bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degradation of DDT by γ-hexachlorocyclohexane dehydrochlorinase LinA
Authors: Yusuf Habibullah Kafayat Olaide , Ito Ren , Stari Leonardo , Kishida Kouhei , Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Masai Eiji , Fukuda Masao , Miyauchi Keisuke , Nagata Yuji 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT) is the first synthetic insecticide and one of the most widely used pesticides. The use of DDT has been banned, but it remains one of the most notorious environmental pollutants around the world. In this study, we found that γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) dehydrochlorinase LinA from a γ-HCH-degrading bacterium, Sphingobium japonicum UT26, converts DDT to 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (DDE). Because of the weak DDT degradation activity of LinA, we could not detect such activity in UT26 cells expressing LinA constitutively. However, the linA-deletion mutant of UT26 harboring a plasmid for the expression of LinA, in which LinA was expressed at a higher level than UT26, showed the DDT degradation activity. This outcome highlights the potential for constructing DDT-degrading sphingomonad cells through elevated LinA expression.
Mapping the individual human cortex using multidimensional MRI and unsupervised learning
Authors: Kundu Shinjini , Barsoum Stephanie , Ariza Jeanelle , Nolan Amber L , Latimer Caitlin S , Keene C Dirk , Basser Peter J , Benjamini Dan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Human evolution has seen the development of higher-order cognitive and social capabilities in conjunction with the unique laminar cytoarchitecture of the human cortex. Moreover, early-life cortical maldevelopment has been associated with various neurodevelopmental diseases. Despite these connections, there is currently no noninvasive technique available for imaging the detailed cortical laminar structure. This study aims to address this scientific and clinical gap by introducing an approach for imaging human cortical lamina. This method combines diffusion–relaxation multidimensional MRI with a tailored unsupervised machine learning approach that introduces enhanced microstructural sensitivity. This new imaging method simultaneously encodes the microstructure, the local chemical composition and importantly their correlation within complex and heterogenous tissue. To validate our approach, we compared the intra-cortical layers obtained using our ex vivo MRI-based method with those derived from Nissl staining of postmortem human brain specimens. The integration of unsupervised learning with diffusion–relaxation correlation MRI generated maps that demonstrate sensitivity to areal differences in cytoarchitectonic features observed in histology. Significantly, our observations revealed layer-specific diffusion–relaxation signatures, showing reductions in both relaxation times and diffusivities at the deeper cortical levels. These findings suggest a radial decrease in myelin content and changes in cell size and anisotropy, reflecting variations in both cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. Additionally, we demonstrated that 1D relaxation and high-order diffusion MRI scalar indices, even when aggregated and used jointly in a multimodal fashion, cannot disentangle the cortical layers. Looking ahead, our technique holds the potential to open new avenues of research in human neurodevelopment and the vast array of disorders caused by disruptions in neurodevelopment.
Rates of seasonal fuel loading do not differ by sex or overwintering strategy in three species of bats
Authors: Weller Theodore J , Clerc Jeff , Lau Matthew J , Johnson Nels G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
For temperate-zone mammals, seasonal changes in weather and food availability often govern energy allocation. In addition, energy allocation strategies usually differ between males and females. Bats are an interesting group in which to evaluate energetic trade-offs as they are highly mobile and lead energetically demanding lives in habitats across a variety of seasonally variable climates. We evaluated year-round changes in body mass and fuel load for three species of bats in northern California: Silver-haired Bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), California Myotis (Myotis californicus), and Yuma Myotis (Myotis yumanensis). Silver-haired bats are considered migratory species with females likely migrating farther than males. The two species of myotis are considered residents. Body mass of all species peaked in late autumn and was at a minimum during spring. We calculated a fuel load index to normalize size difference between species and sexes. We used sex- and season-specific multiple linear regression models to evaluate rates of change in seasonal fuel loading. Rates of change in fuel load did not differ among species or sexes except for male silver-haired bats that increased fuel loads rapidly during summer. Interspecific comparisons provided valuable insights into the energy allocation and overwintering strategies of these species and are an important initial step toward understanding their ecology over the full annual cycle.
Eptesicus innoxius(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Authors: Salas Jaime A , Loaiza S. Christian R , Cadenillas Richard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEptesicus innoxius (Gervais, 1841) is a vespertilionid bat commonly known as harmless brown bat or harmless serotine. It is a small bat, with woolly, short dorsal fur (5–6 mm), that is brown to pale grayish brown; the sagittal and lambdoidal crests are very low or absent. Eptesicus innoxius occurs in lowlands west of the Andes, with a geographic distribution restricted to northwestern and southern Ecuador, and northwestern Peru, at elevations from sea level to 1,200 m. It is listed as “Near Threatened” (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature because of a suspected population reduction due to a significant decline of habitat where the species occurs.
Rheology of a dilute binary mixture of inertial suspension under simple shear flow
Authors: Takada Satoshi , Hayakawa Hisao , Garzó Vicente 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The rheology of a dilute binary mixture of inertial suspension under simple shear flow is analyzed in the context of the Boltzmann kinetic equation. The effect of the surrounding viscous gas on the solid particles is accounted for by means of a deterministic viscous drag force plus a stochastic Langevin-like term defined in terms of the environmental temperature Tenv. Grad’s moment method is employed to determine the temperature ratio and the pressure tensor in terms of the coefficients of restitution, concentration, the masses and diameters of the components of the mixture, and the environmental temperature. Analytical results are compared against event-driven Langevin simulations for mixtures of hard spheres with the same mass density m1/m2 = (σ(1)/σ(2))3, mi and σ(1) being the mass and diameter, respectively, of the species i. It is confirmed that the theoretical predictions agree with simulations of various size ratios σ(1)/σ(2) and for elastic and inelastic collisions in a wide range of parameter space. It is remarkable that the temperature ratio T1/T2 and the viscosity ratio η1/η2 (ηi being the partial contribution of the species i to the total shear viscosity η = η1 + η2) discontinuously change at a certain shear rate as the size ratio increases; this feature (which is expected to occur in the thermodynamic limit) cannot be completely captured by simulations due to the small system size. In addition, a Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK)-type kinetic model adapted to mixtures of inelastic hard spheres is exactly solved when Tenv is much smaller than the kinetic temperature T. A comparison between the velocity distribution functions obtained from Grad’s method, the BGK model, and simulations is carried out.
Stock repurchasing bias of mutual funds
Authors: Du Mengqiao , Niessen-Ruenzi Alexandra , Odean Terrance 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article shows that mutual funds’ trading experiences bias their future repurchasing decisions. Mutual funds are less likely to repurchase a stock if they previously sold the stock for a loss rather than for a gain. After switching to managing a different fund, fund managers still avoid repurchasing stocks they sold for a loss at a past fund. We do not find that mutual fund managers are biased against repurchasing past loser stocks because of superior information. Though less likely to be repurchased, repurchased losers do not underperform repurchased winners—and the fund itself—in the subsequent quarter.
The Biopolitics of Parental Access: Cross-Readings of Transnational Adoption and Surrogacy in Denmark and Norway
Authors: Stuvøy Ingvill , Myong Lene 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article introduces the notion of the “biopolitics of parental access” as an analytical lens to examine how different forms of reproductive governance support and enable parental access. Through a cross-reading of political and administrative documents relating to the regulation of, respectively, transnational adoption in Denmark and transnational surrogacy in Norway, we examine the logics and techniques that inform the reproductive governance of parental access. Drawing attention to the racialized entanglement of pro- and anti-natalism, the analysis shows how access to parenthood for Danish and Norwegian citizens is continued and secured through the annihilation of the parenthood of surrogate mothers and families losing children to adoption. While the concrete logics and techniques of reproductive governance differ in the two cases, the result—access to parenthood—is similar.
The role of APOBEC3-induced mutations in the differential evolution of monkeypox virus
Authors: Li Xiangting , Habibipour Sara , Chou Tom , Yang Otto O 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recent studies show that newly sampled monkeypox virus (MPXV) genomes exhibit mutations consistent with Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing Catalytic Polypeptide-like3 (APOBEC3)-mediated editing compared to MPXV genomes collected earlier. It is unclear whether these single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) result from APOBEC3-induced editing or are a consequence of genetic drift within one or more MPXV animal reservoirs. We develop a simple method based on a generalization of the General-Time-Reversible model to show that the observed SNPs are likely the result of APOBEC3-induced editing. The statistical features allow us to extract lineage information and estimate evolutionary events.
A Descriptive Study Examining the Correlation of Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Styles to Conflict Management Styles of Nursing School Administrators
Authors: Welch Vicki A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

