bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correcting Standard Errors in Two‐stage Estimation Procedures with Generated Regressands*
Authors: Dumont Michel , Rayp Glenn , Thas Olivier , Willemé Peter 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFeenstra and Hanson [NBER Working Paper No. 6052 (1997)] propose a procedure to correct the standard errors in a two‐stage regression with generated dependent variables. Their method has subsequently been used in two‐stage mandated wage models [Feenstra and Hanson, Quarterly Journal of Economics (1999) Vol. 114, pp. 907–940; Haskel and Slaughter, The Economic Journal (2001) Vol. 111, pp. 163–187; Review of International Economics (2003) Vol. 11, pp. 630–650] and for the estimation of the sector bias of skill‐biased technological change [Haskel and Slaughter, European Economic Review (2002) Vol. 46, pp. 1757–1783]. Unfortunately, the proposed correction is negatively biased (sometimes even resulting in negative estimated variances) and therefore leads to overestimation of the inferred significance. We present an unbiased correction procedure and apply it to the models reported by Feenstra and Hanson (1999) and Haskel and Slaughter (2002).
Without words – meaningful information for people with high individual communication needs
Authors: Thurman Sue , Jones Jane , Tarleton Beth 
Published: May 2005

Accessible summary

Some people with learning difficulties do not use words. They tell you things using their bodies.
• Supporters must get to know these people very well and tell them things in their own special way.

SummaryThe provision of appropriate accessible or easy information has been recognized as a right for people with learning difficulties (Department of Health 2001a). However, there is a large and growing group of people with learning difficulties whose needs cannot be met by the use of techniques such as short sentences and appropriate pictures or technological support. People with high individual communication needs do not use formal methods of communication such as speech, writing or symbols. They communicate in their own unique way through their bodies, facial expressions, sounds, eye gaze or pointing. This paper stresses the importance of individual and person centred approaches which respect and respond to the individual's form of communication. It presents seven principles which will help those around the individual to understand them, the way they communicate, where they communicate best and which encourages supporters only to provide information that is relevant.
Seeing for ourselves: producing accessible information for people learning difficulties and visual impairments
Authors: Levy Gill 
Published: May 2005

Accessible summary

Lots of people with learning difficulties have visual impairments. This means that they cannot see very well.
Lots of people with learning difficulties need their eyes tested. Many people with learning difficulties need glasses.
Services and supporters need to make sure people who cannot see well get information in the best way for them.

SummaryVisual impairment, although often unidentified, is common in people with learning disabilities. However, despite the high incidence of sight problems, little guidance has been produced on accessible information for this varied ‘group’ of individuals. This paper, which develops the Information for All guidance [Rodgers et al. (2004)http://www.easyinfo.org.uk] on the provision of information for people with learning difficulties and visual impairments, seeks to redress this. It begins by discussing some of the different sight problems people with learning difficulties may have and how people with ‘low vision’ can be supported to make use of information. It outlines how information should be provided for people with learning difficulties who have visual impairments whose need for accessible information is often overlooked, denying them the opportunity to make truly informed choices. It considers why people with learning disabilities and visual impairments may need different formats for different situations.
Changes and choices: finding out what information young people with learning disabilities, their parents and supporters need at transition
Authors: Tarleton Beth , Ward Linda 
Published: May 2005

Accessible summary

Transition means growing up and becoming an adult. There are a lot of changes and choices for young people at transition.
We found out what information young people, their families and supporters need at transition.
Young people with learning disabilities from North Somerset People First did the project with other researchers.

SummaryThis article provides an overview of the methods and findings of a project, commissioned by the Social Care Institute for Excellence, to explore the information needs of young people with learning disabilities, their families and supporters at transition. It describes how a group of young people with learning disabilities were trained in research methods and undertook four focus groups with other young people with learning disabilities in England and Wales. Parallel focus groups involving their parents and supporters were conducted at the same time, facilitated by a family carer and professional respectively. The different kinds of information required are summarized: for example, all three groups wanted information about getting a job and going to college and about the transition process generally, but there were also differences in emphasis between the groups, which are described. Key issues in providing information at transition in ways likely to be most accessible to the different stakeholders are outlined.
Writing it ourselves
Authors:   Wyre Forest Self Advocacy, Tarleton Beth 
Published: May 2005

Accessible summary

People with learning disabilities have lots to say. They know how to say things to people with learning disabilities.
People with learning disabilities can get many skills by making easy information.

