bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hernia Support Garments for Parastomal Hernia Following Ostomy Procedure
Authors: Hass Robyn , Horton Jennie , Hamson Angie 
Published: January 2024

What Is the Issue?

Parastomal hernia is a common complication that can occur following ostomy surgery. They can have a negative impact on a person’s quality of life, affecting them both physically and psychologically. One intervention that may be used to help prevent or manage parastomal hernias are hernia support garments.
To help inform decisions about the most appropriate use for hernia support garments, it is important to understand the current best practices as well as potential benefits and harms of using these garments.

What Did We Do?

We searched for clinical and cost-effectiveness literature comparing hernia support garments to alternative hernia prevention or management strategies or no intervention. We also searched for evidence-based guidelines that provide recommendations about the use of hernia support garments for the prevention or management of parastomal hernias.
An information specialist searched for peer-reviewed and grey literature sources published between January 1, 2013, and November 1, 2023.
We engaged with an individual who has lived experience of an ostomy and parastomal hernia and who wears a hernia belt regularly. He shared his thoughts on the physical and psychological benefits, impact on quality of life, and challenges of using a hernia belt. This gave CADTH a more nuanced understanding of the literature.

What Did We Find?

We did not find any studies directly evaluating the clinical or cost-effectiveness of hernia support garments versus alternative hernia prevention or management interventions or no treatment that met the inclusion criteria for this review.
Three evidence-based guidelines made recommendations related to using hernia support garments to prevent and manage parastomal hernia. One guideline recommends that individuals with an ostomy should be assessed to determine the type and level of support required to prevent or manage hernia. Another guideline recommends that health providers provide postoperative education on using support garments. The third guideline recommends that stoma care nurses provide lifestyle advice about support garments to individuals with a stoma. This guideline also recommends that these nurses should be available to advise on non-operative management options for parastomal hernias more generally.

What Does This Mean?

Decision-makers might wish to consider ways to ensure that individuals who have had or are scheduled to have an ostomy surgery have timely access to parastomal hernia risk assessment, education, and advice on the use of hernia support garments from nurses specialized in wound, ostomy, and continence care. They may also want to consider out-of-pocket costs that may be a barrier to this care.
IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN BERBASIS SEKOLAH DALAM RANGKA PEMBERDAYAAN SEKOLAH (STUDI KEBIJAKAN DI SEKOLAH DASAR DUA MEI CIPUTAT)
Authors: Mahyudin Erta , Lestari Ambar  Sri 
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this research is to obtain intensive and comprehensive description about the implementation of School Based Management for school empowering through optimization of management functions. This research applied qualitative approach, with descriptive method. The result showed that; (a) Education Foundation Dua Mei stays in dilemmatic position between giving full authority and keeping total stability, (b) School transparency and accountability to public doesn't run maximum because of public education level is inadequate, (c) Headmaster becomes empowered because he can empower hisself and his staff and teachers, (d) Teacher empowering results professional and autonomous teacher, and (e) The end target of school empowering is the improvement of instructional quality.
ANALISA PERFORMA DRYER SCRUBBER SEBAGAI UNIT PENGURANG WATER (H2O) PADA PRODUK DI PABRIK NPK FUSION PT. X
Authors: Zulfadli Muhammad , Sriana Tun 
Published: January 2024

X merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang memproduksi pupuk NPK Phonska 15. Pupuk NPK diibuat dengan menggunakan bahan baku berupa kalium sebanyak 15%, fosphor sebanyak 15%, dan nitrogen sebanyak 15%. Ketiga komponen tersebut dicampur di dalam alat granulator untuk menghasilkan pupuk dalam bentuk granul. Untuk menghasilkan produk yang baik maka kandungan air harus dibatasi. Proses penggunaan kandungan air di dalam pupuk dilakukan dengan cara produk dilewatkan pada alat melalui belt conveyor. Dari kondisi laktual kandungan air air yang terdapat pada pupuk sebesar 1% meskipun alat sudah bekerja dengan baik. Untuk menurunkan presentase kandungan air maka efisiensi panas yang disalurkan dari furnace juga harus di perhatikan dengan cara menganalisa performa panas yang masuk dan panas yang keluar. Dari hasil optimasi didapatkan panas yang masuk mengalami kenaikan menjadi 95 OC dari panas awal sebesar 92,5 OC. kenaikan panas diikuti dengan kenaikan total produk yang semula sebesar 24.000 kg/jam menjadi 25.000 kg/jam. Kenaikan suhu dari hasil optimis berpengaruh pada penurunan kandungan air yang terkandung didalam pupu. Kandungan air akhir setelah optimis adalah sebesa 0,725% dimana jumlah air yang terkandung tidak melebihi batas minimal yang telah ditetapkan. Pembatasan kandungan air dilakukan agar pupuk tidak menggumpal didalam karung penyimpanan. Ketika kandungan air terlalu banyak dan pupuk menjadi hancur. Ketika kandungan air terlalu sedikit akibat dari zat pengikat clay tidak bekerja.
The Sermon as Discursive Frame for the Nazi Past: Preaching about the German History Exhibition Neue Anfänge nach 1945?
Authors: Paver Chloe 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
When the history exhibition Neue Anfänge nach 1945? about the transition from National Socialism to democracy toured Lutheran churches in northern Germany in the 2010s, preachers were invited to address it in their Sunday sermons. Like the speeches regularly given by civic dignitaries at German history museums, the sermons drew on democratic traditions of speaking about National Socialism. They also drew on Lutheran discursive traditions: Bible exegesis, homiletics, theology. This article considers how preachers combine a professional knowledge of what should be said about National Socialism with their pastoral role. The German family emerges as a key—but limiting—trope in discussion of the Nazi past in the church setting.
A experiência didático-pedagógica da produção de um projeto e de um plano de aula para a Geografia
Authors: Santos Felipe 
Published: January 2024

Contexto: O planejamento é fundamental para o estabelecimento dos conteúdos e aplicação destes no contexto escolar. Sem uma organização prévia, o professor não conseguirá transmitir seus assuntos de forma a contemplar o ensino-aprendizagem dos seus alunos. Assim sendo, é necessário que os professores tenham contato com materiais que possam contribuir para o desenvolvimento profissional deles, como o uso com o planejamento pode ofertar na construção disciplinar. Metodologia: Apresentaremos uma proposta didático-pedagógica aplicada no âmbito do curso de licenciatura em Geografia da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia – Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCT/UNESP) Campus de Presidente Prudente/SP que visou estimular os futuros professores para o uso do planejamento como metodologia no cotidiano escolar, mediante duas atividades práticas avaliativas. Uma delas é um instrumento comum utilizado pelos professores e responsável pela organização das atividades em sala de aula; o outro é uma descrição imersiva deste último com o objetivo de compreender as intencionalidades existentes no material construído. A partir delas, foi possível observar como os futuros professores articulariam o conteúdo ministrado voltado à compreensão da relevância do planejamento como elemento para sua ação e formação docente, o material que seria apresentado para as turmas e como avaliariam os materiais produzidos pelos colegas, estimulando também a visão analítica deles. Considerações: Os resultados apresentaram uma pluralidade de metodologias e procedimentos que evidenciaram como o planejamento é fundamental para o professor não só no seu cotidiano docente, mas principalmente, em sua formação inicial.
participación política de la mujer y la paridad de género
Authors: Guerrero-Vela Brenda Viviana 
Published: January 2024

En esta investigación se analiza la participación de la mujer en los procesos políticos a nivel global, mundial, regional y nacional. De manera especial, se consideran como caso de estudio, las elecciones para decanos en la Universidad Central del Ecuador. Aunque, existen varios estudios al respecto, la característica del presente artículo es responder a la pregunta: ¿Cuáles son los factores que inciden para que las mujeres accedan a espacios de poder y toma de decisiones a nivel nacional y, para, que la participación se dé de forma inclusiva, equitativa en los cargos de representación política? La política no va acorde a los avances legislativos, no son únicamente procesos electorales, elecciones universales, nacionales y seccionales; sino también este fenómeno se extiende a la esfera de los cargos en el ámbito educativo, en lo público y privado, y otros. Sobre todo, en los cargos de alta jerarquía, puesto que, pese a los avances normativos constitucionales, electorales y de derechos humanos, el problema se visibiliza en los índices de participación en relación a la participación del electorado masculino, por tanto, el porcentaje de participación entre hombres y mujeres es desigual a nivel de los Estados y de la comunidad internacional. Este fenómeno principalmente obedece a estructuras patriarcales, que provocan desigualdad en el acceso a las formas de participación de los Estados soberanos, libres y democráticos, donde los escenarios para las mujeres son de permanente exclusión dentro del ejercicio de sus derechos políticos y ciudadanos en torno a la política y la democracia con fundamento establecido en el marco constitucional.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan Siswa Dan Hasil Belajar IPA Materi Konsep Daur Air Pada Siswa Kelas VA Semester I Sekolah Dasar Negeri Wanareja 02 Kecamatan Wanareja Kabupaten Cilacap Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Indarto Heri 
Published: January 2024

Penelitian berjudul Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan Siswa dan Hasil Belajar IPA Materi Konsep Daur Air pada Siswa Kelas VA Semester I Sekolah Dasar Negeri Wanareja 02 Kecamatan Wanareja Kabupaten Cilacap Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Dengan subjek penelitian berjumlah 29 anak terdiri dari 15 laki-laki dan 14 perempuan. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena hasil belajar siswa rendah pada kondisi pra siklus dengan nilai rata-rata 65,69. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dua siklus, tiap-tiap siklus menggunakan model pembelajaran Inkuiri. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui angket, tes, dan observasi. Indikator keberhasilan dalam penelitian ini jika 85% dari siswa tuntas belajar serta menunjukan peningkatan keaktifan belajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan keaktifan belajar siswa dari pra siklus, siklus I dan siklus II yaitu pada pra siklus mencapai 53,85% masuk pada ketegori cukup (kriteria agak aktif) meningkat pada siklus I mencapai 62,07% masuk pada ketegori tinggi (kriteria terkeaktifan) meningkat lagi menjadi 93,10% masuk pada kategori sangat tinggi (kriteria sangat terkeaktifan) pada siklus II. Hasil prestasi belajar siswa juga mengalami peningkatan. Hasil belajar siswa pada pra siklus mencapai rata-rata 65,69 meningkat pada siklus I mencapai rata –rata 78,62 dan meningkat lagi pada siklus II menjadi 85,86. Dari hasil penelitian, ketuntasan belajar mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I (68,97%) dan pada siklus II (96,55%), terjadi peningkatan ketuntasan belajar sebesar (27,58%). Penerapan model pembelajaran Inkuiri dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan prestasi belajar siswa.
Being and Becoming Good in Plato's Protagoras
Authors: Reese Brian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
At the heart of Plato's Protagoras is a lengthy interlude in which Socrates is compelled to offer an interpretation of a poem by Simonides (334c5–49a4). Protagoras, a notable sophist, challenges Socrates to explain away an alleged inconsistency: Simonides claims that it is hard for someone to become good or virtuous but then criticizes another poet for saying what seems to be the same thing (339d1). In taking up this challenge, Socrates offers a protracted exegesis of the poem. While this so-called “poetic interlude” has long attracted the attention of commentators, I uncover new and important ways in which it is connected to broader Platonic arguments and themes. I begin by marking a threefold distinction between ignorance, competence, and expertise, which both Protagoras and Socrates seem to utilize, but which has not been noted in the literature. I argue that this distinction helps to explain why Socrates is concerned to distinguish “being” good from “becoming” good in his own exegesis of the poem. I also argue that it helps to explain the significance of the preamble Socrates offers to his own interpretation (342a6–43c7) since it reveals the kind of knowledge that he believes is required for “being” good or virtuous. The dialogue concludes with an explicit dilemma about virtue, but the resources I uncover allow for a satisfying resolution to it.
UNVEILING GENETIC THREADS: PHENOTYPIC EXPLORATION OF CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.) GERMPLASMS FOR HERITABILITY AND TRAIT ASSOCIATIONS
Authors: KALYAR MHM , KALYAR MNN , ULLAH MA , SHAH KD 
Published: January 2024

The second most important self-pollinating legume crop in the world is the chickpea. Chickpea is an inexpensive source of protein that grows well in various climates. The current study aimed to evaluate the genetic advance and heritability of different characters at the seedling stage by analyzing their phenotypic attributes. During the 2022–2023 growing season, a randomized complete block design experiment was set up in the University of the Punjab's field area. The experiment included five different germplasms. At the seedling stage, data from seven morphological parameters were collected. ANOVA and correlation were performed using Statistix software. Seedling length, root length, and root-shoot ratio have shown low genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV), indicating a high environmental effect on these traits. Root length and leaf width had shown a strong correlation with seedling length. Path coefficient analysis directly affected root length and leaf width towards seedling length. Low genetic advance and high heritability were observed in root length, seedling length and root-shoot ratio, meaning selection should be delayed for one or more generations for such traits. Leaf width and leaf area have shown high heritability and genetic advance, suggesting that selecting such characters may lead to superior variety development based on phenotype.
Recurrence Rate of Pleomorphic Adenoma in Minor Salivary Glands After Surgical Excision: A Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: Abbas Ali Hussein , Al-Khannaq Yassir Ryadh , Al-Anee Auday Mahmood , Al-Quisi Ahmed Fadhel 
Published: January 2024

Background: Pleomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary gland is a rare benign tumor. It commonly occurs in the hard and soft palates. Treatment by surgical excision achieved success in improving the patient’s health. Objective: To evaluate the recurrence rate after surgical treatment of pleomorphic adenoma in minor salivary glands. Methods: This retrospective study included patients who attended the Maxillofacial Surgery Unit in Ghazi Al-Hariri Hospital, Baghdad, from 2019 to 2021, complaining of soft tissue lumps involving the soft and hard palate, buccal mucosa, and upper lip. After the provisional diagnosis of these lesions, a total surgical excision of the tumor with a safe margin of 1 mm was performed, and the biopsy was sent for histopathological examination. A follow-up evaluation was performed for all patients two years after surgery. Results: Twenty-three patient data sheets with minor salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma were screened and initially included in this study. Only 12 patients (8 males and 4 females) were eligible, and 11 were excluded. Out of the patients who had total surgical excision, two women experienced tumor recurrence during the follow-up period. One had an ulcerated pleomorphic adenoma in the hard palate, and the other had a pleomorphic adenoma in the soft palate with mucosal tethering. Conclusions: Wide surgical excision is a successful treatment to decrease the recurrence rate, especially in cases of ulceration and tethering.
Systemwandel und Systembrüche im Gesellschaftsrecht
Authors: Windbichler Christine 
Published: January 2024

Before identifying changes or disruptions of a system, we need to define the system. Stefan Grundmann’s research pioneered such systematic thinking in a European and international context. The rather abstract concept of “investor ownership”, common to corporations, includes attributions of ownership besides different or conflicting shareholder interests. “Shareholder primacy” is mostly a business judgment issue. Changes in corporate law increasingly introduce general social policy, e.g., gender quotas or CSR goals. Legislation is moving from disclosure to incentives to substantive regulation which sometimes disrupts the corporate legal system. The general board structures are not controversial but responsibilities are shifting towards compliance and risk management. Accountancy includes more management reports and disclosures beyond financial accounting. That also changes the role of audits and auditors. Group accounts gain in importance, sometimes beyond their reasonable function. A definite interference with systematic corporate thinking is an underdefined treatment of corporate groups as a homogenous entity. More careful calibration is needed here.
Corporate law, commonalities in corporate law, investor ownership, corporate social responsibility, disclosure, regulation, compliance, accounting, corporate groups
Reviewing the Legal Framework Applicable to Cross-border E-commerce Transactions in Brazil
Authors: Grytz Vera Kanas , Guero Isabelle Ruiz 
Published: January 2024

