bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous rheology in a nanostructured diblock copolymer/hydrocarbon system and its kinetic origin
Authors: Liu Zhizhong , Chattopadhyay Sruti , Shaw Montgomery T. , Hsiao Benjamin S. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractNanostructured squalane solutions (5–20 wt %) of a diblock copolymer, poly(styrene‐b‐hydrogenated isoprene), were prepared by a cosolvent‐casting method. The as‐cast solutions behaved as viscous liquids with terminal flow behavior at room temperature. Upon heating, the solutions gelled, and they did not return to their starting liquidlike state upon cooling. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) revealed a random array of spherical micelles in the as‐cast solutions, which were hypothesized to be in a nonequilibrium state. This abnormal solidification with increasing temperature was correlated with the formation of body‐centered‐cubic (BCC) structures. Isothermal SAXS and rheology measurements also indicated that the rate of formation of BCC structures in the as‐cast solutions increased with temperature. A diffusion‐controlled nucleation‐and‐growth mechanism was proposed for the ordering process in the as‐cast polystyrene‐b‐hydrogenated polyisoprene/squalane solutions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1496–1505, 2004
Brittle–ductile transition of polypropylene/ethylene–propylene–diene monomer blends induced by size, temperature, and time
Authors: Jiang Wei , Yu Donghong , An Lijia , Jiang Bingzheng 
Published: March 2004

AbstractTo study the brittle–ductile transition (BDT) of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) blends induced by size, temperature, and time, the toughness of the PP/EPDM blends was investigated over wide ranges of EPDM content, temperature, and strain rate. The toughness of the blends was determined from the tensile fracture energy of the side‐edge notched samples. The concept of interparticle distance (ID) was introduced into this study to probe the size effect on the BDT of PP/EPDM blends, whereas the effect of time corresponded to that of strain rate. The BDT induced by size, temperature, and time was observed in the fracture energy versus ID, temperature, and strain rate. The critical BDT temperatures for various EPDM contents at different initial strain rates were obtained from these transitions. The critical interparticle distance (IDc) increased nonlinearly with increasing temperature, and when the initial strain rate was lower, the IDc was larger. Moreover, the variation of the reciprocal of the initial strain rate with the reciprocal of temperature followed different straight lines for various EPDM contents. These straight lines were with the same slope. Furthermore, a diagram at critical BDT points in three dimensions (ID, T, and initial strain rate) was given for the PP/EPDM blends. The brittle and ductile zones are clearly shown in this diagram. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1433–1440, 2004
Phase behaviors of symmetric polymer blend systems
Authors: Chang Bong Ho , Bae Young Chan 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe modified double‐lattice model is extended to polymer blend systems. We redefine Cγ as a new universal function of interaction energy to reduce the mathematical defects that originate from the truncation of higher order interaction energy terms. We correlate Cγ with Ryu et al.'s numerical results for symmetric polymer blends with various chain lengths (r1 = r2 = 8, 20, 50, or 100). In addition, oriented interactions between polymer segments are considered with respect to the secondary lattice concept. The proposed model shows a good agreement with the experimental data. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1532–1538, 2004
Multiphysical modeling and meshless simulation of electric‐sensitive hydrogels
Authors: Li Hua , Chen Jun , Lam K. Y. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAccording to a multiphase mixture theory, we have mathematically developed a multiphysical model with chemoelectromechanical coupling considerations, termed the multieffect‐coupling electric‐stimulus (MECe) model, to simulate the responsive behavior of electric‐sensitive hydrogels immersed in a bath solution under an externally applied electric field. For solutions of the MECe model consisting of coupled nonlinear partial differential governing equations, a meshless Hermite–Cloud method with a hierarchical iteration technique has been used for a one‐dimensional steady‐state analysis of a hydrogel strip. The computed results are compared with the experimental data, and there is very good agreement. Simulations within the domains of both hydrogels and surrounding solutions also present distributions of the ionic concentrations and electric potential as well as the hydrogel displacement. The effects of various physical parameters on the response behavior of electric‐stimulus responsive hydrogels are discussed in detail. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1514–1531, 2004
Simultaneous wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis of the melting and recrystallization behavior of polyethylene and isotactic polypropylene containing cyclopentane units in the main chain
Authors: Naga Naofumi 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe melting and crystallization behavior of polyethylene and isotactic polypropylene containing 1,2‐ or 1,3‐disubstituted cyclopentane units in the main chain has been studied with simultaneous wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry. For the ethylene‐based copolymers, the position of a reflection peak in the WAXD patterns shifts to a low angle with the increasing acquired temperature. The temperature dependence on the axial length of the crystal lattice is more marked in the copolymers forming orthorhombic crystals (containing 1,2‐cyclopentane or 5.6 mol % 1,3‐cyclopentane units) than in those forming hexagonal crystals (containing 8.1 mol % 1,3‐cyclopentane units). For the isotactic propylene‐based copolymers, the position of the reflection peaks in the WAXD patterns is independent of the acquired temperature. The proportion of the γ form in the copolymer containing the 1,2‐cyclopentane units is higher than that in the copolymers containing the 1,3‐cyclopentane units. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1457–1465, 2004
Physical properties of poly(ε‐caprolactone) layered silicate nanocomposites prepared by controlled grafting polymerization
Authors: Gorrasi Giuliana , Tortora Mariarosaria , Vittoria Vittoria , Pollet Eric , Alexandre Michael , Dubois Philippe 
Published: March 2004

AbstractPoly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) chains grafted onto montmorillonite modified by a mixture of nonfunctional ammonium salts and ammonium‐bearing hydroxyl groups were prepared. The clay content was fixed to 3 wt %, whereas the hydroxyl functionality was 25, 50, 75, and 100%, obtaining an intercalated or exfoliated system. The transport properties of water and dichloromethane vapors and the mechanical properties were investigated. The mechanical and dynamic mechanical analyses showed improvement of the nanocomposite elastic modulus in a wide temperature range. Interestingly, for the higher hydroxyl contents (50, 75, and 100%), the decrease of modulus at higher temperature, due to the PCL crystalline melting, did not lead to the loss of mechanical consistence of the samples. Consequently, they revealed a measurable modulus up to 120 °C, a much higher temperature with respect to pure PCL. Water sorption was investigated in the entire activity range, and a lower sorption was observed on increasing the hydroxyl content, up to the sample with 100% hydroxyl content, which turned to be completely impermeable, even in liquid water. The sample with 75% hydroxyl content showed a threshold activity (a = 0.4) below which it was impermeable to water vapor. Also, the diffusion parameters decreased when the hydroxyl content increased, up to the 100% sample, which showed zero diffusion. The diffusion parameters of an organic vapor, dichloromethane, also exhibited a decreasing value on increasing the hydroxyl content in the nanocomposites. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1466–1475, 2004
Tachyon condensation for intersecting branes at small and large angles
Authors: Epple F. , Lüst D. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe review the worldsheet analysis for intersecting branes with focus on small and large angles. For small angles, we review the Yang‐Mills fluctuation analysis in [1] and find an additional family of massless modes. They are the components of a Goldstone scalar corresponding to the spontaneously broken U(2)‐gauge symmetry. For branes at large angles, we derive an effective tachyon field theory from BSFT results. We show how the gauge symmetry of this system implies a mass spectrum which is consistent with the worldsheet analysis.
Systems engineering aspects in theatre missile defense—design principles and a case study
Authors: Ben‐Asher Joseph Z. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractTheatre missile defense systems are classified as systems‐of‐systems. System‐level design principles should therefore apply to this type of systems. These principles involve mainly balancing between independency and autonomy of the subsystems on the one hand, with strong incentives for collaboration on the other hand. A case study of a theatre missile defense boost‐phase interception system is studied in light of these principles. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 7: 186–194, 2004
Minimizing the cost of availability of coverage from a constellation of satellites: Evaluation of optimization methods
Authors: Kelley Clifford , Dessouky Maged 
Published: March 2004

AbstractSatellite systems to provide terrestrial surface coverage are currently optimized by independently optimizing parts of the system or by locally starting at a “baseline” configuration and making small changes. Even when using a “baseline,” the various components such as constellation configuration, satellite design, and acquisition have generally been optimized separately. A model was developed to minimize the life‐cycle cost of the system as a whole with the appropriate linkages between the major parts of the system in both cost and performance. The model consists of a cost model, and a performance model. The cost model includes the cost of purchasing and maintaining an inventory of satellites and launch vehicles, launch operations, and orbit operations. The performance model evaluates the availability over geographic grid averaging areas over a given period of time. The performance of local optimization techniques (Simplex and Complex) was evaluated against global optimization techniques (Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithms) for providing availability of coverage. The global optimization techniques performed much better with Genetic Algorithms performing slightly better than Simulated Annealing. The quality of the solutions found was benchmarked against a trade study and local optimization methods, and our proposed global systems approach provided significant cost savings over the existing techniques. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 7: 113–122, 2004
System‐level application of the evolutionary product development process to manufactured goods
Authors: McDevitt Carol Ann , Cahill Eric C , Stambaugh Craig 
Published: March 2004

