bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foregrounding learner voice: Chinese international students' interpretations of strategy use during oral discourse socialization in Germany
Authors: Long Yao , Ding Yuting 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough multilingualism is becoming a more important topic of inquiry, a closer look at intercultural studies on Chinese overseas students reveals that they are inclined to contrast the learning behaviors of these students with Western learning conceptions and practices and interpret their learning ways based on Western assumptions. The study used qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate how this cohort of minoritized learners leveraged a material‐centered approach highlighting repetition, reading aloud, rote learning, and translanguaging to increase the salience and processing of the target language input. Additionally, this study performed a comparative analysis of the use frequency and interpretations of learning strategies between self‐reported successful and currently less successful students from China. The results indicate that the former cohort was more concerned with self‐directed activities in favor of input processing and the model of input‐output connection. Lastly, this highlights the importance of legitimization of their approach resource repertoire by foregrounding their interpretations of their own learning behaviors in the new academic environment.
Areas with high HIV prevalence: A spatial analysis of nationwide claims data in Germany
Authors: Akmatov M. K. , Hu E. , Rüsenberg R. , Kollan C. , Schmidt D. , Kohring C. , Holstiege J. , Bickel M. , Bätzing J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to identify spatial clusters of high HIV prevalence in Germany.MethodsUsing nationwide outpatient claims data comprising information of about 88% of the total German population (N = 72 041 683), we examined spatial variations and spatial clusters of high HIV prevalence at the district level (N = 401). People with HIV were identified using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10 codes) B20, B22, and B24 (HIV disease) documented as ‘confirmed’.ResultsAmong 72 041 683 people with statutory health insurance in Germany in 2021, 72 636 had diagnosed HIV, which corresponds to a prevalence of 101 per 100 000 individuals (0.10%). Of these, 56 895 were males (78%). At a district level, the HIV prevalence varied by a factor of 32 between 13 in a rural district in Bavaria and 417 per 100 000 individuals in the German capital, Berlin. The spatial autocorrelation coefficient was 0.24 (p < 0.0001, Global Moran's I). Several high‐prevalence spatial clusters of different sizes were identified, mostly located in western Germany. The largest cluster comprised eight districts in the southern part of Hesse, including the city of Frankfurt and the city of Mainz in Rhineland‐Palatinate. The second cluster consisted of four districts in North Rhine‐Westphalia, including the cities of Cologne and Düsseldorf. Two districts in southern Germany (Mannheim and Ludwigshafen) formed the third cluster. Only urban districts were observed in spatial clusters of high HIV prevalence.ConclusionsThe current study identified for the first time spatial clusters with high HIV prevalence in Germany. This understanding is of particular importance when planning the general and specialized medical care of patients with HIV and to support preventive measures.
Emotional vulnerability and coping strategies among Turkish student teachers: A community of practice perspective
Authors: Yüce Erkan , Nazari Mostafa , Karimpour Sedigheh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite the growth of research on teachers’ emotional vulnerability in recent years, little research has explored this issue among student teachers. Drawing on the lens of the community of practice (CoP), in this study, we report on the emotional vulnerability and coping strategies of Turkish student teachers during a teacher education course. Data were collected before, during, and after the course using semi‐structured interviews, reflective journals, and narrative frames. Data analysis revealed that across the engagement, imagination, and alignment dimensions of the CoP, the student teachers experienced emotional vulnerability that not only influenced their present membership but also negatively shaped their future perceptions. Additionally, the student teachers adopted various personal and interpersonal coping strategies to regulate their negative emotions, which reduced the negative effects of emotional vulnerability on their CoP membership. We conclude the study with implications for teacher educators in how to use the findings to deal with student teachers’ emotional vulnerability, especially through drawing on their coping strategies.
Guide to tinted sunscreens in skin of color
Authors: Zhou Cici , Lee Claudia , Salas Jesse , Luke Janiene 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDisorders of hyperpigmentation, such as melasma and post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation, disproportionately affect skin of color and have a profound impact on quality of life. Exposure to ultraviolet light (UVL) is a well‐documented factor in these disorders. However, recent studies show that visible light (VL) is a significant and underrecognized contributor to hyperpigmentation, especially in skin of color. Our objective is to review the role of VL in disorders of hyperpigmentation and that of tinted sunscreens in protecting against VL. Tinted sunscreens containing iron oxides should be recommended over nontinted sunscreens for patients prone to disorders of hyperpigmentation, as iron oxides protect against VL in addition to UVL. Tinted sunscreens are more effective than nontinted sunscreens in preventing melasma relapses and reducing hyperpigmentation, and they may also enhance the depigmenting efficacy of topical hydroquinone. In the search for an ideal tinted sunscreen for a particular patient, several factors must be considered, including a broad spectrum with adequate coverage of both UVL and VL, tint, formulation texture, active ingredients, and cost. VL is increasingly recognized as a major contributor of hyperpigmentation, and adequate treatment for disorders of hyperpigmentation should include protection against VL. Tinted sunscreens are ideal but require consideration of cosmesis, efficacy, and affordability.
Organizational identification and leader evaluation in a global workplace: Interaction of self‐uncertainty, self‐construal, and organizational culture
Authors: Desai Sejal N. , Hogg Michael A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPast studies in social psychology, and in organizational psychology, have incorporated social identity theory but have not specifically examined the effects of self‐construal and self‐uncertainty on an individual's organizational identification. Through two social psychology experiments, the present research advances the literature by studying the effects of three predictor variables (self‐construal, self‐uncertainty, and organizational culture) on the criterion variables of identification with the organization, commitment to the organization, extra‐role behaviors (Study 1), and leader evaluations (Study 2). Study 1 (N = 256) found that participants evaluated a self‐inclusive organization more favorably when it possessed a relational (as opposed to nonrelational) organizational culture. This effect was, as predicted, moderated by self‐uncertainty such that it was significantly stronger under high rather than low self‐uncertainty. Study 2 (N = 336) examined the same criterion variables as the previous study but with the addition of leader evaluation. It was found that interdependent participants identified with and were more committed to their organization. Participants with an interdependent self‐construal and high levels of self‐uncertainty rated their leader more favorably when in a relational (as opposed to nonrelational) organization. Additionally, a significant three‐way interaction between the predictors was explored. Future research directions and wider implications for strengthening employee identification and leader evaluations in organizations are discussed.
Preschoolers and anxiety: The effect of parental characteristics
Authors: Kadoglou Maria , Tziaka Eftychia , Samakouri Maria , Serdari Aspasia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProblemAnxiety is a common phenomenon among children that can lead to adverse developmental outcomes. A challenging parent–child relationship and its characteristics may negatively impact the development of a child's internalizing problems. However, theoretical models on children's anxiety have not fully emphasized the contribution of parenting and environmental factors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the possible correlations between parenting styles and other parental characteristics with children's anxiety.MethodsThe sample consisted of 443 parents of preschool children who completed the Parenting Styles and Dimension Questionnaire and the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5–5. The univariate analysis included differences between demographic groups, assessed with independent sample t‐tests. Associations between demographic evidence and child anxiety were estimated using χ2 tests. Binomial logistic regression analysis assessed the most important parenting characteristics contributing to a child's anxiety.FindingsA total of 24.6% of the children had borderline or clinical symptoms of anxiety. Parents whose children were anxious were more permissive than parents of nonanxious children (p < 0.001). Mothers were more authoritative compared to fathers. In addition, permissive parenting style increased the probability of a child's anxiety and maternal permissive style emerged as a significant predictor of anxiety in preschoolers (p < 0.003).ConclusionsThis study revealed that the permissive parenting style is associated with anxiety in preschool children. Furthermore, the maternal permissive style was identified as a predictor of anxiety. Future research may address its causal effect on anxiety and other behavioral problems, focusing on multiple perspective relationships and cultural dimensions.
Biomarkers in rosacea: A systematic review
Authors: Geng R. S. Q. , Bourkas A. N. , Sibbald R. G. , Sibbald C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRosacea is a chronic and psychologically ladened disease affecting 1%–3% of people worldwide. The identification and validation of biomarkers in rosacea patients has the potential to improve disease progression, support diagnosis, provide objective measures for clinical trials and aid in management. The objective of this review is to systematically identify all rosacea biomarkers, categorize them by type and identify trends to improve disease expression. Eligibility criteria for this review (PROSPERO CRD42023397510) include randomized controlled trials, case–control studies, cohort studies and other observational studies. No restrictions were placed on patient demographics (age, sex, ethnicity) or language of publication until February 2023. Quality of studies was assessed using the National Institute of Health quality assessment tool. The literature search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 805 unique articles were screened based on the applied inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the articles were screened based on title/abstract and full‐text, a total of 38 studies were included, reporting on a total of 119 unique biomarkers. The results of this review and current rosacea pathogenic mechanisms provide the greatest support for the innate cathelicidin and inflammasome, Th1 and Th17 pathways. The most commonly reported biomarkers include IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐37, IFN‐γ and MMP‐9. Biomarkers identified in this study support current theories of rosacea pathogenesis and provide direction for research to further our knowledge. However, more research is needed to identify biomarkers panels that can provide diagnostic utility. This may be difficult due to the heterogeneity of the disease and potential differences between rosacea subtypes.
The effect of using birth ball and squatting position during labor on pain, duration, and satisfaction: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dunmez Fatma , Yilmaz Tulay 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to assess the effect of using a birth ball and squatting position during labor on labor pain, duration of labor, and satisfaction.MethodsThis study is a randomized controlled experimental trial. It was conducted in the delivery unit of Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital. The study sample consisted of a total of 159 women, 53 in the birth ball application room, 53 in the squatting position group, and 53 in the control group. The “Information Form,” “Visual Analog Scale,” “Partograph,” and “Maternal Satisfaction Assessment at Delivery Scale‐Normal Birth” were used in the data collection. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, Pearson's Chi‐square test, Pillai's trace test.ResultsThe present study revealed that the pain perception level was lower in the birth ball and squatting position groups compared to the control group, and there was a statistically significant difference between them (p < .05). The duration of the first and second stages of labor and the total duration of labor decreased in the birth ball and squatting position groups (p < .05). The difference was statistically significant in comparing the level of satisfaction (p < .05). It was found that the highest satisfaction was in the birth ball group.ConclusionUsing a birth ball and squatting position during labor are effective methods of reducing labor pain, shortening the duration of labor, and increasing the level of satisfaction. There is a need for more studies on the effects of the birth ball and squatting position. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05360823.
A P‐type pentatricopeptide repeat protein ZmRF5 promotes 5′ region partial cleavages of atp6c transcripts to restore the fertility of CMS‐C maize by recruiting a splicing factor
Authors: Lin Yanan , Yang Huili , Liu Hongmei , Lu Xiuyuan , Cao Haofei , Li Bing , Chang Yongyuan , Guo Zhanyong , Ding Dong , Hu Yanmin , Xue Yadong , Liu Zonghua , Tang Jihua 
Published: December 2023

SummaryA fast evolution within mitochondria genome(s) often generates discords between nuclear and mitochondria, which is manifested as cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and fertility restoration (Rf) system. The maize CMS‐C trait is regulated by the chimeric mitochondrial gene, atp6c, and can be recovered by the restorer gene ZmRf5. Through positional cloning in this study, we identified the nuclear restorer gene, ZmRf5, which encodes a P‐type pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) family protein. The over‐expression of ZmRf5 brought back the fertility to CMS‐C plants, whereas its genomic editing by CRISPR/Cas9 induced abortive pollens in the restorer line. ZmRF5 is sorted to mitochondria, and recruited RS31A, a splicing factor, through MORF8 to form a cleaving/restoring complex, which promoted the cleaving of the CMS‐associated transcripts atp6c by shifting the major cleavage site from 480th nt to 344 th nt for fast degradation, and preserved just right amount of atp6c RNA for protein translation, providing adequate ATP6C to assembly complex V, thus restoring male fertility. Interestingly, ATP6C in the sterile line CMo17A, with similar cytology and physiology changes to YU87‐1A, was accumulated much less than it in NMo17B, exhibiting a contrary trend in the YU87‐1 nuclear genome previously reported, and was restored to normal level in the presence of ZmRF5. Collectively these findings unveil a new molecular mechanism underlying fertility restoration by which ZmRF5 cooperates with MORF8 and RS31A to restore CMS‐C fertility in maize, complemented and perfected the sterility mechanism, and enrich the perspectives on communications between nucleus and mitochondria.
Knotted lanugo in a newborn: Cultural practices revealed
Authors: Needle Carli D. , Ramachandran Vignesh , Oza Vikash S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAcross the world, there are varied cultural practices applied in the newborn period that pediatric dermatologists need to be familiar with. This report details a 9‐day‐old girl who presented with black, spike‐like hairs across the back after her mother had been rubbing breast milk on her back in a circular motion for the first 7 days of life. On dermatoscopic exam, these lesions were found to be tight bundles of lanugo hairs, consistent with a diagnosis of knotted lanugo. Improved understanding of cultural practices and newborn skin care routines is critical for diagnosis, treatment, and counseling.
