bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-ambition climate action in all sectors can achieve 65% greenhouse gas emissions reduction in the United States by 2035
Authors: Zhao Alicia , O'Keefe Kowan , Binsted Matthew , McJeon Haewon , Bryant Adriana , Squire Claire , Zhang Mengqi , Smith Steven , Cui Ryna , Ou Yang , Iyer Gokul , Kennedy Shannon , Hultman Nathan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Under the next cycle of target setting under the Paris Agreement, countries will be updating and submitting new nationally determined contributions (NDCs) over the next two years. To this end, there is a growing need for the United States to assess potential pathways toward a new, maximally ambitious 2035 NDC. In this study, we use an integrated assessment model with state-level detail to model existing policies from both federal and non-federal actors, including the Inflation Reduction Act, Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, and key state policies, across all sectors and gases. Additionally, we develop a high-ambition scenario, which includes feasible, new and enhanced policies from these actors. We find that existing policies can reduce net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 44% (with a range of 37% to 52%) by 2035, relative to 2005 levels, and the high-ambition scenario can deliver net GHG reductions up to 65% (with a range of 59% to 71%) by 2035. This level of reductions would provide a basis for continued progress toward the country’s 2050 net-zero emissions goal.
Cybersecurity analysis on precision time protocol
Authors: Piffaretti Diego Wallace Martins , Santos Anderson Fernandes Pereira dos , Dias Gabriela Moutinho de Souza 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks are pervasive threats to modern network systems, potentially disrupting critical services and cause significant financial and operational damage. This article presents a DoS attack specifically targeting the precision time protocol (PTP), which is a fundamental protocol for achieving precise time synchronization in distributed systems. This attack uses an unusual packet injection flood technique. Through a comprehensive analysis, we highlight the vulnerabilities, operational disruptions, and potential countermeasures available for mitigating the consequences of DoS attacks on PTP.
Short – Term Outcome After Use of Perianal Cleansing Cream After Open Diathermy Hemorrhoidectomy: a Single Center Retrospective Study on a Consecutive Cohort of Patients
Authors: Lisi Giorgio , Mastrangeli Maria Rosaria , Spoletini Domenico , Campanelli Michela 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The healing of hemorrhoidectomy wounds is a main concern of surgeons and patients. Various modalities can improve the quality of wound care after surgery. Several types of surgery, antibiotics and topical agents, such as solutions and ointments, have been evaluated. The current research investigates the effects of cleansing cream in the post – operative management after open diathermy hemorrhoidectomy in terms of wound healing and post – operative pain.
Methods
Between January 2022 and December 2022, 70 consecutive patients underwent open diathermy hemorrhoidectomy for III- and IV- degree hemorrhoids using a cleansing cream postoperatively and were evaluated.
Results
70 patients with third- (n = 46, 65%) and fourth- degree (n = 24, 35%) hemorrhoids were consecutively enrolled. The mean operative time was 21 minutes (range, 17 to 41 min). No intraoperative complications were detected. HSS and VAS score decreased over the time and all patients achieved complete wound healing at the last follow-up despite three of these developed posterior anal fissure. All patients had returned to normal activities (range, 10 days to 15 days).
Conclusion
The results suggest the safety and the effectiveness in terms of post operative pain and wound healing of cleansing crema after open diathermy hemorrhoidectomy. Further multicenter study comparing different ointments are needed to confirm this finding.
Network analysis of the relationship between non-suicidal self-injury, depression, and childhood trauma in adolescents
Authors: Lei Hui , Yang Yanci Yanga , Zhu Ting , Zhang Xiaocui , Dang Junhua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Non-suicidal self-injury seriously harm the physical and mental health of adolescents. The aim of the current study was to explore the relationship between non-suicide self-injury, depression, and childhood trauma from the perspective of symptoms in adolescents.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four junior high middle schools and collected 2640 valid questionnaires. Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), depressive symptoms, and childhood trauma were assessed using the Adolescent Self-Harm Scale, the Childhood Depression Scale, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, respectively. A network analysis was performed.
Results
In the network, NSSI, depressive symptoms and childhood trauma are closely related. Negative Self Esteem in the depressive symptoms and emotional Abuse in the childhood trauma categories were the most central nodes. Negative self-esteem and negative mood were directly connected to NSSI, other nodes of depressive symptoms appeared to be indirectly connected to NSSI through these two nodes. Emotional Abuse was the only node in the childhood trauma categories directly connected to NSSI. The shortest pathways form other categories of childhood trauma (physical neglect, physical abuse, emotional neglect, and sexual abuse) to the NSSI through the effect of emotional abuse.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that targeting negative self-esteem, negative mood and emotional abuse as intervention targets may alleviate depression and reduce NSSI in adolescents to the greatest extent.
Salt-Separated Strategy for Construction of Hollow Carbon Nanospheres with Tunable Size Based on α- Cyclodextrin
Authors: Xing Ye , Li Haichao , Wang Yanan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Hollow carbon nanospheres (HCNs) have attracted much attention in the field of science and technology for their excellent properties; however, developing a versatile synthesis strategy for the preparation of HCNs remains a great challenge. The successful manipulation of size and shell thickness of HCNs is essential to meet their structural varieties and practical applications. Herein, HCNs were prepared directly from the renewable α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) by a novel and simple salt-separated strategy with direct carbonization method is reported. The synthesis differs from the traditional template method in that it is characterized by the introduction of salt for separation and protection, the carbonization does not require the passage of protective gas, and the salt can be recycled. Thus, this method is very cost-effective and environmentally benign. In addition, the HCNs size in this system can be adjusted on demand by simply adjusting the concentration of α-CD, thus realizing that the HCNs size is adjustable in the range of 90–700 nm and adjustable shell thickness in the range of 20–250 nm. This work provides a new insight into the preparation of high-performance carbon materials in an environmentally friendly manner.
Effects of low inspired oxygen fraction during alveolar recruitment maneuver on postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung surgery: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xiao Yijun , Liu Dan , Wang Chaoyang , Li Qin , Liu Hanlin , Li Rongyuan , Yang Conmin , Gong Huaqu , wu wei , liu yinghai 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Patients undergoing lung surgery face an increased risk of postoperative atelectasis and pulmonary complications, primarily due to one-lung ventilation, low tidal volume, and high fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2). The alveolar recruitment maneuver (ARM) effectively reduces atelectasis; however, using pure oxygen during this procedure may attenuate its beneficial effects. Moreover, the effects of this procedure fade over time. Therefore, we assessed the efficacy of the ARM with a low FiO2 (0.4) in preventing atelectasis and associated postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs).
Methods
Overall, the included 120 patients scheduled for thoracoscopic lung surgery randomly divided into two groups. All patients received similar anesthesia management and mechanical ventilation during surgery. Before extubation, the ARM with a continuous positive airway pressure of 20 cmH2O for 15–20s was administered with an FiO2 of 1.0 in group C and an FiO2 of 0.4 in group L. The primary outcome was the incidence of atelectasis and other pulmonary complications within 7 days after surgery. Atelectasis was assessed using postoperative chest radiography or computed tomography findings and lung ultrasound scores (LUSs).
Results
The incidence of PPCs within 7 days of surgery was not significantly different between the two groups. Eighteen patients in group C had pulmonary complications within 7 days after surgery, and 11 had respiratory failure. In group L, 13 patients had pulmonary complications within 7 days after surgery, and four had respiratory failure. There were no significant differences in the LUSs before anesthesia between the two groups. However, the LUSs were significantly lower in group L than in group C 1 h after extubation.
Conclusions
The incidence of pulmonary complications in both groups within 7 days after surgery was similar. However, the incidence of postoperative respiratory failure was less, and atelectasis in the early postoperative period was reduced when the ARM was conducted with an FiO2 of 0.4.
Trial registration
This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (www.chictr.org.cn). first registration in 27/04/2022 and registration number ChiCTR2200059216.
The association of vitamin D and fibrotic disease: a Mendelian randomization Study
Authors: Xie Qingqing , Wang Mi , Zhao Xu , Lu Yiwei , Li Menglan , He Xinyi , Shuai Shiquan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Previous observational studies have suggested a potential link between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of fibrotic disease. However, the results may be influenced by various factors, including reverse causation. To investigate the causal relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the risk of fibrotic disease, we performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. We conducted a comprehensive analysis using genome-wide association study summary statistics for 25-hydroxyvitamin D and five fibrotic diseases: systemic sclerosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, skin scarring and fibrosis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. We screened SNPs significantly associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels as preliminary instrumental variables excluding SNPs associated with potential confounding factors. We utilized MR-PRESSO to identify potential horizontal pleiotropy effects. After removing outliers, we conducted MR analysis on the remaining SNPs. Furthermore, a series of sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness and reliability of the results. This study reveals that there is no established causal relationship between genetically predicted vitamin D concentration and the risk of fibrotic diseases. Consequently, the role of vitamin D as a potential intervention and monitoring tool for fibrotic diseases may not have practical clinical significance.
An empirical study of the Flag Rugby game programme to promote gross motor skills and physical fitness in 5-6 year old preschool children
Authors: Shi Zuozheng , Yang Xulin , Zhang Xinru , Zhu Weihua , Dai Yuxin , Li Jian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction To investigate the effects of flag rugby classes on the development of gross motor skills and physical fitness in 5-6 year old preschool children.
Methods Using the flag rugby sessions as an intervention, a total of 56 preschool children aged 5-6 years (57.14% girls) were randomly selected to participate in class A and class B to see the effects of the flag rugby sessions on their gross motor skills and physical fitness.
Results After 12w exercised，in the comparative analysis of subjects' gross motor and physical fitness test results.We found that the ExG differed significantly(P<0.01) in the test results of gross motor and physical fitness,and a 2(group: ExG,ConG)×2(time: 0w,12w) repeated measures ANOVA was performed and found was interacted significantly(P<0.001) in Total Locomotor Subject Score(F=38. 287, p=0.000, ES=0.415),Total Object Control Subject Score(F=164.453, p=0.000, ES=0.753),Total Gross Motor Score (F=192.409, p=0.000, ES=0.781),and found was interacted significantly (P<0. 05) in grip strength (F=5.030, p=0.029, ES=0.085),sitting forward flexion (F=6.957, p=0.011, ES=0.114),15m obstacle run (F=4.185, p=0.046, ES=0.072),balance beam walk (F=7.504, p=0.008, ES=0.122).In the comparative analysis of the results of gross motor tests and physical fitness in subjects of different sexes, the differences in Total Object Control Subject Score (F=5.200,P=0.027,ES=0. 850), grip strength (F=5.971,P=0.018,ES=0.866), sitting forward bending (F=5.854,P=0.019,ES=-0.863) and 15m obstacle run (F=4.230,P=0.045,ES=- 0.824) had significant (P<0.05) main effects of gender.
Conclusion The 12-week flag rugby game programme can comprehensively and effectively promote the development of gross motor skills and physical fitness in preschool children aged 5-6 years, and there are certain gender differences in promoting the development of children's gross motor skills and physical fitness, which is in accordance with the law and characteristics of physical and mental development of children's sports,We propose to incorporate it into the physical education curriculum for preschool children aged 5-6 years and better development of gross motor and physical fitness in children.
A new Palaeolithic chipped stone tool technology from Southeast Anatolia: the Haydar tool
Authors: Kodaş Ergül 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
During the Palaeolithic, a wide variety of tool technologies and typologies are known to have emerged. Some of those technologies were used over large areas for long periods, while others were geographically restricted and more regionalized. The Haydar tool recovered from the Haydar open-air settlement in Mardin province can be interpreted as a particular and more regional tool techno-typology. This unifacial tool, which is as large as a typical handaxe, can be included in the Levallois concept because of its form and production technic.
Expanding molecular diagnostic coverage for tuberculosis by combining computer-aided chest radiography and sputum specimen pooling: a modeling study from four high burden countries
Authors: Codlin Andrew James , Vo Luan Nguyen Quang , Garg Tushar , Banu Sayera , Ahmed Shahriar , John Stephen , Abdulkarim Suraj , Muyoyeta Monde , Sanjase Nsala , Wingfield Tom , Iem Vibol , Squire Bertie , Creswell Jacob 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
In 2022, fewer than half of persons with tuberculosis (TB) have access to molecular diagnostic tests for TB due to their high costs. Studies have found that computer-aided detection using artificial intelligence (AI) for chest X-ray (CXR) and sputum specimen pooling can each reduce testing costs. We modeled the combination of both strategies to estimate potential savings in consumables that could be used to expand access to molecular diagnostics.
Methods
We obtained Xpert testing and positivity data segmented into deciles by AI probability scores for TB from community- and healthcare facility-based active case finding conducted in Bangladesh, Nigeria, Viet Nam and Zambia. AI scores in the model were based on CAD4TB version 7 (Zambia) and qXR (all other countries). We modeled four ordinal screening and testing approaches involving computer-aided CXR to indicate individual and pooled testing. Setting a false negative rate of 5%, for each approach we calculated additional and cumulative savings over the baseline of universal Xpert testing as well as the theoretical expansion in diagnostic coverage.
Results
In each country, the optimal screening and testing approach was to use AI to rule out testing in deciles with low AI scores and guide pooled and individual testing in persons with moderate and high AI scores, respectively. This approach yielded cumulative savings in Xpert tests over baseline ranging from 50.8% in Zambia to 57.5% in Nigeria and 61.5% in Bangladesh and Viet Nam. Using these savings, diagnostic coverage theoretically could be expanded by 34–160% across the different approaches and countries.
Conclusions
Using a combination of AI and CXR to inform different pooling strategies may optimize TB diagnostic test use, and could extend molecular tests to more people who need them. The optimal AI thresholds and pooled testing strategy varied across countries, which suggests that bespoke screening and testing approaches may be needed for differing populations and settings.
Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction or stenosis using dacryoendoscopy
Authors: Li Hongxun , Li Jiagen , Zhang Lei , Yang Lihong , Zhao Yun , Zhao Hong , Pan Ye 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Silicone intubation has emerged as a common option to address nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) or stenosis. Although dacryoendoscope has increased the success rate of silicone intubation, the success rates were significantly different. Furthermore, no study has comprehensively assessed the risk factors of treatment failure after silicone intubation. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of dacryoendoscopic-assisted laser dacryoplasty with silicone intubation (DLDI) for the management of NLDO or stenosis, and to identify the factors associated with treatment failure. A total of 522 patientswith NLDO or stenosis who underwent DLDI from December 2019 to December 2021 at Tianjin Eye Hospital were considered for enrollment. The overall anatomic success rate was 84.8% for the entire cohort at the 2-year follow-up. In the multivariable model, a higher risk of failed DLDI surgery was associated with a history of chronic dacryocystitis (HR=3.07; P < 0.001) and a longer duration of epiphora than 1 year (HR=2.67; P < 0.001). Of the 522 patients, 37 patients (7.1%) had surgery-related complications. DLDI is an effective minimally invasive technique for treatment in patients with distal NLDO or stenosis. Factors associated with higher risk of reoperation include a longer duration of epiphora and a history of chronic dacryocystitis.
Transcription factor ZmDof22 enhances drought tolerance by regulating stomatal movement and antioxidant enzyme activities in maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Cao Liru , Feiyu Ye , Fahim abbas Muhammad , Ma Chenchen , Pang Yunyun , Zhang Xin , Zhang Qianjin , Lu Xiaomin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Identifying drought stress regulatory genes is essential for the genetic improvement of maize yield. Deoxyribonucleic acid binding with one finger (Dof), a plant-specific transcription factor family, is involved in signal transduction, morphogenesis, and environmental stress responses. In the present study, by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and gene coexpression network analysis, 15 putative Dof genes that respond to drought and rewatering were identified from maize. A real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that these 15 genes were strongly induced by drought and ABA treatment, and among them, ZmDof22 was highly induced by drought and ABA treatment. Its expression level increased nearly 200 times after drought stress and more than 50 times after ABA treatment. After the normal conditions were restored, the expression levels were almost 100 times and 40 times those before treatment, respectively. The Gal4-LexA/UAS system and transcriptional activation analysis indicate that ZmDof22 is a transcriptional activator regulating maize drought tolerance and recovery ability. Further, overexpressed transgenic and mutant plants of ZmDof22 by CRISPR/Cas9 show that the ZmDof22 improves maize drought tolerance by promoting stomatal closure, reduces water loss, and enhances antioxidant enzyme activity by participating in the ABA pathways. Taken together, our findings laid a foundation for further functional studies of the ZmDof gene family and provided insights into the role of the ZmDof22 regulatory network in controlling drought tolerance and recovery ability of maize.
Comparative Simulation Studies on the Countercurrent Multi-Stage Solid-Liquid Extraction of Soybean Oil by Ethanol and Hexane
Authors: Oshin Temitope Alaba , Abhulimen Kingsley E. , Abadi Jerry C. , Adekanye Timothy A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

This study addresses the need for a more environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to hexane, the conventional solvent for oil extraction. Hexane, while efficient in dissolving oil, poses neurotoxicity risks and stems from nonrenewable sources. In contrast, ethanol, produced via biotechnological methods, offers a promising alternative due to its minimal environmental impact, cost-effectiveness, and safety profile. The objective of this work is to compare the performance of hexane and ethanol in the extraction of soybean oil, employing simulation techniques rather than traditional laboratory experiments. The research develops a mathematical model for a countercurrent multistage solid-liquid extraction process, specifically tailored for soybean oil extraction, and simulates the process using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results reveal that hexane exhibits a higher initial extraction rate, especially over a 90-minute simulation period, though ethanol demonstrates comparable efficiency. Moreover, ethanol consistently showcases higher extraction efficiency relative to hexane when considering solvent-to-solid mass ratios. In conclusion, both hexane and ethanol extraction prove practical with ethanol holding advantages in terms of safety and extraction efficiency. These simulation findings serve as a valuable foundation for subsequent laboratory experiments which can contribute to the validation and refinement of the simulation model.
Towards Real-Time Non-Preemptive Multicast Scheduling in Reconfigurable Data Center Networks
Authors: Zhang Fanlong , Liu Jianglong , Wu Yuhang , Chen Quan , Chai Yuan , Wang Zhuowei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Multicast has emerged as a primary communication pattern in datacenter networks due to the increasing demand for distributed data-parallel applications. To accelerate multicast traffic, the emerging reconfigurable circuit technology, which can establish circuit connections among switches, has been proposed as a promising paradigm for datacenter networks. This paper investigates how to accelerate the non-preemptive multicast flows in a demand-aware manner in reconfigurable datacenter networks. Firstly, we introduce the problem of scheduling circuit switches to minimize the average completion time and prove it to be NP-hard. To address the conflicts between different multicast flows under the bandwidth constraint, we consider the concept of splitting multicast flows and propose a two round matching algorithm. Additionally, to further reduce the average completion time, we introduce a method to utilize the remaining capacity of the ToR switches by splitting the unscheduled flows. The proposed algorithm is proved to have an approximation ratio of $2\sqrt{2n}$, where $n$ represents the number of Top-of-Rack (ToR) switches. Finally, the extensive simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in reducing the average completion time of flows compared to state-of-the-art algorithms.