bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman Spectra, Crystal Polymorphism, and Structure of a Prototype Ionic-liquid [bmim]Cl
Authors: Hayashi Satoshi , Ozawa Ryosuke , Hamaguchi Hiro-o 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
A prototype ionic-liquid [bmim]Cl shows crystal polymorphism, having two crystal forms, Crystal (1) and Crystal (2), characterized by distinct X-ray powder patterns and Raman spectra. Two sets of characteristic Raman bands of Crystals (1) and (2), which are mutually exclusive with each other, do coexist in the spectrum of liquid [bmim]Cl. It seems that two distinct structures of the [bmim]+ ion, one corresponding to that in Crystal (1) and the other to that in Crystal (2), exist simultaneously in the ionic liquid state.
Spontaneously Induced Reduction of Trivalent Ytterbium in Synthesized Crystal of Calcite
Authors: Tsuno Hiroshi , Kagi Hiroyuki , Takahashi Yoshio , Akagi Tasuku , Nomura Masaharu 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
XANES spectra showed the occurrence of divalent ytterbium in the synthetic calcite (CaCO3). Approximately 15% ytterbium ion existed as divalent in calcite, although ytterbium ion was trivalent in the starting solutions.
Use of OTC and Herbal Products in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Pharand Chantal , Ackman Margaret L , Jackevicius Cynthia A , Paradiso-Hardy Fran L , Pearson Glen J 
Published: May 2003

BACKGROUND: The use of nonprescription and herbal products by the public is rising, resulting in an increased potential for adverse reactions or drug interactions in cardiac patients. OBJECTIVE: To describe the utilization patterns for nonprescription medications and herbal products in patients with cardiovascular disease across Canada. METHODS: Patients admitted to 8 teaching hospitals during the winter of 1998/1999 were interviewed by a pharmacist using a structured survey instrument. RESULTS: Interviews were conducted with 306 patients (mean age 66 y; 60% men). The majority (74%) had coronary artery disease; however, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmias were also common. The most common product categories used were pain relievers (51%), single-entity vitamin/mineral (38%), multivitamin/mineral (23%), antacids (21%), laxatives (17%), and herbals (17%). As compared with western (28%) and central Canada (26%), fewer patients in the Atlantic region (11%) reported daily use of multivitamin/mineral products. Overall, the usage of specific single-entity vitamin/mineral products was most commonly vitamin E (24%), vitamin C (16%), calcium (9%), and B vitamins (8%). Central Canada reported the highest rates (25%) of daily or weekly use of herbal products. The most common herbal products used were garlic (13%), cayenne pepper (2%), and ginseng (2%). More than half of the patients consulted with their pharmacist at least occasionally regarding the use of these products. CONCLUSIONS: Canadian patients with cardiovascular disease commonly report the use of herbal products and vitamins. Allied health professionals need to be aware of the widespread use of these products and their potential for adverse reactions and drug interactions.
Improving the search environment: Informed decision making in the search for statistical information
Authors: Haas Stephanie W. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA search for information can be viewed as a series of decisions made by the searcher. Two dimensions of the search environment affect a user's decisions: the user's knowledge, and the configuration of the information retrieval system. Drawing on previous findings on users' lack of search or domain knowledge, this article investigates what the user needs to know to make informed search decisions at the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Web site, which provides statistical information on labor and related topics. Its extensive Web site is a rich collection of statistical information, ranging from individual statistics such as the current Consumer Price Index (CPI), to a large statistical database called LABSTAT that can be queried to construct a table or time series on the fly. Two models of the search environment and the query process in LABSTAT are presented. They provide complementary views of the decision points at which help may be needed, and also suggest useful help content. Extensive examples based on the industry concept illustrate how the information could assist users' search decisions. The article concludes with a discussion of the role of help facilities in Web searching, and the interesting question of how to initiate the provision of help.
Rapid immunohistochemical detection of lymph node micrometastasis during operation for upper gastrointestinal carcinoma
Authors: Matsumoto M , Natsugoe S , Ishigami S , Uenosono Y , Takao S , Aikou T 
Published: May 2003

Abstract

Background
The intraoperative diagnosis of lymph node micrometastasis (LNM) may help guide the area of appropriate lymph node dissection. This study aimed to evaluate the rapid immunohistochemical detection of LNMs using frozen sections during operation for gastro-oesophageal cancer.

