bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histamine enhances cytotrophoblast invasion by inducing intracellular calcium transients through the histamine type‐1 receptor
Authors: Liu Zitao , Kilburn Brian A. , Leach Richard E. , Romero Roberto , Paria Bibhash C. , Armant D. Randall 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBlastocyst implantation and placentation require molecular and cellular interactions between the uterine endometrium and blastocyst trophectoderm. Previous studies showed that histamine produced in the mouse uterine luminal epithelium interacts with trophoblast histamine type‐2 receptors (H2) to initiate blastocyst implantation. However, it is unknown whether similar histamine activity is operative in humans. Using a human cell line (HTR‐8/SVneo) derived from first‐trimester cytotrophoblasts that expresses both histamine type‐1 receptor (H1) and H2, we found that histamine promotes cytotrophoblast invasiveness specifically through activation of H1. Stimulation of H1 in human cytotrophoblasts by histamine induced intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+i) transients by activating phospholipase C and the inositol trisphosphate pathway. The enhanced invasion induced by histamine was blocked by pretreatment with H1 antagonist or by chelation of Ca2+i. These findings suggest possible differences between rodents and humans in histamine signaling to the trophoblast. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 68: 345–353, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced models for fluid–structure interaction problems
Authors: Ohayon Roger 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSeveral so‐called reduced order formulations are reviewed for linear vibration analysis of bounded fluid–structure systems for low modal density situations. Compressibility effects in the fluid for interior structural–acoustic problems, and free surface gravity effects, for hydroelastic–sloshing interaction problems in the case of incompressible liquids, are examined. Reduced order models leading to symmetric matrix systems are then described using the static well‐posed behaviour of the irrotational fluid. In this respect, the fluid–structure boundary value local equations, expressed in terms of fluid scalar field variables for the fluid (and displacement variables for the structure) are regularized for zero‐frequency limit. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The modelling of multi‐fracturing solids and particulate media
Authors: Owen D. R. J. , Feng Y. T. , de Souza Neto E. A. , Cottrell M. G. , Wang F. , Andrade Pires F. M. , Yu J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractComputational strategies in the context of combined discrete/finite element methods for effective modelling of large‐scale practical problems involving multiple fracture and discrete phenomena are reviewed in the present work. The issues considered include: (1) Fracture criteria and propagation mechanisms within both the finite and discrete elements, together with mesh adaptivity procedures for discretization and introduction of fracture systems; (2) Detection procedures for monitoring contact between large numbers of discrete elements; (3) Interaction laws governing the response of contact pairs; (4) Parallel implementation; (5) Other issues, such as element methodology for near incompressible behaviour and generation of random packing of discrete objects. The applicability of the methodology developed is illustrated through selected practical examples. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PALS free volume and mechanical properties in dimethacrylate‐based thermosets
Authors: Rey Laurent , Galy Jocelyne , Sautereau Henry , Simon George P , Cook Wayne D 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDynamic mechanical thermal analysis, impact strength, bulk density and double‐bond conversion are reported for a series of dimethacrylate‐based networks in which the addition of styrene or/and divinylbenzene co‐monomer leads to variations in the morphology and crosslink density. The glass transition region was very broad for DVB‐rich networks and this was interpreted in terms of network heterogeneity. The mean size and the size distribution of free‐volume holes were estimated via analyses of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) measurements at 22 °C and were found to be inversely correlated with the bulk density and dependent on the network heterogeneity. The PALS free volume was raised for DVB‐rich systems, due to the poor molecular packing in these highly crosslinked systems and because some regions in this heterogeneous network were in a rubbery state. The impact strength was found to be lower for the more highly crosslinked systems but was inversely correlated with the level of molecular mobility as measured by DMTA. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Control of the morphology of waterborne nanocomposite films
Authors: Grillet Anne‐Cécile , Brunel Sylvain , Chevalier Yves , Usoni Sandra , Ansanay‐Alex Valérie , Allemand Jacques 
Published: April 2004

AbstractNanocomposite materials are prepared by drying a mixed colloidal suspension of film‐forming latex and silica. The dispersion state of the silica particles in the dry film controls the properties. We describe, with the help of some examples, how the colloidal stability of the particles in the mixed suspension dictates the final morphology of the dry film. Next, some recent work aimed at controlling the morphology by means of formulation additives is described. Such additives are either surfactants or polymer dispersants (block copolymers) which stabilize the particles (latex and/or silica) in the drying suspension. As a result of the mixing‐and‐drying preparation process, suitable additives are necessarily different from the conventional dispersants used in the formulation of composites prepared by means of melt‐processing. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
A new route for the preparation of cyano‐containing poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) microgel latex for specific immobilization of antibodies
Authors: Zhou Guangchang , Veron Laurent , Elaissari Abdelhamid , Delair Thierry , Pichot Christian 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA prepolymerization process was used to prepare functionalized poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) latexes with surface cyano groups. The functionalized latexes prepared were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, scanning electron microscopy and quasi‐elastic light scattering. In addition, the polymerization conversion and the water‐soluble polymer amounts were quantified. The polymerization conversions were found to be above 80% with 5–14 wt% of water soluble polymer formation. The immobilization of antibody (immunoglobulin) onto such cyano‐containing thermally sensitive particles, suggests the feasibility of specific dipole–dipole interactions between the cyano and hydroxyl functional groups from particle and antibody, respectively. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Trends in the bonding of the first‐row transition metal compounds: V(001) surface, TM‐oxide and nitride molecules, and AunTi (2≤n≤7) clusters
Authors: Fernández E. M. , Torres M. B. , Balbás L. C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe have performed a systematic study of the electronic and geometrical structure of several compounds containing first‐row transition metal by means of first principles spin‐density functional calculations based on norm‐conserving pseudo‐potentials and numerical basis sets of the double ζ plus polarization type. To achieve a realistic description of these compounds, we find that the pseudo‐potentials for 3d elements with d‐orbital occupation up to 5 electrons must contain at least the semi‐core state 3p in the valence shell. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
The effects of school, family, self‐concept, and deviant behaviour on adolescent suicide ideation
Authors: Dukes Richard L. , Lorch Barbara (Day) 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this study of a population of junior and senior high school students in a mid‐sized, Western city, adolescent emotional and ideological disparity with parents and disparity between the importance the adolescent placed on academic achievement and satisfaction with academic achievement were linked to suicide ideation through the intervening variables of self‐esteem, purpose in life, and two forms of deviant behaviour — alcohol use and eating disorder. Self‐confidence and the deviant behaviours of delinquency and drug use did not prove to be meaningful intervening variables.
Adolescent decision‐making: the development of competence
Authors: Mann Leon , Harmoni Ros , Power Colin 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis article reviews evidence relating to the development of competence in decision‐making during adolescence. The review focuses on cognitive aspects of decision‐making and discusses nine indicators of competence: choice; comprehension; creativity; compromise; consequentiality; correctness; credibility; consistency; and commitment. The evidence suggests that by the age of 15 years many adolescents show a reliable level of competence in metacognitive understanding of decision‐making, creative problem‐solving, correctness of choice, and commitment to a course of action. Young adolescents (12–14 years) are less able to create options, identify a wide range of risks and benefits, foresee the consequences of alternatives, and gauge the credibility of information from sources with vested interests. No evidence is available relating to age differences in willingness to make choices, devise compromises, and show consistency of choices. Barriers to achieving competence in decision‐making during adolescence include attitudinal constraints (e.g. beliefs about the proper age for making decisions), peer group pressures to conformity, breakdowns in family structure and functioning, and restricted legal rights to make important personal decisions (e.g. to donate blood or body tissue).
A disorder unique to adolescence? The Kleine‐Levin syndrome
Authors: Cawthron Paul 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe Kleine‐Levin syndrome is a rare disorder. In the pure form it is a diagnosis that can only be made in adolescent males. The patient described fits this category and can be added to similar case histories reported in the world literature. Evidence is presented to suggest a link between the Kleine‐Levin syndrome and the cyclical affective disorders.
Self‐esteem in girls aged 11–12: baseline findings from a planned prospective study of vulnerability to eating disorders
Authors: Button Eric 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe paper reports on the first stage of a planned prospective study of self‐esteem and risk for eating disorders in 594 schoolgirls aged 11–12. Subjects completed a short questionnaire which incorporated the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale and a few “problem” questions, including one on fatness concern. Low self‐esteem was associated with increased fatness concern, but also with problems in general. The girls will be followed up in detail at age 15–16, with a view to clarifying whether low self‐esteem is predictive of clinically significant eating disorders.
Decision‐making competence and self‐esteem: a comparison of parents and adolescents
Authors: Brown Jacob E. , Mann Leon 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between parents' and adolescents' confidence and competence in making decisions. Data were obtained from a survey sample of 584 adolescents, aged 12–18 years living in Adelaide, South Australia. Data were obtained from a sample of 352 parents of the adolescents by means of a mail survey. Parents' decision‐making self‐esteem was related to the self‐esteem of young adolescents. The relationship was stronger for males than females. There was a relationship between mothers' decision‐making competence and the competence of young female adolescents. Thus, partial support was provided for modelling theory in regard to the role of parents in the socialization of decision‐making skills and confidence.
An existentialist account of identity formation
Authors: Bilsker Dan 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAn account of James Marcia's identity formation model is given in the language of existentialist philosophy. Parallels between ego‐identity and existentialist approaches are examined and identity is described in terms of existentialist concepts formulated by Martin Heidegger (Being and Time) and Jean‐Paul Sartre (Being and Nothingness). While identity formation has previously been formulated in terms of ego‐analytic theory, this paper argues and seeks to demonstrate that significant benefits accrue from an existentialist account. These benefits include clarification of difficult theoretical issues, delineation of specific research directions and enrichment of clinical understanding.
Boundedness and oscillation for nonlinear dynamic equations on a time scale
Authors: Erbe Lynn , Peterson Allan 
Published: April 2004

We obtain some boundedness and oscillation criteria for solutions to the nonlinear dynamic equation
\[

(
p
(
t
)

x

Δ

(
t
)

)

Δ

+
q
(
t
)
(
f
∘

x

σ

)
=
0
,

(p(t)x^{\Delta }(t))^{\Delta }+q(t)(f\circ x^{\sigma })=0,

\]
on time scales. In particular, no explicit sign assumptions are made with respect to the coefficient

q
(
t
)

q(t)

. We illustrate the results by several examples, including a nonlinear Emden–Fowler dynamic equation.
An estimate for the number of bound states of the Schrödinger operator in two dimensions
Authors: Stoiciu Mihai 
Published: April 2004

For the Schrödinger operator

−
Δ
+
V

-\Delta + V

on

R

2

\mathbb R ^2

let

N
(
V
)

N(V)

be the number of bound states. One obtains the following estimate:
\[

N
(
V
)
≤

1

+

∫

R

2

∫

R

2

|

V
(
x
)

|

|

V
(
y
)

|

|

C
1

ln
⁡

|

x
−
y

|

+

C
2

|

2

d
x

d
y

N(V) \leq \ 1 \ + \int _{\mathbb R ^2} \int _{\mathbb R ^2} |V(x)| \ |V(y)| \ |C_1 \ln |x-y| + C_2|^2 \ dx\,dy

\]
where

C
1

=
−

1

2
π

C_1 = -\frac {1}{2\pi }

and

C
2

=

ln
⁡
2
−
γ

2
π

C_2 = \frac {\ln 2 - \gamma }{2 \pi }

(

γ
\gamma

is the Euler constant). This estimate holds for all potentials for which the previous integral is finite.
On the norm of an idempotent Schur multiplier on the Schatten class
Authors: Banks William , Harcharras Asma 
Published: April 2004

We show that if the norm of an idempotent Schur multiplier on the Schatten class

S
p

S^p

lies sufficiently close to

1
1

, then it is necessarily equal to

1
1

. We also give a simple characterization of those idempotent Schur multipliers on

S
p

S^p

whose norm is

1
1

.
Domaine numérique du produit et de la bimultiplication 𝑀_{2,𝐴,𝐵}
Authors: Kaadoud Mohamed 
Published: April 2004

