bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood Pressure Measurements Obtained by Community-Dwelling Adults Are Similar to Nurse-Obtained Measurements: The SMART-BP Validate Study
Authors: Liu Xiaoyue , Slone Sarah E , Chen Yuling , Yeboah-Kordieh Yvette , Alharthi Abeer , Amihere Johnitta , Moyo-Songonuga Sharon , Lane Tynetta , Ostchega Yechiam , Brady Tammy M , Himmelfarb Cheryl R , Commodore-Mensah Yvonne 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Self-measured blood pressure (SMBP) is an effective strategy for managing and controlling hypertension. However, uncertainty regarding patients’ ability to accurately measure their blood pressure (BP) contributes to treatment inertia. Therefore, we compared BP measurements with the Omron HEM-9210T device obtained by nurses and community-dwelling adults after training.

METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted in a simulated home environment at an academic institution. After a 5-min rest, a trained nurse measured a participant’s BP twice at a 1-min interval. The participants then ambulated at their usual pace for 2 min. Next, they were asked to rest for 5 min, during which each individual watched a 3-min video on SMBP. Following the rest, the participants obtained two readings at a 1-min interval.

RESULTS
We recruited 102 community-dwelling adults with a mean age of 54 (±14) years; 59% female, 88% Black race, and 63% with a hypertension diagnosis. Half (n = 51) had a home BP monitor. Overall, there were no significant differences between nurse- and participant-obtained systolic BP (mean difference [MD]: −1.1; standard deviation [SD]: 8.0; P = 0.178) or diastolic BP (MD: −0.9; SD: 5.5; P = 0.111). Participants who used an extra-large cuff had higher self-measured diastolic BP (MD: −2.9; SD: 4.5; P = 0.010). All participants demonstrated satisfactory SMBP skills after the training.

CONCLUSIONS
Community-dwelling adults can accurately measure BP after a 3-min video training. Integrating SMBP training into patient encounters may result in reliable home BP measurements, improving hypertension management and clinical decision making.
Goals and benefits in topical treatment for psoriasis: development and pilot validation of a patient-reported outcomes tool, the Patient Benefit Index for Topical Treatment (PBI-TOP)
Authors: Blome Christine , Hülswitt Lennart , Meineke Anna , Augustin Matthias , Ohm Frenz , Rusch Judith , Janke Toni Maria 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Topical agents are an essential component of psoriasis therapy.

Objectives
To develop a new version of the patient-reported Patient Benefit Index assessing the importance and achievement of treatment goals in topical psoriasis therapy in adult patients (PBI-TOP).

Methods
Through semi-structured interviews, focus groups and free-text questionnaires, patients reported their needs in topical treatment. Based on qualitative content analysis, items were developed by a consensus group and were refined in cognitive debriefing interviews. A pilot validation assessed the PBI-TOP and convergent criteria [Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI); Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI); affected Body Surface Area (BSA)].

Results
Thirty patients (26–72 years, mean 47; 60% male) reported various treatment goals relating to the themes ‘effectiveness’ and ‘characteristics of the preparation’. Twenty patients took part in cognitive debriefings (22–84 years, mean 50.6, 50% male). There were 154 patients who participated in the pilot validation (18–85 years, mean 46.9, 63.6% male). An importance-weighted total score on overall effectiveness and three subscales based on exploratory factor analysis were defined: effectiveness on symptoms, effectiveness on quality of life (QoL), and characteristics of the preparation. All scores showed excellent internal consistency (α &gt; 0.9). The global effectiveness score correlated significantly with DLQI (r = –0.41), PASI (r = –0.32) and BSA (r = –0.22). The effectiveness subscales (symptoms; QoL) correlated significantly with DLQI (r = –0.41; –0.32) and PASI (r = –0.27; –0.33). The score on characteristics of the preparation correlated significantly with the DLQI (r = –0.34).

Conclusions
The PBI-TOP showed good feasibility and favourable psychometric characteristics in this pilot validation.
Deucravacitinib in plaque psoriasis: 2-year safety and efficacy results from the phase III POETYK trials
Authors: Lebwohl Mark , Warren Richard B , Sofen Howard , Imafuku Shinichi , Paul Carle , Szepietowski Jacek C , Spelman Lynda , Passeron Thierry , Vritzali Eleni , Napoli Andrew , Kisa Renata M , Buck Alex , Banerjee Subhashis , Thaçi Diamant , Blauvelt Andrew 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
In the phase III POETYK PSO-1 and PSO-2 trials, deucravacitinib, an oral selective allosteric tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor, was well tolerated and efficacious over 1 year in patients with psoriasis.

Objective
To evaluate deucravacitinib safety and efficacy over 2 years in patients participating in the phase III trials.

Methods
In the POETYK long-term extension (LTE), an ongoing phase IIIb open-label trial, adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis who completed PSO-1 or PSO-2 receive deucravacitinib 6 mg once daily. Safety was assessed via adverse events (AEs) and laboratory parameter abnormalities. Efficacy endpoints, including ≥ 75% reduction from baseline Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score (PASI 75) and static Physician’s Global Assessment (sPGA) score of 0/1 (clear/almost clear), were evaluated in patients originally randomized to deucravacitinib, patients who crossed over from placebo at week 16 and patients who achieved PASI 75 at week 24 (peak efficacy).

Results
At data cutoff (1 October 2021), 1519 patients had received at least one dose of deucravacitinib; 79.0% and 39.9% had ≥ 52 weeks and ≥ 104 weeks of total deucravacitinib exposure, respectively. Exposure-adjusted incidence rates (EAIRs) per 100 person-years were similar at 1 year and 2 years for any AEs (229.2 vs. 154.4, respectively), serious AEs (5.7 vs. 6.1), discontinuations (4.4 vs. 2.8), deaths (0.2 vs. 0.4), serious infections (1.7 vs. 2.6), herpes zoster (0.9 vs. 0.8), major adverse cardiovascular events (0.3 vs. 0.4), venous thromboembolic events (0.2 vs. 0.1) and malignancies (1.0 vs. 0.9). EAIRs for COVID-19 infections were higher at 2 years than at 1 year (5.1 vs. 0.5) owing to the peak of the global COVID-19 pandemic occurring during the LTE. No clinically meaningful changes from baseline or trends were observed over 2 years in haematological, chemistry or lipid parameters. Clinical responses were maintained in patients who received continuous deu­cravacitinib treatment from baseline [PASI 75: week 52, 72.4%; week 112, 79.7%; sPGA 0/1: week 52, 57.9%; week 112, 61.1% (as observed)]. Responses at week 52 were also maintained in placebo crossovers and in week-24 PASI-75 responders.

Conclusions
Deucravacitinib maintained efficacy and demonstrated consistent safety with no new safety signals observed through 2 years.
Diagnosed and subjectively perceived long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on olfactory function assessed by supervised machine learning
Authors: Lötsch Jörn , Brosig Oskar , Slobodova Jana , Kringel Dario , Haehner Antje , Hummel Thomas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLoss of olfactory function is a typical acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptom, at least in early variants of SARS-CoV2. The time that has elapsed since the emergence of COVID-19 now allows for assessing the long-term prognosis of its olfactory impact.Participants (n = 722) of whom n = 464 reported having had COVID-19 dating back with a mode of 174 days were approached in a museum as a relatively unbiased environment. Olfactory function was diagnosed by assessing odor threshold and odor identification performance. Subjects also rated their actual olfactory function on an 11-point numerical scale [0,…10]. Neither the frequency of olfactory diagnostic categories nor olfactory test scores showed any COVID-19-related effects. Olfactory diagnostic categories (anosmia, hyposmia, or normosmia) were similarly distributed among former patients and controls (0.86%, 18.97%, and 80.17% for former patients and 1.17%, 17.51%, and 81.32% for controls). Former COVID-19 patients, however, showed differences in their subjective perception of their own olfactory function. The impact of this effect was substantial enough that supervised machine learning algorithms detected past COVID-19 infections in new subjects, based on reduced self-awareness of olfactory performance and parosmia, while the diagnosed olfactory function did not contribute any relevant information in this context.Based on diagnosed olfactory function, results suggest a positive prognosis for COVID-19-related olfactory loss in the long term. Traces of former infection are found in self-perceptions of olfaction, highlighting the importance of investigating the long-term effects of COVID-19 using reliable and validated diagnostic measures in olfactory testing.
High compositional and functional similarity in the microbiome of deep-sea sponges
Authors: Díez-Vives Cristina , Riesgo Ana 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Sponges largely depend on their symbiotic microbes for their nutrition, health, and survival. This is especially true in high microbial abundance (HMA) sponges, where filtration is usually deprecated in favor of a larger association with prokaryotic symbionts. Sponge-microbiome association is substantially less understood for deep-sea sponges than for shallow water species. This is most unfortunate, since HMA sponges can form massive sponge grounds in the deep sea, where they dominate the ecosystems, driving their biogeochemical cycles. Here, we assess the microbial transcriptional profile of three different deep-sea HMA sponges in four locations of the Cantabrian Sea and compared them to shallow water HMA and LMA (low microbial abundance) sponge species. Our results reveal that the sponge microbiome has converged in a fundamental metabolic role for deep-sea sponges, independent of taxonomic relationships or geographic location, which is shared in broad terms with shallow HMA species. We also observed a large number of redundant microbial members performing the same functions, likely providing stability to the sponge inner ecosystem. A comparison between the community composition of our deep-sea sponges and another 39 species of HMA sponges from deep-sea and shallow habitats, belonging to the same taxonomic orders, suggested strong homogeneity in microbial composition (i.e. weak species-specificity) in deep sea species, which contrasts with that observed in shallow water counterparts. This convergence in microbiome composition and functionality underscores the adaptation to an extremely restrictive environment with the aim of exploiting the available resources.
Cryo-electron microscopy reveals the impact of the nucleosome dynamics on transcription activity
Authors: Arita Kyohei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The structural biology of nucleosomes and their complexes with chromatin-associated factors contributes to our understanding of fundamental biological processes in the genome. With the advent of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), several structures are emerging with histone variants, various species and chromatin-associated proteins that bind to nucleosomes. Cryo-EM enables visualization of the dynamic states of nucleosomes, leading to the accumulation of knowledge on chromatin-templated biology. The cryo-EM structure of nucleosome in Komagataella pastoris, as studied by Fukushima et al., provided the insights into transcription ability of RNAPII with nucleosome dynamics. In this commentary, we review the recent advances in the structural biology of nucleosomes and their related biomolecules.
Femoral neck width genetic risk score is a novel independent risk factor for hip fractures
Authors: Tobias Jonathan H , Nethander Maria , Faber Benjamin G , Heppenstall Sophie V , Ebsim Raja , Cootes Tim , Lindner Claudia , Saunders Fiona R , Gregory Jenny S , Aspden Richard M , Harvey Nicholas C , Kemp John P , Frysz Monika , Ohlsson Claes 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Femoral neck width (FNW) derived from DXA scans may provide a useful adjunct to hip fracture prediction. Therefore, we investigated whether FNW is related to hip fracture risk independently of femoral neck bone mineral density (FN-BMD), using a genetic approach. FNW was derived from points automatically placed on the proximal femur using hip DXA scans from 38 150 individuals (mean age 63.8 yr, 48.0% males) in UK Biobank (UKB). Genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 71 independent genome-wide significant FNW SNPs, comprising genes involved in cartilage differentiation, hedgehog, skeletal development, in contrast to SNPs identified by FN-BMD GWAS which primarily comprised runx1/Wnt signaling genes (MAGMA gene set analyses). FNW and FN-BMD SNPs were used to generate genetic instruments for multivariable Mendelian randomization. Greater genetically determined FNW increased risk of all hip fractures (odds ratio [OR] 1.53; 95% CI, 1.29–1.82 per SD increase) and femoral neck fractures (OR 1.58;1.30–1.92), but not trochanteric or forearm fractures. In contrast, greater genetically determined FN-BMD decreased fracture risk at all 4 sites. FNW and FN-BMD SNPs were also used to generate genetic risk scores (GRSs), which were examined in relation to incident hip fracture in UKB (excluding the FNW GWAS population; n = 338 742, 3222 cases) using a Cox proportional hazards model. FNW GRS was associated with increased risk of all incident hip fractures (HR 1.08;1.05–1.12) and femoral neck fractures (hazard ratio [HR] 1.10;1.06–1.15), but not trochanteric fractures, whereas FN-BMD GRS was associated with reduced risk of all hip fracture types. We conclude that the underlying biology regulating FNW and FN-BMD differs, and that DXA-derived FNW is causally related to hip fractures independently of FN-BMD, adding information beyond FN-BMD for hip fracture prediction. Hence, FNW derived from DXA analyses or a FNW GRS may contribute clinically useful information beyond FN-BMD for hip fracture prediction.
The European Climate Law: Strengthening EU Procedural Climate Governance?
Authors: Kulovesi Kati , Oberthür Sebastian , van Asselt Harro , Savaresi Annalisa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In 2021, the European Union (EU) adopted the so-called European Climate Law (ECL), enshrining in law the 2050 climate-neutrality objective and upgraded 2030 emission reduction target. The ECL bears the hallmarks of what we term ‘procedural climate governance’, which comprises the regulatory frameworks, instruments, institutions and processes that shape substantive climate policies and their implementation. This article identifies seven key functions of procedural climate governance—target-setting; planning; monitoring and evaluation; climate policy integration; scientific expert advice; access to justice; and public participation—and uses these for critically assessing the ECL. We argue that while the ECL has significantly strengthened important aspects of EU procedural climate governance, further reforms are needed for the EU to develop and implement the substantive policies towards a climate-neutral and climate-resilient economy and society and to bolster public support and ownership of the transition. The upcoming reviews of the ECL and the Governance Regulation provide a critical opportunity for strengthening procedural climate governance in the EU.
Rights-based Climate Litigation in Colombia: An Assessment of Claims, Remedies, and Implementation
Authors: de la Rosa Calderón María Daniela 
Published: January 2024

AbstractClimate litigation in Colombia is increasingly centred on fundamental and/or constitutional human rights. This note evaluates rights-based climate litigation in Colombia through the lens of five cases that protect ecosystems: the Atrato River, the Combeima River, and the Bruno River; the Amazon rainforest; and the Páramos ecosystem. First, the framing of cases is analysed. Second, the judges’ interpretations of the link between constitutional rights and climate change (if any), their reasoning, the scope of the remedies granted, and their intended impact are analysed. Relatedly, the note explores whether decisions that do not explicitly mention climate change can be considered climate cases as their remedies directly or indirectly affect climate change mitigation or adaptation. Finally, the note examines the status of compliance with or implementation of judicial remedies in climate cases.
Children, Religion and the Ethics of Influence: introduction to the symposium
Authors: Tillson John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
It is morally impermissible for parents, educators, and others to initiate children into religious belief systems. That is the provocative conclusion of John Tillson’s Children, Religion and the Ethics of Influence—the book which is the focus of the present symposium. This introduction briefly summarizes the book’s arguments together with the criticisms levelled against them. The symposium includes critiques by Matthew Clayton, Anca Gheaus, Michael Hand, David Lewin, and Ruth Wareham. Clayton and Wareham propose alternative bases for prohibiting religious initiation, whilst Hand, Lewin, and Gheaus propose conditions under which religious initiation may be permissible. The symposium concludes with a rejoinder by Tillson.
TIC 184 743 498: the first tri-axial stellar pulsator
Authors: Zhang Valencia , Rappaport Saul , Jayaraman Rahul , Kurtz Donald W , Handler Gerald , Fuller James , Borkovits Tamas 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
We have discovered a δ Scuti pulsator in a tight binary (P = 1.053 d) with nine pulsation modes whose frequencies are between 38 and 56 d−1. Each of these modes exhibits amplitude modulations and π-rad phase shifts twice per orbital cycle. Five of these modes exhibit amplitude and phase shifts that are readily explained by dipole pulsations along an axis that is aligned with the binary’s tidal axis. The novelty of the system lies in the remaining four pulsation modes, which we show are dipole pulsations along an axis that is perpendicular to both the tidal axis and the binary’s orbital angular momentum axis. There are additionally two pulsation modes whose amplitudes and phases do not change significantly with orbital phase; they are explained as dipole modes along an axis aligned with the orbital/rotation axis. Hence, we propose that TIC 184 743 498 is a tri-axial pulsator, the first of its kind.
Galaxies decomposition with spiral arms – II. A multiwavelength case study of M 51
Authors: Marchuk Alexander A , Chugunov Ilia V , Gontcharov George A , Mosenkov Aleksandr V , Il’in Vladimir B , Savchenko Sergey S , Smirnov Anton A , Poliakov Denis M , Seguine Jonah , Chazov Maxim I 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Spiral structure can contribute significantly to a galaxy’s luminosity. However, only rarely are proper photometric models of spiral arms used in decompositions. As we show in the previous work, including the spirals as a separate component in a photometric model of a galaxy would both allow to obtain their structural parameters, and reduce the systematic errors in estimating the parameters of other components. Doing so in different wavebands, one can explore how their properties vary with the wavelength. In this paper, second in this series, we perform decomposition of M 51 in 17 bands, from the far-ultraviolet (UV) to far-infrared, using imaging from the DustPedia project. We use the same 2D photometric model of spiral structure where each arm is modelled independently. The complex and asymmetric spiral structure in M 51 is reproduced relatively well with our model. We analyse the differences between models with and without spiral arms, and investigate how the fit parameters change with wavelength. In particular, we find that the spiral arms demonstrate the largest width in the optical, whereas their contribution to the galaxy luminosity is most significant in the UV. The disc central intensity drops by a factor of 1.25–3 and its exponential scale changes by 5–10 per cent when spiral arms are included, depending on wavelength. Taking into account the full light distribution across the arms, we do not observe the signs of a long-lived density wave in the spiral pattern of M 51 as a whole.
Identification of promoter activity in gene-less cassettes from Vibrionaceae superintegrons
Authors: Blanco Paula , Hipólito Alberto , García-Pastor Lucía , Trigo da Roza Filipa , Toribio-Celestino Laura , Ortega Alba Cristina , Vergara Ester , San Millán Álvaro , Escudero José Antonio 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Integrons are genetic platforms that acquire new genes encoded in integron cassettes (ICs), building arrays of adaptive functions. ICs generally encode promoterless genes, whose expression relies on the platform-associated Pc promoter, with the cassette array functioning as an operon-like structure regulated by the distance to the Pc. This is relevant in large sedentary chromosomal integrons (SCIs) carrying hundreds of ICs, like those in Vibrio species. We selected 29 gene-less cassettes in four Vibrio SCIs, and explored whether their function could be related to the transcription regulation of adjacent ICs. We show that most gene-less cassettes have promoter activity on the sense strand, enhancing the expression of downstream cassettes. Additionally, we identified the transcription start sites of gene-less ICs through 5′-RACE. Accordingly, we found that most of the superintegron in Vibrio cholerae is not silent. These promoter cassettes can trigger the expression of a silent dfrB9 cassette downstream, increasing trimethoprim resistance &gt;512-fold in V. cholerae and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, one cassette with an antisense promoter can reduce trimethoprim resistance when cloned downstream. Our findings highlight the regulatory role of gene-less cassettes in the expression of adjacent cassettes, emphasizing their significance in SCIs and their clinical importance if captured by mobile integrons.
Aberrant DNA repair reveals a vulnerability in histone H3.3-mutant brain tumors
Authors: Giacomini Giulia , Piquet Sandra , Chevallier Odile , Dabin Juliette , Bai Siau-Kun , Kim Byungjin , Siddaway Robert , Raught Brian , Coyaud Etienne , Shan Chun-Min , Reid Robert J D , Toda Takenori , Rothstein Rodney , Barra Viviana , Wilhelm Therese , Hamadat Sabah , Bertin Chloé , Crane Alexander , Dubois Frank , Forne Ignasi , Imhof Axel , Bandopadhayay Pratiti , Beroukhim Rameen , Naim Valeria , Jia Songtao , Hawkins Cynthia , Rondinelli Beatrice , Polo Sophie E 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) are devastating and incurable brain tumors with recurrent mutations in histone H3.3. These mutations promote oncogenesis by dysregulating gene expression through alterations of histone modifications. We identify aberrant DNA repair as an independent mechanism, which fosters genome instability in H3.3 mutant pHGG, and opens new therapeutic options. The two most frequent H3.3 mutations in pHGG, K27M and G34R, drive aberrant repair of replication-associated damage by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Aberrant NHEJ is mediated by the DNA repair enzyme polynucleotide kinase 3′-phosphatase (PNKP), which shows increased association with mutant H3.3 at damaged replication forks. PNKP sustains the proliferation of cells bearing H3.3 mutations, thus conferring a molecular vulnerability, specific to mutant cells, with potential for therapeutic targeting.