bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA damage in lymphocytes of Indian rickshaw pullers as measured by the alkaline comet assay
Authors: Pandey Alok Kumar , Bajpayee Mahima , Parmar Devendra , Rastogi Subodh K. , Mathur Neeraj , Seth Prahlad K. , Dhawan Alok 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRickshaw pullers (RPs) engage in strenuous physical activity and are exposed to the air pollutants found in urban environments. Air pollutants and the reactive oxygen species generated by the physical activity both potentially can damage DNA. In the present study, the Comet assay, a sensitive tool for measuring DNA damage in single cells, was used to study genomic DNA damage in lymphocytes of Indian RPs. The study evaluated DNA damage in 118 healthy male volunteers, including 63 RPs whose work demanded high levels of physical activity for 7–9 hr/day, and 55 controls matched for age, habits, socio‐economic status, and exposure to air pollution. A significant increase was found for the mean Olive tail moment (arbitrary units) among the RPs (4.13 ± 0.11; P < 0.001) in comparison with the controls (3.21 ± 0.10). Likewise, comet tail length (μm) (RPs: 58.98 ± 1.01 vs. controls: 52.38 ± 1.24) and tail DNA (%) (RPs: 13.52 ± 0.31 vs. controls: 10.04 ± 0.24) were also significantly higher for RPs compared with those of their matched controls (both, P < 0.001). To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that physical activity due to occupation can produce DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real fire performance of partition assemblies
Authors: Manzello Samuel L. , Gann Richard G. , Kukuck Scott R. , Prasad Kuldeep , Jones Walter W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA series of real‐scale compartment tests was performed to provide information on the phenomenology of partition response and failure, to guide model development. Two partition assemblies of 2.44 m × 2.44 m were exposed to two intense fires from the time of ignition to beyond flashover. The assemblies were constructed using type X gypsum panels. The stud spacing and stud dimensions were fixed for both assemblies. Heat flux gauges provided time histories of the energy incident on the partitions, while thermocouples provided data on the propagation of heat through the partitions and on the progress toward perforation. Visual and infrared cameras were used to image partition behavior during the fire exposure. The results obtained from these experiments are discussed. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The changing face of HIV‐associated lymphoma: what can we learn about optimal therapy inl the post highly active antiretroviral therapy era?
Authors: Clayton Alison , Mughal Tariq 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEpidemiological data indicate that the risk of developing non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in HIV positive individuals is related to age and CD4 count (i.e. degree of immunosuppression). The prognosis of patients with HIV‐NHL has been shown to be linked to several features including age, stage, modified IPI, prior AIDS diagnosis, CD4 count, immunoblastic pathology, LDH, and HAART use. These features are, as would be expected, a mixture of prognostic factors relating to both the HIV, and to the NHL. Population studies indicate that the incidence of associated (HIV‐NHL) may be reducing with the advent of HAART, although not all studies concur. However, most population‐based studies have not as yet shown a significant improvement in the survival of patients with HIV‐NHL with HAART. The optimal chemotherapy for these patients is unknown, although it is generally accepted that CNS prophylaxis is mandatory. There is currently no good evidence of any survival benefit with increased dose intensity from large RCT. However, it must be borne in mind that the large randomised studies comparing differing dose intensities were undertaken before the advent of effective HAART. There is some evidence that there may be a subset of good prognosis patients who may benefit from more intensive therapy.6 Given that the prognosis of patients with HIV can now be considerably improved with HAART, we cannot necessarily assume that the same results would apply with regard to chemotherapy dose intensity. There is some evidence that there is a survival benefit from the addition of HAART to chemotherapy, although this is retrospective. It is likely, however, that the reason for this is that the HAART improves the prognosis of the patients from their HIV, and therefore reduces the number of patients dying from other HIV‐related illnesses whilst in remission from their lymphoma, as was seen in large numbers of patients in the earlier chemotherapy trials. It must not be forgotten that the prognosis of the patient's NHL is intimately linked to their prognosis with respect to the HIV. Although the number of patients with HIV‐NHL is currently few, there is a need for more trials of chemotherapy, particularly now in the HAART era, when the prognosis from the point of view of the HIV has improved so much. In particular, the issue of dose intensity needs revisiting for patients whose overall prognosis can be improved by commencing HAART. Patients with HIV‐NHL should be managed at specialist centres, and where possible should be managed as part of RCT. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Change in UHMWPE properties of retrieved ceramic total knee prosthesis in clinical use for 23 years
Authors: Oonishi Hironobu , Kim Sok Chol , Kyomoto Masayuki , Masuda Shingo , Asano Taiyo , Clarke Ian C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe alumina–ceramic total knee prosthesis developed by Kyocera Corp. was implanted in 1979, and was in clinical use for 23 years until total knee arthroplasty revision surgery in January 2002. It is believed that this is the longest clinical period of a ceramic total knee prosthesis reported to date in the world. In the present study, we gave consideration to the long‐term clinical stability of the alumina–ceramic femoral component as well as the mechanism of in vivo degradation of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) based on the evaluated wear, oxidation, and fracture toughness of the retrieved UHMWPE. We concluded that the degradation of UHMWPE by progressive oxidation is an issue to be solved in the future. To moderate stress concentration, use of a thin UHMWPE insert should be avoided. The low wear rate and the mild wear pattern observed this time suggest the possibility of reduced wear of the UHMWPE against the alumina–ceramic femoral component, and the usefulness of the alumina–ceramic total knee prosthesis component was recognized even after long clinical use. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005
Synthesis of low‐shrinkage polymerizable methacrylate liquid‐crystal monomers
Authors: Satsangi Neera , Rawls H. Ralph , Norling Barry K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAs a part of the continuous pursuit to develop an ideal resinous dental restorative material for use in large posterior cavity restorations, this article reports the easy, high‐yield synthesis and the incredibly low polymerization shrinkage property of a new bifunctional liquid crystal (LC) monomer. This new polymerizable nematic liquid crystal is the next higher homolog of the acrylate monomer reported in a previous work.1 It remains liquid crystalline between room and mouth temperatures and can be polymerized to isotropic polymer with the use of the same visible light inhibitor system as used with conventional monomers. The structure of this new monomer has been confirmed to be 2‐(t‐butyl), 1,4‐bis‐[4‐(6‐methacryloxy‐hexan‐1‐oxy)‐benzoyloxy]‐benzene. Unlike the synthesis of its acrylate homolog, when the same procedure is adopted for the synthesis of this compound, the recovery of the product is not split by a sizable amount of the by‐product. Therefore, the reaction is cleaner, with high yield and a less labor‐intensive purification procedure. Thus, the synthetic methodology has the potential for easy commercial scale‐up. The monomer (V) polymerizes at room temperature with a shrinkage of about 2 vol %, as compared to > 8 vol % for conventional control (GTE), at similar degrees of conversion. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005
Adhesive layer properties as a determinant of dentin bond strength
Authors: Bae Ji‐Hyun , Cho Byeong‐Hoon , Kim Jong‐Soon , Kim Min‐Soo , Lee In‐Bog , Son Ho‐Hyun , Um Chung‐Moon , Kim Chang‐Keun , Kim Oh‐Young 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe goal of this study is to evaluate the hypothesis that the properties of the resin adhesive might affect the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of multibottle dental adhesive system. In order to alter the properties, the experimental resin adhesives containing 2,2‐bis (4‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloyloxypropoxyphenyl)propane (Bis‐GMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) at various ratios were prepared. Degree of conversion immediately after curing (DC‐immed), degree of conversion at 48 h after curing (DC‐48h) of a thin coat of the experimental adhesives, the flexural strength (FS) of the bulk specimens made of the experimental adhesives, pH, viscosity at shear rate of 1 S−1, and the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) values of the adhesives to dentin were investigated. The maximum MTBS and FS values of the resin adhesives were observed when the ratio of Bis‐GMA/TEGDMA was 60/40. However, pH and viscosity values increased with increasing Bis‐GMA content in the adhesives. When Bis‐GMA content was more than 60 wt %, the viscosity increased exponentially and restricted the DC and FS, and accordingly decreased the bond strength. The stronger the resin adhesives were, the higher the bond strength to dentin could be obtained. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005
