bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogenation of silicon-nanocrystals-embedded silicon oxide passivating contacts
Authors: Matsumi Masashi , Gotoh Kazuhiro , Wilde Markus , Kurokawa Yasuyoshi , Fukutani Katsuyuki , Usami Noritaka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We investigate the effect of hydrogen passivation of dangling bonds in silicon oxide passivating contacts with embedded silicon nanocrystals (NAnocrystalline Transport path in Ultra-thin dielectrics for REinforced passivation contact, NATURE contact). We first investigated the differences in electrical properties of the samples after hydrogen gas annealing and hydrogen plasma treatment (HPT). The results show that the NATURE contact was efficiently passivated by hydrogen after HPT owing to the introduction of hydrogen radicals into the structure. Furthermore, we examined the dependence of process parameters such as HPT temperature, duration, and H2 pressure, on the electrical properties and hydrogen depth profiles. As a result, HPT at 500 °C, 15 min, and 0.5 Torr resulted in a large amount of hydrogen inside the NATURE contact and the highest implied open-circuit voltage of 724 mV. Contact resistivity and surface roughness hardly increased when HPT was performed under the optimized condition, which only improved the passivation performance without deteriorating the electron transport properties of the NATURE contact.
Automatic stent struts detection in optical coherence tomography based on a multiple attention convolutional model
Authors: Han Tingting , Xia Wei , Tao Kuiyuan , Wang Wei , Gao Jing , Ding Xiaoming , Zhong Hongmei , Liu Ruqian , Dou Shuwei , Liu Zixu , Kuang Hao , Hua Jiarui , Xu Keyong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective. Intravascular optical coherence tomography is a useful tool to assess stent adherence and dilation, thus guiding percutaneous coronary intervention and minimizing the risk of surgery. However, each pull-back OCT images may contain thousands of stent struts, which are tiny and dense, making manual stent labeling slow and costly for medical resources. Approach. This paper proposed a multiple attention convolutional model for automatic stent struts detection of OCT images. Multiple attention mechanisms were utilized to strengthen the feature extraction and feature fusion capabilities. In addition, to precisely detect tiny stent struts, the model integrated multiple anchor frames to predict targets in the output. Main results. The model was trained in 4625 frames OCT images of 37 patients and tested in 1156 frames OCT images of 9 patients, and achieved a precision of 0.9790 and a recall of 0.9541, which were significantly better than mainstream convolutional models. In terms of detection speed, the model achieved 25.2 ms per image. OCT images from different collection systems, collection times, and challenging scenarios were experimentally tested, and the model demonstrated stable robustness, achieving precision and recall higher than 0.9630. Meanwhile, clear 3D construction of the stent was achieved. Significance. In conclusion, the proposed model solves the problems of slow manual analysis and occupying a large amount of medical manpower resources. It enhances the detection efficiency of tiny and dense stent struts, thus facilitating the application of OCT quantitative analysis in real clinical scenarios.
A novel 650 V snapback-free PMOS-RC-SJBT with low switching and reverse recovery losses
Authors: Yang Yuanzhen , Li Luping , Li Zehong , Rao Qianshen , Chen Peng , Ren Min 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A novel 650 V Snapback-free Reverse-conducting Super-junction (SJ) insulated gate bipolar transistor (RC-SJBT) with low switching and reverse recovery loss is proposed and investigated in paper. In where, SJ pillar acts as the drift region, meanwhile PMOS and Schottky are combined on the cathode side. Under the action of SJ pillar, the snapback is effectively suppressed and

V

o
n

−

E

o
f
f

trade-off of IGBT is also improved. The PMOS and Schottky combined structure enhances on-state carriers of IGBT meanwhile reduces hole injection efficiency during reverse recovery of freewheel diode, thus the reverse recovery switching loss (

E

r
e
c

) of PMOS-RC-SJBT is reduced without sacrificing IGBT’s performance. Investigated by the TCAD tools, the total switching loss of PMOS-RC-SJBT is reduced by 51.2% from Con. RC-IGBT and 40.6% than the latest commercial RC-IGBT IKWH30N65WR6 of Infineon. Besides that,

t

s
c

is increased by 35.3% than RC-SJBT. Additionally, the snapback-free P-collector width is reduced from 340 µm of Con.RC-IGBT to 40 µm of PMOS-RC-SJBT, where the current uniformity is substantially improved.
Fabric electromagnetic actuators
Authors: Wang Qi , Li Lvzhou , Lu Xiaolong , Dong Xu , Guo Chang , Pan Haijun , Jiang Yaoyao , Liu Yu , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Soft electromagnetic actuators have important applications in fields, such as soft robots, human–machine interaction, and biomedicine, owing to their fast response speed, high driving efficiency, and large driving force. However, there are persistent challenges in the development of high-performance soft electromagnetic actuators that are light, thin, low-cost, controllable, and efficient. In this study, we propose a fabric electromagnetic actuator (FEMA) based on copper-mesh hot-pressing technology, which exhibits the advantages of simple processing, fast preparation speed, low cost, thinness and flexibility, and strong reliability and repeatability. This process is suitable for the preparation of electromagnetic actuators for various fabrics, such as cotton, nylon, terylene, and silk. Furthermore, the static and dynamic control characteristics of one and two actuators were tested and analyzed. The FEMA exhibits excellent flexibility, shape controllability, and high-speed driving ability. The results of the correlation analysis provide theoretical support for the controlling of FEMAs. Finally, we developed a 3 × 1 array actuator and 2 × 2 array actuators based on a modular combination of FEMA units and achieved multi-mode motion control. Furthermore, a large-area FEMA was developed, demonstrating excellent shape adaptability and gripping ability. Our findings have significant implications for the advancement of lightweight electromagnetic actuators, and further studies on design concepts and multi-mode control could unveil even more potential applications.
Sustainable approach to synthesis of carbon Dot/ silver nanoparticles for biological evaluation as antimicrobial agent
Authors: Tenkayala Navya Kumari , Katari Naresh Kumar , Gundla Rambabu , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha Babu , Devaraju Subramani 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is an attractive substitute for traditional methods using capping and reducing chemicals. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesised using carbon dots (CDs) derived from bioresources as reducing, protecting, and stabilising agents in a single step using environmentally friendly and cost-effective synthetic methods. The optical and structural properties of prepared CD/AgNPs were explored using UV–vis (Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy), Fluorescence spectroscopy, XRD (x-ray Diffraction), DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy). The synthesised CD/AgNPs are stable as zeta potential value is −14.7mV. From TEM the particle size exhibited as ∼12 nm. The prepared CD/AgNPs exhibited significant optical absorbance, good water dispersibility, stability and nano size. Also, CD/AgNPs revealed good biocidal effects against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Gram-positive Staphylococcus Aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus Cereus (B. cereus), and good anti-fungal activity against Aspergillus Niger (A. niger). The CD/AgNPs were further analyzed by live/dead assay. E. coli and A. niger with zone of inhibition around 3.1 and 40 mm, respectively when compared to ciprofloxacin (2.2 mm) and fluconazole (25 mm). The above investigation proved that the developed CD/AgNPs will be a new platform as an alternative to the traditional antibiotics for the generation of new kind of antibacterial materials and also provide the pathway for various metal/CD nanomaterials for diverse biomedical applications.
Protein intrinsically disordered regions have a non-random, modular architecture
Authors: McConnell Brendan S , Parker Matthew W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Protein sequences can be broadly categorized into two classes: those which adopt stable secondary structure and fold into a domain (i.e. globular proteins), and those that do not. The sequences belonging to this latter class are conformationally heterogeneous and are described as being intrinsically disordered. Decades of investigation into the structure and function of globular proteins has resulted in a suite of computational tools that enable their sub-classification by domain type, an approach that has revolutionized how we understand and predict protein functionality. Conversely, it is unknown if sequences of disordered protein regions are subject to broadly generalizable organizational principles that would enable their sub-classification.

Results
Here, we report the development of a statistical approach that quantifies linear variance in amino acid composition across a sequence. With multiple examples, we provide evidence that intrinsically disordered regions are organized into statistically non-random modules of unique compositional bias. Modularity is observed for both low and high-complexity sequences and, in some cases, we find that modules are organized in repetitive patterns. These data demonstrate that disordered sequences are non-randomly organized into modular architectures and motivate future experiments to comprehensively classify module types and to determine the degree to which modules constitute functionally separable units analogous to the domains of globular proteins.

Availability and implementation
The source code, documentation, and data to reproduce all figures are freely available at https://github.com/MWPlabUTSW/Chi-Score-Analysis.git. The analysis is also available as a Google Colab Notebook (https://colab.research.google.com/github/MWPlabUTSW/Chi-Score-Analysis/blob/main/ChiScore_Analysis.ipynb).
Heart transplantation after acute myocardial infarction due to focal coronary Takayasu arteritis: a case report
Authors: Clemmensen Tor Skibsted , Stilling Christina , Larsen Sanne Bøjet , Eiskjær Hans 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Takayasu arteritis is a chronic vasculitis of unknown aetiology primarily affecting medium to large arteries, particularly the aorta and arch vessels, and is predominantly seen in younger patients. Coronary artery involvement has been reported in 10–45% of autopsy cases, but isolated coronary Takayasu arteritis is extremely rare.

