bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immigration, Female Labour Supply and Local Cultural Norms
Authors: Jessen Jonas , Schmitz Sophia , Weinhardt Felix 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We study the local evolution of female labour supply and cultural norms in West Germany in reaction to the sudden presence of East Germans who migrated to the West after reunification. These migrants grew up with high rates of maternal employment, whereas West German families mostly followed the traditional breadwinner-housewife model. We find that West German women increase their labour supply and that this holds within households. We provide additional evidence on stated gender norms, West-East friendships, intermarriage and child care infrastructure. The dynamic evolution of the effects on labour supply is best explained by local cultural learning.
Two pandemic years greatly reduced young people’s life satisfaction: evidence from a comparison with pre-COVID-19 panel data
Authors: Neugebauer Martin , Patzina Alexander , Dietrich Hans , Sandner Malte 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
How much did young people suffer from the COVID-19 pandemic? A growing number of studies address this question, but they often lack a comparison group that was unaffected by the pandemic, and the observation window is usually short. Here, we compared the 2-year development of life satisfaction of German high school students during COVID-19 (N = 2,698) with the development in prepandemic cohorts (N = 4,834) with a difference-in-differences design. We found a decline in life satisfaction in winter 2020/2021 (Cohen’s d = -0.40) that was approximately three times stronger than that in the general population and persisted until winter 2021/2022. Young people found some restrictions particularly burdensome, especially travel restrictions, bans on cultural events, and the closure of bars/clubs.
Macrophage P2Y6 receptor deletion attenuates atherosclerosis by limiting foam cell formation through phospholipase Cβ/store-operated calcium entry/calreticulin/scavenger receptor A pathways
Authors: Li Yehong , Zhou Mengze , Li Huanqiu , Dai Chen , Yin Li , Liu Chunxiao , Li Yuxin , Zhang Enming , Dong Xinli , Ji Hui , Hu Qinghua 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Macrophage-derived foam cells play a causal role during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. P2Y6 receptor (P2Y6R) highly expressed has been considered as a disease-causing factor in atherogenesis, but the detailed mechanism remains unknown. This study aims to explore P2Y6R in regulation of macrophage foaming, atherogenesis, and its downstream pathways. Furthermore, the present study sought to find a potent P2Y6R antagonist and investigate the feasibility of P2Y6R-targeting therapy for atherosclerosis.

Methods
The P2Y6R expression was examined in human atherosclerotic plaques and mouse artery. Atherosclerosis animal models were established in whole-body P2Y6R or macrophage-specific P2Y6R knockout mice to evaluate the role of P2Y6R. RNA sequencing, DNA pull-down experiments, and proteomic approaches were performed to investigate the downstream mechanisms. High-throughput Glide docking pipeline from repurposing drug library was performed to find potent P2Y6R antagonists.

Results
The P2Y6R deficiency alleviated atherogenesis characterized by decreasing plaque formation and lipid deposition of the aorta. Mechanically, deletion of macrophage P2Y6R significantly inhibited uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein through decreasing scavenger receptor A expression mediated by phospholipase Cβ/store-operated calcium entry pathways. More importantly, P2Y6R deficiency reduced the binding of scavenger receptor A to CALR, accompanied by dissociation of calreticulin and STIM1. Interestingly, thiamine pyrophosphate was found as a potent P2Y6R antagonist with excellent P2Y6R antagonistic activity and binding affinity, of which the pharmacodynamic effect and mechanism on atherosclerosis were verified.

Conclusions
Macrophage P2Y6R regulates phospholipase Cβ/store-operated calcium entry/calreticulin signalling pathway to increase scavenger receptor A protein level, thereby improving foam cell formation and atherosclerosis, indicating that the P2Y6R may be a potential therapeutic target for intervention of atherosclerotic diseases using P2Y6R antagonists including thiamine pyrophosphate.
Appropriate application of diagnostics for identifying patients in need of pacemaker therapy
Authors: Tawfik Mazen , Mousa Mohamed , Pokawattana Apichai , Jaroonpipatkul Surachat , Dung Kieu Ngoc 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Pacemaker therapy is the cornerstone in treatment of bradycardia and conduction disorders. Several diagnostic tools are utilized to diagnose and guide the physicians for appropriate management and accordingly proper utilization of pacemaker therapy. The current article is discussing the different diagnostics used for appropriate evaluation and diagnosis of bradyarrhythmias and the suggested solutions to improve bradycardia diagnosis and pacemaker therapy utilization in underpenetrated areas.
