bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clot stones in transplant kidneys
Authors: Oo Mon Mon , Proietti Silvia , Gaboardi Franco , Giusti Guido 
Published: January 2024

We describe two cases of stones with unusual radiological characteristics in transplanted kidneys that originated from a blood clot as the nidus for lithogenesis. Both patients presented years after renal transplant, with gross haematuria. CT of the urinary tract showed a stone with a peripheral hyperdense shell (Hounsfield unit, HU >500) and a radiolucent centre (HU <100). Both patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy successfully.Stone analysis showed that the outer shell was calcium oxalate monohydrate and further examination of the stone in the second case confirmed an inner layer of organised clot material. Although the management of these clot stones is similar to that of other types of stones, clinicians should be aware of such a phenomenon and investigate the patients for the possibility of stone formation after haematuria, especially in allograft kidneys.
UEFA Women’s Elite Club Injury Study: a prospective study on 1527 injuries over four consecutive seasons 2018/2019 to 2021/2022 reveals thigh muscle injuries to be most common and ACL injuries most burdensome
Authors: Hallén Anna , Tomás Rita , Ekstrand Jan , Bengtsson Håkan , Van den Steen Elke , Hägglund Martin , Waldén Markus 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveInjuries in women’s football (soccer) have scarcely been investigated, and no study has been conducted in the highest competitive level involving club teams from different countries. Our aim was to investigate the time-loss injury epidemiology and characteristics among women’s elite football players over four seasons.Methods596 players from 15 elite women’s teams in Europe were studied prospectively during the 2018/2019 to 2021/2022 seasons (44 team seasons). Medical staff recorded individual player exposure and time-loss injuries. Injury incidence was calculated as the number of injuries per 1000 playing hours and injury burden as the number of days lost per 1000 hours.Results1527 injuries were recorded in 463 players with an injury incidence of 6.7 (95% CI 6.4 to 7.0) injuries per 1000 hours and a nearly fourfold higher incidence during match play compared with training (18.4, 95% CI 16.9 to 19.9 vs 4.8, 95% CI 4.5 to 5.1; rate ratio 3.8, 95% CI 3.5 to 4.2). Thigh muscle injuries (hamstrings 12%, 188/1527, and quadriceps 11%, 171/1527) were the most frequent injury, while anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury had the highest burden (38.0 days lost per 1000 hours, IQR 29.2–52.1) with median days lost of 292 (IQR 246–334) days. Concussions constituted 3% (47/1527) of all injuries, with more than half of them (55%, 26/47) due to ball-related impact.ConclusionAn elite women’s football team can expect approximately 35 time-loss injuries per season. Thigh muscle injury was the most common injury and ACL injury had the highest injury burden.
Adherence to application technique of inhaled corticosteroid in patients with asthma and COVID-19 improves outcomes
Authors: Tichopád Aleš , Žigmond Jan , Jeseňák Miloš , Solovič Ivan , Breciková Katarína , Rybář Marian , Rožánek Martin , Sedlák Vratislav 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundInhaled corticosteroids have been widely reported as a preventive measure against the development of severe forms of COVID-19 not only in patients with asthma.MethodsIn 654 Czech and Slovak patients with asthma who developed COVID-19, we investigated whether the correct use of inhaler containing corticosteroids was associated with a less severe course of COVID-19 and whether this had an impact on the need for hospitalisation, measurable lung functions and quality of life (QoL).ResultsOf the studied cohort 51.4% had moderate persistent, 29.9% mild persistent and 7.2% severe persistent asthma. We found a significant adverse effect of poor inhaler adherence on COVID-19 severity (p=0.049). We also observed a lower hospitalisation rate in patients adequately taking the inhaler with OR of 0.83. Vital capacity and forced expiratory lung volume deterioration caused by COVID-19 were significantly reversed, by approximately twofold to threefold, in individuals who inhaled correctly.ConclusionHigher quality of inhalation technique of corticosteroids measured by adherence to an inhaled medication application technique (A-AppIT) score had a significant positive effect on reversal of the vital capacity and forced expiratory lung volume in 1 s worsening (p=0.027 and p<0.0001, respectively) due to COVID-19. Scoring higher in the A-AppIT was also associated with significantly improved QoL. All measured variables concordantly and without exception showed a positive improvement in response to better adherence. We suggest that corticosteroids provide protection against the worsening of lungs in patients with COVID-19 and that correct and easily assessable adherence to corticosteroids with appropriate inhalation technique play an important role in preventing severe form of COVID-19.
