bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prepandemic Physical Activity and Risk of COVID-19 Diagnosis and Hospitalization in Older Adults
Authors: Muñoz-Vergara Dennis , Wayne Peter M. , Kim Eunjung , Lee I-Min , Buring Julie E. , Manson JoAnn E. , Sesso Howard D. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceHigher prepandemic physical activity (PA) levels have been associated with lower risk and severity of COVID-19.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between self-reported prepandemic PA levels and the risk and severity of COVID-19 in older US adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study combined cohorts from 3 ongoing prospective randomized clinical trials of US adults aged 45 years or older who provided prepandemic self-reports of baseline leisure-time PA and risk factors for COVID-19 outcomes using the most recent questionnaire completed as of December 31, 2019, as the baseline PA assessment. In multiple surveys from May 2020 through May 2022, participants indicated whether they had at least 1 positive COVID-19 test result or were diagnosed with or hospitalized for COVID-19.ExposurePrepandemic PA, categorized into 3 groups by metabolic equivalent hours per week: inactive (0-3.5), insufficiently active (&amp;gt;3.5 to &amp;lt;7.5), and sufficiently active (≥7.5).Main Outcome and MeasuresPrimary outcomes were risk of COVID-19 and hospitalization for COVID-19. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odd ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for the association of COVID-19 diagnosis and/or hospitalization with each of the 2 upper PA categories vs the lowest PA category.ResultsThe pooled cohort included 61 557 participants (mean [SD] age, 75.7 [6.4] years; 70.7% female), 20.2% of whom were inactive; 11.4%, insufficiently active; and 68.5%, sufficiently active. A total of 5890 confirmed incident cases of COVID-19 were reported through May 2022, including 626 hospitalizations. After controlling for demographics, body mass index, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, and medications used, compared with inactive individuals, those insufficiently active had no significant reduction in infection (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.86-1.06) or hospitalization (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.76-1.28), whereas those sufficiently active had a significant reduction in infection (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84-0.97) and hospitalization (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60-0.90). In subgroup analyses, the association between PA and SARS-CoV-2 infection differed by sex, with only sufficiently active women having decreased odds (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.95; P = .04 for interaction).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of adults aged 45 years or older, those who adhered to PA guidelines before the pandemic had lower odds of developing or being hospitalized for COVID-19. Thus, higher prepandemic PA levels may be associated with reduced odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization for COVID-19.
Identification of Concussion Subtypes Based on Intrinsic Brain Activity
Authors: Armañanzas Ruben , Liang Bo , Kanakia Saloni , Bazarian Jeffrey J. , Prichep Leslie S. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceThe identification of brain activity–based concussion subtypes at time of injury has the potential to advance the understanding of concussion pathophysiology and to optimize treatment planning and outcomes.ObjectiveTo investigate the presence of intrinsic brain activity–based concussion subtypes, defined as distinct resting state quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) profiles, at the time of injury.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this retrospective, multicenter (9 US universities and high schools and 4 US clinical sites) cohort study, participants aged 13 to 70 years with mild head injuries were included in longitudinal cohort studies from 2017 to 2022. Patients had a clinical diagnosis of concussion and were restrained from activity by site guidelines for more than 5 days, with an initial Glasgow Coma Scale score of 14 to 15. Participants were excluded for known neurological disease or history of traumatic brain injury within the last year. Patients were assessed with 2 minutes of artifact-free EEG acquired from frontal and frontotemporal regions within 120 hours of head injury. Data analysis was performed from July 2021 to June 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresQuantitative features characterizing the EEG signal were extracted from a 1- to 2-minute artifact-free EEG data for each participant, within 120 hours of injury. Symptom inventories and days to return to activity were also acquired.ResultsFrom the 771 participants (mean [SD] age, 20.16 [5.75] years; 432 male [56.03%]), 600 were randomly selected for cluster analysis according to 471 qEEG features. Participants and features were simultaneously grouped into 5 disjoint subtypes by a bootstrapped coclustering algorithm with an overall agreement of 98.87% over 100 restarts. Subtypes were characterized by distinctive profiles of qEEG measure sets, including power, connectivity, and complexity, and were validated in the independent test set. Subtype membership showed a statistically significant association with time to return to activity.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, distinct subtypes based on resting state qEEG activity were identified within the concussed population at the time of injury. The existence of such physiological subtypes supports different underlying pathophysiology and could aid in personalized prognosis and optimization of care path.
Semitransparent Near‐Infrared Organic Photodetectors: Flexible, Large‐Area, and Physical‐Vapor‐Deposited for Versatile Advanced Optical Applications
Authors: Wang Yazhong , Zhang Tianyi , Samigullina Dinara , Winkler Louis Conrad , Dollinger Felix , Kublitski Jonas , Jia Xiangkun , Ji Ran , Reineke Sebastian , Spoltore Donato , Leo Karl , Benduhn Johannes 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOrganic photodetectors (OPDs) have experienced remarkable performance improvements over the past decade thanks to significant advancements in organic material synthesis and device architecture engineering. In this study, high‐performance near‐infrared (NIR) OPDs with versatile advanced properties, including large detection areas, mechanical flexibility, and high transparency are realized. By incorporating a thin photo‐absorbing layer, functional blocking layers with a large energy gap, and semitransparent electrodes, the OPDs achieve an average visible transmittance (AVT) of up to 53.4% and color rendering index (CRI) of up to 95 within the human vision photopic response window of 380–780 nm. Both the small (6.44 mm2) and large (256 mm2) detection‐area semitransparent OPDs demonstrate an impressive external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 34% and 36%, and specific detectivity (D*) of 1.4 × 1013 and 1.1 × 1012 Jones, respectively, comparable to silicon‐based inorganic photodetectors. As application demonstrations, OPDs with rigid and flexible substrates are employed for NIR imaging and biosensing, respectively. Notably, the flexible semitransparent OPDs are utilized as signal receivers in conjunction with semitransparent NIR organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) operating as signal producers, demonstrating the feasibility of invisible optical communication. These OPDs represent the best‐performing see‐through devices with flexibility, making them promising candidates for integratable, bio‐compatible, and invisible optical‐sensing applications.
Electron Penetration Effect of Ni Single Atom Boosting CO2 to CO in PH‐Universal Electrolytes
Authors: Wang Fangyuan , Han Xingqi , Wu Daoxiong , Wang Zhitong , Xiong Xiaoqian , Li Jing , Gao Xiaohong , Wang Guan , Huo Li , Hua Yingjie , Wang Chongtai , Wen Huan , Chen Qi , Tian Xinlong , Deng Peilin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic CO2 reduction (ECR) powered by renewable electricity has attracted of wide attention because of its advantages to produce high‐value‐added chemicals and fuels. Additionally, ECR played a crucial role in addressing the challenge of excessive fossil fuel consumption caused by global warming. Herein, a unique armor structure with Ni nanoparticles coated by a carbon shell containing Ni─N─C (Ni─NP@Ni─SA) for industrial ECR to CO in pH‐universal electrolytes is designed. Ni─NP@Ni─SA catalyst exhibits ≈100% CO Faradaic efficiency, and CO partial current density can reach 500, 361, and 615 mA cm−2 in strong alkaline (pH 14), neutral (pH 7.2) and strong acidic (pH 1) electrolytes, respectively. Moreover, Ni─NP@Ni─SA can drive the rechargeable Zn‐CO2 battery with a high power density of 3.45 mW cm−2, and outstanding stability over 36 h. The structural characterizations and theoretical calculation together present that the electron penetration effect of Ni─NP@Ni─SA can strengthen the electronic enrichment state of Ni single atom, which facilitates the reaction kinetics of ECR by decreasing the formation energy barrier of key intermediate *COOH. This work pioneers a new design strategy to enhance the activity of single‐atom catalysts and seek high‐efficiency electrocatalysts for ECR in pH‐universal electrolytes.
