bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of AHR-13268, an antiallergenic compound, in the management of pruritus caused by atopic disease in dogs
Authors: DeBoer Douglas J. , Moriello Karen A. , Pollet Robert A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Twenty-nine pruritic, atopic dogs were entered into a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study to evaluate the efficacy of an investigational antiallergenic compound, AHR-13268. Fourteen dogs were evaluated by a veterinary dermatologist (at intervals) and the owner (daily). Fifteen dogs were evaluated only by the owner. The mean (± se) owner scores for pruritus, erythema, and lesions with placebo treatment (higher score = worse signs) were 3.24 (± 0.12), 2.73 (± 0.12), and 2.61 (± 0.09), respectively. With drug treatment, the corresponding scores were 2.89 (± 0.12), 2.50 (± 0.12), and 2.25 (± 0.09). Scores for pruritus and lesions (but not erythema) were significantly better with drug treatment than with placebo treatment. Investigator scores showed similar trends, but the differences were not great enough to be statistically significant. Overall, 11/29 (38%) owners reported their dogs had moderate or better improvement from drug capsules, and 4/29 dogs (14%) improved on placebo capsules A variety of adverse effects were reported following both drug (9/29 dogs) and placebo (8/29 dogs) capsule administration, but were mild and well tolerated. Results of this study indicate that AHR-13268 has potential for empiric treatment of allergic inhalant dermatitis in some dogs.
Effects of single-dose l-asparaginase on coagulation values in healthy dogs and dogs with lymphoma
Authors: Rogers Kenita S. , Barton Claudia L. , Benson Patricia A. , Green Robert A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Ten healthy dogs and 10 dogs with multicentric lymphoma were given a single dose of l-asparaginase at a rate of 10,000 IU/m2 of body surface. Assessment of concentrations of contributors to the coagulation process and of the ability to coagulate including antithrombin III, one-stage prothrombin time, prothrombin-proconvertin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, plasminogen, fibrinogen, and platelet number were performed prior to drug administration (day 0). These tests were repeated 24 hours (day 1), 48 hours (day 2), and 7 days after treatment with l-asparaginase. Antithrombin-III concentrations were significantly lower in the dogs with lymphoma than in healthy dogs on days 0, 1, 2, and 7; however, with the exception of day 1, mean values remained within normal limits. There was also a difference between the 2 groups in prothrombin/proconvertin values on day 7 and in platelet number on day 2, with the lymphoma group having significantly shorter prothrombin/proconvertin time than healthy dogs, and the difference in platelet numbers being associated with increased counts in the healthy dogs. Data obtained from the healthy dogs and dogs with lymphoma for each coagulation test were pooled for each treatment day (0, 1, 2, and 7), and day-0 values for each coagulation test were compared with data obtained on days 1, 2, and 7. Antithrombin-III concentration on day 7 was significantly lower than on day 0, prothrombin/ proconvertin time on day 1 was significantly longer than on day 0, and fibrinogen concentrations on days 1 and 2 were significantly lower than on day 0. Evidence of clinical hemorrhage or thrombosis was not found in any dog subsequent to l-asparaginase administration. Results of this study suggest that although individual coagulation test results may be altered, a single dose of l-asparaginase does not clinically alter coagulation in either healthy dogs or dogs with multicentric lymphoma.
Detection of Campylobacter upsaliensis in diarrheic dogs and cats, using a selective medium with cefoperazone
Authors: Burnens André P. , Nicolet Jacques 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Using a newly formulated selective medium containing cefoperazone, we isolated 72 Campylobacter strains in fecal samples from 397 diarrheic dogs and cats. Of these, 39 were thermophilic catalase-negative Campylobacter species. We identified these Campylobacter strains by dna:dna hybridization, using digoxigenin-labeled total genomic dna of 4 Campylobacter reference strains (C jejuni, C coli, C lari, and C upsaliensis) as a probe. The labeling was done with a commercially available kit. We could identify 66 of the 72 Campylobacter isolates to the species level with this method; identification with probes always agreed with conventional test results. Of the 66 identified strains, 33 were C upsaliensis and 33 were C jejuni. Six isolates could not be assigned to a known species with probes or conventional tests. On the basis of our findings, C upsaliensis is more resistant to cefoperazone than to cephalothin, thereby explaining the unexpected recovery of these Campylobacters on cephalosporin-containing media.
Inhibition of equine complement activity by polysulfated glycosaminoglycans
Authors: Rashmir-Raven A. M. , Coyne C. P. , Fenwick B. W. , Gaughan E. M. , Andrews G. A. , DeBowes R. M. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The ability of polysulfated glycosaminoglycans (psgag) to inhibit the complement cascade was evaluated. The role of complement in inflammation and infection has been well documented. Inhibition of the complement cascade by psgag could explain why intra-articularly administered psgag diminish diarthrodial joint inflammation and potentiate septic arthritis in horses.
Hemolytic complement testing was performed to evaluate the effect of psgag on the equine classical and alternate pathways of complement, using rabbit erythrocytes as the target cells. Concentration of psgag between 0.2 mg/ml and 0.6 mg/ml significantly (P< 0.05) inhibited equine complement in dose-related fashion. Further increase in complement inhibition was not observed at psgag concentration >0.6 mg/ml. Difference was not apparent in the extent of inhibition of complement from each of the 4 horses tested. Polysulfated glycosaminoglycans appeared to inhibit the classical and alternate complement pathways equally, indicating possible effect on complement components common to both pathways. Heat inactivation of complement function completely inhibited (P<0.01) the hemolytic activity of the serum from all horses.
Evaluation of a subunit vaccine for bovine adenovirus type 3
Authors: York Ian A. , Thorsen Jan 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The hexon subunit of bovine adenovirus serotype 3 (bav-3) was purified by use of anion-exchange chromatography. A vaccine composed of the purified hexon in immune-stimulating complexes was administered and induced high titer of virus-neutralizing antibody in rabbits and calves.
Fractional excretion of electrolytes in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Fleming S. A. , Hunt E. L. , Brownie C. , Rakes A. , McDaniel B. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Samples of serum and urine were obtained simultaneously from 56 healthy lactating cows to determine ranges of fractional excretion (fe) of calcium (Ca), phosphate (PO4), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl). Samples were obtained at 3 stages of lactation: period 1 = 1 to 7 days, 2 = 83 to 112 days, and 3 = 175 to 197 days. The fe of electrolytes were significantly different among periods 1, 2, and 3 for Ca (P<0.001), PO4 (P< 0.025) and Mg (P<0.025), but were not significantly different for Na, K, and Cl. Least squares mean fe of Ca was lowest in period 1 and not significantly different for periods 2 and 3, whereas mean fe values for PO4 and Mg were highest in period 2 and not significantly different for periods 1 and 3. The mean fe values of Na, K, and Cl did not change with stage of lactation. Age and category of milk production (high, medium, and low) did not influence the FE values of the electrolytes.
Populations of Salmonella typhimurium in internal organs of experimentally infected carrier swine
Authors: Wood Richard L. , Rose Rebecca 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Experiments were conducted to determine comparative populations of Salmonella typhimurium in the most commonly infected body organs of long-term carrier swine. Naturally farrowed Salmonella-free pigs (n = 58) were orally exposed to S typhimurium when they were 47 days old. Necropsy of 3 to 5 randomly selected pigs was conducted at 3, 7, 10, 14, and 17 days and at 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28 weeks after exposure. Mean populations (log10/g) of S typhimurium in palatine tonsils, ileum, cecum (wall and contents), ascending colon (wall and contents), and mandibular and ileocolic lymph nodes were estimated at each necropsy, using a most-probable-number method of bacteriologic examination. Populations of organisms in cecum and colon were similar to each other throughout the duration of the study. Mean populations (log10/g) associated with cecal and colonic walls decreased from 6.1 and 6.6, respectively, during the first postexposure (pe) week to ≤ 1.67 from pe weeks 4 to 28. Populations (log10/g) associated with cecal and colonic contents decreased from 5.6 and 5.5, respectively, at pe day 3 to 2.5 and 2.7, respectively, at pe week 4, and remained ≤ 2.8 until week 28. Populations (log10/g) associated with intestinal walls and contents were closely correlated during the study. Population (log10/g) in the ileum was ≥ 5.3 from pe days 3 to 17, then varied between 5.4 and -0.4 up to pe week 28. Population (log10/g) of S typhimurium in the tonsils varied from 6.4 to 5.5 up to pe week 5, then decreased to a range of 5.3 to 4.0 until pe week 24, and further decreased to 1.1 at pe week 28. Population (log10/g) in mandibular lymph nodes decreased from 3.5 at pe day 3 to 0.8 at week 8, then ≤ 1.0 up to week 28. In ileocolic lymph nodes, population decreased from 4.4 during the first pe week to ‒0.2 at 8 weeks, then ≤ 1.5 up to week 28. Fecal samples obtained weekly or biweekly throughout the study were 50 to 100% culture-positive (av, 85.4%). Results indicate that the long-term carrier state of S typhimurium in most infected body organs of swine exists mainly at a low, but fairly stable population.
Long-term study of aerobic bacteria of the genital tract in stud dogs
Authors: Bjurström Lena , Linde-Forsberg Catharina 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The aerobic bacterial flora of the genital tract was characterized in 15 stud dogs in an 18-month study. The dogs represented 4 breeds and were from 3 kennels. Bacterial samples from the prepuce and semen were collected every month, except in connection with matings, when they were collected weekly (464 samples). The dogs that were included all mated at least once during the study. The mean pregnancy rate, litter size, and pup mortality for the bitches with which they had mated were all within normal limits. The most frequent bacteria isolated from the prepuce and semen were Pasteurella multocida, (β-hemolytic streptococci, and Escherichia coli. There was a tendency for breeds to differ in frequency of the most common bacterial species. Bacterial culture yielded no aerobic growth in 14.2% of the preputial samples and 69.8% of the semen samples. Bacteria were transferred between dog and bitch at mating. In this study of healthy breeding dogs, neither the fertility of the dog nor that of the bitch was affected by the bacteria transferred.
Response of Pasteurella haemolytica to erythromycin and dexamethasone in calves with established infection
Authors: Clarke Cyril R. , Barron Selwyn J. , Ayalew Sahlu , Burrows George E. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
A subcutaneous soft tissue infection model in calves was used to study the in vivo response of Pasteurella haemolytica to erythromycin and dexamethasone. Two tissue chambers were implanted sc in each of 12 calves. At 45 days after implantation, all tissue chambers were inoculated with an erythromycin-sensitive strain of P haemolytica. Starting 24 hours after inoculation, calves were allotted to 4 groups of equal size and a 2 × 2-factorial arrangement of treatments was applied: 3 calves were given erythromycin (30 mg/kg of body weight, im, for 5 days), 3 calves were given dexamethasone(0.05 mg/kg, im, for 2 days), 3 calves were given erythromycin and dexamethasone, and the remaining calves served as nontreated controls. Chamber fluids were tested daily, and the response to treatment was measured. Neither erythromycin nor dexamethasone affected viability or growth of bacteria within tissue chambers. Dexamethasone had no effect on the influx of neutrophils into infected chambers. Despite repeated administration of a high dose of erythromycin and attainment of adequate concentration in serum, erythromycin concentration in chamber fluids did not exceed the minimal inhibitory concentration established in vitro. These results indicate that the clinical efficacy of erythromycin against P haemolytica sequestered in consolidated pneumonic lesions may not be well correlated with predictions based on serum pharmacokinetic and in vitro susceptibility data.
Impact of bovine somatotropin administration beginning at day 70 of lactation on serum metabolites, milk constituents, and production in cows previously exposed to exogenous somatotropin
Authors: Lean Ian J. , Baldwin R. Lee , Troutt H. Fred , Bruss Michael L. , Galland John C. , Farver Thomas B. , Rostami Jeffrey , Weaver Leon D. , Holmberg Charles A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Metabolic and production responses are reported for 72 cows treated with bovine somatotropin (bst) for 30 days starting at day 70 of lactation. Of these 72 cows, 48 had been exposed in the preceding lactation to long-term treatment with bst at 3 dosages and 24 (controls) had not been given bst. Approximately half of the cows in each group were parity-2 cows, the rest were older. Comparisons between groups were made separately for parity-2, and older cows.
Analyses, using pretreatment values of each variable as a covariate, indicated that older cows, but not parity-2 cows, significantly (P < 0.05) increased milk production during treatment. Parity-2 cows, however, had a significantly higher milk fat percentage than controls following treatment. Cows treated with 51.6 or 86 mg bst/d in both parity groups had significantly higher serum-free fatty acids than controls. Estimated net energy balances were significantly lower for older treated cows, but did not significantly differ from controls for parity-2 treated cows. Older cows in the 86 mg of bst/d group tended to have higher concentrations of blood glucose than did older control-group cows. Treatment with bst did not significantly increase serum ketone concentrations in any group of animals, and none of the cows developed clinical ketosis during this period.
Estimated net energy balance (eneb) during treatment was a significant (P < 0.05) covariate for free fatty acid concentrations in older cows and for milk fat percentage in parity-2 cows. Covariate adjusted analyses, using eneb during treatment as a covariate, indicated that lipolytic stimuli already acting may be enhanced by treatment with bst, but a negative energy balance was not a necessary precondition for free fatty acid concentrations to increase following somatotropin treatment. Similarly, milk fat percentages for parity-2 treated cows were significantly (P < 0.05) higher during treatment than controls when eneb during treatment was used as a covariate.
Increased milk fat concentrations in parity-2 treated cows were not associated with significant increases in the ratio of C18:C4-10 milk fatty acids, indicating that increased milk fat resulted from either an increase in incorporation of C18 fatty acids into milk fat coupled with an increase in de novo mammary synthesis of C4-10 milk fatty acids or an increase in C12-16 fatty acids that may arise either from increased tissue mobilization, from diet, or from de novo mammary synthesis.
Culture and initial characterization of the secretory response of neoplastic cat mast cells
Authors: Mohr F. Charles , Dunston Sheryl K. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Mast cells isolated from feline splenic mastocytomas were cultured to study their structural and functional properties. Isolated cells from various cats were grown as monolayer cultures for a mean of 56 days (range, 30 to 76 days). Cat mast cells released allergic mediators in response to compound 48/80, anti-cat serum antibodies, and concanavalin A. On the basis of the finding that secretion from cat mast cells was stimulated by anti-cat serum antibodies and concanavalin A, these cells contain surface-bound immunoglobulins. The presence of mast cell-sensitizing antibodies has been suspected in cats, but never before directly demonstrated. Cultured cat mast cells have cytochemical and functional characteristics common to connective tissue-type mast cells and provide one of the few non-rodent models of cultured cells for the study of this type of mast cell.
Serum amylase activity and calcium and magnesium concentrations in young cattle grazing fescue and Bermuda grass pastures
Authors: Nutting David F. , Tolley Elizabeth A. , Toth Linda A. , Ballard Steve D. , Brown Michael A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The study reported here was part of a long-term investigation of the effects of genotype on growth, reproduction, and metabolism in cattle grazing common Bermuda grass and endophyte-infected fescue pastures. In June 1990, blood samples were collected from the tail vein of yearling heifers and steers (Angus [aa], Brahman [bb], and their reciprocal crosses [ab, ba], n = 97). Serum amylase activity was assayed enzymatically; serum Ca and Mg concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The effects of endophyte-infected fescue depended on genotype (P < 0.001). In yearlings having at least 1 Angus parent (aa, ab, ba), grazing endophyte-infected fescue was associated with higher serum amylase activity than was grazing Bermuda grass. But serum amylase activities of bb yearlings consuming either forage were similar. Moreover, for either forage, substantial differences were related to genotype (P < 0.007) and gender (P < 0.05). Angus yearlings had higher serum amy-lase activity than did Brahman yearlings; ab and ba yearlings had intermediate values. Heifers had higher amylase activity than did steers. The relationship among serum values of amylase, Ca, and Mg depended on forage. Yearlings consuming endophyte-infected fescue and hav-ing at least 1 Angus parent had a moderate negative correlation between serum amylase activity and Ca concentration (r = —0.53; P < 0.0005); that is, in calves of genotypes with increased amylase activity while consuming endophyte-infected fescue (aa, ab, ba), the higher the amylase activity, the lower the serum Ca concentration. However, in yearlings consuming Bermuda grass, serum amylase and Ca values were not correlated. Conversely, grazing Bermuda grass was associated with moderate positive correlation between Ca and Mg concentrations (r = 0.46; P < 0.0003), but in yearlings grazing endophyte-infected fescue, Ca and Mg concentrations were independent. The cause, pathophysiologic mechanism, and clinical importance of these effects remain to be determined. In conclusion, serum amylase activity in yearling cattle was influenced by genotype, gender, and consumption of endophyte-infected fescue. We speculate that yearlings having at least 1 Angus parent may develop a persistent subclinical derangement of the exocrine portion of the pancreas when exposed to common environmental toxins associated with endophyte-infected fescue grass, and that purebred Brahman yearlings can resist this aspect of fescue toxicosis.
Acute effects of a γ-glutamylated derivative of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine on renal function and ultrastructure in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs: Site-specific toxicity involving S1 and S2 cells of the proximal tubule
Authors: Ridgewell Richard E. , Krejci Mark E. , Koechel Daniel A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
It has been established that l-γ-glutamylated derivatives of α-amino acids are delivered more efficiently to the kidneys than are the parent α-amino acids. Therefore, we synthesized L-γ-glutamyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine (L-γ-glutamyl-l-dcvc), the simplest l-γ-glutamylated derivative of the nephrotoxic α-amino acid S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine (l-dcvc), and investigated its effects on renal function and ultrastructure in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Intravenous doses of 23.15 and 92.60 (μmol of L-γ-glutamyl-l-dcvc/kg of body weight induced significant increases in urinary protein output and significant decreases in the clearance of inulin during the 6-hour post-injection period. Changes were not observed in any of the other 13 renal function variables or in the 11 plasma and blood variables that were monitored throughout the same period. Both doses of L-γ-glutamyl-l-dcvc induced renal ultrastructural lesions in the S1 and S2 cells of the canine proximal tubule; the remaining 8 cell types downstream and the glomeruli were not damaged. The onset and magnitude of renal function changes and the cell types affected by L-γ-glutamyl-l-dcvc were virtually identical to those observed previously following iv administration of equivalent doses of l-dcvc to pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Rapid removal of the l-γ-glutamyl group from L-γ-glutamyl-l-dcvc (ie, deglutamylation) resulting in formation of the parent α-amino acid, l-dcvc, can best explain the extreme similarity in the nephrotoxic profiles of these 2 toxicants.
Relation of fructosamine to serum protein, albumin, and glucose concentrations in healthy and diabetic dogs
Authors: Kawamoto M. , Kaneko J. J. , Heusner A. A. , Feldman E. C. , Koizumi I. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The relation of the glycated serum protein, fructosamine, to serum protein, albumin, and glucose concentrations was examined in healthy dogs, dogs with hypo- or hyperproteinemia, and diabetic dogs. Fructosamine was determined by use of an adaptation of an automated kit method. The reference range for fructosamine in a composite group of control dogs was found to be 1.7 to 3.38 mmol/L (mean ± sd, 2.54 ± 0.42 mmol/L). Fructosamine was not correlated to serum total protein, but was highly correlated to albumin in dogs with hypoalbuminemia. To normalize the data with respect to albumin, it is suggested that the lower limit of the reference range for albumin concentration (2.5 g/dl) be used for adjustment of fructosamine concentration and only in hypoalbuminemic dogs. In 6 hyperglycemic diabetic dogs, fructosamine concentration was well above the reference range. It is concluded that although fructosamine may be a potentially useful guide to assess the average blood glucose concentration over the preceding few days in dogs, further study is required to establish its value as a guide to glucose control in diabetic dogs.