bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of intracameral lidocaine on ocular tissues
Authors: Atilla Huban , Tekeli Oya , Can Belgin , Karel Fatih , Saran Yüksel 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the ultrastructural changes in iris and corneal tissue induced by intracameral 1% lidocaine infusion applied during lens extraction in a rabbit model. Methods: The study was conducted using New Zealand rabbits. Eight rabbits received 0.2 mL 1% lidocaine hydrochloride intracamerally and lens extraction was performed, keeping the posterior capsule intact. After lens extraction, cornea and iris tissue samples were obtained for electron microscopy. Eight eyes were included as a control group. Results: Electron microscopy revealed morphological abnor­malities in both cornea and iris of the lidocaine injected eyes, different from the control group. Cytoplasmic vacuolization, phagosomes and residual bodies were observed in epithelial cells. Corneal fibroblasts contained fluid‐filled vacuoles, which could be due to the influx of water into the cells as a result of corneal endothelial damage. Mitochondrial swelling and residual bodies were also seen in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts. Blood vessels in the iris contained fluid material composed of fibrin and proteinaceous material and many vacuoles showed vascular endothelial injury. Conclusion: Even a short period of exposure of intra­cameral lidocaine to the ocular tissues can induce histo‐logical changes that may result in functional defects.
CHANGES IN AUTONOMIC NERVOUS ACTIVITY DURING COLONOSCOPY USING SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY
Authors: Tezuka Kazuhiro , Nomura Masahiro , Saito Ken , Takeuchi Yoshikazu , Torisu Ryusuke , Yano Mitsuyasu , Nakaya Yutaka , Ito Susumu 
Published: March 2003

Background: Cardiac events are known to occur during colonoscopic procedures. In order to clarify the changes in autonomic nervous activity during colonoscopy, the circulatory dynamics were examined by spectrum analysis and by observing 1/f fluctuations of heart rate.Methods: The study group consisted of 39 subjects who underwent total colonoscopy (the TC group) and 46 subjects who underwent sigmoid colonoscopy (the SC group). Autonomic nervous function was assessed by analyzing the spectral analysis and 1/f fluctuation of the heart rate.Results: In the TC group, high‐frequency spectral power (HF power; 0.15–0.40 Hz), which reflects parasympathetic activity, was decreased during the early stages of the examination compared with that before endoscopy, and it significantly decreased during the late stages of the examination. There were no significant changes in the SC group. However, low‐frequency power (LF power; 0.04–0.15 Hz) and the LF/HF ratio both increased during the examination in both groups, suggesting increased sympathetic tone. The 1/f fluctuations were analyzed as the averaged regression lines and as that which related the log amplitude to the log frequency of spectra. The slopes of the regression line of 1/f fluctuations in the TC and SC groups had a tendency to approach zero during the colonoscopic procedure.Conclusion: These results indicate that the endoscopic procedure is stressful for patients. Total colonoscopy may more readily cause changes in the circulatory dynamics than does sigmoid colonoscopy. Increased blood pressure, arrhythmia and ST depression were also observed. These findings suggest that changes in autonomic nervous activity during colonoscopic procedure may cause cardiac accidents such as the appearance of fatal arrhythmia and acute myocardial infarction.
Diagnosis of multiple submucosal cysts of the stomach by endoscopic ultrasonography
Authors: Ohtsuka Hiroyuki , Ikeda Masahiro , Morozumi Atsuro , Kitahara Fumiaki , Kubo Katuhiro , Sato Tadashi , Nakamura Toshiya , Kojima Yuichiro , Abdullah Murdani , Fujino Masayuki A 
Published: March 2003

Background:The association of multiple submucosal cysts (MSC) of the stomach with gastric carcinoma has attracted clinical and pathological attention. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic ability of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for MSC and to investigate the relationship between MSC and gastric carcinoma.Methods:Six hundred and one patients with variable gastric diseases were examined by EUS. We used two ultrasound endoscopes (GF‐UM2 or GF‐UM3; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) with either a 7.5 or 12 MHz probe and examined MSC using the water repletion method. Stomachs resected for gastric carcinoma were examined histologically.Results:Endoscopic ultrasonography was able to identify submucosal cysts as echo‐free round masses in the submucosal layer when the cysts were larger than 2 mm in diameter. Of 601 patients with variable gastric diseases, 16 (2.7%) were diagnosed with MSC. Twelve of these cases were accompanied with gastric carcinoma and MSC was histologically confirmed in 11 cases after surgical resection. The frequency of MSC detected by EUS was 4.7% (10/215) of early gastric carcinomas, 1.1% (2/185) of advanced gastric carcinomas and 2.1% (4/195) of other gastric diseases without gastric carcinoma. Six cases were a postoperative recurrence of gastric carcinoma. Only 25% (4/16) of MSC gave rise to endoscopic findings of submucosal tumor(s). Most MSC were distributed in the gastric body and the cysts were located beneath or adjacent to the carcinoma in approximately half the MSC cases accompanied by gastric carcinoma.Conclusions:Endoscopic ultrasonography provides information in the clinical diagnosis of MSC with regard to the existence and distribution of the cysts and the locational relationship between MSC and gastric carcinoma.
Endoscopic evaluation of reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy for cancer: Gastric tube versus jejunal interposition
Authors: Kakisako Kenji , Tamura Yoichi , Katsuta Takeshi , Kai Tetsuji , Tanimura Hideyuki , Kaketani Kazutoshi , Adachi Yosuke , Kitano Seigo 
Published: March 2003

Background:Since 1997, we have introduced proximal gastrectomy and gastric tube reconstruction for patients with small or superficial cancer of the gastric cardia. The aim of the present study was to present our experience with proximal gastrectomy in these patients and to assess the usefulness of this technique.Methods:We studied 12 patients who underwent proximal gastrectomy for cancer of the gastric cardia at the Koga Hospital. The mode of anastomosis was gastric tube reconstruction (n = 8) or jejunal interposition (n = 4). Clinical and endoscopic findings were evaluated with special reference to the reflux esophagitis.Results:Operation time for gastric tube reconstruction was significantly shorter than that for jejunal interposition (234 vs 359 min, respectively; P < 0.01). Although one patient with jejunal interposition experienced dysphagia and vomiting, no patient with gastric tube reconstruction had such symptoms. Endoscopy showed that one symptomatic patient with jejunal interposition and one asymptomatic patient with gastric tube reconstruction had esophagitis. The remaining patients were free from esophagitis on endoscopy and all patients were alive without recurrence.Conclusion:In patients with proximal gastrectomy, surgical and endoscopic results were satisfactory after gastric tube reconstruction. Because the procedure is simple and safe, this technique is the treatment of choice for early proximal gastric cancer.
Strongly acidic electrolyzed water: valuable disinfectant of endoscopes
Authors: SAKURAI YUKIHIRO , OGOSHI KAZUEI , OKUBO TAKASHI , KAKU MITUO , KOBAYASHI INTETSU 
Published: March 2003

Background: Glutaraldehyde (GA) is currently considered to be the best disinfectant for endoscope disinfection. However, GA poses high risks for medical staff involved in the process and also to the environment. Strongly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) has been recently re‐evaluated for its potent bactericidal effect and environmental safety.Methods: Through the aspiration channel of the scopes, upper GI endoscopes and colonoscopes were experimentally contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium
avium and hepatitis B surface antigen positive blood. Four disinfection methods were tested: manual washing only, soaking in 3% GA for 5 and 10 min, and a 10‐s soak in SAEW with 50 or 100 mL of aspiration.Results: Direct plating culture was positive for Pseudomononas contamination after
manual washing only (1/5) and after a 5‐min soak in 3% GA. Complete disinfection,
confirmed by enrichment culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of Pseudomonas
and hepatitis B surface antigen positive blood on the contaminated upper GI endoscope
was obtained after a 10‐min soak in GA and after using SAEW (0/5). Mycobacterum
avium are rather resistant against SAEW as determined by broth culture and PCR (1/5).Conclusion: Strongly acidic electrolyzed water is a valuable disinfectant for endoscopes.
Usefulness of a hemoglobin index determined by electronic endoscopy in the diagnosis of helicobacter pylori gastritis
Authors: Toyota Yoshio , Honda Hirohito , Omoya Toshihiro , Inayama Kumi , Suzuki Masaharu , Kubo Kenichirou , Nakasono Masahiko , Muguruma Naoki , Okamura Seisuke , Shimizu Ichirou , Ii Kunio , Ito Susumu 
Published: March 2003

Background:In patients with Helicobacter pylori infection, gastric endoscopy usually shows diffuse mucosal redness that disappears after successful H. pylori eradication. However, some infected patients do not show such redness. Therefore, disagreement continues concerning the need for gastric endoscopy in suspected H. pylori infection.Methods:Usefulness of a hemoglobin index (IHb) in diagnosis and follow up of H. pylori gastritis was examined endoscopically and histopathologically.Results:Patients with infection showed a higher mean IHb than those without infection (70.0 ± 10.0 vs 54.3 ± 4.7, P < 0.0001). Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of IHb for diagnosing H. pylori infection based on a cutoff value of 60 was higher than for the endoscopist's evaluation of diffuse redness (sensitivity 95.7 vs 92.6%, specificity 82.4 vs 66.6%, accuracy 93.0 vs 87.2%). Hemoglobin indices also reflected histolosically evident mucosal inflammatory changes more closely than did the endoscopist's evaluation. Hemoglobin indices significantly decreased after H. pylori eradication, as did histologic findings of mucosal congestion and numbers of erythrocytes in foveolae. Both histologic findings correlated positively with hemoglobin indices.Conclusion:The IHb is an objective endoscopic measure of mucosal inflammation that is useful in the diagnosis and follow up of H. pylori gastritis.
Comparison of the effects of intravenous infusion of omeprazole and H2‐receptor antagonists on intragastric pH in bleeding duodenal ulcer patients
Authors: Bihui Zhong , Yuhong Yuan , Minhu Chen , Jinkun Lin , Pinjin Hu 
Published: March 2003

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of intravenous infusion of omeprazole and H2‐receptor antagonists on 24‐h intragastric pH levels in patients with bleeding duodenal ulcers. METHODS: Fifty patients with active bleeding duodenal ulcers were randomly assigned to receive one of four treatment regimens: 40 mg omeprazole by intravenous infusion every 12 h, 40 mg famotidine intravenously every 12 h, 50 mg ranitidine intravenously every 6 h, 200 mg cimetidine intravenously every 6 h. Intragastric pH values were monitored in each subject at the baseline level and continuously for 24 h after treatment. RESULTS: Only the omeprazole group produced mean and median intragastric pH values of above 6. The famotidine group had mean and median intragastric pH values above 4. In the other two groups, pH values were both below 4. The mean percentages of time that intragastric pH levels were < 4, < 5 and < 6 over the 24 h period in each of the treatment groups were found to increase in the following order (smallest percentage to largest percentage): omeprazole, famotidine, ranitidine and cimetidine. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of intravenous use of omeprazole in active duodenal ulcer bleeding is superior to that of H2‐receptor antagonists and the increase in intragastric pH is maintained for a longer period.
Clinical implications and prevalence of cagA, cagE and cagT genes in the pathogenicity island of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from Shanghai patients
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Liu Wenzhong , Xu Weiwen , Shi Yao , Xiao Shudong 
Published: March 2003

OBJECTIVE: The cag pathogenicity island (cag PAI) has been reported to be the major factor controlling the virulence of Helicobacter pylori and has been associated with clinical outcome after H. pylori infection. The role of cag PAI genes in the pathogenicity of H. pylori infection remains to be established. The aim of the present study was to investigate: (i) the prevalence of cagA, cagE and cagT, the representative genes of cag PAI status, in H. pylori strains isolated from patients with various gastroduodenal diseases in the Shanghai region; and (ii) the relationship between the presence of these genes and different gastroduodenal diseases. METHODS: Ninety‐nine H. pylori strains were isolated from patients with chronic superficial gastritis (17), chronic atrophic gastritis (21), gastric ulcers (19), duodenal ulcers (23) and gastric cancer (19). The prevalence of the cagA, cagE, and cagT genes was studied in these strains by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS: The total prevalences of cagA, cagE and cagT genes were 84.8, 99 and 84.8%, respectively, in the 99 strains of H. pylori tested. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of cagA, cagE or cagT in H. pylori isolated from different gastroduodenal diseases (all P > 0.05). Of the 98 cagE‐positive isolates, 14 (14.3%) were cagA negative. Only one of 99 isolates was negative for both cagE and cagA. Of the 84 cagT‐positive strains, two were cagA negative. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the H. pylori isolates in the Shanghai region may have intact cag PAI. It was found that cagE, but not cagA, could be used as a marker for the presence of cag PAI. There is no correlation between the integrity of cag PAI and the clinical outcome after infection with H. pylori.
Effects of γ‐interferon gene‐modified hepatocytes on murine implanted liver carcinoma
Authors: Leng Jianhang , Zhang Lihuang , Yao Hangping , Cao Xuetao 
Published: March 2003

OBJECTIVE: Cancer immunotherapy and gene therapy are attractive approaches that have been widely investigated in different types of cancer. The present study examined the therapeutic effects of intrasplenically transplanted γ‐interferon (IFN‐γ) gene‐modified hepatocytes on murine implanted liver carcinoma. METHODS: Embryonic murine hepatocytes (BNL.CL2) were transfected with a recombinant adenovirus encoding IFN‐γ; two cell lines, BNL.LacZ and BNL.CL2, were used as controls. One week after intrasplenic C26 (colon carcinoma) cells were injected, 60 tumor‐bearing syngeneic mice underwent the intrasplenic transplantation of IFN‐γ gene‐modified hepatocytes and were divided into treatment (BNL.IFN‐γ) and control groups (BNL.LacZ and BNL.CL2). Two weeks later, the serum levels of IFN‐γ, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and nitric oxide (NO) in the implanted liver carcinoma‐bearing mice were assayed, the cytotoxicity of splenic cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were measured, and the mor‐phology of the hepatic tumors was studied to evaluate the therapeutic effects of the treatment. RESULTS: In the treatment group, the serum levels of IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and NO increased significantly (P < 0.01), and the splenic CTL activity also increased markedly (P < 0.01), accompanied by a substantial decrease in tumor volume and an increase in survival. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the IFN‐γ recombinant adenovirus was able to exert potent therapeutic effects and that the intrasplenic transplantation of adenovirus‐mediated IFN‐γ gene‐ modified hepatocytes could be used as a treatment for implanted liver carcinoma.
Influence of NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester and L‐arginine on gastric mucosal tolerant cytoprotection under stress
Authors: CUI Zhong Min , LI Zhao Shen , XU Guo Ming , ZHAN Xian Bao 
Published: March 2003

OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in gastric mucosal tolerant cytoprotection under stress and its possible mechanism. METHODS: Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to repeated water immersion
and restraint stress (WRS), during which NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine
methyl ester (L‐NAME), a non‐selective NO synthase inhibitor, and
L‐arginine (L‐Arg), a substrate for NO synthesis, were administered to inhibit or promote the synthesis of endogenous NO, respectively. Gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) was measured with an LDF‐3 Flowmeter (Electronic Instrument Factory of Nankai University, Tianjin, China), the NO level in the gastric mucosa was monitored by the Griess reaction and gastric mucosal lesions were evaluated using the ulcer index (UI). The relationships between changes in GMBF, UI and NO content in the gastric mucosa were analyzed by linear correlation analysis. RESULTS: Repeated WRS induced gastric mucosal tolerant cytoprotection and
this was accompanied by increased GMBF and NO levels in the gastric mucosa. Inhibition
of endogenous NO synthesis by L‐NAME worsened mucosal lesions induced
by single WRS and, after repeated WRS, the adaptive incremence in GMBF was abolished
and the NO content in the gastric mucosa was significantly reduced. In contrast,
enhancement of endogenous NO synthesis by L‐Arg attenuated mucosal erosions caused by single WRS. After repeated WRS, GMBF and the NO content in the mucosa increased gradually. Mucosal lesions were negligible after rats were exposed to the fourth WRS. CONCLUSIONS: During the tolerant cytoprotection, GMBF, UI and the NO content
showed regular changes and there were good relationships between them. L‐NAME
and L‐Arg changed the levels of endogenous NO, which, accordingly, affected GMBF and the gastric tolerance. By regulating GMBF, endogenous NO may play an important role in the gastric mucosal tolerant cytoprotection under stress. Inhibition of the synthesis of NO delayed the induction of tolerant cytoprotection, whereas increased NO synthesis promoted cytoprotection.
Value of the p53 protein for diagnosing cancer in pancreatic cells obtained by endoscopic pancreatic duct brushing
Authors: LI Zhao Shen , LIU Feng , XU Guo Ming , SUN Zhen Xing , ZHOU Guo Xiong , MAN Xiao Hua 
Published: March 2003

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of the p53 protein for diagnosing cancer in pancreatic cells obtained by using endoscopic pancreatic duct brushing.METHODS: Immunohistochemical methods were used to assay the amount of p53 protein in cytological specimens. The results were compared with those obtained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.RESULTS: Detection of the p53 protein by staining cytological specimens with H&E diagnosed pancreatic cancer with 53% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 70% accuracy. Using immunohistochemical methods, pancreatic cancer was diagnosed with 59% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 74% accuracy. The methods in combination produced a test with 71% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 81% accuracy.CONCLUSIONS: Hematoxylin and eosin staining combined with p53 protein detection in cells obtained by using endoscopic pancreatic duct brushing is a useful tool in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, and in the differentiation of benign and malignant pan­creatic disease.
FHIT alterations in human esophageal, gastric and colorectal carcinomas
Authors: YU Hong Gang , SUN Lai Bao , YU Bao Ping , LUO He Sheng , YU Jie Ping 
Published: March 2003

OBJECTIVE:  To assay alterations in the fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene in human esophageal, gastric and colorectal carcinomas.METHODS:  Carcinomatous tissues from 93 patients with digestive tract carcinoma (including 21 esophageal, 43 gastric and 32 colorectal carcinomas) and neighboring non‐carcinomatous tissues were examined in addition to 18 normal tissue samples. From the above tissue samples, RNA was extracted using guanidinium thiocyanate−phenol−chloroform. FHIT gene transcripts were amplified by using nested reverse transcription−polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).RESULTS:  Only wild‐type transcripts of the FHIT gene were found in the 18 normal tissue samples. Wild‐type FHIT gene transcripts were found in most carcinoma tissues, with the exception of seven cases (including two esophageal cancers, three gastric carcinomas and two colorectal carcinomas). In addition, abnormal FHIT transcripts were obtained from 33.3% of esophageal carcinomas, 51.7% of gastric carcinomas and 31.3% of colorectal carcinomas. Abnormal FHIT transcripts were obtained from neighboring tissue from 4.8, 20.9 and 9.4% of esophageal, gastric and colorectal carcinomas, respectively. The proportion of abnormal FHIT transcripts in carcinomatous tissues was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that in neighboring non‐carcinomatous tissues and normal tissues.CONCLUSION:  The proportion of abnormal FHIT cDNA in carcinomatous tissue is greater than that in non‐carcinomatous tissues, which suggests that transcripts of abnormal FHIT genes are related to the occurrence and development of carcinomas in the digestive tract.
Inhibitory efficacy of local angiostatin expression in treatment of human hepatic carcinoma cells
Authors: WU Jing , ZHANG De Xin , YANG Jing Hua , FAN Dai Ming 
Published: March 2003

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of local therapy using overexpression of the mouse angiostatin gene to treat human hepatic carcinoma. To investigate the mechanism of any therapeutic effect.METHODS: Full‐length mouse angiostatin cDNA was directly cloned into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(+). The recombinant plasmid was used to transfect HCC7721 human hepatic carcinoma cells (experimental group). The vector control group cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1(+), and the mock control group was not exposed to the plasmid. Angiostatin expression at the mRNA and protein levels was detected by using RNA dot blots and fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS), respectively. Cell growth in vitro was assayed with thiazoyl blue tetrazolium bromide and cell cycle distributions were analyzed with FACS. Angiostatin‐expressing cells and the vector control cells were transplanted subcutaneously into nude BALB/c mice and tumor volumes were measured after 30 days. Microvessel densities (MVD) and angiostatin expression in the tumor tissues were detected by using immunohistochemical staining with the primary anti‐vWF and anti‐HA antibodies, respectively.RESULTS: The pcDNA3.1(+)‐angio recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid was successfully constructed. No significant differences existed in cell morphology, cell growth curve and cell cycle distributions among the three study groups in vitro. However, markedly smaller tumor volumes, lower microvessel densities in tumor tissues, and stronger angiostatin‐positive staining were observed in the experimental group relative to the control group, indicating reduced tumorigenesis associated with angiostatin overexpression in vivo.CONCLUSIONS: Mouse angiostatin did not directly inhibit human hepatic carcinoma cell growth and proliferation in vitro. However, local production of angio­statin effectively inhibited tumorigenesis of HCC7721 in vivo, probably because of inhibition of tumor angio­genesis via a paracrine pathway. Transfer of the angiostatin gene may be an effective new approach to the treatment of hepatic carcinoma.