bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity in general dental practice in the UK
Authors: Rees J. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity in a cross‐sectional study of patients visiting general dental practitioners in the South West region of the UK over a period of 1 calendar month.Method: Twelve dental practitioners examined 3593 patients over a period of 1 calendar month and 137 patients were diagnosed as having dentine hypersensitivity, giving a prevalence figure of 3.8%.Results: The commonest teeth affected were the upper premolar and molar teeth and the commonest initiating factor was cold drinks.Conclusions: The prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity in general dental practice in the UK was 3.8%.
Self‐esteem as a characteristic of adherence to diabetes and dental self‐care regimens
Authors: Kneckt Mirka C. , Keinänen‐Kiukaanniemi Sirkka M. , Knuuttila Matti L. E. , Syrjälä Anna‐Maija H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: There are biological associations between diabetes control and oral infections. We have also found psychological associations between diabetes self‐care and oral health behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether self‐esteem can determine diabetes adherence and oral health behavior, both of with require daily, persistent self‐care.Method:Cross‐sectional data on 149 IDDM patients was collected by means of a quantitative self‐completed questionnaire.Results: High self‐esteem was found to relate to good adherence with exercise regimens (p=0.005) and adjustment of insulin doses (p=0.040). These associations were also found when standardized for socio‐demographic variables and HbA1c‐level. In the dental sphere, logistic regression analysis showed an association between self‐esteem and frequency of tooth brushing.Conclusions: It can be concluded that self‐esteem may be a common psychological factor influencing diabetes and dental self‐care. Strengthening patients’ self‐esteem could help patients to maintain daily self‐care.
Occurrence of Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens in relation to gingivitis and gingival health
Authors: Lie M. A. , Van Der Weijden G. A. , Timmerman M. F. , Loos B. G. , Van Steenbergen T. J. M. , Van Der Velden U. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: The occurrence of Prevotella intermedia (Pi) and Prevotella nigrescens (Pn) in relation to natural gingivitis, gingival health and 14‐day experimental gingivitis was investigated in 25 non‐dental students.Materials and Methods:Samples were taken from the dorsum of the tongue, the tonsils (or tonsillar area), and the supra‐ and subgingival plaque.Results: The microbiological results show that 73% of the samples were positive for the bacterial species presumed to be Pi and/or Pn. In natural gingivitis, gingival health and in experimental gingivitis 25, 23 and 25 subjects were found to be positive for Pi and/or Pn, respectively. The results of the 889 isolates that were succesfully purified and differentiated, show that almost all subjects were colonized with Pn whereas approximately half of the study population harboured Pi. These 2 species were isolated from both dental plaque and mucosal sites and were found to colonize the oral cavity simultaneously.Conclusion: In natural gingivitis, at the start and after 14 days of experimental gingivitis, Pn was the predominant micro‐organism.
Adverse effects of arecoline and nicotine on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: Chang Yu‐Chao , Lii Chong‐Kuei , Tai Kuo‐Wei , Chou Ming‐Yung 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: The habit of betel nut chewing impinges on the daily lives of approximately 200 million people. Betel quid chewers have a higher prevalence of periodontal diseases than non‐chewers. This study examined the pathobiological effects of arecoline, a major component of the betel nut alkaloids, on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) in vitro.Method: Cell viability, proliferation, protein synthesis, and cellular thiol levels were used to investigate the effects of human PDLF exposed to arecoline levels of 0 to 200 μg/ml. In addition, nicotine was added to test how it modulated the effects of arecoline.Results: Arecoline significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner. At concentrations of 10 and 30 μg/ml, arecoline suppressed the growth of PDLF by 20% and 50% (p<0.05), respectively. Arecoline also decreased protein synthesis in a dose‐dependent manner during a 24‐h culture period. A 100 μg/ml concentration level of arecoline significantly inhibited protein synthesis to only 50% of that in the untreated control (p<0.05). Moreover, arecoline significantly depleted intracellular thiols in a dose‐dependent manner. At concentrations of 25 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml, arecoline depleted about 18% and 56% of thiols (p<0.05), respectively. This suggests that arecoline itself might augment the destruction of periodontium associated with betel nut use. Furthermore, the addition of nicotine acted with a synergistic effect on the arecoline‐induced cytotoxicity. At a concentration of 60 μg/ml, arecoline suppressed the growth of PDLF by about 33%, and 5 mM nicotine enhanced the arecoline‐induced cytotoxic response to cause about 66% cell death.Conclusion: During thiol depletion, arecoline may render human PDLF more vulnerable to reactive agents within cigarettes. Taken together, people who combine habits of betel nut chewing with cigarette smoking could be more susceptible to periodontium damage than betel nut chewing alone.
