bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing two different orthogeriatric models of care for hip fracture patients: an observational prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Solberg Lene Bergendal , Vesterhus Elise Berg , Hestnes Ingvild , Ahmed Marc Vali , Ommundsen Nina , Westberg Marianne , Frihagen Frede 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionPatients with hip fractures are almost always operated with quite extensive surgery and are often frail with a high risk of complications, increased dependency, and death. Orthogeriatric interdisciplinary care has shown better results compared with orthopaedic care alone. The best way of delivering orthogeriatric care, however, is still largely unknown. It is believed that a high degree of integration and shared care is better than on-demand consultative services. We aimed to evaluate two different orthogeriatric models for patients with hip fracture.MethodsA prospective hip fracture quality database was used to evaluate two coexisting models of care from 2019 to 2021 in our hospital. An ‘integrated care model’ (ICM) was compared with a ‘geriatric consult service’ (GCS).Results516 patients were available for analysis, 360 from ICM and 156 from GCS. Mean age was 84 years. There were 370 (72%) women. American Society of Anesthesiologists class and prefracture cognitive impairment was similar between the groups. There were more patients with femoral neck fractures in the ICM group, and more patients were living independently prefracture. A logistic regression adjusting for the variables above showed that more patients in the ICM group were given a nerve block preoperatively (OR 2.0 (95% CI 1.31 to 2.97); p<0.01), had their urinary catheter removed the first day after surgery (OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.27 to 2.89); p<0.01), were mobilised to standing or seated in a chair beside the bed the first day after surgery (OR 1.5 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.30); p=0.033) and more ICM patients were considered for treatment against osteoporosis (OR 8.58 (95% CI 4.03 to 18.28); p<0.001). There were no significant differences in time to surgery, length of stay, discharge destination or mortality.ConclusionThe ICM group performed equally good or better on all quality indicators than the GCS.
Novel function of MOTS-c in mitochondrial remodelling contributes to its antiviral role during HBV infection
Authors: Lin Caorui , Luo Linjie , Xun Zhen , Zhu Chenggong , Huang Ying , Ye Yuchen , Zhang Jiawei , Chen Tianbin , Wu Songhang , Zhan Fuguo , Yang Bin , Liu Can , Ran Ning , Ou Qishui 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes substantial harm to mitochondrial activity, which hinders the development of effective treatments for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The discovery of the mitochondrial-derived short peptide MOTS-c, which possesses multiple bioactivities, offers a promising new approach in treating HBV infection. This study aims to explore the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of MOTS-c in HBV-related diseases and its molecular mechanism.DesignIn total, 85 healthy subjects and 404 patients with HBV infection, including 20 clinical treatment cohorts, were recruited for this study. MOTS-c levels were measured by ELISA and its diagnostic value was evaluated by receiving operating characteristic curve analysis. The therapeutic effect of MOTS-c was observed in multiple HBV-infected mice and cells through various techniques, including transcriptomic sequencing, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Additionally, MOTS-c’s potential interaction with myosin-9 (MYH9) and actin was predicted using immunoprecipitation, proteomics and target prediction software.ResultsMOTS-c negatively correlates with HBV DNA expression (R=−0.71), and its AUC (the area under the curve) for distinguishing CHB from healthy controls is 0.9530, and IA (immune reactive) from IC (inactive HBV carrier) is 0.8689. Inhibition of HBV replication (with a 50–70% inhibition rate) was observed alongside improved liver function without notable toxicity in vitro or in vivo. MOTS-c was found to promote mitochondrial biogenesis and enhance the MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein) signalling pathway. The impact is dependent on MOTS-c’s ability to regulate MYH9-actin-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis.ConclusionMOTS-c has the potential to serve as a biomarker for the progression of HBV infection while also enhancing antiviral efficacy. These findings present a promising innovative approach for effectively treating patients with CHB. Furthermore, our research uncovers a novel role for MOTS-c in regulating MYH9-actin-mediated mitochondrial dynamics and contributing to mitochondrial biogenesis.
