bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of postrenal transplantation lymphoproliferative disease manifesting as plasmacytoma with nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from the same kidney donor
Authors: Au W.Y. , Lie A.K.W. , Chan E.C. , Pang A. , Ma S.K. , Choy C. , Kwong Y.L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPosttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) presenting as an Epstein‐Barr‐virus (EBV)–related nasal plasmacytoma developed in a renal‐allograft recipient 13 years after transplantation. Systemic dissemination occurred despite immunosuppression withdrawal, surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy. A nonmyeloablative hematopoietic‐stem‐cell‐transplantation (HSCT) with peripheral blood HSC from the kidney donor was performed. With the onset of graft‐versus‐host disease, resolution of the systemic disease was demonstrated clinically and molecularly by serial quantification of plasma EBV‐DNA. Isolated relapse occurred in the central nervous system (CNS), a known tumour sanctuary site, ultimately leading to death. Nonmyeloablative HSCT might be considered a cellular therapy for PTLD, but possible CNS relapse must be effectively tackled. Am. J. Hematol. 74:283–286, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imatinib mesylate in idiopathic and postpolycythemic myelofibrosis
Authors: Hasselbalch Hans Carl , Bjerrum Ole Weiss , Jensen Bjarne Anker , Clausen Nielsaage Tøffner , Hansen Per Boye , Birgens Henrik , Therkildsen Marianne Hamilton , Ralfkiær Elisabeth 
Published: November 2003

AbstractImatinib mesylate targets the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐binding sites of the protein tyrosine kinase domains associated with Bcr‐abl, the platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) and c‐kit. In idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF) PDGF is considered to be one of the growth factors responsible for the development of bone marrow fibrosis. Recently, it has been shown that imatinib has antifibrogenic effect on bone marrow fibrosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Treatment with imatinib alone in IMF has been associated with significant side effects. In this study, the safety and efficacy of imatinib therapy in IMF, either administered as a single agent or in combination with hydroxyurea (HU) and/or alpha‐interferon (IFN‐α) are evaluated. Eleven patients (median age, 63 years; range, 33–82 years) with IMF (n = 8) or postpolycythemic myelofibrosis (PPMF) (n = 3) were studied All patients had been treated with HU (n = 9) and/or IFN (n = 7) before study entry. In all but one patient, treatment with these agents was discontinued when imatinib therapy was instituted. One patient continued IFN when treatment with imatinib was started. Imatinib was given at a dose of 400 mg/day. Nine patients were in an advanced disease phase. The patients have been followed for a median period of 2 months (range, 0.5–12 months). Treatment with imatinib has been stopped in six patients (55%), because of overt side effects (n = 4), recurrence of transitory dizziness and visual defects owing to a rising platelet count (n = 1), or the occurrence of an acute subdural hemorrhage that was evacuated without neurological deficits (n = 1). In nine patients imatinib treatment was followed by a rise in leukocyte and platelet counts that required combination with HU or IFN. The combined treatment modalities were followed by a rapid decrease in cell counts and were well tolerated apart from IFN side effects. A beneficial effect of imatinib was documented in three patients. It is concluded that leukocytosis and thrombocytosis are seen in most patients with myelofibrosis during treatment with imatinib. Combination therapy with HU or IFN seems safe and well tolerated and followed by a decrease in disease activity. A subgroup of patients in an early disease phase might benefit from imatinib therapy alone. Am. J. Hematol. 74:238–242, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occupational exposures to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and postmenopausal breast cancer
Authors: Labrèche France , Goldberg Mark S. , Valois Marie‐France , Nadon Louise , Richardson Lesley , Lakhani Ramzan , Latreille Benoit 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackgroundThe association between occupational exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF‐MF) and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer was assessed in a case‐control study.MethodsBreast cancer cases were compared to cancer controls. Interviewers elicited information on risk factors and on lifetime work history. Industrial hygienists assigned to each job average duration of exposure to ELF‐MF at four levels of intensities (“none,” <0.2 μT; “low,” 0.2–<0.5μT; “medium,” 0.5–<1μT; “high,” ≥1–10μT). Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsA total number of 608 cases and 667 controls participated. Adjusting for accepted breast cancer risk factors, we found an OR of 1.13 for lifetime occupational exposure to ELF‐MF at medium or high intensities. Risks were larger for exposures before age 35 (OR = 1.40), and statistically significant for exposures before 35 among cases with progesterone receptor positive tumors (OR = 1.56, 95% CI=1.02–2.39).ConclusionsThere appears to be a small increased risk for breast cancer among postmenopausal women exposed occupationally to ELF‐MF. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:643–652, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occupational cancer among women: Where have we been and where are we going?
Authors: Zahm Shelia Hoar , Blair Aaron 
Published: November 2003

AbstractStudies of occupational exposures have been a fruitful area of research for identifying carcinogens. Some of the early observations, such as increased risk of breast cancer among nuns and bone cancer among radium dial workers, were made among women. Recent research on cancer among women has shown increased risks of cancer in many industries and occupations. Estimates that 1% of cancer among women is attributable to occupation are based on research conducted mainly in the 1970s among men in developed countries. These studies do not reflect the dramatic changes in the participation of women in the workplace or the patterns of employment of women in developing countries. The proportion of women in the paid workforce, the amounts and types of unpaid labor, the distribution of women by economy sector, the scale of the workplaces, the allowable exposure levels in the workplace, and implementation of controls have changed over time and vary internationally. Occupational cancer researchers need to expand their focus on women, increase activities in developing countries, include newly created industries, use sophisticated exposure assessment methods, and, where appropriate, incorporate molecular epidemiologic techniques to discover new occupational carcinogens and to identify where better control measures are needed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:565–575, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mortality and cancer morbidity experience of female workers at the British Nuclear Fuels Sellafield plant, 1946–1998
Authors: McGeoghegan D. , Gillies M. , Riddell A.E. , Binks K. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackgroundStudies of nuclear workers have focused mainly on the experience of male workers. To date, little has been published specifically on the experience of female workers in the nuclear industry.MethodsWe report on the mortality, cancer morbidity, and tracing experience of the 6,376 females ever employed at the British Nuclear Fuels Ltd. plant at Sellafield to the end of 1998. These workers have accumulated 142,337 person‐years of experience.ResultsRadiation workers were exposed to low doses of radiation. No statistically significant associations were noted between mortality or cancer morbidity and cumulative assessed organ‐specific internal plutonium dose or cumulative external whole body radiation dose overall, or for any of the individual disease groupings examined. The power of the study was insufficient to detect the risks indicated in other radiation studies.ConclusionThis study offers reassurance that there is no detrimental effect on the health of the female workers from occupational exposures at Sellafield. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:653–663, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Falls in workers during pregnancy: Risk factors, job hazards, and high risk occupations
Authors: Dunning Kari , LeMasters Grace , Levin Linda , Bhattacharya Amit , Alterman Toni , Lordo Kathy 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackgroundAlthough falls are a major source of trauma during pregnancy and 70% of pregnant women are employed, information on falls among pregnant workers is lacking. Study objectives were to estimate fall prevalence and risk factors among pregnant workers.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used birth certificates to identify recently pregnant women. Data were collected via phone, internet, and mail surveys. The primary outcome investigated was a fall at work during pregnancy. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.ResultsOf the 2,847 employed women, 26.6% (757) fell during their pregnancy and 6.3% (179) fell at work. Walking on slippery floors, hurrying, or carrying an object occurred in 66.3% of work falls.ConclusionThe service and teaching industry should be evaluated for risk reduction. Future research should determine if counseling during pregnancy will reduce falls in the workplace. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:664–672, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MAP kinase activation in cells exposed to a 60 Hz electromagnetic field
