bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomaly Detection of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) in IoT Network Using Machine Learning
Authors: Mohammed Baydaa Hashim , Sallehudin Hasimi , Safie Nurhizam , Satar Mohd , Murhg Hamed Dhary , Mohamed Shaymaa Abdelghany 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This research focuses on developing an anomaly detection system using machine learning to mitigate Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks in IoT networks. The study utilizes a diverse dataset from IoT environments to train and evaluate machine learning algorithms for DDoS detection. The dataset includes various IoT device types, communication protocols, and network configurations. The research aims to achieve several objectives, including dataset preprocessing, feature engineering, machine learning model selection, anomaly detection, and performance evaluation. The research team preprocesses the raw Internet of Things (IoT) network data by cleaning and transforming it to prepare it for analysis. They then extract relevant features from the data to effectively characterize normal and abnormal network behavior. Multiple machine learning algorithms are evaluated and compared to determine the most suitable models for DDoS detection in IoT networks. The selected machine learning models are then used to identify and classify abnormal traffic patterns associated with DDoS attacks. The performance of the developed anomaly detection system is evaluated by assessing its accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The significance of this research lies in its potential to enhance the security of IoT networks by proactively detecting and mitigating DDoS attacks. By leveraging machine learning, the study aims to provide a robust defense mechanism against this pervasive threat, ensuring the reliability and availability of IoT services and applications.
Fabrication of a composite material of polycaprolactone synthesized via ring-opening polymerization and functionalized with multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
Authors: Penaranda-Armbrecht José , Correa-Quiceno Mario Jose , Caicedo-Angulo Julio Cesar , Neuta-Arciniegas Paola Andrea , Gutierrez-Montes Jose Oscar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
High molecular weight polycaprolactone was synthesized using a solvent-free, eco-friendly ring-opening polymerization (ROP) method. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis, and the thermal characteristics were analyzed via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were employed to functionalize the PCL to produce composite materials, and the chemical bonding was verified using Raman spectroscopy. The optimal MWCNT couplings for PCL were determined to be 1%, 3%, and 5% (w/w).
Configurable laterally stacked 2D layered fullerene C60-graphene system with precise spatialization
Authors: wu Lijun , Suriyaprakash Jagadeesh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
All-carbon laterally stacked 2D fullerene C60-graphene hybrid (LFG) systems with strong interfacial coupling at the specified region and configuration are in great demand for micro/nanoelectronics due to their distinct hybridized optoelectronic properties. Such a system with patternable and tunable features at the sub-micron scale is exceptionally challenging to synthesis. Herein, based on the photoactivity of the molecule containing stable 5 and 6 bicyclic carbon rings and the power profile of a Gaussian beam, a unique hybrid system consisting of 2D layered fullerene C60-graphene nanostructure is developed with high spatialization. The formation of C60 clusters and their subsequent linkage, coupled with graphene have emerged in the polymer composite at the defined region as a result of laser-induced photochemical evolution/coupling and photolysis processes. This hybrid system can be freely micropatterned to various intricate designs with a tunable bandgap in the range of 1.85–0.86 eV by simply modulating the irradiation power. Further, the newly designed LFG microarray pattern device offers significant photoresponsivity as high as 1.51 x104 A/W at a very low power of light in a wide spectrum (405–1550 nm). The unique hybrid 2D C60-graphene-2D C60 lateral heterostructure with large interfacial coupling and depletion domain offers optimal photocarrier generation/separation, remarkably enhancing the device's performance. Concerning the benefits of this study, featuring a user-friendly patterning technique, cost-effective instrument, alterable material proportion and high spatialization/interface coupling, allow for the feasible deployment of newly customised functional materials and devices.
Widespread but divergent drought legacy effects on gross primary productivity
Authors: Yu Xin , Orth Rene , Reichstein Markus , Bahn Michael , Reimers Christian , Gomarasca Ulisse , Migliavacca Mirco , Papale Dario , Bastos Ana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Droughts can impact terrestrial ecosystems concurrently but also lagged in time as legacy effects. Although drought legacy effects on plants have been thoroughly shown using tree radial growth and greenness, understanding of legacy effects on gross primary productivity (GPP) remains limited. Here, we quantify for the first time drought legacy effects on GPP at 73 long-term eddy covariance sites across biomes and climate regions. We find sizeable and widespread drought legacy effects at 57 out of 59 sites experiencing strong droughts. We find drought legacy effects diverge globally, with about as many sites experiencing positive (30 sites) and negative (27 sites) legacy effects. Grasslands tend to exhibit positive legacy effects, with GPP being stimulated after drought, whereas other ecosystems such as forests show a mixture of positive, negative, or no legacy effects. We find climatological aridity and drought duration to be the most relevant factors explaining spatial variability of drought legacy effects among forest sites. Our results demonstrate that drought legacy effects on GPP are widespread but divergent and should be considered more explicitly for understanding and projecting the impacts of drought on terrestrial carbon cycling.
Pricing and hedging contingent claims by entropy segmentation and Fenchel duality
Authors: Vilar-Zanón José L. , Rogo Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We present a new approach to the problem of characterizing and choosing equivalent martingale pricing measures for a contingent claim, in a finite-state incomplete market. This is the entropy segmentation method achieved by means of convex programming, thanks to which we divide the claim no-arbitrage prices interval into two halves, the buyer's and the seller's prices at successive entropy levels. Classical buyer's and seller's prices arise when the entropy level approaches 0. Next, we apply Fenchel duality to these primal programs to characterize the hedging positions, unifying in the same expression the cases of super (resp. sub) replication (arising when the entropy approaches 0) and partial replication (when entropy tends to its maximal value). We finally apply linear programming to our hedging problem to find in a price slice of the dual feasible set an optimal partial replicating portfolio with minimal CVaR. A super (resp. sub) replication solution is obtained as the entropy level tends to 0. We apply our methodology to a cliquet style guarantee, using Heston's dynamic with parameters calibrated on EUROSTOXX50 index quoted prices of European calls. This way prices and hedging positions take into account the volatility risk.
Associations of Education with Cholelithiasis and the Mediating Effects of Cardiometabolic Factors: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Li Changlei , Liu Yukun , Lan Yingying , Wang Zusen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Education, cognition and intelligence are associated with cholelithiasis progression, yet which one has a prominent effect on cholelithiasis and which cardiometabolic risk factors mediate the causal relationship remain unelucidated.
Method
Applying genome-wide association study summary statistics of primarily European individuals, we utilized 2-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization to estimate the independent effects of education, intelligence, and cognition on cholelithiasis and cholecystitis (FinnGen study, 37041 and 11632 patients, respectively; n = 486484 participants) and performed 2-step Mendelian randomization to evaluate 21 potential mediators and their mediating effects on the relationships, between each exposure and cholelithiasis.
Results
Inverse variance weighted Mendelian randomization results from the FinnGen consortium showed that genetically higher education, cognition or intelligence were not independently associated with cholelithiasis and cholecystitis; when adjusted for cholelithiasis, higher education still presented an inverse effect on cholecystitis [OR: 0.292 (95% CI: 0.171 to 0.501)], which could not be induced by cognition or intelligence. Five out of 21 cardiometabolic risk factors were perceived as mediators of the association between education and cholelithiasis, including body mass index (20.84%), body fat percentage (40.3%), waist circumference (44.4%), waist-to-hip ratio (32.9%) and time spent watching television (41.6%); while time spent watching television was also a mediator from cognition (20.4%) and intelligence to cholelithiasis (28.4%). These results above were all robust to sensitivity analyses.
Conclusion
Education, cognition and intelligence all played crucial roles in the development of cholelithiasis, and several cardiometabolic mediators were identified as inferior targets for prevention of cholelithiasis due to defects in each exposure.
Does the decision-making in multidisciplinary tumor board affect the survival of patients with malignancies of the oral cavity?
Authors: Burkhardt Valentin , El-Shabrawi Katharina , Riemann Sarah , Voss Pitt , Becker Christoph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of a pretherapeutic Multidisciplinary Tumor Board (MTB) presentation on the prognosis and treatment outcomes in patients with primary oral cavity carcinoma.
Materials and Methods
This single-center study included 630 patients diagnosed with oral cavity carcinoma treated between 2010 and 2020. The study cohort was divided in a group with and without pretherapeutic MTB presentation. Data on patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment and the time to treatment initiation (TTI) were collected retrospectively.
Results
Primary findings revealed similar 5-Year Survival (5-YS) and 5-years disease free survival in (5-YDFS) both groups, across the UICC stages I-IV, as well as for the entire cohort. The 5-YS was 47.2 months (95% CI: 44.7;49.7) in the non-MTB group and 43 months (CI: 40.7;45.3) in the MTB group (p>0.05). The TTI was significantly longer in the MTB group (33.5 days, CI: 31.3;35.7) compared to the non-MTB group (20.1 days, CI: 17.9;22.4, p<0.001). The MTB group adhered more frequently to the national guidelines (68% vs. 79.6%, p<0.01).
Conclusion
The results demonstrate both positive and negative side effects of the MTB presentation in patients with oral cavity cancer. Further multicenter studies will be required to assess the impact of TTI and adherence to guidelines on the survival of oral cavity cancer patients.
Clinical Relevance
The MTB presentation for patients with oral cavity carcinomas represents a standard practice and an integral part of treatment in cancer centers worldwide. A comprehensive understanding of processes in cancer centers can help to enhance patient treatment and outcomes.
WT1 exon 10 missense variant in a pediatric patient with focal segmental glomerular sclerosis with embryonal hyperplasia
Authors: Kurokawa Mari , Nishimura Manao , Nishiyama Kei , Matsuoka Kentaro , Nagano China , Kaku Yoshitsugu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A 6-year-old boy was diagnosed with chromosomal abnormalities (48,XYY,+21[11]/46,XY[19]) at 4 months of age after a physical examination revealed an undescended testis and a dwarf penis. He also had mild renal dysfunction and severe proteinuria, and renal biopsy at 2 years of age revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Genetic analysis to investigate suspected WT1 gene abnormalities revealed a novel variant in NM_024426.6:exon10:c.1506T>A (p.(Asp502Glu)). His renal function deterioratedrapidly, leading to the induction of peritoneal dialysis at 5 years of age. Although this variant had not been previously reported, bilateral nephrectomy was performed to prevent any progression of the tumor. Histopathology showed all the glomeruli observed within the observation area to be completely sclerotic, while also showing evidence of embryonal hyperplasia. This case was not a hot spot for Denys-Drash syndrome, but it had a similar phenotype and pathology that could have been derived from a WT1 gene abnormality.
Dengue virus infection in Ethiopia, a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nigussie Eshetu , Atlaw Daniel , Negash Getahun , Gezahegn Habtamu , Baresa Girma , Tasew Alelign , Zembaba Demissu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Dengue virus infection is caused by a positive stranded RNA virus called Dengue virus, which is spread by arthropods. It is a fast growing acute febrile disease with potentially lethal consequences that is a global public health problem, mostly in tropical and subtropical countries. In Ethiopia dengue fever is understudied despite the fact that the virus is still being transmitted and viral infection rates are rising. This systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of DENV infection in Ethiopia.
Methods
A literature search was done on PubMed, Hinari and Google Scholar databases to identify studies published before July, 2023. Random effects and fixed effects models were used to estimate pooled prevalence of all the three markers. The Inconsistency Index was used to assess the level of heterogeneity.
Results
A total of 11 articles were included in this review. Majority of the studies had moderate risk of bias and no study had a high risk of bias. A meta-analysis estimated pooled IgG prevalence of 21% (95% CI: 19–23), a pooled prevalence of IgM 9% (95%CI: 4–13) and a pooled DENV-RNA prevalence of 48% (95% CI: 33–62). There is evidence of possible publication bias in IgG but not found in the rest of markers.
Conclusion
The prevalence of DENV infection is high in Ethiopia. Healthcare providers, researchers and policymakers should give more attention to dengue fever.
Genotype by environment interaction influence on functional molecules (tocopherols and sterols) accumulation in sunflower oil
Authors: Hussain Masood , Rauf Saeed , Ortiz Rodomiro , Al-Khayri J. M. , Tauqir Nasir A. , Elbok Safia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Tocopherol and sterol are non-dietary functional molecules in sunflower oil, which act as antioxidants, reduce cholesterol and improve immunity against diseases. The present study was designed to determine tocopherol and sterol contents in 13 high and two low oleic acid sunflower hybrids across two seasons (spring and autumn) and four locations under subtropical conditions of Pakistan with contrasting reproductive phase temperatures. The results showed that tocopherol and sterol contents varied across the seasons and locations. Autumn planting produced high tocopherol content. Moreover, locations under high temperature during reproductive phase negatively affected the sterol and tocopherol contents. High oleic acid hybrids yielded 38% higher tocopherol content than low oleic acid hybrids. High oleic acid hybrids produced higher sterol contents at all locations and seasons. Hybrids such as H4 and H5 are considered stable due to comparatively close values of tocopherol and sterol contents across the four locations when compared with standard checks and other hybrids during spring season as indicated from various stability parameters. Hybrids H8, H4 and H5 also manifested higher magnitude of heterosis for tocopherol and sterol contents that may be due to overdominance gene action. Breeding lines such as B.116.P, B.112.P and RH.365 were positive combiners for the investigated traits, thus likely carrying positive alleles for both tocopherol and sterol traits.
RNA-sequence reveals differentially expressed genes affecting the secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Chen Siyu , Chen Yang , Pan Bing , Zhao Wenjun , Jiang Hong , Chen Jianghua , Zhang Ping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background/aim
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the mechanisms of cell proliferation leading to which has not been fully understood in recent years. And this study investigated the potential genes of tissue proliferation in secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Materials and methods
RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis was conducted to explore the potentially related genes of SHPT. Patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism indicated for surgical parathyroidectomy in our institution were reviewed and the parathyroid glands were removed for RNA-Seq analysis to measure the differential changes of RNA expression. Furthermore, we validated the differential genes expression by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in tissue samples and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the serum of patients with or without SHPT.
Results
Our study identified 24 DEGs by RNA-Seq, among which 16 were upregulated and 8 were downregulated. Through the qRT-PCR, we further found that U2AF1L5, LTBP2, RGN in the hyperplasia group were significantly downregulated and RAP1GAP2 was significantly upregulated compared to the control group. And only Serum U2AF1L5 concentrations in patients with SHPT were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (0.360.27ng/ml vs 0.150.07ng/ml, P<0.05) as ELISA showed.
Conclusion
The genes including LTBP2, RGN, RAP1GAP2 and U2AF1L5 differentially expressed in tissues and serum in patients with SHPT.
VLSI Implementation of Radix Binary Coded Decimal Multiplier using Reversible Logic
Authors: DV Hamirdhavalle , Vijeyakumar K. N. , Prem K.R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In CMOS design, conventional logic design plays a vital role. Even though, irrespective of its many advantages, it lacks efficiency in terms of speed, area, power, and delay leading to much heat dissipation and delay on circuit design. Therefore, in replacement of conventional digital computers, Reversible logic acts as a promising technology that can improve the standard of the circuits in terms of power, speed, area, heat dissipation, lifespan, and input traceability. In this project, we propose a high-speed reversible radix binary-coded decimal multiplier (HS-RBCDM) and a Power Enhanced- High speed reversible binary-coded decimal multiplier (HS-RBCDMPE) each efficient in terms of speed, power and area respectively. In comparison with recent designs, the proposed methodology gives a single gate level architecture for multiple multiplicand generator (MMG) and reversible adder and a Radix-recoder for converting 8221 to 4221 codes for HS-RBCDM that achieves low power dissipation and shifting operation using copying gate instead of MMG for HS-RBCDMPE to achieve high-speed reducing delay in the circuit and area efficiency. The proposed multipliers HS-RBCDM and HS-RBCDMPE is designed with 90- nm ASIC technology using the Cadence EDA tool and is compared with state-of-art reversible BCD algorithm. Performance evaluations of the proposed designs compared with recent proposed methods reveals that the proposed HS-RBCDM multiplier and HS-RBCDMPE achieves 64.9% and 69.6% Area reduction, 51.3% and 71.9% Delay reduction and 52.6% and PDP reduction respectively.
Ppe.RPT/SSC-1: From QTL mapping to a predictive KASP test for ripening time and soluble solids concentration in peach
Authors: Linge Cassia Silva , Fu Wanfang , Calle Alejandro , Rawandoozi Zena , Cai Lichun , Byrne David H. , Worthington Margaret , Gasic Ksenija 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Genomic regions associated with ripening time (RPT) and soluble solids concentration (SSC) were mapped using a pedigreed population including multiple F1 and F2 families from the Clemson University peach breeding program (CUPBP). RPT and SSC QTLs were consistently identified in two seasons (2011 and 2012) and the average datasets (average of two seasons). A target region spanning 10,981,971 − 11,298,736 bp on chromosome 4 of peach reference genome used for haplotype analysis revealed four haplotypes with significant differences in trait values among different diplotype combinations. Favorable alleles at the target region for both RPT and SSC were determined and a DNA test for predicting RPT and SSC was developed. Two Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) assays were validated on 84 peach cultivars and 163 seedlings from the CUPBP, with only one assay (Ppe.RPT/SSC-1) needed to predict between early and late-season ripening cultivars and low and high SSC. These results advance our understanding of the genetic basis of RPT and SSC and facilitate selection of new peach cultivars with the desired RPT and SSC.
Synthesis, molecular docking, and anticancer effect of newly synthesized 2- (thiophen-2-yl)-1H-indole derivatives: suppression of HCT-116 Cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and downregulation of miR-25, C-Myc and IL-6
Authors: Abdelazeem Nagwa M. , Gouhar Shaimaa A. , Fahmy Cinderella A. , Elshahid Zeinab A. , El-Hussieny Marwa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the present study, we prepared new sixteen different derivatives. The first series were prepared (methylene)bis(2-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-indole) derivatives which have (indole and thiophene rings) by excellent yield from the reaction (2 mmol) 2-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-indole and (1 mmol) from aldehyde. The second series were synthesized (2-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl) methyl) aniline derivatives by at a relatively low yield from multicomponent reaction of three components 2-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-indole, N-methylaniline and desired aldehydes. The anticancer effect of the newly synthesized derivatives was determined against different cancers, colon, lung, breast and skin. The counter screening was done against normal Epithelial cells (RPE-1). The effect on cell cycle and mechanisms underlying the antitumor effect were also studied. The initial single dose (100µg/ml) testing for all new compounds against this panel of 5 human tumor cell lines indicated that the compounds under investigation exhibited selective cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cell line and compounds (4g, 4a, 4c) showed potent anticancer activity against HCT-116 cell line with an IC50 values of 3.566, 5.087, 6.183 µg/ml respectively. Also, the active derivatives caused cell cycle arrest at the S and G2/M phase with significant(p < 0.0001) increase in the expression levels of tumor suppressors miR-30C, and miR-107 and a tremendous decrease in oncogenic miR-25, IL-6 and C-Myc levels. It is to conclude that the anticancer activity could be through direct interaction with tumor cell DNA like S-phase-dependent chemotherapy drugs. Which can interact with DNA or block DNA synthesis such as doxorubicin, cisplatin, or 5-fluorouracil and which were highly effective in killing the cancer cells. This data ensures the efficiency of the 3 analogues on inducing cell cycle arrest and preventing cancer cell growth. The altered expressions explained the molecular mechanisms through which the newly synthesized analogues exert their anticancer action.