bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Unbearable Opportunity Costs of the Political Science PhD: Evidence and Lessons from Canada
Authors: Jamal Bianca , Berdahl Loleen , Malloy Jonathan , Young Lisa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Limited academic career prospects are pushing PhD graduates in political science and other disciplines to nonacademic careers. Understanding the mismatch between student and supervisor perceptions of doctoral career training is a starting point for suggesting program reforms. This research note examines the perceptions of PhD students and supervisors on doctoral career training. We compare results from two surveys of English-speaking Canadian universities on doctoral political science programs; one surveys PhD students and the other surveys supervisors. These survey results suggest that 1) students are more aware of the limited academic job market and interested in nonacademic careers than supervisors realize; 2) supervisors are unaware of the sunk costs PhD students face; 3) supervisors and students have different preferences for change in doctoral programs; and 4) students overestimate supervisors’ confidence in preparing them for nonacademic careers. Changes in program design can better meet student needs in these PhD programs.
Palaeomagnetic study of the Lorne Plateau Lavas, Scottish Caledonides: two emplacement episodes of normal polarity during the Pridoli-Lochkovian and a precisely dated Siluro-Devonian pole position
Authors: Piper J.D.A. , Kokelaar B.P. , Roberts A.P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Lorne Plateau lava succession of the north-west Grampian Highlands of Scotland is an early component of post-collisional Late Silurian to Early Devonian magmatism in the Orthotectonic Caledonides emplaced in two phases between the Late Silurian (425.0±0.7 Ma U-Pb zircon) and the Siluro-Devonian boundary at ∼419 Ma. Palaeomagnetic study comprising thermal demagnetization and component analysis embracing the time frame of the preserved succession yields a coherent mean direction of magnetization from 58 sites (D/I = 43.7/−47.4°, α95 = 4.0°). A palaeomagnetic fold test is significantly positive with sills intruding unlithified sediment on the island of Kerrera confirming primary remanence. The ∼600 m thick succession has uniform normal polarity throughout permitting correlation with the beginning of a normal polarity chron extending from ∼426 to 403 Ma. The pole position at 2.7°N, 317.3°E (dp/dm = 3.8/5.8°) predicts a palaeolatitude of 26°S and corresponds precisely with remanence in contemporaneous rocks from the Midland Valley of Scotland. Regional palaeofield directions are evaluated in the context of transpressional moulding of the Acadian Orogeny on the Great Glen Fault system (~416−380 Ma).
Local delta invariants of weak del Pezzo surfaces with the anti-canonical degree
$\geq 5$
Authors: Akaike Hiroto 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The delta invariant interprets the criterion for the K-(poly)stability of log terminal Fano varieties. In this paper, we determine local delta invariants for all weak del Pezzo surfaces with the anti-canonical degree

$\geq 5$

.
Investor Attention and Insider Trading
Authors: Mansi Sattar , Peng Lin , Qi Jianping , Shi Han 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We identify a new mechanism of opportunistic insider trading linked to attention-driven mispricing. Insiders are more likely to sell their company’s stock during periods of heightened retail attention and more inclined to buy when attention diminishes. The results are particularly pronounced for lottery-type stocks and firms with substantial retail ownership. We demonstrate that our findings—which relate to indicators of mispricing, retail order imbalances, and Robinhood herding episodes—extend to seasoned equity issuances and cannot be solely explained by firm fundamentals. Attention-based insider trading is less likely to result in SEC enforcement actions and persists across different regulatory regimes.
Morphological and molecular phylogeny of Clinostomum sp. (Digenea: Clinostomidae) metacercariae, using DNA barcode from a South American freshwater fish
Authors: Gião T. , Müller M.I. , Yamada F. , Freitas F. , Leite L. , da Silva R.J. , de Azevedo R. , Abdallah V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Here, we present a comprehensive morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of Clinostomum sp. (Digenea: Clinostomidae) metacercariae parasitizing two freshwater fish species from Southeast Brazil: Serrasalmus spilopleura (piranha) and Callichthys callichthys (tambuatá). The morphological examination revealed distinct characteristics of metacercariae in each host. Using the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene barcode region, we obtained DNA sequences that allowed for accurate phylogenetic placement. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Clinostomum sp. HM41 (metacercariae), isolated from S. spilopleura, exhibited 86% similarity to Ithyoclinostomum yamagutii, while Clinostomum sp. HM125 (metacercariae), from C. callichthys, showed 98.7% similarity to Clinostomum sp. Cr_Ha1. The phylogenetic trees constructed through Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood methods indicated high biodiversity within the Clinostomum genus and strong support for distinct lineages. These findings enhance our understanding of the diversity and ecological distribution of Clinostomum species in South American freshwater environments.
First record of the cryptogenic amphipod Ampithoe bizseli (Ampithoidae) in the European Atlantic waters
Authors: Arduini Daniele , Mancini Emanuele 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The amphipod Ampithoe bizseli Özaydinli and Coleman, 2012 is a cryptogenic species that was recently described in Turkey. Although to date it has only been recorded in the Mediterranean Basin, it is potentially native to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean. During a macrozoobenthos sampling campaign carried out in the Canary Islands in 2023, 25 individuals of A. bizseli were found in association with some fish farm facilities. This work represents the first report of this amphipod in European Atlantic waters and increases knowledge of the ecology of this non-indigenous species.
Research on hybrid path planning of underground degraded environment inspection robot based on improved A* algorithm and DWA algorithm
Authors: Gu Congcong , Liu Songyong , Li Hongsheng , Yuan Kewen , Bao Wenjiie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of many path inflection points, unsmooth paths, and poor local obstacle avoidance in path planning of inspection robots in static-dynamic scenes under complex geological conditions in coal mine roadways, a hybrid path planning method based on the improved A* algorithm and dynamic window approach (DWA) algorithm is proposed. First, the inspection robot platform and system model are constructed. An improved heuristic function that incorporates target weight information is proposed based on the A* global path planning algorithm. Additionally, redundant nodes are eliminated, and the path is smoothed using the Floyd algorithm and B-spline curves. Second, the global path planning A* algorithm and the local path planning DWA algorithm are fused. The dynamic path planning is carried out by setting the key node information of the global path extracted from the improved A* algorithm as the local target point of the DWA algorithm. On this basis, a grid map is established to simulate and analyze the proposed path planning algorithm. Finally, the autonomous path planning and walking experiment of inspection robot in simulated roadway environment are carried out. The results show that the hybrid path planning method based on improved A* algorithm and DWA algorithm proposed in this paper is more efficient and safer, which can meet the motion requirements of inspection robot in coal mine roadway.
The Scale of Northern-ness
Authors: Ashmore Claire 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article identifies factors that affect local dialect recognition in the north of the East Midlands, England. Central to the argument is the local belief in a ‘scale of northern-ness’: the general impression that accent moves geographically across the East Midlands, transitioning gradually southwards from northern to southern English. This theory bears similarities with Upton's description of the Midlands region as a ‘transition zone’ (2012, 267). Two dialect recognition tasks were completed by three age groups of respondents based primarily in Chesterfield, North East Derbyshire. The results indicate that Sheffield voices were the most recognisable to the Chesterfield audience, perhaps because they differed from the East Midland voices in the sample. Respondents' ‘dialect image’ (Inoue 1999, 162) of East Midland voices led to some errors being made, with the key belief in the north of this region that ‘north is better’.
International law-making and the Geneva Declaration on Human Rights at Sea
Authors: Klein Natalie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Geneva Declaration on Human Rights at Sea is a recent initiative of the non-governmental organization (NGO), Human Rights at Sea, and provides an opportunity to examine how an NGO-led initiative may contribute to international law-making. This article compares the Geneva Declaration to other NGO-led endeavours that resulted in the adoption of international treaties, including the Ottawa Convention, Cluster Munitions Convention, and Nuclear Weapon Ban Treaty. It also assesses how NGOs may contribute to the development of informal agreements that influence state decision-making. In doing so, the discussion draws on interviews with the drafters of the Geneva Declaration to further assess the possible trajectory of the instrument in international law-making. The experience of Human Rights at Sea in developing the Geneva Declaration provides a striking example of the current potential and limits of civil society actors in international law-making.
