bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fenfluramine‐induced serotonergic neurotoxicity in mice: lack of neuroprotection by inhibition/ablation of nNOS
Authors: Itzhak Yossef , Ali Syed F. , Anderson Karen L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPrevious studies have implicated a role for nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite in methamphetamine‐induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether NO is involved in serotonergic neurotoxicity caused by fenfluramine. In the first experiment, the effect of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor 7‐nitroindazole (7‐NI; 25 mg/kg × 4) on fenfluramine (25 mg/kg × 4)‐induced serotonergic neurotoxicity in Swiss Webster mice was investigated. In the second experiment, the effect of fenfluramine (25 mg/kg × 4) on nNOS (–/–) and wild‐type (WT) mice was investigated. Fenfluramine induced hypothermia in all three mouse strains, and 7‐NI had no thermoregulatory effect. Selective depletion of 5‐HT and 5‐HT transporter binding sites in the striatum, frontal cortex and hippocampus in all three mouse strains was observed, with no evidence of dopaminergic neurotoxicity. In the first experiment, 7‐NI did not attenuate serotonergic neurotoxicity in Swiss Webster mice. In the second experiment, nNOS(–/–) and WT mice were equally sensitive to serotonergic neurotoxicity. These findings suggest that NO and peroxynitrite do not mediate fenfluramine‐induced serotonergic neurotoxicity, and that NO is a selective mediator of amphetamines‐induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity.
Strengthening farmers' capacities for plant genetic resources conservation in Mali
Authors: Huvio Tiina , Sidibé Amadou 
Published: September 2003

AbstractFarmers in local communities have a considerable amount of information on their genetic resources both at the individual and community level. The farmers' knowledge is interweaved into their daily practices as a reserve accumulated over the generations. The Farmer Field Fora approach (FFF) has been conceptualized in order to activate farmers to identify the existing resources both in the crops they cultivate and in their knowledge, to recognize its value and to start using it more consciously. The FFF approach links the use of existing diversity to the possibility of having new varieties and to improving productivity. In weekly meetings farmers observe changes in the field between varieties, debate on them and draw conclusions. In every session a theme on plant development is debated among farmers with the aid of a facilitator. Close contact with researchers allows involvement with the breeding practices and enables the aims and conduct used in research to be understood. This empowers farmers to participate in a more active way in research, to apply more precise ways of observing and managing their genetic resources, and to link their work to conservation activities at the national and local level. The results of the FFF trial, which was carried out in 10 villages in the region of San in Mali in 2001, show an increased interest among farmers to observe varieties. The appreciation criteria used is multiple including yield, earliness, strong tillers, high number of tillers, and resistance for diseases and Striga. It seems obvious that even though the goal of the approach is on-farm conservation of plant genetic resources, it must be closely linked to farmers' interest. The variation of the results between villages demonstrates variability of climatic condition in this region and a high genotype—environment interaction. Further modifications of the approach are required in order to improve equitable participation of different stakeholders and improve the institutionalization of on-farm conservation.
Auxin Up-Regulates MtSERK1 Expression in Both Medicago truncatula Root-Forming and Embryogenic Cultures
Authors: Nolan Kim E. , Irwanto Rina R. , Rose Ray J. 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
We have cloned a SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE (SERK) gene from Medicago truncatula (MtSERK1) and examined its expression in culture using real time PCR. In the presence of the auxin 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) alone, root differentiation occurs from the proliferating calli in both the cultured highly embryogenic seed line (2HA) and a low to nonembryogenic seed line (M. truncatula cv Jemalong). Auxin stimulated MtSERK1 expression in both 2HA and M. truncatula cv Jemalong. Embryo induction in proliferating calli requires a cytokinin in M. truncatula and unlike root formation is substantively induced in 2HA, not M. truncatula cv Jemalong. On embryo induction medium containing NAA and the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), expression of MtSERK1 is elevated within 2 d of initiation of culture in both M. truncatula cv Jemalong and 2HA. However, MtSERK1 expression is much higher when both NAA and BAP are in the medium. BAP potentiates the NAA induction because MtSERK1 expression is not up-regulated by BAP alone. The 2HA genotype is able to increase its embryo formation because of the way it responds to cytokinin, but not because of the cytokinin effect on MtSERK1. Although the studies with M. truncatula indicate that somatic embryogenesis is associated with high SERK expression, auxin alone does not induce somatic embryogenesis as in carrot (Daucus carota) and Arabidopsis. Auxin in M. truncatula induces roots, and there is a clear up-regulation of MtSERK1. Although our analyses suggest that MtSERK1 is orthologous to AtSERK1, which in Arabidopsis is involved in somatic embryogenesis, in legumes, MtSERK1 may have a broader role in morphogenesis in cultured tissue rather than being specific to somatic embryogenesis.
Perturbation growth in terms of barotropic alignment properties
Authors: Riviéere G. , Hua B. L. , Klein P. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn order to study the error growth due to initial uncertainties in the model state, this paper examines the alignment dynamics of the perturbation velocity vector in quasi‐geostrophic flows. In a barotropic context, the time evolution of the perturbation velocity field is the sum of two terms: (i) the stretching of the perturbation velocity vector by the basic‐state velocity‐gradient tensor (denoted ∇<OVBAR>u</OVBAR>) and (ii) the perturbation ageostrophic pressure gradient, which also depends on ∇<OVBAR>u</OVBAR>. Different analytical results show that such a system has two types of preferred orientation that induce kinetic‐energy growth: one orientation concerns one eigenvector of ∇<OVBAR>u</OVBAR>, the other one is linked to a fixed point of the orientation equation of the perturbation velocity vector written in strain coordinates. This analytical diagnostic is confirmed by using Monte‐Carlo techniques in a quasi‐geostrophic oceanic‐basin model of a stratified wind‐driven double‐gyre circulation, and these orientations are shown to be the most probable. These preferred orientations are of great importance for diagnosing the most probable kinetic‐energy generation rate at each grid point. An interesting outcome is that the kinetic‐energy error field is localized in regions where the norm of ∇<OVBAR>u</OVBAR> is large. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society
Exploring the intragroup conflict constructs and behaviors of African American public school children in an inner‐city conflict resolution education (CRE) program
Authors: Scott K. Michelle 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe Consortium on Negotiation and Conflict Resolution's (CNCR) Conflict Resolution in Schools Program (CRiSP) conducted
a two‐year study of inner‐city African American public school children to discern any conflict constructs and behaviors that were
apparent in the children's intragroup interactions. This article presents findings of the CNCR study, including three emergent
themes—fears of victimization, identity conflict, and core values—that were consistently apparent in the children's demonstrations
of intragroup conflict constructs and behaviors.
Effect of coupling resistors on steady patterns in coupled oscillator networks
Authors: Moro Seiichiro , Matsumoto Tadashi 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe present authors recently reported synchronization phenomena in a star connection of several oscillators with identical characteristics through resistors. In such a system there occurs synchronization of the oscillators with deviated phases. Hence, extremely many phase conditions can be observed. The authors have also proposed a coupled oscillator network by extending this system. In the present network, many different phase patterns are observed. Based on its configuration, this network is a candidate for application as a cellular neural network (CNN). When this network is applied as a CNN, control parameters that characterize the behavior of the network are needed. In the present paper, the coupling resistors are recognized as such parameters. This paper examines how the variations of the coupling resistors affect the relationship between the initial state and the observed steady‐state pattern. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(1): 29–37, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10102
Parametric estimation of higher‐order spectra by tensor product expansion with coordinate transformation
Authors: Nishiguchi Yoshitomo , Toda Naohiro , Usui Shiro 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWhen the characteristics of non‐Gaussian time series, such as biological signals, are described, higher‐order spectra such as the bispectrum must be referenced in addition to the power spectrum. To obtain estimates having few statistical fluctuations, parametric estimation methods of these spectra should be established. In recent years, a simple discretization method (SDM) has been proposed as a numerical solution based on iterated integral transform of the stationary joint density probability function and the higher‐order spectra of nonlinear autoregressive models like a neural network autoregressive model. However, the SDM requires an amount of calculation memory that increases exponentially with respect to the lag order of corresponding models. In order to overcome this drawback, the tensor product expansion method (TPEM) where the joint probability density function is expanded as the sum of single‐variable functions was proposed. This method can suppress the increase in the required memory capacity to a linear increase. A numerical example has shown where the TPEM calculated the bispectrum more accurately than the SDM with an equivalent amount of memory. However, the relationship between the performance of tensor product expansion and the dependence properties of the target time series has not as yet been investigated. In this paper, we study the property dependence of the time series in the TPEM and point out the problem of worsening calculation accuracy for a time series in which values at each time instant highly depend on each other. As the solution, we propose a new method that introduces a linear coordinate transform in state space where the joint probability density function undergoes the tensor product expansion. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(1): 19–28, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10103
Structural impedance based damage diagnosis by piezo‐transducers
Authors: Bhalla Suresh , Kiong Soh Chee 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAlthough structural mechanical impedance is a direct representation of the structural parameters, its measurement is difficult at high frequencies owing to practical considerations. This paper presents a new method of damage diagnosis by means of changes in the structural mechanical impedance at high frequencies. The mechanical impedance is extracted from the electro‐mechanical admittance signatures of piezoelectric‐ceramic (PZT) patches surface bonded to the structure using the electro‐mechanical impedance (EMI) technique. The main feature of the newly developed approach is that both the real as well as the imaginary component of the admittance signature is used in damage quantification. A complex damage metric is proposed to quantify damage parametrically based on the extracted structural parameters, i.e. the equivalent single degree of freedom (SDOF) stiffness, the mass, and the damping associated with the drive point of the PZT patch. The proposed scheme eliminates the need for anya prioriinformation about the phenomenological nature of the structure or any ‘model’ of the structural system. As proof of concept, the paper reports a damage diagnosis study conducted on a model reinforced concrete (RC) frame subjected to base vibrations on a shaking table. The proposed methodology was found to perform better than the existing damage quantification approaches, i.e. the low‐frequency vibration methods as well as the traditional raw‐signature based damage quantification in the EMI technique. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Issues and challenges in strategic repositioning: the case of Cable and Wireless
Authors: Turner Colin 
Published: September 2003

Abstract

Between 1999 and 2002, Cable and Wireless (C&W) undertook a radical strategic repositioning as it sought to become more focused on key growth markets. Due to a combination of a declining external environment and an inadequate external environment, this process of strategic change failed to establish the company as an Internet powerhouse.
This article examines the strategic repositioning undertaken by Cable and Wireless throughout the period 1999 to 2002. It scrutinizes how the company has sought to transform itself from an integrated communications provider, covering many segments in many different locations, into a more focused operator targeting a specific commercial segment.
The major problems that the company encountered in this process of change are examined, notably in terms of the limit to strategies based on the perceived benefits of strategic focus. It concludes with an examination of what lessons can be learnt from its experience of strategic change.

Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Divided by a common business? Franchisor and franchisee relationships in the pub sector
Authors: Lashley Conrad , Rowson Bill 
Published: September 2003

Abstract

The relationship between franchisee and franchisor can be described as being based on a number of dynamic tensions that are clearly illustrated in the relationship between pub operating companies and their tenants and lessees. The differences in business objectives, control and support together with variations in power are common to all franchise relationships.
In the pub sector tensions are further intensified when the operating companies are constrained by legal and economic pressures. Short‐term concerns often result in tenants and lessees being located in pub properties that are not suited to their circumstances, resource and needs.
Selection and recruitment of tenants and lessees is often driven by the need to secure a rent‐paying tenant or lessee into a property. A consequence of this approach is that there is a high turnover of tenants and lessees that can add considerably to operating costs. In addition, many of the companies in this research were not providing their tenants and lessees with the levels of advice and support that might help the smaller firms overcome their resource disadvantage.
This paper argues that as the pub companies move increasingly towards high volume retail orientations they will need to examine some of the more formal franchise arrangements. These arrangements would involve much more careful scrutiny of potential tenants and lessees together with more centrally defined operating systems and closer support from business advisors.

Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating European Union structural funding programmes for tourism SMEs: a case from industrial South Wales
Authors: O'Sullivan D. , Stewart E. J. , Thomas B. , Sparkes A. , Young J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper considers the evaluation of a programme designed to improve the contribution of tourism to the economy of industrial South Wales. The evaluation of the Network of Excellence for Action in Tourism (NEAT) initiative is compared with recent thinking around two key areas of research into tourism and economic regeneration. First, is the need for alternative (non‐traditional) approaches to evaluation, and second, is the need for effective networks of communication between tourism employers to facilitate the effective demand for skills. This paper analyses the claim that tourism development programmes offer significant advantages other than those commonly identified by funding specifications. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A dynamic multicast routing satisfying multiple QoS constraints
Authors: Chakraborty Debasish , Chakraborty Goutam , Shiratori Norio 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn this paper we propose a QoS‐based routing algorithm for dynamic multicasting. The complexity of the problem can be reduced to a simple shortest path problem by applying a Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) service discipline. Using a modified Bellman–Ford algorithm, the proposed routing builds a multicast tree, where a node is added to the existing multicast tree without re‐routing and satisfying QoS constraints. With user defined life‐time of connection this heuristic algorthm builds multicast tree which is near optimum over the whole duration of session. Simulation results show that tree costs are nearly as good as other dynamic multicast routings that does not consider QoS. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional BEM for scattering of elastic waves in general anisotropic media
Authors: Niu Yuqing , Dravinski Marijan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBased on the full‐space Green's functions, a three‐dimensional time‐harmonic boundary element method is presented for the scattering of elastic waves in a triclinic full space. The boundary integral equations for incident, scattered and total wave fields are given. An efficient numerical method is proposed to calculate the free terms for any geometry. The discretization of the boundary integral equation is achieved by using a linear triangular element. Applications are discussed for scattering of elastic waves by a spherical cavity in a 3D triclinic medium. The method has been tested by comparing the numerical results with the existing analytical solutions for an isotropic problem. The results show that, in addition to the frequency of the incident waves, the scattered waves strongly depend on the anisotropy of the media. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elastodynamic guided wave scattering in infinite plates
Authors: Galán José M. , Abascal Ramón 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe scattering of elastic guided waves by defects in two‐dimensional infinite plates is analysed in the plane and antiplane cases, corresponding, respectively, to Lamb and SH modes. A hybrid boundary element–finite element technique is used, where the defect neighbourhood is discretized with quadratic boundary elements and the radiation condition in the plate is satisfied through a normal mode expansion. A semi‐analytical finite element technique is applied in the infinite plate to calculate its dispersion curves and normal modes. This hybrid technique, which showed excellent performance in the solution of Lamb wave reflection at the edge of semi‐infinite plates, is extended in this paper to a wider range of problems, such as Lamb mode scattering by delaminations and surface defects and SH mode interaction with step discontinuities. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Living systems science methodology for managing complexity and change
Authors: Simms James R. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractMethodologies for managing complexity and change based on living systems science are presented. Managing complexity and change requires an understanding of complex systems and their environments. Living systems science provides a means for understanding both the static and dynamic characteristics of living systems. This understanding is based on identification of the determinants of a system's behaviors and on the relationship between these behaviors and the determinants of behavior. Managing complex systems and their changes requires identification of those determinants that can be changed (managed) and the development of methodologies for analyzing systems' behaviors when the determinants are varied. The determinants of complex systems' behaviors are identified and methodologies for managing complex systems are provided. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on the chaos model of liquidity in the stock market
Authors: Chen You , Xuefeng Song 
Published: September 2003

AbstractFor a stock market, a critical problem is the maintenance of its liquidity. Market liquidity can be described in various ways, in particular, in terms of the bid/offer spread and the market depth. A model of market liquidity dynamics has been proposed in the literature. In our study, we improve on this model. On the one hand, we think that trading volume is determined by the total number of traders, as well as the relations between the numbers of buyers and sellers, while the model of Schmidt only considered the first term. On the other hand, Schmidt assumes that the number of ‘newcomers’ in the market is in proportion to the current number of trades. However, we all know that the continual rising or decrease of the price will also attract more buyers or sellers, that is, ‘newcomers’, into the market, which Schmidt has not taken for granted. On the assumption that price variation can be neglected, we discuss the conditions in which chaos will emerge through analysis of the Lyapunov exponent. Finally, we implement a computer simulation of the model in MATLAB, and obtain more interesting results. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uncovering system teleology: a case for reading unconscious patterns of purposive intent in organizations
Authors: Buckle Pamela 
Published: September 2003

AbstractContemporary organizations are teleological—purposive—structures, designed to fulfil myriad societal needs. The purposive efforts of any organization are shaped by knowledge. Organizational knowledge includes both conscious and unconscious dimensions. This paper argues that a similar duality applies to organizational teleology. Organizational behaviour unfolds in service to consciously understood teleological aims (such as corporate strategies and business plans) and also unconscious teleological aims (that are undesigned or emergent), which are subtler to detect. Said differently, organizational behaviour is always purposive. Many of the intentions driving organizational behaviour are publicly understood and sanctioned; others are less well understood and unsanctioned. To the degree that some purposive behaviour in organizations remains unconscious, it may detract resources from managerial objectives and confound organizational change efforts. Drawing from facets of systems theory, this paper briefly discusses collective, purposive, and patterned characteristics of unconscious behaviour that may help practitioners to detect and respond to it. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A three‐phase design methodology for complex social systems
Authors: Li Ya , Li Xibin 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe complexity of a theory must adapt to the complexity of the corresponding reality. According to classical systems theory, it is the structure that characterizes the organizing status of an organization or a system. This paper discusses the complexity of social systems, especially from the perspective of China's transformation, and argues that the organizing status of social systems can be conceived at three levels: institutional tizhi, organizational structure and operational guifan. To meet the needs of tackling complex social system issues, the paper further proposes a three‐phase design methodology which has made differences in the context of China's recent transition. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.