bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ultrastructural localisation of de‐nol (colloidal tripotassium dicitrato‐bismuthate—TDB) in the upper gastrointestinal tract of man and rodents following oral and instrumental administration
Authors: Coghill S. B. , Hopwood D. , McPherson S. , Hislop S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn the presence of hydrochloric acid, tripotassium dicitrato‐bismuthate forms a particulate precipitate which is electron dense. In upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic biopsies, following a single oral dose, precipitate was detected between superficial oesophageal epithelial cells and also lining lipid droplets within oesophageal cells. The precipitate does not appear to penetrate the thick mucus barrier in the normal stomach but reaches the epithelial cell surface in the duodenum and proximal jejunum. Small particles of bismuth complex are endocytosed by the enterocyte and enter multivesicular bodies. A similar series of events was observed in rodents and an approximate time course for adsoprtion and endocytosis was estimated.
A morphometric, biochemical and histochemical comparison of puromycin aminonucleoside and hyperalbuminaemic induced proteinurias in the female Wistar rat
Authors: Lawrence Gillian M. , Brewer D. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBiochemical, immunological, histochemical and electron microscope morphometric techniques were used to monitor the changes in urinary protein composition, albumin clearance and glomerular ultrastructure induced in female Wistar rats following i.p. injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) or bovine albumin (BSA). BSA injected rats maintained a high degree of selectivity with albumin constituting 90 per cent. of the total protein excreted even when mean protein excretion was in the order of 500 mg/24 hr. A similar degree of selectivity was only evident in PAN nephrotic rats at low levels of proteinuria. Levels of 500 mg/24 hr only 57 per cent. of the total protein was albumin. These differences correlated well with the increased number of glomeruli from PAN nephrotics compared with hyperalbuminaemic rats which, at these high levels of proteinuria, had bare areas of glomerular basement membrane caused by epithelial cell detachment (88 and 7 per cent. respectively).Detailed electron microscope morphometric and immunohistochemical studies showed that there were also important quantitative differences in a number of superficially similar glomerular structural alterations. In PAN nephrotic rats all glomeruli showed very marked epithelial cell foot process loss and reduced staining with colloidal iron. In glomeruli from hyperalbuminaemic rats there was a wide variation in the extent of epithelial ceil foot process loss and reduced colloidal iron staining was only demonstrable in those glomeruli which had swollen epithelia containing large numbers of vacuoles and protein droplets. Similarly, while protein droplets were smaller and less numerous in glomeruli from PAN‐injected rats, they were present in most glomeruli whereas their distribution was much more variable in glomeruli from BSA‐injected rats.All the data collected therefore indicated that there were important differences in the types of proteinuria and glomerular ultrastructural damage present in PAN nephrotic and hyperalbuminaemic rats and suggested that their induction may have involved entirely different mechanisms. Evidence gathered from one experimental model should thus only be used with extreme caution to aid in interpretation of data obtained from the other.
Gallbladder epithelial acid hydrolases in human cholecystitis
Authors: Kouroumalis E. , Hopwood D. , Ross P. E. , Milne G. , Bouchier I. A. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe lysosomal enzymes β‐glucuronidase and acid phosphatase were studied in 112 patients with cholecystitis. Acid phosphatase activity was generally lower in patients with cholesterol stones compared with cases with pigment stones. β‐glucuronidase activity was higher in acalculous cholecystitis than in any other group, a fact compatible with the concept that in lithiasis the enzyme is secreted into the bile and therefore may participate in nidus formation. Histochemistry at light microscopical level clearly demonstrates the lysosomal distribution of these enzymes and their presence in the macrophages infiltrating lamina propria in cholesterolosis. Electron histochemistry in 45 patients showed acid phosphatase activity in lysosomes and some in mucous droplets. Thiamine pyrophosphatase activity, a marker for the Golgi system, showed a close association with these mucous droplets. The secretion of mucus will be accompanied by a secretion of acid phosphatase, and by implication other acid hydrolases, into the bile.
