bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Terrestrial Carbon Export and CO2 Evasion From Global Inland Waters Since the Preindustrial Era
Authors: Tian Hanqin , Yao Yuanzhi , Li Ya , Shi Hao , Pan Shufen , Najjar Raymond G. , Pan Naiqing , Bian Zihao , Ciais Philippe , Cai Wei‐Jun , Dai Minhan , Friedrichs Marjorie A. M. , Li Hong‐Yi , Lohrenz Steven , Leung L. Ruby 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlobal carbon dioxide (CO2) evasion from inland waters (rivers, lakes, and reservoirs) and carbon (C) export from land to oceans constitute critical terms in the global C budget. However, the magnitudes, spatiotemporal patterns, and underlying mechanisms of these fluxes are poorly constrained. Here, we used a coupled terrestrial–aquatic model to assess how multiple changes in climate, land use, atmospheric CO2 concentration, nitrogen (N) deposition, N fertilizer and manure applications have affected global CO2 evasion and riverine C export along the terrestrial‐aquatic continuum. We estimate that terrestrial C loadings, riverine C export, and CO2 evasion in the preindustrial period (1800s) were 1,820 ± 507 (mean ± standard deviation), 765 ± 132, and 841 ± 190 Tg C yr−1, respectively. During 1800–2019, multifactorial global changes caused an increase of 25% (461 Tg C yr−1) in terrestrial C loadings, reaching 2,281 Tg C yr−1 in the 2010s, with 23% (104 Tg C yr−1) of this increase exported to the ocean and 59% (273 Tg C yr−1) being emitted to the atmosphere. Our results showed that global inland water recycles and exports nearly half of the net land C sink into the atmosphere and oceans, highlighting the important role of inland waters in the global C balance, an amount that should be taken into account in future C budgets. Our analysis supports the view that a major feature of the global C cycle–the transfer from land to ocean–has undergone a dramatic change over the last two centuries as a result of human activities.
Kelvin‐Helmholtz Waves and Magnetic Reconnection at the Earth's Magnetopause Under Southward Interplanetary Magnetic Field
Authors: Li Tongkuai , Li Wenya , Tang Binbin , Khotyaintsev Yuri. V. , Graham Daniel Bruce , Ardakani Akhtar , Burch J. L. , Gershman D. J. , Lavraud B. , Russell C. T. , Lu Quanming , Guo Xiaocheng , Wang Chi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe present Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations of a K‐H wave event under southward IMF conditions, accompanied by ongoing magnetic reconnection. The nonlinear K‐H waves are characterized by quasi‐periodic fluctuations, the presence of low‐density and high‐speed ions, and variations in the boundary normal vectors at both the leading and trailing edges. Our observations reveal clear evidence of on‐going magnetic reconnection through the identification of Alfvénic ion jets and the escape of energetic magnetospheric electrons. Among the 36 magnetopause current‐sheet crossings in this event, 19 exhibit unambiguous signatures of reconnection at both the leading (7) and trailing (12) edges. Notably, the estimated current‐sheet thicknesses at both edges are comparable to the ion‐inertial scale, confirming the compression effect resulting from the large‐scale evolution of the K‐H waves. The reconnection jets potentially contribute to the suppression of K‐H growth through boundary‐layer broadening and the development of complex flow and magnetic field patterns.
Space Weather Disturbances in Non‐Stormy Times: Occurrence of dB/dt Spikes During Three Solar Cycles
Authors: Hamrin M. , Schillings A. , Opgenoorth H. , Nesbit‐Östman S. , Krämer E. , Araújo J. , Baddeley L. , Gunell H. , Pitkänen T. , Gjerloev J. , Barnes R. J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSpatio‐temporal variations of ionospheric currents cause rapid magnetic field variations at ground level and Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) that can be harmful for human infrastructure. The risk for large excursions in the magnetic field time derivative, “dB/dt spikes”, is known to be high during geomagnetic storms and substorms. However, less is known about the occurrence of spikes during non‐stormy times. We use data from ground‐based globally covering magnetometers (SuperMAG database) from the years 1985–2021. We investigate the spike occurrence (|dB/dt| > 100 nT/min) as a function of magnetic local time (MLT), magnetic latitude (Mlat), and the solar cycle phases during non‐stormy times (−15 nT ≤ SYM‐H < 0). We sort our data into substorm (AL < 200 nT) intervals (“SUB”) and less active intervals between consecutive substorms (“nonSUB”). We find that spikes commonly occur in both SUBs and nonSUBs during non‐stormy times (3–23 spikes/day), covering 18–12 MLT and 65°–80° Mlat. This also implies a risk for infrastructure damage during non‐stormy times, especially when several spikes occur nearby in space and time, possibly causing infrastructure weathering. We find that spikes are more common in the declining phase of the solar cycle, and that the occurrence of SUB spikes propagates from one midnight to one morning hotspot with ∼10 min in MLT for each minute in universal time (UTC). Finally, we discuss causes for the spikes in terms of spatio‐temporal variations of ionospheric currents.
Simulating Electron Distribution Function in the Pulsating Aurora Using Particle and Wave Data of ARASE Satellite
Authors: Khazanov George V. , Ma Qianli , Chu Mike 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDecades lasting research on the pulsating aurora suggested that this phenomenon forms as result of interactions between the magnetospheric keVs electrons and whistler‐mode chorus waves. Arase satellite observation reported the direct evidence for this process confirming in situ measurement of highly correlated precipitated electrons and chorus wave activity. This paper presents the theoretical analysis of this observational event based on the SuperThermal Electron Transport (STET) code that simulates the highly dynamic environment of measured waves and particle data. Specifically, the STET code simulated results confirms the delicate loss‐cone observation results of this mission and further reveals the broader energy range of precipitated electron fluxes that was not measurable by Arase satellite.
Ambient‐Noise Wave‐Equation Tomography of the Alps and Ligurian‐Provence Basin
Authors: Nouibat A. , Brossier R. , Stehly L. , Cao J. , Paul A. ,   Cifalps Team and AlpArray Working Group
Published: October 2023

AbstractTaking benefit of the AlpArray temporary network and permanent networks in W‐Europe, we construct a 3‐D onshore‐offshore velocity model of the crust and upper mantle using ambient‐noise wave‐equation tomography. We use a frequency‐dependent phase traveltime misfit function in an iterative procedure to refine a recent 3‐D Vs model computed from a Bayesian two‐step ambient noise tomography. Observed waveforms consist of vertical‐component noise correlations from 600 broadband stations in the Alps and surroundings, including ocean‐bottom seismometers in the Ligurian sea. We perform 3‐D inversion in the 5–85 s period range. In the long‐period band (20–85 s), an elastic approximation is considered, while in the 5–20 s band, we account for the effect of water layer in the Ligurian sea by applying a fluid‐solid coupling for acoustic‐elastic waveform simulations. The resulting Vs model enhances the shape and contrast of velocity structures, accounting for 3‐D and finite‐frequency effects. It emphasizes the deep sediments of the Ligurian‐Provence basin and focuses on the low‐velocity anomalies of the crust in the W‐Alps. We obtain a high‐resolution Moho depth map covering the Alps and Ligurian sea. In the W‐Alps, this map confirms the deepening of the European crust following the subduction beneath Adria and the existence of major structures such as the Moho jump beneath the external crystalline massifs and shallow depths associated with the Ivrea Body. It provides further constraints on the deep structure beneath the Ligurian‐Provence basin, regarding the lateral and along‐strike crustal‐thickness variations from the oceanic domain to the conjugate margins.
Microphysical Characteristics of Snowfall on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xu Xin , Chen Xuelong , Zhao Xi , Cao Dianbin , Liu Yajing , Li Luhan , Ma Yaoming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSnowfall on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is crucially important to the hydrological cycle and glacier acceleration over the TP and surroundings. Climate and weather models are challenged by biases and uncertainties in representing microphysical characteristics of snowfall over TP. In order to bridge the gaps in our understanding of microphysical characteristics of snowfall on the southeastern TP (SETP), an integrated and systematic measurement is conducted at the South‐East Tibetan Plateau Station during the two winters of 2022–2023. It is the first time to conduct a long‐term measurement of microphysical characteristics of snowfall on the SETP. The major objective of this campaign was to collect cloud microphysical properties including, fall velocity, aspect ratio, and particle size distribution (PSD). The results show that the particle number concentration is less than 103 mm−1·m−3, which is one to two orders of magnitude smaller than that reported in low‐altitudes in eastern China. The shape parameter μ is mainly in the range 0–4, and the slope parameter λ is mainly in the range 3–7 mm−1, exceeding the values for eastern China. In heavy snowfall processes (snowfall rate (SR) exceeding 2 mm/hr), the collision‐coalescence process between snowfall particles is enhanced, and the number concentration of small particles decreases with SR, whereas that of large particles increases. A negative correlation was observed between the aspect ratio and the diameter of snowfall particles. The microphysical characteristics of snowfall will be used to improve the microphysical scheme and evaluate the representation of precipitation in the climate model.
