bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone marrow genesis after subcutaneous delivery of rat osteogenic cell‐seeded biodegradable scaffolds into nude mice
Authors: Gomi Kazuhiro , Kanazashi Mikimoto , Lickorish David , Arai Takashi , Davies John E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis study describes the generation of an active hematopoietic marrow within the confines of a biodegradable, macroporous polyester scaffold, seeded with rat osteogenic cells, after subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. A macroporous, poly(DL‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) polymer scaffold, into which resorbable calcium phosphate particles were incorporated, was seeded with rat bone marrow‐derived cells. Scanning electron microscopy of the cell‐seeded scaffold demonstrated confluent cell colonization. Scaffolds seeded with cells were implanted under the dorsum of immunocompromised mice for 5 weeks. Histological analysis revealed bone formation along the scaffold pores creating bony cavities within which a host‐derived, hematopoietic marrow was observed which included hematopoietic precursors, megakaryocytes, fat cells, and numerous marrow sinusoids. In those areas where bone was not elaborated on the scaffold surface, no marrow genesis was observed and the scaffold interstices were filled with fibrous tissue. These results demonstrate the utility of this biodegradable scaffold in delivery of a phenotypically functional cell population for bone tissue and bone marrow engineering applications. Moreover, the recapitulation of hematopoietic marrow tissue within the engineered bony cavities also provides a new experimental environment with which to further investigate the interactions of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic compartments of the marrow microenvironment. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 71A: 602–607, 2004
Plasmapheresis in the treatment of hyperthyroidism associated with agranulocytosis: A case report
Authors: Guvenc Birol , Unsal Cagatay , Gurkan Emel , Dincer Süleyman 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPlasmapheresis, also known as therapeutic plasma exchange, is used in the treatment of several disorders. Temporary improvement after plasmapheresis in cases with thyrotoxicosis has been reported. A 55‐year‐old woman presented with agranulocytosis induced by propylthiouracil and clinical signs of heart failure. Three sessions of plasmapheresis were performed. We observed an improvement of thyroid hormone levels and clinical findings as well. Plasmapheresis can be an option when drug treatment of thyrotoxicosis fails. J. Clin. Apheresis 19:148–150, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The generation of leukemic dendritic cells from acute myeloid leukemia cells is potentiated by the addition of CD40L at the terminal maturation stage
Authors: Lee Je‐Jung , Choi Bo‐Hwa , Nam Jong‐Hee , Park Myong‐Suk , Song Won‐Hyun , Yang Deok‐Hwan , Kim Yeo‐Kyeoung , Cho Sang‐Hee , Chung Ik‐Joo , Park Kyeong‐Soo , Lee II‐Kwon , Kim Hyeoung‐Joon 
Published: October 2004

AbstractLeukemic dendritic cells (DCs) that are derived from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells display low‐level expression of several key molecules. We investigated the optimal combination of cytokines needed to generate potent leukemic DCs from AML cells in vitro. AML cells were cultured in the presence of the following combinations of cytokines: Group A, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) + interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) + tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α); Group B, GM‐CSF + IL‐4 + CD40L; and Group C, CD40L addition at the terminal maturation point of cells that were grown as for Group A. The AML cells showed clear upregulation of CD80, CD83, CD86, CD40, and HLA‐DR expression under all culture conditions, without significant differences between these groups. However, the addition of CD40L (as in Group C) showed a slight upregulation in the expression of CD83 and CD86 on leukemic DCs. The leukemic DCs in Groups A and B had higher allogeneic T‐cell stimulatory capacities than untreated AML cells, and the addition of CD40L (Group C) enhanced this effect. The function of the cytotoxicity‐stimulating autologous T cells was also augmented by the addition of CD40L (Group C). These results suggest that AML cells may be used to generate leukemic DCs using various cytokine combinations, and that the most potent, mature leukemic DCs are generated by the addition of CD40L to terminal‐stage AML cultures that are grown in the presence of conventional cytokine combinations. J. Clin. Apheresis 19:130–136, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differentiating thrombotic microangiopathies induced by severe hypertension from anemia and thrombocytopenia seen in thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
Authors: Egan J.A. , Bandarenko N. , Hay S.N. , Paradowski L. , Goldberg R. , Nickeleit V. , Brecher M.E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a recognized complication of malignant hypertension (HTN). Such patients have blood pressures ≥200/140 mmHg but the condition is defined by the presence of papilledema and is frequently complicated by acute renal failure. Here we report two patients with severe HTN (systolic ≥180 mmHg or diastolic ≥120 mmHg), TMA, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, and, in one case, neurological changes (4 of 5 manifestations of the TTP pentad). A 50‐year‐old male with HTN presented with blurred vision, dizziness, headache, confusion, renal failure, and a TMA (PLT = 39 × 109/L and LD = 2,781 normal <600 U/L). On presentation, BP was 214/133 mmHg and an ophthalmic exam demonstrated no papilledema. With HTN control over 7 days, his platelet count rebounded (220 × 109/L), LD declined (1,730 U/L), and mental status improved. A 60‐year‐old female with diabetes, HTN, Lupus erythematosus, mild chronic anemia, and thrombocytopenia presented with abdominal pain, shortness of breath, renal failure, and a TMA (PLT = 83 × 109/L and LD = 2,929 U/L). Blood pressures were 180–210/89–111 mmHg and ophthalmic exam demonstrated no papilledema. With HTN control over 8 days, her platelet count rebounded (147 × 109/L), and LD declined (1,624 U/L). Although in both cases a diagnosis of TTP was considered because of overlap with the classic diagnostic pentad, neither received plasmapheresis. TTP is a diagnosis of exclusion, where there is no other likely diagnosis to explain the TMA. In cases of severe HTN (with or without papilledema), the diagnosis of TTP should be held in abeyance until the effect of HTN control can be assessed. J. Clin. Apheresis 19:125–129, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Randomised phase 2 trial of SIR‐Spheres® plus fluorouracil/leucovorin chemotherapy versus fluorouracil/leucovorin chemotherapy alone in advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: Van Hazel Guy , Blackwell Anthony , Anderson James , Price David , Moroz Paul , Bower Geoff , Cardaci Giuseppe , Gray Bruce 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPurposeSelective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with SIR‐Spheres® is a new technique for selectively targeting high doses of radiation to tumours within the liver. The primary objectives of this randomised trial were to compare the response rate, time to progressive disease (PD), and toxicity of a regimen of systemic fluorouracil/leucovorin chemotherapy versus the same chemotherapy plus a single administration of SIR‐Spheres in patients with advanced colorectal liver metastases. The trial was designed to presage a larger trial that would have survival as the primary outcome.Patients and MethodsTwenty‐one patients with previously untreated advanced colorectal liver metastases, with or without extrahepatic metastases, were randomised into the study.ResultsUsing RECIST criteria, the response rate for 11 patients receiving the combination treatment was significantly greater than for 10 patients receiving chemotherapy alone (First Integrated Response; 10 PR, 1 SD vs. 0 PR, 6 SD, 4 PD, P < 0.001 and Best Confirmed Response; 8 PR, 3 SD vs. 0 PR, 6 SD, 4 PD P < 0.001). The time to PD was greater for patients receiving the combination treatment (18.6 months vs. 3.6 months, P < 0.0005). Median survival was significantly longer for patients receiving the combination treatment (29.4 months vs. 12.8 months, P = 0.02). One patient in the combination arm died from chemotherapy induced neutropenic sepsis after the fourth chemotherapy cycle. There were more Grade 3 and 4 toxicity events in patients receiving the combination treatment. There was no difference in quality‐of‐life over a 3 month period between the two treatments when rated by patients (P = 0.96) or physicians (P = 0.98).ConclusionsThis small phase 2 randomised trial demonstrated that the addition of a single administration of SIR‐Spheres to a regimen of systemic fluorouracil/leucovorin chemotherapy significantly increased both treatment related response, time to PD, and survival with acceptable toxicity. The combination of SIR‐Spheres plus systemic chemotherapy is now the subject of ongoing trials to further define patient benefit. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;88:78–85. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elevated expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 in breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ has no correlation with established prognostic markers
Authors: Singh Ranger Gurpreet , Jewell Andrew , Thomas Valerie , Mokbel Kefah 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesElevated expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) has been established to be a feature of breast cancer. There has been inconsistency in the literature regarding the precise significance of this—some studies have found no clinicopathological relevance at all, whilst others have concluded COX‐2 expression is an important biomarker in invasive disease and pre‐cancerous lesions, correlating with poor prognostic features. We studied COX‐2 expression in invasive ductal cancer (IDC) specimens and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in order to clarify these issues.MethodArchival specimens of IDC and DCIS (n = 39) were stained with a polyclonal antibody to COX‐2. Results were correlated with recognised clinicopathological parameters.ResultsCOX‐2 expression occurred in 36.7% of IDCs and 54.5% of DCIS lesions. There was no correlation between increased expression and any clinicopathological features. COX‐2 expression did not occur in adjacent non‐cancerous tissue (ANCT).ConclusionWe have confirmed that COX‐2 expression does occur in invasive cancers, in DCIS, and is not associated with established prognostic markers. The presence of COX‐2 expression in DCIS and invasive cancers has positive implications for the future prevention and treatment of breast cancer with COX‐2 inhibitors. A large proportion of tumours are, however, COX‐2 negative and may be poor candidates for COX‐2 suppression. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;88:100–103. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microbial reduction in periodontal pockets under exposition of a medium power diode laser: An experimental study in rats
Authors: Fontana Carla Raquel , Kurachi Cristina , Mendonça Cleber Renato , Bagnato Vanderlei Salvador 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThis work evaluates the application of a 810 nm diode laser operating in the range of 400–1,200 mW for bacterial reduction at periodontal treatment. The aim of this study is to examine the immediate effect of the diode medium power laser in reducing the bacterial concentration at periodontal pockets induced in Wistar rats.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTwo bacterial collections were performed on each animal. Microbiological samples were collected before and immediately after laser irradiation. In each group of laser power, eight animals were used, totaling 40 animals.ResultsThe initial and the final bacterial count revealed that laser irradiation induces considerable bacterial elimination, especially for Prevotella sp, Streptococcus beta‐hemolitico, Fusobacterium sp, Pseudomonas sp.ConclusionsOur results indicate that this laser can constitute an alternative device to traditional infrared systems for bacterial reduction, with some advantage when economical and practical standpoints are considered. Lasers Surg. Med. 35:263–268, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NIR laser tissue welding of in vitro porcine cornea and sclera tissue
Authors: Savage Howard E. , Halder Rabindra K. , Kartazayeu Uladzimir , Rosen Richard B. , Gayen Tapan , McCormick Steven A. , Patel Neil S. , Katz Alvin , Perry Henry D. , Paul Misu , Alfano R.R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that an near infrared (NIR) laser system (1,455 nm) in combination with a motorized translational stage to control the position and speed of the laser beam and a shutter to control the laser exposure to the tissue being welded could be used to successfully weld ocular tissues.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSeventy‐five porcine corneas and 23 porcine scleral tissues were welded in vitro in this study. The welded tissues were examined using histopathology and tensile strength analysis. Eight different welding conditions were analyzed for porcine cornea and one for sclera tissues. The tensile strength of the welded groups was compared to a sutured cornea control group.ResultsThe NIR laser welding system provides strong, full thickness welds and does not require the use of extrinsic dyes, chromophores, or solders. Mean weld strengths of 0.15–0.45 kg/cm2 were obtained for the cornea and 1.01 kg/cm2 for sclera welds. The native H2O in the ocular tissue serves as an absorber of the 1,455 nm radiation and helps to induce the welds.ConclusionsWe conclude that an NIR laser system using an optimal laser radiation wavelength of 1,455 nm can effectively weld cornea and sclera tissue and that this laser tissue welding (LTW) methodology typically causes minimal disruption of tissue, and thus, avoids opacities and irregularities in the tissue which may result in decreased visual acuity. The optimization of a laser welding system that leads to a strong full thickness tissue bond without tissue destruction, an instant seal that promotes wound healing, and the absence of a continued presence of a foreign substance like a suture, is of considerable importance to the ophthalmology medical community. This need is especially apparent with respect to corneal transplantation and fixing the position of corneal flaps in Laser‐Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK), a laser procedure used to permanently change the shape of the cornea. Lasers Surg. Med. 35:293–303, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time‐dependent hexaminolaevulinate induced protoporphyrin IX distribution after topical application in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A fluorescence microscopy study
Authors: Andrejevic‐Blant Snezana , Major Attila , Lüdicke Franck , Ballini Jean‐Pierre , Wagnières Georges , van den Bergh Hubert , Pelte Marie‐Françoise 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCompared to the conventional management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) the potential advantage of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of cervical human papilloma virus (HPV)‐related disease encompasses a minimal invasive procedure with reduced risk of profuse bleeding as a consequence of conization, and possibly more favorable long‐term results avoiding cervical stenosis. At present little is known about the precise time‐dependent distribution and histological localization of hexaminolaevulinate (HAL) induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence in healthy tissue and in CIN. The aim of this study was to use ex vivo fluorescence microscopy to determine whether PPIX is selectively induced by neoplastic cells of the cervical epithelium at various times after topical application.Study Design/Materials and MethodsCold cream containing 0.5% HAL was applied by means of cervical cap over various periods of time. We analyzed 52 healthy cervical mucosa and 84 CINs.ResultsAt time delay 100 (±10) minutes, high epithelial fluorescence and a significant selectivity between epithelium and underlying lamina propria was found. By contrast, no significant difference between healthy and neoplastic tissues, or between low and high‐grade epithelial dysplasia (P ≥ 0.05), was observed at any time point.ConclusionsApplication of HAL 0.5% cream to the cervix induced selective fluorescence in epithelial cells. The optimal ratio with a homogeneous PPIX distribution was obtained after 100 ( ± 10) minutes cream application, which should be evaluated further for PDT. Lasers Surg. Med. 35:276–283, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intraluminal laser light source and external solder: In vivo evaluation of a new technique for microvascular anastomosis
Authors: Ott Beat , Constantinescu Mihai A. , Erni Dominique , Banic Andrej , Schaffner Thomas , Frenz Martin 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCurrent laser‐assisted end‐to‐end anastomoses are performed by irradiating the vessel wall from outside after additional fixation with three to six sutures. These sutures are needed to provide adequate approximation of the vessel stumps. We present a new laser soldering technique that is based on an intraluminal laser light source centered in a balloon catheter, and external application of a solder. This technique was applied in vivo in order to test its feasibility under clinical conditions.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSeven white pigs were treated with a total of fourteen end‐to‐end laser‐anastomoses of their saphenous arteries having outer diameters of 2 mm. The vessels were stented over an intraluminal balloon catheter, which was maximally dilated and which allowed for a precise approximation of the vascular stumps. An 808 nm diode laser was coupled into a specially designed optical fiber producing a 360° radiation ring inside the balloon catheter. An indocyanine green (ICG) doped liquid albumin solder was applied on the external surface of the vascular stumps. Laser soldering was achieved by irradiating with a 808 nm laser diode for 75 seconds. Tightness of the anastomoses was evaluated by clamping the artery distal to the anastomosis for 1 hour, and patency was tested over an observation period of 3 hours, during which the animals were heparinized. Thereafter, the anastomoses were harvested for histomorphological examination.ResultsAll anastomoses remained patent over the entire observation period. Some leakage was observed in three anastomoses, which was explained by a deviation of the illumination fiber from the center of the balloon leading to an inhomogeneous irradiation of the vessel wall. Histology revealed perfect adaptation of the vascular stumps. A segment of denaturated vascular collagen was observed, that corresponded to the irradiated, solder‐covered zone.ConclusionPatent, maximally dilated and well adapted microvascular anastomoses could be obtained without the need of stay sutures. A well centered laser light source is indispensable for avoiding inhomogenous welding, thus causing leakage. Lasers Surg. Med. 35:312–316, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo optical coherence tomography for the diagnosis of oral malignancy
Authors: Wilder‐Smith Petra , Jung Woong‐Gyu , Brenner Matthew , Osann Kathryn , Beydoun Hamza , Messadi Diana , Chen Zhongping 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveOral cancer results in 10,000 U.S. deaths annually. Improved highly sensitive diagnostics allowing early detection of oral cancer would benefit patient survival and quality of life. Objective was to investigate in vivo non‐invasive optical coherence tomography (OCT) techniques for imaging and diagnosing neoplasia‐related epithelial, sub‐epithelial changes throughout carcinogenesis.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn the standard hamster cheek pouch model for oral carcinogenesis (n = 36), in vivo OCT was used to image epithelial and sub‐epithelial change. OCT‐ and histopathology‐based diagnoses on a scale of 0 (healthy) to 6 (squamous cell carcinoma, SCC) were performed at all stages throughout carcinogenesis by two blinded investigators.ResultsEpithelial, sub‐epithelial structures were clearly discernible using OCT. OCT diagnosis agreed with the histopathological gold standard in 80% of readings.ConclusionIn vivo OCT demonstrates excellent potential as a diagnostic tool in the oral cavity. Lasers Surg. Med. 35:269–275, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Healing of perforating rat corneal incisions closed with photodynamic laser‐activated tissue glue
Authors: Khadem John , Martino Michael , Anatelli Florencia , Dana M. Reza , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLaser‐activated photodynamic biologic tissue glues may be useful for closing incisions in ophthalmology. We report on the use of two such preparations to close perforating corneal incisions in living rats.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA previously described preparation containing a covalent albumin‐chlorin e6 (ce6) conjugate (bovine serum albumin (BSA)–ce6), and a novel mixture of albumin and Janus Green (BSA/JG), both activated with a 665‐nm diode laser were used to glue mouse skin ex vivo. The optimized glues were then used to seal incisions in rat corneas and results were compared to control incisions. Rats were sacrificed at day 1, 7, and 14 and eyes tested for leaking pressure and examined histopathologically.ResultsOne day after treatment eyes closed with BSA–ce6 had a leaking pressure (in mmHg) of 357 compared to 193 for control incisions (P<0.01); closure with BSA/JG gave a leaking pressure of 430 (P<0.05 compared to BSA–ce6, and P<0.001 compared to control). Histological examination showed eyes sealed with BSA/JG have less inflammation present than untreated eyes at 7 days.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that photodynamic laser activated tissue glues can be used to effectively seal corneal incisions in living animals without thermal damage or undue inflammation. Lasers Surg. Med. 35:304–311, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transformation of Biodegradable Polyesters into Cyclic Oligomers under Continuous Flow Using an Enzyme‐Packed Column
Authors: Osanai Yasushi , Toshima Kazunobu , Matsumura Shuichi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSummary: The enzymatic degradation of typical chemically synthesized biodegradable plastics, such as poly(butylene adipate) and poly(ε‐caprolactone), to a repolymerizable cyclic oligomer under continuous flow using an enzyme column was studied, directed towards green chemical recycling. It was confirmed that both polymers were quantitatively transformed into the corresponding cyclic oligomers by passage through the column packed with immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435) at 40 °C using a toluene solution. Compared to the batch treatment in a flask, a short reaction time and a low reaction temperature occurred for complete transformations of the polyesters by continuous flow through the enzyme column. The degradation activity of the enzyme column was maintained for at least six months at 40 °C.Conceptual scheme of the continuous degradation equipment using the enzyme column.magnified imageConceptual scheme of the continuous degradation equipment using the enzyme column.