bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses of β‐C(1→3)‐Glucopyranosides of 2‐ and 4‐Deoxy‐D‐hexoses
Authors: Demange Raynald , Bühlmann Carine , Vogel Pierre 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe OshimaNozaki (Et2AlI) condensation of isolevoglucosenone (4) with 2,6‐anhydro‐3,4,5,7‐tetra‐O‐benzyl‐D‐glycero‐D‐gulo‐heptose (5) gave an enone 6 that was converted with high stereoselectivity to 3‐C‐[(1R)‐2,6‐anhydro‐D‐glycero‐D‐gulo‐heptitol‐1‐C‐yl]‐2,3‐dideoxy‐D‐arabino‐hexose (1; 1 : 1 mixture of α‐ and β‐D‐pyranose), and to 3‐C‐[(1R)‐2,6‐anhydro‐D‐glycero‐D‐gulo‐heptitol‐1‐C‐yl]‐2,3‐dideoxy‐D‐lyxo‐hexose (2; 2.7 : 1.4 : 1.0 : 1.4 mixture of α‐D‐furanose, β‐D‐furanose, α‐D‐pyranose, and β‐D‐pyranose). The OshimaNozaki (Et2AlI) condensation of levoglucosenone (17) with aldehyde 5 gave an enone 18 that was converted with high stereoselectivity to 3‐C‐[(1R)‐2,6‐anhydro‐D‐glycero‐D‐gulo‐heptitol‐1‐C‐yl]‐3,4‐dideoxy‐α‐D‐arabino‐hexopyranose (3; single anomer).
Photocycloisomerization of Boc‐Protected 5‐Alkenyl‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐ pyrrol‐2‐ones
Authors: Wrobel Matthias N. , Margaretha Paul 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOn irradiation (254 nm), the newly synthesized Boc‐protected 5‐alkenyl‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrol‐2‐ones 13 undergo regioselective intramolecular [2+2] photocycloadditions. While the allyl derivatives 13a–13c afford mainly azatricyclo[3.3.0.02,7]octanones, i.e., crossed cycloadducts, the butenyl‐ and pentenyl‐substituted compounds 13d and 13e isomerize preferentially to straight cycloadducts.
Superoxide radical generation and Mn‐ and Cu‐Zn superoxide dismutases activities in human leukemic cells
Authors: Kato Masahiko , Minakami Hisanori , Kuroiwa Minoru , Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Oshima Shigeru , Kozawa Kunihisa , Morikawa Akihiro , Kimura Hirokazu 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMn‐ and Cu‐Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and generation of superoxide radicals (O) were assessed in leukemic cells from 10 patients with acute myeloid or monocytic leukemia (AML) and 10 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), using a sensitive, specific chemiluminescence method. Leukemic cells were classified according to the French–American–British classification. M4 AML cells from two patients produced some O upon stimulation with opsonized zymosan (OZ), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (FMLP), but less than normal granulocytes or monocytes. M5b AML cells from one patient produced as much O in response to these stimulants as normal monocytes. No O generation was induced in other types of leukemic cells. Total SOD activity in AML cells was significantly greater in normal granulocytes, but was only half of the activity in ALL cells. Mn‐SOD in AML cells was very low or undetectable. These results suggest that except in M5b cells, decreased O production may contribute to susceptibility to infections in AML patients. Decreased Mn‐SOD activity in AML cells may predispose them to oxidative stress. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection and monitoring of clonality in peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Leal E. , Esparza‐Flores M. A. , López‐Guido B. , Aguilar‐Luna C. , Aguilar‐López L. , Jaloma‐Cruz A. R. , Medina C. , Barros‐Núñez P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBone marrow (BM) is accepted as the tissue of choice for the detection of monoclonal populations in leukemias and lymphomas; however, obtaining BM can be painful and traumatic for the patients. Although it is possible to detect clonality in peripheral blood (PB) samples, there are no reports comparing the results observed from BM with those from PB. Lymphoblastic leukemias and lymphomas are derived from B‐lymphocytes in 80% of cases. In the early stages of their maturation, the immunoglobulin heavy chain genes (IgH) undergo rearrangements among their V, D, and J segments, giving rise to the Complementarity Determining Regions (CDR). Of these, CDR3 is unique for each lymphocyte and therefore it can be used as a tumour‐specific marker in these malignant disorders. Among the 104 patients from whom we obtained pre‐treatment paired samples of PB and BM, 94 (90.4%) showed concordant results. Similarly, at the end of treatment, 40 of 44 patients (90.9%) showed this concordance. During treatment only 24 patients were monitored and monoclones disappeared in 12 patients; in the other half, they persisted either partial or totally. We demonstrate that the detection and monitoring of monoclonal populations in the PB, in comparison with BM, was achieved with a statistical sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 92%. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementing EVA®: One company's story
Authors: Cagle Leisa , Smythe Thomas , Fulmer John 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThere has been a lot of talk about the benefits of increasing shareholder value, as measured by EVA
(Economic Value Added). But what problems do you face when you actually try to implement EVA?
And how can you overcome those obstacles? Here is how one company did it. © 2003 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.
ATP release from hypotonically stressed skate RBC: Potential role in osmolyte channel regulation
Authors: Goldstein Leon , Koomoa Dana‐Lynn , Musch Mark W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA variety of cells, including skate RBC, release osmolytes (e.g. taurine) when hypotonically swollen as part of a regulatory volume decrease. In this study we show that skate RBC also release ATP into the incubation medium under the same conditions. Furthermore extracellular ATP as well as other nucleotides likely to be released from the RBC, inhibit the hypotonically activated transport of taurine. Therefore, ATP and other nucleotides released from hypotonically stressed RBC have the potential to act as modulators of osmolyte release during hyposmotic stress. J. Exp. Zool. 296A:160–163, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Response of the thyroid gland of the lizard Podarcis sicula to endothelin‐1
Authors: Virgilio Francesca , Sciarrillo Rosaria , Laforgia Vincenza , Varano Lorenzo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAlthough endothelins were originally discovered as peptides with vasoconstrictor activity, recent studies have indicated a number of endothelin (ET) induced hormonal functions in various tissues. We have studied the interaction of ET‐1 with thyroid gland of the lizard Podarcis sicula. The effects of ET‐1 administration on the plasma levels of the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and TSH were stimulatory. Morphological changes in the thyroid after treatment with ET‐1 were also detected: the height of the epithelial cells slightly increased and the apical surface acquired microvilli protruding into the follicular lumen. The colloid filled up the lumen and showed a rich peripheral vacuolation. In conclusion, a modulatory role in the control of the reptilian thyroid gland is suggested for ET‐1. This is the first report on the interaction of ET‐1 with the thyroid gland of reptilian. J. Exp. Zool. 296A:137–142, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of foreign genes in lamprey embryos: An approach to study evolutionary changes in gene regulation
Authors: Kusakabe Rie , Tochinai Shin , Kuratani Shigeru 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEvolution in development can be viewed as a sequence of changes in gene regulation. To investigate the cross‐species compatibility of 5' upstream regulatory regions, we introduced exogenous gene constructs derived from a gnathostome genome into fertilized eggs of the Japanese lamprey, Lampetra japonica, a sister group of the gnathostomes. Eggs were injected with gene constructs in which a sequence encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) had been located downstream of either a virus promoter or 5' regulatory regions of medaka actin genes. Reporter gene expression was recorded for more than a month starting two days after injection. Although the expression patterns were highly mosaic and differed among individuals, GFP was expressed predominantly in the striated muscles of lamprey embryos when driven by the 5' upstream regions of the medaka muscle actin genes. This implies that a pan‐vertebrate muscle‐specific gene regulatory mechanism may have evolved before the agnathan/gnathostome divergence. This gene‐transfer technique potentially facilitates the visualization of cells in various differentiating tissues throughout development. The introduction of developmental genes of the lamprey or other animals into lamprey embryos is another potentially important application, one that could provide us with information on the evolutionary changes in functions of genes or gene cascades. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 296B:87–97, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental constraints in a comparative framework: A test case using variations in phalanx number during amniote evolution
Authors: Richardson Michael K. , Chipman Ariel D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractConstraints are factors that limit evolutionary change. A subset of constraints is developmental, and acts during embryonic development. There is some uncertainty about how to define developmental constraints, and how to formulate them as testable hypotheses. Furthermore, concepts such as constraint‐breaking, universal constraints, and forbidden morphologies present some conceptual difficulties. One of our aims is to clarify these issues. After briefly reviewing current classifications of constraint, we define developmental constraints as those affecting morphogenetic processes in ontogeny. They may be generative or selective, although a clear distinction cannot always be drawn. We support the idea that statements about constraints are in fact statements about the relative frequency of particular transformations (where ‘transformation’ indicates a change from the ancestral condition). An important consequence of this is that the same transformation may be constrained in one developmental or phylogenetic context, but evolutionarily plastic in another. In this paper, we analyse developmental constraints within a phylogenetic framework, building on similar work by previous authors. Our approach is based on the following assumptions from the literature: (1) constraints are identified when there is a discrepancy between the observed frequency of a transformation, and its expected frequency; (2) the ‘expected’ distribution is derived by examining the phylogenetic distribution of the transformation and its associated selection pressures. Thus, by looking for congruence between these various phylogenetic distribution patterns, we can test hypotheses about constraint. We critically examine this approach using a test case: variation in phalanx‐number in the amniote limb. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 296B:8–22, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulatory motifs are present in the ITS1 of some flatworm species
Authors: Van Herwerden Lynne , Caley M. Julian , Blair David 
Published: March 2003

AbstractParticular sequence motifs can act as transcription regulators. Because the total regulatory effects of such motifs can be related to their abundance, their presence might be expected at locations within the genome where sequences are repeated. Multiple repeats that vary in number among individuals occur within the ribosomal first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) in some species in three trematode genera: Paragonimus, Schistosoma and Dolichosaccus. In all of these genera we found in ITS1, sequences identical to known enhancer motifs. We also searched for, and identified, known regulatory motifs in published ITS1 sequences of other parasitic flatworms including Echinostoma spp. (Trematoda) and Echinococcus spp. (Cestoda) which lack multiple repeats in ITS1. We present three lines of evidence that this widespread occurrence of such motifs within the ITS1 of parasitic flatworms may indicate a functional role in regulating tissue‐ or stage‐specific transcription of ribosomal genes. First, these motifs are identical to ones whose functional roles have been established using in vitro assays of transcriptional rates. Second, in all 18 species investigated here, between one and three different regulatory motifs were identified. In 14 of these 18 species, the probability that at least one of these motifs occurred because of the random assortment of bases within the regions investigated was 10% or less. In 12 of these 14 species, the probability was 5% or less. Third, the evolutionary divergence of flatworm species investigated is quite ancient. Therefore, the interspecific distribution of motifs observed here, in a rapidly evolving region such as ITS1, is unlikely to be attributable solely to shared evolutionary histories. These results, therefore, suggest a broader functional role for the ITS1 than previously thought. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 296B:80–86, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vertex‐disjoint cycles containing prescribed vertices
Authors: Ishigami Yoshiyasu , Jiang Tao 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEnomoto 7 conjectured that if the minimum degree of a graph G of order n ≥ 4k − 1 is at least the integer $ \left \lfloor \sqrt{n+\left (\,{9 \over 4}k^2 - 4k + 1\right)} \,+ {3 \over 2}k - 1 \right \rfloor$, then for any k vertices, G contains k vertex‐disjoint cycles each of which contains one of the k specified vertices. We confirm the conjecture for n ≥ ck2 where c is a constant. Furthermore, we show that under the same condition the cycles can be chosen so that each has length at most six. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 42: 276–296, 2003
Two‐arc closed subsets of graphs
Authors: Conder Marston , Morton Margaret , Praeger Cheryl E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA subset of vertices of a graph is said to be 2‐arc closed if it contains every vertex that is adjacent to at least two vertices in the subset. In this paper, 2‐arc closed subsets generated by pairs of vertices at distance at most 2 are studied. Several questions are posed about the structure of such subsets and the relationships between two such subsets, and examples are given from the class of partition graphs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 42: 350–364, 2003
Total HCV core antigen assay: A new marker of hepatitis C viremia for monitoring the progress of therapy
Authors: Zanetti Alessandro R. , Romanò Luisa , Brunetto Maurizia , Colombo Massimo , Bellati Giorgio , Tackney Charles 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe ability of the total hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen assay was evaluated for monitoring the therapeutic responses of HCV‐infected patients treated with interferon. The ability to detect and quantitate an independent structural protein component of HCV, in the presence of circulating antibodies, makes this assay a valuable new tool in diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Measurement of total core antigen showed a strong dynamic correlation with HCV RNA data and may serve as an alternative direct marker of viral infection. In addition, with the advent of additional treatment protocols, a rapid, reliable assay for changes in HCV load may permit more frequent patient assessment and tailoring of the therapeutic regimen. J. Med. Virol. 70: 27–30, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of iatrogenic transmission of HCV in southern italy: Was the cause the salk polio vaccination?
Authors: Montella Maurizio , Crispo Anna , Grimaldi Maria , Tridente Vincenzo , Fusco Mario 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSince the first studies on hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence were published, it has been evident that southern Italy is an area of hyperendemicity. A recent study conducted in southern Italy suggested that the high prevalence of HCV infection might be the result of past iatrogenic transmission. Polio vaccination with the parenteral Salk vaccine between 1956 and 1965 by multiple use of unsafe glass syringes may have been one of the major causes of the spread of HCV infection among southern Italian adults who are now older than 40 years of age. Persons born between the 1940s and early 1960s have a nearly 3‐fold increased risk of HCV seropositivity than the younger age group. The findings are consistent with a cohort effect of exposure to the Salk parenteral vaccination. J. Med. Virol. 70: 49–50, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for a mid‐Pleistocene shift of ice‐drift pattern in the Nordic seas
Authors: Helmke Jan P. , Bauch Henning A. , Mazaud Alain 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSediment proxy records from a continuous, 1.5 million year long deep‐sea sediment core from a site in the western Norwegian Sea were used to obtain new insights into the nature of palaeoceanographic change in the northern North Atlantic (Nordic seas) during the climatic shift of the Mid‐Pleistocene Revolution (MPR). Red‐green sediment colour and magnetic susceptibility records both reveal significant differences in their mean values when comparing the intervals older than 700 000 yr (700 ka) with those from the past 500 kyr. The timing and duration of these changes indicates that the MPR in the Nordic seas is characterised by a gradual transition lasting about 200 kyr. Together with further sedimentological evidence this suggests that the mid‐Pleistocene climate shift was accompanied by a general change in ice‐drift pattern. It is further proposed that prior to the onset of the major late Pleistocene glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere a significant proportion of the ice in the eastern Nordic seas originated from a southern provenance, whereas later it dominantly came from the surrounding landmasses. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultraviolet and visible Raman spectroscopic investigations of nanocrystalline carbon thin films grown by bias‐assisted hot‐filament chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Gupta S. , Weiner B. R. , Nelson W. H. , Morell G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe structural bonding in a series of nanocrystalline carbon thin films grown under different substrate biasing conditions was analyzed using Raman spectroscopy in both the visible and ultraviolet (uv) regimes of the spectrum. The nanocrystalline carbon thin films studied were deposited by the hot‐filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) technique using a 2% concentration of methane in hydrogen. The films were deposited on molybdenum substrates under various substrate biasing conditions. A positive bias (forward) produced a continuous flow of electrons from the filament on to the substrate, whereas a negative bias (negative) caused the substrate to be bombarded with positive ions. Films were also grown under no bias, for comparison. Differences in the Raman spectra obtained with visible (λL = 514.5 nm) and uv (λL = 244.0 nm) excitation sources were investigated. Apart from the basic features consisting of D and G bands at around 1360 and 1580 cm−1 in the case of visible Raman spectra, an extra feature at around 1060 cm−1, denoted a T band, appeared in the uv Raman spectra only. Hence, uv Raman scattering measurements clearly revealed the presence of sp3‐bonded carbon atoms. The position and its intensity ratio with respect to the G peak [(I(T)/I(G)] were used to provide a reliable means to measure the sp3 C bonding fraction, which is both semi‐quantitative and non‐destructive. The sp3 content estimated within the microstructure of n‐C thin films was found to be around 60–80%. Further, probing the samples with two different photons (visible and uv) allowed us to estimate qualitatively the amount and clustering of sp2 sites. This technique provided a fast and reliable microstructural characterization of disordered carbons. The dispersion in the Raman features is specific to each carbon system and, therefore, can be used as a fingerprint. These findings point at the similarities of bias‐assisted HFCVD nanocrystalline carbon (n‐C) materials and the tetrahedrally bonded amorphous carbon (ta‐C) materials grown by ion‐beam assisted deposition (IBAD). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Koebnerization of reactive perforating collagenosis induced by laser hair removal
Authors: Doshi Seema N. , Levy Moise L. , Markus Ramsey 
Published: March 2003

AbstractLaser hair removal, due to demonstrated efficacy and safety, has become a commonly performed office procedure. We report an unusual occurrence after laser hair removal with the 800 nm diode laser that previously has never been described. After laser hair removal treatment to the ventral surface of the ears, a patient developed lesions of previously diagnosed reactive perforating collagenosis. Interestingly, the lesions appeared on the dorsal surface of the ears. Perhaps the koebner phenomenon was invoked as the laser energy penetrated to the untreated dorsal surface, which was not protected by epidermal contact cooling. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:177–179, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effective embeddings into strong degree structures
Authors: McNicholl Timothy H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe show that any partial order with a Σ3 enumeration can be effectively embedded into any partial order obtained by imposing a strong reducibility such as ≤tt on the c. e. sets. As a consequence, we obtain that the partial orders that result from imposing a strong reducibility on the sets in a level of the Ershov hiearchy below ω + 1 are co‐embeddable.
Novel Aliphatic Polyesters Based on Functional Cyclic (Di)Esters
Authors: Lou Xudong , Detrembleur Christophe , Jérôme Robert 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRecent progress in the chemical synthesis of novel aliphatic polyesters via ring‐opening polymerization of functional cyclic (di)esters are reviewed in this article. Syntheses of these functional aliphatic polyesters are being classified into three groups according to the structure of the cyclic monomers: (i) cyclic diesters, (ii) morpholine‐2,5‐dione derivatives, and (iii) cyclic esters. Progress in the synthesis and polymerization of monomers in each category is reported with an emphasis on controlled synthesis. The recent achievements have enabled the synthesis of a variety of novel aliphatic polyesters, including hydrophilic, halogenated, and unsaturated polyesters.
Structure of the most common R‐functionalized cyclic precursors of aliphatic polyesters.magnified imageStructure of the most common R‐functionalized cyclic precursors of aliphatic polyesters.
Inhibition of cell‐cycle effectors of proliferation in bladder tumor epithelial cells by the p75NTR tumor suppressor
Authors: Khwaja Fatima , Djakiew Daniel 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe neurotrophin (NTR) receptor (p75NTR) is a cell‐surface glycoprotein that binds to the neurotrophin family of growth factors, of which the prototypic member is nerve growth factor (NGF). This receptor was previously shown to retard cell‐cycle progression by inducing accumulation of cells in G1 with a concomitant reduction of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, p75NTR was shown to be an effective tumor suppressor of bladder cancer cell growth in vivo. In order to investigate the mechanism of p75NTR‐dependent suppression of cell‐cycle progression, we utilized transgenic clones of bladder tumor cells that express p75NTR in increasing concentrations to demonstrate an effect of p75NTR on the levels of cell‐cycle regulatory proteins that modulate proliferation of tumor cells. A rank‐order (dose‐dependent) increase in p75NTR protein expression was associated with a decrease in cell proliferation. This p75NTR‐dependent suppression of proliferation was rescued with NGF. In the absence of ligand, a dose‐dependent increase in p75NTR protein expression was associated with reduced expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, and cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) as well as decreased cdk2 activity. There was also a decrease in the expression of hyper‐phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein, the transcription factor E2F1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and there was an increase in expression of hypophosphorylated Rb and the cdk inhibitor p16Ink4a with increasing p75NTR expression. Treatment of tumor cells with NGF ameliorated these p75NTR‐dependent changes in the levels of cell‐cycle regulatory proteins and rescued the tumor cells from p75NTR‐dependent inhibition of proliferation. Hence, it can be concluded that p75NTR inhibits proliferation by altering the expression of cell‐cycle regulatory proteins and that NGF ameliorates this effect. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.