bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptogenic Botanicals with Emphasis on Rhodiola rosea and Withania somnifera
Authors: Machín Rubén P. , Florido Miguel , Chirino-Godoy Ricardo , López-Rios Laura 
Published: January 2024

This review addresses the issue of plant adaptogens, botanical products with remarkable anti-stress effects. These actions result from its ability to increase the non-specific organism's resistance process against multiple stressors (physical, chemical or biological). They are capable of exerting a normalizing effect on the human body, being both non-toxic effects and not influencing normal organic functions. Several plants with a complex phytochemical profile meet the criteria for being adaptogens. Many of them have been used in traditional medicine as tonic-vitalizing agents for centuries to treat various health conditions. This review briefly explains the organism's stress responses against stressors and the evolution of the adaptogenic concept from a historic perspective. A rational classification of adaptogens plants is formulated although it does not cover the full variability of botanical adaptogens. Nevertheless, summarizing data from two of the most important plant adaptogens, golden root (Rhodiola rosea) and Indian ginseng (Withania somnifera), are described. This includes their most deserving ethnomedicinal properties, the various families of compounds that constitute their complex phytochemical profiles, pharmacological activities along with putative mechanism of action responsible for some of their multifaceted biological actions, and the multi-therapeutic and health-promoting activities obtained from the most relevant clinical trials performed to date. Additionally, several relevant and current issues regarding the safety and toxicity of both widely used adaptogens are detailed. These include potential negative drugs interactions, putative contraindications and warnings in specific physiological statuses or health conditions. Finally, despite the overlapping activities against stress and stress-related health conditions some superior therapeutic benefits are tentatively assigned both to Withania somnifera and Rhodiola rosea taking into account the overall evidence of efficacy from pharmacological and clinical studies.
The Pattern of Respiratory Diseases among Children Admitted in the Children Emergency Ward, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Nneka Gabriel-Job , Chidiebere Chukwuma A. 
Published: January 2024

Aim: Respiratory diseases are common causes of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Variations in the pattern of respiratory diseases exist globally, due to environmental conditions, poverty, hygiene and so on. This study sought to determine the pattern of respiratory diseases among children admitted into the emergency ward of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.
Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.
Setting and Duration of Study: Children Emergency Ward of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, between January 2019 and January 2021.
Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Data were collected from case notes of 3,851 children, aged two months to 18 years, admitted to the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, over three years.
Results: Respiratory diseases accounted for 500 (13%) of the total admissions, and was more common among males than females (M: F = 1.3:1). The mean age of children with respiratory illnesses was 2.27±4.6 years. Infectious causes {443 (88.6%)} were significantly higher than non-infectious causes {57 (11.4%)}, p<0.001. Bronchopneumonia, bronchial asthma and bronchiolitis were the commonest morbidities seen, accounting for 394 (78.8%), 34 (6.8%) and 22 (4.4%) of cases respectively.
Conclusion: The prevalence of respiratory diseases is high. Infectious causes are still prevalent with cases presenting more during the dry season. Measures to reduce environmental pollution and enhance immunization can greatly reduce respiratory diseases among children.
Enhancing Awareness of Diclofenac as an Over-the-Counter Analgesic in the Northern Border Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshammari Seham Zaid 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Diclofenac was identified by the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee of the European Medicines Agency as a high-risk NSAID in terms of its effects on the heart and circulation when administered systemically, i.e. capsules, tablets or injections.
Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and awareness about over the counter analgesic medication (Diclofenac) among people living in northern border region – Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: Self-administered cross-sectional study conducted during a period of two months (October and November 2023) on random sample of 430 Saudi people living in the Northern Border Region. The data was analyzed by Microsoft excel program by means of Descriptive statistics.
Results: Toothache and headache were the most worried pain among participants (32%) and (31%) respectively, majority (72%) of participants buy OTC medication for pain from community pharmacy on the advice of pharmacist. Small percentage (20%) thought that medications containing diclofenac have very few side effects, 76% didn’t know any side effect of diclofenac, 47% didn’t know that diclofenac in high dose has adverse effects on kidney, 71% didn’t know that diclofenac cause gastrointestinal adverse effects. About one fifth of participants (21%) didn’t know the maximum dose of diclofenac when they use it, tablet is the preferred dosage form of diclofenac (27%) followed by granules (16%), dosage of 100 mg is the most frequently used (36%) followed by 50 mg (16%).
Conclusion: Saudi people’s knowledge about diclofenac as one member of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was insufficient. Knowledge about related adverse effects of diclofenac was lacked which exposes to misusage that may carry accidents and severe side effects especially among high-risk population.
Cohabitation, marriage, and murder: Woman‐killing by male romantic partners
Authors: Shackelford Todd K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing a national‐level US homicide database that includes more than 400,000 homicides committed from 1976‐1994, I calculated rates of uxoricide (the murder of a woman by her romantic partner) by type of relationship (cohabiting or marital), ages of the partners, and age difference between partners. Women in cohabiting relationships are about nine times more likely to be killed by their partner than are women in marital relationships. Within marital relationships, the risk of uxoricide decreases with a woman’s age. Within cohabiting relationships, in contrast, middle‐aged women are at greatest risk of uxoricide. Paralleling the uxoricide victimization rates, uxoricide perpetration rates are highest for young married men and for middle‐aged cohabiting men. Uxoricide risk generally increases with greater age difference between partners. These findings provide the first national‐level replication of uxoricide risk patterns reported for a national‐level Canadian sample. Discussion highlights future research directions, including identifying why women in cohabiting relationships incur greater risk of uxoricide than do women in marital relationships. Aggr. Behav. 27:284–291, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recency and duration neglect in subjective assessment of television picture quality
Authors: Hands David S. , Avons S. E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDigitally coded television pictures exhibit transient picture impairments that can vary in intensity and duration. It is an important practical question to determine the extent to which these transient impairments affect the overall quality of a television sequence, as a function of their location within the sequence, their duration and their magnitude. Five experiments are reported. It is shown that retrospective quality ratings are poorer when the worst‐quality video occurs at the end compared to the beginning of a 30 s video sequence. This recency effect was eliminated when subjects were asked to continuously evaluate picture quality. The duration of an impairment was found to have little impact on quality ratings. A regression analysis found that quality ratings were best predicted by the peak impairment intensity. The results were interpreted in terms of Hogarth and Einhorn's (1992) belief‐adjustment model. The implications for television picture quality evaluation are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recurrent thromboembolic disease following splenectomy for pyruvate kinase deficiency
Authors: Chou Roger , DeLoughery Thomas G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report a case of recurrent thromboembolic disease and chronic pulmonary hypertension in an adult patient with pyruvate kinase deficiency who underwent splenectomy as a child. Thromboembolism has been reported as a complication following splenectomy for various hereditary chronic hemolytic anemias. To our knowledge, this association has not been described in patients specifically with pyruvate kinase deficiency. Our patient presented at age 37 with recurrent pulmonary emboli, 36 years after splenectomy for severe hemolytic anemia. Work‐up for other hypercoagulable states was negative. The mechanism for hypercoagulability in this condition is unclear but may involve a quantitative or qualitative change in disrupted thrombogenic red blood cell membranes that would normally be removed by the spleen. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for thrombotic events in these patients, as early diagnosis and treatment can reduce morbidity and mortality, and chronic anticoagulation may help prevent the sequelae of repeated thromboembolic events. Am. J. Hematol. 67:197–199, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laboratory method to study mutational effects on human erythrocyte spectrin tetramerization
Authors: Ranganathan S. , Menhart N. , Topouzian N. , Fung L.W.‐M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have developed a laboratory method combining a random mutagenesis method and a yeast two‐hybrid system to study effects of mutation on human erythrocyte spectrin tetramerization. A PCR‐based procedure was used to generate random mutations in DNA fragments of the first 55 residues of α‐spectrin. Each of the DNA fragments from random mutagenesis was fused with a DNA fragment of native spectrin consisting of residues 56 to 368 to give a DNA fragment of the first 368 residues in α‐spectrin. The α‐spectrin DNA fragment and a DNA fragment containing the last 449 residues in β‐spectrin were introduced into the yeast two‐hybrid system for rapid screening of α‐ and β‐spectrin interaction. Yeast colonies with interacting α‐ and β‐peptides were blue, and those with non‐interacting α‐ and β‐peptides were white. Six single amino acid mutations (R27G, Y35N, F38S, L49H, Y53N, and Y53C) and a double amino acid mutation (K16M, I24N) were identified from 8 white colonies, but no mutations were found in the DNA fragments of 14 blue colonies. Thus this simple laboratory method allows us to study effects of mutation on interactions of α‐ and β‐spectrin at the tetramerization site. Am. J. Hematol. 67:247–251, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sequence and expression analyses of μ and δ transcripts in patients with waldenström's macroglobulinemia
Authors: Shiokawa Satoshi , Suehiro Youko , Uike Naokuni , Muta Koichiro , Nishimura Junji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWaldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) is a malignant lymphoplasmo‐proliferative disorder with monoclonal pentameric immunoglobulin (Ig)M production. The most consistent feature of clonal B cells in the bone marrow (BM) and/or lymph nodes of patients with WM is the presence of pleomorphic B‐lineage cells at different stages of maturation, such as small lymphocytes, lymphoplasmacytoid cells, and plasma cells. Monoclonal lymphocytes express μ chains with or without δ chains. A recent DNA analysis of WM tumor clones showed WM to be derived from B cells that have been selected by antigen at a relatively late stage of differentiation. To further clarify the origin of WM tumor cells, we analyzed the variable (V) domain sequences of tumor derived μ and δ transcripts. The expression of δ transcripts was also examined in peripheral blood (PB) and BM using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) combined with a single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. The sequences were identical among the μ and δ transcripts in each patient and the level of somatic mutation in the VH regions expressed by tumor cells was in the same range as that of IgM‐only B cells and IgM+IgD+ memory B cells. In our previous RT‐PCR‐SSCP analysis, a single dominant band of the μ isotype was observed in BM and PB in all patients. However, common dominant bands in BM and PB were detected in only one patient in a δ transcript analysis. In the rest of the patients, monoclonal δ transcripts were only detected in BM. Our results suggest that a normal counterpart of WM cells is somatically mutated IgM+IgD+ and/or IgM‐only B cells and the expression patterns of monoclonal μ and δ transcripts differ between BM and PB in some cases of WM. Am. J. Hematol. 68:139–143, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Results of an intervention to improve lead safety among painting contractors and their employees*
Authors: Materna Barbara L. , Harrington David , Scholz Peter , Payne Susan F. , Stubbs Harrison A. , Hipkins Karen , Merideth Emily , Kirsch Luz , Lomax Geoffrey , Coyle Patricia , Uratsu Connie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundResidential and commercial painters disturb lead paint on older buildings, exposing workers and potentially building occupants. An intervention strategy was evaluated for improving lead safety in these small businesses.MethodsTwenty‐one painting contractors received 32 hr of training, technical assistance, and a safety manual; their employees attended an 8‐hr training session. Impact evaluation involved interviewing participants at baseline, immediately post‐intervention, and 1 year later, and conducting contractor focus groups post‐intervention.ResultsEmployers met 15 of 27 target objectives and workers met 3 of 12; however, even in areas where objectives were not met, both groups made improvements.ConclusionsMotivated contractors and their employees can make moderate improvements in lead‐safe practices if provided with extensive training and technical assistance. Changes that are costly, unfamiliar, or perceived as a threat to work quality are more difficult to implement. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:119–130, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐malignant asbestos‐related diseases in Brazilian asbestos‐cement workers
Authors: Algranti E. , Mendonça E.M.C. , DeCapitani E.M. , Freitas J.B.P. , Silva H.C. , Bussacos M.A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundProduction of asbestos‐cement products in Brazil started in the 1940s, peaked in the 60–70s and is still an active industry. This study was designed to assess the non‐malignant effects of asbestos exposure in the asbestos‐cement industry in Brazil.MethodsA group of 828 former asbestos‐cement workers enrolled in a cross‐sectional and cohort study of respiratory morbidity, submitted to a detailed occupational history, respiratory symptoms questionnaire, spirometry, PA chest x‐ray, and high resolution computed chest tomography (HRCT). Asbestos exposure was assessed by years of exposure, cumulative exposure (a semi‐quantitative method), and latency time from first exposure. Asbestosis and pleural thickening were assessed according to HRCT criteria.ResultsAsbestosis was present in 74 (8.9%) and pleural thickening in 246 (29.7%). Using the HRCT as the “best available evidence”, it was shown that were more false negatives than false positives in the x‐ray readings for parenchymal (21.6% false negatives, 4.2% false positives) and pleural (26.0% false negatives, 14.4% false positives) diseases due to asbestos. Latency time from first exposure was the best predictor for both asbestosis and pleural thickening. Subjects in the higher exposure groups presented lower levels of lung function. Obstructive defects were significantly related to smoking, shortness of breath, body mass index, and age, whereas restrictive defects were related to asbestosis, shortness of breath, and latency time. Chronic bronchitis increased with latency time in the three smoking groups and was significantly related to pleural thickening (OR 1.56 (1.00–2.42)). Shortness of breath was significantly associated with body mass index and pleural thickening (OR 1.30 (1.24–2.09)).ConclusionsPleural thickening and asbestosis showed a significant association with latency time and exposure. FVC and FEV1 decreased across increasing profusion with an added effect of pleural thickening. There was a significant and independent effect of exposure on lower levels of FVC and FEV1. Obstructive defects were mainly related to smoking and restriction to asbestosis. Dust exposure and smoking were synergistic in increasing chronic bronchitis and shortness of breath report. Shortness of breath report was also related to pleural thickening and higher body mass index. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:240–254, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrating occupational health services and occupational prevention services*
Authors: Rudolph Linda , Deitchman Scott , Dervin Kathy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundDespite the human and monetary costs of occupational injury and illness, occupational health care has focused more on treatment than prevention, and prevention is not part of many clinical occupational health practices. This represents a failure of occupational health care to meet the health care needs of the working patients.MethodsMEDLINE searches were conducted for literature on occupational medical treatment and the prevention of occupational injury and illness were reviewed to for linkages between prevention and treatment. Policy discussions which identify examples of programs that integrated prevention and treatment were included.ResultsAlthough examples of the integration of clinical and preventive occupational health services exist, there are challenges and barriers to such integration. These include inaction by clinicians who do not recognize their potential role in prevention; the absence of a relationship between the clinician and an employer willing to participate in prevention; economic disincentives against prevention; and the absence of tools that evaluate clinicians on their performance in prevention.ConclusionsResearch is needed to improve and promote clinical occupational health preventive services. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:307–318, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutation analysis of the human NR4A2 gene, an essential gene for midbrain dopaminergic neurogenesis, in schizophrenic patients
Authors: Chen Yun‐Hsiang , Tsai Ming‐Ta , Shaw Cheng‐Kuang , Chen Chia‐Hsiang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that an orphan receptor gene of the steroid/thyroid hormone nuclear receptor superfamily, the Nurr1 gene, is essential for the neurogenesis and differentiation of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain of mice. Transgenic mice lacking the Nurr1 gene soon die after birth and are devoid of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Heterozygous mice survive postnatally without obvious locomotor deficits; however, they have increased vulnerability to dopaminergic neurotoxin 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). In view of the importance of dopamine neurotransmission in brain function, we were interested to know if the human homologous gene of murine Nurr1, the NR4A2 gene, may play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. We systematically sequenced all the exons of the human NR4A2 gene to search for molecular variants in a cohort of Chinese schizophrenic patients from Taiwan. Two molecular variants were identified: a G‐insertion in intron 6 (designated IVS6 + 17∼ + 18insG), and a G‐deletion in the untranslated exon 1 (designated c.‐469delG). The IVS6 + 17∼ + 18insG is a polymorphic one; further case control study, however, did not reveal association of this polymorphism with schizophrenia. The c.‐469delG is a rare variant found in two unrelated patients among 177 schizophrenic patients, but not in 130 nonpsychotic controls. The result suggests that the c.‐469delG and possibly other variants of the NR4A2 gene may be of relevance to the complex factors involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of 250 children with idiopathic mental retardation reveals nine cryptic and diverse subtelomeric chromosome anomalies
Authors: Baker Elizabeth , Hinton Lyn , Callen David F. , Altree Meryl , Dobbie Angus , Eyre Helen J. , Sutherland Grant R. , Thompson Elizabeth , Thompson Peter , Woollatt Erica , Haan Eric 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCryptic subtelomeric chromosome anomalies have been recognized as a significant cause of dysmorphology and mental retardation. To determine whether the clinical cytogenetics laboratory should screen routinely for these aberrations, we have tested 250 patients with idiopathic mental retardation/developmental delay, either isolated (53) or associated with dysmorphic features and/or malformations in the absence of a recognizable syndrome (197). All had normal karyotypes at the 550–850 band level. Subtelomeric anomalies were found in 1/53 of the first group (1.9%) and 8/197 of the second group (4.1%). In one patient, two separate anomalies were present: a deletion (not inherited) and a duplication (inherited). It is possible that one of these 10 observed aberrations might represent a rare and previously unreported polymorphism and one a rare cross‐hybridization. Our study supports the proposition that cryptic subtelomeric rearrangements are a significant cause of idiopathic mental retardation/developmental delay, but both the diversity of the phenotypes of the positive cases and the wide diversity of their associated chromosome abnormalities emphasize the central problem for the clinical cytogenetics laboratory—that of choosing the most productive patient base for this useful diagnostic test. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Saethre‐Chotzen syndrome: Notable intrafamilial phenotypic variability in a large family with Q28X TWIST mutation
Authors: Dollfus Hélène , Biswas Partha , Kumaramanickavel Govindsamy , Stoetzel Corinne , Quillet Renaud , Biswas Jyotirmay , Lajeunie Elisabeth , Renier Dominique , Perrin‐Schmitt Fabienne 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSaethre‐Chotzen syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by craniosynostosis, ptosis, and limb and external ear abnormalities. Variable expressivity is a well‐known phenomenon in this disorder. A large Indian family has been recently identified as carrying a nonsense TWIST mutation (Q28 X) in 17 members, of whom 16 were examined in detail. Only 4 (25%) of the patients showed patent craniostenosis, namely, oxycephaly. The penetrance of craniosynostosis in this family is lower than previously reported in the literature. Fifteen patients (93%) had moderate to severe ptosis. Minor limb and external ear abnormalities were present in most patients. Eyelid features were the hallmark of the disease for 12 members of the family, suggesting that mutations in TWIST may lead to a phenotype with mainly palpebral features and no craniostenosis. The clinical analysis of this large family clearly illustrates the significant variable expressivity, probably related to haploinsufficiency because of the TWIST mutation. This phenotypic variability remains unclear but could be the result of modifier genes and/or genetic background effect, as noticed previously in the transgenic twist‐null heterozygous mice. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.