bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological entanglement entropy for torus-knot bipartitions and the Verlinde-like formulas
Authors: Lo Chih-Yu , Chang Po-Yao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The topological Rényi and entanglement entropies depend on the bipartition of the manifold and the choice of the ground states. However, these entanglement quantities remain invariant under a coordinate transformation when the bipartition also undergoes the identical transformation. In topological quantum field theories (TQFTs), these coordinate transformations reduce to representations of the mapping class group on the manifold of the Hilbert space. We employ this invariant property of the Rényi and entanglement entropies under coordinate transformations for TQFTs in (2 + 1) dimensions on a torus with various bipartitions. By utilizing the replica trick and the surgery method to compute the topological Rényi and entanglement entropies, the invariant property results in Verlinde-like formulas. Furthermore, for the bipartition with interfaces as two non-intersecting torus knots, an SL(2, ℤ) transformation can untwist the torus knots, leading to a simple bipartition with an effective ground state. This invariant property allows us to demonstrate that the topological entanglement entropy has a lower bound −2 ln D, where D is the total quantum dimensions of the system.
Logarithmic soft graviton theorems from superrotation Ward identities
Authors: Agrawal Shreyansh , Donnay Laura , Nguyen Kevin , Ruzziconi Romain 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Soft graviton theorems receive one-loop contributions that are logarithmic in the energy of the soft graviton, and which are closely related to tails of gravitational waveforms. We demonstrate that these logarithmic corrections are encoded in the Ward identity of superrotation symmetries, i.e. they follow from conservation of superrotation charge across spatial infinity i0. Our proof relies on a careful analysis of the radiative phase space admitting such gravitational tails, and the determination of the fluxes through null infinity $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
that act as canonical generators of superrotations on both gravitational and matter fields. All logarithmic terms are derived from the fluxes through correlations of the supertranslation Goldstone mode, provided care is taken in manipulating gravitationally interacting (i.e. dressed) rather than free fields. In cases where massive particles take part in the scattering process, logarithmic corrections also partly arise from the superrotation charge generator at timelike infinity i±.
B meson anomalies and large $$ {B}^{+}\to {K}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu} $$ in non-universal U(1)′ models
Authors: Athron Peter , Martinez R. , Sierra Cristian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In view of both the latest LHCb measurement of $$ {R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

K

∗

and the new 2.7σ deviation reported by Belle II on $$ {B}^{+}\to {K}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu} $$

B
+

→

K
+

ν

ν
¯

decays, we present a fit to the B meson anomalies for various one and two dimensional hypothesis including complex Wilson coefficients. We show in a model-independent way that the generic non-universal U(1)′ extensions of the SM, without flavour violation, fail to simultaneously fit those observables and corroborate that they can modify $$ \textrm{BR}\left({B}^{+}\to {K}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu}\right) $$
BR

B
+

→

K
+

ν

ν
¯

up to only a 10%. In view of this deficit, we propose a new way in which those models can accommodate the data at tree level by introducing lepton flavour violating couplings and non-diagonal elements of the charged lepton mixing matrix, with implications in future charged lepton flavour violation searches.
Lifting Klein-Gordon/Einstein solutions to general nonlinear sigma-models: the wormhole example
Authors: Brax Philippe , Burgess C. P. , Quevedo F. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We describe a simple technique for generating solutions to the classical field equations for an arbitrary nonlinear sigma-model minimally coupled to gravity. The technique promotes an arbitrary solution to the coupled Einstein/Klein-Gordon field equations for a single scalar field σ to a solution of the nonlinear sigma-model for N scalar fields minimally coupled to gravity. This mapping between solutions does not require there to be any target-space isometries and exists for every choice of geodesic computed using the target-space metric. In some special situations — such as when the solution depends only on a single coordinate (e.g. for homogeneous time-dependent or static spherically symmetric configurations) — the general solution to the sigma-model equations can be obtained in this way. We illustrate the technique by applying it to generate Euclidean wormhole solutions for multi-field sigma models coupled to gravity starting from the simplest Giddings-Strominger wormhole, clarifying why in the wormhole case Minkowski-signature target-space geometries can arise. We reproduce in this way the well-known axio-dilaton string wormhole and we illustrate the power of the technique by generating simple perturbations to it, like those due to string or α′ corrections.
Two loop renormalization of scalar theories using a geometric approach
Authors: Jenkins Elizabeth E. , Manohar Aneesh V. , Naterop Luca , Pagès Julie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We derive a general formula for two-loop counterterms in Effective Field Theories (EFTs) using a geometric approach. This formula allows the two-loop results of our previous paper to be applied to a wide range of theories. The two-loop results hold for loop graphs in EFTs where the interaction vertices contain operators of arbitrarily high dimension, but at most two derivatives. We also extend our previous one-loop result to include operators with an arbitrary number of derivatives, as long as there is at most one derivative acting on each field. The final result for the two-loop counterterms is written in terms of geometric quantities such as the Riemann curvature tensor of the scalar manifold and its covariant derivatives. As applications of our results, we give the two-loop counterterms and renormalization group equations for the O(n) EFT to dimension six, the scalar sector of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) to dimension six, and chiral perturbation theory to order p6.
The efficacy and safety of pre-hospital plasma in patients at risk for hemorrhagic shock: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Abuelazm Mohamed , Rezq Hazem , Mahmoud Abdelrahman , Tanashat Mohammad , Salah Abdelrahman , Saleh Othman , Morsi Samah , Abdelazeem Basel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background and objective
Plasma is a critical element in hemostatic resuscitation post-injury, and its prompt administration within the prehospital setting may reduce the complications resulting from hemorrhage and shock. Our objective is to assess the efficacy and safety of prehospital plasma infusion in patients susceptible to hemorrhagic shock.

Methods
We conducted our study by aggregating randomized controlled trials (RCTs) sourced from PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL up to January 29, 2023. Quality assessment was implemented using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Our study protocol is registered in PROSPERO under ID: CRD42023397325.

Results
Three RCTs with 760 individuals were included. There was no difference between plasma infusion and standard care groups in 24-h mortality (P = 0.11), 30-day mortality (P = 0.12), and multiple organ failure incidences (P = 0.20).
Plasma infusion was significantly better in the total 24-h volume of PRBC units (P = 0.03) and INR on arrival (P = 0.009). For all other secondary outcomes evaluated (total 24-h volume of packed FFP units, total 24-h volume of platelets units, massive transfusion, vasopressor need during the first 24 h, any adverse event, acute lung injury, transfusion reaction, and sepsis), no significant differences were observed between the two groups.

Conclusion
Plasma infusion in trauma patients at risk of hemorrhagic shock does not significantly affect mortality or the incidence of multiple organ failure. However, it may lead to reduced packed red blood cell transfusions and increased INR at hospital arrival.
Characterization of pathological changes in the olfactory system of mice exposed to methylmercury
Authors: Iijima Yuta , Miki Ryohei , Takasugi Nobumasa , Fujimura Masatake , Uehara Takashi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMethylmercury (MeHg) is a well-known environmental neurotoxicant that causes severe brain disorders such as Minamata disease. Although some patients with Minamata disease develop olfactory dysfunction, the underlying pathomechanism is largely unknown. We examined the effects of MeHg on the olfactory system using a model of MeHg poisoning in which mice were administered 30 ppm MeHg in drinking water for 8 weeks. Mice exposed to MeHg displayed significant mercury accumulation in the olfactory pathway, including the nasal mucosa, olfactory bulb, and olfactory cortex. The olfactory epithelium was partially atrophied, and olfactory sensory neurons were diminished. The olfactory bulb exhibited an increase in apoptotic cells, hypertrophic astrocytes, and amoeboid microglia, mainly in the granular cell layer. Neuronal cell death was observed in the olfactory cortex, particularly in the ventral tenia tecta. Neuronal cell death was also remarkable in higher-order areas such as the orbitofrontal cortex. Correlation analysis showed that neuronal loss in the olfactory cortex was strongly correlated with the plasma mercury concentration. Our results indicate that MeHg is an olfactory toxicant that damages the central regions involved in odor perception. The model described herein is useful for analyzing the mechanisms and treatments of olfactory dysfunction in MeHg-intoxicated patients.
Tau accumulation is associated with dopamine deficiency in vivo in four-repeat tauopathies
Authors: Ferschmann Christian , Messerschmidt Konstantin , Gnörich Johannes , Barthel Henryk , Marek Ken , Palleis Carla , Katzdobler Sabrina , Stockbauer Anna , Fietzek Urban , Finze Anika , Biechele Gloria , Rumpf Jost-Julian , Saur Dorothee , Schroeter Matthias L. , Rullmann Michael , Beyer Leonie , Eckenweber Florian , Wall Stephan , Schildan Andreas , Patt Marianne , Stephens Andrew , Classen Joseph , Bartenstein Peter , Seibyl John , Franzmeier Nicolai , Levin Johannes , Höglinger Günter U. , Sabri Osama , Brendel Matthias , Scheifele Maximilian ,   for the German Imaging Initiative for Tauopathies (GII4T)
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We hypothesized that severe tau burden in brain regions involved in direct or indirect pathways of the basal ganglia correlate with more severe striatal dopamine deficiency in four-repeat (4R) tauopathies. Therefore, we correlated [18F]PI-2620 tau-positron-emission-tomography (PET) imaging with [123I]-Ioflupane single-photon-emission-computed tomography (SPECT) for dopamine transporter (DaT) availability.

Methods
Thirty-eight patients with clinically diagnosed 4R-tauopathies (21 male; 69.0 ± 8.5 years) and 15 patients with clinically diagnosed α-synucleinopathies (8 male; 66.1 ± 10.3 years) who underwent [18F]PI-2620 tau-PET and DaT-SPECT imaging with a time gap of 3 ± 5 months were evaluated. Regional Tau-PET signals and DaT availability as well as their principal components were correlated in patients with 4R-tauopathies and α-synucleinopathies. Both biomarkers and the residuals of their association were correlated with clinical severity scores in 4R-tauopathies.

Results
In patients with 4R-tauopathies, [18F]PI-2620 binding in basal ganglia and midbrain regions was negatively associated with striatal DaT availability (i.e. globus pallidus internus and putamen (β =  − 0.464, p = 0.006, Durbin-Watson statistics = 1.824) in a multiple regression model. Contrarily, [18F]PI-2620 binding in the dentate nucleus showed no significant regression factor with DaT availability in the striatum (β = 0.078, p = 0.662, Durbin-Watson statistics = 1.686). Patients with α-synucleinopathies did not indicate any regional associations between [18F]PI-2620-binding and DaT availability. Higher DaT-SPECT binding relative to tau burden was associated with better clinical performance (β =  − 0.522, p = 0.011, Durbin-Watson statistics = 2.663) in patients with 4R-tauopathies.

Conclusion
Tau burden in brain regions involved in dopaminergic pathways is associated with aggravated dopaminergic dysfunction in patients with clinically diagnosed primary tauopathies. The ability to sustain dopamine transmission despite tau accumulation may preserve motor function.
EANM guidance document: dosimetry for first-in-human studies and early phase clinical trials
Authors: Stokke Caroline , Gnesin Silvano , Tran-Gia Johannes , Cicone Francesco , Holm Søren , Cremonesi Marta , Blakkisrud Johan , Wendler Thomas , Gillings Nic , Herrmann Ken , Mottaghy Felix M. , Gear Jonathan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe numbers of diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine agents under investigation are rapidly increasing. Both novel emitters and novel carrier molecules require careful selection of measurement procedures. This document provides guidance relevant to dosimetry for first-in human and early phase clinical trials of such novel agents. The guideline includes a short introduction to different emitters and carrier molecules, followed by recommendations on the methods for activity measurement, pharmacokinetic analyses, as well as absorbed dose calculations and uncertainty analyses. The optimal use of preclinical information and studies involving diagnostic analogues is discussed. Good practice reporting is emphasised, and relevant dosimetry parameters and method descriptions to be included are listed. Three examples of first-in-human dosimetry studies, both for diagnostic tracers and radionuclide therapies, are given.
Targeting myeloperoxidase limits myeloid cell immunosuppression enhancing immune checkpoint therapy for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Basnet Angisha , Landreth Kaitlyn M. , Nohoesu Remi , Santiago Stell P. , Geldenhuys Werner J. , Boone Brian A. , Liu Tracy W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating disease characterized by an extreme resistance to current therapies, including immune checkpoint therapy. The limited success of immunotherapies can be attributed to a highly immunosuppressive pancreatic cancer microenvironment characterized by an extensive infiltration of immune suppressing myeloid cells. While there are several pathways through which myeloid cells contribute to immunosuppression, one important mechanism is the increased production of reactive oxygen species. Here, we evaluated the contribution of myeloperoxidase, a myeloid-lineage restricted enzyme and primary source of reactive oxygen species, to regulate immune checkpoint therapy response in preclinical pancreatic cancer models. We compared treatment outcome, immune composition and characterized myeloid cells using wild-type, myeloperoxidase-deficient, and myeloperoxidase inhibitor treated wild-type mice using established subcutaneous pancreatic cancer models. Loss of host myeloperoxidase and pharmacological inhibition of myeloperoxidase in combination with immune checkpoint therapy significantly delayed tumor growth. The tumor microenvironment and systemic immune landscape demonstrated significant decreases in myeloid cells, exhausted T cells and T regulatory cell subsets when myeloperoxidase was deficient. Loss of myeloperoxidase in isolated myeloid cell subsets from tumor-bearing mice resulted in decreased reactive oxygen species production and T cell suppression. These data suggest that myeloperoxidase contributes to an immunosuppressive microenvironment and immune checkpoint therapy resistance where myeloperoxidase inhibitors have the potential to enhance immunotherapy response. Repurposing myeloperoxidase specific inhibitors may provide a promising therapeutic strategy to expand therapeutic options for pancreatic cancer patients to include immunotherapies.
Chemokine CCL21 determines immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma by affecting neutrophil polarization
Authors: Xu Wenxin , Weng Jialei , Xu Minghao , Zhou Qiang , Liu Shaoqing , Hu Zhiqiu , Ren Ning , Zhou Chenhao , Shen Yinghao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poor and great heterogeneity among individuals. Chemokines are highly correlated with tumor immune response. Here, we aimed to identify an effective chemokine for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy in HCC.

Methods
Chemokine C‐C motif ligand 21 (CCL21) was screened by transcriptomic analysis in tumor tissues from HCC patients with different responses to ICIs. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was conducted to construct a predictive nomogram. Neutrophils in vitro and HCC subcutaneous tumor model in vivo were applied to explore the role of CCL21 on the tumor microenvironment (TME) of HCC.

Results
Transcriptome analysis showed that CCL21 level was much higher in HCC patients with response to immunotherapy. The predictive nomogram was constructed and validated as a classifier. CCL21 could inhibit N2 neutrophil polarization by suppressing the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. In addition, CCL21 enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs.

