bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vinorelbine in previously treated advanced childhood sarcomas
Authors: Casanova Michela , Ferrari Andrea , Spreafico Filippo , Terenziani Monica , Massimino Maura , Luksch Roberto , Cefalo Graziella , Polastri Daniela , Marcon Ilaria , Bellani Franca Fossati 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDVinca alkaloids have proved active against a number of pediatric malignancies. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of using vinorelbine in previously treated pediatric patients with advanced sarcomas.METHODSFrom September 1998 to August 2001, 33 previously treated patients with progressive sarcoma were treated: 13 had rhabdomyosarcomas, 5 had other soft tissue sarcomas, 9 had Ewing sarcomas, and 6 had osteosarcomas. Vinorelbine was given intravenously on Days 1 and 8 of a 21‐day treatment cycle. Four patients with uncontrolled pain or central nervous system invasion received concurrent radiotherapy and were only evaluated for toxicity.RESULTSOne hundred seventy‐eight treatment cycles were administered (median of four per patient, range 1–20). Grade 3 to 4 neutropenia occurred in 63% of patients, Grade 3 anemia in 9%, and Grade 3 thrombocytopenia in 3%. Nonhematological toxicity was mild or moderate, i.e., always lower than Grade 3, with the exception of one child who experienced paralytic ileus. Twenty‐eight patients were assessable for response. Eight patients had a partial response, one patient had a minor response, and nine patients had stable disease. Objective responses were observed in 6 of 12 patients with rhadbomyosarcomas (five of six of the alveolar subtype), in one of five patients with osteosarcomas, and in one of seven patients with Ewing sarcomas. The median duration of response was 10 months (range, 3+ to 20).CONCLUSIONSVinorelbine has a favorable toxicity profile with evidence of biological activity in already heavily treated pediatric patients with sarcomas. In particular, the objective response rate obtained for patients with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma seems very promising. Due to the few cases considered here, further Phase II studies are needed to establish a potential role of vinorelbine in the treatment of these tumors. Cancer 2002;94:3263–8. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10600
Higher oxidation and lower antioxidant levels in peripheral blood plasma and bone marrow plasma from advanced cancer patients
Authors: de Cavanagh Elena M. V. , Honegger Alba E. , Hofer Erica , Bordenave Raul H. , Bullorsky Eduardo O. , Chasseing Norma A. , Fraga Cesar 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDBone marrow (BM) is an important tissue in the generation of immunocompetent and peripheral blood cells. The precursors of hematopoietic cells in BM undergo continuous proliferation and differentiation and are highly vulnerable to acute and chronic oxidative stress. Little is known about the oxidant and antioxidant status in the BM of untreated patients with nonhematologic tumors. In this study, oxidative stress was evaluated in peripheral blood plasma (PBP) and BM plasma (BMP) from lung carcinoma (LC) and breast carcinoma (BC) patients.METHODSThe sample included 13 consecutive untreated LC patients, 15 BC patients, and 11 healthy controls. Luminol‐dependent chemiluminescence was used to evaluate oxygen radical generation by peripheral blood neutrophils. Lipid oxidation, assessed by 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS), and α‐tocopherol, β‐carotene, and total ubiquinol‐10 levels were determined in PBP and BMP.RESULTSIn LC and BC patients, neutrophil chemiluminescence was higher (128% and 264%, respectively) than in controls (P < 0.05). In cancer patients, TBARS levels were higher in both PBP (51% and 243% for LC and BC patients, respectively) and BMP (66% and 305% for LC and BC patients, respectively) than in plasma from controls (P < 0.01). α‐Tocopherol and total ubiquinol‐10 levels were significantly lower in BMP from BC patients compared with controls. In BC patients, α‐tocopherol content in PBP was significantly lower than in controls.CONCLUSIONSUntreated cancer patients presented an imbalance between oxidant generation and lipid‐soluble antioxidant levels in favor of the former. Cancer 2002;94:3247–51. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10611
Quantitative measurement of post‐irradiation neck fibrosis based on the young modulus
Authors: Leung Sing‐Fai , Zheng Yongping , Choi Charles Y. K. , Mak Suzanne S. S. , Chiu Samuel K. W. , Zee Benny , Mak Arthur F. T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDPostirradiation fibrosis is one of the most common late effects of radiation therapy for patients with head and neck carcinoma. An objective and quantitative method for its measurement is much desired, but the criteria currently used to score fibrosis are mostly semiquantitative and partially subjective.METHODSThe Young Modulus (YM) is a physical parameter that characterizes the deformability of material to stress. The authors measured the YM in soft tissues of the neck, at defined reference points, using an ultrasound probe and computer algorithm that quantified the indentation (deformation) on tissue due to a measured, applied force. One hundred five patients who had received previous radiation therapy to the entire neck were assessed, and the results were compared with the hand palpation scores and with a functional parameter represented by the range of neck rotation, and all results were correlated with symptoms.RESULTSThe YM was obtained successfully in all patients examined. It had a significant positive correlation with the palpation score and a significant negative correlation with the range of neck rotation. The YM was significantly higher on the side of the neck that received a boost dose of radiation, although the corresponding palpation scores were similar. The results of all three measurement methods were correlated with symptoms.CONCLUSIONSPostirradiation neck fibrosis can be measured in absolute units based on the YM. The results showed a significant correlation with hand palpation scores, with restriction of neck rotation, and with symptoms. Compared with the palpation method, the YM is more quantitative, objective, focused on small subregions, and better discriminates regions subject to differential radiation dose levels. Its inclusion in the Analytic category of the Late Effects of Normal Tissues‐SOMA system should be considered to facilitate comparative studies. Cancer 2002;95:656–62. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10700
Modeling the impact of the decline in distant stage disease on prostate carcinoma mortality rates
Authors: Feuer Eric J. , Mariotto Angela , Merrill Ray 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe incidence of distant stage prostate carcinoma was relatively flat until 1991 and then started declining rapidly. This decline probably was caused by the shift to earlier stage disease associated with the rapid dissemination of prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening. Prostate carcinoma mortality rates started falling at approximately the same time. In this article, the authors model the potential impact of this stage shift on prostate carcinoma mortality rates given various assumptions concerning the survival of patients with screen‐detected local‐regional disease.METHODSThe authors used the CAN*TROL 2 computer model to shift each deficit in the number of patients with distant stage disease to local‐regional stage disease and modeled the implications on mortality using a set of base, optimistic, and pessimistic survival assumptions. A base survival assumes that a patient with screen‐detected local‐regional disease of a certain histologic grade has the same prognosis as a patient with clinically detected local‐regional disease of same grade (i.e., an assumption of no length bias for patients with screen‐detected disease), whereas the optimistic and pessimistic scenarios assume that survival is better or worse, respectively, than the base survival (i.e., complete cure for patients with favorable grade for the optimistic scenario and no improvements in survival for patients with unfavorable grade for the pessimistic scenario).RESULTSModel results were compared with observed mortality trends. Rising age‐adjusted mortality rates peaked in 1991 for white males and in 1993 for black males and then fell 21% and 13% for white males and black males, respectively, from 1990 through 1999. Under the modeled stage‐shift intervention, mortality rates would fall 18%, 8%, and 19% for both white males and black males under the base, pessimistic, and optimistic assumptions, respectively.CONCLUSIONSIt is impossible to know what the mortality trends would have been in the absence of the introduction of PSA screening. However, under the base assumption, it appears that the decline in distant stage disease can have a fairly sizable and rapid impact on population mortality. The optimistic scenario is not much improved over the base scenario, which is indicative of the facts that the survival of patients diagnosed with clinical local‐regional prostate carcinoma is quite good and that further survival improvements can have only a marginal impact. Under the pessimistic scenario, it appears that something else must be responsible for much of the decline in mortality. Screening trial results from the United States and Europe may verify and isolate the size of any mortality benefit associated with PSA screening. Trial results eventually can be put back into these population models to help quantify the impact of screening, treatment, and other factors on population trends. Cancer 2002;95:870–80. Published 2002 by the American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10726
