bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hunting can increase physical activity of Indigenous peoples in Canada: pixem re yecwme'nstut
Authors: Paul Sidney , Haynes Elijah , Rush Kathy , Hiwi Braden Te , Jakobi Jennifer , Robbins Fred 
Published: February 2024

This study examined whether Indigenous peoples could achieve the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines (CPAG) for adults while engaging in the cultural practice of hunting. It was hypothesized that Indigenous hunters would achieve or surpass the physical activity (PA) thresholds set forth by the CPAG on days spent hunting. Step count and heart rate were recorded from six male participants during mule deer hunts and days spent on-reserve. Step count was not statistically different between days spent hunting (28 803 ± 10 657 steps) and on-reserve (15 086 ± 7536 steps) ( p = 0.10). Time spent in light (257 ± 45 min; p = 0.04), moderate (118 ± 71 min; p = 0.03), and vigorous (45 ± 42 min; p = 0.04) activities while hunting was greater than on-reserve (light, 180 ± 86; moderate, 71 ± 73; vigorous, 7 ± 10 min). The duration of moderate-to-vigorous PA (119 ± 95 min) for an average day hunting nearly meets the weekly CPAG recommendation of 150 min per week and is 1.8× greater than on-reserve (67 ± 80 min). Data suggest that hunting is probably a viable mode of PA for Indigenous adults to achieve health benefits. A strength of this study is the 10 h of daily recording which includes vehicular transportation to remote hunting areas. The duration of very light/sedentary PA did not differ between hunting (233 ± 211 min) and on-reserve (327 ± 164 min; p = 0.10), and highlights the importance of modernized vehicles in traditional Indigenous activities. A larger sample size would facilitate greater exploration of transportation, as well as success of the hunt on PA. These data suggest that health researchers and clinicians should consider traditional activities such as hunting as a means for Indigenous adults to increase participation in sufficiently vigorous PA to incur health benefits.
PROJECTED CHANGE IN DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF CROP WILD RELATIVES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF THE FERTILE CRESCENT
Authors: ZAIR WATHEK , MAXTED NIGEL , BREHM JOANA MAGOS , AMRI AHMED , TOLEDO AREMI R. CONTRERAS 
Published: February 2024

The principal aim of this paper is to evaluate alterations in the geographical distributions of priority crop wild relatives (CWRs) within the Fertile Crescent Region. The analysis encompasses a comprehensive set of 441 priority CWRs. To compile species distribution information, a meticulously constructed database of occurrence records was utilized. The process involved gathering current and projected climate data from WorldClim to facilitate the evaluation. This study employed MaxEnt version 3.4.1 for species distribution modeling (SDM) considering two distinct dispersal scenarios. One scenario proposed that the CWR taxa were incapable of adapting to their preferred weather conditions, while the other scenario suggested that CWR could track suitable climates to ensure their survival. The generated maps underwent processing in DIVA-GIS version 7.5. Notably, Aegilops bicornis, a wild relative of bread wheat, and Triticum monococcum, a wild relative of wheat, are anticipated to face substantial impacts due to climate change. Specifically, the dispersal of T. monococcum is predicted to shift toward the north, where new suitable areas are expected to emerge in Northern Iraq. Conversely, Cicer bijugum, a wild relative of chickpea, Vicia grandiflora, a wild relative of common vetch, and Beta corolliflora, a wild relative of sugar beet, are projected to experience a comparatively slight impact from climate change, as their potential distribution areas are estimated to diminish. Overall, this study foresees a decline in CWRs across the Fertile Crescent, particularly noting reduced habitats for the CWRs in Turkey.
Systemic Biological Mechanisms of Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Williams AnnaLynn M. , Liu Wei , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Mirzaei Salehabadi Sedigheh , Panoskaltsis-Mortari Angela , Phillips Nicholas S. , Mulrooney Daniel A. , Flerlage Jamie E. , Yasui Yutaka , Srivastava Deokumar , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Ness Kirsten K. , Sabin Noah D. , Krull Kevin R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors experience neurocognitive impairment despite receiving no central nervous system–directed therapy, though little is known about the underlying mechanisms.

