bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, structural, optical, and thermal properties of LaFeO3/Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Poly(vinyl acetate) nanocomposites for radiation shielding
Authors: Khalifa M. , El Sayed Adel M. , Kassem Said M. , Tarek E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis work is an attempt to develop flexible radiation shielding based on a blend of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and LaFeO3 nanoparticles (NPs). LaFeO3 and LaFeO3/PMMA/PVAc were made using simple chemical techniques. A high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that well-crystallized LaFeO3 NPs with particles 79 nm in size and an orthorhombic shape were obtained. In addition, XRD confirmed the existence of PMMA, PVAc, and LaFeO3 in the nanocomposite films. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) confirmed that the LaFeO3 NPs and the reactive functional groups in the blend interacted with each other. Field emission-scan electron microscope (FE-SEM) analysis showed that PMMA and PVAc form a homogenous blend and that the LaFeO3 NPs were spread out inside and on the blend surface. The samples showed transmittance in the range of 30–74% and a small extinction coefficient (≤ 0.08). The samples exhibited a dual-band gap structure, and the direct (indirect) band gap shrank from 5.1 to 4.7 eV (4.9 to 4.4 eV). The thermal analyses showed that the samples are thermally stable up to 260 °C. The Phy-X/PSD software was used to figure out the theoretical gamma-ray attenuation parameters, such as the mass attenuation coefficient, the mean free path, and the half-value layer, for different PMMA/PVAc + x% LaFeO3 composites. It is demonstrated that the PMMA/PVAc + 10 wt% LaFeO3 sample exhibits much better shielding effectiveness than PMMA/PVAc, and hence it is suitable for protecting against radiation.
Carbon emissions of power transmission and transformation projects in the whole life cycle for smart sustainable energy systems
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Hu Long , Huang Xiaojia , Tan Jieren , Ye Kaihui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe study investigates the optimization of life cycle carbon emissions in smart sustainable energy systems through power transformation and transmission project power load predictions. Firstly, a multi-task learning-based short-term user load forecasting technique is developed, where the power load curves of multiple residential customers are grouped and classified using the K-means clustering method. Additionally, the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) technique is introduced to anticipate the power load intelligently. Secondly, a life cycle carbon emission assessment model for the power transmission and transformation project (PTTP) is constructed based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, which divides the project's life cycle into four stages: production, installation and construction, operation and maintenance, and demolition. Finally, an experimental evaluation of this model is conducted. The results demonstrate that compared with the baseline model Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), this model achieves a significantly lower average Mean Absolute Error (MAE) at 3.62% while achieving significantly higher accuracy in power load forecasting at 94.34%. A comprehensive examination of carbon emissions across all four phases reveals that overall carbon emissions are highest during the operation and maintenance stage followed by the equipment production stage and installation/construction stage, with the lowest overall carbon emissions observed. Hence, this study endeavors to forecast power load demand with precision and identify the principal determinants of carbon emissions in power engineering. By discerning and managing these key factors, an optimal, energy-efficient intelligent power load scheme can be derived.
Mouth breathing reduces oral function in adolescence
Authors: Masutomi Yukako , Goto Takaharu , Ichikawa Tetsuo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough humans breathe naturally through the nostrils, mouth breathing in children has recently gathered attention. In this study, we hypothesized that tongue function and its related maxillofacial morphology would affect breathing in adolescence. To verify this hypothesis, we examined the association between breathing patterns, including mouth and nasal breathing; oral functions, including tongue motor function; and craniofacial morphology during adolescence, which has not been investigated till date. C3-H, which indicates the anteroposterior position of the hyoid bone in relation to the third cervical vertebra, was significantly smaller in mouth-breathers than in nasal-breathers. Lip-closing force, tongue pressure, and masticatory efficiency were lower in the order of nasal-breathers, oronasal-breathers, and mouth-breathers, and the values for mouth-breathers were significantly lower than those for nasal-breathers. Tongue pressure alone was identified as a significant independent variable, with an odds ratio of 1.063 (95% confidence interval, 1.006–1.123; p < 0.05). Our results indicate a relationship between mouth breathing and the lip-closing force, tongue pressure, and masticatory efficiency, as well as the significance of tongue pressure on mouth breathing in adolescents. The findings highlight the importance of clarifying the pathophysiology of mouth breathing and its underlying causes.
Silver nanoparticle functionalized by glutamine and conjugated with thiosemicarbazide induces apoptosis in colon cancer cell line
Authors: Taati Hadi , Sangani Helia , Davoudi Arash , Safabakhsh Kouchesfahani Samira , Hedayati Mohammad , Tarashandeh Hemmati Sana , Ghasemipour Taraneh , Aghajani Shahrzad , Farah Andooz Mahan , Amanollahi Maryam , Kalavari Fakhrieh , Salehzadeh Ali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe high mortality rate of colon cancer indicates the insufficient efficacy of current chemotherapy. Thus, the discussion on engineered metal nanoparticles in the treatment of the disease has been considered. In this study, silver nanoparticles were functionalized with glutamine and conjugated with thiosemiccarbazide. Then, anticancer mechanism of Ag@Gln-TSC NPs in a colon cancer cell line (SW480) was investigated. Characterizing Ag@Gln-TSC NPs by FT-IR, XRD, EDS-mapping, DLS, zeta potential, and SEM and TEM microscopy revealed that the Ag@Gln-TSC NPs were correctly synthesized, the particles were spherical, with surface charge of − 27.3 mV, high thermal stability and low agglomeration level. Using MTT assay we found that Ag@Gln-TSC NPs were significantly more toxic for colon cancer cells than normal fibroblast cells with IC50 of 88 and 186 µg/mL, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis showed that treating colon cancer cells with Ag@Gln-TSC NPs leads to a considerable increase in the frequency of apoptotic cells (85.9% of the cells) and increased cell cycle arrest at the S phase. Also, several apoptotic features, including hyperactivity of caspase-3 (5.15 folds), increased expression of CASP8 gene (3.8 folds), and apoptotic nuclear alterations were noticed in the nanoparticle treated cells. Furthermore, treating colon cancer cells with Ag@Gln-TSC NPs caused significant down-regulation of the HULC Lnc-RNA and PPFIA4 oncogene by 0.3 and 0.6 folds, respectively. Overall, this work showed that Ag@Gln-TSC NPs can effectively inhibit colon cancer cells through the activation of apoptotic pathways, a feature that can be considered more in studies in the field of colon cancer treatment.
Potentially compromised systemic and local lactate metabolic balance in glaucoma, which could increase retinal glucose and glutamate concentrations
Authors: Arai-Okuda Mina , Murai Yusuke , Maeda Hidetaka , Kanamori Akiyasu , Miki Takako , Naito Tomoko , Sugihara Kazunobu , Kono Michihiro , Tanito Masaki , Onoe Hiromitsu , Hirooka Kazuyuki , Kiuchi Yoshiaki , Shinohara Masakazu , Kusuhara Sentaro , Mori Sotaro , Ueda Kaori , Sakamoto Mari , Yamada-Nakanishi Yuko , Nakamura Makoto 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo investigate the association between lactate metabolism and glaucoma, we conducted a multi-institutional cross-sectional clinical study and a retinal metabolomic analysis of mice with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) induced by intracameral microbead injection. We compared lactate concentrations in serum and aqueous humor in age-matched 64 patients each with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and cataract. Neither serum nor aqueous humor lactate concentrations differed between the two groups. Multiple regression analysis revealed that only body mass index showed a significant positive correlation with serum and aqueous humor lactate concentration in POAG patients (rs = 0.376, P = 0.002, and rs = 0.333, P = 0.007, respectively), but not in cataract patients. l-Lactic acid was one of the most abundantly detected metabolites in mouse retinas with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, but there were no significant differences among control, 2-week, and 4-week IOP elevation groups. After 4 weeks of elevated IOP, d-glucose and l-glutamic acid ranked as the top two for a change in raised concentration, roughly sevenfold and threefold, respectively (ANOVA, P = 0.004; Tukey–Kramer, P < 0.05). Glaucoma may disrupt the systemic and intraocular lactate metabolic homeostasis, with a compensatory rise in glucose and glutamate in the retina.
Loss of noggin1, a classic embryonic inducer gene, in elasmobranchs
Authors: Ermakova Galina V. , Meyntser Irina V. , Zaraisky Andrey G. , Bayramov Andrey V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSecreted proteins of the Noggin family serve as pivotal regulators of early development and cell differentiation in all multicellular animals, including vertebrates. Noggin1 was identified first among all Noggins. Moreover, it was described as the first known embryonic inducer specifically secreted by the Spemann organizer and capable of inducing a secondary body axis when expressed ectopically. In the classical default model of neural induction, Noggin1 is presented as an antagonist of BMP signalling, playing a role as a neural inducer. Additionally, Noggin1 is involved in the dorsalization of embryonic mesoderm and later controls the differentiation of various tissues, including muscles, bones, and neural crest derivatives. Hitherto, noggin1 was found in all studied vertebrates. Here, we report the loss of noggin1 in elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates), which is a unique case among vertebrates. noggin2 and noggin4 retained in this group and studied in the embryos of the grey bamboo shark Chiloscyllium griseum revealed similarities in expression patterns and functional properties with their orthologues described in other vertebrates. The loss of noggin1 in elasmobranchs may be associated with histological features of the formation of their unique internal cartilaginous skeleton, although additional research is required to establish functional connections between these events.
Efficient digital design of the nonlinear behavior of Hindmarsh–Rose neuron model in large-scale neural population
Authors: Nazari Soheila , Jamshidi Shabnam 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSpiking networks, as the third generation of neural networks, are of great interest today due to their low power consumption in cognitive processes. This important characteristic has caused the hardware implementation techniques of spiking networks in the form of neuromorphic systems attract a lot of attention. For the first time, the focus is on the digital implementation based on CORDIC approximation of the Hindmarsh–Rose (HR) neuron so that the hardware implementation cost is lower than previous studies. If the digital design of a neuron is done efficient, the possibility of implementing a population of neurons is provided for the feasibility of low-consumption implementation of high-level cognitive processes in hardware, which is considered in this paper through edge detector, noise removal and image magnification spiking networks based on the proposed CORDIC_HR model. While using less hardware resources, the proposed HR neuron model follows the behavior of the original neuron model in the time domain with much less error than previous study. Also, the complex nonlinear behavior of the original and the proposed model of HR neuron through the bifurcation diagram, phase space and nullcline space analysis under different system parameters was investigated and the good follow-up of the proposed model was confirmed from the original model. In addition to the fact that the individual behavior of the original and the proposed neurons is the same, the functional and behavioral performance of the randomly connected neuronal population of original and proposed neuron model is equal. In general, the main contribution of the paper is in presenting an efficient hardware model, which consumes less hardware resources, follows the behavior of the original model with high accuracy, and has an acceptable performance in image processing applications such as noise removal and edge detection.
Three‐dimensional omni‐directional power pattern using rotating electric current sphere via exact maxwell solution
Authors: Garren David Alan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe author reveals that the power pattern for a particular selected rotating spherical electric current density profile exhibits the following two properties simultaneously: (a) fully omnidirectional in three dimensions (3‐D) and (b) invariant with regards to radio frequency (RF). Specifically, most known antenna designs exhibit either nodal lines or planes for at least some RF frequencies. In contrast, the primary innovation of the subject rotating electric current sphere is that it generates a power pattern that is characterised by no nodal lines nor nodal planes for any RF frequency. In the present analysis, the electro‐magnetic (EM) fields are calculated as an exact solution of Maxwell's equations for the subject electric current density that rotates azimuthally on a spherical surface. As expected, the spatial structure of the resulting EM fields also rotates azimuthally. More surprisingly, this rotating electric current density generates pure magnetic dipole radiation exactly, with the absence of any higher order multipole moments. This proposed antenna concept could offer utility in various applications, including communications beaconing and radar surveillance.
Role of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in an AML-M5a Subtype Patient with Rare Constellation of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis & Bilateral Multiple Breast Chloromas
Authors: Shrinivas Yuvan , Palaniswamy Shanmuga Sundaram , Subramanyam Padma 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe report a treated case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M5a subtype) with monocytic differentiation (AMoL) presenting with fever and body pains. Initial 18F-FDG-PET/CT (18F-flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography) identified multiple lymph nodal, and marrow lesions. Biopsy confirmed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Post HLH treatment, follow-up PET/CT demonstrated unsuspected FDG avid bilateral breast lesions (n = 5), which proved to be chloromas, that is, extranodal manifestation of AML. 18F-FDG-PET/CT has helped not only in identifying the various sites of disease involvement but also in guiding the sites for biopsy. Finally, 18F-FDG-PET/CT was useful in monitoring therapy response for both these coexisting pathologies, which are said to be resistant to treatment based on FLT3-ITD tyrosine kinase-3 internal tandem duplication mutation positivity and high-grade AML status. This case represents a rare constellation of different etiologies that needed to be differentiated. It also emphasizes the challenges in interpreting PET/CT findings, especially in difficult clinical scenarios. Disease distribution in HLH/presence of chloromas, etc., can mimic stage IV lymphoma in a known case of AML. So the nuclear medicine physician should be aware of the different complications in the background of AML, especially in patients with poor prognostic factors.
Ultra-highly efficient SOT-writing in MTJs with strain-induced magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Yoda Hiroaki , Ohsawa Yuichi , Kishi Tatsuya , Yamazaki Yuichi , Yoda Tomomi , Yoda Taisuke 
Published: February 2024

In order to break through limits of conventional MRAMs, MTJs with strain-induced magnetic anisotropy were intensively tested as SOT-MRAM cells. Small critical switching-current of 10–25 μA and switching-voltage of about 0.055 V, and almost no retention energy dependence of them were predicted and confirmed by experiments. Finally, high write efficiency of 1750 kBT/V (4.1 kBT/μA) and high write-power efficiency of 100 [kBT/(μA·V)] were obtained.
Controlling magnon-photon coupling in a planar geometry
Authors: Wagle Dinesh , Rai Anish , Kaffash Mojtaba T , Jungfleisch M Benjamin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The tunability of magnons enables their interaction with various other quantum excitations, including photons, paving the route for novel hybrid quantum systems. Here, we study magnon-photon coupling using a high-quality factor split-ring resonator and single-crystal yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere at room temperature. We investigate the dependence of the coupling strength on the size of the sphere and find that the coupling is stronger for spheres with a larger diameter as predicted by theory. Furthermore, we demonstrate strong magnon-photon coupling by varying the position of the YIG sphere within the resonator. Our experimental results reveal the expected correlation between the coupling strength and the rf magnetic field. These findings demonstrate the control of coherent magnon-photon coupling through the theoretically predicted square-root dependence on the spin density in the ferromagnetic medium and the magnetic dipolar interaction in a planar resonator.
A Multiplicative Tate Spectral Sequence for Compact Lie Group Actions
Authors: Hedenlund Alice , Rognes John 
Published: February 2024

Given a compact Lie group

G
G

and a commutative orthogonal ring spectrum

R
R

such that

R
[
G

]
∗

=

π
∗

(
R
∧

G
+

)

R[G]_* = \pi _*(R \wedge G_+)

is finitely generated and projective over

π
∗

(
R
)

\pi _*(R)

, we construct a multiplicative

G
G

-Tate spectral sequence for each

R
R

-module

X
X

in orthogonal

G
G

-spectra, with

E
2

E^2

-page given by the Hopf algebra Tate cohomology of

R
[
G

]
∗

R[G]_*

with coefficients in

π
∗

(
X
)

\pi _*(X)

. Under mild hypotheses, such as

X
X

being bounded below and the derived page

R

E
∞

RE^\infty

vanishing, this spectral sequence converges strongly to the homotopy

π
∗

(

X

t
G

)

\pi _*(X^{tG})

of the

G
G

-Tate construction

X

t
G

=
[

E
G

~

∧
F
(
E

G
+

,
X
)

]
G

X^{tG} = [\widetilde {EG}\wedge F(EG_+, X)]^G

.
Institutional Variability in Anesthesia Time for Mehta Casting in Early-Onset Scoliosis (EOS)
Authors: Bonsignore-Opp Lisa , Malka Matan S. , Ball Jacob , Simhon Matthew E. , Matsumoto Hiroko , Sturm Peter , Pahys Joshua M. , Vitale Michael G. , Larson A. Noelle , Roye Benjamin D. ,   On behalf of Pediatric Spine Study Group
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
Mehta casting is a potentially curative intervention for early-onset scoliosis (EOS) that typically requires multiple anesthetics. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reported that >3 hours of anesthesia under the age of 3 years old may alter brain development; however, no standard exists for the duration of anesthesia during casting. The purpose of this study is to quantify the variability in anesthesia during Mehta casting. We hypothesize that significant institutional variability exists and may be attributed to modifiable factors.

Methods:
An EOS registry was used to identify patients who underwent at least one Mehta casting procedure. Anesthesia exposure was quantified, and site variability was assessed by patient characteristics, cast placement, procedure type, and equipment used.

Results:
Our cohort consisted of 208 patients from 5 institutions (age 2.6±1.4 y). There were 1097 Mehta casting procedures, with 5.4±3.6 castings per patient. Of these patients, 106 (51%) were female, with an average age of 2.11±1.29 years old at the time casting was initiated. Patient etiologies included 154 idiopathic (74.0%), 22 syndromic (10.6%), 18 congenital (8.7%), 11 neuromuscular (5.3%), and 3 unknown (1.4%). Anesthesia time was 69±31 minutes and varied significantly between sites (59±14 to 117±46 min; P<0.001). Cumulative anesthesia time for patients under 3 years was 320±197 minutes with 120/161 (74.5%) patients exceeding 3 hours. Anesthesia time was lower after the FDA warning in 2016 compared with pre-2016 (71±30 vs. 66±32, P=0.008).

Conclusions:
Patients undergoing Mehta casting are at significant risk of exceeding 3 hours of anesthesia, which the FDA has stated may be harmful for children <3 years. Significant site variability indicates that standardization protocols should be developed to encourage best practices and minimize anesthetic times.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II.
Gorlin-Like Phenotype in a Young Girl With a De Novo PTCH2 Variant Mutation of Uncertain Significance
Authors: Garcia-Garcia Mar , García-González Sergio , Cabañuz Clara , Prieto-Torres Lucía 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Gorlin syndrome, also known as basal cell nevus syndrome, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that predisposes humans to tumors. In most cases, this syndrome results from inactivating mutations in the patched homologue 1 gene. Basal cell carcinomas are one of the main characteristics of this syndrome and serve as a major diagnostic criterion. Gorlin syndrome shows a variable phenotype, and recently, other less common mutations in the suppressor of fused homologue or patched homologue 2 genes have been documented in individuals with this syndrome. We present the case of a patient with early-onset basal cell carcinomas and a mild Gorlin syndrome phenotype, attributed to a de novo patched homologue 2 variant of uncertain significance, which has not been previously reported in the literature.
Hospital volume-mortality association after esophagectomy for cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Di Jie , Lu Xiao-Shi , Sun Min , Zhao Zhe-Ming , Zhang Chun-Dong 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Postoperative mortality plays an important role in evaluating the surgical safety of esophagectomy. Although postoperative mortality after esophagectomy is partly influenced by the yearly hospital surgical case volume (hospital volume), this association remains unclear.

Methods:
Studies assessing the association between hospital volume and postoperative mortality in patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer were searched for eligibility. Odds ratios (ORs) were pooled for the highest versus lowest categories of hospital volume using a random effects model. The dose-response association between hospital volume and the risk of postoperative mortality was analyzed. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO.

Results:
Fifty-six studies including 385,469 participants were included. A higher-volume hospital significantly reduced the risk of post-esophagectomy mortality by 53% compared with their lower-volume counterparts (odds ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.41–0.54). Similar results were found in subgroup analyses. Volume-outcome analysis suggested that post-esophagectomy mortality rates remained roughly stable after the hospital volume reached a plateau of 45 esophagectomies per year.

Conclusions:
Higher-volume hospitals had significantly lower post-esophagectomy mortality rates in patients with esophageal cancer, with a threshold of 45 esophagectomies per year for a high-volume hospital. This remarkable negative correlation showed the benefit of a better safety in centralization of esophagectomy to a high volume hospital.