bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Drug Utilization and Dose Intensity Pattern in Dyslipidemic Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Safwan Abdul , G. Suresh , Shaji Bipin , Sridhar Srinitha , Kolar Reshma , Joel Juno Jerold 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDyslipidemia can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in individuals with metabolic diseases. Patients may have to take multiple medications simultaneously, leading to polypharmacy. A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate drug utilization and dose intensity patterns in dyslipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus over an 8-month period at a tertiary care hospital. The study included the case sheets of patients diagnosed with dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes. The required data for the study were collected from the patient's case sheets from the Medical Records Department (from June 2015 to May 2020). The data were documented using MS Excel 2013 and analyzed descriptively using SPSS software version 20. Among the 384 study population, 53% were males and 47% were females, with an age group of 45 to 59 years. Metformin and glimepiride were the most commonly prescribed oral hypoglycemic agents, while glibenclamide was the least prescribed. Atorvastatin was the most prescribed hypolipidemic agent. The combination of atorvastatin and fenofibrate was the most preferred combination therapy. The most frequently prescribed hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agents were metformin and atorvastatin, respectively. Dyslipidemic patients with diabetes mellitus require the administration of multiple medications. It is crucial to monitor medication adherence and medication-related problems among these populations.
Long-Term Survival after Primary Ewing's Sarcoma of the Skull with Intracranial Extension
Authors: Rainov Nikolai G. , Haritonov Dimitar , Heidecke Volkmar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background and Objective Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the skull is a very rare malignant neoplasm, predominantly occurring in children and adolescents. We describe here the clinical, neuroradiologic, and histopathologic features of a patient with primary Ewing's sarcoma of the skull and discuss the standards of therapy for this type of tumor.
Clinical Presentation This 18-year-old male patient presented with a primary Ewing's sarcoma of the skull, involving the dura of the frontal and parietal lobes of the left cerebral hemisphere. He was treated with gross total surgical excision of tumor, skull reconstruction, chemotherapy, and irradiation. Twelve years after the surgery, the patient has no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastases. Radical surgical excision of the primary tumor with safety margins is thought to play a role in the favorable clinical course.
Conclusion The presented case is the longest surviving patient after treatment of primary Ewing's sarcoma of the skull bone. This rare type of tumor may allow better survival rates under adequate management than sarcoma elsewhere in the body.
Artificial Intelligence in studies—use of ChatGPT and AI-based tools among students in Germany
Authors: von Garrel Jörg , Mayer Jana 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAI-based tools such as ChatGPT and GPT-4 are currently changing the university landscape and in many places, the consequences for future forms of teaching and examination are already being discussed. In order to create an empirical basis for this, a nationwide survey of students was carried out in order to analyse the use and possible characteristics of AI-based tools that are important to students. The aim of the quantitative study is to be able to draw conclusions about how students use such AI tools. A total of more than 6300 students across Germany took part in the anonymous survey. The results of this quantitative analysis make it clear that almost two-thirds of the students surveyed use or have used AI-based tools as part of their studies. In this context, almost half of the students explicitly mention ChatGPT or GPT-4 as a tool they use. Students of engineering sciences, mathematics and natural sciences use AI-based tools most frequently. A differentiated examination of the usage behaviour makes it clear that students use AI-based tools in a variety of ways. Clarifying questions of understanding and explaining subject-specific concepts are the most relevant reasons for use in this context.
The comparison of potential key genes on rat uterus and mammary gland regulated by estradiol
Authors: Zhang Jian , Cui Yan 
Published: November 2023

Context Although numerous studies have investigated the regulation of estrogen (E2) on the female reproductive system, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the specific genes and pathways involved in E2 regulation of the uterus and breast. Aims The aim of this study was to explore the shared genes and pathways involved in estrogen regulation of the uterus and mammary gland, which could provide a theoretical basis for disease treatment. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was employed to identify potential genes and pathways associated with E2 regulation of the uterus and breast. Key results The analysis revealed 233 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in datasets GSE89321 and GSE95783 (adjusted-P < 0.05). Additionally, five KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways were identified: Glutathione Metabolism Pathway, Chagas Disease Pathway, Leishmaniasis Pathway, Complement and Coagulation Cascades Pathway, and p53 Signalling Pathway. A protein interaction network was constructed, and 10 hub genes (Alb, Il1a, Serpine1, Timp1, Ccl11, Fos, Krt19, Krt7, Lcn2, and C3) were selected, with Alb being the highest scoring hub gene. The study also predicted the association of Mo-mir-200a-5p and Mo-Mir-200a-3p with Alb and Krt19. Furthermore, 28 DEGs were identified in E2 regulation of the mammary gland, encompassing pathways such as Acute Myeloid Leukemia, ErbB Signalling Pathway, Th1 and Th2 Cell Differentiation, Th17 Cell Differentiation, and Transcriptional Misregulation in Cancer. Hub genes in the mammary gland included Pgr, Gata3, Areg, Prom1, Stat5a, Cldn4, Greb1, Tfap2c, Pdk4, and Mb. Prom1, Prom2, Fam84a, and Padi2 were found to be common DEGs in E2 regulation of both the uterus and mammary gland. Conclusions The findings of this study, together with functional annotation and pathway analysis, suggest that Alb serves as a marker protein in E2 regulation of uterus development. Additionally, Prom1, Prom2, Fam84a, and Padi2 are identified as common DEGs involved in E2 regulation of both the uterus and mammary gland. Implications This study provides comprehensive omics data to elucidate the mechanisms underlying estrogen regulation of the uterus and mammary gland, opening up new research directions for disease treatment.
The Wancho language of Kamhua Noknu village
Authors: Losu Banwang , Morey Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article compares the word list collected by and published in LTBA 21.2 by the late Robbins Burling and Mr Mankai Wangsu in 1998, a word list that represents ‘Lower Wancho’, with a word list collected from Mr Banwang Losu of Kamhua Noknu village, in the Upper Wancho area. Along with the word list and a brief discussion of the phonology of this Upper Wancho variety, we introduce the Wancho script, created by Banwang Losu, now included in Unicode and being used for teaching in the Wancho area. The article includes an introduction presenting information about the diversity of clans and linguistic varieties with what we now term Wancho, and also contains a brief phonological overview with script included and some grammatical information relating to verb stem alternation found in Wancho, and mostly expressed by tone variation between the stems.
Emergence of the honorific register in Tibetic languages
Authors: Bialek Joanna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article presents the first diachronic investigation of the honorific register in Tibetic languages. Although all historically attested Tibetic languages possess at least some rudimentary forms used to convey respect to others, no reconstruction of their origins has been previously attempted. In the article, the distinction is made between primary or simple honorifics and secondary or complex honorifics that are derived from the primary ones. It is argued that primary honorifics evolved from common lexical units by metaphorical extension and, strengthened through their use in ceremonial contexts, were eventually re-interpreted as expressing social deixis, originally with respect to the royal family, later extended to other persons of higher social standing.
Spatially homogeneous universes with late-time anisotropy
Authors: Constantin Andrei , Harvey Thomas R , von Hausegger Sebastian , Lukas Andre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The cosmological principle asserts that on sufficiently large scales the Universe is homogeneous and isotropic on spatial slices. To deviate from this principle requires a departure from the FLRW ansatz. In this paper we analyze the cosmological evolution of two spatially homogeneous but anisotropic universes, namely the spatially closed Kantowski–Sachs Universe and the open axisymmetric Bianchi type III Universe. These models are characterized by two scale factors and we study their evolution in universes with radiation, matter and a cosmological constant. In all cases, the two scale factors evolve differently and this anisotropy leads to a lensing effect in the propagation of light. We derive explicit formulae for computing redshifts, angular diameter distances and luminosity distances and discuss the predictions of these models in relation to observations for type Ia supernovae and the CMB. We comment on the possibility of explaining the observed luminosity distance plot for type Ia supernovae within the context of cosmologies featuring late-time anisotropy and a vanishing cosmological constant.
Device development with a mathematical model to study heat capacity of liquids
Authors: Tadta Kritsada , Worrasookwanich Bodin , Tanalikhit Pattarapon , Kanchanapusakit Wittaya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A simple device for studying the heat capacity of water was constructed for classroom use. It consists of a water-filled closed container with an inserted heating rod and a thermometer. Initially, the water temperature increases linearly with time but later shows a deviation from the linear trend. To explain the result, the heating rate is assumed to be proportional to the difference between the temperature of the rod and that of water. The device can also be used to measure the specific heat capacity of other common liquids. This article demonstrates a simple equipment design together with an application of calculus in an introductory undergraduate physics laboratory. It presents an opportunity for project-based learning as well as problem solving with an emphasis on mathematical model development.
Efficient infrared nine-channel reflective polarization-dependent splitter
Authors: Liang Guoyu , Wang Bo , Xu Yuqing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In order to meet the requirements of a multi-beam splitter in optical communication systems, an efficient infrared nine-channel reflective polarization-dependent beam splitter based on an addition-shaped ridge structure is proposed. All structural parameters of this polarization-dependent beam splitter are derived from the rigorous coupled-wave analysis. Upon the vertical entry of a plane wave with a wavelength of 800 nm into the grating, for transverse magnetic polarization, the diffraction efficiencies are 10.66%, 10.69%, 10.69%, 10.65%, and 10.67% at 0th, ±1st, ±2nd, ±3rd and ±4th orders, respectively. For transverse electric polarization, the diffraction efficiencies of the 0th, ±1st, ±2nd, ±3rd and ±4th orders are 10.79%, 10.86%, 10.88%, 10.84%, and 10.86%, respectively. In addition, the tolerance analysis in this paper reveals the practicality and efficiency of this beam splitter. Therefore, the addition-shaped ridge structure has a good performance of uniformity and broad application prospects in nine-channel reflective applications.
Leveraging SN Ia spectroscopic similarity to improve the measurement of H
0
Authors: Murakami Yukei S. , Riess Adam G. , Stahl Benjamin E. , D'Arcy Kenworthy W. , Pluck Dahne-More A. , Macoretta Antonella , Brout Dillon , Jones David O. , Scolnic Dan M. , Filippenko Alexei V. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent studies suggest spectroscopic differences explain a fraction of the variation in
Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) luminosities after light-curve/color standardization. In this work, (i)
we empirically characterize the variations of standardized SN Ia luminosities, and (ii) we use a
spectroscopically inferred parameter, SIP, to improve the precision of SNe Ia along the distance
ladder and the determination of the Hubble constant (H
0). First, we show that the
Pantheon+ covariance model modestly overestimates the uncertainty of standardized
magnitudes by ∼ 7%, in the parameter space used by the SH0ES Team to measure H
0;
accounting for this alone yields H
0 = 73.01 ± 0.92 km s-1 Mpc-1. Furthermore,
accounting for spectroscopic similarity between SNe Ia on the distance ladder reduces their
relative scatter to ∼ 0.12 mag per object (compared to ∼ 0.14 mag
previously). Combining these two findings in the model of SN covariance, we find an overall 14%
reduction (to ± 0.85 km s-1 Mpc-1) of the uncertainty in the Hubble constant and
a modest increase in its value. Including a budget for systematic uncertainties itemized by Riess
et al. (2022a), we report an updated local Hubble constant with ∼ 1.2% uncertainty, H
0 =
73.29 ± 0.90 km s-1 Mpc-1. We conclude that spectroscopic differences among
photometrically standardized SNe Ia do not explain the “Hubble tension”. Rather, accounting for
such differences increases its significance, as the discrepancy against ΛCDM calibrated by
the Planck 2018 measurement rises to 5.7σ.
Ultra high energy cosmic rays from tidal disruption events
Authors: Piran T. , Beniamini P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe tidal disruption event AT2018hyz, was a regular optically detected one with no special prompt features. However, almost three years after the disruption it suddenly displayed a fast-rising radio flare. The flare is most naturally interpreted as arising from an off-axis relativistic jet. We didn't see the jet at early times as its emission was relativistically beamed away from us. However, we could see the radiation once the jet has slowed down due to interaction with the surrounding matter. Analysis of the radio data enabled estimates of the jet's kinetic energy and its opening angle as well as the conditions (size and magnetic field) within the radio-emitting region. We show here that such a jet satisfies the Hillas condition for the acceleration of UHECRs to the highest energies. We also show that the rate and total power of this event are consistent with the observed luminosity density of UHECRs. These results strongly support earlier suggestions that TDEs are the sources of UHECRs.
Comparative Analysis of Image-shift Measurement Algorithms for Solar Shack–Hartmann Wavefront Sensors
Authors: Wei Xiya , Quintero Noda Carlos , Zhang Lanqiang , Rao Changhui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Observations of the Sun provide unique insights into its structure, evolution, and activity, with significant implications for space weather forecasting and solar energy technologies. Ground-based telescopes offer cost-effective and flexible solutions for high-resolution solar observations, but image quality can be affected by atmospheric turbulence. Adaptive optics (AO) systems equipped with Shack–Hartmann wave front sensors (SH-WFS) enable real-time image correction to mitigate these effects. The accuracy of SH-WFS relies on correlation algorithms that measure wave front shifts, but reaching consistent conclusions regarding their accuracy remains challenging. In this study, we conducted an evaluation and comparison of standard correlation algorithms (the Square Difference Function, Normalized Cross-Correlation, Absolute Difference Function, Absolute Difference Function-Squared, and the Covariance Function in the frequency domain (CFF)) using simulated and authentic solar images. We optimized the algorithms through pre-processing techniques and carefully selected the most suitable window function for the CFF algorithm. Additionally, we analyzed the influence of various factors, such as shift ranges, bias, and the size of live images on the accuracy of algorithms. The consistent findings revealed that the CFF algorithm demonstrates superior measurement accuracy and robustness compared to the others. Choosing the CFF algorithm for solar observations can significantly enhance measurement accuracy, AO system performance, and the overall quality of solar research findings, thereby providing crucial support for space weather forecasting and other related scientific fields.
Calibration procedures and data correction of ePix100 detectors at the European XFEL
Authors: Duarte N. , Ahmed K. , Cascella M. , Hauf S. , Preston T. , Shayduk R. , Turcato M. , Ramilli M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The European XFEL is a research facility that delivers extremely bright and short coherent X-ray pulses of tunable energy at MHz repetition rate, providing unprecedented capabilities to conduct scientific research across multiple domains. Among the suite of deployed detectors, several ePix100 modules, belonging to the family of ePix detectors developed at SLAC, are used. These charge-integrating hybrid pixel detectors offer single-photon resolution for energies above 2 keV and a dynamic range of 100 photons at 8 keV. Their low noise, small pixel size, compact dimensions, maneuverability and vacuum compatibility make them an attractive choice for some of the hard X-ray instruments at the European XFEL for imaging, spectroscopy, and scattering experiments.

The European XFEL is committed to providing users with completely corrected detector data. To achieve this goal, periodic calibration procedures are conducted to generate calibration constants that allow the conversion of raw detector output into physically meaningful information through a series of successive data correction steps. In this work, an overview of the ePix100 calibration procedures and correction algorithms will be provided, with a focus on particularly relevant processes for this detector, such as common mode noise and charge sharing correction.
Recent advances of polymeric nanoplatforms for cancer treatment: smart delivery systems (SDS), nanotheranostics and multidrug resistance (MDR) inhibition
Authors: Gupta Urvashi , Maity Dipak , Sharma Virender K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nanotheranostics is a promising field that combines the benefits of diagnostic and treatment into a single nano-platform that not only administers treatment but also allows for real-time monitoring of therapeutic response, decreasing the possibility of under/over-drug dosing. Furthermore, developing smart delivery systems (SDSs) for cancer theranostics that can take advantage of various tumour microenvironment (TME) conditions (such as deformed tumour vasculature, various over-expressed receptor proteins, reduced pH, oxidative stress, and resulting elevated glutathione levels) can aid in achieving improved pharmacokinetics, higher tumour accumulation, enhanced antitumour efficacy, and/or decreased side effects and multidrug resistance (MDR) inhibition. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) are being widely investigated in this regard due to their unique features such as small size, passive/active targeting possibility, better pharmaceutical kinetics and biological distribution, decreased adverse reactions of the established drugs, inherent inhibitory properties to MDR efflux pump proteins, as well as the feasibility of delivering numerous therapeutic substances in just one design. Hence in this review, we have primarily discussed PNPs based targeted and/or controlled SDSs in which we have elaborated upon different TME mediated nanotheranostic platforms (NTPs) including active/passive/magnetic targeting platforms along with pH/ROS/redox-responsive platforms. Besides, we have elucidated different imaging guided cancer therapeutic platforms based on four major cancer imaging techniques i.e., fluorescence/photo-acoustic/radionuclide/magnetic resonance imaging, Furthermore, we have deliberated some of the most recently developed PNPs based multimodal NTPs (by combining two or more imaging or therapy techniques on a single nanoplatform) in cancer theranostics. Moreover, we have provided a brief update on PNPs based NTP which are recently developed to overcome MDR for effective cancer treatment. Additionally, we have briefly discussed about the tissue biodistribution/tumour targeting efficiency of these nanoplatforms along with recent preclinical/clinical studies. Finally, we have elaborated on various limitations associated with PNPs based nanoplatforms.
Importance of realistic zonal currents in depicting the evolution of tropical central Pacific sea surface temperature
Authors: Pang Da , Fang Xianghui , Wang Lei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Classical El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) theories mainly consider the vertical process-related Ekman and thermocline feedbacks. However, the zonal current-related zonal advective feedback has been suggested to play a crucial role in the evolution of central Pacific (CP) El Niño and La Niña events. Also, the simulation of a realistic current is complex and not the focus of the classical ENSO theories. Using reanalysis datasets and a statistical model, this study emphasizes the importance of the zonal currents in the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) evolution in the Niño4 region (160° E–150° W, 5° S–5° N). Specifically, in addition to the widely used predictors for the ENSO evolution, i.e. the equatorial Pacific mean thermocline depth anomaly (D20) and the zonal wind stress anomaly (ZWS), the zonal current anomaly (ZCA) averaged in the CP is first extracted to construct a statistical model to predict the SSTA of the Niño4 region. The results show that this model has improved overall prediction skill and accuracy for several CP El Niño and La Niña events during 1980–2020, compared with the benchmark linear regression model based on D20 and ZWS. By further removing the components related to the equatorial Kelvin and first symmetric meridional (

m
=
1

) Rossby waves (namely, the principal part of the traditional ENSO mechanism) from the ZCA, the remainder, which contains higher-order Rossby waves and other nonlinear components and is called the zonal current anomaly residual (ZCA_RSD), is found to be the key part of the improvements in the prediction skill. This suggests that to better simulate and predict the complex ENSO events, more vertical and meridional modes of the tropical Pacific need to be included to obtain a realistic anomalous zonal current.