bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Falsifications as a source of myth-making in the historiography of Baron R.F. Ungern
Authors: Kuzmin Sergius 
Published: October 2023

The article discusses different kinds of falsifications of documents, memoirs and artifacts as one of the sources of making mythologized narratives on the life and activity of Baron R.F. von Ungern-Sternberg (1886–1921), one of well-known warlords during the Civil War in Russia, who restored the independence of Outer Mongolia in the year 1921. Falsifications and hyperbolizations of events became important factors influencing the development of the historiography of Ungern. The most important cause of these falsifications and hyperbolizations was ideologization. Ideological and propagandistic clichés were broadly used by both sides, “red” and “white”, of the confrontation during the Civil War in Russia and the Bolsheviks-aided revolution of 1921 in Mongolia. Studies of documents, memoirs, mass media, scientific and popular publications revealed that these more or less similar labels were introduced into historical discourse mainly as a result of multiyear repetitions of the same ideological clichés. Examples of different kinds of falsifications are given. A number of items of phaleristics connected with the Asiatic Cavalry Division, commanded by R.F. Ungern, are the objects made after this division ceased to exist. Some texts claimed to be documents, related and/or written by R.F. Ungern, which were published in scientific journals, were demonstrated to be fakes. Some of these materials, indicated as documents from Russian state archives, were found to be really absent from these archives. It is concluded that the fact of publication of a document does not mean its authenticity. In some cases a document&apos;s published version may also contain falsifications
How Powerfully and Rapidly Are Developing Countries Catching Up with the Advanced Economies?
Authors: Meliantsev Vitalii A. 
Published: October 2023

The article, based on a number of author’s calculations and models, shows that if in the advanced economies (AEs), despite their preservation of leading positions in modern technologies, due to the loss of their demographic dividend, deindustrialization and contraction in the rate of capital formation, there is a cascade slowdown in the growth rate of per capita GDP and total factor productivity (TFP), the situation in developing countries (DCs) is on the whole more optimistic.
Although (a) many DCS are experiencing acute social problems, (b) AEs are pursuing a policy of detainment of the growth of a number of DCs, they on the whole, thanks to the success of China, India, other, predominantly Asian DCs that have implemented pragmatic reforms and export-oriented industrialization, have made significant progress.
In the last two decades DCs on the whole outperformed the AEs in terms of capital investment efficiency by 2.5 times, in average growth rates of industrial production and TFP - by five and two times, respectively. Their share in world GDP, which has risen by a factor of 1.5 to 3/5 over the past forty years, may, according to available forecasts, increase to ¾ by the middle of the century. In about three decades, the ratio of economic power of the countries of the East and the South and the countries of the West (in favor of the former) will quite possibly be approximately the same as it was in the planetary economy before the industrial revolution and colonial enslavement of the former by the latter.
Calendar and astronomical knowledge of the inhabitants of the Yagnob river valley
Authors: Gulomshoev Silemonsho 
Published: October 2023

In order to study the folk calendar and astronomical knowledge of the inhabitants of the Republic of Tajikistan, in summer 2022 an ethnographic expedition was conducted in the Yagnob river valley, where 26 informants from 10 villages were interviewed. In the 1970s, the Yaghnob people were resettled to the plain in the Zafarobod region and the Yaghnob valley became empty. Later, part of the inhabitants returned to their historical places of residence. The collected materials show that the returned population knows, on average, less than the residents of non-relocated villages.
Currently, the Yaghnobis celebrate four traditional calendar holidays. Nawruz is the most famous of them. The answers of the informants testify that in Yaghnob there was no single and fixed date for celebrating of Nawruz. Usually it was celebrated in the interval between March 17 and 21. The date was determined by by the onset by sunrise or sunset near conspicuous stones located on the mountain profile. The holidays of Dzhuft baroron (the first plowing), Sada (beginning of preparation for field work) and Mekhrgon (completion of the harvest) are much less well-known. The last two of mentioned holidays have recently received national status. However, residents most often remember Dzhuft baroron.

&quot;Sitorai Hunuk&quot; (Sirius, a cold star), &quot;Parmi&quot; (Pleiades), &quot;Tarozu&quot; (three stars of Orion&apos;s belt), as well as the Polaris Star, the constellations Ursa Minor and Ursa Major are the stars which the local population knows. The phenomena of the visibility of stars are associated with the events of everyday life until now.
A carga horária do ensino de filosofia no novo ensino médio
Authors: Francklin Adelino 
Published: October 2023

A Lei nº 13.415/17, que instituiu o Novo Ensino Médio, classifica a Filosofia como estudos e práticas. Tal redação provoca a seguinte indagação: A Filosofia está presente ou não na Formação Geral Básica como disciplina nas matrizes curriculares elaboradas pelas 27 Secretarias Estaduais de Educação? O objetivo geral da pesquisa é analisar o quantitativo de aulas semanais de Filosofia no Novo Ensino Médio nos diferentes estados brasileiros, levando em consideração o ensino nas Redes Públicas Estaduais de Ensino. Assume relevância pelo fato de que há uma necessidade de despertar na comunidade filosófica um movimento de luta pela mudança da redação do texto da Lei nº 13.415/17 de estudos e práticas para disciplina. A pesquisa é bibliográfica, documental e com abordagem qualitativa. Além das fontes bibliográficas atualizadas e do referencial teórico na área de ensino de Filosofia, foram consultadas as leis federais e documentos normativos que se relacionam com a temática. Para o levantamento de dados, foi consultado o site do Observatório Movimento pela Base, que conta com informações sobre a implementação do Novo Ensino Médio e da Base Nacional Comum Curricular, a exemplo das matrizes curriculares. Constatou-se que o terceiro ano do Novo Ensino Médio, que possivelmente será implementado no ano de 2024, é o que possui menor carga horária da disciplina de Filosofia semanalmente. No geral, a carga horária da disciplina de Filosofia foi reduzida em 13 estados, nas redes públicas estaduais de ensino.
Impact of the MIND Diet on Cognition in Individuals with Dementia
Authors: Healy Elizabeth 
Published: October 2023

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) plagues 6.5 million Americans 65+, yet treatments are lacking. The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet has been developed to address the expansive impact of dementias on the general public. This systematic review evaluated the impact of the MIND diet on cognition in those with pathologies across the dementia spectrum. Objective: To evaluate the application of the MIND diet for prevention and/or treatment of dementia. Methods: PubMed was used to conduct a search using the MIND diet and terms related to cognition. Articles were excluded if they were published prior to 2018, studied a population without dementia or significant risk factors, or did not include those 65 + . The overall quality of each source was analyzed based on the cognitive test(s) used, the selection of subjects, and the sample size. Results: The search generated 33 papers, which yielded 11 articles after screening. Of these studies, one was conducted on those with mild cognitive impairment, one with AD, two with general dementia, and seven with at-risk individuals. All the studies found a positive correlation between adherence and some form of cognitive functioning, but results were mixed for specific cognitive domains. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the MIND diet may be a useful long-term treatment option for those with various dementia pathologies. However, more research is needed on subjects with onset dementias. Additionally, there is a need for more research into the mechanisms behind the common comorbidities.
Exploring the Factors Influencing Traffic Accidents: An Analysis of Black Spots and Decision Tree for Injury Severity
Authors: Abdullah Pires , Sipos Tibor 
Published: October 2023

This research aimed to examine the spatial distribution of road traffic accidents in Budapest, Hungary. The primary objective was to identify the factors associated with traffic accidents on the city's transportation network and to determine the locations of the most frequent accidents during peak and off-peak hours. A quantitative methodology was employed in this study, utilizing a dataset of recent accidents that occurred between 2019 and 2021, classified into peak and off-peak incidents. The data was analyzed using Python software and Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) tools for big data analytics. These programs enabled the creation of spatial maps of the study area and the identification of accident spots based on latitude and longitude information. A decision tree classification approach was used in the machine-learning method implemented with Python software. Additionally, the dataset file was uploaded to QGIS, which applied the heatmap (Kernel Density Estimation) algorithm to identify accident hotspots. The study findings revealed that the city center was the most common location for accidents overall, with peak and off-peak times, lanes, and days of the week investigated as potential contributing factors. The target variable was the number of accidents involving serious and minor injuries, which were found to be significantly associated with the identified accidents in this study.
Using Accelerometer Data to Identify Physical Activity Profiles in the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Abayasekara Reshani , Whittaker Jackie , Ali Shabana Amanda , Espin-Garcia Osvaldo 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a chronic joint disease with no current cure, affecting around 500 million people worldwide. Evidence suggests that physical activity has beneficial effects, but the ideal “prescription” of exercise remains unknown. The Osteoarthritis Initiative is a longitudinal, prospective, observational study with over 10 years of follow-up with accelerometer data from 2712 subjects. In this project, we used a data-driven approach to identify physical activity patterns based on daily accelerometer information. Using these patterns, we established profiles and determined if associations exist between the created profiles and known correlates and symptomatic outcomes of osteoarthritis such as pain.
Methods: Physical activity curves for subjects with accelerometer data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative were aligned using curve registration methods. Once curves were aligned, subjects were grouped into profiles using k-medoid clustering. The outcome of pain was measured by the total Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score. A linear regression model was used to determine if an association exists between the defined profiles and the total WOMAC score.
Results: K-medoid clustering of physical activity curves resulted in two profiles. However, there was no association between the defined profiles and the total WOMAC score at the alpha level of 0.05.
Discussion: The developed profiles are not associated with the total WOMAC score. While the created profiles are not associated with symptomatic outcomes, it is of interest to explore if they provide prediction abilities for structural outcomes such as joint space width and radiographic classification of osteoarthritis such as the Kellgren-Lawrence score.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Gliclazide and Metformin in the management of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus A Comparative Study
Authors: Nahar Sharmin , Saha Rekha Rani , Iqbal Md Jalal Uddin , Khan Zubaida , Yusuf Riti , Sumi Sayla Sultana , Khatun Ayasha , Yasmin Onayza 
Published: October 2023

