bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A definitive role of Shp-2 tyrosine phosphatase in mediating embryonic stem cell differentiation and hematopoiesis
Authors: Chan Rebecca J. , Johnson Scott A. , Li Yanjun , Yoder Mervin C. , Feng Gen-Sheng 
Published: June 2003

AbstractHomozygous mutant (Shp-2Δ46-110) embryonic stem (ES) cells exhibit decreased hematopoiesis; however, the point at which Shp-2 is critical for ES cell differentiation to hematopoietic cells is unknown. We characterized the differentiation defect of Shp-2Δ46-110 ES cells by examining early points of differentiation, conducting leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)–stimulated biochemical analysis, and performing in vitro reconstitution studies with wild-type (WT) Shp-2. ES cell in vitro differentiation assays were used to compare the differentiation of WT, Shp-2Δ46-110, and reconstituted ES cells to mesoderm, by measuring brachyury expression, to hemangioblasts, by measuring blast colony-forming cell (BL-CFC) formation and flk-1 expression, and to hematopoietic progenitor colony-forming cells, by performing secondary plating assays. LIF-stimulated phospho-Stat3 (known to be critical for ES cell self-renewal and maintenance of an undifferentiated state) and phospho-Erk levels were examined by immunoblotting. ES cell survival, using annexin V staining, and secondary embryoid body (EB) formation were also evaluated. Differentiation to both mesoderm and hemangioblasts was lower in Shp-2Δ46-110 cells compared to WT cells. On reconstitution with WT Shp-2, expression of brachyury and flk-1 and differentiation to hemangioblasts and primitive and definitive hematopoietic progenitors were restored. LIF-stimulated phospho-Stat3 levels were higher, whereas phospho-Erk levels were lower in Shp-2Δ46-110 ES cells than in WT and reconstituted cells. The increased phospho-Stat3 levels correlated with increased Shp-2Δ46-110 ES cell secondary EB formation and survival. We conclude that normal Shp-2 function is critical for the initial step of ES cell differentiation to mesoderm and to hemangioblasts and acts within the LIF-gp130-Stat3 pathway to maintain a proper balance of ES cell differentiation, pluripotency, and apoptosis.
Gene profiling of a myeloma cell line reveals similarities and unique signatures among IL-6 response, N-ras-activating mutations, and coculture with bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Croonquist Paula A. , Linden Michael A. , Zhao Fangyi , Van Ness Brian G. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractANBL-6, a myeloma cell line, proliferates in response to interleukin 6 (IL-6) stimulation, coculture with bone marrow stromal cells, and when harboring a constitutively active mutant N-ras gene. Eighteen samples, including 4 IL-6-treated, 3 mutant N-ras-transfected, 3 normal stroma-stimulated, 2 multiple myeloma (MM) stroma-stimulated, and 6 untreated controls were profiled using microarrays interrogating 12 626 genes. Global hierarchical clustering analysis distinguished at least 6 unique expression signatures. Notably, the different stimuli altered distinct functional gene programs. Class comparison analysis (P = .001) revealed 138 genes (54% involved in cell cycle) that distinguished IL-6-stimulated versus nontreated samples. Eighty-seven genes distinguished stroma-stimulated versus IL-6-treated samples (22% encoded for extracellular matrix [ECM] proteins). A total of 130 genes distinguished N-ras transfectants versus IL-6-treated samples (26% involved in metabolism). A total of 157 genes, 20% of these involved in signaling, distinguished N-ras from stroma-interacting samples. All 3 stimuli shared 347 genes, mostly of metabolic function. Genes that distinguished MM1 from MM4 clinical groups were induced at least by one treatment. Notably, only 3 genes (ETV5, DUSP6, and KIAA0735) are uniquely induced in mutant ras-containing cells. We have demonstrated gene expression patterns in myeloma cells that distinguish an intrinsic genetic transformation event and patterns derived from both soluble factors and cell contacts in the bone marrow microenvironment. (Blood. 2003;102:2581-2592)
Expression of Bambi Is Widespread in Juvenile and Adult Rat Tissues and Is Regulated in Male Germ Cells
Authors: Loveland Kate Lakoski , Bakker Marilyn , Meehan Terri , Christy Elizabeth , von Schönfeldt Viktoria , Drummond Ann , de Kretser David 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMembers of the TGFβ superfamily may compete for receptor occupancy and intracellular signaling molecules in specific developmental circumstances. We explored the potential importance of the TGFβ family inhibitor, Bambi (Bmp and activin membrane-bound inhibitor) by examining its pattern of mRNA expression in juvenile and adult rat tissues, with a focus on reproductive organs. The 1.8-kb transcript was ubiquitous, whereas a 3-kb transcript was unique to enriched spermatocyte and spermatid cell fractions and adult testis. The full-length rat cDNA is 89% (nucleic acid) and 95% (amino acid) identical to its human homolog, hnma. Using in situ hybridization, Bambi mRNA was detected in granulosa and thecal cells of adult ovaries and in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, round spermatids, and Sertoli cells of adult testes. In addition to a persistent signal in Sertoli cells in juvenile testes, this mRNA within germ cells appeared dramatically increased as gonocytes matured into spermatogonia immediately after birth. These data indicate that TGFβ superfamily signaling within male germ cells is down-regulated at the onset of spermatogenesis. The addition of exogenous activin A to 24-h cultures of newborn rat testis fragments decreased the Bambi mRNA level. Regulated Bambi mRNA synthesis may contribute to TGFβ superfamily signaling modulation in several organs, as suggested by its discrete expression switch in male germ cells.
Acute in Vivo Elevation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) Binding Protein-1 Decreases Plasma Free IGF-I and Muscle Protein Synthesis
Authors: Lang Charles H. , Vary Thomas C. , Frost Robert A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis study examined whether the acute elevation of IGF-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) decreases the plasma free IGF-I concentration and alters in vivo rates of muscle protein synthesis and glucose uptake. The plasma concentration of human IGFBP-1 was increased to approximately 95 ng/ml in conscious catheterized rats infused iv with human IGFBP-1 for 4 h. Infusion of IGFBP-1 also increased the concentration of endogenous (e.g. rat) IGFBP-1 in the blood, and this response was associated with a 2- to 3-fold elevation of IGFBP-1 mRNA in liver and kidney. IGFBP-1 did not significantly alter the plasma concentration of total IGF-I, but decreased circulating free IGF-I levels by about 50%. IGFBP-1 decreased protein synthesis in the predominantly fast-twitch gastrocnemius muscle (20%), and this change resulted from a decreased translational efficiency that was associated with a decreased phosphorylation of S6K1, but not 4E-BP1. Complementary studies demonstrated that IGFBP-1 also decreased the rates of protein synthesis under basal conditions and in response to stimulation by IGF-I when added in vitro to the fast-twitch epitrochlearis muscle. In contrast, IGFBP-1 did not alter in vivo-determined rates of protein synthesis in the slow-twitch soleus muscle, heart, liver, or kidney. The infusion of IGFBP-1 did not significantly alter the plasma glucose or lactate concentration or the whole body rate of glucose production or disposal. The above-mentioned changes were not mediated indirectly by changes in the plasma insulin or corticosterone concentrations, decreased high energy phosphate content in muscle, or hepatoxicity produced by the infused IGFBP-1. These results demonstrate that acute in vivo elevation in IGFBP-1, of the magnitude observed in various catabolic conditions, is capable of selectively decreasing protein synthesis in fast-twitch skeletal muscle and up-regulating the hepatic and renal syntheses of IGFBP-1 per se. Hence, elevations in circulating and tissue levels of IGFBP-1 may be an important mediator for the muscle catabolism observed in various stress conditions.
Growth Hormone Modulation of the Rat Hepatic Bile Transporter System in Endotoxin-Induced Cholestasis
Authors: Mesotten Dieter , Van den Berghe Greet , Liddle Christopher , Coulter Sally , McDougall Fiona , Baxter Robert C. , Delhanty Patric J. D. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractTreatment with high dose human GH, although an effective anabolic agent, has been associated with increased incidence of sepsis, inflammation, multiple organ failure, and death in critically ill patients. We hypothesized that GH might increase mortality by exacerbating cholestasis through modulation of bile acid transporter expression. High dose GH was continuously infused over 4 d into rats, and on the final day lipopolysaccharides were injected. Hepatic bile acid transporter expression was measured by Northern analysis and immunoblotting and compared with serum markers of cholestasis and endotoxinemia. Compared with non-GH-treated controls, GH increased endotoxin-induced markers of cholestasis and liver damage as well as augmented IL-6 induction. In endotoxinemia, GH treatment significantly induced multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 mRNA and protein and suppressed organic anion transporting polypeptides, Oatp1 and Oatp4, mRNA, suggesting impaired uptake of bilirubin and bile acids at the basolateral surface of the hepatocyte, which could contribute to the observed worsening of cholestasis by GH. This study of endotoxinemia may thus provide a mechanistic link between GH treatment and exacerbation of cholestasis through modulation of basolateral bile acid transporter expression in the rat hepatocyte.
