bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organization Ethics in Health Care
Authors: Spencer Edward M , Mills Ann E , Rorty Mary V , Werhane Patricia H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ethical aspects of the operation of healthcare organizations (HCOs) are central to the delivery of health care. Organization Ethics in Health Care begins by assessing the shortcomings of clinical ethics, business ethics, and professional ethics as a basis for solving problems that have emerged in healthcare delivery systems since the advent of managed care. The text focuses on the meaning of the developent of the HCO in our society and what its present status is. The authors point out that moral parameters endorsed by society have guided previous shifts in the relationships among important HCO stakeholders, but that these parameters have been unclear or missing altogether during the past tumultous decade. Finally, they describe the key elements for the successful implementation of a fully functioning healthcare organization ethics program and what it can mean to the institution, its associated clinicians and employees, its patients, and its community. Moving from theory to practical application, this book will serve as an excellent student text, a professional guide, and a reference work.
New York Strategy: The New York Woman’s Movement and the Civil War
Authors: Dudden Faye 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The traditional story of woman suffrage has been shaped by the assumption that women had to win the vote before they could hope to exercise political power or influence. In this account, the Civil War figured as a mere hiatus in women’s activism or at best a prelude to the flurry of suffrage agitation that marked the Reconstruction era. During the war, it was argued, women’s rights activists, who had hitherto shunned formal organization, learned its value through an organization called the Women’s Loyal National League (WLNL) through which they mounted a massive petition campaign for the final abolition of slavery in the Thirteenth Amendment. At the end of the war, emancipation accomplished, these abolitionist women sought recompense for their patriotic labors in the form of woman suffrage. But the women were, in Eleanor Flexner’s words, “so inexperienced in politics” that they failed to realize that in the 1860s woman suffrage was “far ahead of practical poIitical possibilities.”
Pioneers at the Polls: Woman Suffrage in the West
Authors: Edwards Rebecca 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the United States, the achievement of woman suffrage began on the frontier. The first territories and states to grant women full voting rights were Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, and Idaho. Seven of the next eight states that did so were also west of the Mississippi. Before the Nineteenth Amendment passed, giving all American women the ballot, most western states had already passed referenda or amendments, as had the territory of Alaska. The pattern was so marked that the editors of Literary Digest, commenting on rising pro-suffrage sentiment in 1912, reversed an old slogan, announcing, “Eastward the Star of Suffrage Takes Its Way.”
Race, Reform, And Reaction At The Turn Of The Century: Southern Suffragists, the NAWSA, and the “Southern Strategy” in Context
Authors: Spruill Marjorie Julian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the end of the nineteenth century approached, American women were still struggling to gain their full rights as citizens-including the franchise. They sought this reform even as a wave of reaction swept the nation on the issue of who should vote-a wave of reaction particularly obvious in the American South. As a result, many white suffragists adopted arguments calculated to promote woman suffrage as consistent with, rather than opposed to, white supremacy. The accommodation of white suffragists to the racist politics of the turn-of-the-century South is one of the best-known and most frequently debated aspects of the southern suffrage movement. Historian Aileen Kraditor set the stage for this debate in 1965 when she wrote that the “principal argument” of the southern suffrage movement was that “the enfranchisement of women would insure the permanency of white supremacy in the South” and portrayed the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) as reluctantly permitting the use of racist tactics in the suffrage movement as a concession to the racism of southern white women.
Is Menstruation Obsolete?
Authors: Coutinho Elsimar M , Segal Sheldon J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Is Menstruation Obsolete? argues that regular monthly bleeding is not the “natural” state of women, and that it actually places them at risk of several medical conditions of varying severity. The authors maintain that while menstruation may be culturally significant, it is not medically meaningful. Moreover, they propose that suppressing menstruation has remarkable health advantages. Because of cultural changes, shorter durations of breast feeding, and birth control, the reproductive patterns of modern women no longer resemble that of their Stone age ancestors. Women have moved from the age of incessant reproduction to the age of incessant menstruation. Consequently, they often suffer from clinical disorders related to menstruation: anemia, endometriosis, and PMS, just to name a few. The authors encourage readers to recognize what has gone previously unnoticed that this monthly discomfort is simply not obligatory. They present compelling evidence that the suppression of menstruation is a viable option for women today, and that it can be easily attained through the use of birth control pills. In fact, they reveal that contraceptive manufacturers, knowing that many women equate menstruation with femininity and that without monthly bleeding would fear that they were pregnant, engineered pill dosage regimens to ensure the continuation of their cycles. Indeed, throughout history societies have assigned menstruation powerful meaning, and Is Menstruation Obsolete? presents a fascinating history of how menstruation inspired doctors to try therapeutic bleeding for a variety of ailments, and how this therapy remained dominant in Western medicine until the early 20th century. Is Menstruation Obsolete? offers women a fresh view of menstruation, providing them with the information they need to make progressive choices about their health. This is a message whose time has come.
The Decline of English Sentencing and Other Stories
Authors: Ashworth Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
So significant have been the changes in sentencing in England and Wales since the early 1970s that it is not easy to pick out the principal developments. There are now more than three times as many recorded indictable offenses as there were in 1971; the average daily prison population in 1998 was some 70 percent higher (65,298, compared with 38,040 in 1971); and sentencing law is vastly more complicated, in that in 1971 there was little reported case law and there were few statutes. However, I attempt to provide an overview of a quarter of a century’s developments in English sentencing policy and practice through a detailed consideration of five changes.
Post-Adjudication Dispositions in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Albrecht Hans-Jörg 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Post-adjudication dispositions include sentencing, enforcement of sanctions, and corrections. A cross-sectional look at post-adjudication dispositions may promote understanding of trends in sanctions systems, how and why certain types of penalties spread, what forces operate when new sanctions are adopted, and how criminal sanctions are implemented and to what end. The last of these deserves particular attention because sanctions such as imprisonment, fines, and community service may operate differently in relation to links between policymaking and implementation.
Bringing Care into Knowledge Development of Business Organizations
Authors: Krogh Georg Von , Ichijo Kazuo , Nonaka Ikujiro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Social relationships in organizations have been drawing growing interest from the corporate world and management scholars and consultants. For example, radical corporate transformations have been affecting the implicit social contract between the individual and a firm. Top management of a large firm agonizes over how to accomplish an organizational renewal, facing the tradeoff between job security and organizational efficiency. Drastic transformation of a corporation can negatively affect its social relationships, thus damaging its organizational knowledge creation, one of its crucial competences. Despite this growing interest in the function and the role of social relationships in developing the competence of a firm, however, we still do not know what characterizes social relationships that enable the effective development of knowledge.
Focusing Creativity: Microsoft’s “Synch-and-Stabilize” Approach to Software Product Development
Authors: Cusumano Michael A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This essay discusses how Microsoft, the world’ s largest producer of personal computer (PC) software, focuses the creativity of its engineers through a very specific product development process. Much of this paper is based on material adapted from Cusumano and Selby, 1995. The first section discusses the culture that dominates Microsoft’ s product development teams, which tries to balance structure with flexibility in the design process. The second section outlines the basic concept under- lying Microsoft’ s approach to design, development, and testing: allow teams and individuals to be creative but frequently synchronize and periodically stabilize the design changes that they are continuously making. The third section discusses the specific strategies and principles that Microsoft uses to implement this “synch- and-stabilize” development philosophy. The next section returns to the theme of combining structure with flexibility in software development. The conclusion summarizes ways in which Microsoft’s approach contrasts to more conventional “sequential” styles of product development.
The Thinking Manager’s Toolbox
Authors: Altier William J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Throughout history, the persecutions of the Jewish people have been central to their identity and to the cohesion of their religion and cultural heritage. But now, with the success of the Jewish State of Israel and the prosperity of Jews in the United States, the collective sufferings that have forged the Jewish identity are disappearing. The compelling question Bernard Susser and Charles Liebman ask in Choosing Survival is: Will this success paradoxically prove fatal to Judaism? Susser and Liebman paint a disturbing portrait of the decline of Judaism in both Israel and the United States and the various—and mainly ineffective—efforts to reverse that decline. In Israel, as Jews are increasingly drawn to cosmopolitan Western culture, Jewishness is in danger of being reduced merely to communal folkways, while political tensions between religious and secular Jews threaten to pull the state apart. In the U.S., assimilation and secularization is even harder to resist. Efforts to strengthen Jewish identity by claiming the U.S. is still anti-Semitic and by pointing to the Holocaust and the threats to Israel’s survival have not worked. The authors do, however, see a hopeful sign in Jewish Orthodoxy which, while not a viable solution to the problem, is successfully passing on its tenets and practices and attracting many non-Orthodox Jews. They identify several aspects of Orthodoxy that can be emulated by all Jews and hold the best hope for Jewish survival—its reverence for study, its ability to set and maintain boundaries, and its deep belief in community. For anyone concerned about the fate of Judaism and what it means to be Jewish, Choosing Survival is an impassioned, troubling, and essential book.
Organizational Change and Innovation Processes
Authors: Poole Marshall Scott , Van de Ven Andrew H , Dooley Kevin , Holmes Michael E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a world of organizations that are in constant change, scholars have long sought to understand and explain how they change. This book introduces research methods that are specifically designed to support the development and evaluation of organizational process theories. The authors are a group of highly regarded experts who have been doing collaborative research on change and development for many years.
Pathology and Natural History of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Fenoglio-Preiser Cecilia , Noffsinger Amy , Stemmermann Grant 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gastric carcinoma is one of the most common cancers. Annually there are approximately 800,000 new cases of gastric carcinoma and an estimated 650,000 deaths worldwide from this disease. More than 50% of these cancers arise in individuals living in developing countries. The disease is less common in the United States than in other parts of the world. The majority of cancers that develop in the stomach are carcinomas.
Aging, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Dementia Clinical and Neurobiological Perspectives
Authors: Mesulam M -Marsel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dementia is one of the most common diagnoses made by behavioral neurologists, neuropsychologists, and neuropsychiatrists. One goal of this chapter is to provide a practical approach to the diagnosis and management of dementia. An other is to explore the principles which link the patterns of neuropathology to the neurobehavioral manifestations of the major dementing diseases. The chapter starts with a discussion of aging because age is the single most important risk factor for dementia and also because the neurobiology of aging remains a challenging field where methodological hurdles often interfere with the ability to obtain clear answers to questions which initially appear to be quite straightfor ward. Subsequent sections review the definition, differential diagnosis, and clinical diversity of dementias. They are followed by a comprehensive description of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia. Sections VI and VII provide a highly technical analysis of AD neuropathology and its re lationship to the neurobehavioral features of the dementia. The tremendous ac cumulation of information related to AD may occasionally give the impression that this field holds no further secrets. These two sections show that this is not the case and outline a speculative hypothesis according to which a generalized perturbation of neuroplasticity may play a pivotal in the pathogenesis of AD.
Central Issues in the Study of Change and Innovation
Authors: Poole Marshall Scott 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This handbook is a rich tapestry of theories, its warp the levels of analysis from individual to nation-state and its weft the time through which change and in-novation processes unfold. As with many tapestries, what first strikes the eye is the amazing diversity of ideas and subject matter. But as we step back and look a little longer, patterns and central themes emerge. These patterns are the subject of this chapter. Across the diverse and wide-ranging contributions to this handbook three basic questions consistently present themselves: What is the nature of change? How should we study change and innovation? What are the key concepts a theory of change and innovation should incorporate? This chapter will explore various answers to these questions and consider their implications for future research on organizational change and innovation. It will also attempt to illuminate various theories in this book and their relationship to one another by identifying their positions on these questions.
Adaptation and Selection in Strategy and Change: Perspectives on Strategic Change in Organizations
Authors: Lewin Arie Y , Weigelt Carmen B , Emery James D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study of organizational change, as the many chapters in this handbook demonstrate, reflects extensive and diverse theoretical perspectives and empirical approaches. In this chapter we return to an examination of the adaptation-selection debate (Baum, 1996, Lewin and Volberda, 1999). Our purpose is to consider the implications of the different theories on adaptation and selection for strategy and change. In particular, we reconsider theories and empirical studies that inform organization-level adaptation as a direct outcome of strategic management and organizational change or have implications for organizational change but make no direct or explicit assumptions about managerial intentionality.
Dynamics of Structural Change
Authors: Drazin Robert , Glynn Mary Ann , Kazanjian Robert K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The 1960s and 1970s emerged as a critical period in the development of research related to the study of organization structure. The dominant perspective that emerged was structural contingency theory. Classical management theory, which held sway through the first half of the twentieth century, argued that there was a single organization structure that was highly effective in all settings (Donaldson, 1996). In contrast, proponents of contingency theory argued that there was no one best way, and that the appropriate structure must reflect the demands of the context. Burns and Stalker (1961) offered what emerged as one of the most widely cited examples of this perspective. Based on qualitative case studies, they found that stable settings did best with mechanistic structures, while settings characterized by high degrees of environmental and task uncertainty required organic structures. Equally important pioneering research was completed by Lawrence and Lorsch (1967), who proposed that the rate of environmental change should determine the degree of structural differentiation and integration within an organization.
