bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Social Determinants of Mental Health Burden Two Years into the Pandemic: A Brief Report from a Longitudinal Survey
Authors: Sanchez Katherine , Hall Lauren , Graca Briget da , Bennett Monica , Powers Mark , Warren Ann Marie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective: To examine two waves of longitudinal survey data, at 1- and 2-years into the COVID-19 pandemic, to determine sociodemographic and economic risk factors for prolonged mental health distress.
Methods: A longitudinal study of adults (N=1,412) began in April of 2020 in a large health system in Texas. Follow-up surveys were sent at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. The survey data included demographics, self-report mental health history, and symptoms of depression (PHQ-8). Generalized linear regression models were utilized to determine factors associated with a change in PHQ-8 at 1-year and 2-years from baseline.
Results: Significant increases in PHQ-8 scores at both 1- and 2-year follow-up were associated with lower income, lower education, unemployment, history of depression, and being a healthcare worker or essential worker.
Conclusions: Lower income individuals, those unemployed at baseline, essential workers, healthcare providers, and people with a history of depression reported worsening depression symptoms from their baseline scores.
Policy implications: Establishing mechanisms and pathways of causality in social determinants of health research is critical to inform public health policy and population health interventions.
Genetically Programmable Optical Random Neural Networks
Authors: Tegin Ugur , Carpinlioglu Bora , Danis Bahrem Serhat 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Today, machine learning tools, particularly artificial neural networks, have become crucial for diverse applications. However, current digital computing tools to train and deploy artificial neural networks often struggle with massive data sizes and high power consumptions. Optical computing provides inherent parallelism and perform fundamental operations with passive optical components. However, most of the optical computing platforms suffer from relatively low accuracies for machine learning tasks due to fixed connections while avoiding complex and sensitive techniques. Here, we demonstrate a genetically programmable yet simple optical neural network to achieve high performances with optical random projection. By genetically programming the orientation of the scattering medium which acts as a random projection kernel and only using 1% of the search space, our novel technique finds an optimum kernel and improves its initial test accuracies 7-22% for various machine learning tasks. Our optical computing method presents a promising approach to achieve high performance in optical neural networks with a simple and scalable design.
Societal costs of older adults with low back pain seeking chiropractic care: findings from the BACE-C cohort study
Authors: Maas Esther , Vossen Brenda L van der , Dongen Johanna M van , Jenks Alan D , Rubinstein Sidney M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
To describe the societal costs during one year of follow-up among older adults seeking chiropractic care due to a new episode of low back pain (LBP), and to determine what factors predict high societal costs in this population.
Methods
Prospective cohort study, within chiropractic private practices (n = 38) in the Netherlands. 233 people ≥ 55 years of age with a new episode of LBP seeking chiropractic care participated. The primary outcome was total societal costs. High societal costs were defined as patients with costs in the top 20th percentile. The final prediction models were obtained using forward selection. Results were presented for the total population and stratified for retirement status. The model’s prognostic accuracy (Hosmer-Lemeshow X2, Nagelkerke’s R2) and discriminative ability (area under the receiver operating curve (AUC)) were assessed, and the models were internally validated using bootstrapping.
Results
The mean total annual societal cost per patient was €5122 (95%CI:4018–6227). The biggest cost driver was presenteeism (47% of total costs), and costs were greater among non-retired participants (€7579; 95%CI:5877–9281) than retired participants (€1754; 95%CI:1010–2499). In the total population, younger age (odds ratio (OR):0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI):0.81–0.99), being male (OR:0.23; 95%CI:0.08–0.64), less alcohol intake (OR:0.36; 95%CI:0.14–0.98), working (OR:0.04; 95%CI:0.00-0.38), and more disability at baseline (OR:1.06; 95%CI:0.98–1.15) were found to be predictive of high societal costs. Working was found to be the strongest predictor for high societal costs. After internal validation, the model’s fit was good, it’s explained variance was moderate (36%) and their AUCs could be interpreted as moderate (0.77). For non-pensioners, the same predictive factors were identified as for the entire population. The costs for the retired participants showed too little variation to be able to predict high costs.
Conclusions
This study estimated the mean total annual societal cost of older adults seeking chiropractic care due to a new episode of LBP at €5122 (95%CI:4018–6227). These costs were mainly due to high levels of presenteeism, and extensively differed based upon work status.
Unveiling Nerve Match in Free Gracilis Muscle Transplantation: A Comprehensive Anatomical Investigation
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhou Xiang , Li Ping , Qi Jian , Gu Liqiang , Qin Bengang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the compatibility between common donor nerves such as the accessory nerve, phrenic nerve, and intercostal nerves in terms of cross-sectional area and the number of myelinated nerve fibers, compared with the obturator nerve's anterior branch to the gracilis muscle.
Methods: Six fresh frozen cadavers were dissected to expose the accessory nerve, phrenic nerve, intercostal nerves, and the anterior branch of the obturator nerve to the gracilis muscle. Measurements of cross-sectional area, and the number of myelinated nerve fibers were taken.
Results: The number of myelinated nerve fibers in the gracilis muscle nerve was 2870.56 ± 1216.99, with a cross-sectional area of 0.56 ± 0.24 mm²; the accessory nerve had 2210.55 ± 1461.82 myelinated nerve fibers with a cross-sectional area of 0.43 ± 0.28, giving a fiber ratio of 0.77 compared to the gracilis muscle nerve; the phrenic nerve had 2845.65 ± 765.40 myelinated nerve fibers with a cross-sectional area of 0.55 ± 0.15, giving a fiber ratio of 0.99. The detailed counts of myelinated nerve fibers, cross-sectional areas, and their ratios compared to the gracilis muscle nerve for each intercostal nerve are presented in Table-1 and Table-2.
Conclusion：
This study focuses on optimal nerve matching in functional muscle transplantation for brachial plexus injury reconstruction using FMT. Findings indicate a 0.7 ratio as optimal when using three intercostal nerves, compared to 0.77 and 0.99 for SAN and phrenic nerve matches, respectively.
A Pathology-Interpretable Deep Learning Model for Predicting Microsatellite Instability State in Colorectal Cancer: Validation across Diverse Platforms and Asian Cohorts
Authors: Zhang Zhenqi , Wang Wenyan , Song yaolin , Liu xinyu , Yang ping , Shi hailei , Tian geng , Yang jialiang , Xing Xiaoming 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background The determination of microsatellite (MS) state plays a vital role in precise diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the limited availability of medical resources and challenging economic circumstances render MS state testing unattainable for a significant proportion of CRC patients. We propose a novel pathology-interpretable deep learning model to predict the MS state of CRC, with an inclination to validate in the Asian population across multiple cohorts and sequencing platforms.
Methods Pathological images, documented MS state and clinical characteristics of 360 CRC patients from the cancer genome atlas together with 782 cases from Chinese hospital were included.
Results The model demonstrated notable generalization ability, achieving an AUC of 0.92 in the independent verification cohort and an AUC of 0.93 in the multicenter cohort. We achieved cell nucleus segmentation and image-based cell type identification using the hover-net model to provide the pathology interpretation of the model, unveiling significant predictors of microsatellite instability. Notably, patients classified as microsatellite instability (MSI) by the model exhibited higher progression-free survival rates, supported by follow-up data.
Conclusions The model shows great potential for clinical usage, particularly in the Asian population, demonstrating high accuracy across multiple cohorts and MSI detection platforms.
Projected Increase in Extremely Active Atlantic Hurricane Seasons
Authors: Lopez Hosmay , Lee Sang-Ki , West Robert , Kim Dongmin , Foltz Gregory , Alaka Ghassan , Murakami Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Future changes to the year-to-year swings between active and inactive North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) seasons have received little attention, yet may have great societal implications in areas prone to hurricane landfalls. This work investigates past and future changes in North Atlantic TC activity, focusing on interannual variability and evaluating the contributions from anthropogenic forcing. We show that interannual variability of Atlantic TC activity has already increased, evidenced by a significant increase in the occurrence of both extremely active and inactive TC seasons since the 1980s. Consistent with the observed trend, TC-resolving general circulation models project a 58 - 64% increase in the variance of North Atlantic TC activity, measured by accumulated cyclone energy, by the middle of the 21st Century. Further analysis indicates that these changes are the result of increased variability in vertical wind shear and atmospheric stability, in response to enhanced Pacific-to-Atlantic interbasin sea surface temperature variations. Therefore, we conclude that robust anthropogenic-forced intensification in the variability of Atlantic TC activity has already emerged from natural variability and will continue to intensify in the future, with important implications for emergency planning and societal preparedness.
Advancements in Indoor Floor-Level Detection: A Comprehensive Algorithm for Vertical Positioning in Multi-Building Environments
Authors: Marjasz Rafał , Grochla Krzysztof , Połys Konrad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The proliferation of smartphones has catalysed diverse services, mainly focusing on indoor localization to determine users' and devices' positions within buildings. Despite decades of exploration, the seamless integration of wireless technologies in tracking devices and users has become pivotal in various sectors, including health, industry, disaster management, building operations, and surveillance. Extensive research in laboratory and industrial settings, particularly in wireless sensor networks and robotics, has informed indoor localization techniques. This paper, referencing surveys and original literature reviews, proposes an innovative indoor location system amalgamating GPS and barometer readings. GPS identifies entry through doors, while barometer readings facilitate accurate floor-level tracking. The integration promises continuous real-time location updates, enhancing security, navigation, and emergency response. Notably, the algorithm is infrastructure-independent, relying on the smartphone's barometer, and versatile, detecting elevator travel when Wi-Fi AP or LTE signals are available. Results indicate high accuracy, with building entry exceeding 93%, elevator recognition achieving 75% sensitivity and 97% specificity, and floor change detection surpassing 95% sensitivity and nearly 98% specificity. This comprehensive solution, emphasizing the critical role of precise vertical positioning, signifies an advancement in tracking within urban structures.
Gallbladder Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rate Trends in China: A National Population-based Cancer Registry
Authors: Zhang Xinzhou , Xu Chenyun , Zhang Han , Du Xinxin , Zhang Quanyu , Lu Manman , Ma Yanrong , Ma Wenjun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Gallbladder cancer is a major health concern in China, and awareness of the associated incidence and mortality rates is particularly important given the aging population.
Objective
To determine trends in gallbladder cancer incidence and mortality rates over 12 years and quantitatively analyze the influence of demographic factors on these rates in China
Methods
We performed a retrospective study of 98,860 Chinese citizens using the Chinese Cancer Registry, a national database. Gallbladder cancer incidence and mortality data pertaining to patients treated between 2005 and 2017 were collected. Joinpoint regression models were used to estimate the annual percentage change (APC) and average APC (AAPC). We used age-period-cohort analyses and decomposition methods to investigate differing trends in incidence and mortality.
Results
The age-standardized gallbladder cancer incidence and mortality rates in China trended downward between 2005 and 2017, with AAPCs of -2.023% and − 1.603%, respectively. The incidence rate increased with age up to 70 years and peaked at 70–79 years, while the mortality rate showed a consistent increase with age. Both incidence and mortality rates increased in more recent periods; in terms of the cohort effect, rates generally decreased in later birth years but showed a partial rise between 1982 and 1996. The crude incidence rates of gallbladder cancer according to demographic and non-demographic factors were 626.09% and − 526.09% respectively (366.23% and − 266.23% among men, and 6068.93% and − 5968.93% among women, respectively). The rates were 543.01% and − 443.01%, respectively, in urban areas and were 68.22% and 31.78%, respectively, in rural areas. The mortality rates according to demographic and non-demographic factors were − 495.93% and 595.93%, respectively (-1763.10% and − 1863.10% for men and − 270.56% and − 370.56% for women, respectively). These rates were − 930.33% and 1030.33%, respectively, in urban areas and were 101.48% and − 1.48%, respectively, in rural areas.
