bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate staging of chick embryonic tissues via deep learning of salient features
Authors: Groves Ian , Holmshaw Jacob , Furley David , Manning Elizabeth , Chinnaiya Kavitha , Towers Matthew , Evans Benjamin D. , Placzek Marysia , Fletcher Alexander G. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Recent work shows that the developmental potential of progenitor cells in the HH10 chick brain changes rapidly, accompanied by subtle changes in morphology. This demands increased temporal resolution for studies of the brain at this stage, necessitating precise and unbiased staging. Here, we investigated whether we could train a deep convolutional neural network to sub-stage HH10 chick brains using a small dataset of 151 expertly labelled images. By augmenting our images with biologically informed transformations and data-driven preprocessing steps, we successfully trained a classifier to sub-stage HH10 brains to 87.1% test accuracy. To determine whether our classifier could be generally applied, we re-trained it using images (269) of randomised control and experimental chick wings, and obtained similarly high test accuracy (86.1%). Saliency analyses revealed that biologically relevant features are used for classification. Our strategy enables training of image classifiers for various applications in developmental biology with limited microscopy data.
A Drosophila model targets Eiger/TNFα to alleviate obesity-related insulin resistance and macrophage infiltration
Authors: Mirzoyan Zhasmine , Valenza Alice , Zola Sheri , Bonfanti Carola , Arnaboldi Lorenzo , Ferrari Nicholas , Pollard John , Lupi Valeria , Cassinelli Matteo , Frattaroli Matteo , Sahin Mehtap , Pasini Maria Enrica , Bellosta Paola 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Obesity is associated with various metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation (ATM), characterized by macrophage infiltration into adipose cells. This study presents a new Drosophila model to investigate the mechanisms underlying these obesity-related pathologies. We employed genetic manipulation to reduce ecdysone levels to prolong the larval stage. These animals are hyperphagic and exhibit features resembling obesity in mammals, including increased lipid storage, adipocyte hypertrophy and high circulating glucose levels. Moreover, we observed significant infiltration of immune cells (hemocytes) into the fat bodies, accompanied by insulin resistance. We found that attenuation of Eiger/TNFα signaling reduced ATM and improved insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, using metformin and the antioxidants anthocyanins, we ameliorated both phenotypes. Our data highlight evolutionarily conserved mechanisms allowing the development of Drosophila models for discovering therapeutic pathways in adipose tissue immune cell infiltration and insulin resistance. Our model can also provide a platform to perform genetic screens or test the efficacy of therapeutic interventions for diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Sublimable Surfactant for Carbon Nanotube Dispersion: Effect of the Length of 10-n-Alkyl Side Chains of Flavin on Sublimation
Authors: Kato Yuichi , Sugino Takushi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We investigated the sublimation properties of 10-n-alkyl side chain flavins (n = 4–9, and 12) to address the issue of surfactant residue in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Thermogravimetric analysis under vacuum indicated that the 10-octyl-alkyl side chain flavin sublimated at a lower temperature than the other flavins, with a saturation vapor pressure of 0.1 Pa at 200 °C. This allowed sublimation without the competing thermal reaction. Therefore, the 10-octyl-alkyl side chain flavin is a surfactant that can separate and disperse semiconducting SWNTs for the effective utilization of their electrical properties. Moreover, it can be subsequently removed via sublimation.
Peak Oxygen Consumption (V̇O2peak) Recovery Delay in a Pediatric Fontan Population
Authors: KRZYWDA KAROLINE , TESON KELLI M. , WATSON JESSICA S. , GOUDAR SUMA , FORSHA DANIEL , WAGNER JONATHAN B. , WHITE DAVID A. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Patients with single ventricle heart disease after Fontan palliation are subject to progressive cardiovascular deterioration during adolescence. In this population, a peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) less than 50% of predicted is an independent predictor of Fontan-related morbidity and mortality. A greater delay in postexercise V̇O2 recovery (VO2RD) is associated with worse outcomes in adults with heart failure, however, VO2RD has not been extensively studied in youth with Fontan (single ventricle) physiology.

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify predictors and correlates of VO2RD in youth with Fontan.

Methods
Cardiopulmonary exercise test data was used from a single center, cross-sectional study of children and adolescents (age, 8–21 yr) with Fontan physiology. The VO2RD was determined using time (s) to <90% of V̇O2peak and categorized as “low” (≤10 s) or “high” (≥10 s). t Tests and χ2 analysis were used to compare continuous and categorical variables, respectively.

