bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A conserved isoleucine in the binding pocket of RIG-I controls immune tolerance to mitochondrial RNA
Authors: de Regt Ann Kristin , Anand Kanchan , Ciupka Katrin , Bender Felix , Gatterdam Karl , Putschli Bastian , Fusshöller David , Hilbig Daniel , Kirchhoff Alexander , Hunkler Charlotte , Wolter Steven , Grünewald Agathe , Wallerath Christina , Schuberth-Wagner Christine , Ludwig Janos , Paeschke Katrin , Bartok Eva , Hagelueken Gregor , Hartmann Gunther , Zillinger Thomas , Geyer Matthias , Schlee Martin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
RIG-I is a cytosolic receptor of viral RNA essential for the immune response to numerous RNA viruses. Accordingly, RIG-I must sensitively detect viral RNA yet tolerate abundant self-RNA species. The basic binding cleft and an aromatic amino acid of the RIG-I C-terminal domain(CTD) mediate high-affinity recognition of 5′triphosphorylated and 5′base-paired RNA(dsRNA). Here, we found that, while 5′unmodified hydroxyl(OH)-dsRNA demonstrated residual activation potential, 5′-monophosphate(5′p)-termini, present on most cellular RNAs, prevented RIG-I activation. Determination of CTD/dsRNA co-crystal structures and mutant activation studies revealed that the evolutionarily conserved I875 within the CTD sterically inhibits 5′p-dsRNA binding. RIG-I(I875A) was activated by both synthetic 5′p-dsRNA and endogenous long dsRNA within the polyA-rich fraction of total cellular RNA. RIG-I(I875A) specifically interacted with long, polyA-bearing, mitochondrial(mt) RNA, and depletion of mtRNA from total RNA abolished its activation. Altogether, our study demonstrates that avoidance of 5′p-RNA recognition is crucial to prevent mtRNA-triggered RIG-I-mediated autoinflammation.
MRI phenotypes of glioblastomas early after treatment are suggestive of overall patient survival
Authors: Schmitz-Abecassis Bárbara , Dirven Linda , Jiang Janey , Keller Jasmin A , Croese Robert J I , van Dorth Daniëlle , Ghaznawi Rashid , Kant Ilse M J , Taphoorn Martin J B , van Osch Matthias J P , Koekkoek Johan A F , de Bresser Jeroen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Distinguishing true tumor progression (TP) from treatment-induced abnormalities (eg, pseudo-progression (PP) after radiotherapy) on conventional MRI scans remains challenging in patients with a glioblastoma. We aimed to establish brain MRI phenotypes of glioblastomas early after treatment by combined analysis of structural and perfusion tumor characteristics and assessed the relation with recurrence rate and overall survival time.

Methods
Structural and perfusion MR images of 67 patients at 3 months post-radiotherapy were visually scored by a neuroradiologist. In total 23 parameters were predefined and used for hierarchical clustering analysis. Progression status was assessed based on the clinical course of each patient 9 months after radiotherapy (or latest available). Multivariable Cox regression models were used to determine the association between the phenotypes, recurrence rate, and overall survival.

Results
We established 4 subgroups with significantly different tumor MRI characteristics, representing distinct MRI phenotypes of glioblastomas: TP and PP rates did not differ significantly between subgroups. Regression analysis showed that patients in subgroup 1 (characterized by having mostly small and ellipsoid nodular enhancing lesions with some hyper-perfusion) had a significant association with increased mortality at 9 months (HR: 2.6 (CI: 1.1–6.3); P = .03) with a median survival time of 13 months (compared to 22 months of subgroup 2).

Conclusions
Our study suggests that distinct MRI phenotypes of glioblastomas at 3 months post-radiotherapy can be indicative of overall survival, but does not aid in differentiating TP from PP. The early prognostic information our method provides might in the future be informative for prognostication of glioblastoma patients.
RNA structure and multiple weak interactions balance the interplay between RNA binding and phase separation of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid
Authors: Estelle Aidan B , Forsythe Heather M , Yu Zhen , Hughes Kaitlyn , Lasher Brittany , Allen Patrick , Reardon Patrick N , Hendrix David A , Barbar Elisar J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds viral RNA, condensing it inside the virion, and phase separating with RNA to form liquid–liquid condensates. There is little consensus on what differentiates sequence-independent N–RNA interactions in the virion or in liquid droplets from those with specific genomic RNA (gRNA) motifs necessary for viral function inside infected cells. To identify the RNA structures and the N domains responsible for specific interactions and phase separation, we use the first 1,000 nt of viral RNA and short RNA segments designed as models for single-stranded and paired RNA. Binding affinities estimated from fluorescence anisotropy of these RNAs to the two-folded domains of N (the NTD and CTD) and comparison to full-length N demonstrate that the NTD binds preferentially to single-stranded RNA, and while it is the primary RNA-binding site, it is not essential to phase separation. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy identifies two RNA-binding sites on the NTD: a previously characterized site and an additional although weaker RNA-binding face that becomes prominent when binding to the primary site is weak, such as with dsRNA or a binding-impaired mutant. Phase separation assays of nucleocapsid domains with double-stranded and single-stranded RNA structures support a model where multiple weak interactions, such as with the CTD or the NTD's secondary face promote phase separation, while strong, specific interactions do not. These studies indicate that both strong and multivalent weak N–RNA interactions underlie the multifunctional abilities of N.
Association of healthy sleep patterns with risk of mortality and life expectancy at age of 30 years: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Li H , Qian F , Han L , Feng W , Zheng D , Guo X , Zhang H 
Published: October 2023

Summary

Background
The importance of sleep on cardiovascular health has been increasingly acknowledged. However, the effect of combined sleep behaviors on life expectancy remains understudied.

Aim
To investigate the association between sleep patterns with total and cause-specific mortality and life expectancy, using a nationally representative sample of US adults.

Design
Population-based cohort study.

Methods
This cohort study included 172 321 adults aged 18 years or older in the National Health Interview Survey (2013–18) with linkage to the National Death Index records up to 31 December 2019. The life expectancy at the age of 30 years by the number of low-risk sleep scores was estimated using a flexible parametric survival model.

Results
During a median follow-up of 4.3 years, of the 172 321 adults (50.9% women; mean [SE] age, 46.98 [0.10] years), 8681 individuals died. The adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals [CI]) of participants with five vs. 0–1 low-risk sleep factors for all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality were 0.70 (0.63–0.77), 0.79 (0.67–0.93) and 0.81 (0.66–0.98), respectively. Nearly 8% (population attributable fraction 7.9%, 95% CI: 5.5–10.4) of mortality in this cohort could be attributed to suboptimal sleep patterns. When compared to those with 0–1 low-risk sleep factors, life expectancy at the age of 30 years for individuals with all five low-risk sleep factors was 4.7 (95% CI: 2.7–6.7) years greater for men and 2.4 (95% CI: 0.4–4.4) years greater for women.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that greater adherence to a low-risk sleep pattern may lead to significant gains in life expectancy among US adults.
Gender Bias in Promotions: Evidence from Financial Institutions
Authors: Huang Ruidi , Mayer Erik J , Miller Darius P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We test for gender bias in promotions at financial institutions using two central predictions of Becker’s (1957, 1993) model: firms with bias will (1) raise the promotion bar for marginally promoted female workers, and (2) incur costs from forgoing efficient employment practices. We find support for both of these predictions using a new nationwide panel of mortgage loan officers and their managers encompassing approximately 72,000 workers from over 1,000 shadow banks from 2014 to 2019. Overall, our findings provide evidence that gender bias is an important factor in gender gaps at financial institutions.
Pathways of Peer Influence on Major Choice
Authors: Rubineau Brian , Noh Shinwon , Neblo Michael A , Lazer David M J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Peers influence students’ academic decisions and outcomes. For example, several studies with strong claims to causality demonstrate that peers affect the choice of and persistence in majors. One remaining issue, however, has stymied efforts to translate this evidence into actionable interventions: the literature has not grappled adequately with the fact that in natural settings, students typically select most of their peers. The bulk of causal evidence for peer influence comes from exogenously assigned peers (e.g., roommates) because peer effects are easier to identify in such cases. However, students do not form their most important ties for the convenience of scientific inference. In order to link theory and practice, we need to understand which peers are influential. We employ longitudinal, multiplex network data on students’ choices of and persistence in their majors from 1260 students across 14 universities to identify likely causal pathways of peer influence via self-selected peers. We introduce time-reversed analysis as a novel tool for addressing some selection concerns in network influence studies. We find that peers with whom a student reports merely spending time, rather than—e.g., close friends, study partners, esteemed peers—consistently and potently influence their college major choice.
Decrypting the feared genus Hiatella (Bivalvia): South American species
Authors: Zelaya Diego G , Güller Marina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hiatella is among the most poorly understood bivalve genera. Most of the species remain known only from shell morphology, which has proved to be extremely variable in the group. Few studies have addressed their anatomy and biology, and no studies have combined morphological, anatomical and biological characters with molecular characters. This has led to the hiatellids all around the world being regarded as a single, widely distributed species. This contribution represents a step towards a better understanding of hiatellids worldwide by providing the first integrative study of the species occurring in southern South America. Three entities are recognized: Hiatella meridionalis, Hiatella barnea and Hiatella umbonata sp. nov. To understand their intraspecific variability, all the species are carefully described and figured, based on large series of specimens. Saxicava chilensis, Saxicava mollis, Saxicava lebruni and Saxicava subantarctica are considered synonyms of H. meridionalis; a lectotype for S. subantarctica is designated; and S. antarctica and S. frigida are regarded as nomina dubia. This study suggests that worldwide living hiatellids might have originated from South American species and that reduction/loss of hinge teeth during ontogeny and life on hard substrates or on/inside other invertebrates would represent derived traits within the genus Hiatella.
A cryptic radiation of Caribbean sea slugs revealed by integrative analysis: Cyerce ‘antillensis’ (Sacoglossa: Caliphyllidae) is six distinct species
Authors: Moreno Karina , Rico Diane M , Middlebrooks Michael , Medrano Sabrina , Valdés Ángel A , Krug Patrick J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Integrative studies have revealed cryptic radiations in several Caribbean lineages of heterobranch sea slugs, raising questions about the evolutionary mechanisms that promote speciation within the tropical Western Atlantic. Cyerce Bergh, 1871 is a genus comprising 12 named species in the family Caliphyllidae that lack the photosynthetic ability of other sacoglossans but are noted for vibrant colours on the large cerata (dorsal leaf-like appendages) that characterize many species. Two species are widely reported from the Caribbean: Cyerce cristallina (Trinchese, 1881) and Cyerce antillensis Engel, 1927. Here, we present an integrative assessment of diversity in Caribbean Cyerce. Four methods of molecular species delimitation supported seven species in samples from the Caribbean and adjacent subtropical Western Atlantic. Six delimited species formed a monophyletic lineage in phylogenetic analyses but were &gt; 9% divergent at the barcoding COI locus and could be differentiated using ecological, reproductive and/or morphological traits. We redescribe C. antillensis, a senior synonym for the poorly known Cyerce habanensis Ortea & Templado, 1988, and describe five new species. Evolutionary shifts in algal host use, penial armature and larval life history might have acted synergistically to promote the rapid divergence of endemic species with restricted distributions in this radiation, substantially increasing global diversity of the genus.
Resolvin D1 improves airway inflammation and exercise capacity in cystic fibrosis lung disease
Authors: Ferri Giulia , Serano Matteo , Isopi Elisa , Mucci Matteo , Mattoscio Domenico , Pecce Romina , Protasi Feliciano , Mall Marcus A. , Romano Mario , Recchiuti Antonio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMucus plugging and non‐resolving inflammation are inherent features of cystic fibrosis (CF) that may lead to progressive lung disease and exercise intolerance, which are the main causes of morbidity and mortality for people with CF. Therefore, understanding the influence of mucus on basic mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response and identifying strategies to resolve mucus‐driven airway inflammation and consequent morbidity in CF are of wide interest. Here, we investigated the effects of the proresolving lipid mediator resolvin (Rv) D1 on mucus‐related inflammation as a proof‐of‐concept to alleviate the burden of lung disease and restore exercise intolerance in CF. We tested the effects of RvD1 on inflammatory responses of human organotypic airways and leukocytes to CF mucus and of humanized mice expressing the epithelial Na + channel (βENaC‐Tg) having CF‐like mucus obstruction, lung disease, and physical exercise intolerance. RvD1 reduced pathogenic phenotypes of CF‐airway supernatant (ASN)‐stimulated human neutrophils, including loss of L‐selectin shedding and CD16. RNASeq analysis identified select transcripts and pathways regulated by RvD1 in ASN‐stimulated CF bronchial epithelial cells that are involved in sugar metabolism, NF‐κB activation and inflammation, and response to stress. In in vivo inflammation using βENaC TG mice, RvD1 reduced total leukocytes, PMN, and interstitial Siglec‐MΦ when given at 6–8 weeks of age, and in older mice at 10–12 weeks of age, along with the decrease of pro‐inflammatory chemokines and increase of anti‐inflammatory IL‐10. Furthermore, RvD1 treatment promoted the resolution of pulmonary exacerbation caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and significantly enhanced physical activity and energy expenditure associated with mucus obstruction, which was impaired in βENaC‐Tg mice compared with wild‐type. These results demonstrate that RvD1 can rectify features of CF and offer proof‐of‐concept for its therapeutic application in this and other muco‐obstructive lung diseases.
Nail Plate Combination Fixation Versus Lateral Locked Plating for Distal Femur Fractures: A Multicenter Experience
Authors: Shi Brendan Y. , Brodke Dane J. , O'Hara Nathan , Devana Sai , Hernandez Adolfo , Burke Cynthia , Gupta Jayesh , McKibben Natasha , O'Toole Robert , Morellato John , Gillon Hunter , Walters Murphy , Barber Colby , Perdue Paul , Dekeyser Graham , Steffenson Lillia , Marchand Lucas , Shymon Stephen , Fairres Marshall James , Black Loren , Working Zachary , Roddy Erika , El Naga Ashraf , Hogue Matthew , Gulbrandsen Trevor , Atassi Omar , Mitchell Thomas , Lee Christopher 
Published: October 2023

Objectives:
To (1) report on clinical, radiographic, and functional outcomes after nail-plate fixation (NPF) of distal femur fractures and (2) compare outcomes after NPF with a propensity matched cohort of fractures treated with single precontoured lateral locking plates.

Design:
Multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Ten Level 1 trauma centers.

Patients/Participants:
Patients with OTA/AO 33A or 33C fractures.

Intervention:
Fixation with (1) retrograde intramedullary nail combined with lateral locking plate (n = 33) or (2) single precontoured lateral locking plate alone (n = 867).

Main Outcome Measurements:
The main outcomes of interest were all-cause unplanned reoperation and presence of varus collapse at final follow-up.

Results:
One nail-plate patient underwent unplanned reoperation excluding infection and 2 underwent reoperation for infection at an average of 57 weeks after surgery. No nail-plate patients required unplanned reoperation to promote union and none exhibited varus collapse. More than 90% were ambulatory with no or minimal pain at final follow-up. In comparison, 7 of the 30 matched lateral locked plating patients underwent all-cause unplanned reoperation excluding infection (23% vs. 3%, P = 0.023), and an additional 3 lateral locked plating patients were found to have varus collapse on final radiographs (10% vs. 0%, P = 0.069).

Conclusions:
Despite a high proportion of high-energy, open, and comminuted fractures, no NPF patients underwent unplanned reoperation to promote union or demonstrated varus collapse. Propensity score matched analysis revealed significantly lower rates of nonunion for NPF compared with lateral locked plating alone. Larger studies are needed to identify which distal femur fracture patients would most benefit from NPF.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Open Fixation After Preperitoneal Pelvic Packing Is Associated With a High Surgical Site Infection Rate
Authors: Kim Ye Joon , Scott Bryan L. , Pieracci Fredric M. , Moore Ernest E. , Mauffrey Cyril , Parry Joshua A. 
Published: October 2023

Objectives:
To evaluate the incidence of pelvic space surgical site infection (SSI) after preperitoneal pelvic packing (PPP) for persistent hemodynamic instability.

Design:
Retrospective comparative study.

Setting:
Urban Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
83 patients who received PPP and 55 patients who had open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the anterior pelvic ring without PPP.

Intervention:
Operative fixation.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Pelvic space SSI.

Results:
The SSI rate in the PPP group was 31.3% (26/83) compared with 10.9% (6/55) in the control group (proportional difference 20.4%, confidence interval (CI) 6.4–32.5, P = 0.007). Patients in the PPP group (n = 43) were 1:1 propensity score matched with patients in the control group to account for differences in Injury Severity Score and American Society of Anesthesiologists score. In this matched cohort, the rate of pelvic space SSI remained higher in the PPP group compared with that in the control group (30.2% vs. 9.3%; proportional difference 20.9%, CI, 3.7–36.3; P = 0.02). On multivariate analysis of the PPP group, anterior ORIF (odds ratio 6.56, CI, 2.00–21.47, P = 0.002) was found to be independently associated with SSI.

Conclusions:
PPP is an independent risk factor of space SSI. The likelihood of SSI after PPP is increased with anterior ORIF. The morbidity of SSI after PPP must be weighed against the risk of exsanguination.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Identification and Management of a Central Type 2 Big Bubble in Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Authors: Wileman Justin M. , Price Marianne O. , Price Francis W. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to document a case of central type 2 bubble formation during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and discuss its intraoperative management.

Methods:
A rare case of central type 2 bubble formation with no peripheral extension beyond the trephination mark was documented with operative video and concurrent intraoperative optical coherence tomography imaging.

Results:
The type 2 bubble was decompressed with a needle intraoperatively, and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty was successfully performed without perforation of Descemet membrane.

Conclusions:
Identifying formation of a type 2 bubble during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty is crucial in avoiding perforation of Descemet membrane. This case shows that the behavior of type 2 bubbles can be different than what has been widely reported. It is hoped that this will aid the surgeon in identifying a type 2 bubble and in properly managing it intraoperatively.
Lenticule Intrastromal Keratoplasty for the Correction of Iatrogenic High Hyperopia
Authors: Lin Feng , Han Xiaosong , Liu Shengtao , Wei Ruoyan , Zhou Xingtao , Li Meiyan 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and predictability of lenticule intrastromal keratoplasty (LIKE) for the correction of iatrogenic high hyperopia.

Methods:
Three patients (4 eyes) were referred to our department because of overcorrection of myopia induced by femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis. All eyes exhibited hyperopia (between +4.00 and +8.00 D) and thin corneas ranging from 307 to 378 μm. Because of the regression of the use of laser ablation to correct high hyperopia and thin corneas, we initially adopted LIKE to correct iatrogenic high hyperopia in all 4 eyes. The uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction, corneal topography, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography findings were recorded during each follow-up evaluation.

Results:
No postoperative complications, such as interface haze and opacification, were observed in the 4 eyes during each follow-up evaluation, with an average follow-up of 9.50 months. All eyes had significantly improved UDVA postoperatively. A total of 3 eyes achieved an UDVA of 20/25 or better while the other 1 eye had an UDVA of 20/40 postoperatively. In addition, 2 of the 4 eyes had a postoperative UDVA equal to or better than preoperative CDVA. No eyes lost any CDVA lines. All 4 eyes were within ±0.50 D of the spherical power (intended target of 0). The central corneal thickness and curvature of the anterior corneal surface in all 4 eyes increased postoperatively. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography revealed that the lenticule was transparent, with no wrinkles or offsets, during each follow-up evaluation.

Conclusions:
LIKE for the correction of iatrogenic hyperopia has good efficacy and safety. Although an extremely thin cornea after overcorrection may not be suitable for hyperopic laser enhancement, LIKE is a good choice because of its good predictability and ability to restore the normal corneal structure.