bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preface
Authors: Chen Youmin 
Published: October 2023

Since its inception in 2018, IWEG conferences (International Workshop on Environment and Geoscience) were successfully held for last six years, Hangzhou (2018, 2019, 2021), online (2020, 2022, 2023) attracted delegates from a lot of countries and regions including China, Australia, Poland, Slovenia, Japan and so on. As an annual international conference, IWEG aims at being a fast and efficient platform for researchers and scholars worldwide to discuss recent developments in the area of Environment and Geoscience.
There were about 40 experts and scholars attending the conference. Three sessions were included: keynote speeches, oral presentations and poster presentations, covering a wide range of Environment and Geoscience. There were 3 keynote speakers, 3 oral presenters and 6 poster presenter sharing their latest research results and ideas with the audience.
This conference proceeding included 11 accepted articles selected from 53 submissions, all the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of international publication standard. We would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers of these manuscripts, who provided constructive criticism and stimulated comments and suggestions to the authors. We are extremely grateful as organizers, technical program committee and editors and extend our most sincere thanks to all the authors for their excellent contribution and work. Our sincere gratitude also goes to the IOP Publishing editors and managers for their helpful cooperation during the preparation of the proceeding.
On behalf of the Organizing Committees of IWEG2023.
List of Technical Program Committee are available in this pdf.
Chemical composition and formation conditions of thermal spring “Teply Klyuch”, Primorskiy krai (Russia)
Authors: Pavlov A.A. , Bragin I.V. , Chelnokov G.A. , Chelnokova B.I. , Kharitonova N.A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The paper presents the results of half-century geochemical parameters monitoring of thermal spring, called Teply Klyuch, occurring outside volcanic activity territory of the Russian Far East. The case of unique tectonic and geological conditions leading to formation of such deposits is being discussed as well. The waters of the deposit are characterized as warm, ultra-fresh, alkaline, and siliceous. It is controlled by the active part of the fault, which runs along the bed of the Amgu River and its watercourses, in the zone of intersection by a shallower fault. Formation of thermal waters probably took place in open fractures of deep faults, where atmospheric waters by downward flow penetrated to a depth of about 1.0–1.5 km and under the influence of heat of locally heated in the fault zone rocks acquired the temperature of +30 +40°C. The movement of heated water to the surface is caused by the thermolift. Discharge area goes along the opened cracks in the weakened zones located in the river valleys. In practical terms, the waters of the investigated deposit are applicable for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, externally, in the form of baths for diseases of the musculoskeletal system, skin diseases, consequences of burns.
Move up or move over: mapping opportunities for climate adaptation in Pakistan’s Indus plains
Authors: Schmitt Rafael J P , Virgüez Edgar , Ashfaq Sara , Caldeira Ken 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The 2022 Indus floods in Pakistan underscore the urgency of adapting to more frequent and severe natural disasters in a warming world. Post-disaster reconstruction offers a chance to built-in adaptation measures, but identifying feasible and cost-effective adaptation options is challenging, especially in data-scarce regions. Here we employ a high-resolution rapid assessment of flood stages combined with demographic data to identify adaptation opportunities and costs for the Indus floodplains. Under a plausible set of assumptions, we find that rebuilding houses in a flood-proof, elevated manner (‘moving up’) or (temporary) relocation (‘moving over’) could have protected 13%, respectively 16% of people affected during the 2022 floods, while the remaining 70% of people were exposed to shallow water levels that could have been addressed with low-cost adaptation. Implementing these measures during ongoing reconstruction could be an effective adaptation to future floods but will come with substantial costs. Rebuilding in a flood-proofed manner (‘moving up’) alone would already increase costs by 26%–63% ($1.5bn–$3.6bn) compared to estimated reconstruction costs without adaptation ($5.8bn). Additional costs would be incurred by relocation and adaptation of other infrastructure. The absence of local flood stage and socio-economic data creates uncertainty and points to future research avenues. Yet, our prototype approach demonstrates the value of rapid assessments for guiding post-disaster adaptation of livelihoods to future floods.
Farmer–herder conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa: drivers, impacts, and resolution and peacebuilding strategies
Authors: Adams Ellis Adjei , Thill Audrey , Kuusaana Elias Danyi , Mittag Anna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Resource scarcity and insecurity due to climate change, coupled with ethnic, religious, and identity politics, have strained peaceful coexistence between farmers and herders in West and Central Africa over the last few decades. Violent farmer–herder clashes now pose a significant threat to security and stability in the Sahelian and savannah dryland regions. Despite the large and increasing literature on these conflicts in recent decades, no comprehensive reviews or syntheses of knowledge on these conflicts have been published. We review empirical studies on farmer–herder conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa published from 2000 to 2021, focusing holistically on drivers, impacts, and the opportunities and limits of the main resolution and peacebuilding strategies different actors use to manage the conflicts. Most of the studies focused on Nigeria, Ghana, Tanzania, and Mali and mainly covered conflict dynamics, political ecology, agriculture, climate change, conflict management, governance, land tenure, and peacebuilding. The majority were cross-sectional and relied on qualitative data and mixed methods. The reviewed literature shows that main drivers of farmer–herder conflicts are climate-induced environmental factors, land tenure insecurity, resource competition and intergroup conflicts and prejudices. Conflict control and prevention strategies fell along a spectrum of aggressive, through passive, to constructive tactics. The main conflict management strategies used included third-party intervention (mediation and arbitration), litigation, and direct negotiations for damage compensation. Key actors involved in peacebuilding efforts included farmers and herders themselves, community leaders, community-based organizations, police and courts, and informal community groups. Our findings and discussion advance broader understanding of farmer–herder conflicts, establish the opportunities and limits of various resolution approaches, and highlight gaps and directions for relevant future research.
Quantum uncertainty as an intrinsic clock
Authors: Livine Etera R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In quantum mechanics, a classical particle is raised to a wave-function, thereby acquiring many more degrees of freedom. For instance, in the semi-classical regime, while the position and momentum expectation values follow the classical trajectory, the uncertainty of a wave-packet can evolve and beat independently. We use this insight to revisit the dynamics of a 1d particle in a time-dependent harmonic well. One can solve it by considering time reparameterizations and the Virasoro group action to map the system to the harmonic oscillator with constant frequency. We prove that identifying such a simplifying time variable is naturally solved by quantizing the system and looking at the evolution of the width of a Gaussian wave-packet. We further show that the Ermakov-Lewis invariant for the classical evolution in a time-dependent harmonic potential is actually the quantum uncertainty of a Gaussian wave-packet. This naturally extends the classical Ermakov-Lewis invariant to a constant of motion for quantum systems following Schrödinger equation. We conclude with a discussion of potential applications to quantum gravity and quantum cosmology.
Equality and democratic authority
Authors: Vraciu Cosmin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Does the democratic provenance of the law ground a pro tanto duty to obey the law? According to the social-egalitarian argument, it does, because individuals have a pro tanto duty to uphold relations of social equality, and because, by obeying a democratically made law, they uphold relations of social equality. In this paper, I argue, however, that even if we grant the premisses of the argument, the conclusion still does not follow.
Understanding complex mirror-image flowers – a commentary on: ‘The enantiostylous floral polymorphism of Barberetta aurea (Haemodoraceae) facilitates wing pollination by syrphid flies’
Authors: Huang Shuang-Quan 
Published: October 2023

This article comments on:
Steven D. Johnson, Jeremy J. Midgley and Nicola Illing. The enantiostylous floral polymorphism of Barberetta aurea (Haemodoraceae) facilitates wing pollination by syrphid flies, Annals of Botany, Volume 132, Issue 6, 3 November 2023, Pages 1107–1118, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcad118
Gluteoplasty With Lumbar Gluteal Flap Associated With Liposuction and Fat Grafting: A Safe Technique for Massive Weight Loss Patients
Authors: Alves Helio Ricardo Nogueira , Nicolas Gregory 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Weight loss leads to excessive flaccidity, volume loss, and tissue descent in the gluteal region. Translated autologous flaps during lower body lifting have been utilized in patients; they address sagging tissue and the lack of volume. However, sometimes use of these autologous flaps does not provide adequate gluteal projection, and a second procedure with fat injection may be required.

Objectives
The authors describe their technique of a lower body lift with a lumbosacral flap in association with liposuction and lipofilling for gluteoplasty.

Methods
A prospective series of 23 post–bariatric surgery individuals who underwent a lower body lift with lumbosacral flap gluteal augmentation, liposuction, and lipofilling between January 2021 and September 2022 were described. The satisfaction rate and complications were assessed 6 months postoperatively with a validated questionnaire (BODY-Q scale).

Results
The patients had a mean age of 38.18 (range, 28-56 years) and median body mass index of 26. Four patients with dehiscence were diagnosed and treated conservatively. All wound breakdowns were observed in the paramedian plane of the torsoplasty. No reoperations were performed. The mean satisfaction percentage of the BODY-Q scale transformed score was 97.5.

Conclusions
A technique for a lower body lift with buttock augmentation combined with liposuction and fat grafting was presented. In future studies other techniques to maximize gluteal contouring should be investigated.
The genetic diversity and population structure of Macridiscus multifarius along the coast of China using IIB-RAD sequencing
Authors: Li Zhong , Ye Yingying , Li Jiji , Guo Baoying 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The clam Macridiscus multifarius is ecologically and economically important in the coastal regions of China. In this study, the IIB-RAD method was used to investigate the population diversity and structure of M. multifarius along the coast of China. Genomic DNA was extracted, sequenced, and subjected, resulting in 110.88 Gb of clean reads. Analysis showed that the M. multifarius populations along the coast of China exhibited a moderate to high level of genetic diversity (mean: HO = 0.272, HE = 0.365, π = 0.390, and FIS = 0.268). Further analysis of high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms was used to generate a maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree, principal component analysis, and FST values. The results revealed that there is no notable genetic differentiation among the nine M. multifarius populations south of the Yangtze River estuary. However, the Yancheng population shows clear genetic differentiation compared with the other nine populations, possibly linked to the barrier effect of the Yangtze dilution water and ocean current system. We believe that these results provide genetic insights for fisheries management to plan fisheries policies for M. multifarius and conserve natural resources.
Revisiting a cryptic species complex: interspecific gene flow among woodland salamanders in the Blue Ridge Mountains of northern Georgia, USA
Authors: Pierson Todd W , Camp Carlos D , Cross Jadin , Wooten Jessica A , Jensen John B , Elliott Matt J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The complex topography of mountainous landscapes can create biogeographical barriers and promote allopatric speciation—even among morphologically cryptic species. However, these biogeographical barriers may not be permanent, and secondary contact between previously independently evolving populations can result in hybridization and introgression. In this study, we used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data to re-examine a classic example of cryptic species in the Appalachian Mountains: the slimy salamander (Plethodon glutinosus) species complex. This group of morphologically similar terrestrial salamanders includes 14 species with parapatric distributions across the eastern USA. We focused on the Chattahoochee slimy salamander (P. chattahoochee) in northern Georgia and used a series of complementary phylogenomic and population genomic analyses to evaluate spatial genetic structure within this species and admixture with at least four other species of parapatric woodland salamanders. Our results highlight the utility of genomic data in clarifying species boundaries and underline the difficulty of species delimitation in organisms with complex evolutionary histories.
Role of the NLRP1 inflammasome in skin cancer and inflammatory skin diseases
Authors: Calabrese Laura , Fiocco Zeno , Mellett Mark , Aoki Rui , Rubegni Pietro , French Lars E , Satoh Takashi K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytoplasmic protein complexes that play a crucial role in protecting the host against pathogenic and sterile stressors by initiating inflammation. Upon activation, these complexes directly regulate the proteolytic processing and activation of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 to induce a potent inflammatory response, and induce a programmed form of cell death called pyroptosis to expose intracellular pathogens to the surveillance of the immune system, thus perpetuating inflammation. There are various types of inflammasome complexes, with the NLRP1 (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-1) inflammasome being the first one identified and currently recognized as the predominant inflammasome sensor protein in human keratinocytes. Human NLRP1 exhibits a unique domain structure, containing both an N-terminal pyrin (PYD) domain and an effector C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD). It can be activated by diverse stimuli, such as viruses, ultraviolet B radiation and ribotoxic stress responses. Specific mutations in NLRP1 or related genes have been associated with rare monogenic skin disorders, such as multiple self-healing palmoplantar carcinoma; familial keratosis lichenoides chronica; autoinflammation with arthritis and dyskeratosis; and dipeptidyl peptidase 9 deficiency. Recent research breakthroughs have also highlighted the involvement of dysfunctions in the NLRP1 pathway in a handful of seemingly unrelated dermatological conditions. These range from monogenic autoinflammatory diseases to polygenic autoimmune diseases such as vitiligo, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and skin cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and Kaposi sarcoma. Additionally, emerging evidence implicates NLRP1 in systemic lupus erythematosus, pemphigus vulgaris, Addison disease, Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome and leprosy. The aim of this review is to shed light on the implications of pathological dysregulation of the NLRP1 inflammasome in skin diseases and investigate the potential rationale for targeting this pathway as a future therapeutic approach.
Efficacy and Safety of Corticosteroid Therapy for Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression of Randomized, Controlled Trials
Authors: Bergmann Felix , Pracher Lena , Sawodny Rebecca , Blaschke Amelie , Gelbenegger Georg , Radtke Christine , Zeitlinger Markus , Jorda Anselm 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In the present study, we aimed to assess the effect of corticosteroids on all-cause mortality in patients hospitalized with CAP.

Methods
For this meta-analysis and meta-regression, we conducted a systematic search of trials that evaluated the effect of corticosteroid therapy in patients hospitalized with CAP through March 2023. We included randomized, controlled trials, comparing adjunctive corticosteroid therapy with the standard of care alone for treatment of patients hospitalized with CAP and reporting all-cause mortality. We excluded retrospective analyses, observational data, and trial protocols. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 30 days after hospital admission. The safety analysis included the frequency of adverse events and steroid-associated adverse events.

Results
The literature search identified 35 713 citations, of which 15 studies and 3367 patients were eligible for the final analysis. The all-cause mortality at 30 days was significantly lower in the corticosteroid group (104 of 1690, 6.15%) than in the control group (152 of 1677, 9.06%; risk ratio [RR], 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], .53 to .85; P = .001; I2 = 0%). In 9 studies (2549 patients) that reported the occurrence of adverse events, corticosteroid therapy was not associated with an increased risk of developing any adverse event compared with standard care (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, .65 to 1.24; P = .5; I2 = 88%).

Conclusions
Adjunctive systemic corticosteroid therapy in patients hospitalized with CAP was associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality by day 30. The benefits were more pronounced in patients with severe pneumonia.
A Systematic Review of Predictor Composition, Outcomes, Risk of Bias, and Validation of COVID-19 Prognostic Scores
Authors: Appel Katharina S , Geisler Ramsia , Maier Daniel , Miljukov Olga , Hopff Sina M , Vehreschild J Janne 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Numerous prognostic scores have been published to support risk stratification for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
We performed a systematic review to identify the scores for confirmed or clinically assumed COVID-19 cases. An in-depth assessment and risk of bias (ROB) analysis (Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool [PROBAST]) was conducted for scores fulfilling predefined criteria ([I] area under the curve [AUC)] ≥ 0.75; [II] a separate validation cohort present; [III] training data from a multicenter setting [≥2 centers]; [IV] point-scale scoring system).

Results
Out of 1522 studies extracted from MEDLINE/Web of Science (20/02/2023), we identified 242 scores for COVID-19 outcome prognosis (mortality 109, severity 116, hospitalization 14, long-term sequelae 3). Most scores were developed using retrospective (75.2%) or single-center (57.1%) cohorts. Predictor analysis revealed the primary use of laboratory data and sociodemographic information in mortality and severity scores. Forty-nine scores were included in the in-depth analysis. The results indicated heterogeneous quality and predictor selection, with only five scores featuring low ROB. Among those, based on the number and heterogeneity of validation studies, only the 4C Mortality Score can be recommended for clinical application so far.

Conclusions
The application and translation of most existing COVID scores appear unreliable. Guided development and predictor selection would have improved the generalizability of the scores and may enhance pandemic preparedness in the future.
The way forward from Guild Socialism: a comment on Hodgson
Authors: Ferrero Mario 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This note starts from Hodgson’s (2023) thorough review and critique of Guild Socialism and argues that his proposed way forward—a decentralised producer cooperative sector embedded in a competitive market economy—is likely to be a political impossibility. A political economy model of a system of labour-managed firms is outlined which shows that laissez-faire on investment decisions is likely to be outvoted by a capital tax/subsidy scheme that redistributes income from rich coops to poor coops.
Matrix metalloproteinases in intestinal fibrosis
Authors: Biel Carin , Faber Klaas Nico , Bank Ruud A , Olinga Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntestinal fibrosis is a common complication in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], in particular Crohn’s disease [CD]. Unfortunately, at present intestinal fibrosis is not yet preventable, and cannot be treated by interventions other than surgical removal. Intestinal fibrosis is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix [ECM], which is caused by activated fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Accumulation of ECM results from an imbalanced production and degradation of ECM. ECM degradation is mainly performed by matrix metalloproteinases [MMPs], enzymes that are counteracted by tissue inhibitors of MMPs [TIMPs]. In IBD patients, MMP activity [together with other protease activities] is increased. At the same time, CD patients have a generally lower MMP activity compared to ulcerative colitis patients, who usually do not develop intestinal strictures or fibrosis. The exact regulation and role[s] of these MMPs in fibrosis are far from understood. Here, we review the current literature about ECM remodelling by MMPs in intestinal fibrosis and their potential role as biomarkers for disease progression or druggable targets.