bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A right orbitofrontal region and OCD symptoms: a case report
Authors: Ogai M. , Iyo M. , Mori N. , Takei N. 
Published: January 2005

Objective:  To discuss the relationship between obsessive‐compulsive symptoms and a right orbitofrontal lesion.Method:  Single case report.Results:  A 59‐year‐old man developed obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms after his head injury. Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans showed a small contusion in the right orbitofrontal region, and single‐photon emission computed tomography revealed hypoperfusion in blood flow at the same region.Conclusion:  The OCD symptoms that developed in the present case may be attributable primarily to hypofunction in the lesion localized to the right orbitofrontal area. Although caution is needed for interpretation of the observation because of our experience of only a single case, it suggests that the right orbitofrontal region may be important in forming OCD symptoms.
Help‐seeking behaviour in patients with anxiety disorder and depression
Authors: Roness A. , Mykletun A. , Dahl A. A. 
Published: January 2005

Objective:  The objective of this study was to investigate help‐seeking behaviour among persons with anxiety disorder and depression based on self‐rating in a Norwegian population (the HUNT study).Method:  Of the 92 100 inhabitants aged 20–89 years invited, 65 648 (71.3%) took part. Among them 60 869 (66.1%) persons delivered valid ratings on hospital anxiety and depression scale, and had answered the requested help for mental problems question.Results:  Among HUNT attenders 13% of those with depression and 25% with anxiety disorders had been help seekers. Help seeking was only non‐significantly associated with demographic or other variables.Conclusion:  Most persons with anxiety disorder and/or depression in the population had not sought help for their mental disorders, but the disparity between use and need of health service must not be overassessed. Improvement of the help‐seeking rate for common mental disorder should have high priority in mental health politics.
Have there been any changes in the public's attitudes towards psychiatric treatment? Results from representative population surveys in Germany in the years 1990 and 2001
Authors: Angermeyer M. C. , Matschinger H. 
Published: January 2005

Objective:  During the 1990s, the reform of German mental health care made considerable progress. In addition, important advances in the treatment of mental disorders took place. The question arises as to whether these improvements were accompanied by a greater acceptance of psychiatric treatment by the public.Method:  In 1990 and 2001, representative surveys were conducted among the adult German population, using the same sampling procedure and interview.Results:  In the course of the 1990s, the German public became more inclined to recommend to seek help from psychiatrists or psychotherapists in case of schizophrenia or major depression. There was also an increase in the willingness to recommend therapy in general, which was particularly pronounced with regard to drug treatment and psychotherapy of schizophrenia.Conclusion:  Our findings seem to support the notion that improvements in mental health care are reflected in the public's attitudes towards psychiatric treatment. This may, in turn, positively impact help‐seeking behaviour.
Multigene Phylogenetic Analysis of Pathogenic
Candida
Species in the
Kazachstania
(
Arxiozyma
)
telluris
Complex and Description of Their Ascosporic States as
Kazachstania bovina
sp. nov.,
K. heterogenica
sp. nov.,
K. pintolopesii
sp. nov., and
K. slooffiae
sp. nov
Authors: Kurtzman Cletus P. , Robnett Christie J. , Ward Jerrold M. , Brayton Cory , Gorelick Peter , Walsh Thomas J. 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACT

A yeast causing widespread infection of laboratory mice was identified from 26S rRNA gene sequences as
Candida pintolopesii
. To determine the relationship of
C. pintolopesii
with other members of the
Kazachstania
(
Arxiozyma
)
telluris
species complex, nucleotide sequences from domains 1 and 2 of the 26S rRNA gene, the mitochondrial small-subunit rRNA gene, and the RNA polymerase II gene were phylogenetically analyzed. That analysis resolved the 48 strains examined into five closely related species:
K. telluris
,
Candida bovina
,
C. pintolopesii
,
Candida slooffiae
, and a previously unknown species. One or more strains of each of the last four species formed an ascosporic state much like that of
K. telluris
. To place these ascosporogenous strains taxonomically, it is proposed that they be assigned to the teleomorphic genus
Kazachstania
as
K. bovina
(type strain NRRL Y-7283, CBS 9732, from the nasal passage of a pigeon),
K. heterogenica
(type strain NRRL Y-27499, CBS 2675, from rodent feces),
K. pintolopesii
(type strain NRRL Y-27500, CBS 2985, from the peritoneal fluid of a dead guinea pig), and
K. slooffiae
(type strain NRRL YB-4349, CBS 9733, from the cecum of a horse). On the basis of multigene sequence analyses,
K. heterogenica
appears to be a hybrid of
K. pintolopesii
and a presently unknown species. With the exception of
K. bovina
, the phylogenetically defined species show a moderate degree of host specificity.
Preclinical Diagnosis of African Swine Fever in Contact-Exposed Swine by a Real-Time PCR Assay
Authors: Zsak L. , Borca M. V. , Risatti G. R. , Zsak A. , French R. A. , Lu Z. , Kutish G. F. , Neilan J. G. , Callahan J. D. , Nelson W. M. , Rock D. L. 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACTA fluorogenic probe hydrolysis (TaqMan) PCR assay for African swine fever virus (ASFV) was developed and evaluated in experimentally infected swine. This sensitive and specific one-step single-tube assay, which can be performed in 2 h or less, detected viral DNA in tonsil scraping samples 2 to 4 days prior to onset of clinical disease. Thus, the assay would have application for preclinical diagnosis of African swine fever and surveillance and/or emergency management of a disease outbreak.
Association between Respiratory Disease and Bacterial and Viral Infections in British Racehorses
Authors: Wood J. L. N. , Newton J. R. , Chanter N. , Mumford J. A. 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACTRespiratory disease is important in horses, particularly in young Thoroughbred racehorses, and inflammation that is detected in the trachea and bronchi (termed inflammatory airway disease [IAD]) is more significant in this population in terms of impact and frequency than other presentations of respiratory disease. IAD, which is characterized by neutrophilic inflammation, mild clinical signs, and accumulation of mucus in the trachea, may be multifactorial, possibly involving infections and environmental and immunological factors, and its etiology remains unclear. This 3-year longitudinal study of young Thoroughbred racehorses was undertaken to characterize the associations of IAD and nasal discharge with viral and bacterial infections. IAD was statistically associated with tracheal infection withStreptococcus pneumoniae(capsule type 3),Streptococcus zooepidemicus,Actinobacillusspp., andMycoplasma equirhinisand equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 infections, after adjustment for variation between training yards, seasons, and age groups. The association withS. pneumoniaeandS. zooepidemicuswas independent of prior viral infection and, critically, was dependent on the numbers of organisms isolated.S. pneumoniaewas significant only in horses that were 2 years old or younger. The prevalence and incidence of IAD,S. zooepidemicus, andS. pneumoniaedecreased in parallel with age, consistent with increased disease resistance, perhaps by the acquisition of immunity. The study provided evidence forS. zooepidemicusandS. pneumoniaeplaying an important etiological role in the pathogenesis of IAD in young horses.
Risk Factors and Molecular Analysis of Community Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Carriage
Authors: Lu Po-Liang , Chin Lien-Chun , Peng Chien-Fang , Chiang Yi-Hsiung , Chen Tyen-Po , Ma Ling , Siu L. K 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACT

A total of 1,838 subjects from the community and 393 subjects from health care-related facilities in Taiwan were evaluated for the prevalence of nasal
Staphylococcus aureus
colonization and to identify risk factors associated with
S. aureus
and methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA) colonization. Among the community subjects, 3.5% had nasal MRSA colonization. Subjects from health care-related facilities had a lower
S. aureus
colonization rate (19.1%) than community subjects (25.2%) but had a significantly higher rate of colonization with MRSA (7.63%). Age (
P
< 0.001) was a significant risk factor for
S. aureus
colonization, with subjects under age 20 years or between 71 and 80 years showing higher rates of colonization. Recent gastrointestinal disease (
P
= 0.011) and hospital admission (
P
= 0.026) were risk factors for nasal MRSA colonization. Comparison of hospital MRSA isolates with the colonization strains by staphylococcal cassette chromosome
mec
(SCC
mec
) gene typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing revealed that most MRSA strains carried in the community were SCC
mec
type IV and that most clinical hospital isolates were type III, while health care facility-related carriage isolates were mainly SCC
mec
type III and type IV. Two new variant SCC
mec
types were identified. Six clusters of PFGE patterns were distinguished: two mainly comprised health care facility-related MRSA strains, three mainly comprised community MRSA strains, and one comprised mixed community and health care facility-related MRSA strains. In conclusion, a high prevalence of MRSA colonization was observed among people with no relationship to the hospital setting. The high level of multiple-drug resistance among community MRSA strains in association with the previously reported excessive use of antibiotics in Taiwan highlights the importance of the problem of antibiotic selective pressure. Our results indicate that both the clonal spread of MRSA and the transmission of hospital isolates contribute to the high MRSA burden in the community.
Interlaboratory Comparison of PCR-Based Identification and Genogrouping of
Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: Taha Muhamed-Kheir , Alonso Jean-Michel , Cafferkey Mary , Caugant Dominique A. , Clarke Stuart C. , Diggle Mathew A. , Fox Andrew , Frosch Matthias , Gray Stephen J. , Guiver Malcolm , Heuberger Sigrid , Kalmusova Jitka , Kesanopoulos Konstantinos , Klem Anne-Marie , Kriz Paula , Marsh John , Mölling Paula , Murphy Karen , Olcén Per , Sanou Oumar , Tzanakaki Georgina , Vogel Ulrich 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACT

Twenty clinical samples (18 cerebrospinal fluid samples and 2 articular fluid samples) were sent to 11 meningococcus reference centers located in 11 different countries. Ten of these laboratories are participating in the EU-MenNet program (a European Union-funded program) and are members of the European Monitoring Group on Meningococci. The remaining laboratory was located in Burkina Faso.
Neisseria meningitidis
was sought by detecting several meningococcus-specific genes (
crgA
,
ctrA
, 16S rRNA, and
porA
). The PCR-based nonculture method for the detection of
N. meningitidis
gave similar results between participants with a mean sensitivity and specificity of 89.7 and 92.7%, respectively. Most of the laboratories also performed genogrouping assays (
siaD
and
mynB
/
sacC
). The performance of genogrouping was more variable between laboratories, with a mean sensitivity of 72.7%. Genogroup B gave the best correlation between participants, as all laboratories routinely perform this PCR. The results for genogroups A and W135 were less similar between the eight participating laboratories that performed these PCRs.
Characterization of
ermB
Gene Transposition by Tn
1545
and Tn
917
in Macrolide-Resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Isolates
Authors: Okitsu Naohiro , Kaieda Satoru , Yano Hisakazu , Nakano Ryuichi , Hosaka Yoshio , Okamoto Ryouichi , Kobayashi Toshimitsu , Inoue Matsuhisa 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACT

In
Streptococcus pneumoniae
, the
ermB
gene is carried by transposons, such as Tn
917
and Tn
1545
. This study investigated the relationship between macrolide resistance and the presence of the
ermB
gene on Tn
917
or Tn
1545
in 84 Japanese pneumococcal isolates. Macrolide-resistant strains were classified into two groups as follows. Group 1 (19 strains) showed a tendency to high resistance to erythromycin (MIC at which 50% of isolates are inhibited, 4 mg/liter; MIC at which 90% of isolates are inhibited [MIC
90
], 128 mg/liter) but susceptibility to rokitamycin (MIC
90
, 1 mg/liter), with the
ermB
gene located on Tn
1545
. Group 2 (65 strains) showed a tendency to high resistance to both antibiotics (MIC
90
s for both erythromycin and rokitamycin, >128 mg/liter), with the
ermB
gene located on Tn
917
. There were no strains with constitutive macrolide resistance in either group. All of the strains in group 2 had a deletion in the promoter region of
ermB
and an insertion of the TAAA motif in the leader peptide. The results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and serogrouping showed that Tn
1545
spread clonally while Tn
917
spread both horizontally and clonally. In conclusion, in Japanese macrolide-resistant
S. pneumoniae
isolates, the
ermB
gene is carried and spread primarily by Tn
917
.
Benefit of Hepatitis C Virus Core Antigen Assay in Prediction of Therapeutic Response to Interferon and Ribavirin Combination Therapy
Authors: Takahashi Masahiko , Saito Hidetsugu , Higashimoto Makiko , Atsukawa Kazuhiro , Ishii Hiromasa 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACTA highly sensitive second-generation hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen assay has recently been developed. We compared viral disappearance and first-phase kinetics between commercially available core antigen (Ag) assays, Lumipulse Ortho HCV Ag (Lumipulse-Ag), and a quantitative HCV RNA PCR assay, Cobas Amplicor HCV Monitor test, version 2 (Amplicor M), to estimate the predictive benefit of a sustained viral response (SVR) and non-SVR in 44 genotype 1b patients treated with interferon (IFN) and ribavirin. HCV core Ag negativity could predict SVR on day 1 (sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 85.0%, accuracy = 86.4%), whereas RNA negativity could predict SVR on day 7 (sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 87.2%, accuracy = 88.6%). None of the patients who had detectable serum core Ag or RNA on day 14 achieved SVR (specificity = 100%). The predictive accuracy on day 14 was higher by RNA negativity (93.2%) than that by core Ag negativity (75.0%). The combined predictive criterion of both viral load decline during the first 24 h and basal viral load was also predictive for SVR; the sensitivities of Lumipulse-Ag and Amplicor-M were 45.5 and 47.6%, respectively, and the specificity was 100%. Amplicor-M had better predictive accuracy than Lumipulse-Ag in 2-week disappearance tests because it had better sensitivity. On the other hand, estimates of kinetic parameters were similar regardless of the detection method. Although the correlations between Lumipulse-Ag and Amplicor-M were good both before and 24 h after IFN administration, HCV core Ag seemed to be relatively lower 24 h after IFN administration than before administration. Lumipulse-Ag seems to be useful for detecting the HCV concentration during IFN therapy; however, we still need to understand the characteristics of the assay.
Characterization of Sucrose-Negative
Pasteurella multocida
Variants, Including Isolates from Large-Cat Bite Wounds
Authors: Christensen Henrik , Bisgaard Magne , Angen Øystein , Frederiksen Wilhelm , Olsen John Elmerdahl 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACT

To validate the identification of
Pasteurella multocida-
like bacteria negative for acid formation from sucrose, including isolates from bite wounds caused by large cats, 17 strains were phenotypically and genotypically characterized. Phylogenetic analysis of partially sequenced
rpoB
and
infB
genes showed the monophyly of the strains characterized and the reference strains of
P. multocida
. The sucrose-negative strains formed two groups, one related to reference strains of
P. multocida
and the other related to a separate species-like group (taxon 45 of Bisgaard). DNA-DNA hybridization further documented the species-like nature of this group. Ribotyping showed the heterogeneity of all strains except four strains that shared the same ribotype and that were isolated from bovine lungs. Phylogenetic analysis by 16S rRNA sequence comparison showed the monophyly of the strains characterized and the reference strains of
P. multocida
. Two strains isolated from leopard bite wounds were related to the type strain of
P. dagmatis
; however, they represented a new taxon (taxon 46 of Bisgaard), in accordance with their distinct phenotypic and genotypic identifications. The present study documents that sucrose-negative strains of
P. multocida-
like bacteria belong to two genotypically distinct groups. The study further confirms the phenotypic heterogeneity of
P. multocida
strains and documents two new species-like taxa of
Pasteurella
related to
P. multocida
. Until diagnostic tools have been further elaborated, special care should be taken in the identification of
Pasteurella
-like bacteria isolated from bite wounds caused by large cats. The evidence of phenotypic and genotypic divergence calls for the further development of PCR tests and DNA sequencing to document doubtful isolates.
Candida orthopsilosis
and
Candida metapsilosis
spp. nov. To Replace
Candida parapsilosis
Groups II and III
Authors: Tavanti Arianna , Davidson Amanda D. , Gow Neil A. R. , Maiden Martin C. J. , Odds Frank C. 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACT

Two new species,
Candida orthopsilosis
and
C. metapsilosis
, are proposed to replace the existing designations of
C. parapsilosis
groups II and III, respectively. The species
C. parapsilosis
is retained for group I isolates. Attempts to construct a multilocus sequence typing scheme to differentiate individual strains of
C. parapsilosis
instead revealed fixed DNA sequence differences between pairs of subgroups in four genes:
COX3
,
L1A1
,
SADH
, and
SYA1
. PCR amplicons for sequencing were obtained for these four plus a further seven genes from 21 group I isolates. For nine group II isolates, PCR products were obtained from only 5 of the 11 genes, and for two group III isolates PCR products were obtained from a different set of 5 genes. Three of the PCR products from group II and III isolates differed in size from the group I products. Cluster analysis of sequence polymorphisms from
COX3
,
SADH
, and
SYA1
, which were common to the three groups, consistently separated the isolates into three distinct sets. All of these differences, together with DNA sequence similarities <90% in the
ITS1
sequence, suggest the subgroups should be afforded species status. The near absence of DNA sequence variability among isolates of
C. parapsilosis
and relatively high levels of sequence variability among isolates of
C. orthopsilosis
suggest that the former species may have evolved very recently from the latter.
Sequence Typing and Comparison of Population Biology of
Campylobacter coli
and
Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Dingle Kate E. , Colles Frances M. , Falush Daniel , Maiden Martin C. J. 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACT

A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme that uses the same loci as a previously described system for
Campylobacter jejuni
was developed for
Campylobacter coli
. The
C. coli-
specific primers were validated with 53 isolates from humans, chickens, and pigs, together with 15 Penner serotype reference isolates. The nucleotide sequence of the
flaA
short variable region (SVR) was determined for each isolate. These sequence data were compared to equivalent information for 17
C. jejuni
isolates representing the known genetic diversity of this species.
C. coli
and
C. jejuni
share approximately 86.5% identity at the nucleotide sequence level within the MLST loci. There is evidence of genetic exchange of the housekeeping genes between the two species, but at a very low rate; only one sequence type from each species showed evidence of imported DNA. The
flaA
gene was more variable and has been exchanged many times between the two species, making it an unreliable marker for species identification but useful for distinguishing closely related strains. All but 3 of 21 human
C. coli
clinical isolates were distinct, according to the combined MLST and SVR sequences. The use of a common MLST scheme allows direct comparisons of the population biology and molecular epidemiology of these two closely related human pathogens.
Quantitative Multiplex Assay for Simultaneous Detection and Identification of Indiana and New Jersey Serotypes of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
Authors: Rasmussen Thomas B. , Uttenthal Åse , Fernández Jovita , Storgaard Torben 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACT
In order to establish a rapid and reliable system for the detection of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), we developed a quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay for the detection, quantification, and differentiation of the major serotypes, VSV Indiana and VSV New Jersey, using a closed-tube multiplex format. The detection system is based on the recently invented primer-probe energy transfer (PriProET) system. A region of the gene encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase was amplified by using VSV-specific primers in the presence of two serotype-specific fluorescent probes. By incorporating nucleotide analogues in the primers, both serotypes were amplified with similar efficiencies. The generation of specific amplicons resulted in fluorescent signals for either of the two serotypes, and the specificities of the reactions were confirmed from the melting temperature profiles of the fluorescent probes. The limits of detection were found to be less than 10 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml for both serotypes. The diagnostic value of the new method was tested with clinical materials from experimentally infected pigs, and it is concluded that the method is a powerful tool for the rapid identification of VSV.
Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus caprae
in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Ross T. L. , Fuss E. P. , Harrington S. M. , Cai M. , Perl T. M. , Merz W. G. 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus caprae
, a hemolytic coagulase-negative staphylococcus that is infrequently associated with humans, was initially detected in specimens from six infants in our neonatal intensive care unit due to phenotypic characteristics common to methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
. These isolates were subsequently identified as
S. caprae
by the Automated RiboPrinter microbial characterization system. This prompted an 8-month retrospective investigation in our neonatal intensive care unit.
S. caprae
was the cause of 6 of 18 episodes of coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia, was the most common coagulase-negative staphylococcus recovered from the nares of 6 of 32 infants surveyed in a methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
surveillance program, and was isolated from 1 of 37 health care providers' hands. Of 13 neonatal intensive care unit isolates tested, all were methicillin resistant and positive for the
mecA
gene. All 21 isolates were found to be a single strain by Automated RiboPrinter and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with ApaI or SmaI digestion; ApaI was more discriminating in analyzing epidemiologically unrelated strains than Automated RiboPrinter or electrophoresis with SmaI. These findings extend the importance of
S. caprae
, emphasize its similarities to methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
, and demonstrate its ability to persist in an intensive care unit setting.