bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MMPs and TIMP‐1 are differentially expressed between acute murine excisional and laser wounds
Authors: Draper Bradley K. , Davidson Mari K. , Nanney Lillian B. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their physiological inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) play significant roles in wound repair. The aim of this study was to determine whether MMP and TIMP‐1 mRNA is differentially expressed between laser‐created and excisional skin wounds.Study Design/Materials and MethodsFull‐thickness wounds were created on the dorsal surface of Balb/c mice by either excision of the skin or with a CO2 laser. Animals were sacrificed at days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 13, and their wounds processed for RNA isolation or histology and immunohistochemistry.ResultsNorthern hybridization for MMP‐3, ‐10, ‐13, and TIMP‐1 mRNA demonstrated higher expression on days 1, 3, and 5 in the laser wounds as compared to the excisional wounds. Histological evaluation revealed a two day delay in the resurfacing of laser wounds as compared to excisional wounds. Immunohistochemistry of Day 5 and 7 excisional and laser wounds showed MMP‐3 within the epidermal compartment and the neo‐dermis. No remarkable differences were noted in the spatial distribution patterns of MMP‐3 between wound types.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that MMPs and TIMP‐1 mRNA expression is higher on days 1–5 post injury in full thickness laser‐created wounds than in comparable same day excisional wounds. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:106–116, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluating the efficacy of using a short‐pulsed erbium:YAG laser for intraoperative resurfacing of surgical wounds
Authors: Rohrer Thomas E. , Ugent Steven J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThere are many studies demonstrating the aesthetic benefits of resurfacing a wound 4–8 weeks following surgical closure. Several anecdotal reports have been published stating that resurfacing a wound at the time of closure is also of cosmetic benefit. Our study was designed to evaluate the effects of resurfacing wound edges at the time of surgical closure.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTen patients with skin types I–III undergoing reconstruction on the head or neck using a complex linear closure of at least 4 cm in length were enrolled in the study. Following the placement of subcutaneous sutures and an intradermal running suture, a split scar study was designed. Half of the wound was left as a control and half of the wound was resurfaced with a short pulsed Erbium:YAG laser. Both sides were treated with a hydrogel dressing. Follow‐up evaluations were performed 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months post‐operatively. The wound was evaluated for any adverse reactions. The degree of erythema, textural misalignment or tissue mismatch, and overall aesthetic appearance of both sides of the scar were evaluated and scored.ResultsThere were no incidents of infection, dehiscence, hematoma, necrosis, or reaction to the dressing during the study. There was a trend towards greater erythema in the resurfaced half of the scar at the 1 week and 1 month evaluation. There was a trend towards less tissue mismatch and better overall aesthetic appearance of the side of the scar that had been resurfaced. The differences however were not statistically significant.ConclusionGiven the time and resources necessary to perform an intraoperative resurfacing procedure on the wound edges, it may be more reasonable to withhold resurfacing procedures for those few cases that may require it postoperatively (patients with a history of poor healing, highly sebaceous areas, etc.). When good operative technique is used, most surgical wounds on the head and neck heal very well with excellent aesthetic outcomes without any additional intervention. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:101–105, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zoon's balanitis treated with Erbium:YAG laser ablation†
Authors: Albertini John G. , Holck David E.E. , Farley Mary F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveZoon's balanitis (ZB) is an uncommon, benign, idiopathic inflammatory condition affecting uncircumcised males. Definitive treatments include circumcision and carbon dioxide (CO2) laser ablation. We describe an alternative laser modality showing efficacy in the treatment of ZB.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe report the first case of ZB effectively treated with Erbium:YAG (Er:YAG) laser ablation. We review the pathogenesis and medical, surgical, and laser management of ZB.ResultsOur patient demonstrated a long‐term clinical and histologic cure after Er:YAG laser ablation of ZB.ConclusionsAs an alternative to circumcision or continuous wave CO2 laser, we propose a trial of Er:YAG laser ablation as a low risk, first line treatment of ZB. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:123–126, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cooling gel improves pulsed KTP laser treatment of facial telangiectasia
