bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Brexit voting patterns in the British house of commons: an analysis based on Bayesian mixture models with flexible concomitant covariate effects
Authors: Berrettini Marco , Galimberti Giuliano , Ranciati Saverio , Murphy Thomas Brendan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The results of some divisions related to Brexit held in the House of Commons are investigated. In particular, a new class of mixture models with concomitant covariates is developed to identify groups of members of parliament with similar voting behaviour. The methodological novelty lies in the flexibility introduced by the use of smooth functions to model the effect of concomitant covariates on the component weights of the mixture. Results show this approach allows to quantify the effect of the age of members of parliament, as well as preferences and competitiveness in the constituencies they represent, on their position towards Brexit.
Whose Anthropocene?: a data-driven look at the prospects for collaboration between natural science, social science, and the humanities
Authors: Santana Carlos , Petrozzo Kathryn , Perkins T J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Although the idea of the Anthropocene originated in the earth sciences, there have been increasing calls for questions about the Anthropocene to be addressed by pan-disciplinary groups of researchers from across the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities. We use data analysis techniques from corpus linguistics to examine academic texts about the Anthropocene from these disciplinary families. We read the data to suggest that barriers to a broadly interdisciplinary study of the Anthropocene are high, but we are also able to identify some areas of common ground that could serve as interdisciplinary bridges.
Preparing Figures for Publication in Microscopy Today
Authors: Maleeff Bev , Levey Gennifer , Price Bob 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Microscopic and macroscopic images, photographs, and computer-generated graphics are important components of the content published in Microscopy Today. Each type of graphic requires careful attention to its content and composition, that is, how well the image illustrates the facts being described, and its dimensions, resolution, and color balance. This paper is a brief guide to preparing acceptable content for print and digital publication.
Double-mode RR Lyrae stars observed by K2: analysis of high-precision Kepler photometry
Authors: Nemec James M , Linnell Nemec Amanda F , Moskalik Pawel , Molnár László , Plachy Emese , Szabó Róbert , Kolenberg Katrien 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The results of a Fourier analysis of high-precision Kepler photometry of 75 double-mode RR Lyrae (RRd) stars observed during NASA’s K2 Mission (2014-18) are presented. Seventy-two of the stars are ‘classical’ RRd (cRRd) stars lying along a well-defined curve in the Petersen diagram and showing no evidence of Blazhko modulations. The remaining three stars are ‘anomalous’ RRd (aRRd) stars that lie well below the cRRd curve in the Petersen diagram. These stars have larger fundamental-mode amplitudes than first-overtone amplitudes and exhibit Blazhko variations. Period-amplitude relations for the individual pulsation components of the cRRd stars are examined, as well as correlations involving Fourier phase-difference and amplitude-ratio parameters that characterize the light curves for the two radial modes. A simple statistical model relating the fundamental (P0) and first-overtone (P1) periods to [Fe/H] provides insight into the functional form of the Petersen diagram. A calibration equation for estimating [Fe/H]phot abundances of ‘classical’ RRd stars is derived by inverting the model and using 211 field and 57 globular cluster cRRd stars with spectroscopic metallicities to estimate the model coefficients. The equation is used to obtain [Fe/H]phot for the full sample of 72 K2 cRRd stars and for 2130 cRRd stars observed by the ESA Gaia Mission. Of the 49 K2 cRRd stars that are in the Gaia DR3 catalogue only five were found to be correctly classified, the remainder having been misclassified ‘RRc’ or ‘RRab’.
Probing the small-scale structure of the intergalactic medium with ESPRESSO: spectroscopy of the lensed QSO UM673
Authors: Cristiani Stefano , Cupani Guido , Trost Andrea , D’Odorico Valentina , Guarneri Francesco , Lo Curto Gaspare , Meneghetti Massimo , Di Marcantonio Paolo , Faria João P , González Hernández Jonay I , Lovis Christophe , Martins Carlos J A P , Milaković Dinko , Molaro Paolo , Murphy Michael T , Nunes Nelson J , Pepe Francesco , Rebolo Rafael , Santos Nuno C , Schmidt Tobias M , Sousa Sérgio G , Sozzetti Alessandro , Zapatero Osorio María Rosa 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The gravitationally lensed quasar J014516.6-094517 at z = 2.719 has been observed with the ESPRESSO instrument at the ESO VLT to obtain high-fidelity spectra of the two images A and B with a resolving power R = 70 000. At the redshifts under investigation (2.1 ≲ z ≲ 2.7), the Lyman forests along the two sightlines are separated by sub-kiloparsec physical distances and exhibit a strong correlation. We find that the two forests are indistinguishable at the present level of signal-to-noise ratio and do not show any global velocity shift, with the cross-correlation peaking at Δv = 12 ± 48 $\rm m~s^{-1}$. The distribution of the difference in velocity of individual Ly α features is compatible with a null average and a mean absolute deviation of 930 $\rm m~s^{-1}$. Significant differences in NH i column density are not detected, putting a limit to the RMS fluctuation in the baryon density on ≲1 proper kpc scales of Δρ/ρ ≲ 3 per cent. On the other hand, metal lines show significant differences both in velocity structure and in column density. A toy model shows that the difference in velocity of the metal features between the two sightlines is compatible with the motions of the baryonic component associated with dark matter haloes of typical mass M ≃ 2 × 1010 M⊙, also compatible with the observed incidence of the metal systems. The present observations confirm the feasibility of the Sandage test of the cosmic redshift drift with high-fidelity spectroscopy of the Lyman forest of distant, bright quasars, but also provide an element of caution about the intrinsic noise associated with the usage of metal features for the same purpose.
Next-generation therapeutics for rare genetic disorders
Authors: Sankar Akhila , Y S Ravi Kumar , Singh Anjali , Roy Riya , Shukla Rashmi , Verma Bhupendra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The therapeutic potential of the human genome has been explored through the development of next-generation therapeutics, which have had a high impact on treating genetic disorders. Classical treatments have traditionally focused on common diseases that require repeated treatments. However, with the recent advancements in the development of nucleic acids, utilizing DNA and RNA to modify or correct gene expression in genetic disorders, there has been a paradigm shift in the treatment of rare diseases, offering more potential one-time cure options. Advanced technologies that use CRISPR-Cas 9, antisense oligonucleotides, siRNA, miRNA, and aptamers are promising tools that have achieved successful breakthroughs in the treatment of various genetic disorders. The advancement in the chemistry of these molecules has improved their efficacy, reduced toxicity, and expanded their clinical use across a wide range of tissues in various categories of human disorders. However, challenges persist regarding the safety and efficacy of these advanced technologies in translating into clinical practice. This review mainly focuses on the potential therapies for rare genetic diseases and considers how next-generation techniques enable drug development to achieve long-lasting curative effects through gene inhibition, replacement, and editing.
Unraveling the complexity of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma using multimodal machine learning analysis
Authors: Prince Eric W , Apps John R , Jeang John , Chee Keanu , Medlin Stephen , Jackson Eric M , Dudley Roy , Limbrick David , Naftel Robert , Johnston James , Feldstein Neil , Prolo Laura M , Ginn Kevin , Niazi Toba , Smith Amy , Kilburn Lindsay , Chern Joshua , Leonard Jeffrey , Lam Sandi , Hersh David S , Gonzalez-Meljem Jose Mario , Amani Vladimir , Donson Andrew M , Mitra Siddhartha S , Bandopadhayay Pratiti , Martinez-Barbera Juan Pedro , Hankinson Todd C 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundCellular senescence can have positive and negative effects on the body, including aiding in damage repair and facilitating tumor growth. Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP), the most common pediatric sellar/suprasellar brain tumor, poses significant treatment challenges. Recent studies suggest that senescent cells in ACP tumors may contribute to tumor growth and invasion by releasing a senesecence-associated secretory phenotype. However, a detailed analysis of these characteristics has yet to be completed.MethodsWe analyzed primary tissue samples from ACP patients using single-cell, single-nuclei, and spatial RNA sequencing. We performed various analyses, including gene expression clustering, inferred senescence cells from gene expression, and conducted cytokine signaling inference. We utilized LASSO to select essential gene expression pathways associated with senescence. Finally, we validated our findings through immunostaining.ResultsWe observed significant diversity in gene expression and tissue structure. Key factors such as NFKB, RELA, and SP1 are essential in regulating gene expression, while senescence markers are present throughout the tissue. SPP1 is the most significant cytokine signaling network among ACP cells, while the Wnt signaling pathway predominantly occurs between epithelial and glial cells. Our research has identified links between senescence-associated features and pathways, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MYC, FZD, and Hedgehog, with increased P53 expression associated with senescence in these cells.ConclusionsA complex interplay between cellular senescence, cytokine signaling, and gene expression pathways underlies ACP development. Further research is crucial to understand how these elements interact to create novel therapeutic approaches for patients with ACP.
Tumor location and neurocognitive function—Unravelling the association and identifying relevant anatomical substrates in intra-axial brain tumors
Authors: Shah Kanchi , Bhartia Vinayak , Biswas Chandrima , Sahu Arpita , Shetty Prakash M , Singh Vikas , Velayutham Parthiban , Awate Suyash P , Moiyadi Aliasgar V 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Neurocognitive function is a key outcome indicator of therapy in brain tumors. Understanding the underlying anatomical substrates involved in domain function and the pathophysiological basis of dysfunction can help ameliorate the effects of therapy and tailor directed rehabilitative strategies.

Methods
Hundred adult diffuse gliomas were co-registered onto a common demographic-specific brain template to create tumor localization maps. Voxel-based lesion symptom (VLSM) technique was used to assign an association between individual voxels and neuropsychological dysfunction in various domains (attention and executive function (A & EF), language, memory, visuospatial/constructive abilities, and visuomotor speed). The probability maps thus generated were further co-registered to cortical and subcortical atlases. A permutation-based statistical testing method was used to evaluate the statistically and clinically significant anatomical parcels associated with domain dysfunction and to create heat maps.

Results
Neurocognition was affected in a high proportion of subjects (93%), with A & EF and memory being the most affected domains. Left-sided networks were implicated in patients with A & EF, memory, and language deficits with the perisylvian white matter tracts being the most common across domains. Visuospatial dysfunction was associated with lesions involving the right perisylvian cortical regions, whereas deficits in visuomotor speed were associated with lesions involving primary visual and motor output pathways.

Conclusions
Significant baseline neurocognitive deficits are prevalent in gliomas. These are multidomain and the perisylvian network especially on the left side seems to be very important, being implicated in dysfunction of many domains.
Incidence and survival characteristics of pediatric ganglioglioma from 2004 to 2018, with focus on infratentorial sites
Authors: Chen Yongzhen , Buchanan Paula , Brossier Nicole M , Navalkele Pournima 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Ganglioglioma (GG) is a slow-growing glioneuronal neoplasm, most frequently seen in the supratentorial location in older children and associated with epilepsy syndromes. GG is rare in the infratentorial location, hence we embarked upon analyzing the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) Survival, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to better evaluate GG outcomes by location in comparison to the broader pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) population.

Methods
Pediatric patients diagnosed with GG and pLGG from 2004 to 2018 were included in the study. Their demographic, clinical, and survival characteristics were analyzed using SEER*Stat.

Results
This study describes the largest cohort of pediatric GG, including 852 cases from year 2004 to 2018, with focus on infratentorial sites. Patients with brainstem GG or those with subtotally resected disease were identified as having higher risk of death.

Conclusions
Our analysis highlights brainstem GG as a high-risk, poor-prognostic subgroup and elaborates on the incidence and survival characteristic of this lesser-known subgroup.
Hypoxaemia and risk of asphyxia during underground work in artisanal cobalt mines
Authors: Musa Obadia P , Pyana Kitenge J , Carsi Kuhangana T , Verpaele S , Ndala Nyongonyi A , Kayembe Kitenge T , Katoto P d M , Banza Lubaba Nkulu C , Nemery B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
More than half the cobalt needed for vehicle electrification originates from the southern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), with a substantial part being extracted by artisanal miners.

Aims
To investigate oxygen saturation during underground work among cobalt artisanal miners.

Methods
In a field survey, we measured oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate by pulse oximetry in 86 miners from two underground mines and 24 miners from a surface mine at four different time points: before descent into the mine (T1), at 50 minutes in the mine (T2), upon leaving the shaft (T3), and 10 minutes after having left the mine (T4).

Results
Miners working underground (–36 to –112 meters) were somewhat older (34.8 ± 6.7 years) than those working in the surface mine (32.0 ± 6.5 years), and they worked more hours daily (12.6 ± 1.2 hours) than controls (9.0 ± 0.0 hours). All participants had SpO2 &gt;95% at T1 and T4. At T2, SpO2 dropped below 93% and 80% in 35% and 10% underground miners, respectively; SpO2 was still &lt;93% at T3 in 13%. SpO2 remained stable among surface miners. Later, we showed that underground ambient oxygen levels decreased well below 21% in several pits.

Conclusions
Pulse oximetry revealed relevant hypoxaemia during underground work in a substantial proportion of artisanal miners. Such hypoxaemia without evidence of underlying cardiovascular disease is indicative of low ambient oxygen, due to insufficient mine ventilation. This may cause deaths from asphyxia. The hazards of low ambient oxygen in artisanal mines must be prevented by appropriate technical measures ensuring the supply of sufficient fresh air.
Embodied emissions policies—design options and political mobilization potential
Authors: Jordan Nino David 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The topic of greenhouse gas emissions embodied in products is gaining in prominence and the possibilities for measuring and verifying them are improving. This provides fertile ground for those who demand that climate policy should address such embodied emissions. There are different design options for policies targeting embodied emissions. Such differences affect which groups can be mobilized in their favour. This paper shows that procurement standards which target intermediate products can mobilize the support of relatively low carbon producers of high carbon materials, while product standards which target final products can mobilize the support of producers of relatively low carbon materials and knowledge-intensive service providers.
Even low levels of tree cover improve dietary quality in West Africa
Authors: den Braber Bowy , Hall Charlotte , Brandt Martin , Reiner Florian , Mugabowindekwe Maurice , Rasmussen Laura Vang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Forests are attracting attention as a promising avenue to provide nutritious and “free” food without damaging the environment. Yet, we lack knowledge on the extent to which this holds in areas with sparse tree cover, such as in West Africa. This is largely due to the fact that existing methods are poorly designed to quantify tree cover in drylands. In this study, we estimate how various levels of tree cover across West Africa affect children's (aged 12–59 months) consumption of vitamin A–rich foods. We do so by combining detailed tree cover estimates based on PlanetScope imagery (3 m resolution) with Demographic Health Survey data from &gt;15,000 households. We find that the probability of consuming vitamin A–rich foods increases from 0.45 to 0.53 with an increase in tree cover from the median value of 8.8 to 16.8% (which is the tree cover level at which the predicted probability of consuming vitamin A–rich foods is the highest). Moreover, we observe that the effects of tree cover vary across poverty levels and ecoregions. The poor are more likely than the non-poor to consume vitamin A–rich foods at low levels of tree cover in the lowland forest-savanna ecoregions, whereas the difference between poor and non-poor is less pronounced in the Sahel-Sudan. These results highlight the importance of trees and forests in sustainable food system transformation, even in areas with sparse tree cover.
Gadolinium Concentration Measurement with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
Authors: Marti Ll , Labarga L 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Because gadolinium (Gd) has the highest thermal neutron capture cross section, resulting in an 8 MeV gamma cascade upon capture, it has been proposed for dissolution in water Cherenkov detectors to achieve efficient neutron tagging capabilities. Whereas metallic Gd is insoluble in water, several compounds are very easy to dissolve. Gadolinium sulfate, Gd2(SO4)3, has been thoroughly tested and proposed as the best candidate. Accurate measurement of its concentration, free of doubt from impurities in water, is crucial. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) is a device that suits this purpose and is widely used to measure the concentration of many elements. In this study, we describe three different approaches to measure Gd sulfate concentrations in water using an AAS: doping samples with potassium and lanthanum, and employing tantalum and tungsten platforms.
Effects of upadacitinib on enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a post hoc analysis of SELECT-PsA 1 and 2 trials
Authors: Cantini Fabrizio , Marchesoni Antonio , Novelli Lucia , Gualberti Giuliana , Marando Francesca , McDearmon-Blondell Erin L , Gao Tianming , McGonagle Dennis , Salvarani Carlo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To characterize the effect of upadacitinib 15 mg once daily (UPA15) on enthesitis in patients with PsA from the SELECT-PsA Phase 3 trials.

Methods
Patients with an inadequate response/intolerance to one or more non-biologic DMARD (SELECT-PsA 1) or one or more biologic DMARD (SELECT-PsA 2) received UPA15, adalimumab 40 mg every other week or placebo (weeks 0–24) switched to UPA15 (week 24 onward). The Leeds Enthesitis Index (LEI) and Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) index were used to assess improvement in enthesitis, enthesitis resolution, maintenance of enthesitis resolution and protection from enthesitis development through week 56.

Results
Data from 639 patients receiving UPA15 and 635 patients receiving placebo (including 317 patients who switched from placebo to UPA15) were analysed. UPA15 led to higher rates of enthesitis resolution vs placebo at week 24 (LEI: 59.8% vs 38.0%; SPARCC index: 50.6% vs 31.5%, respectively) and greater improvements in the LEI (–1.7 vs –1.0) and SPARCC index (–3.4 vs –1.9); improvements were maintained through week 56. Improvements were observed after 12 weeks of UPA15 treatment. Over 90% of patients without enthesitis (LEI = 0) at baseline receiving UPA15 were enthesitis-free at week 56, and UPA15 prevented recurrence of enthesitis at week 56 in &gt;80% of patients with enthesitis at baseline who achieved resolution (LEI = 0) at week 24.

Conclusions
UPA15 is associated with a comprehensive improvement in enthesitis, with improvements observed after 12 weeks of treatment. Additionally, treatment with UPA15 was associated with maintaining an enthesitis-free state after resolution and protection against new-onset enthesitis.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT03104400 (SELECT-PsA 1) and NCT03104374 (SELECT-PsA 2).
A review of the medicinal uses and biological activity of Piliostigma thonningii (Schum). Milne-Redh.
Authors: Abubakar Ibrahim Babangida , Malami Ibrahim , Muhammad Aliyu , Salihu Shinkafi Tijjani , Shehu Dayyabu , Maduabuchi Aja Patrick 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
Piliostigma thonningii is a medicinal plant commonly found in Eastern and Western Africa with a potential traditional usage to treat various diseases. Several studies have revealed interesting pharmacological activity of the plant and different phytochemicals were identified. This study critically reviewed the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of P. thonningii.

Methods
Relevant databases including ISI Web of Knowledge, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar as well as databases for these were searched for information using the keyword P. thonningii and its synonym.

Key findings
P. thonningii is majorly prepared in Africa as a decoction, infusion, maceration, and ointment and administered orally or topically to treat several diseases such as malaria, cancer, hepatitis, diabetes, and others. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated activity including antimalarial, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-proliferative, and other medicinal properties. Compounds including piliostigmin, C-methyl flavonols, quercetin, and others were among the active components.

Conclusions
The general use of P. thonnigii in various medicinal forms in Africa presents a great opportunity for the development of innovative research toward the production of natural products and nutraceuticals. Nevertheless, additional studies especially in vivo are necessary to further elucidate the mechanism mediating the bioactivities, especially in relation to the medicinal and nutritional uses.
Deep social neuroscience: the promise and peril of using artificial neural networks to study the social brain
Authors: Sievers Beau , Thornton Mark A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This review offers an accessible primer to social neuroscientists interested in neural networks. It begins by providing an overview of key concepts in deep learning. It then discusses three ways neural networks can be useful to social neuroscientists: (i) building statistical models to predict behavior from brain activity; (ii) quantifying naturalistic stimuli and social interactions; and (iii) generating cognitive models of social brain function. These applications have the potential to enhance the clinical value of neuroimaging and improve the generalizability of social neuroscience research. We also discuss the significant practical challenges, theoretical limitations and ethical issues faced by deep learning. If the field can successfully navigate these hazards, we believe that artificial neural networks may prove indispensable for the next stage of the field’s development: deep social neuroscience.