bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in glutathione metabolism in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Liu Honglei , Harrell Lindy E. , Shenvi Swapna , Hagen Tory , Liu Rui‐Ming 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe mechanism underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD), an age‐related neurodegenerative disease, is still an area of significant controversy. Oxidative damage of macromolecules has been suggested to play an important role in the development of AD; however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we showed that the concentration of glutathione (GSH), the most abundant intracellular free thiol and an important antioxidant, was decreased in red blood cells from male AD patients compared with age‐ and gender‐matched controls. However, there was no difference in blood GSH concentration between the female patients and female controls. The decrease in GSH content in red blood cells from male AD patients was associated with reduced activities of glutamate cysteine ligase and glutathione synthase, the two enzymes involved in de novo GSH synthesis, with no change in the amount of oxidized glutathione or the activity of glutathione reductase, suggesting that a decreased de novo GSH synthetic capacity is responsible for the decline in GSH content in AD. These results showed for the first time that GSH metabolism was regulated differently in male and female AD patients. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conceptualizing and evaluating career success
Authors: Heslin Peter A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWithin the vast literature on the antecedents of career success, the success criterion has generally been operationalized in a rather deficient manner. Several avenues for improving the conceptualization and measurement of both objective and subjective career success are identified. Paramount among these is the need for greater sensitivity to the criteria that study participants, in different contexts, use to construe and judge their career success. This paper illustrates that contextual and individual factors are likely to be associated with the relative salience of objective and subjective criteria of career success. Drawing on social comparison theory, propositions are also offered about when self‐ and other‐referent success criteria are likely to be most salient. A broader research agenda addresses career success referent choice, organizational interventions, and potential cultural differences. This article maps out how future research can be more sensitive to how people actually do conceptualize and evaluate their own career success. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Playing to win: Biological imperatives, self‐regulation, and trade‐offs in the game of career success
Authors: Nicholson Nigel , de Waal‐Andrews Wendy 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe article applies evolutionary theory to the concept of career success, to argue the primacy of ‘objective’ outcomes, utilities such as status and wealth, and to analyze why the relationship with subjective career success is not stronger. Although there are grounds for expecting subjective evaluations to be sympathetic secondary accompaniments of objective success and failure, there are substantial numbers of paradoxically ‘happy losers’ and ‘unhappy winners’ in the career game. These are explored theoretically as adaptive outcomes of self‐regulation and sense‐making processes. The nature of that game is then explored by a closer examination of the interrelations and decay functions of the major objective success outcomes. This is undertaken as a theoretical exercise, and also by reference to the evidence in the literature. Both approaches support the existence of close linkages among most of these outcomes, though empirical data reveal variations that highlight the importance for careerists to be aware of trade‐offs and risks in career strategies. Context mediates these relationships, especially key contingencies such as individual differences, gender, career stage, culture, and business sector. The implications are discussed; in particular the role of careers theory and research in helping to cut through some of the ideological aspects of ‘subjective’ careers in order to help raise the awareness of actors in the labor market about objective career realities. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen Bonding Structure and Stability of α‐Chitin Studied by 13C Solid‐State NMR
Authors: Kameda Tsunenori , Miyazawa Mitsuhiro , Ono Hiroshi , Yoshida Mitsuru 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSummary: The structure and stability of hydrogen bonds in α‐chitin were investigated by 13C solid‐state NMR measurements at different temperatures. Splitting of the carbonyl carbon signal for α‐chitin was interpreted as two types of hydrogen bonding; the peaks at 173.5 and 175.8 ppm were assigned, respectively, to a carbonyl carbon hydrogen bonded exclusively to the NH group and a carbonyl carbon hydrogen‐bonded to both NH and C(6)OH groups. Approximately 60% of carbonyl groups exclusively contributed to the intermolecular hydrogen bonding and ca. 40% of them to the combination of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Internal rotation around the C(5)–C(6) bond was detected at 55 °C.13C CP/MAS NMR spectrum of chitin (A) and decomposed spectrum in the CO region (B).magnified image13C CP/MAS NMR spectrum of chitin (A) and decomposed spectrum in the CO region (B).
Molecular diagnosis of inheritable neuromuscular disorders. Part I: Genetic determinants of inherited disease and their laboratory detection
Authors: Greenberg Steven A. , Walsh Ronan J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractUnderstanding of the genetic basis of inheritable neuromuscular disorders has grown rapidly over the last decade, resulting in improved classification and understanding of their pathogenesis. A consequence of these advances has been the development of genetic tests of blood specimens for the diagnosis of many of these diseases. For many patients, these blood tests have eliminated the need for other more invasive diagnostic tests such as muscle or nerve biopsy, and for some patients, reduced exposure to immunosuppressive medication and its complications. The first part of this review focuses on the nature of genetic disorders, the laboratory methods used in the performance of genetic tests, and general practical aspects of their use and interpretation. The second part discusses the applicability of these tests to the range of neuromuscular disorders. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Scheduling and lot streaming in two‐machine open shops with no‐wait in process
Authors: Hall Nicholas G. , Laporte Gilbert , Selvarajah Esaignani , Sriskandarajah Chelliah 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe study the problem of minimizing the makespan in no‐wait two‐machine open shops producing multiple products using lot streaming. In no‐wait open shop scheduling, sublot sizes are necessarily consistent; i.e., they remain the same over all machines. This intractable problem requires finding sublot sizes, a product sequence for each machine, and a machine sequence for each product. We develop a dynamic programming algorithm to generate all the dominant schedule profiles for each product that are required to formulate the open shop problem as a generalized traveling salesman problem. This problem is equivalent to a classical traveling salesman problem with a pseudopolynomial number of cities. We develop and test a computationally efficient heuristic for the open shop problem. Our results indicate that solutions can quickly be found for two machine open shops with up to 50 products. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005
Different techniques for urinary protein analysis of normal and lung cancer patients
Authors: Tantipaiboonwong Payungsak , Sinchaikul Supachok , Sriyam Supawadee , Phutrakul Suree , Chen Shui‐Tein 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMany components in urine are useful in clinical diagnosis and urinary proteins are known as important components to define many diseases such as proteinuria, kidney, bladder and urinary tract diseases. In this study, we focused on the comparison of different sample preparation methods for isolating urinary proteins prior to protein analysis of pooled healthy and lung cancer patient samples. Selective method was used for preliminary investigation of some putative urinary protein markers. Urine samples were passed first through a gel filtration column (PD‐10 desalting column) to remove high salts and subsequently concentrated. Remaining interferences were removed by ultrafiltration or four precipitation methods. The analysis of urinary proteins by high‐performance liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed many similarities in profiles among preparation methods and a few profiles were different between normal and lung cancer patients. In contrast, the results of two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) showed more distinctly different protein patterns. Our finding showed that the sequential preparation of urinary proteins by gel filtration and ultrafiltration could retain most urinary proteins which demonstrated the highest protein spots on 2‐D gels and able to identify preliminary urinary protein markers related to cancer. Although sequential preparation of urine samples by gel filtration and protein precipitation resulted in low amounts of proteins on 2‐D gels, high Mr proteins were easily detected. Therefore, there are alternative choices for urine sample preparation for studying the urinary proteome and identifing urinary protein markers important for further preclinical diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Syntheses of cyclic polycarbonates by the direct phosgenation of bisphenol M
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Böhme Sigrid , Schwarz Gert , Schultz Claus‐Ludolf 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBisphenol M was subjected to interfacial polycondensations in an NaOH/CH2Cl2 system with triethylamine as a catalyst. Regardless of the catalyst concentration, similar molecular weights were obtained, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectra exclusively displayed mass peaks of cycles (detectable up to 15,000 Da). With triethyl benzyl ammonium chloride as a catalyst, linear chains became the main products, but the contents of the cycles and the molecular weights strongly increased with higher catalyst/bisphenol ratios. When the pseudo‐high‐dilution method was applied, both diphosgene and triphosgene yielded cyclic polycarbonates of low or moderate molecular weights. Size exclusion chromatography measurements, evaluated with the triple‐detection method, yielded bimodal mass distribution curves with polydispersities of 5–12. Furthermore, a Mark–Houwink equation was elaborated, and it indicated that the hydrodynamic volume of poly(bisphenol M carbonate) was quite similar to that of poly(bisphenol A carbonate)s with similar concentrations of cyclic species. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1248–1254, 2005
The relation between prior knowledge and students' collaborative discovery learning processes
