bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cetyldimethylbetaine Molecules on Agglomeration and Growth of Ice
Authors: Modak Poly R , Usui Hiromoto , Suzuki Hiroshi , Inada Takaaki 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Certain surfactants with suitable brine, such as cetyldimethylbetaine with sorbitol, can inhibit agglomeration of ice particles and thus help disperse ice particles in ice/water slurries, and simultaneously reduce the drag of the slurry in pipes. In this study, the amount of cetyldimethylbetaine (surfactant) molecules remaining in the liquid phase of ice/water slurries was measured, and on the basis of these measurements, models explaining how cetyldimethylbetaine molecules affect ice to inhibit agglomeration of ice particles were proposed.
A cloud scheme for data assimilation: Description and initial tests
Authors: Tompkins A. M. , Janisková M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA new cloud scheme has been developed specifically for the purposes of variational data assimilation, a task complicated by the inherent nonlinearity of many cloud processes. The aim was to retain the most important features of the ECMWF nonlinear cloud scheme, while removing much of the complexity and as many of the discrete transitions as possible. The scheme thus retains a simplified link to convective detrainment, and uses a similar formulation for the production of precipitation. A flexible statistical cloud scheme approach is used, where the diagnosis of stratiform cloud fraction and condensate amount depend on assumptions concerning subgrid‐scale fluctuations. A novel aspect of the new scheme is the treatment of precipitation evaporation that specifically takes this subgrid distribution of humidity variability into account.The scheme is tested by comparing physical tendencies of thermodynamical quantities, calculated for a series of input temperature and humidity profiles, to those produced by the complex prognostic cloud scheme used in the forecast model. Additionally, a series of model integrations are performed, with the full prognostic scheme used in operational forecasts replaced by the new scheme described here. In both cases, using the prognostic scheme as a metric, the new scheme improves on the current assimilation cloud scheme for many attributes such as cloud cover and ice water content, both in the tropics and midlatitudes. In particular the new diagnostic scheme addresses the overriding weakness of the current diagnostic scheme which produces almost no precipitation in the tropics.Tangent‐linear (TL) and adjoint versions of the new scheme have been constructed and it is demonstrated that the scheme can successfully and robustly perform TL integrations for a 12‐hour window, and significantly improves the TL approximation of the simplified linearized model to finite difference calculations using the full nonlinear forecast model. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Is epidural anaesthesia acceptable at total hip arthroplasty?
Authors: Macdowell A. D. , Robinson A. H. N. , Hill D. J. , Villar R. N. 
Published: November 2004

Epidural anaesthesia, with and without opiate, is widely used in total hip arthroplasty (THA). It may cause urinary retention, leading to catheterisation, and a subsequent increase in the likelihood of deep infection. We investigated prospectively the rate of urinary catheterisation in patients after THA performed under general anaesthesia, with or without peri-operative fentanyl and bupivacaine opiate epidural anaesthesia. Of 173 patients, 75 received general anaesthesia alone and 98 both general and epidural management. The post-operative rate of catheterisation was 14.7% in those who received general anaesthesia alone and 13.3% in those who received both. Our findings suggest that the rate of post-operative urinary catheterisation does not increase when general anaesthesia is supplemented by epidural anaesthesia using fentanyl and bupivicaine.
Surgical treatment of post-traumatic stiffness of the elbow
Authors: Park M. J. , Kim H. G. , Lee J. Y. 
Published: November 2004

