bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of cardiovascular health and vascular events in the relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness and dementia risk
Authors: Cavaillès Clémence , Letellier Noémie , Berr Claudine , Samieri Cecilia , Empana Jean‐Philippe , Tzourio Christophe , Dartigues Jean‐François , Benmarhnia Tarik , Dauvilliers Yves , Jaussent Isabelle 
Published: October 2023

SummaryMany studies suggest a relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and dementia incidence, but the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. The study aimed to investigate the role of cardiovascular burden in the relationship between EDS and dementia incidence over a 12‐year follow‐up in community‐dwelling older adults. We performed analyses on 6171 subjects (aged ≥65 years) free of dementia and vascular disease at baseline. Participants self‐reported EDS at baseline and an expert committee validated both prevalent and incident dementia. We defined cardiovascular burden by a low Cardiovascular Health score, constructed using the American Heart Association metrics, and incident vascular events. To explore the potential role of the cardiovascular burden in the relationship between EDS and dementia, we conducted mediation analyses with inverse odds ratio‐weighted estimation, using multivariable‐adjusted proportional hazard Cox and logistic regression models. Subjects with EDS had a higher risk of all‐cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.69) and dementia with vascular component (DVC) (HR 2.14, 95% CI 1.30–3.51), but not Alzheimer's disease (HR 1.18, 95% CI 0.93–1.51). Cardiovascular burden explained 5% (95% CI 4.1–5.2) and 11% (95% CI 9.7–11.3) of the relationship between EDS and all‐cause dementia and DVC, respectively. These findings confirm that EDS may be implicated in the development of dementia and indicate a weaker than expected role of cardiovascular burden in the relationship between EDS and DVC.
Urinary cystatin B differentiates progressive versus stable IRIS Stage 1 chronic kidney disease in dogs
Authors: Segev Gilad , Vaden Shelly , Ross Sheri , Dufayet Cedric , Cohn Leah A. , Farace Giosi , Szlosek Donald , Ouyang Zenhwa , Peterson Sarah , Beall Melissa , Yerramilli Murthy , Polzin David , Cowgill Larry D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundEarly identification of dogs with progressive vs stable chronic kidney disease (CKD) might afford opportunity for interventions that would slow progression. However, currently no surrogate biomarker reliably predicts CKD progression.Hypothesis/ObjectivesUrinary cystatin B (uCysB), a novel kidney injury biomarker, predicts progressive disease in International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) CKD Stage 1.AnimalsSeventy‐two dogs, including 20 dogs from 4 university centers with IRIS CKD Stage 1, with IDEXX symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentration up to 17 μg/dL and no systemic comorbidities, and 52 clinically healthy staff‐owned dogs from a fifth university center.MethodsA multicenter prospective longitudinal study was conducted between 2016 and 2021 to assess uCysB concentration in IRIS CKD Stage 1 and control dogs. Dogs were followed to a maximum of 3 years (control) or 25 months (CKD). Stage 1 IRIS CKD was classified as stable or progressive using the slope of 1/SDMA, calculated from 3 timepoints during the initial 90‐day period. Dogs with slope above or below −0.0007 week × dL/μg were classified as stable or progressive, respectively. Mixed effects modeling was used to assess the association between uCysB and progression rate.ResultsEstimates of first visit uCysB results predictive of active ongoing kidney injury based on the mixed effects models were 17 ng/mL for control, 24 ng/mL for stable CKD, and 212 ng/mL for progressive CKD (P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceUrinary cystatin B differentiated stable vs progressive IRIS CKD Stage 1. Identification of dogs with progressive CKD may provide an opportunity for clinicians to intervene early and slow progression rate.
