bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid state NMR study of intercalate complexes of poly(ethylene oxide) and small molecules
Authors: Spěváček Jiří , Brus Jiří 
Published: November 2003

AbstractFrom solid state NMR spectra, a lower shielding of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) protons, in contrast to higher shielding of PEO carbons, has been found for PEO/hydroxybenzene and PEO/LiCF3SO3 complexes in comparison with neat PEO. The same PEO chemical shifts were found both for crystalline and amorphous phase of PEO/LiCF3SO3 polymer electrolyte, confirming the same interaction in both phases. Measurements of 2D 1H CRAMPS exchange NMR spectra have been used to characterize proton distances in complexes of PEO and benzene derivatives. A close contact (∼ 0.3 nm) between aromatic and PEO protons was detected in some cases. From the measurements of the cross polarization 1H → 13C, using Lee‐Goldburg irradiation of 1H nuclei, the distance between LiCF3SO3 carbon and the nearest PEO protons in the PEO/LiCF3SO3 complex was determined.
Crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene oxide) in mixtures with tetrahydronaphthalene and oligo(dimethyl siloxane‐b‐ethylene oxide) copolymer
Authors: Madbouly Samy A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in mixtures with oligo(dimethyl siloxane‐b‐ethylene oxide) (COP) and tetrahydronaphthalene (THN) has been investigated. The crystallization kinetics studied isothermally and non‐isothermally using an automated device that monitors the light passing through the systems as functions of time and/or temperature. The crystallization kinetics was found to be strongly influenced by the COP concentration in the mixtures. A substantial decrease in the induction time, t0 (the time needs for the onset of crystallization) and a considerable shift in the crystallization temperature (Tl/s) to higher temperatures have been observed with increasing the concentration of COP in the mixtures during the isothermal and non‐isothermal crystallization processes, respectively. This behavior may be attributed to the difference in the interaction parameters of PEO with THN and COP. The isothermal crystallization kinetics for this system was analyzed on the bases of Avrami approach.
The gel‐like structure of polymer in thin films: an explanation of the thickness dependent glass transition?
Authors: Grohens Yves , Hamon Loic , Spěváček Jiří , Holl Yves 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe understanding of the origin of the thickness (h) dependent glass transition temperature, Tg(h), reported over the last decade for supported and freely standing thin polymer films, is still unclear. Indeed, the spin‐coating process, the interfacial adsorption as well as the freezing‐in of non‐equilibrated chain conformations and orientations caused by fast solvent evaporation could result in partially disentangled chains which can be depicted as a gel‐like structure. The effect of PMMA stereoregularity on the chain conformation and orientation and its persistence length in thin films is discussed. Moreover, striking evolutions of Tg(h) by changing the nature of the solvent support the assumption of a specific organisation of the chains in thin films which can hold over thickness far above Rg.
Properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)‐graft‐polyacrylamide copolymers depending on the graft length. 3. Benzene solubilization by solutions of the copolymer
Authors: Zagdanskaya Nina , Momot Lesya , Zheltonozhskaya Tatyana , Guenet Jean‐Michel , Syromyatnikov Vladimir 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe peculiarities of poly(vinyl alcohol)‐graft‐polyacrylamide copolymers (PVA‐g‐PAA), which are characterized by the equal average number (N=9), but various molecular weight (or length) of graft chains, in comparison with individual PAA and PVA, were investigated in aqueous medium. Sharp rise in benzene solubilization in PVA‐g‐PAA solutions at MPAA higher than 4.3·105 has been established. It was shown that such effect is stipulated by the destruction of intramolecular polymer‐polymer complex in the copolymer and increasing the benzene binding to separate PVA‐g‐PAA groups by means of hydrogen bonds. The changes in the PVA‐g‐PAA solubilizing ability as the function of temperature were also investigated. The obtained results are discussed from the point of view of conformational transitions of intramolecular polymer‐polymer complexes (intraPPC), which exist in copolymers, in dependence on the length of graft chains.
Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) membranes: as a hydrogel support for use in immobilized metal affinity chromatography
Authors: Bayramoğlu Gülay , Arıca M. Yakup 
Published: November 2003

AbstractLysozyme adsorption onto a dye ligand (Procion Red HE‐3B) immobilized and Cu(II) incorporated poly(2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (pHEMA) membrane, were investigated. The membranes were prepared by UV initiated photopolymerization of HEMA in the presence of an initiator (α‐α′‐azoisobutyronitrile; AIBN). The amount of immobilized dye on the membrane was 112.2 μmol g−1. Lysozyme adsorption on to these membranes from aqueous solutions containing different amounts of lysozyme at different pH was investigated in batch system. Lysozyme adsorption capacity of the dye‐ligand immobilized membrane was 45.6 mg g−1. Lysozyme adsorption capacity of the Cu(II) incorporated membranes (112.3 mg g−1) was greater than that of the Procion Red HE‐3B immobilized membranes. The non‐specific adsorption of lysozyme on the pHEMA membranes was 0.14 mg g−1. More than 97% of the adsorbed lysozyme were desorbed in 60 in the desorption medium containing 1.0 M KSCN at pH 8.0.
1H NMR relaxation study of polymer‐solvent interactions during thermotropic phase transition in aqueous solutions
Authors: Spěváček Jiří , Hanyková Lenka 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe dynamic‐structural changes and polymer ‐ solvent interactions during the thermotropic phase transition in poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME)/D2O solutions in a broad range of polymer concentrations (c = 0.1‐60 wt.‐%) were studied combining the measurements of 1H NMR spectra, spin‐spin (T2) and spin‐lattice (T1) relaxation times. Phase separation in solutions results in a marked line broadening of a major part of polymer segments, evidently due to the formation of compact globular‐like structures. The minority (∼15%) mobile component, which does not participate in the phase separation, consists of low‐molecular‐weight fractions of PVME, as shown by GPC. Measurements of spin‐spin relaxation times T2 of PVME methylene protons have shown that globular structures are more compact in dilute solutions in comparison with semidilute solutions where globules probably contain a certain amount of water. A certain portion of water molecules bound at elevated temperatures to (in) PVME globular structures in semidilute and concentrated solutions was revealed from measurements of spin‐spin and spin‐lattice relaxation times of residual HDO molecules.
1H NMR study of phase transition of uncharged and negatively charged poly(N‐isopropylmethacrylamide) in D2O solutions
Authors: Starovoytova Larisa , Spěváček Jiří , Hanyková Lenka , Ilavský Michal 
Published: November 2003

Abstract1H NMR spectroscopy has been applied to the analysis of dynamic‐structural changes during temperature‐induced phase transition of non‐ionized poly(N‐isopropylmethacrylamide) (PIPMAm) and ionized copolymers of N‐isopropylmethacrylamide with sodium methacrylate, all in D2O solutions with various polymer concentrations (c = 0.1‐10 wt.‐%) and ionic comonomer mole fractions (i = 0‐10 mole %). It was found that the formation of compact globular‐like structures during the phase transition is independent of polymer concentration for non‐ionized samples; the presence of negative charges on the polymer chains leads to a dependence of the phase transition temperature on c and i. Virtually all PIPMAm segments are in globular‐like structures for low polymer concentrations; for c ⩾ 1 wt.‐%, this holds only for low content i of the ionic comonomer. An increase in c and i leads to a decrease in the fraction of polymer segments in globular‐like structures; for samples with highest values of c and i, the phase transition was not observed.
Polymer‐colloid complexes in three‐component system: poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic acid)‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐silica sol in aqueous medium
Authors: Permyakova Natalya , Zheltonozhskaya Tatyana , Strilchyk Nikolay , Zagdanskaya Nina , Momot Lesya , Syromyatnikov Vladimir 
Published: November 2003

AbstractComplex formation in the model three‐component system, including polymer‐polymer complex of poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic acid) (PSMA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and also silica sol (SiO2) in aqueous solution as a function of molecular weight of PEO and the order of component mixing, were investigated. The degree of binding of PSMA links with PEO and SiO2 as well as the Gibbs energy of formation of the polymer‐polymer complex and polymer‐colloid complexes were defined. It was shown that the main factor of stabilization of the structure is hydrogen bonds. The conditions of three‐component polymer‐colloid system are practically independent of the order of component mixing. The spontaneous formation of polymer‐colloid complexes between chemically complementary polymers and small dispersed particles is considered as the main reason for the abnormally high binding ability of colloid particles to the polymer‐polymer complex.
Self‐assembling complexes with magnetic properties
Authors: Poux Sandrine , Thierry Annette , Rochas Cyrille , Green Mark M. , Guenet Jean‐Michel 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe magnetic properties and the nucleation capability of a self‐assembling bicopper complex are reported. Attention is focused on the effect of the chirality of the bicopper complex. Comparison is made between the racemic mixture and the right‐handed enantiomer.
Wettability of acrylate copolymer surfaces after ageing in water
Authors: Grohens Yves , Ulvé Stephane , Vallée‐Réhel Karine , Péron Jean Jacques , Haras Dominique 
Published: November 2003

AbstractContact angle measurements (captive bubble and sessile drop techniques) were used to determine the surface energy of several acrylic based polymers at the early stage of immersion (t0) in pure and salt water or after several days (tx). The sessile drop technique using various liquid probes allows the calculation of the dispersive, acid and basic components of the surface energy. Significant differences of wettability are observed between the polymers at t0 which tend to remain after immersion along with a general increase of the surface hydrophilicity. The same trend is observed by the “in‐situ” captive bubble technique. The surfaces become more hydrophilic with a final contact angle, θ, ranging from 110 to 150 ± 3° in pure water and 130 to 150 ± 4° in 0,51 M salt water. The modifications of surface energy between t0 and tx are not only dependent on water diffusion. One assumption is that the degree of swelling of the immersed surface layer along with the particular dynamics resulting from a surface gel‐like structure are significant factors in the measured surface thermodynamics.
Mechanical and rheological properties of poly(ethylene‐co‐ethyl acrylate) as a function of carbon black content
Authors: Feller Jean‐François , Linossier Isabelle 
Published: November 2003

AbstractCarbon black (CB) filled poly(ethylene‐co‐ethyl acrylate) (EEA‐CB) is used as conductive phase in conductive polymer composites (CPC). Electrical conductivity of CPC obtained from blends of immiscible polymers results from CB particles localization within the material, which depends on composition and processing conditions. It is particularly important to control viscosity of such systems as this parameter determines both the phase morphology and conductive pathway structure. The small scale, at which CB particle aggregation/dispersion phenomena occur within CPC, makes direct observations difficult. But the effect of carbon black particles/polymers interactions is clearly visible by means of rheological measurements.A strong reinforcing effect of CB on CPC in both solid and liquid states has been noticed. This phenomenon has been analyzed using classical models as a function of temperature and CB content. The results confirm the necessity of CPC rheology control especially during the process to achieve good reproducibility of electrical properties.
A new iterative order reduction (IOR) method for eigensolutions of large structures
Authors: Xia Yong , Lin Rongming 
Published: November 2003

AbstractOrder reduction is a computationally efficient method to estimate some lowest eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors of large structural systems by reducing the order of the original model to a smaller one. But its accuracy is limited to a small range of frequencies that depends on the selection of the retained degrees of freedom. This paper proposes a new iterative order reduction (IOR) technique to obtain accurately the eigensolutions of large structural systems. The technique retains all the inertia terms associated with the removed degrees of freedom. This hence leads to the reduced mass matrix being in an iterated form and the reduced stiffness matrix constant. From these mass and stiffness matrices, the eigensolutions of the reduced system can be obtained iteratively. On convergence the reduced system reproduces the eigensolutions of the original structure. A proof of the convergence property is also presented. Applications of the method to a practical GARTEUR structure as well as a plate have demonstrated that the proposed method is comparable to the commonly used Subspace Iteration method in terms of numerical accuracy. Moreover, it has been found that the proposed method is computationally more efficient than the Subspace Iteration method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined modality therapy in esophageal cancer: The Memorial experience
Authors: Anderson Sibyl E. , Minsky Bruce D. , Bains Manjit , Kelsen David P. , Ilson David H. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractOver the past 20 years in the United States, esophageal cancer has shown the most rapid rate of increase of any solid tumor malignancy. Esophageal cancer is an aggressive disease, and poor survival is achieved with surgery or chemoradiation therapy alone. Ongoing trials are investigating the use of preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgical resection. Chemoradiation employing a combination of cisplatin and a continuous infusion of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) is the most commonly used therapy. The significant gastrointestinal toxicity of traditional cisplatin/5‐FU‐based regimens has prompted the evaluation of new agents in combined‐modality therapy. The Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center has conducted chemoradiation trials with weekly paclitaxel/cisplatin and irinotecan/cisplatin, and the results suggest that this regimen has the potential to improve the therapeutic index without compromising efficacy. Randomized trials are now being conducted to evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of paclitaxel/cisplatin in comparison with paclitaxel/5‐FU combined with radiotherapy in locally advanced esophageal cancer. The incorporation of these non‐5‐FU‐based therapies with novel biologic agents is planned. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 21:228–232, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimal drift design model for multi‐story buildings subjected to dynamic lateral forces
Authors: Park Hyo Seon , Kwon Jun Hyeok 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAn optimal drift design model for a linear multi‐story building structure under dynamic lateral forces is presented. The drift design model is formulated into a minimum weight design problem subjected to constraints on stresses, the displacement at the top of a building, and inter‐story drift. The optimal drift design model consists of three main components: an optimizer, a response spectrum analysis module, and a sensitivity analysis module. Using a small example, the validation of the proposed model has been tested by a comparison of optimal solutions. Then, the performance of the optimal drift design model is demonstrated by application to three steel frame structures including a 40‐story building. Various structural responses including lateral displacement and inter‐story drift distributions along the height of the structure at the initial and final design stages are presented in figures and tables. Time‐consuming trial‐and‐error processes related to drift control of a tall building subjected to lateral loads is avoided by the proposed optimal drift design method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C‐reactive protein increases F‐actin assembly and cortical distribution with resultant loss of lamellipod formation in human neutrophils
Authors: Yates‐Siilata Kristine E. , Dahms Thomas E. , Webster Robert O. , Heuertz Rita M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractC‐reactive protein (CRP) inhibits neutrophil movement through a p38 MAP kinase pathway. We hypothesized that CRP altered F‐actin content and distribution on human neutrophils as a means of inhibiting movement. CRP produced simultaneous increased F‐actin and decreased G‐actin levels. CRP increased F‐actin levels in a concentration‐dependent manner once a threshold (>100 μg/ml) was reached, and transiently increased F‐actin (peak levels at 2.5 and 10 min) that returned to baseline by 30 min. Confocal microscopy of neutrophils revealed that fMLP provoked acquisition of a migratory phenotype as evidenced by the appearance of F‐actin rich lamellipods. In contrast, CRP caused neutrophil rounding, prevented lamellipod formation and shifted F‐actin from the cytoskeleton to the cortex. The p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, SB203580, produced a similar effect on neutrophil shape. Concentrations of SB203580 that dramatically decreased p38 activity in neutrophils also caused round cell morphology and cortical F‐actin distribution. Since CRP inhibits p38 MAP kinase and p38 blockade leads to actin polymerization and prevention of lamellipod formation, it is concluded that round morphology and loss of lamellipod formation result from CRP inhibition of p38 MAP kinase. Understanding the signal transduction of CRP prevention of lamellipod formation will aid in the development of therapeutic agents against neutrophil‐associated inflammatory disease.
RoxAnn bottom classification system, sidescan sonar and video-sledge: spatial resolution and their use in assessing trawling impacts
Authors: Humborstad Odd-Børre , Nøttestad Leif , Løkkeborg Svein , Rapp Hans Tore 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Three complementary seabed characterization tools with different spatial resolution were used to locate a research site and to assess physical effects of experimental otter trawling in the Barents Sea: an acoustic seabed classification system (RoxAnn), sidescan sonar and a video-sledge. The marine protected area (MPA) around Bear Island was chosen as it offered unfished reference sites. The area was topographically complex which resulted in certain challenges for choice of the experimental site due to the requirements of representativity and homogeneity and suitable sampling substrate. Systematic waylines with RoxAnn gave broad-scale patterns of bottom conditions, the more informative sidescan revealed topographic reliefs, whilst detailed information on sediment composition and small-scale seabed features was provided by the video-sledge. Accurate positioning of towed gears (trawl, sidescan and video-sledge) ensured unbiased data acquisition. Trawl doors and rockhopper gear created furrows that were visible by sidescan sonar and video. Intensive trawling also caused changes in the acoustic properties by increasing roughness and decreasing hardness. Results are consistent with a possible resuspension of the sediment and a homogenizing effect from the trawl doors and ground gear ploughing the area. The suitability and advantages of using spatially overlapping tools in trawl impact studies are discussed.
Experimental Social Innovation and Dissemination: The Promise and Its Delivery
Authors: Hazel Kelly L. , Onaga Esther 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis paper describes the origin of the Experimental Social Innovation and Dissemination model and its contribution to and intersection with community psychology. It also discusses the challenges presented to ESID by community psychology's growing emphasis on cultural diversity and participatory approaches to research and intervention. It concludes with an overview of the papers presented in the special issue.
Consumer Preference Programs for Individuals Who Are Homeless and Have Psychiatric Disabilities: A Drop‐In Center and a Supported Housing Program
Authors: Tsemberis Sam J. , Moran Linda , Shinn Marybeth , Asmussen Sara M. , Shern David L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe illustrate Fairweather's approach to Experimental Social Innovation and Dissemination with two experimental studies of programs to reduce homelessness for 168 and 225 people with mental illness and often substance abuse. Literally homeless participants were randomly assigned to programs that emphasized consumer choice or to the usual continuum of care, in which housing and services are contingent on sobriety and progress in treatment. A drop‐in center that eliminated barriers to access to services was more successful than control programs in reducing homelessness, but after 24 months only 38% of participants had moved to community housing. A subsequent apartment program, in which individuals in the experimental condition moved to subsidized apartments directly from the street, with services under their control, had 79% in stable housing (compared to 27% in the control group) at the end of 6 months. Groups in this study did not differ on substance abuse or psychosocial outcomes.
Distinguishing families where suicidal behaviour is present from families where suicidal behaviour is absent
Authors: Aldridge David , Dallos Rudi 
Published: November 2003

Twenty families are observed during the first interview for family therapy. In families where suicidal behaviour occurs there are three variables which distinguish them from families where no such behaviour occurs. These variables are;

the threat of immediate break up of the family relationship i.e. someone is about to leave,
a situation of mutual negative connotation where no matter what anyone tries to do it is seen as being ‘wrong’,
a tradition of symptoms being used at times of crisis to keep the family together.

Suicidal behaviour is seen as a strategic move to keep the family together in the face of developmental change.
Alcohol abuse—an interactional approach
Authors: Onnis Luigi 
Published: November 2003

In this article, the author points out the usefulness of applying an interactional approach to the treatment of alcoholic abuse. First, the relational significance of the symptom is discussed and an analysis is made of the principal communication patterns existing between the partners of the couple.The essential contents of the therapeutic strategy are then described, as well as the homeostatic reactions of the system: two types of intervention were applied, paradoxical and structural, which were aimed at eliminating the symptom and gradually changing the couple's relationship.
Casework towards the family re‐integration of a sexually abusive father—a single case study
Authors: Cottrell David , Jog Sudha , Jackson Eva 
Published: November 2003

A family is presented where sexual abuse of one child had occurred but the family wished to stay together. Work with the family over 3 years, during which time the father served a prison sentence, is described.The problems, for professionals as well as the family, in deciding when a family is safe are discussed.