bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of Tr1 lymphocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Knott-Torcal C. , de la Blanca N. S. , Serrano-Somavilla A. , Hernández R. M. , Sampedro-Núñez M. , Ruiz-Rosso B. , Jiménez-Blanco S. , González-Amaro R. , González-Baranda L. , Garcimartin A. , Marazuela M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is usually accompanied by a low-grade inflammatory phenomenon, which participates in the pathogenesis of different complications of this condition. The inflammatory response is under the regulation of different mechanisms, including T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes. However, the possible role of type 1 T regulatory (Tr1) cells in T2DM has not been explored so far.

Aim
To carry out a quantitative analysis of Tr1 lymphocytes and other immune cell subsets in patients with T2DM and correlate these results with clinical findings and treatments.

Materials and methods
Sixty patients with T2DM and twenty-three healthy controls were included in the study. Biochemical and anthropometric variables were evaluated, and Tr1 lymphocytes (CD4+CD49+LAG-3+IL-10+) and other cell subsets (Th17, Th22 and Foxp3 + Treg cells) were analyzed in peripheral blood samples by multiparametric flow cytometry.

Results
Significant increased levels of Tr1 cells were detected in patients with severe and mild disease, compared to healthy controls. In addition, CD4+IL-10+ lymphocytes were also increased in patients with T2DM. In contrast, similar levels of Foxp3+ Treg cells, Th17 and Th22 lymphocytes were observed in patients and controls. Likewise, no significant associations were detected between Tr1 cell levels and different clinical and laboratory parameters. However, those patients receiving glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RA) showed similar levels of Tr1 cells than healthy controls, and significant lower numbers than untreated patients.

Conclusion
We observed an increase in Tr1 and CD4+IL10+ lymphocyte levels in T2DM. Moreover, GLP1-RA treatment was significantly associated with normalization of the Tr1 levels. This highlights another potential immune dysfunction in patients with T2DM, which could participate in the pathogenesis of this condition.
Meta-Analysis of Biochar as an Amendment for Arsenic Mitigation in Paddy Soils
Authors: Mandal Jajati , Sharma Pushpa Kumari , Mondal Debapriya , Wood Michael D. , Hutchinson Simon M. , Kirby Jason , Srivastava Prashant 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of biochar in immobilizing arsenic (As) in contaminated paddy soils and its impact on As availability and bioaccumulation in rice, as well as rice plant biomass.

Recent Findings
Recent studies have focused on managing As contamination in agricultural fields, with a particular focus on South and Southeast Asia, where rice, a primary food source and As accumulator, is of significant concern. Biochar, a product of biomass pyrolysis, has emerged as a viable solution for environmental remediation due to its effectiveness in immobilizing metal(loid)s in water and soil. The successful implementation of biochar as a soil amendment strategy has led to growing interest in its use as an effective means of reducing the bioaccumulation and availability of metal(loid)s, including As.

Summary
A meta-analysis of 25 studies revealed that biochar generated from maize and sewage sludge successfully reduced As availability and bioaccumulation in rice grains. In addition, the use of biochar led to higher biomass and yield of rice crops compared to control groups. Modified biochar was more effective in decreasing As availability, likely due to interactions with iron and calcium phases or complexes occurring in or on the biochars. Nevertheless, at elevated biochar dosages, As mobilization was noted in field conditions which warrants further investigation.
An enhanced abnormal information expression spatiotemporal model for anomaly detection in multivariate time-series
Authors: Ge Di , Cheng Yuhang , Cao Shuangshuang , Ma Yanmei , Wu Yanwen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe detection of anomalies in high-dimensional time-series has always played a crucial role in the domain of system security. Recently, with rapid advancements in transformer model and graph neural network (GNN) technologies, spatiotemporal modeling approaches for anomaly detection tasks have been greatly improved. However, most methods focus on optimizing upstream time-series prediction tasks by leveraging joint spatiotemporal features. Through experiments, we found that this modeling approach not only risks the loss of some original anomaly information during data preprocessing, but also focuses on optimizing the performance of the upstream prediction task and does not directly enhance the performance of the downstream detection task. We propose a spatiotemporal anomaly detection model that incorporates an improved attention mechanism in the process of temporal modeling. We adopt a heterogeneous graph contrastive learning approach in spatio modeling to compensate for the representation of anomalous behavioral information, thereby guiding the model through thorough training. Through validation on two widely used real-world datasets, we demonstrate that our model outperforms baseline methods. We also explore the impact of multivariate time-series prediction tasks on the detection task, and visualize the reasons behind the benefits gained by our model.