Intercropping and appropriate nitrogen application control faba bean Fusarium wilt by improving physiological and biochemical resistance and protein expression of faba bean
Authors: Zheng Yiran , Zhang Jing , Guo Yuting , Lv Jiaxing , Dong Yan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study set up four nitrogen application levels (0, 45, 90 and 135 kg/ha) and two planting systems (faba bean monocropping and faba bean and wheat intercropping) to investigate the incidence of faba bean Fusarium wilt under different treatments and determine the resistance enzyme activities and gene expression, protein expression, and other indexes of faba bean plants. At all N levels, faba bean and wheat intercropping controlled faba bean Fusarium wilt by decreasing the content of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion in faba bean roots, increasing the enzyme activity and gene expression of the superoxide dismutase and the gene expression of pathogenesis‐related protein 1 (VfPR1), VfPR2, VfPR5 and VfPR10 disease resistance proteins in the roots, with the most significant effects at the N2 level (90 kg/ha). Further investigation of the impact of intercropping on faba bean roots using the N2 treatment showed that faba bean–wheat intercropping upregulated 288 proteins and downregulated 179 proteins compared with monocropping, and the functions of the upregulated proteins were mainly related to energy metabolism, antioxidant enzymes, stress and DNA repair. GO functional analysis showed that the upregulated proteins were mainly focused on the involvement in amide biological processes. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that faba bean–wheat intercropping upregulated proteins involved in glutathione metabolism and ascorbic acid metabolism. In summary, at the N2 level, faba bean–wheat intercropping effectively mitigated root oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant and disease resistance mechanisms in faba bean roots.
Biological biomarkers of oral cancer
Authors: Radaic Allan , Kamarajan Pachiyappan , Cho Alex , Wang Sandy , Hung Guo‐Chin , Najarzadegan Fereshteh , Wong David T. , Ton‐That Hung , Wang Cun‐Yu , Kapila Yvonne L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) 5 year survival rate of 41% has marginally improved in the last few years, with less than a 1% improvement per year from 2005 to 2017, with higher survival rates when detected at early stages. Based on histopathological grading of oral dysplasia, it is estimated that severe dysplasia has a malignant transformation rate of 7%–50%. Despite these numbers, oral dysplasia grading does not reliably predict its clinical behavior. Thus, more accurate markers predicting oral dysplasia progression to cancer would enable better targeting of these lesions for closer follow‐up, especially in the early stages of the disease. In this context, molecular biomarkers derived from genetics, proteins, and metabolites play key roles in clinical oncology. These molecular signatures can help predict the likelihood of OSCC development and/or progression and have the potential to detect the disease at an early stage and, support treatment decision‐making and predict treatment responsiveness. Also, identifying reliable biomarkers for OSCC detection that can be obtained non‐invasively would enhance management of OSCC. This review will discuss biomarkers for OSCC that have emerged from different biological areas, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, immunomics, and microbiomics.
Robust single‐trial event‐related potentials differentiate between distress and fear disorders
Authors: Randau Martin , Reinholt Nina , Pernet Cyril , Oranje Bob , Rasmussen Belinda S. , Arnfred Sidse 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecent evidence indicates that measures of brain functioning as indexed by event‐related potentials (ERPs) on the electroencephalogram align more closely to transdiagnostic measures of psychopathology than to categorical taxonomies. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a transdiagnostic, dimensional framework aiming to solve issues of comorbidity, symptom heterogeneity, and arbitrary diagnostic boundaries. Based on shared features, the emotional disorders are allocated into subfactors Distress and Fear. Evidence indicates that disorders that are close in the HiTOP hierarchy share etiology, symptom profiles, and treatment outcomes. However, further studies testing the biological underpinnings of the HiTOP are called for. In this study, we assessed differences between Distress and Fear in a range of well‐studied ERP components. In total, 50 patients with emotional disorders were divided into two groups (Distress, N = 25; Fear, N = 25) according to HiTOP criteria and compared against 37 healthy comparison (HC) subjects. Addressing issues in traditional ERP preprocessing and analysis methods, we applied robust single‐trial analysis as implemented in the EEGLAB toolbox LIMO EEG. Several ERP components were found to differ between the groups. Surprisingly, we found no difference between Fear and HC for any of the ERPs. This suggests that some well‐established results from the literature, e.g., increased error‐related negativity in OCD, are not a shared neurobiological correlate of the Fear subfactor. Conversely, for Distress, we found reductions compared to Fear and HC in several ERP components across paradigms. Future studies could utilize HiTOP‐validated psychopathology measures to more precisely define subfactor groups.
Earnings Losses and the Role of the Welfare State During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Evidence from Sweden
Authors: Adermon Adrian , Laun Lisa , Lind Patrik , Olsson Martin , Sauermann Jan , Sjögren Anna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMany governments introduced temporary adjustments to counter the economic and health consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic. We study the importance of already‐existing government transfers and new pandemic measures to mitigate individual income losses during the onset of the pandemic in Sweden using a difference‐in‐differences approach and population‐wide data on monthly earnings and government transfer payments. We find that labor earnings dropped by 2.7 percent in 2020. Existing transfers and new pandemic measures reduced earnings losses to 1.5 percent. These average effects mask considerable differences in earnings losses, which were, by and large, evened out by existing transfers and new pandemic measures.