bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploratory Drilling of Multi-Layer Buried Hills with Complex Pressure in Deep Bohai Oilfield: A Case History
Authors: Zhang Xiaocheng , Li Wenlong , Xie Tao , Huo Hongbo , Xu Kun , Zhang Lei , Liu Hailong , Hou Xinxin , Liu Xun , Zhu Guojing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The exploration and development of Bohai Oilfield is gradually moving to the deep stratum. However, it is difficult to drill in the deep stratum due to complex pressure system and multi-layer buried hill. This paper analyzes the lithologic characteristics of the deep buried hill strata with complex pressure in Bohai Oilfield. Through the analysis of adjacent well data, seismic data and mud weight window prediction results, it is concluded that the main drilling risks in the surrounding area are leakage and overflow, and the key drilling technologies under the control of complex pressure are introduced, including well structure design, identify method of buried hill interface, drilling fluid maintenance, fine pressure control and other series of technologies. After a series of optimization design and technical application, the efficient drilling of complex pressure multilayer buried hill stratum is finally realized. This paper has a certain reference significance for safe and efficient drilling of deep complex strata in Bohai Oilfield.
Case Study on Retrofitted HEPA Filtration to Offshore Gas Turbine Inlet House and its Benefit
Authors: Shaharuddin Mohamed Arif Bin Mohamed , Hao Chai Jun , Vui Chow Kim 
Published: February 2024

Gumusut Kakap semi-submersible Floating Production System (GK sFPS) is one of Shell operated deepwater asset in the state of Sabah, Malaysia. There are 3 production centers with water injection and gas injection facility. For gas injection facility, there are two units of gas turbine driving compressor barrels namely, HPC1 & HPC2. The gas injection facility serves as gas reinjection for reservoir management.
For gas turbine, preventative maintenance is required for water-washing the gas turbine internal components which is a gas generator prior to combustion. For GK sFPS, the gas turbine is an aeroderivative type gas turbine. Preventative maintenance is required due to dirt accumulated at the blades area (Naeem, Singh and Probert 2001). Water-washing period typically takes about 24 hours from shut down initiation, gas turbine cool-down period, water-washing activity, and starting up the unit again. Specifically shutting down HPC1 & HPC2, this involves system blowdown of the driven compressor barrels which incur flaring and impact to Green House Gas.
The intent of water-washing a gas turbine is to recover performance losses associated from dirt accumulation (also known as fouling) over time. The dirt accumulation is condition based on air quality filtration (i.e. filter efficiency) in filtering out dust, salts and other particles that affects gas turbine performance (Golbabaei, et al. 2013).
Smart Needle Valve: Intelligent and Cost-Effective Solution to Unlock Gas Production in a Tight Gas Field in China
Authors: Chen Zongpeng , Bo Jiangwei , Wang Xiangzeng , Lin Jin , Qiao Xiangyang , Wang Bing , Ding Yong , Qi Shiwei , Zhai Zhongbo , Wang Lang , Cai Xingxing , Fendt Andrew , Audrey Beryl , Kartoatmodjo Gayatri , Zhu Ming , Liu Yunlong , Wang Yunlong , Yang Weigang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Gas field C is an unconventional tight gas reservoir located in central China. As the gas wells mature, production rates start to decline because of the decreasing bottomhole pressure that prompts a liquid loading issue. The production loss is up to 114 MMscf/yr resulting from liquid loading. To mitigate this issue and hence optimize production, an innovative intermittent solution has been created. With the combination and implementation of cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI) methods and Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT) technics, an automatic full-cycle closed-loop workflow has been achieved to manage the intermittent production dynamically. This solution has tremendous benefits in cost-effectiveness, efficient operations, health, safety, and environment (HSE) exposure reduction, bringing a new wave of digital technology to facilitate optimization in gas field operation. This solution is deployed in the wellsite IIOT gateway connecting both sensors and remote-controllable needle valve (RCNV) with edge computing technology. In design, the gateway processes high-frequency production data, completes a calculation, and then sends a command of "well open" or "well shut-in" to the RCNV. All these steps are managed by the gateway automatically within several seconds. Since 2022, the smart needle valve (SNV) solution has been successfully piloted for five wells with a 6% to 8% gas production incremental and 50% operational expense (OPEX) reduction. The application also reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and driving risk in the field by reducing personnel visiting the well pad.
Comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidine and nitroglycerin on cerebral oxygen saturation using near-infrared spectroscopy in patients undergoing controlled hypotensive anaesthesia: A randomised controlled non-inferiority trial
Authors: Rao J. Koteswara , Chhabra Swati , Mohammed Sadik , Bhatia Pradeep K. , Goyal Shilpa , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims:
There is limited literature wherein the hypotensive drugs have been compared to know the cerebral effects by monitoring regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2). This study aimed to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine and nitroglycerin on rScO2 during controlled hypotensive anaesthesia using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The primary objective was to evaluate the non-inferiority of dexmedetomidine versus nitroglycerin in the occurrence of cerebral desaturation events (CDEs) during hypotensive anaesthesia.

Methods:
Adult patients scheduled to undergo head and neck surgery under general anaesthesia randomised to receive either dexmedetomidine or nitroglycerin infusion for controlled hypotensive anaesthesia. Cerebral oximetry was monitored with NIRS, and data regarding CDEs, bilateral rScO2, and peri-operative haemodynamics were collected. Continuous data were analysed using unpaired Student’s t-tests except for intra-group analyses, which were analysed using paired t-tests. Categorical data were analysed using the Chi-square test. For comparison of time to CDEs, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis with log-rank test was performed.

Results:
Of the 82 patients in both groups, CDEs were observed in 15 patients each. A decrease from baseline by 20% was observed in three patients: one in Group N and two in Group D. Statistically, there was an equal risk of getting CDEs in the groups. The time to CDE was comparable (P > 0.05). The difference in heart rate was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Dexmedetomidine is non-inferior to nitroglycerin in terms of the occurrence of cerebral desaturation events when used for controlled hypotensive anaesthesia in head and neck surgeries.
Comparison of block characteristics and outcomes in opioid-free and opioid-based thoracic continuous spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: A double-blinded randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sangadala Priyanka , Talawar Praveen , Tripathy Debendra K. , Kaushal Ashutosh , Gupta Amit , Raj Nirjhar 
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims:
Thoracic continuous spinal anaesthesia (TCSA) is emerging as the sole anaesthetic for major abdominal surgery due to its better perioperative outcomes. This study was designed to evaluate block characteristics and outcomes in ‘opioid-free’ and ‘opioid-based’ TCSA.

Methods:
After ethical approval, trial registration and written informed consent, 50 adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery were randomised into ‘opioid-free’ (bupivacaine alone) and ‘opioid-based’ (bupivacaine with fentanyl) groups. After confirmation of T4-L1 dermatome level of spinal anaesthesia, sedation by intravenous (IV) midazolam (0.02–0.05 mg/kg), ketamine (0.25 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (bolus dose of 1 µg/kg IV over 10 min followed by 0.2–0.7 µg/kg/h infusion) were started. The primary outcome measured was postoperative pain scores for 72 h in both groups. The secondary objectives were rescue opioid requirement, and the dose of bupivacaine required to achieve T4 level. Data were compared using the two-sided Student t-test, Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s exact tests.

Results:
The ‘opioid-based’ group performed significantly better compared with the ‘opioid-free’ group concerning pain scores at rest at 0 h (P = 0.023), 18 h (P = 0.023) and 24 h (P = 0.016) postoperatively, decreased intrathecal bupivacaine requirement [(induction (P = 0.012) and maintenance (P = 0.031)], postoperative rescue fentanyl requirement (P = 0.018) and patient satisfaction (P = 0.032) at the cost of increased postoperative nausea and vomiting (P = 0.049).

Conclusion:
The ‘opioid-based’ TCSA provided better postoperative analgesia with significantly lesser postoperative pain scores when compared to the ‘opioid-free’ group in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.
Retrolaminar block for opioid-free anaesthesia and enhanced recovery after posterior lumbar discectomy: A randomised controlled study
Authors: Kamel Alshaimaa A. F. , Fahmy Ahmed M. , Medhat Marwa M. , Elmesallamy Wael A. E. Ali , Salem Dina A. E. 
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims:
Intraoperative regional analgesia and enhanced recovery are standard care models aimed at reducing perioperative opioid use following spine surgeries. This study aimed to examine the analgesic effect of retrolaminar block in promoting recovery and pain relief after posterior lumbar discectomy.

Methods:
The patients undergoing elective posterior lumbar discectomy were randomised into the retrolaminar group (n = 36) (received an intra-operative bilateral retrolaminar block with 15 mL of bupivacaine 0.25%, 2 mL (8 mg) of dexamethasone, and 2 mL of magnesium sulphate 10% (200 mg) on each side) and control group (n = 36) (received standard general anaesthesia). Primary outcomes were recovery time (time from isoflurane discontinuation to the first response to verbal command) and time to discharge (time from admission to the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) to discharge from the PACU, when Aldrete score was ≥9). P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:
The extubation, recovery, and discharge times were significantly shorter in the retrolaminar group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in the retrolaminar group for up to 8 h compared to only 2 h in the control group (P < 0.001). The time to first administration of ketorolac post-operatively was significantly longer in the retrolaminar group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The total consumption of ketorolac post-operatively was significantly reduced in the retrolaminar group compared to the control group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Intra-operative retrolaminar block is an easy and effective opioid-free regional anaesthesia technique that improves recovery after posterior lumbar discectomy.
Rare Cause of Respiratory Distress in an Infant
Authors: Chithambaram N. S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Respiratory distress is one of the most common problems faced by pediatricians worldwide. There are various medical and surgical causes which manifests as respiratory distress in infants. The management of these infants depends on the etiology of respiratory distress. Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM), previously called Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of the lungs is one of the surgical causes of respiratory distress in infants. With various advances in antenatal ultrasound, many cases are detected in the prenatal period. However, some cases are missed and these infants present as respiratory distress due to secondary infection of the cysts in early infancy. Surgical management (lobectomy) is the cornerstone of this malformation if these infants are symptomatic. Here, we report a 2-month and 15-day-old infant who presented with respiratory distress secondary to CPAM with infection.
Troubleshooting of Unusual and Challenging Presentation in Pediatric Airway Emergency: A Case Series
Authors: Das K. Nidhin , Sharma Vidhu , Gupta Diksha , Soni Kapil , Katti Madhusudan , Kaur Manbir , Sharma Alok Kumar , Kamal Manoj , Sinha Arvind , Goyal Amit 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This case series explores three distinct pediatric airway complications and their successful management through innovative on-table procedures. The first case involves a 10-month-old male baby who presented with a broken tracheostomy tube lodged within the trachea as a foreign body. The second case features a 5‐year‐old boy with left main bronchus stenosis, while the third case highlights an 8‐year‐old girl with subglottic and mid‐tracheal stenosis. In each case, conventional treatment options posed significant challenges due to the unique nature of the airway obstructions. However, the medical teams demonstrated remarkable ingenuity by implementing on-table innovations to address these critical situations. The cases were approached with a combination of advanced imaging, real-time decision-making, and tailored interventions. This case series underscores the importance of adaptability and creative problem-solving in pediatric airway emergencies. Through these cases, we showcase the potential for successful outcomes when health-care professionals utilize on-table innovation, enabling them to swiftly and effectively manage complex pediatric airway complications, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life. These experiences offer valuable insights for medical practitioners facing similar challenging scenarios in their clinical practice.
The effect of oral zinc on hemoglobin and dose of erythropoietin in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Seirafian Shiva , Feizi Awat , Shahidi Shahrzad , Badri Shirin Sadat , Rouhani Mohammad Hossein , Najafabadi Pejman Pourazari , Naeini Elham Kabiri 
Published: February 2024

Background:
In hemodialysis (HD) patients, low serum zinc level could cause hyporesponsivity to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and lead to anemia. This study investigated the effects of oral zinc supplements on the required dose of erythropoietin in patients undergoing HD.

Materials and Methods:
In a double-blinded randomized trial, 76 HD patients were assigned to 2 groups of 38. One group (intervention) was treated with oral zinc supplements of 210 mg, daily for 6 months, and the other group (control) used placebo capsules for 6 months. The serum zinc level, hemoglobin level, and required dose of erythropoietin, albumin, ferritin, ferrous, and total iron-binding capacity were evaluated 3 and 6 months after intervention.

Results:
Repeated measures ANOVA did not show a significant increase in Hb level after 6 months of intervention (P = 0.28). However, the required dose of erythropoietin was decreased, but the changes were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The changes in the other variables were not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Oral zinc supplementation in HD patients could not increase hemoglobin level irrespective of their serum zinc level.
Assessment of Yam Flakes Production among Rural Women in Baruten Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Adefalu Lateef Lawal , Saka Mariam Abimbola , Olaitan Tunde Rafiu , Olaniyan Obasola Babatunde , Ogunnaike Oluwatosin Elizabeth 
Published: February 2024

The study assessed yam flake production among rural women in Baruten Local Government Area of Kwara state, Nigeria. The interview schedule was employed to obtain data from 120 sampled respondents. Data were analysed using percentage, mean, and Chi-square tests. Findings showed that the mean age of the respondents was 38 years, with a mean of 17.4 years of experience and an average monthly income of N23,167. The majority (78.2%) had formal education.
The study concluded that drudgery and inadequate storage facilities are the major constraints affecting yam flake production in the study area. The study recommends that the Women in Agriculture (WIA) should improve the capacity building of women processors to enhance the efficient production of yam flakes in the study area.
Determinants of Profitability Among Agricultural Equipment Fabricators in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oyelami Benjamin Olusegun , Ogunbayo Iredele , Enya Effa , Aburime Peace , Oyegbile Adetola , Adekoya Adegbenga , Akano Oreoluwa , Osadebamwen Uyiosa Genesis , Olorunkoya Olubusayo 
Published: February 2024

The study examined enterprise profitability among agricultural equipment fabricators. It was conducted in Oyo State, Nigeria using a multistage sampling procedure to select the 48 respondents from whom data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Percentage was used to analyse the socioeconomic and enterprise characteristics of the respondents, while gross margin analysis was used to determine the profitability of the enterprise. A linear regression model was used to ascertain the drivers of enterprise profitability among respondents. Findings revealed that over half (54.4%) of the fabricators produced processing equipment, while fewer (28.2%) produced farm tools. Most of the fabricators operated with a mean workshop space of 1.3 m2. The gross margin analysis showed a total revenue of N95,302,900 exceeding the total cost of production (N20,374,205), indicating (N74,928,695) profitability of their enterprise with an N3.68 return on investment per Naira. Fabrication being a secondary occupation (β=0.340), and business registration with the Corporate Affairs Commission (β=0.473) significantly influenced profitability among the respondents. This study recommends regulating the fabrication sector through policies, ensuring that fabricators register their outfits with designated statutory bodies to significantly enhance the standardization of outputs and increase the units of production, hence, improving the profitability of the enterprise.
Paranasal sinuses in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis,Tanzania
Authors: Massawe Enica R. , Somboi Happy E. , Muganyizi Asterius , Joseph Petra 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis is inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses that lasts for at least twelve weeks. Paranasal sinus variations account for various pathologies, including chronic rhinosinusitis. This study assessed the anatomical variations of paranasal sinuses among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis attending otorhinolaryngology services in a tertiary hospital in Tanzania.
Method: This was a descriptive prospective cross-sectional study of 120 patients aged 15 years and above who fulfilled the Rhinosinusitis Task Force criteria. A structured checklist was used to collect socio-demographic characteristics and clinical presentations. Cone-beam computed tomography scan and the Lund-Mackay scoring system were used. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 26, and p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 120 patients were enrolled with a median age of 37 (IQR 27-52) years, with 40% aged 30-49 years. There were 65 (54.2%) males, and 55 (45.8%) females. Maxillary sinuses were affected in 85.8% of all patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The overall proportion of anatomical variation was 53.3%, with concha bullosa, deviated nasal septum, Onodi cells, and septal spur being the most common, accounting for 40.6%, 25.0%, 23.4%, and 20.3%, respectively. Twenty-four patients with concha bullosa had chronic maxillary rhinosinusitis, with 14 (58.3%) having ipsilateral rhinosinusitis.
Conclusion: Half of the patients had one or more paranasal sinus anatomical variations. The most common variants were concha bullosa followed by deviated nasal septum. Onodi cells and septal spurs were rarely identified. Most patients with concha bullosa had ipsilateral maxillary sinusitis.
Hepatocellular carcinoma and aflatoxin in Sudan: The way forward
Authors: Elhassan Moawia Mohammed Ali 
Published: February 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of death worldwide. It is especially prevalent in developing countries, with around 80% of cases occurring in Asia and Africa. Aflatoxin B1 is a well-documented risk factor for HCC, among other factors. In Sudan, there is limited reliable and comprehensive data on cancer epidemiology, including HCC. This paper focuses on the current status of HCC in Sudan, specifically in relation to aflatoxin. Additionally, recommendations are provided to enhance the control measures for HCC in the country.
Evaluación y Selección de una Tecnología para el tratamiento de Residuos Sólidos Orgánicos Municipales en la ciudad de Arequipa -2020
Authors: Herrera Ruben Antonio Matheos , Ordoñez Nancy Ivon Orihuela , Corrales Olivia Anyelina Paz 
Published: February 2024

El trabajo de investigación tuvo como propósito encontrar la tecnología apropiada para el tratamiento de los residuos sólidos orgánicos municipales; para tal fin se analizaron los tratamientos aplicados a la fecha en la localidad, como incineración, digestión anaeróbica, compostaje, pirolisis, gasificación por plasma y relleno sanitario. Para el análisis se utilizaron las variables establecidas en el análisis Jerárquico Multicriterio, seleccionando los criterios con la matriz de impacto cruzado obteniéndose 19 item, agrupados en criterios técnicos, sociales, económicos y ambientales. Finalmente se calculó la importancia con la tabla de ponderación quedando con los siguientes resultados Gasificación por Plasma con 357 puntos, pirolisis 350, 329 incineración, 325 Digestión anaeróbica, 314 destinado al compostaje y la disposición final en un relleno sanitario con 285 puntos. A partir de los resultados obtenidos con las herramientas anteriores, se propone que la tecnología de Gasificación por plasma es la apropiada para el tratamiento de los residuos sólidos orgánicos municipales, eliminando así el material de mayor volumen generado (58.74%), con la propuesta de destruirlos térmicamente hasta la obtención de elemento básicos.