bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light‐colored conductive nanorod‐mediated co‐continuous polypropylene/poly(butylene succinate) blends: Regulatory mechanism, morphology evolution, electrical, and optical properties
Authors: Gui Haoguan , He Yong , Bahader Ali , Zhang Renzhi , Zuo Shixiang , Bao Guangfu , Diao Pinyun , Yao Chao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt is still a critical challenge to prepare engineering plastics with multi‐functionalities and high‐performances while considering their aesthetic properties and dyeing processes. In this study, a light‐colored conductive nanorod (CNR) was employed to mediate the morphology of immiscible polypropylene/poly(butylene succinate) (PP/PBS) blends. The CNR could be only located in polar PBS phase to effectively control the viscoelasticity ratio between binary phases. By incorporating just 9 per hundred resins (phr) of CNR, the sea‐island structure of PP/PBS (70/30) would transform a stable co‐continuous morphology of PP/PBS/CNR (70/30/9). The addition of CNR led to a significant reduction in blends' surface resistivity and volume resistivity. Simultaneously, the mechanical properties and appearance colors of the ternary blends were improved. The effect of CNR in morphological mediation was further verified with PP/poly(butylene adipate terephthalate)/CNR (PP/PBAT/CNR) and PP/poly(ε‐caprolactone)/CNR (PP/PCL/CNR) blends. In summary, this work provided a desirable engineering plastic, demonstrating permanent antistatic performance, improved mechanical properties and good colorability.
Comparative cranial biomechanics reveal that Late Cretaceous tyrannosaurids exerted relatively greater bite force than in early‐diverging tyrannosauroids
Authors: Johnson‐Ransom Evan , Li Feng , Xu Xing , Ramos Raul , Midzuk Adam J. , Thon Ulrike , Atkins‐Weltman Kyle , Snively Eric 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTyrannosaurus has been an exemplar organism in feeding biomechanical analyses. An adult Tyrannosaurus could exert a bone‐splintering bite force, through expanded jaw muscles and a robust skull and teeth. While feeding function of adult Tyrannosaurus has been thoroughly studied, such analyses have yet to expand to other tyrannosauroids, especially early‐diverging tyrannosauroids (Dilong, Proceratosaurus, and Yutyrannus). In our analysis, we broadly assessed the cranial and feeding performance of tyrannosauroids at varying body sizes. Our sample size included small (Proceratosaurus and Dilong), medium‐sized (Teratophoneus), and large (Tarbosaurus, Daspletosaurus, Gorgosaurus, and Yutyrannus) tyrannosauroids, and incorporation of tyrannosaurines at different ontogenetic stages (small juvenile Tarbosaurus, Raptorex, and mid‐sized juvenile Tyrannosaurus). We used jaw muscle force calculations and finite element analysis to comprehend the cranial performance of our tyrannosauroids. Scaled subtemporal fenestrae areas and calculated jaw muscle forces show that broad‐skulled tyrannosaurines (Tyrannosaurus, Daspletosaurus, juvenile Tyrannosaurus, and Raptorex) exhibited higher jaw muscle forces than other similarly sized tyrannosauroids (Gorgosaurus, Yutyrannus, and Proceratosaurus). The large proceratosaurid Yutyrannus exhibited lower cranial stress than most adult tyrannosaurids. This suggests that cranial structural adaptations of large tyrannosaurids maintained adequate safety factors at greater bite force, but their robust crania did not notably decrease bone stress. Similarly, juvenile tyrannosaurines experienced greater cranial stress than similarly‐sized earlier tyrannosauroids, consistent with greater adductor muscle forces in the juveniles, and with crania no more robust than in their small adult predecessors. As adult tyrannosauroid body size increased, so too did relative jaw muscle forces manifested even in juveniles of giant adults.
