bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of cyclin D1 inhibits TNF‐induced growth arrest
Authors: Moneo Victoria , Guijarro Maria del Valle , Link Wolfgang , Carnero Amancio 
Published: May 2003

AbstractAlthough activated macrophages destroy cancer cells more effectively than normal cells, the facility to escape activated macrophages is a characteristic of tumor cells. One of the mechanisms responsible for the specific killing of tumor cells by macrophages is the production of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF). Therefore, resistance to TNF may provide such cancer cells a selective advantage against host elimination. In the present work we explore the possibility that cyclin D1 overrides the cytostatic effect of TNF. We show that TNF induces p21waf1 protein in malignant melanoma A375 cells and its binding to CDK2/4 and 6 proteins, and thereby inhibiting the activity of these complexes. This inhibition leads the cells to a G1 arrest. Overexpression of cyclin D1 in these cells makes them insensitive to TNF treatment with the recovery of CDK activity, however, is unable to overcome the inhibitory action of etoposide blocking the cells on G2/M. The bypass of TNF‐induced G1 arrest seems to be related to the increase in the stability of cyclin D bound CDK complexes, increasing the total amount of CDK2/4 and 6 complexes and leading to a functional down titration of the p21waf1 molecules. In these conditions the TNF‐induced increase of p21waf1 is not sufficient to inhibit the high amount of cyclin D‐bound complexes. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that a reduction in the levels of p21waf1 protein, induced by the expression of a mRNA antisense against p21waf1, is also able to bypass of TNF‐induced arrest. Our results confirm that p21waf1 has an essential role in TNF‐induced arrest and that the deregulation of cyclin D1 may be one of the mechanisms to escape physiological signals to restrict tumoral growth. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flavonoids inhibit VEGF/bFGF‐induced angiogenesis in vitro by inhibiting the matrix‐degrading proteases
Authors: Kim Myoung H. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractFlavonoids have been proposed to act as chemopreventive agents in numerous epidemiological studies and have been shown to inhibit angiogenesis and proliferation of tumor cells and endothelial cells in vitro. Angiogenesis requires tightly controlled extracellular matrix degradation mediated by extracellular proteolytic enzymes including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and serine proteases, in particular, the urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA)‐plasmin system. In this study, we have investigated the antiangiogenic mechanism of the flavonoids, genistein, apigenin, and 3‐hydroxyflavone in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model. The stimulation of serum‐starved HUVECs with vascular endothelial growth factor/basic fibroblast growth factor (VEGF/bFGF) caused marked increase in MMP‐1 production and induced the pro‐MMP‐2 activation accompanied by the increase in MT1‐MMP expression. However, pretreatment with flavonoids before VEGF/bFGF stimulation completely abolished the VEGF/bFGF‐stimulated increase in MMP‐1 and MT1‐MMP expression and pro‐MMP‐2 activation. Genistein blocked VEGF/bFGF‐stimulated increase in TIMP‐1 expression and decrease in TIMP‐2 expression. Apigenin and 3‐hydroxyflavone further decreased TIMP‐1 expression below basal level and completely abolished TIMP‐2 expression. VEGF and bFGF stimulation also significantly induced uPA expression, most strikingly the level of 33 kDa uPA, and increased the expression of PA inhibitor (PAI)‐1. Genistein, apigenin, and 3‐hydroxyflavone effectively blocked the generation of 33 kDa uPA, and further decreased the activity of the 55 kDa uPA and the expression of PAI‐1 below the basal level. In conclusion, these data suggest that genistein, apigenin, and 3‐hydroxyflavone inhibit in vitro angiogenesis, in part via preventing VEGF/bFGF‐induced MMP‐1 and uPA expression and the activation of pro‐MMP‐2, and via modulating their inhibitors, TIMP‐1 and ‐2, and PAI‐1. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PCR detection of clonal IgH and TCR gene rearrangements at the end of induction as a non‐remission criterion in children with ALL: Comparison with standard morphologic analysis and risk group classification
Authors: Scrideli Carlos Alberto , Queiroz Rosane Gomes de Paula , Bernardes José Eduardo , Valera Elvis Terci , Tone Luiz Gonzaga 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackgroundThe initial response to induction therapy is currently considered one of the most important prognostic factors in acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL). A series of methods for the detection of submicroscopic levels of residual disease in patients with ALL mainly based on PCR and immunophenotyping has been developed, demonstrating that the presence of high levels of residual disease at the end of induction therapy is an important, independent prognostic factor. We determined the usefulness of PCR detection of minimal residual disease using consensus primers as a non‐remission criterion.ProcedureBone marrow samples obtained from 49 children with ALL were analyzed at diagnosis and at the end of induction therapy for the detection of clonal IgH, TCRδ, and TCRγ rearrangements by PCR. The results were compared with those obtained by standard morphologic analysis and risk group classification.ResultsPatients who had clonality detected at the end of induction showed a significantly higher recurrence rate and lower event‐free survival than those without detected clonality (24.9% vs. 89.7%) (P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that detection of clonality at the end of induction was the most important, independent prognostic factor when associated with age, number of white blood cells, and immunophenotyping.ConclusionsPCR detection of clonality using consensus primers is a relatively simple technique that is able to identify patients with a high chance of recurrence, and shows a higher sensitivity and a better prognostic value than standard morphologic analysis and risk group classification, defining a new remission criterion. However, further multicentric prospective studies using this technique employing a larger number of cases are necessary to confirm these findings. Med Pediatr Oncol 2003;41:10–16. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid LightCycler assay for identification of the Perforin codon 374 Trp → stop mutation in patients and families with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Authors: Stadt Udo zur , Kabisch Hartmut , Janka Gritta , Schneider E. Marion 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackgroundRecently, point mutations in the Perforin gene on chromosome 10q21 have been described to be the cause of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in a subset of patients. Small deletions, missense, or nonsense mutations were found in both coding exons of the gene. One mutation was found apparently independently in different families of Turkish origin. This Trp374stop mutation is located within a cystein‐rich epidermal growth factor (EGF) precursor type domain in exon 3 of the Perforin gene.ProcedureTo detect this mutation, we developed a rapid “fluorescence resonance energy transfer” (FRET) assay on the LightCycler based on the different melting behavior of mutated and wild‐type sequences.ResultsIn seven out of 20 analyzed patients with defined HLH history, this Trp374stop mutation was detectable within the different genotypes. Additionally, one out of 90 alleles tested in 45 healthy Turkish controls had this mutation.DiscussionWe present a rapid and reliable test for the most common Perforin (Trp374stop) mutation in HLH suitable for genetic testing and prenatal diagnosis. The mutation was detected in a large proportion of Turkish patients. Furthermore, a rapid and precise diagnosis of HLH will shorten the initiation of therapy in this subset of patients. Med Pediatr Oncol 2003;41:26–29. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of anthraquinone glycosides from madder roots
Authors: Derksen Goverdina C. H. , Naayer Martijn , van Beek Teris A. , Capelle Anthony , Haaksman Ingrid K. , van Doren Henk A. , de Groot Æde 
Published: May 2003

AbstractFor the production of a commercially useful dye extract from madder, the glycoside ruberythric acid has to be hydrolysed to the aglycone alizarin which is the main dye component. An intrinsic problem is the simultaneous hydrolysis of the glycoside lucidin primeveroside to the unwanted mutagenic aglycone lucidin. Madder root was treated with strong acid, strong base or enzymes to convert ruberythric acid into alizarin and the anthraquinone compositions of the suspensions were analysed by HPLC. A cheap and easy method to hydrolyse ruberythric acid in madder root to alizarin without the formation of lucidin turned out to be the stirring of dried madder roots in water at room temperature for 90 min: this gave a suspension containing pseudopurpurin, munjistin, alizarin and nordamnacanthal. Native enzymes are responsible for the hydrolysis, after which lucidin is converted to nordamnacanthal by an endogenous oxidase. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionic content in plant extracts determined by ion chromatography with conductivity detection
Authors: Cataldi Tommaso R. I. , Margiotta Giovanna , Del Fiore Antonella , Bufo Sabino A. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA simple method is described for the determination of the ionic content of vegetable samples by ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection. Extracts of leaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), leaves and cotyledons of watermelon (Citrullus lanantus), cotyledons of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo), and leaves and roots of olive (Olea europaea) obtained at room temperature yielded chromatographic profiles with substantial differences in the relative contents of Cl−, NO3−, HPO42− and SO42− as well as of Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+. Although NO3−, Cl− and K+ were common to each extracted sample and accounted for most of the ions present, two additional anion peaks (i.e. malate and oxalate) were detected. Among the vegetable tissues investigated, olive roots contained a considerable amount of oxalate (37 mg/g dry weight), while Na+, which is present in very low amount in extracted samples of leaves and cotyledons, represented ca. 30% of the cationic content of olive roots. In all the examined tissue extracts, K+ was the main cation (16–55 mg/g dry weight) and NO3−, Cl− and HPO42− were the main inorganic anions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of colchicine and related alkaloids from seeds of Colchicum autumnale L.
Authors: Ellington Ernesto , Bastida Jaume , Viladomat Francesc , Codina Carles 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA method for the extraction of the alkaloids colchicine, 3‐demethylcolchicine and colchicoside from seeds of Colchicum autumnale by supercritical carbon dioxide has been established. Several parameters such as pressure, temperature, percentage of modifier and extraction time have been examined. Two extraction steps with constant carbon dioxide density (0.90 g/mL) and flux (1.5 mL/min) were required to extract the alkaloids in 110 min using 3% methanol as modifier. The quantitative determination of the alkaloids was performed by HPLC; the percentages of recovery were higher than 98% for the three alkaloids. This extraction procedure was compared with a conventional method involving maceration and sonication, and the same levels of alkaloids were obtained in each case. The supercritical carbon dioxide method is, however, very efficient, more rapid and more environmentally friendly than conventional methods. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Issues relating to the early or earlier use of insulin in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Home PD , Boulton AJM , Jimenez J , Landgraf R , Osterbrink B , Christiansen JS 
Published: May 2003

AbstractInsulin therapy is increasingly being considered earlier in the management of people with type 2 diabetes. Its ability to achieve appropriate levels of glycaemic control and to maintain that control in the long term is not shared by other treatment options. The benefits of preventing deterioration to poorer levels of blood glucose control in order to avoid late complications of diabetes are now well established. Insulin also has a well‐established safety profile. In spite of these and other advantages, a number of factors such as risk of hypoglycaemia, weight gain and, more controversially, the possibility of insulin‐associated atherogenicity have been perceived as potential risks limiting its earlier use. Other factors, such as availability, needle phobia, dietary restriction, employment issues and economic considerations may also be seen as possible barriers.This review aims to address these issues in turn and, against this background, highlight the potential of earlier initiation of insulin therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes. It also attempts to identify which patients might benefit most from such a strategy. It is concluded that, in general, any possible risks or barriers (real or perceived) to the use of insulin should not discourage its early or earlier integration into the management of type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Will the Diabetes NSF deliver? The Editorial Board's views, part 2
Authors: Foster Ali 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIn the January/February 2001 issue, Practical Diabetes International published a ‘wish list’ for the National Service Framework for Diabetes. Two years later, with the Delivery Strategy only just published, have those wishes come true? Ali Foster gives her views. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diabetic hand disease
Authors: Paisey RB , Hundia V , Khan A , Halpin D 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe combination of peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy and increased susceptibility to infection are responsible for diabetic foot problems. In patients with evidence of diabetic foot disease, it is important to take measures to keep good care of the hands, which can also be compromised. The hand is a common site for acupuncture. This case report demonstrates serious limb threatening complications following acupuncture treatment for pain from rheumatoid arthritis and sensory neuropathy. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pyrolysis of polyaromatic heterocyclics
Authors: Wrasidlo Wolfgang , Empey Richard 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe oxidative and thermal degradation of some polyaromatic heterocyclics in air and helium has been studied by dynamic thermogravimetry to 1400°C. Decomposition characteristics are the result of polymer structure, molecular weight, and method of preparation. Decomposition in air follows first‐order rate laws, while degradation under inert conditions does not appear to follow simple rate laws. The activation energies for the decomposition in air are between 30 and 35 kcal./mole for most polymers investigated. Carbonaceous polymer residues at 1400°C. are present in varying quantities.
Theoretical depolymerization kinetics. IV. Effect of a volatile fraction on the degradation of an initial “most probable” polymer
Authors: Boyd Richard H. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe effect of volatilization of molecules larger than monomer has been introduced into the solution of the Simha, Wall, and Blatz kinetic equations for the degradation of a high polymer with an initial “most probable” distribution. Equations describing the rate of sample weight and average molecular weight change result. They differ from the previous “most probable” equations primarily in the presence of an additive term representing the random splitting near the chain ends due to bond scission or transfer attack. Equations are also obtained for the rate of formation of each volatile species and hence the product distribution. The effect of volatilization of larger fragments is discussed in detail for the special case of random scission initiation. The product distribution is discussed for two special cases.
Base‐catalyzed polymerization of acryloyl‐ and methacryloyl‐α‐amino acid amides
Authors: Iwakura Yoshio , Toda Fujio , Torii Yoshinori , Sekii Reiko 
Published: May 2003

AbstractN‐Acryloylglycinamide, N‐methacryloylglycinamide, N‐acryloyl‐DL‐ and L‐alaninamide, and N‐methacryloyl‐DL‐ and ‐L‐alaninamide were polymerized by basic catalysts. Polymers with low viscosities were obtained. Automatic amino acid analyses of the hydrolyzates of these polymers indicated that a hydrogen transfer from the terminal amide group took place along with vinyl polymerization. Hydrogen transfer from the secondary amide group was also observed. The ratio of the hydrogen transfer and the vinyl polymerizations was determined by results of automatic amino acid analyses.
Radical and anionic homopolymerization of maleimide and N‐n‐butylmaleimide
Authors: Nakayama Y. , Smets G. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe rate of homopolymerization of maleimide has been measured in dimethylformamide solution at 60°C. in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile; it has been compared to that of N‐n‐butylmaleimide. The overall rates of polymerization are equal to Rp = k[M]1.1–1.2 [In]0.8 for maleimide, and Rp = k'[M] [In]0.5 for the N‐substituted imide. The difference of behavior has been interpreted on the basis of an intramolecular tautomery of the terminal group of the maleimide growing chain and the formation of a resonance‐stabilized succinimidyl radical. The relative ease of polymerization of these monomers and of maleic anhydride has been discussed. In the presence of sodium tert‐butoxide at 20°C. in dimethylformamide solutions, maleimide polymerizes with hydrogen isomerization. The percentage of N‐substituted isomerized units was evaluated at 70–75% by measurement of the rate of hydrolysis in 0.005N sodium hydroxide and comparison with succinimide and N‐butylsuccinimide. N‐n‐butylmaleimide undergoes ring opening together with anionic polymerization in the presence of sodium tert‐butoxide at 20°C. and butyllithium at ‐40°C. Unlike the radical‐initiated polymerization, it was impossible to obtain anionic copolymers of maleimide and N‐butylmaleimide with acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate.
Cohesive energy densities of polymers from turbidimetric titrations
Authors: Suh K. W. , Clarke D. H. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractTurbidimetric titrations have been made on polystyrene and poly‐o‐chlorostyrene in a series of solvents to deduce the solubility parameters of polymers from the Flory‐Huggins interaction parameter χ. The assigned solubility parameter for polystyrene agrees well with the reported values obtained from swelling measurements. Brief discussion of the exceptional behavior in the solvent powers of paraffins is given.
Cationic polymerization of α,β‐disubstituted olefins. Part II. Cationic polymerization of propenyl N‐butyl ether
Authors: Mizote A. , Kusudo S. , Higashimura T. , Okamura S. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe cationic polymerization of propenyl n‐butyl ether (PBE) in methylene chloride with boron fluoride etherate at −78°C. has been studied. The copolymerization of PBE with vinyl n‐butyl ether (VBE) showed that both the isomers are more reactive than VBE, and their monomer reactivity ratios were found to be:
Kinetics of polymerization of styrene initiated by substituted benzoyl peroxides. IV. Decomposition induced by substituted diethylanilines
Authors: O'driscoll Kenneth F. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractEquilibrium complex formation between symmetrically substituted benzoyl peroxides and ring‐substituted N,N‐diethylanilines has been quantitatively measured. From the results the rate constant for the unimolecular decomposition of the complexes, producing an initiating free radical, is found to be approximately 1012 exp {(–25 X 103)/RT}. The data obtained are consistent with a previously postulated mechanism for radical production in the presence of vinyl monomers.
Occurrence, horizontal transfer and degeneration of VDE intein family in Saccharomycete yeasts
Authors: Okuda Yoshihiro , Sasaki Daisuke , Nogami Satoru , Kaneko Yoshinobu , Ohya Yoshikazu , Anraku Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2003

AbstractVDE is a homing endonuclease gene originally discovered as an intervening element in VMA1s of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. There have been two independent subfamilies of VDE, one from S. cerevisiae strain X2180‐1A and the other from Saccharomyces sp. DH1‐1A in the host VMA1 gene, and they share the identity of 96.3%. In order to search the occurrence, intra/interspecies transfer and molecular degeneration of VDE, complete sequences of VMA1 in 10 strains of S. cerevisiae, eight species of saccharomycete yeasts, Candida glabrata and Kluyveromyces lactis were determined. We found that six of 10 S. cerevisiae strains contain VDEs 99.7–100% identical to that of the strain X2180‐1A, one has no VDE, whereas the other three harbour VDEs 100% identical to that of the strain DH1‐1A. S. carlsbergensis has two VMA1s, one being 99.8% identical to that of the strain X2180‐1A with VDE 100% identical to that of the strain DH1‐1A and the other containing the same VMA1 in S. pastorianus with no VDE. This and other evidence indicates that intra/interspecies transmissions of VDEs have occurred among saccharomycete yeasts. Phylogenetic analyses of VMA1 and VDE suggest that the S. cerevisiae VDEs had branched earlier than other VDEs from an ancestral VDE and had invaded into the host loci as relatively late events. The two VDEs seemed to degenerate in individual host loci, retaining their splicing capacity intact. The degeneration of the endonuclease domains was distinct and, if compared, its apparent rate was much faster than that of the protein‐splicing domains. The VMA1 gene sequences determined in this study have been deposited in the GenBank data library under the Accession Nos shown in Table 1. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guanidine reduces stop codon read‐through caused by missense mutations in SUP35 or SUP45
Authors: Bradley Michael E. , Bagriantsev Sviatoslav , Vishveshwara Namitha , Liebman Susan W. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractSup35 and Sup45 are essential protein components of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae translation termination factor. Yeast cells harbouring the [PSI+] prion form of Sup35 have impaired stop codon recognition (nonsense suppression). It has long been known that the [PSI+] prion is not stably transmitted to daughter cells when yeast are grown in the presence of mM concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl). In this paper, Mendelian suppressor mutations whose phenotypes are likewise hidden during growth in the presence of millimolar GuHCl are described. Such GuHCl‐remedial Mendelian suppressors were selected under conditions where [PSI+] appearance was limiting, and were caused by missense mutations in SUP35 or SUP45. Clearly, antisuppression caused by growth in the presence of GuHCl is not sufficient to distinguish missense mutations in SUP35 or SUP45, from [PSI+]. However, the Mendelian and prion suppressors can be distinguished by subsequent growth in the absence of GuHCl, where only the nonsense suppression caused by the [PSI+] prion remains cured. Recent reports indicate that GuHCl blocks the inheritance of [PSI+] by directly inhibiting the activity of the protein remodelling factor Hsp104, which is required for the transmission of [PSI+] from mother to daughter cells. However, the nonsense suppressor activity caused by the GuHCl‐remedial sup35 or sup45 suppressors does not require Hsp104. Thus, GuHCl must antisuppress the sup35 and sup45 mutations via an in vivo target distinct from Hsp104. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.