bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The genomes of Darwin's primroses reveal chromosome‐scale adaptive introgression and differential permeability of species boundaries
Authors: Stubbs Rebecca L. , Theodoridis Spyros , Mora‐Carrera Emiliano , Keller Barbara , Potente Giacomo , Yousefi Narjes , Jay Paul , Léveillé‐Bourret Étienne , Choudhury Rimjhim Roy , Celep Ferhat , Kochjarová Judita , Conti Elena 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Introgression is an important source of genetic variation that can determine species adaptation to environmental conditions. Yet, definitive evidence of the genomic and adaptive implications of introgression in nature remains scarce.
The widespread hybrid zones of Darwin's primroses (Primula elatior, Primula veris, and Primula vulgaris) provide a unique natural laboratory for studying introgression in flowering plants and the varying permeability of species boundaries.
Through analysis of 650 genomes, we provide evidence of an introgressed genomic region likely to confer adaptive advantage in conditions of soil toxicity. We also document unequivocal evidence of chloroplast introgression, an important precursor to species‐wide chloroplast capture. Finally, we provide the first evidence that the S‐locus supergene, which controls heterostyly in primroses, does not introgress in this clade.
Our results contribute novel insights into the adaptive role of introgression and demonstrate the importance of extensive genomic and geographical sampling for illuminating the complex nature of species boundaries.
Association of the lung immune prognostic index with the survival of patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
Authors: Suzuki Takahito , Karayama Masato , Aoshima Yoichiro , Mori Kazutaka , Yoshizawa Nobuko , Ichikawa Shintaro , Kato Shinpei , Yokomura Koshi , Kono Masato , Hashimoto Dai , Inoue Yusuke , Yasui Hideki , Hozumi Hironao , Suzuki Yuzo , Furuhashi Kazuki , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Goshima Satoshi , Inui Naoki , Suda Takafumi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe lung immune prognostic index (LIPI), a simple index calculated from the blood lactate dehydrogenase level and derived neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, is thought to be associated with host immune status. However, the utility of LIPI in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) is unknown.MethodsIn this multicentre, retrospective, observational study, an association between LIPI and the survival of patients with IIPs was evaluated.ResultsExploratory and validation cohorts consisting of 460 and 414 patients with IIPs, respectively, were included (159 and 159 patients had idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [IPF], and 301 and 255 had non‐IPF, respectively). In the exploratory cohort, patients with IPF and a low LIPI had significantly better survival than those with a high LIPI (median of 5.6 years vs. 3.9 years, p = 0.016). The predictive ability of LIPI for the survival of patients with IPF was validated in the validation cohort (median of 8.5 years vs. 4.4 years, p = 0.003). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, LIPI was selected as an independent predictive factor for the survival of IPF patients. There was no significant association between LIPI and survival of non‐IPF patients in the exploratory and validation cohorts.ConclusionThe LIPI was a predictive factor for the survival of patients with IPF and could aid the management of IPF.
Comparison of automated solid phase versus manual saline indirect antiglobulin test methodology for non‐ABO antibody titration: Implications for perinatal antibody monitoring
Authors: Niu Shuang , Vetsch Megan , Beaudin Lynnette , Bodnar Melanie , Clarke Gwen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccurate antibody titration is crucial in prenatal evaluations to identify patients who need clinical monitoring for hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) causing fetal anemia. This study compares the established gold standard method of manual tube saline indirect antiglobulin testing (SIAT) with the newer automated solid phase (ASP) method of antibody titration and aims to establish the critical titer threshold for ASP that corresponds to the previously established SIAT critical threshold of ≥16 used in our laboratory.Study Design and MethodsOne hundred fifty‐seven prenatal and donor plasma samples with known antibodies were tested using both SIAT and ASP methodologies and results were compared.ResultsThe study found that ASP titers were, on average, 1.33 dilutions higher than SIAT titers. The critical titer cutoff for ASP was determined to be ≥32, which is one tube higher than the SIAT cutoff of ≥16.DiscussionThe ASP method for antibody titration offers greater reproducibility and efficiency compared with manual SIAT titration. This study suggests that a titer cutoff of ≥32 is appropriate for most clinically significant antibodies using ASP. However, further research is needed to determine the comparability of ASP with SIAT in samples with multiple antibodies, anti‐M antibodies, and other less common antibodies. Validation of the ASP titer cutoff against HDFN clinical outcomes is required before implementing this test for routine use in perinatal antibody titration.
Services' trade in Africa: Structure and growth
Authors: Ariu Andrea , Ogliari Laura 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper shows that trade in services is still at its infancy in Africa. Its growth started later than for other developed and developing economies and, so far, it involves mostly low‐skilled services. Disentangling the different sources of trade growth, we find that demand and supply determinants have been relatively stable during the period 2002–2016, while service diversification and trade policy are the main propellants. In particular, trade in goods liberalisation increased services trade as well due to the complementarities between the two. In terms of geographical and industrial involvement, services produced in Africa are able to reach farther destinations than goods, but they are concentrated on industries close to final demand, thus missing high‐skilled services that are more upstream, but represent higher value‐added inputs. Therefore, there is still plenty of scope to consider trade in services as a potential source of growth and development for African countries.
Disability‐adjusted life years due to leptospirosis in Monaragala District of Sri Lanka
Authors: Kumari A. M. U. P. , Vidanapathirana J. , Amarasekara J. , Karunanayake L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLeptospirosis is a zoonotic infection with significant morbidity and mortality. As an occupational disease, it has become a global concern due to its disease burden in endemic countries and rural areas. The aim of this study was to assess disease burden in terms of Disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of leptospirosis.A hospital‐based descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted using 450 clinically diagnosed leptospirosis patients admitted to base and above hospitals in Monaragala District, Sri Lanka, using a pre‐tested interviewer‐administered questionnaire. The patients were followed up until normal day‐to‐day life after discharge. Estimation of DALYs was done using laboratory‐confirmed leptospirosis patients. Leptospirosis disease burden in Monaragala District was 44.9 DALYs per 100,000 population, which includes 33.18 Years of life losts and 10.9 YLDs. The incidence of leptospirosis in Monaragala District during the study period was 59.8 per 100,000 population, and the case fatality rate (CFR) was 1.5% and 75% of deaths were among males.The disease burden of leptospirosis in Monaragala District was significantly high and urgent efforts to control and prevent leptospirosis should be a priority.
Presenting the cohomology of a Schubert variety: Proof of the minimality conjecture
Authors: Dizier Avery St. , Yong Alexander 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA minimal presentation of the cohomology ring of the flag manifold was given in A. Borel (1953). This presentation was extended by E. Akyildiz–A. Lascoux–P. Pragacz (1992) to a nonminimal one for all Schubert varieties. Work of V. Gasharov–V. Reiner (2002) gave a short, that is, polynomial‐size, presentation for a subclass of Schubert varieties that includes the smooth ones. In V. Reiner–A. Woo–A. Yong (2011), a general shortening was found; it implies an exponential upper bound of on the number of generators required. That work states a minimality conjecture whose significance would be an exponential lower bound of on the number of generators needed in worst case, giving the first obstructions to short presentations. We prove the minimality conjecture. Our proof uses the Hopf algebra structure of the ring of symmetric functions.
Effectiveness of distraction-based interventions for relieving anxiety, fear, and pain in hospitalized children during venous blood sampling: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Huhtala Saija , Palomaa Anna-Kaija , Tuomikoski Anna-Maria , Pölkki Tarja 
Published: November 2023

Objective:
The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of active compared with passive distraction-based interventions for relieving anxiety, fear, and pain in hospitalized preschool and school-age children during venous blood sampling.

Introduction:
Venous blood sampling remains the most common procedure that causes anxiety, fear, and pain among the pediatric population. It is important that health care professionals relieve a child’s pain and the related emotions because untreated pain may have long-term effects on children’s growth and development. It is necessary to determine which interventions are effective in relieving these outcomes in preschool and school-age children during blood sampling.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will include randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies that include active and passive distraction-based interventions for relieving hospitalized preschool and school-age children’s anxiety, fear, and pain during venous blood sampling.

Methods:
CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases will be searched for published studies. MedNar, Google Scholar, and PsycEXTRA databases will be searched for in-progress and unpublished studies. Two independent researchers will perform critical appraisal and data extraction using the JBI methodology. Data describing randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies will be pooled in a statistical meta-analysis. If statistical analysis is not possible, the findings will be reported narratively. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach will be used to assess certainty in the quality of evidence.

Review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42023455617
Timing of Izanagi-Pacific ridge subduction beneath Eurasia: Constraints from metamorphic soles in Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Dong Yu , Xu Wen-liang , Zhang Jin-rui , Li Yi-bing , Niida Kiyoaki , Yamamoto Shinji , Wang Yi-ni , Ji Zheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath Eurasia controls not only Cenozoic intraplate volcanism, but also deep-focus earthquakes along the continental margin of eastern Asia. However, the timing of subduction of the Paleo-Pacific (Izanagi)–Pacific ridge and the initial subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath Eurasia remain subjects of debate. Metamorphic soles provide key evidence for ridge subduction, and together with coeval igneous activity, they are widely used to constrain the timing of ridge subduction. Here, we present the results of a study of amphibolites from the Hidaka metamorphic belt, Hokkaido, northern Japan, which are interpreted to be metamorphic soles. Our integrated study involved secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) U-Pb zircon dating, mineral chemistry, whole-rock geochemistry, and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic analyses. SIMS U-Pb zircon dating indicates that the amphibolite-facies sole metamorphism occurred in the late Eocene. Phase equilibria modeling suggests that the peak P–T conditions of metamorphism were 8.0–9.5 kbar/700–730 °C. The amphibolites belong to the tholeiitic series, and they are relatively enriched in heavy rare earth elements relative to light rare earth elements, with depletions in Nb, Ta, P, and Ti. They have (87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.704207–0.704998, εNd(t) = +11.65 to +11.96, εHf(t) = +14.28 to +16.32, (206Pb/204Pb)i = 18.240–18.255, and (207Pb/204Pb)i = 15.522–15.525. The geochemistry of these amphibolites reveals that their protoliths had normal mid-oceanic-ridge basalt affinities, and their Pb isotopic signatures indicate Indian-type mantle rather than Pacific-type mantle. Considering the geochemistry of coeval igneous rocks, we conclude that the late Eocene metamorphism in the Hidaka metamorphic belt records the intraoceanic subduction that followed heat transfer from the incipient mantle wedge toward the top of the subducting plate, and it provides a key constraint on the timing of subduction of the Izanagi-Pacific ridge.
How could online NHS 111 reduce demand for the telephone NHS 111 service? Qualitative study of user and staff views
Authors: Sampson Fiona C , Knowles Emma L , Long Jaqui , Turner Janette , Coster Joanne 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundOnline NHS111 was introduced in 2018 in response to increasing and unsustainable demand for telephone NHS111. Despite high levels of use, there is little evidence of channel shift from the telephone to the online service. We explored user and staff perspectives of online NHS111 to understand how and why online NHS111 is used and whether there may be potential for shift from the telephone to online service.MethodsAs part of a wider mixed-methods study, we used qualitative semistructured interviews to explore perspectives of recent users of online 111 who had responded to a user survey (n=32) and NHS 111 staff (n=16) between November 2019 and June 2020. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data sets were analysed separately using framework analysis (user interviews) and thematic analysis (staff interviews).ResultsTelephone NHS111 health adviser skills in probing and obtaining ‘soft information’ were perceived as key to obtaining advice that was considered more appropriate and trusted than advice from online interactions, which relied on oversimplified or irrelevant questions.Online NHS111 was perceived to provide a useful and convenient adjunct to the telephone service and widened access to NHS111 services for some subgroups of users who would not otherwise access the telephone service (eg, communication barriers, social anxiety) or were concerned about ‘bothering’ a health professional. The nature of the online consultation meant that online NHS111 was perceived as more disposable and used more speculatively.ConclusionOnline 111 was perceived as a useful adjunct but not a replacement for telephone NHS 111 with potential for channel shift hindered by reduced confidence in the online service due to the lack of human interaction. Further development of OL111 algorithms will be required if it is to meet the needs of people with more complex health needs.
Failure Probability-Based Dynamic Instability Evaluation of the Long Span Steel Arch Bridge Subjected to Earthquake Excitations
Authors: Cheng Jin , Chen Zhizhao , Xu Yan 
Published: November 2023

Instability is one of the major failure modes of long span arch bridges, and its possibility of occurrence will be increased as triggered by earthquake excitations. However, the randomness of each ground motion causes the difficulty in achieving a reliable assessment of the safety of the bridges in regard to its stability issue based on certain time history analysis. Therefore, a failure probability-based instability evaluation method and corresponding instability damage index are proposed in this study to solve this problem, converting the deterministic analysis of a ground motion into a probability analysis of a group of random ground motions. The results find that the input direction, the velocity pulse and the pulse period of the ground motion have a significant impact on the stability of the bridge, while seismic moment and PGV/PGA ratio do not. The fragility curves show that the bridge has more than 60% probability of slight instability when input PGA reaches 0.2 g, 50% probability of moderate instability when input PGA reaches 0.6 g, and 20% probability of collapse when input PGA reaches 1.0 g. Moreover, when the PGA approaches 1.0 g, it is discovered that the velocity pulse and the pulse period can increase the chance of the occurrence of bridge instability by 20%–30%.
An overview of the Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events in Egypt, southern Tethys
Authors: Mansour Ahmed , Wagreich Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The Cretaceous Period (
c.
143–66 Ma) attested to successive phases of regional tectonic activities and large-scale submarine volcanism resulting in increased atmospheric CO
2
concentrations, enhanced greenhouse climate and global warming, surface water bioproductivity and well-developed pore and bottom water anoxia, especially during the mid-Cretaceous (Aptian to Turonian). These conditions triggered widespread deposition of organic carbon (OC)-rich black shales during episodes of severe oxygen exhaustion, commonly known as oceanic anoxic events (OAEs). Oceanic anoxic events had many important consequences, including the widespread mass extinction of marine and terrestrial organisms. Several intervals of enhanced oxic ventilation and deposition of OC-poor pelagic–hemipelagic red carbonates and claystone interrupted Cretaceous OAEs, which are commonly known as Cretaceous oceanic red beds (CORBs). The mid-Cretaceous black shales from many parts of the world and the corresponding global carbon cycle changes indicated that OAE1 (Selli Level) and OAE2 (Bonarelli Event) are the most widespread and well-defined OAEs compared with the more regional OAE3 and Valanginian–Hauterivian black shales (Weissert Event). These appear to have been more restricted to the Atlantic and adjacent areas, a result of more regional conditions rather than being forced by global environmental perturbations. In the course of this review, the Egyptian territory in the southern Tethys shelf is taken as a case study area for the development, evolution and regional expression of mid-Cretaceous OAEs. The region is characterized by a thick Cretaceous sedimentary succession of OC-rich black shale and OC-poor carbonates and mudstone interbeds. The late Albian OAE1d was reported in the North Western Desert (upper Kharita Formation) based on a positive carbon isotope excursion and moderate total sulfur, total organic carbon and redox-sensitive elements. The end-Cenomanian OAE2 was reported in several regions of Egypt based on positive δ
13
C excursions. However, differential deposition between OC-rich and OC-poor facies took place, especially in marginal to shallow marine settings where black shales are absent, such as in the Eastern Desert and Sinai. During the Coniacian–Santonian, OC-poor limestone, calcareous shale and red claystone were deposited under enhanced water column respiration in Egypt. This indicates that enhanced oxygenated ocean circulation controlled organic matter decomposition during weak continental weathering and enhanced carbonate production, all of which led to the deposition of OC-poor CORBs in this region.
The Late Maastrichtian Rørdal Member (Denmark): a remarkable window of climatic, environmental and biotic changes at orbital timescales
Authors: Thibault Nicolas , Lauridsen Bodil W. , Schovsbo Niels H. , Anderskouv Kresten , Bjerrum Christian J. , Korte Christoph , Martinez Mathieu , Morigi Caterina , Stemmerik Lars , Ullmann Clemens V. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Late Maastrichtian Rørdal Member of the Møns Klint Formation is a remarkable lithological unit of the Danish Basin, characterized by chalk–marl cyclicity, standing out from pure Maastrichtian white chalk within the Chalk Group. A cyclostratigraphic analysis across this unit suggests a control by orbital precession and a strong amplitude modulation of the precession by the 405 kyr eccentricity cycle. Oxygen isotope data from bulk carbonate, benthic foraminifera and brachiopods indicate a prominent cooling commencing at the base of the unit, with maximum cooling aligned with a 405 kyr amplitude modulation maximum. This unit thus represents a rare example of a climatic cooling associated with a 405 kyr insolation maximum. However, geochemical and calcareous nannofossil data support lower productivity levels across the unit, in contradiction to an expected ocean fertilization accompanying enhanced continental weathering as the source of the clay material. An alternative model of deposition for this lithological unit is thus proposed via dense water cascading favoured by a sea-level low, subsequent restriction of the Chalk Sea and associated gravity currents responsible for the resuspension of fine clastic deposits from the margins of the Baltic Shield.
Old chalk, new tricks: revisiting the Lower Cretaceous carbonates of the Danish Central Graben
Authors: Jelby Mads E. , Ineson Jon R. , Sheldon Emma , Anderskouv Kresten 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The Lower Cretaceous (upper Hauterivian–Albian) pelagic and hemipelagic carbonates of the Tuxen and Sola Formations in the Danish Central Graben, North Sea, constitute one of the oldest chalk successions recorded globally, but have received less attention than the Upper Cretaceous–Danian Chalk Group. This paper presents an updated depositional model for the succession drawn from synthesis of the latest published sedimentological and stratigraphic results, and correlation of 11 wells in the Valdemar, Boje, Adda and Tyra Fields. Four depositional sequences, deposited on a relatively deep subphotic shelf, record
c.
20 Myr of transgressive–regressive cycles, including: (1) late Hauterivian–earliest Barremian highstand and differential subsidence, resulting in aggradation across a westward-dipping ramp; (2) early Barremian eastern (Adda Field) inversion causing plateau condensation, sediment bypass and sourcing of gravity flows, followed by lowstand-controlled basin isolation and associated anoxia (Munk Marl Bed), and finally late Barremian tectonic quiescence and highstand with deposition of clean reservoir chalk; (3) latest Barremian lowstand causing filling of local depocentres, interrupted by early Aptian transgression-controlled anoxia during the global Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (Fischschiefer Member), and finally late Aptian highstand; and (4) latest Aptian–earliest Albian lowstand causing local erosion and heightened influx of clay.
Put Your Voice on Stage: Personalized Headline Generation for News Articles
Authors: Ao Xiang , Luo Ling , Wang Xiting , Yang Zhao , Chen Jiun-Hung , Qiao Ying , He Qing , Xie Xing 
Published: November 2023

In this article, we study the problem of personalized news headline generation, which aims to produce not only concise and fact-consistent titles for news articles but also decorate these titles as personalized irresistible reading invitations by incorporating readers’ preferences. We propose an approach named
PNG
(
P
ersonalized
N
ews headline
G
enerator) by utilizing distant supervision in readers’ past click behaviors to resolve. First, user preference representations are learned through a knowledge-aware user encoder that comprehensively captures the genuine, sequential, and flash interests of users reflected in their historical clicked news. Then, a user-perturbed pointer-generator network is devised to accomplish the headline generation in which the learned user representations implicitly affect the word prediction. The proposed model is optimized by reinforcement learning solvers where indicators on factual, personalized, and linguistic aspects of the generated headline are regarded as rewards. Extensive experiments are conducted on the real-world dataset PENS,

1

which is a large-scale benchmark collected from Microsoft News. Both the quantitative and qualitative results validate the effectiveness of our approach.