Calcium Transporter 1 and Epithelial Calcium Channel Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Are Differentially Regulated by 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the Intestine and Kidney of Mice
Authors: Song Yurong , Peng Xiaorong , Porta Angela , Takanaga Hitomi , Peng Ji-Bin , Hediger Matthias A. , Fleet James C. , Christakos Sylvia 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe examined the expression of calcium transporter 1 (CaT1) and epithelial calcium channel (ECaC) mRNA in the duodenum and kidney of mice. Intestinal CaT1 mRNA level increased 30-fold at weaning, coincident with the induction of calbindin-D9k expression. In contrast, renal CaT1 and ECaC mRNA expression was equal until weaning when ECaC mRNA is induced and CaT1 mRNA levels fall 70%. Long- and short-term adaptation to changes in dietary calcium (Ca) level and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] injection strongly regulated duodenal calbindin D9k and CaT1 mRNA. Following a single dose of 1,25(OH)2D3, induction of CaT1 mRNA occurred rapidly (within 3 h, peak at 6 h of 9.6 ± 0.8-fold) and preceded the induction of intestinal Ca absorption (significantly increased at 6 h, peak at 9 h). Neither renal CaT1 nor ECaC mRNA were strongly regulated by dietary calcium level or 1,25(OH)2D3 injection. Our data indicate that CaT1 and ECaC mRNA levels are differentially regulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 in kidney and intestine and that there may be a specialized role for CaT1 in kidney in fetal and neonatal development. The rapid induction of intestinal CaT1 mRNA expression by 1,25(OH)2D3, and the marked induction at weaning, suggest that CaT1 is critical for 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated intestinal Ca absorption.
Photo-oxidation of Chlorophenols and Methyl Orange with Visible Light in the Presence of Copper Phthalocyaninesulfonate
Authors: Xu Yiming , Chen Zuxu 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Copper phthalocyaninesulfonate was investigated as a photo-sensitizer for the elimination of recalcitrant organic pollutants, such as 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorphenol and methyl orange, in an aerated aqueous solution under visible light (λ &gt; 450 nm) irradiation. The photosensitizer was effective and highly stable, and could be used repeatedly.
Improvement of Social Isolation and Loneliness and Excess Mortality Risk in People With Obesity
Authors: Zhou Jian , Tang Rui , Wang Xuan , Li Xiang , Heianza Yoriko , Qi Lu 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceIndividuals with obesity experience markedly higher levels of social isolation and loneliness than those without obesity, but little is known about whether improvement of social isolation or loneliness might attenuate obesity-related excess risk of mortality.ObjectiveTo investigate whether improvement of social isolation or loneliness is associated with lower obesity-related excess risk of mortality.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included individuals without cancer or cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline from the UK Biobank with follow-up beginning in March 2006 and ending in November 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAll-cause, cancer-related, and CVD-related mortality were estimated.ResultsA total of 398 972 participants were included in this study (mean [SD] age, 55.85 [8.08] years; 220 469 [55.26%] women; 13 734 [3.44%] Asian, 14 179 [3.55%] multiracial, and 363 685 [91.16%] White participants). Overall, 93 357 (23.40%) had obesity, and 305 615 (76.60%) did not. During a median (IQR) follow-up of 12.73 (12.01-13.43) years, a total of 22 872 incident deaths were recorded. Compared with participants with obesity with an index of 2 or greater for social isolation, the multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.79-0.91) and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.69-0.80) for participants with obesity and a social isolation index of 1 and 0, respectively (P for trend &amp;lt; .001); compared with participants with obesity and an index of 2 for loneliness, the HRs and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.89-1.06) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79-0.94) for participants with obesity and a loneliness index of 1 and 0, respectively (P for trend &amp;lt; .001). As the index of social isolation and loneliness went from highest to lowest, the HR for all-cause mortality decreased by 36% and 9%, respectively, in people with obesity compared with people without obesity using the multivariable model. Social isolation was ranked higher than loneliness, depression, anxiety, and lifestyle-related risk factors including alcohol, physical activity, and healthy diet for estimating the risks of all-cause mortality, cancer-related mortality, and CVD-related mortality.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of UK Biobank participants, a lower index of social isolation or loneliness was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality among people with obesity, and improvement of social isolation and loneliness attenuated obesity-related excess risk of all-cause mortality.
