bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Outgassing in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Is Supported by Ekman Transport From the Sea Ice Zone in an Observation‐Based Seasonal Mixed‐Layer Budget
Authors: Sauvé Jade , Gray Alison R. , Prend Channing J. , Bushinsky Seth M. , Riser Stephen C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite its importance for the global cycling of carbon, there are still large gaps in our understanding of the processes driving annual and seasonal carbon fluxes in the high‐latitude Southern Ocean. This is due in part to a historical paucity of observations in this remote, turbulent, and seasonally ice‐covered region. Here, we use autonomous biogeochemical float data spanning 6 full seasonal cycles and with circumpolar coverage of the Southern Ocean, complemented by atmospheric reanalysis, to construct a monthly climatology of the mixed layer budget of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). We investigate the processes that determine the annual mean and seasonal cycle of DIC fluxes in two different zones of the Southern Ocean—the Sea Ice Zone (SIZ) and Antarctic Southern Zone (ASZ). We find that, annually, mixing with carbon‐rich waters at the base of the mixed layer supplies DIC which is, in the ASZ, either used for net biological production or outgassed to the atmosphere. In contrast, in the SIZ, where carbon outgassing and the biological pump are weaker, the surplus of DIC is instead advected northward to the ASZ. In other words, carbon outgassing in the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), which has been attributed to remineralized carbon from deep water upwelled in the ACC, is also due to the wind‐driven transport of DIC from the SIZ. These results stem from the first observation‐based carbon budget of the circumpolar Southern Ocean and thus provide a useful benchmark to evaluate climate models, which have significant biases in this region.
Fibroblasts in metastatic lymph nodes confer cisplatin resistance to ESCC tumor cells via PI16
Authors: Liang Lily , Zhang Xu , Su Xiaodong , Zeng Tingting , Suo Daqin , Yun Jingping , Wang Xin , Guan Xin-Yuan , Li Yan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough many studies have compared tumor fibroblasts (T-Fbs) and nontumor fibroblasts (N-Fbs), less is understood about the stromal contribution of metastatic lymph node fibroblasts (LN-Fbs) to the evolving microenvironment. Here, we explored the characteristics of LN-Fbs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the interactions between fibroblasts and ESCC tumor cells in metastatic lymph nodes. Fibroblasts were isolated from tumor, nontumor and metastatic lymph node tissues from different patients with ESCC. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on the fibroblasts. Tumor growth and drug-resistance assays were carried out, and characteristics of T-Fbs, N-Fbs and LN-Fbs were determined. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to assay the culture medium of fibroblasts. The results demonstrated that fibroblasts derived from different tissues had different characteristics. Coculture with LN-Fbs conditioned medium inhibited ESCC tumor cell growth and induced chemoresistance in ESCC cells. LN-Fbs induced chemoresistance to cisplatin in ESCC cells by secreting PI16. Coculture with LN-Fbs conditioned medium decreased cisplatin-induced apoptosis in ESCC cells by regulating the p38 and JNK cell signaling pathways. Survival analyses showed that patients with high PI16 expression in Fbs of lymph nodes exhibited worse overall survival. We also examined PI16 expression in interstitial tissues in ESCC tumor samples of patients receiving platinum-based therapy postsurgery and found that high PI16 expression in tumor interstitial tissues was an independent prognostic factor for ESCC patients. In addition, an in vivo assay demonstrated that PI16 knockdown increased the sensitivity of ESCC cells to cisplatin. Our results suggest that fibroblasts in metastatic lymph nodes decrease apoptosis of ESCC cells via PI16, thereby providing a cisplatin-resistance niche and supporting ESCC tumor cells to survive in metastatic lymph nodes. PI16 is also a potential target for effectively blocking the chemoresistance niche signaling circuit in response to cisplatin.
