bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JAK/STAT defects and immune dysregulation, and guiding therapeutic choices
Authors: Chaimowitz Natalia S. , Smith Madison R. , Forbes Satter Lisa R. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryInborn errors of immunity (IEIs) encompass a diverse spectrum of genetic disorders that disrupt the intricate mechanisms of the immune system, leading to a variety of clinical manifestations. Traditionally associated with an increased susceptibility to recurrent infections, IEIs have unveiled a broader clinical landscape, encompassing immune dysregulation disorders characterized by autoimmunity, severe allergy, lymphoproliferation, and even malignancy. This review delves into the intricate interplay between IEIs and the JAK–STAT signaling pathway, a critical regulator of immune homeostasis. Mutations within this pathway can lead to a wide array of clinical presentations, even within the same gene. This heterogeneity poses a significant challenge, necessitating individually tailored therapeutic approaches to effectively manage the diverse manifestations of these disorders. Additionally, JAK–STAT pathway defects can lead to simultaneous susceptibility to both infection and immune dysregulation. JAK inhibitors, with their ability to suppress JAK–STAT signaling, have emerged as powerful tools in controlling immune dysregulation. However, questions remain regarding the optimal selection and dosing regimens for each specific condition. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) holds promise as a curative therapy for many JAK–STAT pathway disorders, but this procedure carries significant risks. The use of JAK inhibitors as a bridge to HSCT has been proposed as a potential strategy to mitigate these risks.
Effects of governmental support on clinical nurse educators in South Korea: A repeated cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shin Sujin , Hong Eunmin , Lee Inyoung , Kim Jeonghyun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo assess the effectiveness of the Clinical Nurse Educator Support Project and offer valuable insights for supporting nursing education.BackgroundAllocating clinical nursing educators is crucial for supporting novice nurses' transition into the clinical setting and improving their performance.IntroductionIn 2019, the Ministry of Health and Welfare in South Korea implemented the Clinical Nurse Educator Support Project, which involves governmental financial support for the employment of clinical nurse educators.MethodsThis study employed a repeated cross‐sectional design to assess the project outcomes. Following the framework of the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model, secondary data from annual self‐program evaluation reports were analyzed to assess program satisfaction, clinical adaptation, and turnover rates of novice nurses. The “Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist” guided the reporting of the study.ResultsThe project played a pivotal role in enhancing the quality of nursing education. Novice nurses’ program satisfaction and clinical adaptation consistently remained high or exhibited an increase. The project led to a decrease in turnover rate among novice nurses, while the coronavirus 2019 pandemic resulted in increased turnover rates due to limited clinical practice opportunities for nursing students.ConclusionGovernment support for clinical nurse educators has positively impacted the institutionalization of nursing education. The pressing need is to prioritize not only the enhancement of nursing education quality and the improvement of nurses' working conditions but also the development of healthcare policies and programs to effectively respond to unforeseen challenges and crises.Implications for nursing policyGovernment and healthcare institutions must collaborate to strengthen clinical education, crucial for novice nurses' clinical adaptation. Prioritizing the improvement of nursing education quality and nurses' working conditions is essential. Continuous research and evaluation of the Clinical Nurse Educator Support Project is imperative to assess its impact and make necessary adjustments.
The Potential of Visual Arts Education: Strengthening Pre‐Service Primary Teachers’ Cultural Identity
Authors: Garcia‐Lazo Veronica , Donoso Valentina , Springinzeisz Kata , Jeldres Rolando 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article reports on research focused on a visual arts education course offered during a primary teacher training in Chile. It was driven by the increasing cultural diversity in Chilean schools, the potential of art education to respond to this context and the limited space that this field has in the national curriculum, an issue that is replicated in most teachers’ training programmes. Intercultural and students’ cultural funds of knowledge theories informed a framework that was implemented in the investigated course to strengthen pre‐service teachers’ cultural identity and the adoption of culturally inclusive practices. Through focus groups with the students and analysis of their visual journals, the research explored whether the course impacted their perception of visual arts education, and their cultural identities. Through a/r/tography, an arts‐based methodology that articulates art, research and education, the study presents the students’ voices and imagery, testimonies that contributed to reassess the space given to art education in primary schools and teacher training programmes.
Using ChatGPT to promote research competency: English as a Foreign Language undergraduates' perceptions and practices across varied metacognitive awareness levels
Authors: Abdelhalim Safaa M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntroducing new technologies in education sparks debates, disrupting traditional practices, and requiring teacher adaptation. ChatGPT is an example. Research explores its benefits and concerns in education, with recommendations for classroom use. Nevertheless, limited evidence supports ChatGPT as a tool for supporting English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students' research competency. Moreover, while the literature primarily focuses on the perspectives of scholars and teachers, it is essential to incorporate students' viewpoints in order to maximize the potential of this technology.ObjectivesThe present study investigated EFL undergraduates' perceptions and practices of ChatGPT as a tool for promoting their research competency. Additionally, the study examined the potential influence of metacognitive awareness (MA) levels in this context.MethodsThe study utilized a mixed‐method research design, collecting quantitative and qualitative data from 27 EFL undergraduates (12 with low MA and 15 with high MA) over one semester. Data sources included a self‐report questionnaire, self‐study log, and semi‐structured interviews.Results and conclusionsQuantitative analysis showed significant differences between low and high MA groups in their perceptions of ChatGPT (U = 37.500, Z = 2.570). Regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between MA scores and students' perceptions and practices of ChatGPT. Qualitative analysis revealed diverse perceptions and practices of ChatGPT between the high MA and low MA groups, showcasing behaviours ranging from replication to using ChatGPT as a thought‐stimulating and supportive tool, accessing supplementary information, and seeking guidance. Key factors for effective ChatGPT use included prompt formulation, systematic thinking, self‐regulation strategies, and trust in AI.
Reassessing tin circularity and criticality
Authors: Bradley Jessie E. , Auping Willem L. , Kleijn René , Kwakkel Jan H. , Sprecher Benjamin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTin is an important metal for society with a high risk of supply disruptions. It is, therefore, classified as a critical material in many parts of the world. An exception is the European Union, for which tin was classified as a non‐critical material in 2023. However, there are many discrepancies in the literature regarding the definitions and values of the indicators used to determine tin criticality in general, and recycling indicators in particular. Values for end‐of‐life recycling rate (EoL RR) range between 20% and 75%, and values for end‐of‐life recycling input rate (EoL RIR) range between 11% and 32%. In this paper, we critically assess the circularity and criticality indicator values for tin and calculate new values using material flow analysis. The new values for tin recycling indicators are lower than those used in most previous research, with a global EoL RR of 16% and an EoL RIR of 11% in 2017. Based on the updated recycling values, combined with a highly concentrated supply, high import reliance, and difficult substitution, we argue that the European Union should classify tin as a critical material. This reclassification can lead to more policy attention for tin, which can help reduce the impact of future supply disruptions and increase the resilience of the European and global tin supply chains.
Unfolding the human–material interaction of material flows in societies: DNA as a conceptual metaphor
Authors: Alkki Lauri , Uusikartano Jarmo , Pohls Eeva L. , Rusthollkarhu Sami , Aarikka‐Stenroos Leena 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe management of material flows in societies is complex yet crucial for the sustainable coexistence of humans and materials. While industrial ecology (IE) has long examined material flows, studies acknowledging their sociomaterial nature are scarce. Consequently, the existing IE research has not yet answered why materials flow in societies as they do. This study therefore examines human–material interaction (HMI) in material flows. We build on the IE and sociomateriality literature and empirical findings from a qualitative multiple‐case study of two material flows (recycled concrete aggregate; biogas and recycled nutrients) where humans interact with materials to advance material flows in society more sustainably. We identify and conceptualize 11 HMI elements (adaptability, general acceptance, public interest, regulation, compatibility, consistency, degradability, availability and continuity, intensity, proximity, and re‐utilizability) that further divide into three categories (human‐driven, material‐driven, and equally driven HMI elements) to explain in detail the manifestations of HMI in societal material flows. Together, these HMI elements explain material flows as the physical movement of materials motivated by goal‐oriented humans who engage with materials, a process that leads to humans and materials becoming constitutively intertwined in spatiotemporal practice. To visualize our findings on this complex yet pivotal HMI phenomenon, we employ DNA as a conceptual metaphor. The study contributes to IE by uncovering the dynamic HMI in material flows and guiding practitioners on how to manage material flows in societies, acknowledging both human and material perspectives.
An in vitro study using confocal laser scanning microscopy to evaluate the marginal misfits of different implant‐supported frameworks
Authors: Tonin Bruna S. H. , Fu Jing , Peixoto Raniel F. , Fischer Nicholas G. , Fernandes Regina M. , Curylofo Patrícia A. , de Mattos Maria da Gloria C. , Macedo Ana Paula , de Almeida Rossana P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to develop and evaluate a simple, non‐destructive method for assessing the misfit and passivity of implant‐retained prostheses frameworks.Materials and MethodsTo simulate the rehabilitation of a mandible posterior partially edentulous area using 3‐unit screw‐retained frameworks supported by two implants were fabricated and divided into the following five groups (n = 10 in each group): OP = one‐piece framework cast in Co‐Cr with the conventional method (control‐group); Co‐Cr frameworks sectioned and welded by laser (=LAS) or tungsten inert gas (=TIG); Co‐Cr CAD‐CAM = milled Co‐Cr framework; Zir CAD‐CAM = milled zirconia framework. The horizontal |X| and vertical |Y| misfits were measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy with one or both screws tightened. Data were analyzed by a two‐way ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05).ResultsThe greatest |X| misfit was observed in the OP group with both screws tightened (290 µm) and one screw tightened (388 and 340 µm). The conventional casting groups sectioned and welded by laser or TIG had lower mean values (235.35 µm, both screws tightened; and 275 µm, one screw tightened) than the OP framework. However, these values still exceeded those of the milled Co‐Cr and zirconia frameworks (190 and 216 µm with both screws tightened). Across all reading conditions, every framework subjected to testing consistently maintained vertical |Y| misfit levels below the threshold of 53 µm; however, the milled frameworks exhibited higher vertical misfits than the frameworks obtained by the conventional cast method.ConclusionsThe frameworks, whether cast and sectioned with laser welding or milled from Co‐Cr, exhibit improved marginal misfit and enhanced passive fit when compared to other fabrication methods. Additionally, the use of confocal laser scanning microscopy is highly effective for passivity and misfit analysis.
Evaluation of a urine dipstick protein to urine specific gravity ratio for the detection of proteinuria in dogs and cats
Authors: Barchilon Michael , Perez‐Nieves Nichole , Palerme Jean‐Sébastien 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe utility of urine dipsticks for the quantification of proteinuria is limited because of the influence of urine specific gravity (USG). To circumvent the need for urine protein creatinine ratios (UPCR) some have proposed a calculated dipstick urine protein to USG ratio (DUR) for the detection of proteinuria. However, the performance of DUR has not been evaluated in veterinary patients.ObjectivesEvaluate the correlation between DUR and UPCR, while also assessing the effect of urine characteristics on this relationship and evaluating the performance of DUR in detecting proteinuria.AnimalsUrine samples from 308 dogs and 70 cats.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of urinalyses and UPCRs from dogs and cats collected between 2016 and 2021.ResultsBoth canine and feline urine samples showed a positive moderate correlation between the UPCR and DUR. The correlation was not influenced by the presence of active urine sediment, glucosuria, or urine pH. In detecting canine urine samples with a UPCR >0.5, an optimal DUR of 1.4 had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 89%, 83%, 96%, and 63%, respectively. In detecting feline urine samples with a UPCR >0.4, an optimal DUR of 2.1 had sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 70%, 100%, 100%, and 75%, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceUse of the DUR can be a relatively reliable method for identification of proteinuria. However, given its poor NPV, the DUR cannot be recommended for exclusion of proteinuric patients.
The herbal preparation, STW5‐II, reduces proximal gastric tone and stimulates antral pressures in healthy humans
Authors: Fitzgerald Penelope C. E. , Bitarafan Vida , Omari Taher , Cock Charles , Jones Karen L. , Horowitz Michael , Feinle‐Bisset Christine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe herbal preparation, STW5‐II, improves upper gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal fullness, early satiation, and epigastric pain, in patients with functional dyspepsia, and in preclinical models decreases fundic tone and increases antral contractility. The effects of STW5‐II on esophago‐gastric junction pressure, proximal gastric tone and antropyloroduodenal pressures, disturbances of which may contribute to symptoms associated with disorders of gut–brain interaction, including functional dyspepsia, in humans, have, hitherto, not been evaluated.MethodsSTW5‐II or placebo (matched for color, aroma, and alcohol content) were each administered orally, at the recommended dose (20 drops), to healthy male and female volunteers (age: 27 ± 1 years) in a double‐blind, randomized fashion, on two separate occasions, separated by 3–7 days, to evaluate effects on (i) esophago‐gastric junction pressures following a standardized meal using solid‐state high‐resolution manometry (part 1, n = 16), (ii) proximal gastric volume using a barostat (part 2, n = 16), and (iii) antropyloroduodenal pressures assessed by high‐resolution manometry (part 3, n = 18), for 120 min (part 1) or 180 min (parts 2, 3).Key ResultsSTW5‐II increased maximum intrabag volume (ml; STW5‐II: 340 ± 38, placebo: 251 ± 30; p = 0.007) and intrabag volume between t = 120 and 180 min (p = 0.011), and the motility index of antral pressure waves between t = 60 and 120 min (p = 0.032), but had no effect on esophago‐gastric junction, pyloric, or duodenal pressures.Conclusions & InferencesSTW5‐II has marked region‐specific effects on gastric motility in humans, which may contribute to its therapeutic efficacy in functional dyspepsia.
Uncoupling of stomatal conductance and photosynthesis at high temperatures: mechanistic insights from online stable isotope techniques
Authors: Diao Haoyu , Cernusak Lucas A. , Saurer Matthias , Gessler Arthur , Siegwolf Rolf T. W. , Lehmann Marco M. 
Published: February 2024

Summary

The strong covariation of temperature and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in nature limits our understanding of the direct effects of temperature on leaf gas exchange. Stable isotopes in CO2 and H2O vapour provide mechanistic insight into physiological and biochemical processes during leaf gas exchange.

We conducted combined leaf gas exchange and online isotope discrimination measurements on four common European tree species across a leaf temperature range of 5–40°C, while maintaining a constant leaf‐to‐air VPD (0.8 kPa) without soil water limitation.

Above the optimum temperature for photosynthesis (30°C) under the controlled environmental conditions, stomatal conductance (gs) and net photosynthesis rate (An) decoupled across all tested species, with gs increasing but An decreasing. During this decoupling, mesophyll conductance (cell wall, plasma membrane and chloroplast membrane conductance) consistently and significantly decreased among species; however, this reduction did not lead to reductions in CO2 concentration at the chloroplast surface and stroma.

We question the conventional understanding that diffusional limitations of CO2 contribute to the reduction in photosynthesis at high temperatures. We suggest that stomata and mesophyll membranes could work strategically to facilitate transpiration cooling and CO2 supply, thus alleviating heat stress on leaf photosynthetic function, albeit at the cost of reduced water‐use efficiency.
The effect of multifocal contact lenses on the dynamic accommodation step response
Authors: Mahmood Mubeen , Day Mhairi , Seidel Dirk , Cameron Lorraine A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeTo measure the dynamic accommodation response (AR) to step stimuli with and without multifocal contact lenses (MFCLs), in emmetropes and myopes.MethodsTwenty‐two adult subjects viewed alternating distance (0.25D) and near (3D) Maltese crosses placed in free space, through two contact lens types: single vision (SVCL) or centre‐distance multifocal (MFCL; +2.50D add). The AR level was measured along with near to far (N–F) and far to near (F–N) step response characteristics: percentage of correct responses, magnitude, latency, peak velocity and duration of step response.ResultsThere was no difference between N–F and F–N responses, or between refractive groups in any aspect of the accommodation step response dynamics. The percentage of correct responses was unaffected by contact lens type. Through MFCLs, subjects demonstrated smaller magnitude, longer latency, shorter duration and slower peak velocity steps than through SVCLs. When viewing the near target, the AR through MFCLs was significantly lower than through SVCLs. When viewing the distance target with the MFCL, the focal points from rays travelling through the distance and near zones were approximately 0.004D behind and 2.50D in front of the retina, respectively. When viewing the near target, the respective values were approximately 1.89D behind and 0.61D in front of the retina.ConclusionThe defocus error required for accommodation control appears not to be solely derived from the distance zone of the MFCL. This results in reduced performance in response to abruptly changing vergence stimuli; however, these errors were small and unlikely to impact everyday visual tasks. There was a decrease in ocular accommodation during near tasks, which has previously been correlated with a reduced myopic treatment response through these lenses. With MFCLs, the estimated dioptric myopic defocus was the largest when viewing a distant stimulus, supporting the hypothesis that the outdoors provides a beneficial visual environment to reduce myopia progression.
Abdominal fat and risk of impaired lung function and asthma in children: A population‐based prospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Tong , Karramass Tarik , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Klein Stefan , Oei Edwin H. G. , Duijts Liesbeth 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundObesity, specifically abdominal adiposity, is associated with increased risks of lung function impairment and asthma in children, but potential adverse effects among adolescents are unknown. We hypothesized that elevated amounts of specific abdominal fat depots during childhood and adolescence may lead to adverse respiratory outcomes in adolescents.MethodsIn a population‐based prospective cohort study among 2877 children at 13 years, we measured specific abdominal fat depots including subcutaneous fat mass and visceral fat mass by magnetic resonance imaging. Lung function was measured by spirometry, and current asthma by a questionnaire. Conditional regression analyses were used to examine the associations of abdominal fat depots with respiratory outcomes in adolescence.ResultsAfter adjustment for confounders and child's body mass index, higher subcutaneous and visceral fat mass index at age 13 years, independent of these measures at earlier age, were associated with lower FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF75 (range Z‐score difference (95% CI): −0.10 (−0.15, −0.06) to −0.06 (−0.11, −0.01)). Also, an increase in subcutaneous and visceral fat between ages 10 and 13 years was associated with a decrease in FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF75 during the same period. No associations of abdominal fat depots with asthma were observed.ConclusionAdolescents with higher amounts of subcutaneous and visceral fat, independent of that at an earlier age and body mass index, have an increased risk of lung function impairment.