bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical, myopathological, and genetic analysis of 155 Chinese mitochondrial ophthalmoplegia patients with mitochondrial DNA single large deletions
Authors: Zhao Yang , Hou Yue , Zhao Xutong , Liufu Tongling , Yu Meng , Zhang Wei , Xie Zhiying , Zhang Victor Wei , Yuan Yun , Wang Zhaoxia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundProgressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) is a common subtype of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy.ObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate the relationship between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abnormalities, muscle pathology, and clinical manifestations in Chinese patients with single large‐scale mtDNA deletion presenting with PEO.MethodsThis is a retrospective single‐center study. Patients with PEO who had a single large deletion in mitochondrial DNA were included in this study. The associations were analyzed between mtDNA deletion patterns, myopathological changes, and clinical characteristics.ResultsIn total, 155 patients with mitochondrial PEO carrying single large‐scale mtDNA mutations were enrolled, including 137 chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) and 18 Kearns–Sayre syndrome (KSS) patients. The onset ages were 9.61 ± 4.12 in KSS and 20.15 ± 9.06 in CPEO. The mtDNA deletions ranged from 2225 bp to 9131 bp, with m.8470_13446del being the most common. The KSS group showed longer deletions than the CPEO group (p = 0.004). Additionally, a higher number of deleted genes encoding respiratory chain complex subunits (p = 0.001) and tRNA genes (p = 0.009) were also observed in the KSS group. A weak negative correlation between the mtDNA deletion size and ages of onset (p < 0.001, r = −0.369) was observed. The proportion of ragged red fibers, ragged blue fibers, and cytochrome c negative fibers did not correlate significantly with onset ages (p > 0.05). However, a higher percentage of abnormal muscle fibers corresponds to an increased prevalence of exercise intolerance, limb muscle weakness, dysphagia, and cerebellar ataxia.ConclusionWe reported a large Chinese cohort consisting of mitochondrial PEO patients with single large‐scale mtDNA deletions. Our results demonstrated that the length and locations of mtDNA deletions may influence onset ages and clinical phenotypes. The severity of muscle pathology could not only indicate diagnosis but also may be associated with clinical manifestations beyond the extraocular muscles.
Uncertainty propagation in absolute metabolite quantification for in vivo MRS of the human brain
Authors: Instrella Ronald , Juchem Christoph 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeAbsolute spectral quantification is the standard method for deriving estimates of the concentration from metabolite signals measured using in vivo proton MRS (1H‐MRS). This method is often reported with minimum variance estimators, specifically the Cramér‐Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the metabolite signal amplitude's scaling factor from linear combination modeling. This value serves as a proxy for SD and is commonly reported in MRS experiments. Characterizing the uncertainty of absolute quantification, however, depends on more than simply the CRLB. The uncertainties of metabolite‐specific (T1m, T2m), reference‐specific (T1ref, T2ref), and sequence‐specific (TR, TE) parameters are generally ignored, potentially leading to an overestimation of precision. In this study, the propagation of uncertainty is used to derive a comprehensive estimate of the overall precision of concentrations from an internal reference.MethodsThe propagated uncertainty is calculated using analytical derivations and Monte Carlo simulations and subsequently analyzed across a set of commonly measured metabolites and macromolecules. The effect of measurement error from experimentally obtained quantification parameters is estimated using published uncertainties and CRLBs from in vivo 1H‐MRS literature.ResultsThe additive effect of propagated measurement uncertainty from applied quantification correction factors can result in up to a fourfold increase in the concentration estimate's coefficient of variation compared to the CRLB alone. A case study analysis reveals similar multifold increases across both metabolites and macromolecules.ConclusionThe precision of absolute metabolite concentrations derived from 1H‐MRS experiments is systematically overestimated if the uncertainties of commonly applied corrections are neglected as sources of error.
Preparation, characterization, and CO2 permeation testing of cellulose acetate and polyimide blend membranes
Authors: Nayak Bharat , Tanvidkar Priya , Kuncharam Bhanu Vardhan Reddy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMembrane‐based CO2 separation is vital for various applications such as biogas upgradation. Polymer membranes are employed for CO2 separation in the industry. Polymer membranes have a trade‐off between selectivity and permeability. Blending polymers is an emerging approach for altering the gas transport in the membranes. This work investigates the fabrication and characterization of blended biodegradable cellulose acetate (CA) with polyimide (PI). Thermal stability was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and functional groups were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology of membranes is analyzed using field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The blend membranes were tested for separation of CO2 from model biogas (CO2/CH4) at room temperature and a low feed pressure (∼1.5 bar). The CA:PI blend membrane composed of 93% CA and 7% PI showed CO2 permeability of 19.71 Barrer, approximately 206% greater than pure CA, and CO2/CH4 selectivity was 9.42. Experimental results are compared with literature on CA‐based membranes.Highlights
Blend membrane of cellulose acetate (CA) and polyimide (PI)
CO2/CH4 gas permeation testing of membranes using a model biogas mixture
Blend membranes exhibit 206% higher CO2 permeability than pure CA membranes
Blend membranes demonstrated enhanced CO2/CH4 selectivity of 9.42.
Rational design of promising candidates for photoactive layer in polymer solar cells: Insights from computation
Authors: Orenha Renato P. , Ramos Salvador B. , Natal Maria L. L. , Gomes Márcio H. A. , Muñoz‐Castro Alvaro , Madureira Letícia M. P. , Caramori Giovanni F. , Piotrowski Maurício J. , Parreira Renato L. T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe design of organic solar cells, OSCs, requests a more efficient configuration of photoactive layers composed of p‐type (quinoxaline, Qx) and n‐type (naphthalene diimide, NDI) semiconductors that enable light harvesting along with a high‐power conversion efficiency. Here, Qx‐(phenyl or Ph) and NDI structures have been modulated using both electron withdrawing (EWG) and electron donating (EDG) groups such as −F, −NHCOCH3, −OCH3, −OH, −CHO, −COOCH3, −COOH, −CN, −SO3H, and −NO2, aiming to design an effective photoactive p‐n layer. The HOMO‐LUMO gap of Qx‐Ph can be tuned to the visible light spectrum by the addition of EWG in the Qx ring (decreasing the LUMO energy) and by EDG in the Ph ring (increasing the HOMO energy). The analyzed complexes show key electronic properties in organic solar cells with large power conversion efficiency. Descriptive data analysis suggests that the magnitude of the non‐covalent interactions in donor
acceptor (D
A) complexes is expected to play a role in the efficiency of OSCs. The results will contribute to a more effective design of the photoactive layer in OSCs.
Rotini‐like MXene@LCE Actuator with Diverse and Programmable Actuation Based on Dual‐mode Synergy
Authors: Liang Ziwei , Jin Binjie , Zhao Haotian , He Zhenhua , Jiang Zhanghe , Jiang Saihua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLiquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) exhibits muscle‐like actuation upon order‐disturbed stimulus, offering ample room for designing soft robotic systems. Multimodal LCE is demonstrated to unleash the potential to perform multitasks. However, each actuation mode is typically isolated. In contrast, coordination between different actuation modes based on an MXene‐doped LCE is realized, whose actuation can be triggered either by directly heating/cooling or using near‐infrared light due to the photo‐thermal effect of MXene. As such, the two activation modes (heat and light) not only can work individually to offer stable actuation under different conditions but also can collaborate synergistically to generate more intelligent motions, such as achieving the brake and turn of an autonomous rolling. The principle therefore can diversify the design principles for multifunctional soft actuators and robotics.
Remotely Controllable Supramolecular Nanomedicine for Drug‐Resistant Colorectal Cancer Therapy Caused by Fusobacterium nucleatum
Authors: Yan Xiangjie , Xin Youtao , Yu Yunjian , Li Xiaohui , Li Boqiong , Elsabahy Mahmoud , Zhang Jimin , Ma Feihe , Gao Hui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) existing in the community of colorectal cancer (CRC) promotes CRC progression and causes chemotherapy resistance. Despite great efforts that have been made to overcome Fn‐induced chemotherapy resistance by co‐delivering antibacterial agents and chemotherapeutic drugs, increasing the drug‐loading capacity and enabling controlled release of drugs remain challenging. In this study, a novel supramolecular upconversion nanoparticle (SUNP) is constructed by incorporating a positively charged polymer (PAMAM‐LA‐CD) with Fn inhibition capacity, a negatively charged platinum (IV) oxaliplatin prodrug (OXA–COOH), upconversion nanoparticle (UCNPs) and polyethylene glycol–azobenzene (PEG–Azo) to enhance drug‐loading and enable on‐demand drug release for drug‐resistant CRC treatment. SUNPs exhibit high drug‐loading capacity (30.8%) and good structural stability under normal physiological conditions, while disassembled upon exogenous NIR excitation and endogenous azo reductase in the CRC microenvironment to trigger drug release. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that SUNPs presented good biocompatibility and robust performance to overcome chemoresistance, thereby significantly inhibiting Fn‐infected cancer cell proliferation. This study leverages multiple dynamic chemical designs to integrate both advantages of drug loading and release in a single system, which provides a promising candidate for precision therapy of bacterial‐related drug‐resistant cancers.
Impact of computer users on cyber defense strategies
Authors: Colvett Christopher Daniel , Petty Mikel D. , Bland John A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCybersecurity research often focuses primarily or exclusively on the interactions between the attacker, trying to exploit the computer system, and the defender, trying to protect it. However, including the computer users is important because the users’ requirements are the reason the computer system exists.An extension of the Petri net formalism, Petri Nets with Players, Strategies, and Costs (PNPSC) was used to model cyberattacks described in the MITRE Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification database. PNPSC models include the attacker, defender, and computer user as “players” attempting to achieve competing goals. Each player can observe the current marking of a subset of the PNPSC net's places and change the stochastic firing rates of a subset of the net's transitions in order to achieve their goals. A mapping between the markings of a player's observable places and the desired firing rates of player's controllable transitions is the player's strategy.A reinforcement learning algorithm was integrated with PNPSC models of three cyberattack patterns to learn strategies for the defender in simulations both with and without a representation of the computer user. A simulation experiment showed that the defender's reward was lower and the defender's learned strategy was different when the user was represented. A second simulation experiment and statistical analysis confirmed that the differences were not due simply to randomness. With the user represented, the system defender must balance security against usability. This research provides a more complete cyberattack model and shows that user models are important in future cybersecurity simulation.
Cuproptosis‐related lncRNAs ovarian cancer: Multi‐omics analysis of molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Wang Yichen , Liang Qi , Xu Lu , Xiong Jian , Gao Kefei , Xu Ping , Huang Weiming 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOvarian cancer (OV) is an aggressive malignancy that poses a significant threat to the health and lives of women. Cuproptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death that offers a promising therapeutic target, although its significance in cancer progression remains uncertain. In this study, we established a prognostic model of OV with six cuproptosis‐related long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including CTC.246B18.8, LINC00337, RP11.568N6.1, RP11.158I9.8, RP11.678G14.3 and CYP4F26P, based on the data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Lower risk scores were associated with favorable prognosis. In addition, a negative outcome was associated with high expression of CTC.246B18.8. According to the ESTIMATE algorithm, CTC.246B18.8 was negatively correlated with the ImmuneScore, and positively with immune checkpoints, immune cell infiltration, and tumor mutation burden (TMB). Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that pathways related to immunosuppression are likely activated in response to CTC‐246B18.8 overexpression. Furthermore, CTC‐246B18.8 expression was also associated with the sensitivity to various chemotherapy drugs. The expression patterns of the above lncRNAs were verified in ovarian tumor cell lines (SK‐OV‐3, COC1, and A2780) and normal ovarian epithelial cells (IOSE – 80). Six cuproptosis‐related genes (CRGs), including ATP7B, MTF1, SLC31A1, DLD, ATP7A and DLAT, were differentially expressed between CTC‐246B18.8high and CTC‐246B18.8low patient groups, and exhibited organ‐specific expression patterns pan‐cancer. Small molecule drugs that target these CRGs were predicted, and potential candidates included DIAMIDE, bathocuproine disulfonate, D‐penicillamine, etc. To summarize, our findings provide molecular insights into the role of cuproptosis in OV, and the signature lncRNAs and CRGs should be investigated further as immunotherapy biomarkers of OV.
