bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geodynamic models of Indian continental flat slab subduction with implications for the topography of the Himalaya-Tibet region
Authors: Xue K. , Schellart W. P. , Strak V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe slab structure and high elevation of the Himalaya-Tibet region and their underlying mechanisms have been widely discussed. Many studies interpret a flat slab segment of Indian continental lithosphere located below the overriding plate, but interpretations of the northward extent of the flat slab differ substantially, with minimum estimates placing the boundary at the northern margin of the Himalaya (Indus-Yarlung Tsangpo suture), and maximum estimates placing it at the northern boundary of Tibet. In this study, we investigate for the first time if a flat slab segment of subducted buoyant Indian continental lithosphere below the Himalaya-Tibet region is geodynamically feasible and we quantify its northward extent, as well as its contribution to the high topography of the region. We conduct three large-scale fully-dynamic (buoyancy-driven) analogue experiments to simulate the subduction of the Indian continent. Our preferred, and geodynamically most feasible, model shows a continental flat slab extending northward up to ~ 320 km from the Himalayan thrust front, in agreement with recent estimates. Furthermore, it suggests that the positively buoyant flat slab segment of the Indian continent contributes some ~ 1.5–2 km to the high topography of the Himalaya-Southern Tibet region by providing an upward force to elevate the overriding Eurasian plate.
Commercial suitability and characterization of newly developed Erucastrum canariense (Can) sterile cytoplasm based cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines in Indian cauliflower
Authors: Manjunath K. S. , Singh Shrawan , Kalia Pritam , Mangal Manisha , Sharma Brij Bihari , Singh Naveen , Ray Mrinmoy , Rao Mahesh , Tomar Bhoopal Singh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe study presents the first to characterize novel Erucastrum canarianse Webb and Berthel (or Can) sterile cytoplasm-based CMS lines in Indian cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) and investigating their commercial suitability. Eleven Can-based CMS lines were examined for 12 agro-morphological and yield traits,18 floral traits, four seed yield traits together with three each of the Ogura (source: wild Japanese Radish) and Tour (Source: Brassica tournefortii) cytoplasms. All of the recorded floral and seed traits showed significant (P > 0.05) differences between the CMS lines of each group. Agro-morphological and yield traits in CMS lines and their maintainers, however, were non-significantly different. All the Can- and Ogura-based CMS lines showed flowering and appropriate seed formation by natural cross-pollination. Only two Tour cytoplasm-based CMS lines, Tour (DC-41-5) and Tour (DC-67), produced the smallest malformed flowers and stigma. The highest seed yield per plant in CMS lines was in Ogu (DC-98-4) and the lowest in Tour (DC-67). P14 and P15, two polymorphic mtDNA markers, were discovered for the Can CMS system for early detection. Five primers (ITS5a-ITS4, atpF-atpH, P16, rbeL and trnL), along with their maintainers, were sequenced and aligned to detect nucleotide changes including as additions and or deletions at different positions. The newly introduced E. canariense sterile cytoplasm-based CMS system in cauliflower is the subject of the first comprehensive report, which emphasises their potential as a further stable and reliable genetic mechanism for hybrid breeding.
Impact of nasal septal perforation on the airflow and air-conditioning characteristics of the nasal cavity
Authors: Na Yang , Kwon Kyung Won , Jang Yong Ju 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe investigated (1) how nasal septal perforations (NSPs) modify nasal airflow and air-conditioning characteristics and (2) how the modifications of nasal airflow are influenced by the size and location of the NSP. Computed tomography scans of 14 subjects with NSPs were used to generate nasal cavity models. Virtual repair of NSPs was conducted to examine the sole effect of NSPs on airflow. The computational fluid dynamics technique was used to assess geometric and airflow parameters around the NSPs and in the nasopharynx. The net crossover airflow rate, the increased wall shear stress (WSS) and the surface water–vapor flux on the posterior surface of the NSPs were not correlated with the size of the perforation. After the virtual closure of the NSPs, the levels in relative humidity (RH), air temperature (AT) and nasal resistance did not improve significantly both in the choanae and nasopharynx. A geometric parameter associated with turbinate volume, the surface area-to-volume ratio (SAVR), was shown to be an important factor in the determination of the RH and AT, even in the presence of NSPs. The levels of RH and AT in the choanae and nasopharynx were more influenced by SAVR than the size and location of the NSPs.
High-throughput microplastic assessment using polarization holographic imaging
Authors: Li Yuxing , Zhu Yanmin , Huang Jianqing , Ho Yuen-Wa , Fang James Kar-Hei , Lam Edmund Y. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMicroplastic (MP) pollution has emerged as a global environmental concern due to its ubiquity and harmful impacts on ecosystems and human health. MP assessment has therefore become increasingly necessary and common in environmental and experimental samples. Microscopy and spectroscopy are widely employed for the physical and chemical characterization of MPs. However, these analytical methods often require time-consuming pretreatments of samples or expensive instrumentation. In this work, we develop a portable and cost-effective polarization holographic imaging system that prominently incorporates deep learning techniques, enabling efficient, high-throughput detection and dynamic analysis of MPs in aqueous environments. The integration enhances the identification and classification of MPs, eliminating the need for extensive sample preparation. The system simultaneously captures holographic interference patterns and polarization states, allowing for multimodal information acquisition to facilitate rapid MP detection. The characteristics of light waves are registered, and birefringence features are leveraged to classify the material composition and structures of MPs. Furthermore, the system automates real-time counting and morphological measurements of various materials, including MP sheets and additional natural substances. This innovative approach significantly improves the dynamic monitoring of MPs and provides valuable information for their effective filtration and management.
PdNPs/NiNWs as a welding tool for the synthesis of polyfluorene derivatives by Suzuki polycondensation under microwave radiation
Authors: Wasiak Tomasz , Just Dominik , Dzienia Andrzej , Łukowiec Dariusz , Wacławek Stanisław , Mielańczyk Anna , Kodan Sonika , Bansal Ananya , Chandra Ramesh , Janas Dawid 
Published: January 2024

AbstractConjugated polymers are promising tools to differentiate various types of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs). However, their synthesis is challenging. Insufficient control over molecular weights, and unpredictive/unrepeatable batches hinder possible applications and scale-up. Furthermore, commercial homogeneous catalysts often require inert conditions and are almost impossible to recycle. To overcome these problems, we present a nanocatalyst consisting of magnetic nickel nanowires decorated with highly active palladium nanoparticles. A two-step wet chemical reduction protocol with the assistance of sonochemistry was employed to obtain a heterogeneous catalyst capable of conducting step-growth Suzuki polycondensation of a fluorene-based monomer. Additionally, we enhanced the performance of our catalytic system via controlled microwave irradiation, which significantly shortened the reaction time from 3 d to only 1 h. We studied the influence of the main process parameters on the yield and polymer chain length to gain insight into phenomena occurring in the presence of metallic species under microwave irradiation. Finally, the produced polymers were used to extract specific s-SWCNTs by conjugated polymer extraction to validate their utility.
Associations of cereal fiber intake with rheumatoid arthritis mediated by dietary inflammatory index: insights from NHANES 2011–2020
Authors: Wan Huijuan , Zhang Ya , Ning Zhongxing , Liu Mingjiang , Yang Shudong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an increasingly prevalent inflammatory disorder worldwide. Its complex etiology has recently brought dietary factors, particularly fiber intake, into focus as potential influencers. Our study investigates the intricate relationship between various sources of dietary fiber and RA, emphasizing the mediating role of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). Leveraging data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2011 to 2020. We meticulously assessed dietary fiber intake through dual 24 h dietary recall interviews, while RA diagnoses were established based on comprehensive medical surveys. The relationships between fiber intake, RA prevalence, and DII mediation were analyzed using sophisticated multivariate logistic regression and mediation analysis. Among our study cohort, 7% were diagnosed with RA. We observed a notable inverse correlation between increased total fiber intake, particularly 5 g/day increments, and the incidence of RA, with cereal fiber intake emerging as the primary mitigating factor. Intriguingly, the DII played a significant role in mediating this association, especially regarding cereal fiber. Our findings reveal a significant association between higher cereal fiber consumption and a reduced prevalence of RA. Additionally, the DII stands out as a pivotal mediator in this relationship, highlighting dietary management's critical role in preventing and managing RA.
Transmembrane stem factor nanodiscs enhanced revascularization in a hind limb ischemia model in diabetic, hyperlipidemic rabbits
Authors: Takematsu Eri , Massidda Miles , Howe Gretchen , Goldman Julia , Felli Patricia , Mei Lei , Callahan Gregory , Sligar Andrew D. , Smalling Richard , Baker Aaron B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTherapies to revascularize ischemic tissue have long been a goal for the treatment of vascular disease and other disorders. Therapies using stem cell factor (SCF), also known as a c-Kit ligand, had great promise for treating ischemia for myocardial infarct and stroke, however clinical development for SCF was stopped due to toxic side effects including mast cell activation in patients. We recently developed a novel therapy using a transmembrane form of SCF (tmSCF) delivered in lipid nanodiscs. In previous studies, we demonstrated tmSCF nanodiscs were able to induce revascularization of ischemia limbs in mice and did not activate mast cells. To advance this therapeutic towards clinical application, we tested this therapy in an advanced model of hindlimb ischemia in rabbits with hyperlipidemia and diabetes. This model has therapeutic resistance to angiogenic therapies and maintains long term deficits in recovery from ischemic injury. We treated rabbits with local treatment with tmSCF nanodiscs or control solution delivered locally from an alginate gel delivered into the ischemic limb of the rabbits. After eight weeks, we found significantly higher vascularity in the tmSCF nanodisc-treated group in comparison to alginate treated control as quantified through angiography. Histological analysis also showed a significantly higher number of small and large blood vessels in the ischemic muscles of the tmSCF nanodisc treated group. Importantly, we did not observe inflammation or mast cell activation in the rabbits. Overall, this study supports the therapeutic potential of tmSCF nanodiscs for treating peripheral ischemia.
