bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Venous thrombosis and thromboembolism: pathophysiological background
Authors: Di Nisio Marcello , Potere Nicola , Buller Harry R. , van Es Nick 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially among the elderly and cancer patients, with an overall incidence of 1–2 per 1000 patient-years. About half of VTEs occur with no identifiable risk factors (unprovoked), while the remainder are associated with major or minor risk factors (transient or persistent). These risk factors can affect one or more components of Virchow’s triad, comprising blood stasis, vessel wall damage, and hypercoagulability. Uncontrolled activation of the immune system was also recently implicated in VTE pathogenesis. Endothelial cell activation by inflammatory stimuli leads to expression of adhesion molecules that facilitate the binding of circulating leucocytes, platelets, erythrocytes, and extracellular vesicles. Subsequent leucocyte activation induces tissue factor expression and generation of neutrophil extracellular traps that trigger and propagate thrombosis. Further understanding of VTE pathophysiology may improve risk stratification and foster the development of therapeutic approaches to VTE complementary to anticoagulation.
Aspirin
Authors: Patrono Carlo , Rocca Bianca 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aspirin represents a first choice for the acute treatment and long-term prevention of atherothrombotic events, with consistent recommendations in cardiovascular guidelines. This is based on a series of features reviewed in this chapter: (1) its relatively simple pharmacokinetics and platelet-specific pharmacodynamics make cumulative suppression of thromboxane production a highly predictable phenomenon in the vast majority of compliant patients; (2) the two- to threefold excess of the currently used dose as compared to the lowest daily dose necessary and sufficient to fully inactivate platelet cyclooxygenase-1 activity may accommodate most but extreme interindividual variations in body weight and platelet number; (3) acetylation of cyclooxygenase isozymes in the bone marrow precursors ensures long-lasting suppression of platelet cyclooxygenase activity throughout the dosing interval, and limits the consequences of occasionally missed drug intake, except in cases of accelerated platelet turnover; and (4) low-dose aspirin has undergone an unusual paradigm of independent drug development, characterized by a large number of phase II dose-finding studies and phase III randomized clinical trials, resulting in a very extensive efficacy and safety database for its use as an antiplatelet drug.
Dipyridamole, cilostazol, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, and protease-activated receptor-1 antagonists
Authors: Ortega-Paz Luis , Angiolillo Dominick J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Excessive platelet activation and aggregation occurring after atherosclerotic plaque rupture or erosion may lead to thrombus formation which clinically manifests as an acute coronary syndrome. Understanding the critical role of platelets in atherothrombotic events promoted the development of drugs that inhibit platelet activation and aggregation. In the early 1900s, aspirin was introduced as the first antiplatelet agent. Moreover, during the last decades of the 1900s, other antiplatelet agents such as dipyridamole and cilostazol were introduced into clinical practice. Subsequent improvements in technology and a better understanding of platelet biology led to the discovery of several platelet receptors modulating platelet activation and aggregation, allowing for selective development of platelet inhibiting drugs. This chapter will review the history, mechanism of action, and clinical evidence of dipyridamole, cilostazol, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, and protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist.
Thrombolytic therapy and ancillary antithrombotic therapies
Authors: Sinnaeve Peter R. , Van de Werf Frans 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fibrinolytic therapy is still necessary to treat ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients in many centres worldwide because of limited access to catheterization facilities. In contemporary practice, fibrinolysis is given as a bolus combined with anticoagulation and antiplatelets, followed by an early catheterization in a strategy termed the ‘pharmacoinvasive approach’. In this strategy, ST-segment resolution is checked at 60–90 minutes after fibrinolysis. Patients without signs of reperfusion are immediately taken to the catheterization laboratory, while stable, successfully reperfused patients receive a ‘scheduled’ catheterization between 2 and 24 hours after thrombolysis. The advantage of this approach is that unnecessary percutaneous coronary intervention procedures can be avoided in the very early phase after lysis when the risk of prothrombotic and bleeding complications is higher. The optimal dose of bolus fibrinolysis in pharmacoinvasive strategies remains unclear and is currently being prospectively studied.
Antithrombotic therapy in patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO), PFO closure, left ventricular mural thrombus, atrial thrombus, and catheter-related thrombosis
Authors: Nielsen-Kudsk Jens Erik , Andersen Asger , Korsholm Kasper , Grove Erik L. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A patent foramen ovale (PFO) can give rise to paradoxical embolism and ischaemic stroke. In patients younger than 60–65 years with PFO-related ischaemic stroke, the risk of recurrent stroke can be reduced by about 60% by transcatheter PFO closure, while continuing antiplatelet therapy. Clinical history, age, presence of risk factors for stroke, ischaemic brain infarct location, and PFO anatomy are key factors when determining the probability of an ischaemic stroke being causally linked to a PFO. Heart–brain team assessment should be integral in the decision-making process for PFO closure. Technical success of transcatheter PFO closure is very high, and the complication rate is low. Dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel) should be given for 1–6 months after PFO closure followed by single antiplatelet therapy for up to 5 years. Oral anticoagulation is recommended over antiplatelets in patients with a PFO-related ischaemic stroke not eligible for transcatheter PFO closure. Thrombus formation on the PFO-closure device is a rare complication after PFO closure. Management of device-related thrombosis is outlined. Left ventricular mural thrombus is a serious complication occurring in the setting of regional or global left ventricular dysfunction. It is most often seen in association with acute myocardial infarction. Addition of oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists to aspirin is the historical treatment; however, newer observational studies suggest direct oral anticoagulants to be a safe and equally effective alternative. Thrombus formation in the right and left atria can occur in association with atrial fibrillation, mitral and tricuspid valve stenosis, inflammatory disorders, coagulopathy, cancer, or congenital heart disease and in the setting of thrombosis on intracardiac catheters or pacing leads. Diagnosis and management of atrial thrombi and catheter-related thrombosis are discussed.
Venous thromboembolism: prophylaxis and treatment
Authors: Er Chaozer , Ageno Walter , Cohen Alexander T. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most frequent cardiovascular disease following myocardial infarction and stroke. Many VTE cases can be attributed to recent hospital admissions and are therefore preventable. As not all hospitalized patients have high VTE risk, performing VTE risk assessment using validated risk assessment models to identify patients who would benefit from thromboprophylaxis is advised. Other than the conventional agents, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants can also be used in some settings. High-risk pulmonary embolism is generally treated with systemic thrombolysis while low-risk pulmonary embolism can be treated in the outpatient setting. Patients with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism should be treated as inpatients for the first few days. Deep vein thrombosis is mostly treated with anticoagulation. Catheter-directed therapy can be considered in highly selected VTE cases. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants are the preferred agents, but special considerations should be given in patients who have advanced liver disease or kidney disease, antiphospholipid syndrome, or had bariatric surgery.
Prevention and treatment of venous and arterial thrombosis in patients with specific conditions: diabetes, renal insufficiency, thrombophilia, and pregnancy
Authors: Agewall Stefan , Roldán Vanessa , Marín Francisco 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There are special populations that require specific preventive and therapeutic measures, either because of increased thrombotic risk, like diabetes mellitus or thrombophilia, or because they need an adaptation of the treatment to their characteristics, such as renal impairment or pregnancy. The dosing of some antithrombotic drugs is highly dependent on renal function so dosages should be adjusted. Several antithrombotics are contraindicated in pregnancy. The relationships between antithrombotic therapy and these clinical conditions are developed in this chapter.
Self-Disturbances, Perceptual Anomalies, and Physicality
Authors: Mishara Aaron , López-Silva Pablo , Rosen Cherise , Heinz Andreas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Thought insertion (TI) is regarded as one of the most complex and severe symptoms of psychosis. Current approaches to TI often make the focus of their analysis specific terms such as the sense of ownership and the sense of agency. This chapter suggests that such models are insufficient in explaining TI’s complexity as they neglect the multimodal view of psychotic experience first introduced by the Early Heidelberg School. On this view, TI involves a disruption to the inner connectedness of thoughts and experiences by a ‘becoming sensory’ of these thoughts experienced as inserted. This includes how thinking is anticipated moment-to-moment as continuous. The application of phenomenological analysis to the experience of TI reveals a ‘physicality’ of the body as an object for the individual; his/her own ‘thoughts’ are experienced as material objects (devoid of inner subjectivity) but preserved in these catastrophic conditions in a ‘paralysis of the I’. After clarifying some of the main elements of our proposal, we explore the way in which predictive coding and Bayesian inference may provide a framework able to link the neurobiology of psychosis with its clinical phenomenology.
SDSS J1619 with blueshifted broad components in H α and in [O iii] having similar line width and velocity shifts: a recoiling SMBH candidate?
