bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Mapping of Species Boundaries in Louisiana Irises UsingIRRERetrotransposon Display Markers
Authors: Bouck Amy , Peeler Ryan , Arnold Michael L , Wessler Susan R 
Published: August 2005

AbstractGenetic mapping studies provide insight into the pattern and extent of genetic incompatibilities affecting hybridization between closely related species. Genetic maps of two species of Louisiana Irises, Iris fulva and I. brevicaulis, were constructed from transposon-based molecular markers segregating in reciprocal backcross (BC1) interspecific hybrids and used to investigate genomic patterns of species barriers inhibiting introgression. Linkage mapping analyses indicated very little genetic incompatibility between I. fulva and I. brevicaulis in the form of map regions exhibiting transmission ratio distortion, and this was confirmed using a Bayesian multipoint mapping analysis. These results demonstrate the utility of transposon-based marker systems for genetic mapping studies of wild plant species and indicate that the genomes of I. fulva and I. brevicaulis are highly permeable to gene flow and introgression from one another via backcrossing.
A Genetic Screen Targeting the Tumor Necrosis Factor/Eiger Signaling Pathway: Identification of Drosophila TAB2 as a Functionally Conserved Component
Authors: Geuking Peter , Narasimamurthy Rajesh , Basler Konrad 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSignaling by tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) plays a prominent role in mammalian development and disease. To fully understand this complex signaling pathway it is important to identify all regulators and transduction components. A single TNF family member, Eiger, is encoded in the Drosophila genome, offering the possibility of applying genetic approaches for pursuing this goal. Here we present a screen for the isolation of novel genes involved in the TNF/Eiger pathway. On the basis of Eiger's ability to potently activate Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and trigger apoptosis, we used the Drosophila eye to establish an assay for dominant suppressors of this activity. In a large-scale screen the Drosophila homolog of TAB2/3 (dTAB2) was identified as an essential component of the Eiger-JNK pathway. Genetic epistasis and biochemical protein-protein interaction assays assign an adaptor role to dTAB2, linking dTRAF1 to the JNKKK dTAK1, demonstrating a conserved mechanism of TNF signal transduction in mammals and Drosophila. Thus, in contrast to morphogenetic processes, such as dorsal closure of the embryo, in which the JNK pathway is activated by the JNKKK Slipper, Eiger uses the dTAB2-dTAK1 module to induce JNK signaling activity.
The Ama1-Directed Anaphase-Promoting Complex Regulates the Smk1 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase During Meiosis in Yeast
Authors: McDonald Christine M , Cooper Katrina F , Winter Edward 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Smk1 is a meiosis-specific MAPK homolog in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that regulates the postmeiotic program of spore formation. Similar to other MAPKs, it is activated via phosphorylation of the T-X-Y motif in its regulatory loop, but the signals controlling Smk1 activation have not been defined. Here we show that Ama1, a meiosis-specific activator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), promotes Smk1 activation during meiosis. A weakened allele of CDC28 suppresses the sporulation defect of an ama1 null strain and increases the activation state of Smk1. The function of Ama1 in regulating Smk1 is independent of the FEAR network, which promotes exit from mitosis and exit from meiosis I through the Cdc14 phosphatase. The data indicate that Cdc28 and Ama1 function in a pathway to trigger Smk1-dependent steps in spore morphogenesis. We propose that this novel mechanism for controlling MAPK activation plays a role in coupling the completion of meiosis II to gamete formation.
Systemic Suppression of the Contact Hypersensitivity by the Products of Protoporphyrin IX Photooxidation
Authors: Kyagova Alla A. , Mansurova Galina V. , Kozir Lyudmila A. , Ponomarev Gelii V. , Pavlov Vsevolod Y. , Konstantinov Igor O. , Ya. Potapenko Alexander 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is frequently accompanied by induction of systemic immunosuppression. Photochemical mechanisms underlying this effect are not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate the immunosuppressive activity of photooxidation products of protoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester (PPIX) in a murine model of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) to 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). Intravenous injection of the preirradiated solution of PPIX to mice resulted in fluence‐dependent suppression of the CHS. The samples of photodecomposed PPIX with suppressive effect on the CHS contained chlorin‐type products, namely, two isomers of photoprotoporphyrin (pPP1 and pPP2) as main photoproducts. Concentration‐dependent suppression of the CHS was also induced when purified pPP1 or pPP2 were injected to mice intravenously. These purified photoproducts exerted equal immunosuppressive activity. The highest suppression of the CHS was induced when pPP1 was injected 20 h before sensitization with DNFB. The lowest suppression was at its injection time 24 h before challenge. The pPP1‐induced suppression of the CHS was adoptively transferable and was associated with generation of cells with suppressive functions. These suppressor cells inhibited the efferent phase of the CHS. Our results strongly indicate that induction of systemic immunosuppression by PDT with PPIX may proceed through photobleaching of photosensitizer and generation of photoprotoporphyrins, which can affect T cell immunity.
Inside Front Cover: Self‐Assembled Highly Faceted Wurtzite‐Type ZnS Single‐Crystalline Nanotubes with Hexagonal Cross‐Sections (Adv. Mater. 16/2005)
Authors: Yin L.‐W. , Bando Y. , Zhan J.‐H. , Li M.‐S. , Golberg D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHighly faceted wurtzite‐type ZnS nanotubes with hexagonal cross‐section morphologies have been self‐assembled via a controllable high‐temperature thermal‐chemical reaction route in work reported by Yin and co‐workers on p. 1972. The self‐assembly growth along c‐axis to highly hexagonal‐faceted ZnS single‐crystalline nanotubes is associated with the crystallographic characteristics, such as the non‐central and polar surfaces of the wurtzite‐type ZnS structure. The faceted ZnS nanotubes grow along the <0001> direction, and are closed by low‐index faces of non‐polar {1000} faces. The inside cover and insets show electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images of the faceted ZnS nanotubes.
A patient with mosaic partial trisomy 18 resulting from dicentric chromosome breakage
Authors: Morrissette Jennifer J.D. , Medne Livija , Bentley Tyrone , Owens Nancy L. , Geiger Elizabeth , Pipan Mary , Zackai Elaine H. , Shaikh Tamim , Spinner Nancy B. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe present a patient with minor dysmorphic features and a mosaic karyotype with two different abnormal cell lines, both involving abnormalities of chromosome 18. Twenty percent of cells studied (4/20) had 46 chromosomes with a large derivative pseudoisodicentric chromosome 18. This chromosome was deleted for 18pter and duplicated for part of proximal 18p (18p11.2 based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies and all of 18q. The two copies of portions of chromosome 18 were fused in an inverted fashion (duplicated for 18qter‐>18p11.3). The smaller der(18) was present in 80% of cells studied (16/20) and had a normal q‐arm, while the p‐arm was missing the subtelomere region but had duplication of a part of 18p. FISH studies showed that the larger derivative 18 contained the 18q subtelomere at each end, but the 18p subtelomere was absent, consistent with fusion of two regions within 18p resulting in deletion of the subtelomeric regions. The smaller der(18) was also missing the 18p subtelomere (with normal 18q as expected). Further testing with BAC clones mapping within 18p11.2 showed that these sequences were duplicated and inverted in both of the der(18)s. These findings lead us to hypothesize that the smaller der(18) was derived from the larger, dicentric 18 following anaphase bridge formation, with breakage distal to the duplicated segment. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Family‐based association study of serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: No evidence for association in UK and Taiwanese samples
Authors: Xu Xiaohui , Mill Jonathan , Chen Chi‐Ken , Brookes Keeley , Taylor Eric , Asherson Philip 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFive independent studies have reported associations between serotonin transporter gene (5‐HTT) polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Four studies found evidence for association between the long‐allele of a 44‐base pair insertion/deletion polymorphism (5‐HTTLPR), one of the studies found association to a variable number tandem repeat within intron 2, another to the T‐allele of a single base pair substitution in the 3′‐untranslated regions and another reported preferential transmission of a haplotype of the three markers (long‐allele/10‐repeat‐allele/T‐allele). One further study found no evidence for these associations. We investigated the association of these three markers in two samples of ADHD patients from the United Kingdom (n = 197) and Taiwan (n = 212), using within‐family tests of association. No association was found between any of the three markers in either of the two populations. Although we found some evidence for the preferential transmission of a rare haplotype (long‐allele/9‐repeat‐allele/T‐allele; χ2 = 4.5,P = 0.034), we concluded that this most likely occurred by chance factors alone. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuregulin‐1 polymorphism in late onset Alzheimer's disease families with psychoses
Authors: Go Rodney C. P. , Perry Rodney T. , Wiener Howard , Bassett Susan S. , Blacker Deborah , Devlin Bernie , Sweet Robert A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractProbands with late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) exhibit positive symptoms of psychosis, 30–60% of the time. Positive symptoms of psychosis have been shown to appear prior to the onset of dementia to be accompanied by greater cognitive deficits, and to predict a more rapid decline. A study of the distribution of AD with psychosis (ADP) in families from the NIMH Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Initiative sample indicates that the trait is heritable, and linkage studies of multiplex ADP families have found suggestive peaks on 2p, 6q, 8p, and 21q. A genome scan of idiopathic psychosis, schizophrenia, in the Icelandic population identified a risk haplotype within the 5′ region of neuregulin‐1 (NRG1) on 8p12. Associations with NRG1 SNPs have also been found in other schizophrenia populations from Scotland, Ireland, and China. Here, we report results demonstrating a significant linkage peak for ADP on 8p12 in the NIMH AD dataset, encompassing the NRG1 region. We also demonstrate that there is a significant association with a NRG1 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism), rs392499, with ADP, χ2 = 7.0, P = 0.008. This same SNP is part of a 3‐SNP haplotype preferentially transmitted to individuals with this phenotype. Our results suggest that NRG1 plays a role in increasing the genetic risk to positive symptoms of psychosis in a proportion of LOAD families. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphology, thermal stability, and dynamic mechanical properties of atactic polypropylene/carbon nanotube composites
Authors: Yang Jun , Lin Yuhan , Wang Jinfeng , Lai Mingfang , Li Jing , Liu Jingjiang , Tong Xin , Cheng Huiming 
Published: August 2005

AbstractNanocomposites based on atactic polypropylene (aPP) and multiwall carbon nanotubes were prepared by melt blending at 80°C with a Barabender mixer. The morphology, thermal stability, and dynamic mechanical properties of the obtained composites were studied subsequently. SEM observations indicate that the nanotubes are well dispersed in the aPP matrix. Each nanotube is covered by a layer of aPP molecules. Thermal stability of the aPP in nitrogen is found to be enhanced significantly by the addition of nanotubes. Peak temperature of the DTG curve for the nanocomposite with 5 wt % nanotube loading shows about 70°C higher than that of pure aPP. Dynamic mechanical properties of aPP are also influenced by nanotubes, as shown by the increase in the storage modulus as well as significantly broadened loss tanδ peak. These effects of nanotubes on the thermal stability and mechanical properties of aPP are explained by the adsorption effect of the aPP molecules on the nanotube surfaces in this study. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1087–1091, 2005
Characterization of optical properties of acrylate based adhesives exposed to different temperature conditions
