bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photochromic Copolymers Containing Bisthienylethene Units
Authors: Wang Sheng , Li Xiaochuan , Chen Bingzhi , Luo Qianfu , Tian He 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSummary: Two simple yet effective strategies (Wittig condensation reaction and radical polymerization) for the synthesis of photochromic copolymers containing bisthienylethene units are presented. A new family of photochromic copolymer containing bisthienylethene and fluorophores units in the main chains was synthesized by Wittig condensation reaction. Another novel photochromic copolymer with multi‐component photochromic pendent groups was prepared by radical polymerization. Photochromism of the copolymers was investigated in solid film and in solution.Photochromic copolymers containing bisthienylethene units.magnified imagePhotochromic copolymers containing bisthienylethene units.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Rapid Commun. 14/2004
Authors: Granville Anthony M. , Brittain William J. 
Published: July 2004

Cover: This graphic duplicates the photographs of the water droplets from the manuscript. At the bottom is a simplified representation of the proposed brush rearrangement. This simplified structure is color coded for the two different monomers and corresponds to the more exact chemical structure of the diblock copolymer brush that is given above the pictures.Further details can be found in the Communication by A. M. Granville and W. J. Brittain* on page 1298.
Quadrupole ion trap studies of fundamental organic reactions
Authors: Gronert Scott 
Published: July 2004

Abstract

I.
Introduction
000

II.
General Features of Ion Traps
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A.  Dynamic Range in Kinetics Measurements
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B.  Temperature
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C.  Trapping Windows
000

D.  MSn
000

E.  Reagent Gas Introduction
000

III.
Mechanistic Studies of Organic Systems
000

A.  Substitutions and Eliminations
000

B.  Carbonyl Addition Reactions
000

C.  Electrophilic Reaction Processes
000

D.  Chemical Ionization and Related Work
000

E.  Organometallic and Related Systems
000

F.  Miscellaneous Reactions
000

IV.
Concluding Remarks
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References
000

Over the past several decades, quadrupole ion traps have become important instruments in the study of gas phase ion/molecule reactions. As a part of this work, they have been employed in a number of studies focused on fundamental organic reaction mechanisms. In this review, the general features and limitations of quadrupole ion traps are discussed followed by a description of representative ion trap studies of organic reaction mechanisms such as substitution, elimination, and acyl transfer reactions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new member of the hypothalamic RF‐amide peptide family, LPXRF‐amide peptides: Structure, localization, and function
Authors: Ukena Kazuyoshi , Tsutsui Kazuyoshi 
Published: July 2004

