bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
InBr3‐Catalyzed Alkynylation and Allylation of Acid Chlorides: A Facile Synthesis of Alkynyl and Allyl Ketones.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. S. , Reddy M. Sridhar , Parimala G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Direction of Ring Expansion of 1,2‐Dialkyldiaziridines in the Reactions with Arylketenes.
Authors: Shevtsov Alexander V. , Petukhova Vera Yu. , Strelenko Yurii A. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Fedyanin Ivan V. , Makhova Nina N. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Triazoles. Part 48. Synthesis of Isomeric Amino‐thiazolo‐[1,2,4]triazole, Amino‐[1,2,4]triazolo[1,3]thiazine and ‐[1,3]thiazepine Derivatives.
Authors: Prauda Ibolya , Reiter Jozsef 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 1‐Nonanoyl/octadecanoyl‐4‐substituted Thiosemicarbazides and Substituted 1,2,4‐Triazoles as Biologically Active Compounds.
Authors: Colanceska‐Ragenovic Katica , Dimova Vesna , Kakurinov Vlado , Gabor Dora Molnar 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Reaction in Aqueous DMF: Synthesis of 3‐Alkynyl Substituted Flavones in the Presence of Prolinol.
Authors: Pal Manojit , Subramanian Venkataraman , Parasuraman Karuppasamy , Yeleswarapu Koteswar Rao 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fused Heterocycles. Part 1. Synthesis of Some Anellated 1,2,4‐Triazole Systems from [4‐(1H‐Benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐phthalazin‐1‐yl]hydrazine.
Authors: Wasfy A. A. F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hypervalent Iodine in Synthesis. Part 93. A Facile Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidines by Cyclocondensation of Alkynyl(phenyl)iodonium Salts and 2‐Aminopyrimidine.
Authors: Liu Zhi , Chen Zhen‐Chu , Zheng Qin‐Guo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Cleavage of Heterocyclic Compounds in Organic Synthesis. Part 1. Utilization of Cleavage of the [1]Benzofuro[2,3‐e][1,2,4]triazine Ring for the Synthesis of Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulfur Derivatives of [1,2,4]Triazine.
Authors: Styskala Jakub , Slouka Jan , Wiedermannova Iveta , Bednar Petr 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Route to 1,2,3‐Thiadiazole, 1,3,4‐Thiadiazine, and 1,2,5‐Triazepine Derivatives.
Authors: Zaleska Barbara , Trzewik Bartosz , Grochowski Jacek , Serda Pawel 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Water‐Soluble Near‐Infrared Cyanine Dyes Functionalized with [(Succinimido)oxy]carbonyl Group.
Authors: Strekowski Lucjan , Mason Christian J. , Lee Hyeran , Gupta Rajni , Sowell John , Patonay Gabor 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Micranthin C, a Novel 13(12→11)abeo‐Abietanoid from Isodon lophanthoids var. micranthus.
Authors: Zhao Ai‐Hua , Li Sheng‐Hong , Zhao Qin‐Shi , Lin Zhong‐Wen , Sun Han‐Dong , Lu Yang , Zhang Li‐Li , Zheng Qi‐Tai 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unexpected Bromination Reaction of Isosteviol Methyl Ester with Bromoalkanes.
Authors: Alfonsov Vladimir A. , Andreeva Olga V. , Bakaleynik Galina A. , Beskrovny Dmitry V. , Kataev Vladimir E. , Kovyljaeva Galina I. , Litvinov Igor A. , Militsina Olesya I. , Strobykina Irina Yu. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Sphingolipids from Marine Sponge Iotrochota baculifera.
Authors: Muralidhar Pendyala , Krishna Nallamothu , Kumar Muthyala Muralikrishna , Rao Chaganty Bheemasankara , Rao Desaraju Venkata 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Convergent Total Synthesis of Epolactaene: An Application of the Bridgehead Oxiranyl Anion Strategy.
