bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes From an Institutional Series of Acinar Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas and Related Tumors
Authors: Holen Kyle D. , Klimstra David S. , Hummer Amanda , Gonen Mithat , Conlon Kevin , Brennan Murray , Saltz Leonard B. 
Published: December 2002

PURPOSE: Acinar cell carcinoma is a rare tumor of the exocrine pancreas. Clinical features such as prognostic information, survival, and treatment outcomes are unknown. We present the largest retrospective review to date. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine patients with pathologically confirmed acinar neoplasms of the pancreas were identified between August 1981 and January 2001. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, and treatment information were obtained by chart review. Survival probabilities were estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: The median survival for all patients was 19 months. On the basis of a univariate analysis, the patients’ stage of disease correlated significantly with survival. The median survival of patients with localized disease was 38 months, versus 14 months for those presenting with metastases (P = 0.03). Patients who could be treated with surgery as first-line therapy had a longer survival time (36 months) compared with those who did not have surgery (14 months). Two of 18 patients who received chemotherapy and three of eight patients who received radiation had a major response. CONCLUSION: The survival curves suggest a more aggressive cancer than pancreatic endocrine neoplasms but one that is less aggressive than ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Those patients who present with localized disease have a much better prognosis than those who present with metastases. There is a high recurrence rate after complete surgical resection, suggesting that micrometastases are present even in localized disease and that adjuvant therapies may be indicated. Chemotherapy and radiation afford disappointing results, however, and novel therapies are needed.
Model of Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression With Parameter Consistency Across Drugs
Authors: Friberg Lena E. , Henningsson Anja , Maas Hugo , Nguyen Laurent , Karlsson Mats O. 
Published: December 2002

PURPOSE: To develop a semimechanistic pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model describing chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression through drug-specific parameters and system-related parameters, which are common to all drugs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patient leukocyte and neutrophil data after administration of docetaxel, paclitaxel, and etoposide were used to develop the model, which was also applied to myelosuppression data from 2′-deoxy-2′-methylidenecytidine (DMDC), irinotecan (CPT-11), and vinflunine administrations. The model consisted of a proliferating compartment that was sensitive to drugs, three transit compartments that represented maturation, and a compartment of circulating blood cells. Three system-related parameters were estimated: baseline, mean transit time, and a feedback parameter. Drug concentration-time profiles affected the proliferation of sensitive cells by either an inhibitory linear model or an inhibitory Emax model. To evaluate the model, system-related parameters were fixed to the same values for all drugs, which were based on the results from the estimations, and only drug-specific parameters were estimated. All modeling was performed using NONMEM software. RESULTS: For all investigated drugs, the model successfully described myelosuppression. Consecutive courses and different schedules of administration were also well characterized. Similar system-related parameter estimates were obtained for the different drugs and also for leukocytes compared with neutrophils. In addition, when system-related parameters were fixed, the model well characterized chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression for the different drugs. CONCLUSION: This model predicted myelosuppression after administration of one of several different chemotherapeutic drugs. In addition, with fixed system-related parameters to proposed values, and only drug-related parameters estimated, myelosuppression can be predicted. We propose that this model can be a useful tool in the development of anticancer drugs and therapies.
Multidisciplinary Systems Approach to Chemotherapy Safety: Rebuilding Processes and Holding the Gains
Authors: Womer Richard B. , Tracy Ellen , Soo-Hoo Winson , Bickert Betsy , DiTaranto Susan , Barnsteiner Jane H. 
Published: December 2002

PURPOSE: The problem of medication safety came to public attention largely through a chemotherapy error, and the high toxicity and low therapeutic index of anticancer medications make safety in their prescription and administration critical. We have undertaken a thorough revision of our systems for inpatient chemotherapy. METHODS: We participated in a multi-institutional collaborative effort of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, and used their rapid cycle change method. Particularly powerful systems change concepts were driving out fear, “trapping” errors and learning from them, focusing on outcome rather than on input, simplifying and standardizing, using constraints and “forcing functions,” reducing handoffs, and paying attention to human factors. RESULTS: Applying these concepts to our chemotherapy delivery system, we have achieved an 84% decrease in the number of chemotherapy errors that actually reach patients per 1,000 chemotherapy doses, and have sustained that improvement for 5 years. CONCLUSION: Factors contributing to our success include the rapid cycle change method, strong support from hospital administration, grassroots participation, and a tradition of interdisciplinary cooperation. Computerized direct physician order entry and cooperative group participation have had mixed effects. Continued efforts at improvement have been key to holding our gains. Although specific problems and changes may not be relevant to other organizations, the concepts and methods we used are generally applicable.
