bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density profile of a self-gravitating polytropic turbulent fluid in a rotating disc near to the cloud core
Authors: Donkov S , Stefanov I Zh , Veltchev T V , Klessen R S 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We obtain two equations (following from two different approaches) for the density profile in a self-gravitating polytropic cylindrically symmetric and rotating turbulent gas disc. The adopted physical picture is appropriate to describe the conditions near to the cloud core where the equation of state of the gas changes from isothermal (in the outer cloud layers) to one of ‘hard polytrope’, and the symmetry changes from spherical to cylindrical. On the assumption of steady state, as the accreting matter passes through all spatial scales, we show that the total energy per unit mass is an invariant with respect to the fluid flow. The obtained equation describes the balance of the kinetic, thermal, and gravitational energy of a fluid element. We also introduce a method for approximating density profile solutions (in a power-law form), leading to the emergence of three different regimes. We apply, as well, dynamical analysis of the motion of a fluid element. Only one of the regimes is in accordance with the two approaches (energy and force balance). It corresponds to a density profile of a slope −2, polytropic exponent 3/2, and sub-Keplerian rotation of the disc, when the gravity is balanced by the thermal pressure. It also matches with some observations and numerical works and, in particular, leads to a second power-law tail (of a slope ∼−1) of the density distribution function in dense, self-gravitating cloud regions.
Associating fast radio bursts with compact binary mergers via gravitational lensing
Authors: Singh Mukesh Kumar , Kapadia Shasvath J , Basak Soummyadip , Ajith Parameswaran , Tendulkar Shriharsh P 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs) is currently an open question with several proposed sources and corresponding mechanisms for their production. Among them are compact binary coalescences (CBCs) that also generate gravitational waves (GWs). Spatial and temporal coincidences between GWs and FRBs have so far been used to search for potential FRB counterparts to GWs from CBCs. However, such methods suffer from relatively poor sky-localization of the GW sources, and similarly poor luminosity distance estimates of both GW and FRB sources. The expected time-delay between the GW and radio emission is also poorly understood. In this work, we propose an astrophysical scenario that could potentially provide an unambiguous association between CBCs and FRBs, if one exists, or unambiguously rule out FRB counterparts to a given CBC GW event. We demonstrate that if a CBC that emitted both GWs and FRBs is gravitationally lensed, we can make a &gt;5σ association using time-delay estimates of the lensed GW and FRB images (in strong lensing), which are expected to be measured with millisecond (for GW) and nano-second (FRB) precisions. We also demonstrate that the CBC–FRB association can be made in the microlensing regime as well where wave-optics effects modulate the GW waveform. We further investigate the rate of such detected associations in future observing scenarios of both GW and radio detectors.
Membranous nephropathy treatment standard
Authors: Radhakrishnan Yeshwanter , Zand Ladan , Sethi Sanjeev , Fervenza Fernando C 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is characterized by deposition of immune complexes leading to thickening of glomerular basement membranes. Over time, the understanding of MN has evolved, with the identification of specific autoantibodies against novel podocyte antigens and the unraveling of intricate pathogenic pathways. Although the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab is favored as part of the initial therapy in MN, a subgroup of MN patients may be resistant to rituximab necessitating the use of alternative agents such as cytotoxic therapies. In addition, newer agents such as novel anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, therapies targeting the CD38-positive plasma cells and anti-complement therapy are being studied in patients who are resistant to traditional treatment strategies. This manuscript furnishes a review of the novel developments in the pathophysiology of MN including the identification of target antigens and current treatment standards for MN, concentrating on evidenced-based interventions designed to attain remission and to prevent disease progression.
Representation of degree correlation using eigenvalue decomposition and its application to epidemic models
Authors: Morita Satoru 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Degree correlation plays a crucial role in studying network structures; however, its varied forms pose challenges to understanding its impact on network dynamics. In this study, a method is devised that uses eigenvalue decomposition to characterize degree correlations. Additionally, the applicability of this method is demonstrated by approximating the basic and type reproduction numbers in an epidemic network model. The findings elucidate the interplay between degree correlations and epidemic behavior, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of social networks and their dynamics.
Flavor physics at LHCb: 50 years of the Kobayashi–Maskawa paradigm
Authors: Koppenburg Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The LHCb experiment has been in operation since 2009 and has provided measurements of the Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix with unprecedented precision. 50 years after the original paper we are in the position to pin down the parameters of the theory, or possibly to show its limitations. In these proceedings the status of LHCb is shown from a historical perspective, along with some anecdotes.
Evidence of fast neutron operating in Oklo
Authors: Hidaka Hiroshi , Bentridi Salah-Eddine , Gall Benoit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the discovery of the first reactor zone (RZ) at the Oklo uranium deposit in 1972, many isotopic studies have been performed to understand the mechanism of the operation as fission reactors and to trace the migration behaviors of fissiogenic isotopes produced in the Oklo RZs. As the representative parameters to characterize the operating conditions of RZs, neutron fluence generated in RZ, duration of RZ operation, restitution factor of 235U from α decay of 239Pu produced by neutron capture of 238U and the proportion of fission events due to 235U, 238U and 239Pu are compiled and compared with individual RZs. In particular, one of the Oklo RZs, RZ 13, shows several specific features in the view point of isotopic and nuclear characteristics. By comparison of the data between RZ13 and other RZs, fission contribution of 238U for RZ13 is found to be significantly higher than those of other RZs.
Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal/Stromal Stem Cells and Their Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Tsiapalis Dimitrios , Floudas Achilleas , Tertel Tobias , Boerger Verena , Giebel Bernd , Veale Douglas J , Fearon Ursula , O’Driscoll Lorraine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Currently available therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are inadequate to alleviate the inflammation and reduce joint damage. While the immune-regulatory effect of human mesenchymal/stromal stem cells (MSCs) extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been tested in many inflammation-related diseases, little is known regarding their effect on patients with RA. Thus, we assessed the effect of human MSCs and MSC-EVs (from naïve or IFN-β-primed MSCs) on CD4+ T cells from patients with RA. Moreover, we investigated the effect of MSC-EVs on RA patients-derived synovial fibroblasts (FLS). MSC-EVs were prepared using a PEG precipitation followed by ultracentrifugation-based protocol. Applied to RA CD4+ T cells, EVs from IFN-β-primed MSCs, suppressed the expression of more key RA-associated cytokines (IL-4, GM-CSF IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α), and decreased CD4+ T-cell polyfunctionality than MSCs or EVs from naïve MSCs. MSCs mediated a slight decrease in the frequency of T-regulatory cells, while MSC-EVs rescued the frequency of T-regulatory cells. MSCs significantly inhibited CD4+ T-cell proliferation (P &lt; .05), while no inhibition was observed in response to EV preparations. EVs from IFN-β-primed MSCs inhibited (P &lt; .01) RA FLS migration and downregulated (P &lt; .05) RA FLS surface markers CD34 and HLA-DR. Collectively, we demonstrated the immune-modulatory function of MSCs and their derived EVs in RA CD4+ T cells, which could be further enhanced by priming MSCs with IFN-β. Moreover, EVs from IFN-β-primed MSCs more efficiently inhibit RA FLS migration, and expression of RA FLS-related surface markers, suggesting these EVs as a potent therapy for RA.
The Mass Incarceration Trauma Framework: A Conceptual Model for Understanding Trauma among Individuals Who Experience Incarceration
Authors: Morrison Maria 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Mass Incarceration Trauma (MIT) framework is a conceptual model for understanding the role of trauma in the lives of individuals who experience incarceration in the United States. This population faces poverty, violence, and discrimination across the life span. The MIT framework is guided by an ecological systems perspective, a foundational theoretical approach in social work that recognizes that effective assessment and intervention require an understanding of the complex contexts in which individuals live. The MIT framework presents the cumulative trauma exposures commonly faced by this population before, during, and after incarceration at the individual, social, environmental, and historical levels. Because traumatic stress undermines health and daily functioning, it is essential that interventions for this population address both the ongoing risk for trauma exposure and the consequences of multiple, repeated past exposures across ecological systems. It is to be hoped that a new and fundamental focus on the poverty, contexts of violence, and lifetime disadvantages experienced by those who cycle through prisons in the United States might reframe the question of how our society should prevent and respond to crime as well as respond to those swept into the criminal justice system.
An exploration of autofluorescence in tardigrades (phylum Tardigrada)
Authors: Bartels Paul J , Coffey David C , Pineau Mathilde , Kaczmarek Łukasz , Nelson Diane R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recently it was purported that autofluorescence (AF) in Paramacrobiotus n. sp. provided protection from UV radiation. If true, this would be the first documentation of an adaptive function for AF in any microscopic animal. We review what is currently known about AF in tardigrades, and we provide the first true colour images of tardigrade fluorescence. To assess the hypothesis of AF as UV protection we measured interspecific variation and intraspecific variation. We found that interspecific variation was much greater than intraspecific variation. We compared the fluorescence emission spectra for nine species of tardigrades, and together with the true colour fluorescence images, we noticed different patterns of fluorescence suggesting a rich diversity of fluorophores. We examined epidermal pigments of a new species of Milnesium and Ramazzottius kretschmanii and found that they are not the source of fluorescence in these species. We suggest further research is necessary to test the hypothesis that AF is UV protective in tardigrades, and we demonstrate and assess four different research tools for examining autofluorescence in microscopic animals.
Needle versus Cannula to Treat Tear Trough: A Prospective Study Comparing both Methods
Authors: Spada Julieta , Ravera Karina , Schneider Carolina 
Published: November 2023

Background:
We aimed to clinically compare needle and cannula techniques in vivo with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, to better understand the best technique and adverse events.

Methods:
Ten adults without previous fillers in the area were injected with hyaluronic acid (CPM 22.5 HA mg/mL) with a 25G cannula on one side and a Becton Dickinson syringe needle (31G 0.3 mL) on the other. The product was fractionated among two visits. Assessment was made at time 0d, 14d, 30d, 60d, 90d, 180d, and 365d with standard camera, Vectra H2, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. Level of satisfaction was also evaluated.

Results:
All the patients showed natural results with both techniques and a high satisfaction index. Cannulas were minimally less traumatic in terms of bruises. However, the product was applied in a more superficial layer and in a less precise manner, despite the fact that a deep technique was used with cannulas, depositing the product on the orbital bone. Patients reported a more noticeable change immediately after the procedure on the side treated with cannulas but less edema and a more comfortable procedure on the Becton Dickinson syringe treated side. None of the patients required hyaluronidase to dissolve overcorrection of the area, and no severe complications were observed. The product remained in most of them at day 365.

Conclusions:
Cannulas seem to be less traumatic regarding bruises, but less precise in vivo. Thin needles seem to be more precise with minimal trauma. However, this difference disappears during patient’s evolution.
Progressive Keratoconus in a Patient With Severe Pectus Excavatum and a Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Gene Mutation: A Case Report
Authors: Kounatidou Nefeli Eleni , Kondylis Georgios , Klavdianou Olga , Venkateswaran Nandini , Fryssira Eleni , Palioura Sotiria 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
Keratoconus is a progressive ocular disorder associated with numerous systemic diseases, many of which affect the musculoskeletal system. Although the etiology and pathophysiology of the disorder remain elusive, recent studies suggest a significant role of genetic predisposition in the pathogenesis of keratoconus. This case report aims to elucidate a potential genetic association in a patient presenting with keratoconus, severe pectus excavatum, generalized muscular weakness, and skeletal deformities.

Case Description:
A 31-year-old Iranian man presented with progressively diminishing vision in both eyes over the years, eventually diagnosed with keratoconus. The patient's history and further examination indicated generalized muscular weakness, skeletal deformities, and severe pectus excavatum with cardiac and large vessel displacement. Whole-exome sequencing identified two heterozygous gene variants: one in the Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) gene and another in the Regulating Synaptic Membrane Exocytosis 1 gene. The patient's systemic and ocular symptoms, combined with the gene variants identified, suggested a connective tissue systemic disorder, potentially within the clinical spectrum of COMPopathies.

Conclusion:
This is the first documented case of bilateral progressive keratoconus associated with severe pectus excavatum, generalized musculoskeletal dystrophy, and a COMP gene mutation. It highlights the necessity of continued search into the pathogenic genes of keratoconus, particularly in cases with coexisting systemic manifestations, to further our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of this complex disease.
Assessing an Exposure Keratopathy Prevention Strategy in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Adebayo Ayobami , Tauber Jenna , Tingley Jennifer , Eisen Lewis A. , Young Moon Jee , Rosenberg Jamie B. 
Published: November 2023

Objective:
Patients who are intubated and sedated are at risk for developing exposure keratopathy, which can lead to permanent vision loss. This retrospective study assesses the incidence of exposure keratopathy (EK) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients before and after implementation of an EK Prevention Order Set.

Methods:
At one tertiary care hospital (Bronx, NY), an “Exposure Keratopathy Prevention Order Set” was implemented to ameliorate this risk which included the application of white petrolatum–mineral oil lubricating ointment every 6 hours in both eyes. This retrospective chart review study analyzed the incidence of EK diagnosis before and after implementation of this EK Prevention Order Set. Patients who were on mechanical ventilation at the time of ophthalmology consult request between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021, were included. Ophthalmology consult notes of patients with EK diagnosis were reviewed for details regarding the consult request, examination findings, diagnosis, and treatment plan.

Results:
There were 247 and 361 ventilated ICU patients before and after the order set, respectively. The number of ophthalmology consults decreased slightly after the order set from 15 of 247 to 20 of 361 ventilated patients. In addition, the rate of EK among ventilated patients decreased from 4.5% (11 of 247 patients over 151 days) to 2.2% (8 of 361 patients over 212 days; P=0.154) with a risk ratio of 0.50 (95% CI 0.20–1.22).

Conclusion:
The number of patients diagnosed with EK trended down after implementation of the EK Prevention Order Set.
Clinical Site Visits: Perspectives of Clinical Instructors and Site Coordinators of Clinical Education
Authors: Hochman Lori , Silberman Nicki , Jung Min-Kyung , Greco Jamie L. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction.
Site visits (SVs) are a common component of clinical education. The purpose of this paper was to explore clinicians' perspectives regarding SVs, including methods of communication used and their effectiveness, purposes of SVs, and the level of interaction between the stakeholders.

Review of the Literature.
Several communication methods are used to conduct SVs, with varying levels of “richness” and effectiveness. Previous studies have explored the perceptions of physical therapist (PT) students and Directors of Clinical Education regarding communication methods used during SVs, as well as reporting the purposes, effectiveness, and logistics.

Subjects.
Clinicians, including clinical instructors (CIs) and Site Coordinators of Clinical Education, from across the United States, representing various geographical locations and settings were invited to participate.

Methods.
An electronic survey was distributed to participants using information from 2 PT education programs and the Physical Therapist Clinical Performance Instrument database.

Results.
A total of 273 responses were included in the analysis. Clinicians ranked in-person visits as their first choice of communication for future SVs (n = 157, 59.9%) and indicated that in-person communication was “very effective” (n = 143, 52.4%) when compared with videoconferencing (n = 55, 20.1%) and telephone (n = 49, 17.9%). Clinicians ranked verifying the competency level of the student and verifying site resources during the SV as “extremely important” or “important” (n = 257, 94.2% and n = 250, 91.5%, respectively). Answering CI's questions and providing support to the CI were also identified as “extremely important” or “important” (n = 262, 96% and n = 244, 89.4%, respectively). Analysis of open-ended responses revealed 5 themes: Communication is important, flexibility allows best fit for a situation, on-site visits offer a more complete picture, real-time dialog is preferred, and email can lead to misinterpretation.

Discussion and Conclusion.
Communication is a key component of the clinical–academic relationship. Although clinicians prefer in-person communication, flexibility is necessary when planning and conducting SVs. Future research recommendations include gathering student and clinician perceptions regarding faculty involvement in SVs, as well as gathering faculty perspectives regarding their participation in SVs. In addition, the impact of the pandemic on the future of SVs warrants further exploration.
Efficacy of Physiotherapy for Treating Vulvodynia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nascimento Renata Polliana , Falsetta Megan L. , Maurer Tracey , Sarmento Ayane Cristine Alves , Gonçalves Ana Katherine 
Published: November 2023

Objectives
We set out to assess the efficacy of physiotherapy for vulvodynia.

Materials and Methods
PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, PEDro, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched in February 2023. Two authors selected and extracted the data independently. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (Rob 2). Because of the high heterogeneity presented between the studies, it was not possible to carry out qualitative analysis. The results were presented narratively. This systematic review was registered with the PROSPERO database.

Results
A total of 2,274 articles were retrieved. Seven studies met the criteria and were included in a systematic review, which included a total of 477 patients. The interventions included were electromyography biofeedback (n = 2), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (n = 1), transcranial direct current stimulation (n = 1), low-intensity shockwave (n = 1), physiotherapy treatment (n = 1), and pelvic floor exercise with behavioral modification (n = 1). All studies evaluated pain reduction, 5 evaluated sexual function, and 2 evaluated quality of life. All interventions were effective for the main outcomes; only the transcranial direct current stimulation intervention showed no significant difference when compared with the placebo or sham group. Three studies presented a high risk of bias due to the lack of blinding.

Conclusions
The studied interventions (electromyography biofeedback, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, shockwave, physiotherapy, and pelvic floor exercise) seem to improve pain, sexual function, and quality of life. However, the heterogeneity of the studies prevented meta-analysis. In addition, well-designed trials are needed to improve the certainty of this evidence.
Imaging in peripheral bronchoscopy
Authors: Shaller Brian D. , Sethi Sonali , Cicenia Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
Historically the sampling of peripheral lung lesions via bronchoscopy has suffered from inferior diagnostic outcomes relative to transthoracic needle aspiration, and neither a successful bronchoscopic navigation nor a promising radial ultrasonographic image of one's target lesion guarantees a successful biopsy. Fortunately, many of peripheral bronchoscopy's shortcomings – including an inability to detect and compensate for computed tomography (CT)-body divergence, and the absence of tool-in-lesion confirmation – are potentially remediable through the use of improved intraprocedural imaging techniques.

Recent findings
Recent advances in intraprocedural imaging, including the integration of cone beam CT, digital tomosynthesis, and augmented fluoroscopy into bronchoscopic procedures have yielded promising results. These advanced imaging modalities may improve the outcomes of peripheral bronchoscopy through the detection and correction of navigational errors, CT-body divergence, and malpositioned biopsy instruments.

Summary
The incorporation of advanced imaging is an essential step in the improvement of peripheral bronchoscopic procedures.