bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaving elite sport, abandoning athletic identity? Development and predictors of athletic identity post-retirement
Authors: Schmid Michael J. , Hlasová Helena , Ronkainen Noora J. , Conzelmann Achim , Schmid Juerg 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine how athletic identity develops beyond a career in elite sport and which factors contribute to this development. A two-wave 12-year longitudinal survey of 290 Swiss elite athletes (Mage = 36.8 years at t2; 32.8% women, 67.2% men; 63% individual sports, 37% team sports athletes) was conducted during (t1) and after their career (t2). Multilevel models revealed that athletic identity was high at t1 and decreased over time. However, there was considerable heterogeneity across athletes. Particularly, the status as an athlete (i.e., professional vs. semi-professional), career age, and self-complexity predicted athletic identity at t1. A slower decline in athletic identity was found for athletes who earned their living in sports, participated in (recreational) competitive sport, were satisfied with their sport career, and did not increase their self-complexity at t2. Therefore, when seeking to reduce athletic identity, it is recommended to promote self-complexity through exploratory behavior.
Affirming Neurodiversity within Applied Behavior Analysis
Authors: Mathur Sneha Kohli , Renz Ellie , Tarbox Jonathan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCriticisms of applied behavior analysis (ABA) from the autistic community continue to intensify and have an appreciable impact on research, practice, and conversation in stakeholder groups. ABA providers aspire to increase quality of life for autistic people; thus, it is imperative for providers to listen with humility and openness to the population we serve. Autistic individuals have unparalleled expertise in their own lives and their own communities. The concerns raised by the autistic community cannot, morally or ethically, be swept aside. There may be a misguided and harmful tendency to devalue concerns due to the speaker’s identification as autistic or due to their difference in professional credentials. The concept of neurodiversity can help the ABA field respond to these concerns and collaborate with the largest stakeholders of our services, the autistic clients we serve. This article summarizes some of the key criticisms that autistic advocates raise concerning ABA, discusses the social model of disability and the neurodiversity paradigm, and proposes practical guidance to help the field of ABA integrate neurodiversity and thereby evolve our research and practice. By openly acknowledging the criticisms against ABA and recognizing how we can do better as a field, we believe we can take practical steps towards a profession and a society that more fully embraces inclusion.
Dynamic Opportunities for Medical Students to Assume the Roles of “Medical Teacher”
Authors: Kumar Chitra , Miller Avery , Marshall Aaron M. , Thompson Andrew R. , Lowrie D. J. , Weber Danielle E. , Kelleher Matt , Malosh Laura , Martin Carrie , Christensen Heather R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract The traditional undergraduate medical education curriculum focuses on bolstering knowledge for practice and building clinical skills. However, as future clinicians, medical students will be tasked with teaching throughout their careers, first as residents and then as attendings. Here, we describe teaching opportunities for students that foster their development as future teachers and potential clinician educators. These offerings are diverse in their focus and duration and are offered across various levels of the curriculum — including course-based learning, longitudinal electives, and extra-curricular opportunities for medical students who have a passion for teaching.
An Application of Fuzzy Symbolic Time-Series for Energy Demand Forecasting
Authors: Criado-Ramón D. , Ruiz L.G.B. , Pegalajar M. C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new fuzzy symbolization technique for energy load forecasting with neural networks, FPLS-Sym. Symbolization techniques transform a numerical time series into a smaller string of symbols, providing a high-level representation of time series by combining segmentation, aggregation and discretization. The dimensional reduction obtained with symbolization can speed up substantially the time required to train neural networks, however, it can also lead to considerable information losses that could lead to a less accurate forecast. FPLS-Sym introduces the use of fuzzy logic in the discretization process, maintaining more information about each segment of the neural network at the expense of requiring more space in memory. Extensive experimentation was made to evaluate FPLS-Sym with various neural-network-based models, including different neural network architectures and activation functions. The evaluation was done with energy demand data from Spain taken from 2009 to 2019. Results show that FPLS-Sym provides better quality metrics than other symbolization techniques and outperforms the use of the standard numerical time series representation in both quality metrics and training time.
