bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal study of diurnal variation in baseline fetal heart rate in one dichorionic‐diamniotic twin pregnancy
Authors: Muro Masami , Shono Hideaki , Shono Mayumi , Ito Yuji , Iwasaka Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA longitudinal study to analyse the diurnal variations in baseline fetal heart rate (FHR) and sustained fetal tachycardia (SFT) in twin pregnancy was performed on one dichorionic twin. Twenty‐four hour FHR recordings on twins were made at 32, 34 and 36 weeks of gestation simultaneously. Significant diurnal variations were found in both twins in all gestational weeks. The diurnal variations in baseline FHR of twins were highly correlated with no phase‐lag. No coincidence was recognized in the appearance of SFT between twins. These results suggest the maternal influence equally affects FHR in each fetus of dichorionic twin since 32 weeks of gestation, while the appearance of SFT might be independent from maternal influence.
Diagnostic consideration of Morita shinkeishitsu and DSM‐III‐R
Authors: KITANISHI KENJI , NAKAMURA KEI , MIYAKE YUKO , HASHIMOTO KAZUYUKI , KUBOTA MIKIKO 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to empirically and objectively clarify the diagnostic standing of Morita shinkeishitsu, the subject of Morita therapy, by comparing and contrasting it with the operational diagnosis of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edition, revised; DSM‐III‐R). Morita therapists’ clinical diagnoses of 88 outpatients who requested Morita therapy were compared with the results of the independently conducted operational diagnoses (structured clinical interview for DSM (SCID) for DSM‐III‐R, the Japanese version). In view of the result of axis I diagnoses, Morita shinkeishitsu corresponds to anxiety disorders, although it is a complex that also embodies mood disorders, which were found in one‐quarter of the cases, as well as personality disorders, which were found in half of the cases, especially cluster C (avoidant, obsessive–compulsive, and dependent personality disorders). Morita shinkeishitsu is almost equivalent to anxiety disorders (DSM‐III‐R, axis I), and is a complex, a part of which includes mood disorders and cluster C personality disorders.
Modified Campbell diagram to assess respiratory muscle action in speech
Authors: Johnston Sharn , Yan Sheng , Sliwinski Pawel , Macklem Peter T 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTen normal and four moderate to severe stutterers participated in the study. Pleural (Ppl) and abdominal (Pab) pressure was studied using oesophageal and gastric balloon catheter systems and VL (VL) was studied using magnetometry. The classical Campbell diagram was modified by plotting Pab versus VL. In a preliminary study we determined whether a surrogate curve could be substituted for the true curve in the Campbell diagram. We obtained true relaxation curves in six subjects. We obtained surrogate chest wall relaxation curves by joining the Pab value at functional residual capacity (FRC) to a point on the dynamic expiratory Pab,VL curve where Pab had decreased to half its maximum inspiratory excursion. In order to obtain the mirror image of the elastic recoil curve of the lung subjects breathed slowly from FRC to total lung capacity. Dynamic Pab,VL and Ppl,VL measurements during quiet breathing and speech were superimposed on static lung and chest wall curves. The simultaneous plot of Ppl and Pab provided a continuous measure of transdiaphragmatic pressure as a function of VL. We inferred non‐diaphragmatic muscle recruitment vis‐à‐vis the diaphragm by the relationship of Pab to Ppl and Pab to the relaxation curve. We compared dynamic Ppl during phonation with that during breath‐holding with the glottis open at the same VL, as an estimate of subglottic pressure (Psg). Analysis of variance testing showed that the true, surrogate and predicted relaxation slopes were not significantly different. The strategies that stutterers used to speak were either higher or lower VL than normal subjects and they had a different pattern of respiratory muscle recruitment. Stutterers were unable to achieve the appropriate degree of recruitment to develop and maintain a normal Psg for conversational speech and this contributed to dysfluency. We conclude that the quiet breathing loops can provide a reasonable approximation to the relaxation curve in normal healthy subjects and that modifications to the Campbell diagram provide useful means of measuring Psg and assessing respiratory muscle recruitment patterns.
Macleod’s syndrome presenting with spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Soni Rajeev , Branes David 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA 19‐year‐old woman with a recent history of recurrent bronchitis presented with a spontaneous left pneumothorax. Review of the chest radiographs revealed features of Macleod’s syndrome on the same side, with unilateral lucency and hypoplastic hilar vessels. To our knowledge this is the first report of Macleod’s syndrome presenting with spontaneous pneumothorax.
Multi‐organ failure caused by reactivated coccidioidomycosis without dissemination in a patient with renal transplantation
Authors: Cha Jae Myung , Jung Saera , Bahng Hye Seung , Lim Chae Man , Han Duck Jong , Woo Jun Hee , Koh Younsuck 
Published: March 2003

Objective:The acute respiratory failure caused by pulmonary coccidioidomycosis without dissemination is an extremely unusual event. Case Report: We report a 47‐year‐old renal transplanted man with a reactivated pulmonary coccidioidomycosis, whose clinical course presented as fulminant respiratory failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation and profound hypotension mimicking bacterial pneumonia and septic shock. Lung biopsy showed conglomerated necrotizing granulomas containing many spherules filled with endospores of Coccidioides immitis. Conclusion: Coccidioidomycosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute sepsis, particularly in an immunocompromised host who has travelled in an endemic area.
Cartilaginous injury limits cryopreservation of tracheal isograft
Authors: Kumon Bing C. , Shiraishi Takeshi , Makihata Satoshi , Kawahara Katsunobu , Shirakusa Takayuki 
Published: March 2003

Objective:Histological recovery of tracheal grafts after cryopreservation was investigated using a rat heterotopic tracheal transplant model in order to evaluate the clinical applicability of tracheal cryopreservation. Methodology: Heterotopic syngeneic tracheal transplantation was performed between F344 rats. Recipient animals received either a non‐cryopreserved or a cryopreserved tracheal graft for direct comparison with regard to the effect of cryo‐injury. In the non‐cryopreserved group (CP(–)), tracheal segments were transplanted syngeneically between F344 rats immediately after harvest. Grafts were implanted into the abdominal space and wrapped with the greater omentum. In the cryopreserved group (CP(+)), grafts were implanted after cryopreservation for 7 days at –85°C. Recipient rats were killed on days 7, 14, 21, 28, and at 2 months after surgery. Epithelial regeneration and cartilage changes were evaluated using a semiquantitative four grade scoring system. Results: Squamous epithelium without ciliated structure was observed on day 7 in both groups. Bronchial epithelium was then regenerated gradually and normally ciliated epithelium was observed on day 28 in both groups. The condition of the epithelium was still well maintained in the CP(–) group at 2 months post‐transplantation; however, a severe epithelial defect was observed in the CP(+) group. Bronchial cartilage showed a normal shape and mostly viable chondrocytes with proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive staining at all time points in the CP(–) group until 2 months after surgery. However, in the CP(+) group, a massive loss of viable chondrocytes was observed at 2 months post‐transplantation. Macroscopically, CP(+) grafts showed a diminished structure without satisfactory airway lumen at 2 months. Conclusion: The epithelium of a tracheal graft can be temporarily recovered after implantation followed by 7 days cryopreservation. However, bronchial cartilage may be severely damaged by freezing, which results in late destruction with loss of viable chondrocytes. It is suggested here that establishing a method of safe cryopreservation for tracheal cartilage will be imperative to making tracheal cryopreservation possible.
A randomized trial of peak‐flow and symptom‐based action plans in adults with moderate‐to‐severe asthma
Authors: ADAMS ROBERT J. , BOATH KAREN , HOMAN SEAN , CAMPBELL DONALD A. , RUFFIN RICHARD E. 
