bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo expression and localization of the fibroblast growth factor system in the intact and lesioned rat peripheral nerve and spinal ganglia
Authors: Grothe Claudia , Meisinger Christof , Claus Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBasic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2) is involved in several cellular processes of the nervous system during development, maintenance, and regeneration. In the central nervous system, FGF‐2 has been shown to be expressed in neurons and glial cells, depending on the developmental stage and brain area. In the present study, a comprehensive analysis was performed of the cellular distribution of the transcripts of FGF‐2 and of the FGF high‐affinity receptors (R) 1–4 in intact and lesioned sciatic nerve and spinal ganglia. In the adult rat sciatic nerve FGF‐2, FGFR1–3 were expressed at low levels as revealed by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Sciatic nerve crush resulted in an increase of these transcript levels. FGFR4 expression was not detected in the intact and crushed nerve as revealed by RT‐PCR and RNase protection assay. In situ hybridization using riboprobes for FGF‐2, FGFR1–3 displayed staining in diverse cell types. Immunocytochemical staining of consecutive sections with cell markers for myelin, macrophages, and neurons revealed colocalization of the transcripts with Schwann cells and macrophages. In addition to FGF‐2 and FGFR1, the transcripts of FGFR2–4 were expressed in neurons of spinal ganglia. Crush lesion of the sciatic nerve resulted in no alterations of the FGFR1–4 transcripts, whereas FGF‐2 and FGFR3 mRNAs were up‐regulated in spinal ganglia. The expression of FGFRs and FGF‐2 in Schwann cells and macrophages at the lesion site of the sciatic nerve and in sensory neurons suggests that FGF‐2 is involved in specific functions of these cells during regeneration. J. Comp. Neurol. 434:342–357, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Axonal topography of cortical basket cells in relation to orientation, direction, and ocular dominance maps
Authors: Buzás Péter , Eysel Ulf T. , Adorján Péter , Kisvárday Zoltán F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe axonal (bouton) distributions of a layer 4 clutch cell (CC), two layer 3 medium‐sized basket cells (MBC), and a layer 3 large basket cell (LBC) to orientation, direction, and ocular dominance maps were studied quantitatively. 1) The CC provided exclusively local projections (<380 μm from the soma) and contacted a narrow “niche” of functional representations. 2) The two MBCs emitted local projections (75% and 79% of all boutons), which were engaged with isoorientations (61% and 48%) and isodirections, and long‐range projections (25% and 21%, >313 μm and >418 μm), which encountered cross‐orientation sites (14% and 12%) and isoorientation sites (7% and 5%). Their direction preferences were mainly perpendicular to or opposite those of local projections. 3) The LBC provided the majority (60%) of its boutons to long‐range distances (>437 μm). Locally, LBC boutons showed a rather balanced contribution to isoorientations (19%) and cross‐orientations (12%) and preferred isodirections. Remotely, however, cross‐orientation sites were preferred (31% vs. 23%) and the directional output was balanced. 4) Monte Carlo simulations revealed that the differences between the orientation specificity of local and long‐range projections cannot be explained by a homogeneous lateral distribution of the boutons. 5) There was a similar eye preference in the local and long‐range projection fields of the MBCs. The LBC contacted both contra‐ and ipsilateral eye domains. 6) The basket axons showed little laminar difference in orientation and direction topography. The results suggest that an individual basket cell can mediate a wide range of effects depending on the size and termination pattern of the axonal field. J. Comp. Neurol. 437:259–285, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suckling stimulus suppresses messenger RNA for tyrosine hydroxylase in arcuate neurons during lactation
