bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐related vulnerabilities of older adults with colon adenomas
Authors: Clipp Elizabeth C. , Carver Elizabeth H. , Pollak Kathryn I. , Puleo Elaine , Emmons Karen M. , Onken Jane , Farraye Francis A. , McBride Colleen M. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis report addresses the interface between cancer and aging in the context of colorectal carcinoma (CRC), the second leading cause of cancer death in the U.S. overall and the first leading cause among individuals age ≥ 75 years. Because polyp risk increases with age, interventions to prevent recurrent polyps among older adults likely would reduce CRC morbidity and mortality.METHODSData for this study derive from Project Prevent, a multisite, randomized controlled trial designed to reduce behavioral risk factors for CRC among 1247 adults who underwent the removal of ≥ 1 adenomatous colon polyps. Middle‐aged and older patients were compared on key cognitive‐behavioral mechanisms associated with CRC risk and established age‐related factors associated with adverse health outcomes. Relations between cognitive‐behavioral mechanisms and age‐related vulnerability factors identified subgroups of older polyp patients that may have an enhanced risk for CRC.RESULTSCompared with middle‐aged patients, older patients were less concerned about developing CRC, less motivated to reduce their risk, and less confident that their behavior change efforts would succeed. As expected, they also reported more age‐related physical, social, and economic vulnerabilities, as expected. Evidence for enhanced CRC risk was found for older patients with multiple comorbid conditions, low social support for change, and perceptions of income inadequacy.CONCLUSIONSThe presence of age‐related vulnerability factors may enhance the risk of CRC among older cancer patients by creating barriers to behavioral change. Efforts to reduce the cancer burden in older populations will require attention beyond early detection and surveillance to interventions that account for the unique physical and psychosocial characteristics of older adults. Cancer 2004;100:1085–94. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Inflammatory breast carcinoma: Outcomes with trimodality therapy for nonmetastatic disease
Authors: Liauw Stanley L. , Benda Rashmi K. , Morris Christopher G. , Mendenhall Nancy Price 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objectives of this study were to summarize a single‐institution experience in treating patients with inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC) using trimodality therapy and to identify prognostic factors for outcome.METHODSSixty‐one women underwent radiation therapy with curative intent for IBC between 1982 and 2001. All but five women received trimodality therapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was given to the majority of women (n = 43 patients), although some received “up‐front” surgery as first therapy (n = 18 patients).RESULTSWith a median potential observation time after diagnosis of 14 years, freedom from locoregional disease progression was 78%, freedom from distant metastasis was 45%, and the cause‐specific survival rate was 47% at 5 years. Approximately 40% of the 56 patients who received trimodality therapy remained free of disease. Multivariate analysis demonstrated three factors that were found to be associated significantly with improved cause‐specific survival: pathologic tumor size < 4 cm (P = 0.0001), up‐front surgery (P = 0.0078), and local disease control (P = 0.0003). Factors that were found to be associated with better freedom from locoregional disease progression were pathologic tumor size (< 4 cm; P = 0.0157), age (> 55 years; P = 0.0596), and radiation dose (≥ 60 grays [Gy]; P = 0.0621).CONCLUSIONSIBC is an aggressive disease that is treated effectively in select patients by multimodality therapy. Patient outcomes may be improved with therapies that result in better local and systemic control. Further studies are warranted to address the optimal sequence of trimodality therapy and the optimal administration of each agent. Cancer 2004;100:920–8. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
The replication error phenotype is associated with the development of distant metastases in hormonally treated patients with breast carcinoma
Authors: Chagpar Anees , Magliocco Anthony , Kerviche Annette , Tan Leonard , Walley Barbara , DeCoteau John F. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe positive replication error (RER+) phenotype defines a distinct subgroup of tumors with specific clinical, pathologic, and molecular features that have been documented well in hereditary nonpolyposis colon carcinoma (HNPCC). More recently, this phenotype also has been described in breast carcinoma.METHODSTo determine the effect of RER phenotype on prognosis in patients with breast carcinoma, the authors examined matched archival tumor and normal tissue from 100 women with Stage I and Stage II breast carcinoma, all of whom were treated with hormonal therapy. Patients had been followed for a minimum of 5 years or until death. Seven microsatellite loci were examined, including hMLH1 (3p22, D3S1611), hMSH2 (2p16, D2S123), NM23‐H1 (17q21), TP53‐Dint (17p13), TP53‐Penta (17p13), APC (5q21, D5S346), and HPC1 (1q24, D1S2883). The RER+ phenotype was defined as the presence of allelic shifts at three of the seven loci examined.RESULTSTwenty‐five percent of patients were classified with the RER+ phenotype based on these criteria. The two groups, women with positive RER status and women with negative RER status, were comparable in terms of other factors that may influence prognosis: age, tumor size, lymph node status, disease stage, and estrogen receptor status. The development of distant metastases to the lung, liver, or brain was correlated significantly with the positive RER phenotype, with a relative risk of 2.625 (95% confidence interval, 1.059–6.057).CONCLUSIONSThe presence of high‐frequency RER+ may predict for the development of distant metastatic disease in patients with early‐stage breast carcinoma whoa re treated with hormonal therapy. Cancer 2004;100:913–9. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Physician recommendations regarding tamoxifen and patient utilization of tamoxifen after surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Yen Tina W. F. , Hunt Kelly K. , Mirza Nadeem Q. , Thomas Eva S. , Singletary S. Eva , Babiera Gildy V. , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Buchholz Thomas A. , Feig Barry W. , Ross Merrick I. , Ames Frederick C. , Theriault Richard L. , Kuerer Henry M. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo date, the impact of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B‐24 trial reported in 1999 on the use of tamoxifen after surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is unknown. The current study was designed to evaluate the impact of NSABP B‐24 on current practices at a comprehensive cancer center.METHODSThe records of 350 consecutive patients with DCIS who were treated at the authors' institution between July 1999 and June 2002 were obtained from a prospective database and analyzed. Whether patients were offered tamoxifen, whether patients accepted tamoxifen, and the associated reasons were recorded along with tamoxifen‐related side effects and patient compliance with therapy. Clinical and pathologic factors were evaluated for their impact on recommendations regarding tamoxifen. Differences were assessed by chi‐square analysis.RESULTSOf the 350 patients, 73 were excluded because of evidence of invasive carcinoma on final pathology review. Of the remaining 277 patients, 166 patients (60%) were offered tamoxifen, and 90 patients (54%) chose to take tamoxifen. Of 111 patients who were not offered tamoxifen, 39 patients (35%) had documented explanations, which included bilateral mastectomy (n = 25 patients), medical reasons (n = 10 patients), and already received tamoxifen for other reasons at the time of diagnosis (n = 4 patients). Of 94 patients who received tamoxifen, 20 patients (21%) discontinued use because of side effects or complications. Tamoxifen was more likely to be recommended for women who underwent segmental resection compared with women who underwent total mastectomy (P = 0.002) and for women with smaller pathologic DCIS tumors (P = 0.001). In addition, these two factors were interrelated.CONCLUSIONSPhysicians and patients remain cautious regarding the use of tamoxifen after local treatment for DCIS. The current findings have implications for current trials evaluating aromatase inhibitors and other chemopreventive agents for this disease. Cancer 2004;100:942–9. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Poorly differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid with trabecular, insular, and solid patterns
Authors: Volante Marco , Landolfi Stefania , Chiusa Luigi , Palestini Nicola , Motta Manuela , Codegone Alessandra , Torchio Bruno , Papotti Mauro G. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe term poorly differentiated (PD) carcinoma was proposed 20 years ago to define aggressive, follicular‐derived thyroid carcinomas with behavior intermediate between follicular/papillary and anaplastic carcinomas. Among the variable histologic patterns recognized in such tumors, trabecular‐insular‐solid (TIS) areas usually are predominant. Conversely, some authors pointed out that PD carcinomas are characterized by unequivocal, high‐grade histology with atypias, high mitotic counts, and necrosis rather than by a specific growth pattern.METHODSThe clinicopathologic features of a series of 183 thyroid carcinomas with predominant (n = 165 tumors) or focal (n = 18 tumors) TIS growth patterns were studied by univariate and multivariate overall survival analyses and were compared with clinical outcomes. Subgroups included tumors with predominant oxyphilic features (n = 66 tumors) and (residual) papillary carcinoma features (n = 24 tumors). Control groups of papillary (n = 68 tumors), follicular (n = 71 tumors), and anaplastic (n = 35 tumors) carcinomas also were included for overall survival analysis.RESULTSTIS carcinomas had an intermediate behavior between papillary/follicular and anaplastic carcinomas (P < 0.0001). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses demonstrated that age > 45 years (P = 0.007), the presence of necrosis (P < 0.0001), and a mitotic count > 3 per 10 high‐power fields (P = 0.01) were associated with poor outcome. A simplified scoring system based on statistically significant parameters allowed the identification of three prognostic subgroups (P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSPD TIS carcinomas overall followed a more aggressive course compared with differentiated thyroid carcinomas, irrespective of the extent of the TIS component. However, a numeric scoring system applied to specific clinicopathologic parameters further may identify three prognostic categories of patients who have significantly different survival rates at 5 years and 10 years. Cancer 2004;100:950–7. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
γ‐Aminobutyric acid is present in a spatially discrete subpopulation of hair cells in the crista ampullaris of the toadfish Opsanus tau
Authors: Holstein Gay R. , Martinelli Giorgio P. , Henderson Scott C. , Friedrich Victor L. , Rabbitt Richard D. , Highstein Stephen M. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAlthough γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate are known to be present in the vestibular sensory epithelia of a variety of species, the functional relationship between these two transmitters is not clear. The present study addresses the three‐dimensional spatial distribution of GABA and glutamate immunoreactivity in the vestibular labyrinth of the oyster toadfish by using whole end organs labeled by immunofluorescence with monoclonal anti‐GABA and/or antiglutamate antibodies and visualized as whole mounts by multiphoton confocal microscopy. We find glutamate‐immunoreactive hair cells present throughout the sensory epithelium. In contrast, prominent GABA immunoreactivity is restricted to a small population of hair cells located in the central region of the crista. Double immunofluorescence reveals two distinct staining patterns in GABA‐labeled hair cells. Most (∼80%) GABA‐labeled cells show trace levels of glutamate, appropriate for the metabolic/synthetic role of cytoplasmic glutamate. The remainder of the GABA‐stained cells contain substantial levels of both GABA and glutamate, suggesting transmitter colocalization. In the toadfish utricle, glutamatergic hair cells are present throughout the macula. GABA‐immunoreactive hair cells follow the arc of the striola, and most GABA‐labeled receptor cells coexpress glutamate. The localization of GABA was explored in other species as well. In the pigeon, GABAergic hair cells are present throughout the crista ampullaris. Our findings demonstrate that multiple, neurochemically distinct types of hair cells are present in vestibular sensory epithelia. These observations, together with the excitatory activity generally associated with 8th nerve afferent fibers, strongly suggest that GABA serves an important, specific, and complex role in determining primary afferent response dynamics. J. Comp. Neurol. 471:1–10, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular patterns in the inner retina of adult zebrafish: Quantitative analyses and a computational model of their formation
Authors: Cameron David A. , Carney Laurel H. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe mechanisms that control cellular pattern formation in the growing vertebrate central nervous system are poorly understood. In an effort to reveal mechanistic rules of cellular pattern formation in the central nervous system, quantitative spatial analysis and computational modeling techniques were applied to cellular patterns in the inner retina of the adult zebrafish. All the analyzed cell types were arrayed in nonrandom patterns tending toward regularity; specifically, they were locally anticlustered. Over relatively large spatial scales, only one cell type exhibited consistent evidence for pattern regularity, suggesting that cellular pattern formation in the inner retina is dominated by local anticlustering mechanisms. Cross‐correlation analyses revealed independence between the patterns of different cell types, suggesting that cellular pattern formation may involve multiple, independent, homotypic anticlustering mechanisms. A computational model of cellular pattern formation in the growing zebrafish retina was developed, which featured an inhibitory, homotypic signaling mechanism, arising from differentiated cells, that controlled the spatial profile of cell fate decisions. By adjusting the spatial profile of this decaying‐exponential signal, the model provided good estimates of all the cellular patterns that were observed in vivo, as objectively judged by quantitative spatial pattern analyses. The results support the hypothesis that cellular pattern formation in the inner retina of zebrafish is dominated by a set of anticlustering mechanisms that may control events at, or near, the spatiotemporal point of cell fate decision. J. Comp. Neurol. 471:11–25, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and morphogenesis of the eminentia thalami in the zebrafish
Authors: Wullimann Mario F. , Mueller Thomas 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis study documents early zebrafish brain expression patterns (2–5 days postfertilization) of proliferating neural (PCNA) as well as early‐determined (Pax6, Zash‐1a, Zash‐1b, neurogenin1, neuroD) and differentiating (Hu‐proteins) neuronal cells. These patterns are used to outline the spatiotemporal local dynamics of secondary neurogenesis as well as neuronal migration and differentiation in the region of the eminentia thalami. The analysis presented not only allows identification for the first time of the eminentia thalami in the zebrafish model system (because it forms a neurogenin1/neuroD‐guided locus of neurogenesis in contrast to adjacent preoptic region and ventral thalamus) but furthermore shows that the entopeduncular complex is a derivative of the embryonic zebrafish eminentia thalami, which has never been reported for a teleost before. An analysis of the relevant literature shows that the mammalian entopeduncular nucleus/avian paleostriatum primitivum/reptilian globus pallidus clearly are part of the basal ganglia (i.e., the pallidum). In amniote embryos, an anterior entopeduncular area is recognized at the base of the medial ganglionic eminence (i.e., the future pallidum; part of alar plate of prosomere 5), separate from the more posterior eminentia thalami (alar prosomere 4). There is a comparable periventricular eminentia thalami in (young and adult) amphibians and teleosts. However, the migrated anterior entopeduncular nucleus of anuran amphibians likely is homologous to part of the pallidum of other vertebrates and has no developmental relationship to the eminentia thalami. In contrast, the migrated teleostean entopeduncular complex does not correspond to a pallidal division but is indeed the adult derivative of the early‐recognized eminentia thalami as shown in this study. J. Comp. Neurol. 471:37–48, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PACAP mRNA is expressed in rat spinal cord neurons
Authors: Pettersson Lina M.E. , Heine Tony , Verge Valerie M.K. , Sundler Frank , Danielsen Nils 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis study examines the expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) mRNA in the rat spinal cord during normal conditions and in response to sciatic nerve transection. Previously, PACAP immunoreactivity has been found in fibers in the spinal cord dorsal horn and around the central canal and in neurons in the intermediolateral column (IML). Furthermore, in the dorsal root ganglia, PACAP immunoreactivity and PACAP mRNA expression have been observed preferentially in nerve cell bodies of smaller diameter terminating in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn. However, neuronal expression of PACAP mRNA in adult rat spinal cord appeared limited to neurons of the IML. By using a refined in situ hybridization protocol, we now detect PACAP mRNA expression in neurons primarily in laminae I and II, but also in deeper laminae of the spinal cord dorsal horn and around the central canal. In addition, PACAP mRNA expression is observed in a few neurons in the ventral horn. PACAP expression in the ventral horn is increased in a population of large neurons, most likely motor neurons, both after distal and proximal sciatic nerve transection. The proposed role of PACAP in nociception is strengthened by our findings of PACAP mRNA‐expressing neurons in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn. Furthermore, increased expression of PACAP in ventral horn neurons, in response to nerve transection, suggests a role for PACAP in repair/regeneration of motor neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 471:85–96, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localized ablation of olfactory receptor neurons induces both localized regeneration and widespread replacement of neurons in spiny lobsters
Authors: Harrison Paul J.H. , Cate Holly S. , Derby Charles D. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe peripheral olfactory system of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus—located on paired antennules—undergoes continual postembryonic development. This process includes continuous addition of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) related to indeterminate growth, continuous replacement, and regeneration when necessitated by damage. We have shown previously that new olfactory tissue is continually added to the proximal margin of these populations, called the proximal proliferation zone (PPZ). Here, we show that focal damage to mature portions of the olfactory system causes localized degeneration of ORNs over 1–10 days after damage. Studies using the cell proliferation marker 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine show that localized degeneration was followed by rapid and localized regeneration of olfactory tissue. Rapidly dividing cells were recorded up to 40 days after damage, with regeneration of ORN clusters complete within 80 days. Focal damage appeared to stimulate widespread cell replacement (cell death and proliferation) within mature, undamaged ORN clusters. This response was observed in ORN clusters outside the damaged zone, including mature clusters in the contralateral antennule. The degree of widespread cell replacement was less than local repair after local damage, but it increased with more extensive damage. However, changes in on‐going proliferation in the PPZ were not detected, at least not 20 days or longer after damage, suggesting damage‐induced widespread proliferation may be specific to mature populations of ORNs. We speculate that localized regeneration involves activity of resident precursor cells not destroyed by the ablation and that unidentified regulatory signals released in response to localized damage induce widespread ORN replacement. J. Comp. Neurol. 471:72–84, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synaptobrevin‐2‐like immunoreactivity is associated with vesicles at synapses in rat circumvallate taste buds
Authors: Yang Ruibiao , Stoick Cristi L. , Kinnamon John C. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractSynaptobrevin is a vesicle‐associated membrane protein (VAMP) that is believed to play a critical role with presynaptic membrane proteins (SNAP‐25 and syntaxin) during regulated synaptic vesicle docking and exocytosis of neurotransmitter at the central nervous system. Synaptic contacts between taste cells and nerve processes have been found to exist, but little is known about synaptic vesicle docking and neurotransmitter release at taste cell synapses. Previously we demonstrated that immunoreactivity to SNAP‐25 is present in taste cells with synapses. Our present results show that synaptobrevin‐2‐like immunoreactivity (‐LIR) is present in approximately 35% of the taste cells in rat circumvallate taste buds. Synaptobrevin‐2‐LIR colocalizes with SNAP‐25‐, serotonin‐, and protein gene product 9.5‐LIR. Synaptobrevin‐2‐LIR also colocalizes with immunoreactivity for type III inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate receptor (IP3R3), a taste‐signaling molecule in taste cells. All IP3R3‐LIR taste cells express synaptobrevin‐2‐LIR. However, approximately 27% of the synaptobrevin‐2‐LIR taste cells do not display IP3R3‐LIR. We believe, based on ultrastructural and biochemical features, that both type II and type III taste cells display synaptobrevin‐2‐LIR. All of the synapses that we observed from taste cells onto nerve processes express synaptobrevin‐2‐LIR, as well as some taste cells without synapses. By using colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy, we found that synaptobrevin‐2‐LIR is associated with synaptic vesicles at rat taste cell synapses. The results of this study suggest that soluble NSF attachment receptor (SNARE) machinery may control synaptic vesicle fusion and exocytosis at taste cell synapses. J. Comp. Neurol. 471:59–71, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.