bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA Rearrangement in Orthologous Orp Regions of the Maize, Rice and Sorghum Genomes
Authors: Ma Jianxin , SanMiguel Phillip , Lai Jinsheng , Messing Joachim , Bennetzen Jeffrey L 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The homeologous Orp1 and Orp2 regions of maize and the orthologous regions in sorghum and rice were compared by generating sequence data for &gt;486 kb of genomic DNA. At least three genic rearrangements differentiate the maize Orp1 and Orp2 segments, including an insertion of a single gene and two deletions that removed one gene each, while no genic rearrangements were detected in the maize Orp2 region relative to sorghum. Extended comparison of the orthologous Orp regions of sorghum and japonica rice uncovered numerous genic rearrangements and the presence of a transposon-rich region in rice. Only 11 of 27 genes (40%) are arranged in the same order and orientation between sorghum and rice. Of the 8 genes that are uniquely present in the sorghum region, 4 were found to have single-copy homologs in both rice and Arabidopsis, but none of these genes are located near each other, indicating frequent gene movement. Further comparison of the Orp segments from two rice subspecies, japonica and indica, revealed that the transposon-rich region is both an ancient and current hotspot for retrotransposon accumulation and genic rearrangement. We also identify unequal gene conversion as a mechanism for maize retrotransposon rearrangement.
Fluticasone Inhalation in Moderate Cases of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Dugas Marc-André , Nguyen Diep , Frenette Lyne , Lachance Christian , St-Onge Odette , Fougères Annie , Bélanger Sylvie , Caouette Georges , Proulx Eric , Racine Marie-Claude , Piedboeuf Bruno 
Published: April 2005

Objective.This randomized, controlled trial was designed to determine the efficacy of inhaled fluticasone propionate on oxygen therapy weaning in a population of preterm infants who were born at &lt;32 weeks of gestation and experienced moderate bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).Methods.Thirty-two infants who were ≤32 weeks of gestation, had moderate BPD that required supplemental oxygen (fraction of inspired oxygen ≥0.25), and were aged between 28 and 60 days were randomized. Fluticasone propionate 125 μg twice daily for 3 weeks and once daily for a fourth week was delivered to infants who weighed between 500 and 1200 g. The dosage was doubled for infants who weighed ≥1200 g.Results.Compared with placebo, treatment had no effect on either duration of supplemental O2 therapy or ventilatory support as assessed by survival analysis. At 28 days, a trend toward a lower cortisol/creatinine ratio in the treatment group was noted compared with placebo (25.1 ± 18.9 vs 43 ± 14.4). In the fluticasone group at 28 days, the systolic arterial pressure (78 ± 3 vs 68 ± 3 mm Hg) and diastolic arterial pressure (43 ± 3.4 mm Hg vs 38 ± 2.0 mm Hg) were higher compared with baseline fluticasone values. The chest radiograph score was lower than baseline (2.8 ± 1.4 vs 3.7 ± 2.2) in the fluticasone group at 28 days. This study has a statistical power of 1.0 to detect a significant difference in the duration of oxygen supplementation of &gt;21 days between the study groups.Conclusion.We conclude that fluticasone propionate reduces neither supplemental O2 use nor the need for ventilatory support in this patient population. However, fluticasone does have a positive radiologic effect in lowering chest radiograph scores. In addition, our data point to a possible association among inhaled fluticasone treatment and higher arterial blood pressure. Thus, the results of this investigation do not support the use of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of oxygen-dependent infants who have established moderate BPD.
2% Sodium Fluoride‐Iontophoresis Compared to a Commercially Available Desensitizing Agent
Authors: Singal Pankaj , Gupta Rajan , Pandit Nymphea 
Published: April 2005

Background: Dentin hypersensitivity is a common clinical condition and age‐old complaint, presenting problems to both the patient and the dentist. Besides causing discomfort, the condition may deter a person from establishing or maintaining adequate oral hygiene procedures, further complicating oral health. The failure to practice satisfactory plaque control has well‐established consequences on gingival and periodontal health. Thus, a cycle of sensitive teeth leading to reduced plaque control, more periodontal disease, and more recession may be established.Methods: The hypersensitive teeth were identified by the patient and verified by the light stroke of a dental explorer along the cervical area of all teeth present. Subjects fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were evaluated using tactile, 1‐second air blast, and cold water stimuli, and the subject's response was recorded on the verbal rating scale. A total of 425 teeth from 50 patients included in this study were randomly divided into two groups: group 1, who received 2% sodium fluoride‐iontophoresis (NaF) and group 2, who received an aqueous solution of hydroxy‐ethyl‐methacrylate and glutaraldehyde (HEMA‐G). The teeth were evaluated immediately after treatment and at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months. In case of failure at the 2‐week interval, the affected tooth was retreated with the same drug as before and evaluated further.Results: The results were statistically analyzed, and it was found that group 1 treatment was more effective than group 2 at 1‐ and 3‐month intervals. There was a comparatively greater recurrence of hypersensitivity in group 2. A comparable number of teeth required repeat dosage in both groups. Teeth which required repeat dosage had greater mean discomfort scores at baseline for all three tests than the teeth which did not require a repeat dose.Conclusions: Both agents showed significant reduction in sensitivity at all time intervals compared to baseline; however, NaF had a comparatively greater effect than HEMA‐G at both the 1‐ and 3‐month intervals; an almost equal number of teeth in both groups required repeat doses. Teeth with a higher initial sensitivity score required a repeat dose. Both agents were found to be equally effective immediately after application; the 2% NaF was comparatively better than HEMA‐G in providing long‐term relief. J Periodontol 2005;76:351‐357.
Relative Contribution of Patient‐, Tooth‐, and Site‐Associated Variability on the Clinical Outcomes of Subgingival Debridement. I. Probing Depths
Authors: D'Aiuto Francesco , Ready Derren , Parkar Mohammed , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: April 2005

Background: The objective of this clinical trial was to assess the relative contribution of patient‐, tooth‐, and site‐associated variables on changes in probing depths (PD) following delivery of a standard non‐surgical phase of periodontal therapy.Methods: Ninety‐four (94) systemically healthy subjects with severe generalized periodontitis were included in this 6‐month prospective longitudinal study. Medical, periodontal, and microbiological parameters were collected at baseline and 2 and 6 months after completion of oral hygiene instructions, motivation, and subgingival debridement using a piezoelectric instrument. The relative contribution of patient‐, tooth‐, and site‐associated variables was evaluated with a hierarchical multilevel analysis.Results: Eighty percent (80%) of variability in PD reductions was attributed to site level parameters, while 12% was at the tooth level and 8% at the patient level. The multilevel analysis associated PD reductions with patient factors (cigarette smoking status and carriage of the rare allele of a specific polymorphism for the interleukin‐6 [IL‐6] gene), tooth factors (tooth mobility and tooth type), and site factors (mesial and distal location). Cigarette smoking and carriage of the rare allele of the IL‐ 6‐174 G/C polymorphism were associated with less PD reduction. Incisors and canines responded better than premolars and molars. A dose‐dependent effect of mobility was observed: teeth with higher baseline mobility resulted in significantly greater decreases in PD. At the site level, greater reductions were observed at interdental sites (compared to facial or oral), and at deeper sites (1.2 mm for 4 to 5 mm pockets and 2.4 mm for pockets ≥6 mm).Conclusion: These data provided an estimation of the relative contribution of site‐, tooth‐, and patient‐associated variables in terms of PD reductions following a standard course of machinedriven subgingival debridement. J Periodontol 2005;76:398‐405.
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity in Human Gingival Crevicular Fluid During Orthodontic Treatment: A Controlled, Short‐Term Longitudinal Study
Authors: Perinetti Giuseppe , Serra Emanuela , Paolantonio Michele , Bruè Claudia , Meo Silvio Di , Filippi Maria Rita , Festa Felice , Spoto Giuseppe 
Published: April 2005

Background: During orthodontic tooth movement, the early response of periodontal tissues to mechanical stress is an acute inflammatory one. This study uses a longitudinal design to examine lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) to determine if GCF LDH can be used as a diagnostic aid in monitoring tooth movement and tissue response during orthodontic treatment.Methods: Seventeen patients (mean age: 16.1 years) participated in the study. Each patient was undergoing treatment for distal movement, and an upper first molar served as the test tooth (TT), while the contralateral (CT) and antagonist (AT) teeth were used as controls. The CT was included in the orthodontic appliance, but was not subjected to the distal movement; the AT was free from any orthodontic appliance. The GCF around the experimental teeth was harvested from both mesial and distal tooth sites immediately before appliance activation, and on days 7, 14, and 21. Clinical gingival conditions were also recorded.Results: Gingival crevicular fluid LDH activity was significantly elevated in all sites of the TT and CT, as compared to the AT, where LDH activity remained at the baseline level throughout the study. Enzyme activity levels were also greater in the TT than in the CT, and in the compression sites.Conclusions: Our results suggest that GCF LDH levels reflect the biological activity that takes place in the periodontium during orthodontic movement, and therefore they can be used as a diagnostic tool for monitoring for correct orthodontic tooth movement in clinical practice. J Periodontol 2005;76:411‐417.
Calprotectin Expression in Human Monocytes: Induction by Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide, Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α, and Interleukin‐1β
Authors: Suryono  , Kido Jun‐ichi , Hayashi Noriko , Kataoka Masatoshi , Nagata Toshihiko 
Published: April 2005

Background: Calprotectin is a major cytosolic protein of monocytes and granulocytes. It is increased in inflammatory tissues and is detected at high levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontitis patients. We previously reported that lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P‐LPS) and cytokines induced the release of calprotectin from monocytes isolated from human peripheral blood. The mechanisms of calprotectin expression and presence of its regulation factors in periodontal disease are unknown. On the other hand, P‐LPS and cytokines are significant etiologic factors in the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. In this study, we investigated the expression and production of calprotectin from human monocytes by examining the effects of lipopolysaccharide of P‐LPS, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β).Methods: Monocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors and cultured in the presence or absence of P‐LPS, TNF‐α, or IL‐1β. The expressions of calprotectin mRNAs (MRP8 and MRP14) were detected by Northern blotting. The contents of calprotectin in the cells and medium fractions were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The DNA binding activity of C/EBPα, a transcription factor of MRP14, was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift DNA‐binding assay (EMSA).Results: P‐LPS, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β induced MRP8/14 mRNAs and calprotectin production in monocytes. These factors also induced DNA CEBPα binding activity in monocytes. P‐LPS increased MRP14 mRNA expression in monocytes to the maximum level, about two times the control level after 24 hours treatment, but did not enhance the basal level of MRP8. When the effects of TNF‐α and IL‐1β on those mRNAs were investigated, both MRP8 and MRP14 significantly increased to about 2‐ and 2.5‐fold the control level, respectively. Increases of MRP8/14 mRNA expression were followed by their protein production at about 2‐fold the basal amount. DNA binding activity of C/EBPα was increased in P‐LPS, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β‐treated monocytes.Conclusions: These results demonstrate that P‐LPS, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β induce calprotectin production from human monocytes and that this production is associated with the activation of DNA C/EBPα binding complex. J Periodontol 2005;76:437‐442.
The Use of Guided Tissue Regeneration Principles in Endodontic Surgery for Induced Chronic Periodontic‐Endodontic Lesions: A Clinical, Radiographic, and Histologic Evaluation
Authors: Britain Steven K. , von Arx Thomas , Schenk Robert K. , Buser Daniel , Nummikoski Pirkka , Cochran David L. 
Published: April 2005

Background: Chronic periodontic‐endodontic lesions are not uncommon in clinical practice and their regenerative capacity has long been questioned. However, there are no published studies investigating the application of guided tissue regeneration techniques in combination with endodontic surgery using an induced perio‐endo defect model. This study evaluated the clinical, radiographic, and histologic outcomes of three surgical procedures used to treat induced perio‐endo lesions.Methods: Pulpal necrosis was induced in foxhounds along with surgical removal of radicular buccal bone. After 4 weeks, chronic lesions were clinically and radiographically assessed. Treatment surgery consisted of apicoectomy, root canal instrumentation, and retrofilling with mineral trioxide aggregate. Teeth were then assigned to one of the following treatment groups: open flap debridement only (OFD), OFD with bioabsorbable porcinederived collagen membrane (BG), or OFD with BG and anorganic bovine bone matrix (BO/BG). Clinical parameters and standardized radiographs were assessed at defect creation; treatment surgery; and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months. Animals were sacrificed at 6 months and specimens prepared for histometric analysis.Results: Clinical and radiographic conditions improved during the study period. Mean epithelial attachment was similar between all groups. Mean connective tissue attachment for groups OFD, BG, and BO/BG was 3.79 mm, 2.63 mm, and 1.75 mm, respectively, and mean radicular bone height was 2.16 mm, 3.24 mm, and 3.45 mm, respectively. Statistically significant increases in the amount of new cementum were observed in groups BG and BO/BG when compared with OFD (P <0.05).Conclusions: Treatment of combined induced perio‐endo lesions using bioabsorbable collagen membranes alone or in combination with anorganic bovine bone matrix resulted in increased amounts of bone, periodontal ligament, and significant increases in the amount of new cementum when compared to open flap debridement in a canine model. J Periodontol 2005;76:450‐460.
Measuring the Health Status Gap for American Indians/Alaska Natives: Getting Closer to the Truth
Authors: Puukka Emily , Stehr-Green Paul , Becker Thomas M. 
Published: April 2005

Objectives. We compared the historical method of calculating cancer incidence rates with 2 new methods to determine which approach optimally estimates the burden of cancer among the Northwest American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) population. Methods. The first method replicates the traditional way of calculating race-specific rates, and the 2 new methods use probabilistic record linkages to ascertain cancer cases. We indirectly adjusted all rates to the standard 2000 US population. Results. Whereas the historical cancer incidence rates for all races are more than double those for the AIAN population, this apparent gap is considerably narrower when the all-race rates are compared with AIAN-specific rates calculated with probabilistic linkage methods. Similarly, there is no meaningful difference in incidence rates for selected site- and gender-specific cancers between the AIAN population and all races combined, and, in fact, some of these rates may be higher among the AIAN population. Conclusions. Our results suggest that the burden of cancer among the AIAN population is considerably higher than was previously understood. We recommend that a standardized approach based on probabilistic linkage methods be adopted and that adequate financial and technical support be made available for conducting routine linkage studies throughout Indian communities.
Causes of Visual Impairment and Common Eye Problems in Northwest American Indians and Alaska Natives
Authors: Mansberger Steven L. , Romero Francine C. , Smith Nicole H. , Johnson Chris A. , Cioffi George A. , Edmunds Beth , Choi Dongseok , Becker Thomas M. 
Published: April 2005

Objectives. Little information exists regarding the causes of visual impairment and the most common eye problems in American Indians/Alaska Natives. Methods. We randomly sampled American Indians/Alaska Natives older than 40 years from 3 tribes within the Northwest region. Results. We found a higher prevalence of visual impairment and normal-tension glaucoma, as well as a lower prevalence of ocular hypertension, in American Indians/Alaska Natives compared with previous results in other racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions. American Indians/Alaska Natives have a need for vision correction. Future interventions in American Indians/Alaska Natives should include providing spectacles for refractive error, detecting glaucoma, and preventing visual impairment from age-related maculopathy and cataracts.
Temperature gradients in blown film bubbles
Authors: Sidiropoulos V. , Vlachopoulos J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIt is argued that the assumption of negligible temperature gradients across the thickness in blown film extrusion is not valid in the vicinity of the die exit. Numerical simulation of heat transfer involving convection and radiation shows significant temperature differences between the inside and outside film surfaces, which gradually decrease and eventually become negligible near the frost line. The differences are influenced by the magnitude of local heat transfer coefficients. In blown film lines having internal bubble cooling (IBC), temperature gradients in the thickness direction may be reduced, but still they cannot be considered negligible for typical production rates. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 24:83–90, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20039
Simulation and visualization of flow in a new miniature mixer for multiphase polymer systems
Authors: Breuer Orna , Chen Hongbing , Lin Bin , Sundararaj Uttandaraman 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA newly designed mixer, the Alberta polymer asymmetric minimixer (APAM), was compared to the MiniMAX molder with flow simulation and flow visualization techniques to evaluate the performance of the mixers. The APAM has a unique, asymmetric design consisting of a varying clearance between the rotor blade tips and the cup wall, which enables the material to be squeezed, stretched, and kneaded in high‐shear and converging zones. Flow simulation showed that substantial folding and axial movement occurred in this mixer and that the pressure and velocity profiles exhibited high values at the rotor tip with the smallest rotor tip/cup clearance. In contrast, the MiniMAX molder had very simple flow patterns, which were insufficient to induce good dispersive and distributive mixing. These results concurred with those from an earlier work that studied the structure of blends and nanocomposites processed in the APAM compared to other polymer processing equipment. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 136–142, 2005
Thin, highly crosslinked polymer layer synthesized via photoinitiated graft copolymerization on a self‐assembled‐monolayer‐coated gold surface
Authors: Yang Hu , Lazos Dimitrios , Ulbricht Mathias 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA thin, highly crosslinked layer was grafted onto an alkyl thiol self‐assembled‐monolayer (SAM)‐coated gold surface with N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide (MBAA), a widely used crosslinker with two polymerizable groups, as the monomer. Surface‐initiated photografting copolymerization was achieved through the immobilization of the hydrogen‐abstraction photoinitiator benzophenone on the hydrophobic alkyl surface via physical adsorption and subsequent UV irradiation in the presence of an MBAA solution. The growth of the grafted poly‐MBAA layers seemed to produce dendritic structures with low surface coverage. At a higher monomer concentration (15 g/L of water), full coverage of the gold surface with a thin layer was obtained and proved by scanning force microscopy and contact‐angle measurements. The evaluation of the gold, gold–SAM, and gold–SAM/grafted poly‐MBAA layers with a surface plasmon resonance sensor system revealed that the photografted, thin, highly crosslinked polyacrylamide layers had a very low affinity toward the adsorption of protein. Therefore, this provides a very promising approach to tailoring materials for sensors and other applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 158–164, 2005
Immobilization of catalase on a novel polymer support, crosslinked polystyrene ethylene glycol acrylate resin: Role of the macromolecular matrix on enzyme activity
Authors: Kumar G. S. Vinod , Kumar K. Santhosh 
Published: April 2005

AbstractCrosslinked polystyrene ethylene glycol acrylate resin (CLPSER) was developed for the immobilization of the enzyme catalase by the introduction of a crosslinker, O,O′‐bis(2‐acrylamidopropyl) poly(ethylene glycol)1900, to styrene. The crosslinker was prepared by the treatment of acryloyl chloride with O,O′‐bis(2‐aminopropyl) poly(ethylene glycol)1900 in the presence of diisopropylethylamine. The resin was characterized with IR and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of the catalase‐immobilized system of CLPSER was compared with divinylbenzene‐crosslinked polystyrene, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate crosslinked polystyrene, and 1,4‐butanediol dimethacrylate crosslinked polystyrene systems. Crosslink levels of 2, 8, and 20 mol % were evaluated. Among these crosslinked systems, the 2 mol % system was found to be most suitable to support catalytic activity. When a long flexible hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) crosslink, introduced between the polystyrene (PS) backbone and functional groups was used for immobilization, the extent of coupling and enzyme activity increased. Depending on the nature of the support, the catalytic activity of the system varied. The hydrophilic CLPSER support was most efficient for immobilization compared to the other PS‐based supports. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 8–19, 2005