bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A MAP kinase cascade broadly regulates the lifestyle of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and can be targeted by HIGS for disease control
Authors: Tian Lei , Li Josh , Xu Yan , Qiu Yilan , Zhang Yuelin , Li Xin 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARYSclerotinia sclerotiorum causes white mold or stem rot in a wide range of economically important plants, bringing significant yield losses worldwide. Control of this pathogen is difficult as its resting structure sclerotia can survive in soil for years, and no Resistance genes have been identified in S. sclerotiorum hosts. Host‐induced gene silencing (HIGS) has shown promising effects in controlling many fungal pathogens, including S. sclerotiorum. However, better molecular genetic understanding of signaling pathways involved in its development and pathogenicity is needed to provide effective HIGS gene targets. Here, by employing a forward genetic screen, we characterized an evolutionarily conserved mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in S. sclerotiorum, consisting of SsSte50‐SsSte11‐SsSte7‐Smk1, which controls mycelial growth, sclerotia development, compound appressoria formation, virulence, and hyphal fusion. Moreover, disruption of the putative downstream transcription factor SsSte12 led to normal sclerotia but deformed appressoria and attenuated host penetration, as well as impaired apothecia formation, suggestive of diverged regulation downstream of the MAPK cascade. Most importantly, targeting SsSte50 using host‐expressed double‐stranded RNA resulted in largely reduced virulence of S. sclerotiorum on both Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Therefore, this MAPK signaling cascade is generally needed for its growth, development, and pathogenesis and can serve as ideal HIGS targets for mitigating economic damages caused by S. sclerotiorum infection.
Profiling of RNA editing events in plant organellar transcriptomes with high‐throughput sequencing
Authors: Liu Kejia , Xie Bin , Peng Leilei , Wu Qijia , Hu Jun 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARYRNA editing is a crucial post‐transcriptional modification process in plant organellar RNA metabolism. rRNA removal‐based total RNA‐seq is one of the most common methods to study this event. However, the lack of commercial kits to remove rRNAs limits the usage of this method, especially for non‐model plant species. DSN‐seq is a transcriptome sequencing method utilizing duplex‐specific nuclease (DSN) to degrade highly abundant cDNA species especially those from rRNAs while keeping the robustness of transcript levels of the majority of other mRNAs, and has not been applied to study RNA editing in plants before. In this study, we evaluated the capability of DSN‐seq to reduce rRNA content and profile organellar RNA editing events in plants, as well we used commercial Ribo‐off‐seq and standard mRNA‐seq as comparisons. Our results demonstrated that DSN‐seq efficiently reduced rRNA content and enriched organellar transcriptomes in rice. With high sensitivity to RNA editing events, DSN‐seq and Ribo‐off‐seq provided a more complete and accurate RNA editing profile of rice, which was further validated by Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, DSN‐seq also demonstrated efficient organellar transcriptome enrichment and high sensitivity for profiling RNA editing events in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our study highlights the capability of rRNA removal‐based total RNA‐seq for profiling RNA editing events in plant organellar transcriptomes and also suggests DSN‐seq as a widely accessible RNA editing profiling method for various plant species.
Characterisation of the pruritus responses and pruritic behaviours in an interleukin 31‐induced canine model of pruritus
