bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bovine T-lymphocyte lines reactive with Brucella abortus
Authors: Smith Roger , Kapatsa Joyce C. , Rosenbaum Betty A. , Adams L. Garry 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Bovine T-cell lines reactive with Brucella abortus were established by repeated stimulation with B abortus and mitomycin C-treated autologous antigen-presenting cells. Representative results were obtained, using 33 cell lines from 14 cows. Cultures responded to the virulent laboratory strain 2308, the vaccine strain 19, and the rough mutant strain RB51 in thymidine-incorporation assays. The cells in these cultures required antigen-presenting cells for their response to B abortus. Autologous antigen-presenting cells were optimal for most lines tested, although some T-cell lines could respond to B abortus in the presence of some, but not all, allogeneic antigen-presenting cells. The cell lines expressed cell surface markers characteristics of activated bovine T cells. Of the cell lines tested for expression of cluster-determinant (CD) 4 and CD8 cell surface antigens, no cells in any cultures expressed the bovine CD8 equivalent, but all cultures included CD4+ cells in variable amounts. Some cell lines consisted of up to 50% CD2+CD4-CD8- cells. None of the cell lines tested expressed surface immunoglobulin or other bovine B-cell markers. Thus, these long-term cell lines appear to include 2 T-lymphocyte subsets: the helper/inducer subset and a second subset expressing a phenotype similar to major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted cytolytic cells in other species.
Effects of antibiotics on phagocyte recruitment, function, and morphology in the bovine mammary gland during the early nonlactating period
Authors: Lintner T.J. , Eberhart R. J. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The effects of 2 antibiotic preparations administered intramammarily on phagocyte recruitment, function, and morphology were evaluated at the beginning of the nonlactating period. Twelve cows with no clinical or microbiologic evidence of mastitis were assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups. At the end of lactation, 1 of the antibiotic preparations was infused in a fore- and hind quarter of each cow; the remaining quarters were untreated controls. One group was given benzathine cephapirin; the second group was given sodium novobiocin. Secretion samples were collected from 1 treated and 1 control quarter at 16 hours, and from the remaining 2 quarters at 64 hours after treatment. Total and differential somatic cell counts were determined, and morphology of mammary polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) and macrophages was observed by transmission electron microscopy. In vitro ingestion and killing of Staphylococcus aureus by mammary pmn and macrophages were assessed by fluorescent microscopy, using acridine orange stain. Cells resident in a fixed volume of secretion were incubated with a known concentration of S aureus.
Total cell and pmn concentrations were higher in treated than in control quarters. Neutrophils were the predominant cell type in both treated and control quarters over the sampling period. As measured in this study, in vitro ingestion and killing of S aureus by individual pmn from treated quarters was reduced. Antibiotic treatment also increased the proportion of morphologically abnormal phagocytes. There were significant correlations among pmn ingestion, killing, and morphology. However, increased pmn concentrations tended to compensate for the reduced phagocytic function of individual cells. Therefore, efficacy of antibiotic treatment of nonlactating cows may depend, at least in part, on increased pmn concentration, which may tend to compensate for reduced phagocytic function. Compared with pmn, macrophages appeared to have only a minor role in phagocytosis of bacteria.
Bovine monoclonal antibodies specific for bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein gIII
Authors: Srikumaran S. , Onisk D. V. , Zamb T. J. , Osorio F. A. , Rice D. N. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Spleen cells from a calf immunized with bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) were fused with the nonsecreting murine cell line SP2/0. Several bovine-murine hybridomas secreting bovine immunoglobulins were stabilized. Of these, 9 hybridomas secreted bovine monoclonal antibodies that specifically bound to BHV-1 in a radioimmunoassay. Two of these monoclonal antibodies reacted specifically with BHV-1 in an indirect fluorescent antibody test and immunoprecipitated a BHV-1 glycoprotein with molecular mass of 97 kilodaltons.
Hemodynamic responses of the equine digit to intravenous and digital arterial infusion of dopamine
Authors: Hunt Robert J. , Moore James N. , Allen Douglas 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
In 6 adult horses anesthetized with pentobarbital, the hemodynamic responses of the equine digit to infusion of dopamine were evaluated by use of an isolated extra corporeal pump perfused digital preparation. Digital blood flow was maintained at a constant rate that was independent of systemic hemodynamic changes. Three sequential experiments were performed on each horse. In the first experiment (n = 6), dopamine was infused iv at rates of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 μg/kg/min. For the second experiment (n = 5), dopamine (400 μg/ml) was infused into the digital artery at the rates of 0.07, 0.7, and 1.2 ml/min. The third experiment (n = 5) consisted of a 5-minute intra-arterial infusion of phentoalamine followed by the intra-arterial infusion of dopamine while continuing the infusion of phentolamine. Digital venous, arterial, and capillary pressures, total digital vascular resistance, and precapillary to postcapillary resistance ratios were determined in each experiment.
Systemic infusion of dopamine did not induce changes in the hemodynamics of the digital vasculature. Digital arterial infusion of dopamine alone resulted in a dosedependent increase in arterial pressure, total digital vascular resistance, and an increase in the precapillary to postcapillary resistance ratio. Phentolamine attenuated the vasoconstrictive response elicited by intra-arterial infusion of dopamine.
Glucose conservation by the kidney and effect of systemic glucose infusion on inulin clearance in female goats
Authors: Brown Scott A. , Barsanti Jeanne A. , Finco Delmar R. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
In 6 female goats, the mean threshold for glucosuria was 159.5 ± 4.3 mg/dl. During increasing filtered loads of glucose, renal reabsorption of glucose reached maximal capacity, which was not exceeded when plasma glucose concentration was increased further. Measured in 10 female goats, the transport maximum for glucose was 119.1 ± 9.1 mg of glucose reabsorbed/min. During infusion of glucose, there was a significant (P < 0.05) time-dependent reduction in inulin clearance indicating that IV glucose administration may be inappropriate in goats with compromised renal function.
Effect of halothane, isoflurane, and pentobarbital anesthesia on myocardial irritability in chickens
Authors: Greenlees Kevin J. , Clutton Richard E. , Larsen Calvert T. , Eyre Peter 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The relative myocardial irritant properties of halothane, isoflurane, and pentobarbital were evaluated in chickens. Sixteen adult male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: group-1 chickens were anesthetized with pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, iv), group-2 chickens were anesthetized with halothane (end tidal halothane 1.2%), and group-3 chickens were anesthetized with isoflurane (end tidal isoflurane 2.1%). Birds in any 2 of the 3 treatment groups were tested on any 1 day. Local anesthesia was induced, and blood pressure, heart rate, ecg, and blood gas variables were measured before general anesthesia was induced. Positive-pressure ventilation with an inspired O2 fraction > 0.95 was adjusted to result in an end tidal CO2 concentration that reflected a PaCO2 similar to that obtained prior to anesthesia and ventilation. All measurements were repeated. The threshold for ventricular fibrillation in response to electrical stimulation of the heart was then determined for all birds. Effects of anesthesia on hemodynamic and blood gas variables were similar in all 3 groups. Compared with halothane or pentobarbital, isoflurane anesthesia resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05) lower threshold for electrical fibrillation of the heart.
Mast cell numbers in normal and glaucomatous canine eyes
Authors: Louden Calvert , Render J.A. , Carlton W.W. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Numbers of mast cells in the cornea, sclera, choroid, ciliary body, iris, and retina of sections of globes from 35 clinically normal dogs and 34 dogs with secondary glaucoma was determined. Fixed globes were trimmed along a vertical midsagittal plane and embedded in paraffin. Tissue sections, approximately 6 μm thick, were stained with toluidine blue for identification of mast cells. In normal globes, most of the mast cells were observed in the anterior portion of the uvea, and fewer mast cells were seen in the choroid and sclera. Mast cells were not observed in the retina and were seldom observed in the cornea of dogs with or without glaucoma. In sections of glaucomatous globes, mast cells were distributed evenly in the uvea and sclera, and fewer mast cells were present than in normal globes, regardless of the cause of glaucoma.
Clinical and lymphohematologic responses after bone marrow transplantation in sibling and unrelated donor-recipient pairs of cats
Authors: Cain Janice L. , Cain Gary R. , Turrel Jane M. , Theilen Gordon H. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Conditions necessary for establishment of a graft, post-transplant supportive care and complications, and lymphohematopoietic reconstitution after bone marrow transplantation were evaluated in 7 cats. Donor-recipient pairs were selected on the basis of low mutual reactivity in one-way mixed lymphocyte reactions. Before transplantation, cats were given marrow ablative (7 Gray) total-body gamma irradiation. Cyclosporine A was administered to cat 7, which was given marrow from an unrelated donor. Rapid hematologic recovery was attained in 5 of 5 (cats 1 to 5) sibling bone marrow recipients and 1 (cat 7; cyclosporine A-treated) of 2 recipients from unrelated donors. Lymphocyte recovery was prolonged, requiring up to 100 days to attain reference concentrations. Lymphocyte blastogenic responses were below reference range in 2 of 3 cats (cats 1 and 3) examined approximately 1 to 3 months after transplantation. Serum IgG concentrations determined 1 to 6 months after transplantation were within reference range in cats 1 to 5 which were given sibling bone marrow. Fatal infections did not develop in cats that had established grafts. Antimicrobial-responsive fevers did develop, but were generally detected only when granulocyte counts were low (< 1 × 109 cells/L). Clinical signs of disease in the immediate posttransplant period consisted of hepatic lipidosis (fatal) in cat 4, hepatitis (mild graft-vs-host disease) in cat 3, and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia in cat 7. Cats with hepatitis and immune-mediated disease responded to immunosuppressive therapy.
Standardized exercise test and daily heart rate responses of Thoroughbreds undergoing conventional race training and detraining
Authors: Foreman Jonathan H. , Bayly Warwick M. , Grant Barrie D. , Gollnick Philip D. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Ten healthy sedentary male Thoroughbreds with previous race training experience were studied for 14 weeks. Horses were trained for 9 weeks, using a program designed after those used commonly in the United States. Horses were trained conventionally by slow trotting (250 m/min) for 2 weeks and galloping (390 to 450 m/min) for 4 weeks, followed by 3 weeks of galloping (440 to 480 m/min) and intermittent sprinting exercises (breezes) at distances between 600 and 1,000 m (900 to 950 m/min). The horses were then pasture rested for 5 weeks.
A standardized exercise test (set) involving an 800-m gallop at 800 m/min was administered before and after the 9-week training period and after the 5-week detraining period. Heart rate (hr) was monitored during exercise and at standardized intervals after exercise for 60 minutes. Venous blood for determination of plasma lactate concentration was obtained at 5 minutes after exercise.
Heart rate was monitored daily at rest, during exercise, and through the first 60 minutes of recovery. Venous plasma samples (for lactate determination) were obtained 5 minutes after the sprinting exercises. Horses were observed daily before exercise for signs of lameness and were not allowed to train if lame.
Differences after 9 weeks’ training were seen in the set recovery hr at 0.5 through 5 minutes after exercise (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01). Differences after detraining were seen in the set recovery hr at 40 and 60 minutes after exercise (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01). Neither training nor detraining resulted in differences in plasma lactate concentration after the set gallop.
A training-induced resting bradycardia was not observed. The mean maximal hr (hrmax) during workouts was 238 ± 3.4 beats/min (n = 9). When exercise hr was expressed as a function of hrmax, 22% of trotting, 89% of galloping, and 100% of sprinting workouts were performed at the ≥ 60% hrmax. value characterized by the onset of blood lactate accumulation. Plasma lactate concentration further documented that all the sprinting exercises were performed with concentration above the point of onset of blood lactate accumulation. Mean postsprinting lactate concentration was not different over time and ranged from 13.4 ± 0.9 to 15.6 ± 0.6 mmol/L
As training progressed, some of the horses had days on which they were lame after exercise. Some lameness was judged sufficient to warrant phenylbutazone (pbz) administration. Retrospective analysis of the daily hr data indicated that there were no differences in hr during workouts for lame horses given pbz, compared with those not given pbz. Using analysis of variance, hr for horses that were lame during workouts was significantly higher than that for horses that were sound during workouts, during and 0.5 minutes after trotting; 0.5, 1, 2, 20, 40, and 60 minutes after galloping; and 0.5 and 20 minutes after sprinting (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).
Compensatory increase in calcium extrusion activity of untreated lymphocytes from swine susceptible to malignant hyperthermia
Authors: O'Brien Peter James , Kalow Barbara I. , Ali Nardia , Lassaline Laurie A. , Lumsden John H. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
We tested the hypothesis that lymphocytes from swine with susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia (mh) had calcium extrusion activity higher than unaffected swine. Cytoplasmic concentration of ionized calcium was determined by use of dual emission spectrofluorometry and measurement of the ratio of free to calcium-bound form of the fluorescent calcium dye indo-1. Net calcium accumulation and unidirectional calcium extrusion rate were dependent on intracellular calcium concentration. Calcium extrusion from calcium-loaded lymphocytes was monitored while calcium influx was inhibited by suspending the cells in calcium-free medium with a calcium chelator. Net calcium accumulation of untreated lymphocytes was monitored in calcium-replete medium. A novel method of calculation of ionized calcium was used. This method confirmed our previous findings of lower ionized calcium concentration (86 ± 40 and 370 ± 216 nmol/L; P < 0.01) and slower rates of calcium accumulation 39 ± 16 and 127 ± 52 nmol/L/min) in untreated lymphocytes from mh-susceptible swine compared with controls. These changes were attributable to calcium extrusion activity two- to three-fold higher in lymphocytes of mh-susceptible swine (154 ± 36 and 408 ± 47 nmol/L/min at 175 nmol/L; 972 ± 111 and 1,690 ± 505 nmol/L/min at 425 nmol/L). These data were compatible with our model of higher calcium extrusion activity being a compensatory adaptation of mh-susceptible swine lymphocytes to their hypersensitivity to stimuli that increase cytoplasmic calcium concentration.
Reference intervals for feline cerebrospinal fluid: Cell counts and cytologic features
Authors: Rand Jacqueline S. , Parent Joane , Jacobs Robert , Percy Dean 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Reference intervals for feline csf cell counts and cytologic variables were determined. Values were derived from 58 adult cats that had normal neurologic examination findings and did not have histologic lesions of the cns. Effect of age or gender was not apparent for any csf variable, and no csf variable was significantly correlated with its corresponding blood value. Total wbc count and neutrophil and eosinophil percentages were positively correlated with the csf rbc count. Thus, proposed reference intervals for feline csf were derived from 33 cats with csf rbc count of < 31 cells/ul. Data for csf samples with range between 31 and 1,700 rbc/μl were also determined. Erythrocyte count was not significantly different in csf collected, using 20- or 22-gauge spinal needles.
Reference intervals for feline cerebrospinal fluid: Biochemical and serologic variables, IgG concentration, and electrophoretic fractionation
Authors: Rand Jacqueline S. , Parent Joane , Jacobs Robert , Johnson Roger 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Reference intervals are reported for feline csf biochemical and serologic variables, IgG concentration, and electrophoretic fractionation, derived from 58 clinically normal adult cats that did not have histologic lesions of the cns. There was no apparent effect of age on any variable. The csf total protein concentration was significantly (P = 0.012) greater in males than in females, but all other variables were unaffected by gender. The only variable that had a statistically significant correlation with its corresponding blood concentration was IgG. Blood contamination of thecsf affected the following csf variables: total protein concentration, activities of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase, IgG ratio, and γ-globulin percentage. The reference intervals proposed for feline csf were derived from 33 cats with csf rbc count < 31 cells/μl. Reference limits for csf with 31 to 1,700 rbc/μl also are reported.
Cardiopulmonary effects of butorphanol tartrate intravenously administered for placement of duodenal cannulae in isoflurane-anesthetized yearling steers
Authors: Cornick J. L. , Hartsfield S. M. , Taylor T. S. , Jacobson J. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Cardiopulmonary effects of iv administered butorphanol tartrate (but) were assessed in 7 yearling steers medicated with atropine and anesthetized with guaifenesin, thiamylal sodium, and isoflurane in O2 for surgical placement of duodenal cannulae. Heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressures, pHa, Paco2, Pao2 arterial [HCO3-], esophageal temperature, and end-tidal isoflurane concentrations were measured before and after iv administration of but (10 mg).
Mean respiratory rate increased significantly (P < 0.05) only at 45 and 60 minutes after but administration. Mean respiratory rate was 26 ± 6.3 breaths/min before but administration and 46 ± 12.1 breaths/min 60 minutes after but administration. Arterial blood pressures were increased significantly (P < 0.05) at all times, except 5 minutes after but administration. The mean value for mean arterial pressure was 76 ± 9.6 mm of Hg before but injection and 117 ± 12.6 mm of Hg 60 minutes after but injection. Mean values for pHa and arterial [HCO3-] were significantly (P < 0.05) higher at 60 minutes after but administration (baseline, pH = 7.25 ± 0.04 and [HCO3-] = 29.9 ± 3.5 mEq/L; 60 minutes after but, pH = 7.28 ± 0.03 and [HCO3-] = 33.0 ± 1.8 mEq/L). Although some statistically significant changes were recorded, iv administration of but to these steers did not have a marked effect on the cardiopulmonary variables measured.
Pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin in dogs after single intravenous and single and multiple oral administrations of the drug
Authors: Brown Scott Anthony , Cooper Jonathan , Gauze Johna J. , Greco Deborah S. , Weise Dale W. , Buck Joan M. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Norfloxacin was given to 6 healthy dogs at a dosage of 5 mg/kg of body weight iv and orally in a complete crossover study, and orally at dosages of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg to 6 healthy dogs in a 3-way crossover study. For 24 hours, serum concentration was monitored serially after each administration. Another 6 dogs were given 5 mg of norfloxacin/kg orally every 12 hours for 14 days, and serum concentration was determined serially for 12 hours after the first and last administration of the drug. Complete blood count and serum biochemical analysis were performed before and after 14 days of oral norfloxacin administration, and clinical signs of drug toxicosis were monitored twice daily during norfloxacin administration. Urine concentration of norfloxacin was determined periodically during serum acquisition periods. Norfloxacin concentration was determined, using high-performance liquid chromatography with a limit of detection of 25 ng of norfloxacin/ml of serum or urine.
Serum norfloxacin pharmacokinetic values after single iv dosing in dogs were best modeled, using a 2-compartment open model, with distribution and elimination half-lives of 0.467 and 3.56 hours (harmonic means), respectively. Area-derived volume of distribution (Vd area) was 1.77 ± 0.69 L/kg (arithmetic mean ± sd), and serum clearance (ClS) was 0.332 ± 0.115 L/h/kg. Mean residence time was 4.32 ± 0.98 hour. Comparison of the area under the curve (AUC; derived, using model-independent calculations) after iv administration (5 mg/kg) with AUC after oral administration (5 mg/kg) in the same dogs indicated bioavailability of 35.0 ± 46.1%, with a mean residence time after oral administration of 5.71 ± 2.24 hours.
Urine concentration was 33.8 ± 15.3 μg/ml at 4 hours after a single dose of 5 mg/kg given orally, whereas concentration after 20 mg/kg was given orally was 56.8 ± 18.0 μg/ml at 6 hours after dosing. Twelve hours after drug administration, urine concentration was 47.4 ± 20.6 μg/ml after the 5-mg/kg dose and 80.6 ± 37.7 μg/ml after the 20-mg/kg dose.
Absorption lag time after oral administration ranged from 0.186 ± 0.103 hour after multiple doses (5 mg/kg) to 0.385 ± 0.254 hour after a single dose of 10 mg/kg. The AUC increased (P < 0.01) as the dose increased. However, AUC per unit dose decreased linearly with dose (P < 0.05), most probably because of a dose-dependent decrease in absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
Effects of intracameral injection of viscoelastic solutions on corneal endothelium in dogs
Authors: Gerding Paul A. , McLaughlin Susan A. , Brightman Alan H. , Essex-Sorlie Diane , Laing Ronald A. , Hirokawa Kiminori 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Contact in vivo wide-field specular microscopy was performed on right eyes of 20 healthy dogs after sodium hyaluronate (1%, n = 5), sodium chondroitin sulfate (4%) and sodium hyaluronate (3%, n = 5), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (2%, n = 5), or balanced salt solution (control, n = 5) was injected into the anterior chamber. Using computerized morphometric analysis and pachymetry, changes in endothelial cell density, cell morphologic features, and corneal thickness from baseline values were evaluated at postinjection hour (pih) 72 and pih 168. Changes were not seen in endothelial cell density or cell morphologic features in any treated eye. The mean corneal thickness of all treated eyes at pih 72 increased 6%, significantly greater than that of the nontreated eyes (P = 0.03). Mean corneal thickness of treated and nontreated eyes was similar at baseline and pih 168 in all treatment groups.