bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zbrodnia bez motywu. Foucault i problem poczytalności w psychiatrii i sądownictwie XIX wieku
Authors: Ozimek Mateusz 
Published: December 2023

W artykule przedstawiam opisywany przez Michela Foucaulta problem zbrodni pozbawionej motywu na przykładzie dwóch przypadków z pierwszej połowy XIX wieku — Pierre’a Rivière’a oraz Henrietty Cornier. Przypadki te analizuję pod kątem strategii władzy, jakie przyjęła psychiatria oraz system prawny w zetknięciu z Innym, który popełnił niewytłumaczalną zbrodnię, a którego nie można było przypisać do żadnej z uznanych przez naukę odmian szaleństwa. Przedstawiam również impas pomiędzy dyskursem medycznym i prawnym jako przykład problematyzacji, czyli metody używanej przez Foucaulta w ostatnich latach jego pracy naukowej. Jedną z konsekwencji starań psychiatrii o rozwiązanie problemu zbrodni bez motywu było wytworzenie instynktów i popędów jako obiektów poznania naukowego, co pokazuje, że obiekty takie powstawać mogą na styku różnych relacji władzy, a nawet mogą zostać wytworzone bezpośrednio jako instrumenty do realizacji celów władzy.
Ensayos para evaluar la trabajabilidad de la madera de Alnus nepalensis D. Don
Authors: Merino López Jonathan Alexis , Yaguache Ordóñez Luis Alfredo , Ruales Segarra Manuel Guillermo 
Published: December 2023

El estudio se realizó en el Centro de la Madera de la Universidad Nacional de Loja con el objetivo de evaluar la trabajabilidad de la madera de Alnus nepalensis D. Don (aliso) mediante ensayos de cepillado, lijado, taladrado y torneado, de acuerdo a lo establecido en las normas ASTM-D 1999.87 (ASTM, 1999). Las probetas para los ensayos se sometieron a dos condiciones de secado, un programa de secado al aire libre y otro en condiciones controladas en un secador solar. Las probetas fueron secadas durante 90 días y los resultados mostraron qué, el contenido de humedad es significativamente diferente entre los dos programas de secado, resultando de 7.85 % para las probetas del secador solar y 14.12 % para las probetas de secado al aire libre. De acuerdo con la trabajabilidad de la madera, las probetas presentaron grano arrancado y levantado durante el cepillado, en el lijado se obtuvo una superficie lisa sin defectos por rayaduras ni grano velloso, en el taladrado se obtuvieron mejores resultados con la broca para metal y el torneado presentó defectos por grano arrancado dejando una textura con aspereza. Como conclusión podemos decir que no existe diferencia significativa de resultados de trabajabilidad entre las probetas con diferentes contenidos de humedad, probablemente por ser una especie de densidad media (0.46 g.cm3), por lo tanto, es una especie altamente recomendable para la carpintería, ebanistería y estructuras simples.
SPEECH DEVELOPMENT IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Mance Nina , Lamot Barbara 
Published: December 2023

Speech development is a complex process influenced by various factors, which are very important. From birth, a child is surrounded by sounds coming from the environment, and for them to be able to produce sounds themselves, they need time and interaction with others. A child often experiences the first interaction with the parents, whose role is to provide the child with a safe and stimulating speaking environment and care for his speech development. As the child grows, they get to know other people, most often the teacher and the children in the educational groups with whom they interact. However, there are children who, despite proper cognitive development, proper hearing, and good health, show certain deviations from proper language development. It is considered that these children follow the course of regular language development, only that it develops more slowly than in children who do not belong to this group. Significant deviations from proper language development make it difficult for children to communicate already in the early years of life, which ultimately results in lower achievements in school.
It is a well-known fact that children acquire knowledge through play, which, in addition to being interesting and fun, provides great benefits. In addition to the environment, language games play an important role in developing speech and speaking skills. Playing language games affects the child’s activity and speech training, especially if the child is faced with articulation or other speech disorders already at an early age. The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of the importance of language games in preschool and the child’s environment for their normal and overall development. Language games can precisely enable such children to successfully solve challenges.
An Orientalist Today: Jonathan A.C. Brown's Thoughts on Hadith
Authors: Pulungan Nur Hamidah 
Published: December 2023

The term "Orientalist" refers to scholars, mostly from the West, who specialize in studying Eastern cultures, including Islamic texts such as the Quran and Hadith. This study explores the views of a contemporary Orientalist, namely Jonathan Andrew Cleveland Brown, on Hadith. Grounding on Brown's works on hadith and related topics as the main data, this study found that Brown has introduced a distinctive concept known as “the canonization theory”, typically applied as a stage in the cult or development of the Bible and Torah. Brown has applied the theory to explore the history of the books of hadith composed by Bukhari and Muslim. His perspective ultimately supports the consensus of Muslim scholars who consider Sahih Bukhari and Muslim as the primary source of Islamic law after the Quran. The canonization of Sahihain has undergone extensive study and critique from hadith experts. The reception of Sahih Bukhari has also experienced dynamics, such as the rejection by the Naisabur community, who favored Sahih Muslim, until Sahih Bukhari was established as the foremost reference on hadith, inspiring the development of a new epistemology in the study of hadith. Overall, Brown advocates for a balanced approach to Hadith, respecting Islamic tradition while maintaining a critical and scientific perspective in understanding and interpreting hadith.
A smart combination of IoT and blockchain enabling technologies to measure and improve workplace safety in dairy farm
Authors: Verde Maria Teresa , Bonavolontà Francesco , Liccardo Annalisa , Lamonaca Francesco , Di Stasio Emilio , Raimondi Giampaolo 
Published: December 2023

In 2022, there was a 25.77 % increase in work-related accidents reported in Italy, including 1090 with a fatal outcome. Legislative Decree 81/100 regulates worker safety and requires employers to assess risks and implement necessary interventions. When risks cannot be eliminated, employers must provide appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). However, safety management requires large investments and supervision to ensure proper use of PPE. The current regulatory system, which focuses on punishing noncompliance with safety requirements, has been insufficient in deterring workplace accidents. To address this, the National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL), is introducing incentives and substantial discounts on insurance costs for companies that carry out preventive actions. In this paper, the authors propose an innovative tool that leverages IoT and Blockchain technologies to record safety-related events in an immutable and transparent way, quantifying the level of achieved safety. They suggest setting up a system consisting of PPE with RFID technology and an automated surveillance agent to record operations and issue consents. The number of events recorded in Blockchain can quantify the degree of achieved safety.
Tomography-based Digital Twin of Nd-Fe-B Permanent Magnets
Authors: Bolyachkin Anton , Dengina Ekaterina , Kulesh Nikita , Tang Xin , Sepehri-Amin Hossein , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Hono Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Many functional materials are designed at the multiscale level. To properly simulate their physical properties, large and sophisticated computer models capable of replicating the microstructure with nm-level accuracy are required. This is the case for permanent magnets, for which there is a long-standing problem of a significant offset between simulated and experimental coercivity. To overcome this problem and resolve the Brown paradox, we developed a novel approach to construct large-scale finite element models based on the microstructure tomography. It was applied to ultrafine-grained Nd-Fe-B magnets for which, besides the shape, size, and packing of the grains, we reconstructed individual regions of thin intergranular phase separated by triple junctions. Such micromagnetic model managed to reproduce not only experimental coercivity but also its mechanism according to the angular dependence of coercivity. Furthermore, a remarkable role of thin triple junctions as nucleation centers for magnetization reversal was revealed. Proposed digital twins of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets can assist their optimization towards an ultimate coercivity, while the developed tomography-based approach can be adapted to a wide range of polycrystalline materials.
Machine learning to predict untreated dental caries in adolescents
Authors: Bomfim Rafael Aiello 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective. This study aimed to predict adolescents with untreated dental caries through a machine-learning approach using three different algorithms.
Methods. Data came from an epidemiological survey in the five largest cities in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, consumption of unhealthy foods and behaviours (use of dental floss and toothbrushing) were collected using Sisson's theoretical model, in 615 adolescents. For the machine learning, three different algorithms were used: 1) XGboost; 2) decision tree and 3) logistic regression. The epidemiological baseline was used to train and test predictions to detect individuals with untreated dental caries, through eight main predictor variables. Analyzes were performed using the R software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). The Ethics Committee approved the study.
Results. For the 615 adolescents, xgboost performed better with an area under the curve (AUC) of 84% versus 81% for the decision tree algorithm. The most important variables were the use of dental floss, unhealthy food consumption, self-declared race and exposure to fluoridated water.
Conclusions. Family health teams can improve the work process and use artificial intelligence mechanisms to predict adolescents with untreated dental caries, and, in this way, schedule dental appointments for the treatment of adolescents earlier.
Phytocphytochemical Profiles of Rhoicissus Tridentata Harvested From the Slopes of Mountain Elgon, Uganda
Authors: Kudamba Ali , Kasolo Josephine N. , Bbosa Godfrey S. , Lugaajju Allan , Wabinga Henry , Niyonzima Nixon , Ocan Moses , Damani Ali M. , Kafeero Hussein M. , Ssenku Jamilu E. , Okurut Shaban A. , Lubowa Muniiru , Walusansa Abdul , Muwonge Haruna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Prostate cancer remains a formidable threat in Uganda. As such, the quest to find novel, efficacious therapies with reduced side effects to avert this challenge is still ongoing. Medicinal plants are taking center stage in these efforts. In the Elgon sub-region of Eastern Uganda, Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) is one of the medicinal plants commonly used in the management of prostate cancer among communities and traditional herbalists but its phytochemical profiles responsible for toxicity activity have not fully been investigated. This impedes the potential usefulness of R. tridentata in developing improved anticancer biotherapeutics.to find novel, efficacious therapies with reduced side effects to avert this challenge is still ongoing. The current study investigated the phytochemical compositions of aqueous and methanol extracts of Rhoicissus tridentata used in the management of prostate harvested from the Elgon sub-region. Methods The root tubers were harvested from the mountain Elgon sub-region, identified and authenticated, cleaned, air-dried, pounded, and subjected to qualitative phytochemical profiling and spectrophotometry. The laboratory experiments were conducted at Islamic University in Uganda, Uganda Natural Chemotherapeutics Laboratories, and Makerere University. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with STATA version 15.0 software. Graphs were plotted using GraphPad Prism® version 9.0.0. Results The researchers found that Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) root tuber extracts were very rich in a number of phytochemical compounds that dissolve better in methanol than in ethanol. Polyphenols, tannins, glycosides, carotenoids, and flavonoids were significantly higher in methanol than in ethanol and water (p = 0.0022), while saponins were substantially higher in water (p = 0.0022). Conclusions Root tubers of Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) had several bioactive compounds, with the majority found in methanol as compared to water extract. The bioactive compounds observed were mainly polyphenols and flavonoids, and these have been reported to possess reputable anticancer properties. To help the pharmaceutical industry develop novel and more potent anticancer medications from plants such as R. tridentata, it is necessary to undertake in vitro and in vivo investigations on the plant extracts and to purify and characterize the most bioactive compounds.
Use of nano-silica as a supplementary cementitious material in recycled aggregate concrete: Hydration characteristics, mechanical properties and microstructure assessment
Authors: Chen Guofu , Pu Taohong , Ma Jingyue , Li Zhukai , Zhang Qin , Cheng Ziyang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Replacement of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) with recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) is an ideal solution to recycle and utilize the huge amount of construction and demolition wastes (CDW). However, due to the relatively higher porosity and cracking of RCA, its application in the construction industry is restricted. In this study, the RCA was used to completely replace natural coarse aggregate (NCA) for preparation of recycled aggregate concrete (RC). The effects of nano-SiO2 (NS) on the hydration characteristics, mechanical properties and permeability and microstructure of RC were investigated by a range of analytical techniques. The results indicated that the incorporated of NS promoted the hydration progress and enhanced the compressive strength at different ages, while it adversely affected the fluidity. Moreover, the microstructure showed less content of calcium hydroxide and dense interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between RCA and matrix in the RC reinforced by NS due to the nucleation effect and the pozzolanic reaction, thus increased the resistance to chloride penetration and capillary water absorption. The maximum efficiency was obtained when 3% NS was used. This method provides the possibility to use 100% RCA in concrete and helps to maintain the better mechanical properties and durability of RC for a longer period.
Comparative analysis of thoracoscopic and open extrapleural surgery in the treatment of neonatal type III esophageal atresia
Authors: Liao Yu , Qing Xudong , Zhao Xiaohuan , Zheng Zebing , Tang Chengyan , Du Qing , Zhu Daiwei , Zhou Wankang , Liu Yuanmei , Jin Zhu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective To investigate the efficacy of both transthoracoscopic and open thoracic surgical approaches in the treatment of neonatal type III esophageal atresia, to compare the feasibility of the two surgical approaches and to provide a reference for clinical treatment.
Methods Clinical data for 73 patients with type III esophageal atresia admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January 2016 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into an open-chest group (n=21 patients) and a lumpectomy group (n=52 patients) according to the surgical method. Numerous perioperative observations and postoperative complication rates were compared between the two groups of children.
Results Operating time [(156.10.10±9.02) min vs. (144.10±6.66) min], anesthesia time［（206.10.10±12.11）min VS（197.50±15.97）min］,surgical bleeding [(5.86±1.24) ml vs. (2.98±1.38) ml], and incision length [(6.68±0.56) cm vs. (1.12±0.16) cm] were significantly different between the open-chest and lumpectomy groups. Postoperative differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conversely, differences in length of postoperative hospital stay, postoperative drainage tube removal time, and postoperative complication rate between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). In the lumpectomy group, there were 11 cases of anastomotic stricture (21.15%), 9 cases of anastomotic leak (17.31%) and 3 cases of recurrent tracheo-esophageal fistula (5.77%). In the open group, there were 5 cases of anastomotic stenosis (23.81%), 4 cases of anastomotic leakage (19.05%) and 2 cases of tracheo-esophageal fistula recurrence (9.52%). The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion Compared with the open-heart surgical approach, thoracoscopy is a safe and minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of type III CEA, and is advantageous in that the operative field is larger, the procedure is more precise and the postoperative recovery is faster.
Higher severity fire increases the long-term competitiveness of pyrophytes in an upland oak-pine forest, Kentucky, USA
Authors: Culbert Scott , Arthur Mary A. , Cotton Claudia A. , Muller Jacob J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background In many eastern North American forests and woodlands, formerly dominant oaks (Quercus spp. L.) and pines (Pinus spp. L.) are experiencing widespread regeneration challenges and biodiversity loss. These changes are due to past land use and widespread fire exclusion, facilitating positive feedbacks that reduce the effectiveness of low-severity prescribed fire. High-severity fires (wildfires and potentially prescribed burns) offer promise to overcome these feedbacks and assist in ecosystem restoration. In 2010, a 670 ha mixed-severity wildfire burned in the Daniel Boone National Forest in Kentucky, USA, providing a rare opportunity to track oak-pine vegetation community recovery across a wide fire severity spectrum. We examined the effects of burn severity on species diversity, forest structure, community assemblage, stem recruitment into the midstory (2–10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH); 0.79–3.94 in DBH) and canopy (10 + cm DBH; 3.94 + in DBH), and non-native invasive plant (NNIP) populations.Results After 12 years, burn severity was positively related to midstory recruitment of yellow pine (Pinus echinata Mill., P. rigidia Mill., P. virginiana Mill.) and unrelated to recruitment of oak and mesophytic species. Burn severity was negatively related to the relative importance of midstory mesophyte species and positively related to the relative importance of midstory pyrophyte species. Increased burn severity dramatically increased the probability of invasive species presence, particularly Chinese silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis Andersson).Conclusions Earlier results found that up to six years post-fire, burn severity was significantly and positively related to oak sapling recruitment. Our results indicate that, 6 years later, higher burn severity was no longer associated with oak midstory recruitment but was associated with increased recruitment and importance of other pyrophytic species, particularly yellow pines. Our results also suggest that a single high-severity fire can provide long-term recruitment benefits to yellow pine species and increase the competitive status of pyrophytes relative to mesophytes. To re-stimulate recruitment of oak into the midstory, it may be necessary to reintroduce fire between six and 12 years following a high-severity burn. This research demonstrates the benefits of higher-severity fire for restoring fire-adapted communities, though the proliferation of NNIPs severely undermines these benefits.
α-Klotho Prevents Diabetic Retinopathy by Reversing the Senescence of Macrophages
Authors: Li Qingbo , Wang Peiyu , Xu Manhong , Gong Yi , Wang Manqiao , Luan Rong , Li Jiaxin , Liu Juping , Li Xiaorong , shao yan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a significant cause of acquired blindness in the working-age population worldwide. Aging is considered an important risk factor for its development. Macrophages in aged mice bear typical M2 marker proteins but simultaneously express a pro-inflammatory factor profile. This may explain why the level of intraocular inflammation does not decrease during proliferative diabetic retinopathy despite the occurrence of neovascularization and fibrosis (M2 activation). Our studies demonstrate that senescent macrophages are involved in the pathogenic mechanism of DR for the first time. α-Klotho (KL) is a well-established longevity protein. However, the role of KL in DR pathophysiology has not been previously reported. In vivo diabetic mice models showed a strong protective effect of KL on retinal structure and function in conditions of DM. Furthermore, the data suggested that KL alleviates DM-induced retinal macrophage senescence by downregulating HECTD1 and decreasing IRS1 ubiquitination and degradation. These results show that modulation of KL expression is an exciting and viable target for DR.
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Brain Function, and Psychiatric Diagnoses in a Large Adult Clinical Cohort
Authors: Keator David , Salgado Frank , Madigan Caroline , Murray Sydnyy , Norris Stephanie , Amen Daniel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with higher rates of psychiatric illness in adults. Neuroimaging studies have previously identified regional volume, functional connectivity, and altered blood flow as a function of increasing ACEs in relatively small samples. Thus far, no study has evaluated a large adult clinical population to identify which brain functional associations may be mediators between ACEs and an adult psychiatric diagnosis. This study aims to understand the relationship between ACEs and adult brain function in a large clinical cohort (N=7275) using HMPAO SPECT scans at rest and during a concentration task, to gain insight into the common brain functional patterns associated with increasing ACEs in adults with varying degrees of mental health illnesses. We evaluate how patient-reported ACEs are associated with brain function in adults, across diagnoses. We then evaluate the risk of being diagnosed with specific classes of mental health conditions as a function of increasing ACEs, along with understanding which specific ACE questions were statistically related to each diagnosis in this cohort. To evaluate how brain function, in association with ACEs might influence an adult psychiatric diagnosis, we performed mediation analyses where brain functional regions of interest act as mediators between patient-reported ACEs and each diagnosis. Broadly, we found increased function in cognitive control and default mode networks and decreased function in areas of the dorsal striatum and cerebellum. We found that having more ACEs increases the risk of being diagnosed with a variety of mental health conditions that generally fall into anxiety-related disorders, substance abuse-related disorders, and depression. Further, we found many of the regions implicated in the neuroimaging analyses are potential mediators between ACEs and an adult psychiatric diagnosis.