bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic preference foundations of expected exponentially-discounted utility
Authors: Webb Craig S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExpected exponentially-discounted utility (EEDU) is the standard model of choice over risk and time in economics. This paper considers the dynamic preference foundations of EEDU in the timed risks framework. We first provide dynamic preference foundations for a time-invariant expected utility representation. The new axioms for this are called foregone-risk independence and strong time invariance. This class of dynamic preferences includes EEDU as a special case. If foregone-risk independence is strengthened to a new condition called conditional consistency, then an EEDU representation results. Alternative approaches for extending exponential discounting axioms to risk are considered, resulting in five new preference foundations of EEDU.
Reproductive biology of male common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) in New Zealand waters
Authors: Palmer Emily I. , Betty Emma L. , Murphy Sinéad , Perrott Matthew R. , Smith Adam N. H. , Stockin Karen A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReproductive parameters were assessed in 64 male common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) examined post-mortem from strandings and bycatch in New Zealand between 1999 and 2020. The stages of male sexual maturation were assessed using morphological measurements and histological examination of testicular tissue. Age was determined via growth layer groups (GLGs) in teeth. The average age (ASM) and length (LSM) at attainment of sexual maturity were estimated to be 8.8 years and 198.3 cm, respectively. Individual variation in ASM (7.5–10 years) and LSM (190–220 cm) was observed in New Zealand common dolphins. However, on average, sexual maturity was attained at a similar length but at a marginally younger age (< 1 year) in New Zealand compared to populations in the Northern Hemisphere. All testicular variables proved better predictors of sexual maturity compared to demographic variables (age and total body length), with combined testes weight the best outright predictor of sexual maturity. Reproductive seasonality was observed in male common dolphins, with a significant increase in combined testes weight in austral summer. This aligns with most other studied populations, where seasonality in reproduction is typically observed. Given the known anthropogenic impacts on New Zealand common dolphins, we recommend that these findings be used as a baseline from which to monitor population-level changes as part of conservation management efforts.
Functional properties of ant queen pheromones as revealed by behavioral experiments
Authors: Zeng Haolin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn ant colony is the epitome of social organization where up to millions of individuals cooperate to survive, compete, and reproduce as a single superorganism, Female members of ant colonies typically are categorized into a reproductive queen caste and a non-reproductive worker caste. The queen(s) conveys her fertility condition and in cases, genotype status, via a suite of queen pheromones whose various functions are crucial to the superorganismal nature of ant colonies. Knowledge of these functional properties is fundamental for identifying constituent chemicals and understanding corresponding modes of actions. In this review, I summarize functional properties of ant queen pheromones learned from seven decades of behavioral experiments, and contextualize this knowledge within the broader understanding of queen pheromones in other major groups of social insects. The effects include promotion of colony integrity and coherence, maintenance of reproductive dominance of the queen, and regulation of colony social structure. Additionally, general characteristics of queen pheromones are discussed and potential avenues for future research are highlighted.
The value of routine blood work-up in clinical stratification and prognosis of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Gentile Francesco , Maranzano Alessio , Verde Federico , Bettoni Veronica , Colombo Eleonora , Doretti Alberto , Olivero Marco , Scheveger Francesco , Colombrita Claudia , Bulgarelli Ilaria , Spinelli Edoardo Gioele , Torresani Erminio , Messina Stefano , Maderna Luca , Agosta Federica , Morelli Claudia , Filippi Massimo , Silani Vincenzo , Ticozzi Nicola 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
There is an unmet need in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to provide specific biomarkers for the disease. Due to their easy availability, we aimed to investigate whether routine blood parameters provide useful clues for phenotypic classification and disease prognosis.

Methods
We analyzed a large inpatient cohort of 836 ALS patients who underwent deep phenotyping with evaluation of the clinical and neurophysiological burden of upper (UMN) and lower (LMN) motor neuron signs. Disability and progression rate were measured through the revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) and its changes during time. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess survival associations.

Results
Creatinine significantly correlated with LMN damage (r = 0.38), active (r = 0.18) and chronic (r = 0.24) denervation and baseline ALSFRS-R (r = 0.33). Creatine kinase (CK), alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) transaminases correlated with active (r = 0.35, r = 0.27, r = 0.24) and chronic (r = 0.37, r = 0.20, r = 0.19) denervation, while albumin and C-reactive protein significantly correlated with LMN score (r = 0.20 and r = 0.17). Disease progression rate showed correlations with chloride (r = −0.19) and potassium levels (r = −0.16). After adjustment for known prognostic factors, total protein [HR 0.70 (95% CI 0.57–0.86)], creatinine [HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.81–0.92)], chloride [HR 0.95 (95% CI 0.92–0.99)], lactate dehydrogenase [HR 0.99 (95% CI 0.99–0.99)], and AST [HR 1.02 (95% CI 1.01–1.02)] were independently associated with survival.

Conclusions
Creatinine is a reliable biomarker for ALS, associated with clinical features, disability and survival. Markers of nutrition/inflammation may offer additional prognostic information and partially correlate with clinical features. AST and chloride could further assist in predicting progression rate and survival.
Current challenges and practical aspects of molecular pathology for non-small cell lung cancers
Authors: Hofman Paul , Berezowska Sabina , Kazdal Daniel , Mograbi Baharia , Ilié Marius , Stenzinger Albrecht , Hofman Véronique 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe continuing evolution of treatment options in thoracic oncology requires the pathologist to regularly update diagnostic algorithms for management of tumor samples. It is essential to decide on the best way to use tissue biopsies, cytological samples, as well as liquid biopsies to identify the different mandatory predictive biomarkers of lung cancers in a short turnaround time. However, biological resources and laboratory member workforce are limited and may be not sufficient for the increased complexity of molecular pathological analyses and for complementary translational research development. In this context, the surgical pathologist is the only one who makes the decisions whether or not to send specimens to immunohistochemical and molecular pathology platforms. Moreover, the pathologist can rapidly contact the oncologist to obtain a new tissue biopsy and/or a liquid biopsy if he/she considers that the biological material is not sufficient in quantity or quality for assessment of predictive biomarkers. Inadequate control of algorithms and sampling workflow may lead to false negative, inconclusive, and incomplete findings, resulting in inappropriate choice of therapeutic strategy and potentially poor outcome for patients. International guidelines for lung cancer treatment are based on the results of the expression of different proteins and on genomic alterations. These guidelines have been established taking into consideration the best practices to be set up in clinical and molecular pathology laboratories. This review addresses the current predictive biomarkers and algorithms for use in thoracic oncology molecular pathology as well as the central role of the pathologist, notably in the molecular tumor board and her/his participation in the treatment decision-making. The perspectives in this setting will be discussed.
Roboterbasierter 3D-Druck mit neuen Dimensionen
Authors: Brandstötter Mathias , Petersmann Sandra , Bosch Julian 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDer roboterbasierte 3D-Druck ermöglicht neue Dimensionen der additiven Fertigung. Im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen 3D-Druckern, die in der Regel auf einem festen Druckbett arbeiten, wird ein Roboterarm als Bewegungsplattform verwendet. Dies eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten in Bezug auf Designfreiheit, Material- und Prozessvielfalt. Da Roboterarme komplexe Bewegungen ausführen können, sind sie in der Lage, 3D-Objekte mit sehr komplexen Strukturen und Geometrien zu drucken, die Notwendigkeit von Stützmaterial zu reduzieren oder zu eliminieren sowie eine Vielzahl von Materialien zu verarbeiten, darunter auch solche mit sehr unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften, wie Elastomere, Metalle oder Verbundwerkstoffe. Das Druckverfahren kann je nach Material und Anforderungen angepasst werden. Dies eröffnet die Möglichkeit, ein breites Spektrum von Anwendungen zu optimieren, insbesondere im Hinblick auf Design, Funktionsintegrität und Prozessoptimierung.
The contested role of AI ethics boards in smart societies: a step towards improvement based on board composition by sortition
Authors: Conti Ludovico Giacomo , Seele Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe recent proliferation of AI scandals led private and public organisations to implement new ethics guidelines, introduce AI ethics boards, and list ethical principles. Nevertheless, some of these efforts remained a façade not backed by any substantive action. Such behaviour made the public question the legitimacy of the AI industry and prompted scholars to accuse the sector of ethicswashing, machinewashing, and ethics trivialisation—criticisms that spilt over to institutional AI ethics boards. To counter this widespread issue, contributions in the literature have proposed fixes that do not consider its systemic character and are based on a top-down, expert-centric governance. To fill this gap, we propose to make use of qualified informed lotteries: a two-step model that transposes the documented benefits of the ancient practice of sortition into the selection of AI ethics boards’ members and combines them with the advantages of a stakeholder-driven, participative, and deliberative bottom-up process typical of Citizens’ Assemblies. The model permits increasing the public’s legitimacy and participation in the decision-making process and its deliverables, curbing the industry’s over-influence and lobbying, and diminishing the instrumentalisation of ethics boards. We suggest that this sortition-based approach may provide a sound base for both public and private organisations in smart societies for constructing a decentralised, bottom-up, participative digital democracy.
Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation on strain-hardening and fracture behaviors of polycarbonate: Effect of polydispersity and spatial distribution
Authors: Leelaprachakul Tatchaphon , Kubo Atsushi , Umeno Yoshitaka 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCoarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation of polycarbonate is utilized to investigate the relationship between molecular structure (i.e., polydispersity and molecular spatial distribution) and strain-hardening and fracture behavior of polycarbonate. We find that strain-hardening modulus and chain extensibility, which are the constitutive parameters of the Eindhoven Glassy Polymer model are highly affected by spatial distribution but are insensitive to polydispersity. This is attributed to the higher rate of nonaffine deformation in the structure with a high radius of gyration. On the other hand, maximum stress at fracture is highly influenced by both spatial distribution and polydispersity due to the ability to sustain entanglements at larger strain. We suggest the phenomenological expression of maximum stress as a function of the radius of gyration, the number of entanglements, and polydispersity.
A note on the remainder in the approximation of functions by some positive linear operators
Authors: Birou Marius-Mihai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this note we give representations for the remainder in approximations formulas generated by positive linear operators which preserve some functions including linear functions. We show that in these cases the Peano kernel from the integral representation of the remainder has the same sign on the definition domain. Applications to the iterates of some positive linear operators and quadrature formulas are given.
Computation of Winding-Based Magnetic Helicity and Magnetic Winding Density for SHARP Magnetograms in Spherical Coordinates
Authors: Xiao Daining , Prior Christopher B. , Yeates Anthony R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMagnetic helicity has been used widely in the analysis and modelling of solar active regions. However, it is difficult to evaluate and interpret helicity in spherical geometry since coronal magnetic fields are rooted in the photosphere and helicity is susceptible to gauge choices. Recent work extended a geometrical definition of helicity from Cartesian to spherical domains, by interpreting helicity as the average, flux-weighted pairwise winding of magnetic-field lines. In this paper, by adopting the winding-based definition of helicity, we compute helicity and winding in spherical coordinates for SHARP (Spaceweather HMI Active Region Patches) magnetograms. This is compared with results obtained in Cartesian coordinates to quantitatively investigate the effect of spherical geometry. We find that the Cartesian approximations remain mostly valid, but for active regions with large spatial extents or strong field strengths (usually leading to flares and coronal mass ejections) there are significant deviations due to surface curvature that must be accounted for.
Origin and Evolution of Enceladus’s Tidal Dissipation
Authors: Nimmo Francis , Neveu Marc , Howett Carly 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEnceladus possesses a subsurface ocean beneath a conductive ice shell. Based on shell thickness models, the estimated total conductive heat loss from Enceladus is 25–40 GW; the measured heat output from the South Polar Terrain (SPT) is 4–19 GW. The present-day SPT heat flux is of order $100\text{ mW}\,\text{m}^{-2}$
100
mW

m

−
2

, comparable to estimated paleo-heat fluxes for other regions of Enceladus. These regions have nominal ages of about 2 Ga, but the estimates are uncertain because the impactor flux in the Saturnian system may not resemble that elsewhere. Enceladus’s measured rate of orbital expansion implies a low dissipation factor $Q_{p}$

Q
p

for Saturn, with $Q_{p} \approx 3\times 10^{3}$

Q
p

≈
3
×

10

3

(neglecting the role of Dione). This value implies that Enceladus’s present-day equilibrium tidal heat production (roughly 50 GW, but with large uncertainties) is in approximate balance with its heat loss. If $Q_{p}$

Q
p

is constant, Enceladus cannot be older than 1.5 Gyr (because otherwise it would have migrated more than is permissible). However, Saturn’s dissipation may be better described by the “resonance-locking” theory, in which case Enceladus’s orbit may have only evolved outwards by about 35% over the age of the Solar System. In the constant-$Q_{p}$

Q
p

scenario, any ancient tidal heating events would have been too energetic to be consistent with the observations. Because resonance-locking makes capture into earlier mean-motion orbital resonances less likely, the inferred ancient heating episodes probably took place when the current orbital resonance was already established. In the resonance-locking scenario, tidal heating did not change significantly over time, allowing for a long-lived ocean and a relatively stable ice shell. If so, Enceladus is an attractive target for future exploration from a habitability standpoint.
Can the marsh migrate? Factors influencing the growth of Spartina patens under upland conditions
Authors: Dowling Tessa M. , Travis Steven E. , Morgan Pamela A. , Zogg Gregory P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe high elevation salt marsh plant Spartina patens can potentially cope with accelerated sea level rise by migrating inland, but the ability to do so may differ among plant ecotypes. We compared performance among ecotypes collected from three different sites within mesocosms in which we manipulated soil type, plant litter and salinity. Half of our treatment levels simulated conditions plants would encounter when expanding into terrestrial environments (i.e., upland soil, litter present and low salinity); the other half expansion into tidal creeks (i.e., marsh soil, litter absent, and high salinity). Plant litter and salinity did not significantly affect aboveground biomass or rhizome growth and only affected flowering in a three-way interaction with site. However, all three parameters were significantly affected by soil conditions and the site × soil interaction. Upland soil conditions reduced aboveground biomass, rhizome growth and flowering, as compared to marsh soil conditions, for ecotypes from some sites but not others. When just comparing plant performance in the upland soil treatment, ecotypes from some collection sites did better than others. One plausible explanation for this ecotypic variation is pre-adaptation to differences we found in organic matter content among our collection sites, with the ecotype collected from the site with the lowest organic matter content generally being least impacted by upland soil conditions. Our results indicate that S. patens ecotypes can vary in their capacity to successfully expand into uplands, and thus we suggest prioritizing conservation of such ecotypes, as well as their use in restoration efforts. Consideration of ecotypic variation might also prove useful in deciding where to focus conservation efforts for marsh migration.
Relational topologies in the learning activity spaces: operationalising a sociomaterial approach
Authors: Castañeda Linda , Marín Victoria I. , Villar-Onrubia Daniel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTechnology-mediated interactions and datafication are increasingly central in contemporary social dynamics and institutions, including teaching and learning processes. In order to fully understand the complex entanglements of human and non-human actants that emerge in postdigital education, it is essential to imagine new methodological approaches that are sensitive to the multidimensional nature of education—as a socially and materially-situated phenomenon that increasingly takes place across distributed contexts. The overall goal of this paper is to propose and operationalise a new methodological approach for the study of technology in education. It draws on the notion of relational topologies to improve our understanding of educational settings and, ultimately, how learning unfolds. The proposed approach relies on a multi-paradigm enquiry strategy, based on the idea of using “topologies of digital data practices” in combination with the three dimensions that articulate design-for-learning processes according to the Activity-Centred Analysis and Design (ACAD) framework: epistemic, social and set designs. While the article focuses on presenting the elements of the approach from a theoretical perspective, we illustrate its application through the data collected in a small case study that will serve as a testbed. The topologies of relations we present in this article show uses of technology—as described by participants in their own learning experience—that involve different spaces, devices, and personal situations. In doing so, we reveal how humans and non-humans are entangled in hybrid, unstable and generative ways. The article concludes with some remarks on the value of the proposed approach for studying technology in education and its potential to explore the state-of-the-actual in this field, with the ultimate goal of helping inform educational research, practice and decision-making.
Dense subgraphs in temporal social networks
Authors: Dondi Riccardo , Guzzi Pietro Hiram , Hosseinzadeh Mohammad Mehdi , Milano Marianna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInteractions among entities are usually modeled using graphs. In many real scenarios, these relations may change over time, and different kinds exist among entities that need to be integrated. We introduce a new network model called temporal dual network, to deal with interactions which change over time and to integrate information coming from two different networks. In this new model, we consider a fundamental problem in graph mining, that is, finding the densest subgraphs. To deal with this problem, we propose an approach that, given two temporal graphs, (1) produces a dual temporal graph via alignment and (2) asks for identifying the densest subgraphs in this resulting graph. For this latter problem, we present a polynomial-time dynamic programming algorithm and a faster heuristic based on constraining the dynamic programming to consider only bounded temporal graphs and a local search procedure. We show that our method can output solutions not far from the optimal ones, even for temporal graphs having 10000 vertices and 10000 timestamps. Finally, we present a case study on a real dual temporal network.
Mixed cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis secondary to marginal zone lymphoma in a patient with end-stage renal failure on haemodialysis
Authors: Coorey Craig Peter , Aarabi Amirhossein , Kumar Karthik 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCryoglobulinaemia vasculitis can present with a variety of symptoms and there is limited data on the incidence and presentation of cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis in haemodialysis patients. We report a case of a 63-year-old male who had a series of presentations with rash, visual changes, abdominal pain, weight loss, fevers and digital ischaemia. This is on a background of a congenital single kidney with end-stage renal failure secondary to diabetes and hypertension, receiving haemodialysis for nearly 5 years. He initially experienced a leukocytoclastic vasculitis rash confirmed on skin biopsy, followed by multiple hospital presentations for undifferentiated abdominal pain and fever of unknown source. Jejunal biopsy revealed intestinal vasculitis. His peripheral blood flow cytometry and bone marrow biopsy were consistent with marginal zone lymphoma (indolent subtype, IgM kappa clone). Further testing revealed a type II cryoglobulinaemia consisting of an IgM kappa monoclonal band with polyclonal IgG (cryocrit 5%). A diagnosis of cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis was established and he was treated with pulsed methylprednisolone and rituximab therapy. However, after receiving three doses of rituximab the patient developed a presumed vasculitis-associated pulmonary haemorrhage for which he received treatment with five sessions of plasma exchange. His symptoms resolved and cryocrit reduced to < 1% after his final dose of rituximab. The clinical features of cryoglobulinaemia may be difficult to detect in chronic haemodialysis patients and vigilance is required.