bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutation and evolution: Conceptual possibilities
Authors: Livnat Adi , Love Alan C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough random mutation is central to models of evolutionary change, a lack of clarity remains regarding the conceptual possibilities for thinking about the nature and role of mutation in evolution. We distinguish several claims at the intersection of mutation, evolution, and directionality and then characterize a previously unrecognized category: complex conditioned mutation. Empirical evidence in support of this category suggests that the historically famous fluctuation test should be revisited, and new experiments should be undertaken with emerging experimental techniques to facilitate detecting mutation rates within specific loci at an ultra‐high, individual base pair resolution.
Regulating the interfacial chemistry of graphite in ethyl acetate‐based electrolyte for low‐temperature Li‐ion batteries
Authors: Che Ling , Hu Zhaowen , Zhang Tao , Dai Peiming , Chen Chengyu , Shen Chao , Huang Haitao , Jiao Lifang , Jin Ting , Xie Keyu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries suffer from severe capacity loss and even fail to work under subzero temperatures, which is mainly due to the sluggish Li+ transportation in the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and desolvation process. Ethyl acetate (EA) is a highly promising solvent for low‐temperature electrolytes, yet it has poor compatibility with graphite (Gr) anode. Here, we tuned the interfacial chemistry of EA‐based electrolytes via synergies of anions. ODFB− with low solvation numbers, participates in the solvation sheath, significantly reducing the desolvation energy. Meanwhile, combined with the high dissociation of FSI−, the reduction of both anions constructs an inorganic‐rich SEI to improve interfacial stability. The electrolyte enables Gr anode to deliver a capacity of 293 mA h g−1 and 2.5 Ah LiFePO4||Gr pouch cell to exhibit 96.85% capacity retention at −20°C. Remarkably, LiFePO4||Gr pouch cell with the designed electrolyte can still retain 66.28% of its room‐temperature capacity even at −40°C.
Osme Bond: Geometric and Energetic Features in the Adducts between OsO4 and Lewis Bases
Authors: Calabrese Miriam , Pizzi Andrea , Daolio Andrea , Beccaria Roberta , Lo Iacono Cristina , Scheiner Steve , Resnati Giuseppe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdducts between OsO4 and Lewis bases exert a role in important oxidation processes such as epoxidation and dihydroxylation. It has been shown that the attractive interaction driving the formation of these adducts is a σ‐hole bond involving the metal as the electrophilic species; the term Osme Bond (OmB) was proposed for designating it. Here some new adducts between OsO4 and various bases have been characterized through single crystal x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and computational studies (density functional theory, DFT), confirming the existence of a robust correlation between σ‐hole interaction energy and deformation of the tetrahedral geometry of OsO4. Also, some adducts formed by RuO4 with nucleophiles were investigated computationally.
A Nanoplatform Based on Pillar[5]arene Nanovalves for Combined Drug Delivery and Enhanced Antitumor Activity
Authors: Jiang Jianfeng , Su Zhilian , He Qin , Duan Wengui , Huang Yan , Liu Luzhi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractModern nanodrug delivery technologies offer new approaches in the fight against cancer. However, due to the heterogeneity of tumors and side effects of anticancer drugs, monotherapies are less effective. Herein, we report a novel pH and light dual‐responsive nanodrug delivery platform. The platform was formed by sulfonate‐modified gold nanoparticles loaded with the anticancer drugs doxorubicin (DOX) and glucose oxidase (GOx) and then covered by water‐soluble pillar[5]arene as a nanovalve. The nanovalve formed by the host‐guest interaction between pillar[5]arene and the sulfonic acid group grafted onto the gold nanoparticle increased the drug loading capacity of the nanoplatform and enabled sustained release of the drug in a simulated weakly acidic tumor environment. The released GOx can consume intracellular glucose, namely, starvation therapy, while the generated hydrogen peroxide can further kill tumor cells, complementing DOX chemotherapy. Gold nanoparticles have good photothermal conversion ability and can enhance the drugs release rate under specific wavelengths of light irradiation. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that this novel nanodrug delivery platform has good biocompatibility and better therapeutic efficacy relative to monotherapy. This study successfully developed a combined chemo/starvation therapy strategy with good tumor suppression, providing a new approach for cancer treatment.
Direct Analysis of Whole Blood by a Disposable Monolithic Column Mass Spectrometry Analysis Kit†
Authors: Wang Wenxin , Han Jin , Zheng Yutong , Wang Haijie , Zhu Chengbiao , Li Yongyi , Feng Yuqi , Wei Zhenwei , Wang Xiangyu 
Published: January 2024

Comprehensive SummaryA monolithic column‐based mass spectrometry (MS) analysis kit was prepared for whole blood analysis with MS. The kit is disposable and can be used for purification, storage, transportation and direct analysis of whole blood. The kit mainly consists of a capillary for quantitative microsampling, a cation exchange monolithic column for purification and storage, and a syringe for loading sample. This kit is very friendly to various users that one can easily siphon the blood in the kit followed by rapid clean‐up. We established a quantitative method using the kit with a limit detection as low as 0.33 nmol/L, and achieved more than five orders of magnitude enhancement in sensitivity compared to direct nanoelectrospray ionization MS analysis. The column can avoid analyte exposure to environment, which helps the storage of the sample for laboratory analysis. The relative standard deviation of immediate blood analysis and storage blood analysis within 10 d was less than 10%. This method has been successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of procainamide hydrochloride in 2 μL rat blood. These results indicate that this disposable kit does have the potential to achieve highly sensitive quantitative MS analysis in biological samples, which is expected to become a cost‐effective and powerful tool for in vitro diagnostics.
Gastrointestinal perforation associated with bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Fang Kunpeng , Wang Jie , Yuan Jianyong , Sui Chengjun , Zhi Jiajun , Xia Yong , Sun Minmin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for gastrointestinal perforation in metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving bevacizumab.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 217 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving bevacizumab to investigate the risk factors for gastrointestinal perforation. Three patients occurred intestinal perforation after receiving bevacizumab. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of three patients with intestinal perforation.ResultsAll patients receiving bevacizumab. Three of 217 patients occurred intestinal perforation after receiving bevacizumab. Patient no. 1 was 70 years old, female, having history of intestinal obstruction. The patient occurred intestinal perforation and ultimately died after receiving bevacizumab. Patient no. 2 was 59 years old, female, having history of intestinal obstruction. The patient occurred intestinal perforation after receiving bevacizumab, and recovered smoothly after symptomatic treatment. Patient no. 3 was 60 years old, female, having history of intestinal obstruction. The patient occurred intestinal perforation and ultimately died after receiving bevacizumab.ConclusionsPatients with advanced colorectal cancer receiving bevacizumab are at risk of gastrointestinal perforation. The patient's age, gender and history of bowel obstruction may be associated with gastrointestinal perforation.
Pharmacokinetics of Ubrogepant in Healthy Japanese and White Adults
Authors: Boinpally Ramesh , Trugman Joel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUbrogepant is a calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor antagonist indicated for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. The objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) single‐dose pharmacokinetics (PK) and dose proportionality of ubrogepant in Japanese participants, (2) the safety and tolerability of ubrogepant in healthy Japanese and White participants, and (3) to compare the PK of ubrogepant in Japanese versus White participants. A total of 48 participants were enrolled into 4 cohorts (N = 12 [9 active + 3 placebo] per cohort). A single dose was administered on Day 1 following an overnight fast to assess the PK of ubrogepant at 3 dose levels and test dose proportionality between 25 and 100 mg in Japanese participants. White participants were randomly assigned to ubrogepant (100 mg) or placebo. Dose proportionality was observed in the dose range of 25‐100 mg in Japanese participants. Systemic exposure was 20% lower in Japanese participants as compared with White participants, but this difference is unlikely to be clinically relevant. Single doses of ubrogepant (25‐100 mg) had a safety profile similar to placebo, and no differences in the safety profile of ubrogepant 100 mg were observed between Japanese versus White participants.
Screen‐printed dual‐band wearable textile antenna incorporated with EBG structure for WBAN communications
Authors: Arulmurugan S. , Suresh Kumar T. R. , Alex Z. C. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryA dual‐band, wearable coplanar microstrip patch antenna (CPW) integrated with electromagnetic bandgap structure (EBG) to operate dual wireless bands at 2.48 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical band (ISM) and 5.2 GHz WLAN. The proposed textile wearable antenna and EBG structure are screen‐printed using silver conductive ink on the cotton polyester substrate (εr = 1.6) for flexible wearable applications. A 3 × 3 EBG array is realized by a concentric square patch surrounded by the annular square ring to reduce back radiation and increase the forward gain and front‐back ratio. The proposed EBG‐backed antenna, compared with the conventional CPW‐fed antenna, improves forward gain from 2.18 to 6.59 dB at 2.48 GHz and 3.5 to 7.03 dB at 5.2 GHz. Moreover, the EBG array is used to isolate the human body from the antenna and reduces the specific absorption rate (SAR). The antenna is performed with a human phantom tissue model, which exhibits a specific absorption rate of 0.12 W/kg, and 0.260 W/kg for 1 g tissue at 2.48 GHz and 5.2 GHz, respectively.
Conflicting perspectives on ecosystem conservation in a cultivated floodplain: The role of science and the challenge of pluralism in decision‐making in Lac Saint‐Pierre (Quebec, Canada)
Authors: Lévesque Ann , Bissonnette Jean‐François , Vansintjan Aaron , Dupras Jérôme 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBy generating and explaining facts, science holds an important role in environmental policy decision‐making. However, scientific knowledge is often framed as objective and neutral in policy debates, which can be challenged by stakeholders who have a different view of the issue. To counter this situation, we propose a novel scientific approach to analyze problems that are highly contested and seem difficult to resolve, that is, wicked problems. Our study combined post‐normal science and environmental justice perspectives to shed light on a wicked problem—the largely unsuccessful efforts to rehabilitate yellow perch stocks in Lac Saint‐Pierre (LSP), Quebec, Canada. The combination of these two perspectives allows us to investigate the causes of the decrease of yellow perch stocks and the social and institutional barriers to rehabilitation—which can only be overcome if the injustice perceived by different stakeholders is overcome. Our study presents an approach that addresses uncertainties, integrates various knowledge forms, reassesses decision‐making procedures, and highlights inequalities within a specified territory. The research also underlines the importance of the qualitative dimension in the development of knowledge and the need to address equity in the development of environmental policies.
Chloride‐Induced Selectfluor Activated Fluorothiolation of Alkenes to Access β‐Fluorothioether
Authors: Han Jine , Yang Jiacheng , He Yunpeng , Niu Tengfei , Zou Lianghua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study describes a chloride‐induced three‐component fluorothiolation of alkenes with arylthiophenols and selectfluor, facilitating efficient synthesis of β‐fluorothioether. The protocol exhibits good functional group compatibility, mild reaction conditions, good yield, and readily available reagents. Importantly, this study presents an unprecedented radical‐involved process for fluorothiolation.
Identifying epilepsy surgery referral candidates with natural language processing in an Australian context
Authors: Tan Sheryn , Goh Rudy , Ng Jeng Swen , Tang Charis , Ng Cleo , Kovoor Joshua , Stretton Brandon , Gupta Aashray , Ovenden Christopher , Courtney Merran R. , Neal Andrew , Whitham Emma , Frasca Joseph , Kiley Michelle , Abou‐Hamden Amal , Bacchi Stephen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy surgery is known to be underutilized. Machine learning‐natural language processing (ML‐NLP) may be able to assist with identifying patients suitable for referral for epilepsy surgery evaluation.MethodsData were collected from two tertiary hospitals for patients seen in neurology outpatients for whom the diagnosis of “epilepsy” was mentioned. Individual case note review was undertaken to characterize the nature of the diagnoses discussed in these notes, and whether those with epilepsy fulfilled prespecified criteria for epilepsy surgery workup (namely focal drug refractory epilepsy without contraindications). ML‐NLP algorithms were then developed using fivefold cross‐validation on the first free‐text clinic note for each patient to identify these criteria.ResultsThere were 457 notes included in the study, of which 250 patients had epilepsy. There were 37 (14.8%) individuals who fulfilled the prespecified criteria for epilepsy surgery referral without described contraindications, 32 (12.8%) of whom were not referred for epilepsy surgical evaluation in the given clinic visit. In the prediction of suitability for epilepsy surgery workup using the prespecified criteria, the tested models performed similarly. For example, the random forest model returned an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.97 (95% confidence interval 0.93–1.0) for this task, sensitivity of 1.0, and specificity of 0.93.SignificanceThis study has shown that there are patients in tertiary hospitals in South Australia who fulfill prespecified criteria for epilepsy surgery evaluation who may not have been referred for such evaluation. ML‐NLP may assist with the identification of patients suitable for such referral.Plain Language SummaryEpilepsy surgery is a beneficial treatment for selected individuals with drug‐resistant epilepsy. However, it is vastly underutilized. One reason for this underutilization is a lack of prompt referral of possible epilepsy surgery candidates to comprehensive epilepsy centers. Natural language processing, coupled with machine learning, may be able to identify possible epilepsy surgery candidates through the analysis of unstructured clinic notes. This study, conducted in two tertiary hospitals in South Australia, demonstrated that there are individuals who fulfill criteria for epilepsy surgery evaluation referral but have not yet been referred. Machine learning‐natural language processing demonstrates promising results in assisting with the identification of such suitable candidates in Australia.
Research on bi‐layer low carbon scheduling strategy for source‐load collaborative optimization based on node carbon emission intensity
Authors: Liu Xiaoou 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo accurately calculate the carbon emission of integrated energy system (IES), and fully explore the potential for load side on carbon emission reduction, this paper proposes a method of guiding load to participate in demand response based on node carbon emission intensity, and constructs a bi‐layer low‐carbon scheduling model for source‐load collaborative optimization. First, the carbon flow calculation model of IES in the total process is established, such as source, network, load, and storage. It can depict the carbon emission characteristics of energy conversion equipment and energy storage devices. The principle of proportional sharing is used to track carbon emission flows, the changes in carbon emission intensity at each node is perceived from a spatiotemporal perspective. Second, carbon flow analysis is incorporated into the load demand response mechanism, and a carbon emission model for load aggregator (LA) after demand response is established based on the node carbon emission intensity. Third, a bi‐layer low‐carbon scheduling model is constructed, which considers the source‐load collaborative optimization. The upper layer is the optimal economic dispatch of IES operators, while the lower layer is the optimal economic dispatch of LAs. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using the system as an example, such as improved 14‐node power grid, 6‐node heating network, and 6‐node nature gas network.
SimLivA–Modeling ischemia‐reperfusion injury in the liver: A first step towards a clinical decision support tool
Authors: Tautenhahn Hans‐Michael , Ricken Tim , Dahmen Uta , Mandl Luis , Bütow Laura , Gerhäusser Steffen , Lambers Lena , Chen Xinpei , Lehmann Elina , Dirsch Olaf , König Matthias 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe SIMulation supported LIVer Assessment for donor organs (SimLivA) project aims to develop a mathematical model to accurately simulate the influence of mechanical alterations in marginal liver grafts (specifically steatotic ones) and cold ischemia on early ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) during liver transplantation. Our project tackles significant research challenges, including the co‐development of computational methodologies, experimental studies, clinical processes, and technical workflows. We aim to refine a continuum‐biomechanical model for enhanced IRI prediction, collect pivotal experimental and clinical data, and assess the clinical applicability of our model. Our efforts involve augmenting and tailoring a coupled continuum‐biomechanical, multiphase, and multi‐scale partial differential equation‐ordinary differential equation (PDE‐ODE) model of the liver lobule, allowing us to numerically simulate IRI depending on the degree of steatosis and the duration of ischemia. The envisaged model will intertwine the structure, perfusion, and function of the liver, serving as a crucial aid in clinical decision‐making processes. We view this as the initial step towards an in‐silico clinical decision support tool aimed at enhancing the outcomes of liver transplantation. In this paper, we provide an overview of the SimLivA project and our preliminary findings, which include: a cellular model that delineates critical processes in the context of IRI during transplantation; and the integration of this model into a multi‐scale PDE‐ODE model using a homogenized, multi‐scale, multi‐component approach within the Theory of Porous Media (TPM) framework. The model has successfully simulated the interconnected relationship between structure, perfusion, and function—all of which are integral to IRI. Initial results show simulations at the cellular scale that describe critical processes related to IRI during transplantation. After integrating this model into a multiscale PDE‐ODE model, first simulations were performed on the spatial distribution of key functions during warm and cold ischaemia. In addition, we were able to study the effect of tissue perfusion and temperature, two critical parameters in the context of liver transplantation and IRI.
Caregivers' knowledge, practice, and associated factors toward oral rehydration salt with zinc to treat diarrhea among under 5 children in Burayu town, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022: Cross‐sectional study: An implication for action
Authors: Duguma Nadhi A. , Bala Elias Teferi , Abdisa Bayisa , Adula Timketa , Adeba Emiru , Egata Gudina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiarrhea is the second leading cause of death in under 5 children of Ethiopia. Millions of young lives could be saved if mothers know and practice the three rules of diarrhea management: giving extra fluid (particularly oral rehydration salt [ORS]), zinc, and giving additional food during diarrhea illness.AimThe objective of this study was to determine mothers'/caregivers' Knowledge, Practice, and associated factors toward ORS with zinc to treat diarrhea among under 5 children in Burayu town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2022.MethodsA community‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted among 422 study participants from September 25 to October 10, 2022; in Burayu town, Ethiopia. Systematic random sampling technique was used to enroll study subjects from two randomly selected kebeles. Interviewer‐administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were entered into Epi‐info version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS Version 21 for analysis. Binary and multivariable logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with knowledge and practice of ORS with zinc at p < 0.05% and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsThe findings showed that 59% and 52% of the respondents had good knowledge and practice toward ORS with zinc, respectively. Being housewives (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 0.407, 95% CI: [0.195, 0.848]), primary education (AOR = 3.246, 95% CI: [1.614, 6.530]), income of >4000 (AOR = 5.132, 95% CI: [1.947, 13.524]), health seeking behavior (AOR = 0.369, 95% CI: [0.139, 0.979]), being divorced (AOR = 0.275, 95% CI: [0.09,0.842]) were found to be significantly associated with knowledge toward management of diarrhea with ORS and zinc. Housewives in occupation (AOR = 0.084, 95% CI: [0.029, 0.243]), secondary and above education (AOR = 6.26: 95% CI: [1.51, 25.86]), health seeking behavior (AOR = 6.885, 95% CI: [2.29, 20.67]), having good knowledge of ORS and zinc (AOR = 22.14, 95% CI: [8.44, 58.07]) were found to be significantly associated with practice of managing diarrhea with ORS and zinc.ConclusionThis study revealed low level of knowledge and practice of caregivers toward ORS with zinc. The more mothers/caregivers are knowledgeable, the more they are active to practice the use of ORS with zinc. Thus, health education and awareness creation for the mothers/caregivers on management of diarrhea is very crucial. Special attention should be given to enhancing income for mothers/caregivers.