bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antenatal diagnosis of lethal osteopetrosis
Authors: Sen C. , Madazli R. , Aksoy F. , Ocak V. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe describe a case of the lethal form of osteopetrosis diagnosed prenatally by ultrasonography. Anomalies detected on ultrasound examination at 18 weeks' gestation included skeletal hyperdensity, communicating hydrocephalus and short long bones. At 21 weeks' gestation, cordocentesis was performed to measure the levels of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. The fetus was aborted at 22 weeks' gestation. The diagnosis of osteopetrosis was confirmed by postmortem radiological and histopathological analysis. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Repeatability of measurement of fetal nuchal translucency thickness
Authors: Pandya P. P. , Altman D. G. , Brizot M. L. , Pettersen H. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of this prospective study was to assess the repeatability of measurement of fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10–14 weeks' gestation. The nuchal translucency was measured by two of four operators in 200 pregnant women attending the Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine at 10–14 weeks' gestation. To assess repeatability of different components of variability, six measurements of nuchal translucency were made on each fetus, with a total of 1200 measurements. The data of this study demonstrate that 95% of the time the intraobserver, interobserver and caliper placement repeatability of measuring fetal nuchal translucency were less than 0.54 mm, 0.62 mm and 0.58 mm, respectively. In addition, the repeatability was unrelated to the size of the nuchal translucency. The findings of this study demonstrate that, when the nuchal translucency thickness is measured by well‐trained operators, the measurement is highly reproducible. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Endometrial blood flow response to estrogen replacement therapy and tamoxifen in asymptomatic, postmenopausal women: a transvaginal Doppler study
Authors: Achiron R. , Lipitz S. , Frenkel Y. , Mashiach S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate endometrial blood flow characteristics in response to estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) and tamoxifen in asymptomatic postmenopausal women, and to correlate the resistance index (RI) with plasma estradiol levels. Transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound examinations were performed in 30 asymptomatic, postmenopausal women who demonstrated thin endometria (< 0.5 cm). Ten healthy women receiving ERT and ten women with breast cancer receiving tamoxifen comprised the study groups. Ten postmenopausal women free of any hormonal treatment comprised the control group. Blood flow response was assessed by visualization of arterial waveforms in the endometrial region. Resistance indices were calculated for analysis and correlated with peripheral blood levels of estradiol. All postmenopausal women treated with tamoxifen or ERT showed continuous forward end‐diastolic flow velocities, while the menopausal women without treatment demonstrated partial forward end‐diastolic flow. Resistance index values of non‐treated women were invariably higher (mean 0.89, range 0.85–0.91) than in those on tamoxifen (mean 0.79, range 0.54–0.90; p < 0.05), while the lowest RI was obtained in women taking ERT (mean 0.66, range 0.54–0.90; p < 0.05). The plasma concentrations of estradiol in women on ERT were found to be significantly higher than those of the tamoxifen and control groups. The observed data suggest that ERT and tamoxifen modify normal postmenopausal endometrial perfusion. Tamoxifen had a weaker estrogenic effect on the endometrial blood flow resistance, and ERT enhanced endometrial blood perfusion through vasodilatation. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Endometrial evaluation in postmenopausal breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen: an ultrasound, color flow Doppler, hysteroscopic and histological study
Authors: Exacoustòs C. , Zupi E. , Cangi B. , Chiaretti M. , Arduini D. , Romanini C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of tamoxifen therapy on the endometrium by transvaginal color Doppler sonography, hysteroscopy and endometrial sampling. The study group (tamoxifen group) was composed of 38 asymptomatic postmenopausal women. All had been treated with tamoxifen (20–30 mg/day) for breast cancer for at least 1 year. The patients of the tamoxifen group underwent transvaginal color Doppler sonography, hysteroscopy and, if necessary, endometrial biopsy. Thirty asymptomatic post menopausal women (control group) and 25 asymptomatic postmenopausal breast cancer patients not on tamoxifen therapy (no‐tamoxifen group) served as the control groups. The endometrium was scanned by transvaginal ultrasound to evaluate thickness, echotexture, border and intraluminal fluid. Color and pulsed Doppler were used to evaluate the pulsatility (PI) and resistance (RI) indices of the uterine and endometrial arteries when possible. The patients receiving tamoxifen had a significantly thicker endometrium compared to the control groups. Endometrial pathology was observed in 61% (23/38) of cases and an endometrial thickness of ⩾ 10 mm was always associated with an endometrial lesion. Nineteen benign endometrial polyps were found, most of them having a typical sonographic endometrial pattern with regular borders and small hypoechoic cystic areas which we define as polypoid. Four endometrial hyperplasias, one of these atypical were observed. There were no endometrial cancers. The mean PI and RI of the uterine arteries in the tamoxifen group were 2.04 ± 0.77 and 0.82 ± 0.1, respectively and were significantly lower than those of the control group (2.93 ± 0.9 and 0.93 ± 0.06) and the no‐tamoxifen group (2.53 ± 0.7 and 0.89 ± 0.1). The blood velocity changes were very similar to those described in postmenopausal women receiving estrogen replacement therapy. A correlation between the time of beginning tamoxifen therapy after menopause and development of endometrial pathology was observed: in patients who started therapy many years after the onset of menopause, the risk of developing endometrial pathology was higher than in those who began therapy a few years after the onset of menopause. Patients receiving tamoxifen, particularly those who start therapy many years after the onset of menopause, should be closely monitored by transvaginal ultrasound and color Doppler imaging to detect endometrial lesions. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Intraobserver reproducibility of transvaginal Doppler measurements in uterine and intraovarian arteries in regularly menstruating women
Authors: Tekay A. , Jouppila P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe intraobserver reproducibility of the pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and maximum peak systolic velocity (MPSV) measurements in uterine and intraovarian arteries was assessed in ten regularly menstruating women by means of transvaginal pulsed Doppler ultrasound. Three different sources of variation in repeat measurements, i.e. beat‐to‐beat, between‐frame and temporal variability, were studied using the coefficient of variation (CV) and intra‐class correlation coefficients. Beat‐to‐beat and between‐frame variabilities in all Doppler parameters were negligible. The following figures were obtained from the assessment of temporal variability. The uterine artery PI and MPSV measurements had a CV of 10% and 15%, respectively. Intra‐class correlation coefficients for these parameters were 0.99 and 0.88, respectively. In the intraovarian arteries, the CV was between 15 and 19% for the PI and between 8 and 12% for the RI. The CV values for intraovarian MPSV measurements were 14 and 16%. In contrast, the intra‐class correlation coefficients for the intraovarian MPSV measurements showed considerable variation, from 0.63 to 0.68. Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry proved to be a reliable method. The PI and RI measurements in the intraovarian arteries were also reproducible. In contrast, the inconsistency observed in velocity measurements in the intraovarian arteries raises some doubt as to the reliability of these measurements. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Detection of appendicitis by transvaginal ultrasound: a case report
Authors: Larcos G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTransvaginal ultrasound was performed in a 35‐year‐old woman with right iliac fossa discomfort in whom initial transabdominal images revealed no abnormality. A thickened hyperemic appendix with appendicolith was identified; subsequent surgery and pathological examination confirmed appendicitis. Transvaginal ultrasound may be valuable in women with suspected appendicitis when standard views are normal or equivocal. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Choroid plexus cysts: not associated with Down syndrome
Authors: Bromley B. , Lieberman E. , Benacerraf B. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe sought to determine whether there is an association between choroid plexus cysts identified in the second‐trimester fetus and trisomy 21. Over a 7‐year period, fetuses scanned between 14 and 22 weeks were prospectively evaluated for the presence of choroid plexus cysts. Follow‐up on fetuses with choroid plexus cysts was obtained by review of the medical records. Over the same time period, the scans and reports of all fetuses with trisomy 21 detected in our laboratory by mid‐trimester amniocentesis were reviewed. The prevalence of choroid plexus cysts in fetuses with and without trisomy 21 were compared by means of χ2 analysis. A total of 473 fetuses with choroid plexus cysts were identified among 32 053 second‐trimester fetuses. Sixteen fetuses were lost to follow‐up, three had structural defects and normal karyotypes and 21 had abnormal karyotypes, two of which were trisomy 21. Other abnormal karyotypes included trisomy 18, unbalanced translocation and triploidy, previously reported elsewhere. The remaining 433 fetuses either had normal karyotypes or were normal newborns. The prevalence of choroid plexus cysts (excluding fetuses with trisomy 18) was 1.38% in our general population. During the study period, 143 fetuses with trisomy 21 were karyotyped in our laboratory, and two of these (1.40%) had choroid plexus cysts. Both had other sonographic abnormalities suggesting trisomy 21. The difference in prevalence of fetuses with choroid plexus cysts and trisomy 21 vs. those without trisomy 21 was not statistically significant (χ2 = 0.98; relative risk (RR) = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.26, 4.03). We conclude that choroid plexus cysts occur with similar frequency in fetuses with trisomy 21 to that in fetuses from the general population. The finding of choroid plexus cysts should not be used to increase the patient's calculated risk of having a fetus with trisomy 21. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Three‐dimensional saline contrast hysterosonography and surface rendering of uterine cavity pathology
Authors: Weinraub Z. , Maymon R. , Shulman A. , Bukovsky J. , Kratochwil A. , Lee A. , Herman A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA new technique that combines saline contrast hysterosonography with three‐dimensional surface rendering for the visualization of uterine intracavitary pathologies is described. A total of 32 patients suspected of having uterine cavity pathologies on the basis of previous ultrasonography, hysterosalpingography or hysteroscopy were involved in the study. They were examined by three‐dimensional high‐frequency endovaginal probes (Combison 530, Kretztechnik, Zipf, Austria), with normal saline used as an expander and contrast medium. Three perpendicular planes could be evaluated simultaneously, and surface renderings were readily available. Following the instillation of normal saline, the uterine cavity appears as an echo‐free, well‐defined structure, and the endometrium appears as an echogenic homogeneous lining around the cavity. Data acquisition time is short and images can be stored for later evaluation.Surface rendering of polypoid structures shows ecbogenie masses on a pedicle protruding into the uterine cavity. Submucous fibroids appear as mixed echogenic sites bulging into the cavity. Intrauterine synechiae appear as bands of varying thickness traversing the uterine cavity.Simultaneous display of the zone of interest in three perpendicular planes enhances imaging capabilities, while surface rendering provides a comprehensive overview of the surface area of the findings and their topographical orientation. Further research using this new technique is required to document its real contribution to ultrasonographic imaging. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
A comparative analysis of second‐trimester ultrasound dating formulae in pregnancies conceived with artificial reproductive techniques
Authors: Mul T. , Mongelli M. , Gardosi J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA dataset of 64 pregnancies conceived by artificial reproductive techniques was studied to assess the accuracy of second‐trimester dating formulae when these were applied in routine ultrasound clinics in different centers. Dating formulae for biparietal diameter (BPD) and femur length (FL) were derived for a gestational age range of 14–23 weeks. The best fit curves represented linear equations: gestational age (days) = 44.2 + 2 × 13PD; and gestational age (days) = 67.4 + 2.3 × FL.Twelve published formulae for biparietal diameter and femur length were reviewed and systematic and random errors were calculated for these formulae when they were applied to second‐trimester scan measurements in precisely dated pregnancies. Overall, published dating formulae performed well in predicting gestational age. The 95% confidence interval was 8.3 days for biparietal diameter and 10.2 days for femur length. The study confirms the accuracy of ultrasound dating in routine ultrasound clinics and supports the use of ultrasound measurement alone in preference to menstrual history for dating pregnancy. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Ultrasonographic and radiologic visualization of the developing embryonic skeleton
Authors: van Zalen‐Sprock R. M. , Brons J. T. J. , van Vugt J. M. G. , van der Harten H. J. , van Geijn H. P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe investigated the development of the skeleton in the embryonic and early fetal period both with ultrasonography and radiology. Eight normal embryos/fetuses were studied weekly with real‐time transvaginal sonography between 8 and 16 weeks of gestation to establish the ultrasonographic characteristics of normal ossification. Additionally, ossification was studied in radiographs obtained from five embryos/fetuses between 9 and 14 weeks of gestation.Ossification centers, visualized as increased echogenicity of the bones, were recognized with ultrasonography from 9 weeks onwards. The appearance of primary ossification centers as observed by transvaginal ultrasonography was at the same gestational age or at most 1 week later than when obtained with radiography or whole‐specimen staining techniques.Transvaginal ultrasonography enables early visualization of ossification centers in the embryo and fetus. Detailed knowledge of the development of ossification of the skeleton may contribute to early prenatal diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
New charts for ultrasound dating of pregnancy
Authors: Altman D. G. , Chitty L. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe describe new charts and tables for dating pregnancies derived from data collected in a study designed to enable the construction of these and charts of fetal size. This was a prospective study in which 663 fetuses seen in the routine ultrasound clinic in a London teaching hospital were scanned once only for the purpose of this study.We discuss the statistical methodology in detail and compare the new charts with other published charts. We suggest that the differences seen may be due to variation in study methodology. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
How to construct ‘normal ranges’ for fetal variables
Authors: Royston P. , Wright E.M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA method to estimate reference intervals which depend on gestational age is described. The approach is based on standard statistical techniques, so implementation should be straightforward with most statistical packages. The reference limits are defined by simple formulae which may be plotted as smooth curves. The method is illustrated with analyses of three real datasets arising from different aspects of fetal monitoring. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The use of transvaginal ultrasound and saline infusion sonohysterography for the evaluation of asymptomatic postmenopausal breast cancer patients on tamoxifen
Authors: Schwartz L.B. , Snyder J. , Horan C. , Porges R.F. , Nachtigall L.E. , Goldstein S.R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTamoxifen has been shown to decrease the recurrence rate of breast cancer. Evidence that tamoxifen use may be associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer has caused investigators to recommend routine invasive sampling. We have assessed a minimally invasive alternative for endometrial surveillance of tamoxifen‐treated patients utilizing transvaginal ultrasound and saline infusion sonohysterography.Asymptomatic women (n = 44) with breast cancer on postoperative tamoxifen treatment were referred to our gynecological ultrasound unit. Initially, the endometrial echo was measured with unenhanced transvaginal ultrasound. If a distinct echo measured ≤ 5 mm, no further procedure was performed. For thickened or inadequately visualized echoes, sonohysterography was performed. If a thin echo was noted on sonohysterography, no further procedure was performed. If focal changes were detected, hysteroscopy/dilatation and curettage (D&C) was performed. For generalized symmetrically thickened echoes, a blind biopsy was done. If sonohysterography was unsuccessful, hysteroscopy/D&C was performed.Eleven (25%) patients had thin unenhanced echoes of ≤ 5 mm. Twenty‐five (57%) patients had thickened endometrial echoes. Three (7%) had naturally occurring endometrial fluid outlining a polyp. An endometrial echo could not be visualized in five (11%) patients. Sonohysterography was successfully performed in 21 out of 30 (70%) patients with either thickened or non‐visualized unenhanced echoes. Of these, two patients had thin endometria with coexisting myomas; seven had thin endometria with typical tamoxifen‐induced subendometrial changes; and seven had focal polypoid thickening confirmed by hysteroscopyl/D&C. Histology revealed carcinoma associated with two, proliferation in one and four polyps. Five patients had thickened unenhanced echoes with symmetrically thickened single‐layer measurements on sonohysterography. Histology revealed that three were proliferative, one was inactive and one was hyperplastic. In the nine patients with unsuccessful sonohysterography, hysteroscopy/D&C revealed inactive endometria in six, and three Polyps.Our paradigm of evaluating the endometrial response to tamoxifen is concluded to overcome the shortcomings of either unenhanced transvaginal ultrasound or blind biopsy alone while it kept the number of invasive sampling procedures to 5.5% (24 out of 44). Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Recurrent bilateral theca lutein cysts in association with normal pregnancy
Authors: Al‐Harbi O. , Al‐Saleem A. , Al‐Tayeb O. , Baez Giangreco A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe describe a case of a 28‐year‐old Saudi patient, gravida 6, para 5, at 14 weeks' gestation, who had recurrent bilateral theca lutein cysts during her last three pregnancies. The cysts were treated surgically during her fourth pregnancy because of acute abdomen at 20 weeks' gestation. Ovarian biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of theca lutein cysts and her pregnancy continued until term. In the last two pregnancies, the theca lutein cysts were managed conservatively by serial ultrasound examination and they resolved spontaneously. There was no history of molar pregnancy or use of ovulation‐inducing drugs. The possibility that there was increased sensitivity of the ovarian tissue to human chorionic gonadotropin is discussed. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Inter‐twin membrane folding in monochorionic pregnancies
Authors: Sebire N. J. , D'Ercole C. , Carvelho M. , Sepulveda W. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study examines the value of assessing inter‐twin membrane folding in monochorionic twin pregnancies in the prediction of twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome. In 83 monochorionic twin pregnancies ultrasound scans were carried out at 10–14, 15–17 and 19–21 weeks to investigate folding of the inter‐twin membrane as an early sonographic feature of inter‐twin discrepancy in amniotic fluid volume. There were 23 (28%) cases of membrane folding, which was first observed in one case at 10–14 weeks, in 21 cases at 15–17 weeks and in another case at 24 weeks. In 12 (52%) of the 23 cases the pregnancy progressed to severe twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome and 10 of these were treated by endoscopic laser coagulation of the placental vascular anastomoses. In the other 11 cases there was a moderate syndrome with large discrepancies in amniotic fluid volume and fetal size, persisting throughout pregnancy. In the severe group, five pregnancies resulted in live birth of both babies, three in live birth of one and intrauterine death of the other twin and in four cases there were no survivors. In the moderate group, all babies survived and the inter‐twin disparity in birth weight was more than 20%. Similarly, all 60 pregnancies with no membrane folding resulted in live births. In all three groups there was an increase in inter‐twin disparity in fetal size with gestation and the greatest inter‐twin disparities were in those with moderate twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome from as early as the 10–14‐week scan. These findings demonstrate that folding of the inter‐twin membrane occurs in about one‐quarter of monochorionic twins and in about half of these there is subsequent development of severe twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology