bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The patient's perspective on radiation for rectal cancer: Initial expectations versus actual experience
Authors: Chaballout Basil H. , Chang Eric M. , Shaverdian Narek , Lee Percy P. , Beron Phillip J. , Steinberg Michael L. , Raldow Ann C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare patient perceptions of radiotherapy (RT) before and after treatment to better inform future patients and providers.MethodsSeventy‐eight consecutive patients with rectal adenocarcinoma treated with neo‐ or adjuvant chemoradiation, surgical resection, and adjuvant chemotherapy from 2009 to 2018 and who were without recurrence were included. Patients were surveyed ≥6 months after ileostomy reversal or ≥3 months after adjuvant chemotherapy. The survey assessed patients' baseline knowledge and fears of RT, how their short‐ and long‐term side effects compared with initial expectations, and how their experiences compared for each modality (RT, surgery, and chemotherapy).ResultsForty patient‐responses were received. Before treatment, 70% of patients indicated little to no knowledge of RT, though 43% reported hearing frightening stories about RT. The most commonly top‐ranked fears included organ damage (26%), skin burns (14%), and inability to carry out normal daily activities (10%). Eighty percent reported short‐term effects of RT to be less than or as expected, with urinary changes (93%), abdominal discomfort (90%), and anxiety (88%) most commonly rated as less than or as expected. 85% reported long‐term effects to be less than or as expected, with pain (95%), changes to the appearance of the treated area (85%), and dissatisfaction with body image (80%) most commonly rated as less than or as expected. Surgery was most commonly rated as the most difficult treatment (50%) and most responsible for long‐term effects (55%). RT was least commonly rated as the most difficult treatment (13%), and chemotherapy was least commonly rated as most responsible for long‐term effects (13%).ConclusionsThe majority of patients indicated short‐ and long‐term side effects of RT for rectal cancer to be better than initial expectations. In the context of trimodality therapy, patients reported RT to be the least difficult of the treatments.
Pulmonary lymphangitis carcinomatosis: A peculiar presentation clustering in MET‐amplified gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhening , Yu Yiyi , Xie Tong , Qi Changsong , Zhang Xiaotian , Shen Lin , Peng Zhi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe clinicopathological features of MET‐amplified gastric cancer (GC) and real‐world data on the efficacy of MET‐targeted therapies remain unknown. Pulmonary lymphangitis carcinomatosis (PLC) is a peculiar manifestation of GC, whose management has not been thoroughly described.MethodsThis study analyzed patients diagnosed with MET‐amplified GC or GC with PLC at any time point of the disease course from 2011 to 2021 in two centers. Clinicopathological features and survival outcomes of MET‐amplified GC were analyzed. The clinical and molecular implications of GC with PLC were discussed.ResultsFifty‐eight patients with MET‐amplified GC and 20 patients with GC accompanied by PLC were finally enrolled for analysis (including 13 overlapped patients). GC with PLC was more common in female patients (p = 0.010), diagnosed at a younger age (p = 0.002), presented with a higher baseline ECOG PS (p = 0.016), and was more likely to develop lung metastasis (p < 0.001), and serous effusion (p = 0.026) than GC without PLC. Patients with primary MET‐amplified GC had a worse prognosis than those with secondary MET‐amplified GC (p = 0.005). The application of anti‐MET therapy was associated with numerically prolonged survival, but the association was not statistically significant (p = 0.07). MET amplification was concentrated in patients with PLC, in which anti‐MET therapies elicited a high response rate.ConclusionsMET‐targeted therapies are efficacious in real‐world populations with MET‐amplified GC. Patients with PLC have distinct clinical and molecular features and might benefit from MET‐targeted therapies.
Investigation of Anticholinesterase Activity of Chemically Characterised Hieracium s. str. Methanol Extracts and Their Selected Metabolites
Authors: Milutinović Violeta , Petrović Predrag , Petković Miloš , Klaus Anita , Ušjak Ljuboš , Niketić Marjan , Petrović Silvana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe composition and anticholinesterase activity of the dried MeOH extracts of Hieracium scheppigianum and H. naegelianum underground parts (rhizomes and roots), as well as the anticholinesterase activity of the dried, previously chemically characterised MeOH extracts of the flowering aerial parts of these two and 26 other Hieracium species in the strict sense (s. str.), were investigated. Furthermore, the anticholinesterase activity of 12 selected secondary metabolites of these extracts was evaluated. Using semi‐preparative LC‐MS, five caffeoylquinic acids and the sesquiterpene lactone crepiside E were isolated from H. scheppigianum underground parts extract. All these compounds were also identified in the underground parts extract of H. naegelianum. Quantitative LC‐MS analysis showed that the analysed underground parts extracts were rich in both caffeoylquinic acids (139.77 and 156.62 mg/g of extract, respectively) and crepiside E (126.88 and 116.58 mg/g). In the Ellman method, the tested extracts showed an interesting anti‐AChE and/or anti‐BChE activity (IC50=0.56–1.58 mg/mL), which can be explained, at least partially, by the presence of some of their constituents. Among the metabolites tested, the best activity was revealed for the flavonoids apigenin, luteolin and diosmetin, and the sesquiterpene lactone 8‐epiixerisamine A (IC50=68.09–299.37 μM).
Wet‐Oxidative Desulfurization as a Flexible and Greener Way for H2S Removal from Acid Gases
Authors: Wurm Julian , Thielert Holger , von Morstein Olaf , Repke Jens-Uwe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn wet‐oxidative gas desulfurization processes, absorbed H2S is directly converted to sulfur by a redox catalyst dissolved in a circulating scrubbing solution. High flexibility is achieved through the availability of different catalyst classes. In this work, a process based on the Takahax process was investigated in a pilot plant under industrially relevant conditions with coke oven gas. A stable plant operation without sulfur precipitation was achieved by a suitable choice of the operating conditions. The solid‐free operating window was determined and a sulfur redissolution strategy developed.
Tau and the hard problem faceoff
Authors: Kosik Kenneth S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTau has attracted the attention of fundamental cell biologists for its control over microtubules and Alzheimer biologists for its tendency to form pathological inclusions. While an extensive and insightful literature exists on the tauopathies and vulnerable cell populations, we should acknowledge that a core problem remains—how the individually variable experience of dementia is embodied, how it is felt.
Optimal regularity for supercritical parabolic obstacle problems
Authors: Ros‐Oton Xavier , Torres‐Latorre Clara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe study the obstacle problem for parabolic operators of the type , where L is an elliptic integro‐differential operator of order 2s, such as , in the supercritical regime . The best result in this context was due to Caffarelli and Figalli, who established the regularity of solutions for the case , the same regularity as in the elliptic setting.Here we prove for the first time that solutions are actually more regular than in the elliptic case. More precisely, we show that they are C1, 1 in space and time, and that this is optimal. We also deduce the regularity of the free boundary. Moreover, at all free boundary points , we establish the following expansion:
with , and .
A fault diagnosis method for active power factor correction power supply based on seagull algorithm optimized kernel‐based extreme learning machine
Authors: Tang Shengxue , Wang Hongfan , Wang Weiwei , Liu Chenglong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo address the issue of diagnosing hard and soft faults in active power factor correction (APFC) power supply, this study analyzes failure modes resulting from aging and malfunction of various sensitive components. The power fault waveform patterns are initially analyzed based on the circuit's THD, current ripple value, and RMS value. The inductor current signals in different fault modes are then utilized to extract and construct time–frequency fusion fault features of the APFC power supply. Finally, these feature quantities are downscaled and optimized using the RF algorithm. The SOA‐KELM model of the APFC converter is proposed, and the feature vectors under different fault modes are used to classify and diagnose faults, achieving hard and soft fault detection of the converter. The experiments show that the method achieves 100% accuracy for hard fault diagnosis and 96.36% accuracy for soft fault diagnosis of the converter, demonstrating high diagnostic accuracy.
Dopaminergic regulation of inflammation and immunity in Parkinson's disease: friend or foe?
Authors: Furgiuele Alessia , Pereira Frederico C , Martini Stefano , Marino Franca , Cosentino Marco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting 7–10 million people worldwide. Currently, there is no treatment available to prevent or delay PD progression, partially due to the limited understanding of the pathological events which lead to the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in the brain, which is known to be the cause of PD symptoms. The current available treatments aim at compensating dopamine (DA) deficiency in the brain using its precursor levodopa, dopaminergic agonists and some indirect dopaminergic agents. The immune system is emerging as a critical player in PD. Therefore, immune‐based approaches have recently been proposed to be used as potential antiparkinsonian agents. It has been well‐known that dopaminergic pathways play a significant role in regulating immune responses in the brain. Although dopaminergic agents are the primary antiparkinsonian treatments, their immune regulatory effect has yet to be fully understood. The present review summarises the current available evidence of the immune regulatory effects of DA and its mimics and discusses dopaminergic agents as antiparkinsonian drugs. Based on the current understanding of their involvement in the regulation of neuroinflammation in PD, we propose that targeting immune pathways involved in PD pathology could offer a better treatment outcome for PD patients.
OMIP‐096: A 24‐color flow cytometry panel to identify and characterize CD4+ and CD8+ tissue‐resident T cells in human skin, intestinal, and type II mucosal tissue
Authors: O'Neil Thomas R. , Harman Andrew N. , Cunningham Anthony L. , Nasr Najla , Bertram Kirstie M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere is a great need to understand human immune cells within tissue, where disease manifests and infection occurs. Tissue‐resident memory T cells (TRMs) were discovered over a decade ago, there is a great need to understand their role in human disease. We developed a 24‐color flow cytometry panel to comprehensively interrogate CD4+ and CD8+ TRMs isolated from human tissues. When interrogating cells within human tissue, enzymatic methods used to liberate cells from within the tissue can cause cleavage of cell surface markers needed to phenotype these cells. Here we carefully select antibody clones and evaluate the effect of enzymatic digestion on the expression of markers relevant to the identification of T cell residency, as well as markers relevant to the activation and immunoregulation status of these cells. We have designed this panel to be applicable across a range of human tissues including skin, intestine, and type II mucosae such as the vagina.
Stress redistribution in a multilayer chamber for compressed air energy storage in abandoned coalmine: Elastic analytical insights and material choice
Authors: Sun Rui , Wang Jianguo , Zhang Kai , Li Fuqing , Ding Xiaolei , Guo Qinghua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCompressed air energy storage (CAES) is attracting attention as one of large‐scale renewable energy storage systems. Its gas storage chamber is one of key components for its success. A successful utilization of an abandoned coalmine roadway depends on the stability of the gas storage chamber. The chamber is a multilayer structure and the redistribution of the stress and displacement in each layer is critical to the chamber stability. So far, this redistribution mechanism under any lateral pressure coefficient and internal air pressure has been unclear and thus a quick and easy evaluation on the CAES chamber stability becomes difficult. In this study, the redistributions of stress and displacement in each layer are analytically solved based on complex variable function theory. First, the stress and displacement in three CAES multilayer structures are obtained under any lateral pressure coefficient and internal air pressure. Then, a comprehensive parameter b1 is obtained to describe the redistribution of stress and displacement in rock mass, lining layer, and grout layer. Its linkage with lateral pressure coefficient, internal air pressure, and material properties is analytically expressed. Thirdly, an analytical expression is obtained for the influence range of internal air pressure on chamber stress. Finally, the role and selection of lining and grouting layers are explored at different lateral pressure coefficient and internal air pressure. It is found that the CAES chamber stability can be effectively and quickly evaluated by these analytical solutions and comprehensive parameters and enhanced by a material with low bulk modulus but high shear modulus.
The abstraction of potentially zoonotic SARS‐like coronavirus (BtSY2): A threat to global health
Authors: Agrawal Vibhor , Khulbe Yashita , Jaiswal Vikash , Paudel Kusum 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article highlights the discovery of a new virus lurking in bats in Yunnan province of China. The virus shows phylogenetic and genomic similarity to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus, which was the cause of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The virus, named Bat SARS‐like virus BtSY2, along with four other viruses, has been named a “virus of concern.” Recombination events in the viral genome due to coinfection by multiple viruses in related animal hosts can lead to disease emergence, a process that has repeated itself innumerable times throughout history and has given rise to some major viral pandemics. Zoonotic infections, if not contained at the right time, can cause significant harm to the public health sector as well as the global economy. Studies like this are required to acquire a good understanding of the phylogeny of the virus, mechanisms of its transmission, carriers, probable clinical picture, and similarity to previous outbreaks. This will help to devise preventive strategies and, in case of higher probability and hazardous potential of the disease, develop prototype vaccines and drugs to face the outbreak with adequate preparedness.
ATF3 regulates SPHK1 in cardiomyocyte injury via endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Chen Huiling , Luo Suxin , Chen Huamei , Zhang Cong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is common in different human pathologies, including cardiac diseases. Sphingosine kinase‐1 (SPHK1) represents an important player in cardiac growth and function. Nevertheless, its function in cardiomyocyte ER stress remains vague. This study sought to evaluate the mechanism through which SPHK1 might influence ER stress during myocardial infarction (MI).MethodsMI‐related GEO data sets were queried to screen differentially expressed genes. Murine HL‐1 cells exposed to oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) and mice with MI were induced, followed by gene expression manipulation using short hairpin RNAs and overexpression vectors. The activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and SPHK1 expression was examined in cells and tissues. Cell counting kit‐8, TUNEL, DHE, HE, and Masson's staining were conducted in vitro and in vivo. The inflammatory factor concentrations in mouse serum were measured using ELISA. Finally, the transcriptional regulation of SPHK1 by ATF3 was validated.ResultsATF3 and SPHK1 were upregulated in vivo and in vitro. ATF3 downregulation reduced the SPHK1 transcription. ATF3 and SPHK1 downregulation increased the viability of OGD‐treated HL‐1 cells and decreased apoptosis, oxidative stress, and ER stress. ATF3 and SPHK1 downregulation narrowed the infarction area and attenuated myocardial fibrosis in mice, along with reduced inflammation in the serum and ER stress in the myocardium. In contrast, SPHK1 reduced the protective effect of ATF3 downregulation in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsATF3 downregulation reduced SPHK1 expression to attenuate cardiomyocyte injury in MI.
Conservative re‐treatment of women with atypical endometrial hyperplasia and early endometrial carcinoma: We can hope, at least
Authors: Raffone Antonio , Raimondo Diego , Rovero Giulia , Travaglino Antonio , Lopez Giovanni , Di Maio Carlo Michele , Neola Daniele , Raspollini Arianna , Renzulli Federica , Filippelli Amelia , Casadio Paolo , Seracchioli Renato , Guida Maurizio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn women with recurrent disease who were conservatively treated for atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and early endometrial carcinoma (EEC), the reasons why conservative treatment was chosen persist and outcomes of performing a conservative re‐treatment are unclear, as pooled estimates on oncologic outcomes of such a re‐treatment are lacking.ObjectivesTo provide pooled estimates of oncologic outcomes of conservative re‐treatment in women with recurrent AEH or EC.Search StrategyA systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed by searching six electronic databases from their inception to March 2022.Selection CriteriaStudies that allowed extraction of data about oncologic outcomes of conservative re‐treatment of women with recurrent AEH and EEC after a conservative treatment.Data Collection and AnalysisPooled prevalence of complete response (CR), poor response (PR), and recurrence after conservative re‐treatment was calculated.Main ResultsFifteen studies (12 retrospective and 3 prospective) with 492 women (42.1% AEH and 57.9% EEC) were included in the systematic review, and 10 studies (8 retrospective and 2 prospective) were suitable for the meta‐analysis. Pooled prevalence was 85.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 77.0%–91.0%) for CR, 14.7% (95% CI 9.0%–23.0%) for PR, and 40.4% (95% CI 15.5%–71.4%) for recurrence.ConclusionsConservative re‐treatment in AEH or EC recurrent women has a high CR rate and acceptable recurrence rate that might allow it to be considered a safe and viable option, at least as a first round of conservative treatment. Women with an unsatisfied desire for motherhood or with high surgical risk might avoid hysterectomy and attempt childbearing or spare high‐risk surgery.
A case of adrenal lymphangioma successfully treated with laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy
Authors: Iijima Heisuke , Noda Taisho , Uchida Kosuke , Hakamata Yasuhiro , Fujisaki Akira , Imai Shin , Otsuki Yoshiro , Yoneda Tatsuaki 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionAdrenal lymphangioma is a rare benign tumor of lymphatic origin, usually incidentally detected from various imaging studies taken for an unrelated purpose. We present a case of a right adrenal lymphangioma treated successfully with surgical intervention.Case presentationA 36‐year‐old previously healthy woman was referred to our urology department for a right adrenal mass, discovered during a routine health checkup. The tumor had no endocrinological activity, and the patient opted for surgical resection following a concern for malignancy. A laparoscopic right partial adrenalectomy was performed, and on histological examination, the tumor was diagnosed as right adrenal lymphangioma.ConclusionAdrenal lymphangiomas lack disease specific radiological characteristics that allow for a definitive diagnosis from imaging alone. To rule out tumors of potentially malignant nature, surgical intervention should be considered.
The repeated administration of rhIL‐12 for 14 weeks in rhesus monkeys: A toxicity assessment
Authors: Ding Huiqin , Qin Huan , Wang Jiangang , Dong Yansheng , Wang Quanjun , Han Yantao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInterleukin‐12 (IL‐12) is known to exert antitumor immune effects by promoting the activation and proliferation of T cells and NK cells within the immune system. However, clinical trials have observed systemic toxicity associated with the administration of IL‐12. This has shelved development plans for its use as a cancer therapeutic drug. Therefore, it is critical that we perform a systematic evaluation of the toxicity and safety of repeated IL‐12 administration. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the toxicity and safety of repeated rhIL‐12 (recombinant human interleukin‐12) administration in rhesus monkeys by assessing its effects on the immune system, organ function, and vital signs. Rhesus monkeys were subcutaneously injected with 0.5, 2.5, and 12.5 μg/kg of rhIL‐12 for up to for 14 consecutive weeks. The low dose exhibited no signs of toxicity, whereas animals receiving higher doses displayed symptoms such as loose stools, reduced activity, anemia, and elevated liver function indicators (AST and TBIL). Following three administrations of 12.5 μg/kg, high dosing was adjusted to 7.5 μg/kg due to manifestations of symptoms like loose stools, decreased activity, and huddling in the cage. Furthermore, rhesus monkeys exhibited marked immunogenic responses to recombinant human interleukin‐12 (rhIL‐12). However, based on overall study findings, the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for the subcutaneous injection of rhIL‐12, when repeatedly administered for 3 months in rhesus monkeys, was considered to be 0.5 μg/kg. The Highest Non‐Severely Toxic Dose (HNSTD) was considered to be 7.5 μg/kg.
High‐accuracy optical coherence elastography digital volume correlation methods to measure depth regions with low correlation
Authors: Lin Xianglong , Chen Jinlong , Sun Cuiru 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe decreasing correlation of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images with depth is an unavoidable problem for the depth measurement of the digital volume correlation (DVC) based optical coherence elastography (OCE) method. We propose an OCE‐DVC method to characterize biological tissue deformation in deeper regions. The method proposes a strategy based on reliability layer guided displacement tracking to achieve the OCE‐DVC method for the deformation measurement in deep regions of OCT images. Parallel computing solves the computational burden associated with the OCE‐DVC method. The layer‐by‐layer adaptive data reading methods are used to guarantee the parallel computing of high‐resolution OCT images. The proposed method shown in this study nearly doubles the depth of quantitative characterization of displacement and strain. At this depth, the standard deviation of displacement and strain measurements is reduced by nearly 78%. Under nonuniform deformation field, OCE‐DVC method tracked the displacement with large strain gradient in depth region.