Authors: Nie K. , Henderson A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis research provides evidence that mitogen‐activated protein kinase or extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) is activated in HL‐60 human leukemia cells, MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells, and rat fibroblast 3Y1 cells exposed to a 60 Hertz (Hz), 1 Gauss (G) electromagnetic field (EMF). The effects of EMF exposure were compared to those observed using 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbal‐13‐acetate (TPA) treatment. The level of MAPK activation in cells exposed to EMF was approximately equivalent to that in cells treated with 0.1–0.5 ng/ml of TPA. A role for protein kinase C (PKC) in the process leading to MAPK activation in EMF exposed cells is also suggested by the results. MAPK activation is negated by an inhibitor to PKCα, but not PKCδ inhibitors, in cells subjected to EMF exposure or TPA treatment. Thus, similarities between the effects of EMF exposure and TPA treatment are supported by this investigation. This provides a possible method for revealing other participants in EMF–cell interaction, since the TPA induction pathway is well documented. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antisteroidogenic actions of hydrogen peroxide on rat leydig cells
Authors: Tsai Shiow‐Chwen , Lu Chien‐Chen , Lin Chiu‐Shuang , Wang Paulus S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIt has been well known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in the steroidogenic pathway and spermatozoa. H2O2, one of ROS produced by spermatozoa, appears to be a primary toxic agent. In the present study, we examined the effects of H2O2 on the basal and evoked‐testosterone release from primary Leydig cells, the protein expressions of cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein were also investigated. Our preparation was found to contain approximately 87% Leydig cells and very few macrophages. The results demonstrated that H2O2 (>1 × 10−4 M) significantly inhibited the basal and hCG‐stimulated testosterone release. H2O2 abolished forskolin‐ or 8‐Br‐cAMP‐evoked testosterone release. In the presence of pregnenolone, progesterone, or androstenedione, the inhibitory effect of H2O2 on testosterone release was prevented. H2O2 also inhibited pregnenolone production in the presence of trilostane (an inhibitor of 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase), therefore diminished the activity of P450scc in Leydig cells. In addition to the inhibition of hormone secretion, H2O2 also regulated steroidogenesis by diminishing protein expression of StAR. These results suggest that H2O2 acts directly on rat Leydig cells to diminish testosterone production by inhibiting P450scc activity and StAR protein expression. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age‐dependent changes in thymic macrophages and dendritic cells
Authors: Varas Alberto , Sacedón Rosa , Hernandez‐López Carmen , Jiménez Eva , García‐Ceca Javier , Arias‐Díaz Javier , Zapata Agustín G. , Vicente Angeles 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAging is characterized by the decline and deregulation of several physiological systems, especially the immune system. The involution of the thymus gland has been identified as one of the key events that precedes the age‐related decline in immune function. Whereas the decrease in thymocyte numbers and in the thymic output during thymus atrophy has been analyzed by various authors, very little information is available about the age‐associated modifications in thymic macrophages and dendritic cells. Here we present evidence that these thymic stromal cell components are only slightly affected by age. Microsc. Res. Tech. 62:501–507, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apoptosis in primary lymphoid organs with aging
Authors: Sainz Rosa M. , Mayo Juan C. , Reiter R.J. , Tan D.X. , Rodriguez C. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAge‐associated changes in the immune system are responsible for an increased likelihood of infection, autoimmune diseases, and cancer in the elderly. Immunosenescence is characterized by reduced levels of the peripheral naive T cell pool derived from thymus and the loss of immature B lineage cells in the bone marrow. Primary lymphoid organs, i.e., bone marrow and thymus, exhibit a loss of cellularity with age, which is especially dramatic in the thymus. A summary of major changes associated with aging in primary lymphoid organs is described in this article. The participation of apoptosis in cell loss in the immune system, a change associated with age, as well as a description of molecular machinery involved, is presented. Finally, the involvement of different hormonal and non‐hormonal agents in counteracting apoptosis in thymus and bone marrow during aging is explained. Here, we underlie the important role of glucocorticoids as immunodepressors and melatonin as an immunostimulatory agent. Microsc. Res. Tech. 62:524–539, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Herpes simplex type 1 shedding is associated with reduced hospital survival in patients receiving assisted ventilation in a tertiary referral intensive care unit
