bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An omnidirectional planar microstrip antenna with low sidelobes
Authors: Bancroft Randy , Bateman Blaine 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAn omnidirectional printed planar microstrip antenna with low sidelobes is described. The radiation pattern of this antenna is analyzed numerically using the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method and compared with the measurements of a prototype. The driving point is unbalanced, which allows the antenna to be fed directly with a coaxial cable. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 68–69, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20210
A dual‐band strip‐sleeve monopole antenna fed by CPW
Authors: Cheng C. H. , Lv W. J. , Chen Y. , Zhu H. B. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA dual‐band strip‐sleeve monopole antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) is presented. The antenna is designed to operate at 900 and 1800 MHz in a vehicular telephone. It is printed on a dielectric substrate and may be integrated with a microwave circuit manufactured on the CPW. It has been investigated numerically and experimentally. The results show that the designed antenna can provide satisfactory performance for GSM/DCS systems, including a sufficiently wide‐frequency band and a good radiation pattern. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 70–72, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20211
Extension of Hodgkinson's model for optical characterization of columnar thin films
Authors: Chiadini Francesco , Lakhtakia Akhlesh 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAn extension of Hodgkinson's model for the principal refractive indexes and column‐inclination angle of a columnar thin film against the vapor‐incidence angle is presented for an extraordinary refractive index relevant for many optical applications. Not only do the principal refractive indexes depend quadratically on the vapor incidence angle, but the extraordinary refractive index does as well. This model is expected to be valid for chiral sculptured thin films as well. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 72–73, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20212
Study of optical heterodyne mixing characteristics in an A1InAs/GaInAs transferred‐substrate double heterojunction bipolar transistor
Authors: Kwak N. M. , Kim H. J. , Kim H. T. , Choi W. J. , Cho K. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe beat‐frequency dependency of the optical heterodyne mixing characteristics of a transferred‐substrate A1InAs/GaInAs double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) have been investigated from 1 to 25 GHz in 1‐GHz steps at a center wavelength of 1319 nm. The experimental results show a high‐speed but low‐responsivity response followed by a low‐speed but high‐responsivity response. The 3‐dB bandwidth of the low‐speed response is 3 GHz. Various ways of increasing the high‐frequency responsivity are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 74–77, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20213
Group velocity, negative and ultra‐high index of refraction in photonic band gap materials
Authors: Ojha S. P. , Srivastava Sanjeev K. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis paper shows that inside photonic band gap (PBG) materials the effective index of refraction neff, defined in terms of group velocity, becomes negative in a certain range of frequencies. Also, near the photonic‐band edge the effective index of refraction neff attains exceptionally high values, which are greater than the refractive indices of the materials (n1 and n2) used. This is related to the anomalous behaviour of group velocity, which becomes negative in a certain range and approaches zero near the photonic‐band edge. PBG material with a modified index of refraction has applications in the system of lasing without inversion and can also be used in construction of a perfect lens and other optical devices. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 82–87, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20216
Relationships of sexual imposition, dyadic trust, and sensation seeking with sexual risk behavior in young Urban women
Authors: Jones Rachel 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis study was designed to examine the relationships of sexual imposition, dyadic trust, and sensation seeking with HIV sexual risk behavior in 257 young urban women. Interviews were conducted using Audio Computer‐Assisted Self‐Interview (ACASI). Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that sexual imposition, dyadic trust, and sensation seeking explained 18.3% of the variance in sexual risk behavior. Although sexual imposition was positively related to sexual risk, pressure to satisfy a male partner sexually was more common than physical coercion. Dyadic trust was negatively related, indicating that women engaged in sexual risk behavior with men they distrusted. Sensation seeking was positively related to sexual risk. Findings suggest the need for enhancing awareness of non–sexually imposing relationship alternatives and incorporating thrill and excitement in health promotion messages. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:185–197, 2004
Indomethacin and ibuprofen preserve gastrocnemius muscle mass in mice bearing the colon‐26 adenocarcinoma
Authors: McCarthy Donna O. , Whitney Pamela , Hitt Andrew , Al‐Majid Sadeeka 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSkeletal muscle wasting is a prominent feature of cancer cachexia and involves decreased muscle protein synthesis and increased activity of the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway of protein degradation. We report that both indomethacin and ibuprofen improved body weight and weight of the gastrocnemius muscle in tumor‐bearing mice. Ibuprofen increased the soluble protein content of the muscle without affecting muscle levels of phosphorylated p70 S6 kinase, a ribosomal kinase involved in protein synthesis. Paradoxically, indomethacin increased levels of ubiquitin‐conjugated proteins. Further study is needed to understand the mechanism of action by which indomethacin and ibuprofen preserve body weight and muscle mass in the tumor‐bearing mice. The data suggest that ibuprofen may have beneficial effects in the treatment of cancer cachexia. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:174–184, 2004
Using tissue adjacent to carcinoma as a normal control: an obvious but questionable practice
Authors: Braakhuis Boudewijn JM , Leemans C René , Brakenhoff Ruud H 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWhen carcinoma tissue is investigated using biochemical, immunohistochemical, and genetic techniques, adjacent tissue that is macroscopically normal is frequently used as a control, since cancer‐related pheno‐ and geno‐typic alterations are assumed to be absent. However, a field that contains genetically abnormal cells surrounds a significant proportion of carcinomas (for example, over 30% of head and neck cancers). These fields can be large (>7 cm in diameter) and consist of cells that are clonally related to the carcinoma. This indicates that adjacent epithelium must be checked for genetic abnormalities before it is considered normal and used as a control for comparison with carcinoma. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of luminal and basal cytokeratins in human breast carcinoma
Authors: Abd El‐Rehim Dalia M , Pinder Sarah E , Paish Claire E , Bell J , Blamey RW , Robertson John FR , Nicholson Robert I , Ellis Ian O 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe have examined basal and luminal cell cytokeratin expression in 1944 cases of invasive breast carcinoma, using tissue microarray (TMA) technology, to determine the frequency of expression of each cytokeratin subtype, their relationships and prognostic relevance, if any. Expression was determined by immunocytochemistry staining using antibodies to the luminal cytokeratins (CKs) 7/8, 18 and 19 and the basal markers CK 5/6 and CK 14. Additionally, assessment of α‐smooth muscle actin (SMA) and oestrogen receptor status (ER) was performed. The vast majority of the cases showed positivity for CK 7/8, 18 and 19 indicating a differentiated glandular phenotype, a finding associated with good prognosis, ER positivity and older patient age. In contrast, basal marker expression was significantly related to poor prognosis, ER negativity and younger patient age. Multivariate analysis showed that CK 5/6 was an independent indicator for relapse free interval. We were able to subgroup the cases into four distinct phenotype categories (pure luminal, mixed luminal/basal, pure basal and null), which had significant differences in relation to the biological features and the clinical course of the disease. Tumours classified as expressing a basal phenotype (the combined luminal plus basal and the pure basal) were in a poor prognostic subgroup, typically ER negative in most cases. These findings provide further evidence that breast cancer has distinct differentiation subclasses that have both biological and clinical relevance. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triazine reaction of cyanate ester resin systems catalyzed by organic tin compound: kinetics and mechanism
Authors: Li Wenfeng , Liang Guozheng , Xin Wenli 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe mechanism and kinetics of the thermal cure reaction of two cyanate esters (CEs), 1,1′bis(4‐cyanatophenyl)ethane (AroCy L‐10) and bisphenol A dicyanate ester (BADCy), in the presence of dibutyl tin dilaurate (DBTDL) has been investigated using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was found that the organic tin compound (H9C4)2Sn(NCO—R—OCN)2, an active catalyst, has high catalytic efficiency in the polymerization of cyanate esters. The consuming rate of cyanate concentration showed a first‐order dependence on both active catalyst and the cyanate ester monomer concentration. The apparent activation energies (Ea) and frequency factors of both AroCy L‐10 and BADCy were calculated. A mechanism of cyclotrimerization was proposed, based on the kinetic data and FTIR spectra, which involves the formation of an active catalyst and the catalysis of the active catalyst. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Selected properties of pH‐sensitive, biodegradable chitosan–poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel
Authors: Wang Tao , Turhan Mahir , Gunasekaran Sundaram 
Published: May 2004

AbstractChitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were used to form a semi‐interpenetrating polymeric network with glutaraldehyde as the cross‐linker. The molecular weight and degree of deacetylation of the chitosan were 612 kDa and 72 %, respectively. The chemical bonds formed by the cross‐linking reaction and transition of these bonds in different pH media were investigated. The gelation property of the chitosan–PVA pregel solution and mechanical properties of the hydrogel were studied. The FTIR spectra of the hydrogel before and after swelling at pH 3 and pH 7 indicated formation of Schiff's base (CN) and NH3+. They also showed pH‐induced transition of CN to CN, and NH3+ to NH2, as well as the instability of the Schiff's base. The chitosan is essential for hydrogel formation through Schiff's base reaction between the amino groups of the chitosan and the aldehyde groups of the glutaraldehyde. The addition of PVA improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. However, PVA tends to leach out at longer swelling times in the acidic medium due to hydrolysis of the gel networks, Schiff's base. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Contribution of interferometry in evaluating structural parameters for drawn textile fibres
Authors: Shabana HM 
Published: May 2004

AbstractTwo‐beam and multiple‐beam interferometric techniques were used to determine the refractive indices, birefringence and isotropic refractive index of nylon 6 and polyethylene fibres drawn to different draw ratios. These optical parameters contributed in solving the density problem of the drawn fibres in terms of the density of the undrawn fibre. Related parameters such as, crystallinity, number of monomer units per unit volume, polarizability of monomer unit, molar refractivity and certain other parameters were then calculated. In addition, mechanical parameters, such as shrinkage stress, strain and stress optical coefficients, were also calculated. Moreover, the optical orientation function and orientation angle were evaluated. Microinterferograms and relationships between the parameters obtained are given for illustration. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Aggregate formation and release behaviour of hydrophobic drugs with graft copolypeptide‐containing tryptophan
Authors: Sugimoto Hideki , Nakanishi Eiji , Hanai Takayoshi , Yasumura Takashi , Inomata Katsuhiro 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn this study, amphiphilic graft copolypeptides containing L‐tryptophan (Trp) were prepared by aminolysis reaction of poly(γ‐benzyl L‐glutamate)‐graft‐poly(Trp) with 2‐amino‐1‐ethanol and then treated with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Graft copolypeptide hydrogel membranes treated with TFA were also obtained by same method as the graft copolypeptide in the presence of crosslinking agent. By using these graft copolypeptides and hydrogel membranes, aggregation behaviour and sustained‐release of hydrophobic substance were investigated. In aqueous medium, graft copolypeptides formed aggregates 90 nm in diameter and exhibited the ability to uptake hydrophobic substances into their hydrophobic moiety. TFA‐treated graft copolypeptide showed a pH response; the diameter and uptake ability of the graft copolypeptide were decreased below pH 2.0. This pH response is due to the dissociation of the indole ring of Trp treated with TFA in this pH region. The pH response of drug release from hydrogel membrane treated with TFA was also observed. The hydrophobic drug, testosterone, was released continuously at pH 2.0, whereas the release of testosterone was depressed at pH 5.0. These results can be explained by aggregation and dissociation of Trp residues in the graft copolypeptide. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Thermal degradation and morphological studies on cotton cellulose modified with various arylphosphorodichloridites
Authors: Dahiya JB , Rana Sushila 
Published: May 2004

AbstractCellulose arylphosphonate compounds have been synthesized and investigated by the kinetics of thermal degradation by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) from ambient temperature to 600°C. Various kinetic and thermodynamic parameters such as energy, entropy and free energy of activation have been obtained from TG curves using the Broido method and transition state theory. The high values of enthalpy change (1016 and 1025 J g−1) of decomposition and oxidation reactions corresponding to the last two exotherms of the DSC curves of cellulose are decreased to a greater extent in the case of cellulose arylphosphonate compounds. The values of activation energy for the decomposition stage of cellulose arylphosphonate compounds lie in the range 25–49 kJ mol−1 and are found to be lower than that of pure cellulose, namely 165 kJ mol−1 in air atmosphere. Scanning electron micrographs of phosphorylated cotton cellulose and chars show furrowed and fractured surfaces although the morphology of the original fibres remains largely unchanged. Furthermore, higher char yields of cellulose derivatives leads to the conclusion that such derivitisation may give rise to flame‐retardant treatments for cellulosic materials. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Protein expression profiling identifies molecular targets of quercetin as a major dietary flavonoid in human colon cancer cells
Authors: Wenzel Uwe , Herzog Angelika , Kuntz Sabine , Daniel Hannelore 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA high dietary intake of plant foods is thought to contribute to the prevention of colorectal cancers in humans and flavonoids as part of such a diet are considered to contribute to those protective effects. Quercetin is a major dietary flavonoid consumed with a diet rich in onions, tea, and apples. We used HT‐29 human colon cancer cells and investigated the effects of quercetin on proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation as processes shown to be disregulated during cancer development. To identify the cellular targets of quercetin action, two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed and proteins altered in expression level after quercetin exposure of cells were identified by mass spectrometry of peptide fragments generated by tryptic digestion. Quercetin inhibited the proliferation of HT‐29 cells with an IC50‐value of 81.2 ± 6.6 μM. Cell differentiation based on surface expression of alkaline phosphatase was enhanced 4‐fold and the activity of the pro‐apoptotic effector caspase‐3 increased 3‐fold. Those effects were associated with the regulation of heat‐shock proteins and annexins shown to both play a crucial role in the process of apoptosis. Cytoskeletal caspase substrates were found as regulated as well and various proteins involved in intermediary metabolism and in gene regulation showed altered steady‐state expression levels upon quercetin treatment of cells. In conclusion, quercetin alters the levels of a variety of proteins involved in growth, differentiation, and apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Their identification as molecular targets of quercetin may explain the anti‐cancer activities of this flavonoid.
Differential protein expression in MCF7 breast cancer cells transfected with ErbB2, neomycin resistance and luciferase plus yellow fluorescent protein
Authors: Wang Daojing , Jensen Ronald H. , Williams Katherine E. , Pallavicini Maria G. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractGene transfection is frequently used to explore the molecular and phenotypic consequences of introduced genes. Breast cancer cell lines transfected with genes for growth factor receptors, intracellular signaling molecules or genes that generate luminescent signals are widely used in basic science and preclinical studies. Typically, a target gene of interest is co‐transfected with selectable markers that are generally assumed to be innocuous. Perturbations of the cellular genome by transfected sequences may induce subtle and/or unexpected modulations in protein expression, only some of which may be attributable to the target gene of interest. In this study, we show that neomycin resistant MCF7 cells (MCF7 Neor) proliferate twice as rapidly in nude mice as do the untransfected parent cells, but show similar growth rates in vitro. MCF7 transfected with the ErbB2 gene shows minimal alteration in growth rate in vitro, and approximately a threefold increased growth rate in vivo. MCF7 cells that express luciferase and yellow fluorescent protein proliferate slowly in vitro and show essentially no growth in vivo suggesting that overexpression of these tracking proteins adversely affects cellular proliferative capacity. The molecular basis for alterations in proliferative capacity of the transfected sub‐lines is poorly understood. We performed two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) to compare relative protein expression among the cell lines. Relative to the parental MCF7, transfected cell lines displayed numerous differentially expressed proteins (69 to 149), relative to parental MCF7. Twenty‐one of these differentially expressed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, and included metabolic, structural, and signaling proteins. Possible roles of differentially expressed proteins in altering cellular proliferation are discussed.
Proteomics characterization of different bran proteins between aromatic and nonaromatic rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica)
Authors: Trisiriroj Arunee , Jeyachok Narumon , Chen Shui‐Tein 
Published: May 2004

AbstractProteomic approach is applied for the analysis of seed brans of 14 rice varieties (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) which can classify to five aromatic rice and nine nonaromatic rice. The two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) protein patterns for 14 rice varieties were similar within pH ranges of 3–10 and 4–7. To characterize aromatic group‐specific proteins, we compared 2‐D gels of aromatic rice to nonaromatic rice using PDQUEST image analysis. Four out of six differential spots were identified as hypothetical proteins, but one (SSP 7003) was identified by matrix assisted laser desoption/ionization‐quardrupole‐time of fight (MALDI‐Q‐TOF) as prolamin with three matching peptides based on NCBI database. Prolamin is a class of storage proteins with three different polypeptides of 10, 13, and 16 kDa. Spot SSP7003 was identified as a 13 kDa polypeptide of prolamin by combination of mass spectroscopy and N‐terminal sequence analyses. In contrast, one sulfur‐rich 16 kDa polypeptide of prolamin was found in extremely high intensity in brans of deep‐water rice compared to nondeep‐water rice. Our results suggest that proteomics is a powerful step to open the way for the identification of rice varieties.
Proteome analysis of gentisate‐induced response in Pseudomonas alcaligenes NCIB 9867
Authors: Zhao Bing , Yeo Chew Chieng , Lee Chee Chow , Geng Anli , Chew Fook Tim , Poh Chit Laa 
Published: May 2004

AbstractPseudomonas alcaligenes NCIB 9867 (P25X wild‐type) is capable of degrading aromatic hydrocarbons via the gentisate pathway. Biochemical characterization of P25X mutants indicated that it has isofunctional enzymes for the mono‐ and dioxygenase‐catalyzed reactions. One set of the enzymes is constitutive whereas the other is strictly inducible. To date, only the gene encoding the constitutively‐expressed gentisate dioxygenase had been cloned and characterized. A mutant strain of P25X, designated G56, which had the constitutive copy of the gentisate 1,2‐dioxygenase gene interrupted by a streptomycin/spectinomycin resistance gene cassette, was found to express gentisate dioxygenase, but only when the cells were induced by gentisate. The proteome profiles of P. alcaligenes P25X and mutant G56 cells grown in the presence and absence of gentisate were compared after two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Eight distinctive protein spots (designated M1–M8) which were observed only in induced cells of strain G56 but absent in noninduced cells were further analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight, quadrupole‐TOF and N‐terminal sequencing. Of the 15 proteins (including seven up‐regulated) examined, 13 showed sequence similarities to proteins with assigned functions in other microorganisms. The identification of protein M5 which showed high homology to a gentisate dioxygenase from Ralstonia sp. U2 indicated the putative function of this protein being consistent with the inducible gentisate 1,2‐dioxygenase in P. alcaligenes. In addition, the induction of stress proteins and other adaptation phenomena were also observed.