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Bremische Bibliographie
Authors: Hermes-Wladarsch Maria , Reinbach Jens 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Zum 1. Juni 2023 ging die Bremische Bibliographie als Regionalbibliographie des Bundeslandes Bremen online: www.bremische-bibliographie.de. Die Bremische Bibliographie ist ein Teilbestand der von der Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek (GWLB) in Hannover betreuten Niedersächsischen Bibliographie, deren Infrastruktur sie auch nutzt. Im folgenden Beitrag wird die Bremische Bibliographie vorgestellt. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der Frage, was Nutzerinnen und Nutzer durch die eigene Webansicht einer Bremischen Bibliographie gewinnen.
Die Erstellung der Bremischen Bibliographie ist Teil des landesbibliothekarischen Aufgabenspektrums der Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SuUB) Bremen, das diese für das Bundesland Bremen ausübt. Die Verantwortung und Koordination für die gesamte Durchführung liegt in der GWLB in Hannover.
“Why are These Problems Still Unresolved?” Those Pending Problems, and Neglected Contradictions in Online Classroom in the Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Zhao Yi , Mohd Yusof Sanitah , Hou Mingyu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
To investigate the pending problem and improve the effectiveness of online classrooms in the post-COVID-19 era, researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with 41 teachers from China, the Philippines, and other countries who have experienced long-time online classrooms. The research indicated that (1) all problems the teachers face in the online classroom can be classified into two types, including internal problems (the problems in teachers’ teaching, students’ learning, classroom discipline, and students’ psychology) and external problems (the problems in hardware and equipment, school management, education equity and privacy protection, and family interference). (2) To better improve online classroom effectiveness, teachers strongly call for a series of reforms, including the reform of school management, curriculum and teaching, after-class instruction, and psychological support, which require schools, teachers, and parents to work together to make fundamental improvements. (3) Educational equity issues caused by economic development level, long-term inefficient online interaction, and various internal contradictions are the fundamental reasons why the previous problems existing in the online classroom have not been solved. Teachers, schools, educational researchers, and government departments need to deeply study and analyze these reasons, which will help solve a series of past and present problems in the online classroom.
Act and Rule Consequentialism: A Synthesis
Authors: Suikkanen Jussi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As an indirect ethical theory, rule consequentialism first evaluates moral codes in terms of how good the consequences of their general adoption are and then individual actions in terms of whether or not the optimific code authorises them. There are three well-known and powerful objections to rule consequentialism’s indirect structure: the ideal-world objection, the rule-worship objection, and the incoherence objection. These objections are all based on cases in which following the optimific code has suboptimal consequences in the real world. After outlining the traditional objections and the cases used to support them, this paper first constructs a new hybrid version of consequentialism that combines elements of both act and rule consequentialism. It then argues that this novel view has sufficient resources for responding to the previous traditional objections to pure rule consequentialism.
Construction of amidinothiourea crosslinked graphene oxide membrane by multilayer self-assembly for efficient removal of heavy metal ions
Authors: Yang Boshen , Hu Xuebing , Zhou Qintao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Amidinothiourea crosslinked graphene oxide membrane was prepared by a multilayer self-assembly method along with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane modification, while different thicknesses of the membrane layer were obtained by regulating the volume of graphene oxide dispersion. The removal rate of the membrane layer with different thicknesses of heavy metal ions was explored and its removal mechanism was explained. The results show that the membrane can maintain high stability after 90 days of immersion in water. When the volume of graphene oxide dispersant increases from 9 ml to 15 ml, the thickness of the membrane layer enhances from about 120 nm to about 200 nm. After filtration of 140 ml of different nitrate solutions, the water fluxes of different membranes are about 22.6 l m−2 h−1·bar−1, 6.1 l m−2 h−1·bar−1, and 1.4 l m−2 h−1·bar−1, respectively. The removal rates of the preferred membrane for Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ are 43.3 %, 41.2 %, and 39.7 %, respectively. The ion removal mechanism is mainly due to the Dornan effect.
Nietzsche on Evolution and Progress
Authors: Conrad Jordan A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The thesis that humanity progresses in a lawlike manner from inferior states (of wellbeing, cognitive skills, culture, etc.) to superior ones dominated eighteenth- and nineteenth- century thought, including authors otherwise as diverse as Kant and Ernst Haeckel. Positioning himself against this philosophically and scientifically popular view, Nietzsche suggests that humanity is in a prolonged state of decline. I argue that Nietzsche’s rejection of the thesis that progress is inevitable is a product of his acceptance of Lamarck’s use-and-disuse theory of evolution and his belief that society selects for traits beneficial to society and negatively selects for traits that promote individual flourishing. This explains Nietzsche’s emphasis on self-development as cultivating traits that Nietzsche views as valuable and that would, by Lamarck’s theory of evolution, become heritable and so help steer our evolutionary trajectory, correcting our decline.
Incorporation of phytic acid into reed straw-derived hydrochar for highly efficient and selective adsorption of uranium(VI)
Authors: Xia Hongtao , Liu Yuting , Wang Yang , Feng Zihao , Ren Qi , Lv Jianqi , Li Yang , Du Yanjun , Wang Yun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
An innovative phytic acid modified reed straw-derived hydrochar composite (PA-C-RBC) was prepared by using inexpensive reed straw and non-toxic phytic acid for the removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous environment. Several characterization results showed that PA-C-RBC was rough and porous with a large number of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phosphate groups. The uranium(VI) adsorption process by PA-C-RBC conformed to pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir models, and the theoretical maximal adsorption capacity could attain 418.78 mg/g at pH 5.0. PA-C-RBC had 72.66 % of selectivity and 6772.99 mL/g of distribution coefficient for U(VI). Due to the strong chelating between the hydroxyl and phosphate groups on PA-C-RBC and U(VI), PA-C-RBC had excellent adsorption selectivity. These finding highlighted a high potential for removing U(VI) from aqueous solutions.
Evaluation Model of Human Resource Allocation Balance for Healthy Environment in Organizations Based on Big Data Driven and Internet of Things
Authors: Xu Peiyao , Wang Jianyong , Huang Fengtao , Lin Chao , Zhou Chennan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
To improve the ability of balanced evaluation, dynamic allocation, level of output, and profitability of human resources, a balanced evaluation model of human resources allocation is proposed based on big data driven and the Internet of Things. An evaluation architecture model of human resource allocation balance in view of big data driven and the Internet of Things is established; a multithread big data driven configuration model and the Internet of Things are used to construct a table model of enterprise human resource optimal allocation in the form of reports; statistical regression analysis method is used to detect the risks and process parameters in the process of enterprise human resource optimal allocation; and employment elasticity theory analysis is taken to establish a resource factor analysis model of human resource balanced allocation under the constraint of economic growth mode. According to the changing trend of the scale and structure of labor resources, statistical regression analysis is adopted to make big data driven analysis in the process of balanced evaluation of human resources allocation, and balanced game control is adopted to analyze the relevant factors affecting human resources allocation to realize balanced scheduling of population flow and human resources allocation and automatic post adjustment. The empirical analysis results show that the system has a good balance in human resource allocation, the output efficiency among the various elements of human resource allocation is improved, and there is a high level of efficiency in human resource output.
Determination of Mo-93 inventory in irradiated BWR tie plate using triple quadrupole ICP-MS
Authors: Tanaka Shingo , Tezuka Naoki , Taniuchi Toshinori , Ueda Hiroyoshi , Sakuragi Tomofumi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe inventory of radionuclides is a crucial input parameter for the safety assessment of irradiated metal waste. Among the radionuclides, Mo-93 is remarkable radionuclide owing to its long half-life (4,000 years) and poor sorptive property (anionic species). A method for determining Mo-93 by measuring characteristic X-rays was proposed previously; however, this method requires complex sequential and/or chromatographic separation of Mo-93. In the present study, triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS)—a leading-edge method—was used to determine the inventory of Mo-93 in an irradiated boiling water reactor (BWR) tie plate (stainless steel) for the first time. Furthermore, an activation calculation for Mo-93 was conducted using ORIGEN2. The results indicated that the inventory of Mo-93 in the BWR tie plate was 690 ± 83 Bq/g. This study demonstrates that triple quadrupole ICP-MS allows the simple quantitative analysis of Mo-93 in irradiated stainless steel without complex chemical separation.
Graphical abstract
Optimizing synthesis strategies for the production of single-phase zirconates with Ce and Nd co-doping
Authors: Richter Selina , Gilson Sara E. , dos Santos Luiza Braga Ferreira , Huittinen Nina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractZirconia-based ceramics are promising host matrices for the immobilization of radionuclides in high-level waste streams due to their high radiation resistance and chemical stability. This study explores coprecipitation and different solid-state synthesis techniques to produce phase-pure zirconia-based ceramics with varying cerium and neodymium co-doping. Varying the dopant concentration enabled the synthesis of zirconates with monoclinic, cubic defect fluorite, and cubic pyrochlore structures. Powder X-ray diffraction was used for phase identification. In the case of coprecipitation, all synthesized compositions were predominantly phase-pure. Solid-state synthesis techniques included manual mixing of metal oxide powders with mortar and pestle, mechanical mixing in a ball mill, and magnetic mixing in a slurry. All solid-state mixing methods produced heterogeneous ceramics, featuring multiple phases, with manual mixing yielding the most phase-pure product. Extending the grinding time, re-sintering of the solid phases, and an increased Nd content were found to enhance the phase purity.
Graphical abstract
The Correlation Study Between Testosterone Levels and Hba1c In Type 2 Diabetic Patients Compare with Healthy Persons
Authors: Abood Doaa Adil , Mahdi Karrar Salih , Hameed Zahraa CH. 
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the the connection between hemoglobin glycated (Hba1c) and testosterone levels in the patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus compare with healthy person, also determine the significant differences between this parameter among healthy and diabetic patients, after assumed whole blood and serum specimens from laboratory of Diabetes and Endocrinology Center in Marjan hospital and privately owned in Babylon City starting in October 2022 to February 2023.
The outcomes showed non-significant (P>0.05) variations between those with diabetes and control groups in age , which refer to all persons in the same age, also it revealed significant increase (P ˂ 0.05) in Hba1c level in diabetic group compare with healthy men, which may refer to disease effect on these patients and lead to elevation in Hba1c in diabetic group, also it was revealed significant decrease (P ˂ 0.05) in diabetic group compare with control in Testosterone level, in addition to significant increase (P˂0.05) in body mass index in diabetic men compare to control group, and The results showed negative correlation between glycated hemoglobin and testosterone levels in both healthy and diabetic men.
The research was concluded that HbA1c value is associated with testosterone levels in diabetic patients.
Experimental Investigation of a Modified Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation Solution for Sand Production Control Applications
Authors: Baig Abdul Rehman , Alarifi Sulaiman A. , Mahmoud Mohamed , Kamal Muhammad Shahzad , Murtaza Mobeen , AlAhmari Manar M. , Alhumam Abdulmohsen 
Published: February 2024

Summary
Sand production is one of the major problems that can occur in an oil or gas well. Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) methods have recently emerged as possible environment-friendly solutions for enhancing loose sand consolidation and preventing it from being produced with the fluids to the surface. This work explores increasing the consolidated sand strength and its treatment procedure using a modified EICP. The study also examines the characterization of precipitation generated by microorganisms using a computed tomography (CT) scan. To consolidate the sand specimen, nine different solutions were prepared. The solutions were a mixture of urea, urease, CaCl2, MgCl2, and xanthan gum in varying quantities. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted to determine the type of calcium carbonate (or CaCO3) polymorph. The morphology of calcium carbonate precipitation in the sand sample was visualized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. The strength of consolidated samples was determined by the scratch test. The baseline EICP solution was exposed to different curing temperatures, namely, 25°C, 70°C, and 90°C. Out of these temperatures, the sample cured at 70°C showed the maximum strength, while the ones cured at 25°C demonstrated the weakest strength. This outcome emphasizes how crucial temperature control is in determining the strength development of the samples. The results highlight the importance of evaluating how varying curing temperatures affect specimen performance as well as emphasizing the need for accurate temperature control during experimental setups. Interestingly, samples made with a combination of CaCl2 and MgCl2 salts exhibited more strength when compared with EICP solutions formulated with only one type of salt. The consolidated sample that was prepared with xanthan gum with a concentration of 3 g/L showed high strength at 70°C. Notably, this technique offers a cost-effective solution compared with other methods developed to address sand production-related failures in production equipment. Furthermore, CT scans prove to be a valuable tool for investigating the characterization of microbially induced precipitation, including calcite, dolomite, and other minerals. This research underscores the professional approach in evaluating the efficacy of xanthan gum and CT scans in the context of EICP applications.
Simulating And Modeling Areal Development In the City using the Fuzzy Cell Automaton Method.
Authors: Dizbadi Mehran , Safarzadeh Daniyal , Brunn Ansgar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Rapid and uncontrolled expansion of cities has led to unplanned aerial development. In this way, modeling and predicting the urban growth of a city helps decision-makers. In this study, the aspect of sustainable urban development has been studied for the city of Mashhad. In general, the prediction of urban aerial development is one of the most important topics of modern town management. In this research, using the Cellular Automaton (CA) model developed for geo data of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and presenting a simple and powerful model, a simulation of complex urban processes has been done.
Uncertainties in forecasts of ecosystem persistence under climate change
Authors: Buelow Christina , Andradi-Brown Dominic , Worthington Thomas , Adame Maria Fernanda , Connolly Rod , Lovelock Catherine , Rogers Kerrylee , Villarreal-Rosas Jaramar , Brown Christopher 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Global forecasts of ecosystem responses to increasing climatic and anthropogenic pressures are needed to inform adaptation planning. However, data of appropriate spatio-temporal resolution are not typically available to parameterise complex processes at the global scale. Forecast uncertainty associated with ‘data-process’ scale incongruities must be quantified and effectively communicated to avoid over-confident decision-making. Here, we used network models to make probabilistic forecasts of the direction of change in mangrove extent globally under the SSP5-8.5 climate emissions scenario by 2040-2060. We forecast that seaward net loss is the most likely outcome in 77% [±37-78%; 95% confidence] of mangrove forest units, while 30% [±15-59%] will experience landward net gain or stability. Parameter uncertainty limited our capacity to make reliable forecasts everywhere, highlighting where current understanding and global datasets are deficient. However, with action to manage or restore, the number of mangrove forest units likely to experience net gain or stability could nearly double.
Effects of a Ripasudil–Brimonidine Fixed-Dose Combination on Intraocular Pressure, Outflow Facility, and Episcleral Venous Pressure in Mouse Eyes
Authors: Yamagishi-Kimura Reiko , Honjo Megumi , Aihara Makoto 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Ripasudil–brimonidine fixed-dose combination (K-232) simultaneously targets three different intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering mechanisms, increasing trabecular meshwork outflow and uveoscleral outflow, and reducing aqueous humor production Vascularly, ripasudil induces transient vasodilation, brimonidine transient vasoconstriction. Investigating effects on IOP, aqueous dynamics, and EVP in mice eyes by microneedle and constant-pressure perfusion methods, and on cytoskeletal and fibrotic proteins changes in HTM cells by a gel contraction assay and immunocytochemistry. Ripasudil, K-232, and brimonidine droplets significantly reduced IOP at 30 min, with K-232 sustaining the effect at 60 min. For EVP, only K-232 exhibited prolonged reduction. In vitro, ripasudil inhibited gel contractility and TGFβ2-induced fibrotic changes; brimonidine had limited effects. K-232 significantly lowered IOPs in mice by combining the effects of ripasudil and brimonidine. Brimonidine alone also showed IOP reductions with enhanced outflow facility, possibly due to the EVP reduction; however, the drug did not interfere with the effects of ripasudil on the trabecular meshwork outflow. K-232 and ripasudil alone both significantly lowered the EVP and enhanced outflow facility, demonstrating that K-232 efficiently reduces IOPs.
The effect of 2020 lockdown on bank internal ratings
Authors: Calcagnini Giorgio , Favaretto Federico , Giombini Germana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

We study how bank internal ratings were affected by the first lockdown shock in Italy (March-June 2020). Using monthly proprietary data from one regional bank between October 2019 and January 2022, and adding credit registry data and balance sheet data for the client firms, we estimate the lockdown effect on the change in six different ratings that the bank assigns to client firms at June 2020 and December 2020. We obtain three main findings. First, controlling for both supply and demand factors, the lockdown is associated to a decrease in four out of six ratings. Second, the lockdown effect depends also on specific firm characteristics, that is the lockdown effect appears to be mitigated in the presence of high sales or for firms that belong to essential sectors. However, these interaction effects do not hold for all ratings suggesting that each type of rating is influenced by different firm characteristics, so that they complement each other. Third, once we account for a full-interaction model, the lockdown effect disappears in the medium run.
Potent AMA1-specific human monoclonal antibody against P. vivax Pre-erythrocytic and Blood Stages
Authors: King Christopher , Winnicki Anna , Dietrich Melanie , Yeoh Lee , Carias Lenore , Roobsoong Wanlapa , Drago Chiara , Malachin Alyssa , Redinger Karli , Feufack-Donfack Lionel , Baldor Lea , Jung Nicolai , McLaine Olivia , Skomorovska-Prokvolit Yelenna , Orban Agnes , Opi Herbert , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Tham Wai-Hong , Popovici Jean , Beeson James , Bosch Jürgen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

New therapeutics are a priority for preventing and eliminating Plasmodium vivax (Pv) malaria because of its easy transmissibility and dormant stages in the liver. Relapses due to the dormant liver stages are the major contributor to reoccurring Pv. Therefore, therapies that reduce the establishment of dormant parasites and blood-stage infection are important for controlling this geographically widespread parasite. Here, we isolated 12 human monoclonal antibodies (humAbs) from the plasma of a Pv-exposed individual that recognized Pv apical membrane antigen 1 (PvAMA1). PvAMA1 is important for both sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes and merozoite invasion of reticulocytes. We identified one humAb, 826827, that blocked invasion of human erythrocytes using a transgenic P. falciparum line expressing PvAMA1 (IC50 = 3 µg/mL) and all Pv clinical isolates in vitro. This humAb also inhibited sporozoite invasion of a human hepatocyte cell line and primary human hepatocytes (IC50 of 0.3 – 3.7 µg/mL). The crystal structure of recombinant PvAMA1 with the antigen-binding fragment of 826827 at 2.4 Å resolution shows that the humAb partially occupies the highly conserved hydrophobic groove in PvAMA1 that binds its known receptor, RON2. HumAb 826827 binds to PvAMA1 with higher affinity than RON2, accounting for its potency. To our knowledge, this is the first reported humAb specific to PvAMA1, and the PvAMA1 residues it binds to are highly conserved across different isolates, explaining its strain-transcendent properties.