Authors: Pearson Jason , Denley Tara , Blubaugh Amanda , Kim Sujung Jun , Fogle Jonathan E. , Leon Renato , Goss Caleb , Banovic Frane 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous administration of interleukin (IL)‐31 in healthy dogs has been used as a model to assess antipruritic drugs. However, there is no known in‐depth characterisation of pruritic behaviours, and the repeatability of the IL‐31‐induced pruritus in the individual dogs is currently unknown.ObjectivesTo evaluate the immediate/delayed pruritus responses and the pruritic behaviours observed in the IL‐31‐induced pruritic model in healthy dogs after repeated IL‐31 injections.AnimalsFifteen healthy laboratory beagles.MethodsAll dogs were video‐recorded for 270 min after two intravenous recombinant IL‐31 injections (1.75 μg/kg) and vehicle (phosphate‐buffered saline, control) injections, respectively; interventions were randomised and performed with a 2 week wash‐out period. Two blinded investigators reviewed the pruritic behaviours of all video recordings.ResultsBoth canine IL‐31 (IL‐31_01, IL‐31_02) injections significantly increased pruritic seconds and categorical minutes (‘YES’/‘NO’ behaviour per discrete 1 min interval) in healthy dogs compared with both vehicle groups (Vehicle_01, Vehicle_02). The second intravenous canine IL‐31 (IL‐31_02) administered 14 days after the first IL‐31 injection induced a significant increase in pruritic seconds (p = 0.021) and not pruritic categorical minutes (p = 0.231). An increase in pruritic seconds was observed in both IL‐31 groups in the first 30 min post‐administration, while there was no significant difference between IL‐31 and vehicle groups.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceIn conclusion, intravenous IL‐31 reproducibly induces itch responses in dogs. Future evaluations of the canine IL‐31 pruritic model should assess total pruritic behaviours in seconds rather than using a biased ‘YES/NO’ behaviour per 1 min scoring system.
Mather's regions of instability for annulus diffeomorphisms
Authors: Addas‐Zanata Salvador , Tal Fábio Armando 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLet be a diffeomorphism of the closed annulus that preserves orientation and the boundary components, and be a lift of to its universal covering space. Assume that is a Birkhoff region of instability for , and the rotation set of is a nondegenerate interval. Then there exists an open ‐invariant essential annulus whose frontier intersects both boundary components of , and points and in , such that the positive (resp., negative) orbit of converges to a set contained in the upper (resp., lower) boundary component of and the positive (resp., negative) orbit of converges to a set contained in the lower (resp., upper) boundary component of . This extends a celebrated result originally proved by Mather in the context of area‐preserving twist diffeomorphisms.
The physiology of coordination: self‐resolving diverse affinities via the sparse order in relevant noise
Authors: Bacigalupi J. Augustus , Favareau Donald 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLiving systems at any given moment enact a very constrained set of end‐directed and contextually appropriate actions that are self‐initiated from among innumerable possible alternatives. However, these constrained actions are not necessarily because the system has reduced its sensitivities to themselves and their surroundings. Quite the contrary, living systems are continually open to novel and unanticipated stimulations that require a physiology of coordination. To address these competing demands, this paper offers a novel heuristic model informed by neuroscience, systems theory, biology and sign study to explain how organisms situated in diverse, complex and ever‐changing environments might draw upon the sparse order made available by ‘relevant noise’. This emergent order facilitates coordination, habituation and, ultimately, understanding of the world and its relevant affordances. Inspired by the burgeoning field of coordination dynamics and physiologist Denis Noble's concept of ‘biological relativity’, this model proposes a view of coordination on the neuronal level that is neither sequential nor stochastic, but instead implements a causal logic of phasic alignment, such that an organism's learned and inherited sets of diverse biological affinities and sympathies can be resolved into a continuous and complex range of patterns that will implement the kind of novel orientations and radical generativity required of such organisms to adaptively explore their environments and to learn from their experiences.
image
fosA11
, a novel chromosomal-encoded fosfomycin resistance gene identified in
Providencia rettgeri
Authors: Lu Wei , Zhou Shihan , Ma Xueli , Xu Nuo , Liu Dongxin , Zhang Keqing , Zheng Yongke , Wu Shenghai 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

