bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of hyaluronan synthesis by interleukin‐1β involves activation of protein kinase C βII in fibroblasts from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy
Authors: Wong Yi‐Kuei , Tang Kam‐Tsun , Wu Jiahn‐Chun , Hwang Jeng‐Jong , Wang Hwai‐Shi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHyaluronan accumulation in the retroorbital connective tissue is one of the pathological features of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) is known to stimulate hyaluronan synthesis in orbital fibroblasts. In the present study, the intracellular signal transduction pathways involved in this stimulatory effect were investigated in cultured human retroorbital fibroblasts from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. IL‐1β‐induced hyaluronan synthesis was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with two protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, chlerythrine chloride and H‐7. In addition, treatment with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA), a direct PKC activator, also resulted in increased hyaluronan production. IL‐1β‐ or PMA‐stimulated hyaluronan synthesis was blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. Moreover, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration of the orbital fibroblasts was also involved in the IL‐1β induced transduction pathway, the effect being completely inhibited by BAPTA, an internal calcium chelator. In addition, A23187, a calcium ionophore, increased hyaluronan synthesis in unstimulated cells. These results suggest that the Ca2+‐dependent PKC signal transduction pathway plays an important role in the IL‐1β‐induced hyaluronan synthesis. Moreover, IL‐1β treatment resulted in increased PKC activity and the rapid translocation of PKC βII from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. These results indicate that cytosolic Ca2+ and PKC βII are involved in IL‐1β‐induced hyaluronan synthesis in cultured orbital fibroblasts from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 58–67, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of p38 MAP kinase in TGF‐β‐stimulated VEGF synthesis in aortic smooth muscle cells
Authors: Yamamoto Takuji , Kozawa Osamu , Tanabe Kumiko , Akamatsu Shigeru , Matsuno Hiroyuki , Dohi Shuji , Uematsu Toshihiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough it is known that transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β induces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. In the present study, we examined whether the mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily is involved in TGF‐β‐stimulated VEGF synthesis in aortic smooth muscle A10 cells. TGF‐β stimulated the phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAP kinase and p38 MAP kinase, but not that of SAPK (stress‐activated protein kinase)/JNK (c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase). The VEGF synthesis induced by TGF‐β was not affected by PD98059 or U0126, specific inhibitors of the upstream kinase that activates p42/p44 MAP kinase. We confirmed that PD98059 or U0126 did actually suppress the phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAP kinase by TGF‐β in our preparations. PD169316 and SB203580, specific inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase, significantly reduced the TGF‐β‐stimulated synthesis of VEGF (each in a dose‐dependent manner). PD169316 or SB203580 attenuated the TGF‐β‐induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase. These results strongly suggest that p38 MAP kinase plays a part in the pathway by which TGF‐β stimulates the synthesis of VEGF in aortic smooth muscle cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 591–598, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of culture in a rotating wall bioreactor on the physiology of differentiated neuron‐like PC12 and SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Wang Steven S.‐S. , Good Theresa A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA variety of evidence suggests that nervous system function is altered during microgravity, however, assessing changes in neuronal physiology during space flight is a non‐trivial task. We have used a rotating wall bioreactor with a high aspect ratio vessel (HARV), which simulates the microgravity environment, to investigate the how the viability, neurite extension, and signaling of differentiated neuron‐like cells changes in different culture environments. We show that culture of differentiated PC12 and SH‐SY5Y cells in the simulated microgravity HARV bioreactor resulted in high cell viability, moderate neurite extension, and cell aggregation accompanied by NO production. Neurite extension was less than that seen in static cultures, suggesting that less than optimal differentiation occurs in simulated microgravity relative to normal gravity. Cells grown in a mixed vessel under normal gravity (a spinner flask) had low viability, low neurite extension, and high glutamate release. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using a rotating wall bioreactor to explore the effects of simulated microgravity on differentiation and physiology of neuron‐like cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 574–584, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of energy minima and saddle points using multireference configuration interaction methods in combination with reduced gradient following: The S0 surface of H2CO and the T1 and T2 surfaces of acetylene
