bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species Composition and Abundance of the Cichlid Fishes in Owalla Reservoir, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Kolawole Mustapha Abdur- Rahman , Adegoke Wahab Munir Karounwi , Siji Ajisebiola Babafemi , Adekilekun Kolawole Asiata 
Published: January 2024

Fish production plays crucial roles in enhancing food security and alleviating poverty of many people in Nigeria. As demand for fish increases steadily over the years, production becomes inadequate. One of the ways in which adequate fish production could be met is adequate conservation efforts. This study was conducted with a view of providing a more recent catalogue and update of species composition and abundance of cichlid fishes in Owalla reservoir. Sampling for cichlids fishes in the reservoir was done monthly for 24 weeks with the use of dugout canoe. Four experimental gillnets, each measuring 2 by 30 m, with various stretched mesh sizes (25.4, 38.1, 50.8 and 63.5 mm) were designed to sample various sizes of the fishes. Other sampling techniques adopted include the use of cast net, fish traps and hook and line. The six species of cichlid fishes identified during study are Hemichromis fasciatus (SL=7.35±0.12 cm; mean weight=15.58±9.01g), Sarotherodon galilaeus (SL=11.77±3.12 cm; mean weight=89.48±14.17 g), Oreochromis niloticus (SL=8.35±1.90 cm; mean weight=36.11±10.02 g ), Tilapia zilli (SL=9.95±1.09 cm; mean weight=88.03±16.04 g ), Tilapia mariae (SL=9.83±1.07 cm; mean weight=57.81±14.01 g ) and Tilapia dageti (SL=11.12.±2.01 cm; mean weight=85.30±20.01 g). The fish species were adequately represented, well distributed and occurred frequently in both wet and dry seasons, though the occurrence was higher in the wet season. The mean values of length and weight recorded for the fishes were small when compared with the values of cichlids from similar Nigerian inland waters and was attributed to the indiscriminate use of gillnets with unregulated mesh sizes. Overfishing by the artisanal fishermen could not be ruled out due to lack of regulations on the reservoir. Therefore, regular qualitative and quantitative information on cichlid fishes in the reservoir is necessary for enhancement of management and appraisal of the fisheries potential of the reservoir becomes essential.
Assessment of Some Toxic Heavy Metals in Rice and Beans Sold in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Ovonramwen O.B. , Awulor C.F. , Ukpebor J.E. , Ukpebor E.E. 
Published: January 2024

Rice and beans are staple foods for more than 50% of the world's population. They are prone to heavy metal contamination, with the global rise in heavy metal pollution, which causes harm and danger to the ecosystem and puts people and other living things in major health problems. This study aimed to determine the level of some heavy metals in local and foreign rice and white and brown bean samples obtained from an open market in Benin City. The samples were prepared and analysed using a standard method with the aid of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (A.A.S.). The results of the analysis show the levels of heavy metals in the beans and rice ranged from 0.013–0.067 mg/kg for Pb, 0.02-0.043 mg/kg for Cr, 0.003-0.367 mg/kg for Mn, 0.263–1.017 mg/kg for Zn, 0.30–0.933 mg/kg for Fe, and 0.01–0.023 mg/kg for Cu, with Cd being the only metal below the detection limit. Statistical analysis using a t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the levels of the selected heavy metals analysed among the bean samples and those analysed among the rice samples. If these heavy metals are used as benchmarks for measuring the product's quality, local rice would be considered to be of higher quality than foreign rice, according to statistical analysis using a correlation matrix that showed a nearly identical heavy metal composition between local and foreign rice. The concentration of all the metals studied was observed to be present at tolerable levels lower than the maximum permissible limit as given by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Based on the research findings, the rice and bean samples studied were safe for human consumption.
Curie Point Depth from Spectral Analysis of Magnetic Data in Potiskum and Environs, Yobe State, Nigeria
Authors: Ezekiel Kamureyina , Peter Yohanna 
Published: January 2024

The area under investigation, is part of Chad basin of northeastern Nigeria, located between latitudes 11o00´ to 12o00´N and Longitudes 11o30´ to 12o30´E, with the objective to discover more about the thermal structure of the crust in the area, a research was carried out over Potiskum and surrounding regions in Yobe State, Nigeria to estimate the curie point depth, geothermal gradient, and heat flow using spectrum analysis and empirical formula of aeromagnetic data. To acquire the regional and residual data, polynomial fitting was applied to the high-resolution digital aeromagnetic data. In order to calculate the depth to the centroid and the depth to the top boundary, the upward continued residual data was processed to produce the upward continued data, that was subjected to spectral analysis. The depth to the centroid is between 10.50 and 11.50 kilometers, the depth to the top boundary is between 5.90 and 7.16 kilometers, the depth to the Curie point is between 14.84 and 16.83 kilometers, the geothermal gradient is between 34.462 and 39.083 oCkm-1, and the heat flow is between 86.135 and 97.707 mWm-2. The Curie point depth inferred from the study indicates that the crust is thinning due to thermal upwhirling of magma and is moderately decreasing toward areas of volcanic activity that occurred in the area during the Tertiary Period. The Geothermal gradient shows that the area is a moderate temperature zone, which could likely result in partial thermal maturation of sediments and hence probable oil generation as time goes on with an increase in temperature. In the research area, the geothermal gradient is proportional to the heat flow, whereas the connection between curie depth and heat flow is inversely linear. These findings are in line with the geotectonic regime that is now in effect in the research area. However, this analysis shows that the heat flow that was obtained from the study is sufficient to be utilized as a geothermal energy source.
Results on prime and semi-prime rings with skew and generalized reverse derivations
Authors: Hafsat Mohammed , Funmilola Balogun , Tasiu Abdullahi 
Published: January 2024

For this study, R represents a semiprime ring or a prime ring, as the case may be. The ring R is said to be semiprime if for any a ∈ R, aRa = {0}, implies a = 0. R is a prime ring if aRb = {0}, implies a = 0 or b = 0, ∀ a, b ∈ R. By assuming that d is a skew derivation with an automorphism β: R→R associated with it, we prove some results on skew-derivations for semi-prime rings. In particular, we show that for a skew-derivation, if d(a)d(b) ± ab = 0, ∀ a, b ∈ R then d = 0. Also, by introducing new differential identities, we establish that a prime ring with a generalized reverse derivation defined on it is commutative.
Analgesic, anti inflammatory and toxicological effects of Vigornatural herbal powder in experimental animals
Authors: Ozioko Fabian U , Inuaeyen Jacob U , Emmanuel Stephanie O , Ugwu Ezinne B , Ugonabo Onyinyechukwu Y , Amoke Chisom M , Ikechukwu Peter E , Eze Fabian I 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: To determine the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and toxicological effects of Vigornatural herbal powder, derived from the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae) and the seeds of Buchholzia coriacea Eng. (Capparaceae).
Methods: Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the herbal powder were assessed using acetic acid-induced writhing and egg-albumin-induced edema models, respectively. Drugs were administered orally to animal groups (n = 4) at a dose of 400 mg/kg using paracetamol and Tween-80 as positive and negative controls, respectively in writhing test, while in egg albumin model, drugs were administered at a dose range of 100 - 400 mg/kg using diclofenac sodium and Tween 80 as controls respectively. Acute toxicity was evaluated using modified Lorke’s protocol. Sub-acute toxicity was investigated in Wistar rats after 14 days of oral administration of 400 mg/kg per day via its effect on hematological and serum biochemical parameters. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard protocols.
Results: The herbal powder gave a median lethal dose (LD50) > 5000 mg/kg and significantly provoked 38 % inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice at 400 mg/kg dose, relative to negative control (p < 0.05). It also significantly inhibited both phases of egg-albumin-induced edema with 9.5 and 16.5 % inhibition at 1st and 4th hours, respectively when compared to standard diclofenac which gave 4.2 and 17.3 %, respectively (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the treated and control groups with regard to all hematological and biochemical parameters tested after 14 days. Qualitative phytochemical tests showed the presence of alkaloids.
Conclusion: Vigornatural herbal powder possesses fairly good analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties and does not have any significant adverse effect on hematological, hepatic and renal functions. Further studies to develop it as a potential novel analgesic and anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapeutic agent is recommended.
Anti inflammatory and human chondrocyte protective effect of Drynariae rhizoma extract
Authors: Lee Sung-Gyu , Kang Hyun 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of Drynariae rhizome (Polypodiaceae) extract (DRE) on lipopolysaccharide RAW264.7 macrophage cells and its protective effects on interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated SW1353 chondrocyte cells.
Methods: The anti-inflammatory effect of DRE (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL) were measured by 5-lipooxygenase (LO) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzyme inhibitory activities, nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells using Griess reagent assay. Prostaglandins (PGE2) and leukotriene (LTB4) production were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To investigate the protective effect on chondrocytes, the level of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-3, -9, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 was determined using zymography assay and ELISA kit in SW1353 cells stimulated with IL-1β.
Results: Drynariae rhizome (Polypodiaceae) extract (DRE) had a significant (p < 0.05) inhibitory effect on 5-LO and COX-2 enzymes in a concentration-dependent manner compared to untreated group. In RAW264.7 cells, levels of NO, PGE2 and LTB4 of DRE group were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in study group (treated with DRE) at 12.5 μg/mL compared to the group treated with LPS (100 ng/mL) alone. Additionally, in SW1353 human chondrocytes stimulated with IL-1β, MMP-3 and MMP-9 were significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed in DRE-treated group compared to IL-1β group alone, with no significant impact on TIMP-1 production.
Conclusion: Drynariae rhizome (Polypodiaceae) extract (DRE) possesses anti-inflammatory and cartilage protection effects. It therefore has the potential to be developed as an effective natural pharmaceutical agent for inflammation or osteoarthritis.
Increasing Psychological Well-Being Through Role Awareness Training Among Student-Athletes in National Potential Young Athlete Training Center
Authors: Jannah Miftakhul , Khoirunnisa Riza Noviana , Satiningsih Satiningsih , Jaro'ah Siti , Widohardhono Rachman , Putri Andi Ledy Permata , Rachman Nabila , Sauda Muhammad Aufa Al Farisi Ann Haba 
Published: January 2024

