bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method for simultaneous estimation of α‐Amyrin, Betulin, and β‐Sitosterol in Leptadenia reticulata and Marsdenia tenacissima
Authors: Robert Sahaya Mercy Jaquline , Aeri Vidhu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHigh‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC), a top‐notch technique in the field of analysis, is quite irreplaceable when it comes to identifying and standardizing medicinal plants. Marsdenia tenacissima and Leptadenia reticulata have claimed traditional uses like anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐depressant, hepatoprotection, etc., with few similar phytoconstituents. In this study, a precise and validated HPTLC densitometric method was developed for the identification of α‐amyrin, β‐sitosterol, and betulin in the above‐mentioned plants by static maceration with ethanol and aqueous‐ethanol extracts. The developed method was evaluated by linearity, range, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, robustness, and specificity. The markers were subjected to ascending development with toluene: ethyl acetate: glacial acetic acid at a ratio of 8:1.5:0.5 v/v/v, air‐dried, and derivatized with anisaldehyde‐sulfuric acid. The retardation factor values of the markers were found to be 0.63 (α‐amyrin), 0.52 (β‐sitosterol), and 0.64 (betulin) for L. reticulata, and 0.55 (α‐amyrin), 0.45 (β‐sitosterol), and 0.57 (betulin) for M. tenacissima. The chromatographic results suggest that the developed method suits all three markers and can be simultaneously identified in both plants.
Comparative physiological response of filamentous cyanobacteria Phormidium tenue and Leptolyngbya lignicola under chromium (VI) stress
Authors: Mishra Prateeksha , Panda Bhabatarini 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNumerous technologies for cleaning the environment without producing hazardous waste products have arisen in response to the rise in environmental pollution. Industrialization and the growing population have put society to a hard test. Continuous discharge of heavy metals (chromium, nickel, copper, mercury etc.) in water bodies is increasing by anthropogenic activities; these cause bio accumulation and shift towards a resistant microbial community. These hazardous metals enter the human body through water and food, creating a slew of health issues. Chromium (VI) is one such toxic pollutant and is more toxic than chromium (III). Several environment‐friendly technologies have been developed for decontaminating wastewater by using microorganisms. Microalgae, cyanobacteria, bacteria and fungi are used for heavy metals eradication from the water due to their metal tolerance, bioaccumulation and biotransformation capacity. In this study two cyanobacteria strains were compared for their physiological response and metal tolerance for Cr (VI) stress. Leptolyngbya lignicola and Phormidium tenue were grown in a medium containing various concentrations of chromium (1 ppm, 2 ppm, 3 ppm, 4 ppm, 5 ppm, and 10 ppm), and biochemical parameters (chlorophyll, carotenoids, protein, proline, amino acid, carbohydrate, reducing sugar and lipid content) were measured. The findings revealed that P. tenue was more sensitive to metal stress than L. lignicola. P. tenue showed a decreasing trend for all biochemical parameters except proline at higher ad lower doses of Cr (VI) stress. However L. lignicola showed an increase in biomass (6.09%) and other biochemical parameters over control at lower metal stress concentration (1 ppm), whereas, a gradual decrease in all parameters except proline was observed at higher concentrations. Further L. lignicola showing high tolerance index can be preferred for metal remediation from the water bodies of heavy metal contaminated area.
Environmental impact of quarrying on air quality in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Okafor Odera Chukwumaijem , Njoku Chima , Akwuebu Anselem Nwabuaku 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe insatiable demand for rock supplies has enticed numerous building and construction enterprises to participate in stone quarrying. This paper examines the environmental impact of quarrying on air quality in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. To achieve the main aim of the study, an objective was set to detect air pollutants at the quarry sites. A total of 220 air samples were measured from six points around the quarry locations and recorded in situ for analysis. The samples were measured three times a day (morning, afternoon, and evening) for three days. Gas monitors were used to monitor air pollutants. The generated data were subjected to completely random design (CRD) sampling techniques. The separation of means and tests was performed using Fisher's Least Significant Difference (FLSD) at a significance probability level of 5%. Based on statistical analysis, the findings detected significantly higher concentration levels of particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorine, volatile organic compounds, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide in the quarry areas than the value detected in the control area. The findings also confirmed higher noise levels in the locations. It was also observed that the concentration levels of the parameters differed from point to point and at different times of the day. This really means the occurrence of a high rate of air pollution in the study locations. Based on the above findings, it is highly recommended that air pollution control equipment be installed at quarry sites in order to reduce gaseous (pollutant) emissions.
Generalized free energy and dynamical state transition of the dyonic AdS black hole in the grand canonical ensemble
Authors: Liu Conghua , Li Ran , Zhang Kun , Wang Jin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We study the generalized free energy of the dyonic AdS black hole in an ensemble with varying electric charge qE and fixed magnetic charge qM. When we adjust the temperature T and the electric potential ΦE of the ensemble, the Ricci scalar curvature R and electromagnetic potential Au usually diverge at the horizon. We regularize them and incorporate the off-shell corrections into the Einstein-Hilbert action. Alternatively, we find that the off-shell corrections can also be obtained by adding a boundary near the horizon to exclude the singularities. Ultimately, we derive the generalized free energy which is consistent with the definition of the thermodynamic relations. Based on the generalized free energy landscape, we can describe the dynamics of state transition as a stochastic process quantified by the Langevin equation. The path integral framework can be formulated to derive the time-dependent trajectory of the order parameter and the time evolution of the transition probability. By comparing the probability with the result of the classical master equation, we attribute the contribution to the probability of one pseudomolecule or antipseudomolecule (the instanton and anti-instanton pairs) to the rate of state transition. These results are consistent with the qualitative analysis of the free energy landscape.
On spinning strings in I-brane background
Authors: Biswas Sagar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe revisit semiclassical strings, in particular we focus on rigidly rotating strings, in the near horizon geometry of two orthogonal stacks of NS5-branes (I-branes) using the string sigma model. We determine the conserved charges for the probe string moving in the resulting ℝt×$$ {S}_{\theta_1}^3 $$Sθ13×$$ {S}_{\theta_2}^3 $$Sθ23background supported by NS-NS two-forms and find a regularized dispersion relation for different values of integration constants. Using configurations that move simultaneously on both spheres, we obtain the giant magnon like dispersion relation for one particular set of parameters, while other consistent set of values gives us a dispersion relation reminiscent of the single spike.
De Sitter vacua — when are ‘subleading corrections’ really subleading?
Authors: Bento Bruno Valeixo , Chakraborty Dibya , Parameswaran Susha , Zavala Ivonne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We consider various string-loop, warping and curvature corrections that are expected to appear in type IIB moduli stabilisation scenarios. It has recently been argued, in the context of strongly-warped LVS de Sitter vacua, that it is impossible to achieve parametric suppression in all of these corrections simultaneously [1]. We investigate corrections in the context of the recently discovered weakly-warped LVS de Sitter vacua, which represent a distinct branch of solutions in type IIB flux compactifications. The weakly-warped solution is supported by small conifold flux numbers MK ≲ 32, but still requires a large flux contribution to the D3-tadpole, now from the bulk. Warping corrections become less problematic, and some corrections even help to reach the weakly-warped regime of parameter space. Other corrections continue to be dangerous and would require numerical coefficients to be computed — and found to be small — in order not to destroy the consistency of the weakly-warped LVS de Sitter solution. We motivate why this may be possible.
An effective field theory for non-maximal quantum chaos
Authors: Gao Ping , Liu Hong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In non-maximally quantum chaotic systems, the exponential behavior of out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) results from summing over exchanges of an infinite tower of higher “spin” operators. We construct an effective field theory (EFT) to capture these exchanges in (0 + 1) dimensions. The EFT generalizes the one for maximally chaotic systems, and reduces to it in the limit of maximal chaos. The theory predicts the general structure of OTOCs both at leading order in the 1/N expansion (N is the number of degrees of freedom), and after resuming over an infinite number of higher order 1/N corrections. These general results agree with those previously explicitly obtained in specific models. We also show that the general structure of the EFT can be extracted from the large q SYK model.
Radiative neutrino masses and the Cohen-Kaplan-Nelson bound
Authors: Adolf Patrick , Hirsch Martin , Päs Heinrich 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recently, an increasing interest in UV/IR mixing phenomena has drawn attention to the range of validity of standard quantum field theory. Here we explore the consequences of such a limited range of validity in the context of radiative models for neutrino mass generation. We adopt an argument first published by Cohen, Kaplan and Nelson that gravity implies both UV and IR cutoffs, apply it to the loop integrals describing radiative corrections, and demonstrate that this effect has significant consequences for the parameter space of radiative neutrino mass models.
Optimality of the Decay Estimate of Solutions to the Linearised Curl-Free Compressible Navier–Stokes Equations
Authors: Iwabuchi Tsukasa , Ó hAodha Dáithí 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe discuss optimal estimates of solutions to the compressible Navier–Stokes equations in Besov norms. In particular, we consider the estimate of the curl-free part of the solution to the linearised equations, in the homogeneous case. We prove that our estimate is optimal in the $$L^\infty $$

