bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of triiodothyronine treatment on pharmacokinetic properties and metabolite formation of antipyrine in dwarf goats
Authors: Offiah Veronica N. , Nijmeijer Sandra M. , van Duin Cock T. M. , Witkamp Renger F. , van Miert Adelbert S. J. P. A. M. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The influence of triiodothyronine (5 μg/kg of body weight, sc, q 12 h for 7 days) on antipyrine (ap, 25 mg/kg, iv) plasma elimination and urinary metabolite excretion was studied in castrated male dwarf goats. After triiodothyronine treatment, a significant increase in ap elimination was found. However, the observed changes in clearances for production of ap metabolites (nor-ap, 3-hydroxymethyl-ap; 4-hydroxy-ap, and 4,4′-dihydroxy-ap) do not suggest a clear selectivity of triiodothyronine toward any of the metabolic pathways of ap.
Evaluation of hemorheologic variables as implications for exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in racing Thoroughbreds
Authors: McClay Carolyn B. , Weiss Douglas J. , Smith Clark M. , Gordon Brad 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Hematologic and rheologic changes were examined in 49 Thoroughbreds before and after competitive racing. Mean postrace values for rbc count, hemoglobin concentration, and pcv increased by 58 to 61%, whereas blood viscosity increased 2 to 3 times. Postrace echinocyte numbers were 162% greater than prerace values. Smaller, but statistically significant, changes were found for mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, red cell distribution width, plasma total protein concentration, total wbc count, neutrophil count, and lymphocyte count. Variables measured did not predict whether a horse was a bleeder not treated with furosemide, a bleeder treated with furosemide, or a nonbleeder.
Effects of split-thickness and full-thickness skin grafts on secondary graft contraction in horses
Authors: Ford Troy S. , Schumacher J , Brumbaugh Gordon W. , Honnas Clifford M. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Full-thickness, circular (4-cm diameter) cutaneous wounds were created on the metacarpi and metatarsi of 6 horses. Immediately after wounding, 1 wound on each horse received a meshed, split-thickness skin graft (0.64 mm) obtained from the ventrolateral aspect of the horse's thorax by use of a pneumatic dermatome, whereas a second wound received a meshed, full-thickness skin graft obtained from the pectoral area. In addition, sections of split-thickness and full-thickness grafts were refrigerated in a solution of McCoy's 5A medium, to which equine serum (10%) and gentamicin sulfate solution (16 mg/dl) were added. Ten days after wounding, 1 granulating wound on each horse was grafted with a stored, meshed, split-thickness graft, and 1 granulating wound on each horse was grafted with a stored, meshed, full-thickness graft.
Areas of wounds were calculated from photographs taken of wounds on days 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 after wounding. Time course of contraction was determined by use of a first-order mathematic model of changes in area through time.
Rate constants of contraction for fresh or granulating wounds receiving full-thickness grafts did not differ signficantly from those for fresh or granulating wounds receiving split-thickness grafts. Rate constants of contraction for grafted fresh wounds, however, were significantly less than those of grafted granulating wounds, regardless of whether a split-thickness or full-thickness graft was applied.
Epidermal growth factor-like activity in mares’ milk
Authors: Murray Michael J. , Schaudies R. Paul , Cavey D. Michael 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Epidermal growth factor (egf)-like activity was measured in mares’ colostrum and milk by radioreceptor assay. Milk samples were collected from 22 mares 1 or more times during early lactation. Samples of colostrum were taken after parturition and before the foal first suckled (presuckle), within 6 hours after the foal first suckled (postsuckle), and on days 1, 2, 4, and 8 of lactation. In the 5 mares from which milk samples were obtained at each sampling time, presuckle colostral mean egf-like activity (17.8 ng/ml) was greatest (P < 0.05). The mean values for egf-like activity at all other sampling times were not significantly different from each other (postsuckle colostrum, 9.7 ng/ml; day 1, 9.6 ng/ml; day 2, 8.5 ng/ml; day 4, 8.0 ng/ml; day 8, 7.8 ng/ml).