Authors: Zhang Xue-Guang 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
In this letter, we report a potential candidate of recoiling supermassive black hole (rSMBH) in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) J1619 based on similar velocity shifts and line widths of the blueshifted broad components in H α and [O iii] doublet. The measured line width ratio between blueshifted broad H α and broad [O iii] line is 1.06, if compared with common values around 5.12 for normal Type-1 active galactic nuclei, indicating different properties of the blueshifted broad components in SDSS J1619 from those of normal Quasi Stellar Objects (QSOs). The virial BH mass MBHr derived from the broad H α is consistent with the mass expected from the MBH–σ relation. The similar velocity shifts and line widths of the blueshifted broad components in H α and [O iii] and the virial BH mass derived from the H α broad line emissions that is consistent with the mass expected from the MBH–σ relation, can be explained by an rSMBH scenario. Besides the rSMBH scenario, either the similar line widths of the blueshifted broad components in H α and in [O iii] or the consistency between the virial BH mass and the mass expected from the MBH–σ relation cannot be explained by the other proposed models in SDSS J1619.
Thermodynamics of higher-dimensional Brans–Dicke black holes in the presence of a conformal-invariant field inspired by power-Maxwell electrodynamics
Authors: Dehghani M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
By use of the conformal transformations, in addition to translating the Brans–Dicke (BD) action to the Einstein frame (EF), we introduce an electromagnetic Lagrangian which preserves conformal invariance. We solve the EF field equations, which mathematically are confronted with the problem of indeterminacy, by use of an exponential ansatz function. When the self-interacting potential is absent or is taken constant in the BD action, the exact solution of this theory is just that of Einstein-conformal-invariant theory with a trivial scalar field. This is a higher-dimensional (HD) analogue of the same considered in Ref. [R.-G. Cai, Y. S. Myung, Phys. Rev. D 56, 3466 (1997)]. The EF general solution admits two classes of black holes (BHs) with non-flat and non-AdS asymptotic behavior which can produce extreme and multi-horizon ones. We obtain the exact solutions of BD-conformal-invariant theory, by applying inverse conformal transformations, which show two classes of extreme and multi-horizon BHs too. Based on the fact that thermodynamic quantities remain unchanged under conformal transformations, we show that the first law of BH thermodynamics is valid in the Jordan frame. We analyze the thermal stability of the HD BD-conformal-invariant BHs by use of the canonical ensemble method.
A closer look at the Yukawa interaction from a symmetry group perspective
Authors: Lopes Luiz L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I investigate the use of the SU(3) Clebsch–Gordan coefficients in light of the relations of completeness and closure. I show that in the case of αV = F/(F + D) ≠ 1, there is an additional interaction: the exchange of a ρ meson between a Λ and a Σ0 hyperon that only affects the symmetric coupling. I then calculate these additional coupling constants and show that this recovers the completeness and closure of the SU(3) Clebsch–Gordan coefficients for all values of αV. Besides, it increases the symmetry of the theory, now we can group the baryon octet into four doublets. Finally, I add the new coupling constants to study numerical results in the hyperon onset in dense nuclear matter assuming αV as a free parameter.
Contingent Thinking and the Sure-Thing Principle: Revisiting Classic Anomalies in the Laboratory
Authors: Esponda Ignacio , Vespa Emanuel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We present an experimental framework to study the extent to which failures of contingent thinking explain classic anomalies in a broad class of environments, including overbidding in auctions and the Ellsberg paradox. We study environments in which the subject’s choices affect payoffs only in some states but not in others. We find that anomalies are in large part driven by incongruences between choices in the standard presentation of each problem and a “contingent” presentation, which focuses the subject on the set of states where her actions matter. Additional evidence suggests that this phenomenon is in large part driven by people’s failure to put themselves in states that have not yet happened even though they are made aware that their actions only matter in those states.
Tardigrade diversity and community composition across Norwegian boreal forests
Authors: Guidetti Roberto , Ingemar Jönsson K , Kaczmarek Łukasz , Meier Terje , Speed James D M , Prestø Tommy , Stur Elisabeth , Topstad Lasse , Cesari Michele , Roszkowska Milena , Zawierucha Krzysztof , Hassel Kristian , Ekrem Torbjørn 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Tardigrades are common in many terrestrial environments and habitats. Although little is known on their ecological preferences, previous studies found diversity and community composition significantly affected by various variables. This study associated tardigrade species’ records with climatic variables, forest type, and substrate categories exploring tardigrade diversity and species communities to find associations with ecological characteristics of Norwegian forests.
A total of 17 473 specimens were identified, encompassing 131 species (including putatively new species) from 305 samples of different substrates (leaf litter, bryophytes, and lichens). Bryophytes and lichens of samples were classified according to the main species, and growth form, and associated with tardigrade species and sample metadata. Tardigrade species’ richness was related to climatic variables and forest type, increased with precipitation, decreased with summer temperature, and not varied with precipitation seasonality. Although there was an unbalanced representation of substrate categories in the different forest types, some tendencies were detectable. Mixed oak and birch forests reached the highest species’ richness. Tardigrade community composition varied between substrate categories and, to a lesser degree, between forest types, but not with climatic variables. Our study highlights the importance of large-scale variables on tardigrade diversity, and substrate categories for tardigrade community composition.
An overview of myofascial pain syndrome with a focus on trigger point injection
Authors: Bodine Nicole 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a very common condition, with an estimated lifetime prevalence of 85% in the general population. MPS is commonly underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed due to the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria and the symptoms' overlap with those of other musculoskeletal pain conditions. The most notable and bothersome feature of MPS is the presence of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs), hypersensitive areas of muscle commonly characterized as knots, nodules, or bumps that cause strain and pain with and oftentimes without stimulation. A low-risk, low-cost procedure, trigger point injection (TPI) is the gold standard for MPS treatment, and NPs can perform the procedure in an outpatient practice setting. Through administration of TPIs and use of other treatment modalities, primary care NPs can significantly impact the quality of life for those patients affected by acute and chronic MPS. This article aims to educate primary care NPs on MPS diagnosis and provide an overview of treatment options, with a focus on TPI use and administration for MPS relief.
Secular trends of asthma mortality in China and the United States from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Li Xiaochen , Guo Mingzhou , Niu Yang , Xie Min , Liu Xiansheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
Asthma imposes a large healthcare burden in China and the United States (US). However, the trends of asthma mortality and the relative risk factors have not been comparatively analyzed between the countries. The aim of this study was to compare the mortality and risk factors between China and the US.

Methods:
The deaths, and mortality rates of asthma in China and the US during 1990–2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The age–period–cohort model was used to estimate these mortality rates based on a log-linear scale with additive age, period, and cohort effects. The population attributable fractions of risk factors for asthma were estimated.

Results:
In 1990–2019, the asthma mortality rate was higher in China than in the US. The crude and age-standardized asthma mortality rates trended downward in both China and the US from 1990 to 2019. The decline in mortality was more obvious in China. Mortality gap between the two countries was narrowing. A sex difference in asthma mortality was observed with higher mortality in males in China and females in the US. The age effects showed that mortality increased with age in adults older than 20 years, particularly in the elderly. Downward trends were generally observed in the period and cohort rate ratios in both countries, with China experiencing a more obvious decrease. Smoking and high body mass index (BMI) were the leading risk factors for asthma mortality in China and the US, respectively. Mortality attributable to occupational asthmagens and smoking decreased the most in China and the US, respectively.

Conclusions:
In 1990–2019, the asthma mortality rate was higher in China than in the US; however, the mortality gap has narrowed. Mortality increased with age in adults. The improvements in asthma death risk with period and birth cohort were more obvious in China than in the US. Smoking, high BMI, and aging are major health problems associated with asthma control. The role of occupational asthmagens in asthma mortality underscores the importance of management and prevention of occupational asthma.
RP11-789C1.1 inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation and accelerates apoptosis via the ATR/CHK1 signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Wenwei , Feng Wei , Zhang Yongxin , Lei Tianxiang , Wang Xiaofeng , Qiao Tang , Chen Zehong , Song Wu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground:Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) plays an important role in the progression of gastric cancer (GC). Their involvement ranges from genetic regulation to cancer progression. However, the mechanistic roles of RP11-789C1.1 in GC are not fully understood.Methods:We identified the expression of lncRNA RP11-789C1.1 in GC tissues and cell lines by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A series of functional experiments revealed the effect of RP11-789C1.1 on the proliferation of GC cells.In vivoexperiments verified the effect of RP11-789C1.1 on the biological behavior of a GC cell line. RNA pull-down unveiled RP11-789C1.1 interacting proteins. Western blot analysis indicated the downstream pathway changes of RP11-789C1.1, and an oxaliplatin dosing experiment disclosed the influence of RP11-789C1.1 on the drug sensitivity of oxaliplatin.Results:Our results demonstrated that RP11-789C1.1 inhibited the proliferation of GC cells and promoted the apoptosis of GC cells. Mechanistically, RP11-789C1.1 inhibited checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) phosphorylation by binding ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related (ATR), a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, promoted GC apoptosis, and mediated oxaliplatin sensitivity.Conclusion:In general, we discovered a tumor suppressor molecule RP11-789C1.1 and confirmed its mechanism of action, providing a theoretical basis for targeted GC therapy.