Authors: Berghorn Kathie A. , Le Wei‐Wei , Sherman Thomas G. , Hoffman Gloria E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA in tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons is suppressed during lactation but rebounds upon pup removal. A time course of TH mRNA changes after pup removal revealed three phases: (1) a nuclear phase (evident 1.5 hours after pup removal, maximal at 3 hours) with TH mRNA appearing in 1 or 2 nuclear loci with little or no change in cytoplasmic mRNA; (2) a cytoplasmic phase (noted 6 hours after pup removal, peaked 12–24 hours) with a significant increase in total TH mRNA levels mainly in the cytoplasm; and (3) a stabilization phase (24–48 hours after pup removal) when nuclear signals were low and cytoplasmic RNA showed a slight decline with extension of RNA clusters into the cell dendrites. In rats whose pups could suckle only on one side, TH was up‐regulated only on the side contralateral to nipple blockade. These data indicate that after suckling terminates, TH up‐regulation is evident at 1.5 hours, but 6 hours is needed before the cells transport sufficient mRNA into the cytoplasm. The rapid signaling of TH up‐regulation stems from the fact that the TIDA neurons respond to neural signals from termination of suckling. J. Comp. Neurol. 438:423–432, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective Purkinje cell ectopia in the cerebellum of the Weaver mouse
Authors: Armstrong Carol , Hawkes Richard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe adult mouse cerebellar vermis consists of four transverse zones, each of which is further subdivided into parasagittal stripes. In the adult weaver (wv/wv) mouse, the zebrin II expression pattern in the cerebellar vermis is abnormal, consistent with the absence of a central zone (∼lobules VI/VII). Because the small, heat shock protein HSP25 is a constitutive marker of parasagittal bands of Purkinje cells in the caudal central zone and the nodular zone (∼lobules IX/X), we used HSP25 immunocytochemistry to show that the patterning abnormalities in wv/wv reflect selective Purkinje cell ectopia rather than the absence of the central zone. A specific HSP25‐immunopositive Purkinje cell ectopia within the central zone was identified. Symmetrical clusters of HSP25‐immunopositive Purkinje cells, which presumably would have formed the parasagittal stripes in the wild type, are present ectopically on either side of the midline in wv/wv. In contrast, in the nodular zone, HSP25‐immunopositive Purkinje cells form a near‐monolayer and are organized into parasagittal stripes. We therefore conclude that specific Purkinje cell clusters in the wv/wv cerebellum fail to disperse and that this ectopia contributes to the topographical abnormalities. J. Comp. Neurol. 439:151–161, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Granule cells migrate within raphes in the developing cerebellum: An evolutionarily conserved morphogenic event
Authors: Karam Sana D. , Kim Yun S. , Bothwell Mark 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe early phase of granule cell migration in the developing chick cerebellum occurs within ribbons of cells moving through parasagittally arrayed gaps between Purkinje cell clusters. These parasagittal arrays of migrating granule cells, termed “granule cell raphes,” also have been reported in rabbit and cat, but recent publications variously report that granule cell raphes are absent or present in rodents. By using Nissl counterstaining and Pax6 immunohistochemistry, we confirm that granule cells do migrate in raphes in the developing mouse cerebellum, and also in the primate cerebellum during a period of development that coincides with Purkinje cell compartmentation. In mouse and primate cerebellum, as in chick cerebellum, granule cell migratory streams occur at the borders of Purkinje cell clusters. GFAP immunostaining of Bergmann glial fibers shows no parasagittally localized pattern of distribution, indicating that the formation of granule cell ribbons is not prepatterned by heterogeneous distribution of radial glia. The conservation of the ribboned pattern of granule cell migration from bird to primate and the timing of this event suggest a possible role for granule cell raphes in parasagittal compartmentation of Purkinje cells. A potential mechanism for such an interaction is discussed. J. Comp. Neurol. 440:127–135, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of prostanoid EP3 and EP4 receptor mRNA‐expressing neurons in the rat parabrachial nucleus by intravenous injection of bacterial wall lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Engblom David , Ek Monica , Ericsson‐Dahlstrand Anders , Blomqvist Anders 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSystemic inflammation activates central autonomic circuits, such as neurons in the pontine parabrachial nucleus. This activation may be the result of afferent signaling through the vagus nerve, but it may also depend on central prostaglandin‐mediated mechanisms. Recently, we have shown that neurons in the parts of the parabrachial nucleus that are activated by immune challenge express prostaglandin receptors of the EP3 and EP4 subtypes, but it remains to be determined if the prostaglandin receptor‐expressing neurons are identical to those that respond to immune stimuli. In the present study, bacterial wall lipopolysaccharide was injected intravenously in adult male rats and the expression of c‐fos mRNA and of EP3 and EP4 receptor mRNA was examined with complementary RNA probes labeled with digoxigenin and radioisotopes, respectively. Large numbers of neurons in the external lateral parabrachial subnucleus, a major target of vagal‐solitary tract efferents, expressed c‐fos mRNA. Quantitative analysis showed that about 60% (range 40%–79%) of these neurons also expressed EP3 receptor mRNA. Conversely, slightly more than 50% (range 48%–63%) of the EP3 receptor‐expressing neurons in the same subnucleus coexpressed c‐fos mRNA. In contrast, few EP4 receptor‐expressing neurons were c‐fos positive, with the exception of a small population located in the superior lateral and dorsal lateral subnuclei. These findings show that immune challenge activates central autonomic neurons that could be the target of centrally produced prostaglandin E2, suggesting that synaptic signaling and paracrine mechanisms may interact on these neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 440:378–386, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The completed second kind integral equation formulation for Stokes flow with mixed boundary conditions
Authors: Power H. , Gómez J. E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this article, we develop a novel indirect second kind integral equation formulation for the solution of the mixed boundary value problem for Stokes flow between two closed surfaces (multiple‐connected domain). At the exterior surface the fluid velocity is specified (boundary condition of the first kind) and at the interior surface the fluid surface traction is given (boundary condition of the second kind). The theoretical background to the proposed technique is explained in detail, including mathematical proofs of existence and uniqueness of solution. Numerical results of test examples are included to validate the formulation. As expected, the numerical solution of the proposed approach is very stable under iterative solvers requiring few numbers of iteration to achieve a desirable accuracy, even for very large number of surface nodes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational modelling of the surface fatigue crack growth on gear teeth flanks
Authors: Glodež S. , Ren Z. , Fajdiga G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe paper describes a 2‐dimensional computational model for simulation of the surface initiated fatigue crack growth in the contact area of gear teeth flanks that leads to surface pitting. The discretized model of a gear tooth with the assumed initial crack is subjected to normal contact pressure, which takes into account the EHD‐lubrication conditions and tangential loading due to friction between gear teeth flanks. The model accounts also for the influence of a fluid driven into the crack by hydraulic mechanism on crack propagation. The J‐integral method in the framework of the finite element analysis is used for simulation of the fatigue crack propagation from the initial to the critical crack length, when the surface material layer breaks away and pit appears on the surface. The model is applied to a real pitting problem of a gear and corresponding computational results in terms of pit sizes correlate well to the development of micropits observed in experimental testing. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of damage–permeability coupling in hygro‐thermo‐mechanical analysis of concrete at high temperature
Authors: Gawin D. , Pesavento F. , Schrefler B. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents the numerical procedure used and the results obtained for full coupling between damage and intrinsic permeability in a recently developed model for heat and mass transfer and damage analysis of concrete at high temperature. A formula describing effects of damage on intrinsic permeability is numerically tested. A numerical example concerning high temperature behaviour of high performance concrete structure is presented, showing a considerable effect of damage–intrinsic permeability coupling on concrete hygrothermal performance. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Colour‐appearance modeling using feedforward networks with Bayesian regularization method. Part II: Reverse model
Authors: Xin John H. , Sijie Shao , Chung Korris 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn Part I of this article, the development of a multilayer perceptrons feedforward artificial neural network model to predict colour appearance from colorimetric values was reported. Bayesian regularization was employed for the training of the network. In this part of the article, the reverse model, that is, the perdition of colorimetric values from the colour appearance attributes is reported using the same neural network design methodology developed in Part I. This study should contribute to the building of an artificial neural network–based colour appearance prediction, both forward and reverse, using the most comprehensive LUTCHI colour appearance data sets for training and testing. Good prediction accuracy and generalization ability were obtained using the neural networks built in the study. Because the neural network approach is of a black‐box type, colour appearance prediction using this method should be easier to apply in practice. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 116–121, 2002; DOI 10.1002/col.10030
