bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sensitivity of somatic symptoms in post‐stroke depression: a discriminant analytic approach
Authors: Coster Liesbeth de , Leentjens Albert F. G. , Lodder Jan , Verhey Frans R. J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackgroundSomatic and neurocognitive symptoms of depression may overlap with the physical symptoms of stroke, and thus make the diagnosis of post‐stroke depression difficult.AimTo assess the sensitivity of individual depressive symptoms and their contribution to the diagnosis of post‐stroke depression.Patients and methodsTwo hundred and six patients with first‐ever stroke, participating in a longitudinal study, were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM‐D). In a discriminant analysis the relative contribution of the individual HAM‐D items to the diagnosis of major depressive disorder was evaluated.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of post‐stroke major depressive disorder was 32%. The discriminant model based on HAM‐D item scores was highly significant (p<0.001) and classified 88.3% of patients correctly as depressed or nondepressed. As expected, ‘depressed mood’ discriminated best between depressed and non‐depressed stroke patients. ‘Reduced interests’ had a relatively low sensitivity and may in part reflect ‘apathy’, which often is considered a separate construct. With the exception of ‘suicidal thoughts’, most psychological symptoms, such as ‘hypochondriasis’, ‘lack of insight’ and ‘feelings of guilt’, were not very sensitive. Some somatic symptoms, such as ‘reduced appetite’, ‘psychomotor retardation’, and ‘fatigue’ had high discriminative properties.ConclusionPsychological, neurocognitive and somatic symptoms of depression differ among themselves in terms of diagnostic sensitivity, and should be considered individually. Some somatic symptoms are highly sensitive for depression and should not be neglected by following an ‘exclusive’ or ‘attributional’ approach to the diagnosis of PSD. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening for dementia in an Irish community sample using MMSE: a comparison of norm‐adjusted versus fixed cut‐points
Authors: Cullen Breda , Fahy Sabina , Cunningham Conal J. , Coen Robert F. , Bruce Irene , Greene Elaine , Coakley Davis , Walsh J. Bernard , Lawlor Brian A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe MMSE is a widely‐used instrument in screening for dementia in the community. The traditional cut‐point of <24/30 may be unsuitable for use in some settings, due to biases in age and education.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate whether cut‐points derived from age‐ and education‐specific norms would improve the performance of the MMSE as a screening tool for dementia and cognitive impairment in an Irish community setting, potentially reducing the number of onward referrals. A secondary aim was to obtain score norms in an Irish sample.MethodsOne thousand one hundred and fifteen people aged over 65 (mean age 74.8±6.8 years; 68% female) were assessed in their own homes, using MMSE (world) and the AGECAT computerised diagnostic system for mental illness in the elderly. The performance of the MMSE in identifying case‐ and sub‐case‐level dementia was investigated using cut‐points of <24 and <23, as well as adjusted cut‐points based on published norms and norms derived from the Irish sample.ResultsPublished norms did not prove useful in improving screening accuracy. Cut‐points based on 10th percentile Irish norms and the <23 cut‐point performed comparably well, both yielding 93% specificity, with overall accuracy of 90% and 91% respectively (as sensitivity was higher for the <23 cut‐point).ConclusionsLocally‐derived norms yielded better screening accuracy than did published norms or the traditional <24 cut‐point. The importance of selecting an appropriate percentile cut‐off when using norms is discussed. The best results were obtained with a simple <23 cut‐point, and this may be optimal when screening for dementia in an Irish community setting. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survival of a cohort of elderly patients with advanced dementia: nasogastric tube feeding as a risk factor for mortality
Authors: Alvarez‐Fernández Baldomero , García‐Ordoñez Miguel Angel , Martínez‐Manzanares Carlos , Gómez‐Huelgas Ricardo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate and identify factors determining survival in elderly patients with advanced dementia.MethodsA prospective, follow‐up, observational analysis in a cohort of 67 community‐based patients aged 65 years or older with dementia defined by DSM‐IV and stage 7A or above on the FAST scale. Data were recorded on socio‐demographic variables, FAST, Katz index, language, swallowing ability, diet, nutritional status (from anthropometric and laboratory data), associated diseases and medical complications during the previous 12 months. Survival was analyzed by the Kaplan‐Meier method. Prognostic factors for survival were identified by the Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 832 days. The mean age was 82.2±6.7 years and 92.5% were women. A comorbid condition was present in 71.6%, most frequently hypertension (22.4%). A clinical event had occurred in 52 (77.6%) patients during the previous year (pneumonia, urinary infection, stroke, pressure sore, dehydration, sepsis or others). A total of 25 (37.3%) patients died. The mean survival was 676 days (95% confidence interval, 600–752 days). Cox proportional hazards model showed that independent prognostic factors for mortality were having pneumonia within the previous year (RR:3.7; p=0.001), a permanent nasogastric tube (RR:3.5; p=0.003) and serum albumin values below 3.5 g/dL (RR:2.9; p=0.028).ConclusionsIn patients with advanced dementia, hypoalbuminemia and pneumonia are strongly and positively associated with mortality. Artificial nutrition via a nasogastric tube reduces survival in these patients. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ER Ca2+ depletion triggers apoptotic signals for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) overload response induced by overexpressed reticulon 3 (RTN3/HAP)
Authors: Kuang Ersheng , Wan Qingwen , Li Xiaojuan , Xu Hua , Liu Qingzhen , Qi Yipeng 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPerturbance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function, either by the mutant proteins not folding correctly, or by an excessive accumulation of proteins in the organelle, will lead to the unfolded protein response (UPR) or ER overload response (EOR). The signal‐transducing pathways for UPR have been identified, whereas the pathway for EOR remains to be elucidated. Our previous study demonstrated that the overexpression of reticulon 3 (RTN3, also named HAP, homologue of ASY protein) caused apoptosis with the depletion of ER Ca2+ stores. In present research, we characterized RTN3 as a novel EOR‐induced protein, triggering the apoptotic signals through the release of ER Ca2+ and the elevation of cytosolic Ca2+. Our studies showed that overexpressed RTN3 induced EOR, eliciting ER‐specific apoptosis with activation of caspase‐12 and mitochondrial dysfunction through ER Ca2+ depletion and the sustained elevation of cytosolic Ca2+. Furthermore, we demonstrated that overexpressed RTN3 and stimuli that activate both EOR and UPR, not UPR only, were able to induce up‐regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in HeLa cells through ER Ca2+ release and reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs), resulting in endogenous calcium‐dependent nitric oxide protecting cells against ER specific apoptosis, which suggested that the nitric oxide and iNOS represented a likely protective response to EOR, not the UPR. These results supported that the release of ER Ca2+ stores triggered the initial signal‐transducing pathways for EOR induced by overexpressed RTN3. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Go G‐proteins mediate rapid heterologous desensitization of G‐protein coupled receptors in Xenopus oocytes
Authors: Van‐Ham Irit Itzhaki , Oron Yoram 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe have shown previously that responses to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in Xenopus oocytes exhibit pronounced rapid homologous desensitization mediated by Go family of G‐proteins (Itzhaki‐Van Ham et al., 2004, J Cell Physiol, 200: 125–133). The present study was aimed at examining the involvement of Go G‐proteins in rapid heterologous desensitization of native and expressed G‐protein‐coupled receptors in Xenopus oocytes. Threshold stimulation of the native lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPA‐Rs) induced about 50% rapid desensitization of responses evoked by stimulation of either native trypsin or expressed M1‐muscarinic cholinergic receptors (M1‐Rs). Similarly, threshold stimulation of expressed M1‐Rs or thyrotropin‐releasing hormone receptors induced 40% rapid desensitization of responses to LPA. Inactivation of all Gi/o G‐proteins with pertussis toxin (PTX) completely abolished rapid heterologous desensitization in all protocols. Depletion of either Gαo or Gαo1 by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeted at either member of the Gαo family decreased or completely abolished rapid heterologous desensitization. Expression of two dominant negative mutants of the human Gαo family, highly homologous to oocyte Gαo species, either decreased or virtually abolished rapid desensitization. Homologous and heterologous desensitizations of the LPA response were non‐additive and proceeded, apparently, via the same pathway. We conclude that Go G‐proteins mediate both homologous and heterologous rapid desensitization of responses mediated by G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) coupled to the phosphoinositide phospholipase C‐inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate‐Ca2+ (PI‐PLC‐InsP3‐Ca2+) pathway in Xenopus oocytes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chondrocyte cluster formation in agarose cultures as a functional assay to identify genes expressed in osteoarthritis
