bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Southern Writing and the Problem of the Father
Authors: Applewhite James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My ideas about the future of southern writing are intimately bound up with certain qualities it has had in the past, as a result of its origins in a region with a particularly determining history. In order to forecast the future, I shall have to delve rather extensively into this past. I will begin by clarifying remarks about earlier twentieth-century southern poetry that I put forward in “The Poet at Home in the South” (The Southern Review and Modem Literature 1935-1985, Louisiana State University Press, 1988). Dave Smith, in his essay in the present volume, questions whether there is any recognizable distinctiveness among the poets I and others have treated as southern. I will respond to issues he raises. At the heart of my earlier definition was the paradox I had felt in southern poetry from about the time of John Crowe Ransom and Allen Tate through the earlier James Dickey: that the enormous intelligence of such work was expressed largely in aesthetic terms, through the fused elements of irony, or narrative implication, and rhythm and musicality and formal invention. It was a mix that seemed to me analogous to the more extreme version one finds in Edgar Allan Poe, wherein the atmosphere surrounding the death of a beautiful woman was rendered with the most elaborate aesthetic calculation. I tried to locate this paradox of highly sophisticated artistic craft in the service of primordial, diffused (or atmospheric), predominantly emotional motives-hardly ideas-in a geographical region given to atavistic blood allegiances and to rhetoric in defense of indefensible causes.
And Ladies of the Club
Authors: Miller Jim Wayne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is that you’re azaminin so dost?” Sut said as he entered Capehart’s Bar and Baitshop, where I sat reading The History of Southern Literature, edited by Professors Louis D. Rubin Jr., Blyden Jackson, Rayburn S. Moore, Lewis Simpson, and Thomas Daniel Young, and recently published by Louisiana State University Press (of Baton Rouge and London). “Asquinchin up your eyes and a-holdin your mouflike somebody tryin to bait a treble-hook wif a nightcrawler: “Sut Lovingood! I’ve just been thinking about you. This is a new history of southern literature, and you’re mentioned in it, Sut:’ “I be dodrabbited:’ ‘Tm reviewing the book, and this is what I’ve said so far: Reading The History of Southern Literature, I feel a lot like Sut Lovingood at Mrs. Yardley’s quilting party. These seventy-plus essays are attractive and well-made, like the fine quilts hanging on clothes lines stretched to every post and tree at Mrs. Yardley’s. Just as Sut has the urge to bolt a horse at the scene (which gets a quilt over its head, wheels, runs wild, tearing down the whole display), I feel like scattering these essays up and down the road and along the creek-bank and starting all over. Or in the words of Melville’s Queequeg: Us cannibals have to help those Christians:.
Speculations on a Southern Snipe
Authors: Smith Dave 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the stretched heat of summer nights we propped open doors and windows with sticks to catch the least breeze. We moved nearly breathless in that humidity so like a blanket of water, the delicate promising fullness of azaleas and daffodils and dogwood already gone, grass becoming brittled by ceaseless sun, the greenest lacy trees drooped, thick. School was forgotten. We played in the safe communal dark. We darted, squibbed like the bats just overhead, our cries known to the adults lingering to speak low in yellow light over supper tables. A few-the luckier ones, we thought-moved before a ghostly Truetone television. In this hour came older kids, maybe smoking a smuggled cigarette, who asked suddenly, "Did you see it?" At first, puzzled, we wouldn't answer. Then we said, yes, we saw it. Next we permitted ourselves to be frightened by it. Even the small vision. In this hour came older kids, maybe smoking a smuggled cigarette, who asked suddenly, "Did you see it?"
Introduction
Authors: Kammen Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In one of the very last essays that Gilbert Seldes wrote, in 1966, he made the following assertion and deliberately cast it entirely in italics: “In my own lifetime I have witnessed more changes in the modes of communication than occurred in all recorded history before.” That observation is noteworthy not only because it is true, but because Seldes’ persistent emphasis upon the constancy of change in American culture characterized his entire career as a critic and historian. As early as 1926 he called attention to “the speed in America, that uncertainty and restlessness, the incapacity to attach itself for a long time to one pleasure and refine it, or to one discipline and master it. . . . ”
During the 1950s he frequently noted the vast transformation in popular culture that had occurred since he first wrote about aspects of the phenomenon in 1922–23. He acknowledged that the emergence of various electronic media had been at the heart of this transformation and expressed concern about the impact of mass-produced mediocrity via television, radio, and especially film.
“The Movies Come from America”
Authors: Kammen Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Seldes wrote film criticism along with essays about the movie industry for almost four decades, from the early 1920s until the later 1950s. Because his basic views and criteria remained constant, in many respects, I have chosen to look at responses to silent and sound film in a single chapter that ranges across all but the last years of that span, when he became much less sanguine about what he saw. He regarded American-made films as a fairly distinctive species, for better and for worse, though he did not emphasize that point unduly. The message he did reiterate with great frequency concerned the need to recognize that stage and screen were absolutely separate media, that the theatre had contributed virtually nothing to movies, and that film-makers should not attempt to borrow any characteristics or techniques from the stage. Consequently he criticized movie actors who performed as though they were still on stage.
Reading Feminist Readings: Recuperative Reading and the Silent Heroine of Feminist Criticism
Authors: Kaplan Carla 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter I want to consider the ways in which classic feminist texts may disrupt the very paradigms they are thought to endorse by focusing on three of the most well-known stories in the feminist canon: “The Yellow Wallpaper,” “A Jury of Her Peers,” and “The Blank Page.” Let me briefly rehearse their plots.
“The Yellow Wallpaper” tells the story of a woman forcibly shut out from all forms of creativity and of conversation with anyone other than her husband, a man who is incapable of real dialogue. These restrictions, modeled on Weir Mitchell ‘s infamous methods, are ostensibly intended to cure her of a “nervous” condition. The protagonist refuses them by inventing a fictional conversant—a woman, like herself, trapped in a world that will not let her live her own life. She increasingly identifies with this other woman and seeks to free her, a liberatory exercise that takes the form of ”reading” her in the wallpaper text of her room.
Girl Talk: Jane Eyre and the Romance of Women’s Narration
Authors: Kaplan Carla 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If freedom for Linda Brent means freedom from having to give an account of herself, it would seem to mean the opposite for Jane Eyre. From child hood on, Jane struggles to narrate her own story, to explain and vindicate her life, to exercise her voice and participate in the “joyous conversational murmur” (198).
The opening pages of the novel dramatize Jane’s narrative conditions by immersing her in negations. She is denied activity (“there was no possibility of taking a walk that day”), banished (“dispensed from joining the group”), and muzzled (“‘be seated somewhere; and until you can speak pleasantly, remain silent ’“ (39)). She is told that to argue with Mrs. Reed would be to “cavill” and to “question,” the very unpleasant and unnatural behavior with which she has been charged. Understandably, then, Jane feels herself to be “‘always suffering, always browbeaten, always accused, for ever condemned’” (46 ).
Transmitters of Information
Authors: Reinhartz Adele 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In The Absence Of fax machines, telephones, and computers, biblical kings, prophets, and other dignitaries required the services of individuals to carry information, convey intentions, and act as their agents. It is not surprising, therefore, to find an abundance of characters whose main role is to transmit information. Some messengers are named, such as Bathsheba’s husband, Uriah the Hittite, who carries a letter from David to Joab that details the instructions for his own murder (2 Sam 11:14), and Elisha’s servant Gehazi, through whom the prophet speaks to the Shunammite woman (2 Kgs 4:12-13).1 The majority, however, are as anonymous and lacking in personal identity as the technology we now use to accomplish the messenger’s task. Some messengers are implied rather than directly portrayed in the narrative. The plot of Genesis 38 is propelled by specific pieces of information that Judah and his daughter-in-law Tamar acquire about one another. The knowledge that Judah is going up to Timnah for the sheep shearing (38:13) prompts Tamar to meet him at Enaim in the guise of a prostitute.
Wayward Wives, Multifarious Mothers and Doomed Daughters
Authors: Reinhartz Adele 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although The Wife Of Lot and the mother of Rebecca are best defined as bit players, a significant number of other wives and mothers-as well as daughters-have starring roles in their respective pericopes. What separates these women from the anonymous bit players is the quantity and quality of narrative attention they receive. Their anonymity draws attention not only to their role designations but also to the interplay between these designations and the behavior attributed to them within their stories. This chapter looks first at a number of anonymous wives, specifically those women who are portrayed as having a significant relationship with a male figure other than a husband. Most of these wives are not literally wayward; only Potiphar’s wife attempts a sexual encounter with her “other” man. Nevertheless, sexual undertones lurk just under the surface of their narrative accounts. Second, we turn to women in the role of mother. The ways in which such women approach the task of nurturing their children provide a perspective from which to view the biblical construction of the maternal role. Finally, we look at the daughters who, trapped by competing demands, are prevented from moving smoothly into the role of wife and mother, which represents the ideal life as inscribed in the biblical text.