Experimental Design:
HL survivors (n = 197) and age-, sex- and race/ethnicity frequency-matched community controls (n = 199) underwent standardized neurocognitive testing, and serum collection. Luminex multiplex or ELISA assays measured markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Linear regression models compared biomarker concentrations between survivors and controls and with neurocognitive outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, anti-inflammatory medication, and recent infections.

Results:
HL survivors [mean (SD) current age 36 (8) years, 22 (8) years after diagnosis] demonstrated higher concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL6), high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), compared with controls (P’s &lt; 0.001). Among survivors, higher concentrations of IL6 were associated with worse visuomotor processing speed (P = 0.046). hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L was associated with worse attention, processing speed, memory, and executive function (P’s &lt; 0.05). Higher concentrations of malondialdehyde were associated with worse focused attention and visual processing speed (P’s &lt; 0.05). Homocysteine was associated with worse short-term recall (P = 0.008). None of these associations were statistically significant among controls. Among survivors, hs-CRP partially mediated associations between cardiovascular or endocrine conditions and visual processing speed, whereas IL6 partially mediated associations between pulmonary conditions and visuomotor processing speed.

Conclusions:
Neurocognitive function in long-term survivors of HL appears to be associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, both representing potential targets for future intervention trials.
Machine Learning Links T-cell Function and Spatial Localization to Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy and Clinical Outcome in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Blise Katie E. , Sivagnanam Shamilene , Betts Courtney B. , Betre Konjit , Kirchberger Nell , Tate Benjamin J. , Furth Emma E. , Dias Costa Andressa , Nowak Jonathan A. , Wolpin Brian M. , Vonderheide Robert H. , Goecks Jeremy , Coussens Lisa M. , Byrne Katelyn T. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Tumor molecular data sets are becoming increasingly complex, making it nearly impossible for humans alone to effectively analyze them. Here, we demonstrate the power of using machine learning (ML) to analyze a single-cell, spatial, and highly multiplexed proteomic data set from human pancreatic cancer and reveal underlying biological mechanisms that may contribute to clinical outcomes. We designed a multiplex immunohistochemistry antibody panel to compare T-cell functionality and spatial localization in resected tumors from treatment-naïve patients with localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with resected tumors from a second cohort of patients treated with neoadjuvant agonistic CD40 (anti-CD40) monoclonal antibody therapy. In total, nearly 2.5 million cells from 306 tissue regions collected from 29 patients across both cohorts were assayed, and over 1,000 tumor microenvironment (TME) features were quantified. We then trained ML models to accurately predict anti-CD40 treatment status and disease-free survival (DFS) following anti-CD40 therapy based on TME features. Through downstream interpretation of the ML models’ predictions, we found anti-CD40 therapy reduced canonical aspects of T-cell exhaustion within the TME, as compared with treatment-naïve TMEs. Using automated clustering approaches, we found improved DFS following anti-CD40 therapy correlated with an increased presence of CD44+CD4+ Th1 cells located specifically within cellular neighborhoods characterized by increased T-cell proliferation, antigen experience, and cytotoxicity in immune aggregates. Overall, our results demonstrate the utility of ML in molecular cancer immunology applications, highlight the impact of anti-CD40 therapy on T cells within the TME, and identify potential candidate biomarkers of DFS for anti-CD40–treated patients with PDAC.
Rejuvenated iPSC-derived GD2-directed CART Cells Harbor Robust Cytotoxicity Against Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kinoshita Shintaro , Ishii Midori , Ando Jun , Kimura Takaharu , Yamaguchi Tomoyuki , Harada Sakiko , Takahashi Fumiyuki , Nakashima Kazutaka , Nakazawa Yozo , Yamazaki Satoshi , Ohshima Koichi , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Nakauchi Hiromitsu , Ando Miki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is exceptionally aggressive, with limited treatment options. Disialoganglioside (GD2) is highly expressed on SCLC and is considered a good target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells (CART). Although GD2-directed CARTs (GD2-CART) exhibit cytotoxicity against various GD2-expressing tumors, they lack significant cytotoxicity against SCLC. To enhance cytotoxicity of GD2-CARTs against SCLC, we introduced GD2-CAR into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived rejuvenated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (GD2-CARrejT). GD2-CARrejTs acted much more strongly against SCLC cells than did GD2-CARTs both in vitro and in vivo. Single-cell RNA sequencing elucidated that levels of expression of TIGIT were significantly lower and levels of expression of genes associated with cytotoxicity were significantly higher in GD2-CARrejTs than those in GD2-CARTs. Dual blockade of TIGIT and programmed death-1 (PD-1) increased the cytotoxicity of GD2-CARTs to some extent, suggesting that low TIGIT and PD-1 expression by GD2-CARrejTs is a major factor required for robust cytotoxicity against SCLC. Not only for robust cytotoxicity but also for availability as “off-the-shelf” T-cell therapy, iPSC-derived GD2-CARrejTs are a promising novel treatment for SCLC.

