bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome Prediction by Traditional and New Markers of Inflammation in Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Oberhoffer Mathias , Vogelsang Heinz , Rußwurm Stefan , Hartung Thomas , Reinhart Konrad 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Patients (n = 242) admitted to intensive care unit for
longer than 48 hours were categorised for sepsis according
to American College of Chest Physicians/Society
of Critical Care Medicine (ACCP/SCCM) Consensus
Conference criteria. Body temperature, leukocyte
count, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT)
as well as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin
(IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10 and HLA-DR expression on monocytes
were determined. Data of one randomly choosen day
per patient entered analysis. Immunologic mediators
contributing significantly to outcome were determined
by logistic regression analysis. Area under the
curves (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic
curves of clinical markers of inflammation predicting
prognosis were compared with AUC of relevant immunologic
mediators. TNF-α, IL-6 and HLA-DR expression
on monocytes were significantly associated with outcome;
the AUC's were 0.835, 0.844 and 0.761 respectively.
AUC's for clinical markers were 0.878, 0.811,
0.620 and 0.614 for PCT, CRP, leukocyte count and body
temperature respectively. PCT had the highest AUC
compared to other clinical markers. These data indicate
that PCT might be a better marker than the classic
criteria of inflammation, CRP, leukocyte count, and
body temperature to identify patients endangered by
severe infection or sepsis.
Measuring bubble, drop and particle sizes in multiphase systems with ultrasound
Authors: Cents A. H. G. , Brilman D. W. F. , Versteeg G. F. , Wijnstra P. J. , Regtien P. P. L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA technique is developed for measurement of bubble, droplet and particle‐size distributions in multiphase systems, based on the propagation speed and attenuation of ultrasound. The measurement of the size distribution of the dispersed phase in multiphase systems was desired to analyze the mass‐transfer mechanism in gas‐liquid‐liquid and gas‐liquid‐solid systems. To obtain this information, both the ultrasonic velocity and the attenuation coefficient of tone‐burst signals are determined for a large frequency range (typically 100 kHz – 100 MHz). From these parameters, the size distributions and the volume fraction of the different dispersed phases can be determined using a scattering model. It was shown that the interfacial area can be determined very accurately, however, for the exact size distribution of the gas bubbles in the used size range (1–3 mm) an independent gas holdup determination is required. Experiments were performed in gas‐liquid, solid‐liquid, and gas‐liquid‐solid systems. The results showed good agreement of the particle‐size distribution compared to a commercial laser‐scattering analyzer, both with and without gas bubbles present. Furthermore, a good agreement between the scattering model and the experiments was found in the systems that contained gas bubbles, but these results should be validated using for instance, a digital camera technique. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2750–2762, 2004
Transient permeation of butanes through ZSM‐5 and ZSM‐11 zeolite membranes
Authors: Gardner Tracy Q. , Falconer John L. , Noble Richard D. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractButane isomer adsorption isotherms and diffusivities in the transport pathways through Al‐ZSM‐11 (MEL), Al‐ZSM‐5 (MFI), and B‐ZSM‐5 zeolite membranes were measured by a transient permeation technique. The permeate responses to feed step changes were measured between 383 and 473 K, and the diffusion was modeled as Maxwell–Stefan surface diffusion with dual‐site Langmuir adsorption. The effects of adsorption and diffusion on the n‐C4/i‐C4 ideal selectivities were quantified, and the selectivity differences between the membranes were explained based on the adsorption properties and the diffusivities. The resistance of the porous tubular supports affected the coverage in the zeolite at the permeate boundary, and the ratio of the n‐C4/i‐C4 diffusion driving forces consequently increased with increasing temperature. The n‐C4 diffusivities were almost the same in the three membranes, but the i‐C4 diffusivities in the MEL membrane were an order of magnitude higher than those in the MFI membranes. The bulkier i‐C4 molecules are apparently significantly less constrained in the straight, circular pores and slightly larger intersections of MEL zeolite, although the structural differences do not affect the mobility of n‐C4. Higher i‐C4 coverages in the Al‐ZSM‐11 and B‐ZSM‐5 membranes compared to the Al‐ZSM‐5 membrane were attributed to a smaller change in entropy upon adsorption in the channels of Al‐ZSM‐11 and to a higher heat of adsorption in the intersections of the more substituted B‐ZSM‐5. Initial transient flux overshoots and undershoots after i‐C4 feed concentration changes were apparently caused by a small amount of pressure‐driven flow (<10% of the total i‐C4 flux and <0.1% of the total n‐C4 flux) through parallel pathways. The effective membrane thicknesses were also estimated from the transient measurements. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2816–2834, 2004
