bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depressive symptoms associated with infection prevention measures and daily lifestyle habit characteristics among Japanese community‐dwelling older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hamatani Masako , Su Ya , Yuki Michiko , Ogawa Natsuka , Kawahara Kayoko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to clarify the relationship between depressive symptoms and infection prevention measures and daily lifestyle habits during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among community‐dwelling Japanese older adults.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on older residents (age ≥65 years) living in the Tama area of Tokyo and Sapporo, Hokkaido, in 2021. A self‐administered questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data on demographics, the impact of the pandemic on physical condition, and depressive symptoms, infection prevention measures, and daily lifestyle habits during the pandemic. The Geriatric Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms.ResultsIn total, 554 respondents were included in the analysis. The results of multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that refraining from going out and visiting medical institutions were associated with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, those who went out almost every day were less likely to have depressive symptoms than the others, those who exercised almost every day were less likely to have depressive symptoms than were those who almost never exercised, and those who slept 6–7 h were less likely to have depressive symptoms than were those who slept ≤5 h.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study suggest the necessity of having a place where older adults with physical and lifestyle concerns can consult with healthcare providers in a location other than a medical institution, even during infectious disease outbreaks. In addition, increasing the frequencies of going out and independent exercise and sleeping 6–7 h may help prevent depression among older adults.
The suprapatellar fat pad: A histotopographic comparative study
Authors: Stocco Elena , Contran Martina , Fontanella Chiara Giulia , Petrelli Lucia , Toniolo Ilaria , Emmi Aron , Romanato Filippo , Porzionato Andrea , De Caro Raffaele , Macchi Veronica 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe suprapatellar fat pad is an adipose tissue located in the anterior knee whose role in osteoarthritis is still debated. Considering that anatomy drives function, the aim of this histotopographic study was to investigate the specific morphological features of the suprapatellar fat pad versus the infrapatellar fat pad in the absence of osteoarthritis, for a broad comparative analysis. Suprapatellar fat pad and infrapatellar fat pad tissue samples (n = 10/group) underwent microscopical/immunohistochemical staining and transmission electron microscopy analysis; thus, tissue‐specific characteristics (i.e., vessels and nerve endings presence, lobuli, adipocytes features, septa), including extracellular matrix proteins prevalence (collagens, elastic fibers), were focused. Multiphoton microscopy was also adopted to evaluate collagen fiber orientation within the samples by Fast Fourier Transform (coherency calculation). The absence of inflammation was confirmed, and comparable counted vessels and nerve endings were shown. Like the infrapatellar fat pad, the suprapatellar fat pad appeared as a white adipose tissue with lobuli and septa of comparable diameter and thickness, respectively. Tissue main characteristics were also proved by both semithin sections and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The suprapatellar fat pad adipocytes were roundish and with a smaller area, perimeter, and major axis than that of the infrapatellar fat pad. The collagen fibers surrounding them showed no significant difference in collagen type I and significantly higher values for collagen type III in the infrapatellar fat pad group. Regarding the septa, elastic fiber content was statistically comparable between the two groups, even though more represented by the suprapatellar fat pad. Total collagen was significantly higher in the infrapatellar fat pad and comparing collagen type I and type III they were similarly represented in the whole cohort despite collagen type I appearing to be higher in the infrapatellar fat pad than in the suprapatellar fat pad and vice versa for collagen type III. Second harmonic generation microscopy confirmed through coherency calculation an anisotropic distribution of septa collagen fibers. From a mechanical point of view, the different morphological characteristics determined a major stiffness for the infrapatellar fat pad with respect to the suprapatellar fat pad. This study provides, for the first time, a topographic description of the suprapatellar fat pad compared to the infrapatellar fat pad; differences between the two groups may be attributed to a different anatomical location within the knee; the results gathered here may be useful for a more complete interpretation of osteoarthritis disease, involving not only cartilage but the whole joint.
