bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CEST and nuclear Overhauser enhancement imaging with deep learning–extrapolated semisolid magnetization transfer reference: Scan‐rescan reproducibility and reliability studies
Authors: Heo Hye‐Young , Singh Munendra , Yedavalli Vivek , Jiang Shanshan , Zhou Jinyuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeTo develop a novel MR physics‐driven, deep‐learning, extrapolated semisolid magnetization transfer reference (DeepEMR) framework to provide fast, reliable magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) and CEST signal estimations, and to determine the reproducibility and reliability of the estimates from the DeepEMR.MethodsA neural network was designed to predict a direct water saturation and MTC‐dominated signal at a certain CEST frequency offset using a few high‐frequency offset features in the Z‐spectrum. The accuracy, scan‐rescan reproducibility, and reliability of MTC, CEST, and relayed nuclear Overhauser enhancement (rNOE) signals estimated from the DeepEMR were evaluated on numerical phantoms and in heathy volunteers at 3 T. In addition, we applied the DeepEMR method to brain tumor patients and compared tissue contrast with other CEST calculation metrics.ResultsThe DeepEMR method demonstrated a high degree of accuracy in the estimation of reference MTC signals at ±3.5 ppm for APT and rNOE imaging, and computational efficiency (˜190‐fold) compared with a conventional fitting approach. In addition, the DeepEMR method achieved high reproducibility and reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.97, intersubject coefficient of variation = 3.5%, and intrasubject coefficient of variation = 1.3%) of the estimation of MTC signals at ±3.5 ppm. In tumor patients, DeepEMR‐based amide proton transfer images provided higher tumor contrast than a conventional MT ratio asymmetry image, particularly at higher B1 strengths (>1.5 μT), with a distinct delineation of the tumor core from normal tissue or peritumoral edema.ConclusionThe DeepEMR approach is feasible for measuring clean APT and rNOE effects in longitudinal and cross‐sectional studies with low scan‐rescan variability.
Myelin water imaging at 0.55 T using a multigradient‐echo sequence
Authors: Schäper Jessica , Bieri Oliver 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the prospects of a multigradient‐echo (mGRE) acquisition for in vivo myelin water imaging at 0.55 T.MethodsScans were performed on the brain of four healthy volunteers at 0.55 and 3 T, using a 3D mGRE sequence. The myelin water fraction (MWF) was calculated for both field strengths using a nonnegative least squares (NNLS) algorithm, implemented in the qMRLab suite. The quality of these maps as well as single‐voxel fits were compared visually for 0.55 and 3 T.ResultsThe obtained MWF values at 0.55 T are consistent with previously reported ones at higher field strengths. The MWF maps are a considerable improvement over the ones at 3 T. Example fits show that 0.55 T data is better described by an exponential model than 3 T data, making the assumed multi‐exponential model of the NNLS algorithm more accurate.ConclusionThis first assessment shows that mGRE myelin water imaging at 0.55 T is feasible and has the potential to yield better results than at higher fields.
Development of polyamide 6‐graphene oxide nanocomposite and direct‐joining with aluminum alloy for lightweight engineering applications
Authors: Luiz G. M. , Oliveira G. H. M. , Canto L. B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLightweight polyamide composites and structures have been widely studied and employed in several industrial sectors. In this study, the development of a nanocomposite of polyamide 6 and graphene oxide (PA6‐GO) by melt‐compounding and the joining with aluminum alloy AA6061 through direct‐adhesion injection overmolding are addressed. PA6‐GO nanocomposite exhibited well‐dispersed thin (300 nm) GO platelets distributed within the PA6 matrix, which resulted in an increase of 21% in the tensile modulus and 16% in the yield stress for a filler loading of 0.5 wt%. PA6‐GO/AA6061 hybrid joints showed good mechanical anchorage through the complete filling of the polymer into micro‐scale grooves designed onto the metal surface, which ensured outstanding shear strength of 7.1 ± 1.0 MPa, comparable to other polyamide‐metal hybrid joints reported in the literature. This indicates that the processing routes and materials developed are promising for lightweight engineering applications.Highlights
A PA6‐GO nanocomposite with enhanced tensile properties was developed.
A joint of PA6‐GO and AA6061 with outstanding shear strength was obtained.
Fast and efficient melt‐processing routes were employed.
These materials are promising for lightweight engineering applications.
PECVD and PEALD on polymer substrates (part II): Understanding and tuning of barrier and membrane properties of thin films
Authors: de los Arcos Teresa , Awakowicz Peter , Böke Marc , Boysen Nils , Brinkmann Ralf Peter , Dahlmann Rainer , Devi Anjana , Eremin Denis , Franke Jonas , Gergs Tobias , Jenderny Jonathan , Kemaneci Efe , Kühne Thomas D. , Kusmierz Simon , Mussenbrock Thomas , Rubner Jens , Trieschmann Jan , Wessling Matthias , Xie Xiaofan , Zanders David , Zysk Frederik , Grundmeier Guido 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis feature article presents insights concerning the correlation of plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition and plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition thin film structures with their barrier or membrane properties. While in principle similar precursor gases and processes can be applied, the adjustment of deposition parameters for different polymer substrates can lead to either an effective diffusion barrier or selective permeabilities. In both cases, the understanding of the film growth and the analysis of the pore size distribution and the pore surface chemistry is of utmost importance for the understanding of the related transport properties of small molecules. In this regard, the article presents both concepts of thin film engineering and analytical as well as theoretical approaches leading to a comprehensive description of the state of the art in this field. Perspectives of future relevant research in this area, exploiting the presented correlation of film structure and molecular transport properties, are presented.
Shear and combustion characterization of printable ammonium perchlorate composite propellant formulations
Authors: Purcell Dylan C. , Hargather Michael J. , Hargather Chelsey Z. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSeven formulations of ammonium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) are developed and their properties relevant for successful additive manufacture are characterized. Extrusion in a custom‐built 3D printing system and spindle viscometry are used to collect viscosity measurements of curing primary and non‐curing secondary versions of the formulations. The formulations that behave similarly to a Bingham plastic, with apparent viscosities between 4 and 8 thousand Pa*s at 30 minutes post‐mix, are determined to be most suitable for printing applications. Measurements of one material show a yield stress of 1 kPa. Ambient pressure burn rates of 2.0–2.9 mm/s were measured for the compositions tested. All measured burn rates were comparable to the lower end of typical burn rates for APCP. The results of the characterization demonstrate a propellant suitable for use in a 3D printing system.
Transgenerational hormesis and sublethal effects of five key insecticides for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda on its endoparasitoid Cotesia marginiventris
Authors: Hou Yang‐Yang , Zang Zhuo‐Yi , Lü Wen‐Jie , Xu Wei , Desneux Nicolas , Zang Lian‐Sheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe endoparasitoid Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) is a promising biological control agent of the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith). Because the application of insecticides is one of the prime choices in pest management, we evaluated the sublethal and transgenerational effects of the five key insecticides—chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, spinetoram, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), and Mamestra brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus (MbNPV)—on the parasitoid.ResultsExposure to five insecticides at a concentration causing 10% mortality (LC10) caused hormetic effects in the parent generation (F0) by increasing the parasitism and reducing the immature duration. Interestingly, the hormetic response was also observed in the offspring generation indirectly exposed to the insecticides. Furthermore, insecticides increased the parasitism rate by 6.32–14.73% in the F1 generation, which was similar to that of the F0 generation (3.96–11.81%) compared with the control. No significant adverse effect was observed on the number of emerged parasitoids of the F1 and F2 generations. However, insecticides had a detrimental impact on body size and fecundity in the F1 and F2 generations, which showed a small body size with shorter hind tibiae and a significant reduction in the female ratio compared with the control; the exception was that chlorantraniliprole significantly improved the female ratio in the F2 generation.ConclusionsFive insecticides at LC10 induced transgenerational hormetic and sublethal effects on C. marginiventris. Our results provide a scientific basis for a better understanding of the long‐term impacts of insecticides at sublethal doses on parasitoids, facilitating the development of improved integrated pest management programs for FAW control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