Significance:
This research introduces iPSC-derived rejuvenated GD2-CARTs (GD2-CARrejT) as a novel approach to combat SCLC. Compared with conventional GD2-CARTs, GD2-CARrejTs with reduced TIGIT and PD-1 expression demonstrate robust cytotoxicity against SCLC and would be a promising therapy for SCLC.
Spatial distribution of lower intertidal decapods on the northern Patagonian coast (Pelluhuín beach, Puerto Montt, 41°29′S, Chile)
Authors: De los Rios-Escalante Patricio , Ibáñez-Arancibia Eliana , Ghory Farhana S. , Esse Carlos 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The decapod fauna of Chile’s intertidal shores in inner seas south of 40°S has relatively low diversity because of the presence of low-salinity waters due to river inputs and glacial smelts; nevertheless it is possible that the same decapods species are found as on the northern and central Chilean coast. The aim of the present study was to determine the spatial distribution patterns of lower intertidal decapods on Pelluhuín beach, a small beach south of Puerto Montt, northern Patagonia. Data were obtained by counting individuals from random quadrants in intertidal zones; to the obtained data the variance/mean ratio was applied to determine if the specimens have a random, aggregate or uniform distribution, which are associated with Poisson, negative binomial or positive binomial distributions respectively. Among four of the species observed, a uniform distribution (positive binomial) was reported, and one had an aggregated pattern (negative binomial). The sites correspond to rocky shores in semi-urban zones, and in a protected zone. Our results on the interpretative probabilistic models of aggregated distribution patterns agree with previously reported observations of decapods on the rocky shores of Northern and Central Chile, specifically in interpretative probabilistic models.
Recent Limitations to the Theory of Acts of Sovereignty and What They Mean for Judicial Independence in Egypt
Authors: Eweida Arig M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The theory of acts of sovereignty is a serious limitation on the scope of judicial review. This paper examines the recent applications of the theory by the Egyptian State Council and the Supreme Constitutional Court which aim to widen the scope of judicial review by limiting the applications of the theory of acts of sovereignty. The two cases studied were decided amid political tensions. These cases cannot be understood separately from the political environment in which they were decided and the status of guarantees made for the impartiality of judges within this context. This paper argues that although both cases are important steps forward, they fail to establish a lasting limitation on the theory.
Compelling Legends
Authors: Gellman Uriel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article contributes to recent discussions regarding the reliability and modes of historical usability of Shivḥei ha-Beshṭ—the earliest Ḥasidic hagiography about the Baʿal Shem Ṭov, the alleged founder of Ḥasidism, and his circle. It considers the biographical portrayal of one of the members of the Beshṭ’s circle as an example for the narrative construction of early Ḥasidism. An unknown text is then presented as external evidence for one of the legends, enabling insight into the prolonged formation of this hagiographical compendium from the recounted events until its publication in 1814. This test case contributes to inquiries such as the place of historical events in sacred narratives, the cultural contexts for the composition of such legends, and the significance of their apparent reliability as the narrator’s agendas towards audience’s appreciation.
UK Withdrawal From the European Convention on Human Rights: A Disaster for lgbt People
Authors: Johnson Paul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Since the European Convention on Human Rights entered into force in 1953, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people have consistently sought to utilise it as a means of challenging discrimination against them. In the United Kingdom, various aspects of discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity have been addressed by the European Court of Human Rights. In the context of vehement criticism of the European Court of Human Rights in the United Kingdom, this article explains the vital importance of the United Kingdom remaining a party to the European Convention on Human Rights in order to maintain and develop the protection of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people from discrimination.
Expressing Veracity Reserve in the Secret Service Records of the Polish People’s Republic and the People’s Republic of Bulgaria (on the Example of the CHS Bolek and CHS Sabina Files)
Authors: Mazurkiewicz-Sułkowska Julia 
Published: February 2024