AbstractRecently, we identified a novel hypothalamic neuropeptide with a C‐terminal LPLRF‐amide sequence in the quail brain. This avian neuropeptide was shown to inhibit gonadotropin release from the cultured anterior pituitary. This peptide is the first hypothalamic peptide that inhibited gonadotropin release reported in vertebrates. We, therefore, termed it gonadotropin‐inhibitory hormone (GnIH). After this finding, we found that GnIH‐related peptides were present in the brains of other vertebrates, such as mammals, amphibians, and fish. These GnIH‐related peptides possessed a LPXRF‐amide (X = L or Q) motif at their C‐termini in all investigated animals. Mass spectrometric analyses combined with immunoaffinity chromatography were powerful techniques for the identification of mature endogenous LPXRF‐amide peptides. The identified LPXRF‐amide peptides were found to be localized in the hypothalamus and brainstem areas, and to regulate pituitary hormone release. Subsequently, cDNAs that encode LPXRF‐amide peptides were characterized in vertebrate brains. In this review, we summarize the identification, localization, and function of a new member of the hypothalamic RF‐amide peptide family, LPXRF‐amide peptides in vertebrates. Recent studies on the receptors for LPXRF‐amide peptides will also be reviewed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 24:469–486, 2005
Improving kp Data Originating From Higher Order PLP‐SEC Peaks
Authors: Kornherr Andreas , Olaj Oskar Friedrich , Schnöll‐Bitai Irene , Zifferer Gerhard 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSummary: Based on certain features, especially the width of the so‐called extra peaks in the simulated chain length distribution (CLD) of polymers prepared by pulsed laser polymerization (PLP), it is calculated by which factor the positions of the higher order points of inflections and maxima deviate from the theoretical L0 data that are to be used for the evaluation of kp. These corrections, which can be put into the form of master equations, are for slightly chain length dependent termination by disproportionation or combination and cover a wide range of chain lengths and primary radical production and a reasonable range of axial dispersion σad,k, caused by the chromatographic device used in the evaluation of the chain length distribution. They can be applied either to the point of inflection on the low molecular weight side of the extra peaks as well as to the peak maximum. For usual extents of column broadening (σad,k ≈ 0.05) the mean error that is about 7% for uncorrected data from second order points of inflection is reduced to the order of 1.5% even if no assumption concerning the mode of termination is made. The situation is a little less satisfactory for the correction of the positions of the second order peak maxima. Third order peak data are a priori less falsified and yield still better results after correction. Thus the proper treatment of higher order peaks helps to extend the range of chain lengths for which highly reliable kp data can be gained from PLP experiments followed by chromatographic analysis.Plots of l/(nL0) versus lg(L0) obtained from first order (circles), second order (triangles) and third order (squares) peaks showing uncorrected values in the left diagram and corrected values using correction functions X in the right one, both calculated for σad,k = 0.05. (+) and (×) represent ill‐defined peaks.imagePlots of l/(nL0) versus lg(L0) obtained from first order (circles), second order (triangles) and third order (squares) peaks showing uncorrected values in the left diagram and corrected values using correction functions X in the right one, both calculated for σad,k = 0.05. (+) and (×) represent ill‐defined peaks.
Nitric oxide modulation of early angiogenesis
Authors: Isenberg J. Scott 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAngiogenesis is the process of new vessel formation from an existing vasculature network. In all but a few circumstances it is tightly controlled and suppressed. Precise understanding of the factors involved in modulation of angiogenesis has significant potential clinical value. One agent believed to play a role in angiogenesis is nitric oxide. However, there remain substantial uncertainties concerning the specifics of this role. The present study was undertaken to better define the role nitric oxide plays in angiogenesis associated with acute wound healing. Muscle biopsies from the pectoralis major of C57B6 mice were embedded in 500 μl of type I collagen matrix, and incubated in the presence of growth medium for 14 days. Treatment wells received L‐Arginine (2 mM), L‐NAME (300 μM), or SNAP (10–20 μM). Angiogenic response was quantified as the measure of cell migration through the matrix and as the total cells recovered from the matrix. Whole lung specimens and aortic segments served as sources of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells respectively for proliferation studies under similar treatment conditions. Nitric oxide was found to exert either a stimulatory or inhibitory effect on angiogenesis and cell proliferation that was subject to the assay system and specific vascular cell types present. These results suggest that the role of nitric oxide in angiogenesis is context dependent. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 24:1–7 2004.
Oromandibular reconstruction with vascularized free flaps: A review of 50 cases
Authors: Gabr E.M. , Kobayashi M.R. , Salibian A.H. , Armstrong W.B. , Sundine M. , Calvert J.W. , Evans G.R.D. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFifty cases of oromandibular reconstruction using vascularized free flaps to evaluate functional parameters of results were evaluated. There were 23 iliac crest flaps, 17 fibula flaps, 30 ulnar forearm flaps, and 3 radial forearm flaps with bone. Thirteen female and 37 male patients comprised the study, with a mean age of 57.66 years. Squamous‐cell carcinoma (SCC) constituted 86% of cases, of which 60% were T4 lesions and 13.9% were recurrent. Anterolateral mandibular defects constituted 48.7%, and the mean bone gap was 8.13 cm. Functional evaluation was based on the University of Washington Questionnaire (UWQ) through phone calls and personal communication. The mean hospital stay was 12.42 days. The external carotid (75%) and facial (18.3%) were the main recipient arteries. The internal jugular (47.05%) was the main recipient vein. Overall flap survival was 95.9%. Three flaps were lost due to unsalvageable venous thrombosis. Major local complications such as partial flap loss, hematoma, and orocervical fistula constituted 10% of cases. Speech was classified as “excellent” and “good” in 43.3% of cases. Swallowing was identified as “excellent” and “good” in 53.3% of cases. Cosmetic acceptance was rated “good” in 63.3% of cases. Vascularized free flap reconstruction of oromandibular defects provides excellent functional and aesthetic results. The majority of patients are able to tolerate a regular diet. Intelligible speech and acceptable appearance are restored, providing patient satisfaction. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 24:1–4 2004.
Application of data‐compressing technique to far field pattern prediction in FDTD simulation
Authors: Wang Sicong , Zhou Baixin , Yu Wenhua 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe data‐compressing technique, which has been broadly used in signal processing, is employed to efficiently predict the far‐field pattern in a finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulation. In this paper, we present a technique by which we compress the data of a surface‐field distribution on the surface of a Huygens' box and save it in a compressed file format that is much smaller than its original size. The far‐field pattern is predicted by using the reconstructed data in the time domain through the near‐to‐far‐field transformation module. A patch antenna is employed to validate the proposed scheme. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 437–441, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20329
A new integrated match for CPW‐FED slot antennas
Authors: Perruisseau‐Carrier Julien , Llorens del Río Daniel , Mosig Juan R. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA new, compact way to match slot antennas to a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed is presented. In addition to its advantages of flexibility, reduced size, and increased bandwidth, a good analytical approximation of the matched antenna behavior is possible. An equivalent circuit and procedures for its design are presented. A set of T‐matched antennas has been built and measured at the S‐band. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 444–448, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20331
Cross‐polarization suppression of dual‐polarization linear microstrip antenna arrays
Authors: Liang Xian‐Ling , Zhong Shun‐Shi , Wang Wei 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe cross‐polarization suppression of dual‐polarization linear microstrip antenna arrays is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Four designs of 4‐element linear microstrip antenna arrays for suppressing cross‐polarization are presented by using the pair‐wise anti‐phase feeding technique and different combinations. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental ones. The experimental results show that one design (design D) has much lower cross‐polarization level (about 6–10 dB) and higher isolation (about 2–4 dB) than the other three designs. The cross‐polarization level of this array is less than −27 dB and the isolation between two polarization ports is better than 34 dB in the entire frequency range of 8.74–9.5 GHz. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 448–451, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20332
Optimization of planar diamond antenna for single‐band and multiband UWB wireless communications
Authors: Wu Xuan Hui , Chen Zhi Ning , Yang Ning 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA planar diamond antenna is optimized for UWB wireless communications. The optimal design guarantees a flat |S21| response over the UWB band for a corresponding transmitting/receiving antenna system. By revealing the reasons underlying an uneven |S21| response, this paper presents an approach for optimal design. In addition, the antenna performances for both single‐band and multiband schemes are also investigated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 451–455, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20333
A Ka‐band PHEMT diode double‐balanced star mixer MMIC
Authors: Huang C. W. , Chang S. J. , Wu W. , Wu C. L. , Chang C. S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis paper describes the design and measurement of a double‐balanced monolithic star mixer using a double planar baluns with a Marchand section followed by a coupled‐line structure. The microwave and millimeter‐wave integrated circuits (MMICs) are fabricated on commercially available InGaAs/AlGaAs pseudomorphic high‐electron‐mobility transistor (PHEMT) processes with a chip size of 1.43 × 1.28 mm2. The typical up‐conversion loss is 7 dB with an LO‐to‐RF isolation better than 28 dB. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 455–458, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20334
Measurement of complex permittivity and permeability of carbonyl iron powders at microwave frequencies
Authors: Wang Yong , Afsar Mohammed N. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractExperimental results of the complex permittivity and permeability of carbonyl iron powders are presented. It is found that the complex permeability of these samples is quite similar due to the high content of iron while the complex permittivity of the samples is significantly different for various contents of the samples. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 458–459, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20335
Ultra‐wideband square planar monopole antenna for IEEE 802.16a operation in the 2–11‐GHz band
Authors: Su Saou‐Wen , Wong Kin‐Lu , Tang Chia‐Lun 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA new square planar monopole antenna capable of providing a very wide impedance bandwidth of larger than 10 GHz is presented. The ultra‐wideband property for the proposed antenna is achieved by using a new impedance‐matching technique of cutting a pair of notches at the two lower corners of the square planar monopole. With suitable dimensions of the notches chosen, the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna can be greatly enhanced to be larger than four times that of a corresponding simple square planar monopole antenna (about 10.7 versus 2.5 GHz in this study). A constructed prototype with an ultra‐wideband property covering the 2–11‐GHz band for IEEE 802.16a operation is presented and discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 463–466, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20337
An unsplit Berenger‐like PML for the ADI‐FDTD method
Authors: Godoy Rubio R. , González García S. , Rubio Bretones A. , Gómez Martín R. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we systematically obtain an unsplit form of Berenger's PML equations using the alternating‐direction‐implicit finite‐difference time‐domain (ADI‐FDTD) method to prevent some instabilities from appearing in the split‐form implementation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 466–469, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20338
Exploration of a thin YIG film‐based coplanar isolator
Authors: Capraro S. , Boudiar T. , Rouiller T. , Chatelon J. P. , Bayard B. , Le Berre M. , Payet‐Gervy B. , Blanc‐Mignon M. F. , Rousseau J. J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we present the experimental results of a coplanar isolator made on both bulk YIG and thin‐film YIG. An external field has been applied on this device and we observe the amplitude of the nonreciprocal effect, which is between 1.8 and 6.2 dB for a resonance frequency of 3.3 and 6.9 GHz for bulk YIG and a nonreciprocal effect of 0.3 dB at 9 GHz for 2.5‐μm YIG thin films. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 470–471, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20339
Van Atta retro‐directive slot‐antenna array on cylindrical laminate
Authors: Christodoulou Michael G. , Notis Dimitrios T. , Chrissoulidis Dimitrios P. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA Van Atta, retro‐directive, slot‐antenna array on a cylindrical laminate is designed for use at 3.25 GHz. The array comprises four slots in a line, engraved on the front side of the laminate; the interconnecting microstrip feed lines are on the backside. Radiation patterns of the array are determined by FDTD calculations as well as measurements. The monostatic RCS of the array, compared to an all‐copper surface of the same size and shape as the cylindrical laminate, can be enhanced by 5 to 20 dB if the polar angle of the backscattering direction is in the range 20°–55°. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 471–474, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20340
Temperature compensation for micro‐vibration sensor with fiber gratings
Authors: Dong Xingfa , Huang Yonglin , Lang Kewei , Zhang Weigang , Kai Guiyun , Dong Xiaoyi 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA technique for temperature compensation in fiber grating vibration sensor is reported. It uses two FBGs as strain‐differential sensors and its temperature effects are compensated. By using this technique, the total variation in wavelength difference within the range of 3° to 45°C is 0.03 nm, 1/14 of the uncompensated fiber Bragg grating. The output waveform is still distortionless at the vibration frequency up to 715 Hz. The factors affecting the sensitivity and the frequency bandwidth are also discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 474–476, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20341
A planar DTV receiving antenna for laptop applications
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Lin Chun‐I , Wu Tzuenn‐Yih , Lai Jeng‐Wen 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA novel low‐profile planar metal‐plate monopole antenna suitable for digital television (DTV) signal reception in the UHF band for laptops or portable computers is presented. The proposed antenna is a tab‐shaped planar monopole with a low profile of 46 mm (about 9% of the wavelength at 600 MHz) and shows a wide operating bandwidth (2.5:1 VSWR) of 262 MHz (larger than 40% centered at about 600 MHz). When in operation, the proposed antenna protrudes from the top edge of the supporting metal frame of the laptop display. When not in operation, owing to its planar structure, the proposed antenna is suitable to be retracted back inside the laptop casing behind the display. The proposed antenna is implemented and studied. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 483–486, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20344
Fiber‐optic Fabry‐Perot interferometric gas‐pressure sensors embedded in pressure fittings
Authors: Xiao Gao Zhi , Adnet Audrey , Zhang Zhiyi , Lu Zhenguo , Grover Chander P. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn this paper, gas pressure sensors embedded in high‐pressure fittings are developed. The sensors are based on Fabry–Perot interferometry and can be used to precisely monitor the gas‐pressure change. In this paper, we discuss the operating principle of the developed sensors and present some results of their applications in the pressure monitoring of nitrogen gas. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 486–489, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20345
Optimum compact H‐ and E‐plane corners in rectangular waveguide
Authors: Casanueva Alicia , Pereda José A. , Mediavilla Angél 
Published: July 2004

AbstractH‐ and E‐plane corners in rectangular waveguide are widely used in microwave systems. An important aspect in the design of these components is to maintain a specified return loss over a wide‐frequency band. Designs that are compact in size are also required to fulfill space and insertion‐loss restrictions. In this paper, two families of compact matched corners are considered: the multistepped and multimitered compact matched corners. Optimum physical dimensions that minimize return losses over the full‐frequency band are given for the first three members of each family, for the H‐ and E‐plane cases. In addition, a yield analysis of the optimum structures is included. The results are obtained by using the electromagnetic commercial simulator μWave Wizard. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 494–497, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20347
Asymmetric core photonic‐crystal fibers with high birefringence
Authors: Zhao Chun‐Liu , Lu Chao , Zhou Xiaoqun , Yang Xiufeng , Chaudhuri Partha Roy , Wang Xiaoyan , Lou Junjun , Qin Li , Qing Cai 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe demonstrate a highly birefringent photonic‐crystal fiber by utilizing combined asymmetric core design and intentional stress‐induced anisotropy. Based on spectral measurements of the polarization‐mode interference, we measure that the fiber has a beat length of about 0.33 mm at 1545 nm. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 498–500, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20348
Dielectric properties of human urine at microwave frequencies
Authors: Lonappan Anil , Hamsakkutty V. , Bindu G. , Jacob Joe , Thomas Vinu , Mathew K. T. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractMicrowave technology plays a key role in diagnostic and therapeutic medicine. This paper presents a comprehensive study of dielectric properties of urine collected at different intervals of time at microwave frequencies. Measurement is done using cavity perturbation technique at the S‐band of microwave frequency. Urine samples are collected from normal as well as persons with diabetes mellitus and the reported results provide an alternative in‐vitro method of diagnosing diabetes mellitus. The same samples are subjected to investigations in the clinical laboratory for quantitative analysis. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 500–503, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20349