bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surfactant protein (SP) B associations and interactions with SP‐A in white and black subjects with respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Floros Joanna , Fan Ruzong , Diangelo Susan , Guo Xiaoxuan , Wert John , Luo Junming 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
: The etiology of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is multifactorial and/or multigenic. Surfactant protein A (SP‐A) and/or SP‐B genetic variants have been identified as risk or protection factors for RDS.
Methods
: We genotyped subjects with and without RDS for the SP‐B intron 4 size variants (invariant (inv), deletion (del), insertion (ins) and for four (–18 (A/C), 1013 (A/C), 1580 (C/T), 9306 (A/G)) SP‐B single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), to study case–control associations in black and white subjects. We also determined whether specific SP‐B variants interact with RDS susceptibility or protective SP‐A variants to enhance or reduce risk for RDS.
Results
: Based on odds ratio: (1) the SP‐B intron 4 del variant in white subjects is more of an RDS risk factor for males and for subjects of 28 weeks <gestational age (GA)<33 weeks; (2) the SP‐B intron 4 ins variant in black subjects is more of an RDS risk factor in females; (3) in white subjects, SP‐A1 (6A2/6A2) or SP‐A2 (1A0/1A0 or 1A0/*) genotypes in subjects of certain GA and with a specific SP‐B genotype (9306 (A/G) or del/*) are associated with an enhanced risk for RDS; (4) in black subjects, SP‐A1 (6A3/6A3 or 6A3/*) genotypes in subjects of 31 weeks ≤ GA ≤ 35 weeks and with the SP‐B (1580 (T/T)) genotype are associated with a reduced risk for RDS.
Conclusions
: The SP‐B polymorphisms are important determinants for RDS. These may identify differences between black and white subjects, as well as, between males and females regarding the risk for RDS. Furthermore, SP‐A susceptibility or protective alleles, in specific SP‐B background, are associated, based on OR, with an increased or reduced risk for RDS.
Postoperative speech development based on cleft types in children with cleft palate
Authors: Nakajima Toshiko , Mitsudome Akihisa , Yosikawa Atsushige 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
: The purpose of this historical cohort study was to compare the speech development of children with three types of cleft palate while controlling for some confounding factors.
Methods
: Subjects included 28 children with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), 74 with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), 33 with isolated cleft palate (ICP), and 168 normal control children. Children with cleft palate attended a speech clinic in Fukuoka, had attained adequate velopharyngeal function after palatoplasty carried out within 18 months after birth, and had no syndromic diseases, persistent hearing loss, mental retardation, or central nervous system problems.
Results
: Children with BCLP began using two‐word sentences later than other children (3 months, P<0.01). However, the difference based on sex was also statistically significant. Female patients started using two‐word sentences earlier than male patients (2 months, P<0.01). Children with BCLP had lower verbal scores on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) than other children (12.4–14.9 points, P<0.01). There was no significant difference based on sex.
Conclusions
: The results of this research indicate the following: speech development of children with ICP and UCLP was similar to that of normal children; however, speech development of children with BCLP was delayed compared with other children with or without cleft palate.
Nucleated red blood cell counts and erythropoietin levels in high‐risk neonates
Authors: Vatansever Ülfet , Acuna Betül , Demİr Muzaffer , KarasalİhoĞlu Serap , Ekuklu Galip , Ener Seralp , Pala Özer 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: The presence of increased numbers of nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) and increased levels of erythropoietin (EPO) in the circulation of neonates has been associated with states of relative hypoxia. The aim of this study is to assess the pattern of NRBC counts and EPO levels in a group of high‐risk neonates under stress conditions and determine the short‐term outcome for these babies by using these parameters.
Methods
: There were 69 high‐risk neonates; 14 intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR), 25 preterm infants, 18 term infants with asphyxia and 12 infants of diabetic mothers. Control groups included healthy, term infants delivered either vaginally (n = 18) or with cesarean section (n = 19). Three blood samples were obtained from each infant within 12 h (initial), 3 days and 7 days after birth to measure NRBC counts and EPO levels. Neonatal and short‐term outcomes at 3 and 6 months of age were determined.
Results
: There was no significant difference among the groups with regard to the initial serum EPO concentrations. The initial NRBC counts were significantly lower in the control groups compared with the study groups (P = 0.002). While there was no significant difference between patients with good and poor outcome in terms of EPO concentrations of initial samples, a significant difference existed in terms of NRBC counts (P = 0.038).
Conclusions
: Both serum EPO level and NRBC count provide limited clinical benefit in the detection of pathological conditions of the neonatal period, but NRBC count determination seems to be especially helpful in predicting short‐term neurodevelopmental outcome.
Factors that affect television viewing time in preschool and primary schoolchildren
Authors: Songül Yalçin Siddika , TuĞrul Belma , Naçar NazIre , Tuncer Murat , Yurdakök KadrIye 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Excessive viewing of television (TV) has been linked to aggressive behavior, violence and childhood obesity.Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted among preschool children and primary schoolchildren in Ankara during March and April 1999 to detect the factors that affect TV viewing time and to evaluate their parents’ knowledge, attitudes and practices with regard to TV. The parents were asked to fill out a questionnaire about TV habits of their family, the number and location of TVs in the household and the effect of TV on children. Of 400 questionnaires, 350 answered the questions appropriately for this study. Children were divided into two groups, preschool children and primary schoolchildren. Television viewing time was given daily, as a mean of weekday.Results: The mean age for becoming a TV viewer was 2.7 ± 1.6 years. Of all, 62% of children spent ≥ 2h/day watching TV and 8.3% of children spent > 4 h. The TV viewing time of child was significantly and positively correlated with that of siblings, mother and father for both groups. Age and sleeping time of the child, age and the education level of mother, presence of TV in the child's room and the starting age watching TV did not affect the viewing time. One‐half of parents reported that the TV programs watched included violence, and one‐third thought TV depicts child abuse, especially emotional abuse.Conclusion: It was found that the TV watching habits of parents had an influence on those of their children. Therefore, pediatricians should take ‘TV histories’ of children and their parents and educate parents how to become good TV viewers.
Care for chronically ill children and elderly in the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Davis Anne J. , Martinson Ida 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper examines home care for urban chronically ill elderly and children in the People’s Republic of China. Seventy‐five families with a chronically ill child living at home and 75 families with a chronically ill elderly person living at home responded to in‐depth interview questions. These data provide insights into many dimensions of this home care situation including the severity of the illness and problems experienced by family caregivers. Study results show the difficulties of home health‐care and provide a basis for nursing’s role in China’s future home care.
Histologic evaluation of spermatic veins in patients with varicocele
Authors: Tanji Nozomu , Fujiwara Takashi , Kaji Hiroko , Nishio Shunji , Yokoyama Masayoshi 
Published: March 2003

Background: Information concerning varicocele is limited in spite of its clinical importance. This study intends to clarify anatomical features of varicocele. Methods: Spermatic veins were obtained from varicocele patients at surgery. Areas of two distinct portions (extracellular matrix and smooth muscle) were measured by a micro computer imaging device image analysis system on histologic slides with Masson trichrome stain. In addition, we evaluated the shape and arrangement of the smooth muscle fibers by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: Masson trichrome stain revealed that grade of varicocele partly correlated with thickness of the wall and with amount of the smooth muscle fibers. In the patients with grade 3 varicocele, SEM examination showed marked hypertrophy of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers, which were discriminated clearly from the inner circular fibers. Conclusions: This study indicated that morphological changes occurred in the muscle layers of varicoceles in the worst grade of varicocele. These structural changes which result from abnormal venous blood circulation may cause development of varicocele, resulting in male infertility.
NAT2 gene polymorphism as a possible marker for susceptibility to bladder cancer in Japanese
Authors: Inatomi Hisato , Katoh Takahiko , Kawamoto Toshihiro , Matsumoto Tetsuro 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: N‐acetyltransferase (NAT) is known to metabolize the carcinogen arylamine. The polymorphism of the NAT2 gene is an important determinant of individual susceptibility to bladder cancer. There are significant interethnic differences in NAT2 allele frequencies. The relationship between NAT2 genotypes and bladder cancer in a Japanese population was investigated.
Methods
: A case control study on 85 bladder cancer patients and 146 control subjects was conducted. NAT2 alleles were differentiated by polymerase chain reaction‐based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) methods using originally created PCR primers and genomic DNA extracted from peripheral white blood cells. The NAT2 genotypes were determined by the combination of three known NAT2 mutant type alleles (M1, M2, M3) and the wild type allele.
Results
: NAT2 slow genotypes were associated with bladder cancer risk (odds ratio adjusted for age and gender, 4.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.76–10.81). Among those with NAT2 slow genotypes/smoker, there was a significantly increased risk of 7.80 (95% CI, 1.66–57.87) when the NAT2 rapid genotypes/non‐smoker were considered the reference group. This suggested a possible interaction between NAT2 slow genotypes/smoking status and bladder cancer risk. It was also shown that bladder cancer patients with NAT2 slow genotypes were more likely to have a high grade tumor (G3) or an advanced stage tumor (< pT2–pT4). However, no association between NAT2 genotypes and the survival rate of invasive bladder cancer patients was recognized.
Conclusion
: It was demonstrated that the NAT2 slow acetylation genotype is an important genetic determinant for bladder cancer in a Japanese population.
Expression of growth factors after the release of ureteral obstruction in the rat kidney
Authors: Oka Akihiro , Tanji Nozomu , Toshino Akihiko , Miyauchi Yuuki , Yokoyama Masayoshi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: Little is known about the mechanisms underlying recovery from hydronephrosis. Using a rat kidney model, we investigated the possible contribution of growth factors during regeneration after hydronephrosis.
Methods
: After the unilateral ureteral obstruction for 7 days, the obstruction was released by ureterocystostomy. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) were studied using immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).
Results
: The immunoreaction of EGF in the medulla of both obstructed and contralateral kidneys increased after releasing the obstruction. The release of ureteral obstruction brought further increased immunoreaction of HGF to both the cortex and the medulla of the contralateral kidney. The immunoreaction of TGF‐β1 also increased in the interstitium especially around the blood vessels in the post‐obstructed kidney. The expression of HGF and EGF mRNA in both kidneys and TGF‐β1 mRNA in the obstructed kidney were increased after releasing the obstruction.
Conclusions
: These results suggest that various growth factors may be involved in the post‐obstructive tubular recovery and interstitial damage in the rat kidney.
Poorly differentiated sarcoma of the prostate causing obstructive acute renal failure: A case report
Authors: Mukouyama Hideki , Sugaya Kimio , Ogawa Yoshihide , Koyama Yuzo , Hatano Tadashi , Toda Takayoshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA 12‐year‐old boy presented to the Naha Municipal Hospital complaining of back pain. After intravenous pyelography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography and biopsy, he was suspected to have sarcoma of the prostate and was referred to the University of the Ryukyus Hospital. Acute renal failure of the post renal type was evident, accompanied by minimal hydronephrosis. Emergency hemodialysis and right ureterostomy were performed, as was a transurethral prostate biopsy. The specimen showed a poorly differentiated sarcoma not otherwise classifiable. After recovery from surgery, chemotherapy was attempted over 2 months, but the patient died of tumor 250 days after admission.
Direct screening of the IMP‐1 metallo‐β‐lactamase gene (blaIMP) from urine samples by polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Katsuno Satoshi , Takashi Munehisa , Ohshima Shinichi , Ohta Michio , Kato Nobuo , Kurokawa Hiroshi , Arakawa Yoshichika 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background: As Gram‐negative bacterial isolates producing plasmid‐mediated IMP‐1 metallo‐β‐lactamase usually demonstrate resistance to various broad‐spectrum β‐lactams, including cephamycins and carbapenems, transmission and proliferation of these microorganisms in clinical settings could become a clinical threat in the near future. According to previous studies by the same authors, IMP‐1‐producing strains are usually isolated from urine samples. Therefore, in this study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied for direct screening of the IMP‐1 metallo‐β‐lactamase gene in urine samples.Method: Urine samples were collected from 273 inpatients to whom various broad‐spectrum β‐lactams, including carbapenems, had been administered in 57 hospitals in 1997. DNA templates for PCR analyses were prepared directly from 19 urine samples from which Serratia marcescens strains demonstrating high‐level resistance (minimal inhibitory concentration > 128 μg/mL) to both ceftazidime and cefoperazone–sulbactam were later isolated.Results: The IMP‐1 metallo‐β‐lactamase gene (bla&Igr;&Mgr;&Rgr;)‐specific 578 bp fragments were able to be amplified successfully in eight of the 19 samples. In the seven strains isolated from the eight samples, the presence of blaIMP was also detected by a DNA hybridization analysis. The lower limit of the PCR method was determined as 1 × 102 CFU of blaIMP‐bearing bacterial cells per 1 mL of urine sample. No false positive result was found.ConclusionThe PCR‐aided direct screening of blaIMP is applicable to early recognition of IMP‐1‐producing bacteria in urine samples. This method would help to prevent nosocomial and interhospital transmission of this kind of hazardous bacteria, as well as the advancement of rigorous infection control.
Acute normovolemic hemodilution for radical prostatectomy: Can it replace preoperative autologous blood transfusion?
Authors: Terada Naoki , Arai Yoichi , Matsuta Yosuke , Maekawa Shinya , Okubo Kazutoshi , Ogura Keiji , Matsuda Norimasa , Yonei Akitomo 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background: Although preoperative autologous blood donation (PAD) is accepted as a standard of care for radical prostatectomy, it is costly, time‐consuming and has risks associated with blood storage. Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) is reported to be less expensive and to preserve blood components more effectively than PAD. In the present study, the efficacy and safety of these two autologous blood‐collection techniques were compared.Methods: The study included 16 consecutive patients scheduled for radical prostatectomy. The first eight patients underwent conventional preoperative autologous blood donation of 400 mL 1 week before the operation (PAD group) and the second eight patients underwent acute normovolemic hemodilution followed by immediate operation (ANH group). All blood collected was transfused in the perioperative period. Preoperative and postoperative hematocrit levels in these two groups were compared.Results: There were no differences in preoperative hematocrit, time of operation or operative blood loss between the two groups. In the ANH group, 1080 ± 160 mL of blood were collected. The postoperative hematocrit level did not differ significantly between the groups. No patient in either group received allogeneic blood transfusion or experienced an adverse event directly related to blood transfusion.Conclusion: The two blood‐conservation strategies resulted in similar postoperative hematologic outcomes. Given its advantages, which include lower cost, lower risk and higher convenience, ANH is one of the procedures that may replace conventional PAD for use in radical prostatectomy.
An anterior urethral stitch improves urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy
Authors: Sugimura Yoshiki , Hioki Takuichi , Yamada Yasushi , Fumino Miki , Inoue Takahiro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective: To determine the effects of an anterior urethral stitch, referred to as an endopelvic anterior urethral stitch (EAUS), in reducing recovery time for post‐prostatectomy urinary incontinence.Methods: The urinary continence recovery time for 24 patients, who received a retropubic radical prostatectomy with the EAUS procedure, was compared to that of a historical control series of 22 patients without EAUS. The EAUS is a simple 2‐0 polyglactin stitch placed between the bunched dorsal vein complex and the anterior urethra. This procedure was performed at the time of urethro‐vesical anastomosis. Continence recovery time was defined as the day after removal of the urethral catheter when the patient no longer required pads for incontinence.Results: A significantly shorter time for continence recovery (median 8.5 days) was obtained in EAUS patients compared with that of the control series (median 72 days) (P < 0.0001). Early recovery of continence was observed in 12/24 patients (50%) within 1 week and 18/24 patients (75%) within 1 month in EAUS patients. No adverse effects or complications were observed in the EAUS patients.Conclusion: A surgical procedure, the EAUS, has been developed that reduces urinary incontinence in patients who have undergone a radical prostatectomy. This procedure is simple and quick and improves recovery of continence without any side‐effects.
Recovery of sexual function after nerve‐sparing radical prostatectomy or cystectomy
Authors: Miyao Noriomi , Adachi Hideki , Sato Yoshikazu , Horita Hiroki , Takahashi Atsushi , Masumori Naoya , Kitamura Hiroshi , Tsukamoto Taiji 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: The recovery of sexual function (erectile function and frequency of sexual intercourse) over time after nerve‐sparing radical prostatectomy or cystoprostatectomy was evaluated.Methods: Forty‐nine consecutive patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and muscle‐invasive bladder cancer were treated with radical prostatectomy and radical cystoprostatectomy with a nerve‐sparing procedure. Erectile function was evaluated by the circumferential change of the penis during nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT value) with an erectometer before and after surgery. Erectile function and the frequency of sexual intercourse were also evaluated with a self‐administered questionnaire before and after surgery. Multivariate analysis by Cox's proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the factor(s) that affected the recovery of erectile function and sexual intercourse.Results: The recovery rates of erectile function were 49% at 3 years and 79% at 5 years. For recovery of sexual intercourse the rates were 36% at 3 years and 57% at 5 years. Multivariate analysis revealed that the preoperative NPT value was the only independent factor which significantly affected the recovery of erectile function. The age at surgery was a significant factor for recovery of sexual intercourse.Conclusion: Nerve‐sparing operations can often, but not always, provide preservation or recovery of erectile function for patients who receive radical prostatectomy or cystoprostatectomy. Recovery of erectile function depends upon the preoperative NPT value and recovery of sexual intercourse depends upon the age of the patient.
Prophylactic intravesical instillation of mitomycin C and cytosine arabinoside for prevention of recurrent bladder tumors following surgery for upper urinary tract tumors: A prospective randomized study
Authors: Sakamoto Naotaka , Naito Seiji , Kumazawa Joichi , Ariyoshi Asami , Osada Yukio , Omoto Tetsuo , Fujisawa Yasuhito , Morita Ichikirou , Yamashita Hiroshi , The Kyushu University Urological Oncology Group  
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background: A recurrence of bladder tumors following surgery for transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract is not rarely observed. A prospective randomized study was conducted to examine the significance of prophylactic intravesical instillation of mitomycin C (MMC) and cytosine arabinoside (Ara‐C) to prevent recurrent bladder tumors after surgery for superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.Methods: The patients were randomized into an instillation group, who received postoperative intravesical instillation of MMC (20 mg) and Ara‐C (200 mg) 28 times over a period of 2 years, and a non‐instillation group. The non‐recurrence rate was then compared between the groups.Results: Of the 27 patients registered, 25 patients (13 with instillation and 12 without instillation) were able to be evaluated, with a median follow‐up period of 45 months. The non‐recurrence rate of bladder tumors in the instillation group was higher than that in the non‐instillation group. Although the difference was not statistically significant, the P‐value (P = 0.079) demonstrated a strong trend. When any possible bias was allowed for a multivariate analysis, the difference was almost significant (P = 0.0567). No patients withdrew from this study due to any side‐effects.Conclusion: The postoperative instillation of MMC and Ara‐C may be a useful approach for reducing the recurrence of bladder tumors after surgery for upper urinary tract tumors.