bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Picture perception in Chinese dyslexic children: an eye-movement study
Authors: LI Xiu-hong , JING Jin , ZOU Xiao-bing , HUANG Xu , JIN Yu , WANG Qing-xiong , CHEN Xue-bin , YANG Bin-rang , YANG Si-yuan 
Published: January 2024

Background
Currently, whether or not there is visuospatial impairments in Chinese dyslexic children is still a matter of discussion. The relatively recent application of an eye-tracking paradigm may offer an opportunity to address this issue. In China, in comparison with reading studies, there have not been nearly as many eye movement studies dealing with nonreading tasks such as picture identification and whether Chinese children with dyslexia have a picture processing deficit is not clear. The purposes of the present study were to determine whether or not there is visuospatial impairments in Chinese dyslexic children. Moreover, we attempted to discuss whether or not the abnormal eye movement pattern that dyslexic subjects show during reading of text appropriate for their age is a consequence of their linguistic difficulties.

Methods
An eye-link II High-Speed Eye Tracker was used to track the series of eye-movement of 19 Chinese dyslexic children and 19 Chinese normal children. All of the subjects were presented with three pictures for this eye-tracking task and 6 relative eye-movement parameters, first fixation duration, average fixation duration, average saccade amplitude, mean saccade distance, fixation frequency and saccade frequency were recorded for analysis.

Results
Analyzing the relative parameter among three pictures, except for the fixation frequency and the saccade frequency, other eye-movement parameters were significantly different among the three pictures (P <0.05). Among the three pictures, the first fixation duration was longer, and the average fixation duration, the average saccade amplitude and the mean saccade distance were shorter from picture 2 to picture 3. Comparing all eye-movement parameter between the two groups, the scores of average saccade amplitude (P=0.017) and the mean saccade distance (P=0.02) were less in the dyslexia group than in the normal group (P <0.05), other parameters were the same in the two different groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions
The characteristics of the pictures can significantly influence the visuospatial cognitive processing capability of the Chinese children. There is a detectable disability for the Chinese dyslexic children in the visuospatial cognitive processing: their saccade amplitude and mean saccade distance are shorter, which may be interpreted as specific for their reading disability.
Effect of multiple-phase regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy on patients with resectable pancreatic head adenocarcinoma
Authors: JIN Chen , YAO Lie , LONG Jiang , FU De-liang , YU Xian-jun , XU Jin , YANG Feng , NI Quan-xing 
Published: January 2024

Background
Regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy (RIAC) has been more valuable to improve prognosis and quality of life of patients with inoperable pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and adjuvant RIAC plays an important role in prolonging survival and reducing risk of liver metastasis after radical resection of pancreatic cancer, but the effect of preoperative or multiple-phase RIAC (preoperative combined with postoperative RIAC) for resectable pancreatic cancers has not been investigated. In this prospective study, the effect of multiple-phase RIAC for patients with resectable pancreatic head adenocarcinoma was evaluated, and its safety and validity comparing with postoperative RIAC were also assessed.

Methods
Patients with resectable pancreatic head cancer were randomly assigned to two groups. Patients in group A (n=50) were treated with new therapeutic mode of extended pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with multiple-phase RIAC, and those in group B (n=50) were treated with extended pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with postoperative RIAC in the same period. The feasibility, compliance and efficiency of the new therapeutic mode were evaluated by tumor size, serum tumor markers, clinical benefit response (CBR), surgical complications, mortality and toxicity of RIAC. The disease-free survival time, median survival time, incidence of liver metastasis, survival rate at 1, 2, 3 and 5 years were also observed. Life curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results
The pain relief rate and CBR in group A was 80% and 84% respectively. Serum tumor markers decreased obviously and tumors size decreased in 26% of patients after preoperative RIAC in group A. No more surgical complications, mortality or severe systemic side effects were observed in group A compared with group B. The incidence of liver metastasis in group A was 34% which was lower than 50% in group B. The disease-free survival time and median survival time in group A were 15.5 months and 18 months respectively. The 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 54.87%, 34.94%, 24.51% and 12.25% respectively. There was no significant difference of survival time or survival rates between two groups.

Conclusions
Multiple-phase RIAC is effective in combined therapy of resectable pancreatic head carcinomas by enhancing inhibition of tumor growth and reduction of liver metastasis, without negative effect on patients' safety or surgical procedure.
Rhinoplasty in Chinese: management of lower dorsum and bulbous nasal tip
Authors: WANG Tai-ling , XUE Zhi-qiang , YU Da-shan , ZHANG Hai-ming , TANG Xiao-jun , WANG Jia-qi , YANG Xin , LUO Jia-lin , MA Ji-guang 
Published: January 2024

Background
Bulbous nasal tips and lower dorsa are common facial features in Chinese people, and surgery to reshape these is frequently requested. The use of silicone implants in rhinoplasty has been widely used in China for many years, but is not suitable for patients seeking Caucasian tip shapes. The creation of an excessively high tip supported only by a silicone implant inevitably leads to implant extrusion. Although many rhinoplasty techniques have been used in Caucasian patients, there is currently no suitable method for Chinese patients, whose anatomy differs from that of Caucasians. The present study was aimed to investigate the clinical outcome of a novel method of rhinoplasty in Chinese people.

Methods
Eighty patients underwent rhinoplasty using our method between 2002 and 2006. We classified the patients into three types, according to the distance between tip defining points, and used different techniques accordingly. Furthermore, an innovative cartilage carving method and a tip fibro-fatty tissue flap were designed and combined with traditional techniques, such as insertion of silicone implant, cartilage grafts, suture techniques and cephalic trimming to reshape the nasal contours. The followup period was 10–60 months (average, 21 months).

Results
Remarkable modifications in nasal contours were achieved. No complications developed in any of the 80 patients. Seventy-eight patients were satisfied with the results. The outcomes remained unchanged over time.

Conclusion
Our method is effective and suitable for the treatment of Chinese patients with lower dorsa and bulbous nasal tips.
Mast cell degranulator compound 48–80 promotes atherosclerotic plaque in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with perivascular common carotid collar placement
Authors: TANG Ya-ling , YANG Yong-zong , WANG Shuang , HUANG Tao , TANG Chao-ke , XU Zeng-xiang , SUN Yu-hui 
Published: January 2024

Background
Study of the relationship between mast cells and atherosclerosis is mostly dependent on pathological observation and cytology experiments. To investigate the effects of mast cells degranulation on plaque and their possible mechanisms we used apolipoprotein E knockout mice which had been placed perivascular common carotid collar with mast cells degranulator compound 48–80.

Methods
Forty apolipoprotein E knockout mice were fed a western-type diet and operated on with placement of perivascular right common carotid collar. Four weeks after surgery, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with compound 48–80 (0.5 mg/kg) or D-Hanks every other day for 4 times. The serum lipids and activity of tryptase were measured. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Corresponding sections were stained with toluidine blue and immunohistochemically with antibodies against macrophage-specific antigen, α-smooth muscle actin, interleukin-1 β and von Willebrand factor. Simultaneously, basic fibroblast growth factor was detected by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence.

Results
No pathological change was observed in common carotid non-collar placement but atherogenesis in common carotid collar placement of both groups. There was a significant increase in plaque area ((5.85±0.75)×104 vs (0.86±0.28)×104μm2, P <0.05), the degree of lumen stenosis ((81±15)% vs (41±12)%, P <<0.05), the activity of tryptase in serum ((0.57±0.13) U/L vs (0.36±0.10) U/L, P <0.05), and the percentage of degranulated mast cells ((80.6±17.8)% vs (13.5±4.1)%, P <0.05). The expressions of macrophage-specific antigen, α-smooth muscle actin, interleukin-1 β, basic fibroblast growth factor and the density of neovessel in plaque were more in the compound 48–80 group than in the control group.

Conclusions
Perivascular common carotid collar placement can promote atherosclerotic plaque formation in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Compound 48–80 increases plaque area and the degree of lumen stenosis by the mechanism that compound 48–80 promotes proliferation of smooth muscle cells and aggregation of macrophages. Compound 48–80 promotes angiogenesis in plaque. The mechanism is potentially that compound 48–80 increases the expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA and protein in plaque. Compound 48–80 enhances the expression of interleukin-1 β in plaque.
Troponin not just a simple cardiac marker: prognostic significance of cardiac troponin
Authors: Setiadi Benny Mulyanto , LEI Han , CHANG Jing 
Published: January 2024

Objective
The object of this study was to review the role of cardiac troponin as a prognostic factor in acute coronary syndrome patients of varying circumstances.

Data sources
The data used in this review were obtained mainly from the studies of cardiac troponin reported in pubmed from 1981 to 2006.

Study selection
Relevant articles on studies of cardiac troponin were selected.

Results
Elevated cardiac troponin in patients with ST elevation and non ST elevation myocardial infarction was associated with adverse outcomes, including a higher incidence of congestive heart failure, shock, and death. Patients with elevated cardiac troponin value seemed to benefit more from invasive strategies including a percutaneous coronary intervention and bypass surgery, but elevated cardiac troponin was also correlated with adverse outcomes, including a higher degree of failure, shock, and mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention; a higher degree of perioperative myocardial infarction, low cardiac output syndrome, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and new-onset ventricular arrhythmia in patients undergoing bypass surgery were also observed. Elevated troponin after a percutaneous coronary intervention seemed to be associated with short-term adverse outcomes rather than long-term adverse outcomes, unless the elevation of the troponin post percutaneous coronary intervention was quite high (about 5 times above normal). On the contrary, elevated cardiac troponin after bypass surgery was more confusing to analyze since it happened in almost all patients. Furthermore, differences in cutoff values and time measurements in some studies add more confusion; thus, further research is warranted.

Conclusions
The prognostic value of cardiac troponin is demonstrated in almost all acute coronary syndrome patients. In addition to its high sensitivity and specificity, the prognostic value of cardiac troponin is another reason to make it the ““golden cardiac marker” of this time.
Effects of ketamine and midazolam on morphology of dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 region of neonatal mice
Authors: TAN Hong , REN Rong-rong , XIONG Zhi-qi , WANG Ying-wei 
Published: January 2024

Background
It is a common phenomenon that children experience multiple general anesthesias in clinical practice, which raises the question whether repeated exposure to general anesthetics would interfere with the development of the central nervous system of children. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of repeated treatment with ketamine or midazolam on postnatal dendrite development by examining the morphology of the dendritic spines of the pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region in mice.

Methods
The transgenic green fluorescent protein-M line (GFP-M) mice were used in this study. Ketamine (100 mg/kg), midazolam (50 mg/kg) or saline (10 ml/kg) was administered intraperitoneally once a day on consecutive days from postnatal day 8 (P8) to postnatal day 12 (P12). At postnatal day 13 (P13) and postnatal day 30 (P30), the density and length of the apical dendritic spines of the pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region were examined under a confocal microscope.

Results
At P13, for both the ketamine group and the midazolam group, the dendritic spines were found with a comparatively lower density and longer average length than in the control group. At P30, no significant difference in the density or average length of dendritic spines was found between the anesthetic group and control group.

Conclusions
This study indicated that repeated exposure to ketamine or midazolam in neonatal mice impaired dendritic spine maturation immediately afterwards, but this influence seemed to disappear during further postnatal development.
Effect of a conserved peptide derived from Kunitz domain of hepatitis B virus x protein on the cell cycle and apoptosis of HepG2 cells via the proteasome pathway
Authors: LIU Hong , YE Lin , WANG Qing-wei , YAN Qiu-xia , YU Jin-ming 
Published: January 2024

Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) x protein (HBx) in HepG2 cells causes a moderate decrease in proteolysis activity of the proteasome. A highly conserved Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor domain within 154 amino acid residues of HBx has been identified. In this study, a peptide chain derived from the Kunitz domain (PKD) was used to study its effect on the cell cycle and apoptosis of HepG2 cells, and investigated the function of PKD on the activities of proteasomes and AAA-ATPase p97, which involves in the ubiquitin-proteasome protein degradation pathway.

Methods
The PKD peptide (Phe-Val-Leu-Gly-Gly-Cys-Arg-His-Lys) was chemically synthesized. MTT assays were used to determine the effects of PKD on HepG2 cell growth. Mouse anti-p97 antibody was developed for Western blotting to detect the expression of p97. ATPase activity of proteasomes was measured using a colorimetric assay. Peptidase activities of proteasomes were analyzed with various peptidase-specific fluorogenic peptide substrates. Flow cytometry was used to determinate cell cycle phase and apoptosis.

Results
Viability of HepG2 cells decreased in a PKD-dose-dependent manner. Cells exhibited significant cytotoxicity in the presence of 15 mmol/L of PKD. Western blotting analysis showed that expression of p97 was suppressed in HepG2 cells treated with PKD compared to untreated cells. The ATPase activity of proteasomes from immunoprecipitates of HepG2 cells pretreated with PKD was apparently decreased. Chymotryptic activity of proteasomes in HepG2 cells was significantly inhibited by 10mmol/L PKD; tryptic activity and peptidylglutamyl peptide hydrolase activity of proteasomes were less inhibited by PKD than chymotryptic activity. The cell cycle phase of HepG2 cells treated with PKD for 36 hours was blocked largely at the G0-G1 phase, while untreated control cells were mainly in S phase. PKD also significantly induced apoptosis.

Conclusions
The peptide derived from Kunitz domain of HBx protein induces HepG2 cell growth arrest and apoptosis, which may result from down-regulation of p97 expression, and decrease of both the ATPase and chymotryptic activities of proteasomes.
Effect of surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry on identifing biomarkers of endometriosis
Authors: ZHANG Hong , FENG Jie , CHANG Xiao-hong , LI Zhong-xing , WU Xiao-yi , CUI Heng 
Published: January 2024

Background
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease. This study aimed to screen proteins that were expressed differently in patients with endometriosis versus normal controls using proteomic techniques, surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS).

Methods
Protein chip SELDI-TOF-MS combines the advantages of microarray and mass spectrometry, and can screen latent markers in sera of patients with endometriosis. Serum samples from patients and normal volunteers were analyzed by SELDI-TOF-MS.

Results
After comparing the serum protein spectra of 36 patients with 24 normal controls, 24 differently expressed potential biomarkers (P <0.01) were identified. Using Biomarker Pattern software, we established a tree model of the 60 serum protein spectra. When using the three biomarkers to classify the samples, the sensitivity for diagnosing endometriosis was 91.7%, specificity was 95.8%, and coincidence rate was 93.3%. Then we used serum samples from 12 patients and 8 normal controls to validate the tree model and report the sensitivity for diagnosing endometriosis was 91.7%, specificity was 75%, and coincidence rate was 85%.

Conclusions
SELDI-TOF-MS may be a useful tool in high-risk population screening for endometriosis. The identification and application of the biomarkers need to further study.
Relationship between expression of chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR5 and CXCR3 on CD4+ T cells and spontaneous abortion in mice
Authors: JIANG Pei-juan , LIN Qi-de , BAO Shi-min , ZHAO Ai-min , ZHANG Yu , XIAO Shi-jin 
Published: January 2024

Background
Previous studies have shown that local immune cells in the feto-maternal interface are recruited from peripheral blood, and that chemokines and their receptors play an initial and key role in this recruitment process. In this study, we aimed to determine whether spontaneous abortion is associated with the expression of chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR3 on CD4+ T cells.

Methods
Peripheral blood, spleen, and thymus were collected from the spontaneous abortion mouse model CBA/J×DBA/2 (SA group, n=14), the normal pregnant mouse model CBA/J×BALB/c (NP group, n=13), and normal non-pregnant CBA/J mice (NNP group, n=11). The number of chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR3 expressed on CD4+ T cells was measured by double-label flow cytometry (FCM) method.

Results
In peripheral blood, the SA group had significantly lower CCR3 expression (P <0.01) and higher CCR5 and CXCR3 expression (P <0.01) on CD4+ T cells than did the NP group. But comparing these chemokines between the SA and NNP groups, there was no significant difference (P >0.05). In spleen, the SA group expressed significantly lower CCR3 expression (P <0.01) and higher CCR5 and CXCR3 expression (P <0.05) on CD4+ T cells than did the NP group. When compared with the NNP group, the SA group had significantly higher CCR3 expression (P <0.01), but was not statistically different with regards to the other two chemokines (P >0.05). In thymus, the SA group had significantly lower CCR3 expression (P <0.05) and higher CXCR3 expression (P <0.05) on CD4+ T cells than the NP group, with no significant difference in CCR5 expression (P >0.05). Compared with the NNP group, the SA group had higher CCR3 expression (P <0.01), but there was no statistical difference in CXCR3 and CCR5 expression (P >0.05) between the two groups.

Conclusion
The abnormal expression of CCR3, CCR5 and CXCR3 on CD4+ T cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of spontaneous abortion.

Chin Med J 2009;122(4):390–395
Histological and ultrastructural study on the medial canthal ligament of blepharophimosis, ptosis and epicanthus inversus syndrome
Authors: HUANG Dan-ping , ZHUO Ye-hong , CAI Jian-hao , XU Nuo , ZHONG Xiu-feng , YU Yang-yang , LAI Zhao-guang , GONG Di , GE Jian 
Published: January 2024

Background
Blepharophimosis ptosis epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) is a rare congenital ophthalmic disorder, characterized by congenital eyelid malformation including bilateral ptosis, shortening of the horizontal eyelid fissure, epicanthus inversus, and increased distance between the inner canthi. In this research, we studied the histological structure and ultrastructure of medial canthal ligament of patients with BPES.

Methods
Thirty patients with BPES who received plastic surgery at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from March 2006 to January 2008 were studied. There were 17 males and 13 females with an average age of (8.73±3.37) years (3-31 years). The medial canthal ligaments of patients were collected during the plastic surgery to analyze the histological structure by hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Congo red, van Gieson's (VG), Masson trichrome and aldehyde-fuchsin staining. The ultrastructures of the medial canthal ligaments were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fifteen samples of medial canthal ligament from healthy persons with an average age of (9.02±3.12) years (6-30 years) were collected as a control group.

Results
Morphological and histological study showed that the medial canthal ligaments of BPES patients were composed of collagen fibers, a few elastic fibers and striated muscles. The collagen fibers assemblies were disorganized and the fibrous connective tissues were undergoing hyaline degeneration. The karyopycnosis of fibroblasts was located among the collagen fibrils and the numbers of fibroblasts were decreased. Ultrastructural study with SEM showed that the collagen fibers were larger than normal, irregular and loose. Parts of the collagen fibers were broken and had a coarse surface. Ultrastructural study with TEM showed that the fibroblasts had less cytoplasm, fewer organelles and the nucleus displayed pyknosis.

Conclusions The medial canthal ligament in BPES patients is composed chiefly of collagen fibers. The collagen fibers of medial canthal ligaments in BPES patients are disorganized and hyaline degeneration is present. The study revealed that the medial canthal ligament of BPES patients might have congenital dysplasia.