bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing mammal population densities in response to urbanization using camera trap distance sampling
Authors: Li Zhilin , Shi Xiaoyi , Lu Jiayu , Fu Xiaohang , Fu Yu , Cui Yating , Chen Lu , Duo Li'an , Wang Le , Wang Tianming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEnvironmental filtering is deemed to play a predominant role in regulating the abundance and distribution of animals during the urbanization process. However, the current knowledge about the effects of urbanization on the population densities of terrestrial mammals is limited. In this study, we compared two invasive mammals (dogsCanis lupus familiarisand catsFelis silvestris) and three indigenous mammals (Siberian weaselsMustela sibirica, Amur hedgehogsErinaceus amurensis, and Tolai haresLepus tolai) in response to urbanization using camera trap distance sampling (CTDS) in the rural–urban landscape of Tianjin, China. We used generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) to test the specific responses of their densities to levels of urbanization. Invasive dogs (2.63 individuals/km2, 95% CI: 0.91–7.62) exhibited similar density estimations to cats (2.15 individuals/km2, 95% CI: 1.31–3.50). Amur hedgehogs were the most abundant species (6.73 individuals/km2, 95% CI: 3.15–14.38), followed by Tolai hares (2.22 individuals/km2, 95% CI: 0.87–5.68) and Siberian weasels (2.15 individuals/km2, 95% CI: 1.06–4.36). The densities of cats, Siberian weasels, and Amur hedgehogs increased with the level of urbanization. The population densities of dogs and cats were only influenced by urban‐related variables, while the densities of Siberian weasels and Amur hedgehogs were influenced by both urban‐related variables and nature‐related variables. Our findings highlight that the CTDS is a suitable and promising method for wildlife surveys in rural–urban landscapes, and urban wildlife management needs to consider the integrated repercussions of urban‐ and nature‐related factors, especially the critical impacts of green space habitats at finer scales.
Processing of food stimuli in anorexia nervosa: An ERP‐study comparing adolescents and adults
Authors: Stonawski Valeska , Mai‐Lippold Sandra A. , Graap Holmer , Moll Gunther H. , Kratz Oliver , Van Doren Jessica , Horndasch Stefanie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with altered processing of disorder‐relevant stimuli. Event‐related potentials (ERP) – such as the Late Positive Potential (LPP) – give information about the underlying mechanisms of central nervous stimulus processing.MethodsPatients with AN (22 adolescents, 23 adults) and healthy controls (HCs; 17 adolescents, 24 adults) were included. Neutral, low, and high calorie food‐images were rated for valence and arousal; EEG activity was recorded and LPPs (early: 350–700 ms; late: 800–1200 ms) were extracted. Effects of patient status, age group, and stimulus category were analyzed via mixed 2 × 2 × 3‐AN(C)OVAs.ResultsPatients with AN rated high calorie stimuli lower in valence and higher in arousal than HCs. Controlling for hunger, food stimuli elicited higher early LPPs than neutral ones in patients and HCs. For the late LPP, patients with AN showed larger amplitudes.ConclusionResults suggest a highly automatic attentional bias towards low‐calorie foods. Patients with AN seem to have more intense cognitive processing independent of stimulus material. More research is needed to validate and clarify differences between early and late LPP measures as well as the operationalization and relevance of hunger status.
A multilevel multiobjective coordination matching design technique for the main bearing assembly structure of a diesel engine
Authors: Zhao Xin , Shi Jianhua , Wu Ligang , Ma Fukang , Zhang Zhandong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe main bearing assembly structure is one of the most important main load‐bearing structures of a diesel engine. The working loads of this structure increases dramatically with the increase of the power density of diesel engines, resulting in the problem of unsatisfactory reliability coordination design in restricted design space, while the mechanisms for coordinated design are still at the blank stage. Aiming at the problem, a multilevel multiobjective coordination matching design technique is innovatively proposed in this paper. This technique is characterized by a multilevel multiobjective coordination evaluation system for the assembly structure and its components based on the improved analytic hierarchy process. The finite element model and mathematical model of the main bearing assembly structure are established to realize the joint of finite element technology and optimization technology for coordination matching design. By carrying out verification experiments, the strength coordination, deformation coordination and contact strength coordination of the assembly structure increase by 13.91%, 14.96%, and 2.63%, respectively, after matching design, while the mass coordination remains almost constant meeting the lightweight design requirements. The overall coordination of the main bearing assembly structure is improved by 11.10%, achieving the goal of matching design of the main bearing assembly structure. The results show that the coordination evaluation system can quantitatively characterize the coordination relationship of the assembly structure and the multi‐reliability of components, and it is a feasible coordination evaluation method. The demonstrated coordination evaluation system and coordination matching design modeling approach provide important theoretical guidance for the matching design of complex assembly structures.
AOP Report: Glutathione Conjugation Leading to Reproductive Dysfunction via Oxidative Stress
Authors: Vieira Leonardo R. , Souza Terezinha , Farias Davi F. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We propose an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for reproductive dysfunction via oxidative stress (OS). The AOP was developed based on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guidance Document 184 and on the specific considerations of the OECD users' handbook supplement to the guidance document for developing and assessing AOPs (no. 233). According to the qualitative and quantitative experimental data evaluation, glutathione (GSH) conjugation is the first upstream key event (KE) of this AOP to reproductive dysfunction triggering OS. This event causes depletion of GSH basal levels (KE2). Consequently, this drop of free GSH induces an increase of reactive oxygen species (KE3) generated by the natural cellular metabolic processes (cellular respiration) of the organism. Increased levels of these reactive species, in turn, induce an increase of lipid peroxidation (KE4). This KE consequently leads to a rise in the amount of toxic substances, such as malondialdehyde and hydroxynonenal, which are associated with decreased quality and competence of gamete cell division, consequently impairing fertility (KE5 and adverse outcome). The overall assessment of the general biological plausibility, the empirical support, and the essentiality of KE relationships was considered as high for this AOP. We conclude that GSH conjugation is able to lead to reproductive disorder in fishes and mammals, via OS, but that the amount of stressor needed to trigger the AOP differs between stressors. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2519–2528. © 2023 SETAC
Establishing Chronic Toxicity Effect Levels for Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposed to Perfluorooctane Sulfonate
Authors: Pandelides Zacharias , Arblaster Jennifer , Conder Jason 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are among the aquatic species most sensitive to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Environmental regulatory agencies and researchers use effect benchmarks from laboratory zebrafish PFOS toxicity studies in PFOS-spiked water to calculate PFOS aquatic life criteria. Threshold values as low as 0.7 µg/L (identified in an early, limited scope study) have been used in criteria derivation and site-specific aquatic ecological risk assessments. The present study reviews PFOS effects benchmarks for lethality, growth, and reproduction endpoints from more than 20 zebrafish toxicity studies, including a recent multigenerational study conducted by the United States Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research & Development Center. Our review of 12 key studies examining long-term, chronic exposures (including multigenerational exposures of 300 days or more) indicated that 0.7 µg/L should not be used as a conservative screening threshold given that effects could not be repeated at this concentration by the recent enhanced multigenerational study. Based on this finding and multiple chronic sublethal studies on PFOS in zebrafish, chronic effects on lethality, growth, and reproduction occur at concentrations two orders of magnitude higher than 0.7 µg/L. Overall, the present review indicates a no-effect screening level of 31 µg/L and a low-effect screening level of 96 µg/L should be used to develop PFOS aquatic life criteria and to inform site-specific ecological risk assessments that are charged with evaluating risks to freshwater fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:7–18. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
A low‐fat synbiotic cream cheese containing herbal gums, Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus: Physicochemical, rheological, sensory, and microstructural characterization during storage
Authors: Shahraki Reza , Elhamirad Amir Hossein , Hesari Javad , Noghabi Mostafa Shahidi , Nia Ahmad Pedram 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to use natural herbal gums, as fat replacers, for preparing a low‐fat synbiotic cream cheese; for this purpose, the effects of Lepidium perfoliatum seed gum (LPSG) (1% w/w) and flaxseed gum (FG) (1% w/w) on physicochemical, rheological, organoleptic, and microstructural properties of low‐fat cream cheese containing B. adolescentis and L. rhamnosus were analyzed over a 45‐day storage period. The results indicated that adding LPSG and FG had no significant effects on acidity and pH (p > .05). The results also showed that full‐fat (FF) cheese samples had the highest textural (hardness (1.099–0.88), cohesiveness (0.72–0.67), springiness (1.95–1.64), adhesiveness (1.01–0.69), and spreadability (1.53–1.17)), viscosity and sensory scores (color (4.22–4.18), odor (4.13–4.09), taste (4.19–3.89), texture (4.08–3.81), and overall acceptability (4.01–3.72)) during 45‐day storage. Based on the probiotic count test, only the treated samples with LPSG + FG had a probiotic count in the standard range (6.23 cfu/g) at the end of the storage time. The outcomes of the present study indicated that the incorporation of LPSG and FG into the formulation of low‐fat synbiotic cream cheese could be an effective strategy to overcome the problems associated with fat reduction.
Microencapsulated polyphenol extracts from Georgia‐grown pomegranate peels delay lipid oxidation in salad dressing during accelerated and ambient storage conditions
Authors: Yang Boran , Chen Jinru , Mis Solval Kevin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLipid oxidation is a major cause of quality deterioration in salad dressings. This study evaluated the effect of incorporating microencapsulated polyphenol extracts via spray drying from pomegranate peels (MPP) to delay lipid oxidation in Italian‐style salad dressings (ISD) during accelerated (55°C) and ambient (25°C) storage conditions. ISDs, prepared at high (5000 rpm) and low (250 rpm) shear rates conditions, were formulated with unencapsulated polyphenol extracts from pomegranate peels (PPP), MPP, and/or grape seed extract (GSE). Lipid oxidation in ISDs was evaluated by measuring peroxide value (PV), iodine value (IV), and TBARS, stored in accelerated and ambient conditions for 21 days and 8 weeks, respectively. Tannis in extracts were measured via HPLC‐DAD and the total hydrolyzable tannin content of PPP and MPP was 283.09 and 427.74 (mg/g extract), respectively. Condensed tannins were not detected in PPP and MPP but were found in GSE (348.53 mg/g extract). Salad dressings prepared at high shear rates had significantly (p < .05) higher emulsion stability than those homogenized at low shear rates. Mixing conditions did not affect the lipid oxidative stability of IDSs. Salad dressing stored under accelerated storage had higher lipid oxidation (higher PV, lower IV, and higher TBARS) after 21 days than IDSs stored under ambient conditions for 8 weeks. ISDs prepared with MPPP showed significantly (p < .05) lower lipid oxidation than the other ISDs at the end of the shelf life studies. Results from the accelerated storage suggested that incorporating MPP could have extended the shelf life of IDSs by 20% compared to using unencapsulated polyphenol extracts. The study demonstrated that MPP delays lipid oxidation in ISDs during storage more effectively than unencapsulated extracts. MPP may serve as a natural and effective functional food ingredient for controlling lipid oxidation in high‐lipid and acidified foods.
Drought impacts on river water temperature: A process‐based understanding from temperate climates
Authors: White J. C. , Khamis K. , Dugdale S. , Jackson F. L. , Malcolm I. A. , Krause S. , Hannah D. M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHigh river water temperature (Tw) extremes have been widely reported during drought conditions as extreme low‐flows often coincide with high atmospheric energy inputs. This has significant implications for freshwater ecosystem health and sustainable river management practices globally. However, the extent to which different meteorological and hydrological processes interact during droughts to govern Tw dynamics, and how this varies between environmental contexts, remains poorly understood. Here, we review the mechanisms controlling Tw dynamics during droughts across temperate, maritime environments, using the United Kingdom as a detailed case study. We evidence that Tw spikes have widely occurred during extreme low‐flow events observed within droughts, but such trends have been inconsistent due to varying hydroclimatic conditions and river basin controls. To better understand this, we re‐conceptualize the mechanisms governing drought‐induced Tw dynamics operating across three ‘process sets’: (i) ‘energy flux dynamics’ as non‐advective controls on Tw; (ii) the role of ‘reach‐scale habitat conditions’ in mediating non‐advective controls on Tw, including hydraulic properties (e.g., residence time) and physical conditions (e.g., riparian vegetation coverages, wetted perimeters); (iii) ‘water source contributions’ (surface water and groundwater) as advective heat and water flow controls. We review natural and anthropogenic influences affecting Tw controls within each process set and discuss how such mechanisms are likely to change under drought conditions. More systematic research (spanning various river environments and drought severities) is required to test such concepts, with existing scientific knowledge on drought‐induced Tw dynamics being largely gleaned from studies examining non‐extreme low‐flow conditions or with broader focuses (e.g., annual thermal dynamics). We conclude by highlighting critical future research questions that need to be answered to better model Tw dynamics during future droughts and for unmonitored sites. Such scientific advances would more effectively inform how high Tw extremes could be better managed through evidence‐based mitigation and adaptation strategies.
Predicting stream water temperature with artificial neural networks based on open‐access data
Authors: Drainas Konstantina , Kaule Lisa , Mohr Stefanie , Uniyal Bhumika , Wild Romy , Geist Juergen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPredictions of stream water temperature are an important tool for assessing potential impacts of climate warming on aquatic ecosystems and for prioritizing targeted adaptation and mitigation measures. Since predictions require reliable baseline data, we assessed whether open‐access data can serve as a suitable resource for accurate and reliable water temperature prediction using artificial neural networks (ANNs). For this purpose, we trained and tested ANNs in 16 small () headwater streams of major types located in Bavaria, Germany. Between four and eight different combinations of input parameters were trained and tested for each stream ANN, based on data availability. These were air temperature (mean, minimum and maximum), day of the year, discharge, water level and sunshine duration per day. We found that the input combination with the highest accuracy (lowest RMSE) was stream‐specific, suggesting that the optimal input combination cannot be generalized across streams. Using a reasonable, but random, input combination resulted in an increase in error (RMSE) of up to >100% compared to the stream‐specific optimal combination. Hence, we conclude that the accuracy of water temperature prediction strongly depends on the availability of open‐access input data. We also found that environmental parameters such as hydrological characteristics and the proportion of land use in the 5 m riparian strip and the entire catchment are important drivers, affecting the accuracy and reliability of ANNs. ANNs' prediction accuracy was strongly negatively related to river length, total catchment area and water level. High proportions of semi‐natural and forested land cover correlated with a higher accuracy, while open‐canopy land use types such as grassland were negatively associated with ANN accuracy. In conclusion, open‐access data were found to be suitable for accurate and reliable predictions of water temperature using ANNs. However, we recommend incorporating stream‐specific environmental information and tailor the combination of input parameters to individual streams in order to obtain optimal results.
Impact of e‐cigarette liquid on porcine lung tissue—Ex vivo confocal Raman micro‐spectroscopy study
Authors: Jaafar Ali , Albarazanchi Abbas , Kadhim Mohammed Jawad , Darvin Maxim E. , Váczi Tamás , Tuchin Valery V. , Veres Miklós 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEx vivo porcine lung immersed in e‐liquid was investigated in‐depth using confocal Raman micro‐spectroscopy to assess the e‐liquid influence on the lung. It was found that lung‐related Raman band intensities at 1002, 1548, 1618 and 1655 cm−1 increased after first and second treatments except the surface, which was attributed to the well‐known optical clearing (OC) effect due to alveoli filling with e‐liquid resulting in light scattering reduction. The autofluorescence enhancement was explained by oxidative stress induced in lung during exposure to e‐liquid. Moreover, e‐liquid induced collagen dehydration was revealed by the I937/I926 Raman band intensity ratio change. The effect was enhanced after the second treatment of the same lung tissue that indicates the possibility of multi‐step OC treatment. We hypothesize that the nicotine‐flavour‐free e‐liquids containing glycerol and propylene glycol could potentially be used in clinical protocols as OC agent for enhanced in‐depth Raman‐guided bronchoscopy.
Quantifying Bone Strength Deficits in Young Adults Born Extremely Preterm or Extremely Low Birth Weight
Authors: Dao Thang , Robinson Dale Lee , Doyle Lex W , Lee Peter VS , Olsen Joy , Kale Ashwini , Cheong Jeanie LY , Wark John D 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The long-term bone health of young adults born extremely preterm (EP; &lt;28 weeks' gestation) or extremely low birth weight (ELBW; &lt;1000 g birth weight) in the post-surfactant era (since the early 1990s) is unclear. This study investigated their bone structure and estimated bone strength using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT)-based finite element modeling (pQCT-FEM). Results using this technique have been associated with bone fragility in several clinical settings. Participants comprised 161 EP/ELBW survivors (46.0% male) and 122 contemporaneous term-born (44.3% male), normal birth weight controls born in Victoria, Australia, during 1991–1992. At age 25 years, participants underwent pQCT at 4% and 66% of tibia and radius length, which was analyzed using pQCT-FEM. Groups were compared using linear regression and adjusted for height and weight. An interaction term between group and sex was added to assess group differences between sexes. Parameters measured included compressive stiffness (kcomp), torsional stiffness (ktorsion), and bending stiffness (kbend). EP/ELBW survivors were shorter than the controls, but their weights were similar. Several unadjusted tibial pQCT-FEM parameters were lower in the EP/ELBW group. Height- and weight-adjusted ktorsion at 66% tibia remained lower in EP/ELBW (mean difference [95% confidence interval] −180 [−352, −8] Nm/deg). The evidence for group differences in ktorsion and kbend at 66% tibia was stronger among males than females (pinteractions &lt;0.05). There was little evidence for group differences in adjusted radial models. Lower height- and weight-adjusted pQCT-FEM measures in EP/ELBW compared with controls suggest a clinically relevant increase in predicted long-term fracture risk in EP/ELBW survivors, particularly males. Future pQCT-FEM studies should utilize the tibial pQCT images because of the greater variability in the radius possibly related to lower measurement precision. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Behavioral activation is associated with post‐disaster mental health: Secondary longitudinal analysis from a population‐based study
Authors: Pavlacic Jeffrey M. , Ruggiero Kenneth J. , Andrews Arthur R. , Price Matthew , Rheingold Alyssa A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveInterventions in post‐disaster environments may be accelerated by identifying protective behavioral factors adding incremental value to models of psychopathology using longitudinal methods. One protective behavior applicable to post‐disaster contexts is behavioral activation (BA). BA is defined here as a behavioral pattern involving presence of valued activity engagement. While relevant post‐disaster, the incremental value of BA behaviors in predicting longitudinal post‐disaster outcomes is not well understood. We hypothesized that higher baseline engagement in behaviors consistent with a BA framework would predict decreased posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, depression symptom severity, and sleep disturbance approximately 3, 6, and 12 months after hurricane survivors completed baseline measures.MethodsThe current study is a secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial of a disaster mental health digital intervention. Participants completed surveys at baseline and approximately 3, 6, and 12 months post‐enrollment. Correlations and hierarchical regression analyses were calculated following data screening to predict PTSD symptom severity, depression symptom severity, and sleep disturbances.ResultsControlling for alcohol use, prior trauma, displacement, and intervention condition, higher baseline BA consistently predicted less PTSD symptom severity, depression symptom severity, and sleep disturbances.ConclusionResults suggest that post‐disaster interventions should consider addressing BA. The study provides evidence that BA is potentially an important protective factor longitudinally predicting sleep disturbances and psychopathology after natural disasters.