bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and biochemical characterization of Arabidopsis alcohol dehydrogenases reveals distinct functional properties but similar redox sensitivity
Authors: Meloni Maria , Rossi Jacopo , Fanti Silvia , Carloni Giacomo , Tedesco Daniele , Treffon Patrick , Piccinini Luca , Falini Giuseppe , Trost Paolo , Vierling Elizabeth , Licausi Francesco , Giuntoli Beatrice , Musiani Francesco , Fermani Simona , Zaffagnini Mirko 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARYAlcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are a group of zinc‐binding enzymes belonging to the medium‐length dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) protein superfamily. In plants, these enzymes fulfill important functions involving the reduction of toxic aldehydes to the corresponding alcohols (as well as catalyzing the reverse reaction, i.e., alcohol oxidation; ADH1) and the reduction of nitrosoglutathione (GSNO; ADH2/GSNOR). We investigated and compared the structural and biochemical properties of ADH1 and GSNOR from Arabidopsis thaliana. We expressed and purified ADH1 and GSNOR and determined two new structures, NADH‐ADH1 and apo‐GSNOR, thus completing the structural landscape of Arabidopsis ADHs in both apo‐ and holo‐forms. A structural comparison of these Arabidopsis ADHs revealed a high sequence conservation (59% identity) and a similar fold. In contrast, a striking dissimilarity was observed in the catalytic cavity supporting substrate specificity and accommodation. Consistently, ADH1 and GSNOR showed strict specificity for their substrates (ethanol and GSNO, respectively), although both enzymes had the ability to oxidize long‐chain alcohols, with ADH1 performing better than GSNOR. Both enzymes contain a high number of cysteines (12 and 15 out of 379 residues for ADH1 and GSNOR, respectively) and showed a significant and similar responsivity to thiol‐oxidizing agents, indicating that redox modifications may constitute a mechanism for controlling enzyme activity under both optimal growth and stress conditions.
NADPH oxidase‐dependent H2O2 production mediates salicylic acid‐induced salt tolerance in mangrove plant Kandelia obovata by regulating Na+/K+ and redox homeostasis
Authors: Wu Xuan , Li Jing , Song Ling‐Yu , Zeng Lin‐Lan , Guo Ze‐Jun , Ma Dong‐Na , Wei Ming‐Yue , Zhang Lu‐Dan , Wang Xiu‐Xiu , Zheng Hai‐Lei 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARYSalicylic acid (SA) is known to enhance salt tolerance in plants. However, the mechanism of SA‐mediated response to high salinity in halophyte remains unclear. Using electrophysiological and molecular biological methods, we investigated the role of SA in response to high salinity in mangrove species, Kandelia obovata, a typical halophyte. Exposure of K. obovata roots to high salinity resulted in a rapid increase in endogenous SA produced by phenylalanine ammonia lyase pathway. The application of exogenous SA improved the salt tolerance of K. obovata, which depended on the NADPH oxidase‐mediated H2O2. Exogenous SA and H2O2 increased Na+ efflux and reduced K+ loss by regulating the transcription levels of Na+ and K+ transport‐related genes, thus reducing the Na+/K+ ratio in the salt‐treated K. obovata roots. In addition, exogenous SA‐enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and its transcripts, and the expressions of four genes related to AsA‐GSH cycle as well, then alleviated oxidative damages in the salt‐treated K. obovata roots. However, the above effects of SA could be reversed by diphenyleneiodonium chloride (the NADPH oxidase inhibitor) and paclobutrazol (a SA biosynthesis inhibitor). Collectively, our results demonstrated that SA‐induced salt tolerance of K. obovata depends on NADPH oxidase‐generated H2O2 that affects Na+/K+ and redox homeostasis in response to high salinity.
Photosensitizer‐loaded hydrogels: A new antibacterial dressing
Authors: Liu Shunying , Feng Yanhai , Tan Yang , Chen Jinyi , Yang Tao , Wang Xiaoyu , Li Lingfei , Wang Fangjie , Liang Huaping , Zhong Julia‐Li , Qi Chao , Lei Xia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBacterial wound infection has emerged as a pivotal threat to human health worldwide, and the situation has worsened owing to the gradual increase in antibiotic‐resistant bacteria caused by the improper use of antibiotics. To reduce the use of antibiotics and avoid the increase in antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, researchers are increasingly paying attention to photodynamic therapy, which uses light to produce reactive oxygen species to kill bacteria. Treating bacteria‐infected wounds by photodynamic therapy requires fixing the photosensitizer (PS) at the wound site and maintaining a certain level of wound humidity. Hydrogels are materials with a high water content and are well suited for fixing PSs at wound sites for antibacterial photodynamic therapy. Therefore, hydrogels are often loaded with PSs for treating bacteria‐infected wounds via antibacterial photodynamic therapy. In this review, we systematically summarised the antibacterial mechanisms and applications of PS‐loaded hydrogels for treating bacteria‐infected wounds via photodynamic therapy. In addition, the recent studies and the research status progresses of novel antibacterial hydrogels are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of PS‐loaded hydrogels are reviewed.
Theory and Empirical Analysis of Bridge Load Limitation Under the Action of Typical Heavy-Duty Vehicles
Authors: Gao Qingfei , Jiang Haonan , Wang Haoran , Guo Binqiang , Jiang Zaiyang , Wang Chuan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
With the continuous growth of transportation demands, in-service highway bridges face greater challenges in their long-term operational lifespans, and bridge collapse accidents caused by vehicle overloading occur from time to time. Additionally, under the influence of loads and environmental factors, various wear patterns inevitably lead to degraded reinforced concrete bridges. In view of this problem, it is reasonable and feasible to limit the vehicle loads passing over highway bridges, and the key basis for limitation is determining the load limit value of a bridge. To determine a reasonable load limit value of a bridge, this paper has carried out the following research: Based on a classification of vehicle types, this paper explores the load parameters of several heavy-duty vehicles with large traffic volumes through traffic flow information and summarizes the load spectra of typical heavy-duty vehicles. On the basis of the theory of structural reliability, a method for determining the limit load of bridges is proposed. Given a structural target reliability index, the theoretical load limit value of a bridge can be calculated. To ensure the rationality of the theory of bridge load limit value, by relying on the engineering example, the theoretical load limit value is calculated. By comparing actual bridge load test data with the finite element model results, the rationality of the bridge load limiting theory is verified. Finally, the paper notes that it is safer and more reliable to define the load limit value according to the bending stress state for bridges.
Sizing and Shape Optimization of Discrete Truss Employing a Target-Oriented Krill Herd Algorithm
Authors: Cheng Lixiang , Zhao Yan-Gang , Li Pei-Pei , Yan Lewei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The krill herd (KH) algorithm is widely used for optimizing truss structures as no gradient information is necessary, and only a few parameters require adjustment. However, when the truss structure becomes discrete and complex, KH tends to fall into a local optimum. Therefore, a novel target-oriented KH (TOKH) algorithm is proposed in this study to optimize the design of discrete truss structures. Initially, a crossover operator is established between the “best krill” and “suboptimal krill” to generate a robust “cross krill” for global exploration. Additionally, an improved local mutation and crossover (ILMC) operator is introduced to fine-tune the “center of food” and candidate solutions for local exploitation. The proposed method and other optimization approaches are experimentally compared considering 15 benchmark functions. Then, the performance of the TOKH algorithm is evaluated based on four discrete truss structure optimization problems under multiple loading conditions. The obtained optimization results indicate that the proposed method presents competitive solutions in terms of accuracy, unlike other algorithms in the literature, and avoids falling into a local minimum.
Controlling Surface of Rods With Entrained Particle as Asperities
Authors: Khalil Md Ibrahim , Islam Md. Akibul , Tong Dezhong , Jawed Mohammad Khalid , Khoda Bashir 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Changing the surface properties (i.e., roughness or friction) can be instrumental for many applications but can be a complex and resource-intensive process. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel process of controlling the friction of a continuous rod by delivering inorganic microparticles. A standardized continuous particle transfer protocol has been developed in our laboratory for depositing particles from a liquid carrier system (LCS) to the cylindrical rod substrate. The particle transfer process can produce controllable and tunable surface properties. Polymeric binder is used to deliver the particles as asperities over the rod substrate and by controlling their size, shape, and distribution, the coefficient of friction of the rod is determined. Tabletop experiments are designed and performed to measure the friction coefficient following the Capstan equation. The entrained particles on the substrate will create size- and shape-based asperities, which will alter the surface morphology toward the desired direction. Both oblique and direct quantitative measurements are performed at different particles and binder concentrations. A systematic variation in the friction coefficient is observed and reported in the result section. It is observed from the capstan experiment that adding only 1% irregular shaped particles in the suspension changes the friction coefficient of the rods by almost 115%. The proposed friction control technique is a simple scale-up, low-cost, low-waste, and low-energy manufacturing method for controlling the surface morphology.
‘Snapshot in time’: a cross-sectional study exploring stakeholder experiences with environmental scans in health services delivery research
Authors: Charlton Patricia , Nagel Daniel A , Azar Rima , Kean Terri , Campbell Alyson , Lamontagne Marie-Eve , Déry Julien , Kelly Katherine Jennifer , Fahim Christine 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo describe stakeholder characteristics and perspectives about experiences, challenges and information needs related to the use of environmental scans (ESs).DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsA web-based survey platform was used to disseminate an online survey to stakeholders who had experience with conducting ESs in a health services delivery context (eg, researchers, policy makers, practitioners). Participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling. The survey was disseminated internationally, was available in English and French, and remained open for 6 weeks (15 October to 30 November 2022).AnalysisDescriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics and experiences of stakeholders. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the open-text questions.ResultsOf 47 participants who responded to the survey, 94% were from Canada, 4% from the USA and 2% from Australia. Respondents represented academic institutions (57%), health agency/government (32%) and non-government organisations or agencies (11%). Three themes were identified: (a)having a sense of value and utility; (b)experiencing uncertainty and confusion; and (c)seeking guidance. The data suggest stakeholders found value and utility in ESs and conducted them for varied purposes including to: (a) enhance knowledge, understanding and learning about the current landscape or state of various features of health services delivery (eg, programmes, practices, policies, services, best practices); (b) expose needs, service barriers, challenges, gaps, threats, opportunities; (c) help guide action for planning, policy and programme development; and (d) inform recommendations and decision-making. Stakeholders also experienced conceptual, methodological and practical barriers when conducting ESs, and expressed a need for methodological guidance delivered through published guidelines, checklists and other means.ConclusionESs have value and utility for addressing health services delivery concerns, but conceptual and methodological challenges exist. Further research is needed to help advance the ES as a distinct design that provides a systematic approach to planning and conducting ESs.
Strategies for research capacity building by family physicians in primary healthcare: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Gil Conde Margarida , Costa Isabel , Silvério Serra Sofia , Ramos Raquel Carmona , Ribeiro Cristina , Broeiro-Goncalves Paula , Penedo Carolina Reis , Parola Vitor , Nicola Paulo 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThe qualities of primary healthcare (PHC) make it a very relevant environment for research; however, there is still work to be done to enhance the research capabilities of family physicians in healthcare units. Considering there is no ongoing review that specifically addresses this objective, the proposed goal of this scoping review is to determine the depth of the literature on the current strategies that support research capacity building among family physicians in the context of PHC.Methods and analysisThe scoping review will include studies from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and grey literature, published from 2008 to 2023, that address strategies to promote research capacity building among family physicians in the context of PHC. Only studies published in English, Portuguese or Spanish will be considered. All study designs, including quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies, will be eligible for inclusion. The literature search will be performed from January to March of 2024 and data charting will employ a descriptive-analytical method, systematically summarising study objectives, methodologies, findings and implications. This protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols and the review will employ the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews.Ethics and disseminationThis review does not need ethical approval. Peer-reviewed publications, policy summaries, presentations at conferences and involvement with pertinent stakeholders are all part of our outreach approach.
Community health navigator-assisted transition of care from hospital to community: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Parker Sharon M , Aslani Parisa , Harris-Roxas Ben , Wright Michael C , Barr Margo , Doolan-Noble F , Javanparast Sara , Sharma Anurag , Osborne Richard H , Cullen John , Harris Elizabeth , Haigh Fiona , Harris Mark 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThe objective of this parallel group, randomised controlled trial is to evaluate a community health navigator (CHN) intervention provided to patients aged over 40 years and living with chronic health conditions to transition from hospital inpatient care to their homes. Unplanned hospital readmissions are costly for the health system and negatively impact patients.Methods and analysisPatients are randomised post hospital discharge to the CHN intervention or usual care. A comparison of outcomes between intervention and control groups will use multivariate regression techniques that adjust for age, sex and any independent variables that are significantly different between the two groups, using multiple imputation for missing values. Time-to-event analysis will examine the relationship between seeing a CHN following discharge from the index hospitalisation and reduced rehospitalisations in the subsequent 60 days and 6 months. Secondary outcomes include medication adherence, health literacy, quality of life, experience of healthcare and health service use (including the cost of care). We will also conduct a qualitative assessment of the implementation of the navigator role from the viewpoint of stakeholders including patients, health professionals and the navigators themselves.Ethics approvalEthics approval was obtained from the Research Ethics and Governance Office, Sydney Local Health District, on 21 January 2022 (Protocol no. X21-0438 and 2021/ETH12171). The findings of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and national and international conference presentations. Data will be deposited in an institutional data repository at the end of the trial. This is subject to Ethics Committee approval, and the metadata will be made available on request.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12622000659707).Article SummaryThe objective of this trial is to evaluate a CHN intervention provided to patients aged over 40 years and living with chronic health conditions to transition from hospital inpatient care to their homes.
Protocol of a 12-week eHealth programme designed to reduce concerns about falling in community-living older people: Own Your Balance randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lim Mei Ling , Perram Amy , Radford Kylie , Close Jacqueline , Draper Brian , Lord Stephen R , Anstey Kaarin J , O'Dea Bridianne , Ambrens Meghan , Hill Thi-Yen , Brown Alicia , Miles Lillian , Ngo Michelle , Letton Meg , van Schooten Kimberley S , Delbaere Kim 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionConcerns about falling (CaF) are common in older people and have been associated with avoidance of activities of daily life. Exercise designed to prevent falls can reduce CaF, but the effects are usually short-lived. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can reduce CaF for longer but is not readily available in the community and unlikely to prevent falls. A multidomain intervention that combines CBT, motivational interviewing and exercise could be the long-term solution to treat CaF and reduce falls in older people with CaF. This paper describes the design of a randomised controlled trial to test the effectiveness of two different 12 week self-managed eHealth programmes to reduce CaF compared with an active control.MethodsA total of 246 participants (82 per group) aged 65 and over, with substantial concerns about falls or balance will be recruited from the community. They will be randomised into: (1) myCompass-Own Your Balance (OYB) (online CBT programme) intervention or (2) myCompass-OYB plus StandingTall intervention (an eHealth balance exercise programme), both including motivational interviewing and online health education or (3) an active control group (online health education alone). The primary outcome is change in CaF over 12 months from baseline of both intervention groups compared with control. The secondary outcomes at 2, 6 and 12 months include balance confidence, physical activity, habitual daily activity, enjoyment of physical activity, social activity, exercise self-efficacy, rate of falls, falls health literacy, mood, psychological well-being, quality of life, exercise self-efficacy, programme adherence, healthcare use, user experience and attitudes towards the programme. An intention-to-treat analysis will be applied. The healthcare funder’s perspective will be adopted for the economic evaluation if appropriate.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the South Eastern Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee (2019/ETH12840). Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals, local and international conferences, community events and media releases.Trial registration numberACTRN12621000440820.
Impact of human papillomavirus age-related prevalence and vaccination levels on interpretation of cervical screening modalities: a modelling study
Authors: Grimes David Robert 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveCervical screening is a life-saving intervention, which reduces the incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer in the population. Human papillomavirus (HPV) based screening modalities hold unique promise in improving screening accuracy. HPV prevalence varies markedly by age, as does resultant cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), with higher rates recorded in younger women. With the advent of effective vaccination for HPV drastically reducing prevalence of both HPV and CIN, it is critical to model how the accuracy of different screening approaches varies with age cohort and vaccination status. This work establishes a model for the age-specific prevalence of HPV factoring in vaccine coverage and predicts how the accuracy of common screening modalities is affected by age profile and vaccine uptake.DesignModelling study of HPV infection rates by age, ascertained from European cohorts prior to the introduction of vaccination. Reductions in HPV due to vaccination were estimated from the bounds predicted from multiple modelling studies, yielding a model for age-varying HPV and CIN grades 2 and above (CIN2+) prevalence.SettingPerformance of both conventional liquid-based cytology (LBC) screening and HPV screening with LBC reflex (HPV reflex) was estimated under different simulated age cohorts and vaccination levels.ParticipantsSimulated populations of varying age and vaccination status.ResultsHPV-reflex modalities consistently result in much lower incidence of false positives than LBC testing, with an accuracy that improves even as HPV and CIN2+ rates decline.ConclusionsHPV-reflex tests outperform LBC tests across all age profiles, resulting in greater test accuracy. This improvement is especially pronounced as HPV infection rates fall and suggests HPV-reflex modalities are robust to future changes in the epidemiology of HPV.
Association of Long COVID with mental health disorders: a retrospective cohort study using real-world data from the USA
Authors: Zhang Yue , Chinchilli Vernon M , Ssentongo Paddy , Ba Djibril M 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesMental health disorders (MHD) rank third for US adult hospitalisations. Given the substantial prevalence of ‘Long COVID’ in SARS-CoV-2 survivors, this study aims to assess its association with increased MHD risk using extensive real-world data.DesignA retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching was conducted. We used the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes to identify individuals with Long COVID status and COVID-19 histories. Multivariable stratified Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted to determine the association of Long COVID status with MHD.SettingData were sourced from the TriNetX database, spanning records from 1 October 2021 to 16 April 2023.ParticipantsTwo distinct cohorts were established: one comprising individuals diagnosed with Long COVID and another comprising individuals with no history of Long COVID or COVID-19. At the start of the study, none of the participants had a recorded MHD.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe main outcome of interest was a composite diagnosis of MHD. Secondary outcomes were individual mental health conditions.ResultsThe study included 43 060 control participants without Long COVID and 4306 Long COVID participants, demonstrating well-balanced distribution across all covariates. After adjusting for 4 demographic factors and 10 comorbidities, Long COVID was associated with MHD (adjusted HR, aHR 2.60; 95% CI 2.37 to 2.85). In subgroup analysis, Long COVID was associated with major depression disorder (aHR 3.36; 95% CI 2.82 to 4.00) and generalised anxiety disorder (aHR 3.44; 95% CI 2.99 to 3.96).ConclusionsIn this retrospective large real-world cohort study, Long COVID was associated with an increased risk of incident MHD. The MHD impact is significant considering the vast number of patients with Long COVID. Enhanced MHD screening among COVID-19 survivors should be a priority.