bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalised Dirac-Schrödinger operators and the Callias Theorem
Authors: van den Dungen Koen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe consider generalised Dirac-Schrödinger operators, consisting of a self-adjoint elliptic first-order differential operator
$\mathcal {D}$
with a skew-adjoint ‘potential’ given by a (suitable) family of unbounded operators. The index of such an operator represents the pairing (Kasparov product) of the K-theory class of the potential with the K-homology class of
$\mathcal {D}$
. Our main result in this paper is a generalisation of the Callias Theorem: the index of the Dirac-Schrödinger operator can be computed on a suitable compact hypersurface. Our theorem simultaneously generalises (and is inspired by) the well-known result that the spectral flow of a path of relatively compact perturbations depends only on the endpoints.
Climbing a Wall: Strategic Litigation Against Automated Systems in Migration and Asylum
Authors: Palmiotto Francesca , Ozkul Derya 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStrategic litigation plays a crucial role in advancing human rights in the digital age, particularly in cases where data subjects, such as migrants and protection seekers, experience significant power imbalances. In this Article, we consider strategic litigation as part of broader legal mobilization efforts. Although some emerging studies have examined contestation against digital rights and migrant rights separately using legal mobilization frameworks, scholarship on legal mobilization concerning the use of automated systems on migrants and asylum seekers is scarce. This Article aims to address this gap by investigating the extent to which EU law empowers strategic litigants working at the intersection of technology and migration. Through an analysis of five specific cases of contestation and in-depth interviews, we explore how EU data protection law is leveraged to protect the digital rights of migrants and asylum seekers. This analysis takes a socio-legal perspective, analyzing the opportunities presented by EU data protection law and how civil society organizations (CSOs) utilize them in practice. Our findings reveal that the pre-litigation phase is particularly onerous for strategic litigants in this field, requiring a considerable investment of resources and time before even reaching the litigation stage. We illustrate this phase as akin to “climbing a wall,” characterized by numerous hurdles that CSOs face and the strategies they employ to overcome them.
Explore the Silence: The Absence of Preliminary References from Greek Courts on Migration and Asylum
Authors: Passalacqua Virginia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe preliminary reference procedure is a crucial tool for EU law enforcement. Yet, its usage varies greatly across the Member States. This paper deals with a notable case in which EU justice has not been mobilized: Greece. Until 2023, Greek judges had not made any preliminary references in the migration and asylum fields, despite significant migrant flows. This study investigates why Greece, with its critical migration challenges, became a zero-reference case.Drawing on empirical and doctrinal research, this paper tests two main hypotheses. The first hypothesis, derived from the “judicial empowerment thesis,” suggests that Greek judges may have been hesitant to refer cases due to political or institutional factors. The second hypothesis, based on scholarship highlighting the role of lawyers and civil society in promoting EU litigation, predicts that the absence of references reflects a lack of activist lawyers, skills, or resources.The findings challenge common assumptions, revealing that Greek judges are not inherently reluctant to refer cases. Instead, obstacles to access to justice and civil society’s attitudes help understand the absence of references. Going beyond judges, this paper explores how perceptions among migrant supporters, their legal consciousness, and traditional modes of action contribute to the lack of pressure for preliminary references.This research contributes to understanding the complexities surrounding judicial dialogue and enforcement of EU law. It offers insights into how the interplay of institutional, legal, and social factors shapes legal mobilization and strategic litigation.
How to Solve the Gender Inclusion Problem
Authors: Kirk-Giannini Cameron Domenico 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The inclusion problem for theories of gender arises when those theories inappropriately fail to include certain individuals in the gender categories to which they ought to belong. The inclusion problem affects both of the most influential traditions in feminist theorizing about gender: social-position accounts and identity accounts. I argue that the inclusion problem can be solved by adopting a structured theory of gender, which incorporates aspects of both social-position accounts and identity accounts. According to the theory I favor, an individual’s gender is determined by their gender identity if they have one; otherwise, it is determined by their social position. My structured theory of gender offers a more direct solution to the gender inclusion problem than alternatives recently advocated by Barnes (2020), Jenkins (2023), and others. It also points the way to a simple solution to inclusion problems that arise at the level of gendered language.
Ḥikāyat-i Sayyid Nāṣir-i Khusraw: Analyses of a subaltern Nizari Ismaili Text Written before the Declaration of the Qiyāmat-i buzurg (the Great Resurrection) in 559/1164
Authors: Hajiani Shiraz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This treatise, possibly written between 541 and 557 (1147–1162), illuminates the perspectives of a subaltern group persecuted by the Nizari Ismaili hierarchy for agitating to bring about the manifestation (ẓuhūr) of their imam. Ismailis in Iran awaited the manifestation of a descendant of Nizār b. al-Mustanṣir who was killed in Cairo in 488/1095 after a failed attempt to succeed his father as the Fatimid imam-caliph. In 559/1164, the fourth ruler of the Nizari polity proclaimed the Qiyāmat-i buzurg (the Great Resurrection) and was subsequently recognized as the Nizari imam. This text records how its author construed the transference of imamate from Egypt to Iran. It structured continuities between the Fatimid and Nizari daʿwa (summons) and between communities of followers of Nāṣir-i Khusraw and Ḥasan-i Ṣabbāḥ, the founder of the Nizari Ismaili polity. If the dating is correct, then the Ḥikāyat is one of the earliest known Nizari texts and is a very early exemplar of the Nizari appropriations of the poet, philosopher, and Fatimid dāʿī (summoner), Nāṣir-i Khusraw.
More Local Volume dwarf galaxy candidates
Authors: Karachentsev Igor , Karachentseva Valentina , Vladimirova Kristina , Kozyrev Cyril 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present the results of searching for new dwarf galaxies in the Local Volume. We found 40 satellite candidates in the double-virial-radius regions of 20 Milky Way-like and Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC)-like galaxies in the southern sky using DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys, 10 of which were known but not clearly associated with the Local Volume previously. Among the 40 satellite candidates, 8 are supposed members of the NGC 6744 group and 13 are located in the vicinity of the Sombrero galaxy. Based on seven companions to the giant spiral galaxy NGC 6744 with measured radial velocities, we estimate that the total mass of the group is

