bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of inpatient treatment on compulsive exercise in adults with longstanding eating disorders: Secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial with 12‐month follow‐up
Authors: Vrabel KariAnne R. , Bratland‐Sanda Solfrid 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to examine changes in compulsive exercise among adults with eating disorders (ED) admitted for inpatient treatment in a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and compassion‐focused therapy (CFT) and whether such changes were influenced by treatment condition, childhood trauma, or level of compulsive exercise.MethodA total of 130 adults admitted to inpatient treatment for EDs mean (SD) age 30.9 (9.7) years, mean illness duration 14.2 (8.9) years, were randomized to receive CBT or CFT and analyzed using multilevel modeling. Assessments included Eating Disorders Examination – Interview, Compulsive Exercise Test and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.ResultsMean total CET score at baseline was 14.7 (4.0) with no difference between the treatment groups. A total of 63 (48.5%) had CET score ≥ 15, indicating clinical levels. There was an overall time effect on reduction in CET total and all CET subscale scores except Lack of enjoyment, and CFT provided greater reduction compared to CBT on the CET subscale Mood improvements. Patients with clinical CET score levels showed greater reduction on CET total and the subscales Avoidance, Weight, and Rigidity across time compared to persons with non‐clinical CET score. Childhood trauma did not predict changes in CET total or subscale scores.DiscussionBoth CBT and CFT improve overall compulsive exercise. The greater effect of CFT than CBT on exercise as a maladaptive mood regulator calls for further research on how affective oriented psychotherapies can not only reduce compulsive exercise but also promote functional exercise among persons with EDs.Public Significance StatementUnderstanding and addressing compulsive exercise in adults with eating disorders is crucial. This study comparing cognitive‐behavioral therapy and compassion‐focused therapy shows both improve compulsive exercise. Importantly, compassion‐focused therapy has a greater impact as an emotion‐focused regulator. This emphasizes the need for further exploration into how emotion‐focused therapies can reduce compulsive exercise and promote healthier, functional physical activity for individuals with eating disorders.
Exploring biomarkers in trigeminal neuralgia patients operated with microvascular decompression: A comparison with multiple sclerosis patients and non‐neurological controls
Authors: Lafta Muataz S. , Sokolov Aleksandr V. , Landtblom Anne‐Marie , Ericson Hans , Schiöth Helgi B. , Abu Hamdeh Sami 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundTrigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe facial pain condition often associated with a neurovascular conflict. However, neuroinflammation has also been implicated in TN, as it frequently co‐occurs with multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsWe analysed protein expression levels of TN patients compared to MS patients and controls. Proximity Extension Assay technology was used to analyse the levels of 92 proteins with the Multiplex Neuro‐Exploratory panel provided by SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden. Serum and CSF samples were collected from TN patients before (n = 33 and n = 27, respectively) and after (n = 28 and n = 8, respectively) microvascular decompression surgery. Additionally, we included samples from MS patients (n = 20) and controls (n = 20) for comparison.ResultsIn both serum and CSF, several proteins were found increased in TN patients compared to either MS patients, controls, or both, including EIF4B, PTPN1, EREG, TBCB, PMVK, FKBP5, CD63, CRADD, BST2, CD302, CRIP2, CCL27, PPP3R1, WWP2, KLB, PLA2G10, TDGF1, SMOC1, RBKS, LTBP3, CLSTN1, NXPH1, SFRP1, HMOX2, and GGT5. The overall expression of the 92 proteins in postoperative TN samples seems to shift towards the levels of MS patients and controls in both serum and CSF, as compared to preoperative samples. Interestingly, there was no difference in protein levels between MS patients and controls.ConclusionsWe conclude that TN patients showed increased serum and CSF levels of specific proteins and that successful surgery normalizes these protein levels, highlighting its potential as an effective treatment. However, the similarity between MS and controls challenges the idea of shared pathophysiology with TN, suggesting distinct underlying mechanisms in these conditions.SignificanceThis study advances our understanding of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and its association with multiple sclerosis (MS). By analysing 92 protein biomarkers, we identified distinctive molecular profiles in TN patients, shedding light on potential pathophysiological mechanisms. The observation that successful surgery normalizes many protein levels suggests a promising avenue for TN treatment. Furthermore, the contrasting protein patterns between TN and MS challenge prevailing assumptions of similarity between the two conditions and point to distinct pathophysiological mechanisms.
