bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colorado potato beetles show differential digestive compensatory responses to host plants expressing distinct sets of defense proteins
Authors: Rivard Daniel , Cloutier Conrad , Michaud Dominique 
Published: February 2004

AbstractHerbivorous insects fed plants expressing proteinase inhibitors (PIs) compensate for the loss of digestive proteolytic functions by producing novel proteinases. We assessed here whether such compensatory responses represent a general, non‐specific adaptation to defense‐related proteins in host plant tissues, or if distinct responses occur depending on the stress exerted on the plant. As a model, growth, development, and digestive proteases of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) were monitored after feeding larvae with plants pre‐treated with either methyl jasmonate or arachidonic acid, two compounds inducing different sets of defense genes in potato. In brief, larvae fed plants treated with jasmonate or arachidonate were negatively affected compared to larvae fed non‐treated plants, suggesting the potency of both molecules to induce partial resistance to potato beetles in potato. On the other hand, larvae fed treated plants partially compensated for the presence of defense‐related proteins by adapting their digestive proteolytic system, both quantitatively and qualitatively. These compensatory processes varied depending on the treatment, the larvae fed arachidonate‐treated plants showing the most dramatic response. Compensation to jasmonate and arachidonate was also influenced by a cysteine PI from rice expressed in the plant, pointing out the possible indirect effects of recombinant defense proteins on naturally‐occurring plant–insect interactions. These observations, while showing the potential of jasmonate and arachidonate as inducers of partial resistance to the potato beetle in potato, also suggest that digestive compensation in herbivorous insects is determined, at least in part, by defense‐related compounds found in the plant in response to different stress stimuli or as a result of ectopic expression in transgenic plants. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 55:114–123, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, Anti‐inflammatory and Analgesic Synthesis, Anti‐inflammatory and Analgesic New 4(3H)‐Quinazolinone Derivatives
Authors: Yeşilada Akgül , Koyunoğlu Semra , Saygılıa Nezire , Kupeli Esra , Yeşilada Erdem , Bedir Erdal , Khanc Ikhlas 
Published: February 2004

Abstract4(3H)‐Quinazolinone and pyrazole derivatives have been shown to have analgesic and anti‐inflammatory properties. In this study, 14 new 3‐methyl‐4(3H)quinazolinone derivatives bearing 2‐[1′‐phenyl‐3′‐(substituted‐phenyl)‐2′‐propenylidene]hydrazino or 2[5′‐(substituted phenyl)‐3′‐phenyl‐2′‐pyrazolin‐1′‐yl] groups have been synthesized with the aim of obtaining new analgesic and anti‐inflam matory leads. The structures were elucidated by means of UV, IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis data. The anti‐inflammatory activities of the synthesized compounds were determined by carrageenan‐induced hind paw edema test in mice. All the compounds showed statistically significant effects. For analgesic activity assessment, p‐benzoquinone‐induced writhing test was applied in mice. The results obtained were in accordance with the anti‐inflammatory activity tests.
Structure/Activity Investigations of 5‐Substituted 3‐Methylisoxazole[5, 4‐d]1, 2, 3‐triazin‐4‐one Derivatives
Authors: Jezierska Aneta , Maczyński Marcin , Koll Aleksander , Ryng Stanisław 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe series of 5‐substituted 3‐methylisoxazole[5, 4‐d]1, 2, 3‐triazin‐4‐one derivatives was obtained by diazotization of 5‐amino‐3‐methylisoxazol‐4‐carboxylic acid hydrazide. The immunological activity of these compounds was investigated experimentally in several in vitro and in vivo assays in mice and human models. In the next step, quantum‐chemical investigations were performed using density functional theory with the B3LYP hybrid exchange‐correlation energy functional and 6‐31G(d, p) basis set. The Polarizable Continuum (SCRF/PCM) solvent model was also taken into account in order to show solvent influence on electron density and electrostatic potential around the exemplary molecules. Correlations between molecular structure and biological properties were found using a stepwise selection of scales for the multiple linear regression (MLR).
Thiirancarboxamides as Inhibitors of Papain
Authors: Bruno Gemma , Schirmeister Tanja 
Published: February 2004

AbstractDerivatives of the thiirancarboxylic acid building‐block containing a peptide bond were synthesised and screened against the model cysteine protease papain. The most active of the series showed a second‐order rate constant of inactivation comparable to that of the parent compound. The insertion of a peptide moiety seems to compensate the lack of a free carboxylate interacting with the histidinium ion at the enzyme's active site.
Synthesis and NMDA‐Receptor Affinity of Ring and Side Chain Homologous Dexoxadrol Derivatives
Authors: Aepkers Marion , Wünsch Bernhard 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe regioselectivity during transacetalization of benzophenone dimethyl acetal (4) with butane‐1, 2, 4‐triol (5) is controlled by the reaction conditions. Thermo‐dynamic control leads predominantly to the 1, 3‐dioxolane 6 whereas kinetic control favors the six‐membered acetal 7. The amines 2a—e and 3a—e are synthesized from the alcohols 6 and 7 and are investigated in receptor binding studies with radioligands for their affinity to the phencyclidine binding site of the NMDA—receptor. In both series the primary amines 2a and 3a show the highest NMDA—receptor affinity (2a: Ki = 3.38 μM; 3a: Ki = 1.45 μM). The NMDA receptor slightly prefers the 1, 3‐dioxane derivatives 3a and 3b compared to 2a and 2b (factor 2—3). Low interactions of the amines 3a and 3b with various receptor and reuptake systems indicate selectivity for the NMDA receptor. Surprisingly, the piperidine derivative 2e binds with high affinity at σ1‐receptors and, therefore, represents a novel lead compound for high affinity σ1‐receptor ligands.
The Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of some ω‐Phthalimido‐N‐phenylacetamide and Propionamide Derivatives
Authors: Soyer Zeynep , Kılıc Fatma Sultan , Erol Kevser , Pabuccuoglu Varol 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn this study, by combining anilide and N′, N′‐phthaloylglycinamide pharmacophores which are known to produce potent anticonvulsant compounds, sixteen ω‐phthalimido‐N‐phenylacetamide and propionamide derivatives bearing substituents at positions 2 or 2, 6 on N‐phenyl ring have been synthesized. The structural confirmation of the title compounds was achieved by interpretation of spectral and analytical data. The anticonvulsant activity of the title compounds was determined against maximal electroshock seizure at 100 mg/kg dose level in mice. The preliminary screening results indicated that ω‐phthalimido‐N‐phenylacetamide and propionamide nuclei have pronounced anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock seizure.
Recently Synthesized Class of Vinylphosphonates as Potent Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP‐2) Inhibitors
Authors: Al‐Quntar Abed Al‐Aziz , Baum Ofir , Reich Reuven , Srebnik Morris 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAn in vitro evaluation of MMP‐2 inhibitors for a series of novel vinylphosphonic acids and phosphonic esters that contain various functional groups, shows that various types exhibit excellent efficiency, and points towards potent, promising compounds. Other types displayed relatively weak activity.
Sequential changes in plasma selenium concentration after cadaveric renal transplantation
Authors: Morris-Stiff G J , Oleesky D A , Smith S C , Jurewicz W A 
Published: February 2004

Abstract

Background
Previous investigations have shown that plasma selenium concentrations are significantly lower in patients with established chronic graft nephropathy (CGN) than in healthy transplant controls. The aims of this study were to determine when in the transplant process low selenium concentrations become apparent and to explore the relationship between selenium levels and risk factors for CGN.

Methods
Plasma selenium concentrations were measured in 40 patients (20 receiving cyclosporin, 20 receiving tacrolimus) undergoing transplantation. Samples were obtained immediately before transplantation and at 3, 6 and 12 months after transplantation.

Results
A low plasma selenium concentration was found in 30 patients at the time of transplantation but this had normalized in the majority of patients by 3 months. Plasma selenium concentrations at 3, 6 and 12 months were significantly higher than baseline values for both treatment arms, but were significantly lower at 3 months in patients who experienced either clinical acute rejection (CAR) or cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during the preceding months.

Conclusion
Low plasma selenium concentrations are common at the time of transplantation but appear to normalize thereafter. The identification of low selenium levels in patients who experience CAR or CMV (two important risk factors for clinically apparent CGN) suggests that the relationship between selenium and CGN warrants further investigation.
Gene expression profiling of renal medullary carcinoma
Authors: Yang Ximing J. , Sugimura Jun , Tretiakova Maria S. , Furge Kyle , Zagaja Gregory , Sokoloff Mitchell , Pins Michael , Bergan Raymond , Grignon David J. , Stadler Walter M. , Vogelzang Nicholas J. , Teh Bin Tean 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDRenal medullary carcinoma is a rare kidney tumor with highly aggressive behavior. This tumor occurs exclusively in young patients with sickle cell trait or disease. To the authors' knowledge, very little is known to date regarding the underlying molecular genetics of this tumor, and no effective therapy has been established.METHODSThe authors analyzed the gene expression profiles of 2 renal medullary carcinomas from patients with sickle cell trait using microarrays containing 21,632 cyclic DNA (cDNA) clones and compared them with the gene expression profiles of 64 renal tumors.RESULTSBased on global gene clustering with 3583 selected cDNAs, the authors found a distinct molecular signature of renal medullary carcinoma, which clustered closely with urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma of the renal pelvis, rather than renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This finding of a significant difference in the gene expression patterns of renal medullary carcinoma compared with RCC suggests that this tumor should not be treated as a conventional RCC but, rather, as a special malignancy. This study also identified genes/proteins that may serve as biomarkers for renal medullary carcinoma or as potential targets of novel therapies. In addition, comparative genomic microarray analysis allowed the authors to predict the lack of chromosomal imbalances in this tumor.CONCLUSIONSTo the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first molecular profiling of renal medullary carcinoma, a rare but highly aggressive kidney carcinoma. The genes that are expressed specifically in this tumor may lead to not only a better understanding of its molecular pathways and discoveries of novel diagnostic markers but also, more important, to effective therapeutic interventions. Cancer 2004;100:976–85. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Low recurrence rate after surgery for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
Authors: DuBay Derek , Cimmino Vincent , Lowe Lori , Johnson Timothy M. , Sondak Vernon K. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDDermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare sarcoma with a propensity for local recurrence. Treatments with wide excision, Mohs surgery, and other approaches have been reported with widely variable local control rates. The objective of this study was to review the experience with a multidisciplinary approach employing wide excision and Mohs surgery selectively in the treatment of patients with DFSP at a single academic institution over the past 10 years.METHODSThe records of 62 patients with 63 DFSP tumors who underwent wide excision, Mohs surgery, or a multidisciplinary combination approach from January 1991 to December 2000 were reviewed retrospectively. Primary endpoints included the ability to extirpate the DFSP lesion completely, the tumor recurrence rate, and the need for skin grafts or local tissue flaps. Additional objectives included defining surgical practice patterns at the authors' institution.RESULTSSixty‐three DFSP lesions were removed from 62 patients. At a median follow‐up of 4.4 years, no local or distant recurrences were detected in any patient. Forty‐three lesions were treated with wide local excision, 11 lesions were treated with Mohs surgery, and 9 lesions were treated with a combination approach. Ninety‐five percent of lesions that were approached initially with wide local excision were cleared histologically. Two patients (5%) received postoperative radiation for positive margins after undergoing maximal excision. Eighty‐five percent of lesions that were approached initially with Mohs surgery were cleared histologically. The remaining 15% of lesions subsequently were cleared surgically with a wide excision. DFSP lesions that were approached initially with Mohs surgery tended to be smaller. Patients with head and neck lesions most often underwent Mohs surgery or were treated with a multidisciplinary combination approach (87%).CONCLUSIONSWide local excision with careful pathologic analysis of margins was found to have a very low recurrence rate and was used for the majority of patients with DFSP lesions at the authors' institution. Wide local excision, Mohs surgery, and a multidisciplinary combination approach, selected based on both tumor and patient factors, were capable of achieving very high local control rates in the treatment of DFSP. The evolution of a multidisciplinary approach has provided a level of expertise that no single individual could achieve for the treatment of the full spectrum of DFSP lesions at the authors' institution. Cancer 2004;100:1008–16. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Screening computed tomography
Authors: Fenton Joshua J. , Weiss Noel S. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite uncertain benefits and harms, screening computed tomography (CT) is being marketed to consumers in the U.S. One plausible harm is the detection and treatment of renal carcinoma cases that otherwise would have remained clinically silent during the patient's lifetime.METHODSAfter estimating the prevalence of preclinical renal carcinoma using meta‐analysis of five series of asymptomatic, middle‐aged Americans who received CT screening, the authors divided the prevalence by U.S. incidence rates of clinical renal carcinoma among persons of similar age. This calculation would estimate the mean duration of the detectable preclinical period (the “sojourn time”) of renal carcinoma if the incidence of preclinical and clinical renal carcinoma were equivalent.RESULTSThe 5 series included 16,174 screenees (mean age range, 58–64 years; 61% male). The prevalence of asymptomatic renal carcinoma ranged from 0.11% to 0.76%; the pooled prevalence was 0.21% (95% confidence interval, 0.14–0.28%). The estimated mean sojourn time for renal carcinoma was between 3.7 years and 5.8 years among middle‐aged Americans.CONCLUSIONSBecause most renal carcinomas grow slowly during the preclinical period, the authors' estimated mean sojourn time did not seem unduly long. Therefore, the incidence rate of clinical renal carcinoma most likely is a reasonable surrogate for the incidence rate of preclinical renal carcinoma, implying that most renal carcinomas detected by CT screening among middle‐aged Americans are likely to progress to clinical diagnosis. Cancer 2004;100:986–90. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Redirected T‐cell cytotoxicity to epithelial cell adhesion molecule‐overexpressing adenocarcinomas by a novel recombinant antibody, E3Bi, in vitro and in an animal model
Authors: Ren‐Heidenreich Lifen , Davol Pamela A. , Kouttab Nicola M. , Elfenbein Gerald J. , Lum Lawrence G. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo redirect cytotoxic T cells to target a broad range of adenocarcinomas, the authors constructed a novel, recombinant, bispecific antibody, E3Bi, directed at the tumor‐associated antigen, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), and the CD3 receptor on T cells.METHODST cells were prepared from healthy blood donors. The cytotoxicity of activated T cells (ATC) redirected to tumor cells by E3Bi was measured with in vitro 51Cr release assays. In vivo studies were performed in a severe combined immunodeficient (SCID)/Beige mouse xenograft model. Tumor‐bearing mice were treated with low doses (1 mg/kg) or high doses (10 mg/kg) of E3Bi along with ATC (2 × 109 cells/kg), and treatment efficacy was evaluated both by ex vivo tumor cell survival assay after in vivo treatments and by in vivo tumor growth delay studies.RESULTSIn vitro, targeting the EpCAM‐overexpressing human tumor cell lines with E3Bi increased specific cytotoxicity of ATC by > 70% at an effector‐to‐target ratio of 2.5 (P < 0.001); this cytotoxicity was abolished competitively in the presence of an anti‐EpCAM monoclonal antibody. In contrast, E3Bi did not enhance ATC cytotoxicity toward the low EpCAM‐expressing tumor cell line. In ex vivo tumor cytotoxicity assays, a significant reduction in tumor cell survival (40% with low‐dose E3Bi; 90% with high‐dose E3Bi) was observed in E3Bi/ATC‐treated mice compared with control mice that were treated with ATC only. In addition, SCID/Beige mice xenografted with LS174T tumors demonstrated a significant tumor growth delay (P = 0.0139) after receiving E3Bi/ATC/interleukin 2 (IL‐2) compared with mice that received ATC/IL‐2 alone.CONCLUSIONSE3Bi specifically and very efficiently redirected T cells to destroy EpCAM‐overexpressing tumors both in vitro and in an animal model. These results suggest a therapeutic utility for E3Bi in the treatment of adenocarcinomas. Cancer 2004;100:1095–103. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Birth characteristics and hepatoblastoma risk in young children
Authors: Reynolds Peggy , Urayama Kevin Y. , Von Behren Julie , Feusner James 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough hepatoblastoma is a very rare childhood cancer, its incidence appears to be rising, especially among children with very low birth weight. With the exception of documented correlations with certain congenital anomalies, the etiology of hepatoblastoma remains largely unknown.METHODSUsing California's population‐based cancer registry, the authors identified 113 children ages birth–4 years with hepatoblastoma who were diagnosed between 1988 and 1997. Ninety‐nine of those 113 children (88%) were matched to a California birth certificate, and randomly selected controls from the same birth certificate files were matched to cases (4:1) according to the month and year of birth and gender. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression analyses.RESULTSA strikingly elevated risk of hepatoblastoma was found in children who were born with very low birth weight (< 1500 g; OR, 50.57; 95% CI, 6.59–387.97). A plot of the distribution by birth weight showed interesting peaks at birth weights < 1000 g and 3000–3499 g among cases. Children who weighed < 1000 g showed a statistically significant, linear trend toward being diagnosed at an older age (P = 0.036), which seemed to be explained in part by gestational age.CONCLUSIONSThe results confirmed previously reported findings of an increased hepatoblastoma risk among children with very low birth weight and suggested that the etiology may differ between children with very low birth weight and children with normal birth weight. Cancer 2004;100:1070–6. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
A Phase II study of docetaxel and carboplatin as neoadjuvant therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma with early T status and advanced N status
Authors: Johnson Faye M. , Garden Adam , Palmer J. Lynn , Kies Merrill , Clayman Gary , Brumfield Brenda , Khuri Fadlo R. , Morrison William , Papadimitrakopoulou Vassiliki , Diaz Eduardo M. , Glisson Bonnie S. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDPromising results from a Phase II trial of induction chemotherapy and sequential radiotherapy for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX) and two retrospective reviews of the authors' historical experience with NPC demonstrated that distant failure was directly correlated with advanced lymph node status. Furthermore, local control was excellent for patients with T1–3 disease that was managed with radiation alone or with a sequential approach involving chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (primarily with cisplatin + 5‐fluorouracil) was associated with a significantly decreased risk of distant metastasis and with improved survival. Based on these findings, the authors evaluated a novel induction regimen involving docetaxel and carboplatin for patients with previously untreated T1–2N2–3M0 NPC.METHODSDocetaxel (80 mg/m2 on Day 1) and carboplatin (to an area under the time‐concentration curve of 6 on Day 1) were administered every 21 days for 3 cycles, after which radiotherapy was administered. NPC was restaged with magnetic resonance imaging and nasopharyngoscopy 3 weeks after the completion of chemotherapy and 6 weeks after the completion of radiotherapy.RESULTSOver 5 years, 18 patients were enrolled in the study. Grade 4 neutropenia and Grade 2 fatigue were observed in 51% and 28% of chemotherapy courses, respectively. After chemotherapy, 2 patients had complete responses, 14 had partial responses, 1 had a minor response, and 1 had progressive disease. The latter two patients and one patient who had a partial response underwent off‐study chemoradiotherapy. After radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, 12 patients had complete responses and 6 had partial responses. Seven patients had recurrent disease; two had local recurrences, and five had distant metastases.CONCLUSIONSAlthough unlikely to be superior to cisplatin + 5‐fluorouracil, the trial regimen could be administered quickly in the outpatient setting, was logistically more convenient for the patient, and was devoid of serious nonhematologic toxic effects. We believe that the risk‐based approach examined in the current study merits further investigation. Cancer 2004;100:991–8. © 2004 American Cancer Society.