bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of s-process elements in asymptotic giant branch stars as revealed by Gaia/GSP-Spec abundances
Authors: Contursi G. , de Laverny P. , Recio-Blanco A. , Palicio P. A. , Abia C. 
Published: November 2023

Context. The recent parameterisation by the GSP-Spec module of Gaia/Radial Velocity Spectrometer stellar spectra has produced an homogeneous catalogue of about 174 000 asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. Among the 13 chemical elements presented in this Gaia third data release, the abundance of two of them (cerium and neodymium) have been estimated in most of these AGB stars. These two species are formed by slow neutron captures (s-process) in the interior of low- and intermediate-mass stars. They belong to the family of second-peak s-process elements.
Aims. We study the content and production rate of Ce and Nd in AGB stars, using the atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances derived by the GSP-Spec module.
Methods. We defined a working sample of 19 544 AGB stars with high-quality Ce and/or Nd abundances, selected by applying a specific combination of the GSP-Spec quality flags. We compared these abundances with the yield production predicted by AGB evolutionary models.
Results. We first confirmed that the majority of the working sample is composed of AGB stars by estimating their absolute magnitude in the K-band and their properties in a Gaia-2MASS diagram. We also checked that these stars are oxygen-rich AGB stars, as assumed during the GSP-Spec parameterisation. We found a good correlation between the Ce and Nd abundances, confirming the high quality of the derived abundances and that these species indeed belong to the same s-process family. We also found higher Ce and Nd abundances for more evolved AGB stars of similar metallicity, illustrating the successive mixing episodes enriching the AGB star surface in s-process elements formed deeper in their stellar interior. We then compared the observed Ce and Nd abundances with the FRUITY and Monash AGB yields and found that the higher Ce and Nd abundances cannot be explained by AGB stars of masses higher than 5 M⊙. In contrast, the yields predicted by both models for AGB stars with an initial mass between ∼1.5 and ∼2.5 M⊙ and metallicities between ∼−0.5 and ∼0.0 dex are fully compatible with the observed GSP-Spec abundances.
Conclusions. This work based on the largest catalogue of high-quality second-peak s-element abundances in oxygen-rich AGB stars allows evolutionary models to be constrained and confirms the fundamental role played by low- and intermediate-mass stars in the enrichment of the Universe in these chemical species.
Galaxy groups and clusters and their brightest galaxies within the cosmic web
Authors: Einasto Maret , Einasto Jaan , Tenjes Peeter , Korhonen Suvi , Kipper Rain , Tempel Elmo , Liivamägi Lauri Juhan , Heinämäki Pekka 
Published: November 2023

Context.The evolution of galaxy groups and the brightest group galaxies (BGGs) is influenced by their location in the cosmic web.Aims.Our aim is to combine data on galaxy groups, their BGGs, and their location in the cosmic web, to determine classes of groups and clusters, and to obtain a better understanding of their properties and evolution.Methods.Data on groups and their BGGs are based on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR10 MAIN spectroscopic galaxy sample in the redshift range 0.009 ≤ z ≤ 0.200. We characterize the group environments by the luminosity–density field and their filament membership. We divide BGGs according to their star formation properties as quenched (Q), red star-forming galaxies (RSF), and blue star-forming galaxies (BSF). We apply multidimensional Gaussian mixture modelling to divide groups based on the properties of the groups, their BGGs, and their environments. We analyse the offset of BGGs with respect to the group centre, and the relation between the stellar velocity dispersion of BGGsσ⋆and the group velocity dispersionsσv. For comparison we also analyse the properties of single galaxies of different star formation properties in various environments.Results.The galaxy groups in our sample can be divided into two main classes: high-luminosity rich groups and clusters, and low-luminosity poor groups with threshold luminosityLgrthr = 15 × 1010 h−2 L⊙and total massMgrthr ≈ 23 × 1012 h−1 M⊙. The brightest galaxies in clusters and groups have different star formation properties. In rich groups and clusters ≈90% of the BGGs are red quenched galaxies, while in poor groups only ≈40 − 60% of BGGs are red and quenched, and the rest of the BGGs are star-forming, either blue (20 − 40% of BGGs) or red (∼17% of BCGs). Rich groups and clusters are located in global high-density regions (superclusters) in filaments or filament outskirts, while poor groups reside everywhere in the cosmic web regardless of the global density (superclusters or voids). Clusters with quenched BGGs have higher luminosities and their BGGs are closer to the cluster centre than in clusters with star-forming BGGs. Groups of the same richness with red (quenched and star-forming) BGGs are more luminous, and they lie in higher global density environment than groups with blue star-forming BGGs.Conclusions.Our results suggest that the evolution of groups and clusters and their BGGs is related to their location in the cosmic web. We emphasize the role of global high-density regions–superclusters as a special environment for group growth. The processes that shape the properties of groups and their BGG are different and/or have different timescales in groups and clusters.
The external photoevaporation of structured protoplanetary disks
Authors: Gárate Matías , Pinilla Paola , Haworth Thomas J. , Facchini Stefano 
Published: November 2023

Context. The dust in planet-forming disks is known to evolve rapidly through growth and radial drift. In the high irradiation environments of massive star-forming regions where most stars form, external photoevaporation also contributes to rapid dispersal of disks. This raises the question of why we still observe quite high disk dust masses in massive star-forming regions.
Aims. We test whether the presence of substructures is enough to explain the survival of the dust component and observed millimeter continuum emission in protoplanetary disks located within massive star-forming regions. We also characterize the dust content removed by the photoevaporative winds.
Methods. We performed hydrodynamical simulations (including gas and dust evolution) of protoplanetary disks subject to irradiation fields of FUV = 102, 103, and 104 G0, with different dust trap configurations. We used the FRIED grid to derive the mass loss rate for each irradiation field and disk properties, and then proceed to measure the evolution of the dust mass over time. For each simulation we estimated the continuum emission at λ = 1.3 mm along with the radii encompassing 90% of the continuum flux, and characterized the dust size distribution entrained in the photoevaporative winds, in addition to the resulting far-ultraviolet (FUV) cross section.
Results. Our simulations show that the presence of dust traps can extend the lifetime of the dust component of the disk to a few millionyears if the FUV irradiation is FUV ≲ 103 G0, but only if the dust traps are located inside the photoevaporative truncation radius. The dust component of a disk will be quickly dispersed if the FUV irradiation is strong (104 G0) or if the substructures are located outside the photoevaporation radius. We do find however, that the dust grains entrained with the photoevaporative winds may result in an absorption FUV cross section of σ ≈ 10−22 cm2 at early times of evolution (<0.1 Myr), which is enough to trigger a self-shielding effect that reduces the total mass loss rate, and slow down the disk dispersal in a negative feedback loop process.
Intranasal immunisation with recombinant Toxoplasma gondii uridine phosphorylase confers resistance against acute toxoplasmosis in mice
Authors: Yin Li-Tian , Ren Ying-Jie , You Yu-Jie , Yang Yong , Wang Zhi-Xin , Wang Hai-Long 
Published: November 2023

Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which infects all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Currently, control measures for T. gondii infection are insufficient due to the lack of effective medications or vaccines. In this paper, recombinant T. gondii uridine phosphorylase (rTgUPase) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified via Ni2+-NTA agarose. rTgUPase was inoculated intranasally into BALB/c mice, and the induced immune responses were evaluated by mucosal and humoral antibody and cytokine assays and lymphoproliferative measurements. Moreover, the protective effect against the T. gondii RH strain infection was assessed by calculating the burdens of tachyzoites in the liver and brain and by recording the survival rate and time. Our results revealed that mice immunised with 30 μg rTgUPase produced significantly higher levels of secretory IgA (sIgA) in nasal, intestinal, vaginal and vesical washes and synthesised higher levels of total IgG, IgG1 and, in particular, IgG2a in their blood sera. rTgUPase immunisation increased the production of IFN-gamma, interleukin IL-2 and IL-4, but not IL-10 from isolated mouse spleen cells and enhanced splenocyte proliferation in vitro. rTgUPase-inoculated mice were effectively protected against infection with the T. gondii RH strain, showing considerable reduction of tachyzoite burdens in liver and brain tissues after 30 days of infection, and a 44.29% increase in survival rate during an acute challenge. The above findings show that intranasal inoculation with rTgUPase provoked mucosal, humoral and cellular immune responses and indicate that rTgUPase might serve as a promising vaccine candidate for protecting against toxoplasmosis.
Iridium-Catalyzed Ligand-Controlled Semi-Reduction of Alkynes Employing H2O as the Hydrogen Donor and Its Application
Authors: Zhao Wei , Zhou Siyi , Zhang Yi , Xu Dawei , Wang Chengniu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn iridium-catalyzed ligand-controlled semi-reduction of alkynes employing H2O as the hydrogen donor, together with its application, is reported. The use of di-tert-butylphosphinous chloride is crucial for stereoselectivity toward Z-olefins, whereas the use of 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde is crucial for stereoselectivity toward E-olefins. More than 35 alkenes were obtained in good yields and high stereoselectivities. The utility of the current method in practical applications was investigated by studying the drug effects of (E)-1,3-dimethoxy-5-styrylbenzene on nerve growth in a zebrafish model.
Past tense reference to future eventualities
Authors: Haans Harvey , de Hoop Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The simple past in Dutch, as in many other European languages, is not necessarily used to refer to a past eventuality. A Dutch example of a verb in simple past that does not refer to a past event, taken from the Spoken Dutch Corpus (CGN), is: Pa die ging morgen golfen ‘Dad is going to play golf tomorrow.’ Here, the past tense verb ging ‘went’ can be called a ‘fake past’, since it refers to a future eventuality, as can be seen from the adverb tomorrow. We argue that this use of the past tense is not modal, because it does not involve reference to a counterfactual, hypothetical, or unlikely eventuality. We present a Reichenbachian (1947) analysis of this use of past tense, in which we argue that while the eventuality takes place in the future, past tense is used to indicate that the point of perspective (R) is situated in the past (i.e. R-S-E).
Gain and loss induced higher-order exceptional points in a non-Hermitian electrical circuit
Authors: Shen Xizhou , Pan Keyu , Wang Xiumei , Jiang Hengxuan , Zhou Xingping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians effectively describing the physics of open systems have become an important tool in various physical platforms, such as photonics, mechanical systems, and electric circuits. The study of non-Hermitian states in electric circuits is developing rapidly recently and forming the field of topoelectrical circuits. Here, we report on the theoretical realization of a higher-order exceptional points (EPs) topological circuit induced by gain and loss. It is shown that, by tuning the value of the positive and negative resistors in the circuit, EPs can collide and merge leading to higher-order singularities. We observe the different energy-difference conserving dynamics near the EPs and the enhanced sensitivity at higher-order EPs. Our results show a way to get higher sensitivity in a non-Hermitian electrical circuit.
A spin field effect transistor based on a strained two dimensional layer of a Weyl semimetal
Authors: Rahman Rahnuma , Bandyopadhyay Supriyo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spin field effect transistors (SpinFET) are an iconic class of spintronic transistor devices that exploit gate tuned spin-orbit interaction in semiconductor channels interposed between ferromagnetic source and drain contacts to elicit transistor functionality. Recently, a new and different type of SpinFET based on gate tuned strain in quantum materials (e.g. topological insulators) has been proposed and may have interesting analog applications, such as in frequency multiplication, by virtue of its unusual oscillatory transfer characteristic. Here, we propose and analyze yet another type of SpinFET in this class, which may have a different application. It is based on gate-tuned strain in a Weyl semimetal, with the strain modulating spin interference. Because the operating principle is non-classical, the channel conductance shows oscillatory dependence on the channel length at zero gate voltage. Furthermore, the transconductance can switch sign if the channel length is varied. This latter feature can be exploited to implement a complementary device like complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) by connecting two such SpinFETs of slightly different channel lengths in series. These unusual properties may have niche applications.
Perturbing finite temperature multicomponent DFT 1D Kohn–Sham systems: Peierls gap & Kohn anomaly
Authors: Scheppe Adrian D , Pak Michael V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the greatest challenges when designing new technologies that make use of non-trivial quantum materials is the difficulty associated with predicting material-specific properties, such as critical temperature, gap parameter, etc. There is naturally a great amount of interest in these types of condensed matter systems because of their application to quantum sensing, quantum electronics, and quantum computation; however, they are exceedingly difficult to address from first principles because of the famous many-body problem. For this reason, a full electron-nuclear quantum calculation will likely remain completely out of reach for the foreseeable future. A practical alternative is provided by finite temperature, multi component density functional theory, which is a formally exact method of computing the equilibrium state energy of a many-body quantum system. In this work, we use this construction alongside a perturbative scheme to demonstrate that the phenomena Peierls effect and Kohn anomaly are both natural features of the Kohn–Sham (KS) equations without additional structure needed. We find the temperature dependent ionic density for a simple 1D lattice which is then used to derive the ionic densities temperature dependent affect on the electronic band structure. This is accomplished by Fourier transforming the ionic density term found within this KS electronic equation. Using the Peierls effect phonon distortion gap openings in relation to the Fermi level, we then perturb the KS ionic equation with a conduction electron density, deriving the Kohn anomaly. This provides a workable predictive strategy for interesting electro-phonon related material properties which could be extended to 2D and 3D real materials while retaining the otherwise complicated temperature dependence.
First-principles study of two-dimensional half-metallic ferromagnetism in CrSiSe4 monolayer
Authors: Jia Yuanyuan , Gao Yan , Liu Yong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic (FM) half-metallic materials have attracted intensive attention due to their unique electronic and magnetic properties and potential applications in spintronic devices. In this study, we predicted a stable 2D half-metallic material monolayer CrSiSe4 using first-principles density functional theory. The structure, electronic and magnetic properties were systematically studied. The calculations show that the monolayer CrSiSe4 is a dynamically stable FM half-metallic material. The spin-dependent transport properties and the Curie temperature up to 239 K are demonstrated. The spin band gap of monolayer CrSiSe4 was about 0.83 eV by the the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof function calculation. The magnetic anisotropy energy of each Cr atom in the monolayer of CrSiSe4 is

−
552.3
μ

eV. When the applied biaxial tensile strain is greater than 2%, monolayer CrSiSe4 spin-up conduction band and valence band will show a band gap at the Fermi level, and the electronic properties change from a half-metal to a semiconductor. Thus, the monolayer CrSiSe4 can provide an ideal candidate material for exploring 2D magnetic and spintronics experiments.
Axial super-resolution optical coherence tomography via complex-valued network
Authors: Wang Lingyun , Chen Si , Liu Linbo , Yin Xue , Shi Guohua , Mo Jianhua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a fast and non-invasive optical interferometric imaging technique that can provide high-resolution cross-sectional images of biological tissues. OCT’s key strength is its depth resolving capability which remains invariant along the imaging depth and is determined by the axial resolution. The axial resolution is inversely proportional to the bandwidth of the OCT light source. Thus, the use of broadband light sources can effectively improve the axial resolution and however leads to an increased cost. In recent years, real-valued deep learning technique has been introduced to obtain super-resolution optical imaging. In this study, we proposed a complex-valued super-resolution network (CVSR-Net) to achieve an axial super-resolution for OCT by fully utilizing the amplitude and phase of OCT signal. The method was evaluated on three OCT datasets. The results show that the CVSR-Net outperforms its real-valued counterpart with a better depth resolving capability. Furthermore, comparisons were made between our network, six prevailing real-valued networks and their complex-valued counterparts. The results demonstrate that the complex-valued network exhibited a better super-resolution performance than its real-valued counterpart and our proposed CVSR-Net achieved the best performance. In addition, the CVSR-Net was tested on out-of-distribution domain datasets and its super-resolution performance was well maintained as compared to that on source domain datasets, indicating a good generalization capability.
A comparison study on the acetone sensing performance of preeminent nanostructures of SnO2 for diabetes diagnosis
Authors: Priya M J , Subha P P , Antony Aldrin , Jayaraj M K , Rajeev Kumar K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Metal oxide semiconductor-based acetone sensors are of great need owing to their cost-effective easy production for real-time applications. Experiments on different morphologies of metal oxide nanostructures are gaining momentum for enhancing acetone sensing properties. 1D nanofibers and dangling bonds-rich facet exposed materials are eminent nanostructures in this field. In this article, we compare the acetone-sensing abilities of these nanostructures, including nanofibers and facet-exposed nanostructures. Acetone sensing qualities of the fabricated sensors were tested at different temperatures varying from 100 to 350 °C. Due to a significant number of dangling bonds on the surface, the octahedral nanoparticle sensor produced a higher response than the other sensors. At their respective operating temperatures, each of the manufactured sensors was capable of detecting a very low concentration of acetone (1 ppm). All of the samples had acceptable response and recovery times. The octahedral nanoparticle sensor’s excellent repeatability, reproducibility, and long-term stability made it a good choice for real-time detection of acetone in the exhaled breath of individuals with diabetes. In patients with diabetes, the exhaled breath exhibits an acetone concentration exceeding 1.8 ppm, whereas in healthy persons, this concentration typically falls between the ranges of 0.3–0.9 ppm.
Determining the bandgap and energetic disorder of photoactive layer via modeling the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells
Authors: Qin Dashan , Li Longdi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The bandgap and energetic disorder of photoactive layer are of great importance to analyzing the energy losses of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the accurate determinations of these two parameters have yet to be realized so far. Here, an improved analytic model based on Shockley equation is provided to simulate the photovoltaic performance of nonfullerene OSCs with efficiencies of ∼19%, whereby the bandgap and energetic disorder as fitting parameters are deduced. The modeling indicates that the radiative voltage loss is major, relative to the nonradiative one. The accurate quantification of the bandgap and energetic disorder relies on the accurate experimental measurement of charge carrier mobilities of photoactive layer. The simulations show that the state-of-art nonfullerene photoactive layers have bandgaps of ∼1.35 to 1.37 eV and energetic disorders of ∼0.11 eV. In order to improve the efficiencies of OSCs to over 20%, it is proposed to decrease the energetic disorders and/or increase the charge-carrier mobilities of photoactive layers.
The effect of plasma toroidal rotation on n = 1 resonant magnetic perturbation field penetration under low neutral beam injection torque in EAST
Authors: Ye Cheng , Sun You-Wen , Wang Hui-Hui , Liu Yue-Qiang , Shi Tong-Hui , Li Ying-Ying , Zang Qing , Lu Di-An , Jia Tian-Qi , Ma Qun , Gu Shuai , Chu Nan , He Kai-Yang , Jia Man-Ni , Wu Xue-Min , Xie Peng-Cheng , Sheng Hui , Yang Hua , Huang Lian-Sheng , Shen Biao , Wan Bao-Nian ,   the EAST Team
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the mode penetration of

n
=
1

resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) in EAST under low neutral beam injection torque in the co-current direction (Co-NBI). The experimental results indicate that the threshold current

I

RMP,th

for field penetration decreases with higher input torque

T

NBI

. Furthermore, it is observed that the plasma mode frequency

|

f

MHD

|

at counter-current direction is greatly reduced when the plasma toroidal rotation frequency

f
ϕ

increases. The theoretical scaling of mode frequency

(

I

RMP,th

∝

|

f

MHD

|

0.70

)

predicted by the field penetration theory is in good agreement with the experimental observation (

I

RMP,th

∝

|

f

MHD

|

0.53

). The role of

|

f

MHD

|

and

f
ϕ

on the mode onset threshold was separately investigated using the full toroidal geometry initial value code MARS-Q (Liu et al 2013 Phys. Plasmas
20 042503). The numerical scaling based on the experimental mode frequency is consistent with the experimental and theoretical ones. Numerical results suggest that evaluating the total mode frequency

|

f

MHD

|

is crucial in field penetration analysis, in contrast to toroidal rotation frequency

f
ϕ

. With the increase of

T

NBI

, the decreasing

|

f

MHD

|

leads to a reduction in the field penetration threshold. This suggests that more attention should be paid to error field tolerance in low Co-NBI torque scenarios, where the electron diamagnetic frequency may be canceled out by NBI-driven toroidal plasma rotation.