bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major Drug–Drug Interaction Exposure Among Medicaid-Insured Children in the Outpatient Setting
Authors: Kyler Kathryn E. , Hall Matt , Antoon James W. , Goldman Jennifer , Shah Samir S. , Tang Girdwood Sonya , Williams Derek J. , Feinstein James A. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) can cause adverse drug events, but little is known about DDI exposure in children in the outpatient setting. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of major DDI exposure and factors associated with higher DDI exposure rates among children in an outpatient setting.

METHODS
We performed a cross-sectional study of children aged 0 to 18 years with ≥1 ambulatory encounter, and ≥2 dispensed outpatient prescriptions study using the 2019 Marketscan Medicaid database. DDIs (exposure to a major DDI for ≥1 day) and the adverse physiologic effects of each DDI were identified using DrugBank’s interaction database. Primary outcomes included the prevalence and rate of major DDI exposure. We used logistic regression to assess patient characteristics associated with DDI exposure. We examined the rate of DDI exposures per 100 children by adverse physiologic effects category, and organ-level effects (eg, heart rate-corrected QT interval prolongation).

RESULTS
Of 781 019 children with ≥2 medication exposures, 21.4% experienced ≥1 major DDI exposure. The odds of DDI exposure increased with age and with medical and mental health complexity. Frequently implicated drugs included: Clonidine, psychiatric medications, and asthma medications. The highest adverse physiologic effect exposure rate per 100 children included: Increased drug concentrations (14.6), central nervous system depression (13.6), and heart rate-corrected QT interval prolongation (9.9).

CONCLUSIONS
One in 5 Medicaid-insured children with ≥2 prescription medications were exposed to major DDIs annually, with higher exposures in those with medical or mental health complexity. DDI exposure places children at risk for negative health outcomes and adverse drug events, especially in the harder-to-monitor outpatient setting.
El ejercicio político de la plusvalía y la propiedad privada en Ecuador en el último período de la Revolución Ciudadana
Authors: Guaman Guaman Victor 
Published: January 2024

