bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro biomechanics of divot use, and their placement, in orthodontic aligner therapy
Authors: Kaur Harsimrat , Khurelbaatar Tsolmonbaatar , Mah James , Heo Giseon , Major Paul W. , Romanyk Dan L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionTo evaluate biomechanics of an aligner utilizing divots and the effect of their vertical placement on the right maxillary central incisor.MethodsAn in vitro Orthodontic SIMulator (OSIM) was used to test forces and moments generated by aligners incorporating divots. The OSIM arch was scanned to generate a. STL version that was modified to create four models by placing divots on different positions of the right central maxillary incisor: GI – divots on gingival‐third of lingual surface and incisal‐third of labial surface; GM – divots on gingival‐third of lingual surface and middle‐third of labial surface; MI – divots on middle‐third of lingual surface and incisal‐third of labial surface; MM – divots on middle‐third of lingual surface and middle‐third of labial surface. Aligners (n = 30/model) were fabricated using a 0.75 mm thick polyethylene terephthalate material and Biostar® machine following the manufacturer's recommendations. A one‐way MANOVA followed by one‐way ANOVA (α = 0.05) was utilized to test effect of models on buccolingual force (Fy) and mesiodistal moment (Mx) at 0.20 mm of lingual displacement of the right maxillary central incisor.ResultsMean Mx for GI (−5.68 ± 7.38 Nmm), GM (3.75 ± 5.54 Nmm), MI (−4.27 ± 1.48 Nmm) and MM (1.96 ± 0.99 Nmm) models showed statistical differences between GI and GM, GI and MM, GM and MI and MI and MM. GI exerted the largest Fy (1.87 ± 0.75 N) followed by GM (1.10 ± 0.47 N), MI (0.70 ± 0.23 N) and MM (0.28 ± 0.08 N) with significant differences between GI and GM, GI and MI, GI and MM and GM and MM models.ConclusionsVertical divot placement on a right central incisor had a significant effect on aligner biomechanics. Buccolingual forces exerted by models GI, GM and MI were within the range suggested by literature for bodily tooth movement without major root tipping for GM and MI models.
Efficacy of autologous platelet concentrate products for alveolar preservation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Yi , Du Ruiyu , Yang Baohua , Tao Junming , Jing Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy of autologous platelet concentrate products in the preservation of the alveolar ridge after tooth extraction through meta‐analysis and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of autologous platelet concentrates to reduce alveolar bone resorption.MethodsThis study conducted a meta‐analysis of clinical trials between 2013 and 2023, focusing on autologous platelet concentrate products (e.g., PRP, PRF, CGF, and PRCF) used for alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction. The analysis included 122 articles and 371 extraction sockets. All statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager version 5.4.ResultsResults indicate that these platelet concentrates effectively reduced changes in horizontal width 1 mm below the alveolar crest and vertical socket height. They also promoted a higher percentage of new bone formation in extraction sockets compared with control groups. However, they did not significantly prevent horizontal bone resorption at 3 and 5 mm below the alveolar crest.ConclusionIn conclusion, autologous platelet concentrates are useful for alveolar ridge preservation, but larger clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings due to the relatively small sample size in this study.
3D‐Printed Personalized Lattice Implant as an Innovative Strategy to Reconstruct Geographic Defects in Load‐Bearing Bones
Authors: Li Zhuangzhuang , Lu Minxun , Zhang Yuqi , Wang Jie , Wang Yitian , Gong Taojun , He Xuanhong , Luo Yi , Zhou Yong , Min Li , Tu Chongqi 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveGeographic defect reconstruction in load‐bearing bones presents formidable challenges for orthopaedic surgeon. The use of 3D‐printed personalized implants presents a compelling opportunity to address this issue. This study aims to design, manufacture, and evaluate 3D‐printed personalized implants with irregular lattice porous structures for geographic defect reconstruction in load‐bearing bones, focusing on feasibility, osseointegration, and patient outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective study involved seven patients who received 3D‐printed personalized lattice implants for the reconstruction of geographic defects in load‐bearing bones. Personalized implants were customized for each patient. Randomized dodecahedron unit cells were incorporated within the implants to create the porous structure. The pore size and porosity were analyzed. Patient outcomes were assessed through a combination of clinical and radiological evaluations. Tomosynthesis‐Shimadzu metal artifact reduction technology (T‐SMART) was utilized to evaluate osseointegration. Functional outcomes were assessed according to the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) 93 score.ResultsMultiple pore sizes were observed in porous structures of the implant, with a wide distribution range (approximately 300–900 um). The porosity analysis results showed that the average porosity of irregular porous structures was around 75.03%. The average follow‐up time was 38.4 months, ranging from 25 to 50 months. Postoperative X‐rays showed that the implants matched the geographic bone defect well. Osseointegration assessments according to T‐SMART images indicated a high degree of bone‐to‐implant contact, along with favorable bone density around the implants. Patient outcomes assessments revealed significant improvements in functional outcomes, with the average MSTS score of 27.3 (range, 26–29). There was no implant‐related complication, such as aseptic loosening or structure failure.Conclusion3D‐printed personalized lattice implants offer an innovative and promising strategy for geographic defect reconstruction in load‐bearing bones. This approach has the potential to match the unique contours and geometry of the geographic bone defect and facilitate osteointegration.
Biotinidase biochemical and molecular analyses: Experience at a large reference laboratory
Authors: Sharma Rajesh , Kucera Cathlin R. , Nery Camille R. , Lacbawan Felicitas L. , Salazar Denise , Tanpaiboon Pranoot 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundBiotinidase deficiency is caused by absent activity of the biotinidase, encoded by the biotinidase gene (BTD). Affected individuals cannot recycle the biotin, leading to heterogeneous symptoms that are primarily neurological and cutaneous. Early treatment with biotin supplementation can prevent irreversible neurological damage and is recommended for patients with profound deficiency, defined as enzyme activity <10% mean normal (MN). Molecular testing has been utilized along with biochemical analysis for diagnosis and management. In this study, our objective was to correlate biochemical phenotype/enzyme activity to BTD genotype in patients for whom both enzyme and molecular testing were performed at our lab, and to review how the correlations inform on variant severity.MethodsWe analyzed results of biotinidase enzyme analysis and BTD gene sequencing in 407 patients where samples were submitted to our laboratory from 2008 to 2020.ResultsWe identified 84 BTD variants; the most common was c.1330G>C, and 19/84 were novel BTD variants. A total of 36 patients had enzyme activity <10% of MN and the most common variant found in this group was c.528G>T. No variant was reported in one patient in the profound deficiency group. The most common variant found in patients with enzyme activity more than 10% MN was c.1330G>C.ConclusionsAlthough enzyme activity alone may be adequate for diagnosing profound biotinidase deficiency, molecular testing is necessary for accurate carrier screening and in cases where the enzyme activity falls in the range where partial deficiency and carrier status cannot be discriminated.
The relationship between mothers' Instagram follower count and the concept of sharenting
Authors: Orhan Kiliç Betül , Kiliç Serhat , Konuksever Dilek , Ulukol Betül 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe phenomenon of sharenting has led to an increase in children's digital presence on social media platforms, particularly Instagram. This study aimed to examine the relationship between features of mothers' Instagram use and their sharing of photos related to their children.MethodsThe present study was conducted with 130 mothers of children who applied to our university hospital and who had an Instagram account and allowed us to follow them. The mothers completed an online questionnaire that consisted of parents' sociodemographic data and data regarding social media use characteristics. We created a new Instagram account for this study, and we examined the mothers' Instagrams via this account. The number of Instagram followers was analyzed by dividing it into four equal 25% percentiles.ResultsThe present study found that mothers with more followers shared more photos about themselves and their children on Instagram per year (p < 0.001). It was confirmed that mothers with more followers were more likely to share their children's photos showing them alone, showing them playing, photos that included identity information, and photos that violated their privacy (p values respectively; p = 0.004, p = 0.001, p = 0.043, p = 0.015).ConclusionsThis study highlights the association between mothers' Instagram follower numbers and the presence of risky posts about their children on social media. The number of Instagram followers might serve as a predictor of sharenting behavior. The study's findings are discussed thoroughly, and recommendations are provided for future research and practice in this area.
Comparative analysis of Argentinian and European populations of Ramularia collo‐cygni on barley
Authors: Erreguerena Ignacio A. , Hoebe Peter N. , Carmona Marcelo A. , Guillín Eduardo , Havis Neil D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRamularia collo‐cygni (Rcc) is a major barley pathogen that causes yield and grain quality losses worldwide. The main sources of Rcc inoculum are the seed and asexual airborne spores. In Argentina, Rcc is considered to be an emerging threat to barley crops, especially as most varieties are susceptible to Rcc and have a European genetic background. Here, we describe the population genetic diversity and structure of the Argentinian Rcc population, based on 10 simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers, in order to compare it with Rcc populations from the Czech Republic and Scotland. The Argentinian Rcc population showed lower genetic diversity, higher level of structuring and higher number of clonal isolates than European populations. Significant differentiation at population origin (country) and region (Europe and South America) level suggests the occurrence of a genetic bottleneck and/or a founder effect on Rcc entry to Argentina and that this population could still be in a state of establishment and emergence. Further research on Rcc genetic structure at local and global scale will be crucial for the understanding of Rcc population dynamics for disease management.
Parafoveal and foveal N400 effects in natural reading: A timeline of semantic processing from fixation‐related potentials
Authors: Li Nan , Wang Suiping , Kornrumpf Florian , Sommer Werner , Dimigen Olaf 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe depth at which parafoveal words are processed during reading is an ongoing topic of debate. Recent studies using RSVP‐with‐flanker paradigms have shown that implausible words within sentences elicit an N400 component while they are still in parafoveal vision, suggesting that the semantics of parafoveal words can be accessed to rapidly update the sentence representation. To study this effect in natural reading, we combined the coregistration of eye movements and EEG with the deconvolution modeling of fixation‐related potentials (FRPs) to test whether semantic plausibility is processed parafoveally during Chinese sentence reading. For one target word per sentence, both its parafoveal and foveal plausibility were orthogonally manipulated using the boundary paradigm. Consistent with previous eye movement studies, we observed a delayed effect of parafoveal plausibility on fixation durations that only emerged on the foveal word. Crucially, in FRPs aligned to the pretarget fixation, a clear N400 effect emerged already based on parafoveal plausibility, with more negative voltages for implausible previews. Once participants fixated the target, we again observed an N400 effect of foveal plausibility. Interestingly, this foveal N400 was absent whenever the preview had been implausible, indicating that when a word's (im)plausibility is already processed in parafoveal vision, this information is not revised anymore upon direct fixation. Implausible words also elicited a late positive component (LPC), but exclusively when in foveal vision. Our results not only provide convergent neural and behavioral evidence for the parafoveal uptake of semantic information, but also indicate different contributions of parafoveal versus foveal information toward higher level sentence processing.
Skin patch based makeup finish assessment technique by deep neural network
Authors: Nishino Ken 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSkin color and texture play a significant role in influencing impressions. To understand the influence of skin appearance and to develop better makeup products, objective evaluation methods for makeup finish have been explored. This study aims to apply machine learning technology, specifically deep neural network (DNN), to accurately analyze and evaluate delicate and complex cosmetic skin textures.Methods“Skin patch datasets” were extracted from facial images and used to train a DNN model. The advantages of using skin patches include retaining fine texture, eliminating false correlations from non‐skin features, and enabling visualization of the inferred results for the entire face. The DNN was trained in two ways: a classification task to classify skin attributes and a regression task to predict the visual assessment of experts. The trained DNNs were applied for the evaluation of actual makeup conditions.ResultsIn the classification task training, skin patch‐based classifiers for age range, presence or absence of base makeup, formulation type (powder/liquid) of the applied base makeup, and immediate/while after makeup application were developed. The trained DNNs on regression task showed high prediction accuracy for the experts’ visual assessment. Application of DNN to the evaluation of actual makeup conditions clearly showed appropriate evaluation results in line with the appearance of the makeup finish.ConclusionThe proposed method of using DNNs trained on skin patches effectively evaluates makeup finish. This approach has potential applications in visual science research and cosmetics development. Further studies can explore the analysis of different skin conditions and the development of personalized cosmetics.
Lipolytic agents for submental fat reduction: Review
Authors: Park Soo Yeon , Kim Soo‐Bin , Wan Jovian , Felice Fernando , Yi Kyu‐Ho 
Published: February 2024

AbstractResultThe review delves into the realm of reducing submental fat, presenting a comprehensive analysis of various lipolytic agents used in plastic surgery and dermatology. The introduction establishes the context by defining the key indicators of a youthful neck and emphasizing the significant influence of fat in the aging process, particularly in the submental area. The usage of aminophylline involves subcutaneous injections, facilitating fat breakdown by increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate and inhibiting adenosine receptors. Hypotonic pharmacologic lipo‐dissolution induces fat dissolution via injected compounds under pressure, while lipolytic lymphatic drainage employs hyaluronidase to reduce tissue viscosity, aiding fat circulation. Glycerophosphorylcholine containing choline alfoscerate claims to activate fat metabolism, whereas the utilization of phosphatidylcholine combined with deoxycholate lacks cosmetic approval due to safety concerns. Deoxycholic acid has FDA approval for submental fat reduction, yet its mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Understanding the complex anatomy and mechanisms of lipolytic agents is essential for safe and effective submental fat reduction, despite evolving practices and off‐label utilization. Clinical guidelines and references support this discussion, offering insights for safer applications.
Overcoming life stage‐centric biases illuminates arthropod diversity, systematics and biology
Authors: Caterino Michael S. , Recuero Ernesto 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSynthetic studies of arthropod systematics and biodiversity are hindered by overreliance on ‘preferred’ semaphoronts, those life stages (typically adult males) that provide the most taxonomically distinctive characters. However, modern sequence‐based methods for inventory have no such limitations and permit incorporation of any and all representatives of a species. Here, we briefly review the growth and potential of these approaches to faunistic and systematic studies and share results from our own recent work that illustrate the value that other morphs, immature stages and females added to these studies.
Gröbner bases, symmetric matrices, and type C Kazhdan–Lusztig varieties
Authors: Escobar Laura , Fink Alex , Rajchgot Jenna , Woo Alexander 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe study a class of combinatorially defined polynomial ideals that are generated by minors of a generic symmetric matrix. Included within this class are the symmetric determinantal ideals, the symmetric ladder determinantal ideals, and the symmetric Schubert determinantal ideals of A. Fink, J. Rajchgot, and S. Sullivant. Each ideal in our class is a type C analog of a Kazhdan–Lusztig ideal of A. Woo and A. Yong; that is, it is the scheme‐theoretic defining ideal of the intersection of a type C Schubert variety with a type C opposite Schubert cell, appropriately coordinatized. The Kazhdan–Lusztig ideals that arise are exactly those where the opposite cell is 123‐avoiding. Our main results include Gröbner bases for these ideals, prime decompositions of their initial ideals (which are Stanley–Reisner ideals of subword complexes), and combinatorial formulas for their multigraded Hilbert series in terms of pipe dreams.
Simulation of the Childbirth Process in ls-dyna
Authors: Tao Ru , Grimm Michele J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Childbirth or labor, as the final phase of a pregnancy, is a biomechanical process that delivers the fetus from the uterus. It mainly involves two important biological structures in the mother, the uterus—generating the pushing force on the fetus—and the pelvis (bony pelvis and pelvic floor muscles)—resisting the movement of the fetus. The existing computational models developed in this field that simulate the childbirth process have focused on either the uterine expulsion force or the resistive structures of the pelvis, not both. An FEM model including both structures as a system was developed in this paper to simulate the fetus delivery process in ls-dyna. Uterine active contraction was driven by contractile fiber elements using the Hill material model. The passive portion of the uterus and pelvic floor muscles were modeled with Neo Hookean and Mooney–Rivlin materials, respectively. The bony pelvis was modeled as a rigid body. The fetus was divided into three components: the head, neck, and body. Three uterine active contraction cycles were modeled. The model system was validated based on multiple outputs from the model, including the stress distribution within the uterus, the maximum Von Mises and principal stress on the pelvic floor muscles, the duration of the second stage of the labor, and the movement of the fetus. The developed model system can be applied to investigate the effects of pathomechanics related to labor, such as pelvic floor disorders and brachial plexus injury.
Design Method for Impeller of Centrifugal Pump With Guide Vanes Based on Oseen Vortex
Authors: Lu Yangping , Liu Ming , Tan Lei , Liu Demin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Centrifugal pumps with guide vanes (GVs) are widely used in a pump as turbine, energy storage pump station, and water diversion project. The objective of this study is to establish a design method of centrifugal pumps for matching impeller outlet and diffuser inlet to reduce hydraulic loss. To this end, a theoretical prediction model based on the fluid governing equation and the Oseen vortex model is proposed to predict the velocity moment downstream the impeller of the centrifugal pump. Then, a design method is established to design the impeller of the centrifugal pump with guide vanes. A centrifugal pump with a specific speed of 127 is used to validate the theoretical prediction model, and results of velocity moment show that the deviation between predicted and simulated results is below 0.5% in average. Finally, the design method is applied, and results show that the average efficiency of redesigned pump under the working conditions is 1.04% higher than that of baseline pump, which validates the reliability of proposed design method by theoretical prediction based on Oseen vortex. Analysis on velocity distribution and turbulence eddy dissipation shows that the design method based on Oseen vortex can effectively improve the flow pattern and pump performance.
Mapping Novice Designer Behavior to Design Fixation in the Early-Stage Design Process
Authors: Jia Miao , Jiang Shuo , Qi Jin , Hu Jie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the engineering design process, design fixation significantly constrains the diversity of design solutions. Numerous studies have aimed to mitigate design fixation, yet determining its occurrence in real-time remains a challenge. This research seeks to systematically identify the emergence of fixation through the behavior of novice designers in the early stages of the design process. We conducted a laboratory study, involving 50 novice designers possessing engineering drafting skills. Their design processes were monitored via video cameras, with both their design solutions and physical behaviors recorded. Subsequently, expert evaluators categorized design solutions into three types: Fixation, Low-quality, and Innovative. We manually recorded the names and durations of 31 different physical behaviors observed in the videos, which were then coded and filtered. Meanwhile, we propose a filtering and calculation method for the behavior in the design process. From this, four fixation behaviors were identified using variance analysis (ANOVA): Touch Mouth (TM), Touch Head (TH), Rest Head in Hands (RH), and Hold Face in Hands (HF). Our findings suggest that continuous interaction between the hand and head, mouth, or face can be indicative of a fixation state. Finally, we developed a Behavior-Fixation model based on the Support Vector Machine (SVM) for stage fixation judgment tasks, achieving an accuracy rate of 85.6%. This machine-learning model outperforms manual assessment in speed and accuracy. Overall, our study offers promising prospects for assisting designers in recognizing and avoiding design fixation. These findings, coupled with our proposed computational techniques, provide valuable insights for the development of automated and intelligent design innovation systems.