bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ExaWind: Open‐source CFD for hybrid‐RANS/LES geometry‐resolved wind turbine simulations in atmospheric flows
Authors: Sharma Ashesh , Brazell Michael J. , Vijayakumar Ganesh , Ananthan Shreyas , Cheung Lawrence , deVelder Nathaniel , Henry de Frahan Marc T. , Matula Neil , Mullowney Paul , Rood Jon , Sakievich Philip , Almgren Ann , Crozier Paul S. , Sprague Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPredictive high‐fidelity modeling of wind turbines with computational fluid dynamics, wherein turbine geometry is resolved in an atmospheric boundary layer, is important to understanding complex flow accounting for design strategies and operational phenomena such as blade erosion, pitch‐control, stall/vortex‐induced vibrations, and aftermarket add‐ons. The biggest challenge with high‐fidelity modeling is the realization of numerical algorithms that can capture the relevant physics in detail through effective use of high‐performance computing. For modern supercomputers, that means relying on GPUs for acceleration. In this paper, we present ExaWind, a GPU‐enabled open‐source incompressible‐flow hybrid‐computational fluid dynamics framework, comprising the near‐body unstructured grid solver Nalu‐Wind, and the off‐body block‐structured‐grid solver AMR‐Wind, which are coupled using the Topology Independent Overset Grid Assembler. Turbine simulations employ either a pure Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence model or hybrid turbulence modeling wherein Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes is used for near‐body flow and large eddy simulation is used for off‐body flow. Being two‐way coupled through overset grids, the two solvers enable simulation of flows across a huge range of length scales, for example, 10 orders of magnitude going from O(μm) boundary layers along the blades to O(10 km) across a wind farm. In this paper, we describe the numerical algorithms for geometry‐resolved turbine simulations in atmospheric boundary layers using ExaWind. We present verification studies using canonical flow problems. Validation studies are presented using megawatt‐scale turbines established in literature. Additionally presented are demonstration simulations of a small wind farm under atmospheric inflow with different stability states.
Effect of treated wastewater irrigation on ornamental plants: Case study of Lantana and Hibiscus, Morocco
Authors: El Khoumsi Wafae , Essiba Wiam , Basir Ikram , Harrouni Chérif , Redouane Choukr‐Allah , Bourziza Rqia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn water stressed countries such as Morocco, the use of treated wastewater represents a strategic perspective for sustainable agricultural development. However, technological and management innovations are needed to make it feasible and effective. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of irrigation with treated wastewater compared with fresh water on the growth of two ornamental plants: Rosa Sinensis hibiscus and Lantana Camara. The study also aimed to examine the impact of treated wastewater on the hydraulic performance of different irrigation systems. To carry out this study, irrigation was applied by two irrigation systems: subsurface drip irrigation and surface drip irrigation. Also, two sources of water were compared: treated wastewater from the WWTP of M'zar (tertiary treatment) and well water, each for a duration of 2 months. The results obtained showed that the treated wastewater generally promoted a better development of agronomic parameters such as height, number of branches, leaves, and flowers for both plants. The same observation was also made regarding the esthetical parameter. For the irrigation system effect, the results obtained showed a better development under the subsurface drip irrigation system; thus, the combination of treated wastewater and subsurface drip irrigation provided the best results for both plants. Regarding the hydraulic performance of the irrigation system, no risk of clogging of the distributors was observed in relation to the water quality; the uniformity coefficient and distribution uniformity remained above 90%. It can therefore be deduced that the use of treated wastewater for irrigation of green spaces should be at the heart of water resource mobilization policies. in fact, it represents an excellent alternative for promoting national water management strategies.
The topological susceptibility slope χ′ of the pure-gauge SU(3) Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Bonanno Claudio 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We determine the pure-gauge SU(3) topological susceptibility slope χ′, related to the next-to-leading-order term of the momentum expansion of the topological charge density 2-point correlator, from numerical lattice Monte Carlo simulations. Our strategy consists in performing a double-limit extrapolation: first we take the continuum limit at fixed smoothing radius, then we take the zero-smoothing-radius limit. Our final result is χ′ = [17.1(2.1) MeV]2. We also discuss a theoretical argument to predict its value in the large-N limit, which turns out to be remarkably close to the obtained N = 3 lattice result.
Modular flavor models with positive modular weights: a new lepton model building
Authors: Kobayashi Tatsuo , Nomura Takaaki , Okada Hiroshi , Otsuka Hajime 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We propose an interesting assignment of positive modular weights for fields in a modular non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetry. By this assignment, we can construct inverse seesaw and linear seesaw models without any additional symmetries which possess good testability in current experiments. At first, we discuss possibilities for positive modular weights from a theoretical point of view. Then we show concrete examples of inverse seesaw and linear seesaw scenarios applying modular A4 symmetry as examples and demonstrate some predictions as well as consistency with experimental results such as neutrino masses and mixings.
A type I approximation of the crossed product
Authors: Soni Ronak M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
I show that an analog of the crossed product construction that takes type 𝐼𝐼𝐼1 algebras to type 𝐼𝐼 algebras exists also in the type 𝐼 case. This is particularly natural when the local algebra is a non-trivial direct sum of type 𝐼 factors. Concretely, I rewrite the usual type 𝐼 trace in a different way and renormalise it. This new renormalised trace stays well-defined even when each factor is taken to be type 𝐼𝐼𝐼. I am able to recover both type 𝐼𝐼∞ as well as type 𝐼𝐼1 algebras by imposing different constraints on the central operator in the code. An example of this structure appears in holographic quantum error-correcting codes; the central operator is then the area operator.
One-loop effective action of the IKKT model for cosmological backgrounds
Authors: Battista Emmanuele , Steinacker Harold C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We study cosmological solutions of the IKKT model with k = –1 FLWR geometry, taking into account one-loop corrections. A previously discussed covariant quantum spacetime is found to be stabilized through one-loop effects at early times, without adding a mass term to the model. At late times, this background is modified and goes through a period of acceleration, before settling down to a coasting FLRW geometry with scale parameter a(t) ~ t. This is qualitatively close to observation without any fine-tuning, irrespective of the detailed matter content of the universe.
Soft supersymmetry breaking as the sole origin of neutrino masses and lepton number violation
Authors: Joshipura Anjan S. , Patel Ketan M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We discuss a scenario in which the supergravity induced soft terms, conventionally used for breaking supersymmetry, also lead to non-zero Majorana neutrino masses. The soft terms lead to the spontaneous violation of the lepton number at the gravitino mass scale m3/2 which in turn leads to (i) the Majorana masses of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(m3/2) for the right-handed neutrinos and (ii) the R-parity breaking at the same scale. The former contributes to light neutrino masses through the type I seesaw mechanism, while the latter adds to it through neutrino-neutralino mixing. Both contributions can scale inversely with respect to m3/2 given that gaugino and Higgsino masses are also of order m3/2. Together, these two contributions adequately explain observed neutrino masses and mixing. One realization of the scenario also naturally leads to a μ parameter of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(m3/2). Despite the lepton number symmetry breaking close to the weak scale, the Majoron in the model exhibits very weak coupling to leptons, satisfying existing constraints on Majoron-lepton interactions. The right-handed neutrinos in the model have a large coupling to Higgsinos. This coupling and the relatively large heavy-light neutrino mixing induced through the seesaw mechanism may lead to the observable signals at colliders in terms of displaced vertices.
Quantum electrodynamics of non-Hermitian Dirac fermions
Authors: Murshed Sk Asrap , Roy Bitan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We develop an effective quantum electrodynamics for non-Hermitian (NH) Dirac materials interacting with photons. These systems are described by nonspatial symmetry protected Lorentz invariant NH Dirac operators, featuring two velocity parameters υH and υNH associated with the standard Hermitian and a masslike anti-Hermitian Dirac operators, respectively. They display linear energy-momentum relation, however, in terms of an effective Fermi velocity $$ {\upsilon}_{\textrm{F}}=\sqrt{\upsilon_{\textrm{H}}^2-{\upsilon}_{\textrm{NH}}^2} $$

