bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Egbert von Lepel and the Invention of the Spark-Gap Transmitter
Authors: Mathis Wolfgang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract. On 29 October 1923, radio broadcasting or “Rundfunk” was officially opened in the Voxhaus in Berlin and thus the new communication medium was now also available in Germany, but later than in other countries such as the US and the UK. However, first experiments with wireless telephony, which is the technical basis of this medium, were carried out more than ten years earlier (Pungs, 1922; Mathis, 2019; Titze and Mathis, 2020; Mathis and Titze, 2021). One of the pioneers of this technology was the German Egbert von Lepel, who developed in 1907 a new concept of wireless transmitters that was also suitable for use in wireless telephony. The concept later became known as the quenched spark-gap transmitter (“Löschfunkensender”) or ”Singing Spark” transmitter where a specific variant was developed by the Gesellschaft für Drahtlose Telegraphie (GDT: “Wireless Telegraph Society”), System Telefunken. This article discusses the history of this type of transmitter using new historical sources from national and international archives. It turns out that contrary to what is known on this subject from almost all publications on the history of early wireless technology, the German Imperial Patent Office decided in January 1911 that Lepel's patent was granted as the most fundamental for quenched spark-gap transmitters. With the disclosure of this important historical source, the question of the origin of the invention of the quenched spark-gap transmitter must be reassessed.
Biocrust-reduced soil water retention and soil infiltration in an alpine Kobresia meadow
Authors: Dai Licong , Fu Ruiyu , Guo Xiaowei , Du Yangong , Cao Guangmin , Zhou Huakun , Hu Zhongmin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Biocrust is a key component of ecosystems and plays a vital role in altering hydrological processes in terrestrial ecosystems. The impacts of biocrust on hydrological processes in arid and semi-arid ecosystems have been widely documented. However, the effects and mechanisms of biocrust on soil hydrological processes in alpine ecosystems are still poorly understood. In this study, we selected two meadow types from the northern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: normal Kobresia meadow (NM) and biocrust meadow (BM). Both the soil hydrological and physicochemical properties were examined. We found that, in the 0–30 cm soil layer, soil water retention and soil water content in NM were higher than those in BM, whereas the 30–40 cm layer's soil water retention and soil water content in NM were lower than those in BM. The topsoil infiltration rate in BM was lower than that in NM. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties were different between NM and BM. The 0–10 cm soil layer's clay content in BM was 9 % higher than that in NM, whereas the 0–30 cm layer's soil capillary porosity in NM was higher than that in BM. In addition, the 0–20 cm layer's soil total nitrogen (TN) and soil organic matter (SOM) in NM were higher than those in BM, implying that the presence of biocrust may not favor the formation of soil nutrients owing to its lower soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen. Overall, soil water retention was determined by SOM by altering the soil capillary porosity and bulk density. Our findings suggest that the establishment of cyanobacteria crust biocrust may not improve soil water retention and infiltration, and the soil in cyanobacteria crust meadows could be more vulnerable to runoff generation and consequent soil erosion. These results provide a systematic and comprehensive understanding of the effects of biocrust on the soil hydrology of alpine ecosystems.
USING A MIDTERM WARNING SYSTEM TO IMPROVE STUDENT PERFORMANCE AND ENGAGEMENT IN AN INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS COURSE: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: ROTONDI NOOSHIN , RUDOLER DAVID , HUNTER WILLIAM , SANUSI OLAYINKA , COLLIER CHRIS , ROTONDI MICHAEL 
Published: December 2023

This article reports on an evaluation the effectiveness of e-mailed grade “nudges” on students’ performance and engagement in an introductory statistics course for undergraduate health science students. In 2020–2021, 358 students were randomized to an e-mail (n = 178) or no e-mail (n = 180) group. The intervention e-mail contained information on each student’s predicted final grade (grade nudge). Using two-sample t-tests, the statistical analysis of final grades in the course showed a higher compatibility with a model of no mean difference for students in the e-mail (73.5%) vs. no e-mail (72.1%) group. Comparison of the distributions of final grades between the two groups, however, suggested the e-mailed nudges may be related to slight improvements in final grades. Specifically, the median final grade was higher in the e-mail group (74.6 vs. 72.4); the Q1 value in the e-mail group was also higher, and the interquartile range was similar: no e-mail group (15.8) vs. e-mail group (14.2). Students also completed the Scale of Student Engagement in Statistics (SSE-S). Total engagement, affective and cognitive subscale scores of the SSE-S were higher in the e-mail group, resulting in low compatibility with a model of no difference in engagement scores. Overall, the results showed there is potential for our midterm warning system to be used to improve outcomes, particularly given that it is simple to implement, cost-effective, and easily scalable.
IMPROVING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF ALUMINUM PRODUCTION USING THE TECHNOLOGY OF PREHEATING ANODES
Authors: Кондратьев В.В. , Сысоев И.А. , Колосов А.Д. , Константинова М.В. , Гладких В.А. , Карлина Ю.И. 
Published: December 2023

Предложено решение по повышению энергетической эффективности производства алюминия с использованием технологии предварительного нагрева обожженных анодов. Проведен расчет сокращения расхода электроэнергии, и дана оценка преимуществ технологии предварительного нагрева обожженных анодов. Организованы и проведены опытно-промышленные испытания технологии предварительного нагрева анодов. Представлены результаты математического моделирования и практических испытаний технологии. После окончания операции по замене анодных блоков производились измерения значения силы тока на анододержателе опытного анода и на анодах-свидетелях. Теоретическая экономия электроэнергии для 200 электролизеров на силу тока 300–350 кА превышает 6 млн кВт·ч электроэнергии в год при отсутствии значимых капитальных затрат. Внедрение технологии требует незначительного изменения уровня операционных затрат вследствие изменения логистики хранения и доставки анодов перед их заменой.
The article proposes a solution to improve the energy efficiency of aluminum production using the technology of preheating of annealed anodes. The calculation of the reduction of electricity consumption is carried out and the advantages of the preheating technology of annealed anodes are evaluated. Pilot tests of the technology of preheating anodes were organized and conducted. The results of mathematical modeling and practical tests of the annealed anodes heating technology are presented. After the end of the operation to replace the anode blocks, the current values were measured on the anode holders of the experimental anode and on the witness anodes. The theoretical energy savings for 200 electrolyzers with a current of 300-350 kA exceeds 6 million kWh of electricity per year in the absence of significant capital costs. The introduction of the technology requires a slight change in the level of operating costs due to changes in the logistics of storage and delivery of anodes before their replacement.
CHARPY IMPACT TOUGHNESS AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF LOW-ALLOY STEEL WELD PRODUCED BY AUTOMATIC SUBMERGED ARC WELDING
Authors: Кантор М.М. , Воркачев К.Г. , Степанов П.П. , Жарков С.В. , Эфрон Л.И. , Боженов В.А. 
Published: December 2023

Проведено сопоставление ударной вязкости, микроструктуры и особенностей изломов образцов сварного шва низколегированной стали, полученного автоматической сваркой под флюсом. Установлено, что при нанесении надреза по оси сварного шва разрушение происходит по крупным зернам зернограничного феррита размером 80–140 мкм с неблагоприятной ориентацией плоскостей скола {001}. Сочетание с неметаллическими включениями размером 3–5 мкм облегчает зарождение транскристаллитного скола. Показано влияние размера зерен аустенита, кристаллографической текстуры и межзеренного разрушения на величину ударной вязкости. Непрерывные цепочки зернограничного феррита на фронте магистральной трещины выстраиваются вдоль параллельных надрезу границ столбчатых зерен осевой ориентации, что повышает склонность к транскристаллитному сколу. В то же время при боковой ориентации столбчатых зерен бывшего аустенита линия фронта магистральной трещины пересекает лишь отдельные несвязанные между собой участки зернограничного феррита. При нанесении надреза со смещением отмечены более высокие значения ударной вязкости и пластичности.
A comparison of the impact toughness, microstructure and fracture features of low-alloy steel weld samples produced by automatic submerged Arc welding has been carried out. It is established that in the case of an incision along the axis of the weld, fracture occurs along a large grain of grain boundary ferrite 80–140 microns in size with an unfavorable orientation of the cleavage planes {001}. The combination of such grains with nonmetallic inclusions of 3–5 microns in size facilitates the cleavage initiation. The influence of austenite grain size, crystallographic texture and intergranular fracture on the impact strength is shown. Continuous chains of grain boundary ferrite at the front of the main crack line up along the boundaries of parallel to the incision columnar grains of axial orientation, which in turn increases the tendency to transcrystalline cleavage. At the same time, the lateral orientation of prior austenite columnar grains predetermines that, the front line of the main crack intersects only certain disconnected areas of grain boundary ferrite. Shifted incision results in both Charpy impact toughness and plasticity increase of steel weld metal.
COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF CARBIDE PRODUCTS MADE OF ELECTROEROSIVE POWDERS OBTAINED FROM SOLID ALLOY WASTE T5K10 IN WATER
Authors: Агеев Е.В. , Агеева Е.В. 
Published: December 2023

В работе рассмотрены принципы сопряжения технологии получения новых порошковых материалов из отходов твердых сплавов электроэрозионным диспергированием отходов сплава Т5К10 в жидкой рабочей среде (воде) и технологии их компактирования методом искрового плазменного спекания. Экспериментально установлено, что твердые сплавы из диспергированных электроэрозией частиц сплава Т5К10, полученные искровым плазменным спеканием в условиях быстрого нагрева и малой продолжительности рабочего цикла, обладают более высокими физико-механическими свойствами по сравнению с промышленными твердыми сплавами, из которых были получены исходные частицы порошка, вследствие подавления роста зерна и получения равновесного состояния с субмикронным зерном.
The paper considers the principles of coupling the technology of obtaining new powder materials from solid alloy waste by electroerosive dispersion of T5K10 alloy waste in a liquid working medium (water) and the technology of their compaction by spark plasma sintering. It has been experimentally established that hard alloys made of electroerosion dispersed T5K10 alloy particles obtained by spark plasma sintering under conditions of rapid heating and short working cycle duration have higher physical and mechanical properties compared to industrial hard alloys from which the initial powder particles were obtained, due to suppression of grain growth and obtaining an equilibrium state with submicron grain.
Activating Illite kaolinite clay with CTAB for adsorbing Methylene blue: Isotherms, Kinetics, and thermodynamics studies
Authors: Salem Atia, Salah Neghmouche Nacer, Sara Bahemmi, Ammar Zobeidi, , Noureddine Elboughdiri Djamel Ghernaout , 
Published: December 2023

In this study, a stable multilayered adduct of maghemite surfactant and clay was created by sandwich-like electrostatic self-assembly of cationic polyelectrolytes of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with illite kaolinite (IKaol) clay. The adsorptive property of IKaol/CTAB towards MB from . Aquatic system uptake was investigated. Its characteristics were analysed using X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the zero point of charge. To attain higher performance of the IKaol/CTAB for MB adsorption, the primary key factors that influence the MB dye, such as (A: loading CTAB into the composite matrix of IKaol), adsorbent dose (B: 0.02–0.06 g), pH (C: 4–10), temperature (D: 30–60 °C), and time (E: 5–60 min) , were optimised using the Box–Behnken design method. The obtained results show that the highest MB removal efficiency of 86.24 % was observed at the following significant interactions: AB, BC, and AC and at optimum adsorption operation parameters (A: 0%, B: 0.06 g, C: 7, D: 45◦C, and E: 17.5 min). At these optimum conditions, the best adsorption capacity of MB dye (114.94 mg/g) was recorded at 45°C. The most effective isotherms and kinetic models were the Freundlich and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The MB dye adsorption mechanism by IKaol can be assigned to several interactions, such as electrostatic attractions, n-π interaction, and hydrogen bonding interactions. The results of this study demonstrate the viability of IKaol as a promising precursor for the creation of an efficient adsorbent that can be used to remove cationic dye from an aqueous environment.
The Ecogothic in Mosses from an Old Manse: Cultivating (Poisonous) Gardens at the Old Manse
Authors: Mullen Lawrence Lorraine 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Between 1842 and 1845, Nathanial Hawthorne and Sophia Peabody Hawthorne called Old Manse home as they began their newly wedded life in Concord, Massachusetts; the stories Hawthorne would then publish in Mosses from an Old Manse and Other Stories (1846), consist of tales written and edited within the walls of Old Manse, therefore impressing the architecture of the structure—and its gardens—on to the collected short stories. Looking to tales like “Rappaccini’s Daughter” and “The Birthmark,” I intend to triangulate these ecogothic narratives with the physical built form of Old Manse and its gardens, along with the social function and domestic space(s) within both fictional narratives and Old Manse’s rooms and outdoor spaces. If gardening aids the newlyweds in defining domesticity and home in Concord, then how does the ecogothic present an alternative form of domesticity—of cultivating dangerous and poisonous gardens? As previous scholars have posited landscape itself as being a cultural artifact worthy of interrogation, I aim to provide an additional archival consideration of the Hawthornes’ material, lived interaction with Old Manse as creating both current and counter-current narratives of the environment and ecology within Mosses from an Old Manse and Other Stories.
Hath or Hath Not: A Reexamination of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Bowdoin College Silhouette
Authors: Stefko Katherine 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Closely comparing two copies of the earliest image of Nathaniel Hawthorne, a silhouette purportedly cut while he was a student at Bowdoin College in Maine, this article considers the production, history, and authenticity of the image. In particular, the author examines the silhouettes’ watermarks, signatures, context, and provenance to reconcile remembrances of Hawthorne’s classmates, especially those of Horatio Bridge, who recorded that Hawthorne did not have his profile cut at Bowdoin, with the countervailing physical evidence that the silhouettes themselves present, concluding that the two silhouettes—one held by Bowdoin College for over a century and one newly acquired from the descendants of Hawthorne’s classmate Jonathan Cilley—are almost certainly genuine depictions of Hawthorne created in 1823.
DETEKSI DINI HYPERKOLESTEROLEMIA DAN HYPERTENSI PADA LANSIA DI POSYANDU LANSIA SEJAHTERA RW 04, KELURAHAN MOJOSONGO, KECAMATAN JEBRES, SURAKARTA
Authors: Dwi Ariani Sulistyowati  , Siti Handayani  , Sumardino Sumardino 
Published: December 2023

Lansia adalah kelompok rentan/beresiko terhadap penyakit infeksi maupun penyakit tidak menular (PTM) yang disebabkan oleh penurunan fungsi organ secara fisiologis dan penurunan immunitas. Berbagai keluhan muncul terutama bekaitan dengan sistem kardiovaskuler dan syndrom metabolisme seperti meningkatnya tekanan darah (hypertensi) dan kolesterol. Pemantauan kesehatan lansia sebaiknya dilakukan secara teratur supaya permasalahan kesehatan lansia dapat teratasi. Posyandu lansia adalah lembaga swadaya masyarakat yang mendapat dukungan dari pemerintah dan tersebar hampir disetiap desa. Layanan kesehatan rutin berupa: penimbangan berat badan, pengkuran tinggi badan, dan pengukuran tekanan darah dilakukan oleh kader terlatih. Pemeriksan laboratorium sederhana seperti gula darah, asam urat dan kolesterol tidak termasuk program posyandu dikarenakan tidak ada alokasi dana, sehingga gejala awal PTM tidak terdeteksi. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, kami dosen Poltekkes Surakarta akan melakukan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan melakukan pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol dan pengukuran tekanan darah pada lansia sebagai upaya deteksi dini PTM. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah Terdeteksinya kadar kolesterol dan tekanan Lansia di Posyandu, manfaat pengabdian ini adalah Sebagai upaya deteksi dini PTM dan meningkatkan kunjungan posyandu lansia
CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEWLY ISOLATED AZO-DYE DEGRADING KLEBSIELLA SP. STRAIN RGUDBI01
Authors: Khan Sahiba , Das Indukalpa , Baishya Prapti , Roy Madhumita , Das Susmita , Borbora Debasish , Borah Debajit 
Published: December 2023

Azo-dyes such as crystal violet are commonly used ingredient in all types of dying industries which more often eventually reach water and soil due to washing and disposal practices. They are non-biodegradable inside higher organisms and are less biodegradable due to their xenobiotic character. However, some of the microbes exhibit their extensive potential to degrade such recalcitrants. This study reports the isolation and characterization of a newly isolated Klebsiella sp. strain RGUDBI01 from petroleum-contaminated soil samples. The species-level identification was done by 16S rDNA gene sequencing (ON945611.1). The isolate exhibited 88% azo-dye degradation just after 3 days of incubation under optimized conditions. The treated samples exhibited a significant increase in the growth of Cicer arietinum seeds compared to the control group. This result suggests that the dye-contaminated samples, after treatment, displayed non-cytotoxic behavior. The strain also showed its potential to tolerate and withstand a wide range of pH, salinity, and substrate concentration which supports its futuristic environmental application. In addition to the above, the strain could also produce biosurfactants with ʋC=C, ʋC=C-H, and ʋC-C functional groups which were evaluated based on FTIR spectral analysis.
EFFECTS OF LIMA BEAN (Phaseolus lunatus) FLOUR ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND GROWTH RECOVERY MALNUTRITION RATS
Authors: Maliza Rita , Tofrizal Alimuddin , Santoso Putra , Jannatan Robby , Amatu Zikrah Azizah 
Published: December 2023

Incorporating lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) flour can replace and complement the content of proteins, macronutrients, and micronutrients, which may be related to curative effects for malnutrition. Therefore, an in vivo approach was undertaken to demonstrate the effect of lima bean flour on cognitive function and growth recovery in malnourished rats. Four groups of male Wistar rats were included in this study: The control group (N), MAL, MAL+25% LB group, and MAL+50% LB group. Morphometric analysis was used to assess growth recovery. Cognitive tests included Y-Maze, Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT), and Water Maze by Morris (MWM) test, and histopathological examination of the brain sections was conducted on the cerebral cortex and hippocampus by hematoxylin and eosin stains. The biological activity prediction of lima bean active compounds was analyzed by the PASS server using an in-silico study. This study found that lima bean flour increased body weight, length, tail increment, ear length, and leg length in malnourished rats at 50% lima bean concentration, similar to the control group. Lima bean flour showed neuroprotective capabilities by reversing the effects of malnutrition on the cerebral cortex and hippocampus by lowering the percentage of degenerated cells and increasing cognitive and behavioral. Eight bioactive compounds in lima bean extract have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Lima bean flour, a source of complex nutrients, protects against malnutrition systemically in various organ systems, including the brain.
Verantwoordelijk en kritisch?
Authors: Timmerman Ruben , Marzouk Amr 
Published: December 2023

Responsible and critical? Exploring the impact of ethics committees on critical criminology
In recent years, there has been a rapid expansion of institutional research ethics boards (REBs) in universities across Europe. While ostensibly part of a growing awareness and concern for the potentially harmful impacts of social science research, this growing institutionalisation of research ethics has also attracted critics who have questioned its impact on academic freedom, methodological innovation, and scholarly independence. These concerns are especially vital for critical criminology, which has a long-standing tradition of investigating the crimes and social harms of the powerful. In this paper, we critically examine the role of REBs specifically in relation to critical criminological research and explore the possibilities for conducting socially and ethically responsible research, while continuing to maintain our commitment to challenging the social harms and crimes committed by institutions of power.
Onzekerheid over verantwoordelijkheden
Authors: Grit Kor , Pot Margriet 
Published: December 2023

Onzekerheid over verantwoordelijkheden – Naar reflextief toezicht
Persoonsgerichte dienstverlening aan mensen in een kwetsbare positie schiet vaak tekort omdat die onvoldoende oog heeft voor hun totale functioneren. Het dienstverleningsaanbod is veelal sectorspecifiek, evenals het toezicht daarop. Het gebruikelijke sectorspecifieke nalevingstoezicht lijkt ontoereikend om de dienstverlening aan kwetsbare mensen dat gepaard gaat met onzekerheid en complexiteit te verbeteren. Dit vraagt om innovatieve, reflexieve vormen van toezicht dat lerend van aard is. We presenteren het denkkader en de uitdagingen voor de ontwikkeling van reflexief toezicht dat interactief is en gericht op hogere-orde-leren. Reflexief toezicht beoogt geen complete vervanging van het nalevingstoezicht.
De professionalisering van customer due diligence
Authors: Erkens Frank 
Published: December 2023

De professionalisering van customer due diligence
Het witwasdossier is geen rustig bezit; niet voor financiële en andere instellingen en ook niet voor de verschillende toezichthouders. De decennialange worsteling bij instellingen tussen compliance en commercie lijkt nog altijd geen goed werkende balans te hebben opgeleverd en de vooruitzichten zijn allesbehalve positief. In dit artikel wordt uiteengezet dat aan Customer Due Diligence twee verschillende onderzoeksmethodieken ten grondslag kunnen liggen, die lijnrecht tegenover elkaar staan en verschillende resultaten opleveren. Daarnaast belemmeren ook andere factoren een professionele aanpak van de witwasproblematiek. Het wordt tijd voor een professionalisering van CDD.