bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and Ga‐67 scintigraphy in evaluation of lymphoma
Authors: Kostakoglu Lale , Leonard John P. , Kuji Ichiei , Coleman Morton , Vallabhajosula Shankar , Goldsmith Stanley J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe accuracy of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET; dual‐head camera with attenuation correction) and Ga‐67 scintigraphy was compared to identify disease sites in patients with Hodgkin disease (HD) and intermediate and high‐grade non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) at initial diagnosis or clinical recurrence.METHODSFifty‐one contemporaneous FDG‐PET and Ga‐67 scintigraphies were performed on patients with NHL (35 intermediate grade, 3 high grade) or HD (13 patients). Sites of disease were correlated on a site‐by‐site basis on FDG‐PET and Ga‐67 images. Tumor‐to‐background (T/B) ratios were obtained for both techniques. Discordant FDG‐PET and Ga‐67 findings were correlated with computed tomography findings or clinical evaluation including repeat FDG‐PET scans obtained after therapy.RESULTSFluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography was positive at all 158 sites in 51 patients compared with 113 sites in 41 positive studies with Ga‐67 scintigraphy (single positron emission computed tomography [SPECT] and/or planar images). In 44 patients who had complete Ga‐67 SPECT data on all tumor sites, FDG‐PET was positive at 126 sites and Ga‐67 SPECT was positive at 81 sites. Ga‐67 SPECT failed to demonstrate disease at 45 sites (35.7%). In 10 of 44 patients, Ga‐67 SPECT completely failed to detect any disease at 22 of 45 sites (17.5%) and partially identified disease sites at 23 of 45 sites (18.2%) in 11 patients regardless of the tumor site and histology. In these patients, the lesions measured between 0.6 and 14.0 cm by CT. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography revealed higher stage disease in 13 patients compared with Ga‐67 imaging. Tumor‐to‐background ratios were statistically different between the two techniques with higher ratios obtained with FDG‐PET (P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSIn imaging aggressive lymphoma and HD before therapy, FDG‐PET has significantly higher site and patient sensitivity than Ga‐67 scintigraphy (100% vs. 71.5% and 100% vs. 80.3%, respectively). The change in disease stage by FDG‐PET may result in a change in therapy strategy. Cancer 2002;94:879–88. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10336
Can initial prostate specific antigen determinations eliminate the need for bone scans in patients with newly diagnosed prostate carcinoma?
Authors: Kosuda Shigeru , Yoshimura Ichiro , Aizawa Taku , Koizumi Kiyoshi , Akakura Koichiro , Kuyama Junpei , Ichihara Kiyoshi , Yonese Junji , Koizumi Mitsuru , Nakashima Jun , Fujii Hirofumi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of the current study was to assess rigorously whether serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) determination can eliminate the need for bone scans in Japanese patients with newly diagnosed prostate carcinoma with serum PSA levels ≤ 10 ng/mL.METHODSA retrospective assessment of 1294 patients with newly diagnosed, untreated prostate carcinoma was conducted at the authors' institutions. All patients underwent a bone scan, serum PSA measurement, and core needle biopsy of the prostate. The receiver operating characteristic curve for identifying a positive bone scan based on serum PSA levels and a decision tree were analyzed to determine the expected 10‐year cumulative cost and disease specific survival rate. Two competing strategies were used: PSA alone and PSA plus baseline bone scan. For the PSA‐alone strategy, a baseline bone scan was performed only when the patient had a serum PSA level > 10 ng/mL.RESULTSThe proportion of positive bone scans in patients with serum PSA levels ≤ 10.0 ng/mL was 1.33%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.870. Patients with a Gleason Grade ≥ 3 tumors or with a Gleason score ≥ 7 had a higher proportion of positive bone scans. The 10‐year disease specific survival rates with the PSA‐alone strategy and the PSA‐plus‐bone‐scan strategy were the same. The PSA‐alone strategy was minimally cost effective, with a savings of $16.00 (U.S.) in the cumulative net cost per patient over the PSA‐plus‐bone‐scan strategy.CONCLUSIONSThe current results suggest that baseline bone scans can be eliminated in patients with newly diagnosed prostate carcinoma in Japan who have serum PSA levels ≤ 10 ng/mL. Apparently, it is possible to omit baseline bone scans for patients with a Gleason Grade ≤ 2 tumors or with a Gleason score ≤6. Cancer 2002;94:964–72. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10340