Indefinitely repeated contests with incumbency advantage
Authors: Deck Cary , Dorobiala Zachary , Jindapon Paan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe study an indefinitely repeated Tullock contest in which the stage-game winner gains an incumbency advantage in the next stage-game. The incumbent's advantage allows the incumbent to carry over a proportion of their expenditure in the previous contest to the next contest. Theoretically, this advantage is not predicted to have a large impact on total expenditure. However, in a controlled laboratory experiment, we find the incumbency advantage increases total expenditure by a significant amount. Further, we find that carryover has a discouraging effect on challengers while encouraging incumbents react in a retaliatory manner.
Early Maladaptive Schemas and Their Associations with Perceived Parental Bonding among Adolescents Entering Specialized Health Care
Authors: Saarijärvi Pauliina , Salmivalli Christina , Helmi Saija , Karukivi Max 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEarly maladaptive schemas (EMSs) have scarcely been studied in adolescents. The present study investigates EMSs in two clinical samples of 12–22-year-olds recruited from patients entering a specialized adolescent psychiatry clinic [n = 190] or a pediatric clinic [n = 119] in Finland. The endorsement of EMSs was compared between these samples, and the association of EMSs with perceived parental bonding was assessed. EMSs were assessed with the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 2-Extended and particularly affectionless control parenting style with the Parental Bonding Instrument. The main analyses were conducted using general linear modeling. Significant differences existed between the two samples, with most EMSs and EMS domains being stronger in the adolescent psychiatry sample. The Disconnection and Rejection domain was associated with maternal affectionless control in the adolescent psychiatry sample and paternal affectionless control in the pediatric sample. The results provide novel findings of EMSs in adolescents and their links to parenting.
2023—A twofold commemoration: the 100th birthday of Walsh functions and the 50th anniversary of Professor Joseph Leonard Walsh’s death
Authors: Butzer Paul L. , Pichler Franz , Schipp Ferenc , Stanković Radomir S. , Stens Rudolf L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn 2023, it is 100 years after the introduction of Walsh functions and 50 years after the death of their introducer Joseph Leonard Walsh. This paper is an homage to J. L. Walsh and presents some insights into the development of Walsh and dyadic analysis with applications of Walsh functions in both mathematics and various areas of computing and engineering. The presentation is based on reminiscences of the authors acting in these areas.
Machine Learning Interpretability of Outer Radiation Belt Enhancement and Depletion Events
Authors: Ma Donglai , Bortnik Jacob , Ma Qianli , Hua Man , Chu Xiangning 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe investigate the response of outer radiation belt electron fluxes to different solar wind and geomagnetic indices using an interpretable machine learning method. We reconstruct the electron flux variation during 19 enhancement and 7 depletion events and demonstrate the feature attribution analysis called SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) on the superposed epoch results for the first time. We find that the intensity and duration of the substorm sequence following an initial dropout determine the overall enhancement or depletion of electron fluxes, while the solar wind pressure drives the initial dropout in both types of events. Further statistical results from a data set with 71 events confirm this and show a significant correlation between the resulting flux levels and the average AL index, indicating that the observed “depletion” event can be more accurately described as a “non‐enhancement” event. Our novel SHAP‐Enhanced Superposed Epoch Analysis (SHESEA) method can offer insight in various physical systems.
The Interplay Between Pore‐Scale Heterogeneity, Surface Roughness, and Wettability Controls Trapping in Two‐Phase Fluid Displacement in Porous Media
Authors: Geistlinger Helmut , Golmohammadi Saeed , Zulfiqar Bilal , Schlueter Steffen , Segre Enrico , Holtzman Ran 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPredicting the compactness of the invasion front and the amount of trapped fluid left behind is of crucial importance to applications ranging from microfluidics and fuel cells to subsurface storage of carbon and hydrogen. We examine the interplay of wettability, macro‐ and pore scale heterogeneity (pore angularity and pore wall roughness), and its influence on flow patterns formation and trapping efficiency in porous media by a combination of 3D micro‐CT imaging with 2D direct visualization of micromodels. We observe various phase transitions between the following capillary flow regimes (phases): (a) compact advance, (b) wetting and drainage Invasion percolation, (c) Ordinary percolation.
Performance of Regional Climate Model Precipitation Simulations Over the Terrain‐Complex Andes‐Amazon Transition Region
Authors: Gutierrez Ricardo A. , Junquas Clémentine , Armijos Elisa , Sörensson Anna A. , Espinoza Jhan‐Carlo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRegional climate models (RCMs) are widely used to assess future impacts associated with climate change at regional and local scales. RCMs must represent relevant climate variables in the present‐day climate to be considered fit‐for‐purpose for impact assessment. This condition is particularly difficult to meet over complex regions such as the Andes‐Amazon transition region, where the Andean topography and abundance of tropical rainfall regimes remain a challenge for numerical climate models. In this study, we evaluate the ability of 30 regional climate simulations (6 RCMs driven by 10 global climate models) to reproduce historical (1981–2005) rainfall climatology and temporal variability over the Andes‐Amazon transition region. We assess spatio‐temporal features such as spatial distribution of rainfall, focusing on the orographic effects over the Andes‐Amazon “rainfall hotspots” region, and seasonal and interannual precipitation variability. The Eta RCM exhibits the highest spatial correlation (up to 0.6) and accurately reproduces mean annual precipitation and orographic precipitation patterns across the region, while some other RCMs have good performances at specific locations. Most RCMs simulate a wet bias over the highlands, particularly at the eastern Andean summits, as evidenced by the 100%–2,500% overestimations of precipitation in these regions. Annual cycles are well represented by most RCMs, but peak seasons are exaggerated, especially at equatorial locations. No RCM is particularly skillful in reproducing the interannual variability patterns. Results highlight skills and weaknesses of the different regional climate simulations, and can assist in the selection of regional climate simulations for impact studies in the Andes‐Amazon transition zone.
Mobile Observations of Ozone and Aerosols in Alabama: Southeastern US Summer Pollution and Coastal Variability
Authors: Kuang Shi , Newchurch Michael J. , McKinney Todd , Perlaky Nicolas , Tucker Paula , Stevenson Darby , Alexander Susan , Pour‐Biazar Arastoo , Knupp Kevin , Johnson Matthew S. , Sullivan John T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe present a detailed analysis of measurements of ozone (O3) and aerosols collected using multiple platforms and instruments during a 5‐day mini‐campaign in Alabama, for improving our understanding of the chemistry and air quality in the Southeastern United States. Our study features the first on‐road O3 lidar profiling on highways and the coordinated airborne observations that captured O3 and aerosol structures associated with synoptic weather conditions, stratospheric intrusions, wildfire smoke transport, and enhancements in urban areas. The Doppler wind lidar data suggest that the vertical structures and variability of O3 and aerosols at Dauphin Island, a coastal site in the Gulf of Mexico, were related to both the synoptic flow and local‐scale land‐sea breeze circulation. The onshore gulf breeze, which typically started in the afternoon, helped to quickly dilute air pollutants near the surface, resulting in large gradients toward inland areas. In contrast, gradients were much smaller on days without a gulf breeze. O3 and humidity were highly anti‐correlated in the lower free troposphere, but weakly anti‐correlated in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) suggesting more complicated emissions and sink of O3 in the PBL. Our on‐road and airborne measurement strategies to quantify the vertical and horizontal chemical gradients will be useful for future geostationary satellite validation.