Heparan sulfates in skeletal muscle development and physiology
Authors: Jenniskens Guido J. , Veerkamp Jacques H. , van Kuppevelt Toin H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRecent years have seen an emerging interest in the composition of the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) and in the developmental and physiological roles of its constituents. Many cell surface‐associated and ECM‐embedded molecules occur in highly organized spatiotemporal patterns, suggesting important roles in the development and functioning of skeletal muscle. Glycans are historically underrepresented in the study of skeletal muscle ECM, even though studies from up to 30 years ago have demonstrated specific carbohydrates and glycoproteins to be concentrated in neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Changes in glycan profile and distribution during myogenesis and synaptogenesis hint at an active involvement of glycoconjugates in muscle development. A modest amount of literature involves glycoconjugates in muscle ion housekeeping, but a recent surge of evidence indicates that glycosylation defects are causal for many congenital (neuro)muscular disorders, rendering glycosylation essential for skeletal muscle integrity. In this review, we focus on a single class of ECM‐resident glycans and their emerging roles in muscle development, physiology, and pathology: heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), notably their heparan sulfate (HS) moiety. J. Cell. Physiol. 206: 283–294, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
17‐β‐estradiol elicits genomic and non‐genomic responses in mouse male germ cells
Authors: Vicini Elena , Loiarro Maria , Di Agostino Silvia , Corallini Serena , Capolunghi Federica , Carsetti Rita , Chieffi Paolo , Geremia Raffaele , Stefanini Mario , Sette Claudio 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEstrogens have been postulated to exert a detrimental effect on spermatogenesis in vivo. Since mouse male germ cells express estrogen receptors, we have investigated whether molecular pathways are activated by estrogen stimulation of these cells. Our results demonstrate that estrogen receptor β is expressed in mitotic and meiotic male germ cells as well as in the spermatogonia derived GC‐1 cell line. By using this cell line, we show that 17‐β‐estradiol triggers activation of a transcriptional response that requires a functional estrogen receptor. Moreover, GC‐1 cells respond to estrogens by transiently activating a signal transduction pathway that impinges on the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) ERK1 and ‐2. A similar dose‐dependent transient activation of ERKs was also observed in primary mouse spermatocytes in culture. Activation by the estrogen was specific because other steroids such as progesterone and dihydrotestosterone were ineffective and because it could be blocked by the selective inhibitor of the ERK pathway and by competitive inhibitors of the estrogen receptor. Finally, we observed that 17‐β‐estradiol does not affect spontaneous or induced apoptosis in cultured mouse spermatocytes, indicating that the apoptotic effects observed in vivo require additional testicular components. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
JC virus large T‐antigen and IGF‐I signaling system merge to affect DNA repair and genomic integrity
Authors: Reiss Krzysztof , Khalili Kamel , Giordano Antonio , Trojanek Joanna 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe progression of cancer is often associated with genomic instability, which may develop as a result of compromised defense mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of chromosomal integrity. These include defects in telomere preservation, chromosomal segregation, and DNA repair. In this review, we discuss molecular interactions between viral and cellular signaling components, which interfere with DNA repair mechanisms, and possibly contribute to the development of a mutagenic phenotype. Our studies indicate that large T‐antigen from the human polyomavirus JC (JCV T‐antigen) inhibits homologous recombination directed DNA repair (HRR)—causing accumulation of mutations in the affected cells (JCP 2005, in press)1. Surprisingly, T‐antigen does not operate