E-commerce transactions increased substantially over the past three years, including the cross-border movement of goods that were acquired using the internet. From the customs legislation point of view, such new reality means a huge volume of import transactions of goods using the post or courier companies, having individuals as importers, and which values are quite low if compared to ordinary importations made by companies. The flood of small packs not only clogged the old logistic system involved in this kind of transaction but also evidenced the failure of the current legal framework. On top of this issue, local producers argue that products acquired from the generically called ‘Asian e-commerce marketplaces’ are artificially cheaper, and they claim for controls, restrictions, and more equal conditions in terms of tax treatment.
The debate pointed out above is global by nature, and it is a hot topic in Brazil.
The goal of this paper is to present the political debate regarding e-commerce cross-border transactions, and the recent developments in terms of the legal framework, challenges, and opportunities.Isabelle Ruiz Guero*
Brazil, International Trade, customs, cross-border transactions, postal and courier imports, e-commerce, tax reform
Customs Duty Evasion: Consequences and Suggestions: The GCC Countries Perspective
Authors: Hussain Atia , Elkelish Walaa Wahid , Al Mahameed Muhammad 
Published: January 2024

Customs duty has existed in Gulf Countries for over a century. In 2002, it took its institutional form by implementing the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Common Customs Law. Since then, customs duty evasion has been a problem for GCC governments and companies. Customs authorities continuously audit and eliminate such illegal activities by imposing penalties and taking necessary actions within the provisions of the law. This article highlights various customs offences, including false origin, incorrect tariff classification, under-declaration of customs valuation, and lack of inventory reconciliation leading toward smuggling. The article also highlights the consequences faced by businesses involved in such illegal activities. To combat and eliminate these offences during import/export procedures, the paper proposes some suggestions to companies, which will eventually help them avoid the administrative burden and financial and reputational loss resulting from such frauds.
Customs duty evasion, Penalties, Smuggling, Origin, Valuation, Tariff Classification, Inventory reconciliation, Voluntary disclosure, GCC countries
Transfer Pricing and Customs Valuation Rules in Brazil: A Challenging Reconciliation
Authors: Andrade Thális 
Published: January 2024

In 2022, the Brazilian customs authority issued regulations on customs valuation, explicitly allowing the use of transfer pricing rules to determine whether the relationship between parties influenced the prices applied in import transactions. The regulation allows the utilization of the computed value method, as indicated in the calculation statements of the cost of imported goods, for transactions conducted with related parties. This same information can also be employed to ascertain the actual profit, as outlined in the domestic transfer pricing legislation. However, months before the release of the regulation, the Administrative Council of Tax Appeals (CARF) issued a decision supporting the actions taken by the customs authority. The customs authority utilized the arbitration method of customs valuation, relying on artificial profit parameters derived from the transfer pricing legislation. Despite being confirmed by CARF, the use of transfer pricing provisions in the valuation process seems to be far from the brief authorization for their use in assisting the determination of related party relationships or the cost of goods sold. The practice, therefore, is far from being in compliance with the Customs Valuation Agreement (CVA) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), representing a return to arbitrary or fictitious bases in valuation
Customs Valuation, Transfer Pricing, Taxation, WTO, OECD
Corporate Social Responsibility Regulation in Indonesia and a Critique of the Milton Friedman Theory
Authors: Firdaus Firdaus , Firmanda Hengki , Hendra Rahmad , Samariadi Samariadi 
Published: January 2024

Academically, there is no agreement on corporate social responsibility (CSR) regarding whether managers are subject to shareholder or stakeholder theories. Academics, judicial officers, regulatory agencies, and professionals have long debated the meaning of corporations and their goals. This study examines the norms of CSR in Indonesia and serves as a critique of Milton Friedman’s theory. The study used normative legal research method. The data were collected through related literature and divided into three legal materials, namely primary, secondary, and tertiary. The legal materials obtained were analysed and presented qualitatively to answer the problem. CSR in Indonesia is regulated in several existing arrangements, especially in the law on limited liability companies, investment, plantations, oil and gas, mineral and coal mining, geothermal, and state-owned enterprises. These regulations confirm that CSR is mandatory in companies, and companies that do not comply will be given strict sanctions. The regulations for CSR in Indonesia are in contrast to Milton Friedman’s theory, which states that CSR is solely seeking for company profits or shareholder wealth maximization
Corporate, social responsibility, mandatory, shareholder