bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratoriumsdiagnostik bei Diabetes mellitus/Laboratory diagnostics in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Truschnig-Wilders Martie , Boehm Bernhard O. , März Winfried 
Published: August 2004

Zusammenfassung

Zusammenfassung Diabetes mellitus umfasst eine Gruppe von metabolischen Störungen, welche durch eine Hyperglykämie als Folge von Störungen der Insulinsekretion, der Insulinaktivität oder von beidem charakterisiert sind.
Die diagnostischen Kriterien - und damit auch die Prävalenz - wurden im Laufe der Zeit unterschiedlich definiert. In Europa liegt die Prävalenz des Diabetes nach den gängigen Einteilungen, welche hier beschrieben werden, zwischen 5 und 10 Prozent. Screening-Kriterien sowie die Begriffe Mikroalbuminurie, postprandialer Blutzucker, HbA1c, C-Peptid und Proinsulin werden beschrieben.
Evaluation of automated sample preparation for quantitative detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA/Evaluierung einer automatisierten Probenvorbereitung zum quantitativen Nachweis von HIV-1 RNA
Authors: Stelzl Evelyn , Baumert Rita , Haas Josef , Marth Egon , Kessler Harald H. 
Published: August 2004

Abstract

Abstract The COBAS AMPLIPREP instrument for automated sample preparation has recently been introduced. The COBAS AMPLIPREP/COBAS AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR Ultrasensitive test, version 1.5, which includes this new molecular device, was evaluated and compared to the COBAS AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR test, version 1.5, which includes a manual extraction protocol. Accuracy, linearity, interassay variation, and intra-assay variation were determined and a total of 126 clinical specimens were investigated. When the accuracy of the COBAS AMPLIPREP/COBAS AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR test was examined, all but one result were found within ± 0.5 logs of the expected results. Furthermore, one of two samples containing 1.0 × 102 HIV-1 RNA copies ml–1 could not be detected. The determination of linearity resulted in a quasi-linear curve over at least 3 logs. For the determination of interassay variation, coefficients of variation were found between 15 and 43% for the COBAS AMPLIPREP/COBAS AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR test and between 14 and 39% for the COBAS AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR test. For the determination of intra-assay variation, coefficients of variation were found between 11 and 30% for the COBAS AMPLIPREP/COBAS AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR test and between 13 and 30% for the COBAS AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR test. When 126 clinical samples were tested with the COBAS AMPLIPREP/COBAS AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR test and compared with the COBAS AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR test, 93% of all samples yielded comparable results. Nine samples containing HIV-1 RNA concentrations close to the detection limit of the assays produced discrepant results. The new assay, which included the automated sample preparation, proved to be suitable for the routine molecular laboratory. It was found to be labor-saving and easy to handle.
Evaluation of a new assay for detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 DNA by real-time PCR/Evaluierung eines neuen Tests zur Detektierung von Herpes simplex Virus Typ 1 und Typ 2 DNA mittels Real-time PCR
Authors: Haas Ingrid , Mühlbauer Gerhard , Bozic Michael , Stelzl Evelyn , Koidl Christoph , Berger Annemarie , Berg Jörg , Vince Adriana , Rabenau Holger , Kessler Harald H. 
Published: August 2004

Abstract

Abstract Molecular detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA is recognized as reference standard assay for the sensitive and specific diagnosis of central nervous system and genital infections caused by HSV. In this study, a qualitative molecular assay based on automated DNA extraction on the MagNA Pure LC (Roche Applied Science, Mannheim, Germany) and a commercially available kit, the LightCycler – HSV 1/2 Detection Kit (Roche), were evaluated. This kit includes a homologous internal control. The accuracy and the detection limit of the new molecular assay were determined with samples from European Union Concerted Action HSV Proficiency Panels. A total of 153 clinical specimens including cerebrospinal fluids, genital swabs, and oral swabs were investigated and the results were compared to those obtained from a home-brew molecular assay based on manual DNA extraction and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). When the accuracy of the new molecular assay was tested, all positive samples except for the one containing 3.0 × 102–9.0 × 102 HSV type 1 (HSV-1) genome equivalents (GE) per ml could be detected. All negative samples tested negative. When the detection limit was determined, 6.0 × 102–1.8 × 103 HSV-1 GE per ml, i.e. 12 to 36 GE per LightCycler (LC) capillary and 2.0 × 102–6.0 × 102 HSV type 2 (HSV-2) GE per ml, i.e. 4 to 12 GE per LC capillary could consistently be detected. Results obtained from clinical specimens corresponded to 100% to those obtained by the molecular assay based on manual DNA extraction and real-time PCR. In seven clinical samples, an unexpected melting peak was detected. In conclusion, the new molecular assay allows rapid detection of HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA in the routine diagnostic laboratory. The inclusion of a homologous internal control ensures accurate interpretation of negative results.
Experimental studies and nuclear model calculations on (p,xn) and (p,pxn) reactions on85Rb from their thresholds up to 100 MeV
Authors: Kastleiner S. , Shubin Yu. N. , Nortier F. M. , van der Walt T.N. , Qaim Syed M. 
Published: August 2004

SummaryExcitation functions were measured by the stacked-foil technique for the reactions85Rb(p,pxn)84m, g,83, 82m, 81Rb from their thresholds up to 100 MeV. Nuclear model calculations were performed using the code ALICE-IPPE both on (p,xn) reactions reported earlier and (p,pxn) reactions described here. The experimental excitation curves and the results of nuclear model calculations were found to be qualitatively in agreement. With the exception of the (p,n) reaction above 40 MeV, the theory appears to reproduce all the experimental data within deviations of about 50 %. The cross section ratios for the isomeric pairs85m,gSr and84m,gRb are discussed qualitatively in terms of the spins of the states involved and the increasing projectile energy.
Theoretical treatment of the complexation of element 106, Sg, in HF solutions
Authors: Pershina V. 
Published: August 2004

SummaryFully relativistic density-functional calculations of the electronic structures of various oxo-fluoro-complexes were performed for group-6 elements Mo, W, and element 106, Sg. Based on the electronic density distribution data, relative values of the free energy change of complex formation reactions in HF solutions have been defined. On their basis, sequences in the sorption of Mo, W, and Sg by an anion exchange resin (Kdvalues) have been predicted. The results show a complex situation depending on the acid concentration and pH of the solution. The predicted trends are in agreement with the known data for Mo and W. The following sequence in the sorption of Mo, W, and Sg by an anion exchange resin from 5×10-3HF/0.1 M HNO3solutions is predicted: Mo>Sg>W. A very good separation of Sg from Mo and W is expected at concentrated HF solutions, where MOF5-is formed. The sequence of the sorption in this case should be Sg ≫W > Mo.
Advanced aqueous reprocessing in P&T strategies: Process demonstrations on genuine fuels and targets
Authors: Christiansen Birgit , Apostolidis C. , Carlos R. , Courson O. , Glatz J.-P. , Malmbeck R. , Pagliosa G. , Römer K. , Serrano-Purroy D. 
Published: August 2004

Summary
In the present work the performance of several processes used for advanced reprocessing of commercial LWR fuels as well as transmutation targets is compared. As a first step uranium and plutonium were recovered by PUREX type reprocessing. The raffinate, containing fission products including lanthanides and the minor actinides (MA) was used as feed for the second step in which minor actinides and lanthanides were separated from the bulk of the fission products. The five different processes tested use CMPO, DIDPA, TRPO, Diamide and CYANEX 923 as extractants. In the third step MA are separated from lanthanides. Here three processes were tested, i.e. using CYANEX 301, the synergistic mixture of di-chloro substituted CYANEX 301 and TOPO, and BTP solvents. Column-, batch- and continuous counter-current extraction techniques were used for the tests. The different processes will be described and discussed in terms of performances and efficiencies for Am and Cm separation. Efficient separation of MA from different genuine fuel solutions could be demonstrated and thereby also the possibility of closing a future transmutation fuel cycle. The combination of Diamide and BTP seems to be the best, among extractants tested, to achieve an efficient MA recovery from spent fuel.
Uranium association with halophilic and non-halophilic bacteria and archaea
Authors: Francis Arokiasamy J. , Gillow J. B. , Dodge Cleveland J. , Harris R. , Beveridge T. J. , Papenguth H. W. 
Published: August 2004

Summary
We determined the association of uranium with bacteria isolated from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), Carlsbad, New Mexico, and compared this with known strains of halophilic and non-halophilic bacteria and archaea. Examination of the cultures by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed uranium accumulation extracellularly and/or intracellularly to a varying degree. In Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis uranium was associated with the cell surface and in the latter it was present as irregularly shaped grains. In Halobacterium halobium, the only archeon studied here, uranium was present as dense deposits and with Haloanaerobium praevalens as spikey deposits. Halomonas sp. isolated from the WIPP site accumulated uranium both extracellularly on the cell surface and intracellularly as electron-dense discrete granules. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis of uranium with the halophilic and non-halophilic bacteria and archaea showed that the uranium present in whole cells was bonded to an average of 2.4±0.7 phosphoryl groups at a distance of 3.65±0.03 Å. Comparison of whole cells of Halomonas sp. with the cell wall fragments of lysed cells showed the presence of a uranium bidentate complex at 2.91±0.03 Å with the carboxylate group on the cell wall, and uranyl hydroxide with U-U interaction at 3.71±0.03 Å due to adsorption or precipitation reactions; no U-P interaction was observed. Addition of uranium to the cell lysate of Halomonas sp. resulted in the precipitation of uranium due to the inorganic phosphate produced by the cells. These results show that the phosphates released from bacteria bind a significant amount of uranium. However, the bacterially immobilized uranium was readily solubilized by bicarbonate with concurrent release of phosphate into solution.
Fluorescence and IR studies on the hydration state of lanthanides(III) and curium(III) in the complexes extracted with purified Cyanex301, Cyanex302 and Cyanex272
Authors: Tian Guoxin , Kimura Takaumi , Yoshida Zenko , Zhu Yongjun , Rao Linfeng 
Published: August 2004

SummaryThe hydration number of lanthanides, Ln(III) (Ln = Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy), and Cm(III) in the extracted complexes with purified Cyanex301, Cyanex302 and Cyanex272 was investigated using time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) and FT-IR spectroscopy. The results, in conjunction with the previous results on the Ln(III) and Am(III) complexes, provide insight into the composition of the extracted complexes. No difference has been observed in the hydration number or the composition between the Ln(III) and Cm(III) complexes with Cyanex302 or Cyanex272. The extracted complexes of Ln(III) and Cm(III) with Cyanex302 have the formula, ML(HL2)2·nH2O, where L stands for the anion of Cyanex302 andn=3-5. No water molecules are found in the first coordination shell of Ln(III) or Cm(III) complexes with Cyanex272. In contrast to the extraction with Cyanex302 or Cyanex272, the composition of the Ln(III) complexes is different from that of the Cm(III) complex in the extraction with Cyanex301. The Ln(III) complex with Cyanex301 has one or two H2O molecules with a molecular formula of LnL3·2H2O or HLnL4·H2O, where L stands for the anion of Cyanex301. However, the Cm(III) complex with Cyanex301 does not contain H2O with the molecular formula of HCmL4, in which only the 8 sulfur atoms from Cyanex301 coordinate to Cm(III). The results for Cm(III) agree with the previous data for Am(III) from EXAFS and IR measurements.
Investigations on adsorption and transport behaviour of carrier-free silver, gold and platinum in quartz columns under vacuum conditions
Authors: Hohn Alexander , Eichler R. , Eichler B. 
Published: August 2004

Summary
The adsorption enthalpy of silver and gold atoms on fused silica surfaces was measured using vacuum-thermochromatography. Carrier-free silver, gold and platinum nuclides were produced by irradiation of cadmium, lead and mercury targets at the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source SINQ, followed by a thermochromatographic separation. For the calculation of the adsorption enthalpy from experimental data a thermodynamic model and a kinetic model (Monte Carlo simulation) were used. Our measurements revealed an adsorption enthalpy of -279±10 kJ/mol for gold, -232±13 kJ/mol for silver and an upper limit of -430 kJ/mol for platinum. These values, determined by the thermodynamic model, are in good agreement with literature values based on the same model. Additionally, Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to demonstrate the influence of temperature and size of quartz columns on the transport of model-isotopes with different half-lives.
Observer design for reverse flow reactor
Authors: Edouard D. , Schweich D. , Hammouri H. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA medium‐scale reverse flow reactor for VOC combustion is considered. Heat loss and forced dilution by fresh air at the core of the reactor are accounted for. A countercurrent pseudohomogeneous model with frequency correction is proposed. This model is then used to synthesize an observer. This observer allows an on‐line inlet estimate of inlet VOC concentration, and of the temperature profiles in the monoliths. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2155–2166, 2004