Expressing Veracity Reserve in the Secret Service Records of the Polish People’s Republic and the People’s Republic of Bulgaria (on the Example of the CHS Bolek and CHS Sabina Files)
The analysis of the language of the security service employees in the Polish People’s Republic and the People’s Republic of Bulgaria, made on the basis of the CHS “Bolek” and the CHS “Sabina” files, showed that there is a certain feature that appears extremely often in the examined files, even though its occurrence in administrative and legal texts should be pretty sporadic. It is a very high frequency of using forms that express the veracity reserve. This shows how much the authors of the notes wanted to emphasise their own reserve to the truthfulness of the content provided by the confidential human sources (CHS).

Wyrażanie rezerwy prawdziwościowej w aktach tajnych służb Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej i Ludowej Republiki Bułgarii (na przykładzie akt TW Bolka i TW Sabiny)
Analiza języka służb bezpieczeństwa Polskiej Republiki Ludowej i Ludowej Republiki Bułgarii przeprowadzona na podstawie tzw. teczek TW Bolek i TW Sabina wykazała, że istnieje pewna cecha, która pojawia się w obydwu dokumentach niezwykle często, mimo że w tekstach administracyjnych i prawnych jej występowanie powinno być sporadyczne. Tą cechą jest duża częstotliwość występowania form wyrażających rezerwę prawdziwościową. Pokazuje to, jak bardzo autorzy notatek chcieli podkreślić swoją rezerwę co do prawdziwości treści przekazywanych przez poufne źródła osobowe.
Hierarchical Conceptualization in Polish and Slovene Word Formation Discourses
Authors: Kowalski Paweł 
Published: February 2024

Hierarchical Conceptualization in Polish and Slovene Word Formation Discourses
The aim of the paper is to present the hierarchy as a multi-faceted conceptual category. The topic sets out at least two major research areas. One concerns the implementation of the category of hierarchy in Polish and Slovene languages, discussing and showing its exponents, the other – as a form of linguistic conceptualizing – the use of this category in Polish and Slovene word-formation discourses.

Konceptualizacja hierarchiczności w polskich i słoweńskich dyskursach słowotwórczych
Celem artykułu jest pokazanie hierarchii jako wieloaspektowej kategorii pojęciowej. Zaproponowana problematyka wyznacza co najmniej dwa podstawowe obszary badawcze. Jeden dotyczy implementacji kategorii hierarchii w języku polskim i słoweńskim, omówienie i wskazanie wykładników tej kategorii, drugi – jako forma konceptualizacji językowej – wykorzystania hierarchiczności w polskich i słoweńskich dyskursach słowotwórczych.
A Great Loss for Bulgarian Community of Paleo-Slavic Studies: Georgi Popov
Authors: Ilieva Tatyana 
Published: February 2024

A Great Loss for Bulgarian Community of Paleo-Slavic Studies: Georgi Popov
As an obituary, the paper offers an overview of the professional career and work of this well-known scholar of palaeoslavistics and Old Bulgarian studies, Georgi Popov (15.07.1943–08.04.2023).

Wielka strata dla bułgarskich badań paleoslawistycznych – Georgi Popov
Artykuł ma charakter nekrologu i stanowi przegląd kariery zawodowej oraz dzieła znanego paleoslawisty i badacza kultury i języka starobułgarskiego, Georgiego Popova (15.07.1943–08.04.2023).
Assessing CESM2 Clouds and Their Response to Climate Change Using Cloud Regimes
Authors: Davis Isaac , Medeiros Brian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Community Earth System Model, version 2 (CESM2), has a very high climate sensitivity driven by strong positive cloud feedbacks. To evaluate the simulated clouds in the present climate and characterize their response with climate warming, a clustering approach is applied to three independent satellite cloud products and a set of coupled climate simulations. Using k-means clustering with a Wasserstein distance cost function, a set of typical cloud configurations is derived for the satellite cloud products. Using satellite simulator output, the model clouds are classified into the observed cloud regimes in both current and future climates. The model qualitatively reproduces the observed cloud configurations in the historical simulation using the same time period as the satellite observations, but it struggles to capture the observed heterogeneity of clouds which leads to an overestimation of the frequency of a few preferred cloud regimes. This problem is especially apparent for boundary layer clouds. Those low-level cloud regimes also account for much of the climate response in the late twenty-first century in four shared socioeconomic pathway simulations. The model reduces the frequency of occurrence of these low-cloud regimes, especially in tropical regions under large-scale subsidence, in favor of regimes that have weaker cloud radiative effects.
The Impact of Interactive Ocean Dynamics on Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Variability
Authors: Gozdz Olivia , Buckley Martha W. , DelSole Timothy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The impact of interactive ocean dynamics on internal variations of Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) is investigated by comparing preindustrial control simulations of a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean–ice model to the same atmosphere–ice model with the ocean replaced by a motionless slab layer (henceforth slab ocean model). Differences in SST variability between the two models are diagnosed by an optimization technique that finds components whose variance differs as much as possible. This technique reveals that Atlantic SST variability differs significantly between the two models. The two components with the most extreme enhancement of SST variance in the slab ocean model resemble the tripole SST pattern associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) pattern. This result supports previous claims that ocean dynamics are not necessary for the AMV, although ocean dynamics lead to slight increases in the memory of both the AMV and the NAO tripole. The component with the most extreme enhancement of SST variance in the fully coupled model resembles the Atlantic Niño pattern, confirming the ability of our technique to isolate physical modes known to require ocean dynamics. The second component with more variance in the fully coupled model is a mode of subpolar SST variability. Both the reemergence of SST anomalies and changes in ocean heat transport lead to increased SST variance and memory in the subpolar Atlantic. Despite large differences in the mean and variability of SST, atmospheric variability is quite similar between the two models, confirming that most atmospheric variability is generated by internal atmospheric dynamics.
Slovenia‘s national HIV PrEP programme: Evaluation of real-world implementation
Authors: Ambrožič Jerca , Adamič Peter , Tomažič Janez 
Published: February 2024

Background The aim of our study was to evaluate real-world implementation of Slovenia’s national HIV PrEP programme, which is fully covered by our national health insurance. Methods In retrospective cohort study we analysed the data from all men who have sex with men (MSM) who were enrolled in PrEP programme of our clinic between 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2022. Results A total of 190 MSM with an average age of 36.7 years were included in our analysis. 151 (79.5%) decided for event-driven PrEP and 39 (20.5%) opted for daily PrEP. Self-reported adherence was 95%. Among eligibility criteria, unprotected sex was the most common one, followed by one or more STIs in the past, use of chemsex and use of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis in the past. No new cases of HIV infection and no significant deterioration of kidney or liver function were observed during the follow-up. Sixty-seven episodes of STIs were diagnosed and treated. Gonorrhea (32), chlamydia (14), and Mpox (10) were the most common ones. Conclusions PrEP was successfully implemented into everyday clinical practice, proving to be both safe and effective. High number of diagnosed STIs suggests that the PrEP programme, combined with STI screening and vaccination, provides a strong public health impact among MSM in Slovenia.