bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Underground Brine in Lop Nur, Northwestern China
Authors: BO Ying , LIU Chenglin , JIAO Pengcheng , LÜ Fenglin , ZHANG Hua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLop Nur is located at the eastmost end of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, Northwestern China. This study reviews the hydrochemical characteristics and evolution of underground brine in Lop Nur, based on analytical data from 429 water samples (mainly brine). It is found that in the NE–SW direction, from the periphery to the Luobei sub‐depression, while the hydrochemical type varies from the sodium sulfate subtype (S) to the magnesium sulfate subtype (M), the corresponding brine in the phase diagram transfers from the thenardite phase (Then) area, through the bloedite phase (Blo), epsomite phase (Eps), picromerite phase (Picro), finally reaching the sylvite phase (Syl) area. As for the degree of evolution, the sequence is the periphery < Luobei horizontally and the overlying glauberite brine < the underlying clastic brine vertically. It is concluded that the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of the brine have evidently been affected through the effects of evaporation and altitude, as well as the changes in local water circulation in recent years. Boron and chloride isotopic compositions show that the glauberite brine is formed under more arid conditions than the clastic one. The strontium isotopic composition indicates that the Lop Nur brine primarily originates from surface water; however, deep recharge may also be involved in the evolution of the brine, according to previous noble gas studies. It is confirmed that the brine in Lop Nur has become enriched with potassium prior to halite precipitation over the full course of the salt lake's evolution. Based on chemical compositions of brine from drillhole LDK01 and previous lithological studies, the evolution of the salt lake can be divided into three stages and it is inferred that the brine in Lop Nur may have undergone at least two significant concentration‐dilution periods.
Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology of Granite from the Xiazhuang Uranium Ore Field, South China: Implications for Exhumation History and Ore Preservation
Authors: SUN Yue , CHEN Zhengle , PAN Jiayong , HUO Hailong , LI Haidong , SUN Junjie , XU Guangchun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractXiazhuang uranium ore field, located in the southern part of the Nanling Metallogenic Belt, is considered one of the largest granite‐related U regions in South China. In this paper, we contribute new apatite fission track data and thermal history modeling to constrain the exhumation history and evaluate preservation potential of the Xiazhuang Uranium ore field. Nine Triassic outcrop granite samples collected from different locations of Xiazhuang Uranium ore field yield AFT ages ranging from 43 to 24 Ma with similar mean confined fission track lengths ranging from 11.8 ± 2.0 to 12.9 ± 1.9 μm and Dpar values between 1.01 and 1.51 μm. The robustness time‐temperature reconstructions of samples from the hanging wall of Huangpi fault show that the Xiazhuang Uranium ore field experienced a time of monotonous and slow cooling starting from middle Paleocene to middle Miocene (∼60–10 Ma), followed by relatively rapid exhumation in the late Miocene (∼10–5 Ma) and nearly thermal stability in the Pliocene–Quaternary (∼5–0 Ma). The amount of exhumation after U mineralization since the Middle Paleogene was estimated as ∼4.3 ± 1.8 km according to the integrated thermal history model. Previous studies indicate that the ore‐forming ages of U deposits in the Xiazhuang ore field are mainly before Middle Paleocene and the mineralization depths are more than 4.4 ± 1.2 km. Therefore, the exhumation history since middle Paleocene plays important roles in the preservation of the Xiazhuang Uranium ore field.
Early Cretaceous Metasomatized Lithospheric Mantle beneath the Central Jiangnan Orogen in South China: Geochemical and Sr‐Nd Isotope Evidence from the Tuanshanbei Dolerite
Authors: WANG Cheng , WEI Hantao , LIU Qingquan , YANG Zhao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIt is well established that Cretaceous magmatism in the South China Block (SCB) is related to the Paleo‐Pacific subduction. However, the starting time and the associated deep crust‐mantle processes are still debatable. Mafic dike swarms carry important information on the deep earth (including mantle) geodynamics and geochemical evolution. In the Jiangnan Orogen (South China), there is no information on whether the Mesozoic magmatic activities in this region are also directly related to the Pacific subduction or not. In this study, we present detailed zircon U‐Pb geochronological, whole‐rock element and Sr‐Nd isotope data for Early Cretaceous Tuanshanbei dolerite dikes, and provide new constraints on the condition of the lithospheric mantle and mantle dynamics of the SCB during that time. LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U‐Pb dating suggests that this dolerite erupted in the Early Cretaceous (∼145 Ma). All samples have alkaline geochemical affinities with K2O + Na2O = 3.11–4.04 wt%, K2O/Na2O = 0.50–0.72, and Mg# = 62.24–65.13. They are enriched in LILE but depleted in HFSE with higher initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0.706896–0.714743) and lower εNd(t) (–2.61 to –1.67). They have high Nb/U, Nb/La, La/Sm and Rb/Sr, and low La/Nb, La/Ta, Ce/Pb, Ba/Rb, Tb/Yb and Gd/Yb ratios. Such geochemical signatures suggest that the fractional crystallization is obvious but crustal contamination play a negligible role during magmatic evolution. Tuanshanbei dolerite were most likely derived from low‐degree (2%–5%) partial melting of a phlogopite‐bearing mantle material consisted of ∼85% spinel peridotite and ∼15% garnet peridotite previously metasomatized by asthenosphere‐derived fluids/melts with minor subduction‐derived fluids/melts. Slab‐rollback generally lead to the upwelling of the hot asthenosphere. The upwelling of asthenosphere consuming the lithospheric mantle by thermo‐mechanical‐chemical erosion. The lithospheric mantle may have partially melted due to the heating by the upwelling asthenosphere and lithospheric extension. It is inferred that the Tuanshanbei dolerite might be associated with the initial slab rollback and corresponding lithospheric extension occurred potentially at ca. 145 Ma.
Health insurance menu design for large employers
Authors: Ho Kate , Lee Robin S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe provide a framework for large employers designing a menu of health plan offerings that differ on both financial and nonfinancial dimensions. Using administrative data from Harvard University, we estimate a model of plan choice and utilization, and evaluate the benefits of cost sharing and plan variety. For this population of consumers, and a single plan with a generous out‐of‐pocket maximum and zero deductible, modest cost sharing of approximately 30% maximizes average employee surplus. Gains from offering choice are meaningful only if financial differentiation is paired with differentiation along other dimensions where consumer preferences are correlated with efficient coverage levels.
Data‐enabled learning, network effects, and competitive advantage
Authors: Hagiu Andrei , Wright Julian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe model dynamic competition between firms which improve their products through learning from customer data, either by pooling different customers' data (across‐user learning) or by learning from repeated usage of the same customers (within‐user learning). We show how a firm's competitive advantage is affected by the shape of firms' learning functions, asymmetries between their learning functions, the extent of data accumulation, and customer beliefs. We also explore how public policies toward data sharing, user privacy, and killer data acquisitions affect competitive dynamics and efficiency. Finally, we show conditions under which a consumer coordination problem arises endogenously from data‐enabled learning.
Localising aid: Urban displacement, contested public authority and legitimacy in Jordan and Lebanon
Authors: te Lintelo Dolf J. H. , Liptrot Tim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlobally, tens of millions of forcibly displaced people live in informal urban neighbourhoods. Although critical sites for humanitarian and development intervention, municipal authorities may have only a limited presence. Especially in conflict and post‐conflict settings, other non‐state actors emerge to compete for public authority. While the localisation agenda of international donors seeks to better engage local governance actors, little is known about how aid donors take account of non‐state public authority actors as they seek to achieve stability, state building, security and refugee resilience objectives. Accordingly, this study adopts a qualitative methodology to analyse how, why and to what effect donors conceive of and seek to address the legitimacy of state and non‐state urban public authority actors in their response to urban displacement. Analysis of the Syrian refugee crisis in Jordan and Lebanon shows that municipalities remain the focus, as donors hold three key assumptions that inform their interventions. Adopting sophisticated tools for understanding non‐state actors' pursuit of public authority, donor interventions seek to undergird, shift, work around, blank or ban their legitimacy‐making practices. We conclude that while donors embrace empirical legitimacy approaches, development and humanitarian responses to urban protracted displacement in marginal urban neighbourhoods are restricted by powerful normative legitimacy approaches rooted in foreign policy objectives.
Taking the hunch out of the crunch: A framework to improve variable selection in models to detect financial statement fraud
Authors: Gepp Adrian , Kumar Kuldeep , Bhattacharya Sukanto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFinancial statement fraud is a costly problem for society. Detection models can help, but a framework to guide variable selection for such models is lacking. A novel Fraud Detection Triangle (FDT) framework is proposed specifically for this purpose. Extending the well‐known Fraud Triangle, the FDT framework can facilitate improved detection models. Using Benford's law, we demonstrate the posited framework's utility in aiding variable selection via the element of surprise evoked by suspicious information latent in the data. We call for more research into variables that measure rationalisations for fraud and suspicious phenomena arising as unintended consequences of financial statement fraud.
Trypauchen vagina (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) a new established species in the Southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Trevisan João Pedro , Caires Rodrigo Antunes , Rodrigues Bruna Delfin Ferreira , Rotundo Matheus Marcos , Alves Douglas Fernandes Rodrigues , da Silva Alexandre Ribeiro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTrypauchen vagina (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) is a goby that lives burrowed into the substrata feeding on small invertebrates. It is native to the Indo‐pacific region, ranging from Kuwait to China. Recently, this fish has been reported outside the original range of distribution, being found in the Mediterranean Sea, and more recently in the northeastern Brazilian coast. The Mediterranean reports are usually associated with Lessepsian migration, while the reports from Brazil are possibly related to ballast water transportation. In the present work, we provide eight new records from southeastern Brazilian coast, all made in São Paulo state, far from the first record. These additional records raised concern since the presence of an alien species could implicate in environmental and economic losses. Thus, we decide to model the environmental suitability for this goby in the Brazilian coast, specially focusing on major ports, usually places with high ballast water propagule pressure. In addition, an analysis of the suitability in the Red Sea was also made, to verify the hypothesis of Lessepsian migration. The results revealed that temperature and primary productivity are among the most important parameters for the presence of T. vagina, also indicating a high environmental suitability for this species in the Red Sea and Brazilian coast, especially in southeastern region, where the new records were made. Due to the number of collected individuals, it is hard to affirm that this taxon presents a self‐sustaining population in Brazilian waters, but the several registers, in different locations and different life stages point to an establishment of the species in this new region. This population status allied with a high environmental suitability is alarming and should motivate new studies concerning T. vagina in Brazilian waters.
Species richness, occurrence and rarity of bats in Brazilian caves
Authors: Barros Jennifer S. , Bernard Enrico 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCaves are among the most important roosts of hundreds of bat species worldwide. However, caves can be formed in different lithologies. Cave structure and characteristics, which are shaped by lithology, can, in turn, influence roost preferences for different bat species. Therefore, cave lithology and characteristics can help us to better understand why some bat species may be rare in some caves and common in others. Brazil is a continental country, rich in bat species (181 spp.), lithologies and caves (>23 000). However, only a small fraction of the known caves has been sampled for bats so far, with no emphasis on the role lithology may have. Based on a literature review and using data on bat occurrence, in this study, we investigated the influence of lithology on bat species richness and rarity in Brazilian caves. We evaluated 117 studies, including data from 552 caves, and updated the number of bat species occurring in Brazilian caves to 81. Species richness differed between lithologies: carbonate caves had higher species richness, whereas iron caves had lower species richness. Richness was positively related to carbonate caves and with cave size: the bigger the cave, the more species‐rich it tends to be. Overall, caves in the Cerrado had the highest species richness, followed by Atlantic Forest, Caatinga caves and Amazonian caves. Thirteen species can be considered as primarily cave‐dwelling species, recorded in 10%–20% of the caves. Rarity was common among primarily cave‐dwelling species. Nearly 22% of the sampled caves harboured endangered species, reaching 53% of the species‐richest caves. Our analysis provides a comprehensive baseline for bat fauna in different types of caves in Brazil. Even so, we strongly recommend the establishment of long‐term monitoring of population trends for bats in Brazilian caves, which is necessary information but almost non‐existing for the country.
Modelling the potential distribution of the common impala (Aepyceros melampus melampus) across Africa's changing climate
Authors: Mutematemi Simbai , Ndaimani Henry , Muvengwi Justice 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe common impala (Aepyceros melampus melampus), a medium‐sized herbivore in Eastern and Southern African savannahs, faces challenges from climate change. Using a species distribution model, we found temperature of the driest quarter (30.32%) and wettest month precipitation (20.36%) as the most influential factors. Surprisingly, land cover change had less impact (0.25%). Projections suggest a significant habitat reduction for impalas by 2050, with estimated losses of 18.12% (SSP‐126) and 25.62% (SSP‐585). These findings highlight climate change and land cover alterations as potential threats to impala survival, impacting crucial resources like forage and water. This research guides conservation efforts for common impala.
Treatments for hyperemesis gravidarum: A systematic review
Authors: Vinnars Marie‐Therese , Forslund Maria , Claesson Ing‐Marie , Hedman Annicka , Peira Nathalie , Olofsson Hanna , Wernersson Emma , Ulfsdottir Hanna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionHyperemesis gravidarum affects 0.3%–3% of pregnant women each year and is the leading cause of hospitalization in early pregnancy. Previous systematic reviews of available treatments have found a lack of consistent evidence, and few studies of high quality. Since 2016, no systematic review has been conducted and an up‐to date review is requested. In a recent James Lind Alliance collaboration, it was clear that research on effective treatments is a high priority for both patients and clinicians.Material and methodsSearches without time limits were performed in the AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases until June 26, 2023. Studies published before October 1, 2014 were identified from the review by O'Donnell et al., 2016. Selection criteria were randomized clinical trials and non‐randomized studies of interventions comparing treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum with another treatment or placebo. Outcome variables included were: degree of nausea; vomiting; inability to tolerate oral fluids or food; hospital treatment; health‐related quality of life, small‐for‐gestational‐age infant; and preterm birth. Abstracts and full texts were screened, and risk of bias of the studies was assessed independently by two authors. Synthesis without meta‐analysis was performed, and certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. PROSPERO (CRD42022303150).ResultsTwenty treatments were included in 25 studies with low or moderate risk of bias. The certainty of evidence was very low for all treatments except for acupressure in addition to standard care, which showed a possible moderate decrease in nausea and vomiting, with low certainty of evidence.ConclusionsSeveral scientific knowledge gaps were identified. Studies on treatments for hyperemesis gravidarum are few, and the certainty of evidence for different treatments is either low or very low. To establish more robust evidence, it is essential to use validated scoring systems, the recently established diagnostic criteria, clear descriptions and measurements of core outcomes and to perform larger studies.
Association of aEEG and brain injury severity on MRI at term‐equivalent age in preterm infants
Authors: Griesmaier Elke , Schreiner Christina , Winkler Ira , Posod Anna , Sappler Maria , Kiechl‐Kohlendorfer Ursula , Neubauer Vera 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimMeasures to detect and monitor brain injury in preterm infants are amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To investigate the association between aEEG and MRI in a large cohort of preterm infants. Five hundred and twenty‐three preterm infants were included in the study.MethodsAEEG was interpreted for the total maturation score (TMS) according to Burdjalov. Cerebral MRI was evaluated using a validated scoring system by Kidokoro.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐six infants (27.9%) showed some form of brain injury, with 111 infants (21.2%) showing mild injury and 35 (6.7%) showing severe injury. TMS were significantly higher in infants without injury compared to severe injury. When comparing infants with isolated intraventricular haemorrhage to infants without brain injury, TMS were significantly lower.ConclusionPrediction of adverse outcome is an important aspect of neonatal care. The combination of diagnostic measures evaluating brain injury might enhance our abilities in neonatal care to provide accurate information about later outcome. Early aEEG is predictive for the severity of brain injury detected by MRI at term‐equivalent age. Whether aEEG is also predictive for neurodevelopmental outcome needs to be further investigated in relation to the various patterns of preterm brain injury.
Epidemiological surveillance of drug safety using cumulative sequential analysis in electronic healthcare data
Authors: Aakjær Mia , De Bruin Marie Louise , Andersen Morten 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMethods for safety signal detection in electronic healthcare data analysing data sequentially are being developed to meet the limitations of spontaneous reporting systems.ObjectivesThis study aims to provide an overview of the literature on sequential analysis of electronic healthcare data and describe the development and testing of a novel epidemiological surveillance system.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library applying similar in‐ and exclusion criteria as those of a previous systematic review. The proposed system consisted of repeated cohort studies and was tested in an emulated prospective setting. Two signal evaluations were performed with several sensitivity analyses and a target trial emulation.FindingsIn the literature, 11 studies analysed the data sequentially of which two applied traditional epidemiological methods. Epidemiological surveillance of several exposures and outcomes can be successfully conducted with the newly proposed sequential analysis of electronic healthcare data. Signal evaluation studies confirmed the results of the system.ConclusionsVery few studies in the literature analysed data at multiple time points, although this seems to be a prerequisite for testing the methods in a realistic setting. We demonstrated the feasibility of a sequential surveillance system using electronic healthcare data.
Focal therapy with high‐intensity focused ultrasound for prostate cancer: 3‐year outcomes from a prospective trial
Authors: Kaufmann Basil , Raess Elisa , Schmid Florian A. , Bieri Uwe , Scherer Thomas P. , Elleisy Moustafa , Donati Olivio F. , Rupp Niels J. , Moch Holger , Gorin Michael A. , Mortezavi Ashkan , Eberli Daniel 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo assess the oncological and functional outcomes of focal high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in treating localised prostate cancer (PCa), a 3‐year prospective study was undertaken using periodic post‐ablation saturation biopsies.Patients and MethodsMen with two or fewer lesions of grade group (GG) ≤3 PCa were eligible for participation. Additional criteria included a prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level of ≤15 ng/mL, clinical T1c‐T2, and a life expectancy of ≥10 years. The primary endpoint was failure‐free survival (FFS), defined as absence of clinically significant PCa (csPCa) in‐ or out‐of‐field on protocol‐mandated saturation biopsy, no whole‐gland or systemic salvage treatment, PCa metastasis, or PCa‐related death. Results are reported using two distinct definitions of csPCa: (i) the presence of any GG ≥2 and (ii) any GG ≥3 or core involvement of ≥6 mm. Secondary endpoints were functional patient‐reported outcome measures addressing urinary, sexual, and bowel function.ResultsA total of 91 patients were included: six (7%) with GG1 and 85 (93%) with GG ≥2. In all, 83 (91%) underwent at least one follow‐up biopsy. Biopsy attendance at 6, 12, and 36 months was 84%, 67%, and 51%, respectively. The FFS at these time points for any GG ≥2 PCa was 79% (95% confidence interval [CI] 80–88%), 57% (95% CI 48–69%) and 44% (95% CI 34–56%), respectively. Using the second definition, FFS were 88% (95% CI 81–95%), 70% (95% CI 61–81%) and 65% (95% CI 55–77%), respectively. The 3‐year cancer‐specific survival was 100%, and freedom from metastasis was 99%. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (negative predictive value of up to 89%, 95% CI 84–93%) and relative decrease of PSA values (P = 0.4) performed poorly in detecting residual disease. Urinary and bowel assessment returned to baseline questionnaire scores within 3 months. In all, 17 (21%) patients reported meaningful worsening in erectile function. A significant decrease of PCa related anxiety was observed.ConclusionsFocal HIFU treatment for localised PCa shows excellent functional outcomes with half of the patients remaining cancer‐free after 3 years. Whole‐gland treatment was avoided in 81%. Early follow‐up biopsies are crucial to change or continue the treatment modality at the right time, while the use of MRI and PSA in detecting PCa recurrence is uncertain.