bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salvianolic acid B attenuates VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 expression in TNF‐α‐treated human aortic endothelial cells
Authors: Chen Yung‐Hsiang , Lin Shing‐Jong , Ku Hung‐Hai , Shiao Ming‐Shi , Lin Feng‐Yen , Chen Jaw‐Wen , Chen Yuh‐Lien 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAttachment to, and migration of leukocytes into the vessel wall is an early event in atherogenesis. Expression of cell adhesion molecules by the arterial endothelium may play a major role in atherosclerosis. It has been suggested that antioxidants inhibit the expression of adhesion molecules and may thus attenuate the processes leading to atherosclerosis. In the present study, the effects of a potent water‐soluble antioxidant, salvianolic acid B (Sal B), and an aqueous ethanolic extract (SME), both derived from a Chinese herb, Salvia miltiorrhiza, on the expression of endothelial‐leukocyte adhesion molecules by tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)‐treated human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were investigated. When pretreated with SME (50 and 100 μg/ml), the TNF‐α‐induced expression of vascular adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) was notably attenuated (77.2 ± 3.2% and 80.0 ± 2.2%, respectively); and with Sal B (1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μg/ml), 84.5 ± 1.9%, 78.8 ± 1.2%, 58.9 ± 0.4%, 58.7 ± 0.9%, and 57.4 ± 0.3%, respectively. Dose‐dependent lowering of expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) was also seen with SME or Sal B. In contrast, the expression of endothelial cell selectin (E‐selectin) was not affected. SME (50 μg/ml) or Sal B (5 μg/ml) significantly reduced the binding of the human monocytic cell line, U937, to TNF‐α‐stimulated HAECs (45.7 ± 2.5% and 55.8 ± 1.2%, respectively). SME or Sal B significantly inhibited TNF‐α‐induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) in HAECs (0.36‐ and 0.48‐fold, respectively). These results demonstrate that SME and Sal B have anti‐inflammatory properties and may explain their anti‐atherosclerotic properties. This new mechanism of action of Sal B and SME, in addition to their previously reported inhibition of LDL, may help explain their efficacy in the treatment of atherosclerosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 82:512–521, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of connexin43 gap junctional intercellular communication by TPA requires ERK activation
Authors: Ruch Randall J. , Trosko James E. , Madhukar Burra V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe phorbol ester, 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA), is a potent inhibitor of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). This inhibition requires activation of protein kinase C (PKC), but the events downstream of this kinase are not known. Since PKC can activate extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs) and these also downregulate GJIC, we hypothesized that the inhibition of GJIC by TPA involved ERKs. TPA treatment (10 ng/ml for 30 min) of WB‐F344 rat liver epithelial cells strongly activated p42 and p44 ERK‐1 and ‐2, blocked gap junction‐mediated fluorescent dye‐coupling, and induced connexin43 hyperphosphorylation and gap junction internalization. These effects were completely prevented by inhibitors of PKC (bis‐indolylmaleimide I; 2 μM) and ERK activation (U‐0126; 10 μM). These data suggest that ERKs are activated by PKC in response to TPA treatment and are downstream mediators of the gap junction effects of the phorbol ester. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 163–169, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Caspase inhibition and N6‐benzyladenosine‐induced apoptosis in HL‐60 cells
Authors: Mlejnek P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAs an extension of our recently published work (Mlejnek and Kuglík [2000] J. Cell. Biochem. 77:6–17), the role of caspases in N6‐benzylaminopurine riboside (BAPR)‐induced apotosis in HL‐60 cells was evaluated in this study. Here, BAPR‐induced apoptosis was accompanied by activation of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9. However, when these caspases were selectively inhibited, the progression of BAPR‐induced apoptosis was not markedly affected. Besides that, activation of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 was found to be rather late event in apoptotic process. These results suggested that other caspases might be critically implicated. Indeed, pan‐specific caspase inhibitor, Z‐VAD‐FMK, completely prevented DNA cleavage and apoptotic bodies formation. However, Z‐VAD‐FMK failed to prevent cell death and it was incapable to fully counteract the main apoptotic hallmark‐chromatin condensation. Finally, our data indicate that cellular decision between apoptosis and necrosis is made upon the availability of both caspase proteases and intracellular ATP. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 678–689, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calculation of the free energy of solvation for neutral analogs of amino acid side chains
Authors: Villa Alessandra , Mark Alan E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe ability of the GROMOS96 force field to reproduce partition constants between water and two less polar solvents (cyclohexane and chloroform) for analogs of 18 of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids has been investigated. The estimations of the solvation free energies in water, in cyclohexane solution, and chloroform solution are based on thermodynamic integration free energy calculations using molecular dynamics simulations. The calculations show that while the force field reproduces the experimental solvation free energies of nonpolar analogs with reasonable accuracy the solvation free energies of polar analogs in water are systematically overestimated (too positive). The dependence of the calculated free energies on the atomic partial charges was also studied. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 548–553, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jcc.10052
The high cost of prescription privileges
Authors: Wagner Mervyn K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article presents some data regarding the costs in the augmentation of programs aimed at equipping psychologist to prescribe medications. Data are presented relative to the financial burden it will place on students, universities, internship sites, and the consumers of psychological services. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 677–680, 2002.
