bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GFRNet: Rethinking the global contexts extraction in medical images segmentation through matrix factorization and self‐attention
Authors: Chen Lifang , Wang Shanglai , Wan Li , Su Jianghu , Wang Shunfeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDue to the large fluctuations of the boundaries and internal variations of the lesion regions in medical image segmentation, current methods may have difficulty capturing sufficient global contexts effectively to deal with these inherent challenges, which may lead to a problem of segmented discrete masks undermining the performance of segmentation. Although self‐attention can be implemented to capture long‐distance dependencies between pixels, it has the disadvantage of computational complexity and the global contexts extracted by self‐attention are still insufficient. To this end, the authors propose the GFRNet, which resorts to the idea of low‐rank matrix factorization by forming global contexts locally to obtain global contexts that are totally different from contexts extracted by self‐attention. The authors effectively integrate the different global contexts extract by self‐attention and low‐rank matrix factorization to extract versatile global contexts. Also, to recover the spatial contexts lost during the matrix factorization process and enhance boundary contexts, the authors propose the Modified Matrix Decomposition module which employ depth‐wise separable convolution and spatial augmentation in the low‐rank matrix factorization process. Comprehensive experiments are performed on four benchmark datasets showing that GFRNet performs better than the relevant CNN and transformer‐based recipes.
Network‐constrained unit commitment‐based virtual power plant model in the day‐ahead market according to energy management strategy
Authors: Pirouzi Sasan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEnergy management of a virtual power plant (VPP) that consists of wind farm (WF), energy storage systems and a demand response program is discussed in the present study. The introduced strategy is realized at the electrical power transmission level and takes into account the collaboration between VPPs in day‐ahead energy and reserve markets. One notable feature of the proposed strategy is attempting to make the revenue of VPPs close to the operating cost of generating units as much as possible. The objective function is subjected to the network‐constrained unit commitment model, up and down reserve requirements and the proposed VPP constraints. This method is taking into account the uncertainty in system and VPP loads, day‐ahead market energy and reserve price and WF power generation. This strategy is applied as hybrid stochastic‐robust scheduling to the VPP at the electrical power transmission level, where the scenario‐based stochastic programming models the uncertainty of day‐ahead market prices, and the bounded uncertainty‐based robust optimization has been adopted to model the uncertainties related to the load and WF power. Scheme has been tested on IEEE systems. According to the obtained results, the proposed coordination of VPPs in the mentioned markets demonstrates capability of suggested strategy.
Frequency and polarisation selective surface for sub‐millimetre wave atmospheric remote sensing
Authors: Chen Zhaoran , Li Yuying , Huang Kaiyan , Zhao Guozhong , Deng Jinshan , Wang Zezhong , Hu Junjie , Yao Xiayuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA novel Frequency and Polarisation Selective Surface (FPSS) is proposed, which separates two adjacent bands with a narrow transition zone by the staggered separation scheme and is suitable for atmospheric remote sensing. The traditional FSS is transparent in a particular frequency band for both the TE and TM polarisations, while it is opaque in another band for both orthogonal polarisations. The FPSS is introduced in a new splitting scheme that operates above 300 GHz. The channel 420–430 GHz of the TE polarisation and the channel 360–400 GHz of the TM polarisation transmit in the FPSS. In contrast, the band 360–400 GHz of the TE polarisation and the channel 420–430 GHz of the TM polarisation are reflected. The water vapour and the oxygen profiles are detected by the 380 GHz band and the 425 GHz band, respectively. The insertion loss is lower than 1 dB, and the reflection band rejection is superior to 10 dB in the experiment, which determine the sensitivities of the bright temperature by 1.5 (RMS K). The scattered wave of the FPSS is calculated through the far field pattern, the maximum of which is about 5%. The side effect of the scattered wave is able to be ignored in the optical path.
Radar active deception jamming recognition based on Siamese squeeze wavelet attention network
Authors: Wu Zhenhua , Wang Tengxin , Cao Yice , Zhang Man , Yang Lixia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractActive deception jamming recognition has gained significant attention as a crucial aspect of modern electronic warfare, and a large quantity of jamming recognition methods based on either artificial or deep learning methods have been proposed to date. In actual complex battlefields, the abundant deceptive jamming signals are extremely difficult to obtain and the deceptive jamming signals leveraged by the adversarial jammers are often significantly influenced by noise. To address these challenges a Siamese squeeze wavelet attention network (SSWAN) for radar active deception jamming recognition method is proposed. By constructing a wavelet attention module (WAM), the fine‐grained time‐frequency texture features of echo and jamming signals are preferably extracted even under prohibitively strong noise scenarios. Specifically, the Siamese structure is employed as the main backbone network to measure the similarity between jamming signals and make full use of the training samples; besides, the squeeze learning module is embedded to maintain lightweight and prevent overfitting. Experimental results demonstrate that at a jamming‐to‐noise ratio (JNR) of −8 dB, the proposed method achieves recognition accuracies above 96.3% for 6‐class and multi‐class combinational active deceptive jamming types. Overall, compared to mainstream deep networks, the proposed method exhibits superior advantages in lower JNR ratio and small samples of actual battlefield scenarios.
Bottom-up dust nucleation theory in oxygen-rich evolved stars
Authors: Gobrecht David , Hashemi Seyyed Rasoul , Plane John Maurice Campbell , Bromley Stefan Thomas , Nyman Gunnar , Decin Leen 
Published: October 2023

Context. Spinel (MgAl2O4) and krotite (CaAl2O4) are alternative candidates to alumina (Al2O3) as primary dust condensates in the atmospheres of oxygen-rich evolved stars. Moreover, spinel was proposed as a potential carrier of the circumstellar 13 μm feature. However, the formation of nucleating spinel clusters is challenging; in particular, the inclusion of Mg constitutes a kinetic bottleneck.
Aims. We aim to understand the initial steps of cosmic dust formation (i.e. nucleation) in oxygen-rich environments using a quantum-chemical bottom-up approach.
Methods. Starting with an elemental gas-phase composition, we constructed a detailed chemical-kinetic network that describes the formation and destruction of magnesium-, calcium-, and aluminium-bearing molecules as well as the smallest dust-forming (MgAl2O4)1 and (CaAl2O4)1 monomer clusters. Different formation scenarios with exothermic pathways were explored, including the alumina (Al2O3) cluster chemistry studied in Paper I of this series. The resulting extensive network was applied to two model stars, a semi-regular variable and a Mira-type star, and to different circumstellar gas trajectories, including a non-pulsating outflow and a pulsating model. We employed global optimisation techniques to find the most favourable (MgAl2O4)n, (CaAl2O4)n, and mixed (MgxCa(1−x)Al2O4)n isomers, with n = 1–7 and x∈[0..1], and we used high level quantum-chemical methods to determine their potential energies. The growth of larger clusters with n = 2–7 is described by the temperature-dependent Gibbs free energies.
Results. In the considered stellar outflow models, spinel clusters do not form in significant amounts. However, we find that in the Mira-type non-pulsating model CaAl2O3(OH)2, a hydroxylated form of the calcium aluminate krotite monomer forms at abundances as large as 2 × 10−8 at 3 stellar radii, corresponding to a dust-to-gas mass ratio of 1.5 × 10−6. Moreover, we present global minimum (GM) candidates for (MgAl2O4)n and (CaAl2O4)n, where n = 1–7. For cluster sizes n = 3–7, we find new, hitherto unreported GM candidates. All spinel GM candidates found are energetically more favourable than their corresponding magnesium-rich silicate clusters with an olivine stoichiometry, namely (Mg2SiO4)n. Moreover, calcium aluminate clusters, (CaAl2O4)n, are more favourable than their Mg-rich counterparts; the latter show a gradual enhancement in stability when Mg atoms are substituted step by step with Ca.
Conclusions. Alumina clusters with a dust-to-gas mass ratio of the order of 10−4 remain the favoured seed particle candidate in our physico-chemical models. However, CaAl2O4 could contribute to stellar dust formation and the mass-loss process. In contrast, the formation of MgAl2O4 is negligible due to the low reactivity of the Mg atom.
Diastolic Augmentation with an External Pulsating Device To Treat Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Trubov Nickolas , Phillips Steven J. 
Published: October 2023

An 80 cc stroke volume pulsatile assist device (PAD) was modified and used in place of an intra-aortic balloon for diastolic augmentation when passage of the balloon proved impossible due to aorto-femoral obstruction. The PAD was attached via the usual 10 mm graft sutured end-to-side to the patient’ s left common femoral artery. Systemic heparinization prevented coagulation for 72 hours of PAD support after which time the patient had recovered and was discharged. Metabolic blood pressure was augmented 20–30 mm Hg and CVP reduced from 21 to 9 mm Hg. Pulmonary artery wedge pressure was reduced from 26 to 12 mg Hg and normal urine output was restored. Plasma free hemoglobin ranged from 5–41 mg% and platelet count from 92,000 to 188,000. No complications occurred. Timing was performed in the same manner as in surgery when the PAD is used in conjunction with the pump-oxygenator, and similar precautions were taken. The PAD appears to be an effective alternative counterpulsation in patients suffering from obstructive arteriosclerotic disease precluding the insertion of a balloon catheter.
Intra-aortic balloon pumping is an accepted mode of therapy for treatment of complicated myocardial infarction. 1,2 Some patients who would benefit from intra-aortic balloon pumping cannot have the procedure applied via the femoral artery because of severe arteriosclerotic occlusive disease. This can prevent passage of the balloon or result in complications of insertion. 3–5 A small group of patients in which intra-aortic balloon pump can be applied, develop varying degrees of ischemic neuropathy in the leg in which the balloon was inserted, because of subliminal occlusion by the balloon catheter of the femoral artery, reducing flow through that leg. Here we describe a patient in which an intra-aortic balloon could not be inserted and a Pulsatile Assist Device (PAD®)* was utilized for diastolic augmentation.6,7
Einstellungen und Adhärenz zur evidenzbasierten Praxis von in Brandenburg tätigen Physiotherapeut*innen
Authors: Spieß Pauline-Marie , Bahns Carolin , Kopkow Christian 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Für Deutschland liegen noch unzureichende Daten zur Einstellung und Adhärenz von Physiotherapeut*innen gegenüber Evidenzbasierter Praxis (EBP) vor, insbesondere für im Bundesland Brandenburg tätige Physiotherapeut*innen.
Ziel Erfassung der 1) Einstellungen und Adhärenz gegenüber EBP von in Brandenburg tätigen Physiotherapeut*innen und die 2) Ableitung von Barrieren und Förderfaktoren für die Einhaltung der EBP.
Methodik Von März bis April 2022 wurde eine Online-Befragung unter in Brandenburg tätigen Physiotherapeut*innen durchgeführt. Die Teilnehmenden füllten die deutschsprachige Version des „Evidence-based Practice Inventory“ aus, einem Fragebogen mit 5 Dimensionen zur Erfassung von Barrieren und Förderfaktoren hinsichtlich EBP. Zusätzlich wurden soziodemografische Daten erfragt. Die Auswertung erfolgte deskriptiv.
Ergebnisse Es nahmen 101 Physiotherapeut*innen an der Befragung teil, davon 75 (74 %) Frauen und 26 (26 %) Männer. Die Befragten waren im Durchschnitt 39 Jahre (± 13) alt und verfügten über eine Berufserfahrung von 16 Jahren (± 12). Mehr als 70 % der Teilnehmenden hatten eine positive Einstellung gegenüber EBP. Knapp 55 % der Physiotherapeut*innen fühlten sich in der Lage, Prinzipien der EBP in ihren klinischen Entscheidungen anzuwenden. Gleichzeitig gaben weniger als 20 % an, dass in ihrer Abteilung sehr darauf geachtet wird, Prinzipien der EBP in klinischen Entscheidungen anzuwenden. Im Durchschnitt wiesen 30 % der Befragten eine hohe EBP-Adhärenz in den 5 Dimensionen auf. Die wichtigsten Förderfaktoren für Adhärenz zur EBP bildeten die Autor*innenschaft oder Mitarbeit an wissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungen und die Teilnahme an einem Kurs zur EBP.
Schlussfolgerung Die Einstellung von in Brandenburg tätigen Physiotherapeut*innen gegenüber EBP ist grundlegend positiv. Es zeigte sich jedoch, dass die Adhärenz zur EBP nur bei einem geringeren Anteil der Physiotherapeut*innen stark ausgeprägt ist. Barrieren und Förderfaktoren sollten näher untersucht werden, um zielgerichtete Interventionen zu entwickeln und die Implementierung von EBP im klinischen Alltag zu verbessern.
Hypoglykämien in Arzneimittelstudien zu Typ2-Diabetes mellitus: Erhebung, Auswertung und Berichterstattung
Authors: Kaiser Thomas , Potthast Regine 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungBereits in den ersten Jahren der frühen Nutzenbewertung nach dem Arzneimittelmarkt-Neuordnungsgesetz (AMNOG) drehte sich die Frage nach dem Zusatznutzen eines neuen Wirkstoffs oft darum, ob die in den Studien beobachteten Ergebnisse zu Hypoglykämien interpretierbar sind.Die wesentlichen Punkte zum Themenbereich „Hypoglykämien“ wurden auch in der Workshopreihe von AkdÄ, DDG, G-BA und IQWiG diskutiert. Dazu gehören die Operationalisierung schwerer und nicht schwerer Hypoglykämien, die gesonderte Auswertung nächtlicher Hypoglykämien, verschiedene durch das Studiendesign bedingte Einflussfaktoren für das Hypoglykämierisiko sowie die Auswertung und Berichterstattung der Ergebnisse zu Hypoglykämien.Dabei zeigt sich an verschiedenen Stellen Verbesserungspotenzial, das für die Planung zukünftiger Studien genutzt werden sollte. Dies betrifft unter anderem eine klare Abgrenzung von Hypoglykämien unterschiedlicher Relevanz, die Vereinheitlichung entsprechender Definitionen für Arzneimittelstudien sowie die vollständige Berichterstattung zum zeitlichen Verlauf des Auftretens von Hypoglykämien. Auch wurden Aspekte des Studiendesigns identifiziert, die Einfluss auf das Hypoglykämierisiko haben können und daher entweder die Übertragbarkeit der Studie in Frage stellen (unrealistische Therapiesituation) oder zu einem unfairen und damit nicht interpretierbaren Vergleich innerhalb einer Studie führen (z.B. durch zwischen den Behandlungsgruppen unterschiedliche Therapieziele). Auch diese Aspekte sollten bei der zukünftigen Studienplanung berücksichtigt werden, um die Interpretierbarkeit von Arzneimittelstudien bei Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus nicht zu gefährden.
Wie geht es der Pflege?
Authors: Huber Gerhard , Weiß Klaus , Köppel Maximilian 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungInsgesamt waren im Jahr 2020 in Deutschland 1,7 Mio. Pflegekräfte sowohl
in der Kranken- als auch in der Altenpflege beschäftigt. Obwohl wir
diese quantitativen Merkmale des Arbeitsmarktes Pflege und deren Dynamik recht
gut kennen, liegen bis jetzt nur wenige Erkenntnisse darüber vor, wie
die Pflegekräfte selbst ihre Situation, insbesondere in Bezug auf die
arbeitsplatzspezifische Gesundheit, einschätzen. Im Rahmen des Projektes
POLKA werden bewegungsbezogene Gesundheitsförderungsprogramme
für Pflegekräfte in der stationären Altenpflege
entwickelt und implementiert. Als Planungsgrundlage wurde dazu eine
Querschnittuntersuchung an 793 Mitarbeiter*innen in 16
Pflegeeinrichtungen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse und Befunde
bestätigen nur teilweise die in der massenmedialen Kommunikation
verbreiteten Annahmen zur Pflegebranche. So unterstützen sowohl die
Strukturmerkmale der Stichprobe als auch die erhobenen Einstellungen unserer
Stichprobe nicht komplett die Einschätzung der Pflege als Pflegefall.
Die Daten wurden genutzt, um im POLKA-Projekt ein pflegespezifisches Portfolio
von Interventionen zu entwickeln und zu implementieren.
Tod im Rettungsdienst
Authors: Sefrin Peter , Tatschner Thomas 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Tod im Rettungsdienst kann in verschiedenen Szenarien zu differenten Handlungsweisen führen. Tritt der Tod in der häuslichen Umgebung auf, muss primär zwischen einem natürlichen und
einem nicht natürlichen Tod unterschieden werden. Der Notarzt kann sich in einigen Bundesländern auf eine vorläufige Leichenschau beschränken. Bei einer leblosen Person in der Öffentlichkeit,
bei der häufig durch Notfallzeugen oder Rettungspersonal bereits eine Reanimation begonnen wurde, entscheidet der Notarzt über das weitere Verfahren: Abbruch oder Fortführen der Reanimation.
Beim Tod während des Transportes kann die Übergabe der Leiche in der Klinik als Toteinlieferung erfolgen. Für die Zukunft sollte das Bestattungsrecht der Länder die besonderen Aspekte des
Rettungsdienstes berücksichtigen.
Revision Rhytidectomy: Pearls and Pitfalls
Authors: Ziai Kasra , Azizzadeh Babak 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhile rhytidectomy can yield remarkable results, some patients may subsequently require revision rhytidectomy due to either unsatisfactory outcomes from primary surgery or the natural aging process many years later. Like most other secondary plastic surgical procedures, revision rhytidectomy is a complex undertaking and fraught with potential pitfalls. This can be attributable to natural or postsurgical alterations that can occur with the facial skin, superficial musculoaponeurotic system/platysma muscle, and/or facial nerve landmarks. Additionally, complications such as cobra neck deformity, pixie ear deformity, and synkinesis can add an extra level of complexity to revisional surgery. Furthermore, as more surgeons are performing deep-plane facelifts and more aggressive neck procedures, the risks are further amplified in revisional surgery. In this article, we review the challenges that a facelift surgeon may face when performing revision rhytidectomy and the technical considerations to overcome these obstacles.
Does government investment push up manufacturing labor costs? Evidence from China
Authors: Liuyi Yang , Yunchan Zhu , Feirong Ren 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChina’s labor costs have risen rapidly compared with other emerging market countries in recent years. Government investment is an essential factor pushing labor costs, a unique and exciting phenomenon in China. This paper explains why labor costs in China’s industrial manufacturing industry have rapidly increased from the local government investment perspective. First, the government’s preference for investment in infrastructure construction creates labor demand and drives up labor costs. Second, the improvement of infrastructure lowers the transaction costs of the enterprise sector, thus expanding the scale of production and triggering a rise in labor costs. The empirical results show that for every 1% increase in government investment, the unit labor cost increases by 0.0013 units, and the nominal labor cost increases by 1.443 units. A series of robustness tests support the results. China should rationally control the scale of government investment so that labor costs are in a moderate growth range and then promote the sustainable development of enterprises.
Mastery and social position: factors in negotiating urban social resilience
Authors: Benitez-Avila Camilo , Schuberth Florian , Copeland Samantha 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe pragmatic view of urban resilience has re-framed long-lasting social issues as chronic social stresses that can be addressed by building strong social networks in urban environments. This practice, inspired by disaster management, is problematic because it presupposes a community whose members share the same fate. Conversely, social vulnerability emerges from the asymmetrical distribution of agency in the social order, so that a low social position jeopardises life chances. Hence, we argue that the social dimension in urban resilience should focus on the role of social positions and individuals’ agentic predispositions to control their life chances if faced with adversity (i.e., their Mastery). Using structural equation modelling and data from a 2018 public Dutch survey, we found that when mediated by Mastery, socioeconomic status drives the individual’s positive adaptation behaviour. In contrast, Interaction with Primary Networks, Neighbourhood Cohesion, and Membership in Voluntary Associations have an unsubstantial relationship to positive adaptation. These empirical results suggest that Mastery is crucial for people’s resilience in their daily life. In view of the recent shift towards negotiation in resilience thinking, we propose Mastery as the guiding factor for transforming arrangements that shape social positions.
An ultra-low field SQUID magnetometer for measuring antiferromagnetic and weakly remanent magnetic materials at low temperatures
Authors: Paulsen Michael , Lindner Julian , Klemke Bastian , Beyer Jörn , Fechner Michael , Meier Dennis , Kiefer Klaus 
Published: October 2023

A novel setup for measuring magnetic fields of antiferromagnets (i.e., quadrupolar or higher-order magnetic fields) and generally weakly remanent magnetic materials is presented. The setup features a highly sensitive superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer with a magnetic field resolution of ∼ 10 fT and non-electric temperature control of the sample space for a temperature range of 1.5–65 K with a non-electric sample movement drive and optical position encoding. To minimize magnetic susceptibility effects, the setup components are degaussed and realized with plastic materials in sample proximity. Running the setup in magnetically shielded rooms allows for a well-defined ultra-low magnetic background field well below 150 nT in situ. The setup enables studies of inherently weak magnetic materials, which cannot be measured with high field susceptibility setups, optical methods, or neutron scattering techniques, giving new opportunities for the research on, e.g., spin-spiral multiferroics, skyrmion materials, and spin ices.
A platform for far-infrared spectroscopy of quantum materials at millikelvin temperatures
Authors: Onyszczak Michael , Uzan-Narovlansky Ayelet J. , Tang Yue , Wang Pengjie , Jia Yanyu , Yu Guo , Song Tiancheng , Singha Ratnadwip , Khoury Jason F. , Schoop Leslie M. , Wu Sanfeng 
Published: October 2023

Optical spectroscopy of quantum materials at ultralow temperatures is rarely explored, yet it may provide critical characterizations of quantum phases not possible using other approaches. We describe the development of a novel experimental platform that enables optical spectroscopic studies, together with standard electronic transport, of materials at millikelvin temperatures inside a dilution refrigerator. The instrument is capable of measuring both bulk crystals and micrometer-sized two-dimensional van der Waals materials and devices. We demonstrate its performance by implementing photocurrent-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy on a monolayer WTe2 device and a multilayer 1T-TaS2 crystal, with a spectral range available from the near-infrared to the terahertz regime and in magnetic fields up to 5 T. In the far-infrared regime, we achieve spectroscopic measurements at a base temperature as low as ∼43 mK and a sample electron temperature of ∼450 mK. Possible experiments and potential future upgrades of this versatile instrumental platform are envisioned.