bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
vgck versus vack: The contributions of children's early sub‐lexical orthographic knowledge to gains in word reading
Authors: Heintzman Savannah M. , Conrad Nicole J. , Deacon S. Hélène 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundYoung children clearly know quite a bit about the conventions of written language; for instance, 5‐year‐old children are sensitive to the fact that words tend to include both consonants and vowels, rather than just one or the other. The core theoretical debate lies in whether this understanding of sub‐lexical orthographic regularities predicts children's reading development. To provide empirical data on this question, we examined whether individual differences in sub‐lexical orthographic knowledge were related to gains in word reading over a year.MethodsWe measured sub‐lexical orthographic knowledge in Grade 1 by asking children to choose which of two letter‐strings looked most word‐like: one containing vowels and consonants and one containing all consonants or all vowels (e.g., vack vs vgck or uaie, respectively). Children completed control measures of phonological awareness, vocabulary and nonverbal ability in Grade 1. Word reading was measured in both Grades 1 and 2.ResultsLinear regression analyses identified a small but significant and unique contribution of sub‐lexical orthographic knowledge in Grade 1 to word reading in Grade 2, after controls for the above measures as well as age, parental education and the auto‐regressor of Grade 1 word reading.ConclusionsThis finding suggests a role for knowledge of sub‐lexical orthographic regularities in children's gains in word reading.
Molecules in the hippo pathway that regulate Th17 differentiation reveal the severity of ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Xu Xiaohan , Liu Wanlin , Liu Yue , Wu Dongmei , Pang Bo , Zhao Zhe , Zhao Yanan , Liu Hongxiao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, progressive, and inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown origin that affects the axial skeleton and sacroiliac joints, resulting in pain and loss of function. AS is characterized by the overdifferentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells, which contribute to the development of the disease. The Hippo signaling pathway is an important regulator of Th17 differentiation, but its role in patients with AS is unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of key molecules of the Hippo signaling pathway in inflammatory Th17 differentiation in patients with AS and to examine their correlation with disease stages.MethodsWe examined the activity of the Hippo pathway in patients with AS and the regulation of Th17 differentiation during AS‐mediated inflammation. Blood samples were collected from 60 patients with AS at various stages and 30 healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from peripheral blood by density gradient centrifugation. The Serum Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) levels in patients with AS and healthy controls were quantified by ELISA. The key molecules of Hippo pathway were assessed by real‐time PCR for their mRNA expression, and protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis.ResultsElevated serum interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) levels were observed in patients with AS compared with healthy controls. The protein and mRNA levels of retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor γt (RORγt), transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ‐binding motif (TAZ), and key upstream transcription factors in the Hippo signaling pathway were measured. The expression of RORγt and TAZ was increased in the blood of patients with AS, whereas the expression of other Hippo pathway proteins, such as MST1/2 and NDR1/2, was significantly decreased. Increased levels of IL‐17 and TAZ were significantly associated with disease activity. In addition, MST1, MST2, and NDR1 levels were negatively correlated with TAZ, RORγt, and IL‐17 levels.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the Hippo pathway plays a significant role in the regulation of Th17 differentiation and disease activity in patients with AS. The upregulation of TAZ and downregulation of key Hippo pathway proteins, such as MST1/2 and NDR1/2, may contribute to AS pathogenesis. These proteins may serve as biomarkers and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for AS.
Microorganism community structure: A characterisation of agrosystems from Madeira Archipelago
Authors: Oliveira Maria Cristina O. , Ragonezi Carla , Valente Sofia , de Freitas José G. R. , Pinheiro de Carvalho Miguel A. A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMicrobial diversity profoundly influences soil ecosystem functions, making it vital to monitor community dynamics to comprehend its structure. Our study focused on six agrosystems in Madeira Archipelago, analysing bacteria, archaea, fungi and AMF through classical microbiology and molecular techniques. Despite distinct edaphoclimatic conditions and management practices, bacterial structures exhibited similarities, with Alphaproteobacteria at 18%–20%, Bacilli at 11%–18% and Clostridia at 9%–14%. The predominance of copiothrophic groups suggested that soil nutrient content was the driver of these communities. Regarding archaea, the communities changed among sites, and it was evident that agrosystems provided niches for methanogens. The Crenarchaeota varied between 15% and 29%, followed by two classes of Euryarchaeota, Methanomicrobia (17%–25%) and Methanococci (4%–32%). Fungal communities showed consistent composition at the class level but had differing diversity indices due to management practices and soil texture. Sordaryomycetes (21%–28%) and Agaricomycetes (15%–23%) were predominant. Conversely, AMF communities appeared to be also influenced by the agrosystem, with Glomus representing over 50% of the community in all agrosystems. These insights into microbial groups' susceptibilities to environmental conditions are crucial for maintaining healthy soil and predicting climate change effects on agrosystems' productivity, resilience and sustainability. Additionally, our findings enable the development of more robust prediction models for agricultural practices.
Why China supports NDB membership expansion: Going multilateral amid power struggles
Authors: Zhu Jiejin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article aims to detail why China supports the expansion of the NDB membership, arguing that NDB membership expansion is a medium‐term solution to help manage geopolitical rivalry and tensions between state powers in the NDB. The BRICS equality and consensus‐oriented governance arrangements are unique governance features of the NDB, however, Chinese officials have observed that these organizational structures have become the conduits for geopolitical tensions to be transmitted into the functioning of the Bank, specifically as the India‐China tensions, and the growing conflict between Russia and the West. China's strategy is that the addition of more members to the NDB will help to dilute the inter‐state tensions by expanding and diversifying the number of voices at the decision‐making table, as well as the capital contribution base for the Bank, and the scope of potential borrowers. China is pursuing an “increase in multilateralism” to help with managing the inter‐state rivalries that have been transmitted into the Bank, a medium‐term strategy for reducing conflict between the BRICS governments within the NDB, and for maintaining the collective cohesion of the BRICS as a diplomatic grouping.
The art of the Trump‐Iran deal: An unsuccessful coercive foreign policy
Authors: Kamel Amir Magdy 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe success of a state's coercive foreign policy depends on how much influence it has over a ‘target’ – a premise that assumes other factors do not obstruct the policy goal. In practice however, the nature of the international system complicates the potential for such a policy's success. This paper examines this idea using the 2018 US decision that aimed to dismantle the JCPOA by pulling out of the agreement and re‐sanctioning Iran. To do so, this paper engages with the general and region‐specific literature on coercive foreign policy, sets out a background of US‐Iranian ties and examines the consensus‐driven momentum that led to the JCPOA, along with the unilateral 2018 US decision to renege on the agreement. The findings demonstrate how the US and Iranian political environments made it difficult to realise the coercive foreign policy goal of dismantling the JCPOA. The reasons for this centre on the notion that the interconnected nature of the international system diminishes the effectiveness of this type of coercive foreign policy – even when considering the USA as a powerful implementer of this policy. Thus, I argue for the importance of capturing contextual factors when considering this type of international relations.
Role of occupational therapy in person‐centred dementia care: Exploring family member and clinician perceptions
Authors: Richards Kieva , Mills Nicole , Hitch Danielle 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the role of occupational therapy in dementia facilities using a person‐centred model of care, from the perspective of family members, occupational therapists and multidisciplinary health professionals.MethodsA descriptive qualitative approach was adopted, and all data were evaluated using thematic analysis. Semi‐structured interviews were completed with eight family members and five multidisciplinary health professionals. Four occupational therapists practising in dementia care also provided qualitative data via an online survey.ResultsThe analysis identified two key themes around perceptions of occupational therapy in person‐centred dementia care. These themes were (1) the poorly defined scope of the occupational therapy role and (2) the perceived features of the occupational therapy role.ConclusionsWhile the perceptions and experiences of participants varied, the scope of this role is currently poorly defined. Occupational therapists in this setting commonly facilitate positive social interaction and present‐oriented occupational engagement with residents and are also recognised as building workforce capacity with multidisciplinary colleagues. Without a clearly defined scope of practice, the role of occupational therapy in enabling health and well‐being for people with dementia cannot be coherently articulated. This could lead to underutilisation of occupational therapy services, and lost opportunities for residents to experience improved health and well‐being.
Improving hip fracture care: A five‐year review of the early contributors to the Australian and New Zealand Hip Fracture Registry
Authors: Taylor Morag E. , Ramsay Niamh , Mitchell Rebecca , McDougall Catherine , Harris Ian A. , Hallen Jamie , Ward Nicola , Hurring Sarah , Harvey Lara A. , Armstrong Elizabeth , Close Jacqueline C. T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine temporal trends (2016–2020) in hip fracture care in Australian and New Zealand (ANZ) hospitals that started providing patient‐level data to the ANZ Hip Fracture Registry (ANZHFR) on/before 1 January 2016 (early contributors).MethodsRetrospective cohort study of early contributor hospitals (n = 24) to the ANZHFR. The study cohort included patients aged ≥50 years admitted with a low trauma hip fracture between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2020 (n = 26,937). Annual performance against 11 quality indicators and 30‐ and 365‐day mortality were examined.ResultsCompared to 2016/2017, year‐on‐year improvements were demonstrated for preoperative cognitive assessment (2020: OR 3.57, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.29–3.87) and nerve block use prior to surgery (2020: OR 4.62, 95% CI 4.17–5.11). Less consistent improvements over time from 2016/2017 were demonstrated for emergency department (ED) stay of <4 h (2017; 2020), pain assessment ≤30 min of ED presentation (2020), surgery ≤48 h (2020) and bone protection medication prescribed on discharge (2017–2020; 2020 OR 2.22, 95% CI 2.03–2.42). The odds of sustaining a hospital‐acquired pressure injury increased in 2019–2020 compared to 2016. The odds of receiving an orthogeriatric model of care and being offered the opportunity to mobilise on Day 1 following surgery fluctuated. There was a reduction in 365‐day mortality in 2020 compared to 2016 (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.74–0.98), whereas 30‐day mortality did not change.ConclusionsSeveral quality indicators improved over time in early contributor hospitals. Indicators that did not improve may be targets for future care improvement activities, including considering incentivised hip fracture care, which has previously been shown to improve care/outcomes. COVID‐19 and reporting practices may have impacted the study findings.
Choice of formal and informal care among community‐dwelling older people with or without dementia under a long‐term care insurance pilot program in China
Authors: Shi Cheng , Chan Wing‐kit , Yang Jianwei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the use of publicly funded formal and informal care among community‐dwelling long‐term care insurance (LTCI) beneficiaries in China and how dementia differentiates the choice of care.MethodsUsing administrative data from a LTCI pilot scheme in Guangzhou (n = 2043), we conducted a multinomial logistic regression to examine the association between dementia and the choice of family members (informal unpaid care), domestic helpers (informal paid care) and care workers (formal care), controlling for demographics, living environment and intensity of paid care hours.ResultsMost LTCI beneficiaries chose a family member (65%), followed by a domestic helper (21%) and a care worker (14%). After controlling for covariates, LTCI beneficiaries with dementia were more likely than their counterparts without dementia to choose care provided by a care worker (RRR: 1.73) or a living‐in helper (RRR: 1.43) than a family member.ConclusionsA preference for informal care was observed among LTCI beneficiaries in China. Those with dementia were more likely than those without dementia to use care provided by non‐family caregivers. The pilot scheme findings provide further insight into care recipients' preferences for service utilisation and how dementia impacts these preferences, which should be considered in future policy and service provision.
Parental stress and food allergy phenotypes in young children: A National Birth Cohort (JECS)
Authors: Yamamoto‐Hanada Kiwako , Pak Kyongsun , Iwamoto Shintaro , Konishi Mizuho , Saito‐Abe Mayako , Sato Miori , Miyaji Yumiko , Mezawa Hidetoshi , Nishizato Minaho , Yang Limin , Kumasaka Natsuhiko , Ohya Yukihiro ,   for the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) Group
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundFood allergy children and their families tend to have emotional distress and anxiety. There have been few reports of differences in parenting stress and a child's food allergy phenotypes.MethodsWe examined the associations between food allergy phenotypes in children and parenting stress assessed by the Parenting Stress Index‐Short Form (PSI‐SF) from a national birth cohort (Japan Environment and Children's Study).ResultsWe included 65,805 children for statistical analysis. Of them, 7.2% of children had a food allergy diagnosis at 2 years old. The means of the total PSI‐SF (39.9 ± 10.3, 39.1 ± 9.9), CD‐SF (19.5 ± 5.4, 19.1 ± 5.2), and PD‐SF (20.5 ± 6.3, 20.0 ± 6.1) scores are similar for caregivers in the with and without food allergy groups. Food allergy diagnosis resulted in significantly higher total PSI scores (coefficient .47, 95% CI 0.19–0.75, p = .001), CD‐SF (coefficient .22, 95% CI 0.07–0.38, p = .004), and PD‐SF (coefficient .24, 95% CI 0.08–0.41, p = .004). A similar trend was observed for allergy reactions to hen's egg. However, there was no clear relationship between allergic reactions to milk, wheat, nuts, and PSI‐SF.ConclusionsParental stress was significantly related to a child's food allergy. Furthermore, hen's egg allergy increased parental stress. Multiple food avoidance might also increase parental stress. Healthcare providers need to be aware of parental stress in our daily clinic.
A case of laparoscopic revision surgery 30 years after vertical banded gastroplasty for morbid obesity
Authors: Matsumoto Yasunori , Iida Shinichiro , Kano Masayuki , Suito Hiroshi , Hayashi Hideki , Hayano Koichi , Kurata Yoshihiro , Otsuka Ryota , Takahashi Yumiko , Matsubara Hisahiro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs the number of bariatric and metabolic surgeries being performed is increasing, the importance of revision surgeries is escalating. In this report, we describe a case of revision surgery performed 30 years after vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG), including a review of the surgical techniques. The patient was a male in his 50s who had previously undergone VBG for morbid obesity (body mass index of 72.6 kg/m2), resulting in gradual weight loss. Twenty‐eight years later, reflux symptoms due to stenosis of the mesh area developed. Despite conservative treatment, the symptoms recurred, and aspiration pneumonia developed. Gastrojejunal and Y‐anastomoses were performed laparoscopically. Postoperatively, the patient progressed well with no weight regain. In revision surgery, it is essential to accurately assess the patient's pathophysiology, as the surgical technique must consider improvement in symptoms, risk of weight regain, and the need for observation of the residual stomach.
A case of laparoscopic hepatic S4 partial resection after coronary artery bypass grafting using the right gastroepiploic artery
Authors: Matsumoto Akio , Morita Yoshifumi , Ida Shinya , Muraki Ryuta , Kitajima Ryo , Furuhashi Satoru , Takeda Makoto , Kikuchi Hirotoshi , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Kurachi Kiyotaka , Torii Kakeru , Sato Masanori , Takahashi Daisuke , Shiiya Norihiko , Takeuchi Hiroya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLaparoscopic liver resection has become safer over time, making it a viable option for patients previously considered high‐risk. We discuss a case in which a 73‐year‐old man underwent laparoscopic liver resection after coronary artery bypass grafting using the right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA). The patient was noted to have liver metastases of rectal cancer in the medial segment. Laparoscopic hepatic S4 partial resection was done after preoperative assessment of the RGEA graft pathway by computed tomography. During the operation, the RGEA graft was adherent to the dorsal surface of the liver, but the laparoscopic approach allowed fine dissection. The tumor was then safely removed, and the patient was discharged without complications. Preoperative assessment of the graft pathway is necessary because of the lack of tactile sensation during laparoscopic surgery. However, a magnified view of the laparoscope enabled us to perform fine dissection to avoid injury to the graft vessels.
Difficult‐to‐treat primary immune thrombocytopenia in adults: Prevalence and burden. Results from the CARMEN‐France registry
Authors: Moulis Guillaume , Rueter Manuela , Duvivier Aymeric , Mahévas Matthieu , Viallard Jean‐François , Comont Thibault , Chèze Stéphane , Audia Sylvain , Ebbo Mikaël , Terriou Louis , Lega Jean‐Christophe , Jeandel Pierre‐Yves , Hemim Ines , Bozzi Sylvie , Daak Ahmed , Okada Hikaru , Bonnotte Bernard , Michel Marc , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Godeau Bertrand ,   the CARMEN‐France Investigators Group
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and the burden of difficult‐to‐treat primary ITP (pITP), defined by the need for another ITP treatment after romiplostim and eltrombopag. Adult patients were selected in the prospective, real‐world CARMEN‐France registry up to December 2021. Out of 821 adult patients with pITP, 29 had difficult‐to‐treat ITP (3.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3%–4.8% in total; 7.6%; 95% CI: 4.9%–10.2% of patients needing ≥2nd line treatment). The 3‐year cumulative incidence of bleeding, infection and thrombosis was 100%, 24.1% and 13.8% respectively. The median cumulative duration of hospital stays was 31 days (median follow‐up: 30.3 months).
Left atrial strain is reduced following trastuzumab in breast cancer patients
Authors: Lassen Mats C. Højbjerg , Arya Farzin , Biering‐Sørensen Tor , Reeh Jacob L. T. , Melisko Michelle E. , Sarwary Shabir , Baik Alan H. , Aras Mandar A. , Qasim Atif 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of trastuzumab therapy on left atrial (LA) function remains largely unknown. Our aim was to assess the changes in LA strain parameters longitudinally in patients treated with trastuzumab.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 170 patients with stage I‐IV HER2+ breast cancer. All patients had baseline echocardiograms and repeat echocardiograms at 3 months and after 1 year. We measured LA strain at all three time points. Changes in LA strain and strain rate (sr) parameters were evaluated using repeated‐measures mixed‐effects models. The cohort was stratified according to development of cancer therapeutics‐related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) during follow‐up.ResultsThe mean age was 52.7 ± 13.8 years, 25.3% had hypertension and 16.0% had metastatic disease. Multiple LA strain parameters (predicted delta value, [95%CI]) showed statistically significant declines in patients who developed CTRCD from baseline to the 3‐month follow‐up after multivariable adjustment; LA reservoir strain (LAεres): −4.7%; [−8.1% to −1.3%], p = .007; LA conduit strain (LAεcon): −2.8%; [−5.3% to −.4%], p = .021); and LAεres sr: −.2/s; [−.3/s to −.09/s], p < .001). In patients who did not develop CTRCD, LA strain parameters declined significantly but to a smaller degree than in the CTRCD group (LAεres: −1.7%; [−3.1% to −.3%], p = .020, LAεcon: −2.2%; [−3.3% to −1.1%], p < .001, and LA booster pump strain : −2.4%; [−3.5% to −1.4%], p < .001). LA strain rates did not decline significantly in the non‐CTRCD group.ConclusionTrastuzumab treatment was associated with declines in LA strain parameters in patients with breast cancer. The largest declines were observed in patients who developed CTRCD during treatment.
Effect of wire diameter and extent of wire composite splint on the mobility of luxated and anchor primary teeth: A typodont study
Authors: Atif Mohammad , Sharma Saurabh , Tewari Nitesh , Rahul Morankar , Mathur Vijay Prakash , Bansal Kalpana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground/AimsThe recommendations for splinting are well established for the injuries of permanent dentition; however, ambiguity still exists for the injuries in primary dentition. Hence, this study aimed to determine the most appropriate dimensions of stainless steel wire and its extent, for achieving the physiologic mobility in primary dentition.Material and MethodsThis study was designed as an in vitro experiment by using a typodont model of primary dentition. The baseline mobility of primary maxillary incisors was calibrated to the physiologic mobility of natural primary incisors by using a Teflon tape wrapped around the roots of resin teeth. Splinting was done using a stainless steel wire of 0.2 mm (Group I), 0.3 mm (Group II), and 0.4 mm (Group III). These groups were subdivided (a, b, and c) on the basis of the extent of the splint, and pre splint mobility (Pre‐PV) and post‐splint mobility (Post‐PV) were tested by Periotest M. The splint effect was calculated by subtracting Post‐PVs and Pre‐PVs.ResultsThe normal values of mobility in healthy human volunteers ranged from 10.5 to 13. The overall splint effect was higher in Group III irrespective of the extent of the splint, whereas it was found to be the lowest in Group I (b and c). The splint effect increased with the extent of the splint in all the groups. Among all the groups, the splint effect on the anchor teeth was observed to increase with the extent of the splint and the diameter of the wire.ConclusionThe mobility of the injured and anchor teeth splinted with 0.2‐mm stainless steel wire was similar to the pre‐splint and physiologic mobility. The most favorable extension was one tooth adjacent to the injured tooth on each side for both 0.2‐ and 0.3‐mm wires.