bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial thermogenesis in cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyue , Hu Yi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Organisms, following the laws of thermodynamics, require a constant supply of energy to maintain their daily activities. Catabolism, a controlled degradation process, not only releases Gibbs free energy and regenerates ATP but also dissipates excess energy as heat. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms governing heat production within cells remain elusive, and intracellular temperature remains a topic of inquiry. Numerous efforts have been made to develop thermosensors such as quantum dot-based nanoparticles, gold nanoclusters, and thermoresponsive probes, significantly advancing our ability to study intracellular temperature. Mitochondria, significant energy providers in the form of ATP, are strongly implicated in thermogenesis. In addition to energy production, mitochondria are pivotal in various signaling pathways, including calcium homeostasis, cellular redox state, and apoptosis. Simultaneously, they are central to various pathogenic processes, including cancer development. This dual role underscores the potential involvement of mitochondria in thermogenesis across cancer cells. Understanding this intersection is critical, as unraveling the mechanisms of mitochondrial thermogenesis in cancer cells may pave the way for innovative, targeted cancer therapies.
HEATR5B associates with dynein‐dynactin and promotes motility of AP1‐bound endosomal membranes
Authors: Madan Vanesa , Albacete‐Albacete Lucas , Jin Li , Scaturro Pietro , Watson Joseph L , Muschalik Nadine , Begum Farida , Boulanger Jérôme , Bauer Karl , Kiebler Michael A , Derivery Emmanuel , Bullock Simon L 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe microtubule motor dynein mediates polarised trafficking of a wide variety of organelles, vesicles and macromolecules. These functions are dependent on the dynactin complex, which helps recruit cargoes to dynein's tail and activates motor movement. How the dynein‐dynactin complex orchestrates trafficking of diverse cargoes is unclear. Here, we identify HEATR5B, an interactor of the adaptor protein‐1 (AP1) clathrin adaptor complex, as a novel player in dynein‐dynactin function. HEATR5B was recovered in a biochemical screen for proteins whose association with the dynein tail is augmented by dynactin. We show that HEATR5B binds directly to the dynein tail and dynactin and stimulates motility of AP1‐associated endosomal membranes in human cells. We also demonstrate that the Drosophila HEATR5B homologue is an essential gene that selectively promotes dynein‐based transport of AP1‐bound membranes to the Golgi apparatus. As HEATR5B lacks the coiled‐coil architecture typical of dynein adaptors, our data point to a non‐canonical process orchestrating motor function on a specific cargo. We additionally show that HEATR5B promotes association of AP1 with endosomal membranes independently of dynein. Thus, HEATR5B co‐ordinates multiple events in AP1‐based trafficking.
Phosphorylation promoted the glycolytic rate in postmortem meat by tightening the structure of glycogen phosphorylase
Authors: Bai Y. , Li X. , Ren C. , Zheng X. , Hou C. , Chen L. , Zhang D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe activity and structural variation of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) at different phosphorylation levels during incubation at 4 °C were explored in this study. The GP was assigned into four treatments to obtain high/low phosphorylation levels, which were (1) treated with glycogen phosphorylase kinase (Phk) to obtain high phosphorylation level, (2) treated with protein kinase A to obtain high phosphorylation level, (3) treated with alkaline phosphatase to obtain low phosphorylation level, and (4) control. Compared with the control group, the content of α-helix and β-sheet increased and the secondary structure of GP changed from disorder to order after phosphorylation. The activity of GP was increased and its structure was more tightly in the Phk group than that in the control group. The phosphorylation at Ser277, Ser430, Ser809, Thr304, Tyr298, and Tyr525 resulted in tighter spatial structure. In conclusion, phosphorylation of GP enhanced its catalytic activity by making the secondary and spatial structure more orderly, which is of great significance for controlling meat quality by regulating glycolysis.
ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫЕ ОБЪЕДИНЕНИЯ КАК ФОРМА СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ РОССИЙСКОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ
Authors: Хлебникова Мария Владимировна , Панычик Александр Владимирович 
Published: October 2023

Цель исследования — анализ социальной активности молодежи посредством рассмотрения деятельности существующих в России общественных объединений.
Методологический конструкт. Анализ работы молодежных общественных объединений и участия молодежи в данных структурах осуществляется на основе деятельностной парадигмы исследования и концепции саморегуляции жизнедеятельности молодежи.
Результаты исследования. В рамках данной работы авторы обращаются к такой форме социальной активности молодежи, как общественные объединения. В России действуют два очень масштабных объединения: Российский союз молодежи и Российские студенческие отряды. Анализ направлений деятельности данных объединений позволяет сделать вывод о том, что возможность стать частью молодежного объединения позволяет молодым людям проявить креативность в различных сферах деятельности, поучаствовать в крупномасштабных проектах, расширить круг социальных связей, получить прикладные компетенции, а также выстроить успешные жизненные стратегии.
Перспективой исследования является изучение существующих форм проявления социальной активности со стороны российской молодежи.
ЭЛЕКТРОПРОВОДЯЩИЕ ГЕРМЕТИЗИРУЮЩИЕ КОМПОЗИЦИИ НА ОСНОВЕ ПОЛИСУЛЬФИДНЫХ ОЛИГОМЕРОВ
Authors: Мышырова Ж.К. , Тулепов М.И. , Бускетс Р. 
Published: October 2023

В работе исследовались электропроводность и физико-механические свойства композитов на основе жидких тиоколов, наполненных техническим углеродом марки К-354. Целью данной работы было получение недорогого электропроводящего композита с использованием тиоколовой матрицы. Было выявлено что добавление сажи к тиоколовой матрицы приводит к существенному изменению электропроводности, так при увеличении содержания технического углерода в композиционном материале от 20 до 40 м.ч. происходило закономерное снижение удельного электрического объемного сопротивления с 1,28×104 до 2,34×10 (Ом×м). При помощи сканирующей электронной микроскопии изучены структура поверхности композитов, распределение частиц в композитной матрице. С увеличением содержания наполнителя, упаковка агрегатов в матрице становится более плотной, что способствует более тесному контакту между частицами технического углерода, за счет чего создаются условия для образования электропроводящих цепочек. Полученный композит можно использовать в качестве электропроводящего герметизирующего материала.
Assessment of the investment attractiveness of the cloud technologies industry
Authors: Semikolenova Svitlana , Korchagin Dmytro 
Published: October 2023

The cloud technology industry is one of the fundamentally important industries today, occupying an important place in the context of digital transformation due to the colossal increase in information. The process of digital transformation began not so long ago, but it has already become obvious that cloud computing has become a key factor in the rapid implementation of innovations in local and international markets. Increasing competition in the digital field forces international and local enterprises to take unprecedented steps to collect and analyze large amounts of data that users leave in the Internet space. This is what drives cloud providers to make huge capital investments in hardware and human capital.The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of the cloud technology industry for making an investment decision. The article reveals the economic potential of the cloud technology industry, providing highlighted the key benefits of cloud computing that are accelerating the adoption rate of the technology and identified the major key players that make up the majority of the market. According to the results of the study, it was found that the most attractive country for investments in the field of cloud technologies is the USA, which, according to the criterion of the volume of investments in the industry, occupies a leading position, having a wide list of cloud service providers. Among the analyzed companies, in the context of the search for the optimal enterprise for investment, it was determined that Microsoft Corporation has the highest profitability ratios among existing enterprises in the industry, and financial risks are at a moderate level. During the implementation of the discounted cash flow model, it was found that the company’s shares have a stable growth potential. Based on the results of the study, it is proposed to combine two approaches to the analysis of existing alternative technologies for storing and processing large databases, identifying the nature of key financial risks and their negative impact on determining the final fair value of a share.
JEL classіfіcatіon: G11, G24
The profitability analysis of fintech microlending: advanced Whale curve tools applying
Authors: Kaminskyi Andrii , Petrovskyi Oleksii 
Published: October 2023

Fintech is actively expanding its activities in various directions in the modern financial system. One of these directions is the development of consumer lending, which forms an important competitive factor for banks and other traditional lenders. Lending models implemented by fintech companies have a number of fundamental differences from classic ones. The article is devoted to the study of the fintech microcredit model and the profitability analysis of this model based on the advanced Whale curve toolkit adapted to lending.In the article, the microcredit model is structured into three blocks, which include income generation, credit risk management systems, and borrower lead generation. Income generation is considered within the PDL (payday lending) approach. The methodological components of the application of the Whale curve toolkit for lending are justified. The first component outlines a holistic visualization of the relationship between risk and profitability of the credit portfolio of microcredit. The second component is the use of two approaches to the application of the Whale curve toolkit. The first approach is based on the choice of the basis of analysis of income from borrowers, and the second – on the choice of the basis of analysis of income from loans issued. The third component of the methodology was the segmentation of the loan portfolio into 4 segments: A, B, C, and D. It was done for both approaches. Segment A is characterized by the generation of high profitability for the creditor, segment B is close to a neutral level of profitability, and segments C and D are defined by a negative financial result of different levels.The analysis, based on the developed methodology, made it possible to identify a number of regularities between risk and profitability both in terms of segments A, B, C, and D and in terms of repeated loans. The analysis was conducted on the basis of data from several Ukrainian fintech companies for the 2nd and 3rd quarters of 2021.Within the methodological components, the analysis of income sensitivity based on the scenario approach was used in the work. A number of scenarios regarding changes in credit characteristics and risk management parameters were formed. On this basis, the sensitivity of income to these changes was modeled, and a comparative analysis of the results was carried out.The methodology proposed in the article makes it possible to implement an optimization analysis of fintech microcredit, to determine the relationship between credit risk and profitability, and to choose the optimal strategy for increasing the profitability of lending.
JEL classіfіcatіon: G23, L25
Mathematical models of errors of determination of a ground-based SINS orientation angles and latitude of its position
Authors: Bondarenko Evgen 
Published: October 2023

In the paper, a computational algorithm for determination of orientation angles and latitude of position of a strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) which is mounted on a ground-based transport object is presented. It is assumed that the object is motionless with respect to the Earth’s surface. In the paper, mathematical models of errors of determination of the named angles are also presented. These errors, in their turn, are caused by null shifts and scale factor errors of the SINS sensitive elements – for example, laser gyros and linear accelerometers.
Penyuluhan Pemberian Makanan Pendamping Asi (MP-ASI) Pada Ibu Balita Stunting-Wasting di Kecamatan Juwangi
Authors: Amalia Zuliana , Ramadhani Aisyah Intan , Sukoco Larissa Agustina , Sari Yulia 
Published: October 2023

<p>Masalah gizi yang menjadi perhatian di Indonesia adalah stunting, karena Indonesia merupakan negara tertinggi ke-5 di dunia dengan angka kejadian stunting. Berdasarkan Survei Status Gizi Indonesia tahun 2022 prevalensi stunting di Indonesia sebesar 21,6%, Prevalensi stunting pada Provinsi Jawa Tengah mencapai angka 20,8% dan untuk Kabupaten Boyolali sendiri memiliki kasus stunting dengan prevalensi 20,0%. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu balita yang memiliki balita <em>Stunting-Wasting </em>mengenai MP-ASI. Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah interaktif dan tanya jawab. Hasil penyuluhan menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata skor pengetahuan ibu balita <em>Stunting-Wasting </em>saat pre-test adalah 57% dan pada saat post-test meningkat menjadi 84%. Dampak dari dilakukannya pengabdian ini adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan ibu balita <em>Stunting-Wasting </em>tentang MP-ASI.Untuk itu disarankan kepada ibu balita <em>Stunting-Wasting </em>untuk melakukan pemberian asupan makanan bagi bayi dan baita seesuai dengan tekstur dan jenis makanannya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan asupan anak.</p>
Agonistic song rate positively correlates with male breeding success and avian malaria infection in a promiscuous songbird with female-only parental care
Authors: Kubacka Justyna , Dubiec Anna , Arantes Larissa Souza , Herdegen-Radwan Magdalena , Mazzoni Camila , Sparmann Sarah , Osiejuk Tomasz Stanisław 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The link between male song and reproductive success has been explored at length in socially monogamous birds. However, results were inconsistent and under-represented socially non-monogamous species with uniparental care. Here, using as a model the aquatic warbler Acrocephalus paludicola, a songbird with no sexual dimorphism, female-only care, promiscuity and elaborate song, we explored whether the repertoire size, song duty cycle and rate of A-songs, used in male-male aggressive interactions, are associated with male fitness- and quality-related traits. Using the information-theoretic approach, we found that the number of 9-day-old nestlings fathered increased with A-song rate, but was not explained by repertoire size and song duty cycle. None of the song variables clearly explained the male return rate or change in the tarsus length (proxy for structural body size) and scaled mass index (proxy for energy reserves) of the fathered chicks between days 2 and 9 post-hatch. Inbreeding coefficient, scaled mass index, wing-length and trypanosome infection status of the males were unassociated with the song characteristics. However, while plasmodia infection was unrelated to the song duty cycle and repertoire size, it positively correlated with A-song rate. We conclude that in male aquatic warblers the agonistic song rate could be shaped by sexual selection and signal tolerance to avian malaria to females.
Dynamic changes in subplate and cortical plate microstructure precede the onset of cortical folding in utero
Authors: Arichi Tomoki , Wilson Sian , Christiaens Daan , Yun Hyukjin , Uus Alena , Cordero-Grande Lucilio , Karolis Vyacheslav , Price Anthony , Deprez Maria , Tournier Jacques-Donald , Rutherford Mary , Grant P , Hajnal Jo , Edwards Anthony , O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , Im Kiho 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The structural scaffolding of the human brain is assembled during the fetal period through a series of rapid, dynamic, and intersecting processes. The third trimester of gestation is characterised by the emergence of complex patterns of cortical folding, the development of white matter connections, lamination of the cortex and formation of neural circuits. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain how these processes interact to drive the formation of cortical convolutions, however there are no data-driven analyses during the fetal period to address them empirically.

To explore this gap in understanding, we quantify microstructural changes in the transient fetal compartments undergoing significant developmental change at the onset of gyrification in utero, the subplate (SP) and cortical plate (CP). Using high angular resolution multi-shell diffusion-weighted imaging (HARDI) as part of the Developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP), our analysis reveals that the anisotropic, tissue component of the diffusion signal in the SP and CP decreases immediately prior to the formation of sulcal fundi in the fetal brain. By back-projecting a map of folded brain regions onto the unfolded brain, we provide evidence for cytoarchitectural differences between gyral and sulcal areas at the end of the second trimester, suggesting that regional variation in the density and complexity of neuropil in transient fetal compartments plays a mechanistic function in the onset of folding across the brain.
Association of Food Insecurity with Changes in Diet Quality, Weight, and Glycemia Over Two Years in Adults with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes on Medicaid
Authors: Gu Kristine , Cheng Jessica , Fung Vicki , Levy Douglas , McGovern Sydney , McCurley Jessica , Clark Cheryl , Thorndike Anne 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Little is known about longitudinal associations between food insecurity (FI) and diet, weight, and glycemia in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In a secondary analysis of Medicaid-enrolled health center patients with prediabetes or T2D in Boston, Massachusetts (N = 188), we examined associations between food security (FS) and measures of diet quality, weight, and hyperglycemia. FS (10-item USDA FS module) was ascertained at baseline, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up and categorized as persistently secure, intermittently insecure, or persistently insecure. Associations between FS category and changes in Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-20), body mass index (BMI), and hemoglobin A1c (A1c) from baseline to year 2 were assessed using multivariate generalized linear models. Participants had median (p25, p75) age of 52 (42, 57); 71.8% were female and 62.8% Hispanic. Over follow-up, 32.4% were persistently food secure, 33.0% intermittently insecure, and 34.5% persistently insecure. Baseline mean (SD) HEI-20, BMI, and A1c were 55.8 (14.5), 35.9 (8.7) kg/m2, 7.1% (1.6) and did not differ by FS category. FS category was not associated with changes in HEI-20, BMI, and A1c at 2 years (all p > 0.05). Results suggest that Medicaid-enrolled adults with prediabetes or T2D, regardless of FS status, would benefit from dietary and weight management interventions.
Experimental Warming and Drying Increase the Age of Soil Respired Carbon in Lowland Tropical Forests
Authors: McFarlane Karis , Cusack Daniela , Dietterich Lee , Hedgpeth Alexandra , Nottingham Andrew 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Tropical forests account for over 50% of the global terrestrial carbon sink, but climate change threatens to alter the carbon balance of these ecosystems. We show that warming and drying of tropical forest soils may increase soil carbon vulnerability, by increasing the degradation of older carbon and decreasing decomposition of fresh inputs. In situ whole-profile heating by 4ºC and 50% throughfall exclusion both increased the average radiocarbon age of soil CO2 efflux by ~2–3 years, but the mechanisms underlying this shift differed. Warming accelerated decomposition and loss of older carbon as soil CO2 emissions reflecting increased decomposition and loss of older carbon. Drying suppressed microbial decomposition of fresh carbon inputs as soil CO2 emissions decreased. These findings imply that both warming and drying, by accelerating the loss of older soil carbon and reducing the incorporation of fresh carbon, will exacerbate soil carbon losses in tropical forests under climate change.
Enantioselective dearomative ortho-cycloaddition transformation of inactive arenes by cage-confined photocatalysis
Authors: Su Cheng-Yong , Yang Jie , Wu Xiantao , Chen Jie , Huang Sisi , Lu Yu-Lin , Jiao Zhiwei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Photoinduced dearomatization of arenes is a powerful strategy in organic synthesis to disrupt the stable aromaticity; however, the asymmetric dearomatization photocatalysis of inactive arenes remains highly challenging and rare. Herein we demonstrate an enzyme-mimicking cage-confined asymmetric photocatalysis method for intramolecular dearomative cycloaddition of electron-deficient β-aryl enones. Owing to the multi-functional synergy of chirality, energy transfer, and host-guest interactions in the confined microenvironments, the self-assembled chiral cage-photoreactor could pre-organize the arenes and activate the β-aryl enones to give stereoselectively fused cyclobutanes through visible-light induced [2+2] ortho-cycloaddition. Notably, the unavoidable transformation to stable [4+2] cycloadducts has been inhibited, producing thermodynamically unfavorable [2+2] cycloadducts with outstanding regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities.
Analysing pedigree to identify undesirable losses of genetic diversity and to prioritize management decisions in captive breeding: a case study
Authors: Moreno Eulalia , Cervantes Isabel , Gutiérrez Juan , Fernández Iván , Goyache Felix 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

When the priority is preventing species extinction, captive breeding is a key component in conservation programmes, allowing recording pedigree information in studbooks. Genealogical information registered in the Cuvier’s gazelle (Gazella cuvieri) studbook between 1975 and 2023 was analysed to: a) assess if the implemented mating policy was successful in preserving the genetic background of the founders (1 male : 3 females) in the present population; and b) improve future management and breeding decisions. Although the maternal contribution of one founder female was lost and the mean inbreeding of the total alive population was high (0.305 ± 0.095), the breeding policy was successful in keeping the individual increase in inbreeding relatively low (ΔFi = 0.047 ± 0.021). Notably, ΔFi per year of birth tended to decrease during the last three decades of the breeding programme, ensuring the viability of that small, highly inbred population. Historical dissemination of individuals among zoos of Europe and North America caused population structuring and genetic differentiation of the alive North America population. However, it does not risk the viability of the species captive population. Analyses allowed to identify individuals with underrepresented genotypes in the population and advised the implementation of management decisions aiming at promoting their reproduction to keep the founders' representation balanced in the next generations. These results show the importance of keeping long-term pedigree information to monitor changes in the genetic diversity of a captive population, which are crucial to implement optimal mating decisions assuring its long-term viability within an ex situ conservation programme.