bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inbreeding depression in a sexually selected weapon and the homologue in females
Authors: Allen Pablo E , Miller Christine W 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Theory predicts that traits with heightened condition dependence, such as sexually selected traits, should be affected by inbreeding to a greater degree than other traits. The presence of environmental stress may compound the negative consequences of inbreeding depression. In this study, we examined inbreeding depression across multiple traits and whether it increased with a known form of environmental stress. We conducted our experiment using both sexes of the sexually dimorphic leaf-footed cactus bug, Narnia femorata (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Adult male cactus bugs have enlarged hind legs used as weapons in male–male contests; these traits, and their homologue in females, have been previously found to exhibit high condition dependence. In this study, we employed a small developmental group size as an environmental stress challenge. Nymph N. femorata aggregate throughout their juvenile stages, and previous work has shown the negative effects of small group size on survivorship and body size. We found evidence of inbreeding depression for survival and seven of the eight morphological traits measured in both sexes. Inbreeding depression was higher for the size of the male weapon and the female homolog. Additionally, small developmental group size negatively affected survival to adulthood. However, small group size did not magnify the effects of inbreeding on morphological traits. These findings support the hypothesis that traits with heightened condition dependence exhibit higher levels of inbreeding depression.
High specificity of symbiont-conferred resistance in an aphid-parasitoid field community
Authors: Gimmi Elena , Vorburger Christoph 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Host–parasite coevolution is mediated by genetic interactions between the antagonists and may lead to reciprocal adaptation. In the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae fabae, resistance to parasitoids can be conferred by the heritable bacterial endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa. H. defensa has been shown to be variably protective against different parasitoid species, and different genotypes of the black bean aphid’s main parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum. However, these results were obtained using haphazard combinations of laboratory-reared insect lines with different origins, making it unclear how representative they are of natural, locally (co)adapted communities. We therefore comprehensively sampled the parasitoids of a natural A. f. fabae population and measured the ability of the five most abundant species to parasitize aphids carrying the locally prevalent H. defensa haplotypes. H. defensa provided resistance only against the dominant parasitoid L. fabarum (70% of all parasitoids), but not against less abundant parasitoids, and resistance to L. fabarum acted in a genotype-specific manner (G × G interactions between H. defensa and L. fabarum). These results confirm that strong species- and genotype-specificity of symbiont-conferred resistance is indeed a hallmark of wild A. f. fabae populations, and they are consistent with symbiont-mediated adaptation of aphids to the parasitoids posing the highest risk.
Relationship between area-level socioeconomic status and health-related quality of life among cancer survivors
Authors: Conley Claire C , Derry-Vick Heather M , Ahn Jaeil , Xia Yi , Lin Li , Graves Kristi D , Pan Wei , Fall-Dickson Jane M , Reeve Bryce B , Potosky Arnold L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Area-level socioeconomic status (SES) impacts cancer outcomes, such as stage at diagnosis, treatments received, and mortality. However, less is known about the relationship between area-level SES and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for cancer survivors. To assess the additive value of area-level SES data and the relative contribution of area- and individual-level SES for estimating cancer survivors’ HRQOL, we conducted a secondary analysis of data from a population-based survey study of cancer survivors (the Measuring Your Health [MY-Health] Study). Multilevel multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships between individual-level SES, area-level SES as measured by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Social Vulnerability Index, and HRQOL group membership (high, average, low, or very low HRQOL). Area-level SES did not significantly increase model estimation accuracy compared to models using only individual-level SES. However, area-level SES could be an appropriate proxy when the individual-level SES is missing.
Gender disparities among publications within international sexual medicine urology journals and the impact of blinding in the review process
Authors: Burg Madeleine L , Kohli Priya , Ha Nhi , Mora Richard , Kurup Trisha , Sidhu Hannah , Rodman Jack , Cacciamani Giovanni E , Samplaski Mary K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
While female urologists are known to publish at less frequency than their male peers, The Journal of Sexual Medicine was reported to have among the highest growth in female authorship from 2002 to 2020 in urology journals.

Aim
We sought to assess the frequency of female authorship in sexual medicine journals worldwide and the factors that affect this, including the blinded/unblinded review process.

Methods
Eleven sexual medicine journals were assessed for geographic location, peer review method, and SCImago Journal Rank citation index (a metric of citation frequency and prestige). Journals were grouped into top, middle, and bottom quartiles based on metric score. Web of Science was used to access the publications’ first, second, last, and corresponding authors from the past 5 years. An internet search or Gender-API.com was used to determine the gender identities of authors. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were performed.

Outcomes
Outcomes included the likelihood of female authorship (first, second, last, and corresponding) based on journal location and ranking, the clustering of female authors, the journal’s peer review process, and the frequency of female editorial board members.

Results
Overall, 8938 publications were identified. Women represented 30.7%, 31.3%, 21.3%, and 18.7% of the first, second, last, and corresponding authors, respectively; gender was unable to be assessed for 2.6%, 17.2%, 7.3%, and 2.7%. On univariate analysis, journals from North America, in the top quartile, and with a double-blind review process were more likely to have female authors (P &lt; .001). On multivariate analysis, articles were more likely to have a female first author if they had a double-blind peer review process (odds ratio [OR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.02-1.40), a female second author (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 2.26-2.85), or a female corresponding author (OR, 7.80; 95% CI, 6.69-9.10).

Clinical Implications
Gender-concordant mentoring and universal double-blind manuscript review processes may minimize the impact of gender bias and increase female authorship rates, in turn producing more diverse research.

Strengths and Limitations
This is the first study assessing female authorship in sexual medicine journals. Limitations include not assessing every author listed on articles and being unable to determine gender identities for some authors.

Conclusion
Female authorship rates are higher than reported rates of practicing female urologists but still lower than their male peers. Female authors were more likely to be published in journals with double-blind peer review processes and when publishing with additional female authors.
Reciprocal regulation of cellulose and lignin biosynthesis by the transcription factor OsTCP19
Authors: Ishida Konan 
Published: December 2023

This article comments on:Lv S, Lin Z, Shen J, Luo L, Xu Q, Li L, Gui J. 2024. OsTCP19 coordinates inhibition of lignin biosynthesis and promotion of cellulose biosynthesis to modify lodging resistance in rice. Journal of Experimental Botany 75, 123–136.
Complications after orthopaedic surgeries in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with Janus kinase inhibitors: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Bekki Hirofumi , Hashiguchi Tomomitsu , Kawamura Seiichi , Kondo Masakazu , Tsushima Hidetoshi , Sakuraba Koji , Hara Masamitsu , Ohta Masanari , Miyahara Hisaaki , Nakashima Yasuharu , Fukushi Jun-ichi 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The current study compared the outcome after orthopaedic surgeries in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) versus biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs).

Methods
This was a retrospective observational study of Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Sixty-two patients with rheumatoid arthritis using JAKi preoperatively underwent orthopaedic surgeries. Using propensity score matching, these 62 patients were matched with 62 patients using bDMARDs preoperatively. The number of adverse events was counted. We also examined whether the drug-withholding period in the JAKi-treated group was associated with the occurrence of major postoperative adverse events, namely inflammatory flares and delayed wound healing.

Results
JAKi-treated patients had a higher incidence of postoperative flares than bDMARD-treated patients (29% versus 12.1%, P = .01). The incidences of postoperative complications other than flares were not significantly different between the two groups. Among the JAKi-treated group, a longer perioperative drug-withholding period (≥11 days) was associated with a higher incidence of postoperative flares (P = .04). The incidences of delayed wound healing and surgical site infection were not associated with the duration of the JAKi-withholding period.

