bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near-ultraviolet radiation toward molecular cloud N4 in W 50/SS 433: Evidence for direct interaction of the jet with molecular cloud
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroaki , Ishikawa Tatsumi , Takeuchi Tsutomu T 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We compared the molecular clouds in the western part of SS 433 with near-ultraviolet radiation data obtained from GALEX. Near-ultraviolet radiation is prominently confirmed toward only N4, while no near-ultraviolet radiation is detected toward N1, N2, or N3. The radiative region of near-ultraviolet radiation is nearly the same as the CO-emitting region in N4, and does not extend beyond the jet seen in X-ray radiation. Near-ultraviolet radiation cannot be explained solely by broad-band continuous radiation and may originate from line emissions. The intensity of near-ultraviolet radiation exhibits an anti-correlation with that of 13CO(J = 3–2) emission. This anti-correlation, along with strong far-infrared radiation in the region with weaker near-ultraviolet radiation intensity compared to its surroundings, suggests that near-ultraviolet radiation originates from behind the molecular cloud, heating up the interstellar dust in N4. Subsequently, the dust in N4 reradiates in the far-infrared band. In the same region, a high peak TMB ratio of 12CO(J = 3–2)$/$12CO(J = 1–0) of ∼0.9, and a high kinetic temperature of Tk ∼ 56 K in the molecular cloud, indicate that CO molecules are highly excited, and the molecular cloud is heated through photoelectric heating. This heating results from electrons released due to the photoelectric effect caused by the phenomenon where interstellar dust absorbs near-ultraviolet radiation. In terms of the timescale of near-ultraviolet radiation originating from line emissions, near-ultraviolet radiation towards N4 cannot be explained by the shock of the blast wave from a supernova that created W 50. These findings also suggest that N4 directly interacts with the jet from SS 433. As a result of this direct interaction, near-ultraviolet radiation is emitted from an interacting layer between the jet and N4.
Transcription factors VviWRKY10 and VviWRKY30 co-regulate powdery mildew resistance in grapevine
Authors: Zhou Min , Wang Hongyan , Yu Xuena , Cui Kaicheng , Hu Yang , Xiao Shunyuan , Wen Ying-Qiang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is an economically important fruit crop worldwide. The widely cultivated grapevine is susceptible to powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe necator. In this study, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to simultaneously knock out VviWRKY10 and VviWRKY30 encoding two transcription factors reported to be implicated in defense regulation. We generated 53 wrky10 single mutant transgenic plants and 15 wrky10 wrky30 double mutant transgenic plants. In a 2-yr field evaluation of powdery mildew resistance, the wrky10 mutants showed strong resistance, while the wrky10 wrky30 double mutants showed moderate resistance. Further analyses revealed that salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species contents in the leaves of wrky10 and wrky10 wrky30 were substantially increased, as was the ethylene (ET) content in the leaves of wrky10. The results from dual luciferase reporter assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrated that VviWRKY10 could directly bind to the W-boxes in the promoter of SA-related defense genes and inhibit their transcription, supporting its role as a negative regulator of SA-dependent defense. By contrast, VviWRKY30 could directly bind to the W-boxes in the promoter of ET-related defense genes and promote their transcription, playing a positive role in ET production and ET-dependent defense. Moreover, VviWRKY10 and VviWRKY30 can bind to each other's promoters and mutually inhibit each other's transcription. Taken together, our results reveal a complex mechanism of regulation by VviWRKY10 and VviWRKY30 for activation of measured and balanced defense responses against powdery mildew in grapevine.
