bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coxsackie B virus serology and Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of published case‐control studies
Authors: Green J. , Casabonne D. , Newton R. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackground  Enteroviruses, in particular Coxsackie B4, have been implicated in the aetiology of Type 1 diabetes mellitus, but the epidemiological evidence has not been systematically evaluated.Methods  Systematic review of evidence from published controlled studies of the relationship between Coxsackie B virus serology and incident or prevalent Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Studies were identified through a Medline search (1966 to 2002), supplemented by references from identified papers and hand search of relevant journals. All studies (full papers, abstracts or letters) with data adequate for calculation of unadjusted odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) for Type 1 diabetes mellitus in relation to Coxsackie B virus serology were included.Results  The review included 26 case‐control studies; no cohort study met the inclusion criteria. Odds ratios for Type 1 diabetes mellitus in serology‐positive vs. serology‐negative subjects ranged from 0.2 to 22.3. For Coxsackie B (any serotype) 7/13 studies had point estimates significantly greater than 1.0 (P < 0.05). For Coxsackie B3, Coxsackie B4 and Coxsackie B5‐specific assays, 1/11, 6/17 and 1/11 studies, respectively, had point estimates significantly greater than 1.0. Summary odds ratios were not calculated because of doubts about the validity of individual study estimates, heterogeneity between studies, and the possibility of publication bias.Conclusions  The results of these studies are inconsistent and do not provide convincing evidence for or against an association between Coxsackie B virus infection and Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Better designed studies using effective assays are needed to resolve this important issue.
Patients and nurses determine variation in adherence to guidelines at Dutch hospitals more than internists or settings
Authors: Dijkstra R. F. , Braspenning J. C. C. , Huijsmans Z. , Peters S. , Van Ballegooie E. , Ten Have P. , Casparie A. F. , Grol R. P. T. M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAims  To measure adherence to recently developed diabetes guidelines at Dutch hospital outpatient clinics and distinguish determinants for variations in care on hospital, internist and patient levels.Methods  Thirteen general hospitals with 58 internists recruited 1950 diabetic patients. Data were extracted from medical files (n = 1915) and from patient questionnaires (n = 1465). Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to explain differences in adherence rates to the guidelines.Results  Adherence to process measures was high, except for the examination of feet, calculation of the body mass index and patient education activities (the mean of 12 process measures was 64%). Adherence to intermediate outcome indicators was moderate. The mean percentage of patients with HbA1c < 7.0% was 23%. Adherence variation on a hospital level was very small (0.6–7.9%), on an internist level moderate (0.4–18.8%) and on a patient level high (74.4–98.8%). Adherence to all process measures and most of the intermediate outcome indicators was highest in the patients seen by a diabetes specialist nurse.Discussion  More focus on patient involvement in diabetic care and the contribution of diabetes specialist nurses may be important factors in improving the quality of diabetes care.
Decreased stiffness at the ankle joint in patients with long‐term Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Nielsen J. F. , Andersen H. , Sinkjær T. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAims  To evaluate contractile and reflex properties of the soleus muscle together with ankle joint stiffness in long‐term Type 1 patients.Methods  Stretch reflex and muscle function of the soleus muscle was tested in 15 Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients and 15 controls. M‐wave amplitude and maximal twitch torque was elicited by supramaximal stimulation of the tibial nerve. The stretch reflex was elicited by a 4° rotation of the ankle.Results  Rise time and fall time of the maximal twitch torque were increased compared with controls. The amplitude of the short latency stretch reflex was significantly reduced in patients at contraction levels of 5–30 Nm. At a contraction level of 5 Nm the median stretch reflex threshold was 10°/s in patients and 6°/s in controls (P = 0.03). Stiffness was decreased in diabetic patients, especially at lower contraction levels. There was no significant correlation between the clinical neuropathy score and stiffness. In contrast, high neuropathy score was correlated with low amplitude of the reflex amplitude (ρ = −0.51, P = 0.05).Conclusions  We demonstrate altered contractile properties, a decrease in stretch reflex of the soleus muscle, and a reduced stiffness at the ankle joint in patients with long‐term Type 1 diabetes. These changes may cause delayed muscle contraction and impaired reflex modulation which could contribute to gait disturbances and increased number of falls in diabetic patients.
Effects of diabetes on plasma nitrotyrosine levels
Authors: Wang X. L. , Rainwater D. L. , Leone A. , Mahaney M. C. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackground  Oxidative stress plays a major role in disease processes such as atherosclerosis and diabetes. Peroxynitrite is a reaction product of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide and a potent oxidant. The peroxynitrite‐mediated tyrosine nitration, which forms nitrotyrosine (NT), is associated with several pathological conditions.Methods  We measured plasma NT levels using the HPLC method in 40 Mexican Americans with diabetes, but not taking medications, and 40 age‐ and sex‐matched euglycaemic controls.Results  Plasma‐free NT levels were not different between subjects with diabetes (11.0 ± 1.7 nmol/l, n = 40) and with non‐diabetes (10.4 ± 1.5 nmol/l, n = 40). There was also no association with levels of fasting glucose (r = −0.049, P = 0.663) or 2‐h glucose (r = −0.099, P = 0.390). However, females had significantly lower free NT level (7.6 ± 1.4 nmol/l, n = 40) than males (13.8 ± 1.7 nmol/l, n = 40, P = 0.005), which were not affected by age, smoking status, BMI and glucose levels.Conclusions  In contrast to some earlier reports, our study shows that diabetes has no effect on plasma NT levels in Mexican Americans. We have also demonstrated lower free NT levels in females than males, which may partly explain the lower risk profile to vascular disease in women.
Strong association of C‐reactive protein with body mass index and 2‐h post‐challenge glucose in non‐diabetic, non‐smoker subjects without hypertension
Authors: Hashimoto K. , Kasayama S. , Yamamoto H. , Kurebayashi S. , Kawase I. , Koga M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAims  Increases in C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels have been shown to be associated with cardiovascular diseases as well as asymptomatic atherosclerosis and to be closely related to traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and biochemical characteristics associated with CRP in non‐diabetic, non‐smoker subjects without hypertension.Methods  A 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test was performed on 305 Japanese subjects aged 40–70 years who were undergoing health examinations. We recruited non‐diabetic, non‐smoker subjects without hypertension. Subjects with known cardiovascular diseases, chronic or acute inflammation, malignant diseases, or autoimmune disorders were excluded. Plasma high‐sensitivity CRP was measured in 125 subjects who satisfied the admission criteria.Results  Plasma CRP levels were significantly higher in the 28 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) than that in the 97 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (median 0.53, range 0.18–1.10 mg/l vs. median 0.32, range 0.17–0.49 mg/l; P = 0.032). There was a positive correlation of CRP with body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, uric acid, fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 1‐h glucose, OGTT 2‐h glucose, and a negative correlation with HDL cholesterol. Multivariate regression analysis identified BMI (F = 8.57, P = 0.004) and OGTT 2‐h glucose (F = 5.96, P = 0.016) as independent predictors for CRP.Conclusions  BMI and OGTT 2‐h glucose are the most important predictors for plasma CRP in non‐diabetic, non‐smoker subjects without hypertension.
COMPUTING 2 NORM OF TRANSFER FUNCTIONAL SPACE OF THE CALCIUM ION GATING CHANNEL SYSTEM BY THE H2 CONTROL PRINCIPLE
Authors: HIROHUMI HIRAYAMA 
Published: May 2004

We propose the H 2 control principle to evaluate the calcium ion channel gating function by allosteric modeling. Calcium ion channel was described by four sub-units — four voltage sensitive S4 molecules allosteric modeling. The allosteric properties were characterized by cooperative positional changes of voltage sensitive S4 molecule in each of the sub-unit and concerted conformational changes of all the sub-units. We applied the H 2 control strategy for minimizing the influence of noise on the output of the channel system. The allosteric cooperative behavior of four S4 molecules and concerted channel opening were expressed by allosteric parameter fn where n indicates number of activated voltage sensor in one channel molecule. The channel states were associated to ten which are composed of each five for closed and open states characterized by one to four of active positioned voltage sensor molecules S4. The temporal changes in amount of channel species were described by ten differential equations. By applying the H 2 control principle, a set of differential equations that minimize the influence of noise on the output were obtained in combination with related Riccati equations for the system state and system observers. The potency of minimizing the control input for state transitions was measured by the weighting coefficients timed by that control input. The influence of noise on the system was measured by computing 2 norm of the transfer function from noise to output under H 2 principle. Increases in weighting coefficients of control input for the cooperative activation process of open channel states and concerted opening process reduced the magnitude of 2 norm of the transfer function from noise to output of the system. The 2 norm decreased as allosteric parameter f decreased when one voltage sensor was activated while the 2 norm decreased as f increased when four voltage sensors here activated. The influence of changes in f was contrasted between closed states and open states. The present work will be available for measuring the influence of noise on the ion channel.
Physical fitness in persons with hemiparetic stroke: its structure and longitudinal changes during an inpatient rehabilitation programme
Authors: Tsuji Tetsuya , Liu Meigen , Hase Kimitaka , Masakado Yoshihisa , Takahashi Hidetoshi , Hara Yukihiro , Chino Naoichi 
Published: May 2004

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the structure of fitness in patients with hemiparetic stroke can be categorized into impairment/disability, cardiopulmonary, muscular and metabolic domains, and to study longitudinal changes in their fitness during an inpatient rehabilitation programme. Design: Structure analysis of multiple fitness parameters with principlal component analysis (PCA), and a before and after trial. Setting: Tertiary rehabilitation centre in Japan. Patients: One hundred and seven consecutive inpatients with hemiparetic stroke. Intervention: A conventional stroke rehabilitation programme consisting of 80 minutes of physical therapy and occupational therapy sessions five days a week, and daily rehabilitation nursing for a median duration of 105.5 days. Main outcome measures: Principal component scores extracted from measurement of paresis/daily living (the Stroke Impairment Assessment Set (SIAS) and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM)); muscular (grip strength (GS), knee extensor torque, and cross-sectional areas of thigh muscles); metabolic (body mass index (BMI) and fat accumulation on CT); cardiopulmonary (heart rate oxygen coefficient (HR-O2-Coeff) obtained with a graded bridging activity and a 12-minute propulsion distance). Results: PCA categorized the original 15 variables into four factors corresponding to paresis/activities of daily living, muscular, metabolic and cardiopulmonary domains, and explained 78.1% of the total variance at admission and 69.6% at discharge. Except the metabolic domain, PCA scores for the other three domains improved significantly at discharge (paired t-test, p B=0.05). Conclusion: The hypothetical structure of fitness was confirmed, and the PCA scores were useful in following longitudinal changes of fitness during inpatient rehabilitation.
Characteristics of psychosexual functioning in adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: Cho Sung-Rae , Park Eun Sook , Park Chang Il , Na Sang-il 
Published: May 2004

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of psychosexual functioning in adults with cerebral palsy, as compared with able-bodied control subjects, matched by gender and marital status, and to identify the factors affecting psychosexual functioning. Design: Interview and survey using the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory (DSFI). Setting: Inpatient and outpatient units in a rehabilitation hospital and welfare facilities. Subjects: Sixty-two adults with cerebral palsy and 142 age-matched able-bodied controls participated in this study. The participants were grouped into four subgroups according to gender and marital status. Main measures: General characteristics of the subjects, 10 domain scores of the DSFI and Sexual Functioning Index (SFI) as a global score were assessed. The scores for each cerebral palsy group according to gender and marital status were compared with those of their corresponding able-bodied control group. Results: Unmarried men with cerebral palsy demonstrated lower SFI and weakness in sexual information, experience, drive, attitude, psychological symptoms, affect and satisfaction, compared with unmarried able-bodied men (p B=0.05). In contrast to unmarried men, unmarried women did not reveal any significant differences in all but body image domain score (p B=0.05) between the groups. Married adults with cerebral palsy showed higher levels of psychological distress in both men and women and lower sexual satisfaction in women (p B=0.05). Nonambulatory people with cerebral palsy had significantly a lower sexual information, experience and satisfaction, and a lower SFI than ambulatory (p B=0.05). Barthel Index was significantly related to body image (p B=0.05). Psychosexual functioning was not significantly different according to cerebral palsy type. Conclusion: This study revealed the characteristics on psychosexual functioning in adults with cerebral palsy, depending on gender and marital status. The results suggested that nonambulatory unmarried men with cerebral palsy were at high risk in terms of psychosexual dysfunction.
Comparison of effects of exercise programme, pulsed ultrasound and transverse friction in the treatment of chronic patellar tendinopathy
Authors: Stasinopoulos Dimitrios , Stasinopoulos Ioannis 
Published: May 2004

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of an exercise programme, pulsed ultrasound and transverse friction in the treatment of chronic patellar tendinopathy. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Centre. Subjects: This study was carried out with 30 patients who had chronic patellar tendinopathy. They were randomized into three groups. Interventions: Group A (n = 10) was treated with exercise programme. Pulsed ultrasound was given to group B (n = 10). Group C (n = 10) received transverse friction. All patients received three treatments per week for four weeks. Outcomes: Patients' pain was evaluated at the end of the four-week course of treatment (week 4), one month (week 8) and three months (week 16) after the end of treatment. Results: The exercise programme was statistically significantly better than the other two treatments at the end of treatment (x2 = 12.21, p < 0.01), one month (x2 = 23.2, p < 0.001) and three months (x2 = 23.2, p < 0.001) after the end of the treatment. Conclusion: Although the results suggested that the exercise programme was more effective treatment than ultrasound and transverse friction at the end of the treatment as well as at the follow-ups, future controlled studies are needed to establish the relative and absolute effectiveness of each of the three treatment interventions.
Editorial
Authors: Jordan Barry 
Published: May 2004

"In a house there is the top floor and there is the cellar. The underground film-makers live in the same house as Hollywood, but they work in the cellar. It’s up to them if they like to live in the dark. The Hollywood filmmakers are more intelligent, because they have that
sunny top floor." (Jean-Luc Godard)
Godard’s house might not be an altogether convincing spatial metaphor for the current condition of world film-making, but recent reports are filled with gloomy predictions of the commercial difficulties of non-Hollywood Second and Third Cinemas.
Is it the case that commercial film theatres are showing an ever-narrowing range of films, reinforcing the narrowness of audience tastes?
Cooling of Melts: Kinetic Stabilization and Polymorphic Transitions in the KInSnSe4 System.
Authors: Hwang Seong‐Ju , Iyer Ratnasabapathy G. , Trikalitis Pantelis N. , Ogden Andrew G. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Properties of Two New Lamellar Polymers: [NH4H3Cu2Mo2O10] and [KHFe2Mo2O10].
Authors: Wu Chuan‐De , Lu Chan‐Zhong , Lin Xiang , Lu Shao‐Fang , Zhuang Hong‐Hui , Huang Jin‐Shun 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Cyclopropanes via Iodine—Magnesium Exchange Between 3‐Iodomethyl‐1‐oxacyclopentanes and Organomagnesium Reagents.
Authors: Tsuji Takashi , Nakamura Tomoaki , Yorimitsu Hideki , Shinokubo Hiroshi , Oshima Koichiro 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Steroids and Related Compounds. Part 7. 3‐Substituted and 2,3‐Disubstituted Cyclopentanones via an Asymmetric Tandem 1,4‐Addition/Dieckmann Cyclization.
Authors: Groth Ulrich , Halfbrodt Wolfgang , Kalogerakis Aris , Koehler Thomas , Kreye Paul 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Binding Affinity of Novel (R)‐ and (S)‐3‐Aminomethyl‐1‐tetralones, Potential Atypical Antipsychotics.
Authors: Caro Yolanda , Torrado Maria , Masaguer Christian F. , Ravina Enrique , Padin Fernando , Brea Jose , Loza Maria I. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Magnesiation Employing Grignard Reagents and Catalytic Amine. Application to the Functionalization of N‐Phenylsulfonylpyrrole.
Authors: Dinsmore Andrew , Billing David G. , Mandy Karen , Michael Joseph P. , Mogano Daniel , Patil Shivaputra 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tetrahydropyranylation of Alcohols, Thiols, Phenols and Primary Amines Catalyzed by Magnesium Halide.
Authors: Goud P. Mallikarjun , Goud P. Satish , Reddy K. Ramasubba , Ashok D. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Long Chain Pyridinium Salts with a 4‐Phenyl Group as Amphiphiles for Potential Nonviral Gene Delivery.
Authors: Bogatian Mariana Viorica , Deleanu Calin , Udrea Silvia , Chiraleu Filip , Plaveti Marieta , Danila Mariana Gabriela , Bogatian Gheorghe , Balaban Teodor Silviu 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Multistep Microwave‐Assisted Solvent‐Free Organic Reactions: Synthesis of 4‐Oxo‐tetrahydro‐pyridine.
Authors: Panunzio Mauro , Lentini Maria Antonietta , Campana Eileen , Martelli Giorgio , Tamanini Emiliano , Vicennati Paola 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Remarkable Rate Acceleration of the One‐Pot Three‐Component Cyclocondensation Reaction at Room Temperature: An Expedient Synthesis of Mitotic Kinesin Eg5 Inhibitor Monastrol.
Authors: Bose D. Subhas , Kumar Racherla Kishore , Fatima Liyakat 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐Aryl and 2‐Heteroaryl Pyrrolo[2,3‐b]quinoxalines via Copper‐Catalyzed Reaction of 1‐Alkynes with 2‐Bromo‐3‐trifluoroacetamidoquinoxaline.
Authors: Cacchi Sandro , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Parisi Luca M. , Bernini Roberta 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Strategy of Tandem Transetherification—Intramolecular Hetero Diels—Alder Reaction with (E,Z)‐Mixture of Ethyl 2‐Nitro‐3‐ethoxyacrylate and δ,ε‐Unsaturated Alcohols Leading to Functionalized trans‐Fused Bicyclic Nitronates.
Authors: Wada Eiji , Yoshinaga Masahiko 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Arborcandins A, B, C, D, E and F, Novel 1,3‐β‐Glucan Synthase Inhibitors: Physico‐Chemical Properties and Structure Elucidation.
Authors: Ohyama Takao , Iwadate‐Kurihara Yuko , Ishikawa Tomio , Miyakoshi Shunichi , Hamano Kiyoshi , Inukai Masatoshi 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Total Synthesis of Novel 6‐Substituted Lavendamycin Antitumor Agents.
Authors: Seradj Hassan , Cai Wen , Erasga Noe O. , Chenault Darrell V. , Knuckles Kathryn A. , Ragains Justin R. , Behforouz Mohammad 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibition of Dihydroxy‐Cohibin A, Non‐THF Annonaceous Acetogenin Analogue.
Authors: Konno Hiroyuki , Hiura Naoki , Makabe Hidefumi , Abe Masato , Miyoshi Hideto 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Melanocins A, B and C, New Melanin Synthesis Inhibitors Produced by Eupenicillium shearii. Part 1. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation and Biological Properties.
Authors: Kim Jong‐Pyung , Kim Byoung‐Kwon , Yun Bong‐Sik , Ryoo In‐Ja , Lee Choong Hwan , Lee In‐Kyoung , Kim Won‐Gon , Lee Sangku , Pyun Yu‐Ryang , Yoo Ick‐Dong 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.