bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunobiological Peculiarities of Cholesteatoma in Children: Quantification of Epithelial Proliferation by MIB 1
Authors: Bujía Jesús , Holly Anja , Antolí‐Candela Francisco , Tapia Mario Guzman , Kastenbauer Ernst 
Published: November 2003

AbstractCholesteatoma in children is characterized by a more extensive and rapid growth in the middle ear and mastoid cavities. The growth characteristics of the cholesteatoma in 20 children were studied using the monoclonal antibody MIB 1, which recognizes a nuclear antigen expressed by cells in the G1, S, and G2/M phases. Specimens of normal adult auditory meatal skin (n = 15) and adult cholesteatoma (n = 15) served as controls. The tissue specimens were prepared for immunohistochemical examination using the alkaline phosphatase‐antialkaline phosphatase method and an automatic image analyzer. Specimens of normal skin revealed an average MIB 1 score of 9.2 ± 3.1%. Child and adult cholesteatomas showed higher values. The average MIB 1 score was higher in child cholesteatoma (42 ± 9.4%) than in adult cholesteatoma (28.2± 6%). This difference was statistically significant (P<.01). Our results confirm a significant increase of the proliferative rate of cholesteatoma keratinocytes in children, giving an explanation for the more aggressive clinical behavior observed in these patients.Laryngoscope, 106:865‐868, 1996
Prognostic Value of EGFR and TGF‐α in Early Laryngeal Cancer Treated With Radiotherapy
Authors: Wen Qing‐Hua , Miwa Takaki , Yoshizaki Tomokazu , Nagayama Ikuo , Furukawa Mitruru , Nishijima Hiroshi 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the overexpression of both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and transforming growth factoralpha(TGF‐α) (a ligand of EGFR) in early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, we attempted to evaluate the prognostic values of our findings.Expression of EGFR and TGF‐α in tumor tissue was examined immunohistochemically in 68 patients who had been treated with radiotherapy for early laryngeal cancer. Overexpression of the two factors was noted in 42.6% and 55.9%, respectively. No significant differences due to age, tumor size, and location or grade of cancer tissues were seen.Higher survival rates, found in patients with EGFR (‐) and TGF‐α (‐) tumors as compared with those with EGFR (+) and TGF‐α (+) (97.4%, 100% and 86.2%, 86.8%, respectively), were not statistically significant. The recurrence rates were similar between EGFR (+) and EGFR (‐) (37.9% and 35.9%, respectively). However, the recurrence rate in patients with TGF‐α (+) was significantly higher (57.9%) than in those with TGF‐α (‐) (10%; P<.01). Therefore overexpression of TGF‐α may be an important indicator for recurrence in patients with early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated by irradiation.Laryngoscope, 106:884‐885, 1996
Microbiology of Subperiosteal Orbital Abscess and Associated Maxillary Sinusitis
Authors: Brook Itzhak , Frazier Edith H. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAspirate of pus from eight subperiosteal orbital abscesses (SPOAs) and their corresponding infected sinuses were studied for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Polymicrobial flora was found in all instances, and the number of isolates varied from two to five. Anaerobes were recovered from all specimens. The predominant isolates were Peptostreptococcus spp,Prevotella spp, Fusobacterium spp,Staphylococcus aureus, and microaerophilic streptococci. Concordance in the microbiological findings between SPOA and the infected sinus was found in all instances. However, certain organisms were only present at one site and not the other. Fourteen β‐lactamase‐producing organisms were present in nine specimens. These data confirm the importance of anaerobic bacteria in sinusitis and demonstrate their predominance in the associated SPOA.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Upper Respiratory Epithelium
Authors: Rosbe Kristina W. , Mims James W. , Prazma Jiri , Petrusz Peter , Rose Austin , Drake Amelia F. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) production in the respiratory epithelium of the upper airways has recently been described. To better delineate the role of epithelial NO, the authors of this study attempted to identify the cell type responsible for the production of NO in rat tracheal epithelium and human nasal epithelium. They localized the activity of NO through immunohistochemical analysis with an antibody to L‐citrulline, a marker for activity of the L‐arginine‐dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway. Using anti‐inducible NOS (iNOS) and anti‐constitutive NOS (cNOS) antibodies, they also attempted to identify the specific NO isotypes that were present.The tracheal and nasal epithelium demonstrated strong immunoreactivity to citrulline in ciliated cells. The ciliated cells of the nasal turbinates demonstrated strong iNOS positivity, but no significant cNOS immunoreactivity. The study findings that iNOS activity is present in ciliated epithelial cells of rat and human upper respiratory epithelium suggest that NO may play a role in epithelial homeostasis and could potentially play a role in the pathogenesis of mucociliary dysfunction.
Evaluation of the Vestibular System by Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Authors: Welsh Louis W. , Welsh John J. , Jaffe Stephen C. , Healy Michael P. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis report describes the normal arterial patterns of the vestibulocerebellar regions visualized by magnetic resonance angiography. Variations in the vertebrobasilar arterial system are described, limitations in imaging are discussed, and collateral connections within the cerebellar vessels and the circle of Willis are reviewed. Clinical correlations are defined between the vestibular nuclei, the associated intra‐axial tracts, and with specific posterior cerebral and brain stem arteries.
Ear Candles‐Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Seely Daniel R. , Quigley Suzanne M. , Langman Alan W. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractEar candles are a popular and inexpensive alternative health treatment advocated for cerumen removal. A hollow candle is burned with one end in the ear canal with the intent of creating negative pressure and drawing cerumen from the ear. If effective, significant savings could result from the use of ear candles. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of this alternative method for cerumen management. Tympanometric measurements in an ear canal model demonstrated that ear candles do not produce negative pressure. A limited clinical trial (eight ears) showed no removal of cerumen from the external auditory canal. Candle wax was actually deposited in some. A survey of 122 otolaryngologists identified 21 ear injuries resulting from ear candle use. Ear candles have no benefit in the management of cerumen and may result in serious injury.Laryngoscope, 106:1226‐1229, 1996
Enhanced Reliability and Renewed Applications of the Deltopectoral Flap in Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Kingdom Todd T. , Singer Mark I. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBakamjian introduced the deltopectoral skin flap in 1965, and thereafter it was used extensively for reconstructive surgery of the head and neck. Flap failure rates of 10% to 25% were reported, necessitating the development of alternative methods of reconstruction and eventually relegating the flap to historical references. Since 1991, we have used the deltopectoral flap in 24 patients for reconstruction after head and neck tumor surgery. Simple technical modifications have been used to enhance the reliability of this flap, with no observed failures or even partial flap loss. The deltopectoral flap remains a versatile and reliable tissue source that can be used simultaneously with the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for a variety of complex head and neck reconstructions.Laryngoscope, 106:1230‐1233, 1996
Tympanostomies With Tubes: The Parent Perspective
Authors: Urben Susan L. , Nichols Richard D. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSuccessful physician‐patient encounters satisfy patient and family member needs beyond the effect on the disease process itself. To evaluate that aspect of care in children with chronic and recurrent acute otitis media with effusion, surveys regarding perceptions of health, socioeconomic issues, and other aspects of postoperative status were sent to the parents of 637 children who underwent tympanostomies with tubes in 1994. Three hundred one (47.3%) were returned. Responses included perceptions of improved health (87%), improvement in socioeconomic factors (75%), overall satisfaction with the results of the operation (93%), and willingness to consent to the operation given similar problems in another child (87%). There were no significant differences in responses with regard to patient gender, length of follow‐up, or multiple operations. These results suggest that patient and family needs are satisfied by tympanostomies with tubes.Laryngoscope, 106:1269‐1273, 1996
Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Friedman Michael , Venkatesan T. K. , Lang David , Caldarelli David D. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis prospective study was conducted to examine pain after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The hypothesis was that a long‐acting anesthetic agent would result in patients experiencing less pain in the 24‐hour postoperative period and therefore needing fewer oral analgesics. We randomized 100 patients undergoing ESS to receive either lidocaine (1% or 2%) with epinephrine or bupivacaine (0.25% or 0.5%) with epinephrine as an anesthetic and for a sphenopalatine block. Postoperative pain was assessed with a standard numeric pain assessment scale at baseline and at 2, 6, and 24 hours after surgery. The use of analgesics during this period was also documented. We compared the results between patients receiving bupivacaine and those receiving lidocaine, as well as between patients who required nasal packing and those who did not. We discovered that in general, pain after ESS was less severe than expected. We further found that the type of anesthetic used did not significantly affect postoperative pain; pain score changes and use of analgesics were similar between the two anesthesia groups. Postoperative pain was also similar between the “packing” and “no packing” groups. Although patients receiving packing had consistently lower increases in pain (and in fact many patients in this group had decreases in pain from baseline), none of the differences between group means was statistically significant.
Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients Presenting for Snoring Surgery
Authors: Pradhan Pratik S. , Gliklich Richard E. , Winkelman John 
Published: November 2003

AbstractExcessive mortality is associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Therefore it is important to diagnose OSA in patients presenting for snoring surgery. A prospective study was performed to develop screening models to detect OSA compared with universal polysomnography for sensitivity and cost. Multivariate analysis of 150 consecutive patients was based on clinical data, questionnaire data, and polysomnography. Two screening models obtained 100% sensitivity and reduced the need for polysomnograms. Cost savings of screening based on clinical data was projected to be $35 to $80 per patient using reported prevalence rates of OSA among snorers. A screening model for OSA using clinical data alone is more cost‐effective than one that combines these data with pulse oximetry data, but savings over universal polysomnography were modest.
Staged Repair of Cervical Tracheoesophageal Fistulae
Authors: Shaari Christopher M. , Biller Hugh F. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAcquired, nonmalignant tracheoesophageal (TE) fistulae are most often iatrogenic or trauma induced. When a cervical TE fistula is complicated by tracheal stenosis or malacia, a single‐stage repair of the fistula and tracheal defect is usually advocated. Complications of this single‐stage repair, which occur in 25% to 50% of patients, are secondary to either excess tension at the tracheal anastomosis or the presence of inflammation at the time of tracheal anastomosis. Complications include recurrent tracheal stenosis, pneumonia, or a recurrent TE fistula.This report describes the senior author's techniques of reconstructing the trachea when tracheal stenosis complicates a TE fistula. These techniques are illustrated in two case reports of patients with postintubation TE fistulae. Current methods of tracheal reconstruction in this setting are reviewed. The incidence of postoperative complications may decrease if tracheal reconstruction is delayed until the fistula is successfully closed.
The Effect of Topical Vasodilating Agents on Microvascular Vessel Diameter in the Rat Model
Authors: Kerschner Joseph E. , Futran Neal D. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTopical vasodilating agents maximize blood flow and prevent vasospasm in microvascular tissuetransfer procedures. Two commonly used agents are papaverine and lidocaine. Although these drugs have vasodilating properties, no studies have directly compared their vasodilating abilities in a controlled, in vivo model. We used videomicroscopy and direct microscopic measurements to compare the vasodilating capacity of papaverine, 1% lidocaine, and saline solution in the femoral artery of Sprague‐Dawley rats. Degree of maximum dilation, ability to sustain dilation, average dilation over a 10‐minute period, and time to achieve maximum dilation were considered. Both papaverine and lidocaine were found to be superior to saline solution as vasodilating agents. Papaverine was found to sustain vasodilation longer than lidocaine, suggesting that it is a superior vasodilating agent in microvascular anastomoses.
Differentiation Between Schwannoma of the Vagus Nerve and Schwannoma of the Cervical Sympathetic Chain by Imaging Diagnosis
Authors: Furukawa Masaki , Furukawa Madoka K. , Katoh Kiyoshi , Tsukuda Mamoru 
Published: November 2003

AbstractUltrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging were performed to differentiate preoperatively between schwannomas of the vagus nerve and schwannomas of the cervical sympathetic chain by observing the position of schwannomas in regard to the surrounding blood vessels. Ultrasonography also permitted direct visualization of the vagus nerve, so its position relative to the schwannoma could be examined.In schwannomas of the vagus nerve the schwannoma grew between the common carotid artery and the internal jugular vein or between the internal carotid artery and the internal jugular vein, resulting in an increase in the distance between the artery and vein (separation). In schwannomas of the cervical sympathetic chain, no separation was observed between the internal jugular vein and the common carotid artery or internal carotid artery.Ultrasonography with a 7.5‐MHz transducer showed the derivation of the tumor from the vagus nerve in schwannomas of the vagus nerve but showed the vagus nerve on the tumor surface in schwannomas of the cervical sympathetic chain.
The Outcome of Vestibular Nerve Section for Intractable Vertigo: The Patient's Point of View
Authors: Reid Colin B , Eisenberg Robert , Halmagyi G. Michael , Fagan Paul A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTo document the outcome of vestibular nerve section from the patient's point of view we reviewed 102 patients who had undergone vestibular nerve section 1 to 10 years after operation. Only 3 patients had experienced further vertigo attacks: 2 of these were cured by a further, this time translabyrinthine vestibular nerve section; 1 patient developed multiple sclerosis. In contrast, about 50% of patients developed some subjective problem with balance while standing or walking; in 15% it was present all the time and of moderate severity. Despite this, over 85% of patients reported that they felt much better or back to normal after the operation and were satisfied with the outcome. The development and application of objective preoperative measures of vestibular and, in particular, vestibulospinal function might improve patient selection for vestibular nerve section and thus reduce the number of dissatisfied patients.
Pediatric Aerodigestive Foreign Body Injuries Are Complications Related to Timeliness of Diagnosis
Authors: Reilly J. , Thompson J. , MacArthur C. , Pransky S. , Beste D. , Smith M. , Gray S. , Manning S. , Walter M. , Derkay C. , Muntz H. , Friedman E. , Myer C.M. , Seibert R. , Riding K. , Cuyler J. , Todd W. , Smith R. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractForeign body (FB) injury from aspiration or ingestion is a common pediatric health problem. Diagnosis relies on clinical judgment plus medical history, physical examination, and radiographic evaluation. A multi‐institutional review of 1269 FB events revealed that 85% were correctly diagnosed following a single physician encounter. However, 15% of the children had an elusive diagnosis(>1 week), despite previous evaluation. Delays in diagnosis were seven times more likely to occur in aspirations than in ingestions. Secondary injuries(e.g., pneumonia and atelectasis) occurred in 13% of airway FBs but in only 1.7% of esophageal FBs. Plain radiographs were used in 82% of children, and special studies (e.g., fluoroscopy) in only 7%. We conclude that diagnosis of FB injury in children is frequently achieved at the initial evaluation but that continued surveillance by follow‐up visits to health care facilities from parents and other caretakers is important, to reduce pulmonary injuries.
Rehabilitation of Patients with Extended Facial and Craniofacial Resection
Authors: Mathog Robert H. , Shibuya Terry , Leider Jeffrey , Marunick Mark 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSurgery of benign and malignant disease of the nose and sinuses can result in disfigurement and disability. Many patients have speech, mastication, and swallowing problems, anosmia, and pain. If the orbit is retained, visual loss, dystopia, diplopia, and epiphora can occur.This study reviews the senior author's experience with 34 patients over the last 18 years. Group and case analyses demonstrate that in patients with cancer, the eye can be preserved if one anatomical boundary is retained beyond a negative frozen section margin. Dystopia can be prevented by reconstruction of the floor with skin and fascial grafts or flaps. Epiphora can be reduced by repair of the medial canthus and dacryocystorhinostomy. Evidence is presented for prosthetic management of speech and swallowing and restoration of cheek contour. Case examples are used to illustrate the surgical techniques.
