bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explainable Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease Using ROIs and an Ensemble of 3D Vision Transformers
Authors: Saoud Lyes Saad , AlMarzouqi Hasan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Early detection and accurate diagnosis of brain morphological abnormalities are essential for the effective management and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful support tool to aid in disease diagnosis and prediction. In this research study, we present an innovative approach to predict Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using MRI data, which integrates regional interest (ROI)-based methodology and deep learning within a comprehensible framework. The proposed method involves dividing the brain into 138 predetermined sections based on anatomical information. Next, we apply three-dimensional vision transformers (3D-ViTs) to each ROI individually, harnessing the power of deep learning. To improve prediction accuracy, we employ a deep belief network (DBN) as an ensemble learning model. Evaluating our approach on the baseline structural MRI dataset obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort, and comparing it against five other competing models, we demonstrate its performance across four binary classification tasks and a three-class classification test (AD vs MCI vs CN). The proposed system outperforms existing models and provides interpretable insights into the brain regions that significantly contribute to solving each classification problem. Our findings align with the existing body of literature and hold promise for guiding future research directions in this domain.
A protein-proximity screen reveals Ebola virus co-opts the mRNA decapping complex through the scaffold protein EDC4
Authors: Davey Robert , Donahue Callie , Kesari Aditi , Thakur Naveen , Wang Ling , Hulsey-Stubbs Sarah , Williams Caroline , Kirby Cara , Leung Daisy , Aryal Uma , Basler Christopher , LaCount Douglas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The interaction of host and Ebola virus (EBOV) proteins is required for establishing infection of the cell. To identify protein binding partners, a proximity-dependent protein interaction screen was performed for six EBOV proteins. Hits were computationally mapped onto a human protein-protein interactome and then annotated with viral proteins to reveal known and previously undescribed EBOV-host protein interactions and processes. Importantly, this approach efficiently arranged proteins into functional complexes associated with single viral proteins. Focused characterization of interactions between EBOV VP35 and the mRNA decapping complex demonstrated that VP35 binds the scaffold protein EDC4 through the C-terminal subdomain, with each protein found associated in EBOV-infected cells. Mechanistically, depletion of three components of the complex each similarly inhibited viral replication by reducing early viral RNA synthesis. Overall, we demonstrate successful identification of EBOV protein interaction with entire cellular machines, providing a deeper understanding of replication mechanism for therapeutic intervention.
Cardioembolic Stroke: A peculiar remote complication of a foreign object in a child heart.
Authors: Elshahat Mahmoud F , Goha Ahmed , Alosaimi Mohammed A , Hassan Hassan S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The incidence of neurological complications of foreign bodies in the heart is unknown. There is no consensus for the management of asymptomatic foreign bodies in the heart. We report a case of a remote massive cardioembolic stroke, four weeks after a penetrating sewing needle puncture from the anterior chest through the right ventricle and interventricular septum protruding into the left ventricle close to mitral valve sub-valvular apparatus in a 5-year-old boy. the foreign object was surgically removed. We discuss a rare case of delayed complication of penetrating cardiac injury, spotlight on diagnosis, decision making, and management.
The association of hypertension among married Indian couples: a nationally representative cross-sectional study
Authors: Varghese Jithin Sam , Ghosh Arpita , Stein Aryeh , Narayan KM Venkat , Patel Shivani 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Mounting evidence demonstrates that intimate partners sharing risk factors have similar propensities for chronic conditions such as hypertension. The objective was to study whether spousal hypertension was associated with one’s own hypertension status independent of known risk factors, and stratified by socio-demographic subgroups (age, sex, wealth quintile, caste endogamy). Data were from heterosexual married couples (n = 50,023, women: 18-49y, men: 21-54y) who participated in the National Family Health Survey-V (2019-21). Hypertension was defined as self-reported diagnosis of hypertension or average of three blood pressure measurements ≥ 140 systolic or 90 mmHg diastolic BP. Among married adults, the prevalence of hypertension among men (38.8 years [SD: 8.3]) and women (33.9 years [SD: 7.9]) were 29.1% [95%CI: 28.5–29.8] and 20.6% [95%CI: 20.0-21.1] respectively. The prevalence of hypertension among both partners was 8.4% [95%CI: 8.0-8.8]. Women and men were more likely to have hypertension if their spouses had the condition (husband with hypertension: PR = 1.37 [95%CI: 1.30–1.44]; wife with hypertension: PR = 1.32 [95%CI: 1.26–1.38]), after adjusting for known risk factors. Spouse’s hypertension status was consistently associated with own status across all socio-demographic subgroups examined. These findings present opportunities to consider married couples as a unit in efforts to diagnose and treat hypertension.
Sandpiles prediction and crossover on ℤ2 within Moore neighborhood
Authors: Concha-Vega Pablo , Goles Eric , Montealegre Pedro , Perrot Kévin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The computational complexity of predicting sandpiles on ℤ2 is not settled yet, neither for von Neumann nor for Moore neighborhood (is it in NC? is it P-complete?). In this work we study the sandpile model considering all the 256 possible sub-neighborhoods within the Moore neighborhood. Surprisingly, we found that 12 of them have a P-complete prediction problem, while for the remaining 244 neighborhoods, we prove that they do not admit a crossover gate, i.e., for them, it is impossible to cross information, if the bit of information is the presence (or absence) of an avalanche.
Disparities in All-Cause and Cause-specific mortality by Health Insurance Status in Korea
Authors: Kim Ye-Seul , Kim Joungyoun , Kim Yong-Hoon , Kang Hee-Taik 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Although socioeconomic status affects health outcomes, limited research has explored how South Korea’s National Health Insurance system affects mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate whether insurance type and economic status according to premiums are associated with mortality.
Methods
Based on the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening cohort, 246,172 men and 206,534 women aged 40 or older at baseline were included. Insurance status was categorized as employee-insured (EI) or self-employed-insured (SI), and economic status was categorized as low, medium, or high according to insurance premiums. Mortality was determined by linking death records. Cox proportional hazards models was used to analyze the association between insurance factors, all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
Results
After adjusting for various factors, SI group was at a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to EI groups (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) [95% CI] 1.13 [1.10—1.15] for men and 1.18 [1.15—1.22] for women). Individuals in the lower economic status had higher risk of all-cause mortality in both sexes, compared to high economic status (adjusted HR [95% CI] of men mid and low EI, 1.25 [1.21—1.29] and 1.37 [1.33—1.42], respectively; women mid and low EI, 1.06 [1.01—1.11] and 1.07 [1.02—1.13], respectively; men mid and low SI, 1.33 [1.28—1.38] and 1.56 [1.59—1.63], respectively; women mid and low SI, 1.18 [1.12—1.31] and 1.25 [1.19—1.31], respectively). Similar trends were observed after stratification according to cause-specific mortality rates.
Conclusion
SI and lower economic status were associated with an increased risk of mortality.
Trial Registration
This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chungbuk National University Hospital (CBNUH-202211-HR-0236) and adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1975).
Tuberculosis infection of the ischium in a patient with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus: A case report
Authors: Huang Ying , Liu Hengjun , Ling Meng , Meng Shijing , Wei Guang , Zhou Yongfu , Huang Lei , Lai Xiaomei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Primary tuberculosis infection of the ischium is rare and challenging, particularly in immunocompromised patients. We present the case of a 74-year-old man with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus who developed persistent pain and swelling, even the sinus discharged from the left gluteal fold region. Imaging studies revealed lytic lesions in the ischium, cortical destruction, and soft tissue involvement. Histopathological examination confirmed that caseous necrosis occurred. The patient was initiated appropriate treatment for tuberculosis infection, and his symptoms improved without disease progression. Primary tuberculosis infection poses significant diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical and radiological features. Early recognition and a multidisciplinary approach involving infectious disease specialists, pulmonologists, radiologists, and surgeons are crucial for optimal management. The prognosis of this infection is poor, emphasizing the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment. To improve outcomes, comprehensive screening and early detection of infections in high-risk patients, such as those with uncontrolled diabetes, are essential. Future advancements in diagnostic tools may facilitate prompt and accurate diagnosis. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion and employ appropriate diagnostic techniques to ensure early identification and effective management of these complex infections.
Combination of Anti-Angiogenic and Systemic Therapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Before and After Progression to Leptomeningeal Metastasis
Authors: Zhu Xiao-dan , Amanjiaoer Re-ha-ti , Shen Yan-li , Li Na , Abdurazik Mi-hray , Liu Chun-ling , Sun Gang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is the most devastating complication of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and its incidence is increasing. We investigated survival outcomes of patients with NSCLC who received a combination of anti-angiogenic and systemic therapies before and after progression to LM and explored the factors associated with their survival.
Methods
Patients with EGFR-mutant or wild-type NSCLC-LM who received defined systemic therapy from January 2015 to March 2023 were included. The baseline characteristics of the patients were collected. Survival outcomes were analyzed separately for patients who received different therapies before and after LM progression. The primary outcomes were the median time from NSCLC diagnosis to LM (LM-free survival, mLFS) and overall survival (mOS). Prognostic factors were also analyzed.
Results
We enrolled 77 patients with NSCLC-LM. Their mLFS and mOS after EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) plus anti-angiogenic drugs were 19.0 and 21.9 months, respectively, and were significantly longer than that of the EGFR-TKI monotherapy group (14.0 and 8.3 months). mOS was also longer in patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy with anti-angiogenic therapy than in those who did not receive anti-angiogenic therapy, although without statistical significance. One- and two-year LFS rates and OS rates were higher with combination therapy than with chemotherapy or EGFR-TKI monotherapy. Multivariate analysis revealed that metastatic counts at > 3 sites were associated with a shorter LFS, and liver metastasis was an independent predictor of worse OS.
Conclusions
Combination of anti-angiogenic therapy with systemic therapy, particularly EGFR-TKIs, may prolong LFS and OS in patients with NSCLC-LM. Metastasis counts at > 3 sites and liver metastasis may serve as adverse prognostic factors for NSCLC-LM.
Deep sequencing of transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants, resistant to plum pox virus, and different potential of hairpin constructs in producing viral small RNAs
Authors: Sohi Maryam Ghaderi , Gürcan Kahraman , Akbulut Mikail , Teber Saffet , Nikbakht-Dehkordi Azam , Karcı Harun , Özgören Burak 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Globally widespread of Plum pox virus (PPV) and the economic importance of stone fruits, as its natural host, signify the necessity and importance of PPV resistance programs. In the present study Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Nicotiana benthamiana was performed using four inverted repeat constructs, derived from a PPV-T isolate; covering genomic regions: UTR/P1, HCPro, HCPro/P3 and CP; 752, 649, 594, 990 nucleotides, respectively. The efficiency of virus resistance was evaluated by inoculation of transgenic plants with PPV-D, -M, and -T strains. Aiming to compare the potential of hairpin structures in the production of siRNAs and miRNAs in both wild-type and transgenic plants was determined by small RNA high-throughput sequencing. siRNA analysis revealed various potentials of hairpin constructs in producing siRNAs and their accumulation in target regions. Expression profiles of several known and novel miRNAs are dramatically changed to PPV infection on both wild-type and transgenic plants, demonstrating plausible involvement of these miRNAs in plant-virus interaction progress. Based on the abundance of siRNAs and lack of PPV virus accumulation transgenic plants harboring UTR/P1 and CP hairpin construct, it is concluded that UTR/P1 and CP are likely to be the best viral region for induction of resistance.
Prediction of depression risk in patients with coronary heart disease based on nomogram for Chinese population: a population-based multi-center study from 2016 to 2018
Authors: Tong Hongxuan , Zhang Jiale , Nie Wenyi , Jiang Lijie , Dong Lei , Hu Jingqing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
This study aimed to assess the prevalence and identify risk factors associated with depression among coronary heart disease (CHD) patients at different stages in China.
Methods:
Conducted as a hospital-based, cross-sectional study across 48 hospitals in 23 provinces, the research spanned from October 2016 to April 2018. A total of 9044 patients were initially recruited, with 8353 deemed eligible for participation. Depression was assessed using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) Scale. Univariate analysis identified predictors of postoperative depression, and binary logistic regression analysis was employed to ascertain risk factors associated with depressive symptoms. The predictive model was constructed using the "rms" package in R software, demonstrating robust predictive capabilities according to the ROC curve.
Results:
In general, both the degree and overall score based on the PHQ-9 revealed a trend: as the severity of the disease increased, so did the severity of patient depression. Univariate analysis indicated statistical differences concerning general situations and lifestyles. The binary logistic regression model highlighted the proximity of depression to risk factors such as gender, nationality, marital status, education, drinking, BMI, sleep disturbance, and disease status. Utilizing these findings, a predictive nomogram for depression was developed. The model exhibited excellent predictive ability, with an AUC of 0.768 (95% CI = 0.757–0.780).
Conclusions:
This study systematically investigated the prevalence of depression among coronary heart disease patients at various stages. As coronary heart disease advanced, the level of depression intensified. The nomogram developed in this study proves valuable in predicting the incidence of depression in coronary heart disease patients.
Monolithic van der Waals polariton lenses
Authors: Wu Yingjie , Liu Jingying , Yu Wenzhi , Zhang Tan , Mu Haoran , Si Guangyuan , Cui Zhenyang , Lin Shenghuang , Zheng Bin , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Chen Hongsheng , Ou Qingdong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Polaritons, hybrid light and matter waves, offer a platform for subwavelength on-chip light manipulation. Recent works on planar refraction and focusing of polaritons all rely on heterogeneous components with different refractive indices. A fundamental question, thus, arises whether it is possible to configure two-dimensional monolithic polariton lenses based on a single medium. Here we design and fabricate a type of monolithic polariton lens by directly sculpting an individual hyperbolic van der Waals crystal. The in-plane polariton focusing through sculptured step-terraces is triggered by geometry-induced symmetry breaking of momentum matching in polariton refractions. We show that the monolithic polariton lenses can be robustly tuned by the rise of van der Waals terraces and their curvatures, achieving a subwavelength focusing resolution down to 10% of the free-space light wavelength. Fusing with transformation optics, monolithic polariton lenses with gradient effective refractive indices, such as Luneburg lenses and Maxwell’s fisheye lenses, are expected by sculpting polaritonic structures with gradually varied depths. Our results open a new avenue for planar subwavelength lenses and bear great potential in integrated optical circuits and photonic chips.
Robust and Sophisticated Combined-Layered Security: Secured 6G Mobile Network Considerations
Authors: Sr Tarek , El-Bendary Mohsen A. M. , Eltokhy Mostafa , Abouelazm Atef E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Deep learning, machine learning and artificial intelligence have been proposed for enhancing the multimedia processing and security as well as the advanced security tools for 6G networks. The vision of 6G networks refers to linking undersea, terrestrial, and space networks together. This vision involves transferring a massive amount of data over the network. The data hiding based on the deep learning is considered compared to the traditional steganography tools in 6G network, it requires robust and flexible/combined multi- levels of security. This paper presents the proposed vision of 6G security. This paper focuses on security levels on 6G network. The paper proposes a multi-level security system that secures the data without affecting it. The multi-level security system consists of three security levels, which are two encryption techniques and a data hiding technique. The paper carried out several simulation experiments using multi dataset (Mathwork, Yolov8 and others) to evaluate the proposed scenarios and find integration of these techniques that provides the best security performance without affecting the data. The best simulation experiments that provided the best data security performance were the integration between 2D Logistic map, SVD, and Baker Map, respectively. The proposed steganography performs better than the recent published related works and compared with the deep learning based steganography. The proposed combined system provided the better simulation results for image security. The simulation results indicated a perfect match between the original message and the decryption original message after applying the system. The results also indicated that there was no effect on the data and no loss of data.
Curcumin Loaded Biocompatible Polymer Embedded Silver Nanoparticles: A Photophysical Study on New Photosensitizer Composite
Authors: Thambi Lakshmi , Cheriyathennatt Saranya , Kandasamy Elango , Selvam Susithra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Drug delivery is a process that involves effective therapeutic delivery of drugs that we usually use in medical treatments like Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as adopted for cancer treatment. Polyphenyl curcumin (CUR) is one of the major ingredients of rhizome of turmeric. CUR is a photosensitizer molecule which is less soluble in water due to hydrophobicity whose photosensitizing properties can be enhanced by associating it with pharmaceutical excipients like Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and Polyethylene glycol (PEG). This system will have a better compatibility and the association can enhance the solubility of CUR as well as its bioavailability. Nanoparticles have been widely used in various fields of research due to their unique properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are found to have anti-proliferative properties that may increase the ease of drug delivery at the site of physiological action when associated with the drug molecule. The association of CUR with AgNP can be probable photosensitizer system, which can be used in PDT and PDD. In the current work, the fluorescence property of CUR was used to evaluate the AgNP-embedded CUR. The effect of PVP and PEG on AgNP–CUR was analyzed through photophysical studies.
Generative Design of Crystal Structures by Point Cloud Representations and Diffusion Model
Authors: Chu Shibing , Chen Yuanping , Li Zhelin , Mrad Rami , Jiao Runxian , Huang Guan , Shan Jun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Efficiently generating energetically stable crystal structures has long been a challenge in material design, primarily due to the immense arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice. To facilitate the discovery of stable materials, we present a framework for the generation of synthesizable materials leveraging a point cloud representation to encode intricate structural information. At the heart of this framework lies the introduction of a diffusion model as its foundational pillar. To gauge the efficacy of our approach, we employed it to reconstruct input structures from our training datasets, rigorously validating its high reconstruction performance. Furthermore, we demonstrate the profound potential of point cloud-based crystal diffusion (PCCD) by generating entirely new materials, emphasizing their synthesizability. Our research stands as a noteworthy contribution to the advancement of materials design and synthesis through the cutting-edge avenue of generative design instead of conventional substitution or experience-based discovery.
Computed Tomography Volumetric Analysis of Frontal Sinus Pneumatization and its Effect on Lateral Lamella Angle
Authors: Alrehaili Mona , Alharbi Sara T , Alharbi Omar Ali A , Alluhaybi Bandar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Anatomical associations between the frontal sinus and anterior skull base must be carefully understood in preoperative imaging to minimize surgical complications. This study aims to investigate the relationship between frontal sinus volume and lateral lamella angle.
Methods
150 computed tomography scans of paranasal sinuses (300 sides) were retrospectively reviewed. Pneumatization patterns were classified according to volume using a three-dimensional reconstruction analysis of the frontal sinuses. The angle formed between the lateral lamella and the horizontal plane in continuation with the cribriform plate was measured and grouped according to Gera classification based on the hypothetical risk of iatrogenic injury. Analysis of these measurements was conducted.
Results
A positive correlation was found between frontal sinus volume and lateral lamella angle. Hyperplastic frontal sinuses were the most prevalent followed by middle-sized sinuses. 5% of the frontal sinuses were aplastic. Lateral lamella angles ranging from 45 to 80 degrees (Gera class II) were the most common. Aplastic and hypoplastic frontal sinuses were common in subjects with less than 45 degrees lateral lamella angles (Gera class III). Males had significantly higher frontal sinus volumes and lateral lamella angles than females, while the influence of age was insignificant. Lateral lamella angles were significantly higher on the left side.
Conclusion
The frontal sinus volume affects the lateral lamella angle. Larger frontal sinuses are associated with higher lateral lamella angles and vice versa. Understanding this anatomical relationship can help prevent surgical complications.