bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea Repair: Is a Lumbar Drain Necessary?
Authors: Casiano Roy R. , Jassir David 
Published: April 2004

OBJECTIVESTo determine the necessity for lumbar drains during endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea repair.METHODSThirty‐three patients underwent endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhea without a lumbar drain during a 7‐year period. The size of the dural defect ranged from a microleak (less than 1 mm dural defect) to a 3‐cm dural defect of the anterior skull base.RESULTSAll of the procedures in patients with smaller defects (<5 mm) were performed on an outpatient basis. Thirty‐two patients (97%) had complete resolution of their CSF leak after 1 procedure without any recurrence (average follow‐up 29 months).CONCLUSIONA lumbar drain is not routinely necessary for successful closure of CSF rhinorrhea of any size. Smaller dural defects may be safely performed on an outpatient basis without complications. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;121:745‐50.)
Identification and mapping of a rice blast resistance gene Pi‐g(t) in the cultivar Guangchangzhan
Authors: Zhou J. H. , Wang J. L. , Xu J. C. , Lei C. L. , Ling Z. Z. 
Published: April 2004

A single dominant blast resistance gene was identified in Chinese indica rice (Oryza sativa) cv. Guangchangzhan (GCZ), which shows complete resistance to Japanese isolate Ken53‐33 of Magnaporthe grisea. Genetic analysis of the backcross (BC1) and second‐generation (F2) populations from a cross between susceptible cv. Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) and GCZ indicated that the resistance was conferred by one dominant gene. This gene was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 2 and flanked by RM166 and RM208 at distances of 4·00 ± 4·90 and 6·30 ± 4·89 cM (centiMorgans), respectively. It was designated tentatively as Pi‐g(t).
Water sorption and the plasticization effect in wafers
Authors: Martínez‐Navarrete Nuria , Moraga Gemma , Talens Pau , Chiralt Amparo 
Published: April 2004

SummaryWafers are low moisture food products whose crunchiness or crispness is considered a primary textural attribute, highly affected by the product's physical state (glassy or rubbery). The water activity–water content–glass transition relationships for commercial wafers are reported, using Gordon and Taylor's equation to model the water plasticization effect and also Brunnaver‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) and Guggenheim‐Anderson‐DeBoer (GAB) sorption models. BET monolayer moisture content was 6.2% and the moisture limit to fit this model was about 11.5%. Critical water activity and critical water content for the glass transition of the product at 20 °C were 0.591 and 0.118 (mass fraction) respectively. Abrupt changes in the mechanical product properties, evaluated from a three‐point bend test, could be observed at these limits. Moisture levels between 6 and 11% give rise to a glassy state matrix in the product and so to acceptable product crispness. Below this range, the glassy matrix seems to turn fragile and, above this range, the product becomes rubbery.
Catching Up and Convergence: Long‐run Growth in East Asia
Authors: Hsiao Frank S.T. , Hsiao Mei‐Chu W. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe paper attempts to combine the traditional learning model with the recent theory of economic growth using Maddison's long‐run real GDP per capita data of the three fastest growing countries in East Asia: Korea, Taiwan, and Japan. The authors first explain games of catching‐up among nations, and then explain the learning coefficients of Taiwan and Korea with Japan and the United States through periods before and after World War II. The model of leaning leads to the logistic model of economic growth of convergence between two countries. Using time‐series data, the coefficients of a logistic model are estimated to confirm that the real GDP per capita of Taiwan and Korea are converging to that of Japan and the United States, respectively. Similarly, Japan's GDP per capita converges to that of the United States. The time required for finite convergence for these countries is also estimated.
International Trade and Gender Wage Discrimination: Evidence from East Asia
Authors: Berik Günseli , Rodgers Yana van der Meulen , Zveglich Joseph E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe paper explores how competition from international trade affects gender wage discrimination in two open economies. According to neoclassical theory, if discrimination is costly, then increased industry competitiveness from international trade lessens the incentive for employers to discriminate against women. This effect should be stronger in concentrated sectors, where employers can use excess profits to cover the costs of discrimination. Alternatively, increased international trade may reduce women's bargaining power to achieve wage gains. Results for Taiwan and Korea indicate that, in contrast to neoclassical theory, competition from foreign trade in concentrated industries is positively associated with wage discrimination against women.
