bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trem2 deficiency attenuates microglial phagocytosis and autophagic‐lysosomal activation in white matter hypoperfusion
Authors: Pang Xiao‐Wei , Chu Yun‐Hui , Zhou Luo‐Qi , Chen Man , You Yun‐Fan , Tang Yue , Yang Sheng , Zhang Hang , Xiao Jun , Deng Gang , Wang Wei , Shang Ke , Qin Chuan , Tian Dai‐Shi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChronic cerebral hypoperfusion leads to sustained demyelination and a unique response of microglia. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2), which is expressed exclusively on microglia in the central nervous system (CNS), plays an essential role in microglial response in various CNS disorders. However, the specific role of Trem2 in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the specific role of Trem2 in a mouse model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). Our results showed that chronic hypoperfusion induced white matter demyelination, microglial phagocytosis, and activation of the microglial autophagic‐lysosomal pathway, accompanied by an increase in Trem2 expression. After Trem2 knockout, we observed attenuation of white matter lesions and microglial response. Trem2 deficiency also suppressed microglial phagocytosis and relieved activation of the autophagic‐lysosomal pathway, leading to microglial polarization towards anti‐inflammatory and homeostatic phenotypes. Furthermore, Trem2 knockout inhibited lipid droplet accumulation in microglia in vitro. Collectively, these findings suggest that Trem2 deficiency ameliorated microglial phagocytosis and autophagic‐lysosomal activation in hypoperfusion‐induced white matter injury, and could be a promising target for the treatment of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.image
Recipient site scalp necrosis: A rare postoperative complication of hair transplantation
Authors: Chen Jian , Qu Qian , Guo Yilong , Hu Zhiqi , Li Xingdong , Fan Zhexiang , Yang Juanmin , Tang Qiang , Miao Yong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecipient area scalp necrosis is considered a potential complication of hair transplantation, but has rarely been reported. A small number of patients have developed scalp necrosis after hair transplantation with the widely used Follicular unit excision (FUE) technique. There are no guidelines to prevent and manage this complication. The aim of this study was to provide an insight into the pathogenesis, prevention, and management of scalp necrosis following hair transplantation.MethodsFrom 2012 to 2021, among more than 10 000 patients who underwent hair transplantation, only three developed scalp necrosis in our clinical experience, besides, one patient transferred to our hospital because of scalp necrosis after undergoing hair transplantation. According to the disease etiology and patients' symptom, a combination of wound management and antimicrobial therapy was employed. This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee of Nanfang Hospital.ResultsOf the four patients, three received timely treatment and had a good prognosis. Necrosis became confined and healed within 2–3 weeks. Grafts in the lesion area partially survived. In case 4, due to improper treatment at the early stage, the lesion developed extensively and deeply, which not only delayed wound healing, but also resulted in complete loss of grafts.ConclusionPreoperative prophylaxis, timely diagnosis, and immediate treatment of scalp necrosis can prevent serious complications and reduce morbidity after hair transplantation.
Comparative study on the mutation spectrum of L‐MYC and C‐MYC genes of blood cfDNA in patients with ovarian cancer and healthy females
Authors: Shabir Saba , Asiaf Asia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed at detecting the mutations of L‐MYC and C‐MYC genes in ovarian cancer (OC) patients and healthy female volunteers using cell‐free DNA (cfDNA).MethodsWe evaluated cfDNA of 50 OC patients with different stages (I–IV) and 50 age‐matched healthy female volunteers (controls) in order to access mutations in exon‐1 of L‐MYC (198 bp) and exon‐3 of C‐MYC (165 bp) genes using Sanger sequencing.ResultsThe total mutations reported were 43 and 7 in exon‐1 of L‐MYC and exon‐3 of C‐MYC genes, respective. The C‐MYC and L‐MYC gene mutational status recorded in both cases and controls were compared with the already available data on mutations in c‐myc and L‐myc databases viz SNP db—NCBI, ClinVar db, COSMIC, PubMed, and LitVar which suggested that the detected mutations in exon‐1 of L‐MYC and exon‐3 of C‐MYC genes are novel.ConclusionOur study showed that cfDNA might be used for noninvasive detection of clinico‐genomic profiles of OC patients and as a prognostic biomarker for the disease.
