bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Faith to Faith
Authors: Pitkin Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To explore how Calvin’s commentaries on New Testament texts not from the hand of Paul reflect both his Pauline assumptions and his reinterpretation of Pauline themes, I will consider his treatment of selected biblical passages in his commentaries on Hebrews {1549), James {1551), 1 John {1551), and the Gospel of John (1553). Not only does each of these biblical writings have faith as one of its prominent themes, but also Calvin treats passages from each of them in his discussion of faith in the Institutes. Most important, however, these commentaries provide instructive examples of how the view of faith that Calvin brings to expression in his Pauline commentaries functions as a guide and norm for reading other biblical texts about this topic. Calvin’s Pauline assumptions underlie his interpretation and contribute to the resolution of exegetical or polemical difficulties these texts present. Often his Pauline understanding functions as a lens for reading and correcting other statements about faith. Sometimes, however, a particular text leads him to expand his view of faith and thus to reinterpret Paul in this new light. The discussion will trace some of these developments and show which texts Calvin finds problematic and which texts allow him to explore the theme of faith from different perspectives.
Calvin’s Twofold Notion of Faith
Authors: Pitkin Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In an essay written thirty years after his groundbreaking study of 1952 (and subsequently incorporated into the expanded 1994 edition), Dowey explores anew the “foundational place” of knowledge and, in particular, the twofold knowledge of God, in Calvin’s theological thought. He stresses again the importance of faith, arguing that faith is “the threshold of all Calvin’s thought, because of the revelatory or cognitive priority of the soteriological.” Faith rather than scripture pro vides the entrance to knowledge of God; faith and not objective biblical authority resolves the problem of knowledge. Calvin’s thought is therefore dominated by a soteriological center, but within his soteriology itself is “an inherent dialectic by which it is related to and is set within non-soteriological elements upon which it depends for its meaning. As in his earlier book, Dowey speaks of faith with respect to the soteriological center and links scripture to the nonsoteriological material, arguing that, for Calvin, “scripture is always used in support of knowledge of the Creator, and faith in support of knowledge of the Redeemer.”3 Dowey does not deny that scripture also provides knowledge of God’s redemptive work or that faith in Jesus Christ is the prerequisite for grasping the knowledge of God’s creative activity expressed in scripture.4 Nonetheless, Dowey’s discussion, especially in its location as the new chapter 6 in the third edition of his book, suggests scripture and faith as two “supports” for knowledge of God that are separated on the basis of the duplex cognitio Domini.5 Consistent with his intent to demonstrate that the problem of knowledge is not exhausted with the treatment of the authority of scripture in book 1, Dowey argues for a connection between the authority of scripture and faith that originates in the 1539 Institutes and represents Calvin’s consistent view from that point on.
Speaking of Church What Does It Mean When We Use the Word “Church”?
Authors: Jinkins Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recently I taught a workshop on the subject: “What is the Church?” I began the ses­sion by asking that question. Hands shot up immediately. “A fellowship;’ one person quickly responded. “A community;’ said another. ‘‘A believing community!” offered yet someone else. ‘‘A spiritual community. Or, maybe, a community of the Spirit?” “The people of God:’ “How about a people of God?” Before long, attempts to speak of the church changed from simple descriptive phrases and statements to something more evocative; metaphors and images and analogies expanded.
Searching for a Distant God
Authors: Seeskin Kenneth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Monotheism is usually considered Judaism's greatest contribution to world culture, but it is far from clear what monotheism is. This work examines the notion that monotheism is not so much a claim about the number of God as a claim about the nature of God. Seeskin argues that the idea of a God who is separate from his creation and unique is not just an abstraction but a suitable basis for worship. He examines this conclusion in the contexts of prayer, creation, sabbath observance, repentance, religious freedom, and love of God. Maimonides plays a central role in the argument both because of his importance to Jewish self-understanding and because he deals with the question of how philosophic ideas are embodied in religious ritual.
Speaking of and to God
Authors: Seeskin Kenneth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous chapter we saw that from a philosophic perspective, many of the things people say about God are suspect and that ultimately all talk about God “turns into weariness and incapacity” On a practical level, one does not show respect by treating God as a spoiled child whose anger can be assuaged by flattery. Along these lines, Maimonides (GP 1.59, p. 140) relates the story of the person who addressed God as the Great, Valiant, Terrible, Mighty, Strong, Tremendous, and Powerful but was rebuked by Rabbi Haninah for doing so. According to the moral of the story, to praise God in this way is like praising a king who possesses millions of pieces of gold for possessing silver.
