bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cloud-Resolving ICON Simulations of Secondary Ice Production in Arctic Mixed-Phase Stratocumuli Observed during M-PACE
Authors: Possner A. , Pfannkuch K. , Ramadoss V. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Field measurements and modeling studies suggest that secondary ice production (SIP) may close the gap between observed Arctic ice nucleating particle (INP) concentrations and ice crystal number concentrations ni. Here, we explore sensitivities with respect to the complexity of different INP parameterizations under the premise that ni is governed by SIP. Idealized, cloud-resolving simulations are performed for the marine cold air outbreak cloud deck sampled during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-PACE) with the Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) model. The impact of the droplet shattering (DS) of raindrops and collisional breakup (BR) in addition to the existing Hallet–Mossop rime splintering mechanism were investigated. Overall, 12 different model experiments (12-h runs) were performed and analyzed. Despite the considerable amount of uncertainty remaining with regard to SIP mechanisms and their process representation in numerical models, we conclude from these experiments that (i) only simulations where DS dominates the SIP signal (potentially amplified by BR) capture observed ice-phase and liquid-phase cloud properties, and (ii) SIP events cluster around the convective outflow region and are structurally linked to mesoscale cloud organization. In addition, interactions with primary nucleation parameterizations of varied complexity were investigated. Here, our simulations show that (i) a stable long-lived mixed-phase cloud (MPC) can be maintained in the absence of primary nucleation once SIP is established, (ii) experiments using a computationally more efficient relaxation-based parameterization of primary nucleation are statistically invariant from simulations considering prognostic INP, and (iii) primary nucleation at cloud-top controls the areal extent of the mixed-phase cloud region, and reduces SIP efficacy via DS due to increased depletion of cloud liquid throughout the entire cloud column.

Significance Statement
Secondary ice production (SIP) remains a key challenge in our understanding of boundary layer mixed-phase clouds. Here, we use sensitivity experiments performed with the ICON model at the cloud-resolving scale to explore potential interactions between primary nucleation, SIP, and mesoscale cloud organization. We simulate an Arctic single-layer cold air outbreak stratocumulus deck that was sampled during the M-PACE campaign. We find that once established, SIP alone is sufficient to maintain the mixed-phase cloud state until the end of the simulation. Our sensitivity analysis also shows that numerically more efficient treatments of immersion freezing are statistically invariant from simulations with a full prognostic INP budget.
Evaluating the Feasibility of a Novel Firearm Injury Prevention Program for Pre-adolescent Children Through Health Care and Community-Based Partnerships: The Future Healers Program Pilot Study
Authors: Udoh Karen , Wessel Caitlin , Branch Rheyana , Mahler Jessica , Holland Joseph , Coleman Briana , Alluri Satya , Jordan Symone , Ahmed Anam , Polzin Baylee , Dye Crystal , Smith Kiara , Brown Alyssa , Gully Zahara , Sawning Susan , Ziegler Craig , Ruther Matthew ,   Christopher 2X, Jones Christopher , Miller Keith 
Published: December 2023

Background Firearm violence is an American public health crisis that negatively impacts children and disproportionately affects Black youth. Few firearm injury prevention programs have been described in pre-adolescent children. The Future Healers Program is a novel collaboration constructed via partnership between the medical school, trauma center, academic surgery department, and local non-profit community organization. Our study sought to evaluate if (1) partnering with community organizations facilitated recruitment of children with prior exposure to firearm violence and (2) the health care community was a potential trusted partner appropriate for program delivery. Methods Children aged 4-13 were recruited to join the program via news outlets and social media and in partnership with a local non-profit organization. Of the children and parents participating in the program, 48% (44/92) and 59% (38/64), respectively, completed an IRB-approved survey study. Pearson’s chi-square, percentages, and 95% confidence intervals evaluated differences between children and caregivers on sociodemographic characteristics, firearm exposure (FE), firearm violence exposure (FVE), and perception of health care. Participant’s residence was geocoded in relationship to incidents of firearm injury (2008-2021) in the same region. Results Caregivers (95%) and children (84%) reported substantial exposure to firearm violence and resided in areas with frequent firearm injury incidents. Notably, 82% of caregivers and 66% of children reported having a family member injured by gunfire. A high percentage of caregivers (79%) and children (91%) self-reported trust in the health care system. Conclusion Partnerships between community organizations and health care systems can develop prevention programs that effectively recruit and engage pre-adolescent children impacted by firearm violence.
Symptomatic Upper Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease is Associated With Poor Outcomes and a Broad Spectrum of Etiologies
Authors: Armengol Guillaume , Goudot Guillaume , Miranda Sébastien , Benhamou Ygal , Tafflet Muriel , Guillet Henri , Mortelette Hélène , Levesque Hervé , Messas Emmanuel , Mirault Tristan 
Published: December 2023

The symptomatic upper extremity peripheral artery disease (sUE-PAD) is poorly studied compared with the lower extremity peripheral artery disease (LE-PAD). We aimed to describe sUE-PAD etiologies and outcomes at 2 years. From an observational survey conducted in two French tertiary hospitals, demographic characteristics, etiology, treatment, and outcomes during follow-up were collected on patients with ICD-10 I74.2 code (arterial thrombosis of the upper limbs). We identified 181 patients (53% male, 55 ± 17 years) with hypothenar hammer syndrome (13.8%), cardioembolism (13.3%), atheroma (12.7%), or connective tissue disease (10.5%). No etiology could be found for 16.0% of them. The amputation rate was 13.3%, and lasting symptoms remained at 21.3%. During follow-up, atrial fibrillation occurred in 1 patient and cancer in 4. At 2 years, 59 patients were lost to follow-up, 110 patients were alive, and 12 patients had died. Age and cancer were associated with death. sUE-PAD is not benign, with 20% impaired upper extremity outcome and 10% overall mortality at 2 years. Less frequent than LE-PAD, sUE-PAD presents different characteristics: more women, younger age, and a broad spectrum of etiologies. sUE-PAD requires thorough etiological assessment and is considered to be associated with a severe overall prognosis.
“Free Black Children…That Means Everything”: Black Mother’s Visions of Freedom Within a Radical Healing Framework
Authors: Leath Seanna , Williams Yolanda , Quiles Taina , Parker Bianka-Charity , Mims Lauren , Ross Raven 
Published: December 2023

In the present qualitative study, we draw from a psychological framework of radical healing in communities of color to explore Black mother’s perspectives on what it means to raise free, Black children in the anti-Black racial context of the United States of America. Specifically, we consider the extent to which Black mother’s descriptions about supporting their children’s freedom involve new cultural and social norms that integrate personal wellness with collective social justice practices. We used consensual qualitative research methods to analyze semi-structured interview data from 31 Black mothers (28–50 years, M = 35, SD = 6.03) with children ranging from 6 months to 21 years old. We identified the following themes: promoting pro-Black critical consciousness, encouraging self-authentic expression through socioemotional support, and building strength and resistance through community care. Overall, we found that mothers viewed raising free, Black children as an inherent act of social justice, since they hoped to help their children learn to identify oppressive forces and engage in community-level efforts to promote social change and build a life-affirming future for themselves.
Effect of Baduanjin exercise on executive function in older adults with cognitive frailty: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Xiaoqian , Wu Jiawei , Zhang Haoran , Zheng Guohua 
Published: December 2023

