bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaze and task performance in shared virtual environments
Authors: Bailenson Jeremy N. , Beall Andrew C. , Blascovich Jim 
Published: December 2002

AbstractNon‐verbal behaviour, particularly gaze direction, plays a crucial function in regulating conversations and providing critical social information. In the current set of studies, we represented interactants in a shared immersive virtual environment. Interactants sat in physically remote rooms, entered a common virtual room and played games of 20 questions. The interactants were represented by one of three types of avatars: (1) human forms with head movements rendered in real time; (2) human forms without head movements rendered; or (3) human voice only (i.e., a conference call). The data demonstrated that interactants in the rendered head movement condition rated a higher level of co‐presence, liked each other more, looked at each other's heads more, and spoke for a lower percentage of time during the game, compared to the other two conditions. We discuss implications for the design of shared virtual environments, the study of non‐verbal behaviour and the goal of facilitating efficient task performance. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple animated characters motion fusion
Authors: Zhongxiang Luo , Yueting Zhuang , Feng Liu , Yunhe Pan 
Published: December 2002

AbstractOne of the major problems of the motion capture‐based computer animation technique is the relatively high cost of equipment and low reuse rate of data. To overcome this problem, many motion‐editing methods have been developed. However, most of them can only handle one character whose motions are preset, and hence cannot interact with its environment automatically. In this paper, we construct a new architecture of multiple animated character motion fusion, which not only enables the characters to perceive and respond to the virtual environment, but also allows them to interact with each other. We will also discuss in detail the key issues, such as motion planning, coordination of multiple animated characters and generation of vivid continuous motions. Our experimental results will further testify to the effectiveness of the new methodology. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subtleties of facial expressions in embodied agents
Authors: Pelachaud Catherine , Poggi Isabella 
Published: December 2002

AbstractOur goal is to develop a believable embodied agent able to dialogue with a user. In particular, we aim at making an agent that can also combine facial expressions in a complex and subtle way, just like a human agent does. We first review a taxonomy of communicative functions that our agent is able to express non‐verbally; but we point out that, due to the complexity of communication, in some cases different information can be provided at once by different parts and actions of an agent's face. In this paper we are interested in assessing and treating what happens, at the meaning and signal levels of behaviour, when different communicative functions have to be displayed at the same time and necessarily have to make use of the same expressive resources. In some of these cases the complexity of the agent's communication can give rise to conflicts between the parts or movements of the face. In this paper, we propose a way to manage the possible conflicts between different modalities of communication through the tool of belief networks, and we show how this tool allows us to combine facial expressions of different communicative functions and to display complex and subtle expressions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable carbon isotopic evidence for methane oxidation in plumes above Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia Oregon Margin
Authors: Grant Nicholas J. , Whiticar Michael J. 
Published: December 2002

The transport and consumption of methane in the water column in the vicinity of the cold seeps of Hydrate Ridge on the Cascadia Oregon Margin were characterized using measurements of the stable carbon isotope composition of methane. The δ13C‐CH4 values measured in the water column ranged from approximately −65 to −16‰, PDB. The combination of measured methane concentration data and the stable carbon isotope values from the same depths support the hypothesis of biogenically produced methane which enters the water column from dissolving bubbles released from cold seepages, likely as a consequence of destabilized methane hydrate (δ13C‐CH4 = −65‰, PDB). Kinetic fractionation factors, α, associated with aerobic bacterial methane oxidation in the water column were calculated using a Rayleigh distillation equation applied to a subset of the data. Fractionation factors ranged from 1.002 to 1.013 (mean = 1.008) and were in the lower end of the range of those reported in the literature, a result likely due to the influence of temperature and mixing in plume waters. The fraction of methane remaining after oxidation calculated using the same Rayleigh model approach suggests that the aerobic oxidation of methane in the water column over Hydrate Ridge is nearly quantitative.
American Society of Clinical Oncology 2001 Presidential Initiative: Impact of Regulatory Burdens on Quality Cancer Care
Authors: Einhorn Lawrence H. , Levinson Jenifer , Li Susan , Lamar Laurie , Kamin Deborah , Mendelson Dan 
Published: December 2002

