bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Single‐Atom Catalysts for E lectrocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Yu Yuanyuan , Wei Xiaoxiao , Chen Wangqian , Qian Guangfu , Chen Changzhou , Wang Shuangfei , Min Douyong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) can be used to solve environmental problems as well as energy shortage. However, ENRR still faces the problems of low NH3 yield and low selectivity. The NH3 yield and selectivity in ENRR are affected by multiple factors such as electrolytic cells, electrolytes, and catalysts, etc. Among these catalysts are at the core of ENRR research. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with intrinsic activity have become an emerging technology for numerous energy regeneration, including ENRR. In particular, regulating the microenvironment of SACs (hydrogen evolution reaction inhibition, carrier engineering, metal‐carrier interaction, etc.) can break through the limitation of intrinsic activity of SACs. Therefore, this Review first introduces the basic principles of NRR and outlines the key factors affecting ENRR. Then a comprehensive summary is given of the progress of SACs (precious metals, non‐precious metals, non‐metallic) and diatomic catalysts (DACs) in ENRR. The impact of SACs microenvironmental regulation on ENRR is highlighted. Finally, further research directions for SACs in ENRR are discussed.
Continuous Fatty Acid Decarboxylation using an Immobilized Photodecarboxylase in a Membrane Reactor
Authors: Zhou Jianle , Hollmann Frank , He Qi , Chen Wen , Ma Yunjian , Wang Yonghua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe realm of photobiocatalytic alkane biofuel synthesis has burgeoned recently; however, the current dearth of well‐established and scalable production methodologies in this domain remains conspicuous. In this investigation, we engineered a modified form of membrane‐associated fatty acid photodecarboxylase sourced from Micractinium conductrix (McFAP). This endeavour resulted in creating an innovative assembled photoenzyme‐membrane (protein load 5 mg cm−2), subsequently integrated into an illuminated flow apparatus to achieve uninterrupted generation of alkane biofuels. Through batch experiments, the photoenzyme‐membrane exhibited its prowess in converting fatty acids spanning varying chain lengths (C6–C18). Following this, the membrane‐flow mesoscale reactor attained a maximum space‐time yield of 1.2 mmol L−1 h−1 (C8) and demonstrated commendable catalytic proficiency across eight consecutive cycles, culminating in a cumulative runtime of eight hours. These findings collectively underscored the photoenzyme‐membrane's capability to facilitate the biotransformation of diverse fatty acids, furnishing valuable benchmarks for the conversion of biomass via photobiocatalysis.
Boost‐flyback converter: Experimental assessment of recent control techniques
Authors: Muñoz Juan‐Guillermo , Angulo‐García David , Angulo Fabiola 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe boost‐flyback converter is a type of DC‐DC power converter that allows for efficient step‐up voltage conversion. Despite its potential for achieving high voltage gains, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis and practical implementation of reliable control methods for this converter. To date, only a few control techniques have been thoroughly examined and, more importantly, validated on hardware for this specific converter. In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation of two control techniques is presented, namely, zero average surface (ZAS) and hysteresis band (HB) control, for the boost‐flyback converter. Insights into the performance of these techniques and their applicability in real‐world scenarios are provided by experimental investigation. Experimental results have shown that the ZAS controller, while promising in theory, requires the inclusion of a secondary feed‐forward control loop to achieve accurate regulation of the output and effective disturbance rejection. This finding has highlighted the sensitivity of the ZAS control to measurement noise and the importance of careful consideration when implementing it in hardware. By providing a detailed comparison and insights into the performance of these control techniques, this study contributes to the advancement of control strategies for the boost‐flyback converter and guides future research in this field.
The m5C methyltransferase NSUN2 promotes codon‐dependent oncogenic translation by stabilising tRNA in anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors: Li Peng , Wang Wenlong , Zhou Ruixin , Ding Ying , Li Xinying 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundTranslation dysregulation plays a crucial role in tumourigenesis and cancer progression. Oncogenic translation relies on the stability and availability of tRNAs for protein synthesis, making them potential targets for cancer therapy.MethodsThis study performed immunohistochemistry analysis to assess NSUN2 levels in thyroid cancer. Furthermore, to elucidate the impact of NSUN2 on anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) malignancy, phenotypic assays were conducted. Drug inhibition and time‐dependent plots were employed to analyse drug resistance. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and bisulphite sequencing were used to investigate the m5C methylation of tRNA at both global and single‐base levels. Puromycin intake and high‐frequency codon reporter assays verified the protein translation level. By combining mRNA and ribosome profiling, a series of downstream proteins and codon usage bias were identified. The acquired data were further validated by tRNA sequencing.ResultsThis study observed that the tRNA m5C methyltransferase NSUN2 was up‐regulated in ATC and is associated with dedifferentiation. Furthermore, NSUN2 knockdown repressed ATC formation, proliferation, invasion and migration both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, NSUN2 repression enhanced the sensitivity of ATC to genotoxic drugs. Mechanically, NSUN2 catalyses tRNA structure‐related m5C modification, stabilising tRNA that maintains homeostasis and rapidly transports amino acids, particularly leucine. This stable tRNA has a substantially increased efficiency necessary to support a pro‐cancer translation program including c‐Myc, BCL2, RAB31, JUNB and TRAF2. Additionally, the NSUN2‐mediated variations in m5C levels and different tRNA Leu iso‐decoder families, partially contribute to a codon‐dependent translation bias. Surprisingly, targeting NSUN2 disrupted the c‐Myc to NSUN2 cycle in ATC.ConclusionsThis research revealed that a pro‐tumour m5C methyltransferase, dynamic tRNA stability regulation and downstream oncogenes, c‐Myc, elicits a codon‐dependent oncogenic translation network that enhances ATC growth and formation. Furthermore, it provides new opportunities for targeting translation reprogramming in cancer cells.
H. pylori‐induced NF‐κB‐PIEZO1‐YAP1‐CTGF axis drives gastric cancer progression and cancer‐associated fibroblast‐mediated tumour microenvironment remodelling
Authors: Chen Bonan , Liu Xiaoli , Yu Peiyao , Xie Fuda , Kwan Johnny S. H. , Chan Wai Nok , Fang Canbin , Zhang Jinglin , Cheung Alvin H. K. , Chow Chit , Leung Gloria W. M. , Leung Kam Tong , Shi Shihua , Zhang Bin , Wang Shouyu , Xu Dazhi , Fu Kaili , Wong Chi Chun , Wu William K. K. , Chan Michael W. Y. , Tang Patrick M. K. , Tsang Chi Man , Lo Kwok Wai , Tse Gary M. K. , Yu Jun , To Ka Fai , Kang Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common tumours in East Asia countries and is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. H. pylori utilizes virulence factors, CagA and VacA, to up‐regulate pro‐inflammatory cytokines and activate NF‐κB signaling. Meanwhile, the PIEZO1 upregulation and cancer‐associated fibroblast (CAF) enrichment were found in GC progression. However, the mechanisms of PIEZO1 upregulation and its involvement in GC progression have not been fully elucidated.MethodsThe CAF enrichment and clinical significance were investigated in animal models and primary samples. The expression of NF‐κB and PIEZO1 in GC was confirmed by immunohistochemistry staining, and expression correlation was analysed in multiple GC datasets. GSEA and Western blot analysis revealed the YAP1‐CTGF axis regulation by PIEZO1. The stimulatory effects of CTGF on CAFs were validated by the co‐culture system and animal studies. Patient‐derived organoid and peritoneal dissemination models were employed to confirm the role of the PIEZO1‐YAP1‐CTGF cascade in GC.ResultsBoth CAF signature and PIEZO1 were positively correlated with H. pylori infection. PIEZO1, a mechanosensor, was confirmed as a direct downstream of NF‐κB to promote the transformation from intestinal metaplasia to GC. Mechanistic studies revealed that PIEZO1 transduced the oncogenic signal from NF‐κB into YAP1 signaling, a well‐documented oncogenic pathway in GC progression. PIEZO1 expression was positively correlated with the YAP1 signature (CTGF, CYR61, and c‐Myc, etc.) in primary samples. The secreted CTGF by cancer cells stimulated the CAF infiltration to form a stiffened collagen‐enrichment microenvironment, thus activating PIEZO1 to form a positive feedback loop. Both PIEZO1 depletion by shRNA and CTGF inhibition by Procyanidin C1 enhanced the efficacy of 5‐FU in suppressing the GC cell peritoneal metastasis.ConclusionThis study elucidates a novel driving PIEZO1‐YAP1‐CTGF force, which opens a novel therapeutic avenue to block the transformation from precancerous lesions to GC. H. pylori‐NF‐κB activates the PIEZO1‐YAP1‐CTGF axis to remodel the GC microenvironment by promoting CAF infiltration. Targeting PIEZO1‐YAP1‐CTGF plus chemotherapy might serve as a potential therapeutic option to block GC progression and peritoneal metastasis.
Bird species responses to rangeland management in relation to their traits: Rio de la Plata Grasslands as a case study
Authors: Aldabe Joaquín , Morán‐López Teresa , Soca Pablo , Blumetto Oscar , Morales Juan Manuel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAreas used for livestock production and dominated by native grasses represent a unique opportunity to reconcile biodiversity conservation and livestock production. However, limited knowledge of individual species’ responses to rangeland management restricts our capacity to design grazing practices that favor endangered species and other priority birds. In this work, we applied Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities (HMSC) to study individual species responses, as well as the influence of traits on such responses, to variables related to rangeland management using birds of the Rio de la Plata Grasslands as a case study. Based on presence–absence data collected in 454 paddocks across 46 ranches we inferred the response of 69 species considering imperfect detection. This degree of detail fills a major gap in rangeland management, as species‐level responses can be used to achieve targeted conservation goals other than maximizing richness or abundance. We found that artificial pastures had an overall negative impact on many bird species, whereas the presence of tussocks had a positive effect, including all threatened species. Grassland specialists were in general sensitive to grass height and tended to respond positively to tussocks but negatively to tree cover. Controlling grass height via adjustments in stocking rate can be a useful tool to favor grassland specialists. To favor a wide range of bird species in ranches, a mosaic of short and tall native grasslands with patches of tussocks and trees is desirable. We also found that species‐specific responses were modulated by their traits: small‐sized birds responded positively to tussocks and tree cover while large species responded negatively to increasing grass height. Ground foragers preferred short grass while birds that scarcely use this stratum were not affected by grass height. Results on the influence of traits on bird responses are an important novelty in relation to previous work in rangelands and potentially increase our predicting capacity and model transferability across grassland regions.
Evaluating dietary restriction as a maintaining factor in binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Bartholomay Julia , Schaefer Lauren M. , Forester Glen , Crosby Ross D. , Peterson Carol B. , Crow Scott J. , Engel Scott G. , Wonderlich Stephen A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveProminent theories of binge‐eating (BE) maintenance highlight dietary restriction as a key precipitant of BE episodes. Consequently, treatment approaches for eating disorders (including binge‐eating disorder; BED) seek to reduce dietary restriction in order to improve BE symptoms. The present study tested the hypothesis that dietary restriction promotes BE among 112 individuals with BED.MethodsParticipants completed a 7‐day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol before and after completing 17 weeks of either Integrative Cognitive‐Affective Therapy or guided self‐help cognitive behavioral therapy. Analyses examined whether dietary restriction on 1 day of the baseline EMA protocol predicted risk for BE later that same day, and on the following day. Changes in dietary restriction over the course of treatment were also evaluated as a predictor of change in BE from pre‐treatment to post‐treatment. Baseline dietary restraint was examined as a moderator of the above associations.ResultsDietary restriction did not predict BE later the same day, and changes in restriction were not related to changes in BE across treatment, regardless of baseline dietary restraint levels. Restriction on 1 day did predict increased BE risk on the following day for individuals with higher levels of dietary restraint, but not those with lower levels.DiscussionThese findings challenge the assumption that dietary restriction maintains BE among all individuals with BED. Rather, results suggest that dietary restriction may be largely unrelated to BE maintenance in this population, and that reducing dietary restriction generally does not have the intended effect on BE frequency.
Synthesis of Octahydroperylene, the Framework of Altertoxin III
Authors: Gutsche Maximilian , Podlech Joachim 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRoutes to the framework of perylenequinone‐derived mycotoxins of the dihydroanthracene type are described. Starting with anthracene derivatives, attachment of C3 units at positions 9 and 10 and twofold cyclization would furnish the required pentacycle. Heck‐type couplings, SN2 additions of enolates, alkynyl and allyl additions turned out to be not successful, while addition of a Grignard reagent prepared from acetal‐protected 3‐bromopropionaldehyde to anthraflavic acid methyl ester, subsequent acetal cleavage, and Birch reduction furnished octahydroperylene in only four steps.
Antiseizure effect of MEK inhibitor in a child with neurofibromatosis type 1—Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy and optic pathway glioma
Authors: Barrière Sarah , Faure‐Conter Cécile , Leblond Pierre , Philippe Michael , des Portes Vincent , Lion François Laurence , de Bellescize Julitta , Sabatier Isabelle 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder due to a mutation in NF1 gene, resulting in phenotypically heterogeneous systemic manifestations. Patients with NF1 are prone to develop neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS) and are particularly at risk for optic pathway gliomas (OPG). Epilepsy is another recognized neurologic complication in patients with NF1, with a prevalence estimated between 4% and 14%. Several case reports and early phase clinical trials have demonstrated that the mitogen‐activated protein kinase inhibitors (MEKi) are effective in NF1‐low‐grade gliomas (LGGs), but their influence on seizure activity in humans has not been established.Case studyHere, we report a patient with NF1 and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) harboring pharmacoresistant tonic seizures, and progressive optic pathway glioma (OPG). By using a MEKi therapy for her OPG, we observed an end to epileptic seizures as well as a significant improvement of interictal EEG abnormalities, despite a lack of tumor reduction.ConclusionMEK inhibitor therapy should be considered for patients with NF1 and refractory epilepsy.
Evaluation of the effect of gluten‐free diet and Mediterranean diet on autoimmune system in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: Ülker Mutlu Tuçe , Çolak Gözde Arıtıcı , Baş Murat , Erdem Mustafa Genco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease in which thyroid cells are attacked through cell‐and antibody‐mediated immune processes. A gluten‐free diet reduces antibody concentration and regulates thyroid autoimmunization. Mediterranean diet reduces oxidative stress. This study evaluates the short‐term effects of Mediterranean, gluten‐free, and Mediterranean gluten‐free dietary patterns on thyroid function and autoantibody levels of patients. The 40 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis included in the study were randomly divided into four groups (defined as gluten‐free, Mediterranean, Mediterranean gluten‐free, and controls) for 12 weeks. Thyroid function tests, autoantibody levels, and food consumption were recorded at the beginning and end of the study. There was no statistically significant difference in TSH levels of the groups before the intervention, but a statistically significant difference was found afterward (p < 0.05). Free T3 hormone levels showed a statistically significant difference across the groups before and after the intervention (p < 0.05). Free T3 hormone levels increased significantly in all intervention groups after the intervention, with the highest increase in the Mediterranean group (p < 0.05). In the intervention groups, anti‐TPO and anti‐Tg levels decreased after the intervention; however, this difference was not significant across groups (p > 0.05). In addition, body weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumference averages decreased significantly in all intervention groups compared with controls (p < 0.05). The study achieved an increase in Free T3 hormone levels in the intervention groups. The most marked difference was seen in the Mediterranean gluten‐free diet model, which may be due to the anti‐inflammatory effect of both Mediterranean and gluten‐free diets and the loss of body weight as a result of the intervention.
Nutritional intake and determinants of nutritional quality changes from pregnancy to postpartum—a longitudinal study
Authors: Forsby Mathilda , Hulander Erik , Amberntsson Anna , Brembeck Petra , Winkvist Anna , Bärebring Linnea , Augustin Hanna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNutrient requirements vary across the reproductive cycle, but research on changes in nutritional intake and quality from pregnancy to beyond the lactation period is limited. Thus, we aimed to study nutritional intake and quality changes, among Swedish pregnant participants from late pregnancy to 18 months postpartum and to study the determinants of nutritional quality changes. Participants (n = 72) were studied longitudinally from the third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum (2 weeks 4, 12, and 18 months postpartum). At each visit, participant characteristics and 4‐day food diaries were collected. Nutritional quality was assessed by energy adjusted Nutrient Rich Food Index 11.3. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the determinants of change in nutritional quality. Intakes of carbohydrate energy percentage (E%), fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, and potassium were higher in the third trimester compared to postpartum, whereas intakes of E% protein and monounsaturated fat were lower. Adherence to recommended intakes was low at all study visits for saturated fat (4%–11%), fiber (15%–39%), vitamin D (8%–14%), folate (0%–2%), and iron (6%–21%). Overall, nutritional quality did not differ significantly from third trimester to postpartum. Shorter duration (<4 months) of lactation was negatively related to nutritional quality changes, whereas higher age was positively related to changes. In conclusion, nutritional intake from pregnancy to postpartum changed, whereas quality remained relatively stable, with age and lactation duration as determinants. Identification of people at risk of adverse dietary changes from pregnancy to the postpartum period should be further addressed in future larger and more diverse study populations.
Characterization of gluten‐free cupcakes without sucrose based on defatted soybean flour and monk fruit
Authors: Bahraminejad Mahshid , Rostami Omid , Heydari Mahshid , Moradian Mohammadhadi , Abdolmaleki Khadije 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to produce and characterize a novel gluten‐free cupcake for celiac and diabetes people. For this purpose, wheat flour and sugar in the cupcake formulation were fully replaced with soy flour and monk fruit. Also, samples containing wheat flour with sugar and monk fruit were prepared for comparison. The gluten‐free cupcake without sucrose had a less specific volume and porosity index. To improve these properties, Cydonia oblonga (Cydonia Vulgaris) and Plantago ovata (Plantago genus) were used individually and in combination at concentrations of 1 and 2%. The cake containing no gum was made as a control as well. It was observed that addition of gums had positive effects on the specific volume, porosity index, and weight loss of cakes, but their incorporation increased their hardness. Based on the results, the fabrication of a novel and successful gluten‐free cupcake replaced with soy flour, monk fruit, and gum is possible.
Computational models can distinguish the contribution from different mechanisms to familiarity recognition
Authors: Read John , Delhaye Emma , Sougné Jacques 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFamiliarity is the strange feeling of knowing that something has already been seen in our past. Over the past decades, several attempts have been made to model familiarity using artificial neural networks. Recently, two learning algorithms successfully reproduced the functioning of the perirhinal cortex, a key structure involved during familiarity: Hebbian and anti‐Hebbian learning. However, performance of these learning rules is very different from one to another thus raising the question of their complementarity. In this work, we designed two distinct computational models that combined Deep Learning and a Hebbian learning rule to reproduce familiarity on natural images, the Hebbian model and the anti‐Hebbian model, respectively. We compared the performance of both models during different simulations to highlight the inner functioning of both learning rules. We showed that the anti‐Hebbian model fits human behavioral data whereas the Hebbian model fails to fit the data under large training set sizes. Besides, we observed that only our Hebbian model is highly sensitive to homogeneity between images. Taken together, we interpreted these results considering the distinction between absolute and relative familiarity. With our framework, we proposed a novel way to distinguish the contribution of these familiarity mechanisms to the overall feeling of familiarity. By viewing them as complementary, our two models allow us to make new testable predictions that could be of interest to shed light on the familiarity phenomenon.
IPv6 addressing scheme to enhance the performance by mitigating reconnaissance attack
Authors: Pragya  , Kumar Bijendra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn resource‐constrained networks, IPv6 addresses are assigned to devices using SLAAC‐based EUI‐64, which generates unique addresses. However, the constant interface identifier (IID) across networks makes it vulnerable to reconnaissance attacks like location tracking, network activity correlation, address scanning, etc. This research work introduces a new addressing strategy that utilizes the Elegant Pairing function to guarantee the generation of nonpredictable unique IPv6 addresses, thereby mitigating different types of reconnaissance attacks. The proposed scheme achieves 100% address success rate (ASR) based on experimental evaluation while effectively thwarting reconnaissance attacks. Importantly, it achieves security enhancements without additional communication overhead and energy consumption.