Authors: Kuramochi Kouji , Nagata Seigo , Itaya Hideyoshi , Matsubara Yasuaki , Sunoki Takashi , Uchiro Hiromi , Takao Ken‐ichi , Kobayashi Susumu 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Convenient Procedure for the Preparation of Levoglucosenone and Its Conversion to Novel Chiral Derivatives
Authors: Trahanovsky Walter S. , Ochaoda Jason M. , Wang Chen , Revell Kevin D. , Arvidson Kirk B. , Wang Yu , Zhao Huiyan , Chung Steven , Chang Synthia 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phase I trial of irinotecan plus temozolomide in adults with recurrent malignant glioma
Authors: Reardon David A. , Quinn Jennifer A. , Rich Jeremy N. , Desjardins Annick , Vredenburgh James , Gururangan Sridharan , Sathornsumetee Sith , Badruddoja Michael , McLendon Roger , Provenzale James , Herndon James E. , Dowell Jeannette M. , Burkart Jill L. , Newton Herbert B. , Friedman Allan H. , Friedman Henry S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT) of irinotecan (CPT‐11), a topoisomerase I inhibitor, when administered with temozolomide among patients with recurrent malignant glioma (MG).METHODSPatients with MG at any recurrence received temozolomide (TMZ) at a dose of 200 mg/m2/day on Days 1–5 plus CPT‐11 administered as a 90‐minute intravenous infusion during Weeks 1, 2, 4, and 5 of each 6‐week cycle. Patients were stratified based on concurrent administration of CYP3A4‐inducing anticonvulsants (enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drugs [EIAEDs]). The CPT‐11 dose was escalated in successive cohorts of patients independently for each stratum.RESULTSCPT‐11, at doses ranging from 40 mg/m2 to 375 mg/m2, was administered with TMZ to 107 patients. Ninety‐one patients (85%) had recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and 16 (15%) had recurrent anaplastic glioma. Sixty‐eight patients (64%) were given EIAEDs. The MTD of CPT‐11 for patients concurrently receiving and not receiving EIAEDs was 325 mg/m2 and 125 mg/m2, respectively. The DLTs were hematologic, gastrointestinal, and hepatic. Fifteen patients (14%) achieved either a radiographic complete (n = 5) or partial (n = 10) response across a wide range of CPT‐11 dose levels. Patients with recurrent GBM who achieved radiographic response had a median time to disease progression of 54.9 weeks.CONCLUSIONSThe current study built on preclinical observations designed to increase the clinical activity of topoisomerase I inhibitors. CPT‐11, administered at full dose levels, was well tolerated in combination with TMZ. Furthermore, durable responses were observed in this recurrent population. Ongoing Phase II studies will evaluate the efficacy of this regimen and its application to other malignancies. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Iterative solution of mixed problems and the stress recovery procedures
Authors: Zienkiewicz O. C. , Xi–Kui Li , Nakazawa S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis note introduces certain stress smoothing procedures and the so called ‘Loubignac‐Cantin’ iteration for restoration of momentum balance in the smoothed stress fields. It is shown that this iteration corresponds precisely to the solution of mixed formulations in which the stresses (or strains) and the displacements are used as primary variables. The procedure has a very wide field of application and promises to add considerable accuracy to f.e.m. results by a small additional expenditure.
Use of modified bisection algorithm for the vibrating beam problem
Authors: Evans D. J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this paper, the implementation of the incomplete Sturm sequence evaluation of Evans et al. 2 is considered for the determination of the eigenvalues of a symmetric quindiagonal matrix A which occurs in vibrating beam problems. The method based on triangularization by elementary stabilized matrices involving the application of the bisection method for quindiagonal matrices is fully described in Sentance and Cliff, 3 and therefore only the changes to the proposed method in order to obtain high efficiency when dealing with several of the lowest or highest eigenvalues of quindiagonal matrices are discussed. The paper concludes with the FORTRAN program and the supporting numerical evidence.
Analysis of cylindrical shells under patch loading
Authors: Lin J. S. , Hourani M. , Gould P. L. , Harmon T. G. , Han K. J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe object of this study is to predict the peak values of the stress resultants and couples in a relatively thick cylindrical shell under a concentrated local loading in order to guide the design of a large‐scale reinforced concrete test specimen. Four finite element programs, SHORE‐III, two versions of RONALD, and ANSYS, were employed here. The SHORE‐III and RONALD analyses considered a complete cantilevered cylinder, while the ANSYS model treated a cylindrical panel free along the curved edge and constrained in various ways along the longitudinal edge. Comprehensive comparative results are provided for the linear elastic loading case, which indicate the magnitude and attenuation of concentrated loading effects on cylindrical shells and panels.
Improved approximate methods for analysising steady heat conduction
Authors: Bert C. W. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAn improved version of the Rayleigh techinique used by Rayleigh and Schmidt for solid mechanics problems is extended to one‐ and two‐dimensional problems of steady heat conduction. Here the technique is applied to the heat‐balance integral (HBI) method, the variational method and the square‐error method. To determine the most appropriate value of the non‐integer exponent, either one of two different criteria is used: the variational or the square‐error integral. Thus, four new methods are considered. A comparison with a closed‐form solution is made for a one‐dimensional fin. It is demonstrated that the error for a one‐term trial function is much less for an improved HBI method with the variational integral criterion. Thus, additional terms should not be needed in most instances. Excellent results are also achieved by using one of the new methods in a two‐dimensional problem with internal heat generation.
A fourth‐order extrapolation method for special nonlinear fourth‐order boundary value problems
Authors: Twizell E. H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA fourth‐order convergent finite difference method is developed for the numerical solution of the nonlinear fourth‐order boundary value problem y(iv)(x) = f(x,y), a < x < b, y(a) = Ao,y″(a) = Bo, y(b) = A1, y″(b) = B1. The method is based on a second‐order converget method which is used on two grids, fourth‐order convergence being obtained by considering a linear combination of the individual results relating to the two grids. Special formulae are developed for application to grid points adjacent to the boundaries x = a and x = b, the principal parts of the local truncation errors of these formulae being the same as that of the second‐order method used at other points of each grid. Modifications of these special formulae are noted for problems with boundary conditions of the form y(a) = Ao, y′(a) = Co, y(b) = C1. The general boundary value problem, for which the differential equation is y(iv)(x) = f(x,y,y′,y″,y″′), is also considered.
One‐, two‐ and three‐grid extrapolation methods for a class of singular two‐point boundary value problems
Authors: Twizell E. H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA two‐step finite difference method, which is 0(h) convergent, h being the step size of a uniform mesh, is developed for the solution of the singular two‐point boundary value problem (xαy′)′ = f(x,y), y(0) = A, y(1) = B, where α is a parameter with 0 < α < 1. The method is derived from a three‐point recurrence relation and is seen to reduce to the classical second‐order method when α = 0. Employing a second grid of step size 1/2h and combining results for both grids is seen to give 0(h3) convergence; introducing a third grid of step size 1/3h and combining results for all three grids in seen to give a method with 0(h5) convergence. The three methods are tested on two numerical examples from the literature.
Buckling analysis on a microcomputer of reinforced concrete beams subjected to axial loads and biaxial bending
Authors: Majorana C. E. , Vitaliani R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA general method for the investigation of buckling of reinforced concrete beams subjected to axial loads and bending moments is presented. The beams are subdivided into finite segments or line elements. The geometrical and mechanical properties of the cross‐sections are described by means of the finite element method. The constitutive relationships of the materials employed may be of any type, as well as the location of the steel reinforcements. A computer program has been written and implemented on a microcomputer for practical use. Several examples show the capability of the presented approach.
Nonlinear beam element for r/c structures
Authors: Pöttler R. , Swoboda G. A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA simple 2‐node beam element with 6 degrees‐of‐freedom has been developed for solving static problems of r/c beams efficiently and fast.1 This integrated beam element considers, in the element stiffness matrix, the nonlinearity of the concrete and reinforcement. Cracks are ‘smeared out’ in a continous fashion along the element length, so that cracking does not cause geometrical changes of the system. Tension stiffening is implemented by modifying the stress–strain curve either of concrete or of steel.
