bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoding Nature with Nature's Tools: Heterotic Line Bundle Models of Particle Physics with Genetic Algorithms and Quantum Annealing
Authors: Abel Steve A. , Constantin Andrei , Harvey Thomas R. , Lukas Andre , Nutricati Luca A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe string theory landscape may include a multitude of ultraviolet embeddings of the Standard Model, but identifying these has proven difficult due to the enormous number of available string compactifications. Genetic Algorithms (GAs) represent a powerful class of discrete optimisation techniques that can efficiently deal with the immensity of the string landscape, especially when enhanced with input from quantum annealers. In this letter, we focus on geometric compactifications of the heterotic string theory compactified on smooth Calabi‐Yau threefolds with Abelian bundles. We make use of analytic formulae for bundle‐valued cohomology to impose the entire range of spectrum requirements, something that has not been possible so far. For manifolds with a relatively low number of Kähler parameters, we compare the GA search results with results from previous systematic scans, showing that GAs can find nearly all the viable solutions while visiting only a tiny fraction of the solution space. Moreover, we carry out GA searches on manifolds with a larger numbers of Kähler parameters where systematic searches are not feasible.
Spray performance and control efficacy against pests in paddy rice by UAV‐based pesticide application: effects of atomization, UAV configuration and flight velocity
Authors: Wongsuk Supakorn , Qi Peng , Wang Changling , Zeng Aijun , Sun Fuyu , Yu Fengquan , Zhao Xu , Xiongkui He 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDOver the past decade, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayers have emerged as valuable tools for pesticide application across various crops. Despite their increasing usage, the impact of several factors on spray performance and control efficacy in paddy fields warrants further investigation. This study examines atomization characteristics using a UAV spray test platform. Our evaluation of field spraying performance considers three UAV models, two nozzle types, two flight velocities, and adding methylated vegetable oil adjuvant (MVOA), in comparison with the electrical knapsack sprayer (EKS).RESULTSAtomization characteristics demonstrated consistency within the downwash airflow field, but were influenced by spray solution, nozzle type, and spray pressure. The eight‐rotor UAV sprayer excelled over the quad‐rotor model in terms of spray deposition across both upper and lower rice canopies. The six‐rotor UAV exhibited enhanced spray deposition, droplet density, and coverage at a flight velocity of 4 m s−1. The choice of nozzle was pivotal; the flat fan nozzle produced finer droplets with desirable deposition and coverage, whereas the air‐induction nozzle created larger droplets with consistent coverage at various flight velocities. Adding MVOA improved the physicochemical properties of the spray and its performance, yielding a more uniform distribution. When compared with the EKS, UAVs showed lower deposition but comparable spray penetration. Control efficacy with the UAV sprayer was less effective against Mythimna separata but achieved 81% efficacy against Laodelphax striatellus within 7 days.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates that UAV sprayers, particularly when combined with tank‐mix adjuvants and nozzle types, can be highly effective for controlling rice pests. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Identification, synthesis, and characterization of an unprecedented N‐(2‐carboxyethyl) adduct impurity in an injectable ganirelix formulation
Authors: Jadav Rohit , Kameriya Ramraj , Chatterjee Saurav , Gour Vinod , Purohit Parva , Bandyopadhyay Anupam 
Published: December 2023

Ganirelix, a peptide‐based drug used to treat female infertility, has been in high market demand, which attracted generic formulation. A hitherto unknown impurity of ganirelix was observed in our formulation process, which reached ~0.3% in 6 months and led to a detailed investigation of its structure. In‐depth analysis of ESI‐MS/MS data of this impurity coupled with an artificial intelligence prediction tool led to a highly unusual putative structure, that is, N‐(2‐carboxyethyl)‐ganirelix (NCE‐GA), which was authenticated by chemical synthesis from ganirelix and NMR analysis and via corroborated HPLC and MS/MS data with the formulation‐derived impurity.
