bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prognostic value of VISTA combined with imaging in pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Zhu Lubing , Xu Kaiwei , Fang Shuai , Wang Linwei , Chen Chunqu , Wu Ruoyu , Xu Liu , Kuang Fei , Peng Chenyu , Wang Jianhua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) is a malignant tumor of the digestive tract characterized by a gradual onset, rapid progression and poor prognosis. VISTA is a newly discovered immune checkpoint belonging to the B7 family of PD-1 and PD-L1. In this study, VISTA expression in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in para-cancer tissues. It may also be associated with PDAC’s tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Furthermore, the best prognosis involved pancreatic cancer patients with high VISTA expression alongside a more uniform CT density. In addition, through immunohistochemistry, CCK-8 and EDU experiments, it was found that PTBP1 improved the immune infiltration of PDAC by regulating the expression of VISTA and promoting the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α and other cytokines that delay the progression of tumors.
Association of Inappropriate Initial Antibiotic Treatment with 30-Day Mortality in Hematological Malignancies Patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Infection: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study
Authors: Ma Zijun , Lai Chengcheng , Zhang Jun , Han Yuren , Xin Mengjie , Wang Jinghui , Wu Zhuanghao , Luo Yonggang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Bloodstream infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms such as Klebsiella pneumoniae are a significant challenge in managing hematological malignancies. This study aims to identify predictors of inappropriate antibiotic therapy and evaluate its impact on mortality in patients with hematological malignancies experiencing Klebsiella pneumoniae infections.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted at a single center from January 2017 to December 2020, focusing on 182 patients with hematological malignancies who developed Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections. We compared the 30-day mortality rates between patients receiving appropriate and inappropriate antibiotic treatments, including the effectiveness of both single-drug and combination therapies. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate logistic and Cox regression were used to identify factors influencing mortality risk.
Results
The 30-day all-cause mortality rate was 30.2% for all patients. The 30-day all-cause mortality rates were 77.2% and 8.8% in patients who received inappropriate initial treatment and appropriate initial treatment (P < 0.001). Inappropriate initial treatment significantly influenced mortality and was a key predictor of 30-day mortality, along with septic shock and previous ICU stays.
Conclusions
Infections with multidrug-resistant organisms considerably increase mortality in patients with hematological malignancies. A history of antibiotic use is a significant factor in the development of resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. Customizing treatment based on local drug resistance patterns and patient characteristics can reduce resistance and mortality. The alarming mortality risk in patients with carbapenem-resistant infections underscores the importance of rapid and effective treatment initiation, suggesting a potential role for predictive models in early therapeutic interventions.
Refugee women’s holistic identity: A contemporary perspective on the process of becoming a refugee woman
Authors: Borges Gabriela 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

This article explores the convergence of narrative criminology and refugee women's experiences, framing the intricate process of becoming a refugee woman as "refugee women's holistic identity." Building on prior works addressing violence (Borges, 2023) and agency (Borges, 2024), the study integrates insights from 24 interviews with Middle Eastern and African refugee women. It challenges the dichotomy of violence and agency, emphasizing their interconnected nature in shaping a better life. Aligned with Pemberton and Aarten's (2018) narrative constructs, the discussion underscores the centrality of narrative to identity, its role in emotions, and its importance in connecting individual lives to broader cultural contexts. This narrative-centric approach contributes valuable insights to migration studies, informing gender-based policies and practices for enhanced support and offering a model for future research in the field.
Few-cycle, 100-TW-class laser pulses as efficient sources of nanocoulomb electron bunches and Bremsstrahlung
Authors: Horný Vojtech , Bleotu Petrisor , Ursescu Daniel , Tomassini Paolo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The state-of-the-art ultrashort, few-cycle laser pulses recently have entered the regime of the 100 TW-class power and at
10 Hz repetition rate. We explore the potential of such pulses for efficient electron acceleration. The numerical modelling
predicts that hundreds-MeV, nC-class electron bunches can be generated, transferring up to 58% of the laser pulse energy
into electrons above 15 MeV. Furthermore, we exploit such electron bunches for the generation of a secondary source of
hard X-ray Bremsstrahlung in a high-Z converter. The results suggest that up to 30% of the laser energy can be transformed
into hard X-rays with energy above 10 keV. Such an exceptionally high conversion efficiency is achieved through increased
laser-to-electron conversion due to the short duration of the laser pulse and the high energy of the accelerated electrons,
where radiation losses in the converter significantly outweigh collisional losses. This Bremsstrahlung emitter could function as a generator of tertiary particles, including neutrons released through photonuclear reactions.
Chips/graphene conductive boards with excellent electromagnetic shielding properties
Authors: Hao Mingzheng , Li Lei , Feng Ding , Gao Yibo , An Hao , Lv Zhaoxia , Wang Wencai 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Woodchips have attracted attention as wood derivatives because their chemical composition is similar to that of wood but can be manipulated to remove their anisotropic properties. We exposed the cellulose inside woodchips through chemical treatments and used the interaction between chips, graphene, and Ca2+ to process them into new electromagnetic-shielding wood-based materials in a bottom-up manner. When the sawdust-to-graphene ratio was 1:1, the conductivity and shielding of the material were 100 S/cm and 49 dB, respectively. Moreover, this composite material overcomes the anisotropy and inconsistent mechanical properties of natural wood.
El Imperativo Categórico como mediador: ¿El deber puede mejorar la relación entre el Ser Humano y la Naturaleza?
Authors: Moraga Catalina 
Published: January 2024

Resumen
En el siguiente artículo se discute una mirada respecto a la relación de convivencia entre el humano y la naturaleza, una tensión que se ha establecido desde la modernidad por decisiones y motivaciones específicas. La explotación de la biodiversidad requiere hoy de una conciencia medioambiental que traspase los intereses particulares de los seres humanos, por lo que, una posible vía para la discusión y/o superación, es recurrir a la ética kantiana con la noción del deber que se reconoce en el imperativo categórico, junto con otras posturas contemporáneas que contribuyen en el estudio en cuestión; por un lado, una teoría que llama a un biocentrismo y, por otro lado, una que llama a la reconsideración en el ejercicio de la práctica científica. Las posturas en discusión podrían dar una posible solución para la problemática, de manera que, se vuelve relevante desprenderse del interés subjetivo y prácticas interesadas del ser humano hacia la naturaleza.
Creatine in Cognitive Performance: A Commentary
Authors: Godwin Elechi Jasper Okoro , Abrego Guandique Diana Marisol , Cannataro Roberto 
Published: January 2024

Abstract::
Given the importance of cognition in everyday life, medicines that improve cognition safely and affordably are highly wanted. Creatine is an
amino acid-derived substance that aids in the restoration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which provides energy to muscle and brain tissue.
Although the relationship between creatine and cognitive performance is still debatable, here is a brief description of creatine's influence on
cognition with probable implications for future research on this intriguing topic.
Digital Methods for the Spiritual and Mental Health of Generation Z: Scoping Review
Authors: Park Susanna Y , Do Bridgette , Yourell Jacqlyn , Hermer Janice , Huberty Jennifer 
Published: January 2024

Background
Generation Z (Gen Z) includes individuals born between 1995 and 2012. These individuals experience high rates of anxiety and depression. Most Gen Z individuals identify with being spiritual, and aspects from religion and spirituality can be integrated into mental health treatment and care as both are related to lower levels of depression. However, research on the spiritual and mental health of Gen Z is sparse. To date, there are no systematic or scoping reviews on digital methods to address the spiritual and mental health of Gen Z.

Objective
This scoping review aimed to describe the current state of digital methods to address spiritual and mental health among Gen Z, identify the knowledge gaps, and make suggestions for how to leverage digital spiritual and mental health interventions for Gen Z.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Education Full Text, Google Scholar, SocIndex, and Sociological Abstracts. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) study population born between 1995 and 2012 (ie, Gen Z); (2) reporting on spiritual health or well-being, spirituality or religion, and mental health or well-being; (3) reporting on using digital methods; (4) publication in 1996 or beyond; (5) human subject research; (6) full text availability in English; (7) primary research study design; and (8) peer-reviewed article. Two authors screened articles and subsequently extracted data from the included articles to describe the available evidence.

Results
A total of 413 articles were screened at the title and abstract levels, of which 27 were further assessed with full text for eligibility. Five studies met the inclusion criteria, and data were extracted to summarize study characteristics and findings. The studies were performed across 4 different countries. There were 2 mixed-methods studies (South Africa and Canada), 2 cross-sectional studies (China and United States), and 1 randomized controlled trial (United States). Of these studies, only 2 discussed digital interventions (a text messaging–based intervention to improve spiritual and mental health, and a feasibility study for a mental health app). Other studies had a digital component with minor or unclear spiritual and mental health measures. Overall, there was a lack of consistency in how spiritual and mental health were measured.

Conclusions
Few studies have focused on assessing the spiritual and mental health of Gen Z in the digital context, and no research to date has examined a digital spiritual and mental health application among Gen Z. Research is needed to inform the development and evaluation of approaches to address the spiritual and mental health of Gen Z via digital means (eg, mobile apps).
Using a Virtual Reality Tool to Provide Primary Prevention Training in the Construction Field Following a Periodic Medical Visit: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chamot Sylvain , Mahieu Isabelle , Delzard Marion , Leroy Léa , Marhic Gwen , Gignon Maxime 
Published: January 2024

Background
The construction field is highly concerned with the risk of work-related accidents, and training employees is difficult due to their small numbers in most companies.

Objective
This study aimed to study the impact of a virtual reality (VR) training tool following a periodic occupational health medical visit on the feeling of personal effectiveness in preventing occupational risks related to co-activity on a construction site.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study with employees who had a periodic medical visit between April 1, 2022, and October 13, 2022, in a French occupational health service specializing in the construction field (Services Médicaux Interentreprises Bâtiment Travaux Publics [SMIBTP]). The employees were divided into 2 groups according to the training received: a medical visit alone or coupled with a session with a VR tool. We compared the scores for a “feeling of self-efficacy in occupational risk prevention” using the Fisher exact test.

Results
Of the 588 employees included, 210 had a medical visit alone, and 378 had a medical visit coupled with VR training. Training with the VR tool was associated with an increased “feeling of self-efficacy in occupational risk prevention.” The employees who benefited from the training reported a willingness to apply the advice given on prevention to a greater extent than those who did not, and they believed that risks on the worksite could be reduced using this tool.

Conclusions
Using VR training as a complement to periodic medical visits in an occupational health service improves the feeling of personal effectiveness in occupational risk prevention at the end of the training. If this trend is confirmed over a longer period of time, it could be an easily accessible prevention lever for employees in the future.
Physicians’ and Patients’ Expectations From Digital Agents for Consultations: Interview Study Among Physicians and Patients
Authors: Färber Andri , Schwabe Christiane , Stalder Philipp H , Dolata Mateusz , Schwabe Gerhard 
Published: January 2024

Background
Physicians are currently overwhelmed by administrative tasks and spend very little time in consultations with patients, which hampers health literacy, shared decision-making, and treatment adherence.

Objective
This study aims to examine whether digital agents constructed using fast-evolving generative artificial intelligence, such as ChatGPT, have the potential to improve consultations, adherence to treatment, and health literacy. We interviewed patients and physicians to obtain their opinions about 3 digital agents—a silent digital expert, a communicative digital expert, and a digital companion (DC).

Methods
We conducted in-depth interviews with 25 patients and 22 physicians from a purposeful sample, with the patients having a wide age range and coming from different educational backgrounds and the physicians having different medical specialties. Transcripts of the interviews were deductively coded using MAXQDA (VERBI Software GmbH) and then summarized according to code and interview before being clustered for interpretation.

Results
Statements from patients and physicians were categorized according to three consultation phases: (1) silent and communicative digital experts that are part of the consultation, (2) digital experts that hand over to a DC, and (3) DCs that support patients in the period between consultations. Overall, patients and physicians were open to these forms of digital support but had reservations about all 3 agents.

Conclusions
Ultimately, we derived 9 requirements for designing digital agents to support consultations, treatment adherence, and health literacy based on the literature and our qualitative findings.
Exploring Adolescents’ Attitudes Toward Mental Health Apps: Concurrent Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Høgsdal Helene , Kyrrestad Henriette , Rye Marte , Kaiser Sabine 
Published: January 2024

Background
Adolescence is a critical time in which many psychological disorders develop. Mental health promotion is important, especially during this period. In recent years, an increasing number of mobile apps geared toward mental health promotion and preventing mental illness have been developed specifically for adolescents, with the goal of strengthening their mental health and well-being.

Objective
This study aims to explore adolescents’ attitudes toward mental health apps, as well as the perceived usefulness of mental health apps.

Methods
In this mixed methods study, a total of 183 adolescents (mean age 15.62, SD 3.21 years) answered a cross-sectional questionnaire, with 10 questions (eg, “What do you think about mental health apps in general?”). To complement the quantitative findings, individual interviews were conducted with 9 adolescents, during which they could elaborate on their opinions about mental health apps.

Results
A total of 30% (56/183) of the adolescents in the quantitative study had used a mental health app. Over half of the respondents (77/126, 61.1%) reported that they would use a mental health app if they had a mental health problem as well as that they thought mental health apps were somewhat or very useful (114/183, 62.3%). Availability was the most frequently reported advantage of mental health apps (107/183, 58.8%). Possible associated costs of mental health apps were the most frequently mentioned barrier to their use (87/183, 47.5%). Findings from the interviews also pointed to the importance of the availability of mental health apps as well as their credibility and potential to provide adolescents with autonomy when seeking mental health advice and help.

Conclusions
Overall, the results indicate that adolescents have a positive attitude toward and an interest in mental health apps. However, adolescents are also more or less unaware of such apps, which might be one reason why they are often not used. The findings of this study have important implications for future research on mental health apps and for developers of mental health apps that target young people. The insights gained from this study can inform the development of more effective mental health apps that better meet the needs and preferences of adolescents.
Developing a Framework to Infer Opioid Use Disorder Severity From Clinical Notes to Inform Natural Language Processing Methods: Characterization Study
Authors: Poulsen Melissa N , Freda Philip J , Troiani Vanessa , Mowery Danielle L 
Published: January 2024

Background
Information regarding opioid use disorder (OUD) status and severity is important for patient care. Clinical notes provide valuable information for detecting and characterizing problematic opioid use, necessitating development of natural language processing (NLP) tools, which in turn requires reliably labeled OUD-relevant text and understanding of documentation patterns.

Objective
To inform automated NLP methods, we aimed to develop and evaluate an annotation schema for characterizing OUD and its severity, and to document patterns of OUD-relevant information within clinical notes of heterogeneous patient cohorts.

Methods
We developed an annotation schema to characterize OUD severity based on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. In total, 2 annotators reviewed clinical notes from key encounters of 100 adult patients with varied evidence of OUD, including patients with and those without chronic pain, with and without medication treatment for OUD, and a control group. We completed annotations at the sentence level. We calculated severity scores based on annotation of note text with 18 classes aligned with criteria for OUD severity and determined positive predictive values for OUD severity.

Results
The annotation schema contained 27 classes. We annotated 1436 sentences from 82 patients; notes of 18 patients (11 of whom were controls) contained no relevant information. Interannotator agreement was above 70% for 11 of 15 batches of reviewed notes. Severity scores for control group patients were all 0. Among noncontrol patients, the mean severity score was 5.1 (SD 3.2), indicating moderate OUD, and the positive predictive value for detecting moderate or severe OUD was 0.71. Progress notes and notes from emergency department and outpatient settings contained the most and greatest diversity of information. Substance misuse and psychiatric classes were most prevalent and highly correlated across note types with high co-occurrence across patients.

Conclusions
Implementation of the annotation schema demonstrated strong potential for inferring OUD severity based on key information in a small set of clinical notes and highlighting where such information is documented. These advancements will facilitate NLP tool development to improve OUD prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
ASSESSMENT OF ANTIBIOTICS PRESCRIPTION PATTERN BY USING WHO PRESCRIBING INDICATORS IN GENERAL MEDICINE WARD OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: B. J. VINEEL , P. M. SATHISH , R. YOGANANDA 
Published: January 2024

Objective: Antibiotics encompass a great extent of the important cornerstone in clinical medicine. Antibiotics are being used more often for treatment, prophylaxis, and diagnosis as the diversity of infectious illnesses grows. Irrational prescribing of antibiotics leads to antibiotic resistance, ineffective treatment, polypharmacy, and an increase in treatment cost. This study is to assess prescribing pattern of antibiotics in the general medicine ward of a tertiary care hospital, Chitradurga.
Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of six months. A self-designed data collection form was used to collect the data from the prescriptions. The collected data was entered and analysed using Microsoft Excel.
Results: In 300 prescriptions, a total of 2,468 drugs were prescribed, with an average of 8.2 drugs per prescription. A total of 719 antibiotics were prescribed, with an average of 2.3 per prescription. Percentage of antibiotics prescribed by generic name was 6% and prescribed according to EDL was 74%. About 96% of prescriptions containing antibiotics are in injection form. Ceftriaxone (30.32%) was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic. Cephalosporins (44.51%) were the most frequently prescribed class of antibiotics.
Conclusion: This study indicate that prescription pattern was not optimal compared to the recommended values of the WHO core prescribing indicators. The prescribing practices were not appropriate as they consisted of polypharmacy, lesser prescription by generic name, and parenteral route of administration more than the oral route. Hence, there is a need to implement the standards of antibiotic guidelines prescribed rational therapy.
Behavioral change of eating habits and physical activity in overweight Mexican women: barriers and facilitators/Cambio conductual de hábitos alimentarios y actividad física en mujeres mexicanas con sobrepeso: barreras y facilitadores
Authors: Ramírez Pérez Jonathan Israel , Lugo González Isaías Vicente , Reynoso Erazo Leonardo , Cabrera Castañón Rosalva 
Published: January 2024

Overweight and obesity are risk factors for the development of chronic diseases, mostly attributed to physical inactivity and unhealthy eating habits. The aim of this study was to identify the barriers and facilitators for behavioral change in physical activity, and the regulation of eating habits in a group of overweight Mexican women to design a behavior modification intervention based on the Capacity, Opportunity, Motivation and Behavior (COM-B) model. A qualitative study was carried out using an action-research design; Through a focus group, data was collected from six women with a semi-structured interview. A deductive content analysis was carried out, and we could identify that the main barriers to behavioral changes in health were information deficit, negative emotional states, environmental interactions, and lack of social support; likewise, the main facilitators include the consequences of behavior at an aesthetic and health level and having the support of family and friends. Based on what was found, a group of intervention procedures are suggested that correspond to the COM-B model and that can be applied to design and test the effects of interventions on health behaviors and thus prevent the development of chronic diseases.