Hypnotic effects of melatonin depend on the environmental lighting conditions in the rat
Authors: Wang Yumeng , Deboer Tom 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAcute effects of exogenous melatonin have been widely reported to promote sleep or induce drowsiness in human. However, testing of the hypnotic effects of melatonin in nocturnal rodents has yielded contradictory results. The latter may be associated with differences in concentration, lighting conditions, time of administration of melatonin, and possibly the type of analysis. In this study, electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram were recorded in pigmented male Brown Norway rats under both light‐dark (LD) and constant dark (DD) conditions. Melatonin was administered intraperitoneally at a moderate dose of 3 mg/kg, at either 1 h after lights on under LD condition or 1 h after the activity offset under DD condition. The dosage is known to be able to entrain nocturnal rodents in DD conditions, but does not change sleep in rodents in LD. Only the rats under DD conditions showed a significant reduction in nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep latency, while the NREM sleep power spectrum remained unaffected. Under LD condition, melatonin did not alter NREM and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency, and had only minor effects on the NREM sleep EEG. Regardless of lighting conditions, melatonin administration resulted in less, but longer episodes for all vigilance states suggesting increased vigilance state consolidation. In the discussion, we compare our results with a summary of previously published data concerning the hypnotic effects of melatonin in polysomnographic/EEG‐confirmed sleep in humans and nocturnal rodents. In conclusion, the hypnotic effect of exogenous melatonin in nocturnal rodents not only depends on the time of day, and concentration, but is also influenced by the lighting conditions. Regardless of inducing sleep or not, melatonin may consolidate sleep and through that enhance sleep quality.
Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam following intravenous administration at different doses in sheep
Authors: Gungor Huseyin , Corum Orhan , Durna Corum Duygu , Kumru Alper Serhat , Yilmaz Gökhan , Coskun Devran , Coskun Alparslan , Uney Kamil 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine the pharmacokinetic change after intravenous administration of meloxicam at doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg to sheep. The study was carried out on six Akkaraman sheep. Meloxicam was administered intravenously to each sheep at 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg doses in a longitudinal pharmacokinetic design with a 15‐day washout period. Plasma concentrations of meloxicam were determined using the high performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet, and pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated by non‐compartmental analysis. Meloxicam was detected up to 48 h in the 0.5 mg/kg dose and up to 96 h in the 1 and 2 mg/kg doses. As the dose increased from 0.5 to 2 mg/kg, terminal elimination half‐life, and dose normalized area under the concentration versus time curve increased and total clearance decreased. Compared to the 1 mg/kg dose, it was determined that Vdss decreased and C0.083h increased in the 2 mg/kg dose. Meloxicam provided the therapeutic concentration of >0.39 μg/mL reported in other species for 12, 48 and 96 h at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg doses, respectively. These results show that meloxicam exhibits non‐linear pharmacokinetics and will achieve unpredictable plasma concentrations when administered IV for a rapid effect at dose of ≥1 mg/kg in sheep.
Turkey's Nuclear Security Regime: An Assessment
Authors: Udum Şebnem 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe 9/11 attacks prompted the development of an international nuclear security regime. States are expected to adopt legislation and institutionalize measures to ensure cooperation among stakeholders and create their own national nuclear security regimes. This article evaluates the steps taken by Turkey, a newcomer in nuclear energy. It argues that while Ankara has acted in line with its traditional conception of security, this is not enough. The inadequate cooperation and coordination among stakeholders, and the insufficient development of a security culture specifically oriented to nuclear energy, leave the country vulnerable. The analysis explains the vulnerabilities and incomplete tasks, and proposes actions necessary for Turkey to create a sound national nuclear security regime.
Decolonisation for health: A lifelong process of unlearning for Australian white nurse educators
Authors: Rix Elizabeth , Doran Frances , Wrigley Beth , Rotumah Darlene 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIndigenous nurse scholars across nations colonised by Europeans articulate the need for accomplices (as opposed to mere performative allies) to work alongside them and support their ongoing struggle for health equity and respect and to prioritise and promote culturally safe healthcare. Although cultural safety is now being mandated in nursing codes of practice as a strategy to address racism in healthcare, it is important that white nurse educators have a comprehensive understanding about cultural safety and the pedagogical skills needed to teach it to undergraduate nurses. We open this article with stories of our journeys as two white nurses in becoming accomplices and working alongside Indigenous Peoples, as patients and colleagues. Our lived experience of the inertia of healthcare and education organisations to address systemic and institutional resistance to the practice of cultural safety underpins the intention of this article. We understand that delivering this challenging and complex topic effectively and respectfully is best achieved when Indigenous and white educators work together at the cultural interface. Doing so requires commitment from white nurses and power holders within universities and healthcare institutions. A decolonising approach to nurse education at individual and institutional levels is fundamental to support and grow the work that needs to be done to reduce health inequity and increase cultural safety. White nurse accomplices can play an important role in teaching future nurses the importance of critical reflection and aiming to reduce power imbalances and racism within healthcare environments. Reducing power imbalances in healthcare environments and decolonising nursing practice is the strength of a cultural safety framework.
The logic of war in the grammar of commerce: Geoeconomics revisited
Authors: Luttwak Edward N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis commentary reviews the origins and context in which the author's conception of ‘geoeconomics’ emerged. As such, it responds to Mallin and Sidaway's (2023) genealogical reconstruction of geoeconomics, rejecting their association of the concept with the ultra‐nationalistic iterations ofGeoökonomiein Weimar Germany. The author reflects on the reception of his notion of geoeconomics, highlighting the contrasting fortunes of the associated ideas in France and the United States.
Homozygous SPTA1‐associated hereditary pyropoikilocytosis presenting as hydrops fetalis
Authors: Brancamp Rachel , Hughes Caitlin E. , Dar Anna , Polic Aleksandra , Zuckerwise Lisa C. , Booth Garrett S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionHereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) is a heterogeneous inherited disorder of red blood cell (RBC) membrane and cytoskeletal proteins that leads to hemolytic anemia. HPP is characterized by marked poikilocytosis, microspherocytes, RBC fragmentation, and elliptocytes on peripheral blood smear. Mutations in SPTA1 can cause HPP due to a quantitative defect in α‐spectrin and can lead to profound fetal anemia and nonimmune hydrops fetalis, which can be managed with intrauterine transfusion.Case PresentationWe present a case of a 26‐year‐old G4P2102 woman of Amish‐Mennonite ancestry with a pregnancy complicated by fetal homozygosity for an SPTA1 gene variant (SPTA1c.6154delG) as well as severe fetal anemia and hydrops fetalis, which was managed with four intrauterine transfusions between 26 and 30 weeks gestation. Pre‐transfusion peripheral smears from fetal blood samples showed RBC morphology consistent with HPP. The neonate had severe hyperbilirubinemia at birth, which has resolved, but remains transfusion‐dependent at 6 months of life.Discussion/ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first report that correlates homozygosity of the SPTA1c.6154delG gene variant with RBC dysmorphology and establishes the diagnosis of HPP.
On the Line Graph Associated to the Total Graph of a Module
Authors: Goswami Jituparna , K. Saikia Helen 
Published: November 2023

Let R be a commutative ring with unity and M be an R-module with T Γ(M ) be its total graph. The subject of this article is the investigation of the properties of the corresponding line graph L(T Γ(M )).In particular, we determine the girth and clique number of L(T Γ(M )). In addition to that, we find a condition for L(T Γ(M )) to be Eulerian.
On Markovian Modeling of Vehicular Traffic Flow in Gwagwalada Metropolis, Nigeria.
Authors: Oguntade Emmanue Segun , Bako Sunday Samuel , Mayaki Godwin Monday 
Published: November 2023

Analysis of queue performance parameters is inevitable for efficient and effective congestion control and traffic free networking system. This study assesses the efficiency and effectiveness of road traffic systems, using the Atlas Hotel road intersection, Gwagwalada, Abuja Nigeria as a case study. Queue theory analytic methodologies are applied and parameters such as average arrival and service rate are calculated based on the data obtained at the said junction on daily basis for a period of one week. Inter-arrival time is 10 seconds and M/M/3 queue model was found appropriate. Considering the 15278 vehicles observed, major arrivals and departure were on the SDP leg, while the least arrivals and departure was witnessed on the Town-Hall leg, the El-Rufai and NITEL legs had varying degrees of arrivals and departure. Based on the data gathered, it was observed that the evenings record the highest magnitude of vehicular traffic at the intersection while mornings had the least. It was concluded that with reference to the intersection studied, road traffic system performance within the Gwagwalada metropolis is stable as Level of Service is A with Average Control Delay(seconds/vehicle) . Modernization and re-design of roadways, traffic education, as well as introduction of road traffic utilities were recommended.
Developmentally programmed obesity: Is there a role for anti‐inflammatory nutritional strategies?
Authors: Kearns Michelle L. , Reynolds Clare M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPregnancy represents a period of immense maternal physiological adaptation, with progressive increases in lipid storage potential and insulin resistance to support fetal/placental growth. This requires significant change in the adipose tissue. Women living with obesity/overweight are more susceptible to these changes causing complications such as gestational diabetes. This is particularly worrying as up to 60% of European women are living with overweight/obesity at the onset of pregnancy. Furthermore, less than 1% meet all nutrition guidelines. There is now evidence that these deep metabolic changes can result in a predisposition to metabolic disease in both the mother and child in later life. Health and nutrition status during this period therefore represents a window to future health. This period offers a valuable opportunity for intervention to prevent the negative consequences of poor in utero environments and increases the long‐term quality of life for mother and offspring. This review will examine a range of in utero factors which determine adipose tissue development, the impact of these factors on later‐life obesity and metabolic health and the therapeutic value of dietary anti‐inflammatory nutritional interventions during pregnancy and early life. When it comes to early life nutrition, a ‘one size fits all’ approach is not always appropriate. Understanding the mechanisms of adipose tissue development in response to differing nutritional strategies may be important in the context of complicated or adverse in utero environments and represents a substantial step towards a more personalised nutritional approach for the prevention of obesity, metabolic syndrome and related non‐communicable diseases in future generations.
Mechanical Metamaterials Fabricated From Self-Assembly: A Perspective
Authors: Jin Hanxun , Espinosa Horacio D. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mechanical metamaterials, whose unique mechanical properties stem from their structural design rather than material constituents, are gaining popularity in engineering applications. In particular, recent advances in self-assembly techniques offer the potential to fabricate load-bearing mechanical metamaterials with unparalleled feature size control and scalability compared to those produced by additive manufacturing (AM). Yet, the field is still in its early stages. In this perspective, we first provide an overview of the state-of-the-art self-assembly techniques, with a focus on the copolymer and colloid crystal self-assembly processes. We then discuss current challenges and future opportunities in this research area, focusing on novel fabrication approaches, the need for high-throughput characterization methods, and the integration of Machine Learning (ML) and lab automation for inverse design. Given recent progress in all these areas, we foresee mechanical metamaterials fabricated from self-assembly techniques impacting a variety of applications relying on lightweight, strong, and tough materials.
A Data-Centric Approach to Loss Mechanisms
Authors: Senior Alistair C. , Miller Robert J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Breaking down the total loss in a turbomachine into a number of low-order, physical models is a powerful way of developing loss models for informing design decisions. Better loss models lead to better design decisions. A problem, however, is that in complex flows, it is often not clear how to break a flow down physically without making assumptions. An additional problem is that the designer often does not know what assumptions should be made to derive the most accurate and general physical models. In practice, this problem often leads to loss models of low accuracy, which only work in a limited part of the overall design space. This paper shows that machine learning can be used to augment a designer in the process of developing loss models for complex flows. It is shown that it is able to help a designer discover new, more accurate and general, physical models, highlighting to a designer what assumptions should be made to retain the physics important to the problem. The paper illustrates the new method using the problem of compressor and turbine profile loss. This problem was chosen because it is well understood and therefore is a good way of validating the new method. However, surprisingly the new method is shown to be able to develop a new profile loss model which is more accurate and general than previous models. This is shown to have been achieved by the machine learning finding a new, more general, underlying model for trailing edge mixing loss.
Female Physiology–Endocrinology: Education Is Lacking and Innovation Is Needed!
Authors: Hackney Anthony C. , Elliott-Sale Kirsty J. 
Published: November 2023

Throughout their lifespans, women undergo unique endocrinological changes relative to their reproductive hormones. The influence of how the female sex steroid hormones have nonreproductive actions is a trending topic of great interest in the exercise–sports sciences, especially among women of reproductive age. Herein, we present several key points on our perspective for moving the study of this topic forward in the future. These are (a) encouraging researchers to pursue high-quality research on female physiology–endocrinology in the exercise–sports science setting, (b) the need for exercise–sports science educational curriculums at the university level to embrace the study of female physiology–endocrinology area, and (c) the need for innovation in the study of this topic. As such, we propose using research design models involving supraphysiological hormonal states in vivo, that is, pregnancy and in vitro fertilization treatment, to gain new insights on sex steroid hormonal actions in women. Herein, we provide the rationale for our recommendations as well as a brief physiological overview of these clinical states. We acknowledge, exercise sports sciences need more studies on women! But there is a need to “think outside the box” on this topic, and we encourage researchers to be unconventional, be bold, think creatively, and contemplate whether these supraphysiological hormonal states might give them insightful information on female physiology and ovarian sex steroid hormones actions.
HIV-1 infection of genetically engineered iPSC-derived central nervous system-engrafted microglia in a humanized mouse model
Authors: Min Alice K. , Javidfar Behnam , Missall Roy , Doanman Donald , Durens Madel , Graziani Mara , Mordelt Annika , Marro Samuele G. , de Witte Lotje , Chen Benjamin K. , Swartz Talia H. , Akbarian Schahram 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

The central nervous system (CNS) is a major human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) reservoir. Microglia are the primary target cell of HIV-1 infection in the CNS. Current models have not allowed the precise molecular pathways of acute and chronic CNS microglial infection to be tested with
in vivo
genetic methods. Here, we describe a novel-humanized mouse model utilizing human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia to xenograft into murine hosts. These mice are additionally engrafted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells that serve as a medium to establish a peripheral infection that then spreads to the CNS microglia xenograft, modeling a trans-blood-brain barrier route of acute CNS HIV-1 infection with human target cells. The approach is compatible with iPSC genetic engineering, including inserting targeted transgenic reporter cassettes to track the xenografted human cells, enabling the testing of novel treatment and viral tracking strategies in a comparatively simple and cost-effective
in vivo
model for neuroHIV.

IMPORTANCE

Our mouse model is a powerful tool for investigating the genetic mechanisms governing central nervous system (CNS) human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection and latency in the CNS at a single-cell level. A major advantage of our model is that it uses induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia, which enables human genetics, including gene function and therapeutic gene manipulation, to be explored
in vivo
, which is more challenging to study with current hematopoietic stem cell-based models for neuroHIV. Our transgenic tracing of xenografted human cells will provide a quantitative medium to develop new molecular and epigenetic strategies for reducing the HIV-1 latent reservoir and to test the impact of therapeutic inflammation-targeting drug interventions on CNS HIV-1 latency.