bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrovirale Vektoren – Effiziente Gentaxis für unterschiedliche Gentherapien
Authors: Morgan Michael A. , Galla Melanie , Fehse Boris , Schambach Axel 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDie genetische Information, die als Bauplan für das menschliche Leben dient, ist in der chromosomalen DNA eines jeden Zellkerns und in der DNA unserer zellulären Kraftwerke, den Mitochondrien, gespeichert. Im menschlichen Körper ist die Expression der Gene gut reguliert und ihr orchestriertes Zusammenspiel erlaubt die Spezialisierung unserer Zellen und Gewebe. Gemäß dem Grundprinzip der Biologie wird während der Genexpression die genetische Information von der stabilen DNA-Form in eine transiente Informationsstruktur, die RNA, umgeschrieben. Es existiert eine Reihe unterschiedlicher Arten von RNA mit verschiedensten Funktionen in der Zelle. Insbesondere kann die sog. „messenger“ oder Boten-RNA (mRNA) in Proteine übersetzt werden, die den verschiedenen Zelltypen in unserem Körper ihre morphologischen, physiologischen und funktionellen Eigenschaften, den sog. Phänotyp, verleihen (siehe Abb. 3.1). Für die Steuerung der Genexpression sind bestimmte genetische Strukturen und Elemente erforderlich, die als Promotoren und Enhancer-Sequenzen bezeichnet werden. Mithilfe solcher Elemente ist es auch möglich, künstlich zu steuern, wie hoch oder niedrig ein Gen exprimiert wird, und auch ein Gen in bestimmten Zelltypen an- oder auszuschalten. Dieses Wissen über Genstruktur und -expression wird für medizinische Zwecke wie die Gentherapie genutzt.
Sleeping Beauty: Ein „springendes Gen“ für Anwendungen in der Gentechnik
Authors: Nurieva Wasifa , Sandoval-Villegas Nicolás , Ivics Zoltán 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff „Transposition“ stammt aus dem Lateinischen („transponere“) und bedeutet „versetzen“. Entsprechend handelt es sich bei Transposons um DNA-Abschnitte mit der Fähigkeit, ihre Position im Genom zu verändern. Solche mobilen genetischen Elemente kommen in verschiedenen Organismen vor und können eine hocheffiziente Integration ihrer Gene in das Genom ihrer Wirtszellen vermitteln. Als experimentelle Werkzeuge werden von Transposons abgeleitete DNA-Transfervehikel auf regulierte und leistungsstarke Weise für die stabile Einführung unterschiedlicher DNA-Sequenzen, z. B. selektierbarer Markergene und therapeutischer Genkonstrukte, in die Genome von Zielzellen genutzt. Transposons eröffnen somit mehrere Möglichkeiten für Genommodifikationen in Menschen und bei Tieren, Bakterien und Pflanzen. Als Beispiel sei die Erzeugung transgener Zellen in Gewebekulturen für verschiedene Forschungsziele genannt. Dieser Ansatz kann auch für die Herstellung pluripotenter Stammzellen und die Erzeugung von Tieren mit vererbbaren genetischen Veränderungen für die Grundlagen- sowie die angewandte Forschung und schließlich für die Therapie genetischer Erkrankungen beim Menschen eingesetzt werden. Da die Transposonkomponenten i. d. R. als nackte Nukleinsäuren (DNA und RNA) oder rekombinante Proteine vorliegen, ist ihre Verwendung einfach, sicher und z. B. im Vergleich mit viralen Vektoren wirtschaftlich konkurrenzfähig.
Genome-Editing – Gentherapie 2.0 oder nur eine Wunschvorstellung?
Authors: Fehse Boris , Grünewald Julian , Petri Karl 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Idee, vererbbare Krankheiten durch eine Korrektur der ihnen zugrunde liegenden genetischen Defekte zu behandeln oder ihren Ausbruch im Idealfall sogar zu verhindern, wurde seit Beginn der 1960er-Jahre diskutiert, u. a. in Arbeiten der beiden Nobelpreisträger Joshua Lederberg (Lederberg 1966) und Edward Tatum (Tatum 1966). Beide erwogen potenzielle Vor- und Nachteile sowohl der Keimbahnkorrektur als auch einer somatischen Gentherapie, also der Behandlung betroffener Körperzellen. Dabei gingen sie von der Vision einer exakten Korrektur der fehlerhaften Erbinformation aus – ein Ansatz, der später als Genomchirurgie bezeichnet wurde, während man heute eher von Genome-Editing spricht. Auch wenn es sich angesichts des Fehlens der technischen Möglichkeiten ihrer Umsetzung zunächst tatsächlich eher um eine theoretische Vision handelte, die nicht zuletzt aus philosophischer Sicht diskutiert wurde, war den Protagonisten bereits bewusst, dass sich durch die (schon damals rasante) Entwicklung der Molekularbiologie relativ bald die Möglichkeit ergeben würde, Gene gezielt zu modifizieren.
Getting Started with the GIANTS Editor
Authors: Brumbaugh Zander , Leithner Manuel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe GIANTS Editor is the main application you will use to create mods. In the editor, you can run scripts, preview and manipulate models, and stage your creations before publishing them to the ModHub. In this chapter, we will explore the features and tools of the GIANTS Editor. Familiarizing yourself with the interfaces that mod creators work with is the first step in the path to making your own.
The Lua Programming Language
Authors: Brumbaugh Zander , Leithner Manuel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe LUA language is a fast, procedural programming language used by the GIANTS Engine and many other applications. LUA was originally created in 1993 due to software trade barriers in Brazil, which prevented many from buying specialized software from outside the country. Because of this, the language was designed to be highly customizable with a simple API in the C programming language so that programmers could easily make changes to fit their needs.
Bayesian inference for form-factor fits regulated by unitarity and analyticity
Authors: Flynn J. M. , Jüttner A. , Tsang J. T. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We propose a model-independent framework for fitting hadronic form-factor data, which is often only available at discrete kinematical points, using parameterisations based on to unitarity and analyticity. In this novel approach the latter two properties of quantum-field theory regulate the ill-posed fitting problem and allow model-independent predictions over the entire physical range. Kinematical constraints, for example for the vector and scalar form factors in semileptonic meson decays, can be imposed exactly. The core formulae are straight-forward to implement with standard math libraries. We take account of a generalisation of the original Boyd Grinstein Lebed (BGL) unitarity constraint for form factors and demonstrate our method for the exclusive semileptonic decay Bs→ Kℓν, for which we make a number of phenomenologically relevant predictions, including the CKM matrix element |Vub|.
Gluon TMD fragmentation function into quarkonium
Authors: Echevarria Miguel G. , Romera Samuel F. , Scimemi Ignazio 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We compute the gluon transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation function (TMDFF) at next-to-leading order (NLO) into heavy quarkonium in the color-octet $$ {}^3{S}_1^{\left[8\right]} $$

