bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Status and Future Prospective of Genome Editing Application in Maize
Authors: Varotto Serena 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMaize (Zea mays ssp. mays) is the most world-widely cultivated agricultural crop and over the past century, its yield per unit land area has increased consistently due to both breeding efforts and improvement in management. Cross breeding, mutation breeding, and transgenic breeding are the main methodologies adopted for maize improvement. The first maize transgenic hybrids were commercialized more than 20 years ago, and till now more than 150 different events of transgenic maize have been approved for commercial cultivation. The sequencing of the maize genome and the development of advanced genomic tools provided the biologists with the theoretical information necessary to attempt the genome modification at the pre-intended genomic loci. The tremendous advances brought about by CRISPR/Cas systems from first applications to nowadays has made genome editing a powerful tool for precise maize improvement. Although many CRISPR-Cas-edited genes have been documented to improve maize traits of agronomic interest, only a few lines have been tested in field trials; additional work for determining potential breeding values of edited maize lines must be done in terms of field tests. The integration of CRISPR-Cas technology in the breeding of new maize varieties also depends on existing and future regulatory policies that will be adopted worldwide.
Application of CRISPR/Cas-Mediated Genome Editing Techniques in Leguminous Crops
Authors: Das Debajit , Acharjee Sumita 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGrain legumes are prized for their high protein content and abundance of phytochemicals, which are essential in the human diet. Scientists have made significant advancements in discovering novel genetic features in legumes, including, but not limited to, productivity, tolerance/resistance to various environmental stresses, and improved nutritive value. The contemporary surge in genetic resources of grain legumes has facilitated the integration of advanced molecular breeding techniques such as transgenic methodologies, genome modification, and genomic selection, to augment the crop’s overall performance. This chapter discusses the application of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing tools for the improvement of grain legumes. Furthermore, it elaborates upon the latest developments in plant-specific genetic modification techniques, while also addressing the challenges and prospective benefits that come with enhancing grain legumes with significant agronomical attributes. Genome editing techniques have been proficiently employed in diverse legumes, encompassing model legumes such as Medicago, alfalfa, and lotus, alongside other widely cultivated legumes like soybean, cowpea, and chickpea. The advent of gene-editing methodologies in legume breeding has presented exciting opportunities for enhancing important agronomic characteristics.
Soybean Improvement and the Role of Gene Editing
Authors: Erol Nihal Öztolan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSoybean is a major agricultural crop that is used for food, feed, and industrial products. However, soybean production is facing several challenges, including pests, diseases, and environmental factors. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using gene editing technologies to improve soybean traits. Gene editing technologies offer a promising new approach to improving soybean production and quality.Gene editing technologies can be used to precisely alter the soybean genome. There are a number of different gene editing technologies that can be used to improve soybeans. One of the most commonly used technologies is CRISPR/Cas9, which uses a protein called Cas9 to cut DNA at a specific location. This can be used to insert, delete, or modify genes. Other gene editing technologies include zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). Gene editing technologies have the potential to revolutionize soybean breeding. This can be used to introduce new traits, such as resistance to pests and diseases, or to improve existing traits, such as yield and oil content.The use of gene editing technologies in soybean improvement is still in its early stages, but the potential benefits are significant. Gene editing technologies offer a more precise and efficient way to improve soybean production than traditional breeding methods. They also offer the potential to create new varieties of soybeans that are better able to meet the challenges of a changing world.
CRISPR/Cas-Based Precision Breeding of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) – Recent Improvements
Authors: Boniecka Justyna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) are used in large-scale production of one of the most health-promoting plant oils in the food industry, as well as for animal feed and biofuel production. Thus, increasing the yield of this crop is of crucial economic and ecological importance. However, conventional breeding programs are slow, laborious and time-consuming. Hence, along with the discovery of the possibility to apply CRISPR/Cas technology to edit plant genomes and to accelerate the breeding process, much effort has been put into applying this technology to study specific genes and biosynthetic pathways, especially in species with many gene copies such as B. napus. Here, recent improvements in generating CRISPR/Cas-induced mutations in the B. napus genome, delivering CRISPR/Cas reagents into oilseed rape plant cells, fast-checking the efficiency of targeted mutagenesis of CRISPR/Cas reagents, and oilseed rape transformation and regeneration procedures are described. Finally, new applications of CRISPR/Cas tools in oilseed rape precision breeding are discussed, focusing mainly on applications verified in field.
Targeted Gene Editing in Pome Fruit Genetics and Breeding: State-of-the-Art, Application Potential and Perspectives
Authors: Claessen Hanne , Aert Pollien , De Storme Nico 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEven though traditional breeding of perennial fruit trees such as apple and pear has resulted in high performing cultivars in the past, it is a very lengthy and costly process that is unable to keep up with the increasing demands for improved yield, resistance and fruit quality posed by the growing world population and the rapidly changing climate. In the last decade, significant research advances have been made that can revolutionize pome fruit breeding to meet current needs, including the sequencing of apple and pear genomes, the increased understanding of associations between gene(s) and traits of interest, and the advancement in genetic engineering tools. In particular the emergence of genome-editing tools such as the CRISPR/Cas9 technology can significantly improve the speed and accuracy of pome fruit breeding programs. This chapter reviews the progress, opportunities and challenges of genome editing tools in apple and pear, and discusses the genetic basis of several important breeding goals to find possible targets for new gene-editing applications.
Base Editing and Prime Editing
Authors: Kaya Hilal Betul 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe development of new adaptations of CRISPR-based genome editing platforms, such as base editing and prime editing, made it possible to broaden the scope and applications of genome editing in plants. First base editing and, more recently, prime editing evade the creation of double-stranded breaks in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the requirement of donor template of DNA for repair while enhancing editing efficiency and product purity over CRISPR/Cas9. As base-pair changes in genomic DNA determine many significant agronomic traits, crop varieties can be developed by precisely converting specific single bases in plant genomes. While base editing can introduce specific nucleotide changes, such as transition and transversion mutations in the targeted region, prime editing can create precise insertions, deletions, and all 12 types of point mutations using the “search-and-replace” method.This chapter provides the basic principles of base editing and prime editing technologies and their practical applications in plants. The chapter also summarizes the recent breakthroughs in applying base and prime editors in diverse plant species, including their use in improving disease resistance, herbicide resistance, nutritional quality, crop yield, and quality. Finally, this chapter aims to clearly understand base editing and prime editing in plants by outlining potential developments.
Genome Editing for Reduction of Bitterness and for Production of Medicinal Terpenes in Cichorium Species
Authors: Cankar Katarina , Van Laere Katrijn , Bosch Dirk 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCichorium varieties are cultivated both as leafy vegetables as well as industrial root crop for extraction of the food fibre inulin. Cichorium is a typical European crop and grown on a relatively small scale. However, due to its distinctive taste and health benefits and its capacity to produce multiple bioactive compounds, Cichorium has great potential if varieties could be optimised for these properties by breeding. In recent years it has been demonstrated in several laboratories that chicory is very amenable to genome editing. Different protocols were developed and implemented to adapt bitterness as well as to accumulate medicinal terpenes, generating potential socio-economic benefits over the entire value chain from farmers to consumers, as well as for the environment. In addition, scientific knowledge on chicory biology, particularly on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites was significantly increased. This demonstrates how genome editing can contribute to breeding of niche crops such as Cichorium, which have relatively little investment leverage for extensive breeding programs.
Genome Editing-Based Strategies Used to Enhance Crop Resistance to Parasitic Weeds
Authors: Yıldırım Kubilay , Kavas Musa , Akın Melekşen , Küçük İlkay Sevgen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn contrast to most autotrophic plants, which produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide using photosynthesis, parasitic weed plants rely on host plants to form vascular connections through which they withdraw the required nutritive resources and water. Many important crop plants are infested by these heterotrophic plants leading to tremendous yield losses and rendering agricultural lands uncultivable. The parasitic weeds are physically attached to the host plants and therefore their control is challenging due to the lack of selective methods for killing the weeds without damaging the host crop. Fortunately, many host plants have pre-haustorium resistance, host initiation responses and post-attachment tolerance to these parasitic weeds. However, parasitic weeds have high fecundity, dispersal efficiency, and persistent seed storage in the soil all of which enable them to adapt to new hosts and break down the crop resistance. Recent discoveries in genome editing and gene silencing-based technologies open new opportunities to enhance crop resistance to parasitic weeds. Some genome editing-based studies targeting the seed germination of parasitic weeds created almost complete resistance in crop species. In this chapter, we give an overview of the host-parasitic interaction and host defence responses that can be targeted by genome editing or gene silencing technologies.
Genome Editing in Biotech Regulations Worldwide
Authors: Sprink Thorben , Wilhelm Ralf 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSince the introduction of genome editing techniques in breeding and the first commercial products on the market, various governments or jurisdictions have attempted to clarify the legal classification of genome editing in relation to their genetic engineering regulations. Only a few countries, including Europe, fully apply their strict genetic engineering laws to genome-edited organisms or products derived from them. Most countries with liberal regulations base classification on the absence of foreign DNA in the final product (including the USA and Canada, which de facto have no specific GMO laws). Countries such as Australia and Japan have introduced subcategories when sequence templates have been used in the genome editing process. Several countries, including Europe, are in the process of revising their GMO legislation. The international legislative landscape is thus dynamic. The heterogeneity of regulatory regimes poses a challenge for international trade. This chapter summarises the status as of June 2023 and provides a brief introduction to the main legal concepts.
CRISPR Processes Patents in Green Biotechnology: Collaborative Licensing Models
Authors: Ricroch Agnès 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA strong patent system is necessary to enable innovation by incentivising investments in research and development (R&D) and promoting the dissemination of knowledge, including through licensing, as this is considered vital for the development and commercialisation of new products. The new genomic techniques (NGTs) defined by the European Union (EU) in 2021 include the CRISPR system which can selectively modify DNA sequences in a genome. More than 11,000 CRISPR-related patent applications have already been filed worldwide mainly in USA and China. The proliferation of patents on CRISPR for green biotechnology applications and the dispute between two of the technology’s inventors (UC Berkeley and the Broad Institute of MIT, USA) could be barriers to innovation. With regard to intellectual property (IP) and the patent protection, the conditions and opportunities of alternative licensing models to overcome the difficulties created by the complex patent landscape of CRISPR technology are examined. Patent pools and clearing houses are the two models attracting most interest that leads to a one-stop licensing point allowing cross-licensing and facilitating freedom to operate. The conditions for success and acceptability of collaborative licensing platforms are discussed.
Improving Science Communication About Genome Editing – Mitigating Strong Moral Convictions Through Shared Moral Goals
Authors: Waldhof Gabi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA large share of natural scientists considers the application of genetic engineering (GE) to be necessary for a sustainable transformation of agriculture. However, there is a stark divergence between scientific assessment and public perception of this technology, particularly in Germany. So far, science communication has not been able to reconcile this divergence. The chapter suggests that strong moral convictions hinder effective science communication and provides scientific evidence for this claim. Furthermore, the chapter presents research suggesting that strong moral convictions can be mitigated through shared moral goals. Building on this insight, recommendations for improved science communication about GE are formulated.
What Is the Problem with Europe in a Philosophical Point of View?
Authors: Kuntz Marcel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIt is well known that developing plant biotechnological products is far more difficult in Europe than in the United States, for example. Of course, the different regulatory rationales impact technological development in both cases. This chapter discusses the reasons for such a difference, in relation with the historical background of Europe vs. USA, and in the philosophical context of ‘postmodernism’. The latter is influent in both the European Union (EU) and the USA, but does not politically express itself in the same way. The central pillar of the doctrine currently dominant in the EU being to prevent repetition of the tragedies of the past, especially wars, which includes avoiding becoming a political power in the old sense. This chapter proposes that this political thought has also influenced the way technological risks are considered (Precautionary Principle) while benefits are sometimes ignored, such as those of plant biotechnology. The April 2021 EU Commission report on gene editing is discussed as an example of postmodern framing.
Digitaler Gebäudepass für den Nachweis der Kreislauffähigkeit
Authors: Gebetsroither Michaela , Honic Meliha , Kovacic Iva , Löffler Christoph , Marx Klemens , Pamminger Rainer , Robbi Steffen , Sustr Christian , Schützenhofer Stefan , Weber Gundula 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Idee eines Gebäudepass wurde zum ersten Mal von Eichstädt im Jahre 1982 für Industriebauten vorgeschlagen. Er beschreibt den Pass als ein Dokument, das Änderungen im Gebäude nachverfolgt und somit eine qualitative Bewertung von Industriegebäuden ermöglicht (Eichstädt, Batiment Int Build Res Pract 10:177–181, 1982, S. 177–181).
Schlussfolgerungen und Aussichten: Auf dem Weg zur Kreislaufwirtschaft
Authors: Gebetsroither Michaela , Honic Meliha , Kovacic Iva , Löffler Christoph , Marx Klemens , Pamminger Rainer , Robbi Steffen , Sustr Christian , Schützenhofer Stefan , Weber Gundula 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungAktuell wird die Kreislaufwirtschaft von einem Top-down Prozess getrieben. Ausgehend von Europäischen Zielsetzungen der EU-Taxonomie und ESG-Verordnung im Allgemeinen werden die Anforderungen zur Ressourcenschonung und dem Übergang in eine Kreislaufwirtschaft von internationalen und nationalen Zertifizierungssystemen wie DGNB, (DGNB 2022) BREEAM (BREGroup 2022), ÖGNI (ÖGNI 2022) übernommen und individuell erweitert. Ressourcenschonendes Bauen ist damit keine Option mehr, sondern Voraussetzung, um zukünftig überhaupt noch am Markt bestehen zu können. Immer mehr Städte, Kommunen, öffentliche und private Auftraggeber bereiten sich daher aktiv auf den Paradigmenwechsel zur Kreislaufwirtschaft vor und verwenden Gebäude-/ Ressourcenpässe, um die Kreislauffähigkeit ihrer Immobilien optimieren und nachweisen zu können. Ein großvolumiges Gebäude ohne Nachhaltigkeitszertifizierung ist bereits heute nicht mehr marktfähig und kaum noch finanzierbar – Trend anhaltend bzw., mit Erweiterung der Taxonomiekriterien, steigend.
Disentangle neutrino electromagnetic properties with atomic radiative pair emission
Authors: Ge Shao-Feng , Pasquini Pedro 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We elaborate the possibility of using the atomic radiative emission of neutrino pair (RENP) to probe the neutrino electromagnetic properties, including magnetic and electric dipole moments, charge radius, and anapole. With the typical $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(eV) momentum transfer, the atomic RENP is sensitive to not just the tiny neutrino masses but also very light mediators to which the massless photon belongs. The neutrino EM properties introduce extra contribution besides the SM one induced by the heavy W/Z gauge bosons. Since the associated photon spectrum is divided into several sections whose boundaries are determined by the final-state neutrino masses, it is possible to identify the individual neutrino EM form factor elements. Most importantly, scanning the photon spectrum inside the particular section with deviation from the SM prediction once observed allows identification of the neutrino EM form factor type. The RENP provides an ultimate way of disentangling the neutrino EM properties to go beyond the current experimental searches or observations.
Machining of additively manufactured alloy 718 in as-built and heat-treated condition: surface integrity and cutting tool wear
Authors: Holmberg Jonas , Berglund Johan , Brohede Ulrika , Åkerfeldt Pia , Sandell Viktor , Rashid Amir , Zhao Xiaoyu , Dadbakhsh Sasan , Fischer Marie , Hryha Eduard , Wiklund Urban , Hassila Carl Johan Karlsson , Hosseini Seyed 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) using powder bed fusion is becoming a mature technology that offers great possibilities and design freedom for manufacturing of near net shape components. However, for many gas turbine and aerospace applications, machining is still required, which motivates further research on the machinability and work piece integrity of additive-manufactured superalloys. In this work, turning tests have been performed on components made with both Powder Bed Fusion for Laser Beam (PBF-LB) and Electron Beam (PBF-EB) in as-built and heat-treated conditions. The two AM processes and the respective heat-treatments have generated different microstructural features that have a great impact on both the tool wear and the work piece surface integrity. The results show that the PBF-EB components have relatively lower geometrical accuracy, a rough surface topography, a coarse microstructure with hard precipitates and low residual stresses after printing. Turning of the PBF-EB material results in high cutting tool wear, which induces moderate tensile surface stresses that are balanced by deep compressive stresses and a superficial deformed surface that is greater for the heat-treated material. In comparison, the PBF-LB components have a higher geometrical accuracy, a relatively smooth topography and a fine microstructure, but with high tensile stresses after printing. Machining of PBF-LB material resulted in higher tool wear for the heat-treated material, increase of 49%, and significantly higher tensile surface stresses followed by shallower compressive stresses below the surface compared to the PBF-EB materials, but with no superficially deformed surface. It is further observed an 87% higher tool wear for PBF-EB in as-built condition and 43% in the heat-treated condition compared to the PBF-LB material. These results show that the selection of cutting tools and cutting settings are critical, which requires the development of suitable machining parameters that are designed for the microstructure of the material.
Classification of fetal and adult red blood cells based on hydrodynamic deformation and deep video recognition
Authors: Kampen Peter Johannes Tejlgaard , Støttrup-Als Gustav Ragnar , Bruun-Andersen Nicklas , Secher Joachim , Høier Freja , Hansen Anne Todsen , Dziegiel Morten Hanefeld , Christensen Anders Nymark , Berg-Sørensen Kirstine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFlow based deformation cytometry has shown potential for cell classification. We demonstrate the principle with an injection moulded microfluidic chip from which we capture videos of adult and fetal red blood cells, as they are being deformed in a microfluidic chip. Using a deep neural network - SlowFast - that takes the temporal behavior into account, we are able to discriminate between the cells with high accuracy. The accuracy was larger for adult blood cells than for fetal blood cells. However, no significant difference was observed between donors of the two types.
Does satisfaction with amenities and environment influence the taste for revolt in the middle east?
Authors: Farzanegan Mohammad Reza , Gholipour Hassan F. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between individuals’ satisfaction with amenities and environmental quality and taste for revolt in the Middle East. Using recent World Value Survey data (WVS7, 2017–2021) from Egypt and Iraq (which have been experiencing severe environmental degradation and inadequate and mismanagement of public infrastructure) and applying Probit regressions, our results show that satisfaction with amenities and environmental quality indicators are negatively and statistically related to individuals' inclination towards revolt in both countries. This finding is more pronounced in urban areas, particularly in large cities. We also find that individuals’ satisfaction with amenities and environmental quality affect the taste of revolt through the individual’s life satisfaction and satisfaction with the government’s provision of utilities. The analysis for Egypt suggests that satisfaction with public transportation systems, roads and highways, air quality, and housing quality are significantly and negatively associated with support for revolutionary action. For the Iraq sample, we find that dissatisfaction with roads and highways, water quality, school quality, and the physical settings of cities lead to a higher probability of support for uprising.