bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultured Embryonic Hippocampal Neurons Deficient in Glucocorticoid (GC) Receptor: A Novel Model for Studying Nongenomic Effects of GC in the Neural System
Authors: Xiao Lin , Qi Aiqun , Chen Yizhang 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) acts through both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. It affects the structure and function of the central nervous system, especially the hippocampus. Here we report an in vitro culture system that can yield embryonic hippocampal neurons deficient in the expression of GC receptor as demonstrated by immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry, and RT-PCR. Owing to this unique feature, those neuron preparations can serve as an ideal model for studying the nongenomic actions of GC on neural cells. In this study, we found that the Erk1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPKs were activated in these neurons by BSA-conjugated corticosterone within 15 min of treatment. This activation was not blocked by RU38486, spironolactone, or cycloheximide. Therefore, it is concluded that the activation of MAPKs observed here was due to the nongenomic action of GC. Furthermore, a 24-h incubation with corticosterone at concentrations ranged from 10−11–10−5m did not have an effect on the viability of GC receptor-deficient neurons.
Functional Effects of Transforming Growth Factor β on Adhesive Properties of Porcine Trophectoderm
Authors: Jaeger Laurie A. , Spiegel Aaron K. , Ing Nancy H. , Johnson Greg A. , Bazer Fuller W. , Burghardt Robert C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn pigs, expression and amounts of biologically active TGFβs at the conceptus-maternal interface increase significantly as conceptuses elongate and begin the implantation process. Before their activation, secreted TGFβs are noncovalently associated with their respective, isoform-specific latency-associated peptides (LAPs), which contain the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) amino acid sequence that serves as a ligand for numerous integrins. Objectives of this study were to determine whether TGFβ1 increases production of fibronectin by porcine trophectoderm, whether porcine trophectoderm adheres specifically to fibronectin and LAP, and whether functional interactions between porcine trophectoderm and the two TGFβ-associated proteins, fibronectin and LAP, are integrin mediated. Porcine trophectoderm cells (pTr2) were cultured in presence of TGFβ1, LAP, or pan-neutralizing anti-TGFβ antibody; TGFβ specifically increased (P &lt; 0.05) fibronectin mRNA levels, as determined by Northern and slot blot analyses. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated a TGFβ-induced increase in fibronectin in pTr2 cells. In dispersed cell adhesion assays, adhesion of pTr2 cells to fibronectin was inhibited by an RGD-containing peptide (P &lt; 0.05) and pTr2 cells attached to recombinant LAP but not to an LAP mutant, which contained an RGE sequence rather than the RGD site (P &lt; 0.05). Fibronectin- and LAP-coated microbeads induced integrin activation at apical surfaces of both trophectoderm and uterine luminal epithelial cells, as indicated by aggregation and transmembrane accumulation of talin detected with immunofluorescence microscopy. Cell surface biotinylation and immunoprecipitation revealed integrin subunits αv and β1 on apical membranes of pTr2 cells. These results suggest multiple effects of TGFβ at the porcine conceptus-maternal interface, including integrin-mediated conceptus-maternal communication through LAP.
Testosterone Measurement by Isotope-Dilution Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Validation of a Method for Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Cawood Marion L , Field Helen P , Ford Clive G , Gillingwater Scott , Kicman Andrew , Cowan David , Barth Julian H 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Background: Immunoassay is unsatisfactory for measuring the testosterone concentrations typically found in women. Bench-top tandem mass spectrometers are a viable alternative technology for measurements in the clinical laboratory.
Methods: We used stable-isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (ID/LC-MS/MS) to measure testosterone in plasma and serum. The sample volume was 50 μL in duplicate; preparation and analysis were carried out in a single tube, and a batch of 192 tubes was analyzed in 17.5 h.