The association between breast carcinoma and meningioma in women
Authors: Custer Brian S. , Koepsell Thomas D. , Mueller Beth A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDPublished case reports of a possible association between meningioma and breast carcinoma are not uncommon in the literature. Four published analytic studies have addressed this suggested association specifically. Three of these studies reported significant associations, with relative risk estimates mostly between 1.5 and 2.0. The other study reported relative risk point estimates near 1.5, but confidence intervals included 1.0. The current study was a population‐based, retrospective cohort analysis that evaluated the risk of subsequent breast carcinoma in women who were diagnosed with meningioma and the risk of subsequent meningioma in women who were diagnosed with breast carcinoma.METHODSThe measure of association is the relative risk and is reported as the standardized incidence ratio (SIR). Using western Washington State cancer registry data and intercensal population estimates for western Washington State, incidence rates of second primary tumor were compared between identified meningioma and breast carcinoma cohorts and the general population for the years 1992–1998.RESULTSThe risk of breast carcinoma after patients were diagnosed with meningioma (SIR) was 1.54 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.77–2.75). The risk of meningioma after patients were diagnosed with breast carcinoma was 1.40 (95% CI, 0.67–2.58), and the risk of meningioma after patients were diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma was 1.64 (95% CI, 0.79–3.02). In each combination for age groups ages > 50 years, risks were elevated, but the confidence intervals included 1.0.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that the risk of meningioma among women who have experienced breast carcinoma and the risk of breast carcinoma among women who have experienced meningioma are elevated moderately. Shared risk factors may account for the relatively week bidirectional associations seen in this and other studies. Cancer 2002;94:1626–35. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10410
Heterogeneity of risk for melanoma and pancreatic and digestive malignancies
Authors: Rutter Joni L. , Bromley Christina M. , Goldstein Alisa M. , Elder David E. , Holly Elizabeth A. , Guerry DuPont , Hartge Patricia , Struewing Jeffery P. , Hogg David , Halpern Allan , Sagebiel Richard W. , Tucker Margaret A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDData addressing the interfamilial heterogeneity of melanoma are limited. In the current study, the authors assessed melanoma risk according to family history of melanoma and other melanoma‐associated malignancies and evaluated the familial heterogeneity of melanomas, pancreatic malignancies, and gastrointestinal malignancies.METHODSThe authors obtained patient histories of malignancy in first‐degree relatives as part of a clinic‐based case–control study. The case group included 737 newly diagnosed patients with invasive melanoma, and the control group included 1021 outpatients from clinics at the same medical centers. To assess heterogeneity of risk among families affected by melanoma, a nonparametric method was used to detect extrabinomial variation. In addition, selected patients with melanoma (n = 133) were tested for germline mutations in CDKN2A.RESULTSThe adjusted odds ratio associated with a family history of melanoma was 1.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.1–2.7). Family histories of pancreatic, gastrointestinal, brain, breast, or lymphoproliferative disease did not increase the risk of melanoma significantly. Among case families, significant evidence of familial heterogeneity was found for melanomas, but not for pancreatic or gastrointestinal malignancies. Two mutations in CDKN2A previously associated with melanoma risk were identified among the 133 patients tested in the case group; mutation detection did not differ between families with low and high heterogeneity scores.CONCLUSIONSFamilial heterogeneity testing in the study population did not improve the selection of high‐risk families for genetic study. Even in a large case–control study, few families that had multiple members with melanoma were identified, and family members with pancreatic malignancies were rare. Cancer 2004. Published 2004 by the American Cancer Society.
