bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WHAT LINKS DIGITAL SKILLS AND LIFE SATISFACTION? ROLES OF DIGITAL BENEFITS AND LIVING ARRANGEMENTS
Authors: Kang Miseon , Lee Seolah , Lee Jungup , Lee Hyo Jung 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The benefits of equipping enhanced digital skills in late life have been reported on many occasions. Yet, there have been few attempts to understand the association between digital skills and better psychological outcomes for older adults by integrating factors with multiple domains such as social and digital-related factors. This study investigated the causal structure of the association between ‘digital skills’ and ‘life satisfaction’ by specifying a mediator ‘self-reported benefits of digital use’ and a moderated mediator ‘living arrangements’. Using data from ‘2020 Digital Information Gap Survey’ by National Information Society Agency of Korea, the final sample included 1,680 older Koreans aged 55 and over. Analysis was performed by PROCESS macro model 4 and 8 in SPSS. We found a significant positive effect of digital skills on life satisfaction via self-reported benefits of digital use and moderated mediation effect of living arrangements. Specifically, digital skills positively affected self-reported benefits of digital use, and the effect was stronger for older adults living alone. However, we found no moderating effect on the direct path between digital skills and life satisfaction in late life. The conditional direct effect of digital skills on life satisfaction was only significant for older adults living with others. Findings indicate that digital skills can compensate for older adults living alone, who may have fewer sources within a family context. Heterogeneity in family structure needs to be considered when exploring the impact of digital technology use on older adults’ lives.
WITHIN- AND BETWEEN-PERSON DIFFERENCES IN ACTIVITY FACTOR STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM AN EMA STUDY
Authors: Bielak Allison , Mogle Jacqueline , Sliwinski Martin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Analyses of activity participation scales are typically based on single time points and resulting factors focus on differences between participants. However, as real-world activity engagement varies at more micro-timescales, these analyses provide little insight into how activities cluster together within a person across moments or days. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies capture within-person fluctuations in activity engagement and allow us to compare within-person variability to that observed across persons. Using multilevel factor analysis we examined the factor structure of activity participation within-persons (i.e., across days) and between participants. Using tablet-based assessments, 81 adults aged 41 to 94 years (M=61.26, SD=12.12) reported the activities they completed in the past 3-4 hours 5 times per day (4 at semi-randomly scheduled intervals and 1 at bedtime) for 14 days. Multilevel factor analysis simultaneously computed both intra-individual factors (within-person structure of activity in daily life) and inter-individual factors (between-person structure of activity engagement). A solution of 4 within-person and 4 between-person factors provided the best model fit, with three common factors across levels: 1) cognitive (e.g., read, write, computer tasks); 2) social (e.g., events, mentoring, providing care); and 3) passive (e.g., TV, games) factors. There were notable differences in the fourth factor however. Although there are similarities, the factor structure of activity participation between individuals is different than factors describing activity participation within persons from day to day. Researchers should be aware that common between-person activity factors will not unilaterally fit EMA within-person data and should conduct additional preparatory factor analyses.
SOLO AND PARENT–CHILD DYAD CAREGIVING FOR OLDER ADULTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR CAREGIVER WELL-BEING
Authors: Kurth Maria , Chandler Kelly 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Family caregiving for an older adult is predominantly studied as a solo endeavor (NIA, 2022), overlooking care by family subsystems (see Keith, 1995) and youth (Armstrong-Carter et al., 2021). Informed by family systems theory (Cox & Paley, 1997), we analyzed data from the 2019 AARP caregiver survey (NAC & AARP, 2021) to examine demographics, experiences, and outcomes between solo (96%) and parent-child ( &lt; 18) dyad (4%) caregivers of an adult 65+ (N = 921). Adult caregivers were mostly female (59%), non-Hispanic White (63%), and cared for an old-old recipient (Mage = 81. 97, SD = 8.93). On average, caregivers were in midlife (Mage = 60.98, SD = 14.86, range: 19-93). Caregivers with child assistance were more likely to be Hispanic, X2(1) = 6.34, p &lt; .05, employed, X2(1) = 10.87, p &lt; .01, younger, t(46) = 8.79, p &lt; .001, and cared for a younger recipient, t(45) = 3.40, p &lt;.01. They were more likely to receive unpaid help, X2(1) = 28.02, p &lt; .001, care for their father, X2(1) = 5.15, p &lt; .05, and less likely to provide care to a spouse, X2(1) = 5.91, p &lt;. 05, and identify as the primary caregiver, X2(1) = 6.42, p &lt; .05. Preliminary ANCOVA results suggested parent-child dyad caregivers had less emotional stress F(1) = 5.64, p &lt; .05; groups were comparable for financial strain and sense of purpose. Results add to the family caregiving literature by highlighting the experiences of parent-child caregiving dyads, which might buffer against caregiving stress.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ROLE CAPTIVITY, COPING STRATEGIE,S AND DEMENTIA FAMILY CAREGIVER MENTAL HEALTH
Authors: Poe Abigail , Alvarez Loreli , Wood Mallory , Puga Frank 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Informal caregivers of individuals living with dementia have an increased risk for experiencing depressive and anxiety symptoms. The stress-process model posits that situational stressors and stress moderators, such as role captivity and coping strategies, predict worse mental health outcomes; however, relatively little is known about the relationship between role captivity and specific coping strategies dementia caregivers use to manage caregiving-related stress. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between role captivity, coping strategies, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. A preliminary analysis was conducted on a sample of community-dwelling family caregivers (N=30) from an ongoing national study on daily caregiving experiences. Data were analyzed using regression analysis. Dementia family caregivers reported moderate anxiety symptoms, measured by the GAD-7 (M= 11.86, SD= 4.39) and moderate depressive symptoms, measured by the CESD, (M=19.59, SD= 12.67). The sample’s mean age was 54.7 years old and 76.7% female. Role captivity was positively associated with depression (β=2.98, t(28) = 3.94, p&lt; 0.001) and anxiety (β= 0.92, t(28) = 3.31, p&lt; 0.01) among dementia caregivers. Avoidant coping was positively associated role captivity (β=0.31, t(28) = 4.27, p&lt; 0.001). The results of this study suggest role captivity is associated with an increase in depression and anxiety among dementia caregivers. Further, avoidant coping is associated with an increase in role captivity reported by caregivers. The findings from this study support the benefit of interventions that help dementia family caregivers in their role and promote the use of positive coping strategies.
AGE EFFECTS ON WHITE MATTER TOPOLOGY IN OLDER ADULTS AT HIGH RISK OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Ai Meishan , Tinney Emma , Hillman Charles , Spreng Nathan , Kramer Arthur , Geddes Maiya ,   PREVENT-AD Research Group
Published: December 2023

Abstract
White matter integrity shows age-related declines in later life. Studies have found altered topological changes of white matter networks in healthy aging populations. We investigated cross-sectional association between white matter network topology, age, education, and cognition in older adults at high-risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A total of 153 cognitively healthy participants (age=67.78±5.03, 111 female, 54 APOE-4 carriers) who have at least one close family member diagnosed with AD from the Pre-symptomatic Evaluation of Experimental or Novel Treatments for Alzheimer’s Disease (PREVENT-AD) cohort were included in the study. Whole brain diffusion images were obtained and submitted to preprocessing, fiber tracking and connectome creation in MRtrix. Test scores from the Trail Making task, Stroop task, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) were included as cognitive function measures. We found that older age was significantly associated with greater modularity (r2=0.48, p corrected&lt; 0.001), lower density (r2=0.32, p corrected&lt; 0.001), greater betweenness centrality (r2=0.39, p corrected=0.003), and greater clustering coefficient (r2=0.05, p corrected=0.042). Older age was also significantly associated with longer Trail Making time series B (r2=0.11, p corrected=0.012) and fewer recalled words (r2=0.18, p corrected=0.007). We further found that participants with higher educational attainment showed less age-related changes in modularity (t=2.42, p=0.017) and density (t=2.40, p=0.018). However, these graph theory measures were not associated with cognitive performance. In conclusion, age related to whole-brain white matter network topology in high-risk healthy older adults, and education may attenuate this relationship. The current study deepens our understanding of white matter changes in high-risk aging.
CHANGES IN ADIPOSITY AND COGNITION AMONG EARLY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN FOLLOWING HORMONE TREATMENT
Authors: Dowling Maritza , Manson JoAnn , Naftolin Frederick , Harman Sherman , Hammers Dustin , Cedars Marcelle , Kantarci kejal , Gleason Carey 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Evidence suggests that early postmenopausal hormone treatment (MHT) may attenuate metabolic effects on dementia pathogenesis. Using Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS) and KEEPS-Continuation data, we investigated heterogeneity in the associations between longitudinal central adiposity (CA), MHT, and cognition, hypothesizing that CA would be related to cognition and that MHT would favorably alter this relationship. KEEPS participants (previously randomized to 48 months treatment with placebo or HT with oral conjugated equine estrogens + progesterone or transdermal 17-β-estradiol+ progesterone) were recruited for KEEPS-Continuation ~10 years post-randomization. Cognitive tests from both studies were analyzed as four-factor scores. Using the original KEEPS data (n=662), growth mixture modeling identified distinct CA trajectories (classes) across 48 months of MHT, which predicted cognition at 48 months and ~10 years, adjusting for covariates. Adiposity trajectories included “low-CA” and “high-CA” classes. Low-CA women exhibited stable low-CA throughout MHT. High-CA women’s adiposity was initially elevated but declined significantly after 48 months of MHT. After adjusting for covariates, the high (versus low) CA class predicted significantly lower cognitive factors scores at month 48 with one exception – Verbal-Learning & Memory. Ten years later, high-CA women (n=299) scored significantly lower on two factors. MHT predicted neither CA trajectories nor cognitive performance at 48 months or 10 years later. Adiposity levels significantly declined in the high-CA class on MHT but not placebo and was associated with diminished cognitive function. CA influenced short-and long-term cognition. Organ/tissue studies should examine how heterogeneity in adiposity levels interacts with MHT and other factors driving dementia pathogenesis.
DIGITAL CLOCK DRAWING PERFORMANCE ASSOCIATIONS WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE GENETIC RISK SCORE AND APOE IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Thompson Louisa , Cummings Michael , Emrani Sheina , Libon David , Ang Alvin , Karjadi Cody , Au Rhoda , Liu Chunyu Liu Chunyu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older adults, but most people are not diagnosed until clinical signs and symptoms are present. Non-invasive and cost-effective digital biomarkers for AD have the potential to improve early detection. We examined the validity of DCTclockTM (a digitized clock drawing task) as an AD susceptibility biomarker. We used two primary independent variables, Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele carrier status and polygenic risk score (PRS). We examined APOE and PRS associations with DCTclockTM composite scores as dependent measures. We used existing data from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), a community-based study with the largest dataset of digital clock drawing data to date. The sample consisted of 2,398 older adults ages 60-94 with DCTclockTM data (mean age of 72.3, 55% female and 92% White). PRS was calculated using 38 variants identified in a recent large genome-wide association study (GWAS) and meta-analysis of late-onset AD (LOAD). Results showed that DCTclockTM performance decreased with advancing age, lower education, and the presence of one or more copies of APOE ε4. Lower DCTclockTM Total Score as well as lower composite scores for Information Processing Speed and Drawing Efficiency were significantly associated with higher PRS levels and more copies of APOE ε4. Associations displayed similar effect sizes in men and women. This is the first study to demonstrate significant differences in clock drawing performance on the basis of APOE status or PRS.
IDENTIFYING MARKERS OF NEURODEGENERATION FOR MOTORIC COGNITIVE RISK SYNDROME
Authors: Ofori Edward , Hooten Madeline , Ortega Marcus , Barajas Jordan , James Dara 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cognitive disorders, particularly dementia, are a major cause of disability in the elderly population. Gait disturbances, decreased grip strength and memory complaints are early signs of dementia that can occur well before the disease manifests. To better understand the close interactions between the physical and cognitive domains, the concept of Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCRS) has been proposed. We had 25 older adults (10 cognitively unimpaired and 15 with MCRS) generate multiple force pulses at 15% of their maximum voluntary contraction with a fixed duration of 2 seconds for each pulse in which participants must rely on visual spatial abilities to gauge the amount force required in real-time to reach the criterion target. We also assessed neurofilament light chain levels also a blood-based marker of neuronal loss. Our results indicate the MCRS group demonstrated blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) hyperactivity in visual cortical/hippocampal regions, parahippocampal regions, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The MCRS group also demonstrated BOLD hypoactivity in primarily involved with movement, such as cerebellar lobules, supplementary motor areas, middle frontal gyrus, and prefrontal cortex areas.be useful in tracking disease progression. We also found a significant strong positive correlation (0.83) between serum NFL levels and Right BOLD coefficients only for the CI group. This finding suggests that these motor task fMRI measures may be specific in tracking neurodegeneration in MCRS group. Overall, the current preliminary findings provide novel insights into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying early changes in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.
THE EFFECT OF EARLY SCHOOLING EXPERIENCES AND ADHD POLYGENIC RISK ON COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN LATE LIFE
Authors: Mansoor Marrium , Katz Benjamin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by executive function (EF) deficits that may impact academic performance, workplace achievement, and other outcomes throughout adulthood. Although 6.76% of adults worldwide may be affected by ADHD, the interplay of early life factors and genetic risk is still not fully understood, especially in the context of cognitive function in later life. While literature suggests that early life experiences may moderate the links between genetic risk for ADHD and later life cognition, few studies have examined these links quantitatively. This research included ~7000 participants from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally-representative longitudinal study of 37,000 Americans. A moderation analysis was conducted to examine the effect of repeating a year of school before the age of 18 on the relationship between ADHD risk and EF performance as measured by scores on Number Series and Serial 7s tests. Results showed that ADHD genetic risk significantly predicted performance on EF measures; furthermore, the interaction term was significant while controlling for demographics, self-rated health, and maternal education. However, only older adults with low polygenic risk for ADHD displayed differential cognitive performance as a function of early-life academic adversity, while those with high polygenic risk displayed reduced performance on EF-related measures regardless of whether they repeated a grade. This finding suggests that the effect of genetic risk for ADHD on later life EF performance may remain stable across earlier educational experiences and informs future work examining the impact of gene-environment interactions on cognition in later life.
LATE-LIFE PLASMA PROTEINS ASSOCIATE WITH PREVALENT AND INCIDENT FRAILTY: A PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Liu Fangyu , Austin Thomas , Schrack Jennifer , Walston Jeremy , Mathias Rasika , Coresh Josef , Walker Keenan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Proteomic approaches have unique advantages in the identification of biological pathways that influence physical frailty, a multifactorial geriatric syndrome predictive of adverse health outcomes in older adults. To date, few proteomic studies included prefrailty as a separate state or follow the participants for incident frailty. We evaluated 4955 plasma proteins (log 2-transformed and standardized) measured using SomaScan in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Community (ARIC) study. We used multinomial logistic regression models for the cross-sectional associations of the proteins with prefrailty and frailty as two distinct states (N=3838), and logistic regression models for the longitudinal associations with incident frailty over the 6-year follow-up (N=1708). After adjusting for demographics, health indicators, and comorbidities, 136 and 186 proteins were cross-sectionally associated with prefrailty and frailty, respectively, after Bonferroni correction (p&lt; 1.01x10-5); 24 and 84 of which were replicated in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) using the same models (FDR p&lt; 0.05). Notably, higher odds of prefrailty and frailty were observed with higher concentrations of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15; OR[discovery]=1.50 and 2.17, respectively), transgelin (TAGLN; OR[discovery]=1.43 and 2.43, respectively), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2; OR[discovery]=1.43 and 2.08, respectively), and lower concentration of growth hormone receptor (GHR, OR[discovery]=0.70 and 0.47, respectively). Longitudinally, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) predicted incident frailty (OR[discovery]=1.64). Pathway and upstream regulator analyses revealed that mechanisms related to lipid metabolism, axonal guidance, inflammation and cell senescence became dysregulated in the prefrail stage and persisted into frail stage, offering new insights into frailty etiology and targets for early intervention.
PROSPECTIVE MULTI-OMIC ANALYSIS OF HUMAN LONGEVITY COHORTS IDENTIFIES ANALYTE NETWORKS ASSOCIATED WITH LONGEVITY
Authors: Pflieger Lance , Watanabe Kengo , Robinson Max , Glusman Gustavo , Lapidus Jodi , Fiehn Oliver , Moritz Robert , Rappaport Noa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Serum based biomarkers of longevity have long been sought to explain the mechanisms of healthy aging and longevity. Using a 1:3 case cohort design, the Longevity Consortium has produced untargeted mass spectrometry based proteomic and metabolomic datasets from serum of four cohorts with longevity status, defined as those that reached the age corresponding to the 98th percentile of survival using sex specific and birth cohort specific survival percentiles. The cohorts are the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men study, the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, and the Cardiovascular Health Study. In this study, we integrate metabolomics and proteomics using machine learning and system biology approaches to construct multi-omic signatures predictive of longevity and healthy aging. We identify networks enriched for biomarkers previously shown to be associated with longevity such as apolipoproteins, along with novel associations, and we further compare with our findings in a mouse omics LC dataset of molecular changes induced by life-extending interventions. We show substantial differences between male and female longevity networks. The study highlights the effectiveness of using integrative systems biology methods to capture the heterogeneity of underlying molecular aging phenotypes, in order to generate a robust signature of longevity. The identified biomarker signatures may have significant implications for the development of personalized interventions aimed at promoting healthy aging and preventing age-related diseases.
INTERRUPTED TIME SERIES ANALYSIS OF THE 2015 DUTCH LONG-TERM CARE: ACUTE HOSPITAL UTILIZATION OF OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Wammes Joost , Bakx Pieter , Wouterse Bram , Buurman Bianca , Murphy Terrence , Vroomen Janet MacNeil 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In 2015, the Dutch government implemented a long-term care (LTC) reform primarily designed to promote older adults (≥65 years old) to age-in-place. Increased proportions of older adults living in the community may have resulted in more and longer acute hospitalizations. We evaluated the reform’s association with the monthly rate of acute clinical hospitalization and monthly average hospital length of stay (LOS), using an interrupted time series design of national hospital data (2009 to 2018) that controlled for population growth and seasonality, and calculated adjusted incident rate ratios (IRR). The pre-reform trend of hospitalization rate was increasing (IRR 1.002, 95% CI 1.001-1.002). A positive average reform effect was observed (IRR 1.116, 95% CI 1.070-1.165), accompanied by a negative change in trend (IRR 0.996, 95% CI 0.995-0.998). This resulted in a decreasing trend over the post-reform period (IRR 0.997, 95% CI 0.997-0.999). The pre-reform trend of LOS was decreasing (IRR 0.998, 95% CI 0.997-0.998), and the 2015 reform exhibited a positive change in trend (IRR 1.002, 95% CI 1.002-1.003). This resulted in a stabilization of LOS in the post-reform period (IRR 0.999, 95% CI 0.999-1.00). Our findings suggest that the increase in the rate of acute hospitalization after the reform implementation was temporary, whereas the LOS appeared to be longer than expected.