bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2‐Bromophospholide Ions: Synthesis and Theoretical Study
Authors: Deschamps Eliane , Mathey François 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDFT calculations at the B3 LYP/6–311++G(3df,2p) level indicate that the 2‐bromophospholide ion could be stable toward self‐arylation as a result of the lowered nucleophilicity of the in‐plane phosphorus lone pair (the corresponding σP orbital is lowered by 0.7 eV compared with the corresponding orbital of the parent phospholide ion, and the negative charge at P is reduced from −0.435 to −0.369 e). Accordingly, the synthesis of 2‐bromo‐3,4‐dimethylphospholide was successfully carried out by quantitative base‐induced dealkylation of 2‐bromo‐1‐(2‐ethoxycarbonylethyl)‐3,4‐dimethylphosphole. This ion reacts with FeCl2 to give the corresponding 2,2′‐dibromo‐3,3′,4,4′‐tetramethyl‐1,1′‐diphosphaferrocene as a poorly stable mixture of meso‐ and rac‐diastereomers in 18 % yield.
Connexin45 mediates gap junctional coupling of bistratified ganglion cells in the mouse retina
Authors: Schubert Timm , Maxeiner Stephan , Krüger Olaf , Willecke Klaus , Weiler Reto 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDirection selectivity, a key feature of visual perception, originates in the retina and is transmitted by bistratified ganglion cells that, in the rabbit retina, exhibit a particular coupling pattern. We intracellularly labeled ganglion cells in different transgenic mouse lines, allowing a morphological classification of bistratified ganglion cells, an analysis of their coupling pattern, and the molecular identification of the connexins responsible for the coupling. Based on dendritic characteristics including co‐fasciculation with the dendrites of cholinergic starburst amacrine cells, we were able to distinguish three types of bistratified ganglion cells. Two of these co‐fasciculate with starburst amacrine cells and exhibit a specific homologous coupling pattern. Connexin45 (Cx45) appears to be the major component of the gap junctional channels because tracer coupling is absent in Cx45‐deficient animals whereas it persists in Cx36‐deficient animals. It is speculated that the transjunctional voltage dependence of Cx45 channels could support the transmission of direction selectivity. J. Comp. Neurol. 490:29–39, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synapse composition and organization following chronic activity blockade in cultured hippocampal neurons
Authors: Harms Kimberly J. , Craig Ann Marie 
Published: July 2005

AbstractActivity plays multiple roles in the expression of synaptic plasticity, and has been shown to regulate the localization of both neurotransmitter receptors and downstream signaling machinery. However, the role of activity in central synapse formation and organization is incompletely understood. Some studies indicate that synapse formation can occur in the absence of synaptic activity, while others indicate that activity is required for synapse maintenance and receptor recruitment. In addition, the effects of long‐term blockade of transmission generally, rather than blockade of specific receptors, on postsynaptic protein complement has been poorly characterized. In order to address the role of activity in synapse formation and postsynaptic specialization, we used tetanus toxin to chronically cleave VAMP2 and inhibit SNARE‐mediated neurotransmitter release in cultured hippocampal neurons. Although these neurons are deficient in synaptic release, they are of normal size and morphology. In addition, both excitatory and inhibitory synapses form along their processes with normal density. These synapses have a remarkably similar cellular and molecular organization compared to controls, and are capable of recruiting postsynaptic scaffolding proteins, GABA, and glutamate receptors. Subcellular enrichment of synaptic proteins into specialized domains also appears intact. These data indicate that global activity inhibition is insufficient to disrupt central synapse formation or organization. J. Comp. Neurol. 490:72–84, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental modifications of olivocerebellar topography: The granuloprival cerebellum reveals multiple routes from the inferior olive
Authors: Fournier Betty , Lohof Ann M. , Bower Adrian J. , Mariani Jean , Sherrard Rachel M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractCorrect function of neural circuits depends on highly organized neuronal connections, refined from less precise projections through synaptic elimination, collateral regression, or neuronal death. We examined regressive phenomena that define olivocerebellar topography during maturation from Purkinje cell polyinnervation to monoinnervation. We used bilateral retrograde tracing to determine the source of olivocerebellar afferents to posterior vermis lobules VII–VIII in a model of retained immature Purkinje cell polyinnervation, the granuloprival cerebellum. In controls, labelled neurons were found only in the contralateral inferior olive (ION) clustered