bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Completion thyroidectomy in patients with thyroid cancer who initially underwent unilateral operation
Authors: Kim Eun Sook , Kim Tae Yong , Koh Jung Min , Kim Young Il , Hong Suck Joon , Kim Won Bae , Shong Young Kee 
Published: June 2004

Summarybackground  In some instances, thyroid cancer may be diagnosed with histological examination after resection of putative or suspected benign nodule. In these cases, completion thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine ablation is usually recommended to prevent recurrence. If small intrathyroidal cancer is found, completion thyroidectomy may not be performed. Many patients have separate cancers in the contralateral lobe and in these cases completion thyroidectomy is essential even though primary tumour is small and limited within thyroid.objective  We analysed the frequency of malignant lesions in the contralateral lobe after completion thyroidectomy and assessed the predictive factors that may anticipate the presence of malignant lesion that may necessitate completion thyroidectomy.patients  Between 1995 and 2001, 243 patients were operated under the cytological diagnosis of follicular neoplasm. A total of 214 of them underwent lobectomy and isthmectomy and 81 turned out to have malignant disease in the resected lobe and they underwent completion thyroidectomy within a week to 6 months after the permanent section diagnosis of cancer. Their mean age was 40·7 ± 12·1 years (range 14–71 years).results  After initial surgery, 53 patients had follicular carcinoma, 24 papillary carcinoma, one Hürthle cell carcinoma, one medullary, one insular and one anaplastic carcinoma. Mean tumour size was 4·1 ± 2·6 cm (range 0·9–11 cm). After completion thyroidectomy, factors predicting the presence of cancer in the contralateral lobe were assessed according to clinical parameters and pathologic findings in ipsilateral lobe. First surgery revealed cancer multifocality in 34 cases, perithyroidal tumour extension in six and regional lymph node metastases in three. After completion thyroidectomy, 29 of the 81 patients revealed additional cancer in the contralateral lobe. Age, sex, size or pathologic type of the primary tumour was not associated with the presence of additional tumour in the contralateral lobe. Cancer multifocality in the ipsilateral lobe was the only significant variable to predict the presence of additional cancer in the contralateral lobe (relative risk = 6·03, confidence interval 2·23–16·35). Coexistence of benign nodule in ipsilateral lobe was not associated with increased cancer risk in the contralateral lobe.conclusions  When diagnosed as thyroid cancer after unilateral surgery, the only predictive factor for the presence of additional contralateral cancer was multifocality of cancer in the ipsilateral lobe. We suggest that completion thyroidectomy is mandatory if multifocal cancers are found in the resected lobe, even though the cancers are very small and limited within the thyroid.
Does iodine‐131 meta‐iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy have an impact on the management of sporadic and familial phaeochromocytoma?
Authors: Taïeb D. , Sebag F. , Hubbard J. G. , Mundler O. , Henry J. F. , Conte‐Devolx B. 
Published: June 2004

Summaryobjectives  To assess the impact of [131I]meta‐iodobenzylguanidine (131MIBG) scintigraphy on the management of phaeochromocytoma.design and patients  Between 1982 and 2002, 83 patients with histologically proven phaeochromocytoma or paraganglioma were investigated using 131MIBG scintigraphy. Seventeen of these patients, with a hereditary form of the disease, presented with 23 phaeochromocytomas [three neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), five von Hippel–Lindau disease (VHL), eight multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) and one type 2B (MEN2B)].results  MIBG uptake was observed in 44/54 sporadic phaeochromocytomas (sensitivity 81·5%), 14/23 familial phaeochromocytomas (60·9%), 3/6 paragangliomas and 4/6 malignant phaeochromocytomas. No significant correlations were found between the degree of tracer uptake, tumour size and urinary metanephrine levels. No patients undergoing surgery for sporadic phaeochromocytoma had a second tumour located. Nine of 54 sporadic phaeochromocytomas had normal or mildly elevated urinary metanephrine levels (< 1·5 greater than normal). In eight of these patients, 131MIBG was positive and confirmed the diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma. In malignant phaeochromocytomas (n = 6), MIBG demonstrated additional lesions not detected with computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in three cases. The MIBG findings in the group with apparently sporadic paragangliomas (n = 6) were negative in four cases and failed to detect a cervical lesion in one multifocal paraganglioma.conclusion  131MIBG was useful in confirming the diagnosis in phaeochromocytomas with low levels of catecholamine secretion. It contributed little to the management of patients when used as a means of screening for multifocality in sporadic phaeochromocytoma, or the management of patients with familial phaeochromocytoma. However, MIBG can be an informative method of investigation when dealing with malignant/ectopic forms, although the sensitivity of MIBG is lower in this group of patients.
Up‐regulation of cytokeratin expression in canine distemper virus‐infected canine footpad epidermis
Authors: GRÖNE ANDREA , DOHERR MARCUS G. , ZURBRIGGEN ANDREAS 
Published: June 2004

Abstract Cytokeratin expression was assessed in footpad epidermis from dogs using immunohistochemistry. Four groups of dogs were studied: dogs with experimentally induced distemper and with canine distemper virus (CDV) in footpad epidermis (group 1,n = 7); dogs with experimentally induced distemper and without CDV in footpad epidermis (group 2,n = 4); inoculated dogs without distemper and without CDV in the footpad epidermis (group 3,n = 8), and noninoculated dogs without distemper (group 4,n = 2). No increase in thickness of the footpad epidermis was present in any of these groups. Sections of metacarpal or metatarsal pads were stained for cytokeratin (CK)14 (proliferation‐associated), CK10 (correlated with early differentiation), and for involucrin (associated with terminal differentiation). CK14 was present in basal keratinocytes of all groups, but staining intensity decreased towards the corneal layer in groups 2–4, but not in group 1. CK10 was present in the spinous and granular layer of all groups, but staining of the granular layer was much stronger in group 1. Involucrin was present in the granular layer of footpads of group 1 and only in the upper part of this layer in groups 2–4. The results demonstrate increased staining intensity and/or wider distribution within the footpad epidermis in group 1 dogs when compared to the other groups. This was interpreted as up‐regulation in expression of these proteins. These findings suggest that presence of CDV antigen and mRNA in footpad epidermis was associated with an increase in expression of CK14, CK10 and involucrin. The potential role of this up‐regulation in cytokeratin expression in the development of CDV‐induced digital hyperkeratosis remains speculative at the moment and requires further studies.
Extraction of Hoechst 33342 from the Cytoplasmic Leaflet of the Plasma Membrane by P‐Glycoprotein
Authors: Shapiro Adam B. , Ling Victor 
Published: June 2004

P‐glycoprotein is an ATP‐dependent plasma membrane multidrug transporter of broad specificity. A common chemical property of its substrates is that all are lipophilic. Using Hoechst 33342 as the substrate, we have previously shown that P‐glycoprotein extracts the substrate directly from the lipid bilayer [Shapiro, A. B., Corder, A. B. & Ling, V. (1997) Eur. J. Biochem. 250, 115–121]. In this paper, we determined the leaflet of the plasma membrane from which P‐glycoprotein extracts Hoechst 33342.The initial rate of Hoechst 33342 transport upon ATP addition to P‐glycoprotein‐rich inside‐out plasma membrane vesicles decreased slightly with the amount of time previously elapsed for slow diffusion of Hoechst 33342 to the extracellular leaflet. This result is consistent with transport from the cytoplasmic leaflet. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer from donor Hoechst 33342 to acceptor 2‐[6‐(7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐4‐yl)amino]hexanoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (Nbd‐C6‐HPC) in the cytoplasmic leaflet was used to monitor the amount of Hoechst 33342 in the cytoplasmic leaflet versus time. The initial rate of decrease of the energy‐transfer‐related Nbd‐C6‐HPC fluorescence after ATP addition exceeded that of the Hoechst 33342 fluorescence and continued to decrease after decrease of the Hoechst 33342 fluorescence had ceased. These effects were consistent with transport of Hoechst 33342 from the cytoplasmic leaflet to the aqueous interior of the vesicles, followed by rebinding to the extracellular leaflet. This demonstrates that P‐glycoprotein transports drugs from the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane directly to the aqueous extracellular medium. This finding has implications for efforts to localize the drug‐binding site(s) within P‐glycoprotein.
Further Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Methylmalonyl‐CoA Mutase by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies
Authors: Abend Andreas , Illich Valentin , Rétey Jànos 
Published: June 2004

Novel analogues of methylmalonyl‐CoA and succinyl‐CoA have been prepared and used for mechanistic investigations on the coenzyme‐B12‐dependent methylmalonyl‐CoA mutase. 1‐Carboxyethyl‐CoA (1) and 2‐carboxyethyl‐CoA (2) as well as their sulphoxides (3 and 4) were moderately good inhibitors with Ki values 4–20 times higher than the Km for succinyl‐CoA. 2‐Carboxyethyl‐CoA (2) and its sulphoxide 4 induced EPR signals when bound to the enzyme–coenzyme‐B12 complex. The EPR spectrum of 2 and its sulphoxide 4 differed very much from those induced by the other substrates. In the case of 2 the EPR spectrum of the holoenzyme/inhibitor complex showed the presence of an organic radical coupled to cobal(II)amin. The same experiment with 4 leads to the formation of enzyme‐bound cobal(II)amin with no detectable organic radical. The analogues 1 and 3 exhibited higher Ki values and did not induce EPR signals binding to the enzyme‐coenzyme‐B12 complex.Formyl‐CoA and acrylate inhibited the enzyme synergistically but were unable to induce EPR signals and to form the product. Ethylmalonyl‐CoA, known as a poor substrate, induced a similar but less intense EPR signal than the natural substrate methylmalonyl‐CoA. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanism of the methylmalonyl‐CoA mutase reaction.
Metabolic Processing of Gangliosides by Human Fibroblasts in Culture — Formation and Recycling of Separate Pools of Sphingosine
Authors: Chigorno Vanna , Riva Carmen , Valsecchi Manuela , Nicolini Marco , Brocca Paola , Sonnino Sandra 
Published: June 2004

Human cultured fibroblasts were fed with GM3 ganglioside species isotopically labeled at C3 of C18‐sphingosine, or at C3 of C18‐sphinganine, or at the sialic acid acetyl group, and with C18‐sphingosine and C18‐sphinganine, both labeled at Cl. After a lipid pulse the cells were subjected until 7‐day chase; measurements were then made of the radioactive products resulting from the administered long‐chain base and ganglioside species catabolism and the salvage processes of catabolic fragments. From the data we drew the following conclusions.The GM3 species differing in the long‐chain base structure were taken up by the cells and metabolized. About 80% of the total catabolic C18‐sphingosine and C18‐sphinganine were recycled for the biosynthesis of complex sphingolipids, the rest being degraded.Results obtained by administering ganglioside species of GM3 containing radioactive sphingosine or the free radioactive sphingosine to fibroblasts suggested the existence in the cells of two quite separate pools of sphingosine. One pool was the direct result of either the catabolism of radioactive GM3 highdensity microdomains or the diffusion of exogenous sphingosine into the cell; this pool was mainly used for the biosynthesis of the GD3 species that contain palmitic and stearic acids. The other pool of sphingosine, the cell basal pool, came from the catabolism of radioactive sphingolipids in the recycling of sphingosine, and was used for the biosynthesis of the GD3 species that mainly contain very long fatty acid chains, the main fibroblast endogenous species of GD3. Administration of the ganglioside species of GM3 containing sphinganine or free sphinganine to fibroblasts yielded the GD3 species containing mainly very long‐chain fatty acids and sphingosine.These results show the possible existence of a pool of ganglioside‐derived sphingosine, quite separate from the cell basal pool of sphingosine, suggesting that sphingosine derived from sphingolipid catabolism is reduced to sphinganine before entering the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Mutation Spectra and Resistance to Quinolones in
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Enteritidis with a Mutator Phenotype
Authors: Levy Dan D. , Sharma Bhavana , Cebula Thomas A. 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACT

Resistance to quinolone antibiotics has been associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of
gyrA
. Mutations in the
gyrA
gene were compared by using mutant populations derived from wild-type
Salmonella enterica
serovar Enteritidis and its isogenic
mutS
::Tn
10
mutator counterpart. Spontaneous mutants arising during nonselective growth were isolated by selection with either nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin, or ciprofloxacin. QRDR SNPs were identified in approximately 70% (512 of 695) of the isolates via colony hybridization with radiolabeled oligonucleotide probes. Notably, transition base substitution SNPs in the QRDR were dramatically increased in mutants derived from the
mutS
strain. Some, but not all, antibiotic-resistant mutants lacking QRDR SNPs were resistant to tetracycline and chloramphenicol, consistent with alterations in nonspecific efflux pumps or other membrane transport mechanisms. Changing the selection conditions shifted the mutation spectrum. Selection with ciprofloxacin was least likely to yield a mutant harboring either a QRDR SNP or chloramphenicol resistance. Selection with enrofloxacin was more likely to yield mutants containing Ser83→Phe mutations, whereas selection with ciprofloxacin or nalidixic acid favored recovery of Asp87→Gly mutants. Fluoroquinolone-resistant
Salmonella
strains isolated from veterinary or clinical settings frequently display a mutational spectrum with a preponderance of transition SNPs in the QRDR, the pattern found in vitro among
mutS
mutator mutants reported here. Both the preponderance of transition mutations and the varied mutation spectra reported for veterinary and clinical isolates suggest that bacterial mutators defective in methyl-directed mismatch repair may play a role in the emergence of quinolone and fluoroquinolone resistance in feral settings.
Cloning of
S
-Adenosyl-
l
-Methionine:C-24-Δ-Sterol-Methyltransferase (ERG6) from
Leishmania donovani
and Characterization of mRNAs in Wild-Type and Amphotericin B-Resistant Promastigotes
Authors: Pourshafie Mohammad , Morand Stanislas , Virion Alain , Rakotomanga Michaelle , Dupuy Corinne , Loiseau Philippe M. 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACT

The 24-alkylated sterols have been shown previously to be absent in membranes of amphotericin B (AmB)-resistant
Leishmania donovani
promastigotes, suggesting that the
S
- adenosyl-
l
-methionine:C-24-Δ-sterol-methyltransferase (SCMT or ERG6) was not functional or not expressed in AmB-resistant (AmB-R) parasites. From an
L. donovani
wild-type clone, we cloned two cDNAs with an identical open reading frame encoding a putative SCMT, the enzyme responsible for a first sterol methylation at the C-24 position. The two cDNAs differed by their 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) and 5′-UTR sequences. One transcript (A) had a normal structure with a spliced leader and was highly expressed in normal cells but absent in AmB-R cells. The other (B), which did not possess the spliced leader sequence, was weakly expressed in normal cells but strongly expressed in AmB-R cells. As a functional test, ERG6 null mutant
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
yeasts were transformed using the pYES2.1 TOPO TA expression vector containing the candidate
SCMT1/ERG6
coding sequence cloned from
L. donovani
. The transformed yeasts exhibited C-24 alkylated sterol expression, mainly ergosterol, within their membranes, proving that the isolated cDNA encodes on a SCMT responsible for sterol methylation. In AmB-R
L. donovani
promastigotes, the absence of the normal transcript (A) and the expression of an abnormal species (B) devoid of a spliced leader could explain the absence of sterol methylation in these cells. Further studies using a homologous system will allow us to draw conclusions about the relationship between SCMT expression and AmB resistance in
Leishmania
.
RamA Is an Alternate Activator of the Multidrug Resistance Cascade in
Enterobacter aerogenes
Authors: Chollet Renaud , Chevalier Jacqueline , Bollet Claude , Pages Jean-Marie , Davin-Regli Anne 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACT

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in
Enterobacter aerogenes
can be mediated by induction of MarA, which is triggered by certain antibiotics and phenolic compounds. In this study, we identified the gene encoding RamA, a 113-amino-acid regulatory protein belonging to the AraC-XylS transcriptional activator family, in the
Enterobacter aerogenes
ATCC 13048 type strain and in a clinical multiresistant isolate. Overexpression of RamA induced an MDR phenotype in drug-susceptible
Escherichia coli
JM109 and
E. aerogenes
ATCC 13048, as demonstrated by 2- to 16-fold-increased resistance to β-lactams, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and quinolones, a decrease in porin production, and increased production of AcrA, a component of the AcrAB-TolC drug efflux pump. We show that RamA enhances the transcription of the
marRAB
operon but is also able to induce an MDR phenotype in a
mar
-deleted strain. We demonstrate here that RamA is a transcriptional activator of the Mar regulon and is also a self-governing activator of the MDR cascade.
Efficacy of Organic Acids in Hand Cleansers for Prevention of Rhinovirus Infections
Authors: Turner Ronald B. , Biedermann Kim A. , Morgan Jeffery M. , Keswick Bruce , Ertel Keith D. , Barker Mark F. 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACT

Direct hand-to-hand contact is an important mechanism of transmission of rhinovirus infection. The rhinoviruses are inactivated at a low pH. A survey of organic acids in vitro revealed that these compounds have antirhinoviral activity that persists for at least 3 h after application to the skin. In additional studies of salicylic acid (SA) and pyroglutamic acid (PGA), the hands of volunteers were contaminated with rhinovirus at defined times after application of the acid, and then volunteers attempted to inoculate the nasal mucosa with one hand and quantitative viral cultures were done on the other hand. In one study, 3.5% SA or 1% SA with 3.5% PGA was compared with controls 15 min after application to assess the efficacy of the inactivation of virus and prevention of infection. Virus was recovered from the hands of 28 out of 31 (90%) of the volunteers in the control group compared to 4 out of 27 (15%) and 0 out of 27 in the groups administered 3.5 and 1% SA, respectively (
P
< 0.05). Rhinovirus infection occurred in 10 out of 31 (32%) of the controls and 2 out of 27 (7%) of volunteers in both treatment groups (
P
< 0.05 compared with control). In a second study, the efficacy of 4% PGA was evaluated 15 min, 1 h, and 3 h after application. Significantly fewer volunteers had positive hand cultures at all time points compared with the control group, but the proportion that developed rhinovirus infection was not significantly reduced. These results suggest the feasibility of the prevention of rhinovirus transmission by hand treatments that are virucidal on contact and have activity that persists after application.
Lysostaphin-Coated Catheters Eradicate
Staphylococccus aureus
Challenge and Block Surface Colonization
Authors: Shah Anjali , Mond James , Walsh Scott 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACT

Lysostaphin is an endopeptidase that kills
Staphylococcus aureus
, a predominant organism in catheter-related infections. Lysostaphin-coated catheters prevented catheter colonization by several strains of
S. aureus
, and activity was maintained for at least 4 days. Prophylactic use of lysostaphin in catheters may help prevent the occurrence of catheter-related staphylococcal infections.
In Vitro Interactions of Approved and Novel Drugs against
Paecilomyces
spp
Authors: Ortoneda Montserrat , Capilla Javier , Pastor F. Javier , Pujol Isabel , Yustes Clara , Serena Carolina , Guarro Josep 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACT

We have evaluated the in vitro activity of 15 combinations of antifungal drugs (amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, albaconazole, ravuconazole, terbinafine, and micafungin) against four isolates of
Paecilomyces variotii
and three of
P. lilacinus
. The interaction of terbinafine with the four azoles was synergistic for 53% of the combinations, while the interactions of both amphotericin B and micafungin with the rest of antifungal agents were mainly indifferent.
Dihydroethanoanthracene Derivatives as In Vitro Malarial Chloroquine Resistance Reversal Agents
Authors: Millet Julie , Torrentino-Madamet Marylin , Alibert Sandrine , Rogier Christophe , Santelli-Rouvier Christiane , Mosnier Joel , Baret Eric , Barbe Jacques , Parzy Daniel , Pradines Bruno 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACT

The ability of four 9,10-dihydroethanoanthracene derivatives (BG920, BG932, BG958, and BG996), as well as verapamil and promethazine, to reverse chloroquine resistance was assessed against 24 chloroquine-resistant and 10 chloroquine-susceptible strains of
Plasmodium falciparum
from different countries. The 9,10-dihydroethanoanthracene derivatives clearly increase chloroquine susceptibility only in chloroquine-resistant isolates.
Rhesus Cytomegalovirus Is Similar to Human Cytomegalovirus in Susceptibility to Βenzimidazole Nucleosides
Authors: North Thomas W. , Sequar Getachew , Townsend Leroy B. , Drach John C. , Barry Peter A. 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACT

Rhesus and human cytomegalovirus (RhCMV and HCMV, respectively) exhibit comparable inhibition by benzimidazole nucleosides, including 2,5,6-trichloro-(1-β-
d
-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole (TCRB), and pyrrolo[2,3-
d
]pyrimidines. The two HCMV protein targets of TCRB, UL89 and UL56, are highly conserved with their RhCMV homologues. These data indicate that infection of rhesus macaques with RhCMV represents a useful model to test novel anti-HCMV drugs.
Enhancement of the Enterocin CRL35 Activity by a Synthetic Peptide Derived from the NH
2
-Terminal Sequence
Authors: Saavedra Lucila , Minahk Carlos , de Ruiz Holgado Aída P. , Sesma Fernando 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACT

The enterocin CRL35 biosynthetic gene cluster was cloned and sequenced. The sequence was revealed to be highly identical to that of the mundticin KS gene cluster (S. Kawamoto, J. Shima, R. Sato, T. Eguchi, S. Ohmomo, J. Shibato, N. Horikoshi, K. Takeshita, and T. Sameshima, Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
68:
3830-3840, 2002). Short synthetic peptides were designed based on the bacteriocin sequence and were evaluated in antimicrobial competitive assays. The peptide KYYGNGVSCNKKGCS produced an enhancement of enterocin CRL35 antimicrobial activity in a buffer system.