bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Committed Ice Loss in the European Alps Until 2050 Using a Deep‐Learning‐Aided 3D Ice‐Flow Model With Data Assimilation
Authors: Cook Samuel J. , Jouvet Guillaume , Millan Romain , Rabatel Antoine , Zekollari Harry , Dussaillant Inés 
Published: December 2023

AbstractModeling the short‐term (<50 years) evolution of glaciers is difficult because of issues related to model initialization and data assimilation. However, this timescale is critical, particularly for water resources, natural hazards, and ecology. Using a unique record of satellite remote‐sensing data, combined with a novel optimisation and surface‐forcing‐calculation method within the framework of the deep‐learning‐based Instructed Glacier Model, we are able to ameliorate initialization issues. We thus model the committed evolution of all glaciers in the European Alps up to 2050 using present‐day climate conditions, assuming no future climate change. We find that the resulting committed ice loss exceeds a third of the present‐day ice volume by 2050, with multi‐kilometer frontal retreats for even the largest glaciers. Our results show the importance of modeling ice dynamics to accurately retrieve the ice‐thickness distribution and to predict future mass changes. Thanks to high‐performance GPU processing, we also demonstrate our method's global potential.
Regional and Teleconnected Impacts of Solar Radiation‐Topography Interaction Over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Hao Dalei , Bisht Gautam , Gu Yu , Leung L. Ruby 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSolar radiation‐topography interaction plays an important role in surface energy balance over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, the impacts of such interaction over the TP on climate locally and in the Asian regions remain unclear. This study uses the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) to evaluate the regional and teleconnected impacts of solar radiation‐topography interaction over the TP. Land‐atmosphere coupled experiments show that topography regulates the surface energy balance, snow processes, and surface climate over the TP across seasons. Accounting for solar radiation‐topography interaction improves E3SM simulation of surface climate. The winter cold bias in air temperature decreases from −4.57 to −3.79 K, and the wet bias in summer precipitation is mitigated in southern TP. The TP's solar radiation‐topography interaction further reduces the South and East Asian summer precipitation biases. Our results demonstrate the topographic roles in regional climate over the TP and highlight its teleconnected climate impacts.
A Seismic Tomography, Gravity, and Flexure Study of the Crust and Upper Mantle Structure of the Hawaiian Ridge: 1
Authors: MacGregor B. G. , Dunn R. A. , Watts A. B. , Xu C. , Shillington D. J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Hawaiian Ridge has long been a focus site for studying lithospheric flexure due to intraplate volcano loading, but crucial load and flexure details remain unclear. We address this problem using wide‐angle seismic refraction and reflection data acquired along a ∼535‐km‐long profile that intersects the ridge between the islands of Maui and Hawai'i and crosses 80–95 Myr‐old lithosphere. A tomographic image constructed using travel time data of several seismic phases reveals broad flexure of Pacific oceanic crust extending up to ∼200–250 km either side of the Hawaiian Ridge, and vertically up to ∼6–7 km. The P‐wave velocity structure, verified by gravity modeling, reveals that the west flank of Hawaii is comprised of extrusive lavas overlain by volcanoclastic sediments and a carbonate platform. In contrast, the Hāna Ridge, southeast of Maui, contains a high‐velocity core consistent with mafic or ultramafic intrusive rocks. Magmatic underplating along the seismic line is not evident. Reflectors at the top and bottom of the pre‐existing oceanic crust suggest a ∼4.5–6 km crustal thickness. Simple three‐dimensional flexure modeling with an elastic plate thickness, Te, of 26.7 km shows that the depths to the reflectors beneath the western flank of Hawai'i can be explained by volcano loading in which Maui and the older islands in the ridge contribute ∼43% to the flexure and the island of Hawai'i ∼51%. Previous studies, however, revealed a higher Te beneath the eastern flank of Hawai'i suggesting that isostatic compensation may not yet be complete at the youngest end of the ridge.
Opposing roles by KRAS and BRAF mutation on immune cell infiltration in colorectal cancer – possible implications for immunotherapy
Authors: Edin Sofia , Gylling Björn , Li Xingru , Stenberg Åsa , Löfgren-Burström Anna , Zingmark Carl , van Guelpen Bethany , Ljuslinder Ingrid , Ling Agnes , Palmqvist Richard 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The immune response has important clinical value in colorectal cancer (CRC) in both prognosis and response to immunotherapy. This study aims to explore tumour immune cell infiltration in relation to clinically well-established molecular markers of CRC.

Methods
Multiplex immunohistochemistry and multispectral imaging was used to evaluate tumour infiltration of cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), Th1 cells (T-bet+), T regulatory cells (FoxP3+), B cells (CD20+), and macrophages (CD68+) in a cohort of 257 CRC patients.

Results
We found the expected association between higher immune-cell infiltration and microsatellite instability. Also, whereas BRAF-mutated tumours displayed increased immune-cell infiltration compared to BRAF wild-type tumours, the opposite was seen for KRAS-mutated tumours, differences that were most prominent for cytotoxic T cells and Th1 cells. The opposing relationships of BRAF and KRAS mutations with tumour infiltration of cytotoxic T cells was validated in an independent cohort of 608 CRC patients. A positive prognostic importance of cytotoxic T cells was found in wild-type as well as KRAS and BRAF-mutated CRCs in both cohorts.

Conclusion
A combined evaluation of MSI status, KRAS and BRAF mutational status, and immune infiltration (cytotoxic T cells) may provide important insights to prognosis and response to immunotherapy in CRC.
Standardized assays to monitor drug sensitivity in hematologic cancers
Authors: Ayuda-Durán Pilar , Hermansen Johanne U. , Giliberto Mariaserena , Yin Yanping , Hanes Robert , Gordon Sandra , Kuusanmäki Heikki , Brodersen Andrea M. , Andersen Aram N. , Taskén Kjetil , Wennerberg Krister , Enserink Jorrit M. , Skånland Sigrid S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe principle of drug sensitivity testing is to expose cancer cells to a library of different drugs and measure its effects on cell viability. Recent technological advances, continuous approval of targeted therapies, and improved cell culture protocols have enhanced the precision and clinical relevance of such screens. Indeed, drug sensitivity testing has proven diagnostically valuable for patients with advanced hematologic cancers. However, different cell types behave differently in culture and therefore require optimized drug screening protocols to ensure that their ex vivo drug sensitivity accurately reflects in vivo drug responses. For example, primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM) cells require unique microenvironmental stimuli to survive in culture, while this is less the case for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Here, we present our optimized and validated protocols for culturing and drug screening of primary cells from AML, CLL, and MM patients, and a generic protocol for cell line models. We also discuss drug library designs, reproducibility, and quality controls. We envision that these protocols may serve as community guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays to monitor drug sensitivity in hematologic cancers and thus contribute to standardization. The read-outs may provide insight into tumor biology, identify or confirm treatment resistance and sensitivity in real time, and ultimately guide clinical decision-making.
Emerging role and therapeutic implications of p53 in intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Wang Yidian , Hu Shouye , Zhang Weisong , Zhang Binfei , Yang Zhi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLower back pain (LBP) is a common degenerative musculoskeletal disease that imposes a huge economic burden on both individuals and society. With the aggravation of social aging, the incidence of LBP has increased globally. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the primary cause of LBP. Currently, IDD treatment strategies include physiotherapy, medication, and surgery; however, none can address the root cause by ending the degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs). However, in recent years, targeted therapy based on specific molecules has brought hope for treating IDD. The tumor suppressor gene p53 produces a transcription factor that regulates cell metabolism and survival. Recently, p53 was shown to play an important role in maintaining IVD microenvironment homeostasis by regulating IVD cell senescence, apoptosis, and metabolism by activating downstream target genes. This study reviews research progress regarding the potential role of p53 in IDD and discusses the challenges of targeting p53 in the treatment of IDD. This review will help to elucidate the pathogenesis of IDD and provide insights for the future development of precision treatments.
Triplet-mediated spin entanglement between organic radicals: integrating first principles and open-quantum-system simulations
Authors: Huang Tianhong , Chang Jiawei , Ma Lin , Fisher Andrew J. , Harrison Nicholas M. , Zou Taoyu , Wang Hai , Wu Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractControlling molecular spin quantum bits optically offers the potential to effectively reduce decoherence and raise the working temperature of quantum computers. Here, exchange interactions and spin dynamics, as mediated by an optically driven triplet state, are calculated for a molecule that consists of a pair of radicals and represents a potential quantum-circuit building block. Consistent with the previous experimental observation of spin coherence induced by the triplet state, our work demonstrates an optically driven quantum gate operation scheme in a molecule. A technological blueprint combining a two-dimensional molecular network and programmable nanophotonics, both of which are sufficiently developed, is proposed. We thus realize computational exploration of chemical databases to identify suitable candidates for molecular spin quantum bits and couplers to be hybridized with nanophotonic devices. The work presented here is proposed to realize a new approach for exploring molecular excited states and click chemistry, toward advancing molecular quantum technology.
EarSet: A Multi-Modal Dataset for Studying the Impact of Head and Facial Movements on In-Ear PPG Signals
Authors: Montanari Alessandro , Ferlini Andrea , Balaji Ananta Narayanan , Mascolo Cecilia , Kawsar Fahim 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhotoplethysmography (PPG) is a simple, yet powerful technique to study blood volume changes by measuring light intensity variations. However, PPG is severely affected by motion artifacts, which hinder its trustworthiness. This problem is pressing in earables since head movements and facial expressions cause skin and tissue displacements around and inside the ear. Understanding such artifacts is fundamental to the success of earables for accurate cardiovascular health monitoring. However, the lack of in-ear PPG datasets prevents the research community from tackling this challenge. In this work, we report on the design of an ear tip featuring a 3-channels PPG and a co-located 6-axis motion sensor. This, enables sensing PPG data at multiple wavelengths and the corresponding motion signature from both ears. Leveraging our device, we collected a multi-modal dataset from 30 participants while performing 16 natural motions, including both head/face and full body movements. This unique dataset will greatly support research towards making in-ear vital signs sensing more accurate and robust, thus unlocking the full potential of the next-generation PPG-equipped earables.
A full-body motion capture gait dataset of 138 able-bodied adults across the life span and 50 stroke survivors
Authors: Van Criekinge Tamaya , Saeys Wim , Truijen Steven , Vereeck Luc , Sloot Lizeth H. , Hallemans Ann 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis reference dataset contains biomechanical data of 138 able-bodied adults (21–86 years) and 50 stroke survivors walking bare-footed at their preferred speed. It is unique due to its size, and population, including adults across the life-span and over 70 years, as well as stroke survivors. Full-body kinematics (PiG-model), kinetics and muscle activity of 14 back and lower limbs muscles was collected with a Vicon motion capture system, ground-embedded force plates, and a synchronized surface EMG system. The data is reliable to compare within and between groups as the same methodology and infrastructure were used to gather all data. Both source files (C3D) and post-processed ready-to-use stride-normalized kinematics, kinetics and EMG data (MAT-file, Excel file) are available, allowing high flexibility and accessibility of analysis for both researchers and clinicians. These records are valuable to examine ageing, typical and hemiplegic gait, while also offering a wide range of reference data which can be utilized for age-matched controls during normal walking.
Observing ageism implicitly using the numerical parity judgment task
Authors: Aisenberg-Shafran D. , Henik A. , Gronau N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjective magnitude representations may be prone to subjective percepts when judging human beings. An elderly man is clearly “large” in terms of age. But, is he truly perceived as “big” in our minds? We investigated whether “objective” representation of age interacts with subjective stereotypical percepts of aging, using a numeral classification task preceded by prime images containing human figures. First, prime images of children and young adults demonstrated a positive correlation between perceived age and numerical size. Second, negatively and positively valenced prime images were associated with small and big numerical values, respectively. Third, joint effects of age and valence on numerical value perception revealed a linkage between old adults and small numerical values. It seems that magnitude perception is vulnerable to implicit subjective biases and stereotypical judgments dominate objective magnitude representation.
The influence of thionamides on intra-thyroidal uptake of 131I during radioiodine-131 treatment of Graves’ disease
Authors: Happel Christian , Bockisch Benjamin , Leonhäuser Britta , Sabet Amir , Grünwald Frank , Groener Daniel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGraves’ disease is one of the most common causes of hyperthyroidism. Guideline recommendations advocate the intake of thionamides for at least 1 year. If hyperthyroidism persists, subsequent radioiodine-131 treatment (RIT) is a therapeutic option. Thionamides are known to influence intra-thyroidal bio-kinetics of iodine and should therefore be discontinued at least 3 days prior to RIT if possible. However, the required therapeutic activity has to be calculated individually by pre-therapeutic measurement of the uptake prior to RIT [radioiodine-131 uptake test (RIUT)] in Germany according to national guidelines. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify the influence of thionamides on intra-therapeutic uptake. A cohort of 829 patients with Graves’ disease undergoing RIUT and RIT was analysed. Patients were subdivided into three groups. Group A: patients with carbimazole medication (n = 312), group B: patients with methimazole medication (n = 252) and group C: patients without thionamides (n = 265). Group A and B were further subdivided depending on the reduction of dosage of thionamides. In order to analyse the influence of thionamides, the variance of the determined individual extrapolated maximum intra-thyroidal uptake (EMU) between RIUT and RIT within the single groups and within the subgroups was statistically evaluated. When administering an equal dose of thionamides or no thionamides in RIUT and RIT (groups A1, B1 and C) no significant differences were detected when comparing EMU in RIT to EMU in RIUT (p > 0.05). In the subgroups A2–A4 (reduced dosage of carbimazole prior to RIT) EMU was significantly increased in RIT compared to RIUT [21% for a reduction of 0 to < 10 mg/d (A2), 39% for a reduction of 10–15 mg/d (A3) and 80% for a reduction of > 15 mg/d (A4)]. In the subgroups B2–B4 (reduced dosage of methimazole prior to RIT) EMU was as well significantly increased in RIT compared to RIUT [26% for a reduction of 0 to < 10 mg/d (B2), 36% for a reduction of 10–15 mg/d (B3) and 59% for a reduction of > 15 mg/d (B4)]. A significant dose-dependent increase of EMU in RIT compared to EMU in RIUT in patients discontinuing or reducing thionamides was detected. Therefore, thionamides should be discontinued at least 2 days prior to RIUT in order to achieve the designated target dose more precisely and to minimize radiation exposure of organs at risk.
A lightweight transformer for faster and robust EBSD data collection
Authors: Dong Harry , Donegan Sean , Shah Megna , Chi Yuejie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThree dimensional electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) microscopy is a critical tool in many applications in materials science, yet its data quality can fluctuate greatly during the arduous collection process, particularly via serial-sectioning. Fortunately, 3D EBSD data is inherently sequential, opening up the opportunity to use transformers, state-of-the-art deep learning architectures that have made breakthroughs in a plethora of domains, for data processing and recovery. To be more robust to errors and accelerate this 3D EBSD data collection, we introduce a two step method that recovers missing slices in an 3D EBSD volume, using an efficient transformer model and a projection algorithm to process the transformer’s outputs. Overcoming the computational and practical hurdles of deep learning with scarce high dimensional data, we train this model using only synthetic 3D EBSD data with self-supervision and obtain superior recovery accuracy on real 3D EBSD data, compared to existing methods.
Child-Directed Speech in Noise: Testing Signal- and Code-Based Phonetic Enhancement
Authors: Smith Nicholas A. , Hammans Christine A. , Vallier Timothy J. , McMurray Bob 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
Talkers adapt their speech according to the demands of their listeners and the communicative context, enhancing the properties of the signal (pitch, intensity) and/or properties of the code (enhancement of phonemic contrasts). This study asked how mothers adapt their child-directed speech (CDS) in ways that might serve the immediate goals of increasing intelligibility, as well as long-term goals of supporting speech and language development in their children.

Method:

Mothers (
N
= 28) participated in a real-time interactive speech production/perception paradigm, in which mothers instructed their young (3- to 5-year-old) children, or an adult listener, to select the picture corresponding to a target word. The task was performed at low and high levels (56 vs. 75 dB SPL) of background noise to examine the Lombard effects of decreased audibility on speech production.

Results:
Acoustic–phonetic analyses of CDS and adult-directed speech (ADS) productions of target words and carrier phrase (e.g., “Find pig”) revealed that mothers significantly enhanced the mean pitch, pitch variability, and intensity of target words in CDS, particularly at higher background noise levels and for younger children. Mothers produce CDS with a higher signal-to-noise ratio than ADS. However, limited evidence was found for phonetic enhancement of the segmental properties of speech. Although increased category separation was found in the voice onset time of stop consonants, decreased vowel category separation (an anti-enhancement effect) was observed in CDS.

Conclusions:
Mothers readily enhance the suprasegmental signal properties of their speech in CDS, but not the acoustic–phonetic properties of phonemes. This study fails to provide evidence of phonetic enhancement in preschool children in a dyadic communication task under noisy listening conditions.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24645423
Feeding Characteristics in Children With Food Allergies: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kefford Jennifer , Marshall Jeanne , Packer Rebecca L. , Ward Elizabeth C. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Food allergy (FA) affects approximately 8% of children and may be immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated or non-IgE-mediated. It is recognized clinically that children with both subtypes of FA may present with features of pediatric feeding disorder (PFD); however, there is currently a limited detail of presenting characteristics.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to synthesize the current evidence regarding the feeding characteristics of children with FA, with a focus on the feeding skills and psychosocial domains of PFD.

Method:
This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Papers published between 2001 and 2022 describing feeding characteristics in the feeding skills and psychosocial domains in children with FA/history of FA were included. Papers that focused solely on characteristics from the medical or nutritional domains were excluded. Descriptive information regarding demographics, methodology, allergy profile and history, and the characteristics of PFD observed was extracted using a preconceived data extraction form.

Results:

Overall, 40 papers contained descriptions of feeding characteristics of children with non-IgE-mediated FA (
n
= 22) and IgE-mediated FA (
n
= 11), while four were nonspecific. In the psychosocial domain, food refusal/aversion, anxiety with eating, and poor intake were the most frequently reported, regardless of FA subtype. Less information was reported regarding feeding skills, although slowness in eating, immature diet, and delays in oral sensory-motor skills were described.

Conclusions:
Children with FA/history of FA may present with a range of characteristics that map across the feeding skill and psychosocial domains of PFD. Systematic research is needed to fully describe the feeding characteristics of children with FA.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24562732
DNA Methylation Status of HYAL1 in Malignant and Benign
Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Li Mengxia , Yin Yifei , Zhang Minmin , Jiang Chenxia , Li Hong , Yang Rongxi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDifferentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules has been a challenge
in clinical practice. Exploring a novel biomarker to determine the malignancy of
thyroid nodules has important implications. We semi-quantitatively determined
the DNA methylation levels of four CpG sites located at the gene body of HYAL1
in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from 190 early-stage
papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cases and 190 age- and gender-matched subjects
with benign thyroid nodule (BTN). HYAL1 expression was evaluated by
immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in another cohort of 55 PTC and 55 matched
BTN cases. Covariates-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for 10% increased
methylation were calculated by binary logistic regression. A 165 bp
amplicon covering four CpG sites at the second exon of HYAL1 gene was designed.
After adjusted for all covariates, higher methylation level of HYAL1_CpG_3,4 in
the FFPE tissue was associated with PTC (OR per 10% increased
methylation=1.53, p=0.025), even with stage І PTC (OR
per 10% increased methylation=1.58, p=0.021).
Hypermethylation of HYAL1_CpG_3,4 had a significant association with early-stage
PTC in the females (OR per 10% increased methylation=1.60,
p=0.028) rather than in the males. Besides, we found the higher
expression of HYAL1 protein in PTC than that in BTN patients (IHC score: 2.3 vs.
0.5, p=1.00E-06). Our study suggested altered methylation and expression
of HYAL1 could be a novel and potential biomarker in distinguishing malignant
and benign thyroid nodules.