Channel Confinement Enables K Species with Rich Electrons in α‐MnO2 for Water Molecules Activation
Authors: Gu Huayu , Lan Jintong , Shi Hongqi , Xie Bo , Ai Zhihui , Zhang Lizhi , Liu Xiao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWater molecules are actively involved in many catalytic oxidation processes, which require the construction of highly active sites for their activation to accelerate the reaction rate, especially over non‐noble metal catalysts. Herein, K species is embeded into the natural 2*2 channel of α‐MnO2 by a hydrothermal coupled molten salt method, which would make these K species behave in an electron‐rich state and provide more electrons for the activation of water molecules. Compared with surface K modification (namely, the electron‐deficient K species), channel K confinement can lower the activation energy barrier of H2O dissociation on α‐MnO2 to generate hydroxyl species with more nucleophilic oxygen atoms, contributing to the superior HCHO catalytic oxidation activity with a fourfold enhancement. The internal relationship among the confined channel, K species, and catalytic performance is systematically elucidated at the molecular level. This work offers a new ion confinement method and opens up new avenues to construct electron‐rich metal sites with channel structures for the activation of water molecules.
In Situ Phase Transformation to form MoO3−MoS2 Heterostructure with Enhanced Printable Sodium Ion Storage
Authors: Yu Lianghao , Tao Xin , Sun Dengning , Zhang Linlin , Wei Chaohui , Han Lu , Sun Zhongti , Zhao Qing , Jin Huile , Zhu Guang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMolybdenum trioxide (MoO3) possesses high energy density but often suffers from poor electrical conductivity and limited cycling stability when used as a sodium‐ion battery (SIB) anode. To address these issues, the construction of （Molybdenum trioxide‐Molybdenum disulfide）MoO3‐MoS2 heterostructures has proven effective in enhancing electronic conductivity, ion diffusion properties, and structural stability. Guided by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which predict favorable Na+ diffusion and adsorption properties, nanorod‐like MoO3‐MoS2 heterostructures are synthesized using a two‐step method. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of the heterostructure and nanosized morphology, the resulting MoO3‐MoS2 electrode exhibits outstanding rate performance (316 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1) and long‐lasting cycling stability (286 mA h g−1 after 2300 cycles at 5 A g−1) as an SIB anode. In situ XRD measurements reveal that the ultrahigh specific capacity of MoO3‐MoS2 is attributed to the synergistic intercalation‐conversion storage of MoO3 and MoS2. In the pursuit of meeting commercialization requirements, electrodes with adjustable mass loading are also prepared using 3D printing, showcasing the high areal capacity characteristics of the SIBs. This study not only provides theoretical insights into expanding the use of heterojunction materials as SIB anodes but also demonstrates the significant potential for creating high‐energy‐density and cost‐effective SIBs.
Transition Metal‐Based Catalysts for Urea Oxidation Reaction (UOR): Catalyst Design Strategies, Applications, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Xu Shan , Ruan Xiaowen , Ganesan Muthusankar , Wu Jiandong , Ravi Sai Kishore , Cui Xiaoqiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUrea oxidation reaction (UOR) has garnered significant attention in recent years as a promising and sustainable clean‐energy technology. Urea‐containing wastewater poses severe threats to the environment and human health. Numerous studies hence focus on developing UOR as a viable process for simultaneously remediating wastewater and converting it into energy. Moreover, UOR, which has a thermodynamic potential of 0.37 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE), shows great promise in replacing the energy‐intensive oxygen evolution reaction (OER; 1.23 V vs RHE). The versatility and stability of urea, particularly at ambient temperatures, make it an attractive alternative to hydrogen in fuel cells. Since UOR entails a complex intermediate adsorption/desorption process, many studies are devoted to designing cost‐effective and efficient catalysts. Notably, transition metal‐based materials with regulated d orbitals have demonstrated significant potential for the UOR process. However, comprehensive reviews focusing on transition metal‐based catalysts remain scarce. In light of this, the review aims to bridge the gap by offering an in‐depth and systematic overview of cutting‐edge design strategies for transition metal‐based catalysts and their diverse applications in UOR. Additionally, the review delves into the status quo and future directions, charting the course for further advancements in this exciting field.
Interfacial Charge Transfer Bridge Prolongs Carrier Recombination Lifetimes of CoFe Metal‐Thiolate Framework/Hematite Photoanode for Water Oxidation
Authors: Yang Tao , Chen Zong‐Wei , Yue Xin‐Zheng , Liu Qing‐Chao , Yi Sha‐Sha , Zhu Yong‐Fa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractConstructing heterostructural photoanodes is attractive for elevating the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance, however, it is a long‐standing challenge to achieve highly efficient interfacial charge transfer. Herein, a CoFe metal‐thiolate framework (CoFe MTF)/Fe2O3 photoanode connected by an interfacial Fe─O─N/S bond is designed to modulate the behavior of charge carriers and improve water oxidation performance. It is disclosed that this interfacial bond functions as a direct charge transfer bridge between shallow trap states of Fe2O3 and CoFe MTF, leading to prolonged carrier recombination lifetimes (85 ns for CoFe MTF/Fe2O3 compared to 37 ns for Fe2O3) and enhanced charge transfer efficiency. Alternatively, a robust interfacial electric field is established in the CoFe MTF/Fe2O3 p–n heterojunction, facilitating efficient charge transfer. As expected, the CoFe MTF/Fe2O3 photoanode exhibits significant enhancement in water oxidation, resulting in a three‐fold increase in photocurrent density compared to pristine Fe2O3. This study highlights the significance of designing interfacially bonded heterostructural photoelectrodes to regulate the transfer characters of charge carriers.
Efficient InGaN‐Based Red Light‐Emitting Diodes by Modulating Trench Defects
Authors: Pan Zuojian , Chen Zhizhong , Zhang Haodong , Yang Han , Deng Chuhan , Dong Boyan , Wang Daqi , Li Yuchen , Lin Hai , Chen Weihua , Jiao Fei , Kang Xiangning , Jia Chuanyu , Liang Zhiwen , Wang Qi , Zhang Guoyi , Shen Bo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTrench defects in multi‐quantum wells (MQWs) have been considered as flawed structures that severely degraded the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) in the past. In this research, trench defects are innovatively utilized to enhance the efficiency of red InGaN LEDs. Specifically, dual‐color MQWs structures are applied to modulate trench defects. The upper red MQWs, grown on top of green MQWs with a high density of trench defects, exhibit a significant wavelength redshift of 68 nm and ≈ 6‐fold luminescence enhancement compared to those without intentionally introduced trench defects. Red InGaN LEDs with an IQE of 16.4% are achieved with this epitaxy growth strategy. Such wavelength redshift is attributed to the more indium incorporation due to the strain relaxation effect of trench defects. Moreover, the luminescence enhancement originates from the strong emission of the red MQWs inside trench defects, mainly attributed to strain relaxation and defect shielding by the wide and deep trenches. Achieving red emission by modulating trench defects is simple and reproducible without requiring additional substrate designs, which provides a novel way toward high‐efficiency red InGaN LEDs.
Harnessing High‐Throughput Computational Methods to Accelerate the Discovery of Optimal Proton Conductors for High‐Performance and Durable Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Luo Zheyu , Hu Xueyu , Zhou Yucun , Ding Yong , Zhang Weilin , Li Tongtong , Liu Meilin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe pursuit of high‐performance and long‐lasting protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) is impeded by the lack of efficient and enduring proton conductors. Conventional research approaches, predominantly based on a trial‐and‐error methodology, have proven to be demanding of resources and time‐consuming. Here, this work reports the findings in harnessing high‐throughput computational methods to expedite the discovery of optimal electrolytes for PCECs. This work methodically computes the oxygen vacancy formation energy (EV), hydration energy (EH), and the adsorption energies of H2O and CO2 for a set of 932 oxide candidates. Notably, these findings highlight BaSnxCe0.8‐xYb0.2O3‐δ (BSCYb) as a prospective game‐changing contender, displaying superior proton conductivity and chemical resilience when compared to the well‐regarded BaZrxCe0.8‐xY0.1Yb0.1O3‐δ (BZCYYb) series. Experimental validations substantiate the computational predictions; PCECs incorporating BSCYb as the electrolyte achieved extraordinary peak power densities in the fuel cell mode (0.52 and 1.57 W cm−2 at 450 and 600 °C, respectively), a current density of 2.62 A cm−2 at 1.3 V and 600 °C in the electrolysis mode while demonstrating exceptional durability for over 1000‐h when exposed to 50% H2O. This research underscores the transformative potential of high‐throughput computational techniques in advancing the field of proton‐conducting oxides for sustainable power generation and hydrogen production.