bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of temperature on the post‐diapause embryonic development and the hatching time in three grasshopper species (Orth., Acrididae)
Authors: Hao S. G. , Kang L. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract:A study was conducted to determine the effects of six constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C) on the post‐diapause embryonic development and the hatching time in three grasshopper species –Omocestus haemorrhoidalis (Charp.), Calliptamus abbreviatus Ikonn. and Chorthippus fallax (Zub.) – from the Inner Mongolian steppe. The results indicate that the species differ in the developmental rates, survival curves and cumulative hatching probabilities. The eggs of O. haemorrhoidalis had the fastest developmental rate with a low developmental threshold temperature of 9.9°C and the sum of effective temperature (SET) 211.2 degree‐days (DD). The corresponding values were 10.9°C and 210.6 DD for C. abbreviatus, 10.5°C and 240.2 DD for Ch. fallax respectively. The SET at which 50% of post‐diapause eggs hatched were 252.0 DD for O. haemorrhoidalis, 262.8 DD for C. abbreviatus, and 273.3 DD for Ch. fallax. The predicted maximal hatch ability of O. haemorrhoidalis (91.17%), C. abbreviatus (75.67%) and Ch. fallax (94.07%) occurred at 23.7, 29.0 and 31.3°C, respectively. The thermal death points of each species were reached at 43.3, 45.0 and 48.6°C. The optimal temperature ranges were 12.2–35.2°C for O. haemorrhoidalis, 21.7–36.3°C for C. abbreviatus and 20.9–41.7°C for Ch. fallax respectively. These results suggest that O. haemorrhoidalis adapt to hatch at a lower temperature range, C. abbreviatus adapt to mid‐temperature range, while Ch. fallax adapt to hatch at a higher temperature range. Although the SET of Ch. fallax is more than that of the other two species, it is not sufficient to explain the hatching sequence of the species in springtime. The results also indicate that Ch. fallax and O. haemorrhoidalis have wider adaptive temperature range than C. abbreviatus.
Characterization of novel Brazilian Bacillus thuringiensis strains active against Spodoptera frugiperda and other insect pests
Authors: da Silva S. M. B. , Silva‐Werneck J. O. , Falcão R. , Gomes A. C. , Fragoso R. R. , Quezado M. T. , Neto O. B. O. , Aguiar J. B. , de Sá M. F. G. , Bravo A. , Monnerat R. G. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract:Brazilian strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, namely S701, S764 and S1265 were analysed regarding their cry gene and protein contents, crystal type, and activity against larvae of the lepidopteran fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith), the velvet caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis), the dipterans (Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti) and the coleopteran (Tenebrio molitor). The LC50 of the strains against second instar larvae of S. frugiperda or A. gemmatalis revealed a high potency against those insect species. The spore–crystal mixtures of the isolates were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and showed similar protein pattern as the B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD‐1 (proteins approximately 130 and 65 kDa) for isolates S701 and S764, respectively, and only one major protein of approximately 130 kDa for isolate S1265. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using total DNA of the isolates and general and specific primers showed the presence of cry1Aa, cry1Ac, cry1Ia and cry2Ab genes in the two isolates serotyped as B. thuringiensis kurstaki (S701 and S764) and the presence of cry1D and cry2Ad in B. thuringiensis morrisoni S1265 strain. Scanning electron microscopy of strains S701 and S764, showed the presence of bipyramidal, cuboidal and round crystals, like in strain HD‐1 and bipyramidal and round crystals like in strain S1265.
Effect of Testosterone and Oestradiol‐17β on Canine Hair Follicle Culture
Authors: Robia C. B. , Mitteregger G. , Aichinger A. , Benesch M. , Bamberg E. 
Published: December 2004

SummarySkin biopsies were taken from four body sites (head, thorax, flank and perineum) of three male entire Beagles and the primary hair follicles were isolated. Culture conditions were established to keep the hair follicles growing for up to 7 days. Additionally, hair follicles were incubated in supplemented medium (containing insulin, transferrin, glutamine and sodium selenite) with or without the addition of testosterone (T) (1, 10 or 100 ng/ml) or oestradiol‐17β (E2β) (0.01, 0.1 or 1 ng/ml), respectively and the daily growth of hair follicles was measured. In vitro daily growth of hair follicles from the thorax was stimulated by the low concentration of both hormones, but the growth of those from the flank was inhibited by the high concentration of both hormones. Hair follicles from the head were positively influenced by the lowest concentration of T and the medium concentration of E2β. The daily growth of hair follicles from the perineum was not significantly influenced by either hormone.
Effect of Oral Enrofloxacin and Florfenicol on Pigs Experimentally Infected withActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeSerotype 1
Authors: Herradora L. M. A. , Martínez‐Gamba R. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThis study was carried out to compare the efficacy of two oral anti‐microbials as metaphylactic medication to pigs inoculated withActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeserotype 1. Forty‐two pigs with an average weight of 22.64 kg were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: group F was given doses of 40 ppm of florfenicol, group E received 150 ppm of enrofloxacin and group C received no medication. Groups F and E received medicated feed 12 h before being inoculated and for 7 days after inoculation. All the pigs were inoculated by aerosol, with 2 × 107 CFU/ml ofA. pleuropneumoniaeserotype 1 each. The average body temperature was higher in group C than in groups E and F, between 12 and 96 h after inoculation (P < 0.05). No differences were found between groups F and E in respiration pattern, nasal secretion and general condition (P > 0.05); however, differences were found in group C for respiration pattern and general condition (P < 0.05), 12 h after inoculation. There was no mortality in groups F and E, whereas a 50% mortality was recorded in group C during the first 48 h after inoculation (P < 0.05). Necropsies and bacterial cultures were performed 12 days after inoculation. Lesions were observed in five pigs of group F (35.71%) with an average damage of 1.16%; in four pigs of group E (28.57%) with 1.24%; and in 13 animals in group C (92.85%) with 34.5% of affected lung tissue (P < 0.05). The infective agent was cultured from various organs of animals in groups F and C, but not from those in group E.
Cerebral High‐grade Astrocytoma (Glioblastoma) in a Cat
Authors: Sato T. , Nakamura A. , Shibuya H. , Shirai W. , Koie H. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryA cerebral tumour was found in the right frontal lobe of a 7‐year‐old female mongrel cat. The mass showed infiltrative growth and caused deformation of the corpus callosum. Histopathologically, the tumour cells showed anaplasia, pleomorphism and mitotic figures. Necrosis and vascular proliferation were prominent. The neoplastic cells surrounded areas of necrosis, but as an indistinct pseudopalisade formation. Immunohistochemically, low numbers of tumour cells labelled positively for anti‐glial fibrillary acidic protein and anti‐S100 protein. Electron microscopically, the majority of tumour cells had no filaments and cytoplasmic processes, but the differentiated cells presented cytoplasmic filaments and glycogen granules. Based on these findings, the tumour was diagnosed as cerebral high‐grade astrocytoma, glioblastoma.
Effects of Nigella sativa L. and Urtica dioica L. on Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Enzyme Systems and Some Liver Enzymes in CCl4‐Treated Rats
Authors: Kanter M. , Meral I. , Dede S. , Cemek M. , Ozbek H. , Uygan I. , Gunduz H. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThis study was designed to investigate the effects Nigella sativa L. (NS) and Urtica dioica L. (UD) on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme systems and some liver enzymes in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐treated rats. A total of 60 healthy male Sprague–Dawley rats were utilized in this study. The rats were randomly allotted into one of four experimental groups: A (CCl4‐only treated), B (CCl4 + UD treated), C (CCl4 + NS treated) and D (CCl4 + UD + NS treated), each containing 15 animals. All groups received CCl4 [0.8 ml/kg of body weight, subcutaneously, twice a week for 90 days starting day 1]. In addition, B, C and D groups also received daily intraperitoneal injections of 0.2 ml/kg NS or/and 2 ml/kg UD oils for 45 days starting day 46. Group A, on the other hand, received only 2 ml/kg normal saline solution for 45 days starting day 46. Blood samples for the biochemical analysis were taken by cardiac puncture from five randomly chosen rats in each treatment group at beginning, at 45th and at 90th day of the experiment. The CCl4 treatment for 45 days increased the lipid peroxidation and liver enzymes, and also decreased the antioxidant enzyme levels. NS or UD treatments (alone or combination) for 45 days starting day 46 decreased the elevated lipid peroxidation and liver enzyme levels and also increased the reduced antioxidant enzyme levels. Live weights of the rats decreased in group A, and increased in groups B, C and D. It is concluded that NS and UD decrease the lipid peroxidation and liver enzymes, and increase the antioxidant defence system activity in the CCl4‐treated rats.
Habitats and Characteristics of the Sea Urchins Lytechinus variegatus and  Arbacia punctulata (Echinodermata)  on the Florida Gulf‐Coast Shelf
Authors: Hill Sophie K. , Lawrence John M. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Lytechinus variegatus and Arbacia punctulata have been studied primarily in inshore, shallow‐water areas. However, they are abundant in deeper waters on the Florida gulf‐coast shelf and seem important components of the benthic communities there. Lytechinus variegatus occurs alone on sand bottoms and A. punctulata occurs alone on rubble bottoms in these deeper waters. The species also co‐occur there on ­heterogeneous bottoms, each in a distinct microhabitat with A. punctulata on rubble and L. variegatus on surrounding sand. Characteristics of the sea urchins in these different deeper‐water habitat types and at one nearshore site with a heterogeneous rubble‐sand bottom were compared. Over the 2‐year study, offshore individuals of both species had low gut and gonad indices and the maximum size of individuals did not change. This suggests food limitation and low production. Offshore, A. punctulata had a higher Aristotle's lantern index and lower gut and gonad indices in populations where it ­co‐occurred with L. variegatus compared to populations where it occurred alone. The ­Aristotle's lantern index of L. variegatus did not differ among the offshore sites. Neither species seemed food limited at the nearshore site. Although productivity is lower at the offshore sites, both species extend their distribution and reproduction potential by existing there.
Antifungal activity of human polymorphonuclear and mononuclear phagocytes against non‐fumigatus Aspergillus species
Authors: Akpogheneta O. , Gil‐Lamaignere C. , Maloukou A. , Roilides E. ,   The EUROFUNG Network
Published: December 2004

SummaryHuman phagocytic defenses against non‐fumigatus aspergilli were compared with those against Aspergillus fumigatus. Monocyte‐derived macrophages exhibited lower phagocytic capacities against non‐fumigatus aspergilli, particularly A. nidulans and A. niger, compared with A fumigatus (P < 0.05). Non‐opsonized hyphae suppressed oxidative burst (as measured by superoxide anion production) of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Further, these cells responded with less vigorous oxidative burst to serum‐opsonized hyphae of non‐fumigatus Aspergillus species, particularly A. flavus and A. terreus, compared with A. fumigatus (P ≤ 0.05). Similarly, PMNs induced less hyphal damage assessed by XTT colorimetric assay to non‐fumigatus species, particularly A. flavus and A. nidulans, compared with A. fumigatus (P < 0.05). Thus, non‐fumigatus aspergilli are generally more resistant to mononuclear and polymorphonuclear phagocytes than A. fumigatus, a finding which should be considered during management of invasive aspergillosis caused by these species.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositols synthesized byTrichophyton rubrumin a cell‐free system
Authors: Pusch Ulrike , Effendy Isaak , Schwarz Ralph T. , Azzouz Nahid 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe opportunistic fungiTrichophyton rubrumandT. mentagrophytes, are responsible for relatively non‐inflammatory chronic dermatophytes infections in immunocompromised patients but also in healthy individuals. This chronic infection is associated with immunosuppressive effects of the cell wall components particularly the polysaccharides secreted by these organisms. We have studied glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor biosynthesis in the pathogenic fungusT. rubrumand could demonstrate thatT. rubrumis able to synthesize GPI structures. Glycolipids synthesized in a cell‐free system prepared from the dermatophyteT. rubrumand labeled with [3H]mannose, and [3H]galactose using GDP‐[3H]mannose and UDP‐[3H]galactose, respectively, were identified and structurally characterized as GPIs. The evolutionary conserved backbone ofT. rubrumGPIs incorporates galactose. Further, all glycolipids lack the acyl group on the inositol which was shown forSaccharomyces cerevisiaeand mammalian GPIs. Our data suggest significant differences in the GPI biosynthetic pathway between mammalian andT. rubrumcells that could perhaps be exploited for the development of an antimycotic forTrichophytoninfection.
Identification of chlamydospore‐negative Candida albicans using CHROMagar Candida medium
Authors: Fotedar R. , Al‐Hedaithy S. S. A. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThis study was undertaken to evaluate the utility of CHROMagar Candida medium for the identification of chlamydospore‐negative Candida albicans. A total of 60 isolates including 45 chlamydospore‐negative C. albicans, 10 chlamydospore‐positive C. albicans (positive controls) and five non‐C. albicans (negative controls) were investigated. On the basis of germ tube test, assimilation of trehalose (Tre), glucosamine (GlcN), N‐acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc), secretory aspartyl production and serotyping, the 45 chlamydospore‐negative C. albicans isolates were assigned to the reported three groups. Eighteen isolates showing positive germ tube test, negative for the assimilation of Tre, GlcN/GlcNAc, strong producers of proteinase (2+) and assigned to serotype B belonged to group I. Whereas, the isolates in group II and group III showed common characteristics including assimilation of Tre, GlcN/GlcNAc, moderate production of proteinase (1+) and were serotype A, except for the fact that group II isolates were germ tube positive and group III isolates were negative. Using CHROMagar Candida medium, all the 45 chlamydospore‐negative and 10 positive control isolates were accurately identified on the basis of characteristic green color at 37 °C for 48 h of incubation. On the other hand at an optimum incubation temperature of 37 °C none of the non‐C. albicans (negative controls) showed characteristic green color thus yielding a 100% sensitivity and specificity. Isolates in group‐I showed a slow growth rate and no visible growth was observed at 24 h, whereas, groups II, III and the control isolates showed visible growth at 24 h. Besides differences in growth rates, these isolates also varied in their characteristic colony color which gradually changed over a period of time. The results of this study clearly suggest that CHROMagar Candida medium is not only a simple, reliable and cost effective method for the identification of chlamydospore‐negative atypical C. albicans, but can also be used to differentiate various groups of chlamydospore‐negative C. albicans.
Herbal medicines for treatment of fungal infections: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials
Authors: Martin Karen W. , Ernst E. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryTraditional medicine has made use of many different plant extracts for treatment of fungal infections and some of these have been tested for in vitro antifungal activity. This systematic review evaluates antifungal herbal preparations that have been tested in controlled clinical trials. Four electronic databases were searched for controlled clinical trials of antifungal herbal medicines. Data were extracted in a standardized manner by two independent reviewers and are reviewed narratively. Seven clinical trials met our inclusion criteria. Tea tree oil preparations were tested in four randomized clinical trials and some positive outcomes were attributed to the intervention in all trials. Solanum species (two trials) and oil of bitter orange preparations (one trial) were compared with conventional treatments. In all cases encouraging results were reported. There are few controlled clinical trials of herbal antifungal medicines. The most thoroughly clinically tested is tea tree oil, which holds some promise. All herbal remedies require further investigation in rigorous clinical trials.
Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma: A special reference to ordinary hepatocellular carcinoma1
Authors: NISHI HIDEHIRO , TAGUCHI KEN‐ICHI , ASAYAMA YOSHIKI , AISHIMA SHIN‐ICHI , SUGIMACHI KEISHI , NAWATA HAJIME , TSUNEYOSHI MASAZUMI 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a worse prognosis than ordinary HCC. The relationship between the malignant potential of sarcomatous HCC and cell proliferation or cell adhesion is unknown. This study was undertaken to clarify this relationship.Methods: In 21 cases of sarcomatous HCC, including 16 surgically resected and five autopsy cases, immunohistochemistry was used to compare the sarcomatous component (s‐comp) and the ordinary component (o‐comp) within each sarcomatous HCC.Results: We found 15 epithelial‐cadherin (E‐cadherin)‐positive cases in o‐comp (79%) and nine positive cases in s‐comp (43%). The difference between sarcomatous HCC and ordinary HCC in E‐cadherin‐positive tumor prevalence was significant (P < 0.05). The Ki‐67 (MIB1) labeling index ratio was 127 ± 40 in s‐comp and 80 ± 33 in o‐comp, and there was a greater tendency to have an ability to multiply in s‐comp than in o‐comp (P = 0.096).Conclusion: This study indicated that the loss of E‐cadherin related to a morphological alteration in sarcomatous HCC; however, no relationship in respect to the malignant potential was found.© 2003 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Altered expression of epimorphin in ulcerative colitis
Authors: SHIRASAKA TOMOYUKI , IIZUKA MASAHIRO , YUKAWA MICHIHIRO , HIRAI YOHEI , HORIE YASUO , ITOU HIROAKI , KON‐NO SHIHO , FUKUSHIMA TSUNEO , WATANABE SUMIO 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground and Aim: Epimorphin is suggested to play a key role in the morphogenesis of epithelial cells. We focused on epimorphin and attempted to clarify the relationship between expression of this molecule and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods: Colonic specimens were taken from 23 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 15 with Crohn's disease (CD), six with non‐IBD colitis, and 10 normal controls. Distribution and expression of epimorphin protein were examined by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis, and expression of epimorphin messenger (m)RNA by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Distribution of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was also examined by immunohistochemistry.Results: In the normal colonic mucosa, epimorphin was observed around the epithelial cells, in some fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and macrophages. In UC patients, epimorphin around epithelial cells disappeared or decreased, and the number of epimorphin‐containing cells (mean + standard error/mm2) was significantly increased in active UC patients (1550.8 ± 144.2) compared with patients in remission (692.8 ± 45.8), CD patients (790.0 ± 31.2), non‐IBD colitis patients (710.8 ± 29.2), and controls (664.8 ± 39.6) (P < 0.01). The number of bFGF‐containing cells was significantly increased in active UC and CD patients compared with UC patients in remission, CD and non‐IBD colitis patients, and controls (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Total expression of epimorphin protein and mRNA was increased in the active stage of UC. Expression of the 34 kDa epimorphin isoform decreased or disappeared in 20 out of 23 cases of UC.Conclusion: Our results suggest that altered expression of epimorphin contributes to impaired healing and chronic inflammation in the colonic mucosa of UC patients.© 2003 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Deregulation of E‐cadherin–catenin complex in precancerous lesions of gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: CHAN ANNIE ON‐ON , WONG BENJAMIN CHUN‐YU , LAN HUI‐YAO , LOKE SHEE‐LOONG , CHAN WAI‐KONG , HUI WAI‐MO , YUEN YUI‐HUNG , NG IRENE , HOU LAURENCE , WONG WAI‐MAN , YUEN MAN‐FUNG , LUK JOHN MOON‐CHING , LAM SHIU‐KUM 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground and Aim: Decrease in expression of the E‐cadherin–catenin complex is an important element in gastric carcinogenesis. However, the expression of the complex in gastric precancerous lesions has not been well studied. The present study aimed to examine the serial change in expression of E‐cadherin–catenin complex in the precancerous lesions of gastric cancer patients.Methods: Gastrectomy specimens of 40 patients with gastric cancer were retrieved. Areas with chronic gastritis, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and adenocarcinoma were identified and immunostained for α‐catenin, β‐catenin and E‐cadherin. The results were scored semiquantitatively by two independent pathologists using a validated scoring system.Results: A significant decrease in score was observed in 5% (1/22) of α‐catenin, 0% (0/22) of β‐catenin and 9% (2/22) of E‐cadherin in chronic atrophic gastritis patients, and in 28% (5/18) of α‐catenin, 67% (10/15) of β‐catenin and 57% (8/14) of E‐cadherin in intestinal metaplasia patients. The scoring of α‐catenin, β‐catenin and E‐cadherin correlated with each other. Forty‐three percent of patients had concordant changes of scores along the gastritis–adenocarcinoma sequence. There was no association between Helicobacter pylori status and E‐cadherin–catenin complex expression.Conclusion: Deregulation of the E‐cadherin–catenin complex was observed in the majority of precancerous lesions in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, which has potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications.© 2003 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Inhibition of ileal bile acid absorption by colestimide
Authors: TAKEUCHI ATSUKO , SANO NAOYO , TAKIKAWA HAJIME 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground: Colestimide is a new type of anion‐exchange resin in Japan, but its effect on bile acid absorption in the ileum has not been studied.Methods: Absorption of ursodeoxycholate, tauroursodeoxycholate, cholate, taurocholate and taurolithocholate‐sulfate in rat ileum was compared in the presence and absence of colestimide. Bile acid adsorption by colestimide in vitro was also studied.Results: All bile acids were efficiently absorbed by the ileum, and the cumulative absorption during 60 min was 25–78%. The absorption of ursodeoxycholate, tauroursodeoxycholate and taurocholate was inhibited by colestimide, whereas that of cholate and taurolithocholate‐sulfate was not inhibited by colestimide. Adsorption of bile acids by colestimide in vitro was higher with taurine conjugates than with the unconjugated forms.Conclusions: Colestimide was shown to be useful to inhibit the physiologically important ileal absorption of bile acid amides in vivo.© 2003 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd