bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐(Arylsulfonyl)trihaloacetimidoyl Chlorides and Their Reactions with Phosphites
Authors: Rassukana Yuliya V. , Onys’ko Petro P. , Grechukha Anatolii G. , Sinitsa Anatolii D. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe have developed a convenient synthetic approach to highly reactive N‐(arylsulfonyl)trichloro‐ and ‐trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides 2 by reacting the corresponding N‐acylsulfonamides with PCl5. The interaction of the imidoyl chlorides with phosphites proceeds through different pathways depending on the substituents in the reagents, and leads to N‐arylsulfonyl‐N‐trichlorovinylphosphoramidates 4, 1‐arylsulfonylamino‐1‐chlorotrifluoroethylphosphonate 5, C,N‐bis(phosphorylated) N‐dihalovinylsulfonamides 8 and α‐(arylsulfonylamino)trifluoroethylidenebis(phosphonates) 10. A rare example of an aza‐Perkow reaction involving a trifluoromethyl group was discovered. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Novel DNA‐Damaging Tropolone Derivatives from Goupia glabra
Authors: Mesa‐Siverio Dulce , Estévez‐Braun Ana , Ravelo Ángel G. , Murguia Jose R. , Rodríguez‐Afonso Abigail 
Published: October 2003

AbstractTwo novel tropolone derivatives 1 and 2 have been isolated from Goupia glabra. Their structures were determined by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. Compound 2 constitutes the first example isolated from a natural source of a Diels−Alder adduct between a tropolone and a naphthalene derivative. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit significant toxicity towards a panel of DNA damage checkpoint defective yeast mutants, and behave as genotoxins, which highlights their potential to be used as anticancer drugs. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Proximate, “Parallel‐In‐Plane” Preoriented Bis(diazenes) − In‐Plane Delocalized Bis(homoconjugated) 4N/5(6)e Anions
Authors: Beckmann Eberhard , Bahr Nicolaus , Cullmann Oliver , Yang Fushun , Kegel Markus , Vögtle Markus , Exner Kai , Keller Manfred , Knothe Lothar , Prinzbach Horst 
Published: October 2003

AbstractSynthetic details are presented for a series of more or less rigid, “parallel‐in‐plane” preoriented bis(diazenes), with N=N/N=N distances (d) of 3.3−2.9 Å and interorbital angles (ψ) of 142−164° (X‐ray crystal structures). DFT calculations (B3LYP/6−31G*) and one‐/two‐electron reduction experiments with the two least preoriented, most “distant” bis(diazenes) (dN=N/N=Nca. 3.3 Å; ψ 142−146°) provide more insight into the structural prerequisites for bis(homoconjugative) in‐plane electron delocalization in 4N/5e radical anions and 4N/6e dianions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
2,3‐Diferrocenylcyclopropenone: Synthesis, Structure, and Some Chemical and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Klimova Elena I. , Klimova Berestneva Tatiana , Ramirez Lena Ruiz , Cinquantini Arnaldo , Corsini Maddalena , Zanello Piero , Hernández‐Ortega Simón , García Marcos Martínez 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAlkylation of ferrocene with tetrachlorocyclopropene in the presence of AlCl3 followed by aqueous workup affords 2,3‐diferrocenylcyclopropenone in high yield. We have studied some of this ketone’s chemical transformations and electrochemical properties. 2,3‐Diferrocenylcyclopropenone withstands thermolysis; it is stable in an acidic medium; the action of tetrafluoroboric acid−diethyl ether results in the formation of diferrocenyl(hydroxy)cyclopropenylium tetrafluoroborate; nucleophiles, including methyllithium and lithium aluminum hydride, react regioselectively with the three‐membered ring by opening it to form the respective substituted cis‐diferrocenylethenes. We present data from X‐ray diffraction analyses of 2,3‐diferrocenylcyclopropenone, isopropyl cis‐2,3‐diferrocenylacrylate, and cis‐3,4‐diferrocenyl‐2‐methylbut‐3‐en‐2‐ol. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Protection of Hydroxy Groups with Diphenylmethyl and 9‐Fluorenyl Trichloroacetimidates − Effect on Anomeric Stereocontrol
Authors: Ali Ibrahim A. I. , Ashry El Sayed H. El , Schmidt Richard R. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe use of O‐diphenylmethyl (DPM) and the O‐(9‐fluorenyl) (Fl) trichloroacetimidates permitted efficient protection of alcohols. The compatibility of these groups with other chemical manipulations is demonstrated. Glucosylation of typical acceptors with an O‐glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate as donor having a DPM group at 2‐O afforded β‐glucopyranosides, thus demonstrating anchimeric assistance of the DPM group in the anomeric stereocontrol. This effect was also observed in mannopyranoside synthesis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Synthesis and Chemical Reactivity of α‐Oxo Aldehyde‐Supported Silicas
Authors: Kar Samiran , Joly Pascal , Granier Michel , Melnyk Oleg , Durand Jean‐Olivier 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe synthesis and characterisation of α‐oxo aldehyde‐supported silicas by the sol‐gel procedure is described. The glyoxylyl group was generated after gelation, either by periodic oxidation of gluconamide chains or by deprotection of a diisopropylthioacetal‐protected derivative. The accessibility and reactivity of the supported α‐oxo aldehyde function was investigated in model reactions with hydroxylamine and hydrazine derivatives. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Formation, Isolation, and Spectroscopic Properties of Some Isomers of C60H38, C60H40, C60H42, and C60H44 − Analysis of the Effect of the Different Shapes of Various Helium‐Containing Hydrogenated Fullerenes on Their 3He Chemical Shifts
Authors: Peera Asghar , Saini Rajesh K. , Alemany Lawrence B. , Billups W. Edward , Saunders Martin , Khong Anthony , Syamala M. S. , Cross R. James 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA complex mixture of C60H38 to C60H44 has been prepared by a much milder procedure (Benkeser reduction) than the hydrogenation procedures that have frequently been used to produce such highly hydrogenated derivatives of C60. 1H and 13C NMR spectra of fractions isolated by HPLC showed that more highly hydrogenated fullerenes exhibited signals that were shifted upfield. The opposite trend appears to hold in 3He NMR spectra of the corresponding endohedral helium compounds. The changes in the 1H, 13C, and 3He chemical shifts are reasonable for fullerenes hydrogenated to different extents. In particular, previously reported substantial changes in the shapes of the various hydrogenated fullerenes can reasonably account for the interesting trends apparent both in the 3He chemical shifts of He@C60Hx (x = 0−44) and in the HPLC retention times of the corresponding non‐helium‐containing species. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
BF3‐Promoted Reactions of Cyclic 1,2‐Diketones and Paraformaldehyde − New Structural Motifs by Multiple Hydroxymethylation and Acetal Formation
Authors: Löbel Johannes , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Bach Thorsten 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe BF3‐promoted reaction of paraformaldehyde with the cyclic 1,2‐diketones1,3,8and10was studied. Under identical reaction conditions, the substrates yielded structurally different products depending on their ring size. 1,2‐Cyclopentanedione (3a) was converted into the spiro compound4(49%) whereas its 3‐methyl analog3bgave a butterfly‐like compound5b(56%). A structurally related compound2was obtained (84%) by the reaction of 1,2‐cyclohexanedione (1) with paraformaldehyde. 1,2‐Cycloheptanedione (8) yielded the simple tricyclic acetal9(72%) whereas 1,2‐cyclooctanedione (10) underwent a twofold hydroxymethylation in the α‐ and α′‐positions yielding the acetal11(53%). The structures of all new compounds were proven by NMR experiments and X‐ray crystallography. The mechanism of product formation is discussed based on steric and electronic arguments. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Preparation of N‐Glycosylhydroxylamines and Their Oxidation to Nitrones for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Isoxazolidines
