bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exact algorithm for disaster-resilience augmentation of planar straight-line graphs
Authors: Westcott Alexander , Ras Charl 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We consider the problem of adding a minimum length set of edges to a geometric graph so that the resultant graph is resilient against partition from the effect of a single disaster. Disasters are modeled by discs of given maximum radius, and a disaster destroys all edges intersecting its interior. It is assumed that the input and output graphs are planar with a straight-line embedding. We provide a computationally simple characterisation of feasible input instances in terms of the convex hull of the given graph, and present a fast ILP algorithm for generating optimal solutions. We also perform a computational study which shows that our algorithm is able to solve randomly generated instances with hundreds of nodes.
A central pattern generator network for simple control of gait transitions in hexapod robots based on phase reduction
Authors: Namura Norihisa , Nakao Hiroya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present a model of the central pattern generator (CPG) network that can control gait transitions in hexapod robots in a simple manner based on phase reduction theory. Our CPG network consists of six weakly coupled limit-cycle oscillators as the CPG units, where arbitrary smooth limit-cycle oscillators can be employed as the CPG unit. The synchronization dynamics of the six multidimensional limit-cycle oscillators can be described by six one-dimensional phase equations through phase reduction. Utilizing the symmetries in the specific hexapod gaits, the six phase equations of the CPG network can further be reduced to two independent equations for the phase differences, which enables us to analyze the gait transition dynamics easily. By choosing appropriate coupling functions for the CPG network, we can achieve desired synchronization dynamics regardless of the detailed properties of the limit-cycle oscillator used for the CPG unit. The effectiveness of our CPG network is demonstrated by numerical and physical simulations of gait transitions between the wave, tetrapod, and tripod gaits, using the FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillator as the CPG unit.
Distribution of pharmaceuticals in marine surface sediment and macroalgae (ulvophyceae) around Mombasa peri-urban creeks and Gazi Bay, Kenya
Authors: Wanjeri Veronica Wayayi Ogolla , Okuku Eric , Ngila Jane Catherine , Ouma Josephine , Ndungu Patrick Gathura 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pollution in marine creeks has been increasing due to anthropogenic activities and has been a global concern. Limited research has been conducted on pharmaceuticals in marine sediment and macroalgae in African countries. In the present study, the levels of pharmaceuticals were assessed in surface sediment and different species of macroalgae (ulvophyceae; Cladophora sudanensis, Chaetomorpha crassa, Chaetomorpha indica, Enteromorpha kylinii, Ulva reticulate, Ulva lactuca and Cladophora sibugae) in Mombasa peri-urban creeks (Tudor, Makupa and Mtwapa creek) and Gazi bay during dry and wet seasons. The concentration of pharmaceuticals in the surface sediment during dry and wet seasons ranged between 0.04–686.8 ng/g and 0.01–2580.6 ng/g, respectively. The highest concentration of pharmaceuticals was observed in Tudor creek in dry and wet seasons, with a sum concentration of ∑1013 ng/g and ∑3111 ng/g, respectively. Gazi Bay was used as a reference environment for this study, and pharmaceuticals were detected in dry and wet seasons with a concentration of 0.10–686.8 ng/g and 0.18–93.5 ng/g, respectively. There was no seasonal variation in the pharmaceutical concentration during the dry and wet seasons. For macroalgae of ulvophyceae species, pharmaceutical concentration ranged below the detection limit (DL)–11059 ng/g. Compared to surface sediment, macroalgae showed a high concentration of pharmaceuticals in Tudor, Makupa and Mtwapa creeks. Tetracycline was higher in sediment and macroalgae in all the creeks than other pharmaceutical compounds. A high concentration of pharmaceuticals confirms sewage effluent into the marine environment of Mombasa peri-urban creek. Pharmaceuticals (acetaminophen, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, carbamazepine and nevirapine) in sediment posed a medium (− 1 < Log10 RQ < 0) to higher risk (Log10 RQ > 0) to algae, invertebrates and fish in the dry and wet seasons. There is a need to sensitise the residents of coastal cities on the impact of sewage effluent into the marine environment and enact strict measures to limit the discharge of sewage effluents containing these contaminants into the marine environment. Nevertheless, it is recommended to conduct further research on the distribution of pharmaceuticals in the marine environment and the long-term combined impacts of these substances of these compounds on marine biota.
Green infrastructure, native gentrification, and socialist property regimes in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Herrmann-Pillath Carsten , Xu Han , Liqun Pan , Yuxuan Ren , Ying Peng , Jing Cheng , Ling Li , Man Guo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Urban villages have been essential for rapid growth of the megacity Shenzhen, home of millions of migrant workers and built by native villagers. Recent initiatives of redeveloping the urban villages emphasize green infrastructure, which is often associated with the downside of gentrification. In Shenzhen, shareholding cooperatives of native villagers play a significant role in those developments, against the background of varying property arrangements across urban communities. The article compares two neighboring communities, one without a shareholding cooperative and dominant state-ownership of land and one with remaining land-use rights of native villagers that are managed by a shareholding cooperative. The paper identifies the distinct pattern of native gentrification that is manifest in the arrangements of green infrastructure and the changes in the settlement structures. Native gentrification is mediated by the ritual spaces of the original village communities.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Two Species of Ligophorus (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) in Mullets from the Yucatán Peninsula, with Comments on the Geographical Distribution of L. mediterraneus
Authors: Andrade-Gómez Leopoldo , da Silva Reinaldo José , Pérez-Ponce de León Gerardo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background