υ
F

=

υ
H
2

−

υ
NH
2

of NH Dirac fermions. Interaction with the fluctuating electromagnetic radiation then gives birth to an emergent Lorentz symmetry in this family of NH Dirac materials in the deep infrared regime, where the system possesses a unique terminal velocity υF = c, with c being the speed of light. While in two dimensions such a terminal velocity is set by the speed of light in the free space, dynamic screening in three spatial dimensions permits its nonuniversal values. Manifestations of such an emergent spacetime symmetry on the scale dependence of various physical observables in correlated NH Dirac materials are discussed.
Coulomb and Higgs phases of G2-manifolds
Authors: Acharya B. S. , Baldwin D. A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ricci flat manifolds of special holonomy are a rich framework as models of the extra dimensions in string/M-theory. At special points in vacuum moduli space, special kinds of singularities occur and demand a physical interpretation. In this paper we show that the topologically distinct G2-holonomy manifolds arising from desingularisations of codimension four orbifold singularities due to Joyce and Karigiannis correspond physically to Coulomb and Higgs phases of four dimensional gauge theories. The results suggest generalisations of the Joyce-Karigiannis construction to arbitrary ADE-singularities and higher order twists which we explore in detail in explicitly solvable local models. These models allow us to derive an isomorphism between moduli spaces of Ricci flat metrics on these non-compact G2-manifolds and flat ADE-connections on compact flat 3-manifolds which we establish explicitly for SU(n).
Commuting SYK: a pseudo-holographic model
Authors: Gao Ping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this work, we study a type of commuting SYK model in which all terms in the Hamiltonian are commutative to each other. Because of the commutativity, this model has a large number of conserved charges and is integrable. After the ensemble average of random couplings, we can solve this model exactly in anyN. Though this integral model is not holographic, we do find that it has some holography-like features, especially the near-perfect size winding in high temperatures. Therefore, we would like to call it pseudo-holographic. We also find that the size winding of this model has a narrowly peaked size distribution, which is different from the ordinary SYK model. We apply the traversable wormhole teleportation protocol in the commuting SYK model and find that the teleportation has a few features similar to the semiclassical traversable wormhole but in different parameter regimes. We show that the underlying physics is not entirely determined by the size-winding mechanism but involves the peaked-size mechanism and thermalization. Lastly, we comment on the recent simulation of the dynamics of traversable wormholes on Google’s quantum processor.
TeleCOVID Hessen: Implikationen für die Erschließung neuer Indikationsgebiete
Authors: Grahlmann Anne , Brandt Jenny , Salzmann Daniela , Hoffmann Felix 
Published: January 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Während der Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Pandemie (SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie) wurde in Hessen die Anwendung TeleCOVID entwickelt, um die Intensivstationen telemedizinisch zu vernetzen. Nach der erfolgreichen Implementierung sollte die Anwendung auch auf weitere Indikationsgebiete in der Intensivmedizin ausgeweitet werden.

Ziel der Arbeit (Fragestellung)
Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurde evaluiert, auf welche weiteren Indikationen der Einsatz der Anwendung erweitert werden kann und welche technischen Anforderungen damit einhergehen.

Material und Methoden
Zur Beantwortung der Fragestellung wurden leitfadengestützte Experteninterviews mit klinisch tätigen Ärztinnen und Ärzten (n = 8) geführt, die mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet wurden.

Ergebnisse
Im Rahmen der Interviews konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Ausweitung von TeleCOVID auf weitere intensivmedizinische Indikationsgebiete sinnvoll ist. Es wurden zahlreiche technische Anforderungen formuliert, die bei der Weiterentwicklung der Anwendung konkret berücksichtigt werden sollten.

Diskussion
Die telemedizinische Vernetzung von Intensivstationen kann für die beteiligten Akteure einen Mehrwert generieren. Wichtig ist allerdings, dass die Daten bestmöglich standardisiert und strukturiert erhoben werden. Der Kommunikationsprozess sollte umfassend automatisiert werden, um den Aufwand für die beteiligten Akteure möglichst gering zu halten.
Epidemiology of horse trauma: a literature review
Authors: Neville Emily K. , Hicks Henry , Neville Christine C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Horses are used for many recreational and occupational activities. They are large, strong, temperamental, and unpredictable animals and people involved with them are at risk for injuries, from minor abrasions to severe injuries that may lead to death. This review reports on horse trauma in relation to the characteristics of injured equestrians, characteristics of horse trauma, and clinical outcomes.

Methods
A literature search was conducted from health-related electronic databases to identify studies from 2018 to 2023. The search returned 115 relevant full-text articles but after screening and assessment for eligibility, 39 were included in this review for a detailed examination of horse trauma epidemiology. Most studies were undertaken in the USA and the most used method was a retrospective review of hospital or trauma registry data.

Results
There have only been very slight changes in horse trauma numbers and outcomes over the past 5 years. Most injuries often follow falls and kicks. Females in their late-20 s to mid-30 s who are recreational equestrians are the group most represented in the data. The commonest injuries include fractures, and head, thoracic, and abdominal trauma. Most individuals with horse trauma were treated in the Emergency Department and discharged. For the equestrians who were admitted to hospital, around one-third required surgery. Mortality rates are very low.

Conclusion
The popularity of occupational and recreational horse activities does not seem to wane and horse trauma continues to represent a significant concern for the health system. Health care workers need to be cognizant of the scope of trauma presentations as the mechanisms of injury can be complicated putting the equestrian at a high risk of associated injuries that may be life-threatening.
Efficacy of lysostaphin-coated titanium plates on implant-associated MRSA osteitis in minipigs
Authors: Jaekel Carina , Windolf Ceylan D. , Bieler Dan , Oezel Lisa , Seiler Lars F. , Lakomek Felix N. , Beyersdorf Christoph , Mertens Jann , Steuwe Andrea , Windolf Joachim , Grassmann Jan P. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The growing incidence of implant-associated infections (IAIs) caused by biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus in combination with an increasing resistance to antibiotics requires new therapeutic strategies. Lysostaphin has been shown to eliminate this biofilm. Own studies confirm the effectiveness in a murine model. The current study characterizes the effects of lysostaphin-coated plates in an IAI minipig model.

Methods
The femur of 30 minipigs was stabilized with a five-hole plate, a bone defect was created, and in 20 cases methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was applied. Ten animals served as control group. After 14 days, local debridement, lavage, and plate exchange (seven-hole plate) were performed. Ten of the infected minipigs received an uncoated plate and 10 a lysostaphin-coated plate. On day 84, the minipigs were again lavaged, followed by euthanasia. Bacterial load was quantified by colony-forming units (CFU). Immunological response was determined by neutrophils, as well as interleukins. Fracture healing was assessed radiologically.

Results
CFU showed significant difference between infected minipigs with an uncoated plate and minipigs with a lysostaphin-coated plate (p = 0.0411). The infection-related excessive callus formation and calcification was significantly greater in the infected animals with an uncoated plate than in animals with a lysostaphin-coated plate (p = 0.0164/p = 0.0033). The analysis of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and interleukins did not reveal any pioneering findings.

