bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ghostly Galaxies: Accretion-dominated Stellar Systems in Low-mass Dark Matter Halos
Authors: Wang Chung-Wen , Cooper Andrew P. , Bose Sownak , Frenk Carlos S. , Hellwing Wojciech A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wide-area deep imaging surveys have discovered large numbers of extremely low surface brightness (LSB) dwarf galaxies, which challenge galaxy formation theory and, potentially, offer new constraints on the nature of dark matter. Here we discuss one as-yet-unexplored formation mechanism that may account for a fraction of LSB dwarfs. We call this the “ghost galaxy” scenario. In this scenario, inefficient radiative cooling prevents star formation in the “main branch” of the merger tree of a low-mass dark matter halo, such that almost all its stellar mass is acquired through mergers with less massive (but nevertheless star-forming) progenitors. Present-day systems formed in this way would be “ghostly” isolated stellar halos with no central galaxy. We use merger trees based on the extended Press–Schechter formalism and the Copernicus Complexio cosmological N-body simulation to demonstrate that mass assembly histories of this kind can occur for low-mass halos in ΛCDM, but they are rare. They are most probable in isolated halos of present-day mass ∼4 × 109
M
⊙, occurring for ∼5% of all halos of that mass under standard assumptions about the timing and effect of cosmic reionization. The stellar masses of star-forming progenitors in these systems are highly uncertain; abundance-matching arguments imply a bimodal present-day mass function having a brighter population (median M
⋆ ∼ 3 × 106
M
⊙) consistent with the tail of the observed luminosity function of ultradiffuse galaxies. This suggests that observable analogs of these systems may await discovery. We find that a stronger ionizing background (globally or locally) produces brighter and more extended ghost galaxies.
Limits on the Density of the Lunar Ionosphere: ARTEMIS Observations
Authors: Shen Han-Wen , Halekas Jasper S. , Poppe Andrew R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Moon of our Earth has a tenuous atmosphere, known as an exosphere. The ionization of this exosphere is speculated to possibly form a weak ionosphere. Some radio occultation (RO) experiments have suggested the presence of a dense ionosphere with an electron density on the order of hundreds of cm−3 near the surface. Using in situ measurements from the ARTEMIS mission during 2012–2021, we conduct statistical analyses and case studies to investigate the plasma density at near-surface altitudes. ARTEMIS measurements reveal no plasma densities at altitudes between 10 and 50 km that exceed 35 cm−3, and therefore they provide no evidence for a steady-state or global lunar ionosphere at the level suggested by some RO observations. Density profiles with local time and altitude show higher density in the sunlit sector than in the shadowed sector. These observations suggest that the natural variation of solar wind plasma flux with solar zenith angle plays a critical role in controlling the plasma population near the surface. This research provides a reference for a comparison with RO observations and a statistical view of the low-altitude plasma environment near the lunar surface.
JWST's PEARLS: Transients in the MACS J0416.1−2403 Field
Authors: Yan Haojing , Ma Zhiyuan , Sun Bangzheng , Wang Lifan , Kelly Patrick , Diego José M. , Cohen Seth H. , Windhorst Rogier A. , Jansen Rolf A. , Grogin Norman A. , Beacom John F. , Conselice Christopher J. , Driver Simon P. , Frye Brenda , Coe Dan , Marshall Madeline A. , Koekemoer Anton , Willmer Christopher N. A. , Robotham Aaron , D’Silva Jordan C. J. , Summers Jake , Nonino Mario , Pirzkal Nor , Ryan Russell E. , Ortiz Rafael , Tompkins Scott , Bhatawdekar Rachana A. , Cheng Cheng , Zitrin Adi , Willner S. P. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With its unprecedented sensitivity and spatial resolution, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has opened a new window for time-domain discoveries in the infrared. Here we report observations in the only field that has received four epochs (spanning 126 days) of JWST NIRCam observations in Cycle 1. This field is toward MACS J0416.1−2403, which is a rich galaxy cluster at redshift z = 0.4 and is one of the Hubble Frontier Fields. We have discovered 14 transients from these data. Twelve of these transients happened in three galaxies (with z = 0.94, 1.01, and 2.091) crossing a lensing caustic of the cluster, and these transients are highly magnified by gravitational lensing. These 12 transients are likely of a similar nature to those previously reported based on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data in this field, i.e., individual stars in the highly magnified arcs. However, these 12 could not have been found by HST because they were too red and too faint. The other two transients are associated with background galaxies (z = 2.205 and 0.7093) that are only moderately magnified, and they are likely supernovae. They indicate a demagnified supernova surface density, when monitored at a time cadence of a few months to a ∼3–4 μm survey limit of AB ∼28.5 mag, of ∼0.5 arcmin−2 integrated to z ≈ 2. This survey depth is beyond the capability of HST but can be easily reached by JWST.
The Importance of the Upper Atmosphere to CO/O2 Runaway on Habitable Planets Orbiting Low-mass Stars
Authors: Ranjan Sukrit , Schwieterman Edward W. , Leung Michaela , Harman Chester E. , Hu Renyu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Efforts to spectrally characterize the atmospheric compositions of temperate terrestrial exoplanets orbiting M dwarf stars with JWST are now underway. Key molecular targets of such searches include O2 and CO, which are potential indicators of life. Recently, it was proposed that CO2 photolysis generates abundant (≳0.1 bar) abiotic O2 and CO in the atmospheres of habitable M dwarf planets with CO2-rich atmospheres, constituting a strong false positive for O2 as a biosignature and further complicating efforts to use CO as a diagnostic of surface biology. Importantly, this implied that TRAPPIST-1e and TRAPPIST-1f, now under observation with JWST, would abiotically accumulate abundant O2 and CO, if habitable. Here, we use a multi-model approach to reexamine photochemical O2 and CO accumulation on planets orbiting M dwarf stars. We show that photochemical O2 remains a trace gas on habitable CO2-rich M dwarf planets, with earlier predictions of abundant O2 and CO due to an atmospheric model top that was too low to accurately resolve the unusually high CO2 photolysis peak on such worlds. Our work strengthens the case for O2 as a biosignature gas, and affirms the importance of CO as a diagnostic of photochemical O2 production. However, observationally relevant false-positive potential remains, especially for O2's photochemical product O3, and further work is required to confidently understand O2 and O3 as biosignature gases on M dwarf planets.
Hidden Companions to Intermediate-mass Stars. XIV. Discovery of a 1.8 M
⊙, 0.3 au Companion to Ascella = Zeta Sagittarii A*
Authors: Waisberg Idel , Klein Ygal , Katz Boaz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Zeta Sagittarii is a nearby intermediate mass 13.2 au visual binary. Here we report on a VLTI/GRAVITY interferometric observation that revealed that ζ Sgr is actually a rather compact triple system: the visual primary Ascella (A) is a close equal mass ρ = 10.9 mas ↔ 0.3 au binary. Through isochrone fitting we find masses M
Aa = 1.83M
⊙, M
Ab = 1.81M
⊙ and M
B = 2.03M
⊙. The hierarchy of the triple is low enough to allow for possibly interesting dynamical effects and its ultimate outcome will be a double or triple white dwarf system. We estimate that about 1 Myr ago ζ Sgr passed within a minimum distance of the Sun of 11 pc, rather than 3 pc as previously reported.
La réforme de l’entreprise… impossible ?
Authors: Chatriot Alain 
Published: November 2023

La réforme de l’entreprise a été au XX e siècle au cœur d’un moment modernisateur qui permettait à des sensibilités différentes de se rencontrer sur un projet commun. Mais l’action de ces démocrates-chrétiens, technocrates, gaullistes ou syndicalistes minoritaires s’est heurtée à la fois à des confédérations de syndicats de salariés prises dans d’autres logiques et à un patronat organisé qui ne voulait pas se voir déposséder de son pouvoir. Pour autant, la question de la démocratie sociale reste dans l’entreprise et en France toujours posée.
Les âges de Dante
Authors: Pinchard Bruno 
Published: November 2023

Célébrer les anniversaires successifs de Dante peut apparaître comme un exercice académique dépourvu d’intérêt philosophique. Mais cette inscription de l’œuvre dans une succession de retours permet de rappeler la fonction de la circularité dans une construction mentale qui progresse depuis la conscience explicite de son incapacité à se constituer en cercle ( Vita nuova XII, 4), jusqu’à la célébration ultime de l’amour comme cercle accompli ( Par. XXXIII,143). En suivant cette voie d’inspiration géométrique et symbolique, il devient possible de se placer dans les pas de ceux qui ont célébré Dante en ses anniversaires, d’abord Victor Hugo et Saint-John Perse, pour tenter de prolonger leur effort de synthèse en un dialogue avec l’« éternel retour » selon Nietzsche et « La métamorphose des dieux » selon André Malraux.
La voix de l’abîme. L’herméneutique du mal dans Inf . III, 25-27
Authors: d’Onofrio Giulio 
Published: November 2023

Dans les premiers chants de l’ Enfer , Dante déclare entre les lignes la tâche à laquelle il se sent appelé en tant que « poète chrétien » : d’un côté, il est invité à argumenter avec la rigueur du discours scientifique les vérités fondamentales de la religion ; de l’autre côté, il lui est confié la charge d’entraîner le lecteur dans une lecture anagogique de ces vérités en recourant aux fascinations allégoriques de la poésie. En accomplissant cette mission, Dante obtiendra, pour lui-même et pour les autres êtres humains, cette perfection anthropologique naturelle qui culmine, après la mort terrestre, par le retour aux conditions métaphysiques qui se seraient actualisées en la personne d’Adam s’il n’avait pas péché. Cette conception est déjà opérante dans certaines pages de la Vie nouvelle et du Banquet , mais c’est surtout dans La Divine Comédie que Dante en revient spontanément à ce genre de techniques sur un mode original et particulièrement efficace. On en a un exemple éclairant quand, au Chant III de l’ Enfer , la poésie décrit le tourbillon, apparemment disharmonieux et dépourvu de sens, des sons qui émergent de la cavité infernale, en se basant non seulement sur l’application évidente d’au moins deux artifices rhétoriques déterminés, mais surtout sur l’évocation formellement rigoureuse des règles de la dialectique (selon la terminologie en usage dans les écoles) : le succès de cette opération dépend de la capacité, de la part du lecteur, de retrouver la signification authentique de la terminologie scientifique mise en œuvre en poésie, utilisée pour illustrer les vérités de la foi et la nouvelle beauté de la synthèse entre art poétique et disciplines du Trivium .
Ternarité et Trinité
Authors: Pinchard Bruno 
Published: November 2023

Par son lien insistant avec les formes de la ternarité, Béatrice est moins définie par une théologie trinitaire que par une théosophie du chiffre 9. Certes, Dante insiste sur la relation arithmétique entre le 3 et le 9, mais il souligne d’abord la destination de son aimée à la neuvième place dans l’ordre cosmique comme dans la poésie. Loin de réduire cet échange à un pur maniérisme, on peut se demander si c’est le 9 qui est dans le 3, ou le 3 dans le 9. Il en découle un système de relations entre le dogme trinitaire et la poétique du novénaire qui semble difficile à définir sans un détour par Virgile comme par différentes formes de spéculations apocalyptiques, où Joachim de Fiore est appelé à jouer un rôle essentiel.
Outrepasser l’humain. L’expression de l’ineffable dans le Paradis
Authors: Poirier Jean-Louis 
Published: November 2023

Au Chant Premier du Paradis , Dante fait de la poésie un art de la subversion sinon de la transgression, en lui assignant la tâche de travailler la parole pour en contourner les limites : Outrepasser l’humain , c’est aller au-delà des limites du langage, prétendre aux formes angéliques de la communication. Les anges font une expérience heureuse de l’indicible et se comprennent en silence. C’est dans cet intervalle que la poésie doit se frayer son chemin et faire accéder l’impensable à l’expression, dire l’indicible. Elle doit signifier par des mots (« significar per verba ») ce qui excède toute signification humaine. Nous retrouvons ici la théologie négative et son inventeur Denys l’Aréopagite : quand la théologie, confrontée à l’ineffable, aboutit au silence et à l’apophatisme, la poésie répond à l’appel pour assurer le passage de l’invisible à la figuration. Figuration également négative, qui fait exploser des images « bigarrées », faites de mots pour ainsi dire illisibles. En quoi la poésie a vocation à devenir non figurative.
Medication Adherence in Schizophrenia: Role of Opinion Makers
Authors: Kaur Ramandeep , Sidana Ajeet , Malhotra Nidhi , Tyagi Shikha 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Nonadherence to treatment is a recognized problem and the most challenging aspect of treatment, particularly in first-episode schizophrenia (FES). We aimed to identify a set of individuals in the social milieu of patients as opinion makers who play significant role in influencing treatment-seeking behavior in patients with FES.

Materials and Methods:
Patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition), first episode, were administered with a 20 items semi-structured questionnaire to identify the individuals and their role in treatment-seeking behavior of patients with FES.

Results:
A total of 72 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the sample was 29 years (standard deviation [SD] ±7.35), and the mean duration of illness was 9.2 (SD ± 0.58) months. Our study shows that apart from treating psychiatrists, patient's family members and relatives play a crucial role in influencing treatment-seeking behavior such as treatment commencement, drug dose, formulation, place of treatment, etc., A large number of patients went to faith healers on the advice of family members (34.7%) and also followed the advice of family members regarding the duration of treatment (63.3%) as well as discontinuing treatment (63.3%).

Conclusion:
The index study concludes the role of family members/relatives as opinion makers in the social milieu of patients with FES in influencing treatment-related decisions and affecting adherence to treatment.
Gender Differential in the Choice of Methods of Dying by Suicide in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Adeyemo Sunday Oladotun , Olayinka-Aliu Damilola , Akindele-Oscar Abayomi , Aborishade Richard , Oyafunke-Omoniyi Comfort , Adeleke Oladele , Bawalla Oluwatoyin , Adenuga Ademolu 
Published: November 2023

Background:
The choice of method of dying by suicide can determine the lethality of a suicide attempt, especially among males and females. However, a less attention has been paid to this area of research among Nigerian authors.

Objective:
The objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution of completed suicide across methods of suicide among decedents and to examine the odds ratio of males using hanging or poisoning methods.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective chart-based study was conducted among those who died by suicide and whose cases were reported at the police stations. The data were collected by checking the files at the homicide and suicide departments at the police headquarters in southwest Nigeria. Ethical approval was obtained for the study. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used to analyze the data.

Results:
The results revealed that 78.3% were male, while females were 21.7%. 53.7% of the sampled population died by hanging and 23.2% died by poisoning. 8.9% of the decedents died by self-harm suicide. Suicide choices traceable to mental illness and jumping/drowning were 6.4% and 6.4%, respectively, while suicide by gunshot (1.5%) was less prominent. Furthermore, the result showed that there was a 3% likelihood that a male would die by hanging.

Conclusion:
Males are 3% more likely to die by hanging and are less likely to die by poisoning.
Assessment of Psychological Distress and Perceived Social Support in the Patients of COVID-Associated Mucormycosis
Authors: Takwani Timirkant J. , Odedra Kunjal Maldebhai , Singh Priyam , Chandrani Kalpesh V. 
Published: November 2023

Background/Objective:
Coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019-associated mucormycosis is an aggressive fungal infection with an unpredictable outcome and poor prognosis, including a permanent vision loss. It could potentially trigger and amplify mental health problems, and the social support has been known to buffer the negative impact of such a large-scale stressor on mental health. Therefore, the present study aimed to estimate the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress with the level of perceived social support and correlation between them in patients with COVID-associated mucormycosis.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted on 100 patients of mucormycosis at a tertiary care hospital, and the patients were enrolled by a convenience sampling method on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Depression, anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support with a self-constructed semi-structured pro-forma were used to collect the required data.

Results:
The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was found to be 49%, 80%, and 56%, respectively. 8.0% perceived low, 65.0% perceived medium, and 27.0% perceived a high social support. No correlation between depression, anxiety, and stress with the perceived social support was found.

Conclusions:
Our study highlights the burden of psychological issues in mucormycosis patients. Psychiatric implications can be of paramount importance while dealing with pandemics, and therefore, a routine mental health assessment and timely psychological and social interventions can reduce the adverse impact on mental health outcomes.
An in vitro comparative evaluation of intraorifice barriers and bleaching agents on the fracture resistance of the endodontically treated anterior teeth
Authors: Mehrotra Arushi , Singh Shishir , Podar Rajesh Satyanarain , Shetty Roshan , Salgar Avinash , Kumar Mohan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the impact of different bleaching agents on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth when using either GC Fuji type 2 glass ionomer cement (GIC) or Shofu Glass Ionomer RX EASE as intraorifice barriers (IOB).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 80 single-rooted human maxillary central incisors were prepared and obturated. Three millimeters of gutta-percha was then removed from the orifice. The specimens were divided into two primary groups based on the type of IOB material used: GC Fuji type 2 GIC and Shofu Glass Ionomer RX EASE (n = 40). Each group was further divided into four subgroups based on the bleaching agent used: Carbamide peroxide (CP) 37%, sodium perborate (SP), hydrogen peroxide (HP) 35%, and distilled water used as the control (n = 10). The teeth were subjected to fracture resistance testing.

Results:
The study found that the order of root fracture resistance was control > CP > SP > HP. There was no statistically significant difference in fracture resistance between GC Fuji type 2 GIC and Shofu Glass Ionomer RX EASE when used as IOB materials.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that the choice of bleaching agent significantly affects the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. It was observed that fracture resistance is lowest with HP, followed by SP and CP. Both GC Fuji type 2 Glass Ionomer and Shofu Glass Ionomer RX EASE are effective as IOB.
Innovative ex vivo exploration: A comparative study of novel approaches of root canal filling material removal efficiency
Authors: Gupta Aakash , Showkat Rukhsar , Singh Tarun Kumar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Retention of the natural tooth without any symptoms in the oral cavity is one of the prime desires of endodontic treatment. Root canal therapy usually leads to failure when treatment is not up to the mark of acceptable standards. To address these deficiencies, non-surgical endodontic retreatment is the most accepted option with the success rate ranging from 65% to 83%. Forty-five single-rooted mandibular premolars with undeviated canals (as per Schneider’s criteria) were obtained and divided further into three groups with 15 specimens along with resin-based sealer solvent in each group: Group 1 - Retreatment rotary file system, Group 2 - Ultrasonics, and Group 3 - Diode laser. Specimens were then evaluated under a stereomicroscope at ×10 after cutting in two halves followed by evaluation of the remaining filling material using Hulsmann and Bluhm criteria.

Context:
Nonsurgical retreatment.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of various retreatment techniques for the elimination of root canal filling material.

Settings and Design:
The sample size was determined using the formula n = (Zα/2)2 s2/d2. The design of the study is in vitro experimental study.

Subjects and Methods:
A sum of 45 single-rooted extracted human permanent mandibular premolars were included in this study. All teeth were biomechanically prepared and obturated followed by decoronating the samples. All specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups comprising 15 specimens along with solvent based on the technique for the filling material elimination from the root canal, i.e. Group I: retreatment rotary files, Group II: ultrasonics, and Group III: diode laser.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The Tukey’s post
hoc tests and one-way analysis of variance were used for comparison of the study parameters among the groups.

Results:
Results revealed that ultrasonics showed the least amount of remaining filling material within the root canal which had a significant difference from other groups, i.e. retreatment rotary files and diode laser.

Conclusions:
Ultrasonics with a resin-based sealer solvent can be considered a preferred option for nonsurgical retreatment. However, none of the groups shows complete elimination of filling material inside the root canal system.