bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instability of Metamaterial-Based Thin Cylindrical Shells Under Axial Compression
Authors: Doshi Mitansh , Ning Xin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper presents comprehensive numerical studies on the instability behavior of metamaterial-based cylindrical shells (meta-shells) under axial compression. The cylindrical meta-shells are comprised of lattice-like metamaterial unit cells, including house unit cells and their variants, cuboid braced, octet truss, and octahedron. Their buckling and post-buckling behavior, effects of dimensional variations, structural mass efficiency in carrying axial compression, and the influences from damaged units are studied in this work. The results show that cylindrical meta-shells can exhibit benign or multistable post-buckling behavior rather than catastrophic unstable post-buckling commonly seen for conventional cylindrical shells with continuous surfaces. This work finds that the critical buckling loads scale with the meta-shell dimensions following a quadratic relation. However, the meta-shells’ structural mass efficiencies in carrying axial load do not change or slightly increase as their sizes proportionally increase. The study on the effects of defects shows that the critical buckling loads linearly decrease with respect to the mass of total damaged units.
Biopsychosocial Effects of a Conventional Exercise Program and Culturally Relevant Activities in Older Women From Mozambique
Authors: Daca Timóteo , Prista Antônio , Farinatti Paulo , Maia Pacheco Matheus , Drews Ricardo , Manyanga Taru , Damasceno Albertino , Tani Go 
Published: October 2023

Aim: This randomized controlled trial compared the effects of a Conventional Exercise Program (CEP) and Culturally Relevant Activities (CRA) on body mass, cardiovascular risk, functional fitness (strength, flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, and agility), self-efficacy, and self-esteem in older women dwelling in Mozambique. Methods: Fifty-seven women (67 [7] y) underwent 60-minute sessions of CEP (n = 28) or CRA (n = 29) performed 3 days per week for 12 weeks. CRA included Mozambican traditional dances and games (intensity corresponding to scores 3–4 of BORG-CR10 scale), and CEP included 20-minute stationary cycling (65%–75% heart rate reserve) and a resistance training circuit (8 exercises, 15-repetition maximum). Results: CEP and CRA (P < .05) showed increased percent fat (3.4% and 5.3%), waist circumference (3.3% and 5.8%), and cardiorespiratory fitness (14.4% and 9.4%), and decreased triglycerides (−20.0% and −77.8%). In CEP (P < .05), body mass (2.9%), body mass index (3.2%), and high-density lipoprotein (10.0%) increased, while glycemia (−4.8%) and total cholesterol (−9.8%) decreased. Blood pressure slightly increased in CEP (6.2%, P > .05) and CRA (4.3%, P < .05). Self-efficacy and self-esteem increased to similar levels in both groups (15%, P < .05). Conclusions: CEP and CRA were capable to improve biopsychosocial health-related variables in Mozambican older women. Culturally referenced PA interventions should be considered as an alternative in African countries.
Leveraging stewardship to promote ceftriaxone use in severe infections with low- and no-risk AmpC Enterobacterales
Authors: Hardy Megan E. , Kenney Rachel M. , Tibbetts Robert J. , Shallal Anita B. , Veve Michael P. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

AmpC β-lactamases are associated with development of ceftriaxone resistance despite initial
in vitro
susceptibility, but the risk of AmpC derepression is not equal among Enterobacterales. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an AmpC stewardship intervention on the definitive treatment of low- and no-risk Enterobacterales. This was an IRB-approved, single pre-test, post-test quasi-experiment at a 5-hospital system. An AmpC stewardship intervention was implemented in July 2022 and included prescriber education, the removal of microbiology comments indicating potential for ceftriaxone resistance on therapy, and the modification of a blood PCR comment for
Serratia marcescens
to recommend ceftriaxone. Adults ≥18 years pre-intervention (July 2021 to December 2021) and post-intervention (July 2022 to December 2022) who received ≥72 hours of inpatient definitive therapy and had non-urine cultures growing low- and no-risk organisms (
S. marcescens
,
Providencia
spp.,
Citrobacter koseri
,
Citrobacter amalonaticus
, or
Morganella morganii
) were included. The primary endpoint was definitive treatment with ceftriaxone. A total of 224 patients were included; 115 (51%) in pre-intervention and 109 (49%) in post-intervention. Definitive ceftriaxone therapy was prescribed more frequently after intervention [6 (5%) vs 72 (66%),
P
< 0.001]. After adjustment for critical illness, patients in the post-group were more likely to receive definitive ceftriaxone (adjOR, 34.7; 95% CI, 13.9–86.6). The proportion of patients requiring retreatment was 18 (15%) and 11 (10%) for pre- and post-intervention patients (
P
= 0.22), and ceftriaxone resistance within 30 days occurred in 5 (4%) and 2 (2%) patients in the pre- and post-group (
P
= 0.45). An antimicrobial stewardship intervention was associated with increased ceftriaxone prescribing and similar patient outcomes for low- and no-risk AmpC Enterobacterales.
Gallionellaceae pangenomic analysis reveals insight into phylogeny, metabolic flexibility, and iron oxidation mechanisms
Authors: Hoover Rene L. , Keffer Jessica L. , Polson Shawn W. , Chan Clara S. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