Conclusions
JAKi-treated patients had a higher incidence of postoperative flares than bDMARD-treated patients. A total of ≥11 days of drug withdrawal was associated with postoperative flares.
Rational combination platform trial design for children and young adults with diffuse midline glioma: A report from PNOC
Authors: Mueller Sabine , Kline Cassie , Franson Andrea , van der Lugt Jasper , Prados Michael , Waszak Sebastian M , Plasschaert Sabine L A , Molinaro Annette M , Koschmann Carl , Nazarian Javad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a devastating pediatric brain tumor unresponsive to hundreds of clinical trials. Approximately 80% of DMGs harbor H3K27M oncohistones, which reprogram the epigenome to increase the metabolic profile of the tumor cells.
Methods We have previously shown preclinical efficacy of targeting both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis through treatment with ONC201, which activates the mitochondrial protease ClpP, and paxalisib, which inhibits PI3K/mTOR, respectively.
Results ONC201 and paxalisib combination treatment aimed at inducing metabolic distress led to the design of the first DMG-specific platform trial PNOC022 (NCT05009992).
Conclusions Here, we expand on the PNOC022 rationale and discuss various considerations, including liquid biome, microbiome, and genomic biomarkers, quality-of-life endpoints, and novel imaging modalities, such that we offer direction on future clinical trials in DMG.
The impact of continuous calorie restriction and fasting on cognition in adults without eating disorders
Authors: O’Leary John , Georgeaux-Healy Chloé , Serpell Lucy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Research into the effects of calorie restriction continues to intrigue those interested in whether it may allow humans to live longer and healthier lives. Animal studies of continuous calorie restriction (CCR) and fasting have demonstrated substantial advantages to health and longevity. However, concerns remain about the impact of restricting calorie intake on human health and cognition. Given the emerging evidence of cognitive impairments in eating disorders, studies investigating restricted calorie intake in healthy humans (in an ethical way) may also have implications for understanding restrictive eating disorders. In this review, the published literature on the impact of CCR and fasting on cognitive function in healthy human participants is synthesized. Of the 33 studies of CCR and fasting in humans identified, 23 demonstrated significant changes in cognition. Despite variation across the cognitive domains, results suggest CCR benefits inhibition, processing speed, and working memory, but may lead to impairments in cognitive flexibility. The results of fasting studies suggest fasting is associated with impairments in cognitive flexibility and psychomotor abilities. Overall, the results of these studies suggest the degree (ie, the severity) of calorie restriction is what most likely predicts cognitive improvements as opposed to impairments. For individuals engaging in sustained restriction, this may have serious, irreversible consequences. However, there are mixed findings regarding the impact of CCR and fasting on this aspect of human functioning, suggesting further research is required to understand the costs and benefits of different types of calorie restriction.
The effect of post-COVID-19 ventilation measures on indoor air quality in primary schools
Authors: Eichholtz Piet , Kok Nils , Sun Xudong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has made people acutely aware of the importance of indoor air quality (IAQ) and building ventilation systems, particularly in densely occupied places like offices and schools. As a result, governments and other public entities are increasingly investing in the installation, maintenance, and upgrades of ventilation systems in public buildings. However, little is known about the effect of building ventilation systems on actual IAQ and its impact on occupant behavior. This paper exploits exogenous closing and opening events of schools during the COVID-19 pandemic, combined with policy measures focusing on maximizing ventilation rates inside classrooms, to assess the effectiveness of building ventilation systems in primary schools. We use a unique sensor network implemented before the COVID-19 pandemic, consisting of measurement devices installed in 252 classrooms across 27 Dutch primary schools, continuously monitoring IAQ indicators such as CO2 levels and fine particle concentrations. Using high-frequency data from 2018 to 2022 school years, we compare the IAQ differences between natural and mechanical ventilation through a fixed-effect identification strategy. Our results show that mechanically ventilated classrooms perform better with respect to CO2 and fine particle levels. However, the post-COVID-19 ventilation measures implemented after school reopening had stronger effects on naturally ventilated (NV) classrooms, suggesting behavioral changes at the classroom level. We also investigate the longer term effects of these post-COVID-19 ventilation measures and show some evidence of decay in effectiveness, as well as a strong seasonal effect, particularly in NV classrooms, which seems the result of a trade-off between ventilation and thermal comfort.
Unveiling moisture transport mechanisms in cellulosic materials: Vapor vs. bound water
Authors: Zou Yuliang , Maillet Benjamin , Brochard Laurent , Coussot Philippe 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Natural textiles, hair, paper, wool, or bio-based walls possess the remarkable ability to store humidity from sweat or the environment through “bound water” absorption within nanopores, constituting up to 30% of their dry mass. The knowledge of the induced water transfers is pivotal for advancing industrial processes and sustainable practices in various fields such as wood drying, paper production and use, moisture transfers in clothes or hair, humidity regulation of bio-based construction materials, etc. However, the transport and storage mechanisms of this moisture remain poorly understood, with modeling often relying on an assumption of dominant vapor transport with an unknown diffusion coefficient. Our research addresses this knowledge gap, demonstrating the pivotal role of bound water transport within interconnected fiber networks. Notably, at low porosity, bound water diffusion dominates over vapor diffusion. By isolating diffusion processes and deriving diffusion coefficients through rigorous experimentation, we establish a comprehensive model for moisture transfer. Strikingly, our model accurately predicts the evolution of bound water’s spatial distribution for a wide range of sample porosities, as verified through magnetic resonance imaging. Showing that bound water transport can be dominant over vapor transport, this work offers a change of paradigm and unprecedented control over humidity-related processes.
Intercultural gaps in knowledge, skills and attitudes of public health professionals: a systematic review
Authors: Huish Clare , Greenhalgh Christine , Garrow Adam , Verma Arpana 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Previous cultural competence reviews focused on medical professions. Identifying intercultural competence gaps for public health professionals is long overdue. Gaps will inform training to work effectively within increasingly diverse cultural contexts.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted identifying intercultural competence gaps using hand/electronic searches: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ERIC, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL and CDSR, 2004–March 2020. Data were extracted on intercultural knowledge, skills and attitude gaps. Themes were coded into an emerging framework, mapped against three competences. Studies were assessed using validated tools.

Results
506 studies retrieved and 15 met inclusion criteria. Key findings include: intercultural knowledge requires local demographics framing within global context to better understand culturally informed community health needs; intercultural skills lack training opportunities applying cultural theory into practice using flexible, diverse methods encouraging culturally appropriate responses in diverse settings; intercultural attitude gaps require a non-judgemental focus on root causes and population patterns, preventing stereotypes further increasing health disparities.

Conclusion
Gaps found indicate understanding local public health within its global context is urgently required to deliver more effective services. Flexible, diverse training opportunities applying cultural theory into practice are essential to engage successfully with diverse communities. A non-judgemental focus on population patterns and root causes enables selecting culturally aligned health strategies to mitigate stereotyping communities and increasing health disparities.
Modified realist evaluation of a complex, multi-centred, multi-intervention programme
Authors: Greenhalgh C , Williams G , Harrison A , Garrow A , Mitchell S , Verma A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Well North was a complex, multi-intervention health improvement programme spanning 10 sites across the North of England. The aim was to address inequalities by improving the health of the poorest fastest, increasing resilience and reducing levels of worklessness. The intention of the programme was for all sites to have freedom and flexibility to conduct different interventions reflecting local priorities. Evaluation ran concurrently with the programme, and an iterative approach was required to ensure constant feedback, allowing the programme to be adapted and improved as necessary.
Realist methodology was chosen for evaluation, as it provides insight into what works, for whom and in what circumstances. Due to the complex nature of the programme and diverse approaches, it was necessary to adapt the methodology to meet the needs of the evaluation. The Evaluation Team utilized a range of qualitative and quantitative techniques within the context of a Rapid Cycle Evaluation framework. For each project, Contexts, Mechanisms and Outcomes (CMOs) were identified at three stages and were incorporated into the CMO configuration, leading to the development of a middle range theory. Validation and testing of theory took place at every stage.
Realist methodology was the most appropriate existing method. However, it still necessitated modification.
Association between alcohol use and frailty among elder adults in three Chinese cities
Authors: Nie Xin , Williams Greg , Verma Arpana , Zhu Yongkai , Fu Hua , Jia Yingnan , Dai Junming , Gao Junling 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Frailty is often described as a condition of the elderly and alcohol use is associated with frailty. The aim of this study is to examine the associations between alcohol use and frailty in three cities in elder adults.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in three cities in China from June 2017 to October 2018. In total, 2888 residents aged ≥65 years old were selected by using a multi-level stage sampling procedure. Alcohol use was assessed by Focusing on Cutting down, Annoyance by criticism, Guilty feeling, and Eye-openers (CAGE) four-item questionnaire. Frailty was measured by a validated Chinese version of the Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness, and Loss of weight (FRAIL) scale. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine the association of alcohol use with pre-frailty and frailty after controlling for varied covariates.

Results
In general, the prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty was 38.64 and 20.26%, respectively. After controlling for covariates and interaction of age and problematic drinking, non-problematic drinkers neither had association with pre-frailty (OR: 1.15, 95%CI:0.86–1.52) nor with frailty (OR:0.90, 95%CI:0.60–1.36), and problematic drinkers neither had association with frailty (OR: 1.21, 95%CI:0.83–1.76), while problematic drinkers had high odd ratios of frailty (OR:3.28, 95%CI:2.02–5.33) compared with zero-drinker.

Conclusions
Our study found a positive association between problematic drinking and frailty, no relationship between non-problematic drinking and (pre-)frailty compared with zero-drinking among Chinese elder adults. Based on previous findings and ours, we conclude it is important for the prevention of frailty to advocate no problematic drinking among elder adults.
Place Your Bets? The Value of Investment Research on Reddit’s Wallstreetbets
Authors: Bradley Daniel , Hanousek Jan , Jame Russell , Xiao Zicheng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We examine the value of due diligence recommendations on Reddit’s Wallstreetbets (WSB) platform. Before the Gamestop (GME) short squeeze, recommendations are significant predictors of returns and cash-flow news. This predictability is eliminated post-GME. Post-GME, the fraction of reports emphasizing price-pressure or attention-grabbing stocks dramatically increases, and the decline in informativeness is concentrated in these reports. Similarly, retail trade informativeness is particularly strong following DD reports in the pre-GME period, but not post-GME. Our findings are consistent with the view that the Gamestop event altered the culture of WSB, leading to a deterioration in investment quality that adversely affected smaller investors.