bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empowering Site‐Specific Bioconjugations In Vitro and In Vivo: Advances in Sortase Engineering and Sortase‐Mediated Ligation
Authors: Zou Zhi , Ji Yu , Schwaneberg Ulrich 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSortase‐mediated ligation (SML) has emerged as a powerful and versatile methodology for site‐specific protein conjugation, functionalization/labeling, immobilization, and design of biohybrid molecules and systems. However, the broader application of SML faces several challenges, such as limited activity and stability, dependence on calcium ions, and reversible reactions caused by nucleophilic side‐products. Over the past decade, protein engineering campaigns and particularly directed evolution, have been extensively employed to overcome sortase limitations, thereby expanding the potential application of SML in multiple directions, including therapeutics, biorthogonal chemistry, biomaterials, and biosensors. This review provides an overview of achieved advancements in sortase engineering and highlights recent progress in utilizing SML in combination with other state‐of‐the‐art chemical and biological methodologies. The aim is to encourage scientists to employ sortases in their conjugation experiments.
Electroluminescent Clusters
Authors: Zhang Xiaojun , Xu Hui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOptoelectronic cluster materials emerge rapidly in recent years especially for light‐emitting devices, owing to their 100 % exciton harvesting and unique organic–inorganic hybrid structures with tunable excited‐state characteristics for thermally activated delayed fluorescence and/or phosphorescence and inheritable photo‐ and thermo‐stability. However, for efficient electroluminescence, excited‐state compositions of cluster emitters should be tuned through ligand engineering to enhance ligand‐centered radiative components and reduce cluster‐centered quenching states. Nonetheless, the balance of optoelectronic properties requires delicate and controllable ligand functionalization. On the other hand, in addition to balancing carrier fluxes, it showed that device engineering, especially host matrixes and interfacial optimization, can not only alleviate triplet quenching, but also modify processing and passivate defects. As consequence, the record external quantum efficiencies of cluster light‐emitting diodes already reached ≈30 %. Herein, we overview recent progress of electroluminescent cluster materials and discuss their structure–property relationships, which would inspire the continuous efforts making cluster light‐emitting diodes competent as the new generation of displays and lighting sources.
meta‐C−H Arylation of Aniline Derivatives via Palladium/ S,O‐Ligand/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: Sukowski Verena , van Borselen Manuela , Mathew Simon , de Bruin Bas , Fernández‐Ibáñez M. Ángeles 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAromatic amines are ubiquitous moieties in organic molecules and their direct functionalization is of great interest in many research areas due to their prevalence in pharmaceuticals and organic electronics. While several synthetic tools exist for the ortho‐ and para‐functionalization of anilines, the functionalization of the less reactive meta‐position is not easy to achieve with current methods. To date, the meta‐C−H arylation of aniline derivatives has been restricted to either the use of directing groups & templates, or their transformation into anilides & quaternary anilinium salts. Herein, we report the first general and efficient meta‐C−H‐arylation of non‐directed aniline derivatives via cooperative catalysis with a palladium–S,O‐ligand–norbornene system. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions with a wide range of aniline derivatives and aryl iodides, while being operationally simple and scalable. Our preliminary mechanistic investigation–including the isolation of several palladium complexes and deuterium experiments–reveal useful insights into the substituent‐effects of both the aniline‐substrate and the norbornene‐mediator during the meta‐C−H activation step.
Photochromic performance optimization of polyurethane microcapsules by interfacial polymerization method
Authors: Yang Mengfan , Yu Weidong , Han Weiyi , Wang Chaoxia , Yin Yunjie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSpiropyran photochromic materials have been widely studied in military camouflage, optical data storage, information encryption, and fashion ornaments. The non‐photochromism and low endurance of solid spiropyran make the challenges of their application. Photochromic microcapsules with a butyl acetate solution of spiropyran as core and polyurethane as shell are synthesized via interfacial polymerization. The optimized polyurethane photochromic microcapsules are prepared with a Tween 20 concentration of 4 wt%, core–shell ratio of 16:5, and spiropyran concentration of 0.40 wt%. Polyurethane photochromic microcapsules with a mean particle diameter of 0.33 μm are obtained. The morphology shows smooth spheres, and the core–shell structure is observed. Butyl acetate in the microcapsule core does not evaporate at a temperature lower than 218.01°C as the microcapsule shell insulates heat. The polyurethane photochromic microcapsules are mixed with adhesive, thickener, and water into a paste and screen‐printed on cotton fabric. The printed fabric shows the ΔE of 17.56, 11.93, and 6.96 after 80s irradiation with the xenon lamp intensity of 102, 68, and 34 mW cm−2. The light stability of the photochromic fabric is excellent as ΔE decreases about 8.28% after 20 cycles of UV‐Vis irradiation.
Thermal Transients to Accelerate Cyclic Aging of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cloos Lisa , Queisser Oliver , Chahbaz Ahmed , Paarmann Sabine , Sauer Dirk Uwe , Wetzel Thomas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCyclic aging tests of lithium‐ion batteries are very time‐consuming. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the testing time by tightening the testing conditions. However, the acceleration with this approach is limited without altering the aging mechanisms. In this paper, we investigate whether and how thermal transients accelerate the aging. The tests are performed on NMC/graphite pouch cells by applying temperatures in a range of 5 °C to 45 °C to the cell surface. The results show, that an accelerated capacity loss can be achieved in comparison to the reference cell at a steady‐state temperature of 25 °C. However, capacity difference analysis (CDA) prognoses a covering layer for the transient cells, which is confirmed upon post‐mortem analysis. We suspect the origin to lie in the dynamics of temperature fields and current distribution during temperature changes when charging. More specifically, areas of higher temperature in the cell lead to high local current densities and plating. Subsequently, high temperatures promote the reaction of the plated lithium with electrolyte. The results show that thermal transients are a critical condition for lifetime and safety and should be treated with caution as they can occur during real life operation.
Dimensionality reduction in diffusion–reaction systems
Authors: Park Kihyun , Kim Taejun , Kim Hyojoon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe generalized solutions of the dimensionality reduction problem in diffusion–reaction systems have been found for the first time by rigorously decoupling probability functions. Numerically exact results are obtained by straightforwardly applying the generalized solution to three models: protein‐DNA binding model (3D‐1D reduction), surface‐mediated diffusion (3D‐2D reduction), and line‐mediated diffusion cases (2D‐1D reduction). The results are confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations.
Treating ADHD: Information for parents from FDA, CDC, and AAP
Authors: Knopf Alison 
Published: December 2023

Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder, also known as ADHD, is a condition that often begins between ages 3 and 6, according to the National Institute of Mental Health (https://bit.ly/3sUSkXw). And it's not just a childhood disease. ADHD may continue through the teenage years and into adulthood.
An uncommon problem: Overcoming the challenges of rectal foreign bodies—A case series and literature review
Authors: Maddah Ghodratollah , Abdollahi Abbas , Tavassoli Alireza , Mashhadi Mohammad Taghi Rajabi , Mehri Ali , Etezadpour Mohammad 
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical MessageAlthough rectal foreign bodies are rare presentations, this condition should be considered in patients with preanal pain, lower pelvic pain, or rectal bleeding.AbstractRectal foreign bodies are a rare occurrence and can pose a therapeutic challenge for surgeons. These objects may be inserted through the anus or ingested orally. This study presents a retrospective review of all cases of trapped rectal foreign bodies at a single university hospital. From 2001 to 2020, twelve cases of rectal foreign bodies were diagnosed and treated at Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad. Demographic information, type of foreign body, clinical presentation, and removal method were collected retrospectively. All cases of rectal foreign bodies entered through the anus. Twelve cases involved male patients, with a mean age of 47.5 years (ranging from 24 to 70 years), and two cases involved female patients, with a mean age of 29.5 years (ranging from 29 to 30 years). Patients' main complaint was defecation disorder, accounting for 57% of cases. The types of rectal foreign bodies included two body sprays, two wood pieces, two glass bottles, glasses, eggplants, cucumbers, squash, and anal dilators. One case involved surgical gas. In five cases, rectal foreign bodies were removed under general anesthesia through the rectum by dilatation. Rectal foreign bodies were removed by rectosigmoidoscopy in three cases, forceps in two cases, and abdominal maneuvers in one case. Only one case required laparotomy. Minor complications such as scratches or small mucosal tears were observed in some cases after removal of the foreign body, but no deaths were reported. Although rectal foreign bodies are rare, this condition should be considered in patients with preanal pain, lower pelvic pain, or rectal bleeding when no justification for recent endoscopic examinations is found. Most rectal foreign bodies are removed through the anus under appropriate anesthesia. Rectosigmoidoscopy is a good alternative if needed. Surgical measures are necessary for cases that lead to peritonitis or are likely to cause serious injury.
Towards a General Access to 1‐Azaspirocyclic Systems via Photoinduced, Reductive Decarboxylative Radical Cyclizations
Authors: Kiprova Natalia , Desnoyers Marine , Narobe Rok , Klufts‐Edel Arthur , Chaud Juliane , König Burkhard , Compain Philippe , Kern Nicolas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA convenient and versatile approach to important 1‐azaspirocyclic systems relevant to medicinal chemistry and natural products is reported herein. The main strategy relies on a reductive decarboxylative cyclization of redox‐active esters which can be rapidly assembled from abundant cyclic azaacids and tailored acceptor sidechains, with a focus on alkyne acceptors enabling the generation of useful exo‐alkene moieties. Diastereoconvergent variants were studied and could be achieved either through remote stereocontrol or conformational restriction in bicyclic carbamate substrates. Two sets of metal‐free photocatalytic conditions employing inexpensive eosin Y were disclosed and studied experimentally to highlight key mechanistic divergences.
Intracellular RNA Labeling Technologies for the Analysis of RNA Biology†
Authors: Zhao Ruiqi , Fang Xin , Weng Xiaocheng 
Published: December 2023

Comprehensive SummaryAs a cornerstone of the central dogma of molecular biology, RNA plays vital roles in living organisms. Over the past few decades, many RNA labeling technologies have been developed to elucidate the biological function of RNA. These technologies have significantly advanced our understanding of RNA secondary structure, localization, and turnover. Additionally, taking advantage of these innovative RNA labeling approaches, plenty of tool kits have been devised for the regulation of RNA‐related biological process, such as gene expression and gene editing. In this review, we primarily focus on an array of intracellular RNA labeling methods, encompassing chemical probes‐based labeling, metabolic labeling, and proximity‐dependent labeling. We also provide a brief overview of their applications in the research of RNA biology. Finally, the perspectives of RNA labeling are also discussed.Key Scientists4SU was first used in1978 as a safer way to directly examine RNA synthesis. However, the enrichment of 4SU‐labeled RNA seriously relied on mercurated cellulose columns, which are toxic. In 2005, Boothroyd et al. introduced a novel covalent‐modification method of 4SU based on thiol exchange reaction. Then, Salic et al. applied 5EU, which is clickable, for RNA metabolic labeling in animals. Later, Spitale et al. designed 5EC and 2’AzU, which enabled cell specific RNA metabolic labeling under the help of specific enzyme. In 2013, directly chemical RNA labeling in living cell for RNA structure mapping was realized by Chang and Kool et al. using SHAPE reagent, which was further modified with an azide handle in 2015. Weissman, Bevilacqua and Assmann et al. introduced DMS probe that targets adenine and cytosine of RNA for RNA structure mapping in 2014. Then, Chang et al. exploited psoralen for RNA duplex mapping in 2016. Later, He, Zhou and Zhang et al. described another clickable probe N3‐kethoxal targeting guanine for RNA secondary structure mapping. Besides, Chang and Ting et al. described a proximity‐dependent RNA labeling method based on APEX in 2019, revealing subcellular RNA localization. Meanwhile, Zou and Wang et al. achieved proximity‐dependent RNA labeling using miniSOG oxidase, which provided an alternative method to investigate the spatial transcriptome. Spitale et al. utilizing photosensitizer dibromofluorescein (DBF) to realize proximity‐dependent RNA labeling and sequencing.
Sodium‐Substituted Tungsten Oxide Nanoflowers: An Efficient Electrode Enhancing the Pseudocapacitive Storage in Aqueous Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Nishad Harishchandra S. , Gupta Shobhnath P. , Kotha Vishal , Magdum Vikas V. , Gawade Vinayak V. , Patole Shashikant P. , Biradar Ankush V. , Walke Pravin S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElectrode materials engineering at the nanoscale is essential to improve the electrochemical performance for next‐generation energy storage devices. Herein, a novel approach of sodium substitution in the tungsten oxide matrix is highligting the enhancement of the pseudocapacitor performance of the electrode in an aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor. The sodium‐substituted tungsten trioxide (NWO) and pristine tungsten oxide (PWO) nanoflowers prepared by a single‐step hydrothermal process has presented. The tetragonal crystal structure and nanoflower morphology has maintained even after Na substitution. The electrochemical properties of PWO and NWO have investigated with three‐electrode setups in 1 M H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. The specific capacitance of PWO and NWO exhibits 104 F g−1 and 476 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, respectively. Furthermore, an aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor (AAS) of NWO demonstrates a specific capacitance of 41 F g−1, an energy density of 13 W h kg−1, and a power density of 3750 W kg−1. An excellent stability of AAS has achieved with 100 % capacitance retention from 1000 to 5000 cycles. The sodium substitution significantly enhanced the pseudocapacitive behavior, attributed to enhanced electroactive sites, conductivity, surface area, and chemical stability. It shows the potential of NWO nanoflowers as a promising candidate for next‐generation supercapacitor devices.
An Algebraic Blueprint for Predicting Turnover Numbers and Endpoints in Photocatalysis
Authors: Klingler Sarah , Hlavatsch Michael , Bagemihl Benedikt , Mengele Alexander K. , Gaus Anna‐Laurine , von Delius Max , Rau Sven , Mizaikoff Boris 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhotocatalysis is a contemporary research field given that the world's fossil energy resources including coal, mineral oil and natural gas are finite. The vast variety of photocatalytic systems demands for standardized protocols facilitating an objective comparison. While there are commonly accepted performance indicators such as the turnover number (TON) that are usually reported, to date there is no unified concept for the determination of TONs and the endpoint of the reaction during continuous measurements. Herein, we propose an algebraic approach using defined parameters and boundary conditions based on partial‐least squares regression for generically calculating and predicting the turnover number and the endpoint of a photocatalytic experiment. Furthermore, the impact of the analysis period was evaluated with respect to the fidelity of the obtained TON, and the influence of the data point density along critical segments of the obtained fitting function is demonstrated.
The impact of digital transformation on ESG performance and the moderation of mixed‐ownership reform: The evidence from Chinese state‐owned enterprises
Authors: Zhang Shenshen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article selects state‐owned enterprises listed on the A‐share market of China from 2010 to 2021 as the research sample, and adopts the Ordered Logistic Model to analyze the relationship between digital transformation (DX) and environment, social and governance (ESG) performance of enterprises, and studies the moderating effect of mixed‐ownership reform. The study found that: the DX of state‐owned enterprises can indeed improve ESG performance, and its time lag effect is significant; for state‐owned enterprises located in high‐tech industries, with higher level of marketization, or in the maturity stage, their DX has a significant promoting effect on ESG performance; In addition, mixed‐ownership reform can amplify the positive impact of DX of state‐owned enterprises on ESG performance.
Measuring museum sustainability within the framework of institutional theory: A dictionary‐based content analysis of French and British National Museums' annual reports
Authors: Cerquetti Mara , Sardanelli Domenico , Ferrara Concetta 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the context of increasing attention on museum sustainability, this research adopts a dictionary‐based, content‐analysis approach to measure the degree of sustainability disclosed in European museum annual reports and similar documents. The analysis is carried out through the lens of institutional theory, assuming that the presence of formal and informal regulations positively affects the level of sustainability in annual reporting practices. Furthermore, the paper discusses the level of sustainability disclosed by different types of museums and the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the extent of sustainability‐oriented reporting. The article compares top public museums in the UK and France, the European countries where accountability practices are most deeply rooted for legal and cultural reasons, and where the most visited museums in the world are located. The findings show that the type of museum and the country significantly affect the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) score, whereas mentioning COVID‐19 or the year of publication does not.
How uncertainty can determine corporate ESG performance?
Authors: Bin‐Feng Chai , Mirza Sultan Sikandar , Ahsan Tanveer , Qureshi Muhammad Azeem 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUsing Sino‐Securities Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings data, we examine how environmental uncertainty affects the ESG performance of Chinese A‐share non‐financial listed firms from 2008 to 2020. Our findings show that environmental uncertainty harms corporate ESG performance. In particular, when environmental uncertainty increases, a firm's ESG score and ESG ratings decline due to factors such as financial constraints and industry competition. We argue that as the environmental risk premium rises, it increases the real options value of postponing sustainable investment for a firm. Consequently, the firms tend to cut down their ESG investment by weighing the long‐term benefits and short‐term direct costs. The value of real options changes with the investment opportunities available to the firms and the financing constraints and competitive pressure changes the size of investment opportunities. We argue that higher financing constraints and industry competition restrict available investment opportunities and dilute the negative impact of environmental uncertainty on corporate ESG performance. These results add to the existing literature investigating the impact of uncertainty on corporate ESG performance and offer insights to regulators and enterprise managers. These results are robust to alternate proxies of ESG performance and alternate regression techniques.
Design and analysis of an improved voltage‐lift‐based extended quadratic gain boost converter with reduced voltage stress across components
Authors: Shaw Priyabrata , Garanayak Priyabrat 
Published: December 2023

SummaryIncreasing the voltage gain of traditional boost converter topologies necessitates an unsustainable increase in the operating duty ratio. Because of their inherent architecture, these topologies are incapable of shielding their individual components from the detrimental effects of extreme duty cycle operation, resulting in increased power loss and inefficient performance. With the objective of attaining a higher voltage gain at a lower duty cycle, this research presents a new quadratic type boost converter derived from an improved voltage‐lift (IVL) cell and the conventional boost converter (CBC). By including an IVL cell in CBC, the voltage conversion ratio is quadratic in nature, and the steady‐state performances are improved over those of CBC. This proposed architecture includes a few new parts, such as capacitors, diodes, and an inductor but no controllable switches, thus the close loop control stays the same. During the entire range of the duty cycle, the proposed boost topology outperforms the conventional quadratic boost converter (CQBC) in terms of dc voltage gain. In addition, the voltage stresses on devices (such as switch and diodes) and intermediate capacitors are reduced compared with CQBC. In steady‐state conditions, the voltage gain and design expressions of the storage elements are determined using time‐domain analysis. The suggested extended quadratic gain boost converter (EQGBC) stands out because of its multiple benefits over existing step‐up converter topologies. The suggested EQGBC has been tested by simulation and hardware implementation to ensure its key performance features. A laboratory‐scaled prototype is developed, which has the capability of boosting the low input voltage of 12 V to a higher value of 48 V at a switching frequency of 100 kHz. The experimental outputs are in close accord with the simulation findings and mathematical analysis.