bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JPMorgan Chase’s “London Whale” Trading Losses
Authors: Warenski Lisa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Good epistemic practices are essential to the well-functioning of organizations. Epistemic practices are adopted norms, policies, procedures, and general methodologies that further our epistemic aims or realize our epistemic values. This chapter argues for the importance of organizational good epistemic practices through an analysis of the failures of risk management implicated in JPMorgan’s notorious “London Whale” trading losses, which roiled the financial markets in 2012. A number of these failures of risk management exemplified ways in which we, as fallible reasoners, may be prone to error individually and collectively. Good epistemic practices inter alia anticipate and endeavor to correct for erroneous patterns of reasoning. Good epistemic practices help guard against future epistemic failings, and they support good reasoning within and on the part of organizations. In so doing, they constitute some of the key structural elements of organizational epistemic virtues.
Climate Change and Reflexive Law
Authors: de Bruin Boudewijn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the instruments suggested by the key policy document driving sustainable finance in the European Union, the Action Plan on Financing Sustainable Growth. It uses a reflexive law approach coupled with insights from epistemology. The chapter first discusses the Action Plan and the concept of reflexive law (which focuses on such epistemic instruments as disclosure, reporting, and labeling). It discusses a number of challenges the plan faces (about, e.g. investor ignorance, long-termism, scenario analysis, accounting standards). It then introduces an alternative to reflexive law (called “epistemic law”), and argues that disclosure, reporting, and labeling improve by taking into account insights from epistemology and social science concerning the form and content of information. The chapter’s recommendation is, in a slogan, to provide different information, and to provide information differently.
On the Wrongfulness of Bank Contributions to Financial Crises
Authors: Endörfer Richard 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the virtue ethical, consequentialist, and contractualist perspectives on bank contributions to financial crises. It begins from the observation that a central wrong-making feature of bank contributions is simply that they constitute causal contributions to a collective harm. Both the virtue ethical and the consequentialist perspective can capture this wrong-making feature, but each perspective comes with significant drawbacks. The virtue ethical perspective is likely to consider too few bank contributions as wrong, while the consequentialist perspective considers bank contributions permissible insofar as the costs imposed on to victims of financial crises are offset via benefits that accrue to some other party. By avoiding the issues of both the virtue ethical and the consequentialist perspective, the contractualist perspective is able to capture the central wrong-making feature of bank contributions in a much more satisfying manner than its rivals.
Money in the Social Contract
Authors: James Aaron 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Philosophers tend to assume that money has only an instrumental relation to state legitimacy. This discussion explains how money raises state legitimacy issues of its own. Assuming a credit–debt theory of money, the state can be seen as an active participant in a credit economy of its own making. Insofar as a state issues or recognizes a money as a means of ruling people’s lives, it is subject to promissory requirements of redemption. This has significant implications for its legitimate and equitable management of a modern economy, the centerpiece of a social compact.
Translating musical meaning
Authors: Rink John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Like the surrounding chapters, chapter 5 primarily focuses on aspects of historical performance, but here in relation to the conception and projection of musical meaning. It further develops the notion of musical narrative introduced in chapter 3 by addressing a range of critical issues to do with notation, gesture and the manipulation of time in performance, all of which have a bearing on how music’s semantic content is conceived and communicated. The focal point is a work by Liszt (‘Vallée d’Obermann’, from volume 1 of the Années de Pèlerinage). The chapter’s historical discussions are coupled with analytical exegesis to demonstrate how a ‘musical narration’ of the case-study piece might be conveyed at different hierarchical levels, including an intensity curve at the highest such level, based on the author’s performance of the work. The overall narrative is described in terms of a grande ligne, a concept employed throughout the book.
Authentic Chopin
Authors: Rink John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Like chapter 5, the sixth chapter conjoins historical and analytical enquiry in promoting a particular kind of authenticity as a goal in performing music. In this respect, Chopin serves as a model, given that he ‘could remain true to his own artistic principles yet achieve a supremely musical result’. Three of his works (Scherzo in C♯ minor Op. 39, Prelude in D major Op. 28 No. 5, Concerto Op. 21) are studied in turn to show how a performer’s ‘second sight’ – or internalised, embodied understanding – of music can be obtained through the process of refraction highlighted in chapter 1. Topics addressed along the way include expressive form, rhythmic shape and musical language. One conclusion is that the exercise of intuition in performance can be rooted in historical knowledge among other things, which is to say that performance might be informed and intuitive at the very same time.
From analysis to ‘performer’s analysis’
Authors: Rink John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 is the first of four focusing on analysis and performance. Its aim is to chart a course from analysis to ‘performer’s analysis’, which is described as an integral part of the performer’s work rather than an independent procedure applied to the act of interpretation. Concepts such as ‘shape’ and ‘informed intuition’ encountered earlier are developed more fully, along with further definition of the complementary types of analysis that can be undertaken with regard to performance. After articulating five principles relevant to ‘performer’s analysis’, the chapter describes diverse analytical techniques of potential utility in resolving the conceptual if not technical problems that often arise when preparing music for performance. Demonstration of these score-based methods follows in a broadly conceived case study on a work by Chopin (Nocturne in C♯ minor Op. 27 No. 1). This culminates in a reminder of the need for synthesis rather than analytically driven decision-making.
The (f)utility of performance analysis
Authors: Rink John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A more sceptical view of performance analysis as widely practised is initially posited in this chapter before its potential utility is proclaimed. Four principles informing this chapter and indeed the book as a whole are articulated, based on the notion that musical structure essentially amounts to inferred relationships between music’s constituent parameters. In other words, music does not ‘have’ structure; rather, its materials afford the inference of structural relationships. This means that musical structure should be understood as constructed and pluralistic on the one hand and as a process on the other, especially in relation to performance. These principles are exemplified in a case study on Chopin’s Prelude in B minor Op. 28 No. 6. Enacted at the keyboard, it offers a provocative alternative to more conventional approaches, encouraging the ongoing development of a discipline of music analysis not only informed by practice but fundamentally conditioned by it.
Signal Processing
Authors: Fieldsteel Eli 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Signal processing is a cornerstone of electronic music projects, capable of adding a sense of space, depth, cohesion, and other types of musical enrichment through the use of effects. This chapter introduces signal processing effects from both technical and creative perspectives, with the goal of clarifying essential techniques for incorporating signal processing algorithms into musical projects. The chapter begins with an overview of signal flow in a digital audio context, relating it to inserts, auxiliary sends, and other common-practice ideas found throughout analog hardware and DAW software, and compares these ideas to SuperCollider's signal routing tools, particularly busses, groups, order of execution, addActions, and input/output UGens. The chapter introduces the process of accessing, monitoring, and processing live microphone signals, and transitions into techniques for crafting a variety of signal processors, including echoes, flanger and chorus effects, comb filters, harmonizers and pitch-shifters, reverberators, and real-time granulators.
Graphical User Interfaces
Authors: Fieldsteel Eli 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Despite being a code-centric platform, SuperCollider includes a rich collection of cross-platform tools for designing graphical user interfaces (GUIs), which can be used to enhance and clarify the workflow of a program, emulate an existing piece of hardware or software, or conceal aspects of a program meant to remain hidden from the user. This chapter conveys the essential classes and techniques relevant to GUI design and aims to enhance fluency with GUI-based workflow. The chapter begins with techniques for creating graphical windows and placing types of views on the window's canvas, such as sliders, buttons, and knobs. GUI layout tools are also discussed, which help avoid problems related to space allocation and dynamic resizing, circumventing situations that devolve into “pixel-hunting.” Additional topics include getting/setting view attributes, color expression, values and actions, range-mapping with the ControlSpec class, keyboard/mouse interaction, and controlling GUIs with MIDI/OSC data. The chapter concludes with an introduction to the Pen class, which enables the creation of custom graphics and simple animations.
Live Coding
Authors: Fieldsteel Eli 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The focus of this final chapter is on live coding, an improvisatory practice that emerged in the 2000s, which involves writing the source code for a performance in real-time, as the performance is happening. In contrast to the previous two chapters, which discuss large-scale compositional strategies that involve a significant amount of planning and preparation, live coding represents a fundamentally different way of thinking about music-making; it demands increased technical virtuosity and in-the-moment decision-making. SuperCollider provides numerous classes that optimize the live coding workflow, notably a collection of proxy objects that exist within the framework of the Just-In-Time Library (JITLib). Proxies serve as placeholders for objects that may be partly or completely undefined when created, but which nonetheless allow the user to interact with these objects as if they were fully formed. Proxies allow musical decisions to be deferred to the future, preventing the user from having to determine all performance details in advance. After introducing the general concept of proxies, this chapter examines the NodeProxy and TaskProxy classes in greater detail, and lastly looks at the History class as a means of capturing, studying, and replaying a live coding performance.
