bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective study of hippocampal volume and function in human subjects treated with corticosteroids
Authors: Hájek Tomáš , Kopeček Miloslav , Preiss Marek , Alda Martin , Höschl Cyril 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPurpose.Decreased hippocampal volume reported in neuropsychiatric and endocrine disorders is considered a result of putative neuronal damage mediated by corticosteroids. This is the first prospective study of hippocampal volume and function in patients treated with corticosteroids.Methods.14 subjects treated systemically with prednisone or betamethasone for dermatological or rheumatic disorders underwent prospective neurocognitive testing (Auditory Verbal Learning Test—AVLT, Trail Making Test—TMT, Digit Span—DS) and nine of them also repeated magnetic resonance volumetry.Results.The mean duration of treatment between the first and the second assessment was 73 ± 38 days with mean daily dose of 37 ± 17 mg prednisone and 193 ± 29 days, with mean daily dose of 24 ± 15 mg prednisone between the first and the third assessment. There was a trend towards decreases in total AVLT scores and an improvement in the TMT and DS, but no significant changes in the volumes of the right or the left hippocampi between the assessments. Prednisone dose did not correlate with the hippocampal volume change.Conclusion.We observed a trend for decline in verbal memory despite improvement in psychomotor speed, attention/working memory and no macroscopic hippocampal volume changes during 36–238 days of treatment with therapeutic doses of corticosteroids.
The D2dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene is associated with co-morbid depression, anxiety and social dysfunction in untreated veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Lawford Bruce R. , Young Ross , Noble Ernest P. , Kann Burnett , Ritchie Terry 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjective.To identify clusters of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to symptom profile and to examine the association of the A1 allele of the D2dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene with these clusters.Method.Fifty-seven untreated Caucasian Vietnam veterans with PTSD were administered the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ) and the Mississippi Scale for combat-related PTSD. DRD2 allelic status was determined by PCR.Results.Subjects with the DRD2 Al allele compared to those without this allele had significantly higher scores on GHQ 2 (anxiety/insomnia), GHQ 3 (social dysfunction) and GHQ 4 (depression). Cluster analysis of the GHQ data identified two primary groups. A high psychopathology cluster (cluster 3), featured by high co-morbid levels of somatic concerns, anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction and depression, and a low psychopathology cluster (cluster 1), manifested by the reverse pattern. Scores in each of the four GHQ groups were significantly higher in cluster 3 than cluster 1, as was Mississippi Scale PTSD score. DRD2 A1 allele veterans compared to those without this allele were significantly more likely to be found in the high than the low psychopathology cluster group.Conclusions.DRD2 variants are associated with severe co-morbid psychopathology in PTSD subjects.
An evaluation of the implicit management procedure used for some ICES roundfish stocks
Authors: Kell L.T. , Pilling G.M. , Kirkwood G.P. , Pastoors M. , Mesnil B. , Korsbrekke K. , Abaunza P. , Aps R. , Biseau A. , Kunzlik P. , Needle C. , Roel B.A. , Ulrich-Rescan C. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
This paper describes a simulation study that evaluated the performance of the scientific advisory process used by ICES to recommend total allowable catches (TACs) for roundfish stocks. A “management strategy evaluation” approach is used, involving development of an operating model to represent the underlying reality, and an observation model to generate pseudo data that are then used within a management procedure. The management procedure comprises an assessment that uses data to estimate parameters of interest and a decision rule to derive TAC recommendations for the following year. There are two important results: including realistic sources and levels of uncertainty can result in far from optimal management outcomes based on the current procedures; and current ICES biomass and fishing mortality reference points are not always consistent, and several are clearly inappropriate. This is because the types of projection used by ICES do not incorporate important lags between assessing stock status and implementing management measures, and they also ignore important sources of uncertainty about the actual dynamics, as well as our ability to collect data and implement management regulations (i.e. model, measurement, and implementation error, respectively). The simulation approach also showed that better management is not necessarily going to be achieved by improving the assessment, because even with a perfect assessment (where the simulated working group knew stock status perfectly), stocks may crash at fishing levels that standard stochastic projections would suggest were safe. It is proposed that, in future, operating models that represent the best available understanding of the actual system dynamics be used to evaluate models and rules considered for application. These operating models should capture the plausible range of characteristics of the underlying dynamics, but not necessarily model their full complexity. In general, they will be more complex than those used by assessment working groups, so developing management procedures that are robust to a broad range of uncertainty. However, the models and rules used as part of the management procedure should be simpler than those used at present.
An integrated growth study for North Atlantic albacore (Thunnus alalunga Bonn. 1788)
Authors: Santiago J. , Arrizabalaga H. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The growth of North Atlantic albacore (Thunnus alalunga) was studied using three methods. Spines collected during a fishing season (n = 761) were read and used to estimate growth parameters. Additional growth estimates were obtained by applying MULTIFAN to quarterly size frequency distributions of total international catch for the period 1990–1999 as well as using tag-recapture data (n = 314). In the case of spines and tagging, models that allowed for individual variability in growth were evaluated. In the analysis with size frequency distributions, a model that allowed for seasonal growth and age-dependent standard deviation around the mean lengths-at-age was used. Growth estimates were consistent among the different methods, and a combined model based on ageing derived from spines and tagging data is proposed as the most comprehensive descriptor of growth of North Atlantic albacore.
Monitoring utilization and need for obstetric care in the highlands of Guatemala
Authors: Bailey P. , de Bocaletti E. , Barrios G. , de Cross Y. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo monitor changes in the utilization and need for obstetric care between 1995 and 1998 at three hospitals in the highlands of Guatemala.MethodsWe collected data on 5300 obstetric admissions from maternity registries and selected 10 indicators to measure intermediate outcomes.ResultsUtilization of services increased at some or all hospitals as measured by the number of obstetric admissions, proportion of births in facilities, and cesarean deliveries as a proportion of all births. We observed increases in the proportion of women expected to have obstetric complications who were treated at each hospital and in the proportion of women with obstetric complications who were referrals. The changes in patient profile reflect increased service utilization and accessibility among women who traditionally used the health system the least.ConclusionsPositive changes in these indicators are likely to be associated with a reduction in maternal mortality. Without a control area, we cannot be sure of a cause and effect relationship between outcomes and interventions, nevertheless, maternity registry data offer an inexpensive source of information for facilities to monitor changes.
Parasuicide in pregnancy
Authors: Marishane T. , Moodley J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractParasuicide is a significant risk factor for completed suicide. Furthermore, suicide is emerging as an important cause of maternal death, especially among young mothers. There are no published reports of parasuicide in pregnancy from poor countries. Three cases are reported to highlight this issue and to demonstrate management options available to health professionals working in the field of women's health.
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Problems at the Wrist–Classification, Surgical Treatment and Results
Authors: ALLENDE C. , LE VIET D. 
Published: April 2005

Twenty-eight extensor carpi ulnaris lesions at the wrist were treated surgically between 1990 and 2002. Fifteen patients had an isolated extensor carpi ulnaris tenosynovitis or tendinopathy, five had extensor carpi ulnaris dislocation, four had an extensor carpi ulnaris subluxation and four had an extensor carpi ulnaris rupture. Seventeen patients first developed their symptoms while playing sports. At a mean follow-up of 23 months, twenty-two patients had returned to their previous activities. Seven of the 27 patients had lost more than 30% of their grip strength and five had restricted wrist motion. Two needed an extensor carpi ulnaris tenolysis. Pure isolated extensor carpi ulnaris lesions are rare and associated ulnar sided lesions (eleven triangular fibrocartilage complex tears and four lunotriquetral ligament tears), as well as possible predisposing factors (seven anomalous tendon slips, four ulnar styloid non-unions and one flat extensor carpi ulnaris tendon groove), were frequent. A classification of extensor carpi ulnaris tendon and subsheath lesions was developed to allow the surgeon to adequately evaluate the different components of these lesions.
Characterization of a chronic infection in an internally‐stabilized segmental defect in the rat femur
Authors: Chen Xinqian , Tsukayama Dean T. , Kidder Louis S. , Bourgeault Craig A. , Schmidt Andrew H. , Lew William D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize a new model of chronic osteomyelitis with clinically relevant features. A segmental defect of critical size was surgically created in the rat femur, stabilized with a polyacetyl plate and Kirschner wires, and contaminated with bacteria. The animals were allowed to recover while the contamination progressed to a chronic infection. At a later point in time, the defect was surgically débrided without removing the implant. Further treatments of interest, such as antibiotic therapy or application of an osteogenic agent, could be introduced at this time. To implement this model, an initial experiment was performed to determine the bacterial inoculum and time from contamination that would reliably result in an infected defect without causing excessive bone damage by the time débridement surgery was performed. The number of recovered bacteria, degree of radiographic bony lysis, and torsional stiffness of the defect fixation were measured in 192 rats as a function of 4 inocula of Staphylococcus aureus (103, 104, 105 or 106 CFUs) and 4 times from contamination (1, 2, 3 or 4 weeks). A 104 CFU inoculum over 2 weeks was found to consistently create an infection without severe lysis and loss of fixation stability. Based on these values, a second experiment was performed in 96 rats to characterize the débrided defect over time (2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after débridement), with and without 4 weeks of the antibiotic ceftriaxone, in terms of the same outcome variables. Infection was persistent in all animals in spite of débridement and antibiotic therapy. Antibiotic therapy did not reduce the degree of bony lysis. Compared with animals not given antibiotic, bacterial counts significantly decreased during the period of antibiotic therapy, but then rebounded to significantly higher levels at 12 weeks. This model allows us to perform further studies on differing regimens of antibiotic therapy and their relationship to surgical débridement, and on the efficacy of osteogenic agents in the presence of infection. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Tendon reattachment to a metallic implant using an allogenic bone plate augmented with rhOP‐1 vs. autogenous cancellous bone and marrow in a canine model
Authors: Higuera Carlos A. , Inoue Nozomu , Lim Jonathan S. , Zhang Renwen , Dimaano Nena , Frassica Frank J. , Chao Edmund Y. S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFunctionality of endoprosthetic reconstruction may be improved through secure and lasting soft tissue reattachment directly to the metallic implant surface. Tendon reattachment to the metallic surface of a titanium implant (enhanced tendon anchor, ETA) using autogenous bone plate as an interpositional structure between the tendon and metal, augmented with autogenous bone chips and marrow, provided successful mechanical and functional outcome. However, preparation of the autogenous bone plate is not practical in a clinical setting, but application of an allogenic bone plate could be an alternative. The autogenous cancellous bone and marrow may also be substituted by bone growth factors so that no autogenous bone graft is required. We hypothesized that the reconstitution of the direct tendon–bone insertion morphology in tendon reattachment to metallic implant could be achieved using allogenic cancellous bone plate augmented with autogenous cancellous bone and marrow, and that the autogenous bone grafts could be replaced by recombinant human osteogenic protein‐1 (rhOP‐1). In two canine groups the supraspinatus tendon was reattached unilaterally to a modified ETA implant with a highly porous metallic surface known as Tritanium Dimensionalized MetalTM. Allogenic bone plates saturated with rhOP‐1‐collagen putty were used in the OP‐1 (OP) group, while plates saturated with autogenous cancellous bone and marrow were used in the bone marrow (BM) group. Functional, radiographical, mechanical and histomorphological analysis results were compared between both groups. At 15 weeks, gait analysis showed 78% and 81% recovery of preoperative weight‐bearing in OP and BM groups, respectively. The calcified area around the tendon in OP group was 5.2 times larger than that in BM group (p < 0.001). The ultimate tensile strength of the reattachment was 24% and 38% of the intact contralateral side in OP and BM groups, respectively, without significant difference between them. There was evidence of tendon–bone insertion transitional zones, tissue ingrowth and adhesion to the metallic surface in both groups. In conclusion, the use of the allograft combined with rhOP‐1 had a similar effect as combined with autogenous cancellous bone and marrow in the tendon reattachment to the metallic surface. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Clockwork Nation: Modern Time, Moral Perfectionism and American Identity in Catharine Beecher and Henry Thoreau
Authors: ALLEN THOMAS 
Published: April 2005