The iron-oxidizing Gallionellaceae drive a wide variety of biogeochemical cycles through their metabolisms and biominerals. To better understand the environmental impacts of Gallionellaceae, we need to improve our knowledge of their diversity and metabolisms, especially any novel iron oxidation mechanisms. Here, we used a pangenomic analysis of 103 genomes to resolve Gallionellaceae phylogeny and explore their genomic potential. Using a concatenated ribosomal protein tree and key gene patterns, we determined Gallionellaceae has four genera, divided into two groups: iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB)
Gallionella
,
Sideroxydans
, and
Ferriphaselus
with iron oxidation genes (
cyc2
,
mtoA
) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB)
Candidatus
Nitrotoga with the nitrite oxidase gene
nxr
. The FeOB and NOB have similar electron transport chains, including genes for reverse electron transport and carbon fixation. Auxiliary energy metabolisms, including S oxidation, denitrification, and organotrophy, were scattered throughout the FeOB. Within FeOB, we found genes that may represent adaptations for iron oxidation, including a variety of extracellular electron uptake mechanisms. FeOB genomes encoded more predicted
c
-type cytochromes than NOB genomes, notably more multiheme
c
-type cytochromes (MHCs) with >10 CXXCH motifs. These include homologs of several predicted outer membrane porin-MHC complexes, including MtoAB and Uet. MHCs efficiently conduct electrons across longer distances and function across a wide range of redox potentials that overlap with mineral redox potentials, which can expand the range of usable iron substrates. Overall, the results of pangenome analyses suggest that the Gallionellaceae genera
Gallionella
,
Sideroxydans
, and
Ferriphaselus
have acquired a range of adaptations to succeed in various environments but are primarily iron oxidizers.

IMPORTANCE
Neutrophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) produce copious iron (oxyhydr)oxides that can profoundly influence biogeochemical cycles, notably the fate of carbon and many metals. To fully understand environmental microbial iron oxidation, we need a thorough accounting of iron oxidation mechanisms. In this study, we show the Gallionellaceae FeOB genomes encode both characterized iron oxidases as well as uncharacterized multiheme cytochromes (MHCs). MHCs are predicted to transfer electrons from extracellular substrates and likely confer metabolic capabilities that help Gallionellaceae occupy a range of different iron- and mineral-rich niches. Gallionellaceae appear to specialize in iron oxidation, so it would be advantageous for them to have multiple mechanisms to oxidize various forms of iron, given the many iron minerals on Earth, as well as the physiological and kinetic challenges faced by FeOB. The multiple iron/mineral oxidation mechanisms may help drive the widespread ecological success of Gallionellaceae.
Strains of
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
from horses in Ohio are related to isolates from humans in the northeastern USA
Authors: Chien Rory C. , Mingqun Lin , Yan Qi , Randolph Nina , Huang Weiyan , Wellman Maxey , Toribio Ramiro , Rikihisa Yasuko 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

