bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrophotometric Studies for Complex Formation of Diammonium 1,4,10,13-Tetraoxa-7,16-diazacycrooctadecane-bis(N-carbodithioate) with Transitional Metal Ions under Coexistence of Alkali Matal Ion and Alkali Earth Matal Ion
Authors: Uehara Nobuo , Honzawa Hideki , Aratake Sachiko , Shimizu Tokuo 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
A new bifuntional ligand, Diammonium 1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacycrooctadecane-bis(N-carbodithioate), has been synthesized. The UV-spectra of Ni(II)-chelate of the ligand was changed by addition of Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+ and Mg2+. The composition of Pb(II)-chelate was changed from 1:1 (metal:ligand) to 1:2 by addition of Na+, K+, Cs+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Sr2+. These changes were produced by the change in the conformation of the diaza-crown ring in the ligand.
High Activity of Pt/AlPO4 Catalyst for Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Monoxide by Propene in Excess Oxygen
Authors: Fujii Ryuta , Seki Masashi , Shinoda Jun , Okazaki Noriyasu , Tada Akio 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
The activity of Pt(0.5 wt%)/AlPO4 for C3H6-SCR was found to be much higher than that of Pt(0.5 wt%)/Al2O3; although the selectivity toward N2O of both the catalysts were comparable, the maximal conversion of NO to N2 by Pt(0.5 wt%)/AlPO4 was higher than that by Pt(0.5 wt%)/Al2O3, and moreover the temperature window of the former located in lower side than that of the latter. The superiority of Pt(0.5 wt%)/AlPO4 was discussed on the basis of the results of XPS measurements.
“Syn-Effect” in the Conversion of (E)-α,β-Unsaturated Esters to the Corresponding β,γ-Unsaturated Esters
Authors: Guha Samar Kumar , Shibayama Atsushi , Abe Daisuke , Ukaji Yutaka , Inomata Katsuhiko 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
The stereochemistry in the conversion of (E)-α,β-unsaturated esters to the corresponding β,γ-unsaturated esters by treatment with lithium hexamethyldisilazide in the presence of HMPA was investigated. The Z/E ratios of the resulting β,γ-unsaturated esters varied according to the γ-substituents of the (E)-α,β-unsaturated esters. This phenomenon was rationalized by “syn-effect” which may be attributed primarily to σ→π* interaction and/or 6π-electron homoaromaticity.
Surfactant-free Preparation of Poly(lactic acid)/Hydroxyapatite Microspheres
Authors: Nagata Fukue , Miyajima Tatsuya , Yokogawa Yoshiyuki 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
A novel surfactant-free process were proposed by modifying oil-in-water emulsion method to produce PLA/calcium phosphate composite. Several analyses suggested that the end group of PLA would play as the nucleation site for calcium phosphate precipitates at the oil/water interface. The precipitated calcium phosphate might play a role as stabilizer for microsphere fabrication.
113Cd MAS and Static NMR Study of Chlorocadmate Glasses
Authors: Sakida Shinichi , Nakata Hironobu , Kawamoto Yoji 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
113Cd magic-angle spinning (MAS) and static NMR spectra were measured of fourteen kinds of chlorocadmate glasses to reveal the chlorine coordination environments around Cd2+ in the glasses in detail. The spectra of the glasses suggest that the glass structures are mainly composed of infinite double-chains of edge-shared CdCl6 octahedra, being independent of the CdCl2 content and the kinds of chlorides except for CdCl2. 113Cd MAS and static NMR spectroscopies enabled us to reveal not only chlorine coordination number of Cd but also linkage manners between CdCl6 octahedra in the glasses.
Carbonaceous Deposit as a Preferential Reductant in the Reduction of NO with C2H4 in Excess Oxygen over Alumina
Authors: Fujii Ryuta , Kitagawa Sayaka , Takahashi Kou , Okazaki Noriyasu , Tada Akio 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Carbonaceous deposit (denoted as C(d)) which was formed on alumina by C2H4 pyrolysis at 550 °C reacted selectively and preferentially with a mixture of NO and O2 in the presence of C2H4, suggesting that the C(d) acts as an effective intermediate during the selective reduction of NO with C2H4 too.
Anion Recognition at the Solid/Liquid Interface as Studied by Second Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy
Authors: Yamaguchi Akira , Kato Ryo , Nishizawa Seiichi , Teramae Norio 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
A self-assembled monolayer of thiourea-based anion receptor was formed at a gold surface, and its affinity with monovalent inorganic anions (MeCO2−, H2PO4−, Cl−) in acetonitrile solution was examined by second harmonic generation spectroscopy. The estimated adsorption coefficients of anions at the monolayer reveal specific binding selectivity compared with the selectivity found in a bulk acetonitrile phase.
Polypyrrole–metal Coil Composites as Fibrous Artificial Muscles
Authors: Hara Susumu , Zama Tetsuji , Sewa Shingo , Takashima Wataru , Kaneto Keiichi 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
A polypyrrole deposited electrochemically on tungsten coil showed 11.6% strain and 0.20 N force induced electrochemically. The W coil significantly reduced iR drop of the PPy, resulting in improving performance of the actuator. The fibrelike structure was suitable for applications of artificial muscles.
Solution-mediated Synthesis of a Three-dimensional Zincophosphate in the Presence of Racemic 1,2-Diaminopropane
Authors: Xing Yan , Liu Yunling , Li Guanghua , Shi Zhan , Liu Li , Meng He , Pang Wenqin 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
A three-dimensional zinc phosphate [Zn2(HPO4)3][C3N2H12], I, has been solvothermally synthesized templated by racemic 1,2-diaminopropane; its structure consists of vertex-linking ZnO4, and HPO4 tetrahedral units forming channels bound by 8- and 12-T atoms (T = Zn, P). The enantiomers of 1,2-diaminopropane are separated as R and S configuration in the alternating 8-membered channels.
Salt-assisted Solid-state Chemical Reaction. Synthesis of ZnO Nanocrystals
Authors: Shen Liming , Guo Luchun , Bao Ningzhong , Yanagisawa Kazumichi 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
By adopting a room-temperature grinding of the zinc acetate–oxalic acid powder mixture and a subsequent thermal decomposition reaction, agglomerated ZnO nanocrystals with diameters of 15–40 nm were prepared. By adding NaCl in the whole process, well-dispersed ZnO nanocrystals with diameters of 3–4 nm, showing an obvious blue shift due to the size quantization effect, were prepared.
Total Synthesis of α-Ketol Derivative of Linolenic Acid (KODA), a Flower-inducing Factor in Lemna paucicostata
Authors: Yokokawa Yoshihiro , Kobayashi Kouji , Yokoyama Mineyuki , Yamamura Shosuke 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Racemic 9-hydroxy-10-oxo-12(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid [(±)-KODA] was synthesized via a coupling reaction between a diyne and an epoxide derived from methyl oleate as a key step. An optically active 9R-KODA was also synthesized by enantioselective lipase-catalyzed esterification of an allyl alcohol. Both synthetic (±)-KODA and 9R-KODA showed remarkable flower-inducing activity in Pharbitis nil.
