bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing the potential of large language models in medical education: promise and pitfalls
Authors: Benítez Trista M , Xu Yueyuan , Boudreau J Donald , Kow Alfred Wei Chieh , Bello Fernando , Van Phuoc Le , Wang Xiaofei , Sun Xiaodong , Leung Gilberto Ka-Kit , Lan Yanyan , Wang Yaxing , Cheng Davy , Tham Yih-Chung , Wong Tien Yin , Chung Kevin C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To provide balanced consideration of the opportunities and challenges associated with integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) throughout the medical school continuum.

Process
Narrative review of published literature contextualized by current reports of LLM application in medical education.

Conclusions
LLMs like OpenAI’s ChatGPT can potentially revolutionize traditional teaching methodologies. LLMs offer several potential advantages to students, including direct access to vast information, facilitation of personalized learning experiences, and enhancement of clinical skills development. For faculty and instructors, LLMs can facilitate innovative approaches to teaching complex medical concepts and fostering student engagement. Notable challenges of LLMs integration include the risk of fostering academic misconduct, inadvertent overreliance on AI, potential dilution of critical thinking skills, concerns regarding the accuracy and reliability of LLM-generated content, and the possible implications on teaching staff.
Dietary glycine supplementation enhances glutathione availability in tissues of pigs with intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: He Wenliang , Posey Erin A , Steele Chandler C , Savell Jeffrey W , Bazer Fuller W , Wu Guoyao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with glycine enhances the synthesis and concentrations of glutathione (GSH, a major antioxidant) in tissues of pigs with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). At weaning (21 d of age), IUGR pigs and litter mates with normal birth weights (NBW) were assigned randomly to one of two groups, representing supplementation with 1% glycine or 1.19% l-alanine (isonitrogenous control) to a corn- and soybean meal-based diet. Blood and other tissues were obtained from the pigs within 1 wk after the feeding trial ended at 188 d of age to determine GSH, oxidized GSH (GSSG), and activities of GSH-metabolic enzymes. Results indicated that concentrations of GSH + GSSG or GSH in plasma, liver, and jejunum (P &lt; 0.001) and concentrations of GSH in longissimus lumborum and gastrocnemius muscles (P &lt; 0.05) were lower in IUGR pigs than in NBW pigs. In contrast, IUGR increased GSSG/GSH ratios (an indicator of oxidative stress) in plasma (P &lt; 0.001), jejunum (P &lt; 0.001), both muscles (P &lt; 0.05), and pancreas (P = 0.001), while decreasing activities of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH synthetase in liver (P &lt; 0.001) and jejunum (P &lt; 0.01); and GSH reductase in jejunum (P &lt; 0.01), longissimus lumborum muscle (P &lt; 0.01), gastrocnemius muscle (P &lt; 0.05), and pancreas (P &lt; 0.01). In addition, IUGR pigs had greater (P &lt; 0.001) concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS; an indicator of lipid peroxidation) in plasma, jejunum, muscles, and pancreas than NBW pigs. Compared with isonitrogenous controls, dietary glycine supplementation increased concentrations of GSH plus GSSG and GSH in plasma (P &lt; 0.01), liver (P &lt; 0.001), jejunum (P &lt; 0.001), longissimus lumborum muscle (P = 0.001), and gastrocnemius muscle (P &lt; 0.05); activities of GSH-synthetic enzymes in liver (P &lt; 0.01) and jejunum (P &lt; 0.05), while reducing GSSG/GSH ratios in plasma (P &lt; 0.001), jejunum (P &lt; 0.001), longissimus lumborum muscle (P &lt; 0.001), gastrocnemius muscle (P = 0.01), pancreas (P &lt; 0.05), and kidneys (P &lt; 0.01). Concentrations of GSH plus GSSG, GSH, and GSSG/GSH ratios in kidneys were not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by IUGR. Furthermore, glycine supplementation reduced (P &lt; 0.001) TBARS concentrations in plasma, jejunum, muscles, and pancreas. Collectively, IUGR reduced GSH availability and induced oxidative stress in pig tissues, and these abnormalities were prevented by dietary glycine supplementation in a tissue-specific manner.
Inter-organizational governance and innovation under different local institutional contexts
Authors: Belso-Martinez Jose Antonio , Díez-Vial Isabel , Rodríguez-Pose Andrés 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article examines the effect of formal and informal institutional settings and of the governance of inter-organizational relationships on innovation at the cluster level. The research primarily relies on quantitative methods, utilizing data obtained from a survey involving 115 firms and 12 in-depth interviews. Supplementary qualitative information from the interviews has also been incorporated into the analysis. The results support the hypothesis that innovative firms should consider not only the impact of different governance modes but also how these modes align with the existing local contexts. Failure to do so may result in firms becoming entrenched in the prevailing practices and products of a specific location.
One-pot chemoenzymatic syntheses of non-canonical amino acids
Authors: Chao Tsung-Han , Wu Xiangyu , Renata Hans 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Despite their prevalent use in drug discovery and protein biochemistry, non-canonical amino acids are still challenging to synthesize through purely chemical means. In recent years, biocatalysis has emerged as a transformative paradigm for small-molecule synthesis. One strategy to further empower biocatalysis is to use it in combination with modern chemical reactions and take advantage of the strengths of each method to enable access to challenging structural motifs that were previously unattainable using each method alone. In this Mini-Review, we highlight several recent case studies that feature the synergistic use of chemical and enzymatic transformations in one pot to synthesize novel non-canonical amino acids.

One-Sentence Summary
This Mini-Review highlights several recent case studies that feature the synergistic use of chemical and enzymatic transformations in one pot to synthesize novel non-canonical amino acids.
How dual-message nature documentaries that portray nature as amazing and threatened affect entertainment experiences and pro-environmental intentions
Authors: Freytag Anna , Possler Daniel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Nature documentaries are an entertaining and informative genre that appears well-suited to environmental communication. However, producers of nature documentaries face a dilemma: Although they aim to inspire their audiences to act pro-environmentally, they fear ruining viewers’ entertainment experience if they address environmental destruction. Hence, conventional nature documentaries solely portray pristine nature. In contrast, recent nature documentaries have adopted a dual-message strategy by showing beautiful nature footage while also addressing conservation issues. We investigated how these dual-message nature documentaries affect viewers’ hedonic and eudaimonic entertainment experiences and their pro-environmental behavior intentions compared with conventional nature documentaries. We integrated theoretical accounts from entertainment research and environmental psychology and tested our assumptions in three online experiments (total N = 1,362). Our findings suggest that dual-message nature documentaries evoke weaker hedonic experiences than conventional documentaries but stronger eudaimonic experiences (i.e., mixed affect and reflection) that mediate the effect of dual-message documentaries on pro-environmental intentions.
The mobilization and transport of newly fixed carbon are driven by plant water use in an experimental rainforest under drought
Authors: Huang Jianbei , Ladd S Nemiah , Ingrisch Johannes , Kübert Angelika , Meredith Laura K , van Haren Joost , Bamberger Ines , Daber L Erik , Kühnhammer Kathrin , Bailey Kinzie , Hu Jia , Fudyma Jane , Shi Lingling , Dippold Michaela A , Meeran Kathiravan , Miller Luke , O’Brien Michael J , Yang Hui , Herrera-Ramírez David , Hartmann Henrik , Trumbore Susan , Bahn Michael , Werner Christiane , Lehmann Marco M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) are building blocks for biomass and fuel metabolic processes. However, it remains unclear how tropical forests mobilize, export, and transport NSCs to cope with extreme droughts. We combined drought manipulation and ecosystem 13CO2 pulse-labeling in an enclosed rainforest at Biosphere 2, assessed changes in NSCs, and traced newly assimilated carbohydrates in plant species with diverse hydraulic traits and canopy positions. We show that drought caused a depletion of leaf starch reserves and slowed export and transport of newly assimilated carbohydrates below ground. Drought effects were more pronounced in conservative canopy trees with limited supply of new photosynthates and relatively constant water status than in those with continual photosynthetic supply and deteriorated water status. We provide experimental evidence that local utilization, export, and transport of newly assimilated carbon are closely coupled with plant water use in canopy trees. We highlight that these processes are critical for understanding and predicting tree resistance and ecosystem fluxes in tropical forest under drought.
Examination of prognostic factors in anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis
Authors: Sugi Suzuna , Tominaga Masaki , Kaieda Shinjiro , Fujimoto Kiminori , Chikasue Tomonori , Koga Takuma , Hasuo Yuri , Iwanaga Erina , Murotani Kenta , Lim Jamie Kristen T , Ida Hiroaki , Kawayama Tomotaka , Hoshino Tomoaki 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
This study investigated the prognostic factors of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis (MDA5-DM).

Methods
This study analysed 34 MDA5-DM cases (20 and 14 in the survival and death groups, respectively) encountered at Kurume University between 2008 and 2021. The clinical, physiological, and computed tomography findings, pulmonary function, and serological results were retrospectively evaluated for each MDA5-DM case during the first visit and throughout the next 12 weeks.

Results
In the death group, the mean age of patients was higher (47.6 vs. 61.8 years), while the duration from symptom onset to consultation was shorter (110 vs. 34.9 days). During the first visit, the death group demonstrated a significantly higher serum C-reactive protein level (0.52 vs. 1.99) and a significantly lower albumin level (3.23 vs. 2.63) than the survival group; this persisted throughout the next 12 weeks. Poor prognosis was associated with C-reactive protein and albumin levels &gt;0.19 mg/dl and &lt;2.3 g/dl, respectively, 4 weeks after starting the treatment.

Conclusion
Four weeks after starting the treatment, serum C-reactive protein and albumin levels of patients with MDA5-DM can be used to evaluate treatment response and predict prognosis.
eHealth, family-based interventions, and multilevel approaches to pediatric weight management: a scoping review
Authors: Henes Sarah T , Stotz Sarah A , Riggs Sandra E , Yang Hsuan-Mein 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
This scoping review examines the current literature on technology-based, eHealth interventions that integrate community and clinical approaches for family-based pediatric weight management.

Background
Telehealth and eHealth interventions for weight management are increasingly commonplace; however, it is unclear in the current literature how family-based, pediatric, healthy-weight interventions integrate technology. Additionally, multilevel approaches to address childhood obesity, including working with clinical and community partners, are currently considered best practice and within the socioecological framework for sustainability of outcomes. Little is known how current family based pediatric healthy weight interventions integrate eHealth and multi-level approaches.

Methods
Guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework, a scoping literature review was conducted. Four databases were searched to identify studies conducted between 2010 and 2022 that addressed multilevel, family-based, pediatric weight management interventions that also integrated technology. Studies were excluded that did not include at least 2 of the 4 components and that did not include technology to some degree.

Results
A total of 15 articles were included in the scoping review. All articles included some type of technology in the intervention. Twelve articles included a family-based approach, and only 1 article fully used a holistic approach to family-based, pediatric weight management that included technology and integrated clinical and community approaches to address the complexity of childhood obesity.

