bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a Computational Fluid Dynamics-Finite Element Method Model to Analyze Thermal-Mechanical Stresses in a Heavy-Duty Medium-Speed Diesel Engine Piston During Warm-Up
Authors: Nguyen Duong V. , Pham Phuong X. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPistons play a vital role in internal combustion engines, affecting both performance and reliability, and are subjected to intense thermal-mechanical loads that have become more challenging due to improved engine efficiency and power. This study examines the thermal and mechanical stress experienced by a piston in a heavy-duty medium-speed diesel engine during warm-up. The heavy-duty diesel engines are typically used in heavy trucks, locomotives, and ships. A combination of computational fluid dynamics, finite element method, and matlab was used to consider factors such as oil temperature and flowrate, coolant temperature, component temperature, and boundary conditions during engine transient conditions. The results highlight the significant variations in the thermal and mechanical stress on the piston, particularly in the piston head under different warming-up conditions. It is noted that the variation in oil temperature is a crucial factor affecting the thermal stress on the piston. Low oil temperature can result in reduced heat exchange coefficient and inadequate cooling of the piston due to low flowrate of the cooling oil. During engine warm-up, both thermal and combined stresses reach maximum values and then decrease when the engine reaches stable operating conditions. By selecting appropriate warming-up modes, the quality of the warm-up process and the strength and longevity of the engine could be improved. This study also provides useful insights for technicians to prevent critical conditions that may damage the piston and reduce its strength and lifespan.
Pore-Scale Study of Gas Natural Convection in Confined Porous Media Based on Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Tariq Ammar , Zhao Yueqi , Munir Adnan , Cui Peilin , Liu Zhenyu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Gas natural convection is one common phenomenon in industrial applications, especially for the thermal management of electronic devices. In this study, a numerical model for gas natural convection in a confined porous cavity is constructed based on the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method, which predicts the density-difference-induced flow using a multiple relaxation time (MRT) collision operator. At the gas–solid interfaces, the microscale flow and heat transfer effects are formulated using an effective slip boundary condition. The established LB model is applied to investigate the Nusselt number for heated obstacles arranged in a staggered formation in the cavity. Based on the calculated data, the Nusselt number values obtained for a five-cylinder pore-scale (single pore, SP) domain are analyzed and compared to those for a 13-cylinder (multipore, MP) one. The Nusselt number shows a sharp decrease as soon as the microscale effect is considered at the obstacle walls. It was also observed that the Nusselt number for MP domain achieved lower values than that of SP one. The findings in this work can contribute to the design of thermal management device with confined porous media.
Effect of Sloping Bottom on Wave Interaction With Multiple Flexible Moored Breakwaters
Authors: Tabssum Saista , Ramakrishnan Balaji 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An analytical framework is developed to analyze the interaction of oblique waves with multiple flexible porous breakwaters under the consideration of bottom undulation. The mathematical problem is tackled using the small amplitude water-wave theory, with Darcy’s law being applied to account for wave interaction with porous media. The bottom topography is considered to have a finite length, flanked by two semi-infinite sections of uniform bottom. The solution to the boundary value problem is approached by employing the eigenfunction expansion method within the uniform bottom regions. For the varying bottom topography, a modified mild-slope equation (MMSE) is utilized. To address the solution at the slope discontinuity at the bottom, a mass-conserving jump condition is applied. By matching solutions at the interfaces, a set of equations is derived. This system of equations encapsulates the behavior of reflection and transmission coefficients, as well as the force exerted on the breakwaters. These parameters are then investigated across various factors such as the length of the varying bottom, depth ratio, angle of the mooring line, angle of incidence, and flexural rigidity. Graphical representations of the reflection and transmission coefficients, along with the breakwater force, provide insights into the system’s behavior under different conditions. The water wave energy can be dissipated for the optimum values of flexural rigidity. The transmission coefficient is observed to be least for higher mooring angle.
Draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
fecal isolate from a cow with clinical mastitis
Authors: Hoque M. Nazmul , Faisal Golam Mahbub , Moyna Zannatara , Islam Md. Sayedul , Das Ziban Chandra , Islam Tofazzal 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is one of the most important mastitis-causing pathogens. The multidrug-resistant
K. pneumoniae
strain MNH_G2C5F was isolated from the feces of a cow with clinical mastitis. The MNH_G2C5F strain had a genome size of 5,381,832 bp (85.0× coverage) and typed as sequence type 273 (ST273).
In vivo
genetic analysis of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
carbon catabolic repression through the study of CrcZ pseudo-revertants shows that Crc-mediated metabolic robustness is needed for proficient bacterial virulence and antibiotic resistance
Authors: Gil-Gil Teresa , Valverde José Ramón , Martínez José Luis , Corona Fernando 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen able to colonize a variety of habitats. Its success in colonizing these habitats relies on its metabolic robustness and its capability of efficiently using available carbon sources in a hierarchical way.
P. aeruginosa
carbon catabolic repression is post-transcriptionally regulated by Hfq and Crc, which form a complex that binds and impedes the translation of their target mRNAs. Under no catabolic repression conditions, the complex is sequestered by the small RNA CrcZ, allowing the translation of the involved mRNAs. In addition to regulating carbon sources use, Crc and Hfq modulate
P. aeruginosa
virulence and antibiotic resistance. In the absence of CrcZ, catabolic repression should be constitutive, severely impairing
P. aeruginosa
fitness. A Δ
crcZ
mutant was generated. As predicted, it presents severe fitness defects and alterations in virulence and antibiotic resistance. Pseudo-revertants that restore
P. aeruginosa
fitness, antibiotic resistance, and virulence were selected. Notably, most pseudo-revertants presented mutations in
crc
, despite Hfq, not Crc, being the RNA-binding protein of the complex. The analysis of several traits, including antibiotic resistance and bacterial virulence of these mutants, indicates that they can be grouped into two categories, those in which Crc is fully inactivated and those presenting smaller structural changes. The phenotypes of the latter resembling those of the wild-type strain. Notably, even when Hfq is not sequestered by CrcZ, in the Δ
crcZ
mutant, the lack of Crc impedes a proficient catabolic repression, indicating that Crc is strictly required for keeping
P. aeruginosa
metabolic robustness, virulence, and antibiotic resistance.

Iimportance

Hfq and Crc regulate
P. aeruginosa
carbon catabolic repression at the post-transcriptional level.
In vitro
work has shown that Hfq binds the target RNAs and Crc stabilizes the complex. A third element in the regulation is the small RNA CrcZ, which sequesters the Crc-Hfq complex under no catabolic repression conditions, allowing the translation of the target mRNAs. A Δ
crcZ
mutant was generated and presented fitness defects and alterations in its virulence potential and antibiotic resistance. Eight pseudo-revertants that present different degrees of fitness compensation were selected. Notably, although Hfq is the RNA binding protein, most mutations occurred in Crc. This indicates that Crc is strictly needed for
P. aeruginosa
efficient carbon catabolic repression
in vivo
. The compensatory mutations restore in a different degree the alterations in antibiotic susceptibility and virulence of the Δ
crcZ
mutant, supporting that Crc plays a fundamental role linking
P. aeruginosa
metabolic robustness, virulence, and antibiotic resistance.
Impact of smoking on choroidal microvasculature dropout in glaucoma: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nishida Takashi , Micheletti Eleonora , Latif Kareem , Du Kelvin H , Weinreb Robert N , Moghimi Sasan 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of smoking on choroidal microvasculature dropout (MvD) in glaucoma.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTertiary glaucoma centre.Participants223 eyes of 163 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma who had undergone imaging with optical coherence tomography angiography and completed a questionnaire on smoking from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study.Primary outcome measuresLinear mixed-effects models were used to determine the effect of each parameter on MvD area and angular circumference. The sensitivity analysis was performed by categorising the glaucoma severity determined by visual field mean deviation (MD).ResultsMvD was found in 37 (51.4%) eyes with smoking history and in 67 (44.4%) eyes with non-smokers (p=0.389). Larger MvD area and wider angular circumference were found in smokers compared with non-smokers (p=0.068 and p=0.046, respectively). In a multivariable model, smoking intensity was significantly associated with MvD area (0.30(95% CI 0.01 to 0.60) each 0.01 mm2per 10 pack-years; p=0.044). In eyes with moderate-severe glaucoma (MD <−6), smoking intensity was associated with larger MvD area (0.47 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.83) each 0.01 mm2per 10 pack-years; p=0.011), whereas no significant association was found in early glaucoma (MD ≥−6) (−0.08 (95% CI −0.26 to 0.11), p=0.401).ConclusionsSmoking intensity was associated with larger choroidal MvD area in eyes with glaucoma, especially in patients with more severe disease.Trial registration numberNCT00221897.
Implementation of a standardised accept note to improve communication during inter-hospital transfer: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Mueller Stephanie , Murray Maria , Goralnick Eric , Kelly Caitlin , Fiskio Julie M , Yoon Cathy , Schnipper Jeffrey L 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceThe transfer of patients between hospitals (interhospital transfer, IHT), exposes patients to communication errors and gaps in information exchange.ObjectiveTo design and implement a standardised accept note to improve communication during medical service transfers, and evaluate its impact on patient outcomes.DesignProspective interventional cohort study.SettingA 792-bed tertiary care hospital.ParticipantsAll patient transfers from any acute care hospital to the general medicine, cardiology, oncology and intensive care unit (ICU) services between August 2020 and June 2022.InterventionsA standardised accept note template was developed over a 9-month period with key stakeholder input and embedded in the electronic health record, completed by nurses within the hospital’s Access Centre.Main outcomes and measuresPrimary outcome was clinician-reported medical errors collected via surveys of admitting clinicians within 72 hours after IHT patient admission. Secondary outcomes included clinician-reported failures in communication; presence and ‘timeliness’ of accept note documentation; patient length of stay (LOS) after transfer; rapid response or ICU transfer within 24 hours and in-hospital mortality. All outcomes were analysed postintervention versus preintervention, adjusting for patient demographics, diagnosis, comorbidity, illness severity, admitting service, time of year, hospital COVID census and census of admitting service and admitting team on date of admission.ResultsOf the 1004 and 654 IHT patients during preintervention and postintervention periods, surveys were collected on 735 (73.2%) and 462 (70.6%), respectively. Baseline characteristics were similar among patients in each time period and between survey responders and non-responders. Adjusted analyses demonstrated a 27% reduction in clinician-reported medical error rates postimplementation versus preimplementation (11.5 vs 15.8, adjusted OR (aOR) 0.73, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.99). Secondary outcomes demonstrated lower adjusted odds of clinician-reported failures in communication (aOR 0.88; 0.78 to 0.98) and rapid response/ICU transfer (aOR 0.57; 0.34 to 0.97), and improved presence (aOR 2.30; 1.75 to 3.02) and timeliness (−21.4 hours vs −8.7 hours, p<0.001) of accept note documentation. There were no significant differences in LOS or mortality.Conclusions and relevanceAmong 1658 medical patient transfers, implementing a standardised accept note was associated with improved presence and timeliness of accept note documentation, clinician-reported medical errors, failures in communication and clinical decline following transfer, suggesting that improving communication during IHT can improve patient outcomes.
Modelling a two-stage adult population screen for autosomal dominant familial hypercholesterolaemia: cross-sectional analysis within the UK Biobank
Authors: Gratton Jasmine , Humphries Steve E , Schmidt Amand Floriaan , Patel Riyaz S , Sofat Reecha , Finan Chris , Morris Joan K , Hingorani Aroon D , Futema Marta 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundMost people with autosomal dominant familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) remain undetected, which represents a missed opportunity for coronary heart disease prevention.ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of two-stage adult population screening for FH.DesignUsing data from UK Biobank, we estimated the screening performance of different low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) cut-offs (stage 1) to select adults for DNA sequencing (stage 2) to identify individuals with FH-causing variants inLDLR, APOB, PCSK9andAPOE. We estimated the number of additional FH cases detected by cascade testing of first-degree relatives of index cases and compared the overall approach with screening in childhood.SettingUK Biobank.Participants140 439 unrelated participants of European ancestry from UK Biobank with information on circulating LDL-C concentration and exome sequence.Main outcome measuresFor different LDL-C cut-offs, we estimated the detection and false-positive rate, the proportion of individuals who would be referred for DNA sequencing (stage 1 screen positive rate), and the number of FH cases identified by population screening followed by cascade testing.ResultsWe identified 488 individuals with an FH-causing variant and 139 951 without (prevalence 1 in 288). An LDL-C cut-off of >4.8 mmol/L had a stage 1 detection rate (sensitivity) of 40% (95% CI 36 to 44%) for a false-positive rate of 10% (95% CI 10 to 11%). Detection rate increased at lower LDL-C cut-offs but at the expense of higher false-positive and screen positive rates, and vice versa. Two-stage screening of 100 000 adults using an LDL-C cut-off of 4.8 mmol/L would generate 10 398 stage 1 screen positives for sequencing, detect 138 FH cases and miss 209. Up to 207 additional cases could be detected throughtwo-generationcascade testing of first-degree relatives. By comparison, based on previously published data, childhood screening followed by cascade testing was estimated to detect nearly three times as many affected individuals for around half the sequencing burden.ConclusionsTwo-stage adult population screening for FH could help achieve the 25% FH case detection target set in the National Health Service Long Term Plan, but less efficiently than childhood screening and with a greater sequencing requirement.
p16Ink4a, a marker of cellular senescence, is associated with renal disease in the B6.NZMSle1/Sle2/Sle3mouse model of lupus
Authors: Tilman Gaëlle , Dupré Emilie , Watteyne Laura , Baert Charlotte Anne , Nolf Delphine , Benhaddi Fatima , Lambert Fanny , Daumerie Aurélie , Bouzin Caroline , Lucas Sophie , Limaye Nisha 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesDespite treatment, one-third of patients with lupus nephritis (LN) show a decline in renal function. Prognostic markers of poor outcome as well as novel therapeutic targets are therefore highly sought. We showed that p16INK4a, a marker of cellular senescence, is observed in baseline kidney biopsies from patients with LN, and is associated with renal disease. Here, we set out to assess for whether these findings are recapitulated in the B6.NZMSle1/Sle2/Sle3(B6.Sle1.2.3) mouse model of spontaneous lupus.MethodsWe evaluated the occurrence and time of onset of p16Ink4astaining by immunohistochemistry on kidney sections, and tested for its association with multiple renal and systemic disease parameters, fibrosis and CD8+T cell infiltration, in two cohorts of B6.Sle1.2.3mice.ResultsThe presence of p16Ink4a-positive cells in kidney was significantly associated with increased urine albumin/creatinine ratio, histopathological scores, CD8+T cell infiltration and fibrosis, in both B6.Sle1.2.3cohorts. In contrast, p16Ink4astaining was not associated with systemic disease parameters. A time course showed that systemic disease parameters as well as glomerular IgG deposits appeared in B6.Sle1.2.3mice by 4 months of age; the appearance of p16Ink4a-positive cells occurred later, by 8 months of age, overlapping with renal disease.ConclusionWe report, for the first time, the presence of p16Ink4a-positive cells, a marker of cellular senescence, in the B6.Sle1.2.3kidney, and their association with renal disease severity. This provides a preclinical model in which to test for the role of cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of LN, as a potential kidney-intrinsic disease mechanism.
