bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No Superior Bone Union Outcomes with Allografts Compared to No Grafts and Autografts Following Medial Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mao Yunhe , Yao Lei , Li Junqiao , Li Jian , Xiong Yan 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveThere has been long‐standing debate about whether a medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) gap should be filled with autologous bone graft or any other filler to expedite the healing process. The main purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of MOWHTO with an opening gap ≥10 mm, utilizing autograft, allograft, or no graft at 1 year postoperatively.MethodsA total of 68 patients were included in this retrospective study and divided into three treatment groups: Group A (no bone graft), Group B (autologous iliac crest graft), and Group C (allogenous tibia plateau graft). At postoperative 1‐year follow‐up, the area of callus filling in the most medial side of the knee was measured using anteroposterior radiographs, and a modified van Hemert scoring system was used to evaluate bone union outcomes in five mediolaterally divided zones. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores and relevant complications were assessed. The correlations between the gap width and bone union scores were evaluated.ResultsPatients in the autograft group demonstrated better bone union progression (p = 0.031) and higher bone union scores (p < 0.01) compared to patients in the allograft or no graft groups. There were no significant differences in terms of postoperative WOMAC scores and incidence of complications among the three groups. No discernible linear relationships between the width of the opening gap and the bone union score were found.ConclusionFor MOWHTOs with an average gap opening width of 12.1 mm, autografts resulted in superior bone union outcomes compared to allografts and no graft at 1 year postoperatively. However, no bone graft achieved similar outcomes to allografts, suggesting that routine use of allografts should not be recommended.
Mapping of Purkinje‐related ventricular arrhythmias by a multispline catheter with small and close‐paired electrodes: Comparison with conventional catheters
Authors: Takase Susumu , Mukai Yasushi , Nagaoka Kazuhiro , Ogawa Kiyohiro , Kawai Shunsuke , Honda Nobuhiro , Nagayama Tomomi , Tohyama Takeshi , Inoue Shujiro , Sadamatsu Kenji , Tashiro Hideki , Sakamoto Kazuo , Matoba Tetsuya , Chishaki Akiko , Kinugawa Shintaro , Tsutsui Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrecise mapping of the Purkinje fiber network is essential in catheter ablation of Purkinje‐related ventricular arrhythmias (PrVAs). We sought to evaluate the mapping ability of a multi‐spline duodecapolar catheter (PentaRay) for PrVAs.MethodsMappings of Purkinje fibers by PentaRay catheters were compared with those by conventional mapping catheters in consecutive patients undergoing catheter ablation of PrVAs from 2015 to 2022.ResultsSixteen PrVAs (7 premature ventricular contractions or non‐reentrant fascicular tachycardias [PVCs/NRFTs] and 9 fascicular ventricular tachycardias [FVTs]) were retrospectively studied. In PVCs/NRFTs, earliest preceding Purkinje potentials (PPs) could be recorded by the PentaRay catheters but not by the mapping and ablation catheters in 5 cases. At the earliest PP sites, the precedence from the QRS onset was greater, and the amplitude of the preceding potentials was higher in the PentaRay catheter compared with those in the mapping and ablation catheter (−62.0 ± 42.8 vs. −29.4 ± 34.2 ms, P = 0.02; 0.45 ± 0.43 vs. 0.09 ± 0.08 mV, P = 0.02). In FVTs, late diastolic potentials (P1) were recorded by the PentaRay catheters but not by the mapping and ablation catheters or the linear duodecapolar catheter in 2 cases. The amplitude of P1 was higher in the PentaRay catheter compared with that in the linear duodecapolar catheter and the mapping and ablation catheters (0.72 ± 0.49 vs. 0.17 ± 0.18 vs. 0.27 ± 0.21 mV, P = 0.0006, P = 0.002). The localized critical PPs, defined as the earliest preceding potentials in PVCs/NRFTs and P1 in FVTs, could be recorded in all the patients by the PentaRay catheter. The mapping ability of critical PPs of PrVAs was better with the PentaRay catheter than with the conventional mapping catheters (16/16 vs. 9/16, P = 0.004 by McNemar exact test).ConclusionsThe PentaRay catheter has clinical advantages in mapping of the Purkinje fiber network to reveal critical PPs as ablation targets of PrVAs.
Network analysis of neuropsychiatric, cognitive, and functional complications of stroke: implications for novel treatment targets
Authors: Oestreich Lena K.L. , Lo Jessica W. , Di Biase Maria A. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Mok Alice H. , Wright Paul , Crawford John D. , Lam Ben , Traykov Latchezar , Köhler Sebastian , Staals Julie E.A. , van Oostenbrugge Robert , Chen Christopher , Desmond David W. , Yu Kyung‐Ho , Lee Minwoo , Klimkowicz‐Mrowiec Aleksandra , Bordet Régis , O'Sullivan Michael J. , Zalesky Andrew 
Published: December 2023

