bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative research assessment: using metrics against gamed metrics
Authors: Ioannidis John P. A. , Maniadis Zacharias 
Published: November 2023

AbstractQuantitative bibliometric indicators are widely used and widely misused for research assessments. Some metrics have acquired major importance in shaping and rewarding the careers of millions of scientists. Given their perceived prestige, they may be widely gamed in the current “publish or perish” or “get cited or perish” environment. This review examines several gaming practices, including authorship-based, citation-based, editorial-based, and journal-based gaming as well as gaming with outright fabrication. Different patterns are discussed, including massive authorship of papers without meriting credit (gift authorship), team work with over-attribution of authorship to too many people (salami slicing of credit), massive self-citations, citation farms, H-index gaming, journalistic (editorial) nepotism, journal impact factor gaming, paper mills and spurious content papers, and spurious massive publications for studies with demanding designs. For all of those gaming practices, quantitative metrics and analyses may be able to help in their detection and in placing them into perspective. A portfolio of quantitative metrics may also include indicators of best research practices (e.g., data sharing, code sharing, protocol registration, and replications) and poor research practices (e.g., signs of image manipulation). Rigorous, reproducible, transparent quantitative metrics that also inform about gaming may strengthen the legacy and practices of quantitative appraisals of scientific work.
Immunoradiotherapy for NSCLC: mechanisms, clinical outcomes, and future directions
Authors: Weishan He , Donglin Zheng , Guangmei Deng , Wenya Liu , Fasheng Wu , Jibing Chen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNon-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has an extremely low 5-year survival rate, with the only effective treatment being immunoradiotherapy (iRT). Here, we review the progress of clinical research on iRT for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) over 2018–2023, as well as the future directions. We first discuss the synergistic mechanisms of iRT, reflected in three aspects: immune regulation of RT, RT-activated immune-related pathways, and RT-related immune sensitization. iRT may include either external-beam or stereotactic-body RT combined with either immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., immunoglobulins against immune programmed cell death (PD) 1/PD ligand 1 or CD8+T lymphocyte antigen 4) or traditional Chinese medicine drugs. Regarding clinical effectiveness and safety, iRT increases overall and progression-free survival and tumor control rate among patients with NSCLC but without a considerable increase in toxicity risk. We finally discuss iRT challenges and future directions reported over 2018–2023.
Review on Metal–Acid Tandem Catalysis for Hydrogenative Rearrangement of Furfurals to C5 Cyclic Compounds
Authors: Li Xiang , Deng Qiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHydrogenative rearrangement of biomass-derived furfurals (furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural) to C5 cyclic compounds (such as cyclopentanones and cyclopentanols) offers an expedient reaction route for acquiring O-containing value-added chemicals thereby replacing the traditional petroleum-based approaches. The scope for developing efficient bifunctional catalysts and establishing mild reaction conditions for upgrading furfurals to cyclic compounds has stimulated immense deliberation in recent years. Extensive efforts have been made toward developing catalysts for multiple tandem conversions, including those with various metals and supports. In this scientific review, we aim to summarize the research progress on the synergistic effect of the metal–acid sites, including simple metal–supported acidic supports, adjacent metal acid sites–supported catalysts, and in situ H2-modified bifunctional catalysts. Distinctively, the catalytic performance, catalytic mechanism, and future challenges for the hydrogenative rearrangement are elaborated in detail. The methods highlighted in this review promote the development of C5 cyclic compound synthesis and provide insights to regulate bifunctional catalysis for other applications.
An Exceptional Set Estimate for Restricted Projections to Lines in $$\mathbb R^3$$
Authors: Gan Shengwen , Guth Larry , Maldague Dominique 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLet $$\gamma :[0,1]\rightarrow \mathbb S^{2}$$

γ
:

[
0
,
1
]

→

S
2

be a non-degenerate curve in $$\mathbb R^3$$

R
3

, that is to say, $$\det \big (\gamma (\theta ),\gamma '(\theta ),\gamma ''(\theta )\big )\ne 0$$

det

(

γ

(
θ
)

,

γ
′

(
θ
)

,

γ

′
′

(
θ
)

)

≠
0

. For each $$\theta \in [0,1]$$

θ
∈
[
0
,
1
]