Authors: Kauvar Arielle N.B. , Frew Kathryn E. , Friedman Paul M. , Geronemus Roy G. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePulsed KTP lasers effectively treat facial telangiectasia without purpura production. Transient side effects following treatment include erythema, edema, and vesiculation leading to crust formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of an aqueous gel in reducing side effects associated with pulsed KTP laser treatment of facial telangiectasia.Study Design/Materials and MethodsNineteen patients with extensive facial telangiectasias were treated with a pulsed KTP laser (Versapulse, Coherent, Palo Alto, CA). The laser was used with the water cooled handpiece chilled to 4°C, a 4 mm spot size, a 10‐millisecond pulse duration and a fluence of 9.5 J/cm2. One side of the face was treated with the laser using the cooling handpiece alone. The other side was treated using the cooling handpiece applied to a 2‐mm film of aqueous gel spread over the treatment area.ResultsTreatment side effects, including pain, erythema, edema, vesiculation, and crusting were scored following treatment with and without the aqueous gel. Use of the aqueous gel in conjunction with the cooling handpiece decreased the incidence and severity of pain, erythema, edema, and crusting following pulsed KTP laser treatment of facial telangiectasia. Most patients demonstrated 50–75% clearance of their telangiectasias 1 month after one treatment session, and use of the gel did not alter the treatment efficacy.ConclusionsThe application of an aqueous gel during pulsed KTP laser treatment of facial telangiectasia improves treatment associated side effects without affecting vessel clearance. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:149–153, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extended theory of selective photothermolysis
Authors: Altshuler G.B. , Anderson R.R. , Manstein D. , Zenzie H.H. , Smirnov M.Z. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveWe present a new theory of selective thermal damage of non‐uniformly pigmented structures in biological tissues. Spatial separation of the heavily pigmented areas and the target requires limitation of the pigment temperature and heat diffusion from the pigmented to the targeted areas.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA concept of selective target damage by heat diffusion is presented for three target geometries: planar, cylindrical, and spherical. An in vitro experiment is described in which the dependence of thermal damage on pulsewidth at constant fluence was evaluated.ResultsThe in vitro experiment showed that the size of the damage zone for similar hair follicles was pulsewidth‐independent over a very broad range of pulsewidths (30–400 ms). We formulated a new theory (extended theory of photothermolysis) to interpret the experimental results.ConclusionsBased on this new theory, the treatment pulsewidth for non‐uniformly pigmented targets is significantly longer than the target thermal relaxation time (TRT). The theory provides new recommendations for photoepilation and photosclerotherapy parameters. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:416–432, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Helium‐Neon laser irradiation of hepatocytes can trigger increase of the mitochondrial membrane potential and can stimulate c‐fos expression in a Ca2+‐dependent manner
Authors: Greco Margherita , Vacca Rosa A. , Moro Loredana , Perlino Elda , Petragallo Vito A. , Marra Ersilia , Passarella Salvatore 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTo gain some insight into the photostimulation of isolated hepatocytes irradiated with Helium‐Neon (He‐Ne) laser light certain biochemical events were studied with respect to two mechanisms: i) the direct light dependent activation of certain biochemical events investigated in intact cells and isolated mitochondria, ii) the indirect stimulation of processes per se light independent.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIrradiation of either isolated hepatocytes or isolated rat liver mitochondria was carried out with He‐Ne laser (wavelength, 632.8 nm; fluence, 0.24 J cm−2; fluence rate, 12 mW cm−2). Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential in isolated hepatocytes were monitored using the cationic probe safranine. The c‐fos expression was studied by Northern blot and immunoblot analysis.ResultsAs a result of irradiation, increase of the mitochondrial membrane potential was found to occur in irradiated hepatocytes both in the presence or in the absence of CaCl2. The hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane is assumed to cause an increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake that was measured in isolated mitochondria. Finally, an increase in c‐fos expression was found in irradiated hepatocytes when incubated in the presence of CaCl2.ConclusionThis paper gives additional information on the mechanism by which He‐Ne laser light, either directly or in a cascade‐like effect dependent on increase in cell Ca2+, can cause cell stimulation. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:433–441, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The psychology of deception in marketing: A conceptual framework for research and practice
Authors: Aditya Ram N. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe Federal Trade Commission's current policy statements on deceptive and unfair marketing practices are predicated primarily on economic considerations, ignoring the broader ramifications of trade policy for society as well as specific considerations with regard to the individual consumer. In part, this is due to the fact that research in this area has addressed only isolated aspects of the problem of deception in marketing. This article takes a pluralistic perspective on the issue in an attempt to stimulate research into hitherto unexplored avenues and provide a platform for future policy. The relevant psychological processes in consumer behavior are discussed in the light of product attributes and situational characteristics in a framework that takes into account the needs of the individual as well as the broader values of society. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Characterization of intact microorganisms by MALDI mass spectrometry
Authors: Fenselau Catherine , Demirev Plamen A. 
Published: October 2004

