bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
الأمن الإنساني وأثـره في الأمن الوطني العراقي
Authors: صبحي أ.م.د أنس أكرم محمد 
Published: November 2023

يعتبرالأمن الأنساني من أولويات التخطيط الأستراتيجي الحديث للدول المتقدمة التي تعتبر الأنسان غاية كبرى ومؤثرة في مديات ومفاهيم الأمن التقليدية ، ولعل بروز مصطلحات كالأمن التشاركي وامن الأفراد والأمن السبراني في ظل موجات الأرهاب والطفرات التكنولوجي والألكترونية دفع الكثيرين ( دول ، كيانات ، مؤسسات ، شركات ، مجموعات وغيرها ) الى أعادة رسم وتخطيط وتعريف أولوياتها ورسم أستراتيجياتها المستقبلية وركنها الرئيس " الأنسان " .
والعراق واحد من الدول التي سعى ومنذ فترة غير بعيدة الى اعادة تصميم ورسم وتنضيج بل وتحديث أستراتيجيته الشاملة للأمن الوطني وبما يتوائم مع التحديات التي تواجهه (سياسياً وأمنياً وأقتصادياً وبيئياً وصحياً وأجتماعياً وتكنولوجياً ) رغم الصعوبات البنيوية وقلة الموارد المدربة والنقص الكبير في القدرات التقنية والأعتمادية الخارجية في التصدي للتهديدات الأرهابية المستمرة ، وما شاكلها من عصابات الجريمة المنظمة ومافيات الفساد التي تركت أثرها السلبي بشكل كبير على الفرد – الأنسان- العراقي ، وهو ما يتطلب التركيز على أولوية ضمان الأمن الأنساني بأعتباره المؤدي لضمان ديمومة موارد الدولة العراقية ومؤسساتها .
التكييفُ القانونيّ للشكلِ الاتفـاقي
Authors: ا.متمرس.د عزيز كاظم جبر  
Published: November 2023

الشكلية في التصرفات القانونية نوعان : شكلية قانونية فرضها القانون، وشكلية اتفاقية جاءت بها الإرادة، وكلاهما قد تكون للانعقاد، وقد تكون للأثبات، فإن كانت للانعقاد فلا وجود للتصرف القانوني إلّا باستيفائها، وهنا نؤكد – خلافاً لما يراه بعض الفقه – قدرة الإرادة على تحويل التصرفات الرضائية إلى تصرفات شكلية، وإن كانت للأثبات، فأثبات التصرف القانوني هو الذي يستوجب استيفائها لا وجوده، وعليه فـإنَّ الشكل الاتفاقي بنوعيه يعد صورة من صور التعبير عن إرادة أطراف العلاقة العقدية ,التي تجب مراعاته تماماً كما في الشكل القانوني. .
الحكُومة الالكترونية وانعكاسها على حق الفرد في الحصول على المعلومات
Authors: كوزان م.د  زينه صاحب 
Published: November 2023

ان الحكومة الالكترونية تعد البيئة الأساسية التي تتحقق فيها خدمات المواطنين، إذ يكون ذلك عن طريق استخدام التقنيات الحديثة والاتصالات في الأجهزة الحكومية من أجل تبادل المعلومات مع الأفــراد بشكل أكثر كفاءة، , فضلاً عن تحسين استجابة المؤسسات الحكومية لاحتياجات الأفــراد ، وإنَّ استعمال ما يعرف بالحكومة الالكترونية قد ساعد كثيراً من الهيـآت الحكومية على معالجة وثائقها وأعمالها الإدارية كافة بطريقة حديثة، وتخليها عن الأساليب التقليدية لتحل محلها الحكومة الالكترونية، وهذا ما أدى إلى زيادة الحاجة إلى إجراء تحولات في الأساليب والطرق التي تقوم عليها الإدارة التقليدية من أجل إتاحة الفرصة لتطبيق نظام الحكومة الالكترونيةوالحكومة الالكترونية أوسع من كونها تكنولوجيا معلومات وتقنيات حديثة، فهي تمثل إدارة فلسفية كاملة ينطوي عليها إجراء تغيير نوعي يهدف إلى إعادة النظر بمفاهيم العمل الحكومي ومضامين الخدمات التي يقدمها، فهي صياغة لواقع جديد في ضوء العلاقات المتبادلة بين الأجهزة الحكومية من جهة والجمهور المستفيدين من خدماتها من جهة أخرى.
COVID-19, MEIO AMBIENTE E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: MORAIS BARBARA OLIVEIRA DE 
Published: November 2023

