bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole genome analysis of a wine yeast strain
Authors: Hauser Nicole C. , Fellenberg Kurt , Gil Rosario , Bastuck Sonja , Hoheisel Jörg D. , Pérez‐Ortín José E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae strains frequently exhibit rather specific phenotypic features needed for adaptation to a special environment. Wine yeast strains are able to ferment musts, for example, while other industrial or laboratory strains fail to do so. The genetic differences that characterize wine yeast strains are poorly understood, however. As a first search of genetic differences between wine and laboratory strains, we performed DNA‐array analyses on the typical wine yeast strain T73 and the standard laboratory background in S288c. Our analysis shows that even under normal conditions, logarithmic growth in YPD medium, the two strains have expression patterns that differ significantly in more than 40 genes. Subsequent studies indicated that these differences correlate with small changes in promoter regions or variations in gene copy number. Blotting copy numbers vs. transcript levels produced patterns, which were specific for the individual strains and could be used for a characterization of unknown samples. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic steps to organ laterality in zebrafish
Authors: Chen Jau‐Nian , van Bebber Frauke , Goldstein Allan M. , Serluca Fabrizio C. , Jackson Donald , Childs Sarah , Serbedzija George , Warren Kerri S. , Mably John D. , Lindahl Per , Mayer Alan , Haffter Pascal , Fishman Mark C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAll internal organs are asymmetric along the left–right axis. Here we report a genetic screen to discover mutations which perturb organ laterality. Our particular focus is upon whether, and how, organs are linked to each other as they achieve their laterally asymmetric positions. We generated mutations by ENU mutagenesis and examined F3 progeny using a cocktail of probes that reveal early primordia of heart, gut, liver and pancreas. From the 750 genomes examined, we isolated seven recessive mutations which affect the earliest left–right positioning of one or all of the organs. None of these mutations caused discernable defects elsewhere in the embryo at the stages examined. This is in contrast to those mutations we reported previously (Chen et al., ) which, along with left–right abnormalities, cause marked perturbation in gastrulation, body form or midline structures. We find that the mutations can be classified on the basis of whether they perturb relationships among organ laterality. In Class 1 mutations, none of the organs manifest any left–right asymmetry. The heart does not jog to the left and normally left‐predominant BMP4 in the early heart tube remains symmetric. The gut tends to remain midline. There frequently is a remarkable bilateral duplication of liver and pancreas. Embryos with Class 2 mutations have organotypic asymmetry but, in any given embryo, organ positions can be normal, reversed or randomized. Class 3 reveals a hitherto unsuspected gene that selectively affects laterality of heart. We find that visceral organ positions are predicted by the direction of the preceding cardiac jog. We interpret this as suggesting that normally there is linkage between cardiac and visceral organ laterality. Class 1 mutations, we suggest, effectively remove the global laterality signals, with the consequence that organ positions are effectively symmetrical. Embryos with Class 2 mutations do manifest linkage among organs, but it may be reversed, suggesting that the global signals may be present but incorrectly orientated in some of the embryos. That laterality decisions of organs may be independently perturbed, as in the Class 3 mutation, indicates that there are distinctive pathways for reception and organotypic interpretation of the global signals. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterogeneous asymmetric reactions. Part 24. Heterogeneous catalytic enantioselective hydrogenation of the C=N group over cinchona alkaloid modified palladium catalyst
Authors: Szöllösi György , Kun István , Bartók Mihály 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe enantioselective hydrogenation of C=N−C group containing compounds over modified metal catalysts is as yet an uninvestigated research area. This work contains results obtained on the hydrogenation of 1‐pyrroline‐2‐carboxylate esters and sodium salt over cinchona alkaloid‐modified alumina‐supported Pd catalyst. The effect of the reaction parameters and the structure of the alkaloid molecule on hydrogenation rate and enantioselectivity allowed us to assume that on the catalyst surface only a weak interaction exists between the modifier and the substrate, resulting in the low enantiomeric excesses (up to 20%) obtainable in these reactions. Chirality 13:619–624, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of molecular chiral asymmetry through stirred crystallization