Solution of some nonlinear one‐dimensional consolidation problems
Authors: Thomas H. R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe analysis of nonlinear one‐dimensional consolidation of clay is considered. An algorithm is presented which allows nonlinear clay parameters to be accommodated in the prediction of both the magnitude and the rate of consolidation. The method is based on the finite element solution of Biot's coupled consolidation problem, together with a finite difference timestepping algorithm. The whole approach is successfully implemented on a low‐cost microcomputer, namely the Acorn Computers Model B, B.B.C. The results achieved are validated by comparison with a more restrictive formulation. An investigation of the assumptions embodied in the simpler formulation reveal that when a constant coefficient of consolidation is employed, while still allowing nonlinear variations of the clay's parameters, the predicted rate of settlement is always the same. It is independent of the nonlinear nature of the problem. The removal of this assumption, however, in the more general formulation presented here, yields a rate of settlement which depends on the nonlinear nature of the clay parameters.
Lifting symmetric supercritical airfoils for wing design of combat aircraft
Authors: Nandanan M. , Ramaswamy M. A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper deals with the use of lifting symmetric supercritical airfoils in the wing design of a combat aircraft. For transonic combat aircraft requiring supersonic acceleration, the usual supercritical airfoil which invariably has camber is not suitable because of the supersonic wave drag penalty arising from the camber. Therefore, lifting symmetric supercritical airfoils which overcome this disadvantage were developed by the authors, and their beneficial effects in the two‐dimensional case were demonstrated earlier. The objective of this paper is to illustrate that, even when an unsophisticated approach is used for adopting such a lifting symmetric supercritical airfoil to the wing of a particular combat aircraft configuration, the theoretical analysis indicates some benefits. It is therefore felt that the use of lifting symmetric supercritical airfoils in the design of wings of combat aircraft using more sophisticated design techniques may be worth considering.
A decoupling procedure for the modal analysis of structures in contact with incompressible fluids
Authors: Antoniadis I. , Kanarachos A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA decoupling procedure is described for the modal analysis of structures in contact with incompressible fluids. According to this procedure, the problem can be decoupled in two main subproblems, each defined only on the structure or the fluid domain. First, a set of basis vectors for the structural displacements—and the corresponding ‘mass’ and ‘stiffness’ terms—must be computed. Then a set of potential (Laplacian) problems for the fluid must be solved, using the structural basis vectors in the place of the structural displacements at the normal pressure derivative (Neumann) boundary conditions on the fluid–structure interface. If the ‘in vacuum’ structural eigenmodes are used as basis vectors, some important computational and physical advantages result. Numerical examples verify the efficiency of the approach.
Toward expert systems in finite element analysis
Authors: Carey Graham F. , Patton Peter C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe evolution of finite element programs and program systems for engineering analysis and the more recent pioneering development of expert systems are briefly described.The literature is very extensive and only a small representative sample is indicated in this paper.
From these we proceed to develop some general principles and guidelines using expert systems with finite element techniques and novel computer architectures.
On nonlinear temperature‐dependence of thermal strain
Authors: Mulligan Gale P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFinite element calculation and the nonlinear temperature‐dependence of thermal strain are reviewed using basic principles. An approach for thermal strain calculation based on an instantaneous coefficient of thermal expansion, material description, is presented for incremental finite element analysis. The approach is then related to the current calculation method which uses a reference‐dependent mean expansion coefficient. Implications of the alternative approaches are discussed, and the principles are applied to actual expansion data for an epoxy. The paper is written to aid finite element analysts and code developers on thermal strain calculation.
Singularities at angular points in elastic contact problems
Authors: Fabrikant V. I. , Sankar T. S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA new procedure is suggested for numerical treatment of elastic contact problems for non‐classical domains. The numerical procedure is based on formulae derived for an accurate computer evaluation of singular integrals. These formulae define the value of the singular integral in the neighbourhood of the singularities, while the regular part of the integral can be evaluated by any standard subroutine. The method allows practically exact solution of elastic contact problems for punches of various plan forms like, for example, rectangle, rhombus, triangle, oval, etc. The nature of the stress singularity at the boundary of the domain of contact is clarified. Numerical results presented for a rectangle indicate that the assumption of a square root singularity is wrong, and that the power of the singularity is not constant along a rectangle edge.
