bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The orbital period, black hole mass, and distance to the X-ray transient GRS 1716-249 ( =N Oph 93)
Authors: Casares J , Yanes-Rizo I V , Torres M A P , Abbott T M C , Armas Padilla M , Charles P A , Cúneo V A , Muñoz-Darias T , Jonker P G , Maguire K 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We present evidence for a 0.278(8) d ( =6.7 h) orbital period in the X-ray transient GRS 1716-249 (=N Oph 93), based on a superhump modulation detected during the 1995 mini-outburst plus ellipsoidal variability in quiescence. With a quiescent magnitude of r = 23.19 ± 0.15 N Oph 93 is too faint to warrant a full dynamical study through dedicated time-resolved spectroscopy. Instead, we apply the FWHM–K2 correlation to the disc H α emission line detected in Gran Telescopio Canarias spectra and obtain K2 = 521 ± 52 km s−1. This leads to a mass function f(M) = 4.1 ± 1.2 M⊙, thus indicating the presence of a black hole in this historic X-ray transient. Furthermore, from the depth of the H α trough and the quiescent light curve we constrain the binary inclination to i = 61 ± 15°, while the detection of superhumps sets an upper limit to the donor to compact star mass ratio q = M2/M1 ≲ 0.25. Our de-reddened (r − i) colour is consistent with a ≈ K6 main sequence star that fills its Roche lobe in a 0.278 d orbit. Using all this information we derive a compact object mass $M_{1}=6.4^{+3.2}_{-2.0}$ M⊙ at 68 per cent confidence. We also constrain the distance to GRS 1716-249 to 6.9 ± 1.1 kpc, placing the binary ∼0.8 kpc above the Galactic Plane, in support of a large natal kick.
Not-so-fast Kepler-1513: a perturbing planetary interloper in the exomoon corridor
Authors: Yahalomi Daniel A , Kipping David , Nesvorný David , Dalba Paul A , Benni Paul , Cacho-Negrete Ceiligh , Collins Karen , Earwicker Joel T , Lewis John Arban , McLeod Kim K , Schwarz Richard P , Wang Gavin 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Transit timing variations (TTVs) can be induced by a range of physical phenomena, including planet–planet interactions, planet–moon interactions, and stellar activity. Recent work has shown that roughly half of moons would induce fast TTVs with a short period in the range of 2–4 orbits of its host planet around the star. An investigation of the Kepler TTV data in this period range identified one primary target of interest, Kepler-1513 b. Kepler-1513 b is a $8.05^{+0.58}_{-0.40}$ R⊕ planet orbiting a late G-type dwarf at $0.53^{+0.04}_{-0.03}$ au. Using Kepler photometry, this initial analysis showed that Kepler-1513 b’s TTVs were consistent with a moon. Here, we report photometric observations of two additional transits nearly a decade after the last Kepler transit using both ground-based observations and space-based photometry with TESS. These new transit observations introduce a previously undetected long period TTV, in addition to the original short period TTV signal. Using the complete transit data set, we investigate whether a non-transiting planet, a moon, or stellar activity could induce the observed TTVs. We find that only a non-transiting perturbing planet can reproduce the observed TTVs. We additionally perform transit origami on the Kepler photometry, which independently applies pressure against a moon hypothesis. Specifically, we find that Kepler-1513 b’s TTVs are consistent with an exterior non-transiting ∼Saturn mass planet, Kepler-1513 c, on a wide orbit, $\sim 5~{{\ \rm per \, cent}}$ outside a 5:1 period ratio with Kepler-1513 b. This example introduces a previously unidentified cause for planetary interlopers in the exomoon corridor, namely an insufficient baseline of observations.
Submillimetre galaxies as laboratories for dust grain coagulation
Authors: Hirashita Hiroyuki , Chen Chian-Chou 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Coagulation in the dense interstellar medium (ISM) is an important process that determines the size of the largest grains. We use submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) as laboratories of grain coagulation, since some of them host the densest ISM on a galactic scale among various populations of galaxies known. We examine how large the grains can be in such dense environments based on the mean ISM density estimated from the observed typical dust mass density in SMGs. We also consider local density enhancement based on a model of supersonic turbulence, which is expected from strong stellar feedback. In the unlimited coagulation model, in which we do not impose any coagulation threshold velocity, grains as large as $\sim 30~\rm{\mu m}$ can form under the observationally estimated mean gas density if the Mach number of turbulence is $\mathcal {M}\gtrsim 3$. We exclude this possibility since the observed emissivity index β ≃ 2 in the far-infrared (FIR) indicates that such large grains cannot actively form in SMGs. This means that coagulation does not proceed in an unlimited way: 30-$\rm{\mu m}$ grains should have velocities larger than the coagulation threshold. If we use a coagulation threshold (upper limit) grain velocity (∼0.08 km s−1) taken from a theoretical study, grains likely grow only up to $\rm{\mu m}$ size, which is small enough not to affect the FIR emissivity index. The above results indicate that SMGs can be used to constrain the physical processes relevant to coagulation.
Energy Demand Unawareness and the Popularity of Bitcoin: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Platt Moritz , Ojeka Stephen , Drăgnoiu Andreea-Elena , Ibelegbu Oserere Ejemen , Pierangeli Francesco , Sedlmeir Johannes , Wang Zixin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Decentralized cryptocurrency networks, notably those with high energy demand, have faced significant criticism and subsequent regulatory scrutiny. Despite these concerns, policy interventions targeting cryptocurrency operations in the pursuit of sustainability have largely been ineffective. Some were abandoned for fear of jeopardizing innovation, whereas others failed due to the highly globalized nature of blockchain systems. In search of a more effective angle for energy policy measures, this study adopts a consumer-centric perspective, examining the sentiments of Nigerian cryptocurrency users ($n=158$) toward Bitcoin’s sustainability, a representative cryptocurrency known for its high electricity demand. Three main findings emerged: 1) Even among those self-identifying as highly knowledgeable, most considerably underestimated Bitcoin’s electricity consumption. 2) Participants with a more accurate understanding of Bitcoin’s energy demand were more inclined to support sustainability measures. 3) Most of this supportive cohort viewed private entities as the primary stakeholders for implementing such measures. Given these findings, we suggest that consumer education should be at the forefront of policy initiatives aimed at cryptocurrency sustainability.
How to Explain the Importance of Persons
Authors: Register Christopher 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We commonly explain the distinctive prudential and moral status of persons in terms of our mental capacities. I draw from recent work to argue that the common explanation is incomplete. I then develop a new explanation: We are ethically important because we are the object of a pattern of self-concern. I argue that the view solves moral problems posed by permissive ontologies, such as the recent personite problem.
Paying attention to astronomical transients: introducing the time-series transformer for photometric classification
Authors: Allam Tarek , McEwen Jason D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Future surveys such as the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory will observe an order of magnitude more astrophysical transient events than any previous survey before. With this deluge of photometric data, it will be impossible for all such events to be classified by humans alone. Recent efforts have sought to leverage machine learning methods to tackle the challenge of astronomical transient classification, with ever improving success. Transformers are a recently developed deep learning architecture, first proposed for natural language processing, that have shown a great deal of recent success. In this work, we develop a new transformer architecture, which uses multihead self-attention at its core, for general multivariate time-series data. Furthermore, the proposed time-series transformer architecture supports the inclusion of an arbitrary number of additional features, while also offering interpretability. We apply the time-series transformer to the task of photometric classification, minimizing the reliance of expert domain knowledge for feature selection, while achieving results comparable with state-of-the-art photometric classification methods. We achieve a logarithmic-loss of 0.507 on imbalanced data in a representative setting using data from the Photometric LSST Astronomical Time-Series Classification Challenge. Moreover, we achieve a micro-averaged receiver-operating-characteristic area under curve of 0.98 and micro-averaged precision–recall area under curve of 0.87.
Correlation between B-cell epitope profile and clinical features of anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis
Authors: Yamaguchi Koichi , Poland Paul , Bijoy George Tissa , Saygin Didem , Moghadam-Kia Siamak , Aggarwal Rohit , Oddis Chester V , Zhu Lei , Ascherman Dana P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody-positive (MDA5+) dermatomyositis patients exhibit a variety of clinical features. We therefore investigated whether patterns of B-cell epitope recognition are linked to the clinical course of MDA5+ dermatomyositis.

Methods
Our cross-sectional study used ELISA-based methods to determine the relationship between antibody recognition of overlapping 155 amino acid MDA5 subfragments and clinical features of 24 MDA5+ myositis patients. Correlations between clinical features and standardized anti-MDA5 subfragment antibody titres were assessed via Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients.

Results
Twenty-four MDA5+ patients submitted serum samples within a median of 0 (interquartile range, 0–74) days from the initial clinic visit. In addition to typical dermatomyositis rashes, these patients exhibited muscle symptoms (n = 11), vascular dysfunction (n = 9) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) (n = 16). Female patients exhibited higher titres of antibodies recognizing fragment H (aa 905–1026) compared with male patients. Muscle involvement was associated with higher levels of anti-fragment F (aa 646–801) antibody. Conversely, patients with vascular abnormalities had higher anti-fragment B (aa 130–284) and E (aa 517–671) antibody titres than those without vascular dysfunction. Four patients died due to ILD progression and showed higher anti-fragment A (aa 1–155) antibody titres than the other 20 patients. Differences in the ratio of anti-fragment to anti-full-length MDA5 antibody titres were found for sex (H: anti-MDA5) and vascular dysfunction (anti-fragment B, E: anti-MDA5).

Conclusions
Various clinical features of MDA5+ dermatomyositis correlated with levels of antibodies targeting selected subfragments of this autoantigen, providing a link between fragment-specific immune responses and disease course.
Opportunity or Exploitation? A Longitudinal Dyadic Analysis of Flexible Working Arrangements and Gender Household Labor Inequality
Authors: Wang Senhu , Cheng Cheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It has been extensively debated over whether the rise of flexible working arrangements (FWAs) may be an “opportunity” for a more egalitarian gender division of household labor or reinforce the “exploitation” of women in the traditional gender division. Drawing on a linked-lives perspective, this study contributes to the literature by using longitudinal couple-level dyadic data in the UK (2010–2020) to examine how couple-level arrangements of flexible working affect within-couple inequality in time and different types of household labor. The results show that among heterosexual couples, women’s use of FWAs significantly intensifies their disproportionate share of housework and maintains their heavy childcare burden regardless of whether their husbands use FWAs. In contrast, men’s use of FWAs does not change the unequal gendered division of housework and childcare, even when their wives do not use any FWAs. These patterns of intensified gender inequalities are more pronounced in routine housework tasks (e.g., cooking, washing, and cleaning), and among the reduced hours and teleworking arrangements. Overall, rather than providing an “opportunity” for a more egalitarian division of household labor, the use of FWAs maintains or even exacerbates the “exploitation” of women under the existing traditional gender norms.
Role of CdTe quantum dots on peripheral Immunocytes and selenoprotein P: immunotoxicity at the molecular and cellular levels
Authors: Ma Nana , Lu Yudie , Wang Jing , Liang Xueyou , Dong Sijun , Zhao Lining 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The extensive product and application of cadmium-quantum dots (Cd-QDs), one kind of semiconductor nanomaterials, lead to prolonged exposure to the environment. Cd-QDs have shown good properties in biomedical and imaging-related fields; the safety of Cd-QDs limits the application of these materials and technologies, however. The systematic distribution of CdTe QDs in organisms has been ascertained in previous studies. Nevertheless, it is relatively less reported about the toxicity of CdTe QDs to immune macromolecules and organs. Based on this, immunocytes (including lymphocyte subsets-CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, splenocytes) and selenoprotein P (SelP) were chosen as targets for CdTe QDs immunotoxicity studies. Results indicate that CdTe QDs induced cytotoxicity to CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and splenocytes by reducing cell viability and causing apoptosis as CdTe QDs and Cd2+ enter cells. At the molecular level, the direct interaction between CdTe QDs and SelP is proved by multispectral measurements, which demonstrated the alteration of protein structure. The combined results show that CdTe QDs induced adverse effects on the immune system at the cellular and molecular levels. This research contributes to a better understanding of CdTe QDs cause harmful damage to the immune system and provides new strategies for the inhibition and treatment of health damages caused by CdTe QDs.
The xerophilic genera Xerobiotus and Pseudohexapodibius (Macrobiotidae; Tardigrada): biodiversity, biogeography and phylogeny
Authors: Vincenzi Joel , Cesari Michele , Kaczmarek Łukasz , Roszkowska Milena , Mioduchowska Monika , Rebecchi Lorena , Kiosya Yevgen , Guidetti Roberto 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The genera Xerobiotus and Pseudohexapodibius are xerophilic and characterized by reduced appendages and claws as adaptations to move between small interstices. To increase the knowledge of their biodiversity, biogeography and phylogeny, several specimens from European countries and Australia were analysed using an integrative approach, i.e. morphological, karyological and molecular studies (18S, 28S, cox1, cytb and ITS2). The phylogenetic position of Xerobiotus with respect to the three evolutionary lineages of Macrobiotus remains unchanged with respect to what was previously identified in the phylogeny of Macrobiotidae. The following new Xerobiotus species are described: Xerobiotus litus sp. nov., Xerobiotus arenosum sp. nov. and Xerobiotus reductus sp. nov. It is proposed that Macrobiotus naginae should be transferred to Xerobiotus (Xerobiotus naginae comb. nov.). Pseudohexapodibius degenerans clusters within Xerobiotus and shares morphological and genetic characters with this genus. Some discrepancies between genetic and phenotypic data are found among the analysed species. Even between the results obtained with analysed genes disagreements are found, with cox1 and cytb generally agreeing with phenotypic results more than ITS2. Genotypic and phenotypic data are useful tools for species identification, but they have to be evaluated critically to obtain reliable results.
Addressing Moral Distress After Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization: A Professional Virtues-Based Approach
Authors: Chen Rebecca , Gordon Mollie , Chervenak Frank , Coverdale John 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe June 2022 U.S. Supreme Court decision inDobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organizationabolished federal protections for reproductive choice. In states where subsequent legislation has restricted or banned access to abortion services, physicians and trainees are prevented from providing ethically justified evidence-based care when patients with previable pregnancies are seeking an abortion. Pregnant patients’ vulnerabilities, stress, and the undue burden that they experience when prevented from acting in accordance with their reproductive decision-making can evoke negative emotional consequences, including moral distress in clinicians. Moral distress occurs when clinicians feel a moral compulsion to act a certain way but cannot do so because of external constraints, including being hindered by state laws that curtail practicing in line with professional standards on reproductive health care. Moral distress has the potential to subvert prudent clinical judgment. The authors provide recommendations for managing moral distress in these circumstances based on the professional virtues. The fundamental professional virtues of integrity, compassion, self-effacement, self-sacrifice, and humility inform the management of moral distress and how to respond thoughtfully and compassionately, without over-identification or indifference to the plight of patients denied abortions. The authors also discuss the role of academic leaders and medical educators in cultivating a virtue-based professional culture at the forefront of clinical and educational processes in a post-Dobbsworld.
Age-Specific Probability of 4 Major Health Outcomes in Children with Spina Bifida
Authors: Gilbertson Kendra E. , Liu Tiebin , Wiener John S. , Walker William O. , Smith Kathryn , Castillo Jonathan , Castillo Heidi , Wilson Pamela , Peterson Paula , Clayton Gerald H. , Valdez Rodolfo 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
This study aimed to estimate the age-specific probability of 4 health outcomes in a large registry of individuals with spina bifida (SB).

Methods:
The association between age and 4 health outcomes was examined in individuals with myelomeningocele (MMC, n = 5627) and non-myelomeningocele (NMMC, n = 1442) from the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry. Sixteen age categories were created, 1 for each year between the ages of 5 and 19 years and 1 for those aged 20 years or older. Generalized linear models were used to calculate the adjusted probability and 95% prediction intervals of each outcome for each age category, adjusting for sex and race/ethnicity.

Results:
For the MMC and NMMC groups, the adjusted coefficients for the correlation between age and the probability of each outcome were −0.933 and −0.657 for bladder incontinence, −0.922 and −0.773 for bowel incontinence, 0.942 and 0.382 for skin breakdown, and 0.809 and 0.619 for lack of ambulation, respectively.

Conclusion:
In individuals with SB, age is inversely associated with the probability of bladder and bowel incontinence and directly associated with the probability of skin breakdown and lack of ambulation. The estimated age-specific probabilities of each outcome can help SB clinicians estimate the expected proportion of patients with the outcome at specific ages and explain the probability of the occurrence of these outcomes to patients and their families.
Danggui Niantong decoction ameliorates joint inflammation and cardiopulmonary injury in TNF-Tg mice
Authors: Yang Can , Chen Tao , Ma Mengjiao , Li Qiang , Liang Zhichao , Xu Hao , Wang Youhua , Li Ning , Liang Qianqian 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by multiple joint lesions and systemic complications. Danggui Niantong decoction (DGNTT) has been clinically used for RA treatment; however, its beneficial effect on cardiopulmonary complications has not been reported.

Methods:
Female tumor necrosis factor-transgenic (TNF-Tg) mice were used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of DGNTT on arthritis and cardiopulmonary complications. Methotrexate (MTX) served as a positive control. Histopathological assessment of the joint sections was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Alcian Blue/Orange G, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Bone mass was assessed by micro-computed tomography, inflammatory infiltrates in the heart and lungs were evaluated by HE staining, cardiopulmonary fibrotic injury was identified by Masson’s trichrome staining, and hypertrophy of mouse cardiomyocytes was measured by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining.

Results:
DGNTT mitigated the inflammation of the ankle joint synovium, decreased the number of osteoclasts, and increased the area of cartilage and bone mass in TNF-Tg mice. In addition, DGNTT decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung and heart tissues, accompanied by a reduction in cardiopulmonary fibrosis and myocardial cell hypertrophy in TNF-Tg mice. As a positive control drug, MTX attenuated the pathological changes in joints, but had no beneficial effect on cardiopulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in TNF-Tg mice.

Conclusions:
DGNTT improved joint lesions and alleviated cardiopulmonary complications in TNF-Tg mice.
Definitions for Keratoconus Progression and Their Impact on Clinical Practice
Authors: Koppen Carina , Jiménez-García Marta , Kreps Elke O. , Ní Dhubhghaill Sorcha , Rozema Jos J. ,   on behalf of The REDCAKE Study Group
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
There is currently no consensus on which keratoconus need cross-linking nor on how to establish progression. This study assessed the performance of diverse progression criteria and compared them with our clinical knowledge of keratoconus evolution.

Methods:
This was a retrospective, longitudinal, observational study. Habitual progression criteria, based on (combinations of) keratometry (KMAX), front astigmatism (AF), pachymetry (PMIN), or ABCD progression display, from 906 keratoconus patients were analyzed. For each criterion and cutoff, we calculated %eyes flagged progressive at some point (RPROG), individual consistency CIND (%examinations after progression detection still considered progressive), and population consistency CPOP (% eyes with CIND >66%). Finally, other monotonic and consistent variables, such as front steep keratometry (K2F), mean radius of the back surface (RmB), and the like, were evaluated for the overall sample and subgroups.

Results:
Using a single criterion (e.g., ∆KMAX >1D) led to high values of RPROG. When combining two, (KMAX and AF) led to worse CPOP and higher variability than (KMAX and PMIN); alternative criteria such as (K2F and RmB) obtained the best CPOP and the lowest variability (P<0.0001). ABC, as defined by its authors, obtained RPROG of 74.2%. Using wider 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and requiring two parameters over 95CI reduced RPROG to 27.9%.

Conclusion:
Previous clinical studies suggest that 20% to 30% of keratoconus cases are progressive. This clinical RPROG value should be considered when defining KC progression to avoid overtreatment. Using combinations of variables or wider margins for ABC brings RPROG closer to these clinical observations while obtaining better population consistency than current definitions.