1,2,4‐Triazole benzamide derivative TPB against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici as a novel dual‐target fungicide inhibiting ergosterol synthesis and adenine nucleotide transferase function
Authors: Wang Limin , Song Xiaoyu , Cheng Yi‐nan , Cheng Senxiang , Chen Tong , Li Honglian , Yan Jingming , Wang Xiafei , Zhou Haifeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIsopropyl 4‐(2‐chloro‐6‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)benzamido)benzoate (TPB) was a 1,2,4‐triazole benzoyl arylamine derivative with excellent antifungal activity, especially against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt). Its mechanism of action was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, assays of sterol composition, cell membrane permeability, intracellular ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential, and mPTP permeability, ROS measurement, RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis.RESULTSTPB interfered with ergosterol synthesis, reducing ergosterol content, increasing toxic intermediates, and finally causing biomembrane disruption such as increasing cell membrane permeability and content leakage, and destruction of organelle membranes such as coarse endoplasmic reticulum and vacuole. Moreover, TPB destroyed the function of adenine nucleotide transferase (ANT), leading to ATP transport obstruction in mitochondria, inhibiting mPTP opening, inducing intracellular ROS accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential loss, finally resulting in mitochondrial damage including mitochondria swelled, mitochondrial membrane dissolved, and cristae destroyed and reduced. RNA‐seq analyses showed that TPB increased the expression of ERG11, ERG24, ERG6, ERG5, ERG3 and ERG2 genes in ergosterol synthesis pathway, interfered with the expression of genes (NDUFS5, ATPeV0E, NCA2 and Pam17) related to mitochondrial structure, and inhibited the expression of genes (WrbA and GST) related to anti‐oxidative stress.CONCLUSIONSTPB exhibited excellent antifungal activity against Ggt by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis and destroying ANT function. So, TPB was a novel compound with dual‐target mechanism of action and can be considered a promising novel fungicide for the control of wheat Take‐all. The results provided new guides for the structural design of active compounds and powerful tools for pathogen resistance management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Bayesian spatial analysis of fertility and multidimensional poverty in municipalities of Mexico 2020
Authors: Medina Gerardo Núñez , Pérez Patricia Catalina Medina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe low fertility levels observed in Mexico in recent years have been accompanied by high levels of poverty. The paper analyzes the effect of multidimensional poverty on the observed levels of fertility at the municipal level, that is, the relationship between the spatial dispersion of fertility and the observed levels of poverty. The analysis is based on the application of two hierarchical Bayesian models, the first one representing a spatial field that adjusts the behaviour of the total fertility rate and a second one that adds the effect of the poverty covariate to the spatial field. The results show that an increase in municipal poverty levels would cause a significant increase in fertility rates, which is evidenced by the formation of spatial clusters where high levels of fertility and poverty are observed.
Quantum Metrology in the Noisy Intermediate‐Scale Quantum Era
Authors: Jiao Lin , Wu Wei , Bai Si‐Yuan , An Jun‐Hong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractQuantum metrology pursues the physical realization of higher‐precision measurements to physical quantities than the classically achievable limit by exploiting quantum features, such as entanglement and squeezing, as resources. It has potential applications in developing next‐generation frequency standards, magnetometers, radar, and navigation. However, the ubiquitous decoherence in the quantum world degrades the quantum resources and forces the precision back to or even worse than the classical limit, which is called the no‐go theorem of noisy quantum metrology and greatly hinders its applications. Therefore, how to realize the promised performance of quantum metrology in realistic noisy situations attracts much attention in recent years. The principle, categories, and applications of quantum metrology are reviewed. Special attention is paid to different quantum resources that can bring quantum superiority in enhancing sensitivity. Then, the no‐go theorem of noisy quantum metrology and its active control under different kinds of noise‐induced decoherence situations are introduced.
An Advanced Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Xian Chunxiang , Zhang Shengzhao , Liu Ping , Huang Lei , He Xinping , Shen Shenghui , Cao Feng , Liang Xinqi , Wang Chen , Wan Wangjun , Zhang Yongqi , Liu Xin , Zhong Yu , Xia Yang , Chen Minghua , Zhang Wenkui , Xia Xinhui , Tu Jiangping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are regarded as one of the most viable energy storage devices and their comprehensive properties are mainly controlled by solid electrolytes and interface compatibility. This work proposes an advanced poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) based gel polymer electrolyte (AP‐GPEs) via functional superposition strategy, which involves incorporating butyl acrylate and polyethylene glycol diacrylate as elastic optimization framework, triethyl phosphate and fluoroethylene carbonate as flameproof liquid plasticizers, and Li7La3Zr2O12 nanowires (LLZO‐w) as ion‐conductive fillers, endowing the designed AP‐GPEs/LLZO‐w membrane with high mechanical strength, excellent flexibility, low flammability, low activation energy (0.137 eV), and improved ionic conductivity (0.42 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 20 °C) due to continuous ionic transport pathways. Additionally, the AP‐GPEs/LLZO‐w membrane shows good safety and chemical/electrochemical compatibility with the lithium anode, owing to the synergistic effect of LLZO‐w filler, flexible frameworks, and flame retardants. Consequently, the LiFePO4/Li batteries assembled with AP‐GPEs/LLZO‐w electrolyte exhibit enhanced cycling performance (87.3% capacity retention after 600 cycles at 1 C) and notable high‐rate capacity (93.3 mAh g−1 at 5 C). This work proposes a novel functional superposition strategy for the synthesis of high‐performance comprehensive GPEs for LMBs.
Efficient Carrier Transport in 2D Bi2O2Se/CsBi3I10 Perovskite Heterojunction Enables Highly‐Sensitive Broadband Photodetection
Authors: Dang Le‐Yang , Wei Zhan , Guo Jing , Cui Tian‐Hao , Wang Yongjie , Han Jie‐Cai , Wang Gui‐Gen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract2D Bi2O2Se has recently garnered significant attention in the electronics and optoelectronics fields due to its remarkable photosensitivity, broad spectral absorption, and excellent long‐term environmental stability. However, the development of integrated Bi2O2Se photodetector with high performance and low‐power consumption is limited by material synthesis method and the inherent high carrier concentration of Bi2O2Se. Here, a type‐I heterojunction is presented, comprising 2D Bi2O2Se and lead‐free bismuth perovskite CsBi3I10, for fast response and broadband detection. Through effective charge transfer and strong coupling effect at the interfaces of Bi2O2Se and CsBi3I10, the response time is accelerated to 4.1 µs, and the detection range is expanded from ultraviolet to near‐infrared spectral regions (365–1500 nm). The as‐fabricated photodetector exhibits a responsivity of 48.63 AW−1 and a detectivity of 1.22×1012 Jones at 808 nm. Moreover, efficient modulation of the dominant photocurrent generation mechanism from photoconductive to photogating effect leads to sensitive response exceeding 103 AW−1 for heterojunction‐based photo field effect transistor (photo‐FETs). Utilizing the large‐scale growth of both Bi2O2Se and CsBi3I10, the as‐fabricated integrated photodetector array demonstrates outstanding homogeneity and stability of photo‐response performance. The proposed 2D Bi2O2Se/CsBi3I10 perovskite heterojunction holds promising prospects for the future‐generation photodetector arrays and integrated optoelectronic systems.
Preparation Strategies, Functional Regulation, and Applications of Multifunctional Nanomaterials‐Based DNA Hydrogels
Authors: Qiao Lu , Zhao Yue , Zhang Mingjuan , Tao Yani , Xiao Yao , Zhang Ni , Zhang Yi , Zhu Yuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith the extensive attention of DNA hydrogels in biomedicine, biomaterial, and other research fields, more and more functional DNA hydrogels have emerged to match the various needs. Incorporating nanomaterials into the hydrogel network is an emerging strategy for functional DNA hydrogel construction. Surprisingly, nanomaterials‐based DNA hydrogels can be engineered to possess favorable properties, such as dynamic mechanical properties, excellent optical properties, particular electrical properties, perfect encapsulation properties, improved magnetic properties, and enhanced antibacterial properties. Herein, the preparation strategies of nanomaterials‐based DNA hydrogels are first highlighted and then different nanomaterial designs are used to demonstrate the functional regulation of DNA hydrogels to achieve specific properties. Subsequently, representative applications in biosensing, drug delivery, cell culture, and environmental protection are introduced with some selected examples. Finally, the current challenges and prospects are elaborated. The study envisions that this review will provide an insightful perspective for the further development of functional DNA hydrogels.
Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography in Hedysarum (Hedysareae, Fabaceae) with a focus on Central Asian taxa
Authors: Juramurodov Inom , Makhmudjanov Dilmurod , Liu Pei‐Liang , Yusupov Ziyoviddin , Nikitina Elena , Deng Tao , Tojibaev Komiljon , Sun Hang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCentral Asia, especially the Tian‐Shan and Pamir‐Alay, is a biodiversity hotspot for Hedysarum (Fabaceae) with a high number of endemic species. However, to date, studies of the genus Hedysarum based on molecular data have included only a few species distributed in this region. To fill this gap, we analysed 110 Hedysarum species, 36 of which were from the Tian‐Shan and Pamir‐Alay Mountains of Central Asia. We performed phylogenetic analyses, divergence time estimates, and biogeographic analyses using both the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA ITS) and three plastid DNA (cpDNA) sequences (trnL‐trnF, matK, psbA‐trnH). Our phylogenetic analysis grouped the species of Hedysarum into three sections: H. sect. Hedysarum, sect. Multicaulia, and sect. Stracheya, which are largely consistent with previous phylogenetic classifications. Accordingly, most of the Central Asian species we studied (28 spp.) were placed in H. subsect. Crinifera within H. sect. Multicaulia. Our divergence time and biogeographic analyses indicate that Hedysarum likely originated in West Asia and/or East Asia during the Early Miocene or Middle Miocene and subsequently dispersed to adjacent areas of Eurasia, as well as North America via the Bering Land Bridge. The likely area of origin for H. sect. Multicaulia is West Asia, while East Asia appears to be the center of origin for H. sect. Hedysarum and sect. Stracheya. In addition, we suggest that the rapid radiation of the species of H. subsect. Crinifera occurred in the Tian‐Shan and Pamir‐Alay Mountains, as well as the Turkish‐Iranian Plateau, and that geological and climatic changes were the main causes of speciation in Hedysarum.
Precision genetics tools for genetic improvement of banana
Authors: Tripathi Jaindra Nath , Ntui Valentine Otang , Tripathi Leena 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBanana is an important food security crop for millions of people in the tropics but it faces challenges from diseases and pests. Traditional breeding methods have limitations, prompting the exploration of precision genetic tools like genetic modification and genome editing. Extensive efforts using transgenic approaches have been made to develop improved banana varieties with resistance to banana Xanthomonas wilt, Fusarium wilt, and nematodes. However, these efforts should be extended for other pests, diseases, and abiotic stresses. The commercialization of transgenic crops still faces continuous challenges with regulatory and public acceptance. Genome editing, particularly CRISPR/Cas, offers precise modifications to the banana genome and has been successfully applied in the improvement of banana. Targeting specific genes can contribute to the development of improved banana varieties with enhanced resistance to various biotic and abiotic constraints. This review discusses recent advances in banana improvement achieved through genetic modification and genome editing.
Thermal effects in freeze-in neutrino dark mater production
Authors: Abada A. , Arcadi G. , Lucente M. , Piazza G. , Rosauro-Alcaraz S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We present a detailed study of the production of dark matter in the form of a sterile neutrino via freeze-in from decays of heavy right-handed neutrinos. Our treatment accounts for thermal effects in the effective couplings, generated via neutrino mixing, of the new heavy neutrinos with the Standard Model gauge and Higgs bosons and can be applied to several low-energy fermion seesaw scenarios featuring heavy neutrinos in thermal equilibrium with the primordial plasma. We find that the production of dark matter is not as suppressed as to what is found when considering only Standard Model gauge interactions. Our study shows that the freeze-in dark matter production could be efficient.