bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient, renormalized self‐energy for calculating the electron binding energies of closed‐shell molecules and anions
Authors: Ortiz J. V. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe energy‐dependent, nonlocal correlation potential known as the self‐energy that appears in the Dyson equation has a pole and residue structure that enables renormalizations of its low‐order, perturbative contributions to be estimated. The partial third‐order (P3) approximation has been extensively applied to the ionization energies of closed‐shell, organic molecules and is the most successful example of a low‐order, self‐energy method. A renormalization based on the P3 self‐energy estimates higher‐order contributions by scaling low‐order terms that chiefly describe final‐state relaxation. The resulting P3+ self‐energy retains the accuracy and efficiency of the P3 approximation, but also improves the latter method's performance with respect to the calculation of anion electron detachment energies without the introduction of adjustable parameters. An application to an anion that previously has yielded only to more intricate treatments of electron correlation demonstrates the power of this simple, new approximation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
The Haemodynamic Status of Cardiac Surgical Patients in the Initial 2-h Recovery Period
Authors: Currey Judy , Botti Mari 
Published: June 2005

Background: Critical care nurses caring for cardiac patients in the immediate postoperative period continually make decisions about the implications and treatment of their patients' haemodynamic status. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the haemodynamic status of patients on admission to critical care and over the 2-h period following cardiac surgery. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive design was used. Data were collected using non-participant observation and an observation tool. The sample consisted of 38 patients. Results: Analysis of data revealed the dynamic nature of the haemodynamic status of postoperative cardiac patients. On admission, 60% of patients ( n = 23) were haemodynamically unstable. The instability in these patients ( n = 23) was due to hypotension (34%), bleeding (21%) and hypoxaemia (18%). During the 2-h recovery period, 55% of patients were hypotensive, 16% of patients had low cardiac output syndrome and 16% of patients had low systemic vascular resistance (SVR) syndrome. Twenty-one percent of patients experienced bleeding complications. Shivering was a clinically significant problem in terms of occurrence (23%) and duration ( X = 45, S.D. = 30 min). Twenty-nine percent of patients ( n = 11) had a profound deterioration in haemodynamic status, necessitating urgent interventions. Conclusion: Haemodynamic parameters indicate that 95% of patients in this study were haemodynamically unstable at some time during the initial 2-h recovery period. These findings inform resourcing decisions by organisations and have implications for nurses' assessment and interventional haemodynamic decision making.
Validation of Self Assessment Patient Knowledge Questionnaire for Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Lainscak Mitja , Keber Irena 
Published: June 2005

Background: Several studies showed insufficient knowledge and poor compliance to non-pharmacological management in heart failure patients. Only a limited number of validated tools are available to assess their knowledge. The aim of the study was to test our 10-item Patient knowledge questionnaire. Methods: The Patient knowledge questionnaire was administered to 42 heart failure patients from Heart failure clinic and to 40 heart failure patients receiving usual care. Construct validity (Pearson correlation coefficient), internal consistency (Cronbach α), reproducibility (Wilcoxon signed rank test), and reliability (chi-square test and Student's t-test for independent samples) were assessed. Results: Overall score of the Patient knowledge questionnaire had the strongest correlation to the question about regular weighing ( r = 0.69) and the weakest to the question about presence of heart disease ( r = 0.33). There was a strong correlation between question about fluid retention and questions assessing regular weighing, ( r = 0.86), weight of one litre of water ( r = 0.86), and salt restriction ( r = 0.57). The Cronbach α was 0.74 and could be improved by exclusion of questions about clear explanation (Chronbach α 0.75), importance of fruit, soup, and vegetables (Chronbach α 0.75), and self adjustment of diuretic (Chronbach α 0.81). During reproducibility testing 91% to 98% of questions were answered equally. Patients from Heart failure clinic scored significantly better than patients receiving usual care (7.9 (1.3) vs. 5.7 (2.2), p < 0.001). Conclusions: Patient knowledge questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to measure knowledge of heart failure patients.
