bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation induced cytidine deaminase expression in lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Mottok A , Hansmann M-L , Bräuninger A 
Published: August 2005

Background:The lymphocytic and histiocytic (L&H) cells of lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) originate from germinal centre B cells and carry mutated V gene rearrangements, usually with intraclonal diversity. It is unclear whether intraclonal V gene diversification by somatic hypermutation, which is strictly dependent on the enzyme activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID), is restricted to the early phase of lymphoma clone expansion and later silenced, or whether it remains active throughout malignant proliferation.Aims:To analyse whether AID is expressed in L&H cells as an indicator of active somatic hypermutation in the tumour cells.Methods:L&H cells from lymphocyte predominant HL cases and centroblasts from lymphadenites were micromanipulated and analysed for AID expression by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction.Results:The AID transcription level was higher than background in three of the six lymphocyte predominant HL cases, although it was lower than that seen in centroblasts.Conclusions:Somatic hypermutation may remain active in L&H cells in a considerable proportion of cases, increasing the risk of acquiring further transforming mutations.
High cystine in platelets from patients with nephropathic cystinosis: a chemical, ultrastructural, and functional evaluation
Authors: Olcay L , Erdemli E , Kesimer M , Büyükaşık Y , Okur H , Kalkanoğlu H S , Coşkun T , Altay Ç 
Published: August 2005

Aim:To investigate the morphology and function of platelets in nephropathic cystinosis (NC).Methods:Seven patients (mean age, 6.5 years; SD, 20 months) with NC were investigated. Their platelets were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the characteristics of the dense granules (DGs) were determined by mepacrine labelling and the uranaffin reaction. Bleeding time, turbidometric aggregation, and luminescence aggregation were studied and intraplatelet cystine was measured.Results:Increased intraplatelet cystine, primary and secondary aggregation defects, and the absence of ATP release were demonstrated. TEM revealed DGs of various shapes and sizes and lamellary or amorphous cytoplasmic inclusions. Viscous material had been released into the vacuolar spaces and enlarged open canalicular system. Mepacrine labelling revealed that the numbers of DGs/platelet were comparable between the patients and the controls (mean, 2.9 (SD, 0.22)v3.32 (0.18); p  =  0.34). The uranaffin reaction revealed that the numbers of type 1, 3, and 4 DGs were comparable between the patients and the controls, but that there were fewer type 2 DGs in the patients (mean, 8.5 (SD, 1.95)v17.22 (1.58); p  =  0.01). TEM for platelet aggregation revealed a lack of induction and/or defective execution and/or delayed transmission. The patients’ intraplatelet cystine concentrations were higher than the controls (mean, 1.56 (SD, 0.84)v0.08 (0.01) nmol/mg protein; p  =  0.009).Conclusions:This is the first report to demonstrate raised intraplatelet cystine, abnormal platelet ultrastructural findings, and defective aggregation in NC.
AN ANALYSIS METHOD FOR SAMPLING IN SHIFT-INVARIANT SPACES
Authors: ERICSSON STEFAN , GRIP NIKLAS 
Published: August 2005

A subspace V of L2(ℝ) is called shift-invariant if it is the closed linear span of integer-shifted copies of a single function. As a complement to classical analysis techniques for sampling in such spaces, we propose a method which is based on a simple interpolation estimate of a certain coefficient mapping. Then we use this method to derive both new results and relatively simple proofs of some previously known results. Among these are some results of rather general nature and some more specialized results for B-spline wavelets. The main problem under study is to find a shift x0 and an upper bound δ such that any function f ∈ V can be reconstructed from a sequence of sample values (f(x0 + k + δk))k∈ℤ, either when all δk = 0 or in the irregular sampling case with an upper bound sup k|δk| < δ.
Endothelial Cell Activation by IL-1β in the Presence of Fibrinogen Requires αVβ3
Authors: Sahni Abha , Sahni Sanjeev K. , Francis Charles W. 
Published: August 2005