Crossing the Threshold between Reader and Text
Authors: Reinhartz Adele 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
anonymity can call into question the boundaries between characters, between the human and divine realms, and between the inhabitants of the heavens themselves. But there remains one last border, that between the reader outside the text and the characters firmly ensconced within. This chapter considers the impact of anonymity on this final frontier. The distinction between reader and character would seem to be inherent in the reading situation itself. After all, the text as such is housed in a book, scroll, tape, or other medium; the reader may pick up or put down the text at will. But the physical distinctness of reader and text quickly loses clarity when we consider the complex imaginative exercise that reading entails. Indeed, the perennial power of narrative lies precisely in its ability to endow characters with a life that spills out from the narrative at the same time as it carries the reader imaginatively into the story itself.1 The open door between reader and text is like Jacob’s ladder, which allows traffic between heaven and earth. Neither door nor ladder, however, dissolves the boundary between the two realms they connect. Despite their readiness to be transported by the magic of biblical narrative, readers frequently remain conscious of their linguistic, geographical, and chronological distance from the ancient Near Eastern context of the biblical texts and their original audiences.
Mate Selection
Authors: Zahavi Amotz Avishag 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sexual displays often attain gigantic dimensions and take bizarre forms. The peacock’s tail grows into the well-known large, colorful fan; peacocks presenting themselves to peahens spend time and energy holding their tails spread open and upright and vibrating them rapidly. Males of many other bird species grow long tail feathers for sexual displays. Relative to their size, some male pheasants and birds of paradise have tails almost as large as the peacock’s, and the males of some species of songbird, such as the viduas of Africa, have tails that are proportionately even longer.
The Fallacy Of Species-Specific Signals
Authors: Zahavi Amotz Avishag 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have seen how signals used by enemies or rivals evolve: the engine driving this evolution is the common interest the antagonists have in reliable communication. But are there signals that evolve without the element of competition or enmity? What about those structures and markings that allow one to tell a given species from another, or to distinguish the male of a species from the female, and the juvenile from the adult? Scientists call these species-specific or set-specific signals, and they assume that common interest-an animal’s need to identify other members of its own species-rather than competition among individuals explains the evolution of these traits. But we believe that specific signals evolve just as all other signals do-through the competition among individuals to demonstrate their quality.
Movements And Ritualization
Authors: Zahavi Amotz Avishag 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Movements can indicate many things: a scolded dog lowers its ears and tucks its tad between its legs, while a happy dog wags its tail; a threatening cat arches its back and stands on tiptoe, hair raised; a duck moves its bill up and down to signal its intention to fly male ruffs court females by dancing in special dancing arenas, or leks. These are only a few examples of the endless array of movements used as signals. The Handicap Principle gives us new ways of seeing such signals and of understanding how they evolved and the messages they encode.
Chemical Communications
Authors: Zahavi Amotz Avishag 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many organisms, both mono- and multicellular, communicate by secreting chemical molecules and make decisions based on chemical molecules secreted by others. Such chemicals, which are produced by one individual and influence the actions of other individuals, are called pheromones. In order to carry reliable messages, pheromones have to meet the three conditions we have established for signals: they have to be costly to the individual sending them; the cost has to be more of a burden to a dishonest communicator than to an honest one; and there must be a logical relationship between the specific cost of the signal and the message conveyed by the signal.
Testing The Bond
Authors: Zahavi Amotz Avishag 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the end of each workday, when we arrived at home, our little daughters used to come running to welcome us. They would jump up on us and demand that we take part in their games or at least tell them a story, no matter how exhausted we were. Our dog, too, would leap up and insistently push himself against us. And in the mornings the dog would make even more of a nuisance of himself: he would lie down in the doorway, forcing us either to walk around him or to push him aside every time we went from the kitchen to the dining room.
Social Amebas (Cellular Slime Molds)
Authors: Zahavi Amotz Avishag 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most scientists who study social systems and communications in multicellular organisms ceased long ago to use group selection as a model though they still revert to that theory occasionally without realizing it. Microbiologists, by contrast, still routinely use models of group selection to explain the behavior of one-celled organisms such as bacteria and viruses. This approach is justified, they say, because most unicellular organisms reproduce asexually, by division, and live in groups that are genetically uniform; therefore the population counts as a single unit in terms of evolution, the interests of its members are identical, and traits that benefit the group are likely to flourish even if they harm specific individuals.
In Search of Emotion
Authors: Brothers Leslie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Emotion” has no single, defined referent; instead, the word is a pointer to a loose assortment of ideas. On the one hand, it connotes subjective qualities of experience—we call them “feelings.” On the other, it connotes expressiveness. Does emotion have any standing as an empirical, scientific entity—or is it just a manner of speaking? A review of current neurobiological theories and findings will lead us to conclude, in agreement with some sociologists, that emotion is a construct of everyday thought and is not to be found in our brains or bodies.