Resenha da obra: COVID-19, MEIO AMBIENTE E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS.
Publicado em 2020, o livro “Covid-19, meio ambiente e políticas públicas” foi organizado por Carlos Eduardo Frickmann Young, Professor Titular do Instituto de Economia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IE/UFRJ), onde coordena o Grupo de Economia do Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável (GEMA/IE/UFRJ) e por João Felippe Cury M. Mathias, também professor, atuando como associado IV do Instituto de Economia da UFRJ, na área de Macroeconomia (graduação) e Estatísticas Econômicas e Sociais (pós-graduação/ PPED).
Escrito por pesquisadores do Grupo de Estudos de Economia e Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (GEMA/IE/UFRJ), a obra buscou contribuir para o debate sobre a pandemia, políticas públicas e desenvolvimento sustentável. Ao longo da leitura e da própria apresentação da obra, compreende-se que os capítulos refletem as diferentes perspectivas dos autores, e as possíveis conexões da COVID-19 com políticas públicas, tendo como foco de análise as áreas econômica e ambiental.
Relationship between PEKKA’s Parenting Patterns and Independence in Children 3-5 Years in Jember Regency
Authors: Mauludiyah Zaida , Fitrianingtyas Rizki 
Published: November 2023

Background: Jember Regency is in 3rd place in 2022 regarding the high divorce rate, namely talaq divorce with 1,544 cases, and judicial divorce with 4,320 cases. The high divorce rate increases the number of female household heads (In Bahasa : Perempuan Kepala Keluarga (PEKKA)). They work and also care for their children.
Aims: The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between PEKKA parenting style and independence in children aged 3-5 years in Jember Regency.
Methods: This research is a correlative cross-sectional analytic, with a sample of 25 people, and uses a questionnaire instrument. The statistical analysis used was the Chi-square test.
Results: The results of the chi square test on the relationship between PEKKA parenting style and independence in children 3-5 years old, obtained a value of p = 0.57.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is that there is no relationship between PEKKA parenting styles and the independence of children aged 3-5 years in Jember Regency
Holothuria atra: An Underutilized Marine Resource for Nutritional and Collagen Benefits
Authors: Jayathilake Nishani Jayanika , Wimalagunarathna Nipuna Deelaka , Wijesekara Isuru , Gunathilake Varuni Karunika 
Published: November 2023

Aims: To assess the nutritional content in the body wall of an underutilized sea cucumber species: Holothuria atra and to extract and characterize the potential collagen types from the body wall Study Design: The specimens of H.atra were identified based on morphology and the nutritionally analyzed with respect to lipid profile, vitamins, minerals, and carbohydrates. H. atra body wall was used to extract collagen and later characterized.
Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected at Mannar, Sri Lanka. Study was conducted at the Department of Zoology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka. Methodology: Nutritional content in the body wall (proximate analysis, lipid profile, vitamins, minerals, and carbohydrates) was analyzed using biochemical assays. Moreover, H.atra body wall was used to extract collagen, by acid soluble collagen extraction and characterized by physico- chemical methods.
Results: The results showed that body wall tissues of H.atra contained high moisture level (83.2%), proteins (10.2%) and low levels of fat (2.0%) and carbohydrates (2.1%). Further, flesh contains, 0.4% saturated fatty acids, 0.4% unsaturated fatty acids, considerable amount of Calcium, Magnesium and Sodium. Collagen yield from the body wall was recorded as 0.95% and fibrils observed as irregular and dense with a loose and porous structure. Attenuate Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Ultra Violet Vis spectroscopy indicated the collagen was Type I.
Conclusion: Results suggest that underutilized, non-commercial H.atra is a potential nutritional source and it contains type I collagen. Further studies are underway to increase the collagen yield from H.atra and to develop a collagen membrane which can be used in future industrial applications.
Hippocratea africana Root Extract and Fractions Ameliorates Paracetamol (PCM)-Induced Oxidative Stress and Liver Injuries in Rats
Authors: Noah Kufre , Anagboso Martin O. , Iyanyi Uchechukwu L. , Ajaghaku Daniel L. , Okokon Jude E. 
Published: November 2023

Aim: The antidotal potential of Hippocratea africana root, which is used locally to cure poisoning, was studied in rats.
Methodology: The hepatoprotective activity of the root extract (200-600 mg/kg), fractions (dichloromethane (DCM) and aqueous, 400 mg/kg) and Silymarin (100 mg/kg), were investigated against paracetamol-induced liver injury in rats. Assay of liver function parameters, markers of antioxidative stress in addition to liver histological analysis were employed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of root extract and fractions.
Results: Administration of the root extract (200-600 mg/kg) caused significant (P < .05-.001) increases in the blood levels of total protein and decreases in direct and total bilirubin, and the liver biomarker enzymes ALT, AST, and ALP caused by paracetamol administration. Most of the time, the effects were dose-dependent. When compared to the negative control group of animals (organotoxic-treated animals), the histology of the liver sections from animals treated with extract, fractions, and silymarin revealed a decrease in pathological characteristics. These histological observations suggest significant hepatoprotective potentials which were in line with the chemical pathological alterations.
Conclusion: The outcome of the study indicated that root extract and fractions of Hippocratea africana have antioxidative stress potentials and hepatoprotective action against harmful substances, maybe as a result of its phytochemical constituents' activity.
Effect of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria with Different Levels of Phosphorus in Field Pea (Pisum sativum)
Authors: Gujre Shruti , Mishra Vikash Prasad , Tilwari Anita , Azad Anand Rao , Kher Deepak 
Published: November 2023

In the Rabi season of 2022, a comprehensive agricultural experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of the Department of Agronomy, located within the Faculty of Agriculture at SAGE University in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. The primary objective of this experiment was to assess the influence of varying levels of phosphorus, in conjunction with the application of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB), on the growth and yield parameters of field pea. This research was undertaken using a randomized block design, with a factorial arrangement that was replicated three times to ensure the reliability and robustness of the findings.
The experiment encompassed seven distinct treatment combinations, which spanned the spectrum from a control group to different percentages of the recommended dose of phosphorus (RDF), including 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20% of the RDF. The results obtained from this meticulous study unveiled significant impacts of phosphorus levels and the application of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria on several critical growth and yield parameters of field pea. The effects of these factors were observed at multiple stages of the plant's growth, particularly at 30, 60, and 90 days after sowing (DAS). The treatment combination that included 30:60:30 kg per hectare of phosphorus and 200 g per hectare of PSB exhibited outstanding results, with the maximum plant height at 30, 60, and 90 DAS, registering measurements of 39.29 cm and 59.29 cm, respectively.
Remarkably, this specific treatment regimen also led to the highest number of branches per plant at both 60 and 90 DAS, with impressive counts of 7.80 and 9.20 branches, respectively. Furthermore, the combined impact of phosphorus and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria had a profound influence on key yield parameters. Notably, the treatment featuring the combination of 30:60:30 kg per hectare of phosphorus and 200 g per hectare of PSB resulted in the highest values for critical yield parameters, such as the number of pods per plant (17.59), seed yield per hectare (1070 kg), and straw yield per hectare (2142 kg). These findings underscore the pivotal role of this specific treatment regimen in enhancing crop productivity and maximizing overall yield. The results of this experiment offer valuable insights into optimizing phosphorus management practices in the cultivation of field pea, ultimately contributing to improved agricultural sustainability and food security in the region. This research serves as an important contribution to the field of agronomy and provides practical guidance for farmers and researchers alike.
A Study on How Climate Change Affects the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (Wash) Sectors in Barguna Sadar Upazila, Bangladesh
Authors: Kundu Amitav Kumar 
Published: November 2023

