bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eating‐related thought suppression in high and low disinhibitors
Authors: Oliver Kylie G. , Huon Gail F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the effects of the attempts by high and low disinhibitors to suppress thoughts about food and eating.MethodSeventy‐seven females who differed in level of disinhibition were asked to monitor their thoughts about food and eating for three 5‐min periods. Participants were administered either a suppression or a nonsuppression instruction relating to thoughts about food and eating. The number of food‐related thoughts were recorded. Self‐report ratings of anxiety, distress, perceived frequency of thoughts, control over thoughts, and strategies used to control thoughts were also obtained.ResultsLow disinhibitors who were instructed to suppress had more food‐related thoughts than high disinhibitors who were instructed to suppress. The reverse was true in the nonsuppression condition. High disinhibitors reported higher levels of anxiety and distress. Furthermore, high disinhibitors had less difficulty controlling their thoughts than low disinhibitors when asked to suppress, whereas the reverse was true when they did not receive suppression instructions. Thought control strategies were found to correlate significantly with anxiety ratings, self‐reported frequency of intrusions, actual number of thought intrusions, and distress.DiscussionHigh disinhibitors are able to successfully suppress their thoughts about food and eating, at least across relatively short periods of time. However, there appears to be associated negative consequences. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 329–337, 2001.
Transient response in a dc–dc converter employing load‐current feedforward control
Authors: Kanemaru Shoji , Nabeshima Takashi , Nakano Tadao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLoad‐current feedforward control applied to a voltage‐controlled buck‐type dc–dc converter is proposed in order to reduce output voltage deviation. The design conditions that optimize the transfer characteristics of the current transformer for load current sensing are identified by introducing the integral of the square of the output voltage deviation as a performance index. An effective region of feedforward control limited by the saturation characteristics of the PWM is considered quantitatively. The usefulness of the proposed method and the stability problem when the bulk capacitor is added to the load are examined. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(8): 14–22, 2001
Applying the DCMP adaptive array to the OFDM‐CDMA systems
Authors: Uraguchi Takeshi , Kikuma Nobuyoshi , Inagaki Naoki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt is known that DS/CDMA has extremely good interference suppression characteristics. However, due to the correlation of the spreading code, interference occurs and the communication quality is degraded. In order to resolve this problem, various systems have been proposed that suppress interference by means of adaptive arrays. In this paper, we propose a system for operating a DCMP adaptive array based on estimation of the array propagation vector of the desired signals in the OFDM‐CDMA communication system by the ESPRIT algorithm. In this application, correlation between the arriving waves is suppressed by adaptive spatial smoothing using the frequency characteristics of the OFDM signals. In order to determine the effectiveness of the proposed system, a computer simulation is used for analysis of the fundamental characteristics and the nature of the mutual coupling between elements. It is found that the system works well as a DCMP adaptive array and that separated reception of correlated multiple waves is possible. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(11): 44–53, 2001
A grid array antenna with C‐figured elements
Authors: Kawano Toru , Nakano Hisamatsu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe radiation characteristics of grid antennas are investigated. A balanced feed grid array antenna (a balanced feed GA), which radiates a linearly polarized wave and is used as a reference antenna, has a half‐power beamwidth (HPBW) of 19° in the ϕ = 0° plane and 18° in the ϕ = 90° plane. The gain of the balanced feed GA is calculated to be 19.1 dBi. It is shown that a circularly polarized wave is obtained when C‐figured elements are added to the balanced feed GA. The rotation angle of the C‐figured elements for a right‐hand circularly polarized wave is ϕrot= 135°, while that for a left‐hand circularly polarized wave is ϕrot= 45°. The HPBW and gain of the balanced feed CGA are almost the same as those of the balanced feed GA. In addition to the balanced feed GA and CGA, unbalanced feed GA and CGA are also analyzed. It is found that the HPBW of the unbalanced feed GA is almost the same as that of the balanced feed GA. Similarly, the HPBWs of the unbalanced feed CGA and the balanced feed CGA are almost the same. The axial ratio and gain of the unbalanced feed CGA at the center frequency are 0.2 dB and 17.3 dBi, respectively. The frequency bandwidths for the axial ratio and gain of the unbalanced feed CGA are calculated to be both approximately 8%. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(1): 58–68, 2002
Construction and evaluation of agent domain knowledge for flexible videoconference system
