bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wide excision without radiation for desmoplastic melanoma
Authors: Arora Alisha , Lowe Lori , Su Lyndon , Rees Riley , Bradford Carol , Cimmino Vincent C. , Chang Alfred E. , Johnson Timothy M. , Sabel Michael S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdjuvant radiation has been proposed for the treatment of patients with desmoplastic melanoma, who reportedly have local recurrence rates as high as 40–60%. The authors investigated local recurrence rates at a tertiary referral center to determine the success of wide excision alone for patients with desmoplastic melanoma.METHODSA review of a prospectively maintained melanoma clinical data base identified 65 patients between March 1997 and March 2004 with pure cutaneous desmoplastic melanoma. Complete surgical, histopathologic, and staging information was collected along with data on outcome, including local, regional, and distant recurrence and survival.RESULTSSimilar to previous reports, patients with desmoplastic melanoma had a male‐to‐female ratio of 2 to 1, a mean age of 65.0 years (range, 31–92 yrs), and the majority of their tumors (55%) were located on the head and neck. The mean Breslow depth at diagnosis was 4.21 mm, with 38% of tumors thicker than 4.0 mm. All patients in this series underwent wide excision without radiation therapy. Surgical margins ≤ 2 cm were obtained for all trunk and extremity lesions and for 63% of head and neck lesions that measured > 1 mm in depth (63%). Margins of 1–2 cm were obtained for the remaining patients. Among 49 patients who had a minimum of 2 years of follow‐up (mean, 3.7 yrs), the local recurrence rate was 4% (2 of 49 patients). Seventy‐eight percent of the patients studied remained alive with no evidence of disease.CONCLUSIONSLocal recurrence rates in the current series were considerably lower than the historically reported rates. This finding suggests that, for patients with desmoplastic melanoma, wide local excision with careful attention to appropriate margins produces excellent local control rates without the need for adjuvant radiation. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
On the Position of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital in Aqueous Solutions of Simple Ions
Authors: Hunt Patricia , Sprik Michiel 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe energies of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of four simple microsolvated aqua ion clusters (Na+, Ag+, Cl−, CN−) are computed for varying numbers of water molecules. Extrapolating to infinite hydration numbers we find that these energies approach a value of −6 eV. This limiting one‐electron energy is within a margin of ±1 eV independent of the character of the ion and is 4 eV lower compared to the estimate obtained for the HOMO energy of the ions in aqueous solution under periodic boundary conditions. We argue that this discrepancy must the attributed to a shift in the reference of the one‐electron potential of the periodic solvent model.
Cognitive processing in Chinese literate and illiterate subjects: An fMRI study
Authors: Li Geng , Cheung Raymond T.F. , Gao Jia Hong , Lee Tatia M.C. , Tan Li Hai , Fox Peter T. , Jack Clifford R. , Yang Edward S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) were used to map brain activation during language tasks. While previous studies have compared performance between alphabetic literate and illiterate subjects, there have been no such data in Chinese‐speaking individuals. In this study, we used fMRI to examine the effects of education on neural activation associated with silent word recognition and silent picture‐naming tasks in 24 healthy right‐handed Chinese subjects (12 illiterates and 12 literates). There were 30 single Chinese characters in the silent word recognition task and 30 meaningful road‐signs in the silent picture‐naming task. When we compared literate and illiterate subjects, we observed education‐related differences in activation patterns in the left inferior/middle frontal gyrus and both sides of the superior temporal gyrus for the silent word recognition task and in the bilateral inferior/middle frontal gyrus and left limbic cingulated gyrus for the silent picture‐naming task. These results indicate that the patterns of neural activation associated with language tasks are strongly influenced by education. Education appears to have enhanced cognitive processing efficiency in language tasks. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modelling combined open channel flow by artificial neural networks
Authors: Yang Han‐Chung , Chang Fi‐John 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCombined open channel flow is encountered in many hydraulic engineering structures and processes, such as irrigation ditches and wastewater treatment facilities. Extensive experimental studies have conducted to investigate combined flow characteristics. Nevertheless, there is no simple relationship that can fully describe the velocity profiles in a turbulent flow. The artificial neural network (ANN) has great computational capability for solving various complex problems, such as function approximation. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the applicability of the ANN for simulating velocity profiles, velocity contours and estimating the discharges accordingly. The velocity profiles measured by an acoustic doppler velocimeter in the open channel of the Chihtan purification plant, Taipei, with different discharges at fixed measuring section and different depths are presented. The total number of data sets is 640 and the data sets are split into two subsets, i.e. training and validation sets. The backpropagation algorithm is used to construct the neural network. The results demonstrate that the velocity profiles can be modelled by the ANN, and the ANN constructed can nicely fit the velocity profiles and can precisely predict the discharges for the conditions investigated. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semi‐distributed modelling of the monthly water balance in an alpine catchment
