bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closure of secundum atrial septal defects with the amplatzer septal occluder device: Techniques and problems
Authors: Harper Richard W. , Mottram Philip M. , McGaw David J. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPercutaneous transvenous closure of atrial septal defects (ASDs) has become feasible in recent years, as later‐generation devices have largely overcome initial difficulties in device deployment and complication rates. The Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) is one such device that we have used extensively and is, in our opinion, the most versatile and practical to use. It is capable of closing defects up to 40 mm in diameter via a relatively low‐profile delivery sheath. More importantly, the ASO may be easily withdrawn into the sheath after deployment but prior to release, which is essential in safely closing difficult defects where successful positioning on the initial deployment is not guaranteed. In this article based on our experience, review of the literature, and communications with other operators, we describe the various problems encountered in closing atrial septal defects and make suggestions as to the best way of overcoming these difficulties. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:508–524. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Right coronary artery arising from the pulmonary trunk in a 63‐year‐old man
Authors: Vijitbenjaronk Prasert , Glancy D. Luke , Ferguson T. Bruce , Tan Chun W. , Helmcke Frederick R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractUnlike anomalous origin of the left coronary artery (CA) from the pulmonary trunk (PT), right CA from the PT, a rare congenital malformation, may present in adulthood. We herein describe a man with anomalous origin of the right CA from the PT who presented with angina and syncope at age 63. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:545–547. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interventional treatment of giant pseudoaneurysm with subsequent decompression of internal mammaria bypass
Authors: Hinterseer Martin , Becker Alexander , Steinbigler Peter , Näbauer Michael , Boekstegers Peter 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe present a case of a 38‐year‐old patient with angina after direct current (DC) cardioversion. The patient's medical history included documented coronary heart disease with interventional treatment of the LAD and RCA followed by emergency CABG 6 months ago. On recent admission, the coronary angiography revealed a giant pseudoaneurysm of the left descending coronary artery complicated by compression of LIMA. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully treated with three stent grafts. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:525–528. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracoronary verapamil for reversal of no‐reflow during coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Werner Gerald S. , Lang Klaus , Kuehnert Helmuth , Figulla Hans R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractNo‐reflow is a frequent observation during direct PTCA for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and associated with a poor clinical outcome. This study assesses the value of verapamil for reversal of no‐reflow during PTCA for AMI. In a consecutive series of 212 direct or rescue PTCAs for AMI, a TIMI flow grade < 3 was observed in 23 patients (10.8%). Ten of these patients had received GP IIb/IIIa antagonists before PTCA. Seven patients with AMI and TIMI grade 3 flow served as controls. All lesions were treated by stents. In 18 patients with systolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg, nitroglycerine (0.1 mg i.c.) was given. Verapamil (1 mg over 2 min) was given via an infusion catheter distal to the angioplasty site. Before and after nitroglycerine, after verapamil, and 15 min later coronary flow was assessed by the TIMI frame count method (TFC). Nitroglycerine had no effect on TFC. Verapamil reduced TFC from 56 ± 9 frames to 24 ± 4 (P < 0.001). In controls, TFC did not change significantly. The TIMI flow grade was restored to TIMI flow grade 3 in 65%. In two of seven right coronary and one of three circumflex arteries, intermittent AV block II occurred during verapamil injection, which disappeared after atropine. No‐reflow after PTCA for AMI can be reversed by intracoronary verapamil. This supports the hypothesis that no‐reflow is caused by acute microvascular dysfunction probably because of a disorder in calcium homeostasis or microvascular spasm. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:444–451. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural and functional asymmetry in the normal and epileptic rat dentate gyrus
Authors: Scharfman Helen E. , Sollas Anne L. , Smith Karen L. , Jackson Meyer B. , Goodman Jeffrey H. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe rat dentate gyrus is usually described as relatively homogeneous. Here, we present anatomic and physiological data which demonstrate that there are striking differences between the supra‐ and infrapyramidal blades after status epilepticus and recurrent seizures. These differences appear to be an accentuation of a subtle asymmetry present in normal rats. In both pilocarpine and kainic acid models, there was greater mossy fiber sprouting in the infrapyramidal blade. This occurred primarily in the middle third of the hippocampus. Asymmetric sprouting was evident both with Timm stain as well as antisera to brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or neuropeptide Y (NPY). In addition, surviving NPY‐immunoreactive hilar neurons were distributed preferentially in the suprapyramidal region of the hilus. Extracellular recordings from infrapyramidal sites in hippocampal slices of pilocarpine‐treated rats showed larger population spikes and weaker paired‐pulse inhibition in response to perforant path stimulation relative to suprapyramidal recordings. A single stimulus could evoke burst discharges in infrapyramidal granule cells but not suprapyramidal blade neurons. BDNF exposure led to spontaneous epileptiform discharges that were larger in amplitude and longer lasting in the infrapyramidal blade. Stimulation of the infrapyramidal molecular layer evoked larger responses in area CA3 than suprapyramidal stimulation. In slices from the temporal pole, in which anatomic evidence of asymmetry waned, there was little evidence of physiological asymmetry either. Of interest, some normal rats also showed signs of greater evoked responses in the infrapyramidal blade, and this could be detected with both microelectrode recording and optical imaging techniques. Although there were no signs of hyperexcitability in normal rats, the data suggest that there is some asymmetry in the normal dentate gyrus and this asymmetry is enhanced by seizures. Taken together, the results suggest that supra‐ and infrapyramidal blades of the dentate gyrus could have different circuit functions and that the infrapyramidal blade may play a greater role in activating the hippocampus. J. Comp. Neurol. 454:424–439, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroanatomy of the mormyrid electromotor control system
Authors: Carlson Bruce A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractMormyrid fish produce a diverse range of electric signals that are under the control of a central electromotor network. The anatomical organization of this network was delineated by injecting biotinylated compounds into neurophysiologically identified nuclei. Previous work using retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase indicated that the medullary command nucleus (CN) receives inputs from the precommand nucleus (PCN) at the mesencephalic–diencephalic border and the ventroposterior nucleus (VP) in the torus semicircularis. This study confirms these projections and identifies the dorsal posterior nucleus (DP) in the thalamus as an additional input to CN. DP and PCN form a bilateral column of cells extending ventrolaterally and caudally from the dorsal thalamus. The primary input to DP/PCN is from VP, which is identified as having two distinct subdivisions. A small group of large, multipolar cells along the ventral edge projects to DP/PCN and to CN, whereas a dorsal group of small, ovoid cells projects to DP/PCN but not to CN. VP receives input from the tectum mesencephali and the mesencephalic command‐associated nucleus (MCA). As in all vertebrates, the tectum mesencephali receives input from several sources and likely provides multimodal sensory input to the electromotor system. MCA is part of the electromotor corollary discharge pathway, and its projection to VP suggests a feedback loop. These results, combined with recent physiological studies and comparisons with other taxa, suggest that modifiable feedback to DP/PCN plays a critical role in electromotor control and that the different inputs to CN may each be responsible for generating distinct electric signals. J. Comp. Neurol. 454:440–455, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endomorphin‐1 and ‐2 immunoreactive cells in the hypothalamus are labeled by fluoro‐gold injections to the ventral tegmental area
Authors: Greenwell Thomas N. , Zangen Abraham , Martin‐Schild Sheryl , Wise Roy A. , Zadina James E. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractEndomorphin‐1 and ‐2 (EM1, EM2) are endogenous opioids with high affinity and selectivity for the mu‐opioid receptor. Cells expressing EM‐like immunoreactivity (EM‐LI) are present in the hypothalamus, and fibers containing EM‐LI project to many brain regions, including the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The VTA is one of the most sensitive brain regions for the rewarding and locomotor effects of opioids. It contains mu‐opioid receptors, which are thought to mediate γ‐aminobutyric acid–dependent disinhibition of dopamine transmission to the nucleus accumbens. We investigated whether hypothalamic EM‐LI cells project to the VTA, where they could play a natural role in this circuitry. The retrograde tracer Fluoro‐Gold (FG) was microinjected into the anterior or posterior VTA in rats. Nine days later, colchicine was injected, and 24 hours later, the animals were perfused and processed for fluorescence immunocytochemistry. Numerous FG‐labeled cells were detected in the hypothalamus. Both EM1‐LI and EM2‐LI cells were present in the periventricular nucleus, between the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamus and between the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei. Subpopulations of EM1‐LI and EM2‐LI cells were labeled by FG. Injections of FG to the anterior and posterior VTA were both effective in producing double‐labeled cells, and an anterior–posterior topographical organization between the VTA and hypothalamus was observed. The results support the idea that some endomorphin‐containing neurons in the hypothalamus project to the VTA, where they may modulate reward and locomotor circuitry. J. Comp. Neurol. 454:320–328, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strategies of emotion regulation in adolescents and young adults with substance dependence or eating disorders
Authors: Pierrehumbert Blaise , Bader Michel , Miljkovitch Raphaële , Mazet Philippe , Amar Michel , Halfon Olivier 
Published: December 2002

AbstractSome authors argue that both substance dependence and eating disorders should be considered as dependent behaviours. Similarities and differences between these disorders, however, remain unclear. This study compares processes of emotion regulation in adolescents and young adults (15 to 25 years old) with substance dependence (SD) or eating disorders (ED). One hundred and thirteen SD, 50 ED and 86 non‐clinical subjects (NC), recruited in four French and Swiss locations, completed a self‐report questionnaire of emotion regulation strategies. This questionnaire addresses the subjects' relationships, concerning past and present family, and refers to Main's (1990) concept of primary strategy (balanced activation and deactivation of attachment behaviours), and of secondary strategies (hyperactivation or excessive deactivation of the attachment system). Participants were also questioned in structured interviews, about life events and DSM‐IV classification criteria. SD reported more adverse events than ED and NC. SD and ED reported using fewer primary strategies than NC, and SD had secondary strategies that were different from those of ED. Patients with eating disorders reported more hyperactivation, and SD reported more deactivation of the attachment system. It is hypothesized that while subjects with SD and ED have in common poorly regulated strategies, they differ in the way they process emotion or relationship‐related information. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphogen gradients, positional information, and Xenopus: Interplay of theory and experiment
Authors: Green Jeremy 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe idea of morphogen gradients has long been an important one in developmental biology. Studies with amphibians and with Xenopus in particular have made significant contributions to demonstrating the existence, identity, and mechanisms of action of morphogens. Mesoderm induction and patterning by activin, nodals, bone morphogenetic proteins, and fibroblast growth factors have been analyzed thoroughly and reveal recurrent and combinatorial roles for these protein growth factor morphogens and their antagonists. The dynamics of nodal‐type signaling and the intersection of VegT and β‐catenin intracellular gradients reveal detailed steps in early long‐range patterning. Interpretation of gradients requires sophisticated mechanisms for sharpening thresholds, and the activin‐Xbra‐Gsc system provides an example of this. The understanding of growth factor signal transduction has elucidated growth factor morphogen action and provided tools for dissecting their direct long‐range action and distribution. The physical mechanisms of morphogen gradient establishment are the focus of new interest at both the experimental and theoretical level. General themes and emerging trends in morphogen gradient studies are discussed. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
KATP channel activity is required for hatching in Xenopus embryos
Authors: Cheng Shing‐Ming , Chen Ivy , Levin Michael 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA growing body of work suggests that the activity of ion channels and pumps is an important regulatory factor in embryonic development. We are beginning to identify functional roles for proteins suggested by a survey of expression of ion channel and pump genes in Xenopus and chick embryos (Rutenberg et al. [2002] Dev Dyn 225, this issue). Here, we report that the ATP‐sensitive K+ channel protein is present in the hatching gland of Xenopus embryos; moreover, we show that its activity is necessary for hatching in Xenopus. Pharmacologic inhibition of KATP channels not only specifically prevents the hatching process but also greatly reduces the endogenous expression of Connexin‐30 in the hatching gland. Based on recent work which showed that gap‐junctional communication mediated by Cx30 in the hatching gland was required for secretion of the hatching enzyme, we propose that KATP channel activity is upstream of Cx30 expression and represents a necessary endogenous step in the hatching of the Xenopus embryo. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Xenopus bagpipe‐related gene, koza, may play a role in regulation of cell proliferation
Authors: Newman Craig S. , Krieg Paul A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe homeobox gene koza is a new member of the vertebrate bagpipe‐related gene family. Embryonic expression of koza is observed at highest levels in the muscle layer of the somites and, during later development, is restricted to the lateral somitic cells, which correspond to slow twitch muscle tissue. Expression of koza is also observed in the myocardial layer of the heart and in the cement gland. In each of these tissues, koza transcription commences only after the expression of terminal differentiation markers. By injection of synthetic mRNA, we show that overexpression of koza leads to an apparent decrease in the number of cells in the somites. No reduction in cell number is observed when koza is present in neural tissues, suggesting that koza exhibits some tissue specificity in regulation of cell proliferation. Embryonic manipulations show that restriction of koza expression to the slow twitch muscle layer is independent of axial structures but is, at least partly, regulated by signals arising in ectodermal tissue. Finally, in Drosophila, bagpipe expression is regulated by the hedgehog signaling pathway. By using ectopic expression, we show that koza transcription is positively regulated by banded hedgehog. This result indicates that regulation of bagpipe expression by hedgehog signaling is evolutionarily conserved. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Xenopus tropicalis transgenic lines and their use in the study of embryonic induction
Authors: Hirsch Nicolas , Zimmerman Lyle B. , Gray Jessica , Chae Jeiwook , Curran Kristen L. , Fisher Marilyn , Ogino Hajime , Grainger Robert M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractFor over a century, amphibian embryos have been a source of significant insight into developmental mechanisms, including fundamental discoveries about the process of induction. The recently developed transgenesis for Xenopus offers new approaches to these poorly understood processes, particularly when undertaken in the quickly maturing species Xenopus tropicalis, which greatly facilitates establishment of permanent transgenic lines. Several X. tropicalis transgenic lines have now been generated, and experiments demonstrating the value of these lines to study induction in embryonic tissue recombinants and explants are presented here. A revised protocol for transgenesis in X. tropicalis resulting in a significant increase in the percentage of transgenic animals that reach adulthood is presented, as well as improvements in tadpole and froglet husbandry, which have facilitated the raising of large numbers of adults. Working transgenic populations have been rapidly expanded, and some transgenes have been bred to homozygosity. Established lines include those bearing the promoter regions of Pax‐6, Otx‐2, Rx, and EF1α coupled to fluorescent reporter genes. Multireporter lines combining, in a single animal, up to three gene promoters coupled to different fluorescent reporters have also been established. The value of X. tropicalis transgenic lines for the study of induction is demonstrated by showing activation of Pax‐6 by noggin treatment of Pax‐6/GFP transgenic animal caps, illustrating how reporter lines allow a rapid, in vivo assay for an inductive response. An experiment showing lens induction in gamma‐crystallin/GFP transgenic lens ectoderm when it is recombined with mouse optic vesicle demonstrates conservation of inducing signals from amphibians and mammals. It also shows how the warmer culture temperatures tolerated by X. tropicalis embryos can be used in assays of factors produced by mammalian cells and tissues. The many applications of transgenic reporter lines and other lines designed to target gene expression in particular tissues promise to bring significant new insights to the classic issues first defined in amphibian systems. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation and characterization of Xenopus Hey‐1: A downstream mediator of Notch signaling
Authors: Rones M.S. , Woda J. , Mercola M. , McLaughlin K.A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractRegulation of Notch signaling likely occurs, at least in part, at the level of basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factors that function downstream of Suppressor of Hairless (Su(H)) in the Notch pathway. To begin to characterize modulation of Notch signaling during organogenesis, we examined the bHLH transcription factor, XHey‐1 (hairy related‐1) in early Xenopus laevis embryos. XHey‐1 is expressed in numerous tissues during early development including the somites, head, embryonic kidneys, and heart. Importantly, the expression of XHey‐1 was significantly altered in response to perturbation of Notch signaling by means of inducible constructs that served to either activate or suppress Notch signaling through Su(H) in a temporally controlled manner. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression patterns of focal adhesion associated proteins in the developing retina
Authors: Li Ming , Sakaguchi Donald S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAdhesive interactions between integrin receptors and the extracellular matrix (ECM) are intimately involved in regulating development of a variety of tissues within the organism. In the present study, we have investigated the relationships between β1 integrin receptors and focal adhesion associated proteins during eye development. We used specific antibodies to examine the distribution of β1 integrin ECM receptors and the cytoplasmic focal adhesion associated proteins, talin, vinculin, and paxillin in the developing Xenopus retina. Immunoblot analysis confirmed antibody specificity and indicated that β1 integrins, talin, vinculin, and paxillin were expressed in developing retina and in the retinal‐derived Xenopus XR1 glial cell line. Triple‐labeling immunocytochemistry revealed that talin, vinculin, paxillin, and phosphotyrosine proteins colocalized with β1 integrins at focal adhesions located at the termini of F‐actin filaments in XR1 cells. In the retina, these focal adhesion proteins exhibited developmentally regulated expression patterns during eye morphogenesis. In the embryonic retina, immunoreactivities for focal adhesion proteins were expressed in neuroepithelial cells, and immunoreactivity was especially strong at the interface between the optic vesicle and overlying ectoderm. At later stages, these proteins were expressed throughout all retinal layers with higher levels of expression observed in the plexiform layers, optic fiber layer, and in the region of the inner and outer limiting membrane. Strong immunoreactivities for β1 integrin, paxillin, and phosphotyrosine were expressed in the radially oriented Müller glial cells at later stages of development. These results suggest that focal adhesion‐associated proteins are involved in integrin‐mediated adhesion and signaling and are likely to be essential in regulating retinal morphogenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formation of a full complement of cranial proprioceptors requires multiple neurotrophins
Authors: Fan Guoping , Copray Sjef , Huang Eric J. , Jones Kevin , Yan Qiao , Walro Jon , Jaenisch Rudolf , Kucera Jan 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Developmental Dynamics 218:359–370 Developmental Dynamics(2000) 218(2) 359–370The corresponding author of this article regrets that information regarding the grant sponsors was inadvertently left out of the sponsor citations. The author would like to acknowledge that the published research was carried out at the Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02130, and was supported by a Merit Review Award from the VA Medical Research Service.
Geophysical indicators of culturally emplaced soils and sediments
Authors: Dalan Rinita A. , Bevan Bruce W. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractArchaeologists dealing with earthen forms must distinguish those constructed by humans from those with a natural origin. Geophysical techniques can help identify culturally loaded soils and sediments. We suggest that intrinsic changes in geophysical properties, due to cultural loading, can serve as fingerprints in determining whether a mound or other earthen form is natural or culturally constructed. Culturally emplaced soils might be identified through anomalous values in geophysical properties or through unusual spatial or stratigraphic complexity. The identification of this “lumpiness” in geophysical properties may involve geophysical techniques quite different from those employed in traditional archaeogeophysical surveys. Experiments at three prehistoric mound sites (the Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, Effigy Mounds National Monument, and the Hopeton Earthwork) illustrate a number of these techniques including studies of the anisotropy (directionality) of geophysical properties, seismic Rayleigh (surface) waves, and magnetic susceptibility. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.