bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHronic hypERtension and L-citRulline studY (CHERRY): an Early-Phase Randomised Controlled Trial in Pregnancy
Authors: Ormesher Laura , Worton Stephanie A. , Best Ashley , Dodd Susanna R. , Dempsey Alice , Cottrell Elizabeth C. , Glossop Heather , Chmiel Catherine , Wu Hoi Yee , Hardwick Ben , Hennessy Sophie , Johnstone Edward D. , Myers Jenny E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOral supplementation with L-citrulline, which is sequentially converted to L-arginine then nitric oxide, improves vascular biomarkers and reduces blood pressure in non-pregnant, hypertensive human cohorts and pregnant mice with a pre-eclampsia-like syndrome. This early-phase randomised feasibility trial assessed the acceptability of L-citrulline supplementation to pregnant women with chronic hypertension and its effects on maternal BP and other vascular outcomes. Pregnant women with chronic hypertension were randomised at 12–16 weeks to receive 3-g L-citrulline twice daily (n = 24) or placebo (n = 12) for 8 weeks. Pregnant women reported high acceptability of oral L-citrulline. Treatment increased maternal plasma levels of citrulline, arginine and the arginine:asymmetric dimethylarginine ratio, particularly in women reporting good compliance. L-citrulline had no effect on diastolic BP (L-citrulline: − 1.82 95% CI (− 5.86, 2.22) vs placebo: − 5.00 95% CI (− 12.76, 2.76)), uterine artery Doppler or angiogenic biomarkers. Although there was no effect on BP, retrospectively, this study was underpowered to detect BP changes < 9 mmHg, limiting the conclusions about biological effects. The increase in arginine:asymmetric dimethylarginine ratio was less than in non-pregnant populations, which likely reflects altered pharmacokinetics of pregnancy, and further pharmacokinetic assessment of L-citrulline in pregnancy is advised.Trial Registration EudraCT 2015-005792-25 (2017-12-22) and ISRCTN12695929 (2018-09-20)
Graphical Abstract
In pregnant women with chronic hypertension, L-citrulline is an acceptable intervention which increased plasma L-citrulline bioavailability but did not affect BP, potentially due to altered pharmacokinetics of pregnancy.
Student Development Theory and the Transformation of Student Affairs in the 1970s
Authors: McNeely Ian F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStudent development theory (SDT) is a diverse corpus of academic and popular psychology with real-world application to the maturation of college and university students. It originated during the campus upheavals of the 1960s as part of a collective effort to reconcile restive students to mass higher education and modern technological society. Then, in the 1970s, SDT was implemented and refined by an ambitious generation of student affairs professionals eager for institutional influence and academic legitimacy. By providing an animating moral and intellectual purpose to the bureaucratic sundering of student affairs divisions from academic affairs divisions, SDT abetted a lasting institutional and cultural change in the organization of the modern university circa 1970. As a discourse of therapeutic empowerment, SDT has had an enduring influence on the daily practice of student affairs administration in the five decades since.
Compressible turbulent convection in highly stratified adiabatic background
Authors: Panickacheril John John , Schumacher Jörg 
Published: October 2023

Buoyancy-driven turbulent convection leads to a fully compressible flow with a prominent top-down asymmetry of first- and second-order statistics when the adiabatic equilibrium profiles of temperature, density and pressure change very strongly across the convection layer. The growth of this asymmetry and the formation of an increasingly thicker stabilized sublayer with a slightly negative mean convective heat flux$J_c(z)$at the top of the convection zone is reported here by a series of highly resolved three-dimensional direct numerical simulations beyond the Oberbeck–Boussinesq and anelastic limits for dimensionless dissipation numbers,$0.1 \le D\le 0.8$, at fixed Rayleigh number$Ra=10^6$and superadiabaticity$\epsilon =0.1$. The highly stratified compressible convection regime appears for$D > D_{crit}\approx 0.65$, when density fluctuations collapse to those of pressure; it is characterized by an up to nearly 50 % reduced global turbulent heat transfer and a sparse network of focused thin and sheet-like thermal plumes falling through the top sublayer deep into the bulk.
Molecular evidence for the first records and range extension of the great seahorse (Hippocampus kelloggi, Jordan & Snyder, 1901) in Quelimane, central coast of Mozambique
Authors: Muhala Valdemiro , Guimarães-Costa Aurycéia , Macate Isadola Eusébio , Watanabe Luciana , de Sousa Rodrigo Petry Corrêa , Rocha Guilhermina , Carneiro Jeferson , Vallinoto Marcelo , Sampaio Iracilda 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The family Syngnathidae contains 52 seahorse species, which inhabit a range of habitats including coral reefs, seagrass beds and coastal estuaries. The seahorse Hippocampus kelloggi is among the most widely distributed species, occurring from Indo-West Pacific to East Africa. This species was included in the IUCN Red List in 2017 and is classified as vulnerable according to A2cd criteria. In this study, three specimens collected from the central coast of Mozambique were investigated and based on morphology and mitochondrial subunit of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) were identified as H. kelloggi. These results confirmed for the first time the extensive range of occurrence of H. kelloggi on the central coast of Mozambique.
The March on Washington Movement, the Fair Employment Practices Committee, and the Long Quest for Racial Justice
Authors: Milkis Sidney , Rader Katherine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the summer of 1941, the March on Washington Movement (MOWM), led by the civil rights and labor leader A. Philip Randolph, planned to march tens of thousands of African Americans on Washington, DC, to pressure President Franklin Roosevelt to abolish discrimination in the federal government and defense industries. After intensive negotiations, Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802, banning those forms of discrimination and creating a federal agency to oversee this work: the Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC). Randolph and his allies use of pioneering pressure tactics coincided with a critical period of institutionalization of the modern presidency, ultimately resulting in executive action that significantly advanced civil rights and economic opportunity for Black Americans. Many scholars, focusing only on civil rights activists’ fraught relationship with Roosevelt and the Southern Democrats’ stubborn defense of Jim Crow in Congress and the states, have seen the highly contentious battles over the authority and policies of the FEPC as constituting a major defeat for MOWM’s state-centered civil rights strategy. Yet Randolph and his allies continued to believe that the most practical path to reform ran through the executive branch. In this article, we draw a contrast between the actions first taken by President Roosevelt with his wavering commitment to the FEPC and the stronger and more definitive actions taken by President Truman to desegregate the military and civil service, which broke open public-sector employment for African Americans. Beyond strategic considerations, the New Deal expansion of jobs in the national service and military made the modern executive an essential target of Randolph’s campaign to join the battles for civil rights with economic freedoms. Randolph’s decision to focus on employment in the rapidly expanding defense industries, federal workforce, and military thus marked a critical episode in the fight for the economic rights of Black Americans.
Methadone dose escalation in patients with opioid use disorder and cancer as a strategy for controlling cancer-related pain: A case series
Authors: Carli Marco , Fini Elisabetta , De Luca Giulia , Scarselli Marco , Lamanna Francesco , Vico Tiziana , Bocci Guido 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesOpioid use disorder (OUD) and cancer gained attention as co-occurring diseases in the last 2 decades due to the possible relationship between opioid prescriptions for cancer pain and the risk of developing substance use disorder in cancer patients. However, little is known about patients previously diagnosed with OUD who develop cancer and how to manage both OUD symptoms and control pain.MethodsThe present case series deals with this subpopulation and proposes a dose escalation of methadone to control both the cancer-related pain and drug addiction symptoms.ResultsThis approach is peculiar because methadone is not used as a first-line treatment in cancer pain management and is not often used as a second-line treatment as well. Our 4 patients experienced good clinical control of symptoms and no major adverse reactions.Significance of resultsThe subgroup of patients with OUD who develop cancer could be the perfect population to reconsider the use of methadone as a first-line treatment for cancer pain. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of increasing doses of methadone in these patients to validate our clinical approach.
Molecular response assessment using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in advanced solid tumors
Authors: Thompson Jeffrey C. , Scholes Dylan G. , Carpenter Erica L. , Aggarwal Charu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe therapeutic landscape for patients with advanced malignancies has changed dramatically over the last twenty years. The growing number of targeted therapies and immunotherapeutic options available have improved response rates and survival for a subset of patients, however determining which patients will experience clinical benefit from these therapies in order to avoid potential toxicities and reduce healthcare costs remains a clinical challenge. Cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is shed by tumor cells into systemic circulation and is already an integral part of routine clinical practice for the non-invasive tumor genotyping in advanced non-small cell lung cancer as well as other malignancies. The short half-life of ctDNA offers a unique opportunity to utilize early on-treatment changes in ctDNA for real-time assessment of therapeutic response and outcome, termed molecular response. Here, we provide a summary and review of the use of molecular response for the prediction of outcomes in patients with advanced cancer, including the current state of science, its application in clinic, and next steps for the development of this predictive tool.
An end-to-end pipeline for succinic acid production at an industrially relevant scale using Issatchenkia orientalis
Authors: Tran Vinh G. , Mishra Somesh , Bhagwat Sarang S. , Shafaei Saman , Shen Yihui , Allen Jayne L. , Crosly Benjamin A. , Tan Shih-I , Fatma Zia , Rabinowitz Joshua D. , Guest Jeremy S. , Singh Vijay , Zhao Huimin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMicrobial production of succinic acid (SA) at an industrially relevant scale has been hindered by high downstream processing costs arising from neutral pH fermentation for over three decades. Here, we metabolically engineer the acid-tolerant yeast Issatchenkia orientalis for SA production, attaining the highest titers in sugar-based media at low pH (pH 3) in fed-batch fermentations, i.e. 109.5 g/L in minimal medium and 104.6 g/L in sugarcane juice medium. We further perform batch fermentation using sugarcane juice medium in a pilot-scale fermenter (300×) and achieve 63.1 g/L of SA, which can be directly crystallized with a yield of 64.0%. Finally, we simulate an end-to-end low-pH SA production pipeline, and techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment indicate our process is financially viable and can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 34–90% relative to fossil-based production processes. We expect I. orientalis can serve as a general industrial platform for production of organic acids.
Retrosynthesis prediction with an interpretable deep-learning framework based on molecular assembly tasks
Authors: Wang Yu , Pang Chao , Wang Yuzhe , Jin Junru , Zhang Jingjie , Zeng Xiangxiang , Su Ran , Zou Quan , Wei Leyi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAutomating retrosynthesis with artificial intelligence expedites organic chemistry research in digital laboratories. However, most existing deep-learning approaches are hard to explain, like a “black box” with few insights. Here, we propose RetroExplainer, formulizing the retrosynthesis task into a molecular assembly process, containing several retrosynthetic actions guided by deep learning. To guarantee a robust performance of our model, we propose three units: a multi-sense and multi-scale Graph Transformer, structure-aware contrastive learning, and dynamic adaptive multi-task learning. The results on 12 large-scale benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of RetroExplainer, which outperforms the state-of-the-art single-step retrosynthesis approaches. In addition, the molecular assembly process renders our model with good interpretability, allowing for transparent decision-making and quantitative attribution. When extended to multi-step retrosynthesis planning, RetroExplainer has identified 101 pathways, in which 86.9% of the single reactions correspond to those already reported in the literature. As a result, RetroExplainer is expected to offer valuable insights for reliable, high-throughput, and high-quality organic synthesis in drug development.
Broad and colossal edge supercurrent in Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 Josephson junctions
Authors: Chu Chun-Guang , Chen Jing-Jing , Wang An-Qi , Tan Zhen-Bing , Li Cai-Zhen , Li Chuan , Brinkman Alexander , Xiang Peng-Zhan , Li Na , Pan Zhen-Cun , Lu Hai-Zhou , Yu Dapeng , Liao Zhi-Min 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEdge supercurrent has attracted great interest recently due to its crucial role in achieving and manipulating topological superconducting states. Proximity-induced superconductivity has been realized in quantum Hall and quantum spin Hall edge states, as well as in higher-order topological hinge states. Non-Hermitian skin effect, the aggregation of non-Bloch eigenstates at open boundaries, promises an abnormal edge channel. Here we report the observation of broad edge supercurrent in Dirac semimetal Cd3As2-based Josephson junctions. The as-grown Cd3As2 nanoplates are electron-doped by intrinsic defects, which enhance the non-Hermitian perturbations. The superconducting quantum interference indicates edge supercurrent with a width of ~1.6 μm and a magnitude of ~1 μA at 10 mK. The wide and large edge supercurrent is inaccessible for a conventional edge system and suggests the presence of non-Hermitian skin effect. A supercurrent nonlocality is also observed. The interplay between band topology and non-Hermiticity is beneficial for exploiting exotic topological matter.
Repressed Blautia-acetate immunological axis underlies breast cancer progression promoted by chronic stress
Authors: Ye Ling , Hou Yuanlong , Hu Wanyu , Wang Hongmei , Yang Ruopeng , Zhang Qihan , Feng Qiaoli , Zheng Xiao , Yao Guangyu , Hao Haiping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChronic stress is a known risk factor for breast cancer, yet the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study explores the potential involvement of microbial and metabolic signals in chronic stress-promoted breast cancer progression, revealing that reduced abundances of Blautia and its metabolite acetate may contribute to this process. Treatment with Blautia and acetate increases antitumor responses of CD8+ T cells and reverses stress-promoted breast cancer progression in female mice. Patients with depression exhibit lower abundances of Blautia and acetate, and breast cancer female patients with depression display lower abundances of acetate, decreased numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, and an increased risk of metastasis. These results suggest that Blautia-derived acetate plays a crucial role in modulating the immune response to breast cancer, and its reduction may contribute to chronic stress-promoted cancer progression. Our findings advance the understanding of microbial and metabolic signals implicated in cancer in patients with depression and may provide therapeutic options for female patients with breast cancer and depression.
Structural insights into the conformational changes of BTR1/SLC4A11 in complex with PIP2
Authors: Lu Yishuo , Zuo Peng , Chen Hongyi , Shan Hui , Wang Weize , Dai Zonglin , Xu He , Chen Yayu , Liang Ling , Ding Dian , Jin Yan , Yin Yuxin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBTR1 (SLC4A11) is a NH3 stimulated H+ (OH-) transporter belonging to the SLC4 family. Dysfunction of BTR1 leads to diseases such as congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). However, the mechanistic basis of BTR1 activation by alkaline pH, transport activity regulation and pathogenic mutations remains elusive. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of human BTR1 in the outward-facing state in complex with its activating ligands PIP2 and the inward-facing state with the pathogenic R125H mutation. We reveal that PIP2 binds at the interface between the transmembrane domain and the N-terminal cytosolic domain of BTR1. Disruption of either the PIP2 binding site or protonation of PIP2 phosphate groups by acidic pH can transform BTR1 into an inward-facing conformation. Our results provide insights into the mechanisms of how the transport activity and conformation changes of BTR1 are regulated by PIP2 binding and interaction of TMD and NTD.
Whole genome sequencing of increased number of azithromycin-resistant Shigella flexneri 1b isolates in Ontario
Authors: Neemuchwala Alefiya , Zittermann Sandra , Johnson Karen , Middleton Dean , Stapleton Patrick J. , Ravirajan Vithusha , Cronin Kirby , Allen Vanessa G. , Patel Samir.N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAzithromycin (AZM) resistance among Shigella is a major public health concern. Here, we investigated the epidemiology of Shigella flexneri serotype 1b recovered during 2016–2018 in Ontario, to describe the prevalence and spread of AZM resistance. We found that 72.3% (47/65) of cases were AZM–resistant (AZMR), of which 95.7% (45/47) were among males (P < 0.001). Whole-genome based phylogenetic analysis showed three major clusters, and 56.9% of isolates grouped within a single closely-related cluster (0–10 ∆SNP). A single AZMR clonal population was persistent over 3 years and involved 67.9% (36/53) of all male cases, and none reported international travel. In 2018, a different AZMR cluster appeared among adult males not reporting travel. A proportion of isolates (10.7%) with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (CIP) due to S83L mutation in gyrA were AZM susceptible, and 71.4% reported international travel. Resistance to AZM was due to the acquisition of mph gene-bearing incFII plasmids having > 95% nucleotide similarity to pKSR100. Plasmid-borne resistance limiting treatment options to AZM, ceftriaxone (CRO) and CIP was noted in a single isolate. We characterized AZMR isolates circulating locally among males and found that genomic analysis can support targeted prevention and mitigation strategies against antimicrobial-resistance.
