bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further study on the use of uncharged β‐cyclodextrin polymer in capillary electrophoresis: Enantiomeric separation of some α‐hydroxy acids
Authors: Fanali Salvatore , Aturki Zeineb 
Published: May 2005

AbstractUncharged β‐cyclodextrin polymer was used as chiral selector for the enantiomeric separation of some α‐hydroxy acids by capillary electrophoresis. Complexation and enantiomeric resolution of mandelic acid, m‐hydroxy and p‐hydroxymandelic acid, 3,4‐dihydroxymandelic acid, as well as 2‐ and 3‐phenyllactic acid were studied, changing the concentration of the β‐cyclodextrin polymer added to the background electrolyte at different pH in the range of 4.5–7. Furthermore, the effects of the concentration of the background electrolyte, column temperature, and applied voltage on chiral resolution were also examined. The best enantiomeric separations were obtained using a background electrolyte at pH 6 containing 100 mg/mL of β‐cyclodextrin polymer.
Repetitive sequence fingerprinting in the long range mapping of mammalian genomes
Authors: Hamvas Renata M. J. , Lehrach Hans R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis review presents some properties of interspersed repeats, particularly human and mouse repeats, and shows how these have been utilized in long‐range genome mapping. The link between the distribution of such repeats and their relationship with genome organization is discussed.
Oligonucleotide (CAC)5 fingerprinting: Validity and reliability in paternity testing
Authors: Papiha Surinder S. , Sertedaki Amalia 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFollowing the developments of DNA fingerprinting (Jeffreys et al., Nature 1985, 314, 67–73) using the minisatellite probes 33.15 and 33.6, many other fingerprinting probes have been described. The wide type M13 phage, 3′ HVR region of alpha globin gene, F10 and various synthetic oligonucleotide probes have been shown to produce multiallelic and individual specific DNA fingerprints. The two probes developed by Jeffreys et al. have been extensively used in forensic and paternity determination in various laboratories, however, for the use of DNA fingerprints produced by synthetic oligonucleotide probes, still need critical evaluation. In this paper the statistical evaluations of the fingerprinting probes (CAC)5 was carried out by comparing the results produced by Jeffreys et al., using probes 33.15 and 33.6. The mutation rate calculated for (CAC)5 as 0.015 is nearly similar to the probe 33.15 (0.011) but higher than the probe 33.6 (0.005). The data obtained using (CAC)5 fingerprint in paternity cases from the northeast of England are presented.
Statistical issues in DNA evidence
Authors: Brookfield John F. Y. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSome of the statistical issues involved in the interpretation of DNA evidence in courts, particularly focusing on the adversarial process as seen in the UK and the USA, are discussed. The appropriate way to consider the use of DNA evidence in courts is through the use of a likelihood ratio. In this, the relative likelihoods of the DNA evidence are calculated under two hypotheses, respectively that the subject is or is not the source of a DNA sample found at the scene‐of‐crime. This formulation allows, using Bayes' theory, the prior probability of guilt, based on the other evidence in a case, to be incorporated in a formal way into calculation of a final, or posterior, probability of guilt. The most controversial aspect of DNA evidence has concerned the calculation of the probability of a match between an innocent suspect and DNA from the scene‐of‐crime. The calculation is affected by subdivision within the population and the possibility of relatedness between the suspect and the true source of the scene‐of‐crime DNA. The qualitative importance of these effects will be discussed. In addition to the scientific questions concerning the likelihood ratio, there have been a number of other concerns about the use of DNA evidence, and other evidence presented in a statistical form, in courts. These include the question whether accurate or conservative values of the likelihood ratio should be presented, and the abilities of juries to deal with quantitative evidence.
Allele frequency distribution for the variable number of tandem repeat locus D10S28 in Tamil Nadu (South India) population
Authors: Pandian S. Karutha , Kumar Subbaiah , Krishnan Manikkam , Dharmalingam Kuppamuthu , Damodaran Chenniappan 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAllele frequencies were determined in unrelated individuals of Tamil speaking population from the Madras City (Tamil Nadu, South India) area for the polymorphic DNA locus D10S28 using the probe TBQ7. Membranes hybridized with the probe YNH24 were subjected to deprobing and were subsequently hybridized with random priming – labeled, purified inserts of TBQ7. The sizes of the fragments were grouped to 100 bp as well as to arbitrary fixed bins (Federal Bureau of Investigation/Royal Canadian Mounted Police). There were 14 bins in the latter with the most common bin being 11 (1789–1924 bp) with a frequency of 9.8%. We observed a heterozygosity of 92% comparable to Caucasian populations. The data presented here can be used as the basis for utilizing this variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) DNA marker for paternity determinations and forensic investigations.
Scanning for mutations in the human prion protein open reading frame by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis
Authors: Wiese Ulrich , Wulfert Michael , Prusiner Stanley B. , Riesner Detlev 
Published: May 2005

AbstractGerstmann‐Sträussler‐Scheinker syndrome (GSS), fatal familial insomnia (FFI) and familial Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD) are caused by point mutations or octarepeat insertions in the prion protein (PrP) gene. In the present work a method was established that is appropriate for a thorough screening for mutations in the PrP gene and is generally applicable to screenings of any given gene. Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) was modified at two critical steps by UV cross‐linking of the DNA strands and by replacing the spatial gradient with a temporal one. The shift of a DNA band in temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (tTGGE) due to a mutation can be calculated as a function of the position of the mutation in the sequence. Appropriate DNA fragments were selected for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and analysis by tTGGE on the basis that the predicted band shifts amount to more than 10% of the migration distance for all possible mutations. The accuracy of the prediction was tested experimentally with ten known mutations in the human PrP gene, and quantitative agreement between theory and experiment was achieved. Thus, this screening method is also a suitable means to verify the absence of mutations in a given gene segment.
Effective ion‐pairing for the separation of basic proteins in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Okafo George N. , Vinther Anders , Kornfelt Troels , Camilleri Patrick 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe addition of the sodium salt of phytic acid to the separation buffer (pH's 6.0–9.5) has allowed the analysis of a number of basic proteins (pIs > 9) by capillary electrophoresis. The method of analysis is simple and leads to considerable improvement in peak shape. Some very basic proteins, totally adsorbed onto the capillary fused silica surfaces in the presence of buffer only, can be analysed as sharp signals when this polyanionic species is included in the running electrolyte. These improvements in analysis are thought to arise as a result of the suppression of coulombic interactions between these positively charged proteins (ion‐paired to phytic acid) and the negatively charged silanol groups on the inner wall of the capillary.
Separation of cerebrospinal fluid proteins using capillary electrophoresis: A potential method for the diagnosis of neurological disorders
Authors: Cowdrey Geoffrey , Firth Maria , Firth Gary 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA method for the analysis of proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using free solution capillary electrophoresis (FSCE) was developed, in which the adsorption of proteins to the fused silica capillary wall was virtually eliminated. FSCE was carried out on 30 randomly selected CSF samples. Good sensitivity and resolution was obtained with minimal baseline noise. These preliminary results clearly demonstrated the potential of FSCE to analyse proteins in CSF, both qualitatively and quantitatively more rapidly than has been possible hitherto. A total run time of approximately 30 min allowed between 20 to 25 peaks to be separated. Many peaks with long migration times were detected in CSF that appeared to be specific since they were not detectable in corresponding serum samples. The separation patterns for most of the CSF samples selected showed relatively similar patterns but there were often minor qualitative and quantitative differences. Four CSF samples showed patterns that were significantly different from the others, primarily in the peaks with long migration times. A larger clinical study is now being undertaken.
