bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Currently practiced formulations for the assembly line balance problem
Authors: Gunther Richard E , Johnson Gordon D , Peterson Roger S 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNew formulations for the assembly line balance problem are proposed based on interviews and surveys of practicing engineers. These formulations are the basis for a model in goal programming form. A branch‐and‐bound algorithm is developed which can solve the model for an optimum solution. Computational studies show that computer run time is very modest for moderate size problems.Interviews and a survey of practicing engineers were used to develop a list of goals or constraints germane to the assembly line balance problem. These included minimizing working areas or employees, making sure tasks assigned to a station do not exceed the cycle time, and adhering to sequence constraints. These constraints are included in most traditional models. However, additional goals were mentioned. These included avoiding changes in workload assigned to a work area, adhering to layout requirements of the plant, making combinations of tasks interesting, avoiding the combination of physiologically demanding tasks, etc.The additional goals above are incorporated in a new formulation for the assembly line balance problem. This formulation is in goal programming form. The goal programming model attempts to minimize deviations from goals. If deviations are necessary, lowest ranked goals are violated first. The objective function of the model is based on an ordinal ranking of goals only. The survey mentioned above showed that engineers did not find it difficult to rank the importance of goals.The proposed goal programming model is a mixed integer linear program. Previous studies have shown that cutting plane and implicit enumeration techniques are inferior to branch‐and‐bound algorithms. A branch‐and‐bound method, called GoalOriented Algorithm for Line Balance (GOAL), is developed to solve the formulations proposed in the paper.GOAL was computationally tested with 50 problems. These problems varied in size from 4 to 35 tasks. One of the problems was an engine cradle assembly problem encountered by an automobile manufacturer. Computer run times appeared reasonable. For example, the engine cradle problem 35 tasks) required only 16.3 seconds CPU on the DEC PDF 11/70 at California State University, Northridge. GOAL's execution time appeared linearly proportional to the number of tasks required for most problems.
A simulation analysis of due date assignment rules
Authors: Ragatz Gary L. , Mabert Vincent A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn the job shop scheduling literature, due dates, when considered, are treated in one of two ways: 1) externally imposed or 2) internally set. Externally imposed due dates are outside the control of the scheduler and are assumed to be set by an order entry or marketing department in agreement with the customer. In this situation, current shop status information is not normally considered in setting the date. Research in this setting has focused on the identification of those priority (dispatching) rules which yield good “due date performance.” Due date performance is usually measured by job lateness, job tardiness, and/or proportion of jobs tardy.Internally set due dates are established by the scheduler as each job arrives. Using job characteristics and/or shop status information, the scheduler estimates the job flow time for each job and sets the due date accordingly. The early research in this setting did not focus explicitly on predicting individual job flow times, but rather on identifying simple due date assignment heuristics which provide good due date performance in concert with a variety of priority rules. More recent researchers have included shop status information in setting due dates.This article reports on a study of eight different rules for specifying due dates in a job shop and the evaluation of their performance. A series of tests is conducted with a computer simulation model utilizing three different dispatching rules to control the sequencing of work. Mean tardiness, mean absolute missed due dates, and standard deviation of lateness data are collected to measure each rule's performance. This study reports the first comparative analysis of various due date assignment rules that have been mentioned in the literature by different authors.The findings reported here provide some useful insight into past and future research. First, both job characteristic and shop status information should be used to develop due date assignment rules. Second, the dispatching rule used to sequence jobs at work centers influences shop performance. Third, information about work center congestion along a job's routing is more useful information than general shop conditions. And fourth, the use of more detailed information in predicting flow time provides only marginal improvement in performance over other rules that use more aggregate information.
A dispute on James R. Evans' “an efficient implementation of the Wagner Whitin algorithm for dynamic lot‐sizing,” journal of operations management, vol. 5, no. 2, February 1985
Authors: Chong Philip S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis note disputes several observations made by James R. Evans' article, “An Efficient Implementation of the Wagner‐Whitin (WW) Algorithm for Dynamic Lot‐Sizing,” Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 5, No. 2, February 1985. By testing the algorithm within a micro‐based manufacturing resource planning (MRP) system, the writer of this note shows that WW is still computationally burdensome compared to heuristic methods, particularly within the context of a micro‐based MRP system implementation.
Sequencing rules and due date setting procedures in flow line cells with family setups
Authors: Russell Gregory R. , Philipoom Patrick R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate due date setting procedures and dispatching decisions in a flow line cell with family setups. In this environment, setups are not required when switching from a job in a given family to a job in the same family. However, switching from a job in one family to a job in another family requires a setup. Family setups in this shop are sequence independent. The dispatching decisions in this shop are threefold: (1) when should the decision to switch from one part family to another be made; (2) once the decision to switch families is made, how should the next part family be chosen (next family decision); and (3) how should the jobs within a family be prioritized (next job decision)? If the decision to switch classes can only be made after the current family is exhausted, the rule is called a class exhaustion rule. Otherwise the rule is a truncated rule. The results indicate that the due date setting procedure has a major impact on how dispatching should be performed in the shop. The family exhaustion procedure using the APT next family rule and the SPT next job rule is the best performer for mean flow time. When setup times are long, the SEQ due date rule using the family exhaustion procedure with the FCFS next family and the EDD next job rules performed well for due date criteria. When setup times are short, the EDD/T, Sawicki truncation rule and the family exhaustion rules performed well for due date criteria.
A comparative evaluation of nine well‐known algorithms for solving the cell formation problem in group technology
Authors: Miltenburg John , Zhang Wenjiang 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNine algorithms, developed to solve the cell formation problem, are evaluated and compared for their ability to produce good solutions to large problems. A primary performance measure and two secondary performance measures are presented for gauging the quality of a solution to the cell formation problem. Eight problems from the open literature and 60 randomly generated, large problems are analyzed. The analysis shows that there is no solution algorithm that performs better on all performance measures for problems from both the literature and the randomly generated data sets. One algorithm, called the ISNC algorithm and based on clustering around seeds, performs significantly better than all other algorithms on the primary performance measure (and performs well on the secondary measures) for the randomly generated data set, and performs well for the problems from the literature. Therefore this algorithm appears to the most appropriate algorithm to use as a general purpose solution algorithm for CF problems having between 25 and 50 machines, 35 and 50 parts, and densities between 10 and 20%. (It may not be appropriate for larger problems, since its computational and space requirements appear to be high.) After the ISNC algorithm, there is no significant difference between most of the other algorithms. However. different kinds of solutions are developed by some of these other algorithms. The well‐known SC/ROC and ROC/ROC algorithms develop solutions which consist of a small number of relatively large cells. The BEA algorithm develops solutions which consist of relatively small cells (where each machine in the cell is visited by most of the parts assigned to that cell) and one large cell for those parts not assigned to the small cells.
A tool cluster based strategy for the management of cutting tools in flexible manufacturing systems
Authors: De Souza R.B.R. , Bell R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe management of tooling systems in cell‐based flexible manufacturing systems is described. The use of cluster analysis in the management of cutting tools is presented. The role and functioning of a cluster based tool management strategy is described with respect to the management of the cutting tools, scheduling of the work flow and the number of captive tools. The research findings are described and supported by an example. A Rank Order Clustering (ROC) algorithm was used, selected for its simplicity and rapid implementation, to cluster tools. The ROC algorithm is applied to cluster tools. These clusters are scheduled on work stations based on part (the primary priority) and cluster (secondary) priority management rules. This provides the dynamics of managing the change of tool clusters as well as providing for the case where resident tool clusters are desired. A spreadsheet‐based computer assisted tool clustering model, intended for industrial usage, is described. The clustering model reduces the requirement for robust advance schedule generation and encourages the adoption of smaller tool magazine capacities. The cluster based model advances beyond just tool kitting to provide rapid on‐line generation of tooling configurations where part mix and production ratios may be varied almost instantaneously on a spreadsheet and where rigidity in scheduling may be relaxed by allowing a tool cluster to attract any part in the cluster set. The paper concludes with a brief description of on‐going research effort in applying cluster analysis to cell tool management.
Impaired Collateral Artery Development in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: TUTTLE JAY L. , SANDERS BRIDGET M. , BURKHART HAROLD M. , FATH STEVEN W. , KERR KIMBERLY A. , WATSON WILLIAM C. , HERRING B. PAUL , DALSING MICHAEL C. , UNTHANK JOSEPH L. 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTObjective: To determine whether collateral artery development is impaired in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) relative to normotensive (WKY) rats.Methods: Sequential mesenteric arteries were ligated to create a collateral pathway responsible for the perfusion of approximately 50 first‐order arterioles. Collateral development was assessed by measurement of in vivo arterial diameter before and 1 week after ligation. Histological and morphometric measurements were made from cross‐sectional preparations of these arteries to evaluate intimal and medial cell numbers and medial area. eNOS expression was evaluated with Western blotting.Results: One week after arterial ligation, collateral diameter was increased more in WKY than SHR both absolutely (137 ± 9.1 versus 99 ± 8.6 µm) and relative to same‐animal controls (38 ± 5.5% versus 13 ± 7.1%). At the time of model creation, blood flow was elevated to comparable levels in both WKY and SHR, and wall shear rate in the SHR collateral was greater than both the SHR control and WKY collateral arteries. Endothelial cell number in arterial cross‐section was increased in collaterals by 80% in WKY and only 22% in the SHR. eNOS expression was increased in the WKY (128%) but not in the SHR collateral.Conclusions: For equivalent arterial occlusion, the data demonstrate that collateral development is suppressed in the SHR as indicated by luminal expansion. This impairment of luminal expansion is associated with a decreased endothelial proliferation and the lack of an increase in eNOS expression.
