bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Temporal Lobe’s Role in Hearing: A Scoping Review
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar 
Published: February 2025

Background: The temporal lobe is an intricate brain structure with unique features, playing a key role in auditory perception. The connection between abnormalities in the temporal lobe and hearing loss is a significant sensory disruption in the human brain. Methods: This review article offers an in-depth analysis of the temporal lobe’s anatomy, physiology and functions, highlighting its involvement in hearing impairment. This analysis draws from a review of various significant research articles on temporal lobe dysfunction, along with a clear and concise overview of the temporal lobe’s structure and functions with respect to hearing. Results: The temporal lobe is a crucial component of the human brain. It has an important function for hearing along with several cognitive processes such as information processing. This review article also explores the connection between abnormalities in the temporal lobe and hearing loss, providing compelling evidence that irregularities in the temporal lobe are linked to auditory impairments. Conclusion: In routine clinical practices, physicians often face challenges in managing temporal lobe diseases because of limited resources, insufficient comprehensive data, healthcare access disparities and insufficient neuro-auditory assessments. Holistic management needs an understanding of patients’ hearing impairment and temporal lobe lesions. Further research is required for a proper understanding of the temporal lobe functions, healthcare gaps and enhanced healthcare technology.
Relationship Between Abdominal Circumference and Incidence of Hypotension During Caesarean Section in Pre-eclamptic and Non-pre-eclamptic Patients Under Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: Gagandeep  , Kour Arvinpreet , Singh Akashdeep , Kaur Jasmeet 
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims: Hypotension after spinal anaesthesia is a frequent problem in obstetric patients. Intra-abdominal volume and abdominal circumference (AC) are correlated. During pregnancy, maternal AC rises and is influenced by the uterus, amniotic fluid, and size of the foetus. Previous studies have demonstrated associations between larger AC and higher abdominal pressure and level of sensory block. Several studies have shown that the risk of hypotension in pre-eclampsia is less after spinal anaesthesia as compared to healthy parturient. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the AC and incidence of hypotension during caesarean under spinal anaesthesia. We also wanted to compare the degree of hypotension post-spinal between pre-eclampsia and non-pre-eclamptic patients. Patients and Methods: This observational study was conducted at the Department of Anesthesiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, with institutional ethical committee approval and written informed consent from the patients. Group 1 consisted of pre-eclampsia patients, and Group 2 comprised non-pre-eclampsia patients undergoing caesarean section. Observations and Results: AC of the patients in both groups showed no difference of statistical significance, but there was a significant statistical difference in the haemodynamics in patients of the two groups. Conclusion: We observed a higher incidence of hypotension in a non-pre-eclamptic group, which was statistically significant and not related to variations in AC. This implies that AC has no correlation with post-spinal hypotension.
Cardiac Crisis Simulations: Traditional vs. Escape Room Learning for Nursing Students
Authors: Olivieri Shannon S. , Cardaci Macario Kimberly , De Gula Renz Nikka , Zimmerman Stephanie , Brocker David 
Published: February 2025

Background To meet the diverse learning needs of nursing students, educators must develop teaching strategies that increase confidence and satisfaction with learning, as well as promote critical thinking and clinical judgment. Aim This study aimed to compare the impact of Traditional Simulation (TS) learning versus Escape Room Simulation (ERS) learning on nursing students’ satisfaction and self-confidence in caring for a patient experiencing an acute cardiac event. It was hypothesized that the escape room simulation would provide similar or improved outcomes in terms of satisfaction and self-confidence as compared to traditional simulation. Methods In this experimental design study, students’ self-reported responses to the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning (SSSCL) survey were compared between the simulation (n = 20) and escape room (n = 18) cohorts in a pre-licensure baccalaureate nursing program. Results There was no significant difference in satisfaction with current learning and self-confidence in learning between the simulation groups and the escape room groups. Conclusion The findings suggest that escape room simulation-based education can be used in lieu of traditional simulation without compromising students’ confidence and satisfaction with learning.
Reliability of paramagnetic rim lesion detection at 1.5T MRI in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Martire Maria Sofia , Moiola Lucia , Maggi Pietro , Borrelli Serena , Novati Valentina , Martinelli Vittorio , Rocca Maria A , Vezzulli Paolo , Falini Andrea , Filippi Massimo , Absinta Martina 
Published: February 2025

Background: Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRL) are valuable for diagnosing and prognosing multiple sclerosis (MS) and detectable at 7T and 3T MRI. For translation into clinical practice, it is essential assessing their visibility on 1.5T clinical scanners. Objective: To evaluate the reliability of detecting PRL using commercially available susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) at 1.5 versus 3T MRI. Methods: SWI images were obtained in 20 people with MS at 1.5T and 3T MRI, with an average scan interval of 1.1 years. Only stable, non-enhancing lesions visible on both scans were analyzed. PRL at 3T were identified by two expert raters using NAIMS PRL criteria and used as a reference. Four raters, blinded to 3T results, assessed PRL at 1.5T. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Results: PRL were identified in 16 of 20 patients. At 3T, 95 PRL were identified by consensus (mean 5 PRL per patient, range 0–30). Blinded to 3T scans, 82% of PRL were visible at 1.5T (78 of 95 PRL). Interrater reliability was “almost perfect” for both 1.5 and 3T scans. Raters accurately classified all patients as having ⩾1PRL or not at 1.5T. Conclusion: The majority of PRL are detectable at 1.5T without significantly reducing the specificity of PRL identification or increasing the detection of pseudo-PRL. This may facilitate their clinical use in MS diagnosis and prognosis.
Mobile Phone Usage and Willingness to Use Mobile Phones to Support Medication Adherence and Receive Text Message Appointment Reminders in Older Outpatients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Vu Huyen Thi Thanh , Nguyen Thu Thi Hoai , Luu Minh Ngoc , Nguyen Thuy Phuong , Nguyen Huong Thi Thu , Nguyen Tam Ngoc , Nguyen Thanh Xuan , Ha Linh Vu Huyen , Nguyen Huong Thi Thanh , Thillainadesan Janani , Naganathan Vasi , Do Toan Thi Thanh , Nguyen Anh Trung 
Published: February 2025

Background: Information technology can be used to improve the management of non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the willingness of older outpatients with type 2 diabetes to use mobile phones to support medication adherence and receive text message appointment reminders and investigated the factors associated with this willingness. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted at the outpatient department of Dong Da General Hospital. Participants aged 60 and over managed and treated for type 2 diabetes were asked about mobile phone usage. Data were also collected on sociodemographic information, diabetes characteristics, and medical history. Results: In the 584 study participants recruited, the mean age was 73.2 (SD: 8.3) years. Approximately 80% patients with diabetes had medium or high treatment adherence and 52.4% had hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc) < 7.5%. In the multilevel logistic regression analysis, the following factors were significantly associated with willingness to using phones to support medication adherence: college, university, or higher level (odds ratio [OR] = 2.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10, 4.99), current smoking (OR = 5.40, 95% CI = 1.01, 28.94), whether they had a mobile phone and type of phone (basic phone: OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.42, 4.30; smartphone: OR = 17.93, 95% CI = 8.81, 36.47) . The following factors were significantly associated with willingness to receive these appointment reminders via mobile phone: whether they had a mobile phone and type of phone (basic phone: OR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.70, 4.59; smartphone: OR = 9.61, 95% CI = 4.61, 19.99) and HbA1c < 7.5 (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.43, 0.99). Conclusions: Our study would suggest that there is potential value in using mobile phone to improve the management of diabetes in community living older people but this alone cannot be relied upon.
Effect of Baseline Adjacent Segment Degeneration on Clinical Outcomes After Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Toivonen Leevi A. , Mäntymäki Heikki , Benneker Lorin M. , Kautiainen Hannu , Neva Marko H. 
Published: February 2025

Study Design Cohort Study. Objectives End-stage degenerative segments above fusion levels have been associated with lower rates for surgical adjacent segment disease. We aimed to explore how this degeneration translates into patient reported outcomes. Methods A consecutive series of lumbar fusion patients for degenerative pathologies were enrolled. Preoperative cranial adjacent segment degeneration status was determined using the Combined Imaging Score (CIS). Based on CIS, patients were trichotomized into mild (CIS <7), advanced (CIS 7-10), and end-stage (CIS >10) degeneration tertiles. In analysis, tertiles were adjusted for age, sex, and fusion length to control for potential confounders. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was collected at baseline, 3 months, 1, 2, 5, and 10 years. Results 197 patients were included. Postoperative improvements were similar across all CIS tertiles at all time-points, except for the marginal 10-point difference at 2-years, in favor of higher degeneration. Despite similar changes, end-stage degeneration (CIS >10) implied marginally lower disability levels at baseline and throughout follow-up. The 10-year all-cause mechanical reoperation rate was lowest in the third tertile (28%, 27%, 22%). Reoperation history was associated with greater disability among advanced degeneration (CIS 7-10); the ODI score difference 9 points, P = .009. Postoperative sagittal alignment was not reflected on physical performance. Conclusions Preoperative adjacent segment degeneration status was only marginally reflected on 10-year disability outcomes. End-stage adjacent segment degeneration signaled lower reoperation risk and favorable functional outcomes. Our findings support the assumption that collapsed, end-stage degenerative segments without stenosis can be safely excluded from fusion constructs.
Changing trends from inguinal radical orchiectomy to testis-sparing surgery in pediatric testicular tumors
Authors: Balcı Özlem , Abay Aslı Nur , Yeşil Şule , Karaman İbrahim , Özgüner İsmet Faruk , Kurucu Burçak , Erdoğan Derya , Şahin Gürses , Karaman Ayşe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim
Pediatric testicular tumors are rare entities accounting for only 1–2% of all pediatric solid tumors. We aimed to present the experiences of a tertiary pediatric hospital on testicular tumors and to reveal the changing surgical treatment trends over the years.

Methods
The patients who underwent surgery for scrotal tumors between 1992 and 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients' demographic data, laboratory, radiologic, histopathological, and surgical findings, and postoperative follow-up were evaluated. The patients were evaluated as prepubertal, postpubertal, and in 10-year periods according to the operation time.

Results
A total of 47 children were identified. The median age was 6.2 years. Twenty-eight (59.6%) patients had left, 14 (29.8%) right, and 5 (10.6%) bilateral testicular tumors. The size of the tumor varied between 1 and 6 cm. Thirty-two (68%) patients were prepubertal. Twenty-four of them were germ-cell tumors, and 79.2% of these patients were prepubertal. The most common germ cell tumors were the yolk sac tumor (n = 9) and mature cystic teratoma (n = 7). Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 6) was the most common paratesticular malignancy. Radical inguinal orchiectomy was performed in 21 and testis-sparing surgery was performed in 11 cases for primary testicular tumors. Testicular biopsy was performed in 9 cases for testicular involvement of Leukemia and Lymphoma. No recurrence was detected with a median follow-up of 6.5 years.

Conclusion
Radical inguinal orchiectomy is still the standard surgical treatment for malignant testicular tumors. With the support of imaging methods, tumor markers, and intraoperative frozen examination, testis-sparing surgery should be preferred in prepubertal and some carefully selected postpubertal benign testicular tumors.
Extracellular volume fraction and native T1 mapping in diabetic cardiomyopathy: a comprehensive meta-analysis
Authors: Marey Ahmed , Alabdullah Ali , Ghorab Hossam , Ali Fatima , Abdulla Jawdat , Narang Akhil , Umair Muhammad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with myocardial fibrosis (MF), a major contributor to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), specifically extracellular volume fraction (ECV) and native T1 mapping, offers a non-invasive approach to quantify MF. This study aims to evaluate the utility of ECV and native T1 mapping as biomarkers for cardiac fibrosis and to assess their relationship with diabetes severity, measured by hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), in patients with T2DM.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Comprehensive searches identified 19 eligible studies comprising 4,117 participants. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) were calculated for ECV and native T1 values between diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Meta-regression assessed the correlation between ECV and HbA1C. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity.

Results
Diabetic patients exhibited significantly higher ECV values than controls (WMD: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.32–3.02), consistent across subgroups excluding cardiac comorbidities (WMD: 2.02; 95% CI: 0.74–3.31). HbA1C levels were also significantly elevated in diabetics (WMD: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.37–2.19). However, no significant difference in native T1 values was observed (WMD: 13.40; 95% CI: -13.98–40.79). Meta-regression revealed no significant correlation between ECV and HbA1C, potentially due to limited data and high heterogeneity (I²: 93.37%).

Conclusions
ECV is a promising marker for quantifying MF in T2DM, demonstrating significant differences between diabetics and controls. The lack of correlation between ECV and HbA1C underscores the complexity of MF in diabetes and highlights the need for further research. Future studies with standardized protocols are essential to validate these findings and refine the use of CMR in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Perspectives from parents and clinicians on an ecology-focused approach to a group well-child care
Authors: Shah Ishaan T. , Ham Nina D. , Lubega Hassan , Boswell Christopher L. , Liu Esther Kim , Boynton-Jarrett Renée D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Group well-child care (GWCC) is a novel group-based alternative for pediatric primary care visits that may allow for adaptations that better tailor to the needs of underserved populations. This qualitative study investigates clinician and parent perspectives on the acceptability and feasibility of integrating ecology-focused content in GWCC using semi-structured interviews with GWCC parent-graduates and ecology-focused child clinicians.

Methods
Ecology-focused child clinicians were purposively sampled via email outreach. GWCC parent graduates were recruited via announcement in private Facebook groups. One-on-one interviews were conducted via videoconference, transcribed, and analyzed using an inductive approach. Parent and clinician thematic analyses were independently conducted to construct shared domains.

