bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Touring
Authors: Aloff Mindy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A Hands-On Schéhérazade The Diaghilev ballerina Lydia Sokolova told the dance historian Richard Buckle of a one-night stand by the Ballets Russes in Spain when the town insisted on seeing the famous Schéhérazade, even though the company hadn’t brought the production on that tour. So, troupers that they were, the dancers found themselves performing Michel Fokine’s Middle Eastern harem fantasy in the set for his Carnaval and in a conglomeration of costumes from his Les Sylphides (Romantic tutus), Daphnis and Chlöe (chitons), and Cléopâtre (sheer, pleated skirts). Speaking of Schéhérazade’s climactic scene, when the potentate catches his unfaithful wife and concubines cavorting with slaves and orders his guards to slay them all, Sokolova recalled: “Nobody knew who anybody was, or who to make for There were no swords, so they had to strangle us. My dear, we put everything into it. We never had such an ovation, before or since.”
Makeup
Authors: Aloff Mindy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Unmasked Gaetan Vestris [1729–1808], the “God of the Dance,” was the first to follow [Jean Georges] Noverre’s suggestions and substitute make-up for the mask. Prompted perhaps by his extraordinary vanity, he appeared displaying his own features in an abbreviated version of Noverre’s own ballet Medée et Jason at the Paris Opéra in 1770, and revealed an unsuspected talent for acting. Next to follow suit was Maximilien Gardel [1741–1787], who had been unable to obtain permission to dance without a mask until he made it a condition of his appearance as substitute for the indisposed Vestris as Apollo in Castor et Pollux. —Moore, pp. 39–40 Caked Doris Humphrey—the dancer, choreographer, and theoretician of choreography—began her performing career, like her colleagues Charles Weidman and Martha Graham—in the Denishawn company, co-founded and directed by Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn. American dance companies, such as Denishawn or the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, supported themselves through frequent, backbreaking tours across the country, often for the better part of a year:
Conductors
Authors: Aloff Mindy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Dancers? There Are Dancers Onstage? British citizen Vernon Castle, of the famous ballroom partnership, wanted to return to England to enlist to fight in World War I. Just prior to his returning to Britain, a last performance featuring the Castles dancing together, to John Philip Sousa’s band, was arranged for the couple’s many fans in New York, at the Hippodrome. Vernon’s wife and dancing partner, Irene Castle, described the evening: There was one small complication. John Philip Sousa was a bandmaster, a very famous bandmaster, and I am sure he was convinced that most of the people had come to listen to his music. He peeped out of the corner of his eye to make sure we were on the stage, then turned his back to us and began to pump away, paying no further attention to us. He ignored our frantic signals to pick up the tempo, and his uniformed arms flailed away with the precise beat of a man conducting a military march, which was exactly what he was doing. I was boiling mad. I could have kicked him. But Vernon laughed and whispered in my ear that it didn’t matter—and added, “I love you.” It didn’t; nothing did for the moment. We had each other and we were dancing!
Sets and Stagecraft
Authors: Aloff Mindy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An Idyll and a Storm Legend has it that the most spectacular, beautiful, and refined theatrical effects ever produced for the ballet were devised in nineteenth-century Russia, at the czar’s various theaters (notably the Maryinsky in St. Petersburg) and estates, where hundreds of men drawn from various branches of Russia’s armed forces would be commandeered to help achieve the spectacle. Whether the effects are, indeed, supreme in dance history—the scenic designs for some seventeenth-century court ballets in Continental Europe were also elaborate and refined—they are certainly in the running. The following stories are told by the ballerina Tamara Karsavina (1885– 1978) in her memoir, Theatre Street. The first describes her participation, as a student at the Imperial Theater School, in an outdoor performance-ceremony at Peterhof, a summer palace. The second describes the scene of a great storm and shipwreck in the ballet Le Corsaire, in which Karsavina danced the lead of Medora as a member of the Maryinsky company. Many of the earlier Maryinsky spectacles were designed by Andrei Roller (1805–91); Karsavina does not specify who was responsible for these.
Big Pictures
Authors: Aloff Mindy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Real Stars in Real Skies Some modern scholars have suggested that the dance may be the oldest of all the arts of man. The Greeks, being a people of great intellectual curiosity, also speculated upon the antiquity of the art, and upon how it all began. Lucian is one of the ancient writers who trace dancing all the way back to the time of the creation of the universe and the appearance of Eros, god of love. These writers, observing the rhythmical movements of the planets in the sky, regard them as constituting a cosmic dance. It is interesting in this connection that Urania, divine patroness of astronomy, was also one of the Muses, patronesses of the dance. Libanius, following Lucian, elaborates on the idea of a dance of heavenly bodies, but speaks also of the gods as “fathers of the dance”; they inspire men to assume various characterizations in their dances, he says, even as the gods assume shapes and bodies of all sorts in their divine activities. He implies that the Muses, too, who habitually dance “with soft feet” on Mount Helicon, had a share in the creation of the dance. Another writer attributes the invention of the dance to the Muse Polyhymnia; and the Muse Terpsichore, whose particular province is the graceful art, and whose very name means “joy in the dance,” is also associated closely with its early development.
