bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein Isolation from 3D Hydrogel Scaffolds
Authors: Da Silva André Gabriela , Paganella Lorenza Garau , Badolato Asia , Sander Sibilla , Giampietro Costanza , Tibbitt Mark W , Dengjel Jörn , Labouesse Céline 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProtein isolation is an essential tool in cell biology to characterize protein abundance under various experimental conditions. Several protocols exist, tailored to cell culture or tissue sections, and have been adapted to particular downstream analyses (e.g., western blotting or mass spectrometry). An increasing trend in bioengineering and cell biology is to use three‐dimensional (3D) hydrogel‐based scaffolds for cell culture. In principle, the same protocols can be used to extract protein from hydrogel‐based cell and tissue constructs. However, in practice the yield and quality of the recovered protein pellet is often substantially lower when using standard protocols and requires tuning of multiple steps, including the selected lysis buffer and the scaffold homogenization strategy, as well as the methods for protein purification and reconstitution. We present here specific protocols tailored to common 3D hydrogels to help researchers using hydrogel‐based 3D cell culture improve the quantity and quality of their extracted protein. We focus on three materials: protease‐degradable PEG‐based hydrogels, collagen hydrogels, and alginate hydrogels. We discuss how the protein extraction procedure can be adapted to the scaffold of interest (degradable or non‐degradable gels), proteins of interests (soluble, matrix‐bound, or phosphoproteins), and downstream biochemical assays (western blotting or mass spectrometry). With the growing interest in 3D cell culture, the protocols presented should be useful to many researchers in cell biology, protein science, biomaterials, and bioengineering communities. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Isolating proteins from PEG‐based hydrogelsBasic Protocol 2: Isolating proteins from collagen hydrogelsBasic Protocol 3: Isolating proteins from alginate hydrogelsAlternate Protocol: Isolating protein from alginate gels using EDTA to dissolve the gelSupport Protocol: Isolating protein and RNA simultaneously from the same samples
Heat Stress in Canola: Paving a Path Forward for Varieties With Improved Tolerance
Authors: Koscielny Chad , Duncan Rob 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCanola grown in years or locations with increased temperatures shows a significant decline in seed yield. Research has shown a ∼7 bu/ac yield loss with a 5.4°F increase in growing season temperatures. Given the importance of canola in western Canada and the fact that canola is a cool‐season crop, continued applied and basic research into heat tolerance is of critical importance. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Crop Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
A Sustainable and Versatile Cellulose‐based CO Surrogate for Carbonylative Reactions
Authors: Wang You , Tian Bing , Li Yi , Li Wei , Chen Zhijun , Liu Shouxin , Li Shujun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe highly toxic and flammable nature of CO lead to high handling demand for its use and storage, undoubtedly constricting its further academic exploration for carbonylative reactions in laboratory. Although many CO surrogates have been developed and applied in carbonylative reactions instead of CO gas, exploration of more versatile CO surrogates for diverse carbonylations is still highly desirable. Here we report a cellulose‐based CO surrogate (cellulose‐CO), which prepared from cheap and abundant cellulose through a simple and green process. The very mild and efficient CO release makes this reagent a highly competitive candidate for providing CO in carbonylation. This surrogate is compatible with a wide variety of functional groups in various carbonylative reactions due to the excellent compatibility of cellulose‐CO. Moreover, the cellulose‐CO exhibits excellent chemical stability which can be stored exposed to air for 12 months, making this CO surrogate a robust and general reagent in CO chemistry.
Effective privacy preserving model based on adversarial CNN with IBOA in the social IoT systems for CEC
Authors: Shukla Prashant Kumar , Pandit Shraddha V. , Gandhi Charu , Alrizq Mesfer , Alghamdi Abdullah , Shukla Piyush Kumar , Venkatareddy Prashanth , Rizwan Ali 
Published: January 2024

SummaryIn the present scenario, the social Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the emerging technologies in combination with collaborative edge computing (CEC). The CEC solves the issue of storage and computing with the help of deep learning models that make full usage of the edge‐computing abilities. The robustness of the deep learning models is ineffective, and the edge devices in the CEC are threatened by the malicious attacks. Therefore, a new data protection framework is proposed in this manuscript to avoid the security crisis and privacy leakage of CEC. A new adversarial sample generation model is introduced in this manuscript on the basis of intensive butterfly optimization algorithm (IBOA) that effectively reduces the time complexity of the framework to linear. Here, IBOA is chosen because an extra intensive exploitation step is included that guides the proposed framework to converge quickly towards global optimum and to avoid local optima trap. Then, the adversarial training concept is incorporated with the convolutional neural network (CNN) model for sentence similarity analysis. On the other hand, the anti‐dropout layers are combined with the adversarial CNN model to reduce the overfitting concern. The proposed framework, adversarial CNN with IBOA, obtained higher results with f1‐score of 88.70%, accuracy of 89.40%, correct rate of 88.95%, recall of 89.48%, and precision of 89.41% on the Microsoft Research Paraphrase Corpus (MSRP) dataset. The obtained results are superiorly better than the conventional deep learning models.
Comparison of analytical approaches for the detection of oral testosterone undecanoate administration in men
Authors: Langer Tobias , Nicoli Raul , Schweizer‐Grundisch Carine , Grabherr Silke , Kuuranne Tiia , Musenga Alessandro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFor antidoping laboratories, the determination of an illicit testosterone (T) administration in urine samples remains a difficult process as it requires the determination of the exogenous origin by carbon isotope ratios (CIRs) of testosterone and its metabolites. As a complement to the urinary analysis, targeting testosterone esters (e.g. testosterone undecanoate [TU]) in serum samples by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) could represent a simpler approach compared with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). These two approaches both lead to the direct detection of the administration of exogenous T but with a difference in effort and complexity of the analysis. To compare the detection window obtained with the two strategies, serum and the corresponding urine samples collected from an administration study with oral TU were analysed. Results showed that, at all timepoints where the intact TU was detected in serum, the CIRs of urinary steroids were also not in agreement with an endogenous origin. IRMS analysis required more effort but resulted in slightly longer detection windows than the ester analysis. Finally, this comparison study showed that, in the presence of a suspicious urinary steroid profile, the LC–MS/MS steroid esters analysis in the corresponding serum samples can be very helpful. If steroid esters are not detected, the IRMS analysis can then be conducted on the urine sample afterwards. Overall, the combination of matrices might facilitate the detection of prohibited T administration in sports, especially for athletes with naturally low T/E ratios.
Radiofrequency catheter ablation for pulmonary hypertension patients with atrial flutter
Authors: Zhang Aikai , Ding Lei , Zhang Hongda , Mi Lijie , Yu Fengyuan , Tang Min 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimsWe aimed to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) and the factors influencing mortality after RFCA in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and atrial flutter (AFL).Methods and resultsFifty‐eight consecutive PH patients with AFL who underwent an electrophysiological study and RFCA between April 2013 and August 2021 were selected for this study. In the study population, pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease (PAH‐CHD) was the most common type of PH (n = 34, 59%), followed by idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) (n = 19, 33%). Typical atrial flutter was the most common type of atrial flutter (n = 50, 86.2%). Sinus rhythm was restored in 53 (91.4%) patients during RFCA. After a mean follow‐up of 33.8 months, AFL recurred in a total of 22 patients. Nine of them underwent repeat RFCA, and the site of the repeat ablation was not exactly the same as the first. At a median follow‐up of 34.6 months after the last ablation, none of the patients who underwent repeat RFCA experienced AFL recurrence, and all of these patients survived. There were no procedure‐related complications during hospitalization or follow‐up. Univariate Cox regression analysis suggested that AFL recurrence after the last ablation was not associated with all‐cause mortality. NT‐proBNP (HR: 1.00024, 95% CI: 1.00008–1.00041, P = 0.004), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) (HR: 1.048, 95% CI: 1.020–1.076, P = 0.001), and IPAH (vs. PAH‐CHD, HR: 7.720, 95% CI: 1.437–41.483, P = 0.017) were independent predictors of all‐cause mortality in PH patients with AFL after RFCA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) of PASP for predicting all‐cause mortality was 0.708. There was no significant difference in the Kaplan–Meier curves for all‐cause mortality between patients with AFL recurrence after the last ablation and those without recurrence (P = 0.851). Patients with higher PASP (≥110 mmHg) and IPAH showed the lower survival rate in Kaplan–Meier curves.ConclusionRepeat ablation was safe and feasible in patients with recurrent AFL and can maintain sinus rhythm. AFL recurrence was not associated with all‐cause mortality, and patients with high PASP or IPAH were at higher risk for adverse outcomes.
Pleural effusion in severe aortic stenosis: marker of an adverse haemodynamic constellation and poor prognosis
Authors: Breuss Alexander , Porsch Maximilian , Aschmann André , Weber Lukas , Appert Sharon , Haager Philipp K. , Weilenmann Daniel , Wildermuth Simon , Rickli Hans , Maeder Micha T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimPleural effusion (PE) is a common chest radiography (CXR) finding in patients with advanced cardiac disease. The pathophysiology and clinical value of PE in this setting are incompletely defined. We aimed to assess the haemodynamic correlates and prognostic impact of PE in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS).Methods and resultsWe studied 471 patients (mean age 74 ± 10 years) with severe AS (indexed aortic valve area 0.42 ± 0.12 cm2/m2, left ventricular ejection fraction 58 ± 12%) undergoing right heart catheterization and upright CXR prior to aortic valve replacement (AVR). Two radiologist independently evaluated all CXR for the presence of bilateral PE, unilateral, or no PE, blinded to any other data. There were 49 (10%) patients with bilateral PE, 32 (7%) patients with unilateral PE, and 390 (83%) patients with no PE. Patients with bilateral PE had the highest mean right atrial pressure, mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure (mPAWP), and pulmonary vascular resistance, and had the lowest stroke volume index while those with unilateral PE had intermediate values. In the multivariate analysis, mPAWP was an independent predictor of any PE and bilateral PE. After a median (interquartile range) post‐AVR follow‐up of 1361 (957–1878) days mortality was highest in patients with bilateral PE (2.7 times higher than in patients without PE), whereas patients with unilateral PE had similar mortality as those without PE.ConclusionsIn severe AS patients, the presence of PE, particularly bilateral PE, is a marker of a poor haemodynamic constellation. Bilateral PE is associated with a substantially increased post‐AVR mortality.
An Organic Chemist's Guide to Fluorophores – Understanding Common and Newer Non‐Planar Fluorescent Molecules for Biological Applications
Authors: Lovell Terri C. , Branchaud Bruce P. , Jasti Ramesh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLabeling and detection of biomolecules in vitro and in vivo is essential to many areas of biomedical science. Fluorophores stand as indispensable tools within chemical biology, underscoring the importance of fine‐tuning their optical properties. This review focuses on methods for optimizing emission wavelength, quantum yield and photostability. We focus not just on the trends, but the fundamental physical organic chemistry concepts that inform the connection between molecular structure and fluorescent properties. This approach offers an essential understanding of fluorescence, enabling readers to develop a systematic analytical framework for thinking about fluorescence. Furthermore, an evaluation of newer non‐planar fluorophores shines light on the bright future of fluorescent molecules.
Optimization of drilling parameters for coal seam gas extraction considering fluid–solid coupling and field application
Authors: Yang Wang , Mengtang Xu , Dezhong Kong , Yuqi Shang , Fei Li 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAffect gas extraction efficiency to find out the optimum well location parameters, based on the gray correlation analysis of borehole diameter, borehole spacing, and extraction pressure three boreholes parameters that influence efficiency of gas extraction from the design of orthogonal experiment, using COMSOL simulate the effective radius of extraction under different experiments, and the effective radius of extraction for optimizing index quantitative gas extraction efficiency. The results showed that: factors affecting the gas extraction efficiency of the correlation between high and low aperture drilling, borehole spacing, and extraction from extraction negative pressure, it is concluded that the influence parameters of optimal layout parameter values, respectively, borehole diameter 8 cm and 3 m borehole spacing, extraction pressure 50 kPa, combined with the numerical simulation analysis using the optimal layout of gas drilling extraction from about 30 days. The decrease in gas pressure is about 45%, which basically meets the extraction standard, and the decreasing trend of gas pressure is obviously slowed down when the extraction time is longer than 30 days. The engineering experiment is carried out in the 9306 transport lane of a mine in Guizhou Province, and the results are basically consistent with the simulation results, which verify the rationality of the gray correlation analysis method to optimize the drilling parameters, and provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of drilling parameters.
Direct tensile damage process of calcite vein shale based on 3D CT reconstruction
Authors: Meng Xiangrui , Wu Zhonghu , Lan Baofeng , Jiang Haishen , Yang Yuhan , Wang Wentao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFrom core observations of shales of the Niutitang formation in the northern part of Guizhou Province, China, calcite was often found to act as a natural fracture filler and affect the extension of fractures in hydraulic fracturing. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the tensile mechanical behavior of shales by calcite veins. In this paper, by computed tomography scanning of shales containing calcite veins of different dip angles from the Niutitang formation, a three‐dimensional numerical model reflecting the internal fine structure of the shale was constructed. Direct tensile numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the effect of calcite veins at different angles on the fine‐scale damage process and mechanical properties of shale. The experimental results show that the tensile capacity of the shale increases with the increase in calcite veins. Depending on the dip angle of the calcite vein, the damage pattern of the shale is divided into three types of damage: pull‐off damage along the calcite vein, jagged damage, and horizontal damage perpendicular to the loading method. At high dip angles, the shale damage is more intense and the fracture network more complex. The temporal and spatial characteristics of the acoustic emissions provide a good indication of the microscopic behavior of the shale specimens during the damage process. The box dimension method was used to calculate the fractal dimension of the shale specimens at the final damage, and it was found that the damage was more intense and the fracture network was more complex at high dip angles, and there was an angular threshold.
Parameter identification of solar photovoltaic models by multi strategy sine–cosine algorithm
Authors: Zhou Ting‐ting , Shang Chao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAccurate modeling and parameter identification of photovoltaic (PV) cells is a difficult task due to the nonlinear characteristics of PV cells. The goal of this paper is to propose a multi strategy sine–cosine algorithm (SCA), named enhanced sine–cosine algorithm (ESCA), to evaluate nondirectly measurable parameters of PV cells. The ESCA introduces the concept of population average position to increase the population exploration ability, and at the same time introduces the personal destination agent mutation mechanism and competitive selection mechanism into SCA to provide more search directions for ESCA while ensuring the search accuracy and diversity maintenance. To prove that the proposed ESCA is the best choice for extracting nondirectly measurable parameters of PV cells, ESCA is evaluated by the single‐diode model, the double‐diode model, the three‐diode model, and the photovoltaic module model (PVM), and compared with eight existing popular methods. Experimental results show that ESCA outperforms similar methods in terms of diversity maintenance, high efficiency, and stability. In particular, the proposed ESCA method is less than the SCA by 0.081, 0.144, and 0.578 in the standard deviation statistics metrics of the three PVM models (PV‐PWP201, STM6‐40/36, and STP6‐120/36), respectively. Therefore, the proposed ESCA is an accurate and reliable method for parameter identification of PV cells.
Comparative numerical analysis of magnetized rectangular and trapezoidal fins
Authors: Ullah Sharif , Din Zia Ud , Ali Amir 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFins are extended surfaces that are designed to dissipate heat from hot sources to their surroundings. The different profiles of fins are used on the equipment surface to improve heat transfer. Fins are extensively used in refrigeration, solar panels, superheaters, electric equipment, automobile parts, combustion engines, and electrical equipment. On the basis of these applications, we study the thermal performances of magnetized convective–radiative‐rectangular fins with magnetized trapezoidal fins with internal heat generation. The shooting technique is used to numerically study the suggested model. It is revealed that magnetized trapezoidal fins transfer more heat than magnetized rectangular fins. It is also revealed that magnetized trapezoidal fins have higher thermal transfer competence than magnetized rectangular fins. When thermal conductivity, radiation–conduction number, and convection–conduction number increase, the fin's efficiency increases. In addition, a Hartmann number indicating the magnetic effect is found to improve heat transfer from the fins. Increasing the magnetism parameter from 0.1 to 0.3 reduced temperature by approximately 4.5%, changing internal heat generation from 0.1 to 0.5 increased temperature distribution by approximately 16%, and changing the Peclet number from 0.1 to 0.3 increased temperature distribution by approximately 15%. The effect of heat transfer coefficient, thermal radiation–conduction and convection–conduction, and dimensionless radiation are also investigated on the performance of the fins.
Uncertainty quantization of meteorological input and model parameters for hydrological modelling using a Bayesian‐based integrated approach
Authors: Yan Xueman , Song Jinxi , An Yongkai , Lu Wenxi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe traditional treatment of uncertainty in hydrological modelling primarily attributes it to model parameters, but rarely systematically considers meteorological input errors, especially in quantifying the impact of meteorological input errors on parameter uncertainty. This study developed a Bayesian‐based integrated approach to quantitatively investigate uncertainties in meteorological inputs (precipitation and temperature) and model parameters as well as the variation in parameter uncertainty due to meteorological input errors. Additionally, we analysed the propagation from these uncertainties to runoff response in snowmelt and non‐snowmelt periods. The applicability and advantages of this approach were presented by applying of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool to the Shitoukoumen Reservoir Catchment. Differential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis‐Markov Chain Monte Carlo was applied for the straightforward Bayesian inference the uncertainties of meteorological inputs and model parameters. On this basis, multilevel factorial analysis technology was used to quantitatively investigate the specific impact of the model parameters' individual and interactive effects due to meteorological input errors. Finally, the impact of meteorological input errors and model parameter uncertainty on the model performance were analysed and quantified systematically. The results showed that the meteorological input errors could affect the random characteristics of multiple model parameters. Moreover, meteorological input errors could further affect the model parameters' effects on annual average runoff. Overall, the above results have significant implications in enhancing hydrological model to simulate/predict runoff and understanding hydrological processes during different periods.
Lattice dynamics and thermoelectric properties of diamondoid materials
Authors: Xie Hongyao , Zhao Li‐Dong , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe diamondoid compounds are a large family of important semiconductors, which possess various unique transport properties and had been widely investigated in the fields of photoelectricity and nonlinear optics. For a significantly long period of time, diamondoid materials were not given much attention in the field of thermoelectricity. However, this changed when a series of diamondoid compounds showed a thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) greater than 1.0. This discovery sparked considerable interest in further exploring the thermoelectric properties of diamondoid materials. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of our current understanding of thermal and electronic transport in diamondoid materials and stimulate their development in thermoelectric applications. We present a collection of recent discoveries concerning the lattice dynamics and electronic structure of diamondoid materials. We review the underlying physics responsible for their unique electrical and phonon transport behaviors. Moreover, we provide insights into the advancements made in the field of thermoelectricity for diamondoid materials and the corresponding strategies employed to optimize their performance. Lastly, we emphasize the challenges that lie ahead and outline potential avenues for future research in the domain of diamondoid thermoelectric materials.