bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recyclable Heterogeneous Rh/SiO2 Catalyst Enhanced by Organic PPh3 Ligand
Authors: Zhu Hejun , Ding Yunjie , Yan Li , Lu Yuan , Li Can , Bao Xinhe , Lin Liwu 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Heterogeneous PPh3–Rh/SiO2 catalysts for hydroformylation of olefins, prepared by direct doping of phosphine onto the heterogeneous Rh/SiO2 precursor, exhibited high activity and selectivity towards aldehydes, which originated from chemical coordination bond between the phosphine and Rh metal nanoparticles on the SiO2 support.
A New Approach to Fabricate Sulfur Nanotubes
Authors: Jia Chong , Liu Weifeng , Jin Chuangui , Zhang Bei , Yao Lianzeng , Cai Weili , Li Xiaoguang 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Sulfur nanotubes have been synthesized by injecting liquid sulfur into the gaps between the Zn nanowires and the surrounding nanochannels of an anodic alumina membrane (AAM) template under high CS2 vapor pressure.
Tridentate Aryloxide Ligands: New Supporting Ligands in Coordination Chemistry of Early Transition Metals
Authors: Matsuo Tsukasa , Kawaguchi Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
The use of covalently linked multidentate ligands is a very useful concept in coordination and organometallic chemistry. This article gives an account of the syntheses and structures of metal complexes supported by linear-linked aryloxide trimer ligands, in which aryloxide units are connected at ortho positions through methylene linkers.
Visualizing an Artificial Recombination Pattern Formed by Localized Illumination in a Semiconductor
Authors: Sato Toshiyuki , Yokoyama Hidekatsu , Ohya Hiroaki 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) imaging is a method to investigate the distribution of a paramagnetic recombination center in semiconductor materials. The EDMR image of a rectangular silicon plate (width, 2 mm; length, 20 mm; thickness, 0.5 mm; resistance, 5 kΩ·cm) was obtained under partial light illumination that was limited to the center of the sample. The sample had a native uniform distribution of paramagnetic recombination center and showed no EDMR signal without illumination. Low or high intensity area was located at the center (illuminated area) or sides (nonilluminated area) in the EDMR image. The patterns were the same when the opposite direction of the DC current was applied to the sample.
Wrapping of Bio-macromolecules (Dextran, Amylopectin, and Horse Heart Cytochrome c) with Ultrathin Silicate Layer
Authors: Ichinose Izumi , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Kunitake Toyoki 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
We report a novel visualization technique of linear dextran and dendritic amylopectin structures by means of selective deposition of an ultrathin silicate layer along sugar chains. This technique was also useful for visualizing an isolated cytochrome c molecule.
Synthesis of Pt–Ru Nanoporous Fibers by the Nanoscale Casting Process Using Supercritical CO2 for Electrocatalytic Applications
Authors: Wakayama Hiroaki , Hatanaka Tatsuya , Fukushima Yoshiaki 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
The Pt–Ru nanoporous fibers prepared by the nanoscale casting process using supercritical fluids (NC-SCF), templating process using SCFs, retained the structure with the high surface area and fibrous shape of the activated carbon template and exhibited a high activity as the anode catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells.
Behaviour of Cadmium(II) Ions on Cation-Exchange Resins
Authors: Kocaoba Sevgi 
Published: April 2004

Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metals known and is considered inessential for living organisms. This element is found at low concentrations in natural environments, but human activities have led to increased levels in all continents. In the present study, the removal of cadmium(II) ions from aqueous solutions was investigated. Experimental investigations were undertaken using the ion-exchange resins Amberlite IR 120 (strongly acidic), Amberlite IRC 718 (weakly acidic and chelating), Lewatit TP 207 (weakly acidic and chelating) and Lewatit CNP 80 (weakly acidic). For investigations of the exchange equilibria, different amounts of resin material were contacted with a fixed volume of a cadmium ion-containing solution. Because the uptake of cadmium ions was mainly dominated by the pH of the liquid phase, the pH value was varied between 0 and 3 with sample sizes of 0.5–5.0 g in each series studied. The initial and final cadmium ion concentrations were measured by ICP–AES methods. Exchange equilibria were evaluated for strongly and weakly acidic resins via the surface complex formation theory that considers the sorption of ions as a local equilibrium reaction caused by the amphoteric behaviour of the surface. Application of this theory to exchange equilibria with ordinary and chelating weak acid exchange resins capable of releasing protons led to a comprehensive description of the systems. Binary equilibria were described by a logarithmic equilibrium parameter that was a linear function of the resin phase. For the evaluation of the equilibrium parameters, the generalized separation factors were calculated from the experimental data and plotted against the respective dimensionless resin loadings. Linear relationships were obtained in most cases although systematic deviations were found for small loadings.
Adsorption and Interfacial Properties of the Cationic Gemini Surfactant of Ethanediyl-α,β-Bis(Cetyldimethylammonium Bromide)
Authors: Liao Wen-Sheng , Bi Zhi-Chu 
Published: April 2004

The cationic gemini surfactant ethanediyl-α,β-bis(cetyldimethylammonium bromide (16-2-16) was synthesized and characterized. Aggregation of the surfactant molecules was established by surface tension measurements and viscosity methods. Some thermodynamic parameters, such as the adsorption capacity of the surface, the molecular area associated with adsorption and the free energy of micellization, were calculated from plots of the surface tension versus the concentration. The dynamic surface and interfacial tensions were measured using the pendant drop method at the air/water surface and the dodecane/water interface. The experimental curve was close to the orientation and interaction models of the surface equations of state. In comparison to conventional cationic surfactants, 16-2-16 has a very low critical micellar concentration (cmc), a higher level of surface adsorption and a lower adsorption molecular area. Due to its unique molecular structure and size, 16-2-16 adsorbs at surfaces and interfaces, but requires a considerable amount of time to attain adsorption equilibrium.
Adsorption of Hydrocarbon Chloro-Derivatives onto DTO Commercial Activated Carbon from Multi-Component Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Pelech Robert , Bembnowska Anna , Milchert Eugeniusz 
Published: April 2004

The adsorption equilibrium of seven chlorohydrocarbons in single- and multi-component aqueous solutions was investigated. The experimental data and theoretical analysis for the adsorption equilibria of chloroform (CHCl3), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), 1,2-dichloroethane (12DCE), 1,1,2,2-tetra-chloroethane (S-TET), vinylidene chloride (VDC), trichloroethylene (TRI) and tetrachloroethylene (PER) onto DTO activated carbon from single- and multi-component aqueous solutions were presented. Correlation of the experimental data was performed for a single-component solution using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The composition of the mixture included all the above-mentioned chloro-derivatives. It was confirmed that the extent to which the component with a higher adsorption affinity in the multi-component solution was adsorbed was not influenced by components having a lower affinity in the mixture, irrespective of their concentration. The experimental data for both single- and multi-component adsorption allowed the development of a method for calculating the adsorption from a multi-component solution that was then used to correlate the data. The results of adsorption from multi-component equilibria were also correlated using the Langmuir and the Freundlich–Langmuir equations extended for multi-component solutions.
Erratum: “Some Analytic Results for the Study of Broadband Noise Radiation from Wings, Propellers and Jets in Uniform Motion” [Int. J. Aeroacoustics, Vol. 2, No. 3 & 4, pp. 335 - 350 (2003)]
Authors: Farassat F. , Casper J. 
Published: April 2004

The definitions of the functions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in Equation (14) on page 343 were incorrect as printed. Equation (14) should read as follows: [Formula: see text]
Denaturing-HPLC-Based Assay for Detection of ABL Mutations in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Resistant to Imatinib
Authors: Soverini Simona , Martinelli Giovanni , Amabile Marilina , Poerio Angela , Bianchini Michele , Rosti Gianantonio , Pane Fabrizio , Saglio Giuseppe , Baccarani Michele ,   the Italian Cooperative Study Group on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (icsg-cml),   the European LeukemiaNet—6th Framework Program of the European Community
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Background: Despite the efficacy of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor Imatinib mesylate for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), resistance has been observed in a proportion of cases, especially those with advanced stages of the disease. Point mutations within the ABL kinase domain are emerging as the most frequent mechanism for reactivation of kinase activity within the leukemic clone.
Methods: We developed a denaturing-HPLC (D-HPLC)-based assay for screening for ABL point mutations. For each sample, two partially overlapping fragments of 393 and 482 bp corresponding to the kinase domain were amplified by nested reverse transcription-PCR and analyzed under selected temperature and acetonitrile gradient conditions. Fifty-one bone marrow and/or peripheral blood specimens from 27 CML patients who showed cytogenetic resistance to Imatinib were screened in parallel by D-HPLC and by direct sequencing.
Results: In 12 of 27 (44%) patients, D-HPLC showed an abnormal elution profile suggesting the presence of a nucleotide change. Direct sequencing confirmed the presence of a point mutation in all cases. Conversely, all samples scored as wild type by D-HPLC showed no evidence of mutations by direct sequencing. In two cases, novel amino acid substitutions at codons already known for being hot-spots of mutation were identified (F311I and E355D).
Conclusions: The proposed D-HPLC-based assay is highly specific and at least as sensitive as sequencing; with respect to the latter, it provides a much faster and less expensive semiautomated system for mutational screening. It may therefore potentially be a valuable tool for regular, large-scale testing of patients undergoing Imatinib treatment.
Electrical Conductances of Tetrabutylammonium Bromide, Sodium Tetraphenylborate and Sodium Bromide in 2-Ethoxyethanol in the Temperature Range 35–50°C
Authors: Haldar Purushottam , Das Bijan 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
The electrical conductances of the solutions of tetrabutylammonium bromide (Bu4NBr), sodium tetraphenylborate (NaPh4B) and sodium bromide (NaBr) in 2-ethoxyethanol have been reported at 35, 40, 45 and 50°C. The conductance data have been analyzed by the 1978 Fuoss conductance–concentration equation in terms of the limiting molar conductance (Λ0), the association constant (K
Λ) and the association diameter (R). The ionic contributions to the limiting molar conductances (Λ0) have been estimated using the “reference electrolyte” tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate (Bu4NPh4B). Appreciable ionic association was observed for all of these electrolytes which were found to exist in the form of solvent-separated ion-pairs in 2-ethoxyethanol. The tetrabutylammonium and tetraphenylborate ions are found to remain scarcely solvated whereas the sodium and bromide ions undergo substantial solvation in 2-ethoxyethanol medium in the temperature range investigated here.
Pharmacodynamic Profile of Prolonged Etoposide Administration in Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer and Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Higa Gerald M. , Sarkar Mohamadi A. , DeVore Russell F. 
Published: April 2004

Study Objective. To determine whether therapeutic drug monitoring can enhance administration of etoposide in patients with drug‐responsive neoplasms.Design. Prospective, open‐label study.Setting. University‐affiliated hospital and cancer center.Patients. Sixteen patients with small cell lung cancer or low‐grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma.Interventions. Patients were treated with etoposide, 25 mg/m2/day over 24 hours by continuous infusion for 35 days. Peripheral blood samples were collected twice a week to measure etoposide levels. Plasma was separated, frozen and stored at −20°C until assayed.Measurements and Main Results. Steady‐state plasma etoposide concentrations (ECpss) were determined and used to calculate total systemic clearance (Clsys). Despite differences in dosage and administration schedules, etoposide Clsys was similar to previous reports. In addition, a biexponential relationship between ECpss and absolute neutrophil count was demonstrated by nonlinear least squares estimation. Values generated from this equation indicated that ECpss above 1.5 μg/ml was strongly associated with grade III–IV leukocyte toxicity. Although less precise, there may also be a correlation between ECpss and antitumor activity.Conclusion. Based on these findings, we propose a pharmacodynamic construct that uses measurements of both pharmacokinetic (ECpss, Clsys) and pharmacodynamic (hematologic toxicity, tumor response) parameters for patients with etoposide‐sensitive tumors. Therapeutic drug monitoring may be able to mitigate hematologic toxicity.
Comparison of 24‐Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Data in Hypertensive Patients Switched from Nifedipine‐GITS to Nifedipine‐CC
Authors: Wurdeman Richard L. , Mooss Aryan N. , Mohiuddin Syed M. , Lucas B. Daniel , Ryschon Kay L. , Hilleman Daniel E. 
