bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanophotocatalysis: A Generalizable Approach to Solvent‐minimized Photocatalytic Reactions for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Millward Francis , Zysman‐Colman Eli 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis proof‐of‐concept study cements the viability and generality of mechanophotocatalysis, merging mechanochemistry and photocatalysis to enable solvent‐minimized photocatalytic reactions. We demonstrate the transmutation of four archetypal solution‐state photocatalysis reactions to a solvent‐minimized environment driven by the combined actions of milling, light, and photocatalysts. The chlorosulfonylation of alkenes and the pinacol coupling of aldehydes and ketones were conducted under solvent‐free conditions with competitive or superior efficiencies to their solution‐state analogues. Furthermore, decarboxylative alkylations are shown to function efficiently under solvent‐minimized conditions, while the photoinduced energy transfer promoted [2+2] cycloaddition of chalcone experiences a significant initial rate enhancement over its solution‐state variant. This work serves as a platform for future discoveries in an underexplored field: validating that solvent‐minimized photocatalysis is not only generalizable and competitive with solution‐state photocatalysis, but can also offer valuable advantages.
Two‐Dimensional Nonbenzenoid Heteroacene Crystals Synthesized via In‐Situ Embedding of Ladder Bipyrazinylenes on Au(111)
Authors: Wang Ying , Gong Wen‐Wen , Zhao Yan , Xing Guang‐Yan , Kang Li‐Xia , Sha Feng , Huang Zheng‐Yang , Liu Jian‐Wei , Han Yan‐Jie , Li Peng , Li Deng‐Yuan , Liu Pei‐Nian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrecisely introducing topological defects is an important strategy in nanographene crystal engineering because defects can tune π‐electronic structures and control molecular assemblies. The synergistic control of the synthesis and assembly of nanographenes by embedding the topological defects to afford two‐dimensional (2D) crystals on surfaces is still a great challenge. By in‐situ embedding ladder bipyrazinylene (LBPy) into acene, the narrowest nanographene with zigzag edges, we have achieved the precise preparation of 2D nonbenzenoid heteroacene crystals on Au(111). Through intramolecular electrocyclization of o‐diisocyanides and Au adatom‐directed [2+2] cycloaddition, the nonbenzenoid heteroacene products are produced with high chemoselectivity, and lead to the molecular 2D assembly via LBPy‐derived interlocking hydrogen bonds. Using bond‐resolved scanning tunneling microscopy, we determined the atomic structures of the nonbenzenoid heteroacene product and diverse organometallic intermediates. The tunneling spectroscopy measurements revealed the electronic structure of the nonbenzenoid heteroacene, which is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The observed distinct organometallic intermediates during progression annealing combined with DFT calculations demonstrated that LBPy formation proceeds via electrocyclization of o‐diisocyanides, trapping of heteroarynes by Au adatoms, and stepwise elimination of Au adatoms.
A novel method for exploring the wear resistance characteristics of ethylene propylene diene monomers‐polyamide elastomers with nano‐graphite
Authors: Hao Yupeng , Liu Susu , Liu Guangyong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHansen solubility parameter theory and rheological laws were employed to investigate the microscopic cross‐linked network structure of the wear‐resistant elastomer based on ethylene propylene diene monomers (EPDM)‐polyamide elastomers (PAE)/graphite. With the condition of the same carbon black content, the wear volume of EPDM‐PAE increased after added wax powder and decreased by adding five percent graphite. The role of microscopic cross‐linked network on the wear‐resistant properties was specifically characterized by a highly linear synergistic relationship between wear volume and cross‐link density. The motion ability of micro chain segments has been characterized by the frequency sweep and the influence of the filler network has been represented by the strain sweep. Scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the micro filling structure, while stereomicroscope view was used to explore the wear interface. It was noteworthy that the graphite network layer formed on the abrasive surface on top of the abrasive grit wear transformed the wear mechanism into composite wear. This work was an innovative perspective to study rubber‐plastic/solid lubricant‐based wear‐resistant elastomers, based on microscopic network structures, which could help to obtain new wear‐resistant elastomers with specific properties.