Published: March 2003

Objective: Peak flow meters (PFM) continue to be recommended as an important part of asthma self‐management plans. It remains unclear if there is an advantage in using PFM in people with moderate‐to severe asthma who are not poor perceivers of bronchoconstriction.Methodology: Prospective, randomized controlled trial of 134 adults with moderate‐to‐severe
asthma who did not have evidence of poor perception of bronchoconstriction on histamine
challenge testing, who were recruited from inpatients and outpatients of a university
teaching hospital. Comparison was made over 12 months of the effectiveness of written
action plans using either peak flow monitoring or symptoms to guide management. Subjects
were contacted at monthly intervals by telephone for reinforcement and evaluation
of use of the action plans, and to provide ongoing education. Spirometry and PD20 histamine were measured at 3‐monthly intervals. Measures of health care utilization and morbidity (asthma exacerbations; hospitalizations; emergency department (ED) visits; days absent from work or school due to asthma; medication use and a self‐rating of asthma severity) were made monthly. A psychosocial questionnaire (attitudes and beliefs, state‐trait anxiety, denial) was given at entry and at 12‐months or at withdrawal from the study.Results: There were significant improvements for both groups for hospitalizations, ED visits,
days off from school or work, and PD20 histamine, but no between‐group
differences. Appropriate use of action plans was 85% in the symptoms group
and 86% in the PFM group. For all subjects, those who subsequently had an
ED visit had significantly higher levels of denial (P = 0.04) and lower scores
for self‐confidence (P = 0.04), compared to those who did not have an ED visit.Conclusions: Use of written action plans, combined with regular contact to reinforce self‐management, improved airway reactivity and reduced health care utilization. However, use of PFM was not superior to symptom‐based plans.
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in a patient with systemic mastocytosis
Authors: MOCHIZUKI Hiroyuki , MORIKAWA Akihiro , KUROSAWA Motohiro 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:In order to investigate the possible involvement of airway mast cells in bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), we examined whether a patient with systemic mastocytosis would demonstrate BHR against ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW) and histamine inhalation challenge. A 56‐year‐old man with systemic mastocytosis underwent both UNDW and histamine inhalation challenge. We also evaluated the effect of beclomethasone dipropionate inhalation (BDI) treatment on the histamine inhalation challenge. The results showed that UNDW inhalation caused no changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) for this patient. The provocative dose causing a 20% fall (PC20) in FEV1 in the histamine inhalation challenge was 625 μg/mL. After BDI treatment for 8 weeks, the histamine PC20 was still 625 μg/mL. These data suggest that UNDW‐induced bronchoconstriction may be independent of airway mast cells and that the mechanism of histamine‐induced bronchoconstriction in systemic mastocytosis may be independent of airway inflammation, which is often present in asthmatics.
Cavitary sarcoidosis: Analysis of two cases
Authors: ÖZSEKER Z. Ferhan , YILMAZ Adnan , BAYRAMGÜRLER Birol , GÜNEYLIOGLU Döndü 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:The most commonly encountered radiological finding in sarcoidosis is bilateral hilar lymph node enlargement. Cavitation is extremely rare and the acute cavitary form is seen infrequently in young adults with acinar or nodular sarcoidosis. This unusual form of sarcoidosis may be misdiagnosed and treated as tuberculosis in countries where the prevalence of tuberculosis is high. Herein, we report on two patients with cavitary sarcoidosis who had been misdiagnosed and treated for tuberculosis.
Extrafloral nectaries and chemical signals of Fallopia japonica and Fallopia sachalinensis (Polygonaceae), and their roles as defense systems against insect herbivory
Authors: Kawano Shoichi , Azuma Hiroshi , Ito Motomi , Suzuki Kunio 
Published: March 2003

AbstractExtrafloral nectaries formed at the petiole base and periphery of stem nodes of two Fallopia species, Fallopia japonica (= Polygonum cuspidatum) and Fallopia sachalinensis (= Polygonum sachalinense), were examined anatomically, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were made, and the sugar contents of the nectar were analyzed. Ants and other insect species attracted to the extrafloral nectaries were collected and identified, and insect herbivores were observed, collected and identified. Volatile substances were emitted from damaged leaves after insect predation was chemically determined, and a herbivore‐induced leaf volatile, (E)‐4,8‐dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene, as a general parasitoid attractant, was emitted 4–6 h after leaf damage. Complex plant–insect interactions in two Fallopia species are discussed in light of the evidence obtained in the present study, and the roles of extrafloral nectaries in combination with chemical signals for defense of insect herbivory are evaluated.
The function of each sepal in pollinator behavior and effective pollination in Aconitum japonicum var. montanum
Authors: Fukuda Yoko , Suzuki Kazuo , Murata Jin 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe flower in Aconitum has five violet sepals. Its morphology is unique and thought to be adapted for pollination by bumblebees. To assess the adaptive significance of Aconitum flower morphology, we examined the function of the five sepals in bumblebee‐pollination. We manipulated the flower by removing the sepals and then observed and measured bumblebee pollination efficiency in a single visit. Bumblebee behavior differed somewhat on the manipulated flowers. Manipulation of the two lower sepals led to a pollination efficiency that was the same as no manipulation. Pollination efficiency was lowered significantly after lateral sepal manipulation, and this was caused by the absence of the arch structure normally formed by two lateral sepals changing the posture of the pollinator. Therefore, it was postulated that the arch structure formed by the lateral sepals functions to ensure correct pollination.
Relationship of insulin‐like growth factor‐I, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3, insulin, growth hormone in cord blood and maternal factors with birth height and birthweight
Authors: Yang Sei Won , Yu Jee Suk 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background: To determine whether the following factors are related to birthweight or birth height, we measured insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)‐3, insulin and growth hormone (GH) levels in cord blood and also observed the relationship between birthweight, birth height and maternal factors.
Methods
: One hundred and ninety‐four cord bloods were collected, 106 from males and 88 from females. Three newborns were small for gestational age (SGA), 168 were appropriate (AGA) and 23 were large (LGA); 21 newborns were preterm and 172 were term.
Results
: Levels of IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3, measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, were significantly lower in preterm babies (35.3~15.1 and 1025.6~562.8 ng/mL, respectively) than in term babies (61.6~39.5 and 1252.6~403.2 ng/mL, respectively; P<0.01), but neither insulin nor GH levels, measured by radioimmunoassay, showed any significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Among term babies, IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 levels were significantly higher in the LGA group (96.1~34.1 and 1544.7~418.1 ng/mL, respectively) than in the AGA group (56.4~37.6 and 1212.8~383.4 ng/mL, respectively; P<0.01). Levels of IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 showed significant correlation with birthweight and length, respectively (P<0.01), although GH and insulin levels did not (P>0.05). There was a significant correlation between IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 levels (P<0.01, r=0.64), but IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 levels showed no relationship with GH or insulin levels. Birthweight correlated significantly with prepartum maternal weight, maternal weight gain and maternal height (P<0.05), but birth length correlated significantly only with maternal height (P<0.05).
Conclusions
: Our results suggest that fetal growth depends on fetal levels of IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 and maternal factors, not on insulin or GH. Levels of IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 may not be regulated by insulin alone, but by the complex interactions between several factors, such as insulin, GH and maternal factors.
Expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α protein in the myocardium in fatal myocarditis
Authors: Jibiki Toshiaki , Terai Masaru , Tateno Shigeru , Toyozaki Tetsuya , Horie Hiroshi , Nakajima Hiromichi , Niwa Koichiro , Niimi Hiroo 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α is the most studied cytokine in the failing human heart and in experimental murine myocarditis. We have investigated the expression of TNF‐α in the myocardium in human myocarditis.
Methods
: We examined endomyocardial biopsy (n=4) and autopsy (n=5) tissues obtained from nine patients diagnosed with myocarditis by the Dallas criteria. Expression of TNF‐α in the hearts was immunohistochemically studied using monoclonal antibodies against human TNF‐α.
Results
: Tumor necrosis factor‐α protein was expressed in the myocardium of six of the nine patients studied. Four of five fatal patients showed intense immunoreactivity for TNF‐α compared with survivors. Furthermore, left ventricular systolic function was reduced in patients with TNF‐α‐positive hearts.
Conclusions
: These findings may support the suggestion that TNF‐α plays an important role in cardiac dysfunction and myocytic damage in fatal human myocarditis.
Effects of bathing immediately after birth on early neonatal adaptation and morbidity: A prospective randomized comparative study
Authors: Nako Yasushi , Harigaya Akira , Tomomasa Takeshi , Morikawa Akihiro , Amada Mieko , Kijima Chie , Tsukagoshi Seiko 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Objective
: Because the risks and benefits of early bathing of newborn infants are not well established, we investigated the effects of bathing immediately after birth on rectal temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, percutaneous arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and early neonatal morbidity.
Methods
: The study was designed as a randomized prospective comparative study in the neonatal care unit of a university hospital. A total of 187 healthy term and near‐term newborn infants, who were delivered vaginally without asphyxia, between January and December 1997 were the study subjects. We compared findings in newborns who were bathed 2–5 min after birth (n=95) with those of a control group (n=92) who received dry care instead. Groups were comparable with respect to gestational age, birthweight, male : female ratio, Apgar score and umbilical blood pH. Rectal temperature was measured with an electronic thermometer immediately before the intervention bathing or dry care and at 30 min and 1, 2, 3, 8 and 12 h after birth. Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and SpO2 were measured at 1, 2, 8 and 12 h after birth. The incidence of early neonatal morbidity, including hyperbilirubinemia and gastrointestinal and respiratory problems, was also compared.
Results
: Rectal temperature changed over time postnatally in both groups (P<0.0001,
ANOVA) and there was a significant difference in rectal temperature between groups (P<0.0001,
ANOVA). Mean (± SEM) rectal temperature at 30 min after birth (i.e. approximately within 20 min after intervention) was significantly higher in the bathed group than in the control (dry care) group (37.30~0.06 vs 37.00~0.05°C, respectively; P=0.000022). Respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure and the ratio of the number of infants with SpO2 90–94% and 95–100% did not differ significantly between the two groups. The incidence of early neonatal morbidity, including vomiting, acute gastric mucosal lesion, polycythemia, need for tube feeding, phototherapy and oxygen therapy, also did not differ between the two groups.
Conclusions
: Early bathing, minutes after birth, did not appear to adversely affect the adaptation of healthy full‐term and near‐term newborn infants.
Low serum lipids suggest severe bone marrow failure in children with aplastic anemia
Authors: Yokoyama Masaru , Suto Yoshimasa , Sato Hideko , Arai Koji , Waga Shinobu , Kitazawa Junichi , Maruyama Hidekazu , Ito Etsuro 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
: Significantly low serum lipid levels are occasionally seen at the time of diagnosis in children with aplastic anemia (AA). The aim of the present study was to clarify the pathologic and clinical significance of pretreatment serum lipid levels in AA.
Methods
: A questionnaire seeking precise data about AA in pediatric patients, including the initial laboratory data at the time of onset of AA and the clinical course of these patients, was sent to 18 institutes in Japan; 13 institutes responded to the questionnaire. In this retrospective study, data concerning hematologic examination and serum lipids were available for analysis in 127 children with AA. Serum lipoprotein patterns were analyzed using conventional agarose electrophoresis in eight patients. In order to elucidate the cause of hypolipidemia in AA, we assayed serum macrophage colony stimulating factor (M‐CSF), which is well known to have apparent cholesterol‐lowering activity, by using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in seven patients with hypocholesterolemia and compared the results with those obtained in patients with iron‐deficiency anemia (IDA).
Results
: We found that pretreatment total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride levels in the serum correlated well with counts of both nucleated cells and hemopoietic cells in the bone marrow (BM) and were inversely correlated with the lymphocyte ratio in both the BM and peripheral blood. Patients with serum TC lower than 150 mg/dL showed a poor response to any form of therapy except BM transplantation. There was no difference in the serum lipoprotein patterns between the controls and patients examined. The serum M‐CSF level was significantly higher in patients with TC levels lower than 150 mg/dL compared with controls.
Conclusions
: These results indicate that the pretreatment serum lipid level may reflect hematopoietic activity within the BM and can help to predict the therapeutic response of each case of AA to treatment with immunosuppressive drugs, corticosteroids and anabolic steroids. These results also indicate that M‐CSF may be one of the contributing causes of the hypocholesterolemia that occurs in both AA and IDA.