bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation Nutrient of Larvae Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) on Fermented Palm Oil Sludge Culture Media
Authors: Ismail R , Trisna A , Tati V S , Amran M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Livestock business is affected by 50-70% of feed ingredients. Therefore it needs to find alternative feed ingredients either high nutrient or low cost. This study aims to examine the effect of palm oil sludge fermentation media with different types of fungi and dosage for maintan larvae black soldier fly. The method used in this study was an experimental method by Completely Randomized Factorial Design with 3 replications with 2 factors. Factor A is the type of fungi used with the three treatments and factor B is the dose used with the three treatments. Factor A was the type of fungi used: A1 (Pleurotus ostreatus), A2 (Lentinus edodes) and A3 (Phanerochaete chrysosporium). Factor B is the dose of fungi used: B1 (5%), B2 (7%) and B3 (9%). The variables observed consisted of protein content (%), fat content (%), crude fiber content (%). The mathematical model used is analysis of variance and if there are differences between treatments it is continued with the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that there were interactions with respect to the type of fungi used, crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber. The conclusion from this study is that palm oil sludge fermentation using the type of Lentinus edodes fungi at a dose of 7% can increase crude protein, reduce crude fiber and reduce crude fat of black soldier fly (BSF) larvae.
Analysis of Application of Corn Cob Biochar As Planting Media on The Growth of Mini Elephant Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum Cv. Mott)
Authors: Daulay A H , Sitepu F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The use of corn cob agricultural waste as a material for making Biochar is an alternative to the abundant utilization of corn cob, where until now, corn cob waste has become waste piled up and burned in corn sheller refineries without being utilized. This study aims to evaluate the vegetative Growth of mini elephant grass given different doses of corn cob biochar. This research was conducted experimentally using the complete randomized design (CRD) method, five treatments, and four replications, namely treatment P0 = control; P1 = corn cob biochar 5% polybag-1; P2 = Biochar 10%; P3 = Biochar 15%; and P4 = Biochar 20%. Parameters observed were plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, and fresh and dry weight. The results showed that the application of corn cob biochar had a good effect on the Growth of plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, and fresh and dry weight. The best results were obtained by applying 10% corn cob biochar, which produced an average number of tillers 238% more than the control, the number of leaves 275% more than the control, and fresh weight 394% higher than the control treatment.
The Effect of Dietary Suplementation with Curcuma Flour (Curcuma Zanthorrhiza) and Betaine on Mortality and Weaning Weight for Lactating Rabbits
Authors: Sinaga S , Silalahi M , Kaban B A E A , Novianto M Y 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of this research was to know the effects of giving curcuma flour (Curcuma zanthorrhiza) and betaine in lactating rabbits on mortality and weight of weaning rabbits (weaned 2 months). The research was carried out in April – June 2021 at the Rabbit Livestock Production Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University. This study used 18 New Zealand White rabbits with an average weight of 1.5 kg. The experimental method was used with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with consisted of three treatments and six repetitions. The treatments consisted of P0 = basal diet containing 0,8% curcuma flour, P1 = basal diet + betaine 0,05%, and P2 = basal diet + betaine 0.1%. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that the addition of curcuma flour and betaine had a significant effect on the mortality rate and weaning weight of rabbits. The use of betaine 0.1% to the rabbit diet resulted in the lowest mortality rate (5.56%) and the higher weaning weight (1,164.85 grams).
Palatability Test of Urea Molasses Multinutrient Block (UMMB) Based on Cocoa Pods Fermented with LMO (Local Microorganisms) in Sheep
Authors: Irsyad M , Yunilas  , Kaban B A E A , Sitorus D R , Ramadhani R , Soraya D 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aims to determine the benefits of giving UMMB (Urea molasses Multinutrient Block) based on cocoa fruit peels fermented by local microorganisms (LMO). The research was conducted at Dompet Dhuafa farm, Bulu Cina village, Hamparan Perak district, Deli Serdang. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The three treatments are K1 = UMMB containing 10% unfermented cocoa pods; K2 = UMMB containing 10% fermented cocoa pods; and K3 = UMMB containing 15% fermented cocoa pods. The parameters observed were palatability, feed consumption, feed conversion, and body weight gain. The results showed that UMMB (Urea molasses Multinutrient Block) based on fermented cocoa fruit peel with LMO did not significantly affect UMMB palatability, feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion of sheep.
Vaginal Cytology as a tool for estrus detection improves the success of artificial insemination in water buffalo
Authors: Duran D H , Duran P G 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Estrus detection in water buffalo is affected by the high incidence of poor manifestation inherent in this animal species. This affected the success rate of Artificial Insemination (AI) and Embryo Transfer (ET) due to the failure of perfect timing in AI and embryo-recipient synchrony in ET. While various ways of estrus detection were reported, the accuracy was interfered with by other symptoms that signify the health condition rather than the reproductive status of the animal. This results in a low conception rate and long calving intervals in AI and ET programs. Vaginal Cytology is a simple clinical tool of estrus detection that can also detect the pathological status of the reproductive tract and the perfect time for AI. While this is greatly used in canines, application in large animals was limited. The need to collect the swab from animals in the field and bring the smeared sample for analysis to the laboratory hindered its use and application. Our study, however, showed that by adopting this tool in estrus detection, increase in conception rate and calf production were achieved. A >60.0% cornification with the presence of >10 mm Graafian follicle is enough indicators of the perfect time for AI resulting in 80-100% conception. The development of a water buffalo vaginal chart helped determine the time of estrus. Strategies to adopt this tool for improved livestock reproduction are warranted.
Quality Evaluation of Chicken Sausage Incorporated with Andaliman Fruit Powder as Natural Preservatives at Cold Storage
Authors: Julianti E , Lubis Z 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This research was conducted to evaluate the quality of chicken sausage mixed with Andaliman Fruit Powder (AFP) in cold storage. The study was conducted using a completely randomized factorial design with the addition of AFP (A) as factor I consist of Ao = control (0%), A1 = 0.5%, A2 = 1.0%, and A3 = 1.5%, and storage time at cold temperatures (10 ± 2°C) (S) as factor II consist of So = 0 days, S1 = 7 days, S2 = 14 days, and S3 = 21 days. The sausages were packaged in vacuum plastic packaging. The addition of AFP significantly (p<0.01) decreased the cooking loss and Free Fatty Acids (FFA) of sausages, but increased the Water Holding Capacity (WHC), texture, organoleptic values of tenderness, texture, juiciness, and overall acceptability of sausages. During storage there was a significant increase (p<0.01) in the FFA, texture, WHC, but the organoleptic values of texture, elasticity, juiciness, and overall acceptability were not significantly different (p>0.01) during storage. The interaction between the addition of andaliman fruit powder and storage time only had a significant effect (p<0.01) on the WHC value of the sausages. From this study it was concluded that 1.5% of AFP could be used effectively to maintain the quality of sausages for 21 days of storage, while sausages without the addition of AFP could only maintain the quality for 7 days of storage at cold temperatures.
Effect of Addition Sinbiotic Isolate Pediococcus pentosaceus Strain N6 and Cassava Peel on Immunity Organs and Total Microbes in the Small Intestine of Super Native Chicken
Authors: Umar S , Hulu Y 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Factory feed is often added with antibiotics as a growth promoter. Giving synthetic antibiotics is very dangerous for health. This study aims to determine effect of addition synbiotic isolate Pediococcus pentosaceus strain N6 and cassava peel flour on the immune organs and total microbes in the small intestine of super native chickens. This research was conducted in Pancur Batu from September - December 2022. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments 5 replicates so that 20 experimental units were obtained. The super native chicken used were 100 DOC. The treatments given were P0 (basal ration without sinbiotic), P1 (basal ration + sinbiotic 150 ml/kg ration), P2 (basal ration + sinbiotic 300 ml/kg ration), and P3 (basal ration + sinbiotic 450 ml/kg ration). Parameters studied were weight percentage of immune organs and total microbial colonies. The results of this study indicated that the addition of synbiotic isolate Pediococcus pentosaceus strain N6 and fermented cassava peel flour up to a dose of 450 ml/kg as an alternative feed for native chickens increased percentage weight of spleen, thymus, bursa fabrisius, and total microbial colony of super native chickens.
The Potential of Oil Palm Plantation Byproducts as Feed for Beef Cattle
Authors: Hanum C 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Oil palm is one of the plantation commodities that Indonesia relies on to generate foreign exchange annually. The oil palm industry generates both solid and liquid waste. Oil palm waste is a byproduct of the oil palm industry that is not reused; however, with technological advancements, this waste can be utilized as supplementary feed, especially for ruminants. The waste obtained from oil palm plantations and oil palm mills includes oil palm fruit bunches, oil palm fibers, oil palm shells, oil palm kernel meal, oil palm leaves, and oil palm sludge. Mucuna barcteata can also be used as a protein source for animal feed. Research was conducted in the Sei Mangkei plantation, and feed trials were carried out in the Bangun PTPN III Plantation (Simalungun). The methods employed included surveys and laboratory research. Proximate analysis of the suspected feed sources was conducted by PT Saraswanti Indo Genetech Bogor, which encompassed total energy, moisture and ash content, total fat, protein, carbohydrates, crude fiber, calcium, and phosphorus. The weight gain of cattle after being fed the experimental diet was observed over a three-month period. The research results indicate that oil palm byproducts can support a population of 12,365 head of beef cattle per year. Mucuna bracteata, oil palm kernel meal, oil palm fronds, and solid decanter can be used as animal feed. A feed mixture containing 30% Mucuna resulted in the highest weight gain in cattle compared to the other three treatments, with an average daily gain of 0.97.
Effects of Different Inclusion Rates of Pre-Treated Rubber Seed Meal (RSM) on Physicochemical Properties of Juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii Feed
Authors: Khalid H N M , Jafri N A , Kari Z A , Mat K , Rusli N D , Mahmud M , Al-Amsyar Syed M , Sukri S A M , Harun H C 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The present study investigated the potential of rubber seed as an alternative ingredient partial inclusion with improved nutritional value and inexpensive freshwater prawn feed. Rubber seeds are proven to have a nutritional composition such as protein suitable in animal feed. In this study, Rubber Seed Meals (RSM) were formulated using different inclusion rates of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% Sodium Bicarbonate Treated Rubber seed (SBRS) as a partial replacement to fish meal in prawn diets, while feed without SBRS as control. The study’s objectives were to evaluate the chemical composition and sensory acceptability of the newly formulated RSM through proximate analysis, physical properties analysis and Textural Profile Analysis (TPA). Each of the analyses was performed in triplicates. The preliminary proximate analysis revealed that raw rubber seed powder contained a higher amount of crude protein (19.63%), crude fat (40.00%), crude fibre (7.20%) and metabolisable energy (4961 Kcal/kg) as compared to the SBRS powder. Among all treatments, a diet with 40% inclusion of SBRS showed the highest value of crude fat of 40.80% while with 0% SBRS has the lowest value of 27.22%. In conclusion, RSM with 20% inclusion of SBRS was found to be the most suitable diet that satisfies the nutritional needs of juvenile M. rosenbergii; due to its acceptable content of crude protein (32.70%), crude fat (31.88%), crude fibre (5.33%) and ash content (4.50%). In addition, diet with 20% inclusion of SBRS as the potential alternative prawn feed by having suitable physical properties with bulk density (0.57 g/mL) and sinking velocity (0.09 s/cm). In addition, values for hardness of the pellet were 1073 g and for cohesiveness and springiness were 1.15 and 8.46, respectively.
