bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Icon of New Order to Symbol of Disorder Students and the End of Revolution
Authors: Morrissey Susank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The end of revolution inaugurated a prolonged crisis of authority in Russia. With its power reestablished through arbitrary and often bloody repression, the government lacked legitimacy among broad sections of society, from politicized urban workers to liberal professionals. At the same time, the specter of violence and disorder only polarized social and political groups, hindering the reemergence of a united democratic front. Though the State Duma remained a forum of opposition, it was a symbol of potential progress rather than a fully empowered constitutional body. In this new and ambiguous order, dominated by competing social classes, economic interests, and political parties, public fears rose over perceived increases in crime, disease, and disorder.1 To a great extent, Russia seemed to have lost her moral ballast.
Telling Tales
Authors: Moore James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The anecdote is the literary form that uniquely lets history happen by virtue of the way it introduces an opening into the teleological, and therefore timeless, narration of beginning, middle, and end. The anecdote produces the effect of the real, the occurrence of contingency, by establishing an event as an event within and yet without the framing context of historical successivity Thoepening of history that is effected by the anecdote, the hole and rim-using psychoanalytic language, the orifice-traced out by the anecdote within the totalizing whole of history, is something that is characteristically and ahistorically plugged up by a teleological narration that, though larger than the anecdote itself, is still constitutively inspired by the seductive opening of anecdotal form-thereby once again opening up the possibility, but, again, only the possibility, that this new narration, now complete within itself, and thereby rendered formally small-capable, therefore, of being anecdotalized-will itself be opened up by a further anecdotal operation, thereby calling forth some yet larger circumcising circumscription, and so, so on and so forth.
The Meaning of Science for Christians
Authors: Marsden George 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Walter Lippmann provided some of the most astute reflections on the Scopes trial in his “Dialogue on Olympus,” published in American Inquisitors: A Commentary on Dayton and Chicago (New York: Macmillan, 1928). In Lippmann’s dialogue, Socrates challenges Thomas Jefferson and William Jennings Bryan to clarify their views on science, religion, and the state.
The Challenge Of Mission
Authors: Sandler Martin W , Hudson Deborah A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How are we doing? Businesses answer that question by looking at the balance sheet, at cash register receipts, at the closing value of their stock. Nonprofits and government organizations look at mission. Mission is such a strong cohesive force that the corporate world has adopted the mission statement with a vengeance-and with mixed results. Some organizations have found that this new clarity of purpose has boosted morale and productivity. Others have created new dissension in the ranks by making a poorly designed mission statement the focus of a booster campaign, complete with posters and pins.
Serving The Customer
Authors: Sandler Martin W , Hudson Deborah A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When it comes to customer service, nonprofit and public organizations operate under severe handicaps. First, they don’t get their funds from customers. The people who pay for the services of the Salvation Army or the General Accounting Office rarely use the services directly. This distance from the quick feedback of the market can land an organization in trouble. It has earned the government a reputation for being slow moving. Nonprofits have been scolded more than once for providing endowed services that no one uses. In fact, government and nonprofits don’t necessarily suffer when demand for their services dries up; but they can suffer when consumer demand rises.
Selling The Product
Authors: Sandler Martin W , Hudson Deborah A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During our investigations, we made some exciting discoveries. One of the biggest came as a blinding flash of the obvious one afternoon after we had completed what we felt was truly our final list of basic competencies shared by all the organizations we had chosen. As we were discussing-for what seemed like the thousandth time-this list of competencies, we became aware that we had over looked one big factor: Many of our organizations owe their effectiveness and even their existence to the manner in which, in one way or another, they sell their products or services. When we say “sell,” we are not talking about marketing or customer awareness.
Forming Effective Partnerships
Authors: Sandler Martin W , Hudson Deborah A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the changed economy of the nineties, belt tightening is n’t going to be enough. Businesses are responding to increased competition with serious layoffs (euphemized as downsizing or rightsizing) and massive restructuring. Nonprofits and public agencies are facing the same tough realities. Over the past two decades, nonprofits have come face to face with harsh new challenges as traditional sources for workers-paid and unpaid-have dried up or shifted. At the same time, financial grants to nonprofits from government and private sources have shrunk or disappeared completely. Severe budget reductions and widespread taxpayer revolt have forced government agencies (federal, state, and local) to tackle more with less.
Valuing People
Authors: Sandler Martin W , Hudson Deborah A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our top-performing nonprofits and public agencies hire from the same talent pool as business organizations. They cannot afford to pay their employees as much as they would get in most corporations. They have few cash incentives to offer. Yet their people often outperform their business counterparts. The outstanding agencies we studied fuel performance by developing, supporting, and rewarding their employees’ commitment rather than by trying to control people into giving their best. All of these organizations have developed a range of attitudes, habits, programs, and strategies to get the most from their people and to enable their employees and volunteers to get the most from their work experience.
Communicating Effectively
Authors: Sandler Martin W , Hudson Deborah A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the early stages of our project we placed hundreds of phone calls and sent an equal number of letters seeking general information and the opportunity to interview managers and employees of interesting organizations. Although we did n’t fully realize it at the time, these first contacts had a real influence on our final selections. If our early inquiries went unheeded, if we were delayed or put off, we had immediate doubts about the overall quality of the organization, no matter how highly it had been recommended to us.
Drama and Metafiction
Authors: Dobrov Gregory W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hermes is the bearer of communication from author to audience who “ponders word and deed at once.” “Born at dawn,” according to the Homeric Hymn, “by mid day he played his lyre, and at evening he stole the cattle of far-shooting Apollon ... the very day mighty Maia bore him.” In our first encounter with him we, like Apollon of the hymn or Sophokles’ satyr trackers, are at once bewildered and amused by how much this child seems to have mastered within moments of his birth. His lyric improvisations and the invention of fire call to mind the quintessentially creative Prometheus.
Figures of Play, Part 1
Authors: Dobrov Gregory W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Studies of contemporary film have produced a taxonomy of reflexive techniques ranging from various uses of the equipment, titles, and dialogue, to the phenomenon of the cinema itself. While there is no comparable survey of ancient metatheater, the genre-specific work of Bain and Bierl, on tragedy, and Rau, on comedy, offers sound points of departure. Taking a somewhat different approach, however, this study will aim at a level of abstraction where tragic and comic reflexivity meaningfully inform each other. The categories are simple, but their realization is complex and varied. Each “figure of play” outlined here, in practice, subsumes dozens of individual techniques and related substrategies. This variety and complexity will be best explored in the context of individual plays and scenes.
Aias
Authors: Dobrov Gregory W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This section on the anatomy of dramatic fiction begins with studies of two important and well-known theatrical insets involving punitive madness inflicted on a mortal by a god. Though quite phenomenologically distinct, tragedy mise en abyme and the comic contrafact have in common their transformation of myth. They both reveal, in different ways, how drama projected a familiar narrative of the past into the dialogic space of the theater as an entry in the polis’s ongoing analysis of itself.
The Qur’an: Created or Eternal with God?
Authors: Sachedina Abdulaziz A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
SYNOPSIS The discussion about God’s permanent attributes; the question of whether the Qur’an was created or eternal is an extraneous matter that has no connection with the Islamic doctrine; God’s attributes of essence and attributes of action; the speech of the soul; the proof of the Ash’arites in support of the speech of the soul; the imagination about the speech before its genesis is alien to the speech of the soul; the speech of the soul-a matter purely speculative.
Introduction: Hesiod, Poet And Farmer
Authors: Nelson Stephanie A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Greek civilization was founded, as the Greeks themselves believed, by two poets, Hesiod and Homer. This was very fortunate for Greece, but somewhat unlucky for Hesiod. Homer is a hard act to follow. Like Ben Jonson, who had the misfortune to live in Shakespearean England, Hesiod was born an also-ran; the shadow of Homer has, from the very beginning, obscured his unique virtues. Unfortunately, Hesiod’s poems, which are very unlike Homer’s, completely resist a “Homeric” approach, revealing their beauty only when taken on their own terms. This is what fortune has denied them. From Herodotus to the latest critical work, it is a rare reference to Hesiod which does not position him in relation to Homer. In contrast, few studies of Homer have felt it necessary to point out that he was a near-contemporary of Hesiod’s.
The Composition Of Hesiod’s Poems
Authors: Nelson Stephanie A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The discovery of tablets inscribed with the writing known as Linear Bproved that the Greeks of the Minoan and Mycenaean ages were literate. There is no further evidence of writing in Greece until around the time of Homer and Hesiod. Homer’s description of the “baleful signs” unwittingly carried by the hero Bellerophon (Iliad 6.168) suggests a tradition more familiar with spells than with alphabets. And yet Homer’s poems describe a time nearly five hundred years before his own. It is difficult to see how, in the absence of written records, this is possible. The explanation appears to lie in the existence of an oral tradition that gradually developed its own “epic language,” combining elements of various dialects and developing standard epithets and descriptions of common acts, such as sacrifice, or setting sail. The language passed from one poet to another, each poet adopting what he found useful and further modifying it. In this way the epic tongue spread throughout Greece, and down through the centuries which separated the epic poets from the heroes they celebrated.
The Mythic Background
Authors: Nelson Stephanie A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hesiod’s prologue to the Works and Days closes unexpectedly. After eight lines describing the power of Zeus he suddenly declares: “Hear, see, give ear; straighten court judgments with justice. / This is your part. I would wish to speak very truth to Perses” Perses who? Who Perses is, or why Hesiod should address the poem to him, is not explained. Hesiod moves directly into his description of the two goddesses Strife, a bad goddess who causes war, thievery, and litigation, and a good goddess who encourages men to work and keep to straight justice.
Successful Vision Transformations Completed and in Progress
Authors: Flamholtz Eric G , Randle Yvonne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter deals with organizations that have either completed or are in the process of making Transformations of the Third Kind. Specifically, these transformations involve a metamorphosis from one kind of business to another based on differences in business vision. They involve changing the game that the firm is playing. Unfortunately, although several organizations have embarked on this type of transformation, there are relatively few completed “success stories.”
Ions at the Particle–Aqueous Solution Interface
Authors: Sposito Garrison 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Adsorption is the process through which a chemical substance accumulates at the common boundary of two contiguous phases. If the reaction produces enrichment of the substance in an interfacial layer, the process is termed positive adsorption. If instead a depletion of the substance is produced, the process is termed negative adsorption. If one of the contiguous phases involved is solid and the other fluid, the solid phase is termed the adsorbent and the matter which accumulates at its surface is an adsorbate. A chemical species in the fluid phase that potentially can be adsorbed is termed an adsorptive. If the adsorbate is immobilized on the adsorbent surface over a time scale that is long, say when compared to that for diffusive motions of the adsorptive, the adsorbate, together with the site on the adsorbent surface to which it is bound, are termed an adsorption complex.
Modeling Ion Adsorption
Authors: Sposito Garrison 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A net particle surface charge different from zero signals the existence of adsorbed ions that are not bound in surface complexes. These ions constitute a diffiuse swarm (or diffiuse layer), the contribution of which to surface charge balance is epitomized in eq. 1.43. Diffiuse swarm species are relatively free to move about in the aqueous solution contacting a charged particle, although they are expected to respond to surface charge by distributing themselves in order to screen it effectively, either by accumulating near an adsorbent (counterions) or by depleting themselves from the interfacial region (coions). Screened particle charge, in turn, mediates interparticle interactions in colloidal suspensions, with important consequences for suspension structure and stability (see section 5.3).
Introduction:Edwards as an “Artful Theologian”
Authors: McClymond Michael J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since Perry Miller’s biography of Jonathan Edwards began a new cycle of study almost fifty years ago, research into Edwards’s life and thought has advanced considerably.1 No longer is the intellectual giant of colonial America surrounded by the obscurity to which early generations had consigned him. Yale University Press is steadily producing a definitive and critical edition of his works, with sixteen sizeable volumes to date.2 New secondary studies on Edwards appear regularly. Academics from a range of disciplines-history, American studies, theology, philosophy, and literary criticism-have given Edwards serious scholarly attention. As an index to the quickening tempo of research, the total number of dissertations on Edwards increased in geometrical proportion during much of the last half century, doubling during each successive decade from 1940 to 1980.
The Idea of Deserts
Authors: Goodman Lenn E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Philosophers may seem to pay inordinate attention to questions about the source of legal or political authority. Is it man or God or nature, fact or convention, the consent or acquiescence of the governed or the dictum, tacit or explicit, of that by which they are governed-whether law or ruler, institution or individual, the collective wisdom of a society or its counterpart of unwisdom? The metaphor of a source from which authority flows may mask a damaging confusion between the fruitful and morally imperative quest for justification and the historical question of beginnings. For, whatever else authority may be, it is not the same as authorship. Thinkers who would never dream of judging another by an accident of birth blithely or anxiously seek the normativity of the law in the circumstances of its origin-as though legitimacy here meant what it once did in genealogy and was rather a test of rectitude than a mark of good fortune in the birth of a polity, or a person.
The Rights and Wrongs of Nations
Authors: Goodman Lenn E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite the metaphor of a common descent and the fiction of ethnic homogeneity, nations are more the stuff of history than of birth-just as cultures are more the stuff of birth than of independently achieved conviction. Mazzini’s world of nations, each situated in a single contiguous land mass, providentially fenced against invasion and warned against the hubris of expansion by the natural barriers of mountains, deserts, seas, and rivers, was always more ideal than fact. Hegel’s pure types were more the reflex of an armchair tourist’s fancy than the realization of any authentic encounter with the races and cultures he so pungently described. Outsiders often typify extremes, making essential what seems exotic, negating the deep unity of human experience. Whatever that experience may be, it is never, while we live, static or uniform - not in individuals and still less in groups.
The Basics of Thermodynamics
Authors: Girifalco Louis A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thermodynamics addresses those relations among the macroscopic properties of macroscopic systems that do not depend on the properties of its atomic constituents. It is a fact of experience that systems exist whose properties do not change with time, within the limits of measurement. It is also a fact that systems exist whose properties do change with time. In making such statements, the time scale must be considered. Thus, a piece of iron may have properties whose values are constant over some time period, say, one week, but over a period of months or years the iron might develop rust on its surface.
The Theory of Random Flight
Authors: Girifalco Louis A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The theory of the random motion of a particle through space has a variety of uses. Two important applications are to molecular or atomic diffusion, and to the statistics of long chain molecules. To clarify the concept of random flight, consider a particle that, starting from a fixed point R0 = 0, can move a distance r in any direction. After the first jump, the particle can again move in any direction, but with the same distance r. That is, the motion of the particle consists of a number of N sequential jumps in an arbitrary direction, but all having the same magnitude. The particle is said to have executed a random flight of N equal-sized steps that are defined by the set of vectors {r}N = r1, r2, r3, …, rN, each having a magnitude r, after which it has moved a distance R.
La Vita Nuova (Life Tranformed)
Authors: Brockelman Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As we have seen, influenced by the upper-class ancient Greek fascination with knowledge, the high tradition of philosophical theology in Europe interpreted Christian faith as a kind of cognitive or hypothetical understanding. Christian faith thereby underwent a tidal change in meaning from personal decision and transformation in the early Jesus movemententering the reign of God-to doctrines and dogmas about him. The struggle between this Hellenistic interpretation (hermeneutic) of life and faith and the early Jewish Jesus group’s interpretation was fought out in the developing cultural and religious history of Europe. In the medieval period, the issue was joined around the relationship of faith and reason. The so-called Voluntarists, for example, made the will essential to the life of faith, whereas the Thomists and Dominicans in general stressed the role of reason. Opposed to the rationalism of Descartes, Pascal considered faith to be a matter of the heart, a way of living in the spirit of love (caritas). Still later, Kierkegaard vigorously attacked Hegel’s rationalism from the point of view of Christian faith lying outside and beyond it. Indeed, for Kierkegaard living a life of reason was a form of despair and sin-an attempt to die while still living, a distraction and avoidance of the transformed life of grace.
Here’s the Story
Authors: Brockelman Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent developments in our scholarly understanding of religious mythology--especially creation mythology-have led to a new appreciation of the place of interpretive understanding in the formation and maintenance of human cultures and traditions. I have claimed that creation mythology was the traditional vehicle by means of which individuals and cultures in the past discovered a wider reality to which they belonged and through which they found their meaningful role and destiny in life. I argued that the bifurcation of life into two levels (the sacred and the ordinary or profane) within the creation myth affords a “grammar of interpretive understanding” by means of which humans come to see or interpretively understand their ordinary lives in the light of that deeper, ultimate and holy reality. By means of double metaphors, they encounter the sacred reality as, for example, a fertile mother or a loving father (first metaphor), and then “see” ordinary life “as” a dependent reflection of it.
Freedom of the Will
Authors: Chai Leon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We Can Only Imagine the scene: Jonathan Edwards, on July 1, 1750, preaching his farewell sermon to the congregation at Northampton. At that moment he must have recalled what it was like when, more than twenty years before, he had ascended the same pulpit for the first time as Solomon Stoddard’s successor. Now, as Edwards surveyed the faces of his audience, he would no doubt have recognized many of the same people who had welcomed him then as their new pastor. The same people would also have heard him when he delivered his sermons in November 1734 on "Justification by Faith Alone." Subsequently, they would have witnessed with him the remarkable revival in Northampton during the winter and spring of 1734-35. Still later, they would have experienced with the tumultuous passion of the Great Awakening. But now these same people had, with equal passion, pursued and finally brought about his dismissal.