Efficacy and safety of pulmonary vein isolation with pulsed field ablation vs. novel cryoballoon ablation system for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Badertscher Patrick , Weidlich Simon , Knecht Sven , Stauffer Niklas , Krisai Philipp , Voellmin Gian , Osswald Stefan , Sticherling Christian , Kühne Michael 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
Pulsed-field ablation (PFA) has emerged as a novel treatment technology for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Cryoballoon (CB) is the most frequently used single shot technology. A direct comparison to a novel CB system is lacking. We aimed to compare pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using PFA vs. a novel CB system regarding efficiency, safety, myocardial injury, and outcomes.

Methods and results
One hundred and eighty-one consecutive patients underwent PVI and were included (age 64 ± 9.7 years, ejection fraction 0.58 ± 0.09, left atrial size 40 ± 6.4 mm, paroxysmal AF 64%). 106 patients (59%) underwent PFA (FARAPULSE, Boston Scientific) and 75 patients (41%) underwent CB ablation (PolarX, Boston Scientific). The median procedure time, left atrial dwell time and fluoroscopic time were similar between the PFA and the CB group with 55 [interquartile range (IQR) 43–64] min vs. 58 (IQR 48–69) min (P &lt; 0.087), 38 (30–49) min vs. 37 (31–48) min, (P = 0.871), and 11 (IQR 9.3–14) min vs. 11 (IQR 8.7–16) min, (P &lt; 0.81), respectively. Three procedural complications were observed in the PFA group (two tamponades, one temporary ST elevation) and three complications in the CB group (3× reversible phrenic nerve palsies). During the median follow-up of 404 days (IQR 208–560), AF recurrence was similar in the PFA group and the CB group with 24 vs. 30%, P = 0.406.

Conclusion
Procedural characteristics were very similar between PFA and CB in regard to procedure duration fluoroscopy time and complications. Atrial fibrillation free survival did not differ between the PFA and CB groups.
Deciphering the mannose transfer mechanism of mycobacterial PimE by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Bhattacharje Gourab , Ghosh Amit , Das Amit Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides (PIMs), Lipomannan (LM), and Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) are essential components of the cell envelopes of mycobacteria. At the beginning of the biosynthesis of these compounds, phosphatidylinositol (PI) is mannosylated and acylated by various enzymes to produce Ac1/2PIM4, which is used to synthesize either Ac1/2PIM6 or LM/LAM. The protein PimE, a membrane-bound glycosyltransferase (GT-C), catalyzes the addition of a mannose group to Ac1PIM4 to produce Ac1PIM5, using polyprenolphosphate mannose (PPM) as the mannose donor. PimE-deleted Mycobacterium smegmatis (Msmeg) showed structural deformity and increased antibiotic and copper sensitivity. Despite knowing that the mutation D58A caused inactivity in Msmeg, how PimE catalyzes the transfer of mannose from PPM to Ac1/2PIM4 remains unknown. In this study, analyzing the AlphaFold structure of PimE revealed the presence of a tunnel through the D58 residue with two differently charged gates. Molecular docking suggested PPM binds to the hydrophobic tunnel gate, whereas Ac1PIM4 binds to the positively charged tunnel gate. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further demonstrated the critical roles of the residues N55, F87, L89, Y163, Q165, K197, L198, R251, F277, W324, H326, and I375 in binding PPM and Ac1PIM4. The mutation D58A caused a faster release of PPM from the catalytic tunnel, explaining the loss of PimE activity. Along with a hypothetical mechanism of mannose transfer by PimE, we also observe the presence of tunnels through a negatively charged aspartate or glutamate with two differently-charged gates among most GT-C enzymes. Common hydrophobic gates of GT-C enzymes probably harbor sugar donors, whereas, differently-charged tunnel gates accommodate various sugar-acceptors.
Relational maintenance among separated Latina/o/x/e immigrant families: exploring the lived experiences of parents and children
Authors: Mendez Murillo Roselia , Kam Jennifer A , Merolla Andy J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Prior relational maintenance research primarily (a) considers only one family member’s perspective, (b) explores introspective communication, and (c) examines romantic relationships among highly resourced white samples in the United States. This study considered low-income, Latina/o/x/e immigrant families’ maintenance before, during, and after migration-related separation, using standpoint theory, social communication theory, and the long-distance relational maintenance model. We conducted semi-structured interviews with Latina/o/x/e parents and children who lived in separate countries (N = 20 dyads). Findings cast light on temporal (e.g., fathers often provided little to no notice to children of the upcoming separation, complicating the families’ ability to prospectively co-construct relational continuity) and cultural factors (e.g., endorsing traditional gender norms, relying on mothers to explain the separation to children after it had begun) in families’ maintenance processes. This study offers new insight into how families communicatively construct “ongoingness” in their bonds despite emotional, technological, and legal challenges posed by migration-related separation.
Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Soluble Glycoprotein 120 Association With Correlates of Immune Dysfunction and Inflammation in Antiretroviral Therapy–Treated Individuals With Undetectable Viremia
Authors: Benlarbi Mehdi , Richard Jonathan , Bourassa Catherine , Tolbert William D , Chartrand-Lefebvre Carl , Gendron-Lepage Gabrielle , Sylla Mohamed , El-Far Mohamed , Messier-Peet Marc , Guertin Camille , Turcotte Isabelle , Fromentin Rémi , Verly Myriam Maude , Prévost Jérémie , Clark Andrew , Mothes Walther , Kaufmann Daniel E , Maldarelli Frank , Chomont Nicolas , Bégin Philippe , Tremblay Cécile , Baril Jean-Guy , Trottier Benoit , Trottier Sylvie , Duerr Ralf , Pazgier Marzena , Durand Madeleine , Finzi Andrés 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic inflammation persists in some people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during antiretroviral therapy and is associated with premature aging. The glycoprotein 120 (gp120) subunit of HIV-1 envelope sheds and can be detected in plasma, showing immunomodulatory properties even in the absence of detectable viremia. We evaluated whether plasma soluble gp120 (sgp120) and a family of gp120-specific anti–cluster A antibodies, linked to CD4 depletion in vitro, contribute to chronic inflammation, immune dysfunction, and subclinical cardiovascular disease in participants of the Canadian HIV and Aging Cohort Study with undetectable viremia.MethodsCross-sectional assessment of sgp120 and anti–cluster A antibodies was performed in 386 individuals from the cohort. Their association with proinflammatory cytokines and subclinical coronary artery disease was assessed using linear regression models.ResultsHigh levels of sgp120 and anti–cluster A antibodies were inversely correlated with CD4+ T cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio. The presence of sgp120 was associated with increased levels of interleukin 6. In participants with detectable atherosclerotic plaque and detectable sgp120, anti–cluster A antibodies and their combination with sgp120 levels correlated positively with the total volume of atherosclerotic plaques.ConclusionsThis study showed that sgp120 may act as a pan toxin causing immune dysfunction and sustained inflammation in a subset of people living with HIV, contributing to the development of premature comorbid conditions.
Efficacy and safety of raltegravir plus lamivudine maintenance therapy
Authors: Borjabad Beatriz , Inciarte Alexy , Chivite Ivan , Gonzalez-Cordon Ana , Mosquera Mar , Hurtado Carmen , Rovira Cristina , Gonzalez Tania , Sempere Abiu , Torres Berta , Calvo Julia , De La Mora Lorena , Martinez-Rebollar Maria , Laguno Montserrat , Foncillas Alberto , Ambrosioni Juan , Blanch Jordi , Rodriguez Ana , Solbes Estela , Llobet Roger , Berrocal Leire , Mallolas Josep , Miro Jose M , Alcami Jose , Blanco Jose L , Sanchez-Palomino Sonsoles , De Lazzari Elisa , Martinez Esteban 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundDecreasing medication burden with raltegravir plus lamivudine in virologically suppressed persons with HIV (PWH) maintained efficacy and was well tolerated at 24 weeks, but more comprehensive data over longer follow-up are required.MethodsProspective 48 week extension phase of the raltegravir plus lamivudine arm from a previous 24 week pilot randomized clinical trial in which virologically suppressed PWH were randomized 2:1 to switch to fixed-dose combination 150 mg lamivudine/300 mg raltegravir twice daily or to continue therapy. In this 48 week extension phase, raltegravir was dosed at 1200 mg/day and lamivudine 300 mg/day. Primary outcome was the proportion of PWH with treatment failure at Week 48. Secondary outcomes were changes in ultrasensitive plasma HIV RNA, HIV DNA in CD4 cells, serum IL-6, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein and sCD14, body composition, sleep quality, quality of life and adverse effects.ResultsBetween May 2018 and June 2019, 33 PWH were enrolled. One participant experienced virological failure without resistance mutations and re-achieved sustained virological suppression without therapy discontinuation, and two others discontinued therapy due to adverse effects. Treatment failure was 9% (95% CI 2%–24%) and 3% (95% CI 0%–17%) in the ITT and on-treatment populations. There were significant changes between baseline and Week 48 in serum cytokines but not in other secondary outcomes.ConclusionsSwitching to raltegravir and lamivudine in PWH with virological suppression maintains efficacy and is well tolerated. This maintenance regimen might be a cost-effective option for PWH at risk of drug–drug interactions or needing to avoid specific toxicities of certain antiretroviral drugs or their negative impact on comorbidities.