$M_T = (1.88\pm0.71)\times 10^{12}\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$

and the total mass-to-K-luminosity ratio

$M_T/L_K = (16.1\pm6.0) \mathrm{M}_{\odot}/\mathrm{L}_{\odot}$

. We reproduce a distribution of 68 early- and late-type galaxies in the Local Volume situated around the Sombrero, noting their strong morphological segregation and also the presence of a foreground diffuse association of dwarf galaxies at 8 degrees to SE from the Sombrero.
Sacrificing environmental degradation and conflict risks for economic development: public attitudes to LAPSSET in Turkana County, Kenya
Authors: Kim Hye-Sung , Mkutu Kennedy 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAre residents of developing countries willing to support economic development despite environmental damage and conflict risks? To examine this question, we conducted a survey experiment in Turkana County, home to an economically and politically marginalised pastoral community in Kenya but newly impacted by a large-scale infrastructure development project, namely, the Lamu Port–South Sudan–Ethiopia Transport (LAPSSET) corridor project, which will generate economic development at the expense of significant environmental degradation and intensified conflict risks. We found that the majority of our respondents in Turkana support LAPSSET regardless of the expected environmental damages and conflict risks. Although concerns about unequal distribution of economic opportunities and cross-border ethnic conflicts decreased support for LAPSSET, the decreases in support were substantively small and only found conditionally based on certain sub-groups. Our results align with earlier literature findings that residents of developing countries are willing to tolerate negative consequences while prioritising economic development.
Tectono‐Magmatic Evolution of the Southern Reykjanes Ridge, North Atlantic, From ∼11 M.y. to Present
Authors: Panasiuk Sofia L. , Anderson Melissa O. , Bormann Katherine , Höskuldsson Ármann , Martínez Fernando , Pałgan Dominik 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOur understanding of the geological evolution of mid‐ocean ridges in response to tectonic reconfigurations and associated mantle processes is hampered by a lack of exploration in off‐axis areas. A notable exception is the Reykjanes Ridge, where multibeam bathymetry, magnetics, and gravity surveys have been conducted up to ∼150 km from the ridge axis. Previous work shows that the ridge has undergone a major reorganization following changes in spreading direction, resulting in the progressive formation and then elimination of transform faults from north to south under the influence of the regional mantle melting anomaly. Notably, this process is incomplete near the southern termination of the ridge, providing a window into the processes of crustal accretion and segmentation prior to and immediately following this reorganization. Here, we employ remote‐predictive geological and structural mapping methods linked to chrono‐magnetic data to elucidate changes in segment morphology, magma supply, and structural fabrics along the southern ∼200 km of the ridge over the past ∼11 M.y. We identify two new fracture zones and three new non‐transform discontinuities, with elimination of transform motion occurring between ∼9.7 and 4.2 Ma, which is later than previously thought. Transform elimination coincides with rift propagation and the emergence of a new magmatically robust segment at ∼58°N at ∼9.7–8.2 Ma. This transition is also associated with a reorientation of seafloor fabric from dominantly N‐trending to NE‐trending, associated with the dissection of axial volcanic ridges by the oblique (NE‐trending) plate boundary, resulting in more crustal accretion to the North American plate overall.
The Formation Mechanism of Merged EIA During a Storm on 4 November 2021
Authors: Wu Kun , Qian Liying , Wang Wenbin , Cai Xuguang , Mclnerney Joseph M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this study, we conduct an in‐depth analysis of Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model‐eXtended simulations to examine physical mechanisms of the formation and evolution of an equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) merging phenomenon during a storm on 4 November 2021. A quantitative analysis reveals that the rapid decay of the EIA crests at their poleward sides at altitudes of ∼200–250 km plays a crucial role in the EIA merging during that day. This rapid decay is due to the fast recombination at low altitudes (∼200–250 km) as the plasma are transported downward by the westward disturbance dynamo electric field and poleward neutral winds during the storm. The results suggested EIA‐merging is not merely northern and southern EIA crests moving together, but it involves a crucial rapid decay of the EIA crests at their poleward sides that descended to low altitudes (rapid recombination, ∼200–250 km), driven by regional electric fields and neutral winds. This study plays a crucial role in our understanding of the evolution and formation of the merged EIA on 4 November 2021 during the storm.
Evidence for Magma‐Rich and Magma‐Poor Characteristics Across the Continent‐Ocean Transition Offshore Central Nova Scotia as Deduced From Vp/Vs Ratios Using 4‐Component Seismic Data
Authors: Lau K. W. Helen , Nedimović Mladen R. , Zhang Miao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo improve identification of crustal rock types within the continent‐ocean transition (COT) offshore Nova Scotia based on the standard approach of analyzing P‐wave velocities (Vp), we incorporate S‐wave velocity (Vs) modeling and determine Vp/Vs ratios. In this work, we construct detailed layered Vp and Vs models using four component wide‐angle ocean bottom seismometer data from profiles SMART‐2 and ‐3 across the central and southwestern Scotian margin, respectively. Along profile SMART‐3, the lower continental crust displays low Vp/Vs ratios (1.7), akin to felsic granulite. Vp/Vs ratios (1.7–1.9) within the COT suggest that syn‐rift volcanism and magmatism resulted in a basalt‐dominated upper crust overlying a thick layer (4–10 km) of laterally heterogeneous gabbroic underplate that jointly cover an estimated profile area of 1,230 . On Profile SMART‐2, we observe upper continental crust (Vp/Vs 1.7) with highly felsic composition within the continental and the COT domains. Serpentinized mantle (Vp/Vs 1.9) is interpreted within the seaward‐most segment of the transitional lower crust, alongside gabbroic underplate, based on its Vp/Vs ratio of 1.7–1.8 and high Vp of 6.9–7.4 km/s, notably thickening beneath the East Coast Magnetic Anomaly near the landward COT limit. Syn‐rift volcanism and magmatism SMART‐2 profile area is estimated at 513 . Our results portray the southwestern Scotian margin as magma‐rich, the northeastern as magma‐poor, and the central margin as a hybrid zone amalgamating characteristics from both. Regardless of margin type, the thinnest transitional crust is consistently observed toward its seaward termination leading into the full‐scale seafloor spreading.
Sand Dunes as a Nature‐Based Solution to Mitigate Salt Intrusion in Stratified Estuaries
Authors: Geerts Sem J. , van der Sande Wessel M. , Hulscher Suzanne J. M. H. , Geurts Bernard J. , Roos Pieter C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSalt intrusion in estuaries can pose a threat to drinking water extraction, irrigation, industries, and ecology. Key factors influencing the salt intrusion length include freshwater river flushing and vertical salt mixing. This study investigates the potential of estuarine sand dunes, that is, large‐scale rhythmic patterns, to serve as a nature‐based solution to mitigate salt intrusion. To this end, we adopt a two‐dimensional vertical (2DV) modeling approach, which numerically solves the flow and salt transport in an idealized single‐channel estuary. By varying the tidal amplitude and river discharge, three types of estuaries are modeled; a salt wedge, a strongly stratified and a strain‐induced periodic stratification estuary. Two types of dune configurations are considered: ’depth‐neutral’ dunes (preserving mean water depth) and ’deepening’ dunes (crest level equal to original bed level, rest of dune profile entirely below). Model results demonstrate that the presence of dunes can effectively reduce the salt intrusion length by several kilometers, compared to the scenario without dunes. Systematically varying dune geometry demonstrates that steeper (higher and shorter) dunes yield a stronger reduction in the salt intrusion length. Deepening dunes have the potential to generate sufficient mixing to overcome the adverse effects of channel deepening and, as such, can mitigate salt intrusion while maintaining navigability. As a naturally existing bedform, estuarine sand dunes present a promising nature‐based solution against salt intrusion without compromising accessibility to seaports.
Decent Estimate of CME Arrival Time From a Data‐Assimilated Ensemble in the Alfvén Wave Solar Atmosphere Model (DECADE‐AWSoM)
Authors: Chen Hongfan , Sachdeva Nishtha , Huang Zhenguang , van der Holst Bart , Manchester Ward , Jivani Aniket , Zou Shasha , Chen Yang , Huan Xun , Toth Gabor 
Published: January 2025

AbstractForecasting the arrival time of Earth‐directed coronal mass ejections (CMEs) via physics‐based simulations is an essential but challenging task in space weather research due to the complexity of the underlying physics and limited remote and in situ observations of these events. Data assimilation techniques can assist in constraining free model parameters and reduce the uncertainty in subsequent model predictions. In this study, we show that CME simulations conducted with the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) can be assimilated with SOHO LASCO white‐light (WL) observations and solar wind observations at L1 prior to the CME eruption to improve the prediction of CME arrival time. The L1 observations are used to constrain the model of the solar wind background into which the CME is launched. Average speed of CME shock front over propagation angles are extracted from both synthetic WL images from the Alfvén Wave Solar atmosphere Model (AWSoM) and the WL observations. We observe a strong rank correlation between the average WL speed and CME arrival time, with the Spearman's rank correlation coefficients larger than 0.90 for three events occurring during different phases of the solar cycle. This enables us to develop a Bayesian framework to filter ensemble simulations using WL observations, which is found to reduce the mean absolute error of CME arrival time prediction from about 13.4 to 5.1 hr. The results show the potential of assimilating readily available L1 and WL observations within hours of the CME eruption to construct optimal ensembles of Sun‐to‐Earth CME simulations.
Glucocorticoids on bone remodeling in systemic lupus erythematosus mice
Authors: Hao Sheng , Zhang Yuyun , Tong Xiaowei , Ding Fangkai , Wang Runjie , Zhang Jing , Feng Dan , Niu Xiaoling , Huang Wenyan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Systemic lupus erythematosus requires glucocorticoids for management. This study investigates how glucocorticoids influence bone in a SLE mouse model, focusing on bone mineral density (BMD), microstructure, and remodeling markers.

Methods
MRL/lpr and C57BL/6 mice were administered dexamethasone or saline as a control for 4-weeks. Bone assessments included analyses of BMD, bone structure, and serum levels of RANKL and OPG.

Results
Dexamethasone decreased BMD and altered cortical and trabecular bone thickness in both MRL/lpr and C57BL/6 mice. In C57BL/6 mice, cortical bone exhibited increased catabolism while trabecular bone showed signs of increased anabolism, whereas MRL/lpr mice did not show significant changes in bone turnover. Both strains experienced weight loss, with a significant decrease in femur length observed only in C57BL/6 mice. Dexamethasone exacerbated BMD reduction in MRL/lpr mice and halted its increase in C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 mice exhibited notable changes in cortical and trabecular bone structure, while MRL/lpr mice didn’t. After receiving dexamethasone, both strains showed higher serum RANKL levels, especially in C57BL/6 mice. OPG decreased in both strains.

Conclusion
Both glucocorticoids and SLE contribute to abnormal bone remodeling through RANKL/OPG pathway.

Impact

Glucocorticoid (GC) treatment in a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) leads to significant changes in bone parameters, including decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and alterations in bone structure. Those change are associated with the modulation of RANKL and OPG expression.

Both GC and inflammation in SLE contribute to BMD reduction, and GC may have a certain protective effect on bone in the early stage of chronic inflammation.

GC can upregulate RANKL expression and downregulate OPG expression in vivo. During a state of chronic inflammation, RANKL expression increases. However, OPG may not exert a significant influence on inflammatory stimulation.
Corticolimbic circuitry as a druggable target in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a narrative review
Authors: Gee Abigail , Dazzan Paola , Grace Anthony A. , Modinos Gemma 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) involve disturbances in the integration of perception, emotion and cognition. The corticolimbic system is an interacting set of cortical and subcortical brain regions critically involved in this process. Understanding how neural circuitry and molecular mechanisms within this corticolimbic system may contribute to the development of not only positive symptoms but also negative and cognitive deficits in SSD has been a recent focus of intense research, as the latter are not adequately treated by current antipsychotic medications and are more strongly associated with poorer functioning and long-term outcomes. This review synthesises recent developments examining corticolimbic dysfunction in the pathophysiology of SSD, with a focus on neuroimaging advances and related novel methodologies that enable the integration of data across different scales. We then integrate how these findings may inform the identification of novel therapeutic and preventive targets for SSD symptomatology. A range of pharmacological interventions have shown initial promise in correcting corticolimbic dysfunction and improving negative, cognitive and treatment-resistant symptoms. We discuss current challenges and opportunities for improving the still limited translation of these research findings into clinical practice. We argue how our knowledge of the role of corticolimbic dysfunction can be improved by combining multiple research modalities to examine hypotheses across different spatial and temporal scales, combining neuroimaging with experimental interventions and utilising large-scale consortia to advance biomarker identification. Translation of these findings into clinical practice will be aided by consideration of optimal intervention timings, biomarker-led patient stratification, and the development of more selective medications.