bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Intervention Thresholds in Cyberspace – In the Shadow of the Sovereignty Debate?
Authors: Hüsch Pia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
State practice and international legal scholarship have paid detailed attention to the question of how international law can be applied to cyberspace. More specifically, it is the regulation of low-intensity cyber operations under the principle of state sovereignty and in particular the principle vs. rule debate that have been addressed in depth. In contrast, discussions around the principle of non-intervention have not received the same amount of attention from states, and scholarly debates on reinterpreting applicable thresholds have not been mirrored in state statements. This article examines how the discussion on each principle’s application to cyberspace is approached in scholarship and state statements. It compares and contrasts the two approaches and sets out the implications that follow from such approaches, emphasising why Nordic countries should have a particular interest in advancing the discussions on non-intervention thresholds further and how they can bring them out of the shadow of the sovereignty debate.
Attacking Data: Moving beyond the Interpretative Quagmire of the ‘Data as an Object’ Debate
Authors: Schack Marc , Lund-Hansen Katrine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A key contemporary challenge for international lawyers is to determine how international humanitarian law (ihl) applies to cyber operations. This involves determining how ihl language – devised for the physical world – can be translated into usable concepts for the digital age. Often, this is done largely by balancing the ‘ordinary meaning’ of specific ihl concepts against the ‘object and purpose’ of ihl treaties. This, at least, has been the case in the debate on whether the concept of ‘objects’ include or exclude (digital) data. Contributors to this debate often emphasise this balancing act, but also seem guided by what they consider acceptable outcomes. Specifically, they argue that what is legal in the analogue, physical world should not be rendered illegal through digitisation and vice versa. This article argues that this approach is unhelpful as it leads to conflicting results. Instead, we argue that the addition of a contextual analysis could help move the debate forward.
A probiotic amylase blend reduces gastrointestinal symptoms in a randomised clinical study
Authors: La Monica M.B. , Raub B. , Lopez H.L. , Ziegenfuss T.N. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel clinical study was performed to examine the effects of a probiotic- amylase (PRO) blend on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Sixty men and women (44.4 ± 8.9 yr; 82.0 ± 18.4 kg; 170.3 ± 11.5 cm; 28.1 ± 4.6 kg/m2) were randomised into PRO (n = 29) or placebo (PLA: n = 31) groups. Participants exhibited mild to moderate GI symptoms and severity [via Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS)] to be eligible for participation. Participants were tested before (Baseline) and after (POST) 6 weeks of supplementation on various gastrointestinal indices, the GSRS (to assess GI symptoms, frequency, and severity), an anxiety questionnaire (GAD-7), and an overall well-being questionnaire (SF-36). Two (PRO vs PLA) × 2 (Baseline vs POST) mixed factorial ANOVAs were completed to assess group, time, and (group × time) interaction effects. Fifty-two subjects who completed the entire study were analysed (PRO: n = 25, PLA: n = 27). There were statistically significant () interactions for bloating, GSRS score, and abdominal discomfort but time effects for flatulence, constipation, stool regularity, and GAD-7 total score. PRO significantly reduced GSRS score (∼60 vs 25%, d = 0.72), bloating (∼49% vs 25%, d = −0.63) and abdominal discomfort (59% vs 32%, d = −0.66) to a greater degree than PLA. PRO significantly reduced subjective feelings of irritability, pain, and overall health interference. Oral supplementation of the probiotic-amylase blend was very well tolerated. Our study showed that the probiotic-amylase blend reduced the GSRS score and other GI symptoms to a greater degree than PLA.
Clinical trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov #NCT05614726
“Mimic Men” versus Conscientious Women in Amitav Ghosh’s The Glass Palace
Authors: Mondal Sukanya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The paper attempts to read the narrative of colonial modernity which runs throughout Amitav Ghosh’s novel, The Glass Palace and then also examines how that modernity is gendered. I have shown how the novel unfolds the various layers of this modernity which exposes the abrasive opposition between the ideas of colonialism. This opposition is not limited to the ideological realm only but spills and then creates an uncomfortable silence between the native men and women, particularly in the bhadralok section (Western educated urban middle or upper middle class Bengali people). I have approached the text through the theories of Homi Bhabha, Partha Chatterjee, Michel Foucault principally.
Animals, Affect and Annihilation: Campaigns against Canids in Postwar Canada
Authors: Rutherford Stephanie , Shea Victoria , Pearson Chris 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This essay suggests that culling campaigns against canids in postwar Canada have striking affective dimensions. Drawing on examples of canid management in the 1950s and 60s from Nunavik, Alberta, and Ontario, we contend that the killing of supposedly rabid dogs and wild canids was predominantly about affective excess and emotional management. The wildness of these animals was perceived to lead to excessive nonhuman affectivity, which was seemingly exacerbated by rabies. Human encounters with these animals were characterised by excessive affective responses, a result of long-standing fears of rabies, anxieties about northernness and assertions of ‘civilisation’ in the context of settler colonialism. This fear was then channelled into round ups and killings of canids. The killing was what Monique Scheer calls an ‘emotional practice’ designed to soothe anxieties, to cleanse and to civilise. Drawing on archival and other documentary sources, we aim to show the value in exploring more fully the intersections between affect and animal histories.
The Emotional Work of a Would-Be Polar Explorer: Gustave Lambert’s Lecture Tour in the 1860s
Authors: Simon-Ekeland Alexandre 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This essay draws both on the history of emotions and on celebrity studies to analyse the more than two hundred lectures given by Gustave Lambert, a would-be polar explorer, between 1866 and 1870. These lectures are examined through the press coverage they provoked in various French periodicals and, secondarily, through correspondence. The article argues that Arlie Hochschild’s concept of emotional work is relevant to the analysis of Lambert’s lecturing and its effects both on his audiences and on himself.
Comparative anatomy vs mechanistic understanding: how to interpret the diameter-vulnerability link
Authors: Lens Frederic , Gleason Sean M. , Bortolami Giovanni , Brodersen Craig , Delzon Sylvain , Jansen Steven 
Published: October 2023

Summary
Results from comparative and ecological wood anatomy combined with a number of experimental studies on plant hydraulics have led to a pervasive and longstanding assumption that wider-diameter vessels are more vulnerable to drought-induced embolism than narrower vessels. Although we agree that wider vessels tend to be more vulnerable than narrower vessels within stems and within roots across most species, our current understanding of the diameter-vulnerability link does not offer a mechanistic explanation for why increased vessel diameter should consistently lead to greater vulnerability or vice versa. Causes of drought-induced embolism formation and spread likely operate at the nano-level, especially at gas-liquid-surfactant interfaces inside intervessel pit membranes. We evaluate here new perspectives on drought-induced embolism and its key anatomical and physico-chemical drivers, of which vessel diameter is one of the parameters involved, although its linkage to embolism vulnerability is likely indirect. As such, the diameter-vulnerability link does not imply that species with on average wider vessels are consistently more susceptible to drought-induced embolism compared to species with narrower vessels. Scientific priorities for future progress should focus on more accurate predictions of how water transport in plants is affected by drought, which requires a better mechanistic understanding of xylem network topology and biophysical processes at the nano-scale level in individual vessels that determine embolism formation and spread.
The Offering of Begging Bowls by the Four Lokapālas: Its Literary and Visual Representations in South Asia
Authors: Sirisawad Natchapol 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This research paper aims to analyze a selection of visual representations regarding the offering of begging bowls to the Buddha by the four Lokapālas and their relationship to literary sources in South Asian art and discuss the significance of the story. This article reveals that these representations have always been popular in Gandhāra. The important components of this story relevant to the depictions include (1) the tree where the Buddha sat, (2) offering of the four bowls, (3) merging of the bowls, (4) presence of the two merchants, and (5) presence of other deities. However, a close one-to-one text-image relationship cannot be established due to multiple variants. The story is significant in emphasizing certain important Buddhist concepts, such as, the “transcendental virtue” of the Buddha as a supreme deity and a universal monarch (cakravartin); donative practice; usage of the bowl according to the Vinaya (Discipline), and the veneration of bowls.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of News Reports on Covid-19 from The New York Times and China Daily
Authors: Mai Yulin , Jocuns Andrew 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A multimodal critical discourse analysis of The New York Times and China Daily’s news reports of Covid-19 was conducted to identify the ideologies in Covid-19 news reports. The Covid-19 pandemic was divided into three phases: China’s anti-pandemic phase, first global outbreak, and second global outbreak. The nyt and cd’s Covid-19 news reports not only conveyed facts but also served different ideologies which shifted over each phase. Both the nyt and cd news media employed lexical devices, images, and metaphors to convey different ideologies, shaping people’s perceptions of the pandemic and government measures to control it. The nyt’s Covid-19 reporting implied that China’s pandemic measures were irrational and extreme, and that the Trump administration’s policies during the outbreak were ineffective, while feminism and racism also appeared. cd’s news reports of the pandemic portrayed efficiency by the Chinese government’s in controlling Covid-19 and a positive attitude toward government officials.
Locke’s Distinction Between Primary and Secondary Qualities as Partly Correlated with Kant’s Account of The Thing in Itself
Authors: Oungkanungveth Puttipong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this research, I propose intertwined arguments regarding John Locke’s distinction between primary and secondary qualities in the Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Firstly, I will show how Locke’s distinction between primary and secondary qualities causes several problems of perception. Secondly, I demonstrate how such problems affect how we might see this distinction in a way that partially supports Kant’s concept of the thing in itself. To begin, I provide a brief history of the topic before delving into Locke’s description of empiricism and interpreting his writing on primary and secondary qualities. Next, I discuss the problem of primary qualities, considering the interpretation of solidity and Locke’s resemblance thesis. The analysis in the last section demonstrates how inconsistency with the respect to ideas of power and sensation lead us to believe that Locke’s account generates Kant’s account of the thing in itself.
The Brigands’ Song among the Ngạn People in Northern Vietnam
Authors: Holm David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Ngạn people are a small local population of Tai-language speakers now living in the eastern districts of Cao Bằng province in northern Vietnam. They are said to be descendants of mercenary soldiers hired by the Mạc royal court during the 17th century. It is the aim of this article to investigate where they came from, using Vietnamese and Chinese ethnological studies, on-site fieldwork and analysis of song texts, supplemented by information from a ritual text and a family register. My conclusion is that the original homeland of the Ngạn was in the Youjiang River valley in west-central Guangxi. Numerous strands of evidence point to a strong connection with the native chieftaincy of Tianzhou and the neighbouring chieftaincy of Si’en.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Gunshot Wounds in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Case Reports
Authors: Shipchandler Fatema T. , Huntley Erin S. , Holder Travis F. , Ali Talha , Behnia Faranak , Chauhan Suneet P. , Huntley Benjamin J. F. 
Published: October 2023

A systematic review was performed to compare adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes among pregnant patients with gunshot wounds (GSW) to the abdominopelvic vs other region(s) at > 20 weeks gestation. A search of Medline Ovid, Elsevier Embase, EBSCO CINAHL, and Cochrane Library in July 2022 and reference searches resulted in 1742 studies, which were screened. The 41 included studies reported outcomes for 59 pregnant patients with GSW, of which 31 (52.5%) had an isolated abdominopelvic GSW and 28 (47.5%) had an extremity, thorax, head/neck, back/spine, poly-site, or other/unknown GSW. Stillbirth occurred in 26.7% of abdominopelvic GSW and 26% of non-abdominopelvic GSW. Maternal death occurred in 3.7% of abdominopelvic GSW and 10.7% of non-abdominopelvic GSW. Neonatal death occurred in 9.1% of abdominopelvic GSW and 5.3% of non-abdominopelvic GSW. Further research is needed to standardize the approach for the evaluation and management of patients with GSW in pregnancy.
Machine Learning Models for Predicting Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Outcome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aghakhani Amirhossein , Yousefi Milad , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed 
Published: October 2023

Background: Machine Learning models have been applied in various healthcare fields, including Audiology, to predict disease outcomes. The prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss is difficult to predict due to the variable course of the disease. Hence, researchers have attempted to utilize ML models to predict the outcome of patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. The objectives of this study were to review the performance of these machine learning models and assess their applicability in real-world settings. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Only studies that built machine learning prediction models were included, and studies that used algorithms such as logistic regression only for the purpose of adjusting for confounding variables were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed using the Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST). Results: After screening, a total of 7 papers were eligible for synthesis. In total, these studies built 48 ML models. The most common utilized algorithms were Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and boosting. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged between 0.59 and 0.915. All of the included studies had a high risk of bias; hence there are concerns regarding their applicability. Conclusion: Although these models showed great performance and promising results, future studies are still needed before these models can be applied in a real-world setting. Future studies should employ multiple cohorts, different feature selection methods, and external validation to further validate the models’ applicability.
Impact of Gram-Negative Rod Bacteremia Rapid Diagnostic Testing and Real-Time Clinical Pharmacist Intervention
Authors: Kremer Abby M. , Bouchard Jeannette L. , Orvin Alison I. 
Published: October 2023

Background: The optimal method for implementing rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) into clinical practice has not been determined for gram-negative rod (GNR) bacteremia. At our institution, RDT was implemented in conjunction with real-time notification of results to decentralized clinical pharmacists. Objective: To determine the impact of RDT result notification plus real-time clinical pharmacist review on the management of GNR bacteremia. Methods: This retrospective, matched cohort study included patients with a positive blood culture for a GNR on the BIOFIRE® Blood Culture Identification 2 panel from September 2020 to August 2021 (historical) and October 2021 to September 2022 (interventional). Exclusion criteria were polymicrobial bacteremia, discrepant RDT results from traditional culture, 24-hour mortality, and comfort care or not admitted at the time of RDT result. Patients were matched based on age, pathogen, and resistance. The primary endpoint was time from Gram stain to appropriate antibiotic therapy. Results: This study consisted of 240 patients (n = 120 historical, n = 120 interventional). Escherichia coli was isolated in 71% of patients with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms isolated in 8%. There was no difference in median time to appropriate therapy (0 vs 0 hours, P = 0.28). There was a statistically significant decrease in time to first organism-directed change in therapy (40 vs 11 hours; P < 0.01). Length of stay, days of anti-pseudomonal therapy, and inpatient mortality did not differ between groups. Conclusion: Implementation of RDT plus real-time clinical pharmacist review did not significantly decrease time to appropriate therapy in patients with GNR bacteremia but significantly reduced time to organism-directed antibiotic changes.
Young Adult ADHD Symptoms in the General Population and Neurocognitive Impairment
Authors: Agha Sharifah Shameem , Riglin Lucy , Carbury Rhian , Blakey Rachel , Shakeshaft Amy , Thapar Ajay K. , Tilling Kate , Collishaw Stephan , Stergiakouli Evie , Thapar Anita , Langley Kate 
Published: October 2023

Objective: Neurocognitive impairments are associated with child and adult ADHD in clinical settings. However, it is unknown whether adult ADHD symptoms in the general population are associated with the same pattern of cognitive impairment. We examined this using a prospective, population-based cohort spanning birth to age 25 years. Methods: We examined associations between self-reported adult ADHD symptoms and cognitive task performance (attention and response inhibition) in adulthood and childhood. Results: Self-rated ADHD symptoms at age 25 were associated with poorer performance in age 25 cognitive tasks capturing ADHD-related functioning (attention B = −0.03, 95% CI [0.05, −0.01], p = .005; response inhibition B = −0.03, 95% CI [−0.05, −0.01], p = .002). Conclusions: Neurocognitive impairments linked to adult ADHD symptoms in the general population, are similar to those found in people with childhood ADHD symptoms and are consistent with findings in adult ADHD clinical samples.
C/C soft-hard mixed preform multi-units compression compaction viscoelastic rebound technique and optimization
Authors: Baolong Mei , Jiuzhi Dong , Hongqing Ren , Jian Geng , Xiuming Jiang 
Published: October 2023

To address the issue of non-uniform fiber volume fraction between layers in the compression compaction process of C/C soft-hard mixed preforms, a multi-unit variable duration cyclic compression compaction process based on the inter-laminar fiber compression viscoelastic deformation behavior is proposed. This process aims to gradually eliminate the rebound characteristics of inter-laminar fibers and reduce the error of inter-laminar fiber volume fraction. The mapping relationships between the number of units, holding duration, and compaction times with the rebound height of inter-laminar fibers are established using data fitting. The compression compaction process is determined using the Box Behnken response surface design method, and digital devices are utilized for preform compaction experiments. The micro-morphology of the preform is observed using an optical microscope, and the density of inter-laminar fibers before and after process optimization is compared. Experimental results indicate that when the number of units is 3, the holding duration is 57 s, and the compaction times is 2, the fiber volume fraction of the soft-hard mixed preform is 42.90%, which is 12.16% higher than before process optimization, and the error of inter-laminar fiber volume fraction is less than 6.5%.
Enhancing Europe’s sustainability through innovation and technology
Authors: Chivot Eline 
Published: October 2023

Innovation plays a vital role in achieving sustainability goals, promoting a prosperous society and driving economic recovery. The EU needs disruptive innovation to meet its climate targets, decarbonise industries and ensure that citizens are not left behind. The technologies developed through innovation can enhance the EU’s competitiveness as well as creating jobs and GDP growth, and also hold significant potential for addressing climate challenges and supporting the delivery of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Some studies emphasise that both digital and energy technologies have a significant carbon footprint, given that, for example, the manufacture of computers, the transportation of power-generation technologies from place of manufacture to place of deployment, the raw materials used to build smartphones and the energy consumed by these devices all entail environmental impacts. But the picture is more complex than this. This article argues that the development of these technologies should be seen as a great opportunity to enhance Europe’s sustainability and the EU’s policies for the green transition and its goals. The European Green Deal has proposed an ambitious agenda for achieving climate neutrality in the EU by 2050. This will not happen without investing in several ‘clean’ and disruptive digital and energy technologies, or without promoting policies that provide an enabling environment for these innovations to emerge.
Restoring Consumer Trust in a Home Improvement Service Provider with Negative Reviews
Authors: Ponathil Amal , Bhanu Aasish , Madathil Kapil Chalil 
Published: October 2023

With the growth in technology, the use of digital information to learn about a product or a service has increased substantially. Generally, users tend to trust a service provider until they find negative information. However, when their trust is violated, it becomes difficult to rebuild it. This study focused on the type of response that a service provider can provide to restore a user’s trust. We recruited 400 participants through Qualtrics Research Services for a 2*5 between subjects study. The findings suggest that irrespective of the type of accusation, i.e., morality- or competence-based, both an elaborate apology and denial restore the trust in the service provider. However, these ratings fell within the average range, suggesting that both are only an initial action and additional information is needed to regain the trust lost due to an accusation.