bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelvic remodelling after the Chiari osteotomy
Authors: Macnicol M. F. , Lo H. K. , Yong K. F. 
Published: July 2004

Survivorship analysis of 215 medial displacement pelvic osteotomies undertaken for symptomatic, incongruent dysplasia of the hip since 1966 showed that four of every five hips had not required conversion to a total hip arthroplasty. The radiological characteristics of 86 osteotomies were evaluated at a mean of 18 years (5 to 30) after surgery which was performed at the age of 15.9 ± 9.5 years. Revision was significantly (p < 0.05) more likely in those patients operated on after the age of 25 years. The centre-edge (CE) angle increased from 2.5 ± 13.9° before to 41.8 ± 15.0° immediately after operation. The increase in CE angle was maintained at later review (38.5 ± 16.5°). Even with severe dysplasia with a CE angle less than zero a substantial improvement in the cover of the femoral head was achieved, usually by medial shift of the lower pelvic fragment. However, the head was not invariably medialised by the osteotomy and lateral movement of the ilium was noted when the position of the joint was relatively medial before operation or when the hip was arthritic. In the longer term pelvic remodelling did not reverse the medialisation produced by the osteotomy, and the cover of the femoral head was maintained.
The posteromedial corner revisited
Authors: Robinson J. R. , Sanchez-Ballester J. , Bull A. M. J. , Thomas R. de W. M. , Amis A. A. 
Published: July 2004

We have reviewed the literature on the anatomy of the posteromedial peripheral ligamentous structures of the knee and found differing descriptions. Our aim was to clarify the differing descriptions with a simplified interpretation of the anatomy and its contribution to the stability of the knee. We dissected 20 fresh-frozen cadaver knees and the anatomy was recorded using video and still digital photography. The anatomy was described by dividing the medial collateral ligament (MCL) complex into thirds, from anterior to posterior and into superficial and deep layers. The main passive restraining structures of the posteromedial aspect of the knee were found to be superficial MCL (parallel, longitudinal fibres), the deep MCL and the posteromedial capsule (PMC). In the posterior third, the superficial and deep layers blend. Although there are oblique fibres (capsular condensations) running posterodistally from femur to tibia, no discrete ligament was seen. In extension, the PMC appears to be an important functional unit in restraining tibial internal rotation and valgus. Our aim was to clarify and possibly simplify the anatomy of the posteromedial structures. The information would serve as the basis for future biomechanical studies to investigate the contribution of the posteromedial structures to joint stability.
Infection after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Blom A. W. , Brown J. , Taylor A. H. , Pattison G. , Whitehouse S. , Bannister G. C. 
Published: July 2004

The aim of our study was to determine the current incidence and outcome of infected total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in our unit comparing them with our earlier audit in 1986, which had revealed infection rates of 4.4% after 471 primary TKAs and 15% after 23 revision TKAs at a mean follow-up of 2.8 years. In the interim we introduced stringent antibiotic prophylaxis, and the routine use of occlusive clothing within vertical laminar flow theatres and 0.05% chlorhexidine lavage during arthroplasty surgery. We followed up 931 primary TKAs and 69 revision TKAs for a mean of 6.5 years (5 to 8). Patients were traced by postal questionnaire, telephone interview or examination of case notes of the deceased. Nine (1%) of the patients who underwent primary TKA, and four (5.8%) of those who underwent revision TKA developed deep infection. Two of nine patients (22.2%) who developed infection after primary TKA were successfully treated without further surgery. All four of the patients who had infection after revision TKA had a poor outcome with one amputation, one chronic discharging sinus and two arthrodeses. Patients who underwent an arthrodesis had comparable Oxford knee scores to those who underwent a two-stage revision. Although infection rates have declined with the introduction of prophylactic measures, and more patients are undergoing TKA, the outcome of infected TKA has improved very little.
Case Studies of Action Research in Various Adult Education Settings
Authors: Kuhne Gary W. , Weirauch Drucie , Fetterman David J. , Mearns Raiana M. , Kalinosky Kathy , Cegles Kathleen A. , Ritchey Linda 
Published: July 2004

AbstractExamples of action research in six different adult education settings—a museum, a church, a prison, a homeless shelter, a university, and a hospital— are presented by adult education practitioners.
Process Stability in Serial Production of Aluminium Foam Panels and 3D Parts
Authors: Schäffler P. , Rajner W. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPowder Metallurgy (PM) technology is emerging as one of the most promising techniques for the manufacture of net shape components and panels of aluminium foam. Control of the stability of the aluminium foaming process is one of the key issues in a serial production. Since there are many different parameters to be controlled in the raw material, the precursor and the finished foam part, the best solution is to keep all these factors in one centre of competence to exclude external influences and transporting problems. The latest material for the foaming tools plays also a decisive role concerning a high surface quality and a constant heat generation within the foam. New developments such as a precursor testing equipment or a foaming optimized furnace construction guarantees constant production conditions to be equipped for a more and more demanding market.
CVD Technique for Inco Nickel Foam Production
Authors: Paserin V. , Marcuson S. , Shu J. , Wilkinson D.S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn this paper, the capability of the CVD technique to produce uniform foams of different properties, with cell size ranging from ∼ 450 to ∼ 3200 μm, porosity from ∼ 70 to ∼ 98 %, and nominal thickness up to 3 mm is presented. In addition to the established application as a battery electrode material, some other potential capabilities and applications are explored.
Real‐time X‐ray Radioscopy on Metallic Foams Using a Compact Micro‐Focus Source
Authors: García Moreno F. , Fromme M. , Banhart J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA measurement apparatus for observing the foaming of metals is described. It consists of a microfocus X‐ray source, a small heater and a panel detector. The foaming of samples can be recorded in real‐time with frequencies up to 9 Hz and resolutions down to 5 μm due to the small spot size. Magnifications up to 10x are obtained by simply changing the distance between source, sample and detector. Foaming of Al alloys and sandwiches was investigated applying different final foaming temperatures, heating rates and blowing agent pre‐treatments. An image analysis program was developed to automatically recognise the foam expansion.
The Role of Oxidation in Blowing Particle‐Stabilised Aluminium Foams
Authors: Babcsán N. , Leitlmeier D. , Degischer H.P. , Banhart J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractMetal foams were produced by blowing gas into aluminium alloy melts. The effect of oxygen content of the blowing gas on composition and structure of the inner surface of the foam cells is studied by varying gas composition from argon, nitrogen and air to pure oxygen. Scanning Electron Microscopy, Auger Electron Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy are used to analyse the surfaces. Initially particle‐free melts are pre‐treated by bubbling air through them after which a certain degree of foam stability is achieved. The oxidation products are characterised by microscopy on such foams.
Structure and Mechanical Properties of AFS Sandwiches Studied by in‐situ Compression Tests in X‐ray Microtomography
Authors: Salvo L. , Belestin P. , Maire E. , Jacquesson M. , Vecchionacci C. , Boller E. , Bornert M. , Doumalin P. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAl foam core / Al alloy skins sandwiches have potential for application in light weight structures. Recently, the foaming processes have improved and large, thick and 3D‐shape panels can be produced using the precursor technology. The microstructure of an AFS sandwich is analysed in this paper at a microscale and a mesoscale using X‐ray tomography and conventional SEM analysis. The main deformation mechanism of the core under compression is also studied thanks to in situ test. It is shown that the foam first present plastic buckling and then walls rupture. This is well correlated to the microstructure of the constitutive material of the core.
The Collapse Response of Sandwich Beams with Aluminium Face Sheets and a Metal Foam Core
Authors: Tagarielli V.L. , Fleck N.A. , Deshpande V.S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPlastic collapse modes of simply supported and clamped sandwich beams have been investigated experimentally and theoretically, for aluminium face sheets and Alporas foam core. The effect of clamped boundary conditions is to induce axial stretching after the initial yield mechanism. Hence, face sheet ductility dictates the level of energy absorption of the beam. Numerical and analytical predictions are validated by the available experimental evidence.
Tensile Behaviour of Replicated Aluminium Foams
Authors: Despois J.‐F. , Conde Y. , San Marchi C. , Mortensen A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe replication process is used to produce open‐cell 99.99 % pure aluminium foams of controlled pore diameter and solid volume fraction; each parameter is varied respectively from 40 to 400 μm and 10 to 30 vol. pct. The foam tensile behaviour is consistent with the small‐strain compressive behaviour and shows a significant dependence on pore size.
Intermolecular interaction studies of winter flounder antifreeze protein reveal the existence of thermally accessible binding state
Authors: Nguyen Dat H. , Colvin Michael E. , Yeh Yin , Feeney Robert E. , Fink William H. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe physical nature underlying intermolecular interactions between two rod‐like winter flounder antifreeze protein (AFP) molecules and their implication for the mechanism of antifreeze function are examined in this work using molecular dynamics simulations, augmented with free energy calculations employing a continuum solvation model. The energetics for different modes of interactions of two AFP molecules is examined in both vacuum and aqueous phases along with the water distribution in the region encapsulated by two antiparallel AFP backbones. The results show that in a vacuum two AFP molecules intrinsically attract each other in the antiparallel fashion, where their complementary charge side chains face each other directly. In the aqueous environment, this attraction is counteracted by both screening and entropic effects. Therefore, two nearly energetically degenerate states, an aggregated state and a dissociated state, result as a new aspect of intermolecular interaction in the paradigm for the mechanism of action of AFP. The relevance of these findings to the mechanism of function of freezing inhibition in the context of our work on Antarctic cod antifreeze glycoprotein (Nguyen et al., Biophysical Journal, 2002, Vol. 82, pp. 2892–2905) is discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
Evolutionary Biology and Chemical Geology: A Timely Marriage
Authors: Cintas Pedro 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor more than 150 years natural selection has been perceived to be the overwhelming force in evolution. Only in recent decades have we obtained new insights into environmental and physicochemical factors that participate with selection in a synergic way. Far from denying Darwin's theory, such neglected factors put order to the bewildering range of genotypes and morphologies found in living organisms and, more importantly, they place evolution in a planetary context where biology, geology, and chemistry can easily be integrated.
Cytosine Detection by a Fluorescein‐Labeled Probe Containing Base‐Discriminating Fluorescent Nucleobase
Authors: Okamoto Akimitsu , Tanaka Kazuo , Fukuta Tetsuo , Saito Isao 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe report on a new method for the detection of a base at a specific site in a DNA sequence by monitoring the fluorescence emission of fluorescein. To achieve this goal, we developed a new base‐discriminating fluorescent (BDF) nucleobase, naphthodeazaadenine (NDA). The fluorescence spectrum of the duplex possessing a cytosine base as a complementary base of NDA showed a fluorescence peak at 383 nm when using an excitation wavelength of 350 nm. When the complementary base of NDA was one of the other bases, the fluorescence intensity was very low. The fluorescence emission spectrum of NDA overlapped with the fluorescence excitation spectrum of fluorescein in the wavelength range of 400–500 nm. Thus, we designed FRET‐BDF probes containing NDA as the FRET donor and fluorescein as the acceptor. The interaction of these two fluorophores, which are separated by defined base pairs, allowed an efficient energy transfer that resulted in a dominant fluorescence emission of fluorescein at 520 nm when using an excitation wavelength of 350 nm. Fluorescence emission from FRET‐BDF probes was observed only when the complementary base of NDA is C, thus achieving a clear distinction of a C base on the complementary DNA strand. However, the general utility of our method is limited due to the quenching of the NDA fluorescence by a G/C base pair flanking NDA.
Cotranslational Incorporation of a Structurally Diverse Series of Proline Analogues in an Escherichia coli Expression System
Authors: Kim Wookhyun , George Anna , Evans Melissa , Conticello Vincent P. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA set of Escherichia coli expression strains have been defined that are competent for the incorporation of a structurally diverse series of proline analogues under culture conditions that are compatible with high levels of analogue substitution within a proline‐rich protein substrate. These bacterial strains have been employed to assay the efficacy of incorporation of noncanonical amino acids into a recombinant‐protein test substrate and to create variant polypeptides in which native protein sequences have been globally substituted with imino acid analogues in response to proline codons. We envision that these methods may be used to interrogate the effect of imino acid substitution on protein structure and function and may be particularly informative in the context of structural comparison of a series of modified proteins with respect to the stereoelectronic differences between the incorporated proline analogues.
Structured Versus Laissez‐Faire Open Access: Implementation of a Proactive Strategy
Authors: Fonte Richard 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis chapter describes an interventionist system implemented by a large suburban community college to respond to underprepared students. Rather than ignoring the problems of underprepared students
and relegating them to second–class status, the college worked at connecting and supporting all students equally to demonstrate that intrusive and interventionist policies need not be punitive.
Community College/High School Feedback and Collaboration: Preventive Measures
Authors: Richey Deborah K. , Mathern Jeanette , O'Shea Carol S. , Pierce Shelby J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis chapter describes a successful collaboration between high school and community college faculty to reduce the need for remediation in the writing of entering community college students. After participating in Ohio's Early English Composition Assessment Program, which addresses access and preparation of students for college, the authors describe the model they used that led to three years of successful collaboration, outline future efforts, and make recommendations.
Using Technology to Transform the College
Authors: Ehrmann Stephen C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractMany institutions are searching for a unifying vision to guide their investments to support teaching and learning technology. Some hear the insistent calls for innovations that foster“distance learning” and “learning anytime, anywhere for anyone” and wonder if their campuses even have a future. This chapter presents a conceptual model for integrating technology, both high and low, in a way that
supports a transformation of teaching and learning.
Learner‐Centered Strategy for Investments in Technology in Community Colleges
Authors: Bleed Ronald D. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis chapter proposes a practical approach to determining where
investments in technology should be made. Research shows that nearly
50 percent of community college students enroll in only the top twentyfive
courses. These courses are the target for increasing access and
flexibility and for reducing costs—for getting the “biggest bang for the
buck.”
Measurable Outcomes of Workforce Development and the Economic Impact of Attending a North Carolina Community College
Authors: Gracie Larry W. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn the early 1990s, attention focused on the role of the North Carolina community college system in workforce development. Efforts were put forth to establish and develop measurable outcomes of successful
workforce training, particularly employment rates, median salary of program completers, and completers' satisfaction with programs and colleges. This chapter presents the latest findings regarding state efforts in economic development and the contributions of community colleges.
Institutional Level Implementation: Translating Research into Current Practice
Authors: Carvell Fred , Graham Martha , Piland William E. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor half a decade, Southwestern College has attempted to assess its economic impact on its service area in terms of college employment and the expenditures it makes. Thanks to a new statewide information system, the college now incorporates the post‐college earnings of its students as part of a larger picture of economic benefits for the community and its students. This chapter describes how state wage data are converted for local use in college planning, program improvement, and measurement of institutional effectiveness.
When a Crisis Occurs: A Trustee's Perspective
Authors: Kenney Phyllis Gutierrez 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIncreasingly, when a college faces a crisis it must also face the glare of public scrutiny. Poor leadership during a crisis can be devastating and can cause major changes in day–to–day operations. For the president and the governing board team to function effectively during a time of crisis, the key is planning and management.
A model of knowledge activation and insight in problem solving
Authors: Cronin Matthew A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis article presents a model of insight that offers predictions on how and when insights are likely to occur as an individual solves problems. This model is based on a fundamental trade‐off between the conscious cognition that underlies how people decide among alternatives and the unconscious cognition that underlies insight. I argue that the attention controls how much thought (i.e., knowledge activation) goes to conscious cognition, and whatever activation is left over will go to finding an insight. I validate this model by replicating the common pattern of insight in problem solving (preparation—impasse—incubation—verification). The model implies that 1) one should be able to increase the frequency of insight by lessening the demand for conscious cognition, 2) impasse is not necessary for insight, and 3) incubation time increases if a person engages in any activity with a high demand on attention. Understanding how insight occurs during problem solving provides practical suggestions to make people and groups more creative and innovative; it also provides avenues for future research on the cognitive dynamics of insight. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 9: 17–24, 2004
Examining risk attitudes
Authors: Bergman Margo 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe existence of risky choices makes the study of attitudes toward risk important. In this article we ask the following questions: Do risk‐neutral preferences maximize utility? Are there other measures of social welfare that can explain risk aversion in society? What effect does evolution have on the distribution of risk attitudes and the measures of social welfare? In a static environment risk‐neutral risk attitudes maximize utilitarian measures of social welfare, and risk‐averse attitudes maximize Rawlsian measures. In a dynamic system agents will tend toward risk, preferring greater affinity for risk when they can accumulate wealth. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 9: 25–30, 2004
Communication and coordination
Authors: Miller John H. , Moser Scott 
Published: July 2004

AbstractRemarkable levels of coordination are observed among social agents; yet the exact mechanisms by which such agents coordinate are not well understood. Here we examine the role of communication in achieving coordination—in particular, does endowing agents with the ability to communicate lead to more favorable outcomes? To pursue this question we use an adaptive model of strategically communicating agents (Miller et al. J Econ Behav Organ 2002, 47, 179–195) playing the Stag Hunt game. We find that communication plays a key role in the ability of agents to reach and maintain superior coordination. In the absence of communication, agents tend to get trapped at the inferior coordination point. However, once agents reach a particular strategic threshold, sending even a priori meaningless messages serves to increase the likelihood that the population will coordinate on the superior outcome. Although the system spends the majority of its time with well‐coordinated behavior, it is not static—such periods are often punctuated by brief transitions in which the system switches to the alternative coordination point. We analyze the various mechanisms that account for this dynamic behavior and find that there are a few critical pathways by which the system transitions from one coordination point to another. Communication plays a critical, yet short‐lived, role in one key pathway. Our analysis suggests that giving agents the ability to communicate even a priori meaningless messages may promote the emergence of a rich, and often robust, “ecology” of behaviors that allows agents to achieve new, and in this case superior, outcomes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 9: 31–40, 2004
A model of fads, fashions, and group formation
Authors: Tassier Troy 
Published: July 2004

AbstractI develop a model of consumer behavior where agents purchase goods in order to signify personal characteristics. Agents purchase goods in order to imitate agents similar to them and agents they want to emulate. Depending on parameter values of consumer preferences the model generates stable groups, fads, and fashion cycles, or a mixture of both. The model is unique to the economic literature on fads in that the extinction of fads occurs endogenously in the model. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 9: 51–61, 2004