bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of power lines by equivalent source system
Authors: Canova A. , Freschi F. , Repetto M. , Tartaglia M. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe definition of a simple model of low frequency magnetic field created by power industrial installations can be approached by using an equivalent source system (ESS). Given a set of measured magnetic field points, the ESS, made by a limited set of current carrying wires or turns, must be placed and supplied in order to fit the measured magnetic field values. An optimisation procedure can be used to define the current values and the location of the ESS which minimize the error between the measured and computed magnetic field values.Design/methodology/approachA two‐step optimal procedure is defined: in the outer step a stochastic optimisation routine is used to drive the geometric control parameters of the ESS while, in the inner step, the current values flowing through the sources are computed to find the minimization of the error with respect to a set of measured magnetic field values. The optimisation procedure is based on an artificial immune system algorithm which focuses on a deep exploration of the search space and gave interesting results both in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency.FindingsThe results show that the proposed approach is able to reconstruct the magnetic field created by complex source system and give some accuracy measure on the reconstruction error. The optimisation process carried out also on conductor positions has allowed to find out the location of the real sources in an accurate way, also in presence of measurement errors.Originality/valueThe approach proposed uses optimisation procedures to solve the inverse problem of source reconstruction starting by a set of measured magnetic field values. The definition of a simple equivalent source structure, together with an optimisation procedure to set its control parameters, allows to simulate complex magnetic field sources, like power substations or cable systems, in a very efficient and compact way.
A fast algorithm for inversion of MLP networks in design problems
Authors: Cherubini Davide , Fanni Alessandra , Montisci Augusto , Testoni Pietro 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo present a neural network‐based approach to the design of electromagnetic devices.Design/methodology/approachA neural model is created which reproduces the relationship between the design parameters of the device and the performance parameters, typically field values.FindingsThe neural model is a single hidden layer MLP network, trained by using a set of cases calculated, for example, by means of a finite element analysis. The design problem can be solved by fixing the performance values at the output of the network and by calculating the corresponding input values. The relationship between the input and the output of the neural network is represented by three equations systems. By means of these three systems, we can forward the domain of the input, and we can back propagate the desired output throughout the network layers. In such a way, both the domain of the design parameters and the domain of the desired performances values can be projected in the same space. Whatever point inside the intersection between the two projected domains corresponds to a solution of the design problem.Originality/valuePresents a procedure which is able to find a point belonging to such an intersection.
Recent experiences of multiobjective optimisation in electromagnetics
Authors: Di Barba P. , Mognaschi M.E. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to compare different methods for multiobjective optimisation with respect to the same benchmark problem.Design/methodology/approachThe following methods are considered: equilibrium of gradients GB, multi‐individual multi‐objective evolution‐strategy MOESTRA, and goal attainment GATT, respectively. They are applied to the shape design of the pole pitch of an electrical machine, with the aim of maximizing the air‐gap induction and minimizing the stray field in the winding.FindingsThe same initial solution of the benchmark is considered for all methods. The final solution of GB and MOESTRA dominates the initial one because both objectives are improved. GB is the most expensive method and therefore is not suited when several non‐dominated solutions should be identified. Accordingly, the trade‐off curve was approximated by means of 15 non‐dominated solutions, resorting to MOESTRA.Originality/valueA multi‐objective multi‐individual evolution strategy of lowest order has proven to be cost‐effective in identifying a set of non‐dominated solutions, so helping the designer to investigate the structure of the objective space. The requirements in terms of timing and facilities appear to be compatible with the resources of an automated design centre of an industrial company.
A multi‐objective analysis of a special switched reluctance motor
Authors: Lebensztajn Luiz , Marretto Carina A.R. , Perdiz Fábio A.B. , Costa Maurício C. , Nabeta Silvio I. , Dietrich Álvaro B. , Chabu Ivan E. , Cavalcanti Thiago T.G.R. , Roberto Cardoso José 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe design of electrical machines includes the computation of several requirements and, in general, the improvement of one requirement implies in a degradation of another one: this is a typical multi‐objective scenario. The paper focuses on the multi‐optimization analysis of a special switched reluctance motor.Design/methodology/approachTwo design requirements were analyzed: the average torque and the ripple torque. The electromagnetic field computation was performed by the finite element method and the torque was computed by the Coulomb's Virtual Work for several positions. This allows us to calculate the average torque and the ripple torque. Three different methods were used to obtain the Pareto set: a min‐max approach, the non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) and the strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA). In order to save the computation time, the objective functions (the average torque and the ripple torque) were replaced with surrogate functions. Kriging models were used as surrogate functions.FindingsThe evolutionary methods (NSGA and SPEA) have a similar performance. The min‐max has not the same performance. It could have the same performance only if some unconstrained optimization problems are solved before the multi‐objective optimization. The maximum relative deviation between the approximated function (Kriging model) and the same value calculated by the finite element method was equal to 0.8 percent for the average torque and 1.2 percent for the ripple torque. The ripple torque, considered as the difference between the maximum and the minimum values in the 0‐90° region, has reduced while its frequency has doubled. This last characteristic provides a better mechanical stability for the driven load because its inertia softens the ripple effects at the double the frequency. The optimized prototype presents higher torques in the region θ<0° and this allows the electronic drive to switch in a broader range rendering the motor operation more flexible.Originality/valueThe use of surrogate functions save the computation time with high accuracy. This is very important on the design of electrical machines, a typical multi‐objective scenario. Evolutionary methods seem to be well suited to solve this class of problem.
Study of the inverse problem resolution quality: application to low‐field magnetostatic
Authors: Guerin Sébastien , Coulomb Jean‐Louis , Cauffet Gilles 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThis paper presents a method to improve inverse problem resolution. This method focuses on the measurement set and particularly on sensor position. Based on experiment, it aims at finding sensor position criteria to insure the least bad inverse problem solving.Design/methodology/approachThe studied device is a magnetized steel sheet measured by four sensors. Three optimization techniques are compared: condition number, solid angle and signature optimization.FindingsAn efficient criterion to compare the inverse problem resolution quality is presented. The comparison of optimization techniques shows that only signature optimization gives accurate results.Research limitations/implicationsA relative simple case is studied in this paper: only four sensors are used to measure a steel sheet. Moreover magnetostatic low‐field case is supposed. Nevertheless techniques presented could be applied to more complex studies. Condition number and solid angle optimizations techniques should be tested with more sensors to confirm or infirm their inefficiency.Practical implicationsThis paper presents the first step of a larger study concerning ships for naval application. The aim is to predict magnetic anomaly created by ship to compensate it. This anomaly could be computed through the resolution of an inverse problem based on internal measurements. The signature optimization technique could be used to find the optimal sensor location onboard.Originality/valueTraditional regularization techniques are focusing on adding mathematical or physical information to the system in order to improve it. This paper provides another approach to improve inverse problem resolution through measurement set. It shows that sensor position optimization should be efficient.
Optimal design of electric vehicles drive train
Authors: Mester V. , Gillon F. , Brochet P. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe paper highlights the process of electric vehicles optimal design as an inverse problem and presents the global constrained optimization as the best way to solve it.Design/methodology/approachThe electric vehicle optimal design is carried out by a new approach. It consists an electric vehicle design model managed by constrained optimization techniques. It includes sizing models for all drive train components and a vehicle dynamic model build in a new “design way” as an energy‐based model using the response surface methodology. The sensitivity of first simple sizing models can be evaluated by the experimental design method, giving information about the most important part of the model that must be improved.FindingsThe result shows the superiority of the constrained optimization technique that treats simultaneously the global optimization and the model adjustment. This method of simultaneous resolution is much more powerful than the successive resolution of each subproblem. The proposed “design approach” used for electric vehicle optimal design offer a large potential in the field of the complex systems design.Originality/valueThe electric vehicle design process is treated on a vehicle design model based on a design approach. It allows determining the drive train components specifications for imposed vehicle performances, taking into account the dynamic model of the vehicle and all components interactions. Furthermore, considering fine components sizing models, the components can be sized taking into account the whole system behavior in an optimal global design.
Some geometrical and evolutionary procedures for optimizing the calculation times of 3D current fields by the finite element method
Authors: Delvecchio G. , Di Sciascio E. , Grassi S. , Neri F. , Sylos Labini M. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeAs well known, in the finite element method, the calculation and the location of the elements of the matrixCof the coefficients requires a lot of calculation times and memory employment especially for 3D problems. Besides, once the matrixCis properly filled, the solution of the system of linear equations is computationally expensive.Design/methodology/approachThe paper consists of two parts. In the first part, to quickly calculate and store only the non‐null terms of the matrix of the system, a geometrical analysis on three‐dimensional domains has been carried out. The second part of the paper deals with the solution of the system of linear equations and proposes a procedure for increasing the solution speed: the traditional method of the conjugate gradient is hybridized with an adequate genetic algorithm (Genetic Conjugate Gradient).FindingsThe proposed geometrical procedure allows us to calculate the non‐null terms and their location within the matrixCby simple recursive formulas. The results concerning the genetic conjugate gradient show that the convergence to the solution of the linear system is obtained in a much smaller number iterations and the calculation time is also significantly decreased.Originality/valueThe approach proposed to analyze the geometrical space has been turned out to be very useful in terms of memory saving and computational cost. The genetic conjugate gradient is an original hybrid method to solve large scale problems quicker than the traditional conjugate gradient. An application of the method has been shown for current fields generated by grounding electrodes.
Consumer perceptions of store brands versus national brands
Authors: De Wulf Kristof , Odekerken‐Schröder Gaby , Goedertier Frank , Van Ossel Gino 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe objective of this study is threefold. First, the authors want to use taste tests to assess how four store brands that are differently positioned compare to one national brand in terms of perceived brand equity. Second, the authors want to investigate whether brand equity of store versus national brands is determined by current brand loyalty towards these brands. Third, they want to find out whether store patronage has an influence on perceived brand equity of store versus national brands.Design/methodology/approachA total of 225 consumers were involved in a repeated measures design involving two within‐subject factors: a blind and non‐blind taste test of five orange juice brands. Across our three objectives, we describe the impact of the retailers' positioning strategies on the results generated.FindingsThe results confirm the common belief that private label products can offer the same or even better quality than national brands, but at a lower price.Originality/valueUntil now, hardly any study incorporates the differences in positioning objectives of retailers and national brand manufacturers. Nevertheless, as is true for any brand, positioning of a store brand can exert an important influence on its performance.
Market orientation, strategic flexibility, and performance: implications for services providers
Authors: Javalgi Rajshekhar (Raj) G. , Whipple Thomas W. , Ghosh Amit K. , Young Robert B. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThis article proposes investigating implications for service providers who adopt a market orientation. It hopes to extend current thinking by integrating market orientation and market‐focused strategic flexibility.Design/methodology/approachA model is extended to apply to services marketing. The “strategic wheel of service performance” provides a framework to discuss the managerial implications from integration of market orientation, strategic flexibility, competitive advantage, and service performance.FindingsThe impact of developing a market orientation should be higher levels of customer relationship marketing (CRM), retention, satisfaction, loyalty, and lifetime value (LTV). Increases in one or more of these interrelated variables should help service providers improve their judgmental and objective performance.Research limitations/implicationsMore research needs to be conducted to expand the market orientation philosophy to the service provider. Subjecting the framework to analytic rigor would allow scholars and practitioners to understand more fully the inter‐relatedness of the service implications.Practical implicationsPractice implications of the paper are: the service economy is an opportunity to practice market orientation; investments in customer profitability, retention, and loyalty programs pay dividends; A market orientation enhances financial and strategic performance; integration of principles across organizational boundaries requires a long time; financial and strategic business performance criteria need to be quantified; cross‐functional customer feedback mechanisms need to be designed; and market orientation must be integrated across all service function providers.Originality/valueThe conceptual framework integrates market orientation, market‐focused strategic flexibility, strategic competitive advantage, and subjective and objective performance outcomes as applied to service providers. The discussion strengthens the strategic value of market orientation and provides managerial implications for the services sector.
The effect of intercultural sensitivity on employee performance in cross‐cultural service encounters
Authors: Sizoo Steve , Plank Richard , Iskat Wilfried , Serrie Hendrick 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe significant increase in service offerings throughout the world has caused marketing scholars to focus their attention on the characteristics of the service encounter. With the growth in global business, more attention is also being paid to cross‐culture service encounters. This study proposes adding to that trend by attempting to measure the effect of intercultural sensitivity on the cross‐cultural performance of service employees.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaires were carried out in four‐ and five‐diamond hotels located in the state of Florida with reputations for attracting foreign guests.FindingsThe results indicate that employees with high intercultural sensitivity scored significantly (p<0.05) higher than employees with low intercultural sensitivity in terms of service attentiveness, revenue contribution, interpersonal skills, job satisfaction, and social satisfaction as they relate to cross‐cultural encounters. There was no significant difference in scores for motivation‐to‐work and perceptions of primary rewards (compensation, recognition, etc.).Research limitations/implicationsThe study was limited to upscale in Florida hotels.Originality/valueResults suggest that service firms would benefit from testing for and providing training in intercultural sensitivity for employees involved in cross‐cultural service encounters.
Critical evaluation of two models for entrepreneurial education
Authors: Pretorius Marius , Nieman Gideon , van Vuuren Jurie 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThis paper focuses on the comparison of two models for entrepreneurial education with the aim of potential integration. At this juncture when entrepreneurial development is seen as the core contributor to enhance start‐ups of new ventures and hence facilitate economic growth and development, the best possible education model is required. The creation of more entrepreneurs is at least partially dependent on the creation and advancement of efficient educational models.Design/methodology/approachFirst, this paper briefly describes the two independently developed models for entrepreneurial education. Second, an in‐depth qualitative analysis of the individual model constructs is presented to evaluate the contributions and limitations of each. Third, this paper proposes an integrated model that identifies certain weaknesses of each of its building‐blocks, which are eliminated by the integration.FindingsThe paper concludes that the integrated model for entrepreneurial education enhances the body of knowledge and highlights the key role of facilitators of entrepreneurial education programmes.Originality/valueSuggests that research should be conducted into the facilitation skills, entrepreneurial and business experience of existing facilitators and potentially those of business advisers that act as mentors.
Borderless education: some implications for management
Authors: Wood Barb J.G. , Tapsall Suellen M. , Soutar Geoffrey N. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThere is a considerable competition within the global education marketplace, as can be seen by the growing number of higher education providers. Significant changes to information and communication technologies (ICTs) have also supported dramatic opportunities for distance and online education. This transformation, in combination with a growing demand for continuing professional education and strengthened demands by employers for tailored education and training, has caused significant shifts in higher education. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of three relevant trends within higher education. The paper explores: the significant changes in ICTs and their support for enhanced distance and online learning opportunities; the growing demand for continuing professional management education; and the strengthened demand by employers for tailored education and training.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews current literature on higher education trends in the areas of globalisation, virtualisation and borderlessness. The impact of these trends is specifically examined relative to management education.FindingsThe paper discusses the implications of higher education trends on curriculum, teaching and administration in management education.Originality/valueThis paper brings together a significant amount of information from various sources to provide a coherent resource about management education trends and the implication of these trends on the future provision of management education.
Nothing seems to have changed, nothing seems to be changing and perhaps nothing will change in the NHS: doctors' response to clinical governance
Authors: Som C.V. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate on the response of doctors to health policy initiatives in general and clinical governance in particular.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach has been adopted where the empirical data collection and the analysis are influenced by a phenomenological case study approach. An instrumental case study is undertaken and a heterogeneous group of 33 persons with important responsibilities for clinical governance was interviewed using a semi‐structured format.FindingsThe results indicate that doctors are not enthusiastic about clinical governance and it is not receiving wholehearted support from doctors because they feel that clinical governance is a management‐led initiative imposed without adequate consultations. The real reasons for lack of enthusiasm, indifference and sometimes resistance of doctors to clinical governance are examined. This paper points out the tension between an organisation (wishing to bring clinical care within a management framework) and doctors (who are resisting managerial efforts to replace the old framework of bureau professionalism).Research limitations/implicationsFurther research is required to develop a better understanding of the influence of clinical governance on power and conflict in NHS organisations.Practical implicationsThis paper has practical implications for policy makers as well as NHS managers. Policy makers may consider suitable amendments in clinical governance to minimise resistance and seek the support of clinicians. A better understanding of this issue would perhaps enable NHS management to develop better management practices that will make it possible to seek the support of doctors for clinical governance.Originality/valueLimited attention has been paid to understanding the response of doctors to clinical governance. This empirical research makes a valuable contribution by focusing on this important aspect of clinical governance.