bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myeloperoxidase: friend and foe
Authors: Klebanoff Seymour J 
Published: February 2005

AbstractNeutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) are highly specialized for their primary function, the phagocytosis and destruction of microorganisms. When coated with opsonins (generally complement and/or antibody), microorganisms bind to specific receptors on the surface of the phagocyte and invagination of the cell membrane occurs with the incorporation of the microorganism into an intracellular phagosome. There follows a burst of oxygen consumption, and much, if not all, of the extra oxygen consumed is converted to highly reactive oxygen species. In addition, the cytoplasmic granules discharge their contents into the phagosome, and death of the ingested microorganism soon follows. Among the antimicrobial systems formed in the phagosome is one consisting of myeloperoxidase (MPO), released into the phagosome during the degranulation process, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), formed by the respiratory burst and a halide, particularly chloride. The initial product of the MPO-H2O2-chloride system is hypochlorous acid, and subsequent formation of chlorine, chloramines, hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, and ozone has been proposed. These same toxic agents can be released to the outside of the cell, where they may attack normal tissue and thus contribute to the pathogenesis of disease. This review will consier the potential sources of H2O2 for the MPO-H2O2-halide system; the toxic products of the MPO system; the evidence for MPO involvement in the microbicidal activity of neutrophils; the involvement of MPO-independent antimicrobial systems; and the role of the MPO system in tissue injury. It is concluded that the MPO system plays an important role in the microbicidal activity of phagocytes.
Effect of ultrasonic oscillations on the rheological behavior and morphology of Illite‐filled high‐density polyethylene composites
Authors: Li Yuntao , Chen Guangshun , Guo Shaoyun , Li Huilin 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe effects of ultrasonic oscillations on the rheological and viscoelastic properties and morphology of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/Illite (70/30) composites were studied. The experimental results showed that the die pressure and apparent viscosity of the HDPE/Illite (70/30) composites were reduced greatly, and so the mass‐flow rate significantly increased in the presence of ultrasonic oscillations during the extrusion. Scanning electron microscopy and linear viscoelasticity tests showed that ultrasonic oscillations improved the dispersion of the Illite particles into the HDPE matrix. The aggregation of the Illite particles disappeared on the fractured surfaces of HDPE/Illite (70/30) composites extruded in the presence of ultrasonic oscillations, and this indicated that ultrasonic oscillations promoted the homogeneous dispersion of Illite particles into the HDPE matrix. Ultrasonic oscillations caused the permanent reduction of the dynamic viscosity and zero‐shear viscosity of HDPE/Illite (70/30) composites. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 379–384, 2005
Correlation of the degree of dyspnea with health‐related quality of life, functional abilities, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide in patients with systemic sclerosis and active alveolitis: Results from the scleroderma lung study
Authors: Khanna Dinesh , Clements Philip J. , Furst Daniel E. , Chon Yun , Elashoff Robert , Roth Michael D. , Sterz Mildred G. , Chung Joannie , FitzGerald John D. , Seibold James R. , Varga John , Theodore Arthur , Wigley Fredrick M. , Silver Richard M. , Steen Virginia D. , Mayes Maureen D. , Connolly M. Kari , Fessler Barri J. , Rothfield Naomi F. , Mubarak Kamal , Molitor Jerry , Tashkin Donald P. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether baseline self‐assessment measures of health status and physiologic indices of disease severity in alveolitis‐positive patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) correlate with the severity of their dyspnea, and to quantify functional impairment in patients with scleroderma lung disease and compare it with that in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MethodsSSc patients (n = 138) with diffuse (n = 81) or limited (n = 57) cutaneous disease and active alveolitis (determined by bronchoalveolar lavage and/or high‐resolution computed tomography) who participated in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute–sponsored, multicenter, parallel‐group, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of oral cyclophosphamide for treatment of SSc‐associated interstitial lung disease were evaluated. Pearson's univariate correlations were determined between the Short Form 36 (SF‐36) physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scales, functional questionnaires, and physiologic parameters of breathing (forced vital capacity [FVC] and single‐breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide [DLCO]). Student's t‐test was used to compare subgroups. Scores from 2 instruments for self‐assessment of breathlessness, Mahler's baseline dyspnea index (BDI) and a visual analog scale (VAS) for breathing, were divided at the median. Values for the DLCO and FVC (% predicted) were divided based on the American Thoracic Society guidelines for mild (>70% of predicted), moderate (50–70% of predicted), and severe (<50% of predicted) physiologic impairment.ResultsScores on the BDI and VAS for breathing were highly correlated (r = −0.61). The PCS and MCS were able to differentiate patients with more breathlessness (measured by BDI and VAS for breathing) and more abnormal physiologic measures (FVC and DLCO). In SSc patients with alveolitis, all 8 domains of the SF‐36 were significantly impaired as compared with the healthy population and were similar to those reported by patients with COPD.ConclusionThe SF‐36 was able to discriminate between scleroderma lung disease patients with more severe and less severe breathlessness, the primary symptom of active alveolitis. The SF‐36 complements the BDI and VAS scores for breathing in scleroderma lung disease and is variably correlated with results of pulmonary function tests, suggesting that the SF‐36 should be included as an outcome measure in intervention trials in this population.
Reversal of ongoing proteinuria in autoimmune mice by treatment with C‐reactive protein
Authors: Rodriguez Wilfredo , Mold Carolyn , Kataranovski Milena , Hutt Julie , Marnell Lorraine L. , Du Clos Terry W. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the ability of injection of C‐reactive protein (CRP) to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the (NZB × NZW)F1 (NZB/NZW) mouse and to use a nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN) model to further examine the mechanism of this activity.MethodsNZB/NZW mice were given a single injection of 200 μg of CRP prior to disease onset or after the onset of high‐grade proteinuria. Mice were monitored weekly for proteinuria and monthly for anti–double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) antibodies. NTN was induced by immunization with rabbit IgG followed by rabbit anti‐mouse glomerular basement membrane. Proteinuria was measured daily, and renal pathology was scored. CRP was injected at the time of disease induction or 9 days later.ResultsTreatment of NZB/NZW mice with CRP prior to disease onset delayed the onset of high‐grade proteinuria by 16 weeks (P < 0.0001) and prolonged survival by 13 weeks (P < 0.002). CRP treatment of NZB/NZW mice during acute disease rapidly decreased proteinuria, and the treated mice remained aproteinuric for at least 10 weeks. Control and CRP‐treated mice developed similar levels of anti‐dsDNA. In C57BL/6 mice, injection of CRP either before or after induction of NTN suppressed proteinuria and glomerular pathology. CRP was completely ineffective in treating NTN in interleukin‐10 (IL‐10)–deficient mice.ConclusionCRP injection suppresses inflammation in the kidney in SLE and NTN. The requirement for IL‐10 in this protection suggests that CRP must rapidly initiate an IL‐10–dependent antiinflammatory process. These findings suggest that a major function of CRP during the acute‐phase response is to limit tissue damage and modulate acute inflammation.
SLC22A4 polymorphisms implicated in rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease are not associated with rheumatoid arthritis in a Canadian Caucasian population
Authors: Newman Bill , Wintle Richard F. , van Oene Mark , Yazdanpanah Mehrdad , Owen Julie , Johnson Ben , Gu Xiangjun , Amos Christopher I. , Keystone Edward , Rubin Laurence A. , Siminovitch Katherine A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveSingle‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SLC22A4 gene encoding the organic cation transporter OCTN1 have been associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the Japanese population and with Crohn's disease in a Canadian cohort. The RA‐associated and Crohn's disease–associated SNPs include, respectively, an intronic variant (slc2F2) and an exonic variant (1672T). We used a case–control approach to investigate the prevalence of these variants in a Canadian RA cohort and to determine whether RA and Crohn's disease share SLC22A4 susceptibility alleles.MethodsNine hundred eighteen unrelated patients with RA, 507 patients with Crohn's disease, and 623 healthy controls were genotyped for the putatively RA‐associated slc2F1 and slc2F2 variants and the Crohn's disease–associated SLC22A4 1672T variant.ResultsNeither slc2F1 nor slc2F2 showed evidence for association with RA, the allele frequencies of these variants being significantly different in the Canadian population compared with those reported in the Japanese population, but not significantly different between patients with RA and controls. In addition, associations between the 1672T Crohn's disease risk allele and RA or between the slc2F1‐A and slc2F2‐T risk alleles and Crohn's disease were not detected in this study cohort, and the latter 2 alleles were not in linkage disequilibrium with the 1672T variant.ConclusionThese observations do not support roles for any of the previously identified SLC22A4 disease risk alleles in RA susceptibility in the Canadian population. The slc2F1/slc2F2 risk alleles were not associated with Crohn's disease nor in linkage disequilibrium with the Crohn's disease–associated 1672T variant, and accordingly, also appear to be irrelevant to Crohn's disease susceptibility in the population under study.
Entropic interaction chromatography: Separating proteins on the basis of size using end‐grafted polymer brushes
Authors: Pang Peter , Koska Jürgen , Coad Bryan R. , Brooks Donald E. , Haynes Charles A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPartitioning of a macromolecule into the interfacial volume occupied by a grafted polymer brush decreases the configurational entropy (ΔS) of the terminally attached linear polymer chains due to a loss of free volume. Self‐consistent field theory (SCF) calculations are used to show that ΔS is a strong function of both the size (MWp) of the partitioning macromolecule and the depth of penetration into the brush volume. We further demonstrate that the strong dependence of ΔSbrushc on MWp provides a novel and powerful platform, which we call entropic interaction chromatography (EIC), for efficiently separating mixtures of proteins on the basis of size. Two EIC columns, differing primarily in polymer grafting density, were prepared by growing a brush of poly(methoxyethyl acrylamide) chains on the surface of a wide‐pore (1,000‐Å pores, 64‐μm diameter rigid beads) resin (Toyopearl AF‐650M) bearing surface aldehyde groups. Semipreparative 0.1‐L columns packed with either EIC resin provide reduced‐plate heights of 2 or less for efficient separation of globular protein mixtures over at least three molecular‐weight decades. Protein partitioning within these wide‐pore EIC columns is shown to be effectively modeled as a thermodynamically controlled process, allowing partition coefficients (KP) and elution chromatograms to be accurately predicted using a column model that combines SCF calculation of KP values with an equilibrium‐dispersion type model of solute transport through the column. This model is used to explore the dependence of column separation efficiency on brush properties, predicting that optimal separation of proteins over a broad MWp range is achieved at low to moderate grafting densities and intermediate chain lengths. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An individual treatment programme for sexually abused adult males: description and preliminary findings
Authors: Romano Elisa , De Luca Rayleen V. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractGrowing recognition of male sexual abuse and its potentially debilitating effects has underscored the need to develop effective treatment interventions for this population. The present study describes an individual treatment programme that was developed for adult males who have experienced childhood sexual abuse. The treatment programme focused on three areas related to sexual abuse, specifically feelings of self‐blame, anger and anxiety. The study also presents preliminary findings on treatment effects, using self‐report measures that five participants completed prior to treatment and at various assessments following treatment termination. Overall findings indicated improvements in behavioural self‐blame, anger, state anxiety and trait anxiety. Treatment did not appear to have an effect on characterological self‐blame over the long term. The study's findings are limited by the reliance on self‐report data and the absence of a comparison group. As such, our findings should be viewed as an initial contribution to the currently limited empirical data on treatment effects for sexually abused adult males. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Amines by Using a Biomimetic Coupled Catalytic System
Authors: Samec Joseph S. M. , Éll Alida H. , Bäckvall Jan‐E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractEfficient aerobic oxidation of amines was developed by the use of a biomimetic coupled catalytic system involving a ruthenium‐induced dehydrogenation. The principle for this aerobic oxidation is that the electron transfer from the amine to molecular oxygen occurs stepwise via coupled redox systems and this leads to a low‐energy electron transfer. A substrate‐selective ruthenium catalyst dehydrogenates the amine and the hydrogen atoms abstracted are transported to an electron‐rich quinone (2 a). The hydroquinone thus formed is subsequently reoxidized by air with the aid of an oxygen‐activating [Co(salen)]‐type complex (27). The reaction can be used for the preparation of ketimines and aldimines in good to high yields from the appropriate corresponding amines. The reaction proceeds with high selectivity, and the catalytic system tolerates air without being deactivated. The rate of the dehydrogenation was studied by using quinone 2 a as the terminal oxidant. A catalytic cycle in which the amine promotes the dissociation of the dimeric catalyst 1 is presented.
A proposed explanation for female predominance in alveolar soft part sarcoma
Authors: Bu Xiangdong , Bernstein Leslie 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlveolar soft‐part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor with both clinically and morphologically distinct features. It often involves the extremities of adolescents and young adults and shows a predilection for females. Recently, ASPS was found to have a nonreciprocal der(17)t(X;17) translocation with the corresponding fusion gene located in chromosome 17. Because females have an extra X‐chromosome, their likelihood of developing an X;autosome translocation is theoretically double that of males, and thus, this extra X‐chromosome is a likely explanation for female predominance of ASPS.METHODSThe authors used data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry program, which included 87 ASPS cases (33 males and 54 females), and published ASPS cases, which included 317 cases (121 males and 196 females), to test our hypothesis. The authors compared the observed proportion of female cases with that expected under the two X‐chromosomes–double‐risk hypothesis including the consideration of X‐inactivation status.RESULTSThe hypothesis that the fusion gene is not subject to X‐inactivation is supported by data (P = 0.6, 0.24, and 0.20 for SEER cases, published cases, and their combination, respectively). In contrast, the competing hypothesis that the fusion gene is subject to X‐inactivation is rejected (P = 0.007, < 0.00001, and < 0.00001 for SEER cases, published cases, and their combination, respectively).CONCLUSIONSTherefore, the authors found a statistical association between the female predominance observed in ASPS and female possession of an extra X‐chromosome/noninactivation of the ASPS X;autosome translocation fusion gene. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Mass transit: Epithelial morphogenesis in the Drosophila egg chamber
Authors: Horne‐Badovinac Sally , Bilder David 
Published: February 2005

AbstractEpithelial cells use a striking array of morphogenetic behaviors to sculpt organs and body plans during development. Although it is clear that epithelial morphogenesis is largely driven by cytoskeletal rearrangements and changes in cell adhesion, little is known about how these processes are coordinated to construct complex biological structures from simple sheets of cells. The follicle cell epithelium of the Drosophila egg chamber exhibits a diverse range of epithelial movements in a genetically accessible tissue, making it an outstanding system for the study of epithelial morphogenesis. In this review, we move chronologically through the process of oogenesis, highlighting the dynamic movements of the follicle cells. We discuss the cellular architecture and patterning events that set the stage for morphogenesis, detail individual cellular movements, and focus on current knowledge of the cellular processes that drive follicle cell behavior. Developmental Dynamics 232:559–574, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Enantiopure Bis(thioether) and Bis(sulfoxide) Ligands from Benzothiophene
Authors: Madec David , Mingoia Francesco , Macovei Cristian , Maitro Guillaume , Giambastiani Giuliano , Poli Giovanni 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe C2‐symmetric compound 2,3,2,3‐tetrahydro‐2,2‐bi(benzo[b]thiophenyl) and three diastereomeric bis(oxide) derivatives can be synthesized in a few steps from benzo[b]‐thiophene by oxidative homocoupling of (R)‐2,3‐dihydro‐benzo[b]thiophene 1‐oxide. This new family of enantiopure bis(thioether) and bis(sulfoxide) ligands forms stable chelating PdII complexes. The fused pentacyclic structure of the complexes imparts a rigid chiral environment around the metal centre. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Simple solutions to the initial conditions problem in dynamic, nonlinear panel data models with unobserved heterogeneity