ARF1 prevents aberrant type I interferon induction by regulating STING activation and recycling
Authors: Hirschenberger Maximilian , Lepelley Alice , Rupp Ulrich , Klute Susanne , Hunszinger Victoria , Koepke Lennart , Merold Veronika , Didry-Barca Blaise , Wondany Fanny , Bergner Tim , Moreau Tatiana , Rodero Mathieu P. , Rösler Reinhild , Wiese Sebastian , Volpi Stefano , Gattorno Marco , Papa Riccardo , Lynch Sally-Ann , Haug Marte G. , Houge Gunnar , Wigby Kristen M. , Sprague Jessica , Lenberg Jerica , Read Clarissa , Walther Paul , Michaelis Jens , Kirchhoff Frank , de Oliveira Mann Carina C. , Crow Yanick J. , Sparrer Konstantin M. J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractType I interferon (IFN) signalling is tightly controlled. Upon recognition of DNA by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), stimulator of interferon genes (STING) translocates along the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi axis to induce IFN signalling. Termination is achieved through autophagic degradation or recycling of STING by retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport. Here, we identify the GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) as a crucial negative regulator of cGAS-STING signalling. Heterozygous ARF1 missense mutations cause a previously unrecognized type I interferonopathy associated with enhanced IFN-stimulated gene expression. Disease-associated, GTPase-defective ARF1 increases cGAS-STING dependent type I IFN signalling in cell lines and primary patient cells. Mechanistically, mutated ARF1 perturbs mitochondrial morphology, causing cGAS activation by aberrant mitochondrial DNA release, and leads to accumulation of active STING at the Golgi/ERGIC due to defective retrograde transport. Our data show an unexpected dual role of ARF1 in maintaining cGAS-STING homeostasis, through promotion of mitochondrial integrity and STING recycling.
Online dynamical learning and sequence memory with neuromorphic nanowire networks
Authors: Zhu Ruomin , Lilak Sam , Loeffler Alon , Lizier Joseph , Stieg Adam , Gimzewski James , Kuncic Zdenka 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNanowire Networks (NWNs) belong to an emerging class of neuromorphic systems that exploit the unique physical properties of nanostructured materials. In addition to their neural network-like physical structure, NWNs also exhibit resistive memory switching in response to electrical inputs due to synapse-like changes in conductance at nanowire-nanowire cross-point junctions. Previous studies have demonstrated how the neuromorphic dynamics generated by NWNs can be harnessed for temporal learning tasks. This study extends these findings further by demonstrating online learning from spatiotemporal dynamical features using image classification and sequence memory recall tasks implemented on an NWN device. Applied to the MNIST handwritten digit classification task, online dynamical learning with the NWN device achieves an overall accuracy of 93.4%. Additionally, we find a correlation between the classification accuracy of individual digit classes and mutual information. The sequence memory task reveals how memory patterns embedded in the dynamical features enable online learning and recall of a spatiotemporal sequence pattern. Overall, these results provide proof-of-concept of online learning from spatiotemporal dynamics using NWNs and further elucidate how memory can enhance learning.
Nanosensitizer-mediated augmentation of sonodynamic therapy efficacy and antitumor immunity
Authors: Li Yongjiang , Chen Wei , Kang Yong , Zhen Xueyan , Zhou Zhuoming , Liu Chuang , Chen Shuying , Huang Xiangang , Liu Hai-Jun , Koo Seyoung , Kong Na , Ji Xiaoyuan , Xie Tian , Tao Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe dense stroma of desmoplastic tumor limits nanotherapeutic penetration and hampers the antitumor immune response. Here, we report a denaturation-and-penetration strategy and the use of tin monosulfide nanoparticles (SnSNPs) as nano-sonosensitizers that can overcome the stromal barrier for the management of desmoplastic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). SnSNPs possess a narrow bandgap (1.18 eV), allowing for efficient electron (e−)-hole (h+) pair separation to generate reactive oxygen species under US activation. More importantly, SnSNPs display mild photothermal properties that can in situ denature tumor collagen and facilitate deep penetration into the tumor mass upon near-infrared irradiation. This approach significantly enhances sonodynamic therapy (SDT) by SnSNPs and boosts antitumor immunity. In mouse models of malignant TNBC and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the combination of robust SDT and enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration achieves remarkable anti-tumor efficacy. This study presents an innovative approach to enhance SDT and antitumor immunity using the denaturation-and-penetration strategy, offering a potential combined sono-immunotherapy approach for the cancer nanomedicine field.
