bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normative data of Ankle brachial pressure Index and Toe brachial index in normal healthy male adult using fully automated vascular Doppler
Authors: Chouhan Sunil , Hulke Sandip M. , Parashar Rachna , Thakare Avinash E. , Tripathi Sonali 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Context:
Peripheral vascular disease affects some 12%–14% of the general population, and the majority of people with the disease are asymptomatic. Risk factors for it are smoking, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and syndrome X. The Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) is one of the screening noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease. Assessment is performed by fully automated vascular Doppler, which is considered to be accurate; however, normative data are limited.

Aims:
To measure the normative data of ABPI and Toe brachial index (TBI) in a healthy adult

Settings and Design:
A cross-sectional study done in male (n = 59) volunteers in the age group of 18 to 50 years of age group

Methods and Material:
Smartdop XT fully automatic Doppler-14 ports (Hadeco, Japan) was used to measure ABPI and Toe brachial index (TBI)

Statistical analysis used:
Normative value (Mean, SD, Range) was calculated using Systac 13 software

Results:
Right-side Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) and left-side ABPI at the posterior tibial artery (PT) were 1.061 ± 0.098, and 1.105 ± 0.139, respectively. Right-side ABPI and left-side ABPI at the dorsal pedis artery were 0.86 ± 0.129 and 0.86 ± 0.115. Right-side toe Brachial Pressure Index (TBPI) and left-side ABPI was 0.85 ± 0.185 and 0.822 ± 0.2, respectively.

Conclusions:
ABPI index of more than 0.9 may be considered normal in the male population in Bhopal; however, we recommend further Multicentric trials across the Indian population.
Improving self-management and diabetes indicators in adolescents with type 1 diabetes through self-care education
Authors: Asghari Narges , Dashtebozorgi Bahman , Rostami Shahnaz , Ghanbari Saeed , Riahi-Ghahfarokhi Kourosh 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The frequency of type 1 diabetes (T1D) as one of the most prevalent endocrine disease in adolescents is increasing globally. This type of diabetes is a progressive degeneration β cells of the islets of Langerhans, which decreases insulin production and causes permanent dependence on insulin injection. It is essential to control diabetes in adolescents and increase awareness about the effective factors (self-care) on the health of adolescents with diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of self-care training intervention on self-management subscales and some diabetes indicators (glycosylated hemoglobin level and fasting blood sugar) in adolescents with T1D.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted on 50 adolescents with T1D, who were referred to the Diabetes Clinic of Golestan Hospital, aged 12 to 18 and selected for this semi-experimental intervention and case–control study by the census. Six one-hour self-help sessions were held for adolescents and their parents. The data collection tools were the Adolescent Self-Care Questionnaire and the Diabetes Index Form for T1D (SMOD-A), used before and three months after the intervention. Chi-square, t-pair tests, and SPSS software version 23 were utilized for statistical data analysis.

Results:
There was no significant difference between the case and control group regarding gender, age, race, course of the disease, education level, and family history of diabetes (P = 0.771, 0.551, 0.074, and 0.111, respectively). Three months after the intervention, a significant increase was observed in all subscales of self-management and total self-management (P < 001), and a significant decrease was seen in fasting blood sugar (P = 0.001) and glycosylated hemoglobin changes (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
Based on the results, training adolescents through a T1D self-care program effectively improved their overall and subscale self-management and reduced fasting glucose and HbA1c levels.
Prevalence and social determinants associated with oral cancer in Al-Baha Region of Saudi Arabia: A seven-year retrospective cohort hospital-based study
Authors: Alzahrani Abdullah Ali H. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The region of Al-Baha area of interest is associated with risk factors; yet no research in the literature has explored oral cancer (OC) and its associated social determinants and risk factors in this region. The aim of this study was to access the prevalence of OC in the Al-Baha region and its association with the social determinants and risk factors in this population.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort hospital-based study was conducted in Al-Baha Region between January 2012 and December 2019. Data collected from all the patients diagnosed with OC were extracted. OC was assessed based on the hospital records, histopathological data, and Tumor, Nodes, Metastasis (TNM) staging aided in cancer assessment. Detailed demographic data associated with OC was collected using semistructured telephonic interviews. Risk assessment was reviewed based on population, exposure of interest, and outcome.

Results:
A total of 19°C patients out of 421 cancer patients were diagnosed. The mean age for OC in males was 59.72 ± 15.83 years and 69.14 ± 5.86 years in females. Oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue was the most with one case of metastasis. The average estimate per day smoking, E- cigarettes, water pipe smoking was 14.55 ± 7.15, 11.15 ± 3.55, and 0.52 ± 4.7, respectively, with males’ habits more than females. These contributes to the risk factors associated with socioeconomic factors.

Conclusions:
Al Baha region experiences different socioeconomic determinants with a lower prevalence of OC. The risk of OC is associated with various adverse oral habits, which can be prevented.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of tobacco cessation counselling and nicotine replacement therapy among dental professionals
Authors: Shete Anagha V. , Shete Mrinal V. , Nerkar Rajbhoj Ashwini , Rajpurohit Ladusingh , Hajarnavis Arti , Sande Abhijeet 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Establishment of Tobacco Cessation Centres across all dental institutions has been made mandatory by the Dental Council of India. To make it a success, adequate knowledge and training, positive attitude and practices are expected by the dental health care professionals. Our study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of dentists towards Tobacco Cessation Counselling (TCC) and Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT).

Materials and Methods:
200 participants (60 faculty members, 20 postgraduate students and 120 interns) participated in this cross-sectional study. A self-designed questionnaire of 27 questions was used to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of the participants regarding TCC and NRT. A descriptive analysis of the data was done. Frequency and percentage were calculated for each variable. The data were processed and analysed using SPSS software version 19-SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA.

Results:
22% candidates were trained for TCC as opposed to 78% candidates who didn’t have an idea about it. 65% participants knew about various agents which are used for NRT but many did not know how to prescribe them. 83.5% were not willing to spare time for tobacco cessation in their private practice. Only 12% were currently practising TCC or NRT at workplace.

Conclusion:
Inclusion of TCC in the undergraduate curriculum, training and updating of dental faculty and students regarding TCC and NRT will help in serving the noble cause.
Psychosocial and clinical profile of chronic long-stay psychiatric patients in teaching institution
Authors: Vranda Mysore N. , Ranjith James P. , Agadi Shivaleela , Vasanthra Cicil R. , Thirthalli Jagadisha , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Thirumoorthy Ammapattian , Amaresha Anekal C. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
A good number of psychiatric patients continue to stay in psychiatric hospitals for longer period of time despite their recovery. Inevitably, they tend to experience limitations to their freedom, personal choice and social isolation, and loss of self. It is important to assess the characteristics of these patients and the challenges in social integration.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted at a mental health hospital from May 2018 to January 2023. The data were collected from a retrospective review of 101 case files of all the long-stay patients (LSPs) who were admitted to psychiatric closed wards. Furthermore, cases were utilized to analyze the psychosocial situations of LSP.

Results:
This study reveals that the majority of the subjects were unmarried, females, unemployed, and hailing from rural background. Nearly 50% of the patients’ families are untraceable. About three-fourths of those patients had the wrong address and lacked community psychiatric rehabilitation facilities and employment opportunities in their neighborhood. Caregivers’ burden and poverty are major causes for prolonged or long-term hospitalization of patients in the mental hospital and barriers to community reintegration.

Conclusion:
Facilitating the transition of patients from the psychiatric hospital to community care is the need of the hour.
Accidental iron poisoning in children – Experience from a teaching institution
Authors: Chandran Jolly , Sanketh R , Vyasam Siva , Chrysolyte Asha , Ebenezer Kala 
Published: October 2023

Background:Acute iron toxicity is fatal in children resulting from an accidental overdose of maternal iron tablets at home. There is scanty literature on children looking at the profile and outcome. We report a case series of five children presenting after accidental ingestion of iron tablets. Two presented with fulminant hepatic failure at 48 h, and despite supportive management and plasmapheresis in one child, both succumbed to illness.Materials and Methods:This retrospective study was conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a teaching institution in South India between January 2009 and December 2019. All children with accidental iron poisoning were included in the analysis.Results:During the study period, five children presented to our PICU after accidental iron tablet ingestion. The mean age was 25.8 months [standard deviation (SD): 13.9]. All the children had consumed iron tablets from their pregnant mothers. Two children presenting with liver failure succumbed to illness. Treatment included a standard protocol of gastric lavage and desferrioxamine. Most of them (3/5) received whole bowel irrigation. We did plasmapheresis in one child who presented with fulminant hepatic failure. The majority were discharged alive (3/5). The presence of coagulopathy, acute liver failure, and delayed presentation were associated with high mortality.Conclusion:Accidental iron poisoning is prevalent in children and associated with significant mortality. Parents and caretakers must be counseled by primary care physicians and made aware of the safe storage of iron tablets.
Factors related to parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy for children: An exploratory factor analysis model
Authors: Mohan Reenaa , Sindhuri R , Thandapani Kanimozhi , Devi D.S Karthika , Ganapathy Kalaiselvan 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
This pandemic has been accompanied by an overabundance of information and misinformation, an ‘infodemic’ on a global scale which have made acceptability of COVID-19 vaccine a major challenge. The objective of the study was to find out the Beliefs of mothers towards COVID-19 vaccine for children and its impact on vaccine hesitancy.

Materials and Methods:
After obtaining Institutional ethical clearance and informed consent, a total of 360 mothers who were having at least one child from 5 to 18 years were recruited based on simple random sampling. Face-to-face interview was conducted. The questionnaire was based on the WHO-SAGE working group on vaccine hesitancy. Based on Bartlett’s test of sphericity, the model was found to be fit (there is adequate number of correlations for factor analysis) and KMO test results imply the samples are adequate for factor analysis. K means cluster analysis was used to divide the samples into three clusters and individual respondent’s cluster membership was also identified.

Results:
It was found 49.4% of mothers were hesitant to vaccine their children against COVID-19. The seven items (reasons for vaccine hesitancy) were grouped into three dimensions (believes in vaccine effectiveness but concerned about side effects, believes in the importance of taking COVID vaccine, trusts information about COVID vaccine), based on how each item loads on to each of three factors. Cluster 1 was that they believe in effectiveness of vaccine but are concerned about side effects (.92094).

Conclusion:
Mothers’ concerns were mainly about the safety and adverse effects of vaccine.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices of family planning methods among married women from a rural area of Jaipur, Rajasthan: An observational study
Authors: Singh Yadav R. , Gupta Ajay , Sidhu Japneet , Grover Somya , Sakrawal Komal 
Published: October 2023

Aim:
This study was planned with the objective to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of family planning methods among married women and to find out the factors associated with not using the family planning method.

Materials and Methods:
This community-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 300 married women residing in a rural area of Jaipur, Rajasthan. Written informed consent was obtained, and data were collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Knowledge, attitude, and practices were summarised in proportion, and their association was measured using Chi-square test.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 26.7 years. Most of them (88.8% women) had knowledge of at least one contraception method. Almost two-thirds had positive attitude towards contraceptive use. The most used method was oral contraceptive pills, among 17.7% of participants. Knowledge was significantly associated with educational level and caste of the participants (P value <0.05), and practice was not significantly associated with any socio-demographic factors (P value >0.05).

Conclusion:
Knowledge, attitude, and practices related to modern family planning methods are still not high in rural areas. The media can play a major role in increasing awareness about family planning methods. The involvement of community and family, especially spouse, should be facilitated to maximize the understanding of family planning methods.
Trends in Management of Shoulder Instability: Indian Perspectives
Authors: Sood Munish , Kulshrestha Vikas , Kumar Santhosh , Kumar Pardeep , Singh Shalendra , Bhatnagar Vidhu 
Published: October 2023

Objectives:
Shoulder instability is a commonly seen injury in orthopedics practice. The current survey aimed to assess strategies in the management of shoulder instability among orthopedic surgeons in India.

Materials and Methods:
A survey was created by a group of surgeons who are regularly managing shoulder instability and it was distributed among the various orthopedic surgeons from India. The questionnaire included brief details of surgeons and their experience, clinical assessment, management strategies, and the rehabilitation protocol. We also assess any difference in management strategies of Orthopaedic surgeon (OS group) as compared to fellowship trained sports surgeons/shoulder surgeons (FS group).

Results:
Ninety-seven orthopedic surgeons participated in the survey. Sixty-four percent were in the age group between 35 and 50 years. Forty-six percent of them were managing these injuries for more than 12 years. 37.5% of surgeons were from government academic institutes. Eighty percent of respondents treat first-time dislocation conservatively. The decision regarding the type of surgery is based on the percentage of bone loss, the number of dislocations, age of the patients as per the majority of respondents. Arthroscopic Bankart’s repair is the most commonly used procedure for anterior shoulder instability. The common criteria for return to sports include a glenohumeral range of motion, rotator strength, functional performance test, type of sports, and ability of the athlete to perform.

Conclusion:
Bankart’s repair is the most common procedure performed in patients with shoulder instability with minimal bone loss. Computer tomography scan is one of the preferred investigation modalities along with X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging in the first-time dislocation as per FS group. Remplissage in addition to Bankart’s repair is performed by a significantly higher number of participants from FS group as compared to OS group. Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.
Dosimetric Comparison of Radiation Techniques for Comprehensive Radiation Therapy for Left-Sided Breast Cancer: A Treatment Planning Study
Authors: Rather Sajad Ahmad , Banday Muddasir Sharief , Khan Aijaz Ahmad , Wani Shaqul Qamar , Shah Mudasir Ashraf , Mufti Samina 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
The purpose of the study was to determine forward-planned intensity-modulated radiotherapy which improves the sparing of organs at risk (OAR), heart, lungs, and contralateral breast, when compared with multi-field inverse-planned intensity-modulated radiation therapy (RT). The anatomy of the chest wall is curved, which makes it difficult to achieve a homogeneous dose; therefore, it is essential to know the technique by which we can render a better treatment.

Methods:
The three-dimensional field-in-field (FIF) technique for radiotherapy is an advanced state-of-the-art method that uses multileaf collimators to generate a homogeneous and conformal dose distribution through segmental subfields. The planning computer tomography (CT) scans of 30 women with left-sided breast cancer previously treated with whole breast RT on an inclined breast board with both arms supported above the head were retrieved. The whole-breast planning target volume (PTV) was defined by clinical markup and contoured on all relevant CT slices as were the OARs. For each patient, two plans were generated using FIF and five-field inverse-planned IMRT, with a prescription dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions to the whole breast. The mean and maximum doses to the OARs, conformity index, and homogeneity index (HI) of the whole-breast PTV were compared.

Results:
The FIF technique significantly reduced the maximum dose of the PTV as well as the mean doses of the heart, ipsilateral lung, contralateral lung, esophagus, and contralateral breast (P < 0.001 for each). When the organ at risk volumes irradiated with 10, 20, 30, and 40 Gy were compared, the results were in favor of the FIF technique. The volume receiving <20 Gy of the prescription dose for the ipsilateral lung was significantly decreased using the FIF technique (P < 0.001). The FIF technique allowed us more homogenous dose distribution.

Conclusions:
FIF resulted in a lower mean heart and contralateral breast dose with comparable HI of the whole-breast PTV compared to inverse-planned IMRT using five fields. These results with significantly fewer monitor units essential for therapy in FIF suggest that this technique may be more advantageous during breast irradiation.
Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Scan: A Neglected but Essential Investigation in Men
Authors: Kumar Anupam , Pushkar Kumar , Bobdey Saurabh , Kapoor Suraj , Panigrahi Chandan Kumar , Sharma Priyanka 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
Osteoporosis is a condition which affects both men and women but occurs a decade later in men as compared to women. Males constitute a very small percentage of patients who report for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. This difference may be largely because of lack of information about risk factors for secondary osteoporosis in men. In the present study, we have tried to explore the attributes of males undergoing DEXA scan at a tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional study conducted in males visiting the general physician outpatient department in a tertiary care institute. All study participants who were males, based on inclusion and exclusion were included in the study. DEXA scan for hip and vertebra was performed for all the participants.

Results:
A total of 486 males fitting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 66.98 (standard deviation: 8.55) years. Fifty-six (11.52%) of these participants had hypertension and 41 (8.43%) subjects had diabetes. Patient attributes and DEXA scan parameters of hip and vertebra showed a significant negative correlation with age and positive correlation with body mass index (BMI). Stratified analysis revealed that only 39% of individuals with a BMI of more than 25 kg/m2 had a high risk of osteoporosis (T ≤ −2) as compared to 58.4% of individuals with a BMI of <25 kg/m2.

Conclusion:
Osteoporosis among men remains a neglected aspect among physicians and surgeons. The DEXA scan is available in urban centers even in the developing countries; however, the lack of knowledge about indications seems to be the major factor for not evaluating the condition at the right time.
A Retrospective Analysis of 5-Year Data of Training-Related Injuries in an Institutional Setting
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Yadav Arun Kumar , Kumar Shailendra , Yadav Manoj , Yadav Narendra 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:Musculoskeletal injuries sustained during training are not only the major cause of loss of training hours but also lead to attrition of precious workforce. Detailed knowledge of the pattern, type, mechanism of musculoskeletal injury, etc., helps in designing prevention strategies. Hence, the study was conducted to study the epidemiology of injuries sustained by trainees while undergoing training at an institutional training.Materials and Methods:The study is a record-based observational study. The data relating to training-related injuries sustained over 5 years (April 2014 to March 2019) were obtained from the record maintained in the medical facility of the training institute in India. The data were extracted using a case record form. The injury data (date of injury, unique identification number, trainee name, diagnosis, and type of treatment taken) were obtained from the medical record register maintained in the medical facility of the training institute. Anthropometric data (height and weight) were obtained from the record of initial medical screening done routinely on the day of joining the training institute. The descriptive analysis of the collected data was done.Results:A total of (n= 2946) trainees comprising 2584 male trainees and 362 female trainees underwent training during the period of the study. The total number of visits to the medical facility related to injury during the 5-year study period was 13,579. Most of the injuries are occurring in the 5th–20thweek in the first half of training period and 29–44 week in the second half of training period. Among male trainees, the lower limb injuries alone accounted for 72.8% of total injuries, followed by trunk and back injuries (11.97%) and upper limb injuries (11.95%). Among female trainees although lower limb injuries still account for the majority (79.66%) of injuries, among them, hip and groin injuries accounted for the highest percentage of injuries as compared to leg and knee injuries in male trainees. The twisting injuries of the knee, stress fractures, and acute traumatic fractures accounted for the majority (78.34%) of the injuries leading to repetition of the training by 24 weeks. The twisting injuries of the knee, acute traumatic fractures, traumatic shoulder instability, and head injuries accounted for the majority (83.2%) of the injuries leading to dropout from training institution (withdrawal).Conclusion:The analysis related to the injuries sustained by trainees during the 5 years found out the timings, severity, and location of injuries. The findings may be important for the formulation of preventive program in an institutional training institute.