bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of clozapine on blood glucose metabolism
Authors: Chae Beang‐Jin , Kang Byung‐Jo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe aim of this prospective study was to examine the effect of clozapine on blood glucose metabolism compared with haloperidol. Oral glucose tolerance tests were taken every week for 8 weeks to assess the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance and glycemic peak delay in 19 patients of the clozapine group compared with 15 patients of the haloperidol group. There were two dropouts in the clozapine group and five in the haloperidol group. Finally 17 patients in the clozapine group and 10 patients in the haloperidol group participated in this study. In the clozapine group, six patients (35%) had impaired glucose tolerance, and seven patients (41%) had glycemic peak delay. In the haloperidol group, no patient (0%) had impaired glucose tolerance, and one patient (10%) had glycemic peak delay. None of either group developed diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, the clozapine group had more impaired glucose tolerance and glycemic peak delay than the haloperidol group. However, this difference did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.056, p = 0.189). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical and isotopic evidence of nitrogen transformation in the Mississippi River, 1997–98
Authors: Battaglin William A. , Kendall Carol , Chang Cecily C. Y. , Silva Steven R. , Campbell D. H. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAn Erratum has been published for this article in Hydrological Processes 16(5) 2002, 1129–1130.
Nitrate (NO3) and other nutrients discharged by the Mississippi River are suspected of causing a zone of depleted dissolved oxygen (hypoxic zone) in the Gulf of Mexico each summer. The hypoxic zone may have an adverse affect on aquatic life and commercial fisheries. The amount of NO3 delivered by the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico is well documented, but the relative contributions of different sources of NO3, and the magnitude of subsequent in‐stream transformations of NO3, are not well understood. Forty‐two water samples collected in 1997 and 1998 at eight stations located either on the Mississippi River or its major tributaries were analysed for NO3, total nitrogen (N), atrazine, chloride concentrations and NO3 stable isotopes (δ15N and δ18O). These data are used to assess the magnitude and nature of in‐stream N transformation and to determine if the δ15N and δ18O of NO3 provide information about NO3 sources and transformation processes in a large river system (drainage area 2 900 000 km2) that would otherwise be unavailable using concentration and discharge data alone.Results from 42 samples indicate that the δ15N and δ18O ratios between sites on the Mississippi River and its tributaries are somewhat distinctive, and vary with season and discharge rate. Of particular interest are two nearly Lagrangian sample sets, in which samples from the Mississippi River at St Francisville, LA, are compared with samples collected from the Ohio River at Grand Chain, II, and the Mississippi River at Thebes, IL. In both Lagrangian sets, mass‐balance calculations indicate only a small amount of in‐stream N loss. The stable isotope data from the samples suggest that in‐stream N assimilation and not denitrification accounts for most of the N loss in the lower Mississippi River during the spring and early summer months. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical weathering and runoff chemistry in a steep headwater catchment
Authors: Anderson Suzanne Prestrud , Dietrich William E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe present here deductions about the location, rate, and mechanisms of chemical weathering in a small catchment based on a catchment‐scale sprinkling experiment. In this experiment demineralized water was applied at an approximately steady rate in the CB1 catchment in the Oregon Coast Range to reach and maintain a quasi‐steady discharge for a period of 4 days. Because of nearly steady flow conditions within the catchment, the contribution to solute fluxes from soil and bedrock could be partitioned. One half of the solute flux from the catchment derived from colluvial soil, and one half from weathering in bedrock. This implies more intense weathering in the thin colluvium mantling the catchment than in the thick underlying weathered bedrock. The annual solute flux from the catchment, scaled to the annual runoff from the catchment, is 32 ± 10 t km−2 year−1, equivalent to published chemical denudation rates for nearby rivers with drainage areas 106 times greater than the experiment site. Soil waters sampled during the sprinkling experiment had steady