bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental modelling and intelligent control of a wood‐drying kiln
Authors: Yan Givon Chuen Kee , De Silva Clarence W. , Wang Xiaochun G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractProper control of the wood‐drying kiln is crucial in ensuring satisfactory quality of dried wood and in minimizing drying time. This paper presents the development, implementation, and evaluation of a control system for a lumber drying kiln process incorporating sensory feedback from in‐wood moisture content sensors and intelligent control such that the moisture content of lumber will reach and stabilize at the desired set point without operator interference. The drying process is difficult to model and control due to complex dynamic nonlinearities, coupling effects among key variables, and process disturbances caused by the variation of lumber sizes, species, and environmental factors. Through system identification scheme using experimental data and recursive least‐squares algorithm for parameter estimation, appropriate models are developed for simulation purpose and controller design. Two different control methodologies are employed and compared: a conventional proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller and a direct fuzzy logic controller (FLC), and system performance is evaluated through simulations. The developed control system is then implemented in a downscaled industrial kiln located at the Innovation Centre of National Research Council (NRC) of Canada. This experimental set‐up is equipped with a variety of sensors, including thermocouples for temperature feedback, an air velocity transmitter for measuring airflow speed in the plenum, relative humidity sensors for measuring the relative humidity inside the kiln, and in‐wood moisture content sensors for measuring the moisture content of the wood pieces. For comparison, extensive experimental studies are carried out on‐line using the two controllers, and the results are evaluated to tune the controller parameters to achieve good performance in the wood‐drying kiln. The combination of conventional control with the intelligent control promises improved performance. The control system developed in this study may be applied in industrial wood‐drying kilns, with a clear potential for improved quality and increased speed of drying. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two common genetic thrombotic risk factors: Factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A in adult Turkish patients with thrombosis
Authors: Gurgey A. , Haznedaroglu I.C. , Egesel T. , Buyukasık Y. , Ozcebe O.I. , Sayınalp N. , Dundar S.V. , Bayraktar Y. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe prevalence of genetic risk factors for thrombosis varies greatly in different parts of the world, both in patients with thrombosis and in the general population. Factor V Leiden (FVL) and prothrombin G20210A (PT G20210A) mutations are the most common genetic defects leading to thrombosis. We have previously reported that those two thrombotic risk alleles are frequently found in Turkish children with thrombosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of FVL and PT G20210A and their clinical manifestations in adult Turkish patients with thrombosis. Between January 1997 and February 2000, 146 patients with documented thrombosis were investigated in our center for the presence of the FVL and PT G20210A mutations. Forty‐five of 146 patients with thrombosis (30.8%) were detected to have FVL mutation. Among those cases with the FVL mutation, seven (4.8%) had homozygote and 38 (26%) had heterozygote mutation. The PT G20210A mutation was detected in 10 of the 146 patients with thrombosis (6.8%). Another six cases (4.1%) had both FVL and PT G20210A mutations. The overall frequency of these two common risk alleles in our adult population with thrombosis was 41.6%. Our findings reveal that FVL and PT G20210A mutations are significant genetic risk factors contributing to the pathophysiology of thrombosis in the Turkish population. Am. J. Hematol. 67:107–111, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐dose cytosine arabinoside and idarubicin treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia in myeloid blast crisis
Authors: Barone Steven , Baer Maria R. , Sait Sheila N.J. , Lawrence David , Block AnneMarie W. , Wetzler Meir 
Published: September 2002

AbstractChronic myeloid leukemia in myeloid blast crisis (CML‐MBC) is highly resistant to standard induction chemotherapy regimens. Anecdotal results from previous clinical trials support the concept of dose escalation in patients with CML‐MBC. Eight patients with CML‐MBC were treated with cytosine arabinoside (Ara‐C) 1.5–3.0 g/m2 intravenously over 1 hr every 12 hr for 12 doses and idarubicin 12 mg/m2 intravenously daily for 3 days. Sixteen previous reports describing the use of Ara‐C‐based chemotherapy regimens in patients with CML‐MBC were also reviewed. Our patients' median age was 62 years (range, 42–69 years). One patient achieved complete hematologic remission (95% confidence interval, 0.3%, 53%).The median survival for our patients was 7.3 months. These results were not different from previous published reports using Ara‐C‐based chemotherapy regimens to treat CML‐MBC. In summary, the combination of high‐dose Ara‐C and idarubicin did not improve the overall prognosis of patients with CML‐MBC. Innovative approaches need to be explored for this patient population. Am. J. Hematol. 67:119–124, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased levels of tissue factor pathway inhibitor may reflect disease activity and play a role in thrombotic tendency in Behçet's disease
Authors: Akarsu Mesut , Demirkan Fatih , Özsan G. Hayri , Önen Fatos , Yüksel Faize , Özkan Sebnem , Ündar Bülent 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a Kunitz‐type proteinase inhibitor that has a crucial role in haemostasis and is primarily synthesized in the vascular endothelium. We investigated plasma total TFPI, antiphospholipid antibodies, and some other coagulation and fibrinolytic system parameters in 30 patients with Behçet's disease and 15 controls by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method. TFPI levels were significantly higher in the Behçet's group (119 ± 57.5 ng/ml) compared with the control group (74.8 ± 31.5) (P < 0.009). We also noted a statistical significance in TFPI levels between patients with active disease (n:16) (139 ± 55) and patients without activation (n:14) (96 ± 53) (P < 0.03), whereas inactive patients lacked any significance when compared with the control group (P < 0.29). Other parameters disclosed no statistical significance between patients and control group except for elevated fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 levels in the patient group (P < 0.003). Increased levels of TFPI may reflect a defensive mechanism like in other diseases characterized by thrombotic tendency and represent a parameter of disease activity. Am. J. Hematol. 68:225–230, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reorganization of human motor cortex after hand replantation
Authors: Röricht Simone , Machetanz Jochen , Irlbacher Kerstin , Niehaus Ludwig , Biemer Edgar , Meyer Bernd‐Ulrich 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn 10 patients, reorganizational changes of the motor cortex contralateral to a replanted hand (MCreplant) were studied one to 14 years after complete traumatic amputation and consecutive successful replantation of the hand. The organizational state of MCreplant was assessed for the deafferentated and peripherally deefferentated hand‐associated motor cortex and the adjacent motor representation of the proximal arm. For this, response maps were established for the first dorsal interosseus and biceps brachii muscle using focal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on a skull surface grid. Characteristics of the maps were center of gravity (COG), number of effective stimulation sites, amplitude sum, and amplitudes and response threshold at the optimal stimulation point. The COG is defined by the spatial distribution of response amplitudes on the map and lies over the cortex region with the most excitable corticospinal neurones supplying the recorded muscle. The COG of the biceps map in MCreplant was shifted laterally by 9.8 ± 3.6 mm (range 5.0–15.7 mm). The extension of the biceps map in MCreplant was increased and the responses were enlarged and had lowered thresholds. For the muscles of the replanted hand, the pattern of reorganization was different: Response amplitudes were enlarged but thresholds, COG, and area of the cortical response map were normal. The different reorganizational phenomena observed for the motor cortical areas supplying the replanted hand and the biceps brachii of the same arm may be influenced by a different extent of deafferentation and by their different role in hand motor control.
Nanostructured ceramics: a review of their potential
Authors: Cain Markys , Morrell Roger 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe driving forces for the recent development of nanoscale features in conventional ceramic materials for both mechanical and functional reasons are discussed, and the causes of some of the resulting property enhancements are identified. Examples from the technical literature are examined, and the potential for future applications is assessed in terms of the tradeoff between enhanced properties and the added costs and difficulties of processing ultrafine powders. © Crown copyright 2001. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoinduced degradation by iron(III): removal of triphenyltin chloride from water
Authors: Mailhot Gilles , Brand Nathalie , Astruc Michel , Bolte Michele 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe photoredox process taking place in iron(III) aquacomplexes was used to cause the complete degradation of triphenyltin (TPT). TPT elimination was proved to come only from attack by hydroxyl radicals generated upon irradiation at 365 nm of Fe(H2O)5OH2+, the iron(III) species present under the experimental conditions ([Fe(III)] in the range (3–6) × 10−4 mol l−1). The first step is the formation of an adduct between hydroxyl radicals and the benzene ring. The main process is a stepwise dephenylation of the starting TPT. Hydroxylated phenyltin derivatives were also formed, but only as minor photoproducts. The process was shown to be efficient with artificial light as well as with solar light. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultracytochemical study of medullary bone calcification in estrogen injected male Japanese quail
Authors: Yamamoto Toshio , Nakamura Hiroaki , Tsuji Takehito , Hirata Azumi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFine structural and cytochemical studies were performed to clarify the pattern of medullary bone calcification, specifically in relation to sulfated glycosaminoglycans, by using estrogen‐induced medullary bone of male Japanese quails. Tibiae were collected at 4 and 7 days after estrogen treatment. Medullary bone had developed inward toward the marrow cavity, and calcification had begun near the cortical bone and deeper parts of the trabeculae, accompanied by wide osteoid at extending tips and surface areas of the trabeculae. Sulfated glycosaminoglycans, detected by high iron diamine (HID), were distributed in the matrix in a pattern similar to that of calcified matrix of the trabeculae. Cortical bone was negatively stained by HID. In undecalcified specimens, calcified nodules were seen in areas undergoing calcification. Globular structures composed of fine filamentous materials, a marginal dense layer, and central core, were also observed in the matrix of decalcified specimens. Both the calcified nodules and globular structures showed the same distribution pattern, i.e., they were dispersed at surface areas and coalesced in the deeper areas of the matrix. The globular structures were exclusively positive for HID–thiocarbohydrazide–silver protein (HID‐TCH‐SP) stain, indicating the localization of sulfated glycosaminoglycans. These results strongly suggest that medullary bone calcification progresses by the coalescence of calcified nodules and that sulfated glycosaminoglycans play an important role for the regulation of globular calcification. Anat Rec 264:25–31, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors influencing the protein binding of a new phosphodiesterase V inhibitor, DA‐8159, using an equilibrium dialysis technique
Authors: Shim Hyun J. , Lee Eun J. , Kim So H. , Kim Soon H. , Yoo Moohi , Kwon Jong W. , Kim Won B. , Lee Myung G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractVarious factors influencing the protein binding of DA‐8159 to 4% human serum albumin (HSA) were evaluated using an equilibrium dialysis technique at an initial DA‐8159 concentration of 5 µg/mL. It took approximately 8 h incubation to reach an equilibrium between 4% HSA and an isotonic phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 containing 3% of dextran (‘the buffer’) using a Spectra/Por 2 membrane (mol. wt. cut‐off: 12 000–14 000) in a water bath shaker kept at 37°C and at a rate of 50 oscillations per min. The extent of binding was dependent on DA‐8159 concentrations, HSA concentrations, incubation temperature, buffer pH, and alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AAG) concentrations. The binding of DA‐8159 in heparinized human plasma (93.9%) was significantly higher than in rats (81.4%), rabbits (80.4%), and dogs (82.2%), and this could be due to differences in AAG concentrations in plasma. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene therapy and retinitis pigmentosa: advances and future challenges