Mesh‐refined computation of disordered vortex flow around a cranked delta wing: Transonic speed
Authors: Rizzi Arthur , Purcell Charles J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA numerical method that produces a high‐resolution simulation by solving the Euler equations for compressible flow with mesh refinement is used to explore how a crank in the leading edge of a delta wing may excite short‐wave instabilities in the vortex sheet shed from the leading edge. The particular case simulated is transonic flow at M∞ = 0.9 α = 10 deg. around a twisted cranked‐and‐cropped TKF delta wing of MBB. Made possible by the recent increase in size of computer memory, the study consists of a grid‐refinement sequence that starts with a standard‐mesh discretization of 80,000 cells and ends with a fine mesh of over 600,000 cells. Instead of it spiralling into a second vortex at the crank, the usual event in low‐speed flow, the crank sets off standing‐wave oscillations over much of the sheet. Not seen in the standard‐mesh solution, the instability begins to appear in the fine‐mesh results. Therefore, it is the shortest waves resolved that are most unstable, but the energy contained in them comes from the large‐scale motion and seems to be small.
Periodic structure beyond a hope bifurcation
Authors: Mitchell A. R. , Stein G. , Maritz M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA Hopf bifurcation where a stable fixed pointer bifurcates into a stable periodic orbit as a parameter passes through a critical value, occurs frequently in nonlinear problems. Here, the Maynard Smith nonlinear map in population dynamics involving a parameter k is analysed with the help of numerical experiments in order to determine the periodic structure of the map beyond the primary Hopf bifurcation of period 6 which occurs at k = 1. The interesting result obtained is that in the parameter range from k = 1 to the value for blow‐up of all initial conditions, there are successive windows of periods 7, 8 and 9, the last containing a secondary Hopf bifurcation of period 4.
Application of spline finite strip analysis to variable depth bridges
Authors: Uko C. E. A. , Cusens A. R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA spline finite strip method capable of analysing variable thickness solid slab bridges is presented. It utilizes cubic B‐splines as displacement functions in the longitudinal direction, with third‐order polynomials as transverse displacement functions. Numerical integration is used to take account of variable thickness in the longitudinal direction of a strip. A numerical example based on a two‐span bridge deck is given.
A finite element model for tides and currents with field applications
Authors: Walters Roy A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA finite element model, based upon the shallow water equations, is used to calculate tidal amplitudes and currents for two field‐scale test problems. Because tides are characterized by line spectra, the governing equations are subjected to harmonic decomposition. Thus the solution variables are the real and imaginary parts of the amplitude of sea level and velocity rather than a time series of these variables. The time series is recovered through synthesis. This scheme, coupled with a modified form of the governing equations, leads to high computational efficiency and freedom from excessive numerical noise. Two test‐cases are presented. The first is a solution for eleven tidal constituents in the English Channel and southern North Sea, and three constituents are discussed. The second is an analysis of the frequency response and tidal harmonics for south San Francisco Bay.
Iterative algorithms and software for solving large sparse linear systems
Authors: Young David M. , Mai Tsun‐Zee 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe paper is concerned with iterative algorithms for solving systems of linear algebraic equations where the coefficient matrix is large and sparse. Such systems often arise in the numerical solution of partial differential equations by finite difference or finite element methods. The algorithms considered include a basic iterative method, an acceleration procedure for speeding up the convergence of the basic iterative method and an adaptive procedure for determining any necessary iteration parameters. Algorithms are described both for the case where the coefficient matrix is symmetric and positive definite and for the nonsymmetrizable case. The ITPACK Project was established by the Center for Numerical Analysis at The University of Texas in 1974. The object of ITPACK was the study of iterative algorithms, using both theoretical and experimental methods. Several software packages are described which have been developed as part of the ITPACK project for carrying out experimental studies with a variety of algorithms over a wide range of problems. Recent work on the use of advanced computer architectures is briefly discussed.