Enabling the clinical application of artificial intelligence in genomics: a perspective of the AMIA Genomics and Translational Bioinformatics Workgroup
Authors: Walton Nephi A , Nagarajan Radha , Wang Chen , Sincan Murat , Freimuth Robert R , Everman David B , Walton Derek C , McGrath Scott P , Lemas Dominick J , Benos Panayiotis V , Alekseyenko Alexander V , Song Qianqian , Gamsiz Uzun Ece , Taylor Casey Overby , Uzun Alper , Person Thomas Nate , Rappoport Nadav , Zhao Zhongming , Williams Marc S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
Given the importance AI in genomics and its potential impact on human health, the American Medical Informatics Association—Genomics and Translational Biomedical Informatics (GenTBI) Workgroup developed this assessment of factors that can further enable the clinical application of AI in this space.

Process
A list of relevant factors was developed through GenTBI workgroup discussions in multiple in-person and online meetings, along with review of pertinent publications. This list was then summarized and reviewed to achieve consensus among the group members.

Conclusions
Substantial informatics research and development are needed to fully realize the clinical potential of such technologies. The development of larger datasets is crucial to emulating the success AI is achieving in other domains. It is important that AI methods do not exacerbate existing socio-economic, racial, and ethnic disparities. Genomic data standards are critical to effectively scale such technologies across institutions. With so much uncertainty, complexity and novelty in genomics and medicine, and with an evolving regulatory environment, the current focus should be on using these technologies in an interface with clinicians that emphasizes the value each brings to clinical decision-making.
Xanti Schawinsky and the Fascist Plebiscitary Elections of 1934: Everyday Design Practice and Visual Culture in Early 1930’s Italy
Authors: Barbieri Chiara , Fornari Davide 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With Hitler’s seizure of power in 1933, the Bauhausler Xanti Schawinsky sought refuge in fascist Italy until the uncertain political situation and a career choice prompted him to move to the United States in 1936. Identified as the link between Italy and the Bauhaus, Schawinsky holds a special place in the history of Italian graphic design. However, his key role as promoter of modernism has not been subjected to scrutiny by looking at the work he did, networks he established, and design exchange he fostered.
Schawinsky’s propaganda poster for the plebiscitary elections of 1934 is the focus of this article. Drawing on photographic documents and primary sources—including correspondences, archival documents, and autobiographic accounts—we seek to clarify the circumstances under which someone fleeing Nazi Germany eventually designed works that served as vehicles for fascist propaganda. To this end, we ground the poster “1934-XII SI” within the larger sociocultural and professional context, historical and political circumstances of early 1930’s Italy. We pair close visual analysis with a contextualized understanding to employ the poster as a case study to explore how fascist ideology was ingrained in everyday practice and show how the line between political and commercial discourses was blurred.