Expression of the RET/PTC Fusion Gene as a Marker for Papillary Carcinoma in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Authors: Wirtschafter Ari , Schmidt Richard , Rosen David , Kundu Nandita , Santoro Massimo , Fusco Alfredo , Multhaupt Hinke , Atkins Joseph P. , Rosen Marc R. , Keane William M. , Rothstein Jay L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractHashimoto's thyroiditis is an inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland with autoimmune etiology.1 Patients afflicted with Hashimoto's have a higher risk of thyroid malignancies such as papillary thyroid carcinoma.2 In the present study, we investigated the frequency of papillary thyroid carcinoma specific genes in patients diagnosed with Hashimoto's disease. The newly identified oncogenes RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 provide useful and specific markers of the early stages of papillary carcinoma as they are highly specific for malignant cells. Using a sensitive and specific reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay, we found messenger RNA(mRNA) expression for the RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 oncogenes in 95% of the Hashimoto's patients studied. All Hashimoto's patients presenting without histopathologic evidence of papillary thyroid cancer showed molecular genetic evidence of cancer. These data suggest that multiple, independent occult tumors exist in these patiens at high frequency.
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and 109 Mycetomas of Paranasal Sinuses
Authors: Klossek Jean‐Michel , Serrano Elie , Péloquin Louis , Percodani Josiane , Fontanel Jean‐Pierre , Pessey Jean‐Jacques 
Published: November 2003

AbstractMycetomas of paranasal sinuses are more frequently diagnosed with the widespread use of nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT). We present a series of 109 cases treated by functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) with a mean follow‐up of 29 months. All localizations were seen, and contrary to what was initially thought, seven cases presented in multiple sites. Several clinical presentations were found, from a pansinusal involvement to a simple mycetoma hanging in a superior meatus. A heterogeneous sinus opacity with microcalcifications on CT scan is very suggestive of the diagnosis, but a homogeneous opacity may be encountered even with bone lysis. FESS was performed in all cases to obtain a wide opening of the affected sinuses, permitting a careful extraction of all fungal material. In the postoperative period, no medical treatment is prescribed. With a mean follow‐up of 29 months, only four recurrences were seen. This study reinforces the interest in FESS for cases of mycetoma of the paranasal sinuses.
Major Patterns of Laryngeal Electromyography and Their Clinical Application
Authors: Yin Shengguang S. , Qiu William W. , Stucker Fred J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractLaryngeal electromyography (LEMG) is clinically valuable in the evaluation of laryngeal dysfunction and vocal fold immobility. To facilitate clinical application of this electrophysiologic test, a detailed description of modified LEMG techniques is presented. The techniques were applied for simultaneous bilateral recordings of the thyroarytenoid, cricothyroid, and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. The basic patterns of LEMG are classified into three different types: normal, neuropathy, and myopathy. In an attempt to characterize these patterns, we have reported eight LEMG‐documented cases: unilateral laryngeal paralysis, bilateral laryngeal paralysis, cricoarytenoid joint dislocation, cricoarytenoid joint ankylosis, laryngeal myopathy, pharyngeal paralysis (soft palate paralysis), spasmodic dysphonia, and unilateral laryngeal paralysis with anastomosis. The significance of the major LEMG patterns is discussed.
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Diagnosis of Allergic Fungal Sinusitis
Authors: Manning Scott C. , Merkel Marie , Kriesel Kevin , Vuitch Frank , Marple Bradley 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to describe CT and MR findings in patients with allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS). CT and MR images were examined from 10 patients with histologically proven AFS. All patients demonstrated CT evidence of central sinus high attenuation and T2‐weighted MR signal void corresponding to surgically proven areas of thick inspissated allergic mucin. AFS is a distinct clinical entity with a highly specific radiographic appearance based on CT and MRI.
Delphian Lymph Node in Laryngeal Carcinoma: A Whole Organ Study
Authors: Thaler Erica R. , Montone Kathleen , Tucker John , Weinstein Gregory S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe incidence of Delphian or cricothyroid lymph node involvement in laryngeal carcinoma was studied in whole organ sections of 92 laryngectomy specimens. Histologic examination revealed that of the 92 whole organ sections, 8 were noted to have cricothyroid node involvement (8.7%). All 8 patients had submucosal involvement of the conus elasticus, 7 had involvement of the subglottic mucosa, and 6 had invasion of the cricoid cartilage. Four of the 8 patients with cricothyroid node involvement died of the disease, 3 of whom had stomal recurrence. None of the patients who died of disease had surgical management of the paratracheal lymph nodes or postoperative radiation therapy. The benefit of surgical margins of the paratracheal lymph node bed as well as the role of radiation therapy are discussed.