Multispectral remote sensing approach of predicting the potential distribution and evaluating the current spread of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
Authors: Churko Esayas Elias , Nhamo Luxon , Chitakira Munyaradzi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe water hyacinth is categorized among the world’s top ten worst invasive plant species of aquatic ecosystems. This study assessed changes in the spatiotemporal distributions of the water hyacinth in Lake Koka and Ziway of the Upper Awash River basin during the peak growth season of the plant. Household questionnaires and key informant interviews along with Landsat images for 2013, 2017, and 2021 were collected to identify the past, present, and future potential distributions of the invasive plant in the two lakes. Household surveys and key informant interviews were prepared using the Kobo Toolbox which monitors data collection online. A total number of 413 households were sampled and the data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. For Landsat images, a supervised classification technique was applied to classify the land use classes using the maximum likelihood algorithm. The survey results showed increased water hyacinth expansion in the area since the year 2011. The water hyacinth expansion affected 285 households’ livelihoods by invading 69.0% of their farmlands which caused 97.6% food scarcity in the study districts. The results of the Landsat image indicated that the water hyacinth invasion in Lake Koka occupied 1.48% in 2013, and this increased to 7.13% in 2021, while the water body decreased from 75.94 to 69.90%, respectively. However, the area of the other vegetation is nearly identical between the years 2013–2021. Likewise, water hyacinth covered 4.66% of Lake Ziway in 2013, and this was raised to 8.42% in 2021. At Lake Ziway water hyacinth invasion affected the area of other vegetation coverage as it decreased from 16.19 to 10.67% but the area of the water body remained almost the same during the years. Between 2013 and 2025, the amount of water hyacinths increased in both Lake Koka and Lake Ziway. According to LULC data, the water hyacinth's rate of spread was 0.56% in Lake Koka and 0.95% in Lake Ziway. The results of this study revealed the signals of LULC change due to water hyacinth invasion in the Upper Awash Basin which is considered an important aspect for future water resources planning and management.
Zu viel Eisen – State of the Art: EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines zur Hämochromatose
Authors: Pammer Lorenz , Schäfer Benedikt 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDie European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) hat neue Clinical Practice Guidelines für Hämochromatose veröffentlicht. Hämochromatose ist eine genetische Erkrankung, bei der ein Mangel des eisenregulierenden Hormons Hepcidin zu vermehrtem Eisenexport aus den Zellen und erhöhter intestinaler Eisenaufnahme führt. Dies führt zu erhöhter Transferrinsättigung und der Bildung von toxischem nicht an Transferrin gebundenem Eisen, das Gewebe schädigen kann. Ein wesentliches Update in den Leitlinien ist die überarbeitete Definition, die betont, dass Hämochromatose zwar eine genetische Erkrankung ist, die aber über das Vorhandensein eines klinischen Phänotyps mit erhöhter Transferrinsättigung und einer Lebereisenüberladung definiert wird. Die Prävalenz der Hämochromatose variiert in Mitteleuropa aufgrund der Verteilung von HFE-Genmutationen (p.C282Y, p.H63D). Die Penetranz steigt mit dem Alter, wobei Männer stärker betroffen sind. Bei biochemischen Anzeichen von Eisenüberladung erfordert die Diagnose genetische Tests. Die Therapie beinhaltet regelmäßige Aderlässe, um das Ferritin unter 100 µg/l zu halten. Eine Bewertung von hepatischen und extrahepatischen Manifestationen wird bei allen Hämochromatosepatienten empfohlen, einschließlich Lebersteifigkeitsmessung, Screening auf HCC (hepatozelluläres Karzinom) und Bewertung von Gelenk-, endokrinen, kardialen und sexuellen Dysfunktionen.