Reliability and factor structure of the chinese version of the self‐report family inventory in Chinese adolescents
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Chinese version (C‐SFI) of the Self‐Report Family Inventory (SFI) was administered to 3,649 Chinese adolescents. Results showed that the C‐SFI is internally consistent. Factor analyses revealed that two factors were abstracted from the scale (positive family behavior and negative family behavior), and they could reliably be reproduced in different adolescent subsamples based on gender and grade. Contrary to the previous findings that there are five to six dimensions of the SFI, the present findings show that the C‐SFI has two dimensions. This study suggests that clinical practitioners should be cautious in using the subscales in the SFI, particularly for the Chinese. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 375–385, 2001.
Predictors of deterioration among patients with substance‐use disorders
Authors: Moos Rudolf H. , Moos Bernice S. , Finney John W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify patients with substance‐use disorders who deteriorate during treatment, and to examine baseline predictors of deterioration. Three groups of 872 patients each, matched on number of problems at baseline, were selected from a larger sample based on their treatment outcome (improved, nonresponsive, deteriorated). Deterioration was predicted by younger age and African‐American race; four aspects of patients' history (psychiatric symptoms, arrests, prior drug treatment, and recent inpatient or residential care); and having no close friends. Patients who had both an alcohol and a drug diagnosis, a personality‐disorder diagnosis, and those who had a shorter episode of care and fewer outpatient‐mental‐health visits, also were more likely to deteriorate. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1403–1419, 2001.
Many actions of cyclooxygenase‐2 in cellular dynamics and in cancer
Authors: Cao Yang , Prescott Stephen M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is the inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase, the enzyme that catalyzes the rate‐limiting step in prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid. Various prostaglandins are produced in a cell type‐specific manner, and they elicit cellular functions via signaling through G‐protein coupled membrane receptors, and in some cases, through the nuclear receptor PPAR. COX‐2 utilization of arachidonic acid also perturbs the level of intracellular free arachidonic acid and subsequently affects cellular functions. In a number of cell and animal models, induction of COX‐2 has been shown to promote cell growth, inhibit apoptosis and enhance cell motility and adhesion. The mechanisms behind these multiple actions of COX‐2 are largely unknown. Compelling evidence from genetic and clinical studies indicates that COX‐2 upregulation is a key step in carcinogenesis. Overexpression of COX‐2 is sufficient to cause tumorigenesis in animal models and inhibition of the COX‐2 pathway results in reduction in tumor incidence and progression. Therefore, the potential for application of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs as well as the recently developed COX‐2 specific inhibitors in cancer clinical practice has drawn tremendous attention in the past few years. Inhibition of COX‐2 promises to be an effective approach in the prevention and treatment of cancer, especially colorectal cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 279–286, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular biology and immunoregulation of human neurotropic JC virus in CNS
Authors: Sweet Thersa M. , Valle Luis Del , Khalili Kamel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe human polyomavirus, JC virus (JCV), provides an excellent model system to investigate the reciprocal interaction of the immune and nervous systems. Infection with JCV occurs during childhood and the virus remains in the latent state with no apparent clinical symptoms. However, under immunosuppressed conditions, the virus enters the lytic cycle and upon cytolytic destruction of glial cells, causes the fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), named progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). In this short review, we discuss the molecular pathogenesis of PML by highlighting the role of the immune system in modulating JCV gene activation and replication, and the latency/reactivation of this virus upon immunosuppression. Further, due to the higher incidence of PML among AIDS patients, we further elaborate on the cross‐talk between JCV and HIV‐1 by direct and indirect pathways that lead to enhanced expression of the JCV genome. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glucose hydrogenation on Co–B amorphous alloy catalysts and the promoting effect of metal additives
Authors: Li Hui , Deng Jing‐Fa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo kinds of ultrafine Co–B amorphous alloy catalysts, denoted as P‐1 Co–B and P‐2W Co–B, were prepared by chemical reduction with borohydride in aqueous or 50% (v/v) ethanol/water solution, respectively. In comparison with the corresponding Co‐based crystalline catalysts and Ni‐based catalysts, these catalysts exhibited higher activity during the liquid phase glucose hydrogenation, possibly due to the unique amorphous characteristics and the lower d‐band electron density, which was favorable for hydrogen dissociative chemisorption. Addition of Cr‐, Mo‐ or W‐promoters could further increase the conversion of Co–B amorphous catalyst, which was mainly attributed to the dispersion effect of promoters and the adsorption and polarization of carbonyl groups by these promoters. The different effects of W‐ from Cr‐ and Mo‐promoters on the conversion were observed and are discussed.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of atmospheric acids on Portland cements
