bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled and stereospecific polymerization of rac‐lactide with a single‐site ethyl aluminum and alcohol initiating system
Authors: Tang Zhaohui , Yang Yongkun , Pang Xuan , Hu Junli , Chen Xuesi , Hu Ninghai , Jing Xiabin 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA single‐site ethyl aluminum complex, [2,2‐ diethyl‐1,3‐propylenebis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐salicylideneiminato)] ethyl aluminum (2), with a geminal diethyl substitutent on the diamino bridge was synthesized by the reaction of AlEt3 with 1 equiv of N,N′‐(2,2‐diethyl‐1,3‐propylene)bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylideneimine). X‐ray diffraction showed that complex 2 contained a five‐coordinate aluminum atom with a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry in the solid state. 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR spectra indicated that the two conformational enantiomers of 2 tautomerized quickly on the NMR timescale in solution. In the presence of isopropyl alcohol, the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of rac‐lactide with complex 2 produced a crystalline stereoblock polylactide (PLA). The stereoblocks contained an average of 12 units (L̄ = 12) of enantiomerically pure lactic acid. There was a linear relationship between the monomer conversion and number‐average molecular weights of the polymer. An induction period was observed for the polymerization. The induction period increased with decreasing concentration of catalyst 2 and isopropyl alcohol. In the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), a PLA/PEG/PLA stereocomplex was prepared directly by the ROP of rac‐lactide with complex 2, which was confirmed by NMR, gel permeation chromatography, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 102–108, 2005
Synthesis and application of an anionic water‐soluble copolymer as a dispersant for barium titanate slurries
Authors: Chen Lung‐Pin , Wu Hsin‐Hsuan , Hsu Kung‐Chung 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAn anionic water‐soluble copolymer, poly(acrylamide/4‐carboxylamino‐4‐oxo‐2‐butenate) (PAAM/COB), was synthesized and used as a dispersion agent for BaTiO3 particles. PAAM/COB was prepared from acrylamide and 4‐carboxylamino‐4‐oxo‐2‐butenate in basic conditions through free‐radical polymerization. The structure of this copolymer was verified by IR and 1H‐NMR spectra. We examined the dispersion effects of PAAM/COB by measuring the viscosity and sedimentation of BaTiO3 suspensions and by analyzing the particle sizes. The results indicate that this copolymer was indeed effective in dispersing the particles, for the resulting suspensions were less viscous, more stabilized, and contained powder with smaller particle sizes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 109–115, 2005
Maternal diabetes and congenital anomalies in South Australia 1986–2000: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Sharpe Phillipa B. , Chan Annabelle , Haan Eric A. , Hiller Janet E. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study examined the risk of congenital anomalies in infants born in South Australia to women with maternal diabetes in a population‐based cohort study of births over a 15‐year period, 1986–2000. Differences in the reporting, recording, and diagnosis of preexisting diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, and impaired glucose tolerance make comparisons between studies difficult. In order to compare published research, details of research methods and analytic approaches are required to understand the potential confounding, bias, and effect modification that may occur.METHODSData on congenital anomalies from the South Australian Birth Defects Register were linked to birth data from the Pregnancy Outcome Statistics Unit of the South Australian Department of Health. This enabled information on congenital anomalies to be linked to pregnancy details, including diabetes status.RESULTSBetween 1986 and 2000, the prevalence of congenital anomalies in the infants of mothers with preexisting diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, or impaired glucose tolerance was significantly higher than in the total population; relative risk = 2.01 (1.66–2.43) and 1.19 (1.08–1.31), respectively. This increased prevalence was not modified by adjustments for maternal age, ethnicity, or other demographic factors, nor did the rate change over the 15 years of the study period.CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of congenital anomalies was found to be significantly higher in the infants of mothers with maternal diabetes. Larger population‐based studies are needed to determine which anomalies are involved and how their occurrence can be reduced. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unusual sugar nucleotide recognition elements of mesophilic vs. thermophilic glycogen synthases