The tick-borne obligatory intracellular bacterium
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
infects granulocytes of humans as well as domesticated and wild animals, causing a febrile disease collectively called granulocytic anaplasmosis. The host species specificity and zoonotic potential of
A. phagocytophilum
strains remain unclear. In the USA, human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is primarily reported in Wisconsin and Minnesota, the northeastern coastal states, and northern California. In horses,
A. phagocytophilum
causes equine granulocytic anaplasmosis (EGA). Although EGA has been reported in the same US regions as HGA, horses with a definitive diagnosis of EGA have not been reported in Ohio, where the incidence of HGA is low. In this study, samples from archived blood smears or whole blood from three horses from three different counties in Ohio that presented in 2018, 2020, and 2021 with clinical signs and laboratory findings consistent with EGA were evaluated by PCR and sequencing. Sequences of
ankA
(encoding ankyrin A) of the three
A. phagocytophilum
strains were identical and related to strains isolated from humans in the northeastern USA yet distinct from those in California or Europe based on phylogenetic analysis. Each Ohio strain contains unique
A. phagocytophilum p44
genes encoding the immunodominant major outer membrane proteins, underscoring the antigenic diversity of
A. phagocytophilum
strains that cause EGA in Ohio. From 2018 to 2023, 14 additional cases of EGA were identified by serodiagnosis in Ohio and nearby locations in Pennsylvania, pointing to a heretofore unrecognized prevalence of EGA and the risk of transmission of anaplasmosis to humans and animals in this region.

IMPORTANCE

The tick-borne obligatory intracellular bacterium
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
infects humans as well as domesticated and wild animals, causing a febrile disease collectively called granulocytic anaplasmosis. The epidemiology and the host species specificity and zoonotic potential of
A. phagocytophilum
strains remain unclear. In this study,
ankA
(encoding ankyrin A) and
p44
gene sequences of
A. phagocytophilum
were determined in clinical specimens from horses in Ohio and compared with those found in
A. phagocytophilum
strains from various hosts and geographic regions. With increasing numbers of seropositive horses, the study points out the unrecognized prevalence and uncharacterized strains of
A. phagocytophilum
infection in horses and the importance of
A. phagocytophilum
molecular testing for the prevention of equine and human granulocytic anaplasmosis.
Transcriptomic profile of the most successful
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
strain in Aragon, the MtZ strain, during exponential and stationary growth phases
Authors: Comín Jessica , Campos Elena , Gonzalo-Asensio Jesús , Samper Sofía 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

The
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Zaragoza
(MtZ) strain has produced the largest outbreak in Aragon Community, Spain, as it started in the 90s and continues today, contributing with more than 240 cases of tuberculosis, around 10% of the TB cases. Previous studies were carried out to identify the reasons for its successful spread capacity among the population. Some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes considered as virulence factors were found, as well as an oversecretion of PE_PGRS factors. Different copies of IS
6110
have been localized, and a transcriptomic study was carried out to study how the different IS
6110
copies could affect the adjacent gene expression. In this work, we analyzed the transcriptomic profile of the MtZ, strain trying to delve into the mechanisms behind its success. We found that ESX-1 system is upregulated during both exponential and stationary growth phases
in vitro
, as well as the virulence pathways of cholesterol degradation and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. In addition, MtZ has the iron uptake genes downregulated in exponential growth phase (mycobactin biosynthesis and IrtAB transporters), while the iron storage could be upregulated. The
desA3
gene transcription was interrupted by the insertion of an IS
6110
copy. This gene codes for a stearoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) Δ9 desaturase involved in the production of oleic acid, which is necessary for the metabolism of the bacteria. In spite of this, although MtZ strain has an initial long lag phase growing in liquid media, it is capable of achieving normal growth, suggesting the existence of an alternative route for obtaining oleic acid.

IMPORTANCE

Aragon Community suffered, during the first years of the beginning of this century, a large outbreak caused by the MtZ strain, producing more than 240 cases to date. MtZ strain and the outbreak have been previously studied from an epidemiological and molecular point of view. In this work, we analyzed the transcriptomic profile of the strain for better understanding of its success among our population. We have discovered that MtZ has some upregulated virulence pathways, such as the ESX-1 system, the cholesterol degradation pathway or the peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Interestingly, MtZ has downregulated the uptake of iron. Another special feature of MtZ strain is the interruption of
desA3
gene, essential for producing oleic acid. Although the strain takes a long time to grow in the initial culture media, eventually it is able to reach normal optical densities, suggestive of the presence of another route for obtaining oleic acid in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
.
Supplemental Material: Is Geology Accreditation Needed? It Is Already Here!
Authors: Anderson Laurie C. , Gierke John S. , Connelly Jeffrey 
Published: October 2023

<p> </p>
<p>In the 2000s, geoscience program accreditation was a regular topic in journal articles, opinion pieces, meeting sessions, and committee reports (e.g., Corbett and Corbett, 2001; GSA Ad Hoc Committee on Accreditation, 2008). Geoscience accreditation discussions subsequently subsided for apparent lack of proactive, interactive interest and with no consensus achieved (GSA Ad Hoc Committee on Accreditation, 2008; Bralower et al., 2008). Simultaneously, an increasing emphasis on continuous improvement in higher education has led to regular, formal assessment of student outcome achievement, efforts to align program outcomes to workforce needs, and expansion of competency-based learning. As a result, calls have been made for professional societies to develop certification, accreditation, or badging programs (Wikle, 2018; Mosher and Keane, 2021; Klyce and Ryker, 2022)</p>
Sumber Energi Listrik Menggunakan Pikohidro Generator Dengan Aliran Air Tandon
Authors: Farhan Alif  , Kun Fayakun  , Rosalina Rosalina , Emilia Roza  , Ramza Harry 
Published: October 2023

Energi listrik memegang peranan yang sangat dibutuhkan dalam kehidupan masyarakat dan perkembangan ekonomi. Kebutuhan energi listrik meningkat seiring dengan pertumbuhan penduduk dan perkembangan teknologi. Saat ini kita telah merasakan krisis energi sehingga kita harus memanfaatkan energi listrik dengan baik. Potensi Energi alternatif khususnya energi air merupakan solusi untuk memanfaatkan sebagai sumber energi. Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Piko Hidro merupakan suatu alat atau media yang menggunakan air. Pada saat ini dikembangkangkan sistem pembangkit tenaga air yang menhasilkan energi listrik, salah satunya menggunakan piko hidro generator di mana laju aliran air dapat berubah menjadi energi listrik. Pada sistem perpipaan air dirumah dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber daya penghasil listrik, yaitu di mana tandon air sebagai penampung air bersih dengan kondisi air yang dipengaruhi laju aliran air dapat menggerakan turbin piko hidro generator. Pada penelitian ini dihasilkan dengan proses pengambilan data dengan proses pengambilan 2 menit sekali selama 40 menit didapatkan rata-rata debit air 8,75 L/s dengan luas penampang 0,0531 maka piko hidro generator dapat menghasilkan rata-rata tegangan 8,88 Volt di mana hasil output di step up untuk pengechargeran baterai dan rata-rata daya 10,60 watt pada baterai dengan menggunakan 3 beban dan penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk penerangan rumah.
Intervenções em terapia ocupacional com idosos com transtorno neurocognitivo leve: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Fücher Renata , Batista Marina Picazzio Perez , Almeida Maria Helena Morgani de 
Published: October 2023

Introdução: O Terapeuta Ocupacional (TO) é um profissional capacitado para avaliar e intervir junto a idosos com transtorno neurocognitivo leve (TNL) com objetivo de promover a manutenção ou melhora no desempenho cognitivo e funcional, diminuindo o impacto do declínio cognitivo nas atividades cotidianas e participação social Objetivos: Conhecer intervenções em TO junto a idosos com TNL. Método: Revisão bibliográfica integrativa nas bases de dados: PubMed, Scielo, AgeLine, Cinahl, Scopus e Web of Science e em revistas da TO não indexadas nessas bases, no período de janeiro de 2016 a junho de 2021, nos idiomas inglês e português, utilizando os descritores: occupational therapy, aged e mild cognitive impairment combinados com o operador boleano AND. Resultados: 10 artigos foram selecionados, a maioria publicado em 2020, apenas 1 nacional, metade configurava-se como quase-experimental. Os instrumentos para avaliação de intervenções tinham ênfase no desempenho cognitivo, funcionalidade e sintomas depressivos. Na maioria dos estudos realizou-se abordagem grupal e focada em estimulação cognitiva. A minoria voltou-se para orientações sobre estratégias funcionais focadas nas atividades de vida diária, vivências artísticas e atividade física. Conclusão: Notou-se que a intervenção terapêutica ocupacional gera benefícios para os idosos. Necessita-se de mais estudos, principalmente nacionais para fomentar esta prática.
Shear Force-Induced Platelet Clearance Is a New Mechanism of Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Rauch Antoine , Dupont Annabelle , Rosa Mickael , Desvages Maximilien , Le Tanno Christina , Abdoul Johan , Didelot Mélusine , Ung Alexandre , Ruez Richard , Jeanpierre Emmanuelle , Daniel Mélanie , Corseaux Delphine , Spillemaeker Hugues , Labreuche Julien , Pradines Bénédicte , Rousse Natacha , Lenting Peter J. , Moussa Mouhamed D. , Vincentelli André , Bordet Jean-Claude , Staels Bart , Vincent Flavien , Denis Cécile V. , Van Belle Eric , Casari Caterina , Susen Sophie 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Thrombocytopenia has been consistently described in patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and associated with poor outcome. However, the prevalence and underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown, and a device-related role of ECMO in thrombocytopenia has been hypothesized. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying thrombocytopenia in ECMO patients.

