bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Law-making activity in modern conditions: essential dimensions and functional orientation
Authors: Parkhomenko Nataliia , Tarakhonych Tetiana 
Published: December 2023

The article emphasizes that the effectiveness of state-making processes in any democratic state is determined by a number of factors, among which law-making occupies an important place as one of the main directions of state activity. Law-making is the result of the objective development of social relations, directly aimed at their regulation. The purpose, content and results of law-making activities are determined by various factors. Among them, the following ones are traditionally distinguished: professionalism of law-making subjects and their objectivity; the degree of influence and nature of the interests of individual social groups (the so-called lobbying); level of development of state legal institutions; legal culture of the population; form of government, government and regime; the nature of society’s mentality, etc.
It is substantiated that law-making is based on law-making policy. The task of law-making policy is to ensure the system, integrity and consistency of legislation, to eliminate gaps in the latter. Attention is drawn to the fact that law-making characterizes the development of law and is a legal form of activity of the state and authorized subjects in the development, adoption, change, suspension and cancellation of legal standards.
On the basis of clarifying the essential and meaningful features of law-making functions, their concept was formulated. It is emphasized that the functions of law-making should be understood as the directions of its influence on the development of social relations, which reveal its essence, nature and purpose in society and the state and are aimed at fulfilling certain of its tasks. Particular attention is paid to the types of law-making functions and their features are characterized.
The applicable law and the “centre of main interests” in cross-border insolvency: a comparison of the legal regulation in the uncitral model law on cross-border insolvency 1997 and the EU regulations 2000 and 2015 on insolvency proceedings
Authors: Poliakov Rodion 
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the common and distinctive features of the legal regulation of the applicable law and the “Center of Main Interests” in the EU Council Regulation No. 1346/2000 of 29 May 2000 on insolvency proceedings (hereinafter – the EU Regulation 2000), the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency of 1997 (hereinafter – the Model Law) and EU Regulation 2015/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2015 on insolvency proceedings (hereinafter – the 2015 EU Regulation). Albeit the provisions of the EU Regulation 2000 have lost their legal force, they are important for scientific and theoretical research in order to better demonstrate both the evolution of the intentions of the EU countries on the example of a comparison with the following act, and to better understand the state of affairs that existed at the beginning of 2000s on the European continent in a more “fair” time frame for the Model Law in comparison.
The purpose of the article is to identify common and distinctive features in the legal regulation of the applicable law and the “Center of Main Interests” according to the Model Law, EU Regulation 2000 and EU Regulation 2015. It is emphasized that the legal regulation of the applicable law contained in the EU Regulations 2000 and 2015 once again proves the affiliation of these acts to the theory of territorial universalism.
Based on the results of the research, the author concludes that summarizing the analysis of the three normative acts, it should be noted that the EU Regulations 2000 and 2015 contain a completely different legal mechanism for regulating the cross-border insolvency procedure compared to the Model Law, which, among other things, should be connected with different legal nature of these acts. The provisions of the EU Regulation 2015 regarding the determination of the debtor’s center of main interests are much more developed than the provisions of other comparable regulatory acts. The fact that the provisions of the EU Regulation 2000 regarding the consideration of the subjective factor such is the possibility of awareness of third parties in order to determine the center of main interests find their place in the EU Regulation 2015, once again indicates the appropriateness of such regulation.
Legal basis of personal data protection in Ukraine and Germany: organizational and managerial aspect
Authors: Bratasyuk Oksana 
Published: December 2023

The author emphasizes that the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is effective. It applies directly to all member states of the European Union. However, there are exceptions where member states can also adopt their own rules for certain areas. German lawmakers have used these introductory provisions in the Federal Data Protection Act (BDSG) and adapted national data protection laws in accordance with the GDPR so that they can continue to exist.
The system of federal data protection authorities in Germany is more complex than in other EU countries. In practice, this sometimes creates problems and indirectly becomes a competitive disadvantage for German companies. Although the introduction of the GDPR helped harmonize data protection rules across member states, regional differences still exist in Germany. Nevertheless, various instruments ensure better coordination between the data protection authorities of the individual federal states at the national level, as well as between the authorities in different EU member states at the European level, compared to the time before the GDPR came into force.
System and types of minority rights
Authors: Holovash Olena 
Published: December 2023

