bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to electronic gadgets and refractive errors among adolescents: A case–control study
Authors: Inchara N. , Jammula Sai Monisha , Praveen Kumar B. A. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
The increasing use of electronic gadgets (e-gadgets) has dramatically changed the adolescent lifestyle. There are rising concerns about the ill effects of the high usage of illuminated screens on vision, especially in adolescents.

Objectives:
The objective was to explore the pattern of e-gadget use and its association with refractive errors (REs) among adolescents.

Methods:
A case–control study was carried out among adolescents attending a tertiary care hospital. Adolescents with REs (cases) were compared with those without REs (controls) based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two hundred matched adolescents (case-to-control ratio 1:1) were interviewed for exposure history to e-gadget use and pattern. The Chi-square test and odds ratio (OR) were calculated to find the association between e-gadget use and REs.

Results:
Age (17.3 ± 3.4 vs. 16.8 ± 3.3 years) and gender distribution between cases and controls were comparable. The e-gadget exposure among cases was higher than in controls (OR 1.4 P > 0.05); however, it is the duration of e-gadget exposure for >5 years was significantly higher among the cases (OR 4.6 P < 0.05). During e-gadget usage, sitting posture (OR 7.5 P < 0.05), poor lighting, indoor activity, and irregular sleep patterns were higher among cases. The purpose of using e-gadgets was predominantly for social media and browsing in cases and the educational or reading purpose among controls.

Conclusion:
Lesser duration, correct posture, and proper purpose of exposure to e-gadget are associated with lesser risk for REs. Results highlight the collective role of adolescents, parents, teachers, and doctors in education and lifestyle modification on e-gadget use.
Multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment nutritional support intervention for gastrointestinal tumor radiotherapy: Impact on nutrition and quality of life
Authors: Hui Lin , Zhang Ying-Ying , Hu Xiao-Dan 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND
Gastrointestinal tumors are a major cause of cancer-related deaths and have become a major public health problem. This study aims to provide a scientific basis for improving clinical treatment effects, quality of life, and prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal tumors.
AIM
To explore the clinical effect of the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment (MDT) nutrition intervention model on patients with gastrointestinal tumors.
METHODS
This was a case control study which included patients with gastrointestinal tumors who received radiotherapy at the Department of Oncology between January 2021 and January 2023. Using a random number table, 120 patients were randomly divided into MDT and control groups with 60 patients in each group. To analyze the effect of MDT on the nutritional status and quality of life of the patients, the nutritional status and quality of life scores of the patients were measured before and after the treatment.
RESULTS
Albumin (ALB), transferrin (TRF), hemoglobin (Hb), and total protein (TP) levels significantly decreased after the treatment. The control group had significantly lower ALB, TRF, Hb, and TP levels than the MDT group, and the differences in these levels between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). After the treatment, the MDT group had significantly more well-nourished patients than the control group (P < 0.05). The quality of life total score, somatic functioning, role functioning, and emotional functioning were higher in the MDT group than in the control group. By contrast, pain, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting scores were lower in the MDT group than in the control group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
MDT nutritional intervention model effectively improves the nutritional status and quality of life of the patients. The study provides a rigorous theoretical basis for improving the prognosis of cancer patients. In the future, we intend to provide additional treatment methods for improving the quality of life of patients with cancer.
Association between the early high level of serum tacrolimus and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in ABO-incompatible liver transplantation
Authors: Han Ji Won , Choi Jong Young , Jung Eun Sun , Kim Ji Hoon , Cho Hee Sun , Yoo Jae-Sung , Sung Pil Soo , Jang Jeong Won , Yoon Seung Kew , Choi Ho Joong , You Young Kyoung 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND
Clinical factors predicting graft survival (GS) after ABO-incompatible (ABOi) liver transplantation (LT), and differences between recipients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are unclear.
AIM
To analyze the impact of serial serum tacrolimus trough concentration in recipients with or without HCC) in ABOi living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT).
METHODS
We analyzed a historical cohort of 89 recipients who underwent ABOi LDLT, including 47 patients with HCC.
RESULTS
The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year GS rates were 85.9%, 73.3%, 71.4%, and 71.4%, respectively, and there were no significant differences between HCC and non-HCC recipients. In multivariate Cox-regression analyses, tacrolimus trough concentrations below 5.4 ng/mL at 24 wk post-LT, in addition to the antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) were associated with poor-graft outcomes. In HCC patients, AMR [hazard ratio (HR) = 63.20, P < 0.01] and HCC recurrence (HR = 20.72, P = 0.01) were significantly associated with poor graft outcomes. HCCs outside Milan criteria, and tacrolimus concentrations at 4 wk post-LT > 7.3 ng/mL were significant predictive factors for HCC recurrence. After propensity score matching, patients with high tacrolimus concentrations at 4 wk had significantly poor recurrence-free survival.
