bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucose Intolerance and Resistin Expression in Rat Offspring Exposed to Ethanol in Utero: Modulation by Postnatal High-Fat Diet
Authors: Chen Li , Nyomba B. L. G. 
Published: January 2003

High-fat diet and intrauterine growth retardation may predispose to obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Because prenatal ethanol (ETOH) exposure causes intrauterine growth retardation, we investigated its interactions with postnatal high-fat diet on glucose tolerance and adipocyte-derived hormones in the rat offspring.
High-fat-fed offspring had increased adiposity, serum leptin, and muscle uncoupling protein-3, but decreased adiponectin mRNA, compared with corresponding chow-fed groups. ETOH-exposed offspring had normal adiponectin, but increased resistin mRNA and protein, compared with controls, regardless of postnatal diet. Skeletal muscle glucose transporter-4 content was decreased after both ETOH exposure and high-fat feeding. Glycemic and insulin responses to an ip glucose challenge were equally increased in non-ETOH-exposed high-fat-fed offspring and in ETOH-exposed chow-fed offspring, with additive effects of ETOH and high-fat diet. Pancreatic insulin content was elevated only in non-ETOH-exposed high-fat-fed offspring.
The data suggest that high-fat diet worsens glucose intolerance in offspring of rats exposed to ETOH. Prenatal ETOH exposure and postnatal high-fat diet might cause insulin resistance through separate mechanisms, involving resistin and adiponectin, respectively.
Hedgehog signalling maintains the optic stalk-retinal interface through the regulation of Vax gene activity
Authors: Take-uchi Masaya , Clarke Jonathan D. W. , Wilson Stephen W. 
Published: January 2003

During early formation of the eye, the optic vesicle becomes partitioned into a proximal domain that forms the optic nerve and a distal domain that forms the retina. In this study, we investigate the activity of Nodal,Hedgehog (Hh) and Fgf signals and Vax family homeodomain proteins in this patterning event. We show that zebrafish vax1 and vax2 are expressed in overlapping domains encompassing the ventral retina, optic stalks and preoptic area. Abrogation of Vax1 and Vax2 activity leads to a failure to close the choroid fissure and progressive expansion of retinal tissue into the optic nerve, finally resulting in a fusion of retinal neurons and pigment epithelium with forebrain tissue.We show that Hh signals acting through Smoothened act downstream of the Nodal pathway to promote Vax gene expression. However, in the absence of both Nodal and Hh signals, Vax genes are expressed revealing that other signals,which we show include Fgfs, contribute to Vax gene regulation. Finally, we show that Pax2.1 and Vax1/Vax2 are likely to act in parallel downstream of Hh activity and that the bel locus (yet to be cloned) mediates the ability of Hh-, and perhaps Fgf-, signals to induce Vax expression in the preoptic area. Taking all these results together, we present a model of the partitioning of the optic vesicle along its proximo-distal axis.
A role for glycogen synthase kinase-3 in mitotic spindle dynamics and chromosome alignment
Authors: Wakefield James G. , Stephens David J. , Tavaré Jeremy M. 
Published: January 2003

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a conserved, multifunctional kinase that is constitutively active in resting cells, and inactivated through phosphorylation by protein kinase B (PKB). We have investigated the temporal and spatial control of GSK-3 phosphorylation during the cell cycle in mammalian cells. We show that GSK-3 is present along the length of spindle microtubules and that a fraction of GSK-3 is phosphorylated during mitosis. Phospho-GSK-3 is abundant at the centrosomes and spindle poles but absent from other areas of the spindle. GSK-3 phosphorylation occurs concomitantly with the appearance of phosphorylated and active PKB at the centrosome, which suggests that PKB is the kinase responsible for phosphorylating and inactivating GSK-3 at the centrosome during mitosis.We demonstrate that lithium and two structurally distinct inhibitors of GSK-3 promote defects in microtubule length and chromosomal alignment during prometaphase. Treated cells contain mono-oriented chromosomes concentrated at the plus ends of astral microtubules, which are longer than in untreated cells. Live microscopy of cells expressing Histone-2B-GFP confirms that the inhibition of GSK-3 suppresses mitotic chromosome movement and leads to a prometaphase-like arrest. We propose that GSK-3 is regulated in a temporal and spatial manner during mitosis and, through controlling microtubule dynamics,plays an important role in chromosomal alignment on the metaphase plate.
Microtubule involvement in NIH 3T3 Golgi and MTOC polarity establishment
Authors: Magdalena Juana , Millard Thomas H. , Machesky Laura M. 
Published: January 2003

Scratch-wound assays are commonly used to study the ability of cells to polarize and migrate. In a previous study we showed that Golgi reorientation in response to a scratch wound is actin-dependent in NIH 3T3 cells but not in astrocytes.In this investigation, to study cell polarity and motility further, we used the polarization of the Golgi and microtubule organizing center (MTOC), as well as the ability of NIH 3T3 cells to migrate, in a scratch-wound assay. Unlike Golgi polarization, MTOC polarization was not dependent on actin, the Arp2/3 complex or Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)-family proteins. By contrast, disruption of microtubules inhibited MTOC polarity, but not Golgi polarity. Migration was found to be dependent both on actin and microtubules. Expression of the formin-homology 2 (FH2) region of mDia1 inhibited Golgi polarization and migration but not MTOC polarization. Similarly, ST638, a Src inhibitor, inhibited Golgi polarization and migration but not MTOC polarization, whereas expression of the actin regulator IRSp53 only inhibited cell migration. Interestingly, the inhibition of cell migration by the mDia1 FH2 domain could be overcome by addition of Y27632, an inhibitor of ROCK(Rho-associated kinase). In fact, in the presence of ROCK inhibitor, cell migration was accelerated but polarization of both the Golgi and MTOC were inhibited. These data show that, in NIH 3T3 cells, different aspects of cell polarization and migration occur by different mechanisms, and both actin and microtubule networks are required. In addition, this study indicates that MTOC and Golgi polarization events are separately controlled.
Homogeneous charge compression ignition engine-out emission-does flame propagation occur in homogeneous charge compression ignition?
Authors: Kaiser E. W. , Yang J , Culp T , Xu N , Maricq M. M. 
Published: January 2003

Engine-out emissions data [CO, CO2, speciated hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate matter (size and number density)] were obtained from a single-cylinder, 660 cm3, homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine operated on gasoline fuel using direct in-cylinder injection. Data were taken as functions of the air-fuel ratio (A/F) (30–270), r/min, inlet air temperature and fuel injection timing. Three important observations were made A sharp break occurs in the CO and CO2 emissions indices beginning near A/F = 75. Above A/F ∼ 100, CO is the primary carbon oxide while for A/F < 70, CO2 is the major carbon oxide. The HC emissions index increases linearly, beginning near A/F ∼ 30:1. Below this A/F, the HC index is characteristic of crevice emissions (∼ 3.5 per cent). These results do not prove this unequivocally, but can be explained by a mechanism in which, for A/F < 75, flame propagation occurs over relatively short distances between the multiple autoignition sites within the combustion chamber. Adiabatic compression calculations indicate that for A/F < 75, the compression temperature (∼ 1150 K) is sufficiently high to support flame propagation. The linear increase in HC emissions above that expected from crevice storage can be explained by noting that autoignition becomes more difficult as the A/F becomes leaner and fewer ignition sites are likely to exist within the combustion chamber, reducing the amount of fuel combusted. Conventional models of HCCI combustion involving multi-zone autoignition may also explain the data, but the above concept is an alternative combustion mechanism for HCCI, which should be considered. Particulate emissions at moderate load from this HCCI engine, while much lower than from a diesel, are similar to those from early-injection DISI (direct injection spark ignition) engines and should not be assumed to be negligible.
Highly α-Stereoselective One-pot Sequential Glycosylation Using Glucosyl Thioformimidate Derivatives
Authors: Chiba Hiroyuki , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Several trisaccharides were prepared by efficient highly α-stereoselective one-pot sequential glycosylation using glucosyl p-trifluoromethylbenzylthio-p-trifluoromethylphenyl formimidates (abbreviated to: glucosyl thioformimidates) in the presence of a catalytic amount of TfOH. Factors that controlled the high α-stereoselectivity were determined by characteristic properties of thioformimidate groups contained both in glucosyl donor and acceptor.
Layer-by-Layer Assembly on Hydrogel Surfaces and Control of Human Whole Blood Coagulation
Authors: Sakaguchi Hirokazu , Serizawa Takeshi , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels were coated with thin polymer films based on layer-by-layer assembly of dextran sulfate and chitosan. Fabrication of thin multilayer films on the hydrogels was verified in several methods. Anti- versus pro-coagulation of human whole blood was observed on the hydrogels with the outermost surfaces of dextran sulfate and chitosan, respectively.
Determination of Enzyme Immobilized into Electropolymerized Polymer Films
Authors: Thanachasai Saipin , Furukawa Hiroyasu , Yoshida Shoichiro , Watanabe Tadashi 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
A simple, rapid and effective way was devised to determine an enzyme incorporated into electropolymerized conductive polymer films, by combining a thin-layer electropolymerization cell and the Bradford Coomassie colorimetric protein assay. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) entrapped into pyrrole and 3-alkylsulfonate pyrrole copolymer films.
Photocleavage Processes in an Iminosulfonate Derivative Usable as Photoacid in Resist Technology
Authors: Lalevée Jacques , Allonas Xavier , Fouassier Jean-Pierre , Shirai Masamitsu , Tsunooka Masahiro 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
The cleavage process of an iminosulfonate was studied through time resolved laser spectroscopy. The S0-S1 and S0-T1 transitions were located on the oxime moiety. Under excitation, the cleavage process occured through a singlet mechanism. Under sensitized excitation, an efficient cleavage of the N–O bond occured in the triplet state of the iminosulfonate. The photoreactivity of this compound was compared to that of parent photobase generators (the O-acyloximes) based on the same oxime chromophore.
Rapid determination of rice seed vigour by spontaneous chemiluminescence and singlet oxygen generation during early imbibition
Authors: Chen Wenli , Xing Da , Wang Juan , He Yonghong 
Published: January 2003

AbstractUsing a highly sensitive single photon counter, a spontaneous chemiluminescence (CL) study on rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds stored in different years was carried out. We first observed that the degree of ageing in rice seeds was related to the intensity of spontaneous CL during early imbibition (0–30 min). Rice seeds stored for a shorter time had a stronger intensity of CL in early imbibition. The germination rate of rice seeds showed an obvious positive correlation with the intensity of spontaneous CL. Singlet oxygen (1O2) in rice seeds during early imbibition was investigated by a CL method using a cypridina luciferin analogue, 2‐methyl‐6‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)‐3,7‐dihydroimidazo [1,2α] pyrazin‐3‐one (MCLA), as a selective CL probe. Additional experimental evidence for the formation of 1O2 came from the quenching effect of sodium azide (NaN3) on MCLA‐mediated rice seeds' CL. Analysis based on the experimental results demonstrated that spontaneous CL in rice seeds during early imbibition was mainly contributed by singlet oxygen (1O2). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of several fluorescent detector molecules for protein microarray use
Authors: Wiese Rick 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe utility of several streptavidin‐linked fluorescent detector molecules was evaluated on two protein microarray platforms. Tested detector molecules included: Alexa Fluor 546; R‐phycoerythrin (RPE), orange fluospheres; Cy3‐containing liposomes (Large Unilamellar Vesicles, LUV) labelled with Cy3; and an RPE–antibody complex. The two array architectures tested consisted of an array of murine Fc–biotin and an array of murine IgG (the murine IgG array was probed with a biotinylated rabbit anti‐murine IgG). These platforms allowed for the direct comparison of detector utility by detector recognition of array‐bound biotin. All of the fluorescent detectors examined demonstrated utility on each of the array platforms. For the Fc–biotin array, detector signal intensity (background adjusted) was as follows: RPE–antibody complex > fluospheres > RPE > liposomes > Alexa 546: for the IgG array: RPE/antibody complex > RPE > fluospheres > Alexa546 > liposomes. The RPE–antibody complex fluoresced 67% and 150% more intensely than the next closest detector molecule for the Fc–biotin and the murine IgG arrays, respectively. A marked increase in background fluorescence (as compared to RPE alone) did not accompany the increase in signal intensity gained through RPE–antibody complex use (a true increase in signal:noise ratio). These results suggest that the RPE–antibody complex is superior to other molecules for fluorescent detection of analytes on protein microarrays. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of phenol using an enhanced chemiluminescent assay
Authors: Ilyina A. D. , Martínez Hernández J. L. , Mauricio Benavides J. E. , López Luján B. H. , Bogatcheva E. S. , Romero García J. , Rodríguez Martínez J. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractEnhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) describes the phenomenon of increased light output in the luminol oxidation reaction catalysed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the presence of certain compounds, such as para‐iodophenol. In this work, the effects of phenol on the para‐iodophenol‐enhanced HRP‐catalysed chemiluninescent reaction intensity in an aqueous buffer (Tris–HCl buffer, pH 8.5) and in a surfactant–water–octane mixture were compared. Preincubation of HRP at low phenol concentrations stimulated the chemiluminescent intensity in the assay performed in an aqueous buffer, but did not have significant effect in the sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl)sulphosuccinate) (Aerosol OT, AOT) applied system. It was also observed that HRP preincubation with phenol concentration higher than 0.003 mg/mL produced an inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity for both assay systems. Only an inhibitory effect of phenol on the chemiluminescent intensity in the surfactant system in octane (as organic solvent) was observed. Three assays were developed to determine phenol concentration in water and in an organic solvent mixture. The detection limits were 0.006, 0.003 and 0.0005 mg/mL, respectively, for the buffer‐containing system, the AOT‐applied system with phenol standard solutions in water and for the AOT‐applied system with phenol standard solutions in octane. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies of visible oscillating chemiluminescence with a luminol–H2O2–KSCN–CuSO4–NaOH system in batch reactor
Authors: Samadi‐Maybodi Abdolraouf , Ourad S. M. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractOscillating chemical reactions are complex systems involving a large number of chemical species. In oscillating chemical reactions some species, usually reaction intermediates, exhibit fluctuation in concentration. Visible oscillating chemiluminescence, produced by the addition of luminol (3‐aminophthalhydrazide) to the oscillating system H2O2–KSCN–CuSO4–NaOH, was investigated. In this study the effect of varying the concentration of H2O2, KSCN, CuSO4, NaOH and luminol was investigated in a batch reactor. We showed that the concentration of all components involved in the oscillating chemilumenscent reaction influenced the light intensity and the oscillation period. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemiluminescence of lucigenin by electrogenerated superoxide ions in aqueous solutions
Authors: Okajima Takeyoshi , Ohsaka Takeo 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe chemiluminescence reaction of lucigenin (Luc2+ċ2NO3−, N,N′‐dimethyl‐9,9′‐biacridinium dinitrate) at gold electrodes in dioxygen‐saturated alkaline aqueous solutions (pH 10) was investigated in detail by the use of electrochemical emission spectroscopy. We noted that both O2 and Luc2+ are reduced on a gold electrode in aqueous solution of pH 10 in almost the same potential region. From this fact, we expected chemiluminescence based on a radical–radical coupling reaction of superoxide ion (O2·−) and one‐electron reduced form of Luc2+ (Luc·+, a radical cation). Chemiluminescence was actually observed in the potential range where O2 and Luc2+ were simultaneously reduced at the electrodes. The effects were examined upon addition of enzymes, i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, into the solution and the substitution of heavy water (D2O) for light water (H2O) as a solvent on the chemiluminescence. In the presence of native and active SOD, chemiluminescence was completely absent. On the other hand, chemiluminescence was observed, unchanged in the presence of either denatured and inert SOD or catalase. In addition, the amount of chemiluminescence in D2O solution was about three times greater than that in H2O solution. These results, together with cyclic voltammetric results, suggest that O2·− participates directly in the chemiluminescence but H2O2 does not, and the chemiluminescence results from the coupling reaction between O2·− and Luc·+ under the present experimental conditions. These chemically unstable species, O2·− and Luc·+, are produced during the simultaneous electroreduction of O2 and Luc2+. The coupling reaction between those radical species would lead to the formation of a dioxetane‐type intermediate and, finally, to chemiluminescence. The chemiluminescence reaction mechanism is discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear polarized near‐infrared irradiation stimulates mechanical expansion of the rat sagittal suture
Authors: Sasaki Akiko , Touma Yuiko , Ishino Yoshihiro , Tanaka Eiji , Aoyama Junko , Hanaoka Kohichi , Watanabe Mineo , Tanne Kazuo 
Published: January 2003

AbstractMechanical sutural separation has been carried out in clinical orthodontics for controlling the growth of the craniofacial skeleton. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of linear polarized near‐infrared ray irradiation on the sutural expansion of rat sagittal suture. Twenty 8‐week‐old Wistar strain male rats were equally divided into experimental and control groups. Suture expansion was carried out for 5 days for all animals using an expansion appliance. The experimental animals were subjected to linear polarized near‐infrared irradiation. This study has demonstrated that linear polarized near‐infrared irradiation stimulates sutural expansion without any pathological changes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the optimal mix of corporate hedging instruments: Linear versus nonlinear derivatives
Authors: Gay Gerald D. , Nam Jouahn , Turac Marian 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWe examine how corporations should choose their optimal mix of linear and nonlinear derivatives. We present a
model in which a firm facing both quantity (output) and price (market) risk maximizes its
expected profits when subjected to financial distress costs. The optimal hedging position generally is comprised
of linear contracts, but as the levels of quantity and price‐risk increase, the use of linear contracts
will decline due to the risks associated with overhedging. At the same time, a substitution effect occurs toward
the use of nonlinear contracts. The degree of substitution will depend on the correlation between output levels
and prices. Our model also allows us to provide insight into the relation between a firm's derivatives
usage and its transaction‐cost structure. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
23:217–239, 2003
Futures hedging using dynamic models of the variance/covariance structure
Authors: Poomimars Ponladesh , Cadle John , Theobald Michael 
Published: January 2003

AbstractDynamic futures‐hedging ratios are estimated across seven markets using generalized models of the
variance/covariance structure. The hedging performances of the resultant dynamic strategies are then compared
with static and naïve strategies, both in‐ and out‐of‐sample. Bayesian‐adjusted
hedge ratios also are employed as error purgers. The empirical results indicate that the
generalized dynamic models are well specified and that their use in determining optimal hedge ratios can lead to
improvements in hedging performance as measured by the volatilities of the returns on the optimally hedged
position. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:241–260, 2003
Geoarchaeology and geochronology of pluvial Lake Chapala, Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Davis Loren G. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractStratigraphic exposures in natural profiles, archaeological excavation units, backhoe trenches, and an uncased water well from the Laguna Seca Chapala basin in the Central Desert of Baja California (29°N, 115°W) record lake level and climate changes and provide a context for prehistoric occupation predating 9070 yr B.P. and extending through the Holocene. Lithofacies analysis points to the presence of a large (ca. 66 km2) lake prior to 9070 yr B.P., which desiccated by 7.45 ka yr B.P., promoting rapid dune growth. New dating and redefinition of stratigraphic units in the basin refutes earlier models of lacustrine history and prehistoric occupation including a proposed series of Pleistocene lake levels with associated cultural occupations. The geologic record from the Laguna Seca Chapala basin compares well with other paleoenvironmental records in southwestern North America, supporting interpretations of wet and cool conditions in Baja California during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Archaeomagnetic investigation of two mediaeval brick constructions in north Belgium and the magnetic anisotropy of bricks
Authors: Hus Jozef , Ech‐Chakrouni Souad , Jordanova Diana , Geeraerts Raoul 
Published: January 2003

AbstractArchaeomagnetic dates derived from geomagnetic field direction records in baked materials are proposed for a mediaeval brick kiln (from inclination I and declination D) and for bricks from a brick wall (from I only) in northern Belgium. They are used to verify whether a brick chronology based on the format of bricks is feasible in Flanders. The brick kiln yielded a highly reliable average magnetization direction corresponding to an archaeomagnetic date around A.D. 1650, using the British and French geomagnetic field secular variation curves as a reference, at least half a century younger than expected from historical data. The fidelity of the geomagnetic records was controlled by measuring the magnetic anisotropy of the bricks. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) measurements demonstrate that the bricks have a shape related magnetic fabric, which is induced during the molding process. A test to control whether AMS can substitute for the anisotropy of thermo‐remanent magnetization (ATRM) failed because of induced changes during laboratory heating. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.