bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awake prone positioning for patients with COVID-19-related respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Graziani Mara , Rigutini Andrea Galeazzo , Bartolini Diletta , Traballi Laura , Luzi Lorenzo , Regina Rossana , Bossi Francesco , Caponi Carla , Becattini Cecilia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe role of awake prone positioning (aPP) in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure is debated. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the role of aPP in acute respiratory failure related to COronaVIrus Disease-19 (COVID-19). Studies reporting on the clinical course of patients with acute respiratory failure related to COVID-19 treated or not treated by aPP were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis (ProsperoID: CRD42022333211). The primary study outcome was the composite of in-hospital death or orotracheal intubation; the individual components of the primary outcome were secondary study outcomes. The composite of in-hospital death or orotracheal intubation was available for 6 studies (1884 patients), five randomized and one prospective; a significant reduction in the risk of this outcome was observed in patients treated vs. not treated by aPP (33.5% vs. 39.8%; OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.60–0.89;I20%). In-hospital death was reported in 34 studies (6808 patients) and occurred in 17.4% vs. 23.5% of patients treated or not treated with aPP (random effect OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.46–0.79;I259%); orotracheal intubation was observed in 25.8% vs. 32.7% of patients treated or not treated with aPP (27 studies, 5369 patients; random effect OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.56–1.27;I284%). aPP reduces the risk for death or orotracheal intubation in patients with acute respiratory failure related to COVID-19. Further studies should be conducted to confirm the clinical benefit of aPP outside the ICU.RegistrationProspero ID: CRD42022333211.
A Fubini-type theorem for Hausdorff dimension
Authors: Héra Kornélia , Keleti Tamás , Máthé András 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIt is well known that a classical Fubini theorem for Hausdorff dimension cannot hold; that is, the dimension of the intersections of a fixed set with a parallel family of planes do not determine the dimension of the set. Here we prove that a Fubini theorem for Hausdorff dimension does hold modulo sets that are small on all Lipschitz graphs.We say that $$G \subset {\mathbb{R}^k} \times {\mathbb{R}^n}$$ is Γk-null if for every Lipschitz function $$f:{\mathbb{R}^k} \to {\mathbb{R}^n}$$ the set $$\{t \in {\mathbb{R}^k}:(t,f(t)) \in G\} $$ has measure zero. We show that for every Borel set $$E \subset {\mathbb{R}^k} \times {\mathbb{R}^n}$$ with dim $$({\rm{pro}}{{\rm{j}}_{{\mathbb{R}^k}}}E) = k$$ there is a Γk-null subset G ⊂ E such that $$\dim (E\backslash G) = k + {\rm{ess}} - \sup (\dim {E_t})$$ where ess- sup(dim Et) is the essential supremum of the Hausdorff dimension of the vertical sections $${\{{E_t}\} _{t \in {\mathbb{R}^k}}}$$ of E.In addition, we show that, provided that E is not Γk-null, there is a Γk-null subset G ⊂ E such that for F = E G, the Fubini property holds, that is, dim (F) = k + ess-sup(dim Ft).We also obtain more general results by replacing ℝk by an Ahlfors–David regular set. Applications of our results include Fubini-type results for unions of affine subspaces, connection to the Kakeya conjecture and projection theorems.
Leflunomide-induced collagenous colitis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Yang Jamie O. , Dry Sarah , Weiss Guy A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe describe a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis who developed chronic diarrhea and subsequently diagnosed with collagenous colitis (CC) 5 years after leflunomide initiation. Cessation of leflunomide resulted in complete resolution of diarrhea within 2 months. Although rare, leflunomide-induced colitis should be considered in patients with otherwise unexplained chronic diarrhea. Diagnosis is challenging as symptom onset can occur many years after leflunomide initiation, but diarrheal symptoms typically resolve within weeks to months of stopping the instigating drug.
