bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Treatment of the Painful Motion Segment
Authors: Burkus J Kenneth 
Published: August 2005

Study Design.
Literature review of current bone graft technology and bone graft substitutes used in spinal fusion applications.

Objective.
We reviewed current bone graft technologies and identified the range of bioactive properties that each possesses, such as osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and structural, load-bearing capabilities that can be used to either augment or replace autogenous bone graft in spinal fusions.

Summary of Background Data.
Bioactive materials are used in spinal fusion applications to encourage bone formation across an intervertebral motion segment. To be an effective replacement for autogenous bone grafts, a bioactive material must possess the properties of osteoinduction and osteoconduction.

Methods.
Literature review.

Results.
Platelet gel concentrates deliver nonspecific cytokines that influence local cells at the implantation site. Demineralized bone matrix acts as a bone graft enhancer that excludes fibrous tissue of muscle interposition in a fusion mass and is a mildly osteoinductive material. Bone morphogenetic proteins are an integral part of natural bone formation response. They function as differentiation factors that act on mesenchymal stem cells to induce bone formation.

Conclusions.
Patient-derived therapies such as platelet gel concentrates contain cytokines that play a role in bone formation; however, none of them is capable of inducing the entire bone formation cascade. Clinical use of these concentrates could possibly interfere with new bone formation. The use of bone marrow aspiration and concentration techniques has not been convincingly studied in spinal fusions in lower order animal or human clinical studies. Demineralized bone matrix contains small and variable amounts of naturally occurring bone morphogenetic proteins. These products can only function as bone graft extenders. Recombinant bone morphogenetic protein products contain much more highly concentrated and focused amounts of bone morphogenetic proteins, and some have been shown to be clinically effective bone graft replacements.
Clear thinking on the “unity” of the information professions
Authors: Sturges Paul 
Published: August 2005

