bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF FEMUR LENGTH ON ASYMMETRY OF PROSTHETIC GAIT BIOMECHANICS IN TRANSFEMORAL AMPUTATION
Authors: EZHUMALAI K. , PADHI ARPITA , MOHANTY RAJESH KUMAR , PRADHAN ROJALEEN , MOHANTY PATITAPABAN 
Published: September 2023

This study compares the prosthetic gait asymmetry in transfemoral amputees with varied femoral lengths to able-bodied participants in terms of temporal-spatial parameters and joint kinematics. Sixteen young and active transfemoral amputees with short and long residual limbs were divided into two groups and subjected to three-dimensional quantitative motion analysis through high definition optoelectronic cameras and force platform. The prosthetic gait of amputees was compared with those of 15 participants with normal gait to analyze the asymmetry. There was a significant difference in temporal-spatial gait parameters between the amputee groups in terms of intact limb stride length and swing time ([Formula: see text]). The gait of amputees with long femoral lengths was with comparatively higher mean step length (0.31 versus 0.35[Formula: see text]m), velocity (0.48 versus 0.44[Formula: see text]m/s), and cadence (73.58 versus 66.62 steps/min) compared to short residual limbs, however these results are nonsignificant ([Formula: see text]). Amputees and able-bodied participants differed significantly for all measured parameters ([Formula: see text]). The amputees with short residual limbs had more variation in sagittal plane hip flexion at initial contact than long amputees and able-bodied subjects. Amputees with longer residual limbs demonstrated peak swing prosthetic hip flexion closer to able-bodied individuals. The frontal pelvic obliquity and sagittal pelvic tilt revealed more variance among amputees with shorter residual limbs than longer ones. This study will aid in identifying the underlying mechanism of gait asymmetry in transfemoral amputees in relation to residual femoral length and hence will pave a path for improving the knee and foot prosthetic components.
Some inequalities for convex functions and applications to operator inequalities
Authors: Huy Duong Quoc , Van Doan Thi Thuy 
Published: September 2023

In this paper we propose some Heinz-type inequalities for convex functions which provide a very simple proof of the main results of Kittaneh, Moslehian and Sababheh showed in the paper (F. Kittaneh, M. S. Moslehian and M. Sababheh, Quadratic interpolation of the Heinz means, Math. Inequal. Appl. 21(3) (2018) 739–757). We apply these inequalities to infer new inequalities for power means. As an application, we also give operator versions of Heinz-type inequalities for power and Heinz means.
Additive Sparsification of CSPs
Authors: Pelleg Eden , Živný Stanislav 
Published: September 2023

Multiplicative cut sparsifiers, introduced by Benczúr and Karger [STOC’96], have proved extremely influential and found various applications. Precise characterisations were established for sparsifiability of graphs with other 2-variable predicates on Boolean domains by Filtser and Krauthgamer [SIDMA’17] and non-Boolean domains by Butti and Živný [SIDMA’20].
Bansal, Svensson and Trevisan [FOCS’19] introduced a weaker notion of sparsification termed “additive sparsification”, which does not require weights on the edges of the graph. In particular, Bansal et al. designed algorithms for additive sparsifiers for cuts in graphs and hypergraphs.

As our main result, we establish that
all
Boolean Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) admit an additive sparsifier; that is, for every Boolean predicate
P
:{ 0,1}

k

→ { 0,1} of a fixed arity
k
, we show that CSP(
P
) admits an additive sparsifier. Under our newly introduced notion of all-but-one sparsification for non-Boolean predicates, we show that CSP(
P
) admits an additive sparsifier for
any
predicate
P
:
D

k

→ { 0,1} of a fixed arity
k
on an arbitrary finite domain
D
.
Severe Fontan‐Associated Liver Disease and Its Association With Mortality
Authors: Guerrero‐Chalela Carlos‐Eduardo , Therrien Judith , Grossman Yoni , Guo Liming , Liu Aihua , Marelli Ariane 
Published: September 2023

Background
Data are rare about the incidence of severe Fontan‐associated liver disease (FALD) and its association with mortality. We sought to: (1) estimate the probability of developing severe FALD in patients who undergo the Fontan procedure (Fontan patients), compared with severe liver complications in patients with a ventricular septal defect; (2) assess the severe FALD‐mortality association; and (3) identify risk factors for developing severe FALD.

