bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metamorphic evolution of high-pressure and ultrahigh-temperature granulites from the Alxa Block, North China Craton: Implications for the collision and exhumation of Paleoproterozoic orogenic belts
Authors: Zou Lei , Guo Jing-Hui , Zhang Li-Fei , Huang Guang-Yu , Jiao Shu-Juan , Tian Zhong-Hua , Liu Ping-Hua 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
High-pressure (HP) and ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) granulites with a high geothermal gradient (greater than 500 °C/GPa) are prominent features of Paleoproterozoic orogenic belts and may represent paired metamorphic belts present during the early stages of plate tectonics. Understanding their pressure–temperature–time (P-T-t) paths and metamorphic evolutionary relationships could provide valuable constraints on the tectonic processes of Paleoproterozoic orogenic belts. Here, we describe garnet mafic and clinopyroxene-orthopyroxene (Cpx-Opx) granulites from the Diebusige area of the Alxa Block in the western part of the Khondalite Belt, North China Craton. Through detailed petrographic, phase equilibrium modeling, and Ti-in-amphibole thermometric studies, we obtained the preserved peak mineral assemblages of two types of mafic granulites: garnet + clinopyroxene + amphibole + plagioclase + quartz + ilmenite, and clinopyroxene + orthopyroxene + plagioclase + amphibole + garnet (rare) + ilmenite. The preserved peak P-T conditions were determined to be 850–890 °C/11.4–13.2 kbar (HP granulite-facies) and 950–970 °C/8.2–9.2 kbar (UHT conditions), with thermal gradients of ~70 °C/kbar (moderate differential temperature/differential pressure, dT/dP) and ~110 °C/kbar (high dT/dP), respectively. Using sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe U-Pb dating and rare earth element analysis of zircons, we found that the garnet mafic granulite recorded an HP granulite-facies metamorphic age of ca. 1.95 Ga and a retrograde cooling age of ca. 1.8 Ga, while the Cpx-Opx granulite recorded a consistent retrograde cooling age of ca. 1.8 Ga. By combining these results with the metamorphic evolution and timing (ca. 1.92–1.91 Ga) of UHT rocks from the Khondalite Belt, we suggest that the garnet (HP) mafic and Cpx-Opx (UHT) granulites may represent different stages of the same metamorphic event, shedding light on the processes involved in the collision and subsequent exhumation of Paleoproterozoic orogenic belts.
Randomised crossover study on pulse oximeter readings from different sensors in very preterm infants
Authors: Maiwald Christian Achim , Schwarz Christoph E , Böckmann Katrin , Springer Laila , Poets Christian F , Franz Axel 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveIn extremely preterm infants, different target ranges for pulse oximeter saturation (SpO2) may affect mortality and morbidity. Thus, the impact of technical changes potentially affecting measurements should be assessed. We studied SpO2readings from different sensors for systematic deviations.DesignSingle-centre, randomised, triple crossover study.SettingTertiary neonatal intensive care unit.Patients24 infants, born at <32 weeks’ gestation, with current weight <1500 g and without right-to-left shunt via a patent ductus arteriosus.InterventionsSimultaneous readings from three SpO2sensors (Red Diamond (RD), Photoplethysmography (PPG), Low Noise Cabled Sensors (LNCS)) were logged at 0.5 Hz over 6 hour/infant and compared with LNCS as control using analysis of variance. Sensor position was randomly allocated and rotated every 2 hours. Seven different batches each were used.OutcomesPrimary outcome was the difference in SpO2readings. Secondary outcomes were differences between sensors in the proportion of time within the SpO2-target range (90–95 (100)%).ResultsMean gestational age at birth (±SD) was 274/7(±23/7) weeks, postnatal age 20 (±20) days. 134 hours of recording were analysed. Mean SpO2(±SD) was 94.0% (±3.8; LNCS) versus 92.2% (±4.0; RD; p<0.0001) and 94.5% (±3.9; PPG; p<0.0001), respectively. Mean SpO2difference (95% CI) was −1.8% (−1.9 to −1.8; RD) and 0.5% (0.4 to 0.5; PPG). Proportion of time in target was significantly lower with RD sensors (84.8% vs 91.7%; p=0.0001) and similar with PPG sensors (91.1% vs 91.7%; p=0.63).ConclusionThere were systematic differences in SpO2readings between RD sensors versus LNCS. These findings may impact mortality and morbidity of preterm infants, particularly when aiming for higher SpO2-target ranges (eg, 90–95%).Trial registration numberDRKS00027285.
Common Healthcare Related Instruments Subjected To Magnetic Attraction Study (CHRISTMAS): prospective in situ experimental study
Authors: Ong Shao J , Chia Koon Liang , See Teik Choon , Graves Martin , Hoon Desmond , Hang Joanne , Teo Lycia , Su Peijing , Hallinan James T P D , Ong Michael , Ang Bertrand , Quek Swee Tian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the behaviour of common healthcare related objects in a 3 tesla (T) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scanner, examining their ability to self-propel towards the scanner bore and their potential for tissue penetration.

Design
Prospective in situ experimental study.

Setting
Clinical 3 T MRI scanner. Customised rig designed and built to guide objects towards the scanner bore.

Participants
12 categories of objects commonly found in hospitals, or on patients or healthcare professionals, or near an MRI scanning room. Human tissue penetration simulated with ballistic gel (Federal Bureau of Investigation and North Atlantic Treaty Organisation graded).

Main outcome measures
SANTA (site where applied newtonian mechanics triggers acceleration) measurements and depth of tissue penetration of the objects.

Results

SANTA measurements ranged from 0 cm for the 20 pence, 50 pence, and £2 coins to 152-161 cm for a knife and the biscuit tins. One penny, two pence, five pence, and 10 pence coins showed self-propulsion and acceleration towards the scanner bore at a distance >100 cm from the gantry entry point. Linear regression analysis showed no apparent correlation between the weight of the objects and their SANTA measurements (R
2
<0.1). Only five objects penetrated the ballistic gel (simulated human tissue). The deepest penetration was by the knife (5.5 cm), closely followed by the teaspoon (5.0 cm), fork (4.0 cm), spoon (3.5 cm), and a 10 pence coin (0.5 cm). Although the biscuit tins did not penetrate the simulated human tissue, they exerted substantial impact force which could potentially cause bone fractures. A smartphone, digital thermometer, metallic credit card, and pen torch remained fully functional after several passes into the MRI scanner. No discernible loss of image quality for the MRI scanner after the experiments was found.

Conclusions
The study highlights the potential for harm (major tissue damage and bone fractures) when commonly found objects in a healthcare setting are unintentionally brought into the MRI scanner room. Patients and healthcare professionals need to be aware of the dangers associated with bringing ferromagnetic objects into the MRI environment.
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: interdisciplinary creative art practice and nature connections
Authors: Baker Catherine , Morris Nina , Tsirikos Athanasios , Fotakopoulou Olga , Parrott Flora 
Published: December 2023

Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine with the large majority of cases classed as idiopathic, meaning there is no known cause. Typically, most cases occur in children and young people affecting approximately three per cent of the adult populace with five out of six cases being female. TheBackBone: Interdisciplinary Creative Practices and Body Positive Resiliencepilot research study used arts and humanities methods to measure the impact of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) on well-being and body perception. The research aimed to contribute to a better understanding of alternative treatments towards improving quality of life in young women diagnosed with AIS. In particular, concentrating on two highlighted priorities from the Scoliosis Priority Setting Partnership: (1) How is quality of life affected by scoliosis and its treatment? How can we measure this in ways that are meaningful to patients? (2) How are the psychological impacts (including on body image) of diagnosis and treatment best managed.Using established medical techniques, art-based workshops, and focus groups with postoperative participants with AIS and their families we gathered both quantitative and qualitative data. The workshops explored the aesthetics of imperfection through material investigations that focus on the body as both an object and how it is experienced using the metaphor of tree images. Drawing parallels between the growth patterns of trees that, for complex and often unknown reasons, have grown unexpectedly we explored questions around ideological notions of perfect growth through art-making in a non-clinical setting. Uniquely, the pilot project sought to draw on insights from four key disciplines (art, medicine, psychology and human geography), thinking across boundaries to evoke different ways of knowing and understanding the complexities of body perception through image-making.
Influence of antithrombotic medication on size and neurological outcome of spinal epidural hematoma after neuraxial anesthesia: a systematic review
Authors: Schieber Mirjam Ruth , Schubert Ann-Kristin , Hubner Wakiko , Volk Thomas 
Published: December 2023

Introduction
Anticoagulation guidelines were developed to reduce the potential risk of epidural bleeding following neuraxial anesthesia. However, the influence of antithrombotic medication on size of spinal epidural hematoma and neurological outcome is unclear. Therefore, our aim was to analyze whether there is a correlation.

Methods
The study was registered at Prospero (CRD42021285833). A systematic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science and Google Scholar was conducted in August 2023 for studies reporting spinal epidural hematoma following neuraxial anesthesia. Primary endpoints were segmental extension and neurological outcome. Secondary endpoints were age, sex, body mass index, predisposition, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, complicated puncture, multiple punctures, bloody puncture, successful puncture, catheter usage, needle size and worst neurological deficit before treatment. Prespecified multivariate regression and propensity score matching was performed. Publications reporting on more than one patient were critically appraised.

Results
A total of 345 cases reported in 304 publications were included. Size of hematoma was not significantly different (antithrombotic medication: OR 0.11, 95% CI (−0.67 to 0.89), p=0.78, ‘non-guideline adherent’ for puncture/removal: OR 0.13, 95% CI (−0.92 to 1.18), p=0.81). Patients receiving antithrombotic medication were more likely to have persistent neurological deficit (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.24 to 3.23), p<0.01). Significance persisted after propensity score matching (p=0.04). Patients with non-guideline adherence had a 3.42 higher chance of persistent neurological deficit (95% CI 1.71 to 6.86, p<0.001).

Discussion
Antithrombotic medication is not significantly associated with hematoma size; however, the use of antithrombotic medication doubled the risk for persistent neurological deficit after spinal epidural hematoma.
Low-load blood flow restriction strength training in patients with COPD: a randomised single-blind pilot study
Authors: Kohlbrenner Dario , Kuhn Manuel , Manettas Anastasios , Aregger Céline , Peterer Matthias , Greco Nicola , Sievi Noriane A , Clarenbach Christian 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of lower limb low-load blood flow restriction training (LL-BFRT) with high-load strength training (HL-ST) as part of an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programme on leg strength in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MethodsParticipants were randomised to LL-BFRT or HL-ST (24 sessions). LL-BFRT was done at 30% 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) with 70% arterial occlusion pressure. HL-ST was done at 70% 1-RM. Primary outcome was isometric strength of knee extensors and flexors. Secondary outcomes were 1-RM, functional exercise capacity, physical activity, symptom burden and health-related quality of life. Perceptions of dyspnoea and leg fatigue were recorded after every exercise. We compared groups with t-tests.ResultsWe included 30 participants (13 women, 17 men, 64 (9) years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s 47 (18)% pred.), 24 completed the study. Isometric knee extensor strength improved to a clinically relevant degree in both legs in both groups (LL-BFRT: right leg 9 (20) Nm, left leg 10 (18) Nm; HL-ST: right leg 15 (26) Nm, left leg 16 (30) Nm, data are mean (SD)), without statistically significant or clinically relevant between-group differences (right leg mean difference= −6.4, 95% CI= −13.20 to 25.92 Nm, left leg mean difference= −5.6, 95% CI= −15.44 to 26.55 Nm). 1 min sit-to-stand test performance improved to a clinically relevant degree only in the LL-BFRT group (4 (4) vs 1 (5) repetitions). Interestingly, physical activity improved to a clinically relevant degree only in the LL-BFRT group (1506 (2441) vs −182 (1971) steps/day). LL-BFRT lowered perceived in-exercise dyspnoea and increased leg fatigue compared with HL-ST in the initial 12 trainings.ConclusionIn patients with stable COPD undergoing outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation, LL-BFRT was not superior to HL-ST in improving leg strength. LL-BFRT led to similar strength gains as HL-ST while reducing perceptions of dyspnoea in the initial training phase.Trial registration numberNCT04151771.
The occurrence of cytokinins and their biosynthesis pathways in epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells
Authors: Schincaglia Angela , Seegobin Mark , Brunetti Craig R , Emery Neil R.J. 
Published: December 2023

Cytokinins (CKs) are small signaling molecules present in all kingdoms of life; however, their biological relevance outside of plants is poorly characterized. CK detection across kingdoms has been shown to be inconsistent and is often organism or cell line dependent. To ensure optimal detection in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC), a cold-blooded vertebrate cell line, a range of biomasses were evaluated. CKs were extracted by solid-phase extraction and then detected using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The objectives were to establish endogenous CK profiles and characterize their biosynthesis in EPC cells. Among the 14 CKs that were scanned for, only 4 forms were detected overall within the samples analyzed, including, N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl) adenine-9-riboside (iPR), N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl) adenine-9-riboside-5′ (mono/di/tri)phosphate (iPNT), and cis-zeatin-9-riboside-5′ (mono/di/tri)phosphate ( cZNT) and 2‐methylthio‐zeatin (2MeSZ). The total CK concentrations ranged from 0.03 pmol/g to 681.025 pmol/gfwt. The results from this study provided evidence that EPC cells can produce and process CKs.
Fundamental Writing Tips and Techniques
Authors: Yaffe Philip 
Published: December 2023

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
The principles of good writing are universal; they apply in all languages. However, different languages have different ways of expressing things. For example, English has a predilection toward using the gerund form, erg, "Running is good for health" rather than the infinitive "To run is good for health." By contrast, other languages, such as French, prefer the infinitive and would view the gerund as unnatural, and therefore distracting. However, in whatever language you write, such differences will always be secondary to the fundamental principles and techniques.
N-Acetyl Cysteine Prevents Arterial Thrombosis in a Dose-Dependent Manner In Vitro and in Mice
Authors: Bresette Christopher A. , Ashworth Katrina J. , Di Paola Jorge , Ku David N. 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
Platelet-rich thrombi occlude arteries causing fatal infarcts like heart attacks and strokes. Prevention of thrombi by current antiplatelet agents can cause major bleeding. Instead, we propose using N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) to act against the protein VWF (von Willebrand factor), and not platelets, to prevent arterial thrombi from forming.

METHODS:
NAC was assessed for its ability to prevent arterial thrombosis by measuring platelet accumulation rate and occlusion time using a microfluidic model of arterial thrombosis with human blood. Acute clot formation, clot stability, and tail bleeding were measured in vivo with the murine modified Folts model. The effect of NAC in the murine model after 6 hours was also measured to determine any persistent effects of NAC after it has been cleared from the blood.

RESULTS:

We demonstrate reduction of thrombi formation following treatment with NAC in vitro and in vivo. Human whole blood treated with 3 or 5 mmol/L NAC showed delayed thrombus formation 2.0× and 3.7× longer than control, respectively (
P
<0.001). Blood treated with 10 mmol/L NAC did not form an occlusive clot, and no macroscopic platelet aggregation was visible (
P
<0.001). In vivo, a 400-mg/kg dose of NAC prevented occlusive clots from forming in mice without significantly affecting tail bleeding times. A lower dose of NAC significantly reduced clot stability. Mice given multiple injections showed that NAC has a lasting and cumulative effect on clot stability, even after being cleared from the blood (
P
<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Both preclinical models demonstrate that NAC prevents thrombus formation in a dose-dependent manner without significantly affecting bleeding time. This work highlights a new pathway for preventing arterial thrombosis, different from antiplatelet agents, using an amino acid derivative as an antithrombotic therapeutic.
Requirement of Site-Specific Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Cortactin in Retinal Neovascularization and Vascular Leakage
Authors: Kumar Raj , Rottner Klemens , Rao Gadiparthi N. 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
Retinal neovascularization is a major cause of vision impairment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanisms by which hypoxia triggers the development of abnormal and leaky blood vessels.

METHODS:
A variety of cellular and molecular approaches as well as tissue-specific knockout mice were used to investigate the role of Cttn (cortactin) in retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage.

RESULTS:
We found that VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A) stimulates Cttn phosphorylation at Y421, Y453, and Y470 residues in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. In addition, we observed that while blockade of Cttn phosphorylation at Y470 inhibited VEGFA-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cell angiogenic events, suppression of Y421 phosphorylation protected endothelial barrier integrity from disruption by VEGFA. In line with these observations, while blockade of Cttn phosphorylation at Y470 negated oxygen-induced retinopathy–induced retinal neovascularization, interference with Y421 phosphorylation prevented VEGFA/oxygen-induced retinopathy–induced vascular leakage. Mechanistically, while phosphorylation at Y470 was required for its interaction with Arp2/3 and CDC6 facilitating actin polymerization and DNA synthesis, respectively, Cttn phosphorylation at Y421 leads to its dissociation from VE-cadherin, resulting in adherens junction disruption. Furthermore, whereas Cttn phosphorylation at Y470 residue was dependent on Lyn, its phosphorylation at Y421 residue required Syk activation. Accordingly, lentivirus-mediated expression of shRNA targeting Lyn or Syk levels inhibited oxygen-induced retinopathy–induced retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
The above observations show for the first time that phosphorylation of Cttn is involved in a site-specific manner in the regulation of retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage. In view of these findings, Cttn could be a novel target for the development of therapeutics against vascular diseases such as retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage.
Colchicine to Prevent Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After Catheter Ablation: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Benz Alexander P. , Amit Guy , Connolly Stuart J. , Singh Jasrita , Acosta-Vélez Juan G. , Conen David , Deif Bishoy , Divakaramenon Syamkumar , McIntyre William F. , Mtwesi Viwe , Roberts Jason D. , Wong Jorge A. , Zhao Robin , Healey Jeff S. ,   for the IMPROVE-PVI Investigators
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
Inflammation may promote atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after catheter ablation. This study aimed to evaluate a short-term anti-inflammatory treatment with colchicine following ablation of AF.

METHODS:
Patients scheduled for ablation were randomized to receive colchicine 0.6 mg twice daily or placebo for 10 days. The first dose of the study drug was administered within 4 hours before ablation. Atrial arrhythmia recurrence was defined as AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia >30 s on two 14-day Holters performed immediately and at 3 months following ablation.

RESULTS:

The modified intention-to-treat population included 199 patients (median age, 61 years; 22% female; 70% first procedure) who underwent radiofrequency (79%) or cryoballoon ablation (21%) of AF. Antiarrhythmic drugs were prescribed at discharge in 149 (75%) patients. Colchicine did not prevent atrial arrhythmia recurrence at 2 weeks (31% versus 32%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.98 [95% CI, 0.59–1.61];
P
=0.92) or at 3 months following ablation (14% versus 15%; HR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.45–2.02];
P
=0.89). Postablation chest pain consistent with pericarditis was reduced with colchicine (4% versus 15%; HR, 0.26 [95% CI, 0.09–0.77];
P
=0.02) and colchicine increased diarrhea (26% versus 7%; HR, 4.74 [95% CI, 1.95–11.53];
P
<0.001). During a median follow-up of 1.3 years, colchicine did not reduce a composite of emergency department visit, cardiovascular hospitalization, cardioversion, or repeat ablation (29 versus 25 per 100 patient-years; HR, 1.18 [95% CI, 0.69–1.99];
P
=0.55).

CONCLUSIONS:
Colchicine administered for 10 days following catheter ablation did not reduce atrial arrhythmia recurrence or AF-associated clinical events, but did reduce postablation chest pain and increase diarrhea.
The Limitations and Ethical Considerations of ChatGPT
Authors: Hua Shangying , Jin Shuangci , Jiang Shengyi 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
With the advancements of artificial intelligence technology, ChatGPT, a new practice of artificial intelligence, holds immense potential across multiple fields. Its user-friendly human-machine interface, rapid response capabilities, and delivery of high-quality answers have attracted considerable attention and widespread usage. Regarded by many as a groundbreaking advancement in AI, ChatGPT represents a new milestone in the field. However, as with any technological evolution, the emergence of ChatGPT brings not only benefits, but also inevitable security risks and ethical issues. This paper provides specific information about ChatGPT, including its technology, limitations, ethical issues, governance paths and future directions. Specifically, we firstly offered a thorough exploration of the technical implementation details of GPT series models. Next, we provided an intricate analysis elucidating the reasons for limitations and scrutinized the consequential impacts, such as malicious misuse, privacy violation, and so on. Finally, we explore diverse governance paths to mitigate the impacts of ChatGPT and present future directions. This review aims to equip users with crucial knowledge, facilitating well-informed decision-making, effectively handling of potential challenges in employing ChatGPT, and staying abreast with the rapidly evolving landscape of this technology.