bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in the analysis of proteins and peptides by capillary electrophoresis with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization and electrospray‐mass spectrometry detection
Authors: Stutz Hanno 
Published: March 2005

AbstractHigh throughput, outstanding certainty in peptide/protein identification, exceptional resolution, and quantitative information are essential pillars in proteome research. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) has proven to meet these requirements. Soft ionization techniques, such as matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI), have paved the way for the story of success of CE‐MS in the analysis of biomolecules and both approaches are subject of discussion in this article. Meanwhile, CE‐MS is far away from representing a homogeneous field. Therefore the review will cover a vast area including the coupling of different modes of CE (capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric foscusing, capillary electrochromatography, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis) to MS as well as on‐line preconcentration techniques (transient capillary isotachophoresis, solid‐phase extraction, membrane preconcentration) applied to compensate for restricted detection sensitivity. Special attention is given to improvements in interfacing, namely addressing nanospray and coaxial sheath liquid design. Peptide mapping, collision‐induced dissociation with subsequent tandem MS, and amendments in mass accuracy of instruments improve information validity gained from MS data. With 2‐D on‐line coupling of liquid chromatography (LC) and CE a further topic will be discussed. A special section is dedicated to recent attempts in establishing CE‐ESI‐MS in proteomics, in the clinical and diagnostic field, and in the food sector.
Lipopolysaccharide recognition protein, MD‐2, facilitates cellular uptake of E. coli‐derived plasmid DNA in synovium
Authors: Kolka Jacquelyn A. , Vreede Andrew P. , Roessler Blake J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackgroundSeveral cell types are susceptible to transfection in vivo using naked plasmid DNA. The mechanisms involved in mediating in vivo transfection are incompletely known, but evidence suggests that receptor‐mediated endocytosis is important for specific types of cells. In this study we tested the hypothesis that residual Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) forms a non‐covalent complex with expression plasmid DNA, and host‐cell‐derived soluble LPS‐binding proteins bind to the DNA‐LPS complexes in order to facilitate receptor‐mediated endocytosis.MethodsCells from the murine synovial lining were used as an in vivo model system and in vivo luciferase imaging was used to quantify levels of transgene expression. Using a series of gene‐deleted mice, the roles of LPS recognition complex proteins, lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP), CD14 and MD‐2, in the process of in vivo transfection were determined.ResultsLuciferase expression assays revealed that mice lacking LBP or CD14 had increased luciferase expression (p < 0.023 and < 0.165, respectively), while mice deleted of MD‐2 had significant reductions in luciferase expression (p < 0.001). Gene deletion of hyaluronic acid binding protein CD44 was used as a control and had no statistically significant effect on transgene expression in vivo. In muscle tissue, where neither cell surface nor soluble MD‐2 is expressed, no MD‐2 dependence of plasmid transfection was identified, suggesting the role of MD‐2 is tissue or cell type specific. Additionally, depleting mice of macrophages showed that luciferase expression is occurring within fibroblast‐like synoviocytes.ConclusionsOur data support a physical association between LPS and E. coli‐derived plasmid DNA, and that in vivo transfection of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes is dependent on the soluble form of the LPS‐binding protein MD‐2. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epidermis promotes dermal fibrosis: role in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic scars
Authors: Bellemare Judith , Roberge Charles J , Bergeron Danielle , Lopez‐Vallé Carlos A. , Roy Michel , Moulin Véronique J 
Published: March 2005

AbstractHypertrophic scarring is a pathological process characterized by fibroblastic hyperproliferation and by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components. It has been hypothesized that abnormalities in epidermal–dermal crosstalk explain this pathology. To test this hypothesis, a tissue‐engineered model of self‐assembled reconstructed skin was used in this study to mimic interactions between dermal and epidermal cells in normal or pathological skin. These skin equivalents were constructed using three dermal cell types: normal wound (Wmyo) or hypertrophic wound (Hmyo) myofibroblasts and normal skin fibroblasts (Fb). Epidermis was reconstructed with normal skin keratinocytes (NK) or hypertrophic scar keratinocytes (HK). In the absence of keratinocytes, Hmyo formed a thicker dermis than Wmyo. When seeded with NK, the dermal thickness of Hmyo (121.2 ± 31.4 µm vs 196.2 ± 27.8 µm) and Fb (43.7 ± 7.1 µm vs 83.6 ± 16.3 µm) dermis was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced, while that of Wmyo (201.5 ± 15.7 µm vs 160.7 ± 21.1 µm) was increased. However, the presence of HK always induced significantly thicker dermis formation than observed with NK (Wmyo: 238.8 ± 25.9 µm; Hmyo: 145.5 ± 22.4 µm; Fb: 74.2 ± 11.2 µm). These results correlated with collagen and MMP‐1 secretion and with cell proliferation, which were increased when keratinocytes were added, except for the collagen secretion of Hmyo and Fb in the presence of NK. The level of dermal apoptosis was not different when epidermis was added to the dermis (<1% in each category). These observations strongly suggest that hypertrophic scar keratinocytes play a role in the development of pathological fibrosis by influencing the behaviour of dermal cells. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leading Business Improvement: a New Role for Statisticians and Quality Professionals
Authors: Snee Ronald D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFollowing the successes of Motorola, Allied‐Signal, General Electric and others, many companies are implementing the Six Sigma approach to business improvement. Millions of dollars are being saved in the process. Active leadership by management and others involved is integral to the method and critical to its success. This development provides a unique opportunity for statisticians and quality professionals to be leaders in their organizations. The leadership roles are discussed and it is shown how statisticians and quality professionals can assume leadership roles throughout the deployment process. As a result statisticians and quality professionals can expand their roles as internal trainers and consultants to include being leaders of business improvement. In the process their focus moves from facilitation of technical applications to the implementation of Six Sigma, skill deployment and delivery of bottom line business results. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Latent structure of depression in a community sample: a taxometric analysis
Authors: SLADE TIM , ANDREWS GAVIN 
Published: March 2005

Background. The latent structure of depression was examined using taxometric analysis, a family of statistical procedures designed specifically to test whether a given construct is best conceptualized as a distinct category or a continuous dimension.Method. Data were derived from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being, a large epidemiological survey that measured the prevalence of the major DSM-IV and ICD-10 mental disorders. Two taxometric procedures, maximum covariance (MAXCOV) and mean above minus below a cut (MAMBAC), were carried out on a sample of 1933 community volunteers. Simulated categorical and dimensional datasets aided in the interpretation of the research data.Results. The results of the taxometric analyses in the subsample who endorsed at least one symptom of depression were consistent with a dimensional latent structure of depression.Conclusions. The findings of the current study suggest that depression, as measured in this subsample, is best conceptualized, measured and classified as a continuously distributed syndrome rather than as a discrete diagnostic entity. Incorporation of dimensional measurement into psychiatric classification systems remains a challenge for the future.
The socio-economic status of communities predicts variation in brain serotonergic responsivity
Authors: MANUCK STEPHEN B. , BLEIL MARIA E. , PETERSEN KAREN L. , FLORY JANINE D. , JOHN MANN J. , FERRELL ROBERT E. , MULDOON MATTHEW F. 
Published: March 2005

Background. We reported previously that the socio-economic status (SES) of individuals predicts variation in brain serotonergic responsivity, as assessed by neuropharmacological challenge in an adult community sample, and that this association is qualified by allelic variation in the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR). Here we examine whether serotonergic responsivity covaries similarly with the SES of communities, as indexed by US Census data in the same study sample.Method. Community SES was defined by levels of income, economic disadvantage, housing costs, and educational attainment of census tracts in which 249 locally recruited study participants (54% male) resided. Serotonergic responsivity was assessed as the baseline-adjusted, peak plasma prolactin (Prl) concentration following acute administration of the serotonin-releasing agent, fenfluramine; tissue for DNA extraction and 5-HTTLPR genotyping was available on 131 participants.Results. Subjects residing in census tracts of lower SES showed a blunted Prl response to fenfluramine (diminished serotonergic responsivity) relative to individuals living in more affluent neighborhoods. When adjusted for personal income and education, SES at the community level continued to predict fenfluramine-stimulated Prl responses and did so independently of 5-HTTLPR genotype.Conclusions. Area-level indices of relative social and economic disadvantage covary with individual differences in brain serotonergic responsivity, and this association is, in part, independent of individually defined SES. These findings may be relevant to reported effects of low community SES on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders or behaviors associated with dysregulation of central serotonergic function, such as depression, impulsive aggression, and suicide.
Nietzsche's Moral Perspectivism
Authors: Solomon Robert C. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Nietzsche's moral perspectivism is one of the central and best-known themes of his philosophy. I interpret his genealogical argument in On the Genealogy of Moralsas an ad hominem argument, not so much history as moral psychology. In particular, Nietzsche mentions resentment (ressentiment) as a diagnostic tool in moral criticism. But Nietzsche has mixed intentions here. On the one hand, he adopts what I call a “blaming” perspective.” On the other, he urges us to get “beyond judgment.”
“Revelation to US”
Authors: Gatta John 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
By the early nineteenth century, in writings by Bryant, Cooper, and Emerson, one can observe a growing Romantic tendency to imagine Nature in religious terms--as a favored site of worship and a source of revelation largely superseding the Christian scriptures. Both literary artists and Hudson River painters highlighted their impressions of the sacred sublime in American landscapes. And as civilized settlements continued to replace the older freedom of life on the frontier, James Fenimore Cooper dramatized the problematic ethical consequences of this change in his Leatherstocking novels, above all in The Pioneers. Ralph Waldo Emerson’s vision of the nonhuman world as divine “cosmos,” or “beauty” is most memorably presented in his book Nature (1836), which celebrates the intersection between Nature and Civilization he discovered on the “common” space of a village green in Concord, Massachusetts. Emerson’s poem “The Adirondacs,” which describes a camping excursion interrupted by news of laying the first transatlantic telegraph cable, underscores the point that no part of nature could henceforth be wholly removed from human presence or influence.
Imagined Worlds
Authors: Gatta John 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Every landscape is exotic, from the standpoint of those who stand apart from it or cannot know it fully, so that encounters with strange or forbidding landscapes may have sacred rather than escapist meaning. The exotic terrain of Southern swamps nurtured a distinctive form of religious life for maroon communities of African Americans, a spiritual legacy recalled in W.E.B. Du Bois’s Quest of the Silver Fleece. In Arctic Dreams, Barry Lopez shows how a strange and forbidding place inspires reverence before the sacred mystery of all that the land contains, both visible and invisibly. A comparable reverence toward an elusive, nonhuman, and numinous presence informs the Himalayan quest narrative of Peter Matthiessen in The Snow Leopard. In the Watson trilogy, Matthiessen probes the spiritual ambiguities of American lawlessness and exposes the “desecration of Creation” that human “progress” has brought to Florida’s Everglades.
On Two Non‐Realist Interpretations of Kant's Ethics
Authors: Ameriks Karl 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Turns to questions about the ultimate nature of the content of Kant’s ethical theory. It criticizes aspects of the very influential constructivist reading of Kant’s ethics, originated by John Rawls and his students and employed in Jerome Schneewind’s important account of the history of modern ethics. There are historical and systematic reasons for allowing a much more positive relation between Kant’s ethical theory and moral realism. As with his theoretical philosophy, Kant’s arguments against the metaphysical tradition can be understood as anything but global and complete and as aimed primarily at very specific forms of dogmatic objectivism or relativism. The second half of the chapter points out some ways in which this realist approach can begin to respond to the most obvious objection to it (raised recently by Charles Larmore, namely that it may not do justice to Kant’s special emphasis on autonomy. It argues that Kant’s notion of autonomy does not in fact have the overly subjective implications that are commonly ascribed to it by its opponents – and that also are often assumed, or even glorified, by many who call themselves followers of Kant.
New Views on Kant's Judgment of Taste
Authors: Ameriks Karl 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Defends the position of the previous chapter in response to a direct critique of it by Hannah Ginsborg, from the perspective of a subjectivist reading of Kantian taste. The critique provides an opportunity for clarifying ways in which an objectivist reconstruction does not have the kind of unwelcome consequences that it might at first seem to have. There is a way of reading Kant’s argument that shows how taste can be called objective for reasons that are not tied to either the kind of objectivity associated with science or a mere knowledge of causal relations or to the specific kinds of rationalist doctrines that Kant was mainly trying to warn against insofar as he was very reluctant (as he obviously was) explicitly to call his theory an objectivist one.
INTRODUCING THE PUZZLE
Authors: Hawthorne John 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
This chapter introduces the epistemological puzzle to be examined in this volume. In essence, the puzzle consists of a tension between various ordinary claims to know and our apparent incapacity to know whether or not someone will lose a lottery. It discusses why we are inclined to think that lottery propositions are unknowable. These unknowable intuitions are linked to other intuitions concerning our assertoric and deliberative dispositions with regard to lottery propositions. It then discusses the epistemic closure, which is vital to the force of the puzzle.
SKEPTICAL AND MODERATE INVARIANTISM
Authors: Hawthorne John 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
This chapter examines the two kinds of invariantism: sceptical and moderate. The sceptical invariantist claims that the sematic value of the word ‘know’ is such that all or nearly all ordinary positive knowledge ascriptions of the form ‘S knows that p’ are false. The moderate invariantist claims that the semantic value of ‘know’ is such that many of the positive knowledge ascriptions that we make in daily life are true. A moderate invariantist treatment of the puzzle is discussed.
4 The Ethical Task as the Human Task
Authors: Evans C. Stephen 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Unlike Fear and Trembling, Kierkegaard affixes his name to Concluding Unscientific Postscript, as the ‘editor’, thereby signalling his close affinity to the position outlined by the book’s pseudonym Johannes Climacus. Kierkegaard himself, in The Point of View for My Work as an Author, tells us that he placed his name on the title page as a signal of the similarity of Climacus’s views to his own. Indeed, Climacus provides a formal structure that can be used to illuminate what Kierkegaard says in his own voice in Works of Love and elsewhere. From Climacus in Concluding Unscientific Postscript – and from Kierkegaard himself in Purity of Heart Is to Will One Thing – we have a conception of the ethical life as a life that involves a relationship with God. This knowledge of God, however, is not rooted in God’s revelation in history but is, instead, rooted in the individual’s own conscience.
9 Neighbour‐Love, Natural Loves, and Social Relations
Authors: Evans C. Stephen 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
When Kierkegaard tells us that we must not make ‘distinctions’ in our love, he does not mean that neighbour-love cannot coexist with such natural loves as romantic love and friendship. On the contrary: Kierkegaard believes that neighbour-love teaches us how to love the friend and the beloved as we should. Concrete, local activity is not the only kind of neighbour-love that is possible or appropriate. Broader, cooperative efforts for those whom one may never meet fall within the scope of the divine command to love one’s neighbour as oneself, and this may require political and social action of a type that Kierkegaard himself does not endorse.
‘The Long Hesitation’: Some Reflections on the Romans in Judaea
Authors: Curran John 
Published: March 2005

On a day without precise date some time in Judaea in the first century of the common era, an interview of exceptional historical importance took place between a representative of Roman power and a Jewish prophet. What passed between them has left an indelible imprint on history, although religious believers, historians, and theologians have struggled for almost two thousand years to comprehend the legacy. The Roman was Titus Flavius Vespasianus, general of a vast army on its way to Jerusalem, and the Jewish prophet, priest and pharisee was Yosef ben Matthityahu.The year was AD 67. In the summer of the previous year, the priests of the great temple of the Jewish God in Jerusalem had suspended the sacrifices which had been held twice a day for more than two generations in honour of the emperors of Rome. The suspension marked the formal beginning of a disastrous revolt mounted by the Jews against the empire of Rome in the East. Josephus had been appointed as a commander as soon as the revolt broke out and he had been sent to Galilee, some 50 miles north of Jerusalem, to organize resistance there. After initial success, he had been besieged by Roman forces at Jotapata, 10 miles from Nazareth. And when it became clear to the rebels that they were likely to fall into Roman hands he alleges that they carried out an elaborate mass-suicide, killing their comrades, starting at the lowest levels in the command and working up.
Arabidopsis Has Two Redundant Cullin3 Proteins That Are Essential for Embryo Development and That Interact with RBX1 and BTB Proteins to Form Multisubunit E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Complexes in Vivo
Authors: Figueroa Pablo , Gusmaroli Giuliana , Serino Giovanna , Habashi Jessica , Ma Ligeng , Shen Yunping , Feng Suhua , Bostick Magnolia , Callis Judy , Hellmann Hanjo , Deng Xing Wang 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCullin-based E3 ubiquitin ligases play important roles in the regulation of diverse developmental processes and environmental responses in eukaryotic organisms. Recently, it was shown in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mammals that Cullin3 (CUL3) directly associates with RBX1 and BTB domain proteins in vivo to form a new family of E3 ligases, with the BTB protein subunit functioning in substrate recognition. Here, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana has two redundant CUL3 (AtCUL3) genes that are essential for embryo development. Besides supporting anticipated specific AtCUL3 interactions with the RING protein AtRBX1 and representative Arabidopsis proteins containing a BTB domain in vitro, we show that AtCUL3 cofractionates and specifically associates with AtRBX1 and a representative BTB protein in vivo. Similar to the AtCUL1 subunit of the SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein–type E3 ligases, the AtCUL3 subunit of the BTB-containing E3 ligase complexes is subjected to modification and possible regulation by the ubiquitin-like protein Related to Ubiquitin in vivo. Together with the presence of large numbers of BTB proteins with diverse structural features and expression patterns, our data suggest that Arabidopsis has conserved AtCUL3-RBX1-BTB protein E3 ubiquitin ligases to target diverse protein substrates for degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway.
Improved analgesia with clonidine when added to local anesthetic during combined spinal‐epidural anesthesia for hip arthroplasty: a double‐blind, randomized and placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Dobrydnjov I. , Axelsson K. , Gupta A. , Lundin A. , Holmström B. , Granath B. 
Published: March 2005

Background:  The perioperative effects of intrathecal and epidural clonidine combined with local anesthetic were evaluated in 60 patients undergoing hip arthroplasty.Methods:  This was a double‐blinded study and the patients were randomized into three groups, with 20 patients in each group. All patients received spinal anesthesia with 17.5 mg of plain bupivacaine with 15 µg of clonidine (Group BC‐RC) or without clonidine (Groups B‐R and B‐RC). Postoperatively, epidural infusion was administered in the following way: Group B‐R – ropivacaine 4 mg h−1; Groups B‐RC and BC‐RC: ropivacaine 4 mg h−1 and clonidine 40 µg h−1. Sensory block was assessed with light touch, pinprick, transcutaneous electrical stimulation at T12 and L2 dermatomes, and perception of thermal stimuli.Results:  The maximal upper level of sensory block measured by pin‐prick (T6–T7) did not differ between the groups while the partial sensory block for cold and warmth were increased two dermatomes above pin‐prick level in the group with intrathecal clonidine compared to the other two groups (P < 0.05). Duration of anesthesia, analgesia and motor block were longer in Group BC‐RC compared to Groups B‐R and B‐RC (P < 0.02). Postoperatively, both VAS score on movement and PCA‐morphine consumption were higher in Group B‐R than in Groups B‐RC and BC‐RC (P < 0.01). The arterial pressure and heart rate in Groups B‐RC and BC‐RC were significantly lower than in Group B‐R at 10–24 and 15–24 h, respectively, after spinal injection.Conclusion:  Low‐dose intrathecal clonidine provided a better quality of anesthesia and longer‐lasting analgesia. Epidural clonidine‐ropivacaine infusion resulted in improved postoperative analgesia but was associated with a moderate decrease in blood pressure.