bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent innovations in fertilization with treated digestate from food waste to recover nutrients for arid agricultural fields
Authors: Skrzypczak Dawid , Trzaska Krzysztof , Mironiuk Małgorzata , Mikula Katarzyna , Izydorczyk Grzegorz , Polomska Xymena , Wiśniewski Jerzy , Mielko Karolina , Moustakas Konstantinos , Chojnacka Katarzyna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aims to explore the development of sustainable fertilizers from waste materials of a biogas plant and a brewery. These wastes, rich in organic carbon and nitrogen, were processed with sulfuric(VI) and phosphoric(V) acid mixture, facilitating the production of free amino acids and achieving waste sanitization. This treatment produced by-products, which extended the range of possible applications. The highest concentration of free amino acids (360 mg/l) was achieved through hydrolyzing with a 40% concentration medium over 24 h. In this case, the maximum levels were recorded for beta-alanine (69.3 mg/l), glycine (46.8 mg/l), isoleucine (43.5 mg/l), proline (36.2 mg/l), and valine (31.5 mg/l). The study presents two fertilizer technologies, with and without micronutrients, that satisfy European Parliament Regulation 2019/1009 (Ntot > 2%, Norg > 0.5%, Corg > 3%). Bioavailability of nutrients in the formulations ranged from 60 to 100%. The efficacies of these fertilizers were evaluated in 30-day pot trials with various plant species, with both single application and fertigation tested. Multielement analysis confirmed high nutrient transfer in the soil-plant system, and the inclusion of micronutrients led to biofortification of plant biomass in Cu (48.3 ± 7.2 mg/kg), Mn (249 ± 37 mg/kg), Zn (164 ± 25 mg/kg), and Fe (211 ± 32 mg/kg). These sustainable fertilizers present an alternative to traditional, non-renewable fertilizers and offer promising solutions for precision agriculture and environmentally conscious production.
Graphical abstract
Wohlbefinden nach dem Wechsel an weiterführende Schulen während der Coronapandemie
Authors: Vockert Theres , Nickl Johanna , Wedler Anna , Rathmann Katharina 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Der Übergang an die weiterführende Schule nach der Grundschulzeit bietet vielfältige Entwicklungschancen und kann zugleich ein kritisches Lebensereignis für Schulkinder sowie deren Wohlbefinden darstellen. Schulkinder, die in Zeiten der Coronapandemie die Schule wechselten, sahen sich zusätzlich zum Übergang mit weiteren Herausforderungen wie sozialer Distanzierung, Hygienemaßnahmen und Schulschließungen konfrontiert.

Ziel
Die Studie untersucht, unter Berücksichtigung der Perspektive der Schulkinder, Eltern und des Lehrpersonals welche Erfahrungen Schulkinder während des Übergangs an die weiterführende Schule in Zeiten der Coronapandemie im Hinblick auf das Wohlbefinden berichten. Weiterhin werden dabei mögliche Unterschiede im Wohlbefinden der Schulkinder zwischen den Schulformen und dem Geschlecht berücksichtigt.

Methodik
Im Rahmen des qualitativen Studiendesigns wurden leitfadengestützte Dialog- und Einzelinterviews mit 13 Schulkindern der 5. Klasse, 12 Eltern und 14 Lehrpersonen weiterführender Schulen in Hessen geführt (Erhebungszeitraum 2. Halbjahr 2020/2021). Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels strukturierender und zusammenfassender qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz.

Ergebnisse
Der Übergang während der Coronapandemie wurde vornehmlich positiv von Schulkindern wahrgenommen. Für das Wohlbefinden der Schulkinder waren Hygienemaßnahmen und Distanzlernen von größerer Bedeutung als der Übergang selbst. Hygienemaßnahmen und Distanzlernen erschwerten das Finden von Freunden an der neuen Schule, was sich wiederum negativ auf das Wohlbefinden der Schulkinder auswirkte. Etwaige Unterschiede zwischen den Geschlechtern oder Schulkindern unterschiedlicher Schulformen hinsichtlich des Wohlbefindens zeigen sich nicht.

Schlussfolgerung
Insbesondere in der ersten Zeit an einer neuen Schule ist die physische Anwesenheit in der Schule von großer Bedeutung. Damit Schulkinder ein hohes Wohlbefinden empfinden, bedarf es der Schule als sozialer Raum. Schule ist nicht nur Ort zur Vermittlung von Wissen, sondern insbesondere Übergangsprogramme unterstützen das Vernetzen und Kennenlernen der Schulkinder und fördern folglich das Wohlbefinden der Schulkinder.
The Evolution of Human Sociality. Categorizations, Emotions, and Friendship
Authors: Windzio Michael 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis overview describes the ambivalent result of humans’ evolution towards a social and cooperative species. The evolution of friendship, based on commitment rituals and norms, solved the problem of defection in reciprocal altruism. The social brain implies the cognitive capacity of “mentalizing” and of keeping track of the reputation of group members, but, equally as importantly, generates strong emotions depending on the degree of social integration or social exclusion. Strong emotions linked to categories of social relationships, in particular to friends who we regard as almost irreplaceable, generate commitment and reduce social transactions costs and thereby facilitate cooperation. A multilevel perspective on social categorizations reveals, however, that a similar mechanism applies between cultural groups, owing to cultural group-level selection. Humans apply categorical distinctions within and between groups. They distinguish in-group and out-group members by cultural markers, and, in addition, between friends and others. In this perspective, cultural markers generate categorizations and emotions that facilitate unconditional support if required, but can also result in out-group rejection, and, in combination with neurochemicals, in dehumanization as well.
Rethinking organized crime in Africa
Authors: Klantschnig Gernot , Frowd Philippe M. , Apard Elodie , Ike Tarela , Antonopoulos Georgios A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMuch of the existing research on organized crime in Africa has emphasised its development and proliferation from state and security perspectives. Such research often relies upon inflated facts for captivating public attention, is fuelled by sensationalist media reports and draws from conceptualisations that give an incomplete picture of the significance of illicit activities, both for the state and their role in enabling and sustaining people’s livelihoods. In contrast, this special issue proposes that more empirical research and analysis is needed to reveal the disjunctures between state and on-the-ground perceptions. Greater attention to a bottom-up vision of illicit activities can demonstrate how defining and understanding these practices through such binary terms as legal/illegal does not necessarily indicate how those engaged in them perceive them. Through bringing together a range of contributions from different disciplinary, theoretical and empirical perspectives, this special issue explores the space between official, policy-driven narratives of crime and the realities of the everyday nature of these practices, in a bid to rethink and challenge the ‘organized crime’ lens through which these activities are increasingly framed.
Optimization, Formulation, and Stability of Topical Rapamycin Used for Rare Tuberous Sclerosis Disease: from Ointment to Liposomes
Authors: Cortell-Fuster Clara , Martínez-Gómez María Amparo , Cercós-Lleti Ana Cristina , Climente-Martí Mónica 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Topical rapamycin has been established as an effective and safe therapy for facial angiofibromas in tuberous sclerosis. Different formulations have been tested for this skin disease, most using an ointment as a vehicle.

Purpose
To improve the classical formulation of topical rapamycin and to determine the validity period of the proposed options based on chemical, physical, and microbiological stability studies.

Methods
Four different 0.4% rapamycin formulations were prepared (ointment, emulsion, gel, and liposomes). The stability studies for each formulation over 56 days were as follows: (1) chemical: extraction with different solvents and high-performance liquid chromatography assay; (2) physical: pH, uniformity, extensibility, absence of crystals, absence of phase separation, and only for liposomal formulation, particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency were determined; and (3) microbiological: culture samples in blood-agar media.

Results
Only liposomes were chemically, physically, and microbiologically stable after 8 weeks. Ointment, emulsion, and gel formulations lost their chemical or physical stability before 56 days.

Conclusions
The authors describe four new formulations to improve the previous treatment for facial angiofibromas in tuberous sclerosis. The liposome-based formulation was the most appropriate according to chemical, physical, and microbiological stability studies. However, it would be necessary to carry out clinical studies to ensure the effectiveness and safety of this formulation and also guarantee an improvement in the quality of life of patients.
Introduction of the potter’s wheel as a reflection of social and economic changes during the La Tène period in Central Europe
Authors: Thér Richard , Mangel Tomáš 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on the introduction of pottery-forming methods employing rotational motion in relation to social and economic conditions and their transformations during the La Tène period in Central Europe. It explores the diversity of technological practices on a broader geographical scale in several regions of the Czech Republic with various demographic, social, and environmental conditions during this period. The study is based on the idea that a technological process is a cultural trait whose adoption is the result of a cultural selection. These interactions are facilitated by the performances of the technological process and its products. The technological analysis relies on a recently developed quantitative analytical technique based on calculating the orientation of components of the ceramic body supplemented by qualitative classification of diagnostic features observed on X-ray images and CT reconstructions. By applying the methodology to an extensive collection of pottery samples, we have obtained a robust picture of the adoption and spread of different variants of the application of rotational motion. Based on this evidence, we proposed evolutionary scenarios that show the unique interplay of the performances of the individual variants of this general innovative idea with specific local socio-cultural conditions.
Study on frictional behavior of SiCf/SiC composite clad tube clamping condition under nuclear irradiation
Authors: Xiao Chenglong , Shen Liangliang , Zhu Tianqi , Tang Jianbo , Xie Ximing , Fan Xinyu , Xu Jian , Ren Zhiying 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSilicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix (SiCf/SiC) composite is the key cladding material of nuclear fuel, which determines the safety and reliability of nuclear fuel storage and transportation. The replacement of its storage and transportation scenario needs to be completed by the manipulator, but the application of SiCf/SiC wear, fracture, and nuclear leakage in the snatching process of brittle-flexible-rigid contact in the irradiation environment has been seriously restricted due to unclear understanding of the damage mechanism. Therefore, the effects of irradiation dose and clamping load on the friction characteristics of the contact interface between SiCf/SiC clad tube are studied in this paper, and the effects of irradiation parameters and clamping force on the static friction coefficient of the contact interface between the clad tube and flexible nitrile are obtained. Based on the Greenwood-Williamson tribological model, a numerical model of the shape and structure of the contact micro-convex at the micro-scale of the clamping interface is constructed by introducing the multi-surface integral, and finally verified by experiments. The research results show that there is a unique “Irradiation suppression zone” under the clamping condition of SiCf/SiC cladding tube under the nuclear irradiation environment, and the growth of static friction coefficient slows down until stagnates after irradiation reaches a certain extent (600 kGy), and there will be a decline when the irradiation dose continues to increase, among which the clamping force of 15.2 N within the irradiation interval of 1,000 kGy can meet the safety of nuclear environment operation. The results of this paper can provide an important theoretical basis and application guidance for the safe operation of SiCf/SiC cladding tubes in the storage and transportation clamping process.
Coarsening effects on k-partite network classification
Authors: Eduardo Althoff Paulo , Demétrius Baria Valejo Alan , de Paulo Faleiros Thiago 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe growing data size poses challenges for storage and computational processing time in semi-supervised models, making their practical application difficult; researchers have explored the use of reduced network versions as a potential solution. Real-world networks contain diverse types of vertices and edges, leading to using k-partite network representation. However, the existing methods primarily reduce uni-partite networks with a single type of vertex and edge. We develop a new coarsening method applicable to the k-partite networks that maintain classification performance. The empirical analysis of hundreds of thousands of synthetically generated networks demonstrates the promise of coarsening techniques in solving large networks’ storage and processing problems. The findings indicate that the proposed coarsening algorithm achieved significant improvements in storage efficiency and classification runtime, even with modest reductions in the number of vertices, leading to over one-third savings in storage and twice faster classifications; furthermore, the classification performance metrics exhibited low variation on average.
Impact of metformin on hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis activity in women with autoimmune and non-autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism: a pilot study
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Kowalcze Karolina , Okopień Bogusław 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMetformin reduces plasma TSH levels if these levels are elevated. No study has investigated whether the hormonal effects of metformin are impacted by thyroid autoimmunity. The current study aimed to compare the effect of metformin on hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis activity between subjects with mild hypothyroidism of different origins.MethodsThe study population consisted of two groups of women with prediabetes and mildly elevated TSH levels, matched by age, insulin sensitivity, TSH, and thyroid hormone levels. Group A included 26 women with autoimmune thyroiditis, while group B enrolled 26 individuals with hypothyroidism of non-autoimmune origin. Both groups were treated with metformin (2.55–3 g daily). Circulating levels of TSH, total and free thyroid hormones, glucose, insulin, prolactin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, concentrations of thyroid antibodies, and structure parameters of thyroid homeostasis were assessed at baseline and 6 months later.ResultsAll patients completed the study. At baseline, both groups differed in concentrations of thyroid peroxidase antibodies, thyroglobulin antibodies, hsCRP, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The drug reduced TSH and Jostel’s index, with no difference between the study groups. The improvement in insulin sensitivity, observed in both groups, was more pronounced in group B than in group A. In women with autoimmune hypothyroidism, the drug increased SPINA-GT and decreased hsCRP levels. The remaining markers did not change throughout the study.ConclusionsThe obtained results suggest that, despite differences in thyroid output, the impact of metformin on TSH levels is similar in hypothyroid women with and without thyroid autoimmunity.
Inverse Scattering Problem for the High Order Schrödinger Operator at Fixed Angles Scattering Amplitude
Authors: Huang Hua , Li Huizhen , Zhou Zhigang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe consider the inverse scattering problem for the higher order Schrödinger operator $$H=(-\Delta )^m+q(x)$$

H
=

(
-
Δ
)

m

+
q

(
x
)

, $$m=1,2, 3,\ldots$$

m
=
1
,
2
,
3
,
…

. We show that the scattering amplitude of H at fixed angles can uniquely determines the potential q(x) under certain assumptions, which extends the early results on this problem. The uniqueness of q(x) mainly depends on the construction of the Born approximation sequence and its estimation.
Enhanced antioxidant activity and quality of olecranon peach fruits (Prunus persica L.) through synergistic application of exogenous nano-selenium and melatonin
Authors: Miao Peijuan , Dong Qinyong , Zhou Chunran , Li Dong , Yu Huan , Lin Yongxi , Wu Yangliu , Pan Canping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOlecranon peach, a significant economic crop in southern China, faces quality degradation due to pests, diseases, and pesticide residues. Melatonin (MT) and nano-selenium (Nano-Se) applied individually have been found to improve crop growth and abiotic stress resistance. However, the impact of different Nano-Se and MT ratios on olecranon peach quality remains uncertain. Plants were foliar sprayed with varying Nano-Se and MT ratios during the fruit set phase. A combined 5 mg/L Nano-Se and 10 mg/L MT (Nano-Se5 + MT10) effect outperformed individual treatments and the control in enhancing fruit quality. Nano-Se5 + MT10 notably increased peroxidase (190.3%) and superoxide dismutase (112.2%) activities, and reduced polyphenol oxidase activity (-13.2%), raised total sugars (33.3%), soluble protein (18.5%), and phenolic contents like apigenin (51.9%), vanillic acid (21.4%), ferulic acid (29.4%), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (317.2%) compared to the control. Correlation analysis linked antioxidant enzymes and phenolics in olecranon peach fruits to nutrient accumulation. Nano-Se5 + MT10 improves sweetness and quality by enhancing antioxidant ability (increased peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, decreased polyphenol oxidase and phenolics), and promoting soluble protein, total sugar, and phenolic accumulation. In conclusion, Nano-Se5 + MT10 application shows promise in enhancing olecranon peach quality and antioxidant attributes.
Graphical Abstract
Selective applications of excisional surgical treatments of cervical precancers
Authors: Wu Minxia , You Zhixue 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCervical precancers encompass high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and adenocarcinoma in situ. Treatment of precancerous lesions can reduce cervical cancer mortality and prevent the development of invasive cervical cancer. The choice of treatment regimen needs to follow the principle of individualization and should be based on a combination of factors, including the patient's age, fertility requirements, pregnancy status, pathological type, type of colposcopic transformation zone, patient's follow-up conditions, and the experience of the treating provider. This article presents an opinion regarding the appropriate indications for excisional surgery and total hysterectomy in the management of precancerous lesions of the cervix, with the aim of establishing standardized therapeutic approaches for the treatment of precancerous lesions of the cervix.
Gluing approximable triangulated categories
Authors: Burke Jesse , Neeman Amnon , Pauwels Bregje 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGiven a bounded-above cochain complex of modules over a ring, it is standard to replace it by a projective resolution, and it is classical that doing so can be very useful.Recently, a modified version of this was introduced in triangulated categories other than the derived category of a ring. A triangulated category isapproximableif this modified procedure is possible. Not surprisingly this has proved a powerful tool. For example: the fact that$\mathsf {D}_{\mathsf {qc}}( X )$is approximable whenXis a quasi compact, separated scheme led to major improvements on old theorems due to Bondal, Van den Bergh and Rouquier.In this article, we prove that, under weak hypotheses, the recollement of two approximable triangulated categories is approximable. In particular, this shows many of the triangulated categories that arise in noncommutative algebraic geometry are approximable. Furthermore, the lemmas and techniques developed in this article form a powerful toolbox which, in conjunction with the groundwork laid in [16], has interesting applications in existing and forthcoming work by the authors.
Controls on calving at a large Greenland tidewater glacier: stress regime, self-organised criticality and the crevasse-depth calving law
Authors: Benn Douglas I. , Todd Joe , Luckman Adrian , Bevan Suzanne , Chudley Thomas R. , Åström Jan , Zwinger Thomas , Cook Samuel , Christoffersen Poul 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe investigate the physical basis of the crevasse-depth (CD) calving law by analysing relationships between glaciological stresses and calving behaviour at Sermeq Kujalleq (Store Glacier), Greenland. Our observations and model simulations show that the glacier has a stable position defined by a compressive arch between lateral pinning points. Ice advance beyond the arch results in calving back to the stable position; conversely, if melt-undercutting forces the ice front behind the stable position, it readvances because ice velocities exceed subaqueous melt rates. This behaviour is typical of self-organising criticality, in which the stable ice-front position acts as an attractor between unstable super-critical and sub-critical regimes. This perspective provides strong support for a ‘position-law’ approach to modelling calving at Sermeq Kujalleq, because any calving ‘rate’ is simply a by-product of how quickly ice is delivered to the critical point. The CD calving law predicts ice-front position from the penetration of surface and basal crevasse fields, and accurately simulates super-critical calving back to the compressive arch and melt-driven calving into the sub-critical zone. The CD calving law reflects the glaciological controls on calving at Sermeq Kujalleq and exhibits considerable skill in simulating its mean position and seasonal fluctuations.
Reforming the Israeli High Court of Justice: Proposed versus Desirable
Authors: Segev Joshua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConstitutional courts are expected to operate under certain conditions (independence, transparency, democratic pedigree) and to resolve controversies in accordance with legal rules, principles and procedures. When these expectations are repeatedly frustrated, the legitimacy of the court is damaged and it is perceived as a partisan institution. This article discusses four structural problems in the operation of the Israeli High Court of Justice, which have contributed significantly to the Court's current legitimacy crisis: fact-finding, panel composition, standing, and judicial selection. The article examines the governmental reform plan with regard to these structural problems and proposes practical solutions for each of the problems.