bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kaempferol‐3‐O‐sophoroside (PCS‐1) contributes to modulation of depressive‐like behaviour in C57BL/6J mice by activating AMPK
Authors: Wang Rong , Hu Xiaolong , Liu Shumeng , Wang Jingjin , Xiong Fei , Zhang Xiaoqi , Ye Wencai , Wang Hao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeKaempferol‐3‐O‐sophoroside (PCS‐1) is the main component in Crocus sativus (Saffron), a herb with mood‐enhancing properties. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a potential therapeutic target for depression. This study explores the antidepressive‐like properties of PCS‐1 and its AMPK activation to confirm AMPK as a target for antidepression.Experimental ApproachCorticosterone (CORT)‐induced PC12 cell injury served as an in vitro model to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of PCS‐1. Neuro‐2a cells and primary neurons were utilized to evaluate the synaptogenesis role of PCS‐1. CORT‐induced mouse depression model and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model were used to assess the antidepressive‐like properties of PCS‐1 through behavioural tests, magnetic resonance imaging, and biochemical index measurements. Western blot and immunofluorescence assays were used to study the mechanisms of PCS‐1. Cellular thermal shift assay was used to confirm the binding target.Key ResultsPCS‐1 (12.5–50 μM) ameliorated CORT‐induced PC12 cell damage, oxidative stress and inflammation. PCS‐1 alone promoted an increase in synapses in Neuro‐2a cells and primary neurons. Oral administration of PCS‐1 (10 and 20 mg·kg−1) ameliorated weight loss, dyskinesia, and hippocampal volume reduction induced by CORT and CUMS. PCS‐1 bound to AMPK to improve the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and induce autophagy.Conclusion and ImplicationsPCS‐1 binds to AMPK to promote BDNF production and autophagy enhancement, ultimately achieving antidepressant effects. This study provides support for the clinical application of saffron petals and provides further evidence for AMPK as a potential target for antidepression.
A splice donor variant of GAS8 induces structural disorganization of the axoneme in sperm flagella and leads to nonsyndromic male infertility
Authors: Kherraf Zine‐Eddine , Barbotin Anne‐Laure , Martinez Guillaume , Mazet Aurélien , Cazin Caroline , Coutton Charles , Arnoult Christophe , Thierry‐Mieg Nicolas , Rives Nathalie , Rives‐Feraille Aurélie , Ray Pierre F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMotile cilia and flagella are closely related organelles structured around a highly conserved axoneme whose formation and maintenance involve proteins from hundreds of genes. Defects in many of these genes have been described to induce primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) mainly characterized by chronic respiratory infections, situs inversus and/or infertility. In men, cilia/flagella‐related infertility is usually caused by asthenozoospermia due to multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF). Here, we investigated a cohort of 196 infertile men displaying a typical MMAF phenotype without any other PCD symptoms. Analysis of WES data identified a single case carrying a deleterious homozygous GAS8 variant altering a splice donor consensus site. This gene, also known as DRC4, encodes a subunit of the Nexin‐Dynein Regulatory Complex (N‐DRC), and has been already associated to male infertility and mild PCD. Confirming the deleterious effect of the candidate variant, GAS8 staining by immunofluorescence did not evidence any signal from the patient's spermatozoa whereas a strong signal was present along the whole flagella length in control cells. Concordant with its role in the N‐DRC, transmission electron microscopy evidenced peripheral microtubule doublets misalignments. We confirm here the importance of GAS8 in the N‐DRC and observed that its absence induces a typical MMAF phenotype not necessarily accompanied by other PCD symptoms.
Psychiatric disorders associated with PCSK9 inhibitors: A real‐world, pharmacovigilance study
Authors: Deng Zhifang , Liu Jue , Gong Hongjian , Cai Xiaonan , Xiao Han , Gao Wenqi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between Protein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9 inhibitor (PCSK9i) and psychiatric adverse events (AEs) remains unclear due to the limitations of clinical trials. In this study, PCSK9i‐related psychiatric AEs were realistically observed and systematically summarized in the real world by data mining the FDA AE Reporting System (FAERS).MethodTotal AEs between the third quarter of 2015 and the first quarter of 2023 were obtained from FAERS. Psychiatric AEs were identified using disproportionality analysis and clinical prioritization of signals using a rating scale, followed by univariate logistic regression to explore factors influencing psychiatric AEs.ResultsPsychiatric AEs accounted for 6.7% of the total number of PCSK9i reports. Eighteen psychiatric AEs were defined as PCSK9i‐related psychiatric adverse events (ppAEs) (lower 95% CI of both ROR >1 and IC025 > 0). The median age of ppAE reports was 68 years, and female patients accounted for 22.67% of reports, including 41.40% of reports with a serious outcome. Eleven (61.11%) and seven (38.89%) ppAEs were classified as weak and moderate clinical priority, respectively. The median time to onset of ppAEs was 149 and 196 days after treatment with evolocumab and alirocumab, respectively. Patients weighing ≥80 kg were 1.59 times more likely to experience ppAEs.ConclusionThe results of this study facilitate the prioritization of psychiatric AE signals by healthcare professionals with the goal of mitigating the risk of PCSK9i‐related psychiatric AEs. However, as an exploratory study, our findings need to be confirmed in large‐scale prospective studies.
Expectations of Processing Ease, Informativeness, and Accuracy Guide Toddlers’ Processing of Novel Communicative Cues
Authors: Aguirre Marie , Brun Mélanie , Morin Olivier , Reboul Anne , Mascaro Olivier 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDiscovering the meaning of novel communicative cues is challenging and amounts to navigating an unbounded hypothesis space. Several theories posit that this problem can be simplified by relying on positive expectations about the cognitive utility of communicated information. These theories imply that learners should assume that novel communicative cues tend to have low processing costs and high cognitive benefits. We tested this hypothesis in three studies in which toddlers (N = 90) searched for a reward hidden in one of several containers. In all studies, an adult communicated the reward's location with an unfamiliar and ambiguous cue. We manipulated the processing costs (operationalized as inferential chain length) and cognitive benefits (operationalized as informativeness) of the possible interpretations of the cues. Toddlers processing of novel communicative cues were guided by expectations of low processing costs (Study 1) and high cognitive benefits (Studies 2 and 3). More specifically, toddlers treated novel cues as if they were easy to process, informative, and accurate, even when provided with repeated evidence to the contrary. These results indicate that, from toddlerhood onward, expectations of cognitive utility shape the processing of novel communicative cues. These data also reveal that toddlers, who are in the process of learning the language and communicative conventions of people around them, exert a pressure favoring cognitive efficiency in communicative systems.
Finding Structure in Modern Dance
Authors: Monroy Claire , Wagner Laura 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResearch has shown that both adults and children organize familiar activity into discrete units with consistent boundaries, despite the dynamic, continuous nature of everyday experiences. However, less is known about how observers segment unfamiliar event sequences. In the current study, we took advantage of the novelty that is inherent in modern dance. Modern dance features natural human motion but does not contain canonical goals—therefore, observers cannot recruit prior goal‐related knowledge to segment it. Our main aims were to identify whether observers segment modern dance into the steps intended by the dancers, and what types of cues contribute to segmentation under these circumstances. Experiment 1 used a classic event segmentation task and found that adults were able to consistently identify only a few of the dancers’ intended steps. Experiment 2 tested adults in an offline labeling task. Results showed that steps which could more easily be labeled offline in Experiment 2 were more likely to be segmented online in Experiment 1.
Optimal resting heart rate and ascites‐related death in patients with cirrhosis and ascites using nonselective beta‐blockers (ORCA)
Authors: Mingpun Warunee , Sobhonslidsuk Abhasnee , Chumnumwat Supatat 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNonselective beta‐blockers (NSBBs) may exacerbate ascites by impairing cardiac function. This study evaluated the impact of achieving a heart rate target of 55–60 beats per minute (bpm) on ascites‐related death and complications from worsening ascites in patients with cirrhosis and diuretic‐responsive ascites using NSBBs. A retrospective study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University (2012–2022) and analyzed patients with cirrhosis and diuretic‐responsive ascites using NSBBs (propranolol/carvedilol) for variceal bleeding prophylaxis. The outcomes were incidence of ascites‐related death and complications from worsening ascites, comparing the achievable target group (heart rate 55–60 bpm) and the unachievable target group (heart rate >60 bpm). A total of 206 patients were included in the study, with a median follow‐up time of 20 months. The patients were divided into an achievable target group (n = 75, median heart rate = 58.0 bpm) and an unachievable target group (n = 131, median heart rate = 73.6 bpm). Propranolol was the most used NSBB (95.1%). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for ascites‐related death from spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) or refractory ascites (RA) or hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) or hepatic encephalopathy (HE) showed no difference between the groups (adjusted HR 0.59 [0.23–1.54]; p = 0.28). Additionally, no significant difference was found in the incidence of complications between groups, including SBP, RA, HRS, and HE. Achieving a heart rate target of 55–60 bpm with NSBBs for variceal bleeding prophylaxis is safe in patients with diuretic‐responsive ascites and cirrhosis.
Whole blood viscosity is associated with reduced myocardial mechano‐energetic efficiency in nondiabetic individuals
Authors: Riccio Alessia , Cefalo Chiara M. A. , Mazzanti Camilla , Vero Laura , Fiorentino Teresa Vanessa , Massimino Mattia , Monea Giuseppe , Succurro Elena , Perticone Maria , Sciacqua Angela , Andreozzi Francesco , Sesti Giorgio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the association between myocardial mechano‐energetic efficiency (MEE) and whole blood viscosity (WBV) in nondiabetic adults participating in the CATAnzaro MEtabolic RIsk factors (CATAMERI) study.Methods1143 participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and an echocardiogram for myocardial MEE per gram of left ventricular mass (MEEi) measurement. WBV was measured as: [0.12 × h] + [0.17 × (p‐2.07)], where h is haematocrit and p is plasma protein levels.ResultsStudy population includes 595 males and 548 females with a mean age of 46 ± 12 years and a mean BMI of 30.0 ± 6.2 kg/m2. Individuals with normal glucose tolerance were 63%, while those with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and or the combination of both were 14.3%, 13% and 9.7%, respectively. A univariate analysis showed that MEEi was significantly associated with sex, age, smoking, BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA‐IR index, glucose tolerance, C‐reactive protein, haematocrit, haemoglobin, plasma protein and WBV. In a multivariable regression model including variables that were significantly associated with MEEi in univariate analysis, MEEi was associated with HOMA‐IR (β = −0.144, p < .001), age (β = −0.140, p < .001), WBV (β = −0.129, p < .001) and glucose tolerance (β = −0.064, p = .04). The independent association between WBV and MEEi remained statistically significant (β = −0.122, p < .001) when antihypertensive therapy and lipid‐lowering therapy were included in the model.ConclusionWBV is associated with decreased myocardial MEE independently of other cardiovascular risk factors.
The influence of a copper efflux pump in Histoplasma capsulatum virulence
Authors: Moraes Dayane , Tristão Gabriel Brum , Rappleye Chad A. , Ray Stephanie C. , Ribeiro‐Dias Fátima , Gomes Rodrigo Saar , Assunção Leandro do Prado , Paccez Juliano Domiraci , Zancopé‐Oliveira Rosely Maria , Silva‐Bailão Mirelle Garcia , Soares Célia Maria de Almeida , Bailão Alexandre Melo 
Published: November 2023

During the infectious process, pathogenic microorganisms must obtain nutrients from the host in order to survive and proliferate. These nutritional sources include the metallic nutrient copper. Despite its essentiality, copper in large amounts is toxic. Host defense mechanisms use high copper poisoning as a fungicidal strategy to control infection. Transcriptional analyses showed that yeast cultured in the presence of copper or inside macrophages (24 h) had elevated expression of CRP1, a copper efflux pump, suggesting that Histoplasma capsulatum could be exposed to a high copper environment in macrophages during the innate immune stage of infection. Accordingly, macrophages cultured in high copper are more efficient in controlling H. capsulatum growth. Also, silencing of ATP7a, a copper pump that promotes the copper influx in phagosomes, increases fungal survival in macrophages. The rich copper environment faced by the fungus is not dependent on IFN‐γ, since fungal CRP1 expression is induced in untreated macrophages. Appropriately, CRP1 knockdown fungal strains are more susceptible to macrophage control than wild‐type yeasts. Additionally, CRP1 silencing decreases fungal burden in mice during the phase of innate immune response (4‐day postinfection) and CRP1 is required for full virulence in a macrophage cell lines (J774 A.1 and RAW 264.7), as well as primary cells (BMDM). Thus, induction of fungal copper detoxifying genes during innate immunity and the attenuated virulence of CRP1‐knockdown yeasts suggest that H. capsulatum is exposed to a copper‐rich environment at early infection, but circumvents this condition to establish infection.
Adding cricket (Gryllus assimilis) flour in hybrid beef patties: physicochemical, technological and sensory challenges
Authors: Gomes Martins Victória M. , Milano Patrícia , Rodrigues Pollonio Marise A. , dos Santos Mirian , de Oliveira Aline Pedrosa , Savay‐da‐Silva Luciana Kimie , Ferreira Ignácio Câmara Ana K. , de Souza Paglarini Camila 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThe effect of replacing partially lean meat (21.7% protein, 4.5% fat) with cricket (Gryllus assimilis) flour (CF) in the physicochemical, technological and sensory properties of beef patties was evaluated. Four formulations were elaborated, a control with 66% w/w of beef (FC) and the others with substitution of the meat at 10 (F10%), 15 (F15%) and 20% w/w (F20%) levels with CF. Analysis of chemical composition, shrinkage, cooking yield, moisture and fat retention, pH, colour, lipid oxidation (TBARS), texture and sensory profile (Acceptance test and CATA questions) were performed. An increase in fat content, moisture and fat retention was observed in products with cricket flour. Adding CF resulted in softer meat products with lower shrinkage and cooking loss. FC was lighter and redder than products with CF. TBARS values were higher as CF addition increased, with no difference among FC and F10%. FC and F10% had greater sensory acceptance (scores above 8.0 and 7.0 for overall liking, respectively). By the CATA test consumers linked FC and F10% with the descriptors associated with overall liking, such as burger aroma, meat aroma and juicy and F15% and F20% were associated with undesirable descriptors such strange and unpleasant aroma, bad and dry appearance, sandy and crumbly. The results showed that cricket flour could replace beef by a fraction of up to 10%, obtaining a hybrid meat product with appropriate technological and sensory characteristics.
Leveraging Indian pulse proteins for plant‐based mock meat III: physicochemical characterisation, FTIR spectra and texture profile analysis of meat analogues
Authors: Penchalaraju Malleboina , Poshadri Achinna , Swaroopa Gugulothu , Nikkam Indra Teja , John Don Bosco Sowriappan 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThe current study was designed to supersede the meat protein with pulse‐based proteins and to determine the suitability of the processing method for commercialisation of plant protein meat analogues. The pulse protein concentrates (PPCs) were extracted from green gram, horse gram and cowpea using alkaline/isoelectric precipitation method. The PPCs were subjected for physicochemical, morphological, GC–MS and thermal analysis. The PPCs of green gram to horse gram to cowpea were used in the ratio of (20:20:20) T1, (30:15:15) T2 and (15:20:15) T3 to prepare deep‐fried meatballs. All the PPCs exhibited collapsed and wrinkled surface. The horse gram protein concentrates exhibited the highest denaturation temperature (Td °C) 89.50 ± 2.57 and enthalpy (ΔH (J g−1)) (287.73 ± 9.64) iterating better thermal stability compared to other samples. FTIR spectra indicated the presence of O–H stretching wide bands for mutton deep‐fried meatballs (3321.22 cm−1) and plant‐based deep‐fried meatballs (3288.28 cm−1), whereas PPCs in the region of (3275–3278 cm−1). Two C‐H bands and the main secondary structural components such as α‐helix, β‐sheet, β‐turn and random coil of PPCs were observed in the region of 1600–1700 cm−1. Amide N–H bending (1400–1500 cm−1) and the C–O stretching bands (1000–1300 cm−1) were observed for all the samples. The plant‐based deep‐fried meatball formulated at the ratio of 20:20:20 (T1) was closely related to the mutton deep‐fried meatballs in terms of organoleptic properties (colour, texture, juiciness and overall acceptability), colour properties (L* and b*) and textural properties such as hardness, adhesiveness and cohesiveness. These findings will open new research horizons in this area and pave the way for the commercialisation of meat substitutes, which will reduce the environmental impact and carbon footprint.
Chronic kidney disease and Charlson comorbidity index predict complications after robot‐assisted radical cystectomy: A single‐center study in Japan
Authors: Matsukawa Atsuki , Morizane Shuichi , Shimizu Ryutaro , Teraoka Shogo , Nishikawa Ryoma , Yamaguchi Noriya , Iwamoto Hideto , Hikita Katsuya , Honda Masashi , Nonomura Norio , Takenaka Atsushi 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate preoperative patient factors that may predict the occurrence of perioperative complications following robot‐assisted radical cystectomy at a single center in Japan.MethodsFrom 2013 to 2022, 103 patients underwent RARC at our institution. Complications within 90 days after surgery were assessed using the Clavien–Dindo classification. Preoperative characteristics and surgical outcomes were compared between cohorts with and without complications ≥grade 3. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors associated with perioperative complications.ResultsOverall, 27% of patients (27/103) experienced grade 3 or higher complications. The cohort that developed complications ≥grade 3 exhibited significantly higher Charlson comorbidity index (p = 0.046) and significantly lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (p = 0.048). Charlson comorbidity index ≥2 (p = 0.037) and estimated glomerular filtration rate <53 (p = 0.008) were independent predictors for the occurrence of complications ≥grade 3. The incidence of complications ≥grade 3 was 61.5% in the group possessing both factors, which was significantly higher than those in the groups possessing neither factor nor only one of the two factors.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the Charlson comorbidity index and preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate may be predictors of perioperative complications. It is important to evaluate the patient's preoperative characteristics and choose the surgical procedure accordingly.
Analysis and prevention of falls among community‐dwelling older adults in southern Thailand
Authors: Pantong Uraiwan , Trapero Isabel , Jareaprapal Urai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo analyse fall prevalence, risk factors and perceptions among Thai older adults to design a prevention model.DesignQuantitative and qualitative data were collected using a convergent parallel mixed‐methods design.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was conducted using secondary data from health screenings of older adults in 20 subdistrict hospitals in southern Thailand from January 2018 to September 2019 (n = 12,130). In‐depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with purposively sampled participants who were representatives of older adults and stakeholders (n = 50).ResultsThe quantitative analysis showed that the prevalence of falls was 12.1%. The independent risk factors were female gender, employment status, cognitive impairment, semi‐dependent functional ability, balance problems, vision impairment, hearing difficulties, use of medications, reliance on assistive devices and access to outdoor toilets. The qualitative analysis revealed misconceptions on falls and fall prevention measures among older adults and community stakeholders. In Thailand, healthcare providers and community nurses play a crucial role in providing primary advice and conducting interventions, yet they encounter obstacles due to lack of personnel, time constraints, limited resources, inadequate support and unclear policies. Stakeholders stress the urgency of improving practice guidelines, developing evidence‐based strategies and aligning with government policies.ConclusionsFall risk factors and prevention challenges among older adults were identified. Effective fall prevention programmes are needed.ImpactThe identified fall events may guide public health agencies and local administrations in planning fall prevention programmes. For implementation in Thai communities, teamwork among leaders and stakeholders is key.Patient or Public ContributionIDIs and FGDs were conducted with older adults, village health volunteers, nurses, healthcare providers, local organization administrators and village headmen.