CD4 lymphopenia as a risk factor for febrile neutropenia and early death after cytotoxic chemotherapy in adult patients with cancer
Authors: Borg Christophe , Ray‐Coquard Isabelle , Philip Irene , Clapisson Gilles , Bendriss‐Vermare Nathalie , Menetrier‐Caux Christine , Sebban Catherine , Biron Pierre , Blay Jean‐Yves 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDLymphopenia is frequently observed in patients with cancer and correlates with the risk of febrile neutropenia and early death after chemotherapy. The phenotype of the depleted lymphocyte populations was investigated in the current study.METHODSPeripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD56) were quantified on Day 1 using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting in a prospective study of 213 patients with cancer treated with chemotherapy in a single oncology ward during 12 months. Correlations between lymphocyte phenotype, clinical characteristics, and the risk of febrile neutropenia and early death within 31 days after chemotherapy were investigated in univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTSTotal lymphocyte count and CD3, CD4, and CD8 lymphocyte subsets were significantly lower in patients who experienced febrile neutropenia. Total lymphocyte count and CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, and CD56 lymphocyte subsets were significantly lower in patients who died within 31 days after chemotherapy. Using logistic regression, CD4 lymphopenia (< 450/μL; odds ratio [OR] = 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5–5.9) and the dose of chemotherapy (OR = 3,9, 95% CI = 2.0–7.8) were both identified as independent risk factors for febrile neutropenia. Fifty‐four percent of patients with both risk factors experienced febrile neutropenia. CD4 lymphocyte count < 450/μL was also an independent risk factor for early death (OR = 7.7, 95% CI = 1.7–35). Thirteen percent of patients with a CD4 lymphocyte count ≤ 450/μL died within 31 days after chemotherapy. Eighty‐seven percent (14 of 16) of patients who died before Day 31 had a CD4 lymphocyte count < 450/μL.CONCLUSIONSA low CD4 count was an independent risk factor for febrile neutropenia and early death in patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Opioid switching from transdermal fentanyl to oral methadone in patients with cancer pain
Authors: Benítez‐Rosario Miguel Angel , Feria Manuel , Salinas‐Martín Antonio , Martínez‐Castillo Luis Pedro , Martín‐Ortega José Javier 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients with cancer often are rotated from other opioids to methadone to improve the balance between analgesia and side effects. To the authors' knowledge, no clear guidelines currently exist for the safe and effective rotation from transdermal fentanyl to methadone.METHODSThe authors evaluated a protocol for switching opioid from transdermal fentanyl to oral methadone in 17 patients with cancer. Reasons for switching were uncontrolled pain (41.1% of patients) and neurotoxic side effects (58.9% of patients). Methadone was initiated 8–24 hours after fentanyl withdrawal, depending on the patient's previous opioid doses (from < 100 μg per hour to > 300 μg per hour). The starting methadone dose was calculated according to a 2‐step conversion between transdermal fentanyl:oral morphine (1:100 ratio) and oral morphine:oral methadone (5:1 ratio or 10:1 ratio). The correlation between previous fentanyl dose and the final methadone dose or the fentanyl:methadone dose ratio was assessed by means of Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients (r), respectively. A Friedman test was used to compare pain intensity before and after the switch and the use of daily rescue doses.RESULTSOpioid rotation was fully or partially effective in 80% and 20%, respectively, of patients with somatic pain. Neuropathic pain was not affected by opioid switching. Delirium and myoclonus were reverted in 80% and 100% of patients, respectively, after opioid switching. A positive linear correlation was obtained between the fentanyl and methadone doses (Pearson r, 0.851). Previous fentanyl doses were not correlated with the final fentanyl:methadone dose ratios (Spearman r, − 0.327).CONCLUSIONSThe protocol studied provided a safe approach for switching from transdermal fentanyl to oral methadone, improving the balance between analgesia and side effects in patients with cancer. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Variations of concentric hair cells in a Cnidarian sensory epithelium (Coryne tubulosa)
Authors: Holtmann Matthias , Thurm Ulrich 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn capitate hydropolyps, the spherical end‐knobs of the short tentacles present an exceptional concentration of sensory functions in one of the evolutionarily oldest nervous systems. The tentacular spheres are the basis of sensation and discrimination of objects and of capturing of prey‐objects by the discharge of nematocytes (stinging cells). Recent electrophysiological studies of the spheres revealed combined chemo/mechanosensory functioning of the nematocytes and mechanosensitivity of further types of cells. The present electron microscopical study made use of the small size of the spheres of Coryne tubulosa to characterize all cells of some spheres. Five types of ectodermal cells were found to have sensory structural features and to be separated by or enclosed in supporting cells: 1) nematocytes of the stenotele type; 2) short and 3) long ciliated concentric hair cells, which carry a cilium‐stereovilli bundle, similar to the cnidocil apparatus of nematocytes; 4) cells having a recessed cilium‐microvilli complex equipped with a thick cell‐traversing rootlet (rootlet cells); and 5) cells having a recessed short cilium with no microvilli and only a short rootlet and containing, apically as well as basally, aggregations of dense‐core vesicles (vesicle‐rich cells). Types 1–4 vary the configuration of a concentric cilium‐microvilli complex (variations of a concentric hair bundle) and were demonstrated or inferred to be mechanosensitive. Apical exocytotic activity, which is well known for the nematocytes (discharge of their cnidocyst), is indicated by ultrastructure for the nematocyte‐resembling concentric hair cells and for the vesicle‐rich cells. The tentacular spheres are considered an early paradigm of a sensory epithelium. Its synaptic structures and extensive connectivity are the subject of a subsequent paper. J. Comp. Neurol. 432:550–563, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolution in complex systems
Authors: Anderson Paul E. , Jensen Henrik Jeldtoft , Oliveira L. P. , Sibani Paolo 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWhat features characterize complex system dynamics? Power laws and scale invariance of fluctuations are often taken as the hallmarks of complexity, drawing on analogies with equilibrium critical phenomena. Here we argue that slow, directed dynamics, during which the system's properties change significantly, is fundamental. The underlying dynamics is related to a slow, decelerating but spasmodic release of an intrinsic strain or tension. Time series of a number of appropriate observables can be analyzed to confirm this effect. The strain arises from local frustration. As the strain is released through “quakes,” some system variable undergoes record statistics with accompanying log‐Poisson statistics for the quake event times. We demonstrate these phenomena via two very different systems: a model of magnetic relaxation in type II superconductors and the Tangled Nature model of evolutionary ecology and show how quantitative indications of aging can be found. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 10: 49–56, 2004
High resolution neutron and X‐ray diffraction studies as a function of temperature and electric field of the ferroelectric phase transition of RDP
Authors: Mattauch S. , Heger G. , Michel K. H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNeutron and high resolution X‐ray diffraction investigations on perfect single crystals of RbH2PO4 (RDP), a hydrogen bonded ferroelectric of KDP type are reported. The results of crystal structure analysis from diffraction data, below and above the paraelectric ‐ ferroelectric phase transition, support a disorder ‐ order character of [PO4H2]‐‐groups. The tetragonal symmetry of the paraelectric phase with the double well potential of the hydrogen atoms obtained by diffraction, results simply from a time‐space average of orthorhombic symmetry. According to the group ‐ subgroup relation between the tetragonal space group I42d and the orthorhombic Fdd2 a short range order of ferroelectric clusters in the tetragonal phase is observed. With decreasing temperature the ferroelectric clusters increase and the long range interaction between their local polarisation vectors leads to the formation of lamellar ferroelectric domains with alternating polarisation directions at TC = 147 K. From the high resolution X‐ray data it is concluded that below TC the ferroelastic strain in the (a,b)‐plane leads to micro‐angle grain boundaries at the domain walls. The tilt angle is enhanced by an applied electric field parallel to the ferroelectric axis. The resulting dislocations at the domain walls persist in the paraelectric phase leading to a memory effect for the arrangement of twin lamellae. With increased electric field the phase transition temperature TC is decreased. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Watermarking on CNN‐UM for image and video authentication
Authors: Yalçın M. E. , Vandewalle J. , Arena P. , Basile A. , Fortuna L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this paper a new approach to fragile watermarking technique is introduced. This problem is particularly interesting in the field of modern multimedia applications, when image and video authentication are required. The approach exploits the cellular automata suitability to work as pseudorandom pattern generators and extends the related algorithms under the framework of the cellular non‐linear networks (CNNs). The result is a novel way to perform watermarking generation in real time, using the presently available CNN‐universal chip prototypes. In this paper, both the CNN algorithms for fragile watermarking as well as on‐chip experimental results are reported, confirming the suitability of CNNs to successfully act as real‐time watermarking generators. The availability of CNN‐based visual microprocessors allows to have powerful algorithms to watermark in real time images or videos for efficient smart camera applications. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient implementation of PRNGs based on the digital sawtooth map
