bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exoplanet detection limits using spectral cross-correlation with spectro-imaging
Authors: Bidot A. , Mouillet D. , Carlotti A. 
Published: November 2023

Context. The combination of high-contrast imaging and medium- to high-resolution spectroscopy offers new possibilities for the detection and characterization of exoplanets. The so-called molecular mapping technique makes use of the difference between the planetary and stellar spectra. While traditional post-processing techniques for high-contrast imaging are quickly limited by speckle noise at short angular separations, we find that molecular mapping efficiently suppresses speckles and offers new detection possibilities.
Aims. The molecular mapping performance depends on multiple parameters such as the star magnitude, adaptive optics residual halo, companion spectrum, and telluric absorption, as well as the telescope and instrument properties. Exploring such a parameter space through end-to-end simulations to predict potential science cases and to optimize future instruments designs is very time-consuming and makes it difficult to draw simple conclusions. We propose quantifying the signal of interest and the noise that propagates in molecular mapping, with explicit dependencies upon the main stellar, planetary, and instrument parameters to define an efficient methodology for such an analysis.
Methods. We derived explicit expressions of the estimates of molecular mapping signal and noise and validated them through comparisons with end-to-end simulations. These expressions provide an understanding of the instrumental dependencies, aiding in the discussion of optimal instrumental choices with regard to the targets of interest. We applied them to the case of the ELT/HARMONI integral field spectrograph as an online tool predicting the contrast performance in various observational cases.
Results. We confirm the potential of molecular mapping for high-contrast detections, especially for cool planets at short separations. We provide guidelines based on quantified estimates for design trade-offs for future instruments. We discuss the planet detection performance of the HARMONI observing modes, with a spectral resolution varying from 3000 to 17 000 and and a range of corresponding spectral bandwidths in the near infrared. While these modes aptly cover the appropriate requirements for high detection capability of warm exoplanets, the high-contrast mode of HARMONI would benefit from a transmission extended down to the J band. A contrast of a few 10−7 at 50 mas should be within reach for bright targets in a photon noise regime with molecular mapping.
Cosmology from LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey Data Release 2: Cross-correlation with the cosmic microwave background
Authors: Nakoneczny S. J. , Alonso D. , Bilicki M. , Schwarz D. J. , Hale C. L. , Pollo A. , Heneka C. , Tiwari P. , Zheng J. , Brüggen M. , Jarvis M. J. , Shimwell T. W. 
Published: November 2023

Aims. We combined the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) second data release (DR2) catalogue with gravitational lensing maps from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) to place constraints on the bias evolution of LoTSS-detected radio galaxies, and on the amplitude of matter perturbations.Methods. We constructed a flux-limited catalogue from LoTSS DR2, and analysed its harmonic-space cross-correlation with CMB lensing maps fromPlanck,Cℓgk, as well as its auto-correlation,Cℓgg. We explored the models describing the redshift evolution of the large-scale radio galaxy bias, discriminating between them through the combination of bothCℓgkandCℓgg. Fixing the bias evolution, we then used these data to place constraints on the amplitude of large-scale density fluctuations, parametrised byσ8.Results. We report the significance of theCℓgksignal at a level of 26.6σ. We determined that a linear bias evolution of the formbg(z) =bg,D/D(z), whereD(z) is the growth rate, is able to provide a good description of the data, and we measuredbg,D= 1.41 ± 0.06 for a sample that is flux limited at 1.5 mJy, for scalesℓ< 250 forCℓgg, andℓ< 500 forCℓgk. At the sample’s median redshift, we obtainedb(z= 0.82) = 2.34 ± 0.10. Usingσ8as a free parameter, while keeping other cosmological parameters fixed to thePlanckvalues, we found fluctuations of σ8= 0.75−0.04+0.05. The result is in agreement with weak lensing surveys, and at 1σdifference withPlanckCMB constraints. We also attempted to detect the late-time-integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect with LOFAR data; however, with the current sky coverage, the cross-correlation with CMB temperature maps is consistent with zero. Our results are an important step towards constraining cosmology with radio continuum surveys from LOFAR and other future large radio surveys.
Ophthalmology Residency Program Director Survey on Pass/Fail U.S. Medical Licensing Exam Step 1 Scoring
Authors: Fujihashi Ayaka , Patel Om U. , Yadav Ishant , Burge Kaitlin , Haynes William , Zaniewski Ryan , Wagoner Nicholas Van , Grant Maria B. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Beginning January 26, 2022, the U.S. Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 1 changed from a numerical score to pass/fail (P/F). The purpose of this study was to determine the perspective of ophthalmology program directors regarding this change in evaluating applicants.
Methods After institutional review board approval, a survey was sent out to program directors of all 125 ophthalmology programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Survey questions asked for program demographics, the utility of USMLE Step 1 and 2 Clinical Knowledge scores in assessing applicants, and the importance of 16 different applicant metrics before and after Step 1 becomes P/F. The metrics examined were: letters of recommendation; clerkship grades; class ranking; Alpha Omega Alpha Membership; Gold Humanism Honor Society Membership; Dean's Letter; involvement and leadership; personal statement; number of abstracts, presentations, and publications; mean number of research experiences in the specialty; Step 2 Clinical Knowledge score; volunteering; preclinical grades; away rotation in the specialty; the applicant having another graduate degree; and graduation from a top 40 National Institutes of Health-funded program. Data were analyzed using nonoverlapping 95% confidence intervals.
Results The survey was completed by 50 (40%) program directors. Sixty-eight percent of respondents stated a student's ranking would be considered more after USMLE Step 1 scores become P/F, and 60% stated medical schools should share clerkship shelf exam scores with residency programs. There were no significant differences in program directors' rankings of applicant metrics following the transition to P/F Step 1.
Conclusion Based on our data, program directors will likely not place a greater emphasis on Step 2 scores, despite it being the only remaining objective measure for all applicants following the switch to a P/F Step 1. Nevertheless, program directors expressed an interest in receiving other objective measures, such as shelf exam scores and class ranking, as part of the application process. Notably, we found no significant changes in the rankings of various applicant metrics before and after the transition to P/F Step 1, indicating that the metrics that were important to program directors prior to the change remain just as critical in the new era of admissions.
Protection of rights and legal remedies for surrogate mothers in China
Authors: Zhao Yue 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSurrogacy has grown significantly as an underground industry in China over the last two decades. Accordingly, an increasing number of surrogate mothers are being bound by surrogacy contracts. As surrogacy contracts are unregulated in China, the contractual obligations of surrogacy may cause serious harm to surrogate mothers due to the infringement of their rights and increased risk of injury. Sociocultural concerns and financial considerations have made surrogate mothers hesitant to seek legal remedies. Additionally, gaps in the legislative and judicial rules make it difficult for surrogate mothers to receive sufficient compensation after suffering injuries. This study examines the infringement of the rights of surrogate mothers and potential injuries to them during surrogacy transactions and contract fulfillment. Furthermore, it presents the current legal framework of surrogacy regulation and remedies for preserving the rights of surrogate mothers. The causes of the current dilemma of protecting rights are analyzed, and regulative and legislative suggestions for preventing injury and providing legal remedies are offered.
Frauen in Wirtschaft und Politik der griechisch-römischen Antike
Authors: Schäfer Christoph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to deal with the role of
women in Hellenistic and Roman societies in general, both in the private and
public spheres. In doing so, the author focuses on specific examples, drawn mainly
from literary and epigraphic sources, in conjunction with specifically
juridical texts.
Consent in Greek and Roman marriage
Authors: Calzada González Mª Aránzazu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The final mention in Achilles Thacius’ story “Leucippe
and Clitophon" of the paternal decision for the daughter to marry allows us
to compare nuptial consent in Greek and Roman law, as well as the different
legal consideration of the bride’s will in each of them.
The reality of women in ancient popular literature
Authors: Karla Grammatiki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The paper centers around the methodological question of
whether “open texts” could be viewed as representing an image of
extra-textual reality at a certain point in time. Assuming a positive answer
to the question, it then proceeds to investigate, as a case study, the role
of three women in the Alexander Romance, namely that of
Olympias, Rodogoune and Candace. Curiously enough, the representation of
Olympias in the work is in stark contrast with her depiction in
historiographical sources (e.g. Plutarch, Arrian, Diodorus, Justin), as well
as with the representation of the other two female characters of the
Romance. One way to interpret this incongruity is to
attribute it to a narrative technique aiming to present Alexander as a
completely independent heroic character, without human weaknesses. On the
other hand, the depiction of women in the Romance can be
related to the assumed author’s social standing and stereotypes, and
probably reflects quite faithfully the reality of the majority of women of
the period.
Algunos aspectos de la mujer en la hagiografía bizantina
Authors: Cavallero Pablo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Women feature prominently in hagiography, either as
authors or as protagonists or minor characters. Their social, economic, and
cultural condition vary greatly in these works as well as their work and
family situations. This diversity seems to be a reflection of “reality”,
even in stories that aim at moral and spiritual development. Women occur
both in private and public contexts and in both instances they may reach
holiness, even though some circumstances require a supposedly manly
strength. Women’s potentialities and values are depicted in a positive light
by hagiography.
De opere illicito
Authors: Puche López Carmen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper we have analyzed a miracle of Saint Andrew
that Iacobus de Voragine included in his Legenda aurea (LA,
II §§ 58–75). In this miracle, the motif of the trial for incest appears,
together with the motif of Potiphar. We put it in relation to a story
contained in Apuleius’ Metamorphoses (X, 2–12), since both
stories share many common elements. Our comparative analysis reveals how the
hagiographic story draws on certain novelistic elements and adapts them,
giving them a new meaning to highlight the power of the saint.
Semejanzas y diferencias entre las heroínas de la novela griega antigua y
en la tradición sánscrita del Ramayana
Authors: Ballesteros Castañeda Blanca 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, I present the common context of Kallirhoe
in Charito of Aphrodisias’ Kallirhoe with Sita,
Rama’s wife in the Ramayana. The ancient Greek novel and
the Sanskrit epic share several passages with Greek novel: the marriage,
maybe an adultery, the lost of the husband or lover, the abduction by
another man and the slanders from other women or citizens that marks the
moral of the moment, the rumours that shake the marriage or relationship or
the fight for power. But everything ends happily because the power of their
love.
Spectral number of 3-Bernoulli convolutions on
R
and Sierpinski-type measures on
R2
Authors: Fu Xiao-Ye , Yan Zhi-Hui , Zhu Meng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let

μ

R
,

D

be a class of Sierpinski-type measures generated by a pair

(
R
,

D

)

, where

R
=

b
1

0

0

b
2

with

b
i

∈

R

and

b

i

>
1
,
i
=
1
,
2

and

D

=

0
0

,

1
0

,

0
1

. And let µ

b
be the 3-Bernoulli convolutions on

R

determined by the pair

(
b
,
{
0
,
1
,
2
}
)

with

1
<
b
∈

R

. It has been shown that

μ

R
,

D

and µ

b
admit an infinitely many exponential mutually orthogonal system if and only if

b
i

=

3

k
i

q
i

r
i

with

gcd
(

q
i

,
3

k
i

)
=
1

,

i
=
1
,
2

and

b
=

3
k

q

r

with

gcd
(
3
k
,
q
)
=
1

respectively. In this paper, we will study the maximal number of exponentials of orthogonal sets of

L
2

(

μ

R
,

D

)

and

L
2

(

μ
b

)

which we call the spectral number of

μ

R
,

D

or µ

b
. In view of the connection of orthogonality between Sierpinski-type measures

μ

R
,

D

on

R

2

and 3-Bernoulli convolutions µ

b
on

R

, we study the spectral number of µ

b
according to the cut-off point

b
=

3
k

q

r

. Based on the results for µ

b
, we give a classification on the spectral number of all Sierpinski-type measures

μ

R
,

D

except for the case that at least one

b
i

∉

Q

and it is not in the form of

p
i

q
i

r
i

with

gcd
(

p
i

,

q
i

)
=
1

. In addition, we provide a structure theorem on the exponential orthogonal sets in

L
2

(

μ

R
,

D

)

for

b
i

=

3

k
i

q
i

r
i

,

i
=
1
,
2

and at least one

b
i

=

p
i

3

k
i

r
i

and that in

L
2

(

μ
b

)

for

b
=

3
k

q

r

and

b
=

p

3
k

r

. To the end, we give an explicit representation on the maximal orthogonal set of exponentials for a class of Moran measures µ

w
by defining a mixed tree map over a symbol space. As an application, all maximal orthogonal sets of exponentials of

μ

R
,

D

with the rational

R
=

3

k
1

q
1

0

0

3

k
2

q
2

can be explicitly expressed. This result improves the characterization of maximal orthogonal set of exponentials for the integral matrix

R
=

3

k
1

0

0

3

k
2

to that for the rational matrix

R
=

3

k
1

q
1

0

0

3

k
2

q
2

.
Pulse-adding of temporal dissipative solitons: resonant homoclinic points and the orbit flip of case B with delay
Authors: Giraldo Andrus , Ruschel Stefan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We numerically investigate the branching of temporally localised, two-pulse solutions from one-pulse periodic solutions with non-oscillating tails in delay differential equations (DDEs) with large delay. Solutions of this type are commonly referred to as temporal dissipative solitons (TDSs) (Yanchuk et al 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett.
123 53901) in applications, and we adopt this term here. We show by means of a prototypical example that—analogous to travelling pulses in reaction–diffusion partial differential equations (Yanagida 1987 J. Differ. Equ.
66 243–62)—the branching of two-pulse TDSs from one-pulse TDSs with non-oscillating tails is organised by codimension-two homoclinic bifurcation points of a real saddle equilibrium (Homburg and Sandstede 2010 Handbook of Dynamical Systems Elsevier) in a corresponding profile equation. We consider a generalisation of Sandstede’s model (Sandstede 1997 J. Dyn. Differ. Equ.
9 269–88) (a prototypical model for studying codimension-two homoclinic bifurcation points in ordinary differential equations) with an additional time-shift parameter, and use Auto07p (Doedel 1981 Congr. Numer.
30 265–84; Doedel and Oldeman 2010 AUTO-07P: Continuation and Bifurcation Software for Ordinary Differential Equations Concordia University) and DDE-BIFTOOL (Sieber et al 2014 arXiv:1406.7144) to compute numerically the unfolding of these bifurcation points in the resulting DDE. We then interpret this model as the profile equation for TDSs in a DDE with large delay by exploiting the reappearance of periodic solutions in DDEs (Yanchuk and Perlikowski 2009 Phys. Rev. E 79 046221). In doing so, we identify both the non-orientable resonant homoclinic bifurcation and the orbit flip bifurcation of case B as organising centres for the existence of two-pulse TDSs in the DDE with large delay. We study the bifurcation curves emanating from these codimension-two points beyond a local neighbourhood in parameter space. In this way, we are able to discuss how folds of homoclinic bifurcations in an extended system bound the existence region of TDSs in the DDE with large delay. We also discuss the relation between a reduced multivalued-map (in the limit of infinite delay) and the existence of TDSs.
Population genomics of the Isoetes appalachiana (Isoetaceae) complex supports a ‘diploids-first’ approach to conservation
Authors: Wickell David , Landis Jacob , Zimmer Elizabeth , Li Fay-Wei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Allopolyploidy is an important driver of diversification and a key contributor to genetic novelty across the tree of life. However, many studies have questioned the importance of extant polyploid lineages, suggesting that the vast majority may constitute evolutionary ‘dead ends’. This has important implications for conservation efforts where polyploids and diploid progenitors often compete for wildlife management resources. Isoetes appalachiana is an allotetraploid that is broadly distributed throughout the eastern USA alongside its diploid progenitors, I. valida and I. engelmannii. As such, this species complex provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the processes that underpin the formation and survival of allopolyploid lineages.

Methods
Here we utilized RADseq and whole-chloroplast sequencing to unravel the demographic and evolutionary history of hybridization in this widespread species complex. We developed a modified protocol for phasing RADseq loci from an allopolyploid in order to examine each progenitor’s genetic contribution independently in a phylogenetic context. Additionally, we conducted population-level analyses to examine genetic diversity and evidence of gene flow within species.

Key Results
Isoetes appalachiana is the product of multiple phylogenetic origins, suggesting that formation and establishment of allopolyploids are common in this group. Hybridization appears to be unidirectional, with I. engelmannii consistently being the maternal progenitor. Additionally, we find that polyploid lineages are genetically isolated, rarely if ever experiencing gene flow between geographically distinct populations.

Conclusions
Allopolyploid lineages of I. appalachiana appear to form frequently and experience a high degree of genetic isolation following formation. Thus, our results appear to corroborate the hypothesis that the vast majority of recently formed polyploids may represent evolutionary dead ends. However, this does not necessarily lessen the evolutionary importance or ecological impact of polyploidy per se. Accordingly, we propose a conservation strategy that prioritizes diploid taxa, thus preserving downstream processes that recurrently generate allopolyploid diversity.
Differential Viral Dynamics by Sex and Body Mass Index During Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Results From a Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Herbert Carly , Manabe Yukari C , Filippaios Andreas , Lin Honghuang , Wang Biqi , Achenbach Chad , Kheterpal Vik , Hartin Paul , Suvarna Thejas , Harman Emma , Stamegna Pamela , Rao Lokinendi V , Hafer Nathaniel , Broach John , Luzuriaga Katherine , Fitzgerald Katherine A , McManus David D , Soni Apurv 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
There is evidence of an association of severe coroanavirus disease (COVID-19) outcomes with increased body mass index (BMI) and male sex. However, few studies have examined the interaction between sex and BMI on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral dynamics.

Methods
Participants conducted RT-PCR testing every 24–48 hours over a 15-day period. Sex and BMI were self-reported, and Ct values from E-gene were used to quantify viral load. Three distinct outcomes were examined using mixed-effects generalized linear models, linear models, and logistic models, respectively: all Ct values (model 1), nadir Ct value (model 2), and strongly detectable infection (at least 1 Ct value ≤28 during their infection) (model 3). An interaction term between BMI and sex was included, and inverse logit transformations were applied to quantify the differences by BMI and sex using marginal predictions.

Results
In total, 7988 participants enrolled in this study and 439 participants (model 1) and 309 (models 2 and 3) were eligible for these analyses. Among males, increasing BMI was associated with lower Ct values in a dose-response fashion. For participants with BMIs greater than 29 kg/m2, males had significantly lower Ct values and nadir Ct values than females. In total, 67.8% of males and 55.3% of females recorded a strongly detectable infection; increasing proportions of men had Ct values &lt;28 with BMIs of 35 and 40 kg/m2.

Conclusions
We observed sex-based dimorphism in relation to BMI and COVID-19 viral load. Further investigation is needed to determine the cause, clinical impact, and transmission implications of this sex-differential effect of BMI on viral load.
Exploration of a Novel Noninvasive Prenatal Testing Approach for Monogenic Disorders Based on Fetal Nucleated Red Blood Cells
Authors: Li Xiaoge , Zhang Dejun , Zhao Xing , Huang Shasha , Han Mingyu , Wang Guojian , Li Yingzhuo , Kang Dongyang , Zhang Xin , Dai Pu , Yuan Yongyi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Due to technical issues related to cell-specific capture methods, amplification, and sequencing, noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) based on fetal nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) has rarely been used for the detection of monogenic disorders.

Methods
Maternal peripheral blood was collected from 11 families with hereditary hearing loss. After density gradient centrifugation and cellular immunostaining for multiple biomarkers, candidate individual fetal cells were harvested by micromanipulation and amplified by whole-genome amplification (WGA). Whole-exome sequencing/whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and Sanger sequencing were performed on the identified fNRBCs to determine the fetal genotype. The impact of single-cell and pooled WGA products on the sequencing quality and results was compared. A combined analysis strategy, encompassing whole-exome sequencing/WGS, haplotype analysis, and Sanger sequencing, was used to enhance the NIPT results.

Results
fNRBCs were harvested and identified in 81.8% (9/11) of families. The results of cell-based-NIPT (cb-NIPT) were consistent with those of invasive prenatal diagnosis in 8 families; the coincidence rate was 88.9% (8/9). The combined analysis strategy improved the success of cb-NIPT. The overall performance of pooled WGA products was better than that of individual cells. Due to a lack of alternative fetal cells or sufficient sequencing data, cb-NIPT failed in 3 families.

Conclusions
We developed a novel fNRBC-based NIPT method for monogenic disorders. By combining multiple analysis strategies and multiple fetal cell WGA products, the problem of insufficient genome information in a single cell was remedied. Our method has promising prospects in the field of NIPT for the detection of monogenic disorders.