Authors: Ong G.M. , Lowry K. , Mahajan S. , Wyatt D.E. , Simpson C. , O'Neill H.J. , McCaughey C. , Coyle P.V. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe impact of shedding of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) on hospital survival of patients receiving assisted ventilation in an adult tertiary referral, acute trauma intensive care unit was assessed. The study was designed to address a clinical impression linking HSV‐1 recovery with poor survival. Two hundred and forty‐one males and 152 females were enrolled into a longitudinal cohort study. Combined throat swabs and tracheal secretions were tested for HSV‐1 shedding using a nested nucleic acid amplification protocol; patients were ranked as nonshedders, shedders, and high‐level shedders. Nonparametric analysis assessed the impact of shedding on hospital survival and logistic regression measured the confounding influence of sex, age, and the Acute Physiology, Age and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score. Linear‐by‐linear association determined the influence of the level of shedding on hospital survival. The observed mortality rate was 113/393 (28.8%). Patients shedding HSV‐1 106/393 (27%) had a significant reduction in hospital survival 66/106 (62%) in HSV‐1 shedders compared with 217/287 (75.6%) in nonshedders (P = 0.002). This difference remained significant when adjusted for age and sex (P = 0.026). Respective mortality figures for HSV‐1 shedders and nonshedders were 43/106 (40.6%) and 70/287 (24.4%) (P = 0.002). HSV‐1 shedding was associated with a significant reduction in hospital survival amongst patients receiving assisted ventilation. Hospital mortality in HSV‐1 shedders was increased by 16.2% over nonshedders. The role of HSV‐1 in this setting needs to be addressed. J. Med. Virol. 72:121–125, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of human herpesvirus 8 and Epstein–Barr virus seropositivity among children in areas endemic and non‐endemic for Kaposi's sarcoma
Authors: Martro E. , Bulterys M. , Stewart J.A. , Spira T.J. , Cannon M.J. , Thacher T.D. , Bruns R. , Pellett P.E. , Dollard S.C. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractHuman herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) is the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Several studies indicate horizontal HHV‐8 transmission among children in areas where KS is endemic, but few studies have assessed acquisition of HHV‐8 by children in low seroprevalence areas. Antibody screening was carried out for HHV‐8 and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) on 787 serum specimens from children living in two areas where HHV‐8 is not endemic, the United States (US) and Germany, and on 184 specimens from children living in a KS‐endemic area (Nigeria). For children in the US and Germany, the results showed low HHV‐8 seroprevalence rates (3–4%). However, US children aged 6 months to 5 years had higher HHV‐8 antibody titers than did 6–17‐year‐old children (P < 0.01), a finding consistent with more recent infections being detected in the younger children. Compared with seroprevalence rates and antibody titers in US and German children, those in Nigerian children were significantly higher, and seroprevalence increased with age. There was no evidence of cross‐reactivity between assays for HHV‐8 and EBV, despite the genetic similarity of these two herpesviruses. The data indicate that HHV‐8 transmission among children where HHV‐8 is not endemic occurs, but is uncommon. The findings also suggest that HHV‐8 antibodies, as measured by current tests, may not persist for long periods in populations at low risk for KS and that vertical transmission is rare, although longitudinal studies are necessary to address directly these issues. J. Med. Virol. 72:126–131, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of actin filaments in targeting of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus nucleocapsid protein to perinuclear regions of mammalian cells
Authors: Andersson Ida , Simon Melinda , Lundkvist Åke , Nilsson Mikael , Holmström Anna , Elgh Fredrik , Mirazimi Ali 
Published: November 2003

AbstractCrimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever virus is the causative agent of a severe disease throughout Africa, Europe, and Asia. Like other members of the genus Nairovirus, the Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever virus contains three genomic RNA segments, the small (S), medium (M), and large (L) segments. The S segment encodes the viral nucleocapsid protein (NP), while the M and L segments encode the glycoproteins and the RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase, respectively. In this study, the site of expression and assembly of Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever virus NP in mammalian cells have been investigated. It was found that the NP is localized in the perinuclear region of infected cells. By using the Semliki forest virus expression system, it was shown that the Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever virus NP is targeted to the perinuclear region of cells in the absence of native RNA segments and virally encoded glycoproteins. It was also demonstrated that the Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever virus NP was not expressed as a Golgi‐membrane associated protein. By using Cytochalasin D, an agent that disrupts actin filaments, it was found that actin filaments are involved in targeting the viral NP to perinuclear regions. We also demonstrated that disruption of actin filaments reduced the assembly of infectious Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever virus up to 97%. Furthermore, we showed that the NP of Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever virus NP interacts with actin. J. Med. Virol. 72:83–93, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nucleotide variation in the VP7 gene affects PCR genotyping of G9 rotaviruses identified in Italy
Authors: Martella Vito , Terio Valentina , Arista Serenella , Elia Gabriella , Corrente Marialaura , Madio Anna , Pratelli Annamaria , Tempesta Maria , Cirani Antonio , Buonavoglia Canio 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA modified (aFT9m) and a degenerate (aFT9d) version of the rotavirus G9‐specific primer (aFT9) allowed strains that were previously untypable, because of point mutations accumulating at the primer binding site, to be G typed by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. The strains were collected during 2001–2002 in Italy in hospitals of the Apulia region, from children affected by severe rotavirus‐associated enteritis. Using a wide selection of G9 rotaviruses detected worldwide, sequencing of the G9 untypable strains, sequence comparison, and phylogenetic analysis showed that the Italian strains have strong genetic similarity (≤99.4%) to G9 rotaviruses identified recently in many parts of the world and different from the old G9 strains identified during the 1980s (less than 90%). Genetic variation of G9 rotaviruses explains the constraints encountered in the typing assays and presumably accounts, together with genetic reassortment events, for the emergence on a global scale of the G9 serotype. J. Med. Virol. 72:143–148, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis in terms of synoptic‐scale phenomena: a case study from the Midwestern USA
Authors: Schoof J. T. , Pryor S. C. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe evaluate the ability of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)–National Center for Atmosphere Research (NCAR) reanalysis to represent the synoptic‐scale climate of the Midwestern USA relative to radiosonde data. Independent, automated synoptic classifications, based on rotated principal component analysis (PCA) of 500 hPa geopotential heights, 850 hPa air temperatures, and 200 hPa wind speeds and a two‐step clustering algorithm, result in a 15‐type NCEP–NCAR synoptic classification and a 14‐type radiosonde classification. The classifications are examined in terms of similarities and differences in the modes of variance manifest in the PCA solutions, the spatial patterns and variability of input variables within each weather type, and the temporal variability of the occurrence of each weather type. The classifications are then compared in terms of these characteristics and the degree of mutual class occupancy. Although the classifications identify a number of the same weather types (in terms of the input data, PCA solution, and mutual occupancy), the correspondence is imperfect. To assess whether the differences in the classifications are due to errant assignment of data to clusters or to differences in the fundamental modes present in the data sets as represented by the PC loadings and scores, a third targeted classification is undertaken that categorizes the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data according to the radiosonde PCA solution. This classification exhibits a higher degree of similarity to that derived using the radiosonde data (in terms of both interpretability and mutual class occupancy), but the solutions still exhibit considerable differences. It is probable that the discrepancies are partly a function of the differing data structures and densities, but they may also reflect differences in the intensity of synoptic‐scale phenomena as manifest in the data sets. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society