bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LET-381/FoxF and its target UNC-30/Pitx2 specify and maintain the molecular identity of C. elegans mesodermal glia that regulate motor behavior
Authors: Stefanakis Nikolaos , Jiang Jessica , Liang Yupu , Shaham Shai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhile most glial cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) arise from neuroectodermal progenitors, some, like microglia, are mesodermally derived. To understand mesodermal glia development and function, we investigated C. elegans GLR glia, which envelop the brain neuropil and separate it from the circulatory system cavity. Transcriptome analysis shows that GLR glia combine astrocytic and endothelial characteristics, which are relegated to separate cell types in vertebrates. Combined fate acquisition is orchestrated by LET-381/FoxF, a fate-specification/maintenance transcription factor also expressed in glia and endothelia of other animals. Among LET-381/FoxF targets, the UNC-30/Pitx2 transcription factor controls GLR glia morphology and represses alternative mesodermal fates. LET-381 and UNC-30 co-expression in naive cells is sufficient for GLR glia gene expression. GLR glia inactivation by ablation or let-381 mutation disrupts locomotory behavior and promotes salt-induced paralysis, suggesting brain-neuropil activity dysregulation. Our studies uncover mechanisms of mesodermal glia development and show that like neuronal differentiation, glia differentiation requires autoregulatory terminal selector genes that define and maintain the glial fate.
Exploring the Reactivity of Substituted [(Allyloxy)methyl]phosphonates in Cycloaddition and Coupling Reactions
Authors: Blot Virginie , M’rabet Hédi , Jmai Momtez , Mathé-Allainmat Monique , Efrit Mohamed Lotfi , Dubreuil Didier , Lebreton Jacques 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper describes the versatility of substituted [(allyl­oxy)methyl]phosphonates to open the way to the synthesis of original phosphonated molecules with heterocyclic architectures. In 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with nitrile oxides, nitrile imines, and nitrones, these [(allyloxy)methyl]phosphonates react as dipolarophiles to give, regioselectively, the corresponding isoxazolines, pyrazolines, and isoxazolidines. Transition-metal-catalyzed reactions, including inter- or intramolecular Heck coupling, provided access to cinnamyl- and indenyl-linked moieties and phosphonated benzo-fused oxacycles, respectively. Additionally, ring-closing metathesis reactions enabled the synthesis of 2,5-dihydrofurans with the phosphonate group at the anomeric position. In this work, 51 novel phosphorylated heterocyclic compounds, which may find significance in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical fields, were prepared.
Sex Differences in Temporal Sleep Patterns, Social Jetlag, and Attention in High School Adolescents
Authors: Diogo Fernanda Mayara Crispim , Bessa Zoelia Camila Moura , Galina Sabinne Danielle , Oliveira Maria Luiza Cruz de , Silva-Júnior Emanuel Linegley Ribeiro da , Valdez Pablo , Azevedo Carolina Virginia Macêdo de 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInsufficient sleep and irregular sleep hours are common in adolescents, who experience a delayed sleep phase due to biopsychosocial changes associated with puberty, resulting in later sleep times. However, early morning class hours shorten sleep duration on weekdays. This condition is harmful to cognitive performance, which may be accentuated in girls due to a greater sleep need and less resistance to sleep deprivation. In this study, we evaluated sex differences concerning temporal sleep patterns, social jetlag, and attention in high school adolescents attending morning classes. Students (n = 146 - F: 73–16.1 ± 0.8 years; M: 73–16.2 ± 0.9 years) completed a Health and Sleep questionnaire, kept a sleep diary for 10 days, which incorporated a Maldonado Sleepiness Scale, and performed a Continuous Performance Task. Girls went to bed earlier and woke up on weekends, and spent more time in bed at night and in 24 h on weekdays and weekends, while they also had a greater irregularity in wake-up times (p < 0.05). There were no differences between sexes in terms of social jetlag, sleep debt, and sleepiness upon awakening (p > 0.05). Regarding attention, the girls had a longer reaction time in phasic alertness (p < 0.01) and a tendency to have fewer errors in selective attention (p = 0.06). These results persisted when controlled for sleep parameters. Therefore, we suggest that girls have a greater sleep need and less resistance to sleep deprivation, while the differences in attention performance could be due to different strategies, the girls could be making a trade, increasing reaction time in favor of better accuracy, while the boys could be prioritizing a faster response time.
Sleep Quality in CrossFit: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Simoes Gabriela Duarte , Martins Fernanda de Araujo , Capistrano Jr Valden Luis Matos , Loureiro Luiz Lannes , Souza Marcio Leandro Ribeiro de 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective Based on the relationship between sleep and sports performance, the present study aimed to evaluate sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness among adult CrossFit (CrossFit, LLC, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) practitioners and to verify possible associations with intestinal health.
Methods This cross-sectional study involved males and females aged ≥ 18 years who had been regularly practicing CrossFit for at least 3 months. This survey used an online questionnaire addressing demographic and socioeconomic data, disease history, dietary characteristics, and questions regarding CrossFit. To assess intestinal health, the ROME IV Consensus Criteria and Bristol Scale were used. The Pittsburgh International Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-BR) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used to assess sleep quality.
Results A total of 1,090 people (73.3% females) with a mean age of 31.2 ± 7.5 years were included. Considering the diagnosis of constipation, 36.9% of the patients were classified as constipated, especially females when compared with males (p < 0.001). On the sleepiness scale, 22.4% of the volunteers showed excessive daytime sleepiness, which was also observed more frequently among females (p = 0.013). In the PSQI-BR, 47.4% of participants were classified as having poor sleep quality (poor sleepers). The overall PSQI-BR score was 5.81 ± 2.85, with no difference between males and females (p = 0.360). There was a positive correlation between the PSQI-BR global score and a diagnosis of constipation and excessive daytime sleepiness. There was a negative correlation between the stool type on the Bristol scale and the PSQI-BR global score.
Conclusion The present study demonstrated that sleep quality was poor among CrossFit users, especially females, which can compromise their training performance.
Place branding: is it public policy, or isn’t it?
Authors: Potapovs Mihails 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article explores the question of whether place branding should be considered a public policy. While place branding has gained attention in the fields of marketing and related disciplines, its connection to various public policy areas highlights its broader implications. This study aims to provide conceptual clarity on the matter, arguing for the inclusion of place branding within the public policy discourse. The article employs a conceptual framework to assess the alignment of place branding with the key attributes of public policy. A comparative case study of nation branding practices in seven European countries—Estonia, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Portugal, Spain, and Slovakia—is conducted to assess the applicability of the conceptual framework of public policy to studying nation branding. The case study demonstrates the potential of such approach, highlighting gaps and challenges in the current practices of nation branding. The article concludes by discussing the implications of applying the policy approach to place branding and exploring future research opportunities.
Discourse analysis of male and female representatives of selected countries at the United Nations general
debates
Authors: Alshahrani Abdulaziz 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The aim of this paper was to evaluate gender differences in the language used in United Nations (UN) General
Assembly debates by one male and one female representative each from India, China, the USA, and Indonesia. The critical discourse
analysis (CDA) framework of van Dijk (2015) was used along with the 25 discursive
devices in this framework. The data on frequencies of variables were analysed statistically. No significant differences were
observed between positive comments about oneself, negative comments about others, length of speech (in words), and the various
devices by the gender of the speaker at the 0.05 level of significance. However, gender differences in terms of higher levels for
males than for females were observed for populism (t(6) = 2.354, p = .057), norm expression
(t(6) = 2.171, p = 0.073), and positive comments about oneself
(t(6) = 2.224, p = .068). The correlation coefficients were significant between genders for
positive-self, norm expression, and national self-glorification only. These results could be attributed to the small size of four
male and four female speeches, leading to high values of standard error, which reflects the significance of differences. Also,
there could be overlapping and mixing of gender characteristics in connection with different contexts and occasions due to
emergent identities. These political identities were created in particular situations or contexts, and it was not clear how much
they could be a result of female or male politicians’ styles. This explanation by Sivrić and
Jurčić (2014) seems to be valid for this research as well. Small samples could be a limitation of this study. However,
many other works used even smaller samples. The generalisability of these findings needs to be tested using other similar
studies.
Exploring teachers’ perspectives on the implementation of a translanguaging pedagogy in two superdiverse Viennese
classrooms
Authors: Cataldo-Schwarzl Lena 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the implementation of translanguaging in two superdiverse school classes and their
teachers’ understanding of translanguaging. Translanguaging as a theory and a transformative pedagogy has recently captured
scholars’ interest from all over the globe, but also earned critique for its transformative claims and ongoing expansion of the
term (Jaspers, 2018, p. 2). Through a triangulation of ethnographic fieldnotes and
interviews, analysed with thematic coding and linguistic text analysis, this study shows that the teachers’ translanguaging
pedagogy is strongly characterised by reoccurring elements, such as translation or reading tasks. The data also reveals teachers’
strong beliefs concerning translanguaging and a gap between the terminology of teachers’ everyday experiences and the terminology
used in research, which both turn out to be resistant to change.
Biomechanical imaging biomarker during chemoradiotherapy predicts treatment response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Fujimoto Koya , Shiinoki Takehiro , Kawazoe Yusuke , Yuasa Yuki , Mukaidani Wataru , Manabe Yuki , Kajima Miki , Tanaka Hidekazu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. For response-adapted adaptive radiotherapy (R-ART), promising biomarkers are needed to predict post-radiotherapy (post-RT) responses using routine clinical information obtained during RT. In this study, a patient-specific biomechanical model (BM) of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was proposed using the pre-RT maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and tumor structural changes during RT as evaluated using computed tomography (CT). In addition, we evaluated the predictive performance of BM-driven imaging biomarkers for the treatment response of patients with HNSCC who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Approach. Patients with histologically confirmed HNSCC treated with definitive CCRT were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent CT two times as follows: before the start of RT (pre-RT) and 3 weeks after the start of RT (mid-RT). Among these patients, 67 patients who underwent positron emission tomography/CT during the pre-RT period were included in the final analysis. The locoregional control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) prediction performances of whole tumor stress change (TS) between pre- and mid-RT computed using BM were assessed using univariate, multivariate, and Kaplan–Meier survival curve analyses, respectively. Furthermore, performance was compared with the pre and post-RT SUVmax, tumor volume reduction rate (TVRR) during RT, and other clinical prognostic factors. Main results. For both univariate, multivariate, and survival curve analyses, the significant prognostic factors were as follows (p < 0.05): TS and TVRR for LC; TS and pre-RT FDG-SUVmax for PFS; and TS only for OS. In addition, for 2 year LC, PFS, and OS prediction, TS showed a comparable predictive performance to post-RT FDG-SUVmax. Significance. BM-driven TS is an effective prognostic factor for tumor treatment response after CCRT. The proposed method can be a feasible functional imaging biomarker that can be acquired during RT using only routine clinical data and may provide useful information for decision-making during R-ART.
