bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Imbalance at Supergranular scale: A Driving Mechanism for Coronal Hole Formation
Authors: Cantoresi Matteo , Berrilli Francesco 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Unraveling the intricate interplay between the solar photosphere's magnetic field and the dynamics of the upper solar atmosphere is paramount to understanding the organization of solar magnetic fields and their influence on space weather events. This study delves into the organization of photospheric magnetic fields particularly in the context of Coronal Holes (CHs), as they are believed to harbor the sources of fast solar wind. We employed the signed measure technique on synthetic images that depict various arrangements of magnetic fields, encompassing imbalances in the sign of the magnetic field (inward and outward) as well as spatial organization. This study provides compelling evidence that the cancellation functions of simulated regions with imbalanced magnetic fields along the boundaries of supergranular cells aligns with cancellation function trends of observed photospheric magnetic regions associated with Coronal Holes. Thus, the analysis serves as significant proof that CHs arise from the formation of imbalanced magnetic patterns on the edges of supergranular cells.
Seismic Fragility Model for Elephant-Foot Buckling in Unanchored Steel Storage Tanks
Authors: Munoz Luz Elizabeth Vasquez , Dolšek Matjaž 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The seismic fragility model of elephant-foot buckling (EFB) in the tank wall of the unanchored storage tanks is introduced by utilizing the results of a parametric study of eighteen tank-soil configurations. The model can be used to rapidly assess the seismic vulnerability to EFB for a larger number of tanks. The parametric study involved a 1D cloud-based soil response analysis to relate the ground-motion intensity measure at the bedrock with that at the free surface, and a pushover analysis of the refined finite element model of the tank to assess the engineering demand parameter in terms of axial compressive stress in the tank wall and the critical value that triggers EFB. As a consequence, the seismic fragility model can be applied to intensity measures at the bedrock, as it is demonstrated for the spectral acceleration at the tank’s impulsive period, Se,bedrock,EFB, and the peak ground acceleration, PGAbedrock,EFB. The input parameters of the model are the harmonic average shear-wave velocity in the top 30 m of soil, Vs,30, the slenderness ratio, H/R, the ratio between radius and wall thickness of the tank, R/t, and the standard deviation of log values for the intensity measure causing EFB. The model reliably predicts the median intensity measure causing the onset of EFB in the investigated tank-soil configurations, especially when Se,bedrock,EFB is selected for the intensity measure. However, further investigation is required to enhance the accuracy of predicted intensity measures that trigger EFB by considering the dynamic impact between the base plate and the foundation during an earthquake.
SMARCA4-Deficient Undifferentiated Esophageal Carcinoma: A Clinical Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Shweikeh Faris , Hong Gordon , Walter Jacob , Hoscheit Matthew , Lembo Anthony , Lane Jason , Mouchli Mohamad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Undifferentiated carcinoma of the esophagus (UEC) is a rare malignancy. Deficiency in SMARCA genes, critical for chromatin regulation, has been observed in cases of UEC. Research in UEC is sparse, however, and we present a case series along with a comprehensive review of the literature.
Case Series
Case 1 is a 47-year-old female with abdominal pain and dysphagia and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showing a friable mass at GE junction. Biopsies showed a poorly differentiated neoplasm and immunohistochemistry showed loss for SMARCA4. With metastatic disease, she agreed to undergo palliative chemotherapy and radiation, passing away at 4 months. Case 2 is an 85-year-old male with dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, and distal esophageal mass with biopsy showing a malignancy with loss of SMARCA4 expression. Due to extensive metastases, he was counseled on hospice care. Case 3 is a 50-year-old male with extensive alcohol and smoking history presenting with hematemesis, passing away shortly. Posthumous histopathology consistent with undifferentiated SMARCA4-deficient carcinoma. Results of literature review indicates higher in males (73.9%) and variable age range (39-86 years). Majority (80.0%) reported in the distal esophagus. Metastatic disease common at presentation. Average survival was 2.35 months. Some managed with chemotherapy and radiation.
Conclusions
Research in SMARCA-deficient UEC is very limited. It is more common in men, age is variable, and associated with Barret’s esophagus. Further research is necessary to better understand it and to establish treatment guidelines; however, it is clear that SMARCA4-deficient UEC carries a significantly poor prognosis.
Soil Toxicity Assessment of Fungicide Containing Thiram 80% WP Using Eisenia fetida and Allium cepa as Indicator Species
Authors: Arachchige Harshani Dilrukshi Reparamadu , Gunawardena Medisha Pasan , Bellanthudawa B. Kushan Aravinda 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Agrochemicals are used extensively in fields to kill pests and weeds which can exert toxic effects on other non-target species including Earthworms and Common Onion. This research was conducted to evaluate toxic effects of a commercial fungicide containing Thiram 80% WP (Wetting Powder) which is dimethyldithiocarbamate on Eisenia fetida (Earthworms) and Allium cepa (Common Onion). Earthworms are better indicators of the health of soil because 60% − 80% of soil biomass represents Earthworms. Allium cepa is considered as an efficient bio-indicator in toxicity testing, because of the rapid root growth rate and cost effectiveness. Acute toxicity of fungicide Thiram 80% WP was evaluated. Eisenia fetida was exposed to five different concentration solutions directly (6 mg/L, 8 mg/L, 10mg/L, 12mg/L, and 14 mg/L) for 48 hours, and in artificial soil (45, 90, 135, 180 and 225 mg/kg) for 14 days and as a control distilled water was used. After the exposure to Thiram 80%, WP mortality of Eisenia fetida increased along the concentration gradient. Overall results indicate LC50 value of 12.636 mg/L and 140.138 mg/kg respectively in solution and artificial soil. In both solution and artificial soil exposure, abnormal behaviour like high movement rates could be observed. Acute toxicity was evaluated to Allium cepa, by 72 h experiment of root growth with a range of fungicide concentrations (40 mg/L, 80 mg/L, 120 mg/L, 160 mg/L, and 200 mg/L) and as control tap water was used. Overall results indicate EC50 value of 22.548 mg/L. According to overall data, tested fungicide Thiram 80% WP can be toxic to non-target organisms when exposed in concentrations below LC50 and EC50 but further chronic and genotoxic evaluations must be conducted.
Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of the GRF transcription factor family in Astragalus mongholicus
Authors: Wang panpan , Wang Zhen , Cao Huiyan , He Jiajun , Qin Chen , He Lianqing , Liu Bo , Wang Jiamei , Kong Lingyang , Ren Weichao , Liu Xiubo , Ma Wei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background Astragalus membranaceus is a plant of the Astragalus genus, which is used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with extremely high medicinal and edible value.Astragalus mongholics, as one of the representative medicinal materials with the same origin of medicine and food, has a rising market demand for its raw materials, but the quality is different in different production areas. Growth-regulating factors are transcription factors unique to plants that play important roles in plant growth and development. Up to now, there is no report about GRF in A. mongholics.
Methods and results This study conducted a genome-wide analysis of the AmGRF gene family, identifying a total of nine AmGRF genes that were classified into subfamily V based on phylogenetic relationships. In the promoter region of the AmGRF gene, we successfully predicted cis-elements that respond to abiotic stress, growth, development, and hormone production in plants. Based on transcriptomic data and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) validation, the results showed that AmGRFs were expressed in the roots, stems, and leaves, with overall higher expression in leaves, higher expression ofAmGRF1 and AmGRF8 in roots, and high expression levels of AmGRF1and AmGRF9 in stems.
Conclusions The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the further exploration of the functions of AmGRFsin plant growth and development.
Solvent Acidity and Basicity Scales: Analysis of Catalan’s SB and SA scales and Gutmann’s Acceptor Number and Comparison with Kamlet and Taft’s β and α Solvent Scales, Gutmann’s Donor Number and Abraham’s B and A Solute Scales
Authors: Waghorne W. Earle 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The use of experimental parameters to quantify solvent properties, for example in linear free energy relationships, is well established and several scales of solvent acidity, basicity and polarity/polarizability have been developed. The success of this approach raises questions of which molecular properties contribute to particular solvent parameters and whether these contributions are found in all parameters representing a particular solvent property. In the present study Catalan’s hydrogen bond basicity and acidity parameters, SB and SA, and Gutmann’s acceptor number, AN, a measure of a solvent’s Lewis acidity, are correlated with molecular properties derived from computational chemistry. The results are compared with results of similar correlations with Kamlet and Taft’s β and α Solvent Scales, Gutmann’s Donor Number DN) and Abraham’s B and A Solute Scales. The results show that measures of solvent basicity, SB, β and DN all correlate strongly with the partial charge on the most negative atom in the solvent molecule and the energy of the donor orbital and, in all cases the parameter values for hydrogen bonded solvents are anomalous. Abraham’s B, a measure of solute hydrogen basicity depends only on the partial charge on the most negative atom and there is no anomaly in the values for solutes that, in the pure state, form hydrogen bonded liquids. Similarly, all measures of solvent acidity, SA, α and AN, and Abraham’s A, a measure of solute hydrogen bond acidity, depend on the partial charge on the most positive hydrogen on the molecule.
Optimized NiOx deposition for Industrial Compatible Perovskite Solar Modules on 15 × 15 cm2: a Green Route Towards Stable Methylammonium-free Devices
Authors: Castriotta Luigi Angelo , Jafarzadeh Farshad , Calabrò Emanuele , Spinelli Pierpaolo , Giacomo Francesco Di , Matteocci Fabio , Brunetti Francesca , Carlo Aldo Di 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly advanced, achieving over 26% efficiency on laboratory scale. Transitioning to large-scale production, however, remains a challenge due to limitations in conventional fabrication methods like spin coating. This study introduces an optimized blade coating process for the scalable fabrication of large-area (15 cm × 15 cm) perovskite solar modules, utilizing green solvents and performed in ambient air. The doctor blading of nickel oxide (NiOx) as a hole transport layer (HTL) in inverted PSCs is optimized. Using self-assembled monolayers (SAM) between NiOx and the perovskite layer improved the uniformity and morphology of perovskite film. Perovskite solar modules, with 110 cm² active area achieved a power conversion efficiency of 12.6%. Moreover, unencapsulated modules retained 84% of their initial efficiency after 1,000 hours at 85°C in air (ISOS-T-1). This demonstrates progress in large-scale production of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), combining efficiency with long-term stability.
How Technology Impact Supply Chain Performing in the Motor Bike Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Mamun Shahriar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The study analyzes the impact of adopting technology on the performance of the supply chain of New Grameen Motors Ltd. The inquiry centered on the incorporation of Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and automation technologies in the manufacturing business, evaluating their impact on operational efficiency, supply chain transparency, and decision-making procedures. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of technology has had a profound impact on the way supply chain activities are conducted. The use of IoT devices enabled the continuous monitoring of data, improving the management of inventories and increasing the accuracy of demand forecasts. Artificial intelligence (AI) enhanced analytics optimized production plans, detected problems in advance, and enhanced operational efficiency. Furthermore, the use of Big Data analytics facilitated the process of generating well-informed decisions, hence influencing plans and customer-focused methods. Nevertheless, the implementation process encountered difficulties, including compatibility problems, significant upfront investment needs, and worries around data security. To address these challenges, it was necessary to provide extensive training to employees, implement strong cybersecurity measures, and develop strategic integration methods. This research highlights the essential need for firms to have a culture that promotes innovation, gives priority to continuous improvements, and encourages strategic partnerships in order to efficiently traverse the complexity associated with adopting new technologies. To summarize, this research emphasizes the significance of New Grameen Motors Ltd finding a middle ground between tackling obstacles and capitalizing on technology prospects. To fully use the revolutionary capabilities of technology in its supply chain operations, the organization should allocate resources towards staff training, enhancing integration techniques, and giving high importance to data security. This proactive strategy will drive the organization towards consistent expansion, increased competitiveness, and improved operational efficiency within the ever-changing manufacturing industry.
Feasibility of transanal minimally invasive surgery when performing sacrectomy for advanced primary and recurrent pelvic malignancies
Authors: Beppu Naohito , Ito Kazuma , Otani Masaki , Imada Ayako , Matsubara Takaaki , Song Jihyung , Kimura Kei , Kataoka Kozo , Kuwahara Ryuichi , Horio Yuki , Uchino Motoi , Ikeuchi Hiroki , Ikeda Masataka 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to clarify the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive transabdominal surgery (MIS) with transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) for sacrectomy in advanced primary and recurrent pelvic malignancies.
Methods
Using a prospectively collected database, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical, surgical, and pathological outcomes of MIS with TAMIS for sacrectomies. Surgery was performed between February 2019 and May 2023. The median follow-up period was 27 months (5-46 months).
Results
Fifteen consecutive patients were included in this analysis. The diagnoses were as follows: recurrent rectal cancer, n=11 (73%); primary rectal cancer, n=3 (20%); and recurrent ovarian cancer, n=1 (7%). Seven patients (47%) underwent pelvic exenteration with sacrectomy, six patients (40%) underwent abdominoperineal resection (APR) with sacrectomy, and two patients (13%) underwent tumor resection with sacrectomy. The median intraoperative blood loss was 235 ml (range, 45–1320 ml). The postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥3a) were graded as follows: 3a, n=6 (40%); 3b, n=1 (7%); and ≥4, n=0 (0%). Pathological examinations demonstrated that R0 was achieved in 13 patients (87%). During the follow-up period, 2 patients (13%) developed local re-recurrence due to recurrent cancer. The remaining 13 patients (87%) had no local disease. Fourteen patients (93%) survived.
Conclusions
MIS with TAMIS could lead to a very small amount of blood loss, a low incidence of severe postoperative complications, and an acceptable R0 resection rate, indicating that this novel surgical approach is feasible for selected patients who undergo sacrectomy. Further studies are needed to clarify the long-term oncological feasibility.
3D reconstruction study of motion fuzzy coded and non-coded targets based on iterative relaxation method
Authors: Shi Yun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Robotics and computer vision researchers are struggling to accurately and robustly recreate 3D models of moving objects. This work provides a novel approach based on iterative relaxation for reconstructing the motion of both fuzzy-coded and non-coded targets. To overcome motion blur and the lack of distinguishing characteristics in circular retro-reflective targets, we use Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) for feature extraction and representation learning. To do this, we gather a large dataset of motion-blurred images with circular retro-reflective objects and train DCNN architecture. Through this training, the network learned to discriminate and extract relevant information from targets. After training, the DCNN extracts features from motion images. An iterative relaxation strategy refines the original 3D reconstruction (3D-R) estimations. This approach uses DCNN features and motion temporal coherence to refine estimates constantly. Relaxation assures that the reconstructed 3D motion matches the observed images and enables motion blur uncertainty. The efficiency of the suggested technique in recreating the 3D motion of both fuzzy-coded and non-coded targets is shown by our experimental findings. We demonstrate that our approach outperforms conventional techniques. The suggested technique has the potential for use in computer vision, robotics, and augmented reality.
Experiences and needs of unaccompanied irregular migrant children who arrive in Spain on small boats: a qualitative study
Authors: Berthe-Kone Ousmane , Robles-Bello María Auxiliadora , Fernández-Sola Cayetano , Jiménez-Lasserrotte María del Mar , Molina José Grananero 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The European Union receives thousands of unaccompanied irregular migrant children every year, but little is known about their life experiences during the migration process. The aim of this study is to describe and understand the experiences of unaccompanied irregular migrant children who arrive in Spain on small boats with regard to their psychosocial and health needs. A descriptive qualitative study was undertaken. A focus group and in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 unaccompanied irregular migrant children from different African countries. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Three main themes emerged: (1) Unaccompanied irregular migrant children: risking it all for a better life; (2) Redefining your identity as a means of adaptation; (3) Obtaining legal status to avoid deportation. Unaccompanied migrant children risk their lives on the migration journey, but do not always find better conditions in the destination country. The unaccompanied irregular migrant children are forced to rebuild their lives at a high cost; they experience rejection from the host society and their culture of origin, which has a negative impact on their physical and psychological health over time.
The Relationship of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers and Cognitive Performance in Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Cayir Salih , Sadabad Faranak Ebrahimian , Mecca Adam , Matuskey David , Zadeh Arman Fesharaki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
Currently available literature on the relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and cognitive performance in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is very limited and inconclusive. In this study, we investigated the association of cognition, as measured with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), with CSF levels of total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 (p-tau181), and amyloid β 1–42 (Aβ1–42) in a group of patients with FTD and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study with participants selected from the electronic records of patients seen at Yale New Haven Hospital’s Memory Clinic, CT, USA. We included 61 patients, 28 with FTD (mean age = 64.1) and 33 with AD (mean age = 66.8).
Results
T-tau levels negatively and significantly correlated with total MoCA scores as well as the different MoCA index scores in both the FTD (r=-0.469, p < 0.05) and AD (r=-0.545, p < 0.01) groups. There were no significant associations with MoCA scores and p-tau181 levels in patients with FTD (r=-0.224, p > 0.05), unlike patients with AD, who exhibited significant correlations (r=-0.549, p < 0.01). Also, Aβ1–42 levels were not significantly correlated with MoCA scores in either of the FTD and AD groups.
Conclusion
CSF concentrations of t-tau are inversely correlated to cognitive performance in patients with FTD and both t-tau and p-tau181 in AD. These findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between clinical cognitive performance and tau-related pathology in FTD.
Perceptions About COVID-19 Disease and Vaccination Against it Among Adults in Lahore
Authors: Jamil Qasim , Khurram Muhammad , Iqbal Saleem Perwaiz , Iqbal Mohammad Perwaiz 
Published: February 2024

Background: Vaccination against COVID-19 disease is the best available option for its prevention. However, many people In Pakistan were hesitant to get vaccinated against this disease.
Objective: The main aim of this study was to find out the perceptions of people in Lahore about COVID-19 disease and vaccination against it.
Methods: In a cross-sectional design, a questionnaire comprising of 40 questions was administered to 420 working class adults (18-70 years; both males and females) in Western Lahore with informed consent. Data were analyzed by using various statistical tests including logistic regression. A p < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Eighty percent of the respondents got vaccinated against COVID-19 disease. Protection against the disease was the main reason to get vaccination. The odds of vaccination against COVID-19 was 3.14 times more among assistants (a job level between manager and worker) compared to workers adjusted for age, gender, conveyance, place of living, income, education, and smoking (AOR=3.14;95% CI; 1.49-6.64). The odds of vaccination against COVID-19 was 1.88 more among participants owning their home compared to participants living in rental places, adjusted for age, gender, conveyance, income, education, and smoking (AOR=1.88;95% CI; 1.01-3.49). Similarly, odds of having vaccinated were more than 7 times and 6 times among those with high school education and college level education compared to illiterate subjects after adjustment with covariates (AOR=7.55, 95% of CI; 2.26-25.21 and AOR=5.97;95% of CI; 1.87-19.11, respectively).
Conclusion: Acceptance of vaccination against COVID-19 was quite high (80%) among working middle class adults in Lahore.