bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimensional Accuracy of Three Different Alginate Impression Materials
Authors: Cohen Brett I. , Pagnillo Mark , Deutsch Allan S. , Lee Musikant Barry 
Published: March 2005

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dimensional stability of three different alginate impression materials (Jeltrate [Caulk Dentsply, LD Caulk Division, Dentsply International, Milford, DE], Hydrogum [Zhermack, Padoua, Italy], and a new hydrophilic alginate material [Essential Dental Systems, South Hackensack, NJ]) under five different storage conditions.Materials and Methods The study was divided into four groups with at least eight samples in each group. The five storage conditions were as follows: immediate, 10 minutes with a wet towel, 30 minutes without a wet towel, 1 hour with a wet towel, and 24 hours with a wet towel. A 4 × 5 factorial two‐way analysis of variance (P < .05) was used on each dependent variable. Dunnett's test was used to compare each alginate with Jeltrate.Results The new hydrophilic alginate (group 4, 2:2) showed smaller measurements in the buccolingual and diagonal dimensions compared with Jeltrate (control).Conclusions The immediate method (measured buccolingually and diagonally) produced more accurate casts for the alginate materials studied. All other materials studied were similar statistically. The new hydrophilic alginate in group 3 resulted in similar dimensional accuracy compared with Jeltrate and Hydrogum and incorporated 25% less water.
Accuracy of Wax, Autopolymerized, and Light‐Polymerized Resin Pattern Materials
Authors: Iglesias Alan , Powers John M. , Pierpont Hugh P. 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThe marginal fit of MOD inlay and full‐crown patterns fabricated from wax, autopolymerized acrylic resin, and two light‐polymerized, diacrylate resin pattern materials was compared on standardized dies.Materials and MethodsFour pattern materials were studied—two light‐polymerized, diacrylate resin materials (Palavit G LC and Triad VLC Burnout Paste), an inlay wax, and an autopolymerized resin (Duralay). Patterns were fabricated using incremental and bulk techniques on stone dies made from addition silicone impressions of American Dental Association MOD and full‐crown master dies. Gaps were measured with a measuring microscope in four marginal areas on the master dies at 1 and 24 hours after fabrication.ResultsFor the MOD inlay patterns, marginal gaps ranged from 7 to 23 μm, and the light‐polymerized, diacrylate resins and autopolymerized acrylic resin material had statistically smaller gaps than the inlay wax. For the full‐crown patterns, marginal gaps ranged from 10 to 23 μm, with the exception of the autopolymerized acrylic resin prepared by the bulk technique (40 to 46 μm). With the incremental technique, the light‐polymerized, diacrylate resins and inlay wax had statistically smaller gaps than the autopolymerized acrylic resin material. Overall, the incremental technique produced equal or smaller marginal gaps than the bulk technique for full‐crown patterns. Generally, the patterns measured at 1 hour had smaller marginal gaps than at 24 hours.ConclusionsWhen measured on intra‐ and extracoronal master dies, the light‐polymerized, diacrylate resins had equal or better marginal fit, compared with wax or autopolymerized acrylic resin, and were less affected by placement technique and storage. The marginal gaps of all four pattern materials ranged from 7 to 46 μ and are within the range of clinical acceptability.
Zygomatic complex fractures in a suburban Nigerian population
Authors: Ugboko Vincent , Udoye Christopher , Ndukwe Kizito , Amole Adewumi , Aregbesola Stephen 
Published: March 2005