NimbRo Wins ANA Avatar XPRIZE Immersive Telepresence Competition: Human-Centric Evaluation and Lessons Learned
Authors: Lenz Christian , Schwarz Max , Rochow Andre , Pätzold Bastian , Memmesheimer Raphael , Schreiber Michael , Behnke Sven 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRobotic avatar systems can enable immersive telepresence with locomotion, manipulation, and communication capabilities. We present such an avatar system, based on the key components of immersive 3D visualization and transparent force-feedback telemanipulation. Our avatar robot features an anthropomorphic upper body with dexterous hands. The remote human operator drives the arms and fingers through an exoskeleton-based operator station, which provides force feedback both at the wrist and for each finger. The robot torso is mounted on a holonomic base, providing omnidirectional locomotion on flat floors, controlled using a 3D rudder device. Finally, the robot features a 6D movable head with stereo cameras, which stream images to a VR display worn by the operator. Movement latency is hidden using spherical rendering. The head also carries a telepresence screen displaying an animated image of the operator’s face, enabling direct interaction with remote persons. Our system won the $10 M ANA Avatar XPRIZE competition, which challenged teams to develop intuitive and immersive avatar systems that could be operated by briefly trained judges. We analyze our successful participation in the semifinals and finals and provide insight into our operator training and lessons learned. In addition, we evaluate our system in a user study that demonstrates its intuitive and easy usability.
Ethics of artificial intelligence in prenatal and pediatric genomic medicine
Authors: Coghlan Simon , Gyngell Christopher , Vears Danya F 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the ethics of introducing emerging forms of artificial intelligence (AI) into prenatal and pediatric genomic medicine. Application of genomic AI to these early life settings has not received much attention in the ethics literature. We focus on three contexts: (1) prenatal genomic sequencing for possible fetal abnormalities, (2) rapid genomic sequencing for critically ill children, and (3) reanalysis of genomic data obtained from children for diagnostic purposes. The paper identifies and discusses various ethical issues in the possible application of genomic AI in these settings, especially as they relate to concepts of beneficence, nonmaleficence, respect for autonomy, justice, transparency, accountability, privacy, and trust. The examination will inform the ethically sound introduction of genomic AI in early human life.
Exploring the Effectiveness and Sustainability of Trust Based Relational Intervention (TBRI®) as a Trauma-informed Approach in Two Tasmanian Child and Family Learning Centres
Authors: Stephenson Elspeth , Yost Helen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is well documented and poses challenges for all those living and working with children who have experienced early adversity. The need to be trauma-informed when working with children in all educational settings is now recognised as essential if healing and learning are to take place. There are an increasing number of trauma-informed approaches available, but empirical evidence that supports their efficacy, particularly in the early years of education, is currently scarce. This paper presents the findings of a small-scale study which explored early childhood professionals’ perceptions of the effectiveness and sustainability of one trauma-informed approach, Trust Based Relational Intervention (TBRI®). Used widely across the US and Europe, TBRI® is relatively new to Australia and was trialled for the first time in this Tasmanian study. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA, 2014) concept of trauma and guidance for a trauma-informed approach was used to provide a theoretical framework. Online surveys were used to gather data after each professional learning workshop and three and six-months later. Participants reported several positives of TBRI®, including self-development and improved outcomes for children. Whilst challenges/barriers to using the approach were noted, many related to contextual issues rather than to TBRI® specifically. Findings also showed that equipping families with a similar skill set would be advantageous and integral to effecting sustainable change.
