bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant disease identification using contextual mask auto‐encoder optimized with dynamic differential annealed optimization algorithm
Authors: Prasannakumar M. , Latha K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMost of the food consumed worldwide is produced by plants. Plant disease is a major cause of reduced production, but can be managed with regular monitoring. Manually observing plant diseases takes more time and is error‐prone. Early detection of plant diseases with the aid of artificial intelligence and computer vision can decrease the effects of disease and help plants withstand the downsides of continuing surveillance. In this manuscript, plant disease identification using contextual mask auto‐encoder optimized with dynamic differential annealed optimization algorithm (PDI‐CMAE‐DDAOA) is proposed. The plant village dataset is used to collect the images. Then the image is fed to preprocessing. Using an adaptive self‐guided filter approach, the noise is removed from the input images during the pre‐processing phase. The result of the pre‐processing section serves as input for the feature extraction segment. Four statistical features, including mean, variance, entropy, and kurtosis, are recovered from the cosine similarity hidden Markov model (CSHMM). The contextual mask auto‐encoder (CMAE) is given the extracted features to accurately classify the healthy and unhealthy regions of the plant image. The issue of slow convergence affects the CMAE. However, it is noted that the CMAE converges more quickly with deep learning features than with texture features in this instance. The CMAE classifier generally does not exhibit any adaptation of optimization algorithms for determining the best parameters to ensure the precise classification of plant disease. Therefore, dynamic differential annealed optimization algorithm (DDAOA) is considered to enhance the CMAE classifier, which accurately distinguishes between healthy and diseased plants. The proposed PDI‐CMAE‐DDAOA is done in Python. The efficacy of PDI‐CMAE‐DDAOA is evaluated under some performance metrics, like accuracy, precision, sensitivity, F1‐score, specificity, error rate, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), computational time. The proposed method provides higher accuracy 23.34%, 34.33%, and 32.07%; higher sensitivity 36.67%, 36.33%, and 23.21%; higher F1‐score 46.67%, 57.56%, and 43.21%; higher specificity 56.67%, 67.56%, and 23.21% analyzed with existing models, like transfer learning‐based deep ensemble neural network for plant leaf infection recognition (PDI‐DENN), plant disease detection with hybrid model based on convolutional auto‐encoder and convolutional neural network (PDI‐CAE‐CNN), and automatic and reliable leaf disease finding depending on deep learning methods (PDI‐EN‐CNN), respectively.Research Highlights
To find the plant disease at early stage.
To present PDI‐CMAE‐DDAOA.
To get better classification accuracy by extracting the optimal features with the help of efficient CSHMM.
To minimize the error during classification process.
To maximize high area under curve value.
The effects of annual cycle, source population, and body condition on leukocyte profile and immune challenge in a basal reptile, the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus)
Authors: Lamar Sarah K. , Frank Hannah K. , La Flamme Anne , Gartrell Brett , Ormsby Diane , Nelson Nicola 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLeukocyte profiles are broadly used to assess the health status of many species. Reference intervals, and an understanding of the factors that may influence these intervals, are necessary for adequate interpretation of leukograms. Using a data set that spans over three decades, we investigated variation in leukocyte profile in several populations of the evolutionarily unique reptile, the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus). To do this, we first established reference intervals for each leukocyte type according to best practices. Next, we determined that source population and sampling date were the two most important predictors of leukocyte makeup. We found significant differences in the ratio of heterophils: lymphocytes (H:L) between populations, with tuatara on the more resource‐stressed sampling island having a significantly higher ratio of H:L. Finally, we found that sampling location, sex, and life stage did not explain variation in the responses of tuatara to stimulation with Concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide in both 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐di‐phenyltetrazolium bromide and Griess assay experiments. Our results offer important insight into the function of leukocytes in reptiles.
Increasing compound hazard of landfalling tropical cyclones in China during 1980–2020
Authors: Tan Hongjian , Cai Rongshuo , Guo Ziyan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIdentifying the geographical regions where tropical cyclone (TC) activities are changing most is critical for policymakers to develop long‐term strategies for coastal disaster prevention. However, the key concerns for assessing the variation trends of the regional hazard caused by landfalling TCs are limited by data availability in the spatio‐temporal coverage and homogeneity. In this study, based on the high spatio‐temporal resolution ERA5 reanalysis data and a quasi‐Lagrangian approach, we investigate the long‐term variation trend of the compound hazard resulting from wind and precipitation during the landfall of the TCs in the coastal areas of China from 1980 to 2020. Two hotspot areas of TCs hazards are identified, one in the Taiwan Strait and surrounding areas, and the other in the Hainan Island and the northern South China Sea. The observed compound hazard in the former hotspot area shows a noticeable increasing trend over the past 40 years at a rate of 5% per year, while the latter hotspot area displays a robust decreasing trend. This variation pattern of the hazard trend is mainly attributed to the increased frequency of intense TCs (typhoon intensity grade and above) and the northward movement of TC track in China. The number of intense landfalling TCs in southeastern China nearly tripled in 2000–2019 compared to those in 1980–1999. The widespread increase in the compound hazard also suggests a rise in the disaster risk for the middle‐ and high‐latitude coastal regions of China, which require an immediate development and execution of advanced prevention strategies.
Tourism in ASEAN‐5: A novel panel unit‐root test for shocks persistence with gradual structural breaks and common factors
Authors: Husein Jamal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigates whether shocks to tourist arrivals in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand (ASEAN‐5) are permanent or transitory, given the frequent and severe external shocks experienced by the tourism industry. Using monthly data from 2000 to 2019, we employ a novel panel unit‐root test that controls for cross‐correlations, multiple gradual structural breaks, and other nonlinearities present in the data to assess the stationarity properties of tourist arrivals. Additionally, we apply a panel unit‐root test that controls for cross‐correlations and allows for abrupt structural changes for robustness. The empirical findings reveal that shocks to tourist arrivals in the ASEAN‐5 countries exert persistent effects. Our results demonstrate nonstationarity within the series, illuminated by our careful consideration of both gradual and abrupt structural breaks. This finding underscores the necessity for policy interventions to mitigate the impact of adverse shocks on the tourism industry.
Knowledge sharing and knowledge protection: An investigation of interorganizational collaboration in China
Authors: Song Chao , Yu Kaidong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe effective management of knowledge sharing and protection poses a critical challenge for enterprises engaged in interorganizational collaboration. Prior research has indicated that knowledge sharing and protection are often viewed as incompatible or even contradictory organizational behaviors. This study presents a more comprehensive theoretical framework that takes into account both knowledge sharing and protection. To investigate the relationships between influential antecedent factors and collaborative performance outcomes, we conducted a survey involving 247 knowledge‐intensive manufacturing companies in China. The study contributes to the field by developing a conceptual model for understanding knowledge sharing and protection, and it also provides practical value through the introduction of “Knowledge Sharing and Protection Guidelines.” These guidelines are designed to assist enterprises in enhancing their individual performance, expanding their market share, and bolstering their competitiveness. Simultaneously, they aim to foster innovation and create market advantages for all stakeholders engaged in interorganizational collaboration, ultimately leading to improvement in overall performance.
A space‐for‐time framework for forecasting the effects of ocean stratification on zooplankton vertical habitat use and trait composition
Authors: Matthews Stephanie A. , Ohman Mark D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe effects of environmental change on zooplankton communities, and more broadly, pelagic ecosystems are difficult to predict due to the high diversity of ecological strategies and complex interspecific interactions within the zooplankton. Trait‐based approaches can define zooplankton functional groups with distinct responses to environmental change. Analyses across multiple mesozooplankton groups can help identify key organizing traits. Here, we use the pronounced cross‐shore environmental gradient within the California Current Ecosystem in a space‐for‐time substitution to test potential effects of ocean warming and increased stratification on zooplankton communities. Along a horizontal gradient in sea‐surface temperature, water column stratification, and light attenuation, we test whether there are changes in zooplankton species composition, trait composition, and vertical habitat use. We employ DNA metabarcoding at two loci (18S‐V4 and COI) and digital ZooScan imaging of zooplankton sampled in a Lagrangian manner. We find that vertical distributions of many mesozooplankton taxa shift to deeper depths in the cross‐shore direction, and light attenuation is the strongest predictor of magnitude of change. Vertical habitat shifts vary among functional groups, with changes in vertical distribution most pronounced among carnivorous taxa. Herbivorous taxa remain associated with the chlorophyll maximum, especially in clear offshore waters. Our results suggest that increased stratification of this ocean region will lead to deeper depths occupied by some components of epipelagic mesozooplankton communities, and may result in zooplankton communities with more specialized feeding strategies, increased egg brooding, and more asexual reproduction.
Family History of AD/Dementia, Polygenic Risk Score for AD, and Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Xu Xinming , Li Yaqi , Wang Jian , Cao Yaying , Feng Chengwu , Guo Yi , Zong Geng , Sun Liang , Gao Xiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCo‐occurrence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) has been observed. However, there is limited knowledge on how family history of AD is associated with PD.ObjectivesTo prospectively examine the associations of family history of AD/dementia and polygenic risk score for AD (AD‐PRS) with PD risk.MethodsThe study included 477,190 participants from UK Biobank who were free of PD at baseline (2006–2010) and had complete data on the studied exposure variables, family history of AD and AD‐PRS. Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of family history of AD/dementia and AD‐PRS for PD risk. We also conducted mediation analysis to examine the proportion of the association between family history of AD/dementia and PD risk that could be mediated by AD‐PRS.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 12.5 years, we identified 2550 incidences of PD. Family history of AD/dementia (adjusted HR = 1.21; 95% CI 1.09–1.35) and AD‐PRS (adjusted HR = 1.10 per 1 unit increment; 95% CI 1.05–1.14) were associated with PD risk, after adjustment for age, sex, lifestyle factors, and other potential confounders. The association between family history of AD/dementia and PD risk was mediated by 13.1% by the AD‐PRS. As expected, we observed significant associations of family history of AD/dementia and AD‐PRS with risks of dementia and AD (P < 0.001 for all).ConclusionsFamily history of AD/dementia appeared to be associated with PD risk, and this association could be mediated partially by AD‐related genetic factors.
Hearing characteristics and otoradiological abnormalities in three patients with novel pathogenic variants of KMT2D‐related Kabuki syndrome
Authors: Zheng Zhoushu , Ding Lu , Wang Meihong , Zhang Yinghui , Yang Yihui , Tang Ming , Xu Jun , Wang Liangjiong , Wu Junhua , Li Haibo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundKabuki syndrome 1 (KS1; OMIM:147920), which is characterized by distinctive dysmorphic facial features (such as arched eyebrows, long palpebral fissures with eversion of the lower lid, and large protuberant ears), intellectual disability, short stature, and dermatoglyphic and skeletal abnormalities, is brought on by pathogenic variants in KMT2D (OMIM:602113). In this work, three individuals with novel pathogenic KMT2D gene variants had their longitudinal audiological manifestations and ear structural characteristics outlined.MethodsThe longitudinal audiological data from neonatal hearing screening and a battery of several hearing tests were evaluated. The battery of hearing tests included tympanometry, distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), click‐evoked air‐conduction auditory brain‐stem response (AC‐ABR), click‐evoked bone‐conduction auditory brain‐stem response (BC‐ABR), narrow band CE‐chirp auditory steady‐state response (NB CE‐chirp ASSR), and pure‐tone audiometry (PTA). Phenotype identification and whole exome sequencing (WES) were performed on recruited individuals.ResultsAll three patients (two females and on male; last evaluations at 14 months, 11 months, and 5.7 years, respectively) failed the newborn hearing screening, and the audiological follow‐up data revealed mild to profound fluctuating hearing loss, which was directly influenced by the incidence and severity of otitis media with effusion (OME). When OME occurred, the AC‐ABR thresholds increased from 30–75 dBnHL to 45–90 dBnHL. The threshold for the BC‐ABR and BC‐PTA was between 25 and 50 dBnHL, indicating mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) pictures indicated that all three patients had middle and inner ear abnormalities. Middle ear anomalies showed as diminished mastoid gasification and ossicle dysplasia. Cochlear dysplasia, a dilated vestibule, fusion of the vestibule with the horizontal semicircular canals, and a short and thick horizontal semicircular canal were visible on images of the inner ear. This study recruited three individuals with three novel pathogenic variants (c.5104C>T, c.10205delA, and c.12840delC) of KMT2D who were identified at ages 27 days, 2 months, and 5.5 years.ConclusionsHearing characteristics of three individuals with three novel pathogenic variants of KMT2D range from mild to profound fluctuating hearing loss with mild to moderate SNHL. HRCT scans showed that all three individuals had anatomical middle and inner ear abnormalities. KS 1 patients must get clinical therapy for OME, frequent auditory monitoring, and prompt intervention.
