bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restructuring as a signal: a simple formalization
Authors: Colombo Emilio 
Published: March 2003

Several studies have stressed that, contrary to initial expectations, state‐owned firms at the beginning of the transition undertook painful measures to adjust to the new economic environment. This paper investigates this behaviour in a simple game theoretic framework. It is argued that the massive amount of lay‐offs created by state‐owned firms during the initial phase of the transition can be interpreted as a signal directed to the banking sector in order to obtain more favourable financing conditions for the subsequent process of restructuring. The conclusions are strongly supported by Polish firm‐level empirical evidence.JEL classification: P31, C72.
Economic liberalization and welfare in a model with an informal sector
Authors: Chaudhuri Sarbajit , Mukhopadhyay Ujjaini 
Published: March 2003

The paper reexamines the conventional results relating to inflow of foreign capital, removal of protectionism and structural reform programmes, in a small open economy in terms of a two‐sector general equilibrium model with an informal sector. The paper shows that in the presence of labour market distortion and a protectionist policy, inflow of foreign capital may be desirable irrespective of the pattern of trade of the economy due to its favourable impact on welfare. But the welfare implications of tariff reductions and/or structural adjustment programmes, such as deregulating the formal sector labour market, depend crucially on the economy's trade pattern. The paper provides an answer to the question as to whether in a developing economy labour market reform and tariff reform should go hand‐in‐hand or whether one should precede the other for welfare improvement.JEL classification: F10, F13, F21, O17.
How efficient is the East German economy? An exploration with microdata
Authors: Funke Michael , Rahn Jörg 
Published: March 2003

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of the East German economy at the firm level using an unbalanced panel over the transition period 1994 to 1998. We adopt a translog stochastic frontier model to estimate technical efficiency in eastern and western Germany. The results indicate that firms in eastern Germany are significantly less efficient than firms in western Germany. The paper also examines some of the possible correlates of regional variations in firm‐level efficiency.JEL classification: D24, C33, J31, O52.
Costs and benefits of unilateral euroization in central eastern Europe
Authors: Nuti D. Mario 
Published: March 2003

Countries unable or unwilling to join a monetary union can replicate most membership effects unilaterally through either a currency board or the formal replacement of domestic currency by that of the Union. Potential benefits include lower transaction costs, lower interest rates, and lower exposure to speculative attacks. Costs include initial reserves, inadequate response to asymmetric shocks, loss of seigniorage, no lender of last resort. Expected costs and benefits have probably been exaggerated. Net effects depend primarily on the degree of monetary, real, and institutional convergence. Positive net advantages will accrue to countries that are either already converging, or wish to use a single currency to speed up convergence — especially if small. There is no legal or economic justification for EU aversion to unilateral euroization in accession candidate countries.JEL classification: F33, F36, E58, P33.
Institutional design and the closure of public facilities in transition economies
Authors: Jack William 
Published: March 2003

As part of the reforms of their systems for financing and delivering health care, many transition economies, particularly in central and eastern Europe, have adopted national insurance funds that are institutionally separate from ministries of health. Most of these countries have also grappled with the problem of restructuring the delivery system, especially the need to reduce hospital capacity. Although improving the performance of medical care providers through a shift from passive budgeting to explicitly incentive mechanisms is important, why this change in financial relations between the government and providers could not be implemented simply by reforming the role of health ministries is not obvious. This paper presents an explicit rationale for the separation of powers between the regulator (the ministry of health) and the financing body (the insurance fund), based on the inability of a single agency to commit to closing hospitals.JEL classification: L51, P20, P35, I18.
The relationship between policies and growth in transition countries
Authors: Radulescu Roxana , Barlow David 
Published: March 2003

This paper combines Hendry’s general to specific procedure and Leamer’s Extreme Bounds analysis to assess the robustness of the relationship between growth in transition countries and a set of variables included in other studies. The results indicate a robust relationship between inflation and growth. A significant long–term effect of liberalization on growth is not found, which throws doubt on previous empirical studies of the relationship between liberalization and growth. However, the long–term benefits from liberalization may be indirect, via macro stability. Robustness tests also throw doubt on the effect of fiscal and exchange rate policies on growth.JEL classification: P24, P41, C23.
Information–driven trading at the Prague Stock Exchange: Evidence from Intra–Day Data
Authors: Hanousek Jan , Podpiera Richard 
Published: March 2003

