bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentrations of Amino Acids and their Concerned with some Blood and Milk Contents of Awassi Ewes
Authors: Obeyes H H , Mehdi L A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Nineteen ewes with single and twins birth were used to study the correlation between amino acids concentration and contents of milk (fat, protein, and nonfat solid materials) with contents of blood (WBC, RBC, PCV, HB concentration, total protein and Triglyceride). The results showed significant differences (p<0.05) in levels of amino acids in the age 2.5 years as compared with 3.5 years (4.13±0.12) mg/100 ml, (3.89±0.01) mg/100 ml, respectively. Increase levels of white blood cells and packed cell volume in both ewe’s twins and single birth. Significant differences (p<0.05) in total protein concentration in ewes with twins birth51.57±0.59 dl/g as compared with single bird. There were no significant differences (p<0.05) in (red blood cell, hemoglobin concentration and triglyceride). the results proved significant differences (p<0.05) in minerals (calcium, magnesium, zinc and phosphore) in ewes of both births single and twins. there were significant differences (p<0.05) in milk fat of ewes with twin’s birth than single birth.
Manufacture of Edible Films from Wheat Germ Protein and Study of its Mechanical Properties
Authors: Hussien S A , Morgab M A H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this study, oil free wheat germ protein (DWGP) was extracted and purified by extraction at pH 9.5 and precipitation at pH 4.0. Its nutritional and functional properties were then evaluated. Microwave drying or room temperature circumstances were used to dry edible films made of (DWGP) isolate. The films needed to cure for 5 minutes in a microwave and 18 hours at room temperature. We measured the consumable coatings’ water vapor permeability (WVP), mechanical, characteristics, glitter, and haziness. The findings showed that while the temperature had an impact on the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), the water vapor pressure (WVP) did not. Both microwave and room temperature drying for the WVP provided equivalent results. With the use of the microwave, the values for elongation and tensile strength increased.
Utilization of Nano-Form Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals and their Significance in Health Boosting and the COVID-19’s Challenge
Authors: Abdulqahar F W , Hussein F F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Despite current developments in combinatorial sciences and high-throughput screening techniques, natural products are still critical components of pharmacopoeias. Currently, there is a global trend towards the usage of the alternative and complementary medicines. Unfortunately, there is a lack in clinical studies comparing the efficacy of conventional therapy and alternative therapies in this regard. Due to the difficulties of traditional medicines’ registrations with legislative offices, and ensuring of quality, safety, and efficacy concerns. This matter has alternatively created a new category of natural products that gives benign health effects beyond diet but before drugs, with less legislation restrictions. This article highlights the rise of nutraceuticals and functional foods, which are foods containing physiologically effective ingredients that afford additional health assistances beyond basic nutrition. The article defines dietary supplements, functional foods, and nutraceuticals and distinguishes between them. The article also discusses the potential advantages of nanoform functional foods and nutraceuticals, such as reducing the risk of chronic and diet-related diseases, and the challenges associated with their regulation. Additionally, this article discussed examples of functional foods and nutraceuticals served as health boosters for COVID-19’s pandemic. Overall, the article emphasizes the need for increased knowledge sharing and collaboration in the development and regulation of traditional and alternative medicines and functional foods.
The Impact of Economic Policies on the Hunger Index as a Criterion for Food Security in Iraq for the Period (2004-2020)
Authors: Hamad M F , Khalaf M A , Daraj A A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Food security is one of the most important priorities of economic systems in all its forms. Therefore, the level of achievement of this goal is monitored through appropriate indicators, including the hunger index as one of the globally approved indicators, in addition to that this indicator is in line with other indicators used globally such as the undernourishment indicator. and general food security index (GFSI), and the economic systems differed in their ways of dealing with the problem of food security, and the economic policies pursued by the systems are considered one of the important tools in achieving food security, and the hunger index It was measured in Iraq for the period (2004-2020) and it was found that there are percentages ranging between (22-27%) who suffer from food insecurity in Iraq during the study period, and the model of (ARDL) to analyse the impact of various economic policies (public spending, transfer expenditures, interest rate, the general level of prices, as well as the values of exports and imports) during the study period on the food security index, and it was found that public spending did not have the desired effect on food security, as it was found that the index was increasing with the increase in spending This may be due to poor planning of public spending, as well as levels of inefficiency in implementation and allocation, while it was found that transformational expenditures have a positive impact on food security, as it was found that the relative increase in transformational expenditures by (1%) is accompanied by a decrease in the hunger deficiency index by (0.14%), and it was It was found that the interest rate and the price index had direct effects on the undernourishment index, which are results that are in line with the logic of economic theory, and exports and imports had a positive effect, meaning that they reduce the hunger index in Iraq.
The above-ground biomass model of mangrove forest in Panai Hilir, Indonesia
Authors: Samsuri  , Pasaribu SN , Zaitunah A , Ahmad AG , Yunasfi  , Dalimunthe A , Sulistioadi JB 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Mangrove forest is one of the forests with high biomass storage in the tropics besides mainland forests. The mangrove ecosystem has an ecological function as a carbon reducer through a sequestration process (C-sequestration). One technique that can be used to calculate biomass is the use of remote sensing technology using satellite imagery and the application of transformation of the vegetation index. This study aims to obtain the best biomass equation model from several vegetation indices, analyze the estimated biomass value from Landsat 8 imagery in 2022, and map the distribution of the estimated distribution of average above-ground biomass of mangrove forest in Panai Hilir using Landsat 7 imagery and Landsat 8 in 2002 and 2022. This study used a systematic sampling method with a random start with 70 plots. Biomass calculations are carried out using allometric equations. Modeling uses the dependent variable (biomass) and the independent variable (vegetation index). The vegetation indices used are NDVI, GNDVI, and TDVI. The results of this study showed that the chosen equation model was the GNDVI (Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) linear equation model y = 11, 479x – 2,5569 with r2 of 0,404. The average distribution of above-ground biomass of mangrove vegetation at research sites 2002 was 109,66 tons/ha, with the highest biomass distribution being 200,48 tons/ha. The average above-ground biomass content of mangrove vegetation at the research location in 2022 is 98,28 tons/ha, with the highest biomass distribution of 213,10 tons/ha. In calculations using the selected model and index, in 2022, a total estimated average biomass was obtained of 405,52 tons/ha.
Potential of aren (Arenga pinnata) in KHDTK Hasanuddin University Educational Forest, Rompegading Village, Cenrana District, Maros Regency
Authors: Mujetahid A , Faradiba Muin AV , Wulan Sri 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
. This study aims to determine the distribution potential of palm trees and the potential for palm sap production in the Palanro KHDTK Area of Hasanuddin University Educational Forest, Rompegading Village, Cenrana District, Maros Regency. This research uses an approach method participative. Based on the research results, it is known that the people of the Palanro area make the greatest utilization of the male flower parts, namely tapping the sap water for the manufacture of palm sugar. The Palanro area has an area of 46.70 ha with 9 plots of tapping areas in it. The distribution pattern of aren palms in the Palanro area is spread at an altitude of 500-600 meters above sea level and grows wild in the cliff area. It found 1,119 palm trees that had not been tapped, 260 trees were temporarily tapped and 6 trees were not tapped. The sap produced is an average of 47.5 liters/day, one palm tree can produce 8.75 liters/tree, with an average number of trees tapped which is 5 trees/day, and produces an average weight of brown sugar of 1.5 kg/shell.
Level of Participation of Conservation Partners in the Health Management of Conservation Forests (Case Study in the Tahura War Utilization Block)
Authors: Tapasya Sepia , Safe’i Rahmat , Tsani Machya Kartika 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park utilization block (TAHURA WAR) is one of the blocks utilized by the community around the forest through a conservation partnership. Until now, the level of participation of conservation partner members in managing the health of conservation forests has been low. The aim of the study was to determine the level of participation of members of conservation partners in managing the health of conservation forests. The research method used was interviewing 30 members of conservation partners and analyzing interview data using a Likert scale. The results showed that the level of participation of partner members in managing the health of conservation forests was, namely, 47% (moderate), the implementation was 57% (low), the maintenance was 43% (high), the utilization was 53% (moderate), and the protection was 53% (moderate). 50% (high). In the 5 stages of conservation forest health management, there are 2 stages in the high category and 2 stages in the medium category. This is because the involvement of conservation partner members in each stage plays quite an active role. Thus, the participation level of conservation partner members in the management of conservation forest health is in the moderate category (43-57%).
Monitoring Land Surface Temperature in the Karajae Watershed as an influential ecosystem for Pare-Pare City
Authors: Chairil A , Nursaputra Munajat , Ramdani Yunus Furqan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Temperature is an indicator that is often used to assess environmental conditions in an area because it affects food and air resources, hydrology, and all ecosystems on earth. Monitoring the temperature conditions of an area is also carried out from time to time to see trends that occur. Land surface temperature monitoring using remote sensing which has spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and spectral resolution. Monitoring is only in urban areas without looking at the surrounding conditions. However, temperature is influenced by several factors such as geographic location, position relative to the sun, altitude, and biophysical conditions such as land. This study looks at changes in land surface temperature in the Karajae watershed area as an ecosystem that affects urban areas, Pare-Pare City or vice versa. Analysis of land surface temperature monitoring using remote sensing methods in the form of multi-temporal Landsat Imagery data 2004-2021. The land image displays changes in land surface temperature with a single channel algorithm. In addition, land images are the basis for analyzing land cover changes which are the basis for estimating land surface temperature changes with normalized fractional vegetation cover relationships. The results show that changes in land cover must occur, which are estimated to be twice as large in the future. Settlements have experienced a very large increase in area, while the closure of forest land and dry agricultural land has experienced a reduction in area which will cause disruption to ecosystems and food. The trend of increasing land surface temperature continues to increase every period. The increase in settlements as built-up land, rice fields, dry land agriculture as a form of community activity causes an increase in land surface temperature. In addition, agricultural activities have an influence on increasing land surface temperatures in vegetated land cover. Indirectly, the city of Pare-Pare has an impact on increasing land surface temperatures in the upstream area of the Karajae watershed. This is a concern in the future, if urban activities, transportation, to industrial activities are much faster, and will cause a greater increase in land surface temperature.
Inoculation strategies for agarwood-producing species in Asia: A systematic review
Authors: Lloren Regie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Agarwood is a highly valued non-timber product naturally grown in South and Southeast Asian countries and is a valuable ingredient of incense, perfume, and medicines. It is a highly protected tree species and a lucrative investment for cultivation and production due to its high price. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the different inoculation strategies and examined the available agarwood-producing species in the literature. The published articles were extracted from the Web of Science database of the initial search of 184 records. Articles were screened according to the title, abstract and full text. A total of 37 eligible articles were qualified for review. Data extracted were synthesized and analyzed by vote counting, frequency count, and percentages, as well as figures and tables. Results revealed that the oldest article in the review was from 2005, and the most recent article was from 2022. China was the highest number of publications as of 2022. Among agarwood-producing species, Aquilaria sinenses was the widely utilized specimen for agarwood experiments, while Aquilaria malaccensis was the country-diverse species in the review. Further, fungal inoculation was the most widely used as agarwood inoculation strategy. Finally, this review highlighted the need for further agarwood studies.
Morphological Characteristics and Potential of Acacia Biomass (Acacia auriculiformis) in The Educational Forest of Hasanuddin University
Authors: Iswanto  , Restu Muhammad , Zulkifli Kariming Mohammad Reza 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Acacia (Acacia auriculiformis) is a non-tolerant tree species and has a high Biomass potential. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphological characteristics and potential of Acacia Biomass in Hasanuddin University Educational Forest. The samples observed in this study were leaves, stems and bark, as well as measurement of the potential of Biomass with Allometric estimation, then further analysis such as correlation analysis and cluster analysis. Based on the results of this study, the morphological characteristics of acacia were obtained with cluster grouping consisting of 2 clusters and further divided into 4 sub-clusters with the highest difference in the sub-clusters found in sample P26 and the highest estimated value and Biomass potential were found in P26, namely 208.71 kg and 4.52 tons/ha while the lowest was at P5, namely 20.93 kg and 0.54 tons/ha. This study shows the value of Biomass estimation and potential biomass and which is quite high in Acacia stands in Hasanuddin University Educational Forest with an average estimation value and Biomass potential that varies in each sample or tree.
Development of an energy prediction model for residential buildings using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Nainwal Rajat , Sharma Aniket 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A model has been developed in this study for predicting the energy consumption of residential building sector using Artificial Neural Network. This model was based on the Multi-Layer Perceptron architecture using feed-forward back propagation algorithm for training. The Levenberg-Marquardt function and the Gradient Descent with momentum function were used as training and learning function, respectively. The mean squared error was used to check the overall performance of the developed model. Trials were performed to finalize the number of hidden layers required for the model. Regression analysis was done between the predicted and actual data to validate the proposed ANN model. The prediction for the same dataset was also performed using the traditional trend extrapolation method, and the predicted results of both were compared with the actual energy consumption data recorded by the electricity regulatory authority of the state. It has been concluded that the accuracy of predicted data using the proposed model was very high (i.e., of 99.54%) as compared to the traditionally used TEM (i.e., 91.07%). MSE achieved for the ANN model was 0.01767% and that of TEM was 0.13115%. The outcome of this study can be used at building level to achieve energy efficiency by predicting the energy consumption and at the level of distribution companies to predict the overall energy demand by the respective sector, and take measures accordingly.
Effects Of Fins on The Performance of Vertical Alignment Cross-Flow Whirlybird Hydrokinetic Turbine
Authors: Bhagat Ravindra , Kumar Dinesh , Sarkar Shibayan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The hydrokinetic turbine (HKT) is used to transforms the energy available in fluid flow to mechanical energy. Its operational concept is akin to wind turbines. In contrast, HKTs possess the ability to generate greater torque as compare to wind turbines, obligations to the density of water is higher. In this study, a numerical analysis performed to assess the effects of fins on the performance of vertical alignment cross-flow whirlybird HKT. By the use of numerical method various outputs namely torque, torque coefficient (Ct), power and power coefficient (Cp) are estimated at different tip speed ratio. Further, the flow patterns are represented by velocity and pressure contour. Subsequently, the comparisons of torque and power coefficient are made for different numbers of fins (2, 3 and 4) as well as without any fins and further, the maximum power coefficient is observed as 0.275 at 2 numbers of fins.
Thermal Performance Evaluation of Vernacular Houses: A Case of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Ridima , Sharma Vandna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Vernacular buildings are well known for their climate-responsive and sustainable behavior. Solar Passive approaches used in them enhance the thermal performance of the interiors. The entire functionality of an interior space is influenced by the thermal comfort of those working in the built area. The current study emphasizes the evaluation of the thermal performance of the old slate-roofed mud houses in the hilly regions of Himachal Pradesh. The field study entails measuring environmental parameters on 35 houses in each of the state’s sub-humid mid-hills and Wet temperate high hills. The study undertakes both qualitative and quantitative aspects of thermal comfort through a questionnaire-based survey and interrelates them. The thermal analysis examined indoor outdoor temperature, humidity, and wind speed for the two months of January and April 2022, representing the two major seasons in the area: winter and spring. The study also included the resident’s votes on the ASHRAE thermal sensation scale. The study establishes a stronger dependence of thermal sensation votes on temperature and humidity as compared to wind velocity. A range of 16°C to 19°C and 14.76 °C to 22.1°C was established as thermal comfort ranges for zone 1 and zone 2 respectively. The study further determines the neutral temperatures for the zones and concludes that these traditional houses function admirably over the state’s harsh winter months, and the majority of residents are contented and satisfied in a wider range of temperatures.
Feasibility Evaluation and Numerical Simulation of Diesel–Diethyl Ether–2–Methoxy Ethyl Ether Blends Fueling in Stationary CI Engine
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Kumar Chandan , Das Umesh Kumar , Sharma Sumit 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In many developed economies, the diesel engine is very important for transportation and farming. There is a lot of research being done in the field of renewable energy to replace conventional energy sources because of the major environmental issues and the rising expense of diesel. Diesel engine cannot be reinstate because of its efficient performance at higher power and reliability with alternative engines. Diesel engine emissions are very harmful to the atmosphere and human health. The main contaminants in diesel engines are smoke and NOx, which need to be effectively monitored. A numerous research is going on to diminish the emissions from CI engines by using some additives as well as the use of alternative fuels. This experimental inquiry was conducted to identify a suitable addition to lower exhaust emissions and improve CI engine performance. The trials used various mix ratios of pure diesel and blends of diesel and diethyl ether-2-methoxy ethyl ether. Mixing of 5% DEE and 5% MXEE with 90% diesel on volume basis (D90–DEE5–MXEE5) showed optimum results of emission and performance. Low exhaust emissions (HC 63.15%, CO 60.00%, and Smoke 18.29%) found to be substantial at peak loads and performance increase (decreasing in BSFC 5.00% and increasing in BTE 3.00%) were compared to mixture D90-DEE5-MXEE5 with diesel (at standard engine conditions). However, NOx rises (2.60%).
Green Trade: Transition Towards a Sustainable Economy
Authors: Mahajan N , Kaur N , Singh V , Gupta A , Garg N. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study aims to explore the benefits and challenges of green trade for economic development. It will examine the experiences of countries that have successfully integrated green trade into their economic policies and the measures taken to overcome the obstacles. The study will also analyze the potential economic and environmental impacts of green trade on different stakeholders, including businesses, consumers, and the community. Overall, the study will demonstrate that green trade can provide a viable path towards sustainable economic development. By promoting the production and trade of environmentally friendly goods and services, green trade can create new business opportunities and improve the quality of life for people while also protecting the planet.