Woman’s Power and Woman’s Place in Seventeenth-Century America
Authors: Matthews Glenna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
To consider the role of women among the indigenous peoples of North America is to be reminded that history does not move in only one direction. An account of public women in the United States that begins with the experience of Native Americans is about losses as well as gains. Before the coming of the European invaders, native peoples in what would become the United States constituted twelve major language groups as well as an estimated two thousand smaller groupings. Because it is clearly impossible in a general study to explore the variety of gender roles among so great a number of discrete tribes, the strategy will be to single out two tribes whose gender roles have been well studied, the Iroquois and the Cherokees. As it happens, the women of both tribes enjoyed public roles and a public influence that exceeded anything that would be seen among the Anglo-Americans for centuries to come.
Women and Republicanism
Authors: Matthews Glenna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The concept of “republicanism” has been much used in American historical writing of late, as we have had a number of important books either dealing with the subject directly or else using it as a major component of a larger argument. Indeed, some have suggested that the concept has been so much used as to have lost its specificity of meaning. It is, nonetheless, impossible to write about the rise of public woman without paying careful heed to republicanism. This is because this political ideology, born in ancient Rome and reinvented in the Renaissance as civic humanism, had evolved by the time of the American Revolution in such a way as to create a link between private virtue and public life, making possible a new, if not necessarily coequal, political role for women. Before the advent of the age of reason and the articulation of liberalism, much Western political though tand practice-had assumed a pattern of authority in which God, king, and the father of the family were joined in what one might call a divine right of fatherhood.
“Woman’s Place” and Public Space, 1800-1860
Authors: Matthews Glenna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the antebellum United States women created the first woman’s movement, and state legislatures began to grant married women the right to own property in their own names. As is well understood, both of these developments represented radical departures from the status quo. What is less well understood is the fact that they were part of a larger process by which, during these years, American women were gaining public access in a variety of areas, not only the political and the legal but also the cultural-as with the novel-and the social geographical.
A Kind Of Power: Women And Politics, 1900 1960
Authors: Matthews Glenna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the first decades of the twentieth century women achieved many victories in the public sphere, most important, the suffrage. Moreover, they began to win electoral office, they saw the enactment of major public policy for which they had struggled, and they enjoyed an increasing public presence.. It all added up to a new kind of public power. But at the same time, it must be emphasized, women’s power and women’s access to public influence still fell far short of that exercised by men. What is more, women voted at a lower rate than men and showed no evidence of bloc voting on the basis of perceived gender interest. Those few women elected to high office were frequently widows succeeding their husbands-and they kept a low profile in any event. Before the 1930s, in the rare case where a woman played an important role in government on her own-Belle Moskowitz is the outstanding example of this phenomenon-it was behind the scenes and with a discretion bordering on the heroic.
Working-Class Women And Public Activism
Authors: Matthews Glenna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the sweep of history women outside the middle and upper reaches of society have been generally freer to leave the domestic sphere than others of their sex. Hence, when we talk about working0class women after the emergence of an industrial proletariat, we are talking about a group that is central to the subject of this book, the slow accretion of possibilities for public womanhood. Yet there are few easy generalizations to be made about working-class women, because we must confront contradictory evidence. On the one hand, there are abundant examples of female courage-including physical courage-in organizing or sustaining a strike, for example. We also find abundant examples of female leadership in many other areas besides strikes. But at the level of the leadership of unions themselves we encounter an overwhelmingly male population. Working-class women have simultaneously been the agents of their own history to a surprising extent, given their economic vulnerability, as well as marginalized by maleled unions.
Madness and Responsibility
Authors: Fond John Q La , Durham Mary L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the famous “Son of Sam” case in New York City, David Berkowitz initially claimed after his arrest in 1977 that he was compelled by the “demons in Sam Carr ‘s dog” to kill young lovers while they were parked in their cars. Thus, he maintained he was legally insane and could not be convicted and punished for his carefully planned murders. After subsequently pleading guilty to these charges, he held a news conference in Attica prison and confessed he had invented the story about the demons. David Berkowitz had tried to use the insanity defense to “beat the rap” for murder.
