bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial inoculation prevents cold‐induced electrolyte leakage from tomato seeds and reduces thermal fluctuations in the rhizosphere
Authors: Baidya Shouvik , Biswas Nipa , Chowdhury Bratati , Chakraborty Binayak , Kumar Deepak , Karmakar Kapudeep 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundLow soil temperature and its fluctuation can negatively impact the growth of seedlings. The district of Cooch Behar (India), belonging to the Cwa zone (according to Koppen's classification), receives several cold waves during winter. Our previous study demonstrated that a constant temperature of 20 °C (chilling but not freezing) can cause a loss in the vigor of tomatoes. Since the temperature of the soil is not uniform throughout the day, we hypothesized that the duration of cold exposure can have variable effects on seed vigor.ResultsIt was observed that increasing the duration of cold stress can slow down the germination process and reduce vigor. This was due to the cold‐mediated damage to cell membranes (due to dehydration) which caused electrolyte leakage and reduced levels of glutathione reductase. In this regard, biopriming seeds with microbes that produce exopolysaccharide (EPS) can be useful as it can form a protective layer on the seeds. Indigenous EPS‐producing bacteria, Bacillus, Phytobacter and Priestia sp., were used for biopriming. Priestia and Phytobacter sp. not only reduced the electrolyte leakage but also increased the levels of antioxidant genes. This improved the germination speed and vigor. In a field trial, the rhizosphere of the seedlings pretreated with bioinoculants displayed a reduced thermal fluctuation compared with the untreated seeds.ConclusionThe seedlings treated with bioinoculants grew faster in soil in spite of low soil temperature. This can reduce the nursery time of seedlings. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
The Cross‐Sectional Areas and Anterior–Posterior Balance of the Cervical Paraspinal Muscles in Dropped Head Syndrome and Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Propensity Score‐Matched Analysis
Authors: Sono Takashi , Ijiri Kenta , Kakehi Kensaku , Masuda Soichiro , Shimizu Takayoshi , Murata Koichi , Matsuda Shuichi , Otsuki Bungo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionDropped head syndrome (DHS) is characterized by weakness of the neck extensor muscles. However, few studies have assessed the cross‐sectional areas (CSAs) of the cervical paraspinal muscles (CPM) and their anterior–posterior balance in DHS. This study aimed to elucidate the pathognomonic findings of DHS by comparing the CSAs and anterior–posterior balance of the CPM in patients with DHS and cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsWe compared the CSAs and anterior–posterior balance of the CPM in patients with DHS and CSM using MRI. Patients with CSM were selected in an age‐ and sex‐matched manner, using the propensity score. The longus colli (LC) muscle was selected as the anterior muscle; and the semispinalis cervicis (SSC), splenius capitis (SC), and multifidus muscles (MM) were selected as the posterior muscles. We calculated LC/SSC, LC/SC, LC/MM, and LC/(SSC + SC + MM), as indicators of neck muscle balance.ResultsThe DHS and the CSM cohort comprised 26 and 52 patients, respectively. Both cohorts had a mean age of 71‐year‐old. There were no significant differences in the CSAs and most of the indicators of neck balance between the two cohorts. However, the LC/SSC was significantly higher in the DHS cohort than that in the CSM cohort (40.3% and 29.1%, respectively; p < 0.01).ConclusionsOur study highlights a unique anterior–posterior imbalance in the CPM of DHS patients, differing from CSM patients. Strengthening the SSC muscle could be a key to preventing DHS progression.
Outer membrane vesicle contributes to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to antimicrobial peptides in the acidic airway of bronchiectasis patients
Authors: Xie Yingzhou , Shi Yi‐Han , Wang Le‐Le , Li Cheng‐Wei , Wu Min , Xu Jin‐Fu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is the predominant pathogen causing chronic infection in the airway of patients with bronchiectasis (BE), a chronic respiratory disease with high prevalence worldwide. Environmental factors are vital for bacterial successful colonization. Here, with sputa and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, we determined that the concentration of airway antimicrobial peptide LL‐37 and lactate was elevated in BE patients, especially in those infected with P. aeruginosa. The in vitro antibacterial assay revealed the bactericidal activity of LL‐37 against the clinical P. aeruginosa isolates, which were dampened in the acidic condition. P. aeruginosa production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) enhanced in the lactate‐adjusted acidic condition. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that OMVs induce the hyperproduction of the chemical compound 2‐heptyl‐4‐quinolone (HHQ) in the bacterial population, which was verified by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The positively charged HHQ interfered with the binding of LL‐37 to bacterial cell membrane, potentiating the P. aeruginosa resistance to LL‐37. To our knowledge, this is a new resistance mechanism of P. aeruginosa against antimicrobial peptides and may provide theoretical support for the development of new antibacterial therapies.
Wirtschaftlich katalysieren
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIndem sie die Aktivierungsenergie chemischer Reaktionen senken, helfen Katalysatoren, Energiekosten zu sparen, etwa beim Herstellen von Kunststoffen, Ammoniak oder Wasserstoff. Allerdings ist das Katalysatormaterial oft teuer. Welche günstigeren Alternativen gibt es?
Schritte aus der Komfortzone – mit Mehrwert
Authors: Gutenthaler‐Tietze Sophie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOb beim Tag der offenen Tür der Universität, bei Events wie Soapbox Science oder bei der Sendung mit der Maus – Sophie Gutenthaler‐Tietze bringt die Wissenschaft ins Laienpublikum. Wie sie das neben ihrer Promotion schafft und wie sie davon profitiert.
Vergleichen Sie Ihre Einkommensentwicklung
Authors: Pereira Jaé Angela 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDurch Fachkräftemangel, hohe Energiepreise und weitere Herausforderungen steht die Chemiebranche vor einem Wandel. Wie wirken sich solche Umstände auf die Gehaltsanpassungen in der Chemiebranche aus? Nehmen Sie an der GDCh/VAA‐Einkommensumfrage für die Chemie teil und gewinnen Sie wertvolle Einblicke.
A Novel Fourth‐Order Scheme for Two‐Dimensional Riesz Space Fractional Nonlinear Reaction‐Diffusion Equations and Its Optimal Preconditioned Solver
Authors: Qu Wei , Huang Yuan‐Yuan , Hon Sean , Lei Siu‐Long 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA novel fourth‐order finite difference formula coupling the Crank–Nicolson explicit linearized method is proposed to solve Riesz space fractional nonlinear reaction‐diffusion equations in two dimensions. Theoretically, under the Lipschitz assumption on the nonlinear term, the proposed high‐order scheme is proved to be unconditionally stable and convergent in the discrete ‐norm. Moreover, a ‐matrix‐based preconditioner is developed to speed up the convergence of the conjugate gradient method with an optimal convergence rate (a convergence rate independent of mesh sizes) for solving the symmetric discrete linear system. Theoretical analysis shows that the spectra of the preconditioned matrices are uniformly bounded in the open interval . This preconditioned iterative solver, to the best of our knowledge, is a new development with a mesh‐independent convergence rate for the linearized high‐order scheme. Numerical examples are given to validate the accuracy of the scheme and the effectiveness of the proposed preconditioned solver.
A Personalised Caring Approach at Home—Patients, Relatives and Nurses' Experiences of Specialised Palliative Care: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Osberg Ferm Liselott , Karlsson Margareta , Kasén Anne , Pennbrant Sandra 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimThis study aimed to describe patients, relatives and nurses' experiences of specialised palliative home care.DesignIntegrated literature review.MethodsThe review was performed using the PRISMA 2020 Statement. The searches were conducted in Cinahl, PubMed and Scopus.ResultsEighteen articles were selected. An overall theme ‘co‐creation for personalised home care’ emerged, based on three categories: ‘Safe and secure care’, ‘Care based on wishes and needs’ and ‘Relatives' caring role’. Patients, relatives and nurses' experiences showed that co‐creation was an important strategy for achieving goals and enabling patients to remain at home despite illness and limited life expectancy.ConclusionCo‐creation becomes a prerequisite for personalised home care and enabled through collaboration and learning between patients, relatives and nurses.Patient or Public ContributionThis article is an overview of how patients, relatives and nurses experience care at home, supported by a specialised palliative care unit, and the result showed that co‐creation enables personalised care.
The Type‐II g‐C6N6/As Heterojunction for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting in the Visible‐Light Region: A Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Yang Jian , Xie Furong , Huang Yuhong , Zhang Jianmin , Wei Xiumei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStrategically engineering heterojunctions through the integration of two or more monolayer materials presents a promising avenue for augmenting the efficiency of solar‐driven overall water splitting, which holds the potential for mitigating the escalating environmental challenges. Herein, based on first‐principles calculations, the functional type‐II g‐C6N6/As heterojunction is first constructed by g‐C6N6 and As, then, systematically investigated its structural stability, optoelectronic properties and photocatalytic mechanism and potential for catalyzing water splitting, respectively. Owing to the band‐bending effect and the built‐in electric field induced across the heterojunction interface, the photogenerated electrons and holes on the surface could effectively separate and extend their carrier lifetimes. The heterojunction as a type‐II system photocatalyst with the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions occurring, respectively, happen at g‐C6N6 and As surfaces. The heterojunction requires only an additional voltage of 0.29 V to ensure the photoinduced holes provide sufficient energy to drive the OER process. The introduction of single‐layer As could effectively adjust the reaction energy barrier of the HER activity for single‐layer g‐C6N6, thus ultimately significantly enhancing HER performance of heterojunction. More significantly, the heterojunction breaks the optical‐capturing obstacle of the g‐C6N6 and exhibits strong optical capture capability in the regions from the infrared to visible light. Meanwhile, the value of the STH efficiency for heterojunction is up to 28.18%, which exceeds the value of the economically feasible requirement (10%). The above results are beneficial for the quantified design and application of photocatalytic heterojunction for overall water splitting and offer valuable insights for potential commercial implementations.
Superior Active and Durable Air Electrode for Protonic Ceramic Cells by Metal‐Oxide Bond Engineering
Authors: Yu Xiaole , Ge Lin , Mi Yaowei , Wu Bangze , Yu Zhexiang , Jin Zhanheng , Zhao Zenan , He Bingyu , Chen Han , Zheng Yifeng , Cui Sheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractProtonic ceramic cells (PCCs) have been identified as promising energy conversion devices, offering flexible fuel options and reduced operating consumption at intermediate temperatures. However, the application of traditional cobalt‐based perovskite air electrodes in PCCs is hindered by their insufficient durability and high coefficient of thermal expansion. In this study, a straightforward metal‐oxygen bond engineering is conducted, introducing a single‐phase perovskite, Ba0.95La0.05(Fe0.8Zn0.2)0.9Ni0.1O3−δ (BLFZN0.1), as a substitution for cobalt‐based perovskite. BLFZN0.1 demonstrates superior electrochemical properties, with an area‐specific resistance of 0.015 Ω cm2 at 700 °C, and demonstrates reliable durability over 100 h. The introduction of Ni element increases the concentration of oxygen defects and enhances the oxygen catalytic activity. As a result, a protonic ceramic fuel cell using BLFZN0.1 air electrode achieves the highest peak power density (1353 mW cm⁻2 at 700 °C) yet recorded for cells with BLFZ‐based air electrodes. Furthermore, the single cell with BLFZN0.1 exhibits remarkable current density (1.66 A cm−2 at 700 °C) in the electrolysis mode, highlighting its potential for application in electrolysis devices. This study presents an effective and straightforward strategy for modifying PCC air electrodes with high electrochemical performance and comparable durability, thereby facilitating their commercial application.
Active Water Optimization in Different Electrolyte Systems for Stable Zinc Anodes
Authors: Tian Guoxing , Song Ailing , Liu Ming , Song Yanan , Liu Ying , Tian Ningning , Fan Yuqian , Chen Ling , Shao Guangjie , Ma Zhipeng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractZinc (Zn) metal, with abundant resources, intrinsic safety, and environmental benignity, presents an attractive prospect as a novel electrode material. However, many substantial challenges remain in realizing the widespread application of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) technologies. These encompass significant material corrosion challenges (This can lead to battery failure in an unloaded state.), hydrogen evolution reactions, pronounced dendrite growth at the anode interface, and a constrained electrochemical stability window. Consequently, these factors contribute to diminished battery lifespan and energy efficiency while restricting high‐voltage performance. Although numerous reviews have addressed the potential of electrode and separator design to mitigate these issues to some extent, the inherent reactivity of water remains the fundamental source of these challenges, underscoring the necessity for precise regulation of active water molecules within the electrolyte. In this review, the failure mechanism of AZIBs (unloaded and in charge and discharge state) is analyzed, and the optimization strategy and working principle of water in the electrolyte are reviewed, aiming to provide insights for effectively controlling the corrosion process and hydrogen evolution reaction, further controlling dendrite formation, and expanding the range of electrochemical stability. Furthermore, it outlines the challenges to promote its practical application and future development pathways.
DNA‐based Precision Tools to Probe and Program Mechanobiology and Organ Engineering
Authors: Singh Nihal , Sharma Ayushi , Goel Anjana , Kumar Krishan , Solanki Raghu , Bhatia Dhiraj 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDNA nanotechnology represents an innovative discipline that combines nanotechnology with biotechnology. It exploits the distinctive characteristics of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to create nanoscale structures and devices with remarkable accuracy and functionality. Researchers may create complex nanostructures with precision and specialized functions using DNA's innate stability, adaptability, and capacity to self‐assemble through complementary base‐pairing interactions. Integrating multiple disciplines, known as nanobiotechnology, allows the production of sophisticated nanodevices with a broad range of applications. These include precise drug delivery systems, extremely sensitive biosensors, and the construction of intricate tissue scaffolds for regenerative medicine. Moreover, combining DNA nanotechnology with mechanobiology provides a new understanding of how small‐scale mechanical stresses and molecular interactions affect cellular activity and tissue development. DNA nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize molecular diagnostics, tissue engineering, and organ regeneration. This could lead to enormous improvements in biomedicine. This review emphasizes the most recent developments in DNA nanotechnology, explicitly highlighting its significant influence on mechanobiology and its growing involvement in organ engineering. It provides an extensive overview of present trends, obstacles, and future prospects in this fast‐progressing area.
Accelerating the Zn2+ Transport Kinetics in the Pre‐Solvated Artificial Protective Layer via Preferential Electrostatic Interactions for Stable Zinc Anode
Authors: Zhang Yan , Shi Zena , Liu Ye , He Xiaoxiao , Fu Xianwei , Shi Ruijuan , Jiao Shilong , Zhao Yong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe intrinsic safety and cost‐effectiveness of the aqueous zinc ion batteries hold the potential for grid‐scale energy storage. However, the uncontrolled dendrite growth, parasitic reactions, and electrochemical corrosion of the anode due to the random Zn2+ transport near the anode hinder its practical applications. Herein, a pre‐solvated artificial protective layer (ps‐APL) with a nitrogen‐containing functional group is constructed by an in situ polymerization strategy to stabilize the Zn anode via boosted Zn2+ mass transport kinetics and oriented exposure of the Zn(002) facets. The preferential electrostatic interaction between the nitrogen atoms and Zn2+ induces accelerated migration kinetics in the partially solvated protective layer, which homogenizes the ion flux and nucleation sites. Moreover, the optimized adsorption behavior of the polymer on the Zn surfaces facilitates the Zn(002)‐orientated deposition, which substantially suppresses the dendrites growth. Consequently, the ps‐APL‐coated Zn anode delivers a stability for 2200 h at 1 mA cm−2, enabling an 8.8‐time enhancement in comparison to the bare Zn anode. More impressively, the protected Zn anode stably cycles for over 1000 h at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2, displaying a 10‐time enhancement. Consequently, Zn||VO2 full battery exhibits stable cycling for 2100 cycles with excellent safety at 1 A g−1.
New sauropod teeth from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal and their implications for sauropod dental evolution
Authors: Saleiro André , Tschopp Emanuel 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Upper Jurassic of Portugal is well known for its dinosaurian fauna, which includes five sauropod species. Although only one of these species preserves associated dental material, isolated sauropod teeth are commonly found in the Upper Jurassic units of Portugal. The morphological diversity of Portuguese sauropod teeth has already been described and attributed to four dental morphotypes. Here, we report an additional 24 heart‐shaped teeth, 9 spatulate teeth, 16 compressed chisel‐shaped teeth and 10 pencil‐shaped teeth of the hitherto unstudied collection of Museu da Lourinhã. All four morphotypes are attributed to sauropod clades known from the Portuguese Upper Jurassic fossil record, based on morphology and tooth slenderness. Although statistical tests show a clear relation between a widely used Slenderness Index (SI) and taxonomy, morphology proves to be necessary to correctly interpret any usage of the SI as a taxonomic tool. As such, when it comes to the Upper Jurassic Portuguese tooth record, we attribute the heart‐shaped teeth to Turiasauria, spatulate teeth to Camarasauridae, compressed chisel‐shaped teeth to Titanosauriformes indet., and pencil‐shaped teeth to Flagellicaudata. A reassessment of sauropod dental evolution shows a general trend of increasing tooth slenderness in all studied taxonomic groups, and a disappearance of broad‐crowned taxa with well developed tooth‐to‐tooth occlusion by the end of the Early Cretaceous. We suggest that this may be correlated with the evolution of dental batteries in ornithischians, which were more efficient in oral food processing.
Enhanced Decolorization of Basic Violet 14 Dye Wastewater and Its Phytotoxicity Assessment: A Green Approach
Authors: Sharma Ritu , Sharma Poonam , Kumar Naveen , Aggarwal Neeraj K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDye‐polluted wastewater poses significant health risks and necessitates effective management techniques to mitigate its environmental and biological impact. Industrialization, particularly in the textile sector, has led to widespread water pollution as untreated or inadequately treated industrial effluents, rich in toxic synthetic dyes, are discharged into water bodies. These pollutants are not only harmful to aquatic ecosystems but also pose serious risks to human health due to their carcinogenic properties. Addressing this challenge, the current study investigates the use of a bacterial strain, Bacillus subtilis, to degrade the persistent and carcinogenic dye, basic violet 14, found in industrial wastewater. Initial experiments using the one‐factor‐at‐a‐time approach resulted in ∼74% decolorization, which was significantly improved to 84.40% through the use of response surface methodology and the Box‐Behnken design. Under optimal conditions (dye concentration 100 mg/L, temperature 32.5°C, pH 7, inoculum size 10% v/v), the bacterial treatment was highly effective. Advanced techniques like UV‐Visible spectroscopy and FTIR were employed to assess the structural changes in the dye post‐treatment. Additionally, a phytotoxicity assay demonstrated the treated water's potential for safe reuse in agriculture, highlighting this bacterial strain's promise as a sustainable bioremediation agent for dye‐polluted wastewater, benefiting both the environment and industries.
Weighted LAD-Liu-LASSO for robust estimation and sparsity
Authors: Genç Murat , Lukman Adewale 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) is widely used for parameter estimation and variable selection but can encounter challenges with outliers and heavy-tailed error distributions. Integrating variable selection methods such as LASSO with Weighted Least Absolute Deviation (WLAD) has been explored in limited studies to handle these problems. In this study, we proposed the integration of Weighted Least Absolute Deviation with Liu-LASSO to handle variable selection, parameter estimation, and heavy-tailed error distributions due to the advantages of the Liu-LASSO approach over traditional LASSO methods. This approach is demonstrated through a simple simulation study and real-world application. Our findings showcase the superiority of our method over existing techniques while maintaining the asymptotic efficiency comparable to the unpenalized LAD estimator.