bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Altitude Head and Neck Paragangliomas: A First Sub‐Himalayan Experience
Authors: Kumar Sudesh , Gupta Niraj , Thakur Priyanka , Gupta Nitin , Bodh Anita 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesHigh‐altitude natives have a high incidence of parangangliomas (PGL) of the head and neck, especially the carotid body tumor. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical presentation, pattern, altitude of residence, distribution, management, and follow‐up of head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGL) in our sub‐Himalayan population.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAcademic tertiary care hospital.MethodsHospital records of 20 patients of HNPGL diagnosed from December 2017 to December 2021 were retrieved for analysis.ResultsTwenty patients with 23 HNPGL, with a mean age of 41.74 years were managed in our institute. The female‐to‐male ratio was 2.3: 1 and the mean follow‐up was 29.95 months. Nine had carotid body (CBPGL), 7 had tympanic (TPGL), 2 had jugular (JPGL), and 2 had vagal paragangliomas (VPGL). Multiple PGL were seen in 4 patients (20%). Majority of cases (all CBPGL and 57.14% of TPGL) were residents of the high altitude, and the rest were from the low altitude. Fifteen patients (8 CBPGL, 7 TPGL) were operated. There were no major complications except in a patient with large carotid body tumor required anastomosis of carotid artery. Five patients received stereotactic radiotherapy, and 1 malignant PGL received chemoradiotherapy.ConclusionIn this study, JPGL and VPGL are common at low altitudes, whereas carotid body and tympanic PGL were the most common tumor at high altitudes. Being a retrospective and study small sample size, a definite conclusion is not established, however, a genetic analysis and inclusion of a wider population in a future prospective study may establish the hypothesis.
Molecular brushes with long polyfluorene backbones and polymethacrylic acid side chains: Luminescent properties and self‐organization in solutions
Authors: Kaskevich Ksenia I. , Simonova Maria A. , Romasheva Margarita M. , Zelentsov Matvey D. , Ziminov Andrey V. , Ramsh Stanislav M. , Litvinova Larisa S. , Cherevkov Sergei A. , Filippov Alexander P. , Yakimansky Alexander V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA series of molecular brushes with a polyfluorene (PF) backbone and polymethacrylic acid side chains of varying lengths were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization. The structure and composition of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy. Effect of the length of the backbone on spectral and conformational parameters of the macromolecules in solutions was analyzed. The grafting density of side chains was about 90%. Spectral methods have been used to determine the dependence of side chain grafting on the luminescent properties of polymer solutions, including quantum yields. It was shown that an optimal length of polymethacrylic acid side chains provides solubility of the polymer brushes. Solutions of PF‐graft‐polymethacrylic acid complexes with the model substance curcumin were investigated. It was established that the molecular brushes containing curcumin form monomolecular micelles. Molecular brushes with zinc phthalocyanine, potential systems for photodynamic, and photothermal therapy, were studied.
Diaphragm atrophy during invasive mechanical ventilation is related to extubation failure in preterm infants: An ultrasound study
Authors: Nobile Stefano , Sbordone Annamaria , Salce Nicola , Patti Maria Letizia , Perri Alessandro , Fattore Simona , Prontera Giorgia , Giordano Lucia , Tana Milena , Vento Giovanni 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiaphragm dysfunction is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Ventilator‐induced diaphragmatic dysfunction (VIDD), including diaphragm atrophy (DA), is poorly studied in newborns. We aimed to assess VIDD and its associations in newborns.MethodsSingle‐center prospective study. Diaphragm thickness was measured at end‐inspiration (TDI) and end‐expiration (TDE) on the right midaxillary line. DA was defined as decrease in TDE ≥ 10%. Daily measurements were recorded in preterm newborns on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) for ≥2 days. Clinical characteristics of patients and extubation failure were recorded. Univariate analysis, logistic regression, and mixed models were performed to describe VIDD and associated factors.ResultsWe studied 17 patients (median gestational age 270/7 weeks) and 22 IMV cycles (median duration 9 days). Median TDE decreased from 0.118 cm (interquartile range [IQR] 0.094–0.165) on the first IMV day to 0.104 cm (IQR 0.083–0.120) on the last IMV day (p = .092). DA occurred in 11 IMV cycles (50%) from 10 infants early during IMV (median: second IMV day). Mean airway pressure (MAP) and lung ultrasound score (LUS) on the first IMV day were significantly higher in patients who developed DA. DA was more frequent in patients with extubation failure than in those with extubation success within 7 days (83.3 vs. 33.3%, p = .038).ConclusionsDA, significantly associated with extubation failure, occurred in 58.8% of the study infants on IMV. Higher MAP and LUS at IMV start were associated with DA. Our results suggest a potential role of diaphragm ultrasound to assess DA and predict extubation failure in clinical practice.
Impact of initial high flow nasal cannula flow rates on clinical outcomes in children with bronchiolitis
Authors: Kannikeswaran Nirupama , Ehrman Robert R. , Spencer Priya , Pitman‐Hunt Chaya , Leja Jacqueline , Lelak Karima , Arora Rajan , Delaroche Amy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeOur aim was to evaluate the impact of the initial high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) flow rate on clinical outcomes in children with bronchiolitis.MethodsThis secondary analysis of retrospective data included children <2 years who required HFNC for bronchiolitis between 10/01/2018–04/20/2019, and following implementation of a revised institutional bronchiolitis pathway between 10/01/2021–04/30/2022. The new pathway recommended weight‐based initiation of HFNC at 1.5–2 L/kg/min. We evaluated the effect of low (<1.0 L/kg/min), medium (1–1.5 L/kg/min) and high (>1.5 L/kg/min) HFNC flow rates on need for positive pressure ventilation (PPV), intensive care unit (ICU) transfer, HFNC treatment time, and hospital length of stay (LOS).ResultsThe majority of the 885 included children had low initial flow rates (low [n = 450, 50.8%], medium [n = 332, 37.5%] and high [n = 103, 11.7%]). There were no significant differences in PPV (high: 7.8% vs. medium: 9.3% vs. low: 8.2%, p = 0.8) or ICU transfers (high: 4.9% vs. medium: 6.0% vs. low: 3.8%, p = 0.3). The low flow group had a significantly longer median HFNC treatment time (High: 29 [18, 45] vs. medium: 29 [16, 50] vs. low: 39 [25, 63], p < .001) and hospital LOS (High: 41 [27, 59] vs. medium: 42 [29, 66] vs. low: 50 (39, 75), p < .001). Logistic and linear regression models did not demonstrate any associations between HFNC flow rates and PPV or hospital LOS.ConclusionsInitial HFNC flow rates were not associated with significant changes in clinical outcomes in children in children with bronchiolitis.
Prostate and gut: Any relationship? A narrative review on the available evidence and putative mechanisms
Authors: Romano Lorenzo , Napolitano Luigi , Crocetto Felice , Sciorio Carmine , Sio Marco De , Miranda Agnese , Romano Marco , Priadko Kateryna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundGut microbiome is a community of microorganisms that lives in the human intestine and exerts various functions on the host, including metabolic, immunoregulatory, and control over cell proliferation. Gut microbiome alterations have been associated with various pathological conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Gut‐prostate axis is explained by the association between gut microbiome quantitative and functional alterations along with increased intestinal epithelial permeability with prostatediseases. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical importance of this association are not completely clarified yet.MethodsWe conducted a narrative review of the most relevant articles in the Medline (US National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA), Scopus (Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) and Web of Science Core Collection (Thomson Reuters, Toronto, ON, Canada) databases. No chronological restrictions were applied, and the most related papers published until December 2023 were included.ResultsGut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites are capable of modifying host androgen level, as well as prostate cancer (PCa) therapy response. Moreover, patients with inflammatory bowel disease have higher rates of prostatitis‐like symptoms and a potential risk of developing PCa.ConclusionsThere is evidence that interventions on the GM and its metabolites have a high potential to serve as diagnostic and therapeutic tools for prostate diseases, including PCa.
Prevalence and risk factors for childhood anemia in Rwanda: Using Rwandan demographic and health survey 2019–2020
Authors: Usanzineza Henriette , Nsereko Etienne , Niyitegeka Jean Pierre , Uwase Aline , Tuyishime Jean de Dieu H. , Sunday Francois Xavier , Mazimpaka Christian , Ahishakiye Jeanine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionAnemia in children is a significant health issue globally, with developing countries, notably Africa, being disproportionately affected. This condition can result in detrimental and irreversible impacts on a child's neurological development. Despite its relevance, research on anemia prevalence and risk factors in Rwandan children aged 6–23 months is limited. Our study aimed to ascertain the prevalence and potential risk factors associated with anemia in this defined population.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study that used secondary data analysis on a weighed sample of 1247 children aged 6–23 months, sourced from the 2019–2020 Rwanda Demographic Health Survey. We used descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression to identify the links between anemia and various factors.ResultsThe study revealed a high prevalence of anemia at 52.79%. Among anemic children aged 6–23 months, most (52.82%) had mild anemia, 46.12% had moderate anemia, and 1.06% had severe anemia. Key contributors to childhood anemia included maternal anemia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.62, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): [1.11, 2.33]) and history of coughing in the 2 weeks before the survey (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI: [1.12, 1.81]). Vitamin A supplementation and antiparasitic medication were identified as protective factors (AOR = 0.70, 95% CI: [0.50, 0.97]) and (AOR = 0.59, 95% CI: [0.45, 0.77]), respectively.ConclusionGiven the high anemia prevalence among Rwandan children aged 6–23 months, targeted public health interventions are critically needed. A comprehensive strategy throughout the health system is essential for reducing childhood anemia, involving measures such as addressing maternal anemia, managing childhood illnesses, and enhancing existing interventions like vitamin A supplementation and deworming.
Plasma proteome profiling reveals biomarkers of chemotherapy resistance in patients with advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: Yang Jingxin , Chen Jin , Zhang Luobin , Zhou Fangming , Cui Xiaozhen , Tian Ruijun , Xu Ruilian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers. Patients with advanced CRC can only rely on chemotherapy to improve outcomes. However, primary drug resistance frequently occurs and is difficult to predict. Changes in plasma protein composition have shown potential in clinical diagnosis. Thus, it is urgent to identify potential protein biomarkers for primary resistance to chemotherapy for patients with CRC. Automatic sample preparation and high‐throughput analysis were used to explore potential plasma protein biomarkers. Drug susceptibility testing of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been investigated, and the relationship between their values and protein expressions has been discussed. In addition, the differential proteins in different chemotherapy outcomes have been analyzed. Finally, the potential biomarkers have been detected via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Plasma proteome of 60 CRC patients were profiled. The correlation between plasma protein levels and the results of drug susceptibility testing of CTCs was performed, and 85 proteins showed a significant positive or negative correlation with chemotherapy resistance. Forty‐four CRC patients were then divided into three groups according to their chemotherapy outcomes (objective response, stable disease, and progressive disease), and 37 differential proteins were found to be related to chemotherapy resistance. The overlapping proteins were further investigated in an additional group of 79 patients using ELISA. Protein levels of F5 and PROZ significantly increased in the progressive disease group compared to other outcome groups. Our study indicated that F5 and PROZ proteins could represent potential biomarkers of resistance to chemotherapy in advanced CRC patients.
Highly Tunable Cellulosic Hydrogels with Dynamic Solar Modulation for Energy‐Efficient Windows
Authors: Mohammad Noor Mohammad , Zhang Yun , Xu Wenhui , Aranke Sai Swapneel , Carne Daniel , Deng Pengfei , Du Fengyin , Ruan Xiulin , Li Tian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSmart windows that can passively regulate incident solar radiation by dynamically modulating optical transmittance have attracted increasing scientific interest due to their potential economic and environmental savings. However, challenges remain in the global adoption of such systems, given the extreme variability in climatic and economic conditions across different geographical locations. Aiming these issues, a methylcellulose (MC) salt system is synthesized with high tunability for intrinsic optical transmittance (89.3%), which can be applied globally to various locations. Specifically, the MC window exhibits superior heat shielding potential below transition temperatures, becoming opaque at temperatures above the Lower Critical Solution Temperature and reducing the solar heat gain by 55%. This optical tunability is attributable to the particle size change triggered by the temperature‐induced reversible coil‐to‐globular transition. This leads to effective refractive index and scattering modulation, making them prospective solutions for light management systems, an application ahead of intelligent fenestration systems. During the field tests, MC‐based windows demonstrated a 9 °C temperature decrease compared to double‐pane windows on sunny days and a 5 °C increase during winters, with simulations predicting an 11% energy savings. The ubiquitous availability of materials, low cost, and ease‐of‐manufacturing will provide technological equity and foster the ambition toward net‐zero buildings.
Monodispersed Molecular Phthalocyanine with Sulfur‐Driven Electron Delocalization for Enhanced Electrochemical Biosensing
Authors: Ye Jianqi , Lu Jinhua , Yuan Hongxing , Wan Ziqi , Wan Xinhao , Tang Yarui , Li Lanqing , Wen Dan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHeterogenizing the molecular catalysts on conductive scaffolds to achieve the isolated molecular dispersion and expected coordination structures is significant yet still challenging. Herein, a sulfur‐driving strategy to anchor monodispersed cobalt phthalocyanine on nitrogen and sulfur co‐doped graphene (NSG‐CoPc) is demonstrated. Experimental and theoretical analysis prove that the incorporation of S dramatically improves the adsorption capability of NSG and evokes the monodispersion of the CoPc molecule, promoting the axial Co─N coordination and the electron delocalization of the Co catalytic center. Benefiting from the reduced activation energy barrier and boosted electron transfer, as well as the maximized active site utilization, NSG‐CoPc exhibits outstanding H2O2 oxidization and sensing performance (used as a representative reaction). Moreover, the usage of NSG as a substrate can be readily extended to other metal (Ni, Cu, and Fe) phthalocyanine molecules with molecular‐level dispersion. This work clarifies the mechanism of heteroatoms decoration and provides a new paradigm in devising monodispersed molecular catalysts with modulated chemical surroundings for broad applications.
In Situ Spontaneous Construction of Zinc Phosphate Coating Layer Toward Highly Reversible Zinc Metal Anodes
Authors: Xia Shu , Luo Qiuyang , Liu Junnan , Yang Xingfu , Lei Jie , Shao Jiaojing , Tang Xiaoning 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc ion batteries have received widespread attention due to their merits of high safety, high theoretical specific capacity, low cost, and environmental benignity. Nevertheless, the irreversible issues of Zn anode deriving from side reactions and dendrite growth have hindered its commercialization in large‐scale energy storage systems. Herein, a zinc phosphate tetrahydrate (Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O, ZnPO) coating layer is in situ formed on the bare Zn by spontaneous redox reactions at room temperature to tackle the above issues. Particularly, the dense and brick‐like ZnPO layer can effectively separate the anode surface from the aqueous electrolyte, thus suppressing the serious side reactions. Moreover, the ZnPO layer with high ionic conductivity, high Zn2+ transference number, and low nucleation barrier permits rapid Zn2+ transport and enables uniform Zn deposition, ensuring dendrite‐free Zn deposition. As a result, the ZnPO@Zn symmetric battery achieves a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.8% and displays ultrahigh cycle stability over 6000 h (> 8 months), far surpassing its counterparts. Furthermore, the ZnPO@Zn||MnO2 full battery exhibits excellent electrochemical performances. Therefore, this work provides a new reference for simple and large‐scale preparation of highly reversible Zn metal anodes, and has great potential for practical applications.
Electron‐withdrawing inductive effects enhanced strategy for protein thiol sensing and blocking agent design
Authors: Zhang Liangwei , Liu Shudi , Zhang Xia , Sun Jinyu , Chen Lingxin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIt is a great challenge to discover novel chemical reactions suitable for biological analysis in a living system. The development of novel protein thiol blocking agents is a crucial need for exploring protein thiol functions in protein refolding, signal transduction, and redox regulation. We are always keen on seeking novel chemical reactions applied to endogenous biological macromolecules or protein thiol sensing, blocking, and labeling. In the present work, we have successfully developed a novel agent to block protein thiol by enhanced electron‐withdrawing inductive effects. This sensing and blocking process was detailedly monitored by UV‐vis, fluorescent spectra, and SDS‐Page gel separation. The spectral studies demonstrated that the agent could react ultrafastly with thiol within seconds at μM level. Furthermore, fluorescent imaging in cells and in vivo was further used for the validation of its ability to sensing and blocking thiol, providing evidence of downregulated protein thiols in Parkinson's disease. The enhanced electron‐withdrawing inductive effect strategy in this work may provide a general guideline for designing protein thiol agent.
Recent progress in stimuli‐responsive DNA‐based logic gates: Design, working principles and biological applications
Authors: Liu Ling Sum , Leung Hoi Man , Cai Yuzhen , Lo Pik Kwan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStimuli‐responsive DNA‐based logic gates have emerged as a promising field at the intersection of synthetic biology and nanotechnology. These gates exploit the unique properties of DNA molecules to perform programmable computational operations in response to specific stimuli. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the design, working principles, and applications of stimuli‐responsive DNA‐based logic gates. The progress made in developing various types of logic gates triggered by metal ions, pH, oligonucleotides, small molecules, proteins, and light is highlighted. The applications of these logic gates in imaging and biosensing, drug delivery, synthetic biology and molecular computing are discussed. This review underscores the significant contributions and future prospects of stimuli‐responsive DNA‐based logic gates in advancing the field of nanotechnology.
Fast and Sensitive Detection of Ammonia from Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reactions by 1H NMR with Radiation Damping
Authors: Assafiri Aya , Jia Chen , Thomas Donald S. , Hibbert David B. , Zhao Chuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA facile NMR method is reported for analysis of ammonia from the electrochemical reduction of nitrogen, which compares a calibrated colorimetric method, a calibrated 1H NMR method and two 1H NMR direct measurements using external reference materials. Unlike spectrophotometric methods, 1H NMR requires less bench time and does not require separation of ammonia from the electrolyte. A novel approach to the problem of radiation damping in NMR measurements considered the specific role of hardware tuning. Radiation damping is suppressed improving signal‐to‐noise ratio and detection limit (1.5 µg L−1). The method is demonstrated to be effective for the analysis of ammonia from direct electrochemical nitrogen reduction in KOH, and from lithium‐mediated nitrogen reduction in a non‐aqueous solution. An uncertainty budget is prepared for the measurement of ammonia.
Advances in understanding immune homeostasis in latent tuberculosis infection
Authors: Niu Liangfei , Wang Hao , Luo Geyang , Zhou Jing , Hu Zhidong , Yan Bo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNearly one‐fourth of the global population is infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and approximately 90%–95% remain asymptomatic as latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), an estimated 5%–10% of those with latent infections will eventually progress to active tuberculosis (ATB). Although it is widely accepted that LTBI transitioning to ATB results from a disruption of host immune balance and a weakening of protective immune responses, the exact underlying immunological mechanisms that promote this conversion are not well characterized. Thus, it is difficult to accurately predict tuberculosis (TB) progression in advance, leaving the LTBI population as a significant threat to TB prevention and control. This article systematically explores three aspects related to the immunoregulatory mechanisms and translational research about LTBI: (1) the distinct immunocytological characteristics of LTBI and ATB, (2) LTBI diagnostic markers discovery related to host anti‐TB immunity and metabolic pathways, and (3) vaccine development focus on LTBI.This article is categorized under:
Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Infectious Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics
Immune System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics
Transverse momentum measurements with jets at next-to-leading power
Authors: del Castillo Rafael F. , Jaarsma Max , Scimemi Ignazio , Waalewijn Wouter 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In view of the increasing precision of theoretical calculations and experimental measurements, power corrections to transverse-momentum-dependent observables are highly important. We study the next-to-leading power corrections for transverse momentum measurements in e+e− → 2 jets. We obtain a factorized expression for the cross section, which involve twist-2 and twist-3 operators, and identify the new jet functions that appear in it. We calculate these jet functions at order αs for a family of recoil-free schemes, and provide the corresponding anomalous dimensions at leading order. Additionally, we show that the (endpoint) divergences that typically arise in sub-leading-power factorization can be subtracted and cancel for our case. By working with jets, everything is perturbatively calculable and there are substantial simplifications compared to the general next-to-leading power framework. Importantly, our analysis with jets can be extended to semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering, with the future Electron-Ion Collider as key application.