Intraparticle diffusion of phosphates in OH‐type strongly basic ion exchanger
Authors: Galinada Wilmer A. , Yoshida Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe intraparticle diffusions of H3PO4, H2PO, HPO, and PO ions in an OH‐type strongly basic ion exchanger, DIAION SA10A, were investigated by measuring the uptake curves for adsorption of phosphates by using the shallow‐bed method. The experimental uptake data were correlated by applying the homogeneous Fickian diffusion model and the parallel diffusion model for surface and pore diffusions. In all phosphate systems, the values of intraparticle effective diffusivity (Deff) obtained from the homogeneous model increased with the increase in the bulk‐phase concentration, and suggested the existence of a parallel transport of phosphates in the particle by the surface and pore diffusions. The surface diffusivities (DS) for the parallel diffusion model were determined from the intercepts of the plots of Deff[1 + (εPC0/q0)] vs. εPC0/q0. The accurate pore diffusivities (DP) were obtained by matching the theoretical uptake curves for the parallel diffusion model with the experimental uptake data. The parallel diffusion model agrees reasonably well with the experimental uptake data. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2806–2815, 2004
High‐gradient magnetic separation of coated magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Moeser Geoffrey D. , Roach Kaitlin A. , Green William H. , Alan Hatton T. , Laibinis Paul E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe feasibility is examined of using high‐gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) to recover about 8‐nm magnetite nanoparticles that are tailored specifically to extract target solutes (polymer‐coated nanoparticles for the extraction of soluble organic contaminants from water and phospholipid‐coated particles for the selective extraction of proteins). A general model for nanoparticle capture based on calculating the limit of static nanoparticle buildup around the wires in an HGMS column is presented. Model predictions are compared successfully with experimental results from a bench‐scale HGMS column for both the polymer‐ and phospholipid‐coated particles. A minimum diameter for successful particle capture is derived for both individually dispersed nanoparticles and aggregates of nanoparticles. The individually dispersed polymer‐coated nanoparticles are less easily captured in the HGMS column than are the phospholipid‐coated particles, which exist as submicron aggregates. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2835–2848, 2004
Synthesis and Evaluation of some Novel Quinazolinone Derivatives as Diuretic Agents
Authors: Maarouf Azza R. , El‐Bendary Eman R. , Goda Fatma E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA new series of quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives containing either a thiazole or a 1, 3, 4‐thiadiazole moiety were prepared in order to study the effect of such a heterocyclic combination on the expected diuretic activity. Synthesis of the target compounds (2, 4, and 6) has been achieved through an interaction of the starting 7‐chloro‐2‐methyl‐4H‐3, 1‐benzoxazin‐4‐one 1 with different heterocyclic amines. Alkylation of 3‐(2‐mercapto‐1, 3, 4‐thiadiazol‐5‐yl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one derivative 4 with different alkyl halides or chloroacetic acid afforded the corresponding thioethers 5 while interaction of 2‐methyl‐3‐(1, 3, 4‐thiadiazol‐5‐yl or thiazol‐5‐yl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones (2 and 6) with various aromatic aldehydes resulted in the formation of the arylvinyl analogs 3 and 7, respectively. On the other hand, 2‐morpholinomethyl‐3‐(2‐sulfamoyl or mercapto‐1, 3, 4—thiadiazol‐5‐yl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives 10 have also been synthesized through an interaction of the sulfonamide or thiol analog 9 with the appropriate amine. Biological evaluation of some of the target compounds as diuretic agents was carried out. The results showed that 2‐[2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)vinyl]‐7‐chloro‐3‐(2‐sulfamoyl‐1, 3, 4‐thiadiazol‐5‐yl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one 7b exhibited significant diuretic activity. The detailed synthesis, spectroscopic and biological data are reported.
Synthesis and Potent Antimicrobial Activity of Some Novel 4‐(5, 6‐Dichloro‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐N‐substituted Benzamides
Authors: Özden Seçkin , Karataş Hacer , Yıldız Sulhiye , Göker Hakan 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA series of 4‐(5, 6‐dichloro‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐N‐substituted benzamides were synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA), methicillin‐resistant S. epidermis (MRSE), Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Certain compounds inhibit bacterial growth with low MIC values (μg/mL). Among them, compounds 10 and 11 exhibited the greatest antibacterial activity with MIC values of 3.12 μg/mL against S. aureus, MRSA and MRSE.
Practical Synthesis of Fenbufen Ethanolamide
Authors: Zohrabi‐Kalantari Vida , Link Andreas 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe ongoing interest in ethanolamide derivatives of anti‐inflammatory drugs as potential synthetic cannabinoids and mechanistic tools for the study of cannabinoid and vanilloid receptors prompted us to develop a practical gram scale synthesis for the hitherto unknown ethanolamide of fenbufen. Dehydration of fenbufen leads to intramolecular ring closure yielding bright pink crystals of the intramolecular enol ester. Reaction of this activated but stable intermediate with ethanolamine leads to the title compound in good yield and purity without the necessity to remove coupling reagents or residual activating groups, such as N, N‐dialkyl ureas and fluorinated phenols.
Search for Histamine H3 Receptor Ligands with Combined Inhibitory Potency at HistamineN‐Methyltransferase: ω‐Piperidinoalkanamine Derivatives
Authors: Graßmann Sven , Apelt Joachim , Ligneau Xavier , Pertz Heinz H. , Arrang Jean‐Michel , Ganellin C. Robin , Schwartz Jean‐Charles , Schunack Walter , Stark Holger 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn an effort to design new hybrid compounds with dual properties, i.e. binding affinity at histamine H3 receptors and inhibitory potency at the catabolic enzyme histamine Nτ‐methyltransferase (HMT), a novel series of 1‐substituted piperidine derivatives was synthesized. This alicyclic heterocycle is structurally linked via aminoalkyl spacers of variable lengths to additional aromatic carbo‐ or hetero‐cycles. These new hybrid drugs were pharmacologically evaluated regarding their binding affinities at recombinant human H3 receptors, stably expressed in CHO cells, and in a functional assay for their inhibitory potencies at rat kidney HMT. All compounds investigated proved to be H3 receptor ligands with binding affinities in the micro‐ to nanomolar concentration range despite significant differences in the type of the aromatic moiety introduced. The most potent compound in this series was the quinoline derivative 20 (Ki = 5.6 nM). Likewise, all new ligands studied showed impressive HMT inhibitory activities. Here, compounds 5, 10, 14 and 18—20 exhibited submicromolar potencies (IC50 = 0.061—0.56 μM). The aminomethylated quinoline 19 showed almost the same, well balanced nanomolar activities on both targets. In this study, new hybrid compounds with a dual mode biological action were developed. These pharmacological agents are valuable leads for further development and candidates for treatment of histamine‐dependent disorders.
Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Activity of Pyridylmethylsulfanyl and Naphthylmethylsulfanyl Derivatives of Benzazoles, 1, 2, 4‐Triazole, and Pyridine‐2‐carbothioamide/‐2‐carbonitrile
Authors: Zahajská Lenka , Klimešová Věra , Kočí Jan , Waisser Karel , Kaustová Jarmila 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA set of four types of benzazoles, 1, 2, 4‐triazole, and pyridine‐2‐carbonitrile/‐2‐carbothioamide substituted with 1‐naphthylmethylsulfanyl or pyridylmethylsulfanyl was prepared to modify the structure of benzylsulfanyl derivatives of the above‐mentioned heterocycles. The compounds were evaluated for in vitro antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. avium, and two strains of M. kansasii. The activities were expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC values fall into a range of 2 to >1000 μmmol/L. Introduction of a pyridyl moiety into the molecule mostly decreased the activity. A naphthyl moiety did not influence the activity in comparison with a phenyl. The most active substances were 4‐(3‐pyridylmethylsulfanyl)pyridine‐2‐carbothioamide (7b) (MIC = 2 — >62.5 μmol/L) and 4‐(1‐naphthylmethylsulfanyl)pyridine‐2‐carbothioamide (7d) (MIC = 2 — >32 μmol/L).
Enhanced interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐18 release in a patient with chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, articular syndrome
Authors: Janssen Riny , Verhard Els , Lankester Arjan , ten Cate Rebecca , van Dissel Jaap T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractChronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, articular (CINCA) syndrome is a severe inflammatory disease that recently was associated with mutations in CIAS1. It was hypothesized that these mutations may lead to enhanced inflammatory responses. Herein, we provide evidence that inflammation in the CINCA syndrome is characterized by enhanced interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and IL‐18 release upon stimulation of blood cells and show that this release is caspase 1 dependent.
Interferon‐α–inducible proteins are novel autoantigens in murine lupus
Authors: Hueber Wolfgang , Zeng Defu , Strober Samuel , Utz Paul J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the spectrum of B cell autoimmunity in the recently described anti‐CD1–autoreactive T cell receptor (TCR)–transgenic murine lupus‐like (CD1 lupus‐like) model.MethodsLethally irradiated BALB/c/nu/nu mice were injected intravenously with donor BALB/c bone marrow and spleen cells expressing TCRα and TCRβ transgenes that recognize CD1d. Sera from adoptive host animals that developed lupus (i.e., CD1 lupus mice) were collected at serial time points and analyzed by Western blotting and immunoprecipitation, using protein extracts prepared from NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts and EL‐4 lymphocytes, respectively. Sera obtained from older animals in several models of spontaneous lupus (NZB/NZW, MRL++, and MRL/lpr mice), unmanipulated BALB/c/nu/nu mice, and normal BALB/c mice were used as controls.ResultsAnalyses demonstrated that the prominent targets of autoantibodies in the CD1 lupus‐like model are interferon‐α (IFNα)–inducible antigens. Biochemical and serologic characterizations identified one antigen as belonging to the interferon‐inducible 202 (Ifi202) subfamily of proteins within the Ifi200 family, and a second antigen as a member of the 70‐kd heat‐shock protein family. Autoantibodies directed against these antigens were rapidly produced at an early stage of disease. Anti‐p50 autoantibodies were present in sera from 7 (78%) of 9 CD1 lupus mice that developed severe kidney disease.ConclusionIFNα‐inducible proteins represent a novel class of autoantigens in murine lupus, and the findings suggest additional roles for IFNα in this disease. Since Ifi202 autoantigens are encoded by the murine non–major histocompatibility complex lupus‐susceptibility gene locus Ifi202, these data provide a link between recent advances in lupus genetics and the formation of autoantibodies.
Severity of murine collagen‐induced arthritis correlates with increased CYP7B activity: Enhancement of dehydroepiandrosterone metabolism by interleukin‐1β
Authors: Dulos John , Verbraak Evert , Bagchus Wilma M. , Boots Annemieke M. H. , Kaptein Allard 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjectiveThe endogenous steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been reported to play a role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). DHEA is metabolized by the P450 enzyme CYP7B into 7α‐OH‐DHEA, which has immunostimulating properties. This study was undertaken to investigate the putative role of CYP7B in arthritis using murine collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA), an interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β)–dependent model.MethodsDBA/1J mice were immunized and administered a booster with type II collagen. The presence of 7α‐OH‐DHEA was determined in both arthritic and nonarthritic joints and the serum of CIA mice by radioimmunoassay. CYP7B messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was analyzed in synovial biopsy samples, and in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) isolated from these synovial biopsy samples, by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). In addition, the regulatory role of IL‐1β on CYP7B activity in FLS was determined using RT‐PCR, Western blotting, and high‐performance liquid chromatography.ResultsIn knee joint synovial biopsy samples from arthritic mice, 7α‐OH‐DHEA levels were 5‐fold higher than in nonarthritic mice. Elevated levels of 7α‐OH‐DHEA were accompanied by an increase in CYP7B mRNA expression and were positively correlated with disease severity. In serum, no differences in 7α‐OH‐DHEA levels were observed between arthritic and nonarthritic mice. Incubation of FLS with IL‐1β resulted in a dose‐dependent increase in 7α‐OH‐DHEA formation. In addition, IL‐1β enhanced CYP7B mRNA and CYP7B protein levels in FLS.ConclusionDisease progression in CIA is correlated with enhanced CYP7B activity, which leads to locally enhanced 7α‐OH‐DHEA levels. Elevated IL‐1β levels within the arthritic joint may regulate this increase in CYP7B activity.
Intramolecular T cell spreading in unprimed MRL/lpr mice: Importance of the U1‐70k protein sequence 131–151
Authors: Monneaux Fanny , Parietti Véronique , Briand Jean‐Paul , Muller Sylviane 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze spontaneous T cell spreading against determinants of the U1‐70K protein in young autoimmune MRL/lpr lupus mice, in comparison with the T cell spreading occurring in normal BALB/c mice immunized with peptide 131–151 of this protein.MethodsPeripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from both unprimed MRL/lpr mice and immunized BALB/c mice were tested for their ability to proliferate ex vivo in response to 18 overlapping peptides of the U1‐70K spliceosomal protein, using assays for lymphocyte proliferation and secretion of interleukin‐2.ResultsThe proliferative response to peptides of the U1‐70K protein evolved rapidly in MRL/lpr mice tested at different ages. At least 5 peptides were recognized by PBLs from 8‐week‐old autoimmune mice, whereas a different peptide was recognized by PBLs from MRL/lpr mice at 12 weeks of age. At 15 weeks, the proliferative response was weak or negative when assessed with any of the test peptides. At least 2 major peptides recognized by MRL/lpr PBLs were also recognized by PBLs generated in the BALB/c mice primed with peptide 131–151. We further demonstrated that, in preautoimmune MRL/lpr mice, repeated administration of phosphorylated peptide 131–151 (called P140), which was shown previously to be protective, transiently abolished T cell intramolecular spreading to other regions of the 70K protein.ConclusionThis is the first study to demonstrate that intramolecular T cell spreading effectively occurs in MRL/lpr mice with lupus, and that region 131–151 is important in the cascade of events observed in the murine lupus response. This sequence might originate a mechanism of tolerance spreading that leads to the beneficial effect observed in MRL/lpr mice after treatment with the phosphorylated peptide 131–151.
Systemic lupus erythematosus genome scan: Support for linkage at 1q23, 2q33, 16q12–13, and 17q21–23 and novel evidence at 3p24, 10q23–24, 13q32, and 18q22–23
Authors: Cantor Rita M. , Yuan Jinying , Napier Susan , Kono Naoko , Grossman Jennifer M. , Hahn Bevra H. , Tsao Betty P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo identify chromosome regions likely to harbor genes that predispose to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by analyzing a full genome scan in nuclear families ascertained for siblings with SLE.MethodsApproximately 400 multiallelic markers spaced an average of 10 cM apart were genotyped in a multiethnic panel of 238 individuals from 62 multiplex SLE families having 88 affected sibling pairs and 456 total sibling pairs. Findings were analyzed by 2 model‐free statistical linkage procedures.ResultsEvidence supporting linkage to 4 previously reported (1q23, 2q33, 16q12–13, and 17q21–23) and 4 novel (3p24, 10q23–24, 13q32, and 18q22–23) chromosome regions was revealed. Stratification by family ethnicity indicated that linkage to 3 regions, 2q33, 10q23–24, and 18q22–23, was derived primarily from the Caucasian families, while linkage to 17q21–23 was seen primarily in the non‐Caucasian families.ConclusionLinkage to the same chromosome regions in independent cohorts is a critical step in finding the genes that predispose to a complex disorder such as SLE. Four linked regions also seen in independent SLE cohorts lend credibility to the 4 novel regions identified by these analyses. Substantial linkage information was gleaned by genotyping and analyzing the unaffected siblings. These results provide additional evidence that the SLE clinical phenotype is genetically complex, multigenic, and heterogeneous.
The effect of folic acid and folinic acid supplements on purine metabolism in methotrexate‐treated rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Morgan Sarah L. , Oster Robert A. , Lee Jeannette Y. , Alarcón Graciela S. , Baggott Joseph E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if folinic acid supplementation during methotrexate (MTX) therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) reduces both urinary 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide (AICA) and urinary adenosine excretion more than does folic acid supplementation. AICA and adenosine are markers for MTX interference with purine metabolism.MethodsForty patients with RA who received MTX for 6 weeks were randomized to receive either daily folic acid or folinic acid supplements during an additional week of MTX therapy. Colorimetric and radioimmunocompetition assays were used to measure 24‐hour urinary AICA and adenosine excretion levels, respectively.ResultsAt the end of 6 weeks, 24‐hour urinary levels of AICA, but not adenosine, were elevated as compared with baseline levels (i.e., prior to MTX therapy). Folinic acid, but not folic acid, supplementation normalized urinary AICA levels during MTX therapy. Relatively high urinary levels of AICA were correlated with reduced disease activity. No similar correlations were seen with urinary adenosine levels.ConclusionThe blockade of purine nucleotide biosynthesis by MTX at the AICA ribonucleotide transformylase–catalyzed step may be related to the efficacy of MTX, and this blockade is effectively relieved by folinic acid, but not by folic acid, supplementation.