bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural compounds as obesity pharmacotherapies
Authors: Zhao Xin‐Yuan , Wang Ji‐Qiu , Neely G. Gregory , Shi Yan‐Chuan , Wang Qiao‐Ping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObesity has become a serious global public health problem, affecting over 988 million people worldwide. Nevertheless, current pharmacotherapies have proven inadequate. Natural compounds have garnered significant attention due to their potential antiobesity effects. Over the past three decades, ca. 50 natural compounds have been evaluated for the preventive and/or therapeutic effects on obesity in animals and humans. However, variations in the antiobesity efficacies among these natural compounds have been substantial, owing to differences in experimental designs, including variations in animal models, dosages, treatment durations, and administration methods. The feasibility of employing these natural compounds as pharmacotherapies for obesity remained uncertain. In this review, we systematically summarized the antiobesity efficacy and mechanisms of action of each natural compound in animal models. This comprehensive review furnishes valuable insights for the development of antiobesity medications based on natural compounds.
Lysine‐Based Two‐Component Organogelator: Naproxen Carrier Soft Material
Authors: Çolak Mehmet , Kaya Gülşen , Adnan Hayaloğlu Ali , Demirel Nadir , Hoşgören Halil 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe demonstrated that Nϵ ‐alkanoyl‐L‐lysine ethyl ester/N‐alkanoyl‐L‐phenylalaninate gelling agents were constructed as a two‐component gelling strategy and applied as drug carriers in friendly solvents commonly used. Our designs are expected to have an edge in contrast to the other lipid‐based systems due to cheap raw materials, reducing the required amount of carrier, low molecular weight, ease of loading, simple dose adjustability, skin spreadability, and improved drug retention times. It could be loaded with Naproxen (Npx) with a high loading efficiency (up to 100 % as a percentage of gelator) without gel disruption. A complementary in vitro drug release study under specific pH was conducted and performed at different drug and gelator concentrations. These results reveal that the release of Npx from the supramolecular organogels was significantly retarded with increasing organogelator engagement from 0.46 % to 0.92 %, the initial release rate considerably reduced, from 18.75 % to 7.21 %, respectively; that is release rate shows a 2.6‐fold decrease; this result showed that the gelator concentration could control drug release. whereas the increasing Npx concentration enhanced it. Altogether, this work produces valuable outcomes, which may be relevant to the pharmaceutical industry, suggesting that new platforms may deliver NSAID ( non‐steroidal anti‐inflammotory drug) molecules.
Controlled Release Study of Metformin Using Trithiocyanuric Acid Functionalized MCM‐41 as a Nanocarrier
Authors: Hajiaghababaei Leila , Gholinejad Keshteli Pooneh , Badiei Alireza , Hemmati Tirabadi Fatemeh , Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Mohammadi Ziarani Ghodsi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOrdered nanoporous silica such as MCM‐41 has silanol groups that can be chemically modified to effectively control the release of molecules. In this regard, MCM‐41 was functionalized with trithiocyanuric acid groups (TTCA‐MCM‐41) and offered as a novel carrier to the controlled release of metformin. TTCA‐MCM‐41 was synthesized and characterized. Thereafter, for 3 hours, saturated metformin solution was contacted with TTCA‐MCM‐41 to loading of drug. Finally, drug release profile was investigated in simulated body fluid (SBF) and phosphate buffers. The hexagonal symmetry of the TTCA‐MCM‐41 was confirmed by XRD patterns. The BET surface area, centred on N2 adsorption‐desorption, dropped from 846.5 m2/g for the MCM‐41 to 295.2 m2/g for the TTCA‐MCM‐41. With the use of FT‐IR spectra, the presence of TTCA groups in the silica system was established. The rope‐shaped morphology and the existence of S and N atoms on the MCM‐41 are visible in the SEM and EDX. The metformin release from TTCA‐MCM‐41 exhibits a pH‐based behaviour, and release rate was faster at higher pH compared to lower pH in phosphate buffers. In SBF, metformin displayed a steady release rate of around 0.2 mg min−1. The findings demonstrated that TTCA‐MCM‐41 is a promising candidate as a novel metformin carrier.
High‐performance thin layer chromatographic method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of solifenacin succinate and silodosin using quality by design approach and greenness assessment
Authors: Lodha Sandesh , Pillai Arya , Kalyankar Gajanan , Dedhiya Praful , Joshi Shrikant , Shah Shailesh , Shah Dinesh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe current research developed a high‐performance thin layer chromatographic method based on green analytical chemistry and integrated experimental approaches of analytical quality by design for simultaneous estimation of solifenacin succinate and silodosin. The integration was planned to reduce energy and solvent usage, maximize efficacy, and minimize any negative environmental effects. Taguchi design for screening and optimization a Box–Behnken design was used. The n‐butanol:ethanol:triethylamine (6:4:0.1, v/v/v) mobile phase and ultraviolet detection at 221 nm were used to develop the method. As per International Council for Harmonization Q2(R1) specifications, the method was validated. Rf value for solifenacin succinate and silodosin was found to be 0.29 ± 0.02 and 0.58 ± 0.02 respectively. For solifenacin succinate and silodosin, the linearity was found over the concentration ranges of 500–2500 ng/band and 800–4000 ng/band. For solifenacin succinate, the limits of detection and quantification were found to be 13.00 and 39.34 ng/band, respectively, while for silodosin, they were 33.29 and 100.86 ng/band, respectively. For solifenacin succinate, the method revealed a percent recovery ranging from 98.49% to 99.50%, while for silodosin, it exhibited a range from 98.86% to 99.79%. The tools predicted greenness score to be 63 and 0.78, respectively, indicating the proposed method to be green.
Splitting interfaces in 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM
Authors: Uhlemann Christoph F. , Wang Mianqi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We discuss entanglement entropies in 4d interface CFTs based on 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM coupled to 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 degrees of freedom localized on an interface. Focusing on the entanglement between the two half spaces to either side of the interface, we show that applying the Ryu-Takayanagi prescription in general leads to multiple natural entangle- ment entropies. We interpret the different entropies as corresponding to different ways of assigning the 3d degrees of freedom localized on the interface to the two half spaces. We contrast these findings with recent discussions of universal relations for entanglement entropies in 2d interface CFTs and formulate generalized relations for 4d interface CFTs which incorporate our results.
Advancing public interests through state ownership; the case of Port of Rotterdam
Authors: de Langen Peter W. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the effects of state ownership on decisions of port development companies, through a case study of Port of Rotterdam (PoR). This issue is relevant, given the economic impact of port development and the important role of ports in the transition towards a more sustainable economy. The insights from this case study thus can be useful for shaping port (governance) reform. The paper reviews the rationale for state ownership of the port development company, and describes the case of PoR, focused on the public interests that the public shareholders aim to promote through ownership, and mechanisms through which the consideration of the public interests is incorporated in PoR’s decisions. The following conclusions are drawn. First, the two public shareholders of PoR (the city of Rotterdam and the Dutch state) have made an explicit choice to ‘permanently’ use state ownership to achieve public interests. Second, PoR’s shareholders have identified specific public interests and have developed specific mechanisms to secure that PoR takes these public interests into account in decision-making. Third, there are clear indications that PoR’s decisions indeed have advanced the public interests as identified by the shareholders.
Towards accurate knowledge transfer via target-awareness representation disentanglement
Authors: Li Xingjian , Hu Di , Li Xuhong , Xiong Haoyi , Xu Chengzhong , Dou Dejing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFine-tuning deep neural networks pre-trained on large scale datasets is one of the most practical transfer learning paradigm given limited quantity of training samples. To obtain better generalization, using the starting point as the reference (SPAR), either through weights or features, has been successfully applied to transfer learning as a regularizer. However, due to the domain discrepancy between the source and target task, there exists obvious risk of negative transfer in a straightforward manner of knowledge preserving. In this paper, we propose a novel transfer learning algorithm, introducing the idea of Target-awareness REpresentation Disentanglement ($$\textrm{TRED}$$
TRED
), where the relevant knowledge with respect to the target task is disentangled from the original source model and used as a regularizer during fine-tuning the target model. Two alternative approaches, maximizing Maximum Mean Discrepancy (Max-MMD) and minimizing mutual information (Min-MI) are introduced to achieve the desired disentanglement. Experiments on various real world datasets show that our method stably improves the standard fine-tuning by more than 2% in average. $$\textrm{TRED}$$
TRED
also outperforms related state-of-the-art transfer learning regularizers such as $$\mathrm {L^2\text {-}SP}$$

L
2

-
SP

, $$\textrm{AT}$$
AT
, $$\textrm{DELTA}$$
DELTA
, and $$\textrm{BSS}$$
BSS
. Moreover, our solution is compatible with different choices of disentangling strategies. While the combination of Max-MMD and Min-MI typically achieves higher accuracy, only using Max-MMD can be a preferred choice in applications with low resource budgets.
Understanding transfer learning and gradient-based meta-learning techniques
Authors: Huisman Mike , Plaat Aske , van Rijn Jan N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDeep neural networks can yield good performance on various tasks but often require large amounts of data to train them. Meta-learning received considerable attention as one approach to improve the generalization of these networks from a limited amount of data. Whilst meta-learning techniques have been observed to be successful at this in various scenarios, recent results suggest that when evaluated on tasks from a different data distribution than the one used for training, a baseline that simply finetunes a pre-trained network may be more effective than more complicated meta-learning techniques such as MAML, which is one of the most popular meta-learning techniques. This is surprising as the learning behaviour of MAML mimics that of finetuning: both rely on re-using learned features. We investigate the observed performance differences between finetuning, MAML, and another meta-learning technique called Reptile, and show that MAML and Reptile specialize for fast adaptation in low-data regimes of similar data distribution as the one used for training. Our findings show that both the output layer and the noisy training conditions induced by data scarcity play important roles in facilitating this specialization for MAML. Lastly, we show that the pre-trained features as obtained by the finetuning baseline are more diverse and discriminative than those learned by MAML and Reptile. Due to this lack of diversity and distribution specialization, MAML and Reptile may fail to generalize to out-of-distribution tasks whereas finetuning can fall back on the diversity of the learned features.
Lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine triggers immunity against necrotrophs by promoting JA-signaling and ROS-homeostasis
Authors: Vӧlz Ronny , Kim Ki-Tae , Alazem Mazen , Harris William , Hwang Sungkee , Lee Yong-Hwan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractModulation of the plant defense response by bioactive molecules is of increasing interest. However, despite plant cell lipids being one of the major cellular components, their role in plant immunity remains elusive. We found that the exogenous application of the cell-membrane localized phospholipid lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) reprograms the plant transcript profile in favor of defense-associated genes thereby priming the plant immune system. Exogenous LPE application to different Arabidopsis accessions increases resistance against the necrotrophic pathogens, Botrytis cinerea and Cochliobolus heterostrophus. We found that the immunity-promoting effect of LPE is repealed in the jasmonic acid (JA) receptor mutant coi1, but multiplied in the JA-hypersensitive mutant feronia (fer-4). The JA-signaling repressor JAZ1 is degraded following LPE administration, suggesting that JA-signaling is promoted by LPE. Following LPE-treatment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation is affected in coi1 and fer-4. Moreover, FER signaling inhibitors of the RALF family are strongly expressed after LPE application, and RALF23 is internalized in stress granules, suggesting the LPE-mediated repression of FER-signaling by promoting RALF function. The in-situ increase of LPE-abundance in the LPE-catabolic mutants lpeat1 and lpeat2 elevates plant resistance to B. cinerea, in contrast to the endogenous LPE-deficient mutant pla2-alpha. We show that LPE increases plant resistance against necrotrophs by promoting JA-signaling and ROS-homeostasis, thereby paving the way for the LPE-targeted genomic engineering of crops to raise their ability to resist biotic threats.
Rheological Characterization and Tribological Evaluation of Water-Based Lubricants in AISI 52100 Bearing Steel
Authors: Bosch J. , DellaCorte Christopher 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study explores the rheological and tribological behavior of water-based lubricants (WBLs) as potential alternatives for electric vehicle (EV) applications. As the transportation sector increasingly shifts towards EVs to reduce carbon emissions, the demand for efficient lubricants becomes critical. WBLs here are defined as fluids containing a minimum of 50 wt% water mixed with glycerol, ethylene glycol (MEG), polyethylene glycol (PEG), or one of two polyalkylene glycols (PAGs). Rheological properties were investigated and compared with traditional lubricating oils. Results demonstrate distinctive rheological characteristics in WBLs, with viscosity–temperature responses resembling traditional oils with lowered pressure–viscosity coefficients. Nevertheless, WBLs exhibit promising film-forming capabilities in highly loaded contacts. Additionally, in sliding contacts, WBLs generally display lower friction coefficients compared to traditional oils, with PEG exhibiting the lowest value near 0.1. These findings suggest that WBLs may offer advantages in reducing friction and energy loss in EV applications. Furthermore, sliding wear tests indicate low wear rates in WBLs such as PEG, PAG, and glycerol, supporting their potential as viable lubrication options. The study highlights the importance of high-pressure rheology and tribochemistry in wear mechanisms among the different lubricants.
Psychische Erschöpfung in den Pflegeberufen: eine quantitative Querschnittstudie zu Belastungs- und Resilienzfaktoren
Authors: Wesselborg Bärbel , Bauknecht Jürgen 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Untersuchungen weisen auf hohe Belastungen bei Pflegefachpersonen einhergehend mit einer hohen psychischen Erschöpfung hin. Zur Entlastung und Gesundheitsförderung wurden in den letzten Jahren verschiedene Programme initiiert. Wenig erforscht sind bei Pflegefachpersonen bisher Resilienzfaktoren, die die psychische Erschöpfung mindern können. Dabei fehlen auch berufsvergleichende Analysen zur Einordnung der Ergebnisse.

Fragestellung/Ziel
Ziel der Studie ist die Gewinnung von Erkenntnissen zur psychischen Erschöpfung bei Pflegefachpersonen im Berufsvergleich, sowie Belastungs- und Resilienzfaktoren, welche in den gesundheitsfördernden Programmen adressiert werden sollten.

Methoden
Die Studie reanalysiert die Daten der vom Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung (BIBB) und der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA) durchgeführten „BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragung – Arbeit und Beruf im Wandel, Erwerb und Verwertung beruflicher Qualifikationen 2018“ (n = 20.012). Analysiert werden die psychische Erschöpfung, Belastungs- und Resilienzfaktoren von Pflegefachpersonen im Vergleich mit Erziehern, Sozialarbeitern und sonstigen Erwerbstätigen.

Ergebnisse
Die psychische Erschöpfung ist bei Pflegefachpersonen im Berufsvergleich am höchsten. Der häufigste Belastungsfaktor ist der Zeitmangel. Der häufigste Resilienzfaktor ist die Zusammenarbeit im Team. Der Resilienzfaktor des unterstützenden Verhaltens durch Vorgesetzte wird von Pflegefachpersonen vergleichsweise seltener genannt.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Programme zur Entlastung und Gesundheitsförderung sollten noch stärker als bisher organisationsbezogene Ansätze berücksichtigen und eine gesundheitsgerechte Führungskultur einbeziehen.
How individuals make sense of their climate impacts in the capitalocene: mixed methods insights from calculating carbon footprints
Authors: Jack Tullia , Bååth Jonas , Heinonen Jukka Taneli , Gram-Hanssen Kirsten 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMany people want to play their part to tackle climate change, but often do not know where to start. Carbon Footprint (CF) Calculators pose potential for helping individuals situate themselves in climate impacting systems of which they are a part. However, little is currently known about whether and how individuals who complete CF calculators understand their CF in the context of climate change. This article explores how people make sense of their CFs and locate themselves in the capitalocene. It draws on theories of social practices, environmental ethics, valuation, and knowledge-use to analyse data from 500+ Danes who completed a CF calculator (https://carbonfootprint.hi.is) and interviews with 30 Danes who were asked to complete the CF calculator. In this article, we describe how Danes’ CFs are impacted, looking at how survey respondents rate importance of mitigating climate change, importance of personal actions, and importance of public steering, as well as disposable income, living space, and family type. We also show how interviewees reflect over their consumption activities and possibilities. Those with high income nearly always had high CF but felt like they had little agency to change the system and rather justified their high-emitting practices such as flying, while those with low CF felt they had more agency in the system. The results show that high-CF individuals resist voluntary reduction of their emissions despite the presence of environmental ethics. Thus, we conclude that systemic solutions have the foremost capacity to reduce carbon emissions.
Archaeological Heritage for All: A Heritage Site Accessibility Tool (HSAT) for Open-Air Archaeological Sites
Authors: Salvà Cantarellas Miquel Àngel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAccessibility to archaeological sites has become a growing concern among heritage managers, being one of the crucial aspects of cultural tourism in the contemporary world. I compiled a set of criteria creating a Heritage Site Accessibility Tool (HSAT), to assess accessibility for archaeological sites illustrating the possibilities of inclusion, with special regard towards people with disabilities. To demonstrate the validity of HSAT, several sites from the Mediterranean are examined and compared. Eight case studies were selected based on their cultural relevance and representation of different contexts on the islands of Sicily, Minorca, Ibiza, Malta, and Gozo. Results show the main problems found in the multiple dimensions of accessibility, as well as the strengths, and most importantly the possibilities for improvement.
The Textile Hypothesis
Authors: Gilligan Ian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBeginning in the Levant at the end of the Pleistocene era 11,700 years ago and emerging subsequently in other regions, the advent of farming and food production sustained a massive expansion of human populations, facilitated a host of socioeconomic and technological developments, and transformed much of the world’s land surface. The capacity of farming to support a rapidly growing population may appear to explain why farming first began. However, fundamental questions remain, including whether farming was ever a preferred subsistence option for mobile foragers—and for early farmers. In addition to the failure of farming to appear anywhere in the world prior to the early Holocene, the security and flexibility of hunting and gathering contrasts with the disadvantages associated with relying on farming for food. In querying the prevailing food paradigm, it is argued that fibre production for woven cloth in response to warmer, moister climate regimes in the early Holocene tipped the balance in favour of farming. Contingent on complex clothing acquiring social functions of dress and modesty during the late Pleistocene, and considered in conjunction with the early farming dispersal hypothesis, the textile hypothesis circumvents unfounded presumptions and offers a parsimonious explanatory paradigm for the origins of farming.
A brief history of physical oceanography with Mediterranean examples
Authors: Malanotte-Rizzoli Paola 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOceanography, or Oceanology, is a very broad name covering all the traditional sciences (physics, chemistry, biology etc.) which can be studied in the ocean context. Hence the distinction must be made using the specific names of Physical, Chemical or Biological Oceanography. This particular review is devoted to the history of Physical Oceanography, a discipline which remained at the empirical stage until roughly the middle of last century, with a slow development of the rigorous, mathematical approach and analysis required to fully understand the processes and dynamics at all space/time scales. This review wants to introduce the uninformed reader to this relatively new science, providing a concise but hopefully comprehensive outline of the milestones of its history, from the adventurous beginnings of the past centuries, to the successive, very recent theoretical and observational advances. In this progress, the scientific “giants” who made possible these advances are also presented. Their choice constitutes not only the author’s personal opinion but that of the oceanographic community at large which recognizes their crucial impact in making physical oceanography the quantitative, exact science of today. It is the author’s privilege to have personally known most of them, not only as teachers but as mentors and friends.