Deciphering Martian Flood Infiltration Processes at Hebrus Valles: Insights From Laboratory Experiments and Remote Sensing Observations
Authors: Costard F. , Rodriguez J. A. P. , Godin E. , Séjourné A. , Kargel J. S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn evaluating the unique geomorphology of Hebrus Valles on Mars, an outflow channel southeast of Utopia Planitia, we investigated the role of fluvial dynamics in forming subsurface conduits. Unlike typical Martian channels that terminate under younger sediment rocks, Hebrus Valles retains its downstream features, thus offering a window into surface and subsurface interactions between liquid water and regolith. Employing physical lab simulations, we utilized buried polygonal tunneling configurations in a sandy matrix to replicate the incision features observed at the channel's terminus. This study provides the first lab‐based evidence demonstrating the role of conduits in conveying large floods in the Hebrus Valles. Our results lend support to the interpretation that Hebrus Valles conveyed high‐volume floods by demonstrating that conduits are necessary to form the features observed on the surface of Hebrus Valles. The experiments also highlight the role of sinkholes as floodwater capture points, which suggests the formation of a regional interconnected network of subsurface channels and caverns. These findings affirm that fluvial dynamics in Hebrus Valles could have expanded subsurface discontinuities into functioning conduit systems, potentially directing floodwaters through an interconnected subterranean network.
DMT1-dependent endosome-mitochondria interactions regulate mitochondrial iron translocation and metastatic outgrowth
Authors: Barra Jonathan , Crosbourne Isaiah , Roberge Cassandra L. , Bossardi-Ramos Ramon , Warren Janine S. A. , Matteson Kailie , Wang Ling , Jourd’heuil Frances , Borisov Sergey M. , Bresnahan Erin , Bravo-Cordero Jose Javier , Dmitriev Ruslan I. , Jourd’heuil David , Adam Alejandro P. , Lamar John M. , Corr David T. , Barroso Margarida M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTransient early endosome (EE)-mitochondria interactions can mediate mitochondrial iron translocation, but the associated mechanisms are still elusive. We showed that Divalent Metal Transporter 1 (DMT1) sustains mitochondrial iron translocation via EE-mitochondria interactions in triple-negative MDA-MB-231, but not in luminal A T47D breast cancer cells. DMT1 silencing increases labile iron pool (LIP) levels and activates PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy in MDA-MB-231 cells. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and the iron-associated protein profile were altered by DMT1 silencing and rescued by DMT1 re-expression. Transcriptomic profiles upon DMT1 silencing are strikingly different between 2D and 3D culture conditions, suggesting that the environment context is crucial for the DMT1 knockout phenotype observed in MDA-MB-231 cells. Lastly, in vivo lung metastasis assay revealed that DMT1 silencing promoted the outgrowth of lung metastatic nodules in both human and murine models of triple-negative breast cancer cells. These findings reveal a DMT1‐dependent pathway connecting EE-mitochondria interactions to mitochondrial iron translocation and metastatic fitness of breast cancer cells.
ECP versus ruxolitinib in steroid-refractory chronic GVHD – a retrospective study by the EBMT transplant complications working party
Authors: Penack Olaf , Peczynski Christophe , Boreland William , Lemaitre Jessica , Reinhardt H. Christian , Afanasyeva Ksenia , Avenoso Daniele , Holderried Tobias A. W. , Kornblit Brian Thomas , Gavriilaki Eleni , Martinez Carmen , Chiusolo Patrizia , Mico Maria Caterina , Daguenet Elisabeth , Wichert Stina , Ozdogu Hakan , Piekarska Agnieszka , Kinsella Francesca , Basak Grzegorz W. , Schoemans Hélène , Koenecke Christian , Moiseev Ivan , Peric Zinaida 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRuxolitinib has become the new standard of care for steroid-refractory and steroid-dependent chronic GVHD (SR-cGVHD). Our aim was to collect comparative data between ruxolitinib and extracorporeal photophoresis (ECP). We asked EBMT centers if they were willing to provide detailed information on GVHD grading, -therapy, -dosing, -response and complications for each included patient. 31 centers responded positively and we included all patients between 1/2017-7/2019 treated with ECP or ruxolitinib for moderate or severe SR-cGVHD. We identified 84 and 57 patients with ECP and ruxolitinib, respectively. We performed multivariate analyses adjusted on grading and type of SR-cGVHD (steroid dependent vs. refractory vs. intolerant to steroids). At day+180 after initiation of treatment for SR-cGVHD the odds ratio in the ruxolitinib group to achieve overall response vs. the ECP group was 1.35 (95% CI = [0.64; 2.91], p = 0.43). In line, we detected no statistically significant differences in overall survival, progression-free survival, non-relapse mortality and relapse incidence. The clinical significance is limited by the retrospective study design and the current data can’t replace prospective studies on ECP in SR-cGVHD. However, the present results contribute to the accumulating evidence on ECP as an effective treatment option in SR-cGVHD.
Dendritic cell therapy for neurospoagioma: Immunomodulation mediated by tumor vaccine
Authors: Qian Da , Liu Yuxiang , Zheng Jie , Cai Jinquan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNeurospagioma, arising from different glial cells such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells, stands as the prevalent intracranial tumor within the central nervous system. Among its variants, glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive form, characterized by a notably high occurrence rate and a discouragingly low survival prognosis. The formidable challenge posed by glioblastoma underscores its critical importance as a life-threatening ailment. Currently, clinical approaches often involve surgical excision along with a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, these treatments frequently result in a notable recurrence rate, accompanied by substantial adverse effects that significantly compromise the overall prognosis. Hence, there is a crucial need to investigate novel and dependable treatment strategies. Dendritic cells (DCs), being specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs), hold a significant position in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Presently, DC vaccines have gained widespread application in the treatment of various tumors, including neurospoagioma. In this review, we summarize the immunomodulatory effects and related mechanisms of DC vaccines in neurospoagioma as well as the progress of clinical trials to propose possible challenges of DC vaccines and new development directions.
Fatty acid amide hydrolase drives adult mammary gland development by promoting luminal cell differentiation
Authors: Tundidor Isabel , Seijo-Vila Marta , Blasco-Benito Sandra , Rubert-Hernández María , Moreno-Bueno Gema , Bindila Laura , de la Rosa Rubén Fernández , Guzmán Manuel , Sánchez Cristina , Pérez-Gómez Eduardo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMammary gland development occurs primarily in adulthood, undergoing extensive expansion during puberty followed by cycles of functional specialization and regression with every round of pregnancy/lactation/involution. This process is ultimately driven by the coordinated proliferation and differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. However, the endogenous molecular factors regulating these developmental dynamics are still poorly defined. Endocannabinoid signaling is known to determine cell fate-related events during the development of different organs in the central nervous system and the periphery. Here, we report that the endocannabinoid-degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) plays a pivotal role in adult mammary gland development. Specifically, it is required for luminal lineage specification in the mammary gland, and it promotes hormone-driven secretory differentiation of mammary epithelial cells by controlling the endogenous levels of anandamide and the subsequent activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors. Together, our findings shed light on the role of the endocannabinoid system in breast development and point to FAAH as a therapeutic target in milk-production deficits.
A role and mechanism for redox sensing by SENP1 in β-cell responses to high fat feeding
Authors: Lin Haopeng , Suzuki Kunimasa , Smith Nancy , Li Xi , Nalbach Lisa , Fuentes Sonia , Spigelman Aliya F. , Dai Xiao-Qing , Bautista Austin , Ferdaoussi Mourad , Aggarwal Saloni , Pepper Andrew R. , Roma Leticia P. , Ampofo Emmanuel , Li Wen-hong , MacDonald Patrick E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPancreatic β-cells respond to metabolic stress by upregulating insulin secretion, however the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show, in β-cells from overweight humans without diabetes and mice fed a high-fat diet for 2 days, insulin exocytosis and secretion are enhanced without increased Ca2+ influx. RNA-seq of sorted β-cells suggests altered metabolic pathways early following high fat diet, where we find increased basal oxygen consumption and proton leak, but a more reduced cytosolic redox state. Increased β-cell exocytosis after 2-day high fat diet is dependent on this reduced intracellular redox state and requires the sentrin-specific SUMO-protease-1. Mice with either pancreas- or β-cell-specific deletion of this fail to up-regulate exocytosis and become rapidly glucose intolerant after 2-day high fat diet. Mechanistically, redox-sensing by the SUMO-protease requires a thiol group at C535 which together with Zn+-binding suppresses basal protease activity and unrestrained β-cell exocytosis, and increases enzyme sensitivity to regulation by redox signals.