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of Baduanjin exercise on executive function in community-dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty. Design Randomized controlled trial. Setting Community residential centers. Subjects 120 eligible older adults. Interventions Baduanjin training group received supervised Baduanjin training, 60 min sessions three times per week for 24 weeks. The control group did not receive any exercise intervention. Main measures Primary outcome was executive function, assessed using Clock Drawing Test. Secondary outcomes included the subcomponents of executive function (working memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility), attention and cognitive frailty (global cognitive function, physical frailty) assessed using Verbal Fluency Test, Trail Making Test-A/B, Stroop Test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Edmonton Frailty Scale, respectively, at baseline and 24 weeks after intervention. Results After the 24-week intervention, the scores of Clock Drawing Test and Verbal Fluency Test, the Trail Making Test-B time and the Card correct numbers of Stroop Test in Baduanjin training group showed significant improvement compared with control group (all P < 0.05) with small to moderate effect sizes and the significant interaction effect of group by time in the Clock Drawing Test and Trail Making Test-B test ( P = 0.003 and P = 0.043); cognitive frailty variables, including Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Edmonton Frail Scale scores, also showed significant improvement ( P = 0.002 and P = 0.004) with a moderate effect sizes and a significant interaction effect ( P < 0.001, P = 0.013). No adverse events were reported. Conclusion Regular Baduanjin training may be an effective and safe intervention to improve cognitive frailty and executive function in community-dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100050857. Data of registration: 8/5/2020, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj = 133037 .
Parents’ Perception of the Benefit of Receiving a Patient Information Leaflet Prior to Attending a Craniofacial Multidisciplinary Team Appointment
Authors: Millgård Moa , Myhre Anita , Due-Tønnessen Bernt J. , Billaud Feragen Kristin J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective To investigate how a patient information leaflet describing what to expect during a craniofacial multidisciplinary team (MDT) appointment is experienced by parents of children with craniofacial anomalies (CFAs) and whether it helps with preparation for the appointment. Design Combination of qualitative and quantitative design. Setting Norwegian National Unit for Craniofacial Surgery. Participants Thirty-three parents of children with CFAs completed the questionnaire and fourteen were subsequently interviewed. Interventions A patient information leaflet, sent to all parents before their MDT appointment. Main Outcome Measures Descriptive questionnaire data and interview data. Results All parents ( N  =  33, 100%) found the leaflet easy to understand, while 31 (93.9%) found it provided helpful information. However, many first-time attendees still found the MDT setting overwhelming. Conclusions A leaflet may be helpful for parents when preparing for their child's MDT appointment. However, some parents may need additional support and information related to their child's treatment pathway.
Sidedness in Unilateral Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Fell Matthew , Bradley Daniel , Chadha Ambika , Butterworth Sophie , Davies Amy , Russell Craig , Richard Bruce , Wren Yvonne , Lewis Sarah , Chong David 
Published: December 2023

Objective An overview of the literature relating to the sidedness of unilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate to map current knowledge on the cause and impact of directional asymmetry. Design Scoping review with a systematic search of Medline and Embase from inception to May 2023. Patients, Participants Humans born with a left or right unilateral cleft lip with or without a cleft palate. Main Outcome Measures Cleft sidedness as a co-occurrence, an outcome or an exposure. Results Forty studies were eligible for inclusion and confirmed the predilection for the occurrence of left sided cleft lips; 12 studies reported cleft sidedness co-occurring with another phenotype, 11 studies report sidedness as an outcome and 17 studies as an exposure. Phenotypes which were reported to co-occur with either left or right sided clefts included congenital dental anomalies, handedness and additional congenital anomalies. Variables investigated as a potential cause of left or right sided clefts as an outcome included chromosomal anomalies, genetic variants and environmental factors. Outcomes investigated in relation to cleft sidedness as an exposure included facial anatomical features, facial growth, educational attainment, functional and psychological characteristics. More studies showed worse outcomes in right sided clefts versus left sided clefts than vice versa, although studies were inconsistent, and a quality assessment was not performed. Conclusions The field of cleft sidedness research is expanding and there are promising early findings to differentiate cause and outcome by sidedness of the cleft.
Systemic-Sclerosis-Related Interstitial Lung Disease: A Review of the Literature and Recommended Approach for Clinical Pharmacists
Authors: Ferrari Hannah Marie , Kale-Pradhan Pramodini , Konja Jewel , Dierker Michelle , Martirosov Amber Lanae 
Published: December 2023

Objective: To describe the efficacy, safety, and clinical utility of pharmacologic agents in the treatment of systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD). Data Sources: A review of the literature was performed using the terms lung diseases, (interstitial/therapy) AND (scleroderma, systemic/therapy) OR (scleroderma, systemic) AND (lung diseases, interstitial/therapy) in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science. ClinicalTrials.gov was also searched to identify ongoing studies. The initial search was performed in October 2022, with follow-up searches performed in October 2023. Study Selection and Data Abstraction: Articles reviewed were limited to those written in the English language, human studies, and adult populations. Data Synthesis: A variety of therapeutic agents, including mycophenolate, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide (CYC), rituximab (RTX), nintedanib, and tocilizumab (TCZ) have slowed the rate of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) and disease progression. Only nintedanib and TCZ have a labeled indication for SSc-ILD. Two agents, belimumab and pirfenidone, have shown encouraging results in smaller phase II and phase III studies, but have yet to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Patients with pulmonary manifestations of SSc-ILD have worse outcomes and lower survival rates compared with those without. It is imperative that disease management be individualized to achieve optimal patient-centered care. Pharmacists are uniquely suited to support this individualized management. Conclusion: Numerous pharmacologic agents have been studied and repurposed in the treatment of SSc-ILD, with nintedanib and TCZ gaining approval to slow the rate of decline in pulmonary function in SSc-ILD. Other agents, including belimumab and pirfenidone, are on the horizon as potential treatment options; but further studies are needed to compare their efficacy and safety with the current standard of care.
Lecanemab: A Humanized Monoclonal Antibody for the Treatment of Early Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Park Juliane , Simpson Carson , Patel Katie 
Published: December 2023

Objective: To review current pharmacology, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, safety, and efficacy of lecanemab in patients with Alzheimer disease. Data sources: A literature search of PubMed (April 1, 2016-November 15, 2023) and ClinicalTrials.gov search were conducted using the following search terms: lecanemab and BAN2401. Additional articles were identified by hand from references. Study selection and data extraction: We included English-language clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, reviews, and systematic reviews evaluating lecanemab pharmacology, efficacy, or safety in humans for the management of Alzheimer disease. Data synthesis: In the Clarity AD phase III trial, lecanemab led to a decrease in brain amyloid levels and showed moderate improvement in clinical measures of cognition and function. At 18 months, lecanemab 10 mg/kg biweekly exhibited a lower least squares mean change from baseline (1.21) compared to placebo (1.66) of Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes score, signifying a significant difference of −0.45 (95% CI, −0.67 to −0.23; P < 0.001). In a subset of 698 participants, lecanemab reduced brain amyloid burden by −59.1 Centiloids (95% CI, −62.6 to −55.6). Lecanemab demonstrated favorable differences in Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale 14, Alzheimer Disease Composite Score, and Alzheimer Disease Cooperative Study—Mild Cognitive Impairment—Activities of Daily Living scores. Adverse events included infusion-related reactions (26.4%) and amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (12.6%). Relevance to patient care and clinical practice: Lecanemab reduces cognitive decline but raises concerns about intravenous administration, cost, and magnetic resonance imaging needs. Ongoing trials exploring subcutaneous dosing and positron emission tomography scans may offer solutions. Conclusion: Lecanemab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that is selective for soluble amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates. Lecanemab has exhibited a decrease in brain Aβ plaques and moderately less decline on clinical measures of cognitive function.
Customer Perceptions of Firm Innovativeness and Market Performance: A Nation-Level, Longitudinal, Cross-Industry Examination
Authors: Keiningham Timothy , Aksoy Lerzan , Buoye Alexander , Yan An , Morgeson Forrest V. , Woodall Gina , Larivière Bart 
Published: December 2023

This paper highlights the importance of innovation in driving economic growth, noting that traditional measures of innovation have focused mainly on manufacturing-related metrics like patents and R&D activities. It addresses the need for new measures that better reflect innovation in service-dominant economies. Specifically, the study highlights nation-level measures of customer perceived firm innovativeness and examines their relationship with firm financial performance. Using data from the American Innovation Index covering 123 publicly traded firms across 20 industries over 5 years (2018–2022), the research finds that customers’ perceptions of a firm’s innovativeness are significant predictors of future abnormal stock returns. Additionally, it reveals a positive relationship between changes in customer satisfaction levels, as measured by the American Customer Satisfaction Index, and abnormal stock returns. Together, these findings point to the importance of customer perceptions on firm performance.
Construct validity, responsiveness and reliability of the Feline Grimace Scale in kittens
Authors: Cheng Alice J , Malo Annie , Garbin Marta , Monteiro Beatriz P , Steagall Paulo V 
Published: December 2023

Objectives The aim of the present study was to investigate the construct validity, responsiveness and reliability of the Feline Grimace Scale (FGS) in kittens. Methods A total of 36 healthy female kittens (aged 10 weeks to 6 months) were included in a prospective, randomized, blinded study. Video recordings of all kittens were made before and 1 and 2 h after ovariohysterectomy using an opioid-free injectable anesthetic protocol with or without multimodal analgesia. Additional recordings were taken before and 1 h after administration of rescue analgesia (buprenorphine 0.02 mg/kg IM) to painful kittens. Screenshots of facial images were collected from the video recordings for FGS scoring. Four observers blinded to treatment groups and time points scored 111 randomized images twice with a 5-week interval using the FGS. Five action units (AUs) were scored (ear position, orbital tightening, muzzle tension, whiskers position and head position; 0–2 each). Construct validity, responsiveness, and inter- and intra-rater reliability were evaluated using linear models with Benjamini–Hochberg correction, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and single intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCsingle), respectively ( P <0.05). Results FGS total ratio scores were higher at 1 and 2 h after ovariohysterectomy (median [interquartile range, IQR]: 0.30 [0.20–0.40] and 0.30 [0.20–0.40], respectively) than at baseline (median [IQR]: 0.10 [0.00–0.30]) ( P <0.001). FGS total ratio scores were lower after the administration of rescue analgesia (median [IQR] before and after rescue analgesia) 0.40 [0.20–0.50] and 0.20 [0.10–0.38], respectively ( P <0.001). Inter-rater ICCsingle was 0.68 for the FGS total ratio scores and 0.35–0.70 for all AUs considered individually. Intra-rater ICCsingle was 0.77–0.91 for the FGS total ratio scores and 0.55–1.00 for all AUs considered individually. Conclusions and relevance The FGS is a valid and responsive acute pain-scoring instrument with moderate inter-rater reliability and good to excellent intra-rater reliability in kittens.
Incidence of feline idiopathic cystitis and urethral obstruction during COVID-19 human movement restrictions in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Jackson Kayla Ann , Collins Kate Eliza , Kim Te Yeun , Donaldson Rebekah E 
Published: December 2023

Objectives Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) and urethral obstruction (UO) are commonly linked to increased stress. The influence of human movement restrictions on their incidence remains undetermined. FIC with or without UO is associated with environmental stress factors. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic restricted human movement and working behaviours. It is unknown if these restrictions increased the risk of FIC or UO in cats. Methods Total cat emergency accessions and transfers between 8 February 2019 and 8 February 2021 at two private hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. Cats were included in the FIC group if they presented with lower urinary tract signs and supporting urinalysis, and were included in the UO group if they presented with UO. Cats with current urinary tract infection, or previous FIC or UO, were excluded. Groups were considered ‘pre-COVID-19’ between February 2019 and 2020 and ‘COVID-19’ between February 2020 and 2021. Cases of FIC and UO were compared between COVID-19 and pre-COVID-19 using Fisher’s exact test and relative risk (RR) calculations. Results The pre-COVID-19 incidence of FIC was 4.3% (63/1477, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0332–0.053), non-obstructive FIC was 1.4% (20/1477, 95% CI 0.008–0.020) and UO was 2.9% (43/1477, 95% CI 0.020–0.038). One cat was excluded as obstruction occurred during hospitalisation. The COVID-19 incidence of FIC was 5.4% (113/2081, 95% CI 0.044–0.64), non-obstructive FIC was 2.1% (70/2081, 95% CI 0.014–0.027) and UO was 3.4% (70/2081, 95% CI 0.026–0.042). The risk of non-obstructive FIC ( P = 0.122; RR 0.652, 95% CI 0.387–1.096), UO ( P = 0.382; RR 0.839, 95% CI 0.577–1.22) or either ( P = 0.098; RR 0.773, 95% CI 0.572–1.044) was not significantly higher in the COVID-19 period than the pre-COVID-19 period. Conclusions and relevance No clear association between COVID-19 movement restrictions and the incidence of UO or non-obstructive FIC was found within this retrospective population.