Many observers argue that informed and insider trading is widespread in the emerging financial markets of transition countries, yet rigorous treatment of this issue has been virtually non–existent. The current paper estimates the extent of informed trading on the Prague Stock Exchange (PSE) using intra–day transaction data. Our estimates confirm that the average share of informed trading is equal to 0.32, which is high relative to developed markets and varies considerably among stocks. Using the Easley et al. (1996) approach on the very best segment of the PSE we obtained a high average probability of informed trading. Since data used in this study cover the period after the major attempts to improve market regulations, our results indicate that the PSE needs further strengthening to recover credibility and to become a real source of corporate financing.JEL classification: G14, G15.
All Bark and No Bite: Notes on the Federal Constitutional Court's ‘Banana Decision’
Authors: Schmid Christoph U. 
Published: March 2003

The Federal Constitutional Court's banana decision of 7 June 2000 continues the complex theme of national fundamental‐rights control over Community law. Whereas in the ‘Solange II’ decision (BVerfGE 73, 339) the Federal Constitutional Court had lowered its standard of review to the general guarantee of the constitutionally mandatorily required minimum, the Maastricht judgment (BVerfGE 89, 155) had raised doubts as to the continued validity of this case law. In the banana decision, which was based on the submission of the EC banana market regulation by the Frankfurt‐am‐Main administrative court for constitutional review, the Federal Constitutional Court has now confirmed the ‘Solange II’decision and restrictively specified the admissibility conditions for constitutional review of Community law as follows. Constitutional complaints and judicial applications for review of European legislation alleging fundamental‐rights infringements are inadmissible unless they show that the development of European law including Court of Justice case law has since the ‘Solange II’ decision generally fallen below the mandatorily required fundamental‐rights standard of the Basic Law in a given field. This would require a comprehensive comparison of European and national fundamental‐rights protection.This paper criticises this formula as being logically problematic and scarcely compatible with the Basic Law. Starting from the position that national constitutional courts active even in European matters should be among the essential vertical ‘checks and balances’ in the European multi‐level system, a practical alternative to the Federal Constitutional Court's retreat is developed. This involves at the first stage a submission by the Federal Constitutional Court to the Court of Justice, something that in the banana case might have taken up questions on the method of fundamental‐rights review and the internal Community effect of WTO dispute settlement decisions. Should national constitutional identity not be upheld even by this, then at a second stage, as ultima ratio taking recourse to general international law, the call is made for the decision of constitutional conflicts by an independent mediating body.
The Dialoguer: An Interactive Bilingual Interface to a Network Operating System
Authors: Al‐Shawakfa Emad , Evens Martha 
Published: March 2003

We have developed a bilingual interface to the Novell network operating system, called the Dialoguer. This system carries on a conversation with the user in Arabic or English or a combination of the two and attempts to help the user use the Novell network operating system. Learning to use an operating system is a major barrier in starting to use computers. There is no single standard for operating systems which makes it difficult for novice users to learn a new operating system. With the proliferation of client–server environments, users will eventually end up using one network operating system or another. These problems motivated our choice of an area to work in and they have made it easy to find real users to test our system.This system is both an expert system and a natural language interface. The system embodies expert knowledge of the operating system commands and of a large variety of plans that the user may want to carry out. The system also contains a natural language understanding component and a response generation component. The Dialoguer makes extensive use of case frame tables in both components. Algorithms for handling a bilingual dialogue are one of the important contributions of this paper along with the Arabic case frames.
Chaotic analysis of predictability versus knowledge discovery techniques: case study of the Polish stock market
Authors: Chun Se–Hak , Kim Kyoung–Jae , Kim Steven H. 
Published: March 2003

Increasing evidence over the past decade indicates that financial markets exhibit nonlinear dynamics in the form of chaotic behavior. Traditionally, the prediction of stock markets has relied on statistical methods including multivariate statistical methods, autoregressive integrated moving average models and autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models. In recent years, neural networks and other knowledge techniques have been applied extensively to the task of predicting financial variables.This paper examines the relationship between chaotic models and learning techniques. In particular, chaotic analysis indicates the upper limits of predictability for a time series. The learning techniques involve neural networks and case–based reasoning. The chaotic models take the form of R/S analysis to measure persistence in a time series, the correlation dimension to encapsulate system complexity, and Lyapunov exponents to indicate predictive horizons. The concepts are illustrated in the context of a major emerging market, namely the Polish stock market.
Did the Priests Plant a Cross in This Woman’s Loins? Love and/or Marriage in the Middle Ages
Authors: Stafford Pauline 
Published: March 2003

Brooke, Christopher N.L. The Medieval Idea of MarriageDuby, Georges Love and Marriage in the Middle AgesSheehan, Michael M. Marriage, Family and Law in Medieval Europe: Collected StudiesLaiou, Angeliki, E. (ed.) Consent and Coercion to Sex and Marriage in Ancient and Medieval SocietiesElliott, Dyan Spiritual Marriage: Sexual Abstinence in Medieval Wedlock
The Uterus in History
Authors: Hall Lesley A. 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Rickie Solinger (ed.), Abortion Wars: A Half Century of Struggle, 1950‐2000Nicola Beisel, Imperilled Innocents: Anthony Cornstock and Family Reproduction in Victorian AmericaHelen Hardacre, marketing the menacing Fetus in JapanKaren Newman, Fetal Positions: Individualism, Science, Visuality
With Cutlass and Compress: Women's Relations with the Sea
Authors: Stanley Jo 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Margaret S. Creighton and Lisa Norling (eds), Iron Men, Wooden Women:Gender and Seafaring in the Atlantic Worlds 1700‐1920Elaine Forman Crane, Ebb Tide in New England: Women, Seaportsand Social Change 1630‐1800Hans Turley, Rum, Sodomy and the Lash: Piracy, Sexuality and Masculine IdentityViolet Jessop, Titanic Survivor: the Memoirs of Violet Jessop, Stewardess
Mining Gender
Authors: Porsild Charlene 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Sally Zanjani, A Mine of Her Own: Women Prospectors in the American West1850‐1950Mary Murphy, Mining Cultures: Men, Women, and Leisure in Butte, 1914‐41Thomas Miller Klubock, Contested Communities: Class, Gender, andPolitics in Chile’s El Teniente Copper Mine, 1904‐1951
Family and Sexuality the American Way
Authors: D'Cruze Shani 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Karen Dubinsky, The Second Greatest Disappointment: Honeymooning and Tourism at Niagara FallsKathleen Anne McHugh, American Domesticity: From How‐to Manual to Hollywood MelodramaLeila J. Rupp, A Desired Past: A Short History of Same‐Sex Love in AmericaJohn C. Spurlock and Cynthia A. Magistro, New and Improved: The Transformation of American Women's Emotional CultureJessica Weiss, To Have and To Hold: Marriage, the Baby Boom and Social Change
Godliness, Sex and Propaganda: Gender in the Confessional Age
Authors: Walker Claire 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Kenneth Charlton, Women, Religion and Education in Early Modern England Frances E. Dolan, Whores of Babylon: Catholicism, Gender and Seventeenth–Century Print CultureMarilyn J. Westerkamp, Women and Religion in Early America 1600–1850: The Puritan and Evangelical TraditionsMerry E. Wiesner–Hanks, Christianity and Sexuality in the Early Modern World: Regulating Desire, Reforming Practice
Prostitution as a Male Object of Epistemological Pain
Authors: Letiche Hugo , Van Mens Lucie 
Published: March 2003

It is not, in the first place, prostitutes’ physical and psychological pain that is examined in this article, but the pain encountered in trying to come to terms with the studying of prostitution. Prostitution upsets consciousness’ efforts and confuses its epistemes of representation. It reveals issues of (male) avoidance and over‐rationalization that apply just as well to how business and organization are (not) studied, as to prostitution.Following Artaud, we examine how, because prostitution is both consciousness (idea, theory, representation) and body (sex, body, the physiology of the brain), it poses the problem of doubling. How can one apprehend both: (i) that one is the physical hyle (materiality) of thought and also (ii) remain aware of the contents of consciousness? Artaud claimed that only in ‘cruelty’ and the ‘scream’ could the mind and body be grasped at once. By contrast, Derrida proposes via the subjectile to glide over the space between consciousness and body, trying to acknowledge but not be stymied by the double. Finally, we turn to Irigaray who has accepted doubling and has made it epistemologically productive.
The Effectiveness of Employment Vouchers: A Simple Approach
Authors: Orszag J. Michael , Snower Dennis J. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
This paper explores the optimal design of subsidies for hiring unemployed workers (`employment vouchers' for short) in the context of a simple dynamic model of the labour market. Focusing on the short-term and long-term effects of the vouchers on employment and unemployment, the analysis shows how the optimal policy depends on the rates of hiring and firing, and on the problems of displacement and deadweight. It also examines the roles of the government budget constraint and of the level of unemployment benefits in optimal policy design. We calibrate the model and evaluate the effectiveness of employment vouchers in reducing unemployment for a wide range of feasible parameters.
Some Thoughts on Monetary Targeting vs. Inflation Targeting
Authors: Cabos Karen , Funke Michael , Siegfried Nikolaus A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
We offer some empirical evidence on the likely scale of control and indicator problems surrounding alternative monetary targets and a direct inflation target. The links between monetary policy actions and inflation are estimated in dynamic linear models using the Kalman filter. We compare alternative intermediate-target and final-target monetary strategies using German data from the end of the Bretton Woods system until 1997. The estimation results show that broad money dominates narrow money as an intermediate target, while control problems involved in targeting broad money are larger than for direct inflation targets.
Parimutuel Lotteries: Gamblers' Behavior and the Demand for Tickets
Authors: Hauser-Rethaller Ursula , König Ulrich 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
In a parimutuel lottery, players face a strategic situation. We investigate how rational lottery players should choose combinations of numbers. Using data from the Austrian Lotto we compare this to actual behavior. We propose a relationship between the number of tickets and the expected loss of taking part, based on both theoretical and empirical findings about players' behavior. Rollovers introduce exogenous price variation allowing to estimate properties of a demand function sensitive to the expected loss. Contrary to previous work our model accounts for conscious selection.
False Friends, Spiteful Enemies: a Community at Law in Early Modern England
Authors: Churches Christine 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
This article examines a body of lawsuits from the fast‐growing colliery port of Whitehaven in northwest England, in the early eighteenth century. The matching estate correspondence illuminates how litigation affected relations between the major landowning family and their tenants, and how it was used by different interest groups within the town. Looking at the use of the law from the standpoint of the litigants, examining who initiated the suits and why, and with what results, will go some way in furthering our knowledge of the culture of the law in early modern England.
Between Myth and Margin: The Huguenots in Irish History*
Authors: Ludington Charles C. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
This article surveys the modern historiography of the Huguenots in Ireland. As victims of religious persecution, but also as Protestants, the historiography of the Huguenots in Ireland provides an excellent barometer for measuring contemporary political and historiographical concerns within Ireland. In the long and arduous struggles over Irish identity, religion and political control, the Huguenots have been used by some historians to represent heroic Protestant victims of Catholic, absolutist tyranny, and the prosperity‐inducing values of Protestant dissent. Alternatively, they have been overlooked as inconsequential bit‐players in the clear cultural and political divide between Saxon and Celt. In post‐1920 Ireland, they have also represented the legitimacy of southern Irish Protestantism. More recently, professional historians have attempted to examine the Huguenot refugee communities in Ireland with no preconceived notions or political points of view. This approach has proved fruitful. Nevertheless, by representing European connections in Irish history and cultural diversity within Irish society at a time when these issues are debated throughout the island, the Huguenots in Ireland remain a potent political symbol.
Words by the Numbers: a Quantitative Analysis and Comparison of the Oratorical Careers of William Ewart Gladstone and Winston Spencer Churchill*
Authors: Meisel Joseph S. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
This article examines and compares the oratorical productivity of Gladstone and Churchill, two long-lived British statesmen and iconic prime ministers noted for their powers as public speakers. Based upon data sources providing the date, subject and location of their speeches (over 2,000 each), quantitative analyses provide new ways of viewing the patterns and emphases of Gladstone's and Churchill's political careers, and establish a new basis for assessing the role of oratory in their public lives and reputations. Comparisons between Gladstone's and Churchill's public speaking careers shed new light on the changing structures, practices and technologies of British politics from the eighteen-thirties to the nineteen-fifties.
A Forgotten Crusade: Alfonso VII of León-Castile and the Campaign for Jaén (1148)
Authors: Barton Simon 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Between 1147 and 1149 the rulers of the realms of Christian Iberia conducted a series of victorious campaigns against the Muslims of the peninsula. Although it has been widely assumed that Alfonso VII of León-Castile remained militarily inactive during 1148, Christian and Muslim sources, notably the Anales Toledanos and the Ibar of Ibn-Khaldu¯n, indicate that the emperor led an unsuccessful expedition to capture Jaén in that year; and that he sought papal encouragement for his efforts. The Jaén crusade should be viewed in the context of a general Christian offensive backed by the papacy to destroy the power of Islam.
Children and the Law: The Place of Health Professionals1
Authors: Kaplan Carole 
Published: March 2003

Background: Mental health professionals and lawyers must work together in the best interests of children and adolescents at many different interfaces. Professionals in the health and legal professions often face criticism of their work and friction can develop.Method: In this paper I have considered some of the issues that should be addressed, including the introduction of the White Paper on Mental Health and the existing Children Act; the work done in Tribunals considering applications for children; the demands made on experts in Court cases and some of the difficult areas of medical ethics.Conclusions: A great deal of complex work is done at the interface between child mental health and the law – a considerable effort is needed to maintain this and make the needed improvements in this field.