bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global trends in the burden of chronic kidney disease attributable to type 2 diabetes: An age‐period‐cohort analysis
Authors: Liu Wenli , Zhang Duo , Wang Ruobing , Chen Junhui , Zhang Jiaqi , Tao Di , Liu Chaonan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo assess temporal trends of chronic kidney disease (CKD) attributable to type 2 diabetes (T2D) globally and in five sociodemographic index (SDI) regions.Materials and MethodsWe extracted the population data and CKD burden attributable to T2D from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We evaluated the trends of disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), mortality, prevalence and incidence through age‐period‐cohort modelling, and calculated net drifts (overall annual percentage changes), local drifts (annual percentage changes in each age group), longitudinal age curves (fitted longitudinal age‐specific rates), period relative risks (RRs) and cohort RRs.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the global burden of CKD attributable to T2D showed increasing trends in general. The burden of CKD attributable to T2D was highest in the middle SDI region and lowest in the low SDI region. Age effects increased with age, and peaked at the ages of 75‐79 and 80‐84 years for incidence and prevalence, respectively. Period RRs in the burden of CKD attributable to T2D increased, with the high SDI being the most remarkable in DALYs and mortality, and the middle SDI being the most notable in incidence. Cohort RRs showed unfavourable trends in incidence and prevalence among recent cohorts.ConclusionsAfter a lengthy period of multi‐initiative diabetes management, the high‐middle SDI region exhibited improvement. However, unresolved issues and improvement gaps were still remarkable. Future efforts to reduce the burden of CKD attributable to T2D in the population should prioritize addressing the unfavourable patterns identified.
Prognostic value of transvalvular flow rate in patients with low‐gradient severe aortic stenosis: A dobutamine stress echocardiography study
Authors: Onishi Hirokazu , Izumo Masaki , Nishikawa Haruka , Suzuki Tomomi , Sato Yukio , Watanabe Mika , Kuwata Shingo , Kamijima Ryo , Naganuma Toru , Nakamura Sunao , Akashi Yoshihiro J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundsThere are limited data on the clinical relevance of transvalvular flow rate (Qmean) at rest (Qrest) and at peak stress (Qstress) during dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in patients with low‐gradient severe aortic stenosis (LG‐SAS).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with LG‐SAS who underwent DSE. LG‐SAS was defined as an aortic valve (AV) area index of < .6 cm2/m2 and a mean AV pressure gradient (AVPG) of < 40 mm Hg. The primary endpoint included all‐cause death and heart failure hospitalization.ResultsOf 100 patients (mean age 79.5 ± 7.3 years; men, 45.0%; resting left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 52.1% ± 15.9%; resting stroke volume index 35.8 ± 7.7 mL/m2; Qrest 171.8 ± 34.9 mL/s), the primary endpoint occurred in 51 patients during a median follow‐up of 2.84 (interquartile range 1.01–5.21) years. When the study patients were divided into three subgroups based on Qrest and Qstress, the multivariate analysis showed that Qrest < 200 mL/s and Qstress ≥200 mL/s (hazard ratio 3.844; 95% confidence interval 1.143–12.930; p = .030), as well as Qrest and Qstress < 200 mL/s (hazard ratio 9.444; 95% confidence interval 2.420–36.850; p = .001), were significantly associated with unfavorable outcomes with Qrest and Qstress ≥200 mL/s as a reference after adjusting for resting LVEF, resting mean AVPG, chronic kidney disease, New York Heart Association functional class III/IV, and AV replacement.ConclusionsFlow conditions based on the combination of Qrest and Qstress are helpful for risk stratification in LG‐SAS patients.
Reciprocal altruism in Norway rats
Authors: Engelhardt Sacha C. , Taborsky Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractReciprocal altruism has been proposed to generate evolutionarily stable levels of cooperation, but empirical evidence in non‐human animals is contentious. A series of experimental studies on Norway rats revealed that these animals reciprocate received help by using decision rules characterising direct and generalized reciprocity. The direct reciprocity decision rule states that individuals should help someone who previously helped them, whereas the generalized reciprocity decision rule implies that individuals should help anyone after having received help from someone. Here, we present results from meta‐analyses assessing if Norway rats generally help partners according to the direct and generalized reciprocity decision rules by giving more help sooner and matching help received either to previously cooperative partners or to anyone after having received help from a conspecific. We also compared the rats' performance when applying the direct or generalized reciprocity decision rules. Results from these meta‐analyses clearly show that female and male focal rats help partners according to the direct reciprocity decision rule. Rats did not adjust the amount of help they gave by matching the help they received according to both the direct and generalized reciprocity decision rules; however, they may adjust the duration to the first help they gave by matching the help they received according to the direct reciprocity decision rule. Female, but not male, focal rats help partners according to the generalized reciprocity decision rule. There was no apparent difference in the help given by female rats to partners between the direct and generalized reciprocity decision rules. These results (i) demonstrate, across a wide range of studies, the reciprocal cooperation of Norway rats by use of decision rules denoting direct and generalized reciprocity, and (ii) suggest that rats may frequently apply the cognitively less demanding decision rule of generalized reciprocity, unless they need to distinguish between individuals differing in helpfulness.
Temporal shifts in the functional composition of Andean forests at different elevations are driven by climate change
Authors: Martínez‐Villa Johanna Andrea , Durán Sandra M. , Enquist Brian J. , Duque Alvaro , Messier Christian , Paquette Alain 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimAndean forests are a global biodiversity hotspot. They harbour many species living within narrow climate ranges and a high functional diversity of trees. It remains still unclear how such hotspots respond to climatic changes over time. We investigated whether Andean forests are changing their functional composition over time along an elevational gradient by assessing changes in species composition, abundance and functional traits.LocationAn elevational gradient in Colombia's northern Andes.Time PeriodSpecies composition changes were studied two to four times from 2006 to 2017, and functional composition from 2016 to 2017.Major Taxa StudiedA total of 1104 tropical tree species with in situ traits characterization.MethodsWe used seven morphological leaf traits and wood density values to analyse the functional trait dynamic over 10 years along an elevational gradient. By analysing changes in species composition, abundance and trait representation, we inferred the magnitude and direction of changes in functional composition. Then, we assessed if the functional change was related to climate change and demography.ResultsWith increased minimum temperature and vapour‐pressure deficit, we found a decrease over time in mean values for leaf area and specific leaf area and increases in leaf thickness and leaf dry matter content. Long‐term temperature increases are smaller with increasing elevation, but the magnitude of trait changes is greater than in lowlands.Main ConclusionsThe functional composition is changing towards more conservative strategies over time across the elevation gradient, with the strongest changes observed at the highest elevations. This pattern is explained by the change in species turnover within communities due to higher recruitment rates of species with high leaf dry matter content values and low leaf area values. These shifts may be related to communities' responses to higher evapotranspiration demand and thermal stress, mainly at higher elevations.
Anastomosing haemangioma of the mediastinum: Clinicopathological series with radiological and genetic characterisation
Authors: Caldwell Nicholas J , Ackman Jeanne B , Chebib Ivan , Mino‐Kenudson Mari , Nielsen G Petur , Hung Yin P 
Published: November 2023

AimsAnastomosing haemangiomas are benign tumours with anastomosing vascular channels that may mimic angiosarcoma. While anastomosing haemangiomas have been described in diverse locations, particularly the abdominal/paraspinal region, data on anastomosing haemangiomas in the mediastinum remain limited. We report the clinicopathological, radiological and molecular characteristics of the largest single‐institutional series of mediastinal anastomosing haemangiomas.Methods and resultsIn our pathology archives in 2011–23, we reviewed all vascular lesions involving the mediastinum and identified seven anastomosing haemangiomas. Clinical information was abstracted from medical charts; available radiological imaging was reviewed. Targeted DNA‐based next‐generation sequencing (447 genes, including GNAQ and GNA11) was performed on five cases. The seven patients included five women and two men, with an age range of 55–77 (median = 72) years. Of the six tumours with available radiology, two each were in the prevascular, visceral and paravertebral mediastinum, with lobulated peripheral enhancement in all tumours examined with contrast enhancement. Six patients underwent tumour resection; one patient received proton radiotherapy. Microscopically, each tumour was solitary and characterised by anastomosing capillary‐sized vessels lined by hobnail endothelial cells. Fibrin microthrombi, hyaline globules and extramedullary haematopoiesis were common. In the five tumours analysed by next‐generation sequencing, GNAQ p.Q209P was identified in one tumour; no additional reportable alterations were identified in the remaining cases. No recurrence was noted in the four patients with available follow‐up of 3–58 (median = 9.5) months after resection.ConclusionWhile mediastinal anastomosing haemangiomas can microscopically mimic angiosarcoma, awareness of this entity and radiological correlation may help to circumvent this diagnostic pitfall.
Molecular regulators of exercise‐mediated insulin sensitivity in non‐obese individuals
Authors: Almuraikhy Shamma , Doudin Asmaa , Domling Alexander , Althani Asmaa Ali J. F. , Elrayess Mohamed A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInsulin resistance is a significant contributor to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is associated with obesity, physical inactivity, and low maximal oxygen uptake. While intense and prolonged exercise may have negative effects, physical activity can have a positive influence on cellular metabolism and the immune system. Moderate exercise has been shown to reduce oxidative stress and improve antioxidant status, whereas intense exercise can increase oxidative stress in the short term. The impact of exercise on pro‐inflammatory cytokine production is complex and varies depending on intensity and duration. Exercise can also counteract the harmful effects of ageing and inflamm‐ageing. This review aims to examine the molecular pathways altered by exercise in non‐obese individuals at higher risk of developing T2D, including glucose utilization, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, inflammation and oxidative stress, with the potential to improve insulin sensitivity. The focus is on understanding the potential benefits of exercise for improving insulin sensitivity and providing insights for future targeted interventions before onset of disease.
Non‐Fungible Tokens (NFTs): A Review of Pricing Determinants, Applications and Opportunities
Authors: Kräussl Roman , Tugnetti Alessandro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper provides a review of the development of the non‐fungible tokens (NFTs) market, with a particular focus on its pricing determinants, its current applications, and its future opportunities. We investigate the current state of the NFT markets and highlight the perception and expectations of investors toward these products. We summarize and compare the financial and econometric models that have been used in the literature for the pricing of non‐fungible tokens with a special focus on their predictive performance. We design a framework that can help to understand the price formation of NFTs. We further aim to shed light on the value‐creating determinants of NFTs in order to better understand investors’ behavior on the blockchain.
Upbeat or Off‐the‐Mark? How Work Rhythms Affect Strategic Change
Authors: Stephenson Kathleen A. , Cornelissen Joep P. , Khapova Svetlana N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study examines how organizational members cope with new work rhythms that are brought about by a strategic organizational change. Based on a two‐year qualitative case study of a major strategic change in a research unit at a university that encouraged academics to embody an upbeat, energetic work rhythm, we identify four different modes of engaging with rhythms (syncing, tuning, figuring, and settling). We found that individual academics engaged rhythmically in different ways to meet this expected way of working and with discernible consequences for how they participated in the strategic change and ultimately were able to support the change, or not. Based on our study findings, we conceptualize a process model of rhythmic coping that highlights a central but often overlooked part of strategic change with significant implications for the success of a change as well as for the continued health and well‐being of employees.
Patterns of chromosome evolution in ruminants
Authors: Arias‐Sardá Cristina , Quigley Sarah , Farré Marta 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStudying when and where gross genomic rearrangements occurred during evolution is key to understanding changes in genome structure with functional consequences that might eventually lead to speciation. Here we identified chromosome rearrangements in ruminants, a clade characterized by large chromosome differences. Using 26 genome assemblies, we reconstructed five ancestral karyotypes and classified the rearrangement events occurring in each lineage. With these reconstructions, we then identified evolutionary breakpoints regions (EBRs) and synteny fragments. Ruminant karyotype evolution is characterized by inversions, while interchromosomal rearrangements occurred preferentially in the oldest ancestor of ruminants. We found that EBRs are depleted of protein coding genes, including housekeeping genes. Similarly, EBRs are not enriched in high GC regions, suggesting that meiotic double strand breaks might not be their origin. Overall, our results characterize at fine detail the location of chromosome rearrangements in ruminant evolution and provide new insights into the formation of EBRs.
Hyper‐reduced order models for accelerating parametric analyses on reinforced concrete structures subjected to earthquakes
Authors: Bodnar Bastien , Larbi Walid , Titirla Magdalini , Deü Jean‐François , Gatuingt Fabrice , Ragueneau Frédéric 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper combines a hyper‐reduction procedure, the proper orthogonal decomposition unassembled discrete empirical interpolation method, with a non‐iterative α‐operator splitting (α‐OS) time‐integration scheme for accelerating parametric analyses on damageable civil engineering structures subjected to earthquakes. Applications on a two‐story reinforced concrete frame building modeled by multi‐fiber beams provide guidelines to define hyper‐reduced order models (HROMs) for real‐life applications that use seismic databases or variable loading assumptions. The α‐OS HROMs proved their applicability in approximating high‐fidelity dynamic responses with speed‐up factors higher than 60 and errors lower than 0.6% for the present case study.
Mental strength: A theory of experience intensity
Authors: Morales Jorge 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOur pains can be more or less intense, our mental imagery can be more or less vivid, our perceptual experiences can be more or less striking. These degrees of intensity of conscious experiences are all manifestations of a phenomenal property I call mental strength. In this article, I argue that mental strength is a domain‐general phenomenal magnitude; in other words, it is a phenomenal quantity shared by all conscious experiences that explains their degree of felt intensity. Mental strength has been largely overlooked in favor of mental states’ type, representational contents, domain‐specific phenomenology, or processes such as attention. Considering mental strength in our reflections about the mind illuminates debates about the relation of representational contents and phenomenal character, and it also helps address questions about the structure and functions of consciousness. Mental strength provides a unifying construct to model what is shared in the phenomenology of different types of conscious experiences.
Do bipolar disorder symptom profiles matter for suicide risk? A latent class approach to investigating differences in suicidal desire and acquired capability
Authors: Freitag Stephanie , Au Josephine S. , Liu Daphne Y. , Mekawi Yara , Lamis Dorian A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionDepressive and mixed symptoms in bipolar disorder (BD) have been linked to higher suicide risk. Based on Klonsky and May's three‐step theory and Joiner's Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide, we hypothesized that patients diagnosed with BD who reported severe levels of depressive symptoms and mixed depressive and manic symptoms would also report higher levels of suicidal desire and acquired capability of suicide, as well as suicidal thoughts and behaviors.MethodsThe sample included 177 outpatients diagnosed with BD. Latent class analysis was conducted to replicate the identified groups of a previously conducted study using a smaller but overlapping dataset. Between‐class and pairwise analyses with measures of suicidal desire and acquired capability were conducted.ResultsAs expected, the classes characterized by severe depressive symptoms and mixed symptoms reported higher levels of suicidal desire. However, the results regarding acquired capability were less consistent.ConclusionGiven the overall elevated suicide risk of BD and the consistent relationship between depressive symptoms and other strong correlates of suicide, clinicians who work with patients diagnosed with BD should closely monitor changes in their depressive symptoms.
Bubbling beyond the barrier: exosomal RNA as a vehicle for soma–germline communication
Authors: Phillips Daniel , Noble Denis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract‘Weismann's barrier’ has restricted theories of heredity to the transmission of genomic variation for the better part of a century. However, the discovery and elucidation of epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation such as DNA methylation and histone modifications has renewed interest in studies on the inheritance of acquired traits and given them mechanistic plausibility. Although it is now clear that these mechanisms allow many environmentally acquired traits to be transmitted to the offspring, how phenotypic information is communicated from the body to its gametes has remained a mystery. Here, we discuss recent evidence that such communication is mediated by somatic RNAs that travel inside extracellular vesicles to the gametes where they reprogram the offspring epigenome and phenotype. How gametes learn about bodily changes has implications not only for the clinic, but also for evolutionary theory by bringing together intra‐ and intergenerational mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity and adaptation.
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Reducing Waste Outflow to Motivate Water Conservation
Authors: Halabieh S. , Shu L. H. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A novel intervention to increase water-conserving behavior was developed and tested. Behavior-change interventions range from information-based, where individuals have full control over whether they act on the provided information, to forcing/automation, where individuals have no control over the desired behavior. This study’s intervention was devised to be more forceful than providing information alone, but unlike forcing/automation, still allows individuals to control whether they perform the desired behavior. While resource-conservation strategies tend to target resource intake, the studied intervention examines whether limiting resource waste outflow can also limit resource intake. Specific to water, this study explored whether reducing wastewater outflow, causing accumulation, can reduce water inflow. Data were collected online using simulations of handwashing at a sink, which had different sink-outflow rates. Amazon Mechanical Turk workers completed three randomly ordered handwashing simulations. Study participants (n = 72) significantly reduced simulated consumption of water when it accumulated quickly in the sink (p &lt; 0.001). Participants reduced simulated water consumption, on average by 14% at lower outflow rates, as they decreased inflow rates to prevent sink overflow. In contrast to informational interventions that rely on user motivation, reducing outflow significantly decreased simulated water usage, independent of participant-reported performance of other pro-environmental behaviors. Thus, reducing outflow may be effective regardless of individuals’ motivation to act sustainably. Also discussed is the value of online simulations to test pro-environmental behavior interventions. Finally, limitations and next steps, including in-person testing, are outlined as future work.
Spatiotemporal observations of host-pathogen interactions in mucosa during SARS-CoV-2 infection indicate a protective role of ILC2s
Authors: Hu Wei , Meng Lu , Wang Chao , Lu Wenhan , Tong Xiaoyu , Lin Rui , Xu Tao , Chen Liang , Cui An , Xu Xiaoqing , Li Anni , Tang Jia , Gao Hongru , Pei Zhenle , Zhang Ruonan , Wang Yicong , Wang Yu , Han Wendong , Jiang Ning , Xiong Chenglong , Feng Yi , Lee Kuinyu , Chen Mingquan 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play a crucial role in mucosal protection and tissue homeostasis. However, the early mucosal defense mechanisms against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus have not been fully understood to date. This knowledge gap has motivated us to develop a coronavirus disease 2019-like mouse model to investigate the interactions between the virus, its receptor, and ILCs. In our study, we conducted intranasal challenges using pseudovirus expressing Spike (PSV-S) to examine the expression patterns of humanized ACE2 (chiACE2) and the transduction of PSV-S in lung and ileum tissues over a specified time period. Within a span of 72 hours, we observed an intense viral transduction induced by the spike protein, which was detected from the central bronchus to the bronchiole and alveolus in the lung (levels 3 to 8). Similarly, we observed the transduction of PSV-S in the villi and crypts of the ileum. Interestingly, our precise three-dimensional colocalization analysis revealed that only 73.74% ± 1.76% of the PSV-S transduction depended on chiACE2. Furthermore, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) exhibited the most pronounced activation in the gut mucosa. This finding indicates the significant role of ILC2s as contributors to the mucosal defense against viral infections. Our data shed light on the critical involvement of ILC2s and their intricate three-dimensional regulatory network in combating SARS-CoV-2 within the mucosa.

IMPORTANCE
Our study revealed the spatial interaction between humanized ACE2 and pseudovirus expressing Spike, emphasizing the role of type 2 innate lymphoid cells during the initial phase of viral infection. These findings provide a foundation for the development of mucosal vaccines and other treatment approaches for both pre- and post-infection management of coronavirus disease 2019.