Can lung airway geometry be used to predict autism? A preliminary machine learning‐based study
Authors: Islam Asef , Ronco Anthony , Becker Stephen M. , Blackburn Jeremiah , Schittny Johannes C. , Kim Kyoungmi , Stein‐Wexler Rebecca , Wexler Anthony S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe goal of this study is to assess the feasibility of airway geometry as a biomarker for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Chest computed tomography images of children with a documented diagnosis of ASD as well as healthy controls were identified retrospectively. Fifty‐four scans were obtained for analysis, including 31 ASD cases and 23 controls. A feature selection and classification procedure using principal component analysis and support vector machine achieved a peak cross validation accuracy of nearly 89% using a feature set of eight airway branching angles. Sensitivity was 94%, but specificity was only 78%. The results suggest a measurable difference in airway branching angles between children with ASD and the control population.
Aptabinding of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) inhibits its proinflammatory effects and alleviates islet inflammation
Authors: Mahmoud Roaa , Kalivarathan Jagan , Castillo Abdul J. , Wang Sasha , Fuglestad Brian , Kanak Mazhar A. , Dhakal Soma 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPancreatic islet cell transplantation (ICT) has emerged as an effective therapy for diabetic patients lacking endogenous insulin production. However, the islet graft function is compromised by a nonspecific inflammatory and thrombotic reaction known as the instant blood‐meditated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR). Here, we report the characterization of four single‐stranded DNA aptamers that bind specifically to TNFα – a pivotal cytokine that causes proinflammatory signaling during the IBMIR process – using single molecule binding analysis and functional assays as a means to assess the aptamers’ ability to block TNFα activity and inhibiting the downstream proinflammatory gene expression in the islets. Our single‐molecule fluorescence analyses of mono‐ and multivalent aptamers showed that they were able to bind effectively to TNFα with monoApt2 exhibiting the strongest binding (Kd ∼ 0.02 ± 0.01 nM), which is ∼3 orders of magnitude smaller than the Kd of the other aptamers. Furthermore, the in vitro cell viability analysis demonstrated an optimal and safe dosage of 100 μM for monoApt2 compared to 50 μM for monoApt1 and significant protection from proinflammatory cytokine‐mediated cell death. More interestingly, monoApt2 reversed the upregulation of IBMIR mediating genes induced by TNFα in the human islets, and this was comparable to established TNFα antagonists. Both monoaptamers showed high specificity and selectivity for TNFα. Collectively, these findings suggest the potential use of aptamers as anti‐inflammatory and localized immune‐modulating agents for cellular transplant therapy.
The mechanism of bone healing after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Xiong Yuan , Zhong Wenbin , Mi Bobin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA growing body of evidence suggests that patients who experience traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) exhibit significantly shorter healing periods compared to those with isolated fractures. However, the precise underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear. Recent studies have shed light on the potential role of hormonal signals and neural circuits originating in the hypothalamus, which play vital roles in regulating the skeletal system. Despite these advances, there is a lack of comprehensive research summarizing the crucial role of bone healing in TBIs and the underlying mechanisms. This review aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms responsible for the accelerated bone healing observed in TBI patients, with a specific focus on the intricate crosstalk between TBI and bone remodeling. Additionally, we comprehensively discuss and summarize the beneficial effects of TBI on the skeletal system and examine the TBI‐induced signaling pathways that result in accelerated fracture healing and bone remodeling. By dissecting these pathways, we aim to identify potential targets for intervention and bone repair promotion.
Data‐Driven Analysis of Amine‐Based Sorbents for CO2 Removal from the Atmosphere
Authors: Bahmanpour Ali M. , Tegeler Ed B. , Colbert Tyler , Masoudi Mansour 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAvailable data on amine‐based sorbents used for the direct air capture (DAC) process were gathered and analyzed to identify the correlations between various aspects of these sorbents and the operating conditions they are used in. It is demonstrated that a moderately high temperature (∼ 50 °C) can help with higher CO2 capture capacity. The effect of sorbent preparation method on its activity and stability was studied. Also, the influence of amine groups and support choice on amine efficiency and CO2 capture capacity was discussed. The DAC process conditions proved to play a major role in determining the optimal sorbent. An outlook for characteristics to be sought for in future DAC sorbents for CO2 removal is proposed.
Prognostic value of the NEWS + Lactate score in patients with decompensated heart failure in the emergency department
Authors: Guzelce Mustafa Can , Colak Nese , Ucar Gucluhan , Orhan Ertug 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsThe National Early Warning Score (NEWS) is a scoring system that predicts increased mortality and morbidity in critical diseases. The National Early Warning Score + Lactate (NEWS + L) score was created by adding lactate values to this scoring system. In our study, we aimed to determine the value of the NEWS + L score in predicting clinical deterioration in patients presenting with acute decompensated heart failure (chronic heart failure).Methods and resultsIn this observational, cross‐sectional study, patients with decompensated heart failure who were admitted to the emergency department between 1 October 2020 and 31 December 2020 were included. Patients were divided into two groups: those with and without poor prognostic outcomes. The main outcomes were in‐hospital mortality, discharge after treatment in the emergency department, admission to the ward, and admission to the intensive care unit. We analysed a total of 141 applications from 130 patients. The mean age was 72.6 ± 11.8 years, and 50.8% were female. Poor prognostic outcomes were observed in 92 (65%) patients. There was no difference between the patients with and without poor prognostic outcomes in terms of mean age, gender, and comorbidities, except for atrial fibrillation. There was a statistically significant difference between the patients without and with poor prognosis outcomes in terms of NEWS {3 [interquartile range (IQR): 0–5] and 6 [IQR: 3–8]} and NEWS + L scores [4.7 (IQR: 2.3–7.2) and 8.0 (IQR: 5.2–10.4)] (P < 0.001). The area under the curve values for predicting poor prognosis were calculated as 0.719 for NEWS, 0.734 for NEWS + L, and 0.601 for lactate values. The rate of poor prognostic outcomes was higher (79%) in patients with moderate and high NEWS scores. Patients with Q1 NEWS + L scores had a lower rate of poor prognostic outcomes, while patients with Q2, Q3, and Q4 scores of NEWS + L had a higher rate of poor prognostic outcomes.ConclusionsThe NEWS score and the addition of the lactate value to this score, the NEWS + L score, were higher in patients with poor prognostic outcomes who presented with decompensated heart failure in our emergency department. NEWS + L slightly outperformed the NEWS score in predicting prognosis. The NEWS + L score shows promise as a prognostic indicator for patients with decompensated heart failure presenting to the emergency department.
Reconsidering agricultural credits and agricultural production nexus from a global perspective
Authors: Ozdemir Dicle 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccess to credit has been a key component in protecting a country's agriculture sector against uncertainties and climate‐related shocks. Agricultural credits may also increase both agribusiness sectors' and farming‐related commercial activities' exposure to world markets. This study aims to investigate agricultural credits' short‐run and long‐run effects on agricultural production using control variables such as foreign direct investments, inflation rate, and government expenditures. We found that credits to agriculture affect value‐added agriculture positively in the long‐run; specifically, when agricultural credits increase by 1%, value‐added agriculture will increase by 0.19%; that is, an increase in credits to the agricultural sector leads to a significant increase in value‐added agriculture, while FDI and government size both reduce agricultural value‐added across countries. The findings of the pairwise causation test show that bidirectional causal links exist among almost all variables, validating feedback among agricultural value‐added, credit to agriculture, FDI, government expenditures, and inflation.
Lactobacillus plantarum J26 postbiotics alleviate high‐fat and high‐cholesterol diet‐induced hypercholesterolemia via regulating the LXRα‐CYP7A1‐bile acid‐excretion pathway
Authors: Zheng Miao , Ma Ming , Wang Linge , Yang Xinyan , Zhang Yu , Man Chaoxin , Zhao Qianyu , Jiang Yujun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPostbiotics have received increasing interest for their storage stability and safety compared to probiotics, as well as their potential functionality. In this study, edible Lactobacillus plantarum J26 postbiotics (J26P) were prepared by spray drying using skimmed milk as the medium, and 1113 compounds were identified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cholesterol lowering effect of J26P on hypercholesterolemic mice induced by a high‐fat and high‐cholesterol diet (HCD). The results suggest that J26P significantly alleviated weight gain and appetite reduction in HCD mice. J26P also improved serum and liver biochemical parameters at various levels, including lower total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) in the serum, and TC, TG, LDL‐C, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase in the liver, and increase high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum and liver. Moreover, liver histopathologic examinations revealed that J26P significantly inhibited fat accumulation and degeneration in hypercholesterolemic mice and increased the expression of liver uncoupling protein 1. Furthermore, the J26P intervention effectively promoted the reduction of cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic mice via the LXRα‐CYP7A1‐bile acid‐excretion pathway, which was corroborated by the increased fecal total cholesterol and fecal total bile acid levels. This work provided a theoretical basis for the industrial development of postbiotics and the alleviation of hypercholesterolemia and its complications.
Predictive value of hematological indices on incidence and severity of pulmonary embolism in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Radkhah Hanieh , Mansouri Ensieh Sadat , Rahimipour Anaraki Shiva  , Gholizadeh Mesgarha Milad , Sheikhy Ali , Khadembashiri Mohamad Mehdi , Khadembashiri Mohamad Amin , Eslami Mohamad , Mahmoodi Tara , Inanloo Behnaz , Pour Mohammad Arash 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a common complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which raises the COVID‐19 disease's fatality rate from 3% to 45%. Nevertheless, due to fairly indistinguishable clinical symptoms and a lack of validated clinical prediction models, PTE diagnosis in COVID‐19 patients is challenging. This study aims to investigate the applicability of hematological indices to predict PTE incidence and its severity in SARS‐CoV‐2 patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on hospitalized patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection who underwent CT angiography to assess probable PTE in them. The correlation between complete blood count parameters 1 day before CT angiography and CT angiography outcomes, and simplified pulmonary embolism severity index (s‐PESI) was investigated.ResultsWe discovered that among individuals with a probable PTE, males and those with higher platelet‐to‐lymphocyte (PLR) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte (NLR) ratios had a greater likelihood of PTE incidence (p < .001, .027, and .037, respectively). PLR was a significant and independent predictor of PTE with a p value of .045. Moreover, a higher neutrophil count was associated with a higher s‐PESI score in COVID‐19 patients developing PTE (p: .038).ConclusionsAmong hematological indices, NLR and more precisely PLR are cost‐effective and simply calculable markers that can assist physicians in determining whether or not COVID‐19 patients with clinically probable PTE require CT angiography and the higher neutrophil count can be employed as an indicator of PTE severity in COVID‐19 patients. Further large multicenter and prospective studies are warranted to corroborate these observations.
Posterior Palatal Expansion via Subnasal Endoscopy (2PENN) for Maxillary Deficiency: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jara Sebastian M. , Thuler Eric R. , Hutz Michael J. , Yu Jason L. , Cheong Crystal S. , Boucher Normand , Evans Marianna , Dedhia Raj C. 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveSurgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) addresses transverse maxillary deficiency, a known contributor to nasal obstruction. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility, preliminary outcomes, and safety of posterior palatal expansion via subnasal endoscopy (2PENN), a modified SARPE procedure, aimed at achieving anterior and posterior maxillary expansion.MethodsThis prospective case series included consecutive adult patients with findings of transverse maxillary deficiency that underwent the 2PENN procedure from 4/2021 to 4/2022. Patients completed pre‐ and post‐operative clinical evaluations, Nasal Obstruction and Septoplasty Effectiveness (NOSE) questionnaires, and computed tomography (CT), with measures including expansion at the level of the posterior nasal spine (PNS), first maxillary inter‐molar distance (IMD), and anterior nasal spine (ANS).ResultsThe cohort (N = 20) was middle‐aged (39 ± 11 years), predominantly male (80%), and overweight (BMI 28 ± 4 kg/m2). The majority (85%) of patients had sleep breathing issues, of which 10 (59%) had polysomnography‐confirmed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Full anterior–posterior separation of the mid‐palatal suture line was evident on all post‐operative CT scans, with mean expansion at the PNS of 3.6 ± 1.3 mm, IMD of 6.1 ± 1.6 mm and ANS of 7.0 ± 1.6 mm (p < 0.001). Following surgery, mean NOSE scores improved from 57 ± 23 to 14 ± 13 (p < 0.001). One patient required maxillary antrostomy for post‐operative sinusitis.Conclusion2PENN is an effective and safe technique for achieving both anterior and posterior maxillary expansion in patients with transverse maxillary deficiency. Further study is warranted to better understand the effect of 2PENN in patients with OSA, particularly as it relates to improving pharyngeal patency.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:1970–1977, 2024
Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Monitoring In Normohormonal Primary Hyperparathyroidism: How Low Do You Go?
Authors: Law Richard H. , Larrabee Katherine A. , Stefan Andrew J. , Quan Daniel L. , Peterson Edward L. , Singer Michael C. 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveThe primary goal of this study was to determine in patients with normohormonal primary hyperparathyroidism (NHHPT) what percent reduction in post‐excision intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) from baseline would yield a rate of cure comparable to that in patients with classical primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent parathyroidectomy between July 2013 and February 2020. Demographic data, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative metrics were collected. Patients with NHHPT were compared to those with classical PHPT. Subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsOf the 496 patients included in the study, 66 (13.3%) were of the normohormonal variant based on preoperative intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and 28 (5.6%) based on baseline IOPTH levels. The cure rates in the two normohormonal groups were not significantly different from their classical counterparts (98.4% and 100.0% vs. 97.1%, p = 1.000). The median percent decline in post‐excision IOPTH from baseline that achieved cure in the normohormonal groups were 82.6% and 80.4% compared to their respective controls at 87.3%, p = 0.011 and p = 0.001. Although the rate of multiglandular disease was higher in one of the normohormonal variant groups, this difference was due to a higher rate of double adenomas, not four‐gland hyperplasia.ConclusionPatients with NHHPT undergoing parathyroidectomy can expect cure rates similar to that in patients with classical PHPT. The results of this study indicate that achieving an 80% drop or more in IOPTH levels predicts a high likelihood of cure. This is true irrespective of whether the patient is deemed normohormonal based on preoperative or intraoperative testing.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:2480–2484, 2024
Pathogenesis of Reinke's Edema of the Vocal Fold
Authors: Sato Kiminobu , Kurita Takashi , Sato Fumihiko , Sato Kiminori , Chitose Shun‐ichi , Ono Takeharu , Umeno Hirohito 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThe most frequent etiologic factor of Reinke's edema (RE) is considered to be smoking. However, the mechanism for the onset and development of the disease remains unclear. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) is an oxygen‐dependent transcriptional activator which plays crucial roles in angiogenesis in hypoxic microenvironments. HIF‐1α induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which involves angiogenesis and enhances vascular permeability. This study investigated the roles of HIF‐1α in the pathogenesis of RE.MethodsSurgical specimens of RE from patients who underwent endolaryngeal microsurgery were used. Normal vocal folds were used as a control group. Expression of HIF‐1α and VEGF was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Three‐dimensional fine structures of the vessels in RE were investigated using correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) technique.ResultsHIF‐1α and VEGF were broadly expressed in the stromal, inflammatory, and endothelial cells in the lamina propria of the vocal fold of RE. The expression of HIF‐1α and VEGF of RE were significantly higher than in the lamina propria of the normal vocal fold mucosa. CLEM showed vascularization and telangiectasia and there were many dilated capillaries with thin endothelium not covered with pericytes indicating the vessels were fragile.ConclusionTranscription factor HIF‐1α and induced VEGF likely play roles in the pathogenesis of RE. And increased vascular permeability with fragile vessels in angiogenesis is likely to be an etiology of RE. Transcription factor HIF‐1α and induced VEGF are potential therapeutic targets for RE.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:1785–1791, 2024