bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly efficient expression of Rasamsonia emersonii lipase in Pichia pastoris: characterization and gastrointestinal simulated digestion in vitro
Authors: Wang Buqing , Wang Yasen , Zhou Xiaoman , Gao Xiao‐Dong , Fujita Morihisa , Li Zijie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcidic lipases with high catalytic activities under acidic conditions have important application values in the food, feed and pharmaceutical industries. However, the availability of acidic lipases is still the main obstacle to their industrial applications. Although a novel acidic lipase Rasamsonia emersonii (LIPR) was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, the expression level was unsatisfactory.RESULTSTo achieve the high‐efficiency expression and secretion of LIPR in Pichia pastoris GS115, the combinatorial optimization strategy was adopted including gene codon preference, signal peptide, molecular chaperone co‐expression and disruption of vacuolar sorting receptor VPS10. The activity of the combinatorial optimization engineered strain in a shake flask reached 1480 U mL−1, which was 8.13 times greater than the P. pastoris GS115 parental strain. After high‐density fermentation in a 5‐L bioreactor, the highest enzyme activity reached as high as 11 820 U mL−1. LIPR showed the highest activity at 40 °C and pH 4.0 in the presence of Ca2+ ion. LIPR exhibited strong tolerance to methanol, indicating its potential application in biodiesel biosynthesis. Moreover, the gastrointestinal digestion simulation results demonstrated that LIPR was tolerant to pepsin and trypsin, but its activity was inhibited by sodium taurodeoxycholate.CONCLUSIONThis study provided an effective approach for the high expression of acidic lipase LIPR. LIPR was more appropriate for lipid digestion in the stomach than in intestine according to the gastrointestinal digestion simulation results. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Combination of click chemistry and Schiff base reaction: Post‐synthesis of covalent organic frameworks as an immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography platform for efficient capture of global phosphopeptides in serum with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Xu Qian , Guo Xiaoli , Wang Simeng , Feng Quanshou , Yan Shi , Yan Yinghua 
Published: February 2024

Reasonable design and construction of functionalized materials are of great importance for the enrichment of global phosphopeptides. In this work, Ti4+ functionalized hydrophilic covalent organic frameworks by introducing glutathione (GSH) and 2,3,4‐trihydroxy benzaldehyde (THBA) via click chemistry and Schiff base reaction (COF‐V@GSH‐THBA‐Ti4+) was constructed and applied for selective enrichment of phosphopeptides in serum. Benefit from the high surface area, excellent hydrophilicity as well as regular mesoporous structure, COF‐V@GSH‐THBA‐Ti4+ displayed high selectivity (molar ratio of 2000:1), low limit of detection (0.5 fmol), high load capacity (100.0 mg/g) and excellent size‐exclusion effect (1:10000) for enrichment of phosphopeptides. For actual bio‐sample analysis, 15 phosphopeptides assigned to 10 phosphoproteins with 16 phosphorylated sites and 33 phosphopeptides assigned to 25 phosphoproteins with 34 phosphorylated sites were detected from the serum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and normal controls. Biological processes and molecular functions analysis further disclosed the difference of serums with phosphoproteomics between COPD and normal controls.
Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in elite ski jumping reliably allow return to competition but severely affect future top performance
Authors: Oronowicz Jakub , Seil Romain , Hörterer Hubert , Moksnes Håvard , Ekas Guri R. , Cabri Jan , Mouton Caroline , Frenzel Gunter , Tischer Thomas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeIn recent years, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have been frequently observed in ski jumping. However, available data in this discipline are very scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether an ACL injury in elite‐level ski jumping limits the performance level after ACL reconstruction (ACLR).MethodsBoth male and female elite‐level ski jumpers from five national A‐teams who suffered an ACL injury were identified retrospectively by searching available media reports and Fédération Internationale de Ski (FIS) database. World Cup (WC) results and time‐out‐of‐competition before ACL injury and after ACLR were compared. Only athletes who suffered the injury during or after the 2009–2010 season and who participated in at least one WC competition before the injury were included in this study. The level of athletes' performance from two full seasons before until three seasons after the injury was compared.ResultsEighteen elite‐level ski jumpers (11 males/seven females) were eligible for the study. All male and four female athletes returned to professional competition after ACLR. One female athlete ended her career due to prolonged recovery and two have not yet recovered due to a recent injury. The mean return‐to‐competition (RTC) time was 14.6 months in males and 13.5 months in females. The mean WC placement decreased after the ACL injury: two seasons before injury the mean position was 17.9 ± 11.0 (n = 12), one season before it was 22.4 ± 12.8 (n = 15). After recovery, the mean placement in seasons 1–3 was: 26.4 ± 8.9 (n = 7), 25.7 ± 10.3 (n = 13), 33.6 ± 12.2 (n = 10) (p = 0.008). Among the athletes returning to competition, only six males and three females reached their preinjury level and only one male and one female (compared to seven males and three females preinjury) reached an individual top‐3 placement after ACLR, accounting for less than 10% of podiums compared to preinjury.ConclusionOnly 60% of the professional ski jumpers reached the preinjury level and less than 15% reached a top‐3 placement after the ACL injury. These results support the fact that ACL tear during a ski jumping career may be a significant factor limiting high‐level performance. In terms of clinical relevance, the findings implicate the need to analyse the reasons of these very low rates of return to elite‐level performance, to analyse ACL injury and RTC rates at lower levels of performance and to develop specific prevention strategies in order to reduce the number of ACL injuries in this sport.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Environmental driving forces and phytoplankton diversity across the Ross Sea region during a summer–autumn transition
Authors: Cristi Antonia , Law Cliff S. , Pinkerton Matt , Lopes dos Santos Adriana , Safi Karl , Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez Andres 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Ross Sea is a highly productive system characterized by a seasonal succession of phytoplankton groups. However, most of the current understanding is based on observations on the continental shelf in spring and summer at relatively coarse taxonomic resolution. Here, we characterize community composition (class to species) using V4‐18S rRNA gene metabarcoding on transects to and across the Ross Sea (shelf‐slope and oceanic subregions) during two voyages covering the Austral summer–autumn progression in successive years. Phytoplankton composition shifted from low‐diversity diatom‐dominated (50%) communities during the summer to more diverse dinoflagellate‐dominated (48%) systems during the lower‐productivity autumn season. Prymnesiophyceae abundance was low on both voyages (10%), except on the southeast shelf‐slope, where Phaeocystis antarctica dominated a shallow mixed layer, contrary to its reported preference for deep‐mixing conditions. Amplicon sequence variant analysis identified distinct spatial patterns for two P. antarctica genotypes yet clustered certain species of Bacillariophyta and Prymnesiophyceae, indicating similar environmental preference for genotypes in these groups. Multivariate analysis of environmental drivers found a higher correlation of community composition variation with salinity and macronutrients, but less so with mixed layer depth, considered a primary determinant of taxonomic composition in the Ross Sea. Comparison between years established that community composition was temporally more stable in oceanic relative to shelf‐slope waters. This study of seasonal variation of phytoplankton community composition at finer taxonomic resolution provided insights into species‐ and strain‐specific distribution, ecological preferences, and relationships to environmental conditions in the wider Ross Sea to inform modeling and projection of future regional changes.
An ecological perspective for analysing rural depopulation and abandonment
Authors: Lloret Francisco , Escudero Adrián , Lloret Joan , Valladares Fernando 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Population loss in rural areas is rapidly increasing in high‐income countries, raising concerns and debate, given its socio‐economic consequences. Despite the evident environmental dimension of the phenomenon, ecological knowledge has been neglected in the analysis of actions aiming to reverse rural depopulation. Particularly, cultural landscapes reflect memories of ecological processes that have configured current patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Based on ecological principles, we present a conceptual procedure to assess the behaviour of social–ecological systems subjected to depopulation, projecting their expected trajectories through time within a framework defined jointly by demographic and environmental–ecological dimensions (in our case, biodiversity, carbon storage, pollution control, water resources and soil conservation).

We applied this procedure to various alternative interventions designed to confront depopulation in Spain: (1) non‐intervention, (2) maintenance of the historical landscape configuration, (3) active conservation, (4) extensive, sustainable land use and (5) intensified land use.

We conclude that extensive, sustainable land use better optimizes criteria of demographic consolidation, environmental impact, resilience and implementation of actions confronting depopulation. We highlight the need to incorporate ecological knowledge into the assessment and application of actions confronting rural depopulation.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Patterns of filled prescriptions and the association with risk of drug‐induced death. A population‐based nested case‐control register study
Authors: Amundsen Ellen J. , Odsbu Ingvild , Skurtveit Svetlana O. , Gjersing Linn 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeOpioid analgesics (OA) and other pharmaceuticals have been associated with drug‐induced deaths. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding patterns of use of these pharmaceuticals in the population and regarding such associations. We identify and describe subgroups of people with different patterns of filled prescriptions of OA and other relevant pharmaceuticals and examine associations with drug‐induced deaths. In addition, we estimate the proportion of drug‐induced deaths with a filled OA prescription and OA as cause of death.MethodsA Norwegian population‐based nested case‐control register study with cases (drug‐induced deaths 2010–2018, N = 2388) and population controls matched for age, gender and year of inclusion (N = 21 465). Patterns of filled prescriptions for opioid analgesics (OA), benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine‐related drugs, gabapentinoids, ADHD medication and antidepressants/antipsychotics were explored by k‐means cluster analysis. Associations with drug‐induced deaths were estimated by conditional logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. Overlap of filled OA prescriptions and OA as cause of death was estimated.ResultsFive clusters were identified: ‘few prescriptions’, ‘weak OA’, ‘ADHD medication’, ‘sedative/psychiatric morbidity’ and ‘strong OA’. The ‘strong OA’ cluster had higher socioeconomic status compared to the other groupings. The risk of drug‐induced death was also highest in this cluster (OR = 35.5; CI 25.6–49.3) and, for 68% (CI 64–73) of cases, filled prescriptions for OA was indicated as the underlying cause of death.ConclusionsThe cluster analysis identified a subgroup with filled prescriptions of OA and other pharmaceuticals and a higher socioeconomic status than other subgroups. This subgroup had a high risk of drug‐induced death that needs to be addressed.
Hyperbranched polyimide with triazole core structure for nonvolatile resistive switching memory
Authors: Tian Ye , Zhu Shiyang , Liu Huiling , Song Ying , Liu Bing , Yao Hongyan , Guan Shaowei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHyperbranched polyimides (HBPIs) possess a unique branched structure, which can make the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) degenerate and reduce the bandgap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and LUMO energy levels. The triazole group can facilitate the charge transfer process. Thus, a novel hyperbranched polyimide (HBPI‐TZA‐6FDA) has been prepared from new triazole derivative triamine monomer (TZA) and 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) for memory device. The memory device with the structure ITO/HBPI‐TZA‐6FDA/Al exhibits a low‐threshold voltage of −2.2 V and a high ON/OFF current ratio of about 105. Meanwhile, the memory device shows nonvolatile write once read many times (WORM) type memory behavior and excellent stability with an operation time of 104 at a continuous applied voltage of −1 V. Optical, electrochemical experiments, and molecular simulation have been carried out to illustrate the memory performance. The memory performance is governed by the charge transfer between TZA and 6FDA units. The branched structure and triazole unit can reduce the band gap between HOMO and LUMO energy levels effectively, which is favorable for improving charge transfer and reducing threshold voltage. The HBPI‐TZA‐6FDA‐based memory device is favorable for memory device applications due to its relatively low‐power consumption and high‐operation stability.
Pharmacology education in the medical curriculum: Challenges and opportunities for improvement
Authors: Fasinu Pius S. , Wilborn Teresa W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe knowledge and application of pharmacology is essential for safe prescribing and administration of drugs. In this narrative review, the challenges to pharmacology education in the medical curricula were broadly identified to include issues around content and pedagogies. The increasing number of approved drugs and drug targets, expanding field of pharmacology and the often‐changing treatment guidelines and board‐defined competencies can make pharmacology education in the medical curriculum daunting. There has been a consensus around the deployment of innovative medical curricula with emphasis on vertical and horizontal integration. This strategy, effective as it has been, presents new challenges to pharmacology education. As a discipline often perceived by students to be hard‐to‐learn, the future of pharmacology education must include heavy reliance on active learning strategies. The continuing utilization of problem‐based, team‐based and case‐based learning can be complemented with personalized learning which aims to identify the learning gaps in individual students. Technology‐inspired student engagement can foster pharmacology learning and retention. Early exposure to pharmacology from premedical preparation through an enduring across‐the‐level integration can be an effective way to enhance pharmacology learning in the medical curricula.
Cichoric acid targets RANKL to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and prevent ovariectomy‐induced bone loss
Authors: Xian Yansi , Gao Yijie , Su Yiji , Su Yuangang , Lian Haoyu , Feng Xiaoliang , Liu Zhijuan , Zhao Jinmin , Xu Jiake , Liu Qian , Song Fangming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimOsteoporosis, a systemic metabolic bone disease, is characterized by the decline of bone mass and quality due to excessive osteoclast activity. Currently, drug‐targeting osteoclasts show promising therapy for osteoporosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of cichoric acid (CA) on receptor activator of nuclear kappa‐B ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclastogenesis and the bone loss induced by ovariectomy in mice.Experimental ProcedureMolecular docking technologies were employed to examine the interaction between CA and RANKL. CCK8 assay was used to evaluate the cell viability under CA treatment. TRAcP staining, podosome belt staining, and bone resorption assays were used to test the effect of CA on osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast function. Further, an OVX‐induced osteoporosis mice model was employed to identify the effect of CA on bone loss using micro‐CT scanning and histological examination. To investigate underlying mechanisms, network pharmacology was applied to predict the downstream signaling pathways, which were verified by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining.Key ResultsThe molecular docking analysis revealed that CA exhibited a specific binding affinity to RANKL, engaging multiple binding sites. CA inhibited RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption without cytotoxic effects. Mechanistically, CA suppressed RANKL‐induced intracellular reactive oxygen species, nuclear factor‐kappa B, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways, followed by abrogated nuclear factor activated T‐cells 1 activity. Consistent with this finding, CA attenuated post‐ovariectomy‐induced osteoporosis by ameliorating osteoclastogenesis.Conclusions and ImplicationsCA inhibited osteoclast activity and bone loss by targeting RANKL. CA might represent a promising candidate for treating osteoclast‐related diseases, such as osteoporosis.
Enhancing group recommender systems: A fusion of social tagging and collaborative filtering for cohesive recommendations
Authors: Wang Jian , Kamran Asif , Shahzad Fakhar , Syed Nadeem Ahmad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study examines the challenges and opportunities of using group recommendation systems in an information overload scenario. Social network recommendation systems are increasingly important because they deliver users customized choices. Most existing solutions are geared for single users, making it difficult to propose for a group with different interests. This paper analyses group recommendation systems and exposes their flaws. This study tested whether the suggested approach outperforms the one without tagging information in recall, precision, and user satisfaction. Empirical evidence indicates that the algorithm exhibits appropriate levels of reliability and accuracy compared to conventional methods. The proposed approach has the potential to substantially enhance the existing state of social network group recommendation systems, thereby facilitating users in their quest to identify and participate in groups that align with their preferences.
Farm‐wide interface fatigue loads estimation: A data‐driven approach based on accelerometers
Authors: de N Santos Francisco , Noppe Nymfa , Weijtjens Wout , Devriendt Christof 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFatigue has become a major consideration factor in modern offshore wind farms as optimized design codes, and a lack of lifetime reserve has made continuous fatigue life monitoring become an operational concern. In this contribution, we discuss a data‐driven methodology for farm‐wide tower‐transition piece fatigue load estimation. We specifically debate the employment of this methodology in a real‐world farm‐wide setting and the implications of continuous monitoring. With reliable nacelle‐installed accelerometer data at all locations, along with the customary 10‐min supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) statistics and three strain gauge‐instrumented 'fleet‐leaders', we discuss the value of two distinct approaches: use of either fleet‐leader or population‐based data for training a physics‐guided neural network model with a built‐in conservative bias, with the latter taking precedence. In the context of continuous monitoring, we touch on the importance of data imputation, working under the assumption that if data are missing, then its fatigue loads should be modeled as under idling. With this knowledge at hand, we analyzed the errors of the trained model over a period of 9 months, with monthly accumulated errors always kept below
. A particular focus was given to performance under high loads, where higher errors were found. The cause for this error was identified as being inherent to the use of 10‐min statistics, but mitigation strategies have been identified. Finally, the farm‐wide results are presented on fatigue load estimation, which allowed to identify outliers, whose behavior we correlated with the operational conditions. Finally, the continuous data‐driven, population‐based approach here presented can serve as a springboard for further lifetime‐based decision‐making.
The Role of Third Parties in Regulatory Systems: Examples from Financial Services Regulation
Authors: Black Julia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRegulatory systems can include a variety of third-party intermediaries, performing a variety of roles, with variable capacities, motivations, strategic position, and authority. Third parties may be deliberately ‘enrolled’ in the regulatory system, or they may be ‘enrolled’ de facto, due to the business model/activities/markets of the regulated firms. Such third parties can be a benefit to the regulator, expanding its capacity. But as well as introducing unintended consequences, they can also introduce key dependencies, with associated risks to which the regulator needs to be alert, and which it needs to mitigate where possible through a range of formal and informal strategies.
Klimarisiken: Umgang mit Unsicherheit im gesellschaftlichen Diskurs
Authors: Renn Ortwin 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungInzwischen kann die Wissenschaft mithilfe von Klimamodellen künftige Entwicklungen und Gefährdungen durch den Klimawandel relativ genau projizieren. Doch es verbleiben immer noch Unsicherheiten und Mehrdeutigkeiten, die Anlass für gesellschaftliche Debatten geben. Im Mittelpunkt dieses Kapitels steht daher die Frage, wie Individuen, Gesellschaften und die Weltgemeinschaft mit globalen Risiken umgehen und wie sie die mit Risiko verknüpften Probleme von Komplexität, Unsicherheit und Mehrdeutigkeit angehen sollen. Zudem gilt es auszuhandeln, wie viel Aufmerksamkeit und wie viele Ressourcen eine Gesellschaft aufwenden soll, um das Risiko „Klimawandel“ zu mindern, gleichzeitig aber auch die anderen gravierenden Risiken für die Menschheit nicht aus dem Auge zu verlieren.
Zielkonflikte, Synergien und negative Emissionen in der Klimapolitik
Authors: Schäfer Stefan , Scheffran Jürgen 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel verdeutlicht die Verbindungen zwischen klimapolitischen Maßnahmen und anderen politischen Handlungsfeldern, wobei insbesondere auch negative Emissionen als aufkommende Strategie zur Bekämpfung des Klimawandels berücksichtig werden. Es zeigt sich, dass die Klimapolitik durch Zielkonflikte mit anderen Handlungsfeldern geprägt ist, die sich aus Strategien und Maßnahmen zur Emissionsvermeidung und Anpassung an den Klimawandel ergeben, aber auch durch die Möglichkeit, Synergien und co-benefits zu realisieren. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass in Zukunft Technologien zur Erzeugung von negativen Emissionen eine zunehmend wichtigere Rolle spielen werden. Deshalb gilt es, die damit in Zusammenhang stehenden Herausforderungen früh zu erkennen, um Synergien zu fördern und Zielkonflikte zu vermeiden.