Authors: Quintavalla Joseph , Kumar Chandrika , Daouti Sherif , Slosberg Eric , Uziel‐Fusi Susan 
Published: March 2005

AbstractUnderstanding altered gene expression in osteoarthritic cartilage can lead to new targets for drug intervention. We established a functional assay based on chondrocyte cluster formation, a phenotype associated with osteoarthritis (OA), to screen an OA cartilage gene library. Previous reports have demonstrated that normal chondrocytes grown in suspension culture maintain their chondrocytic phenotype, however, certain growth factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) will induce the cells to proliferate in tight clusters similar to those seen in osteoarthritic cartilage. In this study we validate that overexpression of bFGF by retrovirally transduced normal chondrocytes would similarly induce the proliferation of tight cell clusters. We then used this approach as a basis to set up a functional screen where an entire OA cartilage cDNA library was tranduced into normal chondrocytes to search for other genes that would also induce cluster formation. Seven potential genes were isolated from the OA gene library, including BPOZ, IL‐17 receptor C, NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase, COMP, Soluble carrier 16 (MCT 3), C1r, and bFGF itself. None of the identified genes were upregulated by bFGF, however, all of them upregulated the expression of bFGF suggesting a common pathway. Although cluster formation is not considered to be destructive in OA cartilage, it is consistent with the disease and could yield answers to the altered phenotype. Further studies are needed to elucidate how these genes are linked to the disease state. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A generalization of Turán's theorem
Authors: Sudakov Benny , Szabó Tibor , Van Vu H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we obtain an asymptotic generalization of Turán's theorem. We prove that if all the non‐trivial eigenvalues of a d‐regular graph G on n vertices are sufficiently small, then the largest Kt‐free subgraph of G contains approximately (t − 2)/(t − 1)‐fraction of its edges. Turán's theorem corresponds to the case d = n − 1. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
Unusual nocturnal motor restlessness in a patient with spinocerebellar ataxia 3
Authors: Ghorayeb Imad , Provini Federica , Bioulac Bernard , Tison François 
Published: March 2005

AbstractVideo‐polysomnographic monitoring of a female patient with spinocerebellar ataxia 3 (SCA‐3) in whom rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder was clinically suspected demonstrated recurrent episodes of unusual nocturnal motor restlessness occurring during non‐REM sleep and severely disturbing both the patient and her bed partner's sleep. Even if nocturnal manifestations are common features of SCA‐3 and increasingly recognized, such a case has never been reported before. We discuss this peculiar movement disorder as a particular manifestation of the wide spectrum of parasomnias occurring in such a rare neurodegenerative disease. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
MRI correlates of alien leg‐like phenomenon in corticobasal degeneration
Authors: Hu William T. , Josephs Keith A. , Ahlskog J. Eric , Shin Cheolsu , Boeve Bradley F. , Witte Robert J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe describe the clinical and neuroradiologic correlates in two patients with the clinical picture of CBD and alien leg phenomena. The MRI brain scan in both had unique focal abnormalities in the corresponding leg area of the homunculus that may be the substrate for the alien limb features. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Experimental measurement of extravascular parenchymal BOLD effects and tissue oxygen extraction fractions using multi‐echo VASO fMRI at 1.5 and 3.0 T
