bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of stomatal patches for a single surface of Xanthium strumarium L. leaves observed with fluorescence and thermal images
Authors: WEST JEVIN D. , PEAK DAVID , PETERSON JAMES Q. , MOTT KEITH A. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTFluorescence and thermal imaging were used to examine the dynamics of stomatal patches for a single surface of Xanthium strumarium L. leaves following a decrease in ambient humidity. Patches were not observed in all experiments, and in many experiments the patches were short‐lived. In some experiments, however, patches persisted for many hours and showed complex temporal and spatial patterns. Rapidly sampled fluorescence images showed that the measurable variations of these patches were sufficiently slow to be captured by fluorescence images taken at 3‐min intervals using a saturating flash of light. Stomatal patchiness with saturating flashes of light was not demonstrably different from that without saturating flashes of light, suggesting that the regular flashes of light did not directly cause the phenomenon. Comparison of simultaneous fluorescence and thermal images showed that the fluorescence patterns were largely the result of stomatal conductance patterns, and both thermal and fluorescence images showed patches of stomatal conductance that propagated coherently across the leaf surface. These nondispersing patches often crossed a given region of the leaf repeatedly at regular intervals, resulting in oscillations in stomatal conductance for that region. The existence of these coherently propagating structures has implications for the mechanisms that cause patchy stomatal behaviour as well as for the physiological ramifications of this phenomenon.
Nitrogen balance and seasonal fluctuations in soil nitrogen contents in a corn (Zea mays L)‐rye (Secale cereale L) rotation field
Authors: Kurokawa Yuzo , Iijima Yoshiaki , Tanaka Haruo , Shioya Tetsuo , Suzuki Sohzoh 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn a corn (Zea mays L)‐rye (Secale cereale L) rotation field, the N output (plant uptake) and N input (crop residue and fertilizer applied) were measured for two years in order to evaluate the N balance in a forage production field. The soil was Low‐humic Andosol (mesic Typic Hapludand). The disappearance of crop residues on both a dry matter and N basis, and the seasonal fluctuations of total, inorganic, and available soil N content in the field were investigated. The interaction between the nitrogen balance and the soil N contents are discussed. The total plant N uptake of the corn and rye exceeded the sum of the N input of the fertilizer applied and the N from crop residues, so the N balance of the corn‐rye rotation had a negative value (two year average: −8.4 gN m−2). After the gradual disappearance of crop residue on the dry matter basis, rapid disappearance on the N basis was observed. At the same time, the C/N ratio decreased to less than 20. The soil available (38.4–55.3 mg kg−1) and inorganic (21.5–45.2 mg kg−1) N had their lowest values in spring. After they increased in early summer, they decreased in late summer and increased in autumn. The total N (0.5–0.7%) gradually decreased during the experimental period. The results indicated that the soil‐available N and inorganic N in the present study were highly dependent on the fertilizer‐applied N. The relation among management practices, N input and soil available N contents are discussed. It is suggested that the negative N balance is one of the causes for a decrease in soil total N.
A MODEL FOR TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE DISTRIBUTION DURING CONTINUOUS MICROWAVE DRYING*
Authors: BOLDOR D. , SANDERS T.H. , SWARTZEL K.R. , FARKAS B.E. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT A heat and mass transfer model of continuous drying of farmer stock (in‐shell, uncured) peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) in a planar microwave applicator was developed and investigated. Transport phenomena equations previously developed for batch‐type microwave drying were successfully adapted to account for the spatial variation of the electric field inside the applicator. The theoretical equations developed, together with experimental methods, were used to determine the effect of microwave power level and dielectric properties on the temperature profiles and reduction in peanuts’ moisture content (mc). The temperature profiles from the solution of these equations matched the experimental ones determined using fiber optic temperature probes inserted into drying peanut pods. An exact theoretical determination of mc reduction during microwave drying was not possible due to the dependence of dielectric properties on mc. The surface temperature distribution of the peanut bed measured using infrared pyrometry was well correlated with internal temperature profiles.
FOULING MODELS FOR HEAT EXCHANGERS IN DAIRY PROCESSING: A REVIEW
Authors: JUN S. , PURI V.M. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTFouling is a common food industry‐wide issue during thermal treatment using heat exchangers. It directly contributes toward increased energy costs in operation and maintenance, production losses and energy and water losses because of the repetitive cleaning operation, i.e., every 5–10 h in fluid food industry. There has been a considerable amount of work on modeling of the fouling process as well as the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic performances of heat exchangers. A variety of different fouling kinetics exists depending upon food components, types of heat exchangers and operating conditions. The available information on existing fouling models is summarized in terms of fouling mechanisms, dynamic performances of heat exchangers and integrated fouling dynamics. This review provides the basis for developing a vision of further research for understanding, quantifying and minimizing fouling of food materials in heat exchangers.
Rewriting a Dramatic Old Testament Story the Story of Jephthah and his Daughter in Some Examples of Christian Devotional Literature
Authors: Houtman Cornelis 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFour examples of the literary rewriting of Judg. 11:29-40 in devotional literature, dating from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century, are described and analysed. All do away with the simplicity and "neutrality" found in the biblical story of Jephthah and his daughter and turn it into high drama with sharply drawn and distinct protagonists and a sometimes exuberant depiction of atmosphere. In the hands of the authors the story becomes the bearer of the theological ideas and moral views which the novelists and poets and their times espoused.
The Provisions on Gift in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Smith Stephen 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe author offers a critical examination of the provisions on gift in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Focusing narrowly on the text of the code, the paper starts with a broad overview of, and commentary on, the provisions and then provides a detailed article-by-article commentary on individual provisions. Potential difficulties are identified (especially with respect to the notion of transfer, the repetition of articles, and the code's development of the concept of fiducia) and suggestions are offered for how the text might be clarified or, in certain cases, substantively changed. The author observes that the legal framework provided by the Russian code to regulate gift is a fundamentally sound one that broadly echoes the approach taken in other civil law jurisdictions.
Objects of Private Property in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and in the Civil Code of Quebec
Authors: Lametti David 
Published: April 2005

AbstractProperty norms, in expressing a relationship among people through resources, must address in some manner the organization of property rights and the classification of objects of property. Both the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and the Civil Code of Quebec express some notion of the idea of what the author has called property-as-object, taking the form of certain distinctions: movable/immovable, corporeal/incorporeal, capital/revenue, or in commerce/out of commerce.The Russian code contains a rich discussion of the objects of property, with a larger, more explicit formal role for objects in the understanding of property rights as compared to the Quebec code. The articles on objects in general manifest the traditional civilist distinctions, while set in the context of present Russian society.Moreover, notwithstanding some initial lack of clarity in the Russian code's classifi cation between the objects of property and the subject-matter of other patrimonial rights, the objects of property are clearly distinguishable as a category and are important to understanding property relations. Despite the focus in the Russian code on "things" as the objects of property as opposed to "rights in things", it is nevertheless the case that the latter are an important part of the property relationship, and cannot be disentangled from "things".
Egr-1 abrogates the block imparted by c-Myc on terminal M1 myeloid differentiation
Authors: Shafarenko Marianna , Liebermann Dan A. , Hoffman Barbara 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBoth deregulated growth and blocks in differentiation cooperate in the multistage process of leukemogenesis. Thus, understanding functional interactions between genes that regulate normal blood cell development, including cell growth and differentiation, and how their altered expression contributes to leukemia, is important for rational drug design. Previously, we have shown that the zinc finger transcription factor Egr-1 plays a role in monocytic differentiation. Ectopic expression of Egr-1 in M1 myeloblastic leukemia cells was observed to activate the macrophage differentiation program in the absence of the differentiation inducer interleukin 6 (IL-6) and to promote terminal differentiation in its presence. In addition, we have shown that deregulated expression of the proto-oncogene c-myc blocks the myeloid terminal differentiation program. Here we show that restoring expression of Egr-1 in M1 cells that express deregulated c-Myc abrogates the c-Myc block in terminal differentiation, resulting in cells that undergo functional macrophage maturation. However, there is an absence of both growth arrest and cell adhesion. In addition, Egr-1 expression diminished M1myc leukemogenicity in vivo. These findings indicate that Egr-1 can act as a tumor suppressor gene and suggest that Egr-1 or Egr-1 targets may provide important tools for differentiation therapy in certain leukemic phenotypes.
Psychiatric outpatient consultation for seniors. Perspectives of family physicians, consultants, and patients / family: A descriptive study
Authors: Yaffe Mark J , Primeau Francois , McCusker Jane , Cole Martin G , Belzile Eric , Dendukuri Nandini , Elie Michel , Laplante Johanne 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Background
Family practitioners take care of large numbers of seniors with increasingly complex mental health problems. Varying levels of input may be necessary from psychiatric consultants. This study examines patients'/family, family practitioners', and psychiatrists' perceptions of the bi-directional pathway between such primary care doctors and consultants.

Methods
An 18 month survey was conducted in an out-patient psychogeriatric clinic of a Montreal university-affiliated community hospital. Cognitively intact seniors referred by family practitioners for assessment completed a satisfaction and expectation survey following their visits with the psychiatric consultants. The latter completed a self-administered process of care questionnaire at the end of the visit, while family doctors responded to a similar survey by telephone after the consultants' reports had been received. Responses of the 3 groups were compared.

Results
101 seniors, referred from 63 family practitioners, met the study entry criteria for assessment by 1 of 3 psychogeriatricians. Both psychiatrists and family doctors agreed that help with management was the most common reason for referral. Family physicians were accepting of care of elderly with mental health problems, but preferred that the psychiatrists assume the initial treatment; the consultants preferred direct return of the patient; and almost 1/2 of patients did not know what to expect from the consultation visit. The rates of discordance in expectations were high when each unique patient-family doctor-psychiatrist triad was examined.

Conclusion
Gaps in expectations exist amongst family doctors, psychiatrists, and patients/family in the shared mental health care of seniors. Goals and anticipated outcomes of psychogeriatric consultation require better definition.
Potential cellular receptors involved in hepatitis C virus entry into cells
Authors: Favre Daniel , Muellhaupt Beat 
Published: April 2005

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infects hepatocytes and leads to permanent, severe liver damage. Since the genomic sequence of HCV was determined, progress has been made towards understanding the functions of the HCV-encoded proteins and identifying the cellular receptor(s) responsible for adsorption and penetration of the virus particle into the target cells. Several cellular receptors for HCV have been proposed, all of which are associated with lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. This article reviews the cellular receptors for HCV and suggests a general model for HCV entry into cells, in which lipoproteins play a crucial role.
Feasibility of chemosensitivity testing in soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Lehnhardt Marcus , Muehlberger Thomas , Kuhnen Cornelius , Brett Daniel , Steinau Hans U , Jafari Hamid Joneidi , Steinstraesser Lars , Müller Oliver , Homann Heinz H 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Background
Soft tissue sarcomas comprise less than 1% of all solid malignancies. The presentation and behavior of these tumors differs depending on location and histological characteristics. Standard therapy consists of complete surgical resection in combination with adjuvant radiotherapy. The role of chemotherapy is not clearly defined and is largely restricted to clinical trials. Only a limited number of agents have proved to be effective in soft tissue sarcomas. The use of doxorubicin, epirubicin and ifosfamide allowed response rates of more than 20%. In addition, recent chemotherapy trials did not demonstrate any significant differences in efficacy for various histological subtypes.

Methods
The objective of this study was to gain additional information about the chemosensitivity of soft tissue sarcomas to seven 7 different chemotherapy agents as single drugs and 4 combinations. Therefore we used an established ATP based in-vitro testing system and examined 50 soft tissue sarcomas. Chemosensitivity was assessed using a luciferin-luciferase-based luminescence assay providing individual chemosensitivity indices for each agent tested.

Results
The sensitivity varied widely according to the histological subtypes. The tumors state of cellular dedifferentiation played a crucial role for the efficiency of the chemotherapeutic agents. The sensitivity also depended on the presentation of the sarcoma as a primary or recurrent tumor. The highest sensitivity was demonstrated for actinomycin D as a single agent, with 74% of the tumor samples exhibiting a high-grade sensitivity (20% low sensitivity, no resistance). The combination of actinomycin D and ifosfamide yielded a high sensitivity in 76% (2% resistance). Doxorubicin as a mono-therapy or in combination with ifosfamide achieved high sensitivity in 70% and 72%, respectively, and resistance in 6% of the samples.

Conclusion
Chemosensitivity testing is feasible in soft tissue sarcomas. It can be used to create sensitivity and resistance profiles of established and new cytotoxic agents and their combinations in soft tissue sarcomas. Our data demonstrate measurable discrepancies of the drug efficiency in soft tissue sarcomas, sarcoma subtypes and tumor recurrencies. However, current therapeutic regime does not take this in consideration, yet.
A comparison of polarized and non-polarized human endometrial monolayer culture systems on murine embryo development
Authors: Baghaban Eslami Nejad Mohamad Reza , Rezazadeh Valojerdi Mojtaba , Kazemi Ashtiani Saeed 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Background

Co-culture of embryos with various somatic cells has been suggested as a promising approach to improve embryo development. Despite numerous reports regarding the beneficial effects of epithelial cells from the female genital tract on embryo development in a co-culture system, little is known about the effect of these cells when being cultured under a polarized condition on embryo growth. Our study evaluated the effects of in vitro polarized cells on pre-embryo development.

Methods

Human endometrial tissue was obtained from uterine specimens excised at total hysterectomy performed for benign indications. Epithelial cells were promptly isolated and cultured either on extra-cellular matrix gel (ECM-Gel) coated millipore filter inserts (polarized) or plastic surfaces (non-polarized). The epithelial nature of the cells cultured on plastic was confirmed through immunohistochemistry, and polarization of cells cultured on ECM-Gel was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). One or two-cell stage embryos of a superovulated NMRI mouse were then flushed and placed in culture with either polarized or non-polarized cells and medium alone. Development rates were determined for all embryos daily and statistically compared. At the end of the cultivation period, trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM) of expanded blastocysts from each group were examined microscopically.

Results

Endometrial epithelial cells cultured on ECM-Gel had a highly polarized columnar shape as opposed to the flattened shape of the cells cultured on a plastic surface. The two-cell embryos cultured on a polarized monolayer had a higher developmental rate than those from the non-polarized cells. There was no statistically significant difference; still, the blastocysts from the polarized monolayer, in comparison with the non-polarized group, had a significantly higher mean cell number. The development of one-cell embryos in the polarized and non-polarized groups showed no statistically significant difference.

Conclusion

Polarized cells could improve in vitro embryo development from the two-cell stage more in terms of quality (increasing blastocyst cellularity) than in terms of developmental rate.
In-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the methanol extract of the roots of Morinda officinalis
Authors: Kim In-Tae , Park Hee-Juhn , Nam Jung-Hwan , Park Young-Mi , Won Jong-Heon , Choi Jongwon , Choe Bong-Keun , Lee Kyung-Tae 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol extract of the roots of Morinda officinalis (MEMO) (Rubiaceae) were evaluated in-vitro and in-vivo. The effects of MEMO on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced responses in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 were examined. MEMO potently inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Consistent with these results, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the protein level, and of iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-α at the mRNA level, was also inhibited by MEMO in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, MEMO inhibited the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation induced by LPS, and this was associated with the prevention of degradation of the inhibitor κB (IκB), and subsequently with attenuated p65 protein in the nucleus. The anti-inflammatory effect of MEMO was examined in rats using the carrageenan-induced oedema model. The antinociceptive effects of MEMO were assessed in mice using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction test and the hot-plate test. MEMO (100, 200 mg kg−1 per day, p.o.) exhibited anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in these animal models. Taken together, the data demonstrate that MEMO has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity, inhibiting iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-α expression by down-regulating NF-κB binding activity.
Prp8 protein: At the heart of the spliceosome
Authors: GRAINGER RICHARD J. , BEGGS JEAN D. 
Published: April 2005

Pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing is a central step in gene expression. Lying between transcription and protein synthesis, pre-mRNA splicing removes sequences (introns) that would otherwise disrupt the coding potential of intron-containing transcripts. This process takes place in the nucleus, catalyzed by a large RNA–protein complex called the spliceosome. Prp8p, one of the largest and most highly conserved of nuclear proteins, occupies a central position in the catalytic core of the spliceosome, and has been implicated in several crucial molecular rearrangements that occur there. Recently, Prp8p has also come under the spotlight for its role in the inherited human disease, Retinitis Pigmentosa.Prp8 is unique, having no obvious homology to other proteins; however, using bioinformatical analysis we reveal the presence of a conserved RNA recognition motif (RRM), an MPN/JAB domain and a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS). Here, we review biochemical and genetical data, mostly related to the human and yeast proteins, that describe Prp8’s central role within the spliceosome and its molecular interactions during spliceosome formation, as splicing proceeds, and in post-splicing complexes.
Minimal-invasive Messung der Blutsauerstoffsättigung mittels Remissionsspektroskopie (Minimally Invasive Measurement of Blood Oxygen Saturation by Re-emission Spectroscopy)
Authors: Eder Klaus , Krohne Ingo , Pfeifer Tilo 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Die Bestimmung der Blutsauerstoffsättigung in biologischem Gewebe ist von großem Interesse für die Medizin, da auf diese Weise auf mögliche krankhafte Veränderungen zurückgeschlossen werden kann. Die faserbasierte Remissionsspektroskopie ermöglicht es, die Messung dieses Parameters minimal-invasiv an Organgewebe innerhalb des menschlichen Körpers vorzunehmen. In diesem Beitrag werden ein Messsystem zur berührungslosen Bestimmung der Blutoxygenierung sowie Simulationen zur Lichtausbreitung in Gewebe vorgestellt.
Ein Ultraschallsystem zur Erfassung des Benetzungszustands von zylindrischen Bauteilen (An Ultrasound System to Capture the Wetting Process of Cylindrical Workpieces)
Authors: Stöbener Dirk , Böge Michael , Dünzelmann Jan , Goch Gert , Frerichs Friedhelm , Zoch Hans-Werner 
Published: April 2005

AbstractUm den Abschreckvorgang von Stahlwerkstücken in einem Ölbad sowohl zeitlich als auch räumlich aufgelöst erfassen zu können, wurde ein Ultraschall-Messsystem entworfen und aufgebaut. Es basiert auf der Amplitudenerfassung der vom Bauteil reflektierten Ultraschallechos und ermöglicht es, den Übergang zwischen verschiedenen Siedephasen zu detektieren. Der Vergleich mit Kameraaufnahmen zeigt nur geringe Abweichungen, sodass das Verfahren zur Beurteilung von Abschreckprozessen eingesetzt werden kann.
Studies of human genetic history using the
Y
chromosome
Authors: Jobling Mark A. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Escape from recombination makes the Y chromosome a useful tool for studying human genetic history. A unