bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
As‐needed opioid dosing for emergency patients with a daily use of opioids
Authors: Galili Stine Fjendbo , Nikolajsen Lone , Bech Bodil Hammer , Kirkegaard Hans , Ahrensberg Jette 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with a daily use of opioids have a higher risk of insufficient pain treatment during hospitalization than other patients. This study aimed to examine whether as‐needed opioid doses (PRN) were adequately adjusted when patients were admitted to the emergency department (ED) with pain.MethodsPatients, with a daily use of opioids, who received PRN opioid within the first 3 h after admission at the ED at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, were prospectively included from February 2021 to June 2021. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients receiving an inadequate initial dose of PRN opioid, here defined as <15% of daily dose of opioids (DDO) based on sparse evidence, but aligning with the prevailing clinical practice. Secondary outcomes included risk of an inadequate PRN dose in relation to DDO (patients were dichotomized into two groups (DDO <60 or ≥60 mg/day).ResultsAmong 252 patients admitted to the ED with a daily use of opioids, 149 were admitted with pain and 82 received a PRN opioid dose within 3 h. Twenty‐seven out of 82 (33%) patients received a PRN dose of <15% of DDO (95% CI: 23.7–43). When dichotomised; 10 out of 50 (20%) patients with a DDO <60 mg/day (95% CI: 10.0–33.7) versus 17 out of 32 (53.1%) patients with a DDO ≥60 mg/day (95% CI: 34.7–70.9) received an inadequate PRN dose (relative risk, RR: 2.65 [95% CI: 1.4–5.1]).ConclusionsPatients with daily use of opioids presenting in the ED with acute pain had a high risk of inadequate PRN opioid dose, especially if the DDO was high. Awareness about and education focusing on sufficient PRN doses for patients with a daily use of opioids is (still) called for.
Cannabis craving in response to alcohol cues in the laboratory and in daily life among adolescents ages 15–17 years
Authors: Wycoff Andrea M. , Rogers Kristin , Parlette Brianna , Miranda Robert , Treloar Padovano Hayley 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMost adolescents who drink alcohol also use cannabis, and adolescents who use both substances experience worse long‐term outcomes than adolescents who use only one or the other. Recent clinical trials with adolescents and emerging adults show that alcohol cues are associated with elevated cannabis craving in the natural environment but not in the laboratory, highlighting cross‐cue reactivity as a potential intervention target. This study extends this work to a younger sample of adolescents at an earlier stage of substance use to examine the generalizability of prior findings and inform etiological mechanisms.MethodsParticipants were 81 adolescents aged 15–17 years who endorsed past‐month alcohol and lifetime cannabis use. They completed a laboratory cue reactivity protocol where they rated their cannabis craving during alcohol cue and control conditions. They also completed 24 days of ecological momentary assessment where they reported multiple times per day on their cannabis craving and whether alcohol cues were visible.ResultsMixed models demonstrated lower cannabis craving following alcohol cue presentation in the laboratory compared to control cues, but higher cannabis craving during moments when alcohol was visible in daily life compared to moments when alcohol was not visible. Frequency of cannabis use at baseline was associated with greater cannabis craving in the laboratory and in daily life regardless of cue type or alcohol visibility, and cannabis craving following alcohol cue presentation in the laboratory was positively related to daily life cannabis craving across contexts.ConclusionsThis study adds to prior work suggesting that daily life cannabis craving is elevated when alcohol cues are visible. This cross‐cue reactivity may be one factor that drives and maintains alcohol and cannabis use in adolescence.