Conclusion
This study confirms the minipig model for examining IAI. Furthermore, coating of plates using lysostaphin could be a promising tool in the therapeutic strategies of IAI. Future studies should focus on coating technology of implants and on translation into a clinical model.
Quality control in pharmaceutical analysis by diode-array thin-layer chromatography: quantification of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole as a case study
Authors: Spangenberg Bernd 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole as a fixed-dose combination in the ratio 1:5 is known as cotrimoxazole. It is used as antibiotic to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Cotrimoxazole is part of the World Health Organization’s list of essential medicines. Cotrimoxazole is an example of a drug that was partially unavailable in Germany during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and the Ukraine war. The dependency on foreign sources of medicines is well known in Europe and resulted in the Pharmaceutical Strategy for Europe 2020, a strategy concept “will support the competitiveness and innovative capacity of the EU’s pharmaceutical industry”. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is a cost-effective method for quantifying pharmaceutically active compounds. Diode-array detection (DAD) in conjunction with HPTLC can simultaneously detect ultraviolet‒visible (UV‒VIS) and fluorescence spectra directly from the plate. Visualization as a contour plot helps to identify the optimal wavelengths for compound quantification and reduce uncertainty in the determination. The quantification of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole is presented in a case study that highlights the key aspects for HPTLC quantification of pharmaceutical fixed-dose combinations with minimal uncertainty. HPTLC‒DAD allows quantification of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole with a required relative standard deviation of less than 2.5%.
Real-world use of multigene signatures in early breast cancer: differences to clinical trials
Authors: Licata Luca , De Sanctis Rita , Vingiani Andrea , Cosentini Deborah , Iorfida Monica , Caremoli Elena Rota , Sassi Isabella , Fernandes Bethania , Gianatti Andrea , Guerini-Rocco Elena , Zambelli Claudia , Munzone Elisabetta , Simoncini Edda Lucia , Tondini Carlo , Gentilini Oreste Davide , Zambelli Alberto , Pruneri Giancarlo , Bianchini Giampaolo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In Italy, Lombardy was the first region to reimburse multigene assays (MGAs) for patients otherwise candidates for chemotherapy. This is a real-world experience of MGAs usage in six referral cancer centers in Lombardy.

Methods
Among MGAs, Oncotype DX (RS) was used in 97% of cases. Consecutive patients tested with Oncotype DX from July 2020 to July 2022 were selected. The distribution of clinicopathologic features by RS groups (low RS: 0–25, high RS: 26–100) was assessed using chi-square and compared with those of the TAILORx and RxPONDER trials.

Results
Out of 1,098 patients identified, 73% had low RS. Grade and Ki67 were associated with RS (p < 0.001). In patients with both G3 and Ki67 > 30%, 39% had low RS, while in patients with both G1 and Ki67 < 20%, 7% had high RS. The proportion of low RS in node-positive patients was similar to that in RxPONDER (82% vs 83%), while node-negative patients with low RS were significantly less than in TAILORx (66% vs 86%, p < 0.001). The distribution of Grade was different from registration trials, with more G3 and fewer G1 (38% and 3%) than in TAILORx (18% and 27%) and RxPONDER (10% and 24%) (p < 0.001). Patients ≤ 50 years were overrepresented in this series (41%) than in TAILORx and RxPONDER (31% and 24%, respectively) (p < 0.001) and, among them, 42% were node positive.

Conclusions
In this real-world series, Oncotype DX was the test almost exclusively used. Despite reimbursement being linked to pre-test chemotherapy recommendation, almost 3/4 patients resulted in the low-RS group. The significant proportion of node-positive patients ≤ 50 years tested indicates that oncologists considered Oncotype DX informative also in this population.
Psychiatric Features of Children with Chronic Functional Constipation: Focusing on Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Akama Fumiaki , Mikami Katsunaka , Orihashi Yasushi , Takase Syunya , Hanawa Kyuta , Nishikawa Keita , Watanabe Natsuru , Kimoto Keitaro , Takahashi Yuki , Onishi Yuichi , Salas Juan , Yamamoto Kenji , Ueno Shigeru 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose: The present study aimed to assess the psychiatric characteristics of children with chronic functional constipation using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Japanese version and the Pervasive Developmental Disorders/Autism Society Japan Rating Scale, and to examine the frequency of autism spectrum disorder in children with chronic functional constipation. We also investigated differences in treatment duration between children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Methods: Treatment outcomes were examined retrospectively for 55 participants (chronic functional constipation group: n = 30, mean age 3.4 years; control group: n = 25, mean age, 4.5 years). The association between chronic functional constipation and autism spectrum disorder was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: The mean Aberrant Behavior Checklist score and frequency of individuals with autism spectrum disorder were significantly higher in the chronic functional constipation group. After adjusting for age and sex, chronic functional constipation was significantly associated with autism spectrum disorder. In the chronic functional constipation group, the frequency of onset was significantly higher in children with autism spectrum disorder under 1 year of age. When treated, the mean duration of constipation was significantly longer in children with autism spectrum disorder. Conclusion: Pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, and child psychiatrists should work closely to ensure appropriate treatment of chronic functional constipation in children with autism spectrum disorder.