Objective—The purpose of this study was to investigate the receptor requirements for enhanced IL-1β–induced secretion of nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial cells (ECs) in the presence of fibrinogen.Methods and Results—ECs were exposed to IL-1β with or without fibrinogen and NO was measured as nitrite. NO production by EC exposed to fibrinogen (0.3±0.1 μmol/L) was comparable concentration to control (0.2±0.1 μmol/L), but IL-1β significantly increased NO production (0.8±0.1 μmol/L), and the combination of both fibrinogen and IL-1β resulted in a further increase to 2.2±0.2 μmol/L (P<0.002). 7E3 or LM609, antibodies to αvβ3, inhibited NO production stimulated by fibrinogen-bound IL-1β to 0.2±0.1 μmol/L (P<0.001) or 0.2±0.03 μmol/L (P<0.0001), respectively. These levels were comparable to control and significantly less than with IL-1β (P<0.002). EC or fibroblasts exposed to both fibrinogen and IL-1β, but not vitronectin and IL-1β, demonstrated positive Western blotting for αVβ3after immunopurification with anti- IL-1R, indicating specific association between αvβ3and IL-1R. Dual immunofluorescence also revealed colocalization of αvβ3and IL-1R only when the cells were exposed to both fibrinogen and IL-1β.Conclusion—The enhanced NO production by ECs in the presence of fibrinogen-bound IL-1β requires the coordinated effects of colocalized αVβ3and IL-1R.
Rho/Rho-Kinase Pathway Contributes to C-Reactive Protein–Induced Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Nakakuki Tetsuya , Ito Masaaki , Iwasaki Hitoshi , Kureishi Yasuko , Okamoto Ryuji , Moriki Nobuyuki , Kongo Mariko , Kato Shinya , Yamada Norikazu , Isaka Naoki , Nakano Takeshi 
Published: August 2005

Objective—Rho/Rho-kinase pathway plays pivotal roles in cardiovascular diseases including arteriosclerosis and hypertension. Recently it has become evident that C-reactive protein (CRP), a powerful marker for cardiovascular events, has direct proatherothrombotic effects on vascular cells. However, its molecular mechanism has not been fully investigated. We examined the involvement of Rho/Rho-kinase signaling in CRP-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs).Methods and Results—PAI-1 expression was determined by Western blotting. RhoA activation was determined by an affinity pull-down assay using Rho-binding fragment of rhotekin. NF-κB activity was determined using the luciferase reporter gene. Incubation of BAECs with human recombinant CRP (≥25 μg/mL) induced a significant increase in PAI-1 expression. Stimulation of BAECs with CRP significantly increased RhoA activation. Pretreatment with TAT-C3 (a membrane-permeable RhoA inhibitor) and Y-27632 (Rho-kinase inhibitor) significantly inhibited CRP-induced PAI-1 expression. NF-κB activity was markedly enhanced by CRP and pretreatment with Y-27632 inhibited its activation. Parthenolide, SN50, and BAY 11-7082 (NF-κB inhibitors) significantly blocked CRP-mediated PAI-1 expression.Conclusions—These data suggested that CRP activates Rho/Rho-kinase signaling, which in turn activates NF-κB activity, resulting in PAI-1 expression in BAEC. These observations provide evidence for the possible involvement of Rho/Rho-kinase signaling in CRP-induced atherothrombogenesis.
Expression of the Pregnane X Receptor in Mice Antagonizes the Cholic Acid–Mediated Changes in Plasma Lipoprotein Profile
Authors: Masson David , Lagrost Laurent , Athias Anne , Gambert Philippe , Brimer-Cline Cynthia , Lan Lubin , Schuetz John D. , Schuetz Erin G. , Assem Mahfoud 
Published: August 2005

Objective—Modification of lipoprotein metabolism by bile acids has been mainly explained by activation of the farnesyl X receptor (FXR). The aim of the present study was to determine the relative contribution of the pregnane X receptor (PXR), another bile acid–activated nuclear receptor to changes in plasma lipoprotein profile.Methods and Results—Wild-type mice, Pxr-deficient mice, and Pxr-null mice expressing human PXR (Pxr-null SXR-Tg mice) were fed a cholic acid–containing diet, and consequences on plasma lipoprotein profiles and target gene expression were assessed. Cholic acid produced significant decreases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, plasma apolipoprotein (apo)A-I and hepatic apoA-I mRNA in wild-type mice. Interestingly, the effect of cholic acid was significantly more pronounced in Pxr-deficient mice, indicating that PXR contributes to the weakening of the effect of bile acids on lipoprotein metabolism. Reciprocally, changes in HDL/apoA-I profiles were abolished in Pxr-null SXR-Tg mice in which PXR-responsive genes, particularly those involved in bile acid detoxification were readily activated after cholic acid treatment.Conclusion—PXR expression in mice antagonizes the cholic acid–mediated downregulation of plasma HDL cholesterol and apoA-I, and magnification of PXR/SXR-mediated changes may constitute a new mean to counteract the effects of bile acids on plasma lipoproteins.
α-Lipoic Acid–Induced Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression Is Mediated by Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Human Monocytic Cells
Authors: Ogborne Richard M. , Rushworth Stuart A. , O’Connell Maria A. 
Published: August 2005

Objective—Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting enzyme in heme catabolism, plays a protective role in the vascular system. HO-1 induction inhibits cytokine production in macrophages. Antioxidants induce HO-1 expression in various cell types. α-lipoic acid (ALA), a thiol-containing dietary antioxidant, exhibits protective effects in vascular disease and induces anti-inflammatory effects in monocytes. This study examined the effects of ALA on HO-1 expression in human monocytic cells.Methods and Results—ALA time and dose-dependently induced HO-1 mRNA expression in THP-1 cells, with peak expression at 4 hours and returning to baseline by 24 hours. This correlated with an increase in HO-1 protein expression. ALA stimulated translocation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) into the nucleus and binding to a human HO-1 antioxidant response element (ARE) by 30 minutes. A dominant-negative Nrf2 inhibitor reduced ALA-induced HO-1 mRNA expression by 66%. Pretreatment with SB203580, a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, reduced ALA-induced HO-1 mRNA expression by 75% and inhibited ALA-induced Nrf2 binding to the HO-1 ARE.Conclusions—These results demonstrate that ALA induces HO-1 expression in THP-1 monocytic cells via Nrf2 and p38. Further studies are required to investigate whether the protective effects of ALA in monocytes are mediated by HO-1.
Adult acute megakaryocytic leukemia: an analysis of 37 patients treated at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Authors: Oki Yasuhiro , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Zhou Xian , Cortes Jorge , Faderl Stefan , Verstovsek Srdan , O'Brien Susan , Koller Charles , Beran Miloslav , Bekele B. Nebiyou , Pierce Sherry , Thomas Deborah , Ravandi Farhad , Wierda William G. , Giles Francis , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Jabbour Elias , Keating Michael J. , Bueso-Ramos Carlos E. , Estey Elihu , Garcia-Manero Guillermo 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
To characterize acute megakaryocytic leukemia (FAB M7 AML), we identified 37 patients with M7 AML treated at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center between 1987 and 2003 and compared them with 1800 patients with non-M7, non-M3 AML treated during the same period. The median age of the M7 AML group was 56 years (range, 21-78 years); 22 patients (59%) had an antecedent hematologic disorder or myelodysplastic syndrome or both, and 7 patients (19%) had previously received chemotherapy for other malignancies. Extensive bone marrow fibrosis was found in 23 patients (62%). Poor cytogenetic characteristics were observed in 49% of patients with M7 AML versus 33% of others (P < .001). Complete remission rates were 43% with M7 AML and 57% with non-M7 AML (P = .089). Median overall survival (OS) was 23 and 38 weeks, respectively (P = .006). Median disease-free survivals were 23 versus 52 weeks, respectively (P < .001). By multivariate analysis, M7 AML was an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS, independent of other factors including cytogenetic abnormalities (hazard ratio 1.51, P = .049). These results confirm the poor prognosis of M7 AML and indicate that other biologic characteristics beyond cytogenetic abnormalities likely play a role in this disease.
An edit script for taxonomic classifications
Authors: Page Roderic DM , Valiente Gabriel 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Background
The NCBI taxonomy provides one of the most powerful ways to navigate sequence data bases but currently users are forced to formulate queries according to a single taxonomic classification. Given that there is not universal agreement on the classification of organisms, providing a single classification places constraints on the questions biologists can ask. However, maintaining multiple classifications is burdensome in the face of a constantly growing NCBI classification.

Results
In this paper, we present a solution to the problem of generating modifications of the NCBI taxonomy, based on the computation of an edit script that summarises the differences between two classification trees. Our algorithms find the shortest possible edit script based on the identification of all shared subtrees, and only take time quasi linear in the size of the trees because classification trees have unique node labels.

Conclusion
These algorithms have been recently implemented, and the software is freely available for download from http://darwin.zoology.gla.ac.uk/~rpage/forest/.
Crosstalk between the actin cytoskeleton and Ran-mediated nuclear transport
Authors: Minakhina Svetlana , Myers Ron , Druzhinina Marina , Steward Ruth 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Background
Transport of macromolecules into and out of the nucleus is a highly regulated process. The RanGTP/RanGDP gradient controls the trafficking of molecules exceeding the diffusion limit of the nuclear pore across the nuclear envelope.

Results
We found genetic interaction between genes establishing the Ran gradient, nuclear transport factor 2 (ntf-2), Ran GTPase activating protein (Sd), and the gene encoding Drosophila Profilin, chickadee (chic). The severe eye phenotype caused by reduction of NTF2 is suppressed by loss of function mutations in chic and gain of function mutations in Sd (RanGAP). We show that in chic mutants, as in Sd-RanGAP, nuclear export is impaired.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that Profilin and the organization of the actin cytoskeleton play an important role in nuclear trafficking.
Hemispheric biases and the control of visuospatial attention: an ERP study
Authors: Spencer Kevin M , Banich Marie T 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
We examined whether individual differences in hemispheric utilization can interact with the intrinsic attentional biases of the cerebral hemispheres. Evidence suggests that the hemispheres have competing biases to direct attention contralaterally, with the left hemisphere (LH) having a stronger bias than the right hemisphere. There is also evidence that individuals have characteristic biases to utilize one hemisphere more than the other for processing information, which can induce a bias to direct attention to contralateral space. We predicted that LH-biased individuals would display a strong rightward attentional bias, which would create difficulty in selectively attending to target stimuli in the left visual field (LVF) as compared to right in the performance of a bilateral flanker task.

Results
Consistent with our hypothesis, flanker interference effects were found on the N2c event-related brain potential and error rate for LH-biased individuals in the Attend-LVF condition. The error rate effect was correlated with the degree of hemispheric utilization bias for the LH-Bias group.

Conclusion
We conclude that hemispheric utilization bias can enhance a hemisphere's contralateral attentional bias, at least for individuals with a LH utilization bias. Hemispheric utilization bias may play an important and largely unrecognized role in visuospatial attention.
Regulation and splicing of scavenger receptor class B type I in human macrophages and atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Svensson Per-Arne , Englund Mikael CO , Snäckestrand Magnus SC , Hägg Daniel A , Ohlsson Bertil G , Stemme Veronika , Mattsson-Hulten Lillemor , Thelle Dag S , Fagerberg Björn , Wiklund Olov , Carlsson Lena MS , Carlsson Björn 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
The protective role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the cardiovascular system is related to its role in the reverse transport of cholesterol from the arterial wall to the liver for subsequent excretion via the bile. Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) binds HDL and mediates selective uptake of cholesterol ester and cellular efflux of cholesterol to HDL. The role of SR-BI in atherosclerosis has been well established in murine models but it remains unclear whether SR-BI plays an equally important role in atherosclerosis in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of SR-BI and its isoforms in human macrophages and atherosclerotic plaques.

Methods
The effect of hypoxia and minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL), two proatherogenic stimuli, on SR-BI expression was studied in human monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy subjects using real-time PCR. In addition, SR-BI expression was determined in macrophages obtained from subjects with atherosclerosis (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 15). Expression of SR-BI isoforms was characterized in human atherosclerotic plaques and macrophages using RT-PCR and DNA sequencing.

Results
SR-BI expression was decreased in macrophages after hypoxia (p < 0.005). In contrast, SR-BI expression was increased by exposure to mmLDL (p < 0.05). There was no difference in SR-BI expression in macrophages from patients with atherosclerosis compared to controls. In both groups, SR-BI expression was increased by exposure to mmLDL (p < 0.05). Transcripts corresponding to SR-BI and SR-BII were detected in macrophages. In addition, a third isoform, referred to as SR-BIII, was discovered. All three isoforms were also expressed in human atherosclerotic plaque. Compared to the other isoforms, the novel SR-BIII isoform was predicted to have a unique intracellular C-terminal domain containing 53 amino acids.

Conclusion
We conclude that SR-BI is regulated by proatherogenic stimuli in humans. However, we found no differences between subjects with atherosclerosis and healthy controls. This indicates that altered SR-BI expression is not a common cause of atherosclerosis. In addition, we identified SR-BIII as a novel isoform expressed in human macrophages and in human atherosclerotic plaques.
Parents' psychological adjustment in families of children with Spina Bifida: a meta-analysis
Authors: Vermaes Ignace PR , Janssens Jan MAM , Bosman Anna MT , Gerris Jan RM 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundSpina Bifida (SB) is the second most common birth defect worldwide. Since the chances of survival in children with severe SB-forms have increased, medical care has shifted its emphasis from life-saving interventions to fostering the quality of life for these children and their families. Little is known, however, about the impact of SB on family adjustment. Reviewers have struggled to synthesize the few contradictory studies available. In this systematic review a new attempt was made to summarize the findings by using meta-analysis and by delimiting the scope of review to one concept of family adjustment: Parents' psychological adjustment. The questions addressed were: (a) do parents of children with SB have more psychological distress than controls? (b) do mothers and fathers differ? and (c) which factors correlate with variations in psychological adjustment?MethodsPsycInfo, Medline, and reference lists were scanned. Thirty-three relevant studies were identified of which 15 were eligible for meta-analysis.ResultsSB had a negative medium-large effect on parents' psychological adjustment. The effect was more heterogeneous for mothers than for fathers. In the reviewed studies child factors (age, conduct problems, emotional problems, and mental retardation), parent factors (SES, hope, appraised stress, coping, and parenting competence), family factors (family income, partner relationship, and family climate), and environmental factors (social support) were found to be associated with variations in parents' psychological adjustment.ConclusionMeta-analysis proved to be helpful in organizing studies. Clinical implications indicate a need to be especially alert to psychological suffering in mothers of children with SB. Future research should increase sample sizes through multi-center collaborations.
Patterns of HIV prevalence among injecting drug users in the cross-border area of Lang Son Province, Vietnam, and Ning Ming County, Guangxi Province, China
Authors: Des Jarlais Don C , Johnston Patrick , Friedmann Patricia , Kling Ryan , Liu Wei , Ngu Doan , Chen Yi , Hoang Tran V , Donghua Meng , Van Ly K , Tung Nguyen D , Binh Kieu T , Hammett Theodore M 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Background
To assess patterns of injecting drug use and HIV prevalence among injecting drug users (IDUs) in an international border area along a major heroin trans-shipment route.

Methods
Cross-sectional surveys of IDUs in 5 sites in Lang Son Province, Vietnam (n = 348) and 3 sites in Ning Ming County, Guangxi Province, China (n = 308). Respondents were recruited through peer referral ("snowball") methods in both countries, and also from officially recorded lists of IDUs in Vietnam. A risk behavior questionnaire was administered and HIV counseling and testing conducted.

Results
Participants in both countries were largely male, in their 20s, and unmarried. A majority of subjects in both countries were members of ethnic minority groups. There were strong geographic gradients for length of drug injecting and for HIV seroprevalence. Both mean years injecting and HIV seroprevalence declined from the Vietnamese site farthest from the border to the Chinese site farthest from the border. 10.6% of participants in China and 24.5% of participants in Vietnam reported crossing the international border in the 6 months prior to interview. Crossing the border by IDUs was associated with (1) distance from the border, (2) being a member of an ethnic minority group, and (3) being HIV seropositive among Chinese participants.

Conclusion
Reducing the international spread of HIV among IDUs will require programs at the global, regional, national, and "local cross border" levels. At the local cross border level, the programs should be coordinated on both sides of the border and on a sufficient scale that IDUs will be able to readily obtain clean injection equipment on the other side of the border as well as in their country of residence.
The rise of injecting drug use in east Africa: a case study from Kenya
Authors: Beckerleg Susan , Telfer Maggie , Hundt Gillian Lewando 
Published: August 2005

AbstractStudies on injecting drug use in East Africa are reviewed. The existingstudies document the spread of heroin injection in Kenya and Tanzania, both countries where HIV rates are high. No data from Uganda on injecting drug use was found by the authors. A case study of the growth of heroin injection in a Kenyan coastal town is presented. The need for needle-exchange programmes and other prevention services is discussed.