Pathological aspects of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Weinbren K. , Mutum S. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTissue specimens resected from liver and bile‐ducts were examined in an attempt to distinguish features of cholangiocarcinoma from those of ether tumours and from reactions to duct obstruction and changes in the tumour‐bearing liver. Macroscopical and microscopical features were compared and certain changes were found only in cases of cholangiocarcinoma. The type of tumour correlated moderately well with the level of bile duct involved and some microscopical findings were noted only in patients suffering from cholangiocarcinoma. Mucin was demonstrable in all 33 cholangiocarcinomas. Other striking features included heterogeneity of epithelial cells within the same acinus and a tendency to spread between hepatocyte plates, along duct walls and in relation to nerves.Reactive hyperplasia of ductal subepithelial mucous glands was found in association with duct obstruction with and without cholangiocarcinoma.Sclerosis, a common accompaniment of cholangiocarcinoma was noted in other tumours.
The histopathology of tissues in “resistant” and “susceptible” strains of mice infected with a moderate dose of Mycobacterium lepraemurium
Authors: Adu Hannah O. , Turk J. L. , Curtis Jill 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA systematic study by light and electron microscopy of tissues from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice infected subcutaneously with 107 Mycobacterium lepraemurium organisms was carried out at various times throughout the infection. The relatively resistant C57BL/6 mice had an earlier inflammatory response at the site of the infection than did the susceptible BALB/c mice. The infiltration in the former strain contained fibroblast‐like cells and epithelioid cells early on in the infection. Few lymphocytes were observed in both strains throughout the infection. The spread of acid‐fast bacilli was slower in the resistant strain (C57BL/6). The findings indicated that the rate of cellular infiltration at the infection site and the nature of the cells in the infiltration may determine the outcome of this infection.
Functional abnormalities in the beige mouse eosinophil assessed using T. spiralis as a target
Authors: Jungery M. , McLaren D. J. , Ogilvie B. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThese studies on eosinophils from beige mice have shown that such cells possess morphologically abnormal granules and that they also have an impaired capacity to interact in vitro with a non‐phagocytosable target such as the infective larva of Trichinella spiralis. However, beige mice with these functionally abnormal eosinophils are able to control a T. spiralis infection as well as the normal heterozygote mice.A morphological study of beige eosinophils revealed the presence of structurally distinct lysosomal secretion granules. Some resembled granules in normal eosinophils while others were grossly enlarged and contained multiple crystalloids. When these peritoneal eosinophils were allowed to interact with T. spiralis in vitro in the presence of specific antibody and/or complement, they behaved differently. Cells containing only large granules adhered loosely and temporarily; they were not observed to degranulate. In contrast, cells containing a mixture of granules, or only small granules were able to adhere and degranulate.Despite the defects in the eosinophils of beige mice, the course of an infection with the nematode parasite T. spiralis in beige animals was similar to that in normal animals. Therefore, if eosinophils are crucial in the control of this infection as suggested from other studies, the defect in beige eosinophils is not sufficient to prevent an apparently normal response to the parasite.
An acth‐induced renal glomerular lesion in the mouse: Immunofluorescence microscopy
Authors: Feldman David L. , Gorfien Stephen F. , Christian John J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMice were injected with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the glomerular lesion that was induced was studied by light and immunofluorescence microscopy. By light microscopy, kidneys from ACTH‐treated mice showed typical ACTH‐induced glomerular lesions. Immunofluorescence of kidneys from ACTH‐treated mice revealed intense staining for IgG and IgM in the extraglomerular mesangium (EGM), in Bowman's space, and in the ascending thick limb of Henle near the macula densa. Staining for immunoglobulins was unchanged after treatment with acid buffer. Immunoreactivity for complement (C3) was confined largely to the EGM and Bowman's space. Staining for albumin was almost exclusively in Bowman's space or the peripheral glomerular tuft in discrete aggregates. The above patterns of IgG, IgM, C3 and albumin were seen in control mice, although much less frequently. The results show that in mice, treatment with ACTH results in the increased accumulation of plasma proteins in the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA). This effect may reflect a role for the JGA in the normal clearing of plasma proteins from the glomerulus and/or directly from the blood.
Prognosis in breast cancer patients with tumour cells in the efferent vessels of their axillary nodes
Authors: Hartveit F. , Skjærven R. , Mæhle B. O. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe presence of tumour cells in the efferent vessels of the axillary nodes of breast cancer patients is termed efferent vascular invasion (EVI). The EVI status had been recorded in 112 cases which have now been followed for a mean of 120 ± 8 months. At the start of the 10th year 17 per cent. of the EVI positives cases were alive, compared to 54 per cent. of the EVI negative. The EVI status has thus strong prognostic implications. It can be recorded in association with primary treatment on routine histological examination. No special equipment is required.
An autoradiographic study of the cell proliferation during involution of the rat pancreas
Authors: Walker N. I. , Pound A. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAfter ligation of the rat pancreas, DNA synthesis in centoacinar cells and cells of the intercalary ducts, proximal and distal to the ligature, was suppressed for about 18 hr. This preceded a large increase in thymidine labelling of the nuclei of these cells. The increase in the thymidine indices was much greater and more prolonged in the distal pancreas where duct‐like structures were formed that replaced the acini. DNA synthesis in acinar cells proximal to the ligature was suppressed for 36 hr preceding an increase in the thymidine indices much smaller than that in the duct cells. DNA synthesis in acinar cells distal to the ligature ceased and the acinar cells progressively died.We propose that the pancreas is composed of proliferative units, each comprising acinar cells, centroacinar cells and intercalary ducts, which react as a whole when acinar cell loss occurs in pathological processes.
The effect of diphosphonates on heterotopic ossification in regenerating achilles tendon of the mouse
Authors: McClure J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMidpoint tenotomy of the mouse Achilles tendon is followed by regeneration with heterotopic ossification at the junction of tendon stump and the regenerated segment. This heterotopic bone formation occurs through a process of endochondral ossification and the cartilage cells appear to arise by a process of fibroblast transformation. Five weeks after tenotomy 60 per cent. of specimens show cartilage and bone formation whilst the remaining 40 per cent. show chondrification only. After 10 weeks all specimens showed bone formation with trabecular bone and haemopoietic marrow. The treatment of tenotomised animals with either disodium ethane‐1,1‐diphosphonate (EHDP) or disodium dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2 MDP) has no effect on the process of heterotopic ossification which can be detected at the radiological or light microscopical level.
The behaviour of human ameloblastoma tissue in cell culture
Authors: Prime S. S. , Sim F. R. P. , Toh B. H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHuman ameloblastoma tissue was investigated using cell culture techniques, transmission electron microscopy and fluorescent microscopy. Cultured cellular morphology was dependent on the type of substratum, with polygonal cells predominant on collagen substrata in contrast to an elongated cellular morphology on glass substrata. The presence of tonofilaments and desmosomes confirmed the epithelial origin of these cells. The distribution of Con A surface receptors and cytoplasmic actin in the same cell was studied using a double fluorochrome technique. Incubation with fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labelled Con A at 37°C for increasing time periods resulted in the Con A receptors showing progressive changes in staining patterns from clusters, to caps to perinuclear globules. Sequential changes in cytoplasmic actin, labelled by a specific anti‐actin auto‐antibody traced with rhodamine‐labelled goat anti‐human globulin, corresponded to the Con A staining patterns.
Histopathological diagnosis of hydatidiform mole
Authors: Ockleford C. D. , Reti L. L. , Calvert J. P. , Badley R. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwo microscopical methods are described which are useful for the identification of hydatidiform molar trophoblast. The first is an application of Nomarski's differential interference contrast microscopy which allows whole‐mounted villi to be studied by optical sectioning. The second is an application of indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using a specific antiserum directed against the endothelial cell structural protein known as vimentin.
