bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Questing for High‐Performance Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Importance of Chemical Complexity, Active Phase, and Surface‐Adsorbed Species
Authors: Li Weiwei , Zhang Hengzhong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRational design of advanced electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of vital importance for the development of sustainable energy. Entropy engineering is emerging as a promising approach for the design of efficient OER electrocatalysts. However, other multi‐anion/cation electrocatalysts with compositional complexity, particularly the medium‐entropy and other non‐equimolar cation/anion complex electrocatalysts, have not received noteworthy attention. In this perspective, we review and highlight the importance of compositionally complex catalysts and propose a concept of chemical complexity to correlate the OER catalytic activity with the contributions from the pairwise cation‐anion interactions. Then, we offer a new view on the active catalytic sites being the hydroxylated reacting interface in an alkaline solution. Further, we argue that the common discrepancies between computationally predicted OER activities and experimental results stem from lack of considerations of surface‐adsorbed species in modeling the active catalytic phases or sites. This perspective would facilitate achieving a renewed and profound understanding of the OER mechanism and promote efficient design of OER electrocatalysts for renewable energy conversion and storage.
Syntheses and Characterizations of Naphtho‐rhenafuran Complexes with S0 and T0 States
Authors: Zhan Liyan , Wang Yarong , Sun Caobo , Tang Junping , Zhao Yue , Zhou Yan , Li Yang , Yu Limei , Bai Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReactions of o‐alkyl naphthol compounds with ReCl3(PMePh2)3 produced naphtho‐rhenafuran complexes, which adapted different ground states (singlet S0 and triplet T0). These polycyclic structures have been characterized experimentally and theoretically. Their electronic behaviors have been studied by UV‐Vis absorption and DFT calculations.
An extended generalized conditional intensity measure method for aftershock ground motion selection
Authors: Xu Ming‐Yang , Lu Da‐Gang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study proposes an extended generalized conditional intensity measure (EGCIM)‐based approach to selecting aftershock ground motions that match the target aftershock EGCIM distributions. The main purposes of the proposed methodology are threefold: (a) to consider the multiple characteristics of aftershock ground motions (e.g., amplitude, frequency contents, cumulative effects, and duration), (b) to account for the correlations between mainshocks (MS) and aftershocks (AS) as well as cross‐correlations between AS IMs, and (c) to associate with the conventional mainshock GCIM approach to enforce mainshock‐consistency for practical applications. For these purposes, three components of the EGCIM methodology for aftershock ground motion selection are utilized: (1) the multivariate aftershock EGCIM distributions of any vector of aftershock intensity measures (IMs) are constructed conditioned on two MS‐AS IMs, (2) the correlations between mainshocks and aftershocks as well as the cross‐correlations between AS IMs are considered, and (3) the random realizations of aftershock IMs are generated as a target using the aftershock EGCIM distributions to select aftershock ground motions from the specific database. The proposed methodology is applied to a case study in the LPCC station in New Zealand, whose aftershock EGCIM distributions of the considered 18 IMs are constructed for the case scenario. Among them, the correlations between mainshocks (MS) and aftershocks (AS) as well as the cross‐correlations between AS IMs are determined using the total residuals (epsilons) based on 662 real MS–AS ground‐motion pairs. Several examples are then discussed to illustrate the application of the proposed aftershock EGCIM approach, including the comparison of the aftershock acceleration spectrum with the ASK14 model and the effects of different components of the aftershock IM weight vector. Then, the proposed approach is compared with the conventional aftershock synthesis methods. It is observed that the conventional methods perform biased representations of different aftershock characteristics, of which the limitations are improved in the proposed approach. Moreover, a sensitivity study is performed for a typical midrise structure to investigate the effects of aftershock ground motion selection on the aftershock fragility analysis. The results indicate that the selection of aftershock records considering different AS characteristics has a notable impact on the aftershock fragility assessment. The uncertainties associated with record‐to‐record variations in aftershock fragility analysis can be effectively reduced by using the proposed selection approach that incorporates the comprehensive ground motion characteristics. The findings in this study promote the extension of the existing methods for aftershock ground motion selection, which can be applied to structural design or seismic risk analysis considering the aftershock effects.