Ligophorus Euzet and Suriano, 1977 is a specious genus of ancyrocephalid monogeneans parasitizing mullets around the world, with most species distributed in the western Pacific and the Mediterranean Sea. Only nine out of the 62 species in the genus have been reported from the Americas, and from them, only two have been sequenced.

Methods
We analyzed two species of Mugil (L.) from Northern Yucatán Peninsula. Specimens of Ligophorus were sampled from the gills of their hosts. The morphology of the specimens was examined. In addition, 28S and ITS rDNA sequences were obtained and compared with previous sequences downloaded from GenBank.

Results
We discovered two species of Ligophorus using morphological and molecular characters, L. mediterraneus, parasitizing the stripped mullet Mugil cephalus off the coast of Celestún, and L. yucatanensis, parasitizing the silver mullet M. curema in four coastal lagoons. Sequence data of the latter species are reported for the first time.

Conclusion
Our findings showed that two species of Ligophorus occur in mugilids of the Yucatán Peninsula. One represents a widely distributed marine species with records in the Mediterranean Sea and the Yucatán Peninsula, whereas the second one, L. yucatanensis, represents an endemic species restricted to coastal lagoons of the Yucatán Peninsula.
Therapeutic Potential of Propolis and Royal Jelly in Encephalitozoon Intestinalis Infection: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Gülpinar Derya Gül , Polat Zübeyda Akın , Çetinkaya Ülfet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Encephalitozoon intestinalis is an obligate intracellular microsporidian fungus that causes severe gastrointestinal infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Propolis (PROP), a resinous substance derived from bees, has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, while royal jelly (RJ) has immunomodulatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of PROP and RJ against E. intestinalis.

Methods
The phenolic composition of PROP was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection, and the chemical components of RJ were evaluated according to ISO12824 standards. The cytotoxicity of PROP and RJ on HEK-293 cells was evaluated using the XTT assay. The three highest non-cytotoxic concentrations of each sample were tested for their effects on E. intestinalis spores by qRT-PCR. Trichrome-stained photomicrographs were used to assess spore density in HEK-293 cells treated with PROP and RJ.

Results
PROP analysis revealed flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, pinocembrin and galangin, as well as phenolic acids such as caffeic and cinnamic acids, known for their bioactive properties. RJ contained mainly proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and sugars, reflecting its role as a nutritionally and biologically active substance. According to the results of this first study evaluating the effect of PROP and RJ on E. intestinalis, all concentrations evaluated in the study showed a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of E. intestinalis spores compared to the control group.

Conclusion
In conclusion, we believe that PROP and RJ should be considered as an alternative option in the development of antimicrosporidial drugs due to their potential medicinal and pharmaceutical properties.
Approaches of Inducing Tolerance to Murine Schistosomiasis mansoni applying Biomphalaria and Bulinus Proteins
Authors: Mossalem Hanan S. , Nasr Sami Mohamed , Fahmy Azza Moustafa , Atta Shimaa , Abuelenain Gehan Labib 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The freshwater snails Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus trancatus are key contributors to the transmission of S.
mansoni and S.
haematobium, respectively, for being their intermediate hosts.

Objectives
This research study aimed to investigate the potency of the nucleoproteins (NPs) extracted from both snail species on the host immune reactions as an approach to developing a potential vaccine.

Methods
Three groups of six-week-old Swiss-Webster mice (n = 18; 15–20 g each) were injected intraperitoneally for three consecutive weeks with single doses (once a week) of B. alexandrina, B. truncatus, or a mixture of their nucleoproteins (50 µg each). On day 21st, the nucleoprotein-treated mice altogether, with six more mice, received subcutaneously S. mansoni cercariae (60/mouse). Eight weeks later, the experimental mice were sacrificed for evaluation of certain parasitological, molecular and immunological responses.

Results
The data of mice immunized with the various types of nucleoproteins showed a significant increase of FAS/R gene expressions in hepatic tissues and anti-IgG antibody levels in sera on the one hand and a significant decrease of worm loads and β-actin/R gene expression levels on the other hand when compared to the infected control mice.

Conclusion
These findings highlight the role of snails in immunomodulation and shed light on the possibility of antagonizing effects that might occur when the nucleoproteins of different species are mixed. Moreover, this research study might promote the literature spotting the importance of snail proteins against schistosomiasis.
Input-Factor Mobility and the Impact of Host Country Institutions on Foreign Direct Investment in Natural Resources
Authors: Sandoval Andres A. , Egan Patrick J. W. , Weinberg Joe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The apparent association between authoritarian governance and foreign direct investment (FDI) in natural resource industries conceals important variation within the primary sector. Existing analyses often fail to distinguish between mining/extractive industries, which must invest where specific resources exist and may contribute to endogenous processes of authoritarian entrenchment, and agriculture, where democratic regimes may offer stronger incentives for investment. Given the dramatic increases in agricultural investments in the last three decades, this distinction is not trivial and augurs against blanket statements concerning natural resources. Yet, analysts routinely refer to the primary sector as shorthand for mining, despite this heterogeneity. Using subsector FDI data, we investigate the institutional determinants of agricultural investment in 50 emerging economies from 1980 to 2010, an historical period during which inward primary sector investment surged in many developing countries with diverse institutional attributes. We consider how intrinsic characteristics of both agricultural and mining/extractive industries connect to political institutions. We find that in subsectors such as agriculture where firms may consider multiple locations for investment and sunk costs are lower than in mining, higher democratic quality corresponds with increased investment. This has consequences for the politics of FDI as well as broader political implications for natural resource endowments.
Effect of width-to-height ratio on the strength and behaviour of chromitite rock
Authors: Watson Bryan Philip , Maphosa Tatenda John , Stacey Thomas Richard , Theron Willie , Fernandes Noel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The South African Bushveld Complex, Upper Group 2 (UG2) Reef pillar design has been based on a strength formula originally determined for quartzite. This formula was modified to cater for the weaker UG2 chromitite material. However, there is evidence that the pillars are stronger than predicted by the modified formula. In this study, UG2 chromitite samples were tested at a wide range of width-to-height ratios to determine the material behaviour and the relationship between strength and width-to-height ratio. Such test results on this material have not been published in the past. All testing was performed in a servo-controlled stiff testing machine (MTS 815) at a constant deformation rate of 0.08 mm/min. Specially prepared load spreader end-pieces were used to minimise any bending effects of the loading platens on the sample behaviour. The analysis showed a non-linear strengthening with increasing width-to-height ratio, best described using a power formula. A change in failure mode from pure shear to extension was observed at a width-to-height ratio of one, which has been documented previously for other materials. The change in fracture mode did not appear to affect the strength of the material. Further tests were conducted to determine the critical strain at which extension fractures initiate in chromitite. It was found that extension fracturing initiated at a critical strain of between − 2.2 mε and 3.0 mε, which was about 10 times the strain calculated by existing formulae. This new information has not been previously published for chromitite. An additional useful product of the work is an equation that can be utilised to evaluate the true uniaxial strength from samples prepared with a w/h ratio of one. Strain softening was observed on all samples up to a w/h ratio of eight. Samples with w/h ratios of three and higher were able to sustain high stresses for large strains, but almost all samples finally failed with complete loss of load. The final sudden loss of load is believed to be associated with radial cracks observed in these samples after failure.
Nutritional Interventions to Attenuate Quadriceps Muscle Deficits following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction
Authors: Smith Miriam J. , Hoffman Nolan J. , Jose Argell J. San , Burke Louise M. , Opar David A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, quadriceps muscle atrophy persists despite rehabilitation, leading to loss of lower limb strength, osteoarthritis, poor knee joint health and reduced quality of life. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these deficits in hypertrophic adaptations within the quadriceps muscle following ACL injury and reconstruction are poorly understood. While resistance exercise training stimulates skeletal muscle hypertrophy, attenuation of these hypertrophic pathways can hinder rehabilitation following ACL injury and reconstruction, and ultimately lead to skeletal muscle atrophy that persists beyond ACL reconstruction, similar to disuse atrophy. Numerous studies have documented beneficial roles of nutritional support, including nutritional supplementation, in maintaining and/or increasing muscle mass. There are three main mechanisms by which nutritional supplementation may attenuate muscle atrophy and promote hypertrophy: (1) by directly affecting muscle protein synthetic machinery; (2) indirectly increasing an individual’s ability to work harder; and/or (3) directly affecting satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. We propose that nutritional support may enhance rehabilitative responses to exercise training and positively impact molecular machinery underlying muscle hypertrophy. As one of the fastest growing knee injuries worldwide, a better understanding of the potential mechanisms involved in quadriceps muscle deficits following ACL injury and reconstruction, and potential benefits of nutritional support, are required to help restore quadriceps muscle mass and/or strength. This review discusses our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle hypertrophy and disuse atrophy, and how nutritional supplements may leverage these pathways to maximise recovery from ACL injury and reconstruction.
Underground encased freight delivery system (EFDS) contributing to sustainability
Authors: Manola Evangelia , Tokenova Zhuldyz , Li Zhenghao , Shen Yuhan , Lai Shuyi , Godagampala Dinu , Varga Liz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The growing demand for freight logistics in urban areas has led to traffic congestion, greenhouse gas emissions, and noise pollution, which have negative environmental impacts and contribute to the rising cost of freight delivery transportation. An alternative radical solution is to provide an encased freight delivery system (EFDS), sending freight in wagons on rails, powered by electro-motive green energy. The EFDS design is secure, intelligent and is a low carbon footprint transport system for delivering freight through buried, suspended or overground pipes. Demonstrating the value of an EFDS includes finding optimal routes connecting the highest demand in a region providing highest social value, as well as maximizing the efficiency of the system. At the same time, the system should be commercially viable and have a low environmental impact during the implementation and operation phases. Results of modelling reveal that when EFDS is used, less HGVs are used in the form of traditional logistics to deliver the same number of parcels. On the other hand, when the number of vehicles (wagons) of the EFDS is increased, as well as their capacity, this enables the effective delivery of more parcels while the speed of these vehicles was found to have little impact. A case study in East London indicates 925 number of trucks can be removed from roads, and capacity for growth in freight movement would be provided when the EFDS is at full capacity, noting that new pipes can always be added to different locations if viable routes are found.
Community Wellbeing and Public Management Theory: How Theory can Explain Pandemic Responses
Authors: Drew Joseph , Kim Yunji 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
COVID-19 has wrought havoc on the lives of people across the globe. In response, public officials have actively used government resources and authority to try to mitigate matters. We explore how public policy responses to COVID-19 can be understood with respect to two different lenses – one that focuses on creating public value and another that focuses on human flourishing. Specifically, we examine mask mandates and lockdowns in the state of Victoria in Southern Australia that had been celebrated for its success in COVID-19 responses. Our examination shows that the type of lens we apply to public policy decisions matter for both the institution of government as well as community well-being. We conclude with some remarks on how it might now be time to shift the focus from creating public value to human flourishing in public policy responses to pandemics.
WALLABY Pilot Survey: kNN identification of perturbed galaxies through H 1 morphometrics
Authors: Holwerda Benne Willem , Dénes Helga , Rhee Jonghwan , Leahy Denis , Koribalski Bärbel Silvia , Yu Niankun , Deg Nathan , Westmeier T. , Lee-Waddell Karen , Ascasibar Yago , Saraf Manasvee , Lin Xuchen , Catinella Barbara , Hess Kelley 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Galaxy morphology in stellar light can be described by a series of ‘non-parametric’ or ‘morphometric’ parameters, such as concentration-asymmetry-smoothness, Gini,

$M_{20}$

, and Sérsic fit. These parameters can be applied to column density maps of atomic hydrogen (H 1). The H 1 distribution is susceptible to perturbations by environmental effects, for example, intergalactic medium pressure and tidal interactions. Therefore, H 1 morphology can potentially identify galaxies undergoing ram-pressure stripping or tidal interactions. We explore three fields in the WALLABY Pilot H 1 survey and identify perturbed galaxies based on a k-nearest neighbour (kNN) algorithm using an H 1 morphometric feature space. For training, we used labelled galaxies in the combined NGC 4808 and NGC 4636 fields with six H 1 morphometrics to train and test a kNN classifier. The kNN classification is proficient in classifying perturbed galaxies with all metrics – accuracy, precision, and recall – at 70–80%. By using the kNN method to identify perturbed galaxies in the deployment field, the NGC 5044 mosaic, we find that in most regards, the scaling relations of perturbed and unperturbed galaxies have similar distribution in the scaling relations of stellar mass versus star formation rate and the Baryonic Tully–Fisher relation, but the H 1 and stellar mass relation flatter than of the unperturbed galaxies. Our results for NGC 5044 provide a prediction for future studies on the fraction of galaxies undergoing interaction in this catalogue and to build a training sample to classify such galaxies in the full WALLABY survey.