bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pose analysis in free-swimming adult zebrafish,Danio rerio: “fishy” origins of movement design
Authors: Kanwal Jagmeet S. , Sanghera Bhavjeet , Dabbi Riya , Glasgow Eric 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMovement requires maneuvers that generate thrust to either make turns or move the body forward in physical space. The computational space for perpetually controlling the relative position of every point on the body surface can be vast. We hypothesize the evolution of efficient design for movement that minimizes active (neural) control by leveraging the passive (reactive) forces between the body and the surrounding medium at play. To test our hypothesis, we investigate the presence of stereotypical postures during free-swimming in adult zebrafish,Danio rerio. We perform markerless tracking using DeepLabCut, a deep learning pose estimation toolkit, to track geometric relationships between body parts. To identify putative clusters of postural configurations obtained from twelve freely behaving zebrafish, we use unsupervised multivariate time-series analysis (B-SOiD machine learning software). When applied to single individuals, this method reveals a best-fit for 36 to 50 clusters in contrast 86 clusters for data pooled from all 12 animals. The centroids of each cluster obtained over 14,000 sequential frames recorded for a single fish represent anaprioriclassification into relatively stable “target body postures” and inter-pose “transitional postures” that lead to and away from a target pose. We use multidimensional scaling of mean parameter values for each cluster to map cluster-centroids within two dimensions of postural space. From apost-priorivisual analysis, we condense neighboring postural variants into 15 superclusters or core body configurations. We develop a nomenclature specifying the anteroposterior level/s (upper, mid and lower) and degree of bending. Our results suggest that constraining bends to mainly three levels in adult zebrafish preempts the neck, fore- and hindlimb design for maneuverability in land vertebrates.
Conditioned overconsumption is dependent on reinforcer type in lean, but not obese, mice
Authors: Lewis-Sanders Darielle , Bullich Sebastien , Olvera Maria Jose , Vo John , Hwang Yang-Sun , Stern Sarah A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAssociative learning can drive many different types of behaviors, including food consumption. Previous studies have shown that cues paired with food delivery while mice are hungry will lead increased consumption in the presence of those cues at later times. We previously showed that overconsumption can be driven in male mice by contextual cues, using chow pellets. Here we extended our findings by examining other parameters that may influence the outcome of context-conditioned overconsumption training. We found that the task worked equally well in males and females, and that palatable substances such as high-fat diet and Ensure chocolate milkshake supported learning and induced overconsumption. Surprisingly, mice did not overconsume when sucrose was used as the reinforcer during training, suggesting that nutritional content is a critical factor. Interestingly, we also observed that diet-induced obese mice did not learn the task. Overall, we find that context-conditioned overconsumption can be studied in lean males and female mice, and with multiple reinforcer types.
A food color based colorimetric assay forCryptococcus neoformanslaccase activity
Authors: Ramirez Lia Sanchez , Dragotakes Quigly , Casadevall Arturo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCryptococcus neoformansis a fungal pathogen that causes cryptococcosis mostly in immune compromised patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS. One survival mechanism ofC. neoformansduring infection is melanin production, which catalyzed by laccase, and protects fungal cells against immune attack. Hence comparative assessment of laccase activity is useful for characterizing cryptococcal strains. We serendipitously observed that culturingC. neoformanswith food coloring resulted in the degradation of some dyes with phenolic structures. Consequently, we investigated the color changes for the food dyes metabolized byC. neoformanslaccase and explored using this effect for the development of a colorimetric assay to measure laccase activity. We developed several versions of a food dye based colorimetric laccase assay that can be used to compare the relative laccase activities between differentC. neoformansstrains. We found that phenolic color degradation was glucose dependent, which may reflect changes in the reduction properties of the media. Our food color based colorimetric assay has several advantages over the commonly used 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay for laccase activity, including lower cost, irreversibility, and does not require constant monitoring. This method has potential applications to bioremediation of water pollutants in addition to its use in determining laccase virulence factor expression.ImportanceCryptococcus neoformansis present in the environment and while infection is common, disease occurs mostly in immunocompromised individuals.C. neoformansinfection in the lungs results in symptoms like pneumonia, and consequently cryptococcal meningitis occurs if the fungal infection spreads to the brain. The laccase enzyme catalyzes the melanization reaction that serves as a virulence factor ofC. neoformans. Developing a simple and less costly assay to determine laccase activity inC. neoformansstrains can be useful for a variety of procedures ranging from studying the relative virulence of cryptococci to environmental pollution studies.
Modeling the influence of online communities and social commerce
Authors: Patwa Nitin , Gupta Monika , Mittal Amit 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to explain how Web 2.0, social connectedness online, has created incredible new business options. This research’s primary goal is to help businesses use these resources more effectively and perform better.