Molecular regulatory mechanisms of staminate strobilus development and dehiscence in Torreya grandis
Authors: Chen Weijie , Jiang Baofeng , Zeng Hao , Liu Zhihui , Chen Wenchao , Zheng Shan , Wu Jiasheng , Lou Heqiang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Gymnosperms are mostly dioecious, and their staminate strobili undergo a longer developmental period than those of angiosperms. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to identify key genes and pathways involved in staminate strobilus development and dehiscence in Torreya grandis. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified fast elongation-related genes enriched in carbon metabolism and auxin signal transduction, whereas dehiscence-related genes were abundant in alpha-linolenic acid metabolism and the phenylpropanoid pathway. Based on WGCNA, we also identified PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR4 (TgPIF4) as a potential regulator for fast elongation of staminate strobilus and 2 WRKY proteins (TgWRKY3 and TgWRKY31) as potential regulators for staminate strobilus dehiscence. Multiple protein-DNA interaction analyses showed that TgPIF4 directly activates the expression of TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE2 (TgTIR2) and NADP-MALIC ENZYME (TgNADP-ME). Overexpression of TgPIF4 significantly promoted staminate strobilus elongation by elevating auxin signal transduction and pyruvate content. TgWRKY3 and TgWRKY31 bind to the promoters of the lignin biosynthesis gene PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE (TgPAL) and jasmonic acid metabolism gene JASMONATE O-METHYLTRANSFERASE (TgJMT), respectively, and directly activate their transcription. Overexpression of TgWRKY3 and TgWRKY31 in the staminate strobilus led to early dehiscence, accompanied by increased lignin and methyl jasmonate levels, respectively. Collectively, our findings offer a perspective for understanding the growth of staminate strobili in gymnosperms.
The tree peony DREB transcription factor PrDREB2D regulates seed α-linolenic acid accumulation
Authors: Yang Weizong , Xin Ziwei , Zhang Qingyu , Zhang Yanlong , Niu Lixin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
α-Linolenic acid (ALA), an essential fatty acid (FA) for human health, serves as the precursor of 2 nutritional benefits, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, and can only be obtained from plant foods. We previously found that phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (PrPDAT2) derived from ALA-rich tree peony (Paeonia rockii) can promote seed ALA accumulation. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying its promoting effect on ALA accumulation remains unknown. Here, we revealed a tree peony dehydration-responsive element binding transcription factor, PrDREB2D, as an upstream regulator of PrPDAT2, which is involved in regulating seed ALA accumulation. Our findings demonstrated that PrDREB2D serves as a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator that directly activates PrPDAT2 expression. PrDREB2D altered the FA composition in transient overexpression Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and stable transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds. Repressing PrDREB2D expression in P. rockii resulted in decreased PrPDAT2 expression and ALA accumulation. In addition, PrDREB2D strengthened its regulation of ALA accumulation by recruiting the cofactor ABA-response element binding factor PrABF2b. Collectively, the study findings provide insights into the mechanism of seed ALA accumulation and avenues for enhancing ALA yield via biotechnological manipulation.
Population epigenetics: DNA methylation in the plant omics era
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhong Xuehua 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
DNA methylation plays an important role in many biological processes. The mechanisms underlying the establishment and maintenance of DNA methylation are well understood thanks to decades of research using DNA methylation mutants, primarily in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accession Col-0. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) using the methylomes of natural accessions have uncovered a complex and distinct genetic basis of variation in DNA methylation at the population level. Sequencing following bisulfite treatment has served as an excellent method for quantifying DNA methylation. Unlike studies focusing on specific accessions with reference genomes, population-scale methylome research often requires an additional round of sequencing beyond obtaining genome assemblies or genetic variations from whole-genome sequencing data, which can be cost prohibitive. Here, we provide an overview of recently developed bisulfite-free methods for quantifying methylation and cost-effective approaches for the simultaneous detection of genetic and epigenetic information. We also discuss the plasticity of DNA methylation in a specific Arabidopsis accession, the contribution of DNA methylation to plant adaptation, and the genetic determinants of variation in DNA methylation in natural populations. The recently developed technology and knowledge will greatly benefit future studies in population epigenomes.