Conclusions
There are several family-based, pediatric weight management interventions that incorporate an eHealth component. There is a gap in the literature about programs that use both technology and integrate multilevel clinical and community approaches for treatment. Additionally, gaps exist in information about adolescent, family-based, weight management interventions, and there are opportunities for nutrition and dietetic professionals to become more involved with technological and multilevel approaches in family-based pediatric weight management.
Challenges Facing Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in the Endemic Region for Coccidioidomycosis
Authors: Hayes Justin F , Nix David E 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Coccidioidomycosis poses a significant cost and morbidity burden in the United States. Additionally, coccidioidomycosis requires constant decision-making related to prevention, diagnosis, and management. Delays in diagnosis lead to significant consequences, including unnecessary diagnostic workup and antibacterial therapy. Antifungal stewardship considerations regarding empiric, prophylactic, and targeted management of coccidioidomycosis are also complex. In this review, the problems facing antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) in the endemic region for coccidioidomycosis, consequences due to delayed or missed diagnoses of coccidioidomycosis on antibacterial prescribing, and excess antifungal prescribing for prevention and treatment of coccidioidomycosis are elucidated. Finally, our recommendations and research priorities for ASPs in the endemic region for coccidioidomycosis are outlined.
Towards Affective-Evaluativism: the Intentional Structure of Unpleasant Pain Experience
Authors: Mitchell Jonathan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Evaluativism about unpleasant pains offers one way to think about unpleasant pain experience. However, extant Evaluativist views do not pay enough attention to the affective dimension of pain experience and the complex relations between the affective, evaluative and sensory dimensions. This paper clarifies these relations and provides a view which more closely reflects the phenomenology of unpleasant pains. It argues that the intentional structure of paradigmatic unpleasant pain is as follows: unpleasant pains essentially involve a proprietary intentional mode—what I call affective-interoception—and a distinctive kind of evaluatively qualified sensory content. The resulting view is Affective-Evaluativism.
Loss Sharing in Central Clearinghouses: Winners and Losers
Authors: Kubitza Christian , Pelizzon Loriana , Sherman Mila Getmansky 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Central clearing counterparties (CCPs) were established to mitigate default losses resulting from counterparty risk in derivatives markets. In a parsimonious model, we show that clearing benefits are unevenly distributed across market participants. Loss sharing rules determine who wins or loses from clearing. Current rules disproportionately benefit market participants with flat portfolios. Instead, those with directional portfolios are relatively worse off, consistent with their reluctance to voluntarily use central clearing. Alternative loss sharing rules can address cross-sectional disparities in clearing benefits. However, we show that CCPs may favor current rules to maximize fee income, with externalities on clearing participation. (JEL G18, G23, G28, G12)
What do you do when your career script runs out? How older workers decide whether and how to sustain their careers
Authors: Hallpike Helen , Van der Heijden Beatrice I J M , Vallée-Tourangeau Gaëlle 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article explores executive career decision-making at the later career stages, against a background of precarious employment and increasing longevity, and the consequent need, and difficulty, for older workers to sustain their careers for longer. We address a gap in the literature on the careers of later stage workers by exploring older executives’ career options and demonstrating how a decision-making unit (DMU) of stakeholders actively participate in choosing between options, and which factors influence their choices. We furthermore highlight the key factors that can determine whether a career is sustainable, and the strategies that can optimize a career that is becoming unsustainable. We interviewed later stage executives and analyzed our interview data from the perspective of distributed decision-making for sustainable careers. We identified a range of decision-makers who contributed to the DMU at different levels for each decision, from proactively to reactively. Furthermore, we identified interacting strategies which could optimize the sustainability of a later stage career: personal, when individuals re-engaged actively with their careers; and contextual, when careers were reinvented by individuals and organizations. We synthesized these findings in a career sustainability matrix, designed to enable later stage workers to identify whether a career is sustainable, and how to extend career sustainability.
South Africa celebrates 15 years of clinical associates
Authors: Smalley Scott , Mgobozi Aviwe 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Clinical associates (ClinAs) in South Africa are modeled after physician associates in the United States and the Netherlands and clinical officers elsewhere in Africa. The first ClinAs began their education in 2008 and started working in 2011. Three universities offer a 3-year bachelor of clinical medical practice degree. This article documents the nascent healthcare profession's origins, development, current status, and future. In the next decade, South Africa needs to address the challenges of ClinA supervision with tiered practice regulations, combat unemployment, and increase graduate retention by developing career paths.
Stress management strategies for NP practice
Authors: Felsenstein Denise R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Knowledge of stress management strategies is helpful to NPs in clinical practice, as they frequently encounter patients or patients' family members who require assistance in managing acute stress. Patients or patients' family members may experience a high level of stress due to health factors such as pain, life-changing diagnoses, treatment options viewed as undesirable, and/or poor medical prognoses. In addition, healthcare visits, hospitalization, diagnostic tests, surgical procedures, and other treatments can cause stress for some patients. NPs should therefore be well informed about stress management strategies to be able to effectively educate and provide compassionate care for their patients. This article reviews four strategies designed to assist patients and/or their family members in reducing stress to allow for a more positive experience during a healthcare visit or hospitalization.
Food intolerances
Authors: Day Mercedes , Kuzin Julia , Spencer Michelle , Hilliard Tara , Phillips Priscila , Moore Amy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Food intolerances are prevalent and often confused with food allergies. This article reviews the complex landscape of adverse reactions to food, distinguishing between immune-mediated responses (food allergies) and nonimmune reactions (food intolerances). It also explores specific food intolerances such as lactose intolerance, nonceliac gluten sensitivity, fructose intolerance, and salicylate sensitivity.
Reproductive Outcomes of Oocyte Donation in Patients With Uterine Mullerian Anomalies
Authors: Muñoz Elkin , Fernandez Iria , Pellicer Nuria , Mariani Giulia , Pellicer Antonio , Garrido Nicolas 
Published: January 2024

(Abstracted from Fertil Steril 2023;120(4):850–859)
Uterine müllerian anomalies (UMAs) are anatomic malformations of the female genital tract found in 5.5% of the general population but 24.5% of women with a history of miscarriage and infertility. Studies identifying the relationships between UMAs and reproductive outcomes suggest a higher rate of adverse outcomes but have largely been conducted in women using their own oocytes and have focused on a single anomaly category.
The Addition of Hand-specific Skeletal Maturity Parameters Does Not Improve Skeletal Maturity Estimation Accuracy of the Modified Fels Wrist System
Authors: Sinkler Margaret A. , Furdock Ryan J. , Halloran Sean , Liu Raymond W. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The Modified Fels Wrist system is potentially the most accurate clinically accessible skeletal maturity system utilizing hand or wrist radiographs. During development, parameters distal to the metacarpals were excluded. We attempted to further optimize the Modified Fels wrist system through the inclusion of hand parameters distal to the metacarpals.

Methods:
Forty-three new anteroposterior (AP) hand radiographic parameters were identified from the Fels and Greulich and Pyle (GP) skeletal maturity systems. Twelve parameters were eliminated from further evaluation for poor correlation with skeletal maturity, poor reliability, and lack of relevance in the peripubertal years. In addition to the 8 previously described Modified Fels Wrist parameters, 31 hand radiographic parameters were evaluated on serial peripubertal AP hand radiographs to identify the ones most important for accurately estimating skeletal age. This process produced a “Modified Fels hand-wrist” model; its performance was compared with (1) GP only; (2) Sanders Hand (SH) only; (3) age, sex, and GP; (4) age, sex, and SH; and (5) Modified Fels Wrist system.

Results:
Three hundred seventy-two radiographs from 42 girls and 38 boys were included. Of the 39 radiographic parameters that underwent full evaluation, 9 remained in the combined Modified Fels Hand-Wrist system in addition to chronological age and sex. Four parameters are wrist specific, and the remaining 5 are hand specific. The Hand-Wrist system outperformed both GP and SH in estimating skeletal maturity (P<0.001). When compared with the Modified Fels Wrist system, the Modified Fels Hand-Wrist system performed similarly regarding skeletal maturity estimation (0.36±0.32 vs. 0.34±0.26, P=0.59) but had an increased (worse) rate of outlier predictions >1 year discrepant from true skeletal maturity (4.9% vs. 1.9%, P=0.01).

Conclusions:
The addition of hand parameters to the existing Modified Fels Wrist system did not improve skeletal maturity estimation accuracy and worsened the rate of outlier estimations. When an AP hand-wrist radiograph is available, the existing Modified Fels wrist system is best for skeletal maturity estimation.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.