bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research in General Dental Practice: Evaluation of the Clinical Use of a New Composite System by General Dental Practitioners
Authors: Li Raymond W , Pang Arthur W , Sun Frank 
Published: November 2003

Introduction The purpose of the study was to evaluate a recently introduced aesthetic restorative system in respect of: • Presentation and organisation of the package. • Its handling characteristics. • Its polishability. • Shade selection procedures and aesthetic outcome. Material and method The material, Esthet.X Micro Matrix system (Dents-ply), was evaluated by general dental practitioners from a clinical research group known as PEER (Product and Equipment Evaluation and Research). The evaluators were asked to use the material, following manufacturer's instructions, in a variety of cases. A questionnaire was designed specifically for this study and the questions were directed to both the dentists and their dental nurses. The results were analysed statistically and represented in visual analogue scales. Result The material was found to be useful and generally well received. Its use was thought to be technique sensitive but good to excellent results can be achieved. Areas where the evaluators thought the product could be improved were also discussed.
Gold(III) Chloride‐Catalyzed Addition Reactions of Electron‐Rich Arenes to Methyl Vinyl Ketone
Authors: Dyker Gerald , Muth Enrico , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Ding Li 
Published: November 2003

AbstractFor the reaction of α,β‐unsaturated ketones with electron‐rich arenes catalyzed by gold(III) chloride both, a Friedel–Crafts‐type mechanism and an initial metallation, are evaluated. Gold(III) chloride has proven to be an efficient catalyst under very moderate reaction conditions, however, in the case of sterically demanding products HBF4 turned out to be the superior catalyst.
Strained Heterocycles in Radical Chemistry
Authors: Gansäuer Andreas , Lauterbach Thorsten , Narayan Sanjay 
Published: November 2003

AbstractOver the last few decades the use of radicals in synthesis has witnessed an explosive growth through introduction of efficient chain and electron‐transfer reactions. Strained heterocycles, in particular, have emerged as a highly versatile and readily available class of radical precursors. The generation of carbinyl radicals of heterocycles has resulted in many elegant applications of heteroatom‐centered radicals, such as β fragmentations, cyclizations, and intramolecular hydrogen atom abstractions. Direct electron transfer to strained heterocycles has been realized through the use of arene radical anions. The method combines the virtues of radical and organometallic chemistry to yield useful functionalized organolithium compounds. Epoxides have been opened with high regioselectivity by titanocene(III) reagents in either stoichiometric or catalytic quantities to yield β‐titanoxy radicals. This development has resulted in many new applications in natural product synthesis.
Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Docking Studies of New Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors of the Bispyridinium Type
Authors: Kapková Petra , Stiefl Nikolaus , Sürig Ulf , Engels Bernd , Baumann Knut , Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA novel series of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors of the bispyridinium type was synthesized and the inhibitory activity against AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) measured. In essence, the substitution pattern influenced the inhibitory potency against AChE, where the most active bispyridiniumoxime (TMB‐4) was bisbenzyl substituted followed by monobenzyl substituted, bismethyl substituted, and unsubstituted derivatives of TMB‐4. Hence, the bisbenzyl ether of TMB‐4 was further investigated. In order to obtain diverse lipophilic and electronic properties for these bisbenzyl bispyridinium derivatives (so‐called DUO series), the lateral ring substitution was systematically varied. The lowest IC50 value against AChE found thus far in the DUO series was 0.34 μM. Docking studies were carried out to elucidate the differences in biological activity. A general binding mode for nearly all compounds could be identified by these investigations. In this binding mode, the docked ligands span the narrow, deeply buried active‐site gorge, interacting with Trp84 at the bottom of the gorge, Tyr334 or Phe331 halfway down the gorge, and Trp279 at the peripheral anionic site at the mouth of the gorge. For specific ligands, additional interactions were found which helped to explain their deviating activity. Based on the promising characteristics of the novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors presented, a series of structurally related, optimized candidates will be developed.
