bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies of the biogenic amine transporters. VIII: Identification of a novel partial inhibitor of dopamine uptake and dopamine transporter binding
Authors: Rothman Richard B. , Dersch Christina M. , Carroll F. Ivy , Ananthan Subramaniam 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing [125I]RTI‐55 to label the dopamine transporter (DAT), our laboratory has consistently detected one binding site as well as one component of [3H]DA uptake. We report here the identification of a novel partial inhibitor of [3H]DA uptake and DAT binding (SoRI‐9804). [125I]RTI‐55 binding to the DAT (mouse caudate, rat caudate, HEK cells expressing the cloned DAT), the 5‐HT transporter (rat brain), and [3H]DA uptake (rat caudate synaptosomes) were conducted using published procedures. 4‐[(Diphenylmethyl)amino]‐2‐phenylquinazoline (SoRI‐9804) was essentially inactive at SERT binding and resolved two DAT binding components in all three tissues, having high affinity (mean Ki of 465 nM) for about 40% of the binding sites and an essentially immeasurable Ki (> 100 μM) for the remaining 60% of the binding sites. The [3H]DA uptake experiments indicated that about 50% of uptake was SoRI‐9804‐sensitive. Saturation binding experiments showed that SoRI‐9804 competitively inhibited [125I]RTI‐55 binding to the SoRI‐9804‐sensitive binding component. To determine if the two binding sites discriminated by SoRI‐9804 were regulated by the MAP kinase pathway, rat caudate synaptosomes were incubated in the absence or presence of 10 μM of PD98059, which inhibits activation of the MAP kinase pathway. The results indicated that inhibition of MAPK/ERK kinase decreased the total Bmax of the DAT by 90%. Treatment with PD98059 increased the proportion of the SoRI‐9804‐sensitive binding component from 68–80% of the total Bmax. The PD98059 experiments suggest that inhibition of MAP kinase cannot explain the differential interaction of SoRI‐9804 with the DAT. Viewed collectively, the present results indicate that SoRI‐9804 discriminates two components of the DA transporter. Further studies will be needed to determine the underlying mechanism of this effect and if partial inhibition of DA uptake results in any unique behavioral effects. Synapse 43:268–274, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of aging on serotonin transporter availability and its response to fluvoxamine in the living brain: PET study with [11C](+)McN5652 and [11C] (‐)McN5652 in conscious monkeys
Authors: Kakiuchi Takeharu , Tsukada Hideo , Fukumoto Dai , Nishiyama Shingo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAge‐related changes in the serotonin transporter (SERT) in the living brains of conscious young (5.9 ± 1.8 years old) and aged (19.0 ± 3.3 years old) monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were evaluated in combination with [11C](+)McN5652 and its inactive enantiomer [11C](‐)McN5652 by high‐resolution positron emission tomography (PET). For the quantitative analysis of SERT binding in vivo, two serial PET scans with [11C](+)McN5652 and [11C](‐)McN5652 were performed in the same animals in a day and the differences in radioactivities of [11C](+)McN5652 vs. [11C](‐)McN5652 measured from 41–91 min postinjection were calculated as an estimate of specific ligand binding. Higher specific binding of SERT was observed in the thalamus and striatum, regions known to contain high densities of SERT by in vitro assay, with intermediate levels in the pons, hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, and cortical regions and lower levels in the cerebellum in both young and aged monkeys. Almost all regions assayed except the cerebellum showed significant age‐related decreases in the specific binding of SERT, which showed reverse correlation with cortisol level in plasma. When the SERT blocker fluvoxamine (1 mg/kg) was administered intravenously 30 min after tracer injection, specific binding of SERT was displaced in both age groups. However, the degree of displacement was more marked in young than in aged monkeys. Cortisol level in plasma was significantly higher in aged than in young animals. These observations demonstrate the usefulness of the combined use of [11C](+)McN5652 and [11C](‐)McN5652 as an indicator for the age‐related changes in cortical SERT measured noninvasively by PET. In addition, these observations suggest that the age‐related impairment of SERT sensitivity for fluvoxamine might be related to the reduced efficacy of antidepressant therapy in elderly patients with depression. Synapse 40:170–179, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
[18F]FDOPA and [18F]CFT are both sensitive PET markers to detect presynaptic dopaminergic hypofunction in early Parkinson's disease
Authors: O. Rinne Juha , Nurmi Elina , Ruottinen Hanna M. , Bergman Jörgen , Eskola Olli , Solin Olof 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare two PET ligands, 6‐[18F]fluoro‐L‐dopa ([18F]FDOPA) and 18F‐labeled CFT, 2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐[18F]‐fluorophenyl)tropane ([18F]CFT), in detecting presynaptic dopaminergic hypofunction in early Parkinson's disease (PD). These ligands reflect different aspects of presynaptic dopaminergic function, since [18F]FDOPA mainly reflects 6‐[18F]fluorodopamine (fluorodopamine) synthesis and storage whereas [18F]CFT uptake is related to dopamine transporter function. Eight de novo patients with PD who had never been on antiparkinsonian medication were investigated with [18F]FDOPA and [18F]CFT PET. Five healthy volunteers were studied as controls. In PD patients, both [18F]FDOPA and [18F]CFT uptakes were significantly reduced both in the contralateral and ipsilateral anterior and posterior putamen. The reduction was greatest in the contralateral posterior putamen (to 28% of control mean for [18F]FDOPA, P < 0.0001 and to 16% for [18F]CFT, P < 0.0001). Individually, all patients' [18F]FDOPA and [18F]CFT uptake values in the contralateral anterior and posterior putamen were below 3 SD of the control mean. In the caudate nucleus, the mean uptake of both tracers was significantly reduced both ipsilaterally and contralaterally, but less severely than in the putamen (to 69% of the control mean for [18F]FDOPA, P = 0.003 and to 60% for [18F]CFT, P = 0.001 contralaterally). Our results show that both [18F]FDOPA as well as [18F]CFT sensitively detect presynaptic dopaminergic hypofunction in early PD. They demonstrate a considerable reduction of tracer uptake that is greatest in the posterior putamen, followed by the anterior putamen and the caudate nucleus. Synapse 40:193–200, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of MPTP‐induced denervation on basal ganglia GABAB receptors: Correlation with dopamine concentrations and dopamine transporter
Authors: Calon Frédéric , Lavertu Nadia , Lemieux Anne‐Marie , Morissette Marc , Goulet Martin , Grondin Richard , Blanchet Pierre J. , Bédard Paul J. , Di Paolo Thérèse 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe investigated the effect of MPTP‐induced lesion of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) dopaminergic neurons on GABAB receptors in the basal ganglia of mice and monkeys using receptor autoradiography and in situ hybridization. The extent of the lesion was measured with striatal catecholamine content, striatal binding of 125I‐RTI‐121 to dopamine transporter (DAT), and DAT expression in the SNpc. GABAB receptors in mice brain were evaluated using 3H‐CGP54626 and its expression was measured with oligonucleotides probes targeting the mRNAs of GABAB(1a+b), GABAB(1a), GABAB(1b), GABAB(2) subunits. In monkeys, 125I‐CGP64213 and selective probes for GABAB(1a+b) and GABAB(2) mRNAs were used. In mice, dopamine content, 125I‐RTI‐121 binding, and DAT expression were reduced by 44%, 40%, and 39% after a dose of 40 mg/kg of MPTP and 74%, 70%, and 34% after 120 mg/kg of MPTP, respectively. In monkeys, dopamine content and DAT expression were decreased by more than 90% and 80%, respectively. In the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus, GABAB receptors were unchanged following MPTP in both species. In the SNpc of mice, MPTP (120 mg/kg) induced a significant decrease of 3H‐CGP54626 binding (−10%) and of the expression of GABAB(1a+b) mRNA (−13%). The decrease of the expression of GABAB(1a+b) mRNA was correlated with dopamine content, 125I‐RTI‐121 binding and DAT expression. In MPTP‐treated monkeys, 125I‐CGP64213 binding (−40%), GABAB(1a+b) mRNA (−69%) and GABAB(2) mRNA (−66%) were also significantly decreased in the SNpc. Our results suggest that MPTP‐induced denervation is associated with a decrease of GABAB receptors restricted to the SNpc. These observations may be relevant to the pathophysiology of motor disorders involving dysfunction of the basal ganglia such as Parkinson disease. Synapse 40:225–234, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Standard CMMISM appraisal method for process improvement (SCAMPISM): Improvements and integration
Authors: Armstrong James , Barbour Richard , Hefner Richard , Kitson David H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the major changes to the appraisal‐related products of the CMMISM Product Suite—the Appraisal Requirements for CMMISM (ARC) and the Standard CMMISM Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPISM) Method Definition Document. The article also provides a brief development history of the appraisal products, a discussion of the key features of SCAMPISM, and a summary of how the version 1.1 products were created. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 5: 19–26, 2002; DOI 10.1002/sys.10015
Preorganization and protein dynamics in enzyme catalysis
