bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural zeolite activation using chloride acid (HCl) for methylene blue adsorbent
Authors: Suhendar H , Puspita S , Gabriella A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Dye waste produced from the textile industry is an organic compound that is difficult to decompose, dangerous, and can pollute the aquatic environment. On the other hand, the textile industry has also had a major impact on 20% of global wastewater pollution. One of the wastes generated is methylene blue. As a step in overcoming these problems, an effective and economical waste treatment method is needed, such as the adsorption method. This research was conducted by utilizing natural zeolite clinoptilolite type as an adsorbent for methylene blue using hydrochloric acid (HCl) through two processes, namely zeolite activation and adsorption of methylene blue waste by varying the adsorption time. The result shows that the activated zeolite can adsorb methylene blue in solution. The activation process strongly determined the capability of zeolite to adsorb the methylene blue. From our research, we obtained zeolite activated with 0.1 M HCl has the highest capability as methylene blue adsorption.
Optimizing viscosity measurement: an automated solution with YOLOv3
Authors: Delina M , Anugrah D S S P , Hussaan A M , Harlastputra A F , Akbar P F , Renaldi P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Measuring viscosity can be done using either Tracker software or a digital viscometer. However, the Tracker software proved to be ineffective due to the need to manually set the object’s center point for obtaining its final velocity. On the other hand, the digital viscometer was costly. Hence, a novel approach is needed to measure viscosity with high precision, efficiency, and affordability. To tackle these concerns, the study combined measuring instruments and computer programming with YOLOv3. The YOLOv3 model was applied to measure the B30 Biodiesel viscosity in a falling ball viscometer. The stages were: using a 10.07 mm ball size, the YOLOv3 model tracked the iron ball in the experimental videos to obtain the velocity. Next, based on the velocity, B30 biodiesel viscosity can be obtained. The formula of velocity and viscosity of the falling ball viscometer is integrated into the algorithm. The results are then compared to the reference data. The result showed that the final velocity and viscosity error relative were 1.30% and 2.04%. With an error relative below 5%, The data indicates that the algorithm effectively measures the velocity and viscosity of B30 biodiesel. This study was provided as a foundation for automatization in the quality control process for the biodiesel industry.
Macrobending loss in fiber optic wrapped on rubber-spring wire structure under static load-pressure
Authors: Pratomo H , Sulistyo S , Hanto D , Syahadi M , Bayuwati D , Mulyanto I , Husdi I R , Kartolo S , Widiyatmoko B , Setiono A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This work observes rubber-based frame structures for wide helix-shaped-macrobending fiber optic sensors intended for measuring an object with high load levels. In this fiber sensor, the working principle is to measure the power loss (due to bending) of the light traveled in the employed fiber optic. During the applications, it needs a particular mechanical structure to accommodate a reversible fiber bending in the context of load measurement. In this work, a cylindrical-shaped rubber structure mixed with calcium carbonate compound (CaCO3) is constructed as the fiber bending frame (housing) in which a spring wire is inserted into the structure in the two models, i.e., outer and inner-spring structure. Several investigations of static load pressure reveal the optimum structure design for high load measurement. Using the inner-spring model, a rubber structure with 10wt% CaCO3 exhibits the preferable performance with a sensitivity of 0.15 V/Kg.cm2 and measurement load range until 210 Kg.
Effect of quercetin addition on chitosan film composite of cellulose microcrystals from coconut fibers (Cocos Nucifera)
Authors: Yusmaniar Y , Fadillah I , Paristiowati M , Saputra I 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize chitosan biodegradable films and cellulose microcrystals (CMC) from coconut fibres (Cocos nucifera) with quercetin as a filler. Chitosan (CS) film is mixed with cellulose microcrystals with a composition of 1% w/w, and quercetin bioflavonoids are added with various concentrations (0%;1%;3%;5%;7% w/w) by solution casting method. Adding quercetin to the chitosan-microcrystalline cellulose film is expected to add antioxidant properties. Cellulose microcrystals were isolated from the primary material of coconut fibres by delignification, bleaching which was then hydrolysis by 58% w/w sulfuric acid. Isolation results were characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM. The results of research for the synthesis of chitosan-microcrystalline cellulose-quercetin films showed the addition of quercetin 7% resulted in tensile strength of 17.21 MPa, biodegradation rate of 1.62 mg/day, antioxidant activity of 79.95%. However, adding 7% quercetin decreases the nature of film development and water vapour permeability, with the optimum quercetin concentration for film development being 1% and water vapour permeability being 3%.
Design of RF cavity test module for electron accelerator with magnetron 2.45 GHz
