bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postscript
Authors: Haffenden John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the face of all the personal and professional difficulties he had shouldered in China, and with his vexed view of the country’s political and military situation, what had ultimately kept him going for those two years? ‘China is extremely short of trained men in all the departments necessary to her defence and reorganisation, and cannot let the training lapse during a war which may take a very long time,’ he had written in his unpublished essay on ‘Students in China’.
The War Within the BBC
Authors: Haffenden John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ralf Bonwit ‘s arrival at the BBC was all the more timely since it coincided with the advent of a new Counsellor at the Chinese Embassy who would serve as Director of the Chinese Ministry of Information. This illustrious personage was none other than Empson ‘s old comrade-in-exile from Lianda days, George Yeh (Yeh Kung Chao), who landed in London at the end of May 1942. Empson had not seen him for nearly three years. Now in his late thirties (Empson was 35), Yeh had temporarily left China in September 1941, when he went to Singapore
Homing to Yorkshire
Authors: Haffenden John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The family finally sailed from Hongkong on the P & Oliner Corfu at the end of August 1952, reaching London a month later. They were met at London docks by Empson ‘s sister Molly and brother Arthur, who drove them back, past all the many vacant lots where bombed buildings were still being cleared away, to Studio House in Hampstead. It was a dishevelled and disheartening place to come home to. The house was still being used as a camping ground by a variety of lodgers including A. G. (Dinah) Stock, the author and anarchist, and John Wright (who had established in Studio House, under the auspices of the Hampstead Artists ‘ Council,
From Poetry to the Queen
Authors: Haffenden John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Empson ‘s Collected Poems was published in the UK by Chatto & Windus on 29 September 1955, in an edition of 2,400 copies. It was a propitious moment for the reception of Empson ‘s arguably rather specialized verses, for the volume won more comprehensive and searching evaluation than any of his poetry had been accorded for twenty years. The astringent, witty, problem-revolving aspects of the poems seemed to strike a chord with a reading public that felt eager to move on from the linguistic exuberances of a Dylan Thomas.
Ménage à Trois
Authors: Haffenden John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
one occasion he wrote for her (in 1971) a letter to The Times suggesting that research might be done on a possible connection between the spraying of tobacco with pesticides and an increase in the risk of chronic bronchitis and lung cancer. Is it not possible, she suggested through his words, that trace compounds of pesticide origin might add to the number of carcinogenic substances in tobacco smoke or else introduce a poisonous element into the situation by altering the way in which the tobacco burns ‘I think there was a sigh of relief all round when Hetta went to, ‘ Alice Stewart reXected in interview, ‘because life had been getting too hectic. ‘
‘They think good literature is a tremendous scolding ’:From SheYeld to Legon
Authors: Haffenden John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
sarcasm. ‘Thank you for your delightful letter of June 1st, ‘ he replied conspiratorially. The formation of the committee, with other members including Michael Foot, Kingsley Martin, Sir Compton Mackenzie, J. B. Priestley, Sir Herbert Read, and Kenneth Tynan, was announced in the Times on 10 June. However, Empson was not a man merely to put down his name and then sit on his hands. As the debate about the unconvincing Wndings of the Warren Commission raged on throughout the summer of 1964, he took pains to position himself among the disbelievers, in a letter to the New Statesman in October 1964:
The Forms of Liberal Multiculturalism
Authors: Kymlicka Will 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is no universally accepted definition of ‘liberal multiculturalism ‘, and any attempt to provide a single definition to encompass all of its different forms is likely to be too vague to be useful. We could say, for example, that liberal multiculturalism is the view that states should not only uphold the familiar set of common civil, political, and social rights of citizenship that are protected in all constitutional liberal democracies, but also adopt various group-specific rights or policies that are intended to recognize and accommodate the distinctive identities and aspirations of ethnocultural groups. This definition is fair enough, as far as it goes, but doesn ‘t take us very far.
Reaching For The Big Picture: An Update On Small Arms Transfers
Authors: Evans Gareth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Following the format established in Small Arms Survey 2004, this chapter provides an annual update of the authorized trade1 in small arms and light weapons. It looks in detail at the major reported exporters and importers, their trading partners, and the types of small arms exchanged. As in previous years, our understanding of the trade remains partial, for several reasons. Data on exports and imports is still limited for certain countries and certain types of small arms; it is at times difficult to interpret, so that many contradictions remain; and there is a time lag in reporting (for many of the calculations in this chapter, we have had to rely on data covering 2002).
Risk as an Interdisciplinary Research Area
Authors: Zinn Jens O , Taylor-Gooby Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Risk issues initially attracted attention as the growing complexity of technical processes and enterprises generated interest in practical problems of risk management. Two factors—the realization that accidents and errors were not simply technical issues, and the increased opposition of members of the public to innovations—directed attention to psychological and sociological approaches to risk. As theoretical and empirical work developed, researchers from different perspectives recognized the importance of the sociocultural embeddedness of risk perceptions.
The Ulster Renaissance Poetry in Belfast 1962—1972
Authors: Clark Heather 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is the first full-length study of the extraordinary period of intense poetic activity in Belfast known as the Ulster Renaissance - a time when young Northern Irish poets such as Seamus Heaney, Derek Mahon, Michael Longley, James Simmons, and Paul Muldoon began crafting their art, and tuning their voices through each other. Drawing extensively upon new archival material, as well as personal interviews and correspondence, The Ulster Renaissance argues that these poets' friendships and rivalries were crucial to their autonomous artistic development. The book also sheds new light on the idea of a collaborative Belfast coterie - often treated derisively by critics - and shows that the poets frequently engaged in efforts to promote a cohesive 'Northern' literary community, distinct from that which existed in London and Dublin. It suggests that it was this cohesion - at turns inclusive and confining - which ultimately challenged the Belfast poets to find their individual voices.
Hans Morgenthau and the world state revisited
Authors: Craig Campbell 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A basic paradox runs through Hans Morgenthau’s conception of the world state, at least in his writings after 1955 or so.1 His realist critique of international idealism is at its most devastating when it comes to existing plans and hopes for the construction of world government; yet at the same time Morgenthau suggests that the advent of nuclear weapons has made the nation state obsolete and world government necessary for human survival. The sentiment he most ruthlessly dismisses becomes the sentiment required to prevent species extinction.
Tristan Corbière and the Poetics of Irony
Authors: Lunn-Rockliffe Katherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tristan Corbière is often viewed as the archetypal poète maudit, a misunderstood rebel and bohemian prankster. This is a study of the poet's innovative use of language. It uses the critical tool of irony to analyse his idiosyncratic verse, showing how he contributed to the general revolution in poetic language that marked the 1870s in France. Corbière's poetry pushed the ironic element in Baudelaire to its limit and exerted an important influence on Laforgue, Pound, and Eliot. It played a key role in the ironic tradition of Symbolism which is often overshadowed by the 'pure' poetry of contemporaries like Mallarmé. Using close textual readings of poems from Les Amours jaunes (1873), the only collection published in Corbière's lifetime, this book outlines a method of reading his self-contradictory verse. It tackles the difficulty of interpreting ironic discourse and demonstrates how irony operates in Les Amours jaunes at all levels from verbal device to world-view, showing how the doubts of modern man and the spiritual void of commodity culture shape the very language of his poetry. Synthesizing critical approaches from continental and Anglo-American traditions, it analyses his use of puns, oral diction, dialogue, quotation, and intertextuality. It shows how he systematically undercuts habitual strategies of reading, by importing novelistic techniques into verse to deride it from within, and by ironizing irony itself. This is an introduction to the work of a challenging poet and a study of the practice of reading French verse.
Describing Brittany: Multiple Perspectives
Authors: Lunn-Rockliffe Katherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the ‘Armor’ and ‘Gens de mer’ sections of Les Amours jaunes, Corbière’s voice-defying style is used to describe the external world of Brittany and the sea. These so-called Brittany poems are generally seen as narrative and descriptive, and contrasted with the more self-reflexive and personal Paris poems.
Introduction
Authors: Atkinson A C , Donev A N , Tobias R D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book is concerned with the design of experiments when random variation in the measured responses is appreciable compared with the effects to be investigated. Under such conditions, statistical methods are essential for experiments to provide unambiguous answers with a minimum of effort and expense. This is particularly so if the effects of several experimental factors are to be studied. The emphasis will be on designs derived using the theory of optimum experimental design. Two main contributions result from such methods. One is the provision of algorithms for the construction of designs, which is of particular importance for non-standard problems.
Experimental Strategies
Authors: Atkinson A C , Donev A N , Tobias R D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this book we are mainly concerned with experiments where the purpose is to elucidate the behaviour of a system by fitting an approximating function or model. The distinction is with experiments where the prime interest is in estimating differences, or other contrasts, in yield between units receiving separate treatments. Often the approximating function will be a low-order polynomial. But, as in Chapter 17, the models may sometimes be non-linear functions representing knowledge of the mechanism of the system under study. There are several advantages to summarizing and interpreting the results of an experiment through a fitted model.
Criteria For A Good Experiment
Authors: Atkinson A C , Donev A N , Tobias R D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The results of Chapter 5 illustrate that the variances of the estimated parameters in a linear model depend upon the experimental design, as does the variance of the predicted response. An ideal design would provide small values of both variances. However, as the results of Table 5.4 show, a design which is good for one property may be less good for another. Usually one or a few important properties are chosen and designs found that are optimum for these properties. In this chapter we first list some desirable properties of an experimental design. We then illustrate the dependence of the ellipsoidal confidence regions (5.22) and of the variance of the predicted response (5.24) on the design.