Construction of fluorenyl‐modified low dielectric constant polyimide films with excellent mechanical properties and optical transparency
Authors: Xie Kang , Li Zhihua , Zhao Bo , Guo Ziteng , Deng Xingguo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn order to meet the requirements of highly integrated and miniaturized electronic components, there is an urgent need for low dielectric materials with high mechanical properties and optical transparency in the field of microelectronics. In this study, a series of novel polyimide films (FPI) containing fluorenyl were prepared, and the effects of the fluorenyl content on the thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of the copolymerized films were investigated and discussed. The results demonstrate a significant decrease in the dielectric constant of the FPI films following the introduction of fluorenyl into polyimide (PI) chain segment. The FPI films also exhibited high mechanical properties, including tensile strengths between 92 and 106 MPa and elongation at break in the range of 8.4%–13.0%. Additionally, the introduction of the noncoplanar fluorenyl considerably improved the optical transparency and solubility of the FPI film. It is noteworthy that the FPI‐3 has the best dielectric properties, with a low dielectric constant of 2.61 at 10 MHz and shows low water absorption (0.49%). The results show that we have prepared a novel low dielectric PI material film with excellent mechanical properties and optical transparency by introducing fluorenyl into the PI chain segment. These FPI films with satisfactory properties may be good candidates for dielectric materials for electronic components.
Comments on the pelvic girdle anatomy of Lagerpeton chanarensis Romer, 1971 (Archosauria) and its implications on the posture and gait of early pterosauromorphs
Authors: Agnolín Federico L. , Novas Fernando E. , Ezcurra Martín D. , Miner Santiago , Müller Rodrigo Temp 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLagerpeton chanarensis is an early avemetatarsalian from the lower Carnian (lowermost Upper Triassic) levels of the Chañares Formation, La Rioja Province, Argentina. Lagerpeton and its kin were traditionally interpreted as dinosaur precursors of cursorial habits, with a bipedal posture and parasagittal gait. Some authors also speculated saltatorial capabilities for this genus. Recent analyses indicate that lagerpetids are early‐diverging pterosauromorphs, a hypothesis that invites a review of most aspects of their anatomy and function. A revision of available specimens and additional preparation of previously known individuals indicate that Lagerpeton lacked a parasagittal gait and was probably a sprawling archosaur. This latter inference is based on the femoral head articulation with the acetabulum. The acetabular rim has a strongly laterally projected posteroventral antitrochanteric corner, which results in a position of the legs that recalls that of sprawling living reptiles, such as lizards, and departs from the parasagittally positioned limbs of dinosaurs. This may indicate that early pterosauromorphs had a sprawling posture of their hindlegs, casting doubts on the significance of bipedal posture and parasagittal gait for the radiation of early ornithodirans, given that both traits have been regarded as key features that triggered the ecological and evolutionary success of the clade. Our results bolster recent claims of a high ecomorphological diversity among early avemetatarsalians.