Guidelines for dynamics‐based parameterization of one‐dimensional cellular automata rule spaces
Authors: de Oliveira Gina Maira Barbosa , de Oliveira Pedro P.B. , Omar Nizam 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAs paradigmatic complex systems, various studies have been done in the context of one‐dimensional cellular automata (CA) on the definition of parameters directly obtained from their transition rule, aiming at the help they might provide to forecasting CA dynamic behavior. Out of the analysis of the most important parameters available for this end, as well as others evaluated by us, a set of guidelines is proposed that should be followed when defining a parameter of that kind. Based upon the guidelines, a critique of those parameters is made, which leads to a set of five that jointly provide a good forecasting set; two of them were drawn from the literature and three are new ones defined according to the guidelines. By using them as a heuristic in the evolutionary search for CA of a predefined computational behavior, good results have been obtained, exemplified herein by the evolutionary search for CA that perform the Synchronization Task. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Noise induced transitions in some socio‐economic systems
Authors: Gligor Mircea 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe paper proposes the use of some stochastic methods in order to explain the presence of the critical points in macroeconomic time series, starting from the classical linear model input‐output elaborated by W. Leontief. The development of the model (N. Georgescu‐Roegen, 1971) yields the set of the linear differential equations describing the dynamics of a system containing two or more interdependent production processes. In order to describe the nonlinear economic growth, a feed‐back mechanism is introduced, improving in this way the one‐dimensional variant of the model. We study further the influence of the noise on a control parameter and the conditions in which noise induced transitions arise. The economic data illustrating such transition refer to a country evolving to the market economy (Romania), whose evolution proves a lot of instabilities that are interesting to study from physical point of view. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lack of correlation between AT frequency and genome size in higher plants and the effect of nonrandomness of base sequences on dye binding
Authors: Barow Martin , Meister Armin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundDifferent plant species vary as to the ratio of nucleotide base pairs of genomic DNA. A correlation between genome size and base pair ratio has been claimed. Base composition can be analyzed by base‐specific dyes.MethodsGenome size is determined by flow cytometry of suspensions of nuclei stained by the base independent dye, PI. For estimation of the AT frequency, the AT‐specific dyes 4,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole, dihydrochloride (DAPI) and Hoechst 33342 (HO) were used. We define a dye factor (DF) as the ratio of the two estimates (peak ratios) of nuclear fluorescence intensities of sample relative to reference plant nuclei using a given dye and an intercalating fluorochrome.ResultsNo significant correlation between genome size and the DF for DAPI was found when 54 plant species were investigated. However, similarities within and differences among the plant families were shown. The comparison of DAPI and HO DFs gave no consistent differences as would be predicted from the model of different binding site length of dyes. This result may be explained by the nonrandom distribution of base pairs.ConclusionsThere is no general correlation between genome size and AT/GC ratio in higher plants. Similar AT/GC ratios within a plant family result from the general similarity of the DNA sequences within a family. The fluorescence of base‐specific dyes is influenced by the nonrandom distribution of bases in the DNA molecule. Cytometry 47:1–7, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of SYTOX green dye in the flow cytometric analysis of bacterial phagocytosis
Authors: Gaforio J.J. , Serrano M.J. , Ortega E. , Algarra I. , Alvarez de Cienfuegos G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundFluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) is used widely to label the targets used in flow cytometric phagocytosis assays. Unfortunately, the fluorescence intensity of phagocytosed FITC‐labeled targets is influenced by changes in intracellular pH level, making quantitative measurements with this fluorophore problematic. We describe the use of SYTOX green nucleic acid stain to measure phagocytosis by flow cytometry.MethodsSuspensions of isopropyl alcohol‐permeabilized Escherichia coli DH5α were stained with the SYTOX green dye and then incubated with resident peritoneal macrophages. The samples were analyzed by flow cytometry and phagocytosis was determined by gating the cells.ResultsResults are expressed as percentage of phagocyte‐associated green fluorescent cells. The validity of the method was shown by the effects of a phagocytosis inhibitor (incubation at 4°C) or enhancer (gamma interferon [IFN‐ γ] treatment) being accurately assessed with this assay.ConclusionsThe method described was reproducible and provides an advantageous alternative to the use of FITC to label bacteria for the flow cytometric measurement of target uptake by phagocytic cells. Cytometry 48:93–96, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibroadenomas with atypia: Causes of under‐ and overdiagnosis by aspiration biopsy
Authors: Simsir Aylin , Waisman Jerry , Cangiarella Joan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFibroadenoma (FA) is a common benign breast lesion frequently sampled by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Although the cytologic diagnosis is straightforward in most cases, cellular discohesion and atypia in FAs may lead to falsely atypical or positive FNAB diagnoses. Conversely, some adenocarcinomas mimic a fibroadenomatous pattern on FNAB, resulting in a false‐negative diagnosis. We reviewed the cytologic and histologic findings in 25 cases with a preoperative FNAB diagnosis of FA, wherein excision was recommended based on atypia. Our aim was to analyze the spectrum of changes causing under‐ or overdiagnosis in such cases. The smears were assessed for cellularity, cellular discohesion, presence of dissociated intact cells and nucleoli, nuclear pleomorphism, oval bare nuclei, and stromal fragments. The histologic findings were correlated with FNAB features. At excision, 88% of FAs classified as atypical on FNAB were benign (FA with ductal hyperplasia and lactational change, myxoid FA, and other fibroepithelial lesions). Differentiating myxoid FA from colloid carcinoma was difficult due to the abundance of extracellular mucin in which the dissociated epithelial cells were floating. Two (8%) cases were carcinomas on excision; the reasons for underdiagnosis in one case reflected sampling, and in the other, interpretative error. There was one (4%) benign phyllodes tumor which lacked stromal fragments and single stromal cells on FNAB smears. The lesion was called atypical, based on the epithelial discohesion on the smears. We conclude that the majority of FAs with atypia on FNAB are benign lesions. Considering the grave consequences of a false‐positive cytologic diagnosis, we recommend a conservative approach in interpreting FNAB smears which overall display a fibroadenomatous pattern. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:278–284, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioisosterism, enantioselectivity, and molecular modeling of new effective N6‐ and/or N(9)‐substituted 2‐phenyl adenines and 8‐aza analogs: Different binding modes to A1 adenosine receptors
Authors: Bianucci A. Maria , Biagi Giuliana , Coi Alessio , Giorgi Irene , Oreste Livi , Pacchini Federica , Scartoni Valerio , Lucacchini Antonio , Costa Barbara 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBioisosterism of the adenine and 8‐azaadenine nuclei was demonstrated by comparison of A1 adenosine receptor binding affinity of 2‐phenyl N6‐substituted adenines and the corresponding 8‐azaadenines. Some of these new compounds are very potent A1 adenosine receptor antagonists. This work also describes the synthesis and A1 adenosine receptor binding of the enantiomers of some 2‐phenyladenines substituted with a 1‐phenylethyl chiral group in N6 and N(9) positions. Biological results, showing the same stereoselectivity for all the couples of enantiomers, may supply proof for the hypothesis of a possible double arrangement of 2‐phenylsubstituted adenines inside A1 adenosine receptors. Theoretical studies, based on an improved A1 adenosine receptor model and consisting of evaluation and comparison of interaction energies in complexes involving some selected chiral ligands, support the above hypothesis. Drug Dev. Res. 54:52–65, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.