bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restoration of a Mine Pit Lake from Aquacultural Nutrient Enrichment
Authors: Axler Richard , Yokom Shane , Tikkanen Craig , McDonald Michael , Runke Henry , Wilcox Dwight , Cady Bruce 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMinnesota, the land of 10,000 lakes, also has more than 4000 abandoned quarry pits and over 200 deep, exhausted iron ore pits. In the past 25 years the iron ore pits have gradually filled with groundwater and surface water, forming lakes on the Cuyuna, Mesabi, and Vermillion Iron Ranges in northeastern Minnesota. Most remain abandoned, but besides creating a small number of recreational parks and fisheries, the regional economic development agency promoted approximately 20 of the pit lakes for economic reclamation by using them for salmonid aquaculture. Intensive net‐pen aquaculture was carried out from 1988 to 1995 in the Twin City–South and Sherman pit lakes on the Mesabi Range. A water quality controversy resulted over the potential for long‐term degradation of the lakes and regional aquifer. The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency then mandated that aquaculture be terminated in Twin City–South in May 1993 and the lake restored to preaquaculture conditions by 1996. With no management other than artificial aeration for one summer, the lake rapidly recovered to near baseline water quality and returned to an oligomesotrophic (unproductive) status. Within 18 months the phosphorus budget was typical of reference pit lakes in the area and dissolved oxygen in bottom water remained above ∼4 mg O2/L without artificial aeration. Algal growth was low in 1993, due to light limitation from artificial mixing, but it remained low in 1994 without any management due to renewed phosphorus limitation. Inorganic nitrogen initially decreased faster than expected, at a rate similar to its increase during intensive aquaculture. More rapid reductions in water column nutrients might have occurred in 1993 by reducing aeration to allow anoxia in the lower hypolimnion, promoting denitrification and minimizing sediment resuspension, but this was precluded by water quality standards. The “natural” burial of solid wastes under inorganic sediment eroded from the basin walls effectively minimized transport of sediment nutrients to the overlying water. Fallowing for several years provided a simple, effective method for restoration of these pit lakes from aquacultural impacts. No change attributable to aquaculture was observed in the water quality of three nearby pit lakes, including a drinking water source. This fact suggests that there were few or no impacts from off‐site migration of aquaculturally enriched water into the regional aquifer.
Plant‐Mycorrhizal Community Dynamics Associated with a Moisture Gradient within a Rehabilitated Prairie Fen
Authors: Turner Stephen D. , Friese Carl F. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWetland ecosystems have ecological significance in areas such as natural waste purification and nutrient cycling. Much has been accomplished in determining the floristic and edaphic characteristics of wetlands, but little is known about key structure‐function relationships such as mycorrhizae. We collected descriptive data on the plant and mycorrhizal fungal community associated with a moisture gradient along a rehabilitated prairie fen to assist in ongoing restoration efforts (Zimmerman Prairie, Greene County, Ohio). Analysis of soil samples from the prairie fen indicated that significant levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal infection occurred within both the prairie and fen plant species (infection level means ranging from 20% to 47%). Mycorrhizal root infection was significantly correlated with all edaphic factors tested—soil moisture, organic matter, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and pH—from May to October 1994. The plant‐mycorrhizal data clearly indicate the presence of mycorrhizae in soils that are saturated or even inundated. The functional role of mycorrhizae in wetlands is still unclear, however. For example, is the species interaction we are observing truly mutualistic or of some other form due to environmental conditions? Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal relationships in all classes of wetland ecosystems need to be studied further if we are to understand their potential role in the ecological restoration of wetland ecosystems.
Comparison of an Australian food-frequency questionnaire with diet records: implications for nutrition surveillance
Authors: Ambrosini GL , Mackerras D , de Klerk NH , Musk AW 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjectives:To compare a widely used Australian food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with diet records and consider the results in relation to its use in nutrition surveillance.Design:Inter-method reliability study.Setting:A randomised trial in subjects with past asbestos exposure.Subjects:Seventy-two adults living in Western Australia.Methods:A semi-quantitative FFQ developed by the Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation in South Australia was administered after the completion of four 7-day diet records (DRs).Results:Mean agreement between methods was not significantly different from 100% for many nutrients, but the limits of agreement indicated that, at the individual level, the FFQ over- or underestimated the DR by at least 50%. Mean agreement between methods decreased significantly with increasing intakes for the majority of nutrients. Pearson's correlation coefficients were less informative indicators of agreement compared with the limits of agreement.Conclusions:These results indicate poor agreement between the FFQ and DR when estimating absolute intakes. Therefore, comparing intakes collected using this FFQ with specific cut-off points such as Recommended Dietary Intakes for nutrition surveillance may lead to seriously flawed conclusions about population intakes.