Terpenoids with a New Skeleton and Novel Triterpenoids with Anti‐inflammatory Effects from Garcinia subelliptica
Authors: Weng Jing‐Ru , Lin Chun‐Nan , Tsao Lo‐Ti , Wang Jih‐Pyang 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThree novel phloroglucinol derivatives, garcinielliptones F (1), H (3), and I (4), and two novel terpenoids, garcinielliptones G (2) and J (5), with a new skeleton have been isolated from the seeds of Garcinia subelliptica. Their structures, including relative configurations, were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and computer‐generated molecular modeling. Compound 1 showed potent inhibitory effects on the release of β‐glucuronidase and lysozyme from rat neutrophils that had been stimulated with formyl‐Met‐Leu‐Phe (fMLP)/cytochalasin B (CB). This effect was concentration‐dependent with IC50 values of 26.9±2.6 and 20.0±1.3 μM, respectively. Compound 1 also showed a potent concentration‐dependent inhibitory effect on superoxide anion generation in rat neutrophils stimulated with fMLP/CB, with an IC50 value of 17.0±0.9 μM. Compound 4 showed a potent inhibitory effect on NO production in culture media of N9 cells in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) in a concentration‐dependent manner with an IC50 value of 7.4±0.2 μM.
Attitudes of medical oncologists toward palliative care for patients with advanced and incurable cancer
Authors: Cherny Nathan I. , Catane Raphael 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBACKGROUND AND METHODSIn part of a quality improvement program, the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) surveyed its membership regarding their involvement in and attitudes toward the palliative care (PC) of patients with advanced cancer.RESULTSOf 895 members who responded, 82.5% were European and 12.1% were American. Sixty‐nine percent of respondents reported that patients with advanced cancer constituted a major proportion of their practice; for 22% of respondents, patients with advanced cancer constituted most of their practice. Only a minority of respondents collaborated often with a PC care specialist (35%), a palliative home care service (38%), an in‐patient hospice (26%), or a psychologist (33%). In response to questions regarding specific involvement in PC clinical tasks, respondents were involved more commonly in treating physical symptoms, such as pain (93%), fatigue (84%), and nausea/emesis (84%), than in managing psychological symptoms and end‐of‐life care issues, such as depression/anxiety (65%), existential distress (29%), or delirium (12%). Forty‐three percent of respondents reported that they directly administered end‐of‐life care often, and 74% reported that they derived satisfaction from their involvement in end‐of‐life care. Overall, 88.4% of respondents endorsed the belief that medical oncologists should coordinate the end‐of‐life care for their patients, but a substantial minority (42%) felt that they were trained inadequately for this task. Positive attitudes toward PC were correlated highly with the degree of direct involvement in PC practice. Practitioners in private practice or teaching hospitals had substantially more positive attitudes regarding PC compared with physicians based in comprehensive cancer centers (P < 0.05). Although most of the responding medical oncologists expressed positive views regarding their involvement in the PC of patients with advanced cancer and dying patients, 15% of respondents had pervasively negative views.CONCLUSIONSMost ESMO oncologists recognize the importance of PC and supportive care for patients with advanced cancer. Despite this, many are prepared inadequately for these tasks, and actual participation levels commonly are suboptimal. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Studies on an Oxidative 1,4‐Addition to s‐trans‐1,3‐Dienes, a Key Reaction in a Strigol Total Synthesis
Authors: Galkina Anna , Buff (née Kranz) Angelika , Schulz (née Samson) Emmanuelle , Hennig Lothar , Findeisen Matthias , Reinhard Gerd , Oehme Ramona , Welzel Peter 
Published: November 2003

AbstractOxidation of 4,6‐heptadienoic acid systems with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of diphenyl diselenide leads to 5‐(3‐hydroxypropenyl)dihydrofuran‐2‐one systems with defined relative configuration at the 4 and 7 positions (carboxylic acid numbering). A system having a six‐membered ring as part of the s‐trans‐diene system was an intermediate in a strigol total synthesis; a second system lacking the six‐membered ring is the subject of the present publication. We accomplished a stereoselective synthesis of the diene system by (i) trapping a π‐allyl palladium complex with lithium diphenylphosphinite to give an allylic diphenylphosphane oxide and (ii) a subsequent Horner−Wittig reaction. The species that brings about the oxidative 1,4‐addition is benzeneperoxyseleninic acid. We also report observations that shed some light on the mechanism. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)
[2+2+2]‐Cycloaddition of 4‐Hydroxy‐Substituted Enediynes to 2‐Hydroxy‐Substituted Decahydrophenanthrenes
Authors: Groth Ulrich , Richter Norbert , Kalogerakis Aris 
Published: November 2003

AbstractEnediynes rac‐4 were prepared in seven steps with an overall yield of 31% starting from 4‐pentyn‐1‐ol (5). A cobalt mediated [2+2+2]‐cycloaddition of these enediynes and subsequent removal of the metal fragment afforded the decahydrophenanthrenes rac‐3/13 in 37−56% yield. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Voltammetry Under Microfluidic Control, a Flow Cell Aproach
Authors: Yunus K. , Fisher A. C. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA generic approach to the design, construction and experimental characterization of novel microelectrochemical reactors (MECR) is presented. Structurally well‐defined rectangular microchannels incorporating electrochemical sensors were fabricated using a propriety photosensitive glass and photolithographic techniques. Microelectrode sensors were produced via evaporation to yield, gold, silver or platinum bands of approximate lengths 10–50 μm. The approach outlined permits cells of dimensions in the range: height 50–100 μm, width 100–500 μm and length 1–3 cm to be accurately constructed, in single or array configurations and were characterized via a voltammetric study utilizing electrolyte solutions containingN,N,N′N′‐Tetramethyl‐1,4‐phenylenediamine. In all cases, the test cells were constructed so that the three dimensional hydrodynamic boundary layer within the cells would significantly influence the reagent transport and therefore the observed current density at the microelectrodes. The current/flow rate relationship observed was analogous to the response of the observed within the macroscopic channel flow cells, where typically the cell design is restricted to configurations where a two dimensional transport analysis can be performed.
Chemical composition of the essential oil of Pistacia lentiscus L. from Morocco—a seasonal variation
Authors: Zrira S. , Elamrani A. , Benjilali B. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAir‐dried aerial parts of Pistacia lentiscus L. collected from different regions of Morocco (Mehdia, Oulmes and Chaouen) were water‐distilled to produce oil in 0.2% yields. The chemical composition of P. lentiscus oils changes from a region to another. The variations in chemical composition are important between plant populations. A total of 45 constituents were identiﬁed. The major oil components of P. lentiscus from Oulmes were α‐pinene (16.5–38.5%), β‐myrcene (10.2–11.5%) and limonene (6.8–9.8%), while terpinen‐4‐ol (32.7–43.8%), α‐pinene (7.1–13.5%) and bornyl acetate (6.8–10.3%) were the main constituents of Chaouen oil. For P. lentiscus from Mehdia, terpinen‐4‐ol (14.5–19.3%), caryophyllene oxide (6.5–10.3%) and limonene (6.7–8.1%) were the major components. The effect of harvesting time on the oil production and chemical composition was also examined at different vegetative stages (December–June). For the three locations, the best oil content was obtained during the ﬂowering period March–June. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extraction, separation and isolation of essential oils from natural matrices by supercritical CO2
Authors: Marongiu Bruno , Piras Alessandra , Pani Federica , Porcedda Silvia , Ballero Mauro 
Published: November 2003

AbstractDried and ground leaves of different plants from Sardinia (Italy), such as Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton and Inula graveolens (L.) Desf., were used for supercritical extraction with carbon dioxide (CO2) to isolate the corresponding extracts. The vegetable fragrances were isolated from the supercritical extract by means of a fractional separation technique. GC–MS analysis of the extracts allowed identiﬁcation of the oil constituents. The process was carried out operating at 90 bar and 50 °C in the extraction vessel, at 90 bar and below ‐5 °C in the ﬁrst separator to selectively precipitate the cuticular waxes, and at a pressure of 15–20 bar and temperatures in the range 15–21 °C in the second vessel to recover the volatile oil. The hydrodistilled oils showed some important differences. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reducing sample sizes in genome scans: Group sequential study designs with futility stops
Authors: König Inke R. , Schäfer Helmut , Ziegler Andreas , Müller Hans‐Helge 
Published: November 2003

AbstractGroup sequential study designs can greatly facilitate analyses of genetic linkage in complex traits. We recently proposed designs allowing stopping investigations early if the result is significant (König et al. [2001] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69:590–600), thereby decreasing average sample sizes under the alternative hypothesis. However, average sample sizes were slightly increased under the null hypothesis. We now present designs where the analysis of markers is additionally stopped in case of futility, i.e., if the probability for significant results is sufficiently low. These sequential designs are applied to linkage analyses of single loci. We calculated sample sizes, time points, and critical boundaries for all analyses for 2‐ and 3‐stage designs at an overall significance level of 0.0001. To confirm the validity of asymptotic approximations, Monte Carlo simulations were performed. The utility is demonstrated analyzing genome scan data provided for the Genetic Analysis Workshop 12. Application of the novel sequential designs yields tremendous decreases in average sample sizes, regardless of the size of the underlying genetic effect at investigated loci. Depending on the applied design, almost half of the sample size is spared on average. These enormous savings are expected to have a special impact on costs and time of large‐scale studies such as genome scans. Genet Epidemiol 25:339–349, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heritability of LDL peak particle diameter in the Quebec Family Study
Authors: Bossé Yohan , Vohl Marie‐Claude , Després Jean‐Pierre , Lamarche Benoît , Rice Treva , Rao D.C. , Bouchard Claude , Pérusse Louis 
Published: November 2003

AbstractLDL size has been associated with the risk of coronary heart disease. The objective of the present study was to verify whether familial factors influence LDL peak particle diameter (LDL‐PPD), a quantitative trait reflecting the size of the major LDL subclass. LDL‐PPD was measured by 2–16% polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis in 681 members of 236 nuclear families participating in the Quebec Family Study. LDL‐PPD was adjusted for age (LDL‐PPD1), age and body mass index (LDL‐PPD2), or age, body mass index, and plasma triglyceride levels (LDL‐PPD3) separately in men and women. The residual scores were used to test for familial aggregation, using an ANOVA and to compute maximum likelihood estimates of familial correlations. The ANOVA test revealed that family lines accounted for 47.4%, 46.7%, and 48.9% of the variance in the LDL‐PPD1, LDL‐PPD2, and LDL‐PPD3 phenotypes, respectively. The pattern of familial correlations revealed no significant spouse correlations but significant parent‐offspring and sibling correlations for the three LDL‐PPD phenotypes, with maximal heritability estimates of 59%, 58%, and 52% for LDL‐PPD1, LDL‐PPD2, and LDL‐PPD3, respectively. These results suggest that LDL‐PPD strongly aggregates in families, and that the familial resemblance appears to be primarily attributable to genetic factors. Genes responsible for this genetic contribution remain to be identified. Genet Epidemiol 25:375–381, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calcium and fluoride release from ion exchange polyphasic systems
Authors: Torrado Anna , Valiente Manuel 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe present study concerns the kinetics of ion exchange accompanied by CaF2 precipitation in tri‐phasic and quadri‐phasic systems involving a weak base anionic exchanger and a carboxylic cationic exchanger in the F− and Ca2+ forms, respectively, in contact with a solution of artificial saliva. It was shown that in both systems the rate of Ca2+ release from the cationic exchanger is much lower than that of F− from the anionic one. The rate of release for both ions, controlled by intraparticle diffusion, has been characterized by a Fick's law model. The kinetic parameters of effective rate of release (B) and diffusion coefficient (D) of the respective ion in the resin phase depend on the type of resin and the presence of different numbers of phases. The amount of the precipitate crystallizing on the surface of the resin beads depends on the type of the ion exchange resin, its particle size and on the ratio of resin components. By varying this ratio and the particle size of the ion exchangers it is possible to accomplish the precipitation mostly on the larger surface of the ionic exchanger. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Pyruvate: An in vivo marker of cestodal infestation of the human brain on proton MR spectroscopy
Authors: Jayakumar Peruvamba N. , Srikanth Subbamma G. , Chandrashekar Hoskote S. , Kovoor Jerry M.E. , Shankar Susarla K. , Anandh Balasubramaniam 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPurposeTo study intracranial cestodal cysts using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in an effort to identify metabolite(s) that may help in recognizing the parasitic etiology and, perhaps, viability of such tapeworm cysts. Cestodal infestations of the human central nervous system (CNS)—cysticercosis and hydatidosis—are not rare. Identification of a scolex is considered diagnostic of cysticercosis on imaging. In its absence, however, the features are non‐specific.Materials and MethodsThree patients with intracranial hydatid cysts and 13 patients with intracranial cysticercal cysts (four intraventricular, seven parenchymal, and two subarachnoid racemose cysts) were studied on a 1.5‐T MR system. In vivo 1H MRS was performed by multivoxel two‐dimensional hybrid chemical shift imaging technique (TE = 135 msec). In vitro 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy (matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization [MALDI]) were performed on excised cysticercal and hydatid cyst fluid. MALDI spectra for pyruvate and succinate were also obtained.ResultsAlanine, pyruvate, and acetate were seen in all the three hydatid cysts. Lactate was seen in racemose cysticercal cysts. A large resonance at 2.4 ppm, confirmed as pyruvate at mass spectroscopy, was seen in 13 cestodal cysts. Pyruvate was not seen in one each of racemose, intraventricular, and parenchymal cysticercal cysts.ConclusionPyruvate is the predominant metabolite in cestodal cysts infesting the human CNS. It may be a marker of parasitic etiology and perhaps that of viability of such intracranial cysts. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:675–680. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uterine peristalsis shown on cine MR imaging using ultrafast sequence
Authors: Nakai Asako , Togashi Kaori , Yamaoka Toshihide , Fujiwara Toshitaka , Ueda Hiroyuki , Koyama Takashi , Kobayashi Hisataka , Kagimura Tatsuo , Fujii Shingo , Konishi Junji 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate and evaluate uterine peristalsis on cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using ultrafast imaging.Materials and MethodsSerial MR uterine images (300) were obtained from 15 normal volunteers over four menstrual phases using true fast imaging with steady‐state precession (true FISP) technique over 117 seconds and videotaped. Three radiologists independently evaluated videotapes of 59 studies. Uterine peristalsis was defined as wavy movements of subendometrial myometrium or endometrium. Interobserver reliability was evaluated using a Kappa coefficient. Fifty‐four studies obtained in appropriate phases were analyzed.ResultsCine MRI displayed uterine peristalsis in 30 of 59 studies; consensus reading showed direction in 23 studies. Reliability between the final consensus of the recognition of uterine peristalsis and those of the three readers was extremely concordant, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.908. Wave direction was cervico‐fundal in follicular and periovulatory phases, with frequency of contraction waves being 1.2–2.3 per minute in positive studies.ConclusionUterine peristalsis was demonstrated on cine MR using ultrafast MRI. Direction and frequency of peristaltic waves are closely related to menstrual cycle phases. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the JMRI website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1053‐1807/suppmat/index.html.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:726–733. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Auto‐SENSE perfusion imaging of the whole human heart
Authors: Köstler Herbert , Sandstede Jörn J.W. , Lipke Claudia , Landschütz Wilfried , Beer Meinrad , Hahn Dietbert 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPurposeTo show the application of auto‐sensitivity encoding (SENSE)—a self‐calibrating parallel imaging technique—to first pass perfusion imaging of the whole human heart.Materials and MethodsThe self‐calibrating parallel imaging method auto‐SENSE was implemented for a saturation recovery turbo‐fast low‐angle shot (FLASH) sequence on a 1.5‐T scanner using a standard four‐element body phased array coil. By reducing the acquisition time per slice by a factor of two compared to conventional turbo FLASH imaging, the number of imaged slices could be doubled to six to ten with an unchanged temporal resolution of one image per heartbeat. This technique has been tested in eight healthy volunteers for contrast‐enhanced heart perfusion imaging.ResultsAuto‐SENSE heart perfusion imaging with improved coverage of the human heart could be performed successfully in all volunteers. A first quantitative comparison of perfusion values between the auto‐SENSE and the non‐SENSE techniques shows good agreement.ConclusionAuto‐SENSE allows perfusion imaging of the whole human heart without gaps. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:702–708. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.