bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired Omnidirectional Interface Engineered Flexible Island for Highly Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Gul Osman , Song Myoung , Gu Chang‐Yeon , Ahn Jihyeon , Lee Kichul , Kim Taek‐Soo , Ahn Junseong , Kim Hye Jin , Park Inkyu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWith the advancement of electronics, there is a growing need to effectively combine rigid, flexible, and stretchable materials to build hybrid electronics. However, the interfacial transition between rigid/flexible and stretchable substrates presents considerable challenges, mainly due to differences in elastic moduli, complicating their integration for practical usage. Here, bioinspired omnidirectional interfacial‐engineered flexible islands (BOIEFI) are introduced for a robust transition from flexible to stretchable substrates. These BOIEFIs enable the creation of highly stretchable and durable hybrid substrates capable of withstanding diverse physical deformations such as stretching, twisting, and even poking. Inspired by plant roots, BOIEFIs are designed with primary and secondary root structures that provide flexible mechanical interlocking between substrates with different elastic moduli. Through experimental and computational methods, optimized BOIEFIs exhibit significantly enhanced stretchability and improved fatigue life. To demonstrate the broad applicability, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are integrated into BOIEFIs to establish a stretchable display. In addition, a human‐machine interface device with soft pressure sensors and an LED array is fabricated for the implementation of hybrid electronics. This approach facilitates the harmonious integration of rigid, flexible, and stretchable substrates, leading to the creation of soft, highly stretchable, and durable hybrid electronics.
Synchronous Regulation of Charge Transfer and Defects in Perovskite Nanocomposite Films for Enhanced Sensitivity and Stability in Monolithically Integrated X‐Ray Imaging Arrays
Authors: Liu Hui , Li Yuyang , Ding Li , Wang Lixiang , Lai Weien , Yang Deren , Fang Yanjun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPerovskites nanocrystals (PNCs) have garnered significant research interest in X‐ray detection due to their strong X‐ray absorption capability, and unique advantages in large area and thick film deposition that result from the decoupling of perovskite crystallization from film formation. However, traditional long‐chain ligands used in PNCs, such as oleic acid and oleyl amine, suffer from poor conductivity and susceptibility to detachment, which limits the performance of X‐ray detectors based on them. In this study, a strategy is proposed to partially replace long‐chain ligands with short‐chain counterparts like phenethylammoniumbromide (PEABr) and CF3PEABr, during the synthesis of CsPbBr3 PNCs. This approach leads to a lower defect density, enhanced carrier transport, and suppressed ion migration simultaneously in the resulting PNCs. These PNCs are then combined with organic bulk heterojunction to construct the nanocomposite X‐ray detectors, which exhibit an impressive sensitivity of 10787 µC Gyair⁻¹ cm⁻2 and stable dark current baseline under a large electric field of ≈17 000 V cm−1. Finally, a flat panel X‐ray imaging sensor is prepared by monolithically integrating the nanocomposite film with a thin‐film transistor backplane, enabling high‐resolution and real‐time X‐ray imaging. The image quality is further enhanced through a super‐resolution reconstruction approach, effectively facilitating a wide range of practical applications in real‐world scenarios.
Highly Reversible Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries via Multifunctional Hydrogen‐Bond‐Rich Dulcitol at Lower Temperature
Authors: He Ya , Chen Zhuo , Feng Junrun , Wang Jian , Zhang Lun , Gu Hao , Sheng Lin , Yao Pengfei , Wang Feng Ryan , Hao Zhangxiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered one of the most promising next‐generation energy storage devices due to cost‐effectiveness and high safety. However, the uncontrolled dendrite growth and the intolerance against low temperatures hinder the application of AZIBs. Herein, hydrogen‐bonding‐rich dulcitol (DOL) is introduced into the ZnSO4, which reshaped the hydrogen‐bond network in the electrolyte and optimized the solvation sheath structure, effectively reducing the amount of active water molecules and inhibiting hydrogen evolution and the parasitic reaction at the zinc anode. In addition, higher adsorption energy DOL preferentially adsorbs on the surface of the zinc anode, guiding the uniform deposition of Zn2+ and inhibiting the formation of dendrites. DOL also enhances the interaction between free and free water and improves the resistance to freeze of the electrolyte. Consequently, the Zn//Zn symmetric cells assembled with DOL are extremely stable cycled for 2000 h at 2 mA cm−2. The NH4V4O10 (NVO)//Zn full cell showed more excellent specific capacity of 183.07 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles. Even at the low temperature of −10 °C, the cell still maintains 155.95 mAh g−1 capacity after 600 cycles. This work provides a new strategy for the subsequent study of AZIBs with high stability at low temperatures.
Self‐Assembled Charge Bridge Path at the Sn‐Pb Perovskite/C60 Interface for High‐Efficiency All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Shu Yuting , Xie Jiankai , Cao Jiupeng , Yan Wenjian , Jin Xiaonan , Han Lingui , Duan Jibiao , Hu Meizhu , Sui Shunan , Zhang Huihui , Wang Fangfang , Dong Jingjin , Wang Aifei , Huang Wei , Qin Tianshi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNarrow bandgap mixed tin‐lead perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered substantial research interest owing to their remarkable optoelectronic properties. However, non‐radiative recombination and carrier transport losses at the interface between the perovskite layer and the charge transport layer (C60) significantly reduce the overall efficiency of mixed tin‐lead PSCs. To address this challenge, 9‐Fluorenylmethyl carbazate (9FC) is incorporated at the interface between perovskite and C60. The hydrazide group present in 9FC effectively mitigates the oxidation of Sn2+. Furthermore, 9FC can engage in chemical bonding with the perovskite, while the outward‐facing aromatic rings create effective π–π interactions with C60, thereby promoting enhanced interfacial charge transfer. The highest‐performing mixed tin‐lead PSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.97%, accompanied by an impressive open‐circuit voltage of 0.91 V. Additionally, these tin‐lead PSCs facilitate the development of highly efficient two‐terminal and four‐terminal all‐perovskite tandem solar cells, which demonstrate efficiencies of 27.01% and 28.07%, respectively.
Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Galactomannan From Algerian Carob Seeds
Authors: Azzegagh Assia , Ihamouchen Chadia , Imadalou‐Idres Nacéra , Touati Souad , Djidjeli Hocine 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is the extraction, purification, and characterization of a locust bean gum (LBG) biopolymer extracted from the endosperm of Algerian locust bean seeds using the hot water extraction method. Once the seeds were swollen, the endosperm was separated, dried and finally ground, sieved, and purified. The physicochemical, structural, rheological, thermal, and morphological properties, as well as antimicrobial activity of purified locust bean gum (pLBG), were studied. After purification, the resulting LBG powder was white, smooth, light, odorless, and tasteless, with a yield of around 23.17%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of the gum confirms galactomannan structure, attesting to successful extraction, while x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed an amorphous structure and good thermal stability, respectively. Gum morphology examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a porous, fibrous structure. The antimicrobial activity of pure LBG demonstrated a significant effect on all pathogenic bacteria tested. After 24 h, baseline cultures (106 CFU/mL) were reduced by 51% for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 39% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 36% for Klebsiella pneumoniae. In addition, carob galactomannan had a more pronounced effect on the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, whose growth was reduced by 75.5%. Pure LBG has shown promising potential as an antibacterial agent, so it can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Research on Authenticity Identification and Physicochemical Properties of Various Commercially Available Lotus Rhizome Starch
Authors: He Yan , Ma Jiaqing , Chen Xianqiang , Li Jie , Yan Shoulei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLotus rhizome starch (LRS) is rich in nutrients and high price, yet the yield of LRS is relatively low compared with other source starch. Thus, unscrupulous merchants often adulterate LRS with other inexpensive starches, like potato starch. This study identified the authenticity of 10 commercially available LRS samples using optical microscopy and studied their physicochemical properties, including retrogradation and gelatinization properties. The results showed that there were three kinds of genuine LRS in samples, and the amylose content in adulterated LRS samples was higher than that in pure LRS, indicating that the amylose content of the starches used for adulteration was higher than that of LRS. Adulterated LRS were more prone to retrograde, exhibited a higher the proportion of sedimentation volume than genuine LRS. Besides, adulterated LRS had a higher gelatinization temperature and poorer freeze‐thaw stability compared to pure LRS. In summary, there were significant differences in quality between adulterated LRS products and pure LRS available on the market. These performance differences can explore the impact of the incorporation of other starches on the physicochemical properties and edibility of genuine LRS, and provide certain reference value for LRS adulteration detection technology and sustainable development of LRS industry.
Resolution of third‐degree atrioventricular block after antibiotic therapy in a dog (Canis lupus familiaris) with urinary tract infection
Authors: Ryave Jacob , Gunasekaran Tamilselvam , Sanders Robert A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA 15‐year‐old, spayed, female Boxer dog presented to an emergency facility for collapsing episodes. Third‐degree atrioventricular block that was non‐responsive to atropine was diagnosed on electrocardiography. Initial diagnostics revealed a concurrent urinary tract infection and renal azotaemia. The patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics in hospital, with a temporary transvenous pacemaker in place to provide chronotropic support. During hospitalisation, the patient's rhythm converted to normal sinus rhythm, and permanent pacemaker implantation was not pursued. Follow‐up 11 days after discharge revealed resolution of the urinary tract infection and azotaemia and persistence of normal sinus rhythm. Holter evaluation at 1 month revealed normal sinus rhythm with few intermittent ventricular premature complexes. This report discusses possible causes of reversible third‐degree atrioventricular block and highlights other disease processes to consider when evaluating patients with atrioventricular block.
Birthweight and risk of chronic kidney disease after a type 2 diabetes diagnosis in the DD2 cohort
Authors: Hansen Aleksander L. , Christiansen Christian F. , Brøns Charlotte , Engelhard Leonie M. , Hansen Torben , Nielsen Jens S. , Vestergaard Peter , Højlund Kurt , Jessen Niels , Olsen Michael H. , Sørensen Henrik T. , Rossing Peter , Thomsen Reimar W. , Vaag Allan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis
Low birthweight (LBW) is associated with younger age, less obesity and more hypertension among people recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, as well as increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk. It is not known whether LBW is associated with an increased risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) among people with a type 2 diabetes diagnosis.

Methods
Original midwife records were retrieved for 5982 participants with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Danish Center for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2) cohort between 2010 and 2024. They were followed until first incident CKD diagnosis, defined as either two eGFR measurements <60 ml/min per 1.73m2 or two urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) measurements >3 mg/mmol, each 90–365 days apart. Confounder-standardised 10 year risks of CKD were estimated, with death considered as a competing risk. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for CKD were computed using Cox and spline regression analyses. All analyses were controlled for differences in sex, age at enrolment, calendar year at birth, family history of diabetes and born-at-term status. Mixed-effects models were used to examine the trajectories of eGFR and UACR following enrolment.

Results
A total of 1501 incident CKD endpoints occurred, corresponding to an incidence rate of 42.4 per 1000 person-years over a median follow-up time of 8.3 years. Spline models with birthweight as a continuous measure showed progressively increasing aHRs for CKD with decreasing birthweight. The 10-year standardised risk of CKD was 36.0% in people with LBW (<2500 g) and 30.6% in people with a normal birthweight (2500–4000 g), yielding a risk difference (RD) of 5.5% (95% CI −0.5%, 11.8%) and an aHR of 1.23 (95% CI 0.98, 1.55). People with type 2 diabetes and high birthweight (>4000 g) had a similar 10-year standardised CKD risk compared with normal birthweight (33.1% and 30.6%, respectively). This yielded an RD of 2.5% (95% CI −1.6%, 6.7%) and an aHR of 1.10 (95% CI 0.93, 1.29). In mixed-effects models examining eGFR and UACR trajectories, each 1 kg decrease in birthweight was associated with a 6.6% (95% CI 1.9, 11.1) increase in UACR, whereas no association was found for eGFR.

Conclusions/interpretation
A history of LBW was associated with elevated risk of CKD among people with a recent type 2 diabetes diagnosis, although the precision of risk estimates was limited.

Graphical Abstract
The private sector is hoarding AI researchers: what implications for science?
Authors: Jurowetzki Roman , Hain Daniel S. , Wirtz Kevin , Bianchini Stefano 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The migration of artificial intelligence (AI) researchers from academia to industry has recently sparked concerns about its implications for scientific progress. Can academia retain enough talent to shape AI advancements and counterbalance the growing influence of corporate AI labs? Analyzing OpenAlex data, we find a significant transition of premier talent to industry roles over the past decade, particularly to major tech firms. Young, highly cited scholars from leading institutions are the most likely to make this move. Following the transition, their research tends to show reduced novelty and impact. This industry-dominant shift in AI research highlights worries of an “AI brain drain”, the sidelining of exploratory science for commercial interests, and the potential misalignment with societal goals.
The growth and development of Nordic regional science research 1982–2022: bibliometric evidence from thirteen regional science journals
Authors: Karlsson Charlie , Hammarsssfelt Björn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In a paper published in 2020, Philip McCann gives a qualitative overview of “the Nordic contribution to regional science”, which, however, only includes contributions by Swedish regional science researchers. The purpose of this paper is to complement McCann’s overview by highlighting Nordic contributions to regional science in the period 1983–2022 through a bibliometric analysis of publications in a set of thirteen regional science journals indexed in Web of Science, using several standard bibliometric tools. Our most interesting and surprising result is that the number of “Nordic” publications in the chosen set of journals has grown more than six times faster than the total number of publications in these journals between 1983–1992 and 2013–2022. This implies that the “Nordic” regional science researchers have increased their “market share” from 1.9 to 9.1 per cent. During the same period, the share of co-authored papers increased from 50.0 to 82.9 per cent and the share of international co-authorships increased from 0 to 50.0 per cent and went from being a mainly intra-European activity to a global activity. This process is also reflected in a certain international influence on the research topics during the four periods analysed, but to a considerable extent it seems that the Nordic regional scientists have pursued their own Nordic research themes. In terms of individual research productivity, there was the expected skewed distribution with a small number of researchers with a large research output. At the institutional level, there were notable changes in the ranking of institutions in terms of number of authorships, but one institution—Umeå University—ranked among the Nordic top-2 in all four periods.
Dual microelectromembrane extraction as a tunable platform for the determination of antioxidant compounds with varied hydrophobicity in oral bioaccessibility assays of food commodities: a proof of concept
Authors: Sahragard Ali , Pagan-Galbarro Carlos , Cocovi-Solberg David J. , Miró Manuel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
An automatic millifluidic dual microelectromembrane extraction (D-µEME) method as a front-end to HPLC-UV-Vis is herein proposed for the first time to facilitate the matrix clean-up of relatively polar polyphenolic acidic (PPA) antioxidants with a relatively broad range of lipophilicity (logP from −0.27 to 2.14) from simulated gastric extracts of oral bioaccessibility tests. The flow setup is amenable to handle microliter volumes of two distinct organic phases along with donor and acceptor phases unsupervised, conduct in-tube D-µEME in parallel without supporting membranes, and mix the two acceptor phases automatically prior to online HPLC-UV-Vis. The target antioxidants involve gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, and trans-cinnamic acid. Various solvents are explored to investigate their compatibility for simultaneous D-µEME, including 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, and 1-nonanol, as well as deep eutectic solvents, e.g., thymol/6-methyl coumarin, and ionic liquids as additives to alcohols. Notably, 1-pentanol and 1-octanol exhibit the best performances in extracting the most polar (gallic acid and chlorogenic acid) and the least polar analytes (trans-cinnamic acid), respectively, notwithstanding both solvents are amenable to retrieve analytes with medium hydrophobicity (4-hydroxybenzoic acid and caffeic acid). The effects of the voltage, the extraction time, and the sample ionic strength on the extraction recoveries are also investigated in detail. Under the selected D-µEME conditions, the overall linear ranges span from 1.25 to 80 mg/L, with limits of detection ranging from 0.2 to 3.3 mg/L. The flow-based D-µEME is resorted to oral bioaccessibility assays in the gastric phase of the target compounds from eggplant, blueberry, and coffee bean extracts, with relative extraction recoveries ranging from 71.5 to 133.5%.

Graphical abstract
Increasing chemical coverage, accuracy, and reproducibility of the processing method for polar organic chemical integrative samplers
Authors: Baglietto Matteo , MacKeown Henry , Benedetti Barbara , Di Carro Marina , Magi Emanuele 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Despite their diffusion in research studies, passive samplers are rarely used in regulatory applications. To expand the employment of passive samplers in regulatory environmental studies, standardized procedures for processing each sampler type should be proposed and accepted, but currently, each study develops its own protocol based on previous knowledge and specific needs. In this work, six identical polar organic chemical integrative samplers in seawater were deployed to understand the importance of the sorbent transfer method prior to the elution step. A common “wet transfer” with ultra-pure water was compared to a less diffused “dry-transfer,” assessing recoveries and matrix effects of 38 target compounds of emerging concern, including polar pesticides, recreational and food-related substances, pharmaceuticals, industrial additives, and ultra-violet (UV) filters. The dry-transfer procedure generally allowed better recoveries, especially for the more polar compounds, without affecting matrix effects (which remained in the range 40–130%). Along with the recovery assessment, the analysis of the non-spiked sorbent extracts revealed traces of many of the targeted emerging contaminants, quantifying perfluorooctanoic acid, UV-filters, carbamazepine, diclofenac, and triclosan. Furthermore, other compounds were found below their limits of quantitation. Ten analytes were detected only in the extracts of the dry-transferred passive samplers, highlighting the importance of applying this protocol, especially when dealing with polar compounds. This refined processing method, therefore, permits a more standardized and reproducible strategy, at the same time enlarging the set of analytes which could be detected and quantified.

Graphical abstract
Phosphonylated tyrosine and cysteine disulfide adducts both generated from immunoglobulin G and human serum albumin indicate exposure to the nerve agent VX in vitro
Authors: Reuter Henrik , Steinritz Dirk , Worek Franz , John Harald 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pronase-catalyzed proteolysis is shown to produce single amino acid adducts of tyrosine (Tyr) and cysteine (Cys) obtained from both human serum albumin (HSA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) after in vitro exposure of plasma to the nerve agent VX. Total plasma as well as isolated HSA and IgG yielded the Tyr residue phosphonylated with the ethyl methylphosphonic acid moiety, Tyr(-EMP). Furthermore, a Cys residue adducted with the diisopropylaminoethane thiol leaving group of the agent bound via a disulfide bridge, Cys(-DPAET), was also obtained from both proteins. Even though Tyr(-EMP) represents an internationally well-accepted biomarker of a VX-like agent its origin from plasma IgG has never been shown before. In addition, this is the first time that Cys(-DPAET) is presented as a biomarker of VX exposure clearly identifying the chemical nature of the V-type nerve agent’s leaving group. Both biomarkers were detected after selective affinity-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) from plasma that yielded highly purified HSA and IgG as documented by sodium dodecyl polyamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Both biomarkers were found in the corresponding protein bands of HSA and IgG each after in-gel proteolysis with pronase. A micro liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization high-resolution tandem-mass spectrometry method (LC-ESI HR-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous detection of Tyr(-EMP) and Cys(-DPAET). The time for proteolysis was optimized for maximum biomarker yield. The method showed excellent selectivity and sensitivity, and the adducted proteins and biomarkers were found to be highly stable during storage. Accordingly, the presented method sheds more light on the molecular toxicology of VX and broadens the spectrum of methods suited for biomedical verification.

Graphical Abstract