AimRecovery from stroke is adversely affected by neuropsychiatric complications, cognitive impairment, and functional disability. Better knowledge of their mutual relationships is required to inform effective interventions. Network theory enables the conceptualization of symptoms and impairments as dynamic and mutually interacting systems. We aimed to identify interactions of poststroke complications using network analysis in diverse stroke samples.MethodsData from 2185 patients were sourced from member studies of STROKOG (Stroke and Cognition Consortium), an international collaboration of stroke studies. Networks were generated for each cohort, whereby nodes represented neuropsychiatric symptoms, cognitive deficits, and disabilities on activities of daily living. Edges characterized associations between them. Centrality measures were used to identify hub items.ResultsAcross cohorts, a single network of interrelated poststroke complications emerged. Networks exhibited dissociable depression, apathy, fatigue, cognitive impairment, and functional disability modules. Worry was the most central symptom across cohorts, irrespective of the depression scale used. Items relating to activities of daily living were also highly central nodes. Follow‐up analysis in two studies revealed that individuals who worried had more densely connected networks than those free of worry (CASPER [Cognition and Affect after Stroke: Prospective Evaluation of Risks] study: S = 9.72, P = 0.038; SSS [Sydney Stroke Study]: S = 13.56, P = 0.069).ConclusionNeuropsychiatric symptoms are highly interconnected with cognitive deficits and functional disabilities resulting from stroke. Given their central position and high level of connectedness, worry and activities of daily living have the potential to drive multimorbidity and mutual reinforcement between domains of poststroke complications. Targeting these factors early after stroke may have benefits that extend to other complications, leading to better stroke outcomes.
Public willingness, attitudes and related factors toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A grounded theory study
Authors: Sun Mengxue , Waters Catherine M. , Zhu Aiqun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesDespite receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training, over 50% of bystanders were unable to actually perform CPR. Understanding public willingness and attitudes toward bystander CPR is crucial in explaining whether people initiate CPR. This study aimed to develop a theoretical understanding of factors that influence the public's willingness and attitudes to perform CPR.DesignThis was a qualitative study using the grounded theory method.MethodsThe data were collected from semi‐structured interviews with 28 participants between August 2022 and November 2022. Purposive sampling and theoretical sampling were used to recruit participants. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding.ResultsNine categories and 24 subcategories were summarized from four aspects: willingness, attitudes, implementation, and training. Willingness included self‐willingness, self‐perception, and societal factors; attitudes covered personality traits, reactions to patients and environment; implementation comprised knowledge and skills, situational coping, and risk perception; training included CPR training accessibility and barriers to CPR training. A theoretical framework of public CPR willingness, attitudes, and their influencing factors was developed.ConclusionThe public's CPR willingness, attitudes, training, and implementation were interrelated and influential. The findings may have significant implications for the development of legislation and policy related to CPR popularization and training.
Assessing key behavioural theories of drought risk adaptation: Evidence from rural Kenya
Authors: Schrieks Teun , Botzen W. J. Wouter , Haer Toon , Wasonga Oliver V. , Aerts Jeroen C. J. H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Horn of Africa Drylands are increasingly experiencing severe droughts, which impose a threat on traditional livelihood strategies. Understanding adaptation behavior in rural communities is key to helping reduce the impact of these droughts. We investigate adaptation behavior by assessing four established economic and social psychological theories on decision making under risk: expected utility theory (EUT), rank dependent utility theory (RDU), protection motivation theory (PMT), and theory of planned behavior (PMT). To measure adaptation behavior and the theory constructs, we conducted a household survey in Kenya (N = 502). Regression analysis shows that the economic theories (EUT and RDU) have the best fit for our data. Risk and time preferences are found to play an important role in adaptation decisions. An analysis of differences in decision making for distinct types of adaptation measures shows that risk averse (agro‐)pastoralists are more likely to implement adaptation measures that are adjustments to their current livelihood practices, and less willing to invest in adaptation measures that require a shift to other livelihood activities. Moreover, we find significant effects for elements of the social psychological theories (PMT and TPB). A person's belief in their own ability to implement an adaptation measure (perceived self‐efficacy) and adaptation by family and friends are important factors in explaining adaptation decisions. Finally, we find that the type of adaptation measures that people implement is influenced by, among others, gender, education level, access to financial resources, and access to government support or aid. Our analysis gives insights into the drivers of individual adaptation decisions, which can enhance policies promoting adaptation of dryland communities.
Twelve‐month kidney and liver outcomes of kidney transplantation from Hepatitis C Viremic deceased donors to aviremic recipients
Authors: Binari Laura A. , Thorne Peter , Rega Scott A. , Feurer Irene D. , Shawar Saed , Naik Ruchi , Birdwell Kelly A. , Helderman J. Harold , Langone Anthony , Sarrell Bonnie Ann , Schaefer Heidi , DuBray Bernard John , Eid Kareem , Hickman Laura , Shaffer David , Concepcion Beatrice P. , Forbes Rachel C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionUtilization of hepatitis C viremic (HCV+) deceased donor kidneys (DDKT) for aviremic recipients increases opportunities for transplantation with excellent short‐term outcomes. Our primary aim was to understand longer‐term outcomes, specifically assessing kidney and liver function in the first year posttransplant.MethodsThis was a retrospective single‐center study of adult DDKT recipients of HCV+ kidneys (cases) matched 1:1 to recipients of HCV‐ kidneys (comparators). Between‐group outcomes were analyzed using comparisons of means and proportions, survival analysis methods, and multivariable mixed effects models.ResultsSixty‐five cases and 65 comparators had statistically comparable demographic and clinical characteristics. There were no between‐group differences in serum creatinine or estimated glomerular filtration rate at month 12 (p = .662) or in their trajectories over months 1–12 (p > .292). Within the first 60 days, rates of liver function values >3 times upper limit of normal among cases were comparable to comparators for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (14% vs. 6%, p = .242) and higher for alanine transaminase (ALT) (23% vs. 6%, p = .011). AST declined during the first 8 weeks (p = .005) and stabilized for both groups (p = .406) during the following 10 months. ALT declined during the first 8 weeks (p < .001), continued to decline over months 3–12 (p = .016), and the trajectory was unrelated to antiviral therapy initiation among cases.ConclusionsAviremic recipients of HCV+ kidneys had comparable kidney outcomes to matched recipients of HCV‐ kidneys. Despite more HCV+ recipients having an elevation in ALT within the first 60 days, ALT values normalized with no identified liver complications attributed to HCV.
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RELAY COORDINATION PLANNING FOR HIGH PHOTOVOLTAIC PENETRATION USING PRESET-TIME METHOD
Authors: Abduljabbar Abdulkareem Ahmed , Md Rasid Madihah , Jamian Jasrul Jamani , Md Sapari Norazliani 
Published: December 2023

