bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from uncomposted and composted Mexican devil (Ageratina adenophora) plants on forest fungal growth and soil nitrogen and phosphorus mobilization
Authors: Jiao Yujie , Huang Jianguo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMexican devil [Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob.], a globally invasive weed with destructive effects on forests, has spread to numerous countries. To elucidate the inhibition of tree growth by A. adenophora, a study was conducted using the fungi (Lactarius deliciosus, Ceriporia lacerata, and Fomitopsis palustris) involved in the recycling of carbon and nutrients in forests. The focus was on investigating soil nitrogen and phosphorus availability in response to aqueous extracts from uncomposted and aerobically composted A. adenophora (EUA and ECA, respectively). The samples of composted A. adenophora from different sites exhibited a significant reduction in the concentration of allelochemicals 4,7-dimethyl-1-(propan-2-ylidene)-1,4,4a,8a-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6(1H, 7H)-dione and 6-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-3,8-dimethyl-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-2(1H)-one. This reduction more than 94% when compared with the concentration of these allelochemicals in CA. The EUA solutions at 5 and 10 mg L−1 (oven-dried plant biomass base) minimized L. deliciosus and C. lacerata growth, and significantly decreased F. palustris growth on the soil surface and within the soil. However, soil with ECA had no effect or promoting effect on the fungal growth. Compared with CK (only fungal inoculation in tested soil), the EUA solution reduced soil nitrogen and phosphorus, while ECA had the opposite effect; soil pH was increased by 0.01 to 0.08 under EUA treatment, while it decreased by 0.5 to 0.41under ECA treatment. Nitrogen and phosphorus availability were positively correlated with protease and phosphatase activity (r = 0.723 to 0.944), while available phosphorus was inversely correlated with pH in tested soils (r = -(0.809 to 0.978)). As such, the EUA solution decreased soil nitrogen and phosphorus supplies by inhibiting the liberation of proteases, phosphatases, and protons, which may lead to poor growth or even mortality of three fungal species. The in situ aerobically composted A. adenophora residues left behind may directly supply fungal species with nutrients and indirectly increase soil nutrient availability via the promotion of nitrogen and phosphorus mobilization.
The Migration of the Erosion Center Downstream of the Three Gorges Dam, China, and the Role Played by Underlying Gravel Layer
Authors: Zheng Shan , An Chenge , Wang Hualin , Li Lingyun , Wang Fei , Hassan Marwan A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRivers disrupted by sediment cutoff often experience degradation, but the migration of the erosion center, defined as the location with the greatest degradation rates, has not been thoroughly understood. This paper focuses on the streamwise migration of the erosion center along the ∼400‐km‐long Yichang to Chenglingji reach (YCR) downstream of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), China. We analyzed channel morphological adjustment based on water, sediment and channel geometry data collected during 2002–2020. Based on the location and time for the occurrence of relatively large channel degradation, a clustering algorithm was used to identify the location of the erosion center. Characteristics and morphodynamic controls of the erosion centers were studied based on the migration of incisional and coarsening waves simulated by a one‐dimensional morphodynamic model for nonuniform sediment. Results show that the erosion center migrated downstream along the Yichang‐Zhicheng reach with gravel‐sand bed during 2002–2012, the migration rate was rapid after the dam closure then decreased with time. After ∼2012, large cascade dams started to operate along the upper Yangtze River, sediment load further decreased and degradation accelerated at the YCR. Correspondingly, the erosion center migrated to the sand‐bedded upper Jingjiang reach with faster rates. The erosion center migrated for a total of over 200 km with an average rate of ∼14 km/yr during 2002–2020. The underlying gravel layer was exposed due to degradation, which enhanced bed coarsening and resulted in the propagation of the erosion center downstream of the TGD.