Authors: Alioto Massimo , Bernardi Simone , Fort Ada , Rocchi Santina , Vignoli Valerio 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this paper, the sawtooth map digitally implemented is analysed to evaluate its suitability for pseudo‐random binary numbers generation. Period and statistical properties of the sequences generated by the digital map are evaluated versus arithmetic precision, approximation strategy and characteristic parameter of the map.In general, the digital implementation of the sawtooth map requires the use of a multiplier, which is quite expensive in terms of gate count. However, results show that values of design parameters that lead to adequate statistical features and to a relatively high period also allow for significantly reducing the complexity required in the implementation.To better evaluate performance of the digital sawtooth map as a pseudo‐random number generator, it is compared to a linear feedback shift register with the same number of flip‐flops, which is well known for its output sequences with a long period, appealing statistical quality, and for a reduced gate count. Performance comparison and implementation on a programmable logic device show that the digital sawtooth map is suitable for pseudo‐random number generation, also requiring a relatively small amount of hardware. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical Models of the Planar Magnetron Glow Discharges
Authors: Kolev I. , Bogaerts A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe outlines of two methods for numerical simulation ‐ hybrid and PIC/MCC of DC magnetrons are presented. Typical results from both of them are shown and compared. The hybrid model is faster, but has limited validity range. The PIC/MCC model, on the other hand, is stable for all operational conditions and does not require any assumptions, but is computationally expensive. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Nanothermodynamic Analysis of Cubic Boron Nitride Nucleation upon Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Wang C.X. , Liu Q.X. , Yang G.W. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBased on a boron nitride thermodynamic equilibrium phase diagram, a nanothermodynamic analysis was proposed, with respect to the effect of nanometer‐size‐induced additional pressure on the Gibbs' free energy of critical nuclei and the phase transition of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) to cubic boron nitride (c‐BN), to elucidate nucleation of c‐BN during chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Notably, the analysis showed that the effect of surface tension induced by the nanometer‐size curvature of critical nuclei could drive the metastable phase region of c‐BN nucleation into the stable phase region of the boron nitride phase diagram; consequently, c‐BN nucleation would occur prior to h‐BN nucleation in the competing growth of c‐BN and h‐BN upon CVD.
Psammoma body and its precursors in papillary thyroid carcinoma: A study by fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Das Dilip K. , Mallik Mrinmay K. , Haji Bahiyah E. , Ahmed Mahmoud S. , Al‐Shama'a Mariam , Al‐Ayadhy Bushra , George Sara S. , Sathar Sitara A. , Junaid Thamradeen A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPsammoma bodies (PBs) form an important diagnostic criterion of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), but their mechanism of formation is not clear. Following our observation in a case of PTC that laminated hyaline globules may be the precursor form of PBs, the present study was undertaken to find out their relation to PBs in PTC cases. Fifty‐four cases of PTC and 14 follicular neoplasms, diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, were studied by one of the investigators (DKD) to find out the PBs, irregular calcifications, hyaline globules, and other forms made of similar material. PBs along with irregular calcification were present in five PTC cases, PB alone was present in 1 case, and irregular calcification alone was present in 4 cases. Large hyaline globules (LHGs), small hyaline globules (SHGs), branching hyaline cylinders (BHCs), and irregular hyaline deposits (IHDs) were identified in 10, 14, 6, and 9 cases, respectively. One or more of these four forms were present altogether in 18 (33.3%) of PTC cases and none of the follicular neoplasms (P = 0.0142). These forms were present in 80.0% of cases with PB/irregular calcifications as opposed to 22.7% in cases without them (P = 0.0012). Our observations suggest that LHGs, SHGs, and BHCs are precursors of PBs and IHDs serve as a nidus for irregular calcification. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:380–386. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.