Authors: Gijlers Hannie , de Jong Ton 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn this study we investigate how prior knowledge influences knowledge development during collaborative discovery learning. Fifteen dyads of students (pre‐university education, 15–16 years old) worked on a discovery learning task in the physics field of kinematics. The (face‐to‐face) communication between students was recorded and the interaction with the environment was logged. Based on students' individual judgments of the truth‐value and “testability” of a series of domain‐specific propositions, a detailed description of the “knowledge configuration” for each dyad was created before they entered the learning environment. Qualitative analyses of two dialogues illustrated that prior knowledge influences the discovery learning processes, and knowledge development in a pair of students. Assessments of student and dyad definitional (domain‐specific) knowledge, generic (mathematical and graph) knowledge, and generic (discovery) skills were related to the students' dialogue in different discovery learning processes. Results show that a high level of definitional prior knowledge is positively related to the proportion of communication regarding the interpretation of results. Heterogeneity with respect to generic prior knowledge was positively related to the number of utterances made in the discovery process categories “hypotheses generation” and “experimentation.” Results of the qualitative analyses indicated that collaboration between extremely heterogeneous dyads is difficult when the high achiever is not willing to scaffold information and work in the low achiever's zone of proximal development. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 42: 264–282, 2005
Thoracoscopic closure of the patent arterial duct
Authors: Vida Vladimiro L , Rubino Maurizio , Bottio Tomaso , Padalino Massimo A. , Milanesi Ornella , Pittarello Demetrio , Stellin Giovanni 
Published: February 2005

Video assisted thoracoscopic surgery for closure of the persistently patent arterial duct is an effective answer to the modern effort of seeking repair of congenital cardiac malformations with minimally invasive techniques.Between June, 1994, and December, 2002, 150 consecutive patients with an echocardiographic diagnosis of isolated patency of the arterial duct were referred to our Institution for video assisted thoracoscopic closure. The median age at the time of operation was 45 months, with a range from 3 to 161 months, and mean weight was 18 kg, with a range from 4.2 to 73 kg. Video assisted closure was possible in 139 patients (93%). The mean operative time was 37 min, with a range from 14 to 89 min. In the remaining 11 patients (7%), seen early in our experience, we converted to a mini-thoracotomy to achieve closure. In no instance did we encounter major haemorrhage requiring blood transfusion, and there were no hospital deaths. The mean period of stay in hospital was less than 24 h in 61 patients, less than 48 h in 88 patients seen earlier in our experience, and 21 days in 1 patient because of a persistent chylothorax. Other complications included palsy of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve in 1 patient, with partial regression at 6 months follow-up.We conclude that closure of the arterial duct by video-assisted thoroscopy combines the advantages of safe and complete extraluminal occlusion with an excellent clinical and aesthetic result, minimal postoperative pain, and short stay in hospital at low cost.
Host selection by the generalist aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its subspecies specialized on tobacco, after being reared on the same host
Authors: Troncoso A.J. , Vargas R.R. , Tapia D.H. , Olivares-Donoso R. , Niemeyer H.M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDecision-making during host selection by phytophagous insects has proved to be related to host range, with specialists taking faster decisions than generalists; however, this pattern fails to materialize in some host selection studies performed with aphids. Differences found in testing designs point to rearing effects on aphid host selection. To test whether specialization patterns derive from the nature of the aphid or as a consequence of rearing environment, host selection behaviours were compared between the generalist Myzus persicae (Sulzer) s.s. and its subspecies specialized on tobacco when reared on a common host and offered the choice of an alternative host and a non-host plant. Pre-alighting (host finding and attraction towards host volatiles) and post-alighting (leaf surface exploration and probing) behaviours did not differ between the generalist and the tobacco-specialist, except in the allocation of time to probing behaviour; furthermore, all specialists chose the host on which they performed best. Thus, although the specialist was not faster than the generalist, it showed a higher level of commitment to its preferred host plant.
Understanding the relationship between the primary structure of proteins and its propensity to be soluble on overexpression in Escherichia coli
Authors: Idicula‐Thomas Susan , Balaji Petety V. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSolubility of proteins on overexpression in Escherichia coli is a manifestation of the net effect of several sequence‐dependent and sequence‐independent factors. This study aims to delineate the relationship between the primary structure and solubility on overexpression. The amino acid sequences of proteins reported to be soluble or to form inclusion bodies on overexpression in E. coli under normal growth conditions were analyzed. The results show a positive correlation between thermostability and solubility of proteins, and an inverse correlation between the in vivo half‐life of proteins and solubility. The amino acid (Asn, Thr, Tyr) composition and the tripeptide frequency of the protein were also found to influence its solubility on overexpression. The amino acids that were seen to be present in a comparatively higher frequency in inclusion body‐forming proteins have a higher sheet propensity, whereas those that are seen more in soluble proteins have a higher helix propensity; this is indicative of a possible correlation between sheet propensity and inclusion body formation. Thus, the present analysis shows that thermostability, in vivo half‐life, Asn, Thr, and Tyr content, and tripeptide composition of a protein are correlated to the propensity of a protein to be soluble on overexpression in E. coli. The precise mechanism by which these properties affect the solubility status of the overexpressed protein remains to be understood.
Long‐term effects of computer training of phonological awareness in kindergarten
Authors: Segers Eliane , Verhoeven Ludo 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe present study examined the long‐term effects of a computer intervention for the development of phonological awareness in Dutch kindergartners. Native Dutch and immigrant children worked with the software 15 min/week during one school year. Following a pretest – interim test – post‐test – retention test design, the effects on rhyming, phonemic segmentation, auditory blending, and grapheme knowledge were assessed. The intervention showed significant immediate effects on rhyming and grapheme knowledge. The time spent on the computer games also correlated with the learning gains for the experimental group. In the first grade, retention effects were demonstrated after 4 months of formal reading education.
Genetic relationships among members of the Ichthyobodo necator complex: implications for the management of aquaculture stocks
Authors: Callahan H A , Litaker R W , Noga E J 
Published: February 2005

Abstract Ichthyobodo necator (costia) is a common and important flagellate parasite that infests the skin and gills of many freshwater and marine fish. Costia infestations are often fatal and cause significant aquaculture losses worldwide. Recently it has been demonstrated that Ichthyobodo is a multispecies complex with differing host preferences. Knowing if those species have broad or narrow host specificity has important implications for the management of costia. To address the question of host specificity, genomic DNA was isolated from Ichthyobodo trophonts collected from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, koi, Cyprinus carpio, mirror carp, C. carpio, goldfish, Carassius auratus, channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, swordtail, Xiphophorus helleri, and Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. The small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene from each isolate was analysed with previously published Ichthyobodo sequences using Bayesian phylogenetic methods. The internal transcribed spacers (ITS) from six isolates were also PCR‐amplified, cloned and sequenced. Both the SSU rRNA phylogenetic analysis and the ITS rRNA sequence data support grouping the 22 Ichthyobodo isolates examined into a complex of nine different species. Many of these species were frequently isolated from multiple hosts, indicating that exchange of infested fish from one region to another has a high potential for spreading the disease. In one instance, the same species was obtained from marine and freshwater fish, further suggesting that certain Ichthyobodo species may not be limited by salinity.
A test of models of fluvial architecture and palaeosol development: Camp Rice Formation (Upper Pliocene‐Lower Pleistocene), southern Rio Grande rift, New Mexico, USA
Authors: MACK GREG H. , MADOFF RISA D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractNumerical, experimental and theoretical models of fluvial architecture and palaeosol development are tested with outcrops of Upper Pliocene‐Lower Pleistocene sediment in the southern Rio Grande rift, New Mexico. The sediment was deposited and subsequently exhumed in the Jornada del Muerto basin, a westward‐tilted half graben whose footwall corresponds to the Rincon Hills and San Diego Mountain fault blocks. The axial river, the ancestral Rio Grande, shared time between the Jornada del Muerto basin and the adjacent Corralitos basin. The ancestral Rio Grande entered the Jornada del Muerto basin via a gap between the footwall blocks, periodically flowing southward towards San Diego Mountain, or making a broad northward sweep into the northern fluvial salient towards the Rincon Hills fault block and unfaulted northern edge of the basin. Ten logged sections up to 35 m thick are correlated using the top of the formation (La Mesa surface), a 1·59 Ma pumice conglomerate, and a ground‐water carbonate/opal bed. Additionally, one of the sections is dated by reversal magnetostratigraphy. Consistent with the model of Bridge & Leeder (1979) and Bridge & Mackey (1993a), differential tilting of the Jornada del Muerto half graben resulted in sections directly adjacent to the faults that consist almost exclusively of multistorey channel sands/sandstones, whereas more distal sections contain a greater proportion of crevasse‐splay fine sand and overbank mudstone and calcic palaeosols. Along the axis of the northern fluvial salient, a northward decrease in channel/floodplain ratio, a decrease in channel recurrence interval from 171 kyr to 685 kyr, and an increase in the maturity of calcic palaeosols are consistent with southward tilt of the unfaulted northern edge of the basin. An upsection decrease in sediment accumulation rate in the northern fluvial salient from 0·036 mm/ yr to 0·017 mm/ yr corresponds to an increase in the ratio of channel/floodplain facies and in the number of multistorey channel sands/sandstones, and is consistent with the model of Bridge & Leeder (1979) in which avulsion frequency is independent of sediment accumulation rate. Stage II and III calcic palaeosols indicate 103−105 year of landscape stability and soil formation between periods of floodplain deposition in response not only to basin tilting but also because the ancestral Rio Grande had multiple paths within the Jornada del Muerto basin and shared time between the Corralitos and Jornada del Muerto basins.