Abstract

I.
Introduction
157

II.
MALDI‐TOF Spectra of Biomarkers
158

III.
Instrumentation
158

IV.
Sample Introduction
160

V.
Preparation of Microorganism Samples for MALDI Analysis
161

VI.
Characterization of MALDI Biomarkers
162

VII.
Data Analysis: Fingerprint Libraries, Statistical Methods, Bioinformatics
163

VIII.
Applications
165

IX.
Summary and Envoi
166

Acknowledgments
166

References
166

The application of MALDI mass spectrometry to desorb protein biomarkers from intact viruses, bacteria, fungus, and spores is the focus of this review. Instrumentation, sample collection, sample preparation, and algorithms for data analysis are summarized. Optimally these analyses should be carried out in less than five minutes. Successful applications are discussed from biotechnology, cell biology, and the pharmaceutical industry. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 20:157–171, 2001
Cyclopentenone prostaglandins: New insights on biological activities and cellular targets
Authors: Straus Daniel S. , Glass Christopher K. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe cyclopentenone prostaglandins PGA2, PGA1, and PGJ2 are formed by dehydration within the cyclopentane ring of PGE2, PGE1, and PGD2. PGJ2 is metabolized further to yield Δ12‐PGJ2 and 15‐deoxy‐Δ12,14‐PGJ2 (15d‐PGJ2). Various compounds within the cyclopentenone prostaglandin family possess potent anti‐inflammatory, anti‐neoplastic, and anti‐viral activity. Most actions of the cyclopentenone prostaglandins do not appear to be mediated by binding to G‐protein coupled prostanoid receptors. Rather, the bioactivity of these compounds results from their interaction with other cellular target proteins. 15‐deoxy‐Δ12,14‐PGJ2 is a high affinity ligand for the nuclear receptor PPARγ and modulates gene transcription by binding to this receptor. Other activities of the cyclopentenone prostaglandins are mediated by the reactive α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl group located in the cyclopentenone ring. The transcription factor NF‐κB and its activating kinase are key targets for the anti‐inflammatory activity of 15d‐PGJ2, which inhibits NF‐κB‐mediated transcriptional activation by PPARγ‐dependent and independent molecular mechanisms. Other cyclopentenone prostaglandins, such as Δ7‐PGA1 and Δ12‐PGJ2, have strong anti‐tumor activity. These compounds induce cell cycle arrest or apoptosis of tumor cells depending on the cell type and treatment conditions. We review here recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of action of the cyclopentenone prostaglandins and their possible use as therapeutic agents. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 21, No. 3, 185–210, 2001
Temporal frequency analysis of dynamic MRI techniques
Authors: Wu Yijing , Alexander Andrew L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDynamic imaging strategies often involve updating certain areas of k‐space (i.e., the low spatial frequencies) more frequently than others. However, important dynamic signal changes may occur anywhere in k‐space. In this study, a dynamic k‐space sampling analysis method was developed to determine the energy error associated with specific dynamic sampling strategies. The method uses the temporal power spectrum of k‐space signals to determine the level and k‐space locations of sampling errors. The proposed method was used to compare two dynamic sampling strategies (full sequential and keyhole) for a dynamic first‐pass bolus simulation and a continuous heart imaging study. The error analysis agreed well with the errors in the reconstructed images. The technique can be used to determine the minimum sampling frequency for any location in the k‐space, and may ultimately be used to optimize dynamic sampling strategies. Magn Reson Med 45:550–556, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physiological noise in oxygenation‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Krüger Gunnar , Glover Gary H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe physiological noise in the resting brain, which arises from fluctuations in metabolic‐linked brain physiology and subtle brain pulsations, was investigated in six healthy volunteers using oxygenation‐sensitive dual‐echo spiral MRI at 3.0 T. In contrast to the system and thermal noise, the physiological noise demonstrates a signal strength dependency and, unique to the metabolic‐linked noise, an echo‐time dependency. Variations of the MR signal strength by changing the flip angle and echo time allowed separation of the different noise components and revealed that the physiological noise at 3.0 T (1) exceeds other noise sources and (2) is significantly greater in cortical gray matter than in white matter regions. The SNR in oxygenation‐sensitive MRI is predicted to saturate at higher fields, suggesting that noise measurements of the resting brain at 3.0 T and higher may provide a sensitive probe of functional information. Magn Reson Med 46:631–637, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
4D deformation modeling of cortical disease progression in Alzheimer's dementia
Authors: Janke Andrew L. , Zubicaray Greig de , Rose Stephen E. , Griffin Mark , Chalk Jonathan B. , Galloway Graham J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis work describes the development of a model of cerebral atrophic changes associated with the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Linear registration, region‐of‐interest analysis, and voxel‐based morphometry methods have all been employed to elucidate the changes observed at discrete intervals during a disease process. In addition to describing the nature of the changes, modeling disease‐related changes via deformations can also provide information on temporal characteristics. In order to continuously model changes associated with AD, deformation maps from 21 patients were averaged across a novelz‐score disease progression dimension based on Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. The resulting deformation maps are presented via three metrics: local volume loss (atrophy), volume (CSF) increase, and translation (interpreted as representing collapse of cortical structures). Inspection of the maps revealed significant perturbations in the deformation fields corresponding to the entorhinal cortex (EC) and hippocampus, orbitofrontal and parietal cortex, and regions surrounding the sulci and ventricular spaces, with earlier changes predominantly lateralized to the left hemisphere. These changes are consistent with results from post‐mortem studies of AD. Magn Reson Med 46:661–666, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative proton MR spectroscopic imaging of normal human cerebellum and brain stem
Authors: Jacobs Michael A. , Horská Alena , van Zijl Peter C.M. , Barker Peter B. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractQuantitative, multislice proton MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) was used to investigate regional metabolite levels and ratios in the normal adult human posterior fossa. Six normal volunteers (36 ± 3 years, five male, one female) were scanned on a 1.5 T scanner using multislice MRSI at long echo time (TE 280 msec). The entire cerebellum was covered using three oblique‐axial slice locations, which also included the pons, mid‐brain, insular cortex, and parieto‐occipital lobe. Concentrations of N‐acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and creatine (Cr) were estimated using the phantom replacement technique. Regional variations of the concentrations were assessed using ANOVA (P < 0.05). High‐resolution MRSI data was obtained in all subjects and brain regions examined. Metabolite concentrations (mM) (mean ± SD) were as follows: cerebellar vermis: 2.3 ± 0.4, 8.8 ± 1.7 and 7.6 ± 1.0 for Cho, Cr, and NAA respectively; cerebellar hemisphere: 2.2 ± 0.6, 8.9 ± 2.1, 7.5 ± 0.8; pons 2.2 ± 0.5, 4.3 ± 1.1, 8.3 ± 0.9; insular cortex, 1.8 ± 0.5, 7.8 ± 2, 8.0 ± 1.1, parieto‐occipital gray matter, 1.3 ± 0.3, 5.7 ± 1.1, 7.2 ± 0.9, and occipital white matter, 1.4 ± 0.3, 5.3 ± 1.3, 7.5 ± 0.8. Consistent with previous reports, significantly higher levels of Cr were found in the cerebellum compared to parieto‐occipital gray and occipital white matter, and pons (P < 0.0001). NAA was essentially uniformly distributed within the regions chosen for analysis, with the highest level in the pons (P < 0.04). Cho was significantly higher in the cerebellum and pons than parieto‐occipital gray and occipital white matter (P < 0.002) and was also higher in the pons than in the insular cortex (P < 0.05). Quantitative multislice MRSI of the posterior fossa is feasible and significant regional differences in metabolite concentrations were found. Magn Reson Med 46:699–705, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Observed BOLD effects on cerebral metabolite resonances in human visual cortex during visual stimulation: A functional 1H MRS study at 4 T
Authors: Zhu Xiao‐Hong , Chen Wei 
Published: October 2004

AbstractUsing the localized spin‐echo 1H MRS technique, the water resonance and methyl resonance peaks of the cerebral metabolites N‐acetylaspartate (NAA at 2.0 ppm) and phosphocreatine/creatine (Cr at 3.0 ppm) were studied in the human visual cortex to detect and quantify the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) effect during visual stimulation at 4 T. Significant BOLD effects, which reflect the increases of spectral peak height (H) accompanied by the decreases of spectral linewidth (Δυ1/2), were observed in NAA (H: 2.5%; Δυ1/2: −1.7%) and Cr (H: 3.1%; Δυ1/2: −1.8%) as well as in water (H: 3.1%; Δυ1/2: −2.3%). Because NAA and Cr mainly exist in the brain cells, the BOLD effects on these cerebral metabolite resonances only measure the susceptibility component spreading into the extravascular cellular compartment. In contrast, water is affected in the intra‐ and the extravascular compartments. Therefore, the water signal measures the BOLD effects in both compartments. BOLD responses in water were similar to those observed in metabolites. The similarity indicates that the susceptibility spreading into the extravascular parenchyma contributed significantly to the observed BOLD effects at 4 T. Finally, taking advantage of the higher NMR sensitivity at 4 T, the feasibility of measuring BOLD effects on cerebral metabolites by localized 1H MRS is demonstrated. Magn Reson Med 46:841–847, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Manganese‐enhanced MRI of mouse heart during changes in inotropy†
Authors: Hu Tom C.‐C. , Pautler Robia G. , MacGowan Guy A. , Koretsky Alan P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractRecently the dual properties of manganese ion (Mn2+) as an MRI contrast agent and a calcium analogue to enter excitable cells has been used to mark specific cells in brain and as a potential intracellular cardiac contrast agent. Here the hypothesis that in vivo manganese‐enhanced MRI (MEMRI) can detect changes in inotropy in the mouse heart has been tested. T1‐weighted images were acquired every minute during an experimental time course of 75 min. Varying doses of Mn2+ (3.3–14.0 nmoles/min/g BW) were infused during control and altered inotropy with dobutamine (positive inotropy due to increased calcium influx) and the calcium channel blocker diltiazem (negative inotropy). Infusion of MnCl2 led to a significant increase in signal enhancement in mouse heart that saturated above 3.3 ± 0.1 nmoles/min/g BW Mn2+ infusion. At the highest Mn2+ dose infused there was a 41–47% increase in signal intensity with no alteration in cardiac function as measured by MRI‐determined ejection fractions. Dobutamine increased both the steady‐state level of enhancement and the rate of MRI signal enhancement. Diltiazem decreased both the steady‐state level of enhancement and the rate of MRI signal enhancement. These results are consistent with the model that Mn2+‐induced enhancement of cardiac signal is indicative of the rate of calcium influx into the heart. Thus, the simultaneous measurement of global function and calcium influx using MEMRI may provide a useful method of evaluating in vivo responses to inotropic therapy. Magn Reson Med 46:884–890, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Water and lipid MRI of the Xenopus oocyte
Authors: Sehy Jonathan V. , Ackerman Joseph J.H. , Neil Jeffrey J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractOocytes of Xenopus laevis are large, single cells that provide a promising model system for the exploration of the MR biophysics fundamental to more complex living systems. Previous studies have generally employed 2D spin‐echo sequences with an image slice thickness greater than the thickness of the cellular volumes of interest. Also, the large cytoplasmic lipid signal has typically been ignored. This study describes separate, high‐resolution 3D measurements of the water and lipid spin densities, T1 and T2 relaxation time constants, and the water apparent diffusion rate constant (ADC) in the Xenopus oocyte without significant partial volume artifacts. The lipid spin‐density and values for water MR properties varied monotonically from the vegetal to animal poles, indicating that the border between the poles is not sharply demarcated. Regional water MR property values correlated with lipid signal intensity. Lipid‐specific imaging is shown for which water suppression is achieved via high diffusion weighting in the imaging sequence. Magn Reson Med 46:900–906, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.