AbstractCurrent literature on software product development suggests that it is possible to develop the software architecture alongside the software itself using an evolutionary product development process. That is, engineers can delay finalization of product architecture until well along in the product development process. If there is a financial incentive to delay “freezing” the architecture until the latter stages of product development, could this process also be used for manufactured goods? This paper provides some examples of delayed architectural decisions, discusses when there might be financial incentives, and then shows some interesting new practices which might facilitate this process. It then comments on the applicability of this evolutionary approach to the development of the product architecture of manufactured goods, and concludes that manufactured goods can potentially realize the gains derived from an evolutionary approach to architectural design. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 7: 144–152, 2004
The ISRE method for analyzing system requirements with virtual prototypes
Authors: Sutcliffe Alistair , Gault Brian 
Published: March 2004

AbstractVirtual prototyping is a useful approach for refining requirements and testing designs in systems engineering; however, use of virtual reality technology can cause usability problems which can be interpreted as “false positive” requirements errors. The ISRE method guides the analysis of problems encountered during the testing of virtual prototypes and helps assign causes to either genuine design defects or usability issues with Virtual Reality (VR) technology. The method consists of techniques for walkthrough testing, testing with users, causal analysis of observed problems, and design of scenario‐based analysis sessions. A checklist of requirements questions is given, with guidance on scenario‐based testing of virtual prototypes and advice on configuring VR technology to obtain the best results from virtual prototyping sessions. The method is described and its use illustrated with a case study of validating requirements for an aircraft maintenance application. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 7: 123–143, 2004
Value‐centered R&D organizations: Ten principles for characterizing, assessing, and managing value
Authors: Rouse William B. , Boff Kenneth R. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe management of R&D organizations has received considerable attention in terms of the nature of the flow from research to development to deployed technology, as well as planning and managing this flow. R&D strategies, innovation funnels, and multistage decision processes, to name just a few constructs, have been articulated and elaborated. This article builds on this foundation to consider the nature of the value created by this process. An options‐based approach is advocated for economic valuation of the products of R&D. Adoption and implementation of this approach is outlined in terms of ten principles for characterizing, assessing, and managing value. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.† Syst Eng 7: 167–185, 2004
Management of international strategic business cooperation: Situational conditions, performance criteria, and success factors
Authors: Holtbrügge Dirk 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn recent years, international strategic business cooperation has attracted great attention in both
international management theory and practice. Several prominent examples demonstrate that interfirm alliances can
no longer be viewed as second‐best solutions but must be recognized as efficient forms of
internationalization.In this article, the specific management problems of international strategic business cooperation are analyzed
and a systematic approach for their solution is presented. After outlining three examples that represent three
different forms of international strategic business cooperation, a conceptual framework is developed that
integrates three different perspectives: situational conditions, management instruments, and performance
criteria. In the main part of the article, five success factors of international strategic business cooperation
(partner selection, cooperation agreement, management structure, acculturation process, and knowledge
management) are discussed. The article ends with a short summary and implications for further research.
© 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Business goals in market versus transition economies: An exploratory comparison of Hungarian and U.S. MBA students
Authors: Danis Wade M. , Shipilov Andrew V. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractDeveloped market economies and transition economies are characterized by radically different institutional,
economic, and cultural environments, which we expected would produce differences in business goals among MBA
students. We measured differences between 103 Hungarian and 454 U.S. part‐time MBAs and found that U.S.
respondents placed more importance on growth of the business, short‐term profits, staying within the laws,
and honor, face, and reputation. Hungarians placed more emphasis on game and gaming spirit, and family values.
Although the results showed significant differences on some business goals, they were not as great as the
literature would suggest, indicating that some convergence has occurred since transition began. © 2004 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.
Doing business in Poland: What U.S. managers need to know
Authors: DeDee J. Kim , Frederickson Paul 
Published: March 2004