Gastric carcinoma
Authors: Stemmermann Grant N. , Nomura Abraham M.Y. , Kolonel Laurence N. , Goodman Marc T. , Wilkens Lynne R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOBJECTIVESTo assess the pathology of gastric carcinoma and to determine whether carcinoma of the cardia occurs more often among whites than among other ethnic groups in Hawaii. This study focuses on demographic differences in subsite locations and histologic types of gastric carcinoma.METHODSWe reviewed 532 sequential gastric carcinomas accessioned between 1993 and 1999 in the Hawaii Tumor Registry. Pathology reports and slides were reviewed by the study pathologist.RESULTSCarcinoma of the cardia occurred in 51 (15.8%) of 323 males compared with 18 (8.6%) of 209 females (P = 0.02, after age adjustment). The age‐adjusted percent of cardia cases was 41.8% for Hawaiian white males compared with 13.4% for men of all other ethnic groups (P = 0.0002). The age‐adjusted percent of cardia cases was 22.4% for Hawaiian white females compared with 7.3% for females of other groups. (P = 0.08). At all age levels, females had more frequent diffuse carcinomas and less frequent intestinal type gastric carcinomas than men. The age‐adjusted percent with diffuse carcinoma was 35.3% for females and 13.7% for males (P < 0.0001). Also, the sex‐adjusted percent with diffuse carcinoma was 26.0% for patients younger than 75 years of age compared with 17.0% for patients 75 years or older (P = 0.01). Conversely, the sex‐adjusted percent with intestinal carcinoma was 67.9% for patients younger than 75 years of age compared with 77.1% for patients 75 years or older (P = 0.02). The proportion of cases showing precursor lesions (intestinal metaplasia or superficial gastritis) increased progressively with the distance of the carcinoma from the cardia.CONCLUSIONSCarcinoma of the cardia is predominantly a tumor of white males and is not associated with the multifocal gastritis characteristically found with carcinoma distal to the cardia. Diffuse gastric carcinoma shows no ethnic predilection, but expression of this phenotype is clearly related to the age and gender of the patient. Cancer 2002;95:744–50. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10734
Vascular endothelial growth factor and social support in patients with ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Lutgendorf Susan K. , Johnsen Erica L. , Cooper Brian , Anderson Barrie , Sorosky Joel I. , Buller Richard E. , Sood Anil K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe modulation of immunologic activities relevant to cancer by behavioral factors, such as stress, depression, and social support, is well documented. However, associations of behavioral factors with cytokines involved in tumor angiogenesis have not been studied. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key cytokine that is capable of stimulating tumor angiogenesis, and it has been associated with poorer survival in patients with ovarian carcinoma. VEGF is modulated by a variety of behaviorally sensitive factors, including sympathetic activation. This study examined relationships of social support and depressive symptoms with VEGF levels in preoperative patients with ovarian carcinoma.METHODSTwenty‐four women with ovarian carcinoma and 5 women with benign pelvic masses were recruited at the presurgical clinic visit, received psychosocial surveys, including the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (Quality of Life) survey and the Profile of Mood States, and a blood draw. Serum VEGF levels were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Analyses controlled for disease stage.RESULTSWomen with ovarian carcinoma who reported higher levels of social well being had lower levels of VEGF (P= 0.005). Greater support from friends and neighbors (P= 0.005) and less distance from friends (P= 0.04) were facets of social well being that were associated with lower VEGF levels. Individuals who reported greater helplessness (P= 0.03) or worthlessness (P= 0.08) had higher VEGF levels, but depression as a whole (P> 0.50) was not related to VEGF levels.CONCLUSIONSHigher levels of social well being were correlated with lower VEGF levels in presurgical patients with ovarian carcinoma. These findings suggest a possible mechanism by which poor social support may be associated with disease progression. Further study of these relations may demonstrate novel pathways relating biobehavioral factors to tumor growth and disease progression. Cancer 2002;95:808–15. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10739
Trigeminal collaterals in the nasal epithelium and olfactory bulb: A potential route for direct modulation of olfactory information by trigeminal stimuli
Authors: Schaefer Michele L. , Böttger Bärbel , Silver Wayne L. , Finger Thomas E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe nasal epithelium is richly invested with peptidergic (substance P and calcitonin gene‐related peptide [CGRP]) trigeminal polymodal nociceptors, which respond to numerous odorants as well as irritants. Peptidergic trigeminal sensory fibers also enter the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. To test whether the trigeminal fibers in the olfactory bulb are collaterals of the epithelial trigeminal fibers, we utilized dual retrograde labeling techniques in rats to identify the trigeminal ganglion cells innervating each of these territories. Nuclear Yellow was injected into the dorsal nasal epithelium, and True Blue was injected into the olfactory bulb of the same side. Following a survival period of 3–7 days, the trigeminal ganglion contained double‐labeled, small (11.8 × 8.0 μm), ellipsoid ganglion cells within the ethmoid nerve region of the ganglion. Tracer injections into the spinal trigeminal complex established that these branched trigeminal ganglion cells also extended an axon into the brainstem. These results indicate that some trigeminal ganglion cells with sensory endings in the nasal epithelium also have branches reaching directly into both the olfactory bulb and the spinal trigeminal complex. These trigeminal ganglion cells are unique among primary sensory neurons in having two branches entering the central nervous system at widely distant points. Furthermore, the collateral innervation of the epithelium and bulb may provide an avenue whereby nasal irritants could affect processing of coincident olfactory stimuli. J. Comp. Neurol. 444:221–226, 2002. Erratum: J. Comp. Neurol. 2002;448(4):423.© 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localisation of cannabinoid CB1 receptor immunoreactivity in the guinea pig and rat myenteric plexus
Authors: Coutts Angela A. , Irving Andrew J. , Mackie Ken , Pertwee Roger G. , Anavi‐Goffer Sharon 
Published: October 2002

AbstractActivation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors inhibits gastrointestinal motility, propulsion, and transit, whereas selective antagonism of these receptors has the opposite effects, suggesting the presence of endocannabinoid tone. Supporting evidence for presynaptic CB1 receptors on myenteric neurons has been found in vitro. In this study, selective CB1 receptor antibodies and neuronal markers were used to identify and characterise myenteric neurons expressing cannabinoid receptors. Whole mounts of rat and guinea pig myenteric preparations were dually labelled with antibodies against the CB1 receptor and choline acetyltransferase, neurofilament proteins, calbindin, calretinin, synapsin I, microtubule‐associated protein‐2, calcitonin gene‐related peptide, or substance P. The pattern of CB1 receptor labelling and the neurochemical classification of CB1 receptor‐positive cells were markedly influenced by the species and fixation procedure. Virtually all choline acetyltransferase‐immunoreactive myenteric neurons expressed CB1 receptors in ganglia from both species. Subpopulations of neurons identified with calbindin, calretinin, and microtubule‐associated protein‐2 did not express CB1 receptors. A few calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐ and substance P‐positive somata coexpressed CB1 receptor immunoreactivity but showed little colocalisation on individual fibres. There was a close association between CB1 receptor immunoreactivity and fibres labelled for synaptic protein, suggesting a role in the modulation of transmitter release. Functional responses to cannabinoids in the presence of hexamethonium suggest further that CB1 receptors occur on excitatory motoneurons. In conclusion, CB1 receptors are expressed on a variety of cholinergic sensory, interneuronal, and motor neurons in myenteric ganglia. J. Comp. Neurol. 448:410–422, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GABABR1 receptor protein expression in human mesial temporal cortex: Changes in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Muñoz Alberto , Arellano Jon Ignacio , Defelipe Javier 
Published: October 2002

AbstractImmunocytochemistry was used to examine γ‐aminobutyric acid beta (GABA)BR1a‐b protein expression in the human hippocampal formation (including dentate gyrus, hippocampus proper, subicular complex, and entorhinal cortex) and perirhinal cortex. Overall, GABABR1a‐b immunostaining was intense and widespread but showed differential areal and laminar distributions of labeled cells. GABABR1a‐b–immunoreactive (‐ir) neurons were found in the three main layers of the dentate gyrus, the most intense labeling being present in the polymorphic layer, whereas the granule cells were moderately immunoreactive. Except for slight variations, similar distribution patterns of GABABR1a‐b immunostaining were found along the different subfields of the Ammon's horn (CA1‐CA4). The highest density of GABABR1a‐b‐ir neurons was localized in the stratum pyramidale, where virtually every pyramidal cell was intensely immunoreactive, including the proximal part of the apical dendrites. Within the subicular complex, a more intense GABABR1a‐b immunostaining was found in the subiculum than in the presubiculum or parasubiculum, especially in the pyramidal and polymorphic cell layers. In the entorhinal cortex, distribution of GABABR1a‐b immunoreactivity was localized mainly in both pyramidal and nonpyramidal cells of layers II, III, and VI and in the superficial part of layer V, with layers I, IV, and deep layer V being less intensely stained. In the perirhinal cortex, the most intense GABABR1a‐b immunoreactivity was located in the deep part of layer III and in layer V and was mainly confined to medium‐sized and large pyramidal cells. Thus, the differential expression, but widespread distribution, of GABABR1a‐b protein found in the present study suggests the involvement of GABAB receptors in many circuits of the human hippocampal formation and adjacent cortical structures. Interestingly, the hippocampal formation of epileptic patients (n = 8) with hippocampal sclerosis showed similar intensity of GABABR1a‐b immunostaining in the surviving neurons located within or adjacent to those regions presenting neuronal loss than in the controls. However, surviving neurons in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus displayed a significant reduction in immunostaining in 7 of 8 patients. Therefore, alterations in inhibitory synaptic transmission through GABAB receptors appears to affect differentially certain hippocampal circuits in a population of epileptic patients. This reduction in GABABR1a‐b expression could contribute to the pathophysiology of temporal lobe epilepsy. J. Comp. Neurol. 449:166–179, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tiling of the body wall by multidendritic sensory neurons in Manduca sexta
Authors: Grueber Wesley B. , Graubard Katherine , Truman James W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA plexus of multidendritic sensory neurons, the dendritic arborization (da) neurons, innervates the epidermis of soft‐bodied insects. Previous studies have indicated that the plexus may comprise distinct subtypes of da neurons, which utilize diverse cyclic 3′,5′‐guanosine monophosphate signaling pathways and could serve several functions. Here, we identify three distinct classes of da neurons in Manduca, which we term the alpha, beta, and gamma classes. These three classes differ in their sensory responses, branch complexity, peripheral dendritic fields, and axonal projections. The two identified alpha neurons branch over defined regions of the body wall, which in some cases correspond to specific natural folds of the cuticle. These cells project to an intermediate region of the neuropil and appear to function as proprioceptors. Three beta neurons are characterized by long, sinuous dendritic branches and axons that terminate in the ventral neuropil. The function of this group of neurons is unknown. Four neurons belonging to the gamma class have the most complex peripheral dendrites. A representative gamma neuron responds to forceful touch of the cuticle. Although the dendrites of da neurons of different classes may overlap extensively, cells belonging to the same class show minimal dendritic overlap. As a result, the body wall is independently tiled by the beta and gamma da neurons and partially innervated by the alpha neurons. These properties of the da system likely allow insects to discriminate the quality and location of several types of stimuli acting on the cuticle. J. Comp. Neurol. 440:271–283, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.