bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network structure shapes the impact of diversity in collective learning
Authors: Baumann Fabian , Czaplicka Agnieszka , Rahwan Iyad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIt is widely believed that diversity arising from different skills enhances the performance of teams, and in particular, their ability to learn and innovate. However, diversity has also been associated with negative effects on the communication and coordination within collectives. Yet, despite the importance of diversity as a concept, we still lack a mechanistic understanding of how its impact is shaped by the underlying social network. To fill this gap, we model skill diversity within a simple model of collective learning and show that its effect on collective performance differs depending on the complexity of the task and the network density. In particular, we find that diversity consistently impairs performance in simple tasks. In contrast, in complex tasks, link density modifies the effect of diversity: while homogeneous populations outperform diverse ones in sparse networks, the opposite is true in dense networks, where diversity boosts collective performance. Our findings also provide insight on how to forge teams in an increasingly interconnected world: the more we are connected, the more we can benefit from diversity to solve complex problems.
Bile acid profiles in adult patients with biliary atresia who achieve native liver survival after portoenterostomy
Authors: Takeda Masahiro , Takei Hajime , Suzuki Mitsuyoshi , Tsukui Takafumi , Tsuboi Koichi , Watayo Hiroko , Ochi Takanori , Koga Hiroyuki , Nittono Hiroshi , Yamataka Atsuyuki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBile acids have received increasing attention as a marker of the long-term prognosis and a potential therapeutic target in patients with biliary atresia, which is a progressive disease of the hepatobiliary system. A detailed analysis of serum and urinary bile acid compositions was conducted to assess the characteristics of bile acid profiles and the correlation between bile acid profiles and liver fibrosis markers in adult patients with biliary atresia who achieved bilirubin normalization. Serum total bile acids and glucuronide-conjugated (glyco- and tauro-) cholic acids (GCA and TCA) and chenodeoxycholic acids (GCDCA and TCDCA) were significantly higher in patients with biliary atresia than in healthy controls, whereas unconjugated CA and CDCA showed no significant difference. There were no significant differences in CA to CDCA ratios and glycine-to-taurine-conjugated ratios. Urinary glycocholic acid 3-sulfate (GCA-3S) was significantly higher in patients with biliary atresia. Serum GCDCA showed a strong positive correlation with Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi). These results demonstrate that bile acid congestion persists into adulthood in patients with biliary atresia, even after cholestasis has completely improved after Kasai portoenterostomy. These fundamental data on bile acid profiles also suggest the potential value of investigating bile acid profiles in patients with biliary atresia.
Prediction of linear B-cell epitopes based on protein sequence features and BERT embeddings
Authors: Liu Fang , Yuan ChengCheng , Chen Haoqiang , Yang Fei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLinear B-cell epitopes (BCEs) play a key role in the development of peptide vaccines and immunodiagnostic reagents. Therefore, the accurate identification of linear BCEs is of great importance in the prevention of infectious diseases and the diagnosis of related diseases. The experimental methods used to identify BCEs are both expensive and time-consuming and they do not meet the demand for identification of large-scale protein sequence data. As a result, there is a need to develop an efficient and accurate computational method to rapidly identify linear BCE sequences. In this work, we developed the new linear BCE prediction method LBCE-BERT. This method is based on peptide chain sequence information and natural language model BERT embedding information, using an XGBoost classifier. The models were trained on three benchmark datasets. The model was training on three benchmark datasets for hyperparameter selection and was subsequently evaluated on several test datasets. The result indicate that our proposed method outperforms others in terms of AUROC and accuracy. The LBCE-BERT model is publicly available at: https://github.com/Lfang111/LBCE-BERT.
Deep learning for protein structure prediction and design—progress and applications
Authors: Jänes Jürgen , Beltrao Pedro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProteins are the key molecular machines that orchestrate all biological processes of the cell. Most proteins fold into three-dimensional shapes that are critical for their function. Studying the 3D shape of proteins can inform us of the mechanisms that underlie biological processes in living cells and can have practical applications in the study of disease mutations or the discovery of novel drug treatments. Here, we review the progress made in sequence-based prediction of protein structures with a focus on applications that go beyond the prediction of single monomer structures. This includes the application of deep learning methods for the prediction of structures of protein complexes, different conformations, the evolution of protein structures and the application of these methods to protein design. These developments create new opportunities for research that will have impact across many areas of biomedical research.
Endoscopic Biofeedback Training for Cough and Swallowing: The What, Why, and How
Authors: Curtis James A. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
Endoscopic biofeedback training is a type of augmented extrinsic feedback that provides information about physiological processes and bolus flow information through the use of flexible endoscopy. The goal of this tutorial is to describe why and how to incorporate endoscopic biofeedback training into cough and swallowing treatment when working with people with dystussia and dysphagia.

Method:
In this tutorial, we will review the diagnostic advantages and limitations of flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing as it relates to biofeedback training. We will then (a) review what is known about endoscopic biofeedback training in the field of speech-language pathology; (b) identify which airway protective behaviors clinicians might be best suited for endoscopic biofeedback training; and (c) provide a guide, including sample scripts and video demonstrations, that clinicians can use to aide in the implementation of endoscopic biofeedback training.

Conclusions:
Endoscopic biofeedback training for cough and swallowing habilitation and rehabilitation may be a useful addition to a speech-language pathologist's therapeutic armamentarium. However, more research is needed to comprehensively characterize the long-term effects on endoscopic biofeedback training on cough and swallowing treatment-related outcomes.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25043579
Ein Mesh-Vernebler für alle? In-vitro-Evaluation der Medikamentenverneblung bei spontan atmenden, nicht invasiv und invasiv beatmeten prähospitalen Notfallpatient*innen
Authors: Otto Matthias , Kropp Yannik , Terboven Tom , Becker Florian , Rehberger Florian , Jäger Evelyn , Neumaier Michael , Thiel Manfred , Tsagogiorgas Charalambos 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungZiel der In-vitro-Studie war es herauszufinden, welcher für den Rettungsdienst verfügbare Verneblertyp die höchste Medikamentendepositionsrate erreicht und bei welcher Beatmungsform diese zu erwarten ist.Ein Jet-Vernebler und ein Mesh-Vernebler wurden in einem In-vitro-Modell spontan atmender, nicht invasiv und invasiv beatmeter Notfallpatient*innen verglichen.Der Mesh-Vernebler erreichte unter Spontanatmung und NIV signifikant höhere Salbutamoldepositionsraten als der Jet-Vernebler. Beide Vernebler zeigten zudem unter NIV signifikant höhere Depositionsraten als unter Spontanatmung.Die standardmäßige Verwendung von Mesh-Verneblern könnte die Aerosoltherapie von Notfallpatient*innen unter Spontanatmung und NIV verbessern. Eine Verzögerung oder Unterbrechung der NIV-Therapie zugunsten einer Vernebelung unter Spontanatmung scheint im Rettungsdienst nicht indiziert.
Necessity of Tobramycin trough Levels in Once Daily Iv-Treatment in
Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Schlegtendal Anne , Rettberg Sophia , Maier Christoph , Brinkmann Folke , Koerner-Rettberg Cordula 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background Once daily intravenous (iv) treatment with tobramycin for
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) is
frequently monitored by measuring tobramycin trough levels (TLs). Although the
necessity of these TLs is recently questioned in pwCF without renal impairment,
no study has evaluated this so far. The aim of this observational study was to
evaluate the frequency of increased tobramycin TLs in pwCF treated with a once
daily tobramycin dosing protocol.
Methods Patient records of all consecutive once daily iv tobramycin
courses in 35 pwCF between 07/2009 and 07/2019 were analyzed for
tobramycin level, renal function, co-medication and comorbidity.
Results Eight elevated TLs (2.9% of 278 courses) were recorded in
four patients, two with normal renal function. One of these resolved without
adjustment of tobramycin dosages suggesting a test timing or laboratory error.
In the other patient the elevated tobramycin level decreased after tobramycin
dosage adjustment. Six of the elevated levels occurred in two patients with
chronic renal failure. In 15 other patients with reduced glomerular filtration
rate (GFR) (36 courses) but normal range creatinine no case of elevated
tobramycin trough levels was detected. Neither cumulative tobramycin dosages nor
concomitant diabetes or nutritional status were risk factors for elevated
TLs.
Conclusion Our data show that elevated tobramycin TLs are rare but cannot
be excluded, so determination of tobramycin TLs is still recommended for
safety.
Memantine versus Ginkgo biloba Extract: A Comparative Study on Cognitive Dysfunction Treatment in a Novel Rat Model
Authors: Allam Essmat A. H. , Assi Abdel-Azim , Badary Dalia M. , Farrag Magda M. Y. , Nicola Mariam A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExtracellular senile plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles are two devastating brain proteinopathies that are indicative of Alzheimerʼs disease, the most prevalent type of dementia. Currently, no effective medications are available to stop or reverse Alzheimerʼs disease. Ginkgo biloba extract, commonly referred to as EGb 761, is a natural product made from the leaves of the G. biloba tree. It has long been demonstrated to have therapeutic benefits in Alzheimerʼs disease. The current study assessed the beneficial effects of EGb 761 against Alzheimerʼs disease in comparison with memantine, a standard treatment for Alzheimerʼs disease. The scopolamine-heavy metals mixture rat Alzheimerʼs disease model is a newly created model to study the effects of EGb 761 oral therapy on cognitive performance and other Alzheimerʼs disease-like changes over a 28-day experimental period. This new Alzheimerʼs disease model provides better criteria for Alzheimerʼs
disease hallmarks than the conventional scopolamine model. The EGb 761 reversed memory and learning deficits induced by the scopolamine-heavy metals mixture. These outcomes were linked to a more pronounced inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase, caspase-3, hippocampal amyloid-beta protein (Aβ1 – 42), phosphorylated tau protein counts, and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β) compared to the memantine-treated group. Furthermore, EGb 761 treatment considerably reduced lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and improved reduced glutathione levels compared to memantine. Our results suggest EGb 761′s potential in treating central nervous system disorders. Itʼs a promising candidate for future Alzheimerʼs disease therapeutic exploration. This study also highlights the need for future research to focus on the positive benefits of herbal medicines.
Can Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Enhance the Effect of Sprint
Interval Training?
Authors: Takeda Ryosuke , Nojima Hiroya , Nishikawa Taichi , Okudaira Masamichi , Hirono Tetsuya , Watanabe Kohei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of subtetanic neuromuscular
electrical stimulation combined with voluntary exercise between repeated Wingate
tests on sprint exercise performance and blood lactate accumulation during
sprint interval training. Fifteen healthy young males volunteered. After 1-min
baseline, participants underwent the Wingate test twice. They performed a 4-min
intervention between tests: neuromuscular electrical stimulation with
free-weight cycling or voluntary cycling alone [43.6 (8.0) watts], which matched
oxygen consumption with neuromuscular electrical stimulation with free-weight
cycling. The blood lactate concentration was assessed at the end of the
baseline, at 3-min intervention, and on recovery at 1, 3, 5, and 10 min after
the second Wingate test. Peak and mean blood lactate concentration during
recovery were significantly greater with neuromuscular electrical stimulation
with free-weight cycling than voluntary cycling alone (P>0.036 and P=0.011,
respectively). Peak power, mean power, and rate of decline (fatigue index) were
not significantly different between conditions in both Wingate tests
(condition/interaction all P>0.300, partial η2<0.1). Subtetanic
neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with voluntary exercise indicated
similar exercise performance and fatigue levels during Wingate tests, but
enhanced blood lactate accumulation compared to oxygen consumption-matched
voluntary cycling during sprint interval training.
Photocatalytic Carbamoyl Radical Transfer to Alkenyl Azaarenes
Authors: Li Guang-xun , Ma Long-jun , Yu Zi-xuan , Ma Shi-Wei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract1-Phenyl-3-azaarenyl-propan-1-amine structural moieties have been widely incorporated in pharmaceuticals and biologically active compounds; however, current synthetic methods to access these compounds need multiple steps and proceed with low efficiency. Herein, we reported an efficient photocatalytic carbamoyl radical transfer approach that allows the preparation of these compounds in high yields (up to 88%). The reaction easily runs on a gram-scale and was applied for the preparation of pheniramine in two steps with 72% total yield.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Studies of Phenethylamine Alkaloid Natural Products Along with Their Analogues: Discolin A, B, E and Bacillimidazole B
Authors: Anindya Roy , Khan Faiz Ahmed , Khatua Rashmi Ranjan , Ahmad Sarwat Asma Ziya , Das Susmita 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe first total synthesis of phenethylamine alkaloid based natural products discolin A, B, E and bacillimidazole B is reported, which were isolated from marine sea bacteria Tenacibaculum discolor sv11 and marine sponge. Total syntheses of discolin A, B, E and bacillimidazole B are achieved in two linear steps including condensation reaction and N-alkylation reaction with an overall yield of 68%, 35%, 65%, and 32%, respectively. A total of 24 analogues are prepared with moderate to excellent yield. All the natural products and their analogues were screened for antibacterial activity. The most active compound showed an IC50 of 122.1 nM against P. aeruginosa.
Effects of Resistance Training Overload Progression Protocols on
Strength and Muscle Mass
Authors: Chaves Talisson Santos , Scarpelli Maíra Camargo , Bergamasco João Guilherme Almeida , Silva Deivid Gomes da , Medalha Junior Ricardo Alessandro , Dias Nathalia Fernanda , Bittencourt Diego , Carello Filho Paulo Cesar , Angleri Vitor , Nóbrega Sanmy Rocha , Roberts Michael D. , Ugrinowitsch Carlos , Libardi Cleiton Augusto 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the effects of progressive overload in
resistance training on muscle strength and cross-sectional area (CSA) by
specifically comparing the impact of increasing load (LOADprog) versus an
increase in repetitions (REPSprog). We used a within-subject experimental design
in which 39 previously untrained young persons (20 men and 19 women) had their
legs randomized to LOADprog and REPSprog. Outcomes were assessed before and
after 10 weeks of training. Muscle strength was assessed using the one
repetition maximum (1RM) test on the leg extension exercise, and the CSA of the
vastus lateralis was assessed by ultrasonography. Both protocols increased 1RM
values from pre (LOADprog: 52.90±16.32 kg; REPSprog: 51.67±15.84 kg) to post
(LOADprog: 69.05±18.55 kg, REPSprog: 66.82±17.95 kg), with no difference between
them (P+>+0.05). Similarly, both protocols also increased in CSA
values from pre (LOADprog: 21.34±4.71 cm²; REPSprog: 21.08±4.62 cm²) to post
(LOADprog: 23.53±5.41 cm², REPSprog: 23.39±5.19 cm²), with no difference between
them (P+>+0.05). In conclusion, our findings indicate that the
progression of overload through load or repetitions can be used to promote gains
in strength and muscle hypertrophy in young men and women in the early stages of
training.
Stereodivergent Carbon–Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions
Authors: Healy Alan R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStereodivergent catalysis has emerged as a compelling strategy for achieving stereochemical diversity in small-molecule library design and natural product synthesis. In this short review, key examples of pioneering catalytic carbon–carbon bond-forming transformations that provide access to all stereoisomers of a given product are presented. Current trends and future directions in the field are discussed, highlighting ongoing initiatives to enhance the efficiency and broaden the scope of stereodivergent methodologies.1	Introduction2	Mono-catalysis2.1	Change of Reaction Conditions2.2	Change of Catalyst3	Multi-catalysis3.1	Bifunctional Catalysis3.2	Sequential/Cascade Catalysis3.3	Synergistic/Cooperative Catalysis4	Conclusions and Outlook
HRI London 2023: The Homeopathy Research Community Reunites after a 4-Year Hiatus, Sparking Fresh Collaborations between Researchers ‘Old and New’
Authors: Roberts E. Rachel , Mosley Angelina J. , van der Werf Esther T. , Tournier Alexander L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Homeopathy Research Institute's (HRI) 5th international research conference took place in the heart of London, from 16th to 18th June 2023. With 230 attendees from 27 countries, HRI's conferences remain truly international. HRI London 2023 will be remembered for its inspiring blend of ‘old and new’, with a programme notable for the maturity of the evidence presented by experienced names drawing on decades of work, as well as the enthusiasm and skill of up-and-coming researchers who took the floor to present their new findings. In this report, we present scientific highlights from the event.
Meta-analysis: Bilateral and Unilateral Cerebral Perfusion in Type A Dissection
Authors: Naito Noritsugu , Takagi Hisato 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background This meta-analysis compared the outcomes of bilateral cerebral perfusion (BCP) and unilateral cerebral perfusion (UCP) in aortic surgery for acute type A aortic dissection.
Methods A systematic literature search identified 12 studies involving 4,547 patients. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to analyze perioperative characteristics, short-term mortality rates, and postoperative neurological complications.
Results No significant differences were found between the BCP and UCP groups in terms of cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross clamp time, lowest body temperature, and lower body circulatory arrest time. Short-term mortality rates (OR [95% CI] = 0.87 [0.64–1.19], p = 0.40) and permanent neurological deficits (OR [95% CI] = 1.01 [0.69–1.47], p = 0.96) were comparable between the groups. However, subgroup analysis of studies exclusively involving total arch replacement showed a lower short-term mortality rate (OR [95% CI] = 0.42 [0.28–0.63], p < 0.01) and permanent neurological deficits (OR [95% CI] = 0.53 [0.30–0.92], p = 0.03) in the BCP group. The BCP group also had a lower rate of temporary neurological deficits (OR [95% CI] = 0.70 [0.53–0.93], p = 0.01), particularly in studies exclusively involving total arch replacement (OR [95% CI] = 0.58 [0.40–0.85], p < 0.01).
Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that BCP and UCP yield comparable outcomes. However, BCP may be associated with lower short-term mortality rates and reduced incidence of neurological complications, particularly in cases requiring total arch replacement. BCP should be considered as a preferred cerebral perfusion in specific patient populations.
Chapter 9. Gestural mimesis as “as-if” action
Authors: Müller Cornelia 
Published: January 2024

It is argued that gestural mimesis involves “as-if” actions that explain the transition from practical and literal actions with the hands to communicative actions of the hands. Concerning the term and the concept “pantomime,” it is suggested that it be primarily reserved for artistic practice and used for this type of communicative action only with great care. Given the fundamental role of mimesis to gestures (hand-gestures as well as full body gestures), it is proposed that gestures in general be conceived of as “mimetic expressive movements” – no matter whether they are used in the presence or absence of spoken or signed language. In order to underline the continuity between gestures created on the spot and conventionalized gestural forms, It is suggested to use the term miming or mimesis no matter whether gestures replace or accompany language. The chapter offers an introduction to the theoretical motivations and illustrates the empirical and methodological implications of this proposal. It first sketches three key aspects of an approach to gestures as mimetic expressive movements, then shows that mimesis grounds gestures with different communicative functions, illustrating its emergent productivity along the dynamics of different types of discourse and briefly touches upon dynamics in terms of historical change and how this affects the kinesics and the meaning of gestures. Finally, it is briefly indicated how conceiving of gestures as mimetic expressive movements affects the methodology for gesture analysis.
How can the global temperature increase be explained to students?
Authors: De Luca R , Lamberti V 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The temperature increase of the system Earth-atmosphere can be described by means of a parallelism between the leaking bucket’s dynamics and the energy balance between the incoming radiant power from the Sun and the outcoming net heat flow rate to outer space. The analogy is interesting from a didactical point of view, since the stable fixed point of the temperature can be related to the height of the water inside the leaking bucket in the presence of a fixed fluid flow rate. Qualitative predictions of global temperature increase for increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere can be obtained by reducing the outcoming net heat flow rate, using buckets with smaller orifices.
Boundary asymptotics of non-intersecting Brownian motions: Pearcey, Airy and a transition
Authors: Neuschel Thorsten , Venker Martin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We study n non-intersecting Brownian motions, corresponding to the eigenvalues of an n × n Hermitian Brownian motion. At the boundary of their limit shape we find that only three universal processes can arise: the Pearcey process close to merging points, the Airy line ensemble at edges and a novel determinantal process describing the transition from the Pearcey process to the Airy line ensemble. The three cases are distinguished by a remarkably simple integral condition. Our results hold under very mild assumptions, in particular we do not require any kind of convergence of the initial configuration as

n
→
∞

. Applications to largest eigenvalues of macro- and mesoscopic bulks and to random initial configurations are given.