bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A General Strategy for Enhancing Sensitivity and Suppressing Noise in Infrared Organic Photodetectors Using Non‐Conjugated Polymer Additives
Authors: Bills Tyler , Liu Chih‐Ting , Lim Jasmine , Eedugurala Naresh , Mahalingavelar Paramasivam , Seo Bogyeom , Hanna Ethan T. , Ng Tse Nga , Azoulay Jason D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhotodetectors operating across the near‐ to short‐wave infrared (NIR–SWIR, λ = 0.9–1.8 µm) underpin modern science, technology, and society. Organic photodiodes (OPDs) based on bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) active layers overcome critical manufacturing and operating drawbacks inherent to crystalline inorganic semiconductors, offering the potential for low‐cost, uncooled, mechanically compliant, and ubiquitous infrared technologies. A constraining feature of these narrow bandgap materials systems is the high noise current under an applied bias, resulting in specific detectivities (D*, the figure of merit for detector sensitivity) that are too low for practical utilization. Here, this study demonstrates that incorporating wide‐bandgap insulating polymers within the BHJ suppresses noise by diluting the transport and trapping sites as determined using capacitance‐frequency analysis. The resulting D* of NIR–SWIR OPDs operating from 600–1400 nm under an applied bias of −2 V is improved by two orders of magnitude, from 108 to 1010 Jones (cm Hz1/2 W−1), when incorporating polysulfone within the blends. This broadly applicable strategy can reduce noise in IR‐OPDs enabling their practical operation and the realization of emerging technologies.
Inflammation‐Responsive Cell Membrane‐Camouflaged Nanoparticles against Liver Fibrosis via Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Bai Yang , Chen Jiaqi , Zhang Sitong , Xu Guangyu , Mao Zhengwei , Ding Yuan , Wang Weilin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLiver fibrosis represents a reversible stage of various chronic liver diseases that progresses to cirrhosis. This condition is characterized by an imbalance between tissue damage and repair, and the production of fibers in the liver exceeds their degradation. Oxidative stress (OS) resulting from tissue injury and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) triggered by the overproduction of proteins are pivotal factors in liver fibrosis. Melatonin demonstrates the capability to neutralize free radicals, shielding cells from oxidative harm. It is also a specific inhibitor of the ERS receptor transcription activating factor 6 (ATF6), indicating its great potential in ameliorating liver fibrosis. However, its limited water solubility and oral bioavailability of under 15% present hurdles in achieving therapeutic blood concentrations for treating liver fibrosis. The PLGA@Melatonin is constructed by loading melatonin with poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA). Platelet membranes (PM) and activated hepatic stellate cell membranes (HSCM) with high expression of the platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) are extracted to successfully construct PM@PLGA@Melatonin and HSCM@PLGA@Melatonin, which are subsequently utilized to treat mice with liver fibrosis. The results illustrated the remarkable therapeutic effects of the two nanoparticles on liver fibrosis, along with their excellent targeting and biosafety properties.
Efficient Ion Percolating Network for High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Cathodes
Authors: Cheng Guangzeng , Sun Hao , Wang Haoran , Ju Zhengyu , Zhu Yue , Tian Weiqian , Chen Jingwei , Wang Huanlei , Wu Jingyi , Yu Guihua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) face critical challenges of low cathode loading and poor rate performances, which handicaps their energy/power densities. The widely‐accepted aim of high ionic conductivity and low interfacial resistance seems insufficient to overcome these challenges. Here, it is revealed that an efficient ion percolating network in the cathode exerts a more critical influence on the electrochemical performance of ASSLBs. By constructing vertical alignment of Li0.35La0.55TiO3 nanowires (LLTO NWs) in solid‐state cathode through magnetic manipulation, the ionic conductivity of the cathode increases twice compared with the cathode consisted of randomly distributed LLTO NWs. The all‐solid‐state LiFePO4/Li cells using poly(ethylene oxide) as the electrolyte is able to deliver high capacities of 151 mAh g−1 (2 C) and 100 mAh g−1 (5 C) at 60 °C, and a room‐temperature capacity of 108 mAh g−1 can be achieved at a charging rate of 2 C. Furthermore, the cell can reach a high areal capacity of 3 mAh cm−2 even with a practical LFP loading of 20 mg cm−2. The universality of this strategy is also presented showing the demonstration in LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes. This work offers new pathways for designing ASSLBs with improved energy/power densities.
A 2D Cryptographic Hash Function Incorporating Homomorphic Encryption for Secure Digital Signatures
Authors: Wali Akshay , Ravichandran Harikrishnan , Das Saptarshi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUser authentication is a critical aspect of any information exchange system which verifies the identities of individuals seeking access to sensitive information. Conventionally, this approachrelies on establishing robust digital signature protocols which employ asymmetric encryption techniques involving a key pair consisting of a public key and its matching private key. In this article, a user verification platform constructed using integrated circuits (ICs) with atomically thin two‐dimensional (2D) monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) memtransistors is presented. First, generation of secure cryptographic keys is demonstrated by exploiting the inherent stochasticity of carrier trapping and detrapping at the 2D/oxide interface trap sites. Subsequently, the ability to manipulate the functionality of logical NOR is leveraged to create a secure one‐way hash function which when homomorphically operated upon with NAND, XOR, OR, NOT, and AND logic circuits generate distinct digital signatures. These signatures when subsequently decrypted, verify the authenticity of the receiver while ensuring complete preservation of data integrity and confidentiality as the underlying information is never revealed. Finally, the advantages of implementing a NOR‐based hashing techniques in comparison to the conventional XOR‐based encryption method are established. This demonstration highlights the potential of 2D‐based ICs in developing critical hardware information security primitives.
Simple‐Structured Acceptor with Highly Interconnected Electron‐Transport Pathway Enables High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Gu Xiaobin , Zeng Rui , He Tengfei , Zhou Guanqing , Li Congqi , Yu Na , Han Fei , Hou Yuqi , Lv Jikai , Zhang Ming , Zhang Jianqi , Wei Zhixiang , Tang Zheng , Zhu Haiming , Cai Yunhao , Long Guankui , Liu Feng , Zhang Xin , Huang Hui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAchieving desirable charge‐transport highway is of vital importance for high‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, it is shown how molecular packing arrangements can be regulated via tuning the alkyl‐chain topology, thus resulting in a 3D network stacking and highly interconnected pathway for electron transport in a simple‐structured nonfused‐ring electron acceptor (NFREA) with branched alkyl side‐chains. As a result, a record‐breaking power conversion efficiency of 17.38% (certificated 16.59%) is achieved for NFREA‐based devices, thus providing an opportunity for constructing low‐cost and high‐efficiency OSCs.
Pursuing Superhydrophobic Flexible Strain Sensors: From Design to Applications
Authors: Yao Wanchen , Lin Xiangde , Zhang Zeshan , Sun Qijun , Yang Hui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFlexible strain sensors are being increasingly applied as wearable electronic materials owing to their functional characteristics (e.g., light weight, stretchability, wearability), which highlight their enormous potential in health monitoring and medical care. However, challenges related to signal distortion and corrosion risks arise when they are used under extreme or harsh conditions. Superhydrophobic flexible strain sensors combine the water‐repellent, anticorrosion, and anti‐fouling features of the superhydrophobic coating with the high ductility and high sensitivity of the flexible strain sensor, thereby broadening the application scope of strain sensors, especially for underwater wearable sensing. However, the underwater sensing applications of superhydrophobic flexible strain sensors have not yet been thoroughly summarized. This review presents the key performance parameters and design strategies of superhydrophobic flexible strain sensors, with an emphasis on the diverse applications for underwater sensing.
Polymers for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries: From Fundamental to Applications Across Core Components
Authors: Niu Ben , Wang Jia , Guo Yalan , Li Zhengang , Yuan Chengyao , Ju Anqi , Wang Xin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) comprising zinc anodes hold intrinsic safety and high energy density ideally for distributed and large‐scale energy storage, thus have generated intriguing properties and increasing research interests. Unlike organic batteries, AZIBs require different, sometimes even opposite design principles and preparation strategies in solvent, electrolyte, and separator. This is especially true for the polymer materials that are widely used as critical components in stabilizing metal anodes and functioning as high‐performance safe cathode materials. This review discusses the explicit compositional and structural requisite of polymeric components in AZIBs, with an emphasis on the exclusive molecular structure–property relationship that governs the stability, reversibility, and capacity of these devices. The usage of polymers is classified into five categories aligning with the primary architecture of AZIBs: separators, additives, hydrogel electrolytes, coatings, and electrode materials. The most recent advances in the structure/property interplay of polymers by novel synthesis and preparation techniques targeting stable AZIBs are summarized and discussed. The challenges and perspectives of multifunctional polymers in developing high‐performance AZIBs are also proposed.
RhCuBi Trimetallenes with Composition Segregation Coupled Crystalline‐Amorphous Heterostructure Toward Ethanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Li Fu‐Min , Xia Chenfeng , Fang Wensheng , Chen Yu , Xia Bao Yu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe inefficiency of Pt and Pd benchmark catalysts in achieving complete ethanol oxidation, coupled with their inherent susceptibility to poisoning, poses a significant obstacle to the advancement of direct ethanol fuel cells. In this study, the development of self‐supported and ultrathin RhCuBi trimetallenes, demonstrating exceptional performance in ethanol electrooxidation through segregation and interface engineering is presented. The distinctive RhBi‐rich crystalline/RhCu‐rich amorphous heterostructure of RhCuBi trimetallenes creates a wealth of highly active interfacial sites for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). This results in an impressive 43.3% Faradaic efficiency for the C1 pathway and a peak mass activity of 1.11 A mgRh−1 at 0.68 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Moreover, RhCuBi trimetallenes retain 60% of their initial mass activity after 8.5 h of constant potential electrolysis, outperforming commercial Pd and Pt catalysts (<3%). In/ex situ infrared spectroscopy directly reveals the generated C1 products and the key CH3CO* intermediates for EOR on RhCuBi trimetallenes. Theoretical calculations confirm that the RhBi alloy, particularly the lattice‐stretched crystalline/amorphous interfacial sites, facilitates the adsorption/activation of ethanol and the dehydrogenation of CH3CO* toward the C1 pathway of EOR. This breakthrough offers promising prospects for enhancing the efficiency and stability of ethanol electrooxidation in fuel cell applications.
Rapid facial mimicry in Platyrrhini: Play face replication in spider monkeys (Ateles fusciceps, Ateles hybridus, and Ateles paniscus)
Authors: Cordoni Giada , Ciantia Annalisa , Guéry Jean‐Pascal , Mulot Baptiste , Norscia Ivan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRapid facial mimicry (RFM), the rapid and automatic replication of facial expression perceived, is considered a basic form of empathy and was investigated mainly during play. RFM occurs in Catarrhini (Old World primates), but it is not still demonstrated in Platyrrhini (New World primates). For this reason, we collected video data on playful interactions (Nplay_interactions = 149) in three species of spider monkeys (Ateles fusciceps—N = 11, Ateles hybridus—N = 14, and Ateles paniscus—N = 6) housed at La Vallée des Singes and the ZooParc de Beauval (France). For the first time, we demonstrated the occurrence of RFM in Platyrrhini (analyzing 175 events). Players' sex, age, species, relationship quality, and kinship did not modulate RFM probably due to the species' complex fission–fusion dynamics and flexible interindividual social relationships. Compared to the absence of any playful expressions or the presence of only not replicated play face, RFM prolonged the session duration and was sequentially associated with more types of more intense offensive playful patterns (patterns aimed at attacking/pursuing the playmate). We proposed that RFM may favor synchronization and context sharing between players, thus decreasing the risk of behavior misinterpretation while simultaneously fostering a more competitive nature of play. In conclusion, this study stimulates additional research on the evolutionary origins of motor mimicry in primates, possibly dating back to before the divergence of New and Old World monkeys. Furthermore, it also points toward the possibility that RFM may not always lead to cooperation but also to competition, depending on the context and species' social and cognitive features.
Three‐dimensional histology reveals dissociable human hippocampal long‐axis gradients of Alzheimer's pathology
Authors: Ortega‐Cruz Diana , Bress Kimberly S. , Gazula Harshvardhan , Rabano Alberto , Iglesias Juan Eugenio , Strange Bryan A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThree‐dimensional (3D) histology analyses are essential to overcome sampling variability and understand pathological differences beyond the dissection axis. We present Path2MR, the first pipeline allowing 3D reconstruction of sparse human histology without a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reference. We implemented Path2MR with post‐mortem hippocampal sections to explore pathology gradients in Alzheimer's disease.METHODSBlockface photographs of brain hemisphere slices are used for 3D reconstruction, from which an MRI‐like image is generated using machine learning. Histology sections are aligned to the reconstructed hemisphere and subsequently to an atlas in standard space.RESULTSPath2MR successfully registered histological sections to their anatomic position along the hippocampal longitudinal axis. Combined with histopathology quantification, we found an expected peak of tau pathology at the anterior end of the hippocampus, whereas amyloid‐beta (Aβ) displayed a quadratic anterior‐posterior distribution.CONCLUSIONPath2MR, which enables 3D histology using any brain bank data set, revealed significant differences along the hippocampus between tau and Aβ.Highlights
Path2MR enables three‐dimensional (3D) brain reconstruction from blockface dissection photographs.
This pipeline does not require dense specimen sampling or a subject‐specific magnetic resonance (MR) image.
Anatomically consistent mapping of hippocampal sections was obtained with Path2MR.
Our analyses revealed an anterior‐posterior gradient of hippocampal tau pathology.
In contrast, the peak of amyloid‐beta (Aβ) deposition was closer to the hippocampal body.
Neural stem cell–derived exosomes regulate cell proliferation, migration, and cell death of brain microvascular endothelial cells via the miR‐9/Hes1 axis under hypoxia
Authors: Deng Xiaojun , Hu Xiaoyi , Wang Shang , Zhao Hui , Wei Yaqin , Fu Jiaqi , Wu Wenhui , Liu Jinming , Zhang Caicai , Wang Lili , Yuan Ping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundOur previous study found that mouse embryonic neural stem cell (NSC)–derived exosomes (EXOs) regulated NSC differentiation via the miR‐9/Hes1 axis. However, the effects of EXOs on brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC) dysfunction via the miR‐9/Hes1 axis remain unknown. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the effects of EXOs on BMEC proliferation, migration, and death via the miR‐9/Hes1 axis.MethodsImmunofluorescence, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, cell counting kit‐8 assay, wound healing assay, calcein‐acetoxymethyl/propidium iodide staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to determine the role and mechanism of EXOs on BMECs.ResultsEXOs promoted BMEC proliferation and migration and reduced cell death under hypoxic conditions. The overexpression of miR‐9 promoted BMEC proliferation and migration and reduced cell death under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, miR‐9 downregulation inhibited BMEC proliferation and migration and also promoted cell death. Hes1 silencing ameliorated the effect of amtagomiR‐9 on BMEC proliferation and migration and cell death. Hyperemic structures were observed in the regions of the hippocampus and cortex in hypoxia‐induced mice. Meanwhile, EXO treatment improved cerebrovascular alterations.ConclusionNSC‐derived EXOs can promote BMEC proliferation and migration and reduce cell death via the miR‐9/Hes1 axis under hypoxic conditions. Therefore, EXO therapeutic strategies could be considered for hypoxia‐induced vascular injury.
Transpassive Metallauflösung vs. Sauerstoffentwicklung: Auswirkungen auf Legierungsstabilität und Elektrokatalyse
Authors: Wetzel Annica , Morell Daniel , von der Au Marcus , Wittstock Gunther , Ozcan Ozlem , Witt Julia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMulti‐Hauptelement‐Legierungen (MPEAs) gewinnen in der Korrosions‐ und Elektrokatalyseforschung aufgrund ihrer elektrochemischen Stabilität über einen breiten pH‐Bereich und der Vielfalt der möglichen chemischen Zusammensetzungen zunehmend an Interesse. In unseren Untersuchungen mit der äquimolaren CrCoNi‐Legierung in einem sauren Elektrolyten (0.1 M NaCl, pH 2) beobachteten wir eine signifikante Metallauflösung, die mit der Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktion (OER) im transpassiven Bereich einhergeht, obwohl in zyklischen Polarisationskurven keine Hysterese auftrat oder andere offensichtliche Korrosionsindikatoren vorlagen. In diesem Artikel wird ein Charakterisierungskonzept eingeführt, dass die Beiträge der OER und der Legierungsauflösung differenziert. Hierfür kommt die elektrochemische Rastermikroskopie (SECM) zum Nachweis des Beginns der OER und die quantitative chemische Analyse mit induktiv gekoppelter Massenspektrometrie (ICP‐MS) und UV/Vis‐Spektrometrie zur Aufklärung der Metallauflösungsprozesse zum Einsatz. Die elektrochemische In situ‐Atomkraftmikroskopie (EC‐AFM) zeigte, dass die intergranulare Korrosion der dominierende Mechanismus der transpassive Metallauflösung von CrCoNi ist. Diese Ergebnisse besitzen erhebliche Auswirkungen für die Beurteilung der Stabilität von MPEAs in Korrosionssystemen und der Stromausbeute von OER‐Katalysatoren auf der Basis von MPEAs. Die Daten unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit der analytischen Bestimmung von Metallionen, die von MPEA‐Elektroden freigesetzt werden. Die Freisetzung von Übergangsmetallionen verringert nicht nur die Stromausbeute von Elektrolyseuren, sondern kann zu einer Schädigung von Membranen in elektrochemischen Reaktoren führen.
Scalable Synthesis of Robust MOF for Challenging Ethylene Purification and Propylene Recovery with Record Productivity
Authors: Wang Gang‐Ding , Li Yong‐Zhi , Krishna Rajamani , Zhang Wen‐Yan , Hou Lei , Wang Yao‐Yu , Zhu Zhonghua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEthylene (C2H4) purification and propylene (C3H6) recovery are highly relevant in polymer synthesis, yet developing physisorbents for these industrial separation faces the challenges of merging easy scalability, economic feasibility, high moisture stability with great separation efficiency. Herein, we reported a robust and scalable MOF (MAC‐4) for simultaneous recovery of C3H6 and C2H4. Through creating nonpolar pores decorated by accessible N/O sites, MAC‐4 displays top‐tier uptakes and selectivities for C2H6 and C3H6 over C2H4 at ambient conditions. Molecular modelling combined with infrared spectroscopy revealed that C2H6 and C3H6 molecules were trapped in the framework with stronger contacts relative to C2H4. Breakthrough experiments demonstrated exceptional separation performance for binary C2H6/C2H4 and C3H6/C2H4 as well as ternary C3H6/C2H6/C2H4 mixtures, simultaneously affording record productivities of 27.4 and 36.2 L kg−1 for high‐purity C2H4 (≥99.9 %) and C3H6 (≥99.5 %). MAC‐4 was facilely prepared at deckgram‐scale under reflux condition within 3 hours, making it as a smart MOF to address challenging gas separations.
A Multilayered Post–Genome‐Wide Association Study Analysis Pipeline Defines Functional Variants and Target Genes for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Fazel‐Najafabadi Mehdi , Looger Loren L. , Rallabandi Harikrishna Reddy , Nath Swapan K. 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease with incompletely understood etiology, has a strong genetic component. Although genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed multiple SLE susceptibility loci and associated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the precise causal variants, target genes, cell types, tissues, and mechanisms of action remain largely unknown.MethodsHere, we report a comprehensive post‐GWAS analysis using extensive bioinformatics, molecular modeling, and integrative functional genomic and epigenomic analyses to optimize fine‐mapping. We compile and cross‐reference immune cell–specific expression quantitative trait loci (cis– and trans–expression quantitative trait loci) with promoter capture high‐throughput capture chromatin conformation (PCHi‐C), allele‐specific chromatin accessibility, and massively parallel reporter assay data to define predisposing variants and target genes. We experimentally validate a predicted locus using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot.ResultsAnchoring on 452 index SNPs, we selected 9,931 high linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.8) SNPs and defined 182 independent non‐human leukocyte antigen (HLA) SLE loci. The 3,746 SNPs from 143 loci were identified as regulating 564 unique genes. Target genes are enriched in lupus‐related tissues and associated with other autoimmune diseases. Of these, 329 SNPs (106 loci) showed significant allele‐specific chromatin accessibility and/or enhancer activity, indicating regulatory potential. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we validated reference SNP identifier 57668933 (rs57668933) as a functional variant regulating multiple targets, including SLE‐risk gene ELF1 in B cells.ConclusionWe demonstrate and validate post‐GWAS strategies for using multidimensional data to prioritize likely causal variants with cognate gene targets underlying SLE pathogenesis. Our results provide a catalog of significantly SLE‐associated SNPs and loci, target genes, and likely biochemical mechanisms to guide experimental characterization.