The effect of periodontal treatment on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Stewart James E. , Wager Karen A. , Friedlander Arthur H. , Zadeh Homayoun H. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background, aims: This study was designed to explore the effect of periodontal therapy on glycemic control in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods: 36 patients with type 2 DM (treatment group) received therapy for adult periodontitis during an 18‐month period. A 36‐person control group was randomly selected from the same population of persons with type 2 DM who did not receive periodontal treatment.Results: These groups were well matched for most of the parameters investigated. During the nine‐month observation period, there was a 6.7% improvement in glycemic control in the control group when compared to a 17.1% improvement in the treatment group, a statistically significant difference. Several parameters that could confound or moderate this glycemic control were explored. These included the treatment of non‐dental infections, weight and medication changes. No moderating effect was associated with any of these variables. However, there were too few subjects in the study to have the statistical power necessary to assess these possible moderators of glycemic control.Conclusions: We interpret the data in the study to suggest that periodontal therapy was associated with improved glycemic control in persons with type 2 DM.
Cigarette smoking, salivary/gingival crevicular fluid cotinine and periodontal status A 10‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Chen Xia , Wolff Larry , Aeppli Dorothee , Guo Zijie , Luan Wen‐min , Baelum Vibeke , Fejeskov Ole 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background, aims: The primary purpose of this study was to determine the association of salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cotinine levels with periodontal disease status in smokers and non‐smokers.Methods: 147 male smokers and 30 male non‐smokers were included in the current longitudinal study. The 177 individuals were part of a group of 200 subjects (89%) seen 10 years previously for a baseline survey. Oral hygiene indices, probing depth and attachment loss were recorded. Salivary and GCF cotinine levels of 58 smokers were determined by means of ELISA.Results: Results indicated that no significant difference was found in subjects who smoked, when compared to subjects who did not smoke with respect to plaque accumulation and calculus deposits. Smokers, however, had fewer gingival bleeding sites. Cigarette smoking was associated with a greater increase in probing depth and attachment loss, as well as greater tooth loss at an earlier age. There was greater tooth loss in smokers than non‐smokers (p<0.001). 11 smokers became edentulous, while only 1 non‐smoker lost all his teeth within 10 years. The degree of periodontal tissue breakdown was different in each age group with greater periodontal deterioration as age increased. All smokers had detectable salivary and GCF cotinine. Mean GCF cotinine was about 4× higher than mean salivary cotinine levels. Individuals who smoked 20 pack years when compared to <20 pack years, had significantly higher saliva and GCF cotinine levels (p0.05).Conclusion: Neither salivary cotinine nor GCF cotinine was significantly correlated with probing depth, attachment loss and tooth loss (p>0.05).
