bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les contenus d’enseignement, enjeu technique ou politique ?
Authors: Gauthier Roger-François 
Published: January 2024

The Contents of Education : a Technical or Political Matter ?
The corporatism of the teaching profession, conservatism and established ideas undoubtedly have prevented debate upon the content of education. The situation seems to change little. While, in France, it is true that education curricula fall within the remit of the executive, the debate is, nevertheless, open to numerous participants. The participation of researchers, professors, professional bodies and parents has been somewhat restrained. Obtaining a degree appears to be of more concern than its actual content. A more global calling into question of the desired aim of education, and hence its content, might allow apprenticeship to be valued at last.
Faut-il codifier le droit en Afrique ?
Authors: Nzouankeu Jacques mariel 
Published: January 2024

Ought Law to be Codified ? The African Example.
The African countries aspire towards the creation or the consolidation of the rule of law and are conscious that the codification of laws constitutes one of the ways of attaining this objective. But there are major obstacles concerning on the one hand legal uncertainty, which manifests itself both in relation to the question of which laws are applicable and the question of their areas of application ; on the other hand codification of legal norms represents a cost which is difficult for most African countries to bear. This is why alternative solutions are envisaged, amongst which mention must be made of the concept of ’good governance', and also the better use of information technology which would offset the inexistence of codes or their insufficiency.
Vers une redéfinition des relations entre l'administration, les citoyens et les entreprises ?
Authors: Rondeau Jean-Claude 
Published: January 2024

Towards a Redefinition of Relations Between the Administration, Citizens and Businesses.
The State is undergoing a period of transformation, relations between citizens and those exercising political and administrative power and businesses are enjoying the opening up of markets on a world-wide scale and the globalisation of trade. New forms of information technology and new methods of communication may provide a way for reconceptualising this three-way relationship. Initial experiments have permitted certain lines of development to be ascertained. These demonstrate the pitfalls to be avoided, the necessity for total involvement on the part of political powers and for increased decentralisation to make those involved more accountable and to facilitate a closer relationship with users of public services.
Les sirènes de la politisation - Fonction publique et politique en Grèce
Authors: Spanou Calliope 
Published: January 2024

The Sirens of Politicisation : Civil Service and Politics in Greece.
In Greece, the grip of those in political power upon the civil service is a permanent feature of a system which has been discredited by its excesses in this area. The denunciation of politicisation has henceforth become an obligatory theme in all oppositional discourse but has only been translated into practice by a number of limited and isolated developments. Rather than restricting political interventions, which inevitably come up against old habits of networking and patronage, the tendency has been towards strengthening the independence of civil servants by providing it with the necessary tools to secure this end.
Les fonctionnaires danois et la définition des politiques
Authors: Knudsen Tim 
Published: January 2024

Danish Civil Servants and Policy-Making.
The tradition of the Danish civil service, a product of its historical heritage, is one of impartiality and independence with respect to political power. The recruitment of several political counsellors on the basis of their affiliation to a political party has not changed this broad picture but has brought about a number of developments. The domination of lawyers at the highest level has created a space for their association with economists and political scientists, reinforcing the capacity for policy making. Ministers will henceforth play a more active role of initiation at the heart of an increasingly competitive organisation.
L’expérience de la Haute École d’administration publique en Italie
Authors: Della Cananea Giacinto 
Published: January 2024

The Reform Experience of the Superior School of Public Administration in Italy.
The Superior school of public administration (Scuola Superiore della pubblica amministrazione - Sspa) was founded in 1957 so as to centralize the training of civil servants. The history of the Sspa is all together the history of a reform constantly reiterated because it failed and failed because it was reiterated. The study of the delays in the application of the successive reforms and their setbacks, helped highlight the lack of preparation and follow up.
La décentralisation en Angleterre, en France et en Allemagne. De la divergence historique à la convergence ?
Authors: Wollmann Hellmut 
Published: January 2024

Decentralisation in England, France and Germany -From Historical Divergence to Convergence ?
The comparative study of the evolution of local authorities in England, France and Germany since the 19th century, reveals the importance of historical institutional heritage in each of these Systems whether this be as a result of the influence which it still exerts, or by the reform initiatives which it has provoked. Successive usage of three typologies facilitates the revelation of the essential characteristics of decentralisation in the three countries and the identification of broad tendencies towards convergence.
L'expertise en matière de sécurité
Authors: Chalumeau Éric , Glorieux Patrick 
Published: January 2024

Expertise in the Area of Security.
Expertise plays an ever increasing role in contemporary society. In the area of security, the role of experts has only recently begun to develop in France in contrast to Anglo-Saxon countries. The Higher Institute of Internal Security, created in 1989, has an important role in this respect. The functions and importance of expertise in the area of security have been renewed by the introduction of local security contracts. Experts, whether working independently or in small groups, play an accompanying role in the process of putting into operation and watching over the execution of these contracts which have to adapt to the particular needs of each area. Larger firms have still not yet begun to take part in this process.
La police et les alternances politiques
Authors: Renaudie Olivier 
Published: January 2024

The Police and Political Alternations.
The effect of shifts in political power allows the level of politicisation of key posts to be ascertained by following the career paths of their occupants. The influence of political alternations on the nominations at the head of police authorities varies a lot from one authority to another. Moreover, promotions are more or less swift depending upon the function exercised. It appears that the politicisation of the police, and particularly of authorities, is real, but that it is not uniform, and especially that the political criterion is not the only one used to designate appointments.
Les violences urbaines en France et aux États-Unis : tentatives de réponses
Authors: Body-Gendrot Sophie 
Published: January 2024

Urban Violence in France and in the United States of America : Suggested Responses.
From now on it seems that urban public spaces are to be used by marginal groups in order to affirm their challenging of order and their absence of well-being. So-called ‘urban’ problems are constructions aimed at simplifying the reading of complex and antagonistic realities, discourses emanating from destabilised institutions in a period of recomposition of State Systems and reproduced by the media. In France, as in the United States, the politicisation of the theme of security is a visible and unifying phenomenon, even if the forms of disorder are different. The responses adopted by the two countries are distinct but there remains a common preoccupation, which is to respond to the anxieties of the middle classes.
Les expériences canadiennes
Authors: Brodeur Jean-Paul 
Published: January 2024

Canadian Experiences : the Peaceful Crisis.
In Canada the administration of security is divided between the central powers and the provinces. In the past ten years or so the federal government has launched several police reforms. The principal axis of the reforms is to privilege prevention over repression, and to promote community policing. But, in practice, these reforms end up by marking a return to a policy of repression.
La formation et l’évolution des missions des personnels pénitentiaires
Authors: Mounaud Patrick 
Published: January 2024

Training and Evolution of the Tasks of Penal Officers
Training has found its mark only very progressively within prison administration. Yet, following a number of adaptations, it now exists and is carried out by a single national school. This school is charged with providing professional training founded upon the principle of alternation. The content of the training has also evolved. In fact, while in the past the objective was to provide only elementary training for personnel in the penal service, the aim for the future is to facilitate their acquisition of a calm and confident approach towards their activities. Moreover, the National school for prison administration has begun to undertake research.
PPP e a construção do trabalho pedagógico no ensino fundamental - anos iniciais
Authors: Forte Gilvania Silva Lima , Alves Ariadna Silva , Ferreira Jamires Ribeiro 
Published: January 2024

O Projeto Político Pedagógico é imprescindível para a organização do trabalho pedagógico. Para Libâneo (2006), cada sociedade precisa cuidar da formação dos indivíduos [...]. Ainda segundo ele, não há sociedade sem prática educativa, nem prática educativa sem sociedade. O presente trabalho visa abordar uma visão acerca do Projeto Político Pedagógico, com ênfase nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, pois este se constitui como parte de suma importância para a Educação Básica. O presente resumo foi desenvolvido por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. Para Amaral (2007), a pesquisa bibliográfica é uma etapa fundamental em todo trabalho cientifico que influenciará todas as etapas de pesquisa [...]. As análises foram fundamentadas e realizadas em obras disponibilizadas virtualmente, com um olhar mais amplo acerca da temática. A construção do trabalho pedagógico no ensino fundamental – anos iniciais justifica-se, pois, os docentes sozinhos não garantem uma aprendizagem significativa, precisando assim do apoio do coordenador ou de um profissional gestor especializado na área, para que se garanta uma aprendizagem de efetiva qualidade busca instruções pedagógicas e educacionais. Segundo Demo (2003, p. 7), “a aula que apenas repassa conhecimento, não sai do ponto de partida, porque o deixa como objeto de ensino e instrução”. O educador, principalmente dos anos iniciais, deve ser extremamente preparado não apenas no conteúdo a ser ensinado, mas também deve ser capaz de compreender a individualidade de seus discentes, tendo em seu planejamento a preocupação com a inclusão e, principalmente, com as devidas adaptações às peculiaridades da turma. Libâneo (2007, p.25) afirma que “o processo de ensino-aprendizagem é, fundamentalmente, um trabalho pedagógico no qual se conjugam fatores externos e internos”. Com essa concepção compreende-se o papel do Projeto Político Pedagógico nas instituições de ensino, de realizar um planejamento de acordo com a realidade escolar e com a comunidade em que está inserida. Espera-se com isso que o tema abordado possa auxiliar de forma eficaz na organização do trabalho pedagógico. Segundo Freire (1996, p. 45) "o que importa, na formação docente não é a repetição mecânica do gesto, este ou aquele, mas a compreensão do valor dos sentimentos, das emoções, do desejo, da insegurança a ser superado pela segurança do modo que, ao ser educado, vai gerando a coragem". Conclui-se que assim consiga fazer com que toda a comunidade escolar possa desenvolver um bom trabalho e que as práticas educativas andem sempre em conjunto com a sociedade.
El artículo 565-A del CPC: estudio jurisprudencial constitucional del derecho de acceso a la justicia del acreedor alimentario
Authors: Palacios Baltazar Nataly M. 
Published: January 2024

Los procesos de alimentos y sus versatilidades (exoneración, reducción, prorrateo y variación) son uno de los problemas litigiosos de alta demanda en los distritos judiciales de nuestro país, tanto es así que actualmente existen juzgados de paz letrado especializados que resuelven litigios solo de esa área. A ello se debe agregar que los procesos judiciales referidos constituyen una de las materias más sensibles dentro del derecho de familia; pues a través de estos se intenta otorgar tutela jurisdiccional efectiva a niños, niñas, adolescentes y demás población vulnerable (discapacitados, ancianos y otros). En este marco, hemos querido estudiar el artículo 565-A del Código Procesal Civil, que a la fecha viene generando pronunciamientos jurisdiccionales contradictorios en su aplicación; de ese modo, por ejemplo, se observa que algunos órganos jurisdiccionales aplican en forma literal el requisito exigido por el artículo en cuestión y declaran improcedente la demanda, lo que incluso es confirmado en segunda instancia; mientras que en otros órganos jurisdiccionales se inaplica al caso concreto —vía control difuso— y se elevan los actuados a la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la República para la consulta respectiva. En ese contexto, se busca realizar un análisis jurisprudencial constitucional de los derechos involucrados, esto es, del lado del obligado alimentario y del lado del alimentista, para que haciendo uso del test de proporcionalidad se pueda llegar a determinar si el derecho de acceso a la justicia del acreedor alimentario se lesiona con la aplicación del artículo ya mencionado.
Al terminar la investigación, se ha arribado a la conclusión de que el artículo 565-A del CPC no vulnera el derecho de acceso a la justicia del acreedor alimentario; por el contrario, optimiza el derecho a la efectividad de las resoluciones judiciales de niños, niñas y adolescentes alimentistas.
Presencia militar estadounidense en países de América Latina durante la última década (2003-2013)
Authors: Marchesini Romina 
Published: January 2024

Se realiza un análisis general de la influencia de EEUU en América Latina y se pretende demostrar que los intereses estadounidenses en el continente han estado claramente definidos desde el comienzo de las relaciones con América Latina, guiados por medio de objetivos persistentes en la búsqueda de un control permanente. Se estudia el espacio de América Latina y se lo indaga como la zona que encierra una enorme significación económica para Estados Unidos.
Y así sucesivamente se desarrolla la estrategia estadounidense de seguridad en relación con América Latina. Por consiguiente se explica el final de una importante ruta hacia Sudamérica, como lo significaba para EEUU, el Canal de Panamá. Luego se despliega la nueva arquitectura militar (la cantidad de bases militares) que tiene hoy en día EEUU, especificando las bases militares estadounidenses que han sido desmanteladas y las que actualmente se hallan instaladas en Sudamérica.
En términos de los recursos naturales, el territorio sudamericano se perfila como una de las regiones de mayor importancia estratégica. Seguidamente se intenta analizar las razones de la presencia militar estadounidense en países de Sudamérica, para esto se estudian específicamente los recursos estratégicos como el litio, el agua y la biodiversidad que en esta región hay en abundancia, relacionándolos con la instalación de las bases militares o FOL.
gobierno mexicano y los grupos de autodefensa en Michoacán:
Authors: Reyes Silva Carlos Manuel , Martínez Carreón Yasmín 
Published: January 2024

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar los movimientos de securitización en torno al crimen organizado, sobre todo cuando hay dos actores que lo gestionan simultáneamente; debido a ello, se ha decidido partir del caso mexicano, particularmente en el contexto de la zona de Michoacán, donde los grupos de autodefensa competían –pero al mismo tiempo colaboraban– con el gobierno federal. Ante tal finalidad, el estudio de este proceso se enmarca dentro de un enfoque de securitización que permita contrastar los discursos de ambos actores a través de la instrumentalización de cinco variables: el contexto, los actores securitizadores, el objeto referente, la amenaza, así como la respuesta hacia la misma. Al finalizar, las diferencias entre las concepciones y estrategias de ambos serán útiles para entender las distintas respuestas de la audiencia, la lucha entre imaginarios sociales sobre el crimen organizado y el emprendimiento de determinadas acciones por parte del gobierno federal.
ciudades en el Derecho Internacional.
Authors: Castello Vanesa Inés 
Published: January 2024

La incidencia en las agendas globales es una de las cuestiones más importantes en la acción internacional de las ciudades. Pero debido a que el Derecho Internacional no reconoce a estos entes subjetividad jurídica internacional, el movimiento internacional municipal recurrirá a Naciones Unidas como punto de encuentro y plataforma para la acción política a los fines de establecer el marco normativo internacional que les permita intervenir en aspectos no limitados a la esfera de sus competencias legalmente reconocidas. De esta manera, las ciudades se propondrán dos objetivos en torno a su relación dos objetivos en torno a su relación con Naciones Unidas: articulación política y mayor presencia institucional en el seno de la Organización. Al mismo tiempo, ambas cuestiones estarán entrelazadas a los fines de obtener un marco normativo regulatorio respecto a su actividad externa.
Procesos de democratización universitarios:
Authors: Berrios Silva Camila , Pierotti María Antonella 
Published: January 2024

El objetivo del presente artículo es aplicar la metodología comparada al análisis de los procesos de democratización interna y externa de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR) y de la Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH). Teniendo en cuenta que ambas instituciones pertenecen a países latinoamericanos vecinos, Argentina y Chile, cuyas historias políticas encuentran importantes diferencias el desafío que nos propusimos como egresadas de ambas casas de estudios fue crear indicadores que nos permitieran comparar sus procesos de democratización y que nos sirvieran para ir más allá del análisis de nuestras realidades como casos únicos.
El esfuerzo está puesto en operacionalizar los conceptos de democratización interna y externa a través de la creación de variables e indicadores y someterlos a control en el escenario comprendido, en el caso de la UNR, por la reforma del Estatuto de la Universidad en el año 1998 y el año 2015, y en el caso de la USACH por los años 2008 y 2015.
En este sentido se hablará de la conformación de las estructuras de toma de decisión de la institución y de las características de la población universitaria. Se considerará que su mayor democratización estará, en el primer caso, en garantizarle a todos los estamentos la capacidad de voz y voto, y en el segundo, que su composición poblacional sea lo más parecida posible a la global de cada país.
Resolución de conflictos en la teoría de las relaciones internacionales.
Authors: Orso Javier Alejandro 
Published: January 2024

La finalidad de este artículo es presentar algunos supuestos teóricos en los debates actuales que se realizan en la disciplina de las Relaciones Internacionales, concernientes a la paz mundial y los estudios para la resolución de controversias y conflictos internacionales. El punto de partida será una aproximación a la evolución histórica, los antecedentes, orígenes y precursores sobre la práctica y los estudios de la resolución de conflictos. Luego, se describirán las tendencias actuales en el sistema internacional que dan sustento empírico a los estudios y debates sobre este campo de estudio. Finalmente, el autor se abocará a los debates contemporáneos de la temática en cuestión, y se intentará realizar una vinculación teórica entre el constructivismo en las Relaciones internacionales y la resolución de conflictos.
GIG ECONOMY: PERILAKU KEPUASAN PENGEMUDI OJEK ONLINE PADA LAYANAN PENGIRIMAN RESTORAN CEPAT SAJI
Authors: Apriliani Ernolita Kartika , Ariani Mintarti , Setyaningrum Idfi 
Published: January 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the level of satisfaction of online motorcycle taxi driver partners in Surabaya. The research method used is a quantitative method with data collection through questionnaires using a Likert scale. This study uses the dimensions of service quality at a fast food restaurant in Surabaya using the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) data analysis methods. The results showed that the overall satisfaction level of online motorcycle taxi driver partners at a restaurant in Surabaya based on the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) method obtained results of 82.86% in the "satisfied" category. The results obtained by the Cartesian Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) diagram show that there are attributes that need to be repaired, increased, reduced in intensity, and maintained as expected by online motorcycle taxi driver partners in Surabaya.
Keywords: Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI), Importance Performance Analysis (IPA)
The effects of periodic textured substrate to control diffusion angle on the conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Kimura Ryutaro , Oka Chiemi , Hata Seiichi , Sakurai Junpei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We suggested improving the conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by the micro-nano periodic textures to control the diffusion angle of the incident light for certain absorbed wavelengths of the used dye. A periodic texture (Prd-Tx) was designed to enhance the light path of the wavelength of DSSCs’ dye absorption with a wide process window by optical simulation (pitch: 1400 nm, pillar diameter: 460–560 nm, pillar height: more than 500 nm). The Prd-Tx was fabricated by photolithography processes and nanoimprinting (pitch: 1400 nm, pillar diameter: 500 nm, pillar height: 1000 nm). The Prd-Tx increased the DSSCs’ conversion efficiency (η of 3.13%), surpassing our previous best result (refabricated W-Tx, η of 3.08%). It was considered that the ohmic loss was suppressed owing to the Prd-Tx enhanced electrical conductivity at the interface between the transparent electrode, F-doped tin oxide (FTO), and TiO2.