bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of 4 mortality scores for surgical repair of type A aortic dissection: a multicentre external validation
Authors: Pollari Francesco , Nardi Paolo , Mikus Elisa , Ferraro Francesco , Gemelli Marco , Franzese Ilaria , Chirichilli Ilaria , Romagnoni Claudia , Santarpino Giuseppe , Nicolardi Salvatore , Scrofani Roberto , Musumeci Francesco , Mazzaro Enzo , Gerosa Gino , Massetti Massimo , Savini Carlo , Ruvolo Giovanni , Di Mauro Michele , Di Marco Luca , Barili Fabio , Parolari Alessandro , Fischlein Theodor ,   GIROC (Italian Research Group on Outcome in Cardiac Surgery), Pollari Francesco , Di Marco Luca , Franzese Ilaria , Trumello Cinzia , Nicolò Francesca , Sponga Sandro , Cuomo Michela , Salsano Antonio , Lechiancole Andrea , Russo Marco , Rosato Francesco 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In the last decades, 4 different scores for the prediction of mortality following surgery for type A acute aortic dissection (TAAD) were proposed. We aimed to validate these scores in a large external multicentre cohort.

METHODS
We retrospectively analysed patients who underwent surgery for TAAD between 2000 and 2020. Patients were enrolled from 10 centres from 2 European countries. Outcomes were the early (30-day and/or in-hospital) and 1-year mortality. Discrimination, calibration and observed/expected (O/E) ratio were evaluated.

RESULTS
A total of 1895 patients (31.7% females, mean age 63.72 ± 12.8 years) were included in the study. Thirty-day mortality and in-hospital mortality were 21.7% (n = 412) and 22.5% (n = 427) respectively. The German Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection Type A (GERAADA) score shows to have the best discrimination [area under the curve (AUC) 0.671 and 0.672] in predicting as well the early and the 1-year mortality, followed by the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD) model 1 (AUC 0.658 and 0.672), the Centofanti (AUC 0.645 and 0.66) and the UK aortic score (AUC 0.549 and 0.563). According to Hosmer–Lemeshow and Brier tests, the IRAD model I and GERAADA, respectively, were well calibrated for the early mortality, while the GERAADA and Centofanti for the 1-year mortality. The O/E analysis showed a marked underestimation for patients labelled as low-risk for UK aortic score and IRAD model I for both outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
The GERAADA score showed the best performance in comparison with other scores. However, none of them achieved together a fair discrimination and a good calibration for predicting either the early or the 1-year mortality.
Exploring polymorphism in a palatable prey: predation risk and frequency dependence in relation to distinct levels of conspicuousness
Authors: Poloni Riccardo , Dhennin Marina , Mappes Johanna , Joron Mathieu , Nokelainen Ossi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Camouflage and warning signals are different antipredator strategies, which offer an excellent opportunity to study the evolutionary forces acting on prey appearance. Edible prey often escape detection via camouflage, which usually leads to apostatic selection favoring rare morphs. By contrast, defended prey often display conspicuous coloration acting as warning signals to predators, which usually leads to positive frequency dependence and signal uniformity. However, when two morphs of the same species vary greatly in conspicuousness, the maintenance of both cryptic and conspicuous forms in profitable prey populations remains enigmatic. Using the white and melanic morphs of the invasive box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis) presented at three different frequencies, we investigate (a) the palatability of caterpillars and adult moths to birds, (b) predation rates on the less conspicuous melanic morph, and (c) the role of frequency dependence in balancing morph frequencies. Our results show that caterpillars are distasteful for birds but not adult moths that are fully palatable. We found that the less conspicuous, melanic morph, benefits from reduced predation due to its lower detectability. The more conspicuous, white morph, instead, is more predated and is best off when common, suggesting positive frequency dependence. These results offer new insights into the evolution of color polymorphism and prey defenses in a polymorphic moth species. Further investigation is required to understand the role of different predation regimes on the maintenance of the polymorphism in this species and test whether additional selection pressures operate in natural populations.
High sexual display trait diversity without measured genetic divergence in a montane hybrid zone involving young species (Habronattus americanus subgroup, Araneae: Salticidae)
Authors: Bougie Tierney , Brelsford Alan , Hedin Marshal 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Genetic introgression, allele exchange across species boundaries, is a commonly recognized feature of animal evolution. Under such a paradigm, contemporary contact zones provide first-hand insight into the geographic, phenotypic, and genetic details of introgression. Also, when mate choice phenotypes are conspicuous and variable in hybrids, contact zones provide potential insight into how sexual selection interacts with species boundary maintenance, particularly when postzygotic reproductive isolation is weak. The Habronattus americanus subgroup includes several recently evolved jumping spider species, with an estimated age of about 200,000 yr, and substantial evidence for hybridization and introgression. We explored a contact zone involving H. americanus (Keyserling, 1885) and H. kubai (Griswold, 1979) on Mount Shasta, CA, in alpine habitats that would have been unavailable (under ice) at the Last Glacial Maximum. We characterized morphological diversity within the contact zone, including the fine-scale geographic distribution of hybrid and parental individuals, and assessed genetic variation using ddRADseq data. Combined results indicate a lack of measured genomic differentiation between specimens with distinct morphologies, including individuals with phenotypes of the parental species. We identified a diverse array of hybrid morphologies, with phenotypic evidence for backcrossing, essentially forming a phenotypic bridge between parental taxa. The study area is characterized by more hybrid than parental individuals, with a significantly larger number of red-palped morphologies than white- and/or yellow-palped morphologies; the novel, white-palped phenotype is perhaps transgressive. Overall, these results contribute to a better understanding of the expected ebb and flow of lineage interactions during the early stages of speciation.
Differences in methylation profiles between long-term survivors and short-term survivors of IDH-wild-type glioblastoma
Authors: van der Meulen Matthijs , Ramos Ronald C , Voisin Mathew R , Patil Vikas , Wei Qingxia , Singh Olivia , Climans Seth A , Kalidindi Navya , Or Rosemarylin , Aldape Ken , Diamandis Phedias , Munoz David G , Zadeh Gelareh , Mason Warren P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) have a median overall survival (OS) of approximately 16 months. However, approximately 5% of patients survive &gt;5 years. This study examines the differences in methylation profiles between long-term survivors (&gt;5 years, LTS) and short-term survivors (&lt;1 year, STS) with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type GBMs.

Methods
In a multicenter retrospective analysis, we identified 25 LTS with a histologically confirmed GBM. They were age- and sex-matched to an STS. The methylation profiles of all 50 samples were analyzed with EPIC 850k, classified according to the DKFZ methylation classifier, and the methylation profiles of LTS versus STS were compared.

Results
After methylation profiling, 16/25 LTS and 23/25 STS were confirmed to be IDH-wild-type GBMs, all with +7/–10 signature. LTS had significantly increased O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation and higher prevalence of FGFR3-TACC3 fusion (P = .03). STS were more likely to exhibit CDKN2A/B loss (P = .01) and higher frequency of NF1 (P = .02) mutation. There were no significant CpGs identified between LTS versus STS at an adjusted P-value of .05. Unadjusted analyses identified key pathways involved in both LTS and STS. The most common pathways were the Hippo signaling pathway and the Wnt pathway in LTS, and GPCR ligand binding and cell–cell signaling in STS.

Conclusions
A small group of patients with IDH-wild-type GBM survive more than 5 years. While there are few differences in the global methylation profiles of LTS compared to STS, our study highlights potential pathways involved in GBMs with a good or poor prognosis.
On the road to equity: examining income-related inequalities in ownership of safer cars
Authors: Carrieri Vincenzo , Davillas Apostolos , de Oliveira Victor Hugo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Using administrative Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) data, matched with the UK Household Longitudinal Study (covering the period between 2013 and 2015), we estimate income-related inequalities in ownership of safer cars. We also apply regression-based decompositions to explore the source of inequalities. We find systematic pro-rich inequalities in ownership of safer cars that are almost entirely explained by the car's price and year of manufacture. A range of household-level variables, including demographics, risk aversion, time preference, personality traits, cognitive ability and education, play a much less pronounced contribution to overall inequality. The observed inequity in safer car ownership with potential effects on the socio-economic gap in road-traffic injuries may require regulatory interventions.
Hot carbonates deep within the Chicxulub impact structure
Authors: Kaskes Pim , Marchegiano Marta , Peral Marion , Goderis Steven , Claeys Philippe 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Constraining the thermodynamic conditions within an impact structure during and after hypervelocity impacts is extremely challenging due to the transient thermal regimes. This work uses carbonate clumped-isotope thermometry to reconstruct absolute temperatures of impact lithologies within and close to the ∼66 Myr old Chicxulub crater (Yucatán, México). We present stable oxygen (δ18O), carbon (δ13C), and clumped-isotope (Δ47) data for carbonate-bearing impact breccias, impact melt rock, and target lithologies from four drill cores on a transect through the Chicxulub structure from the northern peak ring to the southern proximal ejecta blanket. Clumped isotope-derived temperatures (T(Δ47)) are consistently higher than maximum Late Cretaceous sea surface temperatures (35.5°C), except in the case of Paleogene limestones and melt-poor impact breccias outside of the crater, confirming the influence of burial diagenesis and a widespread and long-lived hydrothermal system. The melt-poor breccia unit outside the crater is overlain by melt-rich impact breccia yielding a much higher T(Δ47) of 111 ± 10°C (1 standard error [SE]), which likely traces the thermal processing of carbonate material during ejection. Finally, T(Δ47) up to 327 ± 33°C (1 SE) is determined for the lower suevite and impact melt rock intervals within the crater. The highest temperatures are related to distinct petrological features associated with decarbonation and rapid back-reaction, in which highly reactive CaO recombines with impact-released CO2 to form secondary CaCO3 phases. These observations have important climatic implications for the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction event, as current numerical models likely overestimate the release of CO2 from the Chicxulub impact event.
Human RFX6 regulates endoderm patterning at the primitive gut tube stage
Authors: Nakamura Toshihiro , Fujikura Junji , Ito Ryo , Keidai Yamato , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Transcriptional factor RFX6 is known to be a causal gene of Mitchell–Riley syndrome (MRS), an autosomal recessive neonatal diabetes associated with pancreatic hypoplasia and intestinal atresia/malformation. The morphological defects are limited to posterior foregut and mid-hindgut endodermal lineages and do not occur in the anterior foregut lineage; the mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we generated RFX6+/eGFP heterozygous knockin and RFX6eGFP/eGFP homozygous knockin/knockout human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines and performed in vitro endoderm differentiation to clarify the role of RFX6 in early endoderm development. RFX6 expression was found to surge at the primitive gut tube (PGT) stage in comparison with that in the undifferentiated or definitive endoderm stage. At the PGT stage, the expression of PDX1 and CDX2, posterior foregut and mid-hindgut master regulators, respectively, was decreased by the RFX6 deficit. PDX1+ and CDX2+ cells were mostly green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ in RFX6+/eGFP hiPSCs, but their cell number was markedly decreased in RFX6eGFP/eGFP hiPSCs. The expression of SOX2, an anterior foregut marker, was not affected by the RFX6 deficit. In addition, we found a putative RFX6-binding X-box motif using cap analysis of gene expression-seq and the motif-containing sequences in the enhancer regions of PDX1 and CDX2 bound to RFX6 in vitro. Thus, RFX6 regulates the ParaHox genes PDX1 and CDX2 but does not affect SOX2 in early endodermal differentiation, suggesting that defects in early stage endoderm patterning account for the morphological pathology of MRS.
Impact of sleep disruption on cognitive function in patients with postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: initial findings from a Neuro-COVID-19 clinic
Authors: Reid Kathryn J , Ingram Louis T , Jimenez Millenia , Orban Zachary S , Abbott Sabra M , Grimaldi Daniela , Knutson Kristen L , Zee Phyllis C , Koralnik Igor J , Maas Mathew B 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Fatigue, brain fog, and sleep disturbance are among the most common symptoms of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). We sought to determine the impact of sleep disruption on cognition and quality of life in patients with neurologic manifestations of PASC (Neuro-PASC).

Methods
Thirty-nine patients were recruited from Neuro-COVID-19 clinic. Mean age was 48.1 years, 71.8% were female, and 82% were never hospitalized for COVID-19. Patients were evaluated via clinical assessment, quality-of-life measures in domains of cognitive function, fatigue, sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression, NIH Toolbox cognitive tests, and 7 days of wrist actigraphy.

Results
The median number of neurologic symptoms attributed to PASC was 6, with brain fog being the most common in 89.7%. Regarding non-neurologic symptoms, 94.9% complained of fatigue and 74.4% of insomnia. Patients reported significant impairment in all quality-of-life domains and performed worse in a task of attention compared to a normative US population. Actigraphy showed Neuro-PASC patients had lower sleep efficiency, longer sleep latency (both p &lt; 0.001), and later sleep midpoint (p = 0.039) compared to 71 age-matched healthy controls with no PASC history. Self-reported cognitive symptoms correlated with the severity of fatigue (p &lt; 0.001), anxiety (p = 0.05), and depression (p &lt; 0.01). Objective evidence of sleep disruption measured by wakefulness after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, and latency were associated with decreased performance in attention and processing speed.

Conclusion
Prospective studies including larger populations of patients are needed to fully determine the interplay of sleep disruption on the cognitive function and quality of life of patients with PASC.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of hyperuricemia among patients with chronic kidney disease under haemodialysis in a tertiary care center: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bhattarai Ayush Mohan , Gurung Shekhar , Adhikari Ayush , Karki Saurab , Pathak Bishnu Deep , Regmi Bishal , Khadka Manoj , Yadav Gopal Kumar , Basnet Somika 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Hyperuricemia is common in chronic kidney disease patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of hyperuricemia in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis.

Materials and methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 104 patients with chronic kidney disease who visited the haemodialysis unit of a tertiary centre hospital from 11 September 2022, to 11 November 2022. A convenience sampling technique was used. The data were collected using a proforma form, entered into, and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.

Results:
The mean age group of the study participants was 54.02 ± 14.03 years, and around two-thirds were male (n=70, 67.3%). Almost half of the participants (50, 48.07%) had hyperuricemia with a mean uric acid level of 6.76 ± 2.62 mg/dl. The majority of the participants had associated hypertension (n=100, 96.2%). More than three-fourths of the respondents (83, 79.8%) had haemoglobin levels below the target range.

Conclusion:
Nearly half of the study participants had hyperuricemia.
Effect of High-Intensity Laser Therapy on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Patients
Authors: ElMeligie Mohamed M. , Ismail Mahmoud M. , Gomaa Yasmine S. , Yehia Amr M. , Sakr Hend R. , ElGendy Omnia M. 
Published: January 2024

Objective
To provide a strong foundation for the use of high-intensity laser therapy in carpel tunnel syndrome, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the outcomes of short- and long-term follow-up studies.

Design
This is a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Results
Sample sizes of included studies ranged from 16 to 98 patients (N = 308). Overall, a significant difference between the treatment and control groups were found across majority of the measures. Studies using a 4-wk follow-up period, however, only found significantly greater benefits for high-intensity laser therapy in visual analog scale compared with placebo (P = 0.0191), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (P = 0.0026), and low-intensity laser therapy 20 J/cm2 (P < 0.0002), and exercise (P < 0.0001). For improvement in visual analog scale score over a long treatment period, high-intensity laser therapy was also preferred over control group (P < 0.0071). Insufficient evidence exists to determine effect of high-intensity laser therapy on nerve conduction examinations. The only statistically significant differences observed in examinations were in relation to sensory nerve action potential (P = 0.0083) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (P = 0.0468).

Conclusions
Moderate evidence exists regarding efficacy of high-intensity laser therapy compared with placebo, high-intensity laser therapy + wrist splint, and exercise in a short period of follow-up time but evidence on long-term follow-up is limited.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation Improves Cognitive Function of Persons With Long COVID
Authors: Sathyamoorthy Mohanakrishnan , Sevak Rajkumar J. , Cabrera Juan , Lopez Marielisa , Fox Jessie , Shah Sachin A. , Verduzco-Gutierrez Monica 
Published: January 2024

Objective
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) in patients with long COVID and objectively assessed cognitive impairment.

Design
A retrospective evaluation of long COVID patients referred for EECP, with cognitive sequela, and having completed an objective digital assessment before and after therapy. Patients had either cognitive impairment or no cognitive impairment at baseline. We assessed changes in composite score using multifactor analysis of variance. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate several independent variables.

Results
Eighty long COVID patients (38 cognitive impairment vs. 42 no cognitive impairment) were included for analyses. All baseline characteristics were well matched. There was significant improvement in composite score post EECP in those with objective cognitive impairment at baseline. There were no notable documented safety concerns.

Conclusions
This is the first study showing that EECP led to significant improvement in cognitive functioning of long COVID patients with objectively defined cognitive impairment. Although a lack of a negative control group is a limitation of this study, EECP seems to be highly safe and effective with the potential for widespread application.
Carbohydrate-active enzyme annotation in microbiomes using dbCAN
Authors: Zheng Jinfang , Huang Le , Yi Haidong , Yan Yuchen , Zhang Xinpeng , Akresi Jerry , Yin Yanbin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCAZymes or carbohydrate-active enzymes are critically important for human gut health, lignocellulose degradation, global carbon recycling, soil health, and plant disease. We developed dbCAN as a web server in 2012 and actively maintain it for automated CAZyme annotation. Considering data privacy and scalability, we provide run_dbcan as a standalone software package since 2018 to allow users perform more secure and scalable CAZyme annotation on their local servers. Here, we offer a comprehensive computational protocol on automated CAZyme annotation of microbiome sequencing data, covering everything from short read pre-processing to data visualization of CAZyme and glycan substrate occurrence and abundance in multiple samples. Using a real-world metagenomic sequencing dataset, this protocol describes commands for dataset and software preparation, metagenome assembly, gene prediction, CAZyme prediction, CAZyme gene cluster (CGC) prediction, glycan substrate prediction, and data visualization. The expected results include publication-quality plots for the abundance of CAZymes, CGCs, and substrates from multiple CAZyme annotation routes (individual sample assembly, co-assembly, and assembly-free). For the individual sample assembly route, this protocol takes ∼33h on a Linux computer with 40 CPUs, while other routes will be faster. This protocol does not require programming experience from users, but it does assume a familiarity with the Linux command-line interface and the ability to run Python scripts in the terminal. The target audience includes the tens of thousands of microbiome researchers who routinely use our web server. This protocol will encourage them to perform more secure, rapid, and scalable CAZyme annotation on their local computer servers.
An exploratory study of factors influencing user app abandonment on smartphones
Authors: Liang Shaobo , Wei Ziyi , Zang Lan 
Published: January 2024

PurposeNot all apps can be favored on a smartphone. Users are bound to abandon some if they lose value. Analyzing the reasons behind this phenomenon can help develop strategies for avoiding app abandonment, which is the focus of this study.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted in-depth open interviews with 47 respondents who had abandoned or deleted mobile apps before and used the qualitative research method grounded theory to analyze the interview content, followed by open coding, axial coding and selective coding.FindingsSeven main reasons are summarized after the relationship between every statement and concept is found and constructed, namely functional value, information expectation, emotional value, platform service, user trust, cost, and social influence.Originality/valueBased on these findings, this study provided suggestions for mobile app developers to help them effectively improve the user experience and retain their customers.