bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of differentiation and proliferation related proteins in epithelium of prophylactically removed ovaries from women with a hereditary female adnexal cancer predisposition
Authors: Piek J M J , Verheijen R H M , Menko F H , Jongsma A P M , Weegenaar J , Gille J J P , Pals G , Kenemans P , Van Diest P J 
Published: December 2004

Aims:  To investigate the occurrence of preinvasive neoplastic lesions in ovarian surface epithelium and ovarian inclusion cyst epithelium of women with a hereditary predisposition to the development of female adnexal (ovarian and fallopian tube) carcinoma and to assess the expression of differentiation and proliferation related proteins within putative sites of origin of serous ovarian carcinoma, the ovarian surface epithelium and ovarian inclusion cyst epithelium.Methods:  Twenty‐one ovaries, prophylactically removed from 11 women predisposed to the development of female adnexal cancer (cases) were compared with 22 ovaries from 11 women without such predisposition (controls). Archival histological specimens were screened for hyperplastic and dysplastic epithelial lesions. In both the ovarian surface and inclusion cyst epithelia, the percentage of cells was determined that stained positively for Ki67, p21, p27, p53, cyclin A, cyclin D1, bcl‐2 and the presence of HER‐2/neu, oestrogen (ER‐α) and progesterone receptors (PR).Results:  No preinvasive neoplastic lesions were detected. However, hyperplastic areas were found in three cases and in four controls (NS). ER‐α (P = 0.013), PR (P < 0.001), bcl‐2 (P = 0.008), p21 (P = 0.046) and p27 (P = 0.008) were expressed in a significantly higher percentage of cells in inclusion cyst epithelium than in ovarian surface epithelium (both groups). The latter showed higher bcl‐2 expression in cases (P = 0.05) compared with controls. The inclusion cyst epithelium of cases showed higher expression of bcl‐2 (P = 0.006) and PR (P = 0.039) compared with controls. Proliferation was low in both cases and controls as reflected by low Ki67 expression. Over‐expression of p53, cyclin D1 and HER‐2/neu was not detected.Conclusions:  Premalignant changes are not a common feature of ovaries removed prophylactically from women predisposed to the development of female adnexal carcinoma. Increased expression of p21, p27, and ER‐α is seen in inclusion cyst compared with ovarian surface epithelium of women with and without an inherited risk of adnexal carcinoma. This is most probably caused by the different intraovarian hormonal milieu of inclusion cyst epithelium. However, the increased expression of bcl‐2 and PR in the inclusion cyst epithelium of patients with a hereditary predisposition may reflect early disruption of hormonal balance and growth control.
Syndecan‐1 expression in thyroid carcinoma: stromal expression followed by epithelial expression is significantly correlated with dedifferentiation
Authors: Ito Y , Yoshida H , Nakano K , Takamura Y , Miya A , Kobayashi K , Yokozawa T , Matsuzuka F , Matsuura N , Kuma K , Miyauchi A 
Published: December 2004

Aim:  To investigate the expression of syndecan‐1 in thyroid neoplasia. Syndecan‐1 is a proteoglycan regulating cell adhesion. Previous studies have demonstrated that decreased expression of syndecan‐1 is linked to malignant progression.Methods and results:  Syndecan‐1 expression in thyroid neoplasia was studied immunohistochemically. Syndecan‐1 was expressed in stromal cells as well as neoplastic epithelial cells. Stromal syndecan‐1 expression was observed more frequently in papillary carcinomas larger than 10 mm in size than in microcarcinomas and in widely invasive than in minimally invasive follicular carcinomas. Furthermore, poorly differentiated carcinomas showed this phenomenon more than well‐differentiated carcinomas, but the expression in undifferentiated carcinomas was similar to that of poorly differentiated carcinomas. Epithelial syndecan‐1 expression was more frequently observed in anaplastic (undifferentiated) carcinomas than in papillary and follicular carcinomas. No significant difference in epithelial expression was found between well and poorly differentiated carcinomas, but undifferentiated carcinomas expressed epithelial syndecan‐1 more frequently than did poorly differentiated carcinomas.Conclusions:  These results are in contrast to those previously reported for carcinomas at other sites. It is suggested that the role of syndecan‐1 in thyroid carcinomas might be unique. Stromal syndecan‐1 expression followed by its epithelial expression is significantly related to progression, including dedifferentiation of thyroid carcinoma.
A comparative histological and morphometric study of vascular changes in idiopathic portal hypertension and alcoholic fibrosis/cirrhosis
Authors: Tsuneyama K , Ohba K , Zen Y , Sato Y , Niwa H , Minato H , Nakanuma Y 
Published: December 2004

