bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allopatric speciation and secondary sympatry of Fagus longipetiolata and F. lucida (Fagaceae) in subtropical China
Authors: Li Danqi , Jiang Lu , He Wei , Fan Dengmei , Cheng Shanmei , Yang Yi , Wang Meixia , Tang Shaoqing , Kou Yixuan , Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Inferring the geographic mode of speciation is essential for explaining the generation and assembly of biodiversity, but has been rarely applied to the temperate flora of China. Fagus longipetiolata and F. lucida are a sister pair of beech species with largely overlapping ranges in subtropical China, however, little is known about the geographic mode of speciation and the formation of their sympatric distributions. In this study, we used IMa2 and fastsimcoal2 to simulate the speciation history of the two sisters. On the basis of 11 nuclear loci screened for 27 populations/species, their divergence time was estimated to 8.37 Mya by IMa2, and weak interspecific gene flow was detected. The simulation by fastsimcoal2 found that F. longipetiolata and F. lucida diverged ~8.53 Mya, then came into contact and hybridized at 0.8 Mya. The extended Bayesian skyline plots indicated that F. lucida began demographic expansion prior to the Pleistocene at 3 Mya, whereas F. longipetiolata increased its effective population size during the Quaternary, between 0.8 and 0.5 Mya. Ecological niche analysis and niche modelling showed that the two beeches had subtle niche differentiation and their projected distributions were largely overlapped across the late Quaternary. These results, coupled with well-studied fossil records in Fagus, demonstrate that these two beech species diverged allopatrically at the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, and came into contact and hybridized with each other after successive migrations into subtropical (i.e. warm temperate) China recently. However, the two beeches may have developed strong intrinsic reproductive barriers due to long-term allopatry, allowing them to coexist in subtropical China. Our results illuminate the assembly history of the temperate woody flora in subtropical China, supporting that many relict temperate lineages in subtropical China may have established their populations recently.
Consensus on the treatment of second-degree burn wounds (2024 edition)
Authors: Ji Shizhao , Xiao Shichu , Xia Zhaofan ,   Chinese Burn Association Tissue Repair of Burns and Trauma Committee, Cross-Straits Medicine Exchange Association of China
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Second-degree burns are the most common type of burn in clinical practice and hard to manage. Their treatment requires not only a consideration of the different outcomes that may arise from the dressing changes or surgical therapies themselves but also an evaluation of factors such as the burn site, patient age and burn area. Meanwhile, special attention should be given to the fact that there is no unified standard or specification for the diagnosis, classification, surgical procedure, and infection diagnosis and grading of second-degree burn wounds. This not only poses great challenges to the formulation of clinical treatment plans but also significantly affects the consistency of clinical studies. Moreover, currently, there are relatively few guidelines or expert consensus for the management of second-degree burn wounds, and no comprehensive and systematic guidelines or specifications for the treatment of second-degree burns have been formed. Therefore, we developed the Consensus on the Treatment of Second-Degree Burn Wounds (2024 edition), based on evidence-based medicine and expert opinion. This consensus provides specific recommendations on prehospital first aid, nonsurgical treatment, surgical treatment and infection treatment for second-degree burns. The current consensus generated a total of 58 recommendations, aiming to form a standardized clinical treatment plan.
The advantages of the corporate form—an impossibility theorem on persons and things
Authors: Graf Lambsdorff Johann 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The literature tends to view the firm either as a person or as a thing. Due to this dichotomy, it struggles with the proposition that the corporate form brings about efficiency gains that cannot be accomplished by other types of profit-seeking firms. This study supplies game-theoretic proof for this proposition. It identifies a capital-intensive business that requires external financing and is vulnerable to a holdup by a supplier. It shows that only the corporate form can organise the business while other types of firms fail. This advantage of the corporate form over other types of firms is due to its Janus-faced nature as both person, that is endowed with legal capacity, and thing, such as a transferable bundle of assets. A long-held tradition of strictly separating persons and things fails to account for this advantage.
Geographies of discontent: measuring and understanding the feeling of abandonment in the Chilean region of Valparaiso (2019–2021)
Authors: Fierro Pedro , Aravena-Gonzalez Ignacio , Aroca Patricio , Rowe Francisco 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Political discontent, frequently mirrored in voting patterns, extends beyond ballot votes. By focusing on Valparaiso, Chile, we introduce a more comprehensive measure, external political efficacy (EPE), capturing a sense of abandonment and gauging public sentiment towards the political system’s responsiveness to their needs. Our analysis addresses individual and area-level factors underpinning individual variations in EPE. The evidence suggests that long-term territorial socio-economic disadvantage, rather than low-paid employment, is significantly related to individual discontent, highlighting lowered beliefs in system responsiveness.
Imlifidase in kidney transplantation
Authors: Kanbay Mehmet , Copur Sidar , Guldan Mustafa , Topcu Ahmet U , Ozbek Lasin , Hasbal Baris , Süsal Caner , Kocak Burak , Callemeyn Jasper , Segelmark Mårten 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Kidney transplantation, the gold-standard therapeutic approach for patients with end-stage kidney disease, offers improvement in patient survival and quality of life. However, broad sensitization against human leukocyte antigens often resulting in a positive crossmatch against the patient's living donor or the majority of potential deceased donors in the allocation system represents a major obstacle due to a high risk for antibody-mediated rejection, delayed graft function and allograft loss. Kidney-paired donation and desensitization protocols have been established to overcome this obstacle, with limited success. Imlifidase, a novel immunoglobulin G (IgG)-degrading enzyme derived from Streptococcus pyogenes and recombinantly produced in Escherichia coli, is a promising agent for recipients with a positive crossmatch against their organ donor with high specificity towards IgG, rapid action and high efficacy in early pre-clinical and clinical studies. However, the rebound of IgG after a few days can lead to antibody-mediated rejection, making the administration of potent immunosuppressive regimens in the early post-transplant phase necessary. There is currently no comparative study evaluating the efficiency of imlifidase therapy compared with conventional desensitization protocols along with the lack of randomized control trials, indicating the clear need for future large-scale clinical studies in this field. Besides providing a practical framework for the clinical use of the agent, our aim in this article is to evaluate the underlying mechanism of action, efficiency and safety of imlifidase therapy in immunologically high-risk kidney transplant recipients.
Effects of temperature acclimation on the upper thermal tolerance of two Arctic fishes
Authors: Waterbury Carolyn R , Sutton Trent M , Kelley Amanda L , López J Andrés 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The thermally dynamic nearshore Beaufort Sea, Alaska, is experiencing climate change-driven temperature increases. Measuring thermal tolerance of broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus) and saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis), both important species in the Arctic ecosystem, will enhance understanding of species-specific thermal tolerances. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent that acclimating broad whitefish and saffron cod to 5°C and 15°C changed their critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and HSP70 protein and mRNA expression in brain, muscle and liver tissues. After acclimation to 5°C and 15°C, the species were exposed to a thermal ramping rate of 3.4°C · h−1 before quantifying the CTmax and HSP70 protein and transcript concentrations. Broad whitefish and saffron cod acclimated to 15°C had a significantly higher mean CTmax (27.3°C and 25.9°C, respectively) than 5°C-acclimated fish (23.7°C and 23.2°C, respectively), which is consistent with trends in CTmax between higher and lower acclimation temperatures. There were species-specific differences in thermal tolerance with 15°C-acclimated broad whitefish having higher CTmax and HSP70 protein concentrations in liver and muscle tissues than saffron cod at both acclimation temperatures. Tissue-specific differences were quantified, with brain and muscle tissues having the highest and lowest HSP70 protein concentrations, respectively, for both species and acclimation temperatures. The differences in broad whitefish CTmax between the two acclimation temperatures could be explained with brain and liver tissues from 15°C acclimation having higher HSP70a-201 and HSP70b-201 transcript concentrations than control fish that remained in lab-acclimation conditions of 8°C. The shift in CTmax and HSP70 protein and paralogous transcripts demonstrate the physiological plasticity that both species possess in responding to two different acclimation temperatures. This response is imperative to understand as aquatic temperatures continue to elevate.
Effects of incubation temperature on the upper thermal tolerance of the imperiled longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys)
Authors: Yanagitsuru Yuzo R , Mauduit Florian , Lundquist Alexis J , Lewis Levi S , Hobbs James A , Hung Tien-Chieh , Connon Richard E , Fangue Nann A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Upper thermal limits in many fish species are limited, in part, by the heart’s ability to meet increased oxygen demand during high temperatures. Cardiac plasticity induced by developmental temperatures can therefore influence thermal tolerance. Here, we determined how incubation temperatures during the embryonic stage influence cardiac performance across temperatures during the sensitive larval stage of the imperiled longfin smelt. We transposed a cardiac assay for larger fish to newly hatched larvae that were incubated at 9°C, 12°C or 15°C. We measured heart rate over increases in temperature to identify the Arrhenius breakpoint temperature (TAB), a proxy for thermal optimum and two upper thermal limit metrics: temperature when heart rate is maximized (Tpeak) and when cardiac arrhythmia occurs (TArr). Higher incubation temperatures increased TAB, Tpeak and TArr, but high individual variation in all three metrics resulted in great overlap of individuals at TAB, Tpeak and TArr across temperatures. We found that the temperatures at which 10% of individuals reached Tpeak or TArr and temperatures at which number of individuals at TAB relative to Tpeak (ΔN(TAB,Tpeak)) was maximal, correlated more closely with upper thermal limits and thermal optima inferred from previous studies, compared to the mean values of the three cardiac metrics of the present study. Higher incubation temperatures increased the 10% Tpeak and TArr thresholds but maximum ΔN(TAB,Tpeak) largely remained the same, suggesting that incubation temperatures modulate upper thermal limits but not Topt for a group of larvae. Overall, by measuring cardiac performance across temperatures, we defined upper thermal limits (10% thresholds; Tpeak, 14.4–17.5°C; TArr, 16.9–20.2°C) and optima (ΔN(TAB,Tpeak), 12.4–14.4°C) that can guide conservation strategies for longfin smelt and demonstrated the potential of this cardiac assay for informing conservation plans for the early life stages of fish.
Reperfusion strategies on the clinical outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients over 80 years old in China
Authors: Qu Xinkai , Guan Shaofeng , Cai Jiasheng , Gan Qian , Han Wenzheng , Lu Liming , Fang Weiyi , Yin Peng , Shi Hong , Wang Annai , Gao Yuanchao , Zhou Maigeng , Huo Yong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study aims to explore the efficacy of reperfusion strategies on the clinical outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients over 80 years old in China.

Methods and results
A retrospective cohort study was performed on STEMI patients over 80 years old who underwent reperfusion strategies and no reperfusion between January 2014 and December 2021, based on the Chinese Cardiovascular Association (CCA) Database-Chest Pain Center. This study included a total of 42,699 patients (mean age 84.1 ± 3.6 years, 52.2% male), among whom 19,280 (45.2%) underwent no reperfusion, 20,924 (49.0%) underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and 2495 (5.8%) underwent thrombolytic therapy. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that patients who underwent primary PCI strategy showed a significantly lower risk of in-hospital mortality [odds ratio (OR) = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–0.67, P &lt; 0.001] and the composite outcome (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.79–0.87, P &lt; 0.001) compared to those who received no reperfusion. In contrast, patients with thrombolytic therapy exhibited a non-significantly higher risk of in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.86–1.14, P = 0.890) and a significantly elevated risk of the composite outcome (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05–1.27, P = 0.004). During a median follow-up of 6.7 months post-hospital admission, there was a percentage 31.4% of patients died, and patients in the primary PCI group consistently demonstrated a reduced incidence of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.56–0.61, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
STEMI patients over 80 years old who underwent the primary PCI strategy are more likely to have favourable clinical outcomes compared to those who received no reperfusion, whereas thrombolytic therapy warrants careful assessment and monitoring.
Comparison of imaging changes in pulmonary artery diameter at the occlusion site using silk or metal clamps for pulmonary artery troubles
Authors: Chiba Yoshiki , Miyajima Masahiro , Takahashi Yuki , Shindo Yuma , Tsuruta Kodai , Maki Ryunosuke , Watanabe Atsushi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We analysed our clinical experience using silk sutures [the double-loop technique (DLT)] or DeBakey type vascular clamp (DeBakey clamp) for pulmonary artery (PA) troubles during anatomical lung resection to validate its practicality and safety.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent either of the above clamping techniques during anatomical lung resection at our hospital between April 2007 and August 2022. We measured the PA diameter at the occlusion site on computed tomography images acquired within 1 year pre- and postoperatively. The difference between pre- and postoperative diameters of the occlusion sites was calculated as the change in the PA diameter. We zoned the occlusion site of the PA to adjust for variation. PA deformation was evaluated as an adverse event caused by clamping.

RESULTS
Ultimately, 27 and 26 patients who underwent the DLT and DeBakey clamp, respectively, were included. No additional injury due to the clamp procedure was found in either group. For zone R1/L1, defined as the main PA, the median changes in the PA diameter were 0.02 (–0.7 to 0.27) mm for the DLT and 0.36 (–0.28 to 0.89) mm for the DeBakey clamp. No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups (P = 0.106). Furthermore, no aneurysms, dissections, or stenoses were found in either group.

CONCLUSIONS
The DLT and DeBakey clamp had only minimal effects on the occlusion site of the PA. The DLT is a practical thoracoscopic technique for PA bleeding when primary haemostasis has been achieved.
Response to: ‘Signals, Educational Decision-Making, and Inequality’: a comment on the formal model by Holm, Hjorth-Trolle, and Jæger
Authors: Holm Anders , Hjort-Trolle Anders , Meier Jaeger Mads 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this rejoinder, we engage in the discussion raised by Yastrebov (2023) about the assumptions in the theoretical models in Holm et al. (2019) and how the implications of the theory are handled. Our original model proposes that students use signals about academic ability to make inferences about the costs and benefits of different educational options. In particular, we propose that when low-socioeconomic status (SES) student receives a negative information shock in high school, they are more likely to drop out than their high-SES counterparts, and this difference is more pronounced for high-grade point average (GPA) students than for low-GPA students. Here we show that this holds true, despite the arguments raised by Yastrebov (2023).
Kinship, heritage, and ethnic choice: ethnolinguistic registration across four generations in contemporary Finland
Authors: Saarela Jan , Kolk Martin , Obućina Ognjen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We studied how individuals’ ethnolinguistic affiliation relates to the ethnolinguistic structure of kinship in contemporary Finland, a society in which Finnish-speaking and Swedish-speaking ethnolinguistic groups have coexisted for centuries and mixed marital unions are common. Using multigenerational data from the population register, we determined how the ethnolinguistic registration of children born in 1990–2015 relates to three generations of ancestors. We created a family tree that links children to their parents, four grandparents and eight great grandparents. Our intention was to both map the ethnolinguistic background of young people and predict a child’s affiliation based on their ancestry. The data revealed that ethnolinguistic affiliation is a more fluid and complex feature than expected when assessed only through child and parental characteristics. We found substantial diversity in ethnolinguistic background within the Swedish-speaking minority group, while most individuals in the Finnish-speaking majority group had a uniform background. We identified three types of bias in the ethnolinguistic affiliation of mixed-origin children: a matrilineal bias, a kinship majority bias and a Swedish ethnic minority bias. The analyses advanced our understanding of how the size of minority groups can shrink even when most couples in mixed unions favour minority group affiliation for their children.
Improved ERT imaging with 3-D surface-to-horizontal borehole configurations: relevance to dense non-aqueous phase liquids
Authors: Servos Maxwell , Power Christopher 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARY
Accurate characterization and monitoring strategies are essential for designing and implementing remedial programs for sites polluted with dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a widely used geophysical technique for mapping subsurface features and processes of interest, and exhibits desirable characteristics for DNAPL sites due to its ability to gather large volumes of continuous subsurface information in a non-invasive, cost-effective and time-efficient manner. However, ERT measured only from the surface suffers from poor imaging quality with depth. Enhanced ERT imaging can be obtained via electrodes deployed on the surface and within horizontal boreholes, but so far it has only been investigated for 2-D imaging. This study evaluates the potential of 3-D surface-to-horizontal borehole (S2HB) ERT configurations for imaging 3-D DNAPL source zones. Laboratory tank experiments were first conducted with a 3-D S2HB ERT configuration, which consisted of a surface grid and a single borehole line of electrodes, being used to monitor DNAPL migration within porous media. Results demonstrate that 3-D S2HB ERT with a single borehole provides improved sensitivity at depth, and therefore enhanced imaging compared to conventional 3-D surface ERT. Further tank experiments were performed to assess the performance of single borehole S2HB ERT when (i) the distance between surface and borehole is increased, and (ii) additional horizontal boreholes are included. The S2HB ERT with a single borehole significantly outperforms surface ERT at larger depths, and performs comparably to S2HB ERT using multiple boreholes. This study suggests that 3-D S2HB ERT with a single borehole can provide the enhanced imaging ability needed to map DNAPLs, while also being relatively practical for implementation at field sites.
The genetic dissection of fetal haemoglobin persistence in sickle cell disease in Nigeria
Authors: Ojewunmi Oyesola O , Adeyemo Titilope A , Oyetunji Ajoke I , Inyang Bassey , Akinrindoye Afolashade , Mkumbe Baraka S , Gardner Kate , Rooks Helen , Brewin John , Patel Hamel , Lee Sang Hyuck , Chung Raymond , Rashkin Sara , Kang Guolian , Chianumba Reuben , Sangeda Raphael , Mwita Liberata , Isa Hezekiah , Agumadu Uche-Nnebe , Ekong Rosemary , Faruk Jamilu A , Jamoh Bello Y , Adebiyi Niyi M , Umar Ismail A , Hassan Abdulaziz , Grace Christopher , Goel Anuj , Inusa Baba P D , Falchi Mario , Nkya Siana , Makani Julie , Ahmad Hafsat R , Nnodu Obiageli , Strouboulis John , Menzel Stephan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The clinical severity of sickle cell disease (SCD) is strongly influenced by the level of fetal haemoglobin (HbF) persistent in each patient. Three major HbF loci (BCL11A, HBS1L-MYB, and Xmn1-HBG2) have been reported, but a considerable hidden heritability remains. We conducted a genome-wide association study for HbF levels in 1006 Nigerian patients with SCD (HbSS/HbSβ0), followed by a replication and meta-analysis exercise in four independent SCD cohorts (3,582 patients). To dissect association signals at the major loci, we performed stepwise conditional and haplotype association analyses and included public functional annotation datasets. Association signals were detected for BCL11A (lead SNP rs6706648, β = −0.39, P = 4.96 × 10−34) and HBS1L-MYB (lead SNP rs61028892, β = 0.73, P = 1.18 × 10−9), whereas the variant allele for Xmn1-HBG2 was found to be very rare. In addition, we detected three putative new trait-associated regions. Genetically, dissecting the two major loci BCL11A and HBS1L-MYB, we defined trait-increasing haplotypes (P &lt; 0.0001) containing so far unidentified causal variants. At BCL11A, in addition to a haplotype harbouring the putative functional variant rs1427407-‘T’, we identified a second haplotype, tagged by the rs7565301-‘A’ allele, where a yet-to-be-discovered causal DNA variant may reside. Similarly, at HBS1L-MYB, one HbF-increasing haplotype contains the likely functional small indel rs66650371, and a second tagged by rs61028892-‘C’ is likely to harbour a presently unknown functional allele. Together, variants at BCL11A and HBS1L-MYB SNPs explained 24.1% of the trait variance. Our findings provide a path for further investigation of the causes of variable fetal haemoglobin persistence in sickle cell disease.