bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stage‐specific gene expression in early differentiating oligodendrocytes
Authors: Blasi Francesca , Ciarrocchi Alessia , Luddi Alice , Strazza Michelina , Riccio Massimo , Santi Spartaco , Arcone Rosaria , Pietropaolo Concetta , D'Angelo Romina , Costantino‐Ceccarini Elvira , Melli Marialuisa 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe screening of a differential library from precursor and differentiated oligodendrocytes, obtained through the representational difference analysis (RDA) technique, has generated a number of cDNA recombinants corresponding to mRNA coding for known and unknown proteins: (1) mRNA coding for proteins involved in protein synthesis, (2) mRNA coding for proteins involved in the organization of the cytoskeleton, and (3) mRNA coding for proteins of unknown function. The expression profile of the mRNA was studied by Northern blot hybridization to the poly‐A+ mRNA from primary rat progenitor and differentiated oligodendrocytes. In most cases, hybridization to the precursor was higher than hybridization to the differentiated mRNA, supporting the validity of the differential screening. Hybridization of the cDNA to rat cerebral hemisphere and brain stem poly‐A+ mRNA, isolated from 1‐ to 90‐day‐old rats, confirms the results obtained with the mRNA from differentiating oligodendrocytes. The intensity of the hybridization bands decreases as differentiation proceeds. The pattern of expression observed in oligodendrocytes is different from that found in the brain only in the case of the nexin‐1 mRNA, the level of which remains essentially constant throughout differentiation both in the brain stem and in the cerebral hemispheres, in agreement with the published data. In contrast, the intensity of hybridization to the oligodendrocyte mRNA is dramatically lower in the differentiated cells compared with the progenitor oligodendrocyte cells. Some of the recombinant cDNA represent mRNA sequences present at high frequency distribution in the cells, while others belong to the rare sequences group. Six recombinants code for proteins of the ribosomal family, suggesting that of approximately 70 known ribosomal proteins, only a few are upregulated during oligodendrocyte differentiation. The third category of open reading frame (ORF) is represented by rare messengers coding for proteins of unknown functions and includes six clones: RDA 279, 11, 95, 96, 254, and 288. GLIA 39:114–123, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MHC class II‐positive perivascular microglial cells mediate resistance to Cryptococcus neoformans brain infection
Authors: Aguirre Karen , Miller Shannon 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAcquired resistance to the CNS pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans is mediated by CD4+ T lymphocytes primed by exposure to antigen in the context of major histocompatibility class II (MHC II) molecules. In mouse brain, parenchymal and perivascular microglial cells may express interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ)‐inducible MHC class II marker and thus interact with CD4+ T cells. Primed effector T cells are retained in the infected CNS if antigen is encountered in proper MHC context and may deliver signals that potentiate microglia to enhanced fungistasis. Vaccinated C57BL6/J mice resist an ordinarily lethal C. neoformans rechallenge, but identically treated congenic Aβo/o mice (MHC class II‐deficient; CD4+ T‐cell‐deficient) do not. Nor can Aβo/o mice be adoptively immunized by infusion of lymphocytes from vaccinated C57BL6/J donors, as are severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice (MHC class II‐intact, lymphocyte‐deficient). Chimeric (C57BL/6J:Aβo/o) mice with class II expression likely on perivascular microglia only were, like SCID mice, capable of adoptive immunization against C. neoformans brain infection. To the contrary, chimeric mice with class II expression likely only on parenchymal microglia were not capable of effective adoptive immunization against C. neoformans brain infection. Therefore, in order to mediate resistance to infection, primed CD4+ T cells must interact with the replenishable perivascular microglial subset that lies in close proximity to cerebral vasculature. Although T cells may supply help in the form of inflammatory cytokines to parenchymal microglia, expression of class II on these cells appears unnecessary for antifungal activity. GLIA 39:184–188, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Revealing a hidden problem. An evaluation of a community dementia case‐finding program from the Indian 10/66 dementia research network
