bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular basis of mucosal color
Authors: Kleinheinz Johannes , Büchter André , Fillies Thomas , Joos Ulrich 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
Besides the color of the teeth the color of the alveolar gingiva plays a crucial role in esthetic rehabilitation in dento-alveolar treatment. Whereas nowadays the color of the teeth can be determined exactly and individually, the specific influence of the red color of the gingiva on treatment has not been assessed yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vascularization as the basis for gingival esthetics.

Methods
Standardized photographs of defined areas of the alveolar gingiva in operated and non-operated patients were taken and assigned to groups with same characteristics after color comparisons. In addition, histologic and immunohistologic analyses of gingival specimens were performed for qualitative and quantitative assessment of vessels and vascularization. Finally, colors and number of vessels were correlated.

Results
Our results demonstrated three different constellations of colors of the alveolar gingiva in healthy patients. The operated patients could not be grouped because of disparate depiction. There was a clear correlation between color and vessel number in the alveolar gingiva.

Conclusion
Our investigations revealed the connections between vascularization and gingival color. Recommendations for specific change or even selection of colors based on the results cannot be given, but the importance of vascularly based incision lines was demonstrated.
Pro-inflammatory properties of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL12) in collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: De Klerck Bert , Geboes Lies , Hatse Sigrid , Kelchtermans Hilde , Meyvis Yves , Vermeire Kurt , Bridger Gary , Billiau Alfons , Schols Dominique , Matthys Patrick 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1) is a unique biological ligand for the chemokine receptor CXCR4. We previously reported that treatment with a specific CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, exerts a beneficial effect on the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in the highly susceptible IFN-γ receptor-deficient (IFN-γR KO) mouse. We concluded that CXCL12 plays a central role in the pathogenesis of CIA in IFN-γR KO mice by promoting delayed type hypersensitivity against the auto-antigen and by interfering with chemotaxis of CXCR4+ cells to the inflamed joints. Here, we investigated whether AMD3100 can likewise inhibit CIA in wild-type mice and analysed the underlying mechanism. Parenteral treatment with the drug at the time of onset of arthritis reduced disease incidence and modestly inhibited severity in affected mice. This beneficial effect was associated with reduced serum concentrations of IL-6. AMD3100 did not affect anti-collagen type II antibodies and, in contrast with its action in IFN-γR KO mice, did not inhibit the delayed type hypersensitivity response against collagen type II, suggesting that the beneficial effect cannot be explained by inhibition of humoral or cellular autoimmune responses. AMD3100 inhibited the in vitro chemotactic effect of CXCL12 on splenocytes, as well as in vivo leukocyte infiltration in CXCL12-containing subcutaneous air pouches. We also demonstrate that, in addition to its effect on cell infiltration, CXCL12 potentiates receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation from splenocytes and increases the calcium phosphate-resorbing capacity of these osteoclasts, both processes being potently counteracted by AMD3100. Our observations indicate that CXCL12 acts as a pro-inflammatory factor in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis by attracting inflammatory cells to joints and by stimulating the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts.
Percentage density, Wolfe's and Tabár's mammographic patterns: agreement and association with risk factors for breast cancer
Authors: Gram Inger T , Bremnes Yngve , Ursin Giske , Maskarinec Gertraud , Bjurstam Nils , Lund Eiliv 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Introduction
The purpose of this report was to classify mammograms according to four methods and to examine their agreement and their relationship to selected risk factors for breast cancer.

Method
Mammograms and epidemiological data were collected from 987 women, aged 55 to 71 years, attending the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program. Two readers each classified the mammograms according to a quantitative method (Cumulus or Madena software) and one reader according to two qualitative methods (Wolfe and Tabár patterns). Mammograms classified in the reader-specific upper quartile of percentage density, Wolfe's P2 and DY patterns, or Tabár's IV and V patterns, were categorized as high-risk density patterns and the remaining mammograms as low-risk density patterns. We calculated intra-reader and inter-reader agreement and estimated prevalence odds ratios of having high-risk mammographic density patterns according to selected risk factors for breast cancer.

