bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-Dependent Models With Correlated Obse Rvations
Authors: Atkinson A C , Donev A N , Tobias R D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Observations that occur as a time series may not be independent. In this chapter we see how the methods of optimum design have to be adapted if there is indeed correlation between observations at different time points. The nonlinear examples of Chapter 17 illustrate the general point. In Example 17.3 with two consecutive first-order reactions, the concentrations of chemicals evolved over time. On the assumption that the errors were independent we found the D-optimum design for the two parameters, which consisted of taking observations at just two time points.
Exercises
Authors: Atkinson A C , Donev A N , Tobias R D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The exercises in this chapter are designed to help readers consolidate their understanding of the basic ideas of optimum experimental design. Unlike the SAS tasks of earlier chapters, the use of computers is not necessary, except for data analysis. Set up a scenario for a new response surface investigation. It could either be a hypothetical problem or a problem that is related to your work. Determine what response variables need to be measured and which factors could influence the results. Which factors could be regarded as nuisance variables? Is it possible to control the variation due to these variables? Identify which of the factors will be varied and which of them will be kept fixed.
Taxonomy and curation of insects
Authors: Samways Michael J , New Tim R , McGeoch Melodie A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many insect species are unknown to science. Even species that have been described are often difficult to recognize and identify. This is the basis of the taxonomic challenge raised in the previous chapter. This dearth of knowledge is a major consideration for much of what we do in insect ecology and conservation. Whereas surveys of birds or mammals can often be undertaken without collecting and keeping specimens, this is usually not the case for insects. Apart from some well-known groups, such as certain butterflies and dragonflies, generally it is necessary to capture and preserve voucher specimens for identification by a specialist.
Negritude
Authors: Newell Stephanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On the Left Bank of the River Seine in the 1930s and 1940s, a powerful theory of racial difference emerged among students and intellectuals immersed in French culture. What distinguished this movement from the many previous theorizations of the African’s racial characteristics was that the proponents of ‘ negritude&gt; ’ were themselves black. Gathered together from diverse colonial lands, including ‘French West Africa’ and the ‘French Caribbean’, these young intellectuals had been selected by the French administration to complete their studies in Paris and enter the ruling elites of their countries as bureaucrats and state functionaries.
Lost and Found in Translation
Authors: Newell Stephanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1964 Chinua Achebe insisted that his use of the ex-colonial language did not, in itself, exclude African readers from consuming his work. Rather, his choice to write in English served to widen readers’ access to literature across regional and national boundaries, and did not limit texts to localized ethnic groups (1994: 434). Adopting a pragmatic rather than an idealistic position, he wrote, ‘for me there is no other choice. I have been given this [English] language and I intend to use it’ (ibid.).
Feminism and the Complex Space of Women’s Writing
Authors: Newell Stephanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter revolves around a tension, for as Mercy Amba Oduyoye observes, above, there is no ‘authentic ‘‘African woman’’ ‘ available for isolation and discussion as a singular entity: as she says, ‘all women are not one’ (ibid.). Nevertheless, Oduyoye’s refusal of African women’s singularity occurs in a book entitled Daughters of Anowa: African Women and Patriarchy (1995), in which she addresses women’s shared positionality as women and the ways in which they have been (mis)represented in patriarchal African discourses.
Conclusion: West Africa in Postcolonial Theory
Authors: Newell Stephanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
West African authors and intellectuals have exercised a powerful influence over the direction of postcolonialism since the 1960s. A striking feature of their work is their repeated insistence on the importance of the local and particular dimensions of African culture: their work tends to highlight culturally specific West African spaces which are situated ‘within and between things’, not easily rendered general or universally applicable to other disciplines, locations, or discourses (Jeyifo, 1994: 19).
Coming to Terms with the Past in Australia
Authors: Thompson Janna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Reparative justice, as it is traditionally understood, requires that the perpetrators of injustice return what they have taken from their victims and/or compensate them for harm done, with the objective of returning them, so far as possible, to the situation that existed before the injustice was done. Aristotle, for example, thought of reparation as a matter of righting the moral balance by ensuring that perpetrators would not profit from ill-gotten gains and that victims would recoup their losses.1 My brief is to describe and discuss issues of reparative justice in respect to injustices done to Aborigines and their communities during the course of Australian history.
Atomic Structure
Authors: Budker Dmitry , Kimball Derek F , Demille David P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most important topics in atomic physics is the description of atomic energy levels. The study of atomic structure continues to be an exciting field, with increasingly precise measurements and improved calculational tools allowing ever more detailed comparisons between experiment and theory. The first few problems in this chapter deal with some of the basic features of atomic energy levels in multi-electron atoms.
Interaction Of Light With Atoms In External Fields
Authors: Budker Dmitry , Kimball Derek F , Demille David P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When linearly polarized light propagates through a medium immersed in a magnetic field, the plane of light polarization at the output is rotated (Fig. 4.1); this effect was observed by Michael Faraday almost one hundred and fifty years ago (Faraday 1855). In 1898, the Italian physicists D. Macaluso and O. M. Corbino discovered that Faraday rotation was resonantly enhanced near atomic absorption lines (Macaluso and Corbino 1898).
Molecules
Authors: Budker Dmitry , Kimball Derek F , Demille David P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Estimate the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) value of δr = r—r e, where r is the internuclear separation, and r e is its equilibrium value, for a diatomic molecule in a low vibrational state. The equilibrium separation between nuclei in a typical diatomic molecule is on the order of several Bohr radii, r e∽ 4a 0, and the dissociation energy D 0 is on the order of where R∞ is the Rydberg constant.
Experimental Methods
Authors: Budker Dmitry , Kimball Derek F , Demille David P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A beam of monochromatic light of wavelength λ 0 propagates (through vacuum) at an angle ϕ to the vertical. A part of this beam is reflected by a semitransparent stationary mirror M 1 (Fig. 8.1) and directed into a remote photodetector. The part of the beam transmitted though M 1 is reflected onto the same photodetector by a horizontally oriented mirror M 2 which moves in the vertical direction with velocity v c .
Algebraic inequalities and mathematical induction
Authors: Zawaira Alexander , Hitchcock Gavin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Here arc three appetizer problems that you should be able to solve when you have worked through this Tookhcst, although you may of course give them a go now. The answers to the first two can easily be found by trial and error, or by guesswork, but the tools in this Toolchest supply the means of proving them beyond doubt.
Combinatorics (counting techniques)
Authors: Zawaira Alexander , Hitchcock Gavin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Here is a typical problem of the kind you should be able to solve when you have worked through this Toolchest. You are invited to try it as soon as you wish. You will probably find it hard for now, but by the end of Section 3, where its solution is given, it should not look difficult to you.
‘Mahatma-Magic’: Gandhi and Literary India
Authors: Gopal Priyamvada 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On 30 January 1948, less than six months after he had proclaimed India free in a now famous ‘midnight’ speech, Jawaharlal Nehru, the independent nation’s first prime minister, addressed the new nation again, this time in sorrow: Friends and comrades, the light has gone out of our lives and there is darkness everywhere. Bapu, as we called him, the Father of the Nation, is no more . . . The light has gone out, I said, and yet I was wrong. For the light that shone in this country was no ordinary light. The light that has illumined this country for these many, many years will illumine this country for many more years and, a thousand years later, that light will still be seen in this country and it will give solace to innumerable hearts.
Midnight’s Legacies: Two Epic Novels of Nation
Authors: Gopal Priyamvada 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The twentieth century can be described in broad terms as the age of nationalism, particularly in those vast areas of the globe, in Asia and Africa, that came out from under the yoke of imperialism. Even as many might describe themselves in terms of identities other than their nationality, it remains the case that nation-formation has affected the lives of millions in manifold and, often, contradictory ways. If, on the one hand, nation-formation through decolonization has spelled political liberation and hope for a better life, on the other, it has often resulted in mass migration, misery, and bloodshed.
Family Matters: Domesticity and Gender in the Novel
Authors: Gopal Priyamvada 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book has argued that since its inception, the anglophone novel in India was markedly preoccupied with questions of nation and history, events necessarily played out in the public sphere even as they infected domestic spaces and personal relations. Critical observations to the effect that ‘all Third World texts’ are ‘national allegories’ are, to some extent, underpinned by readings of such texts, more widely available and read, certainly in the Anglo-American literary establishment, than works in Hindi or Bengali. Aijaz Ahmad (1991: 118) claims that modern literature in indigenous languages such as Urdu is far less concerned with the ‘nation’ as a category or ‘primary ideological problematic’ and much more with ‘our class structures, our familial ideologies, our management of our bodies and sexualities, our idealisms, our silences’. While it is certainly true that epic narratives of nation and history are particularly salient in anglophone Indian fiction, transformations of the public sphere made their presence felt in private lives and fiction inevitably engaged with these. As Tagore suggested almost a century ago, the world and the home can impact each other in strong, often unexpected ways, and out of this emerge unique stories. It is also true that as the anglophone novel diversifies across readerships and writers its concerns have also proliferated.
Conclusion: The Contemporary Scene
Authors: Gopal Priyamvada 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The anglophone novel of India and its diaspora continues to flourish, as each year scores of titles emerge out of presses in India and abroad. As is to be expected with such productivity, many of these titles are interesting, others are unexceptional or mediocre, while a small number constitute real achievements. Many of the most significant works that have emerged in recent years pick up and rework the themes discussed in this study, albeit in fresh ways and in different contexts. History and historical consciousness, far from receding as concerns, are, if anything, even more central. Stories of family and community continue to compel the writer’s imagination.
Prologue
Authors: Wu Duncan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Worcester stagecoach clattered along the Shrewsbury road. It was a cold January night in 1798 and the occupants of the vehicle would normally have been shivering as well as uncomfortable. But on this occasion they were warmed by the non-stop conversation of the young, dark-haired man before them. It was the 26-year-old Samuel Taylor Coleridge, already a noted figure in the intellectual world, renowned for his political and religious lectures as well as his poetry. He was to take up the position of Unitarian minister at Shrewsbury in succession to John Rowe, recently appointed to a new position in Bristol.
Chapter 6
Authors: Wu Duncan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The year 1804 brought sad news of old friends. Halfway through February the Hazlitts heard of Joseph Fawcett’s death at the age of 46, probably from alcoholism. The star turn of the Old Jewry had subsided into despair when the Revolution failed. Perhaps Hazlitt saw the obituary in the Gentleman’s Magazine, which described him as ‘an eccentric character’. Wordsworth did, and wrote saying so: ‘I was sorry to see from the Papers that your Friend poor Fawcett was dead; not so much that he was dead but to think of the manner in which he had sent himself off before his time.’ It was later proposed that Hazlitt write his biography—a Fawcettiad, as Lamb put it—but that was not to be. Instead Wordsworth portrayed him in The Excursion as the Solitary, whose life was blighted by disillusionment. That was not how his friends remembered him, and Hazlitt put the record straight when describing him as ‘one of the most enthusiastic admirers of the French Revolution’.
chapter 9
Authors: Wu Duncan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There were certain speakers Hazlitt loved. Listening on 25 February 1813 to the Irish politician William Plunket, Hazlitt was so carried away ‘that he omitted to take any notes at all’. Plunket’s ‘eloquence swept along like a river, “Without o’erflowing, full.” Every step told: every sentence went to account.’ Similarly, Sir Francis Burdett spoke in a manner ‘I could not enough admire’. Samuel Whitbread was a ‘true parliamentary speaker. He had no artifices, no tricks, no reserve about him. He spoke point-blank what he thought, and his heart was in his broad, honest, English face.’
chapter 20
Authors: Wu Duncan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In July 1822 Hazlitt moved into the heart of Mayfair, which retained the unofficial status of a village within the West End, having its own shops, marketplace, and amenities. From his doorstep on Chapel Street West he could see Chesterfield House, the Palladian-style mansion built in 1748 for Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl Chesterfield, author of one of Hazlitt’s favourite books, Letters to his Son. It brought to mind the Revolutionary period, as he observed: ‘Here, as I look down Curzon-street, or catch a glimpse of the taper spire of South Audley Chapel, or the family-arms on the gate of Chesterfield-House, the vista of years opens to me, and I recall the period of the triumph of Mr. Burke’s “Reflections on the French Revolution”, and the overthrow of “The Rights of Man”!’ Residents of nearby Curzon Street included the inoculator Edward Jenner (a subscriber to the History of English Philosophy) and sculptor Sir Francis Chantrey. Here, decayed gentlefolk could scrape by, the most appropriate abode for Becky Sharp in chapter 36 of Vanity Fair, ‘How to Live Well on Nothing a Year’.
chapter 25
Authors: Wu Duncan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By July 1829 Hazlitt occupied the first floor of 3 Bouverie Street, a small terraced building to the immediate south of Fleet Street, looking down towards the river. He could not have guessed that in 1845 an admirer by the name of Charles Dickens would issue The Daily News from number 19—or that, just over a century later, The Sun and The News of the World would publish at number 30. Bouverie Street was then, as for years to come, at the heart of the newspaper world, a good vantage point from which to witness the carnage caused by the recession. Some papers went out of business while others, such as The Examiner and The London Weekly Review, changed hands. Even that Midas of publishers Henry Colburn was not immune to difficulty. Nearly half the novels published in Britain bore his imprint, but were no longer selling; in fact, he was so far in debt to his printer that he could continue only by making a partner of him. Accordingly, on 1 September 1829 they printed a circular, a copy of which they probably sent to Hazlitt, announcing that ‘in future the Business will be carried on in the joint names of Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley.’
towards a more reflective political realism
Authors: Spegele Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter is conceived as an intellectual adventure, a bumpy ride across the seemingly obscure terrain barely hinted at in the title. Its ostensible value lies in teasing out and evaluating different conceptions of theory, practice, and the relations they comport. Although the ride may have all the drawbacks of taking a roller coaster when one wanted a Ferris wheel, its intention is to shake up orthodox assumptions about the topics considered. In international political theory as currently conceived each contending discourse—positivism, postmodernism, international critical theory, feminist international relations—insists that it is the only valid conception of international relations, leading to inevitable despair at the self-evident unreasonableness of any such claim. This chapter may, at the end of the ride, have something of enduring value to offer in its examination of theory and practice for those scholars who are looking for a way out of the current stasis of international political theory.
By Way of Introduction
Authors: Novotny Vojtech 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As I set off for the island I was on tenterhooks, my nerves as taut as the bamboo string of a palm-wood bow. The very name, New Guinea, was full of promise, since ‘new’ countries are usually more colourful than their older forerunners. New York is far more vibrant than the reserved York of Britain, while New Britain, Nova Scotia, or even New South Wales are definitely wilder than their counterparts in the United Kingdom. The fact that the more boring prototype of New Guinea was Guinea in Africa, covered in jungle and washed by equatorial seas, added nothing to my peace of mind. I had never visited that African idyll, which might have been a mistake. Perhaps I should have let myself be bored by conditions there before jumping foursquare into its doughtier counterpart.
Old and New Customs of a Tribal Society
Authors: Novotny Vojtech 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most of the population of Papua New Guinea live in tribal societies, as they have for thousands of years. Enduring tribal land-ownership patterns based on traditional unwritten rules, surviving tribal languages, and the remoteness of many parts from the centres of civilization are what keep the old ways alive. Papua New Guinea is at the same time a modernizing country with a parliamentary democracy, a free press, expanding towns, and proliferating modern technologies. The intertwining of the two has given rise to a heady mix of the pre-industrial and the post-modern, which often combine in unexpected ways, leaving the observer of the outcomes thunderstruck—whether from disbelief or admiration depends on his situation and character. And what about the resultant destruction of traditional New Guinean society, as some natives and outsiders bemoan it? I’m not sure that that is quite right. Life in New Guinea is changing fast, but in its own way. New Guinean Christianity is genuinely New Guinean, and so it is with everything else.
Introduction to Blindsight after 35 years
Authors: Weiskrantz Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One purpose of producing a new edition is to record the subsequent findings with the patient, D.B., as well as to discuss the theoretical and methodological issues beyond those recorded in the original 1986 book and in the paperback edition of 1998. The intention is to have a long-term, more or less complete chronicle of his original capacities, plus any new ones that have emerged. The last recorded tests with D.B. were carried out almost 25 years ago, described and summarized in the first edition of Blindsight in 1986, which covered a period of some 10 years of research after the very first published summary in 1974 (Weiskrantz et al., 1974). It is rare to have any empirical and quantitative account of a patient extending over such a long period – from 1973 until the present. The updated paperback edition of the book in 1998 did not include any further information on D.B. because we had temporarily lost contact with him, but it did review information on other blindsight subjects, on new methodologies, and also discussed some of the lively issues that had emerged since blindsight first hit the scientific community. The first section of the present new volume summarizes findings on D.B. since the last published account in 1986.
Double Dissociations between form and Detection
Authors: Weiskrantz Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Given that the existence of many features of residual visual capacity in D.B. was undetected by clinical examination or his own experience, it would hardly be surprising if his residual visual capacity was normal quantitatively. Leaving aside the question of his own awareness of his capacity, most of the objective measures reveal at least some loss compared to visual thresholds in his good right half-field. But the question is whether the residual function is qualitatively similar to normal vision — merely degraded in its capacity — or whether there are differences in kind. One’s impression, no doubt fostered as well by animal evidence and ‘two visual system’ theorizing, is that his ability to discriminate or identify forms, especially those that cannot be reduced to another type of discrimination, may be degraded disproportionately in relation to his ability to detect, to locate, or to discriminate orientations. One valuable approach to the question of whether there are qualitative differences is to see whether it is possible to demonstrate double dissociation of function, i.e., whether there are some conditions under which the left field is relatively superior to the right and others under which the opposite is true.
Standard Situation
Authors: Weiskrantz Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the last few years of work with D.B., it became possible to test subjects with visual defects in a constant environment (space kindly made available by the National Hospital, Queen Square, London) and with a fixed procedure, so that a spectrum of capacities could be measured for comparative purposes. D.B. was tested on some of these procedures on three occasions, in September 1979, April 1982, and lastly in August 1983. The room was light-proofed, and surfaces that might be reflective were draped with black velvet. The front wall was covered with dark green hessian material, providing the tangent screen of 100° × 100°, with a subject sitting 1 metre from the fixation point in the centre of the screen. Eight Type Q3D projectors were positioned 2.44 metres from the screen, behind the subject, with two directed to each of the four quadrants of the screen. All stimuli for testing were presented by a projecting tachistoscope (Forth Instruments), consisting of a Kodak Carousel projector fitted with a beam interrupter in the focal plane, driven by an electronically timed solenoid. A zoom lens was fitted to adjust the size of each stimulus set precisely. The projector was situated 2.44 metres from the screen, on an adjustable elevated rack.