Effect of heat treatment on lupin reactivity against rabbit polyclonal antibodies after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Hashemi Negin , Bavaro Simona L. , Corredig Milena 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite the growing interest in lupin as a source of protein, due to its potential to decrease the environmental footprint of food supply, its allergenic properties have not been fully explored. This study focused on lupin's potential to induce allergic reactions in food‐sensitized individuals. The antigenic properties of lupin proteins were investigated after exposing lupin protein isolate as well as lupin flours to an in vitro digestion. The effect of thermal treatment, on the digestibility and immunoreactivity of the proteins was also investigated. Protein breakdown was analyzed by SDS‐PAGE, but also by evaluating the distribution of peptide sizes and the extent of hydrolysis via quantifying the free N‐terminal amino acid content. Immunogenicity was assessed by Western blot analysis using a commercial antibody. The individual or combined effects of the food matrix and processing were noted after gastric digestion of the lupin flours, as some of the protein fractions showed resistance toward pepsin activity and caused responses to the commercial antibodies, particularly the fractions likely associated with α‐conglutin (20 kDa) and γ‐conglutin (17 kDa). Gastric digestion of lupin flours also revealed the possibility of formation of neo‐allergens, which warrants future identification. However, after the intestinal phase, lupin proteins underwent complete hydrolysis, with no observed responses toward the specific antibody used. Nevertheless, these findings underscore the need for further research employing sera from allergic patients to lupin in order to avoid potential false‐negative results.
FeNiCo|MnGaOx Heterostructure Nanoparticles as Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Zn−Air Batteries
Authors: Luo Liuxiong , Liu Yuren , Chen Siyu , Zhu Qinwen , Zhang Di , Fu Yue , Li Jiaqi , Han Jianling , Gong Shen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDriven by the pressing demand for stable energy systems, zinc−air batteries (ZABs) have emerged as crucial energy storage solutions. However, the quest for cost‐effective catalysts to enhance vital oxygen evolution and reduction reactions remains challenging. FeNiCo|MnGaOx heterostructure nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are synthesized using liquid‐phase reduction and H2 calcination approach. Compared to its component, such FeNiCo|MnGaOx/CNT shows a high synergistic effect, low impedance, and modulated electronic structure, leading to a superior bifunctional catalytic performance with an overpotential of 255 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and half‐wave potential of 0.824 V (ω = 1600 rpm and 0.1 m KOH electrolyte). Moreover, ZABs based on FeNiCo|MnGaOx/CNT demonstrate notable features, including a peak power density of 136.1 mW cm−2, a high specific capacity of 808.3 mAh gZn−1, and outstanding stability throughout >158 h of uninterrupted charge−discharge cycling. Theoretical calculations reveal that the non‐homogeneous interface can introduce more carriers and altered electronic structures to refine intermediate adsorption reactions, especially promoting O* formation, thereby enhancing electrocatalytic performance. This work demonstrates the importance of heterostructure interfacial modulation of electronic structure and enhancement of adsorption capacity in promoting the implementation of OER/ORR, ZABs, and related applications.
Application and prospect of the therapeutic strategy of inhibiting cellular senescence combined with pro‐regenerative biomaterials in regenerative medicine
Authors: Li Qianyi , Wang Zhenzhen , Shi Nuo , Qi Yang , Yao Wenfei , Yu Jie , Lu Yiming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractComplete regeneration of damaged tissues/organs has always been the ultimate challenge in regenerative medicine. Aging has long been considered the basis of age‐related diseases, as senescent cells gradually accumulate in tissues with increasing age, tissues exhibit aging and normal physiological functions are inhibited. In recent years, in damaged tissues, scholars have found that the number of cells with features of cellular senescence continues to increase over time. The accumulation of senescent cells severely hinders the healing of damaged tissues. Furthermore, by clearing senescent cells or inhibiting the aging microenvironment, damaged tissues regained their original regenerative and repair capabilities. On the other hand, various biomaterials have been proved to have good biocompatibility and can effectively support cell regeneration after injury. Combining the two solutions, inhibiting the cellular senescence in damaged tissues and establishing a pro‐regenerative environment through biomaterial technology gradually reveals a new, unexpected treatment strategy applied to the field of regenerative medicine. In this review, we first elucidate the main characteristics of senescent cells from morphological, functional and molecular levels, and discuss in detail the process of accumulation of senescent cells in tissues. Then, we will explore in depth how the accumulation of senescent cells after damage affects tissue repair and regeneration at different stages. Finally, we will turn to how to promote tissue regeneration and repair in the field of regenerative medicine by inhibiting cellular senescence combined with biomaterial technology. Our goal is to understand the relationship between cellular senescence and tissue regeneration through this new perspective, and provide valuable references for the development of new therapeutic strategies in the future.
High‐Throughput 3D Imaging Flow Cytometry of Suspended Adherent 3D Cell Cultures
Authors: Yamashita Minato , Tamamitsu Miu , Kirisako Hiromi , Goda Yuki , Chen Xiaoyao , Hattori Kazuki , Ota Sadao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract3D cell cultures are indispensable in recapitulating in vivo environments. Among the many 3D culture methods, culturing adherent cells on hydrogel beads to form spheroid‐like structures is a powerful strategy for maintaining high cell viability and functions in the adherent states. However, high‐throughput, scalable technologies for 3D imaging of individual cells cultured on the hydrogel scaffolds are lacking. This study reports the development of a high throughput, scalable 3D imaging flow cytometry platform for analyzing spheroid models. This platform is realized by integrating a single objective fluorescence light‐sheet microscopy with a microfluidic device that combines hydrodynamic and acoustofluidic focusing techniques. This integration enabled unprecedentedly high‐throughput and scalable optofluidic 3D imaging, processing 1310 spheroids consisting of 28 117 cells min−1. The large dataset obtained enables precise quantification and comparison of the nuclear morphology of adhering and suspended cells, revealing that the adhering cells have smaller nuclei with less rounded surfaces. This platform's high throughput, robustness, and precision for analyzing the morphology of subcellular structures in 3D culture models hold promising potential for various biomedical analyses, including image‐based phenotypic screening of drugs with spheroids or organoids.
Addressing Anti‐Black Racism in English Language Teaching: Experiences from Duoethnography Research
Authors: Wong Wales , Ortega Yecid 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAnti‐Black racism can be difficult to discuss in English language teaching because teachers often feel unprepared. This article describes our experiences as researchers and educators from a duoethnographic self‐study to understanding the possibilities of addressing social justice issues in an adult English as a second language (ESL) classroom. Using the concepts of anti‐racism and solidarity, we explored how teachers can plan, deliver, and evaluate lessons that resonate with the students' academic needs, while also addressing discrimination against marginalized communities. We gathered data from conversations via Zoom and electronic communications as well as various classroom materials and analyzed them to find emerging themes. The data revealed that addressing anti‐Black racism in the ESL classroom comes with tensions about sparking trauma among students, a lack of time to prepare the content, and how to create safe spaces for students. This article proposes that despite the difficulties teachers might experience when addressing these topics, vigorous work must be done to actively challenge the privileges and oppression that are present not only in classroom practices but also in personal experiences.
Eupatilin ameliorates postmenopausal osteoporosis via elevating microRNA‐211‐5p and repressing JAK2/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Hong Liu , Yang Chao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPostmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) poses a significant threat to women's health worldwide. Eupatilin is a key bioactive component of the Chinese herbal medicine Artemisia asiatica Nakai. Recent research reports have proved the inhibitory function of Eupatilin in many diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21–23 nucleotide‐long, single‐stranded, noncoding RNA molecules generated endogenously, and many studies have indicated that miRNAs are involved in the development of osteoporosis. This study explored the role and potential mechanism of Eupatilin underlying PMOP. First, rats were given intragastric administration of Eupatilin every day and subcutaneous injections of oligonucleotides or plasmids that interfered with miR‐211‐5p or janus kinase 2 (JAK2) once a week. After 4 weeks, the PMOP rat model was established. Then, serum alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and phosphorus levels, as well as femur bone mineral density and biomechanical parameters, were detected. Hematoxylin–eosin staining and Masson staining were applied for detecting the pathological condition of femur, and immunohistochemical staining was for detecting osteocalcin. MC3T3‐E1 cells were transfected with plasmid vectors interfering with miR‐211‐5p or JAK2; and cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity, and cell mineralization were subsequently examined. The relationship between miR‐211‐5p and JAK2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway was analyzed. The targeting relation between miR‐211‐5p and JAK2 was also verified. The experimental results revealed that Eupatilin improved the pathological conditions of PMOP rats by promoting the proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts. MiR‐211‐5p was down‐regulated and JAK2/STAT3 was upregulated in PMOP rats. Upregulation of miR‐211‐5p further improved the pathological conditions of PMOP rats based on Eupatilin treatment. MiR‐211‐5p inhibited the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. JAK2 offset the effects of elevated miR‐211‐5p on PMOP rats. Overall, Eupatilin attenuates PMOP through elevating miR‐211‐5p and repressing JAK2/STAT3 pathway, which suggests the utility of Eupatilin as a potential drug for POMP treatment.
Investigating the effect of bio‐convection, chemical reaction, and motile microorganisms on Prandtl hybrid nanofluid flow across a stretching sheet
Authors: Khan Zeeshan , Thabet Esraa N. , Abd‐Alla Abdelmooty Mohamed , Bayones Fatima Salem 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDue to extensive application in extruding plastic sheet processes, liquid film condensation, glass blowing, biopolymer cylinder coatings, paper manufacture, and other processes, the thermodynamical characteristics of non‐Newtonian fluids across stretched surfaces have acquired ubiquitous essence. Therefore, the present communication aims to openly elucidate Prandtl fluid flow characteristics produced by a stretching surface. In this analysis, a hybrid nanofluid (HNF) is considered by using pure water as a base fluid and two various nanomaterials (copper and Titanium dioxide) as nanoparticles in the characterization of heat transfer. Moreover, the goal of this investigation is to ascertain the heat transfer characteristics of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Prandtl hybrid nanofluid (PHNF) model. Across the stretching sheet, this article interrogates the inclined MHD, chemical reaction, bio‐convection, linearly thermal radiation, and Darcy–Forchheimer (DF) effect in the attendance of porous medium of HNF. The modified Buongiorno model for nanofluids is adopted to explore heat transport augmentation. It includes the mechanics of nanoparticle random motion and thermo‐migration as well as useful nanofluid characteristics. Additionally, the outcomes are contrasted with nanofluid flow. With the right level of similarity, the process converts partial differential equations emerging in nanofluidic systems into nonlinear differential equation systems. The (FDM) finite difference approach (Lobatto IIIA) is used for the nonlinear nanofluid issue with the precision of order 4 to 5 and is implemented using a variety of collocation locations. The strength of (Lobatto IIIA) is its effectiveness in handling coupled differential equations that are extremely nonlinear. The higher‐order differential equations are converted into a first‐order method utilizing the boundary value dilemma (bvp4c) solver, which is part of the MATLAB software package, to computationally analyze the simplified mathematical model. The data obtained demonstrated a high degree of accuracy and symmetry when measured against previously published studies. Following earlier studies, increasing the values of the Prandtl parameters increases the velocity profiles of both basic nanofluid and HNF, while the Forchheimer and porosity parameters reduce fluid velocity. Additionally, as the values of the magnetic parameters increase, the temperature and concentration of simple and HNFs rise as well.
Retrofitting und Datenakquisition mittels Industrie 4.0-Technologien
Authors: Hardt Tina , Mieves Hans-Joachim , Marx Christoph , Meisberger Christian 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDaten sind die Grundlage vieler I4.0-Applikationen und auch für die Anwendung der Module der AKKORD AI-Toolbox. Es gibt viele verschiedene Arten von Daten, zum Beispiel Kundendaten, Auftragsdaten oder Rezepte in der Produktion. Dieser Artikel befasst sich speziell mit Prozessdaten. Prozessdaten sind digitale oder analoge Werte, wie beispielsweise Temperatur, Druck, Maschineneinstellungen, die relevante prozessbezogene Informationen darstellen bzw. einen Prozess beschreiben. Die Erfassung von Daten aus Prozessen ist keine triviale Aufgabe, da Anlagen oft geschlossene Systeme sind oder historisch gewachsen und dementsprechend heterogen aufgebaut sind. Hat man es mit einem geschlossenen System zu tun, ist zum Beispiel ein Problem, durch nachgerüstete Datenerfassung die Herstellergarantie nicht zu verletzen. Bei gewachsenen Systemen stellen unterschiedliche Schnittstellen und Protokolle sowie gegebenenfalls Synchronisierung und Datenzusammenführung Herausforderungen dar. Der Artikel beschreibt diese Herausforderungen, wie heterogene Datenquellen und Protokolle, bei der Akquisition von Daten im Allgemeinen, gibt Tipps zur Datenerfassung und geht beispielhaft auf die Umsetzung der Datenerfassung im Anwendungsfall des Projektpartners PolyMerge sowie dem Autorenn-Demonstrator und den Ansatz der AKKORD-Lernstation ein. Grundlegende Kenntnisse zu gängigen industriellen Protokollen und Komponenten industrieller Anlagen sind Voraussetzung, um die Schwierigkeiten und zugehörigen Tipps zu verstehen.
Konzeption und Entwicklung eines integrierten Datenbackends für die industrielle Datenanalyse
Authors: Eickhoff Thomas , Göbel Jens C. , Apostolov Christo , Krappe Hardy 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Verfügbarkeit relevanter Daten in den betreffenden Produktlebenszyklusphasen bildet eine notwendige Voraussetzung für die Durchführung industrieller Datenanalysen. Die individuelle Analysezielsetzung und die spezifischen Anforderungen des jeweiligen Anwendungsszenarios bestimmen essenzielle Randbedingungen für die technische Auslegung einer Datenanalyse-Umgebung. Ausgehend von den verschiedenen im Forschungsprojekt AKKORD analysierten Anwendungsfällen wurde ein modulares Vorgehensmodell entwickelt, das verschiedene Lösungsbausteine umfasst, um unterschiedliche Szenarien angemessen abbilden zu können. Dabei wird die Auswahl erforderlicher Lösungskomponenten und die Realisierung einer informationstechnischen Lösung durch einen an dem Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining angelehnten Prozess unterstützt. Die abgedeckten Anwendungsszenarien schließen hierbei die dezentrale Vernetzung verschiedener Datenquellen ein, um die vorhandenen Datenquellen zu nutzen. Daneben wird der Aufbau eines zentralen Datenbackends für die integrierte Verwaltung aller relevanten Analysedaten ermöglicht. Um zusätzliche Flexibilität bei der Vorverarbeitung der Daten zu erreichen, wird als dritte Lösungskomponente ein Data-Warehouse-Ansatz eingesetzt. Für die in diesem Kapitel vorgestellten Datenbackend-Ansätze und Konzeptmodule wird weiterhin eine Entscheidungshilfe zur Auswahl der für einen spezifischen Anwendungsfall bestmöglichen Konfiguration vorgestellt. Abschließend werden Möglichkeiten für den Einsatz von Standardlösungen für den Aufbau des Datenbackends sowie für die Weitergabe der Daten an Analysemodule diskutiert und abgegrenzt.
Advancing Women’s Empowerment in the Gulf: Pathways, Challenges, and Policy Implications
Authors: Aref Ahmed , Fallentine Angela 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis final chapter of the book provides insightful concluding remarks based on the valuable evidence presented on women’s empowerment and public policy. It emphasizes the need for evidence-based policies tailored to local values, collaboration between stakeholders, and gender-specific research to achieve sustainable progress in women’s empowerment. The chapter examines pathways to increase women’s empowerment, identifies challenges that need to be addressed, and offers recommendations for sustained engagement to promote women’s empowerment in the Arab Gulf States.