Methods
Rapid immunostaining with anticytokeratin (AE1/AE3) antibody was compared with conventional immunostaining. A total of 210 lymph nodes obtained from 47 patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and from 32 with gastric adenocarcinoma were examined during operation. Lymph nodes were frozen, sectioned, and examined by histological and immunohistochemical methods.

Results
It took 30 min to complete the rapid immunostaining procedure; the expression of cytokeratin by rapid immunostaining was similar to that by conventional immunostaining. The incidence of lymph node metastasis detected by histological and immunohistochemical examination was 17 and 23 per cent respectively. LNM was solely detected in 12 lymph nodes by immunostaining: three micrometastases and nine with tumour cell microinvolvement.

Conclusion
Intraoperative rapid immunostaining is a simple and useful technique for detecting LNMs. Further study should investigate the role of rapid immunostaining during cancer surgery to select appropriate areas for lymphadenectomy.
Systematic review of the quality of surgical mortality monitoring
Authors: Russell E M , Bruce J , Krukowski Z H 
Published: May 2003

Abstract

Background
Mortality is the most tightly defined and used adverse event for audit and performance monitoring in surgery. However, to identify cause and therefore scope for improvement, accurate and timely data are required. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the quality of measurement, reporting and monitoring of mortality as an outcome after surgery.

Methods
A systematic review of published literature was undertaken for the 7-year interval 1993–1999. Grey and unpublished literature was obtained through the Royal College of Surgeons of England, from UK national audits and routine national hospital data collections.

Results
Eligible monitoring systems included six UK national surgical audits, and cardiac and vascular surgery monitoring systems from North America and the UK. The definitions of ‘surgical death’ varied in several respects and deaths after discharge from hospital were rarely ascertained unless there was routine linkage to national death registers. There were very few published studies on validation of the completeness and accuracy of the data collection.

Conclusion
A comprehensive data collection system is needed for improving clinical performance, with ownership, but not necessarily data collection, resting with the surgeons concerned. Recording of risk factors and deaths after discharge from hospital is essential, whatever data collection system is used.
Randomized clinical study of Gastrografin® administration in patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction
Authors: Biondo S , Parés D , Mora L , Martí Ragué J , Kreisler E , Jaurrieta E 
Published: May 2003

Abstract

Background
Oral Gastrografin® has been used to differentiate partial from complete small bowel obstruction (SBO). It may have a therapeutic effect and predict the need for early surgery in adhesive SBO. The aim of this study was to determine whether contrast examination in the management of SBO allows an early oral intake and reduces hospital stay.

Methods
Eighty-three patients admitted between February 2000 and November 2001 with 90 episodes of symptoms and signs suggestive of postoperative adhesive SBO were randomized into two groups, a control group and Gastrografin® group. Patients in the control group were treated conservatively. If symptoms of strangulation developed or the obstruction did not resolve spontaneously after 4–5 days, a laparotomy was performed. Patients in the Gastrografin® group received 100 ml Gastrografin®. Those in whom the contrast medium reached the colon in 24 h were considered to have partial SBO, and were fed orally. If Gastrografin® failed to reach the colon and the patient did not improve in the following 24 h a laparotomy was performed.

Results
Conservative treatment was successful in 77 episodes (85·6 per cent) and 13 (14·4 per cent) required operation. Among patients treated conservatively, hospital stay was shorter in the Gastrografin® group (P &lt; 0·001). All patients in whom contrast medium reached the colon tolerated an early oral diet. Gastrografin® did not reduce the need for operation (P = 1·000). No patient died in either group.

Conclusion
Oral Gastrografin® helps in the management of patients with adhesive SBO and allows a shorter hospital stay.
Glutamate receptor subunit 3 (GluR3) immunoreactivity delineates a subpopulation of parvalbumin‐containing interneurons in the rat hippocampus
Authors: Moga Diana E. , Janssen William G.M. , Vissavajjhala Prabhakar , Czelusniak Sharon M. , Moran Thomas M. , Hof Patrick R. , Morrison John H. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractRasmussen's encephalitis is a childhood disease resulting in intractable seizures associated with hippocampal and neocortical inflammation. An autoantibody against the GluR3 subunit of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole‐propionic acid (AMPA) receptors is implicated in the pathophysiology of Rasmussen's encephalitis. AMPA receptors mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the brain and contain combinations of four subunits (GluR1–4). Although the distributions of GluR1, GluR2, and GluR4 are known in some detail, the cellular distribution of GluR3 in the mammalian brain remains to be described. We developed and characterized a GluR3‐specific monoclonal antibody and quantified the cellular distribution of GluR3 in CA1 of the rat hippocampus. GluR3 immunoreactivity was detected in all pyramidal neurons and astrocytes and in most interneurons. We quantified the intensity of GluR3 immunoreactivity in interneuron subtypes defined by their calcium‐binding protein content. GluR3 immunofluorescence, but not GluR1 or GluR2 immunofluorescence, was significantly elevated in somata of parvalbumin‐containing interneurons compared to pyramidal somata. Strikingly, increased GluR3 immunofluorescence was not observed in calbindin‐ and calretinin‐containing interneurons. Furthermore, 24% of parvalbumin‐containing interneurons could be distinguished from surrounding neurons based on their intense GluR3 immunoreactivity. This subpopulation had significantly elevated GluR3 immunoreactivity compared to the rest of parvalbumin‐containing interneurons. Electron microscopy revealed enriched GluR3 immunoreactivity in parvalbumin‐containing perikarya at cytoplasmic and postsynaptic sites. Parvalbumin‐containing interneurons, potent inhibitors of cortical pyramidal neurons, are vulnerable in the brains of epileptic patients. Our findings suggest that the somata of these interneurons are enriched in GluR3, which may render them vulnerable to pathological states such as epilepsy and Rasmussen's encephalitis. J. Comp. Neurol. 462:15–28, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HOXB13 homeodomain protein is cytoplasmic throughout fetal skin development
Authors: Kömüves László G. , Ma Xiao‐Kui , Stelnicki Eric , Rozenfeld Sophia , Oda Yuko , Largman Corey 
Published: May 2003

AbstractSubstantial evidence suggests that HOX homeobox genes regulate aspects of body development, including hair formation. We initially isolated the HOXB13 gene from human fetal skin in experiments designed to identify candidate genes that regulate scarless fetal wound healing. Although the HOX homeodomain proteins have been proposed to function as transcription factors, we have demonstrated previously that substantial fractions of the HOXB6 and HOXB4 proteins are localized to the cytoplasm throughout epidermal development. The purpose of the current study was to identify HOXB13 protein expression patterns in developing skin to elucidate potential mechanisms by which this protein might regulate aspects of tissue development and healing. HOXB13 protein expression was detected throughout the developing epidermis, with weaker signal observed in the early developing dermis. Epidermal HOXB13 signal was detected over the entire body surface, but surprisingly, essentially all of the signal was cytoplasmic in developing skin. Low‐level HOXB13 protein expression was detected in adult skin and within the telogen hair follicle, and a portion of the residual signal in adult epidermis was nuclear. Expression in hyperproliferative skin conditions remained cytoplasmic with the exception of epidermis associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, which showed strong HOXB13 expression that was partially localized to the nucleus. Developmental Dynamics 227:192–202, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression and neural control of follistatin versus myostatin genes during regeneration of mouse soleus
Authors: Armand Anne‐Sophie , Della Gaspera Bruno , Launay Thierry , Charbonnier Frederic , Gallien Claude L. , Chanoine Christophe 
Published: May 2003

AbstractFollistatin and myostatin are two secreted proteins involved in the control of muscle mass during development. These two proteins have opposite effects on muscle growth, as documented by genetic models. The aims of this work were to analyze in mouse, by using in situ hybridization, the spatial and temporal expression patterns of follistatin and myostatin mRNAs during soleus regeneration after cardiotoxin injury, and to investigate the influence of innervation on the accumulation of these two transcripts. Follistatin transcripts could be detected in activated satellite cells as early as the first stages of regeneration and were transiently expressed in forming myotubes. In contrast, myostatin mRNAs accumulated persistently throughout the regeneration process as well as in adult control soleus. Denervation significantly affected both follistatin and myostatin transcript accumulation, but in opposite ways. Muscle denervation persistently reduced the levels of myostatin transcripts as early as the young myotube stage, whereas the levels of follistatin mRNA were strongly increased in the small myotubes in the late stages of regeneration. These results are discussed with regard to the potential functions of both follistatin, as a positive regulator of muscle differentiation, and myostatin, as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. We suggest that the belated up‐regulation of the follistatin mRNA level in the small myotubes of the regenerating soleus as well as the down‐regulation of the myostatin transcript level after denervation contribute to the differentiation process in denervated regenerating muscle. Developmental Dynamics 227:256–265, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Easy Access to Derivatives of 2‐(Hydroxymethyl)propane‐1,2,3‐triol (Isoerythritol) with up to Four Separately Addressable Functionalities
Authors: Friedrich Marko , Savchenko Andrei I. , Wächtler Andreas , de Meijere Armin 
Published: May 2003

Abstract5‐Methylene‐2‐oxo[1,3,2]dioxathiane (2) was obtained in 91% yield from 2‐methylenepropane‐1,3‐diol (1) and thionyl chloride. The cyclic sulfite 2 reacts with a variety of nucleophiles to give formally monosubstituted products 3 of the diol 1 in 62−77% yield. Oxidation of 2 with RuCl3/NaIO4 yields the diprotected tetraol 5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2,2‐dioxo[1,3,2]dioxathian‐5‐ol (7) in 86% yield, which can be used to easily access tetrafunctional derivatives of 2‐(hydroxymethyl)propane‐1,2,3‐triol (isoerythritol); for example, acetylation with acetic anhydride furnishes in 96% yield the primary acetate 11, which reacts with potassium cyanide and sodium azide to give the 2‐cyano‐ and 2‐(azidomethyl)propane‐1,2,3‐triol monoacetates 12a,b (78 and 82% yield, respectively). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Contribution of DFT Calculations to the Understanding of an Asymmetric Reaction, the Hydrogen Transfer Reduction of Ketones by a Rhodium(I) Complex
Authors: Delbecq Françoise , Guiral Vincent , Sautet Philippe 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe density functional theory (DFT) calculations presented here allow us to understand the mechanism of an asymmetric reaction, the hydride transfer reduction of acetophenone by a RhI complex bearing a chiral diamine ligand, RhH(diam)(COD). The mechanism which accounts for the enantioselectivity is a concerted one, where both the hydride and one hydrogen carried by a nitrogen are transferred simultaneously to the ketone. The two diastereoisomeric transition states leading to the R and S alcohols have been determined, the former being the most stable. The activation free energies, the kinetic constants and the enantiomeric excesses ee have been calculated, giving values in good agreement with the experiments. Two conditions ensure the enantioselectivity. The first is the existence of a unique isomer of the starting complex, which is achieved by the presence of bulky substituents on the diamine asymmetric carbons. The second is the presence of one hydrogen on the diamine nitrogens (secondary amines) and the existence of a C2 axis for the diamine ligand, which means that only one of these hydrogens points in the same direction as the Rh−H bond, a condition necessary for a low‐energy concerted transfer. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Enantioselective Synthesis of Clavepictine Analogues and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Agami Claude , Couty François , Evano Gwilherm , Darro Francis , Kiss Robert 
Published: May 2003

AbstractSix analogues (labeled 27 to 32) of a cytotoxic alkaloid isolated from the tunicate Clavelina picta were synthesized from an acyl oxazolidine. The absolute stereochemistry of the targeted analogues derived from (R)‐phenyl glycinol and the relative stereochemistries of three of the four stereocentres present in the molecule were set up by stereocontrolled additions to transient iminium ions. The main features of this synthesis include (i) a high level of stereocontrol for all the steps involving the arrangement of relative stereochemistries, (ii) a divergent introduction of the side chain at the end of the synthesis, allowing the easy preparation of the different analogues, and (iii) an original step involving an intramolecular alkylation of an aminonitrile moiety that enabled the efficient construction of the quinolizidine core to take place. Together with the cytotoxic activities of the six analogues, those of three reference compounds (etoposide, adriamycin and irinothecan) were determined by means of the colorimetric MTT assay on four human‐cancer cell lines. Compound 31 had a cytotoxic effect on the four human‐cancer cell lines in dose ranges similar to etoposide and irinothecan. Compound 30 also had a significant cytotoxic effect on all four of the human‐cancer cell lines under study, but these activities were weaker than those induced by compound 31. Compound 29 had a significant cytotoxic effect on three of the four human‐cancer cell lines, and compounds 27, 28 and 32 had no cytotoxic effect (except compound 27 with respect to the A549 model at the highest dose) on the four human models under study. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Novel Thermally Induced Rearrangement of a Propargylallene to a Furofuran Derivative in the Solid State
Authors: Tanaka Koichi , Tomomori Akihiro , Scott Janet L. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWhen colorless prisms of propargylallene 1 were heated at 192−200 °C, 1 changed to dark copper‐brown crystals of furofuran derivative 2 without any melting. The solid‐state mechanism of the reaction was studied by DSC, FT‐IR and X‐ray analyses. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Novel human endothelial cell‐engineered polyurethane biomaterials for cardiovascular biomedical applications
Authors: Wang Dong‐an , Feng Lin‐xian , Ji Jian , Sun Yong‐hong , Zheng Xiao‐xiang , Elisseeff Jennifer H. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA tri‐block coupling‐polymer composed of 4,4′‐methylenediphenyl diisocyanate and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), abbreviated MPEO, was used as the template surface‐modifying additive (SMA), based on which selected amino acids (lysine, arginine, glycin, and aspartic acid) and RGD peptide were respectively conjugated as functional endgroups of the PEO spacer‐arms through sulfonyl chloride‐activation routes. After the immobilization of biofunctional factors, the SMA‐MPEO derivatives were noncovalently introduced onto the biomedical poly(ether urethane) (PEU) surfaces by physical blending methods. The SMA synthesis and PEU surface modification were monitored and analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection‐infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were collected and harvested manually by collagenase digestion. The cell culture was performed respectively on the MPEO derivative‐modified PEU surfaces and also on the surfaces of the commercially available polystyrene cell‐culture plates (TCPS) for control. The cell adhesion rates and cell proliferation rates of the in vitro cultivated HUVEC were measured using flow cytometry. The individual cell viability rates were determined with MTT assay. The cell morphologies of the living HUVECs were investigated by optical inverted microscopy, and more detailed information was acquired from scanning electrical microscopy. The results indicated that the efficacy of SMA functional endgroups was the dominant factor for HUVEC compatibility; the proper‐sized PEO spacers (Mw 2 k) could support and mobilize the functional endgroups, optimizing the surface (interface) environment for the cell growth. As the endgroups of the SMA‐MPEO derivatives and the bio‐functional factors, the basic amino acids (lysine and arginine) demonstrated similar performances to that of the widely acknowledged cell growth‐promoter, RGD peptide, which were superior to TCPS. Therefore, these MPEO derivative‐modified PEU materials are promising to serve as novel polymeric permanent implants or interventional devices for cardiovascular biomedical applications. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 65A: 498–510, 2003