bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When forests hold their breath: will increasing drought further disrupt carbon sequestration?
Authors: Chen Yi-Ying , Simon Wang S-Y , Yu Hong-Wen , Liu Wan-Yu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The 2020–2021 record drought in Taiwan halted carbon sequestration in its predominantly evergreen subtropical forests. The analysis uncovers a significant correlation between net ecosystem exchange, radiative factors, groundwater levels, and wildfires, indicating that the severity of droughts leads to a shift from carbon absorption to emission in these forests, thereby inviting a broader examination of the climate–carbon nexus in future scenarios.
Force-induced desorption of copolymeric comb polymers
Authors: Janse van Rensburg E J , Soteros C E , Whittington S G 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We investigate a lattice model of comb copolymers that can adsorb at a surface and that are subject to a force causing desorption. The teeth (the comb’s side chains) and the backbone of the comb are chemically distinct and can interact differently with the surface. That is, the strength of the surface interaction can be different for the monomers in the teeth and in the backbone. We consider several cases including (i) the uniform case where the number of teeth is fixed and the lengths of the branches in the backbone and the lengths of the teeth are all identical, (ii) the case where the teeth are short compared to the branches in the backbone, (iii) the situation where the teeth are long compared to the backbone, and (iv) the case where the number of teeth approaches infinity. We obtain expressions for the free energies in the thermodynamic limit in terms of those for self-avoiding walks and discuss the nature of the phase diagrams of the model.
Dielectric properties of the Ca0.25Cu0.75-xAlxTiO3 ceramics: experimental and computational investigations
Authors: Boonlakhorn Jakkree , Suksangrat Punpatsorn , Srepusharawoot Pornjuk 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this study, we employed a solid-state reaction method to synthesize Ca0.25Cu0.75-xAlxTiO3 ceramics, investigating the impact of Al doping at concentrations of x = 0 and 0.0125. Notably, all ceramics exhibited a primary phase of Ca0.25Cu0.75TiO3. The addition of Al3+ induced a significant increase in grain size. Density functional theory analyses revealed a preferential occupation of Cu sites by Al, leading to liquid-phase sintering processes attributed to excess Cu. Moreover, it was also found from DFT that the Al dopant cannot induce an oxygen vacancy in the lattice. Charge density analysis revealed that Cu+ and Ti3+ observed via XPS originate from the presence of an oxygen vacancy. The Ca0.25Cu0.7375Al0.0125TiO3 ceramic exhibited a very high dielectric permittivity of 9.23 × 104 and a low dielectric loss tangent of 0.057 at 1 kHz and room temperature. Importantly, the dielectric permittivity exhibited impressive stability over a temperature range of −60 °C to 110 °C, perfectly meeting the practical requirements for utilization in X5R ceramic capacitors. Our investigation indicates that the improved dielectric properties may be attributed to enhanced grain boundary responses, influenced by oxygen enrichment and the presence of metastable insulating layers at grain boundaries. Combining experimental findings with theoretical evidence, our study elucidates that the excellent dielectric properties of the Ca0.25Cu0.7375Al0.0125TiO3 ceramic originate from an extrinsic effect arising from grain boundary enhancement. This work not only contributes to advancing the understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing dielectric behavior in doped ceramics, but also emphasizes the potential of Ca0.25Cu0.7375Al0.0125TiO3 as a promising material for applications demanding superior dielectric performance.
Assessing light performance of vertical greenery shading in tropical climate
Authors: Kristanto Luciana , Ekasiwi Sri Nastiti Nugrahani , Dinapradipta Asri 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Natural light is abundant in tropical climates and advantageous for incorporating daylighting into building designs. However, this daylight intensity often leads to excessive brightness indoors, specifically in high-rise buildings with glass façades. In addressing sustainability concerns, incorporating greenery outside glass façades can effectively shade and alleviate eyestrain for building occupants. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of plant leaves in reducing the high light intensity on glass facades. An experiment was conducted using the Vernonia elliptica plant, which thrives in medium to high sunlight in tropical climates. Three different leaf area indexes (LAI) were examined in this study as the independent variables, while light illuminance and luminance served as the dependent variables. Two identical box models measuring 1 m × 1 m × 1 m were utilized for the experiment. The two models were oriented towards the west and north, representing intense and longer light exposure. The first, the base case, featured a glass façade without any other additional element, whereas the other incorporated greenery on its glass façade. The obtained results indicated that the impact of leaf density on illuminance and luminance is significant, specifically when the LAI is doubled. It was also found that denser foliage with longer leaf strands produced better results, specifically at low altitudes. These results can be used to implement vertical greenery shading in high-rise office buildings.