Aims and Study Area: A study conducted to identify how climate change affects water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) sector for Barguna Sadar Upazila.
Methodology: This study applied inductive reasoning methods with inductive and statistical generalization criteria. Used mixed method approach where both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from study areas. However, this study also triangulated findings from literature review and conducted Geo Spatial Analysis that enhanced the strength of the study findings.
Results: From the quantitative findings it was identified that 32% reported they don’t even know what the risk factors of climate change are, among them 41% female which is very alarming for WASH. However, from the KII respondents reported to have waterlogging, increase of temperature, heavy rainfall, and scarcity of water in their locality. 37% of respondents reported to not available the drinking water in all year round and they mentioned it happens due to lower groundwater level, increase salinity in water, damage of water source and draught. 60% of the respondents reported that their latrines were destroyed by a cyclone/tidal surge/water lodging and 33% reported to experience water borne disease in the past three months. Only 10% of respondents agreed that they have sufficient knowledge of the result of climate changes in the WASH sector. Only 5% of women agreed they have access to WASH Management systems during cyclone/tidal surge/water lodging. A total of 30% respondents reported that climate change resulted in extra burden for women and girls in WASH sector.
Conclusion: This study identified that mostly climate change impacts women and girls as have less knowledge on impacts of climate changes in WASH. From those findings this study identified some recommendations which can improve the conditions in WASH sector in Barguna as well as Coastal belt of Bangladesh.
Impact of Krishi Bhagya Yojana (KBY) Farm Pond Technology on Semi-Arid Farmers in North Eastern Transition Zone of Karnataka State in India
Authors: Rani Seedari Ujwala , Kumar Pramod , Singh Naveen P. , Srivastava S. K. , Paul Ranjit Kumar , Padaria R. N. , Kishore Modem Ravi , Naik B. N. Sandeep , Tadigiri Sirisha 
Published: November 2023

Efficient water management through farm pond technology is a great initiative by Krishi Bhagya Yojana scheme in 2015. Out of 240 sample farmers, about 180 farmers are adopters and 60 are non adopters of farm pond technology in Bidar and Gulbarga districts of Karnataka. Majority of farmers prefer farm pond of size 30 m × 30 m × 3 m as during Kharif season with storage capacity of 2700 cubic metric which is able to irrigate 1.5 ha land area .Through analysis, it is found that, the cropping intensity was increased to 225 per cent from 203.75 which accounts 9.47 per cent change to that of the base year. The percent change in area under rabicrops was relatively more when compared with farm ponds which directly increase their income by sale of crops in market. The number of migrating people decreased from six to three persons after adoption of KBY by the beneficiary farmers. The most influencing factors in adoption of farm pond technology by farmers are access to rural credit, diffusion of information and adoption of high value crops.
Isolation and In vitro Compatibility of Fungal Antagonists of Mango Anthracnose with Fungicides
Authors: Narware Jeetu , Dawale, M. B.  , Thakare Sirisha 
Published: November 2023

