bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IFN‐γ promotes radioresistant Nestin‐expressing progenitor regeneration in the developing cerebellum by augmenting Shh ligand production
Authors: Hu Jian , Wang Zixuan , Gong Biao , Feng Liyuan , Song Yan , Zhang Shuo , Wang Lin , Qu Yanghui , Li Gen , Zhang Li , Zheng Chaonan , Du Fang , Li Peng , Wang Yuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with brain tumors, especially pediatric brain tumors such as cerebellar medulloblastoma, always suffer from the severe side effects of radiotherapy. Regeneration of neural cells in irradiation‐induced cerebellar injury has been reported, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive.MethodsWe established an irradiation‐induced developing cerebellum injury model in neonatal mice. Microarray, KEGG analysis and semi in vivo slice culture were performed for mechanistic study.ResultsNestin‐expressing progenitors (NEPs) but not granule neuron precursors (GNPs) were resistant to irradiation and able to regenerate after irradiation. NEPs underwent less apoptosis but similar DNA damage following irradiation compared with GNPs. Subsequently, they started to proliferate and contributed to granule neurons regeneration dependent on the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway. In addition, irradiation increased Shh ligand provided by Purkinje cells. And microglia accumulated in the irradiated cerebellum producing more IFN‐γ, which augmented Shh ligand production to promote NEP proliferation.ConclusionsNEP was radioresistant and regenerative. IFN‐γ was increased post irradiation to upregulate Shh ligand, contributing to NEP regeneration. Our study provides insight into the mechanisms of neural cell regeneration in irradiation injury of the developing cerebellum and will help to develop new therapeutic targets for minimizing the side effects of radiotherapy for brain tumors.
Poor utilization of deceased donor pancreata in the United States: Time for action
Authors: Singh Neeraj , Stratta Robert J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe number of solid organ pancreas transplants performed in the United States has declined over the past two decades despite improving outcomes and the known benefits associated with this procedure. Although the reasons are multifactorial, high rates of deceased donor pancreata nonrecovery and nonuse have at least in part contributed to the reduction in pancreas transplant activity. The pancreas has higher nonrecovery and nonuse rates compared to the kidney and liver because of more stringent donor selection criteria, particularly with respect to donor age and body mass index, although even marginally inferior donor pancreata likely still benefit some patients compared to alternative therapies. In this editorial, we present several donor‐, candidate‐, and center‐specific factors that are either confirmed or suspected of being associated with inferior outcomes, which contribute to high pancreas nonrecovery and nonuse rates. In addition, we have discussed several measures to increase pancreas recovery and reduce pancreas nonutilization.
Immunitas and (un)desirable teacher knowledge in teacher education
Authors: Unsworth Ruth , Clarke Matthew , Hansen Dion Rüsselbæk 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSince the latter half of the 20th century many political efforts and initiatives have been launched to ensure that teacher education provides teachers with a positive (orderly) knowledge base. This includes things like professional teacher standards and notions like ‘best practices’ and ‘evidence‐based practice’. Building on the work of Esposito and with inspiration from psychoanalytic theory, we argue that today's educational policy can be seen as an attempt to immunise (teacher) education from risks associated with negativity ‐ disorderly, disruptive and ‘destructive’ matters that can problematise and question the normal order of things within political debates and policy‐based reforms. Drawing on examples from England and Denmark – contexts in which the authors work – we demonstrate how a dichotomy between desirable sound/healthy knowledge and undesirable unsound/unhealthy knowledge exist within teacher education. We examine how this produces epistemic injustice in that negative modes of thought and practice are rendered invisible, unthinkable and illegitimate. Being able to traverse such injustice, teachers must be encouraged to approach any and all sources of influence on their professional knowledge base with a sort of agonistic pragmatism, which may allow them to be faithful to the ethico‐political situation they are engaged in. What we suggest in this regard is that teacher education must provide time and space for (student) teachers to engage with plurality, contingency and absence because such negative ‘stumbling blocks’ (always) play a vital part in education, preventing control, stability and harmony.
Slowing of EEG waves correlates with striatal [18F]fluorodopa PET/CT uptake and executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lorek Karolina , Mączewska Joanna , Królicki Leszek , Siemiatycka Magdalena , Chalimoniuk Małgorzata , Kisiel‐Sajewicz Katarzyna , Marusiak Jarosław 
Published: October 2023

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) research on specific neuroimaging and neurophysiological biomarkers revealing executive dysfunction mechanisms is limited, necessitating validation. Thus, our study aimed to assess associations between electroencephalographic power spectral density (PSD‐EEG), striatal [18F]Fluorodopa uptake and neuropsychological executive function (EF) testing parameters in PD, while also estimating their diagnostic accuracy. We compared resting PSD‐EEG, striatal [18F]Fluorodopa uptake ratios based on positron emission computed tomography ([18F]FDOPA PET/CT) and neuropsychological EF tests outcomes [Trail Making Test (TMT) and Stroop Test (ST)] between PD patients and healthy controls (HCO) and then calculated correlations among these measures separately for each group. Additionally, we estimated PD diagnostic accuracy of the PSD‐EEG and [18F]FDOPA PET/CT parameters. In PD patients, we observed the following: (i) slower EEG waves, reflected in increased power of the EEG theta and lower‐alpha bands in frontal lobe areas; (ii) reduced [18F]FDOPA PET/CT uptake in the putaminal and caudate nuclei, along with a decreased putamen‐to‐caudate ratio ([18F]FDOPA PET/CT PCR); and (iii) longer performance times evident in nearly all EF tests' parameters. Slower EEG waves correlated negatively with [18F]FDOPA PET/CT PCR and positively with most of the EF test parameters. Furthermore, we found negative correlations between [18F]FDOPA PET/CT PCR and certain EF measures related to ST. [18F]FDOPA PET/CT ratios and several PSD‐EEG parameters, particularly those from the prefrontal cortex, demonstrated clinically reasonable diagnostic accuracy for PD. In conclusion, EEG waves slowing in the frontal lobe were correlated with striatal dopaminergic deficiency and impaired executive function in mild PD patients and showed promise as a biomarker of PD‐related executive dysfunction.
Closing the gap in the Janzen–Connell hypothesis: What determines pathogen diversity?
Authors: Bruijning Marjolein , Metcalf C. Jessica E. , Visser Marco D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe high tree diversity in tropical forests has long been a puzzle to ecologists. In the 1970s, Janzen and Connell proposed that tree species (hosts) coexist due to the stabilizing actions of specialized enemies. This Janzen–Connell hypothesis was subsequently supported by theoretical studies. Yet, such studies have taken the presence of specialized pathogens for granted, overlooking that pathogen coexistence also requires an explanation. Moreover, stable ecological coexistence does not necessarily imply evolutionary stability. What are the conditions that allow Janzen–Connell effects to evolve? We link theory from community ecology, evolutionary biology and epidemiology to tackle this question, structuring our approach around five theoretical frameworks. Phenomenological Lotka–Volterra competition models provide the most basic framework, which can be restructured to include (single‐ or multi‐)pathogen dynamics. This ecological foundation can be extended to include pathogen evolution. Hosts, of course, may also evolve, and we introduce a coevolutionary model, showing that host–pathogen coevolution can lead to highly diverse systems. Our work unpacks the assumptions underpinning Janzen–Connell and places theoretical bounds on pathogen and host ecology and evolution. The five theoretical frameworks taken together provide a stronger theoretical basis for Janzen–Connell, delivering a wider lens that can yield important insights into the maintenance of diversity in these increasingly threatened systems.
Immunomodulatory effects of intravenous and subcutaneous immunoglobulin in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: An observational study
Authors: Svačina Martin K. R. , Meißner Anika , Schweitzer Finja , Ladwig Anne , Pitarokoili Kalliopi , Kofler David M. , Sprenger‐Svačina Alina , Schneider Christian , Kohle Felix , Klein Ines , Wüstenberg Hauke , Lehmann Helmar C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeIt is not known whether the route of administration affects the mechanisms of action of therapeutic immunoglobulin in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). The aim of this study, therefore, was to compare the immunomodulatory effects of intravenous (IVIg) and subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) in patients with CIDP and in IVIg‐treated common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients.MethodsSerum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples were obtained from 30 CIDP patients receiving IVIg, 10 CIDP patients receiving SCIg, and 15 patients with CVID receiving IVIg. Samples and clinical data were obtained prior to IVIg/SCIg and at 3 days, 7 days, and, in CIDP patients receiving IVIg, 21 days post‐administration. Serum cytokines were assessed by Luminex‐based multiplex assay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Immune cells were characterized by flow cytometry.ResultsImmune cell profiles of CIDP and CVID patients differed in frequencies of myeloid dendritic cells and cytotoxic natural killer cells. During treatment with IVIg or SCIg in CIDP patients, cellular immunomarkers were largely similar. CIDP patients receiving IVIg had higher macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1α (p = 0.01), interleukin (IL)‐4 (p = 0.04), and IL‐33 (p = 0.04) levels than SCIg recipients. IVIg treatment more broadly modulated cytokines in CIDP than SCIg treatment.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that the modulation of cellular immunomarkers in CIDP is independent of the application route of therapeutic immunoglobulin. Minor differences were observed between CIDP and CVID patients. In contrast, cytokines were differentially modulated by IVIg and SCIg in CIDP.
Clinical features and outcome of 40 horses with mesodiverticular bands identified during exploratory laparotomy for management of acute colic
Authors: Shanklin Alexander J. , Archer Debra C. , Baldwin Christopher M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMesodiverticular bands (MDBs) are an embryonic remnant of the vitelline artery. Information about the clinical significance of equine MDBs is currently limited.ObjectivesTo report the clinical features, surgical findings and outcomes of horses undergoing exploratory laparotomy where a MDB was identified.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsCase records of horses undergoing exploratory laparotomy for colic over a 14‐year period (2009–2022) were reviewed. MDBs identified at laparotomy were classified as the primary or contributory cause of abdominal pain, or as incidental.ResultsMDBs were identified in 40/1943 horses (2.1%) and 15 were primary (32.5%), 10 contributory (25%) and 15 incidental (32.5%). Horses with primary MDBs (median 2 years, IQR 1–12) were significantly younger than horses with incidental MDBs (median 8 years, IQR 6–16; P = 0.01). MDBs were more likely to be incidental if located in the mid‐jejunum (5/5) (P < 0.001) or where a mesenteric pocket was absent (11/15) (P = 0.01). Primary MDBs caused extra‐mural obstruction due to mesenteric shortening (n = 4), small intestinal entrapment within the MDB pocket (n = 5) or in an adjacent mesenteric rent (n = 4), and volvulus around the MDB (n = 2), with intestinal resection required in 8/15 cases. For horses with primary MDBs, survival to hospital discharge was 60% overall (9/15) and 75% for horses that stood following anaesthesia (9/12) with 88.9% of cases discharged from hospital (8/9) surviving >1 year. Excision of MDB tissue was not associated with complications but 3/4 non‐incidental MDBs left in situ required relaparotomy to treat MDB‐associated colic.Main limitationsRetrospective single centre data.ConclusionsMost MDBs in horses undergoing surgical treatment of colic in this population were not incidental. MDB‐associated colic was most commonly classified as strangulating obstruction, but non‐strangulating extra‐mural compression was also identified. Excision of MDB tissue should be undertaken where possible, particularly in non‐incidental cases.
Frailty and visual, auditory, olfactory, and taste senses in older patients visiting a frailty outpatient clinic
Authors: Sable‐Morita Sayuri , Sugiura Saiko , Suzuki Hirokazu , Fukuoka Hideki , Matsui Yasumoto , Arai Hidenori 
Published: October 2023

AimAlthough studies have analyzed the relationship between frailty and human senses, few have comprehensively evaluated and examined their correlations. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between frailty and the senses of sight, hearing, smell, and taste.MethodsThe subjects were outpatients at the Locomo Frail Outpatient Clinic. Sensory organ items were evaluated subjectively, and frailty was classified as nonfrail or frail using the Kihon Checklist. Univariate analysis was performed using the presence or absence of frailty as the dependent variable. Logistic regression analysis (forced entry method) was performed for the variables that showed significant differences.ResultsA total of 269 and 226 participants were assigned to the nonfrail and frail groups, respectively. The frequency of sensory organ impairment was 10.1% for taste, 12.7% for smell, 44.6% for vision, and 58.3% for hearing. Univariate analysis using the presence or absence of frailty as the dependent variable was determined to be significant for years of education, number of medications, Geriatric Depression Scale, Mini‐Mental State Examination, Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form, grip strength, gait speed, sense of taste, sense of smell, sense of vision, and sense of hearing. Logistic regression analysis using the presence or absence of frailty as the dependent variable, adjusted for age, showed significant correlations with the Geriatric Depression Scale, gait speed, Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form, and olfactory impairment.ConclusionsOlfactory impairment had the strongest correlation with frailty. Although the sense of smell decreases with disease and aging, olfactory impairment may be correlated with frailty as a symptom of neurodegenerative diseases. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 871–876.
Urban Thirst and Rural Water: The Saga of the Southern Nevada Groundwater Development Project
Authors: Jones Norman L. , Mayo Alan L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn 1989, the Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) launched the Southern Nevada Groundwater Development Project—a bold plan to construct a series of deep wells in east‐central Nevada to pump groundwater and send it to the Las Vegas region through 300 miles of pipeline. Before starting work on the project, SNWA conducted an environmental impact study and secured water rights in the valleys. Applications for additional new water rights were filed with Nevada State Engineer on the basis of uncaptured evapotranspiration. The SNWA spent decades and millions of dollars studying the hydrogeology of the region and developing computer models to demonstrate that the project would not have an unduly negative impact on the ecology or water users in the region. The project was opposed by environmental groups, native American tribes, and existing water rights holders. One of the protestants was the Cleveland Ranch in Spring Valley. Using the SNWA's own groundwater model, the ranch argued that the project would result in substantial harm to the ranch's water rights which included springs, wells, and a stream, and that the project would result in perpetual groundwater mining, which is forbidden by Nevada state policy. The Nevada State Engineer approved the project, but the decision was eventually reversed by Seventh District Court, which sided with the ranch and ruled that the project would never be sustainable and is therefore not compatible with Nevada policy. The project was formally abandoned in 2020.
Neuroinflammatory markers in patients with haemophilia and healthy controls: Where are the differences?
Authors: Wehmeier Udo F. , Orth Valerie , Höppe Vanessa , Valentino Leonard A. , Hilberg Thomas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionPeople with haemophilia (PwH) suffer from haemophilic arthropathy which is accompanied by acute and chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to examine the neuroinflammatory network operative in PwH and to compare it to healthy controls.Material and MethodsBlood samples were collected from 41 PwH (age 54.7 ± 11.7 years) and 33 healthy controls (age 50.9 ± 10.5 years) and the levels of 13 neuroinflammatory markers were analyzed by applying an antibody‐based detection kit in a flow cytometer.ResultsFrom 13 analyzed markers, three—ß‐nerve growth factor (ß‐NGF), soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (sRAGE) and Interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) differed significantly between the groups (ß‐NGF p = .045; sRAGE p = .003; IL‐18 p = .007). While ß‐NGF was downregulated in PwH, sRAGE and IL‐18 were upregulated. None of the analyzed markers corelated to the joint status of PwH while CCL2 (C‐C motif ligand 2 chemokine) correlated to HIV infections in PwH (r = .313, p = .007). Correlation analyses of the markers studied also revealed many differences between PwH and controls suggesting a number of deregulations in PwH.ConclusionThe altered levels of sRAGE and ß‐NGF in PwH, which have not been analyzed in PwH before, may help to understand the neuroinflammatory network operative in PwH. The general inflammatory processes in PwH and the involved biomarkers in PwH remain poorly understood. PwH could benefit from new therapies against neuroinflammation which may help to reduce inflammation or also chronic pain.
Rho GTPase‐activating protein 1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via modulation by CircPIP5K1A/MiR‐101‐3p
Authors: Xu Yanni , Liu Xiaodi , Cao Jincheng , Wu Ye , Jiang Qiongchao , Luo Baoming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThere has been an increased focus on regulating cell function with Rho family GTPases, including proliferation, migration/invasion, polarity, and adhesion. Due to the challenges involved in targeting Rho family GTPases directly, it may be more effective to target their regulators, such as Rho GTPase‐activating protein 1 (ARHGAP1). This present research was performed to define the clinical significance of ARHGAP1 expression, as well as its regulatory mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsARHGAP1 and miR‐101‐3p expression of liver cancer patients, and their relevance with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were analyzed by the Cancer Genome Atlas sequencing data, and verified using samples of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. The interactions between miR‐101‐3p and ARHGAP1 or circPIP5K1A were validated by bioinformatic analyses, as well as confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and dual‐luciferase reporter analysis. Plate clonality assays, cell adhesion and migration experiments, and proliferation experiments were used for assessing the participation of the circPIP5K1A/miR‐101‐3p/ARHGAP1 pathway in cell proliferation and motility.ResultsElevated ARHGAP1 and reduced miR‐101‐3p expression are related to poorer survival. MiR‐101‐3p targets ARHGAP1 to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma cell colony formation and invasion, whereas miR‐101‐3p inhibitor reverses liver cancer proliferation and metastasis suppression caused by ARHGAP1 knockdown. In addition, circPIP5K1A, which is mainly distributed in the cytosol, showed carcinogenic effects by sponging miR‐101‐3p, thus regulating ARHGAP1 expression.ConclusionsARHGAP1 serves as an oncogenic gene in liver cancer, and the expression thereof is regulated by circPIP5K1A through sponging miR‐101‐3p.
Physiological, transcriptional and metabolomic evidence for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Lactobacillus plantarum in peanut resistance to salinity stress
Authors: Si Tong , Lu Jinhao , Cao Yidan , Tang Zhaohui , Ci Dunwei , Yu Xiaona , Zhang Xiaojun , Wang Yuefu , Zou Xiaoxia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) play pivotal roles in plant salinity resistance; however, difficulties are still exist in ascertaining their synergistic effects in counteracting legume soil salinity. Here, two peanut cultivars (salt‐tolerant and salt‐sensitive) were subjected to salinity stress, and the alleviation effects of combined microbial agent (CMA, inoculation with AMF + application with LP) on peanut salinity tolerance have been comprehensively characterized. CMA significantly enhanced the biomass production, leaf relative water content, increased the net photosynthetic rate, the maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) and strengthened the antioxidant system, while dramatically decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, lipid peroxidation and relative electrolyte conductivity under salinity conditions. Moreover, transcriptional and metabolomic evidence advocated that a subset of stress‐responsive pathways involved in plant growth (e.g. sucrose and starch), photosystem, antioxidant response, signal transduction (e.g. phytohormone and MAPK), osmotic homeostasis (e.g. total soluble sugar and amino acids) and root metabolism (e.g. asparagine and phenylpropanoid) have been regulated by CMA. Taken together, the physiological, transcriptional and metabolomic results indicate that CMA could induce peanut salinity tolerance through increasing plant growth performance, maintaining photosynthetic apparatus integrity, enhancing antioxidant system and regulating root metabolism. This study provides a promising CMA product and would be important for deepening the knowledge of the mechanisms regarding bacterial–fungal interactions.