Results
The analysis sample included 30 adolescents with Fontan physiology (age, 14.2 ± 2.4 yr; 67% male) with either right ventricular (RV) dominant (40%) or co/left ventricular (Co/LV) dominant (60%) systemic ventricular morphology. There were no differences in V̇O2peak between the high and low VO2RD groups (high = 1.3 ± 0.4 L·min−1; low = 1.3 ± 0.3 L·min−1; P = 0.97). VO2RD in participants with RV dominance was significantly greater than in patients with Co/LV dominance (RV = 23.8 ± 15.8 s; Co/LV = 11.8 ± 16.1 s; P = 0.03).

Conclusions
V̇O2peak was not correlated with VO2RD when analyzed as high/low VO2RD groups. However, morphology of the systemic single ventricle (RV vs Co/LV) may be related to rate of recovery in V̇O2 after a peak cardiopulmonary exercise test.
A New Dynamic Programming Approach for Spanning Trees with Chain Constraints and Beyond
Authors: Nägele Martin , Zenklusen Rico 
Published: October 2023

Short spanning trees subject to additional constraints are important building blocks in various approximation algorithms, and moreover, they capture interesting problem settings on their own. Especially in the context of the traveling salesman problem (TSP), new techniques for finding spanning trees with well-defined properties have been crucial in recent progress. We consider the problem of finding a spanning tree subject to constraints on the edges in a family of cuts forming a laminar family of small width. Our main contribution is a new dynamic programming approach in which the value of a table entry does not only depend on the values of previous table entries, as is usually the case, but also on a specific representative solution saved together with each table entry. This allows for handling a broad range of constraint types. In combination with other techniques—including negatively correlated rounding and a polyhedral approach that, in the problems we consider, allows for avoiding potential losses in the objective through the randomized rounding—we obtain several new results. We first present a quasi-polynomial time algorithm for the minimum chain-constrained spanning tree problem with an essentially optimal guarantee. More precisely, each chain constraint is violated by a factor of at most [Formula: see text], and the cost is no larger than that of an optimal solution not violating any chain constraint. The best previous procedure is a bicriteria approximation violating each chain constraint by up to a constant factor and losing another factor in the objective. Moreover, our approach can naturally handle lower bounds on the chain constraints, and it can be extended to constraints on cuts forming a laminar family of constant width. Furthermore, we show how our approach can also handle parity constraints (or, more precisely, a proxy thereof) as used in the context of (path) TSP and one of its generalizations and discuss implications in this context. Funding: This project received funding through the Swiss National Science Foundation [Grants 200021_184622 and P500PT_206742], the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [Grant 817750], and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC 2047/1 [Grant 390685813].
Risk factors for urinary tract infections associated with lower quality of life among intermittent catheter users
Authors: Averbeck Marcio Augusto , Kennelly Michael , Thiruchelvam Nikesh , Konstantinidis Charalampos , Chartier-Kastler Emmanuel , Krassioukov Andrei , Landauro Malene , Jacobsen Lotte , Vaabengaard Rikke , Islamoska Sabrina 
Published: October 2023

Background: Evidence shows that intermittent catheterisation (IC) for bladder emptying is linked to urinary tract infections (UTIs) and poor quality of life (QoL). Aim: To investigate the association between UTI risk factors and QoL and patient-reported UTIs respectively. Methods: A survey was distributed to IC users from 13 countries. Findings: Among 3464 respondents, a significantly poorer QoL was observed when experiencing blood in the urine, residual urine, bowel dysfunction, recurrent UTIs, being female, and applying withdrawal techniques. A lower UTI risk was found when blood was not apparent in urine (RR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.55–0.71), the bladder was perceived empty (RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72-0.96), not having bowel dysfunction (RR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76–0.98), and being male (RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.62–0.79). Conclusion: This study underlines the importance of risk factors and their link to QoL and UTIs, highlighting the need for addressing symptoms before UTIs become problematic.
The risk and prevalence of pressure injuries in older people in the home care service: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bottega Michela , Tempesta Marco , Piovesan Cinzia , Rigo Francesca , Bordignon Johnny , Vedelago Dalmazio , Calo Luca , Marchet Paola , Dorigo Mara , Scarpa Giovanna , Barba Livio Dalla , Coppe Alberto 
Published: October 2023