SummaryThe paper describes how a group of self advocates wrote a book. It discusses each of the stages of writing and developing the book. It says why they wanted to write a book, what they thought about making information easier and how they chose the right words and pictures. It shows that people with learning disabilities can make easy information for other people with learning disabilities. It also shows how making the information helped the self advocates develop lots of skills and how proud it made them feel. The self advocates knew how important it was for people with learning disabilities to be involved in making ‘easy information’. They said they knew how it felt to be in their situation.
‘It's about a dialogue...’1 Working with people with learning difficulties to develop accessible information
Authors: Ward Linda , Townsley Ruth 
Published: May 2005

Accessible summary

It is very important that people with learning difficulties help make easy information.
People with learning difficulties should be involved in all the different parts of making easy information.
Involving people with learning difficulties costs money but it is very important.

SummaryA key element of producing easy information is working together with the target audience. This should mean that the information produced is easier for them to understand and more likely to make a difference to their lives. If possible it is good to work together with both ‘expert’ or experienced information users and those who are new to the area. Partnership working needs to happen throughout every stage of information production: at the outset; testing rough drafts; involving people in information production and testing the final draft before it goes public. Evaluating the information after it is produced is also important. Working in partnership has costs and benefits: the article concludes with a review of these.
Perceptions of risk in intimacy and social participation
Authors: NEZLEK JOHN B. , PILKINGTON CONSTANCE J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe present study examined the relations between individuals' social lives and the risks they perceived in being intimate with others. Participants maintained a variant of the Rochester Interaction Record (Wheeler & Nezlek, 1977) and completed the Risk in Intimacy Inventory (Pilkington & Richardson, 1988). The results indicated that, compared to people who perceived less risk, people who perceived more risk in intimacy had less rewarding social lives on measures of socio‐emotional and socio‐instrumental dimensions of interaction. Risk in intimacy concerns were particularly salient for women in their interactions with the opposite sex and for men in their interactions with the same sex. In addition, the statistical associations between perceptions of risk in intimacy and characteristics of interactions within close opposite‐sex personal relationships varied as a function of participants' sex and the nature of this personal relationship.
Equity and marital satisfaction over the family life cycle
Authors: FEENEY JUDITH , PETERSON CANDIDA , NOLLER PATRICIA 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMarital satisfaction and perceptions of global marital equity were assessed in a sample of 373 Australian husbands and wives drawn from four phases of the family life cycle: preparenthood, childrearing, launching, and the empty nest. For wives only, satisfaction levels across successive phases described the U‐shaped curve predicted from previous research. Sex differences emerged in perceptions of marital equity: During childrearing and the empty nest, more wives than husbands experienced equity; and in all phases except preparenthood, inequitable marriages were more likely to produce overbenefit for husbands and underbenefit for wives. For the sample as a whole, and for the preparenthood and childrearing groups individually, marital satisfaction was predicted both by the relative level of benefit a respondent gained from marriage, and by how closely the balance of exchange in the marriage matched strict equity. During launching, however, relative benefit eclipsed strict adherence to the rule of equity as a predictor of satisfaction, whereas during the empty nest phase, strict equity eclipsed relative benefit. Possible explanations for these life‐cycle variations are discussed.
Attachment styles and close relationships: A four‐year prospective study
Authors: KIRKPATRICK LEE A. , HAZAN CINDY 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA longitudinal study of 177 adults examined the stability of adult attachment styles and of romantic relationships over a 4‐year period. Findings included the following: (a) attachment styles were highly stable over time; (b) Time 1 attachment style was a significant predictor of Time 2 relationship status, but (c) this effect was mediated by concurrent attachment style at Time 2; (d) secure respondents were less likely than insecure respondents to report one or more breakups during the 4‐year interval, but (e) paradoxically, ambivalent respondents were just as likely as secure respondents to be in a relationship with the same partner they had identified 4 years earlier; and (f) attachment stability was moderated to some extent by the experience of breakup or initiation of new relationships during the interim. Respondents' ability to recall their previous attachment style was also examined. Methodological and theoretical implications are discussed, particularly with respect to the conceptualization of attachment styles as traits versus reflections of current relationship status.
Feeling good and feeling close: Affective influences on the perception of intimate relationships
Authors: FORGAS JOSEPH P. , LEVINGER GEORGE , MOYLAN STEPHANIE J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTwo experiments investigated the role of short‐term affective states on the way people perceive various aspects of their personal relationships. Using an unobtrusive mood induction in a field setting, Experiment 1 found significant mood congruency in evaluative judgments about well‐established intimate relationships. Experiment 2 used a controlled laboratory procedure and found that evaluations of the relationship and the partner, as well as preferred styles of conflict resolution were all significantly affected by the respondents' transient mood state. Increasing relationship longevity did not reduce affective influences on judgments in either study. The results arc discussed in terms of the role of affective states in cognition and judgments, and the influence of affect on everyday judgments about personal relationships is considered.
The role of intimacy and social support in health outcomes: Two processes or one?
Authors: REIS HARRY T. , FRANKS PETER 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThat intimacy and social support are related to an individual's health and well‐being has often been noted. The present study had two goals. First, we intended to establish whether intimacy and social support were related to mental and physical health in a large, representative community sample. Second, we sought to determine whether intimacy and social support make unique contributions to predicting health, as a step toward developing a model of the relation between these processes. Results strongly supported the initial hypothesis that intimacy and social support were both related to health status. We also found that the effects of intimacy on well‐being were mediated by social support, but that the effects of social support were not mediated by intimacy. We therefore concluded that the health‐promoting benefits of intimacy most likely occur because intimate relationships are likely to engender higher levels of social support. Distinguishing unique and shared prediction effects is a generic concern for disciplines that study variables that are naturally correlated in real life, such as in the field of personal relationships.
Two sides to the breakup of dating relationships
Authors: SPRECHER SUSAN 
Published: May 2005

AbstractVery few studies on the aftermath of relationship breakups have included data from both ex‐partners. The major purpose of this study was to examine whether there is any validity to the principle that there are two sides to every breakup. Questionnaire data were collected from both partners of 47 heterosexual, dating couples after they experienced the breakup of their relationship. Their emotional reactions, perceptions of who had control over the breakup, and perceptions of reasons for the breakup were analyzed. Results indicated that there was no association between ex‐partners in the level of distress experienced after the breakup. Ex‐partners agreed about who had control and who was responsible for the breakup and about some of the specific reasons for the breakup. Fewer gender differences were found in this study than have been found in previous research on dating relationship breakups (e.g., Hill, Rubin, & Peplau, 1976). For example, men and women were similar in the overall distress they experienced after the breakup and in the reasons they gave for the breakup. Women were more likely than men to be seen as the initiator of the breakup, but only by women themselves. Additional analyses indicated that perceptions of control and the reasons for the breakup were related to emotional reactions after the breakup.
Behavioral buffers on the effect of negativity on marital satisfaction: A longitudinal study
Authors: HUSTON TED L. , CHOROST AMY F. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA 2‐year longitudinal study of newlyweds was conducted to explore the connection between negativity and satisfaction as a function of (a) the extent to which spouses create an atmosphere of friendliness (as indexed by the degree to which they are affectionally expressive) and (b) the reported extent to which they try to accommodate to each other's needs and work toward maintaining the quality of their relationship. Data concerning marital behavior (negativity, affectional expression, and maintenance) and marital satisfaction were gathered from 105 pairs of spouses on three occasions spaced approximately a year apart. Hierarchical regressions with the concurrent data revealed that affectional expression and maintenance appear to buffer the impact of husbands' negativity on wives' satisfaction. The buffering hypothesis was not supported, however, when wives' behavior was used to account for husbands' satisfaction. Consistent with the buffering hypothesis, the decline in wives' satisfaction associated with husbands' negativity was less great when husbands exhibited relatively high levels of affectional expression. Declines in husbands' level of satisfaction, in contrast, could not be predicted by wives' initial levels of negativity, considered alone, or in combination with either their level of affectional expression or maintenance behavior.
The effects of self‐beliefs and relationship beliefs on adjustment to a relationship stressor
Authors: HELGESON VICKI S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA longitudinal study of college students involved in long‐distance romantic relationships was conducted to examine the associations of positive self‐beliefs and positive relationship beliefs to general distress, relationship status at the end of the semester (together vs. broken up), adjustment to a relationship stressor (physical separation), and adjustment to breakup. It was expected that positive self‐beliefs (self‐esteem, perceived control mastery, optimism) would predict the general psychological health outcome and that positive relationship beliefs (e.g., optimism about the future of the relationship) would predict the three relationship outcomes. Results confirmed predictions. Despite the positive correlation between self‐beliefs and relationship beliefs, positive self‐beliefs were associated with less psychological distress but were not associated with the three relationship outcomes. Relationship beliefs were associated with all three of the relationship outcomes. Positive relationship beliefs were adaptive in terms of relationship status, but were related to worse adjustment to the separation and worse adjustment to the breakup.
The influence of parent negative emotional expression on adolescents' perceptions of their relationships with their parents
Authors: FLANNERY DANIEL X , MONTEMAYOR RAYMOND , EBERLY MARY B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between parent affective expression in interactions and adolescent perceptions of their relationship. Observational and self‐report data were collected on 85 intact families with adolescents in grades 5 to 9 (n = 44 males, 41 females). Each parent and adolescent took part in two 8‐minute conversations–one about an activity they reported enjoying together and one about a disagreement or area of conflict. Conversations were coded on a speaker turn basis for positive, negative, neutral, mixed, and altered affect (kappa = .76). Physical maturation was related to adolescent perceptions of increased negative communication quality in all parent‐adolescent dyads. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that expression by fathers of negative and mixed affect significantly predicted adolescent perceptions of communication quality, psychological autonomy, and firm/lax control, in addition to the effects of adolescent pubertal maturation. Mother affective expression in interactions was less consistently related to adolescent perceptions of relationship satisfaction. Implications for the salience of father versus mother affective expression in interactions with adolescents are discussed.
System functioning in families with ADHD and non‐ADHD sons
Authors: CAMPARO LORINDA , CHRISTENSEN ANDREW , BUHRMESTER DUANE , HINSHAW STEPHEN 
Published: May 2005

AbstractEighteen families with hyperactive 6‐ to 12‐year‐old sons and 19 families with normal 6‐ to 12‐year‐old sons were observed discussing childrearing concerns in mother‐father‐son triads. Parents also completed questionnaires assessing marital and parent‐child relationships. Observational ratings indicated that the hyperactive sons misbehaved more and exhibited less adaptive and age‐appropriate behavior than did the comparison sons. The parents' self‐report data indicated that the parents of hyperactive sons spent more time discussing their sons' problems and blaming their sons for family problems relative to parents of comparison sons. The parents of hyperactive sons also reported that their sons' problems distracted them from other marital and family concerns more than did parents of comparison sons. Nevertheless, parents of hyperactive sons did not report greater marital satisfaction or a greater sense of being unified by their sons' problems. Consistent with previous findings, families of hyperactive sons also did not report or exhibit more marital conflict than did families of comparison sons. This discussion focuses on the usefulness of a systems approach for understanding the interdependence among relationships within families.
Prototype‐based assessment of laypeople's views of love
Authors: FEHR BEVERLEY 
Published: May 2005

AbstractEmpirical work on love has focused mainly on romantic/passionate love. Recent research suggests that other kinds of love, such as friendship love and familial love, may be more salient to laypeople (Fehr & Russell, 1991). One purpose of this research was to offer a more complete picture of how laypeople conceptualize love by exploring a broad range of types of love. The other major purpose was to develop a methodology for studying laypeople's conceptions of different kinds of love. Four studies were conducted. In Study 1, dating couples were presented with prototypes of 15 different types of love. They were asked to rate how similar the conception of love depicted in each prototype was to their own view of love. Study 2 was a replication of Study 1 with subjects who were not dating one another. In Study 3, the validity of the prototype measures was explored by asking subjects to determine the kind of love depicted in each prototype. Study 4 investigated the relation between the prototypes of love and existing love scales and therefore addressed issues of convergent and discriminant validity. These prototype‐based measures showed considerable promise as valid, reliable instruments for assessing people's views of love. They revealed that laypeople regard friendship love and familial kinds of love as closest to their own view. Passionate kinds of love (e.g., passionate, infatuation, puppy love) received the lowest ratings. The measures also proved useful in elucidating the relation between laypeople's and experts' conceptions of romantic and passionate love.
Love: American style, Russian style, and Japanese style
Authors: SPRECHER SUSAN , ARON ARTHUR , HATFIELD ELAINE , CORTESE ANTHONY , POTAPOVA ELENA , LEVITSKAYA ANNA 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis study was undertaken to examine young women's and men's orientations toward love in three very different cultures: Japan (N = 223), Russia (N = 401), and the United States (N = 1,043). The love variables examined were: frequency of lore experiences, attachment types, love styles, love as a basis for marriage, romantic attitudes, and predictors of falling in love. Many cultural differences were found in the love variables, but the effect of culture was not always in the expected direction. We also examined how the pattern of gender differences in love variables differed across the three societies. Some of the gender differences and similarities found in previous love research and also in the U.S. sample of this study were not replicated in the Japanese and/or Russian samples. We discuss the importance of studying love and other aspects of close relationships with data collected from more than one culture.