The effect of unisensory and multisensory information on lexical decision and free recall in young and older adults
Authors: Atkin Christopher , Stacey Jemaine E. , Roberts Katherine L. , Allen Harriet A. , Henshaw Helen , Badham Stephen P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStudies using simple low-level stimuli show that multisensory stimuli lead to greater improvements in processing speed for older adults than young adults. However, there is insufficient evidence to explain how these benefits influence performance for more complex processes such as judgement and memory tasks. This study examined how presenting stimuli in multiple sensory modalities (audio–visual) instead of one (audio-only or visual-only) may help older adults to improve their memory and cognitive processing compared to young adults. Young and older adults completed lexical decision (real word vs. pseudoword judgement) and word recall tasks, either independently, or in combination (dual-task), with and without perceptual noise. Older adults were better able to remember words when encoding independently. In contrast, young adults were better able to remember words when encoding in combination with lexical decisions. Both young and older adults had better word recall in the audio–visual condition compared with the audio-only condition. The findings indicate significant age differences when dealing with multiple tasks during encoding. Crucially, there is no greater multisensory benefit for older adults compared to young adults in more complex processes, rather multisensory stimuli can be useful in enhancing cognitive performance for both young and older adults.
Humans inherit artificial intelligence biases
Authors: Vicente Lucía , Matute Helena 
Published: October 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence recommendations are sometimes erroneous and biased. In our research, we hypothesized that people who perform a (simulated) medical diagnostic task assisted by a biased AI system will reproduce the model's bias in their own decisions, even when they move to a context without AI support. In three experiments, participants completed a medical-themed classification task with or without the help of a biased AI system. The biased recommendations by the AI influenced participants' decisions. Moreover, when those participants, assisted by the AI, moved on to perform the task without assistance, they made the same errors as the AI had made during the previous phase. Thus, participants' responses mimicked AI bias even when the AI was no longer making suggestions. These results provide evidence of human inheritance of AI bias.
Mandibular morphology and the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in Westernmost Iberia
Authors: Godinho Ricardo Miguel , Umbelino Cláudia , Valera António Carlos , Carvalho António Faustino , Bicho Nuno , Cascalheira João , Gonçalves Célia , Smith Patricia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNeolithic farming and animal husbandry were first developed in the Near East ~ 10,000 BCE and expanded westwards, reaching westernmost Iberia no later than 5500 BCE. It resulted in major social, cultural, economic and dietary changes. Yet, the impact of this change on human mandibular morphology in Iberia is yet to be assessed, which is regrettable because mandible form is impacted by population history and diet. In this study we used Mesolithic to Chalcolithic Iberian samples to examine the impact of this transition on mandibular morphology. We also compared these samples with a Southern Levantine Chalcolithic population to assess their relationship. Lastly, we assessed dental wear to determine if the morphological differences identified were related to the material properties of the diet. We found differences between samples in mandibular shape but not size, which we attribute to contrasting population histories between Mesolithic and later populations. Some differences in the severity of dental wear were also found between Mesolithic and later Iberian samples, and smaller between the Mesolithic Iberians and southern Levantines. Little relationship was found between wear magnitude and mandibular shape. Altogether, our results show that the Mesolithic–Neolithic Iberian transition resulted in a meaningful change in mandibular morphology, which was likely driven more by population history than by dietary change.