bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights Through Border Measures
Authors: Vrins Olivier , Schneider Marius 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book is a practical guide on anti-counterfeiting and anti-piracy measures at the borders of the enlarged European Community. It deals with all aspects of ‘border measures’ under Regulation (EC) 1383/2003. As well as providing a thorough description of the implementation of the new regime, the publication also fills in the gaps by including areas of national law, thus providing a coherent overview of the application of the current regime of border measures in place within the European Union. The main topics addressed are: (i) the general background behind the phenomena of counterfeiting and piracy in Europe (by Prof. Michael Blakeney); (ii) the international legal framework for border measures (Paris Convention, Berne Convention, TRIPS, WIPO Model Provisions, etc.) (by Prof. Daniel Gervais), as well as (EC) Regulation 1383/2003, Implementing Regulation 1891/2004 and the case law of the European Court of Justice (by Mr Schneider and Mr Vrins); (iii) the main part of the book is devoted to national reports on the application of border measures in all 25 Member Countries of the European Community; (iv) the last Chapter of the book highlights the similarities and differences in the approaches adopted by the Member States when faced with infringements of intellectual property rights at the borders, and attempts to emphasize how these are relevant to right-holders when defining their strategies in the fight against such infringements. This manual is the very first English language publication dealing with the practical application of Regulation 1383/2003 in all 25 Member Countries of the European Community.
The Phenomenon Of Counterfeiting And Piracy In The European Union: Factual Overview And Legal And Institutional Framework
Authors: Blakeney Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In developed countries, there is good evidence that intellectual property is, and has been, important for the promotion of invention in some industrial sectors, particularly the pharmaceutical, chemical, and petroleum industries as well as biotechnology and some components of information technology. Copyright has also proven essential for the music, film, and publishing industries. For developing countries, the nurturing of indigenous technological capacity through the intellectual property system has also proved to be a key determinant of economic growth and poverty reduction.
Cyprus
Authors: Markides Alecos , Markides Hermione A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Control of Free Circulation of Counterfeit and Pirated Goods Law 2002 (‘Law 31(I) of 2002’),was adopted in 2002 in order to honour an obligation undertaken by the Republic of Cyprus during negotiations to prepare for its accession to the European Union. The object of this Law was the proper incorporation into the legal order of Cyprus of the following Community Acts:Commission Regulation (EC) 1367/95, as amended.
Estonia
Authors: Koitel Raivo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Prior to the entry into force of EC Regulation 1383/2003(‘the Regulation’), the Customs Codeand the Act on the Prevention of Import and Export of Goods Infringing Intellectual Property Rightswere in force in Estonia. The Customs Code was limited solely to pirated and counterfeit goods, whilst the Act on the Prevention of Import and Export of Goods Infringing Intellectual Property Rights, which came into force on 1 September 2001, also covered patents, utility models, and layout topographies of integrated circuits.
Finland
Authors: Juthström Bernt , Harsu Johanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Finland plays a special role in the fight against counterfeiting and pirated goods due to its geographic location at the Russian border. The territory of Finland is increasingly used for transit to infiltrate both the European and Russian markets with illegal products. The approach of the national customs authorities to anti-counterfeiting measures has been very effective and Finnish Customs is internationally recognized as an authority that is highly motivated to reduce trade in infringing goods.
Latvia
Authors: Uzulena Mara , Merzvinskis Gatis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since 1991, Latvia has undergone profound political, social, and economical changes, including the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy. Having started from scratch, Latvia has established an efficient legislative system in all fields of social life, including intellectual property. Shortly after regaining independence in 1991, appropriate legislation governing intellectual property rights as well as their protection was adopted in Latvia.
Malta
Authors: Tonna David , Camilleri Antoine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The regulation of border measures under Maltese law, in the fight against counterfeiting, commenced back in the year 2000 with the promulgation by the Maltese Parliament of a law entitled Intellectual Property Rights (Cross-Border Measures) Law.The scope behind this Law was that of establishing measures relating to the importation into Malta, and exportation and re-exportation from Malta, of goods in contravention of intellectual property rights.
