bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregabalin as an Adjunct Analgesic in Multimodal Pain Management in Patients Presenting with Acute Peri-Anal Fissure
Authors: Raza Vishal Farid , Mahmood Qaiser , Waris Iqra , Malik Muhammad Shahwaiz , Irshad Khalid , Khan Khalid Javeed 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To assess whether Pregabalin has a role as an adjunct analgesic in anal fissures along with standard conservative treatment.
Study Design: Quasi-Experimental Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Nov 2021 to Mar 2022.
Methodology: Thirty patients that fulfilled the inclusion criteria presenting to the Outpatient Department of General Surgery were enrolled in the study and assigned to either the standard Treatment-Group or the Pregabalin-Group. Patients were given standard treatment consisting of 0.2% topical GTN cream, stool softeners and analgesics in the form of NSAIDs and Paracetamol for their acute anal fissure, or they were given standard treatment with adjunct Pregabalin 50mg twice a day. The numerical pain score was recorded at enrollment after one week of follow-up.
Results: There was a significant difference between the change in visual analogue scores from baseline between both groups, (p-value of 0.008). There was a significant difference between days till maximum pain relief was achieved between the two groups (p-value of 0.01). 29(96.6%) of fissures were caused due to constipation.Conclusion: Pregabalin provides modest analgesic effects in anal fissures and may be used as an adjunct analgesic in patients with severe pain.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Cholangio-Pancreatography (MRCP) in Evaluating Obstructive Jaundice, Keeping Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography(ERCP) as Gold Standard
Authors: Qaisar Irum , Nasrullah Faran , Haq Intisar Ul , Younas Rabia , Shakeel Yasar , Aamir Muhammad Omer 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography in evaluating obstructive Jaundice, taking Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography as the gold standard.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging in collaboration with the Gastroenterology Department of Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jun to Dec 2019.
Methodology: Ninety patients with a history of obstructive Jaundice referred to the Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging for Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography were included in the study. Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography was followed by Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography within 48 hours. Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography results were compared with Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and diagnostic accuracy was calculated.
Results: The mean age was 57.58±14.65 years. The study constituted 40 male (44.4%) and 50 female (55.6%) patients. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography, keeping Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography as the gold standard, were calculated as 91.04%, 89.04%, 95.31%, 76.90% and 90.0%, respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 7, while the negative likelihood ratio was 0.10.
Conclusion: Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography is a non-invasive and safe investigation with excellent diagnostic accuracy in evaluating obstructive Jaundice. Thus, Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography may be an alternative to Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography, especially in cases without intervention or in pregnant females, as it is free from ionizing radiation.
Comparison of Therapeutic Effects in terms of Menstrual Irregularities between Statins and Metformin in Unmarried Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Nawaz Sobia , Mushtaq Naila , Waheed Aisha , Nawaz Samia , Ajaib Sadaf , Butt Suniya Arshed 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To compare therapeutic effects in terms of menstrual irregularities between Statins and Metformin in unmarried patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Combined Military Hospital, Zhob Pakistan, from Sep 2021 to Feb 2022.
Methodology: A study sample of 60 unmarried women aged 18-35 years diagnosed with PCOS having menstrual irregularity was collected and randomly allocated into two treatment groups. Women in Group-A were given simvastatin, while Group-B received Metformin. The outcome variable was an improvement in menstrual irregularity, assessed after three months of treatment in terms of the spontaneous normal menstrual cycle (28-35 days).
Results: The mean age of the patients was 27.43±4.72 years, while the mean duration of the disease was 23.63±5.99 months. The mean BMI of these women was 26.78±3.47 Kg/m2, and 20 (33.3%) women were obese. The frequency of improvement in menstrual irregularity was significantly higher in women receiving Simvastatin as compared to Metformin [24 (80.0%) vs. 10 (33.3%); p-value<0.001)].
Conclusion: In the present study, simvastatin was found more efficacious in the treatment of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome than Metformin in terms of normalization of menstrual irregularities regardless of patient’s age, duration of disease and BMI, which advocates the preferred use of statins in the management of future gynaecological practice.
Acute Kidney Injury in Neonates who Develop Asphyxia at the Time of Delivery
Authors: Zamir Saba , Nadeem Muhammad Tariq , Goheer Lutfullah 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of acute kidney injury in neonates who develop asphyxia at delivery.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Paediatrics, Pak-Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, Aug 2021 to Feb 2022.
Methodology: This study was based on 69 patients diagnosed with birth asphyxia on the basis of APGAR score at 5 minutes. Patients underwent testing for serum creatinine levels at 24 hours post-delivery, as well as the monitoring of urine output, and acute kidney injury was classified according to the KDIGO classification, based on the increase in serum creatinine levels and urine output.
Results: Acute kidney injury was observed in 12(17.4%) cases and 3(4.3%) neonates died. Lower gestational age at birth was associated with acute kidney injury (p=0.038), and acute kidney injury was associated with a higher chance for mortality (p<0.001). Additionally, male infants had a lower head circumference (p=0.001), a lower total body length (p<0.001) and a lower APGAR score at birth (p=0.004) when compared to females. However, they did not appear to have a higher risk for acute kidney injury (p=0.121).
Conclusion: Acute kidney injury following the development of birth asphyxia is a common occurrence in our population efforts should be made to identify pregnancies at risk to mitigate this potentially devastating complication.
Uropathogens and their Culture Sensitivity Pattern in Children with Urinary Tract Infection.
Authors: Jamal Muhammad Musarrat , Arif Asad , Sarfaraz Amna , Jamal Javeria , Mahmood Sohaib , Musarrat Maniha 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of bacteria causing Urinary Tract infections and their susceptibility to antibiotics in children of Sialkot.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatrics Islam Teaching Hospital, Children Complex Hospital, and Islam Central Hospital, Sialkot Pakistan, from Jan to Dec 2020.
Methodology: All patients presenting with Urinary Tract infections, aged one month to 15 years were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were clinical suspicion of Urinary Tract infections and positive urine culture of a single bacterium. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed on all culture-positive samples.
Results: A total of 300 children were included, but 248 fulfilled the criteria of culture-positive Urinary Tract infections. Fiftytwo children were excluded as they had non-pathogen growths, multi-organisms or were already on antibiotics. Gramnegative bacilli were most frequently isolated, accounting for 236(95.2%), whereas Gram-positive cocci comprised only 12 (4.8%) of cases. E. coli was the most frequent isolate among gram-negative rods, followed by Klebsiella, Proteus and Pseudomonas. All gram-negative rods were sensitive to Imipenem, whereas most were resistant to Ampicillin and TMP-SMX. Gram-positive cocci were sensitive to Vancomycin, Linezolid, Meropenem and Tazobactam.
Conclusion: Increasing resistance of uropathogens to commonly prescribed antibiotics is highly alarming. Therefore, the strategy of empirical treatment of Urinary Tract infections in children should be reevaluated based on regional studies.
Folate Deficiency: Is it Related to the Development of Depression
Authors: Bajwa Asif Azeem , Ali Sohail , Khan Sikandar Ali , Raza Hassan , Hussain Fayyaz , Nazir Tashfeen Bin 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: To determine the frequency of serum folate deficiency among patients with depression and to compare mean serum folate levels with the severity level of depression.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Mental Health, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Sep 2021 to Feb 2022.
Methodology: We consecutively recruited 155 study subjects. Basic demographic data were recorded. The severity of depression was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale–Urdu version (HAM-D U). Blood samples were collected to determine serum folate before commencing any treatment for depression; serum Folate levels were assessed at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.
Results: The mean HAM-D score was 17.14±4.29, with minimum and maximum scores of 8 and 22. 97(62.6%) cases had mild– moderate depression, and 58(37.4%) patients had severe depression. The mean serum folate levels were 3.10±1.40 ng/ml. There were 57(36.8%) cases that had normal folate levels, 45(29%) cases that had borderline folate levels, and 53(34.2%) cases that had folate deficiency. The frequency of borderline folate deficiency was statistically higher in cases with severe depression, (p-value<0.001).
Conclusion: Results of this study highlight that the frequency of borderline–folate deficiency was statistically higher in cases with moderate and severe depression.
Etiological Spectrum and Outcome of Acute Kidney Injury in Children: A Tertiary Care Experience
Authors: Anjum Muhammad Atif , Akhtar Naureen , Parveen Shahida , Chaudry Adeela , Ain Noor ul , Saud Muhammad Sahir 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the aetiologies and outcomes which would help reduce preventable deaths from acute kidney injury.
Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study.
Place and Duration of Study: Paediatric Nephrology unit at University of Child Health Sciences, The Children’s Hospital Lahore Pakistan, from Aug 2021 to Jul 2022.
Methodology: A total of 149 children who fulfilled the selection criteria were included in the study. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines were used for defining and staging acute kidney injury. The aetiology for each case of acute kidney injury was determined using standard workup/protocol and classified as pre-renal, renal and post-renal. Outcome parameters were recovery, improvement, death and progression to chronic kidney disease.
Results: The mean age of children was 61.79±52.26 months, predominantly boys (68.5%). The most common etiological group was renal (73,49%), followed by pre-renal (53,35.6%) and post-renal (23,15.4%). It was observed that the majority of children had stage-3 AKI (63.8%), with kidney replacement therapy (KRT) given in 92(61.7%) cases. Mortality was seen in 30.9%, while recovery, improvement and death occurred in 69(46.3%), 44(29.5%) and 36(24.2%), respectively, at the time of discharge. At three months of follow-up, recovery, progression to chronic kidney disease, and death occurred in 73(49.0%), 20(13.4%) and 10(6.7%) children, respectively.
Conclusion: Intrinsic renal disease was the most common etiological group occurring primarily in the form of AGN, and sepsis was found to be the most common underlying aetiology. Most patients presented in Stage 3 of acute kidney injury, and recovery was seen in many patients.
Histological Outcome of Needle Core Biopsies in Breast Lesions and Advantage of Using Reporting Categories of Royal College of Pathologists, London (UK)
Authors: Sarfraz Tariq , Aneeqa Saba , Tariq Humaira , Wahid Yasmin , Ramzan Rehana , Khattak Tania , Afzal Salma , Riaz Rubina 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of various categories of lesions in needle core biopsies done in breast lumps and the utility of using the reporting categories (B1 – B5) of the Royal College of Pathologists London (United Kingdom).
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Histopathology, Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad Pakistan, from Jan to Dec 2021.
Methodology: The study included one hundred cases of needle core biopsies done on breast lumps. After processing the tissue, the slides were made and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Microscopic evaluation was done by the consultant Histopathologist. The frequency of various breast lesions was analyzed, and they were categorized into different ‘B’ categories according to Royal College of Pathologists guidelines.
Results: The lesions included in B1 category (Normal tissue) comprised five cases (5%), B2 category (Benign) twenty cases (20%), B3 category (Uncertain malignant potential) twelve cases (12%), B4 category (Suspicious for malignancy) three cases (3%) and B5 category (Malignant) sixty cases (60%).
Conclusion: Reporting of needle core biopsies, according to the reporting categories of the Royal College of Pathologists, London (B1–B5), gives a precise diagnosis of most lesions and provides the clinician with a clear road map for further management. B5 Category (Malignant) lesions are needle core biopsies' most common histological outcomes.
Association of Smoking with Dental Caries and Periodontal Health Status Among Incarcerated Women in Karachi
Authors: Shah Hina , Khan Imran , Khan Sibghat Ullah , Kershan Jai , Ahmed Sanaa , Ayaz Sumbul 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To assess the association of smoking with dental caries and periodontal health status among incarcerated women in Karachi facility, Sindh, Pakistan.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of study: Department of Community, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Karachi Pakistan, from Dec 2021 to Feb 2022.
Methodology: All female inmates between the ages of 18-65 years, serving various jail terms, including those sentenced to life, prisoners condemned to death and awaiting trial, were included in the study. For each participant, dental caries and periodontal status examinations were performed. Dental caries was scored using the DMFT index, while periodontal status was scored using the CPI index. Smoking status (yes or no) and duration of smoking were observed.
Results: Out of 131 women, 76(58%), 42(32.1%), and 13(9.9%) had a DMFT score between 0-5, 6-10, and 11 or higher, respectively. 14(63.6%) and 2(9.1%) women smokers had moderate to severe periodontitis. The association between smoking and severe periodontitis was statistically significant (p=0.023). Employment status prior to incarceration was significantly associated with smoking (p=0.02).
Conclusion: We concluded that the rate of severe periodontitis was higher among incarcerated women who were smokers. Women in prison require regular oral health assessment and increased awareness about oral health management. Smoking was not a significant factor associated with dental caries or periodontal disease.Keywords: CPI index, Dental caries, DMFT, Oral health, Periodontitis, Smoking, tobacco.
Comparison of Hemodynamic Stability of Patients Undergoing Appendectomy under Spinal Anesthesia versus Blend of Ketamine and Midazolam with Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Kayani Kaukab Majeed , MALIK Usman Eijaz , Hafiz Amran , Hussain Fayyaz , Munir Humayun , Saqib Najm us 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To compare appendectomy under spinal anaesthesia versus combining Ketamine and Midazolam with spinal anaesthesia.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Jan to June 2022.
Methodology: A sample of 100 patients fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria was collected. A random segregation was made into two equal groups through the lottery method resulting in fifty patients in each Group-50. The Group A patients received spinal anaesthesia while and were given 0.25mg/kg Ketamine and 2mg Midazolam 2 minutes before incision. Group B patients only received spinal anaesthesia. Patients’ hemodynamics were monitored throughout surgery. The primary parameter studied was hemodynamic stability, and the secondary parameter was conversion into general anaesthesia.
Results: The primary outcome was hemodynamic stability. 48(96%) patients remained hemodynamically stable in Group A. Only 2(4%) patients showed hemodynamic instability. The Group B patient had lower hemodynamic stability as 29(58%) patients were hemodynamically unstable versus 21(42%) being stable (p-value <0.001).
Conclusion: Using Ketamine and Midazolam as adjuvants to spinal anaesthesia improves hemodynamic stability and success for open appendectomy.Keywords: Anesthesia, Ketamine, Midazolam, Spinal anesthesia.
CORRELATION BETWEEN ACADEMIC STRESS AND STUDENT’S ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN SCHOOLS OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND LIFE SCIENCES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Muhammad Guntur A. Gama , Ramadhan Syahrul , Lailiyah Syifa’ul , Ningtyas Shinta Feby , Ramadhania Farhaiza 
Published: October 2023

Background: The difficulties in balancing student academic duties, organizational activities and social life results in stress that may affect organizational performance. Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between academic stress in students and student organizational performance. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 91 public health students of the School of Health and Life Sciences Universitas Airlangga. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 42) questionnaires which was distributed via Google form. Chi-square test was used to analyse the data. Results: Most respondents (49.4%) had normal levels of academic stress, 16 students (18.4%) had moderate stress, 15 students (17.2%) had mild stress, 8 students (9.2%) had severe and 5 students (5.7%) very severe. In addition, the results obtained were that the majority of respondents had good performance in the organization, namely 46 students or 52.9%, moderate performance of 37 students or 42.5%, excellent as many as 2 students or 2.3%, poor performance of 1 student or 1.1% and worse performance of 1 student or 1.1%. Conclusion: The results of the interpretation of the data obtained for a p value of 0.003 which means there was a relationship between academic stress and student performance in organizations.
Abstrak
Latar Belakang: kesulitan dalam menyeimbangkan tugas akademik, aktivitas organanisasi dan kehidupan sosial mengakibatkan stress yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja organisasi. Tujuan: penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara stres akademik pada mahasiswa terhadap kinerja mahasiswa berorganisasi. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi cross-sectional pada mahasiswa 91 mahasiswa Sekolah Ilmu Kesehatan dan Ilmu Alam Universitas Airlangga. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 42) yang disebarkan melalui google form. Uji untuk menganalisis data penelitian menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil: diperoleh responden mayoritas memiliki tingkat stres akademik yang normal yaitu 43 mahasiswa atau 49,4%, sedang sebanyak 16 mahasiswa atau 18,4%, ringan sebanyak 15 mahasiswa atau 17,2%, parah sebanyak 8 mahasiswa atau 9,2% dan sangat parah sebanyak 5 mahasiswa atau 5,7%. Selain itu diperoleh hasil bahwa responden mayoritas memiliki kinerja yang baik dalam organisasi yaitu 46 mahasiswa atau 52,9%, kinerja cukup baik sebanyak 37 mahasiswa atau 42,5%, sangat baik sebanyak 2 mahasiswa atau 2,3%, kinerja kurang baik sebanyak 1 mahasiswa atau 1,1% dan kinerja sangat kurang baik sebanyak 1 mahasiswa atau 1,1%. Kesimpulan: Hasil interpretasi data yang didapatkan untuk nilai p sebesar 0,003 yang berarti ada hubungan yang antara stres akademik dengan kinerja mahasiswa dalam berorganisasi.
CONFIDENCE AND ANXIETY FACING THE COMPETITION OF KYOURUGI TAEKWONDO ATHLETES SALATIGA: A CORRELATION STUDY
Authors: Wulandari Aulya Salsa Happy , Yuwono Emmanuel Satyo 
Published: October 2023

Background: Anxiety over competition is one of the things that is stressful with mental symptoms associated interpreted as a feeling of anxiety, uneasiness, and worried. Self-confidence is the belief in one's abilities, so one does not feel anxious when carrying out an activity, has a feeling of freedom in doing something one wants, and a sense of responsibility for the decisions and actions taken. Purpose: this study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between self-confidence and competition anxiety among kyourugi taekwondo athletes in Salatiga city. Method: Used was quantitative with a correlation design. A total of 37 kyourugi taekwondo athletes in Koni Salatiga were used as research participants using a saturated sampling techniques. Results: Confidence was measured using the SAS-2 Sport Anxiety Scale (a = 0.901) and competition anxiety was measured using the Self-Confidence Scale (a = 0.907). The results of this study prove that self-confidence and competition anxiety have a negative relationship (r = -0.757 and sig = 0.000). Conclusion: These results mean that the higher the athlete's confidence, the lower the athlete's competition anxiety. Meanwhile, the lower the athlete's self-confidence, the higher the athlete's competition anxiety.
Abstrak
Latar Belakang: kecemasan menghadapi pertandingan merupakan salah satu hal yang listres dengan gejala mental berkaitan dnegan perasaan yang negatif. Kecemasan menghadapi pertandingan juga dapat diartikan sebagai perasaan gelisah, tidak tenang dan khawatir. Kecemasan mengahdapi pertandingan adalah listres yang dialami oleh seorang atlet yang terjadi ketika meningkatnya emosi negatif pada suatu situasi dalam pertandingan. Kepercayaan diri ialah keyakinan atas kemampuan yang dimiliki, sehingga tidak merasa cemas ketika melakukan suatu kegiatan, memiliki perasaan bebas dalam melakukan sesuatu hal yang diinginkan, dan rasa tanggung jawab atas keputusan dan tindakan yang dilakukan. Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara kepercayaan diir dan kecemasan menghadapi pertandingan pada atlet kyourugi tekwondo di kota Salatiga. Metode: Metode yang diunakan yaitu kuantitatif dengan design korelasi. Sebanyak 37 atlet kyourugi tekwondo Koni Salatiga dijadikan sebagai partisipan penelitian dengan mengguanakn teknik sampling jenuh. Hasil: kepercayaan diir diukur mengguanakn SAS-2 Sport anxiety Scale (a = 0,901) dan kecemasan bertanding diukur menggunakan Self-Confidence Scale (a = 0,907). Hasil dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa kepercayaan diri dan kecemasan bertanding memiliki hubungan negatif (r = -0,757 dan sig = 0,000). Kesimpulan: hasil tersebut memiliki arti bahwa semakin tinggi kepercayaan diri atlet, maka semakin rendah kecemasan bertanding atlet tersebut. Sedangkan, semakin rendah kepercayaan diir atlet. maka semakin tinggi kecemasan bertanding atlet tersebut.