bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nubian Levallois Technology During MIS 5: Refitted Lithic Sequences and OSL Ages of Dimona South, Israel, and Their Broader Implications
Authors: Oron Maya , Hovers Erella , Porat Naomi , Roskin Joel , Abulafia Talia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The site of Dimona South is a knapping locality in the Negev desert of Israel, situated at the raw material source. A test excavation followed by a salvage excavation conducted during 2020 revealed a partly buried archaeological layer that was exposed over an area of ~ 40 m2 and yielded a well-preserved lithic assemblage. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of sediments within and above the archaeological layer fall within MIS 5. With a lithic assemblage dominated by Nubian Levallois technology, this site provides a rare opportunity for analysis of a well-dated, in situ Nubian assemblage. A refitting study in combination with an attribute analysis of the whole assemblage allowed the reconstruction of the Nubian reduction sequence. Our analyses indicate that a specifically pre-planned Nubian point production system existed at the site. It is characterized by the early preparation of an acute distal ridge and its careful maintenance throughout the reduction process until the cores were exhausted. These characteristics stand out from most Levantine Middle Paleolithic assemblages.
The discovery of Dimona South allows us to revisit some of the technological issues at the heart of debates about Levallois Nubian technology that could not be addressed from analyses of partial surface assemblages. These new data from a secure and dated context are crucial to the inter-site and regional technological comparisons, informing our views of the Nubian technology and its role in the Middle Paleolithic world of eastern Africa, Arabia and the Levant.
The ART of Readiness: A Practical Tool for Implementation Tailoring at the Activity Level
Authors: Scott Victoria C. , LaMarca Tara Kenworthy , Hamm Debra , Tolley Annalise J. , Rachel Sharon A. , Wandersman Abraham 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe field of implementation science has made notable strides to enhance the practice of tailoring through the development of implementation strategy taxonomies (e.g., Expert Recommendations for Implementation Change; Waltz et al., In Implement Sci 10:109, 2015) and numerous tailoring methodologies (e.g., concept mapping, conjoint analysis, group model building, and intervention mapping; Powell et al., In J Behav Health Serv Res 44:177–194, 2017). However, there is growing concern about a widening gap between implementation science research and what is practical in real-world settings, given resource and time constraints (Beidas et al., In Implement Sci 17:55, 2022; Lewis et al., In Implement Sci 13:68, 2018). Overly complex implementation strategies and misalignment with practitioner priorities threaten progress in the field of implementation science. As solutions to the burgeoning threats, implementation science thought leaders have suggested using rapid approaches to contextual inquiry; developing practical approaches to implementation strategy design, selection, and tailoring; and embracing an embedded implementation science researcher model that prioritizes partner needs over researcher interests (Beidas et al., In Implement Sci 17:55, 2022). Aligned with these recommendations, we introduce the Activity Readiness Tool (ART)—a brief, practitioner-friendly survey that assesses discrete determinants of practice through an implementation readiness lens. We illustrate how the tool can be used as a rapid approach to facilitate implementation efforts in a case example involving a national integrated care initiative. The ART can serve as a quick, user-friendly companion to an array of existing evidence-based tailoring methods and tools.
Brain-computer interface based generative design framework: an empirical multi-domain application exploration based on human-factors and form-generation interactive mechanisms
Authors: Guo Zhe , Zhang Zihuan , Li Zao , Hu Yi , Qian Yuandi , Cheng Nengming , Yuan Philip F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHuman experience in an architectural space is defined as the state of mind that is reflected on their physiological, emotional, and cognitive statuses. Ergonomic data, as an objective manifestation of quantifiable signals generated by the human body during specific spatial perception processes, serves as a vital foundation for spatial evaluation and guidance for optimization. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, as quantifiable sensory indicators directly arising from the interaction between individuals and external stimuli, hold substantial potential as a data-driven force and as a means of optimization assessment in the study of generative design. Although existing research has effectively established a unidirectional relationship between EEG and spatial-environment assessment, there is still a notable deficiency in addressing the creation of a two-way, mutually informative feedback mechanism. This study investigates the applicability of EEG signals as a data-driven basis for generative design across universal methods. It delves into various scales and scenarios of digital design, from the microscopic to the macroscopic, encompassing planar and volumetric visual elements, the design of architectural spatial environmental characteristics, and urban space design grounded in human perceptual sightlines. The research examines the viability and appropriateness of an interactive generative design method based on form generation, predicated on human-factor physiological data exemplified by EEG signals. This paper initially conducts a methodological and tool-based examination of current research in ergonomics-driven design and the use of EEG for design assessment, thereby discussing the objective feasibility of employing EEG in interactive generative design. Subsequently, the study establishes an integrated data flow system encompassing multiple hardware and software components to form a comprehensive workflow. Following this setup, empirical studies based on this method are conducted at different scales of application, yielding corresponding form-generative outcomes. Finally, this paper substantiates the rationality and feasibility of this framework in multi environment design domains.
A national survey of sedation practice and clinicians’ attitudes regarding sedation-related research in the UK paediatric intensive care units
Authors: Mitting Rebecca , Tume Lyvonne N. , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan ,   on behalf of the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group (PCCS-SG)
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Aims
Research involving analgo-sedation is a priority for parents and professionals in paediatric intensive care, and current guidelines are based on low-quality evidence. Future research will require an understanding of current practice and research priorities of healthcare professionals. This survey aimed to identify perceived barriers to research, describe the current UK analgo-sedation practice and assess outcome priorities for future research.

Methods
A 26-question web-based survey was emailed to all Paediatric Critical Care Society members (n=1000) in April/May 2021. Responses were analysed either by ‘unit’ or at the individual respondent level. Questions related to four patient categories: ‘infant (< 3 months of age) ‘paediatric’ > 3 months of age, ‘cardiac’ and ‘non-cardiac’.

Results
Two hundred sixteen healthcare professionals responded and responses were available from 100% of the UK paediatric intensive care units (n=29) for all questions. Most units (96%, 28/29) routinely use scoring systems for sedation adequacy but few routinely screen for delirium (24%, 7/29). The most highly prioritised outcome measure was the duration of mechanical ventilation. Respondents were most likely to agree to randomise paediatric general intensive care patients to trials comparing two different alpha agonists and least likely to randomise neonatal cardiac patients to trials comparing benzodiazepines with alpha agonists. The most common perceived barrier to research was unit familiarity with a particular regimen, followed by the perception that parents would not provide consent.

Conclusions
This study provides a snapshot of the UK analgo-sedation practice and highlights the importance of public involvement in planning future trials, as well as consultation work across the spectrum of stakeholder clinicians to maximise the acceptability of study design.
Artin algebraization for pairs with applications to the local structure of stacks and Ferrand pushouts
Authors: Alper Jarod , Hall Jack , Halpern-Leistner Daniel , Rydh David 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We give a variant of Artin algebraization along closed subschemes and closed substacks. Our main application is the existence of étale, smooth or syntomic neighborhoods of closed subschemes and closed substacks. In particular, we prove local structure theorems for stacks and their derived counterparts and the existence of henselizations along linearly fundamental closed substacks. These results establish the existence of Ferrand pushouts, which answers positively a question of Temkin–Tyomkin.
Armed group formation in civil war: ‘Movement’, ‘insurgent’, and ‘state splinter’ origins
Authors: Shesterinina Anastasia , Livesey Michael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHow do non-state armed groups form in intra-state armed conflicts? Researchers have started to disaggregate armed groups, but we still know little about how armed groups emerge in different ways. Drawing on the literature on social movements, civil wars, and civil–military relations, we generate a typology of ‘movement’, ‘insurgent’, and ‘state splinter’ origins of armed groups. We argue that fundamentally different dynamics of conflict shape armed group origins in the context of broad-based mobilisation, peripheral challenges to the state, and intra-regime fragmentation. Armed groups that emerge in these contexts in general differ in their initial membership and leadership, the basic organisational dimensions that we focus on. We demonstrate the utility of our typology by mapping different origins of armed groups onto existing cross-national data and charting type narratives in illustrative cases. This discussion advances recent efforts to understand the importance of armed group emergence for outcomes of interest to conflict scholars by moving beyond either separate types of origins or highly disaggregated organisational analyses to broader conflict dynamics through which armed groups form, with implications for how these groups act. Future research should consider different origins which we identify in comparison through an in-depth analysis of armed groups’ complex histories.
Direct and indirect associations of experience of racial discrimination, dietary patterns and obesity in adults from southern Brazil
Authors: Fanton Marcos , Rodrigues Ylana Elias , Schuch Ilaine , de Lima Cunha Caroline Marques , Pattussi Marcos Pascoal , Canuto Raquel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To analyse the direct and indirect associations of experience of racial discrimination on dietary patterns (DP), obesity and abdominal obesity.

Design:
This is a cross-sectional population-based study. The main exposure was self-reported experiences of racial discrimination (Experiences of Discrimination scale). The mediator variables were the DP: healthy, Brazilian traditional, sugar and carbohydrates, and fast food. The outcomes were obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 88 cm for women; ≥ 102 cm for men). Structural equation modelling was applied.

Setting:
Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Participants:
Totally, 400 adults aged between 20 and 70 years were participated.

Results:
The mean age of participants was 47·2 years (sd = 13·9), and 75 % were women. Experiencing racial discrimination had a positive direct effect on obesity (healthy DP: β = 0·153, P < 0·05; Brazilian DP: β = 0·156, P < 0·05; sugar and carbohydrates DP: β = 0·156, P < 0·05; and fast-food DP: β = 0·153, P < 0·05) and abdominal obesity (healthy DP: β = 0·206, P < 0·01; Brazilian DP: β = 0·210, P < 0·01; sugar and carbohydrates DP: β = 0·204, P < 0·01; and fast-food DP: β = 0·204, P < 0·01). The experience of racial discrimination did not have a direct effect on DP, nor did it exert an indirect effect on obesity and abdominal obesity through any DP.

Conclusions:
A higher experience of racial discrimination is associated with obesity and abdominal obesity, independent of diet.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE REDUCED PERIPHERAL SYSTEM OF LINKS
Authors: Audoux Benjamin , Meilhan Jean-Baptiste 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe reduced peripheral system was introduced by Milnor [18] in the 1950s for the study of links up to link-homotopy, that is, up to homotopies leaving distinct components disjoint; this invariant, however, fails to classify links up to link-homotopy for links of four or more components. The purpose of this paper is to show that the topological information which is detected by Milnor’s reduced peripheral system is actually 4-dimensional. The main result gives indeed a complete characterization of links having the same reduced peripheral system, in terms of ribbon solid tori in 4–space up to ribbon link-homotopy. The proof relies on an intermediate characterization given in terms of welded diagrams up to self-virtualization, hence providing a purely topological application of the combinatorial theory of welded links.
Ozone Concentration Estimation and Meteorological Impact Quantification in the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei Region Based on Machine Learning Models
Authors: Luo Zheng , Lu Peilan , Chen Zhen , Liu Run 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAccurate estimation of ozone (O3) concentrations and quantitative meteorological contribution are crucial for effective control of O3 pollution. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in leveraging machine learning for O3 pollution research due to its advantages, such as high accuracy, strong generalization, and ease of use. In this study, we utilized meteorological parameters obtained from european center for medium—range weather forecasts (EMCWF) Reanalysis v5 data as input and employed five distinct machine learning methods to estimate values of maximum daily 8‐hr average (MDA8) O3 concentrations and analyze meteorological contributions. To improve the accuracy and generalization capabilities of the estimation, we employed Grid SearchCV techniques to select optimal parameters and mitigate the risk of overfitting. Additionally, we incorporated meteorological normalization and the SHAP model to quantify the influence of various parameters. Among the models evaluated, the Extreme Gradient Boost model exhibited exceptional performance from 2015 to 2022, yielding determination coefficients of 0.85 and 0.80 for the training and test data sets, respectively. The outcomes of meteorological normalization revealed that meteorological parameters accounted for 87.7% of the impacts in 2018, while emission‐related factors constituted 80.8% of the impacts in 2021. Over the period spanning 2015–2022, 2 m temperature emerged as the most influential parameter affecting daily MDA8 O3 concentration, with an average contribution of 9.4 μg m−3.
Programmable directional color dynamics using plasmonics
Authors: Kim Gyurin , Kim Doeun , Ko Soeun , Han Jang-Hwan , Kim Juhwan , Ko Joo Hwan , Song Young Min , Jeong Hyeon-Ho 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdaptive multicolor filters have emerged as key components for ensuring color accuracy and resolution in outdoor visual devices. However, the current state of this technology is still in its infancy and largely reliant on liquid crystal devices that require high voltage and bulky structural designs. Here, we present a multicolor nanofilter consisting of multilayered ‘active’ plasmonic nanocomposites, wherein metallic nanoparticles are embedded within a conductive polymer nanofilm. These nanocomposites are fabricated with a total thickness below 100 nm using a ‘lithography-free’ method at the wafer level, and they inherently exhibit three prominent optical modes, accompanying scattering phenomena that produce distinct dichroic reflection and transmission colors. Here, a pivotal achievement is that all these colors are electrically manipulated with an applied external voltage of less than 1 V with 3.5 s of switching speed, encompassing the entire visible spectrum. Furthermore, this electrically programmable multicolor function enables the effective and dynamic modulation of the color temperature of white light across the warm-to-cool spectrum (3250 K–6250 K). This transformative capability is exceptionally valuable for enhancing the performance of outdoor optical devices that are independent of factors such as the sun’s elevation and prevailing weather conditions.
Long-term effects of lumbar flexion versus extension exercises for chronic axial low back pain: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Park Chul-Hyun , Beom Jaewon , Chung Chun Kee , Kim Chi Heon , Lee Mi Yeon , Park Myung Woo , Kim Keewon , Chung Sun Gun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the long-term effects of flexion- and extension-based lumbar exercises on chronic axial low back pain (LBP). This was a 1-year follow-up of a prospective, assessor-blind, randomized controlled trial. Patients with axial LBP (intensity ≥ 5/10) for > 6 months allocated to the flexion or extension exercise group. Patients underwent four sessions of a supervised treatment program and were required to perform their assigned exercises daily at home. Clinical outcomes were obtained at baseline, 1, 3, 6 months, and 1-year. A total of 56 patients (age, 54.3 years) were included, with 27 and 29 in the flexion and extension groups, respectively. Baseline pain and functional scales were similar between both groups. The mean (± standard deviation) baseline average back pain was 6.00 ± 1.00 and 5.83 ± 1.20 in the flexion and extension groups, respectively. At 1-year, the average pain was 3.78 ± 1.40 and 2.26 ± 2.62 (mean between-group difference, 1.52; 95% confidence interval 0.56–2.47; p = 0.002), favoring extension exercise. The extension group tended to have more improvements in current pain, least pain, and pain interference than the flexion group at 1-year. However, there was no group difference in worst pain and functional scales. In this controlled trial involving patients with chronic axial LBP, extension-based lumbar exercise was more effective in reducing pain than flexion-based exercises at 1-year, advocating lumbar extension movement pattern as a component for therapeutic exercise for chronic LBP.Clinical Trial Registration No.: NCT02938689 (Registered on www.clinicaltrial.gov; first registration date was 19/10/2016).
Elicitation and aggregation of multimodal estimates improve wisdom of crowd effects on ordering tasks
Authors: Yoo Yeawon , Escobedo Adolfo R. , Kemmer Ryan , Chiou Erin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe present a wisdom of crowds study where participants are asked to order a small set of images based on the number of dots they contain and then to guess the respective number of dots in each image. We test two input elicitation interfaces—one elicits the two modalities of estimates jointly and the other independently. We show that the latter interface yields higher quality estimates, even though the multimodal estimates tend to be more self-contradictory. The inputs are aggregated via optimization and voting-rule based methods to estimate the true ordering of a larger universal set of images. We demonstrate that the quality of collective estimates from the simpler yet more computationally-efficient voting methods is comparable to that achieved by the more complex optimization model. Lastly, we find that using multiple modalities of estimates from one group yields better collective estimates compared to mixing numerical estimates from one group with the ordinal estimates from a different group.
Structural characteristics and influencing factors of a spatial correlation network for tourism environmental efficiency in China
Authors: Liao Zhenjie , Zhang Lijuan , Wang Xuanfei , Liang Shan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe tourism industry in China presents uneven tourism efficiency but deepening spatial associations; thus, tourism resources must be more rationally allocated. In this study, the highly efficient SBM model was used to measure the tourism environmental efficiency of 31 provinces in China. A spatial correlation network is then constructed based on the gravity model, and the structural characteristics and influencing factors of the network are analyzed. The results show that (1) the overall tourism environmental efficiency in China presents a fluctuating growth trend, with significantly higher values observed in the eastern region than in the central and western regions; moreover, the growth in efficiency in the eastern region has been relatively stable in recent years, that in the central region has increased, while that in the western region has significantly declined. (2) A spatially linked network with a stable tourism environmental efficiency structure has been formed in China. The number of network relations and density of the network fluctuate and increase, while the network efficiency continues to decrease; however, a strong small-world nature is observed. (3) An obvious network core–edge structure is observed, with Shanghai, Beijing, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu at the center showing a significant intermediary role and remote provinces such as Tibet, Xinjiang, Ningxia, and Inner Mongolia at the edge showing fewer connections. (4) The four major plates of China based on the CONCOR algorithm are sparsely connected internally and show strong inter-plate connections and spillover effects. (5) The industry support capacity difference matrix, technological development level difference matrix, transportation accessibility difference matrix, and environmental regulation level difference matrix significantly and positively affect spatial associations, while the geographical distance matrix significantly and negatively affect spatial association relationship establishment. These findings have important theoretical and practical significance for the sustainable development of tourism in China's provinces and cities.
Pan-cortical electrophysiologic changes underlying attention
Authors: Lesser Ronald P. , Webber W. R. S. , Miglioretti Diana L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe previously reported that pan-cortical effects occur when cognitive tasks end afterdischarges. For this report, we analyzed wavelet cross-coherence changes during cognitive tasks used to terminate afterdischarges studying multiple time segments and multiple groups of inter-electrode-con distances. We studied 12 patients with intractable epilepsy, with 970 implanted electrode contacts, and 39,871 electrode contact combinations. When cognitive tasks ended afterdischarges, coherence varied similarly across the cortex throughout the tasks, but there were gradations with time, distance, and frequency: (1) They tended to progressively decrease relative to baseline with time and then to increase toward baseline when afterdischarges ended. (2) During most time segments, decreases from baseline were largest for the closest inter-contact distances, moderate for intermediate inter-contact distances, and smallest for the greatest inter-contact distances. With respect to our patients’ intractable epilepsy, the changes found suggest that future therapies might treat regions beyond those closest to regions of seizure onset and treat later in a seizure’s evolution. Similar considerations might apply to other disorders. Our findings also suggest that cognitive tasks can result in pan-cortical coherence changes that participate in underlying attention, perhaps complementing the better-known regional mechanisms.