Ultrastructure of pulmonary alveoli and macrophages in experimental Legionnaires' disease
Authors: Baskerville A. , Dowsett A. B. , Fitzgeorge R. B. , Hambleton P. , Broster M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractGuinea pigs, rhesus monkeys and marmosets infected with Legionella pneumophila in small particle aerosols developed an acute fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia. Changes from 24 hr included exudation into alveoli of protein‐rich, often fibrinous fluid and many polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) and macrophages. Damage to alveolar capillary endothelium consisted of widespread cytoplasmic swelling and vesiculation, but necrosis of endothelium and the associated alveolar epithelium was focal and less common. Phagocytosis of L. pneumophila organisms was predominantly by macrophages, but the bacteria were also seen in PMN. Free organisms were present in alveoli and capillary lumina at all stages of the infection but were not observed in lung parenchymal cells. Some infected macrophages and PMN became necrotic and lysed to release intact bacteria. In all species of experimental animal, intracytoplasmic aggregations of granular material, believed to be glycogen, were seen frequently in macrophages and PMN which had phagocytosed L. pneumophila. These deposits of glycogen may reflect either an increased energy demand by the host cell or an interference with its carbohydrate metabolism.
An electron microscopic study of the effects of vinblastine sulphate on the ultrastructure of the kidney, trachea, liver, peripheral nerve and small intestine of the rat
Authors: Rollason T. P. , Brewer D. B. , Bliss D. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effects of vinblastine in high doses on the kidney, liver, trachea, peripheral nerve and small intestine of rats have been studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Dramatic structural changes were seen in glomerular visceral epithelial cells, hepatocytes and small intestinal epithelial cells which appear to be due to the effect of vinblastine on microtubules and possibly also on other proteins and cell membranes. Ciliary microtubules appeared resistant to vinblastine effects.
Ultrastructural features of carcinomas induced in nude mice by the inoculation of human oesophageal carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Robinson K. M. , Bux S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThirty tumours induced in athymic mice by the inoculation of cells of human oesophageal carcinoma lines were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy, as were 24 cell strains derived from the mouse tumours. All tumours were carcinomas and displayed varying numbers of desmosomes and tonofilaments. Cytoplasmic organelles resembled those in human oesophageal carcinomas in vivo and marker structures such as intranuclear particles persisted in cells grown in nude mice and in vitro. As the nude mouse carcinomas displayed similarities both to one another and to human carcinomas in situ, the nude mouse xenograft system may become a useful model for further studies on tumour biology.
Tissue culture of guinea‐pig gall‐bladder epithelium
Authors: Elhamady M. S. , Hopwood D. , Milne G. , Ross P. , Bouchier I. A. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTissue culture of gall‐bladder was attempted in the following media: Dulbecco, Eagle's minimum essential medium, NCTC 135, medium 199 and Ham's F12. Growth occurred in all of them for up to 2 weeks assessed by light microscopy. No enhancement of growth was induced by collagenase trypsin insulin or hydrocortisone. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that new cells colonised the free surface of the explant. Transmission electron microscopy showed good preservation of the original tall epithelial cells for the period of study. The new migrating cells were flatter, but retained the morphological features of the columnar cells. Secretory granules were absent after 1 day in culture but increased amounts of glycogen and lipid began to appear in the epithelium.
Membrane‐bound structures at the interface between tumour and dermis in basal cell carcinoma. An ultrastructural study
Authors: Morley Susan M. , Rennison A. , Macadam R. F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDuring an ultrastructural study of the interface area between tumour and dermis in 23 basal cell carcinoma (BCC), membrane‐bound structures were noted in the dermis adjacent to the basal lamina in 12 tumours (52 per cent), but none of the controls.Serial sectioning demonstrated cytoplasmic connections between these structures and tumour cells. Their formation and interaction with adjacent stromal cells is discussed.
