bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bargaining with Search as an Outside Option: The Impact of the Buyer's Future Availability
Authors: Baucells Manel , Lippman Steven A. 
Published: December 2004

This paper seeks prescriptive advice for a seller whose outside option is to sell an asset via search, while facing a potential buyer whose outside option is to walk away. In the basic model, the buyer and seller efficiently split the gains from agreement, and the future availability of the buyer is irrelevant. We compare the buyer's threat of committing to never buy the asset versus the threat of delaying the agreement until the arrival of the next offer. Surprisingly, this restriction has no effect on the payoffs, even if the buyer's future availability is uncertain. In contrast, when informational frictions force the seller to use an actual offer rather than the expected return from search as an outside option, enormous changes in the dynamics and outcome ensue: Sale of the asset ceases to be instantaneous, and the seller might solicit several offers prior to sale. Both the payoffs and the probability that the sale is made to the buyer depend crucially on that buyer's future availability. Longer availability is beneficial to the seller and, contrary to intuition, need not be harmful to the buyer.
The Lagrangian Relaxation Method for Solving Integer Programming Problems
Authors: Fisher Marshall L. 
Published: December 2004

(This article originally appeared in Management Science, January 1981, Volume 27, Number 1, pp. 1–18, published by The Institute of Management Sciences.) One of the most computationally useful ideas of the 1970s is the observation that many hard integer programming problems can be viewed as easy problems complicated by a relatively small set of side constraints. Dualizing the side constraints produces a Lagrangian problem that is easy to solve and whose optimal value is a lower bound (for minimization problems) on the optimal value of the original problem. The Lagrangian problem can thus be used in place of a linear programming relaxation to provide bounds in a branch and bound algorithm. This approach has led to dramatically improved algorithms for a number of important problems in the areas of routing, location, scheduling, assignment and set covering. This paper is a review of Lagrangian relaxation based on what has been learned in the last decade.
A New Product Growth for Model Consumer Durables
Authors: Bass Frank M. 
Published: December 2004

(This article originally appeared in Management Science, January 1969, Volume 15, Number 5, pp. 215–227, published by The Institute of Management Sciences.) A growth model for the timing of initial purchase of new products is developed and tested empirically against data for eleven consumer durables. The basic assumption of the model is that the timing of a consumer's initial purchase is related to the number of previous buyers. A behavioral rationale for the model is offered in terms of innovative and imitative behavior. The model yields good predictions of the sales peak and the timing of the peak when applied to historical data. A long-range forecast is developed for the sales of color television sets.
Jobshop-Like Queueing Systems
Authors: Jackson James R. 
Published: December 2004

(This article originally appeared in Management Science, November 1963, Volume 10, Number 1, pp. 131–142, published by The Institute of Management Sciences.) The equilibrium joint probability distribution of queue lengths is obtained for a broad class of jobshop-like “networks of waiting lines,” where the mean arrival rate of customers depends almost arbitrarily upon the number already present, and the mean service rate at each service center depends almost arbitrarily upon the queue length there. This extension of the author's earlier work is motivated by the observation that real production systems are usually subject to influences which make for increased stability by tending, as the amount of work-in-process grows, to reduce the rate at which new work is injected or to increase the rate at which processing takes place.
A Suggested Computation for Maximal Multi-Commodity Network Flows
Authors: Ford L. R. , Fulkerson D. R. 
Published: December 2004

(This article originally appeared in Management Science, October 1958, Volume 5, Number 1, pp. 97–101, published by The Institute of Management Sciences.) A simplex computation for an arc-chain formulation of the maximal multi-commodity network flow problem is proposed. Since the number of variables in this formulation is too large to be dealt with explicitly, the computation treats non-basic variables implicitly by replacing the usual method of determining a vector to enter the basis with several applications of a combinatorial algorithm for finding a shortest chain joining a pair of points in a network.
Games with Incomplete Information Played by “Bayesian” Players, I–III: Part I. The Basic Model
Authors: Harsanyi John C. 
Published: December 2004

(This article originally appeared in Management Science, November 1967, Volume 14, Number 3, pp. 159–182, published by The Institute of Management Sciences.) The paper develops a new theory for the analysis of games with incomplete information where the players are uncertain about some important parameters of the game situation, such as the payoff functions, the strategies available to various players, the information other players have about the game, etc. However, each player has a subjective probability distribution over the alternative possibilities. In most of the paper it is assumed that these probability distributions entertained by the different players are mutually “consistent,” in the sense that they can be regarded as conditional probability distributions derived from a certain “basic probability distribution” over the parameters unknown to the various players. But later the theory is extended also to cases where the different players' subjective probability distributions fail to satisfy this consistency assumption. In cases where the consistency assumption holds, the original game can be replaced by a game where nature first conducts a lottery in accordance with the basic probability distribution, and the outcome of this lottery will decide which particular subgame will be played, i.e., what the actual values of the relevant parameters will be in the game. Yet, each player will receive only partial information about the outcome of the lottery, and about the values of these parameters. However, every player will know the “basic probability distribution” governing the lottery. Thus, technically, the resulting game will be a game with complete information. It is called the Bayes-equivalent of the original game. Part I of the paper describes the basic model and discusses various intuitive interpretations for the latter. Part II shows that the Nash equilibrium points of the Bayes-equivalent game yield “Bayesian equilibrium points” for the original game. Finally, Part III considers the main properties of the “basic probability distribution.”
Recognition of Spyridia griffithsiana comb. nov. (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta): a taxon previously misidentified as Spyridia filamentosa from Europe
Authors: Zuccarello Giuseppe C. , Prud'homme van Reine Willem F. , Stegenga Herre 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

Spyridia filamentosa is a commonly encountered species, especially in tropical and warm temperate locations. Molecular data, based on three genetic regions, plus morphological investigation of samples from the northeastern Atlantic reveal that samples identified as S. filamentosa from this area are distinct. Genetically these samples are more closely related to S. clavata than other S. filamentosa samples. Morphologically, the northeastern Atlantic Ocean samples are distinguishable by two (or occasionally one) small axial cells that lack cortication near the base of the determinate branches. Investigation of type material reveals that these samples should be recognized as Spyridia griffithsiana (J.E. Smith) Zuccarello, Prud'homme van Reine et Stegenga comb. nov. and that specimens of this new combination are found throughout the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and into the western Mediterranean Sea. Phylogeographic relationships within S. filamentosa show a complex distribution pattern. Samples from the same location can be in different evolutionary lineages (Cape Verde and Canary Islands). While some lineages seem to be confined to particular ocean basins, other lineages have a much wider distribution.
Power, Culture and Knowledge: Comparative Studies of Corporate Structures
Authors: Durrenberger E. Paul 
Published: December 2004

Corporate Futures: The Diffusion of the Culturally Sensitive Corporate Form. George E. Marcus. editor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.Envisioning Power: Ideologies of Dominance and Crisis. Eric R. Wolf. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1999.
Book Reviews
Authors: Sikkink Lynn , Levinger David , DeRoche Constance P. 
Published: December 2004

Women and Social Movements in Latin America. Lynn Stephen. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1997.Gender and Career in Science and Engineering. Julia Evetts. London: Taylor & Francis, 1996.In the Wake of the Giant: Multinational Restructuring and Uneven Development in. New England Community. Max M. Kirsch. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998.
Salvage Fisheries Ethnography
Authors: Griffith David 
Published: December 2004

The Bay Shrimpers of Texas: Rural Fishermen in. Global Economy. Robert Lee Maril. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995. $35.00 hardcover, $17.95 paperback.Gulf Coast Soundings: People and Policy in the Mississippi Shrimp Industry. E. Paul Durrenberger. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1996. $29.95 hardcover, $17.95 paperback
Reviews, Catalogues and New Publications
Authors: Reid Elizabeth B. , Ganteaume Cecile R. , Schevill Margot Blum 
Published: December 2004

Cameron. Anne 1981 Daughters of Copper Woman. Vancouver. Press Gang Press. 21. 14 cm. 150 pp. $7.95 603 Powell Street. Vancouver. BC V6A 1H2. Canada.Ferg. Alan. editor 1987 Western Apache Material Culture: The Goodwin and Guenther Collections. Arizona: The University of Arizona Press. ISBN 0‐8165‐1028‐8. 205 pp., 32 color plates, 170 black‐and‐white photographs,. maps,. line drawings, references and suggested readings. $19.95 paperback.Dale Rosengarten 1986 Row Upon Row: Sea Grass Baskets of the South Carolina Lowcountry. South Carolina: The McKissick Museum, University of South Carolina. ISBN 0‐938983‐02‐4 64 pp. 107 blackand‐white photographs,. map, notes, list of basketmakers interviewed, catalog of exhibition, bibliography. $10.00, plus $1.50 postage and handling.Morris. Walter F. Jr. 1987 Living Maya. New York. Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers. 28.5. 23 cm., 224 pp., 125 color plates, approximately 60 line drawings,. maps. Selected Bibliography, Credit Illustrations, wrap‐around color cover. ISBN 0‐8109‐1298‐8. $40. Cloth cover.Lester. Joan A. 1987 We're Still Here. Boston. The Children's Museum. 26. 26 cm., 86 pp., 96 black‐and‐white photographs. References, Objects in the Collection, photo credits. ISBN 0‐940203‐00‐6. No price. Soft cover. Children's Museum, Museum Wharf, 300 Congress St., Boston, MA 02210.
Digital identity matters
Authors: Allison Arthur , Currall James , Moss Michael , Stuart Susan 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDigital objects or entities present us with particular problems of an acute nature. The most acute of these are the issues surrounding what constitutes identity within the digital world and between digital entities. These are problems that are important in many contexts but, when dealing with digital texts, documents, and certification, an understanding of them becomes vital legally, philosophically, and historically. Legally, the central issues are those of authorship, authenticity, and ownership; philosophically, we must be concerned with the sorts of logical relations that hold between objects and in determining the ontological nature of the object; and historically, our concern centers around our interest in chronology and the recording of progress, adaptation, change, and provenance. Our purpose is to emphasize why questions of digital identity matter and how we might address and respond to some of them. We will begin by examining the lines along which we draw a distinction between the digital and the physical context and how, by importing notions of transitivity and symmetry from the domain of mathematical logic, we might attempt to provide at least interim resolutions of these questions.
Highly Photoluminescent Polyoxometaloeuropate‐Surfactant Complexes by Ionic Self‐Assembly
Authors: Zhang Tierui , Spitz Christian , Antonietti Markus , Faul Charl F. J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFacile organization of the inorganic sandwiched heteropolytungstomolybdate K13[Eu(SiW9Mo2O39)2] (E) into highly ordered supramolecular nanostructured materials by complexation with a series of cationic surfactants is achieved by the ionic self‐assembly (ISA) route. The structure and phase behavior of the complexes were examined by IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, and small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering. This class of materials shows a number of interesting physicochemical properties, namely liquid‐crystalline phases (both thermotropic and lyotropic) and strong photoluminescence. The photophysical behavior (fluorescence spectra, fluorescence lifetimes, fluorescence quantum yield) of the complexes differs widely in solid powders, films, and solutions. The amphiphilic cationic surfactants not only play a structural role but also have a strong influence on the photophysical properties of E. The photophysical behavior of E can in this way be easily modified by its organizational motifs.
Templated Ceramic Microstructures by Using the Breath‐Figure Method
Authors: Englert Brian C. , Scholz Stefan , Leech Peter J. , Srinivasarao Mohan , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe describe the synthesis of two cyclobutadiene(cyclopentadienyl)cobalt‐containing poly(p‐phenylene ethynylene)s (PPEs) and their use as precursors for stable ceramic surface coatings. Organometallic PPEs were shaped into hexagonally ordered assemblies by using the breath‐figure method. Such breath figures can be washed away with an appropriate solvent. Upon pyrolysis at 500 °C under either nitrogen or air, the bubble arrays persist as ceramics and are insoluble in organic solvents or water. The formed pyrolyzed bubble arrays were analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopy, as well as energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDX). The composition of the ceramic materials is discussed based on EDX and IR data.
Paclitaxel, carboplatin, and gemcitabine in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Leong Swan‐Swan , Wee Joseph , Tay Miah Hiang , Toh Chee Keong , Tan Say Beng , Thng Choon Hua , Foo Kian Fong , Lim Wan Teck , Tan Terence , Tan Eng Huat 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are treated primarily with radiotherapy. In the disseminated state, platinum‐based, 2‐drug combination regimens yielded response rates of 55–75%, achieving a median survival of 10–12 months. With the proven efficacy of second‐generation cytotoxics like paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with metastatic NPC, the authors hypothesized that a triplet combination incorporating these newer cytotoxics may improve treatment results.METHODSThirty‐two patients with metastatic NPC were treated with combination chemotherapy that included paclitaxel 70 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 8, carboplatin dosed to area under curve of 5 on Day 1, and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 8 every 21 days for a maximum of 8 cycles.RESULTSTwo patients achieved a complete response, and 23 patients achieved a partial response, for an overall response rate of 78%. The main toxicities were hematologic, with 41% of patients experiencing Grade 3 or 4 anemia, 41% of patients experiencing Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia, and 78% of patients experiencing Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia. The median time to disease progression was 8.1 months, and the median overall survival was 18.6 months.CONCLUSIONSThe combination of paclitaxel, carboplatin, and gemcitabine showed promising efficacy against metastatic NPC but at the expense of considerable toxicity. Cancer 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Bronchopulmonary carcinoid in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Authors: Sachithanandan Nirupa , Harle Robin A. , Burgess John R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDMultiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) is an autosomal‐dominant syndrome associated with neoplasia of pituitary, pancreas, parathyroid, and foregut lineage neuroendocrine tissue. Although enteropancreatic carcinoid has been well described in patients with MEN 1, it was believed that bronchopulmonary carcinoid was relatively uncommon, occurring in approximately 5% of patients. It is unclear whether the increased screening of asymptomatic patients with MEN 1 will facilitate early diagnosis of this tumor and improve patient prognosis.METHODSThe authors reviewed the patient records and, when available, thoracic computed tomographic (CT) images of 129 MEN 1‐affected adult members of a single family to determine the prevalence and prognosis of bronchopulmonary nodules and carcinoid.RESULTSAmong 129 patients, a diagnosis of bronchopulmonary carcinoid was noted in the records for 6 individuals (1 male and 5 females; 5%). Thoracic CT scans also were available for review from 32 of those patients. Twelve patients (38%) had pulmonary nodules evident on CT scans. Only hypergastrinemia was significantly more common in patients with pulmonary nodules; otherwise, the spectrum of neoplasia was similar between individuals with and without pulmonary lesions. Histologic diagnoses were available in four patients (three female) with abnormal CT images, and carcinoid was confirmed in each patient. No deaths or distant metastases occurred among the patients despite long‐term follow‐up (mean, 127 months).CONCLUSIONSThe findings suggested that bronchopulmonary carcinoid is more prevalent in patients with MEN 1 than was recognized previously. Furthermore, the diagnosis did not appear to portend a poor prognosis in the majority of affected patients. Cancer 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Complex genetic evolution of artificial self‐replicators in cellular automata
Authors: Salzberg Chris , Sayama Hiroki 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIt is widely believed that evolutionary dynamics of artificial self‐replicators realized in cellular automata (CA) are limited in diversity and adaptation. Contrary to this view, we show that complex genetic evolution may occur within simple CA. The evolving self‐replicating loops (“evoloops”) we investigate exhibit significant diversity in macro‐scale morphologies and mutational biases, undergoing nontrivial genetic adaptation by maximizing colony density and enhancing sustainability against other species. Nonmutable subsequences enable genetic operations that alter fitness differentials and promote long‐term evolutionary exploration. These results demonstrate a unique example of genetic evolution hierarchically emerging from local interactions between elements much smaller than individual replicators. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 10: 33–39, 2004
Xenopus tropicalis peroxidasin gene is expressed within the developing neural tube and pronephric kidney
Authors: Tindall Andrew J. , Pownall Mary Elizabeth , Morris Ian D. , Isaacs Harry V. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPeroxidasin, originally identified in Drosophila, is a member of the myeloperoxidase family with a novel domain structure. It is proposed that peroxidasin is secreted and has functions associated with stabilization of the extracellular matrix. We report the identification of the Xenopus tropicalis orthologue of the peroxidasin gene. We show that the predicted protein sequence of Xenopus peroxidasin shows high sequence identity with the human orthologue and that the exon structure is highly conserved between the two species. We describe the first detailed developmental expression pattern for peroxidasin in a vertebrate species. Maternal expression of Xtpxn is localized to the animal hemisphere where it persists through early cleavage stages. Initial zygotic Xtpxn expression is detected in the developing neural tube and becomes localized to the hindbrain and midbrain. Xtpxn is expressed in the primordium of the pronephric kidney and expression persists in the pronephric tubules and duct throughout development. Potential roles for peroxidasin during early vertebrate development are discussed. Developmental Dynamics 232:377–384, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of the Celsr/flamingo homologue, c‐fmi1, in the early avian embryo indicates a conserved role in neural tube closure and additional roles in asymmetry and somitogenesis
Authors: Formstone Caroline J. , Mason Ivor 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFlamingo is one of a core group of proteins that regulate planar cell polarity of epithelial structures within the Drosophila embryo while their vertebrate counterparts have been implicated in the coordination of convergent extension movements during gastrulation and in neural tube closure, suggesting that planar polarity mechanisms also function in these processes. Failure of neural tube closure is one of the most common human birth defects, and a murine flamingo (fmi) homologue, Celsr1/fmi‐1, was identified as the defective gene in two mouse mutants exhibiting failure of closure 1 of the neural tube. This failure resulted in craniorachischisis in which the neural tube is open from the midbrain posteriorly. The avian embryo provides a tractable system to study neural tube closure. We have identified a chick Celsr1/fmi‐1 orthologue, c‐fmi1 and provide the first study of expression of an avian flamingo gene. We show that expression is highly dynamic in the early embryo and that c‐fmi1 transcripts become enriched within the avian neural epithelium at the initiation of neural tube closure, suggesting a conserved function for Flamingo proteins in this process. Our data also suggest a role for c‐fmi1 in myotome development. Developmental Dynamics 232:408–413, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.