Authors: Doke Sung , Karahashi Takuji , Suganuma Takuo , Kinoshita Tetsuo , Shiratori Norio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper discusses a method to configure agent domain knowledge base, which is used to improve flexibility of videoconference systems, where flexibility means the ability to absorb the change in the system and provide an easy‐to‐use service. For the knowledge (INTER Knowledge) for interagent cooperation that enables interservice adjustment of flexible videoconference systems, we propose a new architecture, Meta‐INTER Model, whose aim is to dynamically switch strategies and flexibly cope with problems taking into account properties of problems and progress of problem solving. Also, we apply the Meta‐INTER Model to a flexible videoconference system. We show that more advanced flexibility can be implemented by this model so that interagent cooperation in flexible videoconference systems can be executed effectively, and systems can cope with stricter constraints, compared with prior models. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(2): 69–80, 2002
A Method of Decreasing the Harmonic Distortion for Inverter Microwave Oven
Authors: Bessyo Daisuke , Yasui Kenji , Nakaoka Mutsuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMicrowave ovens for home use generate microwaves with a magnetron. Since the magnetron is a diode vacuum tube with a nonlinear load characteristic, the power supply current is distorted. A scheme is used for control of the inverter power supply to drive the magnetron so that the class A standard value of the guideline for home and general‐purpose harmonic prevention is met. In this paper, a control method is reported that simultaneously provides harmonic suppression of the inverter power supply using a voltage resonant circuit and the zero voltage switching. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(4): 23–32, 2002
Fast algorithm for indoor microcell area prediction system using ray‐tracing method
Authors: Imai Tetsuro , Fujii Teruya 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn mobile communication systems such as cordless telephones, it is extremely important to understand the service area if the base station is placed indoors. However, within a building, there exist walls, pillars, and partitions, so that accurate establishment of the propagation prediction formula has been difficult. A method that can accurately estimate the electric field intensity for a complex layout such as an indoor environment is the ray‐tracing method. In this method, the electric field intensity can be estimated rather easily by deriving only the geometrical tracing between the transmitter and receiver. However, if the number of structural components such as walls, pillars, and partitions is increased, the processing time increases drastically. Therefore, it is indispensable to increase the processing speed in order to make this method practical. In the present paper we propose (1) the HY‐RAYT method, (2) the ray‐receiving model, and (3) the component search method, which allow high‐speed processing via the ray‐tracing method. The estimation accuracy and reduction of the computational effort are discussed. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(6): 41–52, 2002
SMEM algorithm for mixture regression problems
Authors: Suzuki Satoshi , Ueda Naonori 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe investigate applications of the SMEM (Split and Merge EM) algorithm to regression problems. We use the NGnet (Normalized Gaussian network) as a mixture regression model in which a set of input and output variables is dealt with as a joint probability. We describe the split and merge operations and criteria necessary for applying the SMEM algorithm to the NGnet. We show the usefulness of the SMEM algorithm for regression problems through experiments using artificial and real data. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(12): 54–62, 2001
Radiation characteristics analysis of broad area laser diodes and the proposal of improvement methods
Authors: Morimoto Naoyuki , Toda Tomoaki , Takano Tadashi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn a broad‐area laser diode (LD) having a wide stripe width, a Gaussian pattern is not obtained in the near field (NFP) and the far field pattern (FFP) has multiple peaks, which is known as filamentation. Thus, when used in communications, the losses in the side lobes are large, and antenna directivity problems develop. In this paper, we solve the wave motion equation and the dispersion equation to explain the radiation characteristics during filamentation. In particular, we explain the relationship between the phase distribution at the LD facets and the NFP and FFP. We also investigate the improvements in the radiation characteristics by examining the phase distribution at the facets and the injected current distribution in the direction perpendicular to the wave propagation direction. The results showed that the FFP can be a single peak with a side lobe suppression ratio of −13.4 dB when phase correction having two peaks was performed at the facets. The results also showed effective narrowing of the current distribution. ©2002 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(3): 40–49, 2002
A vehicle parking detection method using image segmentation
Authors: Yamada Keiichi , Mizuno Morimichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA method of individual vehicle detection using grayscale images acquired from a high position is proposed for guidance of incoming vehicles to vacant cells in a parking lot and other similar purposes. With the proposed method, each image region corresponding to a cell is fragmented according to density (gray level), and the distribution of segment area is analyzed to decide if a vehicle is present. Reference images taken in vacant state are not needed, hence the method can be easily applied to parking lots in continuous service. Shape features are not employed, hence detection is performed independent of car shape. The proposed method was tested on an actual outdoor parking lot during 4 days with different weather conditions from sunrise through sunset. The results confirmed the efficiency of the proposed method, with the detection rate being over 98.7%. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 84(10): 25–34, 2001
A bus delay reduction technique considering crosstalk
Authors: Hirose Kei , Yasuura Hiroto 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecently, progress in shrinking CMOS process technology and increasing chip size has made interconnect delay a serious problem in deep micron LSI design. The interconnect delay is maximized by the influence of crosstalk when adjacent wires simultaneously switch in opposite transient directions. This paper proposes an on‐chip bus delay reduction technique based on shifting the signal transition timing of adjacent wires. From an equation for the approximate bus delay, delay reduction can be achieved by applying the proposed technique to repeater‐inserted on‐chip buses. The result of SPICE simulation also shows that at most a 20% reduction of the total bus delay can be achieved. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(1): 24–31, 2002
Order counting of elliptic curves defined over finite fields of characteristic 2
Authors: Izu Tetsuya , Kogure Jun , Noro Masayuki , Yokoyama Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlgorithms for counting the order of the rational points group are indispensable for the random selection of secure elliptic curves used in cryptosystems. In the case of curves over fields having large characteristics, it is possible to use the SEA (Schoof–Elkies–Atkin) algorithm [3, 5, 16], but in the case of elliptic curves defined over finite fields of characteristic 2, the SEA algorithm can be applied only in a modified form. In the case of characteristic 2, the authors implemented the Lercier [10] and Couveignes [2] algorithms, and combined them with an improved Intelligent Choice System [7, 8] proposed by the authors earlier. It was confirmed that in the case of characteristic 2 the combination of these methods allows for a fast generation of secure curves. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(1): 62–70, 2002
Error Spectrum Shaping in Two‐Dimensional Separable‐Denominator Digital Filters
Authors: Hinamoto Takao , Nakamoto Masayoshi , Higashi Keisuke 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the implementation of recursive digital filters, the characteristics might be degraded due to finite word length effects. The degradation generates noise at the filter output which is caused by roundoff errors in the product quantization. A technique called error spectrum shaping (ESS) can be applied to suppress the noise. ESS usually relies on the use of feedback of roundoff errors and sometimes their feedforward. In this paper, a technique is developed for ESS in two‐dimensional separable‐denominator digital filters by applying both feedback and feedforward of roundoff errors. A two‐dimensional separable denominator is implemented with the minimum number of delay elements and includes two quantizers. A genetic algorithm is also applied to obtain the suboptimal discrete solution of feedback–feedforward coefficients for the purpose of cost reduction. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the utility of the proposed technique. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(4): 10–19, 2002
A new method of characteristic analysis for three‐phase induction motors
Authors: Ishikawa Hiroki , Murai Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGenerally speaking, the characteristics of induction motors (IM) are analyzed by means of the equivalent circuit withd–qtransformation. Although this method is simple, the magnetic flux distributions in the stator and rotor are defined as sinusoidal waves. Therefore, the equivalent circuits become relatively complex for the high‐frequency components and transient states. For detailed analysis, the finite element method (FEM) is used. The FEM can take account of the influence of skewed rotor bars and slots, and of the skin coefficient. However, the calculation time is very long for high‐frequency components and transient analysis. We therefore propose a new method of characteristic analysis for IM. The proposed method analyzes the magnetic flux simply based on the construction of the IM. It can analyze transient and steady states and high‐frequency components regardless of the type of source. The influence of skewed rotor bars and slots can also be treated simply. This paper describes the method of analysis, presents the results of the proposed method and compares them with experimental results, and describes thed–qtransition. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 135(4): 64–75, 2001
A circulating current control scheme for multiple three‐level NPC inverter systems
Authors: Okayama Hideo , Koyama Masato , Ise Toshifumi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn recent years, motor drive systems for steel rolling mills have been steadily increasing in capacity. In particular, the development of three‐level NPC (Neutral Point Clamped) inverters is now focusing on the replacement of cycloconverters. In order to satisfy such a requirement, in this paper a multiple three‐level NPC inverter system is proposed. The configuration consists of two three‐level NPC inverters with the same configuration connected in parallel by current limiting reactors. In this case, the circulating current flowing between the two three‐level NPC inverters must be controlled to prevent a decrease in the maximum output capacity. In particular, a new method for control of the circulating current is a major topic of discussion. The method is based on space voltage vector‐based PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control for the three‐level NPC inverters and the circulating current is controlled by adjusting the output durations of the respective space voltage vectors. In this method the circulating current controller can be decoupled from the motor current controller. Therefore, it is possible to design the different controllers independently. In addition, the experimental results obtained using an induction motor show that the circulating current can be reduced to within 2% of the rated motor current when the motor current response exceeds 1000 rad/s. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 136(2): 38–48, 2001
Flexible network integrated supervisory control for power systems based on distributed objects
Authors: Seki Tomomichi , Seki Toshibumi , Tanaka Tatsuji , Watanabe Hadime 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper introduces the flexibility of SCOPE (System Configuration Of PowEr control system) which is a new architecture to realize flexible and reliable supervisory control for power systems. Energy Management Systems/Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (EMS/SCADA) systems are usually geographically distributed and have hierarchical operational organizations. They are continuously changing in accordance with various requirements and varying environments. Therefore, they should be flexible enough to adapt to those changes quickly. SCOPE classifies programs in conventional electric power systems into three hierarchical layers: application‐dependent part, power system‐dependent part, and computer system‐dependent part. The power system‐dependent part realizes flexibility for changing of power system equipment and operational organization, by introducing an enhanced abstract function of object‐oriented technology. Therefore, SCOPE architecture enables EMS/SCADA systems to be flexible, and also enables development efficiently and economically. Through developing and evaluating a SCOPE prototype system, it has been confirmed that the flexibility of EMS/SCADA systems had been improved. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 136(4): 34–46, 2001
A fundamental study on electrical insulation of N2/SF6 gas‐insulated electric power apparatus
Authors: Sato Hitoshi , Morita Keiichi , Kikkawa Takashi , Hayakawa Naoki , Okubo Hitoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we carried out a case study on fundamental insulation design for the application of N2/SF6 gas mixtures to a 275‐kV gas‐insulated busbar. First, we investigated the impulse ratio in N2/SF6 gas mixtures and point out that the insulation design might be based on the negative switching impulse voltage in the case of lower SF6 content. Second, we estimated the tank diameter and SF6 gas amount with consideration of the electric field strength on conductor surface and temperature rise in gas mixtures. We clarified that the tank diameter at the lower SF6 content is mainly determined by the electric field strength on the conductor surface and quantified the optimum gas pressure and SF6 content for a target reduction of SF6 gas amount. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 139(4): 9–16, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.1163
Sea and regional planning—overcoming the institutional constraints: some lessons from the EU
Authors: Glasson John , Gosling Jim 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe long lasting debate on the need for a European Directive on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) now seems to be approaching closure, with a common position agreed by the European Council in December 1999, albeit applied to plans and programmes only and not to government policy. This paper considers the institutional structures within which such a directive would be implemented, structures far more complicated than those met by the project EIA Directive 97/11.This paper reviews the existing but limited application of SEA to plans in Europe, in particular to regional plans, using an existing framework for the institutional analysis of integrated water management developed by Mitchell. The application of SEA to plans for regional structural funding by the European Commission, to regional and sub‐regional plans in England, the Netherlands and Spain, suggests that it is the overall context that influences the observed variations in both SEA and plan‐making practice. This highlights in particular the strength of the politico‐environmental lobby and the relative powers of planning, sectoral and environmental executives. Approaches to SEA can be modelled as incremental (The Netherlands), stapled (Spain) and concurrent (England). It is perhaps the latter model, an iterative and multi‐staged but ‘weaker’ approach to SEA, that offers a future route to a wider form of sustainability appraisal.How well the more formal and ‘stronger’ application of SEA required by the European Union integrates into existing institutional structures remains to be seen. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Transport and environment: policy directions for europe
Authors: Tinch Robert 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTransport externalities are among the most important environmental problems affecting quality of life in Europe. Forecasts suggest that past environmental improvements may now be rolled back by traffic growth, and current traffic trends are not sustainable. The theory of environmental policy proposes pricing external costs at their marginal social costs as one solution. Although full marginal social cost pricing is impracticable, advances in tolling technology and environmental valuation mean that it is now a viable option to approximate such charging. There are signs that the European Commission and other bodies are starting to favour pricing over regulatory instruments. However, often overlooked is the potential for non‐convexities in the transport sector or between transport and the rest of the economy. For example it may be that small increases in resources for public transport would not result in welfare gains, whereas large increases would. Non‐convexities would mean that market forces under marginal social cost pricing might lead away from the optimal transport system. This is one reason why pricing instruments cannot in themselves be a panacea for transport externalities or bring about a sustainable transport system. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment