bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil Salinization May Trigger Mercury Mobilisation from Contaminated Soils and Sediment
Authors: Contin Marco , Tomat Stefano , Pellegrini Elisa , De Nobili Maria , Mauri Mara , Horvat Milena 
Published: October 2023

Mercury (Hg) contamination of soils is a concerning issue worldwide due to its high toxicity and risk to human health. Source of contamination, chemical form and environmental conditions affect its mobility and hence bioavailability. Contaminated coastal soils, could potentially become hotspots of Hg re-mobilisation, because of simultaneous flooding and salinization caused by sea level rise as a consequence of climate change.
The aim of our work was to assess changes in Hg solubility in soils and sediments, with different type of Hg contamination, after exposure to salt and flood stresses.
A soil contaminated by mining activity (mainly cinnabar-Hg) and a sediment heavily contaminated by a chlor-alkali plant (mainly elemental Hg) were collected from North-East Italy. Mercury speciation was performed either by Thermal Desorption (TD) or by a Sequential Extraction Procedure (SEP) to quantify operationally defined binding forms (soluble, exchangeable, bound to Mn or Fe oxides, bound to organic matter, non-cinnabar and cinnabar Hg forms).
A bench top simulation with 0 to 32.8 g l-1 salt solution was carried out in microcosms filled with contaminated soil or sediment, to characterize flood effects on Hg mobility. Soils were kept submerged for different inundation periods (1, 7 and 30 days). After the flooding treatment, a rain event was simulated using artificial rain water. Solubilised Hg of each flood and each leaching treatment was measured by ICP-MS.
Thermal desorption showed the presence of two main forms of Hg: organic bound Hg and HgS. The cinnabar-Hg peak was largely prevalent in the mine-contaminated soil, whereas the organic-bound-Hg peak was prevalent in the chlor-alkali contaminated sediment. This difference was confirmed by the liquid SEP speciation.
Hg mobility increased with increasing salinity and flooding time. The effect of salt concentration was more pronounced for longer flooding periods. After 1 day of inundation, the amount of solubilised Hg was negligible, but after 7 days flooding Hg levels in the highest saline solution reached up to 0.9 and 9.3 µg Hg L-1 in the soil and in the sediment simulations, respectively. The mobility of Hg increased substantially after 30 days, and was about 22 times in the soil (19.8 µg Hg L-1) and 10 times in the sediment (89.8 µg Hg L-1) compared to the background level.
Our results show a potential risk of Hg re-mobilization from contaminated coastal soils and sediments as consequence of sea level rise and their consequent salinization.
Construire au Xe siècle. Châteaux et lieux de culte
Authors: Phalip Bruno 
Published: October 2023

En histoire de l’art, la question du Xe siècle en Auvergne a peu intéressé, sauf peut-être dans le domaine de l’enluminure et des arts précieux. Le paysage monumental existant et construit dans le courant du Xe siècle – châteaux et églises finalement assez nombreux – peut pourtant être envisagé par l’historien de l’art sous l’angle des lieux de pouvoir, parallèlement à l’investissement des moyens économiques, à la question des matériaux (eau, sable, chaux, pierre, bois, métaux…), des machines de levage et moyens de transport, des outils et à celle des hommes plus ou moins qualifiés et encadrés. Un très lent mouvement de régularisation et de rationalisation est perceptible dans l’organisation du travail, mais dans le seul cadre du chantier de construction ecclésiastique – une lente prise de pouvoir du tailleur de pierre, au détriment du maçon et du charpentier. Les changements technologiques (outillage élargi et marteau-taillant du tailleur de pierre, allègement de la mécanisation du chantier), accompagnent une forme d’affaiblissement de l’encadrement. Dans leurs étapes, les plus grands chantiers se structurent à partir du travail du tailleur de pierre, en fin de période. L’église, centre de pouvoir, porte alors les germes de l’émancipation d’ouvriers qualifiés.
Marteau-taillant et bretture, taille de pierre, forces productives et moyens de production dans les diocèses centraux de la France capétienne (Limoges, le Puy, Clermont et Nevers ; fin Xe-début XIIIe siècle)
Authors: Phalip Bruno 
Published: October 2023

Entre la fin du Xe et le XIIIe siècle, on entrevoit dans les diocèses centraux de la France capétienne des liens indéniables entre phases de régularisation de la taille de pierre et vitesse d’exécution. Si les matériaux imposés ou choisis conservent leur importance, l’efficacité conditionne progressivement une productivité accrue. Ce rapport entre efficacité et rationalité des gestes se traduit par des transferts de technologies, liés à la taille de pierre, à sa mise en œuvre, comme aux modules choisis. Les techniques antiques puis alto-médiévales inspirent le travail des ouvriers qualifiés des XIe et XIIe siècles. Dès le milieu du XIIe siècle, avant même la conquête royale du début du siècle suivant, les techniques françaises, « gothiques », font leur chemin dans le Massif Central mais dans une phase d’acculturation lente, timide dans ses effets et ses conséquences. Seule une poignée d’édifices est concernée avant le milieu du XIIIe siècle et quelques dizaines ensuite. Cette réticence paraît en partie fondée sur des milieux géographiques et des cultures, mais plus encore sur une économie extensive (hors Limagne) bien différenciée du caractère intensif des économies des pays septentrionaux. Les matériaux utilisés, les cultures, les habitudes des tailleurs de pierre et leurs gestes n’y peuvent rien. L’économie du travail héritée de l’Antiquité disparaît, les sociétés aquitaines s’affaissent alors, écrasées par les modes de production septentrionaux. La disparition du signe lapidaire et l’utilisation du taillant bretté au nord du diocèse de Clermont en sont les marqueurs, concomitants d’une taille « peignée » qui remplace la taille au marteau-taillant en feuille de fougère, présente jusque dans les années 1200-1220. Efficacité et production se font au prix de cette nouvelle culture du travail, de cette nouvelle organisation sociale du chantier.
Association of Interview and Holistic Review Metrics With Resident Performance-Related Difficulties in an Internal Medicine Residency Program
Authors: Hemrajani Reena , Vettese Theresa , Law Karen , Turbow Sara 
Published: October 2023

Background The utility of traditional academic factors to predict residency candidates’ performance is unclear. Many programs utilize holistic review processes assessing applicants on an expanded range of application and interview characteristics. Determining which characteristics might predict performance-related difficulty in residency is needed.
Objective We aim to elucidate factors associated with residency performance-related difficulty in a large academic internal medicine residency program.
Methods In 2022, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of Electronic Residency Application Service and interview data for residents matriculating between 2018 and 2020. The primary outcome was a composite of performance-related difficulty during residency (referral to the Clinical Competency Committee; any rotation evaluation score of 2 out of 5 or lower; and/or a confidential “comment of concern” to the program director). Logistic regression models were fit to assess associations between resident characteristics and the composite outcome.
Results Thirty-eight of 117 residents met the composite outcome. Gold Humanism Honor Society (odds ratio [OR] 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16-0.87) or Alpha Omega Alpha (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.14-0.99) members were less likely to have performance-related difficulty, as were residents with higher United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 2 Clinical Knowledge scores (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.47-1.00). One-point increases in general faculty overall interview score, leadership competency score, and leadership overall score were associated with 41% to 63% lower odds of meeting the composite outcome. Interview or file review “flags” had an OR of 2.82 (95% CI 1.37-5.80) for the composite outcome.
Conclusions Seven metrics were associated with the composite outcome of resident performance-related difficulty.
The Resident Readiness Survey: A National Process for Program Directors to Provide Standardized Feedback to Medical Schools About Their Graduates
Authors: Howley Lisa , Grbic Douglas , Speicher Mark R. , Roskovensky Lindsay B. , Jayas Amy , Andriole Dorothy A. 
Published: October 2023

