bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problemy charakteru prawnego i funkcjonowania Państwa Związkowego (Białorusi i Rosji). Ujęcie normatywne
Authors: Czachor Rafał 
Published: December 2023

Spośród wszystkich struktur integracyjnych funkcjonujących na obszarze postradzieckim Państwo Związkowe Białorusi i Rosji jest najbardziej zaawansowane. Mimo to obecne rezultaty integracji są niewielkie i kontrastują z oficjalnymi deklaracjami władz obu państw. W związku z powyższym celem niniejszego artykułu jest określenie charakteru prawnego Związku Białorusi i Rosji powołanego na mocy umowy z grudnia 1999 roku, jego struktury instytucjonalnej oraz ujawnienie głównych przeszkód w funkcjonowaniu. O ile do tej pory to zagadnienie podejmowane było z perspektywy politologicznej, o tyle niniejszy artykuł skupia się na kwestiach normatywnych.
Artykuł rozpoczyna się od zarysu kolejnych aktów prawnomiędzynarodowych, które doprowadziły do powstania Państwa Związkowego. Następnie omówiono jego strukturę, system źródeł prawa i główne problemy procesu integracyjnego. Artykuł kończy się przeglądem stanowisk rosyjskiej i białoruskiej doktryny w kwestii charakteru prawnego Państwa Związkowego. Stwierdzono, że Państwo Związkowe jest sui generis organizacją międzynarodową o celach integracyjnych. Ograniczone efekty ponad dwóch dekad integracji uwarunkowane są odmiennymi interesami władz obu państw.
Student motivation in learning and perceptions of online teachers
Authors: Sason Hava , Blau Rivka , Wasserman Egoza 
Published: December 2023

The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between students’ motivation for learning in an online course and their perceptions regarding the teacher’s role. 520 undergraduate students at a college participated in asynchronous online courses and responded to a closed-ended questionnaire about their motivation for learning and their expectations regarding the teacher’s role in online courses. The study’s findings indicate significant relationships between the students' different types of motivation for learning in the online course and their perception of the teacher's role in these courses. For example, students with high levels of self-efficacy and control over their learning beliefs expect the teacher to meet their pedagogical and differentiating roles. However, students with high levels of test anxiety expect the teacher to meet affective and technological needs. Therefore, when preparing online courses, these differences must be taken into account and teachers must carefully consider how they fulfill their role. For example, if teachers focus solely on the pedagogical role, it is likely to negatively affect the success of students facing high levels of anxiety. However, teachers who primarily promote affective social interactions will disappoint another group of students. Enhancing teachers’ awareness of the association between students’ motivation and their expectations of their teachers could help teachers plan their courses to best meet their students’ needs and perhaps reduce dropping out.
The selection of ventilation devices in children with mild or moderate upper respiratory tract infections: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: liu xiang , tan xiaona , cao hongyan , qiao li , shi jing , shi lei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Practicing anesthesia in children with upper respiratory tract infections ( URTI ) increases the risk of perioperative respiratory adverse events ( PRAE ). Several observational trials have shown the supraglottic airway is a potentially alternative for airway management in children. The purpose of the study was to determine the selection of ventilation devices in children with mild or moderate URTI.
Methods: 80 children patients were included with mild or moderate URTI, and received either a laryngeal mask airway ( LMA ) or an endotracheal tube ( ETT ). Patients were observed for the appearance of any complications such as cough, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, breath-holding, postoperative stridor or desaturation less than 90% at the following times: induction of anesthesia, tube placement, during surgery, during tube removal, and in the postanesthesia care unit ( PACU ).
Results: 41 children had PRAE in this study. Children receiving an endotracheal tube were more likely to have a PRAE than those who received a LMA (29 [72.5%] vs 12 [31.5%]; risk ratio ( RR )0.417, 95% confidence interval ( CI ), 0.248–0.701, P<0.0001). There was a significantly lower incidence of minor PRAE in the LMA group compared with the ETT group during intraoperatively ( RR 0.364, 95% CI 0.192-0.688, P=0.0001 ). There were differences between groups with respect to the incidence of perioperative cough ( P = 0.043 ) and desaturation ( P = 0.031 ).
Conclusions: The supraglottic airway reduced the incidence of coughing, bronchospasm, and oxygen desaturation, and provided an acceptable alternative to the ETT in children with mild or moderate URTI.
Trial registration: This randomized controlled trial was approved by the ethics committee of children's hospital of hebei province (Number:165) and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( ChiCTR1900025530 ); The full date of first trial registration in the format(31/08/2019).
Study on the changes of soil inorganic carbon after afforestation in arid sandy land of Alxa
Authors: Zhu Xinglin , Si Jianhua , Jia Bing , He Xiaohui , Zhou Dongmeng , Wang Chunlin , Qin Jie , Liu Zijin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Alxa is a region with severe land desertification and extreme ecological fragility in China. The plantation in the area has effectively curbed the desertification of the local land. However, Studies on soil inorganic carbon（SIC）dynamics after sandy land afforestation are still relatively few. Understanding SIC profiles' distribution and stock changes after afforestation is essential for assessing regional, continental, and global soil carbon sink potential. Using 5, 11, 22, and 46 years of Haloxylon ammodendron (H. ammodendron) plantations and control sands (MS) in the Alxa region, we studied the variation characteristics of SIC with increasing stand age from 0 to 300 cm. Within the 0-300 cm soil layer, SIC storage increased significantly after afforestation, with 46yrs increasing by 6.52 kg m-2 compared to MS. SIC sequestration rate (CSR) decreased with increasing stand age, in the order of 5yrs（0.054 kg m-2 yr-1）＞11yrs（0.025 kg m-2 yr-1）＞22yrs（0.016 kg m-2 yr-1）＞46yrs（0.009 kg m-2 yr-1）. The 100~300 cm SIC storage accounts for over 60% of the SIC pool. Soil carbon pool estimation will be largely underestimated if only the shallow SIC is considered.
Evaluation of livestock manure-bearing effect and biogas potential in Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Chang zhen , Zhao XingLing , Wu Kai , Zhang Jian , Liang Chengyue , Wang Changmei , Yang Bin , Yin Fang , Zhang Yunjie , Zhang Wudi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Improving the manure resource reuse rate is urgently needed for the animal husbandry industry in Yunnan Province. The daily production and pollutant content coefficients of livestock and poultry manure and urine were used to calculate livestock and poultry waste discharge and the content of substantial pollutants, based on the year-end livestock and poultry breeding inventory in Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2020. Nitrogen and phosphorus carrying capacities, total manure carrying capacities, and bearing early warning values per unit of cultivated land area were measured. The biogas potential was estimated by measuring the daily biogas production from livestock manure. The results showed that the total carrying capacity of livestock and poultry pollution in Yunnan Province was approximately 20.51–25.83 t/hm2, the bearing early warning value was constantly at level II (low potential environmental risk), and the average annual manure biogas production was 4.73 billion m3. This translates to an average annual gross domestic product potential of 4.24 billion yuan. Thus, the province should improve the reuse rate of manure and reduce pollution on cultivated land while developing livestock and poultry breeding.
PAPVC with TS—Surgically managed with bilateral ectopic drainage ：a case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhuang Zhulun , Yang Xun , Zhao Yuhang , Shi Mengfan , Mo Xuming , Qi Jirong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is a congenital anomaly disease, which is more common on the right side and rarely involves the left .Turner syndrome(TS)is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities in humans,and about half of people with TS have congenital or acquired cardiovascular disease.This is the only case of PAPVC with TS in our hospital in more than 70 years, and the disease is extremely rare internationally. We analyzed and studied these two unexpected related diseases from the aspects of clinical diagnosis and surgery, hoping to provide help for the research of TS disease in the cardiovascular field.Case presentation We report an unusual type of bilateral PAPVC, involving the right superior pulmonary veins(RSPV) draining into the superior vena cava(SVC)and the left superior pulmonary veins(LSPV) flowing into the left brachiocephalic vein(LBV) in a young child who was eventually diagnosed with TS.There is an intact intracardiac structure and no other obvious manifestations except for unexplained short stature.The child underwent successful surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) support, behaving good recovery and was discharged on 8 days.Conclusions: Our findings identified a novel pattern of pulmonary venous variation in patients with TS and provide new insights in the large vascular neighborhood of the heart.Thanks to advances in image-assisted diagnosis and chromosomal karyotyping, this child was diagnosed at an early stage of the disease, avoiding the occurrence of poor prognosis. We should exclude the presence of PAPVC in TS patients, strengthen the understanding of the disease, develop individualized surgical treatment plan, so as to shun medical errors.
Effects of zokor mounds on the stability of soil micro-foodweb in lightly disturbed alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Nian Lili , Li Liangliang , Yang Yingbo , Zhang Xiaoning , Liu Xingyu , Nian Zuobin , Liu Xiaoyu , Wu Yingying , Zhao Qiqi , Liu Xuelu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) is a subterranean rodent endemic to the alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Zokor mound building changes plant communities and soil conditions. In our study, the soil soil microorganisms and nematode communities, and soil physicochemical properties in the zokor mounds with dominant plant groups Potentilla anserina (PM), Leontopodium leontopodioides (LM) and naked new zokor mound (NM) were investigated in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The Chao1 index and Shannon diversity index of bacteria and nematodes in PM were higher than those in other treatments. At the same time, the Chao1 index of fungi in PM was also higher. However, fungal Shannon diversity index, total nematode metabolic footprint, bacterivorous nematode metabolic footprint and omnivorous predatory nematode metabolic footprint were higher in NM. The metabolic footprint of plant-parasitic nematodes in LM was higher than that of other treatments. The functional metabolic footprint, enrichment index and structural index of soil nematodes all showed the order of NM > CK > PM > LM, indicating that the soil micro-foodweb structure of NM is relatively stable. Energy flow analysis showed that bacterial and fungal energy flow channels were dominant in PM, while plant energy flow channels had the highest proportion in LM, indicating that soil food web energy conversion and utilization efficiency in PM was higher. In addition, we found that the NM soil micro-foodweb was dominated by fungal decomposition, while PM was dominated by bacterial decomposition. Furthermore, bottom-up effects of nutrients in zokor mounds of different vegetation types determine the structure and activity of these pathways.
Study of Correlation of machining performance and geometrical tolerances of Si3N4 -TiN composites using EDM process
Authors: Manikandan K. P. , Thirugnanam S. , Selvarajan L. , TS SENTHILKUMAR 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of this research work is to enhance the machining characteristics and geometrical tolerances of Si3N4–TiN ceramic composite using a copper electrode as the EDM tool. The investigation encompassed a comprehensive exploration of various machining parameters, including polarity, current (amp), pulse on time (µs), pulse off time (µs), dielectric pressure (Kg/cm2), gap voltage (v), spark gap (mm), and servo speed (m/s), utilizing a Taguchi L18 orthogonal array. Throughout the EDM process, meticulous scrutiny was applied to output characteristics such as material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), wear ratio (WR), surface roughness (Ra), top radial overcut (ROC-Top), bottom radial overcut (ROC-Bottom), top diameter of the drilled hole, bottom diameter of the drilled hole, taper angle (Ѳ), circularity (CIR), cylindricity (CYL), perpendicularity (PER), and runout (RO). The higher pulse current promotes the formation of a stable plasma channel which results in increasing the material removal rate. The improved flushing action helps to minimize the recast layer, leading to a smoother surface finish and reduced surface roughness. The experimental results demonstrate that as the spark gap increases from 0.18mm to 0.25mm, the Runout, Electrode Wear Rate, ROC Bottom, ROC Top, and Taper Angle drastically reduce.
A machine learning approach to Nemrut Dağ and Bingöl Obsidians: non-invasive and non-destructive geochemical analyses for provenance source of Tulūl al Baqarat tools (Iraq)
Authors: Vaggelli Gloria , Cossio Roberto , Borghi Alessandro , Lippolis Carlo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A machine learning approach to Nemrut Dağ and Bingöl geological obsidians was performed to determine the provenance of source material of nine obsidian blades from the archaeological site of Tulūl al Baqarat (Iraq). Obsidians tools have been chemically analysed with a non-invasive and non-destructive approach by a low vacuum SEM-EDS microprobe for determining major and minor elements and by a bench-to-top micro-XRF for trace elements. To identify the supply volcanic complex which produced the blocks from which they were knapped, a geochemical identification of Turkish obsidian sources, from the volcano to the artefact samples, was carried out introducing the use of the machine learning approach as exhaustive discriminative approach with complementary well-known geochemical comparisons and Principal Component Analysis. Obsidian tools show a rather homogeneous comendite and peraluminous rhyolite composition with an high Zr amount which excludes most obsidian outcrops in Turkish and Armenian volcanic sites as original obsidian sources. However, only using a machine learning approach to major, minor and trace elements, the obsidian tools have resulted geochemically comparable to Nemrut Dağ mild alkaline rhyolitic obsidians from pre-caldera eruptions, and now outcropping inside the caldera and in Sicaksu exposure. This source provenance from Nemrut Dağ stratovolcano in South-eastern Turkey, located near the Turkish route of the Tigris River, supports the evidence of a network of trade and broad exchange since 4th Millennium from Turkey and the South Near East, presumably through the basins of the Tigris and Euphrates to the shores of the Persian Gulf.
The disulfidptosis-related signature associated with the tumor environment and prognosis of patients with Colon Cancer
Authors: Zhang Qiuhuan , mo chongde , Wei Suosu , Liu Fei , HOU Qiyan , Long Haibin , Zhu zhou , Dong Chenchen , Dong Lingguang , Yang Jianrong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Disulfidptosis, a novel form of metabolism-associated regulated cell death (RCD), is a promising target for therapeutic intervention in cancer. However, the molecular subtypes associated with disulfidptosis, as well as the associated metabolomics and immune microenvironment, have not been fully explored in a comprehensive analysis of the prognostic profile of colon cancer.
Methods: Based on the differences in the expression of disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs), patients with colon cancer(COAD) were divided into different subtypes by consensus clustering. Through univariate regression analysis and LASSO-Cox regression analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among three subtypes, we constructed and validated a DRG risk score to predict the prognosis of patients with COAD, while also identifying three gene subtypes. Analysis of DRG risk score, clinical characteristics, tumor microenvironment (TME), somatic cell mutations, and immunotherapy sensitivity revealed significant correlations between them. Finally, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the expression levels of risk model prognostic signature genes in colon cancer specimens.
Results: Based on the differences in the expression of disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs), patients with colon cancer(COAD) were divided into different subtypes by consensus clustering. Through univariate regression analysis and LASSO-Cox regression analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among three subtypes, we constructed and validated a DRG risk score to predict the prognosis of patients with COAD, while also identifying three gene subtypes. Analysis of DRG risk score, clinical characteristics, tumor microenvironment (TME), somatic cell mutations, and immunotherapy sensitivity revealed significant correlations between them. Finally, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the expression levels of risk model prognostic signature genes in colon cancer specimens.
Conclusion: We identified 10 disulfide death prognostic signature genes that can help clinicians predict the prognosis of colon cancer patients and provide reference value for targeted therapy.
Plasma catalytic non-oxidative conversion of methane into hydrogen and light hydrocarbons
Authors: Gang Yonggang , Long Yanhui , Wang Kaiyi , Zhang Yilin , Ren Xuping , Zhang Hao , Li Xiaodong D. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Recently, direct non-oxidative conversion of methane (NOCM) into hydrogen and light hydrocarbons has garnered considerable attention. In our work, we employed a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma over a GaN/SBA15 catalyst for NOCM. Adding catalyst to plasma remarkably promotes the conversion of CH4, resulting in a significant improvement, for instance, from 27.8–39.2%. A systematic investigation of plasma performance at different discharge powers with and without catalyst was conducted. In the case of plasma + 15wt% GaN/SBA15, CH4 conversion reaches an impressive 79.4%. However, it exhibits the lowest selectivity of 14.4% for C2+, while achieving the highest selectivity for hydrogen at 48.9%. Several characterization methods, including XRD, SEM, BET, XPS, and TPO-MS, were used to study the mechanism of the reaction. Plasma electrons and ions can effectively interact with activated CH3 radicals, promoting their adsorption onto Ga sites on the catalyst surface. Simultaneously, hydrogen atoms adsorb onto neighboring N atoms, rapidly delocalizing to produce H2, and the delocalization of hydrogen atoms in C species leads to the formation of species like CxHy. This study highlights the potential of plasma catalysis in significantly improving CH4 conversion at lower temperatures and atmospheric pressure.
Prevalence and Determinants of Moderate-to-Severe Anaemia in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: OKUNADE Kehinde S. , OLOWOSELU Festus O. , OYEDEJI Olufemi A. , OSHODI Yusuf A. , UGWU Aloy O. , OLUMODEJI Ayokunle , ADEJIMI Adebola A. , ADENEKAN Muisi A. , OJO Temitope , ADEMUYIWA Iyabo Y. , ADARAMOYE Victoria , OKORO Austin C. , OLOWE Atinuke O. , ADELABU Hameed , AKINMOLA Olukayode O. , YUSUF Salmah , OLUWOLE Ayodeji A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The high burden of anaemia during pregnancy underscores the urgent need to gain a comprehensive understanding of the factors contributing to its widespread occurrence.
Objectives
Our study assessed the prevalence of moderate-to-severe anaemia (MSA) in late pregnancy (28 to 36 weeks) and investigated the key determinants driving this prevalence among women in Lagos, Nigeria.
Methods
We conducted a secondary data analysis involving 1216 women enrolled in the Predict-PPH study between January and March 2023. We employed a multivariate binary logistic regression model with a backward stepwise selection approach to identify significant predictors of MSA.
Results
The study revealed a 14.5% prevalence of MSA during pregnancy. Independent predictors of MSA included having given birth to two or more children (adjusted odds ratio = 1.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–2.07), having a maternal body mass index (BMI) of 28 kg/m2 or higher (adjusted odds ratio = 1.84, 95% confidence interval: 1.29–2.61), having less than tertiary education (adjusted odds ratio = 1.51, 95% confidence interval: 1.08–2.11), and being unemployed (adjusted odds ratio = 1.97, 95% confidence interval: 1.19–3.26).
Conclusion
Regular antenatal care is paramount, especially for pregnant women with higher parities and elevated BMI, as it allows for monitoring of their haemoglobin status and nutritional needs. Moreover, addressing the connection between low education, unemployment, poverty, and anaemia necessitates the implementation of comprehensive strategies that empower women in terms of education and economic status to help break the cycle of poverty and enhance the overall well-being of individuals and communities, ultimately reducing the prevalence of anaemia and associated health issues in pregnancy.