S
1

8

3

channel, based on the NRQCD factorization approach. The spurious rapidity divergences are explicitly shown to cancel in a well-defined TMDFF, which incorporates the needed soft factor. We also compute the integrated gluon FF at NLO in the same $$ {}^3{S}_1^{\left[8\right]} $$

S
1

8

3

channel, and show that the matching coefficient of the TMDFF onto the FF at large transverse momentum is the expected one. These results are relevant to perform precise and sensible phenomenological studies of transverse-momentum spectra of quarkonium production, for which the production mechanism through fragmentation plays a relevant role, like in the future Electron-Ion Collider.
Triple-collinear splittings with massive particles
Authors: Dhani Prasanna K. , Rodrigo Germán , Sborlini German F. R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We analyze in detail the most singular behaviour of processes involving triple-collinear splittings with massive particles in the quasi-collinear limit, and present compact expressions for the splitting amplitudes and the corresponding splitting kernels at the squared-amplitude level. Our expressions fully agree with well-known triple-collinear splittings in the massless limit, which are used as a guide to achieve the final expressions. These results are important to quantify dominant mass effects in many observables, and constitute an essential ingredient of current high-precision computational frameworks for collider phenomenology.
Comparison between stapled hemorrhoidopexy and harmonic scalpel hemorrhoidectomy in the management of third- and fourth-degree piles: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Nada Mohamed Ali Mohamed , Awad Philobater Bahgat Adly , Kirollos Andrew Morcos Azmy , Abdelaziz Mostafa Mohamed , Mohamed Karim Mohamed Saad , Awad Kerolos Bahgat Adly , Hassan Basma Hussein Abdelaziz 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
This study compared the results of stapled hemorrhoidopexy (SH) and harmonic scalpel hemorrhoidectomy (HSH) in the management of grade III and grade IV piles regarding the time of the procedure, postoperative pain, patient satisfaction, wound infection, bleeding, incontinence, and recurrence within 1 year.

Patients and methods
This was a single-blind, prospective, randomized, controlled, single-center trial conducted from January to December 2022 that included 50 (68.75%) male and 20 (31.25%) female patients with third- and fourth-degree piles.

Results
The patients were divided into two groups of 35 patients each. Group I underwent SH and group II underwent HSH. The mean age of group I was 42.94 years and of group II, 42.20 years. The mean time of the procedure was 24.42 min ± 2.367 for SH and 31.48 min ± 2.21 for HSH. Postoperative pain in group I was lower than in group II during the first 2 weeks, but there was persistent mild pain in most patients in group I at the 2‑week follow-up. In group II there was significant improvement in pain after 2 weeks, with higher patient satisfaction. Wound infection was detected in 3 (5%) patients in group I and no patients in group II (p = 0.077). Postoperative bleeding occurred in 4 (11.4%) patients in group I in the form of spotting after defecation only during the first postoperative month; no bleeding was detected in group II (p = 0.039). There were 3 (15%) cases of flatus incontinence but after taking a detailed history these were found to be cases of urgency to defecate rather than incontinence. There were 7 (20%) cases of recurrence at the 1‑year follow-up in group I and 1 (2.9%) case in group II (p = 0.024).

Conclusion
Compared with SH, HSH was safer, easier, and associated with a lower incidence of recurrence after 1 year and with higher patient satisfaction.
Detection of saffron adulteration by other plant species using SPME-GC-HRMS
Authors: Filatova Maria , Hajslová Jana , Stupak Michal 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSaffron, a spice obtained by drying the scars of saffron flowers (Crocus sativus L.), is by far the most valuable spice in the world, and, not surprisingly, it often becomes an object of adulteration. In this study, non-target screening of volatile compounds in 38 authentic saffron samples and 25 samples of plant materials, potential saffron adulterants (safflower, calendula, capsicum and turmeric) was performed using headspace solid-phase microextraction for sample extraction followed by gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-HRMS) for non-target volatiles screening. The chemometric analysis of generated data by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminative analysis (PLS-DA) showed good separation of authentic saffron from potential plant adulterants. Significant compounds (‘markers’) for each group of these plants, as well as for saffron were tentatively identified. The target screening of selected ‘markers’ in model admixtures enabled simple and reliable detection levels as low as 2% w/w of safflower, calendula, capsicum or turmeric present in saffron.
Nitrous oxide emissions and N-cycling gene abundances in a drip-fertigated (surface versus subsurface) maize crop with different N sources
Authors: Guardia Guillermo , García-Gutiérrez Sandra , Vallejo Antonio , Ibáñez Miguel A. , Sanchez-Martin Laura , Montoya Mónica 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSurface drip fertigation has demonstrated promising results regarding the mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The use of subsurface irrigation may offer the possibility of reducing these emissions further due to the modification of the soil moisture profile and N allocation, both of which affect the biochemical processes leading to N2O fluxes. However, the mitigation potential of subsurface irrigation combined with different mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizers (ammonium or nitrate-based, use of nitrification inhibitors) still needs to be evaluated. To respond to this need, a 2-year field experiment was set up in central Spain to test two different drip-fertigation systems (surface and subsurface at 30 cm depth) and four N fertilization treatments (control, calcium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate with or without the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, DMPP) in an irrigated maize (Zea mays L.) crop. Nitrous oxide emissions, mineral N concentrations (ammonium, NH4+, and nitrate, NO3−), and abundance of key N genes involved in nitrification and denitrification processes were measured in two soil layers (0–20 and 20–40 cm). Regardless of the irrigation system, ammonium sulfate gave the highest cumulative N2O losses in both campaigns, while calcium nitrate and the use of DMPP were the most effective strategies to abate N2O fluxes in the first and second years, respectively. Differences between irrigation systems were not statistically significant for cumulative N2O emissions, despite the clear effect on topsoil mineral N (higher NH4+ and NO3− concentrations in surface and subsurface drip, respectively). Nitrous oxide emissions were positively correlated with soil NH4+ concentrations. Gene abundances were not a trustworthy predictor of N2O losses in the 1st year, although a clear inhibitory effect of fertilization on microbial communities (i.e., ammonia oxidizers, nitrite reducers, and N2O reducers) was observed during this campaign. During the second year, nitrifying and denitrifying genes were affected by irrigation (with higher abundances in the 20–40 cm layer in subsurface than in surface drip) and by the addition of DMPP (which had a detrimental effect on gene abundances in both irrigation systems that disappeared after the fertigation period). In conclusion, the use of DMPP or calcium nitrate instead of ammonium sulfate may enhance the chances for an additional mitigation in both surface and subsurface irrigation systems.
A comparative evaluation of the sniffing, the simple head extension and the head hyperextension positions for laryngoscopic view and intubation difficulty in adults undergoing direct laryngoscopy
Authors: Hadhoud Y. H. , Baraka Mohamed A. , Saleh Mohamed , Refaat Ahmed M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective
This work aimed to compare between the laryngoscopy positions; sniffing, simple head extension and head hyperextension positions to assess whether the laryngeal view, intubation time and intubation difficulty could improve with one of these positions than the others.

Design
Prospective randomized three arms clinical trial.

Setting
Operation room, the phoniatrics unit [removed for blind peer review].

Participants
The study included 75 cases with 25 cases in each group. Group "A" with head in the sniffing position, Group "B" with the head in simple extension position, Group "C" with head in hyperextension position.

Results
The three groups were compared regarding intubation time and laryngoscopic view time. Intubation time showed statistically significant difference between the three groups. Mean of sniffing group (No. = 25) was 13.19 s (± 3.35). Mean of simple extension group (No. = 25) was 11.29 s (± 3.14). Mean of Hyperextension group (No. = 25) was 14.39 s (± 4.14). Laryngoscopic view time showed statistically highly significant difference between the three groups. Mean of sniffing group (No. = 25) was 17.19 s (± 7.27). Mean of simple group (No. = 25) was 12.18 s (± 4.46). Mean of hyperextension group (No. = 25) was 17.08 s (± 6.51).

Conclusion
Comparing the sniffing, the simple extension and the hyperextension positions, the simple extension position showed the best time regarding intubation time and laryngoscopic view time.
COVID-19 classification based on a deep learning and machine learning fusion technique using chest CT images
Authors: Salama Gerges M. , Mohamed Asmaa , Abd-Ellah Mahmoud Khaled 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease (COVID-19), impacted by SARS-CoV-2, is one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. COVID-19 broke out in the world over the last 2 years and has caused many injuries and killed persons. Computer-aided diagnosis has become a necessary tool to prevent the spreading of this virus. Detecting COVID-19 at an early stage is essential to reduce the mortality risk of patients. Researchers seek to find rapid solutions based on techniques of Machine Learning and Deep Learning. In this paper, we introduced a hybrid model for COVID-19 detection based on machine learning and deep learning models. We used 10 different deep CNN network models to extract features from CT images. We extract features from different layers in each network and find the optimum layer that gives the best-extracted features for each CNN network. Then, for classifying these features, we used five different classifiers based on machine learning. The dataset consists of 2481 CT images divided into COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 categories. Three folds are extracted with a different size between testing and training. Through experiments, we define the best layer for all used CNN networks, the best network, and the best-used classifier. The measured performance shows the superiority of the proposed system over the literature with a highest accuracy of 99.39%. Our models are tested with the three folds that gained maximum average accuracy. The result is 98.69%.
Kompetenzen in Psychotherapeutischer Medizin und Psychotherapie erwerben
Authors: Löffler-Stastka Henriette , Finger-Ossinger Margarete , Meischl Tobias 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungPsychisch Erkrankte werden von Psychotherapeut:innen sowie Ärzt:innen und Fachärzt:innen mit einer Ausbildung in psychotherapeutischer Medizin behandelt. Die entsprechende Ausbildung sieht ein Training sowohl intuitiven als auch analytischen Denkens vor. In kontinuierlicher fallorientierter Arbeit werden die Fähigkeiten zu komplexem, vernetztem Denken vermittelt, die es benötigt, um Patient:innen einen Weg ins Behandlungsnetz zu vermitteln, forschungsbasiert adäquat zu behandeln, Therapieadhärenz zu etablieren und zu halten. Die Ausbildungswege sind mit ihren unterschiedlichen Wegen in der beruflichen Sozialisation dargestellt, die didaktischen Elemente herausgearbeitet und auf Basis lerntheoretischer Überlegungen diskutiert.
Clinical, oral immunological and microbiological shifts during and after pregnancy
Authors: Meriç Pınar , Silbereisen Angelika , Emingil Gülnur , Öztürk Veli-Özgen , Bostanci Nagihan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Physiological changes and shifts in the oral microbiota composition during pregnancy may affect the maternal immune system. Uncomplicated pregnancy is associated with a T-helper (Th) 2 predominant cytokine regulation (anti-inflammatory), while oral health deterioration during pregnancy is reflected by severe gingival inflammation, a primarily Th1 cytokine phenotype (pro-inflammatory), and oral microbiome alterations. This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate Th cytokine shifts and changes in the oral microbiota composition in saliva of women before and after birth.

Material and methods
Saliva (n = 96) was collected before and 6 months after birth, and medical, oral health, and periodontal status were assessed. In a multiplex immunoassay, 10 cytokines were simultaneously analyzed and cumulative Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels and Th1/Th2 ratio were calculated for all groups. Putative periodontal pathogens (n = 6) were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results
Th2 cytokine levels were significantly lower (p = 0.014) while pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly higher (p < 0.01) during pregnancy than postpartum. Similar Th1 levels were found between the groups (p = 0.143). Th1 and Th2 cytokines positively correlated with periodontal parameters (p < 0.001) and levels of studied bacteria during pregnancy (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
This study identified a significantly increased Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio during pregnancy and a positive association with putative periodontal pathogens. This immunological and microbiological deregulation in the oral milieu during pregnancy is suggestive of a destructive inflammatory periodontal profile.

Study registration
Clinical Trials.gov (Record BAP-2015).

Clinical relevance
Understanding altered oral immunological and microbiological regulation patterns during pregnancy may help improve the inflammatory periodontal profile in pregnant women.
Targeted proteomics in a population-based study identifies serum PECAM-1 and TRIM21 as inflammation markers for periodontitis
Authors: Reckelkamm Stefan Lars , Kamińska Inga , Baumeister Sebastian-Edgar , Ponce-de-Leon Mariana , Ehmke Benjamin , Rodakowska Ewa , Baginska Joanna , Nolde Michael , Kamiński Karol Adam 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Periodontitis (PD) can cause systematic inflammation and is associated with various metabolic processes in the body. However, robust serum markers for these relationships are still lacking. This study aims to identify novel circulating inflammation-related proteins associated with PD using targeted proteomics.

Materials and methods
We used population-based, cross-sectional data from 619 participants of the Polish Longitudinal University Study (Bialystok PLUS). Mean pocket probing depth (mPPD) and proportion of bleeding on probing (pBOP) served as exposure variables. Fifty-two inflammation-related proteins were measured using the Olink Target 96 Cardiovascular III and the Olink Target 96 Immune Response panels. Associations between periodontal measures and proteins were tested using covariate-adjusted linear regression models.

Results
At a false discovery rate of < 0.05, we identified associations of mPPD and pBOP with platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and tripartite motif–containing protein 21 (TRIM21).

Conclusion
This study revealed novel associations between PD and serum levels of PECAM-1 and TRIM21. Our results suggest that these proteins might be affected by molecular processes that take place in the inflamed periodontium.

Clinical relevance
Novel associations of PECAM-1 and TRIM21 with PD indicate promising serum markers for understanding the disease’s pathophysiological processes and call for further biomedical investigations.