bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast, three‐dimensional free‐breathing MR imaging of myocardial infarction: A feasibility study
Authors: Saranathan Manojkumar , Rochitte Carlos E. , Foo Thomas K.F. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractImaging delayed hyperenhancement of myocardial infarction is most commonly performed using an inversion recovery (IR) prepared 2D breathhold segmented k‐space gradient echo (FGRE) sequence. Since only one slice is acquired per breathhold in this technique, 12–16 successive breathholds are required for complete anatomical coverage of the heart. This prolongs the overall scan time and may be exhausting for patients. A navigator‐echo gated, free‐breathing, 3D FGRE sequence is proposed that can be used to acquire a single slab covering the entire heart with high spatial resolution. The use of a new variable sampling in time (VAST) acquisition scheme enables the entire 3D volume to be acquired in 1.5–2 min, minimizing artifacts from bulk motion and diaphragmatic drift and contrast variations due to contrast media washout. Magn Reson Med 51:1055–1060, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitation of simulated short echo time 1H human brain spectra by LCModel and AMARES
Authors: Kanowski Martin , Kaufmann Jörn , Braun Jürgen , Bernarding Johannes , Tempelmann Claus 
Published: April 2004

AbstractLCModel and AMARES, two widely used quantitation tools for magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data, were employed to analyze simulated spectra similar to those typically obtained at short echo times (TEs) in the human brain at 1.5 T. The study focused mainly on the influence of signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) and different linewidths on the accuracy and precision of the quantification results, and their effectiveness in accounting for the broad signal contribution of macromolecules and lipids (often called the baseline in in vivo MRS). When applied in their standard configuration (i.e., fitting a spline as a baseline for LCModel, and weighting the first data points for AMARES), both methods performed comparably but with their own characteristics. LCModel and AMARES quantitation benefited considerably from the incorporation of baseline information into the prior knowledge. However, the more accurate quantitation of the sum of glutamate and glutamine (Glx) favored the use of LCModel. Metabolite‐to‐creatine ratios estimated by LCModel with extended prior knowledge are more accurate than absolute concentrations, and are nearly independent of SNR and line broadening. Magn Reson Med 51:904–912, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Robust automated shimming technique using arbitrary mapping acquisition parameters (RASTAMAP)
Authors: Klassen L. Martyn , Menon Ravi S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractQuantitative MRI techniques as well as methods such as blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) imaging and in vivo spectroscopy require stringent optimization of magnetic field homogeneity, particularly when using high main magnetic fields. Automated shimming approaches require a method of measuring the main magnetic field, B0, followed by adjusting the currents in resistive shim coils to maximize homogeneity. A robust automated shimming technique using arbitrary mapping acquisition parameters (RASTAMAP) using a 3D multiecho gradient echo sequence that measures B0 with high precision was developed. Inherent compensation and postprocessing methods enable removal of artifacts due to hardware timing errors, gradient propagation delays, gradient amplifier asymmetry, and eddy currents. This allows field maps to be generated for any field of view, bandwidth, resolution, or acquisition orientation without custom tuning of sequence parameters. Field maps of an aqueous phantom show ± 1 Hz variation with altered acquisition orientations and bandwidths. Subsequent fitting of measured shim coil field maps allows calculation of shim currents to produce optimum field homogeneity. Magn Reson Med 51:881–887, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrical and mechanical behavior of filled elastomers 2: The effect of swelling and temperature
Authors: Busfield J. J. C. , Thomas A. G. , Yamaguchi K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this work the effect of swelling and temperature on the resistivity of highly carbon black filled elastomers under strain is investigated. This work shows that swelling, even to a modest extent of less than 10%, causes a marked increase in the electrical resistivity. The effect of a linear expansion due to swelling is much more marked than an equivalent linear tensile extension on the electrical resistivity. The increase in electrical resistivity with swelling is also much greater than the increase due to a reduction in the volume fraction of the carbon black alone. The increase in resistivity depends somewhat upon the chemical nature of the swelling agent. There is a relatively small effect of temperature induced volume change on resistivity, contrasting markedly with the large effect of a volume increase due to swelling. These observations suggest that on swelling there is a preferential migration of the solvent to the rubber/filler interfaces. This will push the carbon black aggregates apart and lead to a dramatic increase in the resistivity across the interface. There are also indications that at elevated temperatures the filler/rubber interactions are reduced. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2161–2167, 2004
Carbometallate: Komplexe Anionenverbände [MoC4/26—] in der Kristallstruktur von Pr[MoIIC2]
Authors: Dashjav Enkhtsetseg , Kreiner Guido , Schnelle Walter , Wagner Frank R. , Kniep Rüdiger 
Published: April 2004

AbstractZunächst werden Kriterien für die Existenz von Carbometallaten entwickelt und in größerem Rahmen diskutiert. Das Konzept wird auf die neue Verbindung Pr2[MoC2] angewendet. Die Charakterisierung der Verbindung erfolgt über chemische Analysen, Röntgenbeugungsexperimente und metallographische Verfahren. Die Kristallstruktur (tetragonal, P42/mnm, Z = 4, a = 581.29(8) pm, c = 1032.53(14) pm) enthält schichtartig aufgebaute Polyanionen [MoC4/26—], die durch Ecken‐ und Kantenverknüpfung von verzerrten MoC4‐Tetraedern entstehen. Praseodym ist ebenfalls verzerrt tetraedrisch von Kohlenstoff umgeben. Die physikalischen Eigenschaften der ternären Verbindung entsprechen denen eines schlechten Metalls (“bad metal”) mit lokalisierten magnetischen 4f‐Momenten, in Übereinstimmung mit dem Vorliegen von Pr3+‐Spezies. Eine detaillierte Bindungsanalyse mit Hilfe der Elektronen‐Lokalisierungsfunktion ELF und der COHP‐Methode rechtfertigt die Beschreibung der Titelverbindung als Carbomolybdat(II).
Octreotide Scintigraphy in the Detection of Recurrent Paragangliomas
Authors: Bustillo Andres , Telischi F. F. 
Published: April 2004

OBJECTIVEConventional follow‐up of surgically and radiotherapy‐treated paragangliomas is usually carried out with physical examinations and either magnetic resonance imaging and/or computed tomography. Up to now, octreotide has been reserved for primary diagnosis, for which it has been shown to be a reliable imaging modality. However, the postsurgical and postradiation changes seen on conventional imaging make the diagnosis of small recurrent lesions difficult. We sought to evaluate the role of octreotide scintigraphy in the detection of recurrent paragangliomas.STUDY DESIGNWe based this case series on 3 patients who were found to have recurrent paragan‐gliomas after primary surgical resection. All patients underwent octreotide scintigraphy during routine follow‐up.RESULTSThree patients were found to have recurrent paragangliomas using octreotide scintigraphy. In one of the patients, conventional imaging (magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography) failed to detect the recurrence.CONCLUSIONThe octreotide study was able to detect the small recurrences because octreotide binds directly to receptors on the tumor and is not affected by postsurgical or postradiotherapy changes. The intrinsic resolution of most commercially available gamma cameras is about 1 cm, making it quite sensitive to detect small tumors. Although this patient did not have synchronous lesions, octreotide scintigraphy can also aide in the detection of such lesions. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;130:479‐82.)
Facial Nerve Paralysis Secondary to Occult Malignant Neoplasms
Authors: Boahene Derek O. , Olsen Kerry D. , Driscoll Colin , Lewis Jean E. , McDonald Thomas J. 
Published: April 2004

OBJECTIVEThis study reviewed patients with unilateral facial paralysis and normal clinical and imaging findings who underwent diagnostic facial nerve exploration.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGFifteen patients with facial paralysis and normal findings were seen in the Mayo Clinic Department of Otorhinolaryngology.RESULTSEleven patients were misdiagnosed as having Bell palsy or idiopathic paralysis. Progressive facial paralysis with sequential involvement of adjacent facial nerve branches occurred in all 15 patients. Seven patients had a history of regional skin squamous cell carcinoma, 13 patients had surgical exploration to rule out a neoplastic process, and 2 patients had negative exploration. At last follow‐up, 5 patients were alive.CONCLUSIONSPatients with facial paralysis and normal clinical and imaging findings should be considered for facial nerve exploration when the patient has a history of pain or regional skin cancer, involvement of other cranial nerves, and prolonged facial paralysis.SIGNIFICANCEOccult malignancy of the facial nerve may cause unilateral facial paralysis in patients with normal clinical and imaging findings. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;130:459–65.)
Association of Anterior Glottic Webs with Velocardiofacial Syndrome (Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion)
Authors: Miyamoto R. Christopher , Cotton Robin T. , Rope Alan F. , Hopkin Robert J. , Cohen Aliza P. , Shott Sally R. , Rutter Michael J. 
Published: April 2004

