bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A sensorless drive system for brushless DC motors using a digital phase‐locked loop
Authors: Amano Yoko , Tsuji Toshio , Takahashi Atsushi , Ouchi Shigeo , Hamatsu Kyoji , Iijima Masahiko 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper proposes a sensorless drive system for Brushless DC (BLDC) motors using a Digital Phase‐Locked Loop (DPLL). The Back Electromotive Force (BEMF) voltage is measured from the motor winding to determine the permanent magnet rotor position using the DPLL, and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) limits the motor current to control the speed of BLDC motors. The proposed method can drive BLDC motors using an open‐loop control without stepping out. Also, the proposed method is compared experimentally with a control method that uses Hall sensors. Experimental results for the BLDC motor show the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 142(1): 57–66, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10074
Evaluation of alternating flux leakage testing using 3D nonlinear eddy current analysis and experiment
Authors: Gotoh Yuji , Takahashi Norio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlternating magnetic flux leakage testing has been applied in the inspection process for detecting cracks on the surface of steel. To develop a precise inspection method, the flux and eddy current distribution should be investigated taking into account the nonlinearity of steel. This paper describes 3D numerical analysis and experiment for this testing. The property of leakage flux from the crack of steel under ac excitation is investigated using the 3D edge‐based hexahedral finite element method. It is shown that the 3D analysis is obligatory in the precise analysis of magnetic phenomena of this testing. The effect of crack width and depth of leakage flux is clarified, and the relationship between the lift off and the amplitude of leakage flux is also illustrated. The characteristic of leakage flux is confirmed by a verification experiment. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 142(1): 8–15, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10085
SPICE simulation of SRM considering nonlinear magnetization characteristics
Authors: Tsukii Tomoyuki , Nakamura Kenji , Ichinokura Osamu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe switched reluctance motor (SRM) exhibits desirable features including simple construction, high reliability, and low cost. However, the SRM has not been put into practical applications widely because of its large torque ripple, acoustic noise, and low power factor. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis and optimum design of the SRM have not been clarified thoroughly. In this paper, the authors propose one method for calculating the operating characteristics of the SRM based on SPICE, the general‐purpose circuit simulation program. The calculated results obtained in the trial 8/6 SRM show good agreement with the experimental ones. The method is useful for optimum design of the SRM. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 142(1): 50–56, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ eej.10092
Time‐frequency analysis of a pressure wave caused by impulse tree using wavelet transform
Authors: Kadowaki Kazunori , Nishimoto Sakae , Kitani Isamu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper describes results of time‐frequency analysis of a pressure wave caused by impulse tree extension using wavelet transform. Pressure waves were measured by a piezo sensor which was located on the back of the plane electrode when high‐voltage nanosecond pulses were applied to a point electrode in a low‐density polyethylene block. Frequency of the pressure wave from induced charges on the plane electrode was higher than that of the pressure wave from tree. In addition, the frequency of the pressure wave from tree tended to decrease with increasing gap length because of the dispersion of the pressure wave during its propagation. When a large tree extension occurred between a 5‐mm gap, pressure waves of about 10 MHz propagated from the tree tip and a pressure wave of 1 MHz propagated from the tree stem. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 142(1): 1–7, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10097
Sonoran pronghorn, cumulative impacts and the Endangered Species Act: A litigation case study
Authors: Jensen Craig D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRecent litigation between an environmental advocacy group and multiple federal agency defendants regarding
federal agency responsibilities under the Endangered Species Act is instructive for natural resource
practitioners. The judicial opinion provides insight into the proper content of Biological Assessments, Biological
Opinions, and Recovery Plans. For the federal agency natural resource practitioner who will either prepare or
review one of these three types of documents, this case study provides the opportunity to learn from previous
mistakes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Why DOD is interested in invasive species
Authors: Dalsimer Alison 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInvasive species impact DOD's ability to conduct its training, testing, and deployment missions. This
article will explain what invasives are, discuss the impacts invasives are having generally and for the military
in particular, provide specific examples of instances where invasives are impacting DOD's mission, and
briefly describe what actions DOD is taking to address the problem in ways that benefit both biodiversity and
mission needs. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Army Test and Evaluation Command non‐tactical vehicle fleet: A strategy for complying with Executive Order 13149
Authors: Canes Michael E. , Jackson Daniel P. , Jenkins Terri M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractExecutive Order 13149 (EO 13149) requires that federal agencies with fleets of 20 or more vehicles
reduce their petroleum use by 20 percent by the end of fiscal year 2005 relative to such use in fiscal year 1999.