PurposeAs part of a series to mark the 60th anniversary of the Journal of Documentation, the aim is to review a 1956 article by Barbara Kyle.Design/methodology/approachLiterature review and analysis.FindingsThe theme of Barbara Kyle's 1956 Journal of Documentation article “Privilege and public provision in the intellectual welfare state” retains its professional resonance in the 21st century. Her distinction between the mission of the library for the general public and that of the private sector library for a restricted clientele, draws attention to the broad educational and leisure mission of the former and the contribution to the commercial advantage of the organisation of the latter. The current professional focus on public rights to information, as expressed in freedom of information legislation, threatens to obscure the private sector's concern with the protection of intellectual property and the acquisition of business intelligence for the benefit of the organisation, but the distinct missions of library and information services in the two sector remain as significant as ever.Originality/valueProvides a review of historical information still of value today.
E‐learning and digital library futures in New Zealand
Authors: Carnaby Penny 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThis paper argues that in order to develop a seamless, accessible, learner‐centric next generation pedagogy that is scalable, sustainable, and will achieve a high level of systems and cultural interoperability, countries need a national Digital Strategy and an ICT vision for education, to bring this framework together.Design/methodology/approachA summary and description of national policy commitments, forward‐looking initiatives and practical outcomes in pursuit of an educationally effective national Digital Strategy for New Zealand.FindingsNew Zealand will make significant progress in achieving the aspirations of the next generation learner during the next 12 months. Libraries throughout the country are in a strong position to play a crucial role in this development.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper concentrates on a single national context, but does put the reader in a position where they can draw conclusions about how this model is applicable to other environments.Practical implicationsThe author argues that Libraries have a long history and deep understanding of standards‐led architectures which has achieved greater access to information and systems interoperability. The profession is in a good position to be a proactive partner in the development of next generation e‐learning experiences.Originality/valueThe paper gives clear insight into how national digital and educational strategies can be implemented on an effective, countrywide basis.
Debating definitions of information literacy: enough is enough!
Authors: Owusu‐Ansah Edward K. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeTo demonstrate existing definitional consensus on information literacy, and outline the main and unique areas of concern resulting from that consensus for libraries desiring to contribute to information literacy education.Design/methodology/approachLeading attempts at defining information literacy are examined to demonstrate their lack of substantive definitional differences, and to establish parameters for the library’s participation in information literacy education.FindingsExamines the leading definitional contributions since the American Library Association’s 1989 seminal work on information literacy. Demonstrates the lack of substantive definitional differences between those and the ALA definition. Suggests librarians concentrate on the expectations deriving from such unanimity, and outlines those expectations.Practical implicationsClarity of definitions provides more stable atmosphere for practical initiatives, while controversies over definitions distract from action. By pointing out the fundamental agreements between seemingly competing definitions of information literacy, this article underscores the need for librarians to fully concentrate on ways to achieve information literacy. By specifying the library’s unique place in that process and outlining the concrete things it can do, the article also provides practical guidance for more focused activity on the part of the library in information literacy education.Originality/valueThis article demonstrates a consistently overlooked definitional consensus on information literacy, and shows how the purported differences in definition actually represent delineations of steps and approaches that facilitate practical implementation. It also outlines the specific areas and activities that are legitimate responsibilities of the library in information literacy education, and notes areas outside the library’s reach.
Implementing the office total productive maintenance (“office TPM”) program: a library case study
Authors: Kanta Patra Nihar , Tripathy Jayanta Kumar , Choudhary B. K. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThis paper discusses the implementation of office TPM in Indian Institute for Production Management (iiPM) library situated at Kanshbahal, Orissa, India. It describes very briefly the reasons for and benefits of implementing office TPM and explains the policies, objectives, roadmap and methodology used at the iiPM Library. It also elaborates the Japanese terms, which are known as 5S.Design/methodology/approachAn exposition of the principles of office TPM and a brief case study account of their application.FindingsThe goal of a TPM program is to increase production and improve employees’ moral and job satisfaction. This case study did demonstrate these benefits, but there are training issues that need to be addressed for such success to be achieved, and similarly a full commitment of senior management to the program is also essential.Practical implicationsThis paper offers advice to assist practitioners in the development of a successful office TPM program.Originality/valueThe application of a broad management tool specifically to the library context is original and valuable.
Reference librarians and the success of institutional repositories
Authors: Bell Suzanne , Fried Foster Nancy , Gibbons Susan 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the purpose, methods, and selected results of a study of faculty work practices, especially as they bear on the creation, location, and use of grey literature and the design and use of institutional repositories.Design/methodology/approachBased on a work‐practice study of faculty members and researchers at the University of Rochester. The methodology used videotaped interviews to record and analyze how participants accomplish such tasks as using web‐based research and writing tools, organizing books and papers, and staying current.FindingsReviews six key research findings related to the understandings and attitudes faculty members hold regarding institutional repositories and the role of librarians in developing institutional repository collections. Explains why librarians have found it difficult to attract faculty participation from the perspective of user needs and work practices.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is based on field research with a small number of participants in six departments across the sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Access to faculty participants was limited.Practical implicationsRecommends new strategies for institutional repository design, recruitment of content, and outreach by librarians based on the six key research findings. Proposes an expanded role for librarians as liaisons to faculty who wish to share their work using the library's repository system.Originality/valueThe paper presents original research that addresses a current problem in the area of institutional repositories: why faculty members have not taken full advantage of new technologies that help them share their work. It lists the practical steps that librarians can take to improve faculty participation in repository projects and to increase access to grey literature for all scholars.
The evolving impact of institutional repositories on reference librarians
Authors: Buehler Marianne A. , Boateng Adwoa 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThe paper's purpose is to share the insights that the staff of the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) Libraries (Wallace Library, RIT Archives, and the Cary Collection) gained into the role of reference librarians in establishing and operating an institutional repository (IR).Design/methodology/approachThe paper conducts a literature review on a range of published (1999‐2005) works to research the background of IRs and to incorporate it with the authors' own experiences.FindingsThe research findings, involving implementing IRs and specifically the effect on the role of the reference librarian in academic libraries, were found to be not as extensive as expected.Originality/valueThis paper is intended for those who are involved in developing and promoting IRs. The outcome of the paper is to stimulate thought and to contribute to the dialog on the topic of how IRs impact reference librarian roles and careers.
Real‐time quality control of surgical material packaging by artificial vision
Authors: López Antonio , Valveny Ernest , José Villanueva Juan 
Published: August 2005

PurposeIn the last years, artificial vision systems have widely spread among quality control processes in many industries. In this paper we present an artificial vision system that automatically inspects sachets of surgical material in real‐time. These sachets are difficult to inspect by an artificial vision system due to high variability in their visual aspect and the material they are made of (aluminium and plastic) which can provoke a lot of reflections and shadows.Design/methodology/approachDue to variability of sachets and reflections in aluminium and plastic, the design of a good illumination system is very important for the success of the system. For that reason, we have used two sources of illumination, a dark field illumination and a diffuse frontal one, to avoid reflections and enhance important visual features. Moreover, the output of the system is not only the classification of the sachets as correct or defective, but it also identifies the sachet defect among the fifteen possible ones, a useful feature for just in time production. The proposed system is based on a PC modular and scalable architecture.FindingsThe system is currently working in actual production fulfilling the problem requirements with respect to false positive and false negative, in spite of the high variability of the product.Originality/valueThe system proposes two different kind of illumination systems to inspect difficult materials, such as plastic and aluminium, achieving good results. The proposed architecture of the system is modular and scalable and allows to increase computational power for visual tasks.
3D CAD model generation of mechanical parts using coded‐pattern projection and laser triangulation systems
Authors: Page David , Koschan Andreas , Voisin Sophie , Ali Ngozi , Abidi Mongi 
Published: August 2005

PurposeInvestigate the use of two imaging‐based methods – coded pattern projection and laser‐based triangulation – to generate 3D models as input to a rapid prototyping pipeline.Design/methodology/approachDiscusses structured lighting technologies as suitable imaging‐based methods. Two approaches, coded‐pattern projection and laser‐based triangulation, are specifically identified and discussed in detail. Two commercial systems are used to generate experimental results. These systems include the Genex Technologies 3D FaceCam and the Integrated Vision Products Ranger System.FindingsPresents 3D reconstructions of objects from each of the commercial systems.Research limitations/implicationsProvides background in imaging‐based methods for 3D data collection and model generation. A practical limitation is that imaging‐based systems do not currently meet accuracy requirements, but continued improvements in imaging systems will minimize this limitation.Practical implicationsImaging‐based approaches to 3D model generation offer potential to increase scanning time and reduce scanning complexity.Originality/valueIntroduces imaging‐based concepts to the rapid prototyping pipeline.
Hindered growth: the ideology and implications of population assistance
Authors: Sophia Aguirre Maria , Hadley Cecilia A. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThis paper aims to highlight the role of the United Nations in the formulation and implementation of the current understanding of “population assistance” and examine some of the arguments for “population assistance” in the form of reproductive health care.Design/methodology/approachIt presents the data for global population assistance and briefly compares these figures with data for other developmental sectors, recommending certain policy changes if real development is to be achieved.FindingsDuring the last decade increasingly large amounts of money have been spent on limiting population growth of underdeveloped countries. Population control is seen as the corner‐stone of development and population activities. Thus, population control has become “population assistance,” and birth control has become “reproductive health services.” Population control is pursued at the expense of women's rights and to the detriment of real economic growth and social improvement.Originality/valueFor more than two decades, John Conway O'Brien has written on the importance of ethics for economic growth. In a recent article, he concluded that “although the illuminated may have been activated by the most altruistic of motives, their search for the good society was doomed from the start.” This paper attests the validity of his remarks.
Movement of powder bed material during the selective laser sintering of bisphenol‐A polycarbonate
Authors: Fan K.M. , Cheung W.L. , Gibson I. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on a study of the movement of the powder bed material during selective laser sintering (SLS) of bisphenol‐A polycarbonate (PC) powder and its effect on the morphology of the sintered specimen.Design/methodology/approachTwo sintering experiments, i.e. single‐spot laser sintering and raster‐scan laser sintering, were carried out and the material movement mechanisms were investigated in situ and subsequently by scanning electron microscopy.FindingsDuring the raster‐scan laser sintering process, the movement of the powder was found to be primarily perpendicular to the scanning direction. When sintering at a high laser power, it significantly affected the surface morphology of the sintered specimens and parallel surface bands occurred along the scanning direction.Research limitations/implicationsExperiments were carried out on a modified laser engraving machine rather than a commercial SLS machine.Practical implicationsA schematic model of the material movement mechanism for each of the sintering strategies is presented.Originality/valueThe results further the understanding of the sintering behaviour of the powder bed.
New developments in fused deposition modeling of ceramics
Authors: Bellini Anna , Shor Lauren , Guceri Selcuk I. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeTo shift from rapid prototyping (RP) to agile fabrication by broadening the material selection, e.g. using ceramics, hence improving the properties (e.g. mechanical properties) of fused deposition modeling (FDM) products.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents the development of a novel extrusion system, based on the FDM technology. The new set‐up, consisting of a mini‐extruder mounted on a high‐precision positioning system, is fed with bulk material in granulated form, instead that with the more common filament.FindingsPrevious research showed that the applications of new materials with specific characteristics in a commercial FDM system are limited by the use of intermediate precursors, i.e. a filament. The new design described in this paper overcomes the problem thanks to the new feeding system.Research limitations/implicationsThe work presented in this paper is only the starting point for further development. The new system design was tested and encouraging improvements of the final product were achieved. However, several parameters, e.g. size of the feeding granules, still need to be optimized.Practical implicationsThis configuration opens up opportunities for the use of wider range of materials, making the FDM to become a viable alternative manufacturing process for specialty products.Originality/valueThe mini‐extruder deposition system developed in this study exploits the advantages of the RP technologies: ability to shorten the product design and development time; suitability for automation; and ability to build many geometrically complex shapes. Hence, applying the described technology, it will be possible to manufacture customer‐driven product with important cost and time (from design to final product) savings.
Factors affecting effective communication between building clients and maintenance contractors
Authors: Choon Hua Goh , Sher Willy , Sui Pheng Low 
Published: August 2005

PurposeStudies on communication in the construction industry have generally concentrated on the briefing process and the construction process. However, studies on communication problems experienced by building clients' and maintenance contractors' representatives in the field of facilities management are less common. Thus, there is a need for studies of effective communication in facilities management, particularly between building clients' and maintenance contractors' representatives as these provide a valuable contribution to the area. Aims to fultil this need.Design/methodology/approachA maintenance contracting organization and four of its clients were selected for this research. A total of 44 project participants from the building clients and a maintenance contractor were interviewed in Singapore.FindingsThe findings suggested that, for effective communication, project participants have to be continuously proactive, even though communication may initially be ineffective. Reactive responses will result in ineffective communication at a later stage, even though communication may initially be effective.Research limitations/implicationsThe study identified two additional areas for further research that are mainly related to facilities management. These are modes of communication and communication distance between building users and craftsmen.Practical implicationsThe research documented in this paper investigates the factors affecting effective communication between building clients and maintenance contractors. A better understanding of these factors would help to reduce miscommunication and enhance productivity and working relationships.Originality/valueThe study showed that advanced information communication technology helped to overcome some of the communication barriers between the stakeholders in different stages of the lifecycle of a building. However, with building maintenance, proactive responses were encouraged to improve communication between facilities managers and other stakeholders, such as end users.
Communication problems in professional sports: the case of Greece
Authors: Athanasios Laios 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this research was to explore the communication barriers among coaches and players in professional sports, define the basic communication principles, and suggest methods of improving the communication process.Design/methodology/approachThe sample included 24 professional coaches from four different professional team sports in Greece. All subjects were male. The research instrument was developed from a relevant review of literature that focused on main problems in communication inside small groups. There was one set – lists of five variables regarding the problems in communication (limited time, language, etc.). Coaches were asked to indicate the main communication problem.FindingsThe results of this research showed that the most important communication problems between coaches and players in professional sports are: the external factors, the limited time, the language, the ability of perception and the negative attitude. From the above‐mentioned communicational problems, the coaches considered the external factors (41.67 per cent) as the most important, especially when their teams are playing away. The factor of negative attitude was considered as a main problem only by one coach (4.16 per cent).Practical implicationsCommunication is one of the most important functions of management. Coaches of amateur and professional teams should know how to communicate successfully with players in order to maximize individual and team performance. That is why it is important for the coaches to know how to overcome the problems that occur during the communication process with the players.Originality/valueEven most of the coaches are realizing the importance of effective communication; this research points out the main communication problems between coaches and players and suggests methods of improving the communication process.