Authors: Derry Dennis J , Malati Mounir A , Pullen Jonathan C 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMortar prisms made from three Portland cement types, were exposed at a city centre site (London) and at a suburban site (Horsted). At each site, a set of prisms was exposed either open to the rain or sheltered from it. The chemical analysis of the cements and of the collected rainwater during the experimental period are reported, together with estimates of dry deposited pollutants. The effects of the exposure were assessed by various physical and physicochemical tests of the surface and of the bulk properties of the exposed prisms. The weight increase, the most sensitive indicator of weathering effects, was greater for the sheltered prisms than for prisms open to the rain; the latter, however, showed more visual weathering. Increase in the porosity of the mortars resulted in increased mass gain. The higher acidity of the rain at the Horsted site had an insignificant effect on the percentage mass increase. The effect of this higher acidity was reflected, though inconclusively, by the lower bulk porosity of prisms made from Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement (SRPC) exposed at the Horsted site compared with the set similarly exposed at the London site. The effect of the cement type on the properties of the tested prisms was clearest in the decrease in the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) of the exposed prisms made from Portland Blast Furnace Cement (PBFC) compared with the increase in UPV in prisms made from the other two cements. It seems that the changes in the properties of the prisms exposed to the atmosphere were associated both with the products of the reaction of atmospheric acids with the cement components and the products of continued hydration beyond the 28‐day curing period.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Sonographic findings in ectopic cervical thymus in an infant
Authors: Fitoz Suat , Atasoy Çetin , Türköz Erdem , Gümüş Derya , Erden İlhan , Akyar Serdar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present the case of a 28‐day‐old boy with ectopic thymic tissue in the neck. Sonography showed a well‐delineated, homogeneous lesion in the left submandibular region that was isoechoic relative to the mediastinal thymus. The lesion had angular margins and lacked a mass effect despite its large size (3 × 2 cm). On power Doppler imaging, arteries with an intermediate‐impedance flow pattern were seen entering the lesion from the inferior and lateral margins. On both T1‐ and T2‐weighted MR images, the lesion was isointense relative to the mediastinal thymus and had higher and lower signal intensity than muscle and fat, respectively. A sonographically guided needle biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of ectopic thymus. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:523–526, 2001.
Neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the brain of the locust
Authors: Homberg Uwe 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAs part of continuous research on the neurobiology of the locust, the distribution and functions of neurotransmitter candidates in the nervous system have been analyzed particularly well. In the locust brain, acetylcholine, glutamate, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), and the biogenic amines serotonin, dopamine, octopamine, and histamine most likely serve a transmitter function. Increasing evidence, furthermore, supports a signalling function for the gaseous molecule nitric oxide, but a role for neuroptides is so far suggested only by immunocytochemistry. Acetylcholine, glutamate, and GABA appear to be present in large numbers of interneurons. As in other insects, antennal sensory afferents might be cholinergic, while glutamate is the transmitter candidate of antennal motoneurons. GABA is regarded as the principle inhibitory transmitter of the brain, which is supported by physiological studies in the antennal lobe. The cellular distribution of biogenic amines has been analyzed particularly well, in some cases down to physiologically characterized neurons. Amines are present in small numbers of interneurons, often with large branching patterns, suggesting neuromodulatory roles. Histamine, furthermore, is the transmitter of photoreceptor neurons. In addition to these “classical transmitter substances,” more than 60 neuropeptides were identified in the locust. Many antisera against locust neuropeptides label characteristic patterns of neurosecretory neurons and interneurons, suggesting that these peptides have neuroactive functions in addition to hormonal roles. Physiological studies supporting a neuroactive role, however, are still lacking. Nitric oxide, the latest addition to the list of neurotransmitter candidates, appears to be involved in early stages of sensory processing in the visual and olfactory systems. Microsc. Res. Tech. 56:189–209, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polygonal epithelial cells in glomerular cell culture: Podocyte or parietal epithelial origin?
Authors: Yaoita Eishin , Yoshida Yutaka 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPodocytes are unique cells with regard to morphology, their inability to proliferate in situ, and their apparent essential function for glomerular filtration and permselectivity. Upon transfer into culture conditions, polygonal epithelial cells grow out from isolated glomeruli and these cells have been postulated to represent dedifferentiated podocytes, even though they are negative for podocyte‐specific markers and undergo cell division. However, it is controversial whether they originate from podocytes or parietal epithelial cells (PECs) of Bowman's capsule, because isolated glomeruli contain more or less Bowman's capsule. In this review, we shall summarize recent progress in the identification of the origin of the polygonal cells and the characterization of podocytes in culture. Microsc. Res. Tech. 57:212–216, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcytosis of plasma macromolecules in endothelial cells: A cell biological survey
Authors: Simionescu Maya , Gafencu Anca , Antohe Felicia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe modern exploration of endothelial cell biology is a largely interdisciplinary exercise. Cell biological, physiological, and more recently molecular biology approaches were used to study the pathways and the organelles involved in transcytosis of macromolecules in endothelial cell (EC). Here we discuss mainly the cell biological findings that revealed that EC have the attributes to fulfill the transport function. They are polarized cells, heterogeneous, and, thus, structurally and functionally adapted to the vascular bed in which they reside. The structural heterogeneity involves the number and distribution of plasmalemmal vesicles (caveolae), their generated channels, and the organization of intercellular junctions. The closely related functional heterogeneity comprises the degree of permeability for plasma molecules that vary as a function of organ. The EC are endowed with the cellular machinery to perform (1) endocytosis, that is to take up plasma proteins and the molecules they carry to be used for themselves (cholesterol‐carrying low density lipoproteins, fatty acid carrying albumin, iron carrying transferrin, etc.), and (2) transcytosis, which implies to transport plasma proteins to the subjacent cells and tissues. The possible pathways for transport of molecules are transcellular, via caveolae and channels, and paracellular via intercellular junctions. Most of the results obtained, so far, indicate that transcytosis of albumin, low‐density lipoproteins, metaloproteases, and insulin, is performed by cargo‐vesicles and their generated channels. The paracellular pathway can be used for water and ions; in postcapillary venules, at the level of which ∼30% of junctions are open to a space of 6 nm, small molecules may take this route. Recent data obtained by molecular biology techniques revealed that caveolae are endowed with the molecular machinery for fusion/fission, docking, and movement across cells. Moreover, the various and numerous molecules that have been detected in the caveolae membrane and the different functions assumed by this differentiated microdomain strengthen the postulate that there are at least two or more types of vesicles molecularly tailored for the local physiological requirements. Microsc. Res. Tech. 57:269–288, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional expression and localization of P‐glycoprotein at the blood brain barrier
Authors: Bendayan Reina , Lee Gloria , Bendayan Moise 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUntil recently, the blood‐brain barrier was viewed as a static lipid membrane barrier. Physical attributes of the cerebral endothelial cells such as the presence of tight junctions, paucity of vesicles or caveolae, and high electrical resistance were believed to be the primary components that provide the membrane selectivity of the blood‐brain barrier to a variety of circulating compounds from the periphery. However, results from molecular biology, immunocytochemistry, biochemistry, and transport studies show that the cerebral endothelial cells possess an asymmetrical array of metabolic enzymes (i.e., alkaline phosphatase, cytochrome P450 enzymes, glutathione transferases) and energy‐dependent efflux transport proteins (i.e., P‐glycoprotein and Multidrug‐resistance proteins) that are instrumental to the barrier function. P‐glycoprotein, a membrane‐associated, energy‐dependent, efflux transporter, is expressed in brain parenchyma (i.e., astrocytes and microglia) as well as in blood‐brain and blood‐cerebrospinal fluid barriers. Its function along the blood‐brain barrier is believed to prevent the accumulation of potentially harmful compounds in the brain by actively removing them from the brain into the peripheral circulation. This is a brief review on the expression and activity of P‐glycoprotein at the blood‐brain barrier, which reports on the localization of the protein in rat brain capillaries in situ as well as in a well‐characterized in vitro model of the blood‐brain barrier, an immortalized rat brain endothelial cell line, the RBE4. Immunocytochemical analysis employing various P‐glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies, demonstrated the presence of the protein along the plasma membrane, in plasmalemmal vesicles and nuclear envelope of rat cerebral endothelial cells, both in situ and in vitro. Western blot analysis revealed a single band with a molecular weight of 170–180 kDa, a size previously reported for P‐glycoprotein, in RBE4 cells. In addition, results from functional studies show that the accumulation of the P‐glycoprotein substrate digoxin by RBE4 monolayer cells is significantly enhanced in the presence of standard P‐glycoprotein inhibitors (verapamil, cyclosporin A, PSC 833), protease inhibitors (saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir), and the metabolic inhibitor, sodium azide. These results demonstrate the functional expression of P‐glycoprotein in the immortalized rat brain endothelial cell line, RBE4. Novel in situ and in vitro intracellular locations of P‐glycoprotein in cerebral endothelial cells have been identified suggesting that this transporter may play a significant role in the subcellular distribution of substrates in the brain. Microsc. Res. Tech. 57:365–380, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.