Objective: This study aimed to understand the risk of developing pressure injuries (PIs) and their prevalence rate in older adults in Italy who received public funded home care services and who were often living alone. Method: In May 2019, a cross-sectional study was performed according to the STROBE (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. The data collection included demographic variables, a PI risk assessment using the Braden Scale score, the type of mobility devices available, the wound description detailing the PI category, body location and ongoing treatment. Data analysis was conducted using non-parametric descriptive statistics. Results: Of the 2223 patients who participated in the study, the risk of developing a PI as measured with the Braden Scale sore was: ‘absent’ for 37.7%; ‘mild’ for 25.8%; ‘moderate’ for 13.8%; ‘high’ for 15.5%; and ‘severe’ for 7.1% of patients. The PI prevalence in the sample of home care service patients was 26%, of which 46% were inpatients with a Braden Scale score of <14. Of the PIs that developed during the study, 65% of these developed in patients in home care and of these, 81% had a Braden Scale score of ≤9. Conclusion: PIs developed not only during hospitalisation but at home. Assessing the commitment of patients and caregivers to PI prevention and treatment strategies in home care services could be key to reducing PI prevalence, hospital admissions for PIs, related complications for older people living at home, and the severity of the PI category.
Laser air plasma expansion by microwaves
Authors: Ikeda Yuji , Soriano Joey Kim , Ohba Hironori , Wakaida Ikuo 
Published: October 2023

Utilizing microlasers and microwaves, our study examined the impact of microwaves on the expansion of air plasma. We applied microwaves to the air plasma generated by a microlaser, visualized its growth using a phone camera, and recorded plasma emissions using a high-resolution spectrometer. Software tools were then used to analyze these emissions for temperature changes and electron density. Notably, we noticed a 400-fold increase in plasma volume due to microwave enhancement, even though the microlaser operated at a modest energy level of 1 mJ. Simultaneously, we recorded an increase in temperature and a decrease in electron density when the plasma was subjected to microwaves, indicative of nonequilibrium plasmas. Further, a minor shift in electron temperature during microwave exposure pointed toward the ability of microwaves to sustain plasma characteristics over time. These findings suggest that the microwave application potentially improves the analytical performance of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.
Associations between soil-transmitted helminth infections and physical activity, physical fitness, and cardiovascular disease risk in primary schoolchildren from Gqeberha, South Africa
Authors: Nqweniso Siphesihle , Walter Cheryl , du Randt Rosa , Adams Larissa , Beckmann Johanna , Coulibaly Jean T. , Dolley Danielle , Joubert Nandi , Long Kurt Z. , Müller Ivan , Nienaber Madeleine , Pühse Uwe , Seelig Harald , Steinmann Peter , Utzinger Jürg , Gerber Markus , Lang Christin 
Published: October 2023

Background/AimSchool-aged children in low- and middle-income countries carry the highest burden of intestinal helminth infections, such as soil-transmitted helminths (STH). STH infections have been associated with negative consequences for child physical and cognitive development and wellbeing. With the epidemiological transition and rise in cardiovascular disease (CVD), studies have shown that helminth infections may influence glucose metabolism by preventing obesity. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the association of STH infections in schoolchildren from Gqeberha, focusing on physical activity, physical fitness, and clustered CVD risk score.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 680 schoolchildren (356 girls and 324 boys; mean age 8.19 years, SD±1.4) from disadvantaged communities in Gqeberha (formerly, Port Elizabeth), South Africa. Stool samples were collected and examined for STH infections using the Kato-Katz method. Physical activity (accelerometer) and physical fitness (grip strength, 20 m shuttle run) were measured using standard procedures. Furthermore, anthropometry, blood pressure, as well as glycated haemoglobin and lipid profile from capillary blood samples were assessed. We employed one-way ANOVAs to identify the associations of STH infections in terms of species and infection intensity with physical activity, physical fitness, and clustered CVD risk score.ResultsWe found a low STH infection prevalence (7.2%) in our study, with participants infected with at least one intestinal helminth species. In comparison to their non-infected peers, children infected with STH had lower mean grip strength scores, but higher mean VO2max estimation and higher levels of MVPA (p < .001). When considering type and intensity of infection, a positive association ofA.lumbricoidesinfection and MVPA was found. In contrast, lightT.trichiura-infected children had significantly lower grip strength scores compared to non and heavily-infected children. VO2max and MVPA were positively associated with lightT.trichiurainfection. No significant association between the clustered CVD risk score and infection with any STH species was evident.ConclusionsSTH-infected children had lower grip strength scores than their non-infected peers, yet, achieved higher VO2max and MVPA scores. Our study highlights that the type and intensity of STH infection is relevant in understanding the disease burden of STH infections on children’s health. The findings of our study must be interpreted cautiously due to the low infection rate, and more research is needed in samples with higher prevalence rates or case-control designs.
Associations between vitamin C intake and serum uric acid in US adults: Findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016
Authors: Yang Yanting , Zheng Sijie , Feng Yunfu 
Published: October 2023

Backgrounds
Dietary factors has been found to influence serum uric acid (SUA) levels. We further explored the associations between dietary and supplemental vitamin C intake and SUA in a large population-based study.

Methods
The cross-sectional study included 6308 participants (3146 males and 3162 females) aged ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2016 in the United States. The dietary vitamin C was log-transformed for statistical analysis. Hyperuricemia was defined as SUA concentrations >420 umol/L in males or >360 umol/L in females. The associations of dietary vitamin C and supplemental vitamin C with SUA levels and hyperuricemia risk were evaluated using weighted linear regression models and weighted multivariate logistic regression models, and a subgroup analysis stratified by gender was also conducted.

Results
In this large-scale database study, there was a negative association between dietary vitamin C (log transformed) and SUA levels in US adults (β = −7.27, 95% CI: −11.58, −2.97). The inverse relationship existed among males but not females (P for interaction = 0.02). There was inverse correlation between dietary vitamin C (log transformed) and hyperuricemia risk (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.81), especially in males compared to females determined through an interaction test (P = 0.04). There were no associations between supplemental vitamin C and SUA levels (β = 1.00 (95% CI: −4.44, 6.44) or hyperuricemia risk (OR = 0.98 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.24). High-dosage supplemental vitamin C (>300 mg) and hyperuricemia risk were not associated (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.69, 1.56).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that there were negative associations between dietary vitamin C and SUA levels and hyperuricemia risk among US adults. The inverse correlations between dietary vitamin C and hyperuricemia risk were more significant in males compared to females. There were no associations between supplemental vitamin C and SUA levels or hyperuricemia risk.
Exploring the roles and functions of champions within community-based interventions to support older adults with chronic conditions: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Kokorelias Kristina M. , Singh Hardeep K. , Abdelhalim Reham , Saragosa Marianne , Fat Guillaume Lim , Sheppard Christine 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundHealth care solutions are needed to meet the need of an ageing population. Health care champions are people who endorse the adoption of new initiatives being implemented within health care settings. Although the role of champions has been cited as key to the success of numerous community-based interventions implemented to improve the care of older adults with chronic conditions, no synthesis of their implementation experiences have been conducted. We report on a scoping review protocol that will be applied to collect evidence on the role of champions within community-based health interventions to support older adults with chronic conditions. Specifically, we will identify how the term ‘champion’ is used and defined (i.e., conceptualized) and identify the roles (i.e., professional background) and functions of champions (i.e., responsibilities). We will also explore how this role impacts program implementation.MethodsThis is a scoping review protocol informed by guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and a six-stage scoping review methodology. Peer-review literature will be retrieved from Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycInfo, Cochrane JBI and Scopus databases, using a peer-reviewed search strategy developed in collaboration with an Information Specialist. The scoping review will consider all empirical studies published in English. Two reviewers will pilot-test the screening criteria and data abstraction forms, and then independently screen the literature. Extracted data will be analyzed numerically and thematically. Self-identified champions will be consulted to refine the practice recommendations from this work.DiscussionThis scoping review will broadly and systematically identify, define and expand existing knowledge on champions’ impact in implementing community-based interventions to support older adults with chronic conditions. We anticipate that our results will lead to a greater understanding of the characteristics and role champions play within these interventions, which will be relevant to a wide range of knowledge users, including researchers, decision-makers, and health care providers.
The effects of exercise training on circulating adhesion molecules in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khalafi Mousa , Symonds Michael E. , Sakhaei Mohammad Hossein , Ghasemi Faeghe 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
The current meta-analysis investigated the effects of exercise training on circulating adhesion molecules i.e. soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) in adults.

Method
PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase were searched to identify original articles, published in English languages journal from inception up to 31 August 2023 that compared the effects of exercise training with non-exercising control on sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 in adults. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CIs were calculated using random-effect models.

Results
Twenty-three studies including 31 intervention arms and involving 1437 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. Exercise training effectively reduced sICAM-1 [SMD: -0.33 (95% CI -0.56 to -0.11), p = 0.004; I2 = 56.38%, p = 0.001; 23 intervention arms]. Subgroup analyses showed that sICAM-1 decreased in adults with age <60 years (p = 0.01) and BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2 (p = 0.002) and those with metabolic disorders (p = 0.004) and cardiovascular diseases (p = 0.005). In addition, aerobic (p = 0.02) and resistance training (p = 0.007) are effective in reducing sICAM-1. However, exercise training did not indicate a superior effect on sVCAM-1 [SMD: -0.12 (95% CI -0.29 to 0.05), p = 0.17; I2 = 36.29%, p = 0.04; 23 intervention arms].

Conclusion
Our results show that exercise training reduces sICAM-1, but not for sVCAM-1, where both aerobic and resistance training is effective in reducing sICAM-1 in adults with metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases.

Trial registration
The current meta-analysis was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero with ID registration number: CRD42023410474.