Treatment of intrabony defects with enamel matrix proteins and guided tissue regeneration
Authors: Sculean Anton , Windisch Péter , Chiantella Giovanni Carlo , Donos Nikolaos , Brecx Michel , Reich Elmar 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Utilisation of enamel matrix proteins (EMD) and application of the guided tissue regeneration principle (GTR) are treatment modalities which both have been shown to result in periodontal regeneration. However, it is yet unknown whether the combination of EMD and GTR may additionally favor the regeneration process.Aim: The aim of the present controlled study was to evaluate clinically the treatment effect of EMD, GTR, combination of EMD and GTR, and flap surgery (control) on intrabony defects.Material and Methods: 56 patients each of whom displaying one intrabony defect of a depth of at least 6 mm were randomly treated with one of the treatment modalities. Prior to surgery and at one year after, the following parameters were evaluated by a blinded examiner: Plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival recession (GR) and clinical attachment level (CAL). No statistical significant differences between the four groups were observed at baseline for any of the investigated parameters.Results: At 1 year after therapy, the sites treated with EMD demonstrated a mean PPD reduction of 4.1±1.7 mm and a mean CAL gain of 3.4±1.5 mm (p<0.001). The sites treated with GTR showed a mean PPD reduction of 4.2±1.9 mm and a mean CAL gain of 3.1±1.5 mm (p<0.001). The sites treated with the combined treatment showed a mean PPD reduction of 4.3±1.4 mm and a mean CAL gain of 3.4±1.1 mm (p<0.001). In the control group, the mean PPD reduction was 3.7±1.4 mm (p<0.001) and the mean CAL gain measured 1.7±1.5 mm (p<0.01). All 4 treatments led to statistically significant PPD reduction and CAL gain. All three regenerative treatments led to higher CAL gain than the control treatment (p<0.05). No statistical significant differences in PPD reduction and CAL gain were observed between the three regenerative treatments.Conclusion: It may be concluded that (a) all 3 regenerative treatment modalities may lead to higher CAL gain than the control one, and (b) the combined treatment does not seem to improve the outcome of the regenerative procedure.
The intra‐oral translocation of periodontopathogens jeopardises the outcome of periodontal therapy
Authors: Quirynen M. , De Soete M. , Dierickx K. , Van Steenberghe D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Although periodontitis has a multi‐factorial aetiology, the success of its therapy mainly focuses on the eradication/reduction of the exogenous/endogenous periodontopathogens. Most of the species colonise several niches within the oral cavity (e.g. the mucosae, the tongue, the saliva, the periodontal pockets and all intra‐oral hard surfaces) and even in the oro‐pharyngeal area (e.g., the sinus and the tonsils).Methods: This review article discusses the intra‐oral transmission of periodontopathogens between these niches and analyses clinical studies that support the idea and importance of such an intra‐oral translocation.Results and conclusions:Based on the literature, the oro‐pharyngeal area should indeed be considered as a microbiological entity. Because untreated pockets jeopardise the healing of recently instrumented sites, the treatment of periodontitis should involve “a one stage approach” of all pathologic pockets (1‐stage full‐mouth disinfection) or should at least consider the use of antiseptics during the intervals between consecutive instrumentations, in order to prevent a microbial translocation of periodontopathogens during the healing period. For the same reason, regeneration procedures or the local application of antibiotics should be postponed until a maximal improvement has been obtained in the remaining dentition. This more global approach offers significant additional clinical and microbiological benefits.
Prevalence and risk indicators for destructive periodontal diseases in 3 urban American minority populations
Authors: Craig Ronald G. , Boylan Robert , Yip Julie , Bamgboye Patrick , Koutsoukos James , Mijares Dindo , Ferrer Jacqueline , Imam Mohammed , Socransky Sigmund S. , Haffajee Anne D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: Destructive periodontal diseases have been reported disproportionately more prevalent and severe in African‐Americans relative to other American populations. Differences in subgingival microbiota and host immune response have also been reported for African‐Americans, implying that risk factors for disease progression may also differ for these populations. Since it is not clear whether these differences are truly genetic or due to confounding variables such as social economic status, we examined a series of clinical, environmental, demographic, and microbiologic features associated with periodontal disease status in a group of 185 urban minority subjects resident within the greater New York metropolitan area.Methods: The study population consisted of 56 Asian‐American, 71 African‐American and 58 Hispanic subjects. Clinical data recorded included pocket depth, attachment level, gingival erythema, bleeding upon probing, suppuration, and the presence of supragingival plaque. Environmental and demographic data recorded included smoking history, years resident in the United States, whether the subject reported a private dentist and occupational status. Subgingival plaque was sampled from the mesial aspect of all teeth exclusive of third molars and the levels of 40 subgingival species enumerated using checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization.Results: The African‐American group had more missing teeth, deeper periodontal pocket depth and more attachment loss than the Asian‐American or Hispanic groups. However, the African‐American group were less likely to report having a private dentist, had a greater proportion of smokers and a greater proportion of unskilled individuals. The profile of subgingival species differed among the three ethnic/racial groups with A. actinomycetemcomitans, N. mucosa, S. noxia and T. socranskii significantly elevated in the Asian‐American group and P. micros significantly elevated in the African‐American group. When subset by occupational status, numbers of missing teeth, pocket depth, attachment level and prior disease activity were all found increased in the unskilled relative to the professional group. Local factors including the mean % of sites with plaque, marginal gingival erythema, bleeding upon probing and suppuration were also elevated in the unskilled group. The microbial profile differed among the 3 occupational groups with the unskilled group having elevated numbers of species associated with destructive periodontal diseases.Conclusions: Although greater destructive periodontal disease prevalence and severity were found in the African‐American group, these results suggest that environmental and demographic variables, such as occupational status, may have a greater influence on risk indicators associated with disease prevalence and progression in these populations.
Infection‐mediated early‐onset periodontal disease in P/E‐selectin‐deficient mice
Authors: Niederman R. , Westernoff T. , Lee C. , Mark L. L. , Kawashima N. , Ullman‐Culler M. , Dewhirst F. E. , Paster B. J. , Wagner D. D. , Mayadas T. , Hynes R. O. , Stashenko P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Retrospective and correlation studies suggest that early‐onset periodontal disease may be due to a deficiency in phagocyte function, a pathogenic oral biofilm, and/or dysregulated gingival cytokine expression. Increased susceptibility to periodontal disease is therefore thought to result from multiple risk factors.Methods: We tested this hypothesis prospectively using P/E‐selectin adhesion molecule deficient mice that mimic the human syndrome leukocyte adhesion deficiency II.Results: Our studies demonstrate that, in comparison to wild type animals, P/E−/− mice exhibit: spontaneous, early onset alveolar bone loss which is significant by 6 weeks of age; a 10‐fold elevation in bacterial colonization of their oral cavities; and elevated gingival tissue levels of the bone resorptive cytokine IL‐1α. Alveolar bone loss is completely prevented by prophylactic antibiotic therapy.Conclusions: These experiments provide the first prospective evidence for the multiple risk factor hypothesis of periodontal disease, and validate the first animal model for early onset periodontitis in which both the microbiota and host response can be systematically manipulated. P/E−/− animals should be useful in testing the virulence of putative periodontal pathogens, in determining the role of host resistance factors in periodontitis, in exploring the proposed relationship(s) between infection mediated alveolar bone loss and systemic health disorders, and exploring their genetic relationships.
A multifactorial investigation of the ability of oral health care products (OHCPs) to alleviate oral malodour
Authors: Silwood Christopher J. L. , Grootveld Martin C. , Lynch Edward 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim, background: Oral malodour (halitosis) is generally ascribable to oral microbial putrefaction generating malodorous volatile sulphur compounds which predominantly comprise dihydrogen sulphide and methyl mercaptan. This study assesses the relative effectiveness of 6 oral health care products in reducing oral cavity volatile sulphur compound concentrations.Method: A mixed model 3‐factor factorial experimental design involving 6 volunteers, 7 treatment regimens (products I–VI* and water placebo) and 5 time‐points (0.00–5.29 h) was undertaken. Electron‐donating volatile sulphur compound levels were determined in triplicate using a sulphide monitor (Interscan model 1170) both prior to (0.00 h) and following oral rinsing (20 ml of 5 of the products) or chewing (2 capsules of the remaining product) episodes with each product examined (0.29, 1.29, 2.29 and 5.29 h post‐administration).Results: Results were recorded as peak and steady‐state volatile sulphur compound equivalents (ppb). With the exception of one of the products, each oral health care product tested was found to reproducibly reduce volatile sulphur compound concentrations within 20 min of treatment; the mean % decreases in peak (and corresponding steady‐state) levels ranging from 3.6 (0.0) to 16.8 (16.4)%. Subsequently, volatile sulphur compound concentrations returned to their zero‐control (baseline) values within 5 h, the rate of this regression being in the reverse of the order observed for the magnitude of the primary 20 min reduction for both peak and steady‐state measurements. As expected, the water placebo exerted no influence on oral cavity volatile sulphur compound levels. The most effective oral health care products contained admixtures of chlorite anion and chlorine dioxide (both of these agents have the ability to directly oxidise volatile sulphur compounds to non‐malodorous products and the latter is also powerfully cidal towards odourigenic micro‐organisms).Conclusions: We therefore conclude that oral health care products containing such oxohalogen oxidants may provide a useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of oral malodour.
Efficacy of manual and powered toothbrushes (II). Effect on microbiological parameters
Authors: Haffajee Anne D. , Smith Claire , Torresyap Gay , Thompson Maureen , Guerrero Denise , Socransky Sigmund S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground/aim: The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effect of self‐performed supragingival plaque removal using either manual (Crest Complete) or power (Braun 3D Plaque Remover) toothbrushing on supra and subgingival plaque composition.Methods: 47 periodontal maintenance subjects completed this single‐blind 6 month longitudinal study. At baseline, samples of supra and separately subgingival plaque were taken from the mesial aspect of each tooth in each subject using sterile curettes and individually analyzed for their content of 18 bacterial taxa using checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization. After random assignment to groups receiving either a manual (n=25) or power toothbrush (n=22), subjects received instruction in oral hygiene and used their assigned toothbrush 2× daily for 6 months. Clinical monitoring and microbiological sampling were repeated at 3 and 6 months. Significant differences in microbiological measures over time were sought using the Quade test and between brushing groups at each time point using the Mann‐Whitney test.Results: Mean total counts were significantly reduced for supra‐ and subgingival plaque samples in the manual group and subgingival samples in the powered brushing group. Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces israelii/gerencseriae were the most numerous organisms detected at baseline and showed the greatest reductions in counts in both brushing groups. Streptococcus constellatus/intermedius was significantly reduced in both groups, while Streptococcus mitis/oralis/sanguis was significantly reduced in the manual toothbrushing group. Mean counts of species were more markedly altered in subgingival plaque. Major reductions occurred in both groups for A. naeslundii, A. israelii/gerencseriae, Peptostreptococcus micros, Veillonella parvula, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, S. mitis/oralis/sanguis and S. constellatus/intermedius. All taxa examined were reduced in prevalence (% of sites colonized) in the subgingival plaque samples for both brushing groups. The reductions in prevalence were greater for A. naeslundii, S. constellatus/intermedius, V. parvula, A. israelii/gerencseriae, S. mitis/oralis/sanguis, P. micros, Streptococcus mutans and P. intermedia/nigrescens. Mean prevalence was decreased more for Porphyromonas gingivalis, Campylobacter rectus/showae, Treponema denticola and Bacteroides forsythus in supragingival plaque than subgingival plaque.Conclusions: The major finding was the effect of supragingival plaque removal on the composition of the subgingival microbiota. Counts and prevalence of most taxa examined were markedly decreased in both toothbrushing groups. This reduction should translate to a decreased risk of periodontal disease initiation or recurrence. Further, the decreased prevalence of periodontal pathogens in supragingival plaque lowers potential reservoirs of these species.