Advancing Cardiomyocyte Maturation: Current Strategies and Promising Conductive Polymer‐Based Approaches
Authors: Elkhoury Kamil , Kodeih Sacha , Enciso‐Martínez Eduardo , Maziz Ali , Bergaud Christian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality and pose a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Despite remarkable progress in medical research, the development of effective cardiovascular drugs has been hindered by high failure rates and escalating costs. One contributing factor is the limited availability of mature cardiomyocytes (CMs) for accurate disease modeling and drug screening. Human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived CMs offer a promising source of CMs; however, their immature phenotype presents challenges in translational applications. This review focuses on the road to achieving mature CMs by summarizing the major differences between immature and mature CMs, discussing the importance of adult‐like CMs for drug discovery, highlighting the limitations of current strategies, and exploring potential solutions using electro‐mechano active polymer‐based scaffolds based on conductive polymers. However, critical considerations such as the trade‐off between 3D systems and nutrient exchange, biocompatibility, degradation, cell adhesion, longevity, and integration into wider systems must be carefully evaluated. Continued advancements in these areas will contribute to a better understanding of cardiac diseases, improved drug discovery, and the development of personalized treatment strategies for patients with cardiovascular disorders.
Triphenylamine Spirofunctionalized Light‐Emitting Conjugated Polymer with an Ultradeep‐Blue Narrowband Emission for Large‐Area Printed Display
Authors: Li Mengyuan , Zhang Yahui , Yu Ningning , Chen Wenyu , Gong Huaqiang , Zheng Yingying , Ni Mingjian , Han Yamin , Sun Ning , Bai Lubing , An Xiang , Yang Jing , Lin Yingru , Huang Wenxin , Zhuo Zhiqiang , Liang Xinyu , Wang Lizhi , Sun Lili , Xu Man , Lin Jinyi , Huang Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEmerging printed large‐area polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) are essential for manufacturing flat‐panel displays and solid lighting devices. However, it is challenging to obtain large‐area and stable ultradeep‐blue PLEDs because of the lack of light‐emitting conjugated polymers (LCPs) with robust deep‐blue emissions, excellent morphological stabilities, and high charging abilities. Here, a novel unsymmetrically substituted polydiarylfluorene (POPSAF) is obtained with stable narrowband emission for large‐area printed displays via triphenylamine (TPA) spirofunctionalization of LCPs. POPSAF films show narrowband and stable ultradeep‐blue emission with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 36 nm, associated with their intrachain excitonic behavior without obvious polaron formation. Compared to controlled poly[4‐(octyloxy)‐9,9‐diphenylfluoren‐2,7‐diyl]‐co‐[5‐(octyloxy)‐9,9‐diphenylfluoren‐2,7‐diyl] (PODPF), excellent charge transport is observed in the POPSAF films because of the intrinsic hole transport ability of the TPA units. Large‐area PLEDs are fabricated via blade‐coating with an emission area of 9 cm2, which exhibit uniform ultradeep‐blue emission with an FWHM of 36 nm and corresponding Commission internationale de l’éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.155, 0.072). These findings are attributed to the synergistic effects of robust emission, stable morphology, and printing capacity. Finally, preliminary printed passive matrix (PM) PLED displays with 20 × 20 pixels monochromes are fabricated, confirmed the effectiveness of spirofunctionalization in optoelectronics.
150 Gbps THz Chipscale Topological Photonic Diplexer
Authors: Gupta Manoj , Kumar Abhishek , Pitchappa Prakash , Tan Yi Ji , Szriftgiser Pascal , Ducournau Guillaume , Singh Ranjan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhotonic diplexers are being widely investigated for high data transfer rates in on‐chip communication. However, dividing the available spectrum into nonoverlapping multicarrier frequency sub‐bands has remained a challenge in designing frequency‐selective time‐invariant channels. Here, an on‐chip topological diplexer is reported exhibiting terahertz frequency band filtering through Klein tunneling of topological edge modes. The silicon topological diplexer chip facilitates two high‐speed channels with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) over a broad bandwidth of 12.5 GHz each. These channels operate at carrier frequencies of 305 and 321.6 GHz, achieving a combined diplexer capacity of 150 Gbit s−1. To ensure minimal interference between adjacent channels, a guard band is implemented. Topologically protected edge modes suppress the frequency selective fading of the broadband signals and hold promise for diverse integrated photonic applications spanning terahertz and telecommunication realms, including the design of lossless topological multiplexers, interconnects, antennas, and modulators for the sixth to X generation (6G to XG) wireless.
Electric Field Switching of Magnon Spin Current in a Compensated Ferrimagnet
Authors: Li Kaili , Wang Lei , Wang Yu , Guo Yuanjun , Lv Shuping , He Yuewei , Lin Weiwei , Min Tai , Hu Shaojie , Yang Sen , Xue Dezhen , Zheng Aqun , Yang Shuming , Ding Xiangdong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractManipulation of directional magnon propagation, known as magnon spin current, is essential for developing magnonic devices featuring nonvolatile functionalities and ultralow power consumption. Magnon spin current can usually be modulated by magnetic field or current‐induced spin torques. However, these approaches may lead to energy dissipation due to Joule heating. Electric‐field switching of magnon spin current without charge current is highly preferred but challenging to realize. By integrating magnonic and piezoelectric materials, the manipulation of the magnon spin current generated by the spin Seebeck effect in the ferrimagnetic insulator Gd3Fe5O12 (GdIG) film on a piezoelectric substrate is demonstrated. Reversible electric‐field switching of magnon polarization without applied charge current is observed. Through strain‐mediated magnetoelectric coupling, the electric field induces the magnetic compensation transition between two magnetic states of the GdIG, resulting in its magnetization reversal and the simultaneous switching of magnon spin current. This work establishes a prototype material platform that paves the way for developing magnon logic devices characterized by all electric field reading and writing and reveals the underlying physics principles of their functions.
Multi‐Interfacial Confined Assembly of Colloidal Quantum Dots Quasisuperlattice Microcavities for High‐Resolution Full‐Color Microlaser Arrays
Authors: Li Hui , Zhao Yuyan , Qiu Yuchen , Gao Hanfei , He Ke , Yang Junchuan , Zhao Yingjie , OuYang Guangwen , Ma Na , Wei Xiao , Du Zuliang , Jiang Lei , Wu Yuchen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractColloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are considered a promising material for the next generation of integrated display devices due to their designable optical bandgap and low energy consumption. Owing to their dispersibility in solvents, CQD micro/nanostructures are generally fabricated by solution‐processing methods. However, the random mass transfer in liquid restricts the programmable construction in macroscopy and ordered assembly in microscopy for the integration of CQD optical structures. Herein, a multi‐interfacial confined assembly strategy is developed to fabricate CQDs programmable microstructure arrays with a quasisuperlattice configuration through controlling the dynamics of three‐phase contact lines (TPCLs). The motion of TPCLs dominates the division of liquid film for precise positioning of CQD microstructures, while pinned TPCLs control the solvent evaporation and concentration gradient to directionally drive the mass transfer and packing of CQDs. Owing to their long‐range order and adjustable structural dimensions, CQD microring arrays function as high‐quality‐factor (high‐Q) lasing resonant cavities with low thresholds and tunable lasing emission modes. Through the further surface treatment and liquid dynamics control, the on‐chip integration of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) multicomponent CQD microlaser arrays are demonstrated. The technique establishes a new route to fabricate large‐area, ultrahigh‐definition, and full‐color CQD laser displays.
Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Nanotube Membranes from Waste Biomass for Photoelectro‐Catalytic Water Purification
Authors: Zhai Gongxun , Liu Fuyao , Xiang Hengxue , Hu Zexu , Yu Senlong , Jiang Yi , Zhu Meifang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrinting and dyeing wastewater, that is discharged after textile printing and dyeing processing, can cause irreversible damage to the aquatic ecosystem and harm the health of human beings. Till now, completely and readily removing dye molecules from industrial wastewater using a single catalyst rather than the combination of several materials remains a significant challenge. Herein, in situ preparation of carbon nanotube membranes (N‐CNTM and N‐TiO2‐CNTM) are reported that are doped using N with/without TiO2, respectively. These membranes can simultaneously function as an adsorber, a photo‐catalyst, and an electrocatalyst to efficiently remove dye pollutes from industrial waste water. Further researches reveal that the formation of p‐n type heterojunction inside of the N‐CNTM and N‐TiO2‐CNTM, can improve the hole separation and charge storage abilities, resulting in the efficient removal of dyes in the industrial waste water. This work provides a promising approach for the preparation of functionalized carbon nanotubes derived from waste biomass for the treatment of industrial water, reflecting the concept of treating waste with waste.
State of Charge Estimation for Lithium‑Ion Batteries Based on Extended Kalman Particle Filter and Orthogonal Optimized Battery Model
Authors: Shi Shuaiwei , Zhang Minshu , Lu Mi , Wu Changfeng , Cai Xiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractState of charge (SOC) is a key state variable in lithium‑ion battery management system. The battery model and estimation algorithm are important factors that affect the accuracy of SOC estimation. In this paper, the optimization battery model is created by optimizing the hybrid power pulse characteristic (HPPC) parameter combination through orthogonal analysis. The simulation results demonstrate that optimizing the HPPC parameter combinations can improve battery modeling accuracy. Then, an extended Kalman particle filter (EKPF) algorithm is proposed by using the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm as the density function of the particle filter (PF) algorithm. The EKPF algorithm is verified under the dynamic stress test and Beijing bus dynamic stress test conditions, the root mean absolute errors and root mean square errors in all cases are less than 1.5%. The experimental results show that the EKPF algorithm can combine the advantages of EKF and PF to estimate lithium‐ion battery SOC accurately.
Yeast‐Raised Polyamidoxime Hydrogel Prepared by Ice Crystal Dispersion for Efficient Uranium Extraction from Seawater
Authors: Wang Hui , Yao Weikun , Yuan Yihui , Shi Se , Liu Tao , Wang Ning 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUranium extraction from seawater has attracted worldwide attention due to the massive reserves of uranium. Due to the straightforward synthesis and strong affinity toward uranyl ions (UO22+), the amidoxime group shows promise for use in highly efficient uranium capture. However, the low mass transfer efficiency within traditional amidoxime‐based adsorbents severely limits the adsorption rate and the utilization of adsorption sites. In this work, a macroporous polyamidoxime (PAO) hydrogel is prepared by yeast‐based biological foaming combined with ice crystal dispersion that effectively maintained the yeast activity. The yeast‐raised PAO (Y‐PAO) adsorbent has numerous bubble‐like holes with an average pore diameter >100 µm. These macropores connected with the intrinsic micropores of PAO to construct efficient diffusion channels for UO22+ provided fast mass transporting channels, leading to the sufficient exposure of hidden binding sites. The maximum adsorption capacity of Y‐PAO membrane reached 10.07 mg‐U/g‐ads, ≈1.54 times higher than that of the control sample. It took only eight days for Y‐PAO to reach the saturation adsorption capacity of the control PAO (6.47 mg‐U/g‐ads, 28 days). Meanwhile, Y‐PAO possessed excellent ion selectivity, good reusability, and low cost. Overall, the Y‐PAO membrane is a highly promising adsorbent for use in industrial‐scale uranium extraction from seawater.
Accelerated Selective Li+ Transports Assisted by Microcrack‐Free Anionic Network Polymer Membranes for Long Cyclable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Gao Jingyi , Zhou Jiaming , Chen Xiaodie , Tao Ran , Li Yao , Ru Yu , Li Chang , Kim Eunjong , Ma Xiaoting , Wang Min , Kim Yoonseob , Lee Seungkyu , Shin Dong‐Myeong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRechargeable Li metal batteries have the potential to meet the demands of high‐energy density batteries for electric vehicles and grid‐energy storage system applications. Achieving this goal, however, requires resolving not only safety concerns and a shortened battery cycle life arising from a combination of undesirable lithium dendrite and solid‐electrolyte interphase formations. Here, a series of microcrack‐free anionic network polymer membranes formed by a facile one‐step click reaction are reported, displaying a high cation conductivity of 3.1 × 10−5 S cm−1 at high temperature, a wide electrochemical stability window up to 5 V, a remarkable resistance to dendrite growth, and outstanding non‐flammability. These enhanced properties are attributed to the presence of tethered borate anions in microcrack‐free membranes, which benefits the acceleration of selective Li+ cations transport as well as suppression of dendrite growth. Ultimately, the microcrack‐free anionic network polymer membranes render Li metal batteries a safe and long‐cyclable energy storage device at high temperatures with a capacity retention of 92.7% and an average coulombic efficiency of 99.867% at 450 cycles.