bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase in the cell growth inhibition by sodium arsenite*
Authors: Kim Ja‐Young , Choi Jung‐A , Kim Tae‐Hwan , Yoo Young‐Do , Kim Jong‐Il , Lee Yong J. , Yoo Seong‐Yul , Cho Chul‐Koo , Lee Yun‐Sil , Lee Su‐Jae 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt is well‐known that p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) participates in cellular responses to mitogenic stimuli, environmental and genotoxic stresses, and apoptotic agents. Although there are several reports on p38MAPK in relation to cell growth and apoptosis, the exact mechanism of p38MAPK‐mediated cell growth regulation remains obscure. Here, we examined possible roles of p38MAPK in the sodium arsenite‐induced cell growth inhibition in NIH3T3 cells. Sodium arsenite induced transient cell growth delay with marked activation of p38MAPK. In addition, arsenite induced CDK inhibitor p21CIP1/WAF1 and enhanced its binding to the CDK2, which resulted in inhibition of CDK2 activity. The levels of cyclin D1 expression and the CDK4 kinase activity were also significantly reduced. pRB was hypophosphorylated by sodium arsenite. SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38MAPK, blocked arsenite‐induced growth inhibition as well as the arsenite‐induced p21CIP1/WAF1 expression. Expression of dominant negative p38MAPK also blocked arsenite‐induced p21CIP1/WAF1 expression. Inhibited‐CDK2 activity was also completely reversed by SB203580 or expression of dominant negative p38MAPK, while the decreased‐cyclin D1 protein by the compound was not restored. These data demonstrate a possible link between the activation of p38MAPK and induction of p21CIP1/WAF1, suggesting that the activation of p38MAPK is, at least in part, related to the cell growth inhibition by sodium arsenite. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 29–37, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Possible involvement of reactive oxygen species in D‐galactosamine–induced sensitization against tumor necrosis factor‐α–induced hepatocyte apoptosis
Authors: Osawa Yosuke , Nagaki Masahito , Banno Yoshiko , Yamada Yasuhiro , Imose Motoaki , Nozawa Yoshinori , Moriwaki Hisataka , Nakashima Shigeru 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIntravenous administration of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) (0.5 μg/mouse) caused hepatocyte apoptosis in BALB/c mice when they were sensitized with D‐galactosamine (GalN, 20 mg/mouse). Activation of nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) and expression of apoptotic Bcl‐2 family members were not significantly different between livers of mice treated with TNF‐α alone and GalN + TNF‐α, indicating that neither activation of NF‐κB nor expression of Bcl‐2 family is involved in the sensitization by GalN against TNF‐α‐induced hepatocyte apoptosis. To identify differentially expressed genes implicated in GalN‐induced hepatocyte sensitization, we adopted mRNA fingerprinting using an arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction. The present analysis revealed that mRNA expression of extracellular antioxidant, selenoprotein P, was up‐regulated in the livers after GalN administration. GalN‐induced increase in its protein level was confirmed by Western blotting. Increased expression of this gene was also observed in the liver of mice treated with concanavalin A, but not anti‐Fas antibody. mRNA of another antioxidant, glutathione peroxidase‐1, was also up‐regulated, and lipid peroxides were produced in the liver after GalN administration. Selenoprotein P mRNA level also increased in Huh‐7 human hepatoma cells incubated with GalN (5 or 10 mM). Accordingly, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in GalN‐treated Huh‐7 cells. H2O2 induced up‐regulation of selenoprotein P mRNA and sensitized Huh‐7 cells to TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis. These results suggest that ROS produced by GalN may play a pivotal role in hepatocyte sensitization toward TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Behaviour of gas–liquid mixtures in an unbaffled reactor with unsteadily forward–reverse rotating impellers
Authors: Yoshida Masanori , Watanabe Masashi , Yamagiwa Kazuaki , Ohkawa Akira , Abe Masahiko , Tezura Shuichi , Shimazaki Masuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe behaviour of gas–liquid mixtures in the vicinity of the blades of an unsteadily rotating impeller in an unbaffled agitated vessel was studied by observations made with a rotating camera. The impellers used were a disk turbine impeller with six flat blades (DT) and a novel cross‐type impeller with four delta blades (CD). The behaviour of gas–liquid mixtures near the blades of the forward–reverse rotating impeller was unsteady in terms of the formation of cavities behind the blades and their dispersion into gas bubbles, and differed from that near the blades of a unidirectionally, steadily rotating impeller. The differences in relative power consumption between the forward–reverse rotating impellers in the unbaffled vessel and the steadily rotating impellers in the baffled vessel are discussed in relation to the differences in the behaviour of gas–liquid mixtures near the blades of each rotating impeller.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Color doppler imaging in the sonohysterographic diagnosis of residual trophoblastic tissue
Authors: Zalel Yaron , Gamzu Ronni , Lidor Arie , Goldenberg Mordechai , Achiron Reuven 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of color Doppler imaging during sonohysterography in the diagnosis of residual trophoblastic tissue.MethodsThis prospective cohort study involved 25 consecutive women with clinical and sonographic signs of an echogenic intrauterine mass who were referred to the sonography unit of our institution for evaluation. All women underwent saline infusion sonohysterography with color Doppler sonographic evaluation. An operative hysteroscopy with histologic examination was performed in 17 cases.ResultsThirteen women (group A) had sonohysterographic features suggestive of residual tropho‐ blastic tissue (ie, an echogenic intrauterine lesion not detached from the uterine wall after introduction of saline). The initial diagnosis was confirmed by histologic analysis in all cases. Blood flow was detected within the intrauterine mass in 6 (46%) of these 13 women; the resistance indices were low in all 6 cases (mean ± standard error, 0.38 ± 0.01). Twelve women (group B) had sonohysterographic findings negative for retained tissue, and no blood flow was detected within any of the intrauterine masses in this group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOur results confirm the potential role of color Doppler sonography in the initial diagnosis of residual trophoblastic tissue. The detection of color Doppler signals, especially with low‐resistance flow, within an intrauterine lesion should increase the confidence of the sonologist in the diagnosis of residual trophoblastic tissue. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30: 222–225, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10059
Gallbladder wall thickening in mononucleosis syndromes
Authors: Yamada Kaoru , Yamada Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeWe used sonography to measure gallbladder wall thickness in patients with mononucleosis syndromes and then evaluated laboratory data, spleen size, and clinical evolution to assess any relationship between gallbladder wall thickening (GBWT) and the severity of disease.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records, sonograms, and sonographic reports of 39 patients who were diagnosed with mononucleosis syndromes on the basis of fever, tonsillopharyngitis, cervical adenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphocytosis with atypical lymphocytes. All 39 were included in the study. The gallbladder wall thickness in each patient was sonographically determined. GBWT was defined as a wall thickness exceeding 3 mm. We assessed the laboratory data and clinical evolution in each patient, and the differences between patients with and without GBWT were statistically analyzed.ResultsSix patients (15%) had GBWT. The mean atypical lymphocyte count ± standard deviation (SD) in the patients with GBWT (1,830/μl ± 1,000/μl) was significantly higher than that in patients without GBWT (1,140/μl ± 660/μl; p < 0.05). The mean total serum protein and serum albumin levels in the patients with GBWT (6.6 mg/dl ± 0.7 mg/dl and 3.7 mg/dl ± 0.5 mg/dl, respectively) were significantly lower than those in patients without GBWT (7.3 mg/dl ± 0.4 mg/dl and 4.1 mg/dl ± 0.3 mg/dl, respectively; p < 0.05). The duration of hospitalization in the patients with GBWT (14 ± 8.5 days) was significantly higher than that in patients without GBWT (8 ± 3.5 days; p < 0.05).ConclusionsGBWT in mononucleosis syndromes may be a sign of the severity of the illness and when present indicates the need to carefully monitor the clinical course. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:322–325, 2001.
Distinct function of Th1 and Th2 type delayed type hypersensitivity: Protective and pathological reactions to chlamydial infection
Authors: Yang Xi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe role of delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) to chlamydial infection has been shown to be a double‐edged sword to the host. Reported animal and human studies have, on the one hand, shown that DTH is associated with protective immunity against chlamydial infection and, on the other hand, shown links to immunopathology. Using a murine lung infection model, we recently demonstrated that there might be two different functional types of DTH induced by chlamydial infection based on its association with cytokine patterns. Th1 type DTH is associated with protection while Th2 type DTH is associated with immunopathology. The Th2 type DTH demonstrated in IFNγ gene knockout (KO) mice is characterized by eosinophil infiltration in addition to mononuclear cell infiltration that exists in Th1 DTH, observed in wild‐type C57BL/6 mice and IL‐10 KO mice. In addition, the inflammatory cells in IFNγ KO mice fail to target the cellular sites of chlamydial inclusions in infected tissues and fail to clear the infection. The functional differences in Th1 and Th2 type DTH responses may account for the dual role DTH plays in chlamydial protective immunity and immunopathology. Microsc. Res. Tech. 53:273–277, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interaction of rat tumor cells with blood vessels and lymphatics of the avian chorioallantoic membrane
Authors: Papoutsi Maria , Sleeman Jonathan P. , Wilting Jörg 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt has generally been assumed that tumors do not induce lymphangiogenesis and only very recently animal models have been presented showing tumor‐induced lymphangiogenesis. We have grown two types of rat tumor cells, 10AS pancreatic carcinoma and C6 glioma cells, on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick and quail embryos. The suspended tumor cells rapidly formed solid tumors which invaded the CAM and were vascularized by CAM vessels. When grown on the CAM of quail embryos intratumoral endothelial cells could be specifically stained with the QH1 antibody. In C6 gliomas the vascular pattern was more regular than in 10AS carcinomas. The vessels often grew radially into the glioma and many of them were invested by smooth muscle α‐actin‐positive periendothelial cells. Lymphatics, which were identified by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐3 (VEGFR‐3) in situ hybridization were absent from C6 gliomas, although a weak expression of the lymphangiogenic growth factor, VEGF‐C, could be detected in the C6 cells by Northern blot analysis. In contrast, 10AS cells, which expressed high levels of VEGF‐C, induced ingrowth of lymphatics into the tumors, with BrdU‐labeling rates of about 9% of lymphatic endothelial cells. Our studies demonstrate the heterogeneity of interactions of tumor cells with blood vessels and lymphatics and show that sufficient quantities and/or quality of lymphangiogenic growth factors are crucial for the induction of lymphatics in tumors. Microsc. Res. Tech. 55:100–107, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stress inhibits seasonal and FSH‐induced ovarian recrudescence in the lizard,Mabuya carinata
Authors: Ganesh C.B. , Yajurvedi H.N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStressors (handling, chasing, and noise) applied randomly five times per day for one month to lizards during the recrudescence phase of the ovarian cycle caused a significant reduction in mean number of oocytes and primordial follicles when compared to those of controls. Further, vitellogenic follicles were absent in the ovary of lizards subjected to stressors. Administration of bovine FSH during post‐breeding regression phase of the ovarian cycle induced ovarian recrudescence as shown by significant increases in the mean number of oogonia, oocytes, and primordial follicles compared to controls, as well as vitellogenic growth of follicles. However, lizards treated with FSH and exposed to stressors did not exhibit ovarian recrudescence. Furthermore, FSH administration during the post‐breeding regression phase caused a significant increase in serum levels of estradiol compared to controls, which was accompanied by significant increases in the relative weight of the liver and oviduct, as well as vitellogenic growth of follicles. Despite administration of FSH to lizards subjected to stressors, there was neither any increase in serum levels of estradiol and weight of the liver nor vitellogenic growth of follicles. The results indicate that repeated application of stressors inhibits vitellogenic growth of follicles by suppression of steroidogenic activity in M. carinata. This is the first report revealing that the ovary does not respond to gonadotrophin treatment under stressful conditions in reptiles. J. Exp. Zool. 292:640–648, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐level gene transfer to the cornea using electroporation