, let $$l_\theta =\text {span}(\gamma (\theta ))$$

l
θ

=
span

(
γ

(
θ
)

)

and $$\rho _\theta :\mathbb R^3\rightarrow l_\theta $$

ρ
θ

:

R
3

→

l
θ

be the orthogonal projections. We prove an exceptional set estimate. For any Borel set $$A\subset \mathbb R^3$$

A
⊂

R
3

and $$0\le s\le 1$$

0
≤
s
≤
1

, define $$E_s(A):=\{\theta \in [0,1]: \dim (\rho _\theta (A))<s\}$$

E
s

(
A
)

:
=

{
θ
∈

[
0
,
1
]

:
dim

(

ρ
θ

(
A
)

)

<
s
}

. We have $$\dim (E_s(A))\le \max \{0,1+\frac{s-\dim (A)}{2}\}$$

dim

(

E
s

(
A
)

)

≤
max

{
0
,
1
+

s
-
dim
(
A
)

2

}

.
Insights into the kinetics–morphology relationship of 1-, 2-, and 3D TiNb2O7 anodes for Li-ion storage
Authors: Xu Wenlei , Xu Yaolin , Grzimek Veronika , Martin Andrea , Schultz Thorsten , Russo Patrícia A. , Lu Yan , Koch Norbert , Pinna Nicola 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the influence of electrode material’s morphology on electrochemical behavior is of great significance for the development of rechargeable batteries, however, such studies are often limited by the inability to precisely control the morphology of electrode materials. Herein, nanostructured titanium niobium oxides (TiNb2O7) with three different morphologies (one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D)) were synthesized via a facile microwave-assisted solvothermal method. The influence of the morphological dimension of TiNb2O7 as electrode material on the electrochemical performance in Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and the underlying correlation with the electrochemical kinetics were studied in detail. 2D TiNb2O7 (TNO-2D) shows a superior rate capability and cycling stability, associated with improved kinetics for charge transfer and Li-ion diffusion, compared to the 1D and 3D materials. Operando X-ray diffraction measurements reveal the structural stability and crystallographic evolution of TNO-2D upon lithiation and delithiation and correlate the Li-ion diffusion kinetics with the lattice evolution during battery charge and discharge. Moreover, carbon-coated TNO-2D achieves enhanced rate capability (205 mAh·g−1 at 50 C) and long-term cycling stability (87% after 1000 cycles at 5 C). This work provides insights into the rational morphology design of electrode materials for accelerated charge transfer and enhanced fast-charging capability, pushing forward the development of electrode materials for high-power rechargeable batteries in future energy storage.
Moderating Effect of Gender on the Relationship Between Sexual Knowledge and Sexual Activity Among Adolescents
Authors: Czaderny Krzysztof 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Adolescent sexual activity is an important topic for public health policies and can be shaped by them. This study examines the relationship between sexual knowledge and sexual activity and tests the moderating effect of gender.

Methods
This study uses a random sample of 1246 Polish adolescents aged 18−19 years. The methods of partial least squares path modeling and bootstrap testing are utilized.

Results
Among boys, unlike among girls, a low level of sexual knowledge was associated with early and intense sexual activity represented by an early age of sexual initiation, a high number of sexual partners, and a short time since last sexual intercourse. Additionally, the average level of sexual knowledge was lower among boys than among girls. More specifically, the difference in knowledge of every element of the male reproductive system between boys and girls was not significant; however, girls were more aware of the female reproductive system than boys.

Conclusions
Gender differentiated the relationship between sexual knowledge and sexual activity. The revealed moderating effect could reflect gender differences in the motives of sexual activity of adolescent men and women. The early and intense sexual activity exhibited by boys with limited sexual knowledge exposed them to sexually transmitted diseases and unintended parenthood.