Ontogeny of the nasopalatine duct in primates
Authors: Shimp Kristin L. , Bhatnagar Kunwar P. , Bonar Christopher J. , Smith Timothy D. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractEcological explanations have been put forward to account for the precocious or delayed development of patency in ducts leading to the vomeronasal organ (VNO) in certain mammals. Perinatal function may be related, in part, to the patency or fusion of the vomeronasal and nasopalatine (NPD) ducts. However, few studies have focused on NPD development in primates, which generally have a prolonged period of dependence during infancy. In this study we examined 24 prenatal primates and 13 neonatal primates, and a comparative sample of fetal mice and insectivores. In embryonic and early fetalMicrocebus murinus, the NPD was completely fused, whereas in fetuses of later stages the duct was partially fused or completely patent.M. myoxinusof all stages demonstrated some degree of NPD fusion. In all other prenatal primates, the NPD was fused to some extent. Four prenatal insectivores (Tenrec ecaudatus) showed some degree of NPD fusion. InMus musculusat 19 days gestation, the NPD was patent, although the anatomically separate VNO duct was fused.T. ecaudatusand most of the neonatal primates revealed complete NPD patency. An exception wasSaguinus geoffroyi, which exhibited fusion of the NPD near the VNO opening. These observations may relate to differences in perinatal VNO function. The differences noted in our study suggest thatM. murinusandM. myoxinusmay differ in perinatal VNO functionality and perhaps in related behavior. Observations of neonatal primates suggest that NPD patency may be relatively common at birth and could serve other purposes in addition to being an access route for VNO stimuli. Anat Rec Part A 274A:862–869, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective partial PIC for wireless CDMA communications
Authors: Belloni Filippo , Fantacci Romano , Morosi Simone 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis paper deals with a cancellation multiuser detector for CDMA communication systems. The proposed receiver, defined as selective partial parallel interference cancellation (SP‐PIC), is supposed to be used at the end of an up‐link channel characterized by multipath fading phenomena. The SP‐PIC main feature is to perform a weighted selective cancellation of the co‐channel interfering signals according to the received power level. With respect to other approaches, the proposed detector exhibits an improved bit error rate (BER) and a low computational complexity, linear with the number of users. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performability modelling of wireless communication systems
Authors: Trivedi Kishor S. , Ma Xiaomin , Dharmaraja S. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe high expectations of performance and availability for wireless mobile systems has presented great challenges in the modelling and design of fault tolerant wireless systems. The proper modelling methodology to study the degradation of such systems is so‐calledperformabilitymodelling. In this paper, we give overview of approaches for the construction and the solution of performability models for wireless cellular networks. First, we start with the Erlang loss model, in which hierarchical and composite Markov chains are constructed to obtain loss formulas for a system with channel failures. Consequently, we develop two level hierarchical models for the wireless cellular system with handoff and channel failures. Then, for a TDMA system consisting of base repeaters and a control channel, we build a hierarchical Markov chain model for automatic protection switching (APS). Finally, we discuss stochastic reward net (SRN) models for performability analysis of wireless systems. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphometric analysis and tectonic interpretation of digital terrain data: a case study
Authors: Jordan Gyozo 
Published: August 2003

AbstractTectonic movement along faults is often reﬂected by characteristic geomorphological features such as linear valleys, ridgelines and slope‐breaks, steep slopes of uniform aspect, regional anisotropy and tilt of terrain. Analysis of digital elevation models, by means of numerical geomorphology, provides a means of recognizing fractures and characterizing the tectonics of an area in a quantitative way. The objective of this study is to investigate the use of numerical geomorphometric methods for tectonic geomorphology through a case study. The methodology is based on general geomorphometry. In this study, the basic geometric attributes (elevation, slope, aspect and curvatures) are complemented with the automatic extraction of ridge and valley lines and surface speciﬁc points. Evans' univariate and bivariate methodology of general geomorphometry is extended with texture (spatial) analysis methods, such as trend, autocorrelation, spectral, and network analysis. Terrain modelling is implemented with the integrated use of: (1) numerical differential geometry; (2) digital drainage network analysis; (3) digital image processing; and (4) statistical and geostatistical analysis. Application of digital drainage network analysis is emphasized. A simple shear model with principal displacement zone with an NE–SW orientation can account for most of the the morphotectonic features found in the basin by geological and digital tectonic geomorphology analyses. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A trend‐surface technique for discrimination of surf‐zone morphology: rip current channels