Classifying types of gully changes with unoccupied aircraft vehicles 3D multitemporal point clouds for training of satellite data analysis in Northwest Namibia
Authors: Vallejo Miguel , Castillo Carlos , Zahs Vivien , Bubenzer Olaf , Höfle Bernhard 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe development of standardised data acquisition strategies and analytical workflows is crucial to quantify gully changes. In this study, we explore synergies between unoccupied aircraft vehicles (UAV) and satellite remote sensing in order to classify gully morphodynamics. Using Time Series Forest (TSF) and the Sentinel‐1 radar backscatter coefficient (σo), gully scenarios can be classified into four categories: gully topographical change, no change outside gully, no change inside gully, and non‐topographical change. In addition, a Random Forest (RF) classification is performed employing individual features obtained from elevation models and temporally aggregated datasets. Training data are generated from multitemporal UAV‐borne photogrammetric point clouds through a manual segmentation of different gullies in Namibia. This information is transferred from point clouds (sub‐m) to satellite imagery (10 m) generating training data at Sentinel‐1 pixel level. Results indicate that the TSF (on the σo Vertical‐Vertical polarisation) and RF (on temporally aggregated features) perform best when training and testing areas are located within the same geographical extent. Both approaches yield similar Total Accuracy (TA ≈ 79%–80%) and Cohen's Kappa value (Kappa ≈ 0.7), but TSF achieves superior Producer Accuracy (PA = 78.5%) and User Accuracy (UA = 84.6%) for the gully topographical change class. Additionally, the utilisation of TSF in Vertical‐Vertical polarisation is the most effective method if the testing and training areas are in different geographical locations, allowing gully identification with TA > 80% and Kappa = 0.49. However, this method presents limitations to precisely delineate the change types, as dynamics are rain‐driven and therefore are geographically related. In summary, by combining the complementary benefits of UAV‐based and satellite‐based solutions, this study opens a line of research for the study and classification of surface land dynamics and geomorphological feature extraction in regional extents.
Technological Trends Driving Utility Residential Energy Efficiency Program Savings
Authors: Peterson Ted 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTIn 2023, with increasingly broad adoption of conventional utility energy efficiency programs such as rebates or customer incentives on water heaters, furnaces, and home insulation levels, new and next‐generation energy efficiency programs will likely involve increasingly connected devices and technological interventions. This article identifies four technological trends driving utility residential energy efficiency programs for the future. These trends include: (1) home energy reports (or comparative usage efficiency reports); (2) connected reinforced programs including utility pledge programs and demand response programs; (3) smart thermostats; and (4) smart lighting. This article indicates that ultimately, greater convergence around technology is likely to persist given utility investment in Automated Meter Integration (AMI) systems and broader customer‐driven technological adoption. Ultimately, this article advocates for continued broad‐based adoption of these programs to save energy and mitigate the impacts of climate change.
Wrist‐worn accelerometers: Influence of decisions during data collection and processing: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Eke Helén , Bonn Stephanie E. , Trolle Lagerros Ylva 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsAccelerometers collect data in an objective way, however, a number of decisions must be done during data collection, processing and output‐interpretation. The influence of those decisions is seldom investigated, reported, or discussed. Herein, we examined the influence of different decisions on the outcomes: daily minutes of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), inactivity and light physical activity (LPA).MethodsIn total, 156 participants wore an accelerometer (ActiGraph wGT3X‐BT) on their nondominant wrist for 7 days. Data collection was conducted from February 2017 to June 2018. Data was processed using the R‐package GGIR and default settings were compared to by‐the‐literature‐suggested options. The output was examined using paired t‐tests.ResultsWhen comparing two commonly used MVPA‐cut‐points, default and Hildebrand et al. we found a marginal difference (0.4 min, 1.0%, p < 0.001) in MVPA/day. When no bout criteria for MVPA/day was applied, MVPA/day was twice as high as bouted MVPA/day. Further, when we changed the epoch‐length from 5 to 1 s, statistically significant changes were seen for MVPA/day (−6.6 min, 19%, p < 0.001), inactivity/day (−22 min, 3.0%, p < 0.001) and LPA/day (28 min, 81%, p < 0.001).ConclusionDecisions made during data processing of wrist‐worn accelerometers has an influence on the output and thus, may influence the conclusions drawn. However, there may be situations when these settings are changed. If so, we recommend examining if the variables of interest are affected. We encourage researchers to report decisions made during data collection, processing and output‐interpretation, to facilitate comparisons between different studies.
Design and optimization of ground‐coupled refrigeration heat exchanger in Dubai: Numerical approach
Authors: Kahwaji Ghalib Y. , Capuano Davide , Boudekji Giada , Samaha Mohamed A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGround‐coupled heat exchangers (GCHE) have received significant attention over several decades as a result of increasing the world's energy demand and the need for reducing fossil fuels consumption. Prior studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of utilizing GCHE with refrigeration and heating systems. However, optimizing the performance of GCHE coupled with chillers for heat rejection, especially in extreme hot‐humid climates (where cooling towers are not very effective) is lacking in the literature. In this work, a ground borehole fitted with a coaxial‐tubes heat exchanger (BHE) is numerically simulated. Based on a wide range of data collected for the soil of Dubai, its real in situ thermophysical properties are characterized. The soil's upper layer thickness is relatively small and dry that operates in conduction mode, while the lower one is water‐saturated that works in coupled conduction‐advection mode. The study aims at optimizing the parameters advancing heat rejection into ground considering the actual properties of the soil of Dubai. The results indicate that the more feasible high‐density polyethylene pipes can perform as good as the steel ones. Also, a great finding based on the presented novel design is that insulating the inner pipe can increase the temperature duty by 55%. The proposed design of BHE is relatively inexpensive, more feasible and efficient, which is achieved for the first time based on a deep analysis of Dubai climate and soil. This makes the technology ready to be implemented for industrial applications in Dubai and other regions having a similar climate and soil nature.
Pre‐diagnostic circulating resistin concentrations and mortality among individuals with colorectal cancer: Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study
Authors: Pham Thu Thi , Nimptsch Katharina , Aleksandrova Krasimira , Jenab Mazda , Fedirko Veronika , Wu Kana , Eriksen Anne Kirstine , Tjønneland Anne , Severi Gianluca , Rothwell Joseph , Kaaks Rudolf , Katzke Verena , Catalano Alberto , Agnoli Claudia , Masala Giovanna , De Magistris Maria Santucci , Tumino Rosario , Vermeulen Roel , Aizpurua Amaia , Trobajo‐Sanmartín Camino , Chirlaque María‐Dolores , Sánchez Maria‐Jose , Lu Sai San Moon , Cross Amanda J. , Christakoudi Sofia , Weiderpass Elisabete , Pischon Tobias 
Published: January 2024

AbstractResistin is a protein involved in inflammation and angiogenesis processes and may play a role in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it remains unclear whether resistin is associated with increased mortality after CRC diagnosis. We examined pre‐diagnostic serum resistin concentrations in relation to CRC‐specific and all‐cause mortality among 1343 incident CRC cases from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. For CRC‐specific mortality as the primary outcome, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated from competing risk analyses based on cause‐specific Cox proportional hazards models and further in sensitivity analyses using Fine–Gray proportional subdistribution hazards models. For all‐cause mortality as the secondary outcome, Cox proportional hazards models were used. Subgroup analyses were performed by sex, tumor subsite, tumor stage, body mass index and time to CRC diagnosis. Resistin was measured on a median of 4.8 years before CRC diagnosis. During a median follow‐up of 8.2 years, 474 deaths from CRC and 147 deaths from other causes were observed. Resistin concentrations were not associated with CRC‐specific mortality (HRQ4vsQ1 = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.73–1.23; Ptrend = .97; and HRper doubling of resistin concentration = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.84–1.19; P = .98) or all‐cause mortality. Results from competing risk (sensitivity) analysis were similar. No associations were found in any subgroup analyses. These findings suggest no association between pre‐diagnostic circulating resistin concentrations and CRC‐specific or all‐cause mortality among persons with CRC, and the potential insignificance of resistin in CRC progression.
Simplifying the use of the Kiwi vacuum
Authors: Skehan Mark 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA simplified and easily teachable method of performing Kiwi vacuums is described. The Kiwi Omnicup has several features which make it the ideal instrument for correcting malposition. Once the correct position of the fetus is ascertained using ultrasound, it is always possible to maneuver the cup over the flexion point. A retrospective study was undertaken of 239 consecutive patients in the author's private practice requiring assisted delivery from 2010 until 2016. No case was declined. Successful Kiwi vacuum delivery was achieved in 233 cases (98%) and complication rates were low.
Do survivors of borderline ovarian tumors have susceptibility to secondary primary malignancies? A SEER population‐based study
Authors: Wang Jing , Du Yan , Kang Yu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the risk of women who have survived borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) developing second primary malignancies (SPM).MethodsThis work employed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program to conduct a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with BOT. The SEER stat software was used to calculate the standardized incidence ratio (SIR). Cases with pathologic diagnosis and for which information on prognostic factors were available were obtained and analyzed using the Fine and Gray model, with non‐SPM death as a competing event.ResultsThe risk of developing SPM among BOT survivors was not elevated compared with that expected in the general population (SIR 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80–0.96) between 1975 and 2017. Of 3661 patients with BOT diagnosed between 1977 and 2000, 477 patients (13.03%) experienced the development of SPM during the median follow up of 19.43 years and the cumulative incidence of SPM over a span of 25 years was 15.52%. Patients with mucinous BOT (P = 0.028), age older than 50 years (P < 0.001), or no lymph node dissection (P = 0.042), had a higher cumulative incidence of SPM in univariate analysis. In the multivariable competing risk analysis, performing lymphadenectomy (subdistribution hazard ratios [sdHR] 0.79, 95% CI 0.64–0.98), age (sdHR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02–1.03) could strongly predict the risk of SPM.ConclusionIn contrast to ovarian cancer, women with BOT were not more prone to develop SPM.
Ex vivo confocal microscopy features of common benign lesions that mimic non‐melanoma skin cancers: Towards clinical integration
Authors: Farabi Banu , Atak Mehmet Fatih , Harris Ucalene , Kahn Julia , Khan Samavia , Fink Veronica , Hartmann Daniella , Rao Babar K. , Jain Manu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEx vivo confocal microscope (EVCM) rapidly images freshly excised tissue at a histopathological resolution. EVCM features of keratinocyte skin cancers are well‐established, but those of benign clinical mimickers remain scarce. We describe EVCM features of common benign lesions and compare them with their malignant differentials. EVCM was used to image 14 benign and 3 cancer tissues. We compared EVCM features of benign lesions with corresponding histopathology and with those of keratinocyte cancers. Key features of benign lesions were identified and differentiated from malignant lesions. Elastin and fat appeared prominent in EVCM; while koilocytes and melanin were difficult to identify. Visualization of entire epidermis was challenging due to difficulty of tissue flattening during imaging. Benign lesions can be differentiated from keratinocyte cancers with EVCM. Using EVCM, a rapid, bedside diagnosis and management of skin neoplasms is possible, especially in a remote location without a histopathology lab.
Evaluating quantum entanglement generation in two‐dimensional graphene systems through lithium ion interactions: A DFT‐based study
Authors: Silva Lucas de S. , Colherinhas Guilherme , Cardoso Wesley B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this article, we employed concepts from Density Functional Theory to investigate the interaction energy behavior between the fragments of two‐dimensional systems composed of graphene‐based materials and lithium ions. Specifically, the proposed system consists of two graphene sheets separated by a controlled distance (face‐to‐face), with a lithium ion positioned at the center of this separation. Additionally, we examined potential electronic transitions within these systems and assessed the feasibility of quantum entanglement generation and manipulation. Our findings revealed that the interaction energies within the analyzed systems exhibited behavior akin to that described by the Lennard‐Jones potential, which characterizes systems with favorable energy for their formation. The results further yielded estimates for the constants and , with values of kcal/mol and 1.63 , respectively. Specific electronic transitions were identified, suggesting the potential for quantum entanglement generation and manipulation among the two‐dimensional graphene system mediated by the lithium ion interactions.
First principle studies on structural, elastic, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of new perovskite TlTaO3: For renewable energy applications
Authors: Lakra Sangeeta , Mukherjee S. K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe structural, optoelectronics, and transport properties of TlTaO3 compounds were determined utilizing the full potential augmented plane wave approach using first‐principle method. We have considered the generalized gradient approximation for structural optimization and modified Becke–Johnson for electronic properties. The electronic properties reveal that the studied TlTaO3 possesses direct bandgap of magnitude 1.52 eV. Between 0 and 12 eV, optical spectra calculations are made, taking into account the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function, refractive index, and loss function. The transport properties are estimated considering Boltzmann transport theory. The Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and power factor are all assessed using the Boltzmann transport theory. The optimized thermoelectric response of the examined TlTaO3 is produced by the improved carrier mobility, which also improves the thermoelectric efficiency of the TlTaO3. The obtained results will act as a theoretical road map for upcoming experimental and commercial TlTaO3 applications.
Changing the guard: Organizational science and social psychology in the US army
Authors: Furse Thomas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe US Army employed organizational and behavioral sciences in the context of the emerging Postindustrial political economy to shape its new strategic thought in the 1980s. This article examines how a group of military intellectuals in the Army applied ideas from these sciences to promote officer decision‐making and decentralization while maintaining the Army's culture and ethics. They had significant reservations about bringing new ideas from the social sciences into the Army because Robert McNamara's modern cybernetic strategy had scarred the Army's morale and sense of self during the Vietnam War. Instead, the intellectuals carefully adapted ideas into the Army with an unsentimental attitude as it emerged from its post‐Vietnam decline so it could fight complex maneuver warfare. Their strategic thought in the late Cold War made the Army a flexible global‐spanning force for the unipolar moment in the 1990s and early 2000s.
Automatic multi‐objective particle swarm optimization method for effective Doherty power amplifier design
Authors: Hao Zefang , Qu Yan , Huang Jiajun , Crupi Giovanni , Cai Jialin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, an automatic multi‐objective particle swarm optimization (AMOPSO) method is developed for the design of Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs). In comparison to the well‐known built‐in optimizer available in commercial simulators, the proposed method not only reduces the optimization time, but also provides superior power added efficiency (PAE) for the final power amplifier. According to the reported measurements, the output PAE of the fabricated DPA exceeds 50% at 6 dB backoff, the saturated PAE is more than 61%, and the saturated output power (Pout) is over 43 dBm in the target frequency range of 1.9–2.1 GHz. As compared with existing optimization methods, the proposed method allows reducing optimization time by more than 37%.