Identifying early help referrals for local authorities with machine learning and bias analysis
Authors: Neto Eufrásio de A. Lima , Bailiss Jonathan , Finke Axel , Miller Jo , Cosma Georgina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLocal authorities in England, such as Leicestershire County Council (LCC), provide Early Help services that can be offered at any point in a young person’s life when they experience difficulties that cannot be supported by universal services alone, such as schools. This paper investigates the utilisation of machine learning (ML) to assist experts in identifying families that may need to be referred for Early Help assessment and support. LCC provided an anonymised dataset comprising 14 360 records of young people under the age of 18. The dataset was pre-processed, ML models were developed, and experiments were conducted to validate and test the performance of the models. Bias-mitigation techniques were applied to improve the fairness of these models. During testing, while the models demonstrated the capability to identify young people requiring intervention or early help, they also produced a significant number of false positives, especially when constructed with imbalanced data, incorrectly identifying individuals who most likely did not need an Early Help referral. This paper empirically explores the suitability of data-driven ML models for identifying young people who may require Early Help services and discusses their appropriateness and limitations for this task.
Machine learning insights in predicting heavy metals interaction with biochar
Authors: Wei Xin , Liu Yang , Shen Lin , Lu Zhanhui , Ai Yuejie , Wang Xiangke 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe use of machine learning (ML) in the field of predicting heavy metals interaction with biochar is a promising field of research, mainly because of the growing understanding of how removal efficiency is affected by characteristic variables, reaction conditions and biochar properties. The practical application in biochar still faces large challenges, such as difficulties in data collection, inadequate algorithm development, and insufficient information. However, the quantity, quality, and representation of data have a large impact on the accuracy, efficiency, and generalizability of machine learning tasks. From this perspective, the present data descriptors, the efficiency of machine learning-aided property and performance prediction, the interpretation of underlying mechanisms and complicated relationships, and some potential ways to augment the data are discussed regarding the interactions of heavy metals with biochar. Finally, future perspectives and challenges are discussed, and an enhanced model performance is proposed to reinforce the feasibility of a particular perspective.
Graphical Abstract
A machine learning approach to predict the S&P 500 absolute percent change
Authors: Rodriguez F. S. , Norouzzadeh P. , Anwar Z. , Snir E. , Rahmani B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractModels of the stock market often focus on predicting the direction of the stock market. Instead of following this approach, we created a model to predict the daily absolute percent change of the S&P 500. An accurate model of this metric would greatly increase profitability of option trading strategies such as straddles and iron condors. In this project, novel features were created based on historical data and fed to machine learning algorithms such as Decision Trees, Rule Based Classifiers, K-mean Clusters, and Kernels. Based on our findings, Decision Trees and Kernels showed an accuracy of 80% when predicting absolute percent change, while Rule Based Classifiers had an accuracy of 88%.
Perioperative multimodal analgesia: a review of efficacy and safety of the treatment options
Authors: Kianian Sara , Bansal Jahnvi , Lee Christopher , Zhang Kalissa , Bergese Sergio D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPain in the postoperative period is a common patient experience that can subsequently lead to other postoperative complications if not managed appropriately. While opioids are a common pharmacologic tool for managing pain, there are risks associated with liberal opioid use. Multimodal analgesic strategies, however, can adequately manage postoperative pain and minimize the risks associated with opioids. In this review, common pharmacological treatments for multimodal analgesia will be reviewed for efficacy, risks, and benefits, including gabapentinoids, opioids, alpha-2 agonists, ketamine, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids. While this may not be a comprehensive list of medication options, it represents some of the most commonly used pharmacologic techniques for managing pain in the perioperative period. In addition, newer regional anesthetic techniques will be discussed to review their efficacy, risks, and benefits as well. The goal of this review is to summarize the various options for a multimodal analgesic protocol that we encourage providers to utilize when managing postoperative pain to facilitate conservative opioid usage and improve patient outcomes overall.
Graphical Abstract
Impact of climate variability and environmental policies on vegetation dynamics in the semi-arid Tigray
Authors: Tefera Amare Sisay , Siyum Zenebe Girmay , Berhe Daniel Hagos , Gebru Belay Manjur 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic and climate-related phenomena are among the main factors responsible for variations in vegetation structure and composition worldwide. However, studies that integrate the effects of human activities and climate variability in fragile tropical ecosystems, including the semi-arid Tigray region, are lacking. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of climate variability and environmental policy changes on the spatial distribution and pattern of vegetation cover in the semi-arid Tigray region of Ethiopia over the past four decades. We used satellite-based vegetation index (normalized difference vegetation index) and monthly rainfall data to analyze the relationship between vegetation cover and climatic variability. Residual analysis was also used to further disentangle the effects of climatic variability and environmental policy on vegetation cover. The regression analysis (r2 = 0.19) showed an insignificant causal relationship between vegetation dynamics and precipitation over the 41-years study period. This study also highlighted negative impact of the global rise in temperature on vegetation cover due to water stress caused by evapotranspiration. On the other hand, the residual analysis results (r = − 0.55, z-stat = − 11.58, p < 0.01) indicated a strong relationship between vegetation change and environmental policies implemented within the specified study period. Overall, the study revealed that environmental policies had a greater impact than climate variables on vegetation. Policymakers should, therefore, prioritize implementing effective environmental policies to restore degraded ecosystems and mitigate the effects of climate change.
The dynamics and functional mechanisms of H2B mono-ubiquitination
Authors: Li Yiqing , Ma Tianling , Jiang Jinhua , Hahn Matthias , Yin Yanni 
Published: January 2024

AbstractH2B mono-ubiquitination (ub1) is an important histone modification attaching a ubiquitin moiety to the small histone H2B and changing the biochemical features of the chromatin. The dynamic equilibrium between H2B ub1 and deubiquitination (deub1) has been shown to affect nucleosome stability, nucleosome reassembly and higher chromatin structure. The above changes mediated by H2B ub1 regulate transcription activation and elongation, and play key roles in multiple molecular and biological processes including growth, development, pathogenesis and aging. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge in regulation of H2B ub1/deub1 equilibrium, and how this modification affects chromatin dynamics and gene expressions. We also discuss the roles of H2B ub1/deub1 cycle in plant-pathogen interactions, and point out the questions that remain to be resolved in future studies.
Willingness-to-Pay for Rationed Goods: Bobcat Harvest Permits in Indiana
Authors: Lancaster Nicholas A. , Reeling Carson J. , Lee John G. , Melstrom Richard T. , Caudell Joe N. , Albers Geriann 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe use contingent valuation to estimate hunter and trapper willingness to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical bobcat harvest permit being considered in Indiana. Harvest permits would be rationed, with limits on aggregate and individual harvests. A model of permit demand shows that WTP may be subject to “congestion effects” which attenuate welfare gains from relaxing harvest limits. Intuitively, relaxing limits may directly change an individual’s expected harvest and, hence, WTP. Participation may subsequently change, with congestion offsetting welfare increases. These effects may lead to apparent scope insensitivity that may be endemic in the context of rationed goods.
Improving the Usability of Archaeological Data through Written Guidelines
Authors: Austin Anne , Faniel Ixchel M. , Brannon Brittany , Kansa Sarah Whitcher 
Published: January 2024

AbstractArchaeologists frequently use written guidelines such as site manuals, recording forms, and digital prompts during excavations to create usable data within and across projects. Most written guidelines emphasize creating either standardized datasets or narrative summaries; however, previous research has demonstrated that the resulting datasets are often difficult to (re)use. Our study analyzed observations and interviews conducted with four archaeological excavation teams, as well as interviews with archaeological data reusers, to evaluate how archaeologists use and implement written guidelines. These excavation team and reuser experiences suggest that archaeologists need more specific best practices to create and implement written guidelines that improve the quality and usability of archaeological data. We present recommendations to improve written guidelines that focus on a project's methods, end-of-season documentation, and naming practices. We also present a Written Guidelines Checklist to help project directors improve their written guidelines before, during, and after fieldwork as part of a collaborative process. Ideally, these best practices for written guidelines will make it easier for team members and future reusers to incorporate their own and others’ archaeological data into their research.
Precedential Value of Judicial Decisions in Increasingly Hybridised Civil Law Systems: Chinese Choreographies at the WTO
Authors: Vecellio Segate Riccardo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPursuant to Article 63 of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), a state may require other treaty parties to disclose their intellectual property case law ‘of general application’. While most domestic judgments in common law are indeed of general application, civil law systems theoretically employ judgments as reference only. Nevertheless, to value consistency and predictability, the hybridisation of civil law jurisdictions is increasingly leading them to devise special lists of judgments that acquire formal or factual binding status on lower-ranked courts. This trend is particularly evident in China, whose Supreme People's Court's ‘Guiding Cases’ join other specific categories of holdings within ‘Judicial Interpretations’ and further guideline documents that are factually binding domestically. When the United States and the European Union requested, through the World Trade Organization, that China disclose the full range of its case law of general application, China responded that civil law jurisdictions do not issue judgments that are binding beyond the parties. This article examines the limitations and merits of the Chinese stance.
Genetic Association Studies in Restless Legs Syndrome: Risk Variants & Ethnic Differences
Authors: Tan Brendan Jen-Wei , Pang Xin-Ler , Png Sarah , Zhou Zhi Dong , Tan Eng-King 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT:Background:Genetic association studies have not produced consistent results in restless legs syndrome (RLS).Objectives:To conduct a systematic review on genetic association studies in RLS to highlight the common gene variants and ethnic differences.Methodology:We conducted Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane search using terms “Genetic association studies” and “restless legs syndrome” for candidate gene-based studies. Out of the initial 43 studies, 18 case control studies (from 2012 to 2022) were included. Thirteen studies including 10794 Caucasian subjects (4984 RLS cases and 5810 controls) and five studies involving 2009 Asian subjects (796 RLS cases and 1213 controls) were tabulated and analyzed. In addition, three Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) in Asians and Europeans/Caucasians were included for comparisons.Results:In the Asian population, gene variants in BST1, SNCA Rep1, IL1B, BTBD9, and MAP2K5/SKOR1 increased the risk of RLS (odds ratio range 1.2–2.8). In Caucasian populations, examples of variants that were associated with an increased risk of RLS (odds ratio range 1.1–1.9) include those in GABRR3 TOX3, ADH1B, HMOX1, GLO1, DCDC2C, BTBD9, SKOR1, and SETBP1. Based on the meta-analysis of GWAS studies, the rs9390170 variant in UTRN gene was identified to be a novel genetic marker for RLS in Asian cohorts, whereas rs113851554 in MEIS1 gene was a strong genetic factor among the >20 identified gene variants for RLS in Caucasian populations.Conclusion:Our systemic review demonstrates that multiple genetic variants modulate risk of RLS in Caucasians (such as MEIS1 BTBD9, MAP2K5) and in Asians (such as BTBD9, MAP2K5, and UTRN).
On the history of NPIs and Negative Concord
Authors: Herburger Elena 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article aims to better understand how Negative Polarity Items (NPIs) come into existence and how they change over time. It argues that an expression can become an NPI if its semantics makes it pragmatically useful in negative or downward entailing contexts, often because the meaning leads to pragmatic strength, but sometimes because its semantics leads to pragmatic attenuation. Special attention is given to two patterns involving pragmatic strength that can emerge historically: Negative Concord (NC) and what I call NPI Dualization. Both patterns, I argue, involve a pairing between an NPI that has an existential-like or low scalar semantics with a homophonous but semantically different expression with a freer distribution; the homophone is semantically negative in Negative Concord but semantically universal in NPI Dualization. The article argues that pragmatic strength plays an important role in the history of NPIs, both in their origin and in NPI Dualization, but is not directly relevant for their licensing synchronically. Instead, it argues for a return to the view that NPIs are lexically marked by a semantically meaningless distributional feature that needs to be valued syntactically. On a conceptual level, the article argues that historical shifts may be matters of likelihood.