bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Entertainment to Art and Back to Ritual
Authors: Sutton R Anderson 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many parts of the world during the twentieth century have seen the commodification of musical and dance forms once rooted in ritual practice. As these forms are secularized and restructured to conform with commercial expectations and packaged for diverse (and often uninformed) paying audiences, local practitioners often despair at the disempowerment of locally rooted traditions, and in response may adopt various oppositional tactics. In this chapter I would like to address a set of responses spearheaded by a small group of artist-intellectuals in Makassar, who have been attempting—often in ways that startle the local population—to revitalize local performance through its re-ritualization. In the process, I will also address the notion of a “work of art,” the presentation of mock ceremony as “art,” and the creative and performing “artist” in lowland South Sulawesi as these concepts have developed in recent decades.
Mentors: The Young Person’s Friend
Authors: Bryan Charles S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Osler attributed his success not only to hard work and career planning but also to a rich net­ work of interpersonal relationships. He recognized that what makes or breaks our luck more often than not is the quality of our bonds with fellow humans. In his formative years, he sought out older people who could offer knowledge, skills, and insights. In his maturity, he sought out younger people who could magnify his effectiveness and ensure his legacy. Such relationships are now taught as mentoring, today’s buzzword for an ancient concept.
Mentor in Greek legend was the faithful servant and advisor to Ulysses, king of Ithaca. Embarking for the Trojan war, Ulysses left his wife, Penelope, and his son, Telemachus, under Mentor’s care.
ADHD: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children, Adolescents, and Adults
Authors: Wender Paul H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Paul Wender is a pioneer researcher and clinician who was one of the first to identify and treat children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and later to notice the same pattern of symptoms in the parents of these children. He has now thoroughly revised and updated his classic handbook on the subject, adding more case histories, expanding the section on adults, and outlining the new drug treatments that have appeared since the last edition. Reviewing what is known about ADHD, its symptoms, its life course, its etiology, the usefulness of various treatments, and the value to the patient of education about the disorder, Wender brings together a wealth of information not available in any other volume. A clinician who has treated patients with ADHD for many years, he offers compelling firsthand accounts from men and women who offer dramatic insight into what it feels like to have ADHD and how it responds to medical treatment. Combining the insights of his clinical practice with his innovative research on pharmacological treatments of psychiatric disorders, Wender offers a wealth of practical information on where to seek help, the kinds and reliability of diagnostic tests, and the different approaches to treatment. He also identifies the drug treatments that can dramatically reduce symptoms and, when necessary, render patients more amenable to treatment for any residual psychological symptoms. The classic work on this ailment, ADHD is an indispensable source of help, hope, and understanding for parents and adults who suspect that they or someone they care about may suffer from this much misunderstood disorder.
Russell: Loftily Earthy and Earthily Lofty
Authors: Mcginn Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This first full-scale, sedulously researched and copiously documented biography of Russell conducts us unhurriedly from his childhood at Pembroke Lodge, Richmond, up through his early Cambridge years. Thence we are led to his first marriage and its pathetic demise, his opposition to World War I, via his passionate and enduring attachments to Lady Ottoline Morrell and Lady Constance Malleson (Colette), to his later marriages, American sojourns, and steady emergence into the public eye, culminating in his efforts to secure a safe nuclear arms policy. En route we are treated to a chronicle of British intellectual and political life from 1872 to 1970, with illuminating sidelights on such notables as D. H. Lawrence, Wittgenstein, and the Webbs. The result is a thoroughly workmanlike and well-rounded portrait of Russell.
Mr. Clark succeeds in conveying, amid the welter of detail, a strong sense of the man: compounded of a dominating (of others as well as himself) and aristocratic intellect, a passionate and romantic nature, tempered (one might almost say civilized) by ironic humor and a fair measure of ordinary human kindness. The style and stance adopted by Mr Clark are greatly unobtrusive, the story unfolded with a minimum of psychological probing and authorial judgment. Particularly revealing are the contemporary letters and journal entries, which suggest an immediacy of feeling sometimes lacking in the retrospections of Russell’s own Autobiography.
Russell: The Machine in the Ghost
Authors: Mcginn Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Reading a biography is always at the same time an act of autobiography-an act of self-reflection and self-evaluation. As one absorbs the life of the subject, one is forced to go over the events and themes of one’s own life, making comparisons and drawing lessons. This can be an uncomfortable experience. In the case of Bertrand Russell and me there is a special edginess to the process. Although I never met him, I read Russell with great fervor and fire at around the age of twenty, devouring as many of his books as I could. His autobiography was a particularly potent influence upon me, with its mixture of extreme intellectualism and emotional idealism. I let myself be thoroughly Russellized. He has been a voice in my head ever since. (How many others have been indelibly marked by the Russell persona?) I admit that I idolized the man.
