bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-world usage of Chronic Kidney Disease – Mineral Bone Disorder (CKD–MBD) biomarkers in nephrology practices
Authors: Fusaro Maria , Barbuto Simona , Gallieni Maurizio , Cossettini Althea , Re Sartò Giulia Vanessa , Cosmai Laura , Cianciolo Giuseppe , La Manna Gaetano , Nickolas Thomas , Ferrari Serge , Bover Jordi , Haarhaus Mathias , Marino Carmela , Mereu Maria Cristina , Ravera Maura , Plebani Mario , Zaninotto Martina , Cozzolino Mario , Bianchi Stefano , Messa Piergiorgio , Gregorini Mariacristina , Gasperoni Lorenzo , Agosto Caterina , Aghi Andrea , Tripepi Giovanni 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Chronic kidney disease mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a condition characterized by alterations of calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) metabolism that in turn promote bone disorders, vascular calcifications, and increase cardiovascular (CV) risk. Nephrologists’ awareness of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools to manage CKD-MBD plays a primary role in adequately preventing and managing this condition in clinical practice.

Methods
A national survey (composed of 15 closed questions) was launched to inquire about the use of bone biomarkers in the management of CKD-MBD patients by nephrologists and to gain knowledge about the implementation of guideline recommendations in clinical practice.

Results
One hundred and six Italian nephrologists participated in the survey for an overall response rate of about 10%. Nephrologists indicated that the laboratories of their hospitals were able to satisfy request of ionized calcium levels, 105 (99.1%) of both PTH and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 100 (94.3%) of 25(OH)D, and 61 (57.5%) of 1.25(OH)2D; while most laboratories did not support the requests of biomarkers such as FGF-23 (intact: 88.7% and c-terminal: 93.4%), Klotho (95.3%; soluble form: 97.2%), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP-5b) (92.5%), C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) (71.7%), and pro-collagen type 1 N-terminal pro-peptide (P1NP) (88.7%). As interesting data regarding Italian nephrologists’ behavior to start treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT), the majority of clinicians used KDOQI guidelines (n = 55, 51.9%). In contrast, only 40 nephrologists (37.7%) relied on KDIGO guidelines, which recommended referring to values of PTH between two and nine times the upper limit of the normal range.

Conclusion
Results point out a marked heterogeneity in the management of CKD-MBD by clinicians as well as a suboptimal implementation of guidelines in Italian clinical practice.
Metabolomic profile of neuroendocrine tumors identifies methionine, porphyrin, and tryptophan metabolisms as key dysregulated pathways associated with patient survival
Authors: La Salvia Anna , Lens-Pardo Alberto , López-López Angel , Carretero-Puche Carlos , Capdevila Jaume , Benavent Marta , Jiménez-Fonseca Paula , Castellano Daniel , Alonso Teresa , Teule Alexandre , Custodio Ana , Tafuto Salvatore , La Casta Adelaida , Spada Francesca , Lopez-Gonzalvez Angeles , Gil-Calderon Beatriz , Espinosa-Olarte Paula , Barbas Coral , Garcia-Carbonero Rocio , Soldevilla Beatriz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
Metabolic profiling is a valuable tool to characterize tumor biology but remains largely unexplored in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Our aim was to comprehensively assess the metabolomic profile of NETs and identify novel prognostic biomarkers and dysregulated molecular pathways.

Design and Methods
Multiplatform untargeted metabolomic profiling (GC-MS, CE-MS, and LC-MS) was performed in plasma from 77 patients with G1-2 extra-pancreatic NETs enrolled in the AXINET trial (NCT01744249) (study cohort) and from 68 non-cancer individuals (control). The prognostic value of each differential metabolite (n = 155) in NET patients (P &lt; .05) was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses adjusted for multiple testing and other confounding factors. Related pathways were explored by Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis (MSEA) and Metabolite Pathway Analysis (MPA).

Results
Thirty-four metabolites were significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) (n = 16) and/or overall survival (OS) (n = 27). Thirteen metabolites remained significant independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis, 3 of them with a significant impact on both PFS and OS. Unsupervised clustering of these 3 metabolites stratified patients in 3 distinct prognostic groups (1-year PFS of 71.1%, 47.7%, and 15.4% (P = .012); 5-year OS of 69.7%, 32.5%, and 27.7% (P = .003), respectively). The MSEA and MPA of the 13-metablolite signature identified methionine, porphyrin, and tryptophan metabolisms as the 3 most relevant dysregulated pathways associated with the prognosis of NETs.

Conclusions
We identified a metabolomic signature that improves prognostic stratification of NET patients beyond classical prognostic factors for clinical decisions. The enriched metabolic pathways identified reveal novel tumor vulnerabilities that may foster the development of new therapeutic strategies for these patients.
Population size shapes trade-off dilution and adaptation to a marginal niche unconstrained by sympatric habitual conditions
Authors: Chavhan Yashraj , Malusare Sarthak , Dey Sutirth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How does niche expansion occur when the habitual (high-productivity) and marginal (low-productivity) niches are simultaneously available? Without spatial structuring, such conditions should impose fitness maintenance in the former while adapting to the latter. Hence, adaptation to a given marginal niche should be influenced by the identity of the simultaneously available habitual niche. This hypothesis remains untested. Similarly, it is unknown if larger populations, which can access greater variation and undergo more efficient selection, are generally better at niche expansion. We tested these hypotheses using a large-scale evolution experiment with Escherichia coli. While we observed widespread niche expansion, larger populations consistently adapted to a greater extent to both marginal and habitual niches. Owing to diverse selection pressures in different habitual niches (constant vs. fluctuating environments; environmental fluctuations varying in both predictability and speed), fitness in habitual niches was significantly shaped by their identities. Surprisingly, despite this diversity in habitual selection pressures, adaptation to the marginal niche was unconstrained by the habitual niche’s identity. We show that in terms of fitness, two negatively correlated habitual niches can still have positive correlations with the marginal niche. This allows the marginal niche to dilute fitness trade-offs across habitual niches, thereby allowing costless niche expansion. Our results provide fundamental insights into the sympatric niche expansion.
Gut microbiome biogeography in reindeer supersedes millennia of ecological and evolutionary separation
Authors: Kamenova Stefaniya , de Muinck Eric J , Veiberg Vebjørn , Utsi Tove Aagnes , Steyaert Sam M J G , Albon Steve D , Loe Leif Egil , Trosvik Pål 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ruminants are dependent on their gut microbiomes for nutrient extraction from plant diets. However, knowledge about the composition, diversity, function, and spatial structure of gut microbiomes, especially in wild ruminants, is limited, largely because analysis has been restricted to faeces or the rumen. In two geographically separated reindeer subspecies, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed strong spatial structuring, and pronounced differences in microbial diversity of at least 33 phyla across the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine (including faeces). The main structural feature was the Bacteroidota to Firmicutes ratio, which declined from the stomach to the large intestine, likely reflecting functional adaptation. Metagenome shotgun sequencing also revealed highly significant structuring in the relative occurrence of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). CAZymes were enriched in the rumen relative to the small and large intestines. Interestingly, taxonomic diversity was highest in the large intestine, suggesting an important and understudied role for this organ. Despite the two study populations being separated by an ocean and six millennia of evolutionary history, gut microbiome structuring was remarkably consistent. Our study suggests a strong selection for gut microbiome biogeography along the gastrointestinal tract in reindeer subspecies.
Wildfire and Family Forest Owners: Concern, Advice, and Wildfire Reduction Behaviors from the United States National Woodland Owner Survey
Authors: Butler Sarah M , Butler Brett J , Sass Emma M 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExtreme wildfire is an increasing threat to lives, property, and ecosystems across the United States and many parts of the world. Family forest owners (FFOs) own a large percentage of forestland in the United States, and actions and behaviors on their forestland have a large impact on wildfire prevention and mitigation across the landscape. Using data from the USDA Forest Service’s 2018 National Woodland Owner Survey, we investigated national and regional FFO wildfire attitudes and behaviors. We see that concern for wildfire is relatively high across the United States; however, this concern does not always lead to wildfire reduction activities on the landscape. There is some variation among regions, with concern about wildfire and past wildfire reduction activities highest in the western US (76% and 37%, respectively), followed by the South (63% and 11%, respectively), and lowest in the northern region (50% and 8%, respectively). Understanding these aspects of wildfire and FFOs on a national level provides a broader context for the more focused studies across the country and acts as a launch point for more in-depth research in the future.Study Implications: This study assesses family forest owner (FFO) wildfire concern, information needs, and action, both past and intended, at national and regional levels across the United States. As wildfire is predicted to increase in frequency and severity into the future due to climate change, this research provides a reference line and a launch point for future studies. Understanding current concern levels and landowner characteristics can inform programs and policies aimed at mitigating severe wildfires. For example, the disconnect between concerns and actions can be used as an entry point for motivating additional owners to take steps towards active management. Concentrating efforts in fire-prone areas is important, but seeing that wildfire is a concern of family forest owners across much of the country suggests that this can be an important issue for starting conversations with many owners and possibly increasing their engagement with conservation efforts.
Regional and temporal variation in escape history of Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon
Authors: Strand Nina , Glover Kevin A , Meier Sonnich , Ayllon Fernando , Wennevik Vidar , Madhun Abdullah , Skaala Øystein , Hamre Kristin , Fjelldal Per Gunnar , Hansen Tom , Niemelä Eero , Knutar Sofie , Fjeldheim Per Tommy , Solberg Monica F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Each year thousands of farmed Atlantic salmon escape from seawater net pens, and introgression has been documented in a range of wild populations. Due to greater experience in the wild, escapees that have been on the run for a longer period, and successfully transitioned to a wild diet (classified: “early escapees”), could potentially have a higher spawning success and contribute more to introgression than those that have been on the run for a shorter period and/or have not transitioned to a wild diet (classified: “recent escapees”). This is the first study to examine how the escape history of farmed Atlantic salmon captured in multiple rivers and coastal fisheries, varies in time and space. During 2011–2021, adult farmed escaped salmon were captured in four rivers and at six coastal sites in Norway. The level of linoleic acid, a terrestrial fatty acid high in commercial salmon feeds but low in the natural diet of wild salmon, was used to classify the farmed salmon as early or recent escapees. We observed temporal declines in the relative proportions of escaped vs. wild salmon in the catches, and the relative proportion of early vs. recent escapees in the most southern river (driven by samples from 2011 to 2015). Overall, 14% of the escaped salmon caught in the period were classified as early escapees. The relative proportion of early escapees was lower in the two southernmost rivers (21.2% and 6.30%), as compared to the coastal fisheries (40.9%) and the northernmost river (77.6%). Both aquaculture–management regulations and production strategies have likely influenced these observations.
Theorizing Decision-Making in International Bureaucracies: UN Peacekeeping Operations and Responses to Norm Violations
Authors: Oksamytna Kseniya , Tansey Oisín , von Billerbeck Sarah , Gippert Birte Julia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many international organizations (IOs) provide assistance to governments through country offices or peacekeeping operations. Sometimes, government authorities in countries receiving IO services violate norms that underpin the IO’s engagement. IO officials must then choose between confrontational and conciliatory responses. These responses are located on a spectrum that ranges from a firm and public response to silence and downplaying. How do IO officials decide on their response? Based on over 200 interviews with UN peacekeeping officials, we argue that the factors that shape their decision-making are found across three categories: individual, departmental, and positional. In terms of individual characteristics, previous experience, career security, and the length of service at a particular duty station matter. Regarding departmental factors, politicization of work, professional composition, and the type of interlocutors predispose departments to be supporters or critics of authorities in recipient countries. In terms of positional considerations, the place of a post or department in the IO hierarchy, relations with other IO entities, and the distance from the field play a role. While important in its own right, decision-making by civilian UN peacekeeping officials is informative about similar processes in other complex international bureaucracies that employ individuals from diverse backgrounds.
Multiphase neutral interstellar medium: analysing simulation with H i 21cm observational data analysis techniques
Authors: Bhattacharjee Soumyadeep , Roy Nirupam , Sharma Prateek , Seta Amit , Federrath Christoph 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Several different methods are regularly used to infer the properties of the neutral interstellar medium (ISM) using atomic hydrogen (H i) 21cm absorption and emission spectra. In this work, we study various techniques used for inferring ISM gas phase properties, namely the correlation between brightness temperature and optical depth (TB(v), τ(v)) at each channel velocity (v), and decomposition into Gaussian components, by creating mock spectra from a 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a two-phase, turbulent ISM. We propose a physically motivated model to explain the TB(v) − τ(v) distribution and relate the model parameters to properties like warm gas spin temperature and cold cloud length-scales. Two methods based on Gaussian decomposition – using only absorption spectra and both absorption and emission spectra – are used to infer the column density distribution as a function of temperature. In observations, such analysis reveals the puzzle of large amounts (significantly higher than in simulations) of gas with temperature in the thermally unstable range of ∼200–2000 K and a lack of the expected bimodal (two-phase) temperature distribution. We show that, in simulation, both methods are able to recover the actual gas distribution in the simulation till temperatures ≲2500 K (and the two-phase distribution in general) reasonably well. We find our results to be robust to a range of effects such as noise, varying emission beam size, and simulation resolution. This shows that the observational inferences are unlikely to be artefacts, thus highlighting a tension between observations and simulations. We discuss possible reasons for this tension and ways to resolve it.
Influence of departures from LTE on determinations of the scandium abundances in A–B-type stars
Authors: Mashonkina Lyudmila 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We developed a comprehensive model atom of Sc ii–Sc iii. Abundances of scandium for a sample of eight unevolved A9–B3-type stars with well-determined atmospheric parameters were determined based on the non-local thermodynamical equilibrium (NLTE) line formation for Sc ii–Sc iii and high-resolution observed spectra. For the Sc ii lines, the abundance differences between NLTE and local thermodynamical equilibrium (LTE) grow rapidly with increasing effective temperature (Teff), from slightly negative at Teff = 7250 K to positive ones of up to 0.6 dex at Teff = 10 400 K. For Sc iii in ι Her, NLTE reduces the line-to-line scatter substantially compared to the LTE case. The NLTE abundances of Sc in our five superficially normal stars are consistent within the error bars with the Solar system Sc abundance, while the LTE abundances of the late B-type stars are greatly subsolar. NLTE reduces but does not remove a deficiency of Sc in the Am stars HD 72660 and Sirius. Based on our own and the literature data, the Ca/Sc abundance ratios of the sample of 16 Am stars were found to be close together, with [Ca/Sc] = 0.6–0.7. We propose the Ca/Sc abundance ratio, but not the abundances of individual Ca and Sc elements to be used for classifying a star as Am and for testing the diffusion models. We provide the NLTE abundance corrections for 10 lines of Sc ii in a grid of model atmospheres appropriate for A to late B-type stars.
SN 2022vqz: a peculiar subluminous Type Ia supernova with prominent early excess emission
Authors: Xi Gaobo , Wang Xiaofeng , Li Gaici , Liu Jialian , Yan Shengyu , Lin Weili , Zhao Jieming , Filippenko Alexei V , Zheng WeiKang , Brink Thomas G , Yang Y , Ehgamberdiev Shuhrat A , Mirzaqulov Davron , Reguitti Andrea , Pastorello Andrea , Tomasella Lina , Cai Yongzhi , Zhang Jujia , Li Zhitong , Zhang Tianmeng , Sai Hanna , Chen Zhihao , Liu Qichun , Ma Xiaoran , Xiang Danfeng 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We present extensive photometric and spectroscopic observations of the peculiar Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2022vqz. It shares many similarities with the SN 2002es-like SNe Ia, such as low luminosity ($M_{B,\rm max}=-18.11\pm 0.16$ mag) and moderate post-peak decline rate (Δm15,B = 1.33 ± 0.11 mag). The nickel mass synthesized in the explosion is estimated as 0.20 ± 0.04 M⊙ from the bolometric light curve, which is obviously lower than that of normal SNe Ia. SN 2022vqz is also characterized by slowly expanding ejecta, with Si ii velocities persisting around 7000 km s−1 since 16 d before peak brightness, unique among all known SNe Ia. While all of these properties imply a lower energy thermonuclear explosion that should leave a considerable amount of unburnt materials, the absent signature of unburnt carbon in spectra of SN 2022vqz is puzzling. A prominent early peak is clearly detected in the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System c- and o-band light curves and in the Zwicky Transient Facility gr-band data within days after the explosion. Possible mechanisms for the early peak are discussed, including the sub-Chandrasekhar-mass double-detonation model and interaction of SN ejecta with circumstellar material. We find that both models face some difficulties in replicating all aspects of the observed data. As an alternative, we propose a hybrid C–O–Ne white dwarf as the progenitor of SN 2022vqz; it can simultaneously reconcile the tension between low ejecta velocity and the absence of carbon. We further discuss the diversity of SN 2002es-like objects and their origin in the context of different scenarios.
The influence of hemispherical albedo on the dynamics of cometary particles
Authors: Wesołowski Marcin , Potera Piotr , Gronkowski Piotr , Skała Patrycja , Sobaszek Joanna 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a new approach to determining the dimensions of particles that can be lifted to a coma by the sublimation flux of water ice. Due to the diverse colour of the cometary surfaces, in the presented calculations we take into account the influence of the reflectance coefficient (hemispherical albedo) on the size of particles lifted from the surface of the nucleus. A Cary 5000 spectrometer was used to measure hemispherical albedo. Spectroscopic measurements used dust particles that consisted of pure silicate or were a mixture of pure silicate and organic compounds such as charcoal, soot, and ash. In addition, these admixtures acted as a means of darkening the tested sample. Depending on the colour of the sample and the wavelength, the measured value of hemispherical albedo oscillated in the range from 4.93 per cent to 48.65 per cent. A thermodynamic model of cometary matter emission was developed based on the results of hemispherical albedo measurements. The performed numerical simulations show that the temperature decreases with the increase of the hemispherical albedo, which translates into the sublimation flux and the dynamics of the dust-ice particles present on the surface of the cometary nucleus. Taking into account the extreme values of the hemispherical albedo, the differences in the size of particles carried away from the surface of the nucleus are in the order of centimeters.
21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization: a machine learning upgrade to foreground removal with Gaussian process regression
Authors: Acharya Anshuman , Mertens Florent , Ciardi Benedetta , Ghara Raghunath , Koopmans Léon V E , Giri Sambit K , Hothi Ian , Ma Qing-Bo , Mellema Garrelt , Munshi Satyapan 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
In recent years, a Gaussian process regression (GPR)-based framework has been developed for foreground mitigation from data collected by the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR), to measure the 21-cm signal power spectrum from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) and cosmic dawn. However, it has been noted that through this method there can be a significant amount of signal loss if the EoR signal covariance is misestimated. To obtain better covariance models, we propose to use a kernel trained on the grizzly simulations using a Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE)-based algorithm. In this work, we explore the abilities of this machine learning-based kernel (VAE kernel) used with GPR, by testing it on mock signals from a variety of simulations, exploring noise levels corresponding to ≈10 nights (≈141 h) and ≈100 nights (≈1410 h) of observations with LOFAR. Our work suggests the possibility of successful extraction of the 21-cm signal within 2σ uncertainty in most cases using the VAE kernel, with better recovery of both shape and power than with previously used covariance models. We also explore the role of the excess noise component identified in past applications of GPR and additionally analyse the possibility of redshift dependence on the performance of the VAE kernel. The latter allows us to prepare for future LOFAR observations at a range of redshifts, as well as compare with results from other telescopes.