bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healing, post‐operative morbidity and patient perception of outcomes following regenerative therapy of deep intrabony defects
Authors: Tonetti Maurizio S. , Fourmousis Ioannis , Suvan Jeanie , Cortellini Pierpaolo , Brägger Urs , Lang Niklaus P. ,   on behalf of the European Research Group on Periodontology (ERGOPERIO)
Published: November 2004

AbstractAim: This prospective multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to compare the clinical outcomes of papilla preservation flap surgery with or without the application of enamel matrix derivatives (EMD). This article reports on early healing events, post‐operative morbidity and patient perceptions of the surgical outcomes.Material and Methods: One hundred and seventy‐two patients with advanced chronic periodontitis and at least one intrabony defect of 3 mm were recruited in 12 centres in seven countries (European Research Group on Periodontology (ERGOPERIO)). Papilla preservation flaps were used to obtain access and primary closure. After debridement, and root conditioning, EMD was applied in the test subjects, and omitted in the controls. Healing was monitored 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 weeks after surgery. During the first 12 weeks of healing, supracrestal soft‐tissue density was evaluated with a computer‐assisted densitometric image analysis system (CADIA) using underexposed radiographs taken on a subset of 34 patients. Patient perceptions were evaluated with a questionnaire immediately after the procedure, at suture removal 1 week later and at 1 year.Results: Subjects reported little intraoperative or post‐operative pain or discomfort for both test and controls. Twenty‐four percent of controls and 30% of tests (p=0.64) reported a degree of interference with daily activities for an average of 3 and 3.5 days, respectively. Post‐surgical edema was noted in 25% of tests and 28% of controls. Wound dehiscence in the interdental portion of the flap was uncommon (14% of tests and 12% of controls at week 1) and of limited size. Root sensitivity was the most frequent post‐operative adverse event: it affected 45% of test and 35% of controls (p=0.55). Up to 6 weeks post‐operatively, soft‐tissue densities were significantly higher in subjects treated with EMD with respect to controls. One year after completion of the surgery, patients reported high levels of satisfaction with the outcomes. The most frequently reported benefits included the ability to preserve a tooth/dentition and to maintain/improve chewing ability. The cost and need for frequent follow‐ups were cited as significant drawbacks.Conclusions: This study portrayed the early healing events, pain, discomfort and adverse events of papilla preservation flap surgery and the 1‐year patient perceptions of the benefits and disadvantages of periodontal surgery in intrabony defects. Earlier gains in soft‐tissue density were observed following application of EMD. In terms of patient‐centered outcomes, however, both procedures performed in a similar manner.
Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction versus culture: a comparison between two methods for the detection and quantification of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythensis in subgingival plaque samples
Authors: Lau Laura , Sanz Mariano , Herrera David , Morillo Juan Manuel , Martín Conchita , Silva Augusto 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this investigation was to validate a real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in identifying and quantifying Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythensis from subgingival plaque samples taken from subjects with different periodontal conditions, when compared with conventional cultural procedures.Patients and Methods: Ninety‐two adult subjects participated in this study, 32 with periodontitis, 30 with gingivitis and 30 healthy. A pooled subgingival sample was obtained from every patient. Culturing procedures were carried out using standard techniques. For real‐time PCR analysis, primers were selected from sequences of the LktC (A. actinomycetemcomitans), Arg‐gingipain (P. gingivalis) and BspA antigen (T. forsythensis) genes. Contingency tables were constructed to compare the qualitative results, while quantitative data were evaluated by paired t‐test.Results: A. actinomycetemcomitans was the least frequently recovered species with both techniques. Prevalence of P. gingivalis was low in healthy patients, increased in gingivitis and peaked in periodontitis patients. The frequency of detection of T. forsythensis showed marked differences between culture and PCR, although the same tendency of an increase in prevalence from health to gingivitis and to periodontitis was observed with both methods. Contingency tables demonstrated a good level of agreement between PCR and culture procedures for A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, especially in periodontitis patients. P. gingivalis culture counts were significantly higher than those obtained by PCR. The opposite was true for T. forsythensis, and statistically significant higher counts were obtained by PCR for gingivitis and periodontitis patients.Conclusion: This study demonstrated a good agreement between the quantitative PCR technology and the culture procedure. The high sensitivity and specificity of the quantitative PCR technology justify its use in epidemiological studies and as an adjunct in clinical diagnosis of periodontal patients.
Comparative effects of different chlorhexidine mouth‐rinse formulations on volatile sulphur compounds and salivary bacterial counts
