bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gall bladder injuries as part of the spectrum of civilian abdominal trauma in South Africa
Authors: Zellweger René , Navsaria Pradeep H. , Hess Florian , Omoshoro‐Jones Jones , Kahn Delawir , Nicol Andrew J. 
Published: June 2005

Background:  Trauma to the gall bladder is rare, but when missed or improperly managed it may be associated with significant morbidity. The aim of the present study was to review the management and outcomes of gall bladder trauma in a trauma centre.Methods:  Forty‐three patients with gall bladder injury due to abdominal trauma were reviewed over a 3‐year period. Surgical management, associated injuries, morbidity and mortality rates were determined.Results:  Among 1242 patients undergoing laparotomy for acute trauma, 43 patients (3.46%) with gall bladder injuries were identified. Forty patients sustained penetrating injuries (37 with gunshot wounds and three with stab wounds), and three patients suffered from blunt trauma. All patients with gall bladder injury underwent abdominal exploration because of associated intra‐abdominal injuries. Thirty‐six patients were treated with cholecystectomy, four patients underwent primary suture repair of the gall bladder perforation, while three patients with gall bladder injury were treated without any surgical intervention at laparotomy. No complications could be attributed to the gall bladder trauma or surgery.Conclusion:  Cholecystectomy is the preferred procedure of choice for gall bladder injuries and is associated with no morbidity.
Breast cancer in young Asian women: Study on survival
Authors: Foo Chek Siang , Su David , Chong Chee Keong , Chng Hong Chee , Tay Khoon Hean , Low Sze Chuan , Tan Su Ming 
Published: June 2005

Background: Breast cancer in young patients is often associated with a poorer prognosis, but there has been a paucity of published data in an Asian population.Methods: One hundred and six patients (12.6%) under the age of 40 years with breast cancer (group V) were compared with 737 patients with breast cancer aged 40 years or more (group W). Demographics, presentations, pathological profiles, treatment and survival measures were analysed.Results: Median tumour size was similar in both groups. Group V had more patients with grade 3 tumours and nodal involvement compared to group W (51.5% vs 38.1%,P = 0.012 and 52.5% vs 41.8%,P = 0.045). The mean Nottingham prognostic index (NPI) score was significantly higher in group V compared to group W (4.75 vs 4.26,P < 0.001). The incidences of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in group V were higher than group W (69.2% vs 35.2%,P < 0.001 and 41.1% vs 24.4%,P = 0.002). There were no differences in overall survival and disease‐free survival (local recurrence).Conclusion: Patients below 40 years with breast cancer have tumours with a poorer prognostic profile. However, this did not translate into a poorer overall survival, and this might be attributable to more aggressive adjuvant treatment of younger patients.
Regional anaesthesia and propofol sedation for carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Barringer Christopher , Williams John M. , McCrirrick Alastair , Earnshaw Jonothan J. 
Published: June 2005

Background:  Many surgeons now perform carotid endarterectomy under regional anaesthesia. The aim of the present study was to review a sedation technique using a computer‐controlled infusion of propofol.Methods:  A consecutive series of 84 carotid endarterectomies done by a single surgeon and commenced under regional anaesthesia with sedation was studied. There were 54 men and 27 women (three bilateral procedures), with a median age of 71 years (range 48−87 years). All patients had carotid stenosis >70% 80 procedures were done for symptomatic disease and three asymptomatic patients were treated before cardiac surgery (one bilateral).Results:  Seventy‐seven procedures were completed under regional anaesthesia and sedation alone; seven required conversion to general anaesthetic, usually for intolerance of the operation. An intraoperative shunt was required on only four occasions (5%). Postoperatively eight patients required critical care monitoring, usually for blood pressure control. The remainder were nursed on the vascular ward, and 68% were discharged home on the day after surgery. No patient died, but there were two neurological complications. One patient had a cerebellar stroke 10 days after surgery, but recovered fully after 4 months. A second developed cerebral oedema due to severe intraoperative hypertension and required intensive care for 15 days. He too recovered fully. Five patients had a further episode of transient cerebral ischaemia within 1 month of operation, but in all cases duplex imaging showed a widely patent carotid and there were no sequelae.Conclusion:  Target controlled propofol infusion is an effective method of sedation in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.
THE ALPS—A BARRIER OR A PASSAGE FOR CERAMIC TRADE?*
Authors: MAGGETTI M. 
Published: June 2005

The Alpsas a barrier: ceramic remnants of the so‐called Laugen‐Melaun culture (c. 11th to c. sixth centuries bc) can be found in the northern Italy (Trentino/Alto Adige)—eastern Switzerland—Liechtenstein and western Austria region. A petrographic study of 454 sherds from this area covering a time span of 500 years reveals the following. (1) The pottery from the Trentino/Alto Adige contains a predominantly volcanic temper, which can be linked to the volcanic rocks of the Bolzano area—in other words, to the core region of this culture. This material is therefore of a local/regional production. (2) These ceramics were imported from the Bolzano region to southeastern Switzerland (the Inn Valley) and the amount of imported pottery decreases markedly from the 11th century bc (approximately 70% imported) to the seventh to sixth centuries bc (approximately 10% imported). (3) No imported pottery can be detected north of the Alpine crest in Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Austria, and in this region serpentinite temper was preferred by ancient potters. These results demonstrate that long‐lasting contacts and ceramic trade existed between the populations of the Inn Valley and the Trentino/Alto Adige. Such contacts could have been motivated by intermarriages between the two populations and/or economic exchange. The potters north of the Alpine ridge adopted the Laugen‐Melaun style and produced such pottery locally. The use of serpentinite temper is puzzling and not related to any technological advantage. (Could it be recycled material? Or does it have any sociocultural specificity?) The Alps as a passage: 59 fragments of a black gloss ware, the so‐called Campana, unearthed at 11 Late Latene sites (second to first centuries bc) in Switzerland and neighbouring Germany were analysed chemically by X‐ray fluorescence. The results revealed: (1) that all of them were produced either in Italy or Lyon and then exported to the north; (2) that two principal south–north exchange routes existed, (a) fluviatile, along the Rhône–Rhine corridor and (b) trans‐Alpine, using the Alpine passes, such as the Simplon and the Grand St Bernard.
Out with ‘Rainbow Government’ and in with ‘Iraqgate’: The Finnish General Election of 2003
Authors: Downs William M. , Riutta Satu 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFinland's March 2003 general election saw Anneli Jäätteenmäki lead her opposition Centre Party to a narrow victory over Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen's Social Democrat-led ‘rainbow government’. A generally lacklustre campaign, highlighted by concerns over unemployment, Finland's place in Europe and uncomfortable foreign policy decisions, is notable for making Jäätteenmäki Finland's first female prime minister and for making the country the first in the EU to have women as both prime minister and president. These distinctions proved fleeting, as scandal –‘Iraqgate’– drove Jäätteenmäki from office after only two months. Scandal aside, the election demonstrates the difficulties for still-new EU members of juggling domestic economic concerns with European and broader international commitments.
Platelet Antagonists in Migraine Prophylaxis A Clinical Trial Using Aspirin and Dipyridamole
Authors: Masel Brent E. , Chesson Andrew L. , Peters Bruce H. , Levin Harvey S. , Alperin Jack B. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe platelet hyperaggregability of the migraine population has lead us to postulate that platelet antagonists might be effective in migraine prophylaxis.A double‐blind cross‐over study of aspirin, 325 mg BID, combined with dipyridamole, 25 mg TID, compared to placebo and pretreatment conditions was undertaken. Platelet aggregation studies were done during the three month active medication and placebo periods.In patients with platelet hyperaggregability significant improvement occurred in headache frequency, intensity, and limitation of activity with no change in headache duration. Regardless of platelet aggregability, the 25 patients comprising the total sample significantly improved as compared to placebo. Sixty‐eight percent of the patients tested reported subjective improvement while taking the active medication. No side effects related to the medication were reported and no patients, including those who withdrew from the study for other reasons, reported worsening of headache while on the active medication.Although the significance of platelet hyperaggregability in migraine patients, and the pharmacological effect of aspirin and dipyridamole on this, is unclear, these medications may have potential as a method of migraine prophylaxis.