Transfer learning promotes acquisition of individual BCI skills
Authors: Kumar Satyam , Alawieh Hussein , Racz Frigyes Samuel , Fakhreddine Rawan , Millán José del R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Subject training is crucial for acquiring brain–computer interface (BCI) control. Typically, this requires collecting user-specific calibration data due to high inter-subject neural variability that limits the usability of generic decoders. However, calibration is cumbersome and may produce inadequate data for building decoders, especially with naïve subjects. Here, we show that a decoder trained on the data of a single expert is readily transferrable to inexperienced users via domain adaptation techniques allowing calibration-free BCI training. We introduce two real-time frameworks, (i) Generic Recentering (GR) through unsupervised adaptation and (ii) Personally Assisted Recentering (PAR) that extends GR by employing supervised recalibration of the decoder parameters. We evaluated our frameworks on 18 healthy naïve subjects over five online sessions, who operated a customary synchronous bar task with continuous feedback and a more challenging car racing game with asynchronous control and discrete feedback. We show that along with improved task-oriented BCI performance in both tasks, our frameworks promoted subjects’ ability to acquire individual BCI skills, as the initial neurophysiological control features of an expert subject evolved and became subject specific. Furthermore, those features were task-specific and were learned in parallel as participants practiced the two tasks in every session. Contrary to previous findings implying that supervised methods lead to improved online BCI control, we observed that longitudinal training coupled with unsupervised domain matching (GR) achieved similar performance to supervised recalibration (PAR). Therefore, our presented frameworks facilitate calibration-free BCIs and have immediate implications for broader populations—such as patients with neurological pathologies—who might struggle to provide suitable initial calibration data.
Release of ballast material during sea-ice melt enhances carbon export in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Swoboda Steffen , Krumpen Thomas , Nöthig Eva-Maria , Metfies Katja , Ramondenc Simon , Wollenburg Jutta , Fahl Kirsten , Peeken Ilka , Iversen Morten 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Globally, the most intense uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) occurs in the Atlantic north of 50°N, and it has been predicted that atmospheric CO2 sequestration in the Arctic Ocean will increase as a result of ice-melt and increased primary production. However, little is known about the impact of pan-Arctic sea-ice decline on carbon export processes. We investigated the potential ballasting effect of sea-ice derived material on settling aggregates and carbon export in the Fram Strait by combining 13 years of vertical flux measurements with benthic eDNA analysis, laboratory experiments, and tracked sea-ice distributions. We show that melting sea-ice in the Fram Strait releases cryogenic gypsum and terrigenous material, which ballasts sinking organic aggregates. As a result, settling velocities of aggregates increased ≤10-fold, resulting in ≤30% higher carbon export in the vicinity of the melting ice-edge. Cryogenic gypsum is formed in first-year sea-ice, which is predicted to increase as the Arctic is warming. Simultaneously, less sea-ice forms over the Arctic shelves, which is where terrigenous material is incorporated into sea-ice. Supporting this, we found that terrigenous fluxes from melting sea-ice in the Fram Strait decreased by &gt;80% during our time-series. Our study suggests that terrigenous flux will eventually cease when enhanced sea-ice melt disrupts trans-Arctic sea-ice transport and thus, limit terrigenous-ballasted carbon flux. However, the predicted increase in Arctic primary production and gypsum formation may enhance gypsum-ballasted carbon flux and compensate for lowered terrigenous fluxes. It is thus unclear if sea-ice loss will reduce carbon export in the Arctic Ocean.
Gender discrimination and family stressors: Perceptions and experiences of women police officers
Authors: Schafer Joseph , Dunlap Brenna , Mancini Michael , Linhorst Donald 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Women police officers may experience discrimination and work–life balance challenges that can impede their entry into and advancement and retention within police organizations. This study used in-depth interviews with 14 women police officers in the St. Louis, MO, metropolitan region to examine workplace stressors, experiences within policing, and perceptions of whether and how gender influenced those stressors and experiences. Participants expressed that they experienced discrimination based on gender, including direct discrimination, such as denial of specialized training, denial of lateral changes in duty assignments, and barriers to career advancement, and indirect discrimination in the form of teasing, harassment, and higher expectations. Many participants also reported they deployed coping strategies to insulate themselves from those experiences, isolated themselves from situations that might result in discrimination or harassment, or sought ways to mitigate the harm of those experiences. Police departments must create environments that support not just gender representation but gender equity.
Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies drive AEC II toward a profibrotic phenotype by interacting with carbamylated TLR5
Authors: Xu Wei , Huang Minghua , Dong Rongrong , Yan Suyan , An Yan , Liu Baocheng , Ma Zhenzhen , Mu Kun , Yang Qingrui 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study looked at the role of anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies in contributing to lung fibrosis in CTD-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) in an autoantigen-dependent manner.

Methods
ELISA was used to test serum samples, including 89 from the CTD-ILD group and 170 from the non-CTD-ILD group, for anti-CarP levels. Male C57BL/6 mice were used for the pulmonary fibrosis model and anti-CarP treatment in vivo (n = 5) and patient serum-derived or commercialized anti-CarP was used for cell treatment. We identified the carbamylated membrane protein via immunofluorescence (IF) and co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Quantitative RT-PCR, IF and western blot were performed to explore the antigen-dependent role of anti-CarP. A native electrophoretic mobility shift assay and MS analysis were used to verify direct interaction and carbamylation sites.

Results
A significantly higher serum anti-CarP level was observed in CTD with ILD than without ILD. In vivo, intrapulmonary delivery of anti-CarP induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and microfibrotic foci. Carbamylation was enriched in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC II). A novel carbamylated membrane receptor, specifically recognized by anti-CarP, was identified as toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). We found anti-CarP induces the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and downstream events, including EMT and expression of inflammatory cytokines in AEC II, which were reversed by TLR5 blocking or TLR5 knockdown. Moreover, up to 12 lysine carbamylation sites were found in TLR5 ectodomain, allowing the interaction of anti-CarP with carbamylated TLR5.

Conclusions
Overall, we found anti-CarP drives aberrant AEC II activation by interacting with carbamylated TLR5 to promote ILD progression.
The Role of Childhood Trauma in Affective Stress Recovery in Early Psychosis: An Experience Sampling Study
Authors: Ader Leonie , Schick Anita , Vaessen Thomas ,   GROUP investigators, Alizadeh Behrooz Z , van Amelsvoort Therese , Cahn Wiepke , de Haan Lieuwe , Schirmbeck Frederike , Simons Claudia J P , van Os Jim , Veling Wim , Morgan Craig , Kempton Matthew J , Valmaggia Lucia , McGuire Philip , Myin-Germeys Inez , Lafit Ginette , Reininghaus Ulrich 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypotheses
Affective recovery, operationalized as the time needed for affect to return to baseline levels after daily stressors, may be a putative momentary representation of resilience. This study aimed to investigate affective recovery in positive and negative affect across subclinical and clinical stages of psychosis and whether this is associated with exposure to childhood trauma (sexual, physical, and emotional abuse).

Study Design
We used survival analysis to predict the time-to-recovery from a daily event-related stressor in a pooled sample of 3 previously conducted experience sampling studies including 113 individuals with first-episode psychosis, 162 at-risk individuals, and 94 controls.

Study Results
Negative affective recovery (ie, return to baseline following an increase in negative affect) was longer in individuals with first-episode psychosis compared with controls (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI; 1.03, 2.61], P = .04) and in at-risk individuals exposed to high vs low levels of emotional abuse (HR = 1.31, 95% CI [1.06, 1.62], P = .01). Positive affective recovery (ie, return to baseline following a decrease in positive affect) did not differ between groups and was not associated with childhood trauma.

Conclusions
Our results give first indications that negative affective recovery may be a putative momentary representation of resilience across stages of psychosis and may be amplified in at-risk individuals with prior experiences of emotional abuse. Understanding how affective recovery contributes to the development of psychosis may help identify new targets for prevention and intervention to buffer risk or foster resilience in daily life.
Food is Medicine and implementation science: A recipe for health equity
Authors: Figueroa Roger , Houghtaling Bailey 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Diet-related chronic diseases such as Type II diabetes, cardiometabolic diseases, and cancer are among the leading causes of death in the USA. Nutrition security has emerged as a target outcome and a national priority for preventative medicine and the treatment of diet-related chronic diseases. Food is Medicine (FIM) initiatives encompass programs and interventions to meet priority population’s needs across food and nutrition security continuums as a mechanism to address persistent food and nutrition inequities. In this position statement, we draw on implementation science, specifically the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS) Framework and health equity principles to provide guidance on FIM initiatives. As the FIM evidence base continues to grow, we encourage the EPIS framework be applied as one lens through which we can improve our understanding of FIM implementation among multiple contexts to understand what works, for whom, and under what circumstances. Ultimately, this position statement aims to call to action the incorporation of implementation science and equity principles into FIM efforts.
Osteology of the two-fingered oviraptorid Oksoko avarsan (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria)
Authors: Funston Gregory F 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Oviraptorosaurs are among the most diverse and best-known extinct theropod groups. Their bizarre anatomy and their social and reproductive behaviour are now well understood. Among the oviraptorid subclade, the two-fingered Oksoko avarsan is particularly well-represented. It is known from several exquisite skeletons, preserving not only the entire skeleton, but multiple stages through ontogeny, providing an exemplar for understanding the anatomy of oviraptorids and the changes that their skeletons experienced over their lifetimes. Here I comprehensively describe the osteology of Oksoko avarsan and comment on its ontogenetic variation. Excellent preservation of the specimens provides unparalleled detail into the anatomy of an oviraptorid, providing valuable context for interpreting other oviraptorosaurs. Several changes are observed to occur through ontogeny relating to robustness of the bones and proportions of the skeleton, but there is little evidence suggesting that discrete features like the cranial crest arose late in ontogeny. Instead, early development of the cranial crest in oviraptorids, and its internal connection with the nasal passages and other pneumatic spaces, argue in favour of a role in vocalization, perhaps alongside sexual display. Detailed anatomical and ontogenetic data, like those provided by known specimens of Oksoko avarsan, are necessary to help to underpin ongoing research into the palaeobiology and macroevolution of Oviraptorosauria.
Tracer‐based lipidomics enables the discovery of disease‐specific candidate biomarkers in mitochondrial β‐oxidation disorders
Authors: Schwantje Marit , Mosegaard Signe , Knottnerus Suzan J. G. , van Klinken Jan Bert , Wanders Ronald J. , van Lenthe Henk , Hermans Jill , IJlst Lodewijk , Denis Simone W. , Jaspers Yorrick R. J. , Fuchs Sabine A. , Houtkooper Riekelt H. , Ferdinandusse Sacha , Vaz Frédéric M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCarnitine derivatives of disease‐specific acyl‐CoAs are the diagnostic hallmark for long‐chain fatty acid β‐oxidation disorders (lcFAOD), including carnitine shuttle deficiencies, very‐long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD), long‐chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD) and mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency (MPTD). The exact consequence of accumulating lcFAO‐intermediates and their influence on cellular lipid homeostasis is, however, still unknown. To investigate the fate and cellular effects of the accumulating lcFAO‐intermediates and to explore the presence of disease‐specific markers, we used tracer‐based lipidomics with deuterium‐labeled oleic acid (D9‐C18:1) in lcFAOD patient‐derived fibroblasts. In line with previous studies, we observed a trend towards neutral lipid accumulation in lcFAOD. In addition, we detected a direct connection between the chain length and patterns of (un)saturation of accumulating acylcarnitines and the various enzyme deficiencies. Our results also identified two disease‐specific candidate biomarkers. Lysophosphatidylcholine(14:1) (LPC(14:1)) was specifically increased in severe VLCADD compared to mild VLCADD and control samples. This was confirmed in plasma samples showing an inverse correlation with enzyme activity, which was better than the classic diagnostic marker C14:1‐carnitine. The second candidate biomarker was an unknown lipid class, which we identified as S‐(3‐hydroxyacyl)cysteamines. We hypothesized that these were degradation products of the CoA moiety of accumulating 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoAs. S‐(3‐hydroxyacyl)cysteamines were significantly increased in LCHADD compared to controls and other lcFAOD, including MTPD. Our findings suggest extensive alternative lipid metabolism in lcFAOD and confirm that lcFAOD accumulate neutral lipid species. In addition, we present two disease‐specific candidate biomarkers for VLCADD and LCHADD, that may have significant relevance for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring.