bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ten years of injectable platelet‐rich fibrin
Authors: Miron Richard J. , Gruber Reinhard , Farshidfar Nima , Sculean Anton , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe use of platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) has seen widespread advantages over platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in many fields of medicine. However, until 2014, PRF remained clinically available only in its solid clotted form. Modifications to centrifugation protocols and tube technology have led to the development of a liquid injectable version of PRF (i‐PRF). This narrative review takes a look back at the technological developments made throughout the past decade and further elaborates on their future clinical applications. Topics covered include improvements in isolation techniques and protocols, ways to further concentrate i‐PRF, and the clinical impact and relevance of cooling i‐PRF. Next, various uses of i‐PRF are discussed, including its use in regenerative periodontology, implantology, endodontics, temporomandibular joint injections, and orthodontic tooth movement. Furthermore, various indications in medicine are also covered, including its use in sports injuries and osteoarthritis of various joints, treatment of diabetic ulcers/wound care, and facial esthetics and hair regrowth. Finally, future applications are discussed, mainly its use as a drug delivery vehicle for small biomolecules, such as growth factors, antibiotics, exosomes, and other medications that may benefit from the controlled and gradual release of biomolecules over time.
Reduction of cryopreservation‐induced structural, functional and molecular damages in ram sperm by hydrated C60 fullerene
Authors: Güngör İbrahim Halil , Türk Gaffari , Dayan Cinkara Serap , Acisu Tutku Can , Tektemur Ahmet , Yeni Deniz , Avdatek Fatih , Arkali Gözde , Koca Recep Hakkı , Özer Kaya Şeyma , Sagiroglu Meltem , Etem Önalan Ebru , Sönmez Mustafa , Gür Seyfettin , Yüce Abdurrauf 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the morphological, functional and molecular changes in frozen–thawed ram sperm using an extender containing different concentrations of hydrated carbon 60 fullerene (C60HyFn), a nanotechnological product. Semen taken from each of the seven Akkaraman rams were pooled. Semen collection was done twice a week and it continued for 3 weeks. Each pooled semen sample was divided into six equal groups and diluted with tris + egg yolk extender including 0 (control), 200, 400, 800 nM, 1 and 5 μM concentrations of C60HyFn at 37°C. They were then frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour at −140°C, stored in liquid nitrogen container (−196°C) and thawed at 37°C for 25 s before analysis. In comparison with control, C60HyFn addition prior to freezing procedure provided significant increases in total and progressive motility rates, glutathione peroxidase, catalase activities and percentage of highly active mitochondria, and significant decreases in dead and abnormal sperm rates, lipid peroxidation, caspase‐3 and DNA fragmentation levels in frozen–thawed ram semen. When compared to control, C60HyFn supplementation significantly down‐regulated the expression levels of miR‐200a and KCNJ11, and significantly up‐regulated the expression levels of miR‐3958‐3p (at the concentrations of 200, 400, 800 nM and 1 μM), CatSper1 (at the concentrations of 200, 400 nM and 5 μM), CatSper2 (at the concentrations of 1 and 5 μM), CatSper3 (at the concentrations of 200, 400 nM, 1 and 5 μM), CatSper4 (at all concentrations), ANO1 (at the concentrations of 800 nM, 1 and 5 μM) and TRPV5 (at the concentrations of 200, 400 and 800 nM). The addition of C60HyFn had no effect on global DNA methylation rates. As a result, C60HyFn supplementation to ram semen extenders may be beneficial in reducing some of the functional, structural and molecular damages in sperm induced by the freeze–thawing procedure.
Phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase expression by leucocytes is increased in allergic humans and associated with IgE responses
Authors: Silverberg Jonathan I. , Smith‐Norowitz Tamar A. , Kohlhoff Stephan , Joks Rauno 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) activate cascades that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and death. Phosphorylated (phos‐)p38 MAPK is a cell‐signalling pathway associated with Th2 cytokine responses, which is required for immunoglobulin (Ig)E production. It is unknown whether MAPK are associated with IgE production. We examine the evidence linking p38 MAPK to inflammatory responses. Phos‐p38, extracellular signal‐related kinase (ERK) and c‐JUN‐n terminal (JNK) MAPK expression by blood leucocyte subsets and levels of serum Igs were measured in blood from adults with asthma and/or rhinoconjunctivitis (N = 28) and non‐asthma (N = 10) (flow cytometry, microfluorenzymeimmunoassay). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from allergic subjects were cultured for 10 days ± anti‐CD40/recombinant IL‐4 ± inhibitor of phos‐P38. Culture supernatants were assayed for IgE (ELISA). Phos‐p38 MAPK expression by all leucocyte subsets of allergic subjects was associated with serum IgE levels (p ≤ 0.01), after adjusting for cell counts, age, sex, race and smoking status (p ≤ 0.04). Leucocyte expression of phos‐ERK and JNK did not correlate with IgE (p = 0.09–0.99). Instead, phos‐ERK expression was associated with serum IgG. When PBMC from atopic subjects were cultured for 10 days with anti‐CD40/rhIL‐4, IgE levels were 26.2 ± 18 ng/mL. Inclusion of SB202190 (5–20 μg/mL), a specific inhibitor of phos‐p38 MAPK, in culture suppressed IgE production in dose‐dependent manner, with peak suppression obtained with SB202190 at 20 μg/mL (82.1% ± 11.8) (p = 0.0001), with virtually no cytotoxicity (<5%). Different MAPK pathways may be associated with IgE (p38) and IgG (ERK) responses. Phos‐p38 MAPK can be a potential anti‐allergy drug target.
Temperature and intimate partner violence
Authors: Nguyen My 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between temperature and intimate partner violence against women in 34 developing countries. Exploiting the variation in average temperatures across women's residential locations within the 12 months prior to the survey date, we detect the positive association between temperature and women's exposure to intimate partner violence. Specifically, a one standard deviation increase in temperature (equivalent to an increase of 5.94°C) raises the risks of intimate partner violence (physical, emotional, and sexual violence) at both the extensive and intensive margins. These impacts could be attributable to the loss of control (proxied by alcohol use) and worse labor market outcomes. Our heterogeneity analyses further show that women from rural areas, those from poor households, those having low education, and those living with low‐educated partners are particularly vulnerable to the damaging consequences of temperature hikes.
Spotlight on capecitabine for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic carcinoma of various origin: A retrospective study of 25 dogs
Authors: Agnoli Chiara , Rimondi Sofia , Ghisoni Giulia , Guerra Dina , Tumbarello Michele , Perfetti Simone , Tirolo Alessandro , Marconato Laura 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCapecitabine, the oral prodrug of 5‐fluorouracil, is indicated in people to treat various malignant epithelial cancers. In dogs, capecitabine has not been extensively evaluated. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate toxicity and preliminary efficacy of single agent capecitabine in dogs with advanced malignant epithelial cancers of any site, for which no effective therapy existed, conventional treatment failed or was declined. Capecitabine was administered orally at 750 mg/m2 from day 1 to 14, followed by 1‐week rest period, given as 3‐week cycles. Safety evaluation was performed after 2 cycles, and every 2–3 cycles thereafter. Tumour response was determined every 2–3 cycles. Twenty‐five dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 6), lung papillary carcinoma (n = 4), anal sac adenocarcinoma (n = 3), colic adenocarcinoma (n = 2), and other individually represented epithelial cancers (n = 10) were included. Dogs received a median of 4 cycles (range, 2–43) for a median of 84 days (range, 42–913). Toxicity occurred in 17 (68.0%) dogs; the most frequent adverse events were gastrointestinal, with the majority being self‐resolving and of mild grade. Of the 22 dogs with macroscopic disease, 3 (13.6%) achieved partial remission, 16 (72.7%) were stable and 3 (13.6%) progressed; overall clinical benefit rate was 86.4%. Median progression‐free interval was 93 days (95% CI 42–154; range, 1–521) and median tumour‐specific survival was 273 days (95% CI 116–482; range 45–913). These findings suggest that capecitabine is an attractive option for the treatment of several types of carcinomas in dogs. Prospective studies are warranted to optimize the scheduling of capecitabine and confirm its efficacy.
Doomscrolling or Joyscrolling? A Study of English Lexical Innovations of 2020-2022
Authors: Karanevych Mariana , Ivantsiv Oryslava , Kutsa Oksana 
Published: December 2023

The years 2020-2022 experienced a number of world-shifting events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, a global economic recession, the racial justice movement, the US presidential election, and extreme climate conditions. Since no social phenomenon can avoid being represented in language, these episodes have influenced the language system, language use and discursive practices. The English linguistic landscape has not been spared the impact of the aforementioned events. The article focuses on analysing the meaning and formation of new coinages in the English language that reflect the changes in society within the specified timeframe. The data used for this study were collected from 2020-2022 updates to online dictionaries which include new words, revised versions of existing entries and new word suggestions. The research data were analysed both in qualitative and quantitative terms. The study singled out five lexical categories of neologisms based on the thematic criterion: 1) discrimination, 2) the influence of famous people, 3) climate change, 4) lifestyles during the COVID-19 outbreak, 5) the business world and employment. The classification manifests that these coinages have become integrated into the English language as part of everyday use for social and communicative purposes. The research findings show that the most productive word formation processes that contribute to the creation of the selected neologisms include compounding, blending, and compounding + affixation.
Multi-Step Gaussian Regression Prediction in Dynamic Systems: A Case Study in Vehicle Lateral Control
Authors: Zakeri Hasan , HomChaudhuri Baisravan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we focus on developing a multi-step uncertainty propagation method for systems with state- and control-dependent uncertainties. System uncertainty creates a mismatch between the actual system and its control-oriented model. Often, these uncertainties are state- and control-dependent, such as modeling error. This uncertainty propagates over time and results in significant errors over a given time horizon, which can disrupt the operation of safety-critical systems. Stochastic predictive control methods can ensure that the system stays within the safe region with a given probability, but requires prediction of the future state distributions of the system over the horizon. Predicting the future state distribution of systems with state- and control-dependent uncertainty is a difficult task. Existing methods only focus on modeling the current or one-step uncertainty, while the uncertainty propagation model over a horizon is generally over-approximated. Hence, we present a multi-step Gaussian process regression method to learn the uncertainty propagation model for systems with state- and control-dependent uncertainties. We also perform a case study on vehicle lateral control problems, where we learn the vehicle’s error propagation model during lane changes. Simulation results show the efficacy of our proposed method.
Front Matter
Authors: Onder E. Nihan 
Published: December 2023

This frontmatter contains the Series Editors’ Preface, Contents, List of Tables, List of Figures, Acronyms, Preface and Abstract. It is available for access by clicking on the PDF icon below.
eBook keywords: nuclear power reactors, fissioning, heat generation, nuclear fuel materials, fuel cladding material, fuel pellet, fuel performance, fuel failure mechanisms, advanced fuel concept.
Mutation of
mltG
increases peptidoglycan fragment release, cell size, and antibiotic susceptibility in
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Harris-Jones Tiffany N. , Pérez Medina Krizia M. , Hackett Kathleen T. , Schave Melanie A. , Klimowicz Amy K. , Schaub Ryan E. , Dillard Joseph P. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Infection with
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
leads to inflammation that is responsible for the disease symptoms of gonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. During growth, these bacteria release significant amounts of peptidoglycan (PG) fragments which elicit inflammatory responses in the human host. To better understand the mechanisms involved in PG synthesis and breakdown in
N. gonorrhoeae
, we characterized the effects of loss of function mutations in
mltG
. MltG has been identified in other bacterial species as a terminase that stops PG strand growth by cleaving the growing glycan. Mutation of
mltG
in
N. gonorrhoeae
did not affect bacterial growth rate but resulted in increased PG turnover, more cells of large size, decreased autolysis under non-growth conditions, and increased sensitivity to antibiotics that affect PG crosslinking. An
mltG
mutant released greatly increased amounts of PG monomers, PG dimers, and larger oligomers. In the
mltG
background, mutation of either
ltgA
or
ltgD
, encoding the lytic transglycosylases responsible for PG monomer liberation, resulted in wild-type levels of PG monomer release. Bacterial two-hybrid assays identified positive interactions of MltG with synthetic penicillin-binding proteins PBP1 and PBP2 and the PG-degrading endopeptidase PBP4 (PbpG). These data are consistent with MltG acting as a terminase in
N. gonorrhoeae
and suggest that the absence of MltG activity results in excessive PG growth and extra PG in the sacculus that must be degraded by lytic transglycosylases including LtgA and LtgD. Furthermore, the absence of MltG causes a cell wall defect that is manifested as large cell size and antibiotic sensitivity.

IMPORTANCE

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
is unusual in that the bacteria release larger amounts of cell wall material as they grow as compared to related bacteria, and the released cell wall fragments induce inflammation that leads to tissue damage in infected people. The study of MltG revealed the importance of this enzyme for controlling cell wall growth, cell wall fragment production, and bacterial cell size and suggests a role for MltG in a cell wall synthesis and degradation complex. The increased antibiotic sensitivities of
mltG
mutants suggest that an antimicrobial drug inhibiting MltG would be useful in combination therapy to restore the sensitivity of the bacteria to cell wall targeting antibiotics to which the bacteria are currently resistant.
Fecal calprotectin level is nonlinearly associated with GI pathogen detection in patients with and without inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Newman Kira L. , Higgins Peter D. R. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Fecal calprotectin (FCP) is used to monitor inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity and can also be elevated in gastrointestinal infections. Our study’s objective was to quantify the relationship between FCP levels and lab-confirmed infections in people with and without IBD. We performed a cross-sectional study at a tertiary-care center of all encounters during which FCP and gastrointestinal pathogen polymerase-chain reaction (GI PCR) panel testings were conducted. Using non-parametric tests and quantile regression, we compared the FCP levels by IBD status and pathogen detection. There were 3,347 encounters with FCP and GI PCR testings from 2,780 unique individuals between 1 August 2016 and 17 February 2022. Overall, 54.4% had IBD (
n
= 1,819). Pathogens were detected in 744 encounters (22.2%), and the detection rate did not differ by IBD status. Median FCP without IBD was significantly elevated when a pathogen was detected (64 vs 41 mg/kg,
P
= 0.0003, normal ≤50.0 mg/kg), but FCP with IBD was not significantly elevated when a pathogen was detected (299 vs 255 mg/kg,
P
= 0.207). In quantile regression adjusted for age and IBD, pathogen detection was only significantly associated with higher FCP in the lower two quartiles, though IBD remained significantly associated with higher FCP at all levels (
P
> 0.001). Pathogen detection by GI PCR is associated with elevated FCP, though this relationship is nonlinear and varies by IBD status. Our findings indicate that FCP may be an adjunct to, but not a substitute for, stool pathogen testing.
KPNA2 suppresses porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by targeting and degrading virus envelope protein through selective autophagy
Authors: Gao Qi , Weng Zhijun , Feng Yongzhi , Gong Ting , Zheng Xiaoyu , Zhang Guihong , Gong Lang 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection in pigs is characterized by vomiting, dehydration, and diarrhea. Structural proteins of PEDV play crucial roles in viral entry, release, assembly, budding, and host immune regulation. Similar to other viruses, PEDV relies heavily on the host cellular machinery for productive infection. However, the host factors involved in PEDV infection remain unidentified. Thus, this study aims to map the PEDV structural proteins interacting with host factors in Vero cells. Results revealed karyopherin α 2 (KPNA2) as a potential host factor to suppress PEDV replication. KPNA2 overexpression in target cells significantly inhibited PEDV infection, whereas KPNA2 silencing by small interfering RNA promoted PEDV infection. Mechanistically, KPNA2 interacted with PEDV E, which led to the degradation of PEDV E protein. These results indicate the probable involvement of KPNA2 in the host antiviral response against PEDV. This study provides novel KPNA2-mediated viral restriction mechanisms in which KPNA2 overexpression suppresses PEDV replication by targeting and degrading the viral E protein by autophagy. KPNA2 may serve as a target in developing strategies to control PEDV infection.

IMPORTANCE
Porcine epidemic diarrhea, characterized by vomiting, dehydration, and diarrhea, is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in neonatal piglets. This disease has caused large economic losses to the porcine industry worldwide. Thus, identifying the host factors involved in PEDV infection is important to develop novel strategies to control PEDV transmission. This study shows that PEDV infection upregulates karyopherin α 2 (KPNA2) expression in Vero and intestinal epithelial (IEC) cells. KPNA2 binds to and degrades the PEDV E protein via autophagy to suppress PEDV replication. These results suggest that KPNA2 plays an antiviral role against PEDV. Specifically, knockdown of endogenous KPNA2 enhances PEDV replication, whereas its overexpression inhibits PEDV replication. Our data provide novel KPNA2-mediated viral restriction mechanisms in which KPNA2 suppresses PEDV replication by targeting and degrading the viral E protein through autophagy. These mechanisms can be targeted in future studies to develop novel strategies to control PEDV infection.
Respiration supports intraphagosomal filamentation and escape of
Candida albicans
from macrophages
Authors: Case Nicola T. , Westman Johannes , Hallett Michael T. , Plumb Jonathan , Farheen Aiman , Maxson Michelle E. , MacAlpine Jessie , Liston Sean D. , Hube Bernhard , Robbins Nicole , Whitesell Luke , Grinstein Sergio , Cowen Leah E. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

For the human fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
, metabolic flexibility and the ability to transition between yeast and filamentous growth states are key virulence traits that enable disease in the host. These traits are particularly important during the interaction of
C. albicans
with macrophages, where the fungus must utilize multiple alternative carbon sources to survive after being phagocytosed, and filamentation is coupled to fungal escape and immune cell death. Here, we employed functional genomic screening of conditional-expression mutants covering >50% of the
C. albicans
genome to identify genes selectively required for filamentation inside macrophages. Through manual and machine learning-based image analyses, we uncovered a role for the mitochondrial ribosome, respiration, and the SNF1 AMP-activated kinase complex in governing filamentous growth within the phagosome, suggesting that
C. albicans
relies on respiration to evade the antifungal activities of macrophages. We demonstrate that downregulating the expression of these genes reduces ATP levels and impedes filamentation as well as growth under monoculture conditions in medium lacking glucose. In co-culture with physiological glucose concentration, downregulation of genes involved in mitochondrial function and respiration prevented
C. albicans
from expanding within the phagosome, escaping, and inducing immune cell death. Together, our work provides new insights into the impact of metabolism on the interaction between
C. albicans
and macrophages, highlighting respiration and the SNF1 AMP-activated kinase as key effectors of
C. albicans
metabolic flexibility and filamentation within phagocytes.

IMPORTANCE

Candida albicans
is a leading human fungal pathogen that often causes life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals. The ability of
C. albicans
to transition between yeast and filamentous forms is key to its virulence, and this occurs in response to many host-relevant cues, including engulfment by host macrophages. While previous efforts identified
C. albicans
genes required for filamentation in other conditions, the genes important for this morphological transition upon internalization by macrophages remained largely enigmatic. Here, we employed a functional genomic approach to identify genes that enable
C. albicans
filamentation within macrophages and uncovered a role for the mitochondrial ribosome, respiration, and the SNF1 AMP-activated kinase complex. Additionally, we showed that glucose uptake and glycolysis by macrophages support
C. albicans
filamentation. This work provides insights into the metabolic dueling that occurs during the interaction of
C. albicans
with macrophages and identifies vulnerabilities in
C. albicans
that could serve as promising therapeutic targets.
Genome sequences of seven bacterial isolates collected from soil as part of a microbiology lab course
Authors: Sharon Belle , Ebraimzadeh Tamineh , Dahl Haley , Avadhanam Nymisha , Rajendran Divya , Abaragu Ada , Nguyen Dylan , Phan Long , Ramjee Christine , Thai Mabel , Vragel Gabrielle ,   Spring 2019 and Fall 2019 BIOL3520 Working Groups, Mehta Iti , Palmer Kelli 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Soil is a source for diverse microbes that possess useful biotechnological capabilities. Here, we report the genome sequences of seven bacterial isolates from the species
Exiguobacterium acetylicum
,
Rossellomorea marisflavi
,
Delftia acidovorans
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
,
Bacillus
sp., and
Bacillus toyonensis
(two isolates) cultured from Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex soil samples.
Draft genome sequence of
Xylella fastidiosa
strain ATCC 35874 isolated from infected red oak in Washington, DC
Authors: Shao Jonathan , Guan Wei , Zhao Tingchang , Huang Qi 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequence of
Xylella fastidiosa
strain ATCC 35874. The strain was originally isolated from infected red oak in Washington, DC, and obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. The ATCC 35874 genome contains 2,543,332 bp and has a G + C content of 51.72%.