Authors: Eder Gerald , Fuchs Martin , Nachtnebel Hans‐Peter , Loibl Wolfgang 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe need for estimates of distributed water balance in alpine catchments is addressed. Such estimates are an essential prerequisite for the efficient planning and management of water resource use. Specifically, the maximum appropriate spatial resolution that can be obtained in water balance estimates is assessed, given limited information of physiographic parameters and meteorological variables, in a complex topographical environment. This is done using a combination of existing modelling methodologies. The use of spatial disaggregation into subregions of similar climatic and topographic properties has been used as an optimal method for considering all stages of water balance estimation, from input data generation to model parameterization and water balance simulation. Various techniques for the spatial interpolation of precipitation and temperature point observations are evaluated in terms of their applicability to mountainous terrain, and external drift kriging is found to be the most suitable. A water balance model is introduced for an alpine catchment, capable of integrating dominant hydrological processes, for the computation of monthly and regional distributed water balances. The conceptual model is characterized by minimal model complexity, with most of the parameters estimated a priori from catchment physiography, in order to avoid an automatic model calibration. The hydrological water balance model is applied to the transboundary Gail river catchment, located between Austria and Italy, south of the main alpine divide. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antimicrobial effects and human gingival biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite sol–gel coatings
Authors: Chung Ren‐Jei , Hsieh Ming‐Fa , Huang Chine‐Wen , Perng Li‐Hsiang , Wen Hsiao‐Wei , Chin Tsung‐Shune 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe sol–gel method was employed to synthesize hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings modified with Ag or Zn ions onto Ti‐6Al‐4V substrate. A bacterial strain Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and a human gingival fibroblast (HGF‐1) cell line were used to investigate the antimicrobial effect and biocompatibility, respectively. HAp coatings containing 100 ppm Ag+ ions suppressed the growth of S. mutans. An apparent inhibition zone around the HAp coating was further observed at Ag+ concentration up to 10,000 ppm. However, for coatings containing Zn2+ ions, a clear inhibition zone was observed at Zn2+ concentration of 10,000 ppm. Nevertheless, the results of HGF‐1 cultivation demonstrated that the Zn2+‐modified HAp coatings exhibited better attachment and spread of HGF‐1 than did the Ag+‐modified coatings. Zn2+ modified HAp coatings also increased the plating efficiency of HGF‐1 cells. The cytotoxicity associated with the addition of Ag and the cell‐conductive capacity associated with the addition of Zn are proportional to the added concentration, from 100 to 10,000 ppm. The dosages of both Ag+ and Zn2+ ions that should be added to HAp coatings were considered to prevent infection and improve biocompatibility. The results of this study ensure that HAp coatings modified with a moderate amount of Ag/Zn efficiently resist microorganisms and improve biocompatibility. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
The reciprocal nature of trust: a longitudinal study of interacting teams
Authors: Serva Mark A. , Fuller Mark A. , Mayer Roger C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis research develops and investigates the concept of reciprocal trust between interacting teams. Reciprocal trust is defined as the trust that results when a party observes the actions of another and reconsiders one's trust‐related attitudes and subsequent behaviors based on those observations. Twenty‐four teams of systems analysis and design students were involved in a 6‐week controlled field study focused on the development of an information systems project. Each team was responsible for both developing a system (development role) and for supervising the development of a system by another team (management role). Risk‐taking actions exhibited by one team in an interacting pair were found to predict the other team's trustworthiness perceptions and subsequent trust. The level of trust formed in turn predicted the team's subsequent risk‐taking behaviors with respect to the other team. This pattern of reciprocal trust repeated itself as the teams continued to interact over the duration of the project, thus supporting our model of reciprocal trust. Findings also indicate that trust and trust formation can occur at the team level. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Impurities on the Syndiospecific Coordination Polymerization of Styrene
Authors: Schellenberg Jürgen 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: The effect of impurities on the coordination polymerization has generally been classified and discussed in different ways and has been investigated in detail in the syndiospecific homo‐ and copolymerization of styrene. With regard to impurities of styrene, phenylacetylene as an unpolar impurity containing separate multiple bonds, 1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol and ω‐hydroxyacetophenone as examples of polar impurities, and ethylbenzene as an other unpolar impurity have been investigated regarding the effect on the polymerization rate and the influence on the molecular properties of the syndiotactic polystyrenes. In the syndiospecific copolymerization with p‐methylstyrene, indene shows a different behavior regarding the decrease of the polymerization conversion depending on the comonomer concentrations present in the monomer mixture. Additionally, the effect of impurities of the catalyst system on the syndiospecific styrene polymerization has been demonstrated, particularly of octahydrofluorene as a component of the transition metal compound and of trimethylaluminium as a component of the cocatalyst methylaluminoxane. All results have been discussed with respect to the mechanisms of the effects on polymerization behavior and on polymer properties.Dependence of the relative polymerization conversion on the amount of indene added to the monomer mixture in styrene (ST)/p‐methylstyrene (PMS) copolymerization (catalyst n‐ratio: 0.5; molar ratio MAO:Ti = 110:1; polymerization temperature: 60 °C; polymerization time: 45 min).magnified imageDependence of the relative polymerization conversion on the amount of indene added to the monomer mixture in styrene (ST)/p‐methylstyrene (PMS) copolymerization (catalyst n‐ratio: 0.5; molar ratio MAO:Ti = 110:1; polymerization temperature: 60 °C; polymerization time: 45 min).
Structure and Properties of Nanocomposites Based on Poly(butylene succinate‐co‐adipate) and Organically Modified Montmorillonite
Authors: Ray Suprakas Sinha , Bousmina Mosto , Okamoto Kazuaki 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: Poly(butylene succinate‐co‐adipate) (PBSA) and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposites of three different compositions were prepared by melt‐extrusion in a batch mixer. The structure of the nanocomposites was studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that revealed a coexistence of exfoliated and intercalated silicate layers dispersed in the PBSA matrix, regardless of the silicate loading. The degree of crystallinity of PBSA decreases with the addition of OMMT platelets. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed remarkable increase in flexural storage modulus when compared with that of neat PBSA. Tensile property measurements exhibit substantial increase in stiffness with simultaneous increase in elongation at break of nanocomposites as compared to that of neat PBSA. The effect of clay loading on the melt‐state linear viscoelastic behavior of mixed intercalated/exfoliated nanocomposites was also investigated.Elongation at break of compression molded annealed samples of neat PBSA and various PBSACNs.magnified imageElongation at break of compression molded annealed samples of neat PBSA and various PBSACNs.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Aliphatic Poly(carbonate‐ester)s with Functional Pendent Groups
Authors: Zhou Yu , Zhuo Ren‐Xi , Liu Zhi‐Lan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: A novel cyclic carbonate monomer 5‐methyl‐5‐(succinimide‐N‐oxycarbonyl)‐1,3‐dioxan‐2‐one (MSTC) was prepared. The copolymers of MSTC with caprolactone (CL) were further synthesized by ring‐opening copolymerization. The copolymers with amido‐amine pendent groups were obtained by aminolysis of poly(MSTC‐co‐CL) with ethylenediamine. These copolymers were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopies and GPC. The hydrophilicity and degradability of the copolymers with amido‐amine pendent groups were greatly improved in comparison with the PCL homopolymer.Hydrophilicity of PCL (1), poly(MATC‐co‐CL) (16.5:83.5) (2), and poly(MATC‐co‐CL) (29.5:70.5) (3).imageHydrophilicity of PCL (1), poly(MATC‐co‐CL) (16.5:83.5) (2), and poly(MATC‐co‐CL) (29.5:70.5) (3).
Chorea associated with thyroxine replacement therapy
Authors: Isaacs Jeremy D. , Rakshi James , Baker Richard , Brooks David J. , Warrens Anthony N. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractChorea is an uncommonly reported manifestation of hyperthyroidism. We report the first description of generalized chorea due to iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis and propose that the movement disorder is due to a direct effect of thyroxine on the basal ganglia rather than being an autoimmune phenomenon. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
A simultaneous solution procedure for strong interactions of generalized Newtonian fluids and viscoelastic solids at large strains
Authors: Hübner B. , Dinkler D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe paper presents a methodology for numerical analyses of coupled systems exhibiting strong interactions of viscoelastic solids and generalized Newtonian fluids. In the monolithic approach, velocity variables are used for both solid and fluid, and the entire set of model equations is discretized with stabilized space–time finite elements. A viscoelastic material model for finite deformations, which is based on the concept of internal variables, describes the stress‐deformation behaviour of the solid. In the generalized Newtonian approach for the fluid, the viscosity depends on the shear strain rate, leading to common non‐Newtonian fluid models like the power‐law. The consideration of non‐linear constitutive equations for solid and fluid documents the capability of the monolithic space–time finite element formulation to deal with complex material models. The methodology is applied to fluid‐conveying cantilevered pipes in order to determine the influence of material non‐linearities on stability characteristics of coupled systems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hemoglobin Hammersmith [β 42(CD1) Phe → Ser] causing severe hemolytic anemia in a Japanese girl
Authors: Akiyama Masaharu , Murayama Shizuko , Yokoi Kentaro , Yanagisawa Takaki , Hattori Yukio , Yamashiro Yasuhiro , Eto Yoshikatsu , Fujisawa Kohji 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHemoglobin Hammersmith, a rare, unstable hemoglobin variant, was diagnosed in a 9‐year‐old Japanese girl. She presented with the typical manifestations of this disorder, including neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, followed by progressive hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, and bilirubinuria. Because of severe hemolytic anemia, she received transfusions of red blood cells every 3 to 4 weeks. However, she underwent splenectomy at the age of 4 years and has continued to be in partial remission without requiring further transfusions. DNA sequence analysis of the polymerase chain reaction‐amplified β‐globin gene revealed a point mutation (T → C) in the second nucleotide of the 42nd codon of the β‐globin chain (β 42(CD1) Phe → Ser). Pediatric Blood Cancer 2006;47:839–841. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ABACUS, a direct method for protein NMR structure computation via assembly of fragments
Authors: Grishaev A. , Steren C.A. , Wu B. , Pineda‐Lucena A. , Arrowsmith C. , Llinás M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe ABACUS algorithm obtains the protein NMR structure from unassigned NOESY distance restraints. ABACUS works as an integrated approach that uses the complete set of available NMR experimental information in parallel and yields spin system typing, NOE spin pair identities, sequence specific resonance assignments, and protein structure, all at once. The protocol starts from unassigned molecular fragments (including single amino acid spin systems) derived from triple‐resonance 1H/13C/15N NMR experiments. Identifications of connected spin systems and NOEs precede the full sequence specific resonance assignments. The latter are obtained iteratively via Monte Carlo‐Metropolis and/or probabilistic sequence selections, molecular dynamics structure computation and BACUS filtering (A. Grishaev and M. Llinás, J Biomol NMR 2004;28:1–10). ABACUS starts from scratch, without the requirement of an initial approximate structure, and improves iteratively the NOE identities in a self‐consistent fashion. The procedure was run as a blind test on data recorded on mth1743, a 70‐amino acid genomic protein from M. thermoautotrophicum. It converges to a structure in ca. 15 cycles of computation on a 3‐GHz processor PC. The calculated structures are very similar to the ones obtained via conventional methods (1.22 Å backbone RMSD). The success of ABACUS on mth1743 further validates BACUS as a NOESY identification protocol. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atomically detailed potentials to recognize native and approximate protein structures
Authors: Qiu Jian , Elber Ron 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAtomically detailed potentials for recognition of protein folds are presented. The potentials consist of pair interactions between atoms. One or three distance steps are used to describe the range of interactions between a pair. Training is carried out with the mathematical programming approach on the decoy sets of Baker, Levitt, and some of our own design. Recognition is required not only for decoy–native structural pairs but also for pairs of decoy and homologous structures. Performance is tested on the targets of CASP5 using templates from the Protein Data Bank, on two test ab initio decoy sets from Skolnick's laboratory, and on decoy sets from Moult's laboratory. We conclude that the newly derived potentials have significant recognition capacity, comparable to the best models derived from other techniques. The new potentials require a significantly smaller number of parameters. The enhanced recognition capacity extends primarily to the identification of structures generated by ab initio simulation and less to the recognition of approximate shapes created by homology. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peptides delivered by immunostimulating reconstituted influenza virosomes
Authors: Westerfeld Nicole , Zurbriggen Rinaldo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractVaccines have been well accepted and used effectively for more than 100 years. Traditional vaccines are generally composed of whole inactivated or attenuated microorganisms that have lost their disease‐causing properties. These classical prophylactic live vaccines evoke protective immune responses, but have often been associated with an unfavorable safety profile, as observed, for example, for smallpox and polio myelitis vaccines1, 2. First improvements were subunit vaccines that do not focus on attenuation of whole organisms but concentrate on particular proteins. These vaccines are able to generate protective immune responses (e.g. diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis)3. However, next generation vaccines should focus on specific antigens (e.g. proteins, peptides), since the requirements by regulatory authorities to crude biological material are becoming more stringent over time. An increasing number of such antigens capable of inducing protective humoral or cellular immune responses have been identified in the last few years. But most of these are weak immunogens. This reemphasizes the need for adjuvants to promote a potent immune response and also for delivery antigens to the immune system in an appropriate way (carrier capability). Here we review a new approach for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines, which focuses on the induction of highly specific immune responses directed against antigen‐derived peptides using a suitable carrier system. Copyright © 2005 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.