A hierarchical combination algorithm for real-time cycle slip detection and repair in low satellite elevation and high ionospheric activity conditions
Authors: Ban Haofei , Li Kezhao , Wang Kai , Jiao Yingxiang , Liang Lingfeng , Tian Chendong , Yue Zhe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo enhance the accuracy and robustness of cycle slip detection and repair for triple-frequency data while minimizing the adverse effects of low satellite elevation and high ionospheric activity, a hierarchical combination algorithm for real-time cycle slip detection and repair is proposed. This algorithm begins by prioritizing the reduction of noise and ionospheric delay coefficients. It determines the optimal coefficients for the combination of observations from the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System’s (BDS) Extra-Wide Lane (EWL), Wide Lane (WL), and Narrow Lane (NL). Leveraging the longer wavelength characteristics of the EWL combination, it simultaneously conducts cycle slip detection on the EWL combination alongside the pseudorange combination. Following this, based on the detection outcomes from the EWL combination, cycle slip detection is carried out on the WL combination. Finally, using the detection findings from the WL combination, cycle slip detection is executed on the NL combination. Given the NL combination’s shorter wavelength and higher susceptibility to ionospheric delay, a dynamic ionospheric prediction model is applied to the NL combination to further mitigate the impact of ionospheric disturbances. After completing the cycle slip detection process, the results from the EWL, WL, and NL combinations are integrated and solved. Experimental results clearly demonstrate that, even in scenarios characterized by low satellite elevation and active ionospheric conditions, this algorithm consistently delivers outstanding detection performance for cycle slip instances, particularly for small cycle slip (less then two cycles). Remarkably, this performance is achieved without the need for intricate searches during cycle slip repair.
Integrated blood and organ profile analysis to evaluate ameliorative effects of kaempferol on 5-fluorouracil-induced toxicity
Authors: Sharma Abhilasha , Chorawala Mehul R. , Rawal Rakesh M. , Shrivastava Neeta 
Published: January 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) treatment strategies encompass a triad of medical interventions: surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Among these, the use of chemotherapy, specifically 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), has become a cornerstone in CRC management. However, it is imperative to explore novel approaches that harness the synergistic potential of chemotherapy agents alongside adjunctive compounds to mitigate the severe adverse effects that often accompany treatment. In light of this pressing need, this study focuses on evaluating Kaempferol (KMP) in combination with 5-FU in a DMH-induced CRC animal model, scrutinizing its impact on haematological indices, organ health, and gastrointestinal, hepatotoxic, and nephrotoxic effects. Remarkably, KMP demonstrated haemato-protective attributes and exerted an immunomodulatory influence, effectively counteracting 5-FU-induced damage. Furthermore, organ assessments affirm the safety profile of the combined treatments while suggesting KMP's potential role in preserving the structural integrity of the intestine, and spleen. Histopathological assessments unveiled KMP's capacity to ameliorate liver injury and mitigate CRC-induced renal impairment. These multifaceted findings underscore KMP's candidacy as a promising adjunctive therapeutic option for CRC, underlining the pivotal need for personalized therapeutic strategies that concurrently optimize treatment efficacy and safeguard organ health. KMP holds tremendous promise in elevating the paradigm of CRC management.
An artificial intelligence approach to predicting personality types in dogs
Authors: Amirhosseini Mohammad Hossein , Yadav Vinaykumar , Serpell James A. , Pettigrew Piya , Kain Paris 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCanine personality and behavioural characteristics have a significant influence on relationships between domestic dogs and humans as well as determining the suitability of dogs for specific working roles. As a result, many researchers have attempted to develop reliable personality assessment tools for dogs. Most previous work has analysed dogs’ behavioural patterns collected via questionnaires using traditional statistical analytic approaches. Artificial Intelligence has been widely and successfully used for predicting human personality types. However, similar approaches have not been applied to data on canine personality. In this research, machine learning techniques were applied to the classification of canine personality types using behavioural data derived from the C-BARQ project. As the dataset was not labelled, in the first step, an unsupervised learning approach was adopted and K-Means algorithm was used to perform clustering and labelling of the data. Five distinct categories of dogs emerged from the K-Means clustering analysis of behavioural data, corresponding to five different personality types. Feature importance analysis was then conducted to identify the relative importance of each behavioural variable’s contribution to each cluster and descriptive labels were generated for each of the personality traits based on these associations. The five personality types identified in this paper were labelled: “Excitable/Hyperattached”, “Anxious/Fearful”, “Aloof/Predatory”, “Reactive/Assertive”, and “Calm/Agreeable”. Four machine learning models including Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Naïve Bayes, and Decision Tree were implemented to predict the personality traits of dogs based on the labelled data. The performance of the models was evaluated using fivefold cross validation method and the results demonstrated that the Decision Tree model provided the best performance with a substantial accuracy of 99%. The novel AI-based methodology in this research may be useful in the future to enhance the selection and training of dogs for specific working and non-working roles.
Fragment molecular orbital-based variational quantum eigensolver for quantum chemistry in the age of quantum computing
Authors: Lim Hocheol , Kang Doo Hyung , Kim Jeonghoon , Pellow-Jarman Aidan , McFarthing Shane , Pellow-Jarman Rowan , Jeon Hyeon-Nae , Oh Byungdu , Rhee June-Koo Kevin , No Kyoung Tai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractQuantum computers offer significant potential for complex system analysis, yet their application in large systems is hindered by limitations such as qubit availability and quantum hardware noise. While the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) was proposed to address these issues, its scalability remains limited. Many efforts, including new ansätze and Hamiltonian modifications, have been made to overcome these challenges. In this work, we introduced the novel Fragment Molecular Orbital/Variational Quantum Eigensolver (FMO/VQE) algorithm. This method combines the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) approach with VQE and efficiently utilizes qubits for quantum chemistry simulations. Employing the UCCSD ansatz, the FMO/VQE achieved an absolute error of just 0.053 mHa with 8 qubits in a $${{\text{H}}}_{24}$$

H
24

system using the STO-3G basis set, and an error of 1.376 mHa with 16 qubits in a $${{\text{H}}}_{20}$$

H
20

system with the 6-31G basis set. These results indicated a significant advancement in scalability over conventional VQE, maintaining accuracy with fewer qubits. Therefore, our FMO/VQE method exemplifies how integrating fragment-based quantum chemistry with quantum algorithms can enhance scalability, facilitating more complex molecular simulations and aligning with quantum computing advancements.
Clinically accessible amplitude-based multiplex ddPCR assay for tryptase genotyping
Authors: Svetina Manca , Šelb Julij , Lyons Jonathan J. , Korošec Peter , Rijavec Matija 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHereditary α tryptasemia (HαT) is an autosomal dominant trait characterized by increased TPSAB1 copy number (CN) encoding α-tryptase. The determination of HαT is being discussed as an important biomarker to be included in risk assessment models and future diagnostic algorithms for patients with mastocytosis and anaphylaxis. Due to the complex genetic structure at the human tryptase locus, genetic testing for tryptase gene composition is presently notably limited and infrequently pursued. This study aimed to develop, optimise and validate a multiplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay that can reliably quantify α- and β-tryptase encoding sequences in a single reaction. To optimise the ddPCR conditions and establish an amplitude-based multiplex ddPCR assay, additional primers and probes, a thermal gradient with varying annealing temperatures, different primers/probe concentrations, and various initial DNA quantities were tested. Results obtained from all 114 samples analysed using multiplex ddPCR were identical to those obtained through the use of original duplex assays. Utilizing this multiplex ddPCR assay, in contrast to conducting distinct duplex ddPCRs, presents noteworthy benefits for tryptase genotyping. These advantages encompass a substantial threefold decrease in material costs and considerable time savings. Consequently, this approach exhibits high suitability and particularly captures interest for routine clinical implementation.
Mock-up performance evaluation study for crack reduction of blast furnace slag powder concrete mixed with expansive and swelling admixtures
Authors: Yoon Sanghyuck , Choi Wonyoung , Jeon Chansoo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, the drying shrinkage and crack reduction characteristics of blast furnace slag concrete mixed with expansive and swelling admixtures were investigated. Basic performance experiments were conducted using different mixtures of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), with calcium sulfoaluminate as the expansive admixture and bentonite and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as swelling admixtures. Bentonite outperformed HPMC as a swelling admixture. Specimens were then prepared for mock-up tests to evaluate the drying shrinkage of blast furnace slag concrete with different combinations of bentonite, a hardening accelerator, and a self-healing agent. The addition of bentonite and calcium phosphate as a self-healing agent in small quantities reduced the drying shrinkage of the specimens, thereby reducing cracks. The cement mixture composed of 30% GGBS, 1% bentonite, and 1% calcium phosphate (30-E1-I1) showed the optimal performance among the specimens. Further, crack monitoring was performed in concrete made with ordinary Portland cement and optimal mixture 30-E1-I1. No cracks were observed for the optimal mixture. This shows that GGBS concrete can be used in practical and field applications, subject to mid- and long-term tests for cracking.