bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid Interfaces for the Garnet Electrolytes
Authors: Feng Wuliang , Zhao Yufeng , Xia Yongyao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSolid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) have attracted extensive interests due to the advantages in developing secondary batteries with high energy density and outstanding safety. Possessing high ionic conductivity and the lowest reduction potential among the state‐of‐the‐art SSEs, the garnet type SSE is one of the most promising candidates to achieve high performance solid‐state lithium batteries (SSLBs). However, the elastic modulus of the garnet electrolyte leads to deteriorated interfacial contacts, and the increasing in electronic conduction at either anode/garnet interface or grain boundary results in Li dendrite growth. Here, recent developments of the solid interfaces for the garnet electrolytes, including the strategies of Li dendrite suppression and interfacial chemical/electrochemical/mechanical stabilizations are presented. A new viewpoint of the double edges of interfacial lithiophobicity is proposed, and the rational design of the interphases, as well as effective stacking methods of the garnet‐based SSLBs are summarized. Moreover, practical roles of the garnet electrolyte in SSLB industry are also discussed. This work delivers insights into the solid interfaces for the garnet electrolytes, which provides not only the promotion of the garnet‐based SSLBs, but also a comprehensive understanding of the interfacial stabilization for the whole SSE family.
Low‐Temperature Adaptive Single‐Atom Iron Nanozymes against Viruses in the Cold Chain
Authors: Qin Tao , Chen Yulian , Miao Xinyu , Shao Mengjuan , Xu Nuo , Mou Chunxiao , Chen Zhenhai , Yin Yuncong , Chen Sujuan , Yin Yinyan , Gao Lizeng , Peng Daxin , Liu Xiufan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOutbreaks of viral infectious diseases, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and influenza A virus (IAV), pose a great threat to human health. Viral spread is accelerated worldwide by the development of cold chain logistics; Therefore, an effective antiviral approach is required. In this study, it is aimed to develop a distinct antiviral strategy using nanozymes with low‐temperature adaptability, suitable for cold chain logistics. Phosphorus (P) atoms are added to the remote counter position of Fe‐N‐C center to prepare FeN4P2‐single‐atom nanozymes (SAzymes), exhibiting lipid oxidase (OXD)‐like activity at cold chain temperatures (−20, and 4 °C). This feature enables FeN4P2‐SAzymes to disrupt multiple enveloped viruses (human, swine, and avian coronaviruses, and H1‐H11 subtypes of IAV) by catalyzing lipid peroxidation of the viral lipid envelope. Under the simulated conditions of cold chain logistics, FeN4P2‐SAzymes are successfully applied as antiviral coatings on outer packaging and personal protective equipment; Therefore, FeN4P2‐SAzymes with low‐temperature adaptability and broad‐spectrum antiviral properties may serve as key materials for developing specific antiviral approaches to interrupt viral transmission through the cold chain.
Graphene Electrode for Studying CO2 Electroreduction Nanocatalysts under Realistic Conditions in Microcells
Authors: Toleukhanova Saltanat , Shen Tzu‐Hsien , Chang Chen , Swathilakshmi Swathilakshmi , Bottinelli Montandon Tecla , Tileli Vasiliki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe ability to resolve the dynamic evolution of electrocatalytically induced processes with electrochemical liquid‐phase electron microscopy (EM) is limited by the microcell configuration. Herein, a free‐standing tri‐layer graphene is integrated as a membrane and electrode material into the electrochemical chip and its suitability as a substrate electrode at the high cathodic potentials required for CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER) is evaluated. The three‐layer stacked graphene is transferred onto an in‐house fabricated single‐working electrode chip for use with bulk‐like reference and counter electrodes to facilitate evaluation of its effectiveness. Electrochemical measurements show that the graphene working electrode exhibits a wider inert cathodic potential range than the conventional glassy carbon electrode while achieving good charge transfer properties for nanocatalytic redox reactions. Operando scanning electron microscopy studies clearly demonstrate the improvement in spatial resolution but reveal a synergistic effect of the electron beam and the applied potential that limits the stability time window of the graphene‐based electrochemical chip. By optimizing the operating conditions, in situ monitoring of Cu nanocube degradation is achieved at the CO2ER potential of −1.1 V versus RHE. Thus, this improved microcell configuration allows EM observation of catalytic processes at potentials relevant to real systems.
Why the Synthesis Affects Performance of Layered Transition Metal Oxide Cathode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Hang , Wang Li , Song Youzhi , Zhang Zhiguo , Du Aimin , Tang Yaping , Wang Jianlong , He Xiangming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe limited cyclability of high‐specific‐energy layered transition metal oxide (LiTMO2) cathode materials poses a significant challenge to the industrialization of batteries incorporating these materials. This limitation can be attributed to various factors, with the intrinsic behavior of the crystal structure during the cycle process being a key contributor. These factors include phase transition induced cracks, reduced Li active sites due to Li/Ni mixing, and slower Li+ migration. In addition, the presence of synthesis‐induced heterogeneous phases and lattice defects cannot be disregarded as they also contribute to the degradation in performance. Therefore, gaining a profound understanding of the intricate relationship among material synthesis, structure, and performance is imperative for the development of LiTMO2. This paper highlights the pivotal role of structural play in LiTMO2 materials and provides a comprehensive overview of how various control factors influence the specific pathways of structural evolution during the synthesis process. In addition, it summarizes the scientific challenges associated with diverse modification approaches currently employed to address the cyclic failure of materials. The overarching goal is to provide readers with profound insights into the study of LiTMO2.
Annealing Temperature Effect on the Physical Properties of NiO Thin Films Grown by DC Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Timoshnev Sergei , Kazakin Alexey , Shubina Ksenia , Andreeva Valentina , Fedorenko Elizaveta , Koroleva Aleksandra , Zhizhin Evgeniy , Koval Olga , Kurinnaya Alina , Shalin Alexander , Bobrovs Vjaceslavs , Enns Yakov 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNickel oxide is a promising material for transparent electronics applications. This semiconductor demonstrates the possibility of modifying its physical properties depending on the method of growth and subsequent processing. Here the effects of the discharge power are reported during reactive dc magnetron sputtering, as well as the modes of subsequent annealing of NiO films, on their structural, electrical, and optical properties. NiO films are annealed at various temperatures both in an oxygen‐containing environment and under vacuum conditions. Deposited NiO films have a polycrystalline structure with a preferred orientation (200) for the low discharge power mode and (111) for the high discharge power mode. However, obtained NiO films exhibit crystallinity improvement after annealing. The presence of both Ni2+ and Ni3+ oxidation states in the deposited films is found. In addition, it is shown that the relative carrier concentration (Ni3+/Ni2+ peak area ratio) can be controlled by choosing the NiO film preparation mode. The trend in this ratio corresponds to the trend in film conductivity and the number of free‐charge carriers. The deposited films are semitransparent, and the estimated optical bandgap of NiO is in the range from 3.50 to 3.74 eV.
Freeze Drying of Organically Modified Layered Silicates as Key Step to Improve the Barrier Properties of Organic Coatings for High Power Electronics Protection
Authors: Lommes Joshua , Hanf Michael , Patzelt Gesa , Deissenberger Andrea , Stenzel Volkmar , Hartwig Andreas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOrganically modified layered silicates can be used as barrier pigments in organic coating systems to reduce the permeation of water vapor and gases, e.g., oxygen as well as harmful gases that promote corrosion. Unmodified layered silicates are not sufficient to reduce the permeation significantly. However, the arrangement and orientation of the particles have an enormous impact on the later performance in the barrier film. In organic solvents or non‐aqueous polymer matrices the non‐modified layered silicates cannot exfoliate adequately. The organic modification influences the layer spacing and the compatibility to organic solvents. Layered silicates are modified with dodecylamine to enhance the spacing layer. The spacing layer is enhanced by 55% caused by the organic modification as it is commonly known. In contrast to previous work freeze drying of the organically modified layered silicates improved the particle distribution and by this barrier properties significantly. The modified particles reduce the diffusion of water and oxygen by ≈99.6% and 97.2%, respectively. The corrosive gas test of electronic circuit boards shows no growth of dendrites and no failure of the electronics in contrast to protective coating without the layered silicates.
Polydopamine‐Mediated, Amphiphilic Poly(Carboxybetaine Methacrylamide‐r‐Trifluoroethyl Methacrylate) Coating with Resistance to Marine Diatom Adhesion and Silt Adsorption
Authors: Jeong Jinhyeok , Do Jihwan , Kang Sung Min 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMarine biofouling–the adhesion of marine organisms onto a ship hull–causes increased fuel consumption, leading to massive carbon dioxide emissions. Many attempts are made to address this issue, and antifouling polymer coatings are extensively investigated owing to their environmental friendliness. Zwitterionic polymers, polysaccharides, and polyethylene glycol are frequently used as surface coatings, demonstrating excellent marine antifouling performance. However, these hydrophilic polymer coatings have a major drawback: when exposed to sediment, various minerals are easily adsorbed by the coatings, causing them to lose their inherent antifouling properties. Amphiphilic polymer coatings have therefore been proposed as alternatives to hydrophilic polymer coatings. In this study, the synthesis of amphiphilic copolymers composed of carboxybetaine methacrylamide and trifluoroethyl methacrylate and the immobilization of these copolymers onto solid surfaces are reported. This method utilizes material‐independent surface‐coating properties and the metal complex‐forming ability of polydopamine to immobilize amphiphilic copolymers onto solid surfaces. The resulting surfaces exhibit good antifouling performance against both diatom adhesion and silt adsorption. As this is a facile and substrate‐independent method for immobilizing polymers, an expectation exists for it to be an effective platform for the coating of new marine antifouling polymers.
Novel Double Light‐Color (Blue and Red) Phosphor Sr9Ca(Li, Na, K)(PO4)7:Eu2+ Excited By NUV Light for Outdoor Plant Cultivation
Authors: Yang Lina , Liu Bin , Wang Yuhua , Seto Takatoshi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThrough the conventional high‐temperature state reaction, a series of Sr9Ca(Li, Na, K)(PO4)7:Eu2+ phosphors are successfully synthesized. The luminescence of these phosphors can be bifurcated into two distinct regions: blue and red. Upon calculation of their Stokes shifts and comparison of their magnitudes, it is inferred that the blue and red emissions are triggered by the integration of Eu2+ into the Ca2+ and Sr2+ sites, respectively. The disorder of Sr9Ca1.5(PO4)7 phosphors in which Ca2+ is substituted by Li+, Na+, and K+ ions is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Among the synthesized phosphors, Sr9CaNa(PO4)7:0.03Eu2+ demonstrates an emission that aligns with the spectral range required for plant growth, suggesting its potential application in plant cultivation. An exploration is carried out to assess the impact of a light‐conversion film, which is fabricated by embedding the phosphor within the PDMS matrix. The study focuses on Chlorella, a unicellular algal species, to determine the enhancement in growth rates attributable to the light‐conversion properties of the film. Chlorella cultures subject to placement of a film containing 5% phosphor exhibited a 9.21% improvement in growth over those placed on a whiteboard, and a 27.69% increase relative to the control group. These results suggest that the light‐conversion film substantially benefits the proliferation of Chlorella.
Selectivity and Growth Rate Modulations for Ruthenium Area‐selective Deposition by Co‐Reagent and Nanopattern Design
Authors: Mandal Akhilesh Kumar , van der Veen Marleen H. , Rahnemai Haghighi Negin , Robson Max , Claessens Niels , Meersschaut Johan , Jourdan Nicolas , Tokei Zsolt , Delabie Annelies 
Published: January 2024

AbstractArea‐selective deposition (ASD) is a bottom‐up technique that provides numerous opportunities for nanoelectronic device fabrication. For example, advanced nano‐interconnect structures with barrierless metals like Ru in the contact holes can be created by Ru ASD with the bottom metals as growth surfaces and dielectrics as non‐growth surfaces. This work investigates Ru ASD by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on industrially relevant substrates and nanopatterns and reveals how selectivity and growth rate are modulated by the CVD conditions and type of nanopattern. For low‐k dielectric/Cu substrate combinations, the selectivity reverses from metal‐on‐metal to metal‐on‐dielectric upon only changing the CVD co‐reagent from H2 to NH3. In contrast, NH3 is the preferred co‐reagent for SiO2‐TiN line patterns with critical dimension (CD) of 40 nm due to the more favorable adsorption and diffusion kinetics that cause growth rate and selectivity enhancement. Consistent with a diffusion‐mediated mechanism, the growth rate enhances even more for Ru CVD on nanoscale contact holes with CD of 10.5 nm, becoming 2.4 times higher as compared to unpatterned substrates. Thus, the ASD process changes drastically when pattern dimensions reach the nanoscale. The reported insights facilitate rational design of metal ASD processes for multiple applications in nanofabrication.
Engineered Immobilised Organocatalysts for the Synthesis of Chiral Amines
Authors: Maciá María , Muñoz Iván , Porcar Raúl , Cirujano Francisco G. , Altava Belen , Luis Santiago V. , García‐Verdugo Eduardo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe art of tuning functional polymeric materials through the covalent incorporation of organocatalysts lies at the core of creating asymmetric immobilized chiral catalysts that mimic the enzymatic action. Herein, we explore diverse synthetic techniques to immobilize l‐proline‐derived N‐carbonyl amides on functional polymeric matrices, transforming them into chiral Lewis bases for facilitating the asymmetric reduction of ketimines with HSiCl3. A comprehensive examination of the design factors, encompassing linker selection, anions, and polymeric support characteristics, enables precise adjustment of steric and electronic features in these immobilized catalysts. This approach establishes structure‐performance relationships, ultimately enabling the development of an engineered immobilized organocatalytic system that meets the desired criteria for activity, stability, and selectivity.
Continuous‐Flow Asymmetric Hydrogenation for the Synthesis of an (S)‐Metolachlor Intermediate Using Catalysts Immobilized on a Core/Shell‐Type Support
Authors: Kuremoto Tatsuya , Yasukawa Tomohiro , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHere we show continuous‐flow synthesis of a key inter‐mediate of (S)‐Metolachlor, which is a widely used agrochemical that is in huge demand, with asymmetric hydrogenation using a heterogeneous catalyst immobilized on a core/shell‐type support. We have immobilized a homogeneous catalyst onto a core/shell‐type heterogeneous support that was developed in our laboratory, which showed high turnover frequency and turnover number over a long period (over 120 h) when used in a solvent‐free continuous‐flow manner. This result demonstrates the feasibility of continuous‐flow production of chiral agrochemicals with packed‐bed heterogeneous catalysts. Moreover, the heterogenization protocol was shown to be applicable to elaborate practical catalysts used in industry, especially the group of phosphine ligands.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Indole‐Derivated Axially Chiral Frameworks via CpXRh(III)‐Catalyzed Domino Cyclization/C3‐Arylation of 2‐Alkynylanilines with 1‐Diazonaphthoquinones
Authors: Ye Junwei , Song Qingwei , Pan Dongping , Zeng Zhongyi , Gao Hui , Xu Huiying , Yi Wei , Zhou Zhi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe report herein a chiral CpXRh(III)‐catalyzed domino cyclization/C3‐arylation process using 2‐alkynylanilines and 1‐diazonaphthoquinones as viable substrates, delivering indole‐based derivatives endowed with axial chirality. The method features high enantioselectivity, broad substrate scope, and robust functional group tolerance. Subsequent functionalization of the synthesized scaffolds underlines the practicality of this approach in the design of indole‐derivated axially chiral frameworks, demonstrating its substantial promise in synthetic and medicinal chemistry applications.
Base/DMSO‐Promoted Synthesis of Benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines via C−C Bond Formation
Authors: Lee Seong Weon , Dao Pham Duy Quang , Lim Ho‐Jin , Cho Chan Sik 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, a synthetic method to access benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines is developed by the reaction of 2‐(2‐bromoaryl)benzimidazoles with 1,3‐diketones under basic conditions. A reaction pathway involving the initial formation of a C−C coupled intermediate by nucleophilic aromatic substitution and subsequent deacylative cyclocondensation is proposed for this process.
Enantioselective Flow Synthesis of a Tetrahydroquinoline SERM Enabled by Immobilized Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysis and Diboronic Acid Mediated Selective Nitro Reduction
Authors: Nagy Bence S. , Maestro Aitor , Chaudhari Moreshwar B. , Kappe C. Oliver , Ötvös Sándor B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn asymmetric enantioselective flow process is reported for the formal synthesis of a 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline selective estrogen receptor modulator. Starting from an easily available 2‐nitrochalcone, the first part of the process comprised a telescoped nitro reduction/intramolecular cyclocondensation sequence using diboronic acid as a simple reductant. Subsequent enantioselective transfer hydrogenation in the presence of an immobilized phosphoric acid organocatalyst followed by telescoped N‐alkylation furnished the targeted chiral intermediate. The approach ensures flexibility regarding the scale of the synthesis, whilst minimizing the need for intermediate purifications and ensuring environmentally benign metal‐free conditions.
Performance Analysis and Restrictor Structure Improvement of an Internal Feedback Hydrostatic Turntable Oil Pad Considering Internal Flow
Authors: Yang Congbin , Shao Shuaihua , Li Ying , Liu Zhifeng , Zhao Yongsheng , Ma Honglie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper provides a comprehensive exploration of the operational mechanism of an internal feedback hydrostatic turntable. It employs a self‐compensating gap restrictor mechanism, resulting in heightened load capacity and stiffness. In this paper, the concept of internal flow is innovatively introduced. Subsequently, the Reynolds equation is solved using the finite difference method. This methodology offers a more precise and efficient assessment of the load‐bearing performance of the oil pad within the turntable. Then this paper further investigates the influence of the internal flow coefficient and pressure ratio on oil pad performance, encompassing aspects like load capacity, stiffness, and flow rate. Ultimately, optimal parameters are selected to improve the structure of the gap restrictor, considering various operational scenarios. In conclusion, the method adopted in this study not only improves the calculation accuracy and efficiency but also improves the structure and performance of the oil pad.
High‐Throughput Exploration of Phase Evolution in (Pb1−XBaX)ZrO3 Thin Films
Authors: Su Peipei , Ren Chuanlai , Zeng Lingping , An Feng , Li Minghuan , Chen Qianxin , Zhang Yuan , Tan Yangchun , Wang Jinbin , Zhong Xiangli , Huang Mingqiang , Zhong Gaokuo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAntiferroelectric thin films hold significant potential for bringing novel physics phenomena and fascinating properties. Their applications are often intertwined with the antiferroelectric‐ferroelectric phase transition, which is contingent on the chemical compositions of the constituent material. Nevertheless, the prevailing trial‐and‐error‐based research methodology is ill‐suited for the exploration of the relationship between chemical compositions and the antiferroelectric‐ferroelectric phase transition. To address this challenge, a high‐throughput synthesis strategy for antiferroelectric thin films is presented, which is enabled by an advanced high‐throughput pulsed laser deposition technology. The effectiveness of this synthesis strategy using (Pb1−XBaX)ZrO3 and achieving precise control over the parameter X is showcased. This approach allows for the deposition of (Pb1−XBaX)ZrO3 thin films encompassing nine chemical compositions ranging from X = 0 to X = 0.08. Based on this high‐throughput method, the composition that corresponds to the phase transition of (Pb1−XBaX)ZrO3, falling within the range of X = 0.04 to X = 0.06 is pinpointed. Furthermore, a temperature‐dependent correlation between the phase transition and chemical composition is established. This work not only presents a practical routine for establishing a comprehensive map of material chemical composition in relation to the properties of antiferroelectric thin films but also offers a method for the high‐throughput exploration of complex oxide thin films.
A Wearable Bracelet for Simultaneous Monitoring of Transcutaneous Carbon Dioxide and Pulse Rates
Authors: Cui Yaoxuan , Cao Qingpeng , Zheng Xubin , Dong Hao , Wang Jin , Xu Feng , Qian Libin , Wang Di 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDaily monitoring of psychological parameters, encompassing chemical and physical signals, has become increasingly valuable for the management of chronic diseases. Among various vital signs, carbon dioxide exchange and pulse rate (PR) serve as critical indicators for the comprehensive assessment of the cardiopulmonary system. However, simultaneous monitoring of these chemical and physical signals in a nonintrusive manner is challenging. This study presents a wearable bracelet that enables simultaneous monitoring of transcutaneous carbon dioxide (TcCO2) and PR using a nanomaterials‐modified lensless CMOS imager. The proposed bracelet exhibits exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, and anti‐humidity interference in TcCO2 detection, and achieves reliable tracking of TcCO2 and PR fluctuations induced by daily activities, demonstrating great potential in the comprehensive assessment of cardiopulmonary system. In addition, the proposed compact imaging approach is multiplexed and extensible, providing a promising sensing platform for the future development of multifunctional wearable devices.