Bayesian Optimum Designs
Authors: Atkinson A C , Donev A N , Tobias R D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The design of the experiments considered so far has depended in an informal way on prior information. In the discussions in Chapters 2 and 3 the purpose of the experiment, the range of the variables and possible models, among other aspects, all reflect the prior knowledge and experience of the experimenters. However, the only aspect of this knowledge that has been susceptible to mathematical analysis is the information matrix M (ξ). In this chapter we extend the design criteria to allow formal inclusion of prior information about the parameters of the model. In the resulting Bayesian designs the mathematical analysis again reduces to the study of the implications for design of various forms of information matrix.
Projective Geometry: An Introduction
Authors: Casse Rey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This lucid and accessible text provides an introductory guide to projective geometry, an area of mathematics concerned with the properties and invariants of geometric figures under projection. Including numerous worked examples and exercises throughout, the book covers axiomatic geometry, field planes and PG(r, F), coordinating a projective plane, non-Desarguesian planes, conics and quadrics in PG(3, F). Assuming familiarity with linear algebra, elementary group theory, partial differentiation and finite fields, as well as some elementary coordinate geometry, this text is ideal for 3rd and 4th year mathematics undergraduates.
Introduction
Authors: Casse Rey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Definition 2.1 In the Euclidean plane, ℝ2 = {(x, y) | x, y ϵ ℝ}Convince yourself (by drawing with the help of a straight edge and a pencil) that the following two theorems may well in general be true in the Euclidean plane ℝ2 = {(x, y) : x, y ϵ ℝ}.
Quadrics in PG (3, F)
Authors: Casse Rey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Chapter 7, we found that conics (quadrics of PG(2,F )) are rich in properties. We expect quadrics of PG(3,F ) also to have interesting properties. First, we have an introductory look at the situation in PG(r, F ).The set of points (x0, x1, ... , xr) of PG(r, F ) satisfying a homogeneous polynomial ϕ in x0, ..., xr of degree twois called a quadric, and is denoted by . Dually, the set of hyperplanes of PG( r, F ) satisfying a homogeneous polynomial of degree two is called a quadric envelope.
Things Fall Apart Presence and Palimpsest in the Colonial-scape
Authors: Newell Stephanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chinua Achebe’s life and work encapsulate key areas of colonial and postcolonial experience in West Africa. Born in Igboland in 1930, at the height of British imperial rule in Nigeria, Achebe followed the educational pathways opened by Christianity and colonialism for African youths: he attended mission school and government school in eastern Nigeria, and in the early 1950s progressed to University College, Ibadan, in the Yoruba-speaking west of Nigeria. All around him from the 1930s to the 1950s, increasing numbers of educated Nigerians were questioning missionary and colonial ‘civilization’ projects, and nationalists were calling for self-rule.
Popular Literature
Authors: Newell Stephanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
West Africa’s international and canonical texts are often less import- ant to local readers than the popular texts which are produced by local publishers and have been a feature of the region’s literary culture since the 1940s. This chapter considers this large body of popular literature, paying particular attention to the tastes, preferences, and aesthetic sensibilities of West African readers between the 1950s and the present day.
Why Is Indigeneity Important?
Authors: Waldron Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The term ‘indigeneity’ is something of a mouthful.1 You would not find it in the Oxford English Dictionary, which insists on ‘indigenousness’ or the ugly ‘indigenity’ (which it describes as rare). Like its near-synonym, ‘aboriginality’, the word ‘indigeneity’ forms an abstract noun from an adjective we use to apply to certain peoples. The Oxford English Dictionary defines ‘aboriginality’ as ‘[t]he quality of being aboriginal; existence in or possession of a land at the earliest stage of its history’
A Journey Through Ruins
Authors: Wright Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A unique evocation of Britain at the height of Margaret Thatcher’s rule, A Journey Through Ruins views the transformation of the country through the unexpected prism of every day life in East London. Written at a time when the looming but still unfinished tower of Canary Wharf was still wrapped in protective blue plastic, its cast of characters includes council tenants trapped in disintegrating tower blocks, depressed gentrifiers worrying about negative equity, metal detectorists, sharp-eyed estate agents and management consultants, and even Prince Charles. Cutting through the teeming surface of London, it investigates a number of wider themes: the rise and dramatic fall of council housing, the coming of privatization, the changing memory of the Second World War, once used to justify post-war urban development and reform but now seen as a sacrifice betrayed. Written half a century after the blitz, the book reviews the rise and fall of the London of the post-war settlement. It remains one of the very best accounts of what it was like to live through the Thatcher years.
Galápagan Epiphany
Authors: McCarthy Dennis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Charles Darwin first boarded the HMS Beagle, eager to embark on the most colossal adventure of his life, he was still a conventionally religious young man. Like most naturalists of his time, Darwin had no doubt that God was the Creator of the Universe, the Grand Designer of both the celestial and the earthly. He knew that God created the stars and that God conjured the organic, breathing life into species in all their forms and placing them in the various regions of the Earth. Darwin believed that God wisely chose to set camels in the deserts, mountain.
The Bloody Fall of South America and the Last of the Triassic Beak-Headed Reptiles
Authors: McCarthy Dennis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Imagine New Zealand had remained completely undiscovered by scientists until today, and that the first person to step onto its shoreline was a biogeographer. In the beginning, she would probably not suspect a thing. New Zealand is, of course, an island in the middle of an ocean. It is 1250 miles (2000 km) from Australia, and the life that clings to it, on first inspection, certainly seems to reflect its location. As with essentially all the other 25,000 islands in the Pacific, the intrepid voyagers—the ferns, terns, and other ocean island taxa—are prevalent.
Introduction: Ideas of India
Authors: Gopal Priyamvada 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Few postcolonial literary genres have been either as prominent or as contentious as the Indian novel in English. Even as several anglophone writers from decolonizing regions have achieved a global readership in recent years and even canonical status in some cases (Walcott, Naipaul, Soyinka, among others), novelists from the Indian subcontinent have dominated the international scene in unprecedented numbers. This is manifest partly in their repeated appearances on shortlists for the Booker and the Commonwealth Prize as well as increasing, indeed, guaranteed, attention from reviewers in prestigious literary institutions, including the New York Review of Books and the Times Literary Supplement. Writers such as Salman Rushdie, Vikram Seth, and Arundhati Roy are staples on postcolonial and ‘world literature’ syllabi. While these writers as well as others such as Anita Desai and Amitav Ghosh now have assured access to international publishing houses with considerable global reach, less-established figures also benefit from a relatively well-developed publishing industry for English-language works in India itself; Penguin India alone, for instance, publishes scores of original anglophone novels each year.
Bombay and the Novel
Authors: Gopal Priyamvada 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Midnight’s Children’s evocation of the infinite possibilities of postcolonial India had a paradigmatic location: they were embodied by what its protagonist, Saleem, describes, in opposition to the ‘Xat-boiled odours of acquiescence’ of Karachi, as ‘the highly-spiced non-conformity’ of Bombay. In Rushdie’s fifth novel, The Moor’s Last Sigh, he would expand on this idea: ‘Bombay was central, had been so from the moment of its creation: the bastard child of a Portuguese English wedding, and yet the most Indian of Indian cities . . . all rivers flowed into its human sea. It was an ocean of stories; we were all its narrators and everybody talked at once’ (Rushdie 1997: 350).
Imagining ‘Origins’: The Literature of Migration
Authors: Gopal Priyamvada 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The idea of India in the literary imagination was, as we have seen, usually tied to a specific geographical locale, inhering powerfully in cities such as Bombay that appeared to encapsulate its most fundamental cultural and political realities. It was often explored in its contradictions and tensions, particularly as these emerged through the juxtaposition of small stories with the larger epic of nation, or private narratives of everyday life with the great sweep of public History. The question of ‘Indianness’ is never far away in these anglophone novels but often elucidated through its messy elusiveness. But over the years, the question of what it means to be Indian has been posed not only by novelists whose work was set in the geographical terrain that has come to be known as India, but increasingly and with different resonances, by those who belong to the growing Indian ‘diaspora’ or communities generated by the experience of migration, many of whom fall under the governmental category, ‘Persons of Indian Origin’.
Forecasting mortality: applications and examples of age-period-cohort models
Authors: Pitacco Ermanno , Denuit Michel , Haberman Steven , Olivieri Annamaria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we consider the proposal that the models introduced in Chapter 5 should be extended to include components that represent a cohort effect, as well as how this proposal has been implemented. We illustrate this implementation with a case study based on the UK experience. The justification for this proposal comes initially from some descriptive studies of mortality trends in the United Kingdom which demonstrate that there is a strong birth cohort effect present. Thus, the Government Actuary’s Department, which was responsible at the time for the official UK population projections, has highlighted, in a series of reports (GAD 1995, 2001, and 2002), the existence of cohorts in the United Kingdom who have experienced rapid mortality improvement, relative to those born previously or more recently. The generations (of both sexes) born approximately between 1925 and 1945 (and centered on the generation with year of birth 1931) seem to have experienced this more rapid mortality improvement.