This study investigated resistance genes corresponding to the fosfomycin resistance phenotype in clinical isolate
Providencia rettgeri
W986, as well as characterizing the enzymatic activity of FosA11 and the genetic environment. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the agar microdilution method based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The whole genomic sequence of
Providencia rettgeri
W986 was obtained using Illumina sequencing and the PacBio platform. The
fosA-11
gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into the pUCP20 vector. The recombinant strain pCold1-
fosA11
-BL21 was expressed to extract the target protein, and absorbance photometry was applied for enzymatic parameter determination. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests showed that W986 conferred fosfomycin resistance and was inhibited by phosphonoformate, thereby indicating the presence of a FosA protein. A novel resistance gene designated as
fosA11
was identified by whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, and it shared 54.41%–64.23% amino acid identity with known FosA proteins. Cloning
fosA11
into
Escherichia coli
obtained a significant increase (32-fold) in the MIC with fosfomycin. Determination of the enzyme kinetics showed that FosA11 had a high catalytic effect on fosfomycin, with

K
m

= 18 ± 4 and
K
cat
= 56.1 ± 3.2. We also found that
fosA11
was located on the chromosome, but the difference in the GC content between the chromosome and
fosA11
was dubious, and thus further investigation is required. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel fosfomycin inactivation enzyme called FosA11. The origin and prevalence of the
fosA11
gene in other bacteria require further investigation.

IMPORTANCE

Fosfomycin is an effective antimicrobial agent against Enterobacterales strains. However, the resistance rate of fosfomycin is increasing year by year. Therefore, it is necessary to study the deep molecular mechanism of bacterial resistance to fosfomycin. We identified a novel chromosomal fosfomycin glutathione S-transferase, FosA11 from
Providencia rettgeri
, which shares a very low identity (54.41%–64.23%) with the previously known FosA and exhibits highly efficient catalytic ability against fosfomycin. Analysis of the genetic context and origin of
fosA11
displays that the gene and its surrounding environments are widely conserved in
Providencia
and no mobile elements are discovered, implying that FosA11 may be broadly important in the natural resistance to fosfomycin of
Providencia
species.
Yoga therapy on elderly patients with fear of fall: an open-label randomised controlled trial (YOFEAR trial)
Authors: Kashyap Kritartha , Dhar Minakshi , Bisht Khushboo , Bahurupi Yogesh , Pathania Monika 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionFear of fall is experienced by the elderly irrespective of the presence or absence of history of fall. Falls contribute to injuries that culminate in hospitalisation that incur unwarranted medical expenses. Yoga is unique to Indian cultural practices, with a potential to enhance proprioception. It increases self-body awareness, ultimately improving the balancing capacity of older adults. Thus, the objective of this study is to compare the effect of yoga therapy in the study and control groups at 12 weeks from the baseline.Methods and analysisThis study is designed as an open-label, randomised controlled trial (1:1) with a sample size of 62 elderly patients more than or equal to 60 years of age. Participation of either sex, male or female with a fear of fall will be considered. Two randomised groups of 31 participants each will receive standard therapy for their primary diseases as per the local, national or international guidelines. However, participants in the intervention arm will receive additional structured yoga therapy sessions. The primary objective of this study is to assess and compare the change in fear of fall score of participants in each group using Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) at 12 weeks versus baseline. The secondary endpoint will assess the change in the quality of life of participants at 3 months compared with the baseline.Data will be gathered, entered into Microsoft Excel and further analysed by R software (V.4.3.0). Changes in FES-Intervention and BBS of two groups will be compared either by Student’s t-test for parametric data or Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric data. Statistical significance will be considered if p<0.05 at 95% confidence level.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study protocol (version 1.0, 22 April 2022) was obtained from the institute ethics committee (AIIMS/IEC/22/195).Trial registration numberCTRI/2022/06/043287.
A Liouville theorem and radial symmetry for dual fractional parabolic equations
Authors: Guo Yahong , Ma Lingwei , Zhang Zhenqiu 
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we first study the dual fractional parabolic equation [Formula: see text] subjected to the vanishing exterior condition. We show that for each [Formula: see text], the positive bounded solution [Formula: see text] must be radially symmetric and strictly decreasing about the origin in the unit ball in [Formula: see text]. To overcome the challenges caused by the dual nonlocality of the operator [Formula: see text], some novel techniques were introduced. Then we establish the Liouville theorem for the homogeneous equation in the whole space [Formula: see text] We first prove a maximum principle in unbounded domains for antisymmetric functions to deduce that [Formula: see text] must be constant with respect to [Formula: see text] Then it suffices for us to establish the Liouville theorem for the Marchaud fractional equation [Formula: see text] To circumvent the difficulties arising from the nonlocal and one-sided nature of the operator [Formula: see text], we bring in some new ideas and simpler approaches. Instead of disturbing the antisymmetric function, we employ a perturbation technique directly on the solution [Formula: see text] itself. This method provides a more concise and intuitive way to establish the Liouville theorem for one-sided operators [Formula: see text], including even more general Marchaud time derivatives.
Popular Matchings with One-Sided Bias
Authors: Kavitha Telikepalli 
Published: December 2023