Dynamic multi-strategy integrated differential evolution algorithm based on reinforcement learning for optimization problems
Authors: Yang Qingyong , Chu Shu-Chuan , Pan Jeng-Shyang , Chou Jyh-Horng , Watada Junzo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe introduction of a multi-population structure in differential evolution (DE) algorithm has been proven to be an effective way to achieve algorithm adaptation and multi-strategy integration. However, in existing studies, the mutation strategy selection of each subpopulation during execution is fixed, resulting in poor self-adaptation of subpopulations. To solve this problem, a dynamic multi-strategy integrated differential evolution algorithm based on reinforcement learning (RLDMDE) is proposed in this paper. By employing reinforcement learning, each subpopulation can adaptively select the mutation strategy according to the current environmental state (population diversity). Based on the population state, this paper proposes an individual dynamic migration strategy to “reward” or “punish” the population to avoid wasting individual computing resources. Furthermore, this paper applies two methods of good point set and random opposition-based learning (ROBL) in the population initialization stage to improve the quality of the initial solutions. Finally, to evaluate the performance of the RLDMDE algorithm, this paper selects two benchmark function sets, CEC2013 and CEC2017, and six engineering design problems for testing. The results demonstrate that the RLDMDE algorithm has good performance and strong competitiveness in solving optimization problems.
Invariance of equilibrium to the strategy method I: theory
Authors: Chen Daniel L. , Schonger Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article highlights a potential and significant economic–theoretical bias in the widely used strategy method (SM) technique. Although SM is commonly employed to analyze numerous observations per subject regarding rare or off-equilibrium behaviors unattainable through direct elicitation (DE), researchers often overlook a critical distinction. The strategic equivalence between SM and DE is applicable in the context of monetary payoff games, but not in the actual utility-based games played by participants. This oversight may lead to inaccurate conclusions and demand a reevaluation of existing research in the field. We formalize the mapping from the monetary payoff game to this actual game and delineate necessary and sufficient conditions for strategic equivalence to apply.
The Ethics of Imitation in Meat Alternatives
Authors: Bacchini Fabio , Bossini Elena 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe consumption of traditional meat is currently being challenged by the rise of meat alternatives claimed to be more beneficial for the environment and non-human animals. One of the peculiarities of these products lies in their attempt to replace meat through the close imitation of its sensory qualities, which poses relevant philosophical questions: What are the purported reasons that motivate this imitation, instead of the promotion of different but sustainable foods that break with the imagery of meat eating? And, if eating meat is considered morally wrong, what is the moral status of the simulation of a wrong act? Our aim is to address these questions to shed new light on the ethical claims that constitute, in fact, one of the major advantages of these products. Firstly, we introduce the aims and functions of simulating meat sensory qualities. Subsequently, we investigate whether the imitation of meat can be found morally acceptable on consequentialist grounds. Lastly, we raise the question of whether there is room for claiming that imitating meat is morally wrong even if its consequences are overall better, from the point of view of non-consequentialist ethical frameworks. We conclude that there are not compelling reasons for considering meat imitation as morally undesirable.
Clinical Efficacy and Complications of Intensity-modulated Radiation Therapy in Patients With Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: Especially Focus On Osteoradionecrosis
Authors: Hiramine Keiko , Kunitake Naonobu , Shirakawa Yuko , Abe Madoka , Shioyama Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe explored the relative clinical efficacy of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) compared with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT). Seventy-four OPC patients treated with definitive IMRT or 3D-CRT between May 2010 and December 2018 were analyzed. Of these, 42 patients were treated with IMRT and 32 with 3D-CRT. We compared clinical benefits and complications. Particular attention was focused on osteoradionecrosis (ORN), which is the most problematic radiation late adverse event, and evaluated the irradiated mandibular volumes. There was no significant difference in the 3-year overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) and locoregional control (LRC) rates between the two groups. However, late Grade 2 xerostomia was lower in the IMRT groups. Four patients (19.0%) developed Grade 3, while no patients developed ORN in the IMRT group (P = 0.003). A comparison of the mandible volumes between the two groups showed that the IMRT group had lower mandibular volumes than the 3D-CRT group in the high-dose range of V40, V50, V60 and V70. In addition, a comparison of the mandibular volumes between ORN and non-ORN showed a significant difference in the V60 and V70. ORN incidence was higher in V60 ≥ 25% and V70 ≥ 15%. A comparison of IMRT and 3D-CRT showed no significant difference in outcomes, however, IMRT led to a significant reduction in late xerostomia and ORN in OPC patients. Reducing of the mandibular V60 and V70 by IMRT seemed to reduce the risk of ORN.
Insights into Glyphosate Adsorption in Aqueous Solutions Using Zn-Al Layered Double Oxide
Authors: Hottes Emanoel , Bauerfeldt Glauco Favilla , da Silva Clarissa Oliveira , Castro Rosane Nora , Herbst Marcelo Hawrylak 
Published: October 2023

AbstractContamination of surface and groundwater with glyphosate, used widely on crops to control weeds, can cause severe environmental damage. Processes for glyphosate removal from water bodies have been developed, but few are effective and all are expensive. This objective of the present study was to investigate the use of a layered double oxide as a potentially effective and inexpensive material to remove glyphosate from water. Equilibrium, kinetics, and adsorption mechanisms were evaluated, in addition to the effects of competing anions and temperature on glyphosate adsorption. Up to 95% of glyphosate was removed from a synthetic solution in 50 min by Zn2Al-LDO (layered double oxide in Zn/Al ratio of 2:1) at pH 10. The adsorption isotherms were type L and the Langmuir model best fitted the experimental data, with a qmax value of 191.96 μg mg–1 at 25°C. The XRD pattern did not support the hypothesis of intercalation of glyphosate anions, whereas Fourier-transform infrared and solid-state 13C and 31P magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed the adsorption of glyphosate anions on the Zn2Al-LDO surface, through carboxylate and phosphonate moiety interactions with end-on and side-on modes. The degree of removal of glyphosate increased with increasing temperature and decreased with increasing concentration of competing anions, with carbonate anions having the most prominent effect on the inhibition of glyphosate adsorption. The adsorption kinetics fitted a pseudo-first order law. Moreover, the intraparticle diffusion model suggested that the adsorption process depends on the formation and thickness of the film at the solution/solid interface.
On weakly almost square Banach spaces
Authors: Rodríguez José , Rueda Zoca Abraham 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe prove some results on weakly almost square Banach spaces and their relatives. On the one hand, we discuss weak almost squareness in the setting of Banach function spaces. More precisely, let $(\Omega,\Sigma)$ be a measurable space, let E be a Banach lattice and let $\nu:\Sigma \to E^+$ be a non-atomic countably additive measure having relatively norm compact range. Then the space $L_1(\nu)$ is weakly almost square. This result applies to some abstract Cesàro function spaces. Similar arguments show that the Lebesgue–Bochner space $L_1(\mu,Y)$ is weakly almost square for any Banach space Y and for any non-atomic finite measure µ. On the other hand, we make some progress on the open question of whether there exists a locally almost square Banach space, which fails the diameter two property. In this line, we prove that if X is any Banach space containing a complemented isomorphic copy of c0, then for every $0 \lt \varepsilon \lt 1$, there exists an equivalent norm $|\cdot|$ on X satisfying the following: (i) every slice of the unit ball $B_{(X,|\cdot|)}$ has diameter 2; (ii) $B_{(X,|\cdot|)}$ contains non-empty relatively weakly open subsets of arbitrarily small diameter and (iii) $(X,|\cdot|)$ is (r, s)-SQ for all $0 \lt r,s \lt \frac{1-\varepsilon}{1+\varepsilon}$.