Objective: In response to the problem of the dual career of student-athletes during quarantine resulting in a psychological well-being crisis. This study aims to assess the effect of role awareness training developed to improve the psychological well-being of student-athletes. The study aims to determine the effect of role awareness training on psychological well-being in student-athletes at the National Potential Young Athlete Training Center. Method: A quantitative experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design was used. The subjects of this research were 24 athletes of the National Young Athlete Training Center. Sampling is done with a saturated sample, where all population members become a sample. Data was obtained through pretest and posttest using a psychological well-being instrument that contains 42 items. JASP (Jeffrey’s Amazing Statistics Program) for Windows software was used to analyze the data used in the study. The data analysis technique used was the independent sample t-test. Results: The results showed that role awareness training can guide athletes in improving psychological well-being. Novelty: In response to the problem of the dual career of student-athletes during quarantine resulting in a psychological well-being crisis. This research concludes that role awareness training influences psychological well-being in student-athletes.
PRE-SERVICE STUDENT-TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY THROUGHOUT COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A CASE STUDY IN GREECE
Authors: Fotopoulou Vasiliki 
Published: January 2024

This paper seeks to investigate undergraduate students’ views regarding how the pandemic is perceived as having had an impact on them as future educators. The sample consists of students in pre-school education who experienced the pandemic and the changes it brought about during their undergraduate studies. The research data was collected through an anonymous questionnaire followed by a thematic content analysis. From the qualitative data analysis pertaining to the way in which the pandemic affected the respondents’ perception of themselves as a prospective teacher, four categories emerged: i. Changes and Transformations, ii. Loss/Absence, iii. Long Distance Technology, and iv. Experience. It becomes clear that respondents seem to perceive themselves as educators through coping with the changes they face, through utilizing new technologies, and through gaining experience or even lacking it. However, a notable finding of this research is the future perspective and further capitalizing on the experience the students went through. In some cases, this experience is seen as usable in similar circumstances in the future, while in others it is deemed as an all-purpose tool enabling them to overcome any kind of challenge. This research paper aims to contribute with its own approach to a more profound understanding of how the changes experienced by students in times of change and challenge are seen as something of value in reference to their identity.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0611/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
CURRENT SITUATION AND SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF TEACHING IN STEM EDUCATION IN GENERAL SCHOOLS: A CASE STUDY IN SOME NORTHERN PROVINCES OF VIETNAM
Authors: Hang Nga Nguyen Thi , Ngoc Muu Nguyen , Van Hung Ngo 
Published: January 2024

<p>The paper delves into the state and challenges of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education in schools. By conducting an intensive survey, it offers insights into the current status of STEM education and highlights the perceptions and difficulties faced by educators in adopting STEM methodologies. The study reveals that while there's an increasing recognition of the importance of STEM in the natural sciences curriculum, several obstacles impede its full implementation. A significant challenge is the difficulty in correlating real-world issues with natural science subjects, making it tough for educators to make lessons engaging and relevant. Furthermore, the lack of appropriate educational tools and materials, combined with inadequate infrastructural facilities in schools, further hampers the quality of teaching. Moreover, the research identifies a gap in the training of educators. Many teachers are unfamiliar with STEM, lacking both understanding and confidence in the approach. This is exacerbated by time constraints in the classroom and insufficient support from parents. Additionally, the paper points out that only a limited number of natural science topics can be aptly integrated into STEM projects, creating a narrower scope for educators. To address these challenges, the paper suggests the need for better training for teachers specifically tailored to STEM requirements, more substantial institutional support, and fostering a closer relationship between STEM education and the broader natural sciences curriculum.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0601/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Critical Analysis of Karnakshweda with its Modern Aspect
Authors: Pragati Pandole  , Ch. Ramadevi  , K. Anasuya  
Published: January 2024

Shalakyatantra, one of the eight branches of Ayurveda deals with diseases above the level of the clavicle, i.e., Urdhwajatru. In that, there are twenty-eight Karnarogas as described by Acharya Sushruta, Yogratnakara, and Bhavprakasha. Karnaksweda is one of the Karnaroga that resembles Karnanada, but there is vitiation of Pittadi doshas with a predominance of Vata in the channels of Karna, leading to the generation of Venughoshavata, i.e., flute-like sound, because of different etiological factors like Dhatu Kshayaa, Ruksha Bhojana, etc.
In modern science, tinnitus is described as an unwanted auditory perception of internal origin, usually localised, and rarely heard by others. It can be subjective, when experience is of the individual alone, or, less commonly, objective. It, moreover, acts as a symptom rather than a disease with multifactorial etiology. Karnakshweda can be specifically correlated with cochlear synaptic tinnitus, i.e., tinnitus due to inner ear causes. The majority of cases of tinnitus are subjective; objective tinnitus is far less common. Treatment for Karnaksweda is described as the same as for Karnanada, which includes Vatahar Chikitsa, Snehana, Dhoomapana, Karnapoorana, etc., but there is no specific treatment for Tinnitus in modern science because of idiopathic etiopathogenesis. Ayurveda is a more effective science for the management of diseases like tinnitus.
ADAT MAPPACCING PADA MASYARAKAT BUGIS SINJAI, STUDI PERBANDINGAN HUKUM ADAT DAN MAQASHID SYARIAH
Authors: Musafir Musafir , Hadijah Wahid St. 
Published: January 2024

Artikel ini membahas tentang perbandingan Maqashid syariah dan hukum adat terhadap adat mappacci yang dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Sinjai kecamatan Sinjai utara. Pokok permasalahn yang akan dibahas adalah bagaimana pengetahuan masyarakat sinjai tentang mappacci, bagaimana pandangan hukum adat tentang mappaccing, kaitan adat mappaccing dengan maqashid syariah dan bagaimana adat mappaccing ini memberikan dampak bagi sebuah pernikahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan dan menggunakan pendekatan Syar’i dan pendekatan secara historis. Kemudian untuk metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan wawancara. Untuk mengetahui hasil pokok permasalahan maka penulis melakukan langkah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode wawancara dengan penduduk, tokoh adat, tokoh masyarakat dan pemerintah setempat. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut didapatkan data bahwa sebagian masyarakat Kabupaten Sinjai belum terlalu mengetahui dan memahami tentang adat mappacci tersebut, kemudian hukum adat memandang adat mappaccing merupakan adat yang perlu dilestarikan dan dipertahankan karena alat-alat yang digunakan pada prosesi mappaccing tersebut memiliki arti kiasan yang hampis sama secara keseluruhan tujuannya dengan maqashid syariah, kemudian adat mappaccing sekarang ini sangatlah berdampak pada sebuah pernikahan karena beberapa yang mengetahui dan beberapa yang kurang mengetahui tentang adat tersebut, sehingga hanya yang mengetahui sajalah yang melaksanakan adat tersebut dan yang kurang mengetahui akan bingung apakah mereka memanggil tokoh adat yang tahu lebih atau hanya melakukan sebatas simbolik saja.
Formulation and Physicochemical Evaluation of a Herbal Dentifrice Formulated with Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg): An In Vitro Study
Authors: Mahajan Kavisha , Kunte Sanket 
Published: January 2024

Aim: Dental plaque is the primary etiological factor of two of the most commonly encountered global oral health problems; dental caries and periodontal disease. The toothbrush-dentifrice combination is an essential aid in preventing them. There are several commercial chemical toothpastes available, but as of late herbal toothpastes have become more popular amongst people. Thus, the aim of this study was to formulate a novel herbal dentifrice with Myristica fragrans (Houtt.) (nutmeg), and compare its physicochemical properties with a commercially available herbal dentifrice without nutmeg. Material and method: A pilot study was conducted wherein the toothpaste was formulated under sterile conditions using various concentrations of nutmeg, tulsi leaves powder and clove powder as the main herbal ingredients. All herbal ingredients were 100% organic and certified by the Food Safety and Standard Authority of India (FSSAI). Its properties were compared and evaluated with a commercial herbal toothpaste and the most optimum formulation was then selected to be a part of the study. The properties evaluated were organoleptic parameters (colour, texture, appearance, taste, odour), pH, foamability, abrasiveness, gritty matter, homogeneity, stability and spreadability. Results: The results revealed that in comparison to the commercial herbal toothpaste, the formulated herbal toothpaste with nutmeg exhibited improved foaming ability, abrasivity, spreadability; and comparable texture, consistency, colour, gritty matter, homogeneity and stability properties. However, it had less favourable odour and taste. Conclusion: The overall results of the research provide convincing evidence of the satisfactory physicochemical properties of the nutmeg toothpaste. However, further research is warranted to test other significant properties of the toothpaste.
Quality Control and Phytochemical Profiling of a Polyherbal Traditional Indian Medicine by GC-MS method
Authors: Raut Payal , Rathi Bharat , Rathi Renu , Chaudhary Piyush 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Gomutra (Cow's urine) has been described to be the most effective substance of animal origin. It is useful in treating various diseases due to its pharmacological activities. Nevertheless, due to its pungent smell, palatability, shelf life and fresh availability have always remained a problem. So it is very much essential to modify it into different dosage forms. One of its traditional dosage forms is Gomutrasava, an alcoholic fermented product indicated in the management of Shvitra (vitiligo). Aim & objective: The study is planned for Pharmaceutical preparation and quality control assessment of Gomutrasava. Material & Methods: Gomutrasava was prepared according to a reference from Astanga Hrudaya. This formulation was tested for organoleptic characters and physicochemical parameters, including Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Observation & Results: After fermentation colour of Gomutrasava appeared dark brown with specific cow urine smell. pH, specific gravity at 25ºC, reftractive index, brix, viscocity, total solid content, alcohol content, reducing sugar, non reducing sugar of Gomutrasava were 5.41, 0.967 wt/ml, 1.394, 37º, 1.38/sec, 37%, 6%, 0.96%, 0.07% respectively and test for methanol and microbial contamination were negative. GC-MS revealed some compounds attributed to antimicrobial, anticancerous and antifungal activities. Conclusion Thus this data combined with analytical data will be used for clinical study and treatment of Shvitra (Vitiligo), Kushtha (Leprosy) and various skin diseases.