Embedded on‐site aged care pharmacists in Australia: Insights from early adopters of a new workforce model
Authors: Cross Amanda J. , Bell J. Simon , Steeper Michelle , La Caze Adam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the roles of early adopters of Australia's embedded on‐site pharmacist model in supporting quality use of medications in residential aged care facilities (RACFs).MethodsQualitative semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 pharmacists working as embedded on‐site pharmacists, or beyond the scope of traditional consultant pharmacist roles in Australian RACFs. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed independently by two investigators using an inductive approach. Deductive analysis was also undertaken using a knowledge broker framework: knowledge manager, linkage agent and capacity builder.ResultsDominant themes were roles and benefits of embedded pharmacists, factors associated with success and challenges. Roles and benefits included (1) resident‐level interventions and an enhanced ability to provide collaborative outcome‐focussed resident‐centred care, including timely input and follow‐up, and improved relationships with residents, family and interdisciplinary team; and (2) system‐level interventions such as contributing to clinical governance and quality improvement. Factors associated with success included personal capabilities and approach of the pharmacist, and organisational culture and sector‐wide support. Challenges included pharmacist workforce shortages, perceived lack of pharmacist readiness and difficulty determining an appropriate service model. Deductive coding demonstrated roles of embedded pharmacists were consistent with all three activities of a knowledge broker.ConclusionsThis study highlights the resident‐ and system‐level roles and benefits of embedded on‐site pharmacists, and provides a framework for defining this emerging workforce model in Australian RACFs.
Intraspecific variation in fruit production of African mahogany (Khaya anthotheca) in a semi‐deciduous East African rainforest
Authors: Okimat John Paul , Babweteera Fred , Ehbrecht Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRestoring valuable timber trees is a necessary part of regaining many ecosystem services and products provided by degraded tropical forests. However, knowledge of seed production, a regeneration prerequisite, is limited for many tropical timber tree species. We studied the fruit production of African mahogany (Khaya anthotheca) in a semi‐deciduous rainforest in East Africa, to provide information for ecological restoration programs. First, we quantified population variability and synchrony in fruit production. Then, we assessed how reproductive status and output were influenced by tree size, neighbourhood crowding, exchangeable cations, liana presence, and crown exposure. We found fruit production at the population level was weakly synchronised, with high interannual variability at the population and individual levels. Tree size determined reproductive status. Individual quantity of fruit produced increased with tree size but decreased with neighbourhood crowding. Our results indicate that K. anthotheca does not meet the criteria for mast fruiting. Our findings suggest that reproductive output in mahogany is regulated by tree size and competition. In addition to active protection, thinning to reduce competition around seed trees may boost fruit production at the individual tree level to provide seed for forest enrichment.
The Making of a Business Case for Unpaid Care and Domestic Work in the Global South: New Frontiers of Corporate Social Responsibility?
Authors: Gregoratti Catia , Tornhill Sofie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFor some decades, feminist scholars have engaged with the new responsibilities that corporations assume to address gender inequalities, often critiquing forms of economic empowerment that ignore the significance of social reproduction. Recently, however, the idea of a business case for unpaid care and domestic work (UCDW) has caught traction, opening up new ways for businesses to showcase responsibilities for gender equality in the Global South. Taking cues from feminist debates on corporate agency for gender equality, this paper examines a three‐year partnership between Oxfam and Unilever's brand Surf, which aimed to recognise, reduce, and redistribute UCDW in the Philippines and Zimbabwe. Based on online material and interviews, we scrutinise how corporate and NGO goals coalesced around a business case for care and the governmental techniques assembled to act upon the problem of UCDW in the Global South. In comparison to the business case for women's economic empowerment we find that, for the corporation, the targeting of the social reproduction of groups of negligible economic interest is more difficult to justify and sustain. However, some of the techniques of governance used during the course of the partnership have been repurposed for political ends, charting different pathways to transform gender unequal responsibilities for social reproduction.
Impact of TP53‐induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator on malignant activity and resistance to ferroptosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Toshida Katsuya , Itoh Shinji , Iseda Norifumi , Izumi Takuma , Yoshiya Shohei , Toshima Takeo , Ninomiya Mizuki , Iwasaki Takeshi , Oda Yoshinao , Yoshizumi Tomoharu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTP53‐induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is an important gene that encodes a regulatory enzyme of glycolysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification and is associated with worse prognosis in various cancers. Ferroptosis is a recently identified type of programmed cell death that is triggered by iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation. There are no reports on the prognostic impact of TIGAR on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and its role in ferroptosis is unclear. Ninety ICC patients who had undergone hepatic resection were enrolled. Immunohistochemical staining for TIGAR was performed. The regulation of malignant activity by TIGAR and the association between ferroptosis and TIGAR were investigated in vitro. Twenty‐two (24.4%) patients were categorized into TIGAR‐high and ‐low groups by immunohistochemical staining. There were no noticeable differences in background factors between the two groups, but TIGAR positivity was an independent prognostic factor in disease‐free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–3.85, p = 0.0378) and overall survival (HR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.03–4.30, p = 0.00422) in a multivariate analysis. In vitro, TIGAR knockdown (KD) decreased cell motility (cell proliferation/migration/invasion/colony‐forming capabilities) and elevated ROS and lipid peroxidation. This indicated that TIGAR KD induced ferroptosis. TIGAR KD‐induced ferroptosis was suppressed using liproxstatin. TIGAR KD decreased the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4, known as factor‐suppressing ferroptosis. The combination of TIGAR KD with cisplatin significantly induced more ferroptosis. In conclusion, TIGAR is associated with poor outcomes in ICC patients and resistance to ferroptosis.
Study of hispidulin in the treatment of uric acid nephropathy based on NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Li Xiaoqian , Gu Yongqing , Ren Lihong , Cai Qingqing , Qiu Yan , He Jie , Qu Wei , Ji Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUric acid nephropathy (UAN) is caused by purine metabolism disorders. UAN rat models were established in SD rats. The modeling rats received different doses of hispidulin (10, 20, 50 mg/mL). Febuxostat was applied as the positive drug. Serum creatinine, uric acid (UA), and cystatin‐C (cys‐C), neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL), IL‐1β, IL‐8, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 in rats were detected. HE staining was done to assess kidney injury. UAN rats possessed prominent levels of serum creatinine, UA, cys‐C, and NGAL, which all reduced after hispidulin treatment in a dose‐dependent manner. HE staining determined the improvement of kidney injury after treatment, which was comparable to the efficacy of febuxostat. Hispidulin inhibited the release of IL‐1β, IL‐8, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 in UAN rats. Hispidulin enhanced autophagy in UAN rats, presenting as ascending LC3II/I ratio and downregulated P62. The increasing trend of inflammasome‐related proteins of NLRP3 and Caspase‐1 was changeovered by hispidulin. The activation of NF‐kB signaling was intercepted by hispidulin in UAN rats. Hispidulin can effectively improve renal function injury caused by UAN in rats. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of inflammatory response induced by autophagy and activation of NF‐κB pathway.
Human midbrain dopaminergic progenitors
Authors: Wang Yu‐Kai , Feng Lin , Ma Ai‐Jin , Hao Jie , Zhang Ying , Chen Yue‐Jun , Chen Zhi‐Guo , Yu Jun‐Ying , Liu Yan , Liu Chang‐Mei , Zhang Yu , Wang Chang‐Lin , Teng Zhao‐Qian , Zhou Jia‐Xi , Li Tian‐Qing , Wang Liu , Fu Bo‐Qiang , Fu Yu Vincent , Zhu Li‐Jun , Liang Ling‐Min , Cao Jia‐Ni , Wang Lei , Zhou Qi , Xiang Andy Peng , Hu Bao‐Yang , Zhao Tong‐Biao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHuman midbrain dopaminergic progenitors (mDAPs) are one of the most representative cell types in both basic research and clinical applications. However, there are still many challenges for the preparation and quality control of mDAPs, such as the lack of standards. Therefore, the establishment of critical quality attributes and technical specifications for mDAPs is largely needed. “Human midbrain dopaminergic progenitor” jointly drafted and agreed upon by experts from the Chinese Society for Stem Cell Research, is the first guideline for human mDAPs in China. This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, instructions for usage, labelling requirements, packaging requirements, storage requirements, transportation requirements and waste disposal requirements for human mDAPs, which is applicable to the quality control for human mDAPs. It was originally released by the China Society for Cell Biology on 30 August 2022. We hope that the publication of this guideline will facilitate the institutional establishment, acceptance and execution of proper protocols, and accelerate the international standardization of human mDAPs for clinical development and therapeutic applications.
Optimizing schools of cytology: Discussions from the 2022 ASC/IAC Cytology Education Symposium, North American Strategies, and European Symbiosis
Authors: Sturgis Charles D. , LeBlanc Jenna B. , Smith Michele A. , McNair Sean A. , Hansing Kara L. , Bammert Catherine E. , Russell Donna K. , Howell Joshua M. , Alperstein Susan A. , Lennen Kelly , Srebotnik‐Kirbis Irena , Paradis Veronika Anic , van Zuylen‐Manders Lia , Liikanen Eeva , Freund Gregory , Davey Diane D. , Goulart Robert , Yuil‐Valdes Ana , Vielh Philippe , Brainard Jennifer A. , Hitchens Sandra W. , Donnelly Amber 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis report highlights information and outcomes from the November 2022 ASC/IAC joint Cytology Education Symposium, an annual conference organized by the Cytology Programs Review Committee. The manuscript provides information on shared educational opportunities and practices for cytology students and other learners in anatomic pathology, discusses recruitment strategies for schools of cytology, conveys teaching resources, introduces perspectives on virtual microscopy and online learning, and transmits information about wellness of students in schools of cytology.
Higher NT‐proBNP levels and the risk of intradialytic hypotension at hemodialysis initiation
Authors: Curtis Katherine A. , Waikar Sushrut S. , Mc Causland Finnian R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionElevated N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) is a potent predictor of adverse outcomes in hemodialysis initiation. These patients often experience intradialytic hypotension, which may partially reflect cardiac dysfunction, but the association of NT‐proBNP with intradialytic hypotension is not clear.MethodsWe performed a post hoc analysis of a randomized trial that tested mannitol versus placebo in 52 patients initiating hemodialysis (NCT01520207). NT‐proBNP was measured prior to the first and third sessions (n = 87). Mixed‐effects models (adjusting for randomized treatment, sex, race, age, diabetes, heart failure, catheter use, pre‐dialysis systolic blood pressure, pre‐dialysis weight, ultrafiltration volume, serum sodium, bicarbonate, urea nitrogen, phosphate, albumin, hemoglobin, and session length) were fit to examine the association of NT‐proBNP with systolic blood pressure decline (pre‐dialysis minus nadir systolic blood pressure). Additionally, mixed‐effects Poisson models were fit to examine the association with intradialytic hypotension (≥20 mmHg decline in systolic blood pressure).FindingsMean age was 55 ± 16 years; 33% had baseline heart failure. The median NT‐proBNP was 5498 [25th‐75th percentile 2011, 14,790] pg/mL; 26 sessions (30%) were complicated by intradialytic hypotension. In adjusted models, each unit higher log‐NT‐proBNP was associated with 6.0 mmHg less decline in systolic blood pressure (95%CI −9.2 to −2.8). Higher pre‐dialysis NT‐proBNP, per log‐unit, was associated with a 52% lower risk of intradialytic hypotension (IRR 0.48, 95%CI 0.23–0.97), without evidence for effect modification by randomized treatment (P‐interaction = 0.17).DiscussionIn patients initiating hemodialysis, higher NT‐proBNP is associated with less decline in intradialytic systolic blood pressure and lower risk of intradialytic hypotension. Future studies should investigate if higher pre‐dialysis NT‐proBNP levels may identify patients who might tolerate more aggressive ultrafiltration.
Development and application of artificial intelligence‐based facial skin image diagnosis system: Changes in facial skin characteristics with ageing in Korean women
Authors: Park Hyeokgon , Park Sae‐ra , Lee Sangran , Hwang Joongwon , Lee Myeongryeol , Jang Sue Im , Jung Yuchul , Yeon Yeongmin , Kang Nayoung , Suh Byung‐Fhy , Kim Eunjoo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based diagnostic system for analysing facial skin images using expert judgements and explore its feasibility for skin ageing research, specifically by evaluating facial skin changes in Korean women of various ages.MethodsOur AI‐based facial skin diagnosis system (Dr. AMORE®) uses facial images of Korean women to analyse wrinkles, pigmentation, skin pores, and other skin red spots. The system is trained using clinical expert evaluations and deep learning. We assessed the system's precision and sensitivity by analysing the correlation between the diagnoses by the AI system and those of the experts. We used 120 images of Korean women aged 10–60 years to evaluate the changes in various facial skin characteristics with ageing.ResultsThe precision and sensitivity of the developed system were excellent (>0.9%), and the diagnosis scores using the detected area and intensity of each item were correlated significantly higher with the visual evaluation results of the clinical experts (>0.8, p < 0.001). We also analysed facial images of Korean women aged 10–60 years to quantify changes in the scores of wrinkles, pigmentation, and skin pores with age. We identified the age group with the most significant changes as 20s to 30s. Analysis of the detailed skin characteristics of each item showed that wrinkles and pigmentation changed significantly in the 20s–30s, and skin pores increased significantly in the 10s–20s. There was no significant correlation with age or change according to the age group for skin red spots.ConclusionDeveloped AI‐based facial skin diagnosis system can automatically diagnose skin conditions based on clinical expert judgement using only photographic images and analyse various items in detail, quantitatively, and visually. This AI system can provide new and useful approaches in research areas that require a lot of resources and different characterizations, such as the study of facial skin ageing.
Return and volatility connectedness and net directional patterns in spillover transmissions: East and Southeast Asian equity markets
Authors: Mateus Cesario , Bagirov Miramir , Mateus Irina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the pattern and dynamics of return and volatility connectedness across East and Southeast Asian markets (referred to as the ASEAN5 + 5 group) by utilizing forecast‐error variance decompositions in a generalized VAR framework in conjunction with the Bai‐Perron procedure to control for structural breaks. Our analysis of the dynamics of return spillovers in static and time‐varying settings identifies that the stock markets of Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea act as constant and largest net transmitters of shocks throughout the period from January 2003 to July 2021. The Chinese stock market is found to have the lowest return connectedness with other regional markets, which could be due to the local foreign ownership regulations. Visualization of the net pairwise return spillover network shows that Singapore is the sole net transmitter of shocks to all other markets in the ASEAN5 + 5 group, whereas, China, despite its market size is the sole net recipient. Two other markets in the regional group are identified as the net receivers, Japan and the Philippines, with the former becoming a net recipient from 2007. Our analysis of structural breaks shows that return spillovers across the markets intensify during periods of economic turmoil, financial shocks and the health crisis (COVID‐19), however, return to the pre‐shock levels during stable market periods. Further analysis of time‐varying patterns revealed that the dynamic connectedness across the region is not symmetrical and the influence of negative returns is more pronounced. The investigation of volatility spillovers shows no substantial differences. The stock markets generally retain their roles. Importantly, the time‐varying volatility connectedness exhibits similar patterns and tends to reach peak levels during turbulent episodes.
Influence of vacancies on the optical and electronic properties of the rhombohedral In2O3 oxide
Authors: Pan Yong , Wen Ming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo study the vacancy mechanism of In2O3, we apply the first‐principles method to study the influence of vacancy on the structural stability, electronic and optical properties of the rhombohedral In2O3. Two vacancies: In‐vacancy (V‐In) and O‐vacancy (V‐O) are considered here. The calculated results show that the rhombohedral In2O3 with In‐vacancy and O‐vacancy are thermodynamic and dynamical stabilities based on the vacancy formation energy and phonon dispersion. In particular, In‐vacancy has better thermodynamic stability in comparison to the O‐vacancy. Importantly, the rhombohedral In2O3 exhibits ultraviolet properties. However, two vacancies lead to the peak migration from the ultraviolet region to the visible light region. Furthermore, it is found that the calculated band gap of In2O3 with In‐vacancy is 1.07 eV, which is wider than the parent In2O3 (0.841 eV). Naturally, the wide band gap of In‐vacancy is that the removed In atom aggravates the difficulty of the electronic interaction between the conduction band and the valence band near the Fermi level. On the contrary, O‐vacancy shows metallic behavior because O‐vacancy (V‐O) enhances the electronic interaction near the Fermi level.