Therapy with direct oral anticoagulants for secondary prevention of thromboembolic events in the antiphospholipid syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials
Authors: Adelhelm Josefine B H , Christensen Robin , Balbi Gustavo G M , Voss Anne 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterised by venous thrombosis (VT) or arterial thrombosis (AT) and/or pregnancy morbidity and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) hold several advantages to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for prevention of thrombosis and we wish to evaluate DOACs compared with VKAs in secondary prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with APS.MethodsWe conducted searches of the published literature using relevant data sources (MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL), and of trial registers for unpublished data and ongoing trials. We included randomised trials examining individuals >18 years with APS classified according to the criteria valid when the trial was carried out. Randomised controlled trials had to examine any DOAC agent compared with any comparable drug. We tabulated all occurrences of events from all eligible randomised trials. Due to few events, ORs and 95% CIs were calculated using the Peto method.Results5 randomised trials comprising 624 patients met the predefined eligibility criteria. The primary outcome measure was new thrombotic events, a composite endpoint of any VT or AT, during the VKA-controlled phase of treatment. According to the I2inconsistency index, there was evidence of statistical heterogeneity across the studies (I2=60%). Across trials, 29 and 10 thrombotic events were observed in 305 and 319 patients with APS treated with DOAC and VKA, respectively, corresponding to a combined Peto OR of 3.01 (95% CI 1.56 to 5.78, p=0.001). There was a significantly increased risk of AT while treated with DOACs compared with VKA (OR 5.5 (2.5, 12.1) p<0.0001), but no difference in the risk of VT (p=0.87). We found no significant difference in risk of bleeding.ConclusionsDOACs were associated with a significant increase in the risk of a new thrombotic event, especially AT, favouring standard prophylaxis with warfarin.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019126720.
Comparison between primary Sjögren’s disease patients with high or low level of dryness
Authors: Kachaner Alexandra , Bergé Elisabeth , Desmoulins Fréderic , Le Pajolec Christine , Rousseau Antoine , Labetoulle Marc , Nocturne Gaétane , Mariette Xavier , Seror Raphaele 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesTo describe primary Sjögren’s disease (SjD) patients presenting no or low level of dryness and to compare them with SjD patients with oral or ocular dryness features.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with SjD according to AECG or ACR/EULAR criteria in our tertiary reference centre were included. Patients with high or low subjective symptoms or objective signs of dryness were compared.ResultsOverall, 509 patients were included for the comparison of patients with high (n=456) or low (n=53) level of subjective dryness and 472 for the comparison of patients with (n=359) or without (n=113) high objective dryness. Compared with patients with subjective dryness, patients without high subjective dryness were significantly younger (median 49 (39–62) years vs 58 (47–67) years, p<0.01), diagnosed earlier (median time from first symptoms to diagnosis 2 (0.5–4.5) years vs 4 (1–9.25), p=0.0056), more frequently anti-SSA positive ((83% vs 64%, p=0.008) and had less focal sialadenitis in minor salivary gland biopsy (69% vs 83%, p=0.02).The patients without high level of objective dryness (n=113) were also younger (51 (41–60) vs 58 (47–67) years, p<0.001) and were more frequently anti-SSA positive (79% vs 63%, p=0.002).In both groups, no difference was observed regarding disease activity.ConclusionsAmong the patients with SjD, those without high subjective or objective dryness features had a younger profile, a faster diagnosis which may result from a more acute onset, were more frequently anti-SSA positive than patients with high dryness features.
Consumption of sucralose- and acesulfame-potassium-containing diet soda alters the relative abundance of microbial taxa at the species level: findings of two pilot studies
Authors: Sylvetsky Allison C. , Clement Rebecca A. , Stearrett Nathaniel , Issa Najy T. , Dore Fiona J. , Mazumder Raja , King Charles Hadley , Hubal Monica J. , Walter Peter J. , Cai Hongyi , Sen Sabyasachi , Rother Kristina I. , Crandall Keith A. 
Published: October 2023

Sucralose and acesulfame-potassium consumption alters gut microbiota in rodents, with unclear effects in humans. We examined effects of three-times daily sucralose- and acesulfame-potassium-containing diet soda consumption for 1 ( n = 17) or 8 ( n = 8) weeks on gut microbiota composition in young adults. After 8 weeks of diet soda consumption, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, specifically Enterobacteriaceae, increased; and, increased abundance of two Proteobacteria taxa was also observed after 1 week of diet soda consumption compared with sparkling water. In addition, three taxa in the Bacteroides genus increased following 1 week of diet soda consumption compared with sparkling water. The clinical relevance of these findings and effects of sucralose and acesulfame-potassium consumption on human gut microbiota warrant further investigation in larger studies. Clinical trial registration: NCT02877186 and NCT03125356.