bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Blade‐Coated p–i–n Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Enabled by Effective Molecular N Doping
Authors: Wang Feifei , Shi Xiaoyu , Yu Han , Wang Lingyuan , Ren Zhijun , Chen Shangshang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractN doping is an essential strategy to prolong electron diffusion length and improve the photovoltaic performance of p–i–n structured perovskite solar devices, but current n‐dopants generally suffer from air instability, poor compatibility with perovskites, and the compensation from perovskite intrinsic defects, thus limiting their doping effectiveness. To address these issues, in this work, a new perovskite n‐doping strategy is developed by incorporating an air‐stable n‐dopant (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium‐2‐carboxylate, EMIC) that has no detrimental effects on perovskite crystallinity and morphology. EMIC is soluble in most polar solvents and can be readily introduced into perovskite precursor solutions. Upon thermal annealing of perovskite films, the decarboxylation of EMIC releases imidazolylidene, a reactive species that highly tends to donate electrons and thus efficiently prolongs the electron diffusion length from 0.57 µm to over 1.21 µm. As a result, the blade‐coated perovskite solar cells and modules realize high power conversion efficiencies of 24.3% and 20.6% at 7.4 mm2 and 25.0 cm2 aperture areas, respectively.
Protein Compartments Modulate Fibrillar Self‐Assembly
Authors: Karger Shay , Miali Marco E. , Solomonov Aleksei , Eliaz Dror , Varsano Neta , Shimanovich Ulyana 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA notable feature of complex cellular environments is protein‐rich compartments that are formed via liquid–liquid phase separation. Recent studies have shown that these biomolecular condensates can play both promoting and inhibitory roles in fibrillar protein self‐assembly, a process that is linked to Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and various prion diseases. Yet, the exact regulatory role of these condensates in protein aggregation remains unknown. By employing microfluidics to create artificial protein compartments, the self‐assembly behavior of the fibrillar protein lysozyme within them can be characterized. It is observed that the volumetric parameters of protein‐rich compartments can change the kinetics of protein self‐assembly. Depending on the change in compartment parameters, the lysozyme fibrillation process either accelerated or decelerated. Furthermore, the results confirm that the volumetric parameters govern not only the nucleation and growth phases of the fibrillar aggregates but also affect the crosstalk between the protein‐rich and protein‐poor phases. The appearance of phase‐separated compartments in the vicinity of natively folded protein complexes triggers their abrupt percolation into the compartments' core and further accelerates protein aggregation. Overall, the results of the study shed more light on the complex behavior and functions of protein‐rich phases and, importantly, on their interaction with the surrounding environment.
Frameworked Electrolytes: A Pathway Towards Solid Future of Batteries
Authors: Sun Jianguo , Wang Xingyang , Yuan Hao , Liu Yu , Yang Jing , Zhao Qi , Gao Yulin , Wang Tuo , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Wang John 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAll‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) represent a highly promising next‐generation energy storage technology owing to their inherently high safety, device reliability, and potential for achieving high energy density in the post‐ara of lithium‐ion batteries, and therefore extensive searches are ongoing for ideal solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs). Though promising, there is still a huge barrier that limits the large‐scale applications of ASSBs, where there are a couple of bottleneck technical issues. In this perspective, a novel category of electrolytes known as frameworked electrolytes (FEs) are examined, where the solid frameworks are intentionally designed to contain 3D ionic channels at sub‐nano scales, rendering them macroscopically solid. The distinctive structural design of FEs gives rise to not only high ionic conductivity but also desirable interfaces with electrode solids. This is achieved through the presence of sub‐nano channels within the framework, which exhibit significantly different ion diffusion behavior due to the confinement effect. This perspective offers a compelling insight into the potential of FEs in the pursuit of ASSBs, where FEs offer an exciting opportunity to overcome the limitations of traditional solid‐state electrolytes and propel the development of ASSBs as the holy grail of energy storage technology.