Authors: Durand Daniel J. , Kondepudi Dilip K. , Moreira Jr. Paulo F. , Quina Frank H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn our earlier work we established that stirred crystallization of achiral compounds that crystallize in enantiomeric forms result in spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking. The asymmetry thus spontaneously generated is confined to the solid state. In this article, we present a case in which the crystal enantiomeric excess (CEE) can be converted to molecular enantiomeric excess (EE) through a solid state reaction which relates the enantiomeric form of the crystal to the enantiomeric form of the product. Such a process not only provides a means of detecting the CEE generated in stirred crystallization but it is also a means through which chiral asymmetry generated spontaneously is “propagated” to generate chiral compounds with enantiomeric excess. Chirality 14:284–287, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Column selection and method development for the determination of the enantiomeric purity of investigational non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Authors: Aubry Anne‐Françoise , Sebastian Dolores S. , Williams Reed C. , Boucher Robert J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDPC 961 and DPC 083 are investigational non‐nucleoside reversed transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) being evaluated for the treatment of HIV infections (Corbett et al., Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43:2893–2897). Both compounds are chiral and are synthesized as single enantiomers by an asymmetric synthetic pathway (Magnus et al., Tetrahedron Lett 2000;41:3015–3019). A chiral method was developed to control the enantiomeric purity of the drug substance and to monitor for any chiral inversion in the drug substance and in the tablet formulation during stability studies. Three columns were evaluated: Chiralpak AD, Chirobiotic V, and Whelk‐O. All three columns have broad applicability and can resolve enantiomers of compounds of very diverse molecular structure and polarity. The three columns were evaluated with various mobile phase compositions for their ability to resolve the racemic mixtures of DPC 083, DPC 961, and their respective enantiomers and for their selectivity toward the synthetic impurities of the two drug substances. Nonaqueous mobile phases were selected because the two drugs are poorly water soluble. The separation between the unwanted enantiomer of DPC 083 and DPC 961, which is a major impurity of DPC 083, in particular, was closely monitored. The final method was fully validated and is used for the routine testing of the drug substance and tablets. Chirality 13:193–198, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanism of localization of βII‐tubulin in the nuclei of cultured rat kidney mesangial cells
Authors: Walss‐Bass Consuelo , Kreisberg Jeffrey I. , Ludueña Richard F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTubulin is an αβ heterodimer. Both the α and β polypeptides exist as multiple isotypes. Although tubulin was generally thought to exist only in the cytoplasm, we have previously reported the presence of the βII isotype of tubulin in the nuclei of cultured rat kidney mesangial cells, smooth‐muscle‐like cells that reside in the glomerular mesangium; nuclear βII exists as an αβII dimer, capable of binding to colchicine, but in non‐microtubule form [Walss et al., 1999: Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 42:274‐284]. We have now investigated the nature of the process by which αβII enters the nuclei of these cells. By micro‐injecting fluorescently labeled αβII into mesangial cells, we found that αβII was present in the nuclei of cells only if they were allowed to go through mitosis. In contrast, there were no circumstances in which microinjected fluorescently labeled aβII or αβIV dimers entered the nuclei. These findings, together with the absence of any nuclear localization signal in αβII, strongly favor the model that αβII, rather than being transported into the intact nucleus, co‐assembles with the nucleus at the end of mitosis. Our results also indicate that the nuclear localization mechanism is specific for αβII. This result raises the possibility that αβII may have a specific function that requires its presence in the nuclei of cultured rat kidney mesangial cells. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 49:208–217, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A pulsed and continuous wave 250 MHz electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer
Authors: Quine Richard W. , Rinard George A. , Eaton Sandra S. , Eaton Gareth R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA 250 MHz electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer was constructed to be an engineering test facility for in vivo EPR imaging of physiological samples and for protein structure determination. Innovations relative to prior low‐frequency EPR spectrometers include a four‐coil, air‐core magnet and gradient coils, a crossed‐loop resonator, dynamic Q‐switching to decrease dead time in pulsed EPR, and a narrow‐band bridge based on circulators. The automatic frequency control system uses a signal separate from the EPR signal to make the frequency control independent of the radiofrequency (RF) phase. The design incorporates multiple excitation and signal paths to facilitate testing of a variety of resonators, two magnets, and both a locally built console described here and a Bruker console. Plug‐in cards in the bridge facilitate using reflection or crossed‐loop resonators in continuous wave or pulsed EPR modes. In the locally built console there is a microprocessor‐controlled interface unit to handle magnetic field modulation and scan, tuning display, and other functions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts in Magnetic Resonance (Magn Reson Engineering) 15: 59–91, 2002.
