bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethical ideologies: Efficient assessment and influence on ethical judgments of marketing practices
Authors: Kleiser Susan Bardi , Sivadas Eugene , Kellaris James J. , Dahlstrom Robert F. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIndividuals often differ with respect to their ethical judgments of marketing practices. Personal beliefs are presumably important sources of such differences. This article reports on the development and testing of an original, parsimonious measure of personal moral beliefs based on Forsyth's (1980) taxonomy of ethical ideologies. In contrast to Forsyth's longer, more general measure, the short scale presented here is designed specifically for application in marketing ethics research. Results of three studies suggest that Idealism and Ideological Relativism dimensions can be reliably distinguished and represented by the authors' 7‐item MEI (Marketing Ethical Ideology) scale. Moreover, ethical ideology is shown to influence evaluations of representative ethical problems in marketing. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of counterfactual thought on postpurchase consumer affect
Authors: Walchli Suzanne B. , Landman Janet 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study explored the effects of counterfactual thinking (CFT) on postpurchase consumer affect. CFT is the process of imagining what might have been, that is, comparing reality (what is; the facts) with alternative possibilities. In a vignette study, the presence or absence of CFT, its direction (upward or downward), and outcome valence (positive, negative, or neutral) were manipulated. The participants' tendencies toward strategic optimism and defensive pessimism were measured, and the impact of these factors on postpurchase affect was observed. As expected, results indicated that negative outcomes were associated with greater levels of spontaneous counterfactual thought, and greater affective amplification was associated with the presence of counterfactual thought. More surprising was the finding that consumer regret increased with both downward and upward counterfactual thought, indicating that both contrast and assimilation mechanisms may be operational. With respect to personality, strategic optimists were less sensitive to purchase outcomes and counterfactual thought manipulations than were other respondents. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Management of flaps with compromised venous outflow in head and neck microsurgical reconstruction
Authors: Kubo Tateki , Yano Kenji , Hosokawa Ko 
Published: December 2002

AbstractMicrovascular tissue transfer has become an indispensable procedure for head and neck reconstruction. Although remarkable progress has been made technically, anastomosed vessel occlusion is still a serious complication. Even with technically skilled microsurgeons, anastomosed vessel occlusion occurs because the technique is not the sole prophylaxis against thrombosis in microsurgery. Therefore, to minimize the possibility of an unfavorable result in microsurgery, microsurgeons must be familiar with management options for a vascular compromised flap. Most investigators have agreed that venous obstruction occurs more often than arterial obstruction. Here, we reviewed the published literature on the salvage of venous compromised flaps from the viewpoints of surgical correction, including reanastomosis and catheter thrombectomy, and nonsurgical procedures, such as a medicinal leech, hyperbaric oxygen, and thrombolytic therapy. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:391–395 2002
Vein grafting with telescoping anastomoses for repair of a double‐cut artery
Authors: Hosaka Masato , Saitoh Satoru , Murakami Narumichi , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Hata Yukihiko , Ohira Masayoshi , Kimura Teiji 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe rat femoral artery was cut in two places, and the telescoping anastomosis technique was used for all vascular repairs in combination with vein grafting, to determine whether the telescoping technique could safely be used more than three times for repair of an artery that has been injured at two places. One cut was repaired with vein grafting, and the other with either a telescoping anastomosis (the triple group) or with a second vein grafting (the quadruple group). The patency rate 3 weeks postoperatively was 86.4% for the triple group, and 90.5% for the quadruple group. Although tension of the repaired vessel was kept low by vein grafting, and deformities of the inserted vessel were carefully minimized, the patency rate was not 100%. It appears that a telescoping anastomosis should not be used more than three times on the same artery in combination with vein grafting. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:335–338 2002
Biochemical evaluation of serum and flexor tenosynovium in carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Freeland Alan E. , Tucci Michelle A. , Barbieri Rocco A. , Angel Michael F. , Nick Todd G. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn total, 41 consecutive patients with “idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome” and abnormal electrophysiologic findings who underwent carpal tunnel release were studied prospectively. The focus of this investigation was the evaluation of the levels of specific chemical mediators within the serum and flexor tenosynovium of these patients. Blood was collected from these patients within 1 week prior to carpal tunnel release, and flexor tenosynovium was obtained at time of surgery. Specimens were then analyzed to determine the levels of interleukins 1 and 6, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and malondialdehyde bis diethyl acetal. These values were compared to those of controls who had no evidence of carpal tunnel syndrome. A significant increase was noted in the serum malondialdehyde and tenosynovial levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin 6, and prostaglandin PGE2 compared to controls. The elevated levels of these biologic factors and the absence of interleukin 1 elevation support a noninflammatory ischemia‐reperfusion etiology for so‐called “idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome” that causes progressive edema and fibrosis of the tissues within the carpal canal. These findings correlate with previous histopathology reports. We believe that “idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome” is an “‐osis” not an “‐itis.” © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:378–385 2002