The Law and Political Economy of Business and Human Rights: From governance gaps to root causes
Authors: Kampourakis Ioannis , Lane Lottie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Business and Human Rights (BHR) scholarship has long recognized the exercise of corporate power as resembling functional sovereignty, advocating for the extension of the rule of law to private actors, establishing accountability regimes, and providing remedies for victims. With the proliferation of binding BHR instruments, such as human rights due diligence legislation, the BHR project finds itself at a critical juncture, where calls for hard obligations are no longer sufficient. Our article, and the broader Symposium, seek to push the boundaries of the discourse by interrogating the legal foundations of private power. Drawing from Law and Political Economy scholarship, we challenge the prevailing notion of ‘governance gaps’ that often frames BHR debates. Rather, we argue that the legal infrastructure itself enables and facilitates the forms of exploitation and structural inequality embedded in the global political economy, leading to predictable patterns of human rights violations. By uncovering the institutional foundations of private power, we also show how efforts to leverage mechanisms of private governance, including human rights due diligence, risk naturalizing corporate power and limiting institutional imagination. However, a critique only focused on institutional design does not sufficiently account for the hardwiring of social relations of global production and the systemic constraints these impose on projects of legal reform. Acknowledging these limitations, we outline two modes of critique: an ‘internal’ critique, which seeks to reimagine institutional frameworks, and an ‘immanent’ critique, which emphasizes the role of collective action and social movements in transforming the underlying social relations of production.
Patent ductus arteriosus closure in infants weighing less than 1500 g via a tiny microcatheter: a simple technique with zero-contrast exposure
Authors: Mohammad Nijres Bassel , Panicucci Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Despite patent ductus arteriosus closure in premature infants is a relatively fast procedure, it involves specific steps for equipment exchange and the use of a 4-Fr catheter, which may be large for tiny infants, potentially causing haemodynamic instability or tricuspid valve regurgitation.

Objectives:
This study aims to describe the early experience with a new technique designed to simplify transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure in premature infants. It enables the closure using the KA micro plug device via a single microcatheter without equipment exchanges and contrast exposure. This technique involves a simple modification of the microcatheter by creating a curved tip.

Methods:
This is a retrospective, single-institution study involving premature infants who underwent attempted transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure using a manually modified microcatheter of the KA micro plug device at Stead Family Children’s Hospital.

Results:
Five patients underwent transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure using a KA micro plug with a modified microcatheter. The procedure was successful in all patients, with no haemodynamic instability. The median (range) for procedural weight, time, and radiation dose were 1055 g (730–1330), 12 minutes (11–19), and 0.49 µGy.m2 (0.14–1), respectively. At a median follow-up of 1.1 months (0.17–2.6), all patients maintained good device position without residual shunt or other concerning echocardiogram findings.

Conclusions:
Transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure in infants weighing less than 1500 g can be successfully performed using a KA micro plug device through a microcatheter with zero-contrast use, low radiation exposure, and a short procedure time.
Overcoming slaughter and processing capacity barriers to expanding grass-finished beef cattle production in the northeastern USA
Authors: Ge Houtian , Gómez Miguel I. , Peters Christian J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There is growing interest in producing more beef from cattle raised in pasture-based systems, rather than grain-finishing feedlot systems in the USA. Given the availability of high-quality forage, pastureland, and markets in the northeastern USA, an expansion of beef production in the region contributes to a gradual shift toward grass-based finishing systems. However, the existing capacity of slaughter and processing facilities in the region is not sufficient to meet the service demand as grass-finished beef cattle production expands. This article examines slaughter and processing bottleneck problems under three scenarios of grass-finished beef production expansion. Through modeling the optimal utilization and expansion of currently existing plant capacity in the region, this study identifies capacity expansion solutions to overcome the emerging bottleneck problems. The plant utilization and expansion problem is formulated as an optimization model with the objective of minimizing total costs associated with cattle assembly, slaughter, processing, and distribution. Our results suggest that slaughter bottlenecks in New York State coincide with underutilized slaughter capacity in New England. Reducing plant numbers while increasing plant utilization rates or expanding the capacity of the remaining plants, would likely lead to greater cost savings.
Directional Selection and Evolution of Polygenic Traits in Eastern Eurasia: Insights from Ancient DNA
Authors: Piffer Davide 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study explores directional selection on physical and psychosocial phenotypes in Eastern Eurasian populations, utilizing a dataset of 1245 ancient genomes. By analyzing polygenic scores (PGS) for traits including height, educational attainment (EA), IQ, autism, schizophrenia, and others, we observed significant temporal trends spanning the Holocene era. The results suggest positive selection for cognitive-related traits such as IQ, EA and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), alongside negative selection for anxiety and depression. The results for height were mixed and showed nonlinear relationships with Years Before Present (BP). These trends were partially mediated by genetic components linked to distinct ancestral populations. Regression models incorporating admixture, geography, and temporal variables were used to account for biases in population composition over time. Latitude showed a positive effect on ASD PGS, EA and height, while it had a negative effect on skin pigmentation scores. Additionally, latitude exhibited significant nonlinear effects on multiple phenotypes. The observed patterns highlight the influence of climate-mediated selection pressures on trait evolution. Spline regression revealed that several polygenic scores had nonlinear relationships with years BP. The findings provide evidence for complex evolutionary dynamics, with distinct selective pressures shaping phenotypic diversity across different timescales and environments.
Evolution and Structure of a Heavy‐Precipitation‐Producing Quasi‐Linear Convective System Along a Mesoscale Outflow Boundary
Authors: Kang Yanzhen , Duan Yuhui , Liu Lei , Peng Xingdong , Liang Xiaogang , Liu Xi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study explored the complex evolution mechanism and fine‐scale structures of a quasi‐linear convective system (QLCS) in the eastern Taihang Mountain from 1300 BST 12 to 0300 BST 13 August 2018 by using Doppler radar data, high‐resolution surface observations and sounding data. The QLCS which produced heavy precipitation was maintained as the southeasterly being lifted when flowed over a mesoscale outflow boundary (MOB) associated with a cold pool. Topographic blocking effect of Taihang Mountain and the cold environmental northeasterly enhanced the uplift of southeasterly at southwest and northeast of the MOB. Northeastward extension of the QLCS was promoted by the prevailing southeasterly airflow and high convective available potential energy. Meanwhile, the dry cold layer between 850 and 500 hPa obviously prevented southeastward movement of the QLCS. A clear increase of the disturbance pressure took place due to water loading increase other than the temperature dropping. Northwestward oriented “echo training” of convective cells facilitated the perfect‐structured QLCS to split into several meso‐β‐scale rain bands with irregular convergence along the MOB. Mesoscale convective vortices associated with slow‐moving strong convective echoes played an important role in middle part of the QLCS development which accounts for the heavy precipitation.
Caprock Genesis in Hydrothermal Systems via Alteration‐Controlled Fault Weakening and Impermeabilization
Authors: Marchesini Barbara , Pozzi Giacomo , Collettini Cristiano , Carminati Eugenio , Tesei Telemaco 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe mechanical and hydraulic behavior of faults in geothermal systems is strongly impacted by fluid‐induced alteration. However, the effect of this alteration on fault properties in geothermal reservoirs is under documented. This affects our ability to model the properties of subsurface structures, both in reservoirs and caprocks, and potential hazards during geothermal exploitation. We investigated fault rocks from the caprock of a fossil hydrothermal system in the Apennines of Italy. We combined field structural observations with mineralogical and microstructural analyses of faults that guided the circulation of hydrothermal fluids and steered the caprock formation. We also performed friction experiments and permeability tests on representative fault rocks. We document fault weakening induced by the effect of hydrolytic alteration leading to the enrichment of clay minerals along the slip surfaces of major faults. Alunite‐clay‐rich rocks are much weaker (friction coefficient 0.26 < μ < 0.45) than the unaltered protolith (trachyte, μ = 0.55), favoring strain localization. The late‐stage enrichment of clays along faults induces a local decrease in permeability of three orders of magnitude (1.62 × 10−19 m2) with respect to the surrounding rocks (1.96 × 10−16 m2) transforming faults from fluid conduits into barriers. The efficiency of this process is demonstrated by the cyclic development of fluid overpressure in the altered volcanic rocks, highlighted by chaotic breccias and hydrofracture networks. Permeability barriers also enhance the lateral flow of hydrothermal fluids, promoting the lateral growth of the caprock. Velocity‐strengthening frictional behavior of alunite‐clay‐rich rocks suggests that hydrolytic alteration favors stable slip of faults at low temperature.
Nuclear farnesoid X receptor protects against bone loss by driving osteoblast differentiation through stabilizing RUNX2
Authors: Dong Qi , Fu Haoyuan , Li Wenxiao , Ji Xinyu , Yin Yingchao , Zhang Yiran , Zhu Yanbo , Li Guoqiang , Jia Huiyang , Zhang Heng , Wang Haofei , Hu Jinglue , Wang Ganggang , Wu Zhihao , Zhang Yingze , Xu Sujuan , Hou Zhiyong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The delicate balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts maintains bone homeostasis. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are now understood to be crucial in bone physiology and pathology. However, the function of the Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a member of the NR family, in regulating bone homeostasis remains incompletely understood. In this study, in vitro and in vivo models revealed delayed bone development and an osteoporosis phenotype in mice lacking FXR in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and osteoblasts due to impaired osteoblast differentiation. Mechanistically, FXR could stabilize RUNX2 by inhibiting Thoc6-mediated ubiquitination, thereby promoting osteogenic activity in BMSCs. Moreover, activated FXR could directly bind to the Thoc6 promoter, suppressing its expression. The interaction between RUNX2 and Thoc6 was mediated by the Runt domain of RUNX2 and the WD repeat of Thoc6. Additionally, Obeticholic acid (OCA), an orally available FXR agonist, could ameliorate bone loss in an ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporotic mouse model. Taken together, our findings suggest that FXR plays pivotal roles in osteoblast differentiation by regulating RUNX2 stability and that targeting FXR may be a promising therapeutic approach for osteoporosis.
The crosstalk between SND1 and PDCD4 is associated with chemoresistance of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells
Authors: Zhao Yun , Dhani Shanel , Gogvadze Vladimir , Zhivotovsky Boris 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is highly resistant to chemo- or radiation therapy, which poses a huge challenge for treatment of advanced NSCLC. Previously, we demonstrated the oncogenic role of Tudor Staphylococcal nuclease (TSN, also known as Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1, SND1), in regulating chemoresistance in NSCLC cells. Here, we showed that silencing of SND1 augmented the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to different chemotherapeutic drugs. Additionally, the expression of PDCD4 (a tumor suppressor highly associated with lung cancer) in NSCLC cells with low endogenous levels was attenuated by SND1 silencing, implying that SND1 might function as a molecular regulator upstream of PDCD4. PDCD4 is differentially expressed in various NSCLC cells. In the NSCLC cells (A549 and H23 cells) with low expression of PDCD4, despite the downregulation of PDCD4, silencing of SND1 still led to sensitization of NSCLC cells to treatment with different chemotherapeutic agents by the inhibition of autophagic activity. Thus, a novel correlation interlinking SND1 and PDCD4 in the regulation of NSCLC cells concerning chemotherapy was revealed, which contributes to understanding the mechanisms of chemoresistance in NSCLC.