bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between triglyceride glucose index and collateral circulation formation in patients with chronic total occlusion of coronary arteries in different glucose metabolic states
Authors: Zhu Junwei , Niu Minghui , Wang Chenxing , Liang Ying , Guo Rong , He Fei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
To investigate the correlation between triglyceride glucose index (TyG) and collateral circulation in patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO) of coronary arteries in different glucose metabolic states.

Methods
A total of 681 patients who underwent coronary angiography between January 2020 and December 2021 to determine the presence of CTO lesions in at least one major coronary artery were retrospectively included in this study. Patients were categorized into a group with poor collateral circulation formation (Rentrop grade 0–1, n = 205) and a group with good collateral circulation formation (Rentrop grade 2–3, n = 476) according to the Rentrop scale. They were also categorized according to their glucose metabolism status: normal glucose regulation (NGR) (n = 139), prediabetes mellitus (Pre-DM) (n = 218), and diabetes mellitus (DM) (n = 324). Correlation between TyG index and collateral circulation formation was analyzed by logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results
Among patients with CTO, TyG index was significantly higher in the group with poor collateral circulation formation than in the group with good collateral circulation formation. Logistic regression analysis showed that TyG index was an independent risk factor for poor collateral circulation formation (OR 5.104, 95% CI 3.323–7.839, P < 0.001). The accuracy of TyG index in predicting collateral circulation formation was evaluated by the ROC curve, which had an area under the curve of 0.779 (95% CI 0.738–0.820, P < 0.001). The restrictive cubic spline curves showed that the risk of poor collateral circulation formation in the Pre-DM and DM groups was initially flat and finally increased rapidly, except for the NGR group. TyG index was significantly associated with an increased risk of poor collateral circulation formation in the Pre-DM and DM groups.

Conclusions
TyG index was significantly associated with the risk of poor collateral circulation formation in patients with CTO, especially those with Pre-DM and DM.
Sex differences in the association between insulin resistance and non-fatal myocardial infarction across glycaemic states
Authors: Riccio Alessia , Fortin Elena , Mellbin Linda , Norhammar Anna , Näsman Per , Rydén Lars , Sesti Giorgio , Ferrannini Giulia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Females are generally less prone to cardiovascular (CV) events than males, but this protection is trumped by diabetes. The mechanism behind the increased relative risk in females with diabetes is not fully understood. Insulin resistance (IR) is suggested to be a more important contributor to CV morbidity in females than in males. We aim to investigate differences in the association between IR indexes (Homeostatic Model Assessment of IR - HOMA-IR, visceral adiposity index – VAI, and triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol - TG/HDL-C index), and a first non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) across different glycaemic states.

Methods
IR indexes were calculated in a population with (n = 696) and without (n = 707) a first non-fatal MI, free from known diabetes. MI cases were investigated at least six weeks after the event. All participants were categorized by an oral glucose tolerance test as having normal glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or newly diagnosed diabetes. Comparison of proportion of glycaemic states by sex was tested by chi-square test. The associations between sex, a first non-fatal MI, IR indexes, and traditional CV risk factors were analysed by multivariate logistic regression models. Continuous variables were logarithmically transformed.

Results
Of the total population 19% were females and 81% males, out of whom 47% and 50% had a first non-fatal MI, respectively. Compared with males, females were older, less often smokers, with lower body mass index and higher total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The proportion of glycaemic states did not differ between the sexes (p = 0.06). Females were less insulin resistant than males, especially among cases and with normal glucose tolerance. In logistic regression models adjusted for major CV risk factors including sex, the associations between VAI and TG/HDL-C index and a first non-fatal MI remained significant only in females (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals: 1.7, 1.0-2.9, and 1.9, 1.1–3.4 respectively).

Conclusions
These results support the assumption that IR indexes based on anthropometrics and lipid panel, i.e., VAI and TG/HDL-C, could be a better measure of IR and CV-predictor for non-fatal MI in females, even without glycaemic perturbations.
The skin autofluorescence may help to select patients with Type 2 diabetes candidates for screening to revascularization procedures
Authors: Alkhami Fadi , Borderie Gauthier , Foussard Ninon , Larroumet Alice , Blanco Laurence , Barbet-Massin Marie-Amélie , Ferriere Amandine , Ducos Claire , Mohammedi Kamel , Fawaz Sami , Couffinhal Thierry , Rigalleau Vincent 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChen et al. recently related the skin autofluorescence (SAF) of Advanced Glycation End-products to subclinical cardiovascular disease in the 3001 participants from the general population (Rotterdam study), with a particularly close relationship for the 413 subjects with diabetes. Because conventional vascular risk factors do not capture the risk in diabetes very well, this relationship may help to select high-risk individuals for the screening of silent myocardial ischemia, which has yet to prove its benefit in randomized controlled trials. Among 477 patients with uncontrolled and/or complicated Type 2 Diabetes, we measured the SAF ten years ago, and we registered new revascularizations during a 54-months follow-up. The patients with SAF > 2.6 Arbitrary units (AUs), the median population value, experienced more revascularizations of the coronary (17/24) and lower-limb arteries (13/17) than patients with a lower SAF, adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, vascular complications, and smoking habits: HR 2.17 (95% CI: 1.05–4.48), p = 0.035. The SAF has already been reported to predict cardiovascular events in three cohorts of people with diabetes. We suggest that its measurement may help to improve the performance of the screening before vascular explorations and revascularizations.
Association of the triglyceride glucose-body mass index with the extent of coronary artery disease in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Yang Xueyuan , Li Kui , Wen Jiaojiao , Yang Changlong , Li Yunhang , Xu Guanxue , Ma Yi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Studies have shown that insulin resistance is strongly associated with the development of cardiovascular disease, and the triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI index) is considered to be a reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance. There are limited studies on the relationship between TyG-BMI index and the extent of coronary artery disease in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between TyG-BMI index and the extent of coronary artery disease in patients with ACS.

Methods
Overall, 2,317 patients with ACS who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University were included in this study. The TyG-BMI index was grouped according to the tertile method. The extent of coronary artery disease in patients with ACS was quantitatively assessed using the SYNTAX score, which was categorised as low (≤ 22), intermediate (23–32), and high risk (≥ 33).

Results
In the overall population, multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that TyG-BMI index was associated with mid/high SYNTAX score in patients with ACS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.0041; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0000–1.0079; p = 0.0310). Subgroup analyses showed that TyG-BMI index was an independent risk factor for mid/high SYNTAX score in female ACS patients after adjusting for multiple confounders (OR = 1.0100; 95% CI = 1.0000–1.0200; p = 0.0050), and that the risk of mid/high SYNTAX score was 2.49 times higher in the T3 group (OR = 2.4900; 95% CI = 1.2200–5.0600; p = 0.0120). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a linear correlation between TyG-BMI index and complex coronary artery disease (SYNTAX score > 22) in women with ACS. In female ACS patients, inclusion of the TyG-BMI index did not improve the predictive power of the underlying risk model (net reclassification improvement: 0.0867 [-0.0256–0.1989], p = 0.1301; integrated discrimination improvement: 0.0183 [0.0038–0.0329], p = 0.0135).

Conclusions
TyG-BMI index is linearly associated with the degree of complex coronary artery disease in female ACS patients. However, the inclusion of the TyG-BMI index did not improve the predictive power of the underlying risk model for female ACS patients.
Isolation and characterization of Candida tropicalis B: a promising yeast strain for biodegradation of petroleum oil in marine environments
Authors: Hegazy Ghada E. , Soliman Nadia A. , Farag Soha , El-Helow Ehab R. , Yusef Hoda Y. , Abdel-Fattah Yasser R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe increasing interest in environmental protection laws has compelled companies to regulate the disposal of waste organic materials. Despite efforts to explore alternative energy sources, the world remains heavily dependent on crude petroleum oil and its derivatives. The expansion of the petroleum industry has significant implications for human and environmental well-being. Bioremediation, employing living microorganisms, presents a promising approach to mitigate the harmful effects of organic hydrocarbons derived from petroleum. This study aimed to isolate and purify local yeast strains from oil-contaminated marine water samples capable of aerobically degrading crude petroleum oils and utilizing them as sole carbon and energy sources. One yeast strain (isolate B) identified as Candida tropicalis demonstrated high potential for biodegrading petroleum oil in seawater. Physiological characterization revealed the strain’s ability to thrive across a wide pH range (4–11) with optimal growth at pH 4, as well as tolerate salt concentrations ranging from 1 to 12%. The presence of glucose and yeast extract in the growth medium significantly enhanced the strain's biomass formation and biodegradation capacity. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the yeast cell diameter varied based on the medium composition, further emphasizing the importance of organic nitrogenous sources for initial growth. Furthermore, the yeast strain exhibited remarkable capabilities in degrading various aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, with a notable preference for naphthalene and phenol at 500 and 1000 mg/l, naphthalene removal reached 97.4% and 98.6%, and phenol removal reached 79.48% and 52.79%, respectively. Optimization experiments using multi-factorial sequential designs highlighted the influential role of oil concentration on the bioremediation efficiency of Candida tropicalis strain B. Moreover, immobilized yeast cells on thin wood chips demonstrated enhanced crude oil degradation compared to thick wood chips, likely due to increased surface area for cell attachment. These findings contribute to our understanding of the potential of Candida tropicalis for petroleum oil bioremediation in marine environments, paving the way for sustainable approaches to address oil pollution.
Evaluation of malaria outbreak detection methods, Uganda, 2022
Authors: Zalwango Marie Gorreti , Zalwango Jane F. , Kadobera Daniel , Bulage Lilian , Nanziri Carol , Migisha Richard , Agaba Bosco B. , Kwesiga Benon , Opigo Jimmy , Ario Alex Riolexus , Harris Julie R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Malaria outbreaks are detected by applying the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended thresholds (the less sensitive 75th percentile or mean + 2 standard deviations [2SD] for medium-to high-transmission areas, and the more sensitive cumulative sum [C-SUM] method for low and very low-transmission areas). During 2022, > 50% of districts in Uganda were in an epidemic mode according to the 75th percentile method used, resulting in a need to restrict national response to districts with the highest rates of complicated malaria. The three threshold approaches were evaluated to compare their outbreak-signaling outputs and help identify prioritization approaches and method appropriateness across Uganda.

Methods
The three methods were applied as well as adjusted approaches (85th percentile and C-SUM + 2SD) for all weeks in 2022 for 16 districts with good reporting rates ( ≥ 80%). Districts were selected from regions originally categorized as very low, low, medium, and high transmission; district thresholds were calculated based on 2017–2021 data and re-categorized them for this analysis.

Results
Using district-level data to categorize transmission levels resulted in re-categorization of 8/16 districts from their original transmission level categories. In all districts, more outbreak weeks were detected by the 75th percentile than the mean + 2SD method (p < 0.001). For all 9 very low or low-transmission districts, the number of outbreak weeks detected by C-SUM were similar to those detected by the 75th percentile. On adjustment of the 75th percentile method to the 85th percentile, there was no significant difference in the number of outbreak weeks detected for medium and low transmission districts. The number of outbreak weeks detected by C-SUM + 2SD was similar to those detected by the mean + 2SD method for all districts across all transmission intensities.

Conclusion
District data may be more appropriate than regional data to categorize malaria transmission and choose epidemic threshold approaches. The 75th percentile method, meant for medium- to high-transmission areas, was as sensitive as C-SUM for low- and very low-transmission areas. For medium and high-transmission areas, more outbreak weeks were detected with the 75th percentile than the mean + 2SD method. Using the 75th percentile method for outbreak detection in all areas and the mean + 2SD for prioritization of medium- and high-transmission areas in response may be helpful.
Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from lower respiratory tract samples between 2002 and 2019 in the Central Slovenia region
Authors: Hrovat Katja , Molan Katja , Seme Katja , Ambrožič Avguštin Jerneja 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious global health problems and threatens the effective treatment of bacterial infections. Of greatest concern are infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC). The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of ESBL-EC isolated over an 18-year pre-COVID period from lower respiratory tract (LRT) samples collected from selected Slovenian hospitals.

Objectives and methods
All isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF and phenotypically confirmed as ESBLs by a disk diffusion assay. Using a PCR approach, 487 non-repetitive isolates were assigned to phylogroups, sequence type groups, and clonal groups. Isolates were also screened for virulence-associated genes (VAGs) and antimicrobial resistance genes.

Results
The prevalence of ESBL-EC isolates from LRT in a large university hospital was low (1.4%) in 2005 and increased to 10.8% by 2019. The resistance profile of 487 non-repetitive isolates included in the study showed a high frequency of group 1 blaCTX-M (77.4%; n = 377), blaTEM (54.4%; n = 265) and aac(6')-Ib-cr (52%; n = 253) genes and a low proportion of blaSHV and qnr genes. Isolates were predominantly assigned to phylogroup B2 (73.1%; n = 356), which was significantly associated with clonal group ST131. The ST131 group accounted for 67.6% (n = 329) of all isolates and had a higher number of virulence factor genes than the non-ST131 group. The virulence gene profile of ST131 was consistent with that of other extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains and was significantly associated with ten of sixteen virulence factor genes tested. Using ERIC-PCR fingerprinting, isolates with the same ERIC-profile in samples from different patients, and at different locations and sampling dates were confirmed, indicating the presence of “hospital-adapted” strains.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the ESBL-EC isolates from LRT do not represent a specific pathotype, but rather resemble other ExPEC isolates, and may be adapted to the hospital environment. To our knowledge, this is the first study of ESBL-EC isolated from LRT samples collected over a long period of time.
Genomic diversity of β-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Iran; the impact of global high-risk clones
Authors: Ahmadi Nazila , Salimizand Himen , Zomorodi Abolfazl Rafati , Abbas Jalileh Ebn , Ramazanzadeh Rashid , Haghi Fakhri , Hassanzadeh Sepideh , Jahantigh Mojdeh , Shahin Mojtaba 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Hospital-acquired infections caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa incline hospital stay and costs of treatment that resulted in an increased mortality rate. The frequency of P. aeruginosa high-risk clones producing carbapenemases was investigated in our clinical samples.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 155 non-repetitive P. aeruginosa isolates were included from different medical centers of Iran. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was determined, and the presence of β-lactamases were sought by phenotypic and genotypic methods. The clonal relationship of all isolates was investigated, and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was used for finding the sequence types of carbapenemase-producers.

Results
The agent with highest percent susceptibility rate was recorded for colistin (94.9%). MOX and FOX were found both as low as 1.95% (3/155). The most frequent narrow spectrum β-lactamase was SHV with 7.7% (12/155) followed by PER, OXA-1, and TEM with the frequency of 7.1% (11/155), 3.2% (5/155), and 1.3% (2/155), respectively. Carbapenemases were detected in 28 isolates (18%). The most frequent carbapenemase was IMP with 9% (14/155) followed by NDM, 8.4% (13/155). OXA-48 and VIM were also detected both per one isolate (0.65%). MLST of carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa isolates revealed that ST244, ST664, ST235, and ST357 were spread in subjected clinical settings. REP-PCR uncovered high genomic diversity in our clinical setting.

Conclusion
Clonal proliferation of ST235 strain plays a key role in the propagation of MDR pattern in P. aeruginosa. Our data showed that high-risk clones has distributed in Iran, and programs are required to limit spreading of these clones.
Deciphering tumor microenvironment: CXCL9 and SPP1 as crucial determinants of tumor-associated macrophage polarity and prognostic indicators
Authors: Su Xinming , Liang Chenhao , Chen Ruixiu , Duan Shiwei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) is an intricate system comprised of tumor cells and the surrounding cellular and non-cellular components, exerting a pivotal influence on the initiation and progression of tumors. Exhibiting dynamic and diverse compositions as well as functional states across various tumors and patients, a profound comprehension of its specific internal interactions is indispensable for formulating efficacious anti-cancer treatment strategies. Extensive interactions among various immune cell types within the TME are well-documented, with their phenotypes and abundances closely linked to clinical prognoses. TME research is progressing towards greater complexity and precision, yet, to date, no representative TME biomarkers suitable for clinical applications have been definitively identified and validated. In a recent study, the collaborative actions of CXCL9 and SPP1 (CXCL9:SPP1) were found to collectively dictate the polarity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) within the TME, exerting profound effects on tumor progression and treatment responses. The mutually exclusive expression of CXCL9:SPP1 in the TME not only governs TAM polarity but also exhibits strong correlations with immune cell profiles, antitumor factors, and patient outcomes, significantly influencing prognosis. This article consolidates the significance and prospects of CXCL9:SPP1 as a novel indicator for tumor development and prognosis, while also proposing future research directions and addressing potential challenges in this promising field.
Lipid alterations play a role in the integration of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and anlotinib for the treatment of advanced non–small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Li , Zhang Shuo , Yang Hai-Yan , Zhou Chun-Hua , Xiong Yi , Yang Nong , Tian Ye 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Studies have shown that integrating anlotinib with programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors enhances survival rates among progressive non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients lacking driver mutations. However, not all individuals experience clinical benefits from this therapy. As a result, it is critical to investigate the factors that contribute to the inconsistent response of patients. Recent investigations have emphasized the importance of lipid metabolic reprogramming in the development and progression of NSCLC.

Methods
The objective of this investigation was to examine the correlation between lipid variations and observed treatment outcomes in advanced NSCLC patients who were administered PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors alongside anlotinib. A cohort composed of 30 individuals diagnosed with advanced NSCLC without any driver mutations was divided into three distinct groups based on the clinical response to the combination treatment, namely, a group exhibiting partial responses, a group manifesting progressive disease, and a group demonstrating stable disease. The lipid composition of patients in these groups was assessed both before and after treatment.

Results
Significant differences in lipid composition among the three groups were observed. Further analysis revealed 19 differential lipids, including 2 phosphatidylglycerols and 17 phosphoinositides.

Conclusion
This preliminary study aimed to explore the specific impact of anlotinib in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors on lipid metabolism in patients with advanced NSCLC. By investigating the effects of using both anlotinib and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, this study enhances our understanding of lipid metabolism in lung cancer treatment. The findings from this research provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic approaches and the identification of new therapeutic biomarkers.
A call to create integrated services to better address the needs of migrants who use drugs in Europe
Authors: van Selm Lena , White Trenton M. , Picchio Camila A. , Requena-Méndez Ana , Busz Machteld , Perez Gayo Roberto , Pouille Aline , Gelabert Pedro Mateu , Lazarus Jeffrey V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEach year, thousands of migrants enter the EU. Data on drug use in migrant populations are scarce and inconclusive. However, several risk factors make them particularly vulnerable to engaging in problematic drug use. In this perspective, we summarize the limited information that is available on migrants who use drugs and make a case as to why it is essential to improve access to health and social services, including harm reduction services, for this population. With this aim, we call for the co-creation of integrated services that better address the needs of migrants who use drugs in Europe.