PURPOSE: This study was conducted as part of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 2001 Presidential Initiative to assess the administrative burden of payer documentation requirements and their impact on oncology practice. METHODS: The study consisted of a physician questionnaire and an activity log. Site visits were conducted to support survey data. Analysis included 2,493 questionnaires and 1,115 activity logs; data were also collected from site visits to 10 oncology practices. RESULTS: Increased documentation was the greatest concern among respondents, greater even than the stress of dealing with death and dying. More than 97% of survey respondents reported an increase in documentation (averaging 1.4 h/d) and 77% reported an increase in work hours because of documentation in the past 5 years. As a result, more than 40% of respondents reported decreases in key aspects of patient care and decreases in teaching (48%) and research (39%). Site visit data demonstrate similar trends. CONCLUSION: It is critical to find ways to decrease physician burden without decreasing the ability to prevent fraud and abuse. Reforms include provisions in a recently passed bill in the United States House of Representatives to streamline Medicare regulation and increase physician education. To address oncology-specific concerns, changes also should be made to supervision requirements for residents and fellows and evaluation and management documentation for oncology follow-up visits.
Randomized Adjuvant Trial of Tamoxifen and Goserelin Versus Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, and Fluorouracil: Evidence for the Superiority of Treatment With Endocrine Blockade in Premenopausal Patients With Hormone-Responsive Breast Cancer—Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group Trial 5
Authors: Jakesz Raimund , Hausmaninger Hubert , Kubista Ernst , Gnant Michael , Menzel Christian , Bauernhofer Thomas , Seifert Michael , Haider Karin , Mlineritsch Brigitte , Steindorfer Peter , Kwasny Werner , Fridrik Michael , Steger Guenther , Wette Viktor , Samonigg Hellmut 
Published: December 2002

PURPOSE: Effective adjuvant treatment modalities in premenopausal breast cancer patients today include chemotherapy, ovariectomy, and tamoxifen administration. The purpose of Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group Trial 5 was to compare the efficacy of a combination endocrine treatment with standard chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Assessable trial subjects (N = 1,034) presenting with hormone-responsive disease were randomized to receive either 3 years of goserelin plus 5 years of tamoxifen or six cycles of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF). Stratification criteria included tumor stage and grade, number of involved nodes, type of surgery, and steroid hormone receptor content. Relapse-free survival (RFS) was defined as time from randomization to first relapse, local recurrence, or contralateral incidence, and overall survival (OS) as time to date of death. RESULTS: With a 60-month median follow-up, 17.2% of patients in the endocrine group and 20.8% undergoing chemotherapy developed relapses. Local recurrences emerged in 4.7% and 8.0%, respectively. RFS and local recurrence-free survival differed significantly in favor of endocrine therapy (P = .037 and P = .015), with a similar trend observed in OS (P = .195). CONCLUSION: Overall, our data suggest that the goserelin-tamoxifen combination is significantly more effective than CMF in the adjuvant treatment of premenopausal patients with stage I and II breast cancer.
Transplantation of Peripheral Blood Stem Cells as Compared With Bone Marrow From HLA-Identical Siblings in Adult Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Ringdén O. , Labopin M. , Bacigalupo A. , Arcese W. , Schaefer U.W. , Willemze R. , Koc H. , Bunjes D. , Gluckman E. , Rocha V. , Schattenberg A. , Frassoni F. 
Published: December 2002

PURPOSE: Several studies show that allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) engraft more rapidly than bone marrow (BM). However, the data are inconsistent with regard to acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), relapse, transplant-related mortality (TRM), and leukemia-free survival (LFS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1994 and December 2000, 3,465 adult patients (older than 15 years of age) were reported to the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry from 224 centers. Among acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, 1,537 patients received BM and 757 patients received PBSC. In acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, the corresponding figures were 826 versus 345 patients who were analyzed for engraftment, GVHD, TRM, relapse, LFS, and survival. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, the recovery of neutrophils and platelets was faster with PBSC than with BM (P < .0001). Chronic GVHD was associated with PBSC in patients with AML (relative risk [RR], 2.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.66 to 2.7; P < .0001) and ALL (RR, 1.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 2.27; P = .02). PBSC versus BM in patients with AML or ALL was not significantly associated with acute GVHD, TRM, relapse, survival, or LFS. In multivariate analysis of patients with AML, factors significantly associated with improved LFS included first remission at transplant (P < .0001), promyelocytic leukemia (M3) versus other French-American-British types (P < .0001), and donor age below median 37 years (P = .02). In patients with ALL, first remission (P < .0001) and methotrexate included in the immunosuppressive regimen (P = .001) were associated with improved LFS. CONCLUSION: Allogeneic PBSC results in faster neutrophil and platelet engraftment and a higher incidence of chronic GVHD than BM. However, acute GVHD, TRM, relapse, survival, and LFS were similar in patients receiving PBSCs versus BM.
Introduction of Chirality to the Remote, Open Face of a Metalloporphyrin through Coordination to the Metal of a Specially Designed Pendant Arm
Authors: Hamazawa Akihisa , Yano Toshihiro , Nishioka Takanori , Kinoshita Isamu , Isobe Kiyoshi , Yano Shigenobu , Wright L James , Collins Terrence J 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Chirality has been introduced to a metalloporphyrin by a new approach that involves coordination to the metal of a pendant arm, with the preferred conformation adopted by the resulting chelate ring causing the meso-phenyl group to which the arm is attached to twist and thereby introduce chirality to the remote, open face of the metalloporphyrin.
Alkylation of Phenols by Oxidation-Reduction Condensation Using 2,6-Dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone and Alkoxydiphenylphosphine
Authors: Shintou Taichi , Kikuchi Wataru , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Various alkyl phenyl ethers were obtained in high yields by way of oxidation-reduction condensation where alkoxydiphenylphosphine, prepared easily from chlorodiphenylphosphine and corresponding alcohols, was treated with various phenols in the co-existence of 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone(DMBQ) under mild conditions.
Application of Carbon Nanotubes to Counter Electrodes of Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Suzuki Kazuharu , Yamaguchi Makoto , Kumagai Mikio , Yanagida Shozo 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
In order to search for an efficient counter electrode in a dye-sensitized solar cells, three kinds of nano-carbon materials were examined. When single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were used as a carbon electrode, the conversion efficiency of the cells is 4.5%. This value is comparable to Grätzel-type dye-sensitized solar cell (counter electrode: platiun-suputtered fluorine-doped tin oxide) under the same experimental condition.
A Novel in situ Template-controlled Route to CuS Nanorods via Transition Metal Liquid Crystals
Authors: Lu Jun , Zhao Yan , Chen Nan , Xie Yi 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
A novel and simple route, called in situ template-controlled (ISTC) method, has been developed to fabricate low-dimensional CuS nanorods by firstly taking advantages of TMLC’s semi-ordered arrangement.
Gas-Occlusion Properties of a Novel Compound: Mononuclear Copper(II) Terephthalate-Pyridine
Authors: Ohmura Tetsushi , Mori Wasuke , Hasegawa Mari , Takei Tohru , Yoshizawa Akira 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Mononuclear copper(II) terephthalate-pyridine, which has a regular one-dimensional structure, occludes large amounts of gases. The maximum amount of N2 gas that can be occluded by mononuclear copper(II) terephthalate-pyridine is 1.1 mole per mole of copper(II) salt, indicating the presence of a large number of micropores. A porous structure, which is formed by hydrogen bonding and self-assembly of the linear copper(II) terephthalate-pyridine, was determined by X-ray crystallography.
Topotactic Preparation of Preferentially Oriented BaTiO3 and TiO2 Thin Films on Polycrystalline Substrate
Authors: Feng Qi , Kajiyoshi Koji , Yanagisawa Kazumichi 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
A layered titanate H1.08Ti1.73O4 oriented thin film on stainless steel and Ti metal substrates was prepared by using an exfoliation-restacking technique. The layered titanate film can be topotactically transformed to anatase and rutile thin films with preferred orientation along [103] and [110] directions, respectively, by heat-treatment, and to a BaTiO3 thin film with preferred orientation along [110] direction by hydrothermal treatment in a Ba(OH)2 solution.
Coexistence of multiple anomalies in the celiac‐mesenteric arterial system
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Murshid Khalid R. , Rufai Amin A. , Elsayed Salah E.O. , Sadiq Muhammad Shakil 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe origins and distribution of arteries of the celiac‐mesenteric system were examined by dissection of 52 formalin‐fixed human cadavers. Seventy‐five percent of the cadavers exhibited the classic Michels' Type I hepatolienogastric pattern; 25% had different branching patterns. Multiple anomalies of the celiac‐mesenteric arterial system were observed in one Caucasian female cadaver: a short lienogastric trunk; a common hepatic artery arising directly from the abdominal aorta; an anomalous course of the hepatic arteries; an accessory left hepatic artery arising from the left and right gastric arterial anastomosis along the lesser curvature of the stomach; a double cystic artery; a common inferior phrenic trunk arising from the celiac trunk; and an aberrant arterial channel connecting the proximal segments of the splenic and gastroduodenal arteries. A patent ductus venosus and an anomalous formation of the portal vein by the confluence of the splenic and superior and inferior mesenteric veins was also observed. Although single anomalies of the celiac‐mesenteric arterial system are common, complex combinations, such as were observed in the present case, represent a significant deviation from the normal developmental pattern. There seems to be no report in the literature of such a combination of anomalies coexisting in one individual. The developmental and clinical significance of these anomalous vessels is discussed. Clin. Anat. 16:30–36, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of lipopolysaccharide‐induced nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in scrapie‐infected N2a cells
Authors: Lindegren Heléne , Östlund Pernilla , Gyllberg Hanna , Bedecs Katarina 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn scrapie‐infected cells, the conversion of the cellular prion protein to the pathogenic prion has been shown to occur in lipid rafts, which are suggested to function as signal transduction platforms. Neuronal cells may respond to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment with a sustained and elevated nitric oxide (NO) release. Because prions and the major LPS receptor CD14 are colocalized in lipid rafts, the LPS‐induced NO production in scrapie‐infected neuroblastoma cells was studied. This study shows that LPS induces a dose‐ and time‐dependent increase in NO release in the murine neuroblastoma cell line N2a, with a 50‐fold increase in NO production at 1 μg/ml LPS after 96 hr, as measured by nitrite in the medium. This massive NO release was not caused by activation of the neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), but by increased expression of the inducible NOS (iNOS) mRNA and protein. However, in scrapie‐infected N2a cells (ScN2a), the LPS‐induced NO production was completely abolished. The absence of LPS‐induced NO production in ScN2a was due not to abolished enzymatic activity of iNOS but to a complete inhibition of the LPS‐induced iNOS gene expression as measured by Western blot and RT‐PCR. These results indicate that scrapie infection inhibits the LPS‐mediated signal transduction upstream of the transcriptional step in the signaling cascade and may reflect the important molecular and cellular changes induced by scrapie infection. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular and cellular cognitive studies of the role of synaptic plasticity in memory
Authors: Silva Alcino J. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractSynaptic plasticity has a central role in nearly all models of learning and memory. Besides experiments documenting changes in synaptic function during learning, most of the evidence supporting a role for synaptic plasticity in memory comes from manipulations that either enhance or lesion synaptic processes. In the last decade, mouse transgenetics (knock outs and transgenics) have provided compelling evidence that the molecular mechanisms responsible for the induction and stability of synaptic changes have a critical role in the acquisition and storage of information. Here, I will review this literature, with a special focus on studies of hippocampal‐dependent learning and memory. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 54: 224–237, 2003
Structural modeling of ataxin‐3 reveals distant homology to adaptins
Authors: Albrecht Mario , Hoffmann Daniel , Evert Bernd O. , Schmitt Ina , Wüllner Ullrich , Lengauer Thomas 
Published: December 2002

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a polyglutamine disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the coding region of a gene encoding ataxin‐3, a protein of yet unknown function. Based on a comprehensive computational analysis, we propose a structural model and structure‐based functions for ataxin‐3. Our predictive strategy comprises the compilation of multiple sequence and structure alignments of carefully selected proteins related to ataxin‐3. These alignments are consistent with additional information on sequence motifs, secondary structure, and domain architectures. The application of complementary methods revealed the homology of ataxin‐3 to ENTH and VHS domain proteins involved in membrane trafficking and regulatory adaptor functions. We modeled the structure of ataxin‐3 using the adaptin AP180 as a template and assessed the reliability of the model by comparison with known sequence and structural features. We could further infer potential functions of ataxin‐3 in agreement with known experimental data. Our database searches also identified an as yet uncharacterized family of proteins, which we named josephins because of their pronounced homology to the Josephin domain of ataxin‐3. Proteins 2003;50:355–370. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Therapeutic trial in the first three Asian cases of ethylmalonic encephalopathy: Response to riboflavin
Authors: Yoon H‐R. , Hahn S. H. , Ahn Y. M. , Jang S. H. , Shin Y. J. , Lee E. H. , Ryu K. H. , Eun B. L. , Rinaldo P. , Yamaguchi S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThree Korean girls with ethylmalonic encephalopathy, the first Asian cases, were identified. In all three cases, we observed slight improvement in motor functions, cognitive behaviours and chronic mucoid diarrhoea after treatment with riboflavin and/or coenzyme Q10 treatment. The precise pathogenesis of ethylmalonic encephalopathy has not been fully elucidated, but riboflavin treatment may be helpful.
2001 DIVISION 27 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: Emotional Intelligence and the Good Community
Authors: Cherniss Cary 
Published: December 2002

AbstractSuggests various ways in which the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) can inform community research and action. Begins by defining EI and reviewing the growing body of research on its contribution to educational, health, and occupational outcomes. Next distinguishes between EI and the related concept of emotional and social competence. Then considers the connection between EI and several topics of interest to community action researchers including prevention and wellness promotion, implementation and dissemination of innovative programs, community development, and the value of diversity. Concludes by suggesting that the ecological perspective can help inform research and practice relating to EI.
Ties to Influential Adults Among Black and White Adolescents: Culture, Social Class, and Family Networks
Authors: Hirsch Barton J. , Mickus Maureen , Boerger Rebecca 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAlthough prior research suggests the importance of nonparental adults to adolescents, the ecological context of those relationships has received little attention. This study examined ties to influential adults among 122 adolescents who varied by race, family structure, and gender. The strongest effects were for race. Blacks reported stronger ties than Whites to the maternal grandmother as well as more supportive interactions with adult males. While race differences in grandparental ties were robust across social class (SES), ties to an influential adult male became nonsignificant upon controlling for SES. African American girls from divorced families consistently reported the strongest ties. Discussion considers the role of culture versus SES in explaining race differences. Implications for mentoring interventions are proposed, with special attention to the role of actualizing latent ties to already existing network members.