bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Other Russia: Pictures by ‘Jackasses’
Authors: Caute David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The dream scenario for the Western media played itself out on 1 December 1962, when Khrushchev and his retinue paid a sudden call on an art exhibition at the Manezh Gallery, close to the Kremlin. Khrushchev did everything but pull the offending canvases from the walls; he fumed, raged, and fulminated against the West. This was, perhaps, cold war culture’s finest hour.
Irrational Pursuits: Hyper-Incentives from a Visceral Brain
Authors: Berridge Kent C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to consider the possibility that people make choices that are irrational-in a strong sense of the term. I acknowledge at the outset that many readers might object to a strong notion of irrational choice, either on the grounds that it is a contradiction in terms, or because it seems a mere admission of ignorance about someone else’s private hedonic world. Yet, I will argue that irrational choice may be both plausible and in some cases demonstrable.
Disadvantage and Demography—Chicken and Egg?
Authors: Kiernan Kathleen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Children in Britain are amongst the most likely of European Union children to grow up in poverty (Bradbury and Jantti 1999; Piachaud and Sutherland 2000; and Table 9.4 in this volume). An important engine behind this vulnerability is significant differences in the demography of family life in Britain compared with other European countries. British children, compared with their European contemporaries, are more likely to be born to young mothers and to solo mothers, are more likely to see their parents separate and to live in lone-mother families, all of which enhance the chances of growing up disadvantaged (Kiernan 1997b, 1999; Bradshaw et al. 1996).
Famine Yesterday and Today in Burundi
Authors: Thibon Christian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Burundi is a small, densely populated, hilly country in central Africa, wedged among Rwanda, the Congo, and Tanzania. Peopled in the main by two ethnic groups, the Hutu and the Tutsi, it was colonized by Germany in the 1880s and ruled by Belgium between 1916 and 1962. Its 28,000 square kilometres contained about 2 million people c.1950, making it one of the most densely populated places in Africa. The history of famine in Burundi, or at least the narrative thread most commonly retained by collective memory and in academic and official sources, at first sight suggests a classic pattern (Table 7.1). According to this version of the past, the mortality crises, food shortages, and famines associated with the colonial period were followed by a period of population growth from the mid-twentieth century on, or more precisely in the wake of the ‘Manori’ famine, the last famine on a national scale in 1943-4. For a time, ‘Manori’ seemed to mark an end to the era of famines. Since then, however, in common with many other African countries Burundi has seen the emergence of crises of an inter-tribal or socio-political character, about which there has been either a silence or, on the contrary, an overemphasis of their dimensions and their effects.
Famine and the Female Mortality Advantage
Authors: Macintyre Kate 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The possibility of a &lt;female advantage’ in mortality during famines1 has been proposed in the past, though often dismissed simply as a feature of data bias. Unfortunately, the authorities who observe the phenomenon and who most argue its validity also rarely take the time to analyse why there might be a female advantage, nor do they address what specific factors might explain it. On the contrary, the explanations given are often brief and tentative, and they are foUowed by warnings about the quality of the data and the lack of information about the social and political context of the famine. This chapter has two objectives. First, I present a critical review of historical famine literature and identify evidence for a female advantage. Using secondary sources, this section establishes that the weight of evidence does indeed indicate an advantage for women in mortality as a consequence of famine.
Transformations of Love
Authors: Harris Frances 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The most controversial episode in the life of the seventeenth-century virtuoso and diarist John Evelyn has always been his passionate, complex friendship with the Restoration maid of honour Margaret Blagge, afterwards Mrs Godolphin. His ‘Life of Mrs Godolphin’, written after her early death in childbirth, exalted the friendship and represented her as effectively a saint. They saw their intense friendship as platonic spiritual mentoring. Yet it is sometimes argued that what took place between them was actually a kind of seduction on Evelyn’s part; that far from trying to overcome her religious scruples about marriage to a young man she deeply loved, as he afterwards claimed, he secretly encouraged them in order to keep her in his power, and even falsified some documents to conceal this from her husband, whose patronage he sought. Was Evelyn in his way as much a sexual predator as the Restoration rakes he professed to despise, or does the episode provide a window on an unexplored aspect of early modern spirituality? Undoubtedly there was more to the friendship than Evelyn publicly admitted, but it remains a puzzle still to be interpreted. This new study is based on Evelyn’s papers, now fully accessible for the first time, and on important and hitherto unknown correspondence between Margaret Blagge and her future husband. It situates the episode fully within the pre- and post-Reformation debates concerning marriage and friendship (the latter seen by some as ‘more a sacrament’ than marriage) and the long traditions of platonic love and intense friendships between men and women in religious contexts. Its diverse and vividly realized settings include the glamorous, disreputable public household of the Restoration court and the great gardens of the day, at once ‘little worlds’ in microcosm and recreations of paradise on earth.
A New Revolutionary History
Authors: Hart Peter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The essays in this volume investigate and interpret the revolution that took place in Ireland, and the forces that shaped it both there and in Britain. They focus on violence, its practitioners, and its victims. Guerrilla warfare, terrorism, communal conflict, displaced people, assassins, gunmen, and gun-runners: the storyline and cast are familiar to any initiate in Irish histmy-1916: failed rebellion sparks emotional response from nationalist population seeking oft-denied self-government; I 9I 7I 8: separatist movement arises, combats incompetently oppressive government, and wins majority of Irish scats at general election; 1919: revolutionary assembly is formed, claims sovereignty, is suppressed by government but retains mass support; 1920: revolutionary army wages war of liberation. Official counter-insurgency policies further alienate nationalists; 192 1: military stalemate leads to truce, negotiation, and compromise treaty delivering functional independence; 1922: movement splits as many revolutionaries are ideologically opposed to treaty terms. Intranationalist civil war follows between adherents and enemies of the new state; 1923: pro-state forces win; 1920-2: country partitioned to satisfy counter-revolutionary antinationalist ethnic minority. Regional anti-nationalist state established, accompanied by extensive ethnic violence.
Consciousness I
Authors: Shanon Benny 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There must be a fourth state beyond the waking, dreaming and dreamless states in which the absolute oneness of Brahman-Atman is what should be known. Ayahuasca is an agent that induces an altered state of consciousness; as such, it does precisely that-it modifies people’s state of consciousness. In this chapter (and in Chs. 14 and 16) I examine these modifications and the effects associated with them. Before doing so, however, I will make some more general remarks regarding the nature of human consciousness.
Concluding Philosophical Reflections
Authors: Shanon Benny 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The world of imagination is the world of eternity; it is the divine bosom into which we shall all go after the death of the vegetated body. This world of imagination is infinite and eternal, whereas the world of generation, or vegetation, is finite and temporal. There exist in that eternal world the permanent realities of e ‘ery thing which we see reflected in this vegetable glass of nature. AH things are comprehended in their eternal forms in the divine body of the sa ‘iour, the true vine of eternity, the human imagination, who appeared to me as coming to judgment among his saints and throwing off the temporal that the eternal might be established.
Colonial and Postcolonial Literature
Authors: Boehmer Elleke 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Colonial and Postcolonial Literature is the leading critical overview of and historical introduction to colonial and postcolonial literary studies. Highly praised from the time of its first publication for its lucidity, breadth, and insight, the book has itself played a crucial part in founding and shaping this rapidly expanding field. The author, an internationally renowned postcolonial critic, provides a broad contextualizing narrative about the evolution of colonial and postcolonial writing in English. Illuminating close readings of texts by a wide variety of writers - from Kipling and Conrad through to Kincaid, from Ngugi to Noonuccal and Naipaul - explicate key theoretical terms such as 'subaltern', 'colonial resistance', 'writing back', and 'hybridity'. This revised edition includes new critiques of postcolonial women's writing, an expanded and fully annotated bibliography, and a new chapter and conclusion on postcolonialism exploring keynote debates in the field relating to sexuality, transnationalism, and local resistance.
The Distribution of Earnings in spain during the 1980s:
Authors: Bover Olympia , Lila Samuel Bentolila , Arellano Manuel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Since the early 1980s, the UK and the US have witnessed significant increases in wage inequality. In contrast, there has been little change in other countries such as France or Germany. Increases in Anglo-Saxon countries have been traced back to rising returns to education and experience, but also to higher differences in remunerations for workers with comparable schooling and seniority. Forces often mentioned as underlying these developments are changes in demographics, changes in labour quality, skill-biased technological change, rising returns to unobserved ability, growing international trade flows, and changes in institutions such as declines in minimum wages in real terms or deunionization.
Property Owning Companies
Authors: Dyson Henry 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The use of a société civile as a vehicle to avoid the impact of French entrenched inheritance rights (la résave) in the case of persons who die domiciled in England is discussed in Chapter 29. There may be other reasons why it is advantageous for those who are domiciled in France as well as those whose domicile is English to make use of the société civile as the owner of French land and the object of this chapter is to provide a limited appreciation of the law and procedure applicable to the type of French company most suitably used for property ownership. It is not intended to supply detailed information available from books specializing in French company law.
The Hidden Side of Group Behaviour: A Gender Analysis of Community Forestry in South Asia
Authors: Agarwal Bina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Community forestry groups, managing State or community-owned forest resources, represent one of the most rapidly growing forms of collective action in the developing world. They thus provide an especially useful study in how groups function. This chapter focuses on South Asian experience to illuminate how such groups, ostensibly set-up to operate on principles of cooperation, and meant to involve and benefit all members of the rural community, often effectively exclude significant sections, such as women. While seemingly participatory, equitable and efficient, they cloak substantial gender-related inequities and inefficiencies. The chapter also analyses what underlies such unfavourable outcomes and how the outcomes could be improved.
The Behavior of Random Variables with Non stationary Variance and the Distribution of Security Prices
Authors: Rosenberg Barr 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When the variance of a population of random variables is non stationary, the population kurtosis is greater than the kurtosis of the probability distribution of the individual random variables. Therefore, the high kurtosis observed in the distribution of security prices can be explained by high kurtosis in the individual price changes, non stationarity in the variances of the price changes, or any combination of these two causes. For a 100-year series of monthly changes in the Standard & Poor’s Composite Index, fluctuations in variance as forecasted by a two-parameter model explain 70 percent of the deviation of the sample kurtosis from normality. The results suggest that increments in the logarithms of security prices obey a normal distribution with predictably fluctuating variance.
Commitment Devices under Self-control Problems: An Overview
Authors: Brocas Isabelle , Carrillo Juan D , Dewatripont Mathias 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In everyday decision-making, most choices made by individuals involve intertemporal tradeoffs between immediate and delayed gratification (eating, drinking, and smoking versus abstinence to keep a healthy state, current consumption versus saving for the future, leisure versus work to increase wealth, etc.). Traditional economic analyses capture the temporal dimension of individual preferences with the exponential discount utility. This representation of preferences has (among others) two basic properties. First and other things being equal, future utility is valued less than current utility.
Long-memory Time Series
Authors: Robinson P M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
These descriptions face the criticism that, consistent with (1.4), there is the possibility that j()..) has one or more poles or zeros at frequencies).. E (0, n], indicative of notable cyclic behaviour. This research was supported by a Leverhulme Trust Personal Research Professorship and ESRC Grant R000238212. I thank Fabrizio Iacone for careful checking of bibliographic details and for locating typographical errors. © P. M. Robinson 2003.
Poetry and Virtual Realities
Authors: Morgan Edwin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Links between poetry and science, far from being rare and strange, are actually quite hard to avoid, if one takes the whole history of poetry into account. Well-known names line up to be considered: Lucretius, Dante, Milton, Goethe, Shelley, Leopardi, to which you might add Omar Khayyàm, famous in the West as a poet but more famous in his own country of Persia as a mathematician and astronomer, and Virgil, whose Georgics is a fine poem but at the same time a manual of agriculture and animal husbandry, written by an author who was not a dilettante but himself a farmer. Virgil’s overall title of the four-part poem, Georgicon, can be translated as ‘works of earth’: poet, farmer, and poem are all a part of nature and the understanding of nature and the transformation of nature. This poem looks back to Lucretius (whom Virgil admired) in being didactic.
Women and Part-time Employment: Workers’ ‘Choices’ and Wage Penalties in Five Industrialized Countries
Authors: Bardasi Elena , Gornick Janet c. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A large literature on part-time work concludes that it is most useful to conceptualize part-time work as a trade-off, or series of trade-offs. For many women, part-time work offers flexibility at the cost of some lost remuneration; an hourly wage gap between part-time and full-time workers has been well-documented (Bassi 1995; Gornick and Jacobs 1996; OECD 1994; Rubery 1992; EBRI 1993; Simpson 1986). For others, it constitutes a compromise state between full-time homemaking and fulltime employment, when either of those might be optimal but neither is feasible. Some scholars, especially feminist scholars, have framed the trade-off for women as one of short-term gains versus long-term losses. While part-time work offers limited labour market attachment to women who might otherwise have none, women’s disproportionate participation in part-time work in the short run cements sexual divisions of labour in both paid and unpaid work in the long term.
The Influence of Female Employment and Autonomy on Reproductive Behaviour in Egypt
Authors: Kulczycki Andrzej , Juárez Lucía 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) held in Cairo, Egypt, emphasized the importance of improving access to employment for women in order to promote their empowerment and to enhance demographic change. Female labour force participation has often been used as a marker of women’s status, on the assumption that an earning capacity empowers women and increases their autonomy. Yet the implications of women’s work for their general well-being and empowerment are, in fact, not always so clear. Economic development, often assumed to give women a more active role in the society and economy, may equally lead to the marginalization and exploitation of poorer urban and rural women in non-competitive sectors. Meanwhile, women participating in the modern sector may be disproportionately selected from privileged backgrounds or working in gender-segregated fields. With so many economic, social, political, ideological, and legal forces impacting on women’s roles and position, it may be simplistic to assume that women’s labour force participation automatically leads to their empowerment.
Insolvency In Private International Law
Authors: Fletcher Ian F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The book deals with the problems generated by those cases of insolvency (either of an individual or of a company) where the presence of contacts with more than one system of law brings into operation the principles and methods of private international law (also known as conflict of laws). Part I of the book is mainly devoted to an examination of the body of rules and practice that has evolved in England during the course of the past two-and-a-half centuries, and surveys the current state of the law derived from a blend of statutory and case authorities. Contrasting approaches under a selection of foreign systems principally Australia, Canada, France and the USA are examined by way of comparison. There are up to date accounts of the circumstances under which insolvency proceedings can be opened in respect of debtors which are not primarily based in England, and of the grounds on which English courts will recognise foreign insolvency proceedings and give assistance to the foreign representative of the debtor ‘s estate. Part II of the book explores the progress towards the creation of international arrangements to co-ordinate and rationalise the conduct of insolvency proceedings which have cross-border features, particularly where the debtor is capable of being subjected to concurrent proceedings in two or more jurisdictions. Central to the developments described in detail in this Part are the EC Regulation on Insolvency Proceedings, in force throughout the UK since May 2002, and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency, which is due for enactment in the UK.
Representation and Constitutional Theory
Authors: Loughlin* Martin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
All modern, self-proclaimed democracies base their systems of government on the foundation of representation. The question might therefore be asked: what is it that is being represented? For many, the answer to that question is obvious: it is the people that form the objects of representation. In modern societies, so this argument runs, government does not claim to rule the people; by electing politicians to act on their behalf, government today is representative of the people. Representative government should therefore be viewed as the method by which the people are able to govern themselves.
Government by Contract Re-examined-Some Functional Issues
Authors: Freedland Mark 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A very important aspect of Carol Harlow’s huge contribution to the scholarship of administrative and public law, in the UK and in the European Union more generally, has been the way in which, sometimes in her own sole writings and sometimes in association with Richard Rawlings, she has developed and applied a functional approach to the issues which confront those who make, use, or expound this branch of the law.
Legitimacy, Legitimation, and the European Union: What Crisis?
Authors: Barker Rodney 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
To begin by asking ‘crisis? What crisis?’ may suggest parallels with the deliberate blindness of Admiral Nelson at the Battle of Copenhagen. So if precise allusions were required, ‘The Emperor’s New Crisis’ might be a more apt title, since I wish to query the existence of an alleged crisis, not ignore a real one.
French Revolutions in the Royal Academy?
Authors: Hoock Holger 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In late summer 1802, more than a dozen Royal Academicians were among the large group of British artists who used the first break in Anglo-French hostilities in nine years to travel to Paris. Having been deprived of continental contacts for so long, most Academicians went in order to see the Old Masters assembled by Napoleon in the Louvre, Lenoir’s Musee des Monuments franrais, the products of the contemporary French School in the Salon, and a plethora of other cultural venues and objects. Regardless of their motives for travelling, however, any Academician making the trip was liable to being branded as ‘democratical’ by the British royal family. It did not matter that most R.A.s were in fact strongly critical (on aesthetic and moral grounds) of much of con temporary French art, and that they objected to Jacques-Louis David’s ‘corrupt’ politics as Jacobin pageant master. The king was especially inclined to come to a hostile interpretation of the Parisian activities of Benjamin West.
Learning From Women
Authors: Lamm Bob 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I want to begin by stating how much of a pleasure and an honor it is for me to be speaking here at the invitation of the Women’s Student Union. Sometimes, when speakers make these declarations, it’s a matter of form and courtesy. But it’s a very special honor for me to be here, because I owe a very great debt to the women I ’ve known at Queens College—many of whom have worked with the Women’s Student Union, with Queens Women Against Rape, and on the Women’s Festivals. Oﬃcially, in many cases, I was the teacher for these women. But, in reality, they were my teachers, and I come here today to try to express a little of what I ’ve learned from them. Despite all my male and professorial resistance, they taught me quite a bit about their lives and oppression as women, about feminism, and about my own sexism.