bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amelogenin Stimulates Bone Sialoprotein (BSP) Expression Through Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Response Element and Transforming Growth Factor‐β1 Activation Element in the Promoter of the BSP Gene
Authors: Shimizu Emi , Saito Ryoichiro , Nakayama Youhei , Nakajima Yu , Kato Naoko , Takai Hideki , Kim Dong‐Soon , Arai Masato , Simmer James , Ogata Yorimasa 
Published: September 2005

Background: Amelogenins are a complex mixture of hydrophobic proteins that are the major organic component of developing enamel. The principal function of the amelogenins and their degradation products has been assigned to structural roles in creating the space and milieu for promoting enamel mineralization. Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been used clinically for periodontal regeneration and its therapeutic effectiveness has been attributed to amelogenin, non‐amelogenin enamel matrix proteins, and growth factors. While EMD is believed to induce periodontal regeneration, the precise mechanism is not known. Bone sialoprotein (BSP), an early phenotypic marker of osteoblast and cementoblast differentiation, has been implicated in the nucleation of hydroxyapatite during bone formation. In this study, we examined the ability of amelogenin to regulate BSP gene transcription in osteoblast like cells.Methods: We conducted Northern hybridization, transient transfection analyses, and gel mobility shift assays using full‐length recombinant amelogenin to determine the molecular basis of the transcriptional regulation of BSP gene by amelogenin.Results: Recombinant amelogenin (1 µg/ml, 12 hours) increased BSP mRNA levels ∼2.4‐fold. In transient transfection analyses, amelogenin (1 µg/ml, 12 hours) increased luciferase activity ∼1.5‐fold in pLUC3 (nucleotides –116 to +60) and further increased pLUC5 (nucleotides –801 to +60) activity ∼2.3‐fold transfected into ROS 17/2.8 cells. Amelogenin also increased luciferase activities in rat stromal bone marrow cells. The effect of amelogenin was inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A. Transcriptional stimulation by amelogenin was almost completely abrogated in cells expressing a BSP promoter construct with a mutation in the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) response element (FRE). Gel mobility shift assays with radiolabeled FRE and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) activation element (TAE) ds‐oligonucleotides revealed increased binding of nuclear proteins from amelogenin‐stimulated ROS 17/2.8 cells.Conclusion: Amelogenin stimulation alters BSP gene transcription by inducing nuclear proteins that bind to the FRE and TAE in the rat BSP gene promoter. J Periodontol 2005;76:1482‐1489.
Age‐Related and Surgically Induced Estrogen Deficiencies May Differently Affect Bone Around Titanium Implants in Rats
Authors: Duarte Poliana Mendes , Gonçalves Patrícia Furtado , Zaffalon Casati Márcio , Sallum Enilson Antonio , Nociti Francisco H. 
Published: September 2005

Background: Valuable information has been obtained using the ovariectomy model; however, clinical studies have indicated that such a model may not be appropriate to parallel with the postmenopausal condition and titanium implants. Thus, this study aimed to comparatively evaluate, by histometric analysis, the influence of age‐related (ARED) and surgically induced (OVX) estrogen deficiencies on bone around titanium implants inserted in rats.Methods: Single screw‐shaped titanium implants were placed in rat tibiae and animals were then assigned to one of the following groups: SHAM (N = 15): bilateral sham ovariectomies in 90‐day‐old rats, 21 days before implant placement; OVX (N = 15): bilateral ovariectomies in 90‐day‐old rats, 21 days before implant placement; and ARED (N = 15): implant placement in reproductive aged rats (22 months old). After 60 days, the animals were sacrificed and undecalcified sections obtained. Boneto‐ implant contact (BIC) and bone area (BA) within the limits of implant threads and bone density (BD) in a 500 µm‐wide zone lateral to the implant were obtained and arranged for cortical (zone A) and cancellous (zone B) bone regions.Results: For zone A, intergroup analysis showed no signifi‐ cant differences regarding BIC and BA (P >0.05). In contrast, ARED negatively influenced BD around the implants (P <0.05). In zone B, OVX negatively affected BIC and BA (P <0.05), and both ARED and OVX groups demonstrated lower BD than the SHAM group (P <0.05).Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that ARED mainly affects preexisting bone while OVX more significantly affects both newly formed and preexisting bone. J Periodontol 2005;76:1496‐1501.
Using a Delphi Panel to Survey Criteria for Successful Periodontal Therapy in Posterior Teeth
Authors: Lightfoot W. Scott , Hefti Arthur , Mariotti Angelo 
Published: September 2005

Background: Health care providers have focused on outcome measures to determine the success or failure of treatment. In periodontics, there is no consistent view regarding what outcome measure( s) is(are) important for successful treatment. This study used a Delphi surveying technique to determine which outcome measures were clinically relevant to an expert panel of periodontists.Methods: The Delphi surveyed 35 periodontists from the United States to determine the level of importance of attachment level, probing depth, furcation involvement, mobility, plaque, inflammation, esthetics, pain, and patient satisfaction following periodontal treatment of posterior teeth in a patient with severe chronic periodontitis. The Delphi panelists were questioned concerning the relative importance of each outcome measure, a minimally acceptable level considered necessary for success for each outcome measure, and the length of time required for these outcome measures to remain stable.Results: Following two rounds of Delphi surveys, the panelists considered the control of pain to be an “extremely important” outcome measure for successful periodontal treatment. Attachment levels, probing depths, plaque levels, degree of inflammation, function, furcation involvement, and patient satisfaction were considered to be “very important” outcomes for successful periodontal treatment. The minimally acceptable reduction in probing depths following 1 year of treatment was 2 mm; whereas up to 1 mm of attachment loss was considered acceptable. The panel found that Glickman grade 2 furcation involvement or Miller degree II mobility would be considered an acceptable outcome for clinical success. Finally, the panel agreed that the 1‐year results of treatment should remain stable for a minimum of 5 years.Conclusions: The Delphi surveying technique proved useful in developing a hierarchy for the relevance of periodontal outcome measures. Absence of pain was the only outcome measure considered to be “extremely important” for successful therapy. Although panelists considered attachment loss, furcation invasions, and mobility as “very important” outcomes, they were willing to accept loss of attachment of up to 1 mm, grade 2 furcation involvement, and degree II mobility following treatment as long as outcomes remained stable for 5 years. These data suggest that minimal standards for success of posterior teeth can be established among periodontal practitioners. J Periodontol 2005;76:1502‐1507.
Using a Delphi Panel to Survey Criteria for Successful Periodontal Therapy in Anterior Teeth
Authors: Lightfoot W. Scott , Hefti Arthur , Mariotti Angelo 
Published: September 2005

Background: Valuable decision making for periodontal treatment success in situations where there is ambiguous or conflicting information was previously reported using a consensus building method, the Delphi survey, for posterior teeth with chronic periodontitis. This study focuses on outcome measures relevant in assessing therapy of anterior teeth with chronic periodontitis.Methods: The Delphi panelists were the same American periodontists who participated in the previous Delphi survey evaluating successful therapy in posterior teeth. In this study, panelists determined the level of importance of attachment level, probing depth, mobility, plaque, inflammation, esthetics, pain, and patient satisfaction following periodontal treatment of a single tooth or multiple anterior teeth in a patient with severe chronic periodontitis. The panelists were questioned concerning the relative importance of each outcome measure, a minimally acceptable level considered necessary for success for each outcome measure, and the length of time required for these outcome measures to remain stable.Results: The 35 panelists considered the control of pain, esthetics, and patient satisfaction to be “extremely important” outcome measures for successful periodontal treatment of single or multiple teeth. Attachment levels, probing depths, plaque levels, degree of inflammation, and mobility (for multiple teeth) were considered to be “very important” outcomes. The minimally acceptable reduction in probing depths following 1 year of treatment was 2 mm; whereas 2 mm of attachment gain was considered necessary for successful treatment. The panel also found a Miller degree I mobility as an acceptable outcome for clinical success. Finally, the panel agreed that the 1‐year results of treatment should remain stable for a minimum of 5 years.Conclusions: The Delphi technique proved a practical instrument to transform expert opinion into a group consensus for relevant periodontal outcome measures. Absence of pain, esthetics, and patient satisfaction were outcome measures considered “extremely important” for successful therapy. Although panelists considered attachment loss, probing depths, and mobility somewhat less important outcomes, they wanted an attachment gain of 2 mm and would accept a degree I mobility as long as outcomes remained stable for 5 years. These data suggest that minimal standards for successful therapy of anterior teeth can be established among periodontal practitioners. J Periodontol 2005;76:1508‐1512.
The Basal Phosphorylation Sites of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase at Serine (Ser)1177, Ser116, and Threonine (Thr)495 in Rat Molar Epithelial Rests of Malassez
Authors: Korkmaz Yüksel , Bloch Wilhelm , Addicks Klaus , Schneider Kurt , Baumann Michael A. , Raab Wolfgang H.‐M. 
Published: September 2005

Background: The epithelial rests of Malassez (ERM) are derived from the Hertwig's epithelial root sheath during tooth development. The ERM contain endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), but the existence of phosphorylation site/s of eNOS in the ERM is unclear.Methods: Rat molars with periodontium were perfusion‐ and post‐fixed, decalcified, and frozen‐sectioned. Free‐floating sections were incubated using antisera against total eNOS, eNOS phosphorylated at serine (Ser)1177, Ser116, and threonine (Thr)495. The signal intensities of t‐eNOS, p‐eNOS at Ser1177 and Ser116 in the ERM were measured by densitometry and statistically analyzed.Results: In the ERM, localization of total eNOS and the phosphorylation sites of eNOS at Ser1177 and Ser116 were detected, while a basal localization of eNOS phosphorylated at Thr495 in the ERM was undetectable. For p‐eNOS at Ser116 regional differences in phosphorylation were detected.Conclusions: The basal production of NO by eNOS in the ERM is modulated by phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1177 and Ser116 residues, while the basal activity of the eNOS is not influenced by phosphorylation of eNOS at Thr495 residue. This provides evidence that phosphorylation plays a key role for regulation of the catalytic activity of eNOS. J Periodontol 2005;76:1513‐1519.
Cyclosporin But Not Tacrolimus Significantly Increases Salivary Cytokine Contents in Rats
Authors: Spolidorio Luís Carlos , Holzhausen Marinella , Spolidorio Denise M. Palomari , Nassar Carlos A. , Nassar Patricia O. , Muscará Marcelo Nicolás 
Published: September 2005

Background: Cyclosporin (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK‐506) are immunosuppressive drugs that specifically inhibit T‐cell activation via calcineurin inhibition. Gingival overgrowth is a common side effect following the administration of CsA. The severity of gingival overgrowth seen in patients taking FK‐506 is less than that observed with CsA. Little is known about the involvement of saliva in drug‐induced gingival overgrowth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the salivary contents of tumor growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) as well as the hystometry of gingival tissue obtained from rats treated with either FK‐506 or CsA.Methods: For 30 or 60 days rats received daily subcutaneous injection doses of either CsA or FK‐506 (10 mg/kg). The concentrations of TGF‐β1, EGF, and IL‐6 in saliva were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and after histological processing, the oral epithelium and connective tissue were assessed at the region of the lower first molars.Results: The levels of TGF‐β1, EGF, and IL‐6 in saliva were not significantly altered by any of the treatments after 30 days. After 60 days of treatment with CsA, gingival overgrowth and significant increase in salivary TGF‐β1, EGF, and IL‐6 concentrations were observed; no statistically significant changes were induced by FK‐506.Conclusion: Within the limits of this experimental study, it can be concluded that CsA, but not FK‐506, induced gingival overgrowth associated with an increase of the salivary levels of the cytokines TGF‐β1, EGF, and IL‐6. J Periodontol 2005;76:1520‐1525.
Relationship Between Drinking and Periodontitis: The Hisayama Study
Authors: Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Saito Toshiyuki , Kiyohara Yutaka , Kato Isao , Kubo Michiaki , Iida Mitsuo , Yamashita Yoshihisa 
Published: September 2005

Background: Although recent studies suggest a relationship between alcohol consumption and periodontal disease, the doseresponse relationship between drinking and the severity of periodontitis is unclear.Methods: Alcohol consumption was evaluated using the frequency of drinking and the daily alcohol intake for 961 individuals aged 40 to 79 years. Periodontal status was evaluated using probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL).Results: Alcohol consumption was linearly associated with the extent of PD and CAL in univariate analyses (P <0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analyses, the subjects drinking 15 to 29.9 g alcohol per day (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1 to 6.6) or more than 30 g per day (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.1 to 5.7) had a significantly higher risk of having more than 35% of their teeth with PD ≥4 mm than non‐drinkers, independent of other confounding variables. No significant relationship between drinking and CAL was observed in the multivariate analysis.Conclusion: These results suggest that the effect of drinking on periodontal condition is limited to subjects with deep periodontal pockets associated with more than one‐third of their teeth. J Periodontol 2005;76:1534‐1541.
Dexamethasone and Basic‐Fibroblast Growth Factor Regulate Markers of Mineralization in Cementoblasts In Vitro
Authors: Hakki Sema S. , Nohutcu Rahime M. , Hakki Erdogan E. , Berry Janice E. , Akkaya Mahinur S. , Somerman Martha J. 
Published: September 2005

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of basic‐fibroblast growth factor (b‐FGF) and/or dexamethasone (Dex) on cementoblasts in vitro.Methods: Murine cementoblasts were treated as follows: 1) 5% FBS (fetal bovine serum) + ascorbic acid (AA, 50 µg/ml, control); 2) 5% FBS+Dex (10–7M)+AA; 3) 5% FBS+b‐FGF (50 ng/ml)+AA; or 4) 5% FBS+Dex (10–7 M)+b‐FGF (50 ng/ml)+AA and then evaluated by Northern analysis for changes in specific genes and by von Kossa stain for changes in mineral nodule formation.Results: Mitotic activity: b‐FGF stimulated DNA synthesis significantly versus negative control. Gene expression: osteocalcin (OCN): Dex or b‐FGF or the combination resulted in a decrease in expression versus control. Bone sialoprotein (BSP): Dex increased expression of BSP mRNA levels, b‐FGF decreased transcript for BSP at 6 and 24 hours. Long‐term (8 days) Dex, b‐FGF, or Dex plus b‐FGF caused a decrease in BSP expression versus control; osteopontin (OPN): both Dex and b‐FGF increased transcripts for OPN seen by 6 hours, with a greater increase noted with b‐FGF versus Dex. No apparent additive effect of Dex with b‐FGF was noted; matrix gamma‐carboxyglutamic acid protein (MGP): b‐FGF induced transcripts for MGP and addition of Dex increased this effect, while Dex alone had no effect on expression. Biomineralization: Dex increased cementoblast‐ mediated biomineralization, while b‐FGF blocked this activity, and addition of Dex to b‐FGF did not alter FGF associated inhibition.Conclusion: Dex and FGF alone and in combination alter cementoblast behavior, but additional studies are required to determine whether these factors have beneficial effects at the clinical level. J Periodontol 2005;76:1550‐1558.
Amelogenesis Imperfecta and Unusual Gingival Hyperplasia
Authors: Macedo Guilherme O. , Tunes Roberta S. , Motta Ana C.F. , Passador‐Santos Fabrício , Grisi Márcio M. , Souza Sérgio L.S. , Palioto Daniela B. , Taba Mário , Novaes Arthur B. 
Published: September 2005

Background: Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a group of hereditary conditions that primarily involves the defective formation and/or calcification of enamel. The association of AI with gingival enlargement‐like lesions has also been reported.Methods: This paper reports a case of a hypoplastic AI associated with unusual generalized gingival hyperplasia.Results: Histological aspect of the gingival growth was characterized by a dense connective tissue with a mild mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate, calcified bodies, and islands of odontogenic epithelium.Conclusion: The present case represents a very interesting demonstration of the fact that, although rare, AI may be associated with generalized gingival enlargement. J Periodontol 2005;76:1563‐1566.
Boundary Strengthening over Five Length Scales
Authors: Hansen N. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe strengthening effect of grain boundaries and dislocation boundaries is a traditional metallurgical theme, which at the present time is being revived. The reason is the scientific and industrial interest in strength obtained through a structural refinement. Such a refinement is found in nanocrystalline metals subdivided by grain boundaries and in heavily deformed metals subdivided by a mixture of dislocation boundaries and high angle boundaries. The structural dimension of these materials covers a scale form the nanometre range to the hundreds micrometers level i.e. five length scales. Consequently, a multiscale analysis has been applied to the relationship between strength and the boundary parameters. As an example this analysis suggests that the yield stress/grain size relationship follows the Hall‐Petch relationship down to a grain size of about 15–20 nm showing large potential for strengthening of a metal through a structural refinement.
A novel AβPP mutation exclusively associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Authors: Obici Laura , Demarchi Andrea , de Rosa Giulia , Bellotti Vittorio , Marciano Sabrina , Donadei Simona , Arbustini Eloisa , Palladini Giovanni , Diegoli Marta , Genovese Egidio , Ferrari Giancarlo , Coverlizza Sergio , Merlini Giampaolo 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMutations in AβPP cause deposition of Aβ amyloid fibrils in brain parenchyma and cerebral vessels, resulting in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and/or cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). We report a novel mutation (L705V) within the Aβ sequence of AβPP in a family with autosomal dominant, recurrent intracerebral hemorrhages. Pathological examination disclosed severe CAA, without parenchymal amyloid plaques or neurofibrillary tangles. This variant highlights the vascular tropism of mutated Aβ, resulting in CAA instead of the pathological hallmarks of AD. Ann Neurol 2005;58:639‐644
White matter lesion progression, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline: The Austrian stroke prevention study
Authors: Schmidt Reinhold , Ropele Stefan , Enzinger Christian , Petrovic Katja , Smith Stephen , Schmidt Helena , Matthews Paul M. , Fazekas Franz 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWhite matter lesions progress over time, but the clinical consequences are widely unknown. Three‐hundred twenty‐nine elderly community‐dwelling volunteers underwent serial magnetic resonance imaging scanning and cognitive testing at baseline and at 3‐ and 6‐year follow‐up. We measured the changes in white matter lesion and brain parenchymal volumes. After 6 years, the median increase in white matter lesion load was 0.2cm3 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.0–0.80cm3) with a maximum of 31.4cm3. The median loss of brain volume was 2.3% (IQR, 1.13–3.58%). Increasing white matter lesion volume was correlated with loss of brain volume (p < 0.0001) and performance decline in tests of memory (p = 0.022), conceptualization (p = 0.046), and visuopractical skills (p = 0.005). Associations between changes in white matter lesion load and cognitive functioning were no longer significant when adding change in brain volume to the models, suggesting that cognitive decline related directly to loss of brain substance with progression of lesion burden. Ann Neurol 2005;58:610–616
Design of interactive and dynamic anatomical visualizations: The implication of cognitive load theory
Authors: Khalil Mohammed K. , Paas Fred , Johnson Tristan E. , Payer Andrew F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn improving the teaching and learning of anatomical sciences, empirical research is needed to develop a set of guiding principles that facilitate the design and development of effective dynamic visualizations. Based on cognitive load theory (CLT), effective learning from dynamic visualizations requires the alignment of instructional conditions with the cognitive architecture of learners and their levels of expertise. By improving the effectiveness and efficiency of dynamic visualizations, students will be able to be more successful in retaining visual information that mediates their understanding of complex and difficult aspects of anatomy. This theoretical paper presents instructional strategies generated by CLT and provides examples of some instructional implications of CLT on the design of dynamic visualizations for teaching and learning of anatomy. Anat Rec (Part B: New Anat) 286B:15–20, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physically based morphing of point‐sampled surfaces
Authors: Bao Yunfan , Guo Xiaohu , Qin Hong 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper presents an innovative method for naturally and smoothly morphing point‐sampled surfaces via dynamic meshless simulation on point‐sampled surfaces. While most existing literature on shape morphing emphasizes the issue of finding a good correspondence map between two object representations, this research primarily investigates the challenging problem of how to find a smooth, physically‐meaningful transition path between two homeomorphic point‐set surfaces. We analyze the deformation of surface involved in the morphing process using concepts in differential geometry and continuum mechanics. The morphing paths can be determined by optimizing an energy functional, which characterizes the intrinsic deformation of the surface away from its rest shape. As demonstrated in the examples, our method automatically produces a series of natural and physically‐plausible in‐between shapes, which greatly alleviates the shrinking, stretching, and self‐intersection problems that often occur when linear interpolation is employed for the morphing of two objects. We envision that our new technique will continue to broaden the application scope of point‐set surfaces and their dynamic animation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.