Biofeedback Control of Skin Temperature and Cerebral Blood Flow in Migraine
Authors: Mathew Roy J. , Largen John W. , Dobbins Ken , Meyer John S. , Sakai Fumihiko , Claghorn James L. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISTheoretical mechanisms offered to account for the therapeutic gains observed in migraine patients trained in hand warming via biofeedback techniques have been inconsonant and lack a sufficient data base. The effects of directional skin temperature self‐regulation upon regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were measured in two groups of migraine patients trained either to increase or decrease hand temperature. Following training, serial measurements of rCBF by 133Xe inhalation were made during a steady‐state condition and another during skin temperature self‐regulation. Both mean hemispheric and regional CBF changes occurred during volitional alteration in skin temperature. Changes tended to differ in direction and/or magnitude, depending upon whether the hands were warmed or cooled. The hypothesis was supported that skin temperature control contributes to rCBF changes which may be responsible for the reduction of migraine symptoms. Comparison of rCBF changes measured in migraineurs and normal volunteers suggested that cerebral vasomotor reactivity was increased in migraineurs.
Reliability and Concurrent Validity of Headache Questionnaire Data
Authors: Andrasik Frank , Holroyd K. A. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISPsychometric properties of a brief headache questionnaire were evaluated in three samples of headache sufferers awaiting treatment. Although the test‐retest reliability of the headache questionnaire was substantial over a two‐week period, on several headache indices mean symptom levels were significantly different at the two administrations. Furthermore, when questionnaire reports were compared with daily headache recordings there was minimal correspondence between these two assessment methods. Although questionnaire methods of assessing headache symptoms appear reliable these findings suggest questionnaires may lack concurrent validity. It is suggested that headache questionnaires be supplemented with daily headache recordings whenever possible.
A Computer‐Based Headache Interview: Acceptance by Patients and Physicians
Authors: Bana D. S. , Leviton A. , Swidler C. , Slack W. , Graham J. R. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISForty patients who presented to the Headache Research Foundation in Boston during the winter of 1978/1979 completed an interview, in dialogue with a computer, and then evaluated the program. Ninety‐five percent of the patients thought that the computer interview was easy to use, and 55 percent thought that the computer had obtained a complete history of their headaches. After the computer interview, a summary was printed for physician use, and patients were then seen by one of seven headache clinicians, who subsequently evaluated the computer summary. In 55 percent of encounters, the summary was considered useful.
The Syndrome of Aphasia, Headaches, and Left Temporal Spikes
Authors: Riley Terrence L. , Massey E. Wayne 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe value of the EEG for evaluation of patients with headache, and the interrelationship of migraine and epilepsy remain unsettled issues. Three patients with the syndrome of aphasia, headache, and left temporal spikes, all of whom were successfully treated with phenytoin, suggest a common pathophysiology. Since the symptoms in these patients lack some of the cardinal features of migraine, and yet fulfill definitions of epileptic disturbance, it is probably worthwhile to recognize this syndrome as an epileptic disturbance which appears responsive to phenytoin. These three cases also serve to emphasize the remaining value of the EEG as a diagnostic tool even in the age of radioisotope and computerized tomography scanners.
Naproxen in the Prevention of Migraine Attacks. A Double‐blind Placebo‐controlled Cross‐over Study
Authors: Lindegaard Karl‐Fredrik , Övrelid Lars , Sjaastad Ottar 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe efficacy of naproxen, a potent prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, in migraine prophylaxis was assessed in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled cross‐over study in 28 migraine patients. After a drug‐free interval of at least 2 months, placebo and naproxen were given for 6 weeks each, with an interposed placebo week in between the two treatment periods. The dose of naproxen was 250 mg b.i.d. Naproxen seems to exert a moderate, but significant beneficial effect, with regard to headache days as well as headache indices. In a direct comparison, a significant number of patients preferred naproxen to placebo. Side effects were negligible. A systematic search for substances with antimigrainous properties should be made among the nonsteroidal, anti‐inflammatory group substances.
C‐1 Inhibitor Levels in Migraineurs and Normals
Authors: Sovak M. , Kunzel M. , Dalessio D.J. , Lang J.H. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISRecent evidence has indicated activation of the serum complement system in some migraine sufferers. Using a new accurate method for the determination of C‐1 inhibitor in serum, we found an average of 17.33 mgdl (S.D. = 1.82) in 23 normal females. In 23 female migraineurs, the C‐1 average value was 17.87 mgdl (S.D. = 2.66). The value in 4 normal males was 18.82 mgdl (S.D. = 2.16) and in 4 male migraineurs 18.34 mgdl (S.D. = 3.36). No correlation of C‐1 inhibitor concentration with the type or severity of migraine was identified.
Comprehensive Biofeedback Versus Self‐Monitored Relaxation in the Treatment of Tension Headache
Authors: Steger Jeffrey C. , Harper Robert G. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISMuscle contraction headaches have been demonstrated to significantly decrease following EMG biofeedback as well as general relaxation practice. This study contrasted the efficacy of a comprehensive biofeedback and stress management strategy and a self‐monitored home relaxation program in the treatment of 20 tension headache sufferers. The results suggested that while both treatment strategies successfully increased patients' ability to relax and reduce frontalis EMG levels, only the comprehensive biofeedback program was successful in reducing reports of headache pain and feelings of psychological distress. The findings support the utility of a headache treatment model beginning with simple relaxation and progressing on a case by case basis to more comprehensive tension and stress management strategies (like EMG biofeedback and cognitive stress coping techniques) only when the less costly relaxation proves ineffective in altering subjective feelings of pain or distress.
Migraine in Patients Attending a Migraine Clinic: An Analysis by Computer of Age, Sex and Family History
Authors: Steiner T.J. , Guha P. , Capildeo Rudy , Rose F. Clifford 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA survey is in progress of patients attending the Charing Cross Hospital Migraine Clinic in London. Information collected is stored for retrieval and analysis by computer. This paper reports some initial findings from patients seen during the first 212 years since the clinic opened.Patients registering with such a specialized clinic are not representative of the migraine population at large.Migraine sufferers present to the clinic at all ages from 6 to 70, but in three peaks, at 21–30, 41–45 and 51–55 years. Although onset of migraine tends to be earlier in males than in females, the latter are more likely to present during the first of these peaks.Migraine in younger clinic patients is predominantly classical in type. This predominance declines with increasing age at onset and may reverse when onset is delayed beyond 40.An inverse correlation exists in both sexes between age at onset of classical or common migraine and strength of family history. Females have a strong family history more commonly than males, except in those with onset in childhood. The mother is the more frequently affected parent, but involvement of the father may be associated more closely with early onset.Therefore, although migraine appears predominantly to be a disease of females with a female parental history, in clinic patients with early onset there is a relative preponderance of males and of male parental history.
Correlation of Headache Complaints With Some Physiological Parameters in a Healthy Population
Authors: Korczyn A.D. , Carel R.S. , Pereg I. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIn a generally healthy population, 75.8% complained of headache. Based on answers to a questionnaire, 18.9% were defined as suffering from migraine and 8.8% from tension headache. The prevalence of headache was more common among females and this was mainly due to the fact that migraine was more common in this sex. Abnormal visual acuity, abnormal (high or low) blood pressure, increased intraocular pressure, polycythemia and anemia occurred in the same frequencies in the headache and non headache groups (and in various subgroups). It is concluded that abnormalties in these physiological parameters cannot be a common cause of headache.
Ocular Migraine in a Patient with Cluster Headaches
Authors: Kline Lanning B. , Kelly Christopher L. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA 48‐year‐old man, with a long standing history of cluster headaches, developed repeated transient episodes of monocular visual reduction lasting one to two minutes. These attacks were documented with fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and pattern‐reversal visual evoked responses. Results of these tests included narrowing of the retinal veins, delay in the appearance of fluorescein dye in branches of the central retinal artery yet prompt filling of two cilioretinal vessels, and abolition of the visual evoked response. Hematological and cardiac investigations were normal and no clinically significant abnormalities were found on carotid angiography. Diagnosed as having ocular migraine, the patient was placed on propranolol with prompt cessation of his visual symptoms.
Dichotomous vs. Interval Rating of Headache Symptomatology: An Investigation in the Reliability of Headache Assessment
Authors: Thompson J. Kevin , Figueroa Jorge Luis 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe present study compared reported frequencies of headache symptoms assessed by dichotomous and interval rating scales. Reliability estimates, measured by per cent agreement, were obtained between the two scales for 26 common symptoms. Ninety‐eight undergraduate students and 25 chronic headache patients completed the symptom checklist using both rating procedures. Results suggested very low agreement between scales. In addition, a curvilinear relationship was discovered between per cent agreement and subjects' ratings of degree of headache problem. Severe and non‐problem headache groups were more reliable across scales than slight or moderate headache sufferers. Data also suggested wide variability in reliabilities for specific symptoms although symptom classes (vascular, autonomic, musculoskeletal) were similar in per cent agreement with a slight tendency for autonomic symptoms to be more reliable. Migraine patients were more reliable than chronic muscle contraction (CMC) individuals and these differences were consistent across symptom classes. Overall, the data support the hypothesis that an interval scale is a more sensitive index of headache symptomatology characteristics than dichotomous ratings. Results are discussed with regard to the role of reliability in questionnaire research and its facilitative effect in reducing error variance across headache investigations.
Conversion Headache
Authors: Packard Russell C. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe literature pertaining to conversion headache is briefly reviewed and problems with definition are discussed. There is often confusion about the concept of “psychogenic” headache and whether or not there are underlying local physiological changes present in cases of conversion headache. For the purposes of this paper conversion headache is defined as a headache in which the prevailing clinical disorder is a conversion reaction and a peripheral pain mechanism is not present. A case will be described to provide a clinical description of the disorder and to demonstrate some of the features that can be helpful in establishing the diagnosis. Discussion considers factors important in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of conversion headache, such as the significance of symbolization, secondary gain, and other features associated with the conversion reaction.
Headache Medication Habits in Northern Finland
Authors: Nikiforow Rita 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIn a survey conducted by questionnaire of an urban and a rural area in Northern Finland the respondents were asked about their headache medication habits. Of the 2018 persons who had suffered from headache during the year previous to the survey, 400 (20%) had managed entirely without medicine and 548 (27%) with less than 10 tablets a year, these including some suffering from frequent severe headaches. Only 4% took 10 tablets a week or more. The men and women took almost equal amounts of medicine, the rural women taking more than their urban counterparts. The use of medication for headache increased with age, was more abundant in those with exhaustion or depressive traits, and was possibly influenced by education. Less than half of those who had migraine diagnosed acquired an ergotamine prescription, and only 4 persons, all women, took more than 10 mg of ergotamine a week.
Post Traumatic Headache Caused by Hematoma of the Corpus Callosum
Authors: Rapoport Alan M. , Falvey Catherine F. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA patient with a hematoma of the corpus callosum producing transient memory, speech and motor defecits as well as post traumatic type 1 headaches is presented. This is the first known demonstration of a resolving hematoma of the corpus callosum by CT scan and the first case report of a post traumatic headache caused by hematoma of the corpus callosum.
The Effect of Ergotamine on Prostaglandin Formation in Guinea Pig‘s Ear Slices
Authors: Zijlstra Frederik J. , Spierings Egilius L.H. , Vincent J. Eric 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISWe have studied the effect of ergotamine tartrate (10−7 and 10−5 M) on prostaglandin (PG) formation in guinea pig's ear slices because of the suggested role of PGs in the pathophysiology of the migraine attack. The ear slices were incubated with arachidonic acid (AA) and the amount of different PGs (6‐keto‐F1a, F2a, E2, D2 and A2) in the incubation medium was determined. The results indicate that ergotamine is an inhibitor of PG synthesis and that it probably affects either the phospholipase A2 or the cyclo‐oxygenase activity.