bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What makes a shear-free spherical perfect fluid be inhomogeneous with tidal effects?
Authors: Hakata Jonathan , Goswami Rituparno , Hansraj Chevarra , Maharaj Sunil D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis is an important and natural question as the spacetime shear, inhomogeneity and tidal effects are all intertwined via the Einstein field equations. Though many solutions with these properties exist in the literature, in this paper we identify, via a geometrical analysis, the important physical reason behind these solutions. We show that such scenarios are possible for limited classes of equations of state that are solutions to a highly nonlinear and fourth order differential equation. To show this, we use a covariant semitetrad spacetime decomposition and present a novel geometrical classification of shear-free locally rotationally symmetric perfect fluid self-gravitating systems, in terms of the covariantly defined fluid acceleration and the fluid expansion. Noteworthily, we deduce the governing differential equation that gives the possible limited equations of state of matter.
Hydrogels with Phosphate Groups as Potential Carriers of Bisphosphonates
Authors: Sandomierski Mariusz , Jakubowski Marcel , Gajewski Piotr , Szcześniak Katarzyna , Voelkel Adam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHydrogels are potential materials in many biomedical applications. A particularly promising application is their use in bone tissue engineering as implants or layers on the surface of titanium alloys. Disadvantage in the use of hydrogels in drug release system is often “burst release” effect what obstructs controlled release of pharmaceutically active agent. This functionality can be obtained by using an appropriate hydrogel, which has in its structure ions to which the drug is complexed. In this work, hydrogel materials containing mers with phosphate groups were prepared and used in the controlled drug release. The prepared material was functionalized with Ca2+, Mg2+, and Sr2+ ions. These ions were chosen because they support the osseointegration process. The possibility of sorption of the drug for osteoporosis (risedronate) was tested on the prepared hydrogels. Sorption was effective only on the hydrogel with calcium ions. The drug was evenly distributed throughout the hydrogel. The new hydrogel has proven to be able to retain the drug and slowly release it in small doses. We assume that the prepared material has the potential to be used as a coating for bone implants or as an implantable hydrogel for people suffering from osteoporosis.
VirtMRI: A Tool for Teaching MRI
Authors: Tönnes Christian , Licht Christian , Schad Lothar R. , Zöllner Frank G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMagnetic resonance image formation is not trivial and remains a difficult subject for teaching. Therefore, we saw an urgent need to facilitate teaching by developing a practical and easily accessible MR image generator. Due to the increasing interest in X-nuclei MRI, sodium image generation is also offered. The tool is implemented as a web application that is compatible with all standard desktop browsers and is open source. The user interface focuses on the parameters needed for the creation and display of the resulting images. Available MR sequences range from the standard Spin Echo and Inversion Recovery over steady-state to conventional sodium and more advanced single and triple quantum sequences. Additionally, the user interface has parameters to alter the resolution, the noise, and the k-space sampling. Our software is free to use and specifically suited for teaching purposes.
Assistive technology-based solutions in learning mathematics for visually-impaired people: exploring issues, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Fitzpatrick Donal , Pitt Ian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the absence of vision, visually impaired and blind people rely upon the tactile sense and hearing to obtain information about their surrounding environment. These senses cannot fully compensate for the absence of vision, so visually impaired and blind people experience difficulty with many tasks, including learning. This is particularly true of mathematical learning. Nowadays, technology provides many effective and affordable solutions to help visually impaired and blind people acquire mathematical skills. This paper is based upon a systematic review of technology-based mathematical learning solutions for visually impaired people and discusses the findings and objectives for technological improvements. It analyses the issues, challenges and limitations of existing techniques. We note that audio feedback, tactile displays, a supportive academic environment, digital textbooks and other forms of accessible math applications improve the quality of learning mathematics in visually impaired and blind people. Based on these findings, it is suggested that smartphone-based solutions could be more convenient and affordable than desktop/laptop-based solutions as a means to enhance mathematical learning. Additionally, future research directions are discussed, which may assist researchers to propose further solutions that will improve the quality of life for visually impaired and blind people.