Late Ediacaran–early Cambrian rifting along the northern margin of Laurentia: constraints from the Yelverton Formation of Ellesmere Island, Canada
Authors: Faehnrich Karol , McClelland William C. , Webb Laura , Kośmińska Karolina , Strauss Justin V. 
Published: October 2023

Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic strata exposed along the northeastern margin of North America (Franklinian Basin) record a prolonged history of rifting and passive margin development. An episode of Ediacaran–Cambrian extension is potentially recorded in volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Yelverton Formation, exposed on northern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. Here, we present new whole-rock trace element and isotope geochemistry and hornblende 40Ar/39Ar geochronology from intrusive and extrusive rocks of the Yelverton Formation, along with isotope geochemistry from carbonate rocks underlying the volcanics and detrital zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopic data from the Yelverton Formation and overlying Grant Land Formation. The carbonate strata yielded an average 87Sr/86Sr value of 0.7076 ( n = 6), constraining the overlying volcanics to the late Ediacaran–early Cambrian (ca. 570–530 Ma). Flows and dikes/sills show three distinct compositions: (1) a depleted, low La/YbPM and Th/Nb group, (2) an enriched, higher La/YbPM and low Th/Nb group, and (3) a low to moderate La/YbPM and high Th/Nb group. One of the high Th/Nb intrusions produced saddle-shaped 40Ar/39Ar hornblende spectra with ca. 482 ± 7 Ma age minima and Silurian–Devonian inverse isochron ages, highlighting a hitherto unknown suite of younger intrusions and volcanic rocks. The trace element geochemistry and 143Nd/144Nd(t) ratios of enriched and depleted volcanic rocks of the indisputable Yelverton Formation are consistent with decompression melting during rifting along a continental margin. We suggest that late Ediacaran–early Cambrian rifting recorded in the Yelverton Formation resulted in the separation of peri-Laurentian terranes, such as the North Slope subterrane and eventual development of the passive margin of northern Laurentia.
Discrete symmetries of Dirac’s theory in the de Sitter manifold
Authors: Cotăescu Ion I. , Cotăescu Ion 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe discrete symmetries of Dirac’s free field on the de Sitter manifold are studied, taking into account that this has two portions that can play the role of physical space-times, namely an expanding and a collapsing universe. The proper discrete isometries which preserve the portion have a physical meaning, in contrast to the improper ones, which change the portion being thus merely of mathematical interest. The discrete symmetries generated by the proper isometries and charge conjugation are studied in physical frames on the expanding portion, showing that all discrete transformations reversing the cosmic time are local, depending on a local boost matrix. The discrete group of Dirac’s theory in the de Sitter expanding universe is obtained, showing that this is of the order 16, having a multiplication table similar to that of Dirac’s theory in special relativity. Moreover, all the discrete de Sitter isometries, including the improper ones, are studied in conformal frames for obtaining a global image of the de Sitter isometries, despite the fact that these cannot be gathered in a larger discrete group with physical meaning.
Temporally Dissociable Mechanisms of Spatial, Feature, and Motor Selection during Working Memory–guided Behavior
Authors: Ester Edward , Weese Rachel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Working memory (WM) is a capacity- and duration-limited system that forms a temporal bridge between fleeting sensory phenomena and possible actions. But how are the contents of WM used to guide behavior? A recent high-profile study reported evidence for simultaneous access to WM content and linked motor plans during WM-guided behavior, challenging serial models where task-relevant WM content is first selected and then mapped on to a task-relevant motor response. However, the task used in that study was not optimized to distinguish the selection of spatial versus nonspatial visual information stored in memory, nor to distinguish whether or how the chronometry of selecting nonspatial visual information stored in memory might differ from the selection of linked motor plans. Here, we revisited the chronometry of spatial, feature, and motor selection during WM-guided behavior using a task optimized to disentangle these processes. Concurrent EEG and eye position recordings revealed clear evidence for temporally dissociable spatial, feature, and motor selection during this task. Thus, our data reveal the existence of multiple WM selection mechanisms that belie conceptualizations of WM-guided behavior based on purely serial or parallel visuomotor processing.
Cortical Structure in Pre-Readers at Cognitive Risk for Dyslexia: Baseline Differences and Response to Intervention
Authors: Economou Maria , Vanden Bempt Femke , Van Herck Shauni , Glatz Toivo , Wouters Jan , Ghesquière Pol , Vanderauwera Jolijn , Vandermosten Maaike 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Early childhood is a critical period for structural brain development as well as an important window for the identification and remediation of reading difficulties. Recent research supports the implementation of interventions in at-risk populations as early as kindergarten or first grade, yet the neurocognitive mechanisms following such interventions remain understudied. To address this, we investigated cortical structure by means of anatomical MRI before and after a 12-week tablet-based intervention in: (1) at-risk children receiving phonics-based training (n = 29; n = 16 complete pre–post datasets), (2) at-risk children engaging with AC training (n = 24; n = 15 complete pre–post datasets) and (3) typically developing children (n = 25; n = 14 complete pre–post datasets) receiving no intervention. At baseline, we found higher surface area of the right supramarginal gyrus in at-risk children compared to typically developing peers, extending previous evidence that early anatomical differences exist in children who may later develop dyslexia. Our longitudinal analysis revealed significant post-intervention thickening of the left supramarginal gyrus, present exclusively in the intervention group but not the active control or typical control groups. Altogether, this study contributes new knowledge to our understanding of the brain morphology associated with cognitive risk for dyslexia and response to early intervention, which in turn raises new questions on how early anatomy and plasticity may shape the trajectories of long-term literacy development.
Use of Perioperative Intravenous Lidocaine as Part of an Abdominal Surgery Enhanced Recovery Pathway Does Not Significantly Impact Postoperative Pain
Authors: Althans Alison R. , Kumpati Bhanu , Lavage Danielle R. , Esper Stephen A. , Subramaniam Kathirvel , Boisen Michael L. , Holder-Murray Jennifer 
Published: October 2023

Background The utility of perioperative intravenous lidocaine in improving postoperative pain control remains unclear. We aimed to compare postoperative pain outcomes in ERP abdominal surgery patients who did vs did not receive intravenous lidocaine. We hypothesized that patients receiving lidocaine would have lower postoperative pain scores and consume fewer opioids. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery at a single institution via an ERP from 2017 to 2018. Patients who received lidocaine in the 6 months prior to a lidocaine shortage were compared to those who did not receive lidocaine for 6 months following the shortage. The primary outcome measures were pain scores as measured on the visual analogue scale and opioid consumption as measured by oral morphine equivalents (OME). Results We identified 1227 consecutive ERP abdominal surgery patients for inclusion (519 patients receiving lidocaine and 708 patients not receiving lidocaine). Demographics between the two cohorts were similar, with the following exceptions: more females, and more patients with a history of psychiatric diagnoses in the group that did not receive lidocaine. Adjusted, mixed linear models for both OME ( P = .23) and pain scores ( P = .51) found no difference between the lidocaine and no lidocaine groups. Discussion In our study of ERP abdominal surgery patients, perioperative intravenous lidocaine did not offer improvement in postoperative pain scores or OME consumed. We therefore do not recommend the use of intravenous lidocaine as part of an ERP multimodal pain management strategy in abdominal surgery patients.
Effects of nebulized hypertonic saline on inflammatory mediators in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Beigmohammadi Mohammad-Taghi , Amoozadeh Laya , Naghibi Nikoosadat , Eslami Babak , Fattah Ghazi Samrand , Javaherian Mohammad , Khajeh-Azad Mohammad-Amin , Tabatabaei Bahram , Abdollahi Alireza , Nazar Elham 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: An exaggerated immune response is considered the most important aspect of COVID-19 pathogenesis. Hypertonic saline (HS) has shown promise in combating inflammation in several respiratory diseases. We investigated the effects of nebulized HS on clinical symptoms and inflammatory status in patients with severe novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pneumonia. Materials and Methods: We randomly assigned 60 adults admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to severe COVID-19 pneumonia to the experimental (received nebulized 5% saline) and control (received nebulized distilled water) groups. All interventions were applied 4 times daily for 5 days. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and other clinical factors from venous blood were evaluated before and after intervention application. Mortality rate, intubation rate, and durations of ICU and hospital stay were also compared between groups. Results: The levels of TNF-α (MD: −21.35 [−32.29, −10.40], P  =  0.000) and IL-6 (−9.94 [−18.86, −1.02], P  =  0.003) were lower in the experimental group compared to the control group after applying the interventions. The levels of white blood cell count, PO2, and serum sodium were also statistically significant differences between groups. However, we did not observe significant differences in terms of hospitalization durations and mortality rates. Conclusion: Nebulization of HS in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia appears to be effective in reducing inflammation, but does not appear to affect intubation rates, mortality, hospitalization, or length of stay in ICU.
Portraits of Life After Loss: Understanding Parental Loss Within A Social Context
Authors: Antony Tanya Ann , Kapoor Bhumika 
Published: October 2023

Parental loss at any age is a life transition that brings with it unprecedented changes. Encountering this loss in emerging adulthood can be especially challenging because of the many consequences characteristic of this stage of life. Existing research has excluded the experiences of young people grieving the death of a parent. Thus, the present study attempts to bridge this gap by focusing on the experiences of emerging adults dealing with parental loss with an emphasis on their journeys of coping with the loss, and how grief unfolded in a social context. In this exploratory research, four participants in the age range of 18–28 years were interviewed, and the data were subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three superordinate themes emerged from the data, namely, early days following the loss, changing relational realities, and coping in the context of the other. Limitations and implications of the study have been discussed.
My Tribute to Herb Gintis
Authors: Weisskopf Thomas E. 
Published: October 2023

This is a tribute to Professor Herbert Gintis, a highly original social scientist who passed away in January 2023. Professor Gintis—often together with his lifelong friend and colleague Professor Samuel Bowles—authored numerous pathbreaking articles and books that have contributed greatly to our understanding of human behavior under various social, political, and economic conditions. JEL Classification: B3, B5
Does Public Sentiment Impact Stock Price Movements? Evidence from India
Authors: Banerjee Aditya , Kundu Sayantan 
Published: October 2023

This study analyses the impact of a weighted measure of public sentiment about firms on their stock price movement using a sample of 5.4 million tweets from the official Twitter handles of the 437 largest Indian firms. This article contributes to the literature by finding that general public discussion about firms and the resulting sentiment impact firms’ stock price movement in India. Moreover, the impact is greater during trading hours than off-market hours due to immediate action by traders in the former. It is also found that negative public sentiment has a more significant impact than positive sentiment on returns and volatility. JEL Codes: G14, G40, G41
Multiomics Approach Reveal Novel Insights in FUS Driven Juvenile Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Family Quartet Analysis
Authors: Verma Sagar , Khurana Shiffali , Gourie-Devi Mandaville , Anand Ish , Vats Yuvraj , Singh Arpita , Jothiramajayam Manivannan , Kshetrapal Pallavi , Sharma Ankkita , Wajid Saima , Ganguly Nirmal Kumar , Chakraborti Pradip , Taneja Vibha 
Published: October 2023

Background Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (JALS) is a rare and severe form of motor neuron disease characterized by progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons with an early onset (<25 years). Purpose Due to complex etiology and clinical heterogeneity, it is indispensable to unravel molecular mechanisms underlying JALS pathology. The study aimed to identify disease-specific signatures in a 14-years-old sporadic JALS patient. Methods Genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analysis of proband and first-degree relatives (FDR). Results Exome sequencing identified a novel de novo frameshift variation (c.1465dupG: p.D490Gfs*26) in the fused in sarcoma (FUS) gene in proband. Interestingly, rare and potentially deleterious, disease-modifying variations in DDHD domain containing 1 (DDHD1) and fibrillin 2 (FBN2) were observed. Differentially expressed genes (DGEs) enriched in neuromuscular transmission and inflammatory response were identified by RNA-sequencing. In addition, alterations in purine and pyrimidine, vitamin B6, and sphingolipid metabolism reflect the involvement of inflammatory process in disease pathobiology. Conclusion Our findings suggest the involvement of multiple genetic factors coupled with hampered neuromuscular transmission and systemic inflammation in the onset and disease course of JALS.
Measuring the Unilateral Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity: Lateral Deviation of Subnasale Is a Clinical and Morphologic Index of Unrepaired Severity
Authors: Tse Raymond W. , Sitzman Thomas J. , Allori Alexander C. , Ettinger Russell E. , Fisher David M. , Bezuhly Michael , Samson Thomas D. , Beals Stephen P. , Matic Damir B. , Mercan Ezgi 
Published: October 2023

Objective Objective measurement of pre-operative severity is important to optimize evidence-based practices given that the wide spectrum of presentation likely influences outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of objective measures of form with a subjective standard of cleft severity. Design 3D images were ranked according to severity of nasal deformity by 7 cleft surgeons so that the mean rank could be used as the severity standard. Patients 45 patients with unilateral cleft lip and 5 normal control subjects. Interventions Each image was assessed using traditional anthropometric analysis, 3D landmark displacements, and shape-based analysis to produce 81 indices for each subject. Main Outcome The correlation of objective measurements with the clinical severity standard. Results Lateral deviation of subnasale from midline was the best predictor of severity (0.86). Other strongly-correlated anthropometric measurements included columellar angle, nostril width ratio, and lateral lip height ratio (0.72, 0.80, 0.79). Almost all shape-based measurements had tight correlation with the severity standard, however, dorsum deviation and point difference nasolabial symmetry were the most predictive (0.84, 0.82). Conclusions Quantitative measures of severity transcend cleft type and can be used to grade clinical severity. Lateral deviation of subnasale was the best measure of severity and may be used as a surrogate of uncoupled premaxillary growth; it should be recorded as an index of pre-operative severity with every cleft lip repair. The correlation of other measures evaluated clarify treatment priorities and could potentially be used to grade outcomes.
Neovascularization against autologous SLET donor grafts despite successful corneal epithelialization and graft adherence
Authors: Pan Warren , Nallasamy Nambi 
Published: October 2023

Purpose To report a case of neovascularization against autologous grafts after simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET) despite successful corneal epithelialization, as well as its subsequent regression without intervention. Methods A case report and review of the literature. Results A 52-year-old woman underwent uncomplicated autologous SLET for asymmetric limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) in the left eye. One month after the surgery, the patient had successful adherence of the graft and corneal epithelialization; however, new neovascularization developed in the left eye towards the graft sites. With only a slow taper of topical prednisolone acetate and polymyxin b/trimethoprim, the neovascularization regressed to ghost vessels over the following three months with improvement of her LSCD symptoms and increased clarity of her cornea. Conclusion The limbus does not enjoy relative immune privilege like other parts of the eye; therefore, autologous limbal stem cell transplantation (along with the minimal immune response generated) is valuable for restoration of the ocular surface. Here, we describe neovascularization against autologous donor grafts despite an otherwise uncomplicated surgery and expected epithelialization course. Inflammation-mediated angiogenesis likely initiated the neovascularization, suggesting that immune mediators of inflammation may be inadvertently part of the graft tissue in bilateral LSCD.