Authors: Zea Corbin J. , Pohl Nicola L. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe glycogen synthase found in Pyrococcus furiosus is a hyperthermophilic biocatalyst that transfers the glucose portion of nucleotide–diphosphoglucose onto a growing carbohydrate biopolymer chain at 80°C. In contrast to the mesophilic rabbit muscle glycogen synthase, the biocatalyst from P. furiosus possesses unusually broad nucleotide tolerance. The enzyme accepts all four common glucose‐containing nucleotide–diphosphosugars: ADP–glucose, GDP–glucose, dTDP–glucose, and UDP–glucose. Using an electrospray ionization–mass spectroscopy (ESI‐MS) assay, we determined the KM and Vmax for GDP–glucose to be 3.9 ± 0.6 mM and 0.243 ± 0.009 mM/min, and for dTDP–glucose to be 4.0 ± 0.5 mM and 0.216 ± 0.008 mM/min. A related nucleotide sugar, UDP–galactose, was not a reactive substrate, but was instead a competitive inhibitor with a Ki of 17 ± 2 mM. The glycogen synthase from P. furiosus was shown not to have phosphorylase activity. The ΔΔG of substrate binding was compared between the mesophilic rabbit muscle and the hyperthermophilic P. furiosus glycogen synthase to dissect any differences in sugar nucleotide recognition strategies at elevated temperatures. Both biocatalysts were shown to gain most of their substrate affinity through electrostatic interactions between the enzyme and the α‐phosphate. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 79: 106–113, 2005This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Synthesis and Properties of [NiCp*(2,5‐tBu2PC4H2)], a 20‐Valence‐Electron Phosphanickelocene
Authors: Burney Claire , Carmichael Duncan , Forissier Kareen , Green Jennifer C. , Mathey François , Ricard Louis 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe reaction of the bulky phospholide salt Li(2,5‐ tBu2PC4H2)⋅2 THF (1; THF=tetrahydrofuran) with [NiCp*(acac)] (HCp*=pentamethylcyclopentadiene, Hacac=acetylacetone) gives the green air‐sensitive phosphanickelocene [NiCp*(2,5‐tBu2PC4H2)] (2) in yields of about 85 %. An X‐ray structural determination of 2 shows long Niring bonds and “delocalised” ring PC and CC bonds characteristic of a classical 20‐valence‐electron (ve) nickelocene. The electronic structure of 2 has been clarified through a combined Amsterdam density functional (ADF) and photoelectron spectroscopic study, which indicates that the higher lying semi‐occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) (−5.82 eV) has a′ symmetry and that the phosphorus “lone pair” is energetically low‐lying (−8.15 eV). Oxidation of phosphanickelocene 2 by AgBF4 occurs quantitatively to give the corresponding air‐sensitive orange phosphanickelocenium salt [NiCp*(2,5‐tBu2PC4H2)][BF4] (3). This complex has also been characterised by an X‐ray crystallographic study, which reveals long NiCα and short CαCβ bonds in the phospholyl ligand indicative of a SOMO having a′′ symmetry. PMe3 reacts with 2 at room temperature to provoke a ring‐slip reaction that gives the 18ve complex [NiCp*η1‐(2,5‐tBu2PC4H2)(PMe3)] (4), but shows no reaction with the phosphanickelocenium salt 3 under the same conditions.
Seven‐Minute Synthesis of Pure Cs‐C60Cl6 from [60]Fullerene and Iodine Monochloride: First IR, Raman, and Mass Spectra of 99 mol % C60Cl6
Authors: Kuvychko Igor V. , Streletskii Alexey V. , Popov Alexey A. , Kotsiris Sotirios G. , Drewello Thomas , Strauss Steven H. , Boltalina Olga V. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThree previously reported procedures for the synthesis of pure Cs‐C60Cl6 from C60 and ICl dissolved in benzene or 1,2‐dichlorobenzene were shown to actually yield complex mixtures of products that contain, at best, 54–80 % Cs‐C60Cl6 based on HPLC integrated intensities. MALDI mass spectrometry was used for the first time to identify other components of the reaction mixtures. An improved synthetic procedure was developed for the synthesis of about 150 mg batches of chlorofullerenes containing 90 % Cs‐C60Cl6 based on HPLC intensities. The optimum reaction time was decreased from several days to seven minutes. Small amounts of the product were purified by HPLC (toluene eluent) to 99 % purity. The pure compound Cs‐C60Cl6 is stable for at least three months as a solvent‐free powder at 25 °C. The Raman, far‐IR, and MALDI mass spectra of pure Cs‐C60Cl6 are reported for the first time. The Raman and far‐IR spectra, the first reported for any C60Cln chlorofullerene, were used to carry out a vibrational analysis of Cs‐C60Cl6 at the DFT level of theory.
