bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trap cropping effect on oviposition behaviour of the leek moth Acrolepiopsis assectella and the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella
Authors: Åsman Karolina 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe potential of trap cropping as a pest control strategy was explored for two specialist moth species, where oviposition behaviour determines larval distribution. Oviposition behaviour was studied at three different scales: Individual plants in the laboratory, small scale field experiments with and without cages, and medium scale field trials. The study insects were the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), a specialist on Brassica species and the leek moth, Acrolepiopsis assectella (Z.) (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae), a specialist on Allium species. The diamondback moth preferred Indian mustard, Brassica juncea (L.) over white cabbage, B. oleracea var alba (L.). The leek moth did not show preference when offered leek, Allium porrum (L.) and chives, A. schoenoprasum (L.). However, the leek moth did prefer to oviposit on plants of a larger biomass over smaller plants. In both the small scale and the medium scale field studies the trap crops reduced the number of eggs laid on the primary crop. The total number of eggs laid in the monoculture and the trap crop treatments were the same in the small scale field cage study, but the females distributed their eggs differently. More eggs were laid on trap crops compared with primary crops and this pattern was also validated in the medium scale field trials. In this study only the direct effects of trap cropping were considered. Indirect effects of vegetation diversity such as enhancement of natural enemies could potentially increase the efficacy of trap cropping.
Public health nutrition workforce composition, core functions, competencies and capacity: perspectives of advanced-level practitioners in Australia
Authors: Hughes Roger 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjectives:To investigate the attitudes, experiences and beliefs of advanced-level public health nutritionists with respect to public health nutrition workforce composition, core functions, competency requirements and existing workforce capacity.Design:Qualitative study using structured interviews.Setting:Australia.Subjects:Forty-one advanced-level public health nutritionists employed in academic and senior technocratic positions in state health systems.Results:Advanced-level public health nutritionists recognise the diversity of the public health nutrition workforce but clearly identify the need for a specialist public health nutrition workforce tier to provide workforce leadership. Nominated core functions for public health nutrition reflect broader public health core functions but, in the context of nutrition, specific problem resolution. Opinions about competency needs were similar to many of the cross-cutting competencies identified in the public health field but with specific application to nutrition problems. Competency in the scientific underpinning of nutrition was considered particularly important and delineated this public health nutrition workforce from the broader public health workforce. Public health nutrition was identified as a specialisation within public health and dietetics. Workforce capacity assessments by this group indicate a need for workforce development.Conclusions:Qualitative data from a large proportion of the Australian public health nutrition leadership group have identified core functions, competencies and workforce development priorities that can be a basis for further systematic research and workforce strategy development.
Why do some overweight children remain overweight, whereas others do not?
Authors: Wang Youfa , Ge Keyou , Popkin Barry M 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjective:To study the dynamics of childhood overweight and the influence of dietary intake on tracking of overweight.Design and setting:A follow-up study conducted in China.Subjects:Ninety-five overweight children, 6–13 years old, identified from 1455 children at baseline, were followed over a 2-year period.Methods:Data on anthropometry and 3-day dietary intake were collected at baseline and during follow-up. Overweight was defined using the International Obesity Task Force reference of body mass index (BMI)-for-age. Differences between groups were tested using analysis of variance and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests.Results:Of the 95 overweight children, 36.8% remained overweight 2 years later (‘tracking group’). Urban boys were the three times more likely than rural boys to remain overweight (63.2% vs. 21.9%). At baseline, the tracking group had higher BMI, body weight and fat intake (% of energy), and lower carbohydrate intake (% of energy), than the non-tracking group (who shifted from overweight to not overweight); they were more likely to have a high-fat or high-meat diet, but less likely to have a diet high in carbohydrate or vegetables and fruit. During the follow-up, the tracking group increased fat intake and reduced carbohydrate intake while the non-tracking group did not; and they also grew slower in height but faster in weight. Tracking of overweight seemed to be related to tracking of high-meat (relative risk (RR) 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–5.6,P< 0.05) and high-fat (RR 1.5, 95% CI 0.9–2.5,P< 0.1) diets.Conclusion:Considerable changes in children's overweight status during childhood and adolescence were observed in China, a transitional society. Dietary patterns, particularly dietary composition, seemed to influence the tracking patterns of overweight.
Dietary fat intake – food sources and dietary correlates in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort
Authors: Mattisson Irene , Wirfält Elisabet , Andrén Carin , Gullberg Bo , Berglund Göran 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjectives:To identify food sources of fat, to compare food and nutrient intakes at different levels of relative fat intake, and to examine the contribution of different food groups to the variation in relative fat intake. Relative fat intake was expressed as energy contributed by fat in percentage of non-alcohol energy.Design:Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. An interview-based diet history method, a structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were used to obtain data. Analysis of variance compared food and nutrient intakes across quintiles of relative fat intake. Stepwise regression examined the contribution of food groups to the variation in relative fat intake.Setting:Baseline examinations were conducted between 1991 and 1996 in the city of Malmö, southern Sweden.Subjects:A sub-sample of 7055 women and 3240 men of the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort.Results:The major fat sources were dairy products, margarines, meat & meat products, and cakes & buns. Most plant foods, especially fruit, vegetables and breakfast cereals, were negatively associated with fat intake. Low fat consumers had significantly higher intakes of dietary fibre, vitamin C, β-carotene, folic acid, iron, zinc and calcium. Intakes of all types of fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins were positively associated with fat consumption.Conclusions:The results suggest that many food groups and nutrients may confound the associations between relative fat intake and disease. Plant foods, especially, are important to consider in studies of fat intake and disease risk.
Social networks, travel and talk1
Authors: Urry John 
Published: October 2003

ABSTRACTThis paper considers the role that physical, corporeal travel plays in social life. There is a large and increasing scale of such travel. This increase has occurred simultaneously with the proliferation of communication devices that in some ways substitute for physical travel. I hypothesize that the bases of such travel are new ways in which social life is ‘networked’. Such increasingly extensive networks, hugely extended through the informational revolution, depend for their functioning upon intermittent occasioned meetings. These moments of physical co‐presence and face‐to‐face conversation, are crucial to patterns of social life that occur ‘at‐a‐distance’, whether for business, leisure, family life, politics, pleasure or friendship. So life is networked but it also involves specific co‐present encounters within specific times and places. ‘Meetingness’, and thus different forms and modes of travel, are central to much social life, a life involving strange combinations of increasing distance and intermittent co‐presence. The paper seeks to examine the place of travel within the emergent pattern of a ‘networked sociality’. It seeks to contribute to the emerging ‘mobility turn’ within the social sciences.
Social interaction distance and stratification
Authors: Bottero Wendy , Prandy Kenneth 
Published: October 2003

ABSTRACTThere have been calls from several sources recently for a renewal of class analysis that would encompass social and cultural, as well as economic elements. This paper explores a tradition in stratification that is founded on this idea: relational or social distance approaches to mapping hierarchy and inequality which theorize stratification as a social space. The idea of ‘social space’ is not treated as a metaphor of hierarchy nor is the nature of the structure determined a priori. Rather, the space is identified by mapping social interactions. Exploring the nature of social space involves mapping the network of social interaction — patterns of friendship, partnership and cultural similarity — which gives rise to relations of social closeness and distance. Differential association has long been seen as the basis of hierarchy, but the usual approach is first to define a structure composed of a set of groups and then to investigate social interaction between them. Social distance approaches reverse this, using patterns of interaction to determine the nature of the structure. Differential association can be seen as a way of defining proximity within a social space, from the distances between social groups, or between social groups and social objects (such as lifestyle items). The paper demonstrates how the very different starting point of social distance approaches also leads to strikingly different theoretical conclusions about the nature of stratification and inequality.
The reflexive self and culture: a critique
Authors: Adams Matthew 
Published: October 2003

ABSTRACTThis article attempts to engage with a tendency in the theorization of social change and self‐identity, evident in the work of a number of contemporary social theorists, to place an extended process of reflexivity at the heart of modern identity. As symptomatic of ‘neo‐modern’ accounts of selfhood, critical readings of Giddens, Beck, Castells and some aspects of social theory more generally, and their account of modern reflexivity's relationship to culture, are assessed. In light of these criticisms, ways in which culture might still play an important part in the shaping of identity are considered. The relationship between language, culture and reflexivity, drawing from philosophy, sociology and G. H. Mead's own brand of social psychology, are all utilized in establishing a critique of the role Giddens and others designate for culture in the constitution of the contemporary self. By potentially repositioning self‐identity in its connection to culture, the overall bearing of reflexivity upon the processes of self‐identity is thus questioned. It is argued that a culturally‐situated, yet fluid and multifarious account of self‐identity is a necessary analytical and normative alternative.
Gender and work orientations in conditions of job insecurity
Authors: Charles Nickie , James Emma 
Published: October 2003

ABSTRACTThis paper explores women's and men's work orientations in conditions of job insecurity, arguing that it is time to move beyond essentalist conceptions of work orientations and central life interests in order to understand the significance of paid work in people's lives. Data from a qualitative study are presented which show that the significance of paid work and the priority given to home and work are affected by experiences of job insecurity, changing domestic circumstances and stage in the life cycle and that this is the case for both women and men. Conversely, the significance of paid work can affect how job insecurity is experienced and its impact on individuals and their families. The assumption that men's work orientations are homogeneous and that work is their central life interest is not supported by the findings presented here and it is argued that the significance of work in men's and women's lives is more variable than has hitherto been recognized. To capture this variability it is time to move away from the acrimony of the debate over women's work orientations and notions of a central life interest which underpin it.
Segregation, ethnic labour market and the occupational expectations of Palestinian students in Israel
Authors: Khattab Nabil 
Published: October 2003

ABSTRACTUsing data from a large national representative survey of Palestinian high school students in Israel, this study examines the effect of the local labour market and the internal ethnic/religious segregation between Muslims, Christians and Druze, on students' occupational expectations. The data, which were collected in spring 1997, consisted of two types, these being data regarding students, and data regarding schools. The findings show that despite the disadvantages of the Palestinian minority as a whole within Israeli society, students tend to develop high occupational expectations. While the general level of their expectations can be explained by their educational and residential segregation from the Jewish majority, the multi‐level analyses suggests that the internal segregation facilitates differential access to socio‐economic resources, which generate different levels of occupational expectations between students from various ethnic/religious groups. More specifically, the findings demonstrate that the social and economic differences between Muslims, Christians and Druze are playing a central role in determining students' expectations, acting as a mechanism to preserve social inequality. The gender dimension of the occupational expectations and the influence of the segregation between Palestinian and Jewish students, are also discussed.
Desperately seeking fusion: on ‘joined‐up thinking’, ‘holistic practice’ and the new economy of welfare professional power
Authors: Allen Chris 
Published: October 2003

ABSTRACTThis paper argues that social welfare research on joined‐up thinking is underpinned bytwo theses. The ‘systemic move’ thesis suggests that joined‐up thinking is needed to fill gaps in welfare service provision arising from a lack of inter‐organizational coordination. The ‘epistemological move’ thesis advises that joined‐up thinking is needed to overcome deficiencies in the institutional division and distribution of welfare knowledge. Both theses macro‐systematize blame for previous social welfare failures, and both are teleological because they present joined‐up thinking as a progressive solution that results in a more effective (and thus less fallible) welfare system. In this paper, I argue that joined‐up thinking can also create a new economy of welfare professional power. First, I show how some versions of ‘joined‐up’ thinking manifest themselves in holistic practices that can ‘see everything’, ‘know everything’ and ‘do anything’, and thus a ‘holistic power’ to discipline and control every aspect of welfare recipients lives. Since holistic power is seen as infallible, its failure to produce ‘active bodies’ necessitates the creation of secondary ‘joined‐up powers’ that individualize blame and exclude those to blame from welfare resources. These ‘secondarypowers’ match the social disciplines enforced by one welfare agency (e.g.the responsibility to work enforced by the employment service) with legal rights under another agency (e.g.the right to housing from social landlords), so that breach of the former leads to exclusion from the latter. I conclude that this power strategy is primitive and punitive because it simply excludes welfare recipients. Exclusion is also uneconomic because it pushes welfare recipients into the shade of welfare institutional power.
A Safavid Poet in the Heart of Darkness: The Indian Poems of Ashraf Mazandarani
Authors: Dale Stephen Frederic 
Published: October 2003

Har kih az Īrān beh Hind āyad taṣavvur mīkunadĪn kih chūn kaukab bih shab dar Hind zar pāshīdeh ast.Whoever comes from Iran to India imagines,That in India gold is scattered like stars in the evening sky.Ashraf MazandaraniIn his Provocative Work The Continent of Circe, The Anglicized Bengali Writer Nirad Chaudhuri recasts the legend of Circe and Odysseus as a metaphor for India's relation to her “European” conquerors. In his version Aryan tribes who migrated into and/or invaded the Indian subcontinent in the second century B.C. were the first such conquerors to be ensnared by the allure of India's wealth. Once there they utterly forgot their Eurasian homelands, abandoned their vigorous steppe culture and degenerated into the colonized Hindus of whom Chaudhuri spoke with caustic contempt during the Indian nationalist movement in the twentieth century:They stood at the gate of the goddess with flowing tresses, and heard her, Circe, Sweetly singing before her loom, as she walked to and fro weaving an imperishable web, gorgeous and dazzling, such as only goddesses can make.
Drug consumption facilities: an update since 2000
Authors: KIMBER J. , DOLAN K. , VAN BEEK I. , HEDRICH D. , ZURHOLD H. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe topic of drug consumption facilities or rooms (DCRs) was reviewed by Dolan, Kimber and others in Harm Reduction Digest 10, published in the September 2000 issue of DAR. As one of the first English language papers on the topic this paper has been cited extensively. Now, 3 years on, these authors and have brought together an international team of experts to revisit the topic. In this update they: (i) highlight where DCRs are operating or under consideration, (ii) review briefly new literature and (iii) discuss future directions. This Digest is a ‘must read’ for policy makers, advocates and practitioners in the drug field.
Adolescent alcohol‐use trajectories in the transition from high school
Authors: TOUMBOUROU JOHN WINSTON , WILLIAMS IAN R. , SNOW PAM C. , WHITE VICTORIA M. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA cohort of 3300 students from high schools across Victoria, Australia, were surveyed regarding their patterns of alcohol consumption from mid–1993 to 1995. The first wave of data was collected halfway through the students' final year of school (year 12). Students were then resurveyed 3 months following school completion and on two subsequent occasions, each separated by 6–month intervals. Analysis of the four waves of data indicated that five longitudinal patterns (trajectories) characterized temporal trends in male and female alcohol use through the transition from high school. Stable non‐use trajectories were evident for 17% of males and 16% of females. Trajectories of less than weekly use characterized 45% of females and 46% of males, and showed little tendency to escalate toward harmful use. Among those using alcohol on a weekly or more frequent basis in high school, with few exceptions, use continued with at least the same frequency, but the quantity of alcohol consumed tended to escalate over time toward harmful levels. Overall, findings indicate that patterns of alcohol use tend to be stable over time, and more frequent alcohol use during the final year of high school tends to precede potentially harmful alcohol use following high school. Encouraging those high school students who consume alcohol once per week or more often to use alcohol on a less than weekly basis may be a valuable yet neglected harm minimization strategy.
Family risk factors for cannabis use: a population‐based survey of Australian secondary school students
Authors: OLSSON C. A. , COFFEY C. , TOUMBOUROU J. W. , BOND L. , THOMAS L. , PATTON G. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate relationships between adolescent cannabis use and indices of parent – child attachment, family functioning and parent attitudes to drugs and delinquency. A total of 2848 year 9 and 2363 year 11 students participated in the Victorian Adolescent Health and Well‐Being Survey (1999). The study was a school‐based random sample of 535 metropolitan and rural, government and non‐government secondary schools throughout Victoria, Australia. Cannabis use was defined as ‘any’ and ‘weekly’ use in the last 30 days. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent associations between cannabis use and parent –child attachment, family functioning and parent attitudes to drugs and delinquency. Cannabis use in year 9 was associated with permissive parent attitudes to drugs and delinquency (any use: adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 8.1; weekly use: adjusted OR = 7.6), and was particularly sensitive to small changes in the quality of the parent – child relationship with risk increasing threefold for those describing their attachment as ‘good’ compared with ‘very good’ (any use: adjusted OR = 2.8, weekly use adjusted OR = 2.9). A similar, but more moderate pattern association was evident in year 11. After adjusting for other family and background factors, poor family functioning showed minimal association with level of cannabis use at both year levels. Results suggest that intervention efforts might sensibly target strengthening parent – children relationships and promoting less permissive parent attitudes to drug use.
Association of benzodiazepine injection with the prescription of temazepam capsules
Authors: DOBBIN MALCOLM , MARTYRES RAYMOND F. , CLODE DANIELLE , DE CRESPIGNY FLEUR E. CHAMPION 
Published: October 2003

AbstractTemazepam capsules have become a popular choice for benzodiazepine injection by injecting drug users, and serious vascular and tissue damage leading to ulcers and gangrene can result. We compared the self‐reported benzodiazepine injecting behaviour of 91 heroin users with their Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule (PBS) records for the preceding 5 years. We found that individuals prescribed PBS temazepam capsules were more likely to report injecting benzodiazepines than individuals who had either not been prescribed PBS temazepam capsules or had been prescribed PBS temazepam tablets. These results provide empirical support for the argument to limit the prescription and supply of temazepam capsules in Australia.