Authors: Brander Robert W. , Cowell Peter J. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA major problem facing coastal nearshore studies is the conversion of survey data to precise two‐ and three‐dimensional representations of complex surf zone topography. In addition to inherent problems in providing accurate survey data, most signiﬁcant topographical boundaries are often delineated in a subjective manner. A trend‐surface technique is hereby presented which provides an objective, rigorous, and replicable method of identifying morphological rip system channel boundaries in the surf zone. Using an extensive ﬁeld dataset obtained over two ﬁeld experiments, including an almost complete cycle of low‐energy intermediate beach state evolution, this technique is shown to produce accurate planimetric dimensions for a range of topographic beach state morphologies. Previously absent or highly descriptive in the literature, formal morphometric deﬁnitions of geometric dimensions for rip morphologies, including rip‐channel width, relief, depth, and cross‐sectional areas, are provided. Several new aspects of rip‐current morphology are discussed from results of the approach. The approach described here is also intended to illustrate the potential for future trend‐surface applications to surf zone and other geomorphological studies. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rock thermal data at the grain scale: applicability to granular disintegration in cold environments
Authors: Hall Kevin , André Marie‐Françoise 
Published: August 2003

AbstractConsideration of the mechanisms associated with the granular disintegration of rock has been limited by available data. In most instances, both the size of the transducer and the nature of the study have negated any applicability of the resulting data to the understanding of grain‐to‐grain separation within rock. The application of microthermocouples (≤0·15 mm diameter) and high‐frequency logging (20 s intervals) at a taffoni site on southern Alexander Island and from a rock outcrop on Adelaide Island (Antarctica) provide new data pertaining to the thermal conditions, at the grain scale, of the rock surface. The results show that thermal changes (ΔT/t) can be very high, with values of 22 °C min−1 being recorded. Although available data indicate that there can be differences in frequency and magnitude of ﬂuctuations as a function of aspect, all aspects experienced some large magnitude (≥2 °C min−1) ﬂuctuations. Further, in many instances, large thermal changes in more than one direction could occur within 1 min or in subsequent minutes. These data suggest that the surface grains experience rapidly changing stress ﬁelds that may, with time, effect fatigue at the grain boundaries; albedo differences between grains and the resulting thermal variations are thought to exacerbate this. The available data failed to show any indication of water freezing (an exotherm) and thus it is suggested that microgelivation may not play as large a role in granular breakdown as is often postulated for cold regions, and that in this dry, Antarctic region thermal stress may play a signiﬁcant role. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interchannel hydraulic geometry and hydraulic efficiency of the anastomosing Columbia River, southeastern British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Tabata Kevin K. , Hickin Edward J. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe morphodynamics of the anastomosing channel system of upper Columbia River in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, is examined using an adaptation of conventional hydraulic geometry termed ‘interchannel hydraulic geometry’. Interchannel hydraulic geometry has some of the characteristics of downstream hydraulic geometry but differs in that it describes the general bankfull channel form and hydraulics of primary and secondary channels in the anastomosing channel system. Interchannel hydraulic geometry generalizes these relationships and as such becomes a model of the geomorphology of channel division and combination. Interchannel hydraulic geometry of upper Columbia River, based on ﬁeld measurements of ﬂow velocity and channel form at 16 test sections, is described well by simple power functions:wbf= 3·24Qbf0·64;dbf= 1·04Qbf0·19;vbf= 0·30Qbf0·17. These results, with other related measurements of ﬂow resistance, imply that channel splitting leads to hydraulic inefﬁciency (higher ﬂow resistance) on the anastomosing Columbia River. Because these ﬁndings differ from those reported in studies elsewhere, we conclude that hydraulic efﬁciency does not provide a general explanation for anabranching in river channels. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term modelling of landslides for different forest management practices
Authors: Dhakal Amod S. , Sidle Roy C. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractLong‐term effects of different forest management practices on landslide initiation and volume were analysed using a physically based slope stability model. The watershed‐based model calculates the effects of multiple harvesting entries on slope stability by accounting for the cumulative impacts of a prior vegetation removal on a more recent removal related to vegetation root strength and tree surcharge. Four sequential clearcuts and partial cuts with variable rotation lengths were simulated with or without leave areas and with or without understorey vegetation in a subwatershed of Carnation Creek, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. The combined inﬁnite slope and distributed hydrologic models used to calculate safety factor revealed that most of the simulated landslides were clustered within a 5 to 17 year period after initial harvesting in cases where sufﬁcient time (c. 50 years) lapsed prior to the next harvesting cycle. Partial cutting produced fewer landslides and reduced landslide volume by 1·4‐ to 1·6‐fold compared to clearcutting. Approximately the same total landslide volume was produced when 100 per cent of the site was initially clearcut compared to harvesting 20 per cent of the area in successive 10 year intervals; a similar ﬁnding was obtained for partial cutting. Vegetation leave areas were effective in reducing landsliding by 2‐ to 3‐fold. Retaining vigorous understorey vegetation also reduced landslide volume by 3·8‐ to 4·8‐fold. The combined management strategies of partial cutting, increasing rotation length, provision of leave areas, and retention of viable understorey vegetation offer the best alternative for minimizing landslide occurrence in managed forests. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An accurate and efficient finite‐difference algorithm for non‐hydrostatic free‐surface flow with application to wave propagation
Authors: Stelling G. , Zijlema M. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA numerical technique is presented for the approximation of vertical gradient of the non‐hydrostatic pressure arising in the Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations for simulating non‐hydrostatic free‐surface flows. It is based on the Keller‐box method that take into account the effect of non‐hydrostatic pressure with a very small number of vertical grid points. As a result, the proposed technique is capable of simulating relatively short wave propagation, where both frequency dispersion and non‐linear effects play an important role, in an accurate and efficient manner. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate this; accurate wave characteristics are already achieved with only two layers. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multigrid pseudospectral method for steady flow computation
Authors: Chou Mo‐Hong 
Published: August 2003

AbstractIn this work two‐dimensional steady flow problems are cast into a fixed‐point formulation, Q = F(Q). The non‐linear operator, F, is an approximate pseudospectral solver to the Navier–Stokes equations. To search the solution we employ Picard iteration together with a one‐dimensional error minimization and a random perturbation in case of getting stuck. A monotone convergence is brought out, and is greatly improved by using a multigrid strategy. The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated by computing flow between eccentric rotating cylinders, and the regularized lid‐driven cavity flow with Reynolds number up to 1000. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Family influences on dysfunctional thinking in anxious children
Authors: Bögels Susan M. , van Dongen Lieke , Muris Peter 
Published: August 2003

AbstractAnxious children are found to interpret ambiguous stories in a negative way. The current study attempted to examine the possible influence of parental fear and parental interpretation bias on the maintenance of such an interpretation bias. Children varying in level of anxiety (n=25) and their parents, filled in a questionnaire to measure their own fears, and gave their interpretations concerning nine ambiguous stories, relevant for childhood ‘interactional’ anxieties: social anxiety, separation anxiety, and generalized anxiety. Then, parents were asked to talk with their children about three of the stories. After the family discussion the children had to give their final interpretations. Results indicated that parents' self‐reported fear level and interpretation bias were associated with children's interpretation bias before the family discussion. However, no evidence was found for the idea that parents maintain or enhance the interpretation bias of their children. That is, irrespective of parental fear and parental interpretation bias, children interpreted the ambiguous stories as less negative after discussing them with their parents. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An exploratory study of the kinematics of girls with Turner Syndrome in a visuo‐motor task
Authors: Smits‐Engelsman B.C.M. , Nijhuis van der Sanden M.W.G. , Duysens J. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractIn this paper a study is reported in which a group of children with Turner Syndrome (TS) is compared on motor performance tests and real‐time kinematic data with a control group. The objective of this study was to identify possible kinematic variables that characterize the movement patterns utilized by this group of children in achieving their optimal performance. The underlying idea is that by comparing test results and movement kinematics one might gain more insight into the movement production of children than by just looking at the test results or by just using clinical movement observation. The children performed a pen and paper task, the flower trail (one of the sub‐tests of the Movement ABC) (Henderson and Sugden, 1992), on an XY‐tablet. We explored kinematic variables, such as trajectory length, movement time, velocity and pen pressure. It was found that, although girls with TS have a severe motor deficit, they are able to draw a line accurately between two narrow boundaries just as well as the control children (no significant difference in mean number of spatial errors). However, quantitative analysis revealed that girls with TS made a large amount of deviations from the optimal path such that their trajectory length increased with more than 10% per flower trail compared to the control group children. They also made more pen lifts and more changes in velocity. The study showed that children from the two groups may reach the same basic accuracy performance level by using very different strategies. Kinematic registration of fine motor tasks holds promise in gaining more insight into how clinical groups cope with their specific motor problems. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.