Authors: Cicchi Stefano , Marradi Marco , Corsi Massimo , Faggi Cristina , Goti Andrea 
Published: October 2003

AbstractN‐benzyl‐ and N‐methyl‐N‐glycosylhydroxylamines 3a−i were conveniently obtained by reaction of sugars with N‐substituted hydroxylamines according to a novel procedure. Subsequent oxidation occurred at the alkyl group, selectively affording the corresponding C‐phenyl‐ and C‐unsubstituted N‐glycosylnitrones. C‐phenyl‐N‐glycosylnitrones 10 and 13 underwent highly stereoselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with dimethyl maleate, with the sugar moiety acting as a chiral auxiliary. Final removal of the glycosyl moiety afforded enantiopure enantiomeric isoxazolidines 17 and ent‐17 which are oxa‐analogues of proline diester derivatives. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Pyridyl Phosphinites and Pyridyl Phosphites from Chiral Pyridyl Alcohols — A Modular Approach
Authors: Rahm Fredrik , Fischer Andreas , Moberg Christina 
Published: October 2003

AbstractChiral arylated pyridyl alcohols, pyridyl phosphinites and pyridyl phosphites were prepared by Suzuki arylation and/or O‐functionalization with a chlorodiarylphosphane or a chlorodiarylphosphite of chiral 2‐bromo‐6‐(1‐hydroxyalkyl)pyridines or 2‐(1‐hydroxyalkyl)pyridines, with the chirality originating from the chiral pool. The pyridyl alcohols were assessed as catalysts for the addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde and the P,N‐ligands were employed in the palladium‐catalysed substitutions of rac‐1,3‐diphenyl‐2‐propenyl acetate and rac‐2‐cyclohexenyl acetate with dimethyl malonate. Moderate enantioselectivities were observed in the catalytic reactions. We observed kinetic resolution of the racemic acetate when using one of the phosphite ligands. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Pd‐Assisted Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles
Authors: Balme Geneviève , Bossharth Emmanuel , Monteiro Nuno 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis review highlights some remarkable recently made achievements in the application of palladium‐mediated processes to the design of multicomponent one‐pot syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. Palladium‐catalysed cascade reactions are surveyed, together with processes based on sequential, one‐pot performance of individual transformations in which at least one is catalysed by palladium. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
A Photophysical and Electrochemical Investigation on a Phenylacetylene Macrocycle Containing Two 2,2′‐Bipyridine Units, Its Protonated Forms, and RuII and OsII Complexes
Authors: Venturi Margherita , Marchioni Filippo , Balzani Vincenzo , Opris Dorina M. , Henze Oliver , Schlüter A. Dieter 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe phenylacetylene macrocycle 1, which incorporates two 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) chelating units in opposite sites in its shape‐persistent structure, shows an intense absorption band in the UV spectral region (λmax = 305 nm, ϵmax = 118000 M−1cm−1) and a very strong fluorescence band in dichloromethane solution (λmax = 381 nm, τ = 0.8 ns, Φ = 0.9). Upon titration with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, the two bpy units are independently protonated with formation of a [1.2H]2+ species that shows a new absorption band with λmax = 355 nm (ϵmax = 42000 M−1cm−1) and a weak fluorescence (λmax = 520 nm). The dinuclear [(bpy)2Ru(1)Ru(bpy)2]4+ and [(bpy)2Os(1)Os(bpy)2]4+ complexes do not show any ligand‐centred emission and exhibit absorption and emission bands in the visible region {[(bpy)2Ru(1)Ru(bpy)2]4+, absorption: λmax = 453 nm, ϵmax = 19000 M−1cm−1; emission: λmax = 625 nm, τ = 792 ns, Φ = 0.05; [(bpy)2Os(1)Os(bpy)2]4+ absorption: λmax = 488 nm, ϵmax = 15500 M−1cm−1; emission: λmax = 740 nm, τ = 59 ns, Φ = 0.003}. The photophysical behaviour of the macrocyclic ligand 1 and the dinuclear complexes at 77 K has also been investigated. The electrochemical properties of 1, the model compound ligand 3 and bpy ligand were investigated in purified tetrahydrofuran under vacuum conditions. The electrochemical behaviour of the dinuclear complexes was studied in argon‐purged dichloromethane and compared with that of the model compounds [Ru(bpy)2(3)]2+, [Ru(bpy)3]2+, and [Os(bpy)3]2+. In the dinuclear complexes the two metal centres and the two 2,2′‐bipyridine units of macrocycle 1 behave independently, as shown by the reversible bielectronic processes observed on oxidation and reduction. Both 1 and its dinuclear complexes contain reactive substituents and can therefore be used as starting components for the construction of photo‐ and redox‐active supramolecular species. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
New Diastereoselective Route to 2‐Substituted cis‐(2S,5S)‐ and trans‐(2S,5R)‐5‐Alkylpyrrolidines as Indolizidine and Pyrrolizidine Scaffolds
Authors: Mota Antonio J. , Chiaroni Angèle , Langlois Nicole 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA new and short stereoselective route to the synthesis of enantiopure cis‐2,5‐disubstituted pyrrolidines as indolizidine or pyrrolizidine scaffolds has been developed. The method, which uses (S)‐pyroglutamic acid as a chiral starting material, is based on the ring opening of N‐protected γ‐lactams by alkyl phenyl sulfone carbanions, followed by desulfonylation and reductive amination of alkyl γ‐amino ketones. The diastereoselectivity depends on the substitution of the starting γ‐lactams, and on the alkyl group of the phenyl sulfone. Total cis diastereoselectivity was observed in the formation of tert‐butyl 5‐alkylprolinates. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Synthesis and Reactions of (2,2,2‐Trifluoroethyl)triphenylphosphonium Trifluoromethanesulfonate
Authors: Hanamoto Takeshi , Morita Noriko , Shindo Keiko 
Published: October 2003

Abstract(2,2,2‐Trifluoroethyl)triphenylphosphonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate) (1) was readily synthesized in high yield from triphenylphosphane and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl triflate. The Wittig olefination of 1 with aromatic aldehydes bearing electron‐withdrawing groups with CsF as a base in DMF proceeded cleanly, producing the corresponding 3,3,3‐trifluoropropenylidene compounds in good yields. On the other hand, the hydrolysis of 1 in methanol containing sodium hydroxide gave (2,2‐dimethoxyvinyl)triphenylphosphonium triflate (6a) in high yield instead of the corresponding (2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)diphenylphosphane oxide. Furthermore, reactions between 1 and secondary amines exclusively gave the novel (Z)‐(2‐amino‐2‐fluorovinyl)triphenylphosphonium triflates (10) in high yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Synthesis of Racemic and Enantiomerically Pure (R*,R*,R*)‐Tris(α‐methylbenzyl)phosphane − X‐ray Crystal Structures of the Phosphane Oxides and Borane Complexes
Authors: Wyatt Paul , Eley Helen , Charmant Jonathan , Daniel Berian J. , Kantacha Anob 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAn asymmetric synthesis of C3‐symmetric phosphane 1 has been achieved. Two of the α‐methylbenzyl groups were introduced as nucleophiles (using an α‐methylbenzyl Grignard reagent), and asymmetry was introduced by resolution using (R)‐α‐methylbenzylamine. The final α‐methylbenzyl group was introduced as an electrophile (α‐methylbenzyl iodide) in a modestly selective reaction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Dihydropyrans by Heterocycloaddition of a Supported Vinyl Ether: Progress in Functional Diversity
Authors: Arboré Amélie , Dujardin Gilles , Maignan Christian 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe carboxypolystyrene‐bound vinyl ether of 1,4‐butanediol smoothly underwent an efficient endo‐selective hetero‐Diels−Alder reaction, under Lewis‐acid conditions, with heterodienes bearing methyl ester, trifluoromethyl and para‐tolylsulfinylmethyl groups at the C‐2 position. Reductive cleavage of the supported adducts afforded functionalized dihydropyrans, which are of particular interest for diversity‐oriented parallel synthesis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Research Project into the Aminolysis of β‐Lactam Antibiotics: The Importance of Bifunctional Catalysis
Authors: Díaz Natalia , Suárez Dimas , Sordo Tomás L. , Méndez Rosa , Villacorta Javier Martín 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis paper reports the results of experimental work on the aminolysis of penicillin (6‐APA) and monobactam (aztreonam) antibiotics by propylamine or ethanolamine. In general, aztreonam is slightly more reactive than 6‐APA, despite the common assumption that the amide bond should be less activated in monobactams. Intriguingly, when ethanolamine acts as the nucleophile, the corresponding rate law has a kinetic term proportional to [RNH2][RNH3+]. To complement the experimental observations, the rate‐determining free energy barriers in aqueous solution for various mechanistic pathways were computed by standard quantum chemical methodologies. From previous theoretical work it was assumed that the aminolysis of β‐lactams proceeds through mechanisms in which either a water molecule or a second amine molecule may act as bifunctional catalysts, assisting proton transfer from the attacking amine molecule to the leaving amino group. The energy barriers as computed have moderate values (ca. 26−34 kcal·mol−1) and reproduce most of the experimentally observed kinetic trends. Furthermore, the calculations predict that positively charged ethanolamine molecules can act as bifunctional catalysts as well, thus explaining the presence of the kinetic term proportional to [RNH2][RNH3+] in the rate law. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
A Highly Efficient and Chemoselective Synthetic Protocol for Tetrahydropyranylation/Depyranylation of Alcohols and Phenols
Authors: Khan Abu T. , Mondal Ejabul , Borah Ballav M. , Ghosh Subrata 
Published: October 2003

AbstractVarious alcohols and phenols can be converted efficiently to the corresponding tetrahydropyranyl (THP) ethers in good yields using catalytic amounts of bromodimethylsulfonium bromide (0.005−0.02 equivalent) at room temperature. On the other hand, various THP ethers can also be deprotected to the parent alcoholic or phenolic compounds in CH2Cl2/MeOH (5:2) by employing 0.05 equivalent of the same catalyst. Some of the major advantages of this procedure are its mild conditions, that it is highly selective and efficient, high yielding, and cost‐effective, that it needs no solvent and is compatible with the presence of other protecting groups. Furthermore, no brominations occur at a double or triple bond, at an allylic position or even at an aromatic ring. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Relative Stabilities of Spirocyclopropanated Cyclopropyl Cations
Authors: Kozhushkov Sergei I. , Späth Thomas , Kosa Monica , Apeloig Yitzhak , Yufit Dmitrii S. , de Meijere Armin 
Published: October 2003

AbstractDispiro[2.0.2.1]hept‐1‐yl triflate (3), 7‐bromo‐7‐phenyldispiro[2.0.2.1]heptane (4) and 7‐chloro‐7‐phenylsulfanyldispiro[2.0.2.1]heptane (6) were prepared from bicyclopropylidene (5) in 50, 77 and 90% overall yield, respectively. 7‐Bromo‐7‐cyclopropyldispiro[2.0.2.1]heptane (8) and 7‐bromo‐7‐methyldispiro[2.0.2.1]heptane (11) were obtained by hydrobromination of 7‐cyclopropylidene‐ (7) and 7‐methylenedispiro[2.0.2.1]heptane (10) (78 and 95% yield, respectively). Methanolyses of triangulane derivatives4,6, and8as well as acetolysis of6all proceed with retention of the dispiro[2.0.2.1]heptane skeleton yielding the corresponding 7‐substituted 7‐methoxydispiro[2.0.2.1]heptanes15,21, and23as well as 7‐acetoxy‐7‐phenylsulfanyldispiro[2.0.2.1]heptane22in 90, 100, 100 and 88% yield, respectively. Methanolysis of 1‐bromo‐1‐cyclopropylcyclopropane (24) also gave mainly the ring‐retained product25(66%) along with the ring‐opened product26(33%). Apparently, an increasing number of spiro‐annelated three‐membered rings stabilizes a cyclopropyl cation against ring opening under solvolysis conditions. The rate of solvolysis, however, is only slightly affected by this spiroannelation, as the rate coefficient for the triflate3in sodium acetate‐buffered methanol was determined to bek= 3.5 × 10−4s−1at 50 °C and 1.6 × 10−4s−1at 40 °C which is virtually the same as that for cyclopropyl triflate itself (4.02 × 10−4s−1at 70 °C in acetone/H2O 3:2). No reaction was observed for the bromotriangulane11in pure methanol, and solvolysis of11in aqueous methanol only led to products27−30which were formed by ring‐enlarging and ring‐opening rearrangements of the initially formed 7‐dispiro[2.0.2.1]heptyl cation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Regioselective Friedel−Crafts Alkylation of Anilines and Amino‐Substituted Heteroarenes with Hexafluoroacetone Sesquihydrate
Authors: Masciadri Raffaello , Kamer Matthias , Nock Nadine 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA variety of arenes, including anilines, pyrroles, indoles, aminooxazoles, aminothiazoles, aminoquinolines, and aminopyridines, underwent regioselective Friedel−Crafts alkylation in neat hexafluoroacetone sesquihydrate in a broad range of temperatures, reaction times, and yields (2%−94%) depending strongly on the electron density of the substrate. Prior N,N‐dibenzylation of aniline and 2‐aminopyridine strongly promoted substrate reactivity and resulted in higher yields (> 80%). The described Friedel−Crafts alkylations in hexafluoroacetone sesquihydrate occurred regioselectively at the para‐positions of anilines or at the positions β to the sp2‐hybridized nitrogen atom in heteroarenes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Cover Picture: Pd‐Assisted Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 21/2003)
Authors: Balme Geneviève , Bossharth Emmanuel , Monteiro Nuno 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe cover picture shows the Pd‐assisted assembly of a furo[2,3‐b]pyridone through the sequential one‐pot coupling of three readily available starting materials: a 4‐alkoxy‐3‐iodo‐2‐pyridone, a terminal alkyne, and an aryl iodide. In this process a single palladium catalyst intervenes in three different transformations acting alternatively as an organometallic reagent or as a Lewis acid. Other remarkable examples illustrating the outstanding potential of Pd‐catalysed processes for the development of multicomponent syntheses of heterocyclic compounds are discussed in the Microreview by G. Balme, E. Bossharth and N. Monteiro on p. 4101 ff.
Nickel‐Based Thick Film Ethanol Sensor
Authors: Lee Yuan Gee , Chou Tse‐Chuan 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThick films ethanol sensors were prepared. The composition of the electrode was measured qualitatively to consist of Ni, O, Al, Mg and Pb. Among these composing elements, it was found that only the nickel could sense the ethanol. Both the infrared (IR) spectrum and cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests were employed to investigate its derivatives in the sensing reaction. It was found that the derivatives presented as adsorbed enol group and β‐ketoaldehyde as enols. Besides, both the redox between Ni(II) and Ni(III), and solid‐state electrochemical reactions in the electrode were found to occur in this system simultaneously. A linear dependence of response current vs. ethanol concentration with a detection limit of 37 ppm was obtained and the response time was estimated to be 140 seconds in this sensing system.