bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Access
Authors: Murray Mark , Berwick Donald M. 
Published: March 2003

Delay of care is a persistent and undesirable feature of current health care systems. Although delay seems to be inevitable and linked to resource limitations, it often is neither. Rather, it is usually the result of unplanned, irrational scheduling and resource allocation. Application of queuing theory and principles of industrial engineering, adapted appropriately to clinical settings, can reduce delay substantially, even in small practices, without requiring additional resources. One model, sometimes referred to asadvanced access, has increasingly been shown to reduce waiting times in primary care. The core principle of advanced access is that patients calling to schedule a physician visit are offered an appointment the same day. Advanced access is not sustainable if patient demand for appointments is permanently greater than physician capacity to offer appointments. Six elements of advanced access are important in its applicationbalancing supply and demand, reducing backlog, reducing the variety of appointment types, developing contingency plans for unusual circumstances, working to adjust demand profiles, and increasing the availability of bottleneck resources. Although these principles are powerful, they are counter to deeply held beliefs and established practices in health care organizations. Adopting these principles requires strong leadership investment and support.
Staff survey results and characteristics that predict assault and injury to personnel working in mental health facilities
Authors: Cunningham Julie , Connor Daniel F. , Miller Kevin , Melloni Richard H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to complete a mental health staff opinion survey to identify patient and staff characteristics associated with staff assault and injury in psychiatric treatment settings and to develop a model of prediction for staff assault and injury utilizing these survey variables. The data consisted of opinion surveys sent to staff of 15 child, adolescent, and adult psychiatry inpatient units in the United States. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the level of assault and staff‐reported injury prediction that could be obtained from the staff‐completed opinion survey. Responses indicated a high prevalence of reported aggression, with 62.3% of staff endorsing verbal and physical aggression, property destruction, and self‐injurious behavior as being prevalent at their site, whereas only 4.1% rated none of these as prevalent. Staff working with children and adolescents in settings with high rates of psychiatric diagnoses reported increased frequency of assault and injury compared with those working with adults. Younger, less experienced staff reported higher rates of assault and injury. Staff working with female patients reported similar rates of assault and injury to those working with males. A logistic regression analysis using staff‐reported survey results of both staff and patient characteristics predicted assault correctly 73.7% of the time and injury 66.1% of the time. Resources for violence prevention and staff training programs in violence prevention are needed in child and adolescent psychiatry wards. Results are consistent with theories emphasizing the importance of negative emotions and affects, impulsivity, and frustration in goal‐directed activities in human aggression. Aggr. Behav. 29:31–40, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strain‐specific aggressive behavior of male mice submitted to different husbandry procedures
Authors: Van Loo P.L.P. , Van der Meer E. , Kruitwagen C.L.J.J. , Koolhaas J.M. , Van Zutphen L.F.M. , Baumans V. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSevere aggression within groups of male laboratory mice can cause serious welfare problems. Previous experiments have shown that the transfer of specific olfactory cues during cage cleaning and the provision of nesting material decrease aggression and stress in group‐housed male mice. In this study, the combined effect of these husbandry procedures was tested for their long‐term effect on aggression in two strains of male mice (BALB/c and CD‐1). We used postcleaning aggressive behavior, wound counts, and testosterone levels as indicators of aggressiveness. Physiological responses to social challenge were investigated through urinary corticosterone and adrenal tyrosine‐hydroxylase measurements. Furthermore, the aggression‐modulating effects of two enrichment items (ShepherdShack/DesRes and PVC tube) were explored. Marked differences were found between the two strains. CD‐1 mice were more aggressive, had higher testosterone levels but lower corticosterone levels, and had fewer wounds than BALB/c mice. However, in neither of the two strains was long‐term enrichment with nesting material and its transfer after cage cleaning effective in lasting reduction of intermale aggression. This may be explained by the fact that aggression levels were generally low. It seems that housing mice in small, socially stable groups or keeping social disturbances to a minimum considerably modulates aggression in group‐housed male mice. Mice of both strains housed in cages enriched with nesting material had lower urinary corticosterone levels than standard‐housed mice. We therefore conclude that the long‐term provision of nesting material, including the transfer of nesting material during cage cleaning, may enhance the welfare of laboratory mice. Aggr. Behav. 29:69–80, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cognitive procedures for correcting proxy‐response biases in surveys
Authors: Todorov Alexander 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTo reduce survey costs, major surveys rely on self‐ and proxy‐responses. The use of proxies can reduce data quality introducing biases in the survey estimates. This paper identifies one source of systematic differences between self‐ and proxy‐reports: proxies' higher reliance on inferences. Using data from the National Health Interview Survey on Disability (NHIS‐D), proxy‐response biases were modelled by independently collected measures of cognitive inferences. Conditional likelihood judgements about a number of disabilities (e.g. likelihood that a person has a disability given another disability) predicted the conditional disability reports for proxy‐ but not for self‐respondents (e.g. the proportion of respondents who reported difficulty learning after reporting difficulty communicating). A model of self/proxy differences was estimated on data from the 1994 NHIS‐D and tested against 1995 data. The correlation between predicted and actual differences was 0.76. The correlation between predicted and actual proxy‐reports was 0.95. Such research can be used to estimate and correct for systematic proxy‐response biases. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Verbal overshadowing of multiple face and car recognition: effects of within‐ versus across‐category verbal descriptions
Authors: Brown Charity , Lloyd‐Jones Toby J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe present four experiments examining ‘verbal overshadowing’ (the phenomenon that verbally describing a stimulus can interfere with subsequent recognition of that stimulus) using a new multiple stimuli presentation paradigm. Participants are exposed to 12 to‐be‐remembered stimuli (faces or cars) and then describe (or not, in the control condition) a related stimulus (a 13th face or car). Subsequently, participants have to discriminate the original 12 stimuli from 12 distracters (in a ‘yes/no’ recognition decision). Verbal overshadowing occurs for both accuracy and response times for both face and car recognition, when participants have previously described a face. When participants describe a car prior to recognition, however, verbal overshadowing does not occur. We argue that (1) the paradigm provides a new tool for studying verbal overshadowing and (2) verbal overshadowing is not ‘semantic category‐bound’ (i.e. limited to describing stimuli within the same semantic category). We interpret these findings within a ‘transfer‐inappropriate retrieval’ framework (Schooler et al., 1997). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐Crystalline Barium Titanate Nanowires
Authors: Urban J.J. , Spanier J.E. , Ouyang L. , Yun W.S. , Park H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSingle‐crystalline barium titanate nanowires are synthesized using a solution‐based method, and their ferroelectric properties are investigated by scanning probe microscopy. Pristine nanowires have diameters ranging from 5 to 70 nm and lengths exceeding 10 μm, and they possess perovskite structures with a principal axis aligned along the wire axis. Scanning probe microscopy investigations show that local non‐volatile electric polarization can be reproducibly induced and manipulated on nanowires as small as 10 nm in diameter.
Nanobelts, Nanowires, and Nanodiskettes of Semiconducting Oxides—From Materials to Nanodevices
Authors: Wang Z.L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNovel nanostructures of semiconducting oxides are reviewed here. It is shown that nanobelts, nanowires, and nanodiskettes of materials such as zinc oxide, gallium oxide, silica, and tin oxide can be fabricated using a vapor‐phase evaporation method. Two applications of these materials—in field effect transistors and as gas sensors—are highlighted.
Supercritical Fluid–Liquid–Solid (SFLS) Synthesis of Si and Ge Nanowires Seeded by Colloidal Metal Nanocrystals
Authors: Hanrath T. , Korgel B.A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSemiconductor nanowires, 5 to 20 nm in diameter and micrometers in length, appear to be promising candidates for a variety of new technologies, including computing, memory, and sensor applications. Suitable for these applications, silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) nanowires ranging from 4 to 30 nm in diameter and micrometers in length can be produced in high temperature supercritical fluids by thermally degrading organosilane or organogermane precursors in the presence of organic‐monolayer‐protected gold nanocrystals. Although gas phase vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) methods can be used to produce a variety of different nanowire materials, high temperature supercritical fluids provide wire size control through nanocrystal size selection prior to synthesis, and high product yields due to the high precursor solubility.
Rational Synthesis of Metal Nanotubes and Nanowires from Lamellar Structures
Authors: Wang J. , Li Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA generic method has been developed for the synthesis of crystalline metal nanowires or nanotubes (such as bismuth nanotubes, tungsten nanowires) from lamellar structures. In a typical process, lamellar surfactant/inorganic composite precursors are first prepared by reacting cationic or anionic surfactants with inorganic species under appropriate conditions. After treating these precursors by hydrothermal pyrolysis, or other processes, crystalline metallic nanotubes or nanowires are obtained.
Solvothermal Route to Semiconductor Nanowires
Authors: Tang K.‐B. , Qian Y.‐T. , Zeng J.‐H. , Yang X.‐G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSolvothermal synthesis is an important technology for the preparation of nanowires at low temperature. Nanowires can grow as long as 100 μm with the aid of polymer matrix, and under the pressure generated by solvothermal reactions, the as‐prepared nanowires are well crystallized. For water‐sensitive reactions, solvothermal reactions can fully avoid the presence of water. We discuss here the synthesis of a variety of nanowire structures, including CdS–CdSe core–sheath nanowires and very long CdS nanowires, and the solvothermal closure of PbS nanowires. Now that an appropriate procedure has been established, the solvothermal reactions are efficient and time‐saving.
Serum homocysteine, thermolabile variant of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and venous thromboembolism: Longitudinal investigation of thromboembolism etiology (LITE)
Authors: Tsai Albert W. , Cushman Mary , Tsai Michael Y. , Heckbert Susan R. , Rosamond Wayne D. , Aleksic Nena , Yanez N. David , Psaty Bruce M. , Folsom Aaron R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe sought to examine prospectively the association of serum homocysteine and the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism with risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). We studied these relationships in a nested case–control study of 303 VTE cases and 635 matched controls from a population‐based cohort of 21,680 adults from six U.S. communities. The highest quintile of serum homocysteine carried a non‐statistically significant adjusted odds ratio of 1.55 (95% CI, 0.93–2.58) compared to the lowest quintile in the overall cohort but a significant association among adults aged 45–64 years (OR = 2.05, 95% CI, 1.10–3.83) and an inverse association in those ≥65 years of age. Carriers of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism were not at higher risk for VTE than those with normal genotype (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.56–0.98). Our prospective data showed, at most, a weak relationship between homocysteine and VTE risk, with associations larger among younger participants. MTHFR C677T was not a risk factor for VTE. Am. J. Hematol. 72:192–200, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dental variation of ryukyu islanders: A comparative study among Ryukyu, Ainu, and other Asian populations
Authors: Higa Takako , Hanihara Tsunehiko , Sunakawa Hajime , Ishida Hajime 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe presence or absence of 24 nonmetric dental traits was examined to investigate the inter‐ and intraregional variation of Ryukyu Islanders. We compared the dentition of the Kadena sample from the central district of Okinawa Island in the Ryukyu Island chain to those of samples from Nakijin from the northern district of the same Okinawa Island, Tokunoshima, another island of the Ryukyu Island chain, main‐island Japanese in Kagoshima and Tokyo, Hokkaido Ainu, Atayal in Taiwan, and Pashtuns and Tajiks in Afghanistan. Many traits of the Ryukyu Islanders were found to be close to those of the main‐island Japanese; however, several were intermediate between those of the main‐island Japanese and the Ainu or Atayal. The intraregional variation in the Ryukyu Islanders was comparable to that in the main‐island Japanese. This result supports the influence of a complex gene flow to the Ryukyu Islanders, as suggested by some genetic studies. Among the populations compared here, that closest to the Ainu was the population of Tokunoshima. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 15:127–143, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of maternal age and maternal somatic characteristics on newborn size
Authors: Kirchengast Sylvia , Hartmann Beda 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPregnancies during early adolescence were commonly thought to represent special risks, such as preterm delivery or low‐weight newborns, resulting in increased mortality and morbidity of mother and child. An important biopsychosocial interaction can be assumed. In the present study the impact of maternal age and maternal somatic characteristics such as prepregnancy weight, stature, or pregnancy weight gain on newborn somatometric features (birth weight, birth length, head circumference, and arcomial circumference) using a dataset of 8,011 single term births were analyzed. The offspring of 215 extremely young mothers ages 12–16 years were significantly (P < 0.0001) lighter and smaller in all body dimensions than the offspring of older adolescent mothers, ages 17–19 years, and the offspring of adult gravida, ages 20–29 years, although no increased incidence of low‐weight newborns (<2,500g) could be observed. As expected, the youngest mothers were also significantly smaller and lighter than their older, biologically more mature counterparts, although the relative weight gain during pregnancy was highest in the youngest age group (23.4% vs. 22.9 and 22.1%, respectively). In general, age but also pregnancy weight gain and prepregnancy weight status were significantly associated with pregnancy outcome. Within term births taking place under sufficient psychosocial support, maternal somatic features had an important impact on newborn size. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 15:220–228, 2003. ©2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Broad thumbs and halluces with deafness: A patient with Keipert syndrome
Authors: Reardon William , Hall Christine M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractClinical, radiological, and audiological features are described in a boy whose condition closely parallels the profile of patients previously described with Keipert syndrome. This case represents the fourth report of this rare disorder. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prenatal diagnosis of a trisomy 7/maternal uniparental heterodisomy 7 mosaic fetus
Authors: Bilimoria Karl Y. , Rothenberg Jeffrey M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractChromosomal segregation anomalies often result in trisomy of a single chromosome, which can lead to a disastrous phenotype in the fetus. However, this trisomy is often “rescued” via loss of one of the triploid chromosomes. Depending on which chromosome is eliminated in the rescue, a condition known as uniparental disomy may arise where both copies of a particular chromosome pair originate from the same parent. Here we describe the case of a 32‐year‐old woman who was prenatally diagnosed with trisomy 7 mosaicism via amniocentesis. Forty‐one percent of the colonies analyzed displayed trisomy 7 (two maternal chromosomes and one paternal chromosome); whereas, 59% of the colonies demonstrated a normal, disomic karyotype. Further analysis revealed that the “normal” cell lineage displayed maternal uniparental heterodisomy. Chorionic villus tissue was homogenously trisomic, and cord blood cells were uniformly disomic. This is the first case of trisomy 7/uniparental disomy 7 mosaic fetus reported in the literature. It is important to note that not all such cases will result in lethality or a fetus with major anatomic, developmental, or cognitive abnormalities. In addition, the benefit of pre‐ and post‐screening test counseling and support is discussed in reference to fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities in general and our case in particular. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unexpected survival in a case of prenatally diagnosed non‐mosaic trisomy 22: Clinical report and review of the natural history
Authors: Tinkle Brad T. , Walker Martha E. , Blough‐Pfau Ruthann I. , Saal Howard M. , Hopkin Robert J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOver 30 cases of complete non‐mosaic trisomy 22 have been reported in the literature in the last 20 years [Crowe et al., 1997: Am J Med Genet 71:406–413]. Twenty‐two infants were liveborn with an average life expectancy of four days. Of these, nine survived beyond the first two weeks of life. The life span ranged from minutes to 3 years of age. We report a case of an infant diagnosed prenatally with complete non‐mosaic trisomy 22. Options such as aggressive medical/surgical intervention or limiting interventions to symptomatic care including home hospice were discussed openly. Given this information, the family elected to provide minimal supportive measures with pediatric hospice. The infant lived for 2 months with her family before her death. Numerous medical and surgical complications are associated with this disorder. Both the family and the medical team must be prepared for in utero fetal demise, stillbirth, or for limited life expectancy. Proper management, therefore, depends upon an understanding of the diagnosis. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elucidating the role of genetic factors in smoking behavior and nicotine dependence
Authors: Lerman Caryn , Berrettini Wade 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDespite over a decade of intensive tobacco control efforts, a substantial proportion of the world's population continues to smoke. With advances in molecular biology and genomics technology, attention is focusing on the genetic basis of addiction to nicotine. The hope is that by better understanding the biology of nicotine addiction, novel prevention and cessation strategies can be developed and targeted to individuals most likely to benefit. This article provides an overview of currently available data from genetics research on smoking behavior and discusses study design issues to be addressed to make progress in this line of research. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suicide and serotonin: Study of variation at seven serotonin receptor genes in suicide completers
Authors: Turecki G. , Sequeira A. , Gingras Y. , Séguin M. , Lesage A. , Tousignant M. , Chawky N. , Vanier C. , Lipp O. , Benkelfat C. , Rouleau G.A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSuicide is an important public health problem, accounting for a significant proportion of total mortality among young people, particularly males. There is growing and consistent evidence suggesting that genetic factors play an important role in the predisposition to suicide. Based on several lines of evidence supporting a reduced serotonergic neurotransmission in subjects who committed suicide, we investigated variation at genes that code for serotonin receptor 1B (5‐HTR1B), 1Dα (5‐HTR1Dα), 1E (5‐HTR1E), 1F (5‐HTR1F), 2C (5‐HTR2C), 5A (5‐HTR5A), and 6 (5‐HTR6) in a total sample of 106 suicide completers and 120 normal controls. No differences were observed in allelic or genotypic distributions between groups for any of the loci investigated. Moreover, further analysis according to suicide method or psychopathology also failed to reveal differences between groups. Our results do not support a substantial role of these serotonergic receptors in suicide completion. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Allelic variation in serotonin transporter function associated with the intensity dependence of the auditory evoked potential
Authors: Strobel A. , Debener S. , Schmidt D. , Hünnerkopf R. , Lesch K‐P. , Brocke B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe intensity dependence of the auditory evoked potential (AEP) has been suggested as an indicator of central serotonergic function, a strong intensity dependence presumably reflecting low serotonergic activity. As individual differences in serotonergic neurotransmission can be accounted for in part by genetic variation in genes of the serotonergic pathway, we investigated whether a functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5‐HTTLPR) is associated with the AEP intensity dependence. Because dopaminergic influences on the intensity dependence have also been reported, we furthermore explored the role of a functional polymorphism in the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4 exon III) in the modulation of the AEP intensity dependence. AEPs to tones of six intensity levels were recorded from 60 healthy young individuals, and N1/P2 linear as well as median slopes at central electrode sites were computed as measures of the AEP intensity dependence. Analyses of variance showed that there was a significant effect of the 5‐HTTLPR on the AEP intensity dependence. Individuals with the ll genotype exhibited a stronger intensity dependence compared to individuals with the ls genotype. This effect was even more pronounced when DRD4 exon III was considered in the analyses. In conclusion, these findings provide further evidence for a role of serotonergic neurotransmission in the modulation of the AEP intensity dependence. The results also point to possible dopaminergic influences on the AEP intensity dependence. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.