Transforming growth factor‐β1 as a useful serologic marker of small hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Song Byung‐Cheol , Chung Young‐Hwa , Kim Jung A. , Choi Won‐Beom , Suh Dong Dae , Pyo Seung Il , Shin Jung Woo , Lee Han Chu , Lee Yung Sang , Suh Dong Jin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) is a useful serologic marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it has been reported insufficiently sensitive in detecting small HCCs. Plasma transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGFβ1) has been reported to be elevated in HCC patients compared with liver cirrhosis patients. It has been reported that TGFβ1 mRNA was overexpressed in HCC, especially in patients with small HCC and well‐differentiated HCC compared with patients with liver cirrhosis. The current study investigated the usefulness of TGFβ1 compared with AFP in the diagnosis of small HCCs.METHODSThirty‐eight patients with small HCC (≤ 3 cm), 31 patients with liver cirrhosis only, and 23 normal volunteers were studied. Using plasma TGFβ1 and serum AFP levels measured at the time of diagnosis, the sensitivities and specificities were calculated in the diagnosis of small HCCs.RESULTSPlasma TGFβ1 and serum AFP levels were significantly higher in patients with small HCC than in those with liver cirrhosis. In diagnosing small HCCs, the cut‐off values of plasma TGFβ1 and serum AFP were 800pg/mL and 200ng/mL, respectively, where the specificities were over 95%. At the cut‐off level of plasma TGFβ1 and serum AFP, the sensitivities were 68% and 24%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe current results suggest that TGFβ1 may be a useful serologic marker in detecting HCCs earlier because it shows higher sensitivity than, with specificity as, AFP in the diagnosis of small HCCs. Cancer 2002;94:175–80. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Self‐assessment in cancer patients referred to palliative care
Authors: Strömgren Annette S. , Goldschmidt Dorthe , Groenvold Mogens , Petersen Morten Aa. , Jensen Pernille T. , Pedersen Lise , Hoermann Linda , Helleberg Carsten , Sjogren Per 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDResearch in palliative care is considered difficult due to the poor health of patients. However, patient‐provided data are essential for a thorough description of patient symptomatology and for the evaluation of care.METHODSThe authors examined the feasibility of a questionnaire‐based study using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality‐of‐life instrument EORTC QLQ‐C30, the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in cancer patients who were receiving palliative care. This report describes the symptomatology of participating patients and examines differences in symptomatology between patients in three palliative care functions: inpatient, outpatient, and palliative home care.RESULTSOf 267 eligible patients who were referred to a department of palliative medicine, initial self‐assessment questionnaires were obtained from 176 patients (65.9%). The 91 nonparticipants were older and had lower Karnofsky Performance status (KPS) values than the participants. Almost all participating patients suffered from impaired role function and physical function and had high levels of pain, fatigue, and other symptoms. According to the HADS, 47% of patients suffered from depression. Outpatients had better scores than inpatients and patients in palliative home care for physical function, role function, cognitive function, depression, and inactivity.CONCLUSIONSIt is possible to carry out a questionnaire‐based study of symptomatology in consecutive cancer patients in palliative care, achieving rather complete data from the participants. The symptomatology in these patients was very pronounced. The questionnaires were able to detect clinically important differences between places of service. Cancer 2002;94:512–20. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Immunohistochemical analysis and in situ hybridization of cyclooxygenase‐2 expression in intraductal papillary‐mucinous tumors of the pancreas
