bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provenance and Clinical Benefit of Medicines Introduced to the French Market, 2008 to 2018
Authors: Osipenko Leeza , Potey Philippe , Perez Bernardo , Kupryjanczuk Alexandra , Angelov Filip , Schuster Alexandra , Mossialos Elias 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceBoth the commercial sector and academia play a vital role in medicine development. Ongoing debates exist on their contribution and the value of medicinal products entering the market.ObjectiveTo identify the provenance and clinical benefit of medicines that entered the French market between 2008 and 2018.Design and SettingIn this cross-sectional study, the provenance of each medicine in the French market was established via a review of multiple sources documenting at least 2 matching findings per product. The clinical benefit was assigned using the matched scale developed from the Prescrire and Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS) gradings. The χ2 test was used to analyze the proportions and frequencies of medicines graded by Prescrire and HAS by origin, therapeutic category, and clinical benefit.Main outcomes and measuresThe origins and therapeutic categories of medicines. Clinical benefit based on Prescrire and HAS grading. Concordance of Prescrire and HAS grading.ResultsOf the 632 medicines that entered the French market between 2008 and 2018, 464 originated (73%) in the commercial sector, and 168 originated (27%) in the academic setting or in collaboration with commercial enterprises. Prescrire graded psychotropic agents (13/14 [93%]), whereas HAS graded respiratory agents (24/25 [96%]) as the highest percentage of medicines that provided no added benefit. Prescrire graded 360 medicines (77.6%) that originated in the industry and 108 medicines (64.3%) that originated in the academic setting (P = .001) to have no added clinical benefit. HAS assigned such grading to 331 ([71.3%] industry) vs 104 ([61.9%] academia) (P = .02). Based on the Prescrire grading, academia invented more medicines delivering some added benefit 57 (33.9%) vs 98 (21.1%) invented by industry (P = .001). HAS grading on some added benefit 51 ([30.4%] academia) vs 121 ([26.1%] industry) did not reach statistical significance (P = .29). However, HAS grading on substantial added clinical benefit reached statistical significance in favor of academia (13 [7.7%] vs 12 [2.6%] in the industry; P = .003), whereas Prescrire grading did not (1.8% academia vs 1.3% industry; P = .64).Conclusions and RelevanceMore than 70% of medicines that entered the French market during the 10-year period originated in the commercial sector. Although most medicines were not graded as providing clinical benefit, medicines originating in the academic setting were more likely to be graded as conferring clinical benefit than those originating in the commercial setting.
Exploring the burden of mixed dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross‐sectional study in Kashmir, India
Authors: Lone Suhail Shafi , Majid Sabhiya , Bhat Mohammad Hayat , Wani Gulzar Ahmad 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes‐related dyslipidemia is a multifaceted, complicated disorder characterized by an abnormal lipid profile in individuals with diabetes. The incidence of different types of dyslipidemia, however, was not a focus of prior investigations. The patients were characterized into three categories of dyslipidemia. Different patterns of dyslipidemia were combined into single dyslipidemia (7 patterns), mixed dyslipidemia (16 patterns), and triple dyslipidemia (4 patterns).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 586 people suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were included. We assessed the serum lipid profile and used log (TG/HDL‐C) to determine the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). Dyslipidemia was examined as a categorical variable, and the findings were presented as percentages and numbers. To compare categorical variables, we either utilized Fisher exact tests or Chi square tests.ResultsThe study comprised of 586 T2DM patients, with 310 (52.9%) women and 276 (47.1%) men. Women have significantly higher hypertension (33.6%) as compared to men (23.2%). 18.94% (111) of patients were having coronary artery disease (CAD) history consisting of 12.28% (72) females and 6.66% (39) males, a difference which is statistically significant. 98.12% of total individuals had as a minimum of one lipid abnormality. 4.61% (27) of study subjects were having isolated dyslipidemia and 93.51% (548) had dual or triple pattern of dyslipidemia (mixed dyslipidemia). High AIP >0.24 (94.8%) was the most predominant trend of dyslipidemia. The dual combination of AIP (>0.24) and HDL (<50 mg/dL in Females and <40 mg/dL in Males) was found to be the most common pattern of mixed dyslipidemia (68.08%). The most prevalent trend of isolated dyslipidemia was found to be high AIP (>0.24), In patients with CAD history. Among the mixed dyslipidemia, the common pattern of dyslipidemia (71.17%) was the dual combination of high AIP (>0.24) and low HDL (<50 mg/dL women and <40 mg/dL males). The triple combination of TG (≥200 mg/dL) and HDL (<40 and <50 mg/dL) and LDL (≥100 mg/dL) was only found in females.ConclusionIn conclusion, dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in T2DM patients, with mixed dyslipidemia being the most common type observed in the community of Kashmir valley, India. High AIP was the most prevalent pattern in the current investigation.
Statistical analysis of the longitudinal fundamental movement skills data in the REACT project using the multilevel ordinal logistic model
Authors: Hedeker Donald , Pereira Sara , Garbeloto Fernando , Barreira Tiago V. , Garganta Rui , Farias Cláudio , Tani Go , Chaput Jean‐Philippe , Stodden David F. , Maia José , Katzmarzyk Peter T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe REACT project was designed around two main aims: (1) to assess children's growth and motor development after the COVID‐19 pandemic and (2) to follow their fundamental movement skills' developmental trajectories over 18 months using a novel technological device (Meu Educativo®) in their physical education classes. In this article, our goal is to describe statistical analysis of the longitudinal ordinal motor development data that was obtained from these children using the multilevel ordinal logistic model.MethodsLongitudinal ordinal data are often collected in studies on motor development. For example, children or adolescents might be rated as having poor, good, or excellent performance levels in fundamental movement skills, and such ratings may be obtained yearly over time to assess changes in fundamental movement skills levels of performance. However, such longitudinal ordinal data are often analyzed using either methods for continuous outcomes, or by dichotomizing the ordinal outcome and using methods for binary data. These approaches are not optimal, and so we describe in detail the use of the multilevel ordinal logistic model for analysis of such data from the REACT project. Our intent is to provide an accessible description and application of this model for analysis of ordinal motor development data.DiscussionOur analyses show both the between‐subjects and within‐subjects effects of age on motor development outcomes across three timepoints. The between‐subjects effect of age indicate that children that are older have higher motor development ratings, relative to thoese that are younger, whereas the within‐subject effect of age indicates higher motor development ratings as a child ages. It is the latter effect that is particularly of interest in longitudinal studies of motor development, and an important advantage of using the multilevel ordinal logistic model relative to more traditional methods.
Temporal fenestration in a Procolophon trigoniceps specimen (Procolophonoidea) from the Lower Triassic of Brazil
Authors: Pohlmann Karine , Cisneros Juan C. , Da‐Rosa Átila A. S. , Pinheiro Felipe L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe parareptiles diversified widely during the Permian and persisted in Pangean ecosystems until the end of the Triassic. However, most parareptiles succumbed to the Permian–Triassic extinction, leading to the exclusive survival of procolophonoids. Procolophonoidea stands out as one of the most diverse parareptile clades, with about 40 species across Pangean land masses. The Early Triassic species Procolophon trigoniceps is known from South Africa, Antarctica, and Brazil. The majority of cranial materials of this procolophonoid are described as anapsid in temporal morphology, however, some skulls discovered in South Africa were found to exhibit temporal fenestration. Once thought to have systematic significance for the genus Procolophon, temporal fenestration was lately proposed to be an anomalous or pathological feature in P. trigoniceps. In this study, we describe new cranial material of P. trigoniceps from the Sanga do Cabral Formation of Brazil that clearly displays temporal fenestration. Aside from the fenestra, the specimen closely resembles more complete Brazilian P. trigoniceps skulls. The recurrent presence of the feature and the varying morphologies exhibited by the temporal fenestrae of P. trigoniceps may substantiate its characterization as an anomalous trait within the species. Furthermore, the occurrence of temporal fenestration in P. trigoniceps specimens from both South America and South Africa underscores parallels between these two Early Triassic ecosystems.
Us and them! Consumer resistance as an act of antistate opposition in Iran
Authors: Rahmanian Emad 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate consumer resistance in an undemocratic country, exploring how consumers resist against an authoritarian regime through consumption. Sixteen in‐depth interviews were conducted, and the qualitative data were used to create a conceptual map. Results suggest that consumers interpret corporations' relations with the state in four different stages which are highly undesirable, resulting in resistance behaviors on a continuum ranging from a reduction in consumption to preventing others from consumption. This paper provides insights into how consumers conceptualize their goal, themselves, and their enemy in resistance against the state, manifested in anticonsumption behavior. The results help managers understand how consumers perceive their relationship with the state and how they formulate and regulate their resistance behavior. Additionally, it provides evidence that in undemocratic regimes, using official sources of information as an information channel might result in a backfire effect. This paper adds antistate resistance behavior to the literature and provides evidence that in undemocratic countries, the totality of the sovereign state replaces all other forms of adversaries in resistance behavior.
Arteriovenous malformation presenting as a lip swelling
Authors: Ariboyina Ashok Kumar , Tatli Ozgur , Goriparthi Lakshmi , Achanta Narendra , Thirumoothy Suresh Kumar , Turkmen Suha 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessageArteriovenous malformations (AVM) are extremely rare on the face and especially on the lip. Lip can be more easily exposed to traumas due to their anatomical location. Especially superficial AV malformations are very susceptible to trauma and can bleed very seriously after being exposed to such effects. AVMs management generally based on their hemodynamic characteristics and growth modalities. The surgical treatment requires elaborate planning and multidisciplinary approach. When evaluating a mass with a clinical manifestation of lip swelling, ruling out a vascular anomaly before any intervention is also crucial.AbstractArteriovenous malformations (AVM) are abnormal fistulas between an artery and a vein, without an intervening capillary bed. AVM may occur everywhere in the body, with the brain being of particular concern, as AVM can be complicated by bleeding. Herein, we present the case of a patient with a very atypical AVM location consisting of a lip mass. Given the possibility of hemorrhage and airway obstruction, early detection and timely intervention are mandatory.
Increasing risk of hepatocellular carcinoma with successive generations in the United States among Mexican American adults: The Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: Acuna Nicholas , Zhou Kali , Pinheiro Paulo S. , Cheng Iona , Shariff‐Marco Salma , Lim Tiffany , Wilkens Lynne R. , Le Marchand Loïc , Haiman Christopher A. , Setiawan Veronica Wendy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundUS‐born Latinos have a higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than foreign‐born Latinos. Acculturation to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and an immigrant self‐selection effect may play a role. In this study, the authors examined the influence of generational status on HCC risk among Mexican American adults.MethodsThe analytic cohort included 31,377 self‐reported Mexican Americans from the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC). Generational status was categorized as: first‐generation (Mexico‐born; n = 13,382), second‐generation (US‐born with one or two parents born in Mexico; n = 13,081), or third‐generation (US‐born with both parents born in the United States; n = 4914). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to examine the association between generational status and HCC incidence.ResultsIn total, 213 incident HCC cases were identified during an average follow‐up of 19.5 years. After adjusting for lifestyle and neighborhood‐level risk factors, second‐generation and third‐generation Mexican Americans had a 37% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98–1.92) and 66% (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.11–2.49) increased risk of HCC, respectively, compared with first‐generation Mexican Americans (p for trend = 0.012). The increased risk associated with generational status was mainly observed in males (second‐generation vs. first‐generation: HR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.05–2.44]; third‐generation vs. first‐generation: HR, 2.08 [95% CI, 1.29–3.37]).ConclusionsIncreasing generational status of Mexican Americans is associated with a higher risk of HCC. Further studies are needed to identify factors that contribute to this increased risk.
Fetal MRI‐Based Body and Adiposity Quantification for Small for Gestational Age Perinatal Risk Stratification
Authors: Rabinowich Aviad , Avisdris Netanell , Yehuda Bossmat , Zilberman Ayala , Graziani Tamir , Neeman Bar , Specktor‐Fadida Bella , Link‐Sourani Dafna , Wexler Yair , Herzlich Jacky , Krajden Haratz Karina , Joskowicz Leo , Ben Sira Liat , Hiersch Liran , Ben Bashat Dafna 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundSmall for gestational age (SGA) fetuses are at risk for perinatal adverse outcomes. Fetal body composition reflects the fetal nutrition status and hold promise as potential prognostic indicator. MRI quantification of fetal anthropometrics may enhance SGA risk stratification.HypothesisSmaller, leaner fetuses are malnourished and will experience unfavorable outcomes.Study TypeProspective.Population40 SGA fetuses, 26 (61.9%) females: 10/40 (25%) had obstetric interventions due to non‐reassuring fetal status (NRFS), and 17/40 (42.5%) experienced adverse neonatal events (CANO). Participants underwent MRI between gestational ages 30 + 2 and 37 + 2.Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, True Fast Imaging with Steady State Free Precession (TruFISP) and T1‐weighted two‐point Dixon (T1W Dixon) sequences.AssessmentTotal body volume (TBV), fat signal fraction (FSF), and the fat‐to‐body volumes ratio (FBVR) were extracted from TruFISP and T1W Dixon images, and computed from automatic fetal body and subcutaneous fat segmentations by deep learning. Subjects were followed until hospital discharge, and obstetric interventions and neonatal adverse events were recorded.Statistical TestsUnivariate and multivariate logistic regressions for the association between TBV, FBVR, and FSF and interventions for NRFS and CANO. Fisher's exact test was used to measure the association between sonographic FGR criteria and perinatal outcomes. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy were calculated. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsFBVR (odds ratio [OR] 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2–0.76) and FSF (OR 0.95, CI 0.91–0.99) were linked with NRFS interventions. Furthermore, TBV (OR 0.69, CI 0.56–0.86) and FSF (OR 0.96, CI 0.93–0.99) were linked to CANO. The FBVR sensitivity/specificity for obstetric interventions was 85.7%/87.5%, and the TBV sensitivity/specificity for CANO was 82.35%/86.4%. The sonographic criteria sensitivity/specificity for obstetric interventions was 100%/33.3% and insignificant for CANO (P = 0.145).Data ConclusionReduced TBV and FBVR may be associated with higher rates of obstetric interventions for NRFS and CANO.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 5