Interface‐Engineered 2D Heterojunction with Photoelectric Dual Gain: Mxene@MOF‐Enhanced SPR Spectroscopy for Direct Sensing of Exosomes
Authors: Wang Yindian , Xu Chengcheng , Zhou Yangyang , Lee Jaebeom , Chen Qiang , Chen Hongxia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMXene is widely used in the construction of optoelectronic interfaces due to its excellent properties. However, the hydrophilicity and metastable surface of MXene lead to its oxidation behavior, resulting in the degradation of its various properties, which seriously limits its practical application. In this work, a 2D metal‐organic framework (2D MOF) with matching 2D morphology, excellent stability performance, and outstanding optoelectronic performance is grown in situ on the MXene surface through heterojunction engineering to suppress the direct contact between reactive molecules and the inner layer material without affecting the original advantages of MXene. The photoelectric dual gain MXene@MOF heterojunction is confirmed. As a photoelectric material, its properties are highly suitable for the demand of interface sensitization layer materials of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Therefore, using SPR as a platform for the application of this interface material, the performance of MXene@MOF and its potential mechanism to enhance SPR are analyzed in depth using experiments combined with simulation calculations (FDTD/DFT). Finally, the MXene@MOF/peptides‐SPR sensor is constructed for rapid and sensitive detection of the cancer marker exosomes to explore its potential in practical applications. This work offers a forward‐looking strategy for the design of interface materials with excellent photoelectric performance.
3D Fast Sodium Transport Network of MoS2 Endowed by Coupling of Sulfur Vacancies and Sn Doping for Outstanding Sodium Storage
Authors: Kang Jia , Peng Yan , Zhu Ling , Tang Yao , Teng Feiyang , Guo Gencai , Xiang Yanhong , Huang Yonggang , Wu Xianming , Wu Xianwen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA sulfur vacancy‐rich, Sn‐doped as well as carbon‐coated MoS2 composite (Vs‐SMS@C) is rationally synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method combined with ball‐milling reduction, which enhances the sodium storage performance. Benefiting from the 3D fast Na+ transport network composed of the defective carbon coating, Mo─S─C bonds, enlarged interlayer spacing, S‐vacancies, and lattice distortion in the composite, the Na+ storage kinetics is significantly accelerated. As expected, Vs‐SMS@C releases an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 1089 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, higher than the theoretical capacity. It delivers a satisfactory capacity of 463 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 10 A g−1, which is the state‐of‐the‐art rate capability compared to other MoS2 based sodium ion battery anodes to the knowledge. Moreover, a super long‐term cycle stability is achieved by Vs‐SMS@C, which keeps 91.6% of the initial capacity after 3000 cycles under the current density of 5 A g−1 in the voltage of 0.3–3.0 V. The sodium storage mechanism of Vs‐SMS@C is investigated by employing electrochemical methods and ex situ techniques. The synergistic effect between S‐vacancies and doped‐Sn is evidenced by DFT calculations. This work opens new ideas for seeking excellent metal sulfide anodes.
Chiral Au–Pd Alloy Nanorods with Tunable Optical Chirality and Catalytically Active Surfaces
Authors: Liu Chuang , Sun Lichao , Yang Guizeng , Cheng Qingqing , Wang Chen , Tao Yunlong , Sun Xuehao , Wang Zixu , Zhang Qingfeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntegrating the plasmonic chirality with excellent catalytic activities in plasmonic hybrid nanostructures provides a promising strategy to realize the chiral nanocatalysis toward many chemical reactions. However, the controllable synthesis of catalytically active chiral plasmonic nanoparticles with tailored geometries and compositions remains a significant challenge. Here it is demonstrated that chiral Au–Pd alloy nanorods with tunable optical chirality and catalytically active surfaces can be achieved by a seed‐mediated coreduction growth method. Through manipulating the chiral inducers, Au nanorods selectively transform into two different intrinsically chiral Au–Pd alloy nanorods with distinct geometric chirality and tunable optical chirality. By further adjusting several key synthetic parameters, the optical chirality, composition, and geometry of the chiral Au–Pd nanorods are fine‐tailored. More importantly, the chiral Au–Pd alloy nanorods exhibit appealing chiral catalytic activities as well as polarization‐dependent plasmon‐enhanced nanozyme catalytic activity, which has great potential for chiral nanocatalysis and plasmon‐induced chiral photochemistry.
