bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Washing and Non-Washing of Seeds on Germination of Papaya Seedling (Carica papaya L.) cv. Pusa Nanha
Authors: Giri Aditya Narayan , Sharma Ankur , Dahiya Priyanka 
Published: November 2023

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the response of washing and non- washing of seeds on germination of papaya seedling at the CRC Farm, ITM University, Gwalior (M.P.). The experiment was laid out in the Randomized Block Design using 4 media with or without washing of seeds with tap water comprising 12 treatments combinations (viz., controlled (soil + water), vermiwash (50%) + wood dust, vermiwash (50%) + cocopeat, vermiwash (50%) + pond soil, cow-urine (50%) + wood dust, cow-urine (50%) + cocopeat, cow-urine (50%) + pond soil, vermiwash (100%) + wood dust, vermiwash (100%) + cocopeat, vermiwash (100%) + pond soil, cow-urine (100%) + wood dust, cow-urine (100%) + cocopeat, cow-urine (100%) + pond soil which were replicated thrice. For experimental purpose, freshly ripe fruits of papaya were purchased from the papaya-growing farmer of IARI, New Delhi and seeds were sown in the poly bag (4x24 inch sized). The results indicated that the application of Vermiwash (100%) + pond soil recorded minimum days (6.78) required for initiation to germination, minimum days (9.22) required for 50 per cent germination while maximum (100.00) germination percentage in papaya seedlings. Thus, washing of papaya seedlings with vermiwash +pond soil will increase the germination and in turn the production of papaya.
Alkali‐Ion Batteries by Carbon Encapsulation of Liquid Metal Anode
Authors: Huang Chenghao , Guo Baiyu , Wang Xiaodong , Cao Qingping , Zhang Dongxian , Huang Jianyu , Jiang Jian‐Zhong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGallium‐based metallic liquids, exhibiting high theoretical capacity, are considered a promising anode material for room‐temperature liquid metal alkali‐ion batteries. However, electrochemical performances, especially the cyclic stability, of the liquid metal anode for alkali‐ion batteries are strongly limited because of the volume expansion and unstable solid electrolyte interphase film of liquid metal. Here, the bottleneck problem is resolved by designing carbon encapsulation on gallium–indium liquid metal nanoparticles (EGaIn@C LMNPs). A superior cycling stability (644 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles at 1.0 A g−1) is demonstrated for lithium‐ion batteries, and excellent cycle stability (87 mAh g−1 after 2500 cycles at 1.0 A g−1) is achieved for sodium‐ion batteries by carbon encapsulation of the liquid metal anode. Morphological and phase changes of EGaIn@C LMNPs during the electrochemical reaction process are revealed by in situ transmission electron microscopy measurements in real‐time. The origin for the excellent performance is uncovered, that is the EGaIn@C core–shell structure effectively suppresses the non‐uniform volume expansion of LMNPs from ≈160% to 127%, improves the electrical conductivity of the LMNPs, and exhibits superior electrochemical kinetics and a self‐healing phenomenon. This work paves the way for the applications of room‐temperature liquid metal anodes for high‐performance alkali‐ion batteries.
Experimental Realization of Anti‐Unitary Wave‐Chaotic Photonic Topological Insulator Graphs Showing Kramers Degeneracy and Symplectic Ensemble Statistics
Authors: Ma Shukai , Anlage Steven M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWorking in analogy with topological insulators in condensed matter, photonic topological insulators (PTI) have been experimentally realized, and protected electromagnetic edge‐modes have been demonstrated in such systems. Moreover, PTI technology also emulates a synthetic spin‐1/2 degree of freedom (DOF) in the reflectionless topological modes. The spin‐1/2 DOF is carried by quantum valley Hall (QVH)/quantum spin Hall (QSH) interface modes created from the bianisotropic meta waveguide platform and realized both in simulation and experiment. The PTI setting is employed to build an ensemble of wave chaotic 1D metric graphs that display statistical properties consistent with Gaussian symplectic ensemble (GSE) statistics. The two critical ingredients required to create a physical system in the GSE universality class, the half‐integer‐spin DOF and preserved time‐reversal invariance, are clearly realized in the QVH/QSH interface modes. The anti‐unitary T‐operator is identified for the PTI Hamiltonian underlying the experimental realization. An ensemble of PTI‐edgemode metric graphs are proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Then, the Kramers degeneracy of eigenmodes of the PTI‐graph systems is demonstrated with both numerical and experimental studies. Further, spectral statistical studies of the edgemode graphs are studied, and good agreement with the GSE theoretical predictions is found. The PTI chaotic graph structures present an innovative and easily extendable platform for continued future investigation of GSE systems.
First Principles Studies of Topological Insulating Behavior in Lanthanum‐Monopnictides and their Heterostructures
Authors: K S Ananthram , N Suneetha , Tarafder Kartick 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe topological insulating behavior of LaX (X = Bi, Sb, As, and P) and their heterostructure combinations are investigated. The system's bulk‐band‐inversion is analyzed, and the ‐topological indexes are calculated using LDA and mBJLDA exchange functionals. Strong topological insulating behavior in LaBi is confirmed from bulk band inversion. Linearly dispersive Dirac‐cone in the (001)‐surface band structure is observed. The other LaX binaries also exhibit bulk‐band‐inversion under LDA+SOC settings but disappear after including the mBJ potential. The robustness of the surface Dirac cone is tested by estimating the surface band structure under uniaxial strain. The result shows that Dirac‐cone in the (001)‐surface is unaltered only for the LaBi system and destroyed in all other three binaries, concluding the topologically trivial nature of LaP, LaSb, and LaAs. The investigation is further extended to study the multilayer LaX1/LaX2 systems composed of an alternate stacking of two different LaX binaries. The findings suggest that the multilayer structures exhibit topological insulating behavior only when LaBi is present in the system. Bulk‐band‐inversion and surface Dirac‐cone structures in LaBi/LaAs, LaBi/LaSb, and LaBi/LaP multilayers are observed. Furthermore, the surface Dirac cones remain unchanged under the influence of TR‐preserving perturbation, confirming these systems possess strong topological insulating character.
Trends in the prevalence of obesity, overweight, and thinness among schoolchildren aged 7–14 years from southern Brazil (2002–2019)
Authors: Spanholi Mariana Winck , Matsuo Luísa Harumi , Roberto Denise Miguel Teixeira , Pereira Luciana Jeremias , Belchor Ana Luisa Lages , Cezimbra Vanessa Guimarães , Junior Carlos Alencar Souza Alves , Vieira Francilene Gracieli Kunradi , Silva Diego Augusto Santos , de Vasconcelos Francisco de Assis Guedes , Soar Cláudia , Corrêa Elizabeth Nappi , Rockenbach Gabriele , Leite Maurício Soares , de Assis Maria Alice Altenburg , Di Pietro Patrícia Faria , Kupek Emil , Leal Danielle Biazzi , Hinnig Patrícia de Fragas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the obesity, overweight, and thinness trends among Brazilian schoolchildren by sex, age group, and type of school according to World Health Organization (WHO) and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria.MethodsWe conducted four surveys between 2002 and 2018/19 involving schoolchildren aged 7–14 years from a state capital in southern Brazil. Weight status was classified using both WHO and IOTF criteria.ResultsIn the total sample, obesity prevalence based on the IOTF and the WHO criteria were 72% and 44% higher in 2018/19 compared with 2002, respectively. Over the whole period, the obesity prevalence increased among children (WHO: 10.1% vs. 14.1%; IOTF: 5.0% vs. 8.3%), and those from public schools (WHO: 10.5% vs. 16.4%; IOTF: 5.6% vs. 10.1%). There was no significant reduction in thinness prevalence over the analyzed period.ConclusionObesity prevalence remains on an upward trend in a state capital in southern Brazil, especially among children from public schools. A higher prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed using the WHO criteria compared with IOTF criteria.
Bruno Schulz's 1930 article “The Hereditary Relationships of Old‐Age Paranoid Psychosis”
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Klee Astrid 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the 1899 6th edition of his influential textbook, Kraepelin proposed a diagnostic category of “Old‐Age Paranoid Psychosis.” In this 1930 article, Bruno Schulz studied the morbid risk (MR) of several disorders and traits in the parents, siblings, offspring, and nieces/nephews of 51 probands with “Old‐Age Paranoid Psychosis.” His results permitted an evaluation of the validity of Kraepelin's category of Old‐Age Paranoid Psychosis, in particular, whether it was a form of psychosis resulting from “senile changes” or late‐onset schizophrenia. The MR of schizophrenia in these four groups of relatives varied from 0 to 2.4% with 3 of 4 somewhat higher than population expectations but much lower than parallel results in relatives of schizophrenics. By contrast, the rates of eccentricity in these relatives were uniformly elevated over population rates, sometimes approaching those seen in relatives of schizophrenics. Schulz concluded, from his study, that Old‐Age Paranoid Psychosis was a distinct disorder not closely related to schizophrenia. However, he suggested that a family history and/or a premorbid trait of eccentricity increases the risk of developing a paranoid psychosis in old age, particularly when associated with physical or mental decline. He was uncertain about whether the trait of eccentricity he found in this study was very similar or distinct from that observed in excess in relatives of schizophrenics. This study was the first, to the best of our knowledge, to use a family study design explicitly to address a nosologic question—in this case the familial relationship between Old‐Age Paranoid Psychosis and schizophrenia.
Efficient Visible‐Light‐Activated Ultra‐Long Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Triggered by Multi‐Esterification
Authors: Yu Jiahong , Sun Zhiyu , Ma Huili , Wang Chengyun , Huang Wenbin , He Zikai , Wu Wenjun , Hu Honglong , Zhao Weijun , Zhu Wei‐Hong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe development of ultra‐long room‐temperature phosphorescence (UL‐RTP) in processable amorphous organic materials is highly desirable for applications in flexible displays, anti‐counterfeiting, and bio‐imaging. However, achieving efficient UL‐RTP from amorphous materials remains a challenging task, especially with activation by visible light and a bright afterglow. Here we report a general and rational molecular‐design strategy to enable efficient visible‐light‐excited UL‐RTP by multi‐esterification of a rigid large‐plane phosphorescence core. Notably, multi‐esterification minimizes the aggregation‐induced quenching and accomplishes a ′four birds with one stone′ possibility in the generation and radiation process of UL‐RTP: i) shifting the excitation from ultraviolet light to blue‐light through enhancing the transition dipole moment of low‐lying singlet‐states, ii) facilitating the intersystem crossing process through the incorporation of lone‐pair electrons, iii) boosting the decay process of long‐lived triplet excitons resulting from a significantly increased transition dipole moment, and iv) reducing the intrinsic triplet nonradiative decay by substitution of high‐frequency vibrating hydrogen atoms. All these factors synergistically contribute to the most efficient and stable visible‐light‐stimulated UL‐RTP (lifetime up to 2.01 s and efficiency up to 35.4 % upon excitation at 450 nm) in flexible films using multi‐esterified coronene, which allows high‐tech applications in single‐component time‐delayed white light‐emitting diodes and information technology based on flashlight‐activated afterglow encryption.
Optimization of the elastic modulus for polymeric nanocomposite membranes
Authors: Alasfar Reema H. , Koç Muammer , Kochkodan Viktor , Ahzi Said , Barth Nicolas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe mechanical properties of polymeric membranes are critical factors for a successful and durable application in water treatment technologies. Fabricating membranes with optimal mechanical properties require delicate balancing between material, additives, processing conditions, porosity, and many other variables. Several variables to be optimized demands detailed experimental and computational investigations. The design of experiments (DOEs) technique using a validated framework with a computational model for the prediction of the elastic behavior can lower the number of conducted experiments for optimal membrane fabrication conditions. In this study, optimization of the elastic modulus of polymeric membranes is performed using DOE with computational modeling and validated with experiments. The optimum storage modulus of polymeric nano‐filled membranes is determined at an operating temperature of 35°C. DOE is employed with a three‐factor–three‐level problem. The Taguchi DOE is utilized to obtain the experiments scheme, followed by the prediction of the storage modulus and fabrication of the polymeric nano‐filled membrane with the optimum modulus. Predicted results demonstrate that the modulus of polyether sulfone (PES) reinforced with 0.3 wt.% halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) is the optimum combination. The fabricated PES/0.3 wt.% HNT membrane is in good agreement with the predicted modulus with a percentage error of 3%.
Prediction of CHO cell line stability using expression of DNA repair genes
Authors: Cordova Lauren T. , Dahodwala Hussain , Cooley Rebecca , Lee Kelvin H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are essential to biopharmaceutical manufacturing and production instability, the loss of productivity over time, is a long‐standing challenge in the industry. Accurate prediction of cell line stability could enable efficient screening to identify clones suitable for manufacturing saving significant time and costs. DNA repair genes may offer biomarkers to address this need. In this study, over 40 cell lines representing various host lineages from three companies/organizations were evaluated for expression of five DNA repair genes (Fam35a, Lig4, Palb2, Pari, and Xrcc6). Expression measured in cells with less than 30 population doubling levels (PDLs) was correlated to stability profiles at 60+ PDL. Principal component analysis identified markers which separate stable and unstable CHO‐DG44 cell lines. Notably, two genes, Lig4 and Xrcc6, showed higher expression in unstable CHO‐DG44 cell lines with copy number loss identified as the mechanism of production instability. Expression levels across all cell ages showed lower DNA repair gene expression was associated with increased cell age. Collectively, DNA repair genes provide critical insight into long‐term behavior of CHO cells and their expression levels have potential to predict cell line stability in certain cases.
Structural, material and antibacterial properties of quercetin incorporated soy protein isolate films and its binding behavior through molecular docking
Authors: Rani Priya , Yadav Piyush Kumar , Singh Ajay Kumar , Nayak Suman , Kumar K. Dinesh , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the three different methods for the fabrication of quercetin (1%–3% w/w of protein) incorporated soy protein isolate (SPI) films and their effect on material properties. The quercetin incorporated SPI films prepared by these methods were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectrophotometer, tensile properties, and water uptake and leaching properties. The cross‐linking pattern was revealed by the FTIR spectrum that showed formation of an ester group because of interaction between the quercetin hydroxyl group and the carboxyl side chain of SPI amino acids. The tensile strength of SPI films were enhanced with the addition of quercetin as it increased to a maximum of 6.17 MPa while neat SPI film had tensile strength 4.13 MPa. The prepared films exhibit significant antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. The In‐silico docking analysis demonstrates that covalent and non‐covalent forces play crucial roles in binding interaction. It shows the formation of four hydrogen bonds, two salt bridges along with one pi‐alkyl interaction. The simulation studies reflect the crucial amino acid residues involved in SPI‐quercetin binding. The effect of quercetin binding with SPI on its stability and compactness is revealed by Root mean square deviation (RMSD) and radius of gyration studies.
Impact of aversive affect on neural mechanisms of categorization decisions
Authors: Levitas Daniel J. , Folco Kess L. , James Thomas W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionMany theories contend that evidence accumulation is a critical component of decision‐making. Cognitive accumulation models typically interpret two main parameters: a drift rate and decision threshold. The former is the rate of accumulation, based on the quality of evidence, and the latter is the amount of evidence required for a decision. Some studies have found neural signals that mimic evidence accumulators and can be described by the two parameters. However, few studies have related these neural parameters to experimental manipulations of sensory data or memory representations. Here, we investigated the influence of affective salience on neural accumulation parameters. High affective salience has been repeatedly shown to influence decision‐making, yet its effect on neural evidence accumulation has been unexamined.MethodsThe current study used a two‐choice object categorization task of body images (feet or hands). Half the images in each category were high in affective salience because they contained highly aversive features (gore and mutilation). To study such quick categorization decisions with a relatively slow technique like functional magnetic resonance imaging, we used a gradual reveal paradigm to lengthen cognitive processing time through the gradual “unmasking” of stimuli.ResultsBecause the aversive features were task‐irrelevant, high affective salience produced a distractor effect, slowing decision time. In visual accumulation regions of interest, high affective salience produced a longer time to peak activation. Unexpectedly, the later peak appeared to be the product of changes to both drift rate and decision threshold. The drift rate for high affective salience was shallower, and the decision threshold was greater. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an experimental manipulation of sensory data or memory representations that changed the neural decision threshold.ConclusionThese findings advance our knowledge of the neural mechanisms underlying affective responses in general and the influence of high affective salience on object representations and categorization decisions.
Steroidal Saponins from Solanum lyratum Thunb.
Authors: Lai Jia‐Xin , Zhao Yue , Gao Wen‐Ke , Zhang Li‐Hua , Yu Hai‐Yang , Yang Wen‐Zhi , Wu Hong‐Hua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFour undescribed steroidal compounds along with twenty known compounds were isolated from n‐butanol extracted fraction of the whole plants of Solanum lyratum Thunb (SLNF). Their structures were assigned based on analyses of the extensive spectroscopic data (including MS, 1D/2D NMR, and ECD) or comparisons of the NMR data with those reported. Among the knowns, three compounds were isolated from Solanum plants for the first time, while one compound was isolated from S. lyratum for the first time. In addition, the cytotoxicities of these isolates against human colon SW480 and hepatoma Hep3B cells were evaluated by a MTT assay. And, nine of them and SLNF exhibited significant activities against both SW480 and Hep3B cells, while twelve of them significantly inhibited the activities of SW480 cells. This study allows for the exploitation of chemical markers with potential significance in discrimination of Solanum plants, and uncovers the diverse steroidal constituents from S. lyratum dedicated for its future application in cancer treatment.
New Monoterpenoid Indole Hybrids from Gelsemium elegans with Anti‐Inflammatory and Osteoclast Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Zhang Pan‐Pan , Liang Jia‐Jun , Lu Qing‐Yu , Yin Xin , Zhou Yong‐Qiang , Feng Ting‐Ting , Zhou Ying , Chang Dong , Wei Xin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGelsegansymines A (1) and B (2), two new indole alkaloids along with six known analogues (3–8) were isolated from the aerial parts of Gelsemium elegans. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic techniques. Structurally, compounds 1 and 2 possessed the rare cage‐like gelsedine skeleton hybrid with bicyclic monoterpenoid. The anti‐inflammatory activities of isolated compounds (1–3) were tested on LPS induced RAW264.7 cells. Under the treated concentration without toxicity for cells, the cytokines levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were evaluated by Griess method and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that compounds 1–3 exhibited anti‐inflammatory activities with dose‐dependent manner range from 12.5 to 50 μmol/L. Furthermore, the inhibitory activities of compounds 1 and 2 on receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) induced osteoclast formation were tested in vitro. Compounds 1 and 2 at 5 μmol/L exhibited the significant inhibitory effect on the osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL. This work reported the anti‐inflammatory and osteoclast inhibitory activities of new monoterpenoid indole hybrids, which may inspire the further light on the related traditional application research of G. elegans.
Bioactivities and Phenolic Profiles of Honeys Derived from Plants of the Goldfields, Esperance and Wheatbelt Regions of Western Australia
Authors: Lozada Lawag Ivan , Green Kathryn J. , Khairul Islam Md , Locher Cornelia , Hammer Katherine A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine a collection of 79 honeys derived from plants endemic to several Western Australian unique bioregions for bioactivity and physicochemical characteristics. For physicochemical analyses, total phenolic content, high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprints, pH, Brix, colour and hydrogen peroxide generation were examined. Brix (82.6±1.3) and pH (4.34±0.24) values were within expected ranges, whereas hydrogen peroxide levels determined using an o‐dianisidine/horseradish peroxidase assay were relatively low, ranging from 0–244 μM. Antibacterial activity determined by the broth microdilution assay showed that Moort (Eucalyptus platypus) and Yate (Eucalyptus occidentalis) honeys had the highest overall activity with mean minimum inhibitory concentrations of 24.8 % and 25.1 % (w/v) honey, respectively. Yate honey also had the highest overall antioxidant activity (4.38±0.58 mmol Fe2+/kg of honey), followed by Mallee honeys from various eucalypts, as determined by FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) and DPPH⋅ (2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) assays. This study identified new sources of honeys with potentially useful therapeutic properties from bioregions within Western Australia.