bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of anlotinib in Chinese patients with metastatic breast cancer: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Liu Shuochuan , Zhi Wenxiang , Zhang Lu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAnlotinib, a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, can inhibit tumour angiogenesis proliferation, metastasis, promote vascular normalization, increase T cell and NK cell activity and infiltration, remodel tumour microenvironment and synergistic immune enhancement. Our study aimes to evaluate the efficacy of anlotinib in the treatment of advanced metastatic breast cancer (MBC) after multiple lines of therapy. Patients included were treated with anlotinib for advanced MBC in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 1 January 2019 to 30 June 2023. The objective remission rate, disease‐free progression survival and adverse reactions were analysed. We compared and analysed the efficacy of anlotinib in the treatment of advanced metastatic breast cancer, which showed that ORR was 23.6% and DCR was 69.1%. The DCR of monotherapy was 66.7% and that of combination therapy was 69.6% in MBC patients. The combination therapy, combined with chemotherapy had the best effect (79.3%), combined with immunotherapy came second. In addition, the DCR (88.9%) was higher in MBC patients having received prior antiangiogenic therapy. According to the Kaplan–Meier (K‐M) survival estimate analysis, the mPFS was 4.17 months (95% CI, 1.758–6.582 months) in Her‐2 positive MBC patients, and 7.83 months (95% CI, 2.416–9.104) in Her‐2 negative MBC patients. The mPFS was 5.76 months (95% CI, 3.231–8.298 m) in HR positive MBC patients, 7.83 months (95% CI, 3.182–12.478 m) in TNBC patients. Fatigue (20.0%), hypertension (21.8%) and liver dysfunction (18.2%) were common adverse reactions, followed by bone marrow suppression (16.4%), anorexia (14.5%), hypothyroidism (14.5%) and diarrhoea (14.5%). Altogether, Anlotinib monotherapy or combination therapy provides a viable third (or above)‐line therapeutic strategy in patients with metastatic breast cancer. The adverse reactions of anlotinib are well tolerated and controllable.
Where you live matters: visualizing environmental effects on reading attainment
Authors: Shero Jeffrey A. , Erbeli Florina , Reed Zoe E. , Haughbrook Rasheda , Davis Oliver S. P. , Hart Sara A. , Taylor Jeanette E. 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThe way in which socioeconomic status (SES) moderates the etiology of reading attainment has been explored many times, with past work often finding that genetic influences are suppressed under conditions of socioeconomic deprivation and more fully realized under conditions of socioeconomic advantage: a gene–SES interaction. Additionally, past work has pointed toward the presence of gene–location interactions, with the relative influence of genes and environment varying across geographic regions of the same country/state.MethodThis study investigates the extent to which SES and geographical location interact to moderate the genetic and environmental components of reading attainment. Utilizing data from 2,135 twin pairs in Florida (mean age 13.82 years, range 10.71–17.77), the study operationalized reading attainment as reading comprehension scores from a statewide test and SES as household income. We applied a spatial twin analysis procedure to investigate how twin genetic and environmental estimates vary by geographic location. We then expanded this analysis to explore how the moderating role of SES on said genetic and environmental influences also varied by geographic location.ResultsA gene–SES interaction was found, with heritability of reading being suppressed in lower‐ (23%) versus higher‐SES homes (78%). The magnitude of the moderating parameters were not consistent by location, however, and ranged from −0.10 to 0.10 for the moderating effect on genetic influences, and from −0.30 to 0.05 for the moderating effect on environmental influences. For smaller areas and those with less socioeconomic variability, the magnitude of the genetic moderating parameter was high, giving rise to more fully realized genetic influences on reading there.ConclusionsSES significantly influences reading variability. However, a child's home location matters in both the overall etiology and how strongly SES moderates said etiologies. These results point toward the presence of multiple significant environmental factors that simultaneously, and inseparably, influence the underlying etiology of reading attainment.
Chronic care for heart failure patients: Who to refer back to the general practitioner?—Experiences of the Dutch integrated heart failure care model
Authors: Vester Marijke , Beeres Saskia , Lucas Carolien , van Pol Petra , Schalij Martin , Bonten Tobias , van Dijkman Paul , Tops Laurens 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe number of patients with heart failure (HF) and corresponding burden of the healthcare system will increase significantly. The Dutch integrated model, ‘Transmural care of HF Patients’ was based on the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines and initiated to manage the increasing prevalence of HF patients in primary and secondary care and stimulate integrated care. It is unknown how many HF patients are eligible for back‐referral to general practitioners (GPs), which is important information for the management of chronic HF care. This study aims to evaluate clinical practice of patients for whom chronic HF care can be referred from the cardiologist to the GP based on the aforementioned chronic HF care model.Design and MethodsA retrospective case record‐based study was conducted, which included all chronic HF patients registered in the cardiology information systems of two different hospitals. Subsequently, 200 patients were randomly selected for evaluation. The following patients were considered eligible for referral to the GP: 1/Stable HF patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 2/Stable HF patients with a recovered LVEF and 3/Stable HF patients with a preserved LVEF, 4/HF, palliative setting.ResultsOf the 200 patients, 17% was considered eligible for referral to the GP. This group consisted of 5% patients with a reduced LVEF, 10.5% patients with recovered LVEF and 1.5% patients with a preserved LVEF. Main indicators for HF care by cardiologists were active cardiac disease other than HF (39.5%), recent admission for HF (29.5%) or a recent adjustment in HF medication (7.5%).ConclusionApplying the chronic HF care model of the ‘Transmural care of HF patients’ and the ESC‐guidelines, results in an important opportunity to further optimise HF integrated care and to deal with the increasing number of HF patients referred to the hospital.
A systematic review of associations between day‐to‐day variability in meal pattern and body weight, components of the metabolic syndrome and cognitive function
Authors: Ali Midad A. , Macdonald Ian A. , Taylor Moira A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMeal pattern is a potential health determinant. Previously, mean values for properties of meal pattern, such as daily meal frequency, have been considered. Means, however, obscure variability between‐day (irregular or chaotic eating). This systematic review aimed to identify and critique published methods used to characterise between‐day variability in meal pattern, and to explore relationships between this and obesity, as well as associated health outcomes.MethodsUsing relevant databases, a systematic search was undertaken for studies with adults and children in which between‐day variability in meal pattern was measured, and related to body weight, metabolic syndrome components and cognitive function.ResultsIn 34 papers identified (28 observational and six intervention studies), between‐day variability in meal pattern was characterised by a variety of methods. These ranged from single questions about intake regularity to more complex methods quantifying the degree of variability. Assumptions were made, such as there being three main meals, resulting in dissociation from the “clock time” of eating. In 24 of the papers, between‐day variability in meal pattern was associated with negative weight and health outcomes including higher weight, reduced thermogenic response to meals and poorer academic achievement.ConclusionsBetween‐day variability in meal pattern is a promising research area that might inform low‐cost public health interventions. However, current methods of characterising between‐day variability tend to make assumptions and be inconsistent in the meal pattern properties considered. Well controlled dietary intervention studies are required to confirm causation.
Cohabiting couple's economic organization and marriage patterns across social classes
Authors: McErlean Kimberly 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveEmpirically examine whether different economic theories of marriage formation predict the transition from cohabitation to marriage differently across social classes.BackgroundLess‐educated individuals marry their cohabiting partners at lower rates than their college‐educated peers, but the reasons for this are unknown. Few studies have examined the intersection of social class and couple‐level economic resources to understand if the potentially gendered economic determinants of marriage vary according to a couple's social location.MethodCouple‐month data come from the 2014 Survey of Income and Program Participation, including 1879 cohabiting couples, 478 of whom transition to marriage. Logistic regression is used to test whether the marriage bar, gender specialization, gendered institutions, or gender revolution framework best predicts the likelihood of marrying.ResultsJoint indicators of the marriage bar and the gendered economic organization of couples both predict marriage, but the specific gendered organization varies by the couple's level of education. Among couples where neither partner has a college degree, male‐breadwinning couples are most likely to marry; dual‐earning couples are most likely to marry among more‐educated couples.ConclusionAlthough college‐educated couples seem to have shifted to a more egalitarian model of marriage, as predicted by the gender revolution framework, the marriages of the less‐educated are still characterized by traditional arrangements, in line with the idea that marriage is a gendered institution. By showing that different theories predict marriage depending on the couple's social position, these findings provide groundwork to explore why the less educated are increasingly less likely to marry their cohabiting partners.
Feline morbillivirus infection associated with fatal encephalitis in a Bengal cat
Authors: Dawson Kara L. D. , Wildi Nicole , Cavalli Mauro , Rubbenstroth Dennis , Oevermann Anna , Seuberlich Torsten 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFeline morbillivirus (FeMV) is a recently discovered morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae, which include several highly contagious viruses with zoonotic potential. In this case report we describe the detection of FeMV in archived brain tissue of a 2‐month‐old Bengal cat with nonsuppurative encephalitis from the year 2011 in Switzerland by high‐throughput sequencing (HTS). Our metagenomics approach was able to obtain a full‐length sequence covering the entire FeMV genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that our FeMV strain clustered within FeMV genotype 1. We were able to detect FeMV RNA by in situ hybridization (ISH) in brain sections with inflammatory lesions and demonstrated its potential neurotropism and association with encephalitis. Our results provide further insight into this recently discovered morbillivirus and encourage further investigations into the pathogenesis and epidemiology of associated diseases in cats and potentially other species.
Tools and mechanisms of vacuolar escape leading to host egress in Legionella pneumophila infection: Emphasis on bacterial phospholipases
Authors: Neuber Jonathan , Lang Christina , Aurass Philipp , Flieger Antje 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe phenomenon of host cell escape exhibited by intracellular pathogens is a remarkably versatile occurrence, capable of unfolding through lytic or non‐lytic pathways. Among these pathogens, the bacterium Legionella pneumophila stands out, having adopted a diverse spectrum of strategies to disengage from their host cells. A pivotal juncture that predates most of these host cell escape modalities is the initial escape from the intracellular compartment. This critical step is increasingly supported by evidence suggesting the involvement of several secreted pathogen effectors, including lytic proteins. In this intricate landscape, L. pneumophila emerges as a focal point for research, particularly concerning secreted phospholipases. While nestled within its replicative vacuole, the bacterium deftly employs both its type II (Lsp) and type IVB (Dot/Icm) secretion systems to convey phospholipases into either the phagosomal lumen or the host cell cytoplasm. Its repertoire encompasses numerous phospholipases A (PLA), including three enzymes—PlaA, PlaC, and PlaD—bearing the GDSL motif. Additionally, there are 11 patatin‐like phospholipases A as well as PlaB. Furthermore, the bacterium harbors three extracellular phospholipases C (PLCs) and one phospholipase D. Within this comprehensive review, we undertake an exploration of the pivotal role played by phospholipases in the broader context of phagosomal and host cell egress. Moreover, we embark on a detailed journey to unravel the established and potential functions of the secreted phospholipases of L. pneumophila in orchestrating this indispensable process.
Questioning the 14‐day dogma in candidemia treatment duration
Authors: Salmanton‐García Jon , Reinhold Ilana , Prattes Juergen , Bekaan Nico , Koehler Philipp , Cornely Oliver A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern. With AMR directly causing 1.27 million deaths in 2019 and projections of up to 10 million annual deaths by 2050, optimising infectious disease treatments is imperative. Prudent antimicrobial use, including treatment duration, can mitigate AMR emergence. This is particularly critical in candidemia, a severe condition with a 45% crude mortality rate, as the 14‐day minimum treatment period has not been challenged in randomised comparison. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in August 2023, revealing seven original articles and two case series discussing treatment durations of less than 14 days for candidemia. No interventional trials or prospective observational studies assessing shorter durations were found. Historical studies showed varying candidemia treatment durations, questioning the current 14‐day minimum recommendation. Recent research observed no significant survival differences between patients receiving shorter or longer treatment, emphasising the need for evidence‐based guidance. Treatment duration reduction post‐blood culture clearance could decrease exposure to antifungal drugs, limiting selection pressure, especially in the context of emerging multiresistant Candida species. Candidemia's complexity, emerging resistance and potential for shorter in‐hospital stays underscore the urgency of refining treatment strategies. Evidence‐driven candidemia treatment durations are imperative to balance efficacy with resistance prevention and ensure the longevity of antifungal therapies. Further research and clinical trials are needed to establish evidence‐based guidelines for candidemia treatment duration.
Comparing product healthiness according to the Health Star Rating and the NOVA classification system and implications for food labelling systems: An analysis of 25 486 products in Australia
Authors: Barrett Eden M. , Gaines Allison , Coyle Daisy H. , Pettigrew Simone , Shahid Maria , Maganja Damian , Jones Alexandra , Rayner Mike , Mozaffarian Dariush , Taylor Fraser , Ghammachi Nadine , Wu Jason H. Y. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe investigated the extent of alignment between ‘healthiness’ defined by a food classification system that classifies foods and beverages primarily by their nutrient composition, the Health Star Rating (HSR) and a system that considers only the degree of processing of the product, the NOVA classification system. We used data for 25 486 products contained within the George Institute for Global Health's Australian 2022 FoodSwitch Dataset. Agreement between the two systems in the proportion of products classified as ‘healthier’ (HSR ≥3.5 or NOVA group 1–3) or ‘less healthy’ (HSR <3.5 or NOVA group 4) was assessed using the κ statistic. There was ‘fair’ agreement (κ = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.29–0.31) between both systems in the proportion of all products classified as healthier or less healthy. Approximately one‐third (n = 8729) of all products were defined as ‘discordant’, including 34.3% (n = 5620) of NOVA group 4 products with HSR ≥3.5 (commonly convenience foods, sports/diet foods, meat alternatives, as well as products containing non‐sugar sweeteners) and 34.1% (n = 3109) of NOVA group 1–3 products with HSR <3.5 (commonly single‐ingredient foods such as sugars/syrups, full‐fat dairy and products specially produced to contain no ultra‐processed ingredients). Our analysis strengthens the evidence for the similarities and differences in product healthiness according to a nutrient‐based classification system and a processing‐based classification system. Although the systems' classifications align for the majority of food and beverage products, the discordance found for some product categories indicates potential for confusion if systems are deployed alongside each other within food policies.
The usability of a digital diary from the perspectives of intensive care patients' relatives: A pilot study
Authors: van Mol Margo M. C. , Tummers Nanda , Leerentveld Crista , Tieben Rob , Buise Marc 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiaries have been used regularly in international settings as an evidence‐based and easily applicable intervention following a person‐centred approach in the intensive care unit (ICU). In addition, a diary web application known as ‘Post‐ICU’ has been implemented.AimTo explore the usability of an innovative digital diary from the perspectives of intensive care patients' relatives.Study DesignA cross‐sectional online survey study was applied among a convenience sample of relatives in the ICUs of two hospitals in the Netherlands. The investigator‐developed questionnaire included, among other things, items with the appreciation of the layout, user friendliness and functionality of the diary. Relevance and applicability were rated between 1 and 10. Data were analysed with SPSS© software, version 27, and reported as the means (±standard deviation [SD]) and percentages.ResultsSixty‐three relatives with an average age of 51 years (SD ± 14.3) participated in the study; there was a slight predominance of women (57%). All but one participant found using the digital diary easy and were able to upload photos to the diary. The participants had invited other relatives (75%) and nurses (61%) to write in the diary, which they viewed as easily feasible (89%). The relevance and applicability of the diary were rated with mean scores of 8.1 (SD ± 1.9) and 8.3 (SD ± 1.6), respectively.ConclusionsThe participants found the Post‐ICU diary web application highly valuable and easily feasible. Perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and technophobia were not found to influence the usability of the digital diary.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe implementation of this new digital tool supports a person‐centred ICU policy because of its focus on the personal diary entries of the patient and the collaborative writing process featuring relatives and professionals.
Mini‐review: Tailored per‐oral endoscopic myotomy for type III achalasia
Authors: Srinivasan Vamshek , Shah Eric D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis mini‐review summarizes the most recent literature regarding per‐oral endoscopic myotomy for type III achalasia, emphasizing the poorly understood science of tailoring myotomy length during this procedure. In addition, special attention will be placed on the current subjective and objective biomarkers, such as the Eckardt score, used to evaluate treatment outcomes in this population to better contextualize the existing data on patient outcomes, as proposed by Low et al in the current issue of the Journal. Understanding the current treatment landscape for type III achalasia and identifying the key areas of research deficiencies will guide future investigation and management of this disease.
Organizational stability and resocialization in public administrations: Theory and evidence from Norwegian civil servants (1986–2016)
Authors: Geys Benny , Lægreid Per , Murdoch Zuzana , Trondal Jarle 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe organizational theory approach to public administration emphasizes that organizational features of public bureaucracies shape civil servants' role perceptions and opinions. This study brings forward a novel refinement of this theoretical framework by arguing that such processes of organizational resocialization require intertemporal consistency of the organizational environment. We empirically test this proposition by combining individual‐level longitudinal data from a panel of Norwegian civil servants (1986–2016; N ≈ 375) with information about organizational changes in ministerial structures since 1945. Using individuals' task portfolio as our main organizational “influencer” of interest, we confirm that the impact of individuals' task portfolio on their role perceptions only strengthens over time for individuals working in ministries with a high level of organizational stability. This finding adds an important scope condition—namely, intertemporal stability—to the traditional organizational theory argument about what shapes civil servants' role perceptions and opinions.
Classes of medications prescribed to malnourished children and their relationship with time to recovery
Authors: Braxton Morgan E. , Woodward Alexia L. , Larson Kim L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThere is conflicting evidence around prescription practices in the management of malnutrition; the study objective was to explore medication classifications prescribed and their relationship between time‐to‐recovery and specific demographic characteristics among children with malnutrition in Guatemala.DesignDescriptive correlational study of data obtained in a retrospective record review.SampleChildren aged 0–5 years with malnutrition treated in a Guatemalan Nutrition Rehabilitation Center between 2019 and 2020 (N = 155).MeasuresVariables assessed were medication classification of prescribed medications, age, gender, time‐to‐recovery, malnutrition severity, and COVID cohort.ResultsThe most frequently used medication classifications were vitamins (95%), respiratory (75%), antipyretic (68%), antibiotic (61%), and gastrointestinal agents (54%). Antibiotic, respiratory, corticosteroid, antipyretic, and gastrointestinal agents were prescribed significantly more in cases with a time‐to‐recovery of 6 weeks or greater.ConclusionsMedication classifications prescribed most often were related to common comorbidities of malnutrition and illnesses affecting children in Guatemala, such as respiratory and diarrheal diseases. The medication used in cases with a time‐to‐recovery of ≥6 weeks suggest these cases may have had more comorbidities, which could explain the longer recovery times. Caution is suggested in routine prophylactic antibiotic use in public health settings, given the lack of association with improved recovery times, the potential for antibiotic drug resistance, and the negative effects on renal function among children.