Validation of CSF-1 receptor (CD115) staining for analysis of murine monocytes by flow cytometry
Authors: Kapanadze Tamar , Gamrekelashvili Jaba , Sablotny Stefan , Schroth Frauline Nicole , Xu Yuangao , Chen Rongjun , Rong Song , Shushakova Nelli , Gueler Faikah , Haller Hermann , Limbourg Florian P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
CD115, the receptor for colony stimulating factor 1, is essential for survival and differentiation of monocytes and macrophages and is therefore frequently used to define monocyte subsets and their progenitors in immunological assays. However, CD115 surface expression and detection by flow cytometry is greatly influenced by cell isolation and processing methods, organ source, and disease context. In a systematic analysis of murine monocytes, we define experimental conditions that preserve or limit CD115 surface expression and staining by flow cytometry. We also find that, independent of conditions, CD115 surface levels are consistently lower in Ly6Clo monocytes than in Ly6Chi monocytes, with the exception of Ly6Clo monocytes in the bone marrow. Furthermore, in contrast to IL-34, the presence of colony stimulating factor 1 impairs CD115 antibody staining in a dose-dependent manner, which, in a model of ischemic kidney injury with elevated levels of colony stimulating factor 1, influenced quantification of kidney monocytes. Thus, staining and experimental conditions affect quantitative and qualitative analysis of monocytes and may influence experimental conclusions.
VISTA nonredundantly regulates proliferation and CD69low γδ T cell accumulation in the intestine in murine sepsis
Authors: Gray Chyna C , Armstead Brandon E , Chung Chun-Shiang , Chen Yaping , Ayala Alfred 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Sepsis is a dysregulated systemic immune response to infection i.e. responsible for ∼35% of in-hospital deaths at a significant fiscal healthcare cost. Our laboratory, among others, has demonstrated the efficacy of targeting negative checkpoint regulators (NCRs) to improve survival in a murine model of sepsis, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). B7-CD28 superfamily member, V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), is an ideal candidate for strategic targeting in sepsis. VISTA is a 35 to 45 kDa type 1 transmembrane protein with unique biology that sets it apart from all other NCRs. We recently reported that VISTA−/− mice had a significant survival deficit post-CLP, which was rescued upon adoptive transfer of a VISTA-expressing pMSCV-mouse Foxp3-EF1α-GFP-T2A-puro stable Jurkat cell line (Jurkatfoxp3 T cells). Based on our prior study, we investigated the effector cell target of Jurkatfoxp3 T cells in VISTA−/− mice. γδ T cells are a powerful lymphoid subpopulation that require regulatory fine-tuning by regulatory T cells to prevent overt inflammation/pathology. In this study, we hypothesized that Jurkatfoxp3 T cells nonredundantly modulate the γδ T cell population post-CLP. We found that VISTA−/− mice have an increased accumulation of intestinal CD69low γδ T cells, which are not protective in murine sepsis. Adoptive transfer of Jurkatfoxp3 T cells decreased the intestinal γδ T cell population, suppressed proliferation, skewed remaining γδ T cells toward a CD69high phenotype, and increased soluble CD40L in VISTA−/− mice post-CLP. These results support a potential regulatory mechanism by which VISTA skews intestinal γδ T cell lineage representation in murine sepsis.
Martian global current systems and related solar wind energy transfer: hybrid simulation under nominal conditions
Authors: Wang Xiao-Dong , Fatemi Shahab , Holmström Mats , Nilsson Hans , Futaana Yoshifumi , Barabash Stas 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The magnetized solar wind drives a current system around Mars that maintains its induced magnetosphere. The solar wind also transfers its energy to the atmospheric ions, causing continuous atmospheric erosion, which has a profound impact on the planet’s evolution history. Here, we use Amitis, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)-based hybrid plasma model to first reproduce the global pattern of the net electric current and ion currents under an interplanetary magnetic field perpendicular to the solar wind flow direction. The resultant current distribution matches the observations and reveals more details. Using the electric field distribution characterized earlier with the same model, we calculate for the first time the spatial distribution of energy transfer rate to the plasmas in general and to different ion species at Mars. We find out that (1) the solar wind kinetic energy is the dominant energy source that drives Martian induced magnetosphere, (2) the energy flux of the shocked solar wind flows from the magnetic equatorial plane towards the plasma sheet in the induced magnetotail, (3) both the bow shock and the induced magnetospheric boundary are dynamos where plasma energy is transferred to the electromagnetic field, and (4) the planetary ions act as loads and gain energy from the electromagnetic field. The most intense load region is the planetary ion plume. The general pattern of the energy transfer rate revealed in this study is common for induced magnetospheres. Its variabilities with the upstream conditions can provide physical insight into the observed ion escape variabilities.