bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CareSearch: finding and evaluating Australia's missing palliative care literature
Authors: Tieman Jennifer J , Abernethy Amy P , Fazekas Belinda S , Currow David C 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
Palliative care is an evolving specialty with a growing evidence base. However, evidence is less accessible than it could be with a lower than average conversion of conference abstracts to articles in peer-reviewed journals and the need for more accessible tools to support evidence-based practice (EBP) in palliative care. The CareSearch project involved identifying, collecting and evaluating Australia's "grey" palliative care literature and identifying international published literature missing from the electronic indexing systems. The literature was then catalogued and made publicly available through the CareSearch website.

Results
To date over 2,500 items have been included in the CareSearch database and can be accessed and searched through a publicly available website. Nearly 2,000 items are conference abstracts and 178 are theses or government, organisational and planning documents. A further 410 items relate to articles from palliative journals that are not indexed on a major bibliographic database. The website also provides tools and facilities to support palliative care practice and research.

Conclusion
CareSearch is a new evidence resource for palliative practitioners, educators and researchers. The palliative community now has access to a more comprehensive literature base as well as a resource that supports the integration of knowledge into practice. This specialised data repository enables users to access information on the body of work that has shaped palliative care development and prevents the potential loss or duplication of research work. It also provides a template for other emerging disciplines to use in capturing their literature and evidence.
Usefulness of five-item and three-item Mental Health Inventories to screen for depressive symptoms in the general population of Japan
Authors: Yamazaki Shin , Fukuhara Shunichi , Green Joseph 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
The five-question Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) is a brief questionnaire that can be used to screen for depressive symptoms. Removing the 2 anxiety-related items from the MHI-5 yields the MHI-3. We assessed the performance of the Japanese versions of the MHI-5 and MHI-3 in detecting depressive symptoms in the general population of Japan.

Methods
From the population of Japan, 4500 people 16 years old or older were selected by stratified-random sampling. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36, which includes the MHI-5) and the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) were included in a self-administered questionnaire. ZSDS scores of 48 and above were taken to indicate the presence of moderate or severe depressive symptoms, and scores of 56 and above were taken to indicate the presence of severe depressive symptoms. We computed the correlation coefficient between the ZSDS score and the scores on the MHI-5 and MHI-3. We also computed the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results
Of the 3107 subjects (69% of the 4500 initially selected), 14.0% had moderate or severe depressive symptoms, and 2.0% had severe depressive symptoms as measured with the ZSDS. The correlations of ZSDS scores with MHI-5 scores and with MHI-3 scores were similar: -0.63 and -0.61, respectively. These correlation coefficients were almost the same whether or not the data were stratified by age and sex. For detecting severe depressive symptoms with the MHI-5, the area under the ROC curve was 0.942 (95%CI: 0.919 – 0.965); for the MHI-3, it was 0.933 (95%CI: 0.904 – 0.962).

Conclusion
The MHI-5 and MHI-3 scores were correlated with the ZSDS score, and can be used to identify people with depressive symptoms in the general population of Japan.
Hyperprolactinemia after laparoscopic ovarian drilling: An unknown phenomenon
Authors: Parsanezhad Mohammad E , Alborzi Saeed , Zolghadril Jaleh , Parsa-Nezhad Maryam , Keshavarzi Gholamreza , Omrani Gholamhossein R , Schmidt Ernst H 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
The effects of ovarian drilling on the serum levels of gonadotropins and androgens have been studied previously. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of ovarian drilling on the serum prolactin levels and its relation to ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Methods
This is a prospective controlled study. Thirty-six women with PCOS underwent ovarian electrocauterization in university hospitals. Control group consisted of 35 ovulatory women with unexplained infertility. Hormonal assessment performed in early follicular phase of spontaneous or induced cycle before operation in the two groups and repeated one week after operation. Hormonal assay was also performed in the early follicular phase of the first post-operative menstruation, folliculometry and progesterone assay were also performed in the same cycle. Data were analyzed by "repeated measurement design, discriminant analysis, correlation coefficient, and Fisher exact test".

Results
Six to ten weeks after operation the serum mean +/- SD prolactin levels increased from 284.41 +/- 114.32 mIU/ml to 354.06 +/- 204.42 mIU/ml (P = 0.011). The same values for the control group were 277.73 +/- 114.65 to 277.4 +/- 111.4 (P = 0.981) respectively. Approximately 45% of subjects in PCOS group remained anovulatory in spite of decreased level of LH and testosterone. Prolactin level remained elevated in 73.2% of women who did not ovulate 6–10 weeks after the procedure.

Conclusion
Hyperprolactinemia after ovarian cauterization may be considered as a possible cause of anovulation in women with polycystic ovaries and improved gonadotropin and androgen levels. The cause of hyperprolactinemia is unknown. Hormonal assay particularly PRL in anovulatory patients after ovarian cauterization is recommended.
Maintaining Normal Hemoglobin Levels With Epoetin Alfa in Mainly Nonanemic Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Receiving First-Line Chemotherapy: A Survival Study
Authors: Leyland-Jones Brian , Semiglazov Vladimir , Pawlicki Marek , Pienkowski Tadeusz , Tjulandin Sergei , Manikhas George , Makhson Antoly , Roth Anton , Dodwell David , Baselga Jose , Biakhov Mikhail , Valuckas Konstantinas , Voznyi Edouard , Liu Xiangyang , Vercammen Els 
Published: August 2005

Purpose To evaluate the effect on survival and quality of life of maintaining hemoglobin (Hb) in the range of 12 to 14 g/dL with epoetin alfa versus placebo in women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) receiving first-line chemotherapy. Patients and Methods Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive epoetin alfa 40,000 U once weekly or placebo for 12 months. Study drug was initiated if baseline Hb was ≤ 13 g/dL or when Hb decreased to ≤ 13g/dL during the study. The primary end point was 12-month overall survival (OS). Results The study drug administration was stopped early in accordance with a recommendation from the Independent Data Monitoring Committee because of higher mortality in the group treated with epoetin alfa. Enrollment had been completed, with 939 patients enrolled (epoetin alfa, n = 469; placebo, n = 470). Most patients had Hb more than 12 g/dL at baseline (median Hb, 12.8 g/dL) or during the study. From the final analysis, 12-month OS was 70% for epoetin alfa recipients and 76% for placebo recipients (P = .01). Optimal tumor response and time to disease progression were similar between groups. The reason for the difference in mortality between groups could not be determined from additional subsequent analyses involving both study data and chart review. Conclusion In this trial, the use of epoetin alfa to maintain high Hb targets in women with MBC, most of whom did not have anemia at the start of treatment, was associated with decreased survival. Additional research is required to clarify the potential impact of erythropoietic agents on survival when the Hb target range is 10 to 12 g/dL.
Prognostic Importance of Preoperative CA-125 in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage I Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: An Australian Multicenter Study
Authors: Paramasivam Sellva , Tripcony Lee , Crandon Alex , Quinn Micheal , Hammond Ian , Marsden Donald , Proietto Anthony , Davy Margaret , Carter Jonathan , Nicklin James , Perrin Lewis , Obermair Andreas 
Published: August 2005

Purpose To evaluate the prognostic significance of preoperative CA-125 levels on overall survival of patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Patients and Methods Data from 518 patients with FIGO stage I EOC treated in seven gynecologic oncology centers throughout Australia between 1990 and 2002 were analyzed. Patients with borderline tumors and nonepithelial ovarian carcinomas were excluded, as were women in whom CA-125 had not been determined preoperatively. Preoperative CA-125 levels were studied in surgically staged and incompletely staged patients and compared with prognostic factors, such as substage, grade, and histologic type. Multivariate Cox models were calculated. Results CA-125 levels more than 30 U/mL were associated with higher grade, substage 1B and 1C, nonmucinous histologic type, and older age. In univariate analysis, higher histologic grade, the absence of surgical staging, and preoperative CA-125 levels more than 30 U/mL were associated with impaired survival. Multivariate analysis identified histologic grade, preoperative CA-125, and surgical staging as independent predictors for survival. In the subgroup of completely surgically staged patients, the 5-year overall survival rate was 82% (95% CI, 76% to 88%) for patients with CA-125 levels more than 30 U/mL and 95% (95% CI, 90% to 99%) for patients with CA-125 levels of 30 U/mL or less (P = .028). In the group of incompletely staged patients, the 5-year survival rates were similar for patients with elevated and normal serum CA-125 levels. Conclusion Complete surgical staging, histologic grade, and preoperative serum CA-125 levels are independent prognostic factors and should be included in the decision making for chemotherapy.
Decing Salt-Scaling Resistance: Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Concrete Containing up to 70 % Class C and Class F Fly Ash
Authors: Naik TR , Kraus RN , Ramme BW , Chun Y-M 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Laboratory mixtures, pilot mixtures, and field construction mixtures were made to evaluate salt-scaling resistance of concrete incorporating large amounts of either Class C fly ash obtained from several different sources or Class F fly ash. The laboratory mixtures that incorporated Class C fly ash up to a fly ash to cementitious materials ratio (FA/Cm) of 60 % by mass exhibited very slight to moderate scaling. Results from the pilot mixtures indicate that it is possible to produce structural-grade, salt-scaling resistant concrete using up to 56 % Class C fly ash. Specimens of a field mixture containing 50 % Class C fly ash showed moderate to severe scaling, and specimens of a field concrete with 40 % Class F fly ash showed slight to moderate scaling. These field mixtures exhibited satisfactory salt-scaling resistance in actual pavements. Comparisons of strength and scaling results suggest that it would be beneficial to allow sufficient time for high-volume fly ash concrete to develop strength before it is subjected to salt-scaling actions.
Modeling of Three-Dimensional Effects on Fatigue Crack Closure Processes in Small-Scale Yielding
Authors: Dodds RH , Roychowdhury S 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
In ductile metals, plasticity-induced closure of fatigue cracks often retards significantly measured crack growth rates in the Paris regime and contributes strongly to the observed R-ratio effect in experimental data. This work describes a similarity scaling relationship based on the 3D small-scale yielding framework wherein the thickness, B, defines the only geometric length-scale of the model. Dimensional analysis suggests a scaling relationship for the crack opening loads relative to the maximum cyclic loads (Kop/Kmax) governed by the non-dimensional load parameter ) governed by the non-dimensional load parameter = Kmax/σ0 √B, i.e., a measure of the in-plane plastic zone size normalized by the thickness. Both Kop and Kmax refer to remotely applied values of the mode I stress-intensity factor. Large-scale, 3D finite element analyses described here demonstrate that Kop/Kmax values vary strongly across the crack front in thin sheets but remain unchanged when values vary strongly across the crack front in thin sheets but remain unchanged when Kmax, B, and σ0 vary to maintain = constant. The paper also includes results to demonstrate that the scaling relationship holds for non-zero values of the T-stress (which affect the Kop/Kmax values) and for an overload interspersed in the otherwise constant amplitude cycles. The present results focus on values) and for an overload interspersed in the otherwise constant amplitude cycles. The present results focus on R = Kmin/Kmax = 0 loading, although the scaling relationship has been demonstrated to hold for other = 0 loading, although the scaling relationship has been demonstrated to hold for other R &gt; 0 loadings as well. The new similarity scaling relationship makes possible more realistic estimates of crack closure loads for a very wide range of practical conditions from just a few analyses of the type described here.
Selection of Material for Welded Steel Structures Based on Fracture Mechanics
Authors: Höhler S , Sedlacek G 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The European technical rules for the design of steel structures (Eurocode 3) offer a method to select steels to avoid brittle fracture. This concept is available for members subject to fatigue loads and is based on a safety assessment using fracture mechanics, applying stress intensity factors (K-concept). In order to extend these rules to members with predominant static loads, investigations have been carried out for typical details as used in buildings, both experimentally and theoretically. The details investigated were welded connections of solid bars or I-profiles with slotted gusset plates. The experimental studies included large scale tests using test specimens with initial cracks at locations of high stress concentrations. For the theoretical studies, the K-concept was applied. Formulae for K-requirements were developed for such details with numerical simulations using BE- (Boundary Element-) methods. The results allow an extension of the rules in Eurocode 3.
Crack Initiation, Propagation, and Arrest in 316L Model Pipe Components under Thermal Fatigue
Authors: Paffumi E , Nilsson K-F , Taylor N , Hurst R , Bache M 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
There is a continuing need for reliable thermal fatigue analysis tools to ensure that high safety levels are maintained in the main coolant lines of light water reactors. As a contribution to this effort, a combined experimental and numerical investigation has been conducted on cylindrical components of 316L stainless steel subjected to cyclic thermal shocks of varying intensity. It exploits a dedicated rig in which the tubular test pieces are subjected to induction heating and water quenching. Under the applied loading, a network of cracks initiates at the inner surface; some of these propagate further through the wall thickness. The number of cycles to crack initiation is estimated from surface replicas taken during intermittent stops, whereas the crack depth of fatigue cracks is measured using an ultrasound time of flight diffraction technique (TOFD). The analysis is done by a sequentially coupled thermal-stress finite element analysis using a cyclic plasticity model. Predictions of the crack initiation life (based on crack initiation curves as well as crack propagation models for microstructurally short cracks) are in good agreement with the test results. Crack propagation for small fatigue cracks was estimated by plastic strain amplitude based propagation formulas, whereas long crack propagation is analyzed by Paris law type criteria using ΔK as well as ΔCTOD.
Simulation of Fatigue Crack Propagation in Railway Axles
Authors: Beretta S , Carboni M 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The need for optimizing inspection intervals of wheelsets has led to increasing attention to those of railway axles. This paper addresses this issue by comparing predictions obtained by an EPFM model and two widely used fatigue crack growth softwares (namely AFGROW and NASGRO) with a set of propagation data derived from small and full-scale specimens made of 30NiCrMoV12, a high strength steel used for railway axles. Comparisons, made under constant amplitude and block loading, support the application of the considered fatigue crack growth algorithms to the estimation of inspection intervals.
The Effect of Negative Stress Ratio Load History on High Cycle Fatigue Threshold
Authors: Golden PJ , Nicholas T 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe objective of this research was to measure the load history effects of negative stress ratio loading on the high cycle fatigue (HCF) crack growth threshold of Ti-6Al-4V. Previous work has shown an increase in the HCF threshold that is dependent on the Kmax during the low cycle fatigue loading that nucleated a crack. The increase in fatigue limit was attributed to an overload effect from the LCF loading and was quantified through the use of a simple overload model. On the contrary, evidence from R = −1 testing suggests that negative overloads, referred to as underloads, may reduce this Kmax load history effect and even lower the threshold below long crack values. To investigate this further, smooth and notched Ti-6Al-4V specimens were pre-loaded in fatigue below their endurance limit at stresses expected to nucleate cracks in approximately 10 million and 100 000 cycles, respectively, and at stress ratios of −3.5 and −3, respectively. Although the smooth specimens could not be monitored for crack nucleation, the notched specimens allowed the use of an infrared damage detection system to monitor the localized region at the notch root for indications of crack nucleation. These cracked specimens were then heat tinted, and several were also stress relieved to remove load history effects. All of the preloaded specimens were then HCF step tested to determine the fatigue limit stress or threshold. Although the smooth bars showed little effect due to the preloading at negative R, the threshold results on the notched specimens that developed measurable cracks seem to show competing effects of underloading and Kmax overloading, dependent somewhat on precrack length. The specimens with smaller cracks nucleated at R = −3 tend to have a reduced HCF threshold compared to the conventional long crack threshold. Short crack effects and load-history effects are quantitatively explained with the aid of a Kitagawa diagram with an El Haddad short crack correction.
How Fast Do Winter Sports Participants Travel on Alpine Slopes?
Authors: Shealy JE , Ettlinger CF , Johnson RJ 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
This study was developed to empirically determine the impact of the following variables on the speeds of skiers and snowboarders: activity [skiing versus snowboarding], visibility [clear and sunny sky versus cloudy, overcast conditions], type of resort [day, destination, or combination], and helmets [use or not of helmet]. The study also evaluated differences in speed between males and females and the ability of subjects to estimate their speed.
The authors measured the speed of some 650 individuals at three different ski resorts in the U.S. during the winter of 2002/2003. One resort was primarily a destination resort in Utah, one was a day area in New York, and the third resort in Vermont had a combination of destination and day skiers. The speeds were determined by means of a calibrated radar speed gun. Speeds were gathered on consecutive skiers and snowboarders as they were observed from an uphill, looking downhill position. The speed recorded was the highest speed observed during a several second interval while the observed person went through several turns as the skiers and snowboarders moved away from the observer. All observations were made on wide, straight, well-groomed ‘blue square’ (more difficult) trails. The slopes ranged from 16–20° in steepness.
The average speed for all observations was 43.0 km/h (26.7 mph), with a standard deviation of 11.2 km/h (7.0 mph). The average speed for skiers of 44.5 km/h (27.6 mph) was significantly higher than that for snowboarders at 38.9 km/h (24.1 mph). The average speed under good visibility of 46.7 km/h (29.0 mph) was significantly higher than for poor visibility conditions at 38.3 km/h (23.7 mph). The average speed for helmet users of 45.8 km/h (28.4 mph) was significantly higher than those not using a helmet at 41.0 km/h (25.4 mph). Males ski and snowboard significantly faster than females. Skiers and snowboarders are fair at estimating their speed (r = 0.56), but they tend to underestimate their speeds the faster they go; for example, at an actual 48 km/h (30 mph), they estimate that they are traveling at 37 km/h (23 mph).
The observed speeds are well above the speeds (22.6 km/h, or 14.0 mph) used for ASTM F 2040 helmet testing protocols for recreational snow sports helmets.
Fluorescence Imaging for Investigating the Efficiency of Formulations, Adjuvants, and Application Systems
Authors: de Ruiter H , van der Schoor R , Jalink H 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSeveral herbicides reduce, directly or indirectly, the efficiency of photosynthesis of plants. As a consequence, the fluorescence of the chlorophyll increases. The relative increase of fluorescence [(Fm-F0)/Fm] can be used to compare the influence of formulations and adjuvants on the activity of herbicides. This procedure allows the accurate and non-destructive screening of sprayed plants in the first minutes and hours after treatment. A new development is the automated imaging and quantification of the relative increase of fluorescence at the whole plant level. Use of a robot-arm enables a laser-camera to take pictures of the chlorophyll fluorescence of different plants with short time intervals between plants. This procedure makes it possible to screen hundreds of plants simultaneously. Individual pictures can be used, or pictures can be used to compose a video demonstrating the dynamics of the herbicide action. The potency of this technology for monitoring bentazon, glufosinate and glyphosate action is demonstrated. In addition to investigating the influence of formulations and adjuvants on herbicide activity, the fluorescence imaging technology can be used to monitor phytotoxicity of formulations and spray application parameters like water volume and drop size.
Applications of Ether Amine Surfactants in Agricultural Formulations: The Known and Unexplored
Authors: Lei Y 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Ether amines, ether amine alkoxylates, and their derivatives have found increased use as agricultural surfactants in the past decade. Most of the documented applications of ether amine surfactants have been limited to glyphosate formulations, where ether amine ethoxylates, oxides, and quats have been demonstrated to be excellent adjuvants. Because of regulatory status and availability, their application potentials in agricultural formulations have not been fully explored. In this paper, we will review the unique physical properties of ether amines and amine ethoxylates and their applications as agricultural adjuvants. The potentials of these molecules in other formulations will be explored with exemplary formulations.