It is not that this callow worshipfulness has remained constant. There has been the small matter of my own life to live, and reading (and reviewing) two earlier biographies of Russell-by Ronald Clark and Caroline Moorehead-did much to dampen my idolatry. But ploughing through Ray Monk’s massive, thorough, and probing first volume has been an especially chastening experience, as it will be for all Russell worshippers. This is not because, as might be expected, I find my admiration for Russell seriously dented-though it is certainly qualified; rather, it is the sheer unhappiness of the man that is so disturbing.
Peirce: Logic and Sadness
Authors: Mcginn Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The view of truth and reality that he proposed in that sentence, and in his many writings, inverts the conception that has some claim to be regarded as standard: that inquiry indeed aims at discovering truth, and hence at uncovering reality, but that there is always a logical gap, capable of provoking skepticism, between the beliefs that inquiry yields and the facts that it aims to represent. No matter how hard you try to be right, you might always be wrong, however plural “you” are. The truth of a belief can never consist in its being believed, even when it is arrived at by the utmost diligence. But Peirce closes this ominous gap between belief and truth by defining truth in terms of the eschatology of inquiry: truth simply is that which competent inquirers will eventually come to agree it is. It follows that when doubt and disagreement cease, truth will be the inevitable result.
Penrose: Past Computation
Authors: Mcginn Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Consciousness has recently come to be cast as the fairground coconut of contemporary thought: everyone wants a crack at knocking it from its pedestal and then splitting it open to reveal the secret inner gleam. Book upon book, theory upon theory, has been hurled at the tough bristly nut of consciousness, with the hope of at least grazing the big prize-the missiles invariably falling limply at the thrower’s feet or splashing wildly into some nearby goldfish bowl. The target has proved exasperatingly elusive. There hasbeen much gleeful jeering at the form of other contestants and manly displays of theoretical bravado. Some fret pessimistically over whether the balls supplied are even capable of the appropriate trajectory. But there is always someone out there who believes that he hasjust the right arm for the job. And think of the glory!
Lycan et al.: Imagining an Orgasm
Authors: Mcginn Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The more philosophically interesting a science, the less secure or transparent are apt to be its theoretical foundations, given that philosophy thrives on perplexity. It is some time since chemistry produced much of a reaction in philosophers, but biology can still get their juices flowing, though not so freely as in the days of the Bergsonian elan vital. Quantum physics is a contemporary focus of philosophical attention—despite the suspicion of some that it is only a dispensable antirealism that generates the putative puzzles. Mathematics induces periodic bouts of fascination, even of deep distrust—as with Brouwer and Wittgenstein—but its rigor and finality tend to keep the perplexities at bay. In the case of psychology, however, philosophical interest reaches its highest pitch, and never more so than at present: perhaps to the chagrin of practicing psychologists, philosophers are now very interested in what they are doing—or at any rate in what they ought to be doing.
Fodor: Using Common Sense
Authors: Mcginn Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is the scientific status of commonsense psychology? Should it be taken as a sound basis from which to build a psychological science—needing to be deepened and extended, certainly, but right in essentials? Or should it be discarded wholesale as so much outworn superstition, fit only to be replaced by some quite new kind of theoretical structure? The latter attitude prevailed during much of the infancy and adolescence of scientific psychology, but the former attitude seems to be gaining ground in the (relatively) mature period we know as cognitive science.
Davidson: Cooling It
Authors: Mcginn Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Donald Davidson is perhaps the most distinguished philosopher in history never to have written a book. Indeed, he did not get round to writing articles until he was into his forties (he is now seventy-six). Yet those articles—short, intense, allusive, hard—have changed the shape of contemporary analytical philosophy. They were in mid spate when I was a graduate student at Oxford in the early seventies, and they acted as a kind of philosophical IQ test for the young philosophers of my generation. I well remember poring with tormented excitement over “Truth and Meaning” and “Mental Events,” two of the most influential (and contested) articles of recent times. These cryptic texts gave the impression of well-honed conjuring tricks, in which the deepest of problems were given tantalizingly rigorous and ingenious solutions. In those days you were either a “Davidsonian” or you weren’t; you certainly had to find out where you stood. But it wasn’t easy, because each Davidson article presupposed the others, and they assumed you were good at logic. It became clear that Davidson had a system, but it needed to be pieced together by the reader, as best he or she could. Puzzlement about a particular Davidson piece would be met with a knowing look from the initiated and the query “But have you read ‘In Defence of Convention T’?” The very plainness of his name (often transmuted to David Donaldson) lent an aura of mystique to the plosive economy of the Davidson corpus.
Kripke: Naming and Necessity
Authors: Mcginn Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Saul Kripke’s brilliant and very influential article, “Naming and Necessity,” appeared in 1972 in Semantics of Natural Language (edited by Davidson and Harman), having been transcribed from a series of unscripted lectures delivered at Princeton University in 1970. Now we have the record of those lectures in book form, accompanied by a new preface, in which the author dates the origin of his ideas from 1963-64.
As Kripke anticipates, those acquainted with the original article will be disappointed by the present publication, for the text is virtually unaltered and the preface is mainly given over to repeating points already contained in the earlier work for the benefit of readers for whom they were not crystal clear. It is not that Kripke thinks there are no genuine objections to take uphe admits to certain “substantive problems with the monograph”-but we are not told what these problems are, nor which passages he would (if he could) revise or expand. Indeed, he invites readers to judge for themselves which criticisms of his views are frivolous and which serious. It would have been interesting to know Kripke’s own assessment of some of the many queries that have been raised over the past decade.
Pluhar: Born Free
Authors: Mcginn Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Strange to say, not all human institutions owe their existence to sound moral reasoning-not even those that have proved themselves most durable. Monarchy, slavery, patriarchy, dictatorship, child labor: these practices were sustained by power and advantage, not by their invulnerability to moral criticism. Spurious moral defenses, often bizarrely ingenious, have grown up around these practices, enabling their beneficiaries to soothe their consciences or to ward off their critics, but few would now pretend that these exercises of power enjoy any defensible ethical rationale. The suggestion that slaves were made to be exploited, by God or nature, would not now be received as anything other than self-serving delusion. Enslaved persons have their inherent moral rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and the institution of slavery violates these rights. This may not have been obvious then, but it is a platitude now.
In recent decades, we have grown used to hearing a comparable claim made on behalf of animals. It is said that they, too, are the victims of unjust exploitation. We humans use them as means to our ends, without regard for their inalienable rights. We treat animals in ways that are contrary to their interests-as when we eat them, confine them, experiment on them, hunt them, wear their skins-and this is a plain violation of moral principle. We are, in effect, discriminating against animals on the basis of their species.
A Revolutionary Formation
Authors: Erkkila Betsy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The publication of Leaves of Grasson or about July 4, 1855, was an act of revolution, an assault on the institutions of old-world culture that was as experimental and far-reaching in the artistic sphere as the American revolt against England had been in the political sphere. Everything about the book, including its date of publication, was revolutionary. Designed by Whitman and printed at his own expense, the volume was quarto sized, with clusters of leaves embossed on its dark green cover; the title, which was printed in gold, sprouted lush roots and leaves, suggesting the motifs of growth, fertility, luxuriance, and regeneration that figure throughout the poems. With its visual iconography of roots taking shape as Leaves of Grassand its verbal pun on leaves as pages and pages as grass, the title challenged traditional notions of poetic taste by suggesting the common, local, and democratic ground out of which American literature emerged. The title page bears no author’s name, only the title Leaves of Grassand the date and place of publication: Brooklyn, New York: 1855. Whit-man inscribed his authorial signature not in a name but in an engraved frontispiece of himself dressed as a day labourer in workingman’s trousers, a shirt unbuttoned to reveal his undershirt, and a hat cocked jauntily on his head (Figure I).
The Poet of Slaves and the Masters of Slaves
Authors: Erkkila Betsy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For Whitman, as for the American people, it was the issue of slavery more than any other that tested the nation’s moral and political bounds. As editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle,he faced for the first time the central paradox of the American republic: the contradiction between republican ideology and the reality of an economy of masters and slaves. This contra-diction had roots in the foundation of the republic itself. In a letter to his friend John Holmes, Jefferson commented on his own and the national dilemma over slavery: “We have the wolf by the ears, and we can neither hold him, nor safely let him go.”1 Divided between his fears for the Union, property, and the safety of the race and a revolutionary ideology that committed him to the liberation of all slaves, Jefferson in his wolf image aptly reflected the dilemma of the American republic. As a journalist and political activist during the 1840s and then as a poet, Whitman took Jefferson’s and the nation’s wolf by the ears. Like the controversy over slavery in the political sphere, Whitman’s response to the issue of slavery in the 1840s and 1850s triggered a crisis of democratic faith. As he attempted to resolve the paradox of slavery in the American republic by drawing on revolutionary ideology, he adopted increasingly radical postures. Inscribed with the contradictions of an entire culture, slavery is in many ways the original text of America, and it was in response to this text, in the heat of the slavery controversy, that Whitman made the final passage from party journalist to political poet.
Introduction
Authors: Jones Howard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In early 1949 the New York Times’s veteran correspondent in Athens, Anne O’Hare McCormick, observed that the Truman Doctrine had involved the United States in “a new kind of war” against communist-led guerrillas in Greece. The conflict was dark and murky, a war in the shadows characterized by enemies difficult to define or even to see, and by a search for victory not measurable in territorial terms or human and material loss. The enemy rarely wore uniforms, often fought with confiscated weapons, usually relied upon non-conventional warfare, and nearly always received supplies and shelter from neighboring communist countries. Battlefronts seldom existed, for the guerrillas preferred the terrorist tactics of raiding, pillaging, sniping, and abducting villagers and townspeople into their small but effective force. Communist propagandists kept the atmosphere tense by attacking America for pursuing imperial interests and opposing the popular will. In the United Nations and other public forums, the United States sought to defend its actions while attributing a large measure of the turmoil in Greece to outside communist forces.
Dénouement
Authors: Jones Howard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the summer of 1949, the war was clearly turning in the government’s favor. Yugoslavia’s reductions in aid to the guerrillas were having a serious impact on their war effort. The Greek army was severely restricting the guerrillas’ contact with the rural population, leading to a sharp decline in abductions and to larger and more rapid withdrawals to the north. Aid from Albania and Bulgaria continued, although not on the scale formerly provided by the Yugoslavs. The key to peace was a normalization of relations between Greece and Yugoslavia, which would result in a complete cessation of Yugoslav assistance to the guerrillas.
Legalistic Retributivism
Authors: Moore Kathleen Dean 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The roots of the views that I have chosen to group under the title ‘legalistic retributivism’ go back beyond Kant at least to St. Thomas Aquinas. In the twentieth century, a tentative version of legalistic retributivitism appeared in H. L. A. Hart’s The Concept of Law. In its most recent form, legalistic retributivism is a combination of several ideas of Kant, filtered through the rational contractarian views of John Rawls, and given various forms by Herbert Morris, Jeffrie Murphy, John Finnis, and Michael Davis, among others.
Deserving Punishment and Deserving Pardon
Authors: Moore Kathleen Dean 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to the retributivist theories outlined in the preceding chapters, punishment is justified because people sometimes deserve punishment and because it is just to give people what they deserve. This is a particularly unhelpful formula. Unhelpful, that is, unless there is some way to know when people deserve punishment-to know what kinds of facts about people, their acts, and/or their circumstances have the moral credentials to justify punishment.
How Presidential Pardoning Practices Should Be Changed
Authors: Moore Kathleen Dean 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The questions asked so far have been hypothetical: If retributivist principles of justice were adopted, what would pardoning practices be like? What would ‘pardon’ mean? When could pardons be granted? The answers have sketched a version of pardon as a duty of justice: Pardons would be granted only to people who deserved to be pardoned, for no reasons other than that they deserved to be pardoned and that it is just to give people what they deserve.
self-Deception, Rationalization, and the Ethics of Belief
Authors: Audi Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Self-deception is a philosophically challenging subject. It interests psychologists as well as philosophers, and it raises important ethical questions about the scope of moral responsibility and the ethics of belief. There is, however, continuing disagreement over whether self-deception is to be explained, or explained away. Construed literally, the notion suggests that self-deceivers both believe and disbelieve the same proposition: believing it as victims of deception, disbelieving it as perpetrators. Literalists often seek to show how believing and disbelieving the same proposition is possible; other literalists contend that this is irreducibly paradoxical and self-deception thus impossible; still others have argued that taking the term literally does not entail a complete analogy with other-person deception.
Appraisability, Autonomy, and Control
Authors: Haji Ishtiyaque 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ancient wisdom counsels that appraisability requires control. I have proposed that the relevant type of control is volitional control; an agent’s action must be under the control of her practical reasoning if she is to be morally appraisable for it. If this is so, then there is a forthright explanation of why Bond is not blame worthy for killing Smernof in Secret Agent, one of the cases with which we began. Recall, in Secret Agent, Bond is the puppet of Xenia. By electronically controlling his brain, Xenia implants in Bond a powerful near-irresistible desire to kill Smernof, together with the beliefs that the desire is irresistible and that it is Bond’s moral (and professional) duty to kill Smernof.
Wrapping Up: Some Final Thoughts
Authors: Haji Ishtiyaque 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In some of the past chapters, I have attempted to uncover conditions that are necessary and sufficient for moral appraisability for intentional actions. The conditions are recorded in principle Appraisability, which has three central constituents: a control constituent, which says that the sort of control required for moral appraisability is volitional control; an epistemic one, which-stripped down to its core-says that in order for an agent to be morally appraisable for an action, the agent must believe she is doing something wrong or morally amiss, or she is either executing her moral duty or at least doing what is morally permissible by performing that action; and finally, an authenticity constituent, which says that the agent’s action for which she is appraisable must issue from actional springs that are “truly her own.”