compositions following a period of transient water flow conditions, implying steady‐state chemical evolution in the soil. The waters leached ‘organic’ anions from shallow depths in the soil, which solubilized aluminium and iron, indicating that podzolization is occurring in these soils. Carbonate dissolution appears to be an important source of solutes from the bedrock, despite being present as only a minor phase in the rock. Water balance suggests that the residence time of water in the catchment is about 2 months, and that typical 24 h storms displace only a fraction of the stored water. A consequence is that runoff chemistry is dominated by old water, which imposes strong limits on the variability of runoff composition. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of stemflow volume and chemistry in a mature Japanese cypress forest
Authors: Koichiro Kuraji , Yuri Tanaka , Nobuaki Tanaka , Isamu Karakama 
Published: September 2002

AbstractLong‐term monitoring of rainfall, throughfall and stemflow was conducted in a mature Japanese cypress forest at the University Forest in Chiba, Boso Peninsula, Japan. Two stemflow collectors were installed in a tree at 19·1 m (just under the tree crown) and at 1·3 m above the ground to determine the processes controlling the generation, volume and quality of stemflow at the stem, leaves and branches. The canopy‐only stemflow and stem‐only stemflow for this tree, and the canopy‐and‐stem stemflow for three other trees, were measured and sampled for chemical analysis. Total stemflow increased after installation of the 19·1 m collector just under the tree crown, suggesting a large water storage capacity of the bark. All ion concentrations in stemflow except H+ were highest in the first sample collected during a rain event and declined thereafter. Hydrogen ion concentrations of canopy‐only stemflow and canopy‐and‐stem stemflow were nearly balanced with the charge balance deficit (CBD) concentrations for all samples. Following comparison of ion concentrations among canopy‐only stemflow, canopy‐and‐stem stemflow and throughfall, the ions were categorized into four groups (NO3−, SO42−, H+, CBD), (Na+, Cl−), (Mg2+, Ca2+) and (K+, NH4+). The groupings were based on differences in stemflow and throughfall chemistry generation processes between and among the groups. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new empirical weighted monetary aggregate for the UK
Authors: Drake Leigh , Mills Terence C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper utilizes an approach to long‐run modelling proposed by Pesaranet al. (1996. Testing for the existence of a long run relationship. Mimeo, University of Cambridge) to develop an empirical weighted broad monetary aggregate for the UK. The properties of this new aggregate are contrasted with those of the corresponding simple sum and Divisia aggregates. The new weighted monetary aggregate is found to be highly stable and conforms well with standard money demand properties. The aggregate also displays sensible impulse response and persistence profiles to monetary shocks in the context of a VECM framework. Finally, the empirical weighted aggregate displays superior information content in respect of nominal income when contrasted with simple sum and Divisia aggregates using a series of St. Louis equations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the conditional volatility of commodity index futures as a regime switching process
Authors: Fong Wai Mun , See Kim Hock 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCommodity index futures offer a versatile tool for gaining different forms of exposure to commodity markets. Volatility is a critical input in many of these applications. This paper examines issues in modelling the conditional variance of futures returns based on the Goldman Sachs Commodity Index (GSCI). Given that commodity markets tend to be ‘choppy’ (Webb, 1987), a general econometric model is proposed that allows for abrupt changes or regime shifts in volatility, transition probabilities which vary explicitly with observable fundamentals such as the basis, GARCH dynamics, seasonal variations and conditional leptokurtosis. The model is applied to daily futures returns on the GSCI over 1992–1997. The results show clear evidence of regime shifts in conditional mean and volatility. Once regime shifts are accounted for, GARCH effects are minimal. Consistent with the theory of storage, returns are more likely to switch to the high‐variance state when the basis is negative than when the basis is positive. The regime switching model also performs well in forecasting the daily volatility compared to standard GARCH models without regime switches. The model should be of interest to sophisticated traders who base their trading strategies on short‐term volatility movements, managed commodity funds interested in hedging an underlying diversified portfolio of commodities and investors of options and other derivatives tied to GSCI futures contracts. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing of seasonal fractional integration in UK and Japanese consumption and income
Authors: Gil‐Alaña L. A. , Robinson P. M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe seasonal structure of quarterly UK and Japanese consumption and income is examined by means of fractionally based tests proposed by Robinson (1994). These series were analysed from an autoregressive unit root viewpoint by Hylleberg, Engle, Granger and Yoo (HEGY, 1990) and Hylleberg, Engle, Granger and Lee (HEGL, 1993). We find that seasonal fractional integration, with amplitudes possibly varying across frequencies, is an alternative plausible way of modelling these series. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The apparent volume of interdigitation: A new parameter for evaluating the influence of surface topography on mechanical interlock
Authors: Arola Dwayne D. , Yang Dongliang T. , Stoffel Kirk A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA new parameter has been defined to estimate the apparent volume of interdigitation (Vi) that is available from a surface to support mechanical interlock. The parameter is estimated in terms of the core roughness parameters, which can be obtained from the material ratio curve of a representative surface profile. A verification of the definition for Vi is performed with the use of ideal surface profiles consisting of Gaussian and skewed height distributions. In contrast to conventional surface roughness parameters, the expression for Vi is capable of differentiating between positive and negative skewed surfaces with the same average surface roughness. It is expected that Vi will be a useful tool for optimization of the prosthesis and bone surface topographies, which are essential to the long‐term success of cemented total joint replacements. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 519–524, 2001
Establishment and characterization of chondrocyte cell lines from the costal cartilage of SV40 large T antigen transgenic mice
Authors: Kitaoka E. , Satomura K. , Hayashi E. , Yamanouchi K. , Tobiume S. , Kume K. , Obinata M. , Nagayama M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractComplete understanding of the physiology and pathology of the cartilage is essential to establish treatments for a variety of cartilage disorders and defects such as rheumatoid arthritis, congenital malformations, and tumors of cartilage. Although synthetic materials have been used in many cases, they possess inherent problems including wear of the materials and low mechanical strength. Autograft has been considered very effective to overcome these problems. However, the limitation of the transplant volume is a major problem in autograft to be overcome. The costal cartilage is the most serious candidate for donor site transplantation, since it is the largest permanent hyaline cartilage in the body. To investigate the possibility using the costal cartilage as a transplant source, we have established and characterized three mouse chondrocyte cell lines (MCC‐2, MCC‐5, and MCC‐35) derived from the costal cartilage of 8‐week‐old male SV40 large T‐antigen transgenic mice. At confluence, all the cell lines formed nodules that could be positively stained with alcian blue (pH 2.5). The size of nodules gradually increased during culturing time. After 2 and 6 weeks of culture, RT‐PCR analysis demonstrated that all three cell lines expressed mRNA from the cartilage‐specific genes for type II collagen, type XI collagen, aggrecan, and link protein. Furthermore, type X collagen expression was detected in MCC‐5 and MCC‐35 but not in MCC‐2. Any phenotypic changes were not observed over 31 cell divisions. Immunocytochemistry showed further that MCC‐2, MCC‐5, and MCC‐35 produced cartilage‐specific proteins type II collagen and type XI collagen, while in addition MCC‐5 and MCC‐35 produced type X collagen. Treatment with 1α, 25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited cell proliferation and differentiation of the three cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner. These phenotypic characteristics have been found consistent with chondrocyte cell lines established from cartilage tissues other than costal cartilage. In conclusion, costal cartilage shows phenotypic similarities to other cartilages, i.e., articular cartilage and embryonic limbs, suggesting that costal cartilage may be very useful as the donor transplantation site for the treatment of cartilage disorders. Furthermore, the cell lines established in this study are also beneficial in basic research of cartilage physiology and pathology. J. Cell. Biochem. 81: 571–582, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bruton's tyrosine kinase associates with the actin‐based cytoskeleton in activated platelets
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Saikat , Ramars Amanchy S.S. , Dash Debabrata 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) plays a crucial role in the maturation and differentiation of B‐lymphocytes and immunoglobulin synthesis. Recently Btk has been described to be present in significant amount in human platelets. To investigate the regulation of this kinase in the platelets we studied its subcellular redistribution in the resting and activated cells. In the resting platelets Btk was almost absent from the actin‐based cytoskeleton. Upon challenge of the platelet thrombin receptor upto 30% of total Btk appeared in the cytoskeleton and the protein underwent phosphorylation on tyrosine. Translocation of Btk to the cytoskeleton but not aggregation was prevented by cytochalasin B, which inhibits actin polymerization. Wortmannin and genistein (inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase and protein tyrosine kinase, respectively) decreased while phenylarsine oxide (a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor) increased the cytoskeletal content of Btk. The association of Btk with the cytoskeleton was regulated by integrin αIIbβ3 and partly reversible. Taken together, these data suggest that Btk might be a component of a signaling complex containing specific cytoskeletal proteins in the activated platelets. J. Cell. Biochem. 81: 659–665, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relative efficacies of indole antioxidants in reducing autoxidation and iron‐induced lipid peroxidation in hamster testes
Authors: Karbownik Malgorzata , Gitto Eloisa , Lewiñski Andrzej , Reiter Russel J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIncreased iron stores are associated with free radical generation and carcinogenesis. Lipid peroxidation is involved in DNA damage, thus indirectly participating in the early steps of tumor initiation. Melatonin and structurally related indoles are effective in protecting against oxidative stress. The aim of the study was to compare the relative efficacies of melatonin, N‐acetylserotonin (NAS), indole‐3‐propionic acid (IPA), and 5‐hydroxy‐indole‐3‐acetic acid (5HIAA) in altering basal and iron‐induced lipid peroxidation in homogenates of hamster testes. To determine the effect of the indoles on the autoxidation of lipids, homogenates were incubated in the presence of each agent in concentrations of 0.0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, or 5.0 mM. To study their effects on induced lipid peroxidation, homogenates were incubated with FeSO4 (30 μM + H2O2 (0.1 mM) + each of the indoles in the same concentrations as above. The degree of lipid peroxidation was expressed as concentrations of malondialdehyde + 4‐hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4‐HDA) per mg protein. The indoles decreased both basal and iron‐related lipid peroxidation in a concentration‐dependent manner. Melatonin reduced basal MDA + 4‐HDA levels when used at the concentrations of 0.25 mM or higher, and prevented iron‐induced lipid peroxidation at concentrations of 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, or 5.0 mM. The lowest effective concentrations of NAS required to lower basal and iron‐related lipid peroxidation were 0.05 mM and 0.25 mM, respectively. IPA, only when used in the highest concentrations of 2.5 mM or 5 mM inhibited basal lipid peroxidation levels and it was ineffective on the levels of MDA + 4‐HDA due to iron damage. 5HIAA reduced basal lipid peroxidation when used at concentrations of 0.25 mM or higher, and it prevented iron‐induced lipid peroxidation only at the highest applied concentration (5 mM). In conclusion, melatonin and related indoles at pharmacological concentrations protect against both the autoxidation of lipids as well as induced peroxidation of lipids in testes. In doing so, these agents would be expected to reduce testicular cancer that is initiated by products of lipid peroxidation. J. Cell. Biochem. 81: 693–699, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intramolecular interactions and intramolecular hydrogen bonding in conformers of gaseous glycine
Authors: Pacios L. F. , Gómez P. C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAb initiocalculations at the MP2/6‐311++G** level of theory led recently to the identification of 13 stable conformers of gaseous glycine with relative energies within 11 kcal/mol. The stability of every structure depends on subtle intramolecular effects arising from conformational changes. These intramolecular interactions are examined with the tools provided by the Atoms In Molecules (AIM) theory, which allows obtaining a wealth of quantum mechanics information from the molecular electron density ρ(r). The analysis of the topological features of ρ(r) on one side and the atomic properties integrated in the basins defined by the gradient vector field of the density on the other side makes possible to explore the different intramolecular effects in every conformer. The existence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds on some conformers is demonstrated, while the presence of other stabilizing interactions arising from favorable conformations is shown to explain the stability of other structures in the potential energy surface of glycine. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 702–716, 2001
Laboratory tests for the evaluation of Helicobacter pylori infections
Authors: Nakamura Robert M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractHelicobacter pylori is a highly motile bacterium with multiple unipolar flagella, and it produces the urease enzyme. The flagella and urease are the virulence factors of H. pylori. H. pylori often establishes a chronic infection in the stomach that may lead to gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastric cancers, gastric lymphomas, and other gastrointestinal diseases. There are several different invasive and noninvasive clinical laboratory tests for H. pylori. Laboratory testing is not indicated in asymptomatic patients and should be considered only if treatment of H. pylori infection is planned. Invasive tests for H. pylori, such as tissue histology, culture, and rapid urease tests, are used if an endoscopy is performed on the patient. The noninvasive tests for H. pylori, such as enzyme antibody and urea breath tests, are recommended in patients whose symptoms do not warrant endoscopy. The urea breath test is very useful and is recommended to evaluate effectiveness in the eradication and treatment of H. pylori infections. Nucleic acid tests can complement other diagnostic procedures, and are useful in evaluating fixed biopsy tissue, environmental samples, gastric juices, oral secretions, and stool samples. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:301–307, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of storage and viral load on hepatitis C viral genotyping
Authors: Payne Deborah A. , Seifert Susan L. , Brody Brian A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) genotyping is important for determining the treatment protocol for hepatitis C patients. Since amplified material from the Roche HCV Monitor kit is compatible with the Innogenetics INNO‐LiPA HCV II kit (line probe assay), amplicons from the Monitor assay can be used to identify the HCV genotype. The Monitor package insert recommends using amplicons within a 7‐day period (at 4°C) following amplification. It was hypothesized that storage of amplicons for 4 weeks and longer (at –20°C) would not affect the sensitivity of the genotyping assay. After denaturation, amplicons from two genotypes were stored for 7–386 days prior to performing the genotyping assay. Storage of amplicons did not hamper the ability to identify the genotype. Additionally, the sensitivity of the assay was evaluated by analyzing five genotypes with low viral loads. HCV genotypes were detected most consistently at viral levels of 10,000 copies/mL. In conclusion, the Innogenetics genotyping assay can use stored amplicons, thus reducing the cost of the assay by avoiding additional PCR reactions. Determining the sensitivity of this assay facilitates the efficient use of this test by incorporating a sensitivity cutoff of ≥10,000 copies/mL. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:331–333, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endosonographic appearances of Brunner's gland hamartomas
Authors: Changchien Chi‐Sin , Hsu Chia‐Chang , Hu Tsung‐Hui 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBrunner's gland hamartoma is an uncommon intestinal tumor, most frequently located in the duodenal bulb. We report the endoscopic sonographic (EUS) appearances in 2 cases of Brunner's gland hamartoma. In 1 case, EUS revealed a heterogeneous hypoechoic pedunculated mass, 1.7 cm in diameter, arising from the mucosal and submucosal layers of the wall of the duodenal bulb. Multiple anechoic large and small cystic areas were demonstrated in the tumor. In the other case, EUS revealed a 1.4‐ × 0.9‐cm pedunculated mass with an echogenicity higher than that of the muscular layer and lower than that of the mucosa, arising from the submucosal layer of the duodenal bulb wall. Multiple small anechoic areas were demonstrated in the tumor. We believe that both EUS patterns are typical for Brunner's gland hamartomas. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:243–246, 2001.