On the Economics of Refugee Flows
Authors: Stark Oded 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAlthough the phenomenon of refugee flows is not devoid of economic connotations, it has so far been investigated primarily by political scientists and sociologists. The analytical tools of economic inquiry have not yet been applied to this subject, although it stands to reason that such a study will contribute to our understanding of why refugee flows occur and will guide the policy response. This note illustrates how economic analysis can be brought to bear on three key aspects of refugee flows: fear, poverty, and group movement.
Coping in marital dyads: A contextual perspective on the role of gender and health
Authors: Badr Hoda 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn order to create a single measure that simultaneously measures emotion‐, problem‐, and relationship‐focused coping, an exploratory factor analysis was performed onCoyne and Smith's (1994)Relationship‐Focused Coping Scale (RFCS) andCarver's (1997)Brief COPE, using data collected from 182 married couples. In 90 couples both spouses were healthy; in 92 couples, one spouse had a chronic illness. Results yielded an abridged 23‐item, 6‐factor measure. Using the new measure, a series of repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to determine whether coping styles vary by gender and health. Results showed husbands and wives differ in their use of active engagement, approach coping, and protective buffering depending on whether they are healthy or ill. Guided byKenny's (1990)Actor‐Partner Interaction Model (APIM), results of hierarchical linear modeling analyses using SAS Proc Mixed showed couples who are more congruent in their use of active engagement, and more complementary in their use of protective buffering and avoidance coping report greater marital adjustment. Although husbands and wives may employ different coping strategies, these results highlight the importance of examining the ways in which spouses copetogetherin the face of a shared stressor.The course of true love never did run smooth.–—William Shakespeare
Immunogenicity of Constrained Monoclonal Antibody A32-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Env gp120 Complexes Compared to That of Recombinant HIV Type 1 gp120 Envelope Glycoproteins
Authors: Liao Hua-Xin , Alam S. Munir , Mascola John R. , Robinson James , Ma Benjiang , Montefiori David C. , Rhein Maria , Sutherland Laura L. , Scearce Richard , Haynes Barton F. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACT

One strategy for the generation of broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies (NA) against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) primary isolates is to use immunogens that have constrained HIV-1 envelope gp120 conformations reflective of triggered envelope on the surface of virions. A major change in gp120 following binding to CD4 is the enhanced exposure of the CCR5 binding site. One inducer of CCR5 binding site epitopes on gp120 is the human anti-gp120 monoclonal antibody, A32. We have made cross-linked A32-rgp120
89.6
and A32-rgp120
BaL
complexes and have compared their immunogenicities to those of uncomplexed recombinant gp120
BaL
(rgp120
BaL
) and rgp120
89.6
. A32-rgp120
89.6
and A32-rgp120
BaL
complexes had stable induced CCR5 binding site expression compared to that of uncomplexed rgp120s. However, the A32-rgp120 complexes had similar capacities in guinea pigs for induction of NA against HIV-1 primary isolates versus that of rgp120 alone. A32-rgp120
89.6
induced antibodies that neutralized 6 out of 11 HIV-1 isolates, while rgp120
89.6
alone induced antibodies that neutralized 4 out of 11 HIV-1 isolates. A32-rgp120
BaL
complexes induced antibodies that neutralized 4 out of 14 HIV-1 isolates while, surprisingly, non-cross-linked rgp120
BaL
induced antibodies that neutralized 9 out of 14 (64%) HIV-1 isolates. Thus, stable enhanced expression of the coreceptor binding site on constrained gp120 is not sufficient for inducing broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 NA. Moreover, the ability of HIV-1 rgp120
BaL
to induce antibodies that neutralized ∼60% of subtype B HIV-1 isolates warrants consideration of using HIV-1 BaL as a starting point for immunogen design for subtype B HIV-1 experimental immunogens.
Analysis of Adenovirus Sequestration in the Liver, Transduction of Hepatic Cells, and Innate Toxicity after Injection of Fiber-Modified Vectors
Authors: Shayakhmetov Dmitry M. , Li Zong-Yi , Ni Shaoheng , Lieber André 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACT
After intravenous administration, adenovirus (Ad) vectors are predominantly sequestered by the liver. Delineating the mechanisms for Ad accumulation in the liver is crucial for a better understanding of Ad clearance and Ad-associated innate toxicity. To help address these issues, in this study, we used Ad vectors with different fiber shaft lengths and either coxsackievirus-Ad receptor (CAR)-interacting Ad serotype 9 (Ad9) or non-CAR-interacting Ad35 fiber knob domains. We analyzed the kinetics of Ad vector accumulation in the liver, uptake into hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, and induction of cytokine expression and release in response to systemic vector application. Immediately after intravenous injection, all Ad vectors accumulated equally efficiently in the liver; however, only genomes of long-shafted Ads were maintained in the liver tissue over time. We found that Kupffer cell uptake of long-shafted Ads was mediated by the fiber knob domain and was CAR independent. The short-shafted Ads were unable to efficiently interact with hepatocellular receptors and were not taken up by Kupffer cells. Moreover, our studies indicated that Kupffer cells were not the major reservoir for the observed accumulation of Ads (used in this study) in the liver within the first 30 min after virus infusion. The lower level of liver cell transduction by short-shafted Ads correlated with a significantly reduced inflammatory anti-Ad response as well as liver damage induced by the systemic administration of these vectors. This study contributes to a better understanding of the biology of systemically applied Ad and will help in designing safer vectors that can efficiently transduce target tissues.
Receptor-Dependent Coronavirus Infection of Dendritic Cells
Authors: Turner Brian C. , Hemmila Erin M. , Beauchemin Nicole , Holmes Kathryn V. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTIn several mammalian species, including humans, coronavirus infection can modulate the host immune response. We show a potential role of dendritic cells (DC) in murine coronavirus-induced immune modulation and pathogenesis by demonstrating that the JAW SII DC line and primary DC from BALB/c mice and p/p mice with reduced expression of the murine coronavirus receptor, murine CEACAM1a, are susceptible to murine coronavirus infection by a receptor-dependent pathway.
From Animal Abuse to Interhuman Violence? A Critical Review of the Progression Thesis
Authors: Beirne Piers 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper reviews evidence of a progression from animal abuse to interhuman violence. It finds that the "progression thesis" is supported not by a coherent research program but by disparate studies often lacking methodological and conceptual clarity. Set in the context of a debate about the theoretical adequacy of concepts like "animal abuse" and "animal cruelty," it suggests that the link between animal abuse and interhuman violence should be sought not only in the personal biographies of those individuals who abuse animals but also in those institutionalized social practices where animal abuse is routine, widespread, and socially acceptable.
RHAMM expression and isoform balance predict aggressive disease and poor survival in multiple myeloma
Authors: Maxwell Christopher A. , Rasmussen Erik , Zhan Fenghuang , Keats Jonathan J. , Adamia Sophia , Strachan Erin , Crainie Mary , Walker Ronald , Belch Andrew R. , Pilarski Linda M. , Barlogie Bart , Shaughnessy John , Reiman Tony 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) plasma cells (PCs) express receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM), a hyaluronan-binding, cytoskeleton and centrosome protein. The most abundant RHAMM isoforms in MM are full-length RHAMM (RHAMMFL) and the splice variant RHAMM-exon4. We separately examined the significance of RHAMM expression, and isoform balance, in 2 groups of MM patients. In oligonucleotide microarray experiments (n = 210, Arkansas), increasing RHAMM mRNA expression in MM PCs is strongly associated with osteolytic bone lesions (P &lt; .001), and event-free (P = .05) and overall (P = .04) survival. Semiquantitative determination of RHAMM isoform expression (Alberta, Canada) used capillary electrophoretic detection and measurement of RHAMM-exon4/RHAMMFL reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products. RHAMM isoforms are rarely expressed concurrently in single MM PCs; the pattern of isoform expression, at the single-cell level, is approximated in larger numbers of cells by the RHAMM-exon4/RHAMMFL ratio. Absolute RHAMM expression and the RHAMM-exon4/RHAMMFL ratio are only partially correlated in MM PCs; in cell lines, absolute RHAMM expression is elevated in mitosis, while RHAMM ratios remain stable. Temporal examination of MM patients' peripheral blood reveals that the RHAMM-exon4/RHAMMFL ratio increases with disease burden. The RHAMM-exon4/RHAMMFL ratio in diagnostic bone marrow samples (n = 101, Alberta) is an independent prognostic factor. Thus, expression and splicing of RHAMM are important molecular determinants of disease severity in MM. (Blood. 2004;104:1151-1158)
Changes in peritoneal myeloid populations and their proinflammatory cytokine expression during infection withListeria monocytogenesare altered in the absence of γ/δ T cells
Authors: Skeen Marianne J , Freeman Molly M , Ziegler H Kirk 
Published: April 2004

AbstractEvidence that γ/δ T cells play a broad, immunoregulatory role has been accumulating steadily. We show here that myeloid cells are disregulated after peritoneal infection with Listeria monocytogenes in mice lacking γ/δ T cells. Inflammatory populations of neutrophils and monocytes recruited to the site of infection remained longer. Intracellular cytokine analysis showed that frequencies of myeloid cells producing interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor α were higher and remained elevated longer after infection in mice genetically deficient in γ/δ T cells. In vivo dye-tracking studies indicated that the majority of inflammatory monocytes differentiated into resident tissue macrophages in situ. In vitro experiments confirmed that monocytes harvested from mice lacking γ/δ T cells were defective in their maturation process. This evidence suggests that γ/δ T cells promote differentiation in the monocyte/macrophage lineage. These cells are important for bactericidal activity, inflammatory cytokine production, clearance of inflammatory neutrophils, and ultimately, antigen presentation to T cells. Regulation of monocyte/macrophage differentiation may underlie a broad segment of the phenotypic alterations that have been reported in mice lacking γ/δ T cells.
Pharmacodynamic Characterization of Nephrotoxicity Associated with Once‐Daily Aminoglycoside
Authors: Murry Kellie R. , McKinnon Peggy S. , Mitrzyk Beatriz , Rybak Michael J. 
Published: April 2004

Study Objective. To characterize nephrotoxicity associated with an individualized serum concentration target‐specific, once‐daily aminoglycoside (ODA) program.Design. Concurrent and retrospective study.Setting. University‐affiliated trauma hospital.Patients. Two hundred patients treated with ODA and 100 treated with individualized traditional dosing (TDA).Interventions. Empiric dosing for both groups was based on patient‐specific pharmacokinetics and severity of infection. Regimens were modified according to predetermined target maximum and minimum serum concentrations for both groups.Measurements and Main Results. Nephrotoxicity occurred in 7.5% patients treated with ODA and 14.7% receiving TDA (p=0.05). Minimum serum concentrations, length of aminoglycoside therapy, and cumulative area under the curve (AUC) were all dependently related to nephrotoxicity, and concomitant vancomycin and other nephrotoxic drugs were independently related to the disorder. The cumulative AUC was greatest in patients receiving TDA (p=0.03), and the modeled probability of becoming toxic at any given cumulative AUC was significantly greater with TDA than with ODA (p<0.01). Clinical and microbiologic outcomes were similar between groups. Maximum concentration:minimum inhibitory concentration ratios were higher (p<0.01) and number of days to organism eradication was shorter in the ODA group (p=0.04).Conclusion. The trend was toward decreased nephrotoxicity in patients treated with ODA compared with TDA, and at any given cumulative AUC, the risk of toxicity was lower for ODA.
Evaluation of the Functional Status Aspects of Health‐Related Quality of Life of Patients with Osteoarthritis Treated with Celecoxib
Authors: Zhao Sean Z. , McMillen James I. , Markenson Joseph A. , Dedhiya Seema D. , Zhao William W. , Osterhaus Jane T. , Yu Shawn S. 
Published: April 2004

Study Objective. To evaluate the functional status of patients with signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee after treatment with celecoxib compared with placebo and naproxen.Design. Prospective, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group, 12‐week trial.Setting. Multicenter study conducted at 71 sites in the United States and Canada.Patients. One thousand four patients with active osteoarthritis of the knee in a flare state.Interventions. Patients were assigned randomly to one of five treatment groups: placebo; celecoxib 50 mg twice/day, 100 mg twice/day, and 200 mg twice/day; and naproxen 500 mg twice/day.Measurements and Main Results. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index was used to measure functional status. At the end of the treatment period, patients in the four active treatment groups had significantly better functional status than those receiving placebo. Patients treated with celecoxib 100 mg twice/day had significantly better improvements in pain scores than those treated with placebo and naproxen.Conclusion. Celecoxib was better than placebo and comparable with naproxen in improving aspects of functional status in patients with osteoarthritis.
Evaluation of industrial intelligence and evaluation of the effect of circular economy development: Inter‐provincial data from 2012 to 2022
Authors: Zhao Jianlin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs artificial intelligence and automation technology develop, the concept and application of intelligent manufacturing is recognized by more and more people, and the development trend of industrial enterprises' intelligence is gradually remarkable. In order to improve the industrial intelligence of an economy and indirectly promote its circular economy, this study uses fuzzy hierarchical analysis and feed‐forward neural network algorithm to construct an evaluation model of the intelligence of an economy and multiple linear regression to build an analytical model to evaluate the effect and impact of industrial intelligence on circular economy. Based on China's provincial economic yearbooks from 2012 to 2022, the total absolute difference between the average absolute error values of the hybrid fuzzy hierarchical analysis and feedforward neural network algorithm model, the traditional hierarchical analysis model and the manual evaluation method designed in this study are 0.14 and 0.31, respectively. In the industrial intelligentization ‐ industrial structure model, except for the proportion of output value of state‐owned enterprises above the scale, all other indicators have a significant positive effect, indicating that industrial intelligence, information construction and urbanization are conducive to economic scale growth. In the industrial intelligentization ‐ environmental bias technology progress model, the regression coefficients of the proportion of output value of state‐owned enterprises above the scale, industrial intelligence score, and postal communication per capita are 3.846, 0.8510, and 0.0381, respectively, which can accelerate the industrial transformation of the economy. In the industrial intelligence‐economic scale model, the percentage of output value of state‐owned enterprises above the scale significantly effects the environmental bias toward technological progress and the regression coefficient is −34.72, indicating that the lower percentage of state‐owned enterprises in the economic structure is more conducive to industrial intelligence. This study has some reference significance for auxiliary economies to carry out industrial intelligence and stimulate the development of circular economy.
Quality control of manufacturing enterprises based on computer and big data technology
Authors: Du Yu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe traditional manufacturing industry is facing the impact of Big Data, and all aspects of product research and development, process design, quality management, production and operation are urgently looking forward to the birth of innovative methods to cope with the challenges of big data in the industrial background. Although traditional manufacturing enterprises have initially established quality control information system, there are still many problems and limitations in the existing quality control system, which cannot meet the operation needs of manufacturing enterprises. This paper chooses the quality management of manufacturing enterprises as the research object, and uses advanced technologies such as computer, internet, big data and cloud computing to build a data system model of quality control of manufacturing enterprises. this paper optimizes the quality data processing process by establishing the quality monitoring model, and builds an intelligent quality supervision platform, and sets up the quality alarm rules for manufacturing enterprises. If the deviation between the actual value and the predicted value of the quality monitoring index is mapped between [0,1], the quality monitoring system can generate an outlier probability score. In this study, the traditional manual quality management is transformed into the management mode of the “internet + quality data” in order to realize the information, digital and intelligent quality management of manufacturing enterprises. This comprehensive research method combines modern digital technology and relevant theories of quality management to explore the optimization scheme of quality management of manufacturing enterprises, and also provides reference experience for the information construction of other similar enterprises.