bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding what violent street crime, globalization, and ice cream have in common
Authors: LaFree Gary 
Published: January 2025

AbstractResearch SummaryIn recent years, nutrition researchers have found that ice cream may have as many health benefits as low‐fat milk or yoghurt for those with diabetes or at risk of diabetes. Nonetheless, they have resisted reporting this finding to the media, the public, or other researchers. This observation got me thinking about how preconceived assumptions and biases affect social science in general and criminology in particular, are affected by the preconceived assumptions and biases of those who produce them. In this essay, I argue that the production of criminology is a cultural enterprise that reflects the attitudes and values of those who produce it. In my address for the Stockholm Prize, I summarize the main thesis of my Losing Legitimacy book and then discuss two recent projects that were influenced by the idea that strong social institutions reduce criminal behavior. The first examines the impact of the death of Freddie Gray in Baltimore in 2015 on crime and arrest rates. The second examines the impact of globalization on national homicide rates. In both cases, the results were unexpected.Policy ImplicationsAs scientists, it is critical that we evaluate research based on its theoretical soundness and methodological sophistication rather than whether it fits a currently hot topic or politically popular perspective. Science progresses by the constant process of evaluating theoretical propositions with empirical data—regardless of where those data lead us. Openness about crime and reactions to crime is no less important than honesty about the positive benefits of ice‐cream consumption.
“It's that feeling that you can't get away”: Motherhood, gender inequality and the stress process during extreme events
Authors: Ntontis Evangelos , Monkhouse Jennifer , Stokes‐Guizani Natalie , Malovic Aida , Saavedra Patricio 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe impacts of extreme events can intersect with pre‐disaster systemic inequalities and deficiencies, exacerbating distress. This paper contributes to the existing literature by exploring the psychosocial processes through which stressors become traumatic during an extreme event. It does so by focusing on how mothers of children and/or adolescents in the United Kingdom experienced the COVID‐19 pandemic. First, qualitative interviews (N = 15) showed that participants experienced a cluster of stressors stemming from their workplaces, partners, children's behaviours and homeschooling, which caused a sense of overload and captivity, reducing their quality of life. However, individual, interpersonal and collective forms of coping were reported. Second, quantitative survey data (N = 621) showed that the relationship between stressors and perceived stress was mediated by feelings of overload due to excessive identity‐related tasks and caregiving responsibilities. Moreover, community identification was associated with reduced overload and perceived stress. Overall, during extreme events, people can experience distress due to being overloaded by and trapped in particular identities and identity‐related tasks, unable to perform other aspects of their social selves. We argue that social psychological analyses can be useful in tracing the complex impacts of extreme events across a range of systems and levels of analysis.
Update on Menopause Hormone Therapy; Current Indications and Unanswered Questions
Authors: Mukherjee Annice , Davis Susan R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo provide clinicians involved in managing menopause with a summary of current evidence surrounding menopause hormone therapy (MHT).DesignThe authors evaluate and synthesize existing pooled evidence relating to MHT's clinical indications, efficacy, and safety and explore the limitations of existing data.PatientsThe review focuses on MHT‐related outcomes in women with natural‐timed menopause captured within observational studies, RCTs, and pooled data from pivotal meta‐analyses and reviews.MeasurementsAvailable published data are scrutinized. Available evidence and notably lacking data from women not adequately represented in published MHT trials, such as those with socioeconomic adversity, significant comorbidities, and minority ethnic backgrounds, are highlighted and deliberated.ResultsThe impact of MHT differs significantly between demographics. Current consensus recommendations for MHT emphasize the importance of tailoring type, route, dose, and duration of therapy to individual needs and risk/benefit ratio through shared decision‐making. MHT impact can change over time. Current MHT data support its benefits for treating menopause symptoms and a potential window of opportunity in midlife to benefit skeletal health. Limitations of current evidence highlight menopause health inequalities and underscores the need for further research.ConclusionsThis review recommends tailored use of MHT for well‐defined indications, recognizing its value for menopause symptom relief and skeletal benefits for many midlife women. MHT may be used as long as benefits outweigh risks, through shared decision‐making. There is insufficient clinical evidence to support the long‐term use of MHT in some contemporary cohorts of women accessing MHT in clinical practice.
Submucosal Microbiome Profiles in Paired and Unpaired Samples From Healthy and Peri‐Implantitis Dental Implants
Authors: Tocarruncho Oscar Iván , Neuta Yineth , Lesmes Yamil , Castillo Diana Marcela , Leal Sandra , Chambrone Leandro , Lafaurie Gloria Inés 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis cross‐sectional study aimed to compare the composition of the submucosal microbiome of peri‐implantitis with paired and unpaired healthy implant samples.MethodsWe evaluated submucosal plaque samples obtained in 39 cases, including 13 cases of peri‐implantitis, 13 cases involving healthy implants from the same patient (paired samples), and 13 cases involving healthy implants from different individuals (unpaired samples). The patients were evaluated using next‐generation genomic sequencing (Illumina) based on 16S rRNA gene amplification. The sequences were grouped according to the amplicon sequence variant (ASV) to define the taxonomic categories. Alpha diversity was analyzed using Shannon's and Simpson's indices, while beta diversity was evaluated using principal coordinate analysis, analysis of similarities, and permutational multivariate variance analysis. Additionally, UniFrac distances were evaluated using Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology 2. Finally, we evaluated between‐group differences in the taxonomic components.ResultsThere were no significant between‐group differences in alpha diversity. The average bacterial ratios of Filifactor alocis, Porphyromona endodontalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Peptostreptococcaceae [Eubacterium nodatum], Desulfobulbus sp. HTM 041, and Mogibacterium timidum significantly differed between peri‐implantitis samples and unpaired samples from the healthy implants (p < 0.05). However, there were few differences in the microbiota between peri‐implantitis samples and those paired with healthy implants in the same patient.ConclusionsFuture studies comparing the microbiome compositions using sequencing techniques between healthy implants and implants with peri‐implantitis should focus on retrieving samples from the same patient, especially in individuals with a history of periodontitis.
Salivary Inflammatory Mediator Profiles in Periodontal and Peri‐Implant Health and Disease: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Titusson Carl , Jansson Leif , Modin Carolina , Lundmark Anna , Eriksson Kaja , Adler Lottie , Yucel‐Lindberg Tülay 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the salivary profile of inflammatory mediators in individuals with periodontal and peri‐implant disease as compared to individuals with periodontal and peri‐implant health.Materials and MethodsSaliva samples were collected from 155 participants (mean age 63.3 ± 11.4 years), comprising individuals with periodontal and peri‐implant health (N = 41), gingivitis and/or mucositis (N = 18), and periodontitis and/or peri‐implantitis (N = 96). Samples were analyzed using multiplex‐immunoassay panel consisting of inflammatory mediators in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon (IFN), interleukin (IL) superfamily, and matrix metalloproteinases.ResultsThe levels of B‐cell activating factor (BAFF), sIL‐6Rβ, IFN‐β, and sIL‐6Rα, sTNFR1, and Pentraxin‐3 were significantly higher in patients with periodontitis and/or peri‐implantitis compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, among the investigated inflammatory mediators, Pentraxin‐3 exhibited the highest diagnostic potential (AUC = 0.74) for distinguishing between subjects with periodontitis and/or peri‐implantitis and healthy individuals.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated elevated salivary levels of BAFF, sIL‐6Rβ, IFN‐β, sIL‐6Rα, sTNF‐R1, and Pentraxin‐3 in individuals with periodontitis and/or peri‐implantitis in comparison to periodontal and peri‐implant healthy controls.
Fine‐Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Adrenal Gland Lesions: The Roles of Image Guidance, Rapid On‐Site Evaluation and Additional Tissue Sampling
Authors: Yu Sanhong , Dolezal Darin , Aslanian Harry R. , Cai Guoping 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveAn accurate fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis of adrenal lesions may be challenging. This study was to investigate roles of imaging guidance, rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) and additional tissue sampling in FNA diagnosis of adrenal lesions.MethodsAdrenal FNA cases were retrieved from pathology archive. Patients' demographics, lesion size and location, imaging guidance methods, cytologic diagnoses and histopathologic diagnoses were reviewed and analysed.ResultsThe study cohort included 72 cases of left (86%) and right (14%) adrenal lesions. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and computed tomography (CT) were used in 47 (65%) and 25 (35%) cases, respectively. Left adrenal lesions were sampled mostly by EUS‐FNA (73%), whereas right adrenal lesions by CT‐guided FNA (80%). There were no differences between the EUS‐FNA and CT‐FNA groups in terms of non‐diagnostic rate and cytologic diagnostic categories. The non‐diagnostic rate and cytologic diagnostic categories were the same between ROSE and non‐ROSE groups. In a subset of 18 cases with concurrent core tissue biopsy, a definite diagnosis was rendered in all biopsy cases including three cases with a non‐diagnostic or indeterminate cytology diagnosis.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that FNA has great efficacy for evaluation of adrenal lesions, either via EUS or CT guidance. Incorporation of ROSE evaluation into FNA procedure does not directly affect the performance of FNA biopsy but may help direct additional tissue sampling to salvage the cases with a non‐diagnostic or indeterminate cytology diagnosis, increasing diagnostic yield.
Development of Electronic Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (e‐OSCEs) for Prosthodontic Clinical Assessment
Authors: Moghadam Marjan , Mucciolo Thomas W. , Jahangiri Leila 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionObjective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) serve as a reliable assessment tool for clinical and competency evaluation. Traditional OSCEs, involving live patients, present logistical challenges and evoke student anxiety. In an effort to create a comprehensive clinical series of examinations, electronic OSCEs (e‐OSCEs) were developed for assessing clinical competencies in prosthodontics at a large dental school. This manuscript aims to describe e‐OSCEs as a competency assessment.MethodsThe e‐OSCEs were implemented for the graduating classes from 2014 to 2023, covering categories of Single‐unit Crowns and Fixed Partial Dentures, Implants, Removable Partial Dentures and Complete Dentures. A digital library of clinically relevant questions was developed to simulate chairside scenarios. Competence in any area was defined as scoring a 100% where questions were taken from a pool that represented the full scope of the clinical procedure.ResultsTen‐year retrospective data indicate sustained student performance over the years, with the majority achieving competence after three e‐OSCE attempts.DiscussionAdvantages of the e‐OSCE include standardised assessments, reduced examiner bias and adaptability to external disruptions in addition to fair and relevant evaluations, cost‐effectiveness and test security. Evaluation of e‐OSCE outcomes allows ease of analysis for curriculum enhancement and modification.ConclusionThe e‐OSCE method of clinical assessment offers a standardised, clinically equivalent and efficient process for assessing dental students' competencies. The assessment methodology aligns with US accreditation standards and can be easily adapted by other institutions with different grading parameters for comprehensive clinical assessments. This approach provides a feasible and effective method for assessments in dental education.
Retrospective analysis of 80 patients diagnosed with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area
Authors: Girfanova Maria , Martinez‐Majander Nicolas , Mannismäki Laura , Sibolt Gerli , Tiainen Marjaana , Curtze Sami 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground and purposeUp to 80% of patients diagnosed with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) experience complications such as ischaemic stroke, intracerebral or subarachnoid haemorrhage or posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. The aim was to evaluate the incidence of complications in patients diagnosed with RCVS in our clinic.Patients and methodsAll adult patients (age >16 years) diagnosed with RCVS at the Helsinki University Central Hospital during the period between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2022 were retrospectively identified. Medical and follow‐up data were collected from medical records.ResultsEighty patients diagnosed with RCVS were identified, of whom four patients had parenchymal lesions such as ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, posterior cerebral encephalopathy syndrome, subarachnoid haemorrhage or combinations thereof.ConclusionThe complication rate of RCVS is lower than in previously published cohorts. This may be related to better and earlier diagnostics and earlier withdrawal of possible triggers.
Cross‐Country Inequalities in Disease Burden and Quality of Care of Stroke, 1990–2021: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Luo Zeyu , Jiang Denan , Shan Shiyi , Zhou Jiali , Sun Weidi , Wu Jing , Ying Jiayao , Zhou Liying , Zhu Yajie , Song Peige , Rahimi Kazem 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeThis study aims to assess the disease burden and care quality along with cross‐country inequalities for stroke at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021.MethodsData on stroke were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2021 for the globe, five sociodemographic index (SDI) regions, 21 GBD regions, and 204 countries/territories. The disease burden was quantified using the age‐standardized disability‐adjusted life years rate (ASDR). Quality of care (QoC) was evaluated through the age‐standardized QoC index (QCI). To assess cross‐country disparities in both disease burden and age‐standardized QCI, the slope index of inequality (SII) and the concentration index were utilized.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the global ASDR of stroke decreased from 3078.95 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 2893.58, 3237.34) to 1886.20 (95% UI: 1738.99, 2017.90) per 100,000 population, while the age‐standardized QCI improved from 50.79 to 64.61. However, the results of inequalities showed worsening inequalities in both ASDR and QCI, with lower SDI countries shouldering a disproportionate burden and higher SDI countries maintaining higher QoC. The SII and concentration index for ASDR indicated a worsening inequality among lower SDI countries, with SII increasing to −2616.44 and the concentration index increasing to −0.1119 in 2021. Meanwhile, the SII and concentration index for age‐standardized QCI showed a worsening inequality among higher SDI countries, with SII of 27.48 and concentration index of 0.0922 in 2021.ConclusionsDespite notable global advancements, significant disparities in stroke still exist, particularly in lower SDI regions facing high disease burdens and substandard care.
‘You Can't Muck Around With Transplant’: Young People's Experiences of Clinical Care Following Lung Transplant
Authors: Paraskeva Miranda , Gulline Hannah , West Simone , Walsh Louisa , Tarrant Ben , Hatzikiriakidis Kostas , Morris Heather , Ayton Darshini 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundLung transplantation improves survival and quality of life in young people with end‐stage lung disease. Few studies have investigated the clinical care experiences of young people after lung transplantation.DesignThis qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of young people who underwent lung transplantation. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 16 lung transplant recipients (< 25 years at transplant). Interviews were analysed to identify themes and categorize and describe the experience of young lung transplant recipients.ResultsThe themes that emerged were (1) Hope and spectre: The transplant dilemma; (2) Information delivery and comprehension; (3) Independence and navigating care; and (4) Continuity and youth‐appropriate care. Findings suggest that young people have distinct care needs that consider the many parallel life transitions that occur in addition to transplantation. They value consistent and familiar teams, which nurture autonomy and independence in the context of post‐transplant survivorship and highlight the importance of feeling that they can relate to the healthcare process.ConclusionThe results highlight key areas where adolescent lung transplant recipients can be supported by clinicians, enabling the development of youth‐friendly services that cater to this group's healthcare and psychosocial needs.Patient or Public ContributionSixteen lung transplant recipients participated in the study by completing a semi‐structured interview. Two additional lung transplant recipients who received lung transplants as adolescents and one parent of an adolescent lung transplant recipient participated in a Project Advisory Group (PAG) with six clinicians representing paediatric, adolescent, and adult healthcare experience. They provided advice on research design including the development and revision of the interview guide and recruitment methods. They additionally provided feedback on the preliminary findings and outline of the manuscript. A summary of results was presented to the PAG who in conjunction with the writing group developed a list of recommendations based on the themes identified and the tenets of youth‐appropriate care as set out by the World Health Organization. One lung transplant recipient was an author on the manuscript contributing to its writing and review before submission. The clinicians who participated in the PAG did not have direct healthcare relationships with the study participants.
Green Skills in Logistics Vocational Education: A Comparative Study of Curriculum Integration in China and Germany
Authors: Pujun Chen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe logistics sector plays a pivotal role in driving economic growth while addressing environmental sustainability challenges. As the industry transitions towards greener practices, the integration of ‘green skills’ into logistics vocational education and training becomes crucial for equipping the workforce with the competencies needed for sustainable growth. This study explores the integration of green skills into logistics vocational curricula in China and Germany, aiming to gain the current state and challenges in greening the VET curricula for equipping logistics professionals to address the transition towards a green logistics. Using a qualitative curriculum analysis framework inspired by Sterling's model of educational responses to sustainability, this study examines national, regional and school‐level curricula to identify the embedded green skills and their integration approaches in both national contexts. The findings reveal both similarities and differences in green skills integration across the two countries. Both contexts exhibit a stronger emphasis on general green skills over logistics‐specific and cross‐sectoral green skills, reflecting a shared priority for transferable competencies. However, the Chinese curricula demonstrate a fragmented, bottom‐up approach with inconsistent alignment between national and school‐level curricula. In contrast, the German curricula adopt a more structured, top‐down integration strategy, yet inconsistencies at the school level hinder deeper systemic reform. This study concludes that although both countries exhibit evidence of green skills integration, the efforts predominantly remain at the stage of ‘cosmetic reform’. Greater efforts are needed to strengthen the role of VET in supporting the global green transition, with a particular emphasis on adopting systemic approaches from a transformative perspective to embed sustainability into logistics vocational education.
Did COVID‐19 Level the Playing Field or Entrench It? Comparing Patterns of Homeworking by Ethnicity, Gender and Migration Status, Before, During and After COVID‐19 in the UK
Authors: Chung Heejung , Yuan Shiyu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study examines how the pandemic changed the ethnicity gaps in working‐from‐home practices in the UK. We do this by examining seven waves of the UK Labour Force Survey from 2017 to 2023, divided into three time periods—pre‐pandemic, during‐lockdown and post‐lockdown. The results show that although the gap found between White and BME workers in the pre‐pandemic period disappears as we move into the post‐lockdown period, there are large differences between different ethnicities, especially when we intersect ethnicity with migration status, gender, and parental status. Even in the post‐lockdown period of 2022–2023, Black men, particularly Black fathers, stood out for their low levels of homeworking, alongside Chinese and ‘Other Asian’ workers ‐ both men and women. On closer inspection, we found that it was especially migrant workers from these ethnicities who were significantly worse off in terms of their access to homeworking. The paper shows that although we see a positive change in homeworking, which has increased for most ethnic groups over the course of the pandemic, certain groups are still left behind in this growth. The paper further highlights the need for an intersectional analysis when examining such labour market patterns.