Portugal
Authors: Rato Gonçalo Moreira , Cruz Nuno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Portugal traditionally follows the legislative system of codification. It is therefore no surprise that Portuguese national legislation in the field of intellectual property is included in only two codes, as well as a few other individual laws governing specific aspects of copyright. This is the case particularly of the industrial property legislation, which is totally compiled into a single law, known as the Código da Propriedade Industrial (‘Industrial Property Code’).
Intellectual Property: Borders And Crossroads An overview of the issues
Authors: Phillips Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The authors of the substantive chapters of this book have prepared a thorough and detailed analysis of the legal provisions governing the interception of infringing products at the borders of the European Union. This chapter will not duplicate any of that material. Instead it will attempt, by saying a little about the subject, to explain why those chapters are so very important.
Middle-Late Miocene to Pleistocene Post-Collisional Magmatism in the Arabia-Eurasia Collision Zone, an Example from Northwest Iran
Authors: Moghadam Hadi Shafaii , Hoernle Kaj A , Hauff Folkmar , Chiaradia Massimo , Garbe-Schönberg Dieter , Orozco-Esquivel Teresa , Bindeman Ilya N , Karsli Orhan , Ghorbani Ghasem , Mousavi Naeim , Lucci Federico 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Post-collisional volcanism contains important clues for understanding the processes that prevail in orogenic belts, including those in the mantle and the uplift and collapse of continents. Here we report new geochronological and geochemical data for a suite of post-collisional Miocene to Pleistocene volcanic rocks from northwest Iran. Four groups of volcanic rocks can be distinguished according to their geochemical and isotopic signatures, including: (1) Miocene depleted lavas with high Nd and Hf but low Pb and Sr isotopic ratios, (2) less depleted lavas with quite variable Pb isotopic composition, (3) lavas with non-radiogenic Nd and Hf isotopic values, but highly radiogenic Sr and Pb isotopic composition, and (4) Pleistocene adakitic rocks with depleted isotopic signatures. The isotopic data reveal that the Miocene rocks are derived from asthenospheric and highly heterogeneous sub-continental lithospheric mantle sources. Evidence suggests that the lithospheric mantle contains recycled upper continental material and is isotopically similar to the enriched mantle two (EMII) end-member. Analysis of Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf-O isotopes in both mineral and rock groundmass, in conjunction with energy-constrained assimilation and fractional crystallization (EC-AFC) numerical modeling, demonstrates that the incorporation of continental crust during magma fractionation via AFC had an insignificant impact on the isotopic composition of the Miocene lavas. Moreover, adakites are the youngest rocks and show a geochemical signature consistent with the partial melting of a young and mafic continental lower crust. Both seismological data and geochemical signatures on these Miocene to Pleistocene volcanic rocks indicate the initiation of asthenospheric upwelling and orogen uplift in the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone, which occurred after slab break-off, following the Neotethyan closure.
Just How Much of History Is Countable?
Authors: Carpenter Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How can historical perspective be brought to the quantitative social sciences? The question has proven immensely popular, but answers that deal squarely with historical context and narrative remain elusive. An important recent book by Gregory Wawro and Ira Katznelson—Time Counts—provides an important new direction and a kit of useable tools. Using Wawro and Katznelson's approach and methods puts social scientists in a better position to appreciate the historicity of their data and to avoid common errors in statistical execution and inference. Time Counts also raises questions every bit as vital as those it answers, especially when it comes to the boundaries between narrative and quantitative work. An important concern is that inference from a particular historical setting (or what I call a “regime”) cannot be reduced to a special case of inference from large-sample statistics. Historical judgment is at least partially incommensurable with the idea of probability, cases are often important precisely because they are not countable, and scientific rigor may demand avoiding quantification for part of the social scientist's approach.
Structural Equation Modeling: Effects of Master Adaptive Learner and Clinical Learning Environment Attributes on Career Satisfaction and Intention to Stay
Authors: Osborne Raine , Bailey Chloe , Dinsmore Daniel , Lyter Emily , Burnfield Judy , Medearis Holly , Roura Amanda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this observational study was to test a proposed conceptual model depicting the influence of personal and environmental attributes of clinical learning environments on rehabilitation professionals’ career satisfaction and intention to stay with their current organization. The mediating effects of 2 loci of engagement were also assessed.

Methods
Rehabilitation professionals (physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists, and registered nurses; n = 436) from 4 health care organizations in the Northeast, Southeast, and Midwest regions in the USA completed a battery of questionnaires related to personal attributes (resilience and orientation toward lifelong learning), environmental attributes (innovation support and basic psychological need satisfaction at work), loci of engagement (professional and organizational), career satisfaction, and intention to stay. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Results
The measurement and structural model fit was acceptable. The greatest total effects on career satisfaction (r = .459) and intention to stay (r = .462) were observed through the influences of basic psychological need satisfaction, professional engagement, and organizational engagement. Orientation toward lifelong learning was negatively associated with career satisfaction (r = −.208) and intention to stay (r = −.154), but this was mitigated by organizational engagement (r = −.060 and − .134, respectively). Small but significant total effects were also observed between innovation support, professional and organizational engagement, and intention to stay (r = .144) and resilience, professional and organizational engagement, and career satisfaction (r = .110).

Conclusion
Clinical learning environments that support rehabilitation professionals’ basic psychological needs (autonomy, competency, and relatedness) are associated with greater career satisfaction and intention to stay. This association is further enhanced by organizational engagement and innovation support.

Impact
Rehabilitation organizations interested in developing and retaining master adaptive learners should create clinical learning environments that reinforce rehabilitation professionals’ sense of autonomy, competency, and relatedness, and are supportive on innovative behaviors.
Physical Activity Supported by Low-Cost Mobile Technology for Back Pain (PAT-Back) to Reduce Disability in Older Adults: Results of a Feasibility Study
Authors: Santos Ana Ellen do Nascimento , Nunes Ana Carla Lima , Pereira Leani Souza Máximo , Ferreira Manuela Loureiro , Ferreira Paulo Henrique , Macedo Luciana Gazzi , de Jesus-Moraleida Fabianna Resende 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of a multimodal program (PAT-Back) compared to best practice advice on pain and disability in older adults with chronic low back pain (LBP) in primary care.

Methods
This feasibility study took place in Fortaleza, Northeast Brazil. The PAT-Back intervention consisted of a program including exercises, pain education, and motivational text messages for the in-home component. The control group received an evidence-based educational booklet. Feasibility outcomes were recruitment, adherence and retention rates, level of difficulty of the education and intervention content, perception of utility of mobile technology, and adverse events. The feasibility criteria were previously defined.

Results
A total of 248 people were screened, of which 46 older adults were eligible. The retention rate was high (100% in the PAT-Back group and 95% in the control group). The adherence rate to intervention was partially met (60%), whereas the adherence rate to unsupervised exercises was adequate (75%), and perception about safety to perform home exercise was partially acceptable (70%) in the PAT-Back group. In addition, 100% of older adults reported which text messages motivated them to perform the exercises in the PAT-Back group. Difficulty reported by participants in understanding and performing the intervention was small in both groups. Six participants reported transient adverse events in both groups.

Conclusion
Older adults accepted both interventions. Results demonstrated that the program is feasible, although minor changes targeting adherence and safety in home exercise are needed.

Impact
This feasibility study supports progression to a full trial investigating the effectiveness of a multimodal program (PAT-Back) on pain and disability in older adults with chronic LBP within a primary health care setting in low to middle income countries where such data from the older population are scarce and the burden of LBP is increasing.
Longitudinal reciprocal association between rheumatoid arthritis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and mediation of inflammation
Authors: Yang Kai , Wang Lingwei , Chen Shuyu , Chen Rongchang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To elucidate the longitudinal reciprocal association between RA and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the mediating role of systemic inflammation in the association.

Methods
A total of 403 045 participants from UK Biobank were enrolled in this study. A cross-lagged panel model was used to investigate the longitudinal reciprocal association between RA and COPD. Cox proportional hazards regression and logistic regression models were also conducted to examine the association between baseline RA and COPD during follow-up, and vice versa. Causal mediation analysis was then performed to explore the mediating roles of 160 systemic inflammatory biomarkers in the bidirectional association.

Results
At baseline, 4755 (1.2%) and 6989 (1.7%) individuals were diagnosed with RA and COPD, respectively. After adjusting for the covariates, the result of a cross-lagged panel model revealed a bidirectional association between RA and COPD (β = 0.018, P &lt; 0.001 for the RA→COPD path; β = 0.010, P &lt; 0.001 for the COPD→RA path). In the non-COPD population, the risk of future COPD was increased in RA patients [Cox model: hazard ratio (HR) 1.65 (95% CI 1.50, 1.83); logistic model: odds ratio (OR) 1.85 (95% CI 1.66, 2.07)]. In the non-RA population, baseline COPD was associated with a higher risk of RA during follow-up [Cox model: HR 1.67 (95% CI 1.44, 1.92); logistic model: OR 1.70 (95% CI 1.47, 1.97)]. Five inflammatory factors mediated the RA→COPD path and CRP mediated the COPD→RA path (false discovery rate &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
A significant bidirectional association exists between RA and COPD and it is partially mediated by systemic inflammation.
Efficacy and safety of repository corticotropin injection for refractory cutaneous dermatomyositis: a prospective, open-label study
Authors: Fernandez Anthony P , Gallop Josh , Polly Samantha , Khanna Urmi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Cutaneous dermatomyositis (DM) is often refractory to multiple medications. Repository corticotropin injection (RCI) is FDA-approved for DM, but little is known about its efficacy and safety for treating cutaneous DM. We conducted a prospective, open-label trial assessing efficacy and safety of RCI for treating refractory cutaneous DM.

Methods
DM patients with moderate-to-severe cutaneous activity [Cutaneous Dermatomyositis Disease Area and Severity Index activity (CDASI-A)] &gt;14 despite prior treatment with ≥2 systemic agents were enrolled. Patients were initiated on 80 u RCI twice weekly for 6 months. Primary outcomes included significant decreases in CDASI-A and Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA) scores at 6 months.

Results
Of 19 patients enrolled, 15 patients (11 females, four males) with DM (seven classic, eight amyopathic) completed 6 months of RCI treatment. Patients were treated with a median 3.0 systemic medications prior to enrolment and were taking a median of 2.0 systemic medications at enrolment. Median baseline CDASI-A score was 19.0 and median PGA activity score was 2.5/10. For patient-reported outcomes, baseline median patient global skin score (PtGSS) was 3.0/10 and median dermatology life quality index (DLQI) score was 7.0/10. At 6 months, there were statistically significant improvements in CDASI-A scores (median = 10.0), PGA scores (median = 0.8/10), PtGSS scores (median = 7.0) and DLQI scores (median = 2.0), among others. Adverse effects were mild.

Conclusions
RCI treatment resulted in statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in cutaneous DM activity and quality of life. Our results suggest RCI is an effective, safe and well-tolerated treatment for patients with refractory cutaneous dermatomyositis.

Clinical Trial Registration
This clinical trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01906372).
Single-cell landscape of peripheral immune response in patients with anti-melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 dermatomyositis
Authors: He Jiangping , Liu Zhicheng , Cao Ying , Zhang Xiaofang , Yi Caihong , Zhou Yanzi , Yang Chen , Guo Zhenyang , Zheng Quan , Huang Jiao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
Anti-melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (Anti-MDA5)–positive DM is a rare but life-threatening autoimmune disorder that is associated with a high risk of developing rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. Current empirical therapies offer limited benefit in terms of patient survival, as little is known about the aetiology of anti-MDA5 DM. To best understand its immune landscape, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to peripheral blood samples from DM patients and healthy controls.

Methods
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from eight DM patients (including three distinct subtypes of DM) and two healthy donors were sequenced using the 10X Genomics platform. Additional scRNA-seq data for four healthy donors were incorporated for further bioinformatic analysis.

Results
Aberrantly increased proportions of CD14+ monocytes and plasma cells were observed in anti-MDA5 DM PBMC samples. Moreover, we found an overactivated type I IFN response and antiviral immunity in both innate and adaptive immune cells derived from anti-MDA5 DM patients that was positively correlated with disease severity. Importantly, a unique subset of CD14+ monocytes that highly expressed IFN alpha–inducible protein 27 (IFI27), a biomarker for viral infection, and IFN induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1, which encodes MDA5) was specifically identified in anti-MDA5 DM samples for the first time.

Conclusion
Our study has illustrated the peripheral immune cell atlas of a number of DM subtypes, has provided compelling evidence for a viral infection–derived origin for anti-MDA5 DM, and has indicated potential targets for innovative therapeutic interventions.
BK Channel Depletion Promotes Adipocyte Differentiation by Activating the MAPK/ERK Pathway
Authors: Xin Fang , Cheng Yuan , Wen Xinxin , Zhang Jin , Shi Xin , Liu Ping , Ren Jie , Lu Wenjing , Liu Fan , Li Zihan , Yan Xin , Wang Wei , Wang Meili , Huang Haixia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The expression of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK channels) in adipose tissue has been identified for years. BK channel deletion can improve metabolism in vivo, but the relative mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we examined the effects of BK channels on the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and the related mechanisms. BKα and β1 subunits were expressed on adipocytes. We found that both deletion of the KCNMA1 gene, encoding the pore forming α subunit of BK channels, and the BK channel inhibitor paxilline increased the expression of key genes in the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) pathway and promoted adipogenetic differentiation of ADSCs. We also observed that the MAPK-ERK pathway participates in BK channel deficiency-promoted adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs and that ERK inhibitors blocked the differentiation-promoting effect of BK channel deficiency. Hyperplasia of adipocytes is considered beneficial for metabolic health. These results indicate that BK channels play an important role in adipose hyperplasia by regulating the differentiation of ADSCs and may become an important target for studying the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of metabolic disorder-related diseases.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
Authors: Caverley Zachary R. , Tam Lori M. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an underrecognized form of nonatherosclerotic acute coronary syndrome, mostly occurring in younger female patients. The knowledge base about the diagnosis and management of SCAD has grown over the past decade, but gaps remain in how best to approach this disease. This article reviews the research on the prevalence, presentation, and management of SCAD.