bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting landslide risk terms: IAEG commission C-37 working group on landslide risk nomenclature
Authors: Corominas Jordi , Guzzetti Fausto , Lan Hengxing , Macciotta Renato , Marunteranu Cristian , McDougall Scott , Strom Alexander 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSignificant effort has been devoted during the last few decades to the development of methodologies for landslide hazard and risk assessment. All of this work requires harmonization of the methodologies and terminology to facilitate communication within the landslide community, as well as with stakeholders and researchers from other disciplines. Currently, glossaries, and methodological recommendations exist for preparing landslide hazard and risk studies. Nevertheless, there is still debate on the usage of some terms and their implementation in practice.In 2016, the IAEG commission C-37 established a working group with the objective of preparing a standard multilingual glossary of landslide hazard and risk terms. The glossary aims for the international harmonization of the terms and definitions with those used in associated disciplines (e.g., seismology, hydrology) while considering landslides specifically. The glossary is based on previously published glossaries, including those prepared by ISSMGE TC32, FedIGS, JTC1, and UNISDR. This article presents comments on the meaning of some of the terms that have required further discussion. The English version of the glossary is also included.
Utilisation of semantic technologies for the realisation of data-driven process improvements in the maintenance, repair and overhaul of aircraft components
Authors: Gill Milapji Singh , Fay Alexander 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAircraft components are subject to numerous, complex and often manual maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) procedures to ensure long operating cycles. In order to remain competitive in the long term, in spite of increased cost pressure, MRO service providers must improve the efficiency of their processes through the targeted use of internal knowledge sources. Techniques from the fields of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Data Mining (DM) have already proven their potential in diverse domains. However, the application of such data-driven approaches is also associated with some hurdles that need to be eliminated in advance. Data are generated at the business process level, known as Information Technology (IT, e.g. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems), as well as at the equipment level, known as Operational Technology (OT, e.g. test equipment). The integration of both forms the basis for improving the maintenance activities of diagnostics and maintenance scheduling. However, creating a unified view and understanding of the manifold data related to the maintenance process is a major problem due to the heterogeneous data sources and formats included. In this context, the use of Semantic Technologies (ST) can be helpful to overcome these challenges and provide the foundation for improved data management. The objective of this contribution is to introduce an ontology that delineates fundamental domain concepts, facilitating the augmentation of maintenance process data for individual aircraft components with pertinent contextual information. The result is being applied within the scope of a proof of concept aimed at supporting the coherent digital services diagnostics and short-term maintenance planning.
Disaster Preparedness of Nursing Students in Northern Cyprus: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Imdat Tulay , Tastan Sevinc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective:
This study aims to evaluate disaster preparedness of undergraduate nursing students.

Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study included 302 voluntary nursing students from a university in Northern Cyprus. Data were collected through an online survey using Google Forms, which included a descriptive information form and the General Disaster Preparedness Belief Scale (GDPBS).

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 20.64 ± 2.02 years. Among the participants, 41.7% had prior experience with disasters, and 77.2% expressed a need for disaster education. The average GDPBS total score was high, and the mean score of the sub-dimensions was moderate. Nursing students who expressed a need for disaster education had higher scores on the severity and self-efficacy subscales of the GDPBS (p<0.05).

Conclusion:
The level of disease preparedness was moderate in nursing students in Northern Cyprus. Therefore, education based on the health belief model, which assumes that positive health behaviors are affected by knowledge and attitudes, may be useful to improve disaster preparedness in nursing students.
The effectiveness of note taking through exposure to L2 input: A meta-analysis
Authors: Jin Zhouhan , Webb Stuart 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in the effects of note taking in second language (L2) research. However, no meta-analysis has been conducted to examine the relationship between note taking and learning through exposure to L2 input. We retrieved 28 effect sizes from 21 studies (N = 1992) to explore the overall effects of note taking as well as to examine the extent to which the effectiveness of note taking is likely to vary as a function of a set of potential moderators (i.e., learner variables, treatment variables, note-taking features, learning target, and measurement type). Results revealed that note taking had a small to medium positive overall effect on learning through exposure to L2 input (g = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.24–0.88). Subsequent moderator analyses revealed that variability in the size of note-taking effects across studies was explained by learner variables (context, region, orthographic scripts, institutional level), treatment variables (mode of input, material type), note-taking features (note-taking behavior, number of note-taking sessions, provision and type of note-taking strategy instruction, total length of instruction, opportunity to review notes), learning target, and measurement type. Based on the obtained findings, teachers are recommended to incorporate note taking in L2 classrooms. Pedagogical suggestions and directions for future research are also provided.
A blockchain-based information market to incentivise cooperation in swarms of self-interested robots
Authors: Van Calck Ludéric , Pacheco Alexandre , Strobel Volker , Dorigo Marco , Reina Andreagiovanni 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRobot swarms are generally considered to be composed of cooperative agents that, despite their limited individual capabilities, can perform difficult tasks by working together. However, in open swarms, where different robots can be added to the swarm by different parties with potentially competing interests, cooperation is but one of many strategies. We envision an information market where robots can buy and sell information through transactions stored on a distributed blockchain, and where cooperation is encouraged by the economy itself. As a proof of concept, we study a classical foraging task, where exchanging information with other robots is paramount to accomplish the task efficiently. We illustrate that even a single robot that lies to others—a so-called Byzantine robot—can heavily disrupt the swarm. Hence, we devise two protection mechanisms. Through an individual-level protection mechanism, robots are more sceptical about others’ information and can detect and discard Byzantine information, at the cost of lower efficiency. Through a systemic protection mechanism based on economic rules regulating robot interactions, robots that sell honest information acquire over time more wealth than Byzantines selling false information. Our simulations show that a well-designed robot economy penalises misinformation spreading and protects the swarm from Byzantine behaviour. We believe economics-inspired swarm robotics is a promising research direction that exploits the timely opportunity for decentralised economies offered by blockchain technology.
Neuronal transcription of autism gene PTCHD1 is regulated by a conserved downstream enhancer sequence
Authors: Pastore Stephen F. , Muhammad Tahir , Stan Cassandra , Frankland Paul W. , Hamel Paul A. , Vincent John B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPatched domain-containing 1 (PTCHD1) is a well-established susceptibility gene for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). Previous studies have suggested that alterations in the dosage of PTCHD1 may contribute to the etiology of both ASD and ID. However, there has not yet been a thorough investigation regarding mechanisms that regulate PTCHD1 expression. We sought to characterize the Ptchd1 promoter in a mouse neuronal model, as well as to identify and validate cis regulatory elements. We defined specific regions of the Ptchd1 promoter essential for robust expression in P19-induced neurons. Evolutionarily-conserved putative transcription factor binding sites within these regions were subsequently identified. Using a pairwise comparison of chromatin accessibility between mouse forebrain and liver tissues, a candidate regulatory region, ~ 9.1 kbp downstream of the Ptchd1 stop codon was defined. This region harbours two ENCODE-predicted enhancer cis-regulatory elements. Further, using DNase footprint analysis, a putative YY1-binding motif was also identified. Genomic deletion of the entire 8 kbp downstream open chromatin region attenuated Ptchd1 transcription by over 60% in our neuronal model, corroborating its predicted regulatory function. This study provides mechanistic insights related to the expression of PTCHD1, and provides important context to interpret genetic and genomic variation at this locus which may influence neurodevelopment.
Fractal complexity of daily physical activity and cognitive function in a midlife cohort
Authors: Blodgett Joanna M. , Ahmadi Matthew , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Rockwood Kenneth , Hamer Mark 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHigh stability of fluctuation in physiological patterns across fixed time periods suggest healthy fractal complexity, while greater randomness in fluctuation patterns may indicate underlying disease processes. The importance of fractal stability in mid-life remains unexplored. We quantified fractal regulation patterns in 24-h accelerometer data and examined associations with cognitive function in midlife. Data from 5097 individuals (aged 46) from the 1970 British Cohort Study were analyzed. Participants wore thigh-mounted accelerometers for seven days and completed cognitive tests (verbal fluency, memory, processing speed; derived composite z-score). Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) was used to examine temporal correlations of acceleration magnitude across 25 time scales (range: 1 min–10 h). Linear regression examined associations between DFA scaling exponents (DFAe) and each standardised cognitive outcome. DFAe was normally distributed (mean ± SD: 0.90 ± 0.06; range: 0.72–1.25). In males, a 0.10 increase in DFAe was associated with a 0.30 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.14, 0.47) increase in composite cognitive z-score in unadjusted models; associations were strongest for verbal fluency (0.10 [0.04, 0.16]). Associations remained in fully-adjusted models for verbal fluency only (0.06 [0.00, 0.12]). There was no association between DFA and cognition in females. Greater fractal stability in men was associated with better cognitive function. This could indicate mechanisms through which fractal complexity may scale up to and contribute to cognitive clinical endpoints.
A novel approach to microsurgical teaching in head and neck surgery leveraging modern 3D technologies
Authors: Weber Manuel , Backhaus Joy , Lutz Rainer , Nobis Christopher-Philipp , Zeichner Samuel , Koenig Sarah , Kesting Marco , Olmos Manuel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe anatomically complex and often spatially restricted conditions of anastomosis in the head and neck region cannot be adequately reproduced by training exercises on current ex vivo or small animal models. With the development of a Realistic Anatomical Condition Experience (RACE) model, complex spatial-anatomical surgical areas and the associated intraoperative complexities could be transferred into a realistic training situation in head and neck surgery. The RACE model is based on a stereolithography file generated by intraoperative use of a three-dimensional surface scanner after neck dissection and before microvascular anastomosis. Modelling of the acquired STL file using three-dimensional processing software led to the model’s final design. As a result, we have successfully created an economical, sustainable and realistic model for microsurgical education and provide a step-by-step workflow that can be used in surgical and general medical education to replicate and establish comparable models. We provide an open source stereolithography file of the head-and-neck RACE model for printing for educational purposes. Once implemented in other fields of surgery and general medicine, RACE models could mark a shift in medical education as a whole, away from traditional teaching principles and towards the use of realistic and individualised simulators.
Lower serum cholesterol levels as a risk factor for critical illness polyneuropathy: a matched case–control study
Authors: Zulehner Gudrun , Seidel Stefan , Polanz Alexander , Schörgenhofer Christian , Rommer Paulus , Merrelaar Marieke , Roth Dominik , Herkner Harald , Behrens Sybille , Kienbacher Calvin Lukas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCritical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) is a frequent and underdiagnosed phenomenon among intensive care unit patients. The lipophilic nature of neuronal synapses may result in the association of low serum cholesterol levels with a higher rate of CIP development. We aimed to investigate this issue in critically ill patients. All cases diagnosed with CIP in our tertiary care hospital between 2013 and 2017 were 1:1 matched with controls without the condition by age, sex, and ICD diagnoses. The main risk factors examined were the differences in change between initial and minimum serum total cholesterol levels, and minimum serum total cholesterol levels between matched pairs. Other predictors were serum markers of acute inflammation. We included 67 cases and 67 controls (134 critically ill patients, 49% female, 46% medical). Serum total cholesterol levels decreased more profoundly in cases than controls (median: −74 (IQR −115 to −24) vs. −39 (IQR −82 to −4), median difference: −28, 95% CI [−51, −5]), mg/dl). Minimum serum total cholesterol levels were lower in the cases (median difference: −24, 95% CI [−39, −9], mg/dl). We found significant median differences across matched pairs in maximum serum C-reactive protein (8.9, 95% CI [4.6, 13.2], mg/dl), minimum albumin (−4.2, 95% CI [−6.7, −1.7], g/l), decrease in albumin (−3.9, 95% CI [−7.6, −0.2], g/l), and lowest cholinesterase levels (−0.72, 95% CI [−1.05, −0.39], U/l). Subsequently, more pronounced decreases in serum total cholesterol levels and lower minimum total cholesterol levels during critical care unit hospitalizations may be a risk factor for CIP.
Mutation at the entrance of the quinone cavity severely disrupts quinone binding in respiratory complex I
Authors: Yi Jason Tae , Wang Panyue , Stuchebrukhov Alexei A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn all resolved structures of complex I, there exists a tunnel-like Q-chamber for ubiquinone binding and reduction. The entrance to the Q-chamber in ND1 subunit forms a narrow bottleneck, which is rather tight and requires thermal conformational changes for ubiquinone to get in and out of the binding chamber. The substitution of alanine with threonine at the bottleneck (AlaThr MUT), associated with 3460/ND1 mtDNA mutation in human complex I, is implicated in Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON). Here, we show the AlaThr MUT further narrows the Q-chamber entrance cross-section area by almost 30%, increasing the activation free energy barrier of quinone passage by approximately 5 kJ mol−1. This severely disrupts quinone binding and reduction as quinone passage through the bottleneck is slowed down almost tenfold. Our estimate of the increase in free energy barrier is entirely due to the bottleneck narrowing, leading to a reduction of the transition state entropy between WT and MUT, and thus more difficult quinone passage. Additionally, we investigate details of possible water exchange between the Q-chamber and membrane. We find water exchange is dynamic in WT but may be severely slowed in MUT. We propose that LHON symptoms caused by 3460/ND1 mtDNA mutation are due to slowed quinone binding. This leads to an increased production of reactive oxidative species due to upstream electron backup at the FMN site of complex I, thus resulting in a mt bioenergetic defect.
Long-term outcomes of periprocedural coronary dissection and perforation for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in a Japanese multicenter registry
Authors: Kuno Toshiki , Ohata Takanori , Nakamaru Ryo , Sawano Mitsuaki , Kodaira Masaki , Numasawa Yohei , Ueda Ikuko , Suzuki Masahiro , Noma Shigetaka , Fukuda Keiichi , Kohsaka Shun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLong-term outcomes of iatrogenic coronary dissection and perforation in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains under-investigated. We analyzed 8,721 consecutive patients discharged after PCI between 2008 and 2019 from Keio Cardiovascular (KiCS) PCI multicenter prospective registry in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Significant coronary dissection was defined as persistent contrast medium extravasation or spiral or persistent filling defects with complete distal and impaired flow. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause death, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, bleeding, stroke requiring admission, and coronary artery bypass grafting two years after discharge. We used a multivariable Cox hazard regression model to assess the effects of these complications. Among the patients, 68 (0.78%) had significant coronary dissections, and 61 (0.70%) had coronary perforations at the index PCI. Patients with significant coronary dissection had higher rates of the primary endpoint and heart failure than those without (25.0% versus 14.3%, P = 0.02; 10.3% versus 4.2%, P = 0.03); there were no significant differences in the primary outcomes between the patients with and without coronary perforation (i.e., primary outcome: 8.2% versus 14.5%, P = 0.23) at the two-year follow-up. After adjustments, patients with coronary dissection had a significantly higher rate of the primary endpoint than those without (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.02–2.84; P = 0.04), but there was no significant difference in the primary endpoint between the patients with and without coronary perforation (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.21–1.23; P = 0.13). For patients undergoing PCI, significant coronary dissection was associated with poor long-term outcomes, including heart failure readmission.
Harnessing selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) for enhancing growth and germination, and mitigating oxidative stress in Pisum sativum L.
Authors: Tendenedzai Job T. , Chirwa Evans M. N. , Brink Hendrik G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSelenium, an essential micronutrient for plants and animals, can cause selenium toxicity as an oxyanion or at elevated doses. However, the toxic selenite (SeO32−) oxyanion, can be converted into less harmful elemental nano-selenium (Se0), with various practical applications. This research aimed to investigate two methods for reducing SeO32−: abiotic reduction using cell-free extract from Enterococcus spp. (abiotic-SeNPs) and chemical reduction involving L-ascorbic acid (chemical-SeNPs). Analysis with XPS confirmed the presence of Se0, while FTIR analysis identified surface functional groups on all SeNPs. The study evaluated the effects of SeO32−, abiotic-SeNPs, and chemical-SeNPs at different concentrations on the growth and germination of Pisum sativum L. seeds. SeO32− demonstrated detrimental effects on germination at concentrations of 1 ppm (germination index (GI) = 0.3). Conversely, both abiotic- and chemical-SeNPs had positive impacts on germination, with GI > 120 at 10 ppm. Through the DPPH assay, it was discovered that SeNPs exhibited superior antioxidant capabilities at 80 ppm, achieving over 70% inhibition, compared to SeO32− (less than 20% inhibition), therefore evidencing significant antioxidant properties. This demonstrates that SeNPs have the potential to be utilized as an agricultural fertilizer additive, benefiting seedling germination and development, while also protecting against oxidative stress.
Extracellular vesicles of human glial cells exert neuroprotective effects via brain miRNA modulation in a rat model of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Salikhova Diana I. , Timofeeva Angelika V. , Golovicheva Victoria V. , Fatkhudinov Timur Kh. , Shevtsova Yulia A. , Soboleva Anna G. , Fedorov Ivan S. , Goryunov Kirill V. , Dyakonov Alexander S. , Mokrousova Victoria O. , Shedenkova Margarita O. , Elchaninov Andrey V. , Makhnach Oleg V. , Kutsev Sergey I. , Chekhonin Vladimir P. , Silachev Denis N. , Goldshtein Dmitry V. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStem cell-based therapeutic approaches for neurological disorders are widely studied. Paracrine factors secreted by stem cells in vitro and delivered intranasally might allow bypassing the disadvantages associated with a surgical cell delivery procedure with likely immune rejection of a transplant. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of the extracellular vesicles secreted by glial progenitor cells (GPC-EV) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cell in a traumatic brain injury model. Intranasal administration of GPC-EV to Wistar rats for 6 days improved sensorimotor functions assessed over a 14-day observation period. Beside, deep sequencing of microRNA transcriptome of GPC-EV was estimate, and was revealed 203 microRNA species that might be implicated in prevention of various brain pathologies. Modulation of microRNA pools might contribute to the observed decrease in the number of astrocytes that inhibit neurorecovery processes while enhancing neuroplasticity by decreasing phosphorylated Tau forms, preventing inflammation and apoptosis associated with secondary damage to brain tissue. The course of GPC-EV administration was promoted the increasing protein levels of NF-κB in studied areas of the rat brain, indicating NF-κB dependent mechanisms as a plausible route of neuroprotection within the damaged area. This investigation showed that GPC-EV may be representing a therapeutic approach in traumatic brain injury, though its translation into the clinic would require an additional research and development.