Seasonal misclassification error and magnitude of true between-person variation in dietary nutrient intake: a random coefficients analysis and implications for the Japan Public Health Center (JPHC) Cohort Study
Authors: Fahey Michael T , Sasaki Satoshi , Kobayashi Minatsu , Akabane Masayuki , Tsugane Shoichiro 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjective:We examine (1) the extent to which seasonal diet assessments correctly classify individuals with respect to their usual nutrient intake, and (2) whether the magnitude of true variation in intake between individuals is seasonal. These effects could lead, respectively, to bias in estimates of relative risk for associations between usual nutrient exposure and disease, and to an increase in required sample size.Subjects and setting:One hundred and twenty-seven families in four regions of the Japan Public Health Center (JPHC) Cohort Study.Design:On average, 48 weighed daily food records were collected per family over six seasons of 1994 and 1995.Results:A random slopes regression model was used to predict the correlation between seasonal and annual average intakes, and to estimate true between-person variation in intakes by season. Mean vitamin C intake was greatest in summer and autumn, and seasonal variation was attributable to the consumption of fruit and vegetables. Predicted correlations between seasonal and annual average vitamin C intake ranged from 0.62 to 0.87, with greatest correlations in summer and autumn. True between-person variation in vitamin C intake was also strongly seasonal, ranging from 45 to 78% of total variance, and was again greatest in summer and autumn. These effects were less seasonal among energy and 13 other nutrients.Conclusions:It may be possible substantially to reduce both seasonal misclassification of individuals with respect to their usual vitamin C intake, and required sample size, by asking subjects to report high-season intake of fruit and vegetables in the JPHC Study.
Yoghurt in the Spanish diet: nutritional implications and socio-cultural aspects of its consumption
Authors: Capdevila Francesca , Martí-Henneberg Carles , Closa Ricardo , Subías Joaquín Escribano , Fernández-Ballart Joan 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjectives:This study aims to analyse the differences, with regard to socio-cultural characteristics and dietary habits, between low and high consumers of yoghurt and other fermented dairy product desserts, and the nutritional significance of these differences.Methods:We analysed the diet of a healthy population (4–65 years), using the 24-hour recall method, on three non-consecutive days. The participants were grouped by age and sex and were also divided into tertiles on the basis of yoghurt consumption. We compared energy and nutrient intakes, educational level and socio-economic status in the low consumption (LC) group and the high consumption (HC) group.Results:In general there were no significant differences in energy intake or nutritional profile between LC and HC groups. The only significant difference was in the percentage of energy provided by lipids, which was significantly lower in HC women, possibly due to the high number of women in this group who consumed low-fat yoghurt. There were significant differences in the distribution of HC and LC subjects according to the three educational levels (P < 0.05) but n according to socio-economic status.Conclusion:The fact of being a high consumer of fermented dairy products took place in the framework of other dietary changes that compensated for this high consumption, resulting in the absence of significant differences in energy intake and nutritional profile between HC and LC subjects. The only exception was found in women who consumed low-fat dairy products. There was a relationship between high consumption of fermented dairy products and educational level.
Misclassification associated with measurement error in the assessment of dietary intake
Authors: de Moor Carl , Baranowski Tom , Cullen Karen W , Nicklas Theresa 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjective:Dietary assessment has been used for certification to receive food supplements or other nutrition services and to provide feedback for educational purposes. The proportion of individuals correctly certified as eligible is a function of the amount of error that exists in the dietary measures and the level of dietary intake used to establish eligibility. Whether individuals are correctly counselled to increase or decrease the consumption of selected foods or nutrients is a function of the same factors. It is not clear, however, what percentage of individuals would be correctly classified under what circumstances. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the extent to which measurement error and eligibility criteria affect the accuracy of classification.Design:Hypothetical distributions of dietary intake were generated with varying degrees of measurement error. Different eligibility criteria were applied and the expected classification rates were determined using numerical methods.Setting and subjects:Simulation study.Results:Cut points of dietary intake at decreasing levels below the 50th percentile of true intake were associated with lower sensitivity and predictive value positive rates, but higher specificity and predictive value negative rates. The correct classification rates were lower when two cut points of dietary intake were used. Using a single cut point that was higher than the targeted true consumption resulted in higher sensitivity but lower predictive value positive, and lower specificity but higher predictive value negative.Conclusions:Current methods of dietary assessment may not be reliable enough to attain acceptable levels of correct classification. Policy-makers and educators must consider how much misclassification error they are willing to accept and determine whether more intensive methods are necessary.