Arteriolar Occlusion Causes Independent Cellular Responses in Endothelium and Smooth Muscle
Authors: CHEN YIFAN , RIVERS RICHARD J. 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTObjectives: To test the hypothesis that arteriolar occlusion causes different cellular changes in endothelial and smooth muscle cells.Methods: Cheek pouch arterioles (resting diameter 41 ± 2 µm) of anesthetized hamsters were occluded briefly (<60 seconds) either upstream or downstream from an observation site. Changes in membrane potential and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) of the endothelial or smooth muscle cells were determined by using fluorescence microscopy (ratiometric analysis).Results: The pressure in the occluded segment decreased by 17.4 ± 2.6 cm H2O during upstream occlusion and increased by 16.8 ± 6 cm H2O during downstream occlusion (n= 5). Upstream occlusion caused vasoconstriction of the occluded segment by 2.4 ± 0.4 µm, whereas downstream occlusion produced brief vasodilatation by 1.1 ± 0.2 µm. The endothelial cells hyperpolarized during upstream or downstream occlusion (ratio change: 2.26 ± 0.24% and 2.39 ± 0.42%, respectively; p < 0.01, n= 5). There were no changes in endothelial [Ca2+]i. The smooth muscle cells depolarized (ratio change: −2.08 ± 0.14%, n= 5) with an increase in [Ca2+]i (ratio change: 2.92 ± 0.16%, n= 6) during downstream occlusion. However, there was no detectable change in membrane potential or [Ca2+]i of smooth muscle cells during upstream occlusion. All the changes rapidly recovered when occlusion was released. Responses of an in‐situ isolated segment on a side branch revealed conducted dilatory signals caused by the occlusions.Conclusions: Our results show that the endothelial and smooth muscle cells respond independently to arteriolar occlusion. The endothelial and smooth muscle cells do not effectively communicate in [Ca2+]i or membrane potential during acute arteriolar occlusion. Hyperpolarizing signals in endothelium cause conducted dilation.
Follow‐up study investigating the benefits of phonological awareness intervention for children with spoken language impairment
Authors: Gillon Gail T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe efficacy of phonological awareness intervention for children at risk for reading disorder has received increasing attention in the literature. This paper reports the follow‐up data for participants in the Gillon (2000a) intervention study. The performance of twenty, 5−7‐year‐old New Zealand children with spoken language impairment, who received phonological awareness intervention, was compared with the progress made by 20 children from a control group and 20 children with typical language development approximately 11 months post‐intervention. The children with spoken language impairment all had expressive phonological difficulties and demonstrated delay in early reading development. Treatment effects on strengthening phoneme‐grapheme connections in spelling development were also investigated. The results suggested that structured phonological awareness intervention led to sustained growth in phoneme awareness and word‐recognition performance. At the follow‐up assessment, the majority of the children who received intervention were reading at, or above, the level expected for their age on a measure of word recognition. The phonological awareness intervention also significantly strengthened phoneme‐grapheme connections in spelling as evidenced by improved non‐word spelling ability. In contrast, the control group of children with spoken language impairment who did not receive phonological awareness intervention showed remarkably little improvement in phoneme awareness over time and the majority remained poor readers. The results highlight the important role speech‐language therapists can play in enhancing the early reading and spelling development of children with spoken language impairment.
Arabidopsis ABI5 Subfamily Members Have Distinct DNA-Binding and Transcriptional Activities
Authors: Kim Soo Young , Ma Jianzhong , Perret Philippe , Li Zhongsen , Thomas Terry L. 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
A small family of novel basic leucine zipper proteins that includes abscisic acid (ABA)-INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) binds to the promoter region of the lea class gene Dc3. The factors, referred to as AtDPBFs (Arabidopsis Dc3 promoter-binding factors), were isolated from an immature seed cDNA library. AtDPBFs bind to the embryo specification and ABA-responsive elements in the Dc3 promoter and are unique in that they can interact with cis-elements that do not contain the ACGT core sequence required for the binding of most other plant basic leucine zipper proteins. Analysis of full-length cDNAs showed that at least five different Dc3 promoter-binding factors are present in Arabidopsis seeds; one of these, AtDPBF-1, is identical to ABI5. As expected, AtDPBF-1/ABI5 mRNA is inducible by exogenous ABA in seedlings. Despite the near identity in their basic domains, AtDPBFs are distinct in their DNA-binding, dimerization, and transcriptional activity.
Activation of Phospholipases C and D Is an Early Response to a Cold Exposure in Arabidopsis Suspension Cells
Authors: Ruelland Eric , Cantrel Catherine , Gawer Myriam , Kader Jean-Claude , Zachowski Alain 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
The signaling events generated by a cold exposure are poorly known in plants. We were interested in checking the possible activation of enzymes of the phosphoinositide signaling pathway in response to a temperature drop. In Arabidopsis suspension cells labeled with33PO4 3−, a cold treatment induces a rapid increase of phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) content. This production was due to the simultaneous activation of phospholipase C (through diacylglycerol kinase activity) and phospholipase D, as monitored by the production of inositol triphosphate and of transphosphatidylation product, respectively. Moreover, inhibitors of the phosphoinositide pathway and of diacylglycerol kinase reduced PtdOH production. Enzyme activation occurred immediately after cells were transferred to low temperature. The respective contribution of both kind of phospholipases in cold-induced production of PtdOH could be estimated. We created conditions where phospholipids were labeled with33PO4 3−, but with ATP being nonradioactive. In such conditions, the apparition of radioactive PtdOH reflected PLD activity. Thus, we demonstrated that during a cold stress, phospholipase D activity accounted for 20% of PtdOH production. The analysis of composition in fatty acids of cold-produced PtdOH compared with that of different phospholipids confirmed that cold-induced PtdOH more likely derived mainly from phosphoinositides. The addition of chemical reagents modifying calcium availability inhibited the formation of PtdOH, showing that the cold-induced activation of phospholipase pathways is dependent on a calcium entry.
Expression and Characterization of the Thylakoid Lumen Protease DegP1 from Arabidopsis
Authors: Chassin Yael , Kapri-Pardes Einat , Sinvany Galit , Arad Tal , Adam Zach 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
The Arabidopsis genome contains 14 genes encoding the serine protease DegP. Products of four of these genes are located in the chloroplast: three in the thylakoid lumen and one on the stromal side of the membrane. We expressed the gene encoding DegP1 as a His-tagged fusion protein in Escherichia coli, purified the protein by affinity chromatography, and characterized it biochemically. Size-exclusion chromatography suggested that DegP1 eluted from the column as a mixture of monomers and hexamers. Proteolytic activity was characterized using β-casein as a model substrate. DegP1 demonstrated concentration-dependent activity, a pH optimum of 6.0 and increasing activity at elevated temperatures. DegP1 was capable of degrading two lumenal proteins, plastocyanin and OE33, suggesting a role as a general-purpose protease in the thylakoid lumen. The results of this work are discussed in the context of the recent elucidation of the structure of the E. coli homolog and the possible physiological role of the protease in the chloroplast lumen.
Lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with a modified RD114 envelope glycoprotein show increased stability in sera and augmented transduction of primary lymphocytes and CD34+ cells derived from human and nonhuman primates
Authors: Sandrin Virginie , Boson Bertrand , Salmon Patrick , Gay Wilfried , Nègre Didier , Le Grand Roger , Trono Didier , Cosset François-Loı̈c 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGenerating lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with different viral glycoproteins (GPs) may modulate the physicochemical properties of the vectors, their interaction with the host immune system, and their host range. We have investigated the capacity of a panel of GPs of both retroviral (amphotropic murine leukemia virus [MLV-A]; gibbon ape leukemia virus [GALV]; RD114, feline endogenous virus) and nonretroviral (fowl plague virus [FPV]; Ebola virus [EboV]; vesicular stomatitis virus [VSV]; lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus [LCMV]) origins to pseudotype lentiviral vectors derived from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac251). SIV vectors were efficiently pseudotyped with the FPV hemagglutinin, VSV-G, LCMV, and MLV-A GPs. In contrast, the GALV and RD114 GPs conferred much lower infectivity to the vectors. Capitalizing on the conservation of some structural features in the transmembrane domains and cytoplasmic tails of the incorporation-competent MLV-A GP and in RD114 and GALV GPs, we generated chimeric GPs encoding the extracellular and transmembrane domains of GALV or RD114 GPs fused to the cytoplasmic tail (designated TR) of MLV-A GP. Importantly, SIV-derived vectors pseudotyped with these GALV/TR and RD114/TR GP chimeras had significantly higher titers than vectors coated with the parental GPs. Additionally, RD114/TR-pseudotyped vectors were efficiently concentrated and were resistant to inactivation induced by the complement of both human and macaque sera, indicating that modified RD114 GP-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors may be of particular interest for in vivo gene transfer applications. Furthermore, as compared to vectors pseudotyped with other retroviral GPs or with VSV-G, RD114/TR-pseudotyped vectors showed augmented transduction of human and macaque primary blood lymphocytes and CD34+ cells.