Methoden zur Abschätzung des CO2‐Speicherpotenzials rezyklierter Gesteinskörnung
Authors: Hron Johannes , Zeman Oliver , Voit Klaus , Wriessnig Karin , Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDie Notwendigkeit der Nutzung von CO2‐Senken wird für die Bauindustrie immer relevanter, da auch zukünftig die Herstellung bestimmter Industriegüter prozessbedingt nicht emissionsfrei ablaufen kann. Ein innovativer Ansatz hierzu ist die Nutzung von Altbeton bzw. daraus aufbereiteter Gesteinskörnung (rezyklierter Gesteinskörnung) zur CO2‐Speicherung, wodurch das Recycling von Baurestmassen im Sinne der Ressourcenschonung (Urban Mining) um den Aspekt der Klimaverträglichkeit erweitert wird. Erste Umsetzungen in der Praxis sind bereits erfolgt und eine vermehrte zukünftige Anwendung zeichnet sich ab. Eine Schwierigkeit bildet die Ungewissheit über das vorhandene CO2‐Aufnahmepotenzial der jeweiligen Recyclinggesteinskörnungen. Eine genaue Erfassung ist im Grunde nur nach erfolgter Karbonatisierung durch Ermittlung der Massen und Überwachung der Versuchsbedingungen möglich. Haupteinflussparameter sind dabei die Korngröße sowie die für die Karbonatisierung zur Verfügung stehende Zeitspanne, aber auch die Betoneigenschaften und Expositionshistorie des vorliegenden Altbetons. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine praktische Methode mittels Zwangskarbonatisierung in einem Laborreaktor vorgestellt, mithilfe derer das jeweilige CO2‐Speichervermögen an Proben aus dem Bestand, noch vor dem Abbruch einer Struktur, bestimmt werden kann und somit eine einfache, handhabbare Möglichkeit bietet, das Potenzial des zusätzlich erforderlichen Aufbereitungsschritts zu bewerten.
Exploring social workers' views on assessing child neglect in England and Wales
Authors: Haworth Simon , Schaub Jason , Montgomery Paul 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChild neglect poses many issues for social work, notably in terms of effective assessment leading to informed intervention targeting the needs of children and families. In response to this challenge, our multiphase research project is developing a new multiagency child neglect measurement tool. The phase of the project reported in this article administered an online survey via Qualtrics to explore the views of children and families social workers on assessing child neglect. One hundred and twenty‐nine completed responses were received from registered children and families social workers in England and Wales. The main findings are that social workers are regularly undertaking child neglect assessments and feel relatively confident in completing them. They also feel relatively confident that their assessments are inclusive of social harms such as poverty and social isolation, but less confident they are accurate and informed by research evidence. Almost two‐thirds are using a child neglect assessment tool, but they lack confidence in these accurately assessing neglect or being quick and simple to use. The findings illustrate that social workers require both the work conditions and tools to use in which they feel confident to undertake balanced and accurate assessments of child neglect.
Socio‐psychological barriers preventing people from helping in times of crisis: A scoping review
Authors: Kossowska Małgorzata , Szwed Paulina , Czernatowicz‐Kukuczka Aneta , Perek‐Białas Jolanta , Szumowska Ewa , Kruglanski Arie W. , Gadowska Kaja , Kamińska Marta , Załuski Wojciech 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA robust field of research has elucidated when and why people are willing to offer help in times of crisis. Yet helping behaviour does not always occur when needed, and the absence of helping during crisis is less well studied. By broadly defining a crisis as an extremely difficult, disruptive and dangerous situation, which may result in possible harm to individuals, groups and societies, this article reviews research focused on the following general question: What factors (psychological, sociological, economic and legal) prevent people from helping others in times of collective crisis? The present work (a) integrates the helping literature, (b) presents new theoretical and empirical perspectives on novel findings concerning failures to help during crises, and (c) suggests recommendations that will enable professionals involved in emergency management to support the public in developing their own capacity to manage and overcome crises. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Intellectual and developmental disabilities in Ontario's criminal justice and forensic mental health systems: Using data to tell the story
Authors: Lunsky Yona , Matheson Flora I. , Kouyoumdjian Fiona , Whittingham Lisa , Lin Elizabeth , Durbin Anna , Calzavara Andrew , Moser Andrea , Dastoori Parisa , Sirotich Frank , Volpe Tiziana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundInternational studies show that adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are disproportionately represented in the criminal justice and forensic mental health systems; however, it is difficult to capture their involvement across systems in any one jurisdiction.AimsThe current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of IDD across different parts of the criminal justice and forensic mental health systems in Ontario and to describe the demographic and clinical profiles of these individuals relative to their counterparts without IDD.MethodsThis project utilised administrative data to identify and describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of adults with IDD and criminal justice or forensic involvement across four sectors: federal correctional facilities, provincial correctional facilities, forensic inpatient mental health care and community mental health programmes. Questions were driven by and results were contextualised by a project advisory group and people with lived experience from the different sectors studied, resulting in a series of recommendations.ResultsAdults with IDD were over‐represented in each of the four settings, ranging from 2.1% in federal corrections to 16.7% in forensic inpatient care. Between 20% (forensic inpatient) and 38.4% (provincial corrections) were under the age of 25 and between 34.5% (forensic inpatient) and 41.8% (provincial corrections) resided in the lowest income neighbourhoods. Medical complexity and rates of co‐occurring mental health conditions were higher for people with IDD than those without IDD in federal and provincial corrections.ConclusionsEstablishing a population‐based understanding of people with IDD within these sectors is an essential first step towards understanding and addressing service and care needs. Building on the perspectives of people who work in and use these systems, this paper concludes with intervention recommendations before, during and after justice involvement.