Authors: Lu Hanzhang , van Zijl Peter C. M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractQuantitative interpretation of BOLD fMRI signal changes has predominantly employed empirical models for the whole parenchyma and a calibration step is usually needed to determine the physiological parameters during activation. Although analytical expressions are available for the extravascular and intravascular components of the BOLD effects, it is difficult to experimentally separate tissue from blood signal contributions at the low magnetic fields in which most fMRI studies are performed. Even if this can be achieved, an additional problem that remains is the separation of two types of extravascular BOLD effects, namely those around microvasculature (in the parenchyma close to the site of activation) and those around draining macrovasculature (e.g., in tissue and CSF more remote from the site of activation). In the recently developed vascular space occupancy technique, blood signals are nulled and the activations are localized predominantly in gray matter, allowing experimental measurement of parenchymal extravascular R2* and its changes accompanying activation. When comparing such data with total parenchymal R2* changes in BOLD fMRI, the extravascular fractions were found to be 47 ± 7% (mean ± SEM, n = 4) and 67 ± 6% at 1.5 and 3.0 T, respectively, in line with expectations that intravascular BOLD contributions are reduced at higher field. The present approach provides a noninvasive means to determine parenchymal oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in situ. During visual stimulation, OEF values measured at 1.5 and 3.0 T were in good agreement, giving 0.23 ± 0.01 and 0.21 ± 0.01, respectively. Magn Reson Med 53:808–816, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a 0.014‐inch magnetic resonance imaging guidewire
Authors: Qiu Bensheng , Karmarkar Parag , Brushett Chris , Gao Fabao , Kon Ryan , Kar Sourav , Atalar Ergin , Yang Xiaoming 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a standard 0.014‐inch intravascular magnetic resonance imaging guidewire (MRIG), a coaxial cable with an extension of the inner conductor, specifically designed for use in the small vessels. After a theoretical analysis, the 0.014‐inch MRIG was built by plating/cladding highly electrically conductive materials, silver or gold, over the inside and outside of the coaxial conductors. The conductors were made of superelastic, nonmagnetic, biocompatible materials, Nitinol or MP35N. Then, in comparison with a previously designed 0.032‐inch MRIG, the performance of the new 0.014‐inch MRIG in vitro and in vivo was successfully evaluated. This study represents the initial work to confirm the critical role of highly conductive and superelastic materials in building such small‐size MRIGs, which are expected to generate high‐resolution MR imaging of vessel walls/plaques and guide endovascular interventional procedures in the small vessels, such as the coronary arteries. Magn Reson Med 53:986–990, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of breathing and cardiac motion on spatial resolution in the microscopic imaging of rodents
Authors: Maï Wilfried , Badea Cristian T. , Wheeler Charles T. , Hedlund Laurence W. , Johnson G. Allan 
Published: March 2005

AbstractOne can acquire high‐resolution pulmonary and cardiac images in live rodents with MR microscopy by synchronizing the image acquisition to the breathing cycle across multiple breaths, and gating to the cardiac cycle. The precision with which one can synchronize image acquisition to the motion defines the ultimate resolution limit that can be attained in such studies. The present work was performed to evaluate how reliably the pulmonary and cardiac structures return to the same position from breath to breath and beat to beat across the prolonged period required for MR microscopy. Radiopaque beads were surgically glued to the abdominal surface of the diaphragm and on the cardiac ventricles of anesthetized, mechanically ventilated rats. We evaluated the range of motion for the beads (relative to a reference vertebral bead) using digital microradiography with two specific biological gating methods: 1) ventilation synchronous acquisition, and 2) both ventilation synchronous and cardiac‐gated acquisitions. The standard deviation (SD) of the displacement was ≤100 μm, which is comparable to the resolution limit for in vivo MRI imposed by signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) constraints. With careful control of motion, its impact on resolution can be limited. This work provides the first quantitative measure of the motion‐imposed resolution limits for in vivo imaging. Magn Reson Med 53:858–865, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multi‐slice echo‐planar spectroscopic MR imaging provides both global and local metabolite measures in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mathiesen Henrik Kahr , Tscherning Thomas , Sorensen Per Soelberg , Larsson Henrik B.W. , Rostrup Egill , Paulson Olaf B. , Hanson Lars G. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMR spectroscopy (MRS) provides information about neuronal loss or dysfunction by measuring decreases in N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA), a metabolite widely believed to be a marker of neuronal viability. In multiple sclerosis (MS), whole‐brain NAA (WBNAA) has been suggested as a marker of disease progression and treatment efficacy in treatment trials, and the ability to measure NAA loss in specific brain regions early in the evolution of this disease may have prognostic value. Most spectroscopic studies to date have been limited to single voxels or nonlocalized measurements of WBNAA only, and longitudinal studies have often been hampered by standardization and reproducibility problems. Multi‐slice echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) is presented as a promising alternative to single‐voxel or nonlocalized spectroscopy for obtaining global metabolite estimates in MS. In the same session, measurements of metabolites in specific brain areas chosen after image acquisition (e.g., normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM), gray matter (GM), and lesions) can be obtained. The identification and exclusion of regions that are inadequate for spectroscopic evaluation in global assessments can significantly improve quality and reproducibility, as demonstrated by a low within‐subject variance in healthy controls. The reproducibility of the technique makes it a promising tool for future longitudinal spectroscopic studies of MS. Magn Reson Med 53:750–759, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic dephasing changes in developing ischemic cerebral infarction in rats studied by Carr–Purcell T2 magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kavec Martin , Gröhn Olli H. J. , Gröhn Heidi I. , Garwood Michael , Kauppinen Risto A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCarr–Purcell (CP) T2 MRI with adiabatic pulses, acquired with varying interecho interval (τCP), was used to study the time course of T2 and relative dynamic‐dephasing contrast in the rat brain. Exposure to 30 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) resulted in an irreversible increase in absolute CP‐T2 relaxation times. This was not associated with signal change in the relative dynamic‐dephasing images, as computed by subtracting short τCP CP‐T2 images from long τCP images and normalizing for long τCP images. A day after MCAo strong CP‐T2 hyperintensity and low apparent diffusion coefficient were evident in the striatum with a decline in relative dynamic‐dephasing contrast. Low dynamic dephasing contrast prevailed in striatum until day 5 post‐MCAo, returning to control levels with similar time course to normalizing T2 and diffusion. The present results show a novel behavior of dynamic‐dephasing contrast in poststroke brain tissue, providing data to assess the age of infarction in association to T2 images. Magn Reson Med 53:960–964, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantification of choline compounds in human hepatic tumors by proton MR spectroscopy at 3 T
Authors: Li Chun‐Wei , Kuo Yueh Chun , Chen Chiao‐Yun , Kuo Yu‐Ting , Chiu Yen‐Yu , She Feng‐O , Liu Gin‐Chung 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe quantification of choline‐containing compounds (Cho) in hepatic tumors by 1H MR spectroscopy (MRS) is of great interest because such compounds have been linked to malignancy. In this study, a practical external phantom replacement method for the absolute quantification of hepatic metabolites is demonstrated. We performed experiments at 3 T using a body coil, and used an external phantom containing choline chloride for calibration. We first tested the quantification strategy to confirm its suitability in vivo using a phantom of known concentration and normal brain tissue. The results obtained after coil loading and T1 and T2 effects were corrected for were consistent with the known concentration and previously published values. To demonstrate its feasibility, we applied the technique to liver studies conducted on five normal volunteers and four patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and one patient (also in the latter group) who had undergone post‐transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). The Cho concentrations in the four patients were estimated to be 3.4, 6.3, 7.4, and 14.0 mM, respectively. These values are substantially higher than those obtained from the healthy volunteers (1.3 ± 0.9 mM (mean ± SD)). The results indicate that the proposed method is accurate and requires fewer tedious procedures for MRS; therefore, it may be a promising technique for evaluating response to treatment in liver cancer. Magn Reson Med 53:770–776, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.