bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching for Feminism: An Analysis of Community Psychology Literature Relevant to Women's Concerns
Authors: Angelique Holly L. , Culley Marci R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractArticles published in both the American Journal of Community Psychology and Journal of Community Psychology, from their inception in 1973 through 1997, were content analyzed for women relevance, diversity, feminism, and historical change. Overall, 9.8% of the articles reviewed ($of1$N = 2,178) were considered women relevant, 4% recognized diversity among women, and 3% were considered feminist. There was an average yearly increase in women‐relevant and feminist articles from 7.3 pre‐1990 to 11.2 post‐1990, and 1.6 pre‐1990 to 4.6 post‐1990, respectively. Overall, mental health and motherhood were the most addressed content areas. Among feminist articles, gender roles and violence against women were most salient. Race and SES were the most noted issues of diversity in both women‐relevant and feminist articles. While an increase in feminist publications by both journals is promising, stereotypes of women and other oppressed groups continue to be perpetuated.
Stories of Relative Privilege: Power and Social Change in Feminist Community Psychology
Authors: Mulvey Anne , Terenzio Marion , Hill Jean , Bond Meg A. , Huygens Ingrid , Hamerton Heather R. , Cahill Sharon 
Published: December 2002

AbstractStories about community work in New Zealand and Scotland are presented to describe and reflect on issues central to feminist community psychology. Organizing a lesbian festival, Ingrid Huygens describes feminist processes used to equalize resources across Maori (indigenous) and Pakeha (white) groups. Heather Hamerton presents her experiences as a researcher using collective memory work to reflect on adolescent experiences related to gender, ethnicity, and class. Sharon Cahill chronicles dilemmas and insights from focus groups about anger with women living in public housing in Scotland. Each story chronicles experiences related to oppression and privilege, and describes the author's emotions and reflections. Individually and collectively, the stories illustrate the potential offered by narrative methods and participatory processes for challenging inequalities and encouraging social justice.
Coping, Conflictual Social Interactions, Social Support, and Mood Among HIV‐Infected Persons
Authors: Fleishman John A. , Sherbourne Cathy Donald , Crystal Stephen , Collins Rebecca L. , Marshall Grant N. , Kelly Mark , Bozzette Samuel A. , Shapiro Martin F. , Hays Ron D. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study considers the interrelationships among coping, conflictual social interactions, and social support, as well as their combined associations with positive and negative mood. Research has shown that each of these variables affects adjustment to stressful circumstances. Few studies, however, examine this full set of variables simultaneously. One hundred forty HIV‐infected persons completed a questionnaire containing measures of coping, social support, conflictual social interactions, and positive and negative mood. Factor analyses showed that perceived social support and conflictual social interactions formed separate factors and were not strongly related. Compared to perceived social support, social conflict was more strongly related to coping behaviors, especially to social isolation, anger, and wishful thinking. Conflictual social interactions were more strongly related to negative mood than was perceived social support. Coping by withdrawing socially was significantly related to less positive and greater negative mood. The findings point to the importance of simultaneously considering coping, supportive relationships, and conflictual relationships in studies of adjustment to chronic illness. In particular, a dynamic may occur in which conflictual social interactions and social isolation aggravate each other and result in escalating psychological distress.
Moving Beyond the Illness: Factors Contributing to Gaining and Maintaining Employment
Authors: Cunningham Kiran , Wolbert Randall , Brockmeier Mary Beth 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe work presented here, exploratory in nature, uses a comparative and qualitative approach to understand the factors associated with the ability of individuals with severe and persistent mental illness to successfully gain and maintain employment. Based on open‐ended interviews with individuals in an Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) program, we compare the experiences of those who have been successful gaining and maintaining employment, with those who have been successful gaining but not maintaining work, and those who have been unsuccessful gaining employment. The three groups seemed to differ in three significant ways: (1) in the ways the individuals talked about their illness, (2) in the ways the individuals talked about work, and (3) in the strategies they described for coping with bad days. In each of these areas individuals' awareness of and attitude toward their illness was significant. The findings have clear implications for agencies working to help people with severe and persistent mental illness obtain and maintain employment.
Neighborhood Disorder, Fear, and Mistrust: The Buffering Role of Social Ties with Neighbors
Authors: Ross Catherine E. , Jang Sung Joon 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis paper proposes that individuals who report that they live in neighborhoods characterized by disorder—by crime, vandalism, graffiti, danger, noise, dirt, and drugs—have high levels of fear and mistrust. It further proposes that an individual's alliances and connections with neighbors can buffer the negative effects of living in a neighborhood characterized by disorder on fear and mistrust. Results from a representative sample of 2482 Illinois residents collected by telephone in 1995 support the propositions. Living in a neighborhood with a lot of perceived disorder significantly affects mistrust and the fear of victimization, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Perceived neighborhood disorder and social ties significantly interact: informal social ties with neighbors reduce the fear‐ and mistrust‐producing effects of disorder. However, formal participation in neighborhood organizations shows little buffering effect.
Feminist Approaches to Social Science: Epistemological and Methodological Tenets
Authors: Campbell Rebecca , Wasco Sharon M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis paper is a primer for community psychologists on feminist research. Much like the field of community psychology, feminist scholarship is defined by its values and process. Informed by the political ideologies of the 1970s women's movement (liberal, radical, socialist feminism, and womanism), feminist scholars reinterpreted classic concepts in philosophy of science to create feminist epistemologies and methodologies. Feminist epistemologies, such as feminist empiricism, standpoint theory, and postmodernism, recognize women's lived experiences as legitimate sources of knowledge. Feminist methodologies attempt to eradicate sexist bias in research and find ways to capture women's voices that are consistent with feminist ideals. Practically, the process of feminist research is characterized by four primary features: (1) expanding methodologies to include both quantitative and qualitative methods, (2) connecting women for group‐level data collection, (3) reducing the hierarchical relationship between researchers and their participants to facilitate trust and disclosure, and (4) recognizing and reflecting upon the emotionality of women's lives. Recommendations for how community psychologists can integrate feminist scholarship into their practice are discussed.
Mutation prevalence among 47 unrelated Japanese patients with Gaucher disease: identification of four novel mutations
Authors: Ida H. , Rennert O. M. , Kawame H. , Maekawa K. , Eto Y. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractUtilizing PCR and PCR‐SSCP analysis we investigated the prevalence of glucocerebrosidase gene mutations in 47 unrelated Japanese patients with Gaucher disease. Sixty alleles (63.8%) and 20 alleles (21.3%) were identified by analysis for common mutations and PCR‐SSCP analysis, respectively. The L444P and F213I mutations were common, accounting for 41 alleles (43.6%) and 14 alleles (14.9%). R496C, D409H, S366G and 1447‐1466 del ins TG mutations were identified in 5, 3, 3 and 3 alleles, respectively. The other mutations were unique. In spite of vigorous screening, 14 alleles (14.9%) could not be identified. Four novel mutations were identified by PCR‐SSCP analysis: G189V, S366G, K413Q and R433G. These data indicate that besides the L444P mutation no other frequent mutation is present and there is broad heterogeneity of the glucocerebrosidase gene mutations in Japanese patients with Gaucher disease.
Essential fatty acids in clinically stable children with propionic acidaemia
Authors: Decsi T. , Sperl W. , Koletzko B. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractDisturbances of fatty acid metabolism with accumulation of odd‐chain fatty acids have been reported in propionic acidaemia (PA). It is not known whether the synthesis of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) is also affected. In five clinically stable children with PA (median age 8 years, range 3.5‐9.5 years; median percentage fibroblast propionyl‐CoA carboxylase activity 0.8, range 0.8‐1.5), we determined the fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids, triglycerides and sterol esters and compared the results with those of 18 age‐matched healthy controls. Odd‐numbered fatty acids were found in all samples of PA patients but in controls median values were zero. Percentage contributions of substrate (linoleic acid, C18:2 ω‐6) and principal product (arachidonic acid, C20:4 ω‐6) of ω‐6 LCPUFA synthesis did not differ between patients and controls. Similarly, there were no differences between both groups in the substrate (α‐linolenic acid, C18:3 ω‐3) and principal product (docosahexaenoic acid, C22:6 ω‐3) of ω‐3 LCPUFA formation. We conclude that disturbances of fatty acid metabolism in clinically stable children with PA do not affect LCPUFA synthesis.
Cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA depletion in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Marin‐Garcia J. , Ananthakrishnan R. , Goldenthal M. J. , Filiano J. J. , Perez‐Atayde A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAbnormalities in specific mitochondrial respiratory enzymes and DNA (mtDNA) have been reported in cardiomyopathy. In this study, we report 4 cases of severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in which specific cardiac mitochondrial enzyme activity defects were found, including complex I (n = 2), complex III (n = 2), complex IV (n = 2) and complex V (n = 1). Other abnormalities were also noted including a marked depletion of mtDNA (n = 1) and decreased content of subunit 2 of cytochrome c oxidase (n = 1). None of the mtDNA point mutations and common deletions previously found in association with cardiomyopathy were detected in these patients. These data indicate that specific respiratory enzyme activity defects are frequently present in HCM. Also, our finding of a marked depletion of mtDNA in 1 patient suggests that cardiac mtDNA depletion, previously unreported in HCM, needs further examination in order to establish whether it plays a primary role in its pathogenesis.
The role of vitamins in the pathogenesis and treatment of hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia
Authors: Ubbink J. B. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe relation between vitamin nutritional status and circulating plasma homocyst(e)ine concentrations is reviewed. Several studies have shown that plasma concentrations of folate, vitamin B12 and pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate are inversely associated with plasma total homocyst(e)ine concentrations. Of the three vitamins mentioned above, folate is the most powerful homocyst(e)ine lowering agent and a daily supplement of 0.65 mg/day is sufficient to normalize moderate hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia in most individuals with normal renal function. In patients with severe renal failure, high doses of folate are required to treat hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia. Folic acid is ineffective in reducing plasma total homocyst(e)ine concentrations in patients with a vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B6 supplementation has no effect on fasting plasma total homocyst(e)ine concentrations, but attenuates the post‐methionine load plasma homocyst(e)ine peak.At least one report has shown that some individuals appear to be unable to maintain plasma total homocyst(e)ine concentrations in the normal reference range by a dietary intake of folic acid only. Long‐term vitamin supplementation may be indicated in these individuals. However, the clinical benefit of vitamin supplementation has not yet been demonstrated and controlled trials are urgently required.
Metabolic control and renal dysfunction in type I glycogen storage disease
Authors: Wolfsdorf J. I. , Laffel L. M. B. , Crigler J. F. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study was undertaken to determine the effect on renal function of continuous glucose therapy from early childhood. Twenty‐three subjects, median age 13.9 years, range 5.9‐26.9 years, with type I glycogen storage disease (GSDI) treated with continuous glucose therapy from a median age of 1.3 years, range 0.1‐12.9 years, had 24 h monitoring of metabolites and glucoregulatory hormones on their home feeding regimen to assess metabolic control at approximately yearly intervals for a median duration of 8 years. During the most recent evaluation, 24 h urinary albumin excretion rate (AER), kidney size, and creatinine clearance (Ccr) were measured.CCr was unrelated to age and was increased (>2.33 ml/s per 1.73 m2) in 10/23 (43%). Mean kidney length exceeded 2SD in 16/23 (70%). AER was normal in all five subjects < 10 years and was increased (> 10 µg/min) in 8/23 (35%), all > 10 years of age. AER was significantly greater in subject of similar age who started continuous glucose therapy later in childhood and was significantly higher in subjects with lower mean 24 h plasma glucose concentrations and higher mean 24 h blood lactate concentrations, both at the time of assessment of renal function and over the preceding 5 years.GSDI subjects with persistently elevated concentrations of blood lactate, serum lipids and uric acid are at increased risk of nephropathy. Optimal dietary therapy instituted early in life may delay, prevent, or slow the progression of renal disease.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency and absence of subunit X
Authors: De Meirleir L. , Lissens W. , Benelli C. , Marsac C. , De Klerk J. , Scholte J. , Van Diggelen O. , Kleijer W. , Seneca S. , Liebaers I. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) is a multienzyme complex consisting of three catalytic and two regulatory enzymes, as well as a less well defined subunit called protein X. PDHc deficiency is a common cause of congenital lactic acidosis. Most patients with PDH deficiency have a mutation in the α chain of the PDH E1 enzyme. Very few patients have been described in whom the basic defect of a PDH deficiency is situated in the X protein. We studied a boy with severe lactic acidosis and developmental delay in whom a deficiency of PDH activity led to further investigations. Immunochemical analysis with anti‐PDHc antibodies demonstrated an absence of the X component. This report is the fourth family in which an abnormal protein X has been found. In cases with PDH deficiency where no mutation of the PDHE1α gene is found, further investigations by means of immunoblotting with specific antibodies against the different subunits should be performed.
Neurological dysfunction in methylmalonic acidaemia is probably related to the inhibitory effect of methylmalonate on brain energy production
Authors: Wajner M. , Coelho J.C. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractMethylmalonic acidaemia is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by a severe deficiency of the activity of the enzyme L‐methylmalonyl‐CoA mutase or its cofactor 5′‐deoxyadenosylcobalamin, resulting in tissue accumulation of large quantities of methylmalonic acid. Among the various clinical features, neurological symptoms are frequently observed. Patients may present cerebral atrophy and basal ganglia abnormalities are common. In the present report, we update the current knowledge on the influence of methylmalonic acid on brain metabolism in the hope of better understanding the neurological dysfunction characteristic of methylmalonic acidaemia. We present evidence showing that the metabolite inhibits brain energy production by various mechanisms and propose that a fall in cellular ATP generation leading to excitotoxicity is crucial for the occurrence of the neurological damage observed in these patients.
Intragenic complementation at the argininosuccinate lyase locus: Reconstruction of the active site
Authors: Howell P. L. , Turner M. A. , Christodoulou J. , Walker D. C. , Craig H. J. , Simard L. R. , Ploder L. , McInnes R. R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIntragenic complementation has been observed at the argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) locus and the ASL alleles in the ASL‐deficient cell strains of two complementation phenotypes have been identified. The frequent complementers, strains that participate in the majority of the complementation events, were found to be either homozygous or heterozygous for the Q286R allele, while the high‐activity complementers, those strains in which complementation is associated with a high restoration of activity, were found to be either homozygous or heterozygous for the D87G allele. Direct proof of the intragenic complementation observed at the ASL locus has been obtained with the co‐expression of the D87G and Q286R alleles in COS cells. A significant increase in the ASL activity was observed when the two alleles were co‐expressed relative to the expression of each mutant allele alone. The increase in activity was comparable to that observed previously in the fibroblast complementation studies. The structure determinations of ASL and the homologous eye lens protein, duck δII crystallin, have revealed that the active site of ASL is made up of residues from three different monomers. The structural mapping of the Q286 and D87 residues shows that both are located near the active site but that, in any one active site, each is contributed by a different monomer. The molecular symmetry of the ASL protein is such that when mutant monomers combine randomly, one active site will contain both mutations and at least one active site will contain no mutations at all. It is these ‘native’ active sites in the hybrid Q286R/D87G proteins that give rise to the partial recovery of enzymatic activity observed during intragenic complementation.
Mucolipidosis type IV: Abnormal transport of lipids to lysosomes
Authors: Bargal R. , Bach G. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractMucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is a lysosomal storage disorder in which various phospholipids and gangliosides accumulate. The cause of this storage has not yet been identified. Loading experiments in cultured fibroblasts with radioactive phosphatidylcholine ([14C]PC) labelled either in the acyl groups or in the choline residue, indicated increased retention of this lipid in the lysosomes of these patients. Chase experiments in intact fibroblasts, on the other hand, indicated normal degradation and discharge of the radioactive PC in MLIV lysosomes. This was further supported by measurements of the degradation of [14C]PC by isolated lysosomes which indicated normal breakdown of PC in MLIV. Cultured fibroblasts from Hunter (MPSII) patients, which contain enlarged and numerous lysosomes, did not store [14C]PC when compared to normal controls, indicating that the storage of this lipid in MLIV is not a secondary phenomenon caused by the presence of enlarged and numerous lysosomes in these cells. Incubation of [14C]PC at 18°C limits the endocytosis process only up to early endosomes. This temperature did not yield increased retention of [14C]PC in MLIV, indicating that accumulation occurs only after the PC reached late endosomes or the lysosomes.The data indicate that PC as well as other phospholipids and gangliosides accumulate in MLIV apparently owing to a defect in the endocytosis process of membranous components. This defect apparently leads to excessive transportation of these macromolecules into lysosomes rather than their recycling to the plasma membrane. The endocytosis of membrane components is different from receptor‐mediated endocytosis which is not affected in MLIV. Once the membrane macromolecules reach the lysosomes in MLIV they are normally catabolized and normally discharged. This may explain the heterogeneity of the stored materials in MLIV. The normal catabolism of macromolecules in the lysosomes is reflected in the minor deterioration in the clinical manifestations of these patients.
Disorders of homocysteine metabolism
Authors: Fowler B. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis review of recent advances covers (1) the metabolism of methionine and its regulation, emphasizing interactions with the three important vitamins folate, cobalamin and pyridoxine; (2) present knowledge of enzymological and molecular‐genetic aspects of homozygous deficiencies of the three enzymes which cause elevated homocyst(e)ine; (3) recent clinical findings, post‐methionine loading results related to enzyme and mutation studies in obligate heterozygotes for cystathionine β‐synthase deficiency; (4) important new evidence for disturbed homocysteine metabolism in neural tube defects, particularly based on studies of the thermolabile methylene‐tetrahydrofolate reductase mutation which is also of importance in vascular disease; (5) the suitability and limitations of animal models that have so far been described.
The natural history of vascular disease in homocystinuria and the effects of treatment
Authors: Wilcken D. E. L. , Wilcken B. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAmong 40 patients with homocystinuria due to cystathionine β‐synthase deficiency diagnosed in the state of New South Wales, Australia (population 6 million) and followed long‐term, there were 10 deaths at ages 2‐30 years. Of these 8 were definite vascular deaths, one was a presumed vascular death, and the other was due to an accident and unrelated to homocystinuria. The vascular deaths were all early cases and only one patient, a pyridoxine‐responsive 30‐year‐old woman, had been prescribed adequate treatment although it was uncertain that she was taking it.In 32 patients of mean age 30 years (range 9‐66 years) there were 539 patient‐years of treatment with pyridoxine, folic acid and hydroxocobalamin. There were 17 pyridoxine‐responsive patients and all maintained plasma total free homocyst(e)ine levels <200µmol/L over an average treatment period of 16.6 years. The 15 non‐responsive patients received additionally 6‐9 g of betaine daily. This resulted in a further 74% mean decline (±14% SD) in plasma total free homocyst(e)ine, persisting during an average (post‐betaine) treatment period of 11 years; current mean ± SD levels are 33 ± 17 µmol/L (n=15).There were two vascular events during treatment, one fatal pulmonary embolus (see above) and one myocardial infarction, whereas without treatment, 21 would have been expected, χ2 = 14.22, p = 0.0001, relative risk 0.09 (95% CI 0.02‐0.38). There were no events during 258 patient‐years of treatment in the 15 pyridoxine‐nonresponsive patients (p<0.005 versus expected untreated). Nineteen patients had a total of 19 major and 15 minor operations requiring anaesthetic, and three had successful pregnancies, one whilst receiving betaine. There were no thromboembolic complications.We conclude that treatment which effectively lowers circulating homocyst(e)ine, even to suboptimal levels, markedly reduces cardiovascular risk in patients with cystathionine β‐synthase deficiency, and that betaine therapy contributes importantly to this in pyridoxine‐nonresponsive patients. Betaine as additional therapy is safe and effective for at least 16 years.