Results: Intra- and interassay imprecision was &lt;15% in the range 0.3–49 nmol/L. Recovery of testosterone added to samples at concentrations of 0.625–20 nmol/L was 96% (CV = 12%; n = 26). Six samples were serially diluted with double charcoal-stripped serum to demonstrate linearity. Correlation (r2) with isotope-dilution gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for 20 pools of clinical samples (range, 0.5–38.5 nmol/L) was 0.99. Correlations with our extraction RIA were 0.97 for clinical samples from men (range, 8–46.3 nmol/L) and 0.66 for samples from women (range, 0.7–3.0 nmol/L), but were 0.35 for male samples containing &lt;3 nmol/L testosterone and 0.77 for female samples containing &gt;8 nmol/L. Various steroids added to double charcoal-stripped serum showed no interference at the retention time of the testosterone peak.
Conclusions: The ID/LC-MS/MS method has improved accuracy compared with immunoassay. The low sample volume and simplicity, rapidity, and robustness of the method make it suitable for use as a high-throughput assay in routine clinical biochemistry laboratories.
Quantification of Lipoprotein Subclasses by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance–Based Partial Least-Squares Regression Models
Authors: Petersen Martin , Dyrby Marianne , Toubro Søren , Engelsen Søren Balling , Nørgaard Lars , Pedersen Henrik Toft , Dyerberg Jørn 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackground: Cardiovascular disease risk can be estimated in part on the basis of the plasma lipoprotein profile. Analysis of lipoprotein subclasses improves the risk evaluation, but the traditional methods are very time-consuming. Novel, rapid, and productive methods are therefore needed.Methods: We obtained plasma samples from 103 fasting people and determined the plasma lipoprotein subclass profiles by an established ultracentrifugation-based method. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were obtained from replicate samples on a 600 MHz NMR spectrometer. From the ultracentrifugation-based reference data and the NMR spectra, we developed partial least-squares (PLS) regression models to predict cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) concentrations in plasma as well as in VLDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), LDL, 3 LDL fractions, HDL, and 3 HDL subclasses.Results: The correlation coefficients (r) between the plasma TG and cholesterol concentrations measured by the 2 methods were 0.98 and 0.91, respectively. For LDL- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations, r = 0.90 and 0.94, respectively. For cholesterol concentrations in the LDL-1, LDL-2, and LDL-3 fractions, r = 0.74, 0.78, and 0.69, respectively, and for HDL subclasses HDL2b, HDL2a, and HDL3, cholesterol concentrations were predicted with r = 0.92, 0.94, and 0.75, respectively. TG concentrations in VLDL, IDL, LDL, and HDL were predicted with correlations of 0.98, 0.85, 0.77, and 0.74, respectively. The cholesterol and TG concentrations in the main lipoprotein fractions and in LDL fractions and HDL subclasses predicted by the PLS models were 94%–100% of the concentrations obtained by ultracentrifugation.Conclusion: NMR-based PLS regression models are appropriate for use in research in which analyses of the plasma lipoprotein profile, including LDL and HDL subclasses, are required in large numbers of samples.