Hypertrophy after free vascularized fibular transfer to the lower limb
Authors: El‐Gammal Tarek Abdalla , El‐Sayed AMR , Kotb Mohammed M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study included 25 patients with lower limb tumors who had reconstruction by vascularized fibula osteoseptocutaneous flap performed at least 24 months before the end of the study. Hypertrophy of the transplanted fibula was estimated on serial radiographs by a modification of the formula of De Boer and Wood (J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 71:374–378, 1989). A significant graft was observed in 90% of the patients at an average follow‐up of 27 months (range, 30–200%). The time to graft union (start of partial weight‐bearing) positively correlated with the time to significant graft hypertrophy (r = 0.9, P < 0.01). The final amount of graft hypertrophy was affected by the age of the patient (P < 0.01) and the length of follow‐up (P < 0.05). Graft hypertrophy progressed at an average rate of 3.3% per month (range, 2.3–4.9%) until the end of the 30th month; thereafter, little or no increase in graft hypertrophy was observed. The rate of graft hypertrophy showed two significant peaks at 6–12 months (P < 0.001) and at 18–24 months (P < 0.05). Patients younger than age 20 years showed faster hypertrophy, with a peak at the 12th month. Hypertrophy progressed faster in patients who received chemotherapy until the 12th month, and then declined sharply compared to those who did not receive chemotherapy. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:367–370 2002
Effect of nondepleting anti‐CD4 monoclonal antibody (Rib 5/2) plus donor antigen pretreatment in peripheral nerve allotransplantation
Authors: Doolabh Vaishali B. , Tung Thomas H. , Wayne Flye M. , Mackinnon Susan E. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPeripheral nerve allotransplantation allows the reconstruction of injuries with long nerve gaps that are otherwise unsalvageable. In this study, the efficacy of anti‐CD4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) combined with donor antigen pretreatment in prolonging the survival of short peripheral nerve allografts was investigated in a rodent model. Such an approach could potentially avoid the need for systemic immunosuppression and its concomitant morbidities. Buffalo rats received either nerve isografts or nerve allografts from Lewis rats. Untreated isograft and allograft groups were used as controls. Allograft recipients received either a single dose of RIB 5/2, a nondepleting anti‐CD4 mAb, a single dose of Lewis splenocytes, or both antigen and RIB 5/2, 7 days prior to transplantation. Flow cytometric analysis verified that the T‐lymphocyte population was maintained, while CD4 expression was downregulated by RIB 5/2. Histologic evaluation demonstrated better regeneration in the allograft recipients receiving both donor antigen and antibody, compared to recipients of untreated allografts or treatment with antigen or antibody alone. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:329–334 2002
Traction injury of common peroneal nerve associated with multiple ligamentous rupture of the knee: A case report
Authors: Takagi Takehiko , Nakao Yasushi , Takayama Shinichiro , Toyama Yoshiaki 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe report on a case of a 19‐year‐old male student who sustained a hyperextension injury to his left knee while playing rugby, which resulted in a traction injury of the common peroneal nerve and multiple ligamentous injuries at the knee joint. The damaged part of the common peroneal nerve was resected, and an end‐to‐end suture was performed, because the gap between the nerve ends was small enough to allow closure with little mobilization. Now, 2.5 years after the surgery, the patient shows remarkable recovery. This result suggests that end‐to‐end suture is an ideal procedure for nerve traction injury, if the nerve ends can be closed without tension, without excessive flexion of the adjacent joint.© 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:339–342 2002
Involvement of numb in vertebrate retinal development: Evidence for multiple roles of numb in neural differentiation and maturation
Authors: Dooley Constance M. , James Jackson , Jane McGlade C. , Ahmad Iqbal 
Published: December 2002

AbstractCell fate specification is regulated in part by lateral inhibition mediated by Notch signaling. Notch signaling is negatively regulated by Numb, an intrinsic factor that regulates cellular competence. In this study we have examined the involvement of Numb in retinal development, which has been shown to be influenced by Notch signaling. In the developing retina, Numb is asymmetrically distributed towards the ventricular and vitreal poles of different cells. Asymmetric localization is evident not only in mitotic cells but in postmitotic ganglion cells as well, suggesting that the subcellular distribution of Numb may play a role after cells have exited the cell cycle. This is supported by the expression of Numb in terminally differentiated neurons in the adult retina. Although Numb is an intrinsic factor, it is observed that its subcellular distribution is influenced by epigenetic cues such that a higher proportion of cells cultured at high density express Numb asymmetrically. A correlation is observed between asymmetric localization and cellular competence; cells in which Numb is asymmetric differentiate more readily in culture than those that express Numb symmetrically. We have identified alternative splice variants in the developing and adult retina that correspond to isoforms that have been shown to regulate proliferation and differentiation. The dynamic temporal expression patterns of alternative splice variants and isoforms suggest that Numb may influence proliferation and differentiation of retinal progenitors during neurogenesis and maturation of postmitotic neurons. Together, these results demonstrate the complex role of the distribution of Numb within progenitors and postmitotic neurons. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 54: 313–325, 2003
Distribution of GluR1 is altered in the olfactory bulb following neonatal naris occlusion
Authors: Hamilton Kathryn A. , Coppola David M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe olfactory system is well suited for studies of glutamate receptor plasticity. The sensory neurons are glutamatergic, and they turn over throughout life, and the olfactory bulb neurons that process their inputs express many of the known glutamate receptor subunits. Neonatal naris occlusion alters olfactory bulb development and the expression of certain neuroactive substances and receptors, at least in part due to loss of the sensory inputs. We therefore postulated that neonatal naris occlusion might alter glutamate receptor expression during postnatal development. Single nares of newborn mice were occluded on postnatal days 1–2, and the distribution of glutamate receptor subunits was evaluated using immunoperoxidase methods. Light microscopic examination on postnatal day 6 failed to reveal adult‐like staining of neuronal cell bodies in the olfactory bulbs. By day 12, cell bodies that were immunoreactive (‐IR) for the GluR1 subunit were visible in the external plexiform layer (EPL) of both sides. By day 18, many of the GluR1‐IR cell bodies could be identified as cell types that had previously been reported to express homomeric GluR1 receptors. Analysis of single, mid‐dorsal sections from 18–25‐day‐old mice showed that the medial EPL of the occluded side had a significantly lower density of these cell bodies. The GluR1 staining of the adjacent mitral cell layer (MCL) was also heavier on the occluded side, but no gross differences in staining for other glutamate receptor subunits were observed. Neonatal naris occlusion therefore appears to provide a new model for studying expression of GluR1 receptors during the development of a discrete population of olfactory bulb neurons. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 54: 326–336, 2003
Using finite element tools in proving shift theorems for elliptic boundary value problems
Authors: Bacuta Constantin , H. Bramble James , E. Pasciak Joseph 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe consider the Laplace equation under mixed boundary conditions on a polygonal domain Ω. Regularity estimates in terms of Sobolev norms of fractional order for this type of problem are proved. The analysis is based on new interpolation results and multilevel representation of norms on the Sobolev spaces Hα(Ω). The Fourier transform and the construction of extension operators to Sobolev spaces on ℝ2 are avoided in the proofs of the interpolation theorems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On preconditioners for mortar discretization of elliptic problems
Authors: Dryja M. , Proskurowski W. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe consider elliptic problems with discontinuous coefficients defined on a union of two polygonal subdomains. The problems are discretized by the finite element method on non‐matching triangulation across the interface. The discrete problems are described by the mortar technique in the space with constraints (the mortar condition) and in the space without constraints using Lagrange multipliers. To solve the discrete problems Preconditioned conjugate gradient iterations are used with Neumann–Dirichlet and Neumann–Neumann preconditioners in the first case, and dual Neumann–Dirichlet and dual Neumann–Neumann (or FETI, the finite element tearing and interconnecting) in the second case. An analysis of convergence of all four of these preconditioners is given. Numerical comparison of their performance on non‐matching grids is presented. The general observation is that all preconditioners considered are very robust for the cases with the discontinuity ratio of 1000 across the interface. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stabilized discontinuous finite element method for elliptic problems
Authors: Ewing Richard E. , Wang Junping , Yang Yongjun 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA new finite element method is proposed and analysed for second order elliptic equations using discontinuous piecewise polynomials on a finite element partition consisting of general polygons. The new method is based on a stabilization of the well‐known primal hybrid formulation by using some least‐squares forms imposed on the boundary of each element. Two finite element schemes are presented. The first one is a non‐symmetric formulation and is absolutely stable in the sense that no parameter selection is necessary for the scheme to converge. The second one is a symmetric formulation, but is conditionally stable in that a parameter has to be selected in order to have an optimal order of convergence.Optimal‐order error estimates in some H1‐equivalence norms are established for the proposed discontinuous finite element methods. For the symmetric formulation, an optimal‐order error estimate is also derived in the L2 norm. The new method features a finite element partition consisting of general polygons as opposed to triangles or quadrilaterals in the standard finite element Galerkin method. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Balancing domain decomposition for mortar mixed finite element methods
Authors: Pencheva Gergina , Yotov Ivan 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe balancing domain decomposition method for mixed finite elements by Cowsar, Mandel, and Wheeler is extended to the case of mortar mixed finite elements on non‐matching multiblock grids. The algorithm involves an iterative solution of a mortar interface problem with one local Dirichlet solve and one local Neumann solve per subdomain on each iteration. A coarse solve is used to guarantee that the Neumann problems are consistent and to provide global exchange of information across subdomains. Quasi‐optimal condition number bounds are derived, which are independent of the jump in coefficients between subdomains. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical results. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multigrid method based on graph matching for convection–diffusion equations
Authors: Kim HwanHo , Xu Jinchao , Zikatanov Ludmil 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn this paper we propose a practical and robust multigrid method for convection–diffusion problems based on a new coarsening techniques for unstructured grids. The idea is to use a graph matching technique to define proper coarse subspaces. Such an approach is based on the graph corresponding to the stiffness matrix, and is purely algebraic. We prove that our coarsening technique preserves the M matrix property. We also give several numerical examples illustrating the robustness of the method with respect to the variations in both the diffusion and convection coefficients. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermodynamic interaction parameter of star–star polybutadiene blends
Authors: Martter T. D. , Foster M. D. , Yoo T. , Xu S. , Lizarraga G. , Quirk R. P. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe value of the thermodynamic interaction parameter, χeff, for star–star polybutadiene blends was determined with small‐angle neutron scattering. Blends in which the stars have the same number of arms and blends in which the stars have different numbers of arms are investigated. For star–star isotopic blends with components having the same number of arms, the presence of the junction point of the star leads to a value of χeff that is larger than that for an analogous linear–linear isotopic blend. However, changes in the value of χeff resulting from small dissimilarities in the number of arms of the two components in the isotopic star–star blends were too small to resolve. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 247–257, 2003
Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis transitions of partially and fully substituted cellulose fatty esters
Authors: Vaca‐Garcia C. , Gozzelino G. , Glasser W. G. , Borredon M. E. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe main transitions of cellulose fatty esters with different degrees of substitution (DSs) were investigated with dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Two distinct main relaxations were observed in partially substituted cellulose esters (PSCEs). They were attributed to the glass‐transition temperature and to the chain local motion of the aliphatic substituents. The temperatures of both transitions decreased when DS or the number of carbon atoms (n) of the acyl substituent increased. Conversely, all the transitions of fully substituted cellulose esters occurred within a narrow temperature range, and they did not vary significantly with n. This phenomenon was explained by the formation of a crystalline phase of the fatty substituents. The presence of few residual OH groups in PSCEs was responsible for a large increase in the storage bending modulus, and it eliminated the effect of n on damping. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 281–288, 2003
Large deformation of films from soft‐core/hard‐shell hydrophobic latices
Authors: Domingues Dos Santos Fabrice , Leibler Ludwik 
Published: December 2002

AbstractStructured soft‐core/hard‐shell hydrophobic latices form rigid and transparent films under ambient conditions without the need of coalescing aids. The studied films have a composite structure, with the majority of soft poly(n‐butyl acrylate) dispersed in a continuous poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix. The matrix is formed by thin latex shells brought into intimate contact by surface forces. Despite the weakness of the interfaces between adjacent shells, the films exhibit high yield stress and surprising ductility. These properties result from a very specific PMMA matrix structure built from PMMA ligaments with a thickness of a few nanometers. Under these conditions, PMMA appears to shear without damage. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 224–234, 2003
Comparison of statistical and blocky copolymers of ethylene terephthalate and ethylene 4,4′‐bibenzoate based on thermal behavior and oxygen transport properties
Authors: Liu R. Y. F. , Hu Y. S. , Hibbs M. R. , Collard D. M. , Schiraldi D. A. , Hiltner A. , Baer E. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was blended with a frustrated liquid‐crystalline polymer, poly(ethylene terephthalate‐co‐4,4′‐bibenzoate) (PETBB55), in the weight ratio 70:30. Under the melt conditions used for blending, NMR analysis showed that some transesterification had occurred. Accordingly, the blended product resembled a blocky copolymer more closely than it did a physical blend. A random copolymer with the same composition was synthesized for comparison. The study examined the effect of the comonomer distribution (blocky vs random) on the thermal behavior and oxygen transport properties of the glassy and cold‐drawn polymers. The glass‐transition temperatures and the crystallization behavior suggested that the PETBB55 blocks phase‐separated as very small domains. Higher levels of orientation, as indicated by higher densities and higher trans glycol fractions, were achieved by the cold drawing of the blocky copolymer. It was speculated that the cold drawing of the blocky copolymer at temperatures up to the glass‐transition temperature of the PETBB55 blocks produced highly oriented PETBB55 domains. Constraints imposed by connections between PET and the PETBB55 blocks prevented the relaxation of the continuous PET phase, even at temperatures well above the glass‐transition temperature of the PET blocks. In this sense, the blocky copolymer embodied the concept of a self‐reinforcing polymer. As a result, an improved oxygen barrier was obtained over a wider range of cold‐draw temperatures with the blocky copolymer. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 289–307, 2003