Certain vehicles are exempt (e.g., tactical military vehicles and law enforcement vehicles), but many
federal agencies have large numbers of non‐exempt vehicles that are covered under the Executive Order.We analyzed the implications of EO 13149 for one major command of the U.S. Army, the Army Test and Evaluation
Command (ATEC). The analysis consisted of two parts; establishing a fiscal year 1999 baseline
estimate of ATEC vehicle petroleum use, and drafting strategic options for meeting the goals of EO 13149. These
options included the use of alternative fuels, more fuel‐efficient vehicles, and more efficient utilization
of existing vehicles. This paper reports the results of our investigation and the principal conclusions drawn from
it, which may be applicable to other DOD and federal civilian agencies. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
NASA Environmental Management System (EMS) Development
Authors: Green Michael J. , DeWit Michael 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) developed an Environmental Management
System (EMS) based on the ISO 14001 standard. The EMS procedures were developed to provide maximum
flexibility to the individual NASA Centers while meeting the requirements of ISO 14001 and Executive Order
13148. The EMS was tested at Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio, Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas,
and Stennis Space Center in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. The pilot study was undertaken to better understand
implementation challenges, costs, resource requirements, and benefits. Implementation costs are presented by
site population and implementation phases. Potential benefits included increased involvement of management and
shop level personnel; reduced mission delays; improved procedures; reduction in single point
failures; identification of pollution prevention opportunities; improved compliance; and better
relationships with regulators and the public. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ISO 14001 and its role in environmental preservation
Authors: Beal Susan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) standard, which provides the course of action
for an organization to follow in its development of an EMS, is based on a Plan, Do, Check, Act cycle that fosters
the continual improvement of environmental preservation goals. This incremental process begins when an
organization first recognizes how its practices affect the environment, identifies how it can develop the
programs that will allow management of its own unique “significant environmental aspects,” and
determines how to best adhere to applicable environmental rules and regulations. Each organization will find that
the implementation of ISO 14001 provides better control over its processes, resulting in the minimization of
out‐of‐compliance issues. In particular, integrating environmental management with business
operations allows an organization to better manage the environmental impacts of those operations. Moreover, by
identifying and documenting operational controls as part of the EMS process, an organization cannot help but
achieve continual environmental improvement. A documented EMS is especially important because it functions to
increase employee awareness of what is required to achieve environmental goals, as well as enables the evaluation
of the system through internal assessments. Accomplishing the above tasks leads to environmentally sound
performance and, in turn, to the readiness that ensures achievement of an organization's primary
mission—to provide efficient and affordable services to its customers. Although the outcome of implementing
an EMS in accordance with the ISO 14001 standard considerably improves the effectiveness and efficiency of an
organization's environmental program, only those organizations that have fully implemented the requirements
outlined in the standard are officially registered to ISO 14001. This paper is presented to describe the
implementation of the ISO 14001 standard at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division, Newport, with emphasis on
the benefits that were gained and the lessons that were learned. Division Newport was the first Department of
Defense activity to register an entire federal facility to the ISO 14001 standard, and received the 2001 White
House Closing the Circle Award in the EMS category. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Laminar diffusion of suspended particulate matter using a two phase flow model
Authors: Panda T. C. , Mishra S. K. , Panda K. Ch. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe present paper envisages laminar mixing of a two‐dimensional jet of particulate suspension in an incompressible carrier fluid with a free stream in direction of the jet axis. Finite difference technique has been employed for finding out solution of governing equations. It is found that the diffusion parameter ε, the ratio of particle diffusion coefficient and kinematic viscosity of the carrier fluid, have significant influence on the concentration of particles. A large value of ε has the effect in increasing the perturbation velocity up and perturbation density ρp. It is observed that the volume fraction φ, has no significant effect on perturbation velocity u and up but has profound effect on perturbation velocity v and vp. It is also found that the particle phase as well as the carrier fluid velocity attain free stream value for the large ξ, the modified x‐co‐ordinate. Further the magnitude of the perturbation quantities u, up, v, vp decreases as ξ increases i.e. at far away from the nozzle exit. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zonal multi‐domain RANS/LES simulations of turbulent flows
Authors: Quéméré P. , Sagaut P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new zonal multi‐domain Reynolds averaged numerical simulation/large‐Eddy simulation (RANS/LES) method is presented and assessed. The main occurring problem is the coupling at the domain interfaces between a 1D or 2D, ensemble averaged solution computed with the RANS approach with the 3D, filtered, unsteady solution obtained using the LES approach. Both low‐ and high‐normal velocity interface cases are considered, resulting in a fully general approach. A coupling procedure well suited for cell‐centred finite volume numerical method is proposed. Numerical tests are carried out for the plane channel and the plane plate with a blunt trailing‐edge configurations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gemcitabine following radiotherapy with concurrent 5‐fluorouracil for nonmetastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
Authors: Kachnic Lisa A. , Shaw James E. , Manning Matthew A. , Lauve Andrew D. , Neifeld James P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGemcitabine has been shown to be an active agent in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. This study was conducted to prospectively examine the tolerance and early efficacy of adjuvant gemcitabine following radiotherapy with concurrent 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) for nonmetastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Twenty‐three patients, median age 64 years, were treated with combined modality therapy. Nine patients underwent tumor resection before chemoradiation; 14 patients with locally unresectable tumors received definitive chemoradiation. Radiotherapy utilized four fields to the tumor and lymphatics to 45 Gy, plus a lateral boost to 50.4 Gy. Concurrent 5‐FU 500 mg/m2/day was administered on days 1–3 and 29–31, followed by 4 months of gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2/week for 3 weeks (fourth week break). Adjuvant gemcitabine was well tolerated. Eighty‐three percent of the patients completed three to four cycles. The primary dose‐limiting toxicity was leukopenia, which was observed in 10 patients (43%). Nonhematologic toxicities were reported in five patients (22%). There were no cases of gemcitabine‐induced radiation recall and there have been no deaths attributed to treatment toxicity. Median follow‐up for the 23 patients was 12 months (range, 5–50); the actuarial median survival was 13 months. This report confirms that adjuvant gemcitabine following radiotherapy with concurrent 5‐FU for nonmetastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma can be safely administered. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐human to human organ transplantation:Its biologic basis and a potential role for radiation therapy
Authors: Halperin Edward C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThere is an inadequate supply of human donor organs for transplantation. Xenotransplantation, the transplantation of organs from non‐human animals to humans, is one of the potential solutions to this problem. The pig appears to be the preferred donor. For xenotransplantation to be successful, researchers must deal with three fundamental problems: (1) Hyperacute rejection of porcine organs, related to binding of xenoreactive natural antibodies of the recipient to antigens on the graft's endothelial cells, must be overcome. (2) Transmission of animal pathogens to humans must be prevented. Concern about zoonosis is not only directed to the transplant recipient but also concerns the risk that an infectious agent will be transferred from the recipient to the general population. (3) The xenografted organ must be physiologically compatible with the recipient. The physiological function of a pig organ in a human and its ability to sustain a human are problematic. Total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and thoraco‐abdominal irradiation (TAI) as immunosuppressive modalities have been investigated in rodent‐to‐rodent, large mammals and non‐human primates‐to‐primates, and pig‐to‐primate models. In certain clinical situations, TLI and TAI may prove to be important components for the preparation of the xenotransplant recipient. Progress in genetic engineering and cloning may soon lead to clinical trials in xenotransplantation. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of hyaluronan synthase 2 or hyaluronidase 1 differentially affect the growth rate of transplantable colon carcinoma cell tumors
Authors: Jacobson Annica , Rahmanian Mehdi , Rubin Kristofer , Heldin Paraskevi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAdvanced colorectal cancers are often associated with elevated amounts of hyaluronan. To investigate the importance of hyaluronan in colon carcinoma tumor progression, we have expressed by stable transfection hyaluronan synthase 2 (Has2) and hyaluronidase 1 (Hyal1) in the rat colon carcinoma cell line, PROb. We found that hyaluronan overproduction led to a higher growth rate of tumor cells in vitro, and to a faster development of transplantable tumors in syngeneic rats, compared to the mock‐transfectants. Has2 transfected PROb cells gave rise to tumors that were significantly less vascularized, but had a significantly larger viable tumor fraction compared to tumors generated from mock‐transfectants. In contrast, Hyal1 overexpression suppressed the growth rate of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, tumors derived from Hyal1‐transfected cells had a significantly larger necrotic area than tumors derived from mock‐ and Has2‐transfectants. Our study demonstrates that Has2 overproduction promotes tumorigenicity, whereas Hyal1 overexpression suppresses tumorigenicity in an experimental model for colon carcinoma. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Type III intestinal metaplasia and carcinoma express an identical carbohydrate‐epitope revealed by a novel monoclonal antibody (2D11)
Authors: Kimura Akihiko , Ohta Masataka , Ono Kazuo , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Inoue Hiroshi , Yasuda Seiji , Nosaka Mizuho , Tsuji Tsutomu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA monoclonal antibody (2D11, IgG2b) obtained by immunizing mice with a mucin fraction of the human gastric mucosa reacted specifically to intestinal metaplasia of human gastric mucosa and fetal intestinal mucosa but not to normal adult gastric, small intestinal or colonic mucosa in immunohistochemical staining. The results of Western blotting indicated that 2D11 recognized the high molecular weight glycoprotein(s) (mucin) of the stomach. Treatment of the antigens with sodium periodate abolished their reactivity to 2D11, and digestion of the antigens with β‐galactosidase reduced their reactivity to 2D11. Digestion of the antigens with pronase had no effect, however, suggesting that 2D11 recognizes the oligosugar moiety but not the peptide moiety of the antigens. Further immunohistochemical investigation showed that the reactivity of 2D11 was restricted to the Type III intestinal metaplasia that is identified by a characteristic staining pattern with the high iron diamine‐Alcian blue stain. 2D11 also reacted in high frequency to adenocarcinomas of the stomach (66.7%), pancreas (66.7%) and gallbladder (50.0%), but in low frequency to those in lung (8.3%) and colon (11.1%). It is of interest that 2D11 reacted to very restricted regions of the gastric adenocarcinomas. All monoclonal antibodies to mucin polypeptides (MUC1, 2, 3, 5AC and 6) examined stained intestinal metaplasia and carcinomas in a different pattern from 2D11 in immunohistochemistry. These facts indicate that Type III intestinal metaplasia and carcinomas express carbohydrate chains identical to those expressed in the fetal intestinal mucosa, suggesting that both of them are closely related to fetal intestinal mucosa. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced risk of prostate cancer among patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Weiderpass Elisabete , Ye Weimin , Vainio Harri , Kaaks Rudolf , Adami Hans‐Olov 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlthough diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of several malignancies, a negative association with prostate cancer is biologically most plausible. The epidemiologic evidence is, however, inconsistent, limited and based mostly on small studies. We present results from a large, population‐based cohort study in Sweden, where we assessed prostate cancer risk among patients hospitalized for diabetes mellitus. The cohort was composed of patients identified in the Swedish In‐Patient Register as having a hospital discharge diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in 1965–1994. The follow‐up was done by linkages with the national cancer register and other population‐based registers. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), with 95% confidence interval (CI), were used as a measure of relative risk. After complete exclusion of the first year of follow‐up (to avoid selection bias), 135,950 men remained in the cohort, contributing 827,099 years of follow‐up to the study. A total of 2,455 incident cases of primary prostate cancer were identified during 1–31 years of follow‐up, yielding an overall SIR of 0.91 (95% CI 0.87–0.94); this risk reduction was more pronounced among patients who have been hospitalized for diabetic complications (SIR = 0.82; 95% CI 0.74–0.91). We found no consistent trends in risk related to age at first hospitalization or to duration of follow‐up. We did find a small, but significantly decreased risk of prostate cancer among men who had been hospitalized for diabetes mellitus. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and mucinous carcinoma of the colon and rectum show higher rates of loss of heterozygosity and loss of E‐cadherin expression due to methylation of promoter region
Authors: Kanazawa Takamitsu , Watanabe Toshiaki , Kazama Shinsuke , Tada Toshihiro , Koketsu Shinichiro , Nagawa Hirokazu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPrevious studies have reported that poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and mucinous carcinoma of the colon and rectum (Por & Muc) show a low incidence and poor prognosis. However, genetic alterations and tumourigenesis of Por & Muc remain unclear. In our study, we analyzed the genetic and epigenetic alterations of Por & Muc to clarify the difference from those of well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma (WD). First, we evaluated the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 4 chromosomes (2p, 5q, 17p, 18q) frequently observed in colorectal cancer. Second, to determine large‐scale allelic losses, we performed wide‐ranging allelotyping study. Using 27 microsatellite markers spanning every 10 cM on chromosome 17 and 18, we defined the LOH ratio as the proportion of markers that exhibit LOH out of 27 markers. Third, we evaluated the methylation of E‐cadherin. With respect to LOH of 4 loci, higher rates of LOH were observed in Por & Muc and a statistical significance was found on the markers adjacent to MSH2 and SMAD4/DCC. Moreover, as the evidence of large‐scale allelic imbalance, the average LOH ratio was higher in Por & Muc (0.70) than in WD (0.24) (p = 0.01). Methylation analysis showed that 54.5% of Por & Muc demonstrated hypermethylation of E‐cadherin. In immunohistochemistry, 77.8% of Por & Muc exhibited abnormal expression of E‐cadherin. Hypermethylation of E‐cadherin correlated significantly with abnormal expression (p = 0.047). These results suggest that the higher rates of LOH contribute to Por & Muc tumourigenesis and most of Por & Muc lose normal E‐cadherin expression, partly because of the methylation of promoter region. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.