Authors: Rajagopalan P. T. Ravi , Benkovic Stephen J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecently, an alternative has been offered to the concept of transition state (TS) stabilization as an explanation for rate enhancements in enzyme‐catalyzed reactions. Instead, most of the rate increase has been ascribed to preorganization of the enzyme active site to bind substrates in a geometry close to that of the TS, which then transit the activation barrier impelled by motions along the reaction coordinate. The question as to how an enzyme achieves such preorganization and concomitant TS stabilization as well as potential coupled motions along the reaction coordinate leads directly to the role of protein dynamic motion. Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a paradigm in which the role of dynamics in catalysis continues to be unraveled by a wealth of kinetic, structural, and computational studies. DHFR has flexible loop regions adjacent to the active site whose motions modulate passage through the kinetically preferred pathway. The participation of residues distant from the DHFR active site in enhancing the rate of hydride transfer, however, is unanticipated and may signify the importance of long range protein motions. The general significance of protein dynamics in understanding other biological processes is briefly discussed. © 2002 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and John Wiley & Sons, Inc." Chem Rec 2: 24–36, 2002
Performance of students in project‐based science classrooms on a national measure of science achievement
Authors: Schneider Rebecca M. , Krajcik Joseph , Marx Ronald W. , Soloway Elliot 
Published: August 2002

AbstractReform efforts in science education emphasize the importance of supporting students' construction of knowledge through inquiry. Project‐based science (PBS) is an ambitious approach to science instruction that addresses concerns of reformers. A sample of 142 10th‐ and 11th‐grade students enrolled in a PBS program completed the 12th‐grade 1996 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) science test. Compared with subgroups identified by NAEP that most closely matched our student sample, White and middle class, PBS students outscored the national sample on 44% of NAEP test items. This study shows that students participating in a PBS curriculum were prepared for this type of testing. Educators should be encouraged to use inquiry‐based approaches such as PBS to implement reform in their schools. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 39: 410–422, 2002
The role of personal practice theories in the professional development of a beginning high school chemistry teacher
Authors: Sweeney Aldrin E. , Bula Oleh A. , Cornett Jeffrey W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe notion of deliberated teacher reflection as a means of improving professional teaching practice has become one of the most pervasive concepts to influence science teacher education during the past decade. In this case study, we use the notion of teacher reflection and Lytle and Cochran‐Smith's (1990) typology of teacher research to examine the relationships between a beginning high school chemistry teacher's articulated personal practice theories and his actions as demonstrated by his curricular decisions and instructional practices. In so doing, we describe the ways in which the formal articulations of this teacher's personal practice theories lent themselves to his development as a teacher/researcher and propose this development as a useful model of science teacher practitioner professionalism. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 408–441, 2001
Notes from California: an anthropological approach to urban science education for language minority families
Authors: Hammond Lorie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article describes a unique and ongoing collaboration involving a team of bilingual/multicultural teacher‐educators, preservice teachers, teachers, students, and community members in an urban California elementary school. According to the model this team employed, children, teachers, and student teachers gather community “funds of knowledge” about the science to be studied in a classroom, then incorporate this knowledge by using parents as experts and by creating community books. In this model community‐generated materials parallel and complement standards‐based curricula, although science topics that have natural significance in particular communities are used as a starting point. Using critical ethnography as a framework, the article focuses on a particular experience—the building of a Mien–American garden house—to show how, by drawing on participants' funds of knowledge, a new kind of multiscience can emerge, one accessible to all collaborating members and responsive to school standards. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 983–999, 2001
Pregnancy outcome after gestational exposure to metronidazole: A prospective controlled cohort study
Authors: Diav‐Citrin Orna , Shechtman Svetlana , Gotteiner Talma , Arnon Judy , Ornoy Asher 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundMetronidazole is an important antibacterial agent commonly used in women of reproductive age. Its use in pregnancy is a reason for concern for women and their health care providers. The objective was to examine the fetal safety of metronidazole.MethodsThe Israeli Teratogen Information Service prospectively collected and followed up 228 women exposed to metronidazole in pregnancy, 86.2% of whom with first‐trimester exposure. Pregnancy outcome was compared with that of a control group, who were counseled during the same period for nonteratogenic exposure.ResultsThere was no difference in the rate of major malformations between the groups (3/190; 1.6% [metronidazole] vs. 8/575; 1.4% [control], P = 0.739). The rate of major malformations did not differ between the groups even after including elective terminations of pregnancy due to prenatally diagnosed malformations (5/192; 2.6% [metronidazole] vs. 12/579; 2.1% [control], P = 0.777). A reduced neonatal birth weight was found in the metronidazole group compared with controls without significant differences in the rate of prematurity or in gestational age at delivery. The mean birth weight was lower in the metronidazole group when comparing the subgroup of term infants.ConclusionsThis study confirms that metronidazole does not represent a major teratogenic risk in humans when used in the recommended doses. Teratology 63:186–192, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of embryonic dysmorphogenesis by high glucose concentration, disturbed inositol metabolism, and inhibited protein kinase C activity
Authors: Wentzel Parri , Wentzel Christian R. , Gäreskog Mattias B. , Eriksson Ulf J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundExposure to a diabetic environment causes excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration, and increased embryonic maldevelopment. The aim of the present work was to study whether embryonic dysmorphogenesis is also dependent on alterations of inositol and associated intracellular metabolites.MethodsDay 9 rat embryos were cultured for 24 or 48 hr and evaluated for gene expression. Day 10 and day 11 embryos from normal and diabetic rats were also examined. RT‐PCR was used to study embryonic gene expression of protein kinase C (PKC) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2).ResultsEmbryos exposed to 30 mmol/L glucose (30G), 500 or 750 μmol/L of scyllo‐inositol (500SI or 750SI) had higher malformation score than control embryos cultured in 10 mmol/L glucose (10G). Adding 1.6 mmol/L inositol to the 30G or 750SI culture medium partly corrected these embryos, and completely normalized 500SI embryonic development. Adding 0.5 mmol/L N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) or 280 nmol/L PGE2 protected, and failed to protect, the SI‐exposed embryos, respectively. 10G embryos exposed to the PKC inhibitor GF‐109203X displayed dose‐dependent dysmorphogenesis. Addition of 1.6 mmol/L inositol or 0.5 mmol/L NAC to the PKC‐inhibitor‐exposed 10G embryos largely normalized the outcome, whereas PGE2 again failed to protect embryonic development. 30G culture tended to decrease the expression of cPLA2 after 24 hr in vitro. We also found decreased mRNA levels of cPLA2 in offspring of diabetic rats on gestational day 10 and of PKC on day 11, as compared with normal offspring.ConclusionsHigh glucose concentration causes dysmorphogenesis in embryos by an interaction of oxidative stress and inositol depletion. Teratology 63:193–201, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of a cyanobacterial crude extract on different aquatic organisms: Evidence for cyanobacterial toxin modulating factors
Authors: Pietsch Constanze , Wiegand Claudia , Amé M. Valeria , Nicklisch Andreas , Wunderlin Daniel , Pflugmacher Stephan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn an aquatic ecosystem, during cyanobacterial bloom lysis, a mixture of toxins and other cyanobacterial and bacterial components will be present in the water, acting on aquatic organisms. Most of the research into toxic effects of cyanobacteria has involved the use of purified toxins. In this study, the “real‐life” situation of a cyanobacterial lysis event was investigated. For this purpose, intact cells from a natural cyanobacterial bloom from Lake Müggelsee, Berlin, were taken and the cells were broken by repeated freeze/thaw cycles. This crude extract was used to expose several aquatic organisms ranging from microalgae (Scenedesmus armatus), macrophyte (Ceratophyllum demersum), invertebrate (Chaoborus crystallinus) up to fish eggs (Danio rerio) to look at several physiological parameters such as detoxication enzyme activity and, in the case of the microalgae and the macrophyte, also the effect on activity of photosynthesis. In all the tests, the cyanobacterial crude extract caused stronger effects than the pure cyanobacterial toxins used in equivalent concentrations.  © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 16: 535–542, 2001
Global Reporting Initiative Guidelines: An Evaluation of Sustainable Development Metrics for Industry
Authors: Hussey Dennis M. , Kirsop Patrick L. , Meissen Ronald E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHow can we monitor companies' progress towards the goal of sustainability? No one set of metrics
is recognized universally, although several approaches have been proposed. This article uses the environmental
reports of ten leading companies to evaluate the GRI Sustainability Reporting Guidelines. © 2001 John Wiley
& Sons, Inc.
Investigations of a building‐integrated ducted wind turbine module
Authors: Dannecker Robert K. W. , Grant Andrew D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSo far, wind energy has not played a major role in the group of technologies for embedded generation in the built environment. However, the wind flow around conventional tall buildings generates differential pressures, which may cause an enhanced mass flow through a building‐integrated turbine. As a first step, a prototype of a small‐scale ducted wind turbine has been developed and tested, which seems to be feasible for integration into the leading roof edge of such a building. Here an experimental and numerical investigation of the flow through building‐integrated ducting is presented. Pressure and wind speed measurements have been carried out on a wind tunnel model at different angles of incident wind, and different duct configurations have been tested. It was confirmed that wind speeds up to 30% higher than in the approaching freestream may be induced in the duct, and good performance was obtained for angles of incident wind up to ±60°. The experimental work proceeded in parallel with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling. The geometry of the system was difficult to represent to the required level of accuracy, and modelling was restricted to a few simple cases, for which the flow field in the building‐integrated duct was compared with experimental results. Generally good agreement was obtained, indicating that CFD techniques could play a major role in the design process. Predicted power of the proposed device suggests that it will compare favourably with conventional small wind turbines and photovoltaics in an urban environment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trace elements in tissues from Vietnamese animals
Authors: Boman Johan , Wagner Annemarie , Brauer Hans , Viet Binh Doan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe concentrations of the trace elements S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr and Pb in tissues of a number of animals collected in different provinces in Vietnam were determined using energy‐dispersive x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry. This set of data was measured in order to establish a background set of data for Vietnam. Overall good agreement with elemental concentrations reported for similar animals and with concentrations in other parts of the world was found. In order to render comparisons possible for specimens sampled in other countries and between polluted and unpolluted areas, it turned out to be clearly advantageous to determine the element concentrations in the different tissues. Compared with measurements of the total body, the risk of averaging the elemental concentration is being eliminated or at least greatly reduced. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The HTL1 gene (YCR020W‐b) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is necessary for growth at 37°C, and for the conservation of chromosome stability and fertility
Authors: Lanzuolo Chiara , Ederle Sara , Pollice Alessandra , Russo Francesco , Storlazzi Aurora , Pulitzer John F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA small 78 codon ORF, named HTL1 (Chen et al., unpublished results), situated between loci MAK31 and HSP30 on chromosome III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is required for growth at 37°C. In this communication, we characterize the ORF and show that disruption of HTL1, besides preventing growth at 37°C, causes genetic and/or epigenetic instability at 26°C: ploidy increases in about 10% of cells grown from individual disruptants and a fraction of disruptant clones are predestined to a rapid and progressive loss of fertility during growth at 26°C. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.