Paleogene Paleohydrology of Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg Islands (Arctic Canada) From Palustrine Carbonates
Authors: Padgett Ashly B. , Hyland Ethan G. , West Christopher K. , Burgener Landon K. , Greenwood David R. , Basinger James F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAncient greenhouse periods are useful analogs for predicting effects of anthropogenic climate change on regional and global temperature and precipitation patterns. A paucity of terrestrial data from polar regions during warm episodes challenges our understanding of polar climate responses to natural/anthropogenic change and therefore our ability to predict future changes in precipitation. Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg Islands in the Canadian Arctic preserve terrestrial deposits spanning the late Paleocene to middle Eocene (59–45 Ma). Here we expand on existing regional sedimentology and paleontology through the addition of stable (δ13C, δ18O) and clumped (Δ47) isotope analyses on palustrine carbonates. δ13C isotope values range from −4.6 to +12.3‰ (VPDB), and δ18O isotope values range from −23.1 to −15.2‰ (VPDB). Both carbon and oxygen isotope averages decrease with increasing diagenetic alteration. Unusually enriched carbon isotope (δ13C) values suggest that analyzed carbonates experienced repeated dissolution‐precipitation enrichment cycles, potentially caused by seasonal fluctuations in water availability resulting in summer carbonate dissolution followed by winter carbonate re‐precipitation. Stable isotopes suggest some degree of precipitation seasonality or reduction in winter water availability in the Canadian Arctic during the Paleogene. Clumped (Δ47) temperature estimates range from 52 to 121°C and indicate low temperature solid‐state reordering of micritic samples and diagenetic recrystallization in sparry samples. Average temperatures agree with vitrinite reflectance data for Eureka Sound Group and underlying sediments, highlighting structural complexity across the region. Broadly, combined stable and clumped isotope data from carbonates in complex systems are effective for describing both paleoclimatic and post‐burial conditions.
Characterizing the regulatory Fas (CD95) epitope critical for agonist antibody targeting and CAR-T bystander function in ovarian cancer
Authors: Mondal Tanmoy , Gaur Himanshu , Wamba Brice E. N. , Michalak Abby Grace , Stout Camryn , Watson Matthew R. , Aleixo Sophia L. , Singh Arjun , Condello Salvatore , Faller Roland , Leiserowitz Gary Scott , Bhatnagar Sanchita , Tushir-Singh Jogender 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReceptor clustering is the most critical step to activate extrinsic apoptosis by death receptors belonging to the TNF superfamily. Although clinically unsuccessful, using agonist antibodies, the death receptors-5 remains extensively studied from a cancer therapeutics perspective. However, despite its regulatory role and elevated function in ovarian and other solid tumors, another tumor-enriched death receptor called Fas (CD95) remained undervalued in cancer immunotherapy until recently, when its role in off-target tumor killing by CAR-T therapies was imperative. By comprehensively analyzing structure studies in the context of the binding epitope of FasL and various preclinical Fas agonist antibodies, we characterize a highly significant patch of positively charged residue epitope (PPCR) in its cysteine-rich domain 2 of Fas. PPCR engagement is indispensable for superior Fas agonist signaling and CAR-T bystander function in ovarian tumor models. A single-point mutation in FasL or Fas that interferes with the PPCR engagement inhibited apoptotic signaling in tumor cells and T cells. Furthermore, considering that clinical and immunological features of the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) are directly attributed to homozygous mutations in FasL, we reveal differential mechanistic details of FasL/Fas clustering at the PPCR interface compared to described ALPS mutations. As Fas-mediated bystander killing remains vital to the success of CAR-T therapies in tumors, our findings highlight the therapeutic analytical design for potentially effective Fas-targeting strategies using death agonism to improve cancer immunotherapy in ovarian and other solid tumors.
Extracellular vesicles from subjects with COPD modulate cancer initiating cells phenotype through HIF-1α shuttling
Authors: Petraroia Ilaria , Ghidotti Patrizia , Bertolini Giulia , Pontis Francesca , Roz Luca , Balsamo Melissa , Suatoni Paola , Pastorino Ugo , Ferretti Anna Maria , Sozzi Gabriella , Fortunato Orazio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a risk factor for lung cancer development. COPD induces activation of hypoxia-induced signaling, causing remodeling of surrounding microenvironmental cells also modulating the release and cargo of their extracellular vesicles (EVs). We aimed to evaluate the potential role of circulating EVs from COPD subjects in lung cancer onset. Plasma-EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation from heavy smoker volunteers with (COPD-EVs) or without (heavy smoker-EVs, HS-EV) COPD and characterized following MISEV guidelines. Immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (CDK4, hTERT-HBEC3-KT), genetically modified with different oncogenic alterations commonly found in lung cancer (sh-p53, KRASV12), were used to test plasma-EVs pro-tumorigenic activity in vitro. COPD-EVs mainly derived from immune and endothelial cells. COPD-EVs selectively increased the subset of CD133+CXCR4+ metastasis initiating cells (MICs) in HBEC-sh-p53-KRASV12high cells and stimulated 3D growth, migration/invasion, and acquisition of mesenchymal traits. These effects were not observed in HBEC cells bearing single oncogenic mutation (sh-p53 or KRASV12). Mechanistically, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) transferred from COPD-EVs triggers CXCR4 pathway activation that in turn mediates MICs expansion and acquisition of pro-tumorigenic effects. Indeed, HIF-1α inhibition or CXCR4 silencing prevented the acquisition of malignant traits induced by COPD-EVs alone. Hypoxia recapitulates the effects observed with COPD-EVs in HBEC-sh-p53-KRASV12high cells. Notably, higher levels of HIF-1α were observed in EVs from COPD subjects who subsequently developed cancer compared to those who remained cancer-free. Our findings support a role of COPD-EVs to promote the expansion of MICs in premalignant epithelial cells through HIF-1α-CXCR4 axis activation thereby potentially sustaining lung cancer progression.
Growing recyclable and healable piezoelectric composites in 3D printed bioinspired structure for protective wearable sensor
Authors: He Qingqing , Zeng Yushun , Jiang Laiming , Wang Ziyu , Lu Gengxi , Kang Haochen , Li Pei , Bethers Brandon , Feng Shengwei , Sun Lizhi , Sun Peter , Gong Chen , Jin Jie , Hou Yue , Jiang Runjian , Xu Wenwu , Olevsky Eugene , Yang Yang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBionic multifunctional structural materials that are lightweight, strong, and perceptible have shown great promise in sports, medicine, and aerospace applications. However, smart monitoring devices with integrated mechanical protection and piezoelectric induction are limited. Herein, we report a strategy to grow the recyclable and healable piezoelectric Rochelle salt crystals in 3D-printed cuttlebone-inspired structures to form a new composite for reinforcement smart monitoring devices. In addition to its remarkable mechanical and piezoelectric performance, the growth mechanisms, the recyclability, the sensitivity, and repairability of the 3D-printed Rochelle salt cuttlebone composite were studied. Furthermore, the versatility of composite has been explored and applied as smart sensor armor for football players and fall alarm knee pads, focusing on incorporated mechanical reinforcement and electrical self-sensing capabilities with data collection of the magnitude and distribution of impact forces, which offers new ideas for the design of next-generation smart monitoring electronics in sports, military, aerospace, and biomedical engineering.
Projected changes in atmospheric moisture transport contributions associated with climate warming in the North Atlantic
Authors: Fernández-Alvarez José C. , Pérez-Alarcón Albenis , Eiras-Barca Jorge , Rahimi Stefan , Nieto Raquel , Gimeno Luis 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlobal warming and associated changes in atmospheric circulation patterns are expected to alter the hydrological cycle, including the intensity and position of moisture sources. This study presents predicted changes for the middle and end of the 21st century under the SSP5-8.5 scenario for two important extratropical moisture sources: the North Atlantic Ocean (NATL) and Mediterranean Sea (MED). Changes over the Iberian Peninsula—considered as a strategic moisture sink for its location—are also studied in detail. By the end of the century, moisture from the NATL will increase precipitation over eastern North America in winter and autumn and on the British Isles in winter. Moisture from the MED will increase precipitation over the southern and western portions of the Mediterranean continental area. Precipitation associated with the MED moisture source will decrease mainly over eastern Europe, while that associated with the NATL will decrease over western Europe and Africa. Precipitation recycling on the Iberian Peninsula will increase in all seasons except summer for mid-century. Climate change, as simulated by CESM2 thus modifies atmospheric moisture transport, affecting regional hydrological cycles.
A randomized controlled trial testing a virtual program for Asian American women breast cancer survivors
Authors: Im Eun-Ok , Chee Wonshik , Paul Sudeshna , Choi Mi-Young , Kim Seo Yun , Deatrick Janet A. , Inouye Jillian , Ma Grace , Meghani Salimah , Nguyen Giang T. , Schapira Marilyn M. , Ulrich Connie M. , Yeo SeonAe , Bao Ting , Shin David , Mao Jun J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA culturally tailored virtual program could meet the survivorship needs of Asian American women breast cancer survivors (AABC). This study aims to determine the efficacy of a culturally tailored virtual information and coaching/support program (TICAA) in improving AABC’s survivorship experience. A randomized clinical trial (NCT02803593) was conducted from January 2017 to June 2020 among 199 AABC. The intervention group utilized TICAA and the American Cancer Society [ACS] website while the control group used only ACS website for 12 weeks. The outcomes were measured using the SCNS-34SF (needs; primary), the MSAS-SF (symptoms; secondary), and the FACT-B (quality of life; secondary). The data were analyzed using an intent-to-treat approach. The intervention group showed significant reductions in their needs from the baseline (T0) to post 4 weeks (T1) and to post 12 weeks (T2). Although the changes were not statistically significant, the intervention group had decreased symptoms from T0 to T2 while the control group had an increase in their symptoms. The intervention group had a significant increase in their quality of life from T0 to T2. A culturally tailored virtual program could therefore improve quality of life in AABC patients. Trial Registration: To Enhance Breast Cancer Survivorship of Asian Americans (TICAA), NCT02803593, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02803593?titles=TICAA&draw=2&rank=1
Structural basis for the unique molecular properties of broad-range phospholipase C from Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Petrišič Nejc , Adamek Maksimiljan , Kežar Andreja , Hočevar Samo B. , Žagar Ema , Anderluh Gregor , Podobnik Marjetka 
Published: October 2023

AbstractListeriosis is one of the most serious foodborne diseases caused by the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Its two major virulence factors, broad-range phospholipase C (LmPC-PLC) and the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO), enable the bacterium to spread in the host by destroying cell membranes. Here, we determine the crystal structure of LmPC-PLC and complement it with the functional analysis of this enzyme. This reveals that LmPC-PLC has evolved several structural features to regulate its activity, including the invariant position of the N-terminal tryptophan (W1), the structurally plastic active site, Zn2+-dependent activity, and the tendency to form oligomers with impaired enzymatic activity. We demonstrate that the enzymatic activity of LmPC-PLC can be specifically inhibited by its propeptide added in trans. Furthermore, we show that the phospholipase activity of LmPC-PLC facilitates the pore-forming activity of LLO and affects the morphology of LLO oligomerization on lipid membranes, revealing the multifaceted synergy of the two virulence factors.
Mitigating a TDP-43 proteinopathy by targeting ataxin-2 using RNA-targeting CRISPR effector proteins
Authors: Zeballos C. M. Alejandra , Moore Hayden J. , Smith Tyler J. , Powell Jackson E. , Ahsan Najah S. , Zhang Sijia , Gaj Thomas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe TDP-43 proteinopathies, which include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, are a devastating group of neurodegenerative disorders that are characterized by the mislocalization and aggregation of TDP-43. Here we demonstrate that RNA-targeting CRISPR effector proteins, a programmable class of gene silencing agents that includes the Cas13 family of enzymes and Cas7–11, can be used to mitigate TDP-43 pathology when programmed to target ataxin-2, a modifier of TDP-43-associated toxicity. In addition to inhibiting the aggregation and transit of TDP-43 to stress granules, we find that the in vivo delivery of an ataxin-2-targeting Cas13 system to a mouse model of TDP-43 proteinopathy improved functional deficits, extended survival, and reduced the severity of neuropathological hallmarks. Further, we benchmark RNA-targeting CRISPR platforms against ataxin-2 and find that high-fidelity forms of Cas13 possess improved transcriptome-wide specificity compared to Cas7–11 and a first-generation effector. Our results demonstrate the potential of CRISPR technology for TDP-43 proteinopathies.