The Problem of Creation
Authors: Seeskin Kenneth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thus far I have argued that monotheism is based on a separation between God and the created order. If the separation is as severe as Maimonides thinks, if God and creatures have nothing in common in any respect, another puzzle emerges: How can we maintain that the created order owes its existence to God? How can God create the world without having anything in common with it? Following Aristotle, the scholastics held that causality is a relation in which the cause passes an attribute to the effect, as fire passes heat to an iron bar.
Interracial Marriage and the Law *
Authors: Zabel William D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When a reporter asked former President Harry S. Truman if interracial marriage miscegenation-would become widespread in the United States, Mr. Truman said, “I hope not; I don’t believe in it.” Then Mr. Truman asked the reporter that hackneyed question often spouted at anyone advocating racial integration, “Would you want your daughter to marry a Negro?” The reporter responded that he wanted his daughter to marry the man she loved whoever he might be. “Well, she won’t love someone who isn’t her color,” the former President continued, and, as if he had not said enough, added that racial intermarriage ran counter to the teachings of the Bible. The question of miscegenation can make a man like Truman, whose past sup port of integration in other respects is not open to question, appear unthinking if not bigoted. The fact of interracial marriage can cause a young Radcliffe educated “liberal” to refuse to attend the wedding of her only brother, or a civilized, intelligent judge to disown and never again speak to his daughter. How many persons are repelled or at least disconcerted at the mere sight of a Negro white couple? Perhaps their number tells us how far we are from achieving an integrated society.
From “Negro Character as Seen by White Authors” *
Authors: Brown Sterling A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This kind of writing should be discredited by its patent absurdity. It is generalizing of the wildest sort, without support from scientific authorities. And yet it has set these idees fixes in the mob mind: The Negro of unmixed blood is no theme for tragedy; rebellion and vindictiveness are to be expected only from the mulatto; the mulatto is victim of a divided inheritance and therefore miserable; he is a “man without a race” worshipping the whites and despised by them, despising and despised by Negroes, perplexed by his struggle to unite a white intellect with black sensuousness. The fate of the octoroon girl is intensified the whole desire of her life is to find a white lover, and then go down, accompanied by slow music, to a tragic end. Her fate is so severe that in some works disclosure of “the single drop of midnight” in her veins makes her commit suicide. The stereotype is very flattering to a race which, for all its self-assurance, seems to stand in great need of flattery. But merely looking at one of its particulars that white blood means asceticism and Negro blood means unbridled lust-will reveal how flimsy the whole structure is. It is ingenious that mathematical computation of the amount of white blood in a mulatto’s veins will explain his character. And it is a widely held belief. But it is nonsense, all the same.
Mark Twain’s Pudd’nhead Wilson *
Authors: Hughes Langston 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mark Twain’s ironic little novel, Pudd’nhead Wilson, is laid on the banks of the Mississippi in the first half of the 1800s. It concerns itself with, among other things, the use of fingerprinting to solve the mystery of a murder. But Pudd’nhead Wilson is not a mystery novel. The reader knows from the beginning who com mitted the murder and has more than an inkling of how it will be solved. The circumstances of the denouement, however, possessed in its time great novelty, for fingerprinting had not then come into official use in crime detection in the United States. Even a man who fooled around with it as a hobby was thought to be a simpleton, a puddenhead. Such was the reputation acquired by Wilson, the young would-be lawyer in the Missouri frontier town of Dawson’s Landing. But Wilson eventually made his detractors appear as puddenheads themselves. Although introduced early, it is not until near the end of the book that Wilson becomes a major figure in the tale. The novel is rather the story of another young man’s mistaken identity-a young man who thinks he is white but is in reality colored; who is heir to wealth without knowing his claim is false; who lives as a free man, but is legally a slave; and who, when he learns the true facts about himself, comes to ruin not through the temporarily shattering knowledge of his physical status, but because of weaknesses common to white or colored, slave or free.
Intermarriage and the Social Structure: Fact and Theory *
Authors: Merton Robert K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The paradox is now fully established that the utmost ab stractions are the true weapon with which to control our thought of concrete fact. Whitehead ntermarnage 1s a concrete act10n mvolving numerous facets, the more dramatic of which have been accorded considerable attention by students of interpersonal relations. The dramatic, however, is not always the theoretically significant; human interest and scientific relevance do not invariably coincide. Among the more prosy aspects of intermarriage is the role of the social structure. Rates and patterns of intermarriage are closely related to cultural orientations, standardized distributions of income and symbols of status. The conflicts and accommodations of mates from socially disparate groups are partly understandable in terms of this phenomenon of intermarriage; the collection of facts in terms of our conceptual framework may do so. Confirmed by whatever relevant facts are available, our interpretation enjoys a measure of plausibility; consistent with a wider body of theory which in turn is supported by systematic empirical inquiry, it may lay claim to a further degree of validity; stated in such terms as to be testable by freshly accumulated facts, it is, at the very least, open to further confirmation or disconfirmation.
Reflecting the Changing Face of America: Multiracials, Racial Classificationand American Intermarriage *
Authors: Perlmann Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If a child has a white mother and a black father, the child is racially ... what? Presently, on the census form individuals are allowed to declare origins in one race only, and so multiracials must choose one race from the available list or classify themselves as “other.” Deciding how the next census should handle the multiracial child is a hot topic now; the directions on how to count are being reconsidered. At issue is more than how just the Census Bureau counts racial origin; every government agency that counts races does so in roughly the same way. The current directions for counting races are found in Office of Management and Budget (0MB) Directive 15; decisions on if and how to change the directive can’t be put off for long because the census forms for the year 2000 are needed in the spring of 1998. Over the past several years the 0MB coordinated an interagency task force to study Directive 15, and a good deal of relevant research has emerged, especially from the Census Bureau, on the implications of alternative procedures. In early July of this year the task force issued its recommendations, and the 0MB will rule on the issues after considering responses to the report. Congress could intervene in the process; hearings were held in 1993 and this past May, more are scheduled, and there is a bill in committee. Finally, the president has declared a year of discussion on race, stressing the changing racial composition of the country. How to classify the mixed-race child is only one of several issues in the review of 0MB Directive 15. In many ways, however, it is the most important; all the others look different after one thinks through the multiracial issue.
Introduction: Understanding Money
Authors: Turner Frederick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“I love your majesty / According to my bond,” says Cordelia to her father, King Lear, at the beginning of Shakespeare’s great play (I.i.92). This sounds like a rather chilly thing to say to one’s father, especially if he has just asked you to declare how much you love him, as Lear has done a few minutes earlier. Yet as the play turns out, Cordelia proves to be an exemplary and loving daughter. What is going on? What, particularly, does she mean by “bond”? The word itself contains a fascinating amalgam of positive and negative con notations. Perhaps we should explore again the nature of the bond and all that comes with it.
Candlestick Mine
Authors: “Jotabeche” José Joaquí Vallejo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Every treasure buried in the bowels of the earth has its owner; and this owner, usually, is a spirit who defends it, hides it, and watches over it, sometimes in the form of a guanaco, at other times that of an enormous fox, and not all that rarely in the form of a vulture, lord of the air. Infinite miners, no matter how little time they’ve spent nosing around in the solitary mountains of Chanchoquin, Punta del Diablo, Checo, etc., bear irrefutable witness to this truth. And I say truth because I do not wish to scorn such an ancient tradition, and because it would be discourteous to say that thousands of men are lying.
The Map to the Lode of the Three Mountain Passes
Authors: “Jotabeche” José Joaquí Vallejo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Man, before heading anywhere, by some accursed rule of prudence, marks out his path so as to give himself the illusion he’s not heading for uncharted territory. He traces his road, calculates anything that might befall him on it, his plucky and foresighted imagination smooths it out and negotiates all obstacles, then he takes his first step, then the second … and smash! … he’s rolling down some steep ravine or sunk up to his eyes in a quagmire.
The Cangalleros
Authors: “Jotabeche” José Joaquí Vallejo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Speaking frankly, there aren’t just cangalleros in the rich mines; the treasury has them too, and very talented ones: everyone takes pride in embezzling its funds, and the treasury itself takes pride in embezzling the income of every citizen. The biography of an ore smuggler will make you die laughing, and the only risk the smuggler runs, assuming he isn’t caught, is the risk of being taken, for the rest of his life, for a clever, talented fellow, a quality that, it should be mentioned in passing, isn’t always a recommendation in the considered opinion of many fools.
Outings
Authors: “Jotabeche” José Joaquí Vallejo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To tell the truth, this business of going out for walks still isn’t anything more than an imported activity in Copiapo, a way to over” come the general inertia of the people here. The siesta, that drowsiness brought on by overeating, still has its devotees and proselytes: it’s our way of keeping up the good fight against effective digestion by not going out for a little stroll right after eating.
An Illness
Authors: “Jotabeche” José Joaquí Vallejo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I don’t ask God to spare me from sickness as intently as I beg His mercifulness to spare me the horror of a cure. The afflictions of the body would be, more or less, about as tolerable as the rabid frailty of an anti-Pipiolo administration, except that it would garner us the compassion of our neighbor and make us the target of the cruel solicitude of infinite relatives and acquaintances who, insistent on restoring our health, would torture our sad corporality and try our patience far more than the debilitating effect of the humors, fevers, or attacks of nerves.
A Word about Fools
Authors: “Jotabeche” José Joaquí Vallejo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The faculty of reason that man is so vain about, on which he bases his superiority over the other creatures of Creation, and which constitutes the pride of our species, the glory and honor of the human family, is this not also the source of all our ills, the cause of that slow, continuous pain, that discontent gnawing at us for most of our lives? Isn’t it reason that takes from our lips the cup of delight, that watches over us like an impertinent pedagogue, that reins in the delightful propensities nature endowed us with, that diverts
The Renegade Provincial
Authors: “Jotabeche” José Joaquí Vallejo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among the many things that must be explained to be understood, I should include the title of this article. If you go strictly by the dictionary, it means the provincial who gives up his faith in Jesus Christ, but this is not my topic, because, thank God, one of the most lovely efforts we all make in this world is to persuade each other that were keeping the faith. Whether anyone believes it is another matter.
Introduction
Authors: Rafter Nicole 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Crime films reflect our ideas about fundamental social, economic, and political issues; at the same time, they tend to shape the ways we think about these issues. When we look at the relationship between crime films and society, we see a dynamic interplay of art and life. This book examines that interplay from the multiple perspectives of film history and technique, social history, criminal justice, and criminological theory.
The Heroes of Crime Films
Authors: Rafter Nicole 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of the many reasons for the popularity of crime films, the most potent lies with the nature of their heroes. Viewers delight in watching characters who can escape from tight spots and outsmart their enemies, all the while tossing down scotch and flipping jibes. Good-guy heroes please us by out-tricking the tricky, tracking down psychos, solving impossible mysteries. Bad-guy heroes appeal by being bolder, nastier, crueler, and tougher than we dare to be; by saying what they want, taking what they want, despising weaklings, and breaking the law with impunity. Both good and bad guys operate on the basis of austere, unambiguous moral codes that are as bracing as they are simplistic and brutal. When Lily, the elegant racetrack swindler of The Grifters (1990), summons a physician to treat her sick son, she advises him: “My son is going to be all right. If not, I’ll have you killed.” We may smile, but we may also envy, if only a little, the unadorned directness of Lily’s approach.
Introduction
Authors: Scheindlin Raymond P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rabbi Moses Ibn Ezra was a sober and distinguished leader of the Jewish community of Granada at the height of the Golden Age of Spanish Jewry. A former student at the renowned rabbinical academy of Lucena, he was also a poet who specialized in composing penitential liturgy for the synagogue. Among his many compositions of this type we find the following lines, part of a poem included in the services of the penitential month preceding the Jewish New Year: The world here is said to resemble a beautiful woman singing in a garden; but the woman is a whore, her song a lie, and the garden abundant with poisoned fruit.
God and Fsrael
Authors: Scheindlin Raymond P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While the Golden Age of Spanish Jewry was at its height, the Holy Land, embroiled in the Crusades, was tom between Christians and Muslims. World Jewry looked on helplessly as strangers battled over the shrines they regarded as their own: These lines by Halevi evoke the Jews’ poignant feeling of being left out by history, passive spectators of the great events being orchestrated by Christian and Muslim empires and determining their fate. The lines also evoke the rivalry that was the consequence of the intimate connection within medieval monotheism between religion and politics. For all their disagreements on specific matters of doctrine, Christians, Muslims, and Jews all concurred that sovereignty is bestowed by God: to have it was evidence of divine approval and satisfaction, whereas to lose it was a sign of divine disfavor. Christians and Muslims saw the Jews’ loss of sovereignty as proof that God had passed over them and their version of the truth, and they saw the Crusades as an episode in their historic duel to determine which was the favored child. On the sidelines were the Jews-divested of independent sovereignty, not even contenders.
Persian, Greek, And Roman Traditions
Authors: Edward Wright J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A shift took place in Jewish views of the universe in the period from Cyrus the Great to Alexander the Great (ca. 540–333 bce). This transformation occurred because of the new ideas that were imported into Syria-Palestine by the Persians and Greeks in the wake of their conquests of the region. To be sure, the Jews were not alone as the entire Mediterranean, Egyptian, and Mesopotamian civilizations experienced similar transformations. The old ways of defining and describing the universe and how humans relate to it and to the gods gave way to new formulations. The cosmos became vastly larger and the gods seemingly more transcendent. Such transformations have been termed “Axial Age Breakthroughs.”1 For Jews, this meant creating new ways to imagine their God, to conceive of their place in the world, to understand the flow and direction of history, and to interact with neighboring peoples. Their reconceptualizations of the heavenly realm fit within this process of evolving self-understanding. In this new, increasingly cosmopolitan world, their image of heaven transformed to fit this new world order, and they—most likely only the literati at first—sought to bridge the chasm between this world and the totally other, transcendent realm of the divine.