This article deals with the issue of the protection of national minority rights and the system of human rights protection in general. The author reviews the latest research and publications of scholars from Ukraine and abroad. The author describes the regulatory provisions of the current legislation in this area. It is noted that national minorities are an important component of society and have the right to protect their rights and interests. The author also examines the definition of a national minority and its types, as well as the system of protection of national minority rights in the UN and the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The author also emphasizes that the topic of minorities, in particular, LGBT people, is very relevant today and is actively discussed in journalism, special scientific literature, political practice and law- making. The article reveals the scientific approaches to systematization of the main issue of this scientific issue. The author identifies the advantages and disadvantages of scholars’ approaches to the article’s subject matter. Most types of minority rights are analyzed. This topic concerns not only human rights issues but also general stability and peace in society.
In general, the article concludes that the protection of national minority rights is an important component of human rights protection in general. Society must take measures to ensure equality and protect the rights of minorities, as this has an impact on the preservation of peace and harmony in society as a whole. Various international and national instruments and bodies exist to ensure the protection of national minority rights, such as the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the European Court of Human Rights and others. However, further work is needed to improve the system of protection of national minority rights, as problems of discrimination and rights violations still exist.
Understanding and respect for the rights of national minorities is a prerequisite for any progressive society, as it contributes to the preservation of peace and harmony in society as a whole.
The European way of Ukraine for the organization of search and rescue at sea
Authors: Kuprii Alla 
Published: December 2023

The article examines the legal framework for the organization of search and rescue at sea in Ukraine in the context of European integration, and also investigates the existing shortcomings and overlaps in the distribution of functions and assignment of tasks between the State structures of Ukraine, and identifies the areas for reforming the organization of search and rescue at sea to improve efficiency and bring Ukraine closer to the state of search and rescue at sea in the European Union (EU).
The relevance of the study lies in the strategic direction of Ukraine towards EU membership and the approximation of Ukrainian legislation to that of the European Union, which requires reform of legal regulation in the field of search and rescue at sea in Ukraine.
Ukraine, as a maritime state and a member of the International Maritime Organization, has assumed an international obligation under the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979, and acceded to it by Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine No. 2786-XII of November 17, 1992.
Accordingly, the purpose of the publication is to conduct a theoretical study of the issues related to Ukraine’s implementation of the international obligation to search for and save human life in case of maritime disaster in the context of European integration and trends for its improvement.
The methodological basis of the study is a systematic structural analysis of the organizational (institutional) and legal regulation of search and rescue at sea.
The article also provides conclusions on the areas of legal reform and improvement of the efficiency of the organization of search and rescue at sea in Ukraine with a view to improving the legal regulation of this area of legal relations to a level which would be in line with international standards and bring it closer to the legislation of the European Union.
Immobilized algae for heavy metals remediation in textile wastewater
Authors: Pradana Aris Bagus , Buchori Luqman , Pratama Wahyu Diski , Pratiwi Wahyu Zuli , Hadiyanto  
Published: December 2023

Textile wastewater has characteristics of concentrated color and containing high concentration of COD, BOD, N, P, and heavy metals. Some wastewater treatments have been developed for removal waste contaminant, especially heavy metal such as precipitation, evaporation, electroplating, ion exchange, and membrane process. These methods have disadvantages such as unpredictable of heavy metal, high reagent requirement, and generation of toxic sludge. Biosorption using immobilized algae give the alternative method to removal heavy metal in textile wastewater because of increased stability in the matrix. The main purpose of this research was to determine the adsorption of textile wastewater heavy metal using immobilized microalgae. The best ratio bead: wastewater (v/v) for removal heavy metal by immobilized microalgae of textile wastewater heavy metal in batch system was 1:3. Heavy metal Cu decreased as much as 89% with the highest final concentration of 0.2 ppm. Ability of Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis to reduce heavy metals Cr was 89% and 90% with a final concentration of 1.6 ppm and 1.5 ppm. Uptake heavy metal Cu and Cr of textile wastewater by Chlorella vulgaris reach 1.9 mg/g and 16.3 mg/g. Meanwhile for Spirulina platensis reach 1.7 mg/g and 14.7 mg/g. Based on the Langmuir equation, biosorption by Chlorella vulgaris have qmax and Kb value of heavy metal Cu was 1,984 mg/g and 0,014 mg/L. On heavy metal Cr, qmax and Kb value were 15.873 mg/g and 0.079 mg/L. Spirulina platensis have qmax and Kb value of heavy metal Cu were 1,798 mg/g and 0,014 mg/L. On heavy metal Cr qmax and Kb value were 14.925 mg/g and 0.0445 mg/L.
Development of inbound extreme tourism from Southeast Asian countries in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
Authors: Ivanov Maksim Vasil'evich 
Published: December 2023

Forms of tourism associated with risk and danger are now dynamically developing cultural industries all over the world. The article is devoted to the development of tourism in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), first of all, to the problems of attracting foreign fans of extreme and adventure tourism, mainly from Southeast Asian countries. As drivers of the tourist flow, it is proposed to pay attention to tourists from the People's Republic of China. In order to implement a competent marketing policy to attract Chinese tourists, it is proposed to take into account the peculiarities of traditional and modern spiritual culture of China in the aspect of tourist motivation. To attract tourists from China, it is considered necessary to develop and offer short-term winter tours with extreme elements in central Yakutia. To study the tourist value and semantic orientations of tourists from Southeast Asia, using the example of Chinese citizens, the works of Chinese researchers in English were used. The author believes that in order to offer a competitive product in the market of extreme tourism, it is necessary to take into account the influence of cultural values and traditions on motivational attitudes, basic requirements and expectations from extreme tours, depending on region or country. Due to the change in the foreign policy situation in the 20s of the XXI century, as well as the increased flow of Chinese tourists on the international market, the policy of attracting tourists from Southeast Asia is becoming the main and decisive for the development of international tourism in the republic. For the development of mass tourism with extreme elements, it is proposed to use the tourist resources of central Yakutia, where winter, short-term tours can be offered that can meet the needs of foreign, primarily Chinese tourists.
ИЗ ИСТОРИИ БОРЬБЫ ЗА ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ СУВЕРЕНИТЕТ В РОССИИ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Ваганов Андрей Геннадьевич 
Published: December 2023

Технологический суверенитет стал в России почти национальной идеей. Что не удивительно. 25 апреля 1918 г. В.И. Ленин закончил небольшую, но часто цитируемую, заметку – “Набросок плана научно-технических работ”. В этот план, по мысли Ленина, должно было входить и “Наибольшее обеспечение теперешней Российской Советской республике (без Украины и без занятых немцами областей) возможности самостоятельно снабдить себя всеми главнейшими видами сырья и промышленности”. Спустя сто лет идея “технологического суверенитета” была утверждена в поручениях Президента РФ по итогам Петербургского экономического форума в 2022 г.
Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Germanium(II) Cationic Compounds
Authors: Mukherjee Nilanjana , Khan Souvik , Haldar Hritwik , Majumdar Moumita 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The syntheses and stabilizations of germanium(II) cationic compounds have been known for long. Contemporary research have been engaged in tailoring the germanium(II) cationic species for applications in small‐molecule activation and catalysis. This article comprises the discussion on the three major types of germanium(II) cationic compounds: (1) germanium(II) monocation or germyliumylidene, (2) bis(germyliumylidene), and (3) germanium(II) dication. Herein, earlier reports on the stabilization of germanium(II) mono‐ and dications have been briefly mentioned. The article includes the latest findings on the stabilization of the germanium(II) cationic species. The major focus of the article has been on discussing how the choice of the supporting ligands becomes the determining factor for tuning the frontier electronics and hence the applicability of the cationic germanium(II) compounds. Examples of bond activation at the ambiphilic germanium(II) monocationic sites and their catalytic applications, element–ligand cooperative bond activations, transition metal‐main group cooperative catalysis, reverse polarization at the germanium(II) cationic site, cooperative interactions between two germanium(II) cationic sites, leading to organic transformations, etc., which are some of the remarkable findings, have been discussed. This overview on the advancements made in this field will provide a background knowledge for further explorations.
B‐Site Co‐Doping Coupled with Additive Passivation Pushes the Efficiency of Pb–Sn Mixed Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells to Over 17%
Authors: Zhang Weihai , Liu Heng , Qu Yating , Cui Jieshun , Zhang Wenjun , Shi Tingting , Wang Hsing‐Lin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPb–Sn mixed inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered increasing interest as a viable solution to mitigate the thermal instability and lead toxicity of hybrid lead‐based PSCs. However, the relatively poor structural stability and low device efficiency hinder its further development. Herein, high‐performance manganese (Mn)‐doped Pb–Sn–Mn‐based inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are successfully developed by introducing Benzhydroxamic Acid (BHA) as multifunctional additive. The incorporation of smaller divalent Mn cations contributes to a contraction of the perovskite crystal, leading to an improvement in structural stability. The BHA additive containing a reductive hydroxamic acid group (O═C–NHOH) not only mitigates the notorious oxidation of Sn2+ but also interacts with metal ions at the B‐site and passivates related defects. This results in films with high crystallinity and low defect density. Moreover, the BHA molecules tend to introduce a near‐vertical dipole moment that parallels the built‐in electric field, thus facilitating charge carrier extraction. Consequently, the resulting device delivers a champion PCE as high as 17.12%, which represents the highest reported efficiency for Pb–Sn‐based inorganic PSCs thus far. Furthermore, the BHA molecule provides an in situ encapsulation of the perovskite grain boundary, resulting in significant enhancement of device air stability.
Microneedles‐Mediated Intradermal Delivery of Paclitaxel/Anti‐PD‐1 for Efficient and Safe Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Jiachen , Wen Ting , Chen Hangping , Huang Sicong , Guo Rui , Zheng Yanfang , Xiao Zecong , Shuai Xintao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains one of the most fatal diseases in human populations, characterized by a high incidence and mortality rate. Although the conjunction of chemotherapeutic agents, like nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel (nab‐PTX), and immune checkpoint inhibitors, exemplified by the anti‐PD‐1 antibody (aPD‐1), has surfaced as a promising modality for TNBC treatment, the optimization of their synergistic therapeutic impact while concurrently curtailing associated adverse reactions poses a persistent challenge. Here, a soluble microneedle (MN) delivery platform (designated as aPD‐1/PTX NPs@MN) for the codelivery of nab‐PTX and aPD‐1 is developed. The soluble MN‐based delivery system is anticipated to enhance the local accumulation of therapeutic agents, reducing the adverse effects associated with systemic administration. Simultaneously, heightened concentrations of glutathione within the tumor microenvironment may trigger the liberation of nab‐PTX and aPD‐1, inducing immunogenic cell death to promote antitumor T cells infiltration and activation by blocking the immunosuppressive PD‐1 pathway, potentially culminating in a triumphant chemoimmunotherapy strategy for TNBC.
Microwave Quasi‐Solid State to Construct Strong Metal‐Support Interactions with Interfacial Electron‐Enriched Ru for Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolysis
Authors: Yang Pengfei , Liu Fusheng , Zang Xingchao , Xin Liantao , Xiao Weiping , Xu Guangrui , Li Hui , Li Zhenjiang , Ma Tianyi , Wang Jinsong , Wu Zexing , Wang Lei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRegulating the metal‐support interaction of the anchored metal nanoclusters is recognized as valid approach to optimize the electrocatalytic performance through tuning the interfacial electronic structure. However, developing novel support and understanding the interfacial electron accumulation on modulating the reaction kinetics are still elusive. Herein, highly‐dispersed Ruthenium (Ru) nanoclusters anchored onto phosphorous doped molybdenum boride (Ru/P‐MoB) is developed through ultrafast microwave‐plasma (60 s) approach. The synthesized Ru/P‐MoB impressively promote the hydrogen evolution with low overpotentials of 34, 45, and 40 mV to drive 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline freshwater, alkaline seawater and acid media. Specially, it presents superior turnover frequency and mass/specific activity relative to Pt/C, Ru/C, and Ru/MoB. Moreover, the anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzer cell based on Ru/P‐MoB can achieve 500 and 1000 mA cm−2 with small voltages of 1.71 and 1.78 V with good durability. Experimental and density functional theoretical (DFT) analysis reveal that the strong metal‐support interactions (Ru─Mo and Ru─P bonds) with generated interfacial electron‐enriched Ru, and then favoring the water‐molecule adsorption/dissociation and optimal H intermediate adsorption free energy. This work provides novel designing avenue to exploit electrocatalysts with outstanding catalytic performance under high current density at practical high‐temperature.
Harnessing Electrochemical‐Mechanical Couplings to Improve the Reliability of Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Monismith Scott , Fincher Cole D. , Chiang Yet‐Ming , Qu Jianmin , Dingreville Rémi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOne key barrier to using lithium‐metal anode batteries is that metal dendrites can penetrate solid electrolytes, causing short‐circuits and battery failures. It is established that this failure is likely caused by crack propagation due to electrodeposition‐induced stresses from lithium metal. This study explores ways to harness these electrochemical‐mechanical couplings to control dendrite growth and improve battery reliability using a phase‐field model and targeted fracture experiments. The results show that dendrite growth can be effectively mitigated by applying mechanical stresses or tailoring the material's fracture toughness. This study also outlines the requirements for compressive stress to halt or deflect dendrites as a function of the overpotential and discusses the role of microstructure in this process.
Examining the impact of trading volume on liquidity and prices in China's soybean complex
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Li Jian , Wang Linjie , Etienne Xiaoli 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper presents liquidity measures in high resolution and investigates the impact of trading volume on market liquidity and prices in China's soybean complex markets. We document a U‐shaped distribution of volume and spreads over the course of a trading day. Quantile regression results show that trading volume tends to tighten bid‐ask spreads but widen spreads in the lower tail. We further find that the impact of trading volume on prices is significantly more pronounced during the opening hours, possibly indicating a higher prevalence of informed trading. Additionally, smaller‐sized transactions have a disproportionately larger impact on prices compared to large‐sized orders, a possible indication that stealth trading, that is, shaving large orders into smaller slices to conceal private information, presents in China's soybean complex.