bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
En bloc kidney transplantation from pediatric donors to teenage recipients: Two case reports
Authors: Yagisawa Takafumi , Kanzawa Taichi , Hirai Toshihito , Unagami Kohei , Shirai Yoko , Ishizuka Kiyonobu , Miura Kenichiro , Hattori Motoshi , Ishida Hideki , Takagi Toshio 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionSince the implementation of the new selection criteria in 2018, kidney donations from pediatric patients have been prioritized for pediatric recipients and kidney donations from pediatric donors have increased in Japan. Herein, we present two cases of en bloc kidney transplantation.Case presentationCase 1: A 19‐year‐old male patient who had been on hemodialysis for 5 years due to end‐stage renal disease. After brain death, a graft from a 5‐year‐old boy was transplanted into the right iliac fossa. Case 2: A 19‐year‐old male patient, who had previously undergone a living kidney transplantation at the age of 3, received a secondary cadaveric kidney transplantation in the left iliac fossa. The graft was procured from a 17‐month‐old girl following cardiac death.ConclusionThis report will help surgeons perform en bloc kidney transplantation in the growing number of pediatric kidney donations, such as those in Japan.
An efficient wavelet thresholding strategy and robust shrinkage approach for de‐noising ECG signal
Authors: Ahmed Anas Fouad 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces an efficient wavelet thresholding strategy and robust shrinkage approach (WTS) for de‐noising the ECG signals. The optimal mother wavelet for de‐noising the ECG signal is automatically selected based on cross‐correlation and energy‐to‐entropy indices. A dynamic threshold is applied to various levels of decomposition to eliminate different types of noise. A shrinkage approach is suggested to attain seamless on–off transitions. The achievement of the WTS is compared with the state of the art reported in the literature using 180 real ECG signals collected from 60 volunteers. The ECG signals were recorded using three standard ECG machines without applying the filtering option to provide a diverse range of noisy ECG signals. The de‐noising outcomes show that the presented WTS can automatically select the optimal mother wavelet for the particular ECG signal, and it is superior to other techniques in terms of the average predicted signal‐to‐noise ratio (), the average predicted root‐mean‐square error (), and the average execution time (AET).
A neural autopilot theory of habit: Evidence from consumer purchases and social media use
Authors: Camerer Colin , Xin Yi , Zhao Clarice 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article applies a two‐process “neural autopilot” model to field data. The autopilot model hypothesizes that habitual choice occurs when the reward from a behavior has low numerical “doubt” (i.e., reward prediction errors are small). The model toggles between repeating a previous choice (habit) when doubt is low and making a goal‐directed choice when doubt is high. The model has ingredients established in animal learning and cognitive neuroscience and is simple enough to make nonobvious predictions. In two empirical applications, we fit the model to field data on purchases of canned tuna and posting on the Chinese social media site Weibo. This style of modeling is called “structural” because there is a theoretical model of how different variables influence choices by agents (the “structure”), which tightly restricts how hidden variables lead to observed choices. There is empirical support for the model, more strongly for tuna purchases than for Weibo posting, relative to a baseline “reduced‐form” model in which current choices are correlated with past choices without a mechanistic (structural) explanation. An interesting set of predictions can also be derived about how consumers react to different kinds of changes in prices and qualities of goods (this is called “counterfactual analysis”).
High‐fat diets: You are what you eat….your extracellular vesicles too!
Authors: Rome Sophie , Tacconi Stefano 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecent works indicate that the lipid composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) can modify their biological functions and their incorporation into recipient cells. In particular high‐fat diets affect EV biogenesis, EV lipid composition, EV targeting and consequently the cross‐talk between tissues. This review connects different research topics to show that a vicious circle is established during the development of high‐fat diet‐induced obesity, connecting the alteration of lipid metabolism, the composition of extracellular vesicles and the spread of deleterious lipids between tissues, which participates in NAFLD/NASH and diabetes development. According to the studies described in this review, it is urgent to take an interest in this question as the modulation of EV lipid composition could be an important factor to take into account during the therapeutic management of patients suffering from metabolic syndrome and related pathologies such as obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, as lipid modification of EVs is a strategy currently being tested to enable better integration into their target tissue or cell, it is important to consider the impact of these lipid modifications on the homeostasis of these targets.
Daily concentration of snowfalls in the mountains of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Lemus‐Canovas Marc , Alonso‐González Esteban , Bonsoms Josep , López‐Moreno Juan I. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe temporal concentration of snowfalls has direct implications on the management of water resources as well as on the economic activity of mountain areas, conditioning, for example, the seasonal performance of ski resorts. This work uses the daily concentration index (CI) for analysing the frequency concentration of snowfalls in the Iberian Peninsula Mountain ranges. First, we provide a spatiotemporal analysis of the CI patterns and trends for the 1980–2014 period. Subsequently, we determine the atmospheric circulation patterns that control the CI variability. In addition, we determine the geographical and low‐frequency climate modes that control the CI for this mid‐latitude area. In addition, we have estimated the partial dependence relationship between the CI and several geographical factors by fitting a multiple linear regression. The results from these analyses show that elevation as well as the distance from the Atlantic are the main geographical pattern that controls the CI in the Iberian Peninsula Mountain ranges. These geographical factors also reflect the role of the main atmospheric circulation patterns in the Iberian Peninsula in controlling the spatial dynamics of the CI. The Cantabrian, Iberian, and northern slopes of the Pyrenees show the lowest CI due to their exposition to northern and Atlantic circulation weather types. On the contrary, the highest CI values are found in the southern and eastern slopes of the Pyrenees, eastern slopes of Sierra Nevada, and southern slopes of the Central system. Trend analysis shows a slight increase of CI in the Central system and in the western Sierra Nevada. However, eastern Sierra Nevada, Cantabrian, Central, and Iberian show a downward CI trend. CI is principally driven by the East‐Atlantic/Western Russia pattern and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the Cantabrian, Iberian, and northern slopes of the Central range. The CI values in the Pyrenees show a different relationship with the Western Mediterranean Oscillation (WeMO) depending on whether it is the southern or the northern slope. In addition, the positive phase of the NAO oscillation controls the higher values of CI for the whole Pyrenees, especially in the mid‐south part. Finally, in Sierra Nevada the CI dynamics are controlled mostly by the WeMO.
Aggregation of zooplankton in a Stommel Retention Zone in a laboratory model of Langmuir circulation
Authors: Gurung Sanjib , Du Clos Kevin T. , Aldaddi Abdullah , Murphy David W. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLangmuir circulation is a common form of surface turbulence comprising a series of counterrotating horizontal vortex pairs. Upwellings and downwellings in Langmuir circulation may suspend and trap passive particles or active swimmers like zooplankton in regions known as Stommel Retention Zones. For zooplankton, Stommel Retention Zone formation depends on flow speed and animal swimming speed and direction. Here we explore this biophysical interaction using Daphnia magna in a laboratory model of Langmuir Circulation. The phototactic daphniids were induced to perform different levels of upwards swimming (mimicking diel vertical migration) via constant or intermittent illumination. Some daphniids were additionally exposed to chemically dispersed crude oil, which impaired swimming. We characterized the swimming speed and direction, trajectories, and spatial distribution of daphniids in still water and in response to Langmuir circulation‐like flows of various strengths. In still water, constantly illuminated and oil‐exposed daphniids swam upwards more often than intermittently illuminated animals. Greater levels of upwards swimming in still water corresponded to stronger daphniid aggregations in the downwelling when a Langmuir Circulation‐like flow was present. However, at flow speeds exceeding their swimming abilities, daphniids were generally advected with the flow and uniformly distributed, an effect particularly evident for the weakly‐swimming oil‐exposed daphniids. An individual‐based model was also used to investigate the effects of active swimming vs. passive behavior and of swimming direction on Langmuir circulation‐associated aggregations. Our study of zooplankton Stommel Retention Zones generated in a laboratory facility offers insight into how and when Langmuir circulation‐associated plankton aggregations may occur in the field.
Pointwise eigenvector estimates by landscape functions: Some variations on the Filoche–Mayboroda–van den Berg bound
Authors: Mugnolo Delio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLandscape functions are a popular tool used to provide upper bounds for eigenvectors of Schrödinger operators on domains. We review some known results obtained in the last 10 years, unify several approaches used to achieve such bounds, and extend their scope to a large class of linear and nonlinear operators. We also use landscape functions to derive lower estimates on the principal eigenvalue—much in the spirit of earlier results by Donsker–Varadhan and Bañuelos–Carrol—as well as upper bounds on heat kernels. Our methods solely rely on order properties of operators: We devote special attention to the case where the relevant operators enjoy various forms of elliptic or parabolic maximum principle. Additionally, we illustrate our findings with several examples, including ‐Laplacians on domains and graphs as well as Schrödinger operators with magnetic and electric potential, also by means of elementary numerical experiments.
Development of three‐dimensional printed microfibrous structures using sodium alginate/silk fibroin bioink for tissue engineering application
Authors: Majhi P.S. , Pramanik K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTissue engineering is a method that involves incorporating cells using scaffold elements and growth factors to support the development or replacement of worn tissue and organs. Scaffolds, with proper form and dimension, along with natural physical and chemical features, are continually in need of improving performance and repairing damaged tissue. In this work, microfibrous three‐dimensional scaffolds composed of sodium alginate and silk fibroin natural polymers are reported. Sodium alginate/silk fibroin scaffolds were fabricated by three‐dimensional printing technique using aqueous sodium alginate/silk fibroin blends with weight ratios of 60/40, 70/30, 80/20, and 90/10. Sodium alginate/silk fibroin: (70/30) exhibited regulated swelling and degradation, responses with a tensile strength of 0.75±0.013 MPa. All the scaffolds had shown protein adsorption over 350 μg exhibiting their suitability as substrates for cell adhesion. The fabricated sodium alginate/silk fibroin scaffolds are hydrophilic and biocompatible as apparent from the contact angle, protein adsorption, 3‐[4, 5‐dimethylthiazole‐2‐yl]‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and cell attachment studies. In vitro‐biomineralization study showed higher apatite layer deposition ability of the sodium alginate/silk fibroin: 70/30 scaffold. The result suggests that sodium alginate/silk fibroin: 70/30 scaffold might be used as a potential platform for tissue engineering application.
Experimental and finite element analysis of Charpy impact, uniaxial tension and bending test of spin‐arc welded carbon steel 1018 plate
Authors: Sankarapandian S. , Pramod R. , Kumar S. Mohan , Shanmugam N. Siva 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSpin‐arc welding process emerged as a continuation of gas metal arc or flux‐cored arc welding process, making use of filler wire and fuse plates of higher thickness with less welding defects. In this process, the filler wire is made to rotate along a central axis with a fixed diameter and frequency, thereby reducing the number of weld runs to join thick plates and resulting in increased productivity and less consumption of filler wire. American iron and steel institute carbon steel 1018 is a low carbon steel used primarily in rugged environments and is known for its excellent weldability and finds application in spacers, mounting plates, fixtures, carburized parts and machine parts. Present work aims to provide insight on experimental and finite element analysis of carbon steel 1018 (base and spin arc weld metal) specimens subjected to Charpy impact and uniaxial tension test. In order to verify the weld quality under bending load, a comparative study among experimental and finite element analysis of bending test is also performed. The finite element analysis results of Charpy impact, uniaxial tension and bending test are validated with experimental outcomes.
Parametric optimization of corrosion and erosive wear performance of FeCrCoNiSiB coated Q235 steel by using Taguchi's method
Authors: Kumar A. , Dangayach G. S. , Patnaik A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHigh‐speed oxy‐fuel warm showering is utilized to cover Q235 steel with Fe32Cr21Co21Ni16Si5B5 and Fe43Cr16Co12Ni14Si5B10. The resistance of coatings to slurry wear is tested using a jet‐type apparatus. Investigations of the surface are conducted. Taguchi's and wear model verify the significance of impact of the most important factors. In this case, the wear model‘s proposed process closely matches with the experiments. In this study, the impact velocity was entitled as the most influential component, with a commitment proportion of 70 %, trailed by the impingement point, with proportions of 28.16 % and 28.70 % for Fe32Cr21Co21Ni16Si5B5 and Fe43Cr16Co12Ni14Si5B10, separately. It is by and large concurred that the main success of the control boundaries is influence speed>impingement point>erodent feed rate>erodent size for Fe43Cr16Co12Ni14Si5B10, and the opposite is true for Fe43Cr16Co12Ni14Si5B10. Scanning electron microscopy has shown that the principal erosion processes for Fe32Cr21Co21Ni16Si5B5 and Fe43Cr16Co12Ni14Si5B10 coatings are miniature cutting and blended cutting and furrowing at low impingement point while platelets are apparent at ordinary impingement point. Coatings formed passivation films, as shown by their greater value relative to the substrate.
Study on microstructure and properties of selective laser melting formed AlSi10Mg alloy
Authors: Jian H. , Wu J. , Pai J. , Zhang W. , Yang X. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe microstructure and properties of an AlSi10Mg alloy produced by selective laser melting were examined using optical microscopes, scanning electron microscopes, electron backscattered diffraction, and x‐ray diffraction. The results show that the mechanical characteristics of selective laser melting formed AlSi10Mg alloy is superior to those of traditional sand cast AlSi10Mg alloy due to fine grain strengthening and solid solution strengthening. AlSi10Mg alloy formed by selective laser melting is mainly composed of α‐aluminum solid solution, eutectic silicon with network structure and a small amount of Magnesium silicon precipitated phase, and different cross‐sections have unique microstructures and properties. The XOY plane is composed primarily of equiaxed grains with an average grain size of 7.34 μm and a {001} <100> cubic texture, and it has a hardness value of 130.7 HV 0.2. The majority of the YOZ plane, which has a {111}<110> brass R texture and a hardness value of 108.9 HV 0.2, comprises columnar crystals with an average grain size of 8.42 μm.
Experimental and computational investigation on mechanical properties of aluminium alloy 6063/waste eggshell powder metal matrix composite
Authors: Srivastava V.S. , Saxena A. , Maurya A. , Singh P. , Tiwari A.K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the present investigation, food industries′ waste eggshell is used to fabricate the metal matrix composite i. e., made by stir casting method. Further, two different composition samples have been prepared, with a mixing of 6 weight‐% eggshell and 12 weight‐% eggshell carbonized powder in matrix material aluminium alloy 6063. Sample B (aluminium alloy 6063+6 weight‐% eggshell) and sample C (aluminium alloy 6063+12 weight‐% eggshell) in the aluminium alloy 6063 powder (sample A) are mixed with the help of the mechanical stir casting method. The final test results revealed that hardness increased by 16.73 % and 27.57 % value for sample B and sample C respectively than aluminium alloy 6063 (sample A). In addition, the tensile strength and impact hardness of sample B and sample C also increased by 17 % to 31 % value respectively in comparison to aluminium alloy 6063 (sample A). In the last power law, hardening parameters have been evaluated for sample B for performing the finite element analysis of the tensile test process. The finite element analysis model has shown good agreement with experimental results.
Comparative investigation on mechanical properties of iron alloy based coating material: A comprehensive review
Authors: Sharma R. K. , Das R. K. , Kumar S. R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe primary focus of this paper is to review the latest developments in iron based amorphous/nanocrystalline high velocity oxy fuel coatings. The extensive development towards the enhancement in the mechanical properties such as micro‐hardness, compressive strength, adhesion strength etc. and comparative investigations are the key objectives set by the coating material scientist. The industrial application fields of iron alloy based coating are growing rapidly and owing to the rapid increase in industrial applications, there are many more advancements in the coating deposition techniques. In the present review, various factors influencing mechanical performance of high velocity oxy fuel coating material have been listed and ranked according to the level of influence. It can be concluded that the mechanical performance of coating materials is significantly influenced by coating parameters, including spray distance, oxygen fuel ratio, coating thickness, and number of layers.
The influence of silicon content on the microstructure and high‐temperature oxidation behavior of aluminum‐silicon coatings on Ti‐6Al‐4 V alloy by hot dipping route
Authors: Shi D. , Su X. , Chen J. , Liu Y. , Wu Ch. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe poor high‐temperature oxidation properties of Ti‐6Al‐4 V (titanium‐aluminum‐vanadium) alloy limit its applications under high‐temperature components of aero‐engines. In this study, the aluminum‐silicon coatings with different silicon content were fabricated on titanium‐aluminum‐vanadium alloy via the hot dipping route. A metallurgical bond was established at the interface between aluminum‐silicon coatings and substrates following the hot dipping. The results showed that three different coatings were formed: titanium(aluminum, silicon)3+ liquid‐(aluminum, silicon), titanium(aluminum, silicon)3+ τ2+ liquid‐(aluminum, silicon) and τ1+ τ2+ liquid‐(aluminum, silicon). Furthermore, the formation of aluminum‐silicon coatings was analyzed by diffusion path theory. The coated alloy was subjected to a high‐temperature oxidation test at 850 °C, and the weight gains were only 5.1 % to 22.4 % of the bare alloy. The coatings improved the high‐temperature oxidation resistance of titanium‐aluminum‐vanadium alloy. The most favorable oxidation behavior was noticed for the titanium(aluminum, silicon)3+liquid‐(aluminum, silicon) coatings. The higher the silicon content in titanium(aluminum, silicon)3+liquid‐(aluminum, silicon) coatings, the more excellent high‐temperature oxidation resistance was achieved.
Role of tool shoulder profile and tool rotational speed on the mechanical performance of friction stir welded Al5083 joints
Authors: Sunnapu Chendrasekhar , Kolli Murahari 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the current work, Al5083 weld joints have been produced by friction stir welding using three different tool shoulder profiles (flat, concave and convex) at three different tool rotational speeds (900 min−1, 1120 min−1 and 1400 min−1) with an objective to investigate the role of tool shoulder profile and welding parameters on the joint quality. The cross sectional microstructural observations revealed the development of perfect weld joint at 900 min−1 and 1120 min−1 with flat and concave shoulder profiles due to the better material flow in the stir zone. Other weld joints revealed the presence of tunneling defect at the bottom of the nugget zone. Hardness measurements of the weld joints showed increased values at 1120 min−1 with concave shoulder. From the impact test data, all the weld joints exhibited similar impact energy compared with the base material except the weld joint produced with concave shoulder at 1120 min−1. Tensile tests of the weld joints demonstrated better joint strength for the weld joints obtained with both the flat and concave shoulder profiles at 1120 min−1 without losing the ductility similar to that of the base alloy.
Accumulative roll bonding of aluminum alloy 6082: Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties
Authors: Verma J. , Padap A. K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMaterial strengthening is a key objective of researchers and scientists in the present scenario for industrial applications. Although many processes can strengthen and refine grains, severe plastic deformation is the most dominant of all other techniques. Accumulative roll bonding is one of the severe plastic deformation techniques. This study examined how the various accumulative roll bonding cycles at the elevated preheating temperature affected the mechanical characteristics and microstructural evolution of the AA6082 strip. An optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and electron backscatter diffraction were used to analyze the bonding and microstructural features. To determine mechanical characteristics, tensile and microhardness tests were also performed. The ultrafine grain size was achieved after accumulative roll bonding processing of AA6082. Accumulative roll bonding processing enhances mechanical properties like tensile strength and microhardness during the initial accumulative roll bonding cycle, but these properties grow more slowly at higher accumulative roll bonding cycles. However, the elongation value considerably decreased in the first cycle before stabilizing. The nice bonding between the layers was seen after accumulative roll bonding. Even after accumulative roll bonding, the fracture morphology reveals a ductile mode of fracture.