bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of spontaneous multisystem autoimmune disease and hypersensitivity to antibody‐induced inflammation in Fcγ receptor IIa–transgenic mice
Authors: Sardjono Caroline Tan , Mottram Patricia L. , Velde Nicholas C. van de , Powell Maree S. , Power David , Slocombe Ronald F. , Wicks Ian P. , Campbell Ian K. , McKenzie Steven E. , Brooks Mark , Stevenson Andrew W. , Hogarth P. Mark 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe major human Fc receptor, FcγRIIa, is the most widespread activating FcR. Our aim was to determine the role of FcγRIIa in a transgenic mouse model of immune complex–mediated autoimmunity and to characterize the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease.MethodsArthritis was induced in normal and FcγRIIa‐transgenic mice by immunization with type II collagen (CII) or by transfer of arthritogenic anti‐CII antibodies. Also, mice that spontaneously developed autoimmune disease were assessed by clinical scoring of affected limbs, histology and serology, and measurement of autoantibody titers and cytokine production.ResultsFcγRIIa‐transgenic mice developed collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) more rapidly than did archetypal CIA‐sensitive DBA/1 (H‐2q) mice, while nontransgenic C57BL/6 (H‐2b) mice did not develop CIA when similarly immunized. Passive transfer of a single dose of anti‐CII antibody induced a more rapid, severe arthritis in FcγRIIa‐transgenic mice than in nontransgenic animals. In addition, most immune complex–induced production of tumor necrosis factor α by activated macrophages occurred via FcγRIIa, not the endogenous mouse FcR. A spontaneous, multisystem autoimmune disease developed in aging (>20 weeks) transgenic mice (n = 25), with a 32% incidence of arthritis, and by 45 weeks, all mice had developed glomerulonephritis and pneumonitis, and most had antihistone antibodies. Elevated IgG2a levels were seen in mice with CIA and in those with spontaneous disease.ConclusionThe presence of enhanced passive and induced autoimmunity, as well as the emergence of spontaneous autoimmune disease at 20–45 weeks of age, suggest that FcγRIIa is a very important factor in the pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammation and a possible target for therapeutic intervention.
Modulation of CD28 expression with anti–tumor necrosis factor α therapy in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bryl Ewa , Vallejo Abbe N. , Matteson Eric L. , Witkowski Jacek M. , Weyand Cornelia M. , Goronzy Jorg J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe immune system of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the accumulation of CD4+ T cells deficient in CD28 expression and the up‐regulation of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Previous in vitro studies have shown that TNFα induces transcriptional silencing of the CD28 gene. Because reduced expression of CD28 in T cells compromises immunocompetence, we examined whether CD28 expression is reduced in patients with RA in vivo and whether the reduction is related to TNFα.MethodsPatients with RA and age‐matched individuals were recruited. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD28, TNF receptor I (TNFRI), and TNFRII, and analyzed by quantitative flow cytometry. The number of CD28 and TNFR molecules was monitored in a subgroup of patients with RA undergoing treatment with anti‐TNFα.ResultsIn addition to higher frequencies of CD28null T cells, patients with RA had significantly reduced numbers of CD28 and TNFRI molecules on CD4+,CD28+ T cells. Normal expression could be restored in vitro by overnight culture, suggesting that CD28 in patients was modulated by exogenous factors. In contrast, treatment with TNFα in vitro resulted in further down‐regulation. CD28 expression was normalized in patients undergoing TNFα‐neutralizing therapy.ConclusionOverproduction of TNFα in RA induces a global down‐regulation of CD28 in CD4+ T cells and may cause reduced sensitivity to costimulatory signals in T cell responses.
