bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Immunological Aspect of Cluster Headache: The Increase of Monocyte and NK Cell Populations
Authors: Giacovazzo M. , Martelletti R , Valeri M. , Piazza A. , Casciani C.U. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISOur recent work focused on some immunological aspects of CH patients. We found a decrease in the expression of HLA‐B14 antigen on lymphocytes of these patients. In previous studies, we showed that testosterone plasma levels are low in these patients during the crises. It is possible to postulate a correlation between the variation of some hormonal parameter and changes of circulating leukocytes subsets (as in pregnancy and in the pre‐eclamptic syndrome).The following lymphocyte and monocyte subsets were studied using the monoclonal antibodies of Becton Dickinson series: Leu1 +, Leu2+, Leu3a+, Leu7+, Leu10+, ratio helper/ suppressor, LeuM3 +. We compared, using the ANOVA test, the values obtained during a phase of headache crisis versus those obtained out of crisis. A significant increase in lymphocyte subset Leu7+ (20.9±2.5 vs. 13.8±1.1, p<0.05) and in monocyte subset LeuM3 + (26.3 ± 1.4 vs. 20.8 ± 1.2, p<0.05) was observed during the phase of crisis.
Acephalgic Migraine
Authors: Kunkel Robert S. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISAcephalgic migraine is a term used interchangeably with the term migraine equivalents. These terms by definition refer to any migrainous phenomena that may occur in the absence of a migraine headache.1 Perhaps 20% of migraineurs may experience acephalgic attacks of migraine at one time or another. The idea that various symptoms can occur in the absence of any headache has been noted for hundreds of years, but very little has been written about this condition recently. Some people do not believe the symptoms that are often classified as migraine equivalents are in actuality part of the migraine syndrome. Because there is as yet no specific test for migraine, there is no proof that these various symptoms are due to the same neurovascular dysfunction we know as migraine. The diagnosis of migraine is based only on the patient's history and the exclusion of other diagnoses. It is not unusual for a headache patient to see several headache “specialists” and be given different diagnoses.Some prefer the term “migraine accompaniments” for neurological or visual symptoms occurring with or without a headache.2 The aura of the classic migraine attack may linger into the painful phase and thus “accompany” rather than just precede the headache. At times, symptoms typical of the aura may occur and may not be followed by a headache (acephalgic migraine). The term “complicated migraine”should probably be reserved for those neural and/or visual symptoms that outlast the headache by at least 24 hours and should not be used when referring to symptoms of shorter duration which may accompany the headache or which occur in the absence of migraine headache. Although non‐visual migraine equivalents are not nearly as common as visual symptoms, it is important to recognize the fact that migraine may account for almost any recurrent, transient, episodic organ dysfunction.
A Combination Drug Treatment for Acute Common Migraine
Authors: Uzogara Eugene , Sheehan David V. , Manschreck Theo C. , Jones Kenneth J. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThirty subjects were admitted to a double blind study comparing Migraleve with placebo for the relief of acute common migraine attacks. A flexible dose cross over design was used. Twenty four subjects completed the six month study. The results suggest that Migraleve may reduce the duration and possibly the severity of an acute common migraine attack. Although the study was not designed to test for prophylactic effects since the drug was taken only for acute attacks, the results suggest possible long term prophylactic effects. These findings merit further investigation. While depressed patients had a greater number of common migraine attacks of all kinds, depression did not influence the effect of the drug. No serious side effects were noted in the patients during treatment, and the trial drug had an acceptably low incidence of other side effects. Of the 15 patients who expressed a drug preference in comparing the two 3 month study periods blindly, 14 expressed a preference for the Migraleve over the placebo. Further systematic study of these findings is necessary.