En 2016, en medio de resistencias, se aprobó la denominada Ley de Plusvalía, cuyo objetivo era combatir la especulación inmobiliaria y distribuir la riqueza. Los detractores de la ley argumentaron que esta afectaba al sector inmobiliario y era expropiatoria del patrimonio familiar. En 2018, en el cambio de dirección ideológica del gobierno, la ley es derogada junto con otras reformas mediante consulta popular. Si bien los argumentos de los detractores motivaron su resistencia, la derogatoria no responde esencialmente al favorecimiento de los intereses de élites económicas e inmobiliarias, sino que cumple su papel en la iniciativa por enterrar un proyecto político-económico. En este sentido, el artículo analiza los eventos sociales y económicos que configuraron la coyuntura para su aprobación y derogación, así como la capacidad que tiene la propiedad privada de apropiarse de las masas en el ejercicio parlamentario y desencadenar procesos políticos.* * Este trabajo forma parte de la investigación Captura de plusvalía en Ecuador: un instrumento regulador de la especulación inmobiliaria y efectos en el sector de la construcción y la recaudación fiscal (2021), llevada a cabo en la Universitat de Barcelona, en la que se analiza de forma cuantitativa el efecto de la Ley de Plusvalía sobre el desempeño del sector de la construcción, el mercado de los bienes inmuebles y el impacto sobre la recaudación fiscal municipal.
ASYMMETRIES IN COGNITION AND MEASURES OF INTELLIGENCE IN CHILDREN WITH HEARING LOSSES IN RIGHT OR LEFT EARS
Authors: Gwizda Grażyna , Marciniak Aleksandra , Bakalczuk Grzegorz , Mielnik-Niedzielska Grażyna 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionHemispheric asymmetry of the central nervous system affects various features of the brain involved in cognitive ability. Functional asymmetry, such as different hearing ability in the left or right ear, will also affect cognitive processes.Material and methodsThe aim of this study was to assess how intelligence measures and cognitive abilities in children and adolescents might have been affected by hearing deficits in the left or right ear. The study involved 208 children, 126 who were in an experimental group and 82 in a control group. In the experimental group, there were 26 children who were diagnosed with right-sided hearing loss, 34 with leftsided hearing loss, and 66 with bilateral hearing loss; all children in this group had used hearing devices since diagnosis. We assessed hearing
unilaterally and bilaterally and looked for asymmetries in terms of intelligence measures and visual and spatial functioning.ResultsChildren with bilateral hearing impairment had lower intelligence compared to those without impairment. Children with unilateral hearing impairment had similar intelligence level compared to well hearing children. Children with left-sided hearing impairment had higher
intelligence compared to those with right-sided hearing impairment and lower nonverbal intelligence compared to well-hearing children. Children with right-sided hearing impairment had lower verbal intelligence.ConclusionsHearing impairment has an impact on various measures of intelligence, as well as on the organisation and performance of cognitive processes.
COMPARING PITCH PATTERN TESTS BASED ON VOWELS AND TONES
Authors: Gupta Shrasti , Neupane Anuj Kumar 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionThe pitch pattern test (PPT) is a test of temporal ordering in which a subject needs to correctly repeat a sequence of three auditory stimuli comprised of high and low frequencies. Traditionally, tones are used, but here the aim was to develop a PPT using vowels.
The tests were done in young adults and a comparison was made between the two methods.Material and methodsThe study involved 40 young adults with normal hearing sensitivity and was done in two phases. Phase I involved the development of a PPT using the vowel /a/, and in Phase II the test was administered. A comparison was made with the PPT based on tones. In both tests, stimuli were delivered monaurally.ResultsAll participants were able to do the PPT using either vowels or tones. No ear or gender effects were observed. However, the mean scores for PPT using tones were notably better than those obtained using vowels.ConclusionsThe present study has developed a PPT using the vowel /a/ and has compared scores with the tonal pitch pattern test. The absence of a ceiling effect in the PPT using a vowel gives it an advantage in terms of potential clinical utility. The strong positive correlation between the
PPT using a vowel and the PPT using a tone shows a significant relationship between the two tests in the specific domain of temporal ordering.
CONTENT VALIDITY OF SELECTED ITEMS FROM THE <i>SPEECH, SPATIAL AND QUALITIES OF HEARING SCALE FOR PARENTS</i> (SSQ-P) AS MEASURED BY A SURVEY OF EXPERT OPINION
Authors: Christian Maya , Killan Catherine F. , Baxter Paul D. , Killan Edward C. 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionThe purpose of this small-scale study was to assess the content validity of a modified subset of ten items from the <i>Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale for Parents</i> (SSQ-P) via a survey of expert opinion.Material and methodsAn online survey was used to obtain opinions from 10 experts in the field of children’s hearing and hearing assessment. Experts were asked to rate the relevance and representativeness of each SSQ-P item to deaf and hard of hearing children aged 5 years and over. Content validity was assessed by the item content validity index (ICVI), with excellent content validity identified as an ICVI above 0.8. Experts were also asked to suggest where they felt the wording of items could be improved.ResultsFor all items, ICVIs > 0.8 were obtained for both relevance and representativeness, indicating excellent content validity. Some minor rewording suggestions were made.ConclusionsThe 10 items tested are candidates for inclusion in an abbreviated version of SSQ-P. Some minor rewording of items may be required, along with assessment of internal consistency and test–retest stability.
A Study of Gain and Loss in the Translation of the Qurʾānic Arabic Words of Glad Tidings Known as Al-Bush'rā (البُشْرَى ( Into English: An Islamic Professional Ethical Perspective
Authors: Alhaj Ali Albashir Mohammed , Alwadai Mesfer Ahmed. Mesfer 
Published: January 2024

