bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid biomarkers reveal trophic relationships and energetic trade‐offs in contrasting phenotypes of the cold‐water coral Desmophyllum dianthus in Comau Fjord, Chile
Authors: Wall Marlene , Beck Kristina K. , Garcia‐Herrera Nur , Schmidt‐Grieb Gertraud M. , Laudien Jürgen , Höfer Juan , Försterra Günter , Held Christoph , Nehrke Gernot , Espinoza Juan Pablo , Woll Matthias , Graeve Martin , Richter Claudio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Benthic suspension feeders like corals and sponges are important bioengineers in many marine habitats, from the shallow tropics to the depth of polar oceans. While they are generally considered opportunistic, little is known about their actual in situ diet. To tackle this limitation, fatty acid trophic markers (FATMs) have been employed to gain insights into the composition of their diet. Yet, these in situ studies have not been combined with physiological investigations to understand how physiological limitations may modulate the biochemistry of these organisms.

Here, we used the cold‐water coral (CWC) Desmophyllum dianthus in its natural habitat in Comau Fjord (Northern Patagonia, Chile) as our model species to assess the trophic ecology in response to contrasting physico‐chemical conditions (variable vs. stable) and ecological drivers (food availability) at three shallow sites and one deep site. We took advantage of the expression of two distinct phenotypes with contrasting performance (growth, biomass, respiration) coinciding with the differences in sampling depth. We analysed the corals' fatty acid composition to evaluate the utility of FATM profiles to gain dietary insights and assess how performance trade‐offs potentially modulate an organism's FATM composition.

We found that 20:1(n‐9) zooplankton markers dominated the deep high‐performance phenotype, while 20:5(n‐3) and 22:6(n‐3) diatom and flagellate markers, respectively, are more prominent in shallow low‐performance phenotype. Surprisingly, both energy stores and performance were higher in the deep phenotype, in spite of measured lower zooplankton availability.

Essential FA concentrations were conserved across sites, likely reflecting required levels for coral functioning and survival. While the deep high‐performance phenotype met with these requirements, the low‐performance phenotype appeared to need more energy to maintain functionality in its highly variable environment, potentially causing intrinsic re‐allocations of energy and enrichment in certain essential markers (20:5(n‐3), 22:6(n‐3)).

Our analysis highlights the biological and ecological insights that can be gained from FATM profiles in CWCs, but also cautions the reliability of FATM as diet tracers under limiting environmental conditions that may also be applicable to other marine organisms.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Stochastic inversion of time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography data by means of an adaptive ensemble‐based approach
Authors: Vinciguerra Alessandro , Aleardi Mattia , Madsen Line Meldgaard , Bording Thue Sylvester , Christiansen Anders Vest , Stucchi Eusebio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInversion of time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography is an extension of the conventional electrical resistivity tomography inversion that aims to reconstruct resistivity variations in time. This method is widely used in monitoring subsurface processes such as groundwater evolution. The inverse problem is usually solved through deterministic algorithms, which usually guarantee a fast solution convergence. However, the electrical resistivity tomography inverse problem is ill‐posed and non‐linear, and it could exist more than one resistivity model that explains the observed data. This paper explores a Bayesian approach based on data assimilation, the ensemble smoother multiple data assimilation. In particular, we apply an adaptive approach in which the inflation coefficient is chosen based on the error function, that is the ensemble smoother multiple data assimilation restricted step. Our inversion approach aims to invert the data acquired at two different times simultaneously, estimating the resistivity model and its variation. In addition, the Bayesian approach allows for the assessment of the posterior probability density function needed for quantifying the uncertainties associated with the results. To test the method, we first apply the algorithm to synthetic data generated from realistic resistivity models; then, we invert field data from the Pillemark landfill monitoring station (Samsø, Denmark). Inversion results show that the ensemble smoother multiple data assimilation restricted step can correctly detect the resistivity variation both in the synthetic and in the field case, with an affordable computational burden. In addition, assessing the uncertainties allows us to interpret the reconstructed resistivity model correctly. This paper demonstrates the potential of the data assimilation approach in Bayesian time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography inversion.
Planting exceptional tropical tree species to increase long‐term carbon storage in assisted secondary succession
Authors: Sugiyama Anna , Game Edward T. , Wright S. Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

With rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, strategies for greater carbon sequestration and long‐term storage are urgently needed. Current reforestation schemes typically use fast‐growing tree species with low wood density, limiting the amount of carbon stored. In most tropical forests, there are native species with relatively fast growth rates, high wood density and low mortality rates that also achieve large adult size—‘exceptional species’.

We present a simulated assessment of the carbon sequestration potential using these exceptional species in assisted secondary succession in the Neotropics.

In our example, the selected exceptional species could add up to 16.2 Mg C/ha of sequestered carbon in secondary wet forests at maturity.

Synthesis and applications. By increasing the representation of exceptional species in reforestation efforts, we could potentially boost long‐term carbon storage in reforestation projects focussed on carbon sequestration. However, our approach is not a substitute for protecting existing old primary forests and reforested lands plus reducing deforestation and emissions.
The experiences of older adults with cognitive impairment in using falls prevention alarms in hospital: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Stephen Kelly , Campbell Alison 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionBed and chair sensor alarms are commonly used for falls prevention in hospitals, despite questionable efficacy. Research analysing older adults' experiences of alarms is scarce, and adults with cognitive impairment are consistently excluded.AimThe aim of this study was to explore how older adults with cognitive impairment perceive and experience falls prevention alarms in hospital.MethodA qualitative descriptive design investigated older adults' experiences of alarms in a Geriatric Evaluation and Management ward in Melbourne. Patients were included if they had been provided an alarm. Semi‐structured interviews were the primary method of data collection with two observation sessions and medical record analyses completed to enable triangulation of findings. Data were subjected to thematic analysis, and the Person‐Environment‐Occupation framework was chosen to add insight into the complexities of older adults' experiences of alarms.FindingsAll 11 participants had a level of cognitive impairment with delirium, confusion, or impulsiveness recorded in their medical file. Two overarching themes were identified: communication and collaboration with staff and rationalisation of alarm use. Participants' perceived staff were focussed on falls prevention but experienced a lack of communication about the purpose of alarms. Participants wanted an individualised approach to alarms. Some were comforted with the thought of alarms alerting staff, making them feel well cared for and believed alarms were a useful ‘back‐up’. Others found alarms uncomfortable, frustrating, and restricting. Application of the Person‐Environment‐Occupation framework provided insight into how enabling and restrictive factors can impact whether the alarm is experienced positively or negatively. Seven unwitnessed falls occurred during the participants' admissions. Thirty‐four per cent of alarm triggers observed were considered false alerts.ConclusionOlder adults commonly reported negative experiences using bed/chair sensor alarms. Occupational therapists have the training to collaborate with people with cognitive impairment and assess the usefulness of alarms in reducing falls, based on how they interact with the older adult's unique person, environment, and occupation domains.
Stillbirths: Contribution of preterm birth and size‐for‐gestational age for 125.4 million total births from nationwide records in 13 countries, 2000–2020
Authors: Okwaraji Yemisrach B. , Suárez‐Idueta Lorena , Ohuma Eric O. , Bradley Ellen , Yargawa Judith , Pingray Veronica , Cormick Gabriela , Gordon Adrienne , Flenady Vicki , Horváth‐Puhó Erzsébet , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Sakkeus Luule , Abuladze Liili , Heidarzadeh Mohammed , Khalili Narjes , Yunis Khalid A. , Al Bizri Ayah , Karalasingam Shamala D. , Jeganathan Ravichandran , Barranco Arturo , van Dijk Aimée E. , Broeders Lisa , Alyafei Fawzya , AlQubaisi Mai , Razaz Neda , Söderling Jonas , Smith Lucy K. , Matthews Ruth J. , Wood Rachael , Monteath Kirsten , Pereyra Isabel , Pravia Gabriella , Lisonkova Sarka , Wen Qi , Lawn Joy E. , Blencowe Hannah ,   the National Vulnerable Newborn Collaborative Group for Stillbirths
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the contribution of preterm birth and size‐for‐gestational age in stillbirths using six ‘newborn types’.DesignPopulation‐based multi‐country analyses.SettingBirths collected through routine data systems in 13 countries.Sample125 419 255 total births from 22+0 to 44+6 weeks’ gestation identified from 2000 to 2020.MethodsWe included 635 107 stillbirths from 22+0 weeks’ gestation from 13 countries. We classified all births, including stillbirths, into six ‘newborn types’ based on gestational age information (preterm, PT, <37+0 weeks versus term, T, ≥37+0 weeks) and size‐for‐gestational age defined as small (SGA, <10th centile), appropriate (AGA, 10th–90th centiles) or large (LGA, >90th centile) for gestational age, according to the international newborn size for gestational age and sex INTERGROWTH‐21st standards.Main outcome measuresDistribution of stillbirths, stillbirth rates and rate ratios according to six newborn types.Results635 107 (0.5%) of the 125 419 255 total births resulted in stillbirth after 22+0 weeks. Most stillbirths (74.3%) were preterm. Around 21.2% were SGA types (PT + SGA [16.2%], PT + AGA [48.3%], T + SGA [5.0%]) and 14.1% were LGA types (PT + LGA [9.9%], T + LGA [4.2%]). The median rate ratio (RR) for stillbirth was highest in PT + SGA babies (RR 81.1, interquartile range [IQR], 68.8–118.8) followed by PT + AGA (RR 25.0, IQR, 20.0–34.3), PT + LGA (RR 25.9, IQR, 13.8–28.7) and T + SGA (RR 5.6, IQR, 5.1–6.0) compared with T + AGA. Stillbirth rate ratios were similar for T + LGA versus T + AGA (RR 0.7, IQR, 0.7–1.1). At the population level, 25% of stillbirths were attributable to small‐for‐gestational‐age.ConclusionsIn these high‐quality data from high/middle income countries, almost three‐quarters of stillbirths were born preterm and a fifth small‐for‐gestational age, with the highest stillbirth rates associated with the coexistence of preterm and SGA. Further analyses are needed to better understand patterns of gestation‐specific risk in these populations, as well as patterns in lower‐income contexts, especially those with higher rates of intrapartum stillbirth and SGA.
Two‐stage minimally invasive pulmonary resections with intraoperative localization technique for bilateral multiple primary lung cancers: A case report
Authors: Huang Chuan , Tong Hong‐Feng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMultiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs) are becoming more and more common and these patients can benefit from minimally invasive surgery. Here, we report a case of a patient diagnosed with synchronous MPLCs who underwent bilateral thoracoscopic pulmonary resections in a two‐stage strategy, and achieved a good surgical outcome and high quality of life. A 66‐year‐old female was found to have one major ground‐glass nodule (GGN) in the right upper lobe and eight minor GGNs in the left upper and lower lobes. The patient underwent right upper lobe resection and systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection via single‐utility port thoracoscopic surgery in September 2018. Pathology was lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma pT1bN0M0, IA2. Regular high‐resolution computed tomography examination during 36 months after right upper lobectomy showed gradually increasing diameter and solid component of multiple GGNs in left lung. The patient underwent thoracoscopic multiple pulmonary resections using an intraoperative localization technique in a hybrid operating room in October 2021 and all eight nodules in the left lung were resected. Two segmentectomies and four wedge resections were performed, and the pathological results of the eight nodules included four adenocarcinomas, three adenocarcinomas in situ, and one alveolar epithelial hyperplasia. The two operations were successful with no intra‐ or postoperative 90‐day complications. During more than 20 months of follow‐up after the second operation, the patient had well recovered pulmonary function and physical status with a Karnofsky performance status score of 90 and no local recurrence or metastasis. A two‐stage surgical strategy for synchronous MPLCs is therefore feasible. The surgical strategy, timing of intervention, and extent of pulmonary resection should be individually designed according to the location and characteristics of each nodule. Intraoperative localization of small GGNs is very important to ensure that all nodules are completely and accurately resected during the operation.