Describing . . . The Pedestrian: The Bicycle Thieves (Vittorio De Sica, 1948)
Authors: Corrigan Timothy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
An analysis of the market sequence in Piazza Vittorio in which the protagonists search for the stolen bike, a sequence that concentrates the two senses of the word pedestrian: as a description of the impoverished world of postwar Rome and as a crisis of walking without mobility through this labyrinthine city.
Describing . . . Ghosts: Pyaasa (Guru Dutt, 1957)
Authors: Corrigan Timothy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
An analysis of the elevator sequence in Pyassa, in which Vijay meets his lost love and then flashback to their past romance. The description turns around the notion of ghosts as a presumed physically dead body but also ghosts as a societal way to make invisible the poor and the poetic.
Describing . . . Gaming: The Bourne Ultimatum (Paul Greengrass, 2007)
Authors: Corrigan Timothy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This essay focuses on the Waterloo Station sequence in a film in which Bourne attempts to meet with a British journalist who is aware of his identity. The sequence is filmed in the style of a video game that moves rapidly between different screens as the CIA attempts to locate and assassinate both players.
Overview of eating disorders
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a broad overview of eating disorders, including the different eating disorder diagnoses, basic information about diagnostic criteria for various eating disorders, and many transdiagnostic features that are commonly observed across many different eating disorder diagnoses. Each eating disorder diagnosis listed in this chapter includes several hallmark features of the diagnosis, including key cognitive and behavioral aspects of the condition. Anxiety, fear, and avoidance around eating behavior is conceptualized as one of the central transdiagnostic features across nearly all eating disorders. Common behavioral patterns across many eating disorder diagnoses are reviewed, and the reader is guided in completing a brief self-assessment.
Overview of exposure therapy
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Exposure therapy is a key intervention to incorporate into treatment of an eating disorder. In this chapter, readers are given a high-level overview of exposure therapy in order to understand the fundamental underpinnings of this treatment approach. Descriptions of different types of exposure therapy are provided, including in vivo, imaginal, interoceptive, and virtual reality exposure. The chapter also helps readers appreciate how the key principles of exposure therapy are inherent in how many individuals naturally overcome fears by confronting rather than avoiding feared scenarios and stimuli. Readers are given an example of a relatively common fear and are asked to devise a plan/strategy for how this fear could be overcome.
Why would exposure therapy be helpful for me?
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
An important part of the exposure therapy process is developing a strong understanding of the rationale for using this treatment intervention to address an eating disorder. This chapter provides readers with a comprehensive description of the rationale for using exposure therapy in the treatment of eating disorders. The chapter highlights the significant parallels that exist between eating disorders and anxiety disorders and helps readers understand that because confronting fears and preventing safety behaviors is a highly effective approach to overcoming anxiety disorders, it can also be employed to good effect with eating disorders. Readers are guided in beginning to self-monitor their unique fears and safety behaviors using a fear diary.
How much benefit can I expect from exposure therapy?
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Although the body of literature supporting the effectiveness of exposure therapy for eating disorders is not as large as the literature supporting the use of exposure therapy for anxiety and related disorders, there is nonetheless an impressive collection of research studies that attest to the positive effects exposure therapy has on reducing and eliminating symptoms of eating disorders. This chapter provides readers with a concise overview of the research that has been conducted on the effectiveness of exposure therapy for eating disorders. The chapter summarizes this research in the following domains: food- and eating-related exposure for reducing eating fears and avoidance, body-focused exposure to address body and weight-related anxiety and avoidance, and cue exposure to address recurrent binge-eating.
Using “functional assessment” to understand your eating disorder symptoms
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Functional assessment is a strongly recommended step in the process of getting a course of exposure therapy off to a good start. This chapter provides readers with a description of what functional assessment entails, a rationale for why it should be completed to help set up a course of treatment most effectively, and guidance in completing a personalized functional assessment of one’s eating disorder symptoms. Readers are introduced to the three key domains that are functionally assessed, including (a) the cues that evoke fear for them, (b) the feared consequences they anticipate will occur upon exposure to feared cues, and (c) the safety behaviors and/or avoidance strategies they use to reduce their fear and ostensibly prevent feared consequences from occurring. The chapter concludes with guidance for readers to complete a personalized functional assessment that uniquely captures their specific eating disorder symptoms.
Developing your treatment plan
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The creation of an exposure hierarchy is an important component of the treatment approach that outlines the steps a patient will take to confront and overcome their fears over the course of therapy. This chapter explains the rationale for and benefits of creating an exposure hierarchy to guide the treatment. Additionally, the chapter includes step-by-step instructions for how the reader can develop their own exposure hierarchy or hierarchies to address their unique eating disorder–related fear(s). Specific guidance is given in designing exposure tasks that will allow the reader to experience a violation of their fear expectancies. Finally, the chapter provides a detailed example of what a completed exposure hierarchy may look like for an individual who experiences many common features of an eating disorder.
Food exposure for eating-related fears
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Individuals with eating disorders experience substantial fear of food and eating, which often leads to significant problems with avoidance of eating in a way that meets the body’s energy needs. This chapter helps readers learn how they can use exposure to address food-related fears. The chapter also explains the different types of food-related fears so that readers can identify exactly what they fear; this is critical to optimally design food-related exposure. Readers are provided with a list of “dos and don’ts” that are specific to food exposure. Lastly, the chapter provides specific advice for monitoring food exposure along with a tailored monitoring form.
Emotion-focused and interpersonal-focused exposure
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Many aspects of an individual’s life can influence eating behavior, including their emotional experiences as well as their social interactions with others. This chapter helps readers explore the ways in which emotions and interactions with other people can trigger problematic eating behaviors. After helping readers identify their own emotional and interpersonal triggers, the chapter then shows readers how they can use exposure to better address emotional and interpersonal triggers. In many cases, individuals who suffer from eating disorders have a difficult time identifying triggers to their eating disorder behaviors. This chapter provides guidance in identifying emotional experiences that accompany urges to engage in eating disorder behaviors.
Learning to not react to familiar triggers for binge-eating (cue exposure)
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Many individuals who binge-eat will find that they still struggle with binge-eating even after addressing their fears of eating with food exposure. This chapter teaches readers about “cue exposure,” which can be used to address residual triggers that have, over time, become associated with binge-eating. The chapter includes education on cue learning so that readers can understand how they developed binge triggers and why these triggers lead to powerful urges to binge-eat. Readers are then walked through the process of creating their own cue exposure treatment plan. To facilitate this, readers are provided with a binge cue monitoring form, advice on how to set up a cue exposure hierarchy, and guidance on choosing a starting exposure task and how to complete cue exposure.
Body-focused exposure for body image anxiety and avoidance
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Avoidance of the body is associated with negative body image and eating problems more widely. Two forms of exposure therapy address such avoidance—graded exposure and mirror/screen exposure. Body-focused exposure is highly effective, with positive effects on body image, eating concerns, anxiety, and depression. Assessment, formulation, and ways of stopping body-related safety behaviors are detailed, along with advice about how to maximize the effect of body-focused exposure. Tools are provided to assist in identifying and challenging the anxiety that underpins body avoidance. Given the unique importance of mirror exposure, a self-monitoring is provided for the reader that is specific to monitoring their experience with mirror exposure.
A summary of key things to remember about exposure therapy
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Exposure therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of eating disorders, and this book has shown how you can use its principles and practices to address a wide range of symptoms. It has explained the mechanisms whereby exposure therapy can bring about change, and how to maximize your chances of benefiting by throwing yourself into such change. This requires facing your fears to overcome them and needs planning and persistence, as well as the support of others where available. Readers are encouraged to turn this learning into real-life change, dropping your safety behaviors and facing your fears to beat your eating disorder.
What We Owe to Future People
Authors: Finneron-Burns Elizabeth 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The aim of the book is twofold: (1) to develop a comprehensive, contractualist theory of intergenerational ethics, and (2) to argue that contractualism’s ability to be that comprehensive theory of intergenerational ethics contributes to its plausibility as a moral theory in general. The book’s core claim is that contractualism provides us with a comprehensive theory of intergenerational ethics that justifies including future people in the scope of what we owe to each other and tells us how much we owe them. It begins by arguing that contractualism is not susceptible to the non-identity problem and so we must consider what future people could reasonably reject. It then argues that contractualism endorses ‘reason-balanced sufficientarianism’ and develops a series of moral principles guiding our behaviour towards future generations in terms of resource distribution, procreative decisions, optimal population size, and risk imposition. It concludes by applying these general principles to concrete, real-world individual and policy decisions and considering how the principles can and do interact with each other.