Case summary
This case report describes the course of a previously healthy 22-year-old woman who suffered an acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock requiring temporary mechanical support subsequently urgent heart transplantation. The patient was bridged to transplant by the use of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). The explanted heart showed evidence of Takayasu arteritis in the left coronary artery.

Discussion
The case illustrates the importance of VA-ECMO treatment for cardiogenic shock, the importance of the Scandiatransplant collaboration for urgent organ allocation and the diagnostic difficulties associated with Takayasu arteritis.
Liquid metal biomaterials: translational medicines, challenges and perspectives
Authors: Xu Hanchi , Lu Jincheng , Xi Yikuang , Wang Xuelin , Liu Jing 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Until now, significant healthcare challenges and growing urgent clinical requirements remain incompletely addressed by presently available biomedical materials. This is due to their inadequate mechanical compatibility, suboptimal physical and chemical properties, susceptibility to immune rejection, and concerns about long-term biological safety. As an alternative, liquid metal (LM) opens up a promising class of biomaterials with unique advantages like biocompatibility, flexibility, excellent electrical conductivity, and ease of functionalization. However, despite the unique advantages and successful explorations of LM in biomedical fields, widespread clinical translations and applications of LM-based medical products remain limited. This article summarizes the current status and future prospects of LM biomaterials, interprets their applications in healthcare, medical imaging, bone repair, nerve interface, and tumor therapy, etc. Opportunities to translate LM materials into medicine and obstacles encountered in practices are discussed. Following that, we outline a blueprint for LM clinics, emphasizing their potential in making new-generation artificial organs. Last, the core challenges of LM biomaterials in clinical translation, including bio-safety, material stability, and ethical concerns are also discussed. Overall, the current progress, translational medicine bottlenecks, and perspectives of LM biomaterials signify their immense potential to drive future medical breakthroughs and thus open up novel avenues for upcoming clinical practices.
A single-domain protein catenane of dihydrofolate reductase
Authors: Fang Jing , Li Tianzuo , Lee Jiyeon , Im Dahye , Xu Lianjie , Liu Yajie , Seo Jongcheol , Zhang Wen-Bin 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
A single-domain protein catenane refers to two mechanically interlocked polypeptide rings that fold synergistically into a compact and integrated structure, which is extremely rare in nature. Here, we report a single-domain protein catenane of dihydrofolate reductase (cat-DHFR). This design was achieved by rewiring the connectivity between secondary motifs to introduce artificial entanglement and synthesis was readily accomplished through a series of programmed and streamlined post-translational processing events in cells without any additional in vitro reactions. The target molecule contained few exogenous motifs and was thoroughly characterized using a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, protease cleavage experiments and ion mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry. Compared with the linear control, cat-DHFR retained its catalytic capability and exhibited enhanced stability against thermal or chemical denaturation due to conformational restriction. These results suggest that linear proteins may be converted into their concatenated single-domain counterparts with almost identical chemical compositions, well-preserved functions and elevated stabilities, representing an entirely new horizon in protein science.
Delayed, dramatic breast swelling in a transgender woman: a case report
Authors: Szymanski Kathryn , Munabi Naikhoba , Garcia Maurice , Ray Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
As the number of gender-affirming procedures performed in the United States increases, physicians caring for gender-nonconforming patients, regardless of practice location and focus, will likely encounter transgender women with breast implants. Increasingly, transgender women are seeking breast feminization. However, this population is less consistently receiving surveillance and routine breast care than cisgender women.

Aim
This report aims to add to the growing body of knowledge addressing breast augmentation complications in transgender women and to highlight disparities in healthcare.

Methods
A case of breast implant–associated seroma at our institution was analyzed through chart review. A literature review was conducted using PubMed to gather all articles discussing breast implant–associated fluid collections in transgender patients. Prior to publication of this report, a Waiver of Consent was granted by the E.R.’s Institutional Review Board for the study under which this article was prepared.

Results
Our patient was an African American transgender woman presenting initially at age 60 with significant asymmetry due to dramatic swelling of her left breast. The patient underwent bilateral breast augmentation outside of the United States 2 decades prior. The patient noted a gradual painless increase in her left breast size starting 3 years prior. She admitted that she was hesitant to seek a second opinion after being treated dismissively by another surgeon. Subsequent management included mammography and mirrored recommendations for late breast implant–associated seromas in cisgender patients: ultrasound, aspiration for cytology and culture, and removal of the implant and capsule.

Outcomes
The fluid collection in our patient was determined to be a chronic hematoma and was managed surgically. Though this patient eventually achieved a good outcome, treatment was delayed due to barriers she faced as a transgender woman.

Clinical Implications
Literature demonstrates that recommended management of late-onset breast-implant-associated seroma does not differ based on gender identity; however, transgender and GNC adults are more likely to receive less thorough care than cisgender women. Any patients undergoing breast augmentation with implants should be routinely evaluated for late complications, including seromas, which require prompt attention and methodical evaluation due to their potentially malignant nature.

Strengths and Limitations
This article is limited in that it is a single report of breast seroma. It is strengthened by a PubMed review gathering all articles discussing breast-implant-associated fluid collections in transgender patients.

Conclusion
We propose better education of physicians on how to care for transgender and gender-diverse patients should help mitigate the neglect and late presentation of such medical conditions in this vulnerable and marginalized population.
Civilian Ballistic Arthrotomies: Infection Rates and Operative vs. Non-operative Management
Authors: Liu Charles , Kumar Mahesh , Liu Andy , Erdman Mary Kate , Christiano Anthony , Lee Adam , Hynes Kelly , Strelzow Jason 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVES:
The purpose of this study was to determine if a significant difference existed in the rate of infection following ballistic traumatic arthrotomy managed operatively compared to those managed without surgery.

METHODS:

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Academic Level I Trauma Center.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Patients with ballistic traumatic arthrotomies of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, or ankle that received operative or non-operative management.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons: The rates of infection and septic arthritis in those who received operative or non-operative management.

RESULTS:
One hundred ninety-five patients were studied. Eighty patients were treated non-operatively (Non-Op group), sixteen patients were treated with formal irrigation and debridement in the operating room (I&D group), and ninety-nine patients were treated with formal irrigation and debridement and open reduction and internal fixation (I&D + ORIF group). Patients in all three groups received local wound care and systemic antibiotics. No patients in the Non-Op or I&D groups developed an infection. Six patients in the I&D + ORIF group developed extra-articular post-operative infections requiring additional interventions.

CONCLUSIONS:
The infection rate in the I&D + ORIF group was consistent with the infection rates reported in orthopedic literature following fixation alone. Additionally, none of the infections were cases of septic arthritis. This suggests that traumatic arthrotomy does not increase the risk for infection beyond what is expected following fixation alone. Importantly, the Non-Op group represented a series of 80 patients that were treated non-operatively without developing an infection, indicating that I&D may not be necessary to prevent infection after ballistic arthrotomy. The results suggest that septic arthritis after civilian ballistic arthrotomy is a rare complication regardless of the choice of treatment.

Level of evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Developing a National Trauma Research Action Plan: Results from the regulatory challenges Delphi survey
Authors: Price Michelle A. , Villarreal Cynthia L. , Moreno Ashley N. , Flayter Rochelle , Herrera-Escobar Juan P. , Sims Carrie A. , Bulger Eileen M. ,   the National Trauma Research Action Plan (NTRAP) Regulatory Challenges Panel
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND
In 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine issued a report calling for a National Trauma Research Action Plan (NTRAP) requiring a resourced, coordinated, joint approach to trauma care research. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report recommended the identification of regulatory barriers to trauma research. The NTRAP Regulatory Challenges Panel of trauma researchers and regulatory professionals was convened to identify the most challenging aspects of regulatory processes involved in conducting research.

METHODS
Trauma researchers and regulatory experts were recruited to identify and rate challenging regulatory issues in 2021 to 2022. Challenge statements were developed from a comprehensive scoping review. Panelists rated the challenge level for each statement on a 9-point Likert scale. The Delphi survey was conducted over three online rounds. Consensus was defined a priori as ≥60% agreement. Results of the Delphi survey were presented to the panel during a webinar. Panel participants then participated in breakout sessions to strategize solutions, share lessons learned, and identify where more regulatory guidance is needed.

RESULTS
Thirty-eight subject matter experts rated 175 regulatory challenges, of which 141 (81%) reached the consensus threshold. Of the consensus-reaching challenge statements, 42 had a challenge rating of 6 or higher. Among the highest-rated challenges were issues pertaining to conducting prehospital research, exception from informed consent, mistrust of research among various racial and ethnic groups, and issues specific to conducting pediatric trauma research.

CONCLUSION
This Delphi survey rated challenges culled from a regulatory literature scoping review. The panel identified the most challenging aspects of human subjects protection while conducting trauma research and recommended strategies and best practices to address them. The findings from this study were used to develop the NTRAP Investigator Toolkit, which is available on the internet as a resource for trauma researchers.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.