Conclusions
The overall standardized gallbladder cancer incidence and mortality rates in China are trending downward, but not sufficiently so. Proper living and eating habits should be encouraged while exploring the establishment of long-term, standardized gallbladder cancer screening programs.
Effectiveness of Simulation-based Interventions on Empathy Enhancement Among Nursing Students: a Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Cho Mi-Kyoung , Kim Mi Young 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to secure and analyze evidence regarding the enhancement of nursing students’ empathy through simulation-based interventions by comprehensively analyzing self-reported emotions and reactions (primary outcomes) as well as the results reported by nursing students who experienced simulation-based interventions, including empathy.
Methods
This systematic literature review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of simulation-based interventions on enhancing empathy among nursing students. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The following details were considered: population, nursing students, intervention, simulation-based interventions targeting empathy enhancement, comparators, control groups without intervention or those undergoing general non-simulation-based classes, and outcomes (self-reported empathy).
Results
The overall effect size for empathy was 0.35, indicating a statistically significant effect. Meta-regression analysis examining empathy revealed significant results for the following factors: year (Ref: <2019), country (Ref: Asia), center (Ref: 1), IRB (Ref: No), research design (Ref: Quasi-Experimental), participants (Ref: <60), intervention type (Ref: Simulation), control group intervention (Ref: No or usual), and intervention duration (Ref: not reported or < 4 weeks).
Conclusions
Considering factors such as variations in sample size, research approaches, and the effects of independent studies on empathy, this systematic literature review and meta-analysis suggests that simulation-based education can significantly improve nursing students’ overall empathy skills.
Distinct features of a peripheral T-helper subset that drives B cell response in dengue virus infection
Authors: Gupta Nimesh , Ansari Asgar , Sachan Shilpa , Ahuja Jatin , Venkadesan Sureshkumar , Nikam Bhushan , Kumar Vinod , Jain Shweta , Singh Bhanu , Coshic Poonam , Sikka Kapil , Wig Naveet , Sette Alessandro , Weiskopf Daniela , Mohantay Debasisa , Soneja Manish 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Dengue virus-induced humoral immunity can enhance the risk of severe disease, but the factors influencing this response are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the contribution of CD4+ T-cells in driving B-cell response in human dengue-infection. We identified a dominant peripheral PD1+ T-cell subset that aberrantly accumulated in severe patients and can induce B-cell differentiation via utilizing IL21 help-axis. Single-cell analyses uncovered the heterogeneity in peripheral PD1+ cells revealing the co-existence of subsets with ‘helper’ (IL21+) or ‘cytotoxic’ characteristics. The IL21+ subset displayed a distinct clonotypic and transcriptomic signature than Tfh cells and persist as memory in human lymph-nodes. Notably, we show the existence of extrafollicular B-cell responses in dengue that seems to controlled by IL21+-subset. Our study establishes peripheral IL21+-subset as a potential determinant of humoral response to DENV. These findings provide important insights into the T-cell-dependent regulation of humoral responses in dengue and inform the design of therapeutics and effective vaccines.
One Sentence Summary: Peripheral IL21+ T helper subset is a major T-cell determinant of humoral immunity development to dengue virus in human infection.
Numerical Combination of Anisotropic and Isotropic TV Denoising Problems
Authors: Bougueroua Soulef , DAILI Nourreddine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present numerical results obtained by numerically combining anisotropic and isotropic TV denoising problems. The anisotropic TV denoising algorithms give us better processed images , but in a longer time. As for the isotropic TV denoising algorithms, they provide a lower-quality image, but in a faster time. Therefore, we combined the two models to get a good-quality image in a shorter period of time. We put the image obtained from the program algorithm TV isotropic on the data of the program algorithm TV anisotropic to work on it to get the best results. Indeed, we obtainedimages of the best quality in a short period of time (clean, not smooth, and textures were preserved).