Results
The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.86 for the two quantitative density measurements. There was moderate agreement between the Wolfe and Tabár classifications (Kappa = 0.51; 95% confidence interval 0.46 to 0.56). Age at screening, number of children and body mass index (BMI) showed a statistically significant inverse relationship with high-risk density patterns for all four methods (all P < 0.05). After adjustment for percentage density, the Wolfe classification was not associated with any of the risk factors for breast cancer, whereas the association with number of children and BMI remained statistically significant for the Tabár classification. Adjustment for Wolfe or Tabár patterns did not alter the associations between these risk factors and percentage mammographic density.

Conclusion
The four assessments methods seem to capture the same overall associations with risk factors for breast cancer. Our results indicate that the quantitative methods convey additional information over the qualitative methods.
Induction of surface CCR4 and its functionality in mouse Th2 cells is regulated differently during Th2 development
Authors: Morimoto Yasunari , Bian Yang , Gao Ping , Yashiro-Ohtani Yumi , Zhou Xu-Yu , Ono Shiro , Nakahara Hirokazu , Kogo Mikihiko , Hamaoka Toshiyuki , Fujiwara Hiromi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractT helper cell type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells express distinct sets of chemokine receptors. In contrast to Th1 chemokine receptors, it is largely unknown how Th2 chemokine receptors such as CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) are induced during Th2 differentiation. Here, we investigated the induction of CCR4 surface expression and ligand responsiveness evaluated by functional assays such as chemokine binding and chemotaxis. This was done in comparison with those of a Th1 chemokine receptor, CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3). Resting T cells expressed neither CXCR3 nor CCR4. CXCR3 expression and ligand responsiveness were observed when resting T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 in the presence of [interleukin (IL)-12+anti-IL-4] and then recultured without T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Unlike CXCR3, CCR4 was induced immediately after anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation in the presence of (IL-4+anti-interferon-γ+anti-IL-12). However, these CCR4-positive cells failed to exhibit chemokine binding and chemotaxis. Although the levels of surface CCR4 expression were not increased after the subsequent reculture in the absence of TCR stimulation, CCR4 responsiveness was induced in this stage of Th2 cells. The induction of CCR4 expression and the acquisition of CCR4 responsiveness did not occur in IL-4-deficient (IL-4–/–) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)6–/– T cells. CCR4 expression and functionality were regained in IL-4–/– but not in STAT6–/– T cells by the addition of recombinant IL-4. Although surface expression and functionality of CCR4 are induced depending on the IL-4/STAT6 signaling pathway, the present results indicate that the functionality of CCR4 does not correlate with CCR4 expression but emerges at later stages of Th2 differentiation.
Loss of Heterozygosity for Chromosomes 1p and 16q Is an Adverse Prognostic Factor in Favorable-Histology Wilms Tumor: A Report From the National Wilms Tumor Study Group
Authors: Grundy Paul E. , Breslow Norman E. , Li Sierra , Perlman Elizabeth , Beckwith J. Bruce , Ritchey Michael L. , Shamberger Robert C. , Haase Gerald M. , D'Angio Giulio J. , Donaldson Milton , Coppes Max J. , Malogolowkin Marcio , Shearer Patricia , Thomas Patrick R.M. , Macklis Roger , Tomlinson Gail , Huff Vicki , Green Daniel M. 
Published: August 2005

Purpose To determine if tumor-specific loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for chromosomes 1p or 16q is associated with a poorer prognosis for children with favorable-histology (FH) Wilms tumor entered on the fifth National Wilms Tumor Study (NWTS-5). Patients and Methods Between August 1995 and June 2002, 2,021 previously untreated children with FH or anaplastic Wilms tumor, clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) or malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (RTK), were treated with stage- and histology-specific therapy. Their tumors were assayed for LOH for polymorphic DNA markers on chromosomes 1p and 16q. Results LOH for 1p or 16q was rarely observed in CCSK (n = 90) or RTK (n = 22). The relative risk (RR) of relapse for patients with FH stage I to IV tumors with LOH, stratified by stage, was 1.56 for LOH 1p (P = .01) and 1.49 for LOH 16q (P = .01), whereas the RR of death was 1.84 (P = .03) and 1.44 (P = .15), respectively. When the effects of LOH for both regions were considered jointly among patients with stage I to II FH disease, the risks of relapse and death were increased for LOH 1p only (RR = 2.2, P = .02 for relapse; RR = 4.0, P = .02 for death), for LOH 16q only (RR = 1.9, P = .01 and RR = 1.4, P = .60) and for LOH for both regions (RR = 2.9, P = .001 and RR = 4.3, P = .01) in comparison with patients with LOH at neither locus. The risks of relapse and death for patients with stage III to IV FH tumors were increased only with LOH for both regions (RR = 2.4, P = .01 and RR = 2.7, P = .04). Conclusion Tumor-specific LOH for both chromosomes 1p and 16q identifies a subset of FH Wilms tumor patients who have a significantly increased risk of relapse and death. LOH for these chromosomal regions can now be used as an independent prognostic factor together with disease stage to target intensity of treatment to risk of treatment failure.
Breast Cancer Prognosis Determined by Gene Expression Profiling: A Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Study
Authors: Espinosa E. , Vara J.A. Fresno , Redondo A. , Sánchez J.J. , Hardisson D. , Zamora P. , Pastrana F. Gómez , Cejas P. , Martínez B. , Suárez A. , Calero F. , Barón M. González 
Published: August 2005

PurposeWe sought to reproduce with quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) the results obtained with a 70-gene expression profile that has been described previously in breast cancer.Patients and MethodsFrozen breast cancer samples from patients who were operated on were used to isolate tumor RNA. Ninety-six patients with stage I to II disease were included. Median age was 57 years (range, 27 to 80 years). Forty-eight patients had lymph node–negative and 48 lymph node–positive disease. qRT-PCR amplifications were performed and the results were correlated with clinical data.ResultsAfter a minimum follow-up of 5 years, 25 patients had a relapse. The gene profile divided patients into two groups with poor and good prognosis. Significant differences with regard to grade of differentiation, size and hormone receptors were seen between the two groups. The gene profile was significantly associated with relapse-free survival and overall survival in the whole group of 96 patients. Multivariate analysis showed that only lymph node status and gene profile were significantly correlated to overall survival.ConclusionqRT-PCR reproduced the results obtained with microarrays for a prognostic gene profile in women with early-stage breast cancer.
Impact of Five Prophylactic Filgrastim Schedules on Hematologic Toxicity in Early Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Papaldo Paola , Lopez Massimo , Marolla Paolo , Cortesi Enrico , Antimi Mauro , Terzoli Edmondo , Vici Patrizia , Barone Carlo , Ferretti Gianluigi , Di Cosimo Serena , Carlini Paolo , Nisticò Cecilia , Conti Francesca , Di Lauro Luigi , Botti Claudio , Di Filippo Franco , Fabi Alessandra , Giannarelli Diana , Calabresi Federico 
Published: August 2005

Purpose To evaluate the comparative efficacy of varying intensity schedules of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim) support in preventing febrile neutropenia in early breast cancer patients treated with relatively high-dose epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide (EC). Patients and Methods From October 1991 to April 1994, 506 stage I and II breast cancer patients were randomly assigned to receive, in a factorial 2 × 2 design, epirubicin 120 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1 every 21 days for 4 cycles ± lonidamine ± G-CSF. The following five consecutive G-CSF schedules were tested every 100 randomly assigned patients: (1) 480 μg/d subcutaneously days 8 to 14; (2) 480 μg/d days 8, 10, 12, and 14; (3) 300 μg/d days 8 to 14; (4) 300 μg/d days 8, 10, 12, and 14; and (5) 300 μg/d days 8 and 12. Results All of the G-CSF schedules covered the neutrophil nadir time. Schedule 5 was equivalent to the daily schedules (schedules 1 and 3) and to the alternate day schedules (schedules 2 and 4) with respect to incidence of grade 3 and 4 neutropenia (P = .79 and P = .89, respectively), rate of fever episodes (P = .84 and P = .77, respectively), incidence of neutropenic fever (P = .74 and P = .56, respectively), need of antibiotics (P = .77 and P = .88, respectively), and percentage of delayed cycles (P = .43 and P = .42, respectively). G-CSF had no significant impact on the delivered dose-intensity compared with the non–G-CSF arms. Conclusion In the adjuvant setting, the frequency of prophylactic G-CSF administration during EC could be curtailed to only two administrations (days 8 and 12) without altering outcome. This nonrandomized trial design provides support for evaluating alternative, less intense G-CSF schedules for women with early breast cancer.
Clinical Outcomes in t(4;14) Multiple Myeloma: A Chemotherapy-Sensitive Disease Characterized by Rapid Relapse and Alkylating Agent Resistance
Authors: Jaksic Wilfrid , Trudel Suzanne , Chang Hong , Trieu Young , Qi Xi , Mikhael Joseph , Reece Donna , Chen Christine , Stewart A. Keith 
Published: August 2005

Purpose To determine whether primary drug resistance or rapid relapse explains the poor prognosis seen in t(4;14)-positive multiple myeloma (MM). Patients and Methods A total of 131 patients treated with high-dose therapy (HDT) were assessed, of whom 19 were t(4;14) positive. We examined the presentation features, chemotherapy responsiveness at presentation and to salvage therapies at relapse, and overall survival outcomes. Results t(4;14)-positive patients had a predominance of the immunoglobulin A isotype (52.6%) but otherwise baseline characteristics were indistinguishable. After treatment with vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone or dexamethasone alone, 17 (89.7%) of the 19 patients achieved a partial response and 11 patients (57.9%) demonstrated an additional 50% reduction in paraprotein after HDT. Thus, t(4;14)-positive patients are chemotherapy sensitive; however, early progression was common, with 26% of patients progressing before HDT and a median progression-free survival after HDT of only 14.1 months. At relapse, a resistance to alkylating agents was evident, with no responses (zero of 11 patients) seen with conventional-dose alkylating agents. Salvage regimens using thalidomide and/or dexamethasone achieved at least minimal response in 59% of patients. The duration of response was short, however, with a median of only 4.7 months. The median overall survival after HDT was 24.2 months. Conclusion We conclude that t(4;14)-positive MM is chemotherapy sensitive but rapid relapse occurs. Resistance to alkylating agents is evident at relapse. The development of novel therapeutic agents is required, including the early clinical study of targeted fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which have shown promise in preclinical studies.
Dynamical Interactions between Solute and Solvent Studied by Three-Pulse Photon Echo Method
Authors: Ohta Kaoru , Tominaga Keisuke 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
This account summarizes our recent work on measurements of the correlation function of the transition frequency fluctuations by a three-pulse photon echo method. The correlation function of the transition frequency fluctuations is a sensitive measure for the magnitudes and time scales of dynamical interactions between solute and solvent. We describe the results of the solvation dynamics of small ions in protic solvents such as methanol and water obtained by an infrared photon echo method.
2-Methoxy-4-nitrobenzenediazonium Salt as a Practical Diazonium-Transfer Agent for Primary Arylamines via Tautomerism of 1,3-Diaryltriazenes: Deaminative Iodination and Arylation of Arylamines without Direct Diazotization
Authors: Saeki Tomoyuki , Son Eun-Cheol , Tamao Kohei 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
1,3-Diaryltriazenes, prepared from a 2-methoxy-4-nitrobenzenediazonium salt and primary arylamines, exist as “azo-transfer” tautomers in which the 2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl group is present on the saturated nitrogen atom and forms a hydrogen bond between the 2-methoxy group and the N–H moiety. The synthetic utility of the diazonium salt as a practical diazonium-transfer agent for primary arylamines via tautomerism of the 1,3-diaryltriazenes has been demonstrated by the deaminative iodination and arylation of the arylamines without direct diazotization. The starting 2-methoxy-4-nitrophenylamine can be easily recovered after the reactions.
Synthesis of α-Carbolines by Copper-Catalyzed Radical Cyclization of β-(3-Indolyl) Ketone O-Pentafluorobenzoyloximes
Authors: Tanaka Kenichi , Kitamura Mitsuru , Narasaka Koichi 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Radical cyclization of β-(3-indolyl) ketone O-pentafluorobenzoyloximes proceeds by the treatment with a catalytic amount of copper powder in 1,2-dichloroethane to generate 3,4-dihydro-α-carbolines, which are oxidized to α-carbolines with chloranil.
Radical Cyclizations of Alkenyl Acylphosphonate Derivatives under Thermal and Photochemical Conditions
Authors: Cho Chang Ho , Kim Sunggak , Yamane Motoki , Miyauchi Hironori , Narasaka Koichi 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The use of alkenyl acylphosphonate and acylphosphine oxide derivatives as acceptors in radical cyclizations was studied under thermal and photochemical conditions, respectively. The cyclizations of alkenyl acylphosphonates under thermal conditions occurred smoothly in refluxing dioxane using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator; the addition of diethyl phosphite increased the chemical yield. Photochemically induced cyclizations of alkenyl acyldiphenylphosphine oxides at 300 nm gave similar results, although a notable difference was observed in one case. The intramolecular cyclization of S-but-3-enyl phosphinothiolformates occurred under thermal and photochemical conditions, providing thiolactones, whereas S-pent-4-enyl phosphinothiolformate afforded the tetrahydrothiophene derivative under similar conditions.
Decomposition Behavior of PCDD/F Isomers in Incinerator Gases under Electron-Beam Irradiation
Authors: Hirota Koichi , Kojima Takuji 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The decomposition behavior under electron-beam irradiation was examined for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD, polychlorinated dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxin) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) isomers in incinerator gases at a temperature of 473 K. Significant decomposition was obtained for all PCDD isomers over the investigated absorbed doses, which resulted from oxidation reactions with OH radicals yielded by electron-beam irradiation. In the case of PCDFs, specific isomers having symmetrical structures, such as 1,2,8,9-, 2,3,7,8-, and 3,4,6,7-TeCDFs, were yielded through the dechlorination of PeCDF isomers. Thermal electrons probably played a role in the dechlorination of PeCDF isomers. Simultaneous formation and subsequent destruction were observed in the electron-beam treatment of TeCDFs in incinerator gases.
Imaging of Charged Micropatterned Monolayer Surfaces by Chemical Force Microscopy
Authors: Koga Tomoyuki , Otsuka Hideyuki , Takahara Atsushi 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Chemical force microscopy (CFM) was applied for the lateral force microscopic imaging of micropatterned organosilane monolayer surfaces with oppositely charged phases using chemically modified cantilever tips. Chemically modified cantilever tips with oxidized mercaptosilane, aminosilane, and unmodified cantilever tip were employed as a tip for CFM. Lateral force imaging of the micropatterned surface with opposite charge was successfully achieved by controlling the pH of the aqueous solution in consideration of the electrostatic condition of functional groups on the cantilever tip and substrate surface.
The role of arbitration of discordant reports at double reading of screening mammograms
Authors: Ciatto S , Ambrogetti D , Risso G , Catarzi S , Morrone D , Mantellini P , Rosselli Del Turco M 
Published: August 2005

Objective: To asses the effectiveness of arbitration of discordant double readings in mammography screening. Design: A retrospective study of 1217 consecutive arbitrations. Setting: A subset of discordant double readings from the Florence screening programme underwent arbitration by a third reader. Results: Positive arbitration of 1217 discordant double readings prompted assessment in 476 cases (39.2%), detecting 30 cancers (6.3%). Of 741 negative arbitrations (60.8%), 311 have been followed up thus far, and two cancers (0.64%) occurred in the site previously suspected at one of the two independent readings. Arbitration had a sensitivity of 86.3% and a negative predictive value of 99.3%. Arbitration reduced the overall referral rates from 3.82% to 2.59% (relative decrease 32.1%). Due to false-negative arbitration, cancers detected per 1000 women screened would decrease from 4.58 to 4.50 (relative decrease 1.7%). For every cancer missed due to false-negative arbitration, 151 unnecessary recalls and €21,248 would have been saved, whereas the saved cost per screened woman due to arbitration was €1.72. Discussion: Arbitration of discordant double reading would substantially reduce referral rates with a limited reduction in cancer detection rate, and may be recommended as a routine procedure. Greater benefit from arbitration might be expected in the presence of high referral rates at independent double reading, a common scenario in a newly implemented service screening.
Fostering interactions: the networking needs of community health nursing researchers and decision makers
Authors: Kothari Anita , Edwards Nancy , Brajtman Susan , Campbell Barbara , Hamel Nadia , Legault Frances , Mill Judy , Valaitis Ruta 
Published: August 2005

English
The purpose of the study on which this article is based was to determine the current extent of linkages among Canadian community health nursing researchers and decision makers and to identify perceptions around the structure and function of potential networks. A qualitative research design was utilised to develop common themes across focus groups, a workshop and key informant interviews. The findings suggest that there is a need for a formal community health network to provide an efficient and timely means to link the expertise required to tackle complex community health policy problems, and to create supports for advancing community health science with relevant and high quality research.