directly, but utilizes insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‐1), which is the major signaling molecule for insulin‐like growth factor I receptor (IGF‐IR). Following T‐antigen‐mediated nuclear translocation, IRS‐1 binds Rad51 at the site of damaged DNA. This T‐antigen‐mediated inhibition of HRR does not function in cells lacking IRS‐1, and can be reproduced in the absence of T‐antigen by IRS‐1 with an artificial nuclear localization signal. The interplay described between the IGF‐IR signaling system and JCV T‐antigen in the process of DNA repair could be relevant, since nearly 90% of the human population is seropositive for JC virus, JCV T‐antigen transforms cells in vitro, is tumorigenic in experimental animals, and the presence of JC virus has been shown in an increasing number of biopsies of human cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 206: 295–300, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enzymatic Transformation of Bacterial Polyhydroxyalkanoates into Repolymerizable Oligomers Directed towards Chemical Recycling
Authors: Kaihara Sachiko , Osanai Yasushi , Nishikawa Kimihito , Toshima Kazunobu , Doi Yoshiharu , Matsumura Shuichi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: The enzymatic transformation into an oligomer was carried out with the objective of developing the chemical recycling of bacterial polyesters. Poly(R‐3‐hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHAs), such as poly[(R‐3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐co‐12%(R‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate)] and poly[(R‐3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐co‐12%(R‐3‐hydroxyvalerate)], were degraded by granulated Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on hydrophilic silica (lipase GCA) in a diluted organic solvent at 70 °C. The degradation products were cyclic oligomers having a molecular weight of a few hundreds. The obtained cyclic oligomer was readily repolymerized by the same lipase (lipase GCA) to produce the corresponding polyester in a concentrated solution. The cyclic oligomer was copolymerized with ε‐caprolactone using lipase to produce the corresponding terpolymers having an $\overline M _{\rm w}$ of 21 000. This is the first example of the enzymatic chemical recycling of bacterial PHAs using lipase. Poly(R‐3‐hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] was also degraded into the linear‐type R‐3HB monomer to trimer by P(3HB)‐depolymerase (PHBDP) in phosphate buffer at 37 °C. The degradation using PHBDP required a longer reaction time compared with the lipase‐catalyzed degradation in organic solvent. The monomer composition of the oligomer depended on the origin of the PHBDP. The R‐3HB monomer was predominately produced by PHBDP from Pseudomonas stutzeri, while the R‐3HB dimer was produced by PHBDP from Alcaligenes faecalis T1. Repolymerization of these oligomers by lipase in concentrated organic solvent produced a relatively low‐molecular‐weight P(3HB) (e.g., $\overline M _{\rm w}$ = 2 000).Degradation of P(3HB) by lipase in organic solvent into repolymerizable cyclic oligomer and degradation of P(3HB) by PHBDP in buffer into hydroxy acid type R‐3HB dimer.magnified imageDegradation of P(3HB) by lipase in organic solvent into repolymerizable cyclic oligomer and degradation of P(3HB) by PHBDP in buffer into hydroxy acid type R‐3HB dimer.
In vitro Enzymatic Degradation of Nanoparticles Prepared from Hydrophobically‐Modified Poly(γ‐glutamic acid)
Authors: Akagi Takami , Higashi Mariko , Kaneko Tatsuo , Kida Toshiyuki , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: Amphiphilic poly(γ‐glutamic acid) (γ‐PGA) was prepared by the introduction of L‐phenylalanine ethylester (L‐PAE) as a side chain. This γ‐PGA‐graft‐L‐PAE formed monodispersed nanoparticles in water. The particle size of the γ‐PGA nanoparticles could be controlled by the degree of L‐PAE grafting. The hydrolytic degradation and enzymatic degradation by γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (γ‐GTP) of these γ‐PGA nanoparticles was studied by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hydrolysis ratio of γ‐PGA was found to decrease upon increasing the hydrophilicity of the γ‐PGA. The degradation of the γ‐PGA backbone by γ‐GTP resulted in a dramatic change in nanoparticle morphology. With increasing time, the γ‐PGA nanoparticles reduced in size and finally disappeared completely.Time‐course of the changes in the morphology of the γ‐PGA nanoparticles following incubation with γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase.magnified imageTime‐course of the changes in the morphology of the γ‐PGA nanoparticles following incubation with γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase.
Morphological Characterization of PMMA/PAN Composite Particles in Nano to Submicro Size
Authors: Chen Wenping , Zhu Meifang , Song Song , Sun Bin , Chen Yanmo , Adler Hans‐Jürgen P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: It is necessary to use a selective staining agent to enhance image contrast for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) morphological characterization of polymer composite particles. However, the typical selective staining agents osmium tetraoxide and ruthenium tetraoxide are neither suitable for poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite particles. In this study, it was found that phosphotungstic acid (PTA) solution with 6.4 pH value is unsuitable for PMMA, but it can stain PAN. Therefore, it can be a selective staining agent in the TEM for PMMA/PAN composite particles. By controlling different thermodynamic and kinetic polymerization parameters, PMMA/PAN and PMMA/P(AN‐MMA) composite particles with nano to submicro sizes having different morphological structures were synthesized. TEM micrographs of all these composite particles with their predicted morphology have been compared, and the experimental results are completely consistent with the predictions.TEM micrograph of PMMA/PAN composite particles.magnified imageTEM micrograph of PMMA/PAN composite particles.
The Anisotropy of Fibrillar Silicate/Rubber Nanocomposites
Authors: Tian Ming , Cheng Lijun , Liang Wenli , Zhang Liqun 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: Fibrillar silicate (FS)/rubber nanocomposites were successfully prepared by directly mixing modified FS with rubber matrix. It is found that FS could be separated into nano‐fibrils with diameters less than 100 nm by the shear forces during mixing. The stress‐strain characteristics of these composites are similar to those for short micro‐fiber/rubber composites (SFRC). Nevertheless, these FS/rubber composites have some outstanding advantages over the conventional SFRC, even though the reinforcing effect of FS is restricted due to its small shape aspect ratio. More importantly, the differences in mechanical properties of the composites in the two different directions show that SBR/FS and NBR/FS composites both exhibit obvious anisotropy, which strongly depends on the preparation process, FS concentration, and rubber matrix. These factors were thoroughly investigated in this paper, and it can be concluded that the anisotropy of the composites was due to the orientation of nano‐fibrils.
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Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Long Glass Fiber Reinforced PA6 Composites Prepared by a Novel Process
Authors: Han Ke‐qing , Liu Zheng‐jun , Yu Mu‐huo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: Long glass fiber reinforced PA6 (LGF/PA6) prepregs were prepared by impregnating PA6 oligomer melt into reinforcing glass fiber followed by subsequent solid‐state polymerization (SSP) to obtain LGF/PA6 composite pellets. A conventional injection‐molding machine suitable for short glass fiber reinforced composites was applied to the processing of the prepared composites, which reduced the fiber length in the final products. Mechanical properties, thermal property, and fiber length distribution of injection molding bars were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the impact fracture surfaces and the surfaces of glass fiber after the SSP. It was found that the LGF/PA6 composites were of favorable mechanical properties, especially the impact strength, although the average length of glass fiber was rather short. By this novel process, the content of glass fiber in composite could be high up to 60 wt.‐% and the maximum level of heat distortion temperature (HDT) was close to the melting temperature of PA6. SEM images indicated the favorable interfacial properties between the glass fiber and matrix. The glass fiber surfaces were further observed by SEM after removing the matrix PA6 with a solvent, the results showed that PA6 macromolecules were grafted onto the surface. Furthermore, the grafting amount of PA6 was increased with SSP time.SEM images of impact fracture surfaces of LGF/PA6 composites (left) and of glass fiber surfaces after removing PA6 with 5 h SSP (right).magnified imageSEM images of impact fracture surfaces of LGF/PA6 composites (left) and of glass fiber surfaces after removing PA6 with 5 h SSP (right).
Synthesis and cationic photopolymerization of electroactive monomers containing functional groups
Authors: Lazauskaitė Rūta , Gražulevičius Juozas Vidas 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe synthesis and cationic photopolymerization of different cationically polymerizable monomers containing electroactive groups are reviewed with 98 references. The preparation of various compounds containing electron‐donor or electron‐acceptor moieties and photopolymerizable functional groups is described. After a short discussion of basic principles of cationic polymerization, photoinduced cationic polymerizations of various cationically polymerizable monomers containing both electron‐donor or electron‐acceptor chromophores and the functional groups such as epoxy, vinyl, thiiranyl, oxetanyl and others are reviewed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.