METHODS:
In a prospective cohort of 107 ECMO patients, we investigated platelet count, functions, and glycoprotein shedding. In an ex vivo mock circulatory ECMO loop, we assessed platelet responses and VWF (von Willebrand factor)–GP Ibα (glycoprotein Ibα) interactions at low- and high-flow rates, in the presence or absence of red blood cells. The clearance of human platelets subjected or not to ex vivo perfusion was studied using an in vivo transfusion model in NOD/SCID (nonobese diabetic/severe combined Immunodeficient) mice.

RESULTS:

In ECMO patients, we observed a time-dependent decrease in platelet count starting 1 hour after device onset, with a mean drop of 7%, 35%, and 41% at 1, 24, and 48 hours post-ECMO initiation (
P
=0.00013,
P
<0.0001, and
P
<0.0001, respectively), regardless of the type of ECMO. This drop in platelet count was associated with a decrease in platelet GP Ibα expression (before: 47.8±9.1 versus 24 hours post-ECMO: 42.3±8.9 mean fluorescence intensity;
P
=0.002) and an increase in soluble GP Ibα plasma levels (before: 5.6±3.3 versus 24 hours post-ECMO: 10.8±4.1 µg/mL;
P
<0.0001). GP Ibα shedding was also observed ex vivo and was unaffected by (1) red blood cells, (2) the coagulation potential, (3) an antibody blocking VWF–GP Ibα interaction, (4) an antibody limiting VWF degradation, and (5) supraphysiological VWF plasma concentrations. In contrast, GP Ibα shedding was dependent on rheological conditions, with a 2.8-fold increase at high- versus low-flow rates. Platelets perfused at high-flow rates before being transfused to immunodeficient mice were eliminated faster in vivo with an accelerated clearance of GP Ibα–negative versus GP Ibα–positive platelets.

CONCLUSIONS:
ECMO-associated shear forces induce GP Ibα shedding and thrombocytopenia due to faster clearance of GP Ibα–negative platelets. Inhibiting GP Ibα shedding could represent an approach to reduce thrombocytopenia during ECMO.
Rituals in Weather Lands
Authors: Bergmann Sigurd 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Do rituals have a place in modern life? Are they ultimately pointless, or rather essential for social life? Can rituals themselves become specific places where meaning and belonging can emerge? Might they offer social skills to “make-oneself-at-home” in a world of constant homelessness and displacement? In the beginning two examples of the power and political significance of rituals are given: marathon runs in metropolitan surroundings, and the Swedish Public Health Agency’s press conferences in the pandemic emergency. Departing from our being-bodily-alive in unforeseeable “weather worlds” (Ingold 2007) the article then explores how rituals in different cultural contexts are “fabricating meaning” (Rappaport 1999) with regard to alternating weather. Examples from ritualized weather in the Fijis, Puebloan culture, and Kyrgyzstan will serve as places for perceiving atmospheres of the Sacred that can inspire a new path of making oneself at home in climate change.
Coastal State Duties in the Repair of Submarine Cables
Authors: Aw Stephany 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Submarine cables, such as those used for the conveyance of data traffic and power supply, are of vital importance to the functioning of global society. Yet, at the same time, they remain vulnerable to damage. To ensure the continued operation of these cables, it is imperative that emergency repairs, where needed, are carried out expeditiously. However, in maritime zones within a coastal State’s sovereignty, sovereign rights or jurisdiction, where the freedom of users of these zones to lay and maintain cables is circumscribed to varying degrees, such repairs may be hampered by the imposition of onerous coastal State regulatory requirements. This article addresses this problem by answering the questions: (i) What is the scope of a coastal State’s duties regarding cable repairs in the territorial sea, archipelagic waters, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf? and (ii) What solutions are available to facilitate cable repairs in such maritime zones more expeditiously?