bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression Signatures of Obese High and Low Responders to Endurance Exercise Training
Authors: Kovac Leona , Goj Thomas , Ouni Meriem , Irmler Martin , Jähnert Markus , Beckers Johannes , Hrabé De Angelis Martin , Peter Andreas , Moller Anja , Birkenfeld Andreas L , Weigert Cora , Schürmann Annette 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Context
Exercise training is known to improve glucose tolerance and reverse insulin resistance in people with obesity. However, some individuals fail to improve or even decline in their clinical traits following exercise intervention.

Objective
This study focused on gene expression and DNA methylation signatures in skeletal muscle of low (LRE) and high responders (RES) to 8 weeks of supervised endurance training.

Methods
We performed skeletal muscle gene expression and DNA methylation analyses in LRE and RES before and after exercise intervention. Additionally, we applied the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) approach to identify predictive marker genes of exercise outcome.

Results
We show that the two groups differ markedly already before the intervention. RES were characterized by lower expression of genes involved in DNA replication and repair, and higher expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The LASSO approach identified several novel candidates (eg, ZCWPW2, FOXRED1, STK40) that have not been previously described in the context of obesity and exercise response. Following the intervention, LRE reacted with expression changes of genes related to inflammation and apoptosis, RES with genes related to mitochondrial function. LRE exhibited significantly higher expression of ECM components compared to RES, suggesting improper remodeling and potential negative effects on insulin sensitivity. Between 45% and 70% of differences in gene expression could be linked to differences in DNA methylation.

Conclusion
Together, our data offer an insight into molecular mechanisms underlying differences in response to exercise and provide potential novel markers for the success of intervention.
Journey through the history of Journal of Experimental Biology: a timeline
Authors: Knight Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
In the cut-throat industry of academic publishing, some journals barely survive a decade, let alone a century, but in October 2023, Journal of Experimental Biology is celebrating 100 years at the forefront of comparative physiology, neuroethology and biomechanics. In this Commentary article and the accompanying poster, I explore the journal's history from its inception, through the guidance of nine Editors-in-Chief, to achieving its aims of championing the comparative approach, disseminating and promoting high-quality research and supporting our community of researchers. I discuss technological developments in publishing and classic articles that have cemented the journal in its position at the forefront of comparative physiology.
Impact of doping profiles on the formation of laser-active centers in bismuth-doped GeO2–SiO2 glass fibers
Authors: Alyshev Sergey , Vakhrushev Alexander , Khegai Aleksandr , Firstova Elena , Riumkin Konstantin , Melkumov Mikhail , Iskhakova Lyudmila , Umnikov Andrey , Firstov Sergei 
Published: November 2023

Multi-wavelength-band transmission technology based on the exploitation of the extended spectral region is considered as a potential approach to increase the transmission capacity in the deployed fiber-optic communication infrastructure. The development of optical amplifiers operating in the O-, E-, S-, and U-telecom bands is an extremely important challenge for the successful implementation of this technology. Bismuth-doped fibers are of increasing interest as gain materials, which can be used to provide broadband amplification in the mentioned telecom bands. This is due to the ability of Bi ions incorporated into glass network to form bismuth active centers (BACs) with specific optical properties, which are primarily determined by the glass modifiers. In this work, the impact of the doping profiles of both Ge atoms as glass modifiers and Bi ions on the BACs formation is studied using a series of bismuth-doped fibers fabricated by the modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) technique. The Bi-to-BACs conversion efficiency in various spatial regions of the studied samples is presented. It is turned out that for high-Bi concentration regions, the conversion efficiency is very low (less than 10%). In addition, the relationship of the conversion efficiency to the distribution of Bi ions and/or Ge atoms is discussed. Finally, a continuous-wave laser at 1.46 μm with a record slope efficiency of 80% is demonstrated using a Bi-doped fiber with confined doping profile, where the Bi-to-BACs conversion efficiency is 35%. This paper provides new information which might help to facilitate understanding of the features of Bi-doped fibers and their potentially achievable characteristics.
Refractive index sensing based on a twisted nano-kirigami metasurface
Authors: Qiao Shuqi , Zhang Xiaochen , Liang Qinghua , Wang Yang , Ji Chang-Yin , Li Xiaowei , Jiang Lan , Feng Shuai , Guo Honglian , Li Jiafang 
Published: November 2023

Plasmonic sensing technology has attracted considerable attention for high sensitivity due to the ability to effectively localize and manipulate light. In this study, we demonstrate a refractive index (RI) sensing scheme based on open-loop twisted meta-molecule arrays using the versatile nano-kirigami principle. RI sensing has the features of a small footprint, flexible control, and simple preparation. By engineering the morphology of meta-molecules or the RI of the ambient medium, the chiral surface lattice resonances can be significantly enhanced, and the wavelength, intensity, and sign of circular dichroism (CD) can be flexibly tailored. Utilizing the relation between the wavelength of the CD peak and the RI of the superstrate, the RI sensor achieves a sensitivity of 1133 nm/RIU. Additionally, we analyze these chiroptical responses by performing electromagnetic multipolar decomposition and electric field distributions. Our study may serve as an ideal platform for applications of RI measurement and provide new insights into the manipulation of chiral light–matter interactions.
Skin-lightening products and Jordanian women: Beliefs and practice. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ayyash Manal , Jaber Kamel , Nassar Razan I. , Fino Leen , Mango Lana , Abuodeh Alaa 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe use of skin-lightening products (SLPs) among Jordanian women has immensely increased and healthcare professionals have a vital role in raising public awareness of SLPs. The aim of this study is to identify SLPs practices among Jordanian women and their basic knowledge of the agents and the side effects associated with using these products.MethodsA cross-sectional study conducted during October to December of 2022. Jordanian women above 18 years of age were invited to participate via a survey link. Descriptive statistics were used, and logistic regression was applied to screen for variables affecting the knowledge score of the participants.ResultsThe mean age of the study participants (n = 384) was 32.04 (SD = 12.678). Results demonstrated that more than half of the participants (n = 193) reported current or past use of SLPs. Additionally, less than one-fifth (18.2%) of the participants (n = 70) reported previously experiencing some side-effects after using SLPs. About 90% of participants thought that these side-effects were caused by the active ingredients in SLPs. Most of the participants were able to identify some of the active ingredients used in SLPs such as Vitamin C (87.8%) and Hydroquinone (62.0%). It was also found that young participants, and those employed, or university students had higher knowledge scores of SLPs’ active ingredients, and of their side-effects.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that Jordanian women are adequately informed about skin-lightening products. Moreover, the practices revealed an educated pattern of action when obtaining information regarding SLPs. Fundamentally, healthcare providers should be influential in educating consumers on the proper use. Strict guidelines and policies should target the practices concerned with these products.
Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on new bone formation and viability of a Marburg bone graft
Authors: Saginova Dina , Tashmetov Elyarbek , Tuleubaev Berik , Kamyshanskiy Yevgeniy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to compare the new bone formation, the process of remodeling, and the viability of bone grafts, using a combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and Marburg bone graft versus bone grafts without any additional elements. For this study, 48 rabbits (with 24 rabbits in each group) were used. Bone defects were made in the femur, and the bone graft used was the human femoral head prepared according to the Marburg Bone Bank. Rabbits were divided into the following groups: heat-treated bone graft (HTBG group) and HTBG with PRP (HTBG + PRP group). After 14, 30, and 60 days post-surgery, the assessment of the results involved X-ray, histopathological, and histomorphometric analyses. The greater new bone formation was detected in the HTBG + PRP group on the 14 and 30 day (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the group using bone grafts with PRP demonstrated notably enhanced remodeling, characterized by stronger bone integration, more significant graft remineralization, and a circular pattern of newly formed bone. The PRP–bone graft complex improves bone tissue repair in the bone defect in the initial stages of bone regeneration. PRP has been identified to enhance the remodeling process and amplify the osteoconductive and osteoinductive capabilities of HTBGs.
Toward the total semiotic fact
Authors: Pennycook Alastair 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the quest for an account of the total linguistic or semiotic fact. Speech act theory, sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology, and social semiotics have all attempted, in various ways and at various times, to find a way to describe as much as possible what is going on around any speech event. While this search for the total linguistic fact will always be a chimerical goal, this paper draws on the inspirational work of Jan Blommaert to suggest a framework for moving in this direction. The acronym SEMIOSIS points to the complexity of what is at play, comprising social relations, emotional and affective domains, multilingual practices, iterative activity, objects and assemblages, spatial repertoires, interactivity, and sensory relations. Looking at data from a small Bangladeshi-run store in Tokyo, the paper shows how bringing in this wider set of concerns allows a more comprehensive account of semiotic moments.
Introducing the Prague School: efforts of Chinese linguists in the past half-century
Authors: Qu Changliang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Prague School of Linguistics is one of the most important groups in the history of twentieth-century structuralism. Ever since Qixiang Cen wrote on it at the end of the 1950s in his book on the history of linguistics, it has continued to attract the interest of Chinese linguists. This essay explores the half-century in which the Prague School was introduced and studied in China and aims to identify the features of the three stages of these linguists’ efforts.
The Interpretation Matter in Smart (Legal) Contracts: Possible Answers from a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Petrosino Francesco 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The present article is grounded in the following inquiry: are the rules concerning contractual interpretation provided by codified regulations or developed by jurisprudence for private law contracts also applicable to smart legal contracts? This question will be addressed through the utilization of a comparative research methodology, taking into account the trends embraced by scholars as well as by courts in both common law and civil law systems. In conclusion, and based on these methodological premises, various solutions present themselves to the interpreter, including the non-complete exclusion of the non-complete exclusion of the interpretative model based on the so-called contextualist theory. A similar theoretical approach would allow for an efficient synthesis between the more ambiguous legal expressions and the use of technological language.
Exploring Judicial Interpretation: Comparative Law Methodology and the Hybridisation Paradigm
Authors: Bergomi Caterina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) interprets directives and regulations, forming what will be called a hybrid space where national legal systems and supranational elements converge, particularly when asserting the autonomy of a notion. Comparative law has supported legal norm harmonisation but has also revealed the diversity within legal systems, including the EU’s, through the study of legal formants. The goal of this contribution is to show how a comparative approach, incorporating the concept of hybridity from other disciplines, can aid in analysing autonomous interpretation and the influence of hybridisation on legal concepts and terminology.
Private Property and the Commons: The Case Study of Water Distribution in Persian Qanats
Authors: Hejazi Sara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although the geographical area historically known as “Persia” has never been properly a “fertile land”, water shortage did not represent a problem for the diverse and multiple populations that inhabited the Iranian Plateau throughout millennia. The ancient Persian civilization could flourish thanks to sophisticated water knowledge and water management strategies that allowed it to become the dominating culture of the vast Persian Empire, which by the year 500 BC, extended from the borders of India to the western coasts of Minor Asia and the Caucasus. Even after the fall of the empire, the successive populations could live in arid areas thanks to an ancient system of water provision and management called “Qanat”. Qanats not only provided water from an underneath water spring to desert lands and remote areas of the region; they also reflected a specific “water cultural system” based on sharing and managing water as a common good. The paper will discuss how water shortage in present day Iran is, on the one hand, related to a progressive abandonment of the Qanats system, substituted by the use of modern irrigation systems, the privatization of water and the progressive abandonment of the common. On the other hand, this abandonment is related with dramatic cultural change and weakening of community identity, impacting the sustainability of human life in the Iranian Plateau’s arid areas.
Sunflower hybrids productivity depending on the rates of mineral fertilizers in the south of Ukraine
Authors: Sydiakina Olena , Ivaniv Mykola 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Areas of sunflower cultivation in Ukraine, Europe, and the world have significantly increased over the past decade, along with an increase in crop yield, largely due to the development of new varieties and hybrids resistant to various abiotic stresses and extreme environmental conditions. The mineral nutrition background is also an important element of sunflower cultivation technology. The influence of mineral fertilizer rates on the productivity of new early-maturing and medium-early sunflower hybrids was the focus of research conducted during 2020–2021 on dark chestnut soils in the southern region of Ukraine. The results of the study showed that optimization of the mineral nutrition background contributed to increased plant height and leaf area. Both indicators were maximized for the cultivation of Alambra KS and Blyutuz hybrids with the application of fertilizers at the rate of N90P60. These experimental variants also ensured the formation of the maximum level of seed yield (3.05 t/ha for Alambra KS hybrid; 3.39 t/ha for Blyutuz hybrid) and the highest indicators of profitability per 1 kg of active substance of fertilizers (0.35 tons for Alambra KS hybrid; 0.45 tons for Blyutuz hybrid). The mineral nutrition background had little effect on the oil content in sunflower seeds. With an increase in the nitrogen fertilizer rate on the phosphorus background, the oil content in the seeds slightly decreased. However, the experimental variants differed in terms of conditional oil output per hectare of sunflower cultivation. Among early-maturing hybrids, the Alambra KS hybrid showed a higher value for this indicator, while among medium-early hybrids, it was the Blyutuz hybrid. The most effective rate of mineral fertilizers in terms of oil output was determined to be N90P60. Based on the results of the study on dark chestnut soils in the southern region of Ukraine, it is recommended to cultivate the Alambra KS hybrid among early-maturing sunflower hybrids and the Blyutuz hybrid among medium-early hybrids, with the application of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N90P60.
Theoretical Considerations on AI-based Business Models for Lexicography
Authors: Køhler Simonsen Henrik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
AI-generated text production is on the rise Zandan (2020), and AI writers seem to be playing an increasingly important role in marketing, L2 text production, lexicography and language teaching, cf. Simonsen (2020b; 2021a; 2022a; 2022b; Sharples/Pérez Y Pérez 2022; ChatGPT 2023; RYTR 2023; Writewithlaika 2023). In addition to that large national language datasets are being developed in many countries, cf. for example Kirchmeier et al. (2020), and these national word registers are expected to become an important backbone in AI-based lexicographic services. On this background, there seems to be a need for AI-based business models for lexicography. This article draws on a literature review focussing on business models and business-related considerations of relevance for lexicography. The insights from the literature review led to the development of a number of theoretical considerations on AI-based business models for lexicography. The article suggests three AI-based business models for different types of lexicography and demonstrates how these business models could be implemented in three concrete projects.
Bringing it all home: using local resources in teachers’ professional development
Authors: Langan Elise , Lawrence Salika A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Teachers need opportunities to explore the communities in which they teach to understand how the local contexts can be used to enhance the curriculum. Professional development that focuses on ways to integrate local primary sources into the social studies curriculum can help teachers plan authentic lessons for students to learn about their community. This qualitative study examined how nine social studies teachers who participated in a professional development program on place-based education made linkages between local and global events in their unit planning. Semi-structured interviews, field notes, and lesson plans were analyzed to learn how a professional development program impacted teachers’ practice. Findings indicate that most teachers were able to design and implement units that either explicitly or implicitly connected global events to local experiences. Results suggest that instructional shifts are required to help teachers design inquiry-based instruction to understand how to use local primary sources to open up spaces for students to ask questions about their communities.
An overview of hydrogen production from Al-based materials
Authors: Sun Liang , Ji Xiongshuai , Zhou Yong , Li Hang , Zhai Wenyan , Chen Biqiang , Dong Hui , Liu Yanmin , Wang Tengwei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A profound overview of the recent development for on-time, on-demand hydrogen production from light metal-based hydrolysis is presented. Hydrogen energy is one of the clean and renewable energy sources which has been recognized as an alternative to fossil fuels. In addition, aluminum is the most suitable light activity metal for hydrolysis materials attributed to its safety, environmental friendliness, high-energy density, inexpensive, and low density with high strength ratio. In general, dense oxide films formed act as a barrier on aluminum surfaces. Accordingly, effective removal of the oxide film is a key measure in solving the Al–water reaction. In this review, recent advances in addressing the main drawbacks including high-purity aluminum with acid–alkali solutions, nano-powders of aluminum or composite with acid–base solutions, ball-milled nano-powders, alloying blocks, and gas atomization powders are summarized. The characteristics of these three technologies and the current research progress are summarized in depth. Moreover, it is essential to promote low-cost aluminum-based materials based on effective hydrogen production efficiency and explore ways for practical large-scale applications.
Net Neutrality and Online Innovation: An Empirical Study of the UK
Authors: Nurski Laura 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How does a fast lane on the internet affect the entry of online content providers? To answer this question, I provide empirical evidence that connection speed greatly influences consumption of online video and that changes in speed therefore directly impact the entry of video content providers. I also present a framework to think about the incentives of broadband providers to offer a fast lane with access fees which has direct profits effects as well as indirect demand effects. Finally, by combining the empirical model with the theoretical framework in a counterfactual analysis, I show that a fast lane with access fees only increases entry for content providers with high fixed costs of content provision. Using a novel data set on household consumption of online content and broadband penetration in local markets to estimate a structural model of industry demand and supply, this paper is the first to provide empirical evidence on the industry-wide effects of breaking net neutrality.
Population age structure – An underlying driver of national, regional and urban economic development
Authors: Malmberg Anders , Malmberg Bo , Maskell Peter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper argues that population age structure plays a significant role alongside institutional, technological, political, and cultural factors when it comes to explaining shifts in urban, regional and national economic development. The paper demonstrates how demographic transitions lead to changes in population age structure which in turn correlate with global shifts in economic development from 1950 onwards. It then analyzes the role of population age structure at the sub-national level by reviewing some prominent cases of regional and urban shifts in Western Europe and North America. Population size, population density and migration have always been an integrated part of economic geography, and the consequences of ageing in national and regional economies are increasingly being studied. The specific role of population age structure as a driver of economic development has, however, so far largely been ignored in the field.