CONCLUSION
Elevated tacrolimus levels at 4 wk after ABOi LDLT have been found to correlate with HCC recurrence. Therefore, careful monitoring and control of tacrolimus levels are imperative in ABOi LT recipients with HCC.
Application of electroacupuncture in the prevention of low anterior resection syndrome after rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Xu Lu-Lu , Xiang Neng-Jun , Cheng Tian-Cheng , Li Yi-Xian , Chen Peng , Jiang Zhi-Wei , Liu Xin-Xin 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND
Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) is one of the common postoperative complications in patients with rectal cancer, which seriously affects their postoperative recovery and quality of life (QoL). Electroacupuncture therapy is one of the characteristic therapies of traditional Chinese medicine. There are few reports on the prevention and treatment of LARS by electroacupuncture therapy.
AIM
To explore the clinical effectiveness of electroacupuncture in managing rectal cancer patients with postoperative LARS.
METHODS
A total of 50 patients with LARS after rectal cancer surgery were retrospectively selected as the research subjects. According to the treatment methods, they were divided into an observation group (n = 25) and a control group (n = 25). During the four-week treatment period, the control group received standard defecation function training, while the observation group received electroacupuncture care and traditional defecation function training. The anal pressure index (which includes anal resting pressure, anal systolic pressure, and maximum tolerable volume), European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QoL C30 (QLQ-C30) score, LARS Scale (LARSS) score, Wexner anal incontinence scale score, Xu Zhongfa five-item 10-point scale score, and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.
RESULTS
The experimental group showed considerably enhanced LARSS scores compared to those in the control group after four weeks of treatment. In the first week, second week, and fourth week, the LARSS score and Wexner anal incontinence scale score decreased, and the Xu Zhong method five-item 10-point scale score increased, with significant differences (P < 0.05). The experimental group showed substantial improvements in anal resting pressure, anal systolic pressure, and maximum tolerance volume after undergoing 4 wk of therapy in the untreated group (P < 0.05). The experimental group's QLQ-C30 score on the EORTC QoL questionnaire was higher than that of the control group during the 1st, 2nd, and 4th wk (P < 0.05). No significant variation between the groups in the frequency of adverse reactions (P > 0.05) was observed.
CONCLUSION
Electroacupuncture positively impacted LARS following rectal cancer surgery, effectively improving clinical symptoms and anal pressure indicators and patients’ standard of life.
Prediction of the lymphatic, microvascular, and perineural invasion of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Liu Yu-Liang , Zhu Hai-Bin , Chen Mai-Lin , Sun Wei , Li Xiao-Ting , Sun Ying-Shi 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND
Significant correlation between lymphatic, microvascular, and perineural invasion (LMPI) and the prognosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PENTs) was confirmed by previous studies. There was no previous study reported the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters and LMPI.
AIM
To determine the feasibility of using preoperative MRI of the pancreas to predict LMPI in patients with non-functioning PENTs (NFPNETs).
METHODS
A total of 61 patients with NFPNETs who underwent MRI scans and lymphadenectomy from May 2011 to June 2018 were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into group 1 (n = 34, LMPI negative) and group 2 (n = 27, LMPI positive). The clinical characteristics and qualitative MRI features were collected. In order to predict LMPI status in NF-PNETs, a multivariate logistic regression model was constructed. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by calculating the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve with area under ROC, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy.
RESULTS
There were significant differences in the lymph node metastasis stage, tumor grade, neuron-specific enolase levels, tumor margin, main pancreatic ductal dilatation, common bile duct dilatation, enhancement pattern, vascular and adjacent tissue involvement, synchronous liver metastases, the long axis of the largest lymph node, the short axis of the largest lymph node, number of the lymph nodes with short axis > 5 or 10 mm, and tumor volume between two groups (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor margin (odds ratio = 11.523, P < 0.001) was a predictive factor for LMPI of NF-PNETs. The area under the receiver value for the predictive performance of combined predictive factors was 0.855. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of the model were 48.1% (14/27), 97.1% (33/34), 97.1% (13/14), 70.2% (33/47) and 0.754, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Using preoperative MRI, ill-defined tumor margins can effectively predict LMPI in patients with NF-PNETs.
Hepatic vagotomy blunts liver regeneration after hepatectomy by downregulating the expression of interleukin-22
Authors: Zhou Heng , Xu Ju-Ling , Huang San-Xiong , He Ying , He Xiao-Wei , Lu Sheng , Yao Bin 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND
Rapid regeneration of the residual liver is one of the key determinants of successful partial hepatectomy (PHx). At present, there is a lack of recognized safe, effective, and stable drugs to promote liver regeneration. It has been reported that vagus nerve signaling is beneficial to liver regeneration, but the potential mechanism at play here is not fully understood.
AIM
To explore the effect and mechanism of hepatic vagus nerve in liver regeneration after PHx.
METHODS
A PHx plus hepatic vagotomy (Hv) mouse model was established. The effect of Hv on liver regeneration after PHx was determined by comparing the liver regeneration levels of the PHx-Hv group and the PHx-sham group mice. In order to further investigate the role of interleukin (IL)-22 in liver regeneration inhibition mediated by Hv, the levels of IL-22 in the PHx-Hv group and the PHx-sham group was measured. The degree of liver injury in the PHx-Hv group and the PHx-sham group mice was detected to determine the role of the hepatic vagus nerve in liver injury after PHx.
RESULTS
Compared to control-group mice, Hv mice showed severe liver injury and weakened liver regeneration after PHx. Further research found that Hv downregulates the production of IL-22 induced by PHx and blocks activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway then reduces the expression of various mitogenic and anti-apoptotic proteins after PHx. Exogenous IL-22 reverses the inhibition of liver regeneration induced by Hv and alleviates liver injury, while treatment with IL-22 binding protein (an inhibitor of IL-22 signaling) reduce the concentration of IL-22 induced by PHx, inhibits the activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway in the liver after PHx, thereby hindering liver regeneration and aggravating liver injury in PHx-sham mice.
CONCLUSION
Hv attenuates liver regeneration after hepatectomy, and the mechanism may be related to the fact that Hv downregulates the production of IL-22, then blocks activation of the STAT3 pathway.
Primary repair of esophageal atresia gross type C via thoracoscopic magnetic compression anastomosis: A case report
Authors: Zhang Hong-Ke , Li Xiao-Quan , Song Hong-Xia , Liu Shi-Qi , Wang Fang-Hui , Wen Jian , Xiao Mi , Yang A-Ping , Duan Xu-Feng , Gao Zhen-Zhen , Hu Kai-Lun , Zhang Wei , Lv Yi , Zhou Xi-Hui , Cao Zhen-Jie 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND
Esophageal atresia (EA) is a life-threatening congenital malformation in newborns, and the traditional repair approaches pose technical challenges and are extremely invasive. Therefore, surgeons have been actively investigating new minimally invasive techniques to address this issue. Magnetic compression anastomosis has been reported in several studies for its potential in repairing EA. In this paper, the primary repair of EA with magnetic compression anastomosis under thoracoscopy was reported.
CASE SUMMARY
A full-term male weighing 3500 g was diagnosed with EA gross type C. The magnetic devices used in this procedure consisted of two magnetic rings and several catheters. Tracheoesophageal fistula ligation and two purse strings were performed. The magnetic compression anastomosis was then completed thoracoscopically. After the primary repair, no additional operation was conducted. A patent anastomosis was observed on the 15th day postoperatively, and the magnets were removed on the 23rd day. No leakage existed when the transoral feeding started.
CONCLUSION
Thoracoscopic magnetic compression anastomosis may be a promising minimally invasive approach for repairing EA.
Duodenojejunostomy treatment of groove pancreatitis-induced stenosis and obstruction of the horizontal duodenum: A case report
Authors: Zhang Yu , Cheng Heng-Hui , Fan Wen-Juan 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND
Groove pancreatitis (GP) is a rare condition affecting the pancreatic groove region within the dorsal-cranial part of the pancreatic head, duodenum, and common bile duct. As a rare form of chronic pancreatitis, GP poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians. GP is frequently misdiagnosed or not considered; thus, the diagnosis is often delayed by weeks or months. The treatment of GP is complicated and often requires surgical intervention, especially pancreatoduodenectomy.
CASE SUMMARY
A 66-year-old man with a history of long-term drinking was admitted to the gastroenterology department of our hospital, complaining of vomiting and acid reflux. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed luminal stenosis in the descending part of the duodenum. Abdominal computed tomography showed slight exudation in the descending and horizontal parts of the duodenum with broadening of the groove region, indicating local pancreatitis. The symptoms of intestinal obstruction were not relieved with conservative therapy, and insertion of an enteral feeding tube was not successful. Exploratory laparoscopy was performed and revealed a hard mass with scarring in the horizontal part of the duodenum and stenosis. Intraoperative frozen section analysis showed no evidence of malignancy, and side-to-side duodenojejunostomy was performed. Routine pathologic examination showed massive proliferation of fibrous tissue, hyaline change, and the proliferation of spindle cells. Based on the radiologic and pathologic characteristics, a diagnosis of GP was made. The patient presented with anastomotic obstruction postoperatively and took a long time to recover, requiring supportive therapy.
CONCLUSION
GP often involves the descending and horizontal parts of the duodenum and causes duodenal stenosis, impaired duodenal motility, and gastric emptying due to fibrosis.
IMPACT OF CLASSROOM OBSERVATION TOOL (COT) ON PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors: Munawar Sumaira , Sittar Khadija , Alvi Gulshan Fatima , Hussain Iqbal 
Published: December 2023

The main aim of the study was to identify the Effect of Classroom Observation Tool (COT) on Teachers Performance. The main objectives of the study were to find the difference in Classroom Observation Tool (COT) on teachers’ performance regarding demographic variable (gender, qualification, experience). Data was collected through survey method and study was quantitative in nature. The population of the study were consisted all public elementary Schools in district Nankana Sahib. From total population of District Nankana Sahib Tehsil Sangla Hill and further Male Elementary Education Wing was selected randomly. The sample was selected using a random sampling procedure. As a sample for the study, teachers from District Nankana Sahib were chosen. 300 instructors were chosen as the study's sample. Data were gathered using a questionnaire that was self-developed. The questionnaire had two sections. Demographic factors (gender, education, and experience) made up the first half of the study, while classroom observations and instructor performances made up the second. The SPSS (Statistical Packages for Social Sciences) programme was used to analyse the data. The independent samples t-test was employed in inferential statistics to determine the significance of the difference between demographic variables (gender). To examine the differences between demographic factors (experience and qualification), one-way ANOVA was used.
Determinan Ketimpangan Pendapatan di Seluruh Provinsi di Sumatera
Authors: Julihanza Agra , Khoirudin Rifki 
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi, jumlah penduduk, upah minimum, inflasi, investasi terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan antara Provinsi di Sumatera mengunakan data tahun 2015-2021. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi dan investasi memiliki pengaruh negative tidak signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan, jumlah penduduk dan investasi memiliki pengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan, dan upah minimum memiliki pengaruh negative signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan antara Provinsi di Sumatera. Secara Bersama-sama pertumbuhan ekonomi, jumlah penduduk, upah minimum, inflasi, investasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan.

This research aims to determine the effect of economic growth, population, minimum wage, inflation, investment on income inequality between provinces in Sumatra using data from 2015-2021. The data analysis method used is panel data regression analysis. The research results found that economic growth and investment had an insignificant negative influence on income inequality, population and investment had a positive and insignificant influence on income inequality, and the minimum wage had a significant negative influence on income inequality between provinces in Sumatra. Together, economic growth, population, minimum wage, inflation, investment have a significant effect on income inequality.
Kudeta Dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional
Authors: Souisa Pelpina Dina Febriska , Rehatta Veriana Josepha Batseba , Riry Welly Angela 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Article 33 paragraph (1), 52 of the United Nations Charter and Article 2 paragraph 2 letter (f) of the ASEAN Charter provide space for International Law to be involved in efforts to resolve Dispute Problems (Coup) by using an approach to protecting human rights that involves a State but in fact until now International Law has never participated in efforts to resolve the Government Conflict which was taken through the Coup on the State of Myanmar.Purposes of the Research:To examine or analyze the coup in the perspective of International Law and to examine and discuss the legitimacy or legality of government through a coup.Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative juridical research, the type of research is descriptive analytical. The sources of legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The technique of collecting legal materials used in this research is through literature study. The analysis of legal materials is descriptive qualitative.Research Results: The results showed that: 1). International Law on Change of Government through Coup has never been regulated in detail because it is part of the rights of a State that cannot be interfered with in the internal affairs of its State, but an insistence can be made to become a place of negotiation and mediation for both parties who are fighting for power by using the UN Charter. Article 1, Article 2, Article 33 paragraph 1 and Article 52 as well as the ASEAN Charter Article 1 and Article 2 paragraph 2 letter (f) are related to the Protection of Human Rights. 2). The legality of the government obtained through a coup until now has never been specifically regulated in international law, but when viewed from the point of view of the birth of a country, namely 1. the existence of a government, 2. territory, 3 inhabitants, and 4. recognition from other countries. The legality of the government obtained through the coup d'etat can be said to be valid if it gets recognition from other countries (which in this case is part of (State Politics) in International Relations).