Increasing ocean wave energy observed in Earth’s seismic wavefield since the late 20th century
Authors: Aster Richard C. , Ringler Adam T. , Anthony Robert E. , Lee Thomas A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOcean waves excite continuous globally observable seismic signals. We use data from 52 globally distributed seismographs to analyze the vertical component primary microseism wavefield at 14–20 s period between the late 1980s and August 2022. This signal is principally composed of Rayleigh waves generated by ocean wave seafloor tractions at less than several hundred meters depth, and is thus a proxy for near-coastal swell activity. Here we show that increasing seismic amplitudes at 3σ significance occur at 41 (79%) and negative trends occur at 3σ significance at eight (15%) sites. The greatest absolute increase occurs for the Antarctic Peninsula with respective acceleration amplitude and energy trends ( ± 3σ) of 0.037 ± 0.008 nm s−2y−1 (0.36 ± 0.08% y−1) and 4.16 ± 1.07 nm2 s−2y−1 (0.58 ± 0.15% y−1), where percentage trends are relative to historical medians. The inferred global mean near-coastal ocean wave energy increase rate is 0.27 ± 0.03% y−1 for all data and is 0.35 ± 0.04% y−1 since 1 January 2000. Strongly correlated seismic amplitude station histories occur to beyond 50∘ of separation and show regional-to-global associations with El Niño and La Niña events.
One-atom-thick hexagonal boron nitride co-catalyst for enhanced oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Lu Yizhen , Li Bixuan , Xu Na , Zhou Zhihua , Xiao Yu , Jiang Yu , Li Teng , Hu Sheng , Gong Yongji , Cao Yang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeveloping efficient (co-)catalysts with optimized interfacial mass and charge transport properties is essential for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) via electrochemical water splitting. Here we report one-atom-thick hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) as an attractive co-catalyst with enhanced OER efficiency. Various electrocatalytic electrodes are encapsulated with centimeter-sized hBN films which are dense and impermeable so that only the hBN surfaces are directly exposed to reactive species. For example, hBN covered Ni-Fe (oxy)hydroxide anodes show an ultralow Tafel slope of ~30 mV dec−1 with improved reaction current by about 10 times, reaching ~2000 mA cm−2 (at an overpotential of ~490 mV) for over 150 h. The mass activity of hBN co-catalyst is found exceeding that of commercialized catalysts by up to five orders of magnitude. Using isotope experiments and simulations, we attribute the results to the adsorption of oxygen-containing intermediates at the insulating co-catalyst, where localized electrons facilitate the deprotonation processes at electrodes. Little impedance to electron transfer is observed from hBN film encapsulation due to its ultimate thickness. Therefore, our work also offers insights into mechanisms of interfacial reactions at the very first atomic layer of electrodes.
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction to syngas using metallosalen covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Zhou Wei , Wang Xiao , Zhao Wenling , Lu Naijia , Cong Die , Li Zhen , Han Peigeng , Ren Guoqing , Sun Lei , Liu Chengcheng , Deng Wei-Qiao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetallosalen-covalent organic frameworks have recently gained attention in photocatalysis. However, their use in CO2 photoreduction is yet to be reported. Moreover, facile preparation of metallosalen-covalent organic frameworks with good crystallinity remains considerably challenging. Herein, we report a series of metallosalen-covalent organic frameworks produced via a one-step synthesis strategy that does not require vacuum evacuation. Metallosalen-covalent organic frameworks possessing controllable coordination environments of mononuclear and binuclear metal sites are obtained and act as photocatalysts for tunable syngas production from CO2. Metallosalen-covalent organic frameworks obtained via one-step synthesis exhibit higher crystallinity and catalytic activities than those obtained from two-step synthesis. The optimal framework material containing cobalt and triazine achieves a syngas production rate of 19.7 mmol g−1 h−1 (11:8 H2/CO), outperforming previously reported porous crystalline materials. This study provides a facile strategy for producing metallosalen-covalent organic frameworks of high quality and can accelerate their exploration in various applications.
Gli1 marks a sentinel muscle stem cell population for muscle regeneration
Authors: Peng Jiayin , Han Lili , Liu Biao , Song Jiawen , Wang Yuang , Wang Kunpeng , Guo Qian , Liu XinYan , Li Yu , Zhang Jujin , Wu Wenqing , Li Sheng , Fu Xin , Zhuang Cheng-le , Zhang Weikang , Suo Shengbao , Hu Ping , Zhao Yun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdult skeletal muscle regeneration is mainly driven by muscle stem cells (MuSCs), which are highly heterogeneous. Although recent studies have started to characterize the heterogeneity of MuSCs, whether a subset of cells with distinct exists within MuSCs remains unanswered. Here, we find that a population of MuSCs, marked by Gli1 expression, is required for muscle regeneration. The Gli1+ MuSC population displays advantages in proliferation and differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Depletion of this population leads to delayed muscle regeneration, while transplanted Gli1+ MuSCs support muscle regeneration more effectively than Gli1− MuSCs. Further analysis reveals that even in the uninjured muscle, Gli1+ MuSCs have elevated mTOR signaling activity, increased cell size and mitochondrial numbers compared to Gli1− MuSCs, indicating Gli1+ MuSCs are displaying the features of primed MuSCs. Moreover, Gli1+ MuSCs greatly contribute to the formation of GAlert cells after muscle injury. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that Gli1+ MuSCs represents a distinct MuSC population which is more active in the homeostatic muscle and enters the cell cycle shortly after injury. This population functions as the tissue-resident sentinel that rapidly responds to injury and initiates muscle regeneration.
Using picoliter droplet deposition to track clonal competition in adherent and organoid cancer cell cultures
Authors: Baglamis Selami , Sheraton Vivek M. , Meijer Debora , Qian Haibin , Hoebe Ron A. , Lenos Kristiaan J , Betjes Max A. , Betjes Max A. , Tans Sander , van Zon Jeroen , Vermeulen Louis , Krawczyk Przemek M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractClonal growth and competition underlie processes of key relevance in etiology, progression and therapy response across all cancers. Here, we demonstrate a novel experimental approach, based on multi-color, fluorescent tagging of cell nuclei, in combination with picoliter droplet deposition, to study the clonal dynamics in two- and three-dimensional cell cultures. The method allows for the simultaneous visualization and analysis of multiple clones in individual multi-clonal colonies, providing a powerful tool for studying clonal dynamics and identifying clonal populations with distinct characteristics. Results of our experiments validate the utility of the method in studying clonal dynamics in vitro, and reveal differences in key aspects of clonal behavior of different cancer cell lines in monoculture conditions, as well as in co-cultures with stromal fibroblasts.
Mobility gene expression differences among wild-type, Mmp20 null and Mmp20 over-expresser mice plus visualization of 3D mouse ameloblast directional movement
Authors: Shin Masashi , Matsushima Aya , Nagao Jun-ichi , Tanaka Yoshihiko , Harada Hidemitsu , Okabe Koji , Bartlett John D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEnamel forming ameloblasts move away from the dentino-enamel junction and also move relative to each other to establish enamel shape during the secretory stage of enamel development. Matrix metalloproteinase-20 (MMP20) is a tooth specific proteinase essential for proper enamel formation. We previously reported that MMP20 cleaves cadherins and may regulate ameloblast movement. Here, we used an Amelx promoter driven tdTomato reporter to label mouse ameloblasts. With these transgenic mice, we assessed ameloblast mobility group dynamics and gene expression. Three-dimensional imaging of mouse ameloblasts were observed in hemi-mandibles by using a tissue clearing technique. The three-dimensional ameloblast layer in Tg(Amelx-Mmp20) mice that overexpress MMP20 was uneven and the ameloblasts migrated away from this layer. Mouse ameloblast movement toward incisal tips was monitored by ex vivo time-lapse imaging. Gene expression related to cell migration and adhesion was analyzed in ameloblasts from wild-type mice, Mmp20−/− mice with no functional MMP20 and from Tg(Amelx-Mmp20) overexpressing mice. Gene expression was altered in Mmp20−/− and Tg(Amelx-Mmp20) mice compared to wild type. Among the genes assessed, those encoding laminins and a gap junction protein were upregulated in Mmp20−/− mice. New techniques and findings described in this study may lead to an improved understanding of ameloblast movement during enamel formation.
Attributed network embedding based on self-attention mechanism for recommendation method
Authors: Wang Shuo , Yang Jing , Shang Fanshu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNetwork embedding is a technique used to learn a low-dimensional vector representation for each node in a network. This method has been proven effective in network mining tasks, especially in the area of recommendation systems. The real-world scenarios often contain rich attribute information that can be leveraged to enhance the performance of representation learning methods. Therefore, this article proposes an attribute network embedding recommendation method based on self-attention mechanism (AESR) that caters to the recommendation needs of users with little or no explicit feedback data. The proposed AESR method first models the attribute combination representation of items and then uses a self-attention mechanism to compactly embed the combination representation. By representing users as different anchor vectors, the method can efficiently learn their preferences and reconstruct them with few learning samples. This achieves accurate and fast recommendations and avoids data sparsity problems. Experimental results show that AESR can provide personalized recommendations even for users with little explicit feedback information. Moreover, the attribute extraction of documents can effectively improve recommendation accuracy on different datasets. Overall, the proposed AESR method provides a promising approach to recommendation systems that can leverage attribute information for better performance.
Structure—yeast α-glucosidase inhibitory activity relationship of 9-O-berberrubine carboxylates
Authors: Nguyen Duy Vu , Hengphasatporn Kowit , Danova Ade , Suroengrit Aphinya , Boonyasuppayakorn Siwaporn , Fujiki Ryo , Shigeta Yasuteru , Rungrotmongkol Thanyada , Chavasiri Warinthorn 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThirty-five 9-O-berberrubine carboxylate derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for yeast α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. All compounds demonstrated better inhibitory activities than the parent compounds berberine (BBR) and berberrubine (BBRB), and a positive control, acarbose. The structure–activity correlation study indicated that most of the substituents on the benzoate moiety such as methoxy, hydroxy, methylenedioxy, benzyloxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl, nitro and alkyl can contribute to the activities except multi-methoxy, fluoro and cyano. In addition, replacing benzoate with naphthoate, cinnamate, piperate or diphenylacetate also led to an increase in inhibitory activities except with phenyl acetate. 9, 26, 27, 28 and 33 exhibited the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with the IC50 values in the range of 1.61–2.67 μM. Kinetic study revealed that 9, 26, 28 and 33 interacted with the enzyme via competitive mode. These four compounds were also proved to be not cytotoxic at their IC50 values. The competitive inhibition mechanism of these four compounds against yeast α-glucosidase was investigated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The binding free energy calculations suggest that 26 exhibited the strongest binding affinity, and its binding stability is supported by hydrophobic interactions with D68, F157, F158 and F177. Therefore, 9, 26, 28 and 33 would be promising candidates for further studies of antidiabetic activity.
Chaotic signal denoising based on energy selection TQWT and adaptive SVD
Authors: Yang Xinlu , Wang Wenbo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAiming at the problem of denoising chaotic signals with low signal-to-noise ratio and unknown dynamic system parameters, a new chaotic signal denoising algorithm is proposed, which combines adjustable Q-factor wavelet transform (TQWT) and adaptive singular value decomposition (ASVD). This method uses TQWT to decompose the noisy chaotic signal. According to the maximum wavelet entropy theory and energy threshold rule, the subband of TQWT is accurately divided into signal subband and noise subband. For noise subbands, adaptive SVD is used to denoise them, to achieve preliminary denoising. In ASVD, the standard deviation of the singular value subset is used to determine the effective reconstruction order to improve the noise suppression effect. To further remove noise in the signal subband, TQWT reconstruction is performed on the preliminarily denoised signal, and ASVD is used to denoise the reconstructed signal again to obtain the chaotic signal after secondary denoising. Chua's simulated signal and four kinds of underwater radiated noise measured by TQWT-ASVD were denoised, and compared with the SVD denoising method, TQWT denoising method, complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise and threshold denoising method (CEEMDAN-WT) and modified ensemble empirical mode decomposition combined with least squares denoising method (MEEMD-LMS), The experimental results show that the TQWT-ASVD method can reduce the noise of chaotic signals more effectively. Compared with SVD, TQWT, CEEMDAN-WT, MEEMD-LMS, and Chua's signal denoising method, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of this method increased by 23.22%, 26.46%, 18.79%, 16.11% the root mean square error (RMSE) decreased by 32.53%,39.48%, 30.96%, 27.94%, and the row entropy (PE) decreased by 40.44%, 41.96%, 22.78%, 20.59%; After reducing the radiation noise of cargo ships, the PE value of this method is reduced by 13.91%, 10.18%, 10.88%, 8.68% respectively, and the FE value is reduced by 33.66%, 31.42%, 26.98%, 21.32% respectively.