bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimal detectable change in inertial measurement unit-based trunk acceleration indices during gait in inpatients with subacute stroke
Authors: Igarashi Tatsuya , Tani Yuta , Takeda Ren , Asakura Tomoyuki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGait analysis using inertial measurement units (IMU) provides a multifaceted assessment of gait characteristics, but minimal detectable changes (MDC), the true change beyond measurement error, during gait in patients hospitalized with subacute stroke has not been clarified. This study aimed to determine the MDC in IMU-based trunk acceleration indices during gait in patients hospitalized with subacute stroke. Nineteen patients with subacute stroke (mean ± SD, 75.4 ± 10.9 years; 13 males) who could understand instructions, had a pre-morbid modified Rankin Scale < 3 and could walk straight for 16 m under supervision were included. As trunk acceleration indices, Stride regularity, harmonic ratio (HR), and normalized root mean square (RMS) during gait were calculated on three axes: mediolateral (ML), vertical (VT), and anterior–posterior (AP). MDC was calculated from two measurements taken on the same day according to the following formula: MDC = standard error of measurement × 1.96 × 2. The MDCs for each trunk acceleration index were, in order of ML, VT, and AP: 0.175, 0.179, and 0.149 for stride regularity; 0.666, 0.741, and 0.864 for HR; 4.511, 2.288, and 2.680 for normalized RMS. This finding helps determine the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions in the gait assessment of patients with stroke.
The Effect of Perceived Tinnitus Disturbance on Hope
Authors: Grayless Brittany , Combs Jesse , Hausladen Jennifer , Hedrick Mark 
Published: November 2023

Background:Although there are systematic reviews of the effects of tinnitus on quality of life, the relationship of tinnitus to hopefulness has not been examined.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between tinnitus distress and hope by comparing the severity of tinnitus to measures of hopefulness. This was done by comparing the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) to the following hope scales: the Herth Hope Scale (HHS) and the Herth Hope Index (HHI).Method:Patients seen for a tinnitus evaluation in the University of Tennessee audiology clinic completed the TRQ, HHS, and HHI scales. Investigation of relationships between tinnitus assessment using the TRQ and measurements of hope (HHS and HHI) was performed via correlation analyses using Pearson coefficients and linear regression.Results:Significant correlations were found between overall scores on the TRQ and HHS, and TRQ and HHI, indicating that greater tinnitus distress was associated with lower levels of hope. Further analyses showed the HHS and HHI Domain 1, regarding temporality and future, as significantly related to tinnitus distress.Conclusion:Significant correlations between tinnitus disturbance and hope suggest that potential interventions based on hopefulness may be of benefit for individuals suffering from tinnitus.
Extended state observer based fractional order sliding mode control for steer‐by‐wire systems
Authors: Shi Quangang , He Shuping , Wang Hai , Stojanovic Vladimir , Shi Kaibo , Lv Wenjun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, an extended state observer based fractional‐order sliding mode control strategy is studied for vehicle steer‐by‐wire systems (SBWSs). The parameter perturbation and external interference are considered in the dynamic model of SBWSs. A fractional‐order sliding mode control scheme is designed to solve the tracking problem and improve the control performance. An extended state observer is further used to estimate the lumped disturbance, and then the estimated value is considered as a feedforward compensation to reduce the chattering phenomenon. Finally, comparison simulation results show that the excellent steering tracking and strong robustness performance have been achieved by the proposed control strategy for SBWSs.
Electric vehicle charging as a source of nordic fast frequency reserve—proof of concept
Authors: Manner Pekka , Tikka Ville , Honkapuro Samuli , Tikkanen Kyösti , Aghaei Jamshid 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDemand‐side flexibility or demand response (DR) has long been recognized as a potential source of balancing capacity. The charging of electric vehicles (EVs) is a known source of flexible capacity, and the vast amount of charging capacity available can be utilized for valuable applications, including ancillary power markets, by controlling the charging sessions according to the needs of the power system. One identified and unexplored potential market for EV DR capacity is the Fast Frequency Reserve (FFR) market for the Nordic system area. This article proposes and demonstrates that a home charger can participate in this extremely fast reacting ancillary service market with only software modifications made to the charger. The biggest challenge in the FFR market is the response time requirement for capacity activation. When a certain frequency limit is exceeded, the activation must happen within 0.7 s in the worst case. In this study, a laboratory test setup was constructed to test the capabilities of the FFR‐enabled EV charger. The tests were conducted by building a laboratory microgrid capable of changing the grid frequency. Additionally, an economic feasibility study was carried out to evaluate the business potential of the concept in Finland. The economic study included an analysis of the concept's potential with different levels of DR service availability. The laboratory tests demonstrated the FFR capabilities of the charger and as a final outcome of the research, the Norwegian transmission system operator (TSO) approved the tested charger as a type‐prequalified FFR‐providing entity. The economic study revealed that the approach has good business potential, primarily because of the almost non‐existent cost side even if the availability rate decreases significantly.
Primär pigmentiertes malignes Melanom in der Harnblase therapiert mit radikaler Urethrozystektomie und adjuvanter Therapie
Authors: Albarghouth Mohamad Hatem , Bothmann Robin , Hamza Amir 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Das primäre maligne Melanom (PMM) der Harnwege ist eine seltene Entität mit weniger als 50 berichteten Fällen weltweit. Im Nachfolgenden wird der Fall einer 64-jährigen Patientin dargestellt. Diese stellte sich akut über die Notaufnahme unseres Hauses mit einer Makrohämaturie vor. Im Rahmen der weiterführenden Diagnostik konnte ein primäres Melanom in der Harnblase und in der Urethra diagnostiziert werden. Es erfolgte die radikale Urethrozystektomie mit pelviner Lymphadenektomie beidseits mit Ileum-Conduit-Anlage. Anschließend leiteten wir eine adjuvante systemische Therapie mittels Checkpointinhibitoren für ein Jahr ein.
A Novel Pathogenic Variant in the SCA25-Related Gene Expanding the Etiology of Early-Onset and Progressive Cerebellar Ataxia in Childhood
Authors: Ferrera Giulia , Izzo Rossella , Ghezzi Daniele , Nanetti Lorenzo , Lamantea Eleonora , Ardissone Anna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are heterogeneous autosomal dominant progressive ataxic disorders. SCA25 has been linked to PNPT1 pathogenic variants. Although pediatric onset is not unusual, to date only one patient with onset in the first years of life has been reported. This study presents an additional case, wherein symptoms emerged during the toddler phase, accompanied by the identification of a novel PNPT1 variant. The child was seen at 3 years because of frequent falls. Neurological examination revealed cerebellar signs and psychomotor delay. Brain MRI showed cerebellar atrophy (CA), cerebellar cortex, and dentate nuclei hyperintensities. Metabolic and genetic testing was inconclusive. At follow-up (age 6), the child had clinically and radiologically worsened; electroneurography (ENG) revealed axonal sensory neuropathy. Screening of genes associated with ataxias and mitochondrial disease identified a novel, heterozygous variant in PNPT1, which was probably pathogenic. This variant was also detected in the proband's mother and maternal grandmother, both asymptomatic, which aligns with the previously documented incomplete penetrance of heterozygous PNPT1 variants. Our study confirms that SCA25 can have onset in early childhood and characterizes natural history in pediatric cases: progressive cerebellar ataxia with sensory neuropathy, which manifests during the course of the disease. We report for the first time cerebellar gray matter hyperintensities, suggesting that SCA25 should be included in the differential diagnosis of cerebellar ataxias associated with such brain imaging features. In summary, SCA25 should be considered in the diagnostic workup of early onset pediatric progressive ataxias. Additionally, we confirm an incomplete penetrance and highly variable expressivity of PNPT1-associated SCA25.
Single-Stage Surgical Procedure for Patients with Primary Esophageal and Lung Cancers
Authors: Lianyong Jiang , Fengqing Hu , Xiao Xie , Xuefeng Zhang , Rui Bi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of simultaneous surgery for patients with primary esophageal and lung cancers.
Methods Patients with primary esophageal and lung cancers who underwent simultaneous surgical procedures between January 2016 and January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The data of patients who underwent esophagectomy and lobectomy (group EL) were compared with those of patients who underwent esophagectomy and sublobar resection (group ES).
Results A total of 21 patients were included with an average age of 64.62 ± 5.24 years. Group EL contained 8 patients and group ES contained 13 patients. All procedures were completed uneventfully with a mean operative time of 251.19 ± 66.93 minutes. Pulmonary complications occurred in six (28.57%) patients. Other complications included anastomotic leakage in 1 patient, pleural effusion requiring drainage in 8 patients, atrial fibrillation in 2 patients, and incision infection in 1 patient. All patients were followed up for 30.23 ± 21.82 months. During the follow-up period, nine patients had a recurrence of cancer and died of tumor progression, and one patient died of a tracheothoracogastric fistula. Complications and mortality in group EL did not increase when compared to those in group ES.
Conclusion It is safe and feasible to perform a single-stage surgical procedure for patients with primary esophageal and lung cancers. Simultaneous esophagectomy and lobectomy did not increase postoperative complications or mortality compared with esophagectomy and sublobar resection.
Hydatid Cyst of the Cerebellopontine Cistern: Report of Two Cases with Literature Review
Authors: Belfquih Hatim , Akhaddar Ali 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPosterior fossa localization of a hydatid cyst is uncommon; in these cases, the cyst usually locates in the cerebellum. Localization within the subarachnoid spaces or the cerebrospinal fluid ventricular system is exceptional.In the present report, which appears to be the seventh in the literature, we describe two cases of a hydatid cyst in the cerebellopontine cistern. Magnetic resonance imaging findings revealed a nonneoplastic cystic lesion mimicking an arachnoid cyst. The hydatid nature of the cyst was unexpected preoperatively. In both cases, the cyst was successfully removed using the puncture, aspiration, irrigation, and resection technique via a retrosigmoid approach. Histopathological examination confirmed the cysts to be Echinococcus granulosus in nature.Hydatid cyst may be considered in the differential diagnosis of arachnoid cysts of the cerebellopontine cistern to determine which surgical procedure to perform and to avoid unexpected complications. Previous published cases were also discussed.
Evaluation of Early Screening for Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy with Hemoglobin A1c
Authors: Haddad Andrew S. , Fries Melissa H. , Landy Helain , Tripuraneni Priyanka S. , Iqbal Sara N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEarly diabetes screening is recommended for high-risk pregnant women risk via a 1-hour glucose challenge test (1-hour GCT). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) can be obtained with initial obstetric laboratories. We sought to examine the relationship between HbA1c and 1-hour GCT for early diabetes screening in pregnancy.This is a retrospective cohort study of 204 high-risk pregnant women who underwent early HbA1c and 1-hour GCT. Simple logistic regression analysis was performed to predict abnormal 1-hour GCT and diagnosis of diabetes using HbA1c.A total of 158 (77.5%), 44 (21.5%), and 2 (1%) women had HbA1c of less than 5.7, 5.7 to 6.4, and 6.5% or higher, respectively. Seven of 158 (4.4%) women with HbA1c less than 5.7% and 8 of 44 (18.2%) with HbA1c of 5.7 to 6.4% had a diagnosis of diabetes. A positive correlation between early HbA1c and 1-hour GCT was detected. Logistic regression showed HbA1c significantly predicted the risk of diabetes but was not a good predictor of abnormal 1-hour GCT. HbA1c of 5.5% or less had a 97% or higher negative predictive value for early diabetes in pregnancy.There is a positive correlation between HbA1c and 1-hour GCT for the early screening of diabetes in pregnancy. Women with early HbA1c ≤ 5.5% could forego further testing in early pregnancy.
Exact two-component theory becoming an efficient tool for NMR shieldings and shifts with spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Franzke Yannick J. , Holzer Christof 
Published: November 2023

We present a gauge-origin invariant exact two-component (X2C) approach within a modern density functional framework, supporting meta-generalized gradient approximations such as TPSS and range-separated hybrid functionals such as CAM-B3LYP. The complete exchange-correlation kernel is applied, including the direct contribution of the field-dependent basis functions and the reorthonormalization contribution from the perturbed overlap matrix. Additionally, the finite nucleus model is available for the electron-nucleus potential and the vector potential throughout. Efficiency is ensured by the diagonal local approximation to the unitary decoupling transformation in X2C as well as the (multipole-accelerated) resolution of the identity approximation for the Coulomb term (MARI-J, RI-J) and the seminumerical exchange approximation. Errors introduced by these approximations are assessed and found to be clearly negligible. The applicability of our implementation to large-scale calculations is demonstrated for a tin pincer-type system as well as low-valent tin and lead complexes. Here, the calculation of the Sn nuclear magnetic resonance shifts for the pincer-type ligand with about 2400 basis functions requires less than 1 h for hybrid density functionals. Further, the impact of spin–orbit coupling on the nucleus-independent chemical shifts and the corresponding ring currents of all-metal aromatic systems is studied.
Bio-inspired synaptic behavior simulation in thin-film transistors based on molybdenum disulfide
Authors: Wang Yufei , Yuan Qi , Meng Xinru , Sun Yanmei 
Published: November 2023

Synaptic behavior simulation in transistors based on MoS2 has been reported. MoS2 was utilized as the active layer to prepare ambipolar thin-film transistors. The excitatory postsynaptic current phenomenon was simulated, observing a gradual voltage decay following the removal of applied pulses, ultimately resulting in a response current slightly higher than the initial current. Subsequently, ±5 V voltages were separately applied for ten consecutive pulse voltage tests, revealing short-term potentiation and short-term depression behaviors. After 92 consecutive positive pulses, the device current transitioned from an initial value of 0.14 to 28.3 mA. Similarly, following 88 consecutive negative pulses, the device current changed, indicating long-term potentiation and long-term depression behaviors. We also employed a pair of continuous triangular wave pulses to evaluate paired-pulse facilitation behavior, observing that the response current of the second stimulus pulse was ∼1.2× greater than that of the first stimulus pulse. The advantages and prospects of using MoS2 as a material for thin-film transistors were thoroughly displayed.
Diffraction patterns of optical discs under the far-field condition
Authors: Cai Zhuofan , Chen Shijiang , Deng Boyang , Liu Shuqi , Zhao Wei , Zhang Zengming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When optical discs are illuminated, bright-colored lines can often be observed on the surface of them. Starting from the oblique incident grating diffraction model, this paper analyzes the physical mechanism behind the appearance of these colored lines and provides the coordinate expression of the location of the colored lines on the optical disc under the far-field condition. The wavelength distribution of the colored lines on the optical disc under white light illumination is also given by the wave vector relationship of the diffraction process. To verify the theoretical analysis results, an experimental apparatus was designed and constructed to measure the position and color of the colored lines. The experimental data, analyzed through Gaussian process regression and direct comparison, demonstrates a good consistency with the theoretical analysis results.
Doppler effect in the ripple tank: further experiments with a moving source
Authors: D’Anna Michele , Corridoni Tommaso , Sposetti Stefano , Corni Federico 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we extend some recent works about the Doppler effect in surface waves on water. We improve the experimental set up by exploring several situations: source in motion with constant velocity and receiver at rest, source at rest and receiver in motion with constant velocity, as well as both source and receiver in motion. Thereby we produce fractional frequency changes

Δ
f
/

f

0

of the order of 40%–50%, far larger than those obtained by more traditional sound experiments. The experimental setup, the data collection and the data analysis also allow to highlight some aspects relevant from a didactic point of view, in particular, the experimental results clearly show the nonlinearity of the Doppler shift with the moving source velocity.
Red photostimulated luminescence and afterglow in CaS:Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphors
Authors: Iguchi Kazuaki , Nishigawa Yuta , Suda Yoriko , Nanai Yasushi , Okuno Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In afterglow phosphors, luminescence appears and can be observed with the naked eye for minutes to hours or more, even after photoexcitation ceases. Red afterglow and photostimulated luminescence (PSL) at 650 nm are studied in CaS:Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphors. Infrared light at 980 nm from a laser diode induces the red PSL for 990 s. Two types of trap states are found to be present in the phosphors by using thermoluminescence (TL). Deep trap states are reflected in a TL peak in the temperature region of 520 K, and are related to PSL. Shallow trap states reflected in the other TL peak at 250 K are related to afterglow. The intensity dependence of photoexcitation on PSL shows that carriers are more easily accumulated in the deep trap states than shallow trap states. Experiments of electron paramagnetic resonance are conducted to discuss the possible origins of PSL and the afterglow.
A lightweight transformer and depthwise separable convolution model for remaining useful life prediction of turbofan engines
Authors: Li Rongzhang , Zhan Hongfei , Yu Junhe , Wang Rui , Han Kang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The degradation of turbofan engines under complex operating conditions makes it difficult to predict their remaining useful life (RUL), which affects aircraft maintenance efficiency and reliability. To maintain prediction accuracy while improving prediction speed under the limited computing power and memory resources of edge devices, a lightweight Transformer and depthwise separable convolutional neural network (DSCformer) prediction model has been proposed. In the proposed DSCformer method, a probsparse self-attention mechanism with convolutional transformation of the Value branch is developed to improve the efficiency of dot-product, and depthwise separable convolution is employed to extract local spatiotemporal features replace the decoder in Transformer. Additionally, the model’s ability to capture overall trends is improved by incorporating a scaling factor in the Bayesian optimization algorithm, which also accelerates the search for the smoothing coefficient. The evaluation on the C-MAPSS dataset shows that the proposed method achieves a root mean square error of 11.33 and 12.44, as well as scores of 634.22 and 947.35 for predicting FD002 and FD004, respectively, within a shorter training time. These results indicate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art prediction methods under multiple operating conditions for aero engine RUL prediction.
Grain-size adjustment in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 ferroelectric film to improve the switching time in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2-based ferroelectric capacitor
Authors: Yoon Jiyeong , Choi Yejoo , Shin Changhwan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By adjusting the rising time in annealing ferroelectric HfO2-based films, the grain size of the film can be controlled. In this study, we found that increasing the rising time from 10 to 30 s at an annealing temperature of 700 °C in N2 atmosphere resulted in improved ferroelectric switching speed. This is because the larger grain size reduces the internal resistance components, such as the grain bulk resistance and grain boundary resistance, of the HZO film. This in turn lowers the overall equivalent resistance. By minimizing the RC time constants, increasing the grain size plays a key role in improving the polarization switching speed of ferroelectric films.
Predicting CPAP failure after less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) in preterm infants by machine learning model on vital parameter data: a pilot study
Authors: Kloonen R M J S , Varisco G , de Kort E , Andriessen P , Niemarkt H J , van Pul C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective. Less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) has been introduced to preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) support in order to avoid intubation and mechanical ventilation. However, after this LISA procedure, a significant part of infants fails CPAP treatment (CPAP-F) and requires intubation in the first 72 h of life, which is associated with worse complication free survival chances. The aim of this study was to predict CPAP-F after LISA, based on machine learning (ML) analysis of high resolution vital parameter monitoring data surrounding the LISA procedure. Approach. Patients with a gestational age (GA) <32 weeks receiving LISA were included. Vital parameter data was obtained from a data warehouse. Physiological features (HR, RR, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and body temperature) were calculated in eight 0.5 h windows throughout a period 1.5 h before to 2.5 h after LISA. First, physiological data was analyzed to investigate differences between the CPAP-F and CPAP-Success (CPAP-S) groups. Next, the performance of two types of ML models (logistic regression: LR, support vector machine: SVM) for the prediction of CPAP-F were evaluated. Main results. Of 51 included patients, 18 (35%) had CPAP-F. Univariate analysis showed lower SpO2, temperature and heart rate variability (HRV) before and after the LISA procedure. The best performing ML model showed an area under the curve of 0.90 and 0.93 for LR and SVM respectively in the 0.5 h window directly after LISA, with GA, HRV, respiration rate and SpO2 as most important features. Excluding GA decreased performance in both models. Significance. In this pilot study we were able to predict CPAP-F with a ML model of patient monitor signals, with best performance in the first 0.5 h after LISA. Using ML to predict CPAP-F based on vital signals gains insight in (possibly modifiable) factors that are associated with LISA failure and can help to guide personalized clinical decisions in early respiratory management.