bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene‐Based Silicon Photonic Devices for Optical Interconnects
Authors: Wang Zheng , Cai Yan , Jiang Haitao , Tian Ziao , Di Zengfeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe exponential growth of global data traffic is driven by the unprecedented digitalization of the world. To meet the demands of next‐generation high‐capacity data communication systems, innovative solutions are required. Silicon photonics has gained significant attention due to its ability to integrate multiple core functions of optical interconnects into small‐scale chips, offering cost‐effective and scalable manufacturing capabilities. By leveraging silicon photonics, it becomes possible to address the challenge of scaling system complexity while reducing size, cost, and energy consumption. Despite its advantages, silicon has inherent limitations that restrict its application range, such as the weak plasma dispersion effect and relatively large bandgap. Recently, graphene has emerged as a promising solution for traditional silicon photonics because of its exceptional electrical and optical properties. For instance, graphene on a silicon chip enables nearly pure phase modulation and ultrafast photodetection beyond 500 GHz. Moreover, the demonstrated compatibility of graphene with wafer‐level integration paves the way for mass production of graphene‐based silicon photonic devices, offering improved yield, scalability, and cost‐effectiveness. In this work, a comprehensive review is provided, focusing on graphene‐based silicon photonic devices and their applications in optical interconnects, aiming to explore the potential of graphene in advancing silicon photonic technology.
Vacuum Processed Metal Halide Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhou Chun , Meng Wenyuan , Kong Lingmei , Zhang Chengxi , Zhang Jianhua , Liu Fangze , Li Hongbo , Jia Guohua , Yang Xuyong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetal halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are expected to be the next‐generation display technology due to their unique optoelectronic properties. Currently, the external quantum efficiencies of PeLEDs based on solution‐processed fabrication methods already exceed 20%. However, there are still many challenges existing in solution‐based PeLEDs that inhibit their commercialization. Recently, vacuum deposition techniques of perovskites have drawn much attention because of the ability to grow dense and uniform large‐area perovskite films with precisely controlled thickness, which is compatible with state‐of‐the‐art organic LED manufacturing processes. Despite the promising prospects of vacuum‐based PeLEDs, some challenges remain to be addressed to achieve PeLEDs with both high efficiency and high stability that are required for practical applications such as active‐matrix displays. This requires precise control of the film morphology, composition, and interface during the deposition process through fine‐tuning of the substrate temperature, deposition rate, vacuum level, precursor formulation, and post‐treatment conditions. In this review, it focuses on the key requirements for vacuum‐processed PeLEDs, highlights the recent advances in materials and devices of PeLEDs, and emphasize vacuum evaporation methods as well as the corresponding device performance. Possible approaches to improve the efficiency and the long‐term operational stability of vacuum‐processed PeLEDs are discussed.
Highly Conductive n‐Type Polymer Fibers from the Wet‐Spinning of n‐Doped PBDF and Their Application in Thermoelectric Textiles
Authors: Sarabia‐Riquelme Ruben , Noble Leah E. , Alarcon Espejo Paula , Ke Zhifan , Graham Kenneth R. , Mei Jianguo , Paterson Alexandra F. , Weisenberger Matthew C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe field of electronic textiles currently lacks n‐type polymer fibers that can complement the more established p‐type polymer fibers. Here, a highly conductive n‐type polymer fiber is obtained via wet‐spinning of n‐doped poly(3,7‐dihydrobenzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b’]difuran‐2,6‐dione) (n‐PBDF). The electrical conductivity of the fibers increases from 1000 to 1600 S cm−1 with increased draw during processing and correlates well with Young's modulus. Wide‐angle X‐ray scattering reveals the existence of a bimodal orientation of the polymer chains, favoring parallel alignment to the fiber axis with increased draw. After 14 d in 80% humid air, fiber conductivity stabilizes maintaining 81% of the initial conductivity. Although the electrical conductivity drops slightly over time, the Seebeck coefficient increases, resulting in the highest thermoelectric power factor being measured at 91 µW m−1 K−2 for the most drawn fiber 14 d after its fabrication. A proof‐of‐concept two‐couple thermoelectric textile is crafted by embroidering bundles of n‐type PBDF fibers and p‐type PEDOT:PSS fibers. The device generates 2.40 nW at a 22 °C temperature gradient. This work represents the initial steps and a crucial advancement toward fabricating high‐performance n‐type polymer fibers that can complement their p‐type counterparts to close the existing performance gap.
Biomimetic Conductive Hydrogel Scaffolds with Anisotropy and Electrical Stimulation for In Vivo Skeletal Muscle Reconstruction
Authors: Xue Yan , Li Jieling , Jiang Tianhe , Han Qingquan , Jing Yafeng , Bai Shuo , Yan Xuehai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe nature of the hydrogel scaffold mimicking extracellular matrix plays a crucial role in tissue engineering like skeletal muscle repair. Herein, an anisotropic and conductive hydrogel scaffold is fabricated using gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) as the matrix hydrogel and silver nanowire (AgNW) as the conductive dopant, through a directional freezing technique for muscle defect repair. The scaffold has an anisotropic structure composed of a directional longitudinal section and a honeycomb cross‐section, with high mechanical strength of 10.5 kPa and excellent conductivity of 0.26 S m−1. These properties are similar to native muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) and allow for cell orientation under the guidance of contact cues and electrical stimulation synergistically. In vitro experiments show that the scaffold's oriented structure combined with electrical stimulation results in enhanced myotube formation, with a length of up to 863 µm and an orientation rate of 81%. Furthermore, the electrically stimulated scaffold displays a promoted muscle reconstruction ability when transplanted into rats with muscle defects, achieving a muscle mass and strength restoration ratio of 95% and 99%, respectively, compared to normal levels. These findings suggest that the scaffold has great potential in muscle repair applications.
Materials and Device Designs for Wireless Monitoring of Temperature and Thermal Transport Properties of Wound Beds during Healing
Authors: Ryu Hanjun , Song Joseph W. , Luan Haiwen , Sim Youngmin , Kwak Sung Soo , Jang Hokyung , Jo Young Jin , Yoon Hong‐Joon , Jeong Hyoyoung , Shin Jaeho , Park Do Yun , Kwon Kyeongha , Ameer Guillermo Antonio , Rogers John A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChronic wounds represent a major health risk for diabetic patients. Regeneration of such wounds requires regular medical treatments over periods that can extend for several months or more. Schemes for monitoring the healing process can provide important feedback to the patient and caregiver. Although qualitative indicators such as malodor or fever can provide some indirect information, quantitative measurements of the wound bed have the potential to yield important insights. The work presented here introduces materials and engineering designs for a wireless system that captures spatio‐temporal temperature and thermal transport information across the wound continuously throughout the healing process. Systematic experimental and computational studies establish the materials aspects and basic capabilities of this technology. In vivo studies reveal that both the temperature and the changes in this quantity offer information on wound status, with indications of initial exothermic reactions and mechanisms of scar tissue formation. Bioresorbable materials serve as the foundations for versions of this device that create possibilities for monitoring on and within the wound site, in a way that bypasses the risks of physical removal.
Microenvironment‐Driven Fenton Nanoreactor Enabled by Metal‐Phenolic Encapsulation of Calcium Peroxide for Effective Control of Dental Caries
Authors: Yang Xiaoru , Shao Jinlong , Zhang Yandi , Wang Ting , Ge Shaohua , Li Jianhua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCaries are one of the most common oral diseases caused by pathogenic bacterial infections, which are widespread and persistently harmful to human health. Using nanoparticles to invade biofilms and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ is a promising strategy for killing bacteria and disrupting the structure of biofilms. In this work, a biofilm‐targeting Fenton nanoreactor is reported that can generate ROS responsive to the cariogenic microenvironment. The nanoreactor is constructed by metal‐phenolic encapsulation of calcium peroxide (CaO2) followed by modification with a biofilm targeting ligand dextran. Within the cariogenic biofilm, the Fenton nanoreactor is activated by an acidic microenvironment to be decomposed into H2O2 and iron ions, triggering a Fenton‐like reaction to generate ROS that can eliminate the biofilm by breaking down extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and killing cariogenic bacteria. Meanwhile, the depletion of excess protons in biofilm leads to a reversal of the cariogenic microenvironment. The Fenton nanoreactor can effectively inhibit the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans on ex vivo human teeth and is effective in preventing caries meanwhile maintaining the oral microbial diversity in rat caries infection model. This work provides a novel and efficient modality for acid microenvironment‐driven ROS therapy.
Intracellular Nitroreductase‐Triggered “On” and “Enhanced” Photoacoustic Signals for Sensitive Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia
Authors: Sun Xianbao , Xu Lingling , Xu Hai‐Dong , Xie Limin , Wang Rui , Yang Zhimou , Zhan Wenjun , Shen Shurong , Liang Gaolin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCurrent molecular photoacoustic (PA) probes are designed with either stimulus‐turned “on” or assembly‐enhanced signals to trace biological analytes/events. PA probes based on the nature‐derived click reaction between 2‐cyano‐6‐aminobenzothiazole (CBT) and cysteine (Cys) (i.e., CBT‐Cys click reaction) possess both “turn‐on” and “enhanced” PA signals; and thus, should have higher sensitivity. Nevertheless, such PA probes, particularly those for sensitive imaging of tumor hypoxia, remain scarce. Herein, a PA probe NI‐Cys(StBu)‐Dap(IR780)‐CBT (NI‐C‐CBT) is rationally designed, which after being internalized by hypoxic tumor cells, is cleaved by nitroreductase under the reduction condition to yield cyclic dimer C‐CBT‐Dimer to turn the PA signal “ON” and subsequently assembled into nanoparticles C‐CBT‐NPs with additionally enhanced PA signal (“Enhanced”). NI‐C‐CBT exhibits 1.7‐fold “ON” and 3.2‐fold overall “Enhanced” PA signals in vitro. Moreover, it provides 1.9‐fold and 2.8‐fold overall enhanced PA signals for tumor hypoxia imaging in HeLa cells and HeLa tumor‐bearing mice, respectively. This strategy is expected to be widely applied to design more “smart” PA probes for sensitive imaging of important biological events in vivo in near future.
Attenuating Epithelial‐to‐Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer through Angiopoietin‐Like 4 Inhibition in a 3D Tumor Microenvironment Model
Authors: Liao Zehuan , Lim Joseph Jing Heng , Lee Jeannie Xue Ting , Chua Damien , Vos Marcus Ivan Gerard , Yip Yun Sheng , Too Choon Boon , Cao Huan , Wang Jun Kit , Shou Yufeng , Tay Andy , Lehti Kaisa , Cheng Hong Sheng , Tay Chor Yong , Tan Nguan Soon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEpithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in metastatic cancer progression, and current research, which relies heavily on 2D monolayer cultures, falls short in recapitulating the complexity of a 3D tumor microenvironment. To address this limitation, a transcriptomic meta‐analysis is conducted on diverse cancer types undergoing EMT in 2D and 3D cultures. It is found that mechanotransduction is elevated in 3D cultures and is further intensified during EMT, but not during 2D EMT. This analysis reveals a distinct 3D EMT gene signature, characterized by extracellular matrix remodeling coordinated by angiopoietin‐like 4 (Angptl4) along with other canonical EMT regulators. Utilizing hydrogel‐based 3D matrices with adjustable mechanical forces, 3D cancer cultures are established at varying physiological stiffness levels. A YAP:EGR‐1 mediated up‐regulation of Angptl4 expression is observed, accompanied by an upregulation of mesenchymal markers, at higher stiffness during cancer EMT. Suppression of Angptl4 using antisense oligonucleotides or anti‐cAngptl4 antibodies leads to a dose‐dependent abolishment of EMT‐mediated chemoresistance and tumor self‐organization in 3D, ultimately resulting in diminished metastatic potential and stunted growth of tumor xenografts. This unique programmable 3D cancer cultures simulate stiffness levels in the tumor microenvironment and unveil Angptl4 as a promising therapeutic target to inhibit EMT and impede cancer progression.
Heterogenized Molecular Electrocatalyst Based on a Hydroxo‐Bridged Binuclear Copper(II) Phenanthroline Compound for Selective Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene
Authors: Liu Na , Bartling Stephan , Springer Armin , Kubis Christoph , Bokareva Olga S. , Salaya Evaristo , Sun Jiameng , Zhang Zhonghua , Wohlrab Sebastian , Abdel‐Mageed Ali M. , Liang Hong‐Qing , Francke Robert 
Published: November 2023

Molecular copper catalysts have emerged as promising candidates for the electrochemical reduction of CO2. Notable features of such systems include the ability of Cu to generate C2+ products and the well‐defined active sites that allow for targeted structural tuning. However, the frequently observed in situ formation of Cu nanoclusters has undermined the advantages of the molecular frameworks. It is therefore desirable to develop Cu‐based catalysts that retain their molecular structures during electrolysis. In this context, a heterogenized binuclear hydroxo‐bridged phenanthroline Cu(II) compound with a short Cu···Cu distance is reported as a simple yet efficient catalyst for electrogeneration of ethylene and other C2 products. In an aqueous electrolyte, the catalyst demonstrates remarkable performance, with excellent Faradaic efficiency for C2 products (62%) and minimal H2 evolution (8%). Furthermore, it exhibits high stability, manifested by no observable degradation during 15 h of continuous electrolysis. The preservation of the atomic distribution of the active sites throughout electrolysis is substantiated through comprehensive characterizations, including X‐ray photoelectron and absorption spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, as well as control experiments. These findings establish a solid foundation for further investigations into targeted structural tuning, opening new avenues for enhancing the catalytic performance of Cu‐based molecular electrocatalysts.
Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diode Display Based on MoS2 Backplane Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Ji Seunghyeon , Bae Sa‐Rang , Hu Luhing , Hoang Anh Tuan , Seol Myeong Jin , Hong Juyeong , Katiyar Ajit Kumar , Kim Beom Jin , Xu Duo , Kim Soo Young , Ahn Jong‐Hyun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe uniform deposition of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) and their integration with backplane thin‐film transistors (TFTs) remain challenging for large‐area display applications. Herein, an active‐matrix PeLED display fabricated via the heterogeneous integration of cesium lead bromide LEDs and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)‐based TFTs is presented. The single‐source evaporation method enables the deposition of highly uniform perovskite thin films over large areas. PeLEDs are integrated with MoS2 TFTs to fabricate an active‐matrix PeLED display with an 8 × 8 array, which exhibits excellent brightness control capability and high switching speed. This study demonstrates the potential of PeLEDs as candidates for next‐generation displays and presents a novel approach for fabricating optoelectronic devices via the heterogeneous integration of 2D materials and perovskites, thereby paving the way toward the fabrication of practical future optoelectronic systems.
Breadmaking‐Inspired Antioxidant Porous Yeast Microcarriers for Stem Cell Delivery in Diabetic Wound Treatment
Authors: Wu Xiangyi , Zhu Haofang , Song Chuanhui , Tan Qian , Zhao Yuanjin , Shang Luoran 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStem cell‐based therapies have exhibited significant promise in the treatment of diabetic ulcers (DU). Nevertheless, enhancing the survival rate and functionality of transplanted stem cells poses a substantial challenge. In this study, inspired by the breadmaking process, yeast microcarriers (YMC) are devised as vehicles for stem cells to address these challenges. The fabrication of YMC involves the amalgamation of microfluidic emulsification with yeast‐mediated fermentation, yielding microcarriers with outstanding biocompatibility, high porosity, and antioxidant activity. Adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) seeded onto YMC display remarkable cell viability and retain their cellular functions effectively. Additionally, YMC boast a rich glutathione content and exhibit remarkable ROS scavenging ability, thus shielding the ADSCs from oxidative stress. In vivo experiments further substantiate that ADSC@YMC implementation significantly lowered ROS levels in diabetic wounds, resulting in enhanced stem cell retention and improved angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and tissue regeneration. These results highlight the potential of ADSC@YMC as a promising platform for delivering stem cell in the treatment of diabetic wounds.
Machine‐Learning‐Driven G‐Quartet‐Based Circularly Polarized Luminescence Materials
Authors: Dai Yankai , Zhang Zhiwei , Wang Dong , Li Tianliang , Ren Yuze , Chen Jingqi , Feng Lingyan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCircularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials have garnered significant interest due to their potential applications in chiral functional devices. Synthesizing CPL materials with a high dissymmetry factor (glum) remains a significant challenge. Inspired by efficient machine learning (ML) applications in scientific research, this work demonstrates ML‐based techniques for the first time to guide the synthesis of G‐quartet‐based CPL gels with high glum values and multiple chiral regulation strategies. Employing an “experiment‐prediction‐verification” approach, this work devises a ML classification and regression model for the solvothermal synthesis of G‐quartet gels in deep eutectic solvents. This process illustrates the relationship between various synthesis parameters and the glum value. The decision tree algorithm demonstrates superior performance across six ML models, with model accuracy and determination coefficients amounting to 0.97 and 0.96, respectively. The screened CPL gels exhibiting a glum value up to 0.15 are obtained through combined ML guidance and experimental verification, among the highest ones reported till now for biomolecule‐based CPL systems. These findings indicate that ML can streamline the rational design of chiral nanomaterials, thereby expediting their further development.
Satellite‐Type Sulfur Atom Distribution in Trithiocarbonate Bond‐Bridged Dimeric Prodrug Nanoassemblies: Achieving Both Stability and Activatability
Authors: Li Lingxiao , Liu Tian , Zuo Shiyi , Li Yaqiao , Zhao Erwei , Lu Qi , Wang Danping , Sun Yixin , He Zhonggui , Sun Bingjun , Sun Jin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHomodimeric prodrug nanoassemblies (HDPNs) hold promise for improving the delivery efficiency of chemo‐drugs. However, the key challenge lies in designing rational chemical linkers that can simultaneously ensure the chemical stability, self‐assembly stability, and site‐specific activation of prodrugs. The “in series” increase in sulfur atoms, such as trisulfide bond, can improve the assembly stability of HDPNs to a certain extent, but limits the chemical stability of prodrugs. Herein, trithiocarbonate bond (─SC(S)S─), with a stable “satellite‐type” distribution of sulfur atoms, is developed via the insertion of a central carbon atom in trisulfide bonds. ─SC(S)S─ bond effectively addresses the existing predicament of HDPNs by improving the chemical and self‐assembly stability of homodimeric prodrugs while maintaining the on‐demand bioactivation. Furthermore, ─SC(S)S─ bond inhibits antioxidant defense system, leading to up‐regulation of the cellular ROS and apoptosis of tumor cells. These improvements of ─SC(S)S─ bond endow the HDPNs with in vivo longevity and tumor specificity, ultimately enhancing the therapeutic outcomes. ─SC(S)S─ bond is, therefore, promising for overcoming the bottleneck of HDPNs for efficient oncological therapy.
Photodynamic Modulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Network Boosted Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Qian Jieying , Yang Zhenyu , Song Yang , Pan Wenping , Ye Yayi , Qin Xiaohua , Yan Xianwu , Huang Xiaowan , Wang Xingwu , Gao Meng , Zhang Yunjiao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractImmunogenic cell death (ICD) represents a promising approach for enhancing tumor therapy efficacy by inducing antitumor immune response. However, current ICD inducers often have insufficient endoplasmic reticulum (ER) enrichment and ineffectiveness in tumor immune escape caused by ER‐mitochondria interaction. In this study, a kind of photoactivatable probe, THTTPy‐PTSA, which enables sequential targeting of the ER and mitochondria is developed. THTTPy‐PTSA incorporates p‐Toluenesulfonamide (PTSA) for ER targeting, and upon light irradiation, the tetrahydropyridine group undergoes a photo oxidative dehydrogenation reaction, transforming into a pyridinium group that acts as a mitochondria‐targeting moiety. The results demonstrate that THTTPy‐PTSA exhibits exceptional subcellular translocation from the ER to mitochondria upon light irradiation treatment, subsequently triggers a stronger ER stress response through a cascade‐amplification effect. Importantly, the augmented ER stress leads to substantial therapeutic efficacy in a 4T1 tumor model by eliciting the release of numerous damage‐associated molecular patterns, thereby inducing evident and widespread ICD, consequently enhancing the antitumor immune efficacy. Collectively, the findings emphasize the pivotal role of photodynamic modulation of the ER‐mitochondria network, facilitated by THTTPy‐PTSA with precise spatial and temporal regulation, in effectively bolstering the antitumor immune response. This innovative approach presents a promising alternative for addressing the challenges associated with cancer immunotherapy.