Is there an association between the use of different types of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and radiologic progression of osteoarthritis?: The rotterdam study
Authors: Reijman M. , Bierma‐Zeinstra S. M. A. , Pols H. A. P. , Koes B. W. , Stricker B. H. C. , Hazes J. M. W. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the influence of the use of various types of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on progression of osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and knee.MethodsIn 1,695 subjects (2,514 hips) and 635 subjects (874 knees) ages 55 years and older from the Rotterdam Study, radiographs of the hip and knee at baseline and followup (mean followup time 6.6 years) were evaluated. Radiologic OA (ROA) progression was defined as a minimum increase of 1 in the Kellgren/Lawrence grade or incident joint replacement at followup. The associations between the different types of NSAIDs and progression of ROA were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThose subjects who were receiving diclofenac >180 days had a 2.4‐fold increased risk (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.0–6.2) of progression of hip ROA and a 3.2‐fold increased risk (95% CI 1.0–9.9) of knee ROA, compared with those considered short‐term users (diclofenac for 1–30 days). These associations were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, baseline ROA, followup time, and defined daily dosage.ConclusionThese data suggest that diclofenac may induce accelerated progression of hip and knee ROA. Whether this occurs because of a true deleterious effect on cartilage or because of excessive mechanical loading on a hip following pain relief remains to be investigated.
Chronic arthritis down‐regulates peripheral μ‐opioid receptor expression with concomitant loss of endomorphin 1 antinociception
Authors: Li Zongming , Proud David , Zhang Chunfen , Wiehler Shahina , McDougall Jason J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether peripheral administration of the endogenous μ‐opioid peptide endomorphin 1 could reduce knee joint pain, using animal models of acute and chronic arthritis.MethodsExtracellular electrophysiologic recordings were made of rat knee joint primary afferent nerve activity in response to noxious hyperrotation of the joint. Neuronal activity was assessed before and following local injection of endomorphin 1. Comparisons were made between normal knees and knees with adjuvant‐induced monarthritis, tested at 48 hours and 1 week posttreatment. Expression of μ‐opioid receptors in the dorsal root ganglia ipsilateral to the chronically inflamed joints was determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis.ResultsIn normal knees, endomorphin 1 caused up to a 75% reduction in joint afferent nerve activity, which was blocked by the μ‐opioid receptor antagonist D‐Phe‐Cys‐Tyr‐D‐Trp‐Orn‐Thr‐Pen‐Thr‐amide. The inhibitory effect of endomorphin 1 was sustained in acutely inflamed knees. Conversely, in chronically inflamed joints, endomorphin 1 had no observable effect on the primary afferent nerve firing rate elicited by a noxious mechanical stimulus and, as such, was significantly different from the rate in normal joints. Immunohistochemical and real‐time PCR analysis of the L3–L5 dorsal root ganglia ipsilateral to the chronic arthritis lesion revealed a reduction in μ‐opioid receptor protein and gene expression compared with that in normal control animals.ConclusionTaken together, these results provide the first electrophysiologic evidence that selective activation of peripheral μ‐opioid receptors reduces normal knee joint mechanosensitivity to a noxious stimulus. Furthermore, the analgesic effect of endomorphin 1 is lost during chronic inflammation due to down‐regulation of μ‐opioid receptor expression in afferent nerve cell bodies. These findings begin to explain the ambiguous efficacy of peripherally administered μ‐opioid drugs in controlling chronic inflammatory joint pain.
Membrane chromatographic immunoassay method for rapid quantitative analysis of specific serum antibodies
Authors: Ghosh Raja 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper discusses a membrane chromatographic immunoassay method for rapid detection and quantitative analysis of specific serum antibodies. A type of polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membrane was used in the method for its ability to reversibly and specifically bind IgG antibodies from antiserum samples by hydrophobic interaction. Using this form of selective antibody binding and enrichment an affinity membrane with antigen binding ability was obtained in‐situ. This was done by passing a pulse of diluted antiserum sample through a stack of microporous PVDF membranes. The affinity membrane thus formed was challenged with a pulse of antigen solution and the amount of antigen bound was accurately determined using chromatographic methods. The antigen binding correlated well with the antibody loading on the membrane. This method is direct, rapid and accurate, does not involve any chemical reaction, and uses very few reagents. Moreover, the same membrane could be repeatedly used for sequential immunoassays on account of the reversible nature of the antibody binding. Proof of concept of this method is provided using human hemoglobin as model antigen and rabbit antiserum against human hemoglobin as the antibody source. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of water activity on the lipase catalyzed esterification of geraniol in ionic liquid [bmim]PF6
Authors: Barahona Donifan , Pfromm Peter H. , Rezac Mary E. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractEnzymatic reactions in non‐aqueous media have been shown to be effective in carrying out chemical transformation where the reactants are insoluble in water or water is a byproduct limiting conversion. Ionic liquids, liquid organic salts with infinitesimal vapor pressure, are potentially useful alternatives to organic solvents. It is known that the thermodynamic water activity is an important variable affecting the activity of enzymes in non‐aqueous solvents. This study investigated the influence of water activity on the esterification of geraniol with acetic acid in ionic liquid [bmim]PF6 catalyzed by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B. The conversion of geraniol in [bmim]PF6 was significant although the reaction rate was slower than in organic solvents. The profile of initial reaction rate‐water activity was determined experimentally, and differed from the data reported for other non‐aqueous solvents. A maximum in the initial reaction rate was found at aw = 0.6. The pseudo reaction equilibrium constant, Kx, was measured experimentally for the reaction. The average value of Kx in [bmim]PF6 was 12, 20‐fold lower than the value reported for the same system in hexane. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of 9‐ and 27‐Armed Tetrakis(diperoxotungsto)phosphate‐Cored Dendrimers and Their Use as Recoverable and Reusable Catalysts in the Oxidation of Alkenes, Sulfides, and Alcohols with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Nlate Sylvain , Plault Lauriane , Astruc Didier 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA series of 3‐ and 9‐armed dendrons, functionalized at the focal position to quaternary ammonium salts, were synthesized and characterized. The reaction of these ammonium dendrons with the heteropolyacid H3PW12O40 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide led to a family of 9‐ and 27‐armed air‐stable polyoxometalate (POM)‐cored dendrimers containing a catalytically active trianionic POM species [PO4{WO(O2)2}4]3− in the core. These POM‐cored dendrimers are air‐stable, efficient, recoverable, and reusable catalysts for the selective oxidation of alkenes to epoxides, sulfides to sulfones, and alcohols to ketones, in an aqueous/CDCl3 biphasic system with hydrogen peroxide as the primary oxidant. A study of the countercation effects showed that the dendritic structure increased the stability of the POM species and facilitated the recovery of the catalyst up to the eighth cycle, whereas the increased bulkiness around the POM center led to a negative kinetic dendritic effect. Within the 9‐armed POM‐cored dendrimer series, the reaction kinetics were susceptible to the nature of the peripheral endgroups. Indeed, the 9‐armed n‐propyl‐terminated POM‐cored dendrimer was identified as the most active catalyst. In addition, the results obtained with POM‐cored dendrimers versus tetraalkylammonium POMs ({[n‐(C8H17)3NCH3]+}3[PO4{WO(O2)2}4]3− and [{nC18H37(75 %) + nC16H33(25 %)]2N(CH3)2}+]3[PO4{WO(O2)2}4]3−) clearly reveal that the dendritic structures are more stable than their nondendritic counterparts. After the reactions were complete, the dendrimer catalysts were easily recovered and recycled without a discernable lost of activity, whereas attempts to recover tetraalkylammonium POMs gave unsatisfactory results. A significant advantage of the dendritic structures is that they enable the recovery and recyclability of the POM catalyst, in contrast to the other tetraalkylammonium POMs.
Concise Approach to the “Higher Sugar” Core of the Nucleoside Antibiotic Hikizimycin
Authors: Fürstner Alois , Wuchrer Margarita 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA highly productive synthesis of phenylthio glycoside 33 is described which constitutes a fully functional surrogate for the hikosamine core of hikizimycin 1, a complex nucleoside antibiotic endowed with promising anthelmintic properties. The chosen approach to this undecose derivative starts from mannofuranose 7 which was one‐carbon homologated to alkyne 8 in one step on treatment with lithio (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane. Alkynyl iodide 12 derived from 8 was combined with the tartrate‐derived aldehyde 17 by a Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi reaction that can either be performed using overstoichiometric amounts of CrCl2 or by means of a catalytic manifold based on the turnover of a cat. CrCl2/chlorosilane/manganese redox couple. Semi‐hydrogenation of the resulting alkyne 18 to (Z)‐olefin 19 required the use of Pd/C as the catalyst, whereas conventional Lindlar reduction was unsatisfactory. Attempted cis‐dihydroxylation of alkene 22 (formed from 19 by a Mitsunobu reaction with phthalimide) by using catalytic amounts of OsO4 and NMO as the stoichiometric oxidant essentially failed, whereas a stoichiometric osmylation afforded the stable osmate ester 26 a as a single diastereomer. Since the use of OsO4 in stoichiometric amounts deemed inappropriate for a total synthesis project, recourse was taken to catalytic “Blitz dihydroxylation” with RuO4 in the presence of FeCl2⋅4 H2O as co‐catalyst. Application of these conditions to alkene 30 bearing a free aldehyde function at the terminus of the “higher sugar” chain furnished pyranose 32 in good yield and excellent diastereoselectivity, which was converted into the targeted thioglycoside 33 on treatment with PhSSPh/Et3P. It is particularly noteworthy that the conformational constraints of the acyclic substrate 30 enforce the dihydroxylation to violate Kishi's empirical rule for transformations of this type.
Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Addition of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds to an Allene Derivative
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Simas Alessandro B. C. , Plietker Bernd , Jäkel Christoph , Xie Jia 
Published: September 2005

AbstractEnhancing atom economy of the metal‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) shifts from the usual nucleophilic displacement of a leaving group to an addition of a pronucleophile to a double bond. Using 1‐alkoxyallenes as proelectrophiles, the palladium‐catalyzed AAA proceeds with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds as pronucleophiles with excellent regioselectivity and enantiomeric excess under optimized conditions. The pH of the medium proved crucial for reactivity/selectivity. By using the more acidic Meldrum's acids, the reactions required a co‐catalytic amount of Brønsted acid, such as trifluoroacetic acid. Single regioisomeric products of 82–99 % ee were obtained. On the other hand, the less acidic 1,3‐diketones failed to react under such conditions. The fact that a less acidic acid like benzoic acid sufficed, suggested the need for general base catalysis as well. Thus, a mixture of triethylamine and benzoic acid proved optimal (ee's 93–99). Employment of the (R,R)‐phenyl Trost ligand gave a product with S configuration. A model to rationalize the results has been developed.
Seismic performance and new design procedure for chevron‐braced frames
Authors: Marino Edoardo M. , Nakashima Masayoshi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe paper is concerned with the seismic design of steel‐braced frames in which the braces are configured in a chevron pattern. According to EuroCode 8 (EC8), the behaviour factorq, which allows for the trade‐off between the strength and ductility, is set at 2.5 for chevron‐braced frames, while 6.5 is assigned for most ductile steel moment‐resisting frames. Strength deterioration in post‐buckling regime varies with the brace's slenderness, but EC8 adopts a uniqueqvalue irrespective of the brace slenderness. The study focuses on reevaluation of theqvalue adequate for the seismic design of chevron‐braced frames. The present EC8 method for the calculation of brace strength supplies significantly different elastic stiffnesses and actual strengths for different values of brace slenderness. A new method to estimate the strength of a chevron brace pair is proposed, in which the yield strength (for the brace in tension) and the post‐buckling strength (for the brace in compression) are considered. The new method ensures an identical elastic stiffness and a similar strength regardless of the brace slenderness. The advantage of the proposed method over the conventional EC8 method is demonstrated for the capacity of the proposed method to control the maximum inter‐storey drift. Theqvalues adequate for the chevron‐braced frames are examined in reference to the maximum inter‐storey drifts sustained by most ductile moment‐resisting frames. When the proposed method is employed for strength calculation, theqvalue of 3.5 is found to be reasonable. It is notable that the proposed method does not require larger cross‐sections for the braces compared to the cross‐sections required for the present EC8 method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel predictor–corrector algorithm for sub‐structure pseudo‐dynamic testing
Authors: Ghaboussi J. , Yun G. J. , Hashash Y. M. A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA new predictor–corrector (P–C) method for multi‐site sub‐structure pseudo‐dynamic (PSD) test is proposed. This method is a mixed time integration method in which computational components separable from experimental components are solved by implicit time integration method (Newmark β method). The experiments are performed quasi‐statically based on explicit prediction of displacement. The proposed P–C method has an important advantage as it does not require the determination of the initial stiffness values of experimental components and is thus suitable for representing elastic and inelastic systems. A parameter relating to quality of displacement prediction at boundaries nodes is introduced. This parameter is determined such that P–C method can be applicable to many practical problems. Error‐propagation characteristics of P–C method are also presented. A series of examples including linear and non‐linear soil–foundation–structure interaction problem demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An immersed boundary method for incompressible flows using volume of body function
Authors: Pan Dartzi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA simple and effective immersed boundary method using volume of body (VOB) function is implemented on unstructured Cartesian meshes. The flow solver is a second‐order accurate implicit pressure‐correction method for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The domain inside the immersed body is viewed as being occupied by the same fluid as outside with a prescribed divergence‐free velocity field. Under this view a fluid–body interface is similar to a fluid–fluid interface encountered in the volume of fluid (VOF) method for the two‐fluid flow problems. The body can thus be identified by the VOB function similar to the VOF function. In fluid–body interface cells the velocity is obtained by a volume‐averaged mixture of body and fluid velocities. The pressure inside the immersed body satisfies the same pressure Poisson equation as outside. To enhance stability and convergence, multigrid methods are developed to solve the difference equations for both pressure and velocity. Various steady and unsteady flows with stationary and moving bodies are computed to validate and to demonstrate the capability of the current method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring the effects of work loss on productivity with team production
Authors: Nicholson Sean , Pauly Mark V. , Polsky Daniel , Sharda Claire , Szrek Helena , Berger Marc L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractUsing data from a survey of 800 managers in 12 industries, we find empirical support for the hypothesis that the cost associated with missed work varies across jobs according to the ease with which a manager can find a perfect replacement for the absent worker, the extent to which the worker functions as part of a team, and the time sensitivity of the worker's output. We then estimate wage ‘multipliers’ for 35 different jobs, where the multiplier is defined as the cost to the firm of an absence as a proportion (often greater than one) of the absent worker's daily wage. The median multiplier is 1.28, which supports the view that the cost to the firm of missed work is often greater than the wage. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the dark rim artifact in dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI myocardial perfusion studies
Authors: Di Bella E.V.R. , Parker D.L. , Sinusas A.J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA dark band or rim along parts of the subendocardial border of the left ventricle (LV) and the myocardium has been noticed in some dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR perfusion studies. The artifact is thought to be due to susceptibility effects from the gadolinium bolus, motion, or resolution, or a combination of these. Here motionless ex vivo hearts in which the cavity was filled with gadolinium are used to show that dark rim artifacts can be consistent with resolution effects alone. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multitensor approach for analysis and tracking of complex fiber configurations
Authors: Kreher B. W. , Schneider J. F. , Mader I. , Martin E. , Hennig J. , Il'yasov K. A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA multidiffusion‐tensor model (MDT) is presented containing two anisotropic and one isotropic diffusion tensors. This approach has the ability to detect areas of fiber crossings and resolve the direction of crossing fibers. The mean diffusivity and the ratio of the tensor compartments were merged to one independent parameter by fitting MDT to the diffusion‐weighted intensities of a two‐point data acquisition scheme. By an F‐test between the errors of the standard single diffusion tensor and the more complex MDT, fiber crossings were detected and the more accurate model was chosen voxel by voxel. The performance of crossing detection was compared with the spherical harmonics approach in simulations as well as in vivo. Similar results were found in both methods. The MDT model, however, did not only detect crossings but also yielded the single fiber directions. The FACT algorithm and a probabilistic connectivity algorithm were extended to support the MDT model. For example, a mean angular error smaller than 10 degrees was found for the MDT model in a simulated fiber crossing with an SNR of 80. By tracking the corticospinal tract the MDT‐based tracks reached a significantly greater area of the gyrus precentralis. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.