Authors: Shaji K. S. , Arun Kishore N. R. , Lal K. Praveen , Prince Martin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundDementia in India is largely a hidden problem with no community awareness and little help seeking from affected families, despite high levels of strain. Cases must therefore be identified before practical help can be offered.MethodAfter two and a half hours of formal training, local community health workers in rural Kerala were asked to identify possible cases of dementia from the community they served. Diagnoses were then verified by a senior local psychiatrist with clinical and research interests in old age psychiatry.ResultsThe community health workers identified 51 out of 1979 over 60 year old residents (a prevalence of 2.6%) as suspected cases of dementia. Following the psychiatrist's assessment, 33 met DSM‐IV criteria for dementia. The majority of confirmed cases were of the Alzheimer's Disease sub‐type. Most ‘non‐cases’ were found to be suffering from other major psychiatric disorders, with substantial unmet need. The positive predictive value of the community health workers informal screening was 64.7%.ConclusionsThis simple cost‐effective case‐finding method can be of practical use in the development of community based dementia care services in India and other developing countries with similar health care systems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Data management and quality assurance for an International project: the Indo–US Cross‐National Dementia Epidemiology Study
Authors: Pandav Rajesh , Mehta Arun , Belle Steven H. , Martin Deborah E. , Chandra Vijay , Dodge Hiroko H. , Ganguli Mary 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundData management and quality assurance play a vital but often neglected role in ensuring high quality research, particularly in collaborative and international studies.ObjectiveA data management and quality assurance program was set up for a cross‐national epidemiological study of Alzheimer's disease, with centers in India and the United States.MethodsThe study involved (a) the development of instruments for the assessment of elderly illiterate Hindi‐speaking individuals; and (b) the use of those instruments to carry out an epidemiological study in a population‐based cohort of over 5000 persons. Responsibility for data management and quality assurance was shared between the two sites. A cooperative system was instituted for forms and edit development, data entry, checking, transmission, and further checking to ensure that quality data were available for timely analysis. A quality control software program (CHECKS) was written expressly for this project to ensure the highest possible level of data integrity.ConclusionsThis report addresses issues particularly relevant to data management and quality assurance at developing country sites, and to collaborations between sites in developed and developing countries. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personality traits and socio‐epidemiological status of hospitalised elderly benzodiazepine users
Authors: Petrovic Mirko , Vandierendonck Andre , Mariman Ann , van Maele Georges , Afschrift Marcel , Pevernagie Dirk 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo define personality traits and socio‐epidemiological status of hospitalised elderly chronic benzodiazepine (BZD) users.MethodsThis case controlled study assessed psychological characteristics (using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory—MCMI‐I) and socio‐epidemiological status (sex, age, education, marital status and housing) in 40 hospitalised geriatric patients taking BZDs for at least 3 months and 40 non‐users, excluding dementia.ResultsComparisons between groups: Compulsive personality pattern was more pronounced in the control group (p = 0.008). Severe personality pathology: a predisposition to borderline disorder was stronger among the BZD‐users (p = 0.001). Clinical syndromes: anxiety, dysthymic disorder (p < 0.001) and tendency to alcohol dependence (p = 0.020) prevailed in the BZD‐users. No severe syndromes were found. Widowed persons were more prevalent between the BZD‐users (p = 0.03). All significant differences resulted from disparities between females. Predictors of BZD‐use and clustering of traits: Dysthymic disorder was predictive of BZD‐use (odds ratio (OR) 6.3 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.2–18.2]). It was strongly correlated with anxiety (rs = 0.93) and somatoform disorder (rs = 0.71). Dysthymic disorder and alcohol dependence predicted BZD‐use in women (OR 15.3 [CI: 2.4–95.7] and OR 9.1 [CI: 1.2–64.9], respectively). There were no specific predictors in men.ConclusionsChronic elderly BZD‐users are typically widowed females with dysthymic disorder, anxiety, predisposition to alcohol dependence and borderline disorder. Before prescribing BZDs, it is important to recognize the nature of the elderly population at risk for BZD‐use and to consider a broader‐ranging therapeutic management of the predisposing personality traits. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Tongue sandwich” bolster for skin graft immobilization
Authors: Butler Charles E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundBecause of surface irregularities and continuous movement of the tongue, predictable immobilization of split‐thickness skin grafts (STSGs) for tongue defects is difficult to achieve.MethodsA novel composite, bilayer foam bolster was used to immobilize a STSG after reconstruction of more than 80% of the tongue mucosa after resection of a squamous cell carcinoma and extensive leukoplakia. Dorsal and ventral bolster components were placed over the STSG and affixed using transglossal, through‐and‐through sutures.ResultsThe composite foam bolster provided uniform compression along the highly irregular and mobile skin‐grafted surface. Graft survival was excellent, and there were no complications.ConclusionsThe “tongue sandwich” bolster is quickly and easily fabricated, immobilizes the tongue in a fully expanded position, and provides excellent apposition of STSGs to highly irregular and vascular surfaces. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 705–709, 2002
“FAR” chemoradiotherapy improves laryngeal preservation rates in patients with T2N0 glottic carcinoma
Authors: Kumamoto Yoshihiko , Masuda Muneyuki , Kuratomi Yuichiro , Toh Satoshi , Shinokuma Atsushi , Chujo Kyoko , Yamamoto Tomoya , Komiyama Sohtaro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe appropriate treatment approach for patients with T2N0 laryngeal cancer remains highly controversial. Because radiotherapy alone is associated with a high risk of local recurrence, we have developed a triple combination treatment approach consisting of 5‐fluorouracil (250 mg/day, i.v.), vitamin A (50,000 unit/day, i.m.) and external radiation (2.0 Gy/day), which we have termed “FAR therapy.”MethodsPatients with T2N0 glottic carcinoma were initially treated with 15 days of FAR therapy, which included a cumulative radiation dose of 30Gy (i.e., “30 Gy of FAR therapy”). Those patients who demonstrated a complete response either clinically or pathologically continued to receive further FAR therapy, with up to 60–70 Gy. All other patients received laryngectomy without any additional treatment.ResultsNinety‐five patients were treated according to this program, and most of the patients (98%) were able to complete this treatment course. Eighty‐eight patients (93%) were treated with FAR therapy alone. The local control and ultimate local control rates were 91% (85 of 93), and 99% (92 of 93), respectively. The cumulative 5‐year voice preservation and complete laryngeal preservation rates were 91% and 87%, respectively. The cumulative 5‐year disease‐specific survival rate was 97%.ConclusionsBecause a high rate of laryngeal preservation was achieved without compromising disease‐specific survival, our treatment approach based on FAR therapy may be promising for the treatment of patients with T2N0 glottic carcinoma. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tetanic stimulation of Schaffer collaterals induces rhythmic bursts via NMDA receptor activation in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons
Authors: Bonansco Christian , González de la Vega Alberto , González Alegre Pedro , Borde Michel , García‐Segura Luis M. , Buño Washington 
Published: October 2002

AbstractExploring the principles that regulate rhythmic membrane potential (Vm) oscillations and bursts in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons is essential to understanding the θ rhythm (θ). Recordings were performed in vitro in hippocampal slices from young rats, and a group of the recorded CA1 pyramidal cells were dye‐filled with carboxifluorescein and immunolabeled for the R1 subunit of the NMDA receptor. Tetanic stimulation of Schaffer collaterals (SCs) and iontophoresis of glutamate evoked rhythmic Vm oscillations and bursts (≈10 mV, ≈7 Hz, 2–5 spikes per burst) in cells (31%) placed close to the midline (“medial cells”). Rhythmic bursts remained under picrotoxin (10 μM) and Vm oscillations persisted with tetrodotoxin (1.5 μM), but bursts were blocked by AP5 (25 μM) and Mg2+‐free solutions. Depolarization and AMPA never induced rhythmic bursts. The rest of the neurons (69%), recorded closer to the CA3 region (“lateral cells”), discharged rhythmically single repetitive spikes under SC stimulation and glutamate in control conditions, but fired rhythmic bursts under similar stimulation, both when NMDA was applied and when non‐NMDA receptors were blocked with CNQX (20 μM). Medial cells exhibited a larger NMDA current component and a higher NMDAR1 density at the apical dendritic shafts than lateral cells, suggesting that these differences underlie the dissimilar responses of both cell groups. We conclude that the “θ‐like” rhythmic oscillations and bursts induced by glutamate and SC stimulation relied on the activation of NMDA receptors at the apical dendrites of medial cells. These results suggest a role of CA3 pyramidal neurons in the generation of CA1 θ via the activation of NMDA receptors of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Hippocampus 2002;12:434–446. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Telemetry system for reliable recording of action potentials from freely moving rats
Authors: Hawley Emerson S. , Hargreaves Eric L. , Kubie John L. , Rivard Bruno , Muller Robert U. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRecording single cells from alert rats currently requires a cable to connect brain electrodes to the acquisition system. If no cable were necessary, a variety of interesting experiments would become possible, and the design of other experiments would be simplified. To eliminate the need for a cable we have developed a one‐channel radiotelemetry system that is easily carried by a rat. This system transmits a signal that is reliable, highly accurate and can be detected over distances of ≥20 m. The mobile part of the system has three components: (1) a headstage with built‐in amplifiers that plugs into the connector for the electrode array on the rat's head; the headstage also incorporates a light‐emitting diode (LED) used to track the rat's position; (2) a backpack that contains the transmitter and batteries (2 N cells); the backpack also provides additional amplification of the single cell signals; and (3) a short cable that connects the headstage to the backpack; the cable supplies power to the headstage amplifiers and the LED, and carries the physiological signals from the headstage to the backpack. By using a differential amplifier and recording between two brain microelectrodes the system can transmit action potential activity from two nearly independent sources. In a future improvement, two transmitters with different frequencies would be used to telemeter signals from four microelectrodes simultaneously. Hippocampus 2002;12:505–513. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An investigation of vapor concentration during boiling of a liquid mixture: Measurement of temperature and concentration variations of vapor in bubbles
Authors: Utaka Yoshio , Sai Seikou 
Published: October 2002

AbstractVariations of the vapor concentration of a water‐ethanol mixture during saturated nucleate pool boiling were studied. The temperature changes of the vapor in bubbles produced by the boiling were measured at several different positions near the boiling surface by using a thin thermocouple having high responsivity. The superheat of the bubbles was initially higher in the superheated liquid layer near the heat transfer surface and then approached the bulk temperature along the upward direction. It was clarified that the temperature and concentration differences of the bubbles from the bulk almost disappeared at a height of 3 to 5 mm from the heat transfer surface and within 20 ms after the appearance of the bubbles. Thus, the former result of the liquid‐vapor equilibrium with the bulk condition was confirmed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(6): 475–485, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10047
Saccadic peak velocity and EEG as end‐points for a serotonergic challenge test
Authors: Gijsman Harm J. , van Gerven Joop M. A. , Verkes Robbert Jan , Schoemaker Rik C. , Pieters Monique S. M. , Pennings Ed J. M. , Hessing Trees J. , Cohen Adam F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe previously reported that a single dose of the serotonin receptor agonist meta‐chlorophenylpiperazine increased the peak velocity of saccadic eye movements and decreased low‐frequency electroencephalographic activity.MethodsWe administered a single dose of the serotonin releaser dexfenfluramine in a double blind, placebo controlled randomised cross‐over design and measured saccadic eye movements and EEG every hour up to 6 h. Subjects were 62 males (18–30 years) with a history of no, moderate or heavy use of ecstasy tablets.ResultsDexfenfluramine increased saccadic peak velocity and decreased alpha, delta and theta electroencephalographic activity, the latter predominantly in heavy users of ecstasy.ConclusionsThis study supports the idea that saccadic peak velocity and EEG can be useful endpoints of a serotonergic challenge. This could be an important anatomical extension of these end‐points, which until now were limited to the effect on hypothalamic serotonergic projections. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tianeptine and fluoxetine in major depression: a 6‐week randomised double‐blind study
Authors: Novotny Vladimir , Faltus Frantisek 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn a 6‐week, multicentre, randomised, double‐blind controlled study, tianeptine (37.5 mg/day) and fluoxetine (20 mg/day) were compared for efficacy and safety in 178 patients with major depression. No significant difference was shown between the two drugs, either in terms of efficacy (MADRS, CGI, COVI) or in terms of safety, except for the CGI ‘severity of illness’ which was lower at the end point with tianeptine than with fluoxetine. The percentages of responders (as defined by a 50% decrease of the MADRS score from baseline to end point) were 75% with tianeptine and 67% with fluoxetine, showing the efficacy of both drugs. In conclusion, both tianeptine and fluoxetine are effective and well‐tolerated treatments for major depression. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lag prediction in ungauged basins: an investigation through actual data of the upper Tiber River valley
Authors: Melone F. , Corradini C. , Singh V. P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA comparative analysis of a variety of relationships for prediction of basin lag is performed by applying them to 23 basins located in the same geographical area and characterized by a rather similar vegetative cover. The results of computations indicate that a lag–area relationship with two constant parameters is the best predictor for most basins; under different vegetative covers in the same basin only one parameter should be variable. For a few other basins characterized by an anomalous drainage channel network of low density, such a relationship can lead to unacceptable errors. Thus, there is a need for an additional relationship to overcome this difficulty, but a larger number of anomalous basins would be required for its determination. An alternative procedure, based on the use of the non‐linear kinematic wave, which at least allows singling out the cases where a specific lag–area relationship is not reliable, is proposed. This procedure, therefore, represents a partial but very useful solution to avoid considerable errors in hydrological practice. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multifunctional anti‐angiogenic activity of the cyclic peroxide ano‐2 with antitumor activity
Authors: Arakawa Kazuhito , Endo Yoshio , Kimura Masashi , Yoshida Takanori , Kitaoka Takeshi , Inakazu Tomoyasu , Nonami Yuji , Abe Manabu , Masuyama Araki , Nojima Masatomo , Sasaki Takuma 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOur focus was to develop an anti‐angiogenic drug possessing the inhibitory activity of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (u‐PA) production. During preliminary screening, the effects of 13 ozonides on the inhibition of u‐PA production in human fibrosarcoma HT‐1080 cells and on the inhibition of angiogenesis on chicken embryonic chorioallantoic membranes were determined. Of the ozonides tested, 9 inhibited in vitro u‐PA production of HT‐1080 cells and 7 of these 9 exhibited strong anti‐angiogenic activity. Interestingly, 6 of the 13 ozonides also inhibited cathepsin B activity. 1‐Phenyl‐1, 4‐epoxy‐1H,4H‐naphtho[1,8‐de][1, 2]dioxepin (ANO‐2) potently inhibited cathepsin B (IC50 = 0.47 μM) as well as u‐PA production. Consequently, ANO‐2 was selected for further study. ANO‐2 inhibited tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured on Matrigel while exhibiting no cytotoxicity. Additionally, in vivo administration of ANO‐2 inhibited angiogenesis induced by mouse Sarcoma‐180 cells tested using the mouse dorsal air sac assay. Moreover, ANO‐2 also suppressed primary tumor growth and reduced the number of pulmonary metastases caused by Lewis lung carcinoma cells in mice. These in vitro and in vivo activities indicate that ANO‐2 has considerable potential as a new and potent anti‐angiogenic drug that inhibits both u‐PA production and enzymatic activity of cathepsins, indicating that ANO‐2 may be a multifunctional inhibitor of angiogenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.