bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting Emotions in Audio Data of Patients with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Gupta Rohan 
Published: February 2024

As humans, we have an effortless ability and a high accuracy to identify another human's emotions through the tone, pitch and pace of their speech, even the emphasis and stress placed on each word. However, people with a traumatic experience suffering from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), 24.4 million people in the USA, can often repress emotions making it difficult for therapists to identify their patients genuine emotions and to treat them appropriately. Using an upcoming field of emotion detection in Artificial Intelligence (A.I.), I identified the human emotions from speech. Instead of using an audio transcription based model, I opted for a newer image based model, RESNET-18, which is widely used and utilizes spectrograms to preserve the subtleties in speech, critical in distinguishing emotions. To train the model, I used the RAVEDESS dataset which consists of wav files with eight different emotions. I was able to achieve an overall accuracy of 82% (greater than human detection by 25%). Specifically, I achieved 99% for no stress class (happiness), 97% for neutral class, (neutral, calm, and surprised), and 8\5% for stressed class (fearful, sadness, anger, disgust). I also found that the model got an accuracy of 87% when only trained on males, with continued training an overall accuracy above 90% is definitely achievable. In conclusion, it is possible to find the emotions of PTSD patients, and in the future, continued research can help improve the lives of people who are not able to express their true emotions.
Analysis of the New York Subway System using an Adaptive Network Model
Authors: Carino Zachary 
Published: February 2024

Through the use of a Physarum Polycephalum organism and a scaled-down model of the New York Subway System, this study created and analyzed a system of "maximum efficiency". By taking advantage of the capabilities of a Physarum organism, a system reminiscent of the existing subway system was created, with deviations analyzed to find differences in both track usage and overall costs. Previous research regarding Physarum Polycephalum and infrastructure development were relatively separate. This study holds similarities to research done by Atsushi Tero of Kyoto University, but while his team sought perfect replication, this study sought to use the growth patterns of Physarum to create a more efficient system. Using a geographically accurate mapping of the New York Subway System, a scaled-down model of the Subway System was created, with major subway stations represented as oat nodes atop an agar solution in a sterile petri dish. The Physarum was placed within and allowed to grow for roughly 6 days. Following the full connection of all oat nodes, an analysis of the Physarum system was conducted using a ModaCam system. This analyzed system was then scaled up to that of the existing Subway System, and a comparison of the two was conducted. This study concluded that the Physarum system was significantly more efficient than the existing system, using fewer subway tracks and consequentially a lower maintenance cost.
Evaluating the Economic Impact of Changes in Consumer Behavior
Authors: Saraf Krish , O'Malley Chloe 
Published: February 2024

Consumer behavior refers to the methodology used by individuals or organizations when purchasing, using, and disposing of a product or service. Consumer behavior is dependent on five main factors. Those five factors are psychological, social, cultural, personal, and economic influence. Consumer behavior allows producers to determine how to fix or enhance their product to meet the needs of the basic consumer. Marketers primarily study consumer behavior with the idea of understanding consumer thinking when the consumer is purchasing the product. Marketers can then use this information to make advertisements specifically targeted to a common demographic, also known as market segmentation, which then results in more interest built up in this specific consumer base. As mentioned before, consumer behavior relies on the psychological makeup of the person. A consumer generally makes the decision to buy a product by thinking about their need for the product and if they can purchase the product. In a stable economy, consumers have the confidence to buy a product because they have the means to do so. But what if that were to change in the time of crisis? In this paper, my research will talk about how consumer behavior has altered throughout the pandemic and the impact the pandemic has had not just on the economy but the consumer itself.
The Past, Present, and Future of Gene Therapy
Authors: Choe Jeongwoo , Mitchell Kenji 
Published: February 2024

Since 2010, gene therapy has rapidly gained interest as a possible method to cure previously untouchable and incurable diseases. The idea of tackling the disease at its genetic core to prevent the malignance from manifesting in the first place seemed unrealistic at first, but decades of research have started to bear fruit and these untouchable diseases suddenly seem mortal. CRISPR-Cas9, Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, and adeno-associated virus (AAV) therapy utilize different gene engineering techniques to nullify previously incurable diseases. This paper serves as a comprehensive review paper which analyzes the mechanism, advantages, and disadvantages of these three gene therapy techniques. This paper states the genetic scissor mechanism of the CRISPR-Cas9 complex, and its difference from its predecessors, the artificial tinkering of the CAR t-cell therapy method and its subsequent utilization of the host’s immune system, and finally the transduction potential of the AAV gene therapy. Finally, this paper states the current status and clinical application of the three gene therapy techniques, including their medication terminology and target diseases, and helps elucidate the future and potential of these three gene therapy techniques.
Isolation of Health-benefiting Bacteria from Probiotic Foods
Authors: Kwag Dohoon 
Published: February 2024

Probiotic Foods are known to have many health benefits such as bolstering intestinal health, reducing risk to many diseases, and reducing antibiotic resistance, to name a few. Because these foods have so many benefits, I hypothesized that by isolating bacteria from them, these health benefits could be extended to all kinds of different foods. The bacteria of interest were isolated from Great Value Greek Plain Nonfat Yogurt by using MRS medium to encourage the growth of lactic acid bacteria. After several strains had been isolated, they were used to ferment orange juice and carrot juice for about three days. By using HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography), several differences between the original juices and the fermented juices were found. E. Coli Bacteria were tested against antibiotics as well as salt concentrations after being exposed to one of two treatments: fermented juice and non-fermented juice. Through this experiment, I have been able to observe positive results from three bacterial strains. I was able to observe a decrease in antibiotic resistance to ampicillin, hygromycin, carbenicillin, and kanamycin when I exposed E. Coli bacteria to juices fermented by my isolated bacteria.
Is Artificial Intelligence Intelligent Enough to Read Human Sentiment?
Authors: Jindal Rayna 
Published: February 2024

Sentiment analysis is the mining of text which extracts information from the source material and helps a business to understand the social sentiment of their service while monitoring online conversations. Sentiment analysis can apply in any social domain because opinions are central to human activities and prominent influencer of our behaviors. Our beliefs, perceptions of reality, and choices are conditioned by how others evaluate the world. Due to this, when humans need to make a decision, they often seek out the opinions of others. According to GlobalWebIndex, 54% of social media users use media reviews, and 71% are more likely to purchase services based on social media referrals. Therefore, Sentiment analysis is "opinion mining" because it's all about digging into the context of social posts to understand the opinions they reveal. Misleading information has a more substantial effect on society than before. Not only this, but cognitive bias is also systematic errors in thinking, usually inherited by cultural and personal experiences, that can lead to distortions of perceptions when making decisions. Consequently, sentiment analysis can provide you with a broader perspective prior to making a final decision. This research aims to use artificial intelligence techniques for an in-depth analysis of human sentiments. The use cases and dataset used for this research are:

Stock Analysis using FinViz website
Climate Change Analysis using Twitter
Movie review using IMDB dataset

I used NLTK, Vader and Logistic regression machine-learning models and received approx 80% accuracy which shows us it is very promising that Machine Learning can help understand human sentiments and facilitates informed decision-making.
The Cost of the increasing Tropical Storms: Examining the Long Run Economic Implications of Climate Change
Authors: Shah Suhani , Vitalin Marina 
Published: February 2024

Climate change has altered economics profoundly; it impacts major aspects of the global economy and has consequences that can be unforeseeable in the long run. Atmospheric temperatures have been increasing twice as fast since 1981 and it has caused detrimental impacts globally; one being the increase in the intensity and frequency of tropical storms. Humans have contributed about 95% to this warming of the Earth. This paper explores the long run economic impacts of a specific consequence of this pressing issue to further understand the impacts of individual actions. The warming of the Earth has caused an increase in the frequency of tropical storms as well as the intensity. Severe tropical storms destroy agriculture and demolish infrastructure and commercial buildings. This heavily impacts the economy in various ways, and this paper will focus on the impact of long run economic growth of an economy. To combat this issue, the government and central bank can take corrective actions. However, these actions come with their own economic consequences, and it is important to be aware of the outcomes to make an informed decision on critical issues. Through extensive research, it can be concluded that the best course of action is a united act amongst the central bank and the government to grow the economy while combating climate change.
The Limits of AI Content Detectors
Authors: Wu Hongyu , Flanagan Tom 
Published: February 2024

As ChatGPT became a popular and powerful language model used by people worldwide in 2023, the problem of students using it to cheat on schoolwork became palpable. While many existing AI content detectors can detect AI-generated texts, such as GPT-2 Content Detector and GPTZero, the accuracy of an AI content detector in detecting generated essays that have been post-edited by humans is unknown. This research discovered the limitations of the GPT-2 Content Detector and answered the question, “How does human post-editing of AI-generated high school English essays affect the result of an AI content detector?” Ten English essays were generated using ChatGPT Plus based on prompts from high school English teachers. Each essay was then edited in 5 different ways to create pairs of unedited and edited essays. All unedited and edited essays were evaluated using GPT-2 Output Detector Demo, and then the results from the detector were studied and analyzed. It was found that introducing spelling mistakes in generated essays and processing the essays with QuillBot will make the result of AI content detectors less accurate. The findings from this research can be used as a guide for companies developing AI-generated text detectors, making them more accurate when dealing with edited generated text. The findings can also be helpful for schools and educators, because knowing that students can edit essays to bypass AI content detectors, educators can develop new ways to examine students’ writing ability.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Patterns, Causes, and Effects
Authors: Inapuri Medha , Kethar Jothsna , Appavu Rajagopal 
Published: February 2024

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder is a condition that many women suffer during the later phases of their menstrual cycle. To clarify, it is nothing but a severe and less common form of Premenstrual Syndrome. A woman goes through the period cycle every month to prepare for motherhood as she grows older, but the side effects she may experience are not discussed enough since there is usually a discomfort attached to this specific conversation. Moreover, when considering menstrual conditions, most women surprisingly are actually only familiar with PMS. While PMS affects most premenopausal women, PMDD is a condition that can cause much more severe repercussions and has to be recognized. This research paper brings attention to PMDD and provides insight on the causes and effects of this certain condition. A woman suffering from PMDD does not only experience physical symptoms that can have an effect on her daily routine but also has intense emotional symptoms that restrict her control of her behavior. These symptoms can heavily strain a female’s relationships with other people and disrupt her work and/or personal environments. The treatment options available for PMDD currently are temporarily effective, and in fact, experts are still trying to find the exact cause of PMDD to develop a more permanent treatment for the condition. Presently, the best treatment options are SSRIs, and others include hormonal medications and therapy which are helpful in the psychological symptoms of PMDD. This paper explains the extent to which these specific treatments are productive and how they work.
Participants With Acquired Brain Injury Realized They “Could Still Do Things” After a Yoga Intervention: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Weaver Jennifer A. , Richard Abby K. , Press Denny , Gupta Kalpana , Schmid Arlene A. , Stephens Jaclyn A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Importance: Occupational therapy practitioners use yoga in practice to achieve holistic care, and the American Occupational Therapy Association has provided guidance on the use of yoga in occupational therapy. For people with acquired brain injury (ABI), however, it is unknown whether yoga affects occupational performance.
Objective: To explore the perceived impact of an adapted yoga intervention on occupational performance using the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (4th ed.; OTPF–4) for participants with ABI.
Design: Qualitative descriptive study using virtual, semistructured interviews. An inductive, holistic, open-coding process, followed by a deductive process to map open codes to the OTPF–4.
Participants: Nine individuals with ABI were recruited from a yoga intervention study.
Results: The theme generated from the data—“Yoga participants with ABI realized that they could still do quite a bit”—was supported by two major categories from the OTPF–4: Occupations and Performance Skills. Participants described improvements in their functional performance (i.e., motor skills, process skills) and how these factors were synergistically connected to their occupational performance (i.e., self-care, leisure).
Conclusions and Relevance: This study provides novel insight into how functional performance improved so participants could “still do things,” such as engaging in occupations. When participants described improved performance skills, they simultaneously described re-engagement with their meaningful occupations. Participants also perceived an improvement in their mind–body connection, which should be further explored in future studies. This study generated original findings about participants’ perceptions of an adapted yoga intervention as they relate to the OTPF–4.
Plain-Language Summary: This study reports individuals’ perceptions of their re-engagement with occupations and changes in occupational performance skills after participating in an adaptive yoga intervention. We highlight the distinct contribution that adaptive yoga—an intervention modality that can be used by occupational therapy practitioners—may have, using the OTPF–4 to connect the participants’ perceptions about their improvements in occupational performance.
Wedding Customs of the Lampung Pepadun Community in the Perspective of Islamic Education
Authors: Zakia Al Erza Rahma , Pahrudin Agus , Anwar Chairul 
Published: February 2024

Lampung traditional marriage ceremony, in its implementation, the marriage of the Sungkai Bunga Mayang clan community is carried out by Rasan Sanak or Sembambangan (elopement) and Rasan Tuho or Intar Sapon (parental approval). Lampung traditional wedding traditions are still many people who carry out wedding customs that do not comply with applicable customary regulations. In some Lampung wedding customs, there may be certain practices such as very high dowries, exchange of goods that are not in accordance with Islamic law, or certain traditions. who do not have basic Islamic education. This research aims to: Analyze and describe the implementation of the marriage customs of the Lampung Pepadun community in the Sungkai Bunga Mayang clan from an Islamic education perspective. This research is descriptive in nature which is analyzed qualitatively in order to describe or describe the condition of an object and then analyze it. This research was structured based on field research by collecting data through interviews, observation, documentation and from various literature related to this research study. In carrying out weddings, the people of Lampung Pepadun in the Sungkai Bunga Mayang clan community always preserve and maintain the customs of intar payu, intar bright field, intar bright, intar manum and sebambangan. This form of tradition is in accordance with Islamic education, this is because the marriage customs of the Lampung Pepadun people in the Sungkai Bunga Mayang clan community are the formation of a Muslim personality, both containing teachings about personal or community attitudes and behavior, towards the welfare of individual and collective life, in accordance with Islamic education. which is individual education and community education.
Keywords: Wedding Customs of Lampung, Islamic Education, Lampung Pepadun Community
Correlation between body mass index with scoliosis: a narrative review
Authors: Ida Ayu Jelantik Ari Parmitha  , Kinandana Gede Parta , Andayani Ni Luh Nopi , Fridayani Kadek Yuni 
Published: February 2024

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is a score that is assessed by a person's weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. If a person does not maintain a normal BMI and activity frequency, it will impact various disease risks, including bone problems, one of which is scoliosis. Scoliosis is a disorder that causes an indentation in the vertebrae or spine in the form of sideways or lateral deviation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between body mass index and scoliosis.
Methods: This study used a literature review study method or literature review from five English-language journals that were relevant to the relationship between BMI with scoliosis. The journal searched Google Scholar, PubMed, and Pedro with the keywords “Scoliosis,” “Body Mass Index,” “Spine,” “Correlation,” and “Relationship.”
Results: From five studies discussing the relationship between BMI with scoliosis, it was found that all journals showed a relationship between BMI with scoliosis. This is associated with several factors, such as gender, diet, and others.
Conclusion: Based on the literature that has been collected along with the previous discussion, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between BMI and scoliosis.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Passing Bawah Bola Voli Melalui Media Dinding Di Kelas IX Siswa SMP Negeri 2 Muara Bungo
Authors: Perina Lisye 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The problem in this study is the mastery of the underhand passing technique which is not optimal. This is because when performing the underhand passing technique the two arms are not tight and straight as required to perform the correct underpassing technique. This study aims to try out the volleyball passing modification method which is expected to improve student learning outcomes. Learning volleyball passing is expected to increase the maximum completeness criteria (KKM). This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR). This research was conducted in two cycles, each cycle consisting of planning, implementation, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this research were 20 students of Class IX at SMP Negeri 2 Muara Bungo.
Data on the results of learning to pass volleyball in class IX students were obtained through performance tests, observation sheets used to collect data on student activities in participating in the learning process of passing volleyball with the media wall. The results of the study showed that the results of learning to pass volleyball using wall media for Class IX students at SMP Negeri 2 Muara Bungo can improve learning outcomes so that they can achieve KKM scores. The increase in student learning outcomes for Class IX students at SMP Negeri 2 Muara Bungo can be seen from the significant increase from cycle I to cycle II. This can be seen from the increase in learning outcomes from cycle I to cycle II. In cycle I 60% in the complete category the number of students who completed was 12 students. In cycle II there was an increase in students in the complete category of 90% with the number of students who completed being 18 students.
Keywords: Passing, Volleyball, wall media, Grade IX students