bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iatrogenic nerve injury following pelvic ring injury: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Su Yu-Cheng , Hsu Yung-Heng , Chou Ying-Chao , Chen I-Jung , Lai Chih-Yang , Yu Yi-Hsun 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Pelvic ring injuries are common in multi-trauma patients and can be life-threatening, necessitating prompt surgical intervention to improve outcomes. However, surgery can lead to complications such as iatrogenic nerve injury. This network meta-analysis aimed to improve outcomes in multi-trauma patients with pelvic ring injuries by evaluating the incidence of iatrogenic nerve injuries, identifying vulnerable nerves, and comparing different fixation methods.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus from inception to 5 December 2023, revealed 29 comparative studies on the incidence of iatrogenic nerve injury in 1561 adult patients with pelvic ring injuries. Data were extracted on study and patient characteristics, iatrogenic nerve injury incidences, and specific nerve injuries. A random-effects model assessed treatment effects, with subgroup analysis and meta-regression. The main outcomes included odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for iatrogenic nerve injuries.

Results:
Compared with closed reduction internal fixation, robotic-assisted techniques had the highest, and open reduction internal fixation had the lowest ORs for iatrogenic nerve injuries. The robotic-assisted approach ranked best with an OR of 0.22 (95%CI: 0.02–2.16), while closed reduction internal fixation with the anterior approach (OR: 0.71; 95%CI: 0.21–2.48) and open reduction internal fixation with the anterior approach performed the worst. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve was injured in all open reduction internal fixation with anterior approach procedures and in 66.7% of open reduction internal fixation with posterior approach procedures. Meta-regression showed a significantly lower OR for iatrogenic nerve injuries in patients aged >41.4 years in the open reduction internal fixation with anterior approach group (OR: 0.02; 95%CI: 0.001–0.63; p = 0.026) compared with younger patients.

Conclusion:
The robotic-assisted technique may result in the fewest iatrogenic nerve injuries during the treatment of pelvic ring injuries. The posterior approach may also reduce the risk of iatrogenic nerve injuries.
Glioma-induced neural functional remodeling in the hand motor cortex: precise mapping with ECoG grids during awake craniotomy—experimental research
Authors: Chang Tao , Wu Yihan , Quan Yuxin , Chen Siliang , Liao Jiawei , Zhao Wenyu , Li Yu , Fang Yuan , Zong Yixuan , Liu Yanhui , Jiang Ning , Mao Qing , He Jiayuan , Yang Yuan 
Published: February 2025

Background:
The dilemma of achieving ‘onco-functional balance’ in gliomas affecting the motor cortex highlights the importance of functionally-guided resection strategies. While accurate mapping of eloquent areas often requires frequent electrical stimulation, this practice can lead to side effects like seizures and postoperative deficits. To enhance safety in functional mapping, we studied how gliomas impact hand movement areas and assessed the effectiveness of cortical electrical activity for functional mapping in this setting.

Materials and Methods:
We recruited patients with gliomas affecting the motor cortex and individuals with an unaffected motor cortex for awake craniotomy. During the procedures, electrocorticography (ECoG) grids were employed to record signals under three conditions: resting state, finger movements, and wrist movements. We then quantified the distances from the positively stimulated sites to the specific anatomical landmarks. Additionally, we analyzed the relationship between the ECoG power features and the stimulation responses.

Results:
The cortical layout for finger activity in the MCG group was more dispersed and overlapped, typically clustering near the central sulcus and Sylvian fissure. The predictive performance of ECoG mapping exhibited significant variability across different frequency bands and clinical scenarios. Specifically, the area under the curve (AUC) for the Non-MCG group during the resting state reached its peak, with a value of 0.802 for Gamma3 (95% CI = 0.729-0.875) and 0.865 for broadband (95% CI = 0.804-0.926). In contrast, the MCG group achieved the highest AUC during wrist movements, with Gamma3 at 0.785 (95% CI = 0.719-0.849) and broadband at 0.824 (95% CI = 0.753-0.890).

Conclusion:
Gliomas in the motor cortex disrupt the distribution of hand activity, complicating intraoperative functional mapping. As a novel and reliable approach, ECoG technique can complement and guide direct cortical stimulation for precise mapping, potentially reducing its frequency, minimizing the risk of functional deficits, and achieving a balance between maximal tumor resection and neurological preservation.
Black angels and the call for advocacy
Authors: Ferguson Laurie Anne 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

The Black Angels: The untold story of the Nurses who helped cure Tuberculosis is the story of the nurses who helped cure tuberculosis. It is really a tale of two stories, the first recounting the battle of Black nurses escaping the Jim Crow south only to experience systemic and institutional racism in the north, and secondly of tuberculosis an infectious and often deadly disease, which has plagued humanity for centuries. “The Black Angels,” is a must read for all in health care, not simply for the history lesson but for the urgent message for today.
Practical considerations for choosing transoral laser microsurgery versus transoral robotic surgery for supraglottic laryngeal cancers
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Chiesa-Estomba Carlos M. , Hans Stéphane 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
To review the pros and cons of treating supraglottic laryngeal cancer with transoral laser microsurgery (TOLM) or transoral robotic surgery (TORS).

Recent findings
The use of TORS is limited by the cost and the availability of the robots despite a faster learning curve than TOLM. The laryngeal exposure difficulty, the use of long instruments, and the restricted view of the surgical field consist of the primary limitations of TOLM, which are addressed in TORS technology through a 30° view of surgical fields, and the 180° amplitude of the instruments. The indications of TOLM and TORS are similar and include cT1-T2 and some selected cT3 with moderate invasion of the preepiglottic space. The rates of positive margins in TORS-SGL are lower than those of TOLM-supraglottic laryngectomy (SGL), while both approaches report similar duration of hospital stays. Patients treated with TORS report higher rates of percutaneous gastrostomy and temporary tracheotomy compared to TOLM. The feeding tube and oral diet re-start appear comparable between both groups. The overall survival, disease-free survival, local, regional, and relapse-free survival rates of TORS are reported to be higher than those found for TOLM SGL.

Summary
TORS and TOLM SGL are well tolerated and effective approaches for cT1, cT2, and some selected cT3 LSCC. The functional and surgical outcomes appear comparable. TORS could have superior survival and loco-regional outcomes than TOLM, which could be attributed to the fastest TORS learning curve, and its superiority in terms of tumor/operating field visualization, and instrument movements.
Comparison of Transoral and Transcutaneous Approaches for Gender-Affirming Thyroid Cartilage Reduction: A Case Series of 246 Patients
Authors: Deng Iris Y. , Nguyen Nghiem H. , Argame Alexander A. , Lee James C. , Chu Michael W. 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Thyroid cartilage reduction (TCR) for gender-affirming neck surgery can reduce prominent thyroid notches and improve dysphoria. TCR can be performed with a transoral or transcutaneous approach. This study aims to review TCR approaches and outcomes.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of all TCRs at a multi-institutional, integrated healthcare system from May 2016 to July 2024 was performed. Patient demographics, operative details, and post-operative complications were reviewed. Major complications included invasive interventions (corticosteroid injections for scars, fluid drainage, etc) or intraoperative complications. Minor complications included infections, hypertrophic scarring, and temporary voice changes. Chi square tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to evaluate differences in postoperative outcomes by surgical approach.

Results:
A total of 246 patients underwent TCR with 207 patients (84.1%) in the transcutaneous group and 39 patients (15.9%) in the transoral group. The median patient age was 30.7 years (interquartile range, IQR 24.9-39.0). Median BMI was 22.7 kg/m2 (IQR 20.6-25.5). There were no significant differences between transcutaneous and transoral groups, for median age (30.1 years vs 33.4 years, p=0.08) or median BMI (22.6 kg/m2 vs 23.7 kg/m2, p=0.28). Total major complication was 9.3% and minor complication was 10.6%. There were no significant differences between transcutaneous and transoral groups in rates of major (9.2% vs 10.3%, p=0.83) or minor (12.1% vs 2.6%, p=0.08) complications.

Conclusion:
TCR can be an effective treatment for neck dysphoria. Transoral approach avoids visible neck scars and is not associated with increased peri-operative complications. Further research is needed to determine the long-term outcomes of TCR.
White and Clearing: New Optical Tissue Clearing Method
Authors: Llorente Vicente , Fernández-Cortés Elena , Sanderson Daniel , Salazar Julia , Ripoll Jorge , Desco Manuel , Gómez-Gaviro María Victoria 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOptical tissue clearing techniques can render large-scale tissue samples and whole organs transparent to apply cell-resolution 3D imaging techniques, revolutionizing the fields of biological research and pathological diagnosis, and providing never-before seen structural information. There are several widely used protocols, but they have shortcomings, both in complexity of use and in suboptimal results in certain tissues and organs.Here, we describe a new method dubbed “White and Clear” (WaC) using 2,2’-thiodiethanol (TDE) as a dynamic Refractive Index (RI)-matching reagent alongside a lipid-extraction and a pigment-bleaching step using dilute hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), to provide ease of use and enhanced clearing effect on all kinds of samples and allow for the clearing parameters to be finely adjusted in order to obtain the best results in each situation.
Melanization regulates wound healing by limiting polyploid cell growth in theDrosophilaepithelium post injury
Authors: Gonzalez-Baez Loiselle , Mortati Elizabeth , Mitchell Lillie , Losick Vicki P. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWound healing requires a localized response that restricts growth, remodeling, and inflammation to the site of injury. In the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster,the epithelium heals puncture wounds through cell growth instead of cell division. Epithelial cells on wound margin both fuse and duplicate their genome to generate a multinucleated, polyploid cell essential for tissue repair. Despite the essential role of polyploidy in wound healing, the signals that initiate and regulate the extent of cell growth at the wound site remain poorly understood. One of the first steps in wound healing requires the deposit of melanin at the site of injury, which persists as a melanin scar. The melanin scar forms within hours after a puncture wound and is dependent on the activation of three prophenoloxidase genes (PPO1, PPO2, and PPO3). Using a triple loss of function mutant (PPOnull), we have uncovered a novel role for melanization in regulating wound healing by limiting polyploid cell growth post injury. Thus, melanization is required for efficient wound closure and its loss leads to an unexpected exacerbation of polyploid cell growth in the surrounding epithelial cells. This occurs, in part, through the early entry of epithelial cells into the endocycle, which may be due to altered gene expression as a result of delayed JNK signaling and other pathways. In conclusion, we have found that polyploid cell growth requires melanization at the injury site to control the extent of cell growth and regulate wound repair.SUMMARYPuncture wounds in insects are known to lead to production of a pigmented (melanin) deposit that can persist as a scar, remodeling the site of damage. It has long been speculated that the melanin scar is necessary for tissue repair, thus we used the fruit fly as a model to determine how loss of scar formation affects wound healing. In doing so, we discovered that the melanin scar is necessary to restrict cell growth and facilitate efficient wound closure. Thus, revealing a pivotal role for scar formation in coordinating cell growth, which may be conserved in other organisms.
An invariant schema emerges within a neural network during hierarchical learning of visual boundaries
Authors: Elder James R. , Zheng Jie , Shimelis Lydia B. , Rutishauser Ueli , Lin Milo M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNeural circuits must balance plasticity and stability to enable continual learning without catastrophic forgetting, a pervasive feature of artificial neural networks trained using end-to-end learning (e.g. backpropagation). Here, we apply an alternative, hierarchical learning algorithm to the cognitive task of boundary detection in video clips. In contrast to backpropagation, hierarchical training converges to a network executing a fixed schema and generates firing statistics consistent with single-neuron recordings from human subjects performing the same task. The hierarchically trained network’s schema circuit remains invariant following training on sparse data, with additional data serving to refine the upstream representation.
Genome-wide association studies of binge-eating behaviour and anorexia nervosa yield insights into the unique and shared biology of eating disorder phenotypes
Authors: Termorshuizen Jet D , Davies Helena L , Lee Sang-Hyuck , Huckins Laura M , Bulik Cynthia M , Breen Gerome , Coleman Jonathan RI ,   the Eating Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEating disorders (EDs)—including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder—are clinically distinct, but exhibit high symptom overlap and comorbidity. Genomic analyses to date have only examined AN. We conducted the first genome-wide association meta-analysis of binge-eating behaviour (BE; 39,279 cases, 1,227,436 controls, all from European genetic ancestries), alongside new analyses of AN (24,223 cases, 1,243,971 controls, all from European genetic ancestries) and its subtypes. We implicated six genomic loci associated with BE, including known associations with higher body mass index (BMI) and impulse-control behaviours. BE and AN exhibit genetic similarity, including positive genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, and genetic dissimilarity, including opposing genetic correlations with anthropometric traits. Genomic structural equation modelling analyses indicate that most genetic signal in EDs is independent of BMI. We have extended ED genomics beyond AN; work is underway to diversify further, incorporating multiple diagnoses and global genetic ancestries.
Reply to: “Model mimicry limits conclusions about neural tuning and can mistakenly imply unlikely priors”
Authors: Rideaux Reuben , Bays Paul M , Harrison William J 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn Harrison, Bays, and Rideaux (2023), we presented evidence from electroencephalographical recordings of humans that there is an over representation of horizontal orientations in the visual cortex. Wolf and Rademaker (2024) raise concerns about an analysis used in our study and provide an alternative explanation for our results. Here we address their concerns and provide additional magnetencephalography data supporting the conclusions of our original study.
Deep visual multi-omics profiling reveals mechanisms that underly cancer cell differentiation and aggressiveness in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Bolck Hella A. , Migh Ede , Kriston Andras , Zajac Natalia H. , Kreutzer Susanne , Totu Tiberiu , Leary Peter , Kovacs Ferenc , Rutishauser Dorothea , Pfammatter Sybille , Grossmann Jonas , Litchfield Cassandra , Buljan Marija , Rupp Niels J. , Horvath Peter , Moch Holger 
Published: February 2025

SummaryClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) exhibits significant intra-tumoral heterogeneity (ITH) at both morphological and genetic levels, complicating treatment and contributing to disease progression1,2. Among these, rhabdoid ccRCCs stand out as highly aggressive tumors distinguished by cells with unique morphological features and poor clinical outcomes3. However, the correlation between distinct morphological phenotypes, specific molecular alterations, and their influence on tumor behavior remains poorly understood. Understanding the link between clinically relevant morphological features and their molecular underpinnings will be critical for developing more effective treatments targeting key cellular subsets responsible for tumor progression. In this study, we integrated advanced AI-based image analysis with single-cell isolation and multi-omics profiling to dissect the link between clinically relevant morphological and molecular features of ccRCC cells. Using a novel digital pathology workflow, we quantified low-grade, high-grade, and rhabdoid morphologies in ccRCC diagnostic images with unprecedented precision. Subsequently, isolation of two sets of 1,000 morphologically distinct cells for detailed mRNA and protein expression analyses, revealed significant increasing dysregulation associating with higher histopathological grades. Rhabdoid ccRCC cells (grade 4) demonstrated distinct molecular profiles, including upregulated FOXM1-driven proliferation, disrupted cell-matrix interactions, and enhanced immune evasion pathways. Despite high T-cell infiltration in rhabdoid areas, we identified a rhabdoid-specific immunosuppressive network driven by cytokines, IFN-beta, and integrin signaling, likely contributing to T-cell exhaustion. These findings provide a basis for novel therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways in combination with immunotherapy to improve outcomes for patients with aggressive rhabdoid ccRCC.Key PointsccRCC is characterized by well-established morphological heterogeneity but the correlation with the underlying molecular aberrations remained elusive.By integrating AI-based image analysis with single cell isolation and deep multi-omics profiling, we dissect the molecular intricacies of ccRCC, from targeted collection of 1,000 morphologically distinct cells.Our results demonstrate significant dysregulation of gene and protein expression correlating with higher histopathological grades in ccRCC.Aggressive ccRCC cells with rhabdoid differentiation (grade 4) display distinct molecular profiles, as they upregulate FOXM1-mediated proliferation, ECM remodeling and the immune evasion responses, suggesting new therapeutic avenues enhancing ICI efficacy in these patients.
Usefulness of autofluorescence detection of the parathyroid glands with PTeye™ system. Scope review
Authors: Pardal-Refoyo José Luis , Pardal-Peláez Beatriz 
Published: February 2025

SummaryIntroduction and ObjectiveNear-infrared (NIR) fluorescence is used to visualize anatomical structures and physiological activities in real time. The objective is to synthesize the advantages and disadvantages of the PTeye™ system in the identification of parathyroid glands during thyroid and parathyroid surgery.MethodA literature review of the scope of primary research articles in databases such as PubMed, WoS and Cochrane was carried out, using the search strategy “(autofluorescence AND (parathyroid glands)) AND PTeye™” until January 27, 2025. We included studies with any methodology that evaluated the identification of parathyroid glands with autofluorescence in thyroid or parathyroid surgery with PTeye™ technology. Review articles, editorials, and individual clinical cases were excluded.ResultsWe included 8 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that PTeye™ has high accuracy in identifying parathyroid glands, with identification rates above 90%. The use of PTeye™ reduced the need for additional tests such as freeze biopsies and increased the surgeon’s confidence in identifying parathyroid tissue. However, some false positives were identified, including thyroid nodules and lymph nodes. The device proved to be easy to use and provided real-time feedback.ConclusionsPTeye™ is a useful tool to improve the identification of parathyroid glands during surgery, increasing surgeon confidence and reducing the rate of postoperative hypocalcemia. Although it has some disadvantages, such as the possibility of false positives and the need for a learning curve, its benefits outweigh these limitations. More studies are needed to confirm these findings and assess their long-term impact.
A spatially resolved single cell proteomic atlas of Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Dereli Zeynep , Bozorgui Behnaz , Sanchez Maga , Hornstein Nicholas , Thibault Guillaume , Wang Huamin , Mills Gordon B. , Weinstein John N. , Overman Michael J. , Korkut Anil 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSmall bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare malignancy marked with a poor prognosis. The cellular and proteomic heterogeneity within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of SBA is a likely driver of prognosis, disease progression and response to therapy. We have addressed a major gap in knowledge of the TIME in SBA using highly multiplexed, protein imaging of the SBA tumor-immune ecosystem generating a comprehensive, single-cell level, spatial, proteomic atlas of TIME in > 600,000 cells from 136 tumor and matched normal samples from clinically and genomically annotated SBA patients (N=37). The SBA TIME Atlas informs on spatial distribution and interactions of tumor-intrinsic processes, diverse immune cell types, immune checkpoints, and vascularization. Enrichment of proliferating epithelial tissue, stem cells, and likely pro-tumor immune signatures in the tumor niche is contrasted by the representation of naïve and early-effector T-cells in the epithelial compartments of adjacent normal tissues. Epithelial-stem-immune cell spatial architectures within tumor and matched-normal niches were strongly associated with patient survival, suggesting malignancy is driven by spatial architecture beyond the tumor microenvironment. The blueprints of therapeutically actionable immune checkpoints at the interface between epithelial and microenvironmental T-cells as well as macrophages have established a guideline for precision immunotherapies tailored to the TIME composition in SBA. We expect that this SBA atlas will contribute to a deeper understanding of the immune contexture in this rare disease as well as other gastrointestinal cancers and help guide future precision immune-oncology strategies.