L
∞

-norm by showing that the norm is bounded from below by the same decay rate.
Defining an ‘Epidemiological Risk Index’ to analyse COVID-19 mortality across European regions
Authors: Arauzo-Carod Josep-Maria , Giménez-Gómez José-Manuel , Llop Maria 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe spread and severity of COVID-19 within the European regions have been highly heterogeneous, with significant differences in both the number of infected persons and mortality across regions. This paper improves the weak ability of welfare variables, such as the HDI, to explain COVID-19 mortality. We propose a novel ‘Epidemiological Risk Index’, including environmental quality, global interaction, health system infrastructure, and population characteristics, which provides a better explanation of pandemic mortality in European regions. We deal with spatial interdependence in COVID-19 mortality by using spatial lagged covariates and Geographical Weighted Regressions. The findings in this study call attention to the influence of epidemiological factors in addition to purely development factors in explaining the severity of COVID-19.
Review of improvement of machinability and surface integrity in machining on aluminum alloys
Authors: Pimenov Danil Yu , Kiran Maitri , Khanna Navneet , Pintaude Giuseppe , Vasco Marina Cardozo , da Silva Leonardo Rosa Ribeiro , Giasin Khaled 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAluminum alloys are widely used in many industries, including aerospace, automotive, civil, and electrical engineering. When compared to pure aluminum, most aluminum alloys have lower electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and weldability, as well as a low density and specific gravity. At the same time, the properties of aluminum alloys vary significantly depending on the group, which has a significant impact on their machinability. This review article is focused on the study of machining characteristics of aluminum alloys, such as machinability, surface integrity, tool wear and tool life, material removal rate (MRR), and chip morphology. The directions of increasing machinability by controlling cutting parameters, cutting environment, such as dry machining, conventional cooling systems, minimum quantity of lubricant (MQL), cryogenic lubrication (CL), with tool geometry, and textured tools, are also considered; tool materials include coating, vibration, thermally, and hybrid assisted machining. The article discusses the main types of machining, namely, turning, milling, drilling, and grinding. It shows ways to increase the machinability of machining on aluminum alloys, as well as the advantages and disadvantages. From the literature, it can be concluded that tool wear when machining aluminum alloys is 30–40% lower than when machining steel alloys due to their higher ductility and lower strength. Surface integrity, affected by the cutting parameters and cutting temperatures — which can reach between 200 and 400 °C — can vary by up to 15% in hardness and 20% in surface roughness. Cutting tool characteristics can enhance surface finish by up to 25% and extend tool life, reducing edge formation by up to 30%. Chip morphology, influenced by factors such as cutting parameters and tool material, can improve tool life by up to 35%. Vibration techniques can reduce thermal effects and improve surface finish by up to 40%, reducing cutting forces by around 30%.
Comments and corrections to: “Ellipsoidal spectral properties of the Earth’s gravitational potential and its first and second derivatives” by Bölling and Grafarend (2005) in J. Geod. 79(6-7):300-330
Authors: Šprlák Michal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this contribution, we comment on and thoroughly identify errors which occur in the research article titled “Ellipsoidal spectral properties of the Earth’s gravitational potential and its first and second derivatives” by Bölling and Grafarend (2005) published in J.Geod. 79(6-7):300-330. The major issues affecting the main theoretical results by Bölling and Grafarend (J Geod 79(6-7):300-330, 2005) are as follows: (1) The tangential-tangential tensor spherical harmonics are not orthogonal for different harmonic degrees and the same harmonic orders. Consequently, the corresponding solution of the spherical gradiometric boundary value problem and the spherical integral formulas relating the tangential-tangential components of the incremental gravity gradient tensor are invalid. (2) The tangential-tangential, tangential-shear, tangential-dilation, tangential-normal, and normal-normal tensor ellipsoidal harmonics are not orthogonal for different harmonic degrees and the same harmonic orders. As a result, the solutions of the ellipsoidal gradiometric boundary value problems and the ellipsoidal integral formulas transforming the components of the incremental gravity gradient tensor among themselves are incorrect.
A fluorogenic micrococcal nuclease-based probe for fast detection and optical imaging of Staphylococcus aureus in prosthetic joint and fracture-related infections
Authors: Schoenmakers Jorrit W.A. , López‑Álvarez Marina , IJpma Frank F.A. , Wouthuyzen-Bakker Marjan , McNamara James O. , van Oosten Marleen , Jutte Paul C. , van Dijl Jan Maarten 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common and impactful multi-drug resistant pathogen implicated in (periprosthetic) joint infections (PJI) and fracture-related infections (FRI). Therefore, the present proof-of-principle study was aimed at the rapid detection of S. aureus in synovial fluids and biofilms on extracted osteosynthesis materials through bacteria-targeted fluorescence imaging with the ‘smart-activatable’ DNA-based AttoPolyT probe. This fluorogenic oligonucleotide probe yields large fluorescence increases upon cleavage by micrococcal nuclease, an enzyme secreted by S. aureus.

Methods
Synovial fluids from patients with suspected PJI and extracted osteosynthesis materials from trauma patients with suspected FRI were inspected for S. aureus nuclease activity with the AttoPolyT probe. Biofilms on osteosynthesis materials were imaged with the AttoPolyT probe and a vancomycin-IRDye800CW conjugate (vanco-800CW) specific for Gram-positive bacteria.

Results
38 synovial fluid samples were collected and analyzed. Significantly higher fluorescence levels were measured for S. aureus-positive samples compared to, respectively, other Gram-positive bacterial pathogens (p < 0.0001), Gram-negative bacterial pathogens (p = 0.0038) and non-infected samples (p = 0.0030), allowing a diagnosis of S. aureus-associated PJI within 2 h. Importantly, S. aureus-associated biofilms on extracted osteosynthesis materials from patients with FRI were accurately imaged with the AttoPolyT probe, allowing their correct distinction from biofilms formed by other Gram-positive bacteria detected with vanco-800CW within 15 min.

Conclusion
The present study highlights the potential clinical value of the AttoPolyT probe for fast and accurate detection of S. aureus infection in synovial fluids and biofilms on extracted osteosynthesis materials.
Prolactin levels in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Selzer Clara , Ott Johannes , Dewailly Didier , Marculescu Rodrig , Steininger Johanna , Hager Marlene 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is due to hypothalamic dysregulation. Literature lacks data about prolactin in FHA women, although both prolactin levels and FHA are associated with stress. Moreover, polycystic ovarian morphology is common in FHA and there is an association between FHA and polycystic ovary syndrome. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess prolactin levels in FHA patients and controls with a special focus on factors influencing prolactin levels, that could be considered as “sensors” of the hypothalamic–pituitary dysregulation.

Methods
In a retrospective cohort study, 140 women with clearly defined FHA were compared to 70 healthy, normally ovulating women matched for age. The main outcome parameter was prolactin. Factors associated with prolactin levels > 12 µg/L were tested using a multivariable binary logistic regression model.

Results
The median prolactin level was 11.5 µg/L (interquartile range, IQR 7.5–14.4), which was similar to the control group (median 10.7, IQR 8.3–14.5; p = 0.065). Only two women had hyperprolactinemia (prolactin > 25 µg/L; 1.4%). In a multivariable binary logistic regression model eating disorder (odds ratio, OR 0.206; p = 0.040), excessive exercise (OR 0.280; p = 0.031) and TSH (OR 1.923; p = 0.020) were significantly associated with prolactin levels > 12 µg/L.

Conclusion
Women with FHA have similar prolactin levels to healthy age-matched individuals. Eating disorders and excessive exercise where associated with prolactin levels < 12 µg/L, in contrast to TSH.
Grapevine woody tissues accumulate stilbenoids following bud burst
Authors: Noronha Henrique , Silva Angélica , Garcia Virginie , Billet Kévin , Dias Alberto C. P. , Lanoue Arnaud , Gallusci Philippe , Gerós Hernâni 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Main conclusion
After bud burst, a transcriptional reprogramming of the shikimate and phenylpropanoid pathways occurs in grapevine canes resulting in the accumulation of stilbenoids like resveratrol and viniferin.

Abstract
Stilbenoids are phenylpropanoid compounds with important biological properties and biotechnological applications that are synthesized in grapevine in response to different stresses. Although they are found in woody tissues, such as canes and buds, their biosynthesis and accumulation have been essentially described in berries. We have previously shown that transcripts encoding secondary metabolism enzymes accumulate in grapevine canes following the transition from dormancy (E-L 1) to bud burst (E-L 4) suggesting that secondary metabolites may accumulate in grapevine canes during this transition. In the present study, using UPLC-MS we demonstrate the accumulation of important metabolites such as ferulic acid and the stilbenoids E-resveratrol, E-piceatannol and E-ε-viniferin. Stilbenoids accumulation correlated with the increased expression of several stilbene synthase genes and of VviMYB14, encoding a transcription factor that regulates stilbene biosynthesis. In addition, a general stimulation of the plastidial shikimate pathway was observed. Taken together, results show that important secondary metabolites accumulate in the woody canes during bud burst. These findings may aid biotechnological approaches aimed at extracting biologically active phenolic compounds, including stilbenoids, from grapevine woody tissues.