Abstract –  A retrospective analysis of 128 zygomatic complex fractures was undertaken. There were 109 males (85.2%) and 19 females (14.8%), aged 3–74 years (mean ± SD, 33 ± 12.6 years). Patients in the third decade of life (38.3%) recorded the highest incidence. Road traffic accidents (74.2%) mainly from automobile (61.7%) and motorcycle (9.4%) involvement were the predominant etiology. While 38.8% of them presented within the first 24 h, males were relatively earlier than their female counterparts, although this was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).Class 3 fractures were the commonest (50%), followed by classes 2 (zygomatic arch) and 4, respectively. Most class 6 fractures (6.3%) resulted from gunshot injuries. There were 116 unilateral (left 63, right 53) and 12 bilateral fractures with the right side of the face recording more zygomatic arch fractures. In addition, statistical significance was observed between etiology, class and type of fracture (P < 0.05). One hundred and twenty‐four (136 fractures) patients were available for treatment as four declined. Twelve cases did not require treatment while others were managed by either closed or open reduction under general anesthesia. Gillies’ temporal approach was the commonest (57.1%) surgical technique employed. However the unstable nature of the fractures necessitated open reduction and transosseous wiring in 33 cases. The high prevalence of zygomatic complex fractures arising from vehicular accidents reflects the poor status of the road network in rural and suburban Nigerian communities. Hence government should improve on existing infrastructures, decongest the highways and enforce traffic laws amongst road users. In addition, the need to encourage massive investments in safer alternative transport systems is emphasized.
USE OF CONFIDENCE ELLIPSES IN A PCA APPLIED TO SENSORY ANALYSIS APPLICATION TO THE COMPARISON OF MONOVARIETAL CIDERS
Authors: HUSSON FRANÇOIS , BOCQUET VALÉRY , PAGÈS JÉRÔME 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT In a descriptive sensory analysis, a principal component analysis (PCA) is usually applied to analyze products with attributes. To visualize the variability of a mean point (i.e., the center of gravity of the product), we introduced confidence ellipses. In this particular application, resampling methods are performed. Twenty products composed of five varieties of cider were studied. We would like to know if these five varieties are different. Confidence ellipses reveal differences between varieties foreshadowed in PCA.
Cryptic Paraflagellar Rod in Endosymbiont-Containing Kinetoplastid Protozoa
Authors: Gadelha Catarina , Wickstead Bill , de Souza Wanderley , Gull Keith , Cunha-e-Silva Narcisa 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

Cilia and flagella are central to many biological processes in a diverse range of organisms. The kinetoplastid protozoa are very appealing models for the study of flagellar function, particularly in the light of the availability of extensive trypanosomatid genome information. In addition to the highly conserved 9 + 2 axoneme, the kinetoplastid flagellum contains a characteristic paraflagellar rod structure (PFR). The PFR is necessary for full motility and provides support for metabolic regulators that may influence flagellar beating. However, there is an intriguing puzzle: one clade of endosymbiont-containing kinetoplastids apparently lack a PFR yet are as motile as species that possess a PFR and are able to attach to the invertebrate host epithelia. We investigated how these organisms are able to locomote despite the apparent lack of PFR. Here we have identified a
PFR1
gene in the endosymbiont-bearing trypanosome
Crithidia deanei
. This gene is expressed in
C. deanei
and is able to partially complement a
pfr1
null mutation in
Leishmania mexicana
cells, demonstrating that the encoded protein is functional. Careful reexamination of
C. deanei
flagellar ultrastructure revealed a greatly reduced PFR missed by many previous analyses. This affirms the PFR as a canonical organelle of kinetoplastids. Moreover, although PFR proteins have been conserved in evolution, primary sequence differences contribute to particular PFR morphotypes characteristic of different kinetoplastid species.
Genomic Analysis of
PIS1
Gene Expression
Authors: Gardocki Mary E. , Bakewell Margaret , Kamath Deepa , Robinson Kelly , Borovicka Kathy , Lopes John M. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

The
Saccharomyces cerevisiae PIS1
gene is essential and required for the final step in the de novo synthesis of phosphatidylinositol. Transcription of the
PIS1
gene is uncoupled from the factors that regulate other yeast phospholipid biosynthetic genes. Most of the phospholipid biosynthetic genes are regulated in response to inositol and choline via a regulatory circuit that includes the Ino2p:Ino4p activator complex and the Opi1p repressor.
PIS1
is regulated in response to carbon source and anaerobic growth conditions. Both of these regulatory responses are modest, which is not entirely surprising since
PIS1
is essential. However, even modest regulation of
PIS1
expression has been shown to affect phosphatidylinositol metabolism and to affect cell cycle progression. This prompted the present study, which employed a genomic screen, database mining, and more traditional promoter analysis to identify genes that affect
PIS1
expression. A screen of the viable yeast deletion set identified 120 genes that affect expression of a
PIS1-lacZ
reporter. The gene set included several peroxisomal genes, silencing genes, and transcription factors. Factors suggested by database mining, such as Pho2 and Yfl044c, were also found to affect
PIS1-lacZ
expression. A
PIS1
promoter deletion study identified an upstream regulatory sequence element that was required for carbon source regulation located downstream of three previously defined upstream activation sequence elements. Collectively, these studies demonstrate how a collection of genomic and traditional strategies can be implemented to identify a set of genes that affect the regulation of an essential gene.
Global transcriptome analysis of the C57BL/6J mouse testis by SAGE: evidence for nonrandom gene order
Authors: Divina Petr , Vlček Čestmír , Strnad Petr , Pačes Václav , Forejt Jiří 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
We generated the gene expression profile of the total testis from the adult C57BL/6J male mice using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Two high-quality SAGE libraries containing a total of 76 854 tags were constructed. An extensive bioinformatic analysis and comparison of SAGE transcriptomes of the total testis, testicular somatic cells and other mouse tissues was performed and the theory of male-biased gene accumulation on the X chromosome was tested.

Results
We sorted out 829 genes predominantly expressed from the germinal part and 944 genes from the somatic part of the testis. The genes preferentially and specifically expressed in total testis and testicular somatic cells were identified by comparing the testis SAGE transcriptomes to the available transcriptomes of seven non-testis tissues. We uncovered chromosomal clusters of adjacent genes with preferential expression in total testis and testicular somatic cells by a genome-wide search and found that the clusters encompassed a significantly higher number of genes than expected by chance. We observed a significant 3.2-fold enrichment of the proportion of X-linked genes specific for testicular somatic cells, while the proportions of X-linked genes specific for total testis and for other tissues were comparable. In contrast to the tissue-specific genes, an under-representation of X-linked genes in the total testis transcriptome but not in the transcriptomes of testicular somatic cells and other tissues was detected.

Conclusion
Our results provide new evidence in favor of the theory of male-biased genes accumulation on the X chromosome in testicular somatic cells and indicate the opposite action of the meiotic X-inactivation in testicular germ cells.
Health care reform and job satisfaction of primary health care physicians in Lithuania
Authors: Buciuniene Ilona , Blazeviciene Aurelija , Bliudziute Egle 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
The aim of this research paper is to study job satisfaction of physicians and general practitioners at primary health care institutions during the health care reform in Lithuania.

Methods
Self-administrated anonymous questionnaires were distributed to all physicians and general practitioners (N = 243, response rate – 78.6%), working at Kaunas primary health care level establishments, in October – December 2003.

Results
15 men (7.9%) and 176 women (92.1%) participated in the research, among which 133 (69.6%) were GPs and 58 (30.4%) physicians. Respondents claimed to have chosen to become doctors, as other professions were of no interest to them. Total job satisfaction of the respondents was 4.74 point (on a 7 point scale). Besides 75.5% of the respondents said they would not recommend their children to choose a PHC level doctor's profession. The survey also showed that the respondents were most satisfied with the level of autonomy they get at work – 5.28, relationship with colleagues – 5.06, and management quality – 5.04, while compensation (2.09), social status (3.36), and workload (3.93) turned to be causing the highest dissatisfaction among the respondents. The strongest correlation (Spearmen's ratio) was observed between total job satisfaction and such factors as the level of autonomy – 0.566, workload – 0.452, and GP's social status – 0.458.

Conclusion
Total job satisfaction of doctors working at primary health care establishments in Lithuania is relatively low, and compensation, social status, and workload are among the key factors that condition PHC doctors' dissatisfaction with their job.
Emergency vaccination of rabies under limited resources – combating or containing?
Authors: Eisinger Dirk , Thulke Hans-Hermann , Selhorst Thomas , Müller Thomas 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Rabies is the most important viral zoonosis from a global perspective. Worldwide efforts to combat the disease by oral vaccination of reservoirs have managed to eradicate wildlife rabies in large areas of central Europe and North-America. Thus, repeated vaccination has been discontinued recently on a geographical scale. However, as rabies has not yet been eradicated globally, a serious risk of re-introduction remains. What is the best spatial design for an emergency vaccination program – particularly if resources are limited? Either, we treat a circular area around the detected case and run the risk of infected hosts leaving the limited control area, because a sufficient immunisation level has not yet been built up. Or, initially concentrate the SAME resources in order to establish a protective ring which is more distant from the infected local area, and which then holds out against the challenge of the approaching epidemic.

Methods
We developed a simulation model to contrast the two strategies for emergency vaccination. The spatial-explicit model is based on fox group home-ranges, which facilitates the simulation of rabies spread to larger areas relevant to management. We used individual-based fox groups to follow up the effects of vaccination in a detailed manner. Thus, regionally – bait distribution orientates itself to standard schemes of oral immunisation programs and locally – baits are assigned to individual foxes.

Results
Surprisingly, putting the controlled area ring-like around the outbreak does not outperform the circular area of the same size centred on the outbreak. Only during the very first baitings, does the ring area result in fewer breakouts. But then as rabies is eliminated within the circle area, the respective ring area fails, due to the non-controlled inner part.
We attempt to take advantage of the initially fewer breakouts beyond the ring when applying a mixed strategy. Therefore, after a certain number of baitings, the area under control was increased for both strategies towards the same larger circular area. The circle-circle strategy still outperforms the ring-circle strategy and analysis of the spatial-temporal disease spread reveals why: improving control efficacy by means of a mixed strategy is impossible in the field, due to the build-up time of population immunity.

Conclusion
For practical emergency management of a new outbreak of rabies, the ring-like application of oral vaccination is not a favourable strategy at all. Even if initial resources are substantially low and there is a serious risk of rabies cases outside the limited control area, our results suggest circular application instead of ring vaccination.
Postage stamp multiple anterior capsulorhexisotomies in pediatric cataract surgery
Authors: Titiyal Jeewan S , Sinha Rajesh , Sharma Namrata , Vajpayee Rasik B 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Capsule related complications are common following pediatric cataract surgery. We report a new technique of multiple anterior capsulorhexisotomies after lens aspiration and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Methods
After performing automated lens aspiration, an IOL was implanted into the capsular bag. A bent 26 gauge needle was introduced through one side port and multiple small cuts were made in one half of the circumference of the anterior capsular rim by making a radial movement of the needle tip centripetally over the margin of the anterior capsular rim. The needle was again introduced through the other side port and multiple similar cuts were made in the other half thereby creating nearly 20 – 30 cuts at the margin of the anterior capsular rim.

Results
The mean size of the primary capsulorhexis was 4.33 ± 0.20 mm. A uniform enlargement of the capsulorhexis could be performed in all the eyes without peripheral extension in any of the eyes. There was no damage to the posterior capsule and no scratch mark on the IOL. In one eye, the primary capsulorhexis was slightly eccentric, though it was covering the IOL optic all around. The rhexisotomies in this eye were limited to the capsular rim that was overlapping more on the IOL optic (sectoral anterior capsulorhexisotomies).

Conclusion
The technique of postage stamp anterior capsulorhexisotomies is a feasible technique in pediatric cataracts.
Patterns of lung cancer mortality in 23 countries: Application of the Age-Period-Cohort model
Authors: Liaw Yung-Po , Huang Yi-Chia , Lien Guang-Wen 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Smoking habits do not seem to be the main explanation of the epidemiological characteristics of female lung cancer mortality in Asian countries. However, Asian countries are often excluded from studies of geographical differences in trends for lung cancer mortality. We thus examined lung cancer trends from 1971 to 1995 among men and women for 23 countries, including four in Asia.

Methods
International and national data were used to analyze lung cancer mortality from 1971 to 1995 in both sexes. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) were analyzed in five consecutive five-year periods and for each five-year age group in the age range 30 to 79. The age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to estimate the period effect (adjusted for age and cohort effects) for mortality from lung cancer.

Results
The sex ratio of the ASMR for lung cancer was lower in Asian countries, while the sex ratio of smoking prevalence was higher in Asian countries. The mean values of the sex ratio of the ASMR from lung cancer in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Japan for the five 5-year period were 2.10, 2.39, 3.07, and 3.55, respectively. These values not only remained quite constant over each five-year period, but were also lower than seen in the western countries. The period effect, for lung cancer mortality as derived for the 23 countries from the APC model, could be classified into seven patterns.

Conclusion
Period effects for both men and women in 23 countries, as derived using the APC model, could be classified into seven patterns. Four Asian countries have a relatively low sex ratio in lung cancer mortality and a relatively high sex ratio in smoking prevalence. Factors other than smoking might be important, especially for women in Asian countries.
Cross-cultural adaptation of the VISA-A questionnaire, an index of clinical severity for patients with Achilles tendinopathy, with reliability, validity and structure evaluations
Authors: Silbernagel Karin Grävare , Thomeé Roland , Karlsson Jon 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Achilles tendinopathy is considered to be one of the most common overuse injuries in elite and recreational athletes and the recommended treatment varies. One factor that has been stressed in the literature is the lack of standardized outcome measures that can be used in all countries. One such standardized outcome measure is the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment – Achilles (VISA-A) questionnaire, which is designed to evaluate the clinical severity for patients with Achilles tendinopathy. The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the VISA-A questionnaire to Swedish, and to perform reliability, validity and structure evaluations.

Methods
Cross-cultural adaptation was performed in several steps including translations, synthesis of translations, back translations, expert committee review and pre-testing. The final Swedish version, the VISA-A Swedish version (VISA-A-S) was tested for reliability on healthy individuals (n = 15), and patients (n = 22). Tests for internal consistency, validity and structure were performed on 51 patients.

Results
The VISA-A-S had good reliability for patients (r = 0.89, ICC = 0.89) and healthy individuals (r = 0.89–0.99, ICC = 0.88–0.99). The internal consistency was 0.77 (Cronbach's alpha). The mean [95% confidence interval] VISA-A-S score in the 51 patients (50 [44–56]) was significantly lower than in the healthy individuals (96 [94–99]). The VISA-A-S score correlated significantly (Spearman's r = -0.68) with another tendon grading system. Criterion validity was considered good when comparing the scores of the Swedish version with the English version in both healthy individuals and patients. The factor analysis gave the factors pain/symptoms and physical activity

Conclusion
The VISA-A-S questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument and comparable to the original version. It measures two factors: pain/symptoms and physical activity, and can be used in both research and the clinical setting.
Increasing Incidence of Late Second Malignancies After Conditioning With Cyclophosphamide and Total-Body Irradiation and Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Brown Jennifer R. , Yeckes Heather , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Neuberg Donna , Kim Helen , Nadler Lee M. , Freedman Arnold S. 
Published: March 2005

Purpose Although the risk of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) has been well-described following autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT), the risk of solid tumors has been poorly characterized. We report the incidence and outcome of solid tumors at 10-year follow-up in a large cohort of uniformly treated patients who underwent ABMT for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Patients and Methods Between 1982 and 1997, 605 patients underwent ABMT for B-cell NHL, with uniform conditioning with cyclophosphamide and total-body irradiation followed by reinfusion of autologous bone marrow purged with anti–B-cell monoclonal antibodies. Current information on relapse of disease and second malignancies was obtained via an institutional review board–approved questionnaire sent to the referring oncologists. Results Forty-two solid tumors, six non-MDS hematologic malignancies, 39 nonmelanoma skin cancers, and 68 cases of MDS/acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) were observed at a median follow-up of 9.5 years. A cumulative incidence model using death as a competing risk found that the 10-year incidence of second malignancy is 21%, with 10.0% non-MDS malignancies. The projected incidence of all malignancies at 15 years is 29%. The principal risk factor for second malignancy is increased age at ABMT (P = .0002). In the entire cohort, 9.6% of patients have died of second malignancy. Conclusion Lengthy follow-up demonstrates a significant incidence of second malignancies after ABMT for NHL. Although the incidence of MDS/AML starts to plateau, the incidence of solid tumors continues to rise. Second malignancies are responsible for a significant fraction of overall mortality following ABMT.