COMMON ARTICLE 1 OF THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS AND THE METHOD OF TREATY INTERPRETATION
Authors: Hill-Cawthorne Lawrence 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn its updated Commentaries on the 1949 Geneva Conventions, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) embraces the ‘external’ interpretation of Article 1 common to the four Geneva Conventions, according to which States have certain negative (complicity-type) and positive (prevention/response) obligations to ‘ensure respect’ for the Conventions by other actors. This interpretation has been gaining support since the 1960s, though the ICRC's new Commentaries have served as a catalyst for some States recently to express contrary views. This article focuses on two major methodological shortcomings in the existing literature, offering a much firmer foundation for the external obligation under common Article 1. First, it demonstrates the overwhelming support in subsequent practice for external obligations. Previous studies have failed to explain the method by which this practice is taken into account, given the existence of some inconsistent practice. This article addresses this general question of treaty interpretation, critiquing the approach of the International Law Commission that relegates majority practice to supplementary means of interpretation and proposing instead a principled approach that better fits and justifies the judicial practice here. Secondly, the article challenges two common assumptions about thetravaux: first, that an original, restrictive meaning was intended, and secondly that thetravauxof Additional Protocol I offer no support for external obligations. Given the ubiquity of military assistance and partnering, these findings have far-reaching consequences for the liability of States.
Delivering a net zero National Health Service: where does otorhinolaryngology – head and neck surgery stand?
Authors: Spinos Dimitrios , Doshi Jayesh , Garas George 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe National Health Service (NHS) recognised the risk to public health brought by climate change by launching the Greener NHS National Programme in 2020. These organisational changes aim to attain net zero direct carbon emissions. This article reviews the literature on initiatives aimed at mitigating the environmental impact of ENT practice.MethodSystematic review of the literature using scientific, healthcare and general interest (public domain) databases.ResultsThe initiatives reviewed can be broken down into strategies for mitigating the carbon footprint of long patient stay, use of operative theatres and healthcare travel. The carbon footprint of in-patient stay can be mitigated by a shift towards day-case surgery. The ENT community is currently focused on the reduction of theatre waste and the use of disposable instruments. Furthermore, supply chains and healthcare delivery models are being redesigned to reduce travel.ConclusionFuture areas of development include designing waterless theatre scrubs, waste-trapping technologies for anaesthetic gases and a continuing investment in virtual healthcare.
Optical microscopic study on a novel morphological classification method of multiple diagnostic features of Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis
Authors: Li Wanchen , Li Xiaoli , Song Lin , Li Hongfeng , Wu Yaliu , Li Jianjun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOptical microscopy is the gold standard technique used to confirm the diagnosis of scabies. Multiple diagnostic features of the pathogen Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis (S. scabiei) can be identified under a microscope and classified into 3 categories: mites, eggs and fecal pellets. However, mite and eggshell fragments can also be observed, which have been ignored in the 2020 International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS) Criteria and by most researchers. In this study, we propose a novel morphological classification method that classifies multiple diagnostic features into 5 categories and 7 subcategories. Our results revealed that 65.2% (1893 of 2896) of the positive cases were confirmed through the identification of mites, eggs or fecal pellets, whereas up to 34.6% (1003 of 2896) of the positive cases were confirmed through the identification of mite or eggshell fragments. Therefore, the important diagnostic values of mite and eggshell fragments should be emphasized. Importantly, for the first time, mite and eggshell fragments were classified into 7 subcategories, some of which are easily ignored or confused with contaminating artefacts. We believe that this novel morphological classification method will be beneficial for operator training in interpreting slides and in improving the 2020 IACS Criteria.
Interplay of Three‐Dimensional Instabilities and Magnetic Reconnection in the Explosive Onset of Magnetospheric Substorms
Authors: Totorica Samuel R. , Bhattacharjee Amitava 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMagnetospheric substorms are preceded by a slow growth phase of magnetic flux loading and current sheet thinning in the tail. Extensive data sets have provided evidence of the triggering of instabilities at substorm onset, including magnetic reconnection and ballooning instabilities. Using an exact kinetic magnetotail equilibrium we present particle‐in‐cell simulations which capture the explosive nature of substorms through a disruption of the dipolarization front by the ballooning instability. We use self‐consistent particle tracking to determine the nonthermal particle acceleration mechanisms.