AIM
This study aimed to identify if a correlation exists among trait emotional intelligence (EI), leadership styles, and conflict management styles used by nurse education administrators.

BACKGROUND
Nursing is fraught with incivility, bullying, and increasing physical aggression. Conflict surrounds nurses at every level. EI and leadership styles in nursing have been addressed. Few studies were found that addressed conflict management by nurse education administrators.

METHOD
A quantitative nonexperimental correlational design using discriminant analysis was used in this study.

RESULTS
Trait EI factors of emotionality and sociability correlated with conflict management styles. Leadership styles and conflict management styles were situational; management styles of integrating and compromising were underused in conflict situations.

CONCLUSION
Nurse education administrators are in a position to become disruptive innovators in changing the nursing culture. The increased use of conflict management styles of integrating and compromising can help address incivility and bullying.
Inborn errors of immunity underlying defective T-cell memory
Authors: Boutboul David , Picard Capucine , Latour Sylvain 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
T-cell memory is a complex process not well understood involving specific steps, pathways and different T-cell subpopulations. Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) represent unique models to decipher some of these requirements in humans. More than 500 different IEIs have been reported to date, and recently a subgroup of monogenic disorders characterized by memory T-cell defects has emerged, providing novel insights into the pathways of T-cell memory generation and maintenance, although this new knowledge is mostly restricted to peripheral blood T-cell memory populations.

Recent findings
This review draws up an inventory of the main and recent IEIs associated with T-cell memory defects and their mice models, with a particular focus on the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway, including the scaffold protein capping protein regulator and myosin 1 linker 2 (CARMIL2) and the T-cell co-stimulatory molecules CD28 and OX-40. Besides NF-κB, IKZF1 (IKAROS), a key transcription factor of haematopoiesis and STAT3-dependent interleukin-6 signals involving the transcription factor ZNF341 also appear to be important for the generation of T cell memory. Somatic reversion mosaicism in memory T cells is documented for several gene defects supporting the critical role of these factors in the development of memory T cells with a potential clinical benefit.

Summary
Systematic examination of T-cell memory subsets could be helpful in the diagnosis of IEIs.
Outcomes of Surgically Treated Pilon Fractures: A Comparison of Patients with and without Diabetes
Authors: Chowdary Ashish R. , Ravi Varun , Wukich Dane K. , Sambandam Senthil 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Compare systemic complications, fracture healing related complications, and reoperation rates for pilon fractures in patients with and without diabetes.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
National administrative claims database with patient records.

Patients:
Patients from the years 2016 to 2020 with surgically treated closed or open pilon fractures.

Intervention:
Patients with either closed or open pilon fractures with diabetes were compared to those without diabetes. Subgroup analysis was performed on diabetic patients with and without neuropathy.

Outcomes:
Postoperative systemic complications at 90 days, fracture healing complications at 90 days and 1 year, and reoperative rates at 90 days and 1 year.

Results:
2,654 (31.4%) patients with closed fractures and 491 (28.7%) patients with open fractures had a diagnosis of diabetes. In both open and closed fractures, we identified significantly higher rates of acute kidney injury, cardiac arrest, and surgical site infection in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients. Additionally, we found significantly higher rates of below knee amputations in diabetic patients. Diabetic patients with closed fractures had significantly higher rates of wound healing related reoperations. Patients with advanced diabetic disease, as suggested by the presence of neuropathy, had higher rates of nonunions and post-traumatic arthritis.

Conclusions:
The data presented here provides updated estimates on complication rates in pilon fractures using large sample size. Additionally, our work identifies differences in outcomes for patients with and without diabetes following pilon fracture surgery. Our data suggests that patients with severe diabetes are prone to higher rates of healing complications and may benefit from additional therapeutic support.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Coated Cast Saw Blades Decrease Blade Temperature During Cast Removal
Authors: Stevens Michael R.E. , Kirk Andrew M. , Collofello Brandon S. , Muffly Brian T. , Prusick Vincent W. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Thermal injuries can occur during cast removal with an oscillating saw. The purpose of this study is to describe the effect of blade material, blade wear, and cast material on blade temperature.

Methods:
Short arm plaster and fiberglass casts were cured overnight and bivalved with either new or worn stainless-steel or tungsten-disulfide coated blades. Blade use was defined as removing 1 short arm cast. Blades used to remove more than 20 casts were defined as worn. Ten trials were performed with each combination of blade material, blade wear, and cast material, except for the combination of fiberglass and a worn stainless-steel blade due to complete erosion of cutting teeth. Thirty casts were removed with stainless-steel blades, and 40 casts were removed with coated blades. Blade temperature was measured continuously at 5 Hz using a T-type thermocouple and microcontroller board. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the mean maximum temperature between groups.

Results:
For plaster casts, new and worn stainless-steel blades produced mean maximum temperatures of 51.4°C and 63.7°C (P=0.003), respectively. New stainless-steel blades produced significantly higher mean maximum temperatures on fiberglass casts than plaster casts (95.9°C vs. 51.4°C, P<.001). For plaster casts, new and worn coated blades produced mean maximum temperatures of 56.9°C and 53.8°C (P=0.347). For fiberglass casts, new and worn coated blades produced mean maximum temperatures of 76.6°C and 77.7°C (P=0.653). As with new stainless-steel blades, new coated blades produced significantly higher mean maximum temperatures on fiberglass than plaster (76.6°C vs. 56.9°C, P<0.001). Mean maximum temperatures between new stainless-steel and coated blades during removal of plaster casts were 51.4°C and 56.9°C (P=0.131), respectively. However, new coated blades demonstrated significantly lower mean maximum temperatures during fiberglass cast removal compared to new stainless-steel blades (76.6°C vs. 95.9°C, P=0.016).

Conclusions:
Coated blades outperformed stainless-steel in nearly all combinations. We recommend limited use of stainless-steel blades to minimize blade temperatures during cast removal.

Clinical Relevance:
Appropriate selection of blade material and monitoring blade wear minimizes blade temperature during cast removal.
The Importance of Incorporating Proportional Alignment in Adult Cervical Deformity Corrections Relative to Regional and Global Alignment
Authors: Passias Peter G. , Williamson Tyler K. , Pierce Katherine E. , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Krol Oscar , Imbo Bailey , Joujon-Roche Rachel , Tretiakov Peter , Ahmad Salman , Bennett-Caso Claudia , Mir Jamshaid , Dave Pooja , McFarland Kimberly , Owusu-Sarpong Stephane , Lebovic Jordan A. , Janjua Muhammad Burhan , de la Garza-Ramos Rafael , Vira Shaleen , Diebo Bassel , Koller Heiko , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Lafage Renaud , Lafage Virginie 
Published: October 2023

Study Design/Setting.
Retrospective single-center study.

Background.
The global alignment and proportion score is widely used in adult spinal deformity surgery. However, it is not specific to the parameters used in adult cervical deformity (ACD).

Purpose.
Create a cervicothoracic alignment and proportion (CAP) score in patients with operative ACD.