Methods and Results

Using the Quebec Congenital Heart Disease database, a total of 512 Fontan patients and 10 232 patients with a ventricular septal defect were identified. Kaplan‐Meier curves demonstrated significantly higher cumulative risk of severe FALD in Fontan patients (11.95% and 52.24% at 10 and 35 years, respectively), than the risk of severe liver complications in patients with a ventricular septal defect (0.50% and 2.75%, respectively). At 5 years, the cumulative risk of death was 12.60% in patients with severe FALD versus 3.70% in Fontan patients without FALD (log‐rank
P
=0.0171). Cox proportional hazard models identified significant associations between the development of severe FALD and congestive heart failure and supraventricular tachycardia, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.36 (95% CI, 1.38–4.02) and 2.45 (95% CI, 1.37–4.39), respectively. More recent Fontan completion was related to reduced risks of severe FALD, with an HR of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93–0.97) for each more recent year.

Conclusions
This large‐scale population‐based study documents that severe FALD in Fontan patients was associated with a >3‐fold increase in mortality. The risk of FALD is time‐dependent and can reach >50% by 35 years after the Fontan operation. Conditions promoting poor Fontan hemodynamics were associated with severe FALD development.
Complex Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Outcomes in Older Adults
Authors: Hanna Jonathan M. , Wang Stephen Y. , Kochar Ajar , Park Dae Yong , Damluji Abdulla A. , Henry Glen A. , Ahmad Yousif , Curtis Jeptha P. , Nanna Michael G. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is increasingly performed in older adults (age ≥75 years) with stable ischemic heart disease. However, little is known about clinical outcomes.

Methods and Results

We derived a cohort of older adults undergoing elective PCI for stable ischemic heart disease across a large health system. We compared 12‐month event‐free survival (freedom from all‐cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and major bleeding), all‐cause death, target lesion revascularization, and bleeding events for patients receiving complex versus noncomplex PCI and derived risk estimates with Cox regression models. We included 513 patients (mean age, 81±5 years). Patients receiving complex PCI versus noncomplex PCI did not significantly differ across a host of clinical characteristics including cardiovascular disease features, noncardiac comorbidities, guideline‐directed medical therapy use, and frailty. Patients receiving complex PCI versus noncomplex PCI experienced worse event‐free survival (80.4% versus 86.8%), which was not significant in adjusted analyses (hazard ratio [HR], 1.38 [95% CI, 0.88–2.16]). All‐cause death at 1 year for patients undergoing complex PCI was nearly double that seen for patients receiving noncomplex PCI (10.2% versus 5.9%), and the risk was significant in models adjusted for clinical characteristics (HR, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.02–3.79]). Target lesion revascularization risk was lower for patients receiving complex PCI (2.2% versus 3.5%, adjusted HR), but bleeding events were not statistically different between groups (25.3% versus 20.5%;
P
=0.19).

Conclusions
Complex PCI in older adults with stable ischemic heart disease was associated with lower risk of target lesion revascularization but higher all‐cause death compared with noncomplex PCI.
Identification and reproduction of dagger nematode, Xiphinema americanum, in potato
Authors: Goraya Mankanwal , Yan Guiping , Plaisance Addison , Handoo Zafar A. 
Published: September 2023

Summary
Plant-parasitic nematodes limit potato production by feeding on roots, reducing tuber yield and quality, and resulting in poor growth. Dagger nematodes (Xiphinema spp.) can pose a significant threat to crop production even in low numbers. Dagger nematodes have been reported in North Dakota, USA, potato fields. In this study, a dagger nematode species was identified and its reproduction potential in 21 potato cultivars was evaluated. The dagger nematode was identified as X. americanum via morphometric measurements and DNA sequence analysis. At the molecular level, D2-D3 of 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-regions of rDNA were targeted. Sequencing data of D2-D3 (749 bp) showed 98.18% similarity with three isolates of X. americanum. ITS sequence (860 bp) analysis showed 97.68% similarity with an isolate of X. americanum but lower similarity with other species of Xiphinema. The phylogenetic analysis of ITS region further confirmed the species of dagger nematode as X. americanum. Using naturally infested soil, two glasshouse experiments were conducted to assess the reproduction rate of X. americanum on 21 potato cultivars belonging to four distinct market potato classes (yellow, red, white and russet). The reproduction rates were found to vary among the potato classes and cultivars. Numerically, X. americanum population density was higher in ‘Soraya’, whereas ‘Ranger Russet’, ‘Manistee’, ‘Kennebec’, ‘Russet Norkotah 278’, ‘Modoc’, ‘Pomerelle Russet’ and ‘Dakota Rose’ reduced nematode reproduction in both trials. This is the first study demonstrating the reproduction of X. americanum in potato cultivars and could be helpful to manage dagger nematodes.
Rational Belief, Reflection, and Undercutting Defeat
Authors: Hofmann Frank 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Philosophers disagree about the role of reflection for rationality, understood as the capacity to (properly) respond to genuine, normative reasons. Here, ‘reflection’ means the capacity for self-conscious normative meta-cognition. This article develops and rejects a novel argument – the argument from undercutting defeaters – in favor of the ‘one-level view’ that holds that having the concept of a belief (and of a reason) is necessary for responding to reasons. It will be argued that the ‘two-level view’, which allows for rational subjects that can only non-reflectively respond to reasons, is supported by considerations dealing with the role of responding to reasons for rational action. Rationality is not as unified as the one-level view wants to have it. We start with the non-reflective way of rationally forming beliefs and then grow into the reflective way.
Indigenous Geopolitics: Creating Indigenous Spaces of Community Self-Protection and Peace Amid Violent Conflict
Authors: Macaspac Nerve Valerio 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article examines the social and spatial dimensions of civilian agency amid violent conflicts, specifically focusing on the daily work required from indigenous community members in the upkeep of a peace zone as a space of peace and self-protection amid insurgency and counterinsurgency. Using the concept of indigenous geopolitics as an analytical framework, it argues that indigenous spaces of self-protection require the simultaneous processes of collective refusal of state or non-state violence toward indigenous peoples and the re-inscription of indigenous sovereignty within the nation-state. Through case study vignettes, it illustrates the agentive capacities and power of indigenous peoples as geopolitical actors. Rather than viewing indigenous communities as ‘passive victims’ of violent conflicts or excluded from state-centric geopolitical discourses and processes, this article reveals that indigenous agency transforms spaces of conflict and violence and generates and creates new or alternative spaces of unarmed civilian protection and peace outside of the purview of state and non-state armed actors. At stake is a re-thinking or destabilizing of dominant state-centric geopolitical processes that govern contemporary understanding of civilian protection, war, conflict, and peace.
Expanding Data on Unarmed Civilian Peacekeeping
Authors: Kauffmann Mayeul , Janzen Randy 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article presents recent research on the collection and organization of unarmed civilian peacekeeping (ucp) data and proposes a pathway to the creation of a rich, regularly updated database on ucp. The article sets out by giving an overview of the wealth of data on conventional (military) peacekeeping and related research, and raises the question about the need for a similar data wealth for ucp. Secondly, it describes the inventory of current ucp data, to highlight advances in knowledge as well as data collection challenges and critical information gaps. In the main part, the article then sets out what a more comprehensive data collection on ucp would need to take into account and what such a dataset could look like. To do so, it also draws on databases regarding nonviolent campaigns and other fields (health, aviation) to demonstrate the potential for future data collection methodologies and research, and to consider safeguarding issues. Finally, this article suggests four strategies to better structure existing ucp data in order to collect missing information on various research themes. The benefits of the resulting rich database, it argues, would be greater visibility of ucp, the production of data useful for various research programs, and insights to improve field practice.
Mother-Father Relationship and Depressive Symptoms Among Pregnant Black Women
Authors: Adaji Rosemary , Wheeler Jenna M. , Misra Dawn P. , Giurgescu Carmen 
Published: September 2023

Background: Black women report higher levels of depressive symptoms during pregnancy than white women. A supportive relationship with the father of the baby may be protective and decrease depressive symptoms. Objective: We sought to examine the association between mother-father relationship and depressive symptoms among pregnant black women. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we conducted a secondary data analysis from a subsample of 405 pregnant black women who participated in the Biosocial Impact on Black Births study, a prospective cohort study. Participants completed questionnaires at 19- to 29-week gestation, including 6 measures of their relationship with the father of the baby: (1) contact, (2) involvement, (3) overall relationship, (4) change in relationship from prior to pregnancy to during pregnancy, (5) support, and (6) conflict. Latent class analysis was used to identify and classify the relationship construct. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression (CES-D) scale was used, with scores ≥23 considered high levels of depressive symptoms. Data were analyzed with logistic regression. Results: Following adjustment for maternal sociodemographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, and health behaviors, women in a conflictual relationship had higher odds of having depressive symptom scores ≥23 (adjusted odds ratio: 3.50, 95% confidence interval: 2.00, 6.12) than those having no relationship (adjusted odds ratio: 2.81, 95% confidence interval: 1.43, 5.52), when compared with those with a good relationship. Conclusions: These findings suggest that having either a conflictual or no relationship with the father of the baby during pregnancy increases the odds for higher maternal depressive symptoms (CES-D scores ≥ 23) among pregnant black women.
Long-term results of clam enterocystoplasty in non-neurogenic refractory urge incontinence
Authors: Soydaş Türker , Okulu Emrah , Uzundal Halil , Ünal Selman , Özayar Asım , Kutluhan Musab Ali , Kayıgil Önder 
Published: September 2023

Objectives: This study aims to assess the efficacy of Clam enterocystoplasty (CECP) surgery for the treatment of non-neurogenic refractory urgency urinary incontinence (UUI). Methods: We conducted a retrospective evaluation of 17 female patients who underwent CECP for non-neurogenic refractory UUI between May 2010 and November 2022. Results: The median of ICIQ-SF was 19 (15–21) before treatment, which decreased to a median of 0 (0–5) after treatment ( p = 0.01). The average preoperative pad use among the participants was 4 (3–6), while it became 0 postoperatively ( p < 0.01). The median preoperative cystometric bladder capacity was 251 ml (100–350 ml), increasing to 456 ml (400–650 ml) postoperatively ( p < 0.01). According to the Clavien-Dindo classification system, the majority of patients experienced either no complications (66%) or minor complications (CD I/CD II) (33%) within the initial 90 days following surgery. Conclusions: “Clam” iliocystoplasty emerges as a secure and successful treatment option in the patient group whose symptoms persist after first, second, and third-line treatments with the diagnosis of urge incontinence.
A Survey of Clinicians Who Provide Aid in Dying
Authors: Pottash Michael , Saikaly Kayla , Stevenson Maximilian , Krohmal Benjamin 
Published: September 2023

Introduction Little is known about the identity and moral experience of clinicians who provide the option of aid in dying to terminally ill Americans. Methods In May 2023 we distributed an email survey to clinicians registered for the American Clinician’s Academy on Medical Aid in Dying listserv. Results Of the 72 clinicians who responded, 90% were of white race, 50% were over 60 years old, and 47% had been in practice for over 20 years. Most clinicians report practicing primary care (39%) or hospice/palliative care (33%); 25% of clinicians had training in palliative medicine. 22% described their practice as a specialized “aid-in-dying practice” and 26% either “rarely” or “never” cared for the terminally ill outside the context of aid in dying. A majority (56%) of clinicians were either affiliated with an independent practice or unaffiliated. Before they began aid-in-dying work, 26% of clinicians reported having felt “somewhat” or “very” morally conflicted; after having written an aid in dying prescription, 96% felt “hardly” or “not at all” conflicted. On average, clinicians felt that aid-in-dying laws balance protection of patients with access; 39% believed that the laws were “somewhat” or “overly” protective. Conclusion Many responding clinicians report caring for patients considering aid in dying in specialized practices or otherwise in unaffiliated or independent practice. Clinicians report that providing aid in dying (and writing an aid-in-dying prescription) resulted in less reported moral conflict toward aid in dying.
Development and Validation of Prognostic Nomograms for Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Brain Metastasis in Patients Aged 45 Years or Older: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Yang Feng , Gao Lianjun , Wang Qimin , Gao Wei 
Published: September 2023

Purpose We aimed to establish nomograms to predict the survival in patients aged ≥45  years with lung squamous cell carcinoma and brain metastasis. Methods We collected patients diagnosed as lung squamous cell carcinoma with brain metastasis aged ≥45 years between 2010 and 2019 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Prognostic factors were determined by the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and then the nomogram was constructed to predict cancer-specific survival and overall survival. Nomograms were evaluated by decision curve analysis, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration plot, concordance index, and risk group stratification. Results In total, 2437 patients were included, with 1706 and 731 in the cohorts of training and validation, respectively. The age, N stage, T stage, liver metastasis, chemotherapy, bone metastasis, along with radiotherapy were significant in predicting the survival, and adopted for the establishment of nomograms. In the training and validation sets, the concordance index were .713(95%CI:0.699–.728) & .700(95%CI:0.677–.722) in predicting cancer-specific survival and .715(95%CI:0.701–.729) & .712(95%CI:0.690–.735) in predicting overall survival, respectively. Besides, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting cancer-specific survival and overall survival in the training set were all >.7 at 1-, 2-, and 3- years. Calibration plots proved the survival predicted by nomograms were consistent with the actual values. decision curve analysis revealed better clinical validity of the nomogram in predicting cancer-specific survival and overall survival at 1-year than TNM staging. Patients were stratified into the high-/low-risk groups according to the optimal cutoff value of 100.21 for cancer-specific survival and 91.98 for overall survival. A web-based probability calculator was constructed finally. Conclusion Two nomograms were developed for the prognostic prediction of lung squamous cell carcinoma patients with brain metastasis aged ≥45 years, providing guidance for decision-making in clinical practice.
Insight in the Conspiracist’s Mind
Authors: Van de Cruys Sander , Bervoets Jo , Gadsby Stephen , Gijbels David , Poels Karolien 
Published: September 2023

Academic Abstract The motto of the conspiracist, “Do your own research,” may seem ludicrous to scientists. Indeed, it is often dismissed as a mere rhetorical device that conspiracists use to give themselves the semblance of science. In this perspective paper, we explore the information-seeking activities (“research”) that conspiracists do engage in. Drawing on the experimental psychology of aha experiences, we explain how these activities, as well as the epistemic experiences that precede (curiosity) or follow (insight or “aha” experiences) them, may play a crucial role in the appeal and development of conspiracy beliefs. Aha moments have properties that can be exploited by conspiracy theories, such as the potential for false but seemingly grounded conclusions. Finally, we hypothesize that the need for autonomous epistemic agency and discovery is universal but increases as people experience more uncertainty and/or feel epistemically excluded in society, hence linking it to existing literature on explaining conspiracy theories.
Differential effects of selective versus unselective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators on T- and B-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
Authors: Proschmann Undine , Mueller-Enz Magdalena , Woopen Christina , Katoul Al Rahbani Georges , Haase Rocco , Dillenseger Anja , Dunsche Marie , Atta Yassin , Ziemssen Tjalf , Akgün Katja 
Published: September 2023

Background: Sphingosine 1-phosphat receptor modulators (S1PRMs) have been linked to attenuated immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Objective: To characterize differences in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients on selective versus unselective S1PRMs. Methods: Monocentric, longitudinal study on people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) on fingolimod (FTY), siponimod (SIP), ozanimod (OZA), or without disease-modifying therapy (DMT) following primary and booster SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and T-cell response was measured with electro-chemiluminescent immunoassay and interferon-γ release assay. Results: Primary vaccination induced a significant antibody response in pwMS without DMT while S1PRM patients exhibited reduced antibody titers. The lowest antibodies were found in patients on FTY, whereas patients on OZA and SIP presented significantly higher levels. Booster vaccinations induced increased antibody levels in untreated patients and comparable titers in patients on OZA and SIP, but no increase in FTY-treated patients. While untreated pwMS developed a T-cell response, patients on S1PRMs presented a diminished/absent response. Patients undergoing SARS-CoV-2 vaccination before onset of S1PRMs presented a preserved, although attenuated humoral response, while T-cellular response was blunted. Conclusion: Our data confirm differential effects of selective versus unselective S1PRMs on T- and B-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and suggest association with S1PRM selectivity rather than lymphocyte redistribution.