Turbulent dispersion from elevated line sources in channel and couette flow
Authors: Le Phuong M. , Papavassiliou Dimitrios V. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTurbulent dispersion of a scalar emitted from a source in homogeneous turbulence has been placed in a solid theoretical context by Taylor, Saffman, and Batchelor. However, the case of source diffusion in the near‐wall region, where the turbulence is not Gaussian, and the effects of the molecular Prandtl number (Pr) on the effective dispersion have not been explored to similar depth. The present work studies the behavior of elevated sources in turbulent channel flow and in turbulent‐plane Couette flow. The trajectories of heat markers are monitored in space and time as they move in a hydrodynamic field created by a direct numerical simulation. The fluids span several orders of magnitude of Pr (or Schmidt number), Pr = 0.1, 0.7, 3, 6, 10, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2400, 7500, 15,000, and 50,000 (liquid metals, gases, liquids, lubricants, and electrochemical fluids). It is found that the molecular Pr has negligible effects in the evolution of the marker cloud for Pr ≥ 3, when the point of marker release is away from the viscous wall sublayer. However, when the markers are released close to the wall, the molecular effects on dispersion are strong. It is also found that total effective dispersion is higher in the case of plane Couette flow, where the total stress across the channel is constant. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Idealized modelling of the northern annular mode: orographic and thermal impacts
Authors: Sempf Mario , Dethloff Klaus , Handorf Dörthe , Kurgansky Michael V. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn an idealized model of northern hemisphere's wintertime atmospheric circulation, it is shown that the Northern Annular Mode arises from an annular pattern on a rotating aqua‐planet and is modified to a zonally asymmetric pattern by land–sea contrasts and orography, connected with the localization of transient baroclinic activity. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Organization and developmental expression of an amphibian vascular smooth muscle α‐actin gene
Authors: Warkman Andrew S. , Zheng Li , Qadir Mohammed A. , Atkinson Burr G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA gene encoding a putative homologue of the avian and mammalian vascular smooth muscle α‐actin was isolated from an amphibian, Rana catesbeiana, and characterized in terms of its sequence, organization, and expression pattern. To assess the expression of this gene during amphibian embryonic development, a cDNA encoding the Xenopus homologue of this mRNA was isolated and characterized by in situ hybridization. The expression of this gene was not detected in the enteric smooth muscle cells or, unlike its avian and mammalian homologues, in the somites/skeletal muscle of the Xenopus embryos/tadpoles. Its initial expression coincides with the onset of cardiac muscle differentiation and is coincidental with the expression of the cardiac α‐actin mRNAs in the heart‐forming region of the stage 26/27 embryo. As development proceeds, transcripts from this gene are expressed throughout the developing heart until the formation of the heart chambers is completed and, thereafter, its expression becomes restricted to the outflow tract of the tadpole heart. The subsequent restricted expression of this gene to the vascular system in both of these amphibians identifies it as the amphibian homologue of the avian and mammalian vascular smooth muscle α‐actin. Developmental Dynamics 233:1546–1553, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Large‐scale propagation of four undifferentiated human embryonic stem cell lines in a feeder‐free culture system
Authors: Sjögren‐Jansson Eva , Zetterström Mathilda , Moya Karina , Lindqvist Jenny , Strehl Raimund , Eriksson Peter S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe describe an improved and more robust protocol for transfer and subsequent propagation of human embryonic stem cells under feeder‐free conditions. The results show that mechanical dissociation for transfer of the human embryonic stem cells to Matrigel™ resulted in highest survival rates. For passage of the cultures on the other hand, enzymatic dissociation was found to be most efficient. In addition, this method reduces the time, work, and skills needed for propagation of the human embryonic stem cells. With the present protocol, the human embryonic stem cells have been cultured under feeder‐free conditions for up to 35 passages while maintaining a normal karyotype, stable proliferation rate, and high telomerase activity. Furthermore, the feeder‐free human embryonic stem cell cultures express the transcription factor Oct‐4, alkaline phosphatase, and cell surface markers SSEA‐3, SSEA‐4, Tra 1‐60, Tra 1‐81, and formed teratomas in severe combined immunodeficient mice. This method provides distinct advantages compared with previous protocols and make propagation of human embryonic stem cells less laborious and more efficient. Developmental Dynamics 233:1304–1314, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
N‐Donor Ligand Coordination Polymers of CuII, ZnII, and CdII Obtained at Elevated Temperature and Pressure
Authors: Casellas Hélène , Massera Chiara , Gamez Patrick , Manotti Lanfredi Anna Maria , Reedijk Jan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractReactions of Copper(II), Zinc(II), and Cadmium(II) nitrate with 2,4,6‐tris(dipyridin‐2‐ylamino)‐1,3,5‐triazine (dpyatriz) at elevated temperature and pressure lead to new 1D coordination polymers which exhibit solid‐state structures significantly different from those obtained at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. In addition, these coordination compounds exhibit unusual anion–π interactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Direct Oxidation of Ascorbic Acid at an Edge Plane Pyrolytic Graphite Electrode: A Comparison of the Electroanalytical Response with Other Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Wantz Frédéric , Banks Craig E. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe direct electrochemical oxidation of ascorbic acid at an edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (EPPG) is investigated and compared with other common carbon‐based electrodes, specifically glassy carbon, boron doped diamond and basal plane pyrolytic graphite. It is found that the EPPG electrode shows a significantly higher degree of electrochemical reversibility than the other electrode substrates giving rise to an analytically optimized limit of detection and sensitivity of 7.1×10−5 M and 0.065 A M−1 respectively.
Spectroelectrochemical Sensing Based on Multimode Selectivity Simultaneously Achievable in a Single Device. 18. Preparation and Characterization of Cross‐Linked Quaternized Poly(4‐vinylpyridinium) Films
Authors: Conklin Sean D. , Heineman William R. , Seliskar Carl J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA novel selective film comprised of cross‐linked quaternized poly(4‐vinylpyridine) has been developed for use in a spectroelectrochemical sensor. The development, performance and characterization of this film are described. Ferrocyanide was used as a model spectroelectrochemical analyte. This film has demonstrated a number of advantages over other films used in the sensor, including outstanding ruggedness and selectivity, rapid response, capability for multiple measurements on one film, and a fast, simple preparation. Ion pairing between ferrocyanide and quaternized pyridine in the film was observed, causing asymmetry in cyclic voltammograms of ferrocyanide. Physical changes in the film were monitored using spectroscopic ellipsometry as the film was exposed to supporting electrolyte and ferrocyanide/supporting electrolyte solutions. The sensor exhibits a linear response to ferrocyanide over the range 0.008–0.2 mM.
Spatial interference during bimanual coordination: Differential brain networks associated with control of movement amplitude and direction
Authors: Wenderoth Nicole , Debaere Filiep , Sunaert Stefan , Swinnen Stephan P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBimanual interference emerges when spatial features, such as movement direction or amplitude, differ between limbs, as indicated by a mutual bias of limb trajectories. Although first insights into the neural basis of directional interference have been revealed recently, little is known about the neural network associated with amplitude interference. We investigated whether amplitude versus directional interference activates differential networks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was applied while subjects performed cyclical, bimanual joystick movements with either the same vs. different amplitudes, directions, or both. The kinematic analysis confirmed that subjects experienced amplitude interference when they moved with different as compared to the same amplitude, and directional interference when they moved along different as compared to the same direction. On the brain level, amplitude and directional interference both resulted in activation of a bilateral superior parietal‐premotor network, which is known to contribute to sensorimotor transformations during goal‐directed movements. Interestingly, amplitude but not directional interference exclusively activated a bilateral network containing the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and supramarginal gyrus, which was shown previously to contribute to executive functions. Even though the encoding of amplitude and directional information converged and activated the same neural substrate, our data thus show that additional and partly independent mechanisms are involved in bimanual amplitude as compared to that in directional control. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Segmentation of skull and scalp in 3‐D human MRI using mathematical morphology
Authors: Dogdas Belma , Shattuck David W. , Leahy Richard M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe present a new technique for segmentation of skull and scalp in T1‐weighted magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of the human head. Our method uses mathematical morphological operations to generate realistic models of the skull, scalp, and brain that are suitable for electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) source modeling. We first segment the brain using our Brain Surface Extractor algorithm; using this, we can ensure that the brain does not intersect our skull segmentation. We next generate a scalp mask using a combination of thresholding and mathematical morphology. We use the scalp mask in our skull segmentation procedure, as it allows us to automatically exclude background voxels with intensities similar to those of the skull. We find the inner and outer skull boundaries using thresholding and morphological operations. Finally, we mask the results with the scalp and brain volumes to ensure closed and nonintersecting skull boundaries. Visual evaluation indicated accurate segmentations of the cranium at a gross anatomical level (other than small holes in the zygomatic bone in eight subjects) in all 44 MRI volumes processed when run using default settings. In a quantitative comparison with coregistered CT images as a gold standard, MRI skull segmentation accuracy, as measured using the Dice coefficient, was found to be similar to that which would be obtained using CT imagery with a registration error of 2–3 mm. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lennard–Jones parameters for the combined QM/MM method using the B3LYP/6‐31G*/AMBER potential
Authors: Freindorf Marek , Shao Yihan , Furlani Thomas R. , Kong Jing 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA combined DFT quantum mechanical and AMBER molecular mechanical potential (QM/MM) is presented for use in molecular modeling and molecular simulations of large biological systems. In our approach we evaluate Lennard–Jones parameters describing the interaction between the quantum mechanical (QM) part of a system, which is described at the B3LYP/6‐31+G* level of theory, and the molecular mechanical (MM) part of the system, described by the AMBER force field. The Lennard–Jones parameters for this potential are obtained by calculating hydrogen bond energies and hydrogen bond geometries for a large set of bimolecular systems, in which one hydrogen bond monomer is described quantum mechanically and the other is treated molecular mechanically. We have investigated more than 100 different bimolecular systems, finding very good agreement between hydrogen bond energies and geometries obtained from the combined QM/MM calculations and results obtained at the QM level of theory, especially with respect to geometry. Therefore, based on the Lennard–Jones parameters obtained in our study, we anticipate that the B3LYP/6‐31+G*/AMBER potential will be a precise tool to explore intermolecular interactions inside a protein environment. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1270–1278, 2005
Jack of all trades, master of none?: An alternative to clinical psychology's market‐driven mission creep
Authors: Heesacker Martin 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe authors C.R. Snyder and T.R. Elliott of this special issue's target article, “Twenty‐First Century Graduate Education in Clinical Psychology: A Four Level Matrix Model” (this issue), are right that scientific distinctions should sometimes be de‐emphasized in service of understanding the larger scientific vision. However, they take their combining too far, arrogating unto clinical psychology elements best left to their original scholarly disciplines. Snyder and Elliott simply present the next logical step in clinical psychology's longstanding tradition of “mission creep,” broadening its focus to encompass new potential markets. Instead, the keeping and sharpening of disciplinary and subdisciplinary boundaries might best serve clinical psychology. The emphasis would shift from mission creep to building links with complementary disciplines and subdisciplines, to tackle issues that require true interdisciplinary scholarship. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Matrix model of clinical psychology: Applause or the sound of one hand clapping?
Authors: Worthington Everett L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe matrix model as proposed by C.R. Snyder and T.R. Elliott (this issue) is a welcome refocusing of clinical psychology for the 21st century. Yet, limitations to the model are that (a) it shifts attention to the target of interventions (i.e., “clients”) and virtually ignores the function of the interventionist; (b) it might not be the best way to characterize “clients”; and (c) training might take longer than 5 years. Overall, it is a heuristic model; will it be accepted? © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Clinical training for the next millennium
Authors: Ingram Rick E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSeveral issues regarding the matrix model (C.R. Snyder & T.R. Elliott, this issue) are addressed. First is the role that positive psychology can play in therapy and prevention training. Next, assumptions of the medical model are discussed concerning training students to be competent therapists in an era of managed care. Finally, questions are raised about the response of training programs to the integration of psychology with biobehavioral approaches to human behavior. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Twenty‐First century graduate education in clinical psychology: A four level matrix model
Authors: Snyder C. R. , Elliott Timothy R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractClinical psychology is positioned to play key roles in mental and physical health issues of 21st century America. In this regard, however, the present Boulder model of educating clinical psychologists is not preparing our graduates to meet the diverse demands of either today's or tomorrow's marketplaces. Accordingly, we introduce a new, four level “matrix model” for the education of future clinical psychologists. The core focus of the proposed matrix model is on the weaknesses and strengths of people in their personalities and their environments. Moreover, this matrix model operates at the individual, interpersonal, institutional, and societal–community levels of analyses. The details and implications of this proposed educational curriculum are described. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.