bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone healing around implants placed in a jaw defect augmented with Bio‐Oss®
Authors: Carmagnola D. , Berglundh T. , Araújo M. , Albrektsson T. , Lindhe J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe present experiment was carried out to study some tissue reactions around implants that were placed in an edentulous ridge which had been augmented with deproteinized natural bovine cancellous bone mineral. In 4 male beagle dogs, the premolars in the right side of the mandible were extracted and a large buccal ridge defect was created by mechanical means. The bone plate at the lingual aspect of the defect was left intact. 5 months later, the distal 2/3 of the defect area was augmented with Bio‐Oss® (Geistlich Sons Ltd, Wolhusen, Switzerland) mixed with a fibrin sealer (Tisseel®, Immuno AG, Vienna, Austria). After 3 months of healing, 3 fixtures (Astra Tech AB, Mölndal, Sweden; TiO‐blast; 8×3.5 mm) were installed in the mandible; 2 were placed in the augmented portion and 1 was placed in the non‐augmented portion of the defect. After a healing period of 3 months, abutment connection was performed and a plaque control period initiated. 4 months later, the dogs were sacrificed and each implant region was dissected. The tissue samples were dehydrated, embedded in plastic, sectioned in the bucco‐lingual plane and examined in the light microscope. It was observed that osseointegration failed to occur to implant surfaces within an alveolar ridge portion previously augmented with Bio‐Oss®. In the augmented portion of the crest, the graft particles were separated from the host tissue as well as from the implant by a well‐defined connective tissue capsule. Although the lingual aspect of all fixtures (test and control) was in contact with hard tissue at the time of installation, after 4 months of function, a deep vertical bone defect frequently had formed at the lingual surface of the implants. It was concluded that in this model (i) Bio‐Oss® failed to integrate with the host bone tissue and (ii) no osseointegration occurred to the implants within the augmented portion of the crest.
Serum antibody titers to Bacteroides forsythus in elderly subjects with gingivitis or periodontitis
Authors: Persson G. Rutger , Schlegel‐Bregenzer Bettina , Chung Whasun O. , Houston Laura , Oswald Teresa , Roberts Marilyn C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: The risks for periodontal disease appear to increase with age.Study purpose:To determine associations between clinical findings, the presence of specific bacteria in periodontal pockets, and serum antibody titers. 10 older subjects (mean age=73.0 years SD±4.9) with confirmed gingivitis only (gingivitis group) and 10 subjects with periodontitis (mean age: 76.1 years, SD±10.4) (periodontitis group) were studied.Results: The mean group differences for probing depth and clinical attachment levels were 4.1 mm and 5.6 mm, respectively, and were significantly different (p<0.001). Both groups had high plaque scores (>60% surfaces with plaque). DNA probes demonstrated that B. forsythus was present in 8/10 samples from the periodontitis group and in 7/10 samples from the gingivitis group. The B. forsythus isolates studied were found in four of the subjects with periodontitis and from 2 of the subjects with gingivitis. Serum antibody titers to 6 ribotypes of B. forsythus were studied. Western blots, gradient gels, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis concurrently demonstrated that the B. forsythus isolates were genotypically, and phenotypically unique for each subject. Antibody titers to two selected B. forsythus isolates were significantly higher in the periodontitis group (p<0.01, Mann‐Whitney test). The study confirmed that antibody serum titers to the six different ribotypes of B. forsythus varied greatly between older individuals with gingivitis or periodontitis. Not all strains of B. forsythus elicited higher titers in periodontitis affected subjects.Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest genotype variation of B. forsythus that is unique to the individual and that serotype variation can be expected. It is possible that B. forsythus under specific host conditions can modulate surface antigen factors to evade the host immune response.
Sulfate‐reducing bacteria in association with human periodontitis
Authors: Langendijk P. S. , Hanssen J. T. J. , Van der Hoeven J. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: Sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) may be etiologically involved in destructive periodontal diseases. These strictly anaerobic bacteria utilize fermentation products for energy conservation by reduction of sulfate to sulfide. This toxic product can accumulate in periodontal pockets in concentrations causing cellular destruction. SRB depend on an actively degrading microbiota to produce a reduced environment, fermentation products and sulfate. The detection frequency of these bacteria is strongly increased in periodontitis compared with healthy sites in the oral cavity.Method: In this study, the presence of SRB was determined in relation to clinical features of the patients and to site‐specific clinical parameters of periodontitis, such as pocket depth, bleeding and attachment level. Patients with clinical characteristics of severe periodontitis (n=87) were included in the study, 78 were untreated patients and 9 patients were in maintenance care after treatment. Samples were taken (n=261) from the deepest periodontal pockets, and presence of SRB was determined by enrichment culture in an anoxic chamber.Results: In 64% of the patients, SRB were present in at least 1 pocket. They occurred among patients from 23 to 57 years old, and tended to prevail among patients older than 30 years. There was a tendency to increased SRB occurrence among patients with more than 50% of bleeding sites, or with several angular bony defects or furcations. In 44% of the periodontal pockets SRB were present. They tended to prevail in pockets showing bleeding on probing, furcations, angular bony defects, or an endodontal complication. Presence of SRB was positively correlated with increased pocket depth (p<0.05). SRB were found to be associated with various clinical categories of periodontitis, including early onset periodontitis, rapidly progressive periodontitis, adult periodontitis, and refractory periodontitis. Although SRB predominated among patients with an adult form of periodontitis, i.e., with an occurrence of 72%, there was no significant correlation with age of the patient. Among treated patients under maintenance care, SRB prevalence was significantly reduced in comparison with untreated patients (p<0.02). Occurrence of SRB in periodontal pockets showed an odds ratio of 11.2 in comparison with healthy oral sites.Conclusion: Periodontal sulfate‐reducing bacteria are associated with several clinical categories of periodontitis and with periodontal sites of increased pocket depth.
A study to assess the plaque inhibitory action of a new zinc citrate toothpaste formulation
Authors: Moran J. , Addy M. , Corry D. , Newcombe R. G. , Haywood J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: Zinc‐citrate‐containing toothpastes have previously been suggested to be of value at inhibiting plaque and gingival inflammation. Present formulations have included triclosan which is thought to contribute major antibacterial/antiplaque effects. Alternative antimicrobial agents and other ingredients such as oils could help to produce equally effective formulations. The aim of this study was to determine whether zinc citrate toothpastes containing bromochlorophene and a triglyceride oil (1% and 8%) could inhibit de novo plaque formation.Methods: Toothpaste slurry rinses were used over a 96‐h period by 24 volunteers, whilst omitting all other oral hygiene procedures. For comparative purposes, a conventional commercial fluoride control toothpaste was also used in this triple cross‐over double blind study.Results: After 24 and 48 h, there were no statistically significant differences in plaque between the 2 test pastes and the control paste, whether assessed using a plaque index or plaque area. After 96 h, however, a significant reduction in plaque score of 10.6% and 24.2% in plaque area (both p<0.001) was found for the zinc citrate/1% oil toothpaste compared to the control paste. In addition, at 96 h, the 8% oil toothpaste significantly reduced plaque score compared to the control paste by 4.3% (p=0.029).Conclusions: These findings would appear to warrant further investigation into the potential value of the zinc citrate/bromochlorophene/triglyceride formulation at inhibiting both plaque and gingival inflammation.
Longitudinal periodontal tissue alterations during supportive therapy
Authors: Rosling B. , Serino G. , Hellström M.‐K. , Socransky S. S. , Lindhe J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: The aim of the study was to evaluate disease progression during supportive periodontal therapy in (i) a group of 225 subjects with “normal” (NG) and (ii) a group with high susceptibility (HSG; n=109) to periodontal disease (based on their baseline disease status).Material and methods: The following variables were recorded at the baseline examination (1 year after they received non‐surgical periodontal therapy) and at the re‐examination after 12 years of maintenance: number of teeth, plaque, probing pocket depth, probing attachment level, bone level in full mouth radiographs. All assessments were performed in a standardized manner and by well‐trained and calibrated examiners. Supportive periodontal therapy was delivered 3–4 × per year and included repeated oral hygiene instruction and debridement. In addition, sites that bled on probing and had a PPD value of 5 mm received subgingival instrumentation.Results: A comparison between the findings at baseline and after 12 years revealed that in the NG, most subjects maintained their periodontal condition unchanged during the maintenance period; only a few subjects experienced tooth loss and the figures describing the mean amount of bone and attachment loss were small (0.5 mm and 0.3 mm respectively). The HSG patients experienced some tooth loss and also lost significant amounts of bone and attachment during the 12 years of SPT. Thus, in this group of subjects, the mean overall PAL loss amounted to 0.8 mm, i.e., 0.06 mm/tooth surface/year. In the NG, the overall attachment loss was significantly smaller: 0.5 mm, i.e. 0.04 mm/tooth surface/year.Conclusion: In subjects with a high susceptibility for periodontal disease who had been treated for this condition by non‐surgical means, an SPT program including regularly repeated oral hygiene instruction and subgingival debridement, made it possible to maintain bone and attachment levels at a reasonably stable level over a 12‐year period. A similar SPT provided to a group of subjects with normal susceptibility to periodontal disease, on the other hand, prevented almost entirely major tooth, bone and attachment loss.
Plaque removal with the uninstructed use of electric toothbrushes: comparison with a manual brush and toothpaste slurry
Authors: Renton‐Harper P. , Addy M. , Newcombe R. G. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background: Individuals purchasing electric toothbrushes for the 1st time will mostly only have the manufacturer’s instructional leaflet for information of usage.Aims: This study was designed to simulate the 1st‐time purchase and early use of an electric toothbrush with the aim of comparing plaque removal with a manual toothbrush. Secondary aims were to assess chemical plaque removal effects of a toothpaste slurry and to compare between 2 electric brushes which differed only in head speed.Methods: A group of 16 dentate subjects participated in this single‐examiner blind, randomised, crossover design balanced for residual effects. Subjects had “average” oral hygiene and had never used an electric toothbrush previously. 7 days prior to the study, all subjects received the slower oscillating rotating toothbrush under test to use at home as they wished. The test treatments were brushing with 2 oscillating rotating electric toothbrushes, a manual toothbrush and a rinse with a toothpaste slurry (3 g/10 ml water). On day 1 of each study period, subjects were rendered plaque‐free, suspended oral hygiene and returned on day 5. Plaque was scored at baseline by index and area and after 30 s, 30 s (total 60 s) and 60 s (total 120 s) of the cleaning treatments. Washout periods were at least 2 &frac12; days.Results: Highly significant treatment differences were found between the 4 treatments because the toothpaste slurry was totally without effect. Analyses between the 3 brush treatments overall revealed no consistent significant differences. The data suggest that in the early days of electric toothbrush use, subjects perform no better than using a manual brush.Conclusions: The present study, taken with results from others showing greater benefits from the use of electric brushes, supports the idea that dental professionals should, where possible, provide advice and instruction in the use of such devices.
Marginal bone loss around implants retaining hinging mandibular overdentures, at 4‐, 8‐ and 12‐years follow‐up
Authors: Steenberghe Daniel van , Quirynen Marc , Naert Ignace , Maffei Gaia , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: The aim of the present study was to study the effect of occlusal factors, oral hygiene, gender and age on the long‐term maintenance of alveolar bone height around screw‐shaped machined surface commercially pure (c.p.) titanium implants retaining hinging mandibular overdentures.Method: In this retrospective study a long‐term (4‐, 8‐, up to 12‐years) follow‐up of such implant‐retained overdentures was performed. From the population of patients so treated at the University Hospital of the Catholic University Leuven, Department of Periodontology and Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, 158 patients were selected on the basis of being treated before March 1994, and the availability of intra‐oral radiographs (paralleling technique) present at abutment connection (baseline) and at years 4, 8, and 12. For each patient, all relevant clinical data were recorded, and measurements of marginal bone height around the implants were performed on intra‐oral radiographs by means of a digital sliding calliper.Results: Results indicated that only the factor “time” had a significant influence on marginal bone loss. The age and gender of the patients, dental/prosthetic status in the antagonistic jaw, oral hygiene variables, and location of the implants had no significant effect.Conclusion: The very high cumulative success rate (97.2%) and limited marginal bone loss (on average 1.7 mm) after 12‐years, encourage this kind of treatment using this type of implants.
Orofacial granulomatosis with gingival onset
Authors: Mignogna Michele D. , Fedele Stefano , Lo Russo Lucio , Lo Muzio Lorenzo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a descriptive term used for granulomatous disorders of the face and oral cavity that may occur for a variety of reasons, some of which result in significant morbidity and mortality. Although rarely, a granular enlargements of the gingiva may be the first clinical manifestation of OFG, preceding other local or systemic manifestations.Method: We will report a case of OFG that showed an atypical and monosymptomatic onset with a generalized hyperplastic gingivitis that preceeded other facial and mucosal features by several weeks.Result:Considering the variable clinical onset of OFG and its apparent increase in incidence, we emphasize that in some cases, the periodontologist, as first consulted health care professional, plays an important role to detect this disorder. Early diagnosis of OFG is a crucial step to prevent and cure its unsightly sequelae and sometimes avoid progression of systemic potentially life‐threatening OFG‐related diseases.Conclusion: Thus, when none of the common causes of gingival enlargement can be detected, OFG diagnosis should be suspected.
On the symmetry of periodontal disease
Authors: Mombelli Andrea , Meier Claudia 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aim: Symmetry is a common feature of biological systems, and can be observed in multiple aspects of the human body. The purpose of this study was to estimate the impact of symmetry on variance observed in intraoral topographic distribution patterns of chronic periodontitis.Method: This analysis was performed on a data set from 56 subjects, including clinical and microbiological variables, recorded at the mesial and distal aspect of every tooth in the entire dentition. The impact of contralateral conditions was determined on the level of the site, the tooth, and the quadrant.Results: Significant correlations were detected between probing depths, recession, attachment levels, total cultivable bacterial counts and the plaque index recorded on the right and left side on all levels of analysis. The odds for bleeding on sampling, as well as for the presence of P. intermedia/nigrescens and A. actinomycetemcomitans increased significantly if the respective contralateral site was positive for the same parameter. In combining ipsilateral and contralateral parameters into the analysis it could be shown in several instances that this contralateral effect was stronger than the impact of other, ipsilateral factors. As an example, the odds for bleeding on sampling increased up to 10 fold if the contralateral site was bleeding, whereas the ipsilateral total cultivable count, determined at the same site, explained less than 30% of the variation in the bleeding tendency.Conclusion: These findings support the view that the development of periodontal disease in any site cannot be explained by the influence of local detrimental factors alone.
Utilisation of locally delivered doxycycline in non‐surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis
Authors: Wennström Jan L. , Newman Hubert N. , MacNeill Simon R. , Killoy William J. , Griffiths Gareth S. , Gillam David G. , Krok Lena , Needleman Ian G. , Weiss Gina , Garrett Steven 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: In the present 6‐month multicentre trial, the outcome of 2 different approaches to non‐surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis, both involving the use of a locally delivered controlled‐release doxycycline, was evaluated.Material and methods: 105 adult patients with moderately advanced chronic periodontitis from 3 centres participated in the trial. Each patient had to present with at least 8 periodontal sites in 2 jaw quadrants with a probing pocket depth (PPD) of 5 mm and bleeding following pocket probing (BoP), out of which at least 2 sites had to be 7 mm and a further 2 sites 6 mm. Following a baseline examination, including assessments of plaque, PPD, clinical attachment level (CAL) and BoP, careful instruction in oral hygiene was given. The patients were then randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: scaling/root planing (SRP) with local analgesia or debridement (supra‐ and subgingival ultrasonic instrumentation without analgesia). The “SRP” group received a single episode of full‐mouth supra‐/subgingival scaling and root planing under local analgesia. In addition, at a 3‐month recall visit, a full‐mouth supra‐/subgingival debridement using ultrasonic instrumentation was provided. This was followed by subgingival application of an 8.5% w/w doxycycline polymer at sites with a remaining PPD of 5 mm. The patients of the “debridement” group were initially subjected to a 45‐minute full‐mouth debridement with the use of an ultrasonic instrument and without administration of local analgesia, and followed by application of doxycycline in sites with a PPD of 5 mm. At month 3, sites with a remaining PPD of 5 mm were subjected to scaling and root planing. Clinical re‐examinations were performed at 3 and 6 months.Results: At 3 months, the proportion of sites showing PPD of 4 mm was significantly higher in the “debridement” group than in the “SRP” group (58% versus 50%; p<0.05). The CAL gain at 3 months amounted to 0.8 mm in the “debridement” group and 0.5 mm in the “SRP” group (p=0.064). The proportion of sites demonstrating a clinically significant CAL gain (2 mm) was higher in the “debridement” group than in the “SRP” group (38% versus 30%; p<0.05). At the 6‐month examination, no statistically significant differences in PPD or CAL were found between the two treatment groups. BoP was significantly lower for the “debridement” group than for the “SRP” group (p<0.001) both at 3‐ and 6 months. The mean total treatment time (baseline and 3‐month) for the “SRP” patients was 3:11 h, compared to 2:00 h for the patients in the “debridement” group (p<0.001).Conclusion: The results indicate that simplified subgingival instrumentation combined with local application of doxycycline in deep periodontal sites can be considered as a justified approach for non‐surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Effect of nicotine‐treated epithelial cells on the proliferation and collagen production of gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Giannopoulou Catherine , Roehrich Nicolas , Mombelli Andrea 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: Several in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that tobacco smoking may be an important risk factor for the development and severity of inflammatory periodontal disease.Method: In the present study, we developed an in vitro model to study the interactions between nicotine‐treated epithelial cells (EC) and gingival fibroblasts (GF) derived from the same patient. EC were treated with nicotine concentrations varying from 1 μg/ml to 500 μg/ml and their effect on different functions of GF was studied. The proliferation of GF was evaluated by the incorporation of 3H‐thymidine. A dose‐dependent inhibition was observed with nicotine concentrations 100 μg/ml. Similar results were observed when studying the total protein synthesis of GF by incorporation of 3H‐proline into non‐dialyzable material.Results: When collagen production was evaluated by 3H‐proline incorporation into collagenase‐sensitive protein, a dose‐dependent reduction was observed: the degree of inhibition varied from 25% with 50 μg/ml nicotine, to almost 60% with 500 μg/ml. Interestingly, the production of non‐collagenous proteins decreased by almost 50% only when EC were treated with the highest concentration of nicotine.Conclusions: The results suggest that epithelial cells, acting as mechanical barrier, can reduce but not completely eliminate the deleterious effect of nicotine on gingival fibroblasts.