Dynamics in Organizational Culture
Authors: Hatch Mary Jo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cultures change, but they also stay the same. Sociologists and anthropologists have studied their evolution (e.g., Sahlins and Service, 1960; Sorokin, 1937; White, 1959), documented both their stability and changes, and theorized about their dynamics (Barnett, 1953; Herskovits, 1948, 1964; Kroeber, 1944; Malinowski, 1945; Redfield, 1953; Weber, 1924/1947). For some reason, however, little of this work has filtered into contemporary discussions of culture in the field of organization studies where the focus is on the cultures of business firms and other organizations. In fact, it seems fair to say that only a handful of organization studies since the 1980s, when organizational culture came into its own, mention the dynamic properties of culture (Brannen, 1998; Czarniawska and Sevon, 1996; Gagliardi, 1986; Hatch, 1993; Schein, 1985, 1992; Van Maanen and Schein, 1979).
Endometrial Cancer: Epidemiology and Molecular Endocrinology
Authors: Cook Linda S , Doherty Jennifer A , Weiss Noel S , Chen Chu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Current evidence indicates that exposure of the endometrium to high circulating levels of estrogens increases the likelihood of developing endometrial cancer. Conversely, there is evidence that progestogens (both endogenous and exogenous) have a beneficial effect in terms of reducing the occurrence of endometrial cancer. The actions of many other known or suspected factors that can alter endometrial cancer risk, such as obesity, reproductive characteristics, certain medical conditions, and cigarette smoking, may be explained at least in part by their influence on estrogen and progestogen activity. Less studied are possible genetic factors, including germline allelic variants in enzymes involved in hormone synthesis and metabolism, which may also influence the level and activity of circulating hormones. In this chapter, we summarize the evidence bearing on a role of female gonadal sex hormones in the genesis of endometrial cancer. More comprehensive and detailed reviews of endometrial cancer occurrence and risk factors can be found elsewhere.1,2 We then present detailed study results regarding the evidence for a genetic component in endometrial cancer etiology and discussions of candidate susceptibility genes involved in estrogen biosythesis or catabolism.
Explaining the Rise of Punitive Penal Policies
Authors: Roberts Julian V , Stalans Loretta J , Indermaur David , Hough Mike 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The previous chapter has documented a consistent trend toward punitive penal policies in the United States, Canada, Britain, and Australia. Although the scale and nature of the punitive policies vary across the English-speaking world, the direction over the last 20 years of the twentieth century is unmistakable. This chapter assesses some possible explanations for this phenomenon. Our primary concern is with the decision at the political level to promote punitive penal policies.
Worries about Restorative Justice
Authors: Braithwaite John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My disposition is transparently optimistic about restorative justice. Partly this manifests a bias, a personality that suffers pathological optimism. But it also represents a considered belief that the criminal justice system needs a new and positive vision, that criminologists became depressingly nihilistic in the 1970s and 1980s. The optimistic bias that gives pessimists something better to shoot at can yet be the kind of optimism that we see among the best natural scientists—the medical researcher whose very optimism about a new theory of disease motivates extraordinary rigor in putting in place randomized controlled trials to refute it. But that is not enough. The scientific optimist is also required to develop and test ideas about the side effects and the contraindications of her new drug.
Art of Chinese Management
Authors: Schlevogt Kai-Alexander 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This ground-breaking book is the first in-depth empirical study of Chinese organizational design in state and private enterprises. Web-based Chinese management, a new paradigm in business studies, explains the dynamism of private Chinese enterprises and demonstrates the crucial role of micro-level organizational practices for economic development. It can be used anywhere in the world to help deal with the increasing uncertainty and complexity for the next millennium and can also be used as a framework for economic policy.
Dynamic Predicate Logic
Authors: Groenendijk Jeroen , Stokhof Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the formulation and investigation of a dynamic semantic interpretation of the language of first-order predicate logic. The resulting system, which will be referred to as “dynamic predicate logic,” is intended as a first step toward a compositional, non-representational theory of discourse semantics. In the last decade, various theories of discourse semantics have emerged within the para-digm of model-theoretic semantics. A common feature of these theories is a tendency to do away with the principle of compositionality, a principle which, implicitly or explicitly, has dominated semantics since the days of Frege. Therefore the question naturally arises whether non-compositionality is in any way a necessary feature of discourse semantics.
Some Structural Analogies between Tenses and Pronouns in English
Authors: Partee Barbara Hall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The area of tense logic and its relation to English covers a wide range of problems, but I want to narrow my attention here to certain aspects of the uses of the two English tense morphemes Past and Present, and compare them with related uses of the personal pronouns (he, she, it, etc.). I will argue that the tenses have a range of uses which parallels that of the pronouns, including a contrast between deictic (demonstrative) and anaphoric use, and that this range of uses argues in favor of representing the tenses in terms of variables and not exclusively as sentence operators.