Results
Nine GWCC parent-graduates and nine ecology-focused child clinicians were recruited into the study. Four overarching themes were constructed across parent and clinician responses: questions about clinical appropriateness, parent and clinician desires for educational support, influences of perceptions of nature on clinicians, and parent desires to develop independence and autonomy.

Conclusion
This study identified nuanced considerations from the perspective of parents and clinicians for the implementation of ecology-focused content in the GWCC setting. Understanding the range of preferences parents and clinicians may have over ecology-focused content can help GWCC clinicians in designing ecology-focused preventive counseling materials.
Using CT imaging to identify sarcopenia as a risk factor for severe falls in older adults
Authors: Fries Nadja , Kotti Angeliki , Woisetschläger Mischa , Spångeus Anna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Sarcopenia is a skeletal muscle disease primarily associated with ageing and progressive muscle decline and increases the risk of falls. The purpose of the present study was to investigate risk factors, including sarcopenia, for severe falls compared to non-severe falls. In addition, we wanted to explore possible associations between sarcopenia, bone mineral density (BMD), adipose tissue as well as clinical scores assessing frailty, nutritional status, and fall risk.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 101 older patients that had experienced a fall incident during in-patient care at a geriatric ward between 2018 and 2020. The fall incidents were categorized into severe or non-severe falls. Clinical data, including risk assessment scores were retrospectively obtained from the participants’ medical records. Body composition, including skeletal muscle quantity (SKM), adipose tissues, and BMD were assessed from abdominal CT-scans performed for any reason maximal 6 months before or after the fall. Skeletal muscle index ratio (SMI-ratio) was calculated using SKM cm2/height m2 and divided with previous described cut off values for sarcopenia. An SMI ratio < 100% indicated sarcopenia.

Results
The severe fall group showed higher grade of sarcopenia compared to the non-severe fall group (SMI ratio of 71% vs. 83%, p = 0.041) as well as lower, though statistically non-significant, BMI and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (BMI 22 [20–24] vs. 24 [22–27] kg/m2, p = 0.108, and SAT 95 ± 70 cm² vs. 141 ± 94 cm², p = 0.124). Overweight was more common in non-severe than severe fall group (43% vs. 14%, p = 0.048). SMI ratio correlated negatively with frailty and positive with BMI and the following body composition measurements: intramuscular-, subcutaneous, and visceral adipose tissue (IMAT, SAT and VAT). No correlation with other clinical risk assessment scores nor spine T-score was found. In the multivariate analysis, higher level of frailty, male sex as well as lower BMI, VAT and SAT remained as risk factors for low SMI ratio.

Conclusions
These results underscore the importance of addressing sarcopenia and related risk factors, including malnutrition, in the management and prevention of severe falls in the elderly population. Body composition analyzed in CT-scans could add value in this risk assessment. This analysis could be conducted opportunistically during CT scans performed for other purposes.
Gender characteristics, social determinants, and seasonal patterns of malaria incidence, relapse, and mortality in Sistan and Baluchistan province and other province of Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khazaee-Pool Maryam , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran , Yazdani Fereshteh , Ponnet Koen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Malaria is a climate-dependent disease influenced by gender, social determination, seasonal patterns, and relapse incidence This study reviews these characteristics of malaria in the Sistan and Baluchistan (S&B) province and another province of Iran.

Methods
This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted through systematic and manual searches in electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and the Scientific Information Database. Studies from the S&B province, published from 1990 to 2024, written in Farsi and English, and reporting incidence, relapse, or death were included in this study. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.

Results
Out of 1941 studies initially identified, 43 were included in the systematic review, with 12 studies on relapse and 43 on incidence included in the meta-analysis. The combined results of the 43 primary studies using the random effect model showed that the frequency of malaria among infected women is 32% in S&B, 22% in other parts of Iran and 24% in the whole of Iran. This is 68%, 77% and 75% in men respectively. Among the primary studies, 8 deaths were reported in two studies, all of which were men. The incidence rate of malaria relapse varied from 0.30% to 46%. Based on the random effect model, the malaria relapse rate in Iran was estimated at 9%. The highest incidence of malaria in Iran was between spring and summer, and the lowest incidence was winter and spring. Most studies showed a downward trend in malaria incidence of malaria between 1986 to 2019. In term of socio-demographic status, malaria was more common in rural areas (82%). Although 28% were employed, and in term of age, young and old individuals (15 to 50 years) had the highest rate of infection.

Conclusion
This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a lower incidence of malaria in women compared to men. The findings highlight the need for health care and the importance of targeted malaria control interventions, especially for men, rural areas, hot weather conditions, and young to middle-aged age groups, particularly in the S&B province.