The economy of time, and our obligation to spend every hour for some useful end, are what few minds properly realize.
Catharine Beecher, A Treatise on Domestic Economy (1841)There were times when I could not afford to sacrifice the bloom of the present moment to any work, whether of the head or hands.
Henry David Thoreau, Walden; Or, Life in the Woods (1854)In his seminal 1967 essay “Time, Work-Discipline, and Industrial Capitalism,” E. P. Thompson codified the theory that modern life, characterized by capitalism and industry, would not be possible without the regulating, organizing, and disciplining power of the clock. The theory of clock time's importance to modernity, first proposed by Georg Simmel around the turn of the twentieth century and later adopted by Lewis Mumford, became conventional wisdom among social and economic historians writing after Thompson's brilliant exposition. The introduction of mechanical clocks into factories in England, Thompson argues, resulted in a “restructuring of working habits” and a concomitant change in the “inward notation of time” that led individuals to accept the industrial revolution's basic premises of quantifiable wage labor and systematic production. According to Thompson's successors, historians such as David Landes, the relationship between clocks and other forms of modernization has been recursive; advances in technology have made it possible to measure time more accurately, and this greater accuracy has in turn facilitated greater productivity, more efficient transportation networks (think of railroad timetables), and the punctuality so important to modern business. Moreover, political theorists have argued that the ubiquitous experience of precisely measured time has been fundamental to linking individuals into self-consciously modern national groups, “imagined communities” in Benedict Anderson's terms, moving forward together through a shared historical simultaneity. The result of temporal modernization, this very diverse group of thinkers agrees, has been a world made over both economically and politically to suit the clockwork rationality of the capitalist market.
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition Potentiates Multiple Organ Dysfunction Induced by Endotoxin in Conscious Rats
Authors: Lee Chia-Chi , Lin Nien-Tseng , Hsu Yung Hsing , Chen Hsing I 
Published: April 2005

Abstract:

This study was designed to investigate the effects of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibition with S-methylisothiourea (SMT) and L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine (L-Nil) on the endotoxemia induced by intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg) in conscious rats. Arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR), WBC, platelets, plasma nitrite/nitrate, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and biochemical factors were measured for 24 hours after LPS with or without iNOS inhibitors. RT-PCR was employed to determine the iNOS and endothelial NOS (eNOS) mRNA. Pathologic examinations of the liver and heart were performed. SMT and L-Nil improved the systemic hypotension and increased the HR after LPS. These agents attenuated the LPS-induced leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia and the increase in nitrite/nitrate. However, iNOS inhibition aggravated the LPS-induced changes in TNFα, all biochemical factors, and the hepatic and cardiac tissue damage. The iNOS mRNA, but not the eNOS, was reduced. Our results in conscious rats indicate that iNOS inhibition enhances the organ dysfunction and tissue damage in sepsis. The discrepancy may be attributed to the method for evaluating the sepsis and the effects of anesthesia. Further investigation is required to ensure the effects of iNOS inhibition on sepsis before iNOS inhibitors can be applied in clinical cases with sepsis.
Antithrombotic Properties of the Thromboxane A2/Prostaglandin H2 Receptor Antagonist S18886 on Prevention of Platelet-Dependent Cyclic Flow Reductions in Dogs
Authors: Maalej Nabil , Osman Hashim E , Shanmuganayagam Dhanansayan , Shebuski Ronald J , Folts John D 
Published: April 2005

Abstract:

A potent thromboxane A2/PGH2 (TP)-receptor antagonist, S18886, was evaluated for its antithrombotic property in a dog model of acute periodic platelet-mediated thrombosis in stenosed coronary arteries with endothelial damage. After thrombosis had been obtained in 11 dogs, S18886 (300 μg/kg bolus) was administered IV. Heart rate, systemic blood pressure, and coronary blood flow were continuously recorded. Ex vivo whole blood platelet aggregation (PA), blood pH, hematocrit, platelet count, PO2, PCO2, and bleeding times were measured before and 30 minutes after administration of S18886. S18886 completely inhibited thrombosis in all dogs in approximately 5-10 minutes. No change in heart rate, blood pressure, pH, PO2, PCO2, platelet count, or bleeding time and a slight but significant elevation in hematocrit occurred. Infusion of epinephrine IV after complete inhibition of thrombosis by S18886 partially restored thrombosis in 3 of the 11 dogs. PA induced by collagen (4 μg/mL), collagen (0.25 μg/mL) plus epinephrine (1 μg/mL), collagen (1 μg/mL) plus epinephrine (1 μg/mL), ADP (40 μM) plus epinephrine (1 μg/mL), and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (0.5 nM) were attenuated by 90 ± 8% (P < 0.005), 98 ± 2% (P < 0.05), 78 ± 6% (P < 0.005), 70 ± 10% (P < 0.005), and 28 ± 8% (P < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, S18886 is a potent platelet inhibitor that attenuates in vivo platelet-dependent thrombosis in the experimental dog model and reduces ex vivo platelet aggregation.
Inhibition of cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Reverses Phenotypic Modulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Dey Nupur B , Foley Kevin F , Lincoln Thomas M , Dostmann Wolfgang R 
Published: April 2005

Abstract:

We have previously shown that type I cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) can alter the phenotype of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Although the expression of contractile proteins in VSMCs has been shown to be modulated with the induction of PKG, experiments in which PKG inhibition brings about reduced expression of contractile markers have not been performed. To more thoroughly examine the role of PKG in the expression of contractile proteins, recombinant adenovirus containing the PKG coding sequence (AD-PKG) was used to induce gene expression and morphologic changes in adult rat aortic VSMCs. Cells expressing PKG, but not control adenovirus-infected cells, began to express a specific marker protein for the contractile phenotype, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC), within 48 hours of PKG induction. The morphology of the AD-PKG-infected cells began to change from a fibroblastic phenotype to a spindle-shaped phenotype within 72 hours after PKG induction. The specific cell-permeable PKG inhibitory peptide DT-2, but not control peptides, reversed the biochemical and morphologic changes associated with PKG expression. These results suggest that PKG expression and activity in cultured VSMCs is capable of altering the VSMC phenotype. These data also verify the intracellular action of DT-2 and reveal uptake and dynamic properties of this PKG-inhibiting peptide.
T-Cadherin Mediates Low-Density Lipoprotein-Initiated Cell Proliferation Via the Ca2+-Tyrosine Kinase-Erk1/2 Pathway
Authors: Kipmen-Korgun Dijle , Osibow Karin , Zoratti Cristina , Schraml Elisabeth , Greilberger Joachim , Kostner Gerhard M , Jürgens Günther , Graier Wolfgang F 
Published: April 2005

Abstract:

The GPI-anchored protein T-cadherin was found to be an atypical LDL binding site that is expressed in various types of cells, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and neurons. Notably, the expression of T-cadherin was reduced in numerous types of cancers, although it was up-regulated in tumor-penetrating blood vessels, atherosclerotic lesions, and during neointima formation. Despite these intriguing findings, our knowledge of the physiological role and the signal transduction pathways associated with this protein is limited. Therefore, T-cadherin was overexpressed in the human umbilical vein-derived endothelial cell line EA.hy926, the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293, and LDL-initiated signal transduction, and its consequences were elucidated. Our data revealed that T-cadherin serves as a receptor specifically for LDL. Following LDL binding to T-cadherin, mitogenic signal transduction was initiated that involved activation of PLC and IP3 formation, which subsequently yielded intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Downstream to these early phenomena, activation of tyrosine kinase(s) Erk 1/2 kinase, and the translocation of NFκB toward the nucleus were found. Finally, overexpression of T-cadherin in HEK293 cells resulted in accelerated cell proliferation in an LDL-dependent manner, although cell viability was not influenced. Because LDL uptake was not facilitated by T-cadherin, our data suggest that T-cadherin serves as a signaling receptor for LDL that facilitates an LDL-dependent mitogenic signal in the vasculature.