bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the number of subproblem iterations per coupling step in partitioned fluid‐structure interaction simulations
Authors: Spenke Thomas , Delaissé Nicolas , Degroote Joris , Hosters Norbert 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn literature, the cost of a partitioned fluid‐structure interaction scheme is typically assessed by the number of coupling iterations required per time step, while ignoring the internal iterations within the nonlinear subproblems. In this work, we demonstrate that these internal iterations have a significant influence on the computational cost of the coupled simulation. Particular attention is paid to how limiting the number of iterations within each solver call can shorten the overall run time, as it avoids polishing the subproblem solution using unconverged coupling data. Based on systematic parameter studies, we investigate the optimal number of subproblem iterations per coupling step. In addition, this work proposes a new convergence criterion for partitioned algorithms that is based solely on the number of subproblem iterations required to reach the subproblem residual tolerances and therefore does not require any additional convergence tolerance for the coupling loop.
Origin differentiation based on volatile constituents of genuine medicinal materials Quisqualis indica L. via HS‐GC‐MS, response surface methodology, and chemometrics
Authors: Dai Lei , Yang Lin , Li Yan , Li Shuya , Yang Dan , Li Yaxuan , He Dan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionQuisqualis indica L. (QIL) has a long history as a traditional Chinese herb in China, but the study of volatile components in QIL from different geographical sources has been relatively rare.ObjectivesTo establish an optimal headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐GC‐MS) method to comprehensively analyse the volatile component profile and screen quality markers of QIL from different origins.MethodsResponse surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise the conditions for headspace analysis. The volatile components of QIL from four main origins of southwest China were analysed and identified by HS‐GC‐MS. The similarity of all samples of QIL was evaluated by fingerprint. The differences of the volatile components in QIL from different origins were distinguished by chemometrics.ResultsAccording to the optimal conditions of RSM, a total of 31 volatile components were identified, including fatty acids, aldehydes, alcohols, alkyl pyrazines, and other volatile components. Similarity evaluation presented that there were 26 common volatile components with different contents in all samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that QIL from four different origins could be roughly divided into four categories. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) indicated that QIL from different origins had obvious regional characteristics.ConclusionThe optimised HS‐GC‐MS method provided a strategy to rapidly, effectively, and accurately elucidate the volatile component profile of QIL from different origins, and seven important differential components were screened for quality evaluation and origin traceability.
Exploration of the profiles of steroidal saponins from Rhizoma Paridis and their metabolites in rats by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS
Authors: Wu Dong‐Rong , Yang Xiao‐Wen , Zhao Qian , Wang Li‐Xia , Guo Kai , Ye Xiao , Niu Xue‐Mei , Li Sheng‐Hong , Liu Yan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionSteroidal saponins characterised by intricate chemical structures are the main active components of a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Rhizoma Paridis. The metabolic profiles of steroidal saponins in vivo remain largely unexplored, despite their renowned antitumor, immunostimulating, and haemostatic activity.ObjectiveTo perform a comprehensive analysis of the chemical constituents of Rhizoma Paridis total saponins (RPTS) and their metabolites in rats after oral administration.MethodThe chemical constituents of RPTS and their metabolites were analysed using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS).ResultsA reliable UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS method was established, and a total of 142 compounds were identified in RPTS. Specifically, diosgenin‐type saponins showed the diagnostic ions at m/z 415.32, 397.31, 283.25, 271.21, and 253.20, whereas pennogenin‐type saponins exhibited the diagnostic ions at m/z 413.31, 395.30, and 251.20. Based on the characteristic fragments and standard substances, 15 specific metabolites were further identified in the faeces, urine, plasma, and bile of rats. The metabolic pathways of RPTS, including phase I reactions (de‐glycosylation and oxidation) and phase II reactions (glucuronidation), were explored and summarised, and the enrichment of metabolites was characterised by multivariate statistical analysis.ConclusionThe intricate RPTS could be transformed into relatively simple metabolites in rats through de‐glycosylation, which provides a reference for further metabolic studies and screening of active ingredients for TCM.
Quantification and discovery of quality markers from Toddalia asiatica by UHPLC‐MS/MS coupled with chemometrics
Authors: Wang Rui , Yu Chenxi , Shang Ye , Wen Jiake , Wei Wei , Du Kunze , Li Jin , Fang Shiming , Chang Yanxu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionToddalia asiatica (TA) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and contusions. However, research regarding TA quality control is currently limited.ObjectiveWe aimed to establish a strategy for identifying quality markers that can be used for the evaluation of the quality of TA.MethodA rapid and efficient ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS/MS) method was developed for the quantitative determination of 19 compounds in TA from different regions. Then, the extraction process of TA was successively optimized by single‐factor optimization and response surface methodology. Moreover, chemometrics was employed to confirm the correlation between quality and target compounds.ResultsUtilizing the UHPLC‐MS/MS method, separation of the 19 bioactive compounds was achieved within 14 min. The method was validated in terms of linearity (r2 > 0.9982), precision (0.08%–3.70%), repeatability (0.50%–2.54%), stability (2.26%–5.46%), and recovery (95.8%–113%). The optimal extraction process (extraction solvent, 65% ethanol aqueous solution; solid–liquid ratio, 1:20; extraction time, 25 min) was determined with the total content of 19 bioactive compounds as indicator. Significant disparities were observed in the contents of target compounds across different batches of TA. Besides, all samples could be categorized into two distinct groups, and magnoflorine, (−)‐lyoniresinol, nitidine chloride, norbraylin, skimmianine, and decarine were identified as quality markers.ConclusionIn the present study, we developed a strategy to improve the quality control of TA. In consideration of the pharmacodynamic activity and statistical differences, six compounds are proposed as quality markers for TA.
Real‐world treatment outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors used off‐label in oncology: A comprehensive cancer institution experience
Authors: Fontanals Sandra , Esteve Anna , González Andrea , Ibáñez Cristina , Mesía Ricard , Clopés Ana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOff‐label use (OLU) is quite common in oncology due to the complexity of cancer and the time‐consuming regulatory process. However, outcomes of OLU in cancer treatment remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the overall survival (OS), event‐free survival (EFS), duration of treatment (DOT), and reason for treatment discontinuation in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) as OLU for solid tumors from 2011 to 2020. The study collected data on 356 episodes (353 patients), with a median age of 64.4 years, 36.2% women, and 14.6% ECOG ≥ 2. Median OS was 15.7 (11.9–18.7) months, and median EFS was 5.4 (3.8–6.6) months. Men, patients with metastatic disease or ECOG‐PS higher than 1, had worse survival outcomes. The findings derived from this study provide valuable information regarding the real‐world use of ICI‐OLU and contributes to enhancing the decision‐making process for individuals with cancer. Further research on immunotherapy outcomes of OLU in cancer is needed.
Frailty model with change points for survival analysis
Authors: Kojima Masahiro , Orihara Shunichiro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe propose a novel frailty model with change points applying random effects to a Cox proportional hazard model to adjust the heterogeneity between clusters. In the specially focused eight Empowered Action Group (EAG) states in India, there are problems with different survival curves for children up to the age of five in different states. Therefore, when analyzing the survival times for the eight EAG states, we need to adjust for the effects among states (clusters). Because the frailty model includes random effects, the parameters are estimated using the expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm. Additionally, our model needs to estimate change points; we thus propose a new algorithm extending the conventional estimation algorithm to the frailty model with change points to solve the problem. We show a practical example to demonstrate how to estimate the change point and the parameters of the distribution of random effect. Our proposed model can be easily analyzed using the existing R package. We conducted simulation studies with three scenarios to confirm the performance of our proposed model. We re‐analyzed the survival time data of the eight EAG states in India to show the difference in analysis results with and without random effect. In conclusion, we confirmed that the frailty model with change points has a higher accuracy than the model without a random effect. Our proposed model is useful when heterogeneity needs to be taken into account. Additionally, the absence of heterogeneity did not affect the estimation of the regression parameters.
PTOV1‐AS1 desensitizes colorectal cancer cells to 5‐FU through depressing miR‐149‐5p to activate the positive feedback loop with Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Chen Yanan , Mao Xiaobei , Xu Yichen , Li Lin , Geng Jian , Dai Tingting , Wang Qian , Xue Lijun , Tao Leilei , Liu Xiaobei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract5‐Fluorouracil is a commonly used chemotherapy drug for colorectal cancer. Resistance to 5‐Fluorouracil remains a challenge. This research aimed to explore the mechanism of 5‐Fluorouracil resistance in colorectal cancer. RT‐qPCR and Western blot were used to determine the RNA and protein expression in both cells and exosome. Assays in vitro and in vivo were performed to measure the role of miR‐149‐5p in colorectal cancer cells. RIP, luciferase activity report, and RNA pulldown assay were applied to detect the association of PTOV1‐AS1, SUV39H1, miR‐149‐5p, and FOXM1. MiR‐149‐5p was down‐expressed in 5‐Fluorouracil‐resistant cells. MiR‐149‐5p enhanced the effectiveness of 5‐Fluorouracil both in vitro and in vivo. Sensitive colorectal cancer cells released exosomal miR‐149‐5p to sensitize resistant cells to chemotherapy. Mechanistically, miR‐149‐5p targeted the FOXM1 to inactivate Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, and PTOV1‐AS1 recruited SUV39H1 to suppress miR‐149‐5p transcription, in turn activating Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, and forming a positive feedback loop with FOXM1. PTOV1‐AS1 inhibits miR‐149‐5p by a positive feedback loop with FOXM1‐mediated Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, which provides insights into a potential novel target for enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients.
Chirped Pulses Meet Quantum Dots: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Kappe Florian , Karli Yusuf , Wilbur Grant , Krämer Ria G. , Ghosh Sayan , Schwarz René , Kaiser Moritz , Bracht Thomas K. , Reiter Doris E. , Nolte Stefan , Hall Kimberley C. , Weihs Gregor , Remesh Vikas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractShaped laser pulses have been remarkably effective in investigating various aspects of light–matter interactions spanning a broad range of research. Chirped laser pulses exhibiting a time‐varying frequency, or quadratic spectral phase, form a crucial category in the group of shaped laser pulses. This type of pulses have made a ubiquitous presence from spectroscopic applications to developments in high‐power laser technology, and from nanophotonics to quantum optical communication, ever since their introduction. In the case of quantum technologies recently, substantial efforts are being invested toward achieving a truly scalable architecture. Concurrently, it is important to develop methods to produce robust photon sources. In this context, semiconductor quantum dots hold great potential, due to their exceptional photophysical properties and on‐demand operating nature. Concerning the scalability aspect of semiconductor quantum dots, it is advantageous to develop a simple, yet robust method to generate photon states from it. Chirped pulse excitation has been widely demonstrated as a robust and efficient state preparation scheme in quantum dots, thereby boosting its applicability as a stable photon source in a real‐world scenario. Despite the rapid growth and advancements in laser technologies, the generation and control of chirped laser pulses can be demanding. Here, an overview of a selected few approaches is presented to tailor and characterize chirped pulses for the efficient excitation of a quantum dot source. By taking the chirped‐pulse‐induced adiabatic rapid passage process in quantum dot as an example, numerical design examples are presented along with experimental advantages and challenges in each method and conclude with an outlook on future perspectives.
Judging the relative trustworthiness of research results: How to do it and why it matters
Authors: Gorard Stephen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper describes, and lays out an argument for, the use of a procedure to help groups of reviewers to judge the quality of prior research reports. It argues why such a procedure is needed, and how other existing approaches are only relevant to some kinds of research, meaning that a review or synthesis cannot successfully combine quality judgements of different types of research. The proposed procedure is based on four main factors: the fit between the research question(s) for any study and its design(s); the size of the smallest group of cases used in the headline analyses; the amount and skewness of missing data; and the quality of the data collected. This simple procedure is now relatively widely used, and has been found to lead to widespread agreement between reviewers. It can fundamentally change the findings of a review of evidence, compared to the conclusions that would emerge from a more traditional review that did not include genuine quality rating of prior evidence. And powerfully, because it is not technical, it permits users to help judge research findings. This is important as there is a growing demand for evidence‐led approaches in areas of social science such as education, wherein summaries of evidence must be as trustworthy as possible.
An interaction of patriarchy and female leadership: A synthesis of literature on women leadership in Eswatini
Authors: Nkambule Happy , Perumal Juliet 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper presents results of a systematic research synthesis of 23 studies on female leadership in Eswatini. The review aimed to present conclusions drawn from synthesising findings from studies on women's participation in leadership in Eswatini. Systematic methods were used in the review to identify the 23 research studies focusing on female leadership across sectors in Eswatini. Since the reviewed studies were qualitative, research synthesis methods were used, and three main themes were identified across the excavated studies. The three main themes are: (1) gender inequality, (2) challenges for women leadership, and (3) women empowerment. Sub‐themes relating to the main themes also emerged. Challenges highlighted were categorised into two: those inhibiting access to leadership for women, and those affecting women who are already in leadership. Forms of women empowerment discussed in the studies are: in‐service training, networking and mentoring. The analysis contributed to knowledge on female leadership in Eswatini by highlighting contributions and limitations of these studies, and further provides a base for future conceptual analysis.Context and implicationsRationale for the studyThe main purpose for undertaking the synthesis of literature on women leadership in Eswatini was to add a voice in the leadership discourse using Eswatini's context.Why the new findings matterThe review on women leadership in Eswatini contributes to the knowledge on African women leadership, and further act as a signpost for future research.Implications for practionersThe synthesis revealed the dearth of literature on female leadership in Eswatini, thus highlighting the need for scholars and feminist researchers to prioritise documenting the voices of women leaders that remains undocumented, so that upcoming young leaders can learn from the great works done by those who have walked uncharted paths before them.
Group consensus tracking of second‐order nonlinear multi‐agent systems with time‐varying reference velocities
Authors: Yu Junyan , Li Yajie 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThis paper investigates group consensus tracking problems with time‐varying reference velocities. The multiple agents are described as second‐order nonlinear dynamics in directed information exchange settings. For the multi‐agent networks formed by finite agent groups, novel distributed protocols with/without time‐varying transmission delays are designed to solve the group consensus tracking problems. The problems are first transformed into the asymptotical stability of consensus error systems and the input‐to‐state stability of tracking error systems, and then sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the agents realizing the group consensus tracking based on Lyapunov stability theories. Finally, several simulations are given to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
An event‐triggered subspace predictive control method for partially unknown linear parameter‐varying systems
Authors: Li Zhe , Liu Kexin , Wang Xudong , Yuan Xiaofang , Liu Yubai , Wang Yaonan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article develops a novel event‐triggered subspace predictive control (ET‐SPC) method for discrete‐time linear parameter‐varying (LPV) systems with partially unknown system parameters. An event‐triggered law is developed to alleviate the heavy load of data transmission and computation in the conventional subspace predictive control methods for the LPV systems. The design of the event‐triggered law relies on the input‐to‐state stability (ISS) theory and applies the robust stability condition based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which guarantees the stability of the proposed method. Consequently, the input component can be directly transmitted to the system without receding horizon optimization when the event‐triggered law evaluates that the system satisfies the stability condition. The simulation results illustrate its satisfactory performance, which indicates its potential application involving a considerable amount of data transmission and computation such as the network control systems (NCSs).
CEO attention and sustainable development: An analysis of its influence on firm's sustainability orientation
Authors: Yu Kangkang , Hou Shaobo , Qian Cheng , Zhang Lingbo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDrawing on the attention‐based view and leadership theory, this study proposes a theoretical framework for the relationship between CEOs' attention load and firms' sustainability orientation, with supply chain leadership and CEOs' social capital playing mediating and moderating roles, respectively. We tested the theoretical framework by analysing panel data on 236 CEOs from 102 listed companies in the agricultural and food industries in China from 2012 to 2019. We find that (a) CEOs' attention load negatively affects firms' sustainable orientation; (b) this relationship is partially mediated by firms' supply chain leadership; and (c) CEOs' social capital positively moderates this mediating effect. Lower CEO attention loads are associated with increased supply chain leadership and higher sustainability orientation for the firm. Additionally, CEOs' social capital positively moderates the relationship between attention load and sustainability orientation. This study integrates the attention‐based view and leadership theory into sustainable development research, investigating the translation mechanism of CEO attention to a firm's managerial orientation towards sustainability. It contributes to leadership theory by extending sustainable and ethical leadership from an intra‐ to inter‐organisational context.
2D Film‐Like Magnetic SERS Tag with Enhanced Capture and Detection Abilities for Immunochromatographic Diagnosis of Multiple Bacteria
Authors: Li Jiaxuan , Shen Wanzhu , Liang Xueyan , Zheng Shuai , Yu Qing , Wang Chaoguang , Wang Chongwen , Gu Bing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHere, a multiplex surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)–immunochromatography (ICA) platform is presented using a graphene oxide (GO)‐based film‐like magnetic tag (GFe–DAu–D/M) that effectively captures and detects multiple bacteria in complex specimens. The 2D GFe–DAu–D/M tag with universal bacterial capture ability is fabricated through the layer‐by‐layer assembly of one layer of small Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) and two layers of 30 nm AuNPs with a 0.5 nm built‐in nanogap on monolayer GO nanosheets followed by co‐modification with 4‐mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA) and 5,5′‐dithiobis‐(2‐nitrobenzoic acid).The GFe–DAu–D/M enabled the rapid enrichment of multiple bacteria by MPBA and quantitative analysis of target bacteria on test lines by specific antibodies, thus achieving multiple signal amplification of magnetic enrichment effect and multilayer dense hotspots and eliminating matrix interference in real‐world applications. The developed technology can directly and simultaneously diagnose three major pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhimurium) with detection limits down to the level of 10 cells mL−1. The good performance of the proposed method in the detection of real urinary tract infection specimens is also demonstrated, suggesting the great potential of the GFe–DAu–D/M–ICA platform for the highly sensitive monitoring of bacterial infections or contamination.