The Effect of Postural Variation on the Electromyographic Evaluation of Tension Headache and Nonheadache Control Participants
Authors: Ahles Tim A. , Sikora Thomas L. , Sturgis Ellie T. , Schaefer Carol A. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISTwelve tension headache patients and 12 nonheadache controls participated in an electromyographic (EMG) evaluation in which measurements were obtained from horizontal frontalis and bilateral trapezius placements. The evaluation was conducted while the participants were in reclining, sitting and standing positions. The results demonstrated higher frontalis EMG levels for the headache participants. However, contrary to prediction, the headache participants showed no greater EMG elevations in the trapezius musculature while sitting or standing as compared to the nonheadache controls.
Locus of Control, Assertiveness, and Anxiety as Personality Variables in Stress‐Related Headaches
Authors: Jones Colin , Page Stewart 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between locus of control, assertiveness, and anxiety, on one side and headache frequency and severity, on the other. The data were obtained by questionnaires (Rotter Locus of Control Scale, Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, and a Headache Questionnaire), completed by 222 undergraduate psychology students. A significant correlation was found between anxiety and headache but it was weaker than might be expected considering that headache is commonly viewed as a physiological sign of anxiety. None of the permutations of the personality variables (e.g. internal, more assertive, and less anxious) was useful in predicting or discriminating between the frequency or severity of headache. Perceived internal locus of control and assertiveness were shown to suppress reported anxiety, but only to a minor extent. Unassertiveness was shown to be significantly related to headache severity, only for those subjects with weekly headaches. The discrepancy between reported anxiety and physiological anxiety was discussed and the utility of current self‐report measures in headache research was questioned. Future research should concentrate on investigating the hypothesis that denial is an important component in many self‐report personality measures.
Medication Compliance Among Headache Patients
Authors: Packard Russell C. , O'Connell Pat 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISMedication is a major, often primary treatment modality used in the management of headache. However,even the most thorough and well designed therapeutic regimen with appropriate medication will failwithout patient compliance. This study was designed to evaluate compliance among headache patientsbeing treated with prescribed medication. One hundred consecutive new outpatients presenting to aheadache clinic were interviewed extensively in regard to their use of prescribed medication.Fifty‐two patients (52%) were initially determined to be non‐compliant with their medication. Ten patientswho were initially considered compliant were noted to be non‐compliant during a three month follow‐upperiod. Significant in this number were three medication abusers and two alcoholics. Reasons fornon‐compliance varied widely. Age, sex, educational level and headache diagnosis were not predictive foreither compliance or non‐compliance.Discussion centers on the importance of a detailed history of medication use in headache patients,reasons for non‐compliance, and recommendations to assist compliance among headache patients.
A Quantitative Assessment of Photophobia in Migraine and Tension Headache
Authors: Drummond Peter D. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIntensity of photophobia in dull and bright light was assessed in 39 migrainous patients and 15tension headache sufferers during headache, and in 20 nonheadache control subjects. In 24 patients,measurements were repeated during the headache‐free interval. Subjective estimates of glare andlight‐induced pain were greatest in patients with migraine at the time of examination, but ratings bytension headache sufferers also exceeded control ratings at most levels of illumination. In 19 of 25patients with unilateral headache, light‐induced pain was greater on the symptomatic side. During theheadache‐free interval, glare ratings in dull and bright light, and pain ratings in bright light, weregreater in headache‐prone patients than in nonheadache controls. Sensitivity to glare could thusform part of a general hyperexcitability of the special senses, while bright light appears to exacerbatepain resulting from activation of trigeminal pain pathways during headache.
Piribedil Test in Migraine: Neruoendocrinological Aspects
Authors: Bussone G. , Frediani F. , Lamperti E. , LaMantia L. , Vescovi A. , Peccarisi C. , Boiardi A. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISPiribedil is a direct central dopamine receptor agonist drug, clinically useful in the diagnosis of migraine. It mayalso be used in the study of migraine pathogenesis, through evaluating dopaminergic “tone”.The observed effects of Piribedil on GH and PRL release, in this study, indicate the existence of dopaminereceptor hypersensitivity in migraine patients. Furthermore our data suggest also the involvement ofnoradrenergic systems in migraine pathogenesis. Estrogen levels do not influence these neuroendocrinologicalresponses to Piribedil, even though the Piribedil test in these female migraine patients was clinically positive (andtherefore diagnostically useful) only during the perimenstrual phase.