Testing the stability of the suitability coefficients from an eastern Bering Sea multispecies virtual population analysis
Authors: Jurado-Molina Jesús , Livingston Patricia A. , Gallucci Vincent F. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Suitability coefficients are important for the estimation of predation mortality in a multispecies virtual population analysis (MSVPA) and subsequent use in the multispecies forecasting model (MSFOR). Testing the assumption of the stability of the suitability coefficients is important in assessing the robustness of the predictions made with MSFOR. We used different statistical methods to partially test this assumption for the eastern Bering Sea MSVPA model with eight species, using stomach content data for the years 1985–1989. Comparison of the estimates from two different sets of stomach content data (set one with all data and set two mainly with data from 1985) suggested that the differences between the two types of estimates were much reduced when the number of predator stomachs sampled increased. In a second approach, we contrasted the residual variances of partial data sets with the results from the fit of the total data set. Results suggested a small increase (∼10.8%) in the variation of the suitability coefficients. Comparison of the means of the suitability coefficients associated with each predator species suggests that only 13 of the 50 possible pairwise contrasts were significantly different (α = 0.05). In general, results suggested that the predator preferences and prey vulnerabilities remained stable over the time period studied. Therefore, MSFOR could be considered as a tool to advise fisheries managers within a multispecies context.
Four-Point Bending Strength of Transverse Osteotomies Stabilized with Various Kirschner Wire and Tension Wire Band Configurations
Authors: PEHLIVAN Ö. , KIRAL A. , MAHIROGULLARI M. , KOKSAL O. , KAPLAN H. 
Published: June 2005

Four different fixation configurations of K-wires of two different diameters were used to stabilize a transverse osteotomy in chicken humerus bones. Four-point bending was applied to these to assess their apex dorsal bending rigidity. The configurations of K-wires included intramedullary, crossed and two with different tension wire band designs. One of these consisted of two transverse K-wires which did not cross the fracture line, around which the tension wire band was placed. The results showed that there was no statistical significance between the two different tension band wiring techniques and that both were superior to the intramedullary and crossed K-wire fixation techniques.
Everolimus treatment downregulates renocortical cyclooxygenase‐2 expression in the rat kidney
Authors: Höcherl Klaus , Hensel Corina , Ulbricht Bettina , Krämer Bernhard K 
Published: June 2005

Based on recent evidence that renal cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) gene expression is suppressed by immunosuppressive agents such as cyclosporin A (CsA), tacrolimus and dexamethasone, this study aimed to characterize the effect of the new immunosuppressant everolimus on COX‐2 expression in the rat kidney.
Oral application of everolimus (3 mg kg−1 day−1) to male Sprague–Dawley rats (175–200 g; n=8) for 7 days lowered COX‐2 expression in the rat renal cortex and outer medulla, while COX‐2 expression in the inner medulla as well as COX‐1 expression remained unaltered. Furthermore, everolimus decreased renocortical prostaglandin (PG) E2 concentration.
Everolimus also attenuated the stimulation of renocortical COX‐2 expression by furosemide (12 mg day−1 for 7 days; s.c. via osmotic minipumps), by low salt intake (0.02% NaCl, wt wt−1) or by a combination of low salt intake with the AT1‐receptor antagonist valsartan (30 mg kg−1 day−1; oral). In line with these findings, everolimus decreased renocortical PGE2 concentration during these treatment maneuvers.
Everolimus moderately increased natriuresis and diuresis, while the urinary excretion of PGE2, 6‐keto PGF1α and thromboxane B2 was decreased.
These findings suggest that everolimus inhibits basal and also stimulated expression of renocortical COX‐2 and of tissue prostanoid formation. Since inhibition of renal prostanoid formation by everolimus was associated by an increased rather than decreased natriuresis and diuresis, it appears as if everolimus also inhibits tubular salt and water resorption.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 145, 1112–1122. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706259
Mast cell‐derived tumour necrosis factor‐α mediates macrophage inflammatory protein‐2‐induced recruitment of neutrophils in mice
Authors: Wang Yusheng , Thorlacius Henrik 
Published: June 2005

Recent studies have indicated that mast cells play an intermediate role in chemokine‐induced neutrophil recruitment in vivo.
The aim of the present investigation was to determine the role of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in neutrophil recruitment provoked by the CXC chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein‐2 (MIP‐2). For this purpose, we used mast cell‐ and TNF‐α‐deficient mice and studied neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells in vitro and neutrophil recruitment in the mouse cremaster muscle in vivo.
In contrast to the classical chemoattractant formyl‐methionine‐leucine‐phenylalanin (fMLP), MIP‐2 dose dependently increased neutrophil accumulation in vivo. This MIP‐2‐regulated neutrophil recruitment was abolished in mast cell‐deficient mice.
TNF‐α increased E‐selectin mRNA expression in both wild‐type (WT) and mast cell‐deficient mice. In contrast, MIP‐2 challenge increased gene expression of E‐selectin in WT but not in mast cell‐deficient animals. Moreover, MIP‐2‐provoked extravascular accumulation of neutrophils was reduced by 78% in mice lacking TNF‐α.
In order to better define the role of mast cell‐derived TNF‐α in neutrophil responses to MIP‐2, we used an in vitro endothelial cell adhesion assay with and without mast cells. Interestingly, MIP‐2‐induced neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells was decreased by 58% using TNF‐α‐deficient compared to WT mast cells. Moreover, mast cell secretion of TNF‐α increased by more than 71% in response to challenge with MIP‐2.
Taken together, our results suggest that MIP‐2‐induced neutrophil recruitment is mediated by TNF‐α released from local mast cells. These findings help to explain the complex molecular interactions between chemokines, mast cell activation and neutrophil infiltration in vivo.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 145, 1062–1068. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706274
Cellular responses to nicotinic receptor activation are decreased after prolonged exposure to galantamine in human neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Barik Jacques , Dajas‐Bailador Federico , Wonnacott Susan 
Published: June 2005

In this study, we have examined cellular responses of neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells after chronic treatment with galantamine, a drug used to treat Alzheimer's disease that has a dual mechanism of action: inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and allosteric potentiation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Acute experiments confirmed that maximum potentiation of nicotinic responses occurs at 1 μM galantamine; hence this concentration was chosen for chronic treatment.
Exposure to 1 μM galantamine for 4 days decreased Ca2+ responses (by 19.8±3.6%) or [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA) release (by 23.9±3.3%) elicited by acute application of nicotine. KCl‐evoked increases in intracellular Ca2+ were also inhibited by 10.0±1.9% after 4 days' treatment with galantamine. These diminished responses are consistent with the downregulation of downstream cellular processes.
Ca2+ responses evoked by activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors were unaffected by chronic galantamine treatment. Exposure to the more potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine (1 μM) for 4 days failed to alter nicotine‐, KCl‐, or muscarinic receptor‐evoked increases in intracellular Ca2+. These observations support the hypothesis that chronic galantamine exerts its effects through interaction with nAChR in this cell line.
Exposure to 10 μM nicotine for 4 days produced decreases in acute nicotine‐ (18.0±3.5%) and KCl‐evoked Ca2+ responses (10.6±2.5%) and nicotine‐evoked [3H]NA release (26.0±3.3%) that are comparable to the effects of a corresponding exposure to galantamine.
Treatment with 1 μM galantamine did not alter numbers of [3H]epibatidine‐binding sites in SH‐SY5Y cells, in contrast to 62% upregulation of these sites in response to 10 μM nicotine.
Thus, chronic galantamine acts at nAChR to decrease subsequent functional responses to acute stimulation with nicotine or KCl. This effect appears to be independent of the upregulation of nAChR‐binding sites.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 145, 1084–1092. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706278; published online 6 June 2005
Characterisation of cell‐penetrating peptide‐mediated peptide delivery
Authors: Jones Simon W , Christison Richard , Bundell Ken , Voyce Catherine J , Brockbank Sarah M V , Newham Peter , Lindsay Mark A 
Published: June 2005

Cell‐penetrating peptides such as antennapedia, TAT, transportan and polyarginine have been extensively employed for in vitro and in vivo delivery of biologically active peptides. However, little is known of the relative efficacy, toxicity and uptake mechanism of individual protein transduction domain–peptide conjugates, factors that will be critical in determining the most effective sequence.
In the present study, we show by FACS analysis that unconjugated antennapedia, TAT, transportan and polyarginine demonstrate similar kinetic uptake profiles, being maximal at 1–3 h and independent of cell type (HeLa, A549 and CHO cell lines). A comparison of the magnitude of uptake of cell‐penetrating peptide conjugates demonstrated that polyarginine=transportan>antennapedia>TAT.
However, examination of cellular toxicity showed that antennapedia<TAT<transportan<∩polyarginine, with antennapedia–peptide conjugates having no significant toxicity even at 100 μM.
Confocal studies of the mechanism of antennapedia‐ and TAT‐peptide uptake showed that the time course of uptake and their cellular distribution did not correlate with transferrin, a marker of clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. In contrast, the peptides co‐localised with a marker of lipid rafts domains, cholera toxin, which was attenuated following the disruption of these domains using methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin.
Overall, comparison of the uptake and toxicity suggests that antennapedia provides the optimal cell‐penetrating peptide for peptide delivery in vitro and that both antennapedia‐ and TAT‐mediated peptide delivery occurs predominantly via lipid raft‐dependent but clathrin‐independent endocytosis.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 145, 1093–1102. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706279; published online 6 June 2005
Trial of trefoil factor 3 enemas, in combination with oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid, for the treatment of mild‐to‐moderate left‐sided ulcerative colitis
Authors: Mahmood A. , Melley L. , Fitzgerald A. J. , Ghosh S. , Playford R. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackground : Current treatment of ulcerative colitis is imperfect. Trefoil peptides are known to stimulate repair in many models of injury, including animal models of colitis.Aim : To assess the efficacy of trefoil factor family‐3 enema treatment in a clinical trial.Methods : A total of 16 patients with mild‐to‐moderate left sided ulcerative colitis were recruited into a double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled study. Patients taking steroids or with proctitis only were excluded. Patients received 75 mL enemas containing either human recombinant trefoil factor family‐3 (10 mg/mL) or saline alone once a day for 14 days. All patients also received an oral dose‐increment of 1.2 g of mesalazine daily above their normal usage. Patients were assessed at 0, 2, 4 and 12 weeks. Remission was defined as Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index of 0 or 1 with no blood in stool. Individual clinical improvement was defined as a Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index reduction of >3. Data was analysed using chi‐square test and anova.Results : Median Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index at entry were 8.5 (trefoil factor family‐3 group) and 8 (placebo group). Analysed on an intention‐to‐treat basis, only one patient went into remission (in trefoil factor family‐3 group at day 28). Clinical improvement was seen in two trefoil factor family‐3 and three placebo patients on day 14 and two patients in each group on day 28.Conclusion : Increasing the dose of 5‐aminosalicylic acid was moderately effective in reducing the Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index but was insufficient to induce remission. Trefoil factor family‐3 enemas were well‐tolerated but did not provide additional benefit above that of adding additional 5‐aminosalicylic acid alone.
Irritable bowel syndrome in the United States: prevalence, symptom patterns and impact
Authors: Hungin A. P. S. , Chang L. , Locke G. R. , Dennis E. H. , Barghout V. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryBackground : The impact of irritable bowel syndrome, a gastrointestinal motility disorder, is underestimated and poorly quantified, as clinicians may see only a minority of sufferers.Aim : To determine the prevalence, symptom patterns and impact of irritable bowel syndrome in the US.Methods : This two‐phase community survey used quota sampling and random‐digit telephone dialling (screening interview) to identify individuals with medically diagnosed irritable bowel syndrome or individuals not formally diagnosed, but fulfilling irritable bowel syndrome diagnostic criteria (Manning, Rome I or II). Information on irritable bowel syndrome symptoms, general health status, lifestyle and impact of symptoms on individuals’ lives was collected using in‐depth follow‐up interviews. Data were also collected for healthy controls identified in the screening interviews.Results : The total prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in 5009 screening interviews was 14.1% (medically diagnosed: 3.3%; undiagnosed, but meeting irritable bowel syndrome criteria: 10.8%). Abdominal pain/discomfort was the most common symptom prompting consultation. Most sufferers (74% medically diagnosed; 63% undiagnosed) reported alternating constipation and diarrhoea. Previously diagnosed gastrointestinal disorders occurred more often in sufferers than non‐sufferers. Irritable bowel syndrome sufferers had more days off work (6.4 vs. 3.0) and days in bed, and reduced activities to a greater extent than non‐sufferers.Conclusions : Most (76.6%) irritable bowel syndrome sufferers in the US are undiagnosed. Irritable bowel syndrome has a substantial impact on sufferers’ well‐being and health, with considerable socioeconomic consequences.
Review article: the management of lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Farrell J. J. , Friedman L. S. 
Published: June 2005

SummarySeveral recent advances have been made in the evaluation and management of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. This review focuses on the management of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, especially acute severe bleeding.The aim of the study was to critically review the published literature on important management issues in lower gastrointestinal bleeding, including haemodynamic resuscitation, diagnostic evaluation, and endoscopic, radiologic, and surgical therapy, and to develop an algorithm for the management of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, based on this literature review.Publications pertaining to lower gastrointestinal bleeding were identified by searches of the MEDLINE database for the years 1966 to December 2004. Clinical trials and review articles were specifically identified, and their reference citation lists were searched for additional publications not identified in the database searches. Clinical trials and current clinical recommendations were assessed by using commonly applied criteria. Specific recommendations are made based on the evidence reviewed.Approximately, 200 original and review articles were reviewed and graded. There is a paucity of high‐quality evidence to guide the management of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, and current endoscopic, radiologic, and surgical practices appear to reflect local expertise and availability of services. Endoscopic literature supports the role of urgent colonoscopy and therapy where possible. Radiology literature supports the role of angiography, especially after a positive bleeding scan has been obtained. Limited surgical data support the role of segmental resection in the management of persistent lower gastrointestinal bleeding after localization by either colonoscopy or angiography.There is limited high‐quality research in the area of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Recent advances have improved the endoscopic, radiologic and surgical management of this problem. However, treatment decisions are still often based on local expertise and preference. With increased access to urgent therapeutic endoscopy for the management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy can be expected to play an increasing role in the management of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
Epithelial cell proliferation of the colonic mucosa in diverticular disease: a case–control study
Authors: Morini S. , Hassan C. , Zullo A. , De Francesco V. , Burattini O. , Margiotta M. , Panella C. , Ierardi E. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryBackground : A higher risk of both advanced adenoma and carcinoma occurs in the sigmoid colon of patients with diverticular disease, for which bacterial carcinogens have been claimed to play a role.Aim : To assess epithelial cell proliferation in colonic mucosa of diverticular disease patients before and after rifaximin treatment.Methods : Twelve consecutive patients with a new endoscopic diagnosis of left‐sided diverticular disease and 12 matched controls were enrolled. Epithelial cell proliferation in the sigmoid mucosa was assessed by using proliferating cell nuclear antigen. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen index of the whole crypt and of the upper third was separately evaluated before and after 10‐day rifaximin (400 mg b.d.) therapy.Results : Proliferating cell nuclear antigen index in the upper third of the crypt was significantly higher in the diverticular patients (median: 25, range: 14–32) as compared with controls (median: 15, range: 5–20) (P = 0.038), and it was not reverted by rifaximin therapy. No difference of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen index of the whole crypt was detected between cases (median: 27, range: 23–44) and controls (median: 25, range: 18–42) (P = 0.6).Conclusions : Our data showed an upward shifting of cellular proliferation in the sigmoid mucosa of patients with diverticular disease. Because of rifaximin failure in reversing this alteration, factors other than the bacterial load should probably be investigated.