Authors: Priyadarshi A. , Shimin L. , Mhaisalkar S. G. , Rajoo R. , Wong E. H. , Kripesh V. , Namdas E. B. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractOptical adhesives combine the traditional function of structural attachment with a more advanced function of providing an optical path between optical interconnects. This article aims to characterize refractive index and birefringence of such adhesives under environmental exposure to different temperature conditions. Optical time domain reflectometery (OTDR) and prism coupling methods were employed to measure optical properties of an optical adhesive. Thermo‐optic coefficient (dn/dT) of the adhesive was observed to decrease noticeably from −2 × 10−4°C−1 to −4 × 10−4°C−1 around the glass transition temperature (Tg ∼ 78°C). It is observed that refractive indices for both TE and TM modes increase with increasing annealing temperature, but the birefringence (TE − TM) is decreasing. This suggests that the material has become more isotropic due to the annealing. The environmental changes in optical properties of the adhesive are discussed in the light of Lorentz–Lorenz equations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 950–956, 2005
Single wall carbon nanotube dispersion and exfoliation in polymers
Authors: Uchida Tetsuya , Kumar Satish 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDispersion and exfoliation of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been studied in poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN), poly(p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) solutions, and composite fibers using transmission electron microscopy. As a result of polymer assisted dispersion and exfoliation, the average SWNT bundle diameter in SWNT/PAN (5/95) was 11 nm, while the average diameter for the pristine SWNT bundles was about 30 nm. High resolution TEM of SWNT/PBO (10/90) composite fibers did not reveal the presence of SWNT aggregates or bundles, suggesting SWNT exfoliation as individuals. On the other hand, both oriented and unoriented nanotube bundles have been observed in SWNT/PBO samples containing 15 wt % nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes are 105 times more radiation resistant than flexible polymers such as polyethylene, and 103 times more resistant than highly radiation resistant polymers such as PBO. Therefore in the high resolution TEM study of nanotube/polymer composites, nanotubes can be observed long after the polymer has been damaged by electron radiation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 985–989, 2005
Development of a fast drying hybrid lacquer in a low‐relative‐humidity environment based on kurome lacquer sap
Authors: Lu Rong , Ishimura Takahisa , Tsutida Katsuya , Honda Takayuki , Miyakoshi Tetsuo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHybrid lacquers that dry quickly in a low‐relative‐humidity environment were synthesized with the repeated kurome lacquer process and an organic silicone compound. An investigation by gel permeation chromatography showed that fractions with different molecular weights showed a lower monomer concentration than the pure kurome lacquer. Fourier transform infrared spectra of the hybrid lacquers revealed that absorption due to the ether of the quinone olefin and/or dibenzofuran appeared around 1470 and 1080 cm−1 and increased with the number of drying days. The gel fractions in the lacquer films increased according to the number of drying days, and this showed that the hybrid lacquers had higher gel fractions than the pure kurome lacquer in the initial stage of dryness. In addition, the drying mechanism of the hybrid lacquers was analyzed with an automatic drying time recorder and rigid‐body pendulum physical property testing measurements. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1055–1061, 2005
Rheological properties of styrene‐co‐2‐furfuryl methacrylate copolymers
Authors: Rego Jose M. , Berglund Charles , Welsh Gary , White Michael 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe copolymerization of styrene with furfuryl methacrylate (FMA) led to a very significant molecular weight increase and to branching, as measured by standard gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and tri‐angle laser light‐scattering GPC. This increase was also confirmed by dynamic mechanical spectroscopy. Extensional viscosity analysis showed that styrene‐co‐2‐furfuryl methacrylate copolymers exhibited strain hardening at low strain rates. This strain hardening is explained as a result of the copolymers' polydispersity features rather than a result of their topology. The presence of strain hardening in extensional viscosity experiments is believed to be advantageous in the production of foamed materials with lower densities. A reduction in density was corroborated by foaming experiments on a development extrusion line. The mechanism of density lowering was related more to cell growth than to increased nucleation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1062–1071, 2005
Synthesis and characterization of epoxy based nanocomposites
Authors: Basara Cigdem , Yilmazer Ulku , Bayram Goknur 
Published: August 2005

AbstractEpoxy‐clay nanocomposites were synthesized to examine the effects of the content and type of different clays on the structure and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (epoxy) was reinforced by 0.5–11 wt % natural (Cloisite Na+) and organically modified (Cloisite 30B) types of montmorillonite. SEM results showed that as the clay content increased, larger agglomerates of clay were present. Nanocomposites with Cloisite 30B exhibited better dispersion and a lower degree of agglomeration than nanocomposites with Cloisite Na+. X‐ray results indicated that in nanocomposites with 3 wt % Cloisite 30B, d‐spacing expanded from 18.4 Å (the initial value of the pure clay) to 38.2 Å. The glass transition temperature increased from 73°C, in the unfilled epoxy resin, to 83.5°C in the nanocomposite with 9 wt % Cloisite 30B. The tensile strength exhibited a maximum at 1 wt % modified clay loading. Addition of 0.5 wt % organically modified clay improved the impact strength of the epoxy resin by 137%; in contrast, addition of 0.5 wt % unmodified clay improved the impact strength by 72%. Tensile modulus increased with increasing clay loading in both types of nanocomposites. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1081–1086, 2005
Metrics for the scope of a collection
Authors: Allen Robert B. , Wu Yejun 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSome collections cover many topics, while others are narrowly focused on a limited number of topics. We introduce the concept of the “scope” of a collection of documents and we compare two ways of measuring it. These measures are based on the distances between documents. The first uses the overlap of words between pairs of documents. The second measure uses a novel method that calculates the semantic relatedness to pairs of words from the documents. Those values are combined to obtain an overall distance between the documents. The main validation for the measures compared Web pages categorized by Yahoo. Sets of pages sampled from broad categories were determined to have a higher scope than sets derived from subcategories. The measure was significant and confirmed the expected difference in scope. Finally, we discuss other measures related to scope.
Measuring short‐ and long‐run promotional effectiveness on scanner data using persistence modelling
Authors: Dekimpe Marnik G. , Hanssens Dominique M. , Nijs Vincent R. , Steenkamp Jan‐Benedict E. M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe use of price promotions to stimulate brand and firm performance is increasing. We discuss how (i) the availability of longer scanner data time series, and (ii) persistence modelling, have lead to greater insights into the dynamic effects of price promotions, as one can now quantify their immediate, short‐run, and long‐run effectiveness. We review recent methodological developments, and illustrate how the analysis of numerous brands and product categories has resulted in various empirical generalizations. Finally, we argue that persistence modelling should not only be applied to traditional performance metrics such as sales, but also to metrics such as firm value and customer equity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genotype–phenotype relationships in an investigation of the role of proteases in abdominal aortic aneurysm expansion
Authors: Eriksson P , Jormsjö-Pettersson S , Brady A R , Deguchi H , Hamsten A , Powell J T 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of functional polymorphisms in promoters of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-12 and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) 1 genes on the growth rate of small abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA).

Methods
Some 455 individuals with a small AAA (4·0–5·5 cm) were monitored for aneurysm growth by ultrasonography (mean follow-up 2·6 years). They also provided a DNA sample for analysis of the −1306 C &gt; T, −1171 5A &gt; 6A, −1562 C &gt; T, −82 A &gt; G and −675 4G &gt; 5G alleles of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-12 and PAI-1, respectively. Mean linear AAA growth rates were calculated by flexible modelling; the sample size was sufficient to detect variants that influenced the growth rate by 25 per cent.

Results
For MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-12 genotypes, growth rates were similar to the mean linear growth rate of 3·08 mm per year. For MMP-3, growth rates were 3·05 (for 5A5A), 3·19 (for 5A6A) and 2·90 (for 6A6A) mm per year. For PAI-1, patients with 4G4G, 4G5G and 5G5G genotypes had growth rates of 3·18, 2·92 and 3·47 mm per year, respectively, for aneurysms with a baseline diameter of 45·1, 44·6 and 46·2 mm. The increased growth rate for patients with PAI-1 5G5G genotype was not statistically significant (P = 0·061), although these patients had the lowest plasma PAI-1 concentrations (P = 0·018).

Conclusion
There was no evidence that any specific MMP polymorphism had a clinically significant effect on AAA expansion. The plasminogen system may have a small but clinically significant role in AAA development. Much larger studies would be needed to evaluate genes of smaller effect.