bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine structure and subepithelial capillaries of the main excretory duct epithelium of the submandibular gland of the Japanese monkey, Macaca fuscata
Authors: Sato Atsuko , Toh Hidetoshi , Miyoshi Sakuichiro 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe fine structure and subepithelial capillaries of the main excretory duct epithelium (MEDE) of the submandibular gland in the Japanese monkey, Macaca fuscata were investigated by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Capillaries found beneath the MEDE were all fenestrated ones. Some of them had elevated endothelium known as pored domes. The capillary density (number of capillaries per 200 μm length of MEDE) was 6.05 ± 1.36, and the number of fenestrae per 10 μm length of available endothelium was 11.62 ± 3.82. The MEDE was pseudostratified, and consisted of four cell types: Type I and II, which were columnar cells without basal infoldings, basal and goblet cells. The most characteristic feature was the presence of well‐developed lateral interdigitations between Type I and II cells. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of muscle cell fiber types and oxidative capacity in gracilis, rectus femoris, and triceps brachii muscles in the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) and the domestic dog (Canis familiaris)
Authors: Amann John F. , Wharton Robin E. , Madsen Richard W. , Laughlin M. Harold 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMuscle cell fiber types in gracilis, rectus femoris, and long head of triceps brachii muscles of ferrets and dogs were identified on serial sections stained for myosin ATPase after preincubation at pH values of 9.8, 4.6, and 4.3 and for NADH‐tetrazolium reductase (NADH‐TR) activity. Although fiber types I and II were identified, the ATPase stain did not demonstrate classic type IIA/IIB fiber differences in either species. However, two type II fiber subtypes could be distinguished in the ferret because they differed slightly in staining intensity with ATPase at pH 4.3 and markedly with NADH‐TR. One ferret type II fiber (designated II dark or IID) was smaller, slightly darker on ATPase, more oxidative on NADH‐TR, and comprised more muscle volume than the other type II fiber (designated II light IIL). The IID fibers of ferret may represent the IID/X fibers of other authors. Both ferret type II fiber subtypes stained darker at pH 4.3 than canine II fibers. The NADH‐TR staining indicated high oxidative activity in canine and ferret type I fibers. In contrast, type II fibers in the dog and IIL fibers in the ferret were moderately oxidative. Canine type IIC fibers were intermediate between type I and type II, whereas in the ferret, type IIC fibers were highly oxidative, as were type IID fibers. Ferret muscles are more oxidative than canine muscles according to NADH‐TR staining. Also, ferret muscles possess 40–100% higher citrate synthase activity as compared to canine muscles. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The microvilli and hyaline layer of embryonic asteroid epithelial collar cells: A sensory structure to determine the position of locomotory cilia?
Authors: Crawford B. J. , Campbell S. S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractEarly stage embryos of the starfish Pisaster ochraceus exhibit one cilium per cell which is primarily involved in locomotion. SEM observations have demonstrated two types of microvilli “stage horn”‐like and “finger‐like” microvilli (CMs), both of which probably serve to anchor and support the hyaline layer (HL). The CMs arise from the cellular membrane a short distance from the base of the ciliary shaft and form a circle around the base of each cilium. This arrangement is found in embryos and larvae as well as in adult tissues of many other marine organisms. TEM observations of material prepared by freeze substitution has demonstrated that the HL unites the circle of CMs and forms two collars. The outer ECM collar is single and attached directly to the CMs, while the inner collar consists of multiple rings of ECM located between the cilium and the CMs. The inner collar elements are not attached to the cilium but are attached to the inner aspects of the CMs by a complex arrangement consisting of a loop of ECM and two short ECM fibers. The arrangement of the ECM of the collars could provide an excellent way to transmit the movements of the cilium to the surrounding microvilli. Although the bases of the CMs always encircle the ciliary shaft, the shafts of the CMs are seen in different positions. This suggests that the CM/ECM collar may be able to change position relative to the cilium. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrates that the CMs contain phalloidin positive material which extends into a phalloidin positive region located in the apex of the cells. The CMs and apical web contain microfilaments which are probably actin and could be involved in movement of the CMs. A movable circle of CMs with their associated ECM could represent a mechanism to sense the position of the cilium and/or to define the direction and extent of the stroke. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Natural wound formation: Endodermal responses in experimental primary neural induction in the chick embryo
Authors: England Marjorie A. , Lawson Aaron 
Published: February 2005

AbstractNatural wound formation in experimental primary neural induction has been studied by SEM and in paraffin wax sections in embryos from 0 minutes to 10 hours of re‐incubation. Stage 4 host and graft embryos were removed from hen's eggs and mounted as for New culture. Graft Hensen's nodes were transplanted into “pockets” created in the host area pellucida and re‐incubated for up to 10 hours.Initially the cut edges of the graft establish contact with the host ectoderm layer. After 4 hours the cut edges of the graft move from the host ectoderm to the host endoderm layer. Several small openings form in the host endoderm over the graft tissue. By 6 hours, these openings join to form a single natural wound through which the underlying graft is exposed to the external environment. At 8 hours the graft forms a head‐fold and neural folds are evident. During 8 to 10 hours of re‐incubation the edges of the graft which attach to the edges of the host edoderm meet in the midline and close the opening in the host endoderm; simultaneously, the graft forms a neural tube.The endodermal wounds form by cell re‐arrangement and by a minor contribution from cell loss. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Light and electron microscopic analysis of two divisions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the young and aged rat
Authors: Woods William H. , Powell Ervin W. , Andrews Annette , Ford Charles W. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a principal controller of mammalian circadian rhythms. However, in spite of documented disturbance of biological rhythms in old animals, few significant age‐related changes have been observed in this nucleus. This study examined age‐related differences in SCN volume, neuronal number, density, and ultra‐structural features in the entire rat SCN and in its two divisions, the denser ventromedial (compacta) and less dense dorsolateral (dissipata). Light and electron microscopic morphometric techniques were utilized in weanlings (21–28 days), young adults (3–6 mo), and aged (30–36 mo) animals.The total SCN volume, as well as volumes of‐the compacta regions, were significantly greater in young adult and aged rats than in weanlings. Thus, as the rat ages the SCN increases in total size. However, the dissipata region appears to decrease in volume while the compacta increases. Even though the total number of SCN neurons was quite constant in the three age groups, the number of neurons in the dissipata region was decreased significantly in the young adult and aged groups as compared to the weanling.Neurons in the compacta region were usually spindled‐shaped with two dendritic processes, while oval to spheroidal cells with 3–4 processes predominated in the dissipata. Nuclei of SCN cells were often invaginated. In weanlings, more SCN neuronal nuclei had invaginated nuclei in the dissipata region (66%) compared to the compacta (37%). In the two older age groups of rats, a higher percentage of invaginated neuronal nuclei were found in both regions. However, more were still found in the dissipata (90%) compared to the compacta (72%), even though the number of these cells in the compacta doubled. Thus, there was a large increase in the number of invaginated nuclei, as well as the number of invaginations, in the young adult rats compared to the weanling group, and this increase persisted in aged rats.SCN neurons usually had nuclei surrounded by a thin perimeter of cytoplasm containing sparse mitochondria and granular endoplasmic reticulum, multiple Golgi regions, and a moderate number of free ribosomes. In weanlings, mitochondria contained dense cristae and the granular endoplasmic reticulum was relatively prominent. Degenerative ultrastructural changes which included mitochondrial enlargement/vacuolation, Golgi vacuolation, lysosome, and lipofuscin development occurred in less than 10% of young adult SCN cells, and were more frequently found in the dissipata. In aged, rats 30% of the neurons showed degenerative changes in the dissipata compared with 18% in the compacta. Degenerative changes appeared highly correlated with the degree of membrane folding. Ultrastructural degenerative cell changes and light microscopic morphometric observations are discussed in relation to loss of circadian rhythms with advancing age. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative morphological changes in neurons and glia in the frontal lobe of the aging rat
Authors: Peinado Maria Angeles , Martinez Manuel , Pedrosa Juán Angel , Quesada Adoración , Peinado José Maria 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe quantitative morphological changes in neurons and glia during the aging process were analyzed in the different cortical layers, grouped as I, II–IV, V, and VI, of the frontal cortex of the rat. The parameters analyzed were cortical volume, neuronal density, glial density, and neuronal soma and nucleus areas. No changes with age were found in the volume of the layers, in neuronal density (with the exception of layer I), or in the area of the neuronal soma. However, older animals showed a 10 to 20% increase in glial density, depending on the layer studied. In addition, there was an age‐related decrease in the area of the neuronal nucleus in layers II–IV, V, and VI. These results support the idea that the aging frontal cortex undergoes structural changes that may be involved in the morphological basis of memory and cognitive impairments characteristic of aging. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nucleus ambiguus of the rabbit: Cytoarchitectural subdivision and myotopical and neurotopic representations
Authors: Kitamura Seiichiro , Nagase Yoshitaka , Chen Kang , Shigenaga Yoshio 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe cytoarchitectural subdivisions of the nucleus ambiguus of the rabbit and its myotopical and neurotopical representations were investigated with HRP labeling. The nucleus was subdivided into the compact cell group (CoG), the medial and lateral scattered cell groups (SGm and SGl), and the diffuse cell group (DiG). The CoG was formed by esophageal, pharyngeal constrictor, and palatal motoneurons in the rostral half of the nucleus. The SGm and SGl were located medial and lateral to the CoG, respectively, in the rostral one‐third of the nucleus. Stylopharyngeal and cricothyroid motoneurons were located in the most rostral one‐fifth of the SGm and the remaining four‐fifths, respectively, whereas the SGl was not labeled with HRP injections into the palatal, pharyngeal, esophageal, and laryngeal muscles. The DiG was formed by recurrent laryngeal motoneurons in the caudal two‐thirds of the nucleus. Neurons of origin for the glossopharngeal nerve occupied the stylopharyngeal region, with a few of them scattered in the CoG and SGl. Neurons giving rise to axons in the superior laryngeal nerve occupied the cricothyroid region, with a few of them scattered in the pharyngeal constrictor region; whereas the pharyngeal vagal branch originated from the pharyngeal constrictor and palatal regions. Neurons of the DiG, SGl, and esophageal region contributed to the infranodosal vagus nerve; esophageal fibers of the recurrent laryngeal nerve originated from the dorsal esophageal region. Laryngeal fibers of the recurrent laryngeal nerve originated from the DiG, the caudal neurons of which had axons traversing the cranial accessory root. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Giant mitochondria in the seromucous secretory cells of the accessory submandibular gland of the long‐haired fruit bat, Stenonycteris lanosus
Authors: Tandler Bernard , Phillips Carleton J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractGiant mitochondria, measuring up to 6.4 μm in diameter, are present in the seromucous secretory cells of the accessory submandibular gland of the long‐haired fruit bat, Stenonycteris lanosus. These mitochondria, as well as all of the smaller ones in the same cells, contain in their matrix compartment an abundance of 33 nm threads that probably consist of protein. Some mitochondria, regardless of size, contain 5 nm helical filaments within an expanded crista. Despite their altered morphology, the enlarged mitochondria in the accessory submandibular gland of S. lanosus must be able to function normally in energy metabolism, since the secretory cells in which they are found elaborate numerous secretory granules. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Immune system of the spontaneously hypertensive rat: II. Morphology and function
Authors: Purcell Edwin S. , Wood Gary W. , Gattone Vincent H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is a stress‐sensitive animal which exhibits moderate immune dysfunction that has been implicated in the onset of hypertension. In this study, we examined the morphology of SHR thymus and spleen and further characterized the immune deficiency using Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) and Fisher 344 (F‐344) rats for comparison. The adult SHR thymus does not display the increase in medullary volume typically noted with aging and the volume density of the marginal zone is decreased in the spleen. In vivo tritiated‐thymidine incorporation is also decreased in the spleen of unstimulated SHR. In mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR), the proliferative response of SHR splenocytes is significantly decreased relative to controls, WKY and F‐344. Addition of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), or indomethacin to the MLR cultures does not increase proliferation. The proliferative response to T cell receptor monoclonal antibody (mAb‐TCR) or interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) are similarly impaired in the SHR. The depressed proliferative T cell response is reversed by prolactin. It is suggested that the SHR is a valuable model for the study of immune deficiency. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Development of the adult endocrine pancreas during metamorphosis in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L. I. Light microscopy and autoradiography
Authors: Elliott W. M. , Youson J. H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe results of this study were found to support the hypothesis put forth by Boenig (Z. Mikrosk‐Anat. Forsch., 17:125–184, 1929) that the caudal pancreas of adult lamprey develops from the epithelium of the extrahepatic common bile duct in that the bile duct cells were found to undergo a great proliferation during the early stages of metamorphosis, with a large number of the cells incorporating 3H‐thymidine. If the bile duct degenerated as suggested by Barrington (The Biology of Lampreys. Academic Press, London, pp. 135–169, 1972), this uptake would not be expected. The cranial pancreas was determined to develop in a similar manner to the larval islets, with formation of the islets taking place within the intestinal/diverticular epithelium. The newly formed islets would migrate into the surrounding connective tissue. During the later stages of metamorphosis a small number of cells was found to incorporate the tritiated thymidine within mature islets. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Striated anchoring fibrils‐anchoring plaque complexes and their relation to hemidesmosomes of myoepithelial and secretory cells in mammary glands of lactating rats
Authors: Clermont Y. , Xia L. , Turner J. D. , Hermo L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractStriated anchoring fibrils (SAF) are associated with the basement membrane underlying myoepithelial and acinar cells of mammary glands. Their proximal extremities are inserted in electron‐dense areas of the lamina densa, the anchoring plaques seen facing the hemidesmosomes of both myoepithelial and acinar cells. In the case of myoepithelial cells, the hemidesmosomes show a thick cytoplasmic plaque applied to the basal plasma membrane in which cytoplasmic filaments are inserted. Facing this plaque but on the extracellular aspect and at a short distance of 5–10 nm, there is a thin layer of electron‐dense nodular material called the subcell membrane plate, which is connected to the plasma membrane by short filamentous bridges. Between this subcell membrane plate and the anchoring plaque, there is an abundance of fine anchoring filaments crossing the lamina lucida. Such anchoring filaments are less abundant in the lamina lucida outside the hemidesmosomal areas. In the case of acinar cells, the cytoplasmic plaques of the hemidesmosomes are thin and the associated cytoplasmic filaments less conspicuous. No distinct subcell membrane plate is seen on the extracellular aspect of the plasma membrane facing the cytoplasmic plaque of the hemidesmosomes. However, in this area numerous anchoring filaments cross the lamina lucida between the plasma membrane and the SAF‐anchoring plaque complex. The abundance, in these cells, of hemidesomomes and their association with SAF‐anchoring plaque complexes seen in the basement membrane must constitute a strong attachment for both myoepithelial and acinar cells and bind them to the underlying collagen fibrils, thus preventing their detachment from the connective tissue during the contractions of myoepithelial cells during milk ejection. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of prostanoid synthesis depresses alveolar bone resorption but enhances root resorption in the rat
Authors: Lasfargues J. J. , Saffar J. L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTooth drift requires the deformation of the root socket and the adjustment of the other components of the attachment apparatus, namely, the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the cementum. Indomethacin (7.5 mg/kg/d), an inhibitor of prostanoid synthesis, provoked in rats a depression in the bone resorption effecting the deformation of the socket (Lasfargues and Saffar, Anat. Rec., 234:310–316, 1992). In the present paper we examined the consequence of this treatment both on the PDL and the root surface. After 3 days of treatment, when osteoclastic resorption was not yet disturbed, the root had been markedly resorbed (P<0.05) opposite the resorbing bone surface; at that time the PDL width remained in the normal range. After 7 days, i.e., when the bone resorption was depressed, the PDL was widened as the result of the ongoing root resorption. Despite the extensive root resorption, the anchorage of the PDL fibers appeared to remain effective, suggesting that it was rapidly restored. On day 14 at the time of the bone resorption recovery, cementum was deposited in the root resorption lacunae and the PDL width had returned to its control value. As early as day 3 the daily rate of dentine formation increased in the pulp area subjacent to the root resorption lacunae (P<0.01). These data demonstrate that (i) the responses of the different components of the periodontal apparatus are coordinated to allow for the maintainance of the PDL width so that when bone resorption is disturbed, root resorption compensates for it, and (ii) the odontoclasts can differentiate and resorb under prostanoid inhibition whilst osteoclastic resorption of the bone socket is inhibited. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Composition and morphology of lipid droplets from oviduct epithelial cells
Authors: Henault Margaret A. , Killian Gary J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis study was undertaken to determine the composition and morphology of lipid droplets in situ and isolated from oviductal epithelial cells and oviductal fluid. Oviductal epithelial cells were harvested enzymatically from oviducts of cows in either the luteal or the follicular stages of the ovarian cycle. Lipid droplets were isolated from cellular homogenates and characterized biochemically using thin layer chromatography. The morphology of lipid droplets in oviductal epithelial cells and in fractions isolated by ultracentrifugation from cellular homogenates was examined by electron microscopy. Lipid droplets isolated from oviduct epithelial cells varied in composition with the ovarian cycle and the oviductal region. There was more total lipid in droplets isolated from cows in the luteal than follicular phase of the ovarian cycle. Most of this difference was due to large amounts of esterified cholesterol present in the samples from luteal‐stage animals. The most esterified cholesterol was found in droplets isolated from the oviductal isthmus of luteal cows. Droplets similar in lipid composition to those isolated from epithelial cells were found in oviductal fluid. Four distinct types of lipid inclusions were evident in electron micrographs of oviductal epithelia and characterized as osmiophilic droplets, lipofuscin‐like clusters, lamellar structures, and composite bodies. All of the lipid inclusions were found in droplet isolates except for the extracted lipid portion of the composite body. The presence and diversity of oviduct epithelial lipid inclusions suggest that the oviductal epithelium may be very active in lipid metabolism, particularly cholesterol dynamics. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organization of the striatal projections from the rostral caudate nucleus to the globus pallidus, the entopeduncular nucleus, and the Pars reticulata of the substantia nigra in the cat
Authors: Hontanilla Bernardo , De Las Heras Silvano , Giménez‐Amaya José Manuel 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis study explores the organization of the striatal projections from the rostral caudate nucleus to the output nuclei of the basal ganglia in the cat. Tracer deposits were stereotaxically injected in different dorsoventral, mediolateral, and rostrocaudal sectors of the head of the caudate nucleus using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated with wheat germ agglutinin (HRP‐WGA) either alone or mixed with free HRP. After the injections, a detailed analysis of the terminal labeling was carried out within the globus pallidus (GP), the entopeduncular nucleus (Ep), and the substantia nigra (SN) pars reticulata (SNR). Our findings illustrate how different dorsoventral, mediolateral, and rostrocaudal parts of the rostral caudate nucleus project primarily to similarly positioned but spatially segregated parts of GP. The striatoentopeduncular pathway was also organized topographically, but there was overlapping by projections from different parts of the rostral caudate nucleus. Areas of topographical segregation and zones of overlap were detected in the organization of the striatal projections from the rostral caudate nucleus to SNR. These results raise the possibility of distinct striatal actions upon different sectors of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia and, indirectly, upon their targets in the thalamus and brainstem. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.