bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis: A long‐term study of 40 cases
Authors: Swainson Charles P. , Robson James S. , Thomson David , MacDonald Mary K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractForty cases of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis are reviewed for whom both light and electron microscopy and full clinical data were available. Immunofluorescence microscopy (IF) was performed on 23 cases and complement screening (CH50, C4 and C3) on 25 cases, with follow‐up period of 5–22 y. The results of EM revealed 17 cases (42 per cent.) of Type I and 23 cases (58 per cent.) of Type II MCGN but only 52 per cent. of Type II cases were correctly identified by light microscopy. Epimembranous deposits were seen as frequently in Type II as in Type I (26 per cent. and 30 per cent.) and fragmentation of glomerular capillary basement membranes (GBM) was seen in 27 per cent. of Type I cases. Overall patient survival was 49 per cent. at 10 y and that of patients who presented with nephrotic syndrome was poor (39 per cent. at 10 y). Persistent hypo‐complementaemia with C3 Nephritic Factor was present in 40 per cent.; the survival of these patients was less than those with normal complement levels (70 per cent. vs 100 per cent. at 5 y) and they were also more likely to develop renal failure. Renal failure was more likely to develop in those with a creatinine clearance of < 100 ml/min at presentation and where the biopsy showed substantial crescents in >20 per cent. of glomeruli. Mean CH50, C3 and C4 was lower in the hypocomplementaemic as compared to normocomplementaemic patients, and there were no differences between Type I and Type II. IF showed immuno‐globulins and fibrin as well as C3 in both Type I and Type II cases. Our results support the concept of an immune‐complex mediated phase in both types of MCGN, and we further suggest that (a) epimembranous deposits are common in both Type I and Type II and (b) cases with fragmentation of the GBM should be designated Type Ia.
Intra‐articularcalcergy and its arthropathic sequelae
Authors: John McClure R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLocal calcergy is an ectopic calcification reaction (due to hydroxyapatite formation) induced in connective tissue sites by the application of dilute solutions of certain metallic salts (calcergens). The phenomenon is usually produced in the subcutaneous tissues of the experimental animal. The single intra‐articular 66injection of lead acetate (PbAc) solution (a known calcergen) into the knee joint of the rat is followed by opacity of the synovial membrane and para‐articular tissues with the aggregation of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells and the formation of some granulation tissue. This lesion ultimately resolves and there is no cartilaginous degeneration. Repeated intra‐articular injections of PbAc produce pronounced changes in the synovium and para‐articular tissues. There is extensive calcific deposition with exuberant macrophage and giant cell accumulation and fibroblastic proliferation. The proliferated synovial membrance becomes adherent to articular cartilage. There is thinning and fragmentation of the latter with focal loss and replacement by fibrous tissue. Therefore, in contrast the effects of a single injection, repeated calcergenic stimulation of the knee joint is associated with a destructive arthropathy.
Dark cell proliferation in carotid body hyperplasia
Authors: Heath Donald , Smith Paul , Jago Ross 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe histopathology of the enlarged carotid bodies, in both qualitative and quantitative terms, is described in two cases. One was in a woman of 80 years with systemic hypertension and the other in a man of 72 years with pan‐acinar emphysema complicated by chronic hypoxaemia. In both instances there was generalized hyperplasia of sustentacular cells, perhaps with involvement of Schwann cells and fibrocytes, with superimposed focal proliferation of dark or ‘pyknotic’ variants of chief cells. The functional significance of both forms of tissue response in the carotid bodies is speculated upon.
Ligandin in the human ovary
Authors: Tiltman A. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHuman ovaries from different times during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and the post‐menopausal state were examined by immunohistochemistry using an antibody to ligandin. The results showed that antiligandin was localized to those cells producing steroids and probably acts as an intracellular transport protein but may also have an enzyme function in steroidogenesis. In demonstrating this relationship this study has indicated that antiligandin may be of value in the morphologic investigation of ovaries in conditions where there are assumed alterations in steroid production.
A study of glomerular basement membrane anionic sites and glomerular visceral epithelial cell coat in protein overload proteinuria in the rat
Authors: Rollason T. P. , Brewer D. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe presence and distribution of anionic sites in the glomerular basement membrane and visceral epithelial cell coat has been demonstrated. No definite decrease in intensity or periodicity of staining of basement membrane particulate sites was seen in protein overload proteinuric animals and only one staining technique employed for electron microscopy (alcian blue 8GX) demonstrated a focal decrease in visceral epithelial cell coat staining in severely damaged glomeruli. A decrease in overall glomerular staining was also demonstrated by quantitative analysis of colloidal iron staining by light microscopy. The findings differ from those described in puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy and nephrotoxic nephritis. Staining was demonstrated also in other basement membranes, in Bowman's capsule and along interstitial collagen fibres.
Post‐mortem prevalence of lymphocytic infiltration of the lacrymal gland: A comparative study in autoimmune and non‐autoimmune diseases
Authors: Nasu M. , Matsubara O. , Yamamoto H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe prevalence of focal lymphocytic infiltration of the lacrymal gland was investigated in 131 autopsy cases, 115 without and 16 with autoimmune diseases (nine cases of systemic lupus erythematosus, three of rheumatoid arthritis and four of Sjögren's syndrome). Focal lymphocytic infiltration was observed in 63·5 per cent of patients without autoimmune diseases and in all of those with autoimmune diseases. In those without autoimmune diseases, the frequency of lymphocytic infiltration was higher among those older than 40 years, and there was no sex difference in prevalence. The incidence of moderate or severe infiltration (grade III or IV) was 7·8 per cent in patients without autoimmune diseases; 55·6 per cent in systemic lupus erythematosus; 66·7 per cent in rheumatoid arthritis; and 100 per cent in Sjögren's syndrome. The present observation suggests that focal lymphocytic infiltration is indicative of an immunological disorder of the lacrymal gland in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Epimyoepithelial island formation was observed in only one patient with Sjögren's syndrome.
On the possible origin of extra‐epithelial enterochromaffin cells by budding from the crypts of Lieberkuhn
Authors: Millikin Paul D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis study was undertaken to test Pierre Masson's still unconfirmed theory that extra‐epithelial enterochromaffin cells in the gut arise in adult life by budding from the crypts of Lieberkuhn under conditions of low grade inflammation. Appendices (900) were reviewed and 19 were selected for serial section study because in random sections they showed lateral fusion of the crypts, one of the key features described by Masson. Ten specimens without crypt fusion served as controls. Sixteen of the 19 study specimens and one of the control specimens showed budding, averaging one bud in every 88 sections. Most buds were in direct contact with Schwann cells in the adjacent lamina propria and 45 per cent of them contained enterochromaffin cells. There was also histologic evidence linking buds and lateral crypt fusion to low grade inflammation. Masson's ideas are, therefore, confirmed insofar as the existence of buds and their relationship to enterochromaffin cells, Schwann cells, and inflammation is concerned. The actual separation of buds from the crypts to form extra‐epithelial enterochromaffin cells has yet to be proved.
Pathways of cellular efflux and particulate clearance after carbon instillation to the lung
Authors: Bowden D. H. , Adamson I. Y. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe pulmonary response to the deposition of carbon particles was investigated to determine the routes of cellular efflux and the mechanisms of particulate clearance. At intervals to 6 months after the intratracheal instillation of 4 mg carbon, the lungs of mice were fixed in situ by perfusion without lavage. Within a few hours, migration of granulocytes into the bronchioles was observed; large numbers of PMNs were not seen in alveoli until 24 h. Associated with the PMN efflux there was transient oedema with no evidence of pulmonary cell necrosis. The number of free macrophages increased in response to the carbon and mononuclear cell migration into alveoli and bronchioles was also observed. The bronchiolar component of the cellular efflux indicates that PMNs and macrophages recovered from the lung by lavage are not entirely of alveolar origin. Whereas most particles, either free or in phagocytic cells, were cleared by the bronchial tree, some transepithelial passage of free particles to the interstitium was observed. Some carbon was found in hilar lymph nodes but overall lymphatic clearance was low.
The immunocytochemical detection of Herpes simplex virus in cervical smears—a valuable technique for routine use
Authors: Adams Richard L. , Springall David R. , Levene Max M. , Bushell Timothy E. C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHerpes simplex virus type 2 is demonstrated in routine cervical smears by immunocytochemistry. Optimum antibody dilution and suitable fixation were determined and immunostaining results were found to compare favourably with those obtained by screening Papanicolaou‐stained smears or by virus culture methods (virus isolation). Results obtained for immunostaining of smears from 158 patients agreed with those of virus isolation in 47 of 50 cases where virus isolation was performed. It is suggested that this immunocytochemical technique is valuable in detection of Herpes simplex virus in cervical smears, offering an inexpensive and rapid laboratory diagnosis with advantage to both patient and clinician.
Gastric epithelial cell proliferation in monkeys fed 3,4,3′,4′‐tetrachlorobiphenyl
Authors: Becker Gregory M. , McNulty Wilbur P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) fed diets containing 1 or 3 mg/kg of 3,4,3′,4′‐tetrachlorobiphenyl (3,4‐TCB), became moribund after 7–14 weeks. In the body of the stomach the mucosa was thick and cystic gastric glands penetrated the muscularis mucosae. The zymogenic and parietal cells were replaced by or converted into mucus‐secreting cells. Autoradiographs of animals labelled with [3H]thymidine showed that in control monkeys gastric epithelial cell proliferation was limited to the isthmus and neck regions of the glands throughout the stomach. In the 3,4‐TCB‐fed animals most DNA synthesis also occurred in these regions, but [3H]thymidine labelled cells were also seen in the bases of the glands. The labelling indices were not elevated, and therefore the submucosal glands and cysts in this lesion may develop by a failure of the newly formed, downward migrating cells to differentiate and lose their proliferative capacity.
Cutaneous and pulmonary histopathological responses to platelet activating factor (Paf‐acether) in the guinea‐pig
Authors: Dewar A. , Archer C. B. , Paul W. , Page C. P. , Macdonald D. M. , Morley J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effect of synthetic Paf‐acether has been studied in guinea‐pig skin, following intradermal injection, and in guinea‐pig lung, following intravenous administration. Histopathological responses to Paf‐acether were assessed by both light microscopy and electron microscopy. In addition, plasma protein extravasation and platelet accumulation were quantitatively assessed using radiolabelling techniques. Intradermal injection of Paf‐acether, but not lyso‐Paf, elicited acute increased vascular permeability, accompanied by intravascular accumulation of platelets and neutrophils. There was evidence, 2–8 h after intradermal injection of Paf‐acether, of perivascular infiltration with neutrophils. At 24 h there was a mixed cellular infiltrate comprising mononuclear cells in addition to neutrophils. Following systemic administration of Paf‐acether, aggregates of platelets in close association with neutrophils were evident within the pulmonary vasculature. Intravenous injection of Paf‐acether, but not lyso‐Paf, caused intrathoracic accumulation of radiolabelled platelets. These results suggest that Paf‐acether has properties consistent with those of a mediator of inflammation.
Fibrin degradation and angiogenesis: Quantitative analysis of the angiogenic response in the chick chorioallantoic membrane
Authors: Thompson W. D. , Campbell R. , Evans T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFibrin deposition and removal is a feature common to major pathological processes such as wound healing, chronic inflammation and tumour invasion: processes involving the ingrowth of new blood vessels. Low molecular weight fibrin degradation products (MW < 50 000) are now shown to induce angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). This effect has also been shown by new quantitative assays to be associated with stimulation of both DNA and protein synthesis. Autoradiography indicates that all cell types in the CAM are stimulated to divide, and it is proposed that fibrin degradation products are a pathological growth factor.
Interstitial haemosiderin in the lungs of sudden infant death syndrome: A histological hallmark of ‘near‐miss’ episodes?
Authors: Stewart Susan , Fawcett John , Jacobson W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe occurrence of multiple intrathoracic petechial haemorrhages in sudden infant death syndrome is well‐documented and undisputed. We describe a study of 24 consecutive sudden infant deaths in which Perls' method for staining of iron in lung sections has been employed in addition to standard post‐mortem procedures. Haemosiderin‐containing macrophages have been demonstrated in 13 infants in subpleural and interstitial lung tissue in the absence of local fresh interstitial haemorrhage; ten of these infants had no evidence of respiratory tract inflammation and died mainly between one and three months of age. Eleven babies without haemosiderin showed evidence of inflammatory lesions and were predominantly four months or older at death. The demonstration of previous haemorrhagic foci in babies showing no other pathological abnormality may represent a histological hallmark of previous ‘near‐miss’ episodes of hypoxaemia from whatever cause.
A rapid method for reprocessing paraffin sections for diagnostic electron microscopy
Authors: Ngai H. K. , Chan K. W. , Or S. B. , Yau W. L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA rapid method for re‐embedding paraffin sections into epoxy resin for diagnostic electron microscopy is described. The method requires a relatively shorter time than the traditional block retrieval technique and produces a reasonable quality of ultrastructure for diagnostic purposes.
Mesothelial healing: Morphological and kinetic investigations
Authors: Whitaker D. , Papadimitriou J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBy using structural, kinetic and irradiation techniques it is possible to show that mesothelial healing is a local event. Initially, macrophages occupy the surface of a wound on the injured visceral layer, while mesothelial proliferation proceeds at the edge of the wound and the opposing parietal surface. Fibrin is formed on the wound surface within 24 h, even in the absence of much haemorrhage. Mesothelial ingrowth begins with isolated cells migrating from the wound edge as well as from the serosal surface apposing the wound where mesothelial cells are actively replicating. The cells presumably slide over a bridge of fibrin and macrophages, a process likely to be enhanced by the serosal fluid. Early colonization by macrophages results in the removal of debris and probably prevents the formation of adhesions during mesothelial restoration.
Usefulness of basement membrane markers in tumoural pathology
Authors: Birembaut P. , Caron Y. , Adnet J.‐J. , Foidart J.‐M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe distribution of basement membrane (BM) markers, type IV collagen, laminin (LM), heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSP) and fibronectin (FN) has been studied by indirect immunofluorescence using specific antibodies, in tumoural pathology. The disrupted pattern of BM by these markers in severe dysplastic lesions of the breasts, the bronchi and uterine cervix provides evidence for malignancy. In invasive carcinomas, there is generally a loss of these BM components, with FN persisting in the stroma. The loss of these markers in BM is concomitant and superimposable in double staining studies. In embryonic tumours, the presence of BM markers is related to a mesenchymal differentiation of malignant cells with pericellular FN and/or maturation towards organoid structures with BM. In sarcomas, there is a loss of the pericellular BM staining around most transformed muscular and Schwann cells and adipocytes. The persistence of this labelling in some well‐differentiated areas can help to diagnose the nature of the sarcoma. The persistence of intercellular filaments of FN corresponds to the mesenchymal and/or sarcomatous nature of undifferentiated anaplastic proliferations.
The distribution of cathespin b in human tissues
Authors: Howie A. J. , Burnett D. , Crocker J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCathepsin B is a lysosomal enzyme of importance in many physiological and pathological processes. Its distribution in human tissues was studied by an indirect immunoperoxidase method. Cathepsin B was demonstrated in macrophages, hepatocytes, renal tubules, gastrointestinal epithelium and fibroblasts, confirming previous studies. It was demonstrated for the first time by immunohistology in several other tissues, especially stratified squamous epithelium, transitional epithelium, salivary glands, pancreas, central and peripheral neuronal cell bodies, trophoblast and all endocrine organs. Widespread distribution of cathepsin B has been postulated several times but this is the fullest evidence that the enzyme indeed occurs in many organs. In pathology cathepsin B has so far been thought to be involved in demyelination, emphysema, rheumatoid arthritis and neoplastic infiltration.
Involucrin, a marker of squamous and urothelial differentiation. An immunohistochemical study on its distribution in normal and neoplastic tissues
Authors: Walts Ann E. , Said Jonathan W. , Siegel Maxine B. , Banks‐Schlegel Susan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractInvolucrin is a soluble protein precursor of the cross‐linked envelope present in the submembranous zone of human stratum corneum, and subsequently demonstrated in stratified squamous epithelia. The immunoperoxidase technique was used to assess the distribution of involucrin in 107 normal and 318 abnormal tissues. With few exceptions, involucrin was restricted to squamous epithelia, urothelium, some skin appendages and thymic Hassal's corpuscles. In normal squamous epithelium and normal urothelium, staining was most intense in the superficial layers where it was concentrated at the cell periphery and gradually decreased toward the basal layer. This orderly staining pattern was maintained in benign squamous and urothelial lesions and in grade I papillary urothelial carcinomas. Higher grade papillary urothelial carcinomas, infiltrating urothelial and squamous carcinomas, and in situ urothelial and squamous carcinomas demonstrated abnormal staining patterns for involucrin that are described. Foci of squamous differentiation in adenocarcinomas and other epithelial malignancies stained intensely for involucrin. Brenner tumours of the ovary and Walthard rests of the fallopian tube, lesions of uncertain histogenesis but possibly urothelial‐related, also stained for involucrin. Results of this study suggest that (a) involucrin is a sensitive and specific marker for squamous and urothelial differentiation, (b) staining patterns for involucrin may be helpful in distinguishing benign from malignant urothelial and squamous lesions, and (c) presence of involucrin may be helpful in determining the histogenesis of selected lesions.
Proton transportation in an organic–inorganic hybrid polymer electrolyte based on a polysiloxane/poly(allylamine) network
Authors: Kuo Ping‐Lin , Chen Wei‐Fu , Liang Wuu‐Jyh 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA new class of proton‐conducting polymer was developed via the sol–gel process from amino‐containing organic–inorganic hybrids by the treatment of poly(allylamine) with 3‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane doped with ortho‐phosphoric acid. The polymer matrix contains many hydrophilic sites and consists of a double‐crosslinked framework of polysiloxane and amine/epoxide. Differential scanning calorimetry results suggest that hydrogen bonding or electrostatic forces are present between H3PO4 and the amine nitrogen, resulting in an increase in the glass‐transition temperature of the poly(allylamine) chain with an increasing P/N ratio. The 31P magic‐angle spinning NMR spectra indicate that three types of phosphate species are involved in the proton conduction, and the motional freedom of H3PO4 is increased with increasing P/N ratios. The conductivity above 80 °C does not drop off but increases instead. Under a dry atmosphere, a high conductivity of 10−3 S/cm at temperatures up to 130 °C has been achieved. The maximum activation energy obtained at P/N = 0.5 suggests that a transition of proton‐conducting behavior exits between Grotthus‐ and vehicle‐type mechanisms. The dependence of conductivity on relative humidity (RH) above 50% is smaller for H3PO4‐doped membranes compared with H3PO4‐free ones. These hybrid polymers have characteristics of low water content (23 wt %) and high conductivity (10−2 S/cm at 95% RH), making them promising candidates as electrolytes for fuel cells. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3359–3367, 2005