bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN KOORDINASI MATA-KAKI DAN KELINCAHAN DENGAN KEMAMPUAN DRIBLING PEMAIN SEPAK BOLA SSB GUNUNG TUNGGAL TARAM KECAMATAN HARAU 50 KOTA
Authors: .Faruqi Habil , Putra Aldo Naza 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The problem in this study is that the players' dribbling skills are still not good, it is suspected that it is caused by internal factors, namely the players' physical condition. These physical condition factors include agility, balance, leg muscle strength, leg muscle explosive power, eye-foot coordination, foot contact with the ball and so on. Researchers suspect that the physical condition factor that is considered the most dominant has a relationship and influences the dribbling ability variable, namely eye-foot coordination and player agility. This study aims to reveal the causes of the problems that led to a decline in achievement for the Gunung Tunggal FC Football School (SSB) players, Harau District, 50 Kota District.
The purpose of this study was to determine the ability level of speed and ankle coordination on dribbling abilities in Gunung Tunggal FC Football School (SSB) players, Harau District, 50 Kota District. The data collection method uses a test survey method. The data obtained were analyzed using quantitative descriptive statistical analysis. The population of this study were students of the Football School (SSB) Gunung Tunggal FC,
Harau District, 50 Kota District. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, namely 26 SSB players. Data collection was carried out by measuring agility variables using the Illinois Agility Run Test, eye and foot coordination tests using the Eye-Foot Coordination Test/kicking the ball to a specified target and dribbling tests using the Dribbling Test.
Data processing using multiple correlation There is a significant relationship between agility and Dribbling ability tcount 9.78 > t table 1.72 and r = 0.89. There is a significant relationship between eye and foot coordination on Dribbling ability, the results of calculating t count 5.79 > t table 1.72 and r = 0.76. Agility and Coordination of the eyes and feet on Dribbling ability From the results of data analysis obtained Fcount 10.78 > Ftable, there is a significant relationship between Agility and Coordination of Eyes and Feet together with Dribbling with Rcount = 1.46

Keyword : Agility, Ankle, Dribble, Soccer
SURVEI KONDISI FISIK PEMAIN SEPAK BOLA SMAN PLUS SUKOWONO JEMBER
Authors: Karomi Tanzil , Sulaiman Ahmad , Apriliyanto Rizki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Football is the most popular sport in the world, including in Jember Regency. The number of football schools (SSB) is one proof. Not only that, many schools have football teams through extracurricular activities including SMAN Plus Sukowono Jember. The football achievements of SMAN Plus Sukowono Jember decreased from 2022 to 2023. Tests and measurements of the physical condition of players have not been carried out in the last two years. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical condition of the cardiopulmonary endurance of SMAN Plus Sukowono Jember players using the Multistage Fitness Test (MFT). This method uses a descriptive quantitative approach using test and measurement techniques. The population of football players SMAN Plus Sukowono Jember with total sampling. However, when data collection was only 14 players because some had graduated and could not attend. The results of the MFT on 14 players of SMAN Pluis Suikowono Jeimbeir above, can be described that there are no players in the superior, very good and good categories (0%), 3 players in the sufficient category (21.4%), 5 players in the less category (35.7%), 6 players in the very less category (42.9%). Thus, none of the players are categorised as above sufficient. That is, a conclusion can be drawn based on the very poor average VO2Max of 34.9 ml/kg/min.
Keywords: football; physical condition; vo2max
Evaluation of Nutritional Needs of Intensive Care Unit Patients by Clinical Pharmacists
Authors: ÇAKIR Ahmet , MEMİŞ Hasan , GÜN Zeynep Ülkü 
Published: February 2024

Malnutrition in intensive care unit (ICU) patients affects disease progression and prolongs hospital stays. In this study, it was aimed to present the recommendations of clinical pharmacists in terms of nutrition in ICU patients.
This study was conducted in the ICU between November 2022 and January 2023. Clinical pharmacists provided nutritional advice to patients according to current guidelines. Basal energy expenditure was calculated using the Harris-Benedict formula, and the most appropriate nutritional product was selected for the patients. Descriptive analyses were performed with SPSS v27.0.
According to the reasons, the recommendation rates were categorized as feeding started (9,86%), feeding stopped (1,41%), feeding dose increased-reduced (28,17%), protein amount increased-reduced (35,21%), management of nutritional side effects (15,49%), and changes in administration (9,86%).
Enema (54.54%) for constipation, prokinetic metoclopramide (36.36%), and discontinuation of parenteral nutrition due to hyperglycemia (9.09%) were recommended for the management of nutrition-related side effects. Examples of suggestions and explanations made regarding the nutritional status of the patients were given.
In this study, recommendations were made for most ICU patients to eat more calories and protein. To avoid adverse effects, patients reached their calorie targets gradually. Clinical pharmacists can work with other healthcare professionals to prevent malnutrition-related problems.
STRATEGI SUPERVISI KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Arrochman Ichromsyah 
Published: February 2024

One of the programs that can be held to improve the quality of learning is the implementation of assistance to teachers or better known as supervision. The Principal as an educational leader in the school has a duty in the field of supervision. and the purpose of this study is to determine the Principal's Supervision Strategy in improving the performance of Islamic Education teachers at SDN 08 Indralaya.
The type of research used in conducting this research is a type of field research, which is a research process that produces qualitative descriptive data. Data collection techniques with observation, interviews, and documentation. While data analysis techniques through data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing. As well as data validity techniques by triangulating sources, techniques and time.
The results of the study, namely, the Principal's Supervision Strategy in Improving the Performance of Islamic Education Teachers at SDN 08 Indralaya is good and in accordance with academic supervision techniques starting from planning the preparation of academic supervision programs and preparing schedules for the implementation of academic supervision. The preparation of this program was carried out at the beginning of the year and assisted by several senior teachers. Furthermore, the implementation of academic supervision using individual supervision techniques through class visits, class observations and group supervision techniques such as meetings and group discussions to supervise teacher performance at SDN 08 Indralaya and the last stage is the evaluation of academic supervision carried out at the end of each semester with the aim of measuring the success rate of a strategy or academic supervision technique carried out.
Law and discretion in monetary policy and in the banking union: Complexity between high politics and administration
Authors: Mendes Joana 
Published: February 2024

The controversy over the degree of judicial review of monetary policy decisions triggered by the contrasting Weiss judgments of the German Federal Constitutional Court and of the Court of Justice of the European Union invites an inquiry into the role of law in areas characterized by a high degree of political and technical complexity. This article singles out the structural conditions that qualify complexity in specific instances of decision-making: prognostic assessments, goal-oriented decisions, marked by uncertainty, legal indeterminacy, and discretion. These traits characterize both monetary policy decisions and some regulatory decisions taken within the banking union, such as the setting of minimum requirements for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL) and the calculation of the leverage ratios of credit institutions (Livret A judgments). Irrespective of the very distinct formal-institutional legal frameworks of these two policy fields, in those conditions legality may be determined by the discretionary choices of the decision-maker. For this reason, they impact the court’s deployment of legal principles, namely proportionality and careful and impartial examination. This cross-sector comparison sheds light on the relative specificity of monetary policy, and leads to rejecting the transposition of a distinction between “high politics” and “ordinary administration” to EU law, as a means of both explaining and guiding different degrees of judicial review in conditions of complexity. The different constitutional relevance of monetary policy decisions and of “ordinary” banking supervision requires not a distinction that can rationalize judicial review, but a full consideration of the role that the law must have in supporting non-judicial accountability.
judicial review of administrative discretion, complex technical and economic assessments, monetary policy, proportionality, banking union, principle of careful and impartial examination
VAT as a Policy Instrument in the European Union A legal framework for pursuing policy objectives in VAT law
Authors: Schreier Nora , Anderwald Anna 
Published: February 2024

The desire to raise revenue efficiently, and in some cases, change behaviour and economic activity are at the heart of a shift towards the use and incidence of consumption taxes’.
Although VAT is mainly a source of state and EU revenue, VAT law is increasingly used as an instrument to pursue various policy objectives. Due to its design as an indirect tax, however, VAT is subject to limitations regarding its ability to achieve both distributional and behavioural effects. The aim of this paper is to identify the legal framework for pursuing policy objectives in VAT law from a European Union law perspective. Since the actual effects of policy instruments within VAT law depend on extra-legal circumstances, such as economic and behavioural factors, this paper contributes to the discussion on evidence-based legislative processes. It concludes with suggestions for the legislator regarding both a suitability assessment ex ante as well as an evaluation ex post.
VAT, policy instrument, VAT exemptions, reduced VAT rate, behavioural effects, distributional effects, ability-to-pay, indirect tax, principle of equal treatment, policy goals
Sustainable and Just Deep-Sea Mining for the Energy Green Transition: A Conundrum Without Legal, Governance or Technological Solutions. The Case of the EU
Authors: Cassotta Sandra , Goodsite Michael 
Published: February 2024

In January 2023 the International Seabed Authority (ISA), an intergovernmental organization established under the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) granted already thirty contracts for exploration of Deep Seabed Mining, but exploitation has not started yet because ISA has not finalized its regulations, expected in 2025. This article intends to address to what extent is the current deep Seabed mining regime factoring risks and uncertainties in a just and sustainable manner in the current legal framework on environmental liability embedded in the green energy transition’s processes with the EU as case study and enquiry if there are baseline or best practice to learn from. It unravels which type of precautionary approach fits and is just. Deep Seabed Mining is also a social justice, ethical dilemma demanding equitable and share solutions to the benefit of current and future generations because activities of this kind can destroy ecosystems that can take decades to regenerate, if not causing irreversible damage. Law and technology, but also technology will be crucial as new methods guaranteeing an “environmental benign Deep Seabed Mining” will determine how liability law will be shaped.
Deep Seabed Mining Environmental Liability, Precautionary approach; Sustainable Green Transition, Natural Extraction Law, Critical Minerals, Sustainable Development, Sustainable Ocean Law and Governance, Environmental Justice, Deep Seabed Law, Law and Technology
Quaternary Law in EU Electricity Regulation: Stretching Meroni too Far?
Authors: Rumpf Julius 
Published: February 2024

In the European electricity sector, the delegation of rule-making has literally reached the next level. Socalled ‘methodologies’, legally binding rules developed between private electricity companies and specialized regulatory agencies, constitute a vast and growing body of ‘quaternary law’. The methodologies and their unique features raise numerous interesting questions for scholars of EU law, but they remain severely underresearched. This is regrettable, since the methodologies illustrate another pressing issue related to the delegation of rule-making: the fuzzy legal boundaries to delegation. These follow from the European Court of Justice’s (ECJ’s) non-delegation, or Meroni doctrine, which however seems to be subject to a creeping maceration. As the methodologies show, the resulting legal uncertainty encourages ever-bolder models of delegation, raising grave constitutional concerns. At the same time, the methodologies illustrate a need for delegated rule-making in technical sectors, such as electricity. The argument of this article is that the ECJ should therefore revise the Meroni doctrine to restore legal certainty with respect to delegation, while also respecting the requirements of regulatory reality. This article discusses possible approaches and proposes a starting point for a ‘Meroni doctrine 2.0ʹ.
Meroni doctrine, non-delegation doctrine, tertiary law, quaternary law, electricity market integration, ACER, Clean Energy Package, European network codes and guidelines, terms, conditions and methodologies
Who is really affected by European Union terrorist sanctions? A Critical Study on ‘Proximity’ in EU Case Law
Authors: Lonardo Luigi , Datzer Veronika , Walde Shanti 
Published: February 2024

The European Union (EU) adopts restrictive measures – or sanctions – as part of its counterterrorism strategy. These measures restrict the fundamental rights of the natural or legal persons they target and can be challenged in front of the General Court or the European Court of Justice (the CJEU).
Drawing from both legal scholarship and security studies, this article refines an analytical framework that enables an original analysis of the case law of the CJEU: we focus on ‘proximity’, an element so far neglected in the analysis of counter-terrorism sanctions. Proximity is the variable measuring the distance between the addressee of a measure from the actual commission of a terrorist act. Such a variable provides the analytical framework through which to test the hypotheses and findings proposed in the last decade by previous studies.
Such findings are mostly confirmed by our interdisciplinary analysis, but nuanced. While it is true that sanctions lead to a process of othering and stigmatization, the Court has introduced some meaningful procedural safeguards that contribute to protecting the fundamental rights of individuals, especially in the case of family members of suspected terrorists. Not dissimilarly from what was noted about judicial protection in other sanctions regimes, however, tensions remain in how to ensure effective substantive, as opposed to merely procedural, protection to sanctions addressees.
Terrorism, EU restrictive measures, Court of Justice of the European Union, fundamental rights, judicial protection
Make It Stringent: A Plea for an Unfair Terms Regulation
Authors: Busch Danny , Lehmann Matthias 
Published: February 2024

The Unfair Terms Directive (UTD) is one of the most important pieces of EU private law, yet its understanding and implementation in the Member States is quite diverse. Despite the abundance of preliminary rulings on the Directive, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has not managed to bring uniformity into its interpretation. The main reason is the legislative form chosen, which is that of a directive, allowing Member States very wide discretion in transposing its rules into their national law. This has given rise to sharp differences between Member State laws. The result is uncertainty, legal fragmentation, and an uneven playing field in the Union.To remedy this situation, we suggest a recast of the UTD and its transformation into a regulation. This would have several benefits. First, the scope, depth and the effects of unfair terms control would be the same in all Member States. Second, the Court of Justice of the European Union would no longer have to take account of the complex background of the different national laws when responding to references for preliminary rulings; instead, it could directly declare a certain clause as being incompatible with the Regulation and decide on its consequences. Third, the Annex of the Directive could be made binding, which would further enhance legal certainty and the effectiveness of the control. Finally, as the Regulation would fully harmonize the standard of unfair terms control, with the result that clauses compatible with it could be used throughout the Union, without any risk of running afoul of national law. This would give a boost to the integration of the Internal Market.
Changes and Reactions in the Fundamental Issues of Hungarian Company Law – Contributions to International Trends in Legal Regulation, Liability and Corporate Governance1
Authors: Pap Tekla , Auer Ádám 
Published: February 2024

Throughout the first decades of the 21st century there have been numerous traditional and modern impacts on Hungarian company law. As a result of the codification of Hungarian civil law, the Civil Code of 2013 incorporated the previously effective substantive legal regulations of company law. Prior to this, Hungarian company law had undergone several modifications, beginning with the change of regime in 1989, through the years of its preparation to join the European Union, and during the initial phases of digitalization. Some more recent influences are, on the one hand, either international in origin (for instance: corporate governance, compliance), or, on the other hand, approaches taken from the legal debates on company law, which have evolved with the development of the law. Modern results demand both reconsideration and synthesis, in order to enable company law to fulfil its duties and achieve its purpose.
Company law, corporate governance, mandatory and default rules, liability of director, liability of member, Hungary, Hungarian Civil Code, comply or explain, invalidity of memorandum of association, business association.
Litigating the Algorithmic Boss in the EU: A (Legally) Feasible and (Strategically) Attractive Option for Trade Unions?
Authors: Gaudio Giovanni 
Published: February 2024

Workers subject to algorithmic management, both in platform work and in conventional employment settings, often face a justice gap in enforcing their rights, due to the opacity characterizing most automated algorithmic decision-making processes. This paper argues that trade unions are in a more favourable position than individual workers to fill this justice gap through litigation, especially when collective redress mechanisms are available. However, this becomes possible only when the legal system is favourable to this type of litigation. This article analyses three legal domains at EU level where justiciable rights are more likely to be violated through algorithmic management devices, in order to assess whether it is legally feasible for trade unions to promote algorithmic litigation under EU law.
Even when the legal framework is conducive to this type of litigation, it cannot be automatically expected that trade unions will more frequently resort to it to better enforce the rights of workers subject to algorithmic management devices. Previous research shows that trade unions are traditionally keen on turning to litigation only when they are able to link it to their broader strategies. This paper claims that this may be the case against employers using algorithmic management. For trade unions, resorting to litigation can be strategically instrumental not only to fulfil the legal purpose of alleviating the justice gap faced by workers through a better ex post enforcement of their rights, but also to achieve the meta-legal purpose of mobilizing them and the para-legal purpose of strengthening collective bargaining, especially considering that this would constitute an effective means to induce stronger ex ante compliance.
Algorithmic Management, Platform Work, Algorithmic Transparency, Algorithmic Discrimination, Employment Protection, Data Protection, Trade Unions, Algorithmic Litigation, Collective Redress, Legal Mobilization, Collective Bargaining
The Requirement of Fair Negotiation (Gebot des fairen Verhandelns) and the Principle of Undue Influence in German and US Employment Law
Authors: Michels Hannah 
Published: February 2024

In its decisions of 24 February 2022 and 7 February 2019, the German Federal Labour Court (BAG) ruled that German labour courts should take into account whether a breach of the requirement of fair negotiation had occurred in assessing the validity of termination agreements. The Court thereby aimed to improve the protection of employees who have been improperly pressured by their employer into concluding a termination agreement. Arguably, the principle of undue influence in US contract law fulfils a comparable function. This article analyses the BAG decision then addresses the question of the comparability of the legal concepts. Since the concept and scope of undue influence are not easy to grasp, the definition in US case law and the practical application of the legal concept are analysed. Based on this analysis, the article considers whether a US civil court would have decided the BAG case in the same way. The article concludes that the principles in German and American law lead to similar outcomes.
Requirement of Fair Negotiation, Undue Influence, German Labour Court, US Contract Law, US Civil Courts
Regulating Platform Work in the UK and Italy: Politics, Law and Political Economy
Authors: Bertolini Alessio 
Published: February 2024

The advent of the platform economy gives rise to an important challenge for existing systems of labour law across the world. Different countries are reacting to this common challenge with various legislative measures, ranging from accommodation to re-regulation. This paper analyses the policy response to the spread of platform work in the UK and Italy, countries with quite different labour law frameworks as well as contrasting political and regulatory institutions. These two countries have responded differently to the advent of the platform economy. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the paper draws on theories from political science and comparative political economy to explain the different regulatory outcomes observed. Specifically, it is argued that policy and legislative outcomes can be explained by the relative power of political actors and interest groups which are shaped, in turn, by the national system of political parties and the existing industrial relations frameworks.
Platform or Gig Economy, Platform Work, Law and Political Economy, Power Resources