bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear generalized master equations: quantum case
Authors: Los Victor F 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A system of

N
≫
1

interacting spinless quantum particles, described by a statistical operator F(t), is considered. A time-dependent projection operator formalism for a family of projectors, which select a statistical operator

F

S

(
t
)

for a group of S < N relevant particles by integration of the variables of the irrelevant N − S ‘environment’ particles, is presented. This formalism results in a nonlinear version of the inhomogeneous Nakajima–Zwanzig generalized master equation (GME) for the relevant part of the statistical operator F(t), which contains an undesirable initial condition term related to the irrelevant part of the statistical operator depending on N variables. By introducing an additional operator identity, the obtained nonlinear inhomogeneous Nakajima–Zwanzig equation is exactly converted into a homogeneous nonlinear equation, accounting for initial correlations in the kernel governing its evolution. Both of these equations are equivalent to the corresponding evolution equations for

F

S

(
t
)

and take into account the dynamics of the environment particles. The equations for

F

S

(
t
)

are specialized in the linear approximation for the particle density n and analyzed for a one-particle statistical operator

F

1

(
t
)

. It turns out that, in addition to the correlations caused by interparticle interaction, the irrelevant initial condition term in the inhomogeneous equation for

F

1

(
t
)

, defined by the two-particle correlations, also contains quantum correlations conditioned by the quantum particle statistics. The latter do not vanish with time and cannot be disregarded in the conventional way by applying e.g. Bogoliubov’s principle of weakening of initial correlations. In order to take initial quantum and other correlations (commonly discarded in an unconvincing way) into consideration, the obtained nonlinear homogeneous GME has been applied. Exact in the first approximation in n, we obtain a new homogeneous equation for

F

1

(
t
)

, which accounts for correlations and is valid for any time moment t. It is shown how this reversible-in-time equation changes at different timescales and converts into the irreversible quantum Boltzmann equation on the macroscopic timescale without the use of the conventional approximations.
Universal scaling relations for growth phenomena
Authors: Rodrigues Evandro A , Mozo Luis Edwin E , de Assis Thiago A , Oliveira Fernando A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Family–Vicsek (FV) relation is a seminal universal relation obtained for the global roughness at the interface of two media in the growth process. In this work, we revisit the scaling analysis and, through both analytical and computational means, show that the FV relation can be generalized to a new scaling independent of the size, substrate dimension d, and scaling exponents. We use the properties of lattice growth models in the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang and Villain–Lai–Das Sarma universality classes for

1
⩽
d
⩽
3

to support our claims.
Kaon beam simulations employing conventional hadron beam concepts and the RF separation technique at the CERN M2 beamline for the future AMBER experiment
Authors: Metzger F. , Banerjee D. , Baratto Roldan A. , Bernhard J. , Brugger M. , Charitonidis N. , Dyks L. A. , Gatignon L. , Gerbershagen A. , Ketzer B. , Murphy R. , Mussolini C. A. , Nevay L. J. , Parozzi E. , Rae B. , Schuh-Erhard S. , Simon P. , Stergiou V. , Stummer F. , Van Dijk M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The AMBER-experiment [2, 1], located in the North Experimental Area at CERN, is the successor of the NA58/COMPASS [11] experiment which ran from 2002-2022. AMBER will start its data taking in 2023. The experiment is served by the M2 beamline, employing secondary and tertiary beams produced by 400 GeV c
-1 protons from the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) impacting the T6 target. For the second phase of their measurements, AMBER will require high-intensity kaon beams [6, 7]. This requirement for high-intensity beams implies a need for accurate particle identification allowing tagging particles of interest that would otherwise be lost for analysis. The beam particle identification is carried out using Cherenkov (CEDAR) detectors [5], whose tagging efficiency depends critically on the beam divergence. In this paper we investigate the beam parameters required, the performance achievable with the current layout of the beamline, as well as possible improvements.
BME-Assisted Fabrication of Porous Copper Films with Adjustable Porosity and Ligament Width for Microelectronic Interconnects
Authors: Wang Fengyi , Jiang Shaoyang , Liu Jiahao , Chen Hongtao , Li Mingyu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Monolithic porous Cu films are synthesized through the use of bicontinuous microemulsion (BME) to serve as a flexible template. The BME system is made up of a series of interconnected linked water and hydrocarbon phases. This one-of-a-kind structure enables precision Cu electrodeposition only in the aqueous phase, avoiding undesirable electrodeposition in the oil phase. We can fine-tune the porosity and ligament width of the resultant copper film by altering the oil phase proportion in the soft template. This Sn-plated porous Cu is capable of both low-temperature reflow and high-temperature service. The flexible template approach shows great potential for creating porous Cu with changeable porosity, allowing for more control over compositions. This approach has potential applications in advanced packaging technologies.
Effects of copper infiltrant amount and infiltration method on mechanical properties of sintered steel
Authors: Lin Pengcheng , Wang Linshan , Liang Xuebing , Hu Qiang , Wang Limin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the effects of copper infiltrant amount and copper infiltration method on the mechanical properties of Fe-Cu-C-based sintered steel were investigated. The results indicate that the density, tensile strength, impact energy, and hardness of the sintered steel increase with higher copper infiltration. The optimal mechanical properties were achieved when the copper infiltrant amount reached 15%, resulting in a surface hardness of HRC31, an impact energy of 31.34 J, and an ultimate tensile strength of 759 MPa. Furthermore, different copper infiltration methods affected the material’s mechanical properties. When the copper infiltrant amount was 12.5%, the impact energy of the sintered steel sample was 15.41% higher using the bottom copper infiltration process (30.19 J) compared to the top copper infiltration process (26.16 J). These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing the mechanical properties of iron-based powder metallurgy sintered steel with copper infiltration.
Detection of balling levels on the surface of SLM formed parts based on finite depth separable convolution network
Authors: Qiu He , Jiang Guozhang , Lin Xin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To meet the real-time requirements of balling levels detection in selective laser melting processes, a modified detection model, called Finite Depth Separable Convolution Network (F-DSCNet), is proposed by optimizing the existing benchmark model (BM) with two lightweight structures: Depth Separable Convolution (DSC) and Global Average Pooling (GAP). This model balances the effect of reducing model’s parameters and increasing model’s structural complexity brought by DSC on the computation and convergence speed of the model, and only introduces DSC in the higher-level convolution layers of the BM. In addition, the GAP structure is adopted instead of the fully connected layer to further reduce the number of parameters and accelerate model training and convergence. The experimental results show that the F-DSCNet model not only maintains high recognition accuracy but also significantly improves the model’s computation and convergence speed, as well as the recognition response time of a single image, exhibiting strong practicality for engineering applications.
High-Temperature Reliability of Nano-Ag Sintered Joints on Ag-Plated Cu Substrates
Authors: Xiaoting Wang , He Jingjing , Peng Zhipeng , Fan Yang , Wenbo Zhu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
As an emerging lead-free packaging interconnect material, Nano-Ag paste exhibits superior high-temperature mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. It can meet the stringent high-temperature and high-density packaging requirements of future high-power semiconductor devices and is garnering widespread attention. However, research on the high-temperature reliability of sintered joints remains rather limited. In this study, we fabricated high-strength hot-press sintered nano-Ag joints using a hot-press sintering process. These joints underwent aging at high temperatures of 200°C and 300°C, yielding insights into the variations in mechanical properties at different temperatures. The reasons behind joint failure were analyzed by investigating the evolution of joint microstructures and fracture surfaces. The results indicate that even after extended aging at 200°C, the joint strength can still be maintained at 176 MPa. However, after aging for over 100 hours at 300°C, the joint fails. The growth of Cu oxides was observed within the joint microstructure, which constitutes the primary cause of joint failure at 300°C.
Upgrade of Belle II vertex detector with CMOS pixel technology
Authors: Schwickardi M. , Babeluk M. , Barbero M. , Baudot J. , Bergauer T. , Bertolone G. , Bettarini S. , Bosi F. , Breugnon P. , Buch Y. , Casarosa G. , Dujany G. , Finck C. , Forti F. , Frey A. , Himmi A. , Irmler C. , Kumar A. , Marinas C. , Massa M. , Massaccesi L. , Mazzora de Cos J. , Minuti M. , Mondal S. , Pangaud P. , Pham H. , Ripp-Baudot I. , Rizzo G. , Schwenker B. , Valin I. ,   the Belle II VTX Upgrade Group
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Belle II experiment at KEK in Japan considers upgrading its vertex detector system to
address the challenges posed by high background levels caused by the increased luminosity of the
SuperKEKB collider. One proposal for upgrading the vertex detector aims to install a 5-layer all
monolithic pixel vertex detector based on fully depleted CMOS sensors in 2027. The new system will
use the OBELIX MAPS chips to improve background robustness and reduce occupancy levels through
small and fast pixels. This causes better track finding, especially for low transverse momenta
tracks. This text will focus on the predecessor of the OBELIX sensor, the TJ-Monopix2, presenting
laboratory and test beam results on pixel response, efficiency, and spatial resolution.
A Casimir operator for a Calogero W algebra
Authors: Correa Francisco , Leal Gonzalo , Lechtenfeld Olaf , Marquette Ian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe investigate the nonlinear algebraW3generated by the 9 functionally independent permutation-symmetric operators in the three-particle rational quantum Calogero model. Decoupling the center of mass, we pass to a smaller algebraW3′generated by 7 operators, which fall into a spin-1 and a spin-32representation of the conformalsl(2) subalgebra. The commutators of the spin-32generators with each other are quadratic in the spin-1 generators, with a central term depending on the Calogero coupling. One expects this algebra to feature three Casimir operators, and we construct the lowest one explicitly in terms of Weyl-ordered products of the 7 generators. It is a polynomial of degree 6 in these generators, with coefficients being up to quartic inℏand quadratic polynomials in the Calogero couplingℏ2g(g−1). Putting back the center of mass, our Casimir operator forW3is a degree-9 polynomial in the 9 generators. The computations require the evaluation of nested Weyl orderings. The classical and free-particle limits are also given. Our scheme can be extended to any finite numberNof Calogero particles and the corresponding nonlinear algebrasWNandWN′.
Food Estate in Transmigrant Society, Central Borneo: Blessed or Curse?
Authors: Widianto A A , Perguna L A , Fatanti M N , Alam M , Perdana D I 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The food estate program implemented in Central Borneo has elicited both positive and negative responses from diverse segments of society. The present scenario is closely intertwined with the pressing nature and consequential effects, particularly within the domains of environmental and ecosystem sciences, economics, and socio-cultural sciences. This research examines the implementation and effects of the food estate program on the transmigrant community in the Pandih Batu District, Pulang Pisau Regency, located in Central Borneo. It uses a qualitative research design. Data were gathered through observations, documentation, and interviews. The focus of this study pertains to the transmigrant community residing in the regions of Blanti, Siam, and Gadabung. Establishing a food estate in Pulang Pisau has yielded favorable outcomes within the community, including the provision of assistance and enhancements in infrastructure, particularly in terms of road accessibility for the distribution of crops. However, it also raises issues like ecosystem alterations and communal farming practices. Despite the need for the land to support the target’s achievement, people feel driven to boost the production of the agricultural products the government has set as a goal. The establishment of the food estate has resulted in a situation where farmers have become reliant on the government for the allocation of resources.
The Potential of Rice Field Development as a Hinterland for The New Capital City
Authors: Indra Tito L. , Damayanti Astrid , Nuzla Hazani Syahla , Dimyati Muhammad , Ramadhanti Puspo Tiara 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Rice fields in North Penajam Paser Regency continue to experience conversion. The plan to move the capital city to North Penajam Paser Regency can lead to an expansion of paddy field conversion. Babulu Subdistrict is a sub-district in North Penajam Paser Regency that has the largest area of rice fields, so it has considerable potential for providing food for the new capital city. In order to forecast rice fields in 2031 using cellular automata-markov chain modeling and to examine the potential of rice fields in the hinterland area of the future capital city, this study will look at changes in land use from 2009 to 2020. Land use changes were interpreted using 2009 Landsat 5 TM and 2014 and 2020 Maxar Technologies imagery. The driving factors used in this research are distance from road, distance from settlement, distance from river, slope, and elevation. The findings revealed that the number of rice fields in the Babulu Subdistrict raised in 2014 and declined in 2020. The rice fields’ transformations took place in places with easy access and level terrain. Rice fields are predicted to decline in 2031 because they have turned into oil palm plantations. Priority III dominates the potential for rice fields in Babulu Subdistrict with regard to the suitability of land development directives. Meanwhile, Priority I has the smallest area and is in the lowlands, which tend to be flat, far from roads, close to rivers, and immediate to irrigation networks.
Fuzzy Logic Approach for Earthquake Risk Around Menanga Fault, Lampung
Authors: Hendrawan Rezki Naufan , Draniswari Windi Anarta , Bakhtiar Agim Yustian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Earthquake mitigation was one of the most complex and challenging parts in disaster risk management due to its complex aspects because there will be surprises of magnitude and uncertain points of shocks. Hence, comprehensive and detailed analysis and modeling is needed to solve this kind of complexity. Fuzzy logic considers the promising approach for risk mitigation modeling with its algorithm that could help to model the uncertainties and ambiguities. Menanga Fault was the active fault that is now believed as the source of the earthquake that happened earlier in the Pesawaran area, Lampung. This paper aims to determine the earthquake risk level around Menanga Fault with fuzzy logic approach. The result of this research shows three levels of risk around the Menanga Fault and the highest was in the south and west area, especially in the coastal area.
Evaluation of Regional Tidal Model on the West Coast of North Sumatera Province
Authors: Purwanti S , Supriatna  , Susanti R D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
On the west coast of North Sumatra, the availability of tidal data has not been optimal, hence a tidal model is required to describe marine information. The regional tidal model (developed by Indonesia Geospatial Agency, hereafter called as BIG model) was built from multi-mission altimetry data that was assimilated with 138 tide stations (TS) data over the Indonesian ocean before 2018. The research aimed to evaluate the BIG model using TS data that was built after 2018, namely, TS.Barus, TS.Sirombu and TS.Batahan at 2019-2020. The research method is to calculate the Root Mean Square, Root Sum of Squares, Root Sum of Squares of the In-phase and Quadrature, and Discrepancy (D) of 8 harmonic constants (HC: M2, K1, S2, O1, P1, N2, K2, Q1). Also calculated the correlation between BIG model and prediction from TS data in January 2021. According to HC analysis, the smallest amplitude difference in K1 TS.Barus is - 0.0077m, while the largest is 0.0278m in M2 TS.Batahan.Q1 has the least RMS at 0.0039m, while M2 has the most at 0.035m.The Discrepancy (D) between the BIG model and TS data is 5.5609 percent, showing that the tidal model is reliable. The correlation value between BIG model and predicted observational data shows a strong positive relationship, indicated by an R value between 0.996 - 0.998.
Integrating Sentinel-2 and PlanetScope Image with Drone-based Seagrass Data for Seagrass Percent Cover Mapping
Authors: Wicaksono P , Hafizt M , Harahap S D , Nandika M R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Seagrass field data collection activities to train remote sensing images for seagrass percent cover mapping and assess its accuracy can be laborious, costly, and time-consuming, especially for vast seagrass meadows with high density variations. There is also a potential discrepancy in information between seagrass data collected in the field, which usually covers 0.25m2 or 1m2 ground area, and the spatial resolution of remote sensing image used. PlanetScope at 3m and Sentinel-2 at 10m are the currently frequently remote sensing images used to map seagrass. There is a considerable information gap between seagrass data collected in the field and their spatial resolution. The use of seagrass field data thus involves a generalization process and a set of assumptions to justify its integration with remote sensing image. An alternative is to use the drone-based aerial image (hereafter drone data), which captures seagrass meadows at very high spatial resolution, to interpret seagrass percent cover at a level of precision similar to the remote sensing data used. This research assessed the integration of drone-based seagrass data with PlanetScope and Sentinel-2 images to map seagrass percent cover. Seagrass percent cover was interpreted from drone data for each 9m2 and 100m2 ground size following the PlanetScope and Sentinel-2 grids, respectively. Stepwise, random forest, and support vector regression were employed to develop the seagrass’s percent cover mapping model. The accuracy assessment of the resulting seagrass percent cover map involves the calculation of RMS error and plot 1:1 and its derivative analyses. Our results showed that an unparalleled benefit of using drone data is the possibility to obtain SPC information that matches the spatial resolution of satellite imagery, where techniques such as photo-quadrat and photo-transect cannot match. Drone data is successfully integrated with PlanetScope and Sentinel-2 images to produce a high accuracy SPC map effectively and efficiently. Indeed, there are challenges in using drone data, mainly related to oceanographic and weather conditions, and the difficulties in interpreting SPC at the species level.
Seagrass Aboveground Carbon Stock Mapping using PlanetScope SuperDove Imagery in Nemberala, Rote Island, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Salsabila H N , Wicaksono P , Danoedoro P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Seagrass ecosystem is natural objects that can be used to adapt and mitigate climate change through blue carbon sequestration. There are 16 seagrass species in Indonesia and the high diversity of these species supports the high potential of carbon that can be absorbed and stored. This study aimed to develop a general equation to estimate seagrass aboveground carbon stock (AGC) from the percent cover (PC), and to map seagrass AGC using PlanetScope imagery in Nemberala, Rote Island. Nemberala has very diverse seagrass species such as Enhalus acoroides (Ea), Cymodocea rotundata (Cr), Halophila ovalis (Ho), Syringodium isoetifolium (Si), Thalassodendron ciliatum (Tc) and Thalassia hemprichii (Th). The results of laboratory analysis to obtain the value of carbon stocks using the Loss on Ignition method from each species were 0.016, 0.004, 0.001, 0.002, 0.001, and 0.0001 (gC/leaf) for Ea, Th, Cr, Si, Tc, and Ho, respectively. The general equation for predicting AGC from PC is SeagrassAGC = (0.051*SeagrassPC) – 0.635 with r of 0.61 and R2
of 0.36. This formula will be applied to convert field seagrass PC data to AGC, which will then be used to train and test the accuracy of seagrass AGC mapping based on PlanetScope SuperDove 8 bands image.
Thermal Comfort of The Palabuhanratu Tourism Area
Authors: Banurea Dedy Swandry , Manessa Masita Dwi Mandini 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The development of tourist areas is highly dependent on their facilities and attractions. The comfort level greatly affects nature-based tourism, which is based on outdoor activities. Palabuhanratu is popular with tourists because of its natural attractions, such as its beaches, water sports, and the new Ciletuh Geopark. The temperature and humidity of the air at the surface influence how comfortable travelers are in the area. These parameters are to be sensed directly by tourists participating in outdoor activities. The Temperature-Humidity Index (THI), based on the two climate parameters mentioned above, is used to show the comfort level. Spatiotemporal analysis based on GIS is used in this study, utilizing the ERA5 Reanalysis data for 1991–2020. The goal of this study is to find out how climate impacts comfort levels so that people can know when the best time is to visit. The THI values are highest in May, which means that this is the worst time of year to go to the area for outdoor activities. An examination of the diurnal pattern of THI is also carried out to demonstrate the sub-daily scale variation for further consideration.
Hydrogeology Conceptual Model of Meninting Dam and Its Surrounding Area, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Syafaat M B , Buana L A T A , Putra D P E , Kuncoro D A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Meninting Dam is one of the dams recently built in West Lombok, Indonesia. Hydrogeologically, this dam was built on the Mataram-Selong Groundwater Basin, which is known to be a highly productive aquifer. However, in this area, no extensive research in terms of hydrogeological conditions has been conducted. Therefore, the objective of this research is to present a conceptual model of the hydrogeology of the Meninting Dam and its surrounding area. This study was carried out by collecting primary and secondary data on the geological, hydrological, and hydrogeological conditions in the research area. Results show that there are two layers of unconfined aquifer, one layer of aquitard, and one layer of confined aquifer in this area. The unconfined aquifer is built by layers made up of pebbles, sand, clay, gravel, and boulders, but also a layer of pumiceous tuff with a thickness up to 40 m and a hydraulic conductivity value between 10-1 mm/s and 5x10-2mm/s. The confined aquifer is composed of pumiceous tuff and has a thickness range of up to 100 m and a K value of about 5 x 10-3 mm/s. Between unconfined and confined aquifers, there is a thick layer of aquitard made up of laharic breccia.