AbstractPoland has been and continues to be the leader of the transition economies of Eastern Europe. This study
provides an in‐depth look at the ongoing economic, legal, and administrative policies of the Polish
government in laying the ground‐work for a free‐market society. With the smaller business in mind,
we first examine how the government of Poland moved decisively to lay the cornerstone for a
private‐sector
economy. Next, we demonstrate how Poland redirected its political and legal processes for long‐term
global
business. Finally, we describe what the U.S. government is doing to help Poland become a better trading partner
and what this means to interested American firms. While there are many deep‐seated positive changes
throughout Poland as it becomes a more significant global business player, there also are many challenges that
must be understood by interested U.S. businesses if their investments in Poland are to be successful. ©
2004
Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The management of exchange‐rate risk: A case from the manufacturing industry
Authors: Dhanani Alpa 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis article looks into the management of exchange rate risk at a U.K.‐listed company. The focus is
particularly on the firm's operating exchange risk, for which it uses a synthesis of three different risk
management approaches. These include the use of long‐term financial hedging instruments, operational
adjustments based on real options theory, and the currency denomination of debt. Practice at the case company is
unique, in that the former approach has been considered inappropriate by the theoretical literature and the latter
is seldom used to manage firms' real cash flow exposures. In general, it has important implications for
multinationals, especially with reference to the use of operational adjustments and the currency denomination of
debt. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The pleasures, perils, and possibilities of undertaking international business research
Authors: Amine Lyn S. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBrian Toyne, Zaida L. Martínez, & Richard A. Menger (Eds.). 2001. International
Business Scholarship: Mastering Intellectual, Institutional, and Research Challenges. Westport, CT: Quorum
Books. ISBN: 1‐56720‐351‐5.Masaaki (Mike) Kotabe & Preet S. Aulakh (Eds.). 2002. Emerging Issues in
International Business Research. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar. ISBN:
1‐84064‐836‐8.
Entrepreneurial management revisited
Authors: Khan Wasif M. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractDan Steinbock. 2001. The Nokia Revolution: The Story of an Extraordinary Company that Transformed an
Industry, New York: AMACOM. ISBN: 0‐8144‐0636‐X.Saul Rubenstein & Thomas A. Kochan. 2001. Learning from Saturn: Possibilities for Corporate
Governance and Employee Relations. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN:
0‐8014‐3873‐X.Jason Goodwin. 2001. Otis: Giving Rise to the Modern City. Chicago: Ivan S. Dee. ISBN:
1‐56663‐385‐0.
Effects of triethylene tetraamine on telomerase activity and proliferation in HeLa cells
Authors: Yin Fei , Liu Jianhui , Peng Xiaojun 
Published: March 2004

AbstractTelomerase, which is required to maintain telomeres, has attracted considerable attention as a target for anticancer therapy. In this study, we investigated the inhibition of HeLa cell telomerase activity and cell cycle progression by triethylene tetraamine (TETA), using a modified telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay, and flow cytometry. TETA inhibited telomerase activity in HeLa cell extracts, with an IC50of about 7.8 μM. Coupled with this inhibition, TETA also increased the proportion of cells in the G1phase of the cell cycle in a dose‐dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that TETA is a potent inhibitor of telomerase in micromolar concentrations, and inhibits the proliferation of HeLa cells by arresting them in G1.
Cardiac chimerism in recipients of peripheral‐blood and bone marrow stem cells
Authors: Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Muñiz‐Diaz Eduardo , Catasus Lluis , Arilla Marina , Rodriguez Carmen , Sierra Jordi , Madoz Pedro J. , Cinca Juan 
Published: March 2004

AbstractMultipotent progenitor cells have the ability to differentiate into most somatic cell types, including cardiac myocytes. We sought to investigate cardiac chimerism after peripheral‐blood and bone marrow stem cell transplantation. Between 10 and 17 highly polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) markers were assayed in DNA obtained from donors’ peripheral blood, recipients’ peripheral blood before transplantation, and the recipient's heart in every patient. Gender and non‐gender STR donor alleles were identified in the recipient heart in three patients. Using a highly sensitive PCR assay to determine donor and recipient genotypes, we confirmed the existence of cardiac chimerism in recipients of peripheral‐blood and bone marrow stem cells.
Necessity and redundancy of guidepost cells in the embryonic Drosophila CNS
Authors: Whitington Paul M. , Quilkey Carol , Sink Helen 
Published: March 2004

AbstractGuidepost cells are specific cellular cues in the embryonic environment utilized by axonal growth cones in pathfinding decisions. In the embryonic Drosophila CNS the RP motor axons make stereotypic pathways choices involving distinct cellular contacts: (i) extension across the midline via contact with the axon and cell body of the homologous contralateral RP motoneuron, (ii) extension down the contralateral longitudinal connective (CLC) through contact with connective axons and longitudinal glia, and (iii) growth into the intersegmental nerve (ISN) through contact with ISN axons and the segmental boundary glial cell (SBC). We have now ablated putative guidepost cells in each of the CNS pathway subsections and uncovered their impact on subsequent RP motor axon pathfinding. Removal of the longitudinal glia or the SBC did not adversely affect pathfinding. This suggests that the motor axons either utilized the alternative axonal substrates, or could still make filopodial contact with the next pathway section's cues. In contrast, RP motor axons did require contact with the axon and soma of their contralateral RP homologue. Absence of this neuronal substrate frequently impeded RP axon outgrowth, suggesting that the next cues were beyond filopodial reach. Together these are the first direct ablations of putative guidepost cells in the CNS of this model system, and have uncovered both pathfinding robustness and susceptibility by RP axons in the absence of specific contacts.