Effect of Sacubitril/Valsartan and enalapril on left ventricular function in patients with hematologic malignancies after bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Katogiannis K , Ikonomidis I , Stamouli M , Makavos G , Tsilivarakis D , Koliou G A , Vythoulkas D , Katsanaki E , Tsirigotis P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Optimizing treatment for heart failure early after initiation of chemotherapy may prevent myocardial dysfunction. We hypothesized that early initiation of treatment with sacubitril/valsartan (sac/val) or enalapril (ena) may prevent cardiotoxicity.

Patients and methods
90 patients (mean age 45.7 ± 14,1 years old, 52 male) with normal LV ejection fraction, who suffered from hematologic malignancies (lymphoma, leukemia) and underwent bone marrow transplantation, were randomized to receive sacubitril/valsartan 24/26 mg bid daily or enalapril 5 mg bid daily or placebo. We measured at baseline, before transplantation and after six months: i) Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) of left ventricle (LV) by speckle tracking imaging, ii) myocardial global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW) and myocardial global work efficiency (GWE), by longitudinal strain-peripheral blood pressure loops, and iii) Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF).

Results
The 3 treatment groups had similar age, sex, risk factors and cardiotoxic medication before and after bone marrow transplantation.
Compared to baseline, patients treated with sacubitril/valsartan or enalapril for six months did not show a deterioration of LV GLS (-19.8±2.8 vs -19.3±4.1%, p=0.403 for sac/val, -20.3±2.8 vs -20.0±3.6%, p=0.634 for ena). Conversely, patients treated with placebo for six months, presented a significant impairment of LV GLS (-20.9±2.1% vs -18.5±2.2, p=0,001).
No significant changes were found in LVEF after treatment with sacubitril/valsartan or enalapril for six months (57.5±4.9 vs 57.9±6.8%, p=0.826 for sac/val, 58.8±5.4 vs 60.7±7.1%, p=0.419, for ena), while a borderline deterioration was noticed after treatment with placebo (60.6±5.4 vs 57.7±6.7%, p=0.045). Moreover, in the sacubitril/valsartan group, we noticed a significant reduction of left ventricular end diastolic and end-systolic volume [(102.3±26.9 vs 93.9±21.5 ml, p=0.042 and 44.5±15.4 vs 38.6±9.6ml, p=0.012), respectively].
At 6 months, we did not observe any alteration in GWi, GCW, GWW, GWE in patients treated with enalapril (p&gt;0.05). Conversely, in patients treated with sacubitril/valsartan GWE was improved (94.2±3.1 vs 95.8±1.8 %, p=0.030) and GWW was reduced (111.5±75.7 vs 86.4±43.1 mmHg%, p=0.045), while GWI and GCW did not show any significant alteration. Conversely, in the placebo group, GWI was reduced (1909.9±336.4 vs 1727.9±340.9 mmHg%, p=0.027), GWW was increased (80.7±60.6 vs 110.6±65.1 mmHg%, p=0.045), GWE was also reduced (94.2±3.1 vs 95.8±1.8 %, p=0.030) and GCW did not change at 6 months.

Conclusions
Treatment with sacubitril/valsartan or enalapril prevented deterioration of myocardial function six months after bone marrow transplantation in patients with hematologic malignancies and preserved LV ejection fraction. Moreover, sacubitril/valsartan showed a more favorable effect on myocardial work.