Training software for electrophoresis
Authors: Reijenga Jetse C. , Martens Johannes H. P. A. , Everaerts Frans M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractComputer programs, simulating electrophoretic separations, were evaluated and discussed with respect to their suitability for training purposes. Quite a number of them, mainly those dealing with steady‐state phenomena, are sufficiently fast and user‐friendly for the purpose of visualization of electrophoretic principles. Transient‐state or dynamic models, however, are more suitable for the advanced user, mainly because of their inherent complexity and long calculation times.
Dynamics of peak dispersion in capillary zone electrophoresis including wall adsorption: II. Exact analysis of unsteady linear adsorptive dispersion
Authors: Štědrý Milan , Gaš Bohuslav , Kenndler Ernst 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAn exact analysis of the unsteady axial dispersion of an analyte, undergoing a linear adsorption at the column wall in capillary zone electrophoresis, is presented. A system of partial differential equations – in which the radial coordinate is one of the independent variables – is taken as a model for linear wall adsorption. It is shown that the dispersion is a sum of two terms, one which depends linearly on time and whose exact form is generally known, and a nonlinear one. The most interesting result of this work is that it derives another system of differential equations, which this nonlinear term is to satisfy. It makes it possible to present a closed formula for the asymptotic value of the nonlinear term, i.e., its limit for large time. Its behavior for times close to zero is also studied.
Contribution of capillary coiling to zone dispersion in capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Kašička Václav , Prusík Zdeněk , Gaš Bohuslav , Štědrý Milan 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA mathematical model of the deformation of the analyte zone in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) due to capillary coiling is presented and the influence of capillary coiling on the distribution of electric current density inside the capillary is described. The model gives a quantitative description of the potential contribution of capillary coiling to the total zone dispersion in CZE. The zone broadening caused by capillary coiling is calculated as the difference of migration distances of the particles migrating at the inner circumference of the capillary coil and those migrating at the outer circumference. This difference is shown to be directly proportional to the capillary diameter and to the number of capillary coils, i.e. indirectly proportional to the radius of the capillary coils into which the capillary of the given length is coiled. The contribution of capillary coiling to the total zone dispersion is compared with the contribution of the longitudinal diffusion of low and high molecular mass analytes and bioparticles. It is shown that, especially in the case of CZE separation of macromolecules and particles, capillary coiling can significantly decrease the separation efficiency. For that reason the small radius coiling of the capillary column in the CZE apparatuses should be avoided.
Electrophoresis between sieving and reptation: An investigation of the role of shape fluctuations in electrophoresis
Authors: Völkel Armin R. , Noolandi Jaan 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe present numerical simulation results of electrophoretic mobilities of flexible polyelectrolytes over a wide molecular size range moving through gels with various pore sizes. The data are compared to existing models for different molecular size regimes and to experimental results. We observe rather pronounced shape fluctuations of the polyelectrolytes which, especially for larger gel pores or small molecules, have a strong impact on the dynamics of the molecules. Electrophoretic separation, as is used e.g. for DNA sequencing, is best achieved for polyelectrolytes with a radius of gyration of the order of the average pore radius of the gel, i.e. in a molecular size regime where the polyelectrolyte interacts with only a few gel fibers at a given time. A decrease of the gel pore size leads to a systematic decrease of the electrophoretic mobility, but does not lead to a qualitative change in the molecular size dependence, as long as the pore size is larger than the persistence length of the polyelectrolyte.
A quantitative study on the effect of organic modifiers in micellar electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Chen Nong , Terabe Shigeru 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA quantitative study was made on the effect of organic modifiers in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). A linear relationship between 1/k′ and organic modifier concentration ([L]) at lower concentration range was derived and experimentally verified. This linearity was also examined at higher concentrations of organic modifier. The results showed that the linear relationship between 1/k′ and [L] can only be observed under the situation that no significant change on micellar structure occurs upon the addition of organic modifiers. The mobility ratio of the solute which characterizes the properties of the solute was found to be mainly independent of [L]. A resolution equation for the neutral solutes was also derived in term of mobility ratio.
The human keratinocyte two‐dimensional gel protein database (update 1995): Mapping components of signal transduction pathways
Authors: Celis Julio E. , Rasmussen Hanne Holm , Gromov Paul , Olsen Eydfinnur , Madsen Peder , Leffers Henrik , Honoré Bent , Dejgaard Kurt , Vorum Henrik , Kristensen Dan Back , Østergaard Morten , Haunsø Anders , Jensen Niels Aagaard , Celis Ariana , Basse Bodil , Lauridsen Jette B. , Ratz Gitte P. , Andersen Annette H. , Walbum Else , Kjærgaard Inge , Andersen Inger , Puype Magda , Van Damme Josef , Vandekerckhove JoëL 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe master two‐dimensional (2‐D) gel database of human keratinocytes currently lists 3154 cellular proteins (2224 isoelectric focusing, IEF; and 930 none‐quilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis, NEPHGE), many of which correspond to post‐translational modifications. 1082 polypeptides have been identified (protein name, organelle components, etc.) using a procedure or a combination of procedures that include (i) comigration with known human proteins, (ii) 2‐D gel immunoblotting using specific antibodies, (iii) microsequencing of Coomassie Brilliant Blue stained proteins, (iv) mass spectrometry, (v) vaccinia virus expression of full length cDNAs, and (vi) in vitro transcription/translation of full‐length cDNAs. This year, special emphasis has been given to the identification of signal transduction components by using 2‐D gel immunoblotting of crude keratinocyte lysates in combination with enhanced chemoluminescence (ECL) detection. Identified proteins are listed both in alphabetical order and with increasing SSP number, together with their Mr, pI, cellular localization and credit to the investigator(s) that aided in the identification. Ultimately, the aim of the comprehensive database is to gather – through a systematic study of ekeratinocytes – qualitative and quantitative information on proteins and their genes that may allow us to identify abnormal patterns of gene expression and to pinpoint signaling pathways and components affected in various skin diseases, cancer included.
Genetic mapping of restriction landmark genomic scanning loci in the mouse
Authors: Okuizumi Hisato , Okazaki Yasushi , Ohsumi Tomoya , Hayashizaki Yoshihide , Plass Christoph , Chapman Verne M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRestriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS) was originally proposed as a high‐speed method for surveying a large number of restriction landmarks in genomic DNA. The effort to apply this method to genetic analysis has been made, resulting in developing the new approach for the rapid construction of the genetic map of complex mammalian genomes (RLGS spot mapping). Especially, the use of NotI as the restriction landmark for genetic studies suggests that there is a high probability that a significant number of these RLGS loci will be associated with CpG islands of functional genes. Moreover, it is possible to use the RLGS spot mapping to analyze genetic map‐poor species very rapidly for linkage of recessive mutations or segregating traits, because it does not rely upon cloned probes or sequences. In this paper, we summarize the progress that has been made in the practical application of the RLGS method to genetic analysis using congenic strains, recombinant inbred (RI) strains, and in interspecific backcrosses of mice.
A single gel analysis of 575 dominant and codominant restriction landmark genomic scanning loci in mice interspecific backcross progeny
Authors: Okuizumi Hisato , Okazaki Yasushi , Ohsumi Tomoya , Hanami Takeshi , Mizuno Yosuke , Muramatsu Masami , Hayashizaki Yoshihide , Plass Christoph , Chapman Verne M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe identified 575 new NotI landmarks of C57BL/6(B)‐ and, M. spretus (S)‐specific, dominant and codominant loci which were segregated in B × S interspecific backcrosses (BSS), using the restriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS) spot mapping method. All of these loci were visualized on a single RLGS profile which was produced with NotI‐PvuII‐PstI. These landmarks include 250 newly identified S‐specific spots in addition to the previously reported 325 B‐specific spots. The S‐specific spots were identified by reading full or half intensity, based on the property that the spot intensity of the autoradiographic signal reflected the copy number of an end‐labeled restriction landmark. The cumulative map is 1341 cM and it is based upon 985 meiotic events in 72 backcross progeny. This map covers 90% of the total estimated length of the mouse genetic map. This map provides a good tool for the high‐speed genome scanning assay in the mouse genome by a single RLGS gel analysis.
Analysis of protein synthesis by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis in T cells persistently infected with coxsackie B virus
Authors: Gimenez Beatriz , Amarasekera Deepthi , Argo Evelyn , Cash Phillip 
Published: May 2005

AbstractCoxsackie B viruses (CBV) have been implicated in various human diseases that present as either limited acute infections or prolonged chronic infections. A number of investigations have suggested that a virus‐induced immune dysfunction might play a role in in vivo pathogenesis. In the current study, we describe CBV infection of two human T cell‐derived cell lines (Jurkat and MOLT‐4 cells) as potential models for CBV infection of lymphocytes. Short term (up to 144 h post‐infection) CBV infection of either cell line resulted in a decline in the viability of the cell population together with an approximate 10‐fold rise in the titre of infectious virus during the period of incubation. Analyses of the intracellular proteins by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2‐D PAGE) demonstrated that although putative virus proteins were detectable there was minimal inhibition of the cellular protein synthesis following CBV infection. This contrasted with the more permissive and highly lytic CBV infection of HEp‐2C cells (Cash, Electrophoresis 1991, 10, 793–800). Persistently infected cell lines from both Jurkat and MOLT‐4 cells (piJURKAT‐3673 and piMOLT‐2667 cells) were established. Analyses of intracellular protein synthesis of these persistently infected cell lines showed the synthesis of novel proteins not detected for the corresponding uninfected parental cell line. There were no significant alterations in overall cellular protein synthesis detectable by the small format 2‐D PAGE system employed in these investigations. The data presented in the current investigation will contribute towards studies on virus‐induced responses of specific biological functions associated with T cells.
The use of solid phase concentrators for on‐line preconcentration of metallothionein prior to isoform separation by capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Beattie John H. , Self Ron , Richards Mark P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractUV absorbance is a convenient detection method for monitoring a wide variety of different components separated by capillary electrophoresis (CE). However, a significant disadvantage of UV detection is its low sensitivity and this is a major factor limiting the application of CE as an analytical technique. In order to improve sensitivity, several methods of on‐line sample preconcentration by electrofocusing, including “stacking” and isotachophoresis, have been investigated and the potential of on‐line solid phase preconcentrators for this purpose has also been demonstrated. We have developed methods for the separation of isoforms of metallothionein (MT), a low Mr metal‐binding protein which functions as a detoxification system and cellular buffer for heavy metals, primarily in liver and kidney. While a variety of modifications to the capillary surface and electrolyte chemistry have been used to resolve many MT isoforms in liver samples from a variety of species, there are few available alternatives to UV detection and thus sensitivity limits the application of these methods to samples with low MT levels, such as urine or plasma. In this study we have investigated the use of an inexpensive and easy to assemble C18 concentrator which was fitted to the capillary inlet to extend the detection limits for MT isoform analysis. Samples were pressure loaded onto the concentrator for up to 5 min, eluted using 33% acetonitrile and then subjected to electrophoresis in borate or phosphate buffer. The purified isoforms MT‐1 and MT‐2 from rabbit liver were best resolved using an acidic acetonitrile eluent and a phosphate buffer electrolyte at pH 7. Sensitivity enhancement was >700‐fold and the relationship between loading time and isoform absorbance peak area was linear when only a small proportion of concentrator capacity was used. Analysis of sheep liver extracts demonstrated that both sensitivity and specificity were enhanced. The potential of other solid‐phase concentrators is discussed.