The compatibility of antagonists of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Nigrospora spharica (Sacc.) E.W. Mason, Gliocladium roseum Bainier and Aspergillus sp.) in mango, with different fungicides was tested through poisoned food technique. Two systemic fungicides viz., carbendazim (0.1% -1 g/L), hexaconazole (0.05% -1/2 ml/L) and a non-systemic fungicide viz., Sulphur (0.2% - 2g /L) were evaluated for their compatibility with potential antagonists. The antagonist Nigrospora sphaerica (95.56%) and Aspergillus sp. (91.11%) were most compatible with sulphur whereas Gliocladium roseum, was more compatible with Hexaconazol (73.11%). The results of present study are quite encouraging for the eco-friendly management of the mango anthracnose.
OPTIMASI KUALITAS WARNA MINYAK GORENG DENGAN METODE RESPONSE SURFACE
Authors: Wahjudi Didik , Dewi Lely Tjandranitia , San Gan Shu 
Published: November 2023

Quality optimization of cooking oil color is done by performing experiment using samples of 98 gram cooking oil and 2 gram of whitening agent, i.e. bleaching earth and carbon active. There are three variables that affects the cooking oil color, i.e. temperature (X1) in the range of 90 to 110° C, stirring time of 10 to 20 minutes, and active carbon concentration (X3) of 5 to 15% (of the 2 gram of whitening agent).
Response Surface Method consists of two-experiment designs, the first order and the second order experiment designs. The first order experiment design is the factor screening stage, while the second order design is the optimization stage.
The first order experiment shew that only stirring time and the concentration of active carbon affects the color. The second order experiment resulted in that the appropriate optimization model is Y = 1,7833 + 0,0538 X2 0,1098 X3 + 0,0477 X2 X3 + e, and that there are three choices of optimal factor condition with regards of the whitening agent cost.

Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia :

Optimasi kualitas wama minyak goreng dilakukan dengan mengadakan eksperimen menggunakan sampel minyak goreng dengan berat 98 gram dan zat pemutih 2 gram, yang terdiri dari bleaching earth dan carbon active. Variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi warna minyak goreng ada tiga, yaitu temperatur (XI) antara 90°C sampai 110°C, waktu pengadukan (X2) antara 10 menit sampai 20 menit, dan kadar CA (X3) antara 5% sampai 15% (dari 2 gram zat pemutih).
Metode Response Surface terdiri dari dua rancangan eksperimen, yaitu rancangan eksperimen orde I dan rancangan eksperimen orde II. Dimana rancangan eksperimen orde I merupakan tahap penyaringan faktor (screening test), sedangkan rancangan eksperimen orde II merupakan tahap optimasi.
Dari hasil eksperimen orde I, diperoleh basil bahwa variabel yang berpengaruh adalah waktu pengadukan dan CA. Hasil eksperimen orde II menyatakan bahwa model optimasi yang sesuai adalah Y = 1,7833 + 0,0538 X2 0,1098 X3 + 0,0477 X2 X3 + e, dan kondisi optimum faktor dengan pertimbangan biaya zat pemutih ada tiga pilihan.

Kata kunci: desain eksperimen, rekayasa mutu
PERBANDINGAN KINERJA ALGORITMA GENETIKA DAN ALGORITMA HEURISTIK RAJENDRAN UNTUK PENJADUALAN PRODUKSI JENIS FLOW SHOP
Authors: Wahyudi Didik , Medianti Ervin , Soetanto Tessa Vanina 
Published: November 2023

Flow shop scheduling problem is to schedule a production process of n jobs that go through the same process sequence and the same m machines. Most researches are don to accomplish only one objective, i.e. minimizing makespan. The other objective, such as total flow time, or multiple objectives that is minimizing makespan, total flow time and machine idle time, will be more effective in reducing scheduling cost, as written in French (1982).
Rajendran algorithm (1995) that solves flow shop problem with multiple objectives will be used to evaluate the proposed algorithm: Genetic Algorithm, developed by Sridhar & Rajendran (1996) on a problem that existed in a shoe factory.

Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia :

Masalah penjadualan flow shop adalah menjadualkan proses produksi dari masing-masing n job yang mempunyai urutan proses produksi dan melalui m mesin yang sama. Kebanyakan penelitian hanya mengacu pada satu tujuan saja yaitu meminimumkan makespan. Tujuan yang lain, seperti meminimumkan total flow time atau multiple objectives yang meminimumkan makespan, total flow time dan machine idle time akan lebih efektif dalam mengurangi biaya penjadualan, sebagaimana dikatakan oleh French (1982).
Algoritma Rajendran (1995) yang menyelesaikan masalah flow shop dengan multiple objectives akan dipergunakan untuk mengevaluasi algoritma usulan: Algoritma Genetika, yang dikembangkan oleh Sridhar & Rajendran (1996) pada suatu masalah yang ditemui di suatu perusahaan sepatu.

Kata kunci: flow shop, algoritma genetika, multiple objectives
OPTIMASI PRODUKSI DENGAN METODE RESPONSE SURFACE Studi Kasus pada Perusahaan Injection Moulding
Authors: Rahardjo Jani , Iman Rosalinawati 
Published: November 2023

In this article , response surface method is used to determine optimum setting for machine in order to optimize the production in injection moulding compan, which produces goods from plastic that has a large amount of defect. According to pareto chart, the largest defect is a hole defect. It is caused by no suitable setting for inject pressure, inject timer, and temperature.
In order to solve the problem, it used 3k experiment design. The result show that the optimum setting are 55Mpa for inject pressure, 4.2s for inject timer, and 224o C for temperature with decreasing of defective 7.3%.

Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia :

Dalam artikel ini, metode response surface digunakan untuk menentukan titik optimal dari setting mesin di perusahaan injection moulding, sehingga didapatkan jumlah produksi yang optimal. Selama ini perusahaan memproduksi produk yang terbuat dari plastik dengan tingkat kecacatan yang cukup besar. Karena itu, perusahaan berusaha mengurangi tingkat kecacatan yang terjadi. Berdasarkan diagram pareto, tingkat kecacatan terbesar adalah cacat lubang.
Untuk menyelesaikan penyebab kecacatan tersebut dilakukan suatu perancangan eksperimen yaitu dengan rancangan 3k. Penyebab kecacatan adalah inject pressure, inject timer, temperatur. Pada saat inject pressure 55 Mpa, inject timer 4,2s dan temperatur 224o C menghasilkan kondisi yang optimal sehingga tingkat kecacatan turun sebesar 7.3 %.

Kata kunci: response surface, titik optimal setting, tingkat kecacatan.
PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING INDUSTRI MELALUI ANALISA BIAYA KUALITAS (Studi Kasus pada Perusahaan Bahan Baku Makanan)
Authors: Felecia Felecia , Soetanto Tessa Vanina 
Published: November 2023

This article is about quality costs analysis to improve industrial competitiveness, through a study case at food ingredients industry. The purpose of this quality costs analysis is to know quality cost resources which are not efficient.
The first condition shows that 90% of total quality costs is used as prevention cost and 8% as internal failure cost. The final condition after analysis and improvement shows no more internal failure and the average quality costs is reduced by 9.66%.

Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia :

Artikel ini membahas tentang analisa biaya kualitas untuk peningkatan daya saing industri, studi kasus di sebuah industri bahan baku makanan. Tujuan dari analisa biaya kualitas adalah untuk mengetahui sumber-sumber biaya kualitas yang tidak effisien.
Kondisi awal perusahaan menunjukkan bahwa 90% dari total biaya kualitas digunakan sebagai biaya pencegahan, dan 8% sebagai biaya kegagalan internal. Kondisi akhir setelah dilakukan analisa dan perbaikan adalah tidak lagi ditemukan biaya kegagalan internal dan rata-rata biaya kualitas perusahaan secara umum menurun sebesar 9.66%.

Kata kunci: analisa biaya kualitas, industri bahan baku makanan.