Research trends on the main threats to food security in international relations scholarship
Authors: López Enrique Valverde , Sánchez Alfonso 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAfter a slow and steady decrease in global food insecurity, the COVID‐19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine have undone much of these gains. This intervention aims to shed light on whether academic research on food security is currently focused on the most food‐insecure countries and whether equal attention has been devoted to the biggest threats to food security: economic shocks, extreme weather, and armed conflict. We find that only 37% of countries in a state of crisis, emergency, or famine have been the focus of published research in food security. Moreover, our analysis shows that, when combined, 53% of all academic publications addressed at least one of the key drivers of food insecurity, yet possible biases and gaps emerge when these results are disaggregated by each specific driver of food insecurity.
Let’s Root for Each Other and Grow: Interconnectedness (with)in Science Education
Authors: Askew Rachel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn January 2019 six “students” and one “instructor” came together for the first of 16 class meetings to explore science education in elementary schools. As an attempt to push against the State apparatus, we created the course together. What began as an assortment of waves and circles eventually rooted and bloomed in an exploration of our becomings as science teachers. At the end of the semester, we chose to represent our class journeys’ timeline as a flower—with each of us connected as the roots and our experiences interwoven in the flower. Using rhizoanalysis, this chapter will explore and question the interconnectedness of materials, humans, and experiences as they relate to conceptions of “growth” in the Anthropocene.
Envisioning Non-elite and More-Than-Colonial Environmentalisms
Authors: Carrara Aline , Chakraborty Ritodhi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMainstream environmentalism remains tethered to Malthusian overpopulation scenarios, authoritarian protectionism through exclusionary conservation policies, and ecomodernist climate adaptation/mitigation projects. Therefore, hegemonic mainstream environmentalism (HME) in many ways fails to address its colonial, authoritarian, essentializing overtures, which continue to insidiously motivate much of environmentalism and environmental policy. But there are also ongoing challenges to this by the work of indigenous, feminist, anti-racist, anti-casteist, and anti/de/post-colonial thinkers and doers. In this work we build upon such provocations to challenge the problematic roots of modern, mainstream environmentalism and its role in supporting certain visions of the Anthropocene. We propose a temporary analytical frame that advocates for non-elite visions of environmentalism—non-elite and more-than-colonial environmentalisms (NEMCE). Our analytical offering highlights three processes which non-elite communities are involved in from across the majority world. These are attempting to domesticate capitalism, mobilize plurinational placemaking, and finally challenge the algorithmic thinking of digital environmental governance. Taken together the three processes above present a powerful response to HME, revealing its insidious reproduction of certain elite subjectivities, ideologies, and institutions, while claiming to support planetary visions of ecological wellbeing.
Indigenous Spiritual Geographies: Rosalie Little Thunder and “What Does It Mean to Be a Good Relative?”
Authors: Holmes Amanda 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFrom long experience with each other, Indigenous Peoples know their Lands—and the beings, energies, and relationships with whom they share their universe—as related. They exist within a relational, storied matrix, spoken and heard, felt and lived in words and through silences, sung, prayed, and envisioned within their own cycles, and remembered in the spiritual geographies of their Lands. This piece reflects on embodied Indigenous intergenerational knowledge relations as lived through the spiritual activism of Lakota Elder Rosalie Little Thunder and articulated in her perennial question, “What does it mean to be a good relative?” Her Lakota ethical practice centered around this question—and it was a question she asked of the rest of the world, so that they might imagine a different way of being, a possibility of waking up the human beings in this time of massive human destruction of all life, the life systems of Earth. Rosalie’s question is a wakeup call that frames human survival from within a Lakota perspective of the world, asking the world’s human beings what it means to be a good relative. This perception of relationality holds the possibility for radically re-imagining different possibilities, transformative shifts in consciousness, and different futurities.
How to Use Blood and Blood Products
Authors: Soni Kapil Dev , Chaurasia Rahul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses the available evidence for blood transfusions in various subgroups of critically ill patients and other common issues pertaining to the transfusion of blood and blood components in the ICU. While blood and blood products can a be lifesaving therapy, the decision to transfuse should be based on individual factors, and the risk–benefit ratio of adverse events should be considered. Restrictive red blood cell (RBC) transfusion strategies are generally more beneficial, and platelet transfusions should be administered after risk assessment for bleeding, cause and pattern of thrombocytopenia, and presence of underlying comorbidities. Point-of-care tests such as thromboelastography (TEG) or rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) can help guide blood transfusions. Common transfusion reactions in the ICU include transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO), and nosocomial infections. Transfusion alternatives such as IV iron, erythropoietin, and tranexamic acid should be considered whenever feasible.
Nutrition Delivery in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Chatterjee Ranajit , Garg Ashutosh Kumar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses the importance of medical nutrition therapy in critically ill patients in the ICU. The goals of nutrition in the ICU include preserving lean body mass, maintaining immune function, and avoiding metabolic complications. The chapter also covers topics such as nutrition assessment, assessment of energy expenditure, starting enteral nutrition, dosing and monitoring of tolerance and adequacy of EN, selection of appropriate EN, indications of parenteral nutrition, diet formulation in special medical conditions, impact of nutrition on fluid therapy and accumulation, and introduction of nutrition stewardship. The take-home messages emphasize the importance of early enteral nutrition, tailoring feeding to the patient’s requirements and tolerance, and avoiding calorie deficits. The chapter concludes by encouraging the implementation of nutrition stewardship to optimize patient outcomes,taking into account the 4 D’s of nutrition therapy: drug, dose, duration, and de-escalation.
Fluid Management in Trauma
Authors: Soni Kapil Dev , Gauli Basant 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFluid therapy is one of the major interventions in primary survey to sustain life during acute trauma. Over the years, it has evolved with new evidences and association of harm seen with certain fluid options and strategy. Recent years has seen major changes in fluid therapy of trauma patients with most guidelines advocating restricted fluid therapy for the benefit of trauma patients. The outcome not only depends upon the type of fluid but also depends significantly on rate of fluid as well as amount of fluid administration. This chapter provides framework of fluid therapy in major trauma patients presenting after acute trauma.
Perioperative Fluid Manangement
Authors: Choudhuri Anirban Hom , Kiro Kiranlata 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA perioperative clinician should have in-depth knowledge about the composition of body fluids, effects of metabolic stress response on fluid shifts and the indications for timely de-resuscitation. Over the years, the principles of perioperative fluid management have largely focussed on aggressive fluid administration without checks thereby ignoring many harmful side effects. To achieve a good surgical outcome, fluid therapy based on checks and balances is an absolute necessity. Overzealous administration of large volumes of any fluid can lead to more harm than benefit. Hence, the current practice is to individualize the fluid therapy based upon need which can be assessed dynamically by a large number of gadgets. While research about liberal versus restrictive approaches has often yielded divergent results, the benefits of a goal-directed therapy has remained equivocal. The type and duration of the surgery largely influence fluid balance and their understanding is pivotal towards patient safety.