A successful smallholder cattle fattening project based on leucaena diets in eastern Indonesia
Authors: Shelton H M , Panjaitan T , Dahlanuddin  , Nulik J , Hau D K , Hilmiati N , Halliday M J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper describes the outcomes of a five-year (2011-2016) partnership project between the Indonesian Government and the Australian Centre for international Agricultural Research. The objective was to promote the use of Leucaena leucocephala for fattening cattle in the Provinces of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) and East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). Detailed biophysical and socio-economic measurements demonstrated that it was possible to double productivity of smallholder cattle by improving their nutrition based on feeding leucaena, thus improving the livelihoods of farming families. The results highlighted an opportunity to similarly enhance productivity of other smallholder cattle enterprises in Indonesia and in other tropical developing countries.
Modified Chameleon Swarm Optimization Algorithm to Improve the Power System Stability
Authors: Shivakumar R , Sowranchana S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Power system stability has been difficult due to the occurrence of low frequency oscillation in the modern power system. Oscillation is mainly due to sudden changes of frequency, load, voltage, active power and reactive power. In this paper we provide a damping solution to oscillate the low frequency by using modified chameleon optimization algorithm. Damping performance and stability analysis of system is done by proposed modified chameleon Swarm Algorithm compared with conventional chameleon Swarm algorithm and Genetic algorithm with different operating condition in terms of Real power, Reactive power and Load disturbances. The comparative results confirmed that the proposed controller exhibit higher damping ratio, and better damping of deviations in speed and power angle to improve the stability of the system.
The meaning of knowledge transfer in educating engineers for modern manufacturing technologies
Authors: Piili H , Huusko A , Kurvinen A , Pikkarainen A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The development of modern manufacturing technologies such as additive manufacturing and other laser-based manufacturing technologies have increased their usage, especially in engineering education. Education must correspond to different applications of these technologies to ensure the quality of their usage in the manufacturing industry. Laser-based technologies have an impact on society through companies and industry in the manufacturing sector as they are employing graduated students, who are more aware of the possibilities of the technologies. Traditional manufacturing industries are facing the era of digital transformation. There are vast differences between industries and different industry players as well as their ability to keep up with the transformation process. The pace of the process can depend on many different items that are related to the company organization and leadership, technology base and to the abilities to modify these. The pace can also depend on the processes of cooperation and development between other ecosystem players e.g., supply chain partners or development drivers such as customer industries. This study concentrates on one of the key issues, namely learning and adoption of new skills to tackle the change. Universities have a major role in the knowledge transfer from education to working life. To develop this, there is a need to identify the factors in university training or pedagogical choices that can speed up the process of transformation. The aim of this research is to identify the factors for knowledge transfer through arranging efficient education for laser-based manufacturing technologies, especially in engineering education. It was concluded that by educating engineers with sufficient knowledge about the technologies, the manufacturing industry can utilize the knowledge and implement laser-based technologies better in their operations.
In-process monitoring of track geometry as a control approach for laser metal deposition
Authors: Schinderling A , Bohlen A , Seefeld T , Falldorf H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Laser metal deposition (LMD) is an additive manufacturing process, which is used to generate large parts or for reconditioning machine components. During the process the welding tracks are affected by complex dynamic temperature-time curves that results in geometric deviations, which limits the build-up process. Therefore, complex structures are more difficult to manufacture with constant parameters. The present work describes an in-process monitoring system and first approaches of a control concept for LMD processes. It is set up using a newly developed laser triangulation sensor from Falldorf Sensor GmbH, which is trailing mounted. Due to the resistance to diffused radiation, e.g. from process light, it is possible to place the sensor close to the process zone which offers the possibility of a height control system. For the experiments, single tracks were welded from 316L powder by using a diode laser. The results show that the track width and height increase with rising laser power. Depending on the process parameter the height changes up to 29% and the width up to 58% if only the laser power is modified by 1800 W. The monitoring system forms a good basis for a later control concept, which can be used to make the process more stable in the case of complex structures.
Influence of buoyancy on phase separation during laser melting of Silicon and Iron ore
Authors: Yang Dan , Naesstroem Himani , Volpp Joerg 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Phase separation is a well-known effect in liquid-liquid interactions, which can also occur during laser-related processes such as laser melting and laser alloying. However, the mechanism of phase separation between immiscible liquids on a millimeter scale during rapid laser processes has not been fully investigated, in which the extent of buoyancy’s contribution to it has remained unclear. Therefore, this investigation focused on the effect of buoyancy on liquid phase separation during the laser melting of silicon (Si) and iron ore. A simplified 2D numerical model was established to simulate the motion of a single Si liquid droplet in iron ore melt with and without the impact of gravity, respectively. The rise velocity of the droplet was calculated and analyzed under the effect of gravity. In addition, the phenomena of simultaneous laser remelting of Si and iron ore in layers were recorded with a high-speed camera, and the element and phase distributions of the target nugget were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). By combining the simulation, high-speed imaging, and SEM/EDS analysis, the effect of buoyancy on phase separation has been qualitatively analyzed. This investigation revealed that buoyancy is not the main driving force of liquid-liquid phase separation during rapid laser processing.
Thermal post-treatment and material characterization of laser powder bed fusion additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Anand Abhinav , Devarajan Nagarajan , Gupta Rohit Kumar , Kamboj Nikhil , Ganvir Ashish 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Laser powder bed fusion of Ti-6Al-4V (PBF-LB/Ti-6Al-4V) alloy results in the formation of non-equilibrium microstructures due to very high cooling rates, causing them to be unfit for direct applications; therefore, post-heat-treatment operations are required. This paper investigates the effects of different heat treatment operations on the microstructure, hardness and phase composition of as-built PBF-LB/Ti-6Al-4V samples. Six sets of heat-treatment operations have been designed in which samples have been first subjected to either above or below the beta (β) transus zone of 980 °C, then subjected to air cooling or water quenching followed by ageing at 510 °C. The novelty of this article is performing double quenching on as-built Ti-6Al-4V parts. Optical microscopy, Vickers microhardness testing, and XRD analysis have been performed on heat-treated samples for material characterization. Microstructural studies have revealed that depending upon the cooling medium and subjected temperature during heat treatment, the extent of dissolution of martensitic (α′) needle-like phases present in as-built samples into α-β phase varies, resulting in variation of hardness values. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of β-phase along with the α-phase in the matrix in air-cooled heat-treated samples. Maximum hardness was obtained in the case when the sample was solutionized at 1050 °C, followed by water quenching and ageing due to the formation of intermetallic precipitates.
Effects of powder recycling on laser-based powder bed fusion produced SS316L parts
Authors: Gopaluni Aditya , Nayak Chinmayee , Piironen Aki , Kantonen Tuomas , Salminen Antti 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) is one of the extensively used additive manufacturing (AM) methods as the parts printed by PBF-LB/M have high resolution due to low layer thickness. Recycling and Reusing of the powder in this process has a significant impact on the surface roughness, mechanical properties such as hardness, elastic modulus and fracture strength etc. of the manufactured parts. The aim of the present study is to understand the effects of powder recycling on the properties of SS316L parts such as hardness and surface roughness. The developed method featured the use of SS316L powder five times over with weight percentage adjusted as required for the build job. The printed parts were checked for surface roughness across different surfaces with respect to the build direction along with Vickers hardness test. The surface roughness of the parts before polishing showed a steady increasing trend of about 40% with the recycling count while there was no significant effect on hardness as the values stayed in the range of 230+/-5 HV. Powder morphology studies with SEM displayed visible changes in terms of satellite formations, broken particles etc. with the increase in counts of recycling and particle size distribution showed a linear increase with the increase in recycling counts. This study was performed within the limited scope of a bigger study for which a detailed methodology of powder recycling will be developed.