Design/methodology/approach
Variance-based structural equation modeling with the ADANCO program was used to examine the data. ADANCO software is used explicitly for variance-based structural equation modeling. To evaluate research models and test hypotheses, partial least square path modeling is used.

Findings
Theories encompassing social support and related approaches to “word of mouth” online, electronic purchasing and virtual communities mediated by technological platforms are the foundational frameworks for this research piece. It then produces a statistical model that enables users to predict how social commerce (s-commerce) building blocks, including forums, communities, ratings and reviews and recommendations, assist businesses in introducing innovative strategies to win in the digital markets. The results necessarily focus on trust, an essential component of e-commerce. Reciprocally, the study reverses engineer’s trust through the constructs of this moment mentioned.

Research limitations/implications
The present study describes the scope of empirical testing and validation of this framework and assists practitioners in further strengthening s-commerce strategy, an emerging and essential platform in the e-commerce industry.

Originality/value
Research highlights the dearth of current analysis in such conceptual domains while generating novel research insights aimed at e-commerce and digital business. From the viewpoint of potential and recurring customers who interact with online communities and product offerings, the study captures the essence of human interactions, often known as trade relationships, online.
An exploration of women entrepreneurs “doing context” in family business in the Gulf States
Authors: Hashim Sumaya , McAdam Maura , Nordqvist Mattias 
Published: January 2024

PurposeDrawing on indigenous theory of Ibn Khaldun, the rise and fall of States, this paper explores the agency of women entrepreneurs in family business in Bahrain and the underlying enablers in supporting and facilitating the exercise of this agency. This study attempts to move beyond the Western-centric studies to reflect and bring to light the unique institutional settings of the Gulf States.Design/methodology/approachThe research builds on a rich qualitative single case of a family business based in Bahrain. The single case study methodology was motivated by the potential for generating rich contextual insights. Such an approach is particularly valuable to gain a more holistic and deeper understanding of the contextualized phenomenon and its complexity.FindingsIn this study the authors show how women entrepreneurs take two different paths to enter and become involved in the family business, the barriers they are subjected to and the active role they play in dismantling the challenges to the extent that they become the main mediators between the family business and central institutions in society.Originality/valueBy incorporating indigenous theory with Western family business concepts, the study extends existing understanding of women entrepreneurs in family business by underscoring the agency that women entrepreneurs have in “doing context” and the role that women play in strengthening common cause and destiny within the family and the business by building and drawing on different forms of loyalty.
Employees’ preferred extent for working from home – relationships with emotional job and childcare demands
Authors: Rashkovits Sarit , Unger-Aviram Esther 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
To better understand employees’ preferred extent for working from home (WFH) setting that implies physical distance from clients and co-workers and enhanced physical proximity to others at home, this study, relying on job-demands resources (J-DR) theory, aims to investigate the relationships between this preference with both the perceived increase in emotional job demands and the exposure to childcare demands. Thus, this study aims to investigate the mediating role of perceived job difficulty in the relationship between emotional job demands and the preferred extent for WFH, and the moderating role of gender in the relationship between the number of children and the preferred extent for WFH.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 239 employees who began WFH during the pandemic completed an online survey. Structural equation modelling was conducted to analyse the data and test the hypotheses.

Findings
As expected, an increase in emotional job demands had a significant negative indirect association with the preferred extent for WFH, through perceived increase in job difficulty. Furthermore, the number of children was negatively related to the preferred extent for WFH among male but not female employees.

Practical implications
The findings provide insights for promoting employees’ preferred extent for WFH.

Originality/value
The study points to a relationship between emotional job demands and employee attitudes towards WFH in terms of increased job difficulty and the preferred extent for WFH. It also points to the need to investigate the interaction between sex and number of children to understand employees’ preferred extent for WFH.
Implementing action competence teaching model as a framework for achieving sustainable development goals: insights from students
Authors: Xing Xiaojing , Ironsi Chinaza Solomon 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the potential of implementing an action competence teaching model as a framework for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) in higher education. The paper seeks to draw insights from the students on the potential of this teaching model.

Design/methodology/approach
The study adopted a quantitative research design in exploring the potential of an action competence teaching model. This study used self-report measures to obtain insights into the objective of the study.

Findings
The action competence teaching model was seen as useful in equipping students with knowledge about a problem, confidence and willingness to act. However, some issues like the design of the projects, teamwork and instructional practices were identified and discussed.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to implement an action competence teaching model to help draw insights from students on its potential. This paper documents certain aspects of action competence that require attention before being implemented in higher education. This information so far lacking in scientific literature contributes to ongoing discussions on SDGs while unveiling strengths and weaknesses to be considered.
Propionate alleviates itch in murine models of atopic dermatitis by modulating sensory TRP channels of dorsal root ganglion
Authors: Xu Yao , Qiu Zhuoqiong , Gu Chaoying , Yu Su , Wang Shangshang , Li Changlin , Yao Xu , Li Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundItch is the most common symptom of atopic dermatitis (AD) and significantly decreases the quality of life. Skin microbiome is involved in AD pathogenesis, whereas its role in the regulation of itch remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of skin microbial metabolite propionate on acute and chronic pruritus and to explore the mechanism.MethodsUsing various mouse models of itch, the roles of propionate were explored by behavioral tests and histopathology/immunofluorescent analysis. Primary‐cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons and HEK293 cells expressing recombinant human TRP channels were utilized for in vitro calcium imaging/in vivo miniature two‐photon imaging in combination with electrophysiology and molecular docking approaches for investigation of the mechanism.ResultsPropionate significantly alleviated itch and alloknesis in various mouse models of pruritus and AD and decreased the density of intraepidermal nerve fibers. Propionate reduced the responsiveness of dorsal root ganglion neurons to pruritogens in vitro, attenuated the hyper‐excitability in sensory neurons in MC903‐induced AD model, and inhibited capsaicin‐evoked hTRPV1 currents (IC50 = 20.08 ± 1.11 μM) via interacting with the vanilloid binding site. Propionate also decreased the secretion of calcitonin gene‐related peptide by nerves in MC903‐induced AD mouse model, which further attenuated itch and skin inflammation.ConclusionOur study revealed a protective effect of propionate against persistent itch through direct modulation of sensory TRP channels and neuropeptide production in neurons. Regulation of itch via the skin microbiome might be a novel strategy for the treatment of AD.
Relevance of different prognostic scores in primary CNS lymphoma in the era of intensified treatment regimens: A retrospective, multicenter analysis of 174 patients
Authors: Zeremski Vanja , Adolph Louisa , Beer Sina , Berisha Mirjeta , Jacobs Benedikt , Kahl Christoph , Koenecke Christian , Kropf Siegfried , Panse Jens , Petersen Judith , Schmidt‐Hieber Martin , Schneider Jessica , Vucinic Vladan , Walter Jeanette , Weigert Oliver , Witte Hanno M. , Mougiakakos Dimitrios 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesTreatment intensification (including consolidative high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation [HDT‐ASCT]) significantly improved outcome in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) patients.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, retrospective analysis of newly diagnosed PCNSL patients, treated with intensified treatment regimens. The following scores were evaluated in terms of overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS): Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG), and three‐factor (3F) prognostic score. Further, all scores were comparatively investigated for model quality and concordance.ResultsAltogether, 174 PCNSL patients were included. One hundred and five patients (60.3%) underwent HDT‐ASCT. Two‐year OS and 2‐year PFS for the entire population were 73.3% and 48.5%, respectively. The MSKCC (p = .003) and 3F score (p < .001), but not the IELSG score (p = .06), had the discriminatory power to identify different risk groups for OS. In regard to concordance, the 3F score (C‐index [0.71]) outperformed both the MSKCC (C‐index [0.64]) and IELSG (C‐index [0.53]) score. Moreover, the superiority of the 3F score was shown for PFS, successfully stratifying patients in three risk groups, which also resulted in the highest C‐index (0.66).ConclusionThe comparative analysis of established PCNSL risk scores affirm the clinical utility of the 3F score stratifying the widest prognostic spectrum among PCNSL patients treated with intensified treatment approaches.
Current development of chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Yamauchi Nobuhiko , Maruyama Dai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy has become a commercially available treatment option for relapsed or refractory (r/r) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with two or more lines of prior therapies, and recently for high‐risk r/r DLBCL with one prior line of therapy. The successful development of CAR T‐cell therapy for multiple relapsed DLBCL has led to a boom in subsequent trials that investigated its utility in patients with other r/r B‐cell lymphoma subtypes. However, CAR T‐cell therapy is a multistep process that includes leukapheresis and manipulation which take several weeks. Therefore, patients with rapidly progressing or bulky disease may not be able to complete the therapeutic regimen involving CAR T‐cell products. This raises the question of the generalizability of the results of pivotal studies to the entire population. In this review, we summarize the development of CAR‐T cell therapy for B‐cell lymphoma and discuss strategies to further improve the clinical outcomes of this treatment.
Epilepsy and the risk of adverse cardiovascular events: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Mayer Josephine , Fawzy Ameenathul M. , Bisson Arnaud , Pasi Marco , Bodin Alexandre , Vigny Pascal , Herbert Julien , Marson Anthony G. , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Fauchier Laurent 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeEpilepsy is associated with higher morbidity and mortality compared to people without epilepsy. We performed a retrospective cross‐sectional and longitudinal cohort study to evaluate cardiovascular comorbidity and incident vascular events in people with epilepsy (PWE).MethodsData were extracted from the French Hospital National Database. PWE (n = 682,349) who were hospitalized between January 2014 and December 2022 were matched on age, sex, and year of hospitalization with 682,349 patients without epilepsy. Follow‐up was conducted from the date of first hospitalization with epilepsy until the date of each outcome or date of last news in the absence of the outcome. Primary outcome was the incidence of all‐cause death, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, hospitalization for heart failure, ischaemic stroke (IS), new onset atrial fibrillation, sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT/VF), and cardiac arrest.ResultsA diagnosis of epilepsy was associated with higher numbers of cardiovascular risk factors and adverse cardiovascular events compared to controls. People with epilepsy had a higher incidence of all‐cause death (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 2.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.67–2.72), cardiovascular death (IRR = 2.16, 95% CI = 2.11–2.20), heart failure (IRR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.25–1.28), IS (IRR = 2.08, 95% CI = 2.04–2.13), VT/VF (IRR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04–1.16), and cardiac arrest (IRR = 2.12, 95% CI = 2.04–2.20). When accounting for all‐cause death as a competing risk, subdistribution hazard ratios for ischaemic stroke of 1.59 (95% CI = 1.55–1.63) and for cardiac arrest of 1.73 (95% CI = 1.58–1.89) demonstrated higher risk in PWE.ConclusionsThe prevalence and incident rates of cardiovascular outcomes were significantly higher in PWE. Targeting cardiovascular health could help reduce excess morbidity and mortality in PWE.
Pityriasis rosea: dermoscopic features in Uganda
Authors: Kiptis Paul K. , Mirembe Stephen K. , Aloyomola Gladys , Mulyowa Grace K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeThe study aimed to describe the dermoscopic features of pityriasis rosea among patients attending the skin clinic at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital.Patients and methodsA hospital‐based cross‐sectional descriptive study conducted for a 6‐month period in the skin clinic of MRRH in Southwestern Uganda. Data were collected from consecutively recruited patients using structured questionnaires. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of pityriasis rosea were examined using a dermoscope and subsequently sent for KOH and TPHA tests to rule out fungal skin infection and secondary syphilis, respectively, and then received routine care at the skin clinic.ResultsThere were 54 patients with pityriasis rosea seen. Dermoscopy was done on a total of 162 lesions of which 19 were herald patches, 51 were truncal lesions, 52 on the extremities while 40 were on the face and neck regions. Common dermoscopic features consisted of a violaceous background noted in 145 (89.51%), white scales in 161 (99.38%), diffuse scale distribution in 57 (35.19%), perifollicular scale type in 61 (37.65%), and brown‐dotted pigmentary changes in 66 (40.74%). Other unique findings noted in a few lesions were cloudy structures, petechial spots, erosions, and punched out pits.ConclusionMost prevalent dermoscopic features included: a violaceous background, white scales, diffuse scale distribution, perifollicular scale type, brown‐dotted pigmentary changes with no visible blood vessels nor follicular changes. Other unique less frequently seen findings were cloudy structures, petechial spots, erosions, and punched out pits.
Analysis of the circumstances associated with death and predictors of mortality in Spanish adults with Down syndrome, 1997–2014
Authors: Aparicio Paloma , Alonso‐Babarro Alberto , Barba Raquel , Moldenhauer Fernando , Suárez Carmen , de Asúa Diego Real 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesCharacterise the circumstances associated with death during admission of adults with Down syndrome (DS) and to identify predictors of mortality.Patients and MethodsObservational study based on data on all emergent admissions of adults with DS to hospitals of the Spanish National Health System between 1997 and 2014. We analysed epidemiological and clinical variables.ResultsWe analysed admissions of 11,594 adults with DS, mean age 47 years. 1715 patients died (15%), being the highest mortality (35%) in individuals aged 50–59. A past medical history of cerebrovascular disease (aOR 2.95 [2.30–3.77]) or cancer (aOR 2.79 [2.07–3.75]), gross aspiration's admission (aOR 2.59 [2.20–3.04]), immobility (aOR 2.31 [1.46–3‐62]), and readmission within 30 days (aOR 2.43 [2.06–2.86]) were identified as predictors of mortality.ConclusionsAdults with DS have a high in‐hospital mortality rate. The main predictors of death were cerebrovascular disease, cancer, early readmission, and conditions commonly associated with advanced dementia.