Authors: Dallos Michal , Lischka Hans , Ventura Do Monte Elizete , Hirsch Michael , Quapp Wolfgang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe implementation of the reduced gradient following (RGF) method into the COLUMBUS quantum‐chemical program system is reported using the newly developed analytic MR‐CISD/AQCC gradient feature. By this combination a very useful tool has been developed for general searches of stationary points on ground‐ and excited‐state energy surfaces. This procedure is applied to the S0 surface of H2CO and the T1 and T2 surfaces of acetylene. For H2CO we investigated three minima (formaldehyde, s‐trans, and s‐cis hydroxycarbene) and five saddle points. For the T1 and T2 states of acetylene the cis‐ and trans‐minima and the planar and nonplanar saddle points were computed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 576–583, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jcc.10054
Preparing psychologists to prescribe
Authors: Sechrest Lee , Coan James A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this report, an investigation of the training received by professionals currently authorized to prescribe medications is considered as a step toward understanding what might be involved in preparing psychologists appropriately if prescription privileges for psychology were to be obtained. Information about admission and curriculum requirements was collected from medical schools, dental schools, physician assistant programs, nurse practitioner programs, and schools of optometry. Results suggest a high level of pharmacologically relevant coursework is required for admission to, and the completion of, programs that currently prepare their professionals to prescribe. It is argued that preparing psychologists to prescribe would likely entail similar training requirements in addition to, or instead of, those already in place, leaving clinical psychology dramatically and permanently altered. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 649–658, 2002.
Social support, psychiatric symptoms, and housing: A causal analysis
Authors: Calsyn Robert J. , Winter Joel P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study used structural equation modeling to examine the causal relationship between social support and each of three outcome variables: depression, psychotic symptoms, and stable housing. Two measures of social support were included in the models: natural support (family and friends) and professional support. Nearly 4,000 individuals from 18 cities in the United States provided data for this study. All participants were homeless at baseline and suffered from severe mental illness. Data were collected at baseline, 3 months, and 1 year.A reciprocal effects model best explained the causal relationship between social support and psychiatric symptoms. The social causation model best explained the relationship between social support and stable housing, such that increases in social support led to increases in stable housing. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activation of progelatinase A (MMP‐2) by neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase‐3: A role for inflammatory cells in tumor invasion and angiogenesis
Authors: Shamamian Peter , Schwartz Jess D. , Pocock Ben J.Z. , Monea Sara , Whiting David , Marcus Stuart G. , Mignatti Paolo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGelatinase A (MMP‐2), a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) involved in tumor invasion and angiogenesis, is secreted as an inactive zymogen (proMMP‐2) and activated by proteolytic cleavage. Here we report that polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)‐derived elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase‐3 activate proMMP‐2 through a mechanism that requires membrane‐type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP) expression. Immunoprecipitation of human PMN‐conditioned medium with a mixture of antibodies to elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase‐3 abolished proMMP‐2 activation, whereas individual antibodies were ineffective. Incubation of HT1080 cells with either purified PMN elastase or cathepsin G or proteinase‐3 resulted in dose‐and time‐dependent proMMP‐2 activation. Addition of PMN‐conditioned medium to MT1‐MMP expressing cells resulted in increased proMMP‐2 activation and in vitro invasion of extracellular matrix (ECM), but had no effect with cells that express no MT1‐MMP. MMP‐2 activation by PMN‐conditioned medium or purified elastase was blocked by the elastase inhibitor α1‐antitrypsin but not by Batimastat, an MMP inhibitor, showing that elastase activation of MMP‐2 is not mediated by MMP activities. The PMN‐conditioned medium‐induced increase in cell invasion was blocked by Batimastat as well as by α1‐antitrypsin, showing that PMN serine proteinases trigger a proteinase cascade that entails proMMP‐2 activation: this gelatinase is the downstream effector of the proinvasive activity of PMN proteinases. These findings indicate a novel role for PMN‐mediated inflammation in a variety of tissue remodeling processes including tumor invasion and angiogenesis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Practical application of aqueous two‐phase systems for the development of a prototype process for c‐phycocyanin recovery from Spirulina maxima
Authors: Rito‐Palomares Marco , Nuñez Lilia , Amador Daniel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel process for the recovery of c‐phycocyanin from Spirulina maxima exploiting aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS), ultrafiltration and precipitation was developed in order to reduce the number of unit operations and benefit from an increased yield of the protein product. The evaluation of system parameters such as PEG molecular mass, concentration of PEG as well as salt, system pH and volume ratio was carried out to determine under which conditions the c‐phycocyanin and contaminants concentrate to opposite phases. PEG1450–phosphate ATPS proved to be suitable for the recovery of c‐phycocyanin because the target protein concentrated in the top phase whilst the cell debris concentrated in the bottom phase. A two‐stage ATPS process with a phase volume ratio (Vr) equal to 0.3, PEG1450 7% (w/w), phosphate 20% (w/w) and system pH of 6.5 allowed c‐phycocyanin recovery with a purity of 2.4 (estimated as the relationship of the 620 nm to 280 nm absorbances). The use of ultrafiltration (with a 30 kDa membrane cut‐off) and precipitation (with ammonium sulfate) resulted in a recovery process that produced a protein purity of 3.8 ± 0.1 and an overall product yield of 29.5% (w/w). The results reported here demonstrated the practical implementation of ATPS for the design of a prototype recovery process as a first step for the commercial purification of c‐phycocyanin produced by Spirulina maxima.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Biosorptive uranium uptake by a Pseudomonas strain: characterization and equilibrium studies
Authors: Sar Pinaki , D'Souza Stanislaus F 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe biosorptive uranium(VI) uptake capacity of live and lyophilized Pseudomonas cells was characterized in terms of equilibrium metal loading, effect of solution pH and possible interference by selected co‐ions. Uranium binding by the test biomass was rapid, achieving >90% sorption efficiency within 10 min of contact and the equilibrium was attained after 1 h. pH‐dependent uranium sorption was observed for both biomass types with the maximum being at pH 5.0. Metal uptake by live cells was not affected by culture age and the presence of an energy source or metabolic inhibitor. Sorption isotherm studies at a solution pH of either 3.5 or 5.0 indicated efficient and exceptionally high uranium loading by the test biomass, particularly at the higher pH level. At equilibrium, the lyophilized Pseudomonas exhibited a metal loading of 541 ± 34.21 mg g−1 compared with a lower value by the live organisms (410 ± 25.93 mg g−1). Experimental sorption data showing conformity to both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models indicate monolayered uranium binding by the test biomass. In bimetallic combinations a significant interference in uranium loading was offered by cations such as thorium(IV), iron(II and III), aluminium(III) and copper(II), while the anions tested, except carbonate, were ineffective. Uranium sorption studies in the presence of a range of Fe3+ and SO42− concentrations indicate a strong inhibition (80%) by the former at an equimolar ratio while more than 70% adsorption efficiency was retained even at a high sulfate level (30 000 mg dm−3). Overall data indicate the suitability of the Pseudomonas sp biomass in developing a biosorbent for uranium removal from aqueous waste streams.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Anodic oxidation of the dye materials methylene blue, acid blue 25, reactive blue 2 and reactive blue 15 and the characterisation of novel intermediate compounds in the anodic oxidation of methylene blue