Background: Diabetes is one of the most prevalent and serious non-communicable diseases all over the world. It is the leading cause of death, disability and economic loss and thus, it is identified as a major threat to global development. So it is important to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of drugs in the management of Type 2 DM patients
Objective: The purpose of present study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of gliclazide and metformin in the management of Type 2 DM patients.
Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted in Endocrine outpatient department of Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital and Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka from July 2017- June 2018. A total number of 114 diabetes mellitus patients were taken and divided into two groups. Patient age between 18- 60 years (both male and female) suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in this study. Patients having the history of Type-1 Diabetes, Hypersensitivity to any drug, pancreatitis , hepatic impairment , high ALT or serum creatinine level (>1.5) , pregnant and nursing woman were excluded from the study. Among the study population one group was given tablet gliclazide and another group was given tablet metformin. Here pre and post baseline investigations( FBG, 2HABF, HbA1c,Serum creatinine , bilirubin, ALT, body height and weight) measured on day 1, follow up at 4 weeks, 12 weeks and then compared.
Results: In patients treated with gliclazide mean of pretreatment FBG 8.75±1.79 mmol/ l which was reduced to 6.75±1.19 mmol/l in 4 weeks and 6.26±0.93 mmol/l by 12 weeks. The mean base line serum glucose 2hABF was 13.85±2.52 mmol/l which was reduced to 10.35±2.04 mmol/l in 4 weeks and 9.42±1.59 mmol/l by 12 weeks. In metformin treated group the mean base line FBG was 8.52±2.26 mmol/l which was reduced to 7.01±1.76 mmol/l in 4 weeks and 6.06±0.81 mmol/l by 12 weeks. The mean base line serum glucose 2hABF was 13.23±3.40 mmol/l which was reduced to 10.57±2.19mmol/l at 4 weeks and 9.38±1.71 mmol/l by 12 weeks. Gliclazide and metformin both significantly reduced blood glucose and their efficacy are relatively similar. Adverse effects were seen more in number and intensity with gliclazide. Individual efficacy of both compounds was good but metformin was better tolerated.
Conclusion: Metformin is more effective, better tolerated than gliclazide in diabetis mellitus.
Sir Salimullah Med Coll J 2023; 31:13-20
Total body bone mineral density and various spinal disorders: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Jiang Qingyu , Gao Haihao , Shi Xudong , Wu Yan , Ni Wentao , Shang Aijia 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionObservational studies have yielded inconsistent findings regarding the correlation between bone mineral density (BMD) and various spinal disorders. To explore the relationship between total-body BMD and various spinal disorders further, we conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis to assess this association.MethodsTwo-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to investigate the association between total-body BMD and various spinal disorders. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary effect estimate, and additional methods, including weighted median, MR-Egger, simple mode, and weighted mode, were used to assess the reliability of the results. To examine the robustness of the data further, we conducted a sensitivity analysis using alternative bone-density databases, validating the outcome data.ResultsMR revealed a significant positive association between total-body BMD and the prevalence of spondylosis and spinal stenosis. When total-body BMD was considered as the exposure factor, the analysis demonstrated an increased risk of spinal stenosis (IVW odds ratio [OR] 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–1.32; P &lt; 0.001) and spondylosis (IVW: OR 1.24; 95%CI, 1.16–1.33; P &lt; 0.001). Similarly, when focusing solely on heel BMD as the exposure factor, we found a positive correlation with the development of both spinal stenosis (IVW OR 1.13, 95%CI, 1.05–1.21; P &lt; 0.001) and spondylosis (IVW OR 1.10, 95%CI, 1.03–1.18; P = 0.0048). However, no significant associations were found between total-body BMD and other spinal disorders, including spinal instability, spondylolisthesis/spondylolysis, and scoliosis (P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionThis study verified an association of total-body BMD with spinal stenosis and with spondylosis. Our results imply that when an increasing trend in BMD is detected during patient examinations and if the patient complains of numbness and pain, the potential occurrence of conditions such as spondylosis or spinal stenosis should be investigated and treated appropriately.
The role of ultrasound in predicting non-invasive ventilation outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Kheir Matthew , Dong Vincent , Roselli Victoria , Mina Bushra 
Published: October 2023

PurposeTo systematically review and compare ultrasonographic methods and their utility in predicting non-invasive ventilation (NIV) outcomes.MethodsA systematic review was performed using the PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases from January 2015 to March 2023. The search terms included the following: ultrasound, diaphragm, lung, prediction, non-invasive, ventilation, and outcomes. The inclusion criteria were prospective cohort studies on adult patients requiring non-invasive ventilation in the emergency department or inpatient setting.ResultsFifteen studies were analyzed, which comprised of 1,307 patients (n = 942 for lung ultrasound score studies; n = 365 patients for diaphragm dysfunction studies). Lung ultrasound scores (LUS) greater than 18 were associated with NIV failure with a sensitivity 62–90.5% and specificity 60–91.9%. Similarly, a diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) of less than 20% was also associated with NIV failure with a sensitivity 80–84.6% and specificity 76.3–91.5%.ConclusionPredicting NIV failure can be difficult by routine initial clinical impression and diagnostic work up. This systematic review emphasizes the importance of using lung and diaphragm ultrasound, in particular the lung ultrasound score and diaphragm thickening fraction respectively, to accurately predict NIV failure, including the need for ICU-level of care, requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, and resulting in higher rates of mortality.
High-throughput quantitation of amino acids and acylcarnitine in cerebrospinal fluid: identification of PCNSL biomarkers and potential metabolic messengers
Authors: Ma Jingjing , Chen Kun , Ding Yun , Li Xiao , Tang Qiming , Jin Bo , Luo Ruben Y. , Thyparambil Sheeno , Han Zhi , Chou C. James , Zhou Ashlee , Schilling James , Lin Zhiguang , Ma Yan , Li Qing , Zhang Mengxue , Sylvester Karl G. , Nagpal Seema , McElhinney Doff B. , Ling Xuefeng B. , Chen Bobin 
Published: October 2023

Background: Due to the poor prognosis and rising occurrence, there is a crucial need to improve the diagnosis of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL), which is a rare type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. This study utilized targeted metabolomics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to identify biomarker panels for the improved diagnosis or differential diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).Methods: In this study, a cohort of 68 individuals, including patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), non-malignant disease controls, and patients with other brain tumors, was recruited. Their cerebrospinal fluid samples were analyzed using the Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS) technique for targeted metabolomics analysis. Multivariate statistical analysis and logistic regression modeling were employed to identify biomarkers for both diagnosis (Dx) and differential diagnosis (Diff) purposes. The Dx and Diff models were further validated using a separate cohort of 34 subjects through logistic regression modeling.Results: A targeted analysis of 45 metabolites was conducted using UHPLC-MS/MS on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a cohort of 68 individuals, including PCNSL patients, non-malignant disease controls, and patients with other brain tumors. Five metabolic features were identified as biomarkers for PCNSL diagnosis, while nine metabolic features were found to be biomarkers for differential diagnosis. Logistic regression modeling was employed to validate the Dx and Diff models using an independent cohort of 34 subjects. The logistic model demonstrated excellent performance, with an AUC of 0.83 for PCNSL vs. non-malignant disease controls and 0.86 for PCNSL vs. other brain tumor patients.Conclusion: Our study has successfully developed two logistic regression models utilizing metabolic markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PCNSL. These models provide valuable insights and hold promise for the future development of a non-invasive and reliable diagnostic tool for PCNSL.
Inhibitory neuron map of sevoflurane induced neurotoxicity model in young primates
Authors: Niu Yixuan , Cheng Yanyong , Miao Zhengjie , Xu Jinnan , Jiang Hong , Yan Jia 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionSevoflurane, one of the most commonly used anesthetic agents in children, may induce neuronal dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Exposure to sevoflurane might induce an imbalance between neural excitation and inhibition which could be a mechanism behind anesthesia-induced cognitive and affective dysfunctions. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.MethodsIn this study, we used two rhesus macaques in the control group, and one rhesus macaques in the anesthesia group. We employed single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) technology to explore alterations in distinct types of inhibitory neurons involved in the long-term cognitive impairment caused by sevoflurane in young macaques.ResultsFollowing sevoflurane treatment, an upregulation was observed in the SST+ inhibitory neuron in the LHX6+ neighborhood in the hippocampus of rhesus macaques. This alteration might impact brain development by influencing interneuron migration and maturation. Additionally, we proposed a novel classification of inhibitory neurons, defined by CNR1 and LHX6 applicable to both humans and macaques.DiscussionOur study proposed a novel classification of inhibitory neurons defined by LHX6 and CNR1, relevant in macaques and humans. We also provide evidence that sevoflurane upregulated the SST+ inhibitory neuron in the LHX6+ neighborhood in the hippocampus of rhesus macaques, which may underlie the potential neurotoxic effects induced by general anesthetics. Our results also offer a more reliable approach for studying the structure and function of the human brain.