bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Groupwise Shape Correspondence Refinement with a Region of Interest Focus
Authors: Galmiche Pierre , Seo Hyewon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhile collections of scan shapes are becoming more prevalent in many real‐world applications, finding accurate and dense correspondences across multiple shapes remains a challenging task. In this work, we introduce a new approach for refining non‐rigid correspondences among a collection of 3D shapes undergoing non‐rigid deformation. Our approach incorporates a Region Of Interest (ROI) into the refinement process, which is specified by the user on one shape within the collection. Based on the functional map framework and more specifically on the notion of cycle‐consistency, our formulation improves the overall matching consistency while prioritizing that of the region of interest. Specifically, the initial pairwise correspondences are refined by first defining the localized harmonics that are confined within the transferred ROI on each shape, and subsequently applying the CCLB (Canonical Consistent Latent Basis) framework both on the global and the localized harmonics. This leads to an enhanced matching accuracy for both the ROIs and the overall shapes across the collection. We evaluate our method on various synthetic and real scan datasets, in comparison with the state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
Cultivating child and youth decision‐making: The principles and practices of the ReSPECT approach to professional development
Authors: Michail Samia , Grace Rebekah , Ng Jonathan , Shier Harry 
Published: November 2023

AbstractParticipatory approaches are important to ensuring that the involvement of children in decision‐making is normalised in service provision. Participation work requires that professionals have well‐developed engagement skills, and a commitment to the right of the child or young person to participate. Effective participatory approaches also require that organisations provide active support for child‐centred practice. The Reconceptualising Services from the Perspectives of Experienced Children and Teens (ReSPECT) approach is an Australian professional development (PD) program that addresses these key aspects of participation work. It offers professionals a way to:(1) increase their awareness of the complex issues, challenges and benefits surrounding participation; and (2) develop a sense of empowerment and competence in the ‘doing’ of participation work. The PD program encourages professionals to understand their own position in relation to participation work with children, develop bespoke strategies that account for their unique practice context and assemble support structures that can maintain their participation strategies beyond the training. The principles and practices of the ReSPECT PD program are outlined and positioned within the existing literature on theoretical and practice approaches. The paper contributes to critical debate on the mechanisms that can lead to changes in professional practice and organisational culture, for the meaningful engagement of children as stakeholders in decision‐making. It is shared as a way of supporting others designing professional development approaches for child and youth decision‐making.
Following Affirmative and Negated Rules
Authors: Wirth Robert , Kunde Wilfried , Pfister Roland 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRules are often stated in a negated manner (“no trespassing”) rather than in an affirmative manner (“stay in your lane”). Here, we build on classic research on negation processing and, using a finger‐tracking design on a touchscreen, we show that following negated rather than affirmative rules is harder as indicated by multiple performance measures. Moreover, our results indicate that practice has a surprisingly limited effect on negated rules, which are implemented more quickly with training, but this effect comes at the expense of reduced efficiency. Only affirmative rules are thus put into action efficiently, highlighting the importance of tailoring how rules are communicated to the peculiarities of the human mind.
Expanding regulatory science: Regulatory complementarity and reliance
Authors: Mukonzo Jackson K. , Ndagije Helen Byomire , Sabblah George Tsey , Mathenge Wangui , Price David A. , Grasela Thaddeus H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDrug regulatory institutions, infrastructures, and systems are becoming increasingly interconnected across national boundaries and increasingly global in outlook. This process is reflected in the broadening and deepening application of the principles and practice of Regulatory Reliance, and parallel initiatives to strengthen the capacities of regulatory institutions in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Although these developments are important and constructive, they have tended to be framed in terms of the transfer of systems, knowledge, and skills from relatively “mature” regulatory agencies in high‐income countries (HICs) to less‐well‐resourced regulatory agencies in LMICs. This framing recognizes and foregrounds the considerable practical challenges that many LMIC regulatory agencies face, but in doing so, also backgrounds and underestimates the significance of the different contextual insights that LMIC health researchers and regulators can bring to the regulatory deliberations of their HIC counterparts. This position paper argues that the systematic pursuit, identification, and sharing of these different contextual insights—a dimension of regulatory science that we term “Regulatory Complementarity”—can augment the current practice and goals of Regulatory Reliance, and further invigorate the emerging global regulatory ecosystem.
FOXO1 reduces STAT3 activation and causes impaired mitochondrial quality control in diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zhou Lu , Su Wating , Wang Yafeng , Zhang Yuefu , Xia Zhongyuan , Lei Shaoqing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate the role of FOXO1 in STAT3 activation and mitochondrial quality control in the diabetic heart.MethodsType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg · kg−1 streptozotocin (STZ), while type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in rats with a high‐fat diet through intraperitoneal injection of 35 mg · kg−1 STZ. Primary neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cells were exposed to low glucose (5.5 mM) or high glucose (HG; 30 mM) with or without treatment with the FOXO1 inhibitor AS1842856 (1 μM) for 24 hours. In addition, the diabetic db/db mice (aged 8 weeks) and sex‐ and age‐matched non‐diabetic db/+ mice were treated with vehicle or AS1842856 by oral gavage for 15 days at a dose of 5 mg · kg−1 · d−1.ResultsRats with T1DM or T2DM had excessive cardiac FOXO1 activation, accompanied by decreased STAT3 activation. Immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analysis showed colocalization and association of FOXO1 and STAT3 under basal conditions in isolated cardiomyocytes. Selective inhibition of FOXO1 activation by AS1842856 or FOXO1 siRNA transfection improved STAT3 activation, mitophagy and mitochondrial fusion, and decreased mitochondrial fission in isolated cardiomyocytes exposed to HG. Transfection with STAT3 siRNA further reduced mitophagy, mitochondrial fusion and increased mitochondrial fission in HG‐treated cardiomyocytes. AS1842856 alleviated cardiac dysfunction, pathological damage and improved STAT3 activation, mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in diabetic db/db mice. Additionally, AS1842856 improved mitochondrial function indicated by increased mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate production and decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in isolated cardiomyocytes exposed to HG.ConclusionsExcessive FOXO1 activation during diabetes reduces STAT3 activation, with subsequent impairment of mitochondrial quality, ultimately promoting the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Use of artificial intelligence software in dental education: A study on assisted proximal caries assessment in bitewing radiographs
Authors: Schropp Lars , Sørensen Anders Peter Sejersdal , Devlin Hugh , Matzen Louise Hauge 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionTeaching of dental caries diagnostics is an essential part of dental education. Diagnosing proximal caries is a challenging task, and automated systems applying artificial intelligence (AI) have been introduced to assist in this respect. Thus, the implementation of AI for teaching purposes may be considered. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an AI software on students’ ability to detect enamel‐only proximal caries in bitewing radiographs (BWs) and to assess whether proximal tooth overlap interferes with caries detection.Materials and MethodsThe study included 74 dental students randomly allocated to either a test or control group. At two sessions, both groups assessed proximal enamel caries in BWs. At the first session, the test group registered caries in 25 BWs using AI software (AssistDent®) and the control group without using AI. One month later, both groups detected caries in another 25 BWs in a clinical setup without using the software. The student's registrations were compared with a reference standard. Positive agreement (caries) and negative agreement (no caries) were calculated, and t‐tests were applied to assess whether the test and control groups performed differently. Moreover, t‐tests were applied to test whether proximal overlap interfered with caries registration.ResultsAt the first and second sessions, 56 and 52 tooth surfaces, respectively, were detected with enamel‐only caries according to the reference standard. At session 1, no significant difference between the control (48%) and the test (42%) group was found for positive agreement (p = .08), whereas the negative agreement was higher for the test group (86% vs. 80%; p = .02). At session 2, there was no significant difference between the groups. The test group improved for positive agreement from session 1 to session 2 (p < .001), while the control group improved for negative agreement (p < .001). Thirty‐eight per cent of the tooth surfaces overlapped, and the mean positive agreement and negative agreement were significantly lower for overlapping surfaces than non‐overlapping surfaces (p < .001) in both groups.ConclusionTraining with the AI software did not impact on dental students’ ability to detect proximal enamel caries in bitewing radiographs although the positive agreement improved over time. It was revealed that proximal tooth overlap interfered with caries detection.
Carbonate morphological features of vineyard soils in a semiarid Mediterranean environment
Authors: Jiménez‐Ballesta R. , Bravo S. , Pérez‐de‐los‐Reyes C. , Amorós J. A. , García‐Navarro F. J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany vineyard soils in semiarid Mediterranean environments develop from carbonated materials and often show very diverse forms of pedogenic calcium carbonate accumulations. Based on 275 vineyard soil profiles in the Castilla La Mancha (CLM) territory (Spain), this paper presents an in‐depth comprehensive study of a large number of morphological expressions of these carbonate distributions, while exploring various pedogenesis formation hypotheses. The interactions among the calcareous nature of parent material, surface topography and climate are the factors that most affected their morphology and pedogenesis. The occurrence and distribution of carbonate features in CLM vineyard soils can be more complex than in other areas. Many accumulations are relatively ancient, which is the case of petrocalcic horizons, and in‐keeping with conservative means, which reveals the occurrence of successive carbonate accumulation cycles. More recently dissolved and precipitated seasonally pedogenic carbonates (sometimes as coatings) have appeared, which are nothing more than a simple recent redistribution of carbonates. A structural imprint is observed: pedogenic carbonates appeared much more abundantly on the lowermost horizons, which can be related to the repeated redistribution phases that occurred in different pedogenesis stages. The data provided herein help to improve the understanding of the nature of viticultural calcareous soils in semiarid Mediterranean regions.
Verb frame distribution and text difficulty: A corpus‐based analysis of verb frames in Chinese textbooks
Authors: Liu Meichun , Zhang Zhuo , Lee John Sie Yuen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aims to explore how verb frames can potentially influence text difficulty and shed new light on text evaluation. Different from previous works focusing mostly on lexical frequencies, this paper explores semantic categories of verbs and their correlation with the difficulty levels (DLs) of textbooks. Based on a corpus of nine sets of primary school Chinese textbooks, verb‐frame diversity and distribution trends by difficulty levels were examined. The results show that the diversity of verb frames has a strong positive correlation with difficulty levels. The distribution trends of the frames largely correspond with the three cognitive tiers proposed in the skill theory for language development: the sensory–motor, representational, and abstract tiers. This study introduces verb frames as a salient semantic factor in text analysis and proposes that verb‐frame‐related features have the potential to be utilized in the evaluation of leveled instructional materials and readability assessment.
Mushroom‐based biocatalysts for the synthesis of aroma and flavours from exogenous organic molecules: a review of two decades
Authors: Bora Pranjit Kumar , Kemprai Phirose , Hussain Sajjad , Baishya Rinku , Jadhav Dipesh , Haldar Saikat 
Published: November 2023

SummaryMushroom species, rich in lignolytic oxidoreductases are promising biocatalysts for the functionalization or degradation of small molecules to produce aroma and/or flavours. These macrofungi, sources of thermostable extracellular enzymes are often safer as biocatalysts, produce aromatic flavours similar to plant‐origin and capable of using a wide range of recalcitrant lignocellulosic substrates. The current review summarises the research on mushroom‐mediated production of aroma and aromatic flavours from organic molecules (pure or extract) in the last two decades. It mainly includes oxidative conversion or degradation of small molecules such as mono and sesquiterpenoids, phenylpropanoids, aromatic or linear alcohols and carbonyls, alkenes, carotenoids, fatty acids and amino acids into oxygenated aroma/flavours using the whole‐cells or purified enzymes of mushroom‐origin. Allylic or alcohol oxidation, alkene cleavage and degradation of unsaturated long‐chains were the major pathways of oxidative transformations. Reductive conversions of aromatic and linear carbonyls were also exemplified. However, slow biomass growth, low‐substrate load, conversion, product titre and selectivity, long fermentation time, difficult/low expression of enzymes, cost‐effective and efficient upscaling, insufficient genomic data are major challenges in utilising the diversity of mushroom species for aroma and bioflavour production in industrial scale.
Epigenetic alterations in urothelial bladder cancer associated with disease outcomes
Authors: Nunes Francisca Martins , Apolónio Joana Dias , Mota‐Pinto Anabela , Leão Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesBladder cancer (BLCA) is a molecular heterogeneous disease with known genetic distinctive signatures. However, DNA methylation is highly prevalent across a wide range of tumors, suggesting its potential in oncogenesis. Here, we aimed to interrogate the role of nine epigenetic alterations as diagnostic and prognostic markers in BLCA.MethodsDNA methylation, gene expression, and clinicopathological information were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas data portal. Methylation values and gene expression were assessed to determine their association with normal and malignant tissue. Additionally, we studied the association between methylation values and clinicopathological variables. For the prognostic model, Kaplan–Meier Survival curves were generated. Lastly, univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to evaluate the simultaneous impact of methylation and clinicopathological variables on the risk of tumor progression and survival.ResultsNine CpG sites' methylation ‐values involved in our study demonstrated different methylation signatures between normal and malignant urothelium. Hypermethylated CpGs were overrepresented in tumor tissue (p < 0.0001). Opposingly, 4 CpG sites showed lower methylation values in tumor samples (p < 0.0001). Cg12743248high and cg17192862low are risk factors for progression‐free survival, whereas cg12374721high (HR:3.003 (1.283–7.030)) also demonstrated to be the most valuable independent risk factor for disease progression and a risk factor for overall survival.ConclusionsWe have identified that methylated cg12374721 shows promise as a diagnostic and independent prognostic marker in BLCA progression.
Splenocytes with fucosylation deficiency promote T cell proliferation and differentiation through thrombospondin‐1 downregulation
Authors: Ko Jung Hwa , Ryu Jin Suk , Oh Jang‐Hee , Oh Joo Youn 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFucosylation plays a critical role in cell‐to‐cell interactions and disease progression. However, the effects of fucosylation on splenocytes and their interactions with T cells remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the transcriptome profiles of splenocytes deficient in fucosyltransferase (FUT) 1, an enzyme that mediates fucosylation, and investigate their impact on the proliferation and differentiation of T cells. We analysed and compared the transcriptomes of splenocytes isolated from Fut1 knockout (KO) mice and those from wild‐type (WT) mice using RNA‐seq. Additionally, we examined the effects of Fut1 KO splenocytes on CD4 T cell proliferation and differentiation, in comparison to WT splenocytes, and elucidated the mechanisms involved. The comparative analysis of transcriptomes between Fut1 KO and WT splenocytes revealed that thrombospondin‐1, among the genes related to immune response and inflammation, was the most highly downregulated gene in Fut1 KO splenocytes. The reduced expression of thrombospondin‐1 was further confirmed using qRT‐PCR and flow cytometry. In coculture experiments, Fut1 KO splenocytes promoted the proliferation of CD4 T cells and drove their differentiation toward Th1 and Th17 cells, compared with WT splenocytes. Moreover, the levels of IL‐2, IFN‐γ and IL‐17 were increased, while IL‐10 was decreased, in T cells cocultured with Fut1 KO splenocytes compared with those with WT splenocytes. These effects of Fut1 KO splenocytes on T cells were reversed when thrombospondin‐1 was replenished. Taken together, our results demonstrate that splenocytes with Fut1 deficiency promote CD4 T cell proliferation and Th1/Th17 differentiation at least in part through thrombospondin‐1 downregulation.
RETRACTED: A systematic review of the exercise effects on burn wound healing
Authors: Niumanlan  , Jingming Yan , Hao Qin , Farzan Ramyar , Alizadeh Otaghvar Hamidreza 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe emerging evidence has indicated the role of microRNAs (miRNA) in various physiological or pathological processes. Also, documents have suggested that exercise, by affecting miRNA regulation, may enhance burn wound healing. The current study aims to systematically review the role of exercise in regulating miRNAs related to burn wound healing to provide potential therapeutic targets. A comprehensive, systematic search was performed in different international electronic databases, such as Embase, PubMed and Google Scholar search engine, Science Direct, ProQuest and Ovid using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings from 2010 to September 2023. The keywords, including ‘exercise’ AND ‘burn wound’ AND ‘microRNA’ and finally, six cases were achieved. Evidence has indicated that exercise may promote the healing of burn wounds by regulating certain miRNAs. Studies have found that exercise regulates the expression of miRNAs such as mir‐155, miR‐21, let‐7a, miR‐146a, miR‐122 and mir‐210 in burn wound tissue, which regulate inflammation and angiogenesis. These findings suggest that miRNAs may play a role in the positive effect of exercise on burn wound healing. However, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms involved fully.
Patients' experiences with early rehabilitation in intensive care units: A qualitative study about aspects that influence their participation
Authors: Knutsen Karina , Solbakken Rita , Gallagher Shaun , Müller Ranveig Trondsen , Normann Britt 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo explore patients' experiences with early rehabilitation in the intensive care unit and what they perceive to influence their participation.DesignA qualitative design anchored in phenomenological and hermeneutical traditions utilizing in‐depth interviews.MethodsThirteen patients were interviewed from 5 to 29 weeks following discharge from three units, in January–December 2022. Analysed using systematic text condensation and the pattern theory of self. Reporting adhered to consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research.ResultsInterviews described four main categories: (1) A foreign body, how the participants experienced their dysfunctional and different looking bodies. (2) From crisis to reorientation, the transformation the participants experienced from a state of crisis to acceptance and the ability to look forwards, indicating how bodily dysfunctions are interlinked to breakdowns of the patients' selves and the reorganization process. (3) Diverse expectations regarding activity: ambiguous expectations communicated by the nurses. (4) Nurse–patient: a powerful interaction, highlighting the essential significance of positive expectations and tailored bodily and verbal interaction for rebuilding the patient's outwards orientation.ConclusionOutwards orientation and reorganization of the self through a reduction in bodily dysfunctions, strengthening the patients' acceptance of the situation, providing tailored expectations and hands‐on and verbal interaction appear to be fundamental aspects of patient participation in early rehabilitation.ImplicationsInsights into patients' perceptions show how dysfunctional bodies cloud individuals' perceptual fields, causing inwards orientation and negative thoughts concerning themselves, their capabilities, environment and future. This knowledge can improve nurses' ability to tailor care to promote optimal recovery for patients.Patient or Public ContributionUser representative contributed to the design of the study.