Authors: Donaldson John D , Grimes Susan M , Yasri Nael G , Wheals Brian , Parrick John , Errington William E 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAnodic oxidation of the dye molecules, methylene blue, acid blue 25, reactive blue 2 and reactive blue 15 in chloride solution leads to colour destruction but UV and TOC data show that the oxidation reactions do not lead to complete destruction of the organic molecules. Analysis of the anodic oxidation products of [3,7‐bis (dimethylamino) phenothiazinium] chloride (methylene blue) in a chloride solution provides evidence for formation of seven neutral and two charged intermediates. The main intermediate is identified by its X‐ray diffraction crystal structure and accurate mass spectrometry as the novel leuco dye 4,6‐dichloro‐7‐dimethylamino‐3H‐phenothiazin‐3‐one, C14H10Cl2N2OS (I) formed by replacement of one of the dimethylamino groups of methylene blue with oxygen accompanied by regiospecific chlorination of the carbocyclic systems. The mass spectra of other intermediates formed are interpreted in terms of the structure of I.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Synaptic structure, distribution, and circuitry in the central nervous system of the locust and related insects
Authors: Watson Alan Hugh David , Schürmann Friedrich‐Wilhelm 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Orthopteran central nervous system has proved a fertile substrate for combined morphological and physiological studies of identified neurons. Electron microscopy reveals two major types of synaptic contacts between nerve fibres: chemical synapses (which predominate) and electrotonic (gap) junctions. The chemical synapses are characterized by a structural asymmetry between the pre‐ and postsynaptic electron dense paramembranous structures. The postsynaptic paramembranous density defines the extent of a synaptic contact that varies according to synaptic type and location in single identified neurons. Synaptic bars are the most prominent presynaptic element at both monadic and dyadic (divergent) synapses. These are associated with small electron lucent synaptic vesicles in neurons that are cholinergic or glutamatergic (round vesicles) or GABAergic (pleomorphic vesicles). Dense core vesicles of different sizes are indicative of the presence of peptide or amine transmitters. Synapses are mostly found on small‐diameter neuropilar branches and the number of synaptic contacts constituting a single physiological synapse ranges from a few tens to several thousand depending on the neurones involved. Some principles of synaptic circuitry can be deduced from the analysis of highly ordered brain neuropiles. With the light microscope, synaptic location can be inferred from the distribution of the presynaptic protein synapsin I. In the ventral nerve cord, identified neurons that are components of circuits subserving known behaviours, have been studied using electrophysiology in combination with light and electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry of neuroactive compounds. This has allowed the synaptic distribution of the major classes of neurone in the ventral nerve cord to be analysed within a functional context. Microsc. Res. Tech. 56:210–226, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fragile X mental retardation: Misregulation of protein synthesis in the developing brain?
Authors: Feng Yue 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFragile X mental retardation results from the absence of a selective RNA‐binding protein, FMRP. Previous studies demonstrated that FMRP forms messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes to associate with translating polyribosomes, suggesting that FMRP is involved in regulating protein synthesis. We are now facing the changing questions: How does FMRP influence protein synthesis in the brain? What is the target for FMRP in learning and memory? How does the absence of FMRP cause misregulation of protein synthesis, which in turn leads to mental impairment in fragile X syndrome? Models for abnormal neuronal function as a result of misregulated translation due to the absence of FMRP are discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech. 57:145–147, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure, heterologous expression, and adhesive properties of the P0‐like myelin glycoprotein IP1 of trout CNS
Authors: Lanwert C. , Jeserich G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe IP1 protein of trout CNS myelin as well as an IP1/P0chimeric protein were stably expressed in CHO cells. Successful targeting of the recombinant proteins to the membrane surface was verified by immunofluorescence staining. Full‐length expression of IP1 could be confirmed by Western blot analysis of proteins extracted from stably transfected CHO‐cells. The adhesive properties of IP1 were studied by an in vitro aggregation assay in which microscopic examination was combined with electronic particle counting. While IP1 conveyed only a weak increase in cell aggregation of transfected CHO cells, the IP1/P0 chimera was much more effective. In the presence of specific antibodies, cell aggregation was strongly reduced. The adhesive properties of P0‐like proteins are discussed considering recent crystallographic data on the atomic structure of the extracellular domain of mammalian P0. Microsc. Res. Tech. 52:637–644, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sexual differences and effect of photoperiod on melatonin receptor in avian brain
Authors: Aste Nicoletta , Cozzi Bruno , Stankov Bojidar , Panzica Giancarlo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral data suggest that melatonin may influence avian reproduction by acting at the level of the hypothalamic‐hypophisial‐gonadal axis, and/or on neural circuits controlling reproductive behaviours. The action of melatonin is exerted through specific receptors whose distribution and pharmacological properties have been extensively investigated. This review will focus on the distribution, sexual dimorphism, and dependence upon the photoperiod of melatonin binding sites in avian species with a special emphasis on Japanese quail. Melatonin receptors are widely distributed in avian brain. They are mostly present in the visual pathways of all the investigated species and in the song controlling nuclei of oscine birds. Sexual dimorphism of melatonin binding sites (higher density in males than in females) was detected in some telencephalic nuclei of songbirds, in the visual pathways, and in the preoptic area of quail. The last region plays a key role in the activation of male quail copulatory behaviour and it hosts a large population of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone‐containing neurons. Sexual dimorphism of melatonin‐binding sites in the above‐mentioned regions suggests a differential role for this hormone in the modulation of visual perception, gonadotropin production, and seasonally activated behaviours in male and female quail. Further studies are necessary to understand interrelationships among photic cues, gonadal steroids, density, and sexually dimorphic distribution of melatonin receptors. Microsc. Res. Tech. 55:37–47, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of melatonin in photoperiodic time measurement in the migratory redheaded bunting (Emberiza bruniceps) and the nonmigratory Indian weaver bird (Ploceus philippinus)
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Singh Sudhi , Misra Manju , Malik Shalie , Rani Sangeeta 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the present study, we asked the question whether physiological responses to day length of migratory redheaded bunting (Emberiza bruniceps) and nonmigratory Indian weaver bird (Ploceus philippinus) are mediated by the daily rhythm of melatonin. Melatonin was given either by injection at certain times of the day or as an implant. In series I experiments on the redheaded bunting, melatonin was administered by subcutaneous injections daily at zeitgeber time (ZT) 4 (morning) or ZT10 (evening) and by silastic capsules in photosensitive unstimulated buntings that were held in natural day lengths (NDL) at 27°N beginning from mid February, and in artificial day lengths (ADL, 12L:12D and 14L:10D). Melatonin did not affect the photoperiod‐induced cycles of gain and loss in body mass and testicular growth‐involution, but there was an effect on temporal phasing of the growth‐involution cycle of testes in some groups. For example, the rate of testicular growth and development was faster in birds that received melatonin injection at ZT4 in NDL, and was slower in birds that carried melatonin implants both in NDL and ADL. In series II experiments on Indian weaver birds, melatonin was given in silastic capsules in the first week of September when they still had large gonads. Birds were exposed for 12 weeks to short day length (8L:16D; group 1), to long day length (eight weeks of 16L:8D and four weeks of 18L:6D; group 2), or to both short and long day lengths (four weeks each of 8L:16D, 16L:8D, and 18L:6D; groups 3 and 4). Whereas groups 1 to 3 carried melatonin or empty implant from the beginning, group 4 received one after four weeks. All birds underwent testicular regression during the first four weeks irrespective of the photoperiod they were exposed to or the implant they carried in, and there was a slight re‐initiation of testis growth in some birds during the next eight weeks of long day lengths. However, with the exception of group 2, there was no difference in mean testis volume during the period of experiment between the melatonin‐ and empty‐implant birds. The data on androgen‐dependent beak color also supported the observations on testes. Together, these results do not support the idea that the daily rhythm of melatonin is involved in the photoperiodic time measurement in birds. However, there may still be a role of melatonin in temporal phasing of the annual reproductive cycle in birds. J. Exp. Zool. 292:277–286, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.