Endothelial cell‐specific reduction in mTOR ameliorates age‐related arterial and metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Islam Md Torikul , Hall Shelby A. , Dutson Tavia , Bloom Samuel I. , Bramwell R. Colton , Kim John , Tucker Jordan R. , Machin Daniel R. , Donato Anthony J. , Lesniewski Lisa A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSystemic inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) delays aging and many age‐related conditions including arterial and metabolic dysfunction. However, the mechanisms and tissues involved in these beneficial effects remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that activation of S6K, a downstream target of mTOR, is increased in arteries with advancing age, and that this occurs preferentially in the endothelium compared with the vascular smooth muscle. Induced endothelial cell‐specific deletion of mTOR reduced protein expression by 60–70%. Although this did not significantly alter arterial and metabolic function in young mice, endothelial mTOR reduction reversed arterial stiffening and improved endothelium‐dependent dilation (EDD) in old mice, indicating an improvement in age‐related arterial dysfunction. Improvement in arterial function in old mice was concomitant with reductions in arterial cellular senescence, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The reduction in endothelial mTOR also improved glucose tolerance in old mice, and this was associated with attenuated hepatic gluconeogenesis and improved lipid tolerance, but was independent of alterations in peripheral insulin sensitivity, pancreatic beta cell function, or fasted plasma lipids in old mice. Lastly, we found that endothelial mTOR reduction suppressed gene expression of senescence and inflammatory markers in endothelial‐rich (i.e., lung) and metabolically active organs (i.e., liver and adipose tissue), which may have contributed to the improvement in metabolic function in old mice. This is the first evidence demonstrating that reducing endothelial mTOR in old age improves arterial and metabolic function. These findings have implications for future drug development.
Expression analysis of NF1‐mutated alleles in a rare compound heterozygous spinal NF1 patient by digital PCR
Authors: Bettinaglio Paola , Tritto Viviana , Paterra Rosina , Eoli Marica , Riva Paola 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroudNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a heterogeneous neurocutaneous disorder. Spinal neurofibromatosis (SNF) is a distinct clinical entity of NF1, characterized by bilateral neurofibromas involving all spinal nerve roots. Although both forms are caused by intragenic heterozygous variants of NF1, missense variants have been associated with SNF, according to a dominant inheritance model causing haploinsufficiency. Most patients carry pathogenic variants in one of the NF1 alleles; nevertheless, patients with both NF1‐mutated copies have been described. Interestingly, all NF1 variants carried by the known SNF compound heterozygotes were missense/splicing variants or in‐frame insertion‐deletions.AimsTo investigate whether there is a differential expression of NF1 variant alleles in an NF1 compound heterozygous SNF patient possibly contributing to clinical phenotype.Materials & methodsWe performed an allele‐specific expression study, by chip‐based digital PCR, in an SNF family carrying two NF1 missense variants. We evaluated the expression levels of the two NF1‐mutated alleles both carried by the compound heterozygous SNF patient and his relatives.ResultsBoth alleles were expressed at comparable levels in the patient and hyper‐expressed compared to the wild‐type alleles of healthy controls.DiscussionHere we provide new insights into expression studies of NF1‐mutated transcripts suggesting that a novel pathogenetic mechanism, caused by gain‐of‐function variants, could be associated with SNF.ConclusionsFurther studies should be performed in larger cohorts, opening new perspectives in the NF1 pathogenesis comprehension.
Proteomics analysis identifies the ribosome associated coiled‐coil domain‐containing protein‐124 as a novel interaction partner of nucleophosmin‐1
Authors: Çakırca Gamze , Öztürk Merve Tuzlakoğlu , Telkoparan‐Akillilar Pelin , Güllülü Ömer , Çetinkaya Agit , Tazebay Uygar Halis 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground InformationCoiled‐coil domain‐containing protein‐124 (Ccdc124) is a conserved eukaryotic ribosome‐associated RNA‐binding protein which is involved in resuming ribosome activity after stress‐related translational shutdown. Ccdc124 protein is also detected at cellular localizations devoid of ribosomes, such as the centrosome, or the cytokinetic midbody, but its translation‐independent cellular function is currently unknown.ResultsBy using an unbiased LC‐MS/MS‐based proteomics approach in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells, we identified novel Ccdc124 partners and mapped the cellular organization of interacting proteins, a subset of which are known to be involved in nucleoli biogenesis and function. We then identified a novel interaction between the cancer‐associated multifunctional nucleolar marker nucleophosmin (Npm1) and Ccdc124, and we characterized this interaction both in HEK293 (human embryonic kidney) and U2OS (osteosarcoma) cells. As expected, in both types of cells, Npm1 and Ccdc124 proteins colocalized within the nucleolus when assayed by immunocytochemical methods, or by monitoring the localization of green fluorescent protein‐tagged Ccdc124.ConclusionsThe nucleolar localization of Ccdc124 was impaired when Npm1 translocates from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm in response to treatment with the DNA‐intercalator and Topo2 inhibitor chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. Npm1 is critically involved in maintaining genomic stability by mediating various DNA‐repair pathways, and over‐expression of Npm1 or specific NPM1 mutations have been previously associated with proliferative diseases, such as acute myelogenous leukemia, anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma, and solid cancers originating from different tissues.SignificanceIdentification of Ccdc124 as a novel interaction partner of Nmp1 within the frame of molecular mechanisms involving nucleolar stress‐sensing and DNA‐damage response is expected to provide novel insights into the biology of cancers associated with aberrations in NPM1.
Deliberating with purpose: Deliberative civic engagement for health policy
Authors: Massie Joanna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article seeks to understand why deliberative civic engagement is chosen as a method of engagement by policymakers, using two jurisdictions as exploratory cases: the Nova Scotia Health Authority's Community Conversations about Collaborative Family Practice Teams and Algoma Ontario Health Team's Citizen Reference Panel on Integrated Care. The purpose is to interrogate a presumption that deliberative civic engagement is choice driven by an alignment between the goals of engagement and theories of deliberation. I find that in both instances, policymakers chose deliberative civic engagement largely because of situational factors, rather than through the theoretical claims of different methods of engagement and the goals of the engagement activity. I argue that for practitioners seeking to embed deliberative processes, greater consideration should be given to the contextual factors that enable or inhibit the commissioning of such activities.
Prescription of antibiotic prophylaxis in implant placement among Portuguese dentists: A web survey
Authors: Correia F. , Ribeiro‐Vidal H. , Gouveia S. , Faria Almeida R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to assess whether antibiotic prophylaxis for dental implant placement is commonly used by dentists in Portugal.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional survey study was based on a web survey with 22 questions divided into 5 parts. The 1st part focused on demographic details, work experience, and academic expertise, whereas the 2nd and 3rd parts were about the pre‐ and postoperative antibiotic prescriptions. The 4th and 5th parts focused on dentists' motivation for using/avoiding antibiotic prophylaxis and the use of a protocol, respectively. Data interpretation included descriptive analysis and statistical inference via cross‐tabling with chi‐square adjusted standardised for residual effects.ResultsOf the 204 valid surveys, at least one was received from every large Portuguese city which ensured the national coverage of the survey. Most respondents are not specialist dentists (72%). Sixty‐four percent of the respondents always use antibiotic prophylaxis, while 29% adopt it only when grafting materials are employed. Most respondents use both pre‐ and postoperative regimens (55%). Amoxicillin 875 mg + clavulanic acid 125 mg is the most prescribed antibiotic (57%). Finally, the risk reduction of postoperative infection is the most frequent justification for the use of antibiotic prophylaxis (60%).ConclusionsThe results highlight that most of the respondents do not follow the consensual international guidelines for prophylactic antibiotherapy in dental implant placement surgeries. This finding should serve as a rationale to increase the dissemination of those guidelines.