Aim:  To examine the pathological changes of hepatic arteries in idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) which is characterized by the obliteration of the intrahepatic portal vein branches and presinusoidal portal hypertension.Methods and results:  Liver specimens (biopsied or surgically resected) from 20 patients with IPH, 20 patients with alcoholic fibrosis/cirrhosis (AF/C) and 20 histologically normal livers were used. The vascular lumina of arterial and venous vessels in portal tracts were morphometrically evaluated by an image analysis system. The ratio of portal venous luminal area to portal tract area (portal venous index) of IPH and that of AF/C were significantly reduced compared with normal liver. The portal venous index for IPH was significantly lower than that for AF/C. The ratio of hepatic arterial luminal area to portal tract area for AF/C was significantly higher than that in normal liver; however, that for IPH was similar to normal. The peribiliary vascular plexus was increased in AF/C but not in IPH. In AF/C, the number of mast cells and macrophages known to be the source of angiogenic substances was significantly increased in the portal tract compared with normal liver, while in IPH it was not increased.Conclusions:  In AF/C, a reduction in portal venous lumen was associated with an increase of hepatic arterial lumen and of angiogenesis‐related cells in portal tracts. However, such compensatory arterial changes were not evident in IPH, and this compensatory failure may be a feature of IPH.
Clinicopathological analysis of 143 primary malignant lymphomas in the small and large intestines based on the new WHO classification
Authors: Kohno S , Ohshima K , Yoneda S , Kodama T , Shirakusa T , Kikuchi M 
Published: December 2004

Aim:  To study the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of 143 cases of primary small and large intestinal non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in Japanese patients who presented between 1981 and 2000.Methods and results:  The new World Health Organization (WHO) classification was used to classify NHL. The patients included 109 males and 34 females, with an average age of 54.1 years. Tumour sites were as follows: ileocaecal (n = 51, 35.7%), ileum (n = 29, 20.3%), rectum (n = 13, 9.1%), and duodenum (n = 11, 7.7%). Macroscopically, 124 cases (86.7%) were classified as tumorous type, 12 (8.4%) as diffuse infiltration type (erosion, superficial ulceration), five (3.5%) as polyposis type, and only two cases (1.4%) as ulceration type. Immunohistochemically, 122 lesions (85.3%) were of B‐cell phenotype and 21 lesions (14.7%) were of T‐cell phenotype. According to the WHO classification, of the B‐cell lymphomas, 84 cases (68.9%) were large cell, 16 (13.1%) were Burkitt, 10 (8.2%) were marginal zone B‐cell lymphomas of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), and seven (5.7%) were mantle cell tumours. Among the T‐cell lymphomas, 15 (71.4%) were of unspecified type, two (9.5%) were natural killer type, two were anaplastic large‐cell lymphomas, one was lymphoblastic, and one was an adult T‐cell leukaemia lymphoma. The survival rate for T‐cell lymphomas was poorer than for B‐cell lymphomas. Among the B‐cell lymphomas, mantle cell lymphoma tended to have a poorer prognosis, whereas MALT lymphomas had a better prognosis than other B‐cell tumour types.Conclusions:  Our retrospective study of patients with primary malignant lymphomas in the small and large intestines has illustrated the clinical features and outcomes of patients with this disease.
Glomerular crescents predominantly express cadherin–catenin complex in pauci‐immune‐type crescentic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Usui J , Kanemoto K , Tomari S , Shu Y , Yoh K , Mase K , Hirayama A , Hirayama K , Yamagata K , Nagase S , Kobayashi M , Nitta K , Horita S , Koyama A , Nagata M 
Published: December 2004

Aims:  To investigate the expression of the cadherin complex in human crescentic glomerulonephritis to elucidate the role of intercellular adherens junction molecules in crescent formation.Methods and results:  Immunostaining revealed cadherin complexes localized in Bowman's epithelial cells, but not in podocytes, of normal human glomeruli. Eight adult cases with myeloperoxidase anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (MPO‐ANCA)‐related (pauci‐immune type) crescentic glomerulonephritis were examined on immunofluorescence microscopy with anti‐pan cadherin, p120 catenin, and β‐catenin antibodies. The specimens provided six cellular crescents, 12 fibrocellular crescents, and four fibrotic crescents. Immunofluorescence was semiquantitatively estimated by the rate of the field of localization within the whole area of the crescent, according to the four‐grade system [(–) − (++)]. All the tested molecules consisting of the cadherin complex were abundantly observed in cytokeratin‐positive epithelial components in crescents, each with an equivalent area of localization. The expression of the cadherin complex was closely associated with that of cytokeratin and both diminished as the crescents developed from cellular to fibrotic.Conclusions:  The cadherin–catenin complex is a specific marker of Bowman's epithelial cells in human glomeruli. The cellular crescents in pauci‐immune‐type crescentic glomerulonephritis possess adherens junction molecules, indicating a principle parietal epithelial cell phenotype.
Small vessel vasculitis limited to pleuropulmonary manifestations, possibly induced by endotoxin
Authors: Kumasaka T , Mitani K , Izumi H , Miyamoto H , Takahashi K , Fukuchi Y , Suda K 
Published: December 2004

Aims:  We investigated a rare case of small vessel vasculitis (SVV) limited to pleuropulmonary manifestations, possibly induced by endotoxin, to determine the activation of immuno‐mediated cells and endothelia in the pleuropulmonary circulation.Methods and results:  A 44‐year‐old man with a high fever was X‐rayed, revealing bilateral pleural effusion and atelectasis in the chest. His laboratory data were within normal limits except for a high white blood cell count and a high C‐reactive protein level. Autoantibodies including anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody were negative. Endotoxin was detected in his sera, but repeated cultures of sputa, urine, blood and the pleural effusion were negative for bacteria. Video‐assisted thoracic surgery was performed and lung and parietal pleura specimens were obtained. Histology showed arterioles or small arteries infiltrated by monocytes or neutrophils with fibrinoid necrosis and acute or chronic venulitis. A diagnosis of SVV in the lung and pleura was made. Immunohistochemistry revealed that interleukin (IL)‐1β was expressed in monocytes and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)‐1 on endothelial cells in the vasculitic lesions in the lung.Conclusions:  Endotoxin possibly induced the inflammation in this apparently unique case of pleuropulmonary small vessel vasculitis. Immunohistochemistry revealed the expression of IL‐1β and VCAM‐1 which may have caused activation of monocytes and endothelial cells within the vasculitic lesions.
Fibromyxoid areas and immature osteoid are associated with recurrence of primary aneurysmal bone cysts
Authors: De Silva M V C , Raby N , Reid R 
Published: December 2004

Aims:  Primary aneurysmal bone cysts have a high recurrence rate following curettage. The aim of this study was to determine clinicopathological features associated with recurrence of aneurysmal bone cysts.Methods and results:  The clinicopathological features of 86 patients (37 males, 49 females, age range 5–62 years) with aneurysmal bone cysts were reviewed. Recurrence rates following curettage and excision were 32.7% and 5.6%, respectively (P = 0.028). The association of clinicopathological features with recurrence was studied in a subset of 45 patients treated by curettage. The presence of nodular fasciitis‐like fibromyxoid areas [P = 0.033, odds ratio (OR) = 9.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06, 79.39] and immature osteoid with active osteoblasts (P = 0.041, OR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.03, 13.35) was significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrence. Clinical and radiological features were not associated with recurrence. In a multivariate analysis, the presence of immature osteoid was a better predictor of recurrence than radiological activity (hazard ratio = 3.18, 95% CI 1.04, 9.73, P = 0.043). There was no statistically significant association between radiological activity and histological features.Conclusions:  Aneurysmal bone cysts with nodular fasciitis‐like fibromyxoid areas and immature osteoid with active osteoblasts are more likely to recur. Mention of these features in histopathology reports will help to identify patients who require closer follow‐up. Lesions that are apparently radiologically inactive may show fibroblastic and osteoblastic proliferation and therefore may recur.
‘Pseudomesotheliomatous’ carcinomas of the pleura: a 10‐year analysis of cases from the Environmental Lung Disease Research Group, Cardiff
Authors: Attanoos R L , Gibbs A R 
Published: December 2004

Aims:  To undertake a clinicopathological study of diffuse serosal neoplasms of epithelial histogenesis which clinically and pathologically mimic malignant pleural mesothelioma.Methods and results:  Over a 10‐year (1990–2000) study period 53 carcinomas mimicking diffuse pleural mesothelioma (‘pseudomesotheliomatous’ carcinoma) were identified. The study group comprised 50 men and three females, age range 33–77 (median 68) years. In 46 (87%) cases there was a history of smoking and in 40 (76%) cases a history of asbestos exposure. Histologically the pleural ‘pseudomesotheliomatous’ carcinomas could be divided into two broad groups: primary pulmonary carcinomas with florid pleurotropic growth (n = 47), of which 34 (70%) were adenocarcinomas; and diffuse carcinomatous involvement of the pleura by metastatic tumour (n = 6). This latter group comprised two transitional cell carcinomas of bladder, one renal (clear) cell carcinoma, one ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma, one prostatic adenocarcinoma and one squamous cell carcinoma of parotid gland origin. Follow‐up data were available in 35 cases. Regardless of tumour type, survival was poor (median 8 months) and comparable to diffuse pleural mesothelioma.Conclusions:  Pleural ‘pseudomesotheliomatous’ carcinomas are uncommon (comprising 6% of referrals), pathologically heterogeneous tumours with poor prognosis. Tissue diagnosis should be obtained in all cases of suspected diffuse pleural neoplasia. By light microscopy and immunophenotype many of the tumours mimicked malignant mesothelioma. In particular, an awareness that all neoplasms exhibiting squamous differentiation may express cytokeratin 5/6 and thrombomodulin is important to prevent misinterpretation. In this respect, calretinin is regarded as the most specific and sensitive mesothelial marker. Misdiagnosis may have medico–legal implications in asbestos‐related compensation claims.
Microsatellite instability in a pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma in a patient with hereditary non‐polyposis colorectal cancer
Authors: Den Bakker M A , Seynaeve C , Kliffen M , Dinjens W N M 
Published: December 2004

Aims:  To describe the rare occurrence of a pleomorphic sarcoma with microsatellite instability in a patient with hereditary non‐polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC).Methods and results:  A soft tissue tumour was removed from the upper leg of a patient who had previously been shown to harbour a germ‐line MSH‐2 mutation. The tumour was analysed with immunohistochemistry and molecular methods. The morphology and immunohistochemical findings were in keeping with a pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma. Microsatellite instability was documented in the tumour with molecular methods and in addition loss of MSH‐2 expression in the tumour cells was confirmed by immunohistochemistry.Conclusions:  Although sarcomas do not form part of the HNPCC diagnostic criteria, they may occur in this mismatch repair syndrome and, moreover, may well be caused by the underlying genetic defect.
Synchronous diffuse malignant mesothelioma and carcinomas in asbestos‐exposed individuals
Authors: Attanoos R L , Thomas D H , Gibbs A R 
Published: December 2004

Aims:  The development of synchronous diffuse malignant mesothelioma and carcinoma in individuals exposed to asbestos is rare. We report nine cases and discuss the medico–legal implications.Methods and results:  Five hundred patients seeking compensation for asbestos‐related diffuse malignant mesothelioma were reviewed with access to post‐mortem data. The study group comprised cases in which a second (non‐mesothelial) neoplasm was identified. The study group comprised eight males, one female, mean age 68 years (range 60–75). All individuals gave a history of asbestos exposure. Synchronous malignant mesothelioma with carcinoma was identified in 9/500 (1.8%). Eight malignant mesotheliomas were pleural, one was primary peritoneal in origin. By morphological subtyping there were four epithelioid, three biphasic and two sarcomatoid mesotheliomas. In 6/9 (67%) the second tumour was a primary bronchogenic carcinoma (three adenocarcinomas, two squamous cell carcinomas and one small‐cell carcinoma). In 3/9 (33%) the second tumour was a non‐bronchogenic carcinoma (colonic, pancreatic and breast ductal adenocarcinoma). No other neoplasms were identified in the cohort of malignant mesotheliomas studied. Five persons had pathological evidence of asbestosis (four had bronchogenic carcinomas, one colorectal adenocarcinoma). Two persons with non‐bronchogenic carcinomas had identifiable asbestos bodies but no interstitial fibrosis. In two cases the second neoplasms (primary bronchogenic squamous cell and small‐cell carcinomas) were associated with diffuse interstitial fibrosis but no asbestos bodies were seen on light microscopy. In each case transmission electron microscopic mineral analysis revealed an asbestos fibre burden within the background population range for control subjects and well below that seen in cases of established asbestosis. These cases were considered to represent cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis in subjects with a history of asbestos exposure.Conclusions:  Synchronous malignant mesothelioma with carcinomas in asbestos‐exposed workers is rare and identified in 1.8% of 500 malignant mesotheliomas in this series. In most cases the carcinoma represents a primary bronchogenic neoplasm. Primary lung carcinomas are recognized to be asbestos related only when occurring in association with asbestosis. In this series this combination (bronchogenic carcinoma and asbestosis) was seen in four (0.8%) cases. In post‐mortem cases for possible malignant mesothelioma it is important to identify any other neoplasia and determine whether it is related to asbestos. Their presence impact upon anticipated life expectancy and in the presence of malignant mesothelioma will affect the compensation settlement.
Differentiation of ovarian mucinous carcinoma and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma by immunostaining with β‐catenin
Authors: Chou Y‐Y , Jeng Y‐M , Kao H‐L , Chen T‐ J , Mao T‐L , Lin M‐C 
Published: December 2004

Aims:  To investigate whether localization of β‐catenin is helpful in differentiating primary ovarian mucinous carcinoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma metastatic to the ovary. Extra‐ovarian cancers which metastasize to the ovaries, especially from colorectal adenocarcinoma, frequently mimic primary ovarian carcinomas, particularly endometrioid and mucinous types. Distinguishing primary ovarian carcinoma from metastatic colorectal carcinoma is important for both therapeutic and prognostic reasons. Even after thorough histological examination, metastatic colorectal adenocarcinomas are still often mistaken for primary ovarian adenocarcinomas. Although some tumour makers have been advocated and are helpful in most cases, sometimes the distinction between primary mucinous carcinoma and metastatic colorectal carcinoma remains a problem. Activation of Wnt signalling through mutations of APC or β‐catenin is a key event in the development of colorectal cancer. These mutations lead to nuclear localization of β‐catenin, which can be demonstrated immunohistochemically.Methods and results:  Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded specimens from 43 primary ovarian mucinous carcinomas and 23 metastatic colorectal adenocarcinomas were included in this study. Sections were immunostained with antibodies to β‐catenin, cytokeratin (CK)7, CK20 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Nuclear localization of β‐catenin was found in 83% (19/23) of metastatic colorectal cancers and 9% (4/43) of ovarian mucinous carcinomas. Ovarian mucinous carcinomas were usually positive for CK7 (34/43, 79%). For comparison, 40 non‐mucinous carcinomas of the ovary and 42 metastatic adenocarcinomas from other organs were also immunostained with antibodies against β‐catenin. Although nuclear localization of β‐catenin was occasionally seen in non‐mucinous carcinoma of the ovary and metastatic adenocarcinoma from other organs, such tumours were usually distinguishable by their clinicopathological picture and rarely raised diagnostic problems.Conclusions:  Immunostaining of β‐catenin is a useful marker for differentiating between ovarian mucinous carcinoma and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Cystic sclerosing haemangioma of the lung
Authors: Khoury J D , Shephard M N , Moran C A 
Published: December 2004

Aims:  To present three cases of sclerosing haemangioma of the lung (SHL) with prominent cystic changes.Methods and results:  The patients were three women, 27, 35, and 64 years of age. In two cases, the lesion was found on routine chest X‐ray and in both instances the diagnosis of SHL was not entertained in the radiological differential diagnosis. In one case, the finding was discovered on post mortem examination. Grossly, the lesions were well‐circumscribed and cystic. Histologically, the tumours were characterized by a dual population of small and large bland‐appearing neoplastic cells growing in a predominantly cystic pattern. Immunohistochemical staining for epithelial membrane antigen by tumour cells was consistently positive in all three cases. All tumours were negative for keratin, CD34, factor VIII, and S100. The two patients in whom the lesion was identified ante‐mortem are alive and free of disease 4 and 7 years after surgical excision.Conclusions:  The present cases indicate that sclerosing haemangioma may present as a cystic pulmonary neoplasm; such a presentation should be taken into consideration when assessing cystic pulmonary lesions.