Prediction of suitable areas and division of key monitoring zones for Solidago canadensis in Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Zhang Qingqing , Wang Jiaguo , Sun Yan , Wu Jiawei , Long Mengqian , Luo Chong , Li Weijie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Comprehending invasive alien species’ potential habitat area and spread trend are of great importance for effective prevention and control strategy and prevention of spread. However, previous studies have mainly been based on large regional scales (national or global level). Research on the smaller regional scale of ecologically fragile karst makes the prevention and control measures more feasible and targeted, it is of great significance to protect mountainous region species diversity and maintain national nature reserves. In this study, based on the distribution point data of Solidago canadensis in Guizhou Province and environmental factors, Pearson correlation analysis and contribution rate analysis of environmental factors were carried out by SPSS and knife cutting method, and current and future potential distribution vector maps were obtained by MaxEnt model, and then imported into ArcGIS for reclassification and visualization. The results show that, (1) the main drivers of S canadensis distribution were precipitation changes and human activities, the total contribution rate more than 70%; (2) S canadensis occurrence probability initially increased, and then decreased with increased precipitation variables, and increased rapidly initially, then gradually with increasing human footprint; (3) under current climate conditions, S canadensis suitable area is 8.13 × 104 km2, with the highly suitable area concentrated in Guiyang, east of Bijie, Zunyi, Anshun and Qiannan. Under climate conditions of the 2050s, the suitable area drops slightly to 8.00 × 104 km2, mainly in the west and north of Zunyi, Anshun and other areas reduced. Under climate conditions of the 2070s, the suitable area expands to 8.31 × 104 km2, it expands in the adjacent areas of Anshun, Qiannan and Qianxinan and the junction of Zunyi, Tongren, Qiannan and Qiandongnan. And move toward the south within the study area; (4) finally, using the spatial optimization software ZONATION, according to the landscape loss proportion curve, the key monitoring area of 79,857 km2 was obtained, including a primary monitoring area mainly distributed in Guiyang, east of Bijie, northeast of Anshun and northwest of Qiannan, a secondary monitoring area mainly outside the primary monitoring area, and a third-level monitoring area widely distributed in Zunyi, Tongren, Qiannan, west of Qiandongnan and Anshun and east of Bijie. Linking our results with this specie’s invasive power, we thus recommended to increase the prevention and control sites in the first-level monitoring area, and continue to pay attention to the risk of the southward spread of this species.
Temperature and hospital admissions in the Eastern Mediterranean: a case study in Cyprus
Authors: Wang Yichen , Achilleos Souzana , Salameh Pascale , Kouis Panayiotis , Yiallouros Panayiotis K , Critselis Elena , Nicolaides Kleanthis , Tymvios Filippos , Savvides Chrysanthos , Vasiliadou Emily , Papatheodorou Stefania I , Koutrakis Petros , Alahmad Barrak 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Exposure to extreme temperatures can trigger a cascade of adverse cardiovascular and respiratory events. However, in Cyprus, a hotspot of climate change in the Eastern Mediterranean region, little is known about the temperature-related cardiorespiratory morbidity risks. We analyzed daily counts of hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases from four general hospitals in three districts in Cyprus from 2000 through 2019. For each district, we fitted time-series quasi-Poisson regression with distributed lag non-linear models to analyze the associations between daily mean temperature (lag 0–21 d) and hospital admissions for cardiorespiratory, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. A random-effects meta-analytical model was then applied to pool the district-specific estimates and obtain the national average associations. We analyzed 20 years of cause-specific hospitalization data with a total of 179 988 cardiovascular and respiratory events. The relationships between cardiorespiratory morbidity and temperature were overall U-shaped. During extreme temperature days, 15.85% (95% empirical CI [eCI]: 8.24, 22.40%) excess cardiovascular hospitalizations and 9.59% (95% eCI: −0.66, 18.69%) excess respiratory hospitalizations were attributable to extreme cold days (below the 2.5th percentile). Extreme hot days (above the 97.5th percentile) accounted for 0.17% (95% eCI: 0.03, 0.29%) excess cardiovascular hospitalizations and 0.23% (95% eCI: 0.07, 0.35%) excess respiratory hospitalizations. We found evidence of increased cardiovascular morbidity risk associated with extreme temperatures in Cyprus. Our study highlights the necessity to implement public health interventions and adaptive measures to mitigate the related temperature effects in an understudied region.
Computing nonsurjective primes associated to Galois representations of genus 2 curves
Authors: Banwait Barinder , Brumer Armand , Kim Hyun , Klagsbrun Zev , Mayle Jacob , Srinivasan Padmavathi , Vogt Isabel 
Published: February 2024

For a genus

2
2

curve

C
C

over

Q

\mathbb {Q}

whose Jacobian

A
A

admits only trivial geometric endomorphisms, Serre’s open image theorem for abelian surfaces asserts that there are only finitely many primes

ℓ
\ell

for which the Galois action on

ℓ
\ell

-torsion points of

A
A

is not maximal. Building on work of Dieulefait, we give a practical algorithm to compute this finite set. The key inputs are Mitchell’s classification of maximal subgroups of

P
S

p
4

(

F

ℓ

)

PSp_4(\mathbb {F}_\ell )

, sampling of the characteristic polynomials of Frobenius, and the Khare–Wintenberger modularity theorem. The algorithm has been submitted for integration into Sage, executed on all of the genus

2
2

curves with trivial endomorphism ring in the LMFDB, and the results incorporated into the homepage of each such curve.
Inappropriate Identities: Racialized Language Ideologies and Sociolinguistic Competence in a Study Abroad Context
Authors: Grammon Devin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article examines cases where two study abroad students—Rita and Jack—problematized the normative use of specific dialectal variants by local native speakers at the end of their Spanish immersion program in Peru. Specifically, it explores what these cases reveal about second language learners’ sociolinguistic competence in a study abroad context involving their knowledge of native speaker norms and the contextual appropriateness of target language variation. An analysis of ethnographic data suggests that Rita and Jack interpreted the appropriate use of sociolinguistic variation from the local variety of Andean Spanish by drawing on prevalent racialized language ideologies in the host community that link non-standard variants to an indigenous identity imagined as incompetent in Spanish. These findings validate a need for alternative analytic frameworks that conceptualize second language learners’ development of sociolinguistic competence in terms of language ideologies rather than objective sets of normative native speaker practices. This study advances calls to develop L2 learners’ critical language awareness through curricular innovation and critical pedagogies in study abroad programs.
mBARq: a versatile and user-friendly framework for the analysis of DNA barcodes from transposon insertion libraries, knockout mutants, and isogenic strain populations
Authors: Sintsova Anna , Ruscheweyh Hans-Joachim , Field Christopher M , Feer Lilith , Nguyen Bidong D , Daniel Benjamin , Hardt Wolf-Dietrich , Vorholt Julia A , Sunagawa Shinichi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Motivation
DNA barcoding has become a powerful tool for assessing the fitness of strains in a variety of studies, including random transposon mutagenesis screens, attenuation of site-directed mutants, and population dynamics of isogenic strain pools. However, the statistical analysis, visualization, and contextualization of the data resulting from such experiments can be complex and require bioinformatic skills.

Results
Here, we developed mBARq, a user-friendly tool designed to simplify these steps for diverse experimental setups. The tool is seamlessly integrated with an intuitive web app for interactive data exploration via the STRING and KEGG databases to accelerate scientific discovery.

Availability and implementation
The tool is implemented in Python. The source code is freely available (https://github.com/MicrobiologyETHZ/mbarq) and the web app can be accessed at: https://microbiomics.io/tools/mbarq-app.
Actioning the findings of hard endpoint clinical trials as they emerge in the realm of chronic kidney disease care: a review and a call to action
Authors: Strippoli Giovanni F M , Green Suetonia C 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTFewer than half of patients treated with hemodialysis survive 5 years. Multiple therapeutics are used to address the complications of advanced chronic kidney disease but most have not been found to improve clinical outcomes. Clinical trials of treatment innovations for chronic kidney diseases and dialysis care have been suboptimal in number and quality. Recent trials are changing this trend. Practice and policy change when new evidence emerges remains frequently impeded by resource and organizational constraints and accordingly, clinical practice guidelines are updated years or decades after definitive evidence is produced. Ultimately, practice change in health systems is slow, leading to impaired uptake of effective medical interventions and lower value healthcare, although innovations in rapid guideline production are emerging. What can be done to ensure that conclusive evidence is taken up in practice, policy and healthcare funding? We use the example of the recently published hard endpoint study “Comparison of high-dose HDF with high-flux HD” (CONVINCE) (hemodiafiltration versus hemodialysis), to explain how a new trial can impact on medical knowledge and change in practices. We (i) assess how the trial can be placed in the context of the totality of the evidence, (ii) define whether or not further trials of convective dialysis therapies are still needed and (iii) examine whether the evidence for convective therapies is now ready to inform practice, policy and funding change. When looking at CONVINCE in the context of the totality of evidence, we show that it addresses dialysis quality improvement priorities and is consistent with other trials evaluating convective dialysis therapies, and that the evidence for convective dialysis therapies is now definitive. Once updated evidence for cost-effectiveness in specific healthcare settings and patient-reported outcomes become available, we should therefore determine whether or not clinical practice guidelines should recommend uptake of convective dialysis therapies routinely, and move on to evaluating other treatments.
Large pericardial effusion in a woman in the second trimester of pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Rammos Aidonis , Papaioannou Eftychia , Lazaros George , Siminelakis Stavros , Naka Katerina K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Pericardial effusion is common in pregnancy, with causes similar to the general population. Usually, it is found in the third trimester and disappears spontaneously after labour; however, there is a risk of progression to tamponade. Management is based on expert opinion, since few studies have been published.

Case summary
A woman with enlargement of a known, chronic, presumably idiopathic pericardial effusion, in the 17th gestation week, presented with mild dyspnoea, without specific echocardiographic signs of cardiac tamponade. She received double antithrombotic treatment with aspirin 100 mg, started before conception, and a prophylactic dose of tinzaparin 4500 IU, started at the beginning of the pregnancy due to obstetrical antiphospholipid syndrome. A multidisciplinary team consisting of the treating obstetrician–gynaecologist, haematologist, cardiothoracic surgeon, and cardiologist discussed the management, taking into account the large size of the effusion and the significant increase during pregnancy, the possibility of further increase during the third trimester, the antiplatelet and antithrombotic treatment, which increased the haemorrhagic risk, and the difficulty and risk to intervene later in pregnancy. A surgical pericardial window was proposed to the patient and family and was performed uneventfully.

Discussion
This case demonstrates the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach and shared decision-making in the management of these complex cardio-obstetric patients in order to achieve optimal therapeutic results.
Acute radiation-induced pericarditis complicated by polymicrobial infectious pericarditis in a patient with mediastinal sarcoma: a case report
Authors: Yan Kimberly L , Lee Yoo Jin , Baik Alan H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Acute pericarditis is often caused by viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and radiation therapy (RT). Infectious pericarditis is rare and associated with high morbidity and mortality. We present a case of acute RT-induced pericarditis complicated by bacterial pericarditis and cardiac tamponade due to oesophageal bacterial translocation.

Case summary
A 65-year-old man with a recurrent mediastinal sarcoma complicated by oesophageal compression and recent oesophageal stenting presented with shortness of breath. Electrocardiogram showed diffuse ST elevations, and he was diagnosed with presumed RT-induced pericarditis. Despite anti-inflammatory therapy, he developed haemodynamic instability and clinical tamponade, with transthoracic echocardiogram showing a large circumferential pericardial effusion. He underwent emergent pericardiocentesis, and pericardial fluid cultures grew polymicrobial species. Anti-inflammatories were held, and he was started on broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics and antifungals. Due to clinical decompensation and repeat computed tomography imaging demonstrating worsening pericardial disease, he underwent pericardial irrigation and subxiphoid pericardial window. The patient died from hypoxaemic and hypercapnic respiratory failure. Autopsy revealed constrictive pericarditis and no bacterial organisms in the pericardium.

Discussion
Anti-inflammatories are standard treatment for viral and RT-induced pericarditis. Purulent, bacterial pericarditis is rare and an uncommon complication of RT-induced pericarditis. Polymicrobial infectious pericarditis is often refractory to intravenous antibiotics, requiring surgical intervention. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion of various potential aetiologies of pericarditis in order to tailor medical and surgical therapies especially in high-risk, immunosuppressed cancer patients.
Sociodemographic inequalities of suicide: a population-based cohort study of adults in England and Wales 2011–21
Authors: Ward Isobel L , Finning Katie , Ayoubkhani Daniel , Hendry Katie , Sharland Emma , Appleby Louis , Nafilyan Vahé 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The risk of suicide is complex and often a result of multiple interacting factors. Understanding which groups of the population are most at risk of suicide is important to inform the development of targeted public health interventions.

Methods
We used a novel linked dataset that combined the 2011 Census with the population-level mortality data in England and Wales. We fitted generalized linear models with a Poisson link function to estimate the rates of suicide across different sociodemographic groups and to identify which characteristics are independent predictors of suicide.

Results
Overall, the highest rates of suicide were among men aged 40–50 years, individuals who reported having a disability or long-term health problem, those who were unemployed long term or never had worked, and those who were single or separated. After adjusting for other characteristics such as employment status, having a disability or long-term health problem, was still found to increase the incidence of suicide relative to those without impairment [incidence rate ratio minimally adjusted (women) = 3.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.3–3.6; fully adjusted (women) 3.1, 95% CI = 3.0–3.3]. Additionally, while the absolute rate of suicide was lower in women compared with men, the relative risk in people reporting impairments compared with those who do not was higher in women compared with men.

Conclusions
The findings of this work provide novel population-level insights into the risk of suicide by sociodemographic characteristics in England and Wales. Our results highlight several sociodemographic groups who may benefit from more targeted suicide prevention policies and practices.
Interpretation issues with “genomic vulnerability” arise from conceptual issues in local adaptation and maladaptation
Authors: Lotterhos Katie E 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As climate change causes the environment to shift away from the local optimum that populations have adapted to, fitness declines are predicted to occur. Recently, methods known as genomic offsets (GOs) have become a popular tool to predict population responses to climate change from landscape genomic data. Populations with a high GO have been interpreted to have a high “genomic vulnerability” to climate change. GOs are often implicitly interpreted as a fitness offset, or a change in fitness of an individual or population in a new environment compared to a reference. However, there are several different types of fitness offset that can be calculated, and the appropriate choice depends on the management goals. This study uses hypothetical and empirical data to explore situations in which different types of fitness offsets may or may not be correlated with each other or with a GO. The examples reveal that even when GOs predict fitness offsets in a common garden experiment, this does not necessarily validate their ability to predict fitness offsets to environmental change. Conceptual examples are also used to show how a large GO can arise under a positive fitness offset, and thus cannot be interpreted as a population vulnerability. These issues can be resolved with robust validation experiments that can evaluate which fitness offsets are correlated with GOs.