Authors: Dejneka Nadine S. , Bennett Jean 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIt may be possible, one day, to use gene therapy to treat diseases whose genetic defects have been discerned. Because many genes responsible for inherited eye disorders within the retina have been identified, diseases of the eye are prime candidates for this form of therapy. The eye also has the advantage of being highly accessible with altered immunological properties, important considerations for easy delivery of virus and avoidance of systemic immune responses. Currently, adenovirus, adeno‐associated virus and lentivirus have been used to successfully transfer genetic material to retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells. By harnessing therapeutic genes to these viruses, researchers have been able to demonstrate rescue in rodent models of retinitis pigmentosa, providing evidence that this form of therapy can be effective in delaying photoreceptor cell death. Future challenges include confirming therapeutic effects in animal models with eyes more anatomically similar to those of humans and demonstrating long‐term rescue with minimal toxicity. BioEssays 23:662–668, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Simultaneous determination of D‐lactic acid and 3‐hydroxybutyric acid in rat plasma using a column‐switching HPLC with fluorescent derivatization with 4‐nitro‐7‐piperazino‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole (NBD‐PZ)
Authors: Fukushima Takeshi , Lee Jen‐Ai , Korenaga Takanori , Ichihara Hideaki , Kato Masaru , Imai Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA highly sensitive method for the determination of D‐lactic acid and 3‐hydroxybutyric acid (3‐HB) in rat plasma was developed using high‐performance liquid chromatography with octadecylsilica (ODS) connected to a chiral column. At first, (D + L)‐lactic acid and 3‐HB in the plasma were derivatized with a fluorescent reagent, 4‐nitro‐7‐piperazino‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole (NBD‐PZ), separated on the ODS column and determined fluorimetrically at 547 nm with 491 nm of excitation wavelength. During the separation step on the ODS, the peak fraction of (D + L)‐lactate derivative was introduced directly to a phenylcarbamoylated β‐cyclodextrin chiral column by changing the flow of the eluent via a six‐port valve. Then, D‐lactate derivative was separated enantiomerically from the L‐lactate derivative, and the enantiomeric ratio was determined from the chromatogram. Intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy values for the determination of D‐lactic acid in 10 µL of rat plasma were 97.8–109.2 and 98.4–109.9%, and those for 3‐HB were 99.8–108.4 and 99.8–103.8%, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision values were within 4.6 and 5.1% for D‐lactic acid, and 2.7 and 2.4% for 3‐HB, respectively. The detection limits for D‐lactic acid and 3‐HB were approximately 2.0 and 0.04 µM, respectively (signal‐to‐noise ratio 3). The proposed method was applied to the plasma of diabetic rats induced by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin, and the significant increases of both D‐lactic acid and 3‐HB concentrations were observed in the diabetic rats as compared to the normal rats. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversed‐phase planar chromatography of some enantiomeric amino acids and oxazolidinones
Authors: Lepri L. , Boddi L. , Bubba M. Del , Cincinelli A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe resolution of two enantiomeric amino acids and four structurally related oxazolidinones was evaluated by reversed‐phase planar chromatography using both home‐made microcrystalline cellulose triacetate (MCTA) layers and mobile phase additivies, such as β‐cyclodextrins (β‐Cy), modified α, β, γ cyclodextrins and bovine serum albumin (BSA), on commercially available RP‐18W/F254 and SilC18–50/UV254 plates. All the enantiomers were partially or baseline resolved by at least one of the chiral phases tested. Densitograms of optical antipodes and their mixtures were measured on MCTA layers developed with hydroalcoholic solvents. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A satisfied clientele seeking more diverse services: Latinos and the courts*
Authors: de la Garza Rodolfo O. , DeSipio Louis 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis article assesses Latino views of the court system, both of their beliefs about the courts and their experiences with the courts. Relying primarily on the Latino over‐sample of the National Center for State Courts (2000) survey of public attitudes toward the courts, we evaluate three aspects of the Latino–judicial relationship. First, we measure whether there are differences between Latino and non‐Latino views of the courts. Second, we assess whether there are differences within the Latino community, particularly differences based on nativity, in Latino attitudes toward the courts. Finally, we assess the implications of Latino views of the courts for US society in general. We are particularly concerned about whether having a greater share of Latinos in the population will create new pressures to reform the judiciary. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Public trust and confidence in legal authorities: What do majority and minority group members want from the law and legal institutions?*
Authors: Tyler Tom R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractDiscussions of public trust and confidence in the police and the courts often assume that the key to public feelings is the public's evaluation of the outcomes that the public receives from these legal authorities. In the case of the courts, discontent is often assumed to be linked to issues of cost and delay—instrumental concerns about the outcomes delivered to the public by the courts. In the case of the police, the inability to effectively control crime is frequently seen as driving public evaluations. This article presents an alternative procedural justice based model that links public trust and confidence to views about the manner in which legal authorities treat the public. Drawing upon psychological research about public evaluations of institutions and authorities it is argued that the key issue that shapes public views is a process based evaluation of the fairness of the procedures that the police and courts use to exercise their authority. Analyses from several studies exploring the basis of public views support this procedural justice based model of public evaluation. In addition, the results provide suggestions about the elements of procedures that are central to public judgments about their fairness. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practical enantioresolution of alcohols with 2‐methoxy‐2‐(1‐naphthyl)propionic acid and determination of their absolute configurations by the 1H NMR anisotropy method
Authors: Taji Hiromi , Kasai Yusuke , Sugio Akinori , Kuwahara Shunsuke , Watanabe Masataka , Harada Nobuyuki , Ichikawa Akio 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe enantioresolution of racemic alcohols as esters of 2‐methoxy‐2‐(1‐naphthyl)propionic acid (MαNP acid 1) and the determination of their absolute configurations on the basis of 1H NMR anisotropy effect are described. The enantiopure MαNP acid (S)‐(+)‐1 was allowed to react with racemic 2‐alkanols and 1‐octyn‐3‐ol, yielding diastereomeric mixtures of esters, which were easily separated by HPLC on silica gel. To determine the absolute configurations of the first‐eluted diastereomeric esters by the 1H NMR anisotropy method, the general scheme was proposed. Separated esters were reduced with LiAlH4 or hydrolyzed with KOH/EtOH to recover enantiopure alcohols. Chirality 14:81–84, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Number, origins, and chemical types of rat pallidostriatal projection neurons
Authors: Kita Hitoshi , Kita Takako 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe dorsal globus pallidus (GP) receives major inputs from the dorsal neostriatum (Str), the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the dorsal thalamus. The GP projects to multiple basal ganglia nuclei. One of the GP projection sites is the Str. The pallidostriatal projection has been considered minor. However, several recent studies have suggested that this projection is heavier than previously thought and that it might play a significant role in controlling the activity of the Str. To reveal more details of this projection, we examined the number of GP neurons that participated in the projection, their origins in the GP and their immunoreactivity for the calcium binding protein parvalbumin (PV), by using a combination of Fluoro‐Gold (FG) retrograde labeling and immunohistochemical methods. Immunostaining for the calcium binding protein calbindin‐28K (CaBP) was used to identify the CaBP‐poor sensorimotor and CaBP‐rich associative Str regions and the corresponding CaBP‐poor middle, CaBP‐rich border, and the caudomedial GP regions. The CaBP‐poor dorsolateral Str region occupies a small portion of the Str, whereas the CaBP‐poor middle GP region occupies a large portion of the GP. The immunostaining for neuron‐specific nuclear protein (NeuN) was used to visualize neurons that were immunonegative for FG or PV. Cell counts revealed that the middle GP region contained a higher density of neurons and also a higher percentage of PV‐positive neurons than the border and caudomedial regions of the GP. These observations suggested that the GP is involved more in sensorimotor function than associative function. Approximately 40% of neurons in the CaBP‐poor middle GP region project to the CaBP‐poor part of the dorsolateral Str. Approximately 30% of the neurons in both the CaBP‐rich border and the caudomedial GP regions project to the CaBP‐rich Str region. More than 40% of the pallidostriatal neurons in CaBP‐poor middle GP region are PV‐positive, whereas most of those in CaBP‐rich GP regions are PV‐negative. It was estimated from the cell count data that most of the PV‐negative neurons in all three regions of the GP project to the Str. The results indicate that the sensorimotor and associative territories of the Str have reciprocal projections between corresponding territories of the GP. The involvement of a large number of GP neurons suggested that the pallidostriatal projection should be taken into account in the analysis of functional roles of the basal ganglia. J. Comp. Neurol. 437:438–448, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.