Surgical release of the elbow was performed in 27 patients with post-traumatic stiffness at a mean of 14.5 months after the initial injury. The outcome was related to whether there had been heterotopic ossification, which had occurred in 18 elbows and to whether, if there had been a fracture, it had involved the articular surface, which had occurred in 13 elbows. The final range of movement and the ratio of desired gain in each group were compared at a mean follow-up period of 22.5 months (12 to 43). The arc of movement of the elbow improved in all patients after the operation. The mean final arc was 110° in those with heterotopic ossification and 86° in those without (p = 0.001). The ratios of desired gain were significantly higher in patients with heterotopic ossification (88.2% vs 54.9%; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in relation to involvement of the articular surface. Careful assessment of the cause of stiffness is important in order to achieve a satisfactory result from surgery for post-traumatic stiffness of the elbow.
Hydrogenation of unsaturated rubbers using diimide as a reducing agent
Authors: Samran J. , Phinyocheep P. , Daniel P. , Kittipoom S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe hydrogenation of natural rubber (NR) and various epoxidized natural rubbers (ENR) was investigated by using diimide generated in situ from the thermal decomposition of p‐toluenesulfonylhydrazide (TSH) in o‐xylene solution at 135°C. 1H‐NMR analysis indicated that approximately 85–95% of hydrogenation was performed with a twofold excess of TSH. FT‐IR and Raman spectroscopy were employed to confirm the microstructure characteristics of the hydrogenated rubbers. The cis–trans isomerization was also observed by 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR. The signal in 1H‐NMR of the epoxide group of the ENR disappears after hydrogenation while the signal of the opened epoxide ring product was detected. This may be due to the epoxide ring opening reaction caused by the p‐toluenesulfinic acid by‐product. The high temperature of the reaction condition leads to chain degradation in both NR and ENR. Thermal behaviors of the hydrogenated rubbers characterized by differential scanning calorimetry showed that the glass transition temperatures of the hydrogenated rubbers were increased about 10–20°C compared with the starting rubbers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 16–27, 2005
Dynamically vulcanized blends of oil‐resistant elastomers with HNBR
Authors: Severe Geralda , White James L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDynamic vulcanizates were produced from hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) and three different oil‐resistant elastomers. These are polychloroprene (CR), expoxidized natural rubber (EIR), and carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR). These elastomers are dispersed and crosslinked during mixing with HNBR. These dynamic vulcanizates all have an HNBR continuous phase. The HNBR matrix is subsequently crosslinked. Stress–strain measurements in tension and tear resistance were measured on the crosslinked dynamic vulcanizates as well as on cured HNBR, CR, EIR, and XNBR. Measurements were also made following hot air and oil aging. Following aging, the dynamic vulcanizates retain a significant amount of their properties due to the presence of the HNBR matrix. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 2–5, 2005
A probabilistic similarity metric for Medline records: A model for author name disambiguation
Authors: Torvik Vetle I. , Weeber Marc , Swanson Don R. , Smalheiser Neil R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe present a model for estimating the probability that a pair of author names (sharing last name and first initial), appearing on two different Medline articles, refer to the same individual. The model uses a simple yet powerful similarity profile between a pair of articles, based on title, journal name, coauthor names, medical subject headings (MeSH), language, affiliation, and name attributes (prevalence in the literature, middle initial, and suffix). The similarity profile distribution is computed from reference sets consisting of pairs of articles containing almost exclusively author matches versus nonmatches, generated in an unbiased manner. Although the match set is generated automatically and might contain a small proportion of nonmatches, the model is quite robust against contamination with nonmatches. We have created a free, public service (“Author‐ity”: http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu) that takes as input an author's name given on a specific article, and gives as output a list of all articles with that (last name, first initial) ranked by decreasing similarity, with match probability indicated.
A molecular dynamics study of acylphosphatase in aggregation‐promoting conditions: The influence of trifluoroethanol/water solvent
Authors: Flöck Dagmar , Daidone Isabella , Di Nola Alfredo 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe 98‐residue protein acylphosphatase exhibits a high propensity for aggregation under certain conditions. Aggregates formed from wild‐type acylphosphatase in the presence of 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol and from highly destabilized mutants are essentially identical in structure. Furthermore, it has been shown by mutational studies that different regions of the protein are important for aggregation and folding. In the present molecular dynamics study, we compare the behavior of the protein in aqueous solution and in a 25 % (v/v) 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol/water environment mimicking the experimental conditions. The 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol surrounding affects the structure of the protein mostly in the regions important for aggregation, in good agreement with experimental data. This suggests that the early step of (partly) unfolding, which precedes the aggregation process, has been observed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
Ultrafine hydrogel fibers with dual temperature‐ and pH‐responsive swelling behaviors
Authors: Chen Hong , Hsieh You‐Lo 
Published: November 2004

AbstractUltrafine hydrogel fibers that were responsive to both temperature and pH signals were prepared through the electrospinning of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and poly(acrylic acid) mixtures in dimethylformamide. Both the diameters (700 nm to 1.2 μm) and packing of the fibers could be controlled through changes in the polymer compositions and PNIPAAm molecular weights. These fibers were rendered water‐insoluble by the addition of either Na2HPO4 or poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to the solution, followed by the heat curing of the fibers. The fibers crosslinked with Na2HPO4 swelled to 30–120 times in water; this was significantly higher than the swelling of those crosslinked with PVA. The PVA‐crosslinked hydrogel fibers, however, exhibited faster swelling kinetics; that is, they reached equilibrium swelling in less than 5 min at 25 °C. They were also more stable after 1 week of water exposure; that is, they lost less mass and retained their fibrous form better. All the hydrogel fibers showed a drastic increase in the swelling between pH 4 and 5. The PVA‐crosslinked hydrogel fibers exhibited distinct temperature‐responsive phase‐transition behavior of PNIPAAm, whereas the Na2HPO4‐crosslinked hydrogel fibers showed altered two‐stage phase transitions that reflected side‐chain modification of PNIPAAm. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 6331–6339, 2004
Mode of delivery for vertex–nonvertex twin gestations
Authors: Usta I.M. , Rechdan J.B. , Khalil A.M. , Nassar A.H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the neonatal outcome of vaginally delivered (VD) to that of abdominally delivered (CS) vertex–nonvertex (Vx/NVx) twins.MethodsVx/NVx live nonanomalous twin gestations ≥25 weeks delivered from 1984 to 2000 were divided into two groups: VD (N=138), and CS (N=79). The outcome of the second twin was compared.ResultsThe vaginal delivery rate for the Vx/NVx twins was 63.6%. The median Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min, respectively, were significantly lower in VD [7 (0–9) and 9 (1–10)] compared to CS [8 (2–10) and 9 (2–10)]. The neonatal mortality was also higher in VD (109/1000 vs. 38/1000, p=0.040). Differences in the 1‐min Apgar scores persisted when infants <1500 g were excluded. All other neonatal outcome variables studied including respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, trauma, seizures, and length of nursery stay were similar. On logistic regression analysis, vaginal delivery of Vx/NVx twins marginally increased low 5‐min Apgar scores and neonatal deaths.ConclusionVaginal delivery in vertex–nonvertex twins was achieved in 63.6% of cases at the expense of a higher incidence of low 1‐ and 5‐min Apgar scores and neonatal death.
Tocolysis in term breech external cephalic version
Authors: Nor Azlin M.I. , Haliza H. , Mahdy Z.A. , Anson I. , Fahya M.N. , Jamil M.A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjectivesTo study the effect of ritodrine tocolysis on the success of external cephalic version (ECV) and to assess the role of ECV in breech presentation at our centre.Material and methodsA prospective randomized double‐blind‐controlled trial comparing ritodrine and placebo in ECV of singleton term breech pregnancy at a tertiary hospital.ResultsAmong the 60 patients who were recruited, there was a success rate of 36.7%. Ritodrine tocolysis significantly improved the success rate of ECV (50% vs. 23%; P=0.032). There was a marked effect of ritodrine tocolysis on the ECV success in nulliparae (36.4% vs. 13.0%) and multiparae (87.5% vs. 57.1%). External cephalic version has shown to reduce the rate of cesarean section for breech presentation by 33.5% in our unit.ConclusionExternal cephalic version significantly reduced the rate of cesarean section in breech presentation, and ritodrine tocolysis improved the success of ECV and should be offered to both nulliparous and parous women in the case of term breech presentation.
The SBW–MATLAB interface
Authors: Wellock Cameron , Chickarmane Vijay , Sauro Herbert M. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Summary: The SBW–MATLAB Interface allows MATLAB users to take advantage of the wide variety of tools available through SBW, the Systems Biology Workbench (Sauro et al. (2003) OMICS, 7, 355–372). It also enables MATLAB users to themselves create SBW-enabled tools which can be freely distributed.
Availability: The software is available for download from the author's web page at http://www.public.kgi.edu/~cwellock/. Source code is available as well; the software is released under an MIT (open-source) license.
Contact: cwellock@kgi.edu
Between Strangeness and Familiarity: Towards Gadamer's Conception of Effective History
Authors: Gander Hans-Helmuth 
Published: November 2004

This essay seeks to examine the relation between selfhood and history through Gadamer's conception of hermeneutical experience, one of the cornerstones of his theory of effective history in
Truth and Method
. By setting Gadamer's project into relation with those of Heidegger and Hegel, my primary focus is to demonstrate how effective history, in its emphasis upon the finite, the partial, and the fragmented, actually turns these seeming deficiencies into advantages for human self-understanding in the current theoretical climate of plurality and diversity. I argue that the dialectical model of the relationship between self and tradition given by Gadamer serves to reveal our human limitations, and thereby allows us a space in which self-determination can be carried out through an effective-historical consciousness that avoids the pitfalls of subject-centered, all-encompassing, unified theories of history, on the one hand, and scientifically unselfconscious, ahistorical approaches to selfhood, on the other. The essay closes with an application of effective-historical consciousness to the tradition of post-holocaust German theater, where hermeneutical experience functions to provide resources for Jewish self-determination through the same tradition that had formerly excluded them.
Ethicality in Negotiation: An Analysis of Attitudes, Intentions, and Outcomes
Authors: Volkema Roger , Hofmeister-Toth Agnes , Fleck Denise 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe study reported in this article examines the prediction and use of invalid information (e.g., exaggerated offers, false promises, misrepresented facts) in a two-party, property leasing negotiation in which participants from different countries negotiated seven issues via electronic mail. Prior to negotiating, attitudes and intentions towards questionable or unethical tactics were measured, and perceived behavior was measured through a post-negotiation questionnaire and compared with actual behavior and negotiated outcomes (differential and joint). The results suggest that the pre-negotiation questionnaire was a modest predictor of actual behavior, with general attitudes effective in predicting general behavior. Ethical behavior of the negotiator, ethical behavior of the other party, and perceived honesty of the other party were the best predictors of performance (perceived and actual), while likely use of unethical tactics and perceived honesty of the other party predicted whether or not an agreement was reached.
The Effect of Dutch and German Culture on Negotiation Strategy: An Exploratory Study to Compare Innovation and Operations Contexts
Authors: Ulijn Jan , Wynstra Finn , Lincke Andreas 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDifferent business settings may induce different types of negotiation behavior. More specifically, clearly defined problems in an operations management (OM) setting may lead to different negotiation behavior than more diffuse innovation management (IM) problems. In addition, negotiators from different national cultures may react differently to such variations in business settings. This article addresses these issues through a set of experiments. The specific goal of our study is to understand whether there is a difference between German and Dutch negotiators regarding their negotiation behavior in IM and OM settings. To analyze possible cross-cultural differences, negotiations that took place in a German monocultural setting and those which occurred in a Dutch monocultural setting are compared. Two hypotheses were tested: • German negotiators are more cooperative in the OM context than in the IM context. • Dutch negotiators are more cooperative in the IM context than in the OM context. Both hypotheses were confirmed by using speech act analysis and personal pronoun analysis in a 2 × 2 experimental design. Dutch negotiators had difficulties adopting a cooperative attitude and building empathy in an OM context, whereas German negotiators encountered these problems in the IM setting.
Models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Groneberg David A , Chung K Fan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health problem and is predicted to become the third most common cause of death by 2020. Apart from the important preventive steps of smoking cessation, there are no other specific treatments for COPD that are as effective in reversing the condition, and therefore there is a need to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms that could lead to new therapeutic strategies. The development of experimental models will help to dissect these mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level. COPD is a disease characterized by progressive airflow obstruction of the peripheral airways, associated with lung inflammation, emphysema and mucus hypersecretion. Different approaches to mimic COPD have been developed but are limited in comparison to models of allergic asthma. COPD models usually do not mimic the major features of human COPD and are commonly based on the induction of COPD-like lesions in the lungs and airways using noxious inhalants such as tobacco smoke, nitrogen dioxide, or sulfur dioxide. Depending on the duration and intensity of exposure, these noxious stimuli induce signs of chronic inflammation and airway remodelling. Emphysema can be achieved by combining such exposure with instillation of tissue-degrading enzymes. Other approaches are based on genetically-targeted mice which develop COPD-like lesions with emphysema, and such mice provide deep insights into pathophysiological mechanisms. Future approaches should aim to mimic irreversible airflow obstruction, associated with cough and sputum production, with the possibility of inducing exacerbations.
Snoring in primary school children and domestic environment: A Perth school based study
Authors: Zhang Guicheng , Spickett Jeffery , Rumchev Krassi , Lee Andy H , Stick Stephen 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Background
The home is the predominant environment for exposure to many environmental irritants such as air pollutants and allergens. Exposure to common indoor irritants including volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide, may increase the risk of snoring for children. The aim of this study was to investigate domestic environmental factors associated with snoring in children.

Methods
A school-based respiratory survey was administered during March and April of 2002. Nine hundred and ninety six children from four primary schools within the Perth metropolitan area were recruited for the study. A sub-group of 88 children aged 4–6 years were further selected from this sample for domestic air pollutant assessment.

Results
The prevalences of infrequent snoring and habitual snoring in primary school children were 24.9% and 15.2% respectively. Passive smoking was found to be a significant risk factor for habitual snoring (odds ratio (OR) = 1.77; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20–2.61), while having pets at home appeared to be protective against habitual snoring (OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.37–0.92). Domestic pollutant assessments showed that the prevalence of snoring was significantly associated with exposure to nitrogen dioxide during winter. Relative to the low exposure category (<30 μg/m3), the adjusted ORs of snoring by children with medium (30 – 60 μg/m3) and high exposures (> 60 μg/m3) to NO2 were 2.5 (95% CI: 0.7–8.7) and 4.5 (95% CI: 1.4–14.3) respectively. The corresponding linear dose-response trend was also significant (P = 0.011).

Conclusion
Snoring is common in primary school children. Domestic environments may play a significant role in the increased prevalence of snoring. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide in domestic environment is associated with snoring in children.