C2 Isomers of C84F40 and C84F44 Are Cuboid and Contain Benzenoid and Naphthalenoid Aromatic Patches
Authors: Darwish Adam D. , Martsinovich Natalia , Street Joan M. , Taylor Roger 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA 1:1 mixture of C84F40 and C84F44, both derived from the D2(IV) isomer, has been isolated from the fluorination of [84]fullerene with either MnF3 or CoF3 at 500 °C. The 1D and 2D COSY 19F NMR spectra showed that each derivative is cuboid, having benzenoid rings at four of the six octahedral sites; the two remaining sites have naphthalenoid rings for C84F40, and two slightly offset benzenoid rings for C84F44. The benzenoid rings each have six adjacent sp3‐hybridised carbon atoms whilst the naphthalenoid moieties have eight, thus facilitating full delocalisation. In terms of the number and size of aromatic patches, C84F44 is the most aromatic fullerene derivative yet isolated.
Dynamic Structural Change of the Self‐Assembled Lanthanum Complex Induced by Lithium Triflate for Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol–Tishchenko Reaction
Authors: Horiuchi Yoshihiro , Gnanadesikan Vijay , Ohshima Takashi , Masu Hyuma , Katagiri Kosuke , Sei Yoshihisa , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe development of a direct catalytic asymmetric aldol–Tishchenko reaction and the nature of its catalyst are described. An aldol–Tishchenko reaction of various propiophenone derivatives with aromatic aldehydes was promoted by [LaLi3(binol)3] (LLB), and reactivity and enantioselectivity were dramatically enhanced by the addition of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiOTf). First, we observed a dynamic structural change of LLB by the addition of LiOTf using 13C NMR spectroscopy, electronspray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), and cold‐spray ionization mass spectrometry (CSI‐MS). X‐ray crystallography revealed that the structure of the newly generated self‐assembled complex was a binuclear [La2Li4(binaphthoxide)5] complex 6. A reverse structural change of complex 6 to LLB by the addition of one equivalent of Li2(binol) was also confirmed by ESI‐MS and experimental results. The drastic concentration effects on the direct catalytic asymmetric aldol–Tishchenko reaction suggested that the addition of LiOTf to LLB generated an active oligomeric catalyst species.
Early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) is deleted in estrogen receptor‐negative human breast carcinoma
Authors: Ronski Karyn , Sanders Melinda , Burleson Joseph A. , Moyo Victor , Benn Peter , Fang Min 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients with estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive and ER‐negative breast carcinomas differ in terms of disease progression, treatment regimens, and prognosis. The mechanism underlying the biologic differences of the two groups is understood poorly. Array comparative genome hybridization (CGH) on breast carcinoma subtypes demonstrated a consistent association between loss in regions of chromosome 5q and ER‐negative tumors. It was shown previously that early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) on 5q acts like a tumor‐suppressor gene, with its expression repressed in breast carcinomas.METHODSTo test the hypothesis that EGR1 is deleted differentially in ER‐negative versus ER‐positive breast carcinomas, fluorescence in situ hybridization was employed in this study to determine the EGR1 deletion status in 50 breast carcinoma specimens. Deletion status was measured by the signal ratio of EGR1/chromosome 5. Linear regression was used to assess the results.RESULTSThe mean EGR1/chromosome 5 ratio for the ER‐negative group was significantly lower compared with the same ratio for the ER‐positive group (P < 0.001). Although grade alone was not significant for predicting the ratio, the interaction between ER status and grade was significant (P < 0.01): For ER‐negative specimens, the higher the grade, the lower the EGR1/chromosome 5 ratio.CONCLUSIONSThe EGR1 gene appeared to be deleted in ER‐negative human breast carcinomas. Egr‐1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of ER‐negative breast carcinomas versus ER‐positive breast carcinomas. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Blastic natural killer cell lymphoma/leukemia (CD56‐positive blastic tumor)
Authors: Suzuki Ritsuro , Nakamura Shigeo , Suzumiya Junji , Ichimura Koichi , Ichikawa Masako , Ogata Kiyoyuki , Kura Yoshimasa , Aikawa Keiko , Teshima Hirofumi , Sako Masahiro , Kojima Hiroshi , Nishio Mitsufumi , Yoshino Tadashi , Sugimori Hiroki , Kawa Keisei , Oshimi Kazuo 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlastic natural killer (NK) cell lymphoma/leukemia (BNKL) is an immature CD56‐positive neoplasm, which was recognized recently and characterized by systemic proliferation of tumor cells including skin, lymph node, and bone marrow.METHODSThe current study analyzed 47 patients with BNKL (27 had leukemias and 20 had lymphomas). Patient data were collected for the survey of the NK‐Cell Tumor Study Group.RESULTSThere were 33 males and 14 females, with a median age of 53 years (range, 3 months to 89 years). There were few clinicopathologic differences between the leukemia and lymphoma types. Cutaneous involvement was noted at diagnosis in 28 patients, who presented a tendency for older age of onset (median: 56 vs. 46 years, P = 0.11) than patients with noncutaneous BNKL. Cutaneous BNKL showed less frequent mediastinal involvement (4% vs. 53%, P = 0.0002) and less severe thrombocytopenia (P =0 .03). Phenotypic characteristics were also different, with cutaneous BNKL favoring CD4 and HLA‐DR expression, and noncutaneous BNKL favoring CD16 and CD34 expression. Both groups responded well to chemotherapy for lymphoid malignancies, but disease recurrence was frequent. The prognosis of patients with noncutaneous BNKL was significantly poorer than that of patients with cutaneous BNKL (median survival: 15 vs. 25 months, P = 0.02). Multivariate analysis confirmed that cutaneous involvement was a significant and independent prognostic factor for BNKL, as were age of onset and leukocyte count.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggested that BNKL is a heterogeneous disease and contains at least two subtypes. Although further investigations are needed to settle a marker for distinction, the presence of cutaneous involvement is a useful prognostic factor. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Modeling of the Adsorption of Organic Compounds on Polymeric Nanofiltration Membranes in Solutions Containing Two Compounds
Authors: Braeken Leen , Boussu Katleen , Van der Bruggen Bart , Vandecasteele Carlo 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe adsorption of organic compounds in aqueous solution on polymeric nanofiltration membranes is studied; this process is one of the most important fouling mechanisms influencing the flux and retention behavior of nanofiltration membranes. It is shown that the adsorption of dissolved organic compounds on polymeric nanofiltration membranes is comparable to that on activated carbon. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms are used to describe the relation between the adsorbed mass on the membrane and the equilibrium concentration of the organic compound in a single‐compound solution. Based on these results, three models for the adsorption of solutions containing several compounds [i.e., the simple competitive adsorption model (SCAM), the model of Jain–Snoeyinck, and the model of Butler–Ockrent] were used to predict the adsorption behavior of an organic compound in an aqueous solution containing two compounds. The results of the three models were compared to experimental observations. It is shown that the SCAM allows a good prediction of the adsorption behavior.
Modeling of X‐ray‐Induced Refractive Index Changes in Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Andreas Birk , Breunig Ingo , Buse Karsten 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe refractive index of bulk poly(methyl methacrylate) samples is modified by X‐ray exposure. The intensity of the radiation is distributed over an energy range of 1 to 20 keV with a maximum at 3 keV. For an absorbed dose of about 1 kJ cm−3, an increase of the refractive index of up to 3×10−4 is observed. However, for much lower doses of about 10 J cm−3 a decrease of 4×10−4 appears. These refractive index changes, as well as the simultaneously arising radiation‐induced thickness changes, are detected interferometrically. Based on these observations, on dose calculations, and on literature data, a model is proposed which describes quantitatively the observed refractive index changes. The refractive index increase is caused by a radiation‐induced chemical alteration of the polymer composition, while the refractive index decrease is correlated with a decrease of mass density.
Utility of CD138 (syndecan‐1) in distinguishing carcinomas from mesotheliomas
Authors: Saqi Anjali , Yun Shine S. , Yu Gordon H. , Alexis Diane , Taub Robert N. , Powell Charles A. , Borczuk Alain C. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractCD138 (Syndecan‐1) is a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan present on the surface of plasma cells and epithelial cells. CD138 is also expressed in some hematopoietic neoplasms and has recently been observed in carcinomas. We characterized CD138 expression in cell‐block preparations of fluids/effusions, focusing on the distinction between carcinoma and mesothelioma. One hundred formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded cell‐block sections of fluids/effusions consisting of 58 metastatic carcinomas, 24 mesotheliomas, 11 reactive mesothelial cell proliferations, 3 lymphomas, 3 metastatic sarcomas, and 1 metastatic melanoma were stained with a monoclonal antibody against CD138. CD138 staining was observed in 32/58 (55%) metastatic carcinomas and 2/24 (8%) mesotheliomas; all reactive mesothelial cells, lymphomas, sarcomas, and melanoma were negative. CD138 is a highly specific marker in the differential diagnosis of carcinoma vs. mesothelioma. Distinct membranous staining without background staining of most inflammatory cells makes CD138 an ideal marker for cell‐block preparations of fluids/effusions. It should be an integral component of the epithelial‐mesothelial antibody panel. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:65–70. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of pancreatic somatostatinoma: The importance of immunohistochemistry for the cytologic diagnosis of pancreatic endocrine neoplasms
Authors: Stelow Edward B. , Woon Carolyn , Pambuccian Stefan E. , Thrall Michael , Stanley Michael W. , Lai Rebecca , Mallery Shawn , Gulbahce H. Evin 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPancreatic somatostatinoma is a rare pancreatic endocrine neoplasm representing as little as 1% of pancreatic endocrine neoplasms (PENs). The histologic features of this tumor are like those of other PENs, except that it commonly forms acinar structures and often has cells with abundant, granular cytoplasm. We have recently encountered two of these neoplasms sampled by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). We discuss the cytologic and immunohistochemical findings of these two cases and the cytologic similarities these neoplasms share with pancreatic acinar‐cell carcinoma (PACC). We review the cytologic features of PEN and PACC and discuss the importance of cell block immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasia sampled by EUS‐guided FNA. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:100–105. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pitfalls and infrequent findings in fine‐needle aspiration of the prostate gland
Authors: Pérez‐Guillermo Miguel , Acosta‐Ortega Jesús , García‐Solano José 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBased on the experience accumulated over two decades and in more than 7,000 transrectal fine‐needle aspirations (FNAs) of the prostate gland, several benign and malignant unusual cytologic findings are described. Infrequent benign cytologic findings and possible pitfalls are atrophic prostatic epithelium, squamous metaplasia, transitional cells, granulomatous prostatitis, seminal vesicle epithelium, ganglion cells, lubricant artifacts, and treatment effects. Infrequent variants of carcinoma are foamy‐cell carcinoma, prostatic duct adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, transitional‐cell carcinoma, small‐cell carcinoma, squamous‐cell carcinoma of the prostate, metastatic solid tumor within the prostate, and mesenchymal tumors. Cytopathologists must be able to diagnose these variants of prostate adenocarcinoma because on most occasions the variants imply a worse clinical prognosis. Appropriate training is essential to achieve success in this field of cytopathology. FNA of the prostate provides in a matter of minutes useful information concerning clinical management, prognosis, and treatment of patients. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:126–137. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of immunomarkers for the identification of adrenocortical cells in cytology specimens
Authors: Jalali Mehri , Krishnamurthy Savitri 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe studied the immunoreactivity of three antibodies––A103, calretinin, and inhibin alpha in destained Papanicolaou (Pap) smears and cell‐blocks of 40 fine‐needle aspiration biopsy cases of adrenocortical lesions (35 cases of hyperplasia/adenoma and 5 cases of carcinoma). Five cases of carcinoma (4) and melanoma (1) metastases to the adrenal gland and five cases of renal‐cell carcinoma were also included for comparison. In benign adrenocortical lesions, A103 staining was noted in 82% of the destained Pap smears and in 92% of cell‐blocks. In malignant adrenocortical lesions, A103 staining was noted in 50% of the destained Pap smears and in 80% of cell‐blocks. In comparison, calretinin staining was noted in 6% and 50% of destained smears and in 78% and 60% of the cell‐blocks of benign and malignant adrenocortical lesions. Inhibin alpha was not positive in any of the smears and showed the lowest level of positivity in the cell‐block sections, namely in 11% of the benign lesions and 25% of the malignant lesions. The sensitivity of A103 was 90% on cell‐blocks and 74% on smears, that of calretinin 75% on cell‐blocks and 11% on smears, and that of inhibin alpha, 13% on cell‐blocks alone. The specificity of A103 was lower than the other two makers, 90% vs. 100% because of positivity in metastatic melanoma in the adrenal gland.Our data show A103 to be the immunomarker with the highest sensitivity for identifying cells of adrenocortical origin in destained Pap's smears and cell‐block sections with, however, a lower specificity when compared with calretinin and inhibin alpha. Calretinin is comparable in sensitivity with A103 on cell‐block sections alone and not on smears. The results of this study suggest that if metastatic melanoma in adrenal gland is not a consideration then A103 is the marker of choice for identifying cells of adrenocortical origin in the limited material available for diagnostic purposes in cytology specimens. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:78–82. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.