Out of Sight, Out of Mind: The Future of Mental Health Law and Policy
Authors: Fond John Q La , Durham Mary L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Law and policy reforms are products of their time and of times gone by. Reform is shaped both by dominant social values and by the legacies of successes and failures inherited from prior reforms. While major shifts and minor adjustments in our social values keep the pendulum of reform in constant motion, we can say with some certainty that we are no longer at the threshold of the Neoconservative Era. We are in its midst. Disillusionment with Liberal Era policies has brought us face to face with contemporary demands to restore law and order and to reestablish the rights of the majority. And in this whirlwind of social change, the mentally ill have been swept along.
Introduction
Authors: Scally Robert James 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Of all the changes experienced by European peoples in the nineteenth century, none was more profound or more widely felt than migration. Whether it was merely a few miles from village to town or a journey across great oceans, its effects were usually irreversible, distancing minds as well as bodies from the past. In the century before 1914 alone, some forty million individuals crossed the Atlantic, the greatest movement of peoples since the dawn of civilization and an event comparable in its human effects to any of the great wars or revolutions of the modern era. While Irish emigrants did not make up the largest part of this movement, no other country lost a larger part of its population to it or was altered more profoundly by the loss. Nearly a million had already left Ireland before 1845 and in the terrible decade that followed the country sent out a quarter of those remaining, more than two million emigrants. Added to those who died of the hunger and its companion diseases, the slightly more than eight million people of old Ireland were reduced by almost half. Thereafter, tens of thousands followed every year, until the ritual of mourning the departed in the “American wake” became as familiar a part of life as burying the dead.
The Townland
Authors: Scally Robert James 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Tocqueville called this half-hidden settlement, which he visited in Galway in 18 35, “Village X.” It was almost certainly a part of an Irish “townland,” one of the thousands that contained the bulk of the population before the famine. It undoubtedly had a name. Tocqueville had seen many like it in his tour of the Irish countryside but never asked for nor gave a name to these communities. Compared to the settled French and English villages he knew well or the neat, thriving country towns he had seen in America a few years before, “Village X” showed little sign of permanence or civil order. He saw no sign of work or commerce, no track for wheeled vehicles, no center or perimeter to identify it. With one exception, the structures that made it up were of one low story; many were “semi-underground” dwellings hardly distinguishable from their surrounding landscape.
“Rebellion” in Ballykilcline, 1836-1847
Authors: Scally Robert James 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Nothing that can be called a personal account survives from the townland’s conflict with the Crown. In the first few years, it is not even certain that they knew how they had suddenly become the Crown’s tenants. For two generations they had looked upon the lords of Strokestown as their legitimate landlords, as had most of the neighboring townlands. But the coincidence of Maurice Mahon’s lunacy with the expiration of the Crown lease temporarily freed them from any demands for rent. What illusion this emancipation may have created among them, or if it had begun under the mad Baron, is not known, except that their relations were apparently benign. They must have known of his condition, but there is no indication that anyone at Strokestown House thought to explain their changed status. Neither Denis Mahon nor his Galway cousin, who were now litigating for the estate, had a claim on Ballykilcline and demanded no rents. And after forty years of routinely receiving the paltry£200 a year through the Hartland lease, the Crown’s Commissioners acted slowly before demanding payment of the rents directly from the tenants in 1836. By that time, some owed more than three years’ rent to the estate. How far the tenants understood the change in their situation is unclear, but, knowing or unknowing, they were now Crown tenants and about to become visible to the royal bureau
The Crossing: “Just Over a River”
Authors: Scally Robert James 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Out of Liverpool after three days of fog and rain, “Land ho!” was cried aboard the Highlander. Melville described the emigrants as grieved and crestfallen when they were informed that the land to the north was their former home, now in sight again after more than a week of journeying by land and sea. Rumors spread in the steerage that the ship was bound for the East Indies, whatever that may have conveyed to the emigrants. A mischievous seaman told the emigrants they were to be taken to “Barbary” and sold as slaves. There was a fiddler and a wandering, orphan Italian boy with a melodeon aboard this ship, and some merriment on deck in the early days of the voyage. But many remained in the steerage the whole of the way, groaning with the “irresistible wrestler” of seasickness from the first hour.
Introduction
Authors: Goldman Herbert G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Thousands of stage struck girls know Fanny Brice as the subject of Funny Girl, the 1960s show and film that gave the world the hit song “People” and made a superstar of Barbra Streisand. Their aging parents and grandparents remember Fanny as “Baby Snooks,” the incorrigible tot of network radio from 1936 to 1951. A handful of old-timers and show biz aficionados know her as a great comedienne and Yiddish dialectician, laughing hit of the Ziegfeld Follies and other Broad-way shows from 1910 to 1936. Fanny’s daughter, Frances Stark, remembers her mother as a polished lady with the manner of Queen Mary.
A Borach
Authors: Goldman Herbert G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Jewish family has been called a patriarchy in theory and a matriarchy in practice. Fanny Brice’s family was matriarchal in the extreme, and Fanny, independent woman though she was, somehow never really liked it. Fanny’s mother, Rose, was born in Hungary on June 14, 1867, the daughter of Philip Stern, a poor Jewish villager who died when she was still a little girl. Philip’s destitute widow sent their ten-year-old daughter to America with an aunt in 1877. The aunt was the mother’s own sister, to whom she gave three feather beds as payment.
Baby Snooks at Last
Authors: Goldman Herbert G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fanny was playing the Albee Theatre in Brooklyn when Be Your-self! premiered at the Rialto on Friday evening, March 6, 1930. The criticism once more focused on her age. “Miss Brice, of all persons, appears as the ingenue,” observed the caustic New York World. Be Yourself! lost so much money that Joe Schenck declined to make the second film on Fanny’s contract. Fan, who had a guarantee, sued Schenck’s Art Cinema Corporation for $125,000.
Epilogue: Artisans in the New France
Authors: Zdatny Steven M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Laurence Wylie returned to Chanzeaux in the early 1960s for the first time in ten years, and was astonished by the dramatic changes that had overtaken this Breton village-not the least of which was the transformation of the local artisanat. Wylie found, for example, that Georges Davy, a local blacksmith, had given up shoeing horses and was now repairing automobiles. Another Chanzeaux native, Monsieur Bertrand, the son of a blacksmith, had first become a bicycle mechanic and then operated a motorbike station.
Mortifying Reflections: Primatology and the Human Disciplines
Authors: Loy James D , Peters Calvin B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
How like indeed! We flock as visitors to the monkeys and apes in zoological parks because in them we see the reflections of our own private Mister So-and­ sos. Some of their antics fill us with a mixture of amusement and satisfying superiority; others mortify us almost as much as if we had been caught doing them ourselves. Primatologists, of course, share this general fascination and identification with our near relatives. (At a recent primatology meeting, the conventioneers wore buttons announcing “I Monkey Around!” The double or triple entendre was, no doubt, the source of much amusement.) Primatologists, however, are not satisfied with amusement or fascination.
Ontogeny of Behavior in Humans and Nonhuman Primates: The Search for Common Ground
Authors: Chism Janice 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Should researchers who study the ontogeny of human behavior be interested in the work done on development in nonhuman primates? Theories of human development are many, diverse, and in some cases conflicting in their predictions or in attribution of causality. Comparisons of the ontogeny of behavior in human and nonhuman primates can contribute to our understanding of human development by providing data that may help us select between competing theories or hypotheses.
Apes, Humans, and Culture: What Primatological Discourse Tells Us About Ourselves
Authors: Peters Calvin B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There is an old story about a gorilla entering an upscale restaurant, seating himself at the bar, and ordering a scotch, neat. Somewhat taken aback, the bartender pours the gorilla’s drink and takes the $20 bill that has been placed on the bar in payment. At the cash register, the bartender’s darker side gets the best of him and he determines to turn a quick profit, reasoning that despite the unusual nature of the encounter, his customer (now mark) is only a gorilla.
Introduction
Authors: Ammons Elizabeth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
For much of the twentieth century the picture of America’s literary past provided by mainstream scholarship has been remarkably simple. The story has run something like this: Following a long period of development during the country’s colonial and then early nation-building periods, American literature came of age in the early nineteenth century with the work of Irving, Cooper, and Poe and then exploded into brilliant creativity at midcentury in the work of writers whom F. 0. Matthiessen labeled in 1941 as members of the “American Renaissance”-Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman.
The Limits of Freedom: The Fiction of Alice Dunbar-Nelson, Kate Chopin, and Pauline Hopkins
Authors: Ammons Elizabeth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The need to make sense of clashing worlds pressed as hard on Alice Dun-bar-Nelson, Kate Chopin, and Pauline Hopkins as it did on Jewett. For all of them issues of form, freedom, and connection to a strong enabling female past were critical. For all of them creating themselves as artists-not just writers-was a central issue.
Slow Starvation: Hunger and Hatred in Anzia Yezierska, Ellen Glasgow, and Edith Summers Kelley
Authors: Ammons Elizabeth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Such confidence did not plague Anzia Yezierska, Ellen Glasgow, or Edith Summers Kelley. For each, as for many of the writers in this book, the act of writing tapped and produced tremendous insecurities. Yezierska obsessively revised, re-wrote, and reworked her material-never satisfied, never secure in her art. Glasgow vacillated between agreeing that the first twenty-five years of her career were undistinguished and then complaining bitterly about neglect and lack of recognition. Kelley, like a figure out of a story by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, watched poverty and the exhausting demands of motherhood eat away at her talent. For these three writers-although extremely different from each other in basic ways-authorship was anything but easy, joyful, exuberant.