Plasmonic‐assisted Electrocatalysis for CO2 Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Xiu , Mao Yu , Wang Ziyun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntegrating plasmonic features as an emerging strategy for enhancing electrocatalysis for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). The key parameters responsible for the enhanced electrocatalysis performance are the local heating, the hot carriers, and near‐field enhancement induced by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR, that is, plasmonic) excitation. This review provides a concise overview of the fundamental mechanism of CO2RR, detailing the generation and decay of plasmonic and the energy transfer dynamics between plasmonic nanostructures and adsorbates. It further involves recent progress in plasmonic‐assisted electrocatalysis for CO2RR, including experimental and theoretical research to decipher plasmonic mechanisms. Finally, it ends with an insightful discussion of the existing challenges and potential future directions in this field.
Triflate's bigger brother: The unprecedented tribrate anion, [Br3CSO3]−
Authors: Mertens Alisha , Eppers Katrin , van Gerven David , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of the unprecedented [Br3CSO3]− anion starts with the bromination of phenylmethanesulfonate, C6H5OSO2CH3, with KOBr leading to C6H5OSO2CBr3. The formation of the [CBr3] moiety has been proved, also by an X‐ray structure determination of the compound (triclinic, P‐1, a=685.9(2), b=698.1(2), c=1190.2(3) pm, α=93.99(1)°, β=97.42(1)°, γ=94.45(1)°). The ester C6H5OSO2CBr3 can be split under basic conditions. The resulting acid provides access to the yet unknown tribromomethanesulfates (“tribrates”). K[Br3CSO3] ⋅ H2O, the first tribrate known so far has been characterized comprehensively, including an X‐ray structure determination (monoclinic, C2/c, a=2267.1(2), b=1282.25(8), c=2618.2(2) pm, β=111.266(2)°), vibrational spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Moreover, the thermal analysis shows that, after loss of the crystal water, the tribrate decomposes between 530 and 630 K.
Synthesis and functionalities of FeSn12 superatom prepared by single atom introduction with a dendrimer template
Authors: Muramatsu Hisanori , Kambe Tetsuya , Tsukamoto Takamasa , Kuzume Akiyoshi , Hosono Reina , Imaoka Takane , Yamamoto Kimihisa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSuperatoms are promising as new building block materials that can be designed by precise controlling of the constituent atoms. Stannaspherene (Sn122−) is a rigid cage‐like cluster with icosahedral symmetry, for which one‐atom encapsulation was theoretically expected and detected in the gas phase. Here, a single‐atom introduction method into stannaspherene using a dendrimer template with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) protection is demonstrated. This advanced solution‐phase synthesis allows not only the selective doping of one atom into the cluster cage, but also enable further detail characterization of optical and magnetic properties that were not possible in the gas‐phase synthesis. In other words, this liquid‐phase synthesis method has enabled the adaptation of detailed analytical methods. In this study, FeSn12 was synthesized and characterized, revealing that a single Fe atom introduction in the Sn122− cage result in the appearance of near‐infrared emission and enhancement in the magnetism.