OBJECTIVEAn association between anterior glottic webs and velocardiofacial syndrome (chromosome 22q11.2 deletion) has previously been noted in a number of case reports. Our objective was to determine if the presence of such webs warrants a high index of suspicion for this chromosome deletion.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGThis study was carried out in the Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion status was determined for all patients endoscopically diagnosed with anterior glottic webs between July 1998 and December 2000. Families of patients who tested positive for the deletion were referred to the Cincinnati Children's Division of Human Genetics for additional evaluation and counseling.RESULTSEleven of 17 patients (65%) with anterior glottic webs were positive for chromosome 22q11.2 deletion. Of these 11 patients, 5 showed subtle clinical manifestations of velocardiofacial syndrome and underwent genetic testing due only to the presence of a web. All 11 patients were diagnosed with velocardiofacial syndrome.CONCLUSIONWe strongly recommend that all patients diagnosed with anterior glottic webs undergo fluorescence in situ hybridization evaluation for this chromosome deletion. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;130:415‐7.)
Flutamide as a Preoperative Treatment in Juvenile Angiofibroma (JA) with Intracranial Invasion: Report of 7 Cases
Authors: Labra Alberto , Chavolla‐Magaña Rogelio , Lopez‐Ugalde Adriana , Alanis‐Calderon Jorge , Huerta‐Delgado Angel 
Published: April 2004

OBJECTIVETo determine the efficacy of flutamide as a tumor reduction factor in patients who have juvenile anglofibroma (JA) with intracranial invasion.DESIGNA longitudinal, prospective, experimental, self‐controlled pilot study.MATERIAL AND METHODSSeven consecutive patients with JA were enrolled in the study. CT scan with measurements of the tumor was performed before and after the treatment with flutamide, and the results were compared.RESULTSThe biggest reduction in tumor size was 11.1%. All patients underwent surgical resection, and the bleeding was similar to patients without flutamide. No statistically significant difference was found between the measurements before and after the flutamide administration.CONCLUSIONSDespite the fact that there is a report of the efficacy of flutamide in the literature, we did not find advantages in using it in patients with JA. However, and due to the very small number of patients enrolled, we think that more studies are required.
A new variational characterization of 𝑛-dimensional space forms
Authors: Hu Zejun , Li Haizhong 
Published: April 2004

A Riemannian manifold

(

M
n

,
g
)

(M^n,g)

is associated with a Schouten

(
0
,
2
)

(0,2)

-tensor

C
g

C_g

which is a naturally defined Codazzi tensor in case

(

M
n

,
g
)

(M^n,g)

is a locally conformally flat Riemannian manifold. In this paper, we study the Riemannian functional

F

k

[
g
]
=

∫
M

σ
k

(

C
g

)
d
v
o

l
g

\mathcal {F}_k[g]=\int _M\sigma _k(C_g)dvol_g

defined on

M

1

=
{
g
∈

M

|

V
o
l
(
g
)
=
1
}

\mathcal {M}_1=\{g\in \mathcal {M}|Vol(g)=1\}

, where

M

\mathcal {M}

is the space of smooth Riemannian metrics on a compact smooth manifold

M
M

and

{

σ
k

(

C
g

)
,

1
≤
k
≤
n
}

\{\sigma _k(C_g),\ 1\leq k\leq n\}

is the elementary symmetric functions of the eigenvalues of

C
g

C_g

with respect to

g
g

. We prove that if

n
≥
5

n\geq 5

and a conformally flat metric

g
g

is a critical point of

F

2

|

M

1

\mathcal {F}_2|_{\mathcal {M}_1}

with

F

2

[
g
]
≥
0

\mathcal {F}_2[g]\geq 0

, then

g
g

must have constant sectional curvature. This is a generalization of Gursky and Viaclovsky’s very recent theorem that the critical point of

F

2

|

M

1

\mathcal {F}_2|_{\mathcal {M}_1}

with

F

2

[
g
]
≥
0

\mathcal {F}_2[g]\geq 0

characterized the three-dimensional space forms.
Boundary correspondence of Nevanlinna counting functions for self-maps of the unit disc
Authors: Nieminen Pekka , Saksman Eero 
Published: April 2004

Let

ϕ
\phi

be a holomorphic self-map of the unit disc

D

\mathbb {D}

. For every

α
∈
∂

D

\alpha \in \partial \mathbb {D}

, there is a measure

τ
α

\tau _\alpha

on

∂

D

\partial \mathbb {D}

(sometimes called Aleksandrov measure) defined by the Poisson representation

Re
⁡
(
α
+
ϕ
(
z
)
)

/

(
α
−
ϕ
(
z
)
)
=
∫
P
(
z
,
ζ
)

d

τ
α

(
ζ
)

\operatorname {Re}(\alpha +\phi (z))/(\alpha -\phi (z)) = \int P(z,\zeta ) \,d\tau _\alpha (\zeta )

. Its singular part

σ
α

\sigma _\alpha

measures in a natural way the “affinity” of

ϕ
\phi

for the boundary value

α
\alpha

. The affinity for values

w
w

inside

D

\mathbb {D}

is provided by the Nevanlinna counting function

N
(
w
)

N(w)

of

ϕ
\phi

. We introduce a natural measure-valued refinement

M
w

M_w

of

N
(
w
)

N(w)

and establish that the measures

{

σ
α

}

α
∈
∂

D

\{\sigma _\alpha \}_{\alpha \in \partial \mathbb {D}}

are obtained as boundary values of the refined Nevanlinna counting function

M
M

. More precisely, we prove that

σ
α

\sigma _\alpha

is the weak

∗

^*

limit of

M
w

M_w

whenever

w
w

converges to

α
\alpha

non-tangentially outside a small exceptional set

E
E

. We obtain a sharp estimate for the size of

E
E

in the sense of capacity.
Infinitely many solutions to fourth order superlinear periodic problems
Authors: Conti Monica , Terracini Susanna , Verzini Gianmaria 
Published: April 2004

We present a new min–max approach to the search of multipleTT–periodic solutions to a class of fourth order equations\[uiv(t)−cu(t)=f(t,u(t)),t∈[0,T],u^{iv}(t)-c u(t)=f(t,u(t)),\hspace {5mm}t\in [0,T],\]wheref(t,u)f(t,u)is continuous,TT–periodic inttand satisfies a superlinearity assumption when|u|→∞|u|\to \infty. For everyn∈Nn\in \mathbb {N}, we prove the existence of aTT–periodic solution having exactly2n2nzeroes in(0,T](0,T].
High resolution NMR microscopy of plants and fungi
Authors: Köckenberger W. , De Panfilis C. , Santoro D. , Dahiya P. , Rawsthorne S. 
Published: April 2004

SummaryNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microscopy is a completely noninvasive technique that can be used to acquire images with high spatial resolution through opaque objects such as plant organs and tissue parts. The image contrast can be chosen to represent the anatomical details or to visualize the spatial distribution of a range of physico‐chemical parameters such as the apparent diffusion constant of water or the velocity of water flow within plants in vivo. In addition, images can be generated which show the spatial distribution of metabolites. Furthermore, it is possible to detect chemical compounds labelled with the stable isotope 13C and to generate images showing the spatial distribution of the 13C label in the intact plant. The ability to monitor water flow and transport of 13C‐labelled tracer in intact plants with NMR microscopy favours the use of this technique in the investigation of long‐distance transport processes in plants. A short introduction into the technical principles of NMR microscopy is provided and the problems associated with applications to plants are summarized. The potential of the technique is explained with applications to Zinnia elegans plants, wheat grains and Brassica napus siliques.
The medical treatment of Crohn's perianal fistulas
Authors: Schwartz D. A. , Herdman C. R. 
Published: April 2004