In light of the advancement and technological development, electricity has become the main component of all areas of life. Photovoltaic (PV) systems are widely used within distribution networks. Despite all the advantages that PV possesses, it has some effects on the protection system. One of the most essential effects caused by PV is an increase in the relay operating time (ROT) of the backup protection relay during faults. Many studies have focused on improving the coordination of protection relays at high PV penetration, either by using current limiters or modifying the characteristics of the protection curves. However, they require a high cost and advanced relay. Therefore, the Preset-Time method is introduced in this study to shorten the ROT of the backup protection relay within the radial distribution networks which contributes to accelerating the removal of faults. The proposed method is tested on the Iraqi distribution network and is simulated using ETAP 19 software. The performance of the Preset-Time method is evaluated during the change in penetration levels. To validate the preset time method, its results are compared to the conventional method and the Max PSM method. From the results obtained by the Preset-Time method, the highest percentage of reduction in ROT was 33.20% and 29.23% compared to the conventional and the Max PSM methods, respectively.
SIMULATION OF OPTIMAL MIX OF SIO2-TIO2-AL2O3 NANO ADDITIVES FOR THE MINIMAL WEAR AND COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION OF LUBRICANT USING FUZZY LOGIC
Authors: E Sankar , K Duraivelu 
Published: December 2023

Nano-particles of oxides of various metals are typically added with the base lubricants for enhancing the tribological properties, especially the wear and coefficient of friction of the lubricants. However, it is required to determine the optimum proportion of mix of the nano-additives in order to obtain the desirable characteristics gained through the addition of various oxides of metals mixed with the lubricants. This paper deals with the application of fuzzy logic to simulate the various proportions of a mix of three nano-additives of SiO2, Al2O3 and TiO2 with the corresponding predicted values of tribological characteristics of wear and coefficient of friction. The limited number of outcomes obtained from a full factorial design of experiments carried out with these three nano-additives at three different levels of mixing, are used as inputs to the fuzzy logic simulation. This approach facilitates simulating as many combinations of nano-additives as possible with the base lubricant oil along with the predicted output of characteristics of interest, which otherwise will be cumbersome to carry out the experiments for all the combinations of mix of additives.
Compressor Tip Leakage Mechanisms
Authors: Taylor James V. , Dickens Anthony M. J. , Simpson Harry 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The over tip leakage flow in an unshrouded compressor blade row is highly three dimensional, yet in order for aerodynamicists to analyze and improve designs, they must be able to simplify the problem down to a limited number of mechanisms. In this article, the behaviors of the dominant loss mechanisms are investigated using a multi-order methodology that combines rapid experimental tests of different geometries, detailed measurements in a large rotating rig, large numbers of industry-standard 3D Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations, and a single direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the datum geometry. The three loss mechanisms identified are ultimately caused by mismatches in flow velocity: separation of the flow as it enters the gap, mixing of the leakage jet with the mainstream close to the suction surface, and endwall shear acting on the jet itself at mid passage. This article is presented in three sections: First, the loss mechanisms are visualized and examined in detail using experiment, simulation, and models. Second, the uncertainty in industry-standard predictions is analyzed and improvements to turbulence modeling are presented. Finally, a matrix of blades with different 3D designs is used to investigate the balance of loss mechanisms and a reduction in total loss generation.
Asymptotic Stress Field for the Blunt and Sharp Notches in Bi-Material Media Under Mode III Loading
Authors: Mirzaei Amir Mohammad , Sapora Alberto , Cornetti Pietro 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study introduces a novel approach to analyze the stress and displacement fields around blunt notches in bi-material media, focusing on mode III loading conditions. The eigenfunction expansion method is used to derive a simplified yet accurate solution, satisfying the boundary conditions for bi-material blunt V-notches. The robustness of the proposed asymptotic solution is validated through several finite element analyses, encompassing a range of notched geometries such as blunt V-notches, VO-notches, and circular holes. Notably, it is demonstrated that when the notch tip radius approaches zero, the solution coincides with the existing sharp V-notch model.
TLR4 sensing of IsdB of
Staphylococcus aureus
induces a proinflammatory cytokine response via the NLRP3-caspase-1 inflammasome cascade
Authors: Gonzalez Juan José Izquierdo , Hossain Md Faruq , Neef Jolanda , Zwack Erin E. , Tsai Chih-Ming , Raafat Dina , Fechtner Kevin , Herzog Luise , Kohler Thomas P. , Schlüter Rabea , Reder Alexander , Holtfreter Silva , Liu George Y. , Hammerschmidt Sven , Völker Uwe , Torres Victor J. , van Dijl Jan Maarten , Lillig Christopher H. , Bröker Barbara M. , Darisipudi Murty N. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

The iron-regulated surface determinant protein B (IsdB) of
Staphylococcus aureus
is involved in the acquisition of iron from hemoglobin. Moreover, IsdB elicits an adaptive immune response in mice and humans. Here, we show that IsdB also has impact on innate immunity. IsdB induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-1β, in innate immune cells of humans and mice.
In silico
analysis and thermophoresis show that IsdB directly binds to TLR4 with high affinity. TLR4 sensing was essential for the IsdB-mediated production of IL-6, IL-1β, and other cytokines as it was abolished by blocking of TLR4-MyD88-IRAK1/4-NF-κB signaling. The release of IL-1β additionally required activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In human monocytes infected with live
S. aureus
, IsdB was necessary for maximal IL-1β release. Our studies identify
S. aureus
IsdB as a novel pathogen-associated molecular pattern that triggers innate immune defense mechanisms.

IMPORTANCE

The prevalence of multidrug-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
is of global concern, and vaccines are urgently needed. The iron-regulated surface determinant protein B (IsdB) of
S. aureus
was investigated as a vaccine candidate because of its essential role in bacterial iron acquisition but failed in clinical trials despite strong immunogenicity. Here, we reveal an unexpected second function for IsdB in pathogen-host interaction: the bacterial fitness factor IsdB triggers a strong inflammatory response in innate immune cells via Toll-like receptor 4 and the inflammasome, thus acting as a novel pathogen-associated molecular pattern of
S. aureus
. Our discovery contributes to a better understanding of how
S. aureus
modulates the immune response, which is necessary for vaccine development against the sophisticated pathogen.
Sulfur metabolism-mediated fungal glutathione biosynthesis is essential for oxidative stress resistance and pathogenicity in the plant pathogenic fungus
Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Park Jiyeun , Han Jae Woo , Lee Nahyun , Kim Sieun , Choi Soyoung , Lee Hyun-Hee , Kim Jung-Eun , Seo Young-Su , Choi Gyung Ja , Lee Yin-Won , Kim Hun , Son Hokyoung 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

The oxidative stress response is required for plant pathogens to endure host-derived oxidative stress during infection. Previously, we identified the eight transcription factors (TFs) involved in the oxidative stress response in the plant pathogenic fungus
Fusarium graminearum
and found that of these TFs, the deletion of
FgbZIP007
caused hypersensitivity to oxidative stress. However, the underlying mechanisms of Fgbzip007 are not fully understood. Based on chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis, we found the regulons of Fgbzip007, and further genetic studies demonstrated that Fgbzip007 is a key regulator for sulfur assimilation. The deletion strains of
FgbZIP007
and its regulons exhibited low level of glutathione biosynthesis, which led to characterize glutathione biosynthesis. Fgbzip007-mediated sulfur assimilation is required for glutathione biosynthesis, which is essential for oxidative stress resistance and pathogenicity in
F. graminearum
. Although the reduced resistance of glutathione-deficient mutants against oxidative stress was restored by overexpression of
FCA7
, encoding a core peroxidase, but not on pathogenicity, suggesting that glutathione in pathogenesis is independent of antioxidant properties. This study characterized the function of genes of glutathione biosynthesis, provides specific insight into how Fgbzip007 regulates pathogenesis in
F. graminearum
, and establishes a genetic framework for the molecular dissection of a TF Fgbzip007 with the integration of pathogen responses to oxidative stress.

IMPORTANCE

Fusarium graminearum
is a destructive fungal pathogen that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) on a wide range of cereal crops. To control fungal diseases, it is essential to comprehend the pathogenic mechanisms that enable fungi to overcome host defenses during infection. Pathogens require an oxidative stress response to overcome host-derived oxidative stress. Here, we identify the underlying mechanisms of the Fgbzip007-mediated oxidative stress response in
F. graminearum
. ChIP-seq and subsequent genetic analyses revealed that the role of glutathione in pathogenesis is not dependent on antioxidant functions in
F. graminearum
. Altogether, this study establishes a comprehensive framework for the Fgbzip007 regulon on pathogenicity and oxidative stress responses, offering a new perspective on the role of glutathione in pathogenicity.
Whole-genome sequence of
Proteus faecis
CR112, isolated from the gut of a healthy
Labeo rohita
Authors: Paul Sulav Indra , Khan Saif Uddin , Foysal Md Javed , Rahman Md Mahbubur 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Bacteria of the genus
Proteus
are gram-negative bacilli.
Proteus faecis
CR112 was isolated from fish gut based on its antibacterial activity against fish pathogens. The genome sequence of CR112 provided valuable information about its secondary metabolite gene clusters.