Authors: Niijima Mitsuoki , Yamaguchi Taketo , Ishihara Takeshi , Hara Taro , Kato Kazuki , Kondo Fukuo , Saisho Hiromitsu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to investigate COX‐2 expression in intraductal papillary‐mucinous tumor of the pancreas (IPMT) using immunohistochemical staining (IH) and in situ hybridization (ISH).METHODSImmunohistochemical staining of COX‐2 was performed using samples from 42 patients with IPMT (hyperplasia, 10; adenoma, 13; noninvasive adenocarcinoma, 13; invasive adenocarcinoma, 6) and from 10 patients with ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 10 with chronic pancreatitis, and 6 normal pancreatic tissues as controls. Also, COX‐2 was determined in five patients with IPMT noninvasive adenocarcinoma, in whom all histologic types, hyperplasia, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma were observed in the same excised specimens. Furthermore, IH of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was performed, and the labeling index (LI) was calculated to investigate the correlation with COX‐2. To confirm COX‐2 mRNA, the authors performed ISH in 20 IPMT patients.RESULTSCOX‐2 was positive in 0%, 0%, and 10% of pancreatic duct epithelial cells from normal pancreatic tissue, chronic pancreatitis, and IPMT hyperplasia, respectively. Whereas it was positive in 69%, 77%, 67%, and 80% of IPMT adenoma, IPMT noninvasive adenocarcinoma, IPMT invasive adenocarcinoma, and ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma, respectively, showing significant differences between IPMT hyperplasia and IPMT adenoma or IPMT adenocarcinoma (noninvasive and invasive adenocarcinoma). In the same patient, COX‐2 was negative in the hyperplasia region but positive in adenoma and adenocarcinoma regions, showing results reflecting the progression of the disease. In the COX‐2 negative group, PCNA‐LI was 19.2 ± 17.9%, and 33.5 ± 15.7% in the positive group, a significant difference. On ISH, COX‐2 mRNA was expressed in three of four and seven of eight COX‐2 positive patients with IPMT adenoma and adenocarcinoma, respectively.CONCLUSIONSCOX‐2 was highly expressed in adenoma and adenocarcinoma in IPMT, showing a relation to the histologic grade of IPMT. Cancer 2002;94:1565–73. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10358
Helping patients with localized prostate carcinoma manage uncertainty and treatment side effects
Authors: Mishel Merle H. , Belyea Michael , Germino Barbara B. , Stewart Janet L. , Bailey Donald E. , Robertson Cary , Mohler James 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to test the efficacy of an individualized uncertainty management intervention delivered by telephone to Caucasian and African‐American men with localized prostate carcinoma and directed at managing the uncertainties of their disease and treatment.METHODSThe authors delivered a psychoeducational intervention by phone to men with prostate carcinoma, with or without supplemented delivery to a close family member, that was directed at managing uncertainty and improving symptom control. One hundred thirty‐four Caucasian men and 105 African‐American men were assigned randomly to one of two approaches to delivering the intervention or to the control condition. Men entered the study immediately after surgical treatment or in the first 3 weeks of radiation therapy. Trained nurses delivered the intervention through weekly phone calls for 8 weeks.RESULTSThe authors found that the majority of intervention effects were from baseline to 4 months postbaseline, when treatment side effects are most intense. Both Caucasian men and African‐American men who received either one of the two approaches for delivering the intervention improved in the two uncertainty management methods of cognitive reframing and problem solving. Similarly, when the intervention groups were combined, men who received the intervention also improved significantly in control of incontinence by 4 months postbaseline. Decreases in the number of treatment side effects differed by time and treatment/ ethnic group interactions as did satisfaction with sexual functioning.CONCLUSIONSThis is one of the first tests of a psychoeducational intervention among men with prostate carcinoma and was the first test that included a sufficient number of African‐American men to test by ethnic group. Therefore, replication of these findings is advised. Cancer 2002;94:1854–66. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10390
Tumor specific gene expression profiles in human leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Shmulevich Ilya , Hunt Kelly , El‐Naggar Adel , Taylor Ellen , Ramdas Latha , Labordé Pilar , Hess Kenneth R. , Pollock Raphael , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLeiomyosarcomas are malignant smooth muscle tumors characterized by a spectrum of histopathologic features and clinical behavior. Gene expression profiling of leiomyosarcomas may identify differential gene signatures that may allow for the clinical stratification of the tumors. Typically, surgical specimens from these tumors are large and manifest a variegated macroscopic appearance. Because of their large size at the time of diagnosis, sufficient tissue is available for regional and clonal heterogeneity assessment. However, if the gene expression profiles of samples taken from different locations in the tumors are drastically different, biologic classification on the basis of random sample analysis may not be adequate. Therefore, to assess intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity, the authors performed a gene expression study using leiomyosarcoma specimens from three excised sarcomas from an equal number of different patients. Comparisons between tumor and normal samples from the three patients as well as between carefully mapped peripheral and core specimens from the same tumor (excised from one of the patients), were performed. Analysis of the expression profiles demonstrated minimal intratumor variations compared with intertissue variations, indicating homogeneous tumor specific gene expression profiles. The authors also identified genes that are expressed differentially in tumor and normal tissue. Cancer 2002;94:2069–75. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10425
Phase II study of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper respiratory or alimentary passages of the head and neck
Authors: Okuno Scott H. , Mailliard James A. , Suman Vera J. , Edmonson John H. , Creagan Edward T. , Nair Suresh , Levitt Ralph , Kugler John W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe chemotherapy drugs methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin have shown activity in patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma arising from the upper respiratory or alimentary passages of the head and neck. This study was undertaken to assess the antitumor activity and toxicity profile of the drug combination methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) in this patient population.METHODSPatients with histologically confirmed unresectable, recurrent, or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma arising from the upper respiratory or alimentary passages of the head and neck were treated with MVAC over a 4‐week cycle. The doses were as follows: 30 mg/m2 of methotrexate on Days 1, 15, and 22; 3 mg/m2 of vinblastine on Days 2, 15, and 22; 30 mg/m2 of doxorubicin on Day 2; and 70 mg/m2 of cisplatin on Day 2. The total cumulative dose of doxorubicin was not to exceed 450 mg/m2. Treatment was discontinued after four cycles for those whose disease remained stable. Patients were evaluated for chemotherapy response, progression free survival, and survival.RESULTSThirty‐six patients were accrued onto this study between April 1993 and February 1996. One patient (3%) with a history of cardiac heart failure was declared ineligible. Severe leukopenia (leukocyte count < 2000 cells/m3) was observed in 55% of the patients during the first cycle of treatment and in 81% of the patients during the entire course of their treatment. The overall objective response rate over the first 4 cycles of treatment was 46% (90% confidence interval [CI], 33–60%). Two of the 18 patients who responded had a complete response. The median time to progression was 19 weeks, and 1‐year progression free survival rate was 17% (95% CI, 8–36%). The median survival was 49 weeks, and the 1‐year survival rate was 43% (95% CI, 29–63%). Among the 22 patients with unresected residual or recurrent disease, the median time to progression was 11 weeks, and 1‐year progression free survival rate was 14% (95% CI, 5–39%), and median survival was 24 weeks, and the 1‐year survival rate was 36% (95% CI, 21–63%). Among the 13 patients with metastatic disease, the median time to progression was 26 weeks, and the 1‐year progression free survival rate was 23% (95% CI, 9–62%), the median survival was 54 weeks, and the 1‐year survival rate was 54% (95% CI, 33–89%).CONCLUSIONSMethotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin is an active chemotherapy regimen in patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell cancer arising from the upper respiratory or alimentary passages of the head and neck. Cancer 2002;94:2224–31. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10442