Stepfamily formation and the educational outcomes of children in Sweden
Authors: Helgertz Jonas , Tegunimataka Anna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe examine the impact of stepfamily exposure on the educational outcomes of children, considering factors such as age at stepfamily formation, gender of the stepparent, presence of step/half‐siblings, and the stepparent's socioeconomic resources.BackgroundThe prevalence of stepfamilies across the Global North highlights the urgency of the issue. Despite a sizeable existing empirical literature, much research has been conducted on small datasets, characterized by a limited ability to examine heterogeneities in the stepfamily experience.MethodWe analyze Swedish register data, examining a population of 1.1 million individuals born between 1973 and 1998. Examining four separate school outcomes, we investigate the influence of different aspects of the individual's stepfamily experience, measured continuously throughout the individual's childhood and adolescence using OLS regression.ResultsExamining hypotheses based on the risk and resilience framework, there are few indications that children exposed to a stepfamily during childhood or adolescence perform worse in school than a child with parents who divorce but without remarrying. Additionally, the results highlight differences between the consequences of exposure to a stepfather or a stepmother as well as due to the socioeconomic resources possessed by stepparent.ConclusionThe results demonstrate the complexities that characterize the stepfamily experience, with challenges particularly affecting the stepmother. Despite these, the study highlights the absence of negative effects on children's education, also emphasizing the considerable importance of both intellectual and financial resources brought by stepparents.
A review of field techniques to estimate lion presence and abundance
Authors: Mwampeta Stanslaus B. , Røskaft Eivin , Fyumagwa Robert , Belant Jerrold L. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Since the 1990s, the number of lions (Panthera leo) has declined by about 43% across African range states. Reliable lion population estimates can contribute to effective management and inform local and international conservation policies. Though many survey methods have been used to estimate lion abundance, an assessment of their usefulness and effectiveness is lacking.

We reviewed and identified available methods used to estimate lion populations, then investigated their feasibility, cost‐effectiveness and suitability to achieve primary objectives.

We identified 12 methods in two categories: direct (minimum counts, call‐in surveys, capture–recapture, opportunistic sightings, remote cameras, distance‐based and aerial counts) and indirect (track counts, secondary information, prey‐based, genetic samples and roar counts).

We identified 48 studies (57%) in which lion population estimation was not repeatable. Additionally, 38% did not provide any measure of precision. About 28% of the studies were conducted specifically for management purposes, while remaining studies focused on population estimates and dynamics.

Because data from these studies have influenced local management and global lion conservation policies, we recommend basing future policies and management on repeatable, precise and accurate population estimates supported by appropriate and cost‐effective experimental designs. In most cases, these estimates are obtained through actual lion counts derived from direct observation methods including call‐in, capture–recapture and remote camera surveys or through reliable animal signs such as genetic samples.
Tracking the foraging migrations of Marion Island southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) during their first year of life
Authors: McIntyre Trevor , Oosthuizen W. Chris , Bester Marthán N. , Hindell Mark A. , Reisinger Ryan R. , Tosh Cheryl A. , van den Hoff John , de Bruyn P.J. Nico 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe first year of life is critical for large mammals to acquire foraging and predator avoidance skills. Southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) pups wean at approximately three weeks of age and depart on their first foraging trips in midsummer, typically remaining at sea for three to four months before returning to their natal islands. We describe the foraging trips (n = 29) of 16 underyearling southern elephant seals from sub‐Antarctic Marion Island and compare these with trips (n = 152) of 94 older seals from the same population. While subadults (prebreeding age) and adult females (breeding age) displayed directional travel, underyearlings traveled in multiple directions from the island with no evidence of repeatability of travel directions within or between individuals and years. Maiden trips took longer to complete than subsequent trips during the first year of life, but we found no evidence for significant changes in other track metrics between the first three foraging trips. The comparatively inconsistent movement patterns of underyearlings suggest that foraging strategies of individuals are influenced by their learning and/or success during the first year of life and that individual level consistency in successful foraging strategies only become apparent in subsequent years.