The Opening Toward Culture
Authors: Schiller Dan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the I960s, extra-academic circumstances were again infusing communication study with a critical edge, and a multifaceted but common­ spirited intellectual heterodoxy was beginning to crystallize around the concept of “culture.” On one hand, the need became to 1,mderstand and challenge modern-day neocolonialism, a concern shaped and intensified by the spread of militant movements for decolonization and national self-determination throughout what now was being called the Third World. The humanities and social sciences in general were convulsed, most vocally around the U.S. war on Vietnam; a series of related domestic agitations, notably including the struggle for African American civil rights, increased the pressure. On the other hand, a surging revisionism, originating in Britain but powering across the Atlantic, was freshly problematizing the status of” culture” in the metropoles of developed capitalism. Full-fledged radical opposition to the behavioral orthodoxy which continued to dominate communication study was accompanied by a deepening critical engagement with received political economy.
Splicing Life: Genetics and Ethics
Authors: Jonsen Albert R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Children are like their parents: common sizes and shapes, virtues and strengths, weaknesses and sufferings trail through families, and humans must always have wondered why. Four centuries ago, Michel de Montaigne reflected on the excruciating pain he and his father shared from stones in the bladder. In his essay “Of the resemblance of children to their fathers” the essayist reflected, “I was born twenty-five and more years before his illness, at a time when he enjoyed his best health. Where was the propensity to this infirmity hatching all this time? And when he was so far from the ailment, how did this slight bit of his substance, with which he made me, bear so great an impression of it? How did it remain so concealed that I began to feel it forty-five years later? ... Will anyone enlighten me about this process?” This sixteenth-century savant asked a question that only modem genetics could answer. Modem genetics flows from human curiosity about “the resemblance of children to their fathers.” That curiosity could only speculate about this resemblance until a little over a century ago, when speculation turned into science. In the 1860s, Gregor Mendel, abbot of the Augustinian monastery of Brno in Austria, mathematically calculated the inherited characteristics of pea plants that he bred in his monastery garden.
Self-Regulation of Surgical Practice and Research
Authors: Jones R Scott , Fletcher John C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ethical basis of self-regulation in the profession of medicine is our main subject, especially as understood in surgical practice and research. We must first persuade readers that self-regulation is ethically justified, because professions, as Buchanan shows, ‘‘are social constructs, not facts of nature.’’ Is it right and good that surgeons regulate and police themselves? Other sections of the chapter discuss self-regulation in the context of overlapping spheres of accountability and as applied to selected clinical topics. Surgeons belong to the medical profession, which is supposed to be guided by its own ideal norms and values. Buchanan1 sets forth five elements of an ‘‘ideal’’ conception of profession: special knowledge of a practical sort; a commitment to preserve and enhance that knowledge; a commitment to excellence in the practice of the profession; an intrinsic and dominant commitment to serving others rather than personal gain; and effective self-regulation by the professional group. To be effective, practices of self-regulation should develop loyalty to these ideals and define standards of competence for members of the profession, means of developing loyalty to these standards, and sanctions (including expulsion from the profession) to ensure compliance with these standards.
Liberalism, Nationalism, and Egalitarianism
Authors: Scheffler Samuel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Liberalism in one form or another is the dominant position in contemporary political philosophy. Despite this, or perhaps because of it, liberalism continues to attract criticism of many different kinds. Some critics believe that liberalism underestimates the human and political significance that attaches to membership in a nation or in a cultural or communal group, and that it therefore misjudges the significance of the national and cultural diversity that is a feature of so many modern societies. These critics view liberalism as insufficiently particularist in its orientation. At the same time, there are other critics who believe that liberalism as standardly formulated places too little emphasis on questions of global or international political morality, and that it focuses too much of its attention on the individual society, which is assumed to be organized as an independent country or state, and which is treated as a self-sufficient cooperative enterprise. These critics view liberalism as insufficiently globalist in its orientation.
Fundamental Progressions of Harmony
Authors: Caplin William E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The important role of harmony in defining formal functions should be evident from the preceding chapter. The intrathematic functions (such as presentation, continuation, and cadential) are especially contingent on specific types of local harmonic progression. Thus one of the earliest tasks in any formal analysis-indeed, perhaps the first task-is to determine the underlying harmony of a given passage. This chapter, a kind of brief Harmonielehre, systematically presents the fundamental harmonic progressions used by the classical composers to articulate formal functions. For ease of comparison, the progressions are exemplified as simple paradigms in the key of C major.
Small Binary
Authors: Caplin William E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Traditional theories of form posit a variety of binary structures. Little consensus has been achieved, however, on the fundamental attributes that permit a theme to be classified among these various binary types or even for it to be distinguished from ternary forms.1 As pointed out in the previous chapter, one type of traditional binary, the “rounded” binary, is better understood as a version of the small ternary. Not all binaries, however, should be assimilated to ternary forms. There exists a specific main theme-type that is appropriately termed small binary because its functional characteristics are sufficiently distinct to permit it to be defined independent of the small ternary form.