Plasma pharmacokinetics of clorsulon following administration of a single subcutaneous or intravenous injection to cattle
Authors: Rehbein Steffen , Kvaternick Valerie , Kellermann Michael , Hamel Dietmar , Antretter Andrea , Johnson Christopher 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe benzenedisulfonamide derivative clorsulon is a potent fasciolicide which is marketed in fixed combination injectables, typically combined with the macrocyclic lactone ivermectin. In the presented pharmacokinetic study, the plasma profile of clorsulon in 32 healthy, young Brown Swiss cattle was administered a single intravenous dose at 3 mg/kg body weight or subcutaneously at 3, 6 or 12 mg/kg body weight (4 intact male and 4 female animals per treatment) as a 30% w/v clorsulon injection formulation. Serial blood samples were collected up to 24 days after administration to establish the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and dose proportionality of clorsulon. Following a single intravenous injection of clorsulon at 3 mg/kg body weight, the area under the concentration versus time curve from the start of dose administration to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUClast) was 4830 ± 941 day*ng/mL, and half‐live was 2.37 ± 0.98 days. The back extrapolated concentration at time 0 was 38,500 ± 6070 ng/mL. The volume of distribution at steady state and clearance were 685 ± 107 mL/kg and 664 ± 127 mL/day/kg, respectively. In the groups dosed at 3, 6 or 12 mg/kg body weight by subcutaneous injection, clorsulon plasma concentrations rose to maximum within 0.5 day and decreased to the last sample point. For these groups, the maximum plasma clorsulon concentrations were 3100 ± 838, 5250 ± 1220 and 10,800 ± 1730 ng/mL, respectively, and the AUClast was 5330 ± 925, 9630 ± 1300 and 21,500 ± 3320 day*ng/mL, respectively. Half‐lives, 2.01 ± 0.62, 3.84 ± 1.42 and 5.36 ± 0.60 days, respectively, increased significantly with dose, likely related to increasing dose volume. Clorsulon was well absorbed and fully bioavailable (103%–114%) after subcutaneous injection. No gender‐related difference in systemic exposure was observed. Assessment of Cmax and AUClast demonstrated a proportional increase in systemic exposure to the clorsulon subcutaneous doses over the range of 3–12 mg/kg body weight.
Loss of native herbivores triggers diversity decline of ephemeral plant communities
Authors: Fernández‐Murillo María del Pilar , Alfaro Fernando Daniel , Craven Dylan , Gutiérrez Julio Roberto , Kelt Douglas A. , Meserve Peter L. , Troncoso Alejandra J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimEvaluate the temporal changes in species diversity, composition, and structure of ephemeral plant communities and the seed bank in response to long‐term herbivore exclusion over 11 years in plots with and without herbivores.LocationNorth‐central Chile.MethodsWe obtained information on ephemeral vegetation cover in August and September using the intercept point method and recorded seed abundance in April. The Bosque Fray Jorge National Park Long‐Term Socio‐Ecological Research (LTSER) provided these records covering 11 years (2009–2019). From the original experiment of 20 plots, we used eight plots divided into two treatments: four plots allowed free access to all herbivores (with herbivores), while the other four plots excluded herbivores (without herbivores).ResultsWe found that Hill–Shannon diversity increased in plant communities with herbivores and a temporal increase in the cover of the dominant species, Plantago hispidula, under herbivore exclusion. In wet years, species richness and temporal turnover of plant communities increased independently of treatment. Although seed abundance differed among treatments and years, population structure remained constant over time and among treatments, suggesting that the seed bank acts as a buffer against shocks that modify plant community dynamics. Structural equation modeling revealed that precipitation, via its positive effects on Plantago hispidula, increases native plant richness to a greater extent than herbivores. However, in the absence of herbivores, precipitation directly affects native species richness. Moreover, we found that precipitation also influences the native species richness of the seed bank, both directly and indirectly, although its impacts exhibit a time lag.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that the temporal dynamics of ephemeral plant communities and seed banks in semi‐arid ecosystems are strongly coupled to climate variability, highlighting the vulnerability of these communities to biodiversity loss and climate change.
Do chromosome rearrangements fix by genetic drift or natural selection? Insights from Brenthis butterflies
Authors: Mackintosh Alexander , Vila Roger , Martin Simon H. , Setter Derek , Lohse Konrad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLarge‐scale chromosome rearrangements, such as fissions and fusions, are a common feature of eukaryote evolution. They can have considerable influence on the evolution of populations, yet it remains unclear exactly how rearrangements become established and eventually fix. Rearrangements could fix by genetic drift if they are weakly deleterious or neutral, or they may instead be favoured by positive natural selection. Here, we compare genome assemblies of three closely related Brenthis butterfly species and characterize a complex history of fission and fusion rearrangements. An inferred demographic history of these species suggests that rearrangements became fixed in populations with large long‐term effective size (N
e), consistent with rearrangements being selectively neutral or only very weakly underdominant. Using a recently developed analytic framework for characterizing hard selective sweeps, we find that chromosome fusions are not enriched for evidence of past sweeps compared to other regions of the genome. Nonetheless, we do infer a strong and recent selective sweep around one chromosome fusion in the B. daphne genome. Our results suggest that rearrangements in these species likely have weak absolute fitness effects and fix by genetic drift. However, one putative selective sweep raises the possibility that natural selection may sometimes play a role in the fixation of chromosome fusions.
Vascular polycystin proteins in health and disease
Authors: Mbiakop Ulrich C. , Jaggar Jonathan H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPKD1 (polycystin 1) and PKD2 (polycystin 2) are expressed in a variety of different cell types, including arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells. PKD1 is a transmembrane domain protein with a large extracellular N‐terminus that is proposed to act as a mechanosensor and receptor. PKD2 is a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily which is also termed TRPP1. Mutations in the genes which encode PKD1 and PKD2 lead to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). ADPKD is one of the most prevalent monogenic disorders in humans and is associated with extrarenal and vascular complications, including hypertension. Recent studies have uncovered mechanisms of activation and physiological functions of PKD1 and PKD2 in arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells. It has also been found that PKD function is altered in the vasculature during ADPKD and hypertension. We will summarize this work and discuss future possibilities for this area of research.
Intelligent recognition of defects in high‐speed railway slab track with limited dataset
Authors: Cai Xiaopei , Tang Xueyang , Pan Shuo , Wang Yi , Yan Hai , Ren Yuheng , Chen Ning , Hou Yue 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDuring the regular service life of high‐speed railway (HSR), there might be serious defects in the concrete slabs of the infrastructure systems, which may further significantly affect public transportation safety. To address these serious issues and fulfill the regular functions of HSR, the traditional methods for railway engineers involve carrying out regular on‐site inspections manually or by semi‐automatic inspection vehicles, and conducting timely corresponding repairing approaches and maintenance, where these methods are time‐consuming and dangerous. In recent years, machine learning methods have been widely applied to the intelligent and automatic detection of severe defects in HSR. Currently, one of the most serious problems is the lack of sufficient high‐quality data for model training, resulting in low recognition accuracy in HSR defects. To solve this problem, this paper proposed an intelligent recognition of defects in concrete slabs of HSR based on a few‐shot learning model, that is, an artificial intelligence model based on limited data size, which recognizes three service conditions of concrete slabs in HSR: cracks, track board gaps, and unbroken state. Lightweight few‐shot learning models specifically designed for HSR detection were proposed. Experiments were conducted to compare the performances of different lightweight‐designed models, including accuracy, parameter quantity, and testing time. Results showed that the optimum model can fast and satisfactorily recognize the defects in HSR with a very limited data size of 10 samples for each training category, with a satisfactory accuracy of 73.9% in the test dataset with 20 samples for each category, parameter amounts of 2.8 million, and a testing time of 2.2 s per image. This study provides a reference for the automatic recognition of defects in HSR by railway engineers with insufficient samples.
Conflict occurrence and preferred management styles among ICU nurses during the first wave of COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkorashy Hanan A. , Alosaimi Ashwaq A. , Alruwaili Nawal F. , Alshahrani Shuruq N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntensive care units (ICUs) have been overwhelmed by the increasing number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases, causing psychological burdens, stress, and various types of conflict among nurses.AimTo examine the occurrence, type, and intensity of conflict and preferred management styles among ICU nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Study DesignThis cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted in a government hospital in Saudi Arabia using a convenience sample of 95 nurses from three ICUs. Data were collected using an e‐questionnaire comprising the Nursing Conflict Scale, Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory‐II, and sociodemographic variables.ResultsMost participants reported exposure to moderately (64.2%) or highly (34.79%) intense conflict during the pandemic. The competitive (2.23 ± .472) and intragroup (2.23 ± .385) types of conflict were the most frequently reported. The preferred conflict management style was collaborating (21.85 ± 5.49), followed by accommodating (18.39 ± 4.03). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that age, years of experience, and education were significantly associated with conflict type and management style. Preparedness to care for suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 cases was associated with interpersonal conflict (r = .20, p = .04).ConclusionsThe participants experienced moderate‐ to high‐intensity conflict; however, they employed constructive rather than destructive management styles.Relevance to Clinical PracticeNurse leaders, policymakers, and educators must initiate transformational intervention programmes to enhance and sustain nurses' competencies in constructive conflict management strategies. Interpersonal communication and crisis management training programmes should be formulated to raise nurses' awareness and enhance their competencies vis‐à‐vis taking a positive approach to overcoming various conflict types and levels, particularly during crises.
High tolerance to zinc but no evidence for local adaptation in the aquatic plant Lemna minor
Authors: Vámos Sofia , Li Cheng , Moradi Aboubakr , van Moorsel Sofia J. 
Published: October 2023

Duckweeds are a widely distributed and economically important aquatic plant family that have high potential for phytoremediation of polluted water bodies. We collected four ecotypes of the common duckweed Lemna minor from the four corners of Switzerland and assessed how their home versus away environments influenced their growth. Additionally, we investigated their response to a metal pollutant (zinc, Zn) in both their home and away environments. Zn is found in freshwater systems and can become harmful to plants at elevated concentrations. We hypothesized that growing in their home environment would help the plants buffer the negative effect of the metal pollutant. To test this, we measured Lemna growth in a common garden experiment in a glasshouse where the four ecotypes were grown in each of the water environments, as well as in three different concentrations of Zn. To investigate whether interactions between Lemna and its microbial community can enhance or reduce tolerance to heavy metal pollution, we sampled chlorophyll‐a as a proxy for algal biomass. Finally, we measured total nitrogen and total organic carbon to describe the abiotic environment in more detail.The four Lemna ecotypes exhibited significantly different growth rates across the water treatments. This difference in fitness was matched with DNA sequencing revealing genetic differentiation between the four ecotypes. However, the effect of the water and Zn treatment on Lemna growth was the same for all ecotypes. We did not find evidence for local adaptation; instead, we observed strong plastic responses. Lemna growth rates were higher under higher Zn concentrations. This positive effect of Zn on Lemna growth could be in part due to reduced competition with algae. We conclude that L. minor ecotypes may exhibit large differences in growth rate, but that the species overall has a high Zn tolerance and strong plastic adaptive potential in novel environments.
Complex consequences of disturbance on canopy plant communities of world forests: a review and synthesis
Authors: Nadkarni Nalini M. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryEpiphytes and their associated biota are increasingly recognized as contributing to biodiversity and to filling critical ecosystem functions in world forests. However, the attributes that have made them successful in canopy environments also make them vulnerable to natural and human‐induced disturbances. Drawing upon ecological frameworks to understand disturbance, I categorized and synthesized the drivers and the consequences of disturbances on epiphytic materials. Across all impacts, disturbance agents were significantly more likely to lead to negative, rather than positive, effects in both tropical and temperate locales. Significantly more studies reported negative effects on abundance, diversity, community composition and connectivity, but some studies showed that disturbances enhanced these attributes. Although particular disturbance agents did not differently influence individual consequences, they explained a significant portion of variation in aggregated totals. Surprisingly, relative to human disturbances, natural disturbances were more likely to lead to negative effects. Many studies provided recommendations for effective societal responses to mitigate negative impacts, such as retaining large, old trees in forestry operations, patch‐clearing for epiphyte harvest, maximizing forest fragment size, using epiphytes as bioindicators of disturbance, and applying principles of community forestry to land management. Future actions should also include communication of these results to policymakers and land managers.
Linking water use efficiency with water use strategy from leaves to communities
Authors: Liang Jie , Krauss Ken W. , Finnigan John , Stuart‐Williams Hilary , Farquhar Graham D. , Ball Marilyn C. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryLimitations and utility of three measures of water use characteristics were evaluated: water use efficiency (WUE), intrinsic WUE and marginal water cost of carbon gain () estimated, respectively, as ratios of assimilation (A) to transpiration (E), of A to stomatal conductance (gs) and of sensitivities of E and A with variation in gs. Only the measure estimates water use strategy in a way that integrates carbon gain relative to water use under varying environmental conditions across scales from leaves to communities. This insight provides updated and simplified ways of estimating and adds depth to understanding ways that plants balance water expenditure against carbon gain, uniquely providing a mechanistic means of predicting water use characteristics under changing environmental scenarios.
Employee acceptance of digital monitoring systems while working from home
Authors: Wieser Luisa , Abraham Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDigitalisation and COVID‐19 led to an expansion of remote work arrangements, raising the question of whether and how employers should monitor remote workplaces. However, before the implementation of monitoring methods, it is important to consider employees' acceptance of this approach. Therefore, we contribute to current research on electronic performance monitoring by empirically investigating employees' evaluations of performance monitoring at home. This paper presents an analysis of how certain monitoring technologies for work‐from‐home arrangements are perceived as undesirable and whether other job aspects can compensate for these unattractive monitoring components. Using an experimental factorial survey design, German employees evaluated remote work arrangements with randomly varying characteristics. We show that respondents accept a certain degree of monitoring at home but increasingly reject monitoring systems as they become more invasive. However, in some cases, the negative impact of monitoring at home can be mitigated by certain incentives, such as money or the purpose of monitoring.
Composition of gut microbiota and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Su Xin , Chen Shiyun , Liu Jiazi , Feng Yonghui , Han Eerdun , Hao Xiaolei , Liao Minqi , Cai Jun , Zhang Shiwen , Niu Jianxiang , He Shihua , Huang Shaofen , Lo Kenneth , Zeng Fangfang 
Published: October 2023

SummaryThe present systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to summarize the associations between gut microbiota composition and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. To compare the differences between individuals with or without NAFLD, the standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval were computed for each α‐diversity index and relative abundance of gut microbes. The β‐diversity indices were summarized in a qualitative manner. A total of 54 studies with 8894 participants were included. Overall, patients with NAFLD had moderate reduction in α‐diversity indices including Shannon (SMD = −0.36, 95% CI = [−0.53, −0.19], p < 0.001) and Chao 1 (SMD = −0.42, 95% CI = [−0.68, −0.17], p = 0.001), but no significant differences were found for Simpson, observed species, phylogenetic diversity, richness, abundance‐based coverage estimator, and evenness (p ranged from 0.081 to 0.953). Over 75% of the included studies reported significant differences in β‐diversity. Although there was substantial interstudy heterogeneity, especially for analyses at the phylum, class, and family levels, the majority of the included studies showed alterations in the depletion of anti‐inflammatory microbes (i.e., Ruminococcaceae and Coprococcus) and the enrichment of proinflammatory microbes (i.e., Fusobacterium and Escherichia) in patients with NAFLD. Perturbations in gut microbiota were associated with NAFLD, commonly reflected by a reduction in beneficial species and an increase in the pathogenic species.