Conclusion
CCL21 may serve as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response in HCC patients. High levels of CCL21 in TME inhibit immunosuppressive polarization of neutrophils. CCL21 in combination with ICIs may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC.
Successful treatment of a B/T MPAL patient by chemo-free treatment with venetoclax, azacitidine, and blinatumomab
Authors: Liu Shaoyu , Cui Qingya , Li Mengyun , Li Zheng , Chen Sifan , Wu Depei , Tang Xiaowen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractB/T mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), which represents only 2–3% of all MPAL cases, is classified as a high-risk leukemia subtype. Adults diagnosed with B/T MPAL have a notably low 3-year survival rate, estimated at 20–40%. The rarity and undercharacterization of B/T MPAL present substantial challenges in identifying an optimal treatment protocol. This report aims to shed light on this issue by presenting a case in which a patient with a complex karyotype was treated using a combination of venetoclax, azacitidine, and blinatumomab. This novel, chemo-free regimen resulted in the patient achieving both hematologic and molecular complete remission, with no severe organ or hematological toxicity observed. Notably, the patient continued to maintain molecular remission for 1 year following the transplantation. Based on these findings, the combination of venetoclax, azacitidine, and blinatumomab could be considered a potential therapeutic approach for B/T MPAL patients, meriting further investigation.
Validation of resting full-cycle ratio and diastolic pressure ratio with [15O]H2O positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion
Authors: Dahdal Jorge , Bakker Frank , Svanerud Johan , Danad Ibrahim , Driessen Roel S. , Raijmakers Pieter G. , Harms Hendrik J. , Lammertsma Adriaan A. , van de Hoef Tim P. , Appelman Yolande , van Royen Niels , Knaapen Paul , de Waard Guus A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) are invasive techniques used to evaluate the hemodynamic significance of coronary artery stenosis. These methods have been validated through perfusion imaging and clinical trials. New invasive pressure ratios that do not require hyperemia have recently emerged, and it is essential to confirm their diagnostic efficacy. The aim of this study was to validate the resting full-cycle ratio (RFR) and the diastolic pressure ratio (dPR), against [15O]H2O positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. A total of 129 symptomatic patients with an intermediate risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) were included. All patients underwent cardiac [15O]H2O PET with quantitative assessment of resting and hyperemic myocardial perfusion. Within a 2 week period, coronary angiography was performed. Intracoronary pressure measurements were obtained in 320 vessels and RFR, dPR, and FFR were computed. PET derived regional hyperemic myocardial blood flow (hMBF) and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) served as reference standards. In coronary arteries with stenoses (43%, 136 of 320), the overall diagnostic accuracies of RFR, dPR, and FFR did not differ when PET hyperemic MBF < 2.3 ml min−1 (69.9%, 70.6%, and 77.1%, respectively) and PET MPR < 2.5 (70.6%, 71.3%, and 66.9%, respectively) were considered as the reference for myocardial ischemia. Non-significant differences between the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were found between the different indices. Furthermore, the integration of FFR with RFR (or dPR) does not enhance the diagnostic information already achieved by FFR in the characterization of ischemia via PET perfusion. In conclusion, the novel non-hyperemic pressure ratios, RFR and dPR, have a diagnostic performance comparable to FFR in assessing regional myocardial ischemia. These findings suggest that RFR and dPR may be considered as an FFR alternative for invasively guiding revascularization treatment in symptomatic patients with CAD.
In vivo study to assess fat embolism resulting from the Reamer-Irrigator-Aspirator 2 system compared to a novel aspirator-based concept for intramedullary bone graft harvesting
Authors: Laubach Markus , Bessot Agathe , Saifzadeh Siamak , Savi Flavia Medeiros , Hildebrand Frank , Bock Nathalie , Hutmacher Dietmar W. , McGovern Jacqui 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Fat embolism (FE) following intramedullary (IM) reaming can cause severe pulmonary complications and sudden death. Recently, a new harvesting concept was introduced in which a novel aspirator is used first for bone marrow (BM) aspiration and then for subsequent aspiration of morselized endosteal bone during sequential reaming (A + R + A). In contrast to the established Reamer-Irrigator-Aspirator (RIA) 2 system, the new A + R + A concept allows for the evacuation of fatty BM prior to reaming. In this study, we hypothesized that the risk of FE, associated coagulopathic reactions and pulmonary FE would be comparable between the RIA 2 system and the A + R + A concept.

Materials and methods
Intramedullary bone graft was harvested from intact femora of 16 Merino sheep (age: 1–2 years) with either the RIA 2 system (n = 8) or the A + R + A concept (n = 8). Fat intravasation was monitored with the Gurd test, coagulopathic response with D-dimer blood level concentration and pulmonary FE with histological evaluation of the lungs.

Results
The total number and average size of intravasated fat particles was similar between groups (p = 0.13 and p = 0.98, respectively). D-dimer concentration did not significantly increase within 4 h after completion of surgery (RIA 2: p = 0.82; A + R + A: p = 0.23), with an interaction effect similar between groups (p = 0.65). The average lung area covered with fat globules was similar between groups (p = 0.17).

Conclusions
The use of the RIA 2 system and the novel A + R + A harvesting concept which consists of BM evacuation followed by sequential IM reaming and aspiration of endosteal bone, resulted in only minor fat intravasation, coagulopathic reactions and pulmonary FE, with no significant differences between the groups. Our results, therefore, suggest that both the RIA 2 system and the new A + R + A concept are comparable technologies in terms of FE-related complications.