Authors: Blair‐Parks Kathleen , Weston Bonnie C. , Dean David A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundMethods for gene transfer to the cornea that yield high‐level expression without inflammation or trauma are currently lacking. Because electroporation has proven effective for gene transfer in other tissues in terms of expression levels and safety, this study quantitatively evaluated its use in the cornea.MethodsTo evaluate the use of electroporation in the mouse cornea, plasmids expressing either luciferase or green fluorescent protein were injected intracorneally or subconjunctivally and square‐wave electric pulses were immediately applied to the eyes. Gene expression was quantified at later times and trauma and inflammation were monitored visually and by measuring interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) production.ResultsThe application of electric pulses to eyes injected with plasmid resulted in nanogram levels of gene product expression. At an optimal field strength of 200 V/cm, no trauma, corneal edema or inflammation was observed. However, at higher field strengths, corneal damage was detected. Compared with injection of DNA alone, up to 1000‐fold more gene product was produced using electroporation. Expression was detected as early as 6 h post‐electroporation, remained high for 3 days, and decreased by 7 days. Gene expression was detected over the entire surface of the cornea in both epithelial and stromal layers.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that electroporation is an excellent method for delivering genes to multiple cell layers within the mouse cornea and that it results in extremely high levels of gene expression with little, if any, inflammatory response or tissue damage, making this a very useful technique for corneal gene transfer. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Divergences in American psychiatry during the Depression: Somatic psychiatry, community mental hygiene, and social reconstruction*
Authors: Pols Hans 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe differences between somatic psychiatrists and mental hygienists, already apparent earlier, became much more pronounced during the Depression years, partly as a consequence of their different perspectives on this social crisis. Somatic psychiatrists, emboldened by the apparent success of new medical treatment methods, reasserted the central position of the mental hospital within psychiatry, attempted to improve the discipline's position within medicine, and promoted basic research. Mental hygienists, following the ideal of prevention, proposed far‐reaching programs of community mental hygiene to alleviate widespread mental distress. A small group of mental hygienists embraced socialism and advocated measures of radical social reconstruction. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Defining AIDS competence: a working model for practical purposes
Authors: Lamboray Jean‐Louis , Skevington Suzanne M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper addresses the challenge of reducing HIV infection through creating AIDS‐competent societies. A working model is presented based on extensive international practical experience pooled by facilitators in 10 African countries and Thailand. The main underlying theme is that community members can be empowered to develop their own individual and collective plans of action that will: (i) reduce the likelihood of them becoming infected by HIV; (ii) maintain the quality of their lives through appropriate care and support to those who are infected, and to those who have developed AIDS and their families; and (iii) become autonomous, by monitoring and evaluating their progress in becoming fully AIDS‐competent and learning from each other about how best to move forward in this process, using methods and a strategy that is acceptable to the wider community. A further component of the working model would be the inclusion of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWA) in such activities. This successful bottom‐up process is permeating upwards from the grassroots to professionals in many sectors at district and national levels. It promises to provide a powerful, tailor‐made method for the containment of HIV infection. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finance in conflict and reconstruction
Authors: Addison Tony , Billon Philippe Le , Murshed S. Mansoob 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe relationship between an economy's financial sector and the occurrence and resolution of conflict may at first sight appear tenuous. Banking systems, financial regulation, and currency arrangements do not appear to be relevant in understanding why nations collapse or why people kill each other. However, the linkages between the financial sector and issues of conflict are closer than one might expect. Narrow development—development that fails to reduce poverty and which exacerbates initial inequalities—is an important cause of conflict (but, needless to say, not the only one). Narrow development must be financed—and it is financed in ways that increase poverty and inequality and raise a society's propensity to violent conflict. During conflict, finance (both internal and external) can be decisive in determining who wins, as well as the duration of war. Rebuilding the financial system is important to reconstruction from war, since otherwise private investment is constrained. But ‘post‐conflict’ economies generally have weak regulatory authorities, and the financial system may be flooded with unsound loans, leading to economic problems that can endanger economic recovery and therefore peace. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoconjugation of 3‐azido‐5‐nitrobenzyl‐[18F]fluoride to an oligonucleotide aptamer
Authors: Lange Christopher W. , VanBrocklin Henry F. , Taylor Scott E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPhotoconjugation techniques are well established in biochemistry and molecular biology applications. We report here the first application of photoconjugation to label an oligonucleotide with positron emitting fluorine‐18. ANBF, 3‐azido‐5‐nitrobenzyl fluoride, was tagged with fluorine‐18 in 30–50% yield from the corresponding tosylate. The HPLC purified [18F]ANBF was photochemically conjugated to a hexylamine modified 15‐base, single stranded, DNA aptamer with up to 20% radiolabeling efficiency, based on starting [18F]ANBF. Separation by gel exclusion chromatography and HPLC analysis of the DNA fractions indicated that the benzyl fluoride was covalently bound to the aptamer. The total reaction time from the start of radiosynthesis was 135 min. Based on these results, the feasibility to photolabel oligonucleotide molecules with fluorine‐18 labeled arylazides for PET applications has been established. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remarks on the inner ear of elasmobranchs and its interpretation from skeletal labyrinth morphology
Authors: Maisey John G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe structure and function of the craniate inner ear is reviewed, with 33 apomorphic characters of the membranous labyrinth and associated structures identified in craniates, gnathostomes, and elasmobranchs. Elasmobranchs are capable of low‐frequency semi‐directional phonoreception, even in the absence of any pressure‐to‐displacement transducer such as ear ossicles. The endolymphatic (parietal) fossa, semicircular canals, and crista (macula) neglecta are all adapted toward phonoreception. Some (but not all) of the morphological features associated with phonoreception can be inferred from the elasmobranch skeletal labyrinth. Endocranial spaces such as the skeletal labyrinth also provide suites of morphological characters that may be incorporated into phylogenetic analyses, irrespective of how closely these spaces reflect underlying soft anatomy. The skeletal labyrinths of Squalus and Notorynchus are compared using silicone endocasts and high‐resolution CT‐scanning. The latter procedure offers several advantages over other techniques; it is more informative, nondestructive, preserves relationships of surrounding structures, and it can be applied both to modern and fossil material. J. Morphol. 250:236–264, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional characterization of two anti‐estradiol antibodies as deduced from modelling and site‐directed mutagenesis experiments
Authors: Bettsworth Florence , Monnet Céline , Watelet Bénédicte , Battail‐Poirot Nicole , Gilquin Bernard , Jolivet Michel , Menez André , Arnaud Michel , Ducancel Frédéric 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies are now widely used to measure the concentration of steroid hormones in human serum samples. The great development of molecular engineering techniques over the past 10 years has made possible the improvement of specificity and/or sensitivity of selected antibodies. We have obtained two monoclonal antibodies, 17E12E5 and 10G6D6, using estradiol‐6‐ethyl methoxy carbonyl (EMC)–bovine serum albumin (BSA) as immunogen. To tentatively improve their affinities for natural estradiol, we have initiated their structural and functional studies. For this purpose, we have cloned and sequenced the genes encoding the variable fragments of each antibody. Single chain variable fragments (scFv) were produced into the periplasmic space of E. coli using the pLIP6 expression vector. Mapping of the functional structures of both antibodies was obtained by combination of modelling and mutational analyses together with cross‐reaction studies. The two binding pockets are described and models of estradiol complexed to 17E12E5 and 10G6D6 are proposed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MR‐guided bone biopsy: Preliminary report of a new guiding method
Authors: Ojala Risto , Sequeiros Roberto Blanco , Klemola Rauli , Vahala Erkki , Jyrkinen Lasse , Tervonen Osmo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of a new MR compatible optical tracking guided bone biopsy system.Materials and MethodsWireless optical tracker elements were connected to a bone biopsy set. Biopsies of five different anatomic areas and lesions varying from 9 mm to 40 mm (mean 25 mm) in size, were performed.ResultsWe were able to perform the biopsies in all cases, and the samples allowed for a pathologic diagnosis. The procedure time was limited to less than 40 minutes, and no complications occurred.ConclusionMR‐guided bone biopsy with this new guiding system was a feasible and fast procedure that did not compromise the usability of the bone biopsy set. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2002;15:82–86. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.