Authors: Roldán Silvia , Herrera David , Santa‐Cruz Isabel , O'Connor Ana , González Itziar , Sanz Mariano 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAim: To compare five different commercial mouth rinses with chlorhexidine (CHX) with respect to their anti‐halitosis effect and anti‐microbial activity on salivary bacterial counts, following a standardised research protocol. And secondly, to validate the study model proposed in the evaluation of patients suffering from halitosis.Patients and Methods: Ten volunteers, with a healthy oral status, were enrolled in a double‐blind, cross‐over design, using sterile saline as negative control and five CHX‐containing mouth rinses: 0.12% CHX alone (CHX+NO), plus alcohol (CHX+ALC), plus 0.05% cetylpiridinium chloride (CHX+CPC), plus sodium fluoride (CHX+NaF), and 0.05% CHX plus 0.05% CPC, plus 0.14% zinc lactate (CHX+Zn). The levels of whole‐mouth volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) were measured by means of a sulphide monitor at baseline, 1 and 5 h after rinsing with the assigned product. Baseline measurements also included an organoleptic assessment and the recording of the tongue‐coating index. Aerobic and anaerobic salivary bacterial counts were also obtained by collecting unstimulated saliva samples at the same evaluation times, and processed by culturing techniques. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate whether significant differences existed among groups, at each evaluation point, or in changes between evaluations.Results: No significant differences were detected at baseline, with VSC levels ranging between 190 and 227 parts per billion (p.p.b.) After rinsing, VSC levels were reduced with all products (except saline), after 1 h. Significant differences at 1 h were detected (p=0.04), corresponding to a lower amount of p.p.b. (109) in (CHX+Zn) as compared with the other groups (except CHX+NO). At 5 h, VSC levels were lower for CHX+CPC and CHX+Zn (155 and 169, respectively), while the other groups showed levels higher than 220 p.p.b. With respect to aerobic salivary bacterial counts, CHX+CPC demonstrated the lowest percentage of survival (6% after 1 h and 18% after 5 h). For anaerobic bacterial counts, again CHX+CPC demonstrated the lowest percentage of survival (10% at 1 h and 23% at 5 h), together with CHX+ALC (18% of survival at 5 h). However, salivary counts and VSCs were only significantly correlated at baseline, but not after treatment.Conclusion: Important differences can be expected from different CHX formulations, in relation to both their anti‐halitosis effect and anti‐microbial activity in saliva. Formulations that combine CHX and CPC achieved the best results, and a formulation combining CHX with NaF resulted in the poorest.
The clinical course of chronic periodontitis
Authors: Schätzle Marc , Löe Harald , Lang Niklaus P. , Bürgin Walter , Ånerud Åge , Boysen Hans 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAim: The purpose of this study was to assess the long‐term influence of gingival inflammation on tooth loss.Material and Methods: The data originated from a 26‐year longitudinal study of Norwegian males, who practiced adequate daily oral home care and received “state‐of‐the‐art” dental care. The initial examination in 1969 included 565 individuals aged between 16 and 34 years. Subsequent examinations took place in 1971, 1973, 1975, 1981, 1988 and 1995. Thus, the study covers the age range of 16–59 years. The teeth were divided into three tooth groups (I–III) reflecting the history of inflammation of the surrounding gingiva (gingival index (GI) scores) over 26 years: (I) teeth with surrounding gingival units scoring a minimum of one site with GI=0 and a maximum of three sites with GI=1, (II) teeth with surrounding gingival units scoring a minimum of one site with GI=1 and a maximum of three sites with GI=2 over the observation periods and (III) teeth with surrounding gingival units always scoring a minimum of GI=2 (bleeding on probing) at all sites over the observation period.Results: At baseline (1969), out of possible 15,820 teeth (565 × 28), 15,383 teeth were present. Four hundred and thirty‐seven teeth had already been missing for unknown reasons. By 1995, 13,159 teeth were reexamined, i.e. over the 26‐year observation period only 126 (0.95%) teeth were lost. Only 16 (0.28%) of 5793 teeth belonging to GI‐Severity Group I were lost. In the GI‐Severity Group II, however, 78 (2.28%) out of 3348 teeth were lost, and 13 (11.21%) of 103 teeth with GI‐Severity Group III were lost. Teeth with GI‐Severity Group III yielded an odds ratio for tooth loss that was 46 times higher than that of teeth with GI‐Severity Group I, and five times higher than that of teeth with GI‐Severity Group II over 26 years. Furthermore, teeth with the GI‐Severity Group II had a nine times higher risk for tooth loss than teeth with the GI‐Severity Group I.The GI‐Severity Group I retained 99.5% of the teeth after a tooth age of 51 years. The GI‐Severity Group II retained 93.8% of the teeth after a tooth age of 50 years. However, in the GI‐Severity Group III, 63.4% of the teeth were retained for a tooth age of 47 years.Conclusions: Teeth surrounded with inflammation‐free gingival tissues were maintained for a tooth age of 51 years, while teeth consistently surrounded with inflamed gingivae yielded a 46‐times higher risk to be lost. Only two‐thirds of such teeth were maintained throughout the 26‐year observation period. This documents the role of gingival inflammation as a risk factor for future tooth loss.
RELAXED INORDER HEAPS
Authors: KHOONG C.M. , LEONG H.W. 
Published: November 2004

In this paper, we introduce a new variant of implicit heaps, called relaxed inorder heaps. The structure is semi-implicit due to the use of 1 extra bit per node to maintain heap order and the allowance of some systematically controlled extra space. We show that relaxed inorder heaps are asymptotically more efficient than other known variants of implicit heaps. In particular, relaxed inorder heaps are especially efficient for heap merging and splitting operations, which are known to be problematic operations for implicit heaps. Using amortized analysis, we derive several improved time bounds. Heap creation can be done in O(n) comparisons and node movements. Finding the minimum node and node insertion can each be done in O(1) comparisons and node movements. Key updating and node deletion can each be done in O(log n) comparisons and node movements. As for merging, we show that O(1) comparisons and 2k+O(1) node movements are sufficient for merging two heaps of sizes n and k. For splitting, we show that O(log n) comparisons and 1.5k+O(log n) node movements are sufficient for splitting an n-node implicit heap into two heaps of sizes k and n−k. The amount of extra space in a relaxed inorder heap is O(log n) if splitting does not occur, and O(n) otherwise. The significance of our results is that small sophistication in the structure of implicit heaps can produce large improvements in efficiency. We have implemented the algorithms for operations on relaxed inorder heaps. The simulation results strongly indicate that relaxed inorder heaps are practical, since the constant factors recorded for the heap operations are all very small.
USING COHERENT PULSE WIDTH AND EDGE MODULATIONS IN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL SYSTEMS
Authors: REYNERI L. M. , CHIABERGE M. , DEL CORSO D. 
Published: November 2004

This paper describes an existing silicon implementation of an artificial neural system based on coherent pulse width and edge modulation techniques. A chip set with different neural functions has been conceived, manufactured and tested. Neural circuits have been optimized for lowest computation energy and highest reconfigurability. The main device is a 32 × 32 synaptic array consuming 10 mW of power at 140 MCPS. Synapsis size is about 7.200 μ m 2 using a standard 1.5 μm CMOS technology. The problem of interfacing robotic sensors and actuators is addressed: voltage, current and resistance-based sensors are considered for the measurement of physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, strain, etc. Low resolution imaging sensors for robotic vision are also considered.
PULSED LOW POWER CMOS
Authors: GABARA THAD 
Published: November 2004

A simple CMOS circuit technique called PPS (Pulsed Power Supply) CMOS is used to reduce the power dissipation of Conventional 0.9 μm CMOS by 10X when operated at 32 MHz. Combinational and sequential logic can utilize this technique including the I/O (input/output) buffers. Thus, PPS CMOS offers a full chip solution for low power dissipation CMOS. In addition, several advantages occur in this new circuit technique: (1) low power signal propagation through several gates in series can occur during each evaluation cycle; (2) crowbar current does not occur; (3) additional placed devices, i.e. bipolar, diodes, JFETs are not required to generate this low power capability; (4) the Conventional CMOS process is used to fabricate the circuit; (5) the same physical layout can be used either as a PPS CMOS circuit or as a Conventional CMOS circuit; (6) the device count is the same as that of Conventional CMOS; (7) PPS CMOS uses quasistatic logic levels; (8) capacitive coupling is used to store and restore the contents of a memory cell; (9) the parasitic diodes of the MOS devices are used to improve the noise margin of the circuit; (10) PPS CMOS can easily hold a static state and have the same low power dissipation properties of data inactive Conventional CMOS.
AN OPTIMAL ALGORITHM FOR THE DINING PHILOSOPHERS PROBLEM
Authors: PERSIANO GIUSEPPE 
Published: November 2004

We present a very simple new distributed algorithm for the classical Dining Philosophers problem. Our algorithm is the first algorithm with the following important properties: (1) It is fully distributed; i.e., there is no central memory or central process to which every other process may have access. (2) It is symmetric; i.e., all processes behave identically, and do not use any process identifiers. (3) It has a response time ≤ 3ℓ, independent of the size of the ring, where ℓ is an upper bound on the time a resource may be used by a process. Moreover, we establish the optimality of our algorithm with respect to this last measure by proving that no distributed algorithm can guarantee a response time less than 3ℓ.
ANNULAR EFFECT AND OTHER PATTERNS OF CURRENT DISTRIBUTION IN POINT CONTACTS
Authors: LYSYKH A. A. , ZASETSKY G. V. , BAGATSKY V. M. , YANSON I. K. 
Published: November 2004

The experiments with point-contacts, containing type-II superconductors, gave possibility to study the conditions with different current density distributions in contact cross-section. The current density is constant over the cross-section of pure contacts with the ballistic electron transport: d < < li, where d is the contact diameter, li is the impurity (elastic) mean free path of electrons. A uniform current flow also occurs in contacts between pure electrodes separated with a thin layer of a metal (t < < d) having high resistivity. In dirty contacts (d > > li) an annular effect is observed: the current density is low in the centre and the highest at the contact section periphery. The relative width of the annulus of the flowing current is proportional to li/d. In contacts between two type-II superconductors in the zero external magnetic field, the current first flows over an annulus, whose width increases with the current. In the critical state preceding the superconductivity destruction in the contact, the current density reaches its highest value in the center and decreases towards the periphery as r−1/2.
MICROSTRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF Sm2Fe17NNx−ALLOY- POWDERS AND OF BONDED ANISOTROPIC MAGNETS
Authors: WALL B. , KATTER M. , RODEWALD W. , VELICESCU M. 
Published: November 2004

In cast Sm2Fe17 ingots minor fractions of SmFe2 and SmFe3 may occur. Nitrogenation of such alloy-powders inidicates that only Sm2Fe17 forms an interstitial solid solution whereas SmFe2 and SmFe3 decompose directly into SmN and α-Fe. From Sm2Fe17Nx alloy powders with an average particle size of about 3 μm anisotropic magnets were prepared by adding 15 wt% Zn-powder. Annealing at 390 ºC results in intrinsic coercivities > 15 kOe promoted by the formation of an unknown binary Fe8Zn92-compound. Whereas annealing at temperatures > 420 ºC leads to the formation of binary Fe3Zn7 and ternary Sm2FeZn2. By the formation of Sm2FeZn2 from Sm2Fe17Nx+Zn some α-Fe occurs inducing a step in the demagnetization curve J(H).
AN INTRODUCTION TO YANGIAN SYMMETRIES
Authors: BERNARD DENIS 
Published: November 2004