SummaryPerianal fistulas are a frequent manifestation of Crohn's disease. The correct application of the newer diagnostic and therapeutic agents for treating perianal Crohn's disease are beginning to be better defined. In general, a combined medical and surgical approach is preferred. The perianal disease process should first be fully delineated with endoscopy and either MRI or EUS before treatment is begun. Patients are then stratified into one of three groups: simple fistulas and no proctitis; simple fistulas and concomitant proctitis; and complex fistulas. Patients with simple fistulas and no proctitis can be treated medically with a combination of antibiotics and an immunosuppressive agent (azathioprine or mercaptopurine). Patients with simple fistulas and concomitant proctitis should have infliximab added to their treatment plan. Complex fistulas require surgical intervention first prior to medical treatment. A combination of antibiotics, immunosuppressive therapy and infliximab are then initiated to facilitate fistula healing.
Immunological Discrimination of Phytophthora cinnamomi from other Phytophthorae Pathogenic on Chestnut
Authors: Ferraris L. , Cardinale F. , Valentino D. , Roggero P. , Tamietti G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA polyclonal antiserum (A379) against water soluble proteins from Phytophthora cinnamomi mycelium was produced in rabbit. In ELISA, the 1 : 10 000 diluted antiserum revealed only Phytophthora isolates, not allowing a clear‐cut discrimination among congenerous species, in spite of a generally higher reactivity on P. cinnamomi proteins. The antiserum gave positive reactions in Western blot analyses against mycelial proteins from nine species of Phytophthora and Pythium sp. (grown on rich media), but not with Rhizoctonia solani, binucleate Rhizoctonia, Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum and Cryphonectria parasitica. All Phytophthora species showed common epitopes on proteins of molecular masses 77, 66, 51 and 48 kDa. However, a species‐specific protein of 55 kDa was immunodecorated only in P. cinnamomi samples, thus allowing univocal identification of this species. When tested against total proteins from the same fungi grown on water, the antibody revealed diagnostic bands of 55 and 51 kDa in P. cinnamomi only. The antiserum is therefore suitable for the specific identification of P. cinnamomi emerging in distilled water from infected tissues of chestnut, blueberry and azalea.
Localization of Tomato spotted wilt virus in Chrysanthemum Stock Plants and Efficiency of Viral Transmission from Infected Stock Plants to Cuttings
Authors: Matsuura S. , Ishikura S. , Shigemoto N. , Kajihara S. , Hagiwara K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractLocalization of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in susceptible chrysanthemum stock plants and its efficiency of transmission from latently infected stock plants to cuttings under thrips‐free conditions were investigated using double‐antibody sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (DAS‐ELISA), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) combined with dot‐blot hybridization, and by cultivation. TSWV localized in symptomless stock plants and cuttings taken from them, and its detection frequency, was relatively high in the lower leaves and stems, but low in terminal buds of cuttings. In cv. Seinoyakata, the detection rate of TSWV in cuttings taken from infected stock plants ranged from 26.3 to 38.5% in 2002 and from 16.7 to 39.1% in 2003, and in cv. Jimba from 37.5 to 47.1% from January to May 2003. No fluctuation in detection rate by cutting generation or season was observed. The detection rate of TSWV in the roots of stock plants was >50% in most periods. These results indicate that transmission efficiency from infected chrysanthemum stock plants to cuttings is fairly high (approximately 20–50%) and thus may become a major source of secondary infection in production fields or glasshouses. Our results also suggest that several lower leaves should be combined in ELISA to detect infection in stock plants and cuttings.
Sustained suppression of hepatitis C virus by high doses of interferon and ribavirin in adult hemophilic patients
Authors: Santagostino E. , De Filippi F. , Rumi M. G. , Rivi M. , Colombo M. , Mannucci P. M. ,   Hepatitis Study Group of the Association of Italian Hemophilia Centers
Published: April 2004

BACKGROUND: In a recent randomized controlled study, only a minority (15%) of adult hemophiliacs with chronic HCV achieved a sustained virologic response to treatment with interferon (IFN) and ribavirin given at standard doses.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Whether the therapeutic response might be improved in these patients by increasing the doses of IFN was evaluated. Thirty‐four previously untreated, adult hemophiliacs with chronic HCV but negative for HIV were investigated. There were 33 men and 1 woman, aged 21 to 60 years (mean, 36). Twenty‐three patients (68%) had genotype 1, and median serum HCV‐RNA was 473 × 103 IU per L (range, 3.6‐2145). Patients were treated with IFN at 5 million units (MU) thrice weekly for 6 months, followed by 3 mol/L for 6 additional months in combination with daily oral doses of 1 or 1.2 g of ribavirin.RESULTS: A total of 33 patients (97%) completed the study; one patient withdrew because of treatment‐related symptoms. Treatment dosage had to be reduced in 20 patients (59%). By intention‐to‐treat analysis, 14 patients (41%) had a sustained virologic response, particularly those infected by HCV genotype 2 or 3 (70% vs. 29% with genotype 1 or 4, p < 0.05). Sustained response rates were similar in the 13 compliant patients and the 20 patients who had to reduce IFN and/or ribavirin doses (54% vs. 35%).CONCLUSIONS: High‐dose IFN therapy plus ribavirin provided high rates of sustained virologic responses in adult hemophiliacs with chronic HCV, even if side‐effects led to dose reduction in half of these patients.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Polypyrrole and Polythiophene in Supercritical Trifluoromethane
Authors: Atobe Mahito , Ohsuka Hisashi , Fuchigami Toshio 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Supercritical trifluoromethane (scCHF3) has been used as an electrolytic medium for the electrooxidative polymerization of pyrrole and thiophene; both monomers could be electropolymerized apparently faster in scCHF3 than in the coventional organic media like an acetonitrile solution, and the obtained films had highly-regulated structure.