The brain in experimental portal‐systemic encephalopathy. I. Morphological changes in three animal models
Authors: Pilbeam C. M. , Anderson R. McD. , Bhathal P. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMorphological features of three models of portalsystemic encephalopathy in the rat were studied and compared with plasma ammonia levels and clinical observations.Carbon tetrachloride‐induced cirrhosis with terminal coma produced a wide variety of structural changes in the brain whose severity was related to plasma ammonia levels at the time of death. These changes included diffuse gliosis, Alzheimer cells and focal neuronal necrosis but did not include spongiform changes in cerebral or cerebellar cortex.Porta‐caval anastomosis (PCA) did not appear to produce any significant neurological symptoms. Rats with PCA of durations 1–30 weeks were studied and over this time the structural changes included astrocytic nuclear swelling, swelling of perivascular astrocytic foot‐processes and spongiform change in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. No evidence of Alzheimer cells or gliosis was seen and plasma ammonia levels at no stage exceed twice the normal levels.Porta‐caval anastomosis followed by gavage feeding with ammoniated cationic exchange resin produced severe neurological symptoms and marked hyperammonaemia. In these animals not only astrocytes but oligodendrocytes and neurons showed nuclear and cytoplasmic swelling and numerous Alzheimer type II cells were seen, together with a diffuse gliosis, but no evidence of spongiform change in the cerebral or cerebellar cortex was seen.It is concluded that ammonium ions are important in the genesis of morphological changes in the brain in rat models of portal‐systemic encephalopathy, but the relevance of these changes to neurological dysfunction is uncertain.
Possible Stewart's nasal granuloma with dissemination to meninges, peripheral nerves and muscle and renal glomerular IgA deposition
Authors: Mirakhur Meenakshi , Allen Ingrid V. , Hill Claire M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA case of Stewart type, non‐healing nasal granuloma complicated by dissemination to meninges, peripheral nerve and muscle is described. The deposition of IgA in renal glomeruli in this condition is documented and the significance of this finding is discussed.
The long‐term evolution of mycobacterial BCG and preformed immune complex BCG/anti‐BCG granulomas in rats
Authors: Ridley Marian J. , Heather C. J. , Ridley D. S. , Willoughby D. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn previous studies it was found that infections with BCG or complexed BCG/anti‐BCG in rat skin produced granulomas that appeared to resolve at 8 months. In this follow‐up study 1 year later, it appeared that while lesions due to preformed complexes had resolved, those due to BCG alone had undergone a massive reactivation. Nevertheless despite the loss of CMI the infection was restricted. The bacilli, present in enormously increased numbers, were dead; the host macrophages were large and activated. Epithelioid cells and dendritic cells were common. The granuloma was confluent, with patchy necrosis and inconspicuous polymorph infiltration.Although preformed complexes with viable bacilli formed at equivalence had produced a resolving lesion, the outcome of the natural infection was complicated by an imponderable balance of immunological responses. CMI does not appear to have been a determinant during the crucial phases of the infection.
Experimental epithelioid cell granulomas tubercle formation and immunological competence: An ultrastructural analysis
Authors: Ridley Marian J. , Heather C. J. , Brown I. , Willoughby D. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn ultrastructural study of the cells comprising tubercles in experimental mycobacterial granulomas in rats is presented. Tubercle formation was compared in: (1) primary infections due to BCG at 49 days, (2) reinfection with BCG at 7 days, 8 months after primary infection and (3) lesions due to preformed BCG/anti‐BCG complexes in antibody excess in unprimed animals at 10 days. The most rapid elimination of antigen with resolution of the lesion in the reinfection lesions, was effected by the early recruitment of cells morphologically characteristic of activated macrophages and immature epithelioid cells. The next best performance was in the immune complex lesion which at its height was maintained by a roughly constant size due to promonocytes, monocytes, macrophages, activated macrophages and immature epithelioid cells accumulated at the site. True epithelioid cells were rare. The slowest rate of healing in the primary 49 day granulomas, was associated with the whole spectrum of mononuclear phagocyte series of cells. All granulomas were surrounded by a cuff of mixed lymphocytes, interdigitating cells and fibroblasts.The rapid resolution of the reinfection lesions appeared as a loosely compacted infiltration of cells which allowed intimate contact of lymphocytes and macrophages. This was distinct from the tightly compared and compartmentalised zones of lymphocytes and macrophages which inhibited contact in the most slowly resolving lesions. An intermediate arrangement was seen in the immune complex granuloma. Another factor which predisposed to rapid resolution was the high vascularity of the central region of the granulomas. In the slow resolving group vascularity was diminished and peripherally situated.