Histone methyltransferase Suv39h1 regulates hepatic stellate cell activation and is targetable in liver fibrosis
Authors: Kong Ming , Zhou Junjing , Kang Aoqi , Kuai Yameng , Xu Huihui , Li Min , Miao Xiulian , Guo Yan , Fan Zhiwen , Xu Yong , Li Zilong 
Published: January 2024

Objective
Liver fibrosis is a prelude to a host of end-stage liver diseases. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), switching from a quiescent state to myofibroblasts, are the major source for excessive production of extracellular matrix proteins. In the present study, we investigated the role of Suv39h1, a lysine methyltransferase, in HSC-myofibroblast transition and the implication in liver fibrosis.

Design

HSC-specific or myofibroblast-specific Suv39h1 deletion was achieved by crossbreeding the
Suv39h1
f/f
mice to the
Lrat
-Cre mice or the
Postn
-Cre
ERT2
mice. Liver fibrosis was induced by CCl
4
injection or bile duct ligation.

Results
We report that Suv39h1 expression was universally upregulated during HSC-myofibroblast transition in different cell and animal models of liver fibrosis and in human cirrhotic liver tissues. Consistently, Suv39h1 knockdown blocked HSC-myofibroblast transition in vitro. HSC-specific or myofibroblast-specific deletion of Suv39h1 ameliorated liver fibrosis in mice. More importantly, Suv39h1 inhibition by a small-molecule compound chaetocin dampened HSC-myofibroblast transition in cell culture and mitigated liver fibrosis in mice. Mechanistically, Suv39h1 bound to the promoter of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and repressed HMOX1 transcription. HMOX1 depletion blunted the effects of Suv39h1 inhibition on HSC-myofibroblast transition in vitro and liver fibrosis in vivo. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that HMOX1 might contribute to HSC-myofibroblast transition by modulating retinol homeostasis. Finally, myofibroblast-specific HMOX1 overexpression attenuated liver fibrosis in both a preventive scheme and a therapeutic scheme.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrate a previously unrecognised role for Suv39h1 in liver fibrosis and offer proof-of-concept of its targetability in the intervention of cirrhosis.
Intimate partner violence during pregnancy against adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Adjimi Nyemgah Caroline , Ranganathan Meghna , Stöckl Heidi 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundAdolescent pregnancy and intimate partner violence (IPV) are major public health issues that are linked to poor health outcomes particularly during pregnancy. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), previous studies on IPV during pregnancy have primarily focused on adults. This review examines the available evidence on adolescents’ experience of IPV during pregnancy in SSA.DesignSystematic review.MethodsWe searched multiple databases for articles that met our inclusion criteria. Included studies investigated IPV during pregnancy, including prevalence, risk factors and health outcomes among ever-pregnant adolescents aged 10–19 years old or younger in SSA. Studies were peer-reviewed studies from SSA, quantitative and/or qualitative; and published in English regardless of the year of publication.ResultsNine studies out of 570 abstracts screened, published between 2007 and 2020, met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of IPV during pregnancy among adolescents in SSA ranged from 8.3% to 41%. Mental health symptoms, particularly depression, and anxiety, were associated with adolescent IPV during pregnancy and qualitatively linked to poor coping strategies when dealing with IPV.ConclusionThis review found evidence of a linkage between pregnancy and IPV during pregnancy among adolescents. Given the long-term negative effects of IPV during pregnancy on adolescents and children, this conclusion points to the critical need for developing interventions to improve IPV detection during pregnancy in SSA among adolescents to interrupt its continuation into adulthood.
Multisite clinical cross-validation and variant interpretation of a next generation sequencing panel for lymphoid cancer prognostication
Authors: Sabatini Peter J.B. , Bridgers Josh , Huang Shujun , Downs Gregory , Zhang Tong , Sheen Clare , Park Nicole , Kridel Robert , Marra Marco A , Steidl Christian , Scott David W , Karsan Aly 
Published: January 2024

AimsGenomic sequencing of lymphomas is under-represented in routine clinical testing despite having prognostic and predictive value. Clinical implementation is challenging due to a lack of consensus on reportable targets and a paucity of reference samples. We organised a cross-validation study of a lymphoma-tailored next-generation sequencing panel between two College of American Pathologists (CAP)-accredited clinical laboratories to mitigate these challenges.MethodsA consensus for the genomic targets was discussed between the two institutes based on recurrence in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and T-cell lymphomas. Using the same genomic targets, each laboratory ordered libraries independently and a cross-validation study was designed to exchange samples (8 cell lines and 22 clinical samples) and their FASTQ files.ResultsThe sensitivity of the panel when comparing different library preparation and bioinformatic workflows was between 97% and 99% and specificity was 100% when a 5% limit of detection cut-off was applied. To evaluate how the current standards for variant classification of tumours apply to lymphomas, the Association for Molecular Pathology/American Society of Clinical Oncology/CAP and OncoKB classification systems were applied to the panel. The majority of variants were assigned a possibly actionable class or likely pathogenic due to more limited evidence in the literature.ConclusionsThe cross-validation study highlights the benefits of sample and data exchange for clinical validation and provided a framework for reporting the findings in lymphoid malignancies.
Evaluating bias with loss to follow-up in a community-based cohort: empirical investigation from the CARRS Study
Authors: Kondal Dimple , Awasthi Ashish , Patel Shivani Anil , Chang Howard H , Ali Mohammed K , Deepa Mohan , Mohan Sailesh , Mohan Viswanathan , Narayan K M Venkat , Tandon Nikhil , Prabhakaran Dorairaj 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundRetention of participants is a challenge in community-based longitudinal cohort studies. We aim to evaluate the factors associated with loss to follow-up and estimate attrition bias.MethodsData are from an ongoing cohort study, Center for cArdiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) in India (Delhi and Chennai). Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify sociodemographic factors associated with partial (at least one follow-up) or no follow-up (loss to follow-up). We also examined the impact of participant attrition on the magnitude of observed associations using relative ORs (RORs) of hypertension and diabetes (prevalent cases) with baseline sociodemographic factors.ResultsThere were 12 270 CARRS cohort members enrolled in Chennai and Delhi at baseline in 2010, and subsequently six follow-ups were conducted between 2011 and 2022. The median follow-up time was 9.5 years (IQR: 9.3–9.8) and 1048 deaths occurred. Approximately 3.1% of participants had no follow-up after the baseline visit. Younger (relative risk ratio (RRR): 1.14; 1.04 to 1.24), unmarried participants (RRR: 1.75; 1.45 to 2.11) and those with low household assets (RRR: 1.63; 1.44 to 1.85) had higher odds of being lost to follow-up. The RORs of sociodemographic factors with diabetes and hypertension did not statistically differ between baseline and sixth follow-up, suggesting minimal potential for bias in inference at follow-up.ConclusionIn this representative cohort of urban Indians, we found low attrition and minimal bias due to the loss to follow-up. Our cohort’s inconsistent participation bias shows our retention strategies like open communication, providing health profiles, etc have potential benefits.
Identifying employee, workplace and population characteristics associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in the workplace: a population-based study
Authors: Overton Christopher E , Abbey Rachel , Baird Tarrion , Christie Rachel , Daniel Owen , Day Julie , Gittins Matthew , Jones Owen , Paton Robert , Tang Maria , Ward Tom , Wilkinson Jack , Woodrow-Hill Camilla , Aldridge Timothy , Chen Yiqun 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesTo identify risk factors that contribute to outbreaks of COVID-19 in the workplace and quantify their effect on outbreak risk.MethodsWe identified outbreaks of COVID-19 cases in the workplace and investigated the characteristics of the individuals, the workplaces, the areas they work and the mode of commute to work, through data linkages based on Middle Layer Super Output Areas in England between 20 June 2021 and 20 February 2022. We estimated population-level associations between potential risk factors and workplace outbreaks, adjusting for plausible confounders identified using a directed acyclic graph.ResultsFor most industries, increased physical proximity in the workplace was associated with increased risk of COVID-19 outbreaks, while increased vaccination was associated with reduced risk. Employee demographic risk factors varied across industry, but for the majority of industries, a higher proportion of black/African/Caribbean ethnicities and living in deprived areas, was associated with increased outbreak risk. A higher proportion of employees in the 60–64 age group was associated with reduced outbreak risk. There were significant associations between gender, work commute modes and staff contract type with outbreak risk, but these were highly variable across industries.ConclusionsThis study has used novel national data linkages to identify potential risk factors of workplace COVID-19 outbreaks, including possible protective effects of vaccination and increased physical distance at work. The same methodological approach can be applied to wider occupational and environmental health research.
Messages about climate, pollution and social justice harms of tobacco as motivators to quit: an untapped communication opportunity?
Authors: Tabbakh Tamara , Mitsopoulos Eve , Nuss Tegan , Durkin Sarah J 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundCampaigns highlighting the health harms of smoking have demonstrated success in motivating people who smoke to quit. Tobacco production and use also exert a toll on the environment, sustainable development and human rights. However, messages highlighting these harms of tobacco have been relatively unexplored as a cessation motivation strategy. In this study, we examined the extent to which a range of messages about climate, pollution and social justice harms of tobacco are perceived as motivating among people who smoke, overall and by sociodemographics.Data and methodsAustralian adults who smoke (n=395) aged 18–59 years reported the ‘extent to which each of the following motivated them to quit smoking’ and were then presented with messages aboutclimate(four items),pollution(three items) andsocial justice(three items) harms of tobacco, which they rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 ‘Not at all’ to 5 ‘Very much so’ in this online cross-sectional survey. Differences by age, education, gender, socioeconomic status (SES) and geographical region were examined using prevalence ratios from generalised linear models with log-link (Poisson regression).ResultsFor each of the 10 messages, between one-half and two-thirds of the overall sample perceived them as motivating (49–65%), particularly messages highlighting harms to human or animal life and welfare (all ≥60%). Across all message themes, younger adults (18–35 years) and those who completed tertiary education were more likely to perceive some messages as motivating. Perceived motivation did not vary significantly by gender, SES or geographical region.ConclusionFindings suggest that value-based messaging featuring the environmental and social justice footprint of tobacco is perceived as motivating for smoking cessation, especially among younger people and those with higher education who may be more engaged with these issues. Inclusion of such messages as part of a comprehensive antitobacco communication strategy may provide an untapped opportunity by potentially providing people who smoke with additional compelling reasons to quit.
Diagnosis of cystic lung diseases: a position statement from the UK Cystic Lung Disease Rare Disease Collaborative Network
Authors: Johnson Simon R , Shaw Dominick E , Avoseh Michael , Soomro Irshad , Pointon Kate S , Kokosi Maria , Nicholson Andrew G , Desai Sujal R , George Peter M 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundRare cystic lung diseases are increasingly recognised due the wider application of CT scanning making cystic lung disease management a growing part of respiratory care. Cystic lung diseases tend to have extrapulmonary features that can both be diagnostic but also require surveillance and treatment in their own right. As some of these diseases now have specific treatments, making a precise diagnosis is crucial. While Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, lymphoid interstitial pneumonia and lymphangioleiomyomatosis are becoming relatively well-known diseases to respiratory physicians, a targeted and thorough workup improves diagnostic accuracy and may suggest other ultrarare diseases such as light chain deposition disease, cystic pulmonary amyloidosis, low-grade metastatic neoplasms or infections. In many cases, diagnostic information is overlooked leaving uncertainty over the disease course and treatments.AimsThis position statement from the Rare Disease Collaborative Network for cystic lung diseases will review how clinical, radiological and physiological features can be used to differentiate between these diseases.NarrativeWe highlight that in many cases a multidisciplinary diagnosis can be made without the need for lung biopsy and discuss where tissue sampling is necessary when non-invasive methods leave diagnostic doubt. We suggest an initial workup focusing on points in the history which identify key disease features, underlying systemic and familial diseases and a clinical examination to search for connective tissue disease and features of genetic causes of lung cysts. All patients should have a CT of the thorax and abdomen to characterise the pattern and burden of lung cysts and extrapulmonary features and also spirometry, gas transfer and a 6 min walk test. Discussion with a rare cystic lung disease centre is suggested before a surgical biopsy is undertaken.ConclusionsWe suggest that this focused workup should be performed in all people with multiple lung cysts and would streamline referral pathways, help guide early treatment, management decisions, improve patient experience and reduce overall care costs. It could also potentially catalyse a national research database to describe these less well-understood and unidentified diseases, categorise disease phenotypes and outcomes, potentially leading to better prognostic data and generating a stronger platform to understand specific disease biology.
Tractability of approximation by general shallow networks
Authors: Mhaskar Hrushikesh N. , Mao Tong 
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we present a sharper version of the results in the paper [H. N. Mhaskar, Dimension independent bounds for general shallow networks, Neural Netw. 123 (2020) 142–152]. Let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be compact metric spaces. We consider approximation of functions of the form [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], by [Formula: see text]-networks of the form [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. Defining the dimensions of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in terms of covering numbers, we obtain dimension independent bounds on the degree of approximation in terms of [Formula: see text], where also the constants involved are all dependent at most polynomially on the dimensions. Applications include approximation by power rectified linear unit networks, zonal function networks, certain radial basis function networks as well as the important problem of function extension to higher-dimensional spaces.
Impact of urban construction on pedestrian level wind environment in complex building group
Authors: Yu Jianhan , Tang Jia , Li Mingshui 
Published: January 2024

The impact of urban construction on pedestrian level wind (PLW) has been extensively studied, which has mainly focused on ideal structures rather than real multiplex building layouts. Therefore, a series of wind tunnel tests were conducted on a real building complex to investigate the impacts of a newly built nearby high-rise building, added floors, passage width and a novelty zigzag building shape on the PLW. The findings showed that in converging layouts, PLW velocity can be increased up to 2.75 times by a nearby 230 m high-rise building, and it is reduced by 30% with a 30 m passage compared to a 10 m passage. Adding 38 m to a 65 m high building would increase PLW velocity by 1.95 times when compared to an isolated building and 2.4 times when compared to a building surrounded by others. Additionally, a modest impact on PLW velocity was observed with zigzag building shapes. This study highlights the PLW velocity that can be increased to a large extent with newly built high-rise buildings and adding floors, while increasing the passage width has the opposite effect. This study also offers insights into urban planning and building design to enhance wind comfort.
Environmental regulation effect study of the environmental protection tax law during strict epidemic control: based on heavy pollution enterprises sample data test
Authors: Zong-hang Wang , Jian-ya Zhou , Ming-jun Chen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe implementation of the Environmental Protection Tax Law was seriously affected by strict pandemic control. The Environmental Protection Tax Law imposed environmental taxes on enterprises based on measuring their pollution emissions to restrain their bad environmental behaviour and stimulate their green technological innovation ability. However, during the pandemic control period, the green technological innovation ability of enterprises was not developed. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the environmental regulation effect of the environmental protection tax. This study is based on sample data covering heavily polluting enterprises in China collected from December 20, 2022, to January 7, 2023. It finds that the follow cost effect existed, but the value compensation effect obviously declined, which leading to a decline in the green technological innovation ability of heavily polluting enterprises. The study shows that although strict pandemic control maintained the environmental protection function of the environmental protection tax, it weakened the economic driving function, which will not only damage the long-term economic development potential but also make the environmental protection function unsustainable.
Graphical Abstract