Methods.
Patients with ACD with 2-year data were included. Parameters consisted of relative McGregor’s Slope [RMGS = (MGS × 1.5)/0.9], relative cervical lordosis [RCL = CL – thoracic kyphosis (TK)], Cervical Lordosis Distribution Index (CLDI = C2 – Apex × 100/C2 – T2), relative pelvic version (RPV = sacral slope – pelvic incidence × 0.59 + 9), and a frailty factor (greater than 0.33). Cutoff points were chosen where the cross-tabulation of parameter subgroups reached a maximal rate of meeting the Optimal Outcome. The optimal outcome was defined as meeting Good Clinical Outcome criteria without the occurrence of distal junctional failure (DJF) or reoperation. CAP was scored between 0 and 13 and categorized accordingly: ≤3 (proportioned), 4–6 (moderately disproportioned), >6 (severely disproportioned). Multivariable logistic regression analysis determined the relationship between CAP categories, overall score, and development of distal junctional kyphosis (DJK), DJF, reoperation, and Optimal Outcome by 2 years.

Results.
One hundred five patients with operative ACD were included. Assessment of the 3-month CAP score found a mean of 5.2/13 possible points. 22.7% of patients were proportioned, 49.5% moderately disproportioned, and 27.8% severely disproportioned. DJK occurred in 34.5% and DJF in 8.7%, 20.0% underwent reoperation, and 55.7% achieved Optimal Outcome. Patients severely disproportioned in CAP had higher odds of DJK [OR: 6.0 (2.1–17.7); P=0.001], DJF [OR: 9.7 (1.8–51.8); P=0.008], reoperation [OR: 3.3 (1.9–10.6); P=0.011], and lower odds of meeting the optimal outcome [OR: 0.3 (0.1–0.7); P=0.007] by 2 years, while proportioned patients suffered zero occurrences of DJK or DJF.

Conclusion.
The regional alignment and proportion score is a method of analyzing the cervical spine relative to global alignment and demonstrates the importance of maintaining horizontal gaze, while also matching overall cervical and thoracolumbar alignment to limit complications and maximize clinical improvement.
Risk of liver-related events in metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH) patients with fibrosis: A comparative analysis of various risk stratification criteria
Authors: Pennisi Grazia , Enea Marco , Romero-Gomez Manuel , Bugianesi Elisabetta , Wai-Sun Wong Vincent , Fracanzani Anna Ludovica , de Ledinghen Victor , George Jacob , Berzigotti Annalisa , Viganò Mauro , Sebastiani Giada , Cannella Roberto , Delamarre Adèle , Di Maria Gabriele , Lange Naomi F. , Tulone Adele , Di Marco Vito , Cammà Calogero , Petta Salvatore 
Published: October 2023

Background and Aims:International regulatory agencies recommend testing drug therapy for patients with noncirrhotic high-risk metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH) because they are at risk of liver-related events (LRE). We aimed to compare the risk of LRE in patients with MASLD stratified for F2-F4 fibrosis and MASH.Approach and Results:Overall, 1938 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven MASLD were enrolled. High-risk MASH was defined as MASH with F2-F4 fibrosis. LSM was measured by transient elastography. LRE were recorded during follow-up. Cox multivariate models were used to assess the association between high-risk MASH or F2-F4 fibrosis without MASH, of LSM (≥8 or ≥10 Kpa), and of AGILE 3+ with LRE. The diagnostic performance for the prediction of LRE was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves. The observed 5-year actuarial rate of LRE was 0.4%, 0.2%, 5.1%, and 6.6% in patients with F0-F1 fibrosis without MASH, F0-F1 fibrosis with MASH, F2-F4 fibrosis without MASH, and high-risk MASH, respectively. At multivariate Cox regression analysis using F0-F1 fibrosis without MASH as a reference, both F2-F4 fibrosis without MASH [adjusted HR (aHR) 9.96] and high-risk MASH (aHR 10.14) were associated with LRE. In the 1074 patients with available LSM, LSM ≥ 10 kPa (aHR 6.31) or AGILE 3+ > 0.67 (aHR 27.45) independently predicted the development of LRE and had similarly acceptable 5-year area under the receiver operating characteristic to high-risk MASH and F2-F4 fibrosis (0.772, 0.818, 0.739, and 0.780, respectively).Conclusions:The risk of LRE is similar in patients with high-risk MASH and with F2-F4 fibrosis without MASH. The use of LSM ≥ 10 kPa or AGILE 3+ > 0.67 could be an accurate option to identify patients with MASLD worthy to be included in clinical trials.