bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes of deep brain stimulation for obsessive‐compulsive disorder: Insight as a predictor of symptom changes
Authors: Acevedo Nicola , Rossell Susan , Castle David , Groves Clare , Cook Mark , McNeill Peter , Olver James , Meyer Denny , Perera Thushara , Bosanac Peter 
Published: November 2023

AimDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a safe and effective treatment option for people with refractory obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). Yet our understanding of predictors of response and prognostic factors remains rudimentary, and long‐term comprehensive follow‐ups are lacking. We aim to investigate the efficacy of DBS therapy for OCD patients, and predictors of clinical response.MethodsEight OCD participants underwent DBS stimulation of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in an open‐label longitudinal trial, duration of follow‐up varied between 9 months and 7 years. Post‐operative care involved comprehensive fine tuning of stimulation parameters and adjunct multidisciplinary therapy.ResultsSix participants achieved clinical response (35% improvement in obsessions and compulsions on the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS)) within 6–9 weeks, response was maintained at last follow up. On average, the YBOCS improved by 45% at last follow up. Mixed linear modeling elucidated directionality of symptom changes: insight into symptoms strongly predicted (P = 0.008) changes in symptom severity during DBS therapy, likely driven by initial changes in depression and anxiety. Precise localization of DBS leads demonstrated that responders most often had their leads (and active contacts) placed dorsal compared to non‐responders, relative to the Nac.ConclusionThe clinical efficacy of DBS for OCD is demonstrated, and mediators of changes in symptoms are proposed. The symptom improvements within this cohort should be seen within the context of the adjunct psychological and biopsychosocial care that implemented a shared decision‐making approach, with flexible iterative DBS programming. Further research should explore the utility of insight as a clinical correlate of response. The trial was prospectively registered with the ANZCTR (ACTRN12612001142820).
Genotype‐dependent Strategies to “Overcome” Excessive Light: Insights into Non‐Photochemical Quenching under High Light Intensity
Authors: Shomali Aida , Aliniaeifard Sasan , Mohammadian Mohammad , Lotfi Mahmoud , Kalaji Hazem M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHigh light (HL) intensities have a significant impact on energy flux and distribution within photosynthetic apparatus. To understand the effect of high light intensity (HL) on the HL tolerance mechanisms in tomatoes, we examined the response of the photosynthesis apparatus of 12 tomato genotypes to HL. A reduced electron transfer per reaction center (ET0/RC), an increased energy dissipation (DI0/RC) and non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ), along with a reduced maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (FV/FM), and performance index per absorbed photon (PIABS) were common HL‐induced responses among genotypes; however, the magnitude of those responses was highly genotype‐dependent. Tolerant and sensitive genotypes were distinguished based on chlorophyll fluorescence and energy‐quenching responses to HL. Tolerant genotypes alleviated excess light through energy‐dependent quenching (qE), resulting in smaller photoinhibitory quenching (qI) compared to sensitive genotypes. Quantum yield components also shifted under HL, favoring the quantum yield of NPQ (ՓNPQ) and the quantum yield of basal energy loss (ՓN0), while reducing the efficient quantum yield of PSII (ՓPSII). The impact of HL on tolerant genotypes was less pronounced. While the energy partitioning ratio did not differ significantly between sensitive and tolerant genotypes, the ratio of NPQ components, especially qI, affected plant resilience against HL. These findings provide insights into different patterns of HL‐induced NPQ components in tolerant and sensitive genotypes, aiding the development of resilient crops for heterogeneous light conditions.
Towards a ‘systems’ approach for viral challenge experiments in shrimp: Reporting guidelines for publication
Authors: Arbon P. M. , Andrade Martinez M. , Jerry D. R. , Condon K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe success of contemporary disease management strategies in shrimp aquaculture, such as the ‘systems’ approach, is predicated on robust knowledge of the conditions and interactions between the host, pathogen and environment that promote disease. Pathogen challenge experiments (PCEs) are a power tool for investigating these conditions and interactions. However, absence of accurately reported experimental detail in published PCEs limits scientific transparency, reproducibility, and the potential for the research to make progressive advancements contributing to contemporary shrimp disease management strategies. This review identifies and discusses key factors relating to the host (shrimp), pathogen (virus), and environment that should be carefully considered during the design and publication of PCEs. We offer substantial evidence of their impact on viral disease outcomes, drawn from the existing body of literature, to supporting their consideration. The prevalence of reported experimental details for these factors across 186 viral PCEs in shrimp were evaluated. The review highlights a concerning paucity of experimental detail reported in published shrimp PCEs. We propose a checklist for the minimum reportable information in the publication of shrimp viral PCEs, hereafter referred to as the Shrimp PCE Reporting Guidelines (SPERG). The guidelines aim to enhance the transparency and standardisation of reporting in published PCEs, ensuring that key factors pertaining to the shrimp, pathogen, and environment are adequately considered and documented. Adoption of SPERG is envisaged to empower researchers, reviewers, and readers to assess the internal and external validity of PCEs, facilitating critical evaluation and improved utility of PCE findings for contemporary disease management.
Connecting adolescent friendships to physical health outcomes: A narrative review
Authors: Ehrhardt Alexandra D. , Schacter Hannah L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFriendships are developmentally significant peer relationships that meaningfully contribute to adolescent adjustment. Despite extensive evidence that friendships contribute to adolescents’ psychological well‐being and mental health, less is known about the connections between adolescents’ friendships and physical health outcomes. Therefore, the current review synthesizes a growing body of research examining associations between adolescent friendships and physical health. The findings reviewed provide evidence for links between the quantity, quality, and stability of adolescents’ friendships and their corresponding subjective and physiological health. Consistency of findings varied as a function of friendship dimensions and health outcomes studied. In turn, we end the review with a discussion of conceptual and methodological consistencies and inconsistencies across the studies reviewed, a proposed agenda for future research, and a presentation of a novel process‐oriented model explaining how friendships may contribute to adolescent physical health.
Improved capacity for the repair of photosystem II via reinforcement of the translational and antioxidation systems in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Napaumpaiporn Pornpan , Ogawa Takako , Sonoike Kintake , Nishiyama Yoshitaka 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARYIn the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, translation factor EF‐Tu is inactivated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) via oxidation of Cys82 and the oxidation of EF‐Tu enhances the inhibition of the repair of photosystem II (PSII) by suppressing protein synthesis. In our present study, we generated transformants of Synechocystis that overexpressed a mutated form of EF‐Tu, designated EF‐Tu (C82S), in which Cys82 had been replaced by a Ser residue, and ROS‐scavenging enzymes individually or together. Expression of EF‐Tu (C82S) alone in Synechocystis enhanced the repair of PSII under strong light, with the resultant mitigation of PSII photoinhibition, but it stimulated the production of ROS. However, overexpression of superoxide dismutase and catalase, together with the expression of EF‐Tu (C82S), lowered intracellular levels of ROS and enhanced the repair of PSII more significantly under strong light, via facilitation of the synthesis de novo of the D1 protein. By contrast, the activity of photosystem I was hardly affected in wild‐type cells and in all the lines of transformed cells under the same strong‐light conditions. Furthermore, transformed cells that overexpressed EF‐Tu (C82S), superoxide dismutase, and catalase were able to survive longer under stronger light than wild‐type cells. Thus, the reinforced capacity for both protein synthesis and ROS scavenging allowed both photosynthesis and cell proliferation to tolerate strong light.
Repeat patient Testing‐Quality control: An example of implementation in a network of commercial laboratories
Authors: Freeman Kathleen P. , Daly Susan , Flatland Bente 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe theory and calculations underpinning Repeat Patient Testing‐Quality Control (RPT‐QC) have been presented in prior publications. This paper gives an example of the process used for implementing RPT‐QC in a network of veterinary commercial reference laboratories and the stages associated with the transition to the sole use of RPT‐QC. To employ RPT‐QC in this commercial laboratory network, eight stages of implementation were identified: (1) education, (2) data collection, (3) calculations, (4) QC recording and documentation, (5) running RPT‐QC in parallel with a commercially available quality control material (QCM), (6) development of a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), (7) development of complementary aspects supporting RPT‐QC, and (8) sole use of RPT‐QC. Advantages of RPT‐QC included cost savings for QCM and External Quality Assessment (EQA) participation and the ability to use commutable specimens with a veterinary matrix at a result level that is of clinical significance for the species. A disadvantage of RPT‐QC using a single level of control was the inability to demonstrate stable performance over a range of results. Future avenues for investigation include ongoing refinement of control limits using a pooled standard deviation of the duplicates (SDdup), Sdup over time, investigation of blood samples from species other than the dog, and manipulation of specimens to produce “low abnormal” or “high abnormal” RPT‐QC specimens.
Quantifying refractive error in companion dogs with and without nuclear sclerosis: 229 eyes from 118 dogs
Authors: Francis Jenelle M. , Mowat Freya M. , Ludwig Allison , Hicks Jacqueline M. , Pumphrey Stephanie A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between nuclear sclerosis (NS) and refractive error in companion dogs.Animals studiedOne hundred and eighteen companion dogs.ProceduresDogs were examined and found to be free of significant ocular abnormalities aside from NS. NS was graded from 0 (absent) to 3 (severe) using a scale developed by the investigators. Manual refraction was performed. The effect of NS grade on refractive error was measured using a linear mixed effects analysis adjusted for age. The proportion of eyes with >1.5 D myopia in each NS grade was evaluated using a chi‐square test. Visual impairment score (VIS) was obtained for a subset of dogs and compared against age, refractive error, and NS grade.ResultsAge was strongly correlated with NS grade (p < .0001). Age‐adjusted analysis of NS grade relative to refraction showed a mild but not statistically significant increase in myopia with increasing NS grade, with eyes with grade 3 NS averaging 0.58–0.88 D greater myopia than eyes without NS. However, the myopia of >1.5 D was documented in 4/58 (6.9%) eyes with grade 0 NS, 12/91 (13.2%) eyes with grade 1 NS, 13/57 (22.8%) eyes with grade 2 NS, and 7/23 (30.4%) eyes with grade 3 NS. Risk of myopia >1.5 D was significantly associated with increasing NS grade (p = .02). VIS was associated weakly with refractive error, moderately with age, and significantly with NS grade.ConclusionsNS is associated with visual deficits in some dogs but is only weakly associated with myopia. More work is needed to characterize vision in aging dogs.
Preparation of a Novel Proton Exchange Membrane Using Radiation Grafted ETFE Film for Fuel Cell
Authors: Sultana Shahnaz , Rahman Nazia , Sardar Md. Nabul , Hossain A. K. M. Akther 
Published: November 2023

For many different applications, functional polymeric materials are extremely important in electrochemical reactions. The development of polymer electrolytes, such as those used in fuel cells, depends heavily on these functional materials. One of the most significant sources of power for applications in numerous industries is provided by fuel cells. In this study, a proton exchange membrane (PEM) was developed using ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) film with binary blends of acrylic acid (AA) and sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS), while NaCl served as an additive. As the monomer concentration increased, the degree of grafting (DG) increased. Gravimetric analyses, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, mechanical characteristics, and surface morphology (SEM) have all supported the radiation grafting. The physical and chemical durability of 60% DG of ETFE-g-AA-SSS film made it an ideal PEM for this study since it is more durable than other grafted samples of ETFE-g-AA-SSS film. The 60% DG of PEM's ion-exchange capacity (IEC) was determined to be 0.26 mmol g-1. They demonstrated excellent thermal, mechanical, and acid stability characteristics. In H2O2 solutions, they are highly stable, and they display significant water uptake. It is therefore applicable to acidic fuel cells.
Steady Kähler–Ricci solitons on crepant resolutions of finite quotients of Cn$\mathbb {C}^n$
Authors: Biquard Olivier , Macbeth Heather 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe prove the existence of steady Kähler–Ricci solitons on equivariant crepant resolutions of , where is a finite subgroup of acting freely on .
Natural languages and RNA virus evolution
Authors: Ariza‐Mateos Ascensión , Briones Carlos , Perales Celia , Sobrino Francisco , Domingo Esteban , Gómez Jordi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInformation concepts from physics, mathematics and computer science support many areas of research in biology. Their focus is on objective information, which provides correlations and patterns related to objects, processes, marks and signals. In these approaches only the quantitative aspects of the meaning of the information is relevant. In other areas of biology, ‘meaningful information’, which is subjective in nature, relies on the physiology of the organism's sensory organs and on the interpretation of the perceived signals, which is then translated into action, even if this is only mental (in brained animals). Information is involved, in terms of both amount and quality. Here we contextualize and review the main theories that deal with ‘meaningful‐information’ at a molecular level from different areas of natural language research, namely biosemiotics, code‐biology, biocommunication and biohermeneutics. As this information mediates between the organism and its environment, we emphasize how such theories compare with the neo‐Darwinian treatment of genetic information, and how they project onto the rapid evolution of RNA viruses.
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The Finite Element Method in Time for Multibody Dynamics
Authors: Bauchau Olivier A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The generalized-α scheme has become the approach of choice for the time integration of the equations of motion of multibody systems. Despite its simplicity, this scheme presents drawbacks: the time step size cannot be changed easily, making it difficult to implement time adaptivity, and the solution of periodic problems cannot be found easily. This paper explores an alternative approach based on the finite element method in time. The basic principles underpinning the approach are presented and both time-continuous and time-discontinuous approaches are investigated. Two types of Galerkin schemes will be presented here: the time-continuous and the time-discontinuous schemes. In the former, the displacement field is continuous across interelement boundaries, whereas discontinuities or “jumps” are allowed across inter-element boundaries for the latter. Simple problems are treated to identify the best schemes. Families of schemes of various accuracy are presented. The first family, based on time-continuous elements, features schemes that do not present numerical dissipation. Asymptotic annihilation is achieved by the time-discontinuous elements that form the second family. The problem of kinematic constraints is treated within the framework of the finite element method in time. Special emphasis is devoted to the satisfaction of the kinematic constraints and their time derivative within a time element.
SPIRA Coils: Soft Self-Sensing Pneumatic Integrated Retractable Actuator Coils
Authors: Greenwood Jacob R. , Felt Wyatt 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel self-sensing coiled actuator called a “SPIRA Coil.” This soft pneumatic actuator is formed from thin sheets of PET plastic that are laminated into a coil shape that unfurls like a “party horn” when inflated. Many soft actuators require large pressure to create only modest strains. SPIRA Coils, in contrast, can easily be designed and fabricated to extend over dramatic distances with relatively low working pressures. In this work, some of the actuators with a coiled outer diameter of approximately 2 cm were able to extend 60 cm with less than 5 kPa. The internal structure of a SPIRA Coil is formed by two layers of metalized PET that separate in the extended portion of the actuator. Where the coiled portion of the actuator begins, the sheets come together, closing an electrical circuit. By measuring the resistance of the circuit, the extended length of the actuator can be determined. The paper presents and experimentally validates easy-to-use design models for the actuator’s self-retracting spring stiffness, its pneumatic extension force, and its internal length-sensing electrical resistance. Testing of the self-sensing capabilities demonstrated that the embedded sensor can be used repeatably and accurately to determine the actuator length, with virtually no hysteresis (R2 = 0.996).
Spring Locus Design for Gravity Balanced Mechanisms
Authors: Rubow Colin , Archuleta Tristan , Zhang Haohan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Balancing a mechanical system against gravity enables the system to be stable in all its configurations, which, in turn, allows small and inexpensive actuators to move it. A fully gravity-balanced mechanism requires its total potential energy to remain constant for all the configurations. Common techniques for gravity balancing include the use of zero free-length springs or the manipulation of the center of masses. This paper is specifically concerned with designing gravity-balanced systems using zero free-length springs such that each link employs a single spring. We present a novel graphical approach to design gravity balanced systems, referred to as the “Spring Locus”. This approach employs loci to quickly determine the attachment locations of zero free-length springs to satisfy the criterion of maintaining constant total potential energy within the system, thus achieving a fully balanced system against gravity. The advantage of this approach is that the spring parameters can be determined graphically without the use of Lagrangian mechanics, Newtonian mechanics, or computer optimizations and allows intuitive visualization of the design space. This approach is thus expected to lower the barrier for designing gravity balanced systems. We illustrate this approach through studies of general planar open-chain linkages that are articulated by revolute joints and balanced with a single spring for each link. Our theoretical analysis was verified through simulations, followed by a physical experiment. This simple graphical approach can be a useful tool for engineers and educators.
Design of Detachable Winch System for Field-Deployable Cable Driven Parallel Robot
Authors: Flores Guevara Arely , Marshall Matthew Q. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper describes a mobile cable driven parallel robot that can be temporarily mounted on existing structures like lamp posts or trees. Existing works have introduced various concepts for mobile cable driven parallel robots and analyzed some of their characteristics like workspace. The proposed robots require either heavy equipment like truck-mounted telescoping poles, or deformative installation techniques like using concrete anchors in existing structures. Those works ignored the design of the hardware to which the winches would be attached. The present article is the first describing the design of a winch system and its attachment method for an ultra-portable cable driven parallel robot, one that can be quickly mounted and unmounted from existing structures. A novel application for robotics is selected as a case study and relevant performance goals drive the design of a mountable cable driven parallel robot winch. The design is fabricated and shown in the field. The prototype mounts to trees in such a way that the growth of the tree is not inhibited. This is achieved by using nylon ratchet straps to affix the robot winches. This design represents an extremely low-cost and portable approach to cable driven parallel robots because no structure needs to be constructed.
Empirically Tuned Mechanical Simulation Model of 3D-Printed Biaxial Weaves
Authors: Wirth Marc , Shea Kristina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Additive manufacturing facilitates the realization of previously infeasible designs. Amongst them are 3D-printed textiles and specifically 3D-printed weaves. Textile designs can be spatially tuned in their mechanical properties by changing the pattern and material locally, when printed on a multi-material 3D printer. To inversely design weaves with desired mechanical properties, an efficient simulation of the mechanical behavior of textiles is essential. State-of-the-art textile models are predominantly set up for nonrecurring simulations. They are accurate but slow. Textile simulations designed for efficiency are seldom capable of capturing nonlinear yarn interaction effects. In this work, we propose a textile model consisting of 1D truss elements with strain and shear dependent stiffness. The truss member properties are defined individually based on the local weave design. The properties are tuned for each textile design by matching load-extension curves and sample deformations of virtual tensile tests to test data of real tensile tests. The simulation approach is validated by tuning the algorithm for two configurations and simulating three designs not previously used for tuning. The simulation can estimate the load-extension curve of all validation samples with high accuracy and shows runtimes of under 40s on an Intel Core i7-10750H for structures with more than 3500 elements. These results pave the way towards a simulation-based approach to synthesize and optimize architected 3D-printed textiles.