Characterization of erythrocytic indices and serum iron values in healthy llamas
Authors: Weiser M. G. , Fettman M. J. , Van Houten D. , Johnson L. , Garry F. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
An electronic particle counter with attached particle-size analyzer was configured to directly determine concentration, mean cell volume, and volume distribution of erythrocytes in llama blood. Blood from 38 healthy llamas was used to characterize erythrocytic measurements and serum iron values for this species. Volume distribution curves for llama erythrocytes were similar in shape to those of other species. These curves had a unimodal, symmetric shape with a tail skewed to the right. Reference ranges for directly measured mean cell volume, erythrocyte concentration, hemoglobin concentration, and mean cell hemoglobin concentration were 21 to 28 fl, 11.3 × to 17.5 × 106 cells/μl, 12.8 to 17.6 g/dl, and 43.2 to 46.6 g/dl, respectively. Reference ranges for serum iron concentration, total iron-binding capacity, and transferrin saturation were determined to be 70 to 148 μg/dl, 230 to 370 μg/dl, and 22 to 50%, respectively.
Effect of protein source in liquid formula diets on food intake, physiologic values, and growth of equine neonates
Authors: Buffington C. A. Tony , Knight D. A. , Kohn C. W. , Madigan J. E. , Scaman P. A. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The effects of 2 liquid formula diets differing in protein source were evaluated in orphan foals. The response of 7 foals fed a diet containing casein as the protein source, and 6 foals fed a diet containing a combination of whey and casein, was compared with the response in a reference group of 8 mare-raised foals. Orphaned foals were fed 150 kcal/kg of body weight/d, divided into 6 equal feedings of 25 kcal/kg. Formula intake was comparable among the experimental groups, and foals fed the liquid formula diet grew as well as mare-raised foals. There was no difference among groups in mean daily body weight gain, wither height, heart girth, body temperature, pulse, respiration rate, capillary refill time, or skin tenting. Insulin and blood glucose concentrations increased in both groups of foals fed formula diets, returning to prefeeding values within 4 hours. Differences among groups were found for serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, cholesterol, creatinine, and glucose values; all other serum chemical values were comparable among groups. Plasma amino acid determinations revealed that arginine and ornithine were significantly lower in foals in both experimental groups than in reference foals, suggesting that arginine may have been the limiting amino acid in these diets. Diarrhea developed in foals in all treatment groups, but in most cases was self-limiting. These results suggest that the protein source of liquid formula diets may be less important in foals than in infants.
Composition and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in clinically normal adult cattle
Authors: Welles Elizabeth G. , Tyler Jeff W. , Sorjonen Don C. , Whatley Elizabeth M. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Cerebrospinal fluid and serum were obtained from 16 clinically normal adult cows (11 dairy, 5 beef). Sodium, potassium, magnesium, total protein, and albumin concentrations, osmolality, and lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activities, were quantified in csf and serum. Total and differential cell counting, protein electrophoresis, and IgG quantification were performed on csf. Statistical analyses of these variables, including mean, sem, range, and 95% confidence intervals, were performed. Effects of blood contamination were evaluated, and were found to be negligible for all measured constituents. Correction factors for csf creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities accounting for cellular contamination were developed.
Total nucleated cell count was similar to counts in csf of other species, but higher than values in healthy people. Differential leukocyte count in csf was similar to that reported in csf of other domestic animals: mostly lymphocytes, fewer monocytoid cells, and scant neutrophils.
Cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration was higher than concentration reported for dogs, goats, and people, but was similar to values reported for horses. Beef cows had higher csf total protein concentration than did dairy cows; also, beef cows had higher csf γ-globulin concentration.
The concentration of sodium in csf was slightly higher than the value in serum, and potassium concentration was lower than the value in serum. In contrast to studies of human beings, csf osmolality was generally less than serum osmolality in the cows studied. Reference values for csf electrolyte concentrations and osmolality are useful for diagnosis of salt poisoning and for assessment of the effects of fluid therapy. Magnesium concentration was lower in csf, compared with serum. Reference values may be useful for diagnosis of grass tetany.
Glucose concentration in csf was variable, compared with serum concentration; sometimes, it was similar, lower, or even higher than serum glucose concentration. This variation reflects a more complete equilibration of glucose between csf and blood, owing to the lower and more stable blood glucose concentration in cows.
Creatine kinase activity in csf was markedly less than, and was not correlated with, serum creatine kinase activity. Cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase activity was markedly lower than serum lactate dehydrogenase activity. Compared with lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase activity had a wider range in these healthy cows; therefore, the former enzyme has higher specificity and sensitivity for diagnosis of diseases affecting the cns.
Ultrasonographic and quantitative histologic assessment of sequelae to testicular biopsy in stallions
Authors: DelVento V. R. , Amann R. P. , Trotter G. W. , Veeramachaneni D. N. Rao , Squires E. L. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
A sample of testicular parenchymal tissue, approximately 2 × 7 × 7 mm, was aseptically removed from 1 testis in each of 9 stallions on day 0. Slight to moderate hemorrhage from the tunica albuginea was observed in 8 stallions, but bleeding from the parenchyma was detected in only 2 stallions. Stallions were castrated 27 days later. Normal development of granulation tissue was evident at the biopsy site, but hematomas were not observed. In situ measurement of the widths of the right and left testes, total scrotal width, and evaluation of testicular echogenicity during ultrasonography were variables used to monitor changes in the testicular parenchyma from 14 days before biopsy through 27 days after biopsy.
The control testis was consistently larger than the biopsied testis, except for day 3. Ultrasonography revealed signs of a localized change in the parenchyma of the biopsied testis in 4 stallions, but each lesion decreased in size by day 27. Tissues removed during biopsy enabled an excellent appraisal of spermatogenesis at that time. Detailed examinations of seminiferous tubules in the testes were performed to assess for damage to testicular function. At castration, samples were taken from 6 sites in each testis. Quantitative histologic evaluations of testicular tissues revealed low numbers of spherical spermatids and pachytene spermatocytes in biopsied testes, compared with control testes.
It was concluded that there was a transitory increase in degeneration of preleptotene spermatocytes and B spermatogonia at the time of biopsy. A mild inflammatory response at the biopsy site in some testes was evidenced by an increased number of leukocytes at the biopsy site and at a dorsal site. Because damage was minimal and appeared to be transitory, it was concluded that the open method of biopsy does not greatly alter the process of spermatogenesis or function of the testis in stallions.
Development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for conglutinin, mannan-binding protein, and serum amyloid-P component in bovine sera
Authors: Akiyama Kazuo , Sugii Shunji , Hirota Yoshikazu 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Sandwich elisa were developed to quantitatively determine conglutinin (cg), mannan-binding protein (mbp), and serum amyloid-P component (sap) in the sera of cattle. The elisa system was found to have high repeatability for quantitation of these serum proteins at concentration as low as 5 ng/ml. From results obtained for 10 healthy cows aged 2 to 7 years, mean ± sd serum concentrations were 56.5 ± 14.4 μg of cg/ml, 2.37 ± 0.87 μg of mbp/ml, and 11.14 ± 3.92 μg of sap/ml, respectively. Values in 6 healthy heifer calves aged 6 months were 3.45 ± 1.22 μg/ml for cg, 1.71 ± 0.96 μg/ml for mbp, and 5.45 ± 2.75 μg/ml for sap, respectively. Concentrations in 9 healthy bullocks aged 6 months were 1.83 ± 0.66 μg/ml for cg, 1.04 ± 0.63 μg/ml for mbp, and 4.9 ± 1.13 μg/ml for sap, respectively.
Diet and exercise as potential risk factors for osteochondritis dissecans in dogs
Authors: Slater Margaret R. , Scarlett Janet M. , Donoghue Susan , Kaderly Robert E. , Bonnett Brenda N. , Cockshutt Joanne , Erb Hollis N. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
A matched case-control study was conducted to evaluate dietary components and exercise patterns as potential risk factors for osteochondritis dissecans in dogs. A telephone interview, with a standard questionnaire and protocol, was used to collect data on dietary intake of calories and nutrients and on the usual amounts and types of exercise of each dog. Thirty-one dogs with osteochondritis dissecans and 60 controls were matched on the basis of breed, sex, and age. Using a conditional logistic regression model, high dietary calcium, playing with other dogs, and drinking well water (rather than city water) were associated with increased risk of osteochondritis dissecans. Feeding of specialty dry dog foods was associated with decreased risk.
Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of propofol administration in hypovolemic dogs
Authors: Ilkiw Jan E. , Pascoe Peter J. , Haskins Steve C. , Patz John D. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Cardiopulmonary effects of propofol were studied in hypovolemic dogs from completion of, until 1 hour after administration. Hypovolemia was induced by withdrawal of blood from dogs until mean arterial pressure of 60 mm of Hg was achieved. After stabilization at this pressure for 1 hour, 6 mg of propofol/kg of body weight was administered iv to 7 dogs, and cardiopulmonary effects were measured. After blood withdrawal and prior to propofol administration, oxygen utilization ratio increased, whereas mean arterial pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac index, oxygen delivery, mixed venous oxygen tension, and mixed venous oxygen content decreased from baseline. Three minutes after propofol administration, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, oxygen utilization ratio, venous admixture, and arterial and mixed venous carbon dioxide tensions increased, whereas mean arterial pressure, arterial oxygen tension, mixed venous oxygen content, arterial and mixed venous pH decreased from values measured prior to propofol administration. Fifteen minutes after propofol administration, mixed venous carbon dioxide tension was still increased; however by 30 minutes after propofol administration, all measurements had returned to values similar to those measured prior to propofol administration.
Effects of a fixed compression load on the osteogenic effect of autogenous cancellous bone grafts in dogs
Authors: Martinez Steven A. , Probst Curtis W. , Hauptman Joseph G. , Weisbrode Steven E. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
A standardized cortical defect was created on the caudal cortex of the proximal portion of each ulna in 5 adult mixed-breed dogs. One gram of autogenous cancellous bone graft (acbg) was obtained from the greater tubercle of the ipsilateral humerus. The cortical defect in the ulna of 1 limb was filled with 1 g of acbg that had been compressed with 2-MPa pressure for 30 seconds. One gram of noncompressed acbg was placed into the contralateral ulnar cortical defect. The compressed and noncompressed acbg recipient sites were radiographed at weekly intervals. Dogs were euthanatized 8 weeks after surgery, and the acbg recipient sites were harvested for histomor-phometric analysis. Optical densitometry was performed on all radiographs. There was no significant difference between compressed and noncompressed acbg with optical densitometry or histomorphometric analysis for total bone area. We concluded that there was no difference in osteogenic capability between compressed and noncompressed acbg of equal mass.
Evaluation of polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide, and β-glucan antigens in gel immunodiffusion tests for brucellosis in cattle
Authors: Lord Veronica R. , Cherwonogrodzky John W. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
In Venezuela, 1,012 cattle sera were screened for their ability to precipitate Brucella melitensis 16M smooth-lipopolysaccharide (s-lps), B melitensis B115 polysaccharide B (poly B), B abortus 1119-3 O-polysaccharide (ps), or B abortus 1119-3 cyclic 1,2 linked β-d-glucan (β-glucan) in an agar-gel immunodiffusion assay. These sera were previously classified as being Brucella abortus-infected, S-19-vaccinated, or negative after an assessment of historical records and results of 5 standard serologic tests. Most of the sera (85%) from infected cattle precipitated s-lps, poly B, and ps. Serologic results for poly B and ps were identical. On the other hand, 13% of the sera from vaccinated cattle precipitated s-lps, but none of these sera precipitated poly B or ps. It was concluded that purified ps can alternate with poly B as an antigen to differentiate sera of B abortus-infected from B abortus S-19-vaccinated cattle. None of these sera precipitated β-glucan.
Canine bone shape analysis by use of a radiographic image-classification system
Authors: Zhu Dongping , Carrig Colin B. , Conners Richard W. , Swecker William S. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
A radiographic image-classification system was developed to analyze and compare the shape of the humerus of neonatal Labrador Retriever and Labrador Retriever × Beagle pups that were either phenotypically normal or affected with an ocular-skeletal dysplasia syndrome. The system consistently defined the shape of the humerus within the groups of pups studied and indicated a difference in the shape of the humerus between normal and affected pups. Results indicated that the radiographic image-classification system may be able to identify Labrador Retriever pups affected by the ocular-skeletal dysplasia syndrome at or shortly after birth.
Quantitative renal scintigraphic determination of the glomerular filtration rate in cats with normal and abnormal kidney function, using 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
Authors: Uribe Daniel , Krawiec Donald R. , Twardock A. Robert , Gelberg Howard B. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The nuclear imaging technique known as quantitative renal scintigraphy was validated as a means to assess the kidney function of cats. Renal function tests were performed in 6 healthy cats and 3 cats with clinical manifestations of kidney failure. In addition, the nephrotoxic drugs, gentamicin sulfate, or amphotericin B were used in an attempt to induce renal failure in 4 cats. Using linear regression analysis, equations were derived to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (gfr) on the basis of the renal percent uptake of 99mTc-diethylenetriami-nepentaacetic acid (99mTc-dtpa). One-way anova and Student’s t test were used to evaluate treatment effects on clearances of inulin and creatinine, percent uptake of 99mTc-dtpa, and serum creatinine concentrations. The results show that the percent uptake of 99mTc-dtpa by the kidneys correlated well with the GFR obtained through the clearance of inulin. Thus, it was concluded that quantitative renal scintigraphy, using 99mTc-dtpa as a marker of kidney function, is an adequate technique to estimate the kidney function of healthy cats and cats with functional renal impairment. The best estimate of the gfr of cats, using the percentage dose of 99mTc-dtpa, was obtained on the 1- to 3-minute postinjection interval of the marker, using data that was background-subtracted, but not corrected for tissue absorption of gamma rays or binding of 99mTc-DTPA to plasma proteins. There was no significant difference in the mean inulin clearance, creatinine clearance, or percent uptake of 99mTc-dtpa between the 3 treatment groups of this study. Therefore, it was concluded that neither gentamicin nor amphotericin B are useful drugs in eliciting losses of feline kidney function that may be measurable through the procedures used in this study. Contrary to all other gfr studies in the cat, this study did not use any form of pharmacologic restraint. Therefore, the findings from this study are expected to reflect accurately the true gfr of healthy, nonanesthetized cats.
Stimulation and suppression of the oxygenation activity of porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and its metabolites
Authors: Dom P. , Haesebrouck F. , De Baetselier P. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The effects of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuro-pneumoniae and its metabolites on the oxygenation activity of porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages (pam) were studied, using a chemiluminescence technique. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains of serotypes 2, 3, and 9 in a dose of 1, 10, and 100 colony-forming units/ macrophage first stimulated the oxygen radical production of pam. After having reached a peak value, oxygenation activity decreased, finally resulting in total suppression of pam. All these effects were neutralized by homologous convalescent pig sera that had been adsorbed onto inactivated A pleuropneumoniae strains. Moreover, cross-neutralization was shown between serotypes 2 and 3. Inactivated A pleuropneumoniae strains did not influence the oxidative activity of pam. Undiluted and lower dilutions of sterile A pleuropneumoniae culture supernatants were toxic for pam, whereas higher dilutions of the supernatants stimulated oxygen radical production of the macrophages. These effects were heat-sensitive and were neutralized by homologous convalescent pig sera. Cross-neutralization was shown between serotypes 2 and 3. These findings indicated that stimulation and inhibition of the oxygenation activity of pam are attributable to heat-sensitive metabolites produced by A pleuropneumoniae.