Firms' diverse market beliefs can facilitate information sharing and improve profit performance
Authors: Jiang Li , Hao Zhongyuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA supplier sells a product through a retailer to the market with uncertain demand. The retailer has a signal useful for updating the forecast of market uncertainty, while the supplier can offer a payment to acquire the retailer's signal, termed information sharing. Due to differential means of market access and methods of data analysis, the supplier and the retailer hold diverse beliefs about market conditions. A firm is more confident about market conditions as it perceives the market to be less uncertain. The supplier can be either aware or unaware of the retailer's market belief. In the former case, the supplier correctly predicts the retailer's belief‐based response and makes decision accordingly. In the latter case, the supplier infers the retailer's market belief from the retailer's decision about signal disclosure. We unveil the concrete circumstances where the supplier gains access to the retailer's signal, which would not occur when they held the same accurate market belief. Moreover, with the actual profit performance as the measure, the firms can benefit from holding diverse market beliefs, albeit not simultaneously. The supplier's knowledge of the retailer's market belief can facilitate information sharing but can have detrimental effects on the firms' actual profit performance. Given the opportunity, the retailer may report a market belief that is less confident than its real market belief in communicating with the supplier, which can deter information sharing but has intricate effects on the firms' profits.
Recurrent infection triggered encephalopathy syndrome in a pediatric patient with RANBP2 mutation and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Huo Feng , Wang Shuo , Fan Yimu , Wu Jie , Zhang Zhezhe , Liu Shuangjun , Wang Quan 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionAcute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE), a fatal subtype of infection‐triggered encephalopathy syndrome (ITES), can be triggered by many systemic infections. RANBP2 gene mutations were associated with recurrent ANE.Case presentationHere we report a 1‐year‐old girl with recurrent ITES and RANBP2 mutation. She was diagnosed with influenza‐associated encephalopathy and made a full recovery on the first episode. After severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, the patient presented with seizures and deteriorating mental status. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed necrotic lesions in bilateral thalami and pons. Methylprednisolone, immunoglobulin, and interleukin 6 inhibitors were administered. Her consciousness level was improved at discharge. Nineteen cases of 2019 coronavirus disease‐related ANE have been reported, of which 22.2% of patients died and 61.1% had neurologic disabilities. RANBP2 gene mutation was found in five patients, two of whom developed recurrent ITES.ConclusionPatients with RANBP2 mutations are at risk for recurrent ITES, may develop ANE, and have a poor prognosis after relapse.
Synthesis and chiroptical properties of β‐1,2‐linked glycopolymers prepared by click polymerization
Authors: Suzuki Misaki , Nakajima Noriyuki , Hamada Masahiro , Koyama Yasuhito 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article describes the design, synthesis, and folding behaviors of β‐1,2‐linked glycopolymers as a bioconjugate‐based foldamer. The synthesis of alkyne‐containing β‐glycosyl azides has been achieved via anomeric substitution using tetrabutylammonium azide (Bu4NN3) to 1,2‐anhydro sugar and subsequent esterification with 5‐hexynoic acid. Copper‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of the glycosyl azide leads to the formation of β‐1,2‐linked glycopolymer alternating 4‐triazolyl butanoate and tribenzylated d‐galactose (PolyGal) or d‐glucose unit (PolyGlu). The folding and chiroptical properties of the polymers are discussed through UV–vis and CD spectroscopy and anisotropic factors of CD (gCD) values. The results suggest that PolyGal would adopt a helically folded structure in ClCH2CH2Cl (DCE) or THF. Thermal stability of the folded structure of PolyGal in less polar DCE appears to increase compared with that in THF. It is found that the folded structure of PolyGal in THF denatures to a random coil above 40°C. It is indicated that PolyGlu can possibly form the helically folded structure in DCE and adopt a random coil structure at high temperature region. In polar THF, PolyGlu does not fold the conformation at all the observed temperature region. Such phenomena suggest a special role of stereochemistry at the 4 position on the folding behaviors.