Goserelin Versus Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, and Fluorouracil as Adjuvant Therapy in Premenopausal Patients With Node-Positive Breast Cancer: The Zoladex Early Breast Cancer Research Association Study
Authors: Jonat W. , Kaufmann M. , Sauerbrei W. , Blamey R. , Cuzick J. , Namer M. , Fogelman I. , de Haes J. C. , de Matteis A. , Stewart A. , Eiermann W. , Szakolczai I. , Palmer M. , Schumacher M. , Geberth M. , Lisboa B. 
Published: December 2002

PURPOSE: Current adjuvant therapies have improved survival for premenopausal patients with breast cancer but may have short-term toxic effects and long-term effects associated with premature menopause. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Zoladex Early Breast Cancer Research Association study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of goserelin (3.6 mg every 28 days for 2 years; n = 817) versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) chemotherapy (six 28-day cycles; n = 823) for adjuvant treatment in premenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer. RESULTS: Analysis was performed when 684 events had been achieved, and the median follow-up was 6 years. A significant interaction between treatment and estrogen receptor (ER) status was found (P = .0016). In ER-positive patients (approximately 74%), goserelin was equivalent to CMF for disease-free survival (DFS) (hazard ratio [HR], 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 1.20). In ER-negative patients, goserelin was inferior to CMF for DFS (HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.27 to 2.44). Amenorrhea occurred in more than 95% of goserelin patients by 6 months versus 58.6% of CMF patients. Menses returned in most goserelin patients after therapy stopped, whereas amenorrhea was generally permanent in CMF patients (22.6% v 76.9% amenorrheic at 3 years). Chemotherapy-related side effects such as nausea/vomiting, alopecia, and infection were higher with CMF than with goserelin during CMF treatment. Side effects related to estrogen suppression were initially higher with goserelin, but when goserelin treatment stopped, reduced to a level below that observed in the CMF group. CONCLUSION: Goserelin offers an effective, well-tolerated alternative to CMF in premenopausal patients with ER-positive and node-positive early breast cancer.
Population-Based Assessment of Hospitalizations for Toxicity From Chemotherapy in Older Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Du Xianglin L. , Osborne Cynthia , Goodwin James S. 
Published: December 2002

PURPOSE: There are no population-based data on hospitalization rate for toxicity from breast cancer chemotherapy, and even large clinical trials often do not report this information. Medicare data, linked to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER) tumor registries, are now used to assess rates of hospitalization for chemotherapy-related toxicity in a population-based setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 35,060 women diagnosed with stages I through IV breast cancer aged ≥ 65 from 1991 through 1996 were identified from the SEER-Medicare linked program and studied. Patients were defined as being hospitalized for adverse effects of chemotherapy if there was a Medicare inpatient claim for neutropenia, fever, thrombocytopenia, or adverse effect of systemic therapy less than 7 months after diagnosis of breast cancer. RESULTS: More than 9% of women with breast cancer who received chemotherapy were admitted with the diagnosis of neutropenia, fever, thrombocytopenia, or adverse effect of systemic therapy, compared with 0.5% of women with breast cancer who did not receive chemotherapy. The rates for stage I to IV were 6.3%, 8.1%, 12.3%, and 13.2% in those treated with chemotherapy, and 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.7%, and 1.5% in women not treated with chemotherapy. The hospitalization rates for adverse effects increased significantly with comorbidity score and varied more than two-fold across the nine SEER areas but did not vary by age. Use of anthracycline-containing chemotherapy agents was associated with greater odds of these toxicities (eg, odds ratio, 2.53 for neutropenia; 95% confidence interval, 1.97 to 3.26). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the feasibility of using Medicare data to assess rates of hospitalization for serious toxicity associated with cancer chemotherapy. Rates in actual practice were higher than those reported in clinical trials and did not vary by age.
Temozolomide in Malignant Gliomas of Childhood: A United Kingdom Children’s Cancer Study Group and French Society for Pediatric Oncology Intergroup Study
Authors: Lashford L. S. , Thiesse P. , Jouvet A. , Jaspan T. , Couanet D. , Griffiths P. D. , Doz F. , Ironside J. , Robson K. , Hobson R. , Dugan M. , Pearson A. D.J. , Vassal G. , Frappaz D. 
Published: December 2002

PURPOSE: To determine the response rate of the malignant gliomas of childhood to an oral, daily schedule of temozolomide. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A multicenter, phase II evaluation of an oral, daily schedule of temozolomide (200 mg/m2 on 5 consecutive days) was undertaken in children with relapsed or progressive, biopsy-proven, high-grade glioma (arm A) and progressive, diffuse, intrinsic brainstem glioma (arm B). Evidence of activity was defined by radiologic evidence of a sustained reduction in tumor size on serial magnetic resonance imaging scans. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients were recruited (34 to arm A and 21 to arm B) and received 215 cycles of chemotherapy. Grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia was the most frequent toxic event (7% of cycles). Prolonged myelosuppression resulted in significant treatment delays and dose reductions (17% and 22% of cycles, respectively). Two toxic deaths were documented and were related to myelosuppression and sepsis in one patient and pneumonia in a second. The overall (best) response rate was 12% for arm A (95% confidence interval [CI], 3 to 28 in the study cohort, and 2 to 31 for eligible patients) and 5% and 6%, respectively, for arm B (95% CI, 0 to 26 in the study cohort, and 0 to 27 for eligible patients). Stabilization of disease was also documented and was most noteworthy for brainstem gliomas, where two patients achieved both radiologic static disease and discontinued steroid medication. CONCLUSION: Despite moderate toxicity, objective response rates to temozolomide have been low, indicating that temozolomide has minimal activity in the high-grade gliomas of childhood.
Responsiveness of Subjective and Objective Measures of Pain and Function Following Operative Interventions for Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Narrative Review
Authors: Waddell Lily M. , Musbahi Omar , Collins Jamie E. , Jones Morgan H. , Selzer Faith , Losina Elena , Katz Jeffrey N. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveMusculoskeletal (MSK) disorders affect ~50% of US adults and 75% of those over the age of 65, representing a sizable economic and disability burden. Outcome measures, both objective and subjective, help clinicians and investigators determine whether interventions to treat MSK conditions are effective. This narrative review qualitatively compared the responsiveness of different types of outcome measures, a key measurement characteristic that assesses an outcome measure's ability to detect change in patient status.MethodsWe evaluated elective orthopedic interventions as a model for assessing responsiveness because the great majority of patients improves following surgery. We searched for articles reporting responsiveness (quantified as effect size [ES]) of subjective and objective outcome measures after orthopedic surgery and included 16 articles reporting 17 interventions in this review.ResultsIn 14 of 17 interventions, subjective function measures had an ES 10% greater than that of objective function measures. Two reported a difference in ES of <10%. The sole intervention that demonstrated higher ES of objective function used a composite measure. Sixteen interventions reported measures of subjective pain and/or mixed measures and subjective function. In nine interventions, subjective pain had a higher ES than subjective function by >10%, in three, subjective function had a higher ES than subjective pain by >10%, and in the remaining four, the difference between pain and function was <10%.ConclusionThese findings reinforce the clinical observation that subjective pain generally changes more than function following elective orthopedic surgery. They also suggest that subjective function measures are more responsive than objective function measures, and composite scores may be more responsive than individual performance tests.
Superior Durability and Activity of a Benchmark Triple‐Conducting Cathode by Tuning Thermo‐Mechanical Compatibility for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells
Authors: Yu Zhexiang , Ge Lin , Ni Qing , Zheng Yifeng , Chen Han , Zhou Xingkai , Mi Yaowei , Shi Bochang , Yu Xiaole , Wu Bangze , Bi Lei , Zhu Yunfeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs a benchmark triple‐conducting cathode, BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3−δ (BCFZY) has been widely investigated for protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFC) in recent years. However, the reported electrochemical performance of BCFZY cathode differs, which is determined in this work to originate from the thermal expansion mismatch between BCFZY and electrolyte. Accordingly, two strategies for enhanced thermo‐mechanical compatibility are examined: impregnation and thermal expansion offset. In contrast to the impregnation of BCFZY nanoparticles on electrolyte backbones that only helps improve electrochemical performance, negative thermal expansion oxide Sm0.85Cu0.15MnO3−δ (SCM)‐offset BCFZY exhibits superior durability and activity simultaneously. Specifically, the polarization resistance decay rate of the SCM‐offset BCFZY is only ~0.2%/100 h, compared with ~18.75%/100 h for “impregnated BCFZY.” Moreover, pure SCM generates moderate cathodic performance (area‐specific resistance = 0.11 Ω cm2, 700 °C), X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveal an in‐situ formed intergranular Ba2Cu3SmO7−δ phase at the boundaries of BCFZY and SCM. Thus, SCM can serve as a “three‐effect” additive, i) offset thermo‐expansion, ii) strengthen electrode structure and adhesion, and iii) provide acceptable oxygen‐reduction‐reaction activity, being favorable for superior performance. A PCFC using a SCM‐offset BCFZY cathode achieves the highest power density (1455 mW cm−2) yet recorded for PCFCs with BCFZY‐based cathodes.
Tailoring Addition Sequence of Metal Ions in Precursor Solution Drives Highly Efficient Kesterite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Qing , Sun Yali , Li Hao , Sun Yuzhou , Zhao Wei , Liang Baolai , Wang Ying , Ma Yujiao , Zhao Liang , Teng Xiaoyun , Gao Chao , Yu Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe unsatisfactory material quality of absorber is an important factor limiting the development of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin‐film solar cells, including poor crystallization, multi‐layer structure, and various defects. Here, an effective strategy to enhance the quality of kesterite absorber and improve the performance of solar cells is proposed by tailoring the additional sequence of metal ions in precursor solution. With an addition sequence S─Sn─Cu─Zn (STCZ), higher values of Cu+/Cu2+ and Sn4+/Sn2+ ratios are obtained, and the surface grain growth is modulated into an inclined growth mode. Consequently, the decomposition of CZTSSe bulk is suppressed and its final morphology presents mainly as large grains spanning across the absorber. The quality of absorber and its interface is enhanced with activating the desirable shallow acceptor and reducing recombination center defects. An encouraging efficiency of over 12% for CZTSSe solar cells with increased short‐circuit current density and fill factor is realized. This novel strategy provides insight into crystallization mechanism of kesterite photovoltaic material and has guiding significance for further improving material crystallization and absorber quality.
Deshielding Anions Enable Solvation Chemistry Control of LiPF6‐Based Electrolyte toward Low‐Temperature Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yuan Song , Cao Shengkai , Chen Xi , Wei Jiaqi , Lv Zhisheng , Xia Huarong , Li Jiaofu , Zhang Hang , Liu Lin , Tian Changhao , Chen Lixun , Zhang Wei , Xing Zhenxiang , Li Haicheng , Li Shuzhou , Zhu Qiang , Feng Xue , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSevere capacity decay under subzero temperatures remains a significant challenge for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to the sluggish interfacial kinetics. Current efforts to mitigate this deteriorating interfacial behavior rely on high‐solubility lithium salts (e.g., Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI))‐based electrolytes to construct anion participated solvation structures. However, such electrolytes bring issues of corrosion on the current collector and increased costs. Herein, the most commonly used Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) instead, to establish a peculiar solvation structure with a high ratio of ion pairs and aggregates by introducing a deshielding NO3− additive for low‐temperature LIBs is utilized. The deshielding anion significantly reduces the energy barrier for interfacial behavior at low temperatures. Benefiting from this, the graphite (Gr) anode retains a high capacity of ≈72.3% at −20 °C, which is far superior to the 32.3% and 19.4% capacity retention of counterpart electrolytes. Moreover, the LiCoO2/Gr full cell exhibits a stable cycling performance of 100 cycles at −20 °C due to the inhibited lithium plating. This work heralds a new paradigm in LiPF6‐based electrolyte design for LIBs operating at subzero temperatures.
Using Paper as a Biomimetic Fog Harvesting Material
Authors: Breuer Carina , Cordt Cynthia , Hiller Benjamin , Geissler Andreas , Biesalski Markus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study identifies important factors for designing an effective biomimetic paper‐based fog harvesting substrate by examining the harvesting properties of different surfaces, including glass, polyethylene, and superhydrophobic paper. In laboratory‐scale fogging tests, the wetting behavior of the substrates is characterized, and the importance of the tilt angle of the respective surface relative to the fog flow is elaborated. Because successful fog harvesting requires both efficient accumulation of water droplets on the surface (by condensation and collision) and sufficient but not excessive roll‐off of the liquid, the amount of water finally collected is clearly related to the pinning effect, which should prevent the smallest droplets from being carried away by the wind but must not lead to full and permanent wetting of the surface. Coalescence is identified as a major phenomenon to improve droplet roll‐off. In this context, superhydrophobic paper indicates to be a more effective water collector than glass or polyethylene, especially when oriented vertically, since it allows the droplets to roll off very efficiently. Finally, the addition of glass particles to the superhydrophobic coating is proposed as a means of enhancing pinning and improving the fog harvesting efficiency.
Efficient Amplification of Large‐Signal Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons in a Subwavelength Size
Authors: Liao Zhen , Wu Shaofei , Guo Jia , Liu Leilei , Cai Jialin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe advancement of communication systems demands ever‐smaller sizes, leading to the integration of more circuits in compact forms. A promising solution lies in Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SSPPs), which enable strong confinement, low interference, and a significant wave vector, thereby facilitating smaller sizes. However, the amplification of large plasmonic signals in a compact size remains a daunting scientific challenge for the further development of SSPPs communication systems. In this study, this challenge is tackled by selecting GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) and load/source‐pull technologies. To ensure efficient operation, impedance‐matching networks are designed, resulting in a remarkably small amplifier structure. The approach involves utilizing the Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithm to fine‐tune the matching network, leading to exceptional amplification performance. The results obtained in the frequency range of 1–3 GHz are highly promising, with both simulated and measured results demonstrating an impressive output power exceeding 40 dBm, a power added efficiency (PAE) surpassing 60%, and a gain exceeding 10 dB. These remarkable achievements underscore the viability of amplifying large‐signal SSPPs and outputting high‐power SSPPs waves within a subwavelength size, opening exciting possibilities for SSPPs communication, sensing, and imaging systems.
Direct Site‐Selective Difunctionalization of Pyrazoles
Authors: Liu Biao , Wang Cheng , Wang Ziyu , Zhou Junqi , Wen Jian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study presents a protocol for the direct site‐selective difunctionalization of pyrazoles under mild reaction conditions. This protocol showcase a notable site‐selectivity and encompasses a wide substrate scope. Detailed mechanistic investigations elucidate the dual role of the sulfonium salt acting both as the reaction substrate and acid donor, thereby effectively catalyzing the reaction. The demonstrated one‐pot synthesis, scale‐up reaction and subsequent product modifications can assist in advancing the potential application of this protocol in organic synthesis and its associated domains.
A Silica‐Supported Yttrium Triflate Packed Bed Reactor for Continuous Flow Michael Addition of Indoles to Benzylidene Malonates
Authors: Donato Emanuela , Chiroli Valerio , Puglisi Alessandra , Benaglia Maurizio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe catalytic properties of packed bed reactors filled with Y(OTf)3 immobilised onto functionalised silica have been tested in the Michael addition of indoles to benzylidene malonates under flow conditions, providing improved productivity over the batch conditions, a greater ease of recovery of the final products and a prolonged life of the catalyst. Noteworthy, the same catalytic reactor, after being used for five days, was employed to perform a different reaction, a stereoselective Diels Alder cycloaddition in flow, with a 24 times higher productivity compared to the in‐batch reaction.