Background The process for program directors (PDs) to provide feedback to medical schools about their graduates’ readiness for postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1) training is burdensome and does not generate national benchmarking data.
Objective The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) tested the feasibility of administering a standardized Resident Readiness Survey (RRS) to PDs nationally about their PGY-1 residents’ preparedness for residency.
Methods In 2020 and 2021, the AAMC invited PDs via email to complete RRSs for their PGY-1s who graduated from participating schools; the AAMC provided schools with reports of identified RRS data for their graduates. Outcome measures included school participation rates, PD response rates, PGY-1s’ coverage rates (RRSs completed/RRSs PDs invited to complete), RRS completion time (time-stamp difference: RRS opening–submission), and participating schools’ feedback about the process collected via AAMC evaluation questionnaires sent to school leaders. Chi-square tested significance of differences between proportions.
Results School participation increased from 43.8% (2020: 77 of 176) to 72.4% (2021: 131 of 181). PD response rates, similar in both years overall (2020: 1786 of 2847 [62.7%]; 2021: 2107 of 3406 [61.9%]; P=.48), varied by specialty (P&lt;.001; range 65 of 154 [42.2%], neurology; 109 of 136 [80.1%], internal medicine-pediatrics, both years combined). PGY-1s’ coverage rates were similar (P=.21) in 2020 (5567 of 10 712 [52.0%]) and 2021 (9688 of 18 372 [52.7%]). RRS completion time averaged less than 3 minutes. Numerous school leaders reported that RRS data stimulated new, or supported ongoing, curricular quality improvement.
Conclusions Administration of a standardized RRS to PDs nationally about PGY-1s preparedness for residency is feasible and will continue.
Assessing the Finances of Applying to Surgical Residency in 2019-2020: A US Nationwide Surgical Specialties Comparison
Authors: Gordon Adam M. , Pulford Christopher 
Published: October 2023

Background The costs of applying to residency programs may affect which students choose to apply to a specialty, yet few studies have compared expenses of applying to different surgical specialties.
Objective To compare individual and total expenses for applicants applying to 5 US surgical specialties during an in-person interview and recruitment period.
Methods Post-match survey data from 2019-2020, from senior applicants of 123 of 141 (87.2%) US medical schools, to orthopaedic surgery (OS), neurological surgery (NS), urology (UR), plastic surgery (PS), otolaryngology (OTO) programs, was analyzed for applicant characteristics and mean application, away rotation, interview, and total expenses. Kruskal-Wallis H tests compared differences in costs between specialties. P values &lt;.05 were significant.
Results The survey data included 1136 applicants, representing a response rate of 27%, with 459 applicants to OS, 121 to NS, 191 to UR, 117 to PS, and 248 to OTO. Mean application costs were different among the specialties: OS, $1,990; NS, $1,711; UR, $1,570; PS, $1,638; and OTO, $1,612 (P≤.003). Mean interview expenses also differed: OS, $3,129; NS, $6,400; UR, $3,915; PS, $5,486; and OTO, $3,540 (P≤.001) as well as away rotation expenses: OS, $3,182; NS, $3,840; UR, $2,640; PS, $4,074; and OTO, $2,437 (P≤.029). Mean total costs were high and differed among specialties: OS, $8,205; NS, $11,882; UR, $8,207; PS, $10,845; and OTO, $7,516 (P≤.029).
Conclusions Applying to surgical residencies in the pre-pandemic era was expensive, with mean costs over $10,000 for NS and PS. The largest contribution to total costs were interview expenses.
Bibliometric structured review of tuberculosis in Nigeria
Authors: Adewale Olaleye Sunday , Samson Balogun Oluwafemi , Adusei-Mensah Frank 
Published: October 2023

Background: The tuberculosis burden is growing in Nigeria along with its population. For example, Nigeria has the sixth highest TB burden globally, with an estimated 4.3 per cent multi-drug resistance in new cases. This study builds on the existing study that examined academic involvement in tuberculosis research. The study in question focused on global medical literature related to tuberculosis, but the non-visibility of some low and middle-income countries in the bigger global picture motivated this present study. Every year, over 245,000 Nigerians succumb to tuberculosis (TB), with approximately 590,000 new cases reported (of these, around 140,000 are also HIV-positive). This study carried out an academic publication evaluation with the VOS viewer tool to map bibliometric data for scholarly articles published between 1991 and 2021 on tuberculosis research and used the Biblioshiny app for analytics and plots of authors, sources, and documents to explore the descriptive statistics of tuberculosis literature. The present study delineates that England has the highest collaborating country with Nigeria in the study of tuberculosis over the years and according to the report, the University of Nigeria, the University of Ibadan, and Nnamdi Azikwe University are Nigerian institutions with extensive collaborations. This study concludes with managerial implications for future actions.
Keywords: Tuberculosis; bibliometric; University; Nigeria; collaboration; authors.
Ocular complications and associated factors among traditional eye medicines users attending the eye clinic at Mulago national referral hospital, Uganda
Authors: Msonge Fransisco , Rebecca Clare Lusobya , A Musika Anne , Atukunda Immaculate , Otike Caroline , Paul Juma , Nagawa Elizabeth , Headcraph Eunice , Nakiyingi Lydia , M Yancey Charles , John Agaba , Otiti-Sengeri Juliet 
Published: October 2023

Background: Over the past decades there has been a phenomenal increase in the use of Traditional Eye medicines (TEM) worldwide and there are several factors that compel patients to use TEM.
Objectives: We conducted a study to determine the types of traditional eye medicine, ocular complications, and associated factors among traditional eye medicine users at the Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH) eye clinic.
Methods and Materials: A hospital-based cross-sectional study among TEM users at MNRH eye clinic from June to August 2021. Epi Data version 4.2 and STATA version 15 used for analysis. A modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to determine the associated factors.
Results: Overall, 182 TEM users (males:53.3%) were enrolled, with a mean age of 36±21SD years. The most frequently used type of TEM were plant products (47.8%). 70% of TEM users had ocular complications, the most frequent manifestation was conjunctivitis (53.9%). Ocular complications were significantly associated with living in the urban areas (p< 0.006) and participants who reported ease and availability of TEM (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Plant-based products were the most frequently used types of TEM, a large proportion of the TEM users were found with sight-threatening ocular complications.
Keywords: Traditional eye medicine; Uganda; Complications.
Birth asphyxia and its associated factors among newborns at a tertiary hospital: evidence from Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Demisse Mulugeta , Tadesse Rahel , Kerebeza Kidist , Alemayehu Yonas , Hoyiso Dawit , Yeheyis Tomas 
Published: October 2023

Background: Globally, 45% of under-five children death occurs during the neonatal period and about 25% of all neonatal deaths are caused by birth asphyxia. In Ethiopia, in 2015, it was the first cause of neonatal deaths followed by prematurity and sepsis. The study aims to assess prevalence of Birth asphyxia and associated factors.
Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among neonates admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit of Hawassa University Specialized comprehensive hospital from December 1 to December 30, 2020. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select samples. Logistic regression analysis using Statistical Package for Social sciences version 24was employed.
Results: The prevalence of neonatal asphyxia in this study was17.9%. Prolonged labor [AOR (Adjusted odds ration) = 2.909; (95% CI (Confidence Interval): 1.184 – 7.151)], presence of meconium [AOR= 2.137; 95% CI 1.028 – 4.683)], premature rapture of membrane [AOR = 2.459; 95% CI: 1.021 – 6.076)] and complication during labor [AOR= 3.351; 95% CI: 2.142 – 5.871))], were factors associated with neonatal asphyxia.
Conclusion and Recommendations: Nearly two in every ten newborns faced perinatal asphyxia in the study area. Early identification of high-risk women, intervening on delay in referral, and early and vigorous management of abnormal labor and complicated labor is essential to halt the problem.
Keywords: Birth asphyxia; neonates; neonatal intensive care unit.
PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI CRITICAL THINKING, CREATIVITY, COLLABORATION, AND COMMUNICATION DI ERA NEW NORMAL
Authors: Herlina Eka , Kamila Isti 
Published: October 2023

COVID-19 (penyakit virus corona 2019) menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan di antaranya kesehatan, pendidikan, perekonomian, serta aspek lainnya. Vitamin merupakan suatu zat senyawa kompleks yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh tubuh baik untuk imunitas maupun menajamkan fokus, terutama di masa pandemi ini. Oleh karena itu, pada Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini, tim pengabdian melakukan penyuluhan pentingnya vitamin kepada guru, orang tua, dan siswa SD Negeri Pengadilan 2. Pandemi Covid-19 juga berdampak pada skill 4C (Critical Thinking, Communication, Collaboration dan Creativity) siswa. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, para anggota tim pengabdian juga melakukan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan alat peraga chip bilangan bulat untuk mengasah skill 4C siswa. Melalui kolaborasi dosen prodi kimia yang memberikan sosialisasi pentingnya vitamin dan dosen prodi matematika yang memberikan pengajaran operasi bilangan bulat dengan alat peraga chip bilangan bulat, diharapkan siswa dapat fokus dalam mengamati proses pembelajaran dan mengasah skill 4C siswa.
Comparative analytical evaluation of Pruthvisara taila prepared by two different methods
Authors: Pagad Archana , Mishra Abhaya Kumar , Hussain Gazala 
Published: October 2023

Background: Pruthvisara taila is Niragni snehapaka (Aditya paka taila). It is indicated in Kushta and Vruna, mentionedby classical text Chakradatta. AIM: An attempt was made to prepare Pruthvisara taila by two methods and analyse the difference between both the samples on the basis of organoleptic characters and physico-chemical parameters. Methodology: In pharmaceutical study, the Pruthvisara taila was prepared by both methods; Niragni (Aditya paka-sunlight as source of heat)and Sagni) using fire as source of heat) & in analytical study both the samples were subjected for physicochemical analysis like pH, Viscosity, Refractive index, Specific Gravity, Acid Value, Iodine value, Saponification Value, Unsaponifiable matter,Peroxide value and Rancidity. Results: Results of the study on the parameters assessed on the samples after preparation by both the methods;duration required for the preparation of Aditya paka Pruthvisara taila is 24 days and for Sagni Pruthvisara taila is 5 days.Viscosity of NPT(Niragni Pruthvisara taila) was 127.1497 and SPT (Sagni Pruthvisara taila) 89.3996, refractive index was 1.47807 w/w and 1.47607 w/w respectively. The specific gravity of NPT and SPT were 0.9142w/w and 0.8866 w/w respectively. Acid value is more in SPT (108.46 w/w) as compared to NPT (62.76w/w). Iodine value is more in SPT (245.34w/w) as compared to NPT (58.37).The SPT(222.75 w/w) sample has got more saponification value than NPT (200.75w/w). The unsaponifiable matter in NPT has 1.84% and SPT has 4.80%. Conclusion: Acid value indicates about the short shelf life of the drug, which was comparatively more in Sagni Pruthvisara taila than Niragni Pruthvisara taila, hence the early chances of rancidity are more in SPT.Percentage of saturated and long chain fatty acids are more in Niragni Pruthvisara taila when compared to Sagni Pruthvisara taila which was revealed through iodine value and saponification value. Hence the NPT is less susceptible to oxidation and rancidity.
Using Artificial Intelligence to Identify the Associations of Children’s Performance of Coloring, Origami, and Copying Activities With Visual–Motor Integration
Authors: Huang Chien-Yu , Yu Yen-Ting , Chen Kuan-Lin , Lin Gong-Hong , Hsieh Ching-Lin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Importance: Performance of coloring, origami, and copying activities reflects children’s visual–motor integration (VMI), but the levels of association remain unclear.
Objective: To use artificial intelligence (AI) to investigate associations of performance of coloring, origami, and copying activities with VMI.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Setting: Kindergartens.
Participants: A sample of 370 children (182 boys and 188 girls) in the second and third years of kindergarten.
Outcomes and Measures: Beery–Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual–Motor Integration, 6th Edition (VMI–6).
Results: Data for preschool children from an ongoing project were retrieved. AI models were trained to use photographs of activity products to predict total score on the VMI–6. R2 values were used to identify the variance in VMI–6 standardized scores explained by predicted scores from the activities. That is, R2 values reflected associations between activity performance and VMI. The R2 values for the combination of origami and copying were the largest (.390–.577). These R2 values were larger than those for each individual activity (.340–.473) and similar to those for the combination of all three activities (.400–.550).
Conclusions and Relevance: Because moderate R2 values were found between performance of the three activity products and VMI, the three activities have high potential for use in identifying children’s level of VMI or as teaching materials to facilitate the development of children’s VMI. Furthermore, combining origami and copying activities is recommended for teachers and clinicians who need to address VMI.
What This Article Adds: A combination of origami and copying activities had the strongest associations with children’s VMI. Teachers and clinicians can use these two activities when addressing VMI development among preschool children.