Published: April 2004

Study Objective. To evaluate 24‐hour blood pressure control and frequency of adverse effects in patients with mild to moderate hypertension switched from nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system (Nif‐GITS) to nifedipine coat core (Nif‐CC).Design. Open‐label, prospective, switch study.Setting. University‐affiliated outpatient cardiology clinic.Subjects. Twenty patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension, who were taking Nif‐GITS 30, 60, or 90 mg/day for 8 weeks or longer.Interventions. Patients stabilized with Nif‐GITS 30, 60, or 90 mg were monitored over 24 hours with an ambulatory blood pressure monitor and were then switched to an equivalent dosage of Nif‐CC. After 8 weeks ± 1 week taking Nif‐CC, they were again monitored with a 24‐hour blood pressure monitor. The 24‐hour blood pressure load (percentage of values > 135/85 mm Hg for 24 hrs), daytime blood pressure load (percentage of values > 140/90 mm Hg from 7:00 a.m.–10:00 p.m.), nighttime blood pressure load (percentage of values > 120/80 mm Hg from 10:00 p.m.–7:00 a.m.), diurnal blood pressure variation, average 24‐hour blood pressure, daytime blood pressure, nighttime blood pressure, mean blood pressure for the first 4 hours, and last 8 hours of the dosing interval were measured. Adverse effects such as headache, dizziness, and edema were also reported.Measurements and Main Results. No differences in average 24 hour‐blood pressure readings were observed but significant differences in blood pressure control during the first 4 and last 8 hours of the dosing interval were seen. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher after approximately 16 hours in patients switched from Nif‐GITS to Nif‐CC. Although Nif‐CC caused a greater initial response, it was less effective than Nif‐GITS after 16 hours. This could explain the lack of differences in average 24‐hour blood pressure values between formulations. Of the 20 patients, 20% experienced increased headaches, 20% showed signs of increased peripheral edema, and 10% reported occasional dizziness after switching agents. Three patients discontinued Nif‐CC, two as ordered by their primary care physician and one on his own due to headache.Conclusion. This study suggests that patients switched from Nif‐GITS to Nif‐CC could experience increased blood pressure during the night or toward the end of the dosing interval. They could also experience adverse effects such as headache, edema, and dizziness, which could result in more physician visits and put patients with other disease states such as coronary heart disease at increased risk.
Aging‐Related Rotator Cuff Tears: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Clinical Management
Authors: Wang Ni , Wang Haoyuan , Shen Longxiang , Liu Xudong , Ma Yanhong , Wang Chongyang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractShoulder pain and disabilities are prevalent issues among the elderly population, with rotator cuff tear (RCT) being one of the leading causes. Although surgical treatment has shown some success, high postoperative retear rates remain a great challenge, particularly in elderly patients. Aging‐related degeneration of muscle, tendon, tendon‐to‐bone enthesis, and bone plays a critical role in the development and prognosis of RCT. Studies have demonstrated that aging worsens muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration, alters tendon structure and biomechanical properties, exacerbates enthesis degeneration, and reduces bone density. Although recent researches have contributed to understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of aging‐related RCT, a comprehensive systematic review of this topic is still lacking. Therefore, this article aims to present a review of the pathophysiological changes and their clinical significance, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying aging‐related RCT, with the goal of shedding light on new therapeutic approaches to reduce the occurrence of aging‐related RCT and improve postoperative prognosis in elderly patients.
Effects of Trace Zn on the Deformation Mechanisms of Mg–Gd–Y–Zr Alloy Investigated by In Situ Synchrotron Diffraction
Authors: Liu Weiqing , Dai Chao , Liu Jinwei , Lin Chaohui , Chi Yuanqing , Sun Wanting , Zheng Mingyi 
Published: January 2024

Addition of trace Zn can impose notable effect on the deformation behavior of Mg–Gd–Y–Zr alloy, while the underlying mechanisms have not been revealed. In the present work, Mg–8.5Gd–2.5Y–0.3Zr (wt%) (0Zn) and Mg–8.5Gd–2.5Y–0.5Zn–0.3Zr (wt%) (0.5Zn) alloys are fabricated by casting and extrusion, to obtain a bimodal microstructure containing fine dynamic recrystallized (DRXed) grains and coarse unDRXed grains. The as‐extruded 0Zn and 0.5Zn alloys are studied by in situ synchrotron diffraction under uniaxial tension and compression to clarify the effect of trace Zn on the deformation mechanisms. It is found that both alloys exhibit stress softening in the basal slip‐favored grains under both tension and compression, and adding trace Zn highly enhances the stress softening. Furthermore, the addition of Zn stimulates the occurrence of discontinuous yielding which is in connection with the stress softening, resulting from the interaction between basal dislocations and solute atmospheres. The tension–compression‐yielding symmetry of the alloy is improved by adding Zn, which is mainly attributed to the suppression effect of γ′ phases and Gd/Y–Zn dimers on tensile twinning. Finally, the addition of Zn can promote the tensile and compressive strength, owing to the strength enhancement of the relevant deformation modes and the increase of the fraction of unDRXed regions.
Silicon‐Compatible Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions with a SiO2/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2Composite Barrier as Low‐Voltage and Ultra‐High‐Speed Memristors
Authors: Wang He , Guan Zeyu , Li Jiachen , Luo Zhen , Du Xinzhe , Wang Zijian , Zhao Haoyu , Shen Shengchun , Yin Yuewei , Li Xiaoguang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe big data era requires ultrafast, low‐power, and silicon‐compatible materials and devices for information storage and processing. Here, ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) based on SiO2/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2composite barrier and both conducting electrodes are designed and fabricated on Si substrates. The FTJ achieves the fastest write speed of 500 ps under 5 V (2 orders of magnitude faster than reported silicon‐compatible FTJs) or 10 ns speed at a low voltage of 1.5 V (the lowest voltage among FTJs at similar speeds), low write current density of 1.3 × 104A cm−2, 8 discrete states, good retention > 105s at 85 °C, and endurance > 107. In addition, it provides a large read current (88 A cm−2) at 0.1 V, 2 orders of magnitude larger than reported FTJs. Interestingly, in FTJ‐based synapses, gradually tunable conductance states (128 states) with high linearity (<1) are obtained by 10 ns pulses of <1.2 V, and a high accuracy of 91.8% in recognizing fashion product images is achieved by online neural network simulations. These results highlight that silicon‐compatible HfO2‐based FTJs are promising for high‐performance nonvolatile memories and electrical synapses.
Role of income and policy in reducing water pollution: Evidence from the Mississippi River Basin Healthy Watersheds Initiative
Authors: Davis James C. , Paudel Krishna P. , Rupasingha Anil 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe study the effectiveness of the Mississippi River Basin Healthy Watersheds Initiative (MRBI) in reducing nitrogen pollution in surface water bodies. We use a Kitagawa‐Oaxaca‐Blinder (KOB) counterfactual decomposition method to quantify the role of income and policy in reducing nitrogen pollution in waterbodies. Our results show that the MRBI policy for the 2012 cohort of implemented watersheds across five states (Arkansas, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, and Tennessee) experienced a 43% reduction in nitrogen concentrations when comparing the 2009–2011 pre‐treatment period to the 2012–2018 post‐treatment period. Decomposition results show that 79% of the improvement in water quality from policy treatment is derived from an endowment effect, driven mainly by location‐fixed effects that include cross‐sectional mean differences in income, among other characteristics. Results also show that 21% of differences are derived from the coefficient effect or differences in the response of policy‐treated watersheds compared to a set of control watersheds.
Generating Ultrasonic Foliage Echoes with Variational Autoencoders
Authors: Goldsworthy Michael , Müller Rolf 
Published: January 2024

Navigation through dense foliage presents a fundamental challenge to autonomous systems, and achieving a performance level similar to echolocating bats could have important applications in areas such as forestry and farming. However, the clutter echoes originating from such environments have been difficult to analyze. To study the problem of sonar‐based navigation in dense foliage in simulation, an artificial generation system for leaf impulse responses (IRs) based on variational auto‐encoders is proposed. The system is to aid the construction of artificial foliage echo environments. A dataset of leaf echoes was collected in an anechoic chamber and convolved with the original signal to estimate the IR of each leaf. A modified version of the conditional variational autoencoder ‐ generative adversarial network (cVAE‐GAN) architecture was trained successfully on this dataset to produce a generative model that was conditional on leaf viewing angles, size, and species. The IRs generated by the model capture quantitative and qualitative similarity to the measured IRs. It surpasses the previous state of the art foliage echo model based on reflecting disks. The model's computational efficiency and its success suggest its potential use for simulating large environments of foliage to study bat biosonar and aid in engineering biomimetic sonar devices.