bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difficult intubation in syndromic versus nonsyndromic forms of micrognathia in children
Authors: Hunyady Agnes I. , Sergeeva Vera , Kovatsis Pete G. , Evans Kelly N. , Staffa Steven J. , Zurakowski David , Fiadjoe John E. , Jimenez Nathalia ,   Members of the Pediatric Difficult Intubation Research Consortium
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated how syndromic versus nonsyndromic forms of micrognathia impacted difficult intubation outcomes in children. Primary outcome was the first‐attempt success rate of tracheal intubation, secondary outcomes were number of intubation attempts and complications. We hypothesized that syndromic micrognathia would be associated with lower first‐attempt success rate.MethodsIn micrognathic patients enrolled in the Pediatric Difficult Intubation Registry (08/2012–03/2019) we retrospectively compared demographic and clinical characteristics between children with nonsyndromic and syndromic micrognathia using standardized mean differences (SMD) and assessed the association of the presence of syndrome with the primary and secondary outcomes using propensity score matching analysis with and without matching for airway assessment findings.ResultsNonsyndromic patients (628) were less likely to have additional airway abnormalities. Syndromic patients (216) were less likely to have unanticipated difficult intubation (2% vs. 20%, SMD 0.59). First‐attempt success rates of intubation were: 38% in the syndromic versus 34% in the nonsyndromic group (odds ratio [OR] 1.18; 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] 0.74, 1.89; p = .478), and 37% versus 37% (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.66, 1.48; p = .959). Median number of intubation attempts were 2 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1, 3; range: 1, 8) versus 2 (IQR: 1, 3; range 1, 12) (median regression coefficient = 0; 95% CI: −0.7, 0.7; p = .999) and 2 (IQR: 1, 3; range: 1, 12) versus 2 (IQR: 1, 3; range 1, 8) (median regression coefficient = 0; 95% CI: −0.5, 0.5; p = .999). Complication rates were 14% versus 22% (OR 0.6; 95% CI 0.34, 1.04; p = .07) and 16% versus 21% (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.43, 1.17; p = .185).ConclusionsPresence of syndrome was not associated with lower first‐attempt success rate on intubation, number of intubation attempts, or complication rate among micrognathic patients difficult to intubate, despite more associated craniofacial abnormalities. Nonsyndromic patients were more likely to have unanticipated difficult intubations, first attempt with direct laryngoscopy.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of cytisine for the treatment of smoking cessation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: De Santi Omar , Orellana Marcelo , Di Niro Cecilia Andrea , Greco Vanina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsSmoking is considered the main cause of preventable death world‐wide. This study aimed to review the efficacy and safety of cytisine for smoking cessation.MethodsThis review included an exhaustive search of databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in health centers of any level with smokers of any age or gender investigating the effects of cytisine at standard dosage versus placebo, varenicline or nicotine replacement therapy (NRT).ResultsWe identified 12 RCTs. Eight RCTs compared cytisine with placebo at the standard dose covering 5922 patients, 2996 of whom took cytisine, delivering a risk ratio (RR) of 2.25 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.42–3.56; I2 = 88%; moderate‐quality evidence]. The greater intensity of behavioral therapy was associated directly with the efficacy findings (moderate‐quality evidence). The confirmed efficacy of cytisine was not evidenced in trials conducted in low‐ and middle‐income countries. We estimate a number needed to treat (NNT) of 11. Two trials compared the efficacy of cytisine versus NRT, and the combination of both studies yields modest results in favor of cytisine. Three trials compared cytisine with varenicline, without a clear benefit for cytisine. Meta‐analyses of all non‐serious adverse events in the cytisine group versus placebo groups yielded a RR of 1.24 (95% CI = 1.11–1.39; participants = 5895; studies = 8; I2 = 0%; high‐quality evidence).ConclusionsCytisine increases the chances of successful smoking cessation by more than twofold compared with placebo and has a benign safety profile, with no evidence of serious safety concerns. Limited evidence suggests that cytisine may be more effective than nicotine replacement therapy, with modest cessation rates.
Exact testing for heteroscedasticity in a two‐way layout in variety frost trials when incorporating a covariate
Authors: Pilkington Angelika A. , Clarke Brenton R. , Diepeveen Dean A. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryTwo‐way layouts are common in grain industry research where it is often the case that there are one or more covariates. It is widely recognised that when estimating fixed effect parameters, one should also examine for possible extra error variance structure. An exact test for heteroscedasticity, when there is a covariate, is illustrated for a data set from frost trials in Western Australia. While the general algebra for the test is known, albeit in past literature, there are computational aspects of implementing the test for the two way when there are covariates. In this scenario the test is shown to have greater power than the industry standard, and because of its exact size, is preferable to use of the restricted maximum likelihood ratio test (REMLRT) based on the approximate asymptotic distribution in this instance. Formulation of the exact test considered here involves creation of appropriate contrasts in the experimental design. This is illustrated using specific choices of observations corresponding to an index set in the linear model for the two‐way layout. Also an algorithm supplied complements the test. Comparisons of size and power then ensue. The test has natural extensions when there are unbalanced data, and more than one covariate may be present. Results can be extended to Balanced Incomplete Block Designs.
Paediatric perspectives in the diagnosis of polyuria‐polydipsia syndrome
Authors: Huynh Tony , Signal Dana , Christ‐Crain Mirjam 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe elucidation of the underlying cause of polyuria‐polydipsia syndrome (PPS) is a challenging—especially in the differentiation of partial defects of arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion or action from primary polydipsia. The water deprivation test has been utilized for many decades, and its application in the paediatric population has been applied using parameters predominantly established in adult cohorts. In more recent times, the development of automated commercial assays for copeptin, a surrogate marker for AVP, has represented a significant advancement in the diagnostic approach to PPS. Measurement of copeptin concentrations has major advantages and has essentially superseded measurement of AVP in diagnostic protocols for PPS. Additionally, stimulated‐copeptin protocols utilizing hypertonic saline infusion, arginine, and glucagon have been investigated, and are promising. However, further studies are required in the population—incorporating the differences in physiological regulation of water homeostasis, and safety requirements—before there is widespread adoption into clinical practice.
Contact allergy caused by acrylates in nail cosmetics: A pilot study from Greece
Authors: Gkousiaki Maria , Karalis Vangelis D. , Kyritsi Aikaterini , Almpani Chara , Geronikolou Styliani , Stratigos Alexandros , Rallis Michail Christou , Tagka Anna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe growing popularity of nail techniques based on acrylates has led to a higher frequency of sensitization in both nail technicians and users.ObjectivesThe study aimed to assess cases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by acrylates in individuals with occupational or non‐occupational exposure to nail techniques.MethodsA preliminary study was conducted on 30 patients with ACD caused by acrylates in nail techniques, who were patch tested from September 2022 to March 2023 at the First Department of Dermatology and Venereology of Andreas Syggros Hospital, Athens, Greece.ResultsThirty female patients with ACD to acrylates were documented (15 users and 15 nail technicians and users). The most common allergens were: 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), which tested positive in all 30 patients (100.0%). Twenty patients (66.7%) had been exposed to dental procedures involving acrylates, before the onset of ACD. Nail technicians exhibited extensive skin lesions, 40.0% experienced ACD within the first year of work and 13.3% during their professional practice. Three of them (20.0%) had to discontinue their work.ConclusionAcrylates have been identified as potent allergens, necessitating the implementation of safety measures for the use of these chemicals in nail techniques.
S3 guideline Atopic dermatitis: Part 2 ‐ Systemic treatment
Authors: Werfel Thomas , Heratizadeh Annice , Aberer Werner , Augustin Matthias , Biedermann Tilo , Bauer Andrea , Fölster‐Holst Regina , Kahle Julia , Kinberger Maria , Nemat Katja , Neustädter Irena , Peters Eva , von Kiedrowski Ralph , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Schmitt Jochen , Schwennesen Thomas , Simon Dagmar , Spindler Thomas , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Werner Ricardo Niklas , Wollenberg Andreas , Worm Margitta , Ott Hagen 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe present S3 guideline was created based on the European English‐language S3 guideline, with special consideration given to the medical conditions in the German‐speaking region, and with additions from the previous German‐language version, in accordance with the criteria of the AWMF. This second part of the guideline addresses the systemic therapy of atopic dermatitis (AD). It covers topics such as the indication for systemic therapy in children, adolescents, and adult patients with AD. Furthermore, it addresses all medications approved for AD, such as the biologics dupilumab and tralokinumab, the Janus kinase inhibitors abrocitinib, baricitinib, and upadacitinib, as well as conventional immunosuppressive therapies with systemic glucocorticosteroids and ciclosporin. Additionally, it discusses systemic off‐label therapies. The first part of the guideline, published separately, includes the definition and diagnostic aspects of AD, describes topical therapy, non‐drug therapy approaches, and addresses aspects related to special patient groups.
The volatility of survey measures of culture and its consequences
Authors: Zanella Giulio , Bellani Marina M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMeasures of cultural attitudes derived from the World Values Survey are often used in economics to investigate the relation between individual culture and aggregate output. We show (i) that these measures are constructed from underlying variables that exhibit within‐country volatility and time trends; and (ii) that such lack of persistence implies fragile correlations between cultural measures and output. These points are illustrated by revisiting prominent studies in this literature.
Adhesion to and survival of foodborne pathogens in produce and strategies for their biocontrol
Authors: Barba‐León Jeannette , Arista‐Regalado Aurora Dolores , Mancilla‐Becerra Lilia Mercedes , Flores‐Valdez Mario Alberto , González‐Aguilar Delia Guillermina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFoodborne pathogens can cause gastrointestinal infections in consumers and in some cases can even lead to outbreaks. In the last decade, it has been observed that some zoonotic pathogenic bacteria can use plants as secondary hosts. Contamination with foodborne bacteria becomes relevant in foods that are regularly eaten raw, such as lettuce, cilantro, fenugreek, rocket leaves, basil, and so forth, and some fruits such as tomatoes, melons, and green peppers; because the elimination of these pathogenic bacteria is difficult to achieve with conventional sanitization processes. Contamination of produce can occur throughout the entire production chain. In farmlands, pathogenic bacteria can contaminate the seed, mainly when contaminated water is used for irrigation. Later, bacteria can reach other plant tissues such as the stems, leaves, and fruits. Another form of contamination is when the produce is in contact with feces from domestic, production, or wild animals. Additionally, poor handling practices during harvest, packaging, distribution, and sale can contaminate produce. Studies have shown that foodborne pathogens can adhere to produce, sometimes forming a biofilm, and can also be internalized into the plant or fruit, which protects them from sanitation processes. For this reason, in this text we address three biocontrol strategies such as bacteria, lytic bacteriophages, and some fungi, as an alternative approach for the control of both foodborne and plant pathogens. Additionally, the use of these biological agents can represent an advantage for the development of the plant, making them a good strategy to favor yield.
Stigma and loneliness among young and middle‐aged stroke survivors: A moderated mediation model of interpersonal sensitivity and resilience
Authors: Huang Haitao , Zhang Liao , Dong Wanglin , Tu Ling , Tang Haishan , Liu Shejuan , Chen Hong , Xie Naze , Chen Chaoran 
Published: January 2024

Accessible SummaryWhat is known about the subject?

Loneliness is common among young and middle‐aged stroke survivors. It not only hinders the recovery of their neurological and physical functions but also increases the risk of stroke recurrence, disability, and even death.

Improving the mental health of young and middle‐aged stroke survivors is of utmost importance. However, previous research has not yet investigated the impact of interpersonal sensitivity and resilience on the relationship between stigma and feelings of loneliness.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

This study confirms that stigma has a positive impact on loneliness among young and middle‐aged stroke survivors.

Interpersonal sensitivity partially mediates the relationship between stigma and loneliness, and resilience plays a moderating role in the mediating mechanism.

What are the implications for practice?

Mental health nurses can formulate nursing interventions to reduce loneliness of young and middle‐aged stroke survivors with the goals of improving stigma, reducing interpersonal sensitivity and cultivating resilience.

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies have not explored the impact of interpersonal sensitivity and resilience on the relationship between stigma and loneliness. However, improving the resilience of young and middle‐aged stroke survivors and increasing their social participation is of great significance for reducing patients' loneliness of patients and promoting their physical and mental rehabilitation.AimsTo investigate the influence of stigma, interpersonal sensitivity and resilience on loneliness among young and middle‐aged stroke survivors.MethodsA cross‐sectional design was used to collect data. A total of 330 participants completed measures of stigma, resilience, interpersonal sensitivity and loneliness. The descriptive statistical approach, Pearson's correlation analysis and Hayes' PROCESS Macro Model 4 and 7 in regression analysis were used to analyse the available data.ResultsThe results revealed that young and middle‐aged stroke survivors' stigma, resilience, interpersonal sensitivity and loneliness were significantly correlated between every two variables, with coefficients ranging between −0.157 and 0.682. Interpersonal sensitivity played a partial mediating role in stigma and loneliness, accounting for 63.27% of the total effect; This process was moderated by resilience.DiscussionStigma positively predicts participants' loneliness. As a mediating mechanism with moderating, interpersonal sensitivity and resilience further explain how stigma affects loneliness.Implications for PracticeUnderstanding this mechanism is of guiding significance to reduce loneliness of young and middle‐aged stroke patients and promote their physical and mental rehabilitation.
Screening Candida auris through a multiplex stepwise PCR algorithm directly from clinical samples of patients suspected of otomycosis in south of Iran; Detection of five cases
Authors: Naeimi Behrouz , Safari Fatemeh , Ahmadikia Kazem , Ahmadipour Mohammad Javad , Sadeghzadeh Farzaneh , Kondori Nahid , Ahmadi Bahram 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundOtomycosis is an infection of the external auditory canal caused by molds and yeasts with descending frequency. Laboratory diagnosis is usually confirmed by microscopy and culture. However, they are not specific enough to reliably differentiate the causative agents, especially for rare pathogens such as Candida auris. The purpose of the current study was to the molecular screening of C. auris species from direct clinical samples of patients with suspected otomycosis in Southern of Iran.Materials and MethodsA total of 221 ear aspirates collected from 221 patients with suspected otomycosis over a four‐year period. All the ear aspirations were examined with pan‐fungal primers, then those with a positive result was included in two separate reaction mixtures simultaneously to identify the most clinically relevant Aspergillus and Candida species. The validity of positive samples for C. auris was assessed by sequencing.ResultsOf the 189 pan‐fungal positive PCRs, 78 and 39 specimens contained Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp., respectively. Furthermore, 65 specimens showed simultaneous positive bands in both Candida and Aspergillus species‐specific multiplex PCR including five samples/patients with positive result for C. auris (5/189; 2.6%). Four out of five cases with C. auris species‐specific PCR were reconfirmed by sequencing, while none were positive for C. auris in culture.ConclusionUnfortunately, due to high treatment failure rates of antifungal classes against C. auris species, rapid and accurate identification of patients colonised with C. auris is critical to overcome the challenge of preventing transmission. This PCR assay can be successfully applied for rapid and accurate detection of C. auris directly in patient samples and is able to differentiate C. auris from closely related Candida species.
Best Practices in STEM Education for Preschool Children: A Case Study in Malaysia
Authors: Ghazali Azam , Mohamad Ashari Zakiah , Hardman Joanne , Omar Romarzila , Handayani Sri Wiji 
Published: January 2024

Previous research has demonstrated that since 1967, the Malaysian government has set a target percentage rate of 60:40 for student involvement in the science stream compared to literature. This ratio policy has been followed throughout the national school system ever since. However, such a ratio appears to be impossible to maintain year after year. Therefore, the empowerment of science education needs to be explored from an earlier. This study was conducted to (i) explore best practices in Early Science in relation to the implementation of STEM activity in preschool; (ii) explore best practices in Early Mathematics in relation to the implementation of STEM activity in preschool; (iii) explore technology-assisted teaching tools in relation to the implementation of STEM activity in preschool; and (iv) explore engineering activity in relation to the implementation of STEM activity in preschool. This qualitative study employed a case study approach, with data triangulation based on interviews, observations, and document analysis serving as the exploratory method. This study was conducted independently in three Malaysian preschools in Perak and Selangor respectively, with four teachers and 39 children participating as study participants. ATLAS.ti version 8 software was used to generate, arrange, and organise the themes from the three research instruments described utilizing descriptive analysis with the flow of coding processes. The results show that there are nine STEM education best practices, with play-based learning being identified by participants the most frequently. Thus, this study's most significant contribution is the potential to bridge the gap between the Ministry of Education Malaysia's goals to advance STEM education globally, starting in the early years.
K‐theory Soergel bimodules
Authors: Eberhardt Jens Niklas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe initiate the study of ‐theory Soergel bimodules, a global and ‐theoretic version of Soergel bimodules. We show that morphisms of ‐theory Soergel bimodules can be described geometrically in terms of equivariant ‐theoretic correspondences between Bott–Samelson varieties. We thereby obtain a natural categorification of ‐theory Soergel bimodules in terms of equivariant coherent sheaves. We introduce a formalism of stratified equivariant ‐motives on varieties with an affine stratification, which is a ‐theoretic analog of the equivariant derived category of Bernstein–Lunts. We show that Bruhat‐stratified torus‐equivariant ‐motives on flag varieties can be described in terms of chain complexes of ‐theory Soergel bimodules. Moreover, we propose conjectures regarding an equivariant/monodromic Koszul duality for flag varieties and the quantum ‐theoretic Satake.
New Developments in Hydroelectric Power-Plant Design
Authors: Sirnit J. A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The most logical and simplest way to maintain the full capacity of a hydraulic power plant during flood periods is to remove the high tail water from the discharge opening. This may be most successfully accomplished by a backwater suppressor utilizing the waste water and the present paper is chiefly devoted to the development and application of this method.
Two testing models are described and the results presented, while the design of the draft-tube orifice is discussed at considerable length. Finally the plant of the Alabama Power Company at Mitchell Dam on the Coosa River in Alabama, where the Thurlow type of backwater suppressor was first conceived and applied, is described, details of its construction and equipment being included.
Stress Concentration Produced by Holes and Fillets
Authors: Timoshenko S. , Dietz W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In many practical cases a very high stress concentration is produced by holes, grooves, notches, and sharp variation of cross-sections. This stress concentration is particularly undesirable where materials undergo reversal of stress. Coefficients of safety as hitherto employed have been large enough to cover such weakness. The modern tendency in design is to increase working stresses, thus obtaining lighter and more economical structures, and concentration of stress is thus receiving more attention.
The authors attack a number of practical problems relating to holes and fillets, and employ several methods of approach; namely, analytical method giving approximate solutions for certain simple cases; photoelastic method by means of which stress concentration can be studied if the problem is a two-dimensional one; Lueders’ Line, method, the study of certain lines appearing on the polished surfaces of a mild-steel specimen subjected to simple tension or compression, at the points of highest stress concentration; and fine extensometer measurements at points of stress concentration. Analytical and experimental methods are found by the authors to be in satisfactory agreement as far as static loads are concerned. When reversal of stress is involved, the weakening effect of stress concentration can only be established accurately on the basis of fatigue tests.