Seasonal and Storm Event‐Based Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) Concentration in a Mediterranean Headwater Catchment
Authors: Senatore Alfonso , Corrente Giuseppina A. , Argento Eugenio L. , Castagna Jessica , Micieli Massimo , Mendicino Giuseppe , Beneduci Amerigo , Botter Gianluca 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the spatial and temporal dynamics of Dissolved Organic carbon (DOC) concentration in a Mediterranean headwater catchment (Turbolo River catchment, southern Italy) equipped with two multi‐parameter sondes providing more than two‐year (May 2019–November 2021) continuous high‐frequency measurements of several DOC‐related parameters. The sondes were installed in two nested sections, a quasi‐pristine upstream sub‐catchment and a downstream outlet with anthropogenic water quality disturbances. DOC estimates were achieved by correcting the fluorescent dissolved organic matter—fDOM—values through an original procedure not requiring extensive laboratory measurements. Then, DOC dynamics at the seasonal and storm event scales were analyzed. At the seasonal scale, results confirmed the climate control on DOC production, with increasing background concentrations in hot and dry summer months. The hydrological regulation proved crucial for DOC mobilization and export, with the top 10th percentile of discharge associated with up to 79% of the total DOC yield. The analysis at the storm scale using flushing and hysteresis indices highlighted substantial differences between the two catchments. In the steeper upstream catchment, the limited capability of preserving hydraulic connection over time with DOC sources determined the prevalence of transport as the limiting factor to DOC export. In the downstream catchment, transport‐ and source‐limited processes were observed almost equally. The correlation between the hysteretic behavior and antecedent precipitation was not linear since the process reverted to transport‐limited for high accumulated rainfall values. Exploiting high‐resolution measurements, the study provided insights into DOC export dynamics in nested headwater catchments at multiple time scales.
Interactions Between Lightning and Ship Traffic
Authors: Peterson Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIt is important to understand connections between society and the natural environment for anticipating hazards and anthropogenic effects on the Earth system. In this study, we conduct a detailed exploration of interactions between oceanic thunderstorms and maritime traffic. Shipping traffic produces aerosols that perturb the otherwise “clean” ocean environment. Prior work proposed these aerosol effects as the cause of increased lightning over certain shipping lanes. However, introducing tall grounded objects into a high electric field environment might also facilitate lightning discharges, as we see with upward lightning over land. We consider both possibilities. Our analyses of the thunderstorms responsible for enhanced lightning activity over the shipping lane with the clearest anthropogenic signal indicate that the enhancement results from an increased frequency of lightning‐producing storms. Observed variations in thunderstorm microphysics between the shipping lane and nearby oceans are small compared to natural factors such as the Indian monsoon, and are on the same scale as the local variability in the data. By contrast, matching lightning stroke data with ship transponder events in oceanic regions where public data are available reveals a strong signal from direct ship interactions. Lightning is 15× (66×) more likely to occur at a ship location compared to 2 km (25 km) away. These results highlight the central role of direct ship interactions in explaining lightning enhancements over shipping lanes. We also document the frequency of these direct lightning interactions across various categories of vessels and on individual ships present in the public data.
Pervasive Crustal Volcanic Mush in the Highly Stretched Sunda Plate Margin of Northern Sumatra
Authors: Feng Mingye , Wei Shengji , Chen Ling , Muksin Umar , Lythgoe Karen , Wang Tuo , Wu Zimu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractArc volcanism, crustal deformation, and their interplay are poorly understood in northwestern Sumatra. Traditional receiver function H‐κ stacking studies constrain the variations in crustal thickness and Vp/Vs ratio in volcanic zones but rarely estimate the melt fractions. Here, we propose a H‐Φ stacking method, a variant of the H‐κ stacking method, and apply it to the dense nodal array data from Aceh, northern Sumatra, to estimate crustal thickness, Vp/Vs ratio, and melt fraction. Most results show considerably high Vp/Vs ratios (∼1.98) and melt fractions (up to 19%), indicating pervasive crustal magmatic mush. The northwestern edge of the Aceh crust is much thinner (∼22 km) than extended crust globally, reflecting a highly stretched crust due to tectonic processes governing the opening of the Andaman Sea. This thin crust and high melt fractions explain the Bouguer gravity anomaly, and partly explain the northward migration of Quaternary volcanics.
Global Cooling‐Driven Summer Monsoon Weakening in South China Across the Eocene‐Oligocene Transition
Authors: Jiao Wenjun , Wan Shiming , Li Yong‐Xiang , Zhao Debo , Liu Chang , Jin Hualong , Li Mengjun , Yu Zhaojie , Zhang Jin , Pei Wenqiang , Li Anchun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent research has suggested that East Asia has experienced a prevailing monsoon climate since the Eocene. However, there is little knowledge about the development of the East Asian monsoon system before the Miocene, particularly in southern China, due to a lack of well‐dated continuous sediment records. Here, we present new magnetic proxy records from International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1501 in the northern South China Sea. We conducted rock magnetic experiments, made scanning electron microscopy observations and performed diffuse reflectance spectrum analysis on the late Eocene‐early Oligocene core sediments. The magnetic signal of the sediments is dominated by detrital magnetite and titanomagnetite formed during the silicate weathering and erosion processes, which were used to infer the evolution of summer monsoon precipitation in southern China. Our results along with geochemical and clay mineral data from Site U1501 strongly indicate that the East Asian summer monsoon generally weakened across the Eocene‐Oligocene transition. This change was linked to coeval global cooling rather than tectonic processes. Prior to the Eocene‐Oligocene transition, the summer monsoon intensified, likely due to the latest Eocene warming event caused by the enhancement of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, which may have preconditioned the Earth system for the greenhouse‐to‐icehouse transition.
Negative Excursion of Surface Electric Fields During Gamma‐Ray Glows in Winter Thunderstorms
Authors: Wada Y. , Kamogawa M. , Kubo M. , Enoto T. , Hayashi S. , Sawano T. , Yonetoku D. , Tsuchiya H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDuring the 2020–2021 winter season, we detected 6 gamma‐ray glows at Kanazawa University, Japan. Negative surface electric fields (E‐fields; in the sign convention of atmospheric electricity) were observed by a field mill during all the glow cases. In five of the six cases, the peak E‐field reached around −12 kV m−1, and the E‐field during the glow detection was the strongest in the interval including 3 hr before and after the detection time. Therefore, negative charges should have been dominant in the thunderclouds that produced the gamma‐ray glows, and electrons were probably accelerated and multiplied by the E‐fields between a predominantly negative charge layer and a localized positive charge layer below. In addition, we extracted 8 non‐detection cases in the 2020–2021 winter season, in which surface E‐fields were stronger than −12 kV m−1. In 5 of the 8 cases, radar echoes were inadequately developed, suggesting insufficient charge accumulation. On the other hand, the remaining 3 cases had well‐developed radar echoes, and there was no significant difference from the detection cases.
Sand, Gravel, Cobbles, and Boulders: Detrital Thermochronology Shows that One Size Does Not Tell All
Authors: Lukens C. E. , Riebe C. S. , Sklar L. S. , Shuster D. L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDetrital thermochronology has been used to measure sediment source elevations, and thus to quantify spatial variations in sediment production and erosion in steep mountain catchments. Samples commonly include a small fraction of the sediment sizes present on mountain streambeds, which according to previous modeling may not adequately represent sediment production where hillslope sediment sizes vary or where sediment breaks down during transport. Here we explore what can be learned from multiple sizes by quantifying source elevation distributions for 12 sediment size classes collected from Inyo Creek in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California. To interpret these data, we use a new analytical framework that identifies both the elevations where sediment sources deviate from catchment hypsometry and the likelihood that observed cumulative deviations could occur by chance. We find that sediment in four gravel and cobble size classes originates preferentially from higher elevations, either because erosion rates are faster or because these sizes are disproportionately represented in the sediment from high elevations. Conversely, boulders in the stream originate mostly from low elevations near the sample point, possibly reflecting the breakdown of boulders from high elevations during transport. While source elevations of finer sediment sizes are statistically indistinguishable from hypsometry, we show that these sizes are unlikely to be consistent with uniform sediment production because they cannot be considered in isolation from the coarser sizes. Our source elevation distributions from sand, gravel, cobbles, and boulders show that no one size can tell the rich story of sediment production and evolution, and highlight opportunities for future work.
A Universal Predictor‐Corrector Approach for Minimizing Artifacts Due To Mesh Refinement
Authors: Du Shukai , Stechmann Samuel N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith nested grids or related approaches, it is known that numerical artifacts can be generated at the interface of mesh refinement. Most of the existing methods of minimizing these artifacts are either problem‐dependent or numerical methods‐dependent. In this paper, we propose a universal predictor‐corrector approach to minimize these artifacts. By its construction, the approach can be applied to a wide class of models and numerical methods without modifying the existing methods but instead incorporating an additional step. The idea is to use an additional grid setup with a refinement interface at a different location, and then to correct the predicted state near the refinement interface by using information from the other grid setup. We give some analysis for our method in the setting of a one‐dimensional advection equation, showing that the key to the success of the method depends on an optimized way of choosing the weight functions, which determine the strength of the corrector at a certain location. Furthermore, the method is also tested in more general settings by numerical experiments, including shallow water equations, multi‐dimensional problems, and a variety of underlying numerical methods including finite difference/finite volume and spectral element. Numerical tests suggest the effectiveness of the method on reducing numerical artifacts due to mesh refinement.
Deep Seismic Reflection Imaging of Mesozoic Kachchh Rift, NW India: Implications for Evolution
Authors: Mandal Biswajit , Vijaya Rao V. , Karuppannan P. , Laxminarayana K. , Chopra Sumer , Ravi Kumar M. , Kumar Prakash 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeep crustal seismic reflection profiling is carried out for first time across various tectonic domains of seismically active Mesozoic Kachchh rift basin, formed during the breakup of Gondwanaland. The seismic data, processed using the common reflection surface stack approach, provided maiden images of the shallow and deep sub‐surface structures in the region. These images reveal a 15 km thick subhorizontal lower crustal reflection fabric and crustal‐scale domal‐type structure extending from the surface to the Moho. We interpret the earlier structure represent magmatic underplating and the latter as the Kachchh Mainland uplift. We find large variations in the thickness of sediments from 150 m to 6.5 km and crustal thickness from 45 to 35 km from north to south, with a Moho up warp of 4 km beneath the Kachchh Mainland fault. The Kachchh rift basin exhibits an unusually thick crust of 45 km, contrary to many rift basins. We interpret the syn‐rifting and the Reunion mantle plume activity, manifested as Deccan volcanics, are responsible for magmatic underplating and crustal thickening. Uplift in the region is multi‐genetic in origin. Present study illuminated new faults and nature of various other faults. Moderate to large earthquakes in the region are attributed to the regional and local stresses resulting from the plate boundary and heterogeneous crustal structure. Based on the mafic lower crust and distribution of aftershocks through the entire crust, we interpret the lower crust is brittle, contrary to most models of continental rheology.
A straightforward spectral emissivity estimating method based on constructing random rough surfaces
Authors: Zhang Zezhan , Chen Mengchao , Zhang Lichuan , Li Hongzu , Huang Hairui , Zhang Zilong , Yu Peifeng , Niu Yi , Gao Shan , Wang Chao , Jiang Jing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSpectral emissivity is an essential and sensitive parameter to characterize the radiative capacity of the solid surface in scientific and engineering applications, which would be non-negligibly affected by surface morphology. However, there is a lack of assessment of the effect of roughness on emissivity and a straightforward method for estimating the emissivity of rough surfaces. This paper established an estimating method based on constructing random rough surfaces to predict rough surface (Geometric region) emissivity for metal solids. Based on this method, the emissivity of ideal gray and non-gray body surfaces was calculated and analyzed. The calculated and measured spectral emissivities of GH3044, K465, DD6, and TC4 alloys with different roughness were compared. The results show that the emissivity increases with the roughness degree, and the enhancement effect weakens with the increase of roughness or emissivity due to the existing limit (emissivity ε = 1.0). At the same time, the roughness would not change the overall spectral distribution characteristics but may attenuate the local features of the spectral emissivity. The estimated results are in good agreement with the experimental data for the above alloys’ rough surfaces. This study provides a new reliable approach to obtaining the spectral emissivity of rough surfaces. This approach is especially beneficial for measuring objects in extreme environments where emissivity is difficult to obtain. Meanwhile, this study promotes an understanding of surface morphology’s effect mechanism on emissivity.
Fenofibrate alleviates insulin resistance by reducing tissue inflammation in obese ovariectomized mice
Authors: Lee Jungu , Jeon Suyeon , Lee Mijeong , Yoon Michung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Fenofibrate is a hypolipidemic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist used clinically to reduce hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia.

Objective
We investigated the effects of fenofibrate on insulin resistance and tissue inflammation in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed ovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6J mice, a mouse model of obese postmenopausal women.

Methods
Female OVX mice were randomly divided into 3 groups and received a low-fat diet, an HFD, or an HFD supplemented with 0.05% (w/w) fenofibrate for 9 weeks. Parameters of insulin resistance and tissue inflammation were measured using blood analysis, histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results
When fenofibrate was administered to HFD-fed OVX mice for 9 weeks, we observed reductions in body weight gain, adipose tissue mass, and the size of visceral adipocytes without the change of food intake. Fenofibrate improved mild hyperglycemia, severe hyperinsulinemia, and glucose tolerance in these mice. It also reduced pancreatic islet size and insulin-positive β-cell area to levels similar to those in OVX mice fed a low-fat diet. Concomitantly, administration of fenofibrate not only suppressed pancreatic lipid accumulation but also decreased CD68-positive macrophages in both the pancreas and visceral adipose tissue. Treatment with fenofibrate reduced tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) mRNA levels in adipose tissue and lowered serum TNFα levels.

Conclusion
These results suggest that fenofibrate treatment attenuates insulin resistance in part by reducing tissue inflammation and TNFα expression in HFD-fed OVX mice.
DUSP1 protects against ischemic acute kidney injury through stabilizing mtDNA via interaction with JNK
Authors: Shi Lang , Zha Hongchu , Pan Zhou , Wang Jiayi , Xia Yao , Li Huimin , Huang Hua , Yue Ruchi , Song Zhixia , Zhu Jiefu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe mechanism underlying acute kidney injury (AKI) and AKI-to-Chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition remains unclear, but mitochondrial dysfunction may be a key driving factor. Literature reports suggest that dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) plays a critical role in maintaining mitochondrial function and structural integrity. In this study, ischemic Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and post-ischemic fibrosis models were established by clamping the renal pedicle with different reperfusion times. To investigate the role of DUSP1, constitutional Dusp1 knockout mice and tubular-specific Sting knockout mice were used. Mitochondrial damage was assessed through electron microscopy observation, measurements of mitochondrial membrane potential, mtDNA release, and BAX translocation. We found that Dusp1 expression was significantly upregulated in human transplant kidney tissue and mouse AKI tissue. Dusp1 gene deletion exacerbated acute ischemic injury, post-ischemic renal fibrosis, and tubular mitochondrial dysfunction in mice. Mechanistically, DUSP1 could directly bind to JNK, and DUSP1 deficiency could lead to aberrant phosphorylation of JNK and BAX mitochondria translocation. BAX translocation promoted mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage and activated the cGAS-STING pathway. Inhibition of JNK or BAX could inhibit mtDNA leakage. Furthermore, STING knockout or JNK inhibition could significantly mitigate the adverse effects of DUSP1 deficiency in ischemic AKI model. Collectively, our findings suggest that DUSP1 is a regulator for the protective response during AKI. DUSP1 protects against AKI by preventing BAX-induced mtDNA leakage and blocking excessive activation of the cGAS-STING signaling axis through JNK dephosphorylation.