in a small ventromedial locus that is congruent with known olivocerebellar topography. In granuloprival animals, olivary labelling appeared more dispersed and was present in homologous ipsilateral regions. Double‐labelled neurons were never seen. Retrograde tracing following unilateral olivocerebellar transection in adult granuloprival rats revealed: 1) the origin of the normal (remaining) path projecting through the contralateral inferior peduncle was more localized than in irradiated nonpedunculotomized rats, 2) a small double‐crossed path, and 3) a projection that ascends the peduncle ipsilateral to the ION of origin, part of which crosses the midline within the cerebellum. Electrophysiological and immunohistochemical assessment in the neonatal cerebellum revealed that transcommissural paths are not present during development but sprout within the irradiated cerebellum. Therefore, the olivocerebellar projection in the granuloprival rat, as a model of the immature path, shows parasagittal organization similar to that of controls in its normally crossed path but possesses additional abnormal projections. Thus, maturation of olivocerebellar topography involves removal of whole developmental paths to define laterality plus synapse elimination within largely predefined parasagittal zones. J. Comp. Neurol. 490:85–97, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel insect orcokinins: Characterization and neuronal distribution in the brains of selected dicondylian insects
Authors: Hofer Sabine , Dircksen Heinrich , Tollbäck Petter , Homberg Uwe 
Published: July 2005

AbstractOrcokinins are a family of myotropic neuropeptides identified in various decapod crustaceans and recently in a cockroach. Their presence in the crustacean nervous system and hemolymph suggests that they act as hormones and as locally acting neuromodulators. To provide further evidence for the existence of orcokinins in insects, we identified a novel orcokinin‐related peptide in the locust Schistocerca gregaria and used an antiserum against Asn13‐orcokinin for immunostaining in the brains of selected dicondylian insects, including a silverfish, three polyneopteran species (a cockroach and two locusts), and three endopterygote species (a moth, a bee, and a fly). As analyzed by MALDI‐TOF spectrometry and nanoelectrospray Q‐TOF, the locust orcokinin is a novel tetradecapeptide with striking sequence similarity to crustacean orcokinins. Orcokinin immunostaining was widespread and occurred in similar patterns in the brain of the silverfish and the polyneopteran species. Prominent immunostaining was detected in the optic lobe, especially in the medulla and in the accessory medulla, in local interneurons of the antennal lobe, and in extrinsic and intrinsic mushroom‐body neurons. All parts of the central complex and many other areas of the brains were densely stained. In the silverfish, the cockroach, and the locusts, processes in the corpora cardiaca showed orcokinin immunoreactivity, suggesting that orcokinins also serve a hormonal role. In contrast to the case in polyneopteran species, immunostaining was completely lacking in the brains of the honeybee, fruitfly, and sphinx moth. This indicates that orcokinins either are modified considerably or may be completely absent in the brains of endopterygote insects. J. Comp. Neurol. 490:57–71, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dietary fat, fatty acid composition and risk of cancer
Authors: Gerber Mariette , Thiébaut Anne , Astorg Pierre , Clavel‐Chapelon Françoise , Combe Nicole 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe relationship between dietary fat, fatty acids and cancers has been debated for a long time. The difficulty to disentangle the effects of specific nutrients, in a particular food or from a similar food pattern, from one another partly explains this. In addition, the complex interaction between nutrients at the different stages of carcinogenesis has contributed to the uncertainty of cause‐and‐effect. Finally, methodological considerations have also played a role in this debate. However, the knowledge and understanding of the role of dietary fat in cancer has progressed. Factors related to a high energy intake, such as obesity, are probable if not convincing risk factors for several cancers. Therefore, epidemiological findings tend to suggest that dietary fatty acids increase the risk of cancer. This is especially so for the least oxidisable, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturatedn‐6 fatty acids and especially linoleic acid, which reproducibly enhances tumour incidence and growth in animal models, do not appear to have the same effects in humans. Interaction with other nutrients, such asn‐3 fatty acids and antioxidants, may explain this apparent contradiction. The major question yet unanswered and deserving more studies is the relation betweenn‐3 fatty acids (especially α‐linolenic acid) and prostate cancer. Progress in this area requires more complete food composition data and other experimental models of carcinogenesis.
“In‐gel patch electrophoresis:” A new method for environmental DNA purification
Authors: Roh Changhyun , Villatte Francois , Kim Byung‐Gee , Schmid Rolf D. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMost of the microorganism species are largely untapped and could represent an interesting reservoir of genes useful for biotechnological applications. Unfortunately, a major difficulty associated with the methods used to isolate environmental DNA is related to the contamination of the extracted material with humic substances. These polyphenolic compounds inhibit the DNA processing reactions and severely impede cloning procedures. In this work, we describe a rapid, simple, and efficient method for the purification of genomic DNA from environmental samples: we added a chromatography step directly embedded into an agarose gel electrophoresis. This strategy enabled the DNA extraction from various environmental samples and it appeared that the purity grade was compatible with digestion by restriction enzymes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications.
Analyses of phenolic compounds by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Huang Hsi‐Ya , Lien Wei‐Chih 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn this study, a microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) method was developed to analyze and detect 13 phenolic compounds (syringic acid, p‐cumaric acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, (+)‐catechin, (−)‐epigallocatechin, (−)‐epicatechin gallate, (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate, (−)‐epicatechin, and (−)‐gallocatechin), which are present in many plant‐derived foods. The effects of cosurfactant, organic modifier, and oil were examined in order to optimize the separation of these phenolic compounds. The amounts of cosurfactant (cyclohexanol) and organic modifier (acetonitrile) were determined as the major influence on the separation selectivity, while the type of oil partially affected the separation resolution of the phenolic compounds. A highly efficient MEEKC separation method was achieved within 14 min by using a microemulsion solution of pH 2.0 containing 2.89% w/v SDS, 1.36% w/v heptane, 7.66% w/v cyclohexanol, and 2% w/v ACN. Furthermore, the present work could demonstrate that the nature of the oil phase has a significant influence on the separation selectivity of phenolic compounds.
A family of single‐isomer positively charged cyclodextrins as chiral selectors for capillary electrophoresis: Mono‐6A‐butylammonium‐6A‐deoxy‐β‐cyclodextrin tosylate
Authors: Tang Weihua , Muderawan I Wayan , Ong Teng Teng , Ng Siu‐Choon 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA novel single‐isomer positively charged β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), mono‐6A‐butylammonium‐6A‐deoxy‐β‐cyclodextrin tosylate (BuAM‐β‐CD), has been synthesized, characterized, and used for the enantioseparations of α‐hydroxy acids, carboxylic acids, and ampholytic analytes by capillary electrophoresis in acidic aqueous background electrolytes. The effective mobilities of all studied analytes decreased with increasing concentration of CD. Satisfactory resolutions were obtained for α‐hydroxy acids over a wide range of chiral selector concentration. The optimum CD concentration was lower than 5 mM for the carboxylic acids, while higher than 20 mM for α‐hydroxy acids. Inclusion complexation in combination with ion pair interaction seemed to account for the chiral discrimination process. The hydrogen bonding may provide secondary contribution for the chiral resolution of α‐hydroxy acids. In addition, BuAM‐β‐CD was further proved to be an effective chiral selector for anionic analytes by the baseline enantioseparation of a six‐acid mixture within 20 min.
Poly(methylmethacrylate) and Topas capillary electrophoresis microchip performance with electrochemical detection
Authors: Castaño‐Álvarez Mario , Fernández‐Abedul María T. , Costa‐García Agustín 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA capillary electrophoresis (CE) microchip made of a new and promising polymeric material: Topas (thermoplastic olefin polymer of amorphous structure), a cyclic olefin copolymer with high chemical resistance, has been tested for the first time with analytical purposes, employing an electrochemical detection. A simple end‐channel platinum amperometric detector has been designed, checked, and optimized in a poly‐(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) CE microchip. The end‐channel design is based on a platinum wire manually aligned at the exit of the separation channel. This is a simple and durable detection in which the working electrode is not pretreated. H2O2 was employed as model analyte to study the performance of the PMMA microchip and the detector. Factors influencing migration and detection processes were examined and optimized. Separation of H2O2 and L‐ascorbic acid (AsA) was developed in order to evaluate the efficiency of microchips using different buffer systems. This detection has been checked for the first time with a microchip made of Topas, obtaining a good linear relationship for mixtures of H2O2 and AsA in different buffers.
Carotenoids in representatives of the Protousnea (Parmeliaceae), endemic genus from South America
Authors: Czeczuga B. , Czeczuga‐Semeniuk E. , Calvelo S. , Liberatore S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractColumn, thin‐layer and reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of the following carotenoids in the thalli of 7 lichen species representatives of the Protousnea (Parmeliaceae) endemic genus from South America: α‐carotene, β‐carotene, retrodehydro‐β‐carotene, α‐cryptoxanthin, β‐cryptoxanthin, lycopene‐5,6‐epoxide, lutein, 3′‐epilutein, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, cryptoflavin, loroxanthin, capsochrome, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, 3‐hydroxyechinenone, adonixanthin, canthaxanthin, astaxanthin, rhodoxanthin, citranaxanthin and torularhodin methyl ester.The total content of carotenoids ranged from 32.45 (Protousnea dusenii) to 48.21 μg g–1 dry weight (Protousnea teretiuscula). (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A new species of Porphyra (Rhodophyta, Bangiales) from the Malvan coast of Maharashtra (India)
Authors: Anilkumar C. , Rao P. S. N. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA new species of Porphyra C.A.Agardh, Porphyra malvanensis Anilkumar & P.S.N.Rao, sp. nova, has been reported from the Malvan coast of Maharashtra, India. The present species is clearly distinguished from the other Indian species reported so far, by its small size, the development pattern, arrangement and the number of carpospores and spermatia. The morphology of the present species is studied in detail together with the development of carpospores and spermatia. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The vegetation of mining dumps in SW‐Sardinia
Authors: Angiolini C. , Bacchetta G. , Brullo S. , Casti M. , Giusso del Galdo G. , Guarino R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe vegetation of mining dumps of SW‐Sardinia includes several endemic or rare species, that have been confined to such artificial habitats by a millennial mining activity. The extreme edaphic specialization of these species reflects with unusual fidelity the heterogeneity of substrata, therefore creating a system of plant communities that largely contributes to the environmental diversity of this part of the island. The phytosociological study presented in this paper recognized eight associations, distinguished by the cluster analysis in two main groups, the first including hemicrypto‐chamaephytic vegetation, the second including nanophanerophytic garigues.Six associations are belonging to the first group, five of which newly described: Helichryso tyrrhenici‐Dianthetum sardoi ass. nova occurring on gross‐grained, hard‐sloping dumps deriving from the geologic unit of Gonnesa; Coincyo recurvatae‐Helichrysetum tyrrhenici ass. nova colonizing dumps made of metamorphitic flakes and finer particles; Resedo luteolae‐Limonietum merxmuelleri ass. nova colonizing small‐grained mining dumps with high concentrations in sulphides and heavy metals; Ptilostemono casabonae‐Iberidetum integerrimae ass. nova replacing the previous one on older and more consolidated dumps, where the concentration of phytotoxic elements was reduced by the meteoric agents; Epipactidetum tremolsii ass. nova colonizing muddy deposits originating from ferrous clay; Euphorbio cupanii‐Santolinetum insularis Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003, occurring on very old, stabilized dumps. All these associations can be ascribed to the class Scrophulario‐Helichrysetea Brullo, Scelsi & Spampinato 1998. Within this class, a new Sardo‐Corsican alliance, Ptilostemono casabonae‐Euphorbion cupanii all. nov. is here proposed, differentiated by a pool of rare or endemic species. In addition to the above‐mentioned associations, it is proposed, as well, to include into the new alliance the Polygono scoparii‐Helichrysetum tyrrhenici Biondi, Vagge, Fogu & Mossa 1996 corr., that was described for the gravelly riverbeds of Central‐Southern Sardinia.As concerns the second group, two new association have been recognized: Dorycnio suffruticosi‐Genistetum corsicae ass. nova, found on abandoned, well consolidated mining dumps, with an upper layer altered by pedogenetic processes; Polygalo sardoae‐Linetum muelleri ass. nova, occurring in the vicinities of the mines on steep rocky slopes made of Paleozoic metalliferous limestones. Both of them can be ascribed to the alliance Teucrion mari Gamisans & Muracciole 1985, grouping the Sardo‐Corsican aspects of Cisto‐Lavanduletea Br.‐Bl. in Br.‐Bl., Molinier & Wagner 1940.Two taxa are new for science: Dianthus sardous Bacchetta, Brullo, Casti & Giusso, sp. nova and Helichrysum microphyllum (Willd.) Camb. subsp. tyrrhenicum Bacchetta, Brullo & Giusso, subsp. nova. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Delimiting morphologically identical varieties of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] using lipoxygenase activitity level
Authors: Ayodele M. S. , Osho S. M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe occurrence of beany flavour resulting from lipoxygenase activity in soybeans was sufficiently manifested in all the 22 varieties of soybean investigated. There were significant differences in the level of lipoxygenase activity among varieties. A positive correlation was observed between lipoxygenase activity and beany flavour. Lipoxygenase activity level was found reliable in delimiting the varieties. A considerable degree of overlaps and associations were observed among the varietal grouping based on lip‐ oxygenase activity values. Such overlaps corroborate the reported closeness of plant morphological attributes of the varieties. Lipoxygenase activity was therefore, considered a reliable chemotaxonomic tool that could be useful for taxa delimitation, where there are very similar morphological attributes that may hinder easy delimitation. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Beiträge zur Pilzflora von Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern (Deutschland) 5. Folge
Authors: Kreisel H. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAus der Region Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern (Deutschland) werden Funde von 135 Arten Macromyceten mitgeteilt. Die Verbreitung von sechs dieser Arten ist auf Rasterkarten dargestellt. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of polyelectrolyte complexes between chondroitin sulfate and chitosan in the solid state
Authors: Chen Wen‐Bin , Wang Li‐Fang , Chen Jenn‐Shing , Fan Su‐Yun 
Published: July 2005

AbstractChondroitin sulfate (ChS) was used to form polyelectrolyte complexes with chitosan (ChI), and its potential as a colon‐targeted drug carrier was investigated. In order to determine the optimal conditions for the formation of a stable polyelectrolyte complex, the formation of ChS/ChI complexes was examined at two different pH values with various weight ratios, or at a fixed molar ratio of ChS/ChI of 1/2 under various pH conditions. The molar compositions of the various ChS/ChI complexes were quantitated with the use of solid‐state 13C CP MAS NMR. The equivalent molar ratios of the complexes ranged from 0.47 to 0.54, in agreement with the data determined by elemental analysis. The fact that these values were close to 0.5 suggests that most of the OSO and the COO− groups on ChS formed strong electrostatic interactions with the NH groups on ChI, obeying a simple stoichiometric reaction between two oppositely charged moieties. Similar compositions of the complexes were obtained under most conditions tested; however, different strengths of the interactions between the two polysaccharides were noted from measurements of the water‐associated transition and thermal degradation temperatures and the degree of ChS dissolution. FTIR and 13C NMR clearly showed H‐bond formation at low pH, indicating that in addition to the varying degrees of electrostatic interaction, H bonding may be involved in complex formation. The highest degradation temperature, as determined by thermal gravimetric analysis, and the lowest ChS sol fraction, as measured by gel permeation chromatography, were observed with the complex prepared at pH 5, with a 1:1 mole ratio of the two opposite charges in feed. This complex also exhibited the highest water‐associated transition temperature, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, the swelling behavior of these complexes was pH dependent; this is a property that can potentially be exploited to control drug release from these complexes under specific pH conditions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005