Do reconciliation events serve as a conciliatory signal?
Authors: Ohtsubo Yohsuke , Himichi Toshiyuki , Inamasu Kazunori , Kohama Shoko , Mifune Nobuhiro , Tago Atsushi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA set of four vignette studies (total N = 1600) examined whether voluntariness, novelty, vulnerability and irrevocability of reconciliation events serve as conciliatory signals that communicate serious intentions for improved relations. Studies 1 and 2 manipulated the presence of the four factors in the reconciliation event initiated by the political leader of a country in a relatively disadvantageous (Study 1) or advantageous (Study 2) position. Studies 1 and 2 revealed that the presence of substantial concession (‘public announcement of abandonment of disputed region’ in Study 1 and ‘demolition of a military facility in the disputed region’ in Study 2) enhanced signal effectiveness (participants perceived these concessions reflecting the political leader's serious conciliatory intention). Follow‐up studies (Studies 3A and 3B), which manipulated the level of concession (high vs. intermediate vs. low), confirmed the main result: High and intermediate levels of concession enhanced signal effectiveness compared to low concession.
Structure and properties of the acellular porcine cornea irradiated with 60Co‐γ and electron beam and its histocompatibility
Authors: Li Qing , Sun Yajun , Zhao Haibin , Zhang Fan , Guo Yu , Chen Xin , Zhao Guoqun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAcellular porcine cornea (APC) has been used in corneal transplantation and treatment of the corneal diseases. Sterilization is a key step before the application of graft, and irradiation is one of the most commonly used methods. In this paper, APC was prepared by the physical freeze‐thawing combined with biological enzymes, and the effects of the electron beam (E‐beam) and cobalt 60 (60Co‐γ) at the dose of 15 kGy on the physicochemical properties, structure, immunogenicity, and biocompatibility of the APC were investigated. After decellularization, the residual DNA was 20.86 ± 1.02 ng/mg, and the α‐Gal clearance rate was more than 99%. Irradiation, especially the 60Co‐γ, reduced the cornea's transmittance, elastic modulus, enzymatic hydrolysis rate, swelling ratio, and cross‐linking degree. Meanwhile, the diameter and spacing of the collagen fibers increased. In the rat subcutaneous implantation, many inflammatory cells appeared in the unirradiated APC, while the irradiated had good histocompatibility, but the degradation was faster. The lamellar keratoplasty in rabbits indicated that compared to the E‐beam, the 60Co‐γ damaged the chemical bond of collagen to a larger extent, reduced the content of GAGs, and prolonged the complete epithelization of the grafts. The corneal edema was more serious within 1 month after the surgery. After 2 months, the thickness of the APC with the two irradiation methods tended to be stable, but that in the 60Co‐γ group became thinner. The pathological results showed that the collagen structure was looser and the pores were larger, indicating the 60Co‐γ had a more extensive effect on the APC than the E‐beam at 15 kGy.
The effect of fishing‐capture stress on the oxygen uptake rate and swimming activity of the holocephalan Callorhinchus milii
Authors: Finotto Licia , Walker Terence I. , Reina Richard D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOverfishing, capture mortality, and consequences following the release of surviving animals represent severe threats to chondrichthyans. Although holocephalans are common bycaught and discarded species, other than postrelease mortality, little is known of fishing capture stress impacts. The stress response elicited after capture, essential to increase survival chances, is energetically demanding and affects the amount of energy available for other biological activities, with potential long‐term impairments. We measured the effect of 30‐min simulated gillnet capture on oxygen uptake rate (ṀO2), a proxy for metabolic rate and energy use, on recovery pattern, and on swimming activity of elephant fish (Callorhinchus milii). Immediately after simulated capture, Active and Inactive ṀO2, measured during swimming and resting periods, respectively, were 27.5% and 43.1% lower than precapture values. This metabolic decline is likely an adaptation for reducing the energy allocated to non‐essential activities, thus preserving it to sustain the stress response and processes essential for immediate survival. Supporting this, after gillnet capture, animals decreased their swimming time by 26.6%, probably due to a reduction in the energy allocated to movement. After 7 days, swimming activity and both Inactive ṀO2 and Active ṀO2 returned to precapture values. Although metabolic decline may enhance survival chances, the associated decreased swimming activity might increase predation risk and slow the physiological recovery after a fishing event. Moreover, some of the activities involved in Inactive ṀO2 are fundamental for life maintenance and therefore its depression after a capture event might have long‐term repercussions for life sustenance and health.
Cookability of 24 pea accessions—determining factors and potential predictors of cooking quality
Authors: Dueholm Bjørn , Fonskov Johanna , Grimberg Åsa , Carlsson Sandra , Hefni Mohammed , Henriksson Tina , Hammenhag Cecilia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDCooking time and cooking evenness are two critical quantities when determining the cooking quality (termed cookability) of pulses. Deciphering which factors contribute to pulse cookability is important for breeding new cultivars, and the identification of potential cookability predictors can facilitate breeding efforts. Seeds from 24 morphologically diverse pea accessions were tested to identify contributing factors and potential predictors of the observed cookability using a Mattson cooker. Size‑ and weight‐based measures were recorded, and seed‐coat hardness was obtained with a penetrometer. Content of protein, starch (amylose and amylopectin), and phytate was also determined.RESULTSDistinct differences were found between wrinkled and non‐wrinkled seeds in terms of water‐absorption capacity, seed‐coat hardness, and plunger‐perforation speed. Potential predictive indicators of cooking time and cooking evenness were seed‐coat hardness (r = 0.49 and r = 0.38), relative area gained (r = −0.59 and r = −0.8), and percentage of swelled seeds after soaking (r = −0.49 and r = −0.58), but only for non‐wrinkled seeds. Surprisingly, the coefficients of variation for the profile area of both dry and swelled seeds appeared to be potential cookability predictors of all pea types (correlation coefficients around r = 0.5 and supported by principal component analysis). However, no strong correlation was observed between cookability and protein, starch, or phytate levels.CONCLUSIONUsing three types of instruments together with chemical components enabled the identification of novel cookability predictors for both cooking time and cooking evenness in pea. This study unveils the diverse quantitative aspects influencing cookability in pea. Considering both cooking time and cooking evenness, as well as seed‐coat hardness, underscores the multifaceted nature of pulse cookability and offers important insights for future breeding strategies to enhance pea cultivars. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Fabrication of Soft Transparent Patient‐Specific Vascular Models with Stereolithographic 3D printing and Thiol‐Based Photopolymerizable Coatings
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Elnaz , Bosques‐Palomo Beatriz , Carmona‐Arriaga Francisco , Fabiani Mario Alejandro , Aguirre‐Soto Alan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAn ideal vascular phantom should be anatomically accurate, have mechanical properties as close as possible to the tissue, and be sufficiently transparent for ease of visualization. However, materials that enable the convergence of these characteristics have remained elusive. The fabrication of patient‐specific vascular phantoms with high anatomical fidelity, optical transparency, and mechanical properties close to those of vascular tissue is reported. These final properties are achieved by 3D printing patient‐specific vascular models with commercial elastomeric acrylic‐based resins before coating them with thiol‐based photopolymerizable resins. Ternary thiol‐ene‐acrylate chemistry is found optimal. A PETMP/allyl glycerol ether (AGE)/polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) coating with a 30/70% AGE/PEGDA ratio applied on a flexible resin yielded elastic modulus, UTS, and elongation of 3.41 MPa, 1.76 MPa, and 63.2%, respectively, in range with the human aortic wall. The PETMP/AGE/PEGDA coating doubled the optical transmission from 40% to 80%, approaching 88% of the benchmark silicone‐based elastomer. Higher transparency correlates with a decrease in surface roughness from 2000 to 90 nm after coating. Coated 3D‐printed anatomical replicas are showcased for pre‐procedural planning and medical training with good radio‐opacity and echogenicity. Thiol‐click chemistry coatings, as a surface treatment for elastomeric stereolithographic 3D‐printed objects, address inherent limitations of photopolymer‐based additive manufacturing.
Preserving mesh quality in shape optimization
Authors: Onyshkevych Sofiya , Siebenborn Martin , Wollner Winnifried 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn PDE‐constrained shape optimization, a lot of computational effort is used to update the geometry at every iteration step. This iterative process can result in loss of element quality and degeneracy of the underlying mesh, which is particularly relevant for applications involving large deformations of some parts of the domain. To avoid remeshing, we model the mesh deformation using the method of mappings. We use an extension equation that maps a boundary control variable to a deformation field defined over the entire domain. By using the nonlinear extension operator proposed in our previous work, we increase the set of reachable shapes, allowing us to model large deformations. We discuss how the choice of parameters of the extension equations affects the mesh quality and we study the influence of the extension factor on the convergence properties of the iterative solvers.
The stingless bee Trigona spinipes (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is at risk from a range of insecticides via direct ingestion and trophallactic exchanges
Authors: Pereira Renata Cunha , Vieira Júnior José Olívio Lopes , Barcelos João Victor Panisset Lima , Peçanha Ludimila Simões , França Thalles Alves , Mendonça Laís Viana Paes , da Silva Wanderson Rosa , Samuels Richard Ian , Silva Gerson Adriano 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe stingless bee, Trigona spinipes, is an important pollinator of numerous native and cultivated plants. Trigona spinipes populations can be negatively impacted by insecticides commonly used for pest control in crops. However, this species has been neglected in toxicological studies. Here we observed the effects of seven insecticides on the survival of bees that had fed directly on insecticide‐contaminated food sources or received insecticides via trophallactic exchanges between nestmates. The effects of insecticides on flight behavior were also determined for the compounds considered to be of low toxicity.RESULTSImidacloprid, spinosad and malathion were categorized as highly toxic to T. spinipes, whereas lambda‐cyhalothrin, methomyl and chlorfenapyr were of medium to low toxicity and interfered with two aspects of flight behavior evaluated here. Chlorantraniliprole was the only insecticide tested here that had no significant effect on T. spinipes survival, although it did interfere with one aspect of flight capacity. A single bee that had ingested malathion, spinosad or imidacloprid, could contaminate three, four and nineteen other bees, respectively via trophallaxis, resulting in the death of the recipients.CONCLUSIONThis is the first study to evaluate the ecotoxicology of a range of insecticides that not only negatively affected T. spinipes survival, but also interfered with flight capacity, a very important aspect of pollination behavior. The toxicity of the insecticides was observed following direct ingestion and also via trophallactic exchanges between nestmates, highlighting the possibility of lethal effects of these insecticides spreading throughout the colony, reducing the survival of non‐foraging individuals. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The microRNA‐193a‐5p induced ROS production and disturbed colocalization between STAT3 and androgen receptor play critical roles in cornin induced apoptosis
Authors: Choi Jhin‐Baek , Sim Deok Yong , Lee Hyo‐Jung , Park Ji Eon , Ahn Chi‐Hoon , Park Su‐Yeon , Ko Hwan‐Joo , Khil Jae‐Ho , Shim Bum‐Sang , Kim Bonglee , Kim Sung‐Hoon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThough cornin is known to induce angiogenic, cardioprotective, and apoptotic effects, the apoptotic mechanism of this iridoid monoglucoside is not fully understood in prostate cancer cells to date. To elucidate the antitumor mechanism of cornin, cytotoxicity assay, cell cycle analysis, Western blotting, RT‐qPCR, RNA interference, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, and inhibitor assay were applied in this work. Cornin exerted cytotoxicity, increased sub‐G1 population, and cleaved PARP and caspase3 in LNCaP cells more than in DU145 cells. Consistently, cornin suppressed phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and disrupted the colocalization of STAT3 and androgen receptor (AR) in LNCaP and DU145 cells, along with suppression of AR, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), and 5α‐reductase in LNCaP cells. Furthermore, cornin increased ROS production and the level of miR‐193a‐5p, while ROS inhibitor N‐acetylcysteine disturbed the ability of cornin to attenuate the expression of AR, p‐STAT3, PSA, pro‐PARP, and pro‐caspase3 in LNCaP cells. Notably, miR‐193a‐5p mimics the enhanced apoptotic effect of cornin, while miR‐193a‐5p inhibitor reverses the ability of cornin to abrogate AR, PSA, and STAT3 in LNCaP cells. Our findings suggest that ROS production and the disturbed crosstalk between STAT3 and AR by microRNA‐193a‐5p are critically involved in the apoptotic effect of cornin in prostate cancer cells.
Responsive pillar[n]arene materials
Authors: Tuo De‐Hui , Shi Tan‐Hao , Ohtani Shunsuke , Ogoshi Tomoki 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntelligent materials with responsive behaviors toward external stimuli, such as light, temperature, pH, redox, and solvent have been increasingly fascinating. Reversible noncovalent interactions provide an efficient way to construct stimuli‐responsive materials. Macrocyclic compounds, such as cyclodextrins, cucurbit[n]urils, calix[n]arenes, crown ethers, and related macrocycles, are useful skeletons for constructing such materials through host–guest interactions. Pillar[n]arenes are pillar‐shaped macrocyclic hosts developed by our groups in 2008, in which the repeated 1,4‐dialkoxybenzene units are connected by methylene bridges at the para position. The versatile functionality, easy modification, excellent size‐dependent host–guest complexation, and adjustable electron density of the cavity endow pillar[n]arenes with excellent properties compared with other cyclic host molecules. Moreover, the unique planar chirality and chirality inversion generated by unit rotation make pillar[n]arenes ideal platforms for investigating chirality inversion, induction, and transformation. In this review, we describe stimuli‐responsive topological, optical, chiroptical, supramolecular assemblies, and solid‐state materials based on the host–guest complexation and structural regulation of pillar[n]arenes.
Electrochemical Intercalation and Exfoliation of CrSBr into Ferromagnetic Fibers and Nanoribbons
Authors: Mosina Kseniia , Wu Bing , Antonatos Nikolas , Luxa Jan , Mazánek Vlastimil , Söll Aljoscha , Sedmidubsky David , Klein Julian , Ross Frances M. , Sofer Zdeněk 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecent studies dedicated to layered van der Waals crystals have attracted significant attention to magnetic atomically thin crystals offering unprecedented opportunities for applications in innovative magnetoelectric, magneto‐optic, and spintronic devices. The active search for original platforms for the low‐dimensional magnetism study has emphasized the entirely new magnetic properties of two dimensional (2D) semiconductor CrSBr. Herein, for the first time, the electrochemical exfoliation of bulk CrSBr in a non‐aqueous environment is demonstrated. Notably, crystal cleavage governed by the structural anisotropy occurred along two directions forming atomically thin and few‐layered nanoribbons. The exfoliated material possesses an orthorhombic crystalline structure and strong optical anisotropy, showing the polarization dependencies of Raman signals. The antiferromagnetism exhibited by multilayered CrSBr gives precedence to ferromagnetic ordering in the revealed CrSBr nanostructures. Furthermore, the potential application of CrSBr nanoribbons is pioneered for electrochemical photodetector fabrication and demonstrates its responsivity up to 30 µA cm−2 in the visible spectrum. Moreover, the CrSBr‐based anode for lithium‐ion batteries exhibited high performance and self‐improving abilities. This anticipates that the results will pave the way toward the future study of CrSBr and practical applications in magneto‐ and optoelectronics.