bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychotherapists' representations of their patients
Authors: Geller Jesse D. , Lehman Adam K. , Farber Barry A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractUsing a new measure, the Patient Representation Inventory (PRI), this study investigated the nature of psychotherapists' working clinical models of their patients. The data provided by 73 therapists suggest that, regardless of experience level or theoretical orientation (cognitive‐behavioral or psychodynamic), therapists tend to evoke such representations by accessing the words spoken during sessions and by recreating visual images of their patients' nonverbal contributions to the therapeutic dialogue. These representations tend to be in the service of more deeply understanding patients; their affective tone is suggestive of empathy, authenticity, and involvement. More‐experienced therapists tend to evoke representations that rely largely on bodily sensations and the emotional atmosphere reflective of clinical interactions. Apparently, similarities and differences among therapists can be studied not only at the manifest level of clinical work, but at the representational level as well. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 733‐745, 2002.
Personality and deviant sexual fantasies: An examination of the MMPIs of sex offenders
Authors: Curnoe Suzanne , Langevin Ron 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA sample of 228 sex offenders and nonsex offender controls were divided into two groups, based on the presence or absence of deviant sexual fantasies, as determined by their replies to the Clarke Sex History Questionnaire Fantasy Scales. The sex offenders were divided into six groups based on sexual preferences and criminal history. There were 14 heterosexual pedophiles, 23 homosexual pedophiles, 51 exhibitionists, 17 incest offenders, 24 sexual aggressives, and 57 multiple/miscellaneous offenders as well as 42 nonviolent nonsex offender controls. A 2 (fantasy group) × 7 (sex offender group) multivariate analysis with age and education as covariates was used to compare the MMPI validity scales (L, F, and K) and the 10 clinical scales as dependent variables. Deviant fantasizers had more clinically significantly scores on the F, Psychopathic Deviate, Masculinity‐Femininity, Paranoia, and Schizophrenia Scales compared to nondeviant fantasizers, regardless of group membership. Results suggest that deviant fantasizers may be more socially alienated and less emotionally stable than nondeviant fantasizers, although few were diagnosed as psychotic. The sex offender and control groups showed considerable overlap on mean MMPI Scales. The groups tended to differ in level of depression and extent of persecutory ideas, but the multivariate sex offender group effect was not statistically significant when problems of inhomogeneity of variance were corrected. There was no interaction of fantasy groups and sex offender groups, indicating that the two factors can be considered independently. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 803‐815, 2002.
p115 Rho GTPase activating protein interacts with MEKK1
Authors: Christerson Lori B. , Gallagher Ewen , Vanderbilt Colleen A. , Whitehurst Angelique W. , Wells Clark , Kazempour Roxana , Sternweis Paul C. , Cobb Melanie H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMammalian MAP/ERK kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1) was identified as a mammalian homolog of Ste11p of the yeast pheromone‐induced mating pathway. Like Ste11p, MEKK1 is a MAP3 kinase linked to at least two MAP kinase cascades and regulatory events that require cytoskeletal reorganization. MEKK1 is activated by molecules that impact cytoskeletal function. MEKK1−/−cells are defective in cell migration, demonstrating that it is required for cell motility. MEKK1 has a 1,200 residue N‐terminal regulatory domain that interacts with a dozen identified proteins. Using part of the MEKK1 N‐terminus in a yeast two‐hybrid screen, we discovered a novel interaction with p115 Rho GTPase‐activating protein (GAP). The p115 Rho GAP binds to MEKK1 in vitro and in intact cells. The p115 Rho GAP has selectivity for RhoA over other Rho family members. Expression of p115 Rho GAP reduces MEKK1‐induced signaling to AP‐1. The reduced activation of AP‐1 is dependent on the association of MEKK1 with p115 Rho GAP, because deletion of the Rho GAP SH3 domain, which abrogates their interaction, restores the stimulatory effect of MEKK1 on AP‐1 activity. Here we have identified an MEKK1 binding partner that offers a connection between this protein kinase and the machinery regulating cytoskeletal reorganization. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CDK9 has the intrinsic property to shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm, and enhanced expression of CyclinT1 promotes its nuclear localization
Authors: Napolitano Giuliana , Licciardo Paolo , Carbone Roberta , Majello Barbara , Lania Luigi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCDK9 in association with cyclin T constitutes the P‐TEFb complex that stimulates transcription elongation of RNAPII transcripts by phosphorylation of the CTD of RNAPII. Here we report subcellular distribution of P‐TEFb in terms of localization of CDK9 and cyclin T1. We found that cyclin T1 is exclusively nuclear and it is present in nuclear‐speckled structures. CDK9, albeit mainly nuclear, was also visualized in the cytoplasm. We determined that CDK9 is actively exported from the nucleus, and that leptomycin B (LMB), a specific inhibitor of nuclear export, inhibits this process. Interestingly, enforced expression of cyclin T1 enhances nuclear localization of CDK9. These findings reveal a novel control mechanism for the function of the P‐TEFb complex. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic significance of p16INK4aalterations and 9p21 loss of heterozigosity in locally advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bazan Viviana , Zanna Ines , Migliavacca Manuela , Sanz‐Casla Maria Teresa , Maestro Maria Luisa , Corsale Simona , Macaluso Marcella , Dardanoni Gabriella , Restivo Salvatore , Quintela Paloma López , Bernaldez Ricardo , Salerno Sergio , Morello Vincenza , Tomasino Rosa Maria , Gebbia Nicola , Russo Antonio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThep16INK4agene, localized within chromosome 9p21, has been identified as a cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor and may negatively regulate the cell cycle acting as a tumor suppressor. Genetic alterations involving the 9p21 region are common in human cancers. A consecutive series of 64 untreated patients (median of follow up 53 months) undergoing surgical resection for locally advanced laryngeal squamous‐cell carcinomas (LSCCs) has been studied prospectively. Our purpose was to investigate p16 alterations (9p21 allelic loss, hypermethylation and point mutations) and their possible association with clinico‐pathological data and flow cytometric variables (DNA‐ploidy and S‐phase fraction (SPF)), and to determine the possible prognostic role of this gene in these tumors. PCR‐based techniques were used for investigating 9p21 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and methylation promoter status of thep16gene. p16 mutations were detected by PCR‐SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism) and sequencing. 9p21 LOH was detected in 16/62 (26%) informative tumors, point mutations in 5% (3/64) and hypermethylation in 9% (6/64) of the cases. p16 alterations were significantly associated with high SPF and DNA‐aneuploidy. By univariate analysis, poor histologic differentiation, stage IV, DNA‐aneuploidy and p16 point mutations proved to be significantly related to quicker relapse, whereas these same factors, and in addition high SPF, 9p21 LOH and any p16 alterations were significantly related to shorter overall survival. By Cox proportional hazards analysis only histologic grade (G3) and p16 point mutations were independently related to both disease relapse and death. Our study has identified p16 point mutations as important biomolecular indicators in LSCCs. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exendin‐4 differentiation of a human pancreatic duct cell line into endocrine cells: Involvement of PDX‐1 and HNF3β transcription factors
Authors: Zhou Jie , Pineyro Marco A. , Wang Xiaolin , Doyle Maire E. , Egan Josephine M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractExendin‐4 (EX‐4), a long acting agonist of GLP‐1, induces an endocrine phenotype in Capan‐1 cells. Under culture conditions which include serum, ∼10% of the cells contain insulin and glucagon. When exposed to EX‐4 (0.1 nM, up to 5 days), the number of cells containing insulin and glucagon increased to ∼40%. Western blot analysis detected a progressive increase in protein levels of glucokinase and GLUT2 over 3 days of EX‐4 treatment. We explored the sequence of activation of certain transcription factors known to be essential for the beta cell phenotype: PDX‐1, Beta2/NeuroD, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 3β (HNF3β). Double immunostaining showed that PDX‐1 coexisted with insulin and glucagon in EX‐4‐treated cells. Treatment caused an increase in PDX‐1 protein levels by 24 h and induced its nuclear translocation. Beta2/NeuroD protein levels also increased progressively over 24 h. HNF3β protein level increased twofold as early as 6 h after EX‐4 treatment. EMSA results indicated that EX‐4 caused a 12‐fold increase in HNF3β binding to PDX‐1 promoter area II. Beta2/NeuroD protein levels progressively increased after 24 h treatment. Differentiation to insulin‐producing cells was also seen when Capan‐1 cells were transfected with pdx‐1, with 80% of these cells expressing insulin 3 days after transfection. PDX‐1 antisense totally inhibited such conversion. During the differentiation of duct cells to endocrine cells, cAMP levels (EX‐4 is a ligand for the GLP‐1, G‐protein coupled receptor) and MAP kinase activity increased. Our results indicate that EX‐4 activates adenylyl cyclase and MAP kinase which, in turn, may lead to activation of transcription factors necessary for an endocrine phenotype. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuronal regulation of bone metabolism and anabolism: Calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐, substance P‐, and tyrosine hydroxylase‐containing nerves and the bone
Authors: Imai Shinji , Matsusue Yoshitaka 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBone alters its metabolic and anabolic activities in response to the variety of systemic and local factors such as hormones and growth factors. Classical observations describing abundance of the nerves fibers in bone also predict a paradigm that the nervous system influences bone metabolism and anabolism. Identification of the nerve‐derived signaling molecules, capable of modulating cellular activities of the bone cells, facilitates a novel approach to study the biology of skeletal innervation. Many of the signaling molecules that may act as efferent agents on the bone cells fall into the category of neuropeptides. The present article reviews current understanding of the skeletal innervation and their proposed physiological effects on bone metabolism, with a special interest to calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP)‐containing nerves fibers. CGRP is abundantly distributed in bone via sensory nerves, especially in the epiphyseal trabecular bones. Its in vitro actions to the cultured osteoblasts and osteoclasts, together with its in vivo localization, strongly support the paradigm that the nervous system influences bone metabolism. In addition, CGRP is recently shown to be expressed endogenously by the osteoblasts. Transgenic mice with osteoblasts overexpressing CGRP are characterized by increased bone formation rate and enhanced bone volume, suggesting that CGRP indeed acts on bone metabolism not only via nervous route but also via autocrine loop. The current article also reviews the distribution of nerve fibers containing substance P (SP), another sensory nerve‐specific neuropeptide, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate‐limiting enzyme of catecholamine. The distinct effects of SP and catecholamines on the bone cells together with their in vivo influences manifested by experimental denervation studies suggest that the sensory and sympathetic nerves play important roles in bone metabolism. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:61–69, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of hypothyroidism induced by propylthiouracil on ovarian function and structure in offspring from treated mothers (Rats)
Authors: Zertashia Akram , Jalali Samina , Ahmad Laiq , Mirza Asma 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of hypothyroidism induced during the pre‐ and postnatal periods of life on ovarian function and structure in offspring (pups) 120 days of age. Three groups were used. In the prenatal group, treatment was given from conception to parturition. In the postnatal group, treatment was given from parturition to 25 days postpartum. Hypothyroidism was induced by administration of 0.1% 6‐n‐propyl‐2‐thiouracil (PTU) in the drinking water of mothers. Body weights of the offspring were measured weekly. In each group, ten offspring were sacrificed at 120 days of age. Postnatal PTU treated pups showed delay in eye opening, teething, fur development, and weaning (35–37 days) compared to control animals (28–30 days). Body weight of offspring in the postnatal PTU treatment group was significantly decreased (P < 0.001), while the prenatal PTU treatment group showed a significant increase (P < 0.0001) compared to control animals. There was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in paired ovarian weight of offspring in the postnatal PTU treatment group compared to control animals. Diameter of the ovaries was not affected by any treatment. Regarding the morphometery, only offspring in the prenatal PTU treatment group showed a significant (P < 0.001) increase in the diameter of graafian follicles. No significant difference was observed in morphometery of the granulosa layer, primary, and developing follicles of control and all treated groups. Number of primary, developing, and graafian follicles of all the treated groups was similar to that of the control group. The corpora lutea of the postnatal PTU treated group contained a population of large numbers of luteal cells compared to the control group. The prenatal PTU treated group did not exhibit a profound effect on ovarian morphology, histology, and morphometery. No difference was found in the serum estradiol concentration of control and PTU treated groups. J. Exp. Zool. 293:407–413, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conservation and variation in enamel protein distribution during vertebrate tooth development
Authors: Satchell Paul G. , Anderton Xochitl , Ryu Okhee H. , Luan Xianghong , Ortega Adam J. , Opamen Rene , Berman Brett J. , Witherspoon David E. , Gutmann James L. , Yamane Akira , Zeichner‐David Margerita , Simmer James P. , Shuler Charles F. , Diekwisch Thomas G.H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractVertebrate enamel formation is a unique synthesis of the function of highly specialized enamel proteins and their effect on the growth and organization of apatite crystals. Among tetrapods, the physical structure of enamel is highly conserved, while there is a greater variety of enameloid tooth coverings in fish. In the present study, we postulated that in enamel microstructures of similar organization, the principle components of the enamel protein matrix would have to be highly conserved. In order to identify the enamel proteins that might be most highly conserved and thus potentially most essential to the process of mammalian enamel formation, we used immunoscreening with enamel protein antibodies as a means to assay for degrees of homology to mammalian enamel proteins. Enamel preparations from mouse, gecko, frog, lungfish, and shark were screened with mammalian enamel protein antibodies, including amelogenin, enamelin, tuftelin, MMP20, and EMSP1. Our results demonstrated that amelogenin was the most highly conserved enamel protein associated with the enamel organ, enamelin featured a distinct presence in shark enameloid but was also present in the enamel organ of other species, while the other enamel proteins, tuftelin, MMP20, and EMSP1, were detected in both in the enamel organ and in other tissues of all species investigated. We thus conclude that the investigated enamel proteins, amelogenin, enamelin, tuftelin, MMP20, and EMSP1, were highly conserved in a variety of vertebrate species. We speculate that there might be a unique correlation between amelogenin‐rich tetrapod and lungfish enamel with long and parallel crystals and enamelin‐rich basal vertebrate enameloid with diverse patterns of crystal organization. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 294:91–106, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pentadactyl ground state of the avian wing
Authors: Larsson Hans C. E. , Wagner GÜnter P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe issue of the homology of bird fingers with those of pentadactyl amniotes has been a topic of contention for nearly 200 years. Data from the fossil record and phylogenetic systematics ascribe bird digit homologies to digits I, II, and III of pentadactyl amniotes while embryological evidence supports digital homologies of II, III, and IV. Using a molecular marker specific for condensation competent mesenchymal cells, we describe a pentadactyl arrangement of prechondrogenic digital anlagen in the wings of stage 29 chick embryos. Only the middle three anlagen develop into mature fingers. This pattern supports the hypothesis that bird fingers develop from digital anlagen II, III, and IV of pentadactylous amniotes. In addition, this result rejects a model assuming a shift in the primary axis in bird digit development and shows that a prechondrogenic digital anlage has been maintained in the bird lineage for at least 220 million years since the last known pentadactylous ancestor of the lineage. Such a vestige suggests that strong constraints are maintaining a pentadactyl ground state in amniotes. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 294:146–151, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Circular chromatic numbers of some reduced Kneser graphs
Authors: Lih Ko‐Wei , Liu Daphne Der‐Fen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe vertex set of the reduced Kneser graph KG2(m,2) consists of all pairs {a,b} such that a, bε{1,2,…,m} and 2≤|a−b|≤m−2. Two vertices are defined to be adjacent if they are disjoint. We prove that, if m≥4 and m≠5, then the circular chromatic number of KG2(m,2) is equal to m−2, its ordinary chromatic number. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 41: 62–68, 2002
Social funds: an effective instrument to support local action for poverty reduction?
Authors: de Haan Arjan , Holland Jeremy , Kanji Nazneen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper discusses whether social funds can help to support local action for poverty reduction. It focuses not on the specific poverty‐related projects that are supported by social funds, but the way social funds channel resources. In this context, this paper emphasizes the importance—and limitations—of the underlying poverty analysis informing the design of social funds, particularly the identification of beneficiaries. The paper describes the organizational characteristics social funds help to set up, and the relevance of decentralized organizations for community participation. The concluding section focuses on the implications of the tendency of social funds to create parallel structures. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Higher prevalence of anti‐HCV antibodies among HIV‐positive compared to HIV‐negative inhabitants of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Workenesh , Nokes D. James , Abebe Almaz , Messele Tsehaynesh , Dejene Amare , Enquselassie Fikre , Rinke de Wit Tobias F. , Fontanet Arnaud L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSerum samples (n = 4,593) collected in 1994 as part of a representative household community survey of the population of Addis Ababa who were 0–49 years old were tested for hepatitis C (HCV) antibodies. A third generation ELISA was used for primary screening and a line immunoblot assay for confirmation. HCV antibody prevalence was 0.9% (95% CI, 0.6–1.2%) and higher among HIV‐positive compared to HIV‐negative individuals (4.5% vs. 0.8%, respectively, P < 0.001). Similar higher prevalence of HCV antibodies was seen among HIV‐positive compared to HIV‐negative antenatal care attenders (2.9% vs. 0.8%, respectively, P = 0.003, n = 1725), and sex workers (5.3% vs. 1.3%, respectively, P = 0.02, n = 383). Such association between HCV and HIV infection has not been described previously in Africa. After stratification by HIV status, HCV prevalence among women of the general population was identical to that of sex workers, suggesting that HCV sexual transmission is not common in this population and that HIV infection does not enhance susceptibility to HCV sexual transmission. J. Med. Virol. 68:12–17, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parameters estimation of the d.c. electrothermal model of the bipolar transistor
Authors: Zarębski Janusz , Górecki Krzysztof 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper concerns the problems of the parameter values estimation of d.c. electrothermal model of the BJT formulated for circuit analysis with SPICE. In this case, PARTS software available in SPICE cannot be used. In the paper, a new estimation algorithm for d.c. electrothermal model of the BJT is proposed. The form of the electrothermal BJT model is also presented. The estimation algorithm implemented into the computer‐controlled measurement set allows one to derive the values of the parameters automatically after the measurements of the selected isothermal characteristics and proper calculations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estrogen treatment suppresses forebrain p75 neurotrophin receptor expression in aged, noncycling female rats
Authors: Ping Sophie E. , Greferath Ursula , Barrett Graham L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that estrogen has beneficial effects on cognition, both in humans and in rodents, and may delay Alzheimer's disease onset in postmenopausal women. Several rodent studies have utilised the ovariectomy model to show estrogen regulation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor, TrkA, and markers of acetylcholine synthesis in the cholinergic basal forebrain. We studied estrogenic effects in aged (16–17‐month‐old), noncycling rats. Estrogen treatment for 10 days drastically reduced p75NTR immunoreactivity in the rostral parts of the basal forebrain. The number of p75NTR‐immunoreactive neurons was decreased, and those neurons remaining positive for p75NTR showed reduced p75NTR staining intensity. In vehicle‐treated rats, almost all choline acetyltransferase‐immunoreactive neurons were p75NTR positive (and vice versa), but, in estrogen treated rats, large numbers of choline acetyltransferase‐immunoreactive cells were negative for p75NTR. Similar levels of p75NTR down‐regulation in the rostral basal forebrain were found when estrogen treatment was extended to 6 weeks. There was no reduction in the number of p75NTR‐immunoreactive neurons in the caudal basal forebrain after 10 days of treatment. After 6 weeks of treatment, however, there was evidence of p75NTR down‐regulation in the caudal basal forebrain. There was no evidence of hypertrophy or atrophy of cholinergic neurons even after 6 weeks of estrogen treatment. Considering the evidence for the role of p75NTR in regulating survival, growth and nerve growth factor responsiveness of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons, the results indicate an important aspect of estrogen's effects on the nervous system. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.