Technical note: Optimization functions for re‐irradiation treatment planning
Authors: Ödén Jakob , Eriksson Kjell , Svensson Stina , Lilley John , Thompson Christopher , Pagett Christopher , Appelt Ane , Murray Louise , Bokrantz Rasmus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough re‐irradiation is increasingly used in clinical practice, almost no dedicated planning software exists.PurposeStandard dose‐based optimization functions were adjusted for re‐irradiation planning using accumulated equivalent dose in 2‐Gy fractions (EQD2) with rigid or deformable dose mapping, tissue‐specific α/β, treatment‐specific recovery coefficients, and voxelwise adjusted EQD2 penalization levels based on the estimated previously delivered EQD2 (EQD2deliv).MethodsTo demonstrate proof‐of‐concept, 35 Gy in 5 fractions was planned to a fictitious spherical relapse planning target volume (PTV) in three separate locations following previous prostate treatment on a virtual human phantom. The PTV locations represented one repeated irradiation scenario and two re‐irradiation scenarios. For each scenario, three re‐planning strategies with identical PTV dose‐functions but various organ at risk (OAR) EQD2‐functions was used:

reRTregular: Regular functions with fixed EQD2 penalization levels larger than EQD2deliv for all OAR voxels.
reRTreduce: As reRTregular, but with lower fixed EQD2 penalization levels aiming to reduce OAR EQD2.
reRTvoxelwise: As reRTregular and reRTreduce, but with voxelwise adjusted EQD2 penalization levels based on EQD2deliv.

PTV near‐minimum and near‐maximum dose (D98%/D2%), homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI) and accumulated OAR EQD2 (α/β = 3 Gy) were evaluated.ResultsFor the repeated irradiation scenario, all strategies resulted in similar dose distributions. For the re‐irradiation scenarios, reRTreduce and reRTvoxelwise reduced accumulated average and near‐maximum EQD2 by ˜1–10 Gy for all relevant OARs compared to reRTregular. The reduced OAR doses for reRTreduce came at the cost of distorted dose distributions with D98% = 92.3%, HI = 12.0%, CI = 73.7% and normal tissue hot spots ≥150% for the most complex scenario, while reRTregular (D98% = 98.1%, HI = 3.2%, CI = 94.2%) and reRTvoxelwise (D98% = 96.9%, HI = 6.1%, CI = 93.7%) fulfilled PTV coverage without hot spots.ConclusionsThe proposed re‐irradiation‐specific EQD2‐based optimization functions introduce novel planning possibilities with flexible options to guide the trade‐off between target coverage and OAR sparing with voxelwise adapted penalization levels based on EQD2deliv.
Solver‐free classical computational homogenization for nonlinear periodic heterogeneous media
Authors: Beel Andrew , Fish Jacob 
Published: November 2023

AbstractModeling the behavior of composite materials is an important application of computational homogenization methods. Classical computational homogenization (CCH), based on asymptotic analysis, is such a method. In CCH, equilibrium equations are separated into two length scales and solved numerically. Solving the fine‐scale equilibrium equations at every coarse‐scale Gauss point, in every iteration of a Newton–Raphson loop, is often too computationally expensive for real engineering applications. In this study, we propose a modified CCH approach that avoids solving the fine‐scale equilibrium equations. The proposed method, which we call solver‐free CCH, works by pre‐computing a set of eigenstrain influence function tensors based on data from a small number of numerical experiments. Then, during the online stage of the computation, these eigenstrain influence tensors are used in the fine‐scale problem to evaluate and homogenize strains and stresses. This article begins by formulating the solver‐free CCH approach for small‐deformation problems involving composites with nonlinear constituent phase material models, including computation of the eigenstrain influence tensors and their application within the online stage. To verify the proposed approach, we consider loading cases outside the training set used to derive the eigenstrain influence tensors. The combinational efficiency and accuracy of the solver‐free CCH in comparison to the conventional CCH is studied on a multilayer composite plate in three point bending (3pt‐bend) and open hole tension.
Perfectly matched layers for peridynamic scalar waves and the numerical discretization on real coordinate space
Authors: Du Yu , Zhang Jiwei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNonlocal perfectly matched layers (nonlocal PMLs) for nonlocal wave equations and the corresponding numerical discretization to solve the reduced PML problems on bounded domains are studied. The nonlocal PMLs are derived by combining the Laplace transform and the analytical continuation into the complex plane. The discrete scheme defined on the complex space may lead to a spurious imaginary part of the numerical solution and has a large computational cost. Here we design some new nonlocal PMLs and numerical schemes and prove that they are on the real space, which is much efficient comparing with the complex space. The accuracy and effectiveness of our approaches are illustrated by some numerical examples.
An adolescent boy with kleptomania and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder treated with methylphenidate and guanfacine: A case report
Authors: Miyazaki Kensuke , Uchiyama Michiko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe present the case of a patient, a boy of 16 years of age at initial presentation, with kleptomania, an impulse disorder characterized by an impulse to steal unneeded items, and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The patient's parents reported that he would frequently impulsively steal items and money that he did not need. Cognitive and physical assessments revealed no abnormalities, and the patient had no history of substance abuse. The patient was diagnosed with kleptomania and ADHD. The patient was started on Osmotic Release Oral System Methylphenidate (OROS‐MPH), a medication commonly used to treat ADHD, and experienced improvement in ADHD symptoms and stealing behavior. At 19 years of age, it was discovered that the patient's behavioral symptoms were uncontrolled during times of the day when the blood concentration of MPH was likely to have waned. After starting an additional dose of guanfacine at night, his symptoms during these times of day improved. While existing research is not definitive, there may be a connection between ADHD and kleptomania. Further, there are some reports that treatment of ADHD with MPH also reduced stealing behavior, aligning with our present findings. We discuss the potential mechanisms behind these improvements and further present the first evidence of the efficacy of guanfacine in the treatment of kleptomania.
Use and continuity of weight‐modifying medications among adults with diabetes and overweight/obesity: US population study
Authors: Galindo Rodolfo J. , Uppal Tegveer S. , McCoy Rozalina G. , Umpierrez Guillermo E. , Ali Mohammed K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTrends in use and continuity of use of diabetes‐specific and non‐diabetes weight‐reducing (WR), weight‐inducing (WI), and weight‐neutral (WN) medications were examined among US adults with diabetes and overweight/obesity.MethodsSerial cross‐sectional data from Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys (2010–2019) for adults (≥18 years) with diabetes and BMI ≥27 kg/m2 (≥25 kg/m2 for Asians) were analyzed.ResultsAmong 7402 US adults with diabetes and overweight/obesity (mean age 60.0 years [SD 13], 50% female), 64.9% of participants used any WI medications, decreasing from 68.9% (95% CI: 64.3%–73.5%) in 2010 to 58.6% (95% CI: 54.7%–62.5%) in 2019. It was estimated that 13.5% used WR medications, increasing 3.31‐fold, from 6.4% (95% CI: 4.1%–8.7%) to 21.2% (95% CI: 18.0%–24.4%) and that 73.1% used WN medications, ranging from 70.5% (95% CI: 66.5–74.6) to 75.0% (95% CI: 71.7%–78.4%). Among adults using diabetes‐specific WI (53.7%), WR (7.1%), and WN (62.4%) medications during the first year, 7.3%, 16.4%, and 9.0% discontinued it in the second year, respectively.ConclusionsOver 2010–2019, 64.9% of adults with diabetes and overweight/obesity were treated with WI medications, 13.5% with WR medications, and 73.1% with WN medications. Discontinuation of WR medications was nearly twice that of WI medications.