bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal diagnosis of a bronchogenic cyst in an unusual site
Authors: Bagolan P. , Bilancioni E. , Nahom A. , Trucchi A. , Inserra A. , Neri M. , Spina V. , Giorlandino C. 
Published: March 2003

We report a rare case of a subdiaphragmatic cyst, diagnosed prenatally during routine ultrasound screening at 25 weeks’ gestation. Serial ultrasonographic evaluation demonstrated a slight increase in the size of the cyst during pregnancy. On the basis of the anatomic site and the sonographic features of the lesion, four diagnosic hypotheses were postulated: cystic neuroblastoma, adrenal hemorrhage, duplication of the inferior third of the esophagus and retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma.A healthy baby, weighing 3300 g and with Apgar scores of 8 and 9, was delivered vaginally at term. He underwent successful surgery at the age of 3 months. The postoperative course was uneventful and the baby is currently doing well. Histology revealed a bronchogenic cyst.
Circulatory effects of acute bradycardia in the human fetus as studied by Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Gembruch U. , Baschat A. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo report on flow changes in fetal arterial, venous and coronary vessels during bradycardia following cordocentesis. Changes in the fetal circulation in response to acute challenges are incompletely understood.MethodsFetal blood sampling was performed at 29 + 4 weeks for chromosome analysis in a fetus with multiple malformations including a complete atrioventricular septal defect with competent atrioventricular valve. The procedure was complicated by a 12‐min bradycardia of 57 beats/min. ‘Heart sparing’ (sudden visualization of coronary blood flow) and ‘brain sparing’ (increased diastolic velocities in the middle cerebral artery) were demonstrated by Doppler examination despite marked circulatory compromise (regurgitation of atrioventricular valve, increased reverse flow in precordial veins and pulsatile umbilical vein flow pattern) which persisted after normalization of the fetal heart rate. The findings had resolved completely at a full cardiovascular examination 6 h after the bradycardia. Pregnancy termination was subsequently performed for partial monosomy 13q.ConclusionProtective fetal changes producing ‘heart sparing’ and ‘brain sparing’ and may be operational during episodes of acute fetal bradycardia. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Uterine artery impedance to blood flow on the day of embryo transfer does not predict obstetric outcome
Authors: Isaksson R. , Tiitinen A. , Cacciatore B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of uterine artery impedance to blood flow on the day of embryo transfer for prediction of early pregnancy loss and obstetric outcome.MethodsThe uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) were evaluated prospectively by transvaginal Doppler in 102 infertile women, who conceived as the result of fresh or frozen embryo transfer. Uterine artery impedance to blood flow was compared to the obstetric outcome.ResultsThe 111 treatment cycles studied resulted in 31 spontaneous abortions, four ectopic pregnancies, and 76 deliveries. There were no differences in uterine artery PI and RI (mean ± SD) between cycles resulting in normal delivery (2.69 ± 0.71 and 0.88 ± 0.06) and those resulting in spontaneous abortion (2.71 ± 0.67 and 0.88 ± 0.05) or ectopic pregnancy (2.36 ± 0.54 and 0.85 ± 0.06). There were no differences in PI and RI between uncomplicated singleton pregnancies (2.74 ± 0.78 and 0.88 ± 0.06) and those developing intra‐uterine growth restriction (IUGR), pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PIH), or preterm birth (2.54 ± 0.47 and 0.87 ± 0.04, pooled data).ConclusionsUterine artery PI and RI on the day of embryo transfer were unrelated to the risk of the pregnancy ending in spontaneous abortion or ectopic pregnancy. These values were of no value in the prediction of IUGR, PIH or preterm birth. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Development of gastric emptying in the human fetus
Authors: Sase M. , Nakata M. , Tashima R. , Kato H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate stomach size and the development of gastric emptying in human fetuses using ultrasound.DesignClinical observational study.MethodsThe motility and peristalsis of the fetal stomach were studied in 80 normal fetuses between 12 and 39 weeks of gestation. Fetal gastric motility was assessed by analysis of videotaped recordings of ultrasound images of the stomach taken in real time.ResultsFetal maximum gastric area gradually increased and minimum gastric areas gradually decreased after 20 weeks of gestation. At term, the maximum and minimum gastric area ratios were approximately 13 and 5%, respectively. The change in fetal gastric area, defined as the difference of maximum and minimum gastric area ratios, was relatively constant at 3% from 12 to 15 weeks of gestation to 20–23 weeks of gestation. It increased significantly (to 8%) after 24–27 weeks of gestation until term.ConclusionsFetal gastric emptying was quantified and its development assessed during pregnancy. A critical point of gastric development, associated with an increase in the change of gastric volume, was identified at 24–25 weeks of gestation. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Correlation of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and pathologic findings in fetal brain abnormalities
Authors: Carroll S. G. M. , Porter H. , Abdel‐Fattah S. , Kyle P. M. , Soothill P. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the degree of agreement between prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of brain abnormalities and subsequent pathologic findings.MethodsBetween August 1993 and August 1999 there were 62 cases where a fetus with a prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of a brain abnormality other than neural tube defects underwent autopsy at the Regional Department of Pediatric Pathology. The cerebral diagnosis at ultrasound was compared with the findings at autopsy in all cases.ResultsIn 47 of 61 (77%) cases the same defects were seen on ultrasound and at autopsy. The most common disparity was with the Dandy–Walker malformation or variant, where only six of the 14 (43%) cases prenatally diagnosed with this condition showed the same abnormality at autopsy. When fetuses with the Dandy–Walker malformation or variant were excluded, the scan findings correlated with autopsy in 41 of 47 (87%). In the main group with discordant findings, five of the seven cases where termination of pregnancy was undertaken had other fetal anomalies on ultrasound examination which were confirmed at autopsy. In the sixth case there was autolysis of brain tissue which affected detailed autopsy.ConclusionsA very high level of agreement between prenatal ultrasound and autopsy findings was found for all abnormalities of the fetal brain, except for the Dandy–Walker malformation or variant. Potential discrepancy in findings between ultrasound and autopsy should be explained to patients who are considering termination of pregnancy for the Dandy–Walker type of abnormality. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Echocardiographic evaluation of the fetus with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation
Authors: Mahle W. T. , Rychik J. , Tian Z.‐Y. , Cohen M. S. , Howell L. J. , Crombleholme T. M. , Flake A. W. , Adzick N. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveThe development of nonimmune hydrops is a known complication of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) in the fetus. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of CCAM on hemodynamics in the fetus and to determine whether cardiac dysfunction contributes to the development of hydrops in this patient population.MethodsThe echocardiographic data from 41 consecutive fetuses diagnosed prenatally with CCAM were reviewed. The presence or absence of hydrops was noted in each patient. Two‐dimensional ultrasonographic and Doppler data were compared between the two groups (with or without hydrops).ResultsThe mean gestational age for the study group at the time of imaging was 23.2 ± 3.0 weeks. Hydrops was noted in 15 of 41 fetuses (36.5%). The fetuses that developed hydrops had a lower cardiac/thoracic ratio than those which did not develop hydrops (0.18 vs. 0.23, P = 0.001). The fetuses with hydrops also demonstrated an increase in early ventricular filling. The ratio of early ventricular filling to atrial contraction (E/A ratio) at both the tricuspid and mitral valves was significantly higher in the fetuses with hydrops (P = 0.005 and P = 0.03, respectively). Doppler interrogation of the inferior vena cava demonstrated a greater degree of reversal with atrial contraction in the hydrops group (29.7% vs. 15.1%, P = 0.003). The development of significant atrioventricular valve insufficiency was rare in the fetuses with hydrops (one of 15 cases).ConclusionsCystic adenomatoid malformation can result in significant cardiac compression in the fetus. This alters hemodynamics and may result in hydrops on the basis of elevated central venous pressure. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Segmentary fetal branch pulmonary artery blood flow velocimetry: in utero Doppler study
Authors: Sivan E. , Rotstein Z. , Lipitz S. , Sevillia J. , Achiron R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate changes in human, fetal segmentary, pulmonary artery blood flow velocimetry throughout pregnancy.DesignNinety‐nine women with a singleton, low‐risk gestation between 14 and 37 weeks of pregnancy were selected to participate in a prospective, cross‐sectional study. All fetuses were evaluated using power and color Doppler ultrasound. Flow velocity waveforms at three sites of the right pulmonary artery were obtained. The pulsatility index (PI) was calculated in the proximal, mid and distal segment of the pulmonary artery. Mean values and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each segment were determined in correlation with gestational age.ResultsA full study that included Doppler measurements of all three segments of the pulmonary artery was completed on 99 fetuses. The highest mean PI of 2.36 was obtained in the proximal segment of the right pulmonary artery (CI = 2.29–2.42), whereas in the mid and distal segments the mean PI decreased significantly to 1.57 (CI = 1.53–1.61) and 1.02 (CI = 1.0–1.0) (P < 0.001), respectively. Throughout gestation, the mean PI measurements in the proximal, middle and distal segments of the branch pulmonary artery increased slightly, but without statistical significance (r = 0.274, 0.248, 0.047), respectively; (P > 0.5).ConclusionsThe data obtained suggests that pulmonary circulation maintains stable vascular resistance during gestation in the human fetus. However, the PI obtained from the separate segments of the branch pulmonary artery is unique and each differs from the other, reflecting the proximity to the heart and the peripheral impedance at each location. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of fetal urinary ascites
Authors: Bettelheim D. , Pumberger W. , Deutinger J. , Bernaschek G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report on a rare in utero appearance of the rupture of the fetal bladder caused by low urinary tract obstruction with subsequent urinary ascites. The findings on prenatal sonography, postnatal X‐ray examinations and postnatal surgical treatment are described and the literature is reviewed. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The subjective assessment of echogenic fetal bowel
Authors: Harrison K.L. , Martinez D. , Mason G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the subjective interpretation of the echogenicity of fetal bowel compared to bone from antenatal ultrasound images taken during examinations conducted between 17 and 22 weeks of gestation.MethodsEighty‐seven women attending for their antenatal scan were selected in a random prospective manner over a 9‐month period. Images of the fetal bowel were taken and evaluated by 10 sonographers, one consultant obstetrician and one consultant radiologist. Images from a further 13 fetuses, in which the subjective assessment of echogenic bowel was made, were also included. All ultrasound images were acquired on a dedicated ultrasound scanner, with a standard transducer, thermal paper printer and single operator using standardized equipment settings and reproducible image sections. Questionnaires with 100 sets of images of fetal bowel were distributed to the participants. Performance was assessed by means of percentage agreement and levels of chance corrected agreement (Kappa).ResultsThe subjective assessment of fetal bowel echogenicity is very variable. Intra‐ and inter‒observer variation discrepancies in the assessment of bowel echogenicity compared to bone were demonstrated between the sonographers. Good agreement was identified between the consultants with good to almost perfect intra‒observer agreement. Overall, only moderate agreement was observed between the sonographers and the consultants.ConclusionsThe lack of agreement demonstrated between sonographers when evaluating the echogenicity of fetal bowel should be addressed if this ultrasound marker is to be incorporated into routine fetal screening programs. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The dilemma of prenatal diagnosis of bladder exstrophy: a case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Goldstein I. , Shalev E. , Nisman D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBladder exstrophy is a very rare congenital anomaly characterized by the exteriorization of the viscera on the abdominal surface, low insertion of the umbilical cord, divergent pubic rami and abnormal exterior genitalia. We report a case of prenatal diagnosis of fetal bladder exstrophy in which the urachus resembled the normal bladder. Considering that non‐visualization of the bladder is one of the main findings in cases of bladder exstrophy, special attention should be given to fetal lower abdominal cystic images in order to differentiate them from a normally positioned fetal bladder. A review of the literature together with a sonographic study of the urachus is provided. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Ultrasound imaging of the lower urinary system in women after Burch colposuspension
Authors: Martan A. , Mašata J. , Halaška M. , Voigt R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveMost of the relevant surgical procedures employed in the management of genuine stress urinary incontinence (GSI) involve the technique of bladder neck elevation. The appropriate level of suspension is an important (but frequently overlooked) consideration as the clinical consequences of over‐correction of the posterior angle are voiding dysfunction and urgency symptoms. The aim of our study was to compare ultrasound characteristics in women with GSI with those of women before and after Burch colposuspension. The findings of our study should have implications for GSI management.DesignProspective randomized clinical study at the Department of Obstetrics and Eynecology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.SettingDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.MethodsSeventy women with previously untreated GSI (properative group) and 52 women (42 of whom had been in the preoperative group) who were studied 3–12 months after receiving Burch colposuspension (postoperative group) took part in the study. The standard transperineal and introital ultrasound scans were performed. The mobility of the bladder neck was assessed transperineally with a curved array probe after instillation of 300 mL of saline. The bladder was then evacuated and the thickness of the urinary bladder wall in the sagittal plane in defined regions (base, vertex and anterior wall) was measured.ResultsWe found significant differences in bladder neck position, mobility, and in bladder wall thickness. Where symptoms of urgency occurred, the average bladder wall thickness was > 5 mm, the gamma angle < 40°, and lower bladder neck mobility was evident.ConclusionThese findings supported our hypothesis that signs of urgency follow over‐elevation of the bladder neck. These results helped us significantly to refine our GSI management. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Reconstructed measurements produced from ultrasound images using a computerized system
Authors: Herman A. , Abargel A. , Maymon R. , Dreazen E. , Tovbin Y. , Weinraub Z. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of reconstructed measurements produced from video‐printed ultrasound images.DesignReproduction of reconstructed measurements using designated software and comparison of the results with regular measurements derived from the same images.SubjectsSeventy regular sonographic examinations of biparietal diameter (BPD) and nuchal translucency (NT) thickness.MethodsThe study included 35 conventional‐size (BPD) and 35 small‐size (NT) measurements. Each image was measured twice during a dynamic ultrasound examination (regular measurements) and twice using a computerized system (reconstructed measurements). The latter comprised three steps: (i) computerization (computer‐generated images by scanning); (ii) calibration (using the scale located alongside the image); (iii) measurement (placing the calipers at the desired points).ResultsAll images were successfully scanned, and the computer‐generated images were of sufficient quality for proper measurement. There was no difference between mean values of regular and reconstructed BPD measurements, 63.9 mm (3.7 mm, SE) and 63.6 mm (3.8 mm, SE), respectively. Similarly, mean values of regular NT measurements were similar to the reconstructed ones, 1.48 mm (0.09 mm, SE) and 1.49 mm (0.09 mm, SE), respectively. Repeated regular BPD and NT measurements exhibited repeatability coefficients of 1.6 mm and 0.4 mm, respectively. These values were smaller than those obtained by repeated reconstructed measurements of 2.1 mm and 0.52 mm, respectively.ConclusionsReconstructed measurements of ultrasound video‐printed images are feasible, require modest facilities and exhibit more than reasonable accuracy. This option may contribute to medical research, audit, quality control and training, as well as to medico‐legal issues. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
First‐trimester increased nuchal translucency and fetal hypokinesia associated with Zellweger syndrome
Authors: Johnson J.M. , Babul‐Hirji R. , Chitayat D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report the prenatal detection of increased nuchal translucency and decreased fetal movements, at 11 weeks of gestation, in a fetus at risk for Zellweger syndrome. The diagnosis of Zellweger syndrome was confirmed by metabolic studies on cultured chorionic villus sampling (CVS) cells and the pregnancy was terminated. The couple's subsequent pregnancy was monitored using the same method. In this pregnancy the nuchal translucency measured at 12 weeks' gestation was normal, the fetus was active, and biochemical studies using CVS and amniocentesis confirmed normal results. We believe this to be the first reported case of Zellweger syndrome followed prenatally in which an increased nuchal translucency and fetal hypokinesia were detected in the first trimester. During the pregnancy with the affected child the maternal serum screen (MSS) showed low estriol level. We believe this to be the second report of a low estriol level on MSS in a pregnancy affected with Zellweger syndrome. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Saline contrast sonohysterography in the preoperative assessment of benign intrauterine disorders
Authors: Bernard J. P. , Rizk E. , Camatte S. , Robin F. , Taurelle R. , Lecuru F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the value of saline contrast sonohysterography (SCSH) in the preoperative evaluation of benign intrauterine lesions.DesignPatients presenting with abnormal bleeding related to benign uterine pathologies and scheduled for surgical treatment were prospectively enrolled in a study conducted between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 1997. SCSH was first carried out with the intention of establishing further surgical management (hysterectomy or hysteroscopy). The end point of the study was to compare the surgical option ultimately carried out with the one decided after SCSH. In addition, size and location of intrauterine lesions determined by SCSH were compared with those issued from surgical records. Similarly, pathologic results were juxtaposed to SCSH diagnosis. Statistical analysis used non‐parametric and correlation tests.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐three patients were included in the study, 39.5% of whom were postmenopausal. SCSH was consistently effective in the choice of the best surgical method, because no hysterectomy was required when an operative hysteroscopy was indicated on SCSH data. Similarly, only one patient treated by hysterectomy (5.8%) could have undergone a more conservative approach. But this patient had a genital prolapse, and thus hysterectomy was a part of the treatment. SCSH correlated well with surgery for the location and size of intrauterine lesions (P < 0.001). SCSH was accurate in the diagnosis of polyps and submucous myomas (sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 95.4%).ConclusionsSCSH appears an important tool for preoperative assessment of benign intrauterine pathologies. It should be used in the selection of patients that should be scheduled for an operative hysteroscopy. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal detection of Fraser syndrome without cryptophthalmos: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Berg C. , Geipel A. , Germer U. , Pertersen‐Hansen A. , Koch‐DÖrfler M. , Gembruch U. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFraser syndrome (cryptophthalmos–syndactyly syndrome) is an autosomal recessive multiple malformation syndrome whose major manifestations are cryptophthalmos, syndactyly, laryngeal atresia and urogenital defects. Enlarged hyperechogenic lungs contrasted by oligohydramnios, non‐visualization of the kidneys and microphthalmia were sonographic markers leading to the prenatal detection of this rare autosomal recessive disorder in earlier reports. We report a case of Fraser syndrome diagnosed at 16 weeks' gestational age in a woman whose previous pregnancy was terminated because of multiple fetal malformations. Abnormal sonographic findings included bilateral agenesis of the kidneys, dilated trachea and main bronchi (suggestive of high airway obstruction), hyperechogenic lungs, syndactyly of the fingers, hepatomegaly, oligohydramnios and hydrops placentae. Face and cerebral structures appeared normal. These findings together with those of the previously affected child led to the diagnosis of Fraser syndrome. The parents elected to terminate the pregnancy. Autopsy results were confirmatory. In conclusion, prenatal diagnosis of Fraser syndrome is possible in the hands of an expert, but due to the great variety of possible malformations the diagnosis will remain doubtful in most cases in which no previous child is affected. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology