bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cumulative Impact of Herbicides and Tillage on the Soil Microbiome, Fungal Diversity and Crop Productivity under Conservation Agriculture
Authors: Nthebere Knight , Tata Ram Prakash , Bhimireddy Padmaja , Gudapati Jayasree , Admala Meena , Chandran Latha P , Yadav Manikyala Bhargava Narasimha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In a diversified cropping system, the tillage methods and weed management practices significantly influence the soil microbiome, which affects crop productivity. The synergetic impacts of such practices on the soil microbiome in association with yield under cotton–maize–Sesbania rostrata rotation with CA have not been extensively explored thus far in southern India. Therefore, a 4-year CA experiment was undertaken to investigate the impact of tillage and weed management on the soil microbiome and fungal diversity at 30 DAS and on the tasselling of maize and crop yield and to identify sustainable tillage and weed management practices that can provide nature-based solutions. The three tillage practices used were T1: CT(C)-CT(M)-fallow (NSr), T2: CT(C)-ZT(M)-ZT(Sr) and T3: ZT+R(C)-ZT+R(M)-ZT+R(Sr), and the following weed control tactics were used: W1-chemical weed control, W2-chemical (herbicide) rotation, W3- integrated weed management (IWM) and the W4-non-weeded control. Rhizosphere soil and rhizoplane samples were collected from the respective plots at 30 DAS after herbicide application and tasselling. Analysis of the microbial population and enzyme and microbial activities, viz., soil basal respiration (SBR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), microbial quotient (qMB), and soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and nitrogen (SMBN), was performed following standard procedures. rRNA gene sequencing of 18S rRNA was performed with rhizosphere soil and rhizoplane fungi isolated at tasselling. The yield was recorded at harvest. The salient findings indicated a decrease in enzyme activity, microbial population, and microbial activity at the initial stage (30 DAS) due to the impact of herbicides, which subsequently increased in response to tasselling, except for qCO2, which decreased. These biological properties were greater in the T3 treatment and nonweeded control followed by IWM, except for qCO2, which showed a decreasing trend relative to T1 and T2 and W1 and W2 at both sampling stages of maize. K yield (KY) and system yield (SY) were greater in the T3, IWM, and herbicide-treated plots (W1 and W2) than in the T1, T2 and nonweeded control plots. Talaromyces flavus, a beneficial rhizosphere soil inhabitant, was identified in T3 in combination with the IWM. Considering both crop productivity and soil biological assessment, T3 and IWM were considered the best treatment combinations among all the other treatments with SY (4453 kg ha-1). These findings signify the importance of adopting reduced tillage (T3) and IWM for farmers while striving for nature-based solutions.
Unraveling the Mechanism of Response: Genomic Sequencing Insights into a Rare Case of Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome-Associated High-Risk Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Koya Supriya , Ponnam Sreeja , Guntipalli Prathima 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a very rare, genetic, developmental disease. RSTS patients have been reported to have some predilection to certain cancers. We report a rare case of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome patient that developed Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
Case Presentation
Patient had both germline and somatic mutation in CREBBP (the cyclic-AMP-regulated enhancer-binding protein) gene. CREBBP has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis and less response to chemotherapy. We treated the patient with R-EPOCH with excellent response. Based on the rarity of this diagnosis and development of lymphoma in this patient, we sought to establish a genomic connection between Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome and its association with high-risk DLBCL. The distinct response observed in this case warrants further investigation into the potential benefits of intensified therapies in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients harboring specific genetic alterations like CREBBP as seen in this case.
Conclusions
This case report gives Genomic Sequencing Insights into a Rare Case of Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome-associated high-risk Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.
Secondary metabolites in host pears defense against two fruit borers and cytochrome P450-mediated counterdefense
Authors: Zhang Shi-Pan , Bai Bing , Chen Gao-Man , Wang Ya-Qi , Hu Chao , Liu Xu-Fei , Gao Ping , Li Yu-Ting , Fu Nan-Xia , Xue-Qing  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Herbivores insects have evolved metabolic strategies to survive the challenges posed by plant secondary metabolites (SMs). This study reports an exploration of SMs present in pears, which serve as a defense against invasive Cydia pomonella and native Grapholitha molesta, and their counterdefense response. The feeding preferences of fruit borers are influenced by the softening of two pear varieties as they ripen. The content of SMs, such as quercetin and rutin, increasing due to feeding by fruit borers. Notably, quercetin levels only increase after C. pomonella feeding. The consumption of SMs affects the growth of fruit borers populations differently, potentially due to the activation of P450 genes by SMs. These two fruit borers equipped with specific P450 enzymes that specialize in metabolizing quercetin and rutin, enabling them to adapt to these SMs in their host fruits. These findings provide valuable insights into the co-evolution of plants and herbivorous insects.
Optimization of electronic sensors based on the connection structure of double rotors with circular arc end teeth
Authors: Lv Yi 
Published: February 2024

To analyze the mechanical performance of the arc end tooth connection structure, the optimization of electronic sensors based on the connection structure of double rotors with circular arc end teeth was studied. By designing and optimizing the structural dimensions of the arc end tooth, the relative position of the grinding wheel and the workpiece was determined, and the optimal electromagnetic actuator size, as well as the number and installation position of the optimized sensors, were obtained. The experimental results showed that the relative error of the rigid vibration mode of the arc end tooth double rotor connection structure was controlled within 10 %. At high speeds, the electromagnetic actuator had a significant control effect on the vibration of the centrifugal machine shaft. It diminished the vibration amplitudes in the X and Y directions by 37.6 % and 30.2 %, respectively. By optimizing the double rotor connection structure with circular end teeth and electronic sensors, effective control of the relative error of rigid vibration modes has been achieved, leading to significant reduction of the centrifugal shaft's vibration at high speeds. In addition, the sensor layout was optimized to enable real-time equipment vibration monitoring, ensuring equipment safety and stability. These achievements not only enhance the mechanical performance of the rotor system, but also provide important guarantees for the stability of the mechanical system.
Mycobacterial Targets for Thiourea Derivatives: Opportunities for
Virtual Screening in Tuberculosis Drug Discovery
Authors: de Melo Milani Vinicius , Silva Mariana Luiza , Camargo Priscila Goes , de Lima Ferreira Bispo Marcelle 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a primary global health concern, necessitating the discovery
and development of new anti-TB drugs, mainly to combat drug-resistant strains. In
this context, thiourea derivatives have emerged as promising candidates in TB drug discovery
due to their diverse chemical structures and pharmacological properties. This review
aimed to explore this potential, identifying and exploring molecular targets for thiourea derivatives
in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and the potential application of virtual
screening techniques in drug discovery. We have compiled a comprehensive list of possible
molecular targets of thiourea derivatives in Mtb. The enzymes are primarily involved in the
biosynthesis of various cell wall components, including mycolic acids, peptidoglycans, and
arabinans, or targets in the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis (BCAA) pathway and
detoxification mechanisms. We discuss the potential of these targets as critical constituents
for the design of novel anti-TB drugs. Besides, we highlight the opportunities that virtual
screening methodologies present in identifying potential thiourea derivatives that can interact
with these molecular targets. The presented findings contribute to the ongoing efforts in
TB drug discovery and lay the foundation for further research in designing and developing
more effective treatments against this devastating disease.
Correlation between Quality of Life and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
with Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Parrey Ashaq , Koka Manzoor , Ismail Mohd 
Published: February 2024

Background::
Inflammatory markers are crucial in diagnosing and monitoring rheumatoid
arthritis. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) live with constant pain that limits their daily
activities. Our study highlights the effects of disease activity on the quality of life in patients with
rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods::
Swollen joint count (SJC), tender joint count (TJC), and visual activity scale (VAS)
were utilized to acquire patients' subjective feelings of wellness and their performance of routine
daily activities to determine the disease activity. The patient's erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
was measured at the clinical hematology laboratory using the Westergren method. The Quality
of Life was rated on a scale of 1 to 10.

Results::
Our study found that disease activity is inversely proportional to the quality of life. Out
of 111 patients, 3 (2.7%) were in remission, 1 (0.9%) had mild disease, 51 (45.9%) had moderate
disease, and 56 (50.5%) had high disease activity. The ESR was normal (<20) in 11 patients
(9.9%), moderately elevated (20-50) in 56 (50.5%) patients, and very high (>50) in 44 (39.6%) patients.
The study revealed that 66% of patients in remission had normal, while 33% had moderately
elevated ESR. 12.5% of patients with moderate disease activity had normal ESR, and none with
high disease activity had normal ESR. Of 44 patients with high ESR, 7 had moderate disease activity,
and 37 had high disease activity. In our study, 60% of patients had a less than 50% quality of
life compared to patients with pre-arthritis.

Conclusion::
High disease activity affects the productivity and quality of life in patients with rheumatoid
arthritis. Assessing the impact of different interventions on the QOL should be an essential
task that can help define a holistic and integrative treatment and rehabilitation model for RA patients.
Natural Compound Dioscin Targeting Multiple Cancer Pathways through
its High Affinity Binding to B Cell Lymphoma-2
Authors: Gulia Shweta , Chandra Prakash , Das Asmita 
Published: February 2024

Objective::
The study aimed to explore the crucial genes involved in cancer-related
biological processes, including EMT, autophagy, apoptosis, anoikis, and metastasis. It also
sought to identify common genes among the pathways linked to these biological processes, determine
the level of Bcl-2 expression in various types of cancers, and find a potent inhibitor of
Bcl-2 among natural compounds.

Methods::
Common genes involved in the pathways related to EMT, autophagy, apoptosis,
anoikis, and metastasis were explored, and the level of the most frequently overexpressed gene
that was Bcl-2, in various types of cancers was analyzed by gene expression analysis. A set of
102 natural compounds was sorted according to their docking scores using molecular docking
and filtering. The top-ranked molecule was chosen for additional molecular dynamics (MD)
simulation for 100 ns. Differential gene expression analysis was performed for Dioscin using
GEO2R.

Results::
The study identified four common genes, Bcl-2, Bax, BIRC3, and CHUK, among the
pathways linked to EMT, autophagy, apoptosis, anoikis, and metastasis. Bcl-2 was highly overexpressed
in many cancers, including Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Diffuse large B cell lymphoma,
and Thymoma. The Dioscin structure in the Bcl-2 binding site received the highest docking
score and the most relevant interactions. Dioscin's determined binding free energy by
MM/GBSA was -52.21 kcal/mol, while the same calculated by MM/PBSA was -9.18 kcal/mol.
A p-value of less than 0.05 was used to determine the statistical significance of the analysis performed
using GEO2R. It was observed that Dioscin downregulates Bcl-2, BIRC3, and CHUK
and upregulates the pro-apoptotic protein Bax.

Conclusion::
The study concluded that Dioscin has the potential to act as a protein inhibitor,
with a noteworthy value of binding free energy and relevant interactions with the Bcl-2 binding
site. Dioscin might be a good alternative for targeting multiple cancer pathways through a single
target.
Thermal and Mechanical Investigation of Friction Stir Welding with
Disparate Materials AA6061 and AA7075
Authors: K Sabari , A Muniappan 
Published: February 2024

Background::
The primary objective of this study is to assess the impact of welding
conditions on the mechanical properties of friction stir-welded butt joints created from two distinct
aluminium alloys, namely, AA6061 and AA7075. Friction stir welding (FSW), known for its innovation
and low-energy solid-state bonding technique, was employed in this research.

Methods::
FSW experiments were carried out on both AA6061 and AA7075 alloys using a computer
numerical control (CNC) machine. The selection and design of the tool geometry were meticulous,
with an emphasis on new pin profiles that are nearly flat at the weld contact point. Precisely,
four distinct tool geometries were machined from HC-HCr (High carbon, high chromium steel):
Circular, Square, Tapered third, and Triangular. Critical process variables that significantly influence
weld quality include rotation speed (800 rpm-1400 rpm) and traverse speed (12 to 25
mm/min). These variables were carefully optimized to achieve flawless welds. During the friction
stir welding process, the nugget zone undergoes significant deformation, leading to the formation
of a new microstructure that substantially impacts the mechanical properties of the joint.

Results::
This study comprehensively investigates the thermal and mechanical properties of friction
stir welding using aluminium alloys AA6061 and AA7075, considering various tool shapes.
Among the four tool shapes employed, two were found to yield higher hardness values (referred to
as BH). Notably, the square-shaped tool produced the highest temperature, reaching up to 690ºC,
as determined by thermocouple readings. Based on the findings, the optimal FSW parameters for
enhancing hardness involve an axial feed and spindle speed of 800 rpm combined with a feed rate
of 15 mm/min. These parameters were identified as crucial for achieving the desired mechanical
properties in the friction stir-welded joints.

Conclusion::
This study presents new developments in FSW technology, which may have patent
implications.
Ca+2 Channel Blockers
Authors: Rahman Taufiq , Faruk Khan M. O. 
Published: February 2024

This chapter is a comprehensive account of the medicinal chemistry of
antihypertensive drugs, Ca2+-channel blockers (CCBs). It provides the mechanism of
drug action and detailed structure-activity relationships (SAR) of the CCBs to give the
knowledge base for pharmacists. After studying this chapter, students will be able to:• Comprehend the historical background of the CCBs.
• Classify different types of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) and their clinical
significance.

• Explain CCBs and their clinical significance.

• Describe the mechanisms of action of CCBs at the molecular level including their
binding modes against the VGCCs.

• Describe the SAR of the different classes of CCBs.

• Delineate clinical significance and therapeutic evaluations of these classes of drugs by
solving case studies.

• Articulate the discovery process of a few CCBs.
Diabetes and Antidiabetic Drugs
Authors: Faruk Khan M. O. 
Published: February 2024

This chapter is a comprehensive account of diabetes and the medicinal
chemistry of antidiabetic drugs. It provides the mechanism of disease progression and
drug action and detailed structure-activity relationships (SAR) of antidiabetic drugs to
give the knowledge base for pharmacists. After studying this chapter, students will be
able to:
• Discuss the epidemiology and etiology of diabetes.
• Describe the clinical features of diabetes and differentiate between type I and type II
diabetes.
• Discuss various risk factors and corresponding mechanisms responsible for the
development of diabetes.• Review biosynthesis of insulin, its metabolic outcomes, regulation of insulin
secretion, and insulin signaling.• Explain in detail the pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for the clinical
features of diabetes.
• Evaluate the clinical role of natural human insulin and commercially available other
insulin products and discuss its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse
effects, motor complications, drug interactions, contraindications, and precautions.
• Discuss the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, motor
complications, drug interactions, contraindications, and precautions for each class of
antidiabetic drugs listed below.
o Sulfonylureas: tolbutamide (Orinase®
), tolazamide (Tolinase®
), chlorpropamide
(Diabinese®
), and acetohexamide (Dymelor®
), glyburide (Diabeta®
), glipizide
(Glucotrol®
), and glimepiride (Amaryl®
).
o Meglitinides: repaglinide (Prandin®
), nateglinide (Starlix®
).
o Biguanides: metformin (Glucophage®
, Glucophage XR).o Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) agonists/Thiazolidinediones:
pioglitazone (Actos®
), rosiglitazone (Avandia®
).o Alpha glucosidase inhibitors: acarbose (Precose®
).
o Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists: dulaglutide (Trulicity®
), exenatide
(Bydureon®
, Byetta®
), liraglutide (Victoza®
), lixisenatide (Adlyxin®
), semalgutide
(Ozempic®
, Rybelsus®
).
o Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors: alogliptin (Nesina®
), linagliptin
(Tradjenta®
), saxagliptin (Onglyza®
), sitagliptin (Januvia®
).o Amylin agonist: pramlintide (Symlin®
).o Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors: empagliflozin (Jardiance®
),
canagliflozin (Invokana®
), dapagliflozin (Farxiga®
), ertugliflozin (Steglatro®
).
o Miscellaneous agents.
Sistem Monitoring Partikel (PM2.5) Air Purifier untuk Mengetahui Kualitas Udara Berbasis Sensor PMS5003 Dan Arduino
Authors: Suryantoro Hery , Kusriyanto Medilla 
Published: February 2024

Udara dalam ruangan yang baik adalah udara yang berkualitas baik dan bebas polutan. Semakin baik kualitasnya, semakin sedikit udara tidak sehat yang dihirup. Sebaliknya, jika kualitas udara buruk, maka udara dapat memberikan dampak negatif terhadap organisme. PM 2.5 adalah partikel polutan udara yang berukuran sangat kecil sekitar 2.5 mikron, partikel ini berbentuk seperti debu, kotoran, jelaga, dan asap. Partikel PM 2.5 dapat menyebabkan berbagai gangguan pernafasan. Untuk mengetahui kualitas udara, pada penelitian ini dikembangkan air purifier yang dapat memantau partikel PM2.5 dan membersihkan udara. Prinsip kerjanya adalah udara sekitar diisap oleh kipas kemudian disaring melalui filter hepa, lalu udara bersih dikeluarkan kembali. Pada penelitian ini digunakan arduino uno, sensor PMS5003 sebagai pendeteksi kadar PM2.5, kipas sebagai pengisap udara, hepa filter sebagai filter udara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka, perancangan alat, pembuatan alat dan pengujian. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menempatkan air purifier di ruangan dengan tingkat polusi tinggi. Air purifier berhasil menurunkan konsentrasi partikel PM2.5 pada ruangan berukuran 3 x 3 m dari 506 µg/m3 menjadi 50 µg/m3 dalam waktu 45 menit, dan nilai PM2.5 pada ruangan berukuran 5 x 7.5 m turun dari 669 µg/m3 menjadi 49 µg/m3 dalam waktu 60 menit. Air purifier yang telah dirancang sangat efektif dalam mengurangi jumlah polutan PM2.5 sebesar 90 %, sehingga kualitas udara menjadi lebih baik.
Pengaruh Lembar Data Keselamatan Bahan Berbasis Kartu Referensi Cepat (Quick Reference Card) Terhadap Perilaku Aman (Safety Behaviour) Pengguna Laboratorium Pendidikan
Authors: Susanto Abiyyu Naufal , Satibi Lambang , Prasetyaningtyas Dwi Yuliastuti 
Published: February 2024

Mengelola keamanan penggunaan bahan laboratorium di perguruan tinggi menjadi sangat penting mengingat banyaknya kecelakaan di laboratorium pendidikan yang telah dilaporkan di seluruh dunia melibatkan para pengguna laboratorium pendidikan. Lembar Data Keselamatan Bahan (LDKB) perlu disajikan dalam satu bentuk yang lebih mudah dipahami pengguna laboratorium pendidikan dalam waktu yang singkat. Studi ini terutama ditujukan untuk mengkaji bagaimana Lembar Data Keselamatan Bahan (LDKB) berbasis Quick Reference Card (QRC) secara langsung dapat mempengaruhi perilaku aman (safety behaviour) di laboratorium pendidikan bagi kalangan mahasiswa keperawatan. Penelitian ini menerapkan pre-experimental one-group pre test post test design dengan hanya melibatkan satu kelompok yang diintervensi. Studi ini didasarkan pada total sampling dari 144 mahasiswa tingkat akhir yang berasal dari dua program studi di Keperawatan Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang Kampus V Magelang. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Keperawatan Magelang Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang pada bulan Mei 2023. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji statistik nonparametrik wilcoxon karena data tidak terdistribusi normal. Metode LDKB berbasis QRC terbukti memiliki efektivitas tinggi dalam meningkatkan perilaku keselamatan (safety behaviour) responden karena nilai rata-rata (mean) dari N Gain Score lebih besar sama dengan 0,7 yaitu sebesar 0,7944. Temuan uji wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 atau <0.05 sehingga terdapat pengaruh LDKB berbasis QRC terhadap perilaku keselamatan (safety behaviour) mahasiswa di laboratorium pendidikan keperawatan.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Video Tutorial Merangkai Alat Praktikum Terhadap Pemahaman dan Pengetahuan Mahasiswa pada Praktikum Isolasi dan Sintesis Senyawa Organik
Authors: Surani Surani 
Published: February 2024

Laboratorium kimia organik dan biokimia (LKOB) merupakan bagian dari laboratorium yang ada di Departemen Pendidikan Kimia Fakultas Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Salah satu praktikum yang ada di LKOB adalah praktikum Isolasi dan Sintesis Senyawa Organik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh diberikannya video tutorial merangkai alat terhadap pemahaman dan pengetahuan mahasiswa . Subyek pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa prodi pendidikan kimia sebanyak 39 orang(kelas kontrol) dan prodi kimia 32 orang(kelas eksperimen). Pada penelitain ini instrumen yang digunakan berupa pertanyaan yang harus dijawab oleh mahasiswa dalam bentuk pre-test sebanyak 3 soal dan pos-test 3 soal. Dari data yang dihasilkan untuk kelas kontrol rata – rata nilai pre-test 59,07 dan nilai pos-test 59,62, sedangkan untuk kelas eksperimen rata-rata nilai pretes 62,97 dan nilai postes 72,5 . Berdasarkan hasil uji t tes dihasilkan data untuk kelas kontrol nilai –p = 0,954 > 0,025 artinya tidak ada perbedaan antara rata-rata pre-tes dan post-test. Untuk kelas eksperimen niali –p = 0,104 > 0,025 aritnya tidak ada perbedaan yang berarti antara rata-rata pre-test dan post-test , meskipun untuk kelas eksperimen terdapat kenaikan nilai rata-rata dari pre-test 62,97 dan nilai post-test 72,5 (terdapat selisih sebesar 9.53) akan tetapi perbedaannya belum berpengaruh secara berarti terhadap pemahaman dan pengetahuan mahasiswa.