Policy Implications
The self-selection of boys with low sexual knowledge levels into early and intense sexual activity may be of interest to public health.
Use of biochar and a post-coagulation effluent as an adsorbent of malachite green, beneficial bacteria carrier, and seedling substrate for plants belonging to the poaceae family
Authors: Plaza-Rojas Christy A. , Amaya-Orozco Nelson A. , Rivera-Hoyos Claudia M. , Montaña-Lara José S. , Páez-Morales Adriana , Salcedo-Reyes Juan Carlos , Castillo-Carvajal Laura C. , Martínez-Urrútia Wilmar , Díaz-Ariza Lucía Ana , Pedroza-Rodríguez Aura M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWastewater treatment plants produce solid and semi-solid sludge, which treatment minimises secondary environmental pollution because of wastewater treatment and obtaining new bioproducts. For this reason, in this paper, the co-pyrolysis of biogenic biomasses recovered from a biological reactor with immobilised fungal and bacterial biomass and a tertiary reactor with Chlorella sp. used for dye-contaminated wastewater treatment was carried out. Biogenic biomasses mixed with pine bark allowed the production and characterisation of two types of biochar. The raw material and biochar were on the “in vitro” germination of Lolium sp. seeds, followed by adsorption studies for malachite green (MG) dye using the raw material and the biochar. Results showed that using 60 mg L−1 of a cationic coagulant at pH 6.5 allowed for the recovery of more than 90% of the microalgae after 50 min of processing. Two biochar resulted: BC300, at pH 5.08 ± 0.08 and BC500, at pH 6.78 ± 0.01. The raw material and both biochars were co-inoculated with growth-promoting bacteria; their viabilities ranged from 1.7 × 106 ± 1.0 × 101 to 7.5 × 108 ± 6.0 × 102 CFU g−1 for total heterotrophic, nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilising bacteria. Re-use tests on Lolium sp. seed germination showed that with the post-coagulation effluent, the germination was 100%, while with the biochar, with and without beneficial bacteria, the germination was 98 and 99%, respectively. Finally, BC500 adsorbed the highest percentage of malachite green at pH 4.0, obtaining qecal values of 0.5249 mg g−1 (R2: 0.9875) with the pseudo-second-order model.
Iron salicylate catalyzes oxidative esterification of biomass-derived aldehydes
Authors: Corrêa Gabriela A. , de Castro Baltazar , Rebelo Susana L.H. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The production of specialty chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass can be increased by valuing underutilized biomass products using sustainable methods. The present work reports the activity of the biomass-derived iron(III) salicylate as a biocompatible and recyclable catalyst for the oxidative esterification of multi-functional aldehydes obtained as products from biomass processing. Esters were obtained in the presence of methyl, ethyl, i-propyl, and amyl alcohols as solvents, at room temperature and with H2O2 as a green oxidant. The catalytic system is selective for the esterification of 2- and 4-hydroxybenzaldehydes, namely salicylaldehyde, o-vanillin and vanillin; as well as of furfural and benzaldehyde, while esters of 9-formylanthracene and (E)-cinnamaldehyde were obtained concomitantly with products of hydroxylation of the polyaromatic ring to ethyl 10-hydroxyanthracene-9-carboxylate (η 46%), and of double bond oxidative cleavage of cinnamaldehyde to ethyl benzoate (η 27%), respectively. The ester products have applications as fragrances, flavors, photo- or bioactive compounds, or as intermediates for synthesis. The results were benchmarked against other Fe(III)–based catalysts, such as Fe(III) porphyrins ([Fe(TSPP)Cl] and [Fe(TMPyP)Cl]) and iron oxide nanoparticles. These studies confirmed the higher performance of Fe(III) salicylate.

Graphical Abstract
The Oral-Vascular-Pulmonary Infection Route: a Pathogenic Mechanism Linking Oral Health Status to Acute and Post-Acute COVID-19
Authors: Lloyd-Jones G. , Pontes C. C. , Molayem S. , Chapple I. L. C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
In recent years, much attention has focused on the role of poor oral health in the development or worsening of systemic diseases, including COVID-19. The mouth is an important site of cellular infection early in the disease course of COVID-19. We review how oral pathology, and specifically viral infection within the oral cavity, may mediate the disease severity and duration of COVID-19. In particular, the previously reported model of SARS-CoV-2 vascular delivery from the mouth to the lungs via the bloodstream is revisited.

Recent Findings
We previously proposed that an oral-vascular-pulmonary route of infection could facilitate severe lung disease in COVID-19. This pathway could also explain the vital link between periodontitis and COVID-19 severity, including higher mortality risk. This model of pathogenesis is reconsidered in light of recent findings regarding the involvement of the mouth as a viral reservoir, and pathological processes in the blood, pulmonary vasculature, and elsewhere in the body. Oral dysbiosis in COVID-19 and the effect of oral hygiene in mitigating disease severity are discussed. The evidence for viral persistence in the mouth and intravascular viral passage from the mouth to the rest of the body via blood is also discussed in the context of post-acute COVID (long COVID).

Summary
High viral load in the mouth and poor oral health status are associated with COVID-19 disease severity, increasing the risk of death. Pathophysiological links between viral activity in the mouth, oral health status, and disease outcome in the lungs and blood provide a rationale for further evaluation of the oral-vascular-systemic pathway in patients with acute COVID-19 and long COVID. The potential benefits of oral hygiene protocols and periodontal procedures in COVID-19 also warrant further investigation.
Refracture following vertebral fragility fracture when bone fragility is not recognized: summarizing findings from comparator arms of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Porcu G. , Biffi A. , Ronco R. , Adami G. , Alvaro R. , Bogini R. , Caputi A. P. , Frediani B. , Gatti D. , Gonnelli S. , Iolascon G. , Lenzi A. , Leone S. , Michieli R. , Migliaccio S. , Nicoletti T. , Paoletta M. , Pennini A. , Piccirilli E. , Rossini M. , Tarantino U. , Cianferotti L. , Brandi M. L. , Corrao G. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Since vertebral fragility fractures (VFFs) might increase the risk of subsequent fractures, we evaluated the incidence rate and the refracture risk of subsequent vertebral and non-vertebral fragility fractures (nVFFs) in untreated patients with a previous VFF.

Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to February 2022 for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that analyzed the occurrence of subsequent fractures in untreated patients with prior VFFs. Two authors independently extracted data and appraised the risk of bias in the selected studies. Primary outcomes were subsequent VFFs, while secondary outcomes were further nVFFs. The outcome of refracture within ≥ 2 years after the index fracture was measured as (i) rate, expressed per 100 person-years (PYs), and (ii) risk, expressed in percentage.

Results
Forty RCTs met our inclusion criteria, ranging from medium to high quality. Among untreated patients with prior VFFs, the rate of subsequent VFFs and nVFFs was 12 [95% confidence interval (CI) 9–16] and 6 (95% CI 5–8%) per 100 PYs, respectively. The higher the number of previous VFFs, the higher the incidence. Moreover, the risk of VFFs and nVFFs increased within 2 (16.6% and 8%) and 4 years (35.1% and 17.4%) based on the index VFF.

Conclusion
The highest risk of subsequent VFFs or nVFFs was already detected within 2 years following the initial VFF. Thus, prompt interventions should be designed to improve the detection and treatment of VFFs, aiming to reduce the risk of future FFs and properly implement secondary preventive measures.
Multidimensionale Fragebögen zur Erfassung der wahrgenommenen Robotermorphologie (RoMo) in der Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion
Authors: Roesler Eileen , zur Kammer Kenneth , Onnasch Linda 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Morphologie von Robotern spielt eine entscheidende Rolle für die erfolgreiche Interaktion mit Menschen, da Erwartungen und soziale Interaktionsskripte aktiviert werden. Insbesondere das Konzept des Anthropomorphismus hat in den letzten Jahren große Aufmerksamkeit erhalten. Forschungsarbeiten haben sowohl positive als auch negative Auswirkungen dieses Gestaltungsansatzes gezeigt. Um jedoch Aussagen darüber treffen zu können, welche dieser Merkmale die Interaktion unterstützen oder hemmen, fehlt ein geeignetes Instrument zur Erfassung des wahrgenommenen Anthropomorphismus. Dies gilt auch für tierähnliche (zoomorphe) und technische (technomorphe) Gestaltungsansätze. Bisherige Fragebögen erfassen die Robotermorphologie nur auf eindimensionaler Ebene, obwohl die meisten Theorien von mehreren Dimensionen ausgehen. Daher wurde ein Set von mehrdimensionalen Fragebögen entwickelt und validiert, die auf einer aktuellen Taxonomie der Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion basieren und folgende Dimensionen umfassen: Aussehen, Kommunikation, Bewegung, und Kontext. In einer ersten Online-Studie wurden drei Fragebögen zur wahrgenommenen Morphologie hinsichtlich Anthropomorphismus (RoMo-A), Zoomorphismus (RoMo-Z) und Technomorphismus (RoMo-T) entwickelt. In einer zweiten Online-Studie wurden die Fragebögen erfolgreich mit einer neuen Stichprobe validiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigten zudem, dass die Fragebögen bereits auf kleine Morphologieunterschiede sensibel reagieren.Praktische Relevanz: Die Morphologie von Robotern in Bezug auf Aussehen, Kommunikation, Bewegung und Kontext beeinflusst sowohl die menschliche Wahrnehmung als auch das Verhalten. Um eine erfolgreiche Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion zu gestalten ist es daher nicht nur wichtig zu verstehen, ob anthropomorphe, zoomorphe oder technomorphe Merkmale implementiert werden sollten, sondern auch zu welchem Grad dies geschehen sollte. Um diese praktischen Fragestellungen untersuchen zu können, werden Instrumente benötigt, mit denen Designer:innen und Entwickler:innen den Grad einer jeweils implementierten anthropomorphen, zoomorphen oder technomorphen Gestaltung eines Roboters erfassen können. Die hier vorgestellten Fragebögen erlauben dies in flexibler und ökonomischer Weise. Sie unterstützen damit eine Abschätzung des Grades der Morphologie von Robotern in allen Anwendungsbereichen von Therapie bis industrielle Kollaboration. Sie sind nicht nur für Wissenschaftler:innen sondern auch Entwickler:innen und Designer:innen gleichermaßen geeignet.
Transfer of Approach-Avoidance Training: Motoric or Goal-Related?
Authors: Eder Andreas B. , Krishna Anand 
Published: November 2023

AbstractApproach-avoidance training (AAT) procedures were developed with the prospect that they can modify action impulses to approach or avoid specific stimuli. Research suggested that the outcome of AAT procedures is mediated by training-induced changes in implicit response tendencies. This study investigated whether AAT procedures affect implicit response tendencies because of a training of goal-related responses or due to a training of motoric actions effecting approach and avoidance. Participants in three internet-based experiments (total n = 514) were trained to approach and avoid two fictitious social groups by steering a symbolic representation of the self towards and away from group members. They alternated between the training task and a flanker-like test task that probed for training-induced changes in response tendencies consistent with the trained action or with the trained AA goal. Results demonstrated a transfer of relations between the stimuli and AA goals from training to test tasks. In contrast, relations to the motoric acts subserving these goals had no effect on implicit response tendencies. It is concluded that a relation to approach- and avoidance related goals, and not to the motoric action, were established with the AAT procedure. Implications for associative and inferential accounts of AAT effects are discussed.
Endophytic bacterial community structure and diversity of the medicinal plant Mirabilis himalaica from different locations
Authors: Zhang Erhao , Lu Yazhou , Zhao Rundong , Yin Xiu , Zhang Jie , Yu Benxia , Yao Min , Liao Zhihua , Lan Xiaozhong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEndophytic bacteria play important roles in medicinal plant growth, abiotic stress, and metabolism. Mirabilis himalaica (Edgew.) Heimerl is known for its medicinal value as Tibetan traditional plant; however, little is known about the endophytic bacteria associated with this plant in different geographic conditions and vegetal tissues. To compare the endophytic bacterial community associated with this plant in different geographic conditions and vegetal tissues, we collected the leaves, stems, and roots of M. himalaica from five locations, Nongmu college (NM), Gongbujiangda (GB), Zhanang County (ZL), Lang County (LX), and Sangri County (SR), and sequenced the 16S rRNA V5-V7 region with the Illumina sequencing method. A total of 522,450 high-quality sequences and 4970 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained. The different tissues from different locations harbored unique bacterial assemblages. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla in all the samples, while the dominant genera changed based on the different tissues. The endophytic bacterial structures in the leaf and stem tissues were different compared to root tissues. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the endophytic bacterial community was significantly correlated with pH, available phosphorus (AP), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and soil organic matter (SOM). These findings suggested that the geographic conditions, climate type, ecosystem type, and tissues determined the endophytic bacterial composition and relative abundances. This conclusion could facilitate an understanding of the relationship and ecological function of the endophytic bacteria associated with M. himalaica and provide valuable information for artificial planting of M. himalaica and identifying and applying functional endophytic bacteria.