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). Primary 68W40; Secondary 65K05; 65Z05; 65S99.
Analysis of Threaded Bolt Fastener Influence on Special Steel Modular Construction
Authors: Uz Mehmet E. , Ozkat Emre , Ersoy Mehmet C. , Salvan Necdet 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of threaded bolt fasteners on the initial and final stiffness of bolted joints in special steel modular construction. A comprehensive set of 246 specimens, including 4, 7.6, and 12 mm thick plates with 20 and 30 mm diameter bolts and different end spacings, were tested. The results revealed that connections with threaded bolts exhibited lower initial stiffness compared to pure shaft connections. This study introduced a novel formula that significantly improved simulation results for bolted joints, surpassing previous modeling approaches. Following the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) definition, the "elastic" stiffness values obtained from the laboratory tests were compared with those of Eurocode provisions. Additionally, ad hoc formulas were proposed for the stiffness of shank, partially threaded, and fully threaded bolt connections. These results offer valuable insights for enhancing the stiffness of bolted shear connections.
How Transfer Learning Is Used in Generative Models forImage Classification: Improved Accuracy
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Danial , Sharif Sarah Safura , Banad Yaser Mike 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Recent breakthroughs in generative neural networks have paved the way for transformative capabilities,particularly in their capacity to generate novel data, notably in the realm of images. Theintegration of these models with the increasingly popular technique of transfer learning, designed forproficient feature extraction, holds the promise of enhancing overall performance. This paper delvesinto the exploration of employing generative models in conjunction with transfer learning methods forfeature extraction, with a specific focus on image classification tasks. Our investigation aims to scrutinizethe effectiveness of leveraging generative models alongside pre-trained models as feature extractorsin the context of image classification. To the best of our knowledge, our investigation is the first tolink transfer learning and generative models for a discriminative task under one roof. The proposedapproach undergoes rigorous evaluation on two distinct datasets, employing specific metrics to gaugethe model’s performance. The results exhibit a notable nearly 10% enhancement achieved through theintegration of generative models, underscoring their potential for achieving heightened accuracy inimage classification. These findings highlight significant advancements in image classification accuracy,surpassing the performance of conventional Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models.
COVID testing hesitancy among pregnant patients: Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic about the unique needs and challenges of medically complex populations
Authors: Farrell Ruth , Dahler Caitlin , Pope Rachel , Divoky Ellen , Collart Christina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Pregnant patients were a significant population to consider during the pandemic, given the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on obstetric outcomes. While COVID testing was a central pillar of infection control, it became apparent that a subset of the population declined to test. At the same time, data emerged about pregnant persons also declining to test. Yet, it was unknown why pregnant patients declined tests and if those reasons were similar or different from those of the general population. We conducted this study to explore pregnant patients' attitudes, access, and utilization of COVID-19 testing to support healthcare for infection prevention management for this unique and medically complex population.
Methods
We conducted a qualitative study of patients who were currently or recently pregnant during the early stages of the pandemic and received outpatient prenatal care at one of the participating study sites. An interview guide was used to conduct in-depth telephone interviews. Coding was performed using NVivo, and analysis was conducted using Grounded Theory.
Results
The average age of the participants (N = 37) was 32 (SD 4.21) years. Most were < 35 years of age (57%) and self-described as White (68%). Qualitative analysis identified themes related to barriers to COVID-19 testing access and use during pregnancy, including concerns about test accuracy, exposure to COVID-19 in testing facilities, isolation and separation during labor and delivery, and diminished healthcare quality and patient experience.
Conclusions
The implementation of widespread and universal COVID testing policies did not address the unique needs and challenges of pregnant patients as a medically complex population. It is important to understand the reasons and implications for pregnant patients who declined COVID testing during the current pandemic to inform strategies to prevent infection spread in future public health emergencies.