Let
G
=
(A ∪ B, E)
be a bipartite graph where the set
A
consists of agents or main players and the set
B
consists of jobs or secondary players. Every vertex in
A
∪
B
has a strict ranking of its neighbors. A matching
M
is
popular
if for any matching
N
, the number of vertices that prefer
M
to
N
is at least the number that prefer
N
to
M
. Popular matchings always exist in
G
since every stable matching is popular. A matching
M
is

A
-popular

if for any matching
N
, the number of
agents
(i.e., vertices in
A
) that prefer
M
to
N
is at least the number of agents that prefer
N
to
M
. Unlike popular matchings,
A
-popular matchings need not exist in a given instance
G
and there is a simple linear time algorithm to decide if
G
admits an
A
-popular matching and compute one, if so.

We consider the problem of deciding if
G
admits a matching that is both popular and
A
-popular and finding one, if so. We call such matchings
fully popular
. A fully popular matching is useful when
A
is the more important side—so along with overall popularity, we would like to maintain “popularity within the set
A
”. A fully popular matching is not necessarily a min-size/max-size popular matching and all known polynomial-time algorithms for popular matching problems compute either min-size or max-size popular matchings. Here we show a linear time algorithm for the fully popular matching problem, thus our result shows a new tractable subclass of popular matchings.
Suspicious Gifts and Speculative Translations: Colonial and Semicolonial Encounters between English and Persian
Authors: Sarlati Niloofar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis essay studies an emerging discourse on forms of exchange in mid- to late nineteenth-century Iran, both in national economic practices and international concessions. As the system of economic exchange is transforming in conversation with “foreign” forms and terms of exchange, the signifiers used to arrange those forms of exchange are also reshuffled in this context. Evoking different imperial powers and different languages—rather than one particular power or one particular language—this comparative discourse on economic modernity is marked by a palpable sense of ambiguity caused by the semicolonial condition of nineteenth-century Iran, which in turn complicates notions of “translatability” and “untranslatability,” introducing what the author calls a speculative category of “would-be translations.” Speculative translations in this semicolonial context uniquely reveal how miscategorization and misnaming are part of the structure of modern codification of exchange with universal ambitions. The essay thus argues that the two main avenues of colonial encounter—namely, economic exchange and translation—are necessarily ambiguous. Always suspicious and speculative, economic exchange and translation circularly feed into each other’s ambiguities in this semicolonial context.
Salīm Barakāt’s Weird Ecology
Authors: Olszok Charis 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article suggests a marked ecological consciousness within the Arabic novel and its experimental poetics, reading the Kurdish-Syrian author Salīm Barakāt’s debut novel Fuqahāʾ al-ẓalām (1985; Sages of Darkness) through the lens of dark, uncanny ecology. Through its strange, disquieting occurrences, described as “warps” and “mutations,” to the human and nonhuman, the novel both critiques the ethnic displacement of the Kurdish population and expresses unease over changing relationships to material land. This is rooted in its critique of the structuring frameworks of human thought, dismantled through unexpected syntactic shifts, uncomfortable imagery, and ever-strange plot, anchored in the weird interpenetration of human and nonhuman.
Comparative study of spectral sensitivity, irradiance sensitivity, spatial resolution and temporal resolution in the visual systems of Ocypode quadrata and Aratus pisonii
Authors: Qian Ruchao , Frank Tamara M. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Early pioneering studies by Autrum on terrestrial arthropods first revealed that the visual systems of arthropods reflected their lifestyles and habitats. Subsequent studies have examined and confirmed Autrum's hypothesis that visual adaptions are driven by predator–prey interactions and activity cycles, with rapidly moving predatory diurnal species generally possessing better temporal resolution than slower moving nocturnal species. However, few studies have compared the vision between diurnal herbivores and nocturnal predators. In this study, the visual physiology of a nocturnal fast-moving predatory crab, the Atlantic ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata) and a diurnal herbivorous crab, the mangrove tree crab (Aratus pisonii), was examined. Spectral sensitivity, irradiance sensitivity and temporal resolution of the crabs were quantified using the electroretinogram (ERG), while the spatial resolution was calculated utilizing morphological methods. Both O. quadrata and A. pisonii had a single dark-adapted spectral sensitivity peak (494 and 499 nm, respectively) and chromatic adaptation had no effect on their spectral sensitivity, indicating that both species have monochromatic visual systems. The temporal resolution of O. quadrata was not significantly different from that of A. pisonii, but O. quadrata did possess a significantly greater spatial resolution and irradiance sensitivity. Both species possess an acute zone in the anterior region of their eyes. The data presented in this study will aid in the current understanding of the correlation between visual physiology and the life history of the animal.
Η χρήση των συλλογισμών Modus Ponens και Modus Tollens από φοιτητές Φυσικών Επιστημών και η συσχέτισή τους με λογικές πλάνες
Authors: Γκέβρου Μαρία , Σταυροπούλου Γεωργία , Βαϊοπούλου Γιούλη , Σταμοβλάσης Δημήτριος 
Published: December 2023

Στην εργασία αυτή παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα μια πιλοτικής έρευνας που εξετάζει την χρήση των συλλογισμών Modus Ponens και Modus Tollens από φοιτητές φυσικών επιστημών. Τα δεδομένα συλλέχθηκαν στο πλαίσιο του μαθήματος μεθοδολογίας της έρευνας μέσω ερωτηματολογίου (Rijmen & Boeck, 2003). Εφαρμόστηκε ανάλυση κατά συστάδες για την ανάδειξη διακριτών προφίλ με βάση τις απαντήσεις, από την οποία προέκυψαν τρεις ομάδες (Clusters/Προφίλ). Τα τρία προφίλ αντιστοιχούν σε μία ιεραρχική διαβάθμιση σε σχέση με την ορθότητα των απαντήσεων και ακολούθως συσχετίσθηκαν με τις απαντήσεις σε ερωτήσεις που ανίχνευαν λογικές πλάνες. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι η σωστή χρήση των συλλογισμών Modus Ponens και Modus Tollens συσχετίζεται αρνητικά με την εμφάνιση λογικής πλάνης. Τα ευρήματα της έρευνας αφορούν και συζητούνται στο πλαίσιο της διδακτικής των μαθημάτων μεθοδολογίας επιστημονικής έρευνας.
The SciArt project: Προωθώντας δεξιότητες του 21ου αιώνα μέσω μιας συμπεριληπτικής προσέγγισης STEAM για την πολιτιστική κληρονομιά
Authors: Σοφιανίδης Άγγελος , Τσαλίκη Χριστίνα , Μαλλετζίδου Λαμπρινή , Πετρίδου Ελένη , Σπύρτου Άννα , Μολοχίδης Αναστάσιος 
Published: December 2023

Το έργο SciArt θα αναπτύξει το θεωρητικό πλαίσιο της προσέγγισης SciArt σε ένα ηλεκτρονικό βιβλίο - επεκτείνοντας την υπάρχουσα βιβλιογραφία και τις τρέχουσες πρακτικές STEAM, με ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στην Πολιτιστική Κληρονομιά, την εθνική και ευρωπαϊκή ταυτότητα, τη σύνδεση μεταξύ των αρχαιομετρικών μεθόδων και της σχολικής επιστήμης, τη χρήση των τέχνεργων για την κατασκευή αφηγήσεων ταυτότητας και την ένταξη. Στο πλαίσιο του έργου θα αναπτυχθεί ένα ηλεκτρονικό βιβλίο που θα απευθύνεται σε εκπαιδευτικούς και θα περιλαμβάνει εκπαιδευτικούς πόρους με τη μορφή προτεινόμενων δραστηριοτήτων καθώς και μια διαδικτυακή πλατφόρμα με στόχο τη διευκόλυνση της εφαρμογής των δραστηριοτήτων. Στη συνέχεια, θα πραγματοποιηθεί κατάρτιση εκπαιδευτικών Πρωτοβάθμιας και Δευτεροβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης στην Κύπρο, στην Ελλάδα και στην Πορτογαλία, οι οποίοι θα κληθούν να εφαρμόσουν την πρόταση στα σχολεία τους. Τέλος, μεγάλος αριθμός εκπαιδευτικών θα ενημερωθεί για την προσέγγιση SciArt, σε συνεργασία με τα Μουσεία που συμμετέχουν στο έργο ως εταίροι.
Επισκόπηση και ανάλυση σύγχρονων δημοσιευμένων εφαρμογών για τη διδασκαλία της Φυσικής υπό το πρίσμα του καθολικού σχεδιασμού για τη μάθηση
Authors: Πετροπούλου Αντιγόνη , Στυλιανίδου Νάγια , Σοφιανίδης Άγγελος 
Published: December 2023

Η παρούσα εργασία επιδιώκει να διερευνήσει κατά πόσο βέλτιστες πρακτικές στη διδασκαλία της Φυσικής που έχουν δημοσιευθεί ως άρθρα εφαρμογών σε έγκριτο διεθνές επιστημονικό περιοδικό με έμφαση στη δημοσίευση καλών πρακτικών, ανταποκρίνονται στο γενικότερο αίτημα και την ανάγκη για ένταξη πιο συμπεριληπτικών πρακτικών στη διδασκαλία και τη μάθηση. Για το σκοπό αυτό αναλύθηκαν 19 δημοσιευμένα άρθρα στο επιστημονικό περιοδικό Physics Teacher που αφορούν διδακτικούς σχεδιασμούς και προτάσεις για την διδασκαλία της Φυσικής στη Δευτεροβάθμια Εκπαίδευση, υπό το πρίσμα του Καθολικού Σχεδιασμού για τη Μάθηση (ΚαΣΜα). Η ανάλυση των άρθρων έγινε με χρήση των Κατευθυντήριων Οδηγιών του ΚαΣΜα και τα αποτελέσματα της ανάλυσης έγιναν αντικείμενο στατιστικής επεξεργασίας. Τα αποτελέσματα αναδεικνύουν ισχυρά και αδύναμα σημεία των πρακτικών αυτών, που με τη σειρά τους φανερώνουν την ανάγκη για διαμόρφωση πιο συμπεριληπτικών πρακτικών στη διδασκαλία και τη μάθηση της Φυσικής στη Δευτεροβάθμια Εκπαίδευση καθώς και την ανάγκη να δοθεί μεγαλύτερη έμφαση στην χρήση συμπεριληπτικών πλαισίων σχεδιασμού, όπως του ΚαΣΜα, για το σχεδιασμό περιβαλλόντων μάθησης χωρίς αποκλεισμούς στις Φυσικές Επιστήμες.