bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Identification of Enterococcus Faecium from Locally (Mukra) and Study some of their Morphological and Biochemical Properties
Authors: Khaleel N T , Yaseen A A , Hasan A N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study aimed to isolate Enterococcus faecium from pickled turnip and red beet, locally known Mukra and study some of phenotypic characteristics and its ability to antagonism against some pathogenic bacteria. The isolate was selected depending on the shape of the colony growing in MRS-Agar, as it formed smooth, convex, and translucent domed white or creamy colonies. The microscopic characteristics of the bacteria were tested, as they were double spherical or with short chains, non-motile and non-spore-forming. Biochemical tests showed that the isolate is negative for catalase, amylase and gelatinase, does not consume citrate, does not form ammonia from arginine, does not reduce nitrates, and does not produce indole from tryptophan. While the sugars fermentation tests showed the ability of the isolate to ferment Raffinose, Glucose, Sucrose, Xylose, Arabinose, Lactose, Melebose, Trehalose, Rhamnose, Lactose, Cellobiose, Maltose, and the ability to produce gas from the fermentation of Xylose, Raffinose, Glucose. The PCR results showed that the isolate belongs to Enterococcus faecium-K189-3. The isolate showed the ability to inhibit some types of pathogenic bacteria.
Fatty Acids Profile of Olive Oil in Response to Nutrient-Based Organic Fertilizer of Olive Tree
Authors: Kattmah G M , Alali Y M , Okla B 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This research was conducted in season 2022 in a private farm planted with olive tree var. “Nabali”, in Al-Muqailibah – Damascus countryside, in order to evaluate the impact of certified organic fertilizer named “Chap Liquid” in the oil composition of fatty acids. The orchard is divided in to six experimental plots, in the first four one’s trees received the certified organic fertilizer, at two concentrations 1/50 and 1/100, as a ground fertilizer and foliar application for each rate, as well as two treatments of cow manure and chemical fertilizer. Fatty acids composition in olive oil samples were estimated in the Food Technology Laboratory at Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University.The results showed that the oil of studied olive variety was affected positively by using certified organic fertilizer, increasing concentration of fertilizer significantly improve the saturated fatty acids contents, however, this was accompanied by a decrease of Oleic acid proportion, so the concentration of 1/100 was the best as the oleic acid was significantly increased in this rate.No significant differences were observed between the method applications of liquid fertilizer on the fatty acids profile. It is very important to benefit from these results in finding alternatives to chemical fertilizers in olive groves, as well as providing the trees nutrients during conversion to produce organic olive oil, especially since it tops the desired products for consumption in foreign markets.
Study of the Use of Banana Peels Powder in Removing some Heavy Metals
Authors: Sedrah Z T , Alshamary E I 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The ability of banana peel powder to remove lead, copper, and nickel was studied, and it was found that treating the peel powder with HCl acid increased the efficiency of the adsorption process for banana peel powder treated with acid at a concentration of 10%, as the removal percentage reached 45%, 30% and 25% for lead, copper, and nickel, respectively. As for the untreated banana peel powder, the removal percentage was 32%, 21%, and 18%. As for the treatment of banana peel powder with the base as NaOH at a concentration of 10%, it reached 20%, 15%, and 12% for each lead, copper, and nickel, respectively. When banana peel powder was treated with 40% acid, the removal percentage was 68%, 53%, and 44% for lead, copper, and nickel, respectively. The percentage of metal removal increased with increasing pH from 2 to 4, as the percentage of removing at pH 2 reached 41%, 29%, and 25%, and at pH 3 reached 65%, 40%, and 33% to reach the best removal rates at pH 4, which reached 75, 55 and 58% for lead, copper, and nickel respectively. The rates of metal removal then decreased with increasing pH, as the removal rate at pH 5 reached 69%, 46%, and 47%, at pH 6 reached 67%, 50%, and 45%, and at pH 7 reached 40%, 39% and 37% for lead, copper, and nickel, respectively.
The Effect of Dosing with Lemon Juice on the Renal Tissue of Laboratory Rats with Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis/ Nephrolithiasis) Experimentally
Authors: Abd N M , Saeed S K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Kidney stones and renal tissue damage are common diseases that are affected by many causes, including nutritional causes. There have been many ways to treat kidney disease and ways to prevent it through appropriate diets. The research aimed to study the effectiveness of lemon juice in preventing kidney disease in laboratory rats. As 15 animals were distributed in three groups, the first was considered a control group that was dosed with distilled water and the other group was dosed with ethylene glycol as a cause of kidney injury, while lemon juice was used to treat the latter. It was found through the histological sections of the kidneys that the lemon extract helped to preserve the kidneys of the animals, as the glomeruli appeared regularly with the integrity of the epithelial cells of the renal tubules. It was found that the rates of damage to the renal glomeruli in the group treated with lemon did not differ significantly from the animals that were not exposed to infection (the control group). And the damage rate is about 22%. The percentage of damage to the glomeruli in the histological sections of animals that were dosed with the causative agent of stone formation (ethylene glycol) and not treated was about 75%, as the results of histological cutting indicated that they contained atrophy in the renal glomeruli with dissection of Bowman’s capsule and hemorrhage on the surface with calcium crystals deposits.
Effect of a Partially Purified Actinidin Enzyme from Kiwi Fruit on the Chemical Properties of Aged Chicken Meat
Authors: Mohamed Y Y , Ahmed M M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the actinidin enzyme which is partially purified from kiwi fruit, on the chemical properties of aged chicken meat. Thirty-five old laying hens of the Lohmann Brown breed at the age of 64 weeks, with an average weight of 1.700 kg were used. After slaughtering, skin and intestines were removed, cleaned, and breast meat was cut into small pieces. The experiment had ten treatments, one of which was the control, and nine treatments included some concentrations (0.25, 0.75, and 1.00) % of the partially purified actinidin enzyme for three incubation periods (120, 240, and 360) minutes. The obtained results showed that there was a significant decrease in the pH value at the level of probability (p≤0.05) between the treatments when the enzymatic extract of kiwi fruit was added to the aged chicken meat at three different concentrations for three incubation periods. The results also indicated a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in the percentage of ash, fat and protein compared with control samples, and that the percentages of ash in samples treated with concentrations of (0.25, 0.75, and 1.00%) of actinidin enzyme for the three incubation periods (120, 240, and 360) minutes decreased compared to the control sample.
Study of the Physical and Functional Properties of Fenugreek Gum
Authors: Ayoub A A , Abdul-Rahman S M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of the research was to isolate Fenugreek gum from local defatted seed powder and to investigate its physical and functional properties. The results showed that gum yield was 12.2% on dry weight basis, physical and functional properties results were the Refractive Index 1.3350, Density 1.0092 g/cm3, Degree of Rotation of the Polarized Light 23.3-, Viscosity 70.45 mpi at 25°C, Molecular Weight 8.5*105 Daltons and Optimal Wave Length 330 nm. In addition to the functional characteristics of the gum represented by oil holding capacity it gave the highest ratio with castor oil 258.7, and the water binding capacity 26.3 g / g and solubility 60.2% at 25°C. Also, FTIR spectroscopy was used to characterize the gum of fenugreek seed powder. Key Requirements: Fenugreek, Gum, Physical and Functional Properties.
The Effects of Spirulina Platensis on Several Biochemical Parameters in Male Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Hameed A L , Shemiss L E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Spirulina is a blue-green alga which grow in alkaline environment. It characterizes by being highly rich with divers nutrients, elements, vitamins, and pigments which are very beneficial, thus it is used as nutrition supplements and therapeutics purposes for human and animals as well. The objective of this study was to evaluate its effects on blood components, vitamin D, and lipid profile in rich fed rats. Eighteen Wistar male rats were used in this study and they were divided to three groups, each consist of six animals. The first group was control, the second and third groups were administered spirulina suspension 1gm/kg of b.w. and 1.5 gm/kg of b.w, respectively for twenty-eight constitutive days. Blood samples were collected from fasted animals at the end of experiment, 29th day, 24 hrs after the last dose of administration. Whole blood picture was used to measure blood compositions, while serum was used to measure the concentration of lipid profile and vitamin D3. Results regarding blood components shown that the high dose 1.5 g/kg of b.w. caused significant increase in RBC, HGB, MCH, and MCHC measurements comparing to the control group. Also spirulina concentration 1.5 g/kg of b.w. resulted in significant decrease in two types of lipids including TRI and VLDL comparing to control groups. The findings indicated that spirulina showed positive effects on blood contents and also improved certain lipids by shifting their concentrations. These results may attribute to spirulina contents of main nutrients, minerals, vitamins and its antioxidant compounds.
Effect of some Plants Juices and Lactoferrin on the Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Al-Jubori O S H , Alsahaf E F , Alkudsi N H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was planned to investigate the effects of some medicinal plant juices and Lactoferrin on pathogenic microorganisms that contaminated milk. An experiment was carried out in microbiology laboratory of Animal Production Department/College of Agriculture/University of Baghdad. Lemon, ginger and garlic juices and Lactoferrin were used at a concentration of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 100 percent of each, added to petri dishes contain Escherichia coli, Proteus, Salmonella, Staphylo coccus aureus. It turns out that garlic and ginger juice have a stronger growth inhibition than lemon juice and Lactoferrin on E. coli their impact on the Proteus also showed a positive effect on the size of the zone of inhibition other than ginger, which had no effect on the growth of those organisms. Furthermore, their impact on the Salmonella, garlic juice had the same positive effect, followed by Lactoferrin. While ginger and lemon juice had effect only in high concentration. The effect of lemon juice on Staphylo aureus was greater than that of ginger and Lactoferrin, which had a positive effect only in high concentrations and increased the size of zone of inhibition by increasing concentration. It can be concluded that garlic juice has the strongest inhibition effect on all tested microorganism compared with the other juices and Lactoferrin, especially in high concentrations as the size of halo inhibition increased with the increasing juice concentration.
Geographical Study of Medicinal Plants Using GIS and GPS Tools in Some Villages, Barzan Sub-District, Mergasor Districts Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Faizy H S , Haji G Y , Saeed S M , Mala T S , Ibrahim M S , Khider M A , M S A S  
Published: December 2023

AbstractA geographical study and mapping for the distribution of medicinal plants within some villages around the Mergasor district which have long used the plant for medicine are Esomara, Alka, Shanadar, and Hassani cheaye sherene Villages have been done. These villages are located in Iraqi Kurdistan Region Barzan Sub-District, Mergasor District at Erbil Province, Iraqi Kurdistan Region. This study aimed to identify the medicinal plants (herbs) in agroforestry in four Villages. The survey method was used by making four plots in the field. The coordinate positions of medicinal plants were recorded using a global positioning system (GPS), and their distribution was examined using a geographic information system (GIS). The results showed that there were twenty-one families, species with a total of forty -four individuals plant found. Liliaceae family was the dominant found with seven species of plants followed by Lamiaceae (species of plants) and Asteraceae (four species of plants). The information about medicinal plant species is essential. Therefore, it is necessary to develop information about the medicinal plant so as to preserve the existing species of plants and to enrich the species of medicinal plants which are not found in these Villages due to the importance of these plants in Kurdish folk medicine.
An Economic Analysis of Indicators of Sustainable Agricultural Development in Iraq (Environmental Indicators as a case study)
Authors: Kareem L H , Al-Hiyali A D K , Hamid M M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The research aimed to study the environmental indicators as one of the indicators of sustainable development in Iraq to find out the reality of the environmental situation as well as to know the strengths and weaknesses and what are the available opportunities for their advancement and to confront the threats that deepen the weaknesses in these indicators. The research concluded that the Iraqi environment suffers from the effects of these indicators, although its data indicate a decrease in its averages compared to the world, but its growth rates clearly indicate that the future of the environment in Iraq does not bode well, As well as the transformation of significant areas of agricultural lands into decertified lands or threatened with desertification due to climate change and the decline in water imports, not to mention the urban sprawl and the enactment of laws that exacerbated the problem, as well as the lack of balance between population growth and food production. The research recommended the need to provide accurate data on environmental indicators that contribute to an accurate assessment of environmental performance in Iraq, relying on alternative energy sources, working on sustainable agriculture and limiting random urban expansion.
Comparative Advantage and the Impact of Government Intervention Policy in Dairy Production in Iraq
Authors: Al-Khazraji Z S , Ahmed A F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Food industry is a major element of the economy because of its ability and effectiveness to revive and stimulate the overall economic processes in the country to produce milk and enhance the value surplus. Food industries are characterized by their capacity, multiplicity of patterns, and techniques and complexity of the various processes. The dairy industry is one of the branches of the important food industry, as it works to improve the health status of the population and give rural people wide opportunities for work and reduce unemployment rates. The aim of the research is to shed light on dairy industry to investigate comparative advantage in Iraq and its local efficiency as well as to know impact of the policy of government intervention. Policy analysis matrix (PAM) has shown that the value of the cost factor of the local supplier (DRC) is (0.54) which is less than one. This means that dairy production has a comparative advantage of utilizing local resources and that this production is socially profitable. The also study conducted sensitivity analysis by imposing a 10% increase in costs for traded inputs as well as reducing revenue by border prices for one ton of production. After calculating the transactions for both cases, the interpretation of coefficients did not change. The study concluded that dairy projects in Iraq for the sample in the period of study was profitable in terms of both private and social prices and there is a comparative advantage according to the domestic resource cost which was less than one.
Carbon stock potential in rehabilitated mangrove in Lubuk Kertang Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Basyuni M , Pandiangan P , Amelia R , Al Mustaniroh SS , Larekeng S H , Sumarga E , Slamet B , Arifanti V B 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Mangrove forests are one of the most productive and efficient long-term natural carbon sinks, tropical natural resources that have social, economic and ecological benefits. Even though the area of mangrove forests is relatively large in of the world, the consequences of various anthropogenic cause various damages. Given their global significance as a large carbon sink, preventing mangrove loss would be an effective climate change adaptation and mitigation strategy. This research was conducted to analyze carbon stocks in mangrove forests resulting from the rehabilitation of former pond land in Lubuk Kertang Village, West Brandan District, Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The census method was applied in this study, to calculate the value of carbon stocks using an allometric equation with DBH > 5cm. The aboveground biomass was 15.54 Mg/ha. Soil sampling for organic carbon content by collecting a sub-sample 5 cm from the center of the core. The total value of the total carbon stock above and below the soil surface is 9.42 Mg/ha1 and soil carbon is 685 MgC/ha1.
Belawan Harbour Environmental Monitoring Supports Welfare of Fisherman
Authors: Tarigan Simon , Rauf Abdul , Rahmawaty  , Harahap R Hamdani 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Belawan Harbour is located in Medan City, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The interaction between Belawan Harbour and the local community sometimes creates a controversy that can still be tolerated. The controversy is usually caused by the effect of activities in Belawan Harbour on the environment, which can be seen from social, economic and cultural aspects. Harbour Management did an observation of that component to recognize the rate of achievement of environment management which is carried out routinely every semester of year. The observation was done by conducting interviews using questionnaires to 70 participants. The research parameter is the advantages and disadvantages that local communities have. Participant determination was done by purposive sampling, by the distribution of 21.4% government apparatus, 7.14% public figures and 71.42% local communities. Based on the advantage aspect; the most dominant statement was; the economic improvement for the local area is 51.42% and working chances of improvement is 41.42%, meanwhile from the disadvantage aspect, the participants mostly stated that there was air pollution (50%) and noise pollution is 14.28%. %. In conclusion, the environment management done by PT Pelindo Regional 1 towards the Belawan Harbour operation is quite good, indicated by the high percentage of advantages in Belawan Harbour.
The Role of Actors in Forest Management in West Sulawesi Province
Authors: Asgaf M , Kurniawan MA , Halis A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Forest Management is an important key to balancing the needs of human life with environmental sustainability. The needs of human life, which continue to increase every day, will certainly put more pressure on forest sustainability, so managing forests in a fair, wise, and prudent manner will certainly bring greater benefits. West Sulawesi Province has a total forest area of 1.06 million hectares, or around 63% of the total land area of West Sulawesi. As time goes by and the population increases, forest management becomes increasingly complex and creates many existing problems and challenges. To answer these problems and challenges, the role of each existing stakeholder is required. Stakeholders can also be said to be actors who have power, roles, relationships, power and interests; therefore, it is very important to research related actors who play an active role and have great power in forest management in West Sulawesi using actor analysis methods. This method will later map and capture every actor involved in forest management in West Sulawesi into groups that have power and interests. So by knowing their power and interests, it is hoped that forest management in West Sulawesi will get better in the future.
Analysis of Flood Susceptibility Using Frequency Ratio Method in Paremang Watershed
Authors: Amaliah Rizki , Syabandi Muh. Alif 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The flood in the Paremang Watershed caused damage to the road that connected several districts in South Sulawesi. In addition, it also inundated rice fields and residential areas, causing losses to residents. Therefore, this research was carried out to identify floods, find out the causes of floods that influence the occurrence of floods in the Paremang Watershed, and make a flood hazard map in the Paremang Watershed. This study uses SAR Sentinel-1 imagery to identify floods that occur in the Paremang watershed and frequency ratio analysis to look at the causative factors that influence flooding in the Paremang watershed and project a flood susceptibility map based on the causes of flooding. The results of this study show that in 2017–2021, an area of 3,446.12 ha was affected by flooding from the Paremang Watershed area of 92,717 ha. The land cover factor in the paddy field class with a frequency ratio value of 4.83, the slope factor in the 0-8% class with a frequency ratio value of 4.32, and the altitude factor in the 0-200 masl class with a frequency ratio value of 4.08 are the factors that most frequently occur in that factor. The flood hazard map in the Paremang watershed shows that the downstream part of the Paremang watershed is an area of high and very high susceptibility.
The Effect of Land Cover Changes on Surface Runoff Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool in the Bila Watershed
Authors: Wahyuni  , Salimin F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Changes in land cover have a negative impact on land and water resources that occur in the watershed area. This study aims to analyze changes in land cover in 2016 and 2021 and their effects on surface runoff in the Bila Watershed. Analysis of land cover change using the Geographic Information System approach, and then analyzing the effect of land cover change on surface runoff from the results of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool Model. The results showed that the land cover of Bila Watershed when experiencing the highest change was in shrubs of 680.29 ha, dryland agriculture covering an area of 520.99 ha and secondary dryland forest covering an area of 155.76 ha. The effect of land cover changes on surface runoff varies. The highest increase in surface runoff was in shrub cover change to agricultural land and open land while the lowest increase in surface runoff was with changes in primary dryland forest land cover to secondary dryland forest. The surface runoff coefficient of the Bila Watershed in 2016 was included in the good category with a value of 0.16 while in 2021 was included in the moderate category with a value of 0.26.