Authors: Wooldridge Jeffrey M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractI study a simple, widely applicable approach to handling the initial conditions problem in dynamic, nonlinear unobserved effects models. Rather than attempting to obtain the joint distribution of all outcomes of the endogenous variables, I propose finding the distribution conditional on the initial value (and the observed history of strictly exogenous explanatory variables). The approach is flexible, and results in simple estimation strategies for at least three leading dynamic, nonlinear models: probit, Tobit and Poisson regression. I treat the general problem of estimating average partial effects, and show that simple estimators exist for important special cases. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of gypsum/brucite mixed precipitate instead of gypsum in Portland cement
Authors: Agatzini‐Leonardou S , Karidakis T , Tsakiridis PE 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe possibility of replacing the natural gypsum used in cement production by a chemical precipitate consisting of gypsum (CaSO4 ·2H2O) and brucite (Mg(OH)2), was investigated. This precipitate is a by‐product of a new hydrometallurgical process, which was developed in order to treat economically low‐grade nickel oxide ores. More specifically, it is obtained by hydrolytic precipitation of magnesium at temperatures not exceeding 80 °C, from sulfate solutions which result from heap leaching of nickel oxide ores with dilute sulfuric acid at ambient temperature, using calcium hydroxide as a neutralizing agent. The mixture generally consists of 20–30% non‐fibrous magnesium hydroxide, 60–75% gypsum and any excess of calcium hydroxide, depending on the precipitation conditions. In the present work, a mixture was produced by hydrolytic precipitation at 25 °C, using 1.1 times the stoichiometric quantity of Ca(OH)2 required to precipitate all of the magnesium. The possibility of using the above precipitate as a substitute for gypsum in cement was examined by testing four different cement mixtures, one reference sample, containing 4.5% gypsum and 0.5% anhydrite ((PC)Ref) and another three with 4.1%, 5.2% and 6.3% of gypsum/brucite mixed precipitate ((PC)B/G), in the place of gypsum. All samples were tested by determining the grindability, setting time, expansion and compressive strength. The results of the physico‐mechanical tests showed that the replacement of natural gypsum by the above precipitate did not affect negatively the quality of the produced cements. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Altered extracellular striatal in vivo biotransformation of the opioid neuropeptide dynorphin A(1–17) in the unilateral 6‐OHDA rat model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Klintenberg Rebecka , Andrén Per E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe in vivo biotransformation of dynorphin A(1–17) (Dyn A) was studied in the striatum of hemiparkinsonian rats by using microdialysis in combination with nanoflow reversed‐phase liquid chromatography/electrospray time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The microdialysis probes were implanted into both hemispheres of unilaterally 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) lesioned rats. Dyn A (10 pmol µl−1) was infused through the probes at 0.4 µl min−1 for 2 h. Samples were collected every 30 min and analyzed by mass spectrometry. The results showed for the first time that there was a difference in the Dyn A biotransformation when comparing the two corresponding sides of the brain. Dyn A metabolites 1–8, 1–16, 5–17, 10–17, 7–10 and 8–10 were detected in the dopamine‐depleted striatum but not in the untreated striatum. Dyn A biotransformed fragments found in both hemispheres were N‐terminal fragments 1–4, 1–5, 1–6, 1–11, 1–12 and 1–13, C‐terminal fragments 2–17, 3–17, 4–17, 7–17 and 8–17 and internal fragments 2–5, 2–10, 2–11, 2–12, and 8–15. The relative levels of these fragments were lower in the dopamine‐depleted striatum. The results imply that the extracellular in vivo processing of the dynorphin system is being disturbed in the 6‐OHDA‐lesion animal model of Parkinson's disease. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.