bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Peran dan Penanggulangan Kejahatan Siber: Studi Kasus Spearphishing
Authors: Purwani Marhaeni Sekar Fajar 
Published: October 2023

The understanding of the mechanism, modus operandi, and actors involved in a cybercrime is a crucial early step to design cybercrime countermeasure strategies. This paper discusses a hypothetical case of spearphishing that involves the perpetrators, victims, as well as the unwitting participants of the committed cybercrime. Four approaches in cybercrime countermeasures are afterwards elaborated for the aforementioned hypothetical case. It is concluded that countermeasures based on education are the type of countermeasure most feasible and most crucial to be implemented; however, all types of countermeasures have their limitations and therefore have to continuously evolve and develop along with the increasingly sophisticated cybercrime.

Abstrak. Pemahaman mengenai mekanisme, modus operandi, serta pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam kejahatan siber merupakan langkah awal yang penting untuk merancang strategi penanggulangan tindak kejahatan siber. Karya tulis ini membahas sebuah kasus hipotetis serangan spearphishing yang melibatkan pelaku, korban, beserta pihak-pihak lain yang tanpa disadari juga terlibat dalam kejahatan siber yang dilakukan. Empat jenis pendekatan dalam penanggulangan kejahatan siber dibahas untuk kasus hipotetis tersebut. Disimpulkan bahwa penanggulangan dengan pendekatan edukasi merupakan jenis penanggulangan yang paling memungkinkan dan paling penting untuk dilaksanakan; namun, setiap jenis penanggulangan memiliki keterbatasan dan harus terus dikembangkan seiring dengan juga kejahatan siber yang semakin canggih.

Kata kunci: analisis, kejahatan siber, peran, spearphishing, studi kasus
PERBANDINGAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA PESERTA DIDIK MENGGUNAKAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LANGSUNG
Authors: Santi Nirmala , Srirahayu Weni 
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan rata-rata hasil belajar matematika peserta didik menggunakan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) dengan pembelajaran langsung. Metode penelitian ini yakni eksperimen dengan jenis eksperimen semu. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua kelas yakni kelas eksperimen dengan pembelajaran menggunakan LKPD, dan kelas kontrol dengan pembelajaran langsung. Setelah perlakuan diberikan, dilanjutkan dengan pemberian tes hasil belajar kognitif kepada kedua kelas penelitian. Dari data tes hasil belajar kognitif siswa diperoleh bahwa kedua kelas penelitian tidak berdistribusi normal dan memiliki variansi berbeda. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis statistik yakni uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil analisis statistik ini diperoleh bahwa Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,002 kurang dari probabilitas 0,05 (0,002 < 0,005). Jadi, pengambilan keputusan uji Mann-whitney maka disimpulkan bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar matematika peserta didik yang pembelajaran menggunakan LKPD lebih baik dari rata-rata hasil belajar matematika peserta didik menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIDIARE EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH JENGKOL (Pithecellobium Jiringa (Jack) Merr) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI OLEUM RICINI
Authors: Natasia Rahajeng Vika , Noprizon Noprizon , Rendowaty Agnes , Wibowo Viko Duvadilan , Harmiming Harmiming 
Published: October 2023

Diare adalah suatu kondisi dimana frekuensi buang air besar cair terjadi lebih dari 3 kali dalam 24 jam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menguji efek antidiare dari ekstrak etanol kulit buah jengkol (Pithecellobium jiringa (Jack) Merr) terhadap mencit putih jantan galur swiss webster. Dilakukan dengan cara memberikan oleum ricini sebagai penginduksi diare. Aktivitas antidiare ekstrak etanol kulit buah jengkol (EEKBJ) dibandingkan dengan Loperamid-HCl 0,0052 mg/20 grBB. EEKBJ1, EEKBJ2, EEKBJ3 berturut-turut dengan dosis 125, 250 dan 500 mg/kgBB secara signifikan (p<0,05) menurunkan berat feses serta mampu menunda terjadinya diare pada mencit jantan galur swiss webster yang diinduksi oleh oleum ricini sebanyak 0,5 ml dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif (Tween 80 2%). EEKBJ1 dan EEKBJ2 menunjukkan efek antidiare, sedangkan EEKBJ3 dibandingkan kontrol positif (Loperamid-HCL 0,0052 mg/20 grBB) tidak berbeda bermakna dalam menunda terjadinya diare (p>0,05). Pada pengujian lintas norit, EEKBJ1 dan EEKBJ2 dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif berbeda bermakna ((p<0,05), sedangkan EEKBJ3 dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05). Uji statistik menggunakan uji analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey.
Ekstrak Etanol Daun Alpukat (Persea Americana Mill.) : Formulasi Krim dan Potensinya sebagai Antijerawat
Authors: Patmayuni Dewi , Cempaka Ria , Rendowaty Agnes 
Published: October 2023

Jerawat merupakan penyakit kulit yang salah satunya disebabkan oleh bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri adalah daun alpukat (Persea americana Mill.). Daun alpukat akan diformulasikan ke dalam bentuk krim dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi asam stearat dan trietanolamin (TEA). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui konsentrasi asam stearat dan TEA yang menghasilkan sediaan krim yang paling stabil serta melihat aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Sediaan krim dibuat dalam tiga formula dengan perbandingan asam stearat dan TEA yang berbeda-beda yaitu formula I (8%:2%), formula II ( 12%:3%) dan formula III (16%:4%). Evaluasi sediaan meliputi uji organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, daya sebar, daya lekat, uji stabilitas real time dan uji stabilitas dipercepat dengan metode freeze thaw. Hasil evaluasi menunjukan formula II sebagai sediaan yang paling stabil karena tidak terjadi perubahan bermakna terhadap pH dan viskositas selama pengujian, dengan nilai p value masing-masing sebesar 0,057 dan 0,081. Hasil uji antibakteri formula II terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus menunjukan zona hambat sebesar 17,3 mm dengan kategori sedang.
FORMULASI SEDIAAN KRIM ASAM KOJAT DENGAN VARIASI ISOPROPIL MIRISTAT SEBAGAI ENHANCER DAN EVALUASI STABILITAS FISIKA WAKTU DIPERCEPAT DAN KIMIA
Authors: Nurleni Novi , Erviana Nur , Firdiawan Arie , Sari Ema Ratna 
Published: October 2023

Asam kojat merupakan salah satu senyawa yang dapat menghambat aktivitas enzim tirosinase asam kojat juga sifatnya hidrofilik menjadikannya sulit untuk berpenetrasi ke dalam kulit sehingga membutuhkan suatu zat enhencer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah asam kojat bisa diformulasikan menjadi sediaan krim dan pengaruh penggunaan isopropil miristat sebagai enhancer. Krim dibuat dalam 3 formula yang memiliki variasi konsentrasi isopropil miristat 8%, 9%, dan 10%. Pengujian stabilitas dipercepat menggunakan metode cycling test dan stabilitas kimia dengan pengukuran kadar untuk melihat manakah formulasi yang stabil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan krim formula dengan kandungan isopropil miristat 9% merupakan formula terbaik dan stabil dibandingkan dengan formulasi lainnya.
GAMBARAN PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIHIPERTENSI TERHADAP KADAR KREATININ PADA PASIEN STROKE DI INSTAALSI RAWAT JALAN RSUD DUNGUS MADIUN
Authors: Makfiroh Titania 
Published: October 2023

Latar belakang: Stroke merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang menjadi masalah kesehatan dan perhatian global, stroke masuk dalam tiga besar penyakit penyebab kematian dan kecatatan tertinggi di dunia. Hipertensi menjadi penyebab paling tinggi yang dapat menyebabkan stroke, sehingga penggunaan atihipertensi direkomendasikan untuk mengontrol tekanan darah pada pasien stroke. Selain itu tingginya tekanan darah dapat mempengaruhi peningkatan kadar kreatinin dalam darah yang menggakibatkan penurunan fungsi ginjal sehingga memperburuk kondisi pasien stroke. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui bagaimana gambaran penggunaan antihipertensi terhadap kadar kreatinin pada pasien stroke. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode kohort dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil: Penderita stroke pada penelitian ini didominasi oleh pasien berjenis kelamin laki-laki pada usia 56-65 tahun, penggunaan antihipertensi tunggal sebesar 37,5% dan golongan kombinasi sebesar 62,5%. Sedangkan hasil uji kadar kreatinin diperoleh 12,5% memiliki kadar kreatinin tetap, 50% mengalami penurunan kadar kreatinin dan 37,5% mengalami peningkatan kadar kreatinin selama proses pemantauan. Kesimpulan: Pasien stroke yang mengunakan obat antihipertensi mengalami perubahan kadar kreatinin, hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor antara lain keefektifan antihipertensi, interaksi dengan obat lain, usia, jenis kelamin dan riwayat pekerjaan pada pasien stroke.
Kata Kunci: Stroke, Hipertensi, Anthipertensi, Kadar kreatinin
A importância do endomarketing: estudo de caso na SLV Engenharia
Authors: Ferreira Caio Cunha Gortz , Leonel Fernanda Beatriz da Silva , Da Silva Raimunda Rocha , Piedade Adriano do Nascimento , Roberto José Carlos Alves , Pinto Junior José Roberto Lira 
Published: October 2023

A empresa, SLV Engenharia Ltda, situada na Rua José Pinto Correa, N* 01, bairro Parque 10, na cidade de Manaus – AM. Esta que se enquadra entre as empresas prestadoras de serviços de manutenções corretivas, assessoria e estudos, confecções de painéis elétricos. Classifica-se como uma empresa de pequeno porte. A partir dos resultados fornecidos pelo diagnóstico organizacional, realizado na empresa, foi identificado como área mais critica o departamento gestão de pessoas (GP), por conta da carência do endomarketing. Para orientar as ações de melhoria propostas para o marketing interno, o estudo pretende responder a seguinte questão norteadora deste artigo, compreende-se por pergunta-problema um questionamento meritório para nortear o pesquisador como: De que forma estratégias para retenção de talentos, tais como o endomarketing, pode gerar efeito positivo no baixo índice de turnover e absenteísmo na empresa? Tendo como objetivo geral, adotar estratégia de endomarketing a fim, de reduzir o índice de turnover e absenteísmo na organização, de forma a promover um ambiente de trabalho saudável. Quanto a natureza da pesquisa é de cunho exploratória, que consiste em métodos para sumarizar e organizar as informações por meio de uma determinada amostragem dedos coletados. Para chegar a esta conclusão, foi necessária uma pesquisa de campo na empresa SLV Engenharia Elétrica, usando as seguintes ferramentas: formulários, visitas técnicas e entrevistas com os colaboradores e gestores. Espera- se promover na empresa um ambiente organizacional saudável através das ferramentas de endomarketing. As conclusões apresentadas podem orientar os gestores a aplicar efetivamente essas estratégias na organização.
Planejamento estratégico do centro de ensino alberto conceição: desenvolvimento da gestão estratégica educacional
Authors: Dos Santos Josiane Souza , De Carvalho Mario Lucas Souza , Da Costa Vinicius Emanuel Batista , Roberto José Carlos Alves , Pinto Junior José Roberto Lira 
Published: October 2023

O Centro de Ensino Alberto Conceição na área de educação do ensino infantil e fundamental, aborda o tema direcionado para a proposição implantação do planejamento estratégico da empresa. Conforme realização prévia do diagnóstico, foi averiguado na área de gestão a ausência de algumas ferramentas de gestão que possibilitem o desenvolvimento do planejamento estratégico e comprometem a eficácia de ações especificas para a tomada de decisão, assim como a não determinação da visão, missão e valores organizacionais. Esses fatores preponderantes é que emergiram à realização deste significante estudo, alicerçados pelo objetivo geral: desenvolver, por meio das ferramentas de gestão, o planejamento estratégico do Centro de Ensino Alberto Conceição. Metodologicamente, este estudo, do ponto de vista de sua natureza identifica-se como de natureza aplicada, diante da abordagem quali-quantitativa, cuja pesquisa norteou para resultados reais da percepção dos gestores. A pesquisa deste estudo, sob o ponto de vista dos fins ou objetivos caracteriza-se como exploratórios pois baseado em estudo de caso e a busca sobre a abrangência de conhecimento. Os meios ou procedimentos de pesquisa detiveram papel importante pois a interpretação e avaliação abrangente da pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo. Por fim, as conclusões dispostas implicarão a propostas de soluções, principalmente, do desenvolvimento do processo de planejamento estratégico educacional, pois, será fundamental à gestão escolar para gerar a excelência humana, norteada pela ética e compromisso de maneira socialmente responsável, como princípio educacional, disposto em sua identidade organizacional.
Isolation of Biomolecules from the Leaves of Lecaniodiscus cupanoides (Sapindaceae), a Plant used in Traditional Medicine in Benin
Authors: Tokoudagba Kossi Jean Marie D. , Houngbèmè Alban G. , Ganfon Habib , Yemoa Achille L. , Ahouansou Ayidé C. , Kasséhin Urbain C. , Gbaguidi Fernand A. 
Published: October 2023

The aim of the present study was to identify the structure of the bioactive molecules in the active ethyl acetate fraction of the hydroethanolic extract of Lecaniodiscus cupanoides (Sapindaceae), a Beninese plant used in the treatment of microbial infections. We prepared the hydroethanolic extract from powdered dried leaves. We fractionated the hydroethanol extract using the liquid-liquid extraction method with solvents of increasing polarity. The active ethyl acetate fraction obtained after bioguided fractionation of the hydroethanol extract on bacterial strains was purified by a series of atmospheric pressure column chromatographic methods coupled with thin layer chromatography. At the end of this purification process, three compounds, including a flavonoid and two fatty acids, were isolated and identified by interpretation of 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry spectra. These were: 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one;(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acryloyloxy) propanoic acid and (E)octadec -9- enoic acid (oleic acid).
The added value of this work lies in the fact that these three molecules have never before been identified in this plant, and therefore represent a potential avenue for the development of a therapeutic arsenal to combat microbial infections.
A Study on Syrup of Juniperus excelsa Cones Grown in Türkiye
Authors: Kaytanlioglu Ebru Hatice Tigli , Fakir Huseyin , Ozkan Ugur , Sahin Candan Kus 
Published: October 2023

For beverage products, some analytical tests are conducted prior to packaging and distribution. However, physicochemical properties may affect product quality adversely in a number of ways. Liquids with high dissolved solids may impact inferior palatability and may induce an unfavorable physiological reaction in the transient consumer. In this study, it was to evaluate some certain physicochemical properties of syrup which was made from Juniperus excelsa’s berries collected from four different geographical locations managed by the Regional Directorate of Forestry authorities in Turkiye. Considerable physicochemical variations were found among Juniperus excelsa’s berry-based syrup products. The lowest value of pH: 5.46 was found with syrup prepared from Yalvaç-Isparta, (sample C), followed by pH: 5.75 from Hisarcık-Kütahya, (sample D), pH: 5.80 Ağlasun-Burdur (sample B), and pH: 6.32 Gazipaşa-Antalya (sample A), respectively. However, syrup prepared from sample C showed the highest values of electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), sugar content (Brix), and also distinguished from the others by highest oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). It was found to be 3136.1 uS/cm for EC, 1568 ppm for TDS, 1.90 °Bx for Brix and 188.6 mV for ORP. However, the highest turbidity value of 67.6 NTU was found with sample D while the lowest with sample A (39 NTU). These values may be good criteria for the botanical origin of syrup and therefore, it may be used in syrups prepared from Juniperus excelsa’s berries.
Proximate Composition and Caloric Content of Halwa Produced in the Urban West Region, Zanzibar
Authors: Ali Ali Hamad , Wenaty Alex , Kilima Beatrice M. 
Published: October 2023

Information on food composition is important not only for the power of the market, but also for the health and safety of consumers. Halwa consumption in Zanzibar, especially in the urban west region, has increased with limited nutrition information and a lack of regulatory supervision. This study aimed to determine the proximate composition, total sugar content (sucrose) and caloric content of groundnut-enriched halwa produced in the urban west region of Zanzibar. A total of 13 samples were collected for laboratory analysis. Moisture content, ash content, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, acid insoluble ash, acidity of extracted fat and total sugar were determined by AOAC methods 925.49, 900.2, 920.176, 920.177, 960.39, IS 6287 and ZNS 574:2023, respectively. The halwa samples had a total sugar content ranging from 26.06% to 51.54%, moisture content from 13.61% to 26.15%, ash content from 0.03% to 0.48%, acid insoluble ash from 0.01% to 0.252%, crude protein from 0.06% to 3.61%, crude fat from 1.79% to 4.77%, acidity of extracted fat as oleic acid from 2.43% to 4.72% and crude fibre ranged 8.12% to 15.21%. The carbohydrate and energy contents of the halwa were in the range of 61.44% to 70.94% and 267.14 kcal to 324.16 kcal, respectively. All the 13 samples did not conform to the requirements of Zanzibar Standard for halwa (ZNS 574:2023) concerning moisture and fat content, while seven (samples complied with ZNS 574:2023 concerning the acidity of extracted fat as oleic acid. Only one sample did not conform to ZNS: 574: 2023 in terms of the acid-insoluble ash parameters. All samples were in accordance with the requirements of ZNS 574:2023 concerning sugar content.
Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Primary School Pupils in Jos, Northcentral Nigeria
Authors: Dahal Abednego Samuel , Jabba Ruth Joshua , Ezekiel Tamar , Salu Godiya , Nanbol Moses Chirdan , Longwap Abdulazis Saleh , Jatau Ezra Danjuma 
Published: October 2023

Background: Urinary schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma haematobium. It is a neglected tropical disease with Africa responsible for an estimated 90% of all cases requiring treatment. Nigeria is known to be endemic for urinary schistosomiasis with more than 100 million people at risk and about a 25million already infected.
Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of urinary schistosomiasis among primary school pupils in Jos, Northcentral Nigeria.
Study Design: A cross-sectional school-based study of 264 primary school pupils in Jos, Northcentral Nigeria.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in Jos, Northcentral Nigeria between September 2021 and February 2022.
Methodology: About 50ml of terminal urine samples were collected from each pupil in a sterile, wide-mouth universal container after obtaining consent from their parents and filling out a structured questionnaire. Urinalysis was done on-site using Swe-Care Uric 9V Urinalysis Reagent Strip. The ova of Schistosoma haematobium were identified using microscopy. DNA extraction was done on the positive sample and stored for subsequent sequencing. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.
Results: The eggs of Schistosoma haematobium were observed in 43(16.3%) of 264 urine samples examined. School B had the highest prevalence of 30.8% followed by School A, while School C with the highest number of recruited pupils was responsible for the lowest prevalence rate at 5(7.1%). Males were more infected than females with the age group 11-13 years old accounting for the highest prevalence rate of 15(25.9%). Haematuria and dysuria were found to have a positive correlation with urinary schistosomiasis among the participants.
Conclusion: The findings of this research revealed that urinary schistosomiasis is still a major concern among primary school pupils in Jos, Northcentral Nigeria. Preventive chemotherapy using praziquantel should be combined with health education and communication strategies to treat and change risky behaviours among infected pupils such as swimming in snail-infested freshwater.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Sharma Bhanu Pratap , Choudhary Kartikeya , Kumar Rajendra , Bochalya Ranjeet Singh 
Published: October 2023

The present investigation titled “Effect of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources on Growth and Yield of Maize” was conducted during kharif season of 2022 at Chamelti Agriculture Farm, MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of 10 treatments and 3 replications which are (T1) Control, (T2) 100% RDF, (T3) 120% RDF, (T4) 50% RDF + FYM (10 t), (T5) 75% RDF + FYM (5 t), (T6) 100% RDF + FYM (5 t) + Mulch, (T7) 50% RDF + Vermicompost (2.5 t ha-1), (T8) 75% RDF + Vermicompost (2.5 t ha-1), (T9) 100% RDF + Vermicompost (2.5 t ha-1) + Mulch) and (T10) 75% RDF + FYM (5 t) + Vermicompost (2.5 t ha-1) + Mulch. Mustard stover @ 2 t ha-1 was used as mulching. RDF used is (100:40:40 kg ha-1) was applied through urea (46% N), SSP (16% P2O5) and MOP (60% K2O). One third N and full dose of P and K was applied at the time of sowing as basal application. Remaining nitrogen was applied in 2 equal splits at 30 and 50 DAS as top dressing. PSC-3322 variety of maize was used for sowing. Other crop management practices were followed as per the recommendation of the area. This study concluded that application of 120% RDF recorded significantly higher plant height, yield and was economically better than other treatments.
Determination of Zinc Concentration and Nutritional Value of Cow Hide (Ponmo) Sold in Different Parts of the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunlade-Anibasa, G. O.  , Ogwuiche, P. O.  
Published: October 2023

Investigation of heavy metals (Zinc) concentration and nutritional value of cow hides (ponmo) consumed in AMAC (Abuja Municipal and Kuje Area Councils was carried out between November 2021 and January 2022. Samples were randomly collected from both Area Councils and prepared for Analysis using Nitric acid digestion and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The mean concentration of Zinc (Zn) in AMAC were 0.88 ± 0.35mg/kg and 2.04 ± 0.57mg/kg in Kuje Area Council respectively. Results showed that the concentration of Zinc (Zn) in cow hide (Ponmo) from AMAC was two times as high as cow hide (Ponmo) from Kuje Area Council. The mean concentration of Zinc (Zn) in cow hide in both Area Councils were two times as high as the Food and Agricultural Organization Standard unit for Zinc(Zn), which is 0.03mg/kg -1.0mg/kg. However, potential accumulation may depend on the frequency of consumption or exposure. In contrast to many studies the samples had alot of nutritional value. Proximate analysis showed that the ponmo samples for Kuje had 54% proteinand 34.68% carbohydrate, moisture 5.3%, crude lipid 2.3%, ash 2.7%, fibre 0.82% while ponmo samples for AMAC had 51.4% protein, 36% carbohydrate, 5% moisture, crude lipid 4.3%, ash 2.1% and fibre 1.1% which suggests that Ponmo has some level of nutrient especially rich in protein and carbohydrate and low in fibre content. Cowhides from AMAC and Kuje Area Councils contain significant amount of zinc, which exceeded the standard limit and could pose a potential health risk to consumers depending on the frequency of consumption. Hence the need for monitoring of this metal concentration to avoid excessive bioaccumulation that could be harmful to health. This study also showed that cowhides is rich in some nutrients especially protein and carbohydrates and can be a substitute for meat protein.