bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Model Project Based Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika dan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Nova Setri , Yusri Radhya , Hamdunah Hamdunah 
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh hasil belajar matematika peserta didik masih rendah dan motivasi belajar matematika peserta didik masih kurang pada peserta didik kelas XI SMAN 2 Batang Anai. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hasil belajar peserta didik setelah menerapkan model Project Based Learning Â lebih baik dibandingkan sebelum menerapkan model Project Based Learning pada peserta didik kelas XI/F2 SMAN 2 Batang Anai dan untuk mengetahui motivasi belajar peserta didik setelah menerapkan model Project Based Learning lebih baik dibandingkan sebelum menerapkan model Project Based Learning pada peserta didik Kelas XI/F2 SMAN 2 Batang Anai. Jenis penelitian adalah pre-eksperimen, dengan desain penelitian yang digunakan the one-group pretest-postest design. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas XI/F2. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini purposive sampling, yang dipilih sebagai kelas sampel adalah kelas XI/F2. Instrumen penelitian adalah Â pre-test dan post-test serta angket untuk mengetahui motivasi belajar peserta didik. Analisis data hasil belajar dan motivasi belajar yang digunakan adalah uji-t berpasangan. Berdasarkan analisis data hasil belajar diperoleh hitung Â dan motivasi belajar diperoleh hitung Â pada Â tabel=1,708 pada taraf nyata Î± = 0,05. Karena hitung tabel maka tolak H0 artinya hasil belajar peserta didik sesudah menerapkan model Project Based Learning (PjBL) lebih baik dibandingkan sebelum menerapkan model Project Based Learning (PjBL) dan motivasi belajar peserta didik sesudah menerapkan model Project Based Learning (PjBL) lebih baik dibandingkan sebelum menerapkan model Project Based Learning (PjBL) pada peserta didik kelas XI/F2 SMAN 2 Batang Anai.Kata kunci: Hasil belajar, Motivasi belajar, Project Based Learning (PjBL)
واقع تطبيق عمليات إدارة المعرفة في المكتبات الجامعية " دراسة حالة: مكتبة الكليات الطبية ـــ جامعة بنغازي"
Authors: الشيخي انتصار سعد عبد القادر , الشيخي أحمد سعد , الشيخي نورية سعد 
Published: December 2023

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على مستوى تطبيق عمليات إدارة المعرفة (اكتساب المعرفة وتوليدها، وتخزين المعرفة، ونشر المعرفة وتشاركها، وتطبيق المعرفة) في مكتبة الكليات الطبية في جامعة بنغازي، وقد جُمِعَت البيانات الأولية باستخدام استمارة استبانة صممت لهذا الغرض، ووُزّعَتْ على جميع الموظفين بمكتبة الكليات الطبية البالغ عددهم (29) عنصراً، وقد أشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن المستوى العام لتطبيق عمليات إدارة المعرفة كان متوسطاً، كما أظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسطات إجابات المبحوثين نحو عمليات إدارة المعرفة تعزى إلى مدة الخدمة بالمكتبة قيد الدراسة، وطرحت الدراسة مجموعة من التوصيات التي يؤمل مساهمتها في تعزيز تطبيق إدارة المعرفة في مكتبة الكليات الطبية بشكل خاص وفي مكتبات الجامعات الليبية بشكل عام.
Effect of Er2O3 and ErF3 on the optical properties of sodium oxyfluoroborate glasses
Authors: Hager Ibrahim Z. , Saleh Ibrahim A. 
Published: December 2023

Glasses based on B2O3–Na2O–NaF doped with Er2O3 and ErF3 were prepared by the melt quench technique. Density was measured and molar volume was calculated. The density and molar volume increased with the increase of Er2O3 and ErF3 content. Optical absorption spectra were measured to study the optical properties and their dependence on the Er2O3 and ErF3. The refractive index is estimated and correlated with the wavelength, Er2O3, ErF3, density, and O/F ratio. Nonlinear refractive index, optical and magnetic susceptibilities, Abbe number, molar refractivity, electronic polarizability, and energy gap were also calculated and correlated with Er2O3 and ErF3 contents.
Effect of Blood Transfusion on the Outcome of Cardiac Surgery Patients at Benghazi Medical Center (2014-2017)
Authors: Eltajuri Nuria Mohammed Ali , Meidan Tunis M. 
Published: December 2023

Background: The effect of blood transfusion on cardiac surgery patients is dependent on other factors such as demographics, type of open heart surgery and hemoglobin level before surgery.
Aims: to determine the risk factors that lead to a blood transfusion during cardiac surgery, and to find out the effect of blood transfusion on mortality in cardiac surgery patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey study that included 240 patients who underwent cardiac surgery between 2014 and 2017 in Benghazi. All the data was collected from adults (≥ 18 years). The association between blood transfusion in patients of cardiac surgery and other pre-operative variables was assessed using the Chi-square test. Descriptive statistics such as mean, mode, median and standard deviation were used.
Results: The database included 240 patients whose mean age was 57.9 ± 11.5 years and the male-to-female ratio was 2:1. 197 (82%) patients underwent a coronary artery bypass graft, 178 (74.2%) were anemic, and 74 (30.8%) patients received blood. The mortality rate was 9.2%. The outcome of surgery according to blood was statistically significant( p< 0.003).
Conclusion: The outcome of cardiac surgery is affected by blood transfusion. There is no relation between blood transfusion and other factors ( age, sex, type of surgery, hemoglobin level of patients) in cardiac surgery
PEMBUATAN VIDEO PERNYATAAN DIRI DOSEN PADA UNJUK KERJA TRIDHARMA PERGURUAN TINGGI (PDD-UKTPT) PADA SERDOS SMART!
Authors: Manu Gerlan Apriandy , Enstein Jhon , Benufinit Yonly , Fallo Diana 
Published: December 2023

Abstrak Serdos SMART merupakan bentuk inovasi layanan sertifikasi pendidik untuk dosen, yang menghadirkan pola dan mekanisme baru yang terintegrasi dengan mengedepankan aspek komitmen profesional, nilai-nilai budaya akademik, kejujuran dan integritas semua unsur yang terlibat dalam pelaksanaanya. Perubahan terhadap regulasi sertifikasi dosen ini berdampak pada kesiapan dosen dalam mengikuti peraturan baru pada Serdos SMART. Pada Serdos SMART narasi tersebut berubah menjadi bentuk Video yang kemudian disebut dengan Video PDD UKTPT (Pernyataan Diri dalam Unjuk Kerja Tridharma Perguruan Tinggi). Terdapat 4 video yang perlu disiapkan yaitu Video Penjelasan Kuliah yang diampu, Video Proses Pembelajaran, Video Pernyataan Diri tentang Topik Penelitian, Video Pernyataan Diri tentang topik PKM yang dilakukan oleh Calon DYS. Oleh karena itu maka workshop online ini dibuat untuk memberikan penjelasan tentang kesiapan membuat Video PDD UKTPT dan Proses Pembuatan Video PDD UKTPT tersebut.
Abctract Serdos SMART is an innovative form of educator certification service for lecturers, which presents new integrated patterns and mechanisms by prioritizing aspects of professional commitment, academic cultural values, honesty and integrity of all elements involved in its implementation. This change to the lecturer certification regulations has an impact on the readiness of lecturers to follow the new regulations on SMART Serdos. In SMART Serdos the narrative was turned into a Video which was later called Video PDD UKTPT (Self Statement in Performance of the Tridharma of Higher Education). There are 4 videos that need to be prepared, namely Video Explanation of Lectures being taught, Video of the Learning Process, Video of Self-Statement on Research Topics, Video of Self-Statement on the topic of PKM conducted by DYS Candidates. Therefore, this online workshop was created to provide an explanation of the readiness to make UKTPT PDD Video and the UKTPT PDD Video Making Process.
Gambaran Kualitas Hidup Penderita Rinosinusitis Kronis Berdasarkan Sino Nasal Outcome Test 22 Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Pirngadi Kota Medan
Authors: Rivaldi Anggara Pratama Dalimunthe  , Jerry Tobing  , Edwin Anto Pakpahan  
Published: December 2023

Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) merupakan peradangan yang terjadi di rongga hidung dan sinus paranasal yang berlangsung selama lebih dari 12 minggu. Rinosinusitis kronis berkaitan dengan remodeling jaringan, adanya disfungsi mekanisme dari pertahanan alami sinus, serta induksi kelompok inflamasi yang berbeda. Rinosinusitis kronis merupakan penyakit yang multifaktor dan memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap kualitas hidup serta dapat memengaruhi kondisi ekonomi. Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) merupakan alat ukur untuk menilai kualitas hidup pasien rinosinusitis kronis.
Tujuan : Mengetahui gambaran kualitas hidup penderita rinosinusitis berdasarkan SNOT-22 di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Pirngadi Kota Medan.
Metode : Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Sampel dalam penelitian sebanyak 32 pasien yang terdiagnosa rhinosinusitis kronis.
Hasil : Mayoritas pasien rhinosinusitis kronis memiliki rentang usia 26 – 65 tahun (31,3%) dan berjenis kelamin perempuan (59,1%). Distribusi 5 gejala dengan nilai tertinggi yaitu hidung tersumbat, post nasal drip, cairan hidung yang kental, hidung berair, dan nyeri/tekanan pada wajah. Gambaran kualitas hidup pasien rhinosinusitis kronis adalah penderita dengan kualitas hidup buruk sebanyak 32 orang (100%).
Kesimpulan : Gambaran kualitas hidup pasien rhinosinusitis kronis adalah penderita dengan kualitas hidup buruk sebanyak 32 orang (100%).
Hubungan Personal Hygiene dengan Kejadian Skabies di Puskesmas Medan Sunggal
Authors: Ivonne R. V. O. Situmeang  
Published: December 2023

Latar belakang: Skabies merupakan penyakit infeksi parasit pada kulit yang disebabkan oleh masuknya organisme Sarcoptes scabiei. Skabies menular melalui kontak langsung seperti berjabat tangan ataupun tidak langsung seperti mengenakan handuk bersama. Penyakit ini sering terjadi karena personal hygiene yang kurang baik pada masyarakat mengenai penyakit ini.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan personal hygiene dengan kejadian skabies di Puskesmas Medan Sunggal.
Metode: Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 42 orang.
Hasil : Distribusi frekuensi responden berdasarkan frekuensi kejadian skabies dijumpai 18 orang mengalami skabies (42,9%), sedangkan penderita yang tidak mengalami skabies berjumlah 24 orang (57,1%) berdasarkan personal hygiene paling banyak responden dengan tingkat personal hygiene baik hanya 3 orang (7,1%), cukup sebanyak 13 orang (31%) dan kurang yakni 26 orang (61,9%). Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan uji statistik Chi-square didapat hasil p = 0,040 untuk hubungan kejadian skabies dengan personal hygiene yang berarti terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kejadian skabies dengan personal hygiene.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENOLAKAN VAKSINASI COVID-19 DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TANGGETADA KECAMATAN TANGGETADA KABUPATEN KOLAKA
Authors: Afriliyana Dwi , Lestari Hariati , Dewi Sri Tungga 
Published: December 2023

Di Indonesia untuk mengurangi terjadinya angka kesakitan dan angka kematian akibat pandemi Covid-19, maka pemerintah Indonesia menjadikan pelaksanaan vaksinasi Covid-19 sebagai bagian dari strategi penanggulangan pandemi Covid-19. Akan tetapi, masih adanya sebagian masyarakat yang menolak pelaksanaan vaksinasi tersebut yang diakibatkan oleh pengaruh kurangnya pengetahuan serta kepercayaan dalam menerima vaksinasi Covid-19. Cakupan vaksinasi Covid-19 di Indonesia pada 21 April 2022 yaitu dosis ke-1 sebanyak 198.654.736 (95.39%) jiwa, dosis ke-2 sebanyak 163.427.195 (78.47%) jiwa, dan dosis ke-3 sebanyak 32.994.827 (15.84%) jiwa dari sasaran vaksinasi 208.265.720 jiwa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor–faktor penolakan vaksinasi Covid-19 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tanggetada Kecamatan Tanggetada Kabupaten Kolaka. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian analitik kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional study dan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik propotionate stratified random sampling, dan populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu masyarakat yang berada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tanggetada. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan (nilai p=0,000), peran keluarga (nilai p=0,000), dan kecemasan efek samping (nilai p=0,000) dengan penolakan vaksinasi Covid-19. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara pengetahuan, peran keluarga, dan kecemasan efek samping terhadap penolakan vaksinasi Covid-19.
FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU PENCEGAHAN COVID-19 DI WILAYAH KERJA UPTD PUSKESMAS ONE WAARA KABUPATEN BUTON TENGAH TAHUN 2022
Authors: Fitriyani Fitriyani , Yusran Sartiah , Effendy Devi Savitri 
Published: December 2023

Latar Belakang: Beberapa jenis Coronovirus diketahui menyebabkan infeksi saluran nafas pada manusia mulai dari batuk pilek hingga yang lebih serius Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) dan Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Coronavirus jenis baru yang ditemukan menyebabkan penyakit Covid-19.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan perilaku meliputi pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan pencegahan Covid-19 di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas One Waara Kabupaten Buton Tengah tahun 2022. Metode: Jenis penelitian Kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 70 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik cluster sampling. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner yang disebar secara langsung. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku pencegahan Covid-19 dengan nilai p = 0,111 (p > 0,05). Sikap menunjukkan ada hubungan antara sikap dengan perilaku pencegahan Covid-19 dengan nilai p = 0,001 (p < 0,05). Tindakan menunjukkan ada hubungan tindakan dengan perilaku pencegahan Covid-19 dengan nilai p = 0,000 (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan: Simpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku pencegahan Covid-19, akan tetapi sikap dan tindakan berhubungan dengan perilaku pencegahan Covid-19.
Peripheral neuropathy in leprosy among patients attending the Dermatology Clinic in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Sri Lanka: clinical, ultrasound measures and electrophysiological correlations
Authors: Prasangika T.G.C. , Senevirathne J.K.K. , Sirigampala C. , Fernando A. , Abeynayake S.D. , Pandigamage S. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Leprosy primarily affects the peripheral nerves and subsequently spreads to the skin and its appendages. The aim of this study was to correlate clinical patterns of nerve abnormalities of ulnar and common peroneal nerves of leprosy patients with ultrasonography (USG) and findings of nerve conduction studies (NCS).
Methods: 180 ulnar nerves (UN) and 180 common peroneal nerves (CPN) of 90 patients with leprosy were assessed clinically. Cross sectional area (CSA) of nerves was measured by ultrasonography. Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) were measured in NCS.
Results: The correlation of clinical palpation and ultrasound measures were significant; r= 0.378 (p<0.01) in UN and r= 0.158 (p<0.01) in CPN. There was a significant correlation between clinical findings and NCS; MNCV of UN r= -0.44 (p<0.01), SNCV of UN r= -0.575 (p<0.01) and MNCV of CPN r= -0.254 (p<0.01). The correlation of maximum CSA and NCS was statistically significant in UN; MNCV r= -0.276 (p<0.01) and SNCV r = -0.412 (p<0.01).
Conclusion: In leprosy patients, a significant positive correlation exists between clinical detection, ultrasound measures of nerve enlargement and slowing of MNCV and SNCV of UN and CPNs. In our study, USG was done using 4 - 11MHz linear transducer, which is available at any low resource setting. Therefore, ultrasonography without high resolution can be used to detect nerve enlargement in leprosy.
Modulating the sEH/EETs Axis Restrains Specialized Proresolving Mediator Impairment and Regulates T Cell Imbalance in Experimental Periodontitis
Authors: Abdalla Henrique B , Puhl Luciano , Rivas Carla Alvarez , Wu Yu-Chiao , Rojas Paola , Trindade-da-Silva Carlos Antonio , Hammock Bruce D , Maddipati Krishna R , Soares Mariana Q S , Clemente-Napimoga Juliana T , Kantarci Alpdogan , Napimoga Marcelo H , Van Dyke Thomas E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and other epoxy fatty acids are short-acting lipids involved in resolution of inflammation. Their short half-life, due to its metabolism by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), limits their effects. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) are endogenous regulatory lipids insufficiently synthesized in uncontrolled and chronic inflammation. Using an experimental periodontitis model, we pharmacologically inhibited sEH, examining its impact on T cell activation and systemic SPM production. In humans, we analyzed sEH in the gingival tissue of periodontitis patients. Mice were treated with sEH inhibitor (sEHi) and/or EETs before ligature placement and treated for 14 d. Bone parameters were assessed by microcomputed tomography and methylene blue staining. Blood plasma metabololipidomics were carried out to quantify SPM levels. We also determined T cell activation by reverse transcription–quantitative PCR and flow cytometry in cervical lymph nodes. Human gingival samples were collected to analyze sEH using ELISA and electrophoresis. Data reveal that pharmacological sEHi abrogated bone resorption and preserved bone architecture. Metabololipidomics revealed that sEHi enhances lipoxin A4, lipoxin B4, resolvin E2, and resolvin D6. An increased percentage of regulatory T cells over Th17 was noted in sEHi-treated mice. Lastly, inflamed human gingival tissues presented higher levels and expression of sEH than did healthy gingivae, being positively correlated with periodontitis severity. Our findings indicate that sEHi preserves bone architecture and stimulates SPM production, associated with regulatory actions on T cells favoring resolution of inflammation. Because sEH is enhanced in human gingivae from patients with periodontitis and connected with disease severity, inhibition may prove to be an attractive target for managing osteolytic inflammatory diseases.
The CATERPILLERS
Authors: Amer Amal O 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This Pillars of Immunology article is a commentary on “Cutting Edge: CATERPILLER: A large family of mammalian genes containing CARD, pyrin, nucleotide-binding, and leucine-rich repeat domains,” a pivotal article written by J. A. Harton, M. W. Linhoff, J. Zhang, and J. P.-Y. Ting,” and published in The Journal of Immunology, in 2002. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.169.8.4088.
Spiritual Fitness, Spiritual Readiness, and Depressive Symptoms in Reserve Officers’ Training Corps Cadets
Authors: Willison Megan L. , Fraley Amy L. , Oglesby Leslie W. , Wright Cynthia J. , Winkelmann Zachary K. 
Published: December 2023

Context
Over the past decade, the United States military has taken an interest in addressing soldiers’ spiritual fitness and readiness to help improve their mental health and resiliency. Similar efforts have not been applied within the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) population despite the mental health challenges these college students experience.

Objective
To examine spiritual readiness, spiritual fitness, and depressive symptoms in ROTC cadets.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Web-based survey.

Patients or Other Participants
We recruited ROTC cadets from 1 large southeastern university (n = 91 of 315, 28.9% response rate). The ROTC cadets (age = 21 ± 3 years; men = 68, 74.7%; women = 22, 24.2%; missing = 1, 1.1%) were mainly classified as juniors (n = 30, 33.0%) and in Army ROTC (ROTC branch: Army = 69, Air Force = 20, Navy = 2).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The survey contained 3 validated instruments used to assess spiritual fitness (the Spiritual Fitness Inventory [SFI]), spiritual readiness (Spiritual Wellbeing Scale [SWBS]), and mental health via depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]). Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests to compare belief in God or gods with the dependent measures. A Pearson correlation was calculated to assess the relationship between the SWBS score and PHQ-9 data.

Results
In total, 85.7% (n = 78/91) of ROTC cadets stated that they believed in God or gods. Overall, the cadets were considered to have average spiritual fitness (mean = 75.04 ± 14.89) and moderate spiritual well-being (mean = 90.46 ± 18.09). The average PHQ-9 score was 4.22 ± 5.25. Individuals who believed in God or gods had higher spiritual readiness (believer = 94.44 ± 16.10, nonbeliever = 67.00 ± 9.35; P ≤ .01). No statistically significant differences were noted for symptoms of depression (believer = 3.38 ± 4.90, nonbeliever = 6.60 ± 6.90; P = .143) or spiritual fitness (believer = 76.12 ± 14.78, nonbeliever = 64.40 ± 12.68; P = .054) in ROTC cadets based on belief status.

Conclusions
Overall, the ROTC cadets had moderate to average spiritual fitness and readiness, with typical depressive symptoms scores. Spiritual readiness was different for those who believed in God or gods, and existential well-being was significantly correlated with depressive symptoms.
The waning fortunes of traditional leadership in South Africa: From pre-colonial to apartheid periods
Authors: Mvenene Jongikhaya 
Published: December 2023

There is a disturbing trend in the public arena by traditional leaders and their communities that their role and power in the development of their communities have been downplayed by the colonial, apartheid and democratic governments. This article examines a history of traditional leadership and African communities from pre-colonial times to the apartheid period. The traditional leaders’ status, place and role in the development of the communities are examined. It is argued that traditional leadership as a heritage was jealously guarded, strengthened and maintained by traditional leaders and rural communities in spite of successive governments’ assault on chiefs (iiNkosi) and kings (iiKumkani). In the past, traditional leaders worked collaboratively with their communities in exerting pressure on the previous governments to recognise traditional leadership as an institution worth maintaining and treasuring. They were the law-makers. Succession was a criterion for access to positions of power and had the power and the final say in matters of national importance.Contribution: The purpose of this article is to bring to the surface the fact that traditional leaders collaborated with colonial governing authorities and apartheid government not so much to serve as stooges but for personal interest. Hence, oral sources are also used to delve deep into the dynamics of traditional leadership.
Mass Relapse Prevention to Reduce Transmission of Plasmodium vivax— A Systematic Review
Authors: Shah Monica P. , Westercamp Nelli , Lindblade Kim A. , Hwang Jimee 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT.
Several temperate countries have used mass chemoprevention interventions with medicines of the 8-aminoquinoline class that prevent relapses from Plasmodium vivax before peak transmission to reduce transmission of malaria. The WHO commissioned a systematic review of the literature and evidence synthesis to inform development of recommendations regarding this intervention referred to as “mass relapse prevention” (MRP). Electronic databases were searched, 866 articles screened, and 25 assessed for eligibility after a full-text review. Two nonrandomized studies were included, one from the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (391,357 participants) and the second from the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (∼30,000 participants). The two studies administered a single round of primaquine over 14 days (0.25 mg/kg per day). From 1 to 3 months after the treatment round, the incidence of P. vivax infections was significantly lower in areas that received MRP than those that did not (pooled rate ratio [RR] 0.08, 95% CI 0.07–0.08). At 4 to 12 months after the treatment round, the prevalence of P. vivax infection was significantly lower in MRP villages than non-MRP villages (odds ratio 0.12, 95% CI 0.03–0.52). No severe adverse events were found. The certainty of evidence for all outcomes was very low and no conclusions as to the effectiveness or safety of MRP could be drawn. However, it is not likely that this intervention will be needed in the future as most temperate countries where P. vivax is transmitted are nearing or have already eliminated malaria.