bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volt/VAr Regulation of the West Mediterranean Regional Electrical Grids Using SVC/STATCOM Devices With Neural Network Algorithms
Authors: Carlak H. Feza , Kayar Ergin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTReactive power compensation is now a challenging issue in maintaining adequate power quality and improving the performance of the transmission system. Many researchers have focused on the behavior of voltage in the unbalanced state, and the majority of the studies have been done with STATCOM. In this study, the increasing power demand in power grids and the challenges associated with maintaining power quality and stability are discussed. The power system in the western Mediterranean region of Turkey is modeled with the DigSILENT Power Factory program using real data. It highlights the importance of reactive power compensation and introduces FACTS devices as a solution to control power factors and reactive power in the grid. In the realistic model, voltage and reactive power regulation is achieved by using SVC and STATCOM devices to ensure voltage stability. A load flow and short circuit analysis is performed on the designed transmission system for a number of critical scenarios. The modeled power system is optimized for the size and location of the FACTS devices by applying genetic algorithms (GAs) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms to the selected busbars of the FACTS devices, a strategy designed to significantly reduce system losses. The load values used in the heuristics differ from those used in other studies in that they use a realistic load profile that varies randomly and instantaneously over the long term, as opposed to a fixed load profile. All the comparative results show that the STATCOM controller can maintain the most significant reduction in technical losses and excellent performance in controlling the reactive power response under various outages. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology has been validated in various outage scenarios, and it has been shown that it will reduce the total cost of electricity generation in the western Mediterranean region on an annual basis. Considering the results of the Turkish National Transmission System, increasing voltage sensitivity and reactive power control can be beneficial in reducing power transmission costs and maintaining the balance between generation and consumption.
A study of the 23 October 2022 southern England damaging MCS
Authors: Pryor Kenneth , Flack David L. A. , Smart David , Horton Sarah 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDuring the afternoon of 23 October 2022, a mesoscale convective system (MCS) developed and intensified over the English Channel and tracked north‐northeastward into southern England, producing widespread damaging winds and at least three moderate to strong tornadoes in Hampshire. In general, atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles from radiosonde observations and NOAA satellites indicated a high potential for severe thunderstorms, marginally severe straight‐line wind, and tornado occurrence over southern England. Radar and satellite observations showed coincidental high rain rates and very low storm‐top temperatures, as well as prominent trends in MCS organisation and intensity that suggested damaging outflow wind.
Effect of konjac glucomannan aerogel‐immobilized Chlorella vulgaris LH‐1 on oil‐contaminated seawater remediation and endogenous bacterial community diversity
Authors: Du Zhuorong , Wang Xudong , Song Zhao , Zhu Baikang , Feng Lijuan , Chen Zhi , Chen Qingguo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOcean oil spills can severely impact ecosystems and disrupt marine biodiversity and habitats. Microbial remediation is an effective method for removing thin oil slick contamination. In this study, the adsorption and degradation of low‐concentration oil spills by Chlorella vulgaris LH‐1 immobilized in konjac glucomannan (KGM) aerogel were investigated. The effect of the KGM aerogel‐immobilized C. vulgaris on the bacterial community structure in seawater environments was analyzed through bacterial diversity sequencing. In seawater containing 0.01 and 1.00 g/L of crude oil, after 14 days of remediation with the KGM aerogel‐immobilized C. vulgaris, crude oil removal rates of 98.73% and 95.13% were achieved, respectively. The FDA hydrolytic enzyme activity curve indicated that the microbial growth activity in the immobilized C. vulgaris group was significantly higher than that in other groups. After remediation, the top three dominant bacterial genera in the seawater were found to be Vitellibacter, Roseitalea, and Methylophaga. Vitellibacter, a genus known for its ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine environments, showed increased abundance in seawater treated with the KGM aerogel‐immobilized C. vulgaris, suggesting enhanced PAH degradation capability in the presence of the immobilized C. vulgaris. Functional prediction using PICRUSt indicated that the oil metabolism capability of bacteria was promoted by the KGM aerogel‐immobilized C. vulgaris.Practitioner Points
High degradation efficiency across various oil concentrations is exhibited by KGM‐immobilized microalgae.
KGM aerogels effectively confine C.vulgaris, reducing loss in marine systems.
The impact of KGM aerogel‐immobilized C. vulgaris on bacterial community structure in marine environments was analyzed.
Immobilized C. vulgaris enhanced the growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon‐degrading bacteria, such as Vitellibacter, in seawater.
Physicochemical Characterization at the Drawing and Bathing Points of Lake Kivu, by the Water Quality Index
Authors: Wand'arhasima L. , Zebaze Togouet S. H. , Djocgoue P. F. , Mbalassa M. , Masilya P. , Muvundja F. , Riziki J. , Hyangya B. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWater quality assessment in freshwater ecosystems is crucial for understanding their health and ensuring safe water use for various domestic purposes. This study on Lake Kivu highlights the significance of physicochemical parameters in evaluating quality dynamics by the water quality index (WQI). The sampling for physicochemical characterization, including T°, DO, EC, pH, TDS, SiO2−, PO43−, NO3−, salinity, transparency, and chlorophyll‐a, was collected in four campaigns: spatial (seven urban and seven rural drawing and bathing stations) and temporal (quarterly and seasonal), from August 2021 to June 2022, twice per season (rainy and dry). Eight parameters contributed to classifying the WQI, in global gradient, from strong to low of the average water quality. In rainy seasons, Lake Kivu water is slightly more disturbed but without spatially significant differences. WQI correlated significantly with nutrients (r = −0.845 for PO43−, −0.649 for NO3−, and −0.824 for SiO2−; p = 0.000), T° (r = −0.371; p = 0.005), and transparency (r = −0.359; p = 0.007), which are raised and promote toxic algal blooms (particularly Cyanophyceae). Water quality at urban and rural drawing and bathing points is inadequate for sustaining aquatic life. Chemical treatment, disinfection, and rigorous monitoring are necessary for safe use. The correlation between WQI and nutrient levels during the rainy season suggests that improving governance in reducing nutrient inputs into Lake Kivu catchments can sustainably enhance water quality at these use points. Physicochemical parameters are essential, but their standalone analysis often fails to capture water variations adequately. Focusing on these physicochemical parameters related to toxic Cyanophyceae, the biological analysis offers a complementary perspective with a multiparametric approach, including the WHO cyanophycean standards, not used to date, for aquatic life and the health of beneficiaries/users.
Influence of a tilted external magnetic field on interstitial fluid pressure within the spherical solid tumors
Authors: Ghanbari Ahmad , Khordad Reza 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn the present work, we have investigated the interstitial fluid pressure within a spherical solid tumor under a tilted external magnetic field. A proper form of the fluid flow equations, mass, and momentum conservation laws has been used in addition to the sufficient boundary conditions. The interstitial fluid pressure is analytically calculated and the effect of various parameters on the behavior of the tumor is studied. The obtained results have been compared with the experimental data. Our calculations show that in a homogeneous tumor with no necrotic core, drug particles are distributed non‐uniformly. This behavior occurred due to the interstitial pressure distribution. Also, we considered the critical tumor radius and critical necrotic radius and analyzed the pressure distribution for various parameters of necrotic radii. We showed that tumor radius has a critical size, and the drug particles transport to the tumors with a radius smaller than this critical size. Also, the magnetic field has a significant effect on this drug delivery. Thus, there is a critical necrotic radius in drug delivery, and therapeutic influences have occurred. We have studied the effect of the external magnetic field on the values of the critical necrotic radius. Our results are applicable to injecting anticancer drug agents into the human body.
Modeling shear‐induced flow dynamics in a thermal Riga channel containing radioactive rGO‐magnetite‐mercury in an intense electromagnetic rotational setting
Authors: Das Sanatan , Karmakar Poly , Pal Tilak Kumar , Ali Asgar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe main goal of our study is to examine the shear‐induced flow dynamics of a hybrid nanofluid (HNF) composed of rGO/magnetite‐mercury within a thermal vertical Riga channel in an intense electromagnetic rotational framework, invoking the existence of Hall and ion‐slip currents. The model configuration involves a static right wall and a left wall undergoing either impulsive motion (IM) or accelerated motion (AM), initiating fluid movement, which is mathematically represented by unsteady partial differential equations. The Laplace transform (LT) method is harnessed to get a closed‐form solution for the flow‐regulating equations. Through graphical representations, we detail the dominance of critical parameters on model functions and quantities for both IM and AM scenarios. Our key findings admit that an upswing in rotation and the modified Hartmann number significantly diminishes velocity components in both IM and AM cases. The primary velocity experiences a notable diminution with an amplification in the Hall and ion‐slip parameters, while the secondary velocity's magnitude strengthens. Primary and secondary velocities are consistently higher in IM compared to AM. A heightened modified Hartmann number reduces shear stresses at the moving wall due to primary flow in both IM and AM scenarios. Additionally, the magnitude of shear stresses at the moving wall is consistently more pronounced in IM than in AM, with shear stresses notably higher in IM. As the radiation parameter grows, the rate of heat transfer RHT at both channel walls diminishes. Moreover, rate of heat transfer for the HNF consistently exceeds that for the nanofluid (NF). The novelty of the study lies in its unique combination of a radioactive HNF, the thermal Riga channel, and electromagnetic rotational effects, providing new insights into the flow dynamics under extreme conditions, with potential applications in energy systems, nuclear reactor technology, spacecraft propulsion, satellite operations, space exploration, aerospace engineering, chemical mixing, and materials processing.
Design of neural networks to study the significance of induced magnetic field considering Darcy–Forchheimer flow of Casson fluid
Authors: Nawaz Yasir , Irfan Muhammad , Mansoor Muavia , Ashraf Muhammad Usman , Abas Siti Sabariah , Muhammad Taseer 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNowadays, Casson fluid has been broadly used in plasma, sweetie, coffee, and several polymer solutions, for which the analysis of its essential flow and transport of heat devices in multifaceted surroundings is of energetic importance. One exclusive specific of the Casson fluid is its exceptional aspects of yield stress. The Casson fluid works similarly to a dense when the shear power is less than the yield stress, whereas it collapses and arises to flow once the shear power is above the yield stress. This fluid benefits in describing fluids with unbounded viscosity at nil shear rate and nil viscosity at unbounded shear rate, which has fascinated greatly consideration. Here, the transport of heat via Darcy–Forchheimer Casson fluid considering induced magnetic effects has been studied by utilizing finite element method (FEM). The similarity alterations are exploited to convert the partial differential equations (ODEq) into ordinary differential equations (ODEq). A transformed method of FEM is an appropriate scheme when the interpolation is executed, exhausting the linear polynomials and derivatives of attained solutions are essential to be established. Furthermore, the working FEM is based on the weighted residual Galerkin method. Here, observed progressive values of magnetic factor rise that velocity field. For the authentication aims, fallouts are associated with those obtained results given in the past study with different methodologies. Moreover, the neural network tactic is working for input and aims to obtain solutions of reduced ODEq.
Activities for Ocean Literacy
Authors: Vita Laura , Dabbah Marcelle , Anta Alba Hérnandez , Monoga Ana Maria Montaña , Murray Emily Margaret , Quist Sofie Elise , Hayden-Nygren Juliana , Peftieva Olena , Ahmed Dana , Heckman Stéphanie , Porrone Arianna , Panieri Giuliana , Angeles Inés Barrenechea , Zimmermann Jane , Pooladi Mojgan , Nyanda Shamim Wasii 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter showcases over 20 examples of ocean literacy activities developed during the Ocean Incubator Network Living Laboratory and beyond (the Foraminifera Box contains more than six activities that can be downloaded freely). The authors of these activities include students, scientists, researchers, educators, linguists, legal scholars, and experts in accessibility. Each activity has been scrutinized through the educational and pedagogical lens of Marcelle Dabbah to ensure its efficacy and relevance. Both teachers and learners can find inspiration in these activities, which are available for download and can be tailored to meet specific learning objectives and classroom needs. Each activity is structured according to an outline developed by Laura Vita, and includes details such as the contributors, activity name, target audience, focus of the activity, learning objectives, and guidance or instructions.
Towards a Functional Continuum Operating System – ICOS MetaOS
Authors: Jaworski Artur , Kotlinski Marcin , Zrazinska Izabela , Masip-Bruin Xavier , Garcia Jordi , Esfandiyar Iman 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article presents the intermediate results of the ICOS project, which aims to create a meta-operating system for cloud continuum, and describes the adaption of ICOS in two (out of four) project’s pilot Use Cases. For each described scenario, the paper provides insight into the specific key architectural features, identifies the expected benefits, and provides some initial validation results. The purpose of this research is to highlight the advantages of using a metaOS in real scenarios as well as to illustrate the ease of integration into ICOS.
Outcomes of popliteal artery injuries in a level 1 trauma centre: a 6-year review
Authors: van Rensburg Kewen , Steyn Wilme , Cassimjee Ismail , Moeng Maeyane Stephens 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To determine modifiable and non-modifiable factors contributing to limb loss in PAI the relevance and accuracy of published scoring systems for PAI within a South African State hospital.

Methodology
Retrospective review of patients (> 18 years) with PAI, presenting to CMJAH trauma unit from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2022.

Results
Sixty-four patient records were analysed. Thirty (46.9%) had blunt trauma and thirty-four (53.1%) had penetrating trauma. Gunshot wounds (GSW) were the most common mechanism of injury (MOI). Blunt PAI had a 40% amputation rate and penetrating trauma, 33.3%. Forty-seven (73.4%) had a delay to surgery of > 6 h. The mean time to arrival at our emergency department was 478 min, and the mean time from arrival to surgery was 368 min (total delay of 838 min). The primary amputation rate was 28.6%, and 63.5% had successful limb salvage surgeries. The secondary amputation rate was 7.8%.

Conclusion
Compared to international literature, our rate of primary amputation is high (10% vs. 28.8%) and prolonged ischaemia is the likely cause. Only 17 (26.6%) patients presented before 6 h. Of the 45 patients that had an attempt at revascularisation, 7.8% had a secondary amputation. Thus, despite prolonged ischaemia, revascularisation should be attempted in patients with at least two viable compartments on fasciotomy. The MESS and POPSAVEIT scoring systems should not be relied on in patients with delayed presentations. Strengthening referral triage for suspected PAI to Level 1 Trauma centres directly will decrease the delays and likely improve the outcomes.
Erosion in the contact periphery in the initiation zone due to erosion of abrasive water jet
Authors: Ravasio Chiara , Conconi Simone , Stehle Daniel , Pude Frank , Poloprudský Jakub , Šiška Filip , Chlupová Alice , Hloch Sergej 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study deals with the kerf’s characteristics and examines the morphology of its upper part, known as the initial zone, when subjected to abrasive water jet machining. The hydrodynamics of the abrasive water jet were analyzed in relation to technological parameters, including traverse speed, abrasive mass flow rate, and stand-off distance, and their impact on the structural integrity of Copper 5457-T. Key assessments included the kerf’s top width, edge bevelling, the extent of the upper region impaired by abrasive particles, and subsurface hardness. The varied process parameters significantly influenced the kerf’s geometric features and structural integrity. Contrary to previous assertions, zones exhibiting post-peening effects were identified around the contact boundary. Microhardness tests revealed variations along the profile, influenced by the abrasive mass flow rate and kinetic energy distribution. The study found traces of compressive residual stresses in the contact area, suggesting deeper penetration of abrasive particles than initially anticipated, leading to the presence of compressive residual stresses in the subsurface regions.
Online forecasting using neighbor-based incremental learning for electricity markets
Authors: Melgar-García L. , Gutiérrez-Avilés D. , Rubio-Escudero C. , Troncoso A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Electricity market forecasting is very useful for the different actors involved in the energy sector to plan both the supply chain and market operation. Nowadays, energy demand data are data coming from smart meters and have to be processed in real-time for more efficient demand management. In addition, electricity prices data can present changes over time such as new patterns and new trends. Therefore, real-time forecasting algorithms for both demand and prices have to adapt and adjust to online data in order to provide timely and accurate responses. This work presents a new algorithm for electricity demand and prices forecasting in real-time. The proposed algorithm generates a prediction model based on the k-nearest neighbors algorithm, which is incrementally updated in an online scenario considering both changes to existing patterns and adding new detected patterns to the model. Both time-frequency and error threshold based model updates have been evaluated. Results using energy demand from 2007 to 2016 and prices data for different time periods from the Spanish electricity market are reported and compared with other benchmark algorithms.
Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation on the bilateral cerebellum to improve symptoms of ataxia with multiple system atrophy: a prospective, randomized, sham-controlled pilot study
Authors: Li Dongrui , Jiang Changchun , Liu Jiahui , Fan Yu , Hao Xiwa , Fu Meng , Xu Ying , Chen Xianpeng , Zhang Jinfeng , Liu Guorong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Ataxia is a common symptom in patients with Cerebellar subtype of Multiple system atrophy (MSA-C), but effective treatments remain elusive. The present study aims to investigate whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the bilateral cerebellum could relieve ataxia in patients with MSA-C.

Patients and methods
This is a single-center, randomized and double-blind trial. 26 patients with MSA-C were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group underwent (rTMS) in both cerebellum for 10 consecutive days, while the control group was given sham rTMS. The participants underwent clinical assessments at baseline (T0), and three follow-up timepoints, that is, immediately after the tenth treatment session (T1), 2 weeks (T2), and 4 weeks (T3) after T1. The Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia scores (SARA) was used as the primary outcome measure, with the Fatigue Severity Scale-9 (FSS-9), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 (HAMD-24) as secondary outcomes.

Results
Two-way repeated ANOVAs showed significant group × time interactions among SARA (p < 0.001), FSS-9 (p < 0.001), HAMA (p < 0.001) and HAMD-24 (p < 0.001). Post-hoc analyses showed that compared with T0, the activity group showed significant improvement in SARA, HAMA and HAMD-24 scores at T1, T2 and T3, and significant improvement in FSS-9 scores at T1 and T2, but no significant improvement in T3.

Conclusion
rTMS over bilateral cerebellum could provide short-term improvements for alleviating ataxia and the symptoms of fatigue, depression anxiety, but the beneficial effects last no more than 4 weeks.
Evaluating the transferability of adversarial robustness to target domains
Authors: Kopetzki Anna-Kathrin , Bojchevski Aleksandar , Günnemann Stephan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Knowledge transfer is an effective method for learning, particularly useful when labeled data are limited or when training a model from scratch is too expensive. Most of the research on transfer learning focuses on achieving accurate models, overlooking the crucial aspect of adversarial robustness. However, ensuring robustness is vital, especially when applying transfer learning in safety-critical domains. We compare robustness of models obtained by 11 training procedures on source domains and 3 retraining schemes on target domains, including normal, adversarial, contrastive, and Lipschitz constrained training variants. Robustness is analyzed by adversarial attacks with respect to two different transfer learning model outputs: (i) the latent representations and (ii) the predictions. Studying latent representations in correlation with predictions is crucial for robustness of transfer learning models, since they are solely learned on the source domain. Besides adversarial attacks that aim at changing the prediction, we also analyze the effect of directly attacking representations. Our results show that adversarial robustness can transfer across domains, but effective robust transfer learning requires techniques that ensure robustness independent of the training data to preserve them during the transfer. Retraining on the target domain has a minor impact on the robustness of the target model. Representations exhibit greater robustness compared to predictions across both the source and target domain.