Temperature- and ration-dependent winter growth in northern-stock Black Sea Bass juveniles
Authors: Zavell Max D. , Mouland Matthew E. P. , Matassa Catherine M. , Schultz Eric T. , Baumann Hannes 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
The northern stock of Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata has spatially expanded over the past decade, potentially due to warming northwest Atlantic Shelf waters affecting overwintering.

Methods
To gather empirical data on temperature-dependent energetics, we quantified winter growth and lipid accumulation in juveniles from Long Island Sound using two experiments.

Result
Experiment 1 measured individual length growth (GR), weight-specific growth (SGR), growth efficiency, and lipid content at constant food levels and three static temperatures (6, 12, 19°C), resulting in decreasing GR from 0.24 mm/day at 19°C (SGR = 0.89%/day) to 0.15 mm/day at 12°C (0.54%/day) to 0.04 mm/day at 6°C (0.17%/day). Even at the coldest temperature, most juveniles sustained positive GRs and SGRs; hence, the species' true thermal growth minimum may be below 6°C. Lipid accumulation was greatest at 12°C, which is close to what overwintering juveniles likely encounter offshore. Experiment 2 measured the same traits but combined a representative thermal overwinter profile (20°C → 13°C, October–March) with seasonally varying rations designed to mimic low and high levels of food availability offshore. Monthly GR and SGR responded in the direction of seasonal food level changes. The “winter pulse” consumption average of 1.7%/feeding elicited a mean GR of 0.15 mm/day and SGR of 0.55%/day, whereas the “winter dip” consumption average of 3.8%/feeding yielded faster GR (0.20 mm/day) and SGR (0.71%/day). Growth efficiency ranged between 15% and 30% and was inversely related to food consumption. In both experiments, juveniles disproportionally accumulated lipid over lean mass, with lipid proportions tripling in experiment 2 from 4% at 65 mm to 12% at 120 mm.

Conclusion
As inshore winter waters continue to warm, the energetic trade-offs of overwinter offshore migration are likely to shift, potentially leading to a year-round inshore Black Sea Bass presence.
Comprehensive analysis of m6A modification patterns and m6A‐related lncRNAs as potential biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Sheng , Gu Xuyu , Xu Duo , Liu Bo , Qin Kai , Yuan Xianglin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is considered to induce tumor cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Understanding the mechanism of m6A‐related lncRNAs in the development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) may help predict prognosis.Methodsm6A‐related lncRNAs related to lung cancer were identified and combined with the MeRIP‐Seq dataset. The consensus clustering method was utilized to divide LUAD patients, and prognostic model was constructed using the Lasso Cox algorithm. The cluster profiler package was used for gene ontology and KEGG enrichment. The proportion of immune infiltration was estimated using the CIBERSORT algorithm. The decision tree was constructed by the rpart package, and nomograms were built by the rms package. The Connectivity Map database was analyzed for the therapeutic effects of small molecule drugs for LUAD. In addition, qPCR, colony formation and transwell assays were performed to validate functions of m6A‐associated lncRNAs.ResultsNineteen m6A‐modified lncRNAs in LUAD were identified. LUAD patients were divided into two categories based on the expression of 19 m6A‐related lncRNAs. Cluster 2 patients had better antigen production and expression, while naive B cells, plasma cells, and activated NK cells were lower in cluster 1. Nine m6A‐related lncRNAs were selected to establish a risk model for evaluating the prognosis of LUAD patients. The high‐risk group had higher tumor mutational burden and lower TIDE scores with more gamma delta T cells and neutrophils. Nomograms showed that the prognostic model had predominant predictive ability for LUAD patients based on the risk score analyzed by the decision tree model. Benzo(a)pyrene and neurodazine might improve the prognosis of LUAD patients. The qRT‐PCR results confirmed the reliability of the analytical results.ConclusionThe establishment of a prognostic model of m6A‐related lncRNAs can independently predict overall survival in LUAD and may help to develop personalized immunotherapy strategies.
Effect of processing techniques on biochemical, mineral, heavy metal and microbial load in edible seaweeds and seawater parameters of western Bay of Bengal
Authors: Turuk Archana Snehasini , Banerjee Kakoli 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSeaweeds are promising resources of the coastal zone and can serve as an effective breakthrough in seafood owing to the causes of food security. Hence, challenges in its processing are of utmost importance with respect to its consumption. The present study aims to investigate the effects of various food processing methods (unwashed, washed, soaked, and boiled) on biochemical, mineral, and microbial loads on two selected seaweeds (Ulva lactuca and Gracilaria corticata) sampled seasonally from the Visakhapatnam coast of Andhra Pradesh during 2018–19. The analyzed seawater parameters, nutritive and anti‐nutritive values, were at their maximum during the monsoon, followed by the post‐monsoon and the pre‐monsoon. Biochemical parameters showed an increased concentration in boiled U. lactuca and G. corticata. Minerals, heavy metals, and microbial load results have shown a decreased concentration in the order of unwashed > washed > soaked > boiled in both species. This has been proven through the bioconcentration factor for both species seasonally. All the results are well within the Recommended Dietary Intake as per FAO/WHO. Pearson's correlation coefficient has proven post‐monsoon to be the best season for the harvest of seaweeds. Principle component analysis biplots computed for unwashed, washed, soaked, and boiled seaweeds have shown a positive relationship with mineral and toxic metals in unwashed and washed G. corticata in contrast to U. lactuca. This study ascertains the fact of using boiled and soaked G. corticata and U. lactuca (in all forms except unwashed) for the development of new healthy seaweed‐based foods in changing climate scenarios.
Effect of aluminum diisobutyl hypophosphate in polyethylene terephthalate and its flame retardant mechanism
Authors: Xiang Yushu , Gao Yun , Xu Guomin , He Wentao , Long Lijuan , Qin Shuhao , Yu Jie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlkyl hypophosphate flame retardants have aroused intense research interests in flame retardancy of polymers owing to the combined effect of gas phase and condensed phase. In this work, aluminum diisobutyl hypophosphate (APBA) was incorporated into polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) to investigate its flame retardant effect and mechanism. PET achieved a V‐2 level in UL‐94, with a low LOI of 21.2%. In contrast, PET/APBA‐15% composites showed a 51% increase of LOI value and a V‐0 level, accompanied with the significant reduction of melt droplets. Gas phase analysis by Py‐GC/MS and TG‐FTIR indicated that the phosphorous free radicals and nonflammable gases were generated during the cracking of APBA, resulting in the radical quenching and dilution of combustible gas. Condensed phase analysis by SEM, Raman, and XPS results revealed that APBA could effectively facilitate the formation of dense char layers consisting of aluminophosphate and graphitic structures due to the interaction with PET matrix. The compact barrier layer could insulate heat and inhibit the volatilization of combustible materials, leading to improved flame retardant properties. Furthermore, the introduction of APBA increased the melt viscosity of PET/APBA composites according to rheological analysis, which further promoted the formation of a char barrier layer to further enhance the flame retardant properties.Highlights
Aluminum diisobutyl hypophosphate is used as an efficient flame retardant for PET.
The flame retardant can degrade to release the phosphorous free radicals.
The flame retardant can interact with the PET matrix and promote the charring.
Monitoring of toxic metals and metalloids in the urine of non‐professional sportsmen using total reflection x‐ray fluorescence
Authors: Jablan Jasna , Ortner Hadžiabdić Maja , Domijan Ana‐Marija , Inić Suzana , Stosnach Hagen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExposure to toxic metals and metalloids is a significant public health concern and can seriously affect human health. The aim of this study was to establish the presence of toxic metals and metalloids in the urine of non‐professional sportsmen who participated in a mountain ultramarathon using a benchtop total reflection x‐ray fluorescence (TXRF) system. TXRF allows for easy and rapid sample preparation and is therefore a potential candidate for simple and cost‐effective analysis. In this work, the TXRF‐Mo system was used for multielement analysis of the urine samples of 21 non‐professional athletes who ran a 53 km mountain ultra‐marathon. Urine samples were collected at four time points, at the beginning of the race (pre‐race samples), immediately, and 12 and 24 h post‐race. Al, As, Ba, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, V, and Tl were detected in the collected urine samples. The accuracy and precision of the proposed methods were verified by the analysis of reference materials (Seronorm™ Trace Elements Urine Level 2). The TXRF results were in agreement with the reference values and no significant differences were observed at the 95% confidence level. The detection limits for the elements of interest were also reasonable considering their concentration ranges in real samples. Changes were observed over time with increasing average urinary metals and metalloids levels, but only two significant results, were an increase in As and Rb. The results indicate a high degree of inter‐subject variability. The results obtained show that the content of toxic metals and metalloids increases in the urine samples collected after the race, which could confirm the statement that physical activity can increase the excretion of toxic metals and metalloids from the body. The simplicity of the TXRF method as well as its fast performance make it suitable for routine analysis.
Migration as a Collective Project in the Global South: A Case Study from the Ethiopia–South Africa Corridor
Authors: Feyissa Dereje , Zeleke Meron , Gebresenbet Fana 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter critiques the individualist thrust in migration studies and the assumed “autonomous agency” of prospective migrants, especially in the context of the Global South. It recasts migration as a collective project through a case study of Hadiya migration to South Africa, the place of origin or most of Ethiopian migrants. The chapter makes the case for a processual understanding of migration rather than a synchronic approach with its nature changing on the “individualist-collectivist continuum” across time. It is argued that the success of Hadiya migration to South Africa is largely due to its collective nature at the various stages of migration processes—from decision-making, to the various forms of social support that enable cost sharing and ease the process of settlement at destination. At the same time however, the material wealth accumulated in South Africa, and the greed that underpins it, has contributed to the erosion of the collective imagination of social life and the increasing centrality of individualist perspectives, particularly viewed in businesses and investments. As such, the collective benefits accrued at early stages are now being lost and the negative consequences are becoming perceptible. The chapter concludes making a case for bringing in a temporal approach that examines changes in the individualist/collectivist conceptions of migratory agency at different phases of the migration experience.
The Making of Migration Trails in the Americas: Ethnographic Network Tracing of Haitians on the Move
Authors: Marcelin Louis Herns , Cela Toni 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMigrant vulnerability often begins at home, signalling to governments and communities in transit and destination countries that they are people who are unprotected and easy to exploit. Haiti, in many ways, epitomises this continuum of intersectional inequities which create a path dependency for vulnerability. This chapter is based on a multidisciplinary, mixed methods study that included ethnographic network tracing to capture how Haiti’s most educated youths, the talent Haiti needs to rebuild its institutions and the country, are caught on different migrant trails across the Americas. We use the concept of “circulation” to frame these fluid patterns of migration. On these constantly changing trails, Haitians on the move—already unprotected and deprived of basic rights at home—carry their path dependency to complex vulnerability across the Americas where they experience unequal access to rights and social protection.
Inter-regional Migration in the Global South: Chinese Migrants in Ghana
Authors: Teye Joseph Kofi , Lu Jixia , Crawford Gordon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhile the migration of Chinese people to Africa dates back to the 1960s, it has increased significantly in the last two decades. Despite growing interest in such inter-regional migration flows, there is little understanding of the drivers and effects of such movements. Drawing on a combination of data generated through a quantitative survey and in-depth interviews, this chapter examines the drivers and impacts of Chinese migration to Ghana, a country which has been a significant destination for Chinese migrants for several decades. The findings indicate that the migration of Chinese people to Ghana has both positive and negative impacts. Positively, incomes and livelihoods of some Chinese migrants and Ghanaians who work for Chinese investors have improved. However, financial rewards have benefited some more than others, with increased income inequalities along gender and social class lines. Negative impacts include environmental degradation, violation of Ghana’s trade and mining laws, and exploitation of some Ghanaians by Chinese migrants. While Chinese migrants and their families left behind in China benefit through improved incomes and remittances, migration and associated financial flows contribute to a deepening of inequalities in migrants’ sending areas.