bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective role of maternal antibodies against Haemophilus parasuis infection
Authors: Solano-Aguilar G. I. , Pijoan C. , Rapp-Gabrielson V. , Collins J. , Carvalho L. F. , Winkelman N. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the impact of maternal antibodies after challenge exposure of baby pigs with a homologous serovar of Haemophilus parasuis.

Animals
7 gilts and their litters from a high health status farm.

Procedure
Gilts were vaccinated twice with a commercial bacterin that contained H parasuis serovar 4 and 5 or, as a control, adjuvant only. A group of pigs was also vaccinated similarly before challenge exposure. After early and late challenge exposure at 3 and 4 weeks, respectively, all pigs from vaccinated gilts were evaluated for clinical signs of infection, lesions, and antibody titer.

Results
All pigs coming from control gilts had severe signs of H parasuis infection. Macroscopic lesions included polyserositis and pneumonia, and bacteriologic examination confirmed H parasuis as the etiologic agent. Vaccinated pigs born to vaccinated gilts did not have clinical signs of disease. However, some vaccinated pigs born to control gilts had signs of nervous system dysfunction and lameness. There was no difference in lesion scores between early or late challenge exposure, but lesions scores for pigs from vaccinated and control gilts were different (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Under these experimental conditions, immune-naive and vaccinated pigs from vaccinated gilts were protected against systemic lesions when challenge exposed with a virulent strain of H parasuis.

Clinical Relevance
Vaccination of the gilt and pigs protects the latter from polyserositis, but results are not different from those for nonvaccinated pigs from vaccinated gilts. Maternal antibodies did not seem to interfere with vaccination of pigs at 1 and 3 weeks of age. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:81–87)
Enhancement of phagocytic and chemokinetic activities of rainbow trout head kidney cells by C-reactive protein
Authors: Kodama Hiroshi , Arimitsu Hideyuki , Mukamoto Masafumi , Sugimoto Chihiro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate immunostimulating activity of purified rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) C-reactive protein (CRP) on trout phagocytic cells.

Animals
20 rainbow trout and 2 rabbits.

Procedure
The effect of CRP on phagocytic activity of head kidney (HK) cells was examined by use of a phagocytosis assay with plastic particles. The enhancing effect of CRP on migration activity of HK cells was examined by use of the blind well assay.

Results
Glass-adherent cells from clinically normal trout had increased dose-dependent phagocytic activity against plastic particles when cells were incubated in the presence of CRP. Pretreatment of particles with CRP also enhanced phagocytic activity of the cells, indicating an opsonic effect of CRP. Rabbit anti-trout CRP serum suppressed the enhancing activity of CRP. The HK cells had significant dose-dependent chemokinetic activity against CRP that was not inhibited by anti-CRP serum, indicating that a CRP-antibody complex also could be chemokinetic.

Conclusions
Rainbow trout CRP has immunostimulating activity for HK cells, resulting in enhanced phagocytic and chemokinetic activities. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:240–244)
Systemic and tissue chamber fluid platinum concentrations released from cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate in healthy dogs
Authors: Buss Michael S. , Henry Carolyn J. , Tyler Jeff W. , Tobias Karen S. , Daoud Sayed , Hoopes Jack , Moore Michael P. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To determine systemic and local platinum concentrations released from subcutaneously implanted cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin)-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and to evaluate systemic or local adverse reactions.

Animals
6 healthy dogs.

Procedure
Cisplatin (20 mg) was inserted into PMMA that was fashioned into cylinders and placed into subcutaneous tissue chambers overlying the thorax (treated site). An empty tissue chamber was placed over the opposite side (control site). Plasma samples were obtained for platinum determination before implantation, at 3, 6, and 12 hours after implantation on day 0, and once daily on days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 29. At similar times on similar days, tissue chamber fluid samples also were obtained for platinum determination. Complete blood count, serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentration determinations, and urinalyses were performed on days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 29. Complete necropsy was performed at conclusion of the study.

Results
Tissue chamber platinum concentrations at the treated site were significantly greater than plasma and control site tissue chamber concentrations on days 2, 3, 7, 10. Mean plasma platinum concentration at 3 (0.735 µg/ml), 6 (0.691 µg/ml), 12 (0.534 µg/ml), 24 (0.131 µg/ml), 48 (0.2 µg/ml), 72 (0.1 µg/ml), and 158 (0.014 µg/ml) hours was significantly greater than pretreatment values (0.0 µg/ml). Plasma platinum concentration 10 days after treatment (0.011 µg/ml) did not significantly differ from pretreatment values. Local or systemic adverse reactions were not apparent.

Conclusions
The route of cisplatin administration was safe. Greater concentration of platinum was released locally relative to plasma concentration for an extended period. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:280–283)
Effects of dietary cysteine on blood sulfur amino acid, glutathione, and malondialdehyde concentrations in cats
Authors: Fettman Martin J. , Valerius Karina D. , Ogilvie Gregory K. , Bedwell Cathy L. , Richardson Kristi L. , Walton Judy A. , Hamar Dwayne W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine effects of dietary cysteine on blood sulfur amino acids (SAA), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in cats.

Animals
12 healthy adult cats.

Procedure
Cats were fed diets with a nominal (0.50 g/100 g dry matter [DM]), moderate (1.00 g/100 g DM), or high (1.50 g/100 g DM) cysteine content in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with blocks of 8 weeks’ duration. Venous blood samples were collected after each diet had been fed for 4 and 8 weeks, and a CBC and serum biochemical analyses were performed; poikilocyte, reticulocyte, and Heinz body counts were determined; and MDA, GSH, GSSG, and SAA concentrations were measured.

Results
Blood cysteine and MDA concentrations were not significantly affected by dietary cysteine content. Blood methionine, homocysteine, and GSSG concentrations were significantly increased when cats consumed the high cysteine content diet but not when they consumed the moderate cysteine content diet, compared with concentrations obtained when cats consumed the nominal cysteine content diet. Blood GSH concentrations were significantly increased when cats consumed the moderate or high cysteine content diet.

Conclusions
Increased dietary cysteine content promotes higher blood methionine, homocysteine, GSH, and GSSG concentrations in healthy cats.

Clinical Relevance
Supplemental dietary cysteine may be indicated to promote glutathione synthesis and ameliorate adverse effects of oxidative damage induced by disease or drugs. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:328–333)
Synergistic effects of concurrent challenge with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and 3-methylindole in calves
Authors: Bingham Howard R. , Morley Paul S. , Wittum Thomas E. , Bray Tammy M. , West Keith H. , Slemons Richard D. , Ellis John A. , Haines Deborah M. , Levy Mark A. , Sarver Craig F. , Saville William J. A. , Cortese Victor S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the potential synergy between bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and 3-methylindole (3MI) in inducing respiratory disease in cattle.

Animals
20 mixed-breed beef calves.

Procedure
A 2 × 2 factorial design was used, with random assignment to the following 4 treatment groups: unchallenged control, BRSV challenge exposure (5 × 104 TCID50 by aerosolization and 5.5 × 105 TCID50 by intratracheal inoculation), 3MI challenge exposure (0.1 g/kg of body weight, PO), and combined BRSV-3MI challenge exposure. Clinical examinations were performed daily. Serum 3MI concentrations, WBC counts, PCV, total plasma protein, and fibrinogen concentrations were determined throughout the experiment. Surviving cattle were euthanatized 7 days after challenge exposure. Pulmonary lesions were evaluated at postmortem examination.

Results
Clinical respiratory disease was more acute and severe in cattle in the BRSV-3MI challenge-exposure group than in cattle in the other groups. All 5 cattle in this group and 3 of 5 cattle treated with 3MI alone died or were euthanatized prior to termination of the experiment. Mean lung displacement volume was greatest in the BRSV-3MI challenge-exposure group. Gross and histologic examination revealed that pulmonary lesions were also most severe for cattle in this group.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Feedlot cattle are commonly infected with BRSV, and 3MI is produced by microflora in the rumen of all cattle. Our results suggest that there is a synergy between BRSV and 3MI. Thus, controlling combined exposure may be important in preventing respiratory disease in feedlot cattle. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:563–570)
In vitro dose-dependent effects of enrofloxacin on equine articular cartilage
Authors: Beluche Lisa A. , Bertone Alicia L. , Anderson David E. , Kohn Catherine W. , Weisbrode Steven E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether enrofloxacin has detrimental, dose-dependent effects on equine articular cartilage in vitro.

Animals
Cartilage explants were developed from 6 healthy horses between 0 and 96 months old.

Procedure
Patellar cartilage explants were incubated in 5 concentrations of enrofloxacin (2 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 1,000 μg/ml, 10,000 μg/ml, and 50,000 μg/ml) for 72 hours. Proteoglycan synthesis (Na35SO4 incorporation for 24 hours), proteoglycan degradation (Na35SO4 release for 72 hours), endogenous proteoglycan content (dimethylmethlene blue assay), and total protein content were determined. Cartilage explants were evaluated by use of histomorphologic and histomorphometric techniques (toluidine blue stain) for cytologic and matrix characteristics. Quantitative data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA to compare results among various enrofloxacin concentration groups and the control group. A general linear model was used to determine whether age had an effect.

Result
Proteoglycan synthesis was excellent in control specimens and in specimens incubated in low concentrations of enrofloxacin (2 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml). High concentrations of enrofloxacin (> 1,000 μg/ml) effectively eliminated proteoglycan synthesis regardless of horse age. Proteoglycan degradation at low concentrations (2 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml) was not different than control. High concentrations of enrofloxacin (> 1,000 μg/ml) caused significant degradation. Different concentrations of enrofloxacin did not affect endogenous proteoglycan. High concentrations of enrofloxacin were associated with a significant increase in number of pyknotic nuclei.

Conclusion
Concentrations of enrofloxacin that might be achieved following systemic administration did not suppress chondrocyte metabolism in vitro. High concentrations of enrofloxacin (> 1,000 μg/ml) were toxic to chondrocytes. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:577–582)
Nitric oxide synthase activity in healthy and interleukin 1β-exposed equine synovial membrane
Authors: Simmons Emily J. , Bertone Alicia L. , Hardy Joanne , Weisbrode Steven E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To quantitate nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in healthy and interleukin 1β (IL-1β)-exposed equine synovial membrane.

Animals
6 healthy horses, 2 to 8 years old.

Procedure
Recombinant human IL-1β (0.35 ng/kg of body weight) was injected intra-articularly into 1 metacarpophalangeal joint of each horse. The contralateral joint served as an unexposed control. All horses were euthanatized 6 hours after injection of IL-1β, and synovial membrane specimens were assayed for NOS activity by measuring conversion of arginine to citrulline. Severity of inflammation was semiquantitated by analysis of synovial fluids and histologic examination of synovial membrane.

Results
Equine synovial membrane had minimal NOS activity. A significant difference was not detected in NOS activity between control and IL-1β-exposed specimens. Histologic examination revealed a neutrophilic infiltrate in synovial membrane exposed to IL-1β. Synovial fluid from IL-1β-exposed joints had a moderate inflammatory response and significantly greater concentrations of IL-1β and interleukin-6 than fluid from healthy joints.

Conclusion
Healthy equine synovial membrane had low NOS activity that was not affected by exposure to IL-1β. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:714-716)
Effects of glutamine supplementation of an amino acid-based purified diet on intestinal mucosal integrity in cats with methotrexate-induced enteritis
Authors: Marks Stanley L. , Cook Audrey K. , Reader Rachel , Kass Philip H. , Théon Alain P. , Greve Carl , Rogers Quinton R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine effects of glutamine-supplemented and glutamine-free amino acid-based purified diets, compared with a dry expanded diet, on intestinal structure and function in a model that used cats with methotrexate-induced enteritis.

Animals
18 adult specific-pathogen-free cats.

Procedure
12 cats were given intragastric feedings of an amino acid-based purified diet supplemented with glutamine (7% [wt:wt]) or an isonitrogenous amount of glycine and alanine; 6 cats consumed a dry expanded diet. After 21 days, cats received methotrexate (MTX; 11 mg/kg of body weight, IV). Intestinal permeability testing was performed immediately before and 66 hours after MTX administration. Celiotomy was performed 72 hours after MTX administration for aseptic removal of mesenteric lymph nodes, collection of full-thickness intestinal biopsy specimens, determination of intestinal cellular proliferation, and collection of aortic and portal venous blood samples for determination of arteriovenous amino acid concentrations across the intestine.

Results
Administration of MTX was associated with severe enterotoxicosis manifested as diarrhea (8/12 cats), vomiting (12/12), and positive results for bacterial culture of mesenteric lymph nodes (12/12) in cats receiving the purified diets, independent of glutamine supplementation. Diet did not affect villus tip length and villus surface area in the small intestine or cellular proliferation. Administration of MTX was associated with significantly increased intestinal permeability, which was not attenuated by glutamine supplementation.

Conclusions
Feeding of a glutamine-supplemented amino acid-based purified diet was unable to preserve intestinal function in cats with MTX-induced enteritis.

Clinical Relevance
Intestinal morphologic alterations correlate poorly with intestinal function as measured by means of bacterial translocation and intestinal permeability. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:755-763)
Cardiorespiratory effects of a tiletamine/zolazepam-ketamine-detomidine combination in horses
Authors: Muir William W. , Gadawski Jennifer E. , Grosenbaugh Deborah A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine cardiorespiratory effects of a tiletamine/zolazepam-ketamine-detomidine (TZKD) combination in horses.

Animals
8 healthy adult horses.

Procedure
Horses were instrumented for measurement of cardiorespiratory, acid-base, and electrolyte values. Each horse was given xylazine (0.44 mg/kg of body weight, IV) 10 to 15 minutes prior to induction of recumbency by administration of the TZKD combination. Cardiorespiratory, acid-base, and electrolyte values were measured at 5-minute intervals for ≥ 30 minutes.

Results
All horses became recumbent within 1 minute after IV administration of TZKD. Mean ± SD duration of recumbency was 40 ± 8 minutes. All horses regained standing position after ≤ 2 attempts. Quality of anesthesia and analgesia was determined to be satisfactory in all horses. Xylazine induced decreases in respiratory rate, heart rate, cardiac output, maximum rate of increase of right ventricular pressure, and rate pressure product. The PaCO2, right atrial pressure, and peripheral vascular resistance increased, whereas blood temperature, PO2, pHa, HCO3−, PCV, total solids, Na, and K values remained unchanged. Subsequent administration of TZKD caused right atrial pressure and PaCO2 to increase and PaO2 to decrease, compared with values obtained after xylazine administration. Remaining cardiorespiratory, acid-base, hematologic, and electrolyte values did not differ from those obtained after xylazine administration.

Conclusion
IV administration of TZKD induces short-term anesthesia in horses. Potential advantages of this drug combination are the small volume of drug administered; minimal cardiorespiratory depression; quality of induction and maintenance of, and recovery from, anesthesia; and duration of drug effects. (Am J Vet Fles 1999;60:770–774)
Diurnal variation in concentrations of various markers of bone metabolism in dogs
Authors: Liesegang Annette , Reutter Regula , Sassi Mirja-Liisa , Risteli Juha , Kraenzlin Marius , Riond J-L. , Wanner Marcel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate diurnal variation in concentrations of selected markers of bone metabolism in dogs.

Animals
Ten 3-to 4-year-old ovariectomized Beagles.

Procedure
Blood and urine samples were obtained in the morning before dogs were fed (8 am) and then at 2-hour intervals for 24 hours. This procedure was repeated 2 weeks later. Concentrations of osteocalcin OC and carboxy terminal telopeptide of type-I collagen (ICTP) were measured in serum, using a radioimmunoassay; concentrations of hydroxyproline (HYP), pyridinoline (PYD), and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were analyzed in urine. Hydroxyproline concentration was measured by means of a colorimetric test, whereas PYD and DPD concentrations were quantified by use of high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results
In both parts of the study, hyp concentrations increased significantly, compared with values before feeding, until 8 hours after feeding; hyp concentrations then returned to prefeeding values. Concentrations of DPD and PYD decreased from before feeding until 2 pm and then increased until 8 pm. The ICTP concentrations slowly decreased until 4 pm but returned to prefeeding values thereafter. In both parts of the study, concentrations of oc decreased during the day and then increased to reach values similar to those obtained before feeding.

Conclusions
Changes in the concentrations of bone markers were detected throughout the day in the dogs of this study. Increase in hyp concentration most likely was related to feeding. As documented for bone resorption and formation in other species, circadian rhythms were evident for concentrations of DPD, PYD, and oc. Investigators should consider the time of sample collection when measuring these markers. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:949-953)
Comparison of insulin-like growth factor-I concentration in mammary secretions and serum of small- and giant-breed dogs
Authors: White Michael E. , Hathaway Marcia R. , Dayton William R. , Henderson T. , Lepine A. J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations in canine mammary secretions and serum during lactation and to compare them between small and giant breeds of dogs.

Animals
7 gestating Beagles and 4 gestating Great Danes.

Procedure
Dogs were fed a common nutritionally complete and adequate gestation and lactation diet. Milk samples were collected at postpartum hour 12 and postpartum days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after IV oxytocin administration. Two puppies/litter were identified at whelping for collection of blood samples corresponding to the days of milk sample collection plus days 35 and 42. Maternal blood samples were obtained on days 1, 7, and 42 from Beagles and days 1, 7, and 28 from Great Danes and were acid/ethanol extracted and analyzed by use of a radioimmunoassay.

Results
Maternal serum IGF-I concentration was greater in Great Danes at all sample collection times. Similarly, colostrum from Great Danes contained more IGF-I, compared with that of Beagles (70 ng/ml vs 40 ng/ml, respectively). These values decreased to approximately 10 ng/ml by day 3 in both breeds and remained between 10 and 20 ng/ml for the duration of lactation. Growth rate and serum IGF-I concentration were greater in Great Dane puppies at birth to day 42.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
High IGF-I concentration in colostrum may be biologically important for newborn puppies. Body mass and serum IGF-I concentration are directly correlated in growing Beagle and Great Dane puppies. Serum IGF-I concentration may be an indicator of growth potential in dogs. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1088-1091)
Nutritional Value and Technological Parameters of Milk From Organic and Conventional Farms in Poland
Authors: Barłowska Joanna , Wójcik-Saganek Anna , Litwińczuk Zygmunt , Brodziak Aneta , Teter Anna , Kędzierska-Matysek Monika 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional value and technological parameters of milk produced in organic and conventional farming systems, taking into account the breeds of cow, feeding system, and season of production in Poland. A total of 413 milk samples were analysed, of which 220 were from Simmental cows raised on organic farms and 193 were from conventional farms, including 64 from Polish Black-and-White cows fed in a traditional system, as well as 65 from Simmental cows and 64 from Holstein-Friesian cows fed in a TMR (Total Mixed Ration) system. The milk was analysed for content of fat, protein, lactose, and urea; somatic cell count; suitability for processing (active and titratable acidity, casein content, protein-to-fat ratio, heat stability, and rennet coagulation); and content of biologically active substances (whey proteins, fatty acids, and macro- and microelements). Simmental cows from organic farms had the lowest daily milk yield, with the lowest concentrations of basic nutrients. However, it was a richer source of α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin and lysozyme and had the highest content of PUFA s. It also had a favourable protein-to-fat ratio and the shortest rennet clotting time, but it contained less Ca, Mg and Zn than milk from farms using a TMR system. The season of production had a greater influence on the composition, nutritional value and technological parameters of milk from farms using traditional feeding, including organic farms, compared to those using a TMR diet. Milk from organic farms obtained in the summer season contained more dry matter, including total protein, β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, and lysozyme. It was also characterised by a more preferable fatty acid profile, i.e. lower content of SFA and higher of UFA, including MUFA and PUFA . In turn, milk from the winter season contained more fat and showed better heat stability. At farms using traditional feeding regimens, both organic and conventional, the production period had a more significant impact on the differentiation of the content of mineral components in milk (mainly macroelements).
Morphology of the enamel-cementum microvascular junction of the mouse incisor
Authors: Wong Ronnie S.F. , Sims Milton R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractScanning electron microscopy of methyl methacrylate vascular perfusion casts with stereopair imaging has been used to provide three-dimensional morpholgy of the mouse incisor periodontal ligament microvascular bed. Both the cementum and enamel related incisor vascular beds have a distinct vascular architecture demarcated by a “boundry zone” of anastomsing vessels extending along the length of the tooth. The microvascular bed overlying the enamel is separated from the alveolar wall by a dense venour system. This investigation provides the first description of the rodent incisor “boundry zone” and the related vasculature using plastic injection replicas.