Self-supervised dual-domain balanced dropblock-network for low-dose CT denoising
Authors: An Ran , Chen Ke , Li Hongwei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. Self-supervised learning methods have been successfully applied for low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) denoising, with the advantage of not requiring labeled data. Conventional self-supervised methods operate only in the image domain, ignoring valuable priors in the sinogram domain. Recently proposed dual-domain methods address this limitation but encounter issues with blurring artifacts in the reconstructed image due to the inhomogeneous distribution of noise levels in low-dose sinograms. Approach. To tackle this challenge, this paper proposes SDBDNet, an end-to-end dual-domain self-supervised method for LDCT denoising. With the network designed based on the properties of inhomogeneous noise in low-dose sinograms and the principle of moderate sinogram-domain denoising, SDBDNet achieves effective denoising in dual domains without introducing blurring artifacts. Specifically, we split the sinogram into two subsets based on the positions of detector cells to generate paired training data with high similarity and independent noise. These sub-sinograms are then restored to their original size using 1D interpolation and learning-based correction. To achieve adaptive and moderate smoothing in the sinogram domain, we integrate Dropblock, a type of convolution layer with regularization, into SDBDNet, and set a weighted average between the denoised sinograms and their noisy counterparts, leading to a well-balanced dual-domain approach. Main results. Numerical experiments show that our method outperforms popular non-learning and self-supervised learning methods, demonstrating its effectiveness and superior performance. Significance. While introducing a novel high-performance dual-domain self-supervised LDCT denoising method, this paper also emphasizes and verifies the importance of appropriate sinogram-domain denoising in dual-domain methods, which might inspire future work.
Country-level methane emissions and their sectoral trends during 2009–2020 estimated by high-resolution inversion of GOSAT and surface observations
Authors: Janardanan Rajesh , Maksyutov Shamil , Wang Fenjuan , Nayagam Lorna , Sahu Saroj Kumar , Mangaraj Poonam , Saunois Marielle , Lan Xin , Matsunaga Tsuneo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Considering the significant role of global methane emissions in the Earth’s radiative budget, global or regionally persistent increasing trends in its emission are of great concern. Understanding the regional contributions of various emissions sectors to the growth rate thus has policy relevance. We used a high-resolution global methane inverse model to independently optimize sectoral emissions using GOSAT and ground-based observations for 2009–2020. Annual emission trends were calculated for top-emitting countries, and the sectoral contributions to the total anthropogenic trend were studied. Global total posterior emissions show a growth rate of 2.6 Tg yr−2 (p < 0.05), with significant contributions from waste (1.1 Tg yr−2) and agriculture (0.9 Tg yr−2). Country-level aggregated sectoral emissions showed statistically significant (p < 0.1) trends in total posterior emissions for China (0.56 Tg yr−2), India (0.22 Tg yr−2), United States (0.65 Tg yr−2), Pakistan (0.22 Tg yr−2) and Indonesia (0.28 Tg yr−2) among the top methane emitters. Emission sectors contributing to the above country-level emission trend are, China (waste 0.35; oil and gas 0.07 Tg yr−2), India (agriculture 0.09; waste 0.11 Tg yr−2), United States (oil and gas 1.0; agriculture 0.07; coal −0.15 Tg yr−2), Brazil (waste 0.09; agriculture 0.08 Tg yr−2), Russia (waste 0.04; biomass burning 0.15; coal 0.11; oil and gas −0.42 Tg yr−2), Indonesia (coal 0.28 Tg yr−2), Canada (oil and gas 0.08 Tg yr−2), Pakistan (agriculture 0.15; waste 0.03 Tg yr−2) and Mexico (waste 0.04 Tg yr−2). Additionally, our analysis showed that methane emissions from wetlands in Russia (0.24 Tg yr−2) and central African countries such as Congo (0.09 Tg yr−2), etc. have a positive trend with a considerably large increase after 2017, whereas Bolivia (−0.09 Tg yr−2) have a declining trend. Our results reveal some key emission sectors to be targeted on a national level for designing methane emission mitigation efforts.
Effect of electron–phonon interactions on a three-level QD-based spaser: linear and quadratic potentials
Authors: Purohit Ankit , Poonia Vishvendra Singh , Mishra Akhilesh Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this article, we study the effect of electron–phonon interaction on a spaser (surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) system consisting of a metal nanoparticle surrounded by a large number of quantum dots (QDs). Usually, the effect of electron–phonon interaction is neglected in the spaser-related literature. However, gain media, in this case QDs, attributed by the large Raman scattering cross-section, exhibit stronger electron–phonon interaction. In the present work, we investigate the effects of electron–phonon interaction on a three-level QD-based spaser. We consider two types of interaction potentials, linear and quadratic, and analyse their effects individually. First, we focus on the linear electron–phonon interaction that perturbs the electrons present in the excited state. This yields a periodic steady-state number of localized surface plasmons (LSPs). The accompanying analytic solution reveals that the population inversion of the gain medium depends on the linear potential strength (Frohlich constant) but does not affect the threshold of spaser considerably for the given numerical parameters. In addition to the LSP, phonons are generated during this process, the temporal dynamics of which are also presented here. Initially, the number of phonons exhibit decaying periodic oscillations, whose amplitude depends on the strength of the electron–phonon interaction. Under continuous pumping, at later times, the number of phonons reaches a steady-state value, which may find potential applications in the realization of continuous phonon nanolasers. Furthermore, the effect of the quadratic potential is investigated phenomenologically by increasing the excited-state decay rate. This results in numerous LSPs and an intense spaser spectrum.
Efficient mitosis detection: leveraging pre-trained faster R-CNN and cell-level classification
Authors: R Shihabuddin Abdul , Beevi K Sabeena 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The assessment of mitotic activity is an integral part of the comprehensive evaluation of breast cancer pathology. Understanding the level of tumor dissemination is essential for assessing the severity of the malignancy and guiding appropriate treatment strategies. A pathologist must manually perform the intricate and time-consuming task of counting mitoses by examining biopsy slices stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) under a microscope. Mitotic cells can be challenging to distinguish in H&E-stained sections due to limited available datasets and similarities among mitotic and non-mitotic cells. Computer-assisted mitosis detection approaches have simplified the whole procedure by selecting, detecting, and labeling mitotic cells. Traditional detection strategies rely on image processing techniques that apply custom criteria to distinguish between different aspects of an image. Additionally, the automatic feature extraction from histopathology images that exhibit mitosis using neural networks.Additionally, the possibility of automatically extracting features from histopathological images using deep neural networks was investigated. This study examines mitosis detection as an object detection problem using multiple neural networks. From a medical standpoint, mitosis at the tissue level was also investigated utilising pre-trained Faster R-CNN and raw image data. Experiments were done on the MITOS-ATYPIA- 14 dataset and TUPAC16 dataset, and the results were compared to those of other methods described in the literature.
Left ventricle segment-specific motion assessment for cardiac-gated radiosurgery
Authors: Poon Justin , Thompson Richard B , Deyell Marc W , Schellenberg Devin , Kohli Kirpal , Thomas Steven 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose. Cardiac radiosurgery is a non-invasive treatment modality for ventricular tachycardia, where a linear accelerator is used to irradiate the arrhythmogenic region within the heart. In this work, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) cine images were used to quantify left ventricle (LV) segment-specific motion during the cardiac cycle and to assess potential advantages of cardiac-gated radiosurgery. Methods. CMR breath-hold cine images and LV contour points were analyzed for 50 controls and 50 heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, EF < 40%). Contour points were divided into anatomic segments according to the 17-segment model, and each segment was treated as a hypothetical treatment target. The optimum treatment window (one fifth of the cardiac cycle) was determined where segment centroid motion was minimal, then the maximum centroid displacement and treatment area were determined for the full cardiac cycle and for the treatment window. Mean centroid displacement and treatment area reductions with cardiac gating were determined for each of the 17 segments. Results. Full motion segment centroid displacements ranged between 6–14 mm (controls) and 4–11 mm (HFrEF). Full motion treatment areas ranged between 129–715 mm2 (controls) and 149–766 mm2 (HFrEF). With gating, centroid displacements were reduced to 1 mm (controls and HFrEF), while treatment areas were reduced to 62–349 mm2 (controls) and 83–393 mm2 (HFrEF). Relative treatment area reduction ranged between 38%–53% (controls) and 26%–48% (HFrEF). Conclusion. This data demonstrates that cardiac cycle motion is an important component of overall target motion and varies depending on the anatomic cardiac segment. Accounting for cardiac cycle motion, through cardiac gating, has the potential to significantly reduce treatment volumes for cardiac radiosurgery.