bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravity of gluonic fluctuations and the value of the cosmological constant
Authors: Mackewicz Kris , Hogan Craig 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We analyze the classical linear gravitational effect of idealized pion-like dynamical systems, consisting of light quarks connected by attractive gluonic material with a stress–energy

p
=
−
ρ

c
2

in one or more dimensions. In one orbit of a system of total mass M, quarks of mass

m
<<
M

expand apart initially with

v

/

c
∼
1

, slow due to the gluonic attraction, reach a maximum size

R
0

∼
ℏ

/

M
c

, then recollapse. We solve the linearized Einstein equations and derive the effect on freely falling bodies for two systems: a gluonic bubble model where uniform gluonic stress–energy fills a spherical volume bounded by a 2D surface comprising the quarks’ rest mass, and a gluonic string model where a thin string connects two pointlike quarks. The bubble model is shown to produce a secular mean outward residual velocity of test particles that lie within its orbit. It is shown that the mean gravitational repulsion of bubble-like virtual-pion vacuum fluctuations agrees with the measured value of the cosmological constant, for a bubble with a radius equal to about twice the pion de Broglie length. These results support the view that the gravity of standard QCD vacuum fluctuations is the main source of cosmic acceleration.
Berry phase of spin-one system in a rotating electric field
Authors: Alizzi Abdaljalel , Silagadze Zurab K , Uskov Artem 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We consider in detail how the Berry phase arises in a rotating electric field in a model system with spin one. The goal is to help the student who first encountered this interesting problem, which is fraught with some subtleties that require attention in order not to go astray.
An educational model of the Deutsch algorithm for secondary school
Authors: Sutrini Claudio , Zuccarini Giacomo , Malgieri Massimiliano , Bondani Maria , Macchiavello Chiara 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present the outline of an educational path to introduce a crucial historical turnpoint of quantum information research—namely the Deutsch algorithm—to secondary school students. We discuss a basic elementarization strategy allowing students to single out and focus on the individual features of quantum mechanics involved in the different steps of the algorithm information processing phase, which can potentially be useful for the educational reconstruction of other algorithms and protocols. The sequence includes the experimental realization on the optical bench of an analogue of the Deutsch algorithm, working with classical coherent light. The educational path was tested both in curricular and out-of-school settings, and preliminary results will be discussed.
Topological phases of monolayer and bilayer depleted Lieb lattices
Authors: Sil Arghya , Ghosh Asim Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Existence of nontrivial topological phases in a tight binding Haldane-like model on the depleted Lieb lattice is reported. This two-band model is formulated by considering the nearest-neighbor (NN), next-NN (NNN) and next-NNN hopping terms along with complex phase which breaks the time reversal symmetry of this semi-metallic system. Topological feature of this model is studied along with the presence of sublattice symmetry breaking staggered onsite energy. Combined effect of these two broken symmetries is found crucial for an additional transition between nontrivial and trivial phases. System exhibits two types of phase transitions, say, between two nontrivial phases and nontrivial to trivial phases. Nonzero Chern numbers, existence of Hall plateau and symmetry protected edge states confirm the presence of the nontrivial phases. This two-band system hosts four different types of phases where two are topological. Additionally topological properties of stacked bilayer of the depleted Lieb lattices is also studied with similar Haldane-like Hamiltonian. This four-band system is found to host Chern insulating phases, with higher values of Chern numbers supported by in-gap edge states.
Circular dichroism in two-dimensional BC6N and B3C2N3 in absence of intervalley excitonic coupling
Authors: Adhikary Souren , Dutta Sudipta 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) noncentrosymmetric systems offer potential opportunities for exploiting the valley degrees of freedom for advanced information processing, owing to non-zero Berry curvature. However, such valley polarization in 2D materials is crucially governed by the intervalley excitonic scattering in momentum space due to reduced electronic degrees of freedom and consequent enhanced electronic correlation. Here, we study the valley excitonic properties of two 2D noncentrosymmetric complementary structures, namely, BC6N and B3C2N3 using first principles-based GW calculations combined with the Bethe–Salpeter equation, that brings the many-body interactions among the quasiparticles. The k-resolved oscillator strength of their first bright exciton indicates their ability to exhibit valley polarization under the irradiation of circularly polarized light of different chiralities. Both the systems show significant singlet excitonic binding energies of 0.74 eV and 1.31 eV, respectively. Higher stability of dark triplet excitons as compared to the singlet one can lead to higher quantum efficiency in both the systems. The combination of large excitonic binding energies and the valley polarization ability with minimal intervalley scattering make them promising candidates for applications in advanced optical devices and information storage technologies.
Applications of electronic nose technology in the tobacco industry: a comprehensive review
Authors: Du Shantao , Xi Gaolei , Chen Xia , Wang Xingguo , Ai Bin , Wu Shufang , Li Shaohua , Zhao Weimin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Electronic nose (E-nose) technology has emerged as a promising tool for rapid and objective analysis of complex odor profiles in various industries, including the tobacco sector. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of E-noses in the tobacco industry, focusing on their potential for enhancing quality control, optimizing blend formulations, monitoring processing conditions, and assuring the quality of finished products. We discuss the basic principles, working mechanisms, sensor types, and data processing techniques employed in E-noses, as well as the challenges and limitations associated with their adoption in the tobacco industry. These challenges include sensor drift, calibration, interference from environmental factors, the complexity of tobacco aroma and flavor profiles, and regulatory and ethical considerations. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for further research and development in E-nose technology, with an emphasis on addressing technical challenges, refining sensor systems, and fostering collaboration among researchers, industry stakeholders, and regulatory agencies. By overcoming these hurdles, E-nose technology has the potential to revolutionize the tobacco industry, ensuring consistent product quality, and meeting the changing demands of consumers while addressing public health concerns and regulatory requirements.
Preliminary study of low-pressure ionization chamber for online dose monitoring in FLASH carbon ion radiotherapy
Authors: Lang Xinle , Hu Zhengguo , Zhao Zulong , Zhou Kai , Xu Zhiguo , Li Min , Mao Ruishi , Luo Faming , Huang Chuan , Kang Xincai , Li Juan , Liu Xiaotao , Zhou Libin , Xiao Guoqing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The FLASH effect of carbon ion therapy has recently attracted significant attention from the scientific community. However, the radiobiological mechanism of the effect and the exact therapeutic conditions are still under investigation. Therefore, the dosimetry accuracy is critical for testing hypotheses about the effect and quantifying FLASH Radiotherapy. In this paper, the FLASH ionization chamber at low-pressure was designed, and its dose rate dependence was verified with the Faraday cup. In addition, the dose response was tested under the air pressure of the ionization chamber of 10 mbar, 80 mbar and 845 mbar, respectively. The results showed that when the pressure was 10 mbar, the dose linearity was verified and calibrated at the dose rate of ∼50 Gy s−1, and the residuals were less than 2%. In conclusion, the FLASH ionization chamber is a promising instrument for online dose monitoring.
The possible effect of surface barriers on the magnetic levitation of cylindrical superconductors
Authors: Bernstein Pierre , Xing Yiteng , Noudem Jacques , Morandi Antonio , Ribani Pier Luigi , Russo Giacomo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Superconducting magnetic levitation force measurements on large field cooled cylindrical MgB2 bulks with different diameters and thicknesses are reported. For these experiments, a special set-up permitting one to measure forces up to 500 N was used. In contradiction to previous measurements, the obtained force hysteresis cycles could not be reproduced with the analytical mean field model proposed by Bernstein et al (2017 Supercond. Sci. Technol.
30 065007). The failure of the model has been attributed to surface barriers effects which were not taken into account in the model. This last one was accordingly modified in order that the measured force cycles could be reproduced. Contrary to most other models describing surface barriers effects, the modified model suggests that above a threshold field anti-vortices and not vortices enter the superconductor. This behaviour is related to the storage by the superconductor of the mechanical work done by the operator. In addition, it has turned out that the threshold field is a decreasing function of the critical surface current density of the samples. As a consequence, the surface barriers effects occur only if this quantity and the critical current density are large enough. Otherwise, the internal magnetic field of the superconductor could be computed and was seen to be a decreasing function of the thickness of the superconductors.
Scroll-growing/controlling chaotic attractors in cyclic Hopfield neural networks via memristive bridging
Authors: Chen Jian , Chen Zhuguan , Xu Quan , Bao Han 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a memristor-based neural network is proposed, which is implemented by two tri-neuron resistive-cyclic Hopfield neural networks (RC-HNNs) via memristive bridging. The memristor-bridged network has a line equilibrium set composed of infinitely many index-2 saddle-foci, but it can produce multi-scroll chaotic attractors contrary to Shil’nikov’s criterion. Complex bifurcation behaviors, scroll-growing chaotic attractors over time, and homogeneous coexisting attractors are revealed by numerical methods. Further, a scroll-control scheme is designed and scroll-controlling chaotic attractors are demonstrated numerically. The results show that the memristor-bridged network can not only generate scroll-growing chaotic attractors over time, but also produce scroll-controlling chaotic attractors by limiting the dynamic range of the internal state of the bridging memristor. Finally, an analog electronic circuit is designed for the memristor-bridged network, and PSIM circuit simulations are used to verify the numerical simulations.
Cooperative roles of mechanical behavior and chemical reactions in mechanical chemical nano cutting of graphene assisted by ·OH radicals: quantum mechanics and reaction molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Tang Meiling , Yuan Zewei , He Yan , Sun Jingting , Wang Ying , Zhou Xinbo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In order to achieve precise and controllable cutting of graphene and to meet the high quality of cutting edges required in electronics. In this study, the tangential force, radial distribution function, dangling bonds, oxidation bonds, and density functional theory were used to investigate the mechanical behaviour, cutting damage, microscopic mechanism of chemical reactions, and feasibility of elementary reactions in mechanical chemical nano cutting graphene with different solution environments. The results show that the difference in the number of broken and interfacial bonds, dominated by the variability of chemical interactions, leads to a difference in cutting forces, and that there is a negative correlation between the number of C–C bonds and the number of C–O bonds. In the pure H2O solution environment, the unsaturated C atoms in the carbon chain undergo adsorption reactions with the solution atoms, which shows the carbon chain structures such as –C#–H2O, –C#–H, –C#–O and –C#–O. In the ·OH solution environment, the edge structure atoms obtained by mechanical chemical nano cutting of graphene are more structured, more C–O interfacial bonds are formed, and the C atoms are able to detach from the graphene in the form of C*O2. The energy barriers in the elementary reactions need to be overcome by the mechanical action of the probe, and the cooperative roles of mechanical behaviour and chemical reaction enables oxidation and smooth cutting of atoms at the slit edges of graphene.
Performance of Single Cell and Double Stacked Thermoelectric Generator Modules for Low Temperature Waste Heat Recovery
Authors: Mohamed W A N W , Zamri N F , Hamdan M H , Shah H J M F , Hanim N H M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Thermoelectric generator (TEG) is an energy conversion technology that is capable of converting temperature difference into electrical output. This manuscript focused on different design setups of TEG module in recovering waste heat captured from hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (FCV) into useful electrical energy. Effects of single cell (SC) and double stacked (DS) TEG configurations were analysed before an additional heat sink (HS) was installed in the heating section for heat transfer enhancement. The performance of all design setups was tested under waste heat temperature (Twh) of 53°C and 58°C. Under Twh of 58°C, the maximum power point (MPP) was enhanced from 0.23mW/cm2 (SC TEG design setup) to 2.8mW/cm2 (DS TEG configuration with HS addition design setup), by approximately 92%. Rapid increase in MPP was obtained as HS was applied in the TEG module due to higher rate of waste heat capturing. The installation of HS is proved to be a successful add-on to the TEG module for WHR from low temperature waste heat.
Biogas Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent at Low pH
Authors: Zainal Bidattul Syirat , Farred Wan Adam Fitri Wan Mohd , Mohamed Hassan , Aziz Nur Atiqah Mohamad , Junoh Hazlina , Shamsuddin Abd Halim 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The palm oil industry in Malaysia has aided our economy, but with any thriving industry comes the baggage of industrial waste. This paper focuses on palm oil mill effluent (POME), a waste product formed by palm oil milling operations. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the ability of POME to generate biogas through acid and heat pre-treatment methods. The feasibility of producing biogas at pH levels lower than 5 was investigated. The inoculum is effective microbe 1 (EM1), and the substrate is a liquid POME. Hydrochloric and phosphoric acid were used in this study, and the effect of low initial pH on biogas generation was investigated. The results show that POME alone produced the highest biogas volume (20.1 Nml). However, POME incubated with activated EM1 inoculant at low pH (3.74) generated consistent biogas during 57.75 hours of digestion. In conclusion, the EM1 is a good source of inoculum for POME treatment at low pH, with no pre-treatment required. The pre-treatment methods proposed in this study could have opened new doors for bio-renewable energy research, particularly in agricultural biomass, since substrate pre-treatment can enhance biogas production.
Energy Performance Review of Battery-Powered Drones for Search and Rescue (SAR) Operations
Authors: Ali Muhammad Firdaus Mohd , Jamaludin Jafferi , Ahmedy Ismail , Awalin Lilik Jamilatul 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Drones and other aerial vehicles are commonly used in Search and Rescue (SAR) Operations to locate, stabilise, and extract distressed individuals. A drone is essentially a flying robot that can be remotely controlled or fly autonomously via software-controlled flight plans in their embedded systems, in conjunction with onboard sensors and a global positioning system (GPS). There are a variety of applications for drones today, and their use is expanding globally. It is a safe bet that the use of drones will continue to increase as technology continues to develop. Constantly raised by drone players is the issue of limited flight time due to poor battery life. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the most recent research on the energy performance evaluation of battery-powered drones for search and rescue (SAR) operations.
Performance analysis of power electronics learning equipment
Authors: Ghafar Ridhwan , Yusof Yushaizad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes an initiative of Power Electronics Learning Equipment (PELE), a power electronics learning tool that functions as an isolated gate signal generator to enable the operations of controlled power switches and semi-controlled power switches in AC-DC, AC-AC, DC-DC and DC-AC power converters circuits to provide a significant contribution towards students learning pedagogy. Before the introduction of PELE, a performance analysis of PELE is implemented and discussed with the objective to improve the equipment in 2 criteria which are its accuracy and precisions. Therefore, the performance of PELE is validated by measuring and comparing its input and output signals while varying the circuit parameters via laboratory experiment. Based on the power converter circuits experiments results, PELE has successfully and safely adjusted and regulated the operation of power converter circuits according to the stipulated targets.
Deep learning approaches to recover the plasma current density profile from the safety factor based on Grad–Shafranov solutions across multiple tokamaks
Authors: ZHANG 张 Hanyu 瀚予 , ZHOU 周 Lina 利娜 , LIU 刘 Yueqiang 钺强 , HAO 郝 Guangzhou 广周 , WANG 王 Shuo 硕 , YANG 杨 Xu 旭 , MIAO 苗 Yutian 雨田 , DUAN 段 Ping 萍 , CHEN 陈 Long 龙 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Many magnetohydrodynamic stability analyses require generation of a set of equilibria with a fixed safety factor q-profile while varying other plasma parameters. A neural network (NN)-based approach is investigated that facilitates such a process. Both multilayer perceptron (MLP)-based NN and convolutional neural network (CNN) models are trained to map the q-profile to the plasma current density J-profile, and vice versa, while satisfying the Grad–Shafranov radial force balance constraint. When the initial target models are trained, using a database of semi-analytically constructed numerical equilibria, an initial CNN with one convolutional layer is found to perform better than an initial MLP model. In particular, a trained initial CNN model can also predict the q- or J-profile for experimental tokamak equilibria. The performance of both initial target models is further improved by fine-tuning the training database, i.e. by adding realistic experimental equilibria with Gaussian noise. The fine-tuned target models, referred to as fine-tuned MLP and fine-tuned CNN, well reproduce the target q- or J-profile across multiple tokamak devices. As an important application, these NN-based equilibrium profile convertors can be utilized to provide a good initial guess for iterative equilibrium solvers, where the desired input quantity is the safety factor instead of the plasma current density.
Telemedicine-based medical care compared to in-person medical care for warfarin follow-up: A retrospective propensity score matching cohort study
Authors: Alkhuzaee Fahad , Alsharif Sahar , Shukry Murooj 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Telemedicine is underutilized in Saudi Arabia, which is a matter of concern, especially since previous literature has showed its equivalence with office visits in providing access to care and convenience for patients while reducing anticoagulation-related bleeding events when appropriate measures are followed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficacy of telehealth-based care compared to in-person visit care for warfarin follow-up.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective chart review comparing the mean percentage of time in the therapeutic range (TTR) of international normalized ratio (INR) values among patients prescribed warfarin from July 2019 to November 2020 at King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center – Jeddah Branch whose anticoagulant therapy was managed via telemedicine or through in-person clinic visits. A subcohort analysis of outcomes in the telemedicine and in-person groups was performed using propensity score matching, and descriptive analysis was done for the entire cohort.

Results
A total of 350 patient records were included in this retrospective study. Matched analysis for 148 patients using propensity score matching showed that the mean (SD) percentages of TTR were 62.82% (19.46%) and 70.61% (19.83%) in the telemedicine and in-person groups, respectively (P = 0.017). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of major or minor bleeding events, thromboembolic events, and hospital readmission between the two groups.

Conclusion
The study results showed that patients on oral anticoagulation therapy managed through a telemedicine method had a lower overall TTR percentage than a matched group of patients managed through in-person anticoagulant clinic visits, thus demonstrating that using a telemedicine approach alone for warfarin follow-up may not help patients to maintain their INR target level.
Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Calf Contouring Based on the Study of Combined Injection of Gastrocnemius and Soleus
Authors: Li Zhijin , Chong Yuming , Jin Lin , Zeng Ang , Huang Jiuzuo , Long Xiao , Yu Nanze , Wang Xiaojun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Botulinum toxin is administered to paralyze the gastrocnemius muscle and reduce its size, thereby improving the calf contour and reducing the leg circumference of the calf.

Objectives
In pursuit of better efficacy, we designed a new injection protocol that targeted both the gastrocnemius and soleus. An algorithm of botulinum toxin injection for calf contouring was proposed based on the results of the study and ultrasonographic data.

Methods
A prospective, self-controlled, double-blind study was conducted. The gastronemius muscle (GM) group (n = 17) included the patients whose gastrocnemius muscles were treated, and the GM + soleus muscle (SM) group (n = 17) included the patients who had both the gastrocnemius and soleus treated. Parameters including the maximum leg circumference and the subcutaneous fat, gastrocnemius muscle, and soleus muscle thicknesses were collected before and after injection.

Results
Both GM and GM + SM injection helped improve calf contour. Although the thickness of the gastrocnemius muscle was reduced, reducing the leg circumference, the subcutaneous fat and soleus muscle had compensatory thickening after injection, especially over the long term, which may affect the efficacy. Compared with the GM group, the GM + SM group effectively reduced the tendency of the soleus muscle to thicken. Calf muscle thickness could be roughly estimated by constructing a fitting equation and measuring height, weight, and leg circumference.

Conclusions
Two injection methods achieved the effect of improving calf contour and reducing the leg circumference with equivalent patient satisfaction. The GM + SM injection group did not show any obvious extra clinical benefit when compared with the GM injection group.

Level of Evidence: 2