Physical activity monitoring in Europe. The European Physical Activity Surveillance System (EUPASS) approach and indicator testing
Authors: Rütten A , Vuillemin A , Ooijendijk WTM , Schena F , Sjöström M , Stahl T , Vanden Auweele Y , Welshman J , Ziemainz H 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjectives:The main objective of this paper is to describe the approach and specific findings of the European Physical Activity Surveillance System (EUPASS) research project. In particular, the analysis presented aims at testing the reliability, comparability and predictive power of different sets of physical activity (PA) indicators.Design:First, a panel study based on computer-aided telephone interview (CATI) was designed to report PA data of a representative, selected group of about 100 persons per country at three points in time. Second, a CATI time series survey was carried out with the goal of realising about 100 interviews per month over six consecutive months.Setting:The project was carried out in eight European countries to support the development of the European Union's (EU) Health Monitoring Programme.Subjects:Random population samples (subjects aged 18 years and older) were drawn from each participating country.Results:While many PA indicators used in EU countries to date as well as the psychosocial and environmental measures tested in the present study had acceptable to good reliability coefficients, the test–retest reliability scores of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) version tested (the short (last 7 days) telephone interview IPAQ; IPAQ-S7T) were rather low. The comparability between extant national PA items and the IPAQ-S7T was low for all countries. The strongest predictors of perceived health were the psychosocial and environmental PA indicators.Conclusions:According to the results of the present study, more research is needed to further investigate and improve the quality of the IPAQ. In addition, the specific predictive power of the tested psychosocial and environmental PA indicators on perceived health should be of particular interest for designing health surveillance activities in the future.
Using different physical activity measurements in eight European countries. Results of the European Physical Activity Surveillance System (EUPASS) time series survey
Authors: Rütten A , Ziemainz H , Schena F , Stahl T , Stiggelbout M , Auweele Y Vanden , Vuillemin A , Welshman J 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjectives:The European Physical Activity Surveillance System (EUPASS) research project compared several physical activity (PA) measures (including the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)) in a time series survey in eight countries of the European Union. The present paper describes first results provided by the different instruments regarding PA participation, frequency and duration, both at the European and national levels. The purpose of the present study is to explore and compare the specific quality and usefulness of different indicators rather than to provide valid and reliable prevalence data. Thus, the main focus is on discussion of the methodological implications of the results presented.Methods:A time series survey based on computer-aided telephone interviewing (CATI) was carried out in eight European countries over a six-month period. The study provided for about 100 realised interviews per month in each country (i.e. ~600 per country). Descriptive statistical analysis was used to: (1) report IPAQ results on vigorous, moderate and light PA and sitting, as well as on the overall measure of calories expenditure (MET min−1), in the different countries; (2) compare these results with national PA indicators tested in EUPASS; and (3) compare IPAQ results with other European studies.Results:First, the scores for the different PA categories as well as for the overall measure of calories expenditure provided by the IPAQ appeared rather high compared with previous studies and public health recommendations. Second, the different PA measurements used in EUPASS provided completely different results. For example, national indicators used in Germany and The Netherlands to date neither corresponded in absolute values (e.g. means of PA or sitting) nor correlated with the IPAQ in any significant way. Third, comparing EU countries, the ranking for vigorous, moderate and light activities by use of the IPAQ differed from that of other European studies. For example, in the present analysis, German respondents generally showed higher scores for PA than the Finns and the Dutch, while, in contrast, findings from other studies ranked Finland before The Netherlands and Germany.Conclusions:The present analysis highlights some methodological implications of the IPAQ instrument. Among other things, differences in overall scores for PA as well as in the ranking of nations between the present results using IPAQ and other measures and studies may partly be due to the concepts of PA behind the measurements. Further analysis should investigate if the range of PA-related categories provided by the IPAQ is fully appropriate to measure all relevant daily activities; it may also consider the public health implications of mixing up different contexts of PA (e.g. work, leisure-time, transportation) in the IPAQ short version.
Damage Identification of a Gear Transmission Using Vibration Signatures
Authors: Choy F. K. , Mugler D. H. , Zhou J. 
Published: June 2003

Important advancements in preventive maintenance of rotor-craft gear transmission systems are currently being sought for the development of an accurate machine health diagnostic system. Such a diagnostic system would use vibration or acoustic signals from the gear transmission system for (1) rapid on-line evaluation of gear wear or damage status, and (2) prediction of remaining gear life. Such health diagnostic capabilities would be essential for effective machine event/life management and advance warning before critical component failures. This paper demonstrates the use of vibration signature analysis procedures for health monitoring and diagnostics of a gear transmission system. The procedures used in this paper include
(i) the numerical simulation of the dynamics of a gear transmission system with single and multiple tooth damage,
(ii) the application of the Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD) and the Wavelet transform in damage identification and quantification of damaged tooth based on the numerically generated vibration signal, and
(iii) the application of both WVD and the Wavelet transform on experimental data at various stage of gear failure obtained from an accelerated gear damage test rig. This paper demonstrates that the developed signature analysis procedure can successfully detect faulty gears in both numerically simulated and experimental tested transmission system. General conclusions on identification and quantification of gear tooth damage are drawn based on the results of this study.
Sustained Small Interfering RNA-Mediated HumanImmunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Inhibition in PrimaryMacrophages
Authors: Song Erwei , Lee Sang-Kyung , Dykxhoorn Derek M. , Novina Carl , Zhang Dong , Crawford Keith , Cerny Jan , Sharp Phillip A. , Lieberman Judy , Manjunath N , Shankar Premlata 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT
Small
interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can induce potent gene silencing by
degradation of cognate mRNA. However, in dividing cells, the silencing
lasts only 3 to 7 days, presumably because of siRNA dilution with cell
division. Here, we investigated if sustained siRNA-mediated silencing
of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is possible in
terminally differentiated macrophages, which constitute an important
reservoir of HIV in vivo. CCR5, the major HIV-1 coreceptor in
macrophages, and the viral structural gene for p24 were targeted either
singly or in combination. When transfected 2 days prior to infection,
both CCR5 and p24 siRNAs effectively reduced HIV-1 infection for the
entire 15-day period of observation, and combined targeting of both
genes abolished infection. To investigate whether exogenously
introduced siRNA is maintained stably in macrophages, we tested the
kinetics of siRNA-mediated viral inhibition by initiating infections at
various times (2 to 15 days) after transfection with CCR5 and p24
siRNAs. HIV suppression mediated by viral p24 siRNA progressively
decreased and was lost by day 7 posttransfection. In contrast, viral
inhibition by cellular CCR5 knockdown was sustained even when
transfection preceded infection by 15 days, suggesting that the
continued presence of target RNA may be needed for persistence of
siRNA. The longer sustenance of CCR5 relative to p24 siRNA in
uninfected macrophages was also confirmed by detection of internalized
siRNA by modified Northern blot analysis. We also tested the potential
of p24 siRNA to stably silence HIV in the setting of an established
infection where the viral target gene is actively transcribed. Under
these circumstances, long-term suppression of HIV replication could be
achieved with p24 siRNA. Thus, siRNAs can induce potent and
long-lasting HIV inhibition in nondividing cells such as
macrophages.
Murine Cytomegalovirus Abortively Infects Human Dendritic Cells, Leading to Expression and Presentation of Virally Vectored Genes
Authors: Wang Xiuqing , Messerle Martin , Sapinoro Ramil , Santos Kathlyn , Hocknell Peter K. , Jin Xia , Dewhurst Stephen 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACTDendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen-presenting cells that play a crucial role in antigen-specific immune responses. Thus, the targeting of exogenous antigens to DC has become a popular approach for cancer immunotherapy and vaccine development. In this report, we studied the interplay between murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and human monocyte-derived DC. The results showed that an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-encoding, replication-competent MCMV vector underwent abortive infection in human DC; this was accompanied by the efficient expression of EGFP. Infection of human DC by this vector resulted in a modest increase in the expression of cell surface proteins associated with DC maturation and has no significant effect on the immunostimulatory function of the cells, as reflected by their ability to support T-cell proliferation in a mixed-lymphocyte reaction. Finally, an MCMV vector encoding the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 envelope glycoprotein was constructed and used to infect cultured human DC. The infected DC were shown to be capable of stimulating the expansion of autologous, gp120-specific, class I-restricted T lymphocytes from an HIV-1-negative donor, as determined by tetramer staining and enzyme-linked immunospot analysis. Taken together, these results suggest that MCMV may have potential utility as a vector for human vaccine development.
Effects of Mutant Ubiquitin on
ts
1 Retrovirus-Mediated Neuropathology
Authors: Zhang Mei , Thurig Sherry , Tsirigotis Maria , Wong Paul K. Y. , Reuhl Kenneth R. , Gray Douglas A. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

ts
1 is a temperature-sensitive mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus that induces a rapid spongiform encephalopathy in mice infected as newborns. The pathological features include the formation of ubiquitinated inclusions resembling Lewy bodies. To determine how perturbation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway might affect
ts
1-mediated neurodegeneration, the virus was introduced into transgenic mice in which the assembly of ubiquitin chains was compromised by the expression of dominant-negative mutant ubiquitin. The onset of symptoms was greatly delayed in a transgenic mouse line expressing K48R mutant ubiquitin; no such delay was observed in mice expressing a wild-type ubiquitin transgene or K63R mutant ubiquitin. The extended latency was found to correlate with a delayed increase in viral titers. Pathological findings in K48R transgenic mice at 60 days were found to be similar to those in the other strains at 30 days, suggesting that while delayed, the neurodegenerative process in K48R mice was otherwise similar. These data demonstrate the sensitivity of retroviral replication to the partial disruption of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis in vivo, a finding that may have therapeutic potential.