The substantial lexical and cultural challenges facing the translators of the Holy Qur’ān in rendering the Qurʾānic Arabic words for glad tidings known as al-bush'rā (البُشْرَى) into English result in the gain or loss of meaning in translation - an issue that cannot be avoided. This study, conducted from an Islamic professional ethical perspective, examined that gain and loss through three well-known translations of the Holy Qur’ān which were sourced from The Qur’ānic Arabic Corpus, namely Abdelhaleem (2004), Al-Hilali and Khan (1996) and Pickthall (1930). A qualitative descriptive design was adopted together with Hervey and Higgins’s (1992) concept of loss of meaning in translation which is a critical aspect of any translation. The study found that, in terms of the loss and gain in the translation of the Qurʾānic Arabic al-bush'rā (البُشْرَى) into English, the aforementioned translators utilized different translation strategies such as reduction and omission. The study concludes that any loss has a significantly negative impact on the reader’s understanding and interpretation of the Holy Qur’ān in general and the words found in the Qurʾānic Arabic al-bush'rā (البُشْرَى) in particular.
Crustal Velocity Structure of the Sichuan–Yunnan Block Revealed by High-Quality Crustal Phase Travel Time
Authors: Hu Liya , Zhang Fengxue , Li Yu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Sichuan–Yunnan block is located at the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, which is the key area as a transition belt from the active plate extrusion zone to the stable Yangtze Craton. Using a semiautomatic measuring method based on a graphical interface, we pick 81,585 precise travel times from 449 local earthquake records and finally obtain a crustal 3D P-wave velocity model of the Sichuan–Yunnan block. The model reveals an unexpected velocity contrast between the shallower and deeper crusts. It is summarized as weakly perturbed low-velocity belts encircling a high-velocity zone in the upper crust and strongly perturbed low-velocity anomalies in the mid-lower crust, respectively. The weak low-velocity anomalies are revealed along the major strike-slip faults, and their small perturbations may imply a slip-driven mechanism. The strong low-velocity anomalies are distributed extensively in the Sichuan–Yunnan block, and their great perturbations may be related to the partial melting of weak material extruded from Tibet. Besides, our result shows noticeable high-velocity anomalies in the core zone of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP), which may be an indication of magma solidification from the ancient mantle plume. The result further exhibits an interesting pattern that the strong low-velocity anomalies are partially separated by the high-velocity anomalies in the ELIP. Such a specific pattern probably reflects that the stable zone in the ELIP leads to the bifurcation of weak Tibetan material.
Resolvability of Multiple Microseismic P-Wave Source Regions with Two Large Seismic Arrays in China and the United States
Authors: Liu Qiaoxia , Zhou Yong , Ni Sidao , Xu Min , Qiu Yong , Zhang Yayun , Yu Chuanhai , Chu Risheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
P-wave microseisms are useful for understanding ocean waves. Resolving and locating multiple P-wave source regions using seismic data can provide valuable information about ocean waves. The resolvability of multiple microseismic P-wave source regions depends on the location accuracy and resolution, which can be improved using multiple large seismic arrays. In this article, we investigate the source locations of P-wave microseisms at the period of 5–10 s by combining the backprojection results from two large dense seismic arrays located in China (ChinArray) and the United States (USArray). We independently process data recorded by ChinArray and USArray during a two-year period (2014–2015) that border both the North Pacific and North Atlantic. Then the results are normalized and summed or intersected in the source region to improve the accuracy of the P-wave microseism source locations by reducing the deviation from the velocity structure model and the array response function. The results show that we can resolve two to three sources with a scale of ∼500–1000 km within one large P-wave source region. We also investigate how array parameters such as aperture, interstation spacing, and geographic position affect the detectability and accuracy of the P-wave microseism sources. The discrepancy in P-wave microseism source locations between backprojection observation and ocean model predictions in source number, source scale, and source region scope imply that the ocean model needs to be improved.
Improved treatment success rate in a cohort of TB patients supported by Nikshay Mitra in CSR–NGO Mix model in Haridwar district, Uttarakhand
Authors: Singh Pankaj Kumar , Chaudhary Prashant , Pandey Vikas Kumar , Negi Anil , Kumar Avneesh , Singh R K , Dutt Manish 
Published: January 2024

Under the aegis of Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyan, a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)–NGO Mix model demonstrated the improved treatment success rates among tuberculosis (TB) patients in Haridwar district, Uttarakhand.The initiative, launched by the Government of India, addresses the bidirectional relationship between undernutrition and TB, emphasizing the need for holistic support beyond medical interventions. The Nikshay Mitras, acting as companions, not only provide nutritional assistance but also contribute to reduce the stigma associated with TB and offer comprehensive support, including job opportunities.Uttarakhand has actively implemented the initiative, with various support models, including individual Nikshay Mitra, NGOs, and Corporate Sectors contributing through CSR support. The editorial focuses on the impact of CSR initiatives on TB treatment success rates, presenting data from Haridwar district. The unique CSR-NGO model, showcased a significant improvement in the treatment success rate, reaching 94% for a cohort of 304 TB patients. No mortality or loss to follow-up was reported, highlighting the effectiveness of this collaborative approach.The success in Haridwar district demonstrates the positive outcomes of engaging NikshayMitra, blending corporate support, NGO facilitation, and government oversight.
Effet de la Diffusion des TIC Sur la Croissance Economique dans les Pays de l’UEMOA
Authors: Yacouba Salouka , Sidy Kane Chérif , Nestor Tiehi Tito 
Published: January 2024

Au début de la décennie 1990, les nouvelles théories de la croissance développées suggèrent que l’innovation est la principale source de progrès technologique. Partant de cette idée que l’innovation est source de croissance économique, les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) se sont diffusées de façon exponentielle un peu partout dans le monde.
Cet article se fixe donc pour objectif d’analyser l’effet de la diffusion des TIC sur la croissance économique dans sept pays de l’UEMOA sur la période 2002-2021. Pour ce faire, nous avons estimé un modèle Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) sur un panel issu des données de cette zone. Suite à l’utilisation de l’estimateur Pooled Mean Group (PMG), les résultats montrent qu’à long terme, la diffusion des TIC a un effet positif et significatif sur la croissance économique des pays de l’UEMOA. Ces résultats suggèrent la nécessité pour les décideurs des pays de l’UEMOA de s'engager à développer leurs infrastructures de télécommunications pour une meilleure diffusion des TIC afin d'accélérer au mieux le processus de croissance de leurs économies.

At the start of the 1990s, new theories of growth developed suggested that innovation was the main source of technological progress. Based on this idea that innovation is a source of economic growth, information and communication technologies (ICT) have spread exponentially all over the world. This article therefore sets itself the objective of analyzing the effect of the diffusion of ICT on economic growth in seven WAEMU countries over the period 2002-2021. To do this, we estimated an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model on a panel taken from data from this area. Following the use of the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator, the results show that in the long term, the diffusion of ICT has a positive and significant effect on the economic growth of WAEMU countries. These results suggest the need for decision-makers in WAEMU countries to commit to developing their telecommunications infrastructure for better diffusion of ICT in order to accelerate the growth process of their economies.
Pro-Drop in Hijazi Arabic: A Minimalist Perspective
Authors: AlQurashi Issa 
Published: January 2024

This paper focuses on investigating the null subjects in Hijazi Arabic and addresses how they are derived and interpreted. There is a strong connection between rich verbal agreement inflection and pro-drop in HA due to the language's highly inflectional nature. It is shown in this paper that HA is a consistent null subject language. This study is framed within Holmberg's (2005, 2010) theory of null subjects. Holmberg proposed that null subjects (henceforth NSs) are defective subject pronouns labeled Ps. The null subjects are derived via incorporation into T after the features valuation and union take place. The head T (a probe) has unvalued -features which are valued by the defective subject pronoun (a goal) and in return, the [u case] feature on P is valued by T. The incorporation of P into T forms a chain which is subject to chain reduction where the lower chain copy (the defective subject pronoun in spec-VP) receives a null spell out. The pronounced elements consist of the valued φ-features of T, which manifest as a verbal affix on the finite verb subsequent to the verb's incorporation into T. This reflects the deletion of the subject in spec-VP. The null subject is interpreted as a definite 3rd person null subject when the [uD(efiniteness)] feature of P is valued by an A-Topic (antecedent) in spec-TopP. On the other hand, it is interpreted as a definite 1st or 2nd person null subject if it is valued by speaker/addressee features in the domain of C (Complementizer).
Genre et Addiction au Smartphone chez les Adolescents en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Rodrigue Geoffroy Zanli Bi Sehi , Ehui Prisca Justine 
Published: January 2024

L'objet de la présente étude est d'analyser la fréquence d'utilisation et la prévalence de l'addiction au smartphone en les associant au genre chez les adolescents en Côte d'Ivoire. L'étude a été réalisée auprès de 373 adolescents (garçons et filles) âgés de 12 à 19 ans, fréquentant le collège privé Merajea de Yopougon. Au moyen d'un questionnaire adapté à la version abrégée de l'échelle SAS (SAS-SV), ils ont été interrogés suite à une sélection par convenance et une participation volontaire. La version 20 du logiciel SPSS a été utilisée comme outil de traitement des données recueillies, présentées à travers des tableaux statistiques. Les résultats traitent initialement de l'identification des élèves possédant un smartphone en fonction du niveau d’étude et du sexe, puis examinent la fréquence d'utilisation du smartphone selon le sexe, et enfin évaluent le degré d'addiction en fonction du genre. En prenant en considération ces résultats, il apparaît que le genre se révèle être un indicateur significatif dans le contexte de l'addiction au smartphone.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the frequency of smartphone use and the prevalence of smartphone addiction, associating them with gender among adolescents in Côte d'Ivoire. The study was conducted with 373 adolescents (both boys and girls) aged 12 to 19, attending the private Merajea College. Using a questionnaire adapted to the shortened version of the SAS scale (SAS-SV), the participants were surveyed following a convenience sampling and voluntary participation. SPSS software (20 Version) was employed as a tool for processing the collected data, presented through statistical tables. The results initially focus on identifying students with smartphones based on the level of study and gender, then examine the frequency of smartphone use by gender, and finally assess the degree of addiction based on gender. Considering these findings, it becomes evident that gender proves to be a significant indicator in the context of smartphone addiction.
Comprendre le Changement Social de la Fécondité à Travers l’Autonomie des Femmes en Union au Cameroun : Apport des Méthodes de Décomposition
Authors: Ngamtiate Amina Vanessa , Nganawara Didier 
Published: January 2024

Contexte : Au Cameroun, le niveau de la fécondité reste élevé bien qu’une tendance à la baisse soit observée au cours de ces dernières années. Le nombre moyen d’enfants par femme est passé de 5,1 enfants en 2011 à 4,8 en 2018 (INS, 2018). Objectif : Cet article cherche à identifier les sources de changement social du niveau de la fécondité à travers l’autonomie des femmes en union au Cameroun. Méthodologie : Les données proviennent des enquêtes démographiques et de santé réalisées au Cameroun en 2011 et 2018. Elles sont analysées par la méthode de décomposition pour identifier les sources de changement du niveau de fécondité en fonction de l’autonomie. Résultats : Les résultats de l’analyse montrent que, pour les trois variables de classification retenues, la baisse de la fécondité chez les femmes en union au Cameroun entre 2011 et 2018 est due principalement à un effet de comportement. Cet effet est plus important chez les femmes dont la prise de décision relève du conjoint. Les femmes de niveau d’instruction primaire ont contribué de manière très significative (226,2%) à cette baisse. Il en est de même, pour celles exerçant des travaux domestiques et des activités dans le secteur informel avec respectivement 226,7% et 165,6%. Conclusion : L’autonomie exerce une influence sur la baisse de la fécondité des femmes en union au Cameroun entre 2011 et 2018.

Background: In Cameroon, the level of fertility remains high although a downward trend is observed in recent years. The average number of children per woman increased from 5.1 in 2011 to 4.8 in 2018 (INS, 2018). Objective: This article seeks to identify the sources of social change in the level of fertility through the autonomy of women in union in Cameroon. Methodology: The data come from demographic and health surveys conducted in Cameroon in 2011 and 2018. They are analyzed by the decomposition method to identify the sources of change in fertility level according to autonomy. Results: The results of the analysis show that, for the three classification variables used, the decrease in fertility among women in unions in Cameroon between 2011 and 2018 is mainly due to a behavioural effect. This effect is greater for women whose decision-making is the responsibility of the spouse. Women with primary education contributed significantly (226.2%) to this decline. The same is true for those engaged in domestic work and activities in the informal sector with 226.7% and 165.6% respectively. Conclusion: Autonomy exerts an influence on the decline in fertility of women in union in Cameroon between 2011 and 2018.