C4 maize and sorghum are more sensitive to rapid dehydration than C3 wheat and sunflower
Authors: Bellasio Chandra , Stuart‐Williams Hilary , Farquhar Graham D. , Flexas Jaume 
Published: October 2023

Summary
The high productive potential, heat resilience, and greater water use efficiency of C4 over C3 plants attract considerable interest in the face of global warming and increasing population, but C4 plants are often sensitive to dehydration, questioning the feasibility of their wider adoption.
To resolve the primary effect of dehydration from slower from secondary leaf responses originating within leaves to combat stress, we conducted an innovative dehydration experiment. Four crops grown in hydroponics were forced to a rapid yet controlled decrease in leaf water potential by progressively raising roots of out of the solution while measuring leaf gas exchange.
We show that, under rapid dehydration, assimilation decreased more steeply in C4 maize and sorghum than in C3 wheat and sunflower. This reduction was due to a rise of nonstomatal limitation at triple the rate in maize and sorghum than in wheat and sunflower.
Rapid reductions in assimilation were previously measured in numerous C4 species across both laboratory and natural conditions. Hence, we deduce that high sensitivity to rapid dehydration might stem from the disturbance of an intrinsic aspect of C4 bicellular photosynthesis. We posit that an obstruction to metabolite transport between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells could be the cause.
The biosynthesis, degradation, and function of cell wall β‐xylosylated xyloglucan mirrors that of arabinoxyloglucan
Authors: Wilson Louis F. L. , Neun Stefanie , Yu Li , Tryfona Theodora , Stott Katherine , Hollfelder Florian , Dupree Paul 
Published: October 2023

Summary
Xyloglucan is an abundant polysaccharide in many primary cell walls and in the human diet. Decoration of its α‐xylosyl sidechains with further sugars is critical for plant growth, even though the sugars themselves vary considerably between species. Plants in the Ericales order – prevalent in human diets – exhibit β1,2‐linked xylosyl decorations. The biosynthetic enzymes responsible for adding these xylosyl decorations, as well as the hydrolases that remove them in the human gut, are unidentified.
GT47 xyloglucan glycosyltransferase candidates were expressed in Arabidopsis and endo‐xyloglucanase products from transgenic wall material were analysed by electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The activities of gut bacterial hydrolases BoGH43A and BoGH43B on synthetic glycosides and xyloglucan oligosaccharides were measured by colorimetry and electrophoresis.
CcXBT1 is a xyloglucan β‐xylosyltransferase from coffee that can modify Arabidopsis xyloglucan and restore the growth of galactosyltransferase mutants. Related VmXST1 is a weakly active xyloglucan α‐arabinofuranosyltransferase from cranberry. BoGH43A hydrolyses both α‐arabinofuranosylated and β‐xylosylated oligosaccharides.
CcXBT1's presence in coffee and BoGH43A's promiscuity suggest that β‐xylosylated xyloglucan is not only more widespread than thought, but might also nourish beneficial gut bacteria. The evolutionary instability of transferase specificity and lack of hydrolase specificity hint that, to enzymes, xylosides and arabinofuranosides are closely resemblant.
Influence of METTL3 knockdown on PDLSC osteogenesis in E. coliLPS‐induced inflammation
Authors: Chen Hang , Peng Limin , Wang Zhenxiang , He Yujuan , Zhang Xiaonan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of METTL3 knockdown on osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in the weak inflammation microenvironments, as well as the underlying mechanisms.Materials and MethodsPDLSCs were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli (E. coli LPS), followed by quantification of METTL3. METTL3 expression was assessed using RT‐qPCR and Western blot analysis in periodontitis. METTL3 knockdown PDLSCs were stimulated with or without E. coli LPS. The evaluation included proinflammatory cytokines, osteogenic markers, ALP activity, and mineralized nodules. Bioinformatics analysis and Western blot determined the association between METTL3 and the PI3K/Akt pathway.ResultsMETTL3 was overexpressed in periodontitis. METTL3 knockdown in PDLSCs reduced proinflammatory cytokines, osteogenic markers, ALP activity, and mineralized nodules in both environments. Bioinformatics analysis suggested a link between METTL3 and the PI3K/Akt pathway. METTL3 knockdown inhibited PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation.ConclusionMETTL3 knockdown might inhibit osteogenesis in PDLSCs through the inactivation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Concomitant findings might shed novel light on the roles and potential mechanisms of METTL3 in the LPS‐stimulated inflammatory microenvironments of PDLSCs.
Connexin43 reduces LPS‐induced inflammation in hDPCs through TLR4‐NF‐κB pathway via hemichannels
Authors: Long Ping , Xiong Lin , Ding Cancan , Kuang Yanli , He Yuanpei , Li Guangwen , Xiao Jingang , Li Shiting 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesConnexin43 (Cx43) is involved in the inflammation of many tissue types. Dental caries is infectious disease resulting from mineralized tissue dissolution by a specific bacterial population, causing pulp inflammation. However, Cx43's role in dental pulp remains unclear. Here, we investigated the function of Cx43 during pulp inflammation.Materials and MethodsWe constructed a dentin injury model in Sprague–Dawley rats to investigate changes in Cx43 expression during pulp inflammation. Cx43 was inhibited in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) that had been stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate the effect of Cx43 on inflammatory response. Promotion of TLR4‐NF‐κB pathway activity and special Cx43 channel inhibitors were used to clarify the function of Cx43 in hDPCs.ResultsDentin injury led to low‐level inflammation in dental pulp. Following dentin injury, Cx43 expression initially decreased before gradually recovering to normal levels. Cx43 inhibition reduced LPS‐induced expression of inflammatory cytokines and NF‐κB pathway activity. Promotion of NF‐κB pathway activity counteracted the effect of Cx43 in hDPCs. Furthermore, inhibition of Cx43 hemichannels reduced LPS‐induced inflammatory cytokine expression.ConclusionsCx43 is involved in inflammation of dental pulp, while its inhibition reduced LPS‐induced inflammation in hDPCs through NF‐κB pathway via blockage of hemichannels.
High power short duration versus low power long duration ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Parlavecchio Antonio , Vetta Giampaolo , Coluccia Giovanni , Pistelli Lorenzo , Caminiti Rodolfo , Ajello Manuela , Magnocavallo Michele , Dattilo Giuseppe , Foti Rosario , Carerj Scipione , Crea Pasquale , Chierchia Gian Battista , de Asmundis Carlo , Della Rocca Domenico Giovanni , Palmisano Pietro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐power‐short‐duration (HPSD) radiofrequency (RF) ablation is a viable alternative to low‐power‐long‐duration (LPLD) RF for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Nevertheless, trials showed conflicting results regarding atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrences and few data concerning complications. Therefore, we conducted a meta‐analysis of randomized trials comparing HPSD versus LPLD.MethodsWe systematically searched the electronic databases for studies published from inception to March 31, 2023 focusing on HPSD versus LPLD. The study endpoints were AF recurrence, procedural times and overall complications.ResultsFive studies enrolling 424 patients met the inclusion criteria (mean age 61.1 years; 54.3% paroxysmal AF; mean LVEF 58.2%). Compared to LPLD, HPSD showed a significantly lower AF recurrence rate [16.3% vs. 30,1%; RR: 0.54 (95% CI: 0.38–0.79); p = 0.001] at a mean 10.9 months follow‐up. Moreover, HPSD led to a significant reduction in total procedural time [MD: −26.25 min (95%CI: −42.89 to −9.61); p = 0.002], PVI time [MD: −26.44 min (95%CI: −38.32 to −14.55); p < 0.0001], RF application time [MD: −8.69 min (95%CI: −11.37 to −6.01); p < 0.00001] and RF lesion number [MD: −7.60 (95%CI: −10.15 to −5.05); p < 0.00001]. No difference was found in either right [80.4% vs. 78.2%; RR: 1.04 (95% CI: 0.81–1.32); p = 0.77] or left [92.3% vs. 90.2%; RR: 1.02 (95% CI: 0.94–1.11); p = 0.58] first‐pass isolation and overall complications [6% vs. 3.7%; RR: 1.45 (95%CI: 0.53–3.99); p = 0.47] between groups.ConclusionIn our metanalysis of randomized trials, HPSD ablation appeared to be associated to a significantly improved freedom from AF and shorter procedures, without increasing the risk of complications.
Airway topicalization in pediatric anesthesia: An international cross‐sectional study
Authors: Iliff H. A. , Baxter A. , Chakladar A. , Endlich Y. , McGuire B. , Peyton J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is no national or international consensus or guideline on recommended dosing of lidocaine for airway topicalization in children. Doses quoted in the literature vary substantially.AimsThe primary aim of the study was to ascertain current international dosing practices (mg.kg−1and concentration of solution) for lidocaine airway topicalization in children. The secondary aims included examining aftercare instructions for those receiving lidocaine airway topicalization and instances of local anesthetic systemic toxicity secondary to the use of lidocaine for airway topicalization in pediatric patients.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study consisted of 11–20 questions across three domains—population demographics, clinical practice, and local anesthetic systemic toxicity. It adhered to the consensus‐based checklist for reporting of survey studies. Responses were collected over 14 weeks using a combination of probability (cluster and simple random) and nonprobability (purposive, convenience and snowball) sampling. Data were analyzed based on the response rate per question with proportions expressed as percentages and nonparametric data expressed as median (interquartile range [range]) in an effort to minimize nonresponse error. No weighting of items or propensity scoring was applied.ResultsAfter initial exclusions, 1501 participants from 69 countries, across six continents, were included. Consultant anesthetists or those with an equivalent level of experience accounted for 1262/1501 (84.1%) of responses. Results showed heterogeneity in dosing and timing regimens and evidence that dosing may contribute to adverse outcomes. The maximum dose reported by participants who use lidocaine for airway topicalization as part of their normal practice was 5 mg.kg−1(4–6 mg.kg−1[0.5–50]) median (interquartile range [range]) over 2 h (1‐4 h [0–30]).ConclusionThe results support the need for further research and consensus in this area, in order to provide safe provision of lidocaine airway topicalization in children. It is hoped the results of this study can support future collaborative work in this area.
Banana MaNAC1 activates secondary cell wall cellulose biosynthesis to enhance chilling resistance in fruit
Authors: Yin Qi , Qin Wenqi , Zhou Zibin , Wu Ai‐Min , Deng Wei , Li Zhengguo , Shan Wei , Chen Jian‐ye , Kuang Jian‐fei , Lu Wang‐jin 
Published: October 2023

SummaryChilling injury has a negative impact on the quantity and quality of crops, especially subtropical and tropical plants. The plant cell wall is not only the main source of biomass production, but also the first barrier to various stresses. Therefore, improving the understanding of the alterations in cell wall architecture is of great significance for both biomass production and stress adaptation. Herein, we demonstrated that the cell wall principal component cellulose accumulated during chilling stress, which was caused by the activation of MaCESA proteins. The sequence‐multiple comparisons show that a cold‐inducible NAC transcriptional factor MaNAC1, a homologue of Secondary Wall NAC transcription factors, has high sequence similarity with Arabidopsis SND3. An increase in cell wall thickness and cellulosic glucan content was observed in MaNAC1‐overexpressing Arabidopsis lines, indicating that MaNAC1 participates in cellulose biosynthesis. Over‐expression of MaNAC1 in Arabidopsis mutant snd3 restored the defective secondary growth of thinner cell walls and increased cellulosic glucan content. Furthermore, the activation of MaCESA7 and MaCESA6B cellulose biosynthesis genes can be directly induced by MaNAC1 through binding to SNBE motifs within their promoters, leading to enhanced cellulose content during low‐temperature stress. Ultimately, tomato fruit showed greater cold resistance in MaNAC1 overexpression lines with thickened cell walls and increased cellulosic glucan content. Our findings revealed that MaNAC1 performs a vital role as a positive modulator in modulating cell wall cellulose metabolism within banana fruit under chilling stress.