Authors: Satmoko A , Rezon K , Kasmudin K , Rahmat R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A design of low-cost electron accelerator is currently being initiated by utilizing a magnetron that is widely commercially used. One such activity is designing an RF cavity test module consisting of a magnetron as an RF source, a waveguide to transfer the RF waves, a cavity where the RF waves resonate and a coupling as a connecting bridge between the cavity and the waveguide. Starting with selecting a magnetron, it was decided to use the commercial magnetron which has an operating frequency of 2.45 GHz. The next stage is to design the cavity. By using CST Studio software, a series of executions using parameter sweep was carried out to obtain the optimal cavity dimension. This leads to a cavity that is 4.74 cm in radius and 3.96 cm in width. These dimensions generate an eigenfrequency of 2.450 GHz and a maximum electric field of 225.7 MV/m by normalizing the stored energy to 1 Joule. To transfer RF waves, a W340 type waveguide is selected. Concerning the coupling, simulation by CST Studio gives iris dimensions of 3.31×0.90 cm2 as the best design. These dimensions give a coupling efficiency of 5.51 and a maximum electric field of 216.4 MV/m.
Analysis of thermophysical properties of chicken eggshell an alternative phase change material
Authors: Dhiyaulhaq N R , Wulandari D A , Wardoyo  , Nugroho P N A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Phase change materials are substances that utilize their ability to change phases for latent heat storage. PCM for energy storage must meet the parameters of thermophysical properties. One commonly used material is calcium chloride hexahydrate, which can be applied to reduce electricity consumption associated with air conditioning regulation. Meanwhile, eggshell waste containing calcium has not been maximally utilized. In this study, calcium derived from eggshells was processed into calcium chloride hexahydrate, which could potentially be an alternative to PCM. The preliminary results to get the thermal analysis in the form of the T-History method were done using the heating and cooling process of PCM with reference liquid. Based on the experimental results, it was challenging to determine the phase change occurrence in the eggshell derived PCM due to its unique texture. Consequently, the T-history test could not provide conclusive findings. Although a thin liquid layer was observed at the top of the PCM, it remained uncertain whether it indicated the melting process. Therefore, this material needs to be explored for improved processing methods to establish its potential as a sustainable PCM candidate.
Assessing conceptual understanding of high school students on transverse and stationary waves through Rasch analysis in Malang
Authors: Kurniawan F , Samsudin A , Chandra D T , Sriwati E , Zahran M , Gani A W , Ramadhan B P , Aminudin A H , Ramadani F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study aims to reveal the condition of high school students’ conceptual knowledge of transverse and stationary wave topics in Malang. The significance of waves in human civilization necessitates students’ excellent comprehension of waves. However, deepening the condition of students’ understanding of this topic is still rarely done in Malang. Through cluster random sampling, 103 students who studied transversal and stationary wave topics took a part in this study. Using a three-tier test instrument that has been proven to be valid and reliable by previous researchers, the understanding of students regarding waves was examined. Students’ understanding of the transverse and stationary wave topics is mapped deeply using Rasch Wright Map and graph-percentage analysis. According to the study’s findings, only about 0–14.56% of students have an understanding of each concept on this topic. Furthermore, more than 30% of students had a misconception about two of the ten wave concepts examined. Additionally, on nine of the ten wave topics examined, more than 30% of students reported no understanding. The most difficult concepts to be understood for students are wave propagation and superposition. Finally, high school students in Malang stated still have less understanding of transverse and stationary waves.
Determination of momentum after reflection in free fall using infrared and vibration sensors
Authors: Yardi S D , Setiadi R N , Rosandi V A , Hamzah Y , Erwin  , Rini A S , Umar L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Collision events are often encountered in daily life, such as free-falling balls. The falling ball will cause momentum, which is influenced by the speed and mass of the object. When an object falls, its speed before and after colliding with the reflecting plane will determine the coefficient of restitution (e). In this study, an apparatus for physics experiment was made using a 110 mm diameter by 125 cm height PVC cylinder pipe with two photodiode sensors attached to detect light reflection on the falling object. A vibration sensor was installed on the base to detect the bouncing ball and authenticate the time measurement. Sensor readings and measurements occur once an automated actuator triggers the sensor. The experimental results showed that the ball falling on the aluminum reflecting plane experienced the longest oscillation with a time of 4.19 Seconds, followed by ceramic at 3.59 seconds and wood at 3.29 seconds. The contact time experienced by the ball is 0.8487 seconds on aluminum, 0.8093 seconds on ceramic and 0.7830 on wood. This experimental apparatus can help students understand physics material.
Creative problem-solving through blended learning in basic science concept courses
Authors: Adiputra D K , Apriyansa A , Nugroho N , Haeruman L D , Nordin N A N 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Basic Concepts of Science is a course for first-semester students of the elementary school teacher program in which there are concepts of biology, physics, and chemistry concepts. Learning strategies aim to achieve goals by integrating creative problem solving in the basic concepts of science. This study aims to understand blended learning in the Basic Science Concepts course. Through meaningful learning with creative problem solving, it is hoped that students and lecturers will become more interactive in applying the blended learning model. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. This context study explains the characteristics of blended learning and creative problem-solving models. After conducting interviews and distributing questionnaires, it means that there is interaction in the mixed learning model with creative problem solving techniques to improve learning outcomes of basic science concepts, selecting types of online interactions, and optimizing teaching styles. From the results of the first questionnaire, 92% said they responded positively to the blended learning model. It was concluded that students were enthusiastic and motivated in blended learning in basic science concepts courses to solve creative problems in face-to-face and virtual classes.
Desupersaturation dynamics in solutions with applications to bovine and porcine insulin crystallization
Authors: Makoveeva E V , Alexandrov D V , Ivanov A A , Alexandrova I V 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Evolution of crystal ensembles in supersaturated solutions is studied at the initial and intermediate stages of bulk crystallization. An integro-differential model includes fluctuations in crystal growth rates, initial crystal-size distribution and arbitrary nucleation and growth kinetics of crystals. Two methods based on variables separation and saddle-point technique for constructing a complete analytical solution to this model are considered. Exact parametric solutions based on these methods are derived. Desupersaturation dynamics is in good agreement with the experimental data for bovine and porcine insulin. The method based on variables separation has a strong physical limitation on exponentially decaying initial distribution and leads to the distribution function increasing with time. The method based on saddle-point technique leads to a dome-shaped crystal-size distribution function decreasing with time and has no strong physical limitations. The latter circumstance makes this method more reasonable for describing the kinetics of bulk crystallization in solutions and melts.
Effect of cement kiln dust and lignosulfonate on cement paste: a rheology and hydration kinetics study
Authors: N Suthan Kumar , V Thanka Jebarsan , Masi Chandran 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the influence of cement kiln dust (CKD) and lignosulfonate (LS) on the rheology and hydration kinetics of cement paste. The interaction effect, dispersion potential, and adsorption kinetics of LS on the cement/CKD paste were obtained using UV spectroscopy and zeta potential measurements. The results indicate that the addition of LS reduces the yield stress and plastic viscosity through the dispersion effect of LS, which alters the adhesion of the particles and improves the rheology of the CKD/cement paste. The competing adsorption of LS by the cement and CKD particles increased the flowability of the cement paste and a maximum was obtained due to the stable combined action of two different mechanisms of steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion by LS. The X-ray Diffraction analysis performed to evaluate the hydration response of cement with LS and CKD showed greater conversion potentials of SiO2 to stable CSH.
Global drought risk in cities: present and future urban hotspots
Authors: Stolte Tristian R , de Moel Hans , Koks Elco E , Wens Marthe L K , van Veldhoven Felix , Garg Snigdha , Farhad Neuni , Ward Philip J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hydrological droughts pose a persistent threat for cities and are increasingly studied. However, this is rarely within a large-scale context, complicating comparisons between cities and potentially hampering the most efficient allocation of resources in terms of drought risk adaptation and mitigation. Here, we investigate global urban hydrological drought risk for 264 urban agglomerations across all continents for both the present time and future projections. To derive risk profiles for each agglomeration, we include components of: drought hazard (drought volume focusing on surface water deficits), exposure (urban population), vulnerability (multivariate vulnerability index), and cost (replacement of freshwater expenses). These components are dynamic in time, except for vulnerability. Most agglomerations are projected to experience an increase in drought hazard, exposure, and cost by 2050, with the most notable current and future hotspot being northern South Asia (India & Pakistan). Also, the number of agglomerations with high risk increases, whereas the number with lower risk decreases, indicating that high urban drought risk is increasing in scale over time. Our results enable a better targeting of those agglomerations that need most urgent attention in terms of drought risk solutions. It can also be used to identify agglomerations with similar drought risk profiles that could be studied in conjunction and may benefit from cooperative drought risk management strategies.
Factors Associated with Antihypertensive Therapy Prescription in Youth Delaware Medicaid Recipients with Primary Hypertension Diagnosis
Authors: Baker-Smith Carissa M , McDuffie Mary J , Nescott Erin P , Akins Robert E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Higher neighborhood deprivation is associated with hypertension diagnosis in youth. In this study, we assess if there is an association between neighborhood deprivation and antihypertensive therapy prescription among insured youth with a primary hypertension diagnosis.

METHODS
Using a retrospective cross-sectional design, we assessed the proportion of youth with a diagnosis of primary hypertension prescribed antihypertensive therapy. We evaluated the proportion of youth prescribed antihypertensive therapy and compared prescribing patterns by area deprivation index (ADI), age, sex, obesity diagnosis, race, ethnicity, and duration of Medicaid coverage.

RESULTS
Of the 65,452 non-pregnant Delaware Medicaid recipients, 8–18 years of age, 1,145 (1.7%) had an International classification of diseases (ICD)-9/ICD-10 diagnosis of primary hypertension; 165 of the 1,145 (14%) were prescribed antihypertensive therapy. Factors associated with a greater odds of prescription by multivariable logistic regression were age, obesity diagnosis, and duration of Medicaid full benefit coverage. Odds of antihypertensive therapy prescription did not vary by race, ethnicity, or ADI.

CONCLUSIONS
Antihypertensive therapy prescription rates are poor despite national guideline recommendations. Among youth receiving Delaware Medicaid between 2014 and 2019, prescription proportions were highest among youth of older age, with an obesity diagnosis, and among youth with longer duration of Medicaid benefit coverage. Although high area deprivation has been shown to be associated with the diagnosis of hypertension, high vs. low area deprivation was not associated with greater antihypertensive therapy prescription among youth with primary hypertension. Our finding of a mismatch between hypertension diagnosis and antihypertensive therapy prescription highlights a potential disparity in antihypertensive therapy prescription in youth.
Pre-contact Agave domesticates – living legacy plants in Arizona’s landscape
Authors: Hodgson Wendy C , Jane Rosenthal E , Salywon Andrew M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Scope
Agaves played a central role as multi-use plants providing food, fibre and beverage to pre-contact and historical Mesoamerican cultures. However, their importance to Indigenous Peoples in the Southwest USA and northern Mexico, where they occur because of adaptations such as CAM photosynthesis, is less well known. Archaeological research indicates the Hohokam and other pre-contact Southwestern agrarian people increased agricultural potential in this region by engineering riverine terraces and bajadas for agave dry farming. Agricultural features such as terraces and rock piles were especially characteristic of post-1000 CE with the increase of dense, aggregated populations. We present an overview of six pre-contact agave domesticates (PCADs) the Hohokam and other cultures cultivated, and their ecological and cultural attributes. These PCADs are Agave murpheyi, A. delamateri, A. phillipsiana, A. sanpedroensis, A. verdensis and A. yavapaiensis.

Conclusion
Pre-contact agriculturists cultivated at least six once cryptic domesticated agave species in the modern Arizona landscape associated with pre-contact agricultural features, such as rock structures. Because of the longevity and primarily asexual reproduction of these agaves, relict clones have persisted to the present day, providing an opportunity to study pre-contact nutrition, trade, migration and agricultural practices. Taxonomic data imply that pre-contact farmers selected desirable attributes, initiating domestication processes that resulted in discrete lineages. These agaves are morphologically and genetically distinct from Southwest US and northern Mexico wild agaves and Mesoamerican wild and domesticated species. Additionally, the remnant clones present a rare opportunity to examine domesticates virtually unchanged since they were last cultivated prehistorically. These discoveries underline the need to view landscapes and some plant species from a cultural, rather than ‘natural’, perspective and discern potential cryptic species veiled by traditional taxonomic treatments. Protecting and understanding the distribution, and ecological and cultural roles of these plants require interdisciplinary collaboration between botanists, archaeologists, federal agencies and Indigenous Peoples.
Unravelling phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Cereeae using target enrichment sequencing
Authors: Romeiro-Brito Monique , Taylor Nigel P , Zappi Daniela C , Telhe Milena C , Franco Fernando F , Moraes Evandro M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Cactaceae are succulent plants, quasi-endemic to the American continent, and one of the most endangered plant groups in the world. Molecular phylogenies have been key to unravelling phylogenetic relationships among major cactus groups, previously hampered by high levels of morphological convergence. Phylogenetic studies using plastid markers have not provided adequate resolution for determining generic relationships within cactus groups. This is the case for the tribe Cereeae s.l., a highly diverse group from tropical America. Here we aimed to reconstruct a well-resolved phylogenetic tree of tribe Cereeae and update the circumscription of suprageneric and generic groups in this tribe.

Methods
We integrated sequence data from public gene and genomic databases with new target sequences (generated using the customized Cactaceae591 probe set) across representatives of this tribe, with a denser taxon sampling of the subtribe Cereinae. We inferred concatenated and coalescent phylogenetic trees and compared the performance of both approaches.

Key Results
Six well-supported suprageneric clades were identified using different datasets. However, only genomic datasets, especially the Cactaceae591, were able to resolve the contentious relationships within the subtribe Cereinae.

Conclusions
We propose a new taxonomic classification within Cereeae based on well-resolved clades, including new subtribes (Aylosterinae subtr. nov., Uebelmanniinae subtr. nov. and Gymnocalyciinae subtr. nov.) and revised subtribes (Trichocereinae, Rebutiinae and Cereinae). We emphasize the importance of using genomic datasets allied with coalescent inference to investigate evolutionary patterns within the tribe Cereeae.