bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal-Free N-Formylation of Amines Using Carbohydrates as C1 Synthon via C–C Bond Cleavage
Authors: Gill Manjinder Singh , Atpadkar Shital 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFormamide group is an important part of many drug molecules, and herein a process for N-formylation of amines using carbohydrates as the C1 synthon under oxidative metal-free reaction conditions has been reported for the first time. Literature syntheses of formamides uses toxic, moisture sensitive and costly reagents under harsh reaction conditions. Our metal-free formylation is a facile, economical, and an efficient process of broad substrate scope that has led to the synthesis of thirty-three N-formylated compounds in excellent isolated yields.
Revolutionizing C–H Activation Reactions: Harnessing Green Solvents for Sustainable Catalysis
Authors: Deshmukh Dewal , Vagadiya Nikunjkumar , Jagtap Samadhan , Malasane Pravin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis short review showcases the developing field of C–H activation reactions, with a particular focus on green catalysis through the use of environmentally friendly solvents. It evaluates the effects of these solvents on reaction outcomes, environmental aspects and general efficacy, highlighting their advantages that lead to greater selectivity, lower levels of toxicity and enhanced reaction rates. Water and biobased alternatives such as polyethylene glycols, glycerol, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, γ-valerolactone, methanol, ethanol, p-cymene and diethyl carbonate are representative examples of such solvents. The scope of this short review encompasses studies of different methodologies, catalysts, and reaction conditions that help to develop C–H activation reactions utilizing green solvents.1	Introduction2	Water3	Polyethylene Glycols (PEGs)4	Glycerol5	2-Methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF)6	γ-Valerolactone (GVL)7	Methanol8	Ethanol9	p-Cymene10	Diethyl Carbonate11	Conclusion
Zinc/Bismuth-Mediated Allylation Reaction of Biomass Feedstocks: Synthesis of Furanic Diols
Authors: Sibi Mukund P. , Biswas Soumen , Kannaboina Prakash 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBiomass-based diols have been synthesized by a Zn/Bi-mediated Barbier-type of reaction from furanic aldehydes and allyl halides to access allylated diols. The allylated diols can be readily converted into alkylated diols by hydrogenation. These furanic diols could be potential replacements for fossil fuel based bisphenol A (BPA) which has an adverse endocrine-disrupting effect on humans. This mild and green protocol provides symmetric and nonsymmetric diols in high yields. A chemoselective reduction of allylic double bonds provides diols with unique substitution.
The Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire—Aesthetic Surgery: Are We Screening the Troublesome Patients?
Authors: Declau Frank , Pingnet Laura , Smolders Yannick , Fransen Erik , Verkest Valérie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aims to clarify the current concept of performing rhinoplasty in patients with possible body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). The primary objective was to investigate the validity and evolution over time of the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire—Aesthetic Surgery (BDDQ-AS) before and after surgery. Together with the BDDQ-AS, also the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale, FACE-Q nose and nostrils, and Utrecht questionnaire (UQ) were used for convergent validation. In this prospective study, 187 patients completed these patient-reported outcome measures at four time points: at the preoperative consultation and postoperatively at 3, 6 and 12 months. The preoperative BDDQ-AS positivity rate was as high as 55.1%. Postoperatively, there was a highly significant decrease in the odds of scoring positive on the BDDQ-AS. At the preoperative consultation, positively screened patients were less satisfied with the esthetics of their noses with worse scores on UQ, FACE-Q nose, and visual analog scale. The preoperative differences in outcome measure ratings disappeared postoperatively, except for the FACE-Q nostrils, which surprisingly showed better values in BDDQ-AS positive patients. Younger age and absence of nasal trauma were statistically significant covariates associated with positive BDDQ-AS screening. Due to the overwhelming decrease in positive BDDQ-AS outcomes after surgery, a positive screening result on the BDDQ-AS should not be interpreted as a formal contraindication for surgery. Collaboration with psychologists or psychiatrists remains crucial to diagnose BDD conclusively.
K2CO3-Mediated Intramolecular Oxa-Michael Cyclization of α,β-Unsaturated Ketoximes: Synthesis of Densely Arene-Substituted 2-Isoxazolines Bearing a Quaternary Center
Authors: Bhanuchandra M. , Jat Ram Singh , Kothapalli Raveendrababu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn efficient K2CO3-mediated intramolecular oxa-Michael cyclization of β,β-diarylated α,β-unsaturated ketoximes is described. This methodology allows access to arene-rich 2-isoxazoline derivatives bearing a quaternary center in excellent yields with an operationally simple experimental procedure. Deuterium-scrambling experiments were carried out to shed light on the reaction pathway. To demonstrate the synthetic utility of the method, a large-scale synthesis and Ullmann-type C–N bond-formation reaction between pyrazole and dibrominated isoxazoline was performed.
Reperfusion Injury—Postendovascular Recanalization in Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia: A Rare Clinical Case Scenario
Authors: Jain Vikash , Kumar Gowrish P. , Kamani Praful M. , Karavadiya Ashvin C 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRegardless of the number of vessels involved endovascular recanalization of mesenteric vessels is the treatment of choice for chronic mesenteric ischemia. Reperfusion injury post-endovascular recanalization in chronic mesenteric ischemia is a rare clinical scenario as it is mostly encountered in cases of acute mesenteric ischemia. Here in, we describe a case with characteristic clinical and imaging findings of reperfusion syndrome, post-endovascular recanalization of chronically occluded superior mesenteric artery and severely stenosed celiac trunk in a patient with chronic mesenteric ischemia.
Forgotten globalizing actors: towards an understanding of the range of individuals involved in global norm formation in multinational companies
Authors: Edwards Tony , Kim Kyoungmi , Almond Phil , Kern Philipp , Tregaskis Olga , Zhang Ling Eleanor 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
While there is substantial literature on global mobility, roles in the global integration of multinationals are not limited to internationally mobile staff. We focus on ‘globalizing actors’, defined as those within multinationals who are involved in global norm-making. Using interview-based qualitative data, we categorize individuals’ involvement in global norm-making according to the function within norm formation in which they are involved, their source of influence, and their geographical and organizational reach. We identify nine distinct types of globalizing actors. We demonstrate that many individuals play important roles in global norm-making without having formal hierarchical authority or being globally mobile. Our approach draws attention to the ways in which many globalizing actors use ‘social skill’ to further their aims. Our categorization of such ‘forgotten globalizing actors’ facilitates future research by allowing a fuller understanding of the ways in which individuals across multinationals contribute to global integration.
Walking in the shoes of others through brain-to-brain interfaces: a phenomenological approach to the generation of a collective living body
Authors: Liberati Nicola , Mykhailov Dmytro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper explores brain-to-brain interfaces (B2BI) as innovative human-technology interactions from a philosophical perspective to show how the implementation of this technology raises new philosophical questions about who we are and how we live in the world. More specifically, this text introduces the emergence of a collective living body through digital technologies from a phenomenological perspective to open the path to analyzing its effects on society. Few studies in the humanities have been focusing on how new human-technology interactions can connect several subjects into one living body by enabling subjects to literally “walk in the shoes of others”. This novel ability radically reframes some philosophical assumptions about what individual subjects are and how to think of them since the boundaries dividing them seem to blur. The constitution of a new type of human-technology interaction changes who we are and how we live, and we need to focus on such a change to tackle the challenges we will have to face in how we think of ourselves and live with others.
First measurements of an imaging heavy ion beam probe at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak
Authors: Galdon-Quiroga J. , Birkenmeier G. , Oyola P. , Lindl H. , Rodriguez-Gonzalez A. , Anda G. , Garcia-Munoz M. , Herrmann A. , Kalis J. , Kaunert K. , Lunt T. , Refy D. , Rohde V. , Rueda-Rueda J. , Sochor M. , Tal B. , Teschke M. , Videla M. , Viezzer E. , Zoletnik S. ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: January 2024

The imaging heavy ion beam probe (i-HIBP) diagnostic has been successfully commissioned at ASDEX Upgrade. The i-HIBP injects a primary neutral beam into the plasma, where it is ionized, leading to a fan of secondary (charged) beams. These are deflected by the magnetic field of the tokamak and collected by a scintillator detector, generating a strike-line light pattern that encodes information on the density, electrostatic potential, and magnetic field of the plasma edge. The first measurements have been made, demonstrating the proof-of-principle of this diagnostic technique. A primary beam of 85/87Rb has been used with energies ranging between 60 and 72 keV and extracted currents up to 1.5 mA. The first signals have been obtained in experiments covering a wide range of parameter spaces, with plasma currents (Ip) between 0.2 and 0.8 MA and on-axis toroidal magnetic field (Bt) between 1.9 and 2.7 T. Low densities appear to be critical for the performance of the diagnostic, as signals are typically observed only when the line integrated density is below 2.0–3.0 × 1019 m−2 in the central interferometer chord, depending on the plasma shape. The strike line moves as expected when Ip is ramped, indicating that current measurements are possible. Additionally, clear dynamics in the intensity of the strike line are often observed, which might be linked to changes in the edge profile structure. However, the signal-to-background ratio of the signals is hampered by stray light, and the image guide degradation is due to neutron irradiation. Finally, simulations have been carried out to investigate the sensitivity of the expected signals to plasma density and temperature. The results are in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations, suggesting that the diagnostic is almost insensitive to fluctuations in the temperature profile, while the signal level is highly determined by the density profile due to the beam attenuation.
Variation in the bird-name lexicon in Qaqet (East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea)
Authors: Frye Henrike , Si Aung 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Birds are of great cultural importance to the Qaqet-Baining people of East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea.
In this paper, we investigate whether there are differences in people’s ability to name common birds in the local environment, and
focus primarily on the variables gender and location. We showed pictures of local birds to small groups of Qaqet speakers in two
villages—one located in an area of significant deforestation—and asked them to name them. Overall, men were able to name more
birds, as were people from the village associated with greater forest cover. Our results show that gender, environmental
degradation and shift to the local lingua franca Tok Pisin may all be responsible for the variation in Qaqet people’s
ethno-ornithological lexicon.
Sociophonetic variation in the alveolar lateral in Yami
Authors: Lai Li-Fang , Gooden Shelome 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper examines lateral (/l/) variation in Yami, an indigenous language of Orchid Island, Taiwan. New acoustic evidence on F2–F1 distance and duration shows that palatalized laterals [lj] in Yami are characterized by greater formant distance and longer duration. These acoustic correlates are influenced by a mixed bag of social and linguistic factors, indicating the need for a coordinated assessment of these factors. Results also suggest that in general, younger, less-rooted, and Mandarin-dominant speakers have a narrower formant distance and shorter duration, indicating a less palatal-like /l/ pronunciation. The loss of [lj] among these speakers may be linked to a rapidly changing linguistic ecology, which fuels cross-linguistic transfer from Mandarin, the language of communication with outsiders. Since [lj] only occurs in Yami, younger speakers may have converged towards Mandarin and predominantly use [l]s, leading to a restructuring process in Yami phonology.
The semantics of taste in interaction
Authors: Mondada Lorenza 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Tasting sessions constitute a perspicuous setting that reveals how a community of practice uses and shapes
specialized lexicons and semantics within a situated and embodied activity. The activity aims at associating words and sensations:
Participants engage with material objects (samples to taste), and utter/write down words corresponding to the way they experience
them through their senses. This association between words and sensorial qualities constitutes an endogenous semantic task. This
task can be seen as a respecification of various semantic problems, addressing within social interaction several semantic issues,
such as the embodied grounding of sensory semantics, qualia, sensory lexicons, and specialized terminological
repertoires. The paper is based on video recordings of training tasting sessions for professional cheese tasters in Italy and
Italian Switzerland. The analyses show how participants engage not only in describing sensorial features, but also in normatively
assessing the descriptors used, categorizing them as well as the features described as more or less standard. Moreover, the
descriptive task is also guided by the use of several artefacts, such as tasting sheets to fill in and official repertoires of
terminology available to read, which further socialize the participants. The analysis shows the reflexive mutual shaping of
lexicons and sensations as well as the way participants address the semantics of taste in situ.
A deep learning technique to control the non-linear dynamics of a gravitational-wave interferometer
Authors: Xiangyuan Ma Peter , Vajente Gabriele 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this work we developed a deep learning technique that successfully solves a non-linear dynamic control problem. Instead of directly tackling the control problem, we combined methods in probabilistic neural networks and a Kalman-filter-inspired model to build a non-linear state estimator for the system. We then used the estimated states to implement a trivial controller for the now fully observable system. We applied this technique to a crucial non-linear control problem that arises in the operation of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) system, an interferometric gravitational-wave observatory. We demonstrated in simulation that our approach can learn from data to estimate the state of the system, allowing a successful control of the interferometer’s mirror. We also developed a computationally efficient model that can run in real time at high sampling rate on a single modern CPU core, one of the key requirements for the implementation of our solution in the LIGO digital control system. We believe these techniques could be used to help tackle similar non-linear control problems in other applications.
Enhancement of perovskite spontaneous emission by phase change materials
Authors: Litvinov D A , Kushchenko O M , Sinelnik A D , Rybin M V 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Controlling the spontaneous emission intensity of perovskites is one of the main unsolved problems of perovskite photonics. To date, to solve this problem, chemical methods have been used to passivate defects in the material and thereby to increase the radiation intensity. However, this method does not allow reversible control of the spontaneous emission intensity of perovskites. Here, we theoretically demonstrate the reversibly controlling the spontaneous emission of perovskites through the use of phase change materials (PCMs). We show changes in the Purcell factor by more than 50% with a change in the PCM phase in the all-visible wavelength range. We also conduct a comparative analysis of the two most popular PCMs, namely Ge–Sb–Te and SbSe. We anticipate that our theoretical results will serve as a foundation for future technological solutions for the development of tunable radiation sources.
Feasibility study to characterize the production of antineutrons in high energy pp collisions through charge exchange interactions
Authors: Lugo-Porras F , Gomez-Coral D M , Menchaca-Rocha A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Simulations to evaluate the feasibility of antineutron identification and kinematic characterization via the hadronic charge exchange (CEX) interaction

n

+

n
¯

→

p

+

p
¯

are reported. The target neutrons are those composing the silicon nuclei of which inner tracking devices present in the Large Hadron Collider experiments ALICE, ATLAS, and CMS. Simulations of pp collisions in PYTHIA were carried out at different energies to investigate

n

¯

production and energy spectra. These simulations produced a decreasing power-law

n

¯

energy spectra. Then, two types of GEANT4 simulations were performed, placing an

n

¯

point source at the ALICE primary vertex, as a working example. In the first simulation, the kinetic energy E

k
was kept at an arbitrary (1 GeV) fix value to develop an

n

¯

identification and kinematics reconstruction protocol. The second GEANT4 simulation used the resulting PYTHIA at

s

pp

=

13

TeV

n

¯

energy spectra. In both GEANT4 simulations, the occurrence of CEX interactions was identified by the unique outgoing

p

¯

. The simplified simulation allowed to estimate a 0.11% CEX-interaction identification efficiency at E

k
= 1 GeV. The p CEX-partner identification is challenging because of the presence of silicon nucleus-fragmentation protons. Momentum correlations between the

n

¯

and all possible

p

¯

p

pairs showed that p CEX-partner identification and

n

¯

kinematics reconstruction corresponds to minimal momentum-loss events. The use of inner tracking system dE/dx information is found to improve

n

¯

identification and kinematic characterization in both GEANT4 simulations. The final protocol applied to the realistic GEANT4 simulation resulted in a

n

¯

identification and kinematic reconstruction efficiency of 0.006%, based solely on

p

¯

p

pair observable. If applied to the ALICE minimum-bias RUN2 pp at

s

pp

=
13

TeV data sample, this technique is found to have the potential to identify and reconstruct the kinematics of

4.3
×

10

8

n

¯

's, illustrating the feasibility of the method.
The thermal history of the directed energy deposition process monitored by pyrometer and camera
Authors: Li Jiansen , Liu Tingting , Zhang Kai , Zou Zhiyong , Lu Xing , Zhu Zhiguang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the process of directed energy deposition (DED), the local thermal history of a component can change significantly owing to its complex heat transfer characteristics. The main objective of this study is to elucidate the distribution of the thermal history of a static scroll plate by monitoring its manufacturing process through a pyrometer and camera and to provide insights into the factors affecting the variation of its thermal history from the point of view of the part shape and scanning strategy. The melt pool area and temperature were extracted using a camera and pyrometer as the thermal features under study, and the thermal features were mapped in three dimensions. This mapping strategy provides a comprehensive visualization of the distribution of thermal features in parts with equal and variable cross-section structures. In the case of an equal cross-section structure, three factors, printing time, scan vector length, and probability density, are selected to analyze the main factors affecting the distribution of thermal features. In the case of the variable cross-section structure, the effects of the layer printing time, cumulative layer printing time, and probability density on the distribution of thermal features were analyzed. By calculating the correlation between the thermal features of the monitored signals and the factors mentioned above, it was found that the factors affecting the thermal distribution of the parts vary in different structures. In equal cross-section structures, the probability density plays a pivotal role, while in variable cross-section structures, the cumulative layer printing time has the most significant influence on the thermal distribution. The above studies have provided a better understanding of the thermal processes of DED technology, paving the way for the control and optimization of DED manufacturing.
Underwater target correlation detection and location method based on normalized magnetic moment
Authors: Jin Huanghuang , Wang Hong , Zhuang Zhihong , Qian Qingwen , Wu Chengwei , Shi Yungui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
For the dynamic magnetic detection platform represented by airborne magnetic anomaly detection, the magnetic field measured by the vector magnetometer is easily affected by the rapid attitude change. Therefore, traditional anti-submarine aircraft are equipped with scalar magnetometers that are less affected by changes in the carrier attitude. However, the scalar magnetometer can only measure the total magnetic field signal, and its measurement information is single. It contains a time-varying environmental magnetic field signal, including the geomagnetic field, which is difficult to effectively reject. This brings great difficulties to the single real-time location of a magnetic anomaly target. This paper proposes a target correlation detection method based on the normalized magnetic moment that can effectively solve the above problems, considering the rotational invariance of magnetic anomaly measurements for dynamic magnetic exploration platforms and the efficient detection methods required for the single real-time positioning of targets. Correlation detection based on the normalized magnetic moment characteristic function and characteristic time search based on the correlation detection are included. Simulation and experimental results verify the single-point real-time positioning ability of the improved detection method within an effective operating distance. This method has strong usability for actual magnetic anomaly detection of underwater targets.