bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Modular Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Analyser Evaluated
Authors: Ognibene Agostino , Drake Christopher J. , Jeng Kwan-Yee S. , Pascucci Terri E. , Hsu Stephen , Luceri Francesca , Messeri Gianni 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4) and testosterone assays have been used as a probe to evaluate the performances of a new modular chemiluminescence (CL) immunoassay analyser, the Abbott Architect™ i2000. The evaluation was run in parallel on other systems that use CL as the detection reaction: DPC Immulite®, Chiron Diagnostics ACS-180 and ACS Centaur (TSH functional sensitivity only). TSH functional sensitivity was 0.0012, 0.009, 0.033 and 0.039 mU/l for the Architect, Immulite, ACS Centaur and ACS-180, respectively. Testosterone functional sensitivity was 0.38, 3.7 and 2.0 nmol/l for Architect, Immulite and ACS-180, respectively. Good correlation was obtained between the ACS-180 and Architect for all assays. The Immulite correlation did not agree well with the Architect or ACS-180 for fT4 and testosterone but was in good agreement for TSH. Regarding fT4 and testosterone, equilibrium dialysis and isotopic dilution gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) respectively were used as reference methods. For both within- and between-run precision, the Architect showed the best reproducibility for all three analytes (CV < 6%).
Optische 3D-Halbleiter-Kameras nach dem Flugzeitprinzip (All-Solid-State Optical Time-of-Flight 3D Range Imaging)
Authors: Seitz Peter , Oggier Thierry , Blanc Nicolas 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Eine neue Art von optischen 3D-Halbleiter-Kameras wird beschrieben, welche auf dem Flugzeitprinzip beruhen und keine bewegten Teile benötigen. Dazu wird eine Lichtquelle (LED- oder Laserdioden-Array) mit einer Frequenz von 10–50 MHz moduliert, und das diffus zurückgestreute Licht wird mit einem kundenspezifischen Halbleiter-Bildsensor detektiert, der an jedem Bildpunkt nach dem Lock-in-Prinzip die Modulationsparameter Offset, Amplitude und Phasenlage bestimmen kann. Für höchste Empfindlichkeit wurde der Bildsensor in einer kombinierten CCD/CMOS-Technologie integriert. Dieser Bildsensor ist das Schlüsselelement für die miniaturisierte 3D-Kamera SwissRanger®, mit der 3D-Distanzbild-Sequenzen in Video-Echtzeit aufgenommen werden können. Die Distanzauflösung ist in weiten Funktionsbereichen nur noch durch das Quantenrauschen des einfallenden Lichtes bestimmt; unter optimalen Bedingungen wird eine Distanz-Auflösung von wenigen Millimetern bei Messdistanzen bis zu 10 m erreicht.
Moiré-basiertes Positionserfassungssystem für Mikroroboter (Moiré-based Positioning System for Small Micromanipulation Units)
Authors: Estaña Ramon , Wörn Heinz 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Im Bereich der autonomen Mikroroboter muss über ein Positionsbestimmungsverfahren deren jeweiliger Standort μm-genau erfasst werden. Hierzu wurde am Institut für Prozessrechentechnik, Automation und Robotik (IPR) der Universität Karlsruhe (TH) ein zweistufig arbeitendes, optisches Verfahren entwickelt: Durch die Kombination von fotogrammetrischen und interferometrischen moirébasierten Methoden gelingt dabei eine kontinuierlich ablaufende Positionsauflösung von 5 μm bei einer Wiederholgenauigkeit von 0,1 μm.
Detektion von kondensierten Dämpfen mit photorefraktiven Kristallen (Detection of Condensed Vapours with Photorefractive Crystals)
Authors: Matusevich Vladislav , Pismennaya Katsyaryna , Kiessling Armin , Kowarschik Richard 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Wir stellen einen Aufbau für die optische Detektion von kondensierten Dämpfen oder Flüssigkeiten mit photorefraktiven Kristallen am Beispiel eines BCT-Kristalls vor. Hierbei nutzen wir einen selbstgepumpten phasenkonjugierenden Spiegel (SPPCM) zusammen mit dem Effekt der Totalreflexion.
Faser-Bragg-Gitter für Hochtemperaturanwendungen (Fiber Bragg Gratings for High Temperature Sensing Applications)
Authors: Chojetzki Christoph , Klaiberg Torsten , Ommer Jens , Rothhardt Manfred , Betz Daniel 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Spezielle Faser-Bragg-Gitter (FBG) vom Typ II wurden mit Einzelpulsen eines Excimerlasers bei 248 nm während des Faserziehprozesses von Monomodefasern hergestellt. Die Verbesserung des Einschreibprozesses führte zu glatten optischen Spektren ähnlich wie bei herkömmlichen FBGs hoher Reflexion. Demgegenüber weisen sie eine deutlich erhöhte Temperaturbeständigkeit von über 800 °C im Langzeitverhalten auf. Kurzzeitig sind sie sogar stabil bis 1000 °C.
Faseroptischer Drucksensor mit mikromechanischem Wandler und spektraler Signaldetektion (Fibre-Optical Pressure Sensor with Micro-Mechanic Transducer and Spectral Signal Detection)
Authors: Wieduwilt Torsten 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Faseroptische Sensoren besitzen aufgrund ihrer optischen Wirkprinzipien Eigenschaften (z.B. Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber elektromagnetischen Störfeldern und Explosionseigensicherheit), die sie gegenüber konventionellen elektrischen Sensoren auszeichnen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein faseroptischer Drucksensor nach dem Fabry-Pérot-Prinzip beschrieben, welcher zu einer Familie streckenneutraler faseroptischer Sensoren mit spektraloptischer Auswertung gehört.
Time in Continuity Clinic as a Predictor of Continuity of Care for Pediatric Residents
Authors: McBurney Patricia G. , Moran Colleen M. , Ector Walton L. , Quattlebaum Thomas G. , Darden Paul M. 
Published: October 2004

Objective. In 1996, the Residency Review Committee–Pediatrics recommended doubling time in continuity clinic to 2 half days per week. It has yet to be demonstrated that increased time in clinic yields greater continuity of care. The objective of this study was to determine whether increasing the number of half days spent in clinic improves continuity of care for residents.Methods. We reviewed computerized encounter records for all Medical University of South Carolina pediatric residents from 1982 to 1998. Depending on the year and the resident’s training level, house staff spent varying amounts of time in continuity clinic. Time in clinic was estimated from grants and materials generated in the residency program. We calculated continuity of care from the resident’s perspective for each individual resident per year using the Continuity for Physician (PHY) formula.Results. Continuity for 488 resident-years (200 residents) was evaluated. Residents spent from 10% to 30% of their time per year in clinic. Mean PHY was 57% (interns), 62% (second-year residents), and 52% (third-year residents). The correlation coefficient (R) between PHY and percentage of time in clinic was .22. In multivariable modeling, percentage of time in clinic, training level, and year predicted continuity. An increase of 1 half day in clinic was associated with an 11% increase in physician continuity. When analyses were limited to sick visits, R improved to .58. The effect size remained 11%. However, training level and academic year were no longer significant.Conclusion. Increasing time spent in clinic improves continuity and may indeed enhance the quality of this fundamental experience.
Early Preventive Dental Visits: Effects on Subsequent Utilization and Costs
Authors: Savage Matthew F. , Lee Jessica Y. , Kotch Jonathan B. , Vann William F. 
Published: October 2004

Objective. To determine the effects of early preventive dental visits on subsequent utilization and costs of dental services among preschool-aged children.
Design. This investigation studied North Carolina children who were enrolled continuously in Medicaid from birth for a 5-year period. Our research design was a longitudinal cohort study that relied on 4 large administrative datasets, including North Carolina composite birth records from 1992, Medicaid enrollment and claims files from 1992 to 1997, and the Area Resource File. Our outcome measures included type of use and dentally related costs.
Results. Of the 53591 Medicaid-enrolled children born in 1992, 9204 were continuously enrolled for 5 years and met our inclusion criteria. Twenty-three children had their first preventive dental visit before 1 year of age, 249 between 1 and 2 years, 465 between 2 and 3 years, 915 between 3 and 4 years, and 823 between 4 and 5 years. Children who had their first preventive dental visit by age 1 were more likely to have subsequent preventive visits but were not more likely to have subsequent restorative or emergency visits. Those who had their first preventive visit at age 2 or 3 were more likely to have subsequent preventive, restorative, and emergency visits. The age at the first preventive dental visit had a significant positive effect on dentally related expenditures, with the average dentally related costs being less for children who received earlier preventive care. The average dentally related costs per child according to age at the first preventive visit were as follows: before age 1, $262; age 1 to 2, $339; age 2 to 3, $449; age 3 to 4, $492; age 4 to 5, $546.
Conclusions. Our results should be interpreted cautiously, because of the potential for selection bias; however, we concluded that preschool-aged, Medicaid-enrolled children who had an early preventive dental visit were more likely to use subsequent preventive services and experience lower dentally related costs. In addition, children from racial minority groups had significantly more difficulty in finding access to dental care, as did those in counties with fewer dentists per population.
Does Interleukin-6 Genotype Influence Cerebral Injury or Developmental Progress After Preterm Birth?
Authors: Harding David R. , Dhamrait Sukbhir , Whitelaw Andrew , Humphries Steve E. , Marlow Neil , Montgomery Hugh E. 
Published: October 2004

Objective. The severity of the proinflammatory response may determine outcome in the critically ill. Genetic variation in the promoter region of the gene encoding the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6; −174 CC genotype) may encode enhanced production of IL-6. Our objective was to determine whether the CC genotype is associated with worse early illness severity, neurologic injury, and lower developmental scores among surviving preterm children.
Methods. Genotype was determined from dried blood spots that were taken for neonatal screening tests 7 days or more after birth; outcome was independently assessed as part of a longitudinal study of children of ≤32 weeks’ gestational age.
Results. CC genotype was associated with worse intensive care indices. Significant hemorrhagic brain injuries occurred in 5 (19%) of 27 children with CC genotype compared with 7 (6%) of 121 children with GC or GG genotype, and images consistent with white matter damage (ventriculomegaly or cystic periventricular leukomalacia) occurred in 9 (26%) of CC patients compared with 9 (7%) in GC/GG children. Disability occurred significantly more often in CC children: 8 (31%) compared with 16 (13%). A similar trend was also noted in children with cerebral palsy (15% compared with 7%, respectively). Developmental, cognitive, and motor scores at 2 years and 5.5 years were independent of genotype among children with or without disability.
Conclusions. In a population of surviving children who were born at ≤32 weeks’ gestational age, variation of the gene that may increase IL-6 synthesis is associated with disabling brain injury but not cognitive development despite association with worse early critical care indices.
Which Characteristics of Children With a Febrile Seizure Are Associated With Subsequent Physician Visits?
Authors: Gordon Kevin E. , Dooley Joseph M. , Wood Ellen , Brna Paula , Bethune Peggy 
Published: October 2004

Objective. To reanalyze an existing data set to determine which children with an initial febrile seizure have excessive subsequent physician visits.
Methods. Individual data from a regional cohort of 75 children with a first febrile seizure and 150 febrile and 150 afebrile control subjects were linked to a comprehensive physician services database. The impact of study variables on subsequent physician utilization over the following 6 years was modeled using analysis of variance.
Results. Children with a known family history of febrile seizures at the time of study entry had 24% fewer physician visits. Control children with a known family history of afebrile seizures had 7% fewer visits than those with negative family histories. Children with an initial febrile seizure had 45% more physician visits when they knew of a relative with afebrile seizures than those with negative family histories.
Conclusions. Knowing the family history of seizures is probably a marker of reduced physician utilization. At the time of an initial febrile seizure, knowing the family history of afebrile seizures defines a group of patients with excessive subsequent physician visits.
A Systematic Review of Interventions to Prevent Childhood Farm Injuries
Authors: Hartling Lisa , Brison Robert J. , Crumley Ellen T. , Klassen Terry P. , Pickett William 
Published: October 2004

Objective. The goal of the study was to systematically review the global body of evidence surrounding the effectiveness of interventions for the prevention of acute pediatric agricultural injuries. A specific focus was the effectiveness of the North American Guidelines for Children's Agricultural Tasks.
Methods. Two reviewers independently screened studies and applied inclusion criteria on the basis of searches of 17 bibliographic databases (eg, Medline and Embase). We also screened reference lists of relevant studies and contacted experts in the area. Studies were included if they represented primary research, a comparison group was used, the study population included children or the intervention was directly applicable to children, and objective outcomes were reported. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodologic quality of included studies with the Downs and Black checklist. A qualitative analysis was performed because of extensive heterogeneity among studies.
Results. We included 23 controlled studies, ie, 4 randomized, controlled trials, 5 controlled trials, and 14 quasiexperimental or observational studies. Only 8 of the relevant studies were published in peer-reviewed journals. School-based programs appeared to be effective at increasing short-term knowledge acquisition; outcomes were enhanced with active, hands-on participation, as opposed to passive activities. Safety day camps showed positive results for knowledge acquisition. Tractor training programs and community- and farm-based interventions showed mixed results. Studies examining the North American Guidelines for Children's Agricultural Tasks suggested that uptake improves if dissemination is accompanied by a farm visit from a safety specialist or if information about child development principles is provided in conjunction with the guidelines.
Conclusions. There is a lack of randomized, controlled trials and community-based trials in this area. Studies primarily examined intermediate outcomes, such as knowledge acquisition; few studies evaluated changes in injury rates. The interventions targeted at children and youths that were evaluated focused on educational interventions. There is both the need and potential for the development and evaluation of injury control interventions for children, particularly programs addressing lethal injuries to young/preschool-aged children.
Parental Feeding Attitudes and Styles and Child Body Mass Index: Prospective Analysis of a Gene-Environment Interaction
Authors: Faith Myles S. , Berkowitz Robert I. , Stallings Virginia A. , Kerns Julia , Storey Megan , Stunkard Albert J. 
Published: October 2004

Background. Parental feeding styles were linked to child weight in cross-sectional studies, which were unable to test the direction of effect. Prospective studies can best establish causal relationships among such variables.Objective. We tested the 2-year stability of parental feeding attitudes and styles and investigated whether these variables predict child body mass index (BMI) z scores 2 years later. We evaluated whether these associations were dependent on children’s predisposition to obesity.Methods. Participants were 57 families enrolled in an Infant Growth Study of children born at high risk or low risk for obesity, on the basis of maternal prepregnancy overweight or leanness. Children were evaluated for weight and height at 3, 5, and 7 years of age. Measures of parental feeding attitudes and styles were ascertained with the Child Feeding Questionnaire at 5 and 7 years of age. Correlation and multiple regression analyses tested whether parental feeding styles at age 5 predicted increased child BMI z scores 2 years later.Results. Parental feeding attitudes and styles were stable for child ages of 5 to 7 years. With respect to feeding attitudes, perceived responsibility at age 5 predicted reduced child BMI z scores at age 7 among low-risk families, whereas child weight concern and perceived child weight predicted increased child BMI z scores among high-risk families. With respect to feeding styles, monitoring predicted reduced child BMI z scores at age 7 among low-risk children. In contrast, restriction predicted higher BMI z scores and pressure to eat predicted reduced BMI z scores among high-risk children. These associations remained significant after controlling for child weight status at age 3.Conclusions. The relationship between parental feeding styles and child BMI z scores depends on child obesity predisposition, suggesting a gene-environment interaction. Among children predisposed to obesity, elevated child weight appears to elicit restrictive feeding practices, which in turn may produce additional weight gain. Parenting guidelines for overweight prevention may benefit from consideration of child characteristics such as vulnerability to obesity and current weight status.
The Lingering Academic Deficits of Low Birth Weight Children
Authors: Breslau Naomi , Paneth Nigel S. , Lucia Victoria C. 
Published: October 2004

Objective. To estimate the influence of low birth weight (LBW; ≤2500 g) on academic achievement in reading and mathematics in 12th grade in 2 socioeconomically and racially disparate, geographically defined communities.
Methods. Representative samples of LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) children who were born in 1983–1985 and were from the inner city of Detroit and nearby middle class suburbs were assessed longitudinally. Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery-Revised standardized tests of reading and mathematics were used at ages 11 and 17 (n = 773). Multiple regression analysis applying generalized estimating equations was used to assess the independent effects of LBW on test scores.
Results. Compared with NBW children, LBW children manifested deficits of 3 to 5 points in age-standardized tests of academic achievement at age 17 that had persisted with little change from age 11. LBW-related deficits were similar in urban and suburban communities and were independent of family factors. At age 17, LBW children were ∼50% more likely than NBW children to score below the standardized population mean in both reading and mathematics. The LBW-related deficits in academic achievement in adolescence were largely accounted for by LBW-related deficits in general cognitive abilities, measured by IQ tests at age 6.
Conclusions. Interventions to address the lingering effects of LBW on the acquisition of core academic skills during the school years should focus on preschool LBW children in both inner city and suburban communities.
Validation of a Multistage Asthma Case-Detection Procedure for Elementary School Children
Authors: Gerald Lynn B. , Grad Roni , Turner-Henson Anne , Hains Coralie , Tang Shenghui , Feinstein Ronald , Wille Keith , Erwin Sue , Bailey William C. 
Published: October 2004

Objective. The purpose of this study was to validate a 3-stage asthma case-detection procedure for elementary school-aged children.Methods. The study was performed in 10 elementary schools in 4 inner-city school systems, with a total enrollment of 3539 children. Results of the case-detection procedure were compared with the diagnosis of an asthma specialist study physician, to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the case-detection procedure.Results. Ninety-eight percent of children returned the asthma symptoms questionnaires, and 79% of those children consented to additional testing. Results indicated that the 3-stage procedure had good validity, with sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of 82%, 93%, and 93%, respectively. A 2-stage procedure using questionnaires and spirometry had similar validity, with sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of 78%, 93%, and 93%, respectively. However, given the time and expense associated with the 2- or 3-stage procedure and the difficulty of obtaining physician follow-up evaluation of the case-detection diagnosis, schools may prefer to use a 2-item questionnaire that has a lower sensitivity (66%) but higher specificity (96%) and predictive value (95%).Conclusions. Case-detection programs are generally well received by school personnel and can identify children with unrecognized or undiagnosed disease, as well as those with a current diagnosis but poorly controlled disease. This study yields substantial information regarding the validity, yield, and specific types of children who might be identified with the use of such procedures. For the choice of the method of case detection used in a school, the strengths and weaknesses of each procedure, as well as the resources available for case detection, physician referral, and follow-up procedures, must be considered.
Olfactory fossa of Tremacebus harringtoni (platyrrhini, early Miocene, Sacanana, Argentina): Implications for activity pattern
Authors: Kay Richard F. , Campbell Victoria M. , Rossie James B. , Colbert Matthew W. , Rowe Tim B. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractCT imaging was undertaken on the skull of ∼ 20‐Myr‐old Miocene Tremacebus harringtoni. Here we report our observations on the relative size of the olfactory fossa and its implications for the behavior of Tremacebus. The endocranial surface of Tremacebus is incomplete, making precise estimate of brain size and olfactory fossa size imprecise. However, olfactory fossa breadth and maximum endocranial breadth measured from CT images of one catarrhine species and eight platyrrhine species for which volumes of the olfactory bulb and brain are known show that the osteological proxies give a reasonably accurate indication of relative olfactory bulb size. Nocturnal Aotus has the largest relative olfactory fossa breadth and the largest olfactory bulb volume compared to brain volume among extant anthropoids. Tremacebus had a much smaller olfactory fossa breadth and, by inference, bulb volume—within the range of our sample of diurnal anthropoids. Variations in the relative size of the olfactory bulbs in platyrrhines appear to relate to the importance of olfaction in daily behaviors. Aotus has the largest olfactory bulbs among platyrrhines and relies more on olfactory cues when foraging than Cebus, Callicebus, or Saguinus. As in other examples of nocturnal versus diurnal primates, nocturnality may have been the environmental factor that selected for this difference in Aotus, although communication and other behaviors are also likely to select for olfactory variation in diurnal anthropoids. Considering the olfactory fossa size of Tremacebus, olfactory ability of this Miocene monkey was probably not as sensitive as in Aotus and counts against the hypothesis that Tremacebus was nocturnal. This finding accords well with previous observations that the orbits of Tremacebus are not as large as nocturnal Aotus. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystal Structure of the Mixed Mn4+/Mn5+ 2H‐Perovskite‐Type Ba4Mn2NaO9 Oxide.
Authors: Quarez Eric , Roussel Pascal , Perez Olivier , Leligny Henri , Bendraoua Abdelaziz , Mentre Olivier 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies with Enaminones: Synthesis and Chemical Reactivity of 2‐(4‐Dimethylamino‐2‐oxobut‐3‐enyl)‐isoindole‐1,3‐dione and of 4‐(4‐Dimethylamino‐2‐oxobut‐3‐enyloxy)‐2H‐phthalazin‐1‐one.
Authors: Al‐Mousawi Saleh , John Elizabeth , Al‐Kandery Najat 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.