Paresthesia of the Second Division of the Trigeminal Nerve Secondary to Endodontic Manipulation with N2
Authors: Orr Daniel L. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA woman developed intractable facial pain following the use of N2 paste for endodontic filling. Radiographsrevealed a radiopaque body adjacent to the site of the nerve supplying the painful area, but removal of thisaccumulation of N2 paste failed to relieve the pain, presumably because of leaching of the components of the N2paste into the tissues. Ultimately, nerve avulsion had to be performed to relieve the pain.
Effervescent ASA Versus Solid ASA in the Treatment of Tension Headache. A Double‐Blind, Placebo Controlled Study
Authors: Langemark Michael , Olesen Jes 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThis study aimed at comparing the time courses of pain relief in tension headache after taking 648 mg solid ASA and after taking 648 mg effervescent ASA (acetyl salicylic acid). A modified double dummy technique with both solid and effervescent placebo was used. 47 patients entered, and 33 patients took all four trial drugs. No statistically significant difference between solid and effervescent ASA could be demonstrated. ASA was significantly better than placebo although the median rating of ASA in this study was unexpectedly poor ‐ as was the placebo response. This fact might have reflected the severely afflicted nature of a headache clinic's population.Different pain rating scales are compared, and it is concluded that the overall (GLOBAL) rating is sensitive, but should not be used alone, since it may sometimes reflect less relevant factors. The power of the trial was good, but reflects the comparatively poor responsiveness to ASA (low variance) in this particular patient population. An advantage of the effervescent preparation in more ASA‐responsive patients cannot be ruled out. It is advised for future studies to recruit patients from general practice rather than from a headache‐clinic population.
Management of Chronic Head and Neck Pain: Effectiveness of Altering Factors Perpetuating Myofascial Pain
Authors: Graff‐Radford Steven B. , Reeves John L. , Jaeger Bernadette 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe response of 25 chronic myofascial head and neck pain patients to a systematic musculoskeletal rehabilitation program was examined. The program emphasized the acquisition of self‐management skills through a highly structured interdisciplinary format. Physical and cognitive behavioral therapies were aimed at reducing factors which perpetuate myofascial pain. Results immediately following treatment, and at three, six and twelvemonths post‐treatment when compared to pretreatment scores, showed highly reliable reductions in self‐reports of pain and medication intake.
Plasma and Platelet Methionine‐Enkephalin Levels in Chronic Cluster Patients During an Acute Headache Episode
Authors: Mosnaim Aron D. , Diamond Seymour , Freitag Frederick , Chevesich Jorge , Wolf Marion E. , Solomon Glen 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe different phases of an acute headache episode in chronic cluster patients were generally (6 out of 8 subjects) accompanied by rapid, significant changes in platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) methionine‐enkephalin (MET) levels. In contrast to these findings, platelet MET levels remained fairly unchanged in individual subjects and the observed intergroup variations well within the range of experimental error of the analytical technique used. With each patient serving as its own control we observed that “precluster” plasma peptide levels were substantially higher than their corresponding “during crisis” values, which in turn were higher than the “postcluster” MET concentration. When considered as a group, we showed statistically significant differences between the “pre” and “during cluster” and “pre” and “postcluster” headache phases, but not between the “during” and “postcluster” group of values. Each of these six patients had “precluster” PRP peptide concentration (range 198–318 pg MET/ml) above the range of normal controls (n=19, 54–126 pg MET/ml) and dramatically higher than their own levels when analyzed approximately six months later; at this time none of the subjects were in a “pro” or “during cluster” headache phase. In the other two patients PRP MET levels were fairly unchanged during the acute headache episode, at levels falling below the x ± 1 S.D. of normal controls.These results show that, similarly to what has been reported for acute migraine headaches, the “precluster” phase of an acute cluster headache episode is accompanied by significant increases in plasma MET levels. However, and in contrast to migraine, peptide levels decrease rapidly to normal control values (“during cluster” phase), falling even further in the “postcluster” period. These results indicate that cluster patients lack the ability observed in migraineurs to keep a long lasting, sustained increase in plasma peptide concentration, a difference which could prove important for a better understanding of the possible different mechanisms involved in the modulation of the pain response between migraine and cluster headaches, as well as to differentiate biochemically both groups of patients.
Oculomotor Ophthalmoplegic Migraine in an Infant
Authors: Amit R. , Benezra D. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISOphthalmoplegia is a rare presentation of migraine. Ophthalmoplegic migraine is frequently encountered in children, but has rarely been observed in infancy. We report a case of an infant with paroxysmal episodes of vomiting followed by a few weeks long periods of oculomotor nerve palsy. The first episode occurred at 14 months of age and the second at two years. In both episodes full recovery of the ophthalmoplegia occurred without treatment. The differential diagnosis of painful ophthalmoplegia and the variety of therapeutic regimens are discussed.
Platelet Fibrinogen Receptors in Migraine Patients
Authors: Kozubski Wojciech , Walkowiak Bogdan , Cierniewski Czeslaw S. , Prusinski Antoni 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIn order to determine the platelet characteristics responsible for aggregation, the number and apparent dissociation constant (K D aPP ) of fibrinogen receptors were determined in 12 women with common migraine. The studies were performed by the use of 125 ‐fibrinogen. The patients were assessed in headache‐fee intervals. The mean number of platelet fibrinogen receptors exposed in migraine patients was significantly higher than those obtained in healthy controls (p<0.05). The (K D aPP ) in migraineurs was about three times lower than in the controls (p<0.02). The results indicate that both the number and affinity of fibrinogen receptors or platelets are increased in migraine patients. The authors conclude that this phenomenon may be responsible for the increased number of circulating platelet aggregates in migraine patients and for the prevalence of various kinds of strokes during migraine attacks.
Pentazocine in Migraine: Subjective and Pupillary Abnormal Effects
Authors: Boccuni M. , Cangi F. , Fusco B.M. , Curradi C. , Sicuteri F. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISMigraine has been hypothesized to be the clinical expression of a deficiency in pain modulating mechanisms. Abnormalities in opiate receptor responsiveness may be an aspect of this dysfunction.In migraine patients, i.v. administration of pentazocine (15 mg), a kappa and sigma opiate receptor agonist, provoked: (1) disturbances in visual and/or body image perception in 9 of the 24 treated patients, different from controls where these phenomena were never observed; (2) other symptoms which were also reported by controls; (3) miosis, without differences from controls. No differences between common and classical migraine sufferers were found.In patients complaining of perceptive disorders from pentazocine the other symptoms were longer lasting and miosis less intense than in the remaining patients, who responded to the drug as controls did. Two subgroups of patients could be defined, with and without pentazocine‐induced perceptive disturbances, the former abnormally, the latter normally reacting to the drug.Pretreatment with naloxone (0.4 mg): (a) prevented pentazocine‐induced perceptive disturbances, (b) shortened duration of the other symptoms in both patients and controls, (c) antagonized pentazocine‐induced miosis in controls but not in patients.It was discussed whether reduced miosis in patients with pentazocine‐induced perceptive disorders depends on a hyporesponsiveness of kappa receptors, or may be attributed to the sigma opiate receptor hyperreactivity upon which the perceptive disturbances seem to depend.
The Thermographically Observed Effects of Hyperoxia on Vascular Headache Patients and Non‐Headache Individuals
Authors: Swerdlow Bernard , Dieter John Nathan 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThis study utilizes electronic thermography to investigate the response of 30 headache patients (migraine and mixed) and 20 non‐headache individuals to inhaling 100% oxygen at 10 liters per minute for 5 minutes. Observations were made prior to, immediately following, and at 3, 6 and 10 minutes post‐inhalation.Thermograms were inspected to determine the influence of hyperoxia on facial pattern temperatures across time. Chi‐square analysis determined that there was a significant difference (P<.01) in response between the control group and headache patients immediately following inhalation. While the temperature of each control subject decreased, 14 (46.67%) patients displayed a 0.5 to 1.0°C paradoxical rise. There was no significant difference in response between the types of headache. Statistically significant difference in response continued during the post‐inhalation phase; at 10 minutes, 6 (20.00%) patients continued to display temperatures above baseline, The response to hyperoxia did not differ if the patient was experiencing a headache, nor did oxygen significantly reduce pain. No difference in response was noted in those patients who were prescribed beta or calcium channel block‐ere. Hyperoxia increased migraine “cold patch” size. Regardless of temperature fluctuations, facial patterns remained stable across conditions. A blind calling of pre‐ and post‐inhalation thermograms was 93% accurate.The response of the medial canthi did not significantly differ between conditions. Hyperoxia generally increased size, temperature and symmetry. During the post‐inhalation phase original patterns generally returned.This study supports previous headache/thermography findings and points to vascular dissimilarities between headache and non‐headache individuals.
Greater Occipital Neuralgia: An Unusual Presenting Feature of Neurosyphilis
Authors: Smith David L , Lucas Linda M. , Kumar Kusum L. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe syndrome of greater occipital neuralgia (GON) is a cause of chronic unilateral or bilateral headaches. It occurs when the greater occipital nerve is compressed, irritated or inflamed. We describe a case of neurosyphilis in which GON was the presenting manifestation. We discuss this previously unreported early presenting feature of neurosyphilis and its implication.
Urinary Excretion of Taurine in Migraine
Authors: Rao Anjali , Rao Suryanarayana 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe level of urinary taurine was estimated in 25 cases of common migraine. These levels were then compared with those of normal, healthy subjects. The urinary taurine levels were significantly lower in migraine. Therefore, we propose that taurine may be involved in the pathogenesis of migraine.
Classic Migraine and Intercalated Seizures in a Young Woman: Efficacy of Flunarizine
Authors: Narbone Maria Carola , D'Amico Domenico , Di Perri Raoul 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA case of a young woman suffering from both migraine and epilepsy is reported. Since the age of 28, she complained of classic migraine attacks and of generalized or partial seizures. The seizures often intercalated themselves between the visual prodrome and the painful phase of her attacks. She came to our observation at the age of 31. Neurological examination, laboratory work and CT‐scan were normal. The EEG showed an asymmetry of the background activity between the two hemispheres and medium‐voltage sharp waves, not blocking upon eye opening, in the left parieto‐temporel leads. Flunarizine was added to her anti‐convulsant therapy. It remarkably reduced the migraine attacks and controlled the intercalated seizures. After one year, flunarizine was discontinued and two intercalated seizures occurred four months later. The efficacy of flunarizine and its hypothetical mechanism of action in such a clinical condition is discussed.
Onset of Action of Ibuprofen in the Treatment of Muscle‐Contraction Headache
Authors: Schachtel Bernard P. , Thoden William R. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted to determine the onset of action of ibuprofen 400 mg in the treatment of muscle‐contraction headache. Because this represents a non‐prescription dosage of this analgesic, we evaluated subjects with a history of recurrent muscle‐con‐traction headaches that were amenable to over‐the‐counter analgesic therapy. Headache pain intensity was evaluated on a visual analog scale, and pain relief was measured on a categorical scale 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after a single 400‐mg dose of ibuprofen or placebo. Efficacy was detected within 15 minutes on the pain intensity rating scale (P<0.05) and within 30 minutes and at all subsequent time points on both the pain intensity and pain relief rating scales (P<0.001). These results indicate an early onset of action of ibuprofen 400 mg in the treatment of muscle‐contraction headache.