A Field Based Perspective of the Volcanism in Tadpatri Formation of Proterozoic Cuddapah Basin, India: An Analog of the Deccan Traps?
Authors: De Saheli , Ray Jyotisankar , Dey Payel , Dutta Simran 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Field studies around Pulivendla (14º33'36"N: 78º19'48"E) belonging to the Tadpatri Formation of Proterozoic Cuddapah Basin document three distinct lava flows (based on internal layering), associated sediments (shale and sandstone) and intrusive dyke-sill system. The presence of previously undocumented internal layering namely Lower Vesicular Zone (LVZ), Lower Colonnade Zone (LCZ), Entablature Zone (EZ), Upper Colonnade Zone (UCZ) and Upper Vesicular Zone (UVZ) helps to delineate three lava flows in the study area. The associated sedimentary beds either correspond to lava cessation-period or dynamic lava-sediment interaction due to lava-cascading. The present study in Tadpatri Formation reveals volcano-sedimentological features analogous to that of Deccan Traps. It is postulated that magmatism within Tadpatri Formation might have been largely controlled by Proterozoic syn-rift plume activity (needs further corroboration by high precision major/trace/isotopic analyses).
Geochemistry of Stream Sediments from Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt, India: Implications on Sediment Type, Maturity, Source-area Weathering and Provenance
Authors: Patel Dhananjay Kumar , Nath Sudipto 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
During their flow through an area, the streams are used to erode, transport and re-deposit sediments in the number of cycles following the climatic variation in an area. This cycle in turn affect the chemistry of these sediments and hence the geochemical study of these sediments helps to understand the palaeo-climate, source-area weathering and provenance of the study area. In order to understand the geochemical classification of sediments, palaeoclimate, source-area weathering and provenance for stream sediments of the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt (EGMB), 364 stream sediment samples were collected from the area around Daringbadi, Kandhamal district, Odisha, India and analyzed for major oxides, trace elements and rare earth elements. These sediments are geochemically classified as shaly and wacke type, moderately mature and derived through the high intensity of weathering of source rock under warm and humid climatic condition. The positive correlation between Al2O3 and Fe2O3, MnO, and MgO, indicates multiple sources for sediment and these oxides are associated with clay minerals. The discrimination function diagram suggests a felsic igneous as well as quartzo-sedimentary provenance for these sediments whereas the ratio of Al2O3/TiO2 and concentration of V-Ni-Th suggest a felsic igneous source rock. The high concentration of LREE, slight enrichment of HREE and negative Eu anomaly indicate terrestrial or continental crust source rock. Hence the source rock for these sediments are granite gneiss, charnokite and khondalite present in and around Daringbadi area.
Organic Petrological Facets and the Evolution of Paleomire, Matasukh Lignite Deposits, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Naik A.S. , Singh Vishvajeet , Mohanty D. , Majhi R.K. , Kumar Govind , Upadhyay N. , Kumari Manju , Rai Shweta 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The present research work attempts to understand the organo-petrological facets of the lignite hosted in the Tertiary successions in Rajasthan. The maceral diversity was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively which recorded huminite as the dominant microscopic constituent followed by inertinite and liptinite. The rank parameter of coal evaluated through vitrinite reflectance measurement random (VRo) shows the values vary between 0.19 to 0.27% suggesting lignite in rank. The petrographic investigation point towards the primary phase of degradation of organic matter corroborated through the dominance of huminite suggesting frequent flooding and the presence of funginite, demonstrating intense fungal activity in the mire. The paleodepositional model records elevated values of gelification Index (GI) ranging from 1.63 to 3.88 with well-preserved cell structures pointing towards an early phase of coalification. The model and plot of GI and TPI show that the paleomire developed in a limnic setting.
Characterisation of Pre and Post-Tsunami Sediments by Grain Size Analysis Using G2Sd Package in R Programming from Nagoor to Poompuhar, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Sivanandam Yamini , S.E. Saranaathan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
India witnessed a massive tsunami on 26th of December 2004, which adversely affected the East coast of India. This research focuses on the coastline between Nagoor to Poompuhar, Tamil Nadu which lies for a stretch of 35 km. Eight stations, namely, Poompuhar, Chinnangudi, Kuttyandiyur, Chandrapadi, Kottucherimedu, Karaikal Beach, Vadakku Vanjiyur North, and Nagoor Beach were chosen and a total of 73 samples were studied. The motive is to study the characteristics of pre and post tsunami sediment samples by analysing their grain size. The statistics of the sediments were done using G2Sd package of R programme, which showed lowering in the mean values of phi, percentage of increase in bimodality, change in skewness, and moderately well sorted sediments post tsunami indicating high-energy circumstances. The bivariate plots were plotted between different parameters to get more insight about depositional environments. Linear Discriminate Functions reveal the samples of pre-tsunami were deposited by aeolian process but most of the post-tsunami samples were deposited by beach process and 100% are from shallow marine conditions. The CM pattern and tractive current plots reveal the gradual suspension in pre tsunami whereas rolling in post tsunami. The characteristics of sediments of pre- and post-tsunami in a more effective manner are presented in this paper.
Proposed Sequential Process to Identify Smaller Vulnerable Area from a Larger Area for Groundwater Modelling Studies using Groundwater Potential Zone and Stage of Groundwater Development Category Maps – A Study for Cheyyar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Narayanamurthi Vishnuvardan , Ramasamy Annadurai 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Groundwater modelling requires data from electrical resistivity surveying and pumping test, which consumes more time and cost for its collection for a larger area. In this study, using remote sensing data and GIS tools, a sequential process is proposed for finding the suitable vulnerable smaller area for groundwater modelling from a relatively larger area. The chosen larger area, Cheyyar river basin, Tamil Nadu, India spreading 4358 km2, has groundwater decline due to aquifer groundwater exploitation. Groundwater potential zone with river basin as boundary and stage of groundwater development with firrka boundary are used for this study. For comparison, 56 firrkas covering the entire river basin were reduced to 26 firrkas, with at least 95% preserved area after reducing along the river basin boundary. Groundwater potential zones were converted to a firrka-wise representative potential zone by considering mode as a central tendency. As all the firrkas come under the moderate category, it was further reclassified into good-skewed-moderate, moderate and poor-skewed-moderate. The combinational class was developed by combining the two category maps for each firrka. The over-exploited and critical categories under good-skewed-moderate and over-exploited under the moderate category were considered vulnerable combinations. A total of eight firrkas come under the vulnerable category. Based on data availability and data collection feasibility in the vulnerable firrkas, Kelur’s moderate overexploitation category is considered a smaller vulnerable area for groundwater modelling study.
210Pb Geochronology and Heavy Metal Fluxes in Darna and Gangapur Reservoirs, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Humane Sumedh K. , Ukey Rajeshree R. , Humane Samaya S. , Gajbhiye Pranit B. , Aparajit Nikhil 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The modern agricultural work mainly involves the use of synthetic fertilizers and large scale deforestation. The numerous agricultural activities around the Darna and the Gangapur Reservoirs of the Nashik Distirct, India have started the environmental issues such as an early or rapid eutrophication and heavy metal accumulations. Agricultural runoff and industrial wastes are proved to be the potential sources of heavy metals. The heavy metals may accelerate the effect of pollution on the environment with the decline in the biodegradability of the organic pollutants. The impacts of the anthropogenic activities with the passing time have been recorded in the form of geochemical elements accumulated as the part of bottom sediments of the reservoirs. The present study has revealed that the heavy metal concentration from the core sediments of the reservoirs displays the moderately high to highly positive inter-correlation. The historical profiles of both the reservoirs show the highest enrichments for Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, V, Sc and Eu. The impact of metal pollutants on both the reservoirs is explored with regard to the ages derived from the 210Pb geochronology and the constant rate of supply (CRS) model.
W-Li Potentials in the Tailing Dumps of Rewat Hill, Degana, Rajasthan, NW India; Constraints from Petrography and Geochemistry
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Bhardwaj Shishir , Sharma Achman , Sharma Vivek 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The largest tungsten deposit at Degana in NW India, hosted in Neoproterozoic (ca. 827±8.2 Ma) peraluminous granite emplaced within Delhi meta-sediments, characterized as vein and greisen types hydrothermal multi-metal deposit. A number of NW-SE trending quartz and pegmatite veins, intruded in granite, host tungsten and lithium of economic significance. Extensive mining for tungsten ore in the past resulted in huge amount of tailing dumps on hill slope of Rewat hill all over. These tailing dumps mainly contain greisenised granite, pegmatite and quartz-mica-wolframite veins which host anomalous W-Li-Sn-Mo-Ta multi-metals. In this study, we provide first-hand information on W-Li and associated rare metals potential of tailing dumps of Rewat hill using petrographic study and geochemical analysis. A total 7 samples from tailing dumps were analysed by ICP-MS indicate significant W values which ranges between 201.47 ppm to 2647.83 ppm with an average of 748.51 ppm, Li (1006.92 ppm to 6701.43 ppm, avg. 2743.64 ppm), Sn (22.77 ppm to 438.87 ppm, avg. 96.49 ppm), Mo (3.43 ppm to 254.21 ppm, avg. 63.0 ppm) and Ta up to 53.09 ppm. Ore beneficiation study on tungsten ore from tailing dumps by NML indicated that at 5% WO3, the grade of the pre-concentrate; a recovery of &gt; 60% could be achieved whereas at 30% WO3 grade the recovery is about 46%. However, IBM results indicated a recovery of 59.8% with 66.30-66.50% WO3 grade of final concentrate from tailing dumps having assay value between 0.14%-0.15% WO3.
Evaluation of Degree of Alteration in Fossil Ostracods from Middle Callovian-Lower Oxfordian Beds of Southern Part of Kachchh Basin, Gujarat, India by Characterizing Surface Roughness of the Shell
Authors: Muduli Ganesh Prasad , Kumari Manisha , Mahalakshmi T. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Before proceeding with any type of analysis, the condition of preservation of microfossil shells must be determined. Preservation of the shell affects tasks, such as holotype specimen selection, distribution chart, and specimen selection for geochemical analysis. The typical way to determine the degree of alteration is to use a visual examination under the stereo microscope. The deviation of visual characteristics such as colour and smoothness of the shell surface from unaltered shells depicts the alteration status. However, our eyes are frequently misled by the roughness of the shell created by tiny crystals that form due to recrystallization during the diagenesis process and are perceived to be smooth. In turn, the shell is regarded as well-preserved. To address these limitations, we have analyzed scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of ostracod shells using ImageJ, an image processing software, to determine the roughness parameters based on the grey value of the image. In addition, we compared the values of several parameters with different types of alterations, such as recrystallization and dissolution. This study aims to characterize the surface roughness of eight selected ostracod specimens from Middle Callovian to Upper Oxfordian beds of the southern part of Mainland Kachchh. The selected eight species - Cytherella masuguluensis, Progonocythere sp. A, Progonocythere jaisalmerensis, Bythocypris rajasthanensis, Paracypris contermia, Galliaecytheridea remota, Cytherelloidea sp. A, Cytherelloidea sp. B - belong to six genera and five families.
Satellite Derived Bathymetry and Water Level Change in Beysehir Lake
Authors: Erkoç Muharrem Hilmi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Several factors, including water level, depth, water quality, biodiversity, and tourist activities, play a crucial role in the sustainability of lakes, and therefore require constant monitoring. This study aimed to examine the water level changes of Lake Beysehir between 2015 and 2020 and determine whether there was a difference in bathymetry as the lake water level changed. To achieve this, lake water level data was first obtained from Copernicus Global Land Service, which uses satellite altimetry data to determine water level changes in Beysehir Lake. Sentinel-2 multispectral high-resolution satellite images obtained from Sentinel-Hub were then used to determine the depth of the lake. Finally, these high-resolution satellite images were processed using the open-source SNAP software developed by the European Space Agency. A decreasing trend of -9.8 ± 0.8 cm/yr in the lake water level between 2015 and 2020 was revealed by the analysis. The Empirical Satellite-Derived Bathymetry map was produced, and the maximum and average depth of the lake was determined after the required corrections were applied to the Sentinel-2 satellite images. The average depth, which was 8.44 meters in 2015, was found to have decreased to 4.06 meters in 2020. Additionally, a 0.92 correlation was found between the decrease in the lake water level and the average depth change.
Integrated gallium phosphide-waveguide polarization rotator based on rotating a horizontal slot by 45 degree for 700 nm wavelength
Authors: Salih Salwa Marwan , Tawfeeq Shelan Khasro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPolarization manipulation elements operating at visible wavelengths represent a critical component of quantum communication sub-systems, equivalent to their telecom wavelength counterparts. The method proposed involves rotating the optic axis of the polarized input light by an angle of 45 degree, thereby converting the fundamental transverse electric (TE0) mode to the fundamental transverse magnetic (TM0) mode. This paper outlines an integrated gallium phosphide-waveguide polarization rotator, which relies on the rotation of a horizontal slot by 45 degree at a wavelength of 700 nm. This will ultimately lead to the conception of a mode hybridization phenomenon in the waveguide. The simulation results demonstrate a polarization conversion efficiency of 99.99% (99.98%) for TE0-to-TM0 (TM0-to-TE0) mode conversion, with an extinction ratio of 46.14 (39.62) dB and insertion loss below 1.6 dB at the specified wavelength. Additionally, the fabrication tolerance with regard to the width, height, and half-beat length of the proposed structure is investigated.
The use of weighted multiple linear regression to estimate QTL × QTL × QTL interaction effects of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) doubled-haploid lines
Authors: Cyplik Adrian , Piaskowska Dominika , Czembor Paweł , Bocianowski Jan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractKnowledge of the magnitude of gene effects and their interactions, their nature, and contribution to determining quantitative traits is very important in conducting an effective breeding program. In traditional breeding, information on the parameter related to additive gene effect and additive-additive interaction (epistasis) and higher-order additive interactions would be useful. Although commonly overlooked in studies, higher-order interactions have a significant impact on phenotypic traits. Failure to account for the effect of triplet interactions in quantitative genetics can significantly underestimate additive QTL effects. Understanding the genetic architecture of quantitative traits is a major challenge in the post-genomic era, especially for quantitative trait locus (QTL) effects, QTL–QTL interactions, and QTL–QTL–QTL interactions. This paper proposes using weighted multiple linear regression to estimate the effects of triple interaction (additive–additive–additive) quantitative trait loci (QTL–QTL–QTL). The material for the study consisted of 126 doubled haploid lines of winter wheat (Mandub × Begra cross). The lines were analyzed for 18 traits, including percentage of necrosis leaf area, percentage of leaf area covered by pycnidia, heading data, and height. The number of genes (the number of effective factors) was lower than the number of QTLs for nine traits, higher for four traits and equal for five traits. The number of triples for unweighted regression ranged from 0 to 9, while for weighted regression, it ranged from 0 to 13. The total aaagu effect ranged from − 14.74 to 15.61, while aaagw ranged from − 23.39 to 21.65. The number of detected threes using weighted regression was higher for two traits and lower for four traits. Forty-nine statistically significant threes of the additive-by-additive-by-additive interaction effects were observed. The QTL most frequently occurring in threes was 4407404 (9 times). The use of weighted regression improved (in absolute value) the assessment of QTL–QTL–QTL interaction effects compared to the assessment based on unweighted regression. The coefficients of determination for the weighted regression model were higher, ranging from 0.8 to 15.5%, than for the unweighted regression. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the QTL–QTL–QTL triple interaction had a significant effect on the expression of quantitative traits. The use of weighted multiple linear regression proved to be a useful statistical tool for estimating additive-additive-additive (aaa) interaction effects. The weighted regression also provided results closer to phenotypic evaluations than estimator values obtained using unweighted regression, which is closer to the true values.