In this paper, we present an extension of Bouldin’s result (1970) concerning the numerical range

W
(
A
B
)

W(AB)

of the product of two operators

A
A

and

B
B

that are commuting and for which one of the set

W
(
A
)

W(A)

or

W
(
B
)

W(B)

consists of positive numbers. We also prove that if

A
A

or

B
B

is a subnormal operator on a separable Hilbert space, then

W
(

M

2
,
A
,
B

)

¯

=

c
o

[
W
(
A
)
W
(
B
)
]

¯

,

\begin{equation*} \overline {W(M_{2,A,B})}=\overline {co\left [ W(A)W(B)\right ] }, \end{equation*}

where

M

2
,
A
,
B

M_{2,A,B}

is the operator bimultiplication and

c
o

co

is the convex hull. Résumé. Dans ce travail, nous améliorons un résultat de Bouldin (1970) concernant la localisation de

W
(
A
B
)
,

W(AB),

le domaine numérique du produit de deux opérateurs

A
A

et

B
B

sur un espace de Hilbert lorsque

A
A

et

B
B

commutent et

W
(
A
)

W(A)

est constitué de réels strictement positifs. Dans le cas où

A
A

ou

B
B

est un opérateur sous normal sur un espace de Hilbert séparable, nous montrons que

W
(

M

2
,
A
,
B

)

¯

=

c
o

[
W
(
A
)
W
(
B
)
]

¯

,

\begin{equation*} \overline {W(M_{2,A,B})}=\overline {co\left [ W(A)W(B)\right ] }, \end{equation*}

où

M

2
,
A
,
B

M_{2,A,B}

est l’opérateur produit ou bimultiplication et

c
o

co

est l’enveloppe convexe.
Mycielski ideal and the perfect set theorem
Authors: Repický Miroslav 
Published: April 2004

We make several observations on the Mycielski ideal and prove a version of the perfect set theorem concerning this ideal for analytic sets: If

A
⊆

ω

2

A\subseteq {}^\omega 2

is an analytic set all projections of which are uncountable, then there is a perfect set

B
⊆
A

B\subseteq A

a projection of which is the whole space. We also prove that (a modification of) an infinite game of Mycielski is determined for analytic sets.
The effect of bloodless pump prime on cerebral oxygenation in paediatric patients
Authors: Han S. H. , Kim C. S. , Kim S. D. , Bahk J. H. , Park Y. S. 
Published: April 2004

Background:  In paediatric patients, crystalloid prime for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes further haemodilution in comparison with blood‐containing prime. Thus it may affect the cerebral oxygen supply/demand balance. The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of bloodless pump prime with that of blood‐containing prime on cerebral oxygenation in children.Methods:  Thirty‐six paediatric patients scheduled for elective repair of atrial or ventricular septal defect were enrolled. In Group C (n = 18), the CPB circuit was primed only with crystalloid. In Group B (n = 18), red blood cells were added to achieve a haematocrit (Hct) of 20% during CPB. The regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) value measured by near‐infrared spectroscopy was compared between the two groups.Results:  In both groups, rSO2 decreased below baseline at the start of CPB and during rewarming (P < 0.001, for both groups during each period). At the start of CPB, haemodilution was greater in Group C than in Group B (Hct 16.1 ± 0.7% vs. 20.7 ± 0.5%; P < 0.01), and there was a greater reduction in rSO2 in Group C (49.0 ± 5.4% vs. 59.2 ± 7.0%; P < 0.01). During rewarming, rSO2 was significantly lower in Group C than in Group B (57.8 ± 5.3% vs. 62.8 ± 6.2%; P < 0.01).Conclusions:  In paediatric patients, the haemodilution associated with crystalloid priming causes a greater reduction in rSO2 than with blood‐containing prime at the starting period of CPB and the rewarming period.
Sevoflurane depolarizes pre‐synaptic mitochondria in the central nervous system
Authors: Moe M. C. , Bains R. , Vinje M. L. , Larsen G. A. , Kampenhaug E. B. , Berg‐Johnsen J. 
Published: April 2004

Background:  Volatile anaesthetics protect the heart from ischaemic injury by activating mitochondrial signalling pathways. The aim of this study was to test whether sevoflurane, which is increasingly used in neuroanaesthesia, affects mitochondrial function in the central nervous system by altering the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm).Methods:  In order to correlate free cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and ΔΨm, rat neural presynaptic terminals (synaptosomes) were loaded with the fluorescent probes fura‐2 and JC‐1. During sevoflurane exposure, 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP) 500 µM to induce pre‐synaptic membrane depolarization or carbonylcyanide‐p‐(trifluoromethoxy)‐phenylhydrazone (FCCP) 1 µM to induce maximum mitochondrial depolarization was added. In order to block mitochondrial ATP‐regulated K+‐channels (mitoKATP), the antagonist 5‐hydroxydecanoate (5‐HD) 500 µM was added.Results:  In Ca2+‐containing medium, both sevoflurane 1 and 2 MAC gradually decreased the normalized JC‐1 ratio from 0.96 ± 0.01 in control to 0.92 ± 0.01 and 0.89 ± 0.01, representing a depolarization of ΔΨm (n = 9, P < 0.05). Sevoflurane 2 MAC increased [Ca2+]i. In Ca2+‐depleted medium, sevoflurane 1 and 2 MAC depolarized ΔΨm, while [Ca2+]i remained unaltered. Sevoflurane 2 MAC attenuated the 4‐AP‐induced depolarization of ΔΨm. When mitoKATP was blocked, the sevoflurane‐induced depolarization of ΔΨm was attenuated, but not blocked. The depolarizing effect of sevoflurane on ΔΨm compared with FCCP was calculated to 13.2 ± 1.3% in Ca2+‐containing and 15.1 ± 1.2% in Ca2+‐depleted medium (n = 7).Conclusions:  Sevoflurane depolarizes ΔΨm in rat synaptosomes, and the effect is not dependent on Ca2+‐influx to the cytosol. Opening of mitoKATP is partly responsible for the depolarizing effect of sevoflurane.
Variation and Repeatability of Female Choice in a Chorusing Katydid, Ephippiger ephippiger: an Experimental Exploration of the Precedence Effect
Authors: Greenfield Michael D. , Siegfreid Eric , Snedden W. Andrew 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFemale choice in various species of acoustic insects and anurans entails a psychoacoustic preference for male calls that lead their neighbors by a brief time interval. This discrimination, which can be termed a precedence effect, may select for various mechanisms with which males adjust call rhythm and thus reduce their incidence of ineffective following calls. At a collective level, alternating and synchronous choruses may emerge from these call timing mechanisms. Using playback experiments, we characterized the precedence effect in females of the katydid Ephippiger ephippiger, an alternating choruser in which males use a rhythm adjustment mechanism that prevents calling during brief intervals following their neighbors’ calls. E. ephippiger females oriented toward leading male calls in >75% of trials when relatively young (<40 d old) and when playbacks were timed so that following calls began within 100–250 ms of the leading ones. However, this preference declined to below 60% as females aged and the interval separating leading and following call onsets increased. The strength of this precedence effect varied greatly between females, but within broad age classes the effect in a given female was statistically repeatable. Such repeatability indicates the possibility that additive genetic variance could be a significant component of variation in the precedence effect. We discuss the implications of our findings and inference on genetic variance for evolution of the precedence effect and for chorusing.
Synthesis of Research Findings Regarding Alzheimer's Disease: Part II, Care of People with AD
Authors: Bower Fay L. , McCullough Cyndi S. , Pille Barbara L. 
Published: April 2004

Abstract(1) The purpose of this review is to present knowledge about the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Synthesized research findings about the pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions used with patients who have Alzheimer's disease are presented and are followed by a discussion regarding the actions nurses can initiate to enhance functioning and delay institutionalization. While there is a great deal of interest and study of AD treatment, the research is variable and often with small populations. Even so, the results of these studies are promising, as they provide information about the ways AD symptoms can be controlled by medication and other means.