We review some aspects of the quantum Yangians as symmetry algebras of two-dimensional quantum field theories. The plan of these notes is the following: 1 — The classical Heisenberg model: •Non-Abelian symmetries; •The generators of the symmetries and the semi-classical Yangians; •An alternative presentation of the semi-classical Yangians; (Digression on Poisson-Lie groups. 2 — The quantum Heisenberg chain: •Non-Abelian symmetries and the quantum Yangians; •The transfer matrix and an alternative presentation of the Yangians.
IMAGE RETRIEVAL USING FUZZY EVALUATION OF COLOR SIMILARITY
Authors: BINAGHI ELISABETTA , GAGLIARDI ISABELLA , SCHETTINI RAIMONDO 
Published: November 2004

The paper describes the design and implementation of an information retrieval system using color as the index in its color image archive. Salient aspects of this approach are the use of direct visual representation of color in querying and of fuzzy set theory to formally represent intrinsic human uncertainty in evaluating the similarity between colors (query interpretation). The steps in which the information retrieval strategy is organized are illustrated, and an example of its application given, showing how the implemented system can be tailored to manage archives of images representing fabric samples.
ANALYSIS OF FORM IMAGES
Authors: WANG DACHENG , SRIHARI SARGUR N. 
Published: November 2004

Automatic analysis of images of forms is a problem of both practical and theoretical interest; due to its importance in office automation, and due to the conceptual challenges posed for document image analysis, respectively. We describe an approach to the extraction of text, both typed and handwritten, from scanned and digitized images of filled-out forms. In decomposing a filled-out form into three basic components of boxes, line segments and the remainder (handwritten and typed characters, words, and logos), the method does not use a priori knowledge of form structure. The input binary image is first segmented into small and large connected components. Complex boxes are decomposed into elementary regions using an approach based on key-point analysis. Handwritten and machine-printed text that touches or overlaps guide lines and boxes are separated by removing lines. Characters broken by line removal are rejoined using a character patching method. Experimental results with filled-out forms, from several different domains (insurance, banking, tax, retail and postal) are given.
THE SPATIAL DILEMMAS OF EVOLUTION
Authors: NOWAK MARTIN A. , MAY ROBERT M. 
Published: November 2004

Evolutionary game theory can be extended to include spatial dimensions. The individual players are placed in a two-dimensional spatial array. In each round every individual “plays the game” with its immediate neighbours. After this, each site is occupied by its original owner or by one of the neighbours, depending on who scored the highest payoff. These rules specify a deterministic cellular automaton. We find that spatial effects can change the outcome of frequency dependent selection. Strategies may coexist that would not coexist in homogeneous populations. Spatial games have interesting mathematical properties. There are static or chaotically changing patterns. For symmetrical starting conditions we find “dynamical fractals” and “evolutionary kaleidoscopes.” There is a new world to be explored.
USING COARSE-GRAINED MEASURES TO CHARACTERIZE ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC SIGNALS
Authors: RAPP P.E. , GOLDBERG G. , ALBANO A.M. , JANICKI M.B. , MURPHY D. , NIEMEYER E. , JIMÉNEZ-MONTAÑO M.A. 
Published: November 2004

Human electromyograms were obtained from normal muscle and from spontaneously fibrillating, denervated muscle, and the time intervals between spikes in electrical activity were measured. The entropy and measures related to the entropy were used to examine these data. We have achieved a statistically significant discrimination between normal and denervated muscle (p<0.0002) using a measure (the second moment of the distribution) that requires less than 200 consecutive interspike intervals in a calculation that requires less than 2 milliseconds. This suggests that real time monitoring may be feasible. The range of values obtained for the second moment for the two conditions (normal versus denervated) did not overlap. Complete separation was achieved. A measure analogous to the two-dimensional product of inertia which is sensitive to dynamical structure in the data was also calculated. Again, complete separation of values obtained in the two cases was observed. Further research is required to determine if these measures can aid in the differential diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders and in the longitudinal assessment of the efficacy of treatment. In this review we also establish the relationships between conventional statistical measures and the limiting values of coarse grained measures obtained as the number of elements in the partition approaches infinity.