Observer‐based residual‐driven dynamic compensation strategy for performance improvement of grid‐forming inverter
Authors: Zhang Shufeng , Liu Changan , Shi Yuntao , Yin Xiang , Zhang Ying 
Published: January 2024

SummaryGrid‐forming (GFM) inverters offer stable frequency support for microgrid systems, even in the absence of synchronous generators. However, the GFM inverters have low inertia and vulnerability to system uncertainties and external disturbances. The conventional dual‐loop proportional integral (PI) control strategy, while widely used for its simplicity and robustness, suffers from poor dynamic performance. Motivated by this, this paper presents an observer‐based residual‐driven dynamic compensation (RDDC) strategy based on the coprime factorization technic and the Youla parameterization theory to achieve the primary control of the GFM inverter. The observer‐based RDDC strategy comprises four components: a PI controller for tracking control, a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller for dynamic adjustment, a residual generator based on the Kalman filter for state estimation and residual generation, and a residual compensation controller designed using model matching theory and solved through linear matrix inequality (LMI) methods for disturbance suppression. Simulation and experiment results consistently demonstrate that the observer‐based RDDC strategy ensures system robustness, enhances the dynamic and steady‐state performance of the GFM inverter system, and strengthens the ability of the GFM inverter to suppress disturbances.
Localization of cadherins in the postnatal cochlear epithelium and their relation to space formation
Authors: Beaulac Holly J. , Munnamalai Vidhya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe sensory epithelium of the cochlea, the organ of Corti, has complex cytoarchitecture consisting of mechanosensory hair cells intercalated by epithelial support cells. The support cells provide important trophic and structural support to the hair cells. Thus, the support cells must be stiff yet compliant enough to withstand and modulate vibrations to the hair cells. Once the sensory cells are properly patterned, the support cells undergo significant remodeling from a simple epithelium into a structurally rigid epithelium with fluid‐filled spaces in the murine cochlea. Cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins are necessary for sorting and connecting cells in an intact epithelium. To create the fluid‐filled spaces, cell adhesion properties of adjoining cell membranes between cells must change to allow the formation of spaces within an epithelium. However, the dynamic localization of cadherins has not been properly analyzed as these spaces are formed. There are three cadherins that are reported to be expressed during the first postnatal week of development when the tunnel of Corti forms in the cochlea. In this study, we characterize the dynamic localization of cadherins that are associated with cytoskeletal remodeling at the contacting membranes of the inner and outer pillar cells flanking the tunnel of Corti.
The effect of salinity and altitude on diatom assemblages and ecological status assessment based on diatom indices in the lentic systems of the Western Mediterranean Basin (Türkiye)
Authors: Ongun Sevindik Tuğba , Çetin Tolga , Tekbaba Ayşe Gül , Güzel Uğur 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, littoral diatoms and environmental variables were sampled three times in 2017 (spring, summer, and autumn) to determine the effect of salinity (SAL) and altitude (ALT) on the littoral diatom assemblages (composition, distribution, species richness and diversity) of 12 lentic systems in the Western Mediterranean Basin. Due to the SAL and ALT differences in these systems, they were distinguished under two groups (high elevated freshwater lentic systems [HEF] and hyposaline lentic systems [HYP]). The Bray–Curtis and Canonical Correspondence (CCA) analyses based on diatom species also confirmed this separation. In HYP, SAL and alkalinity (ALK) were the most effective parameters on diatom assemblage. On the other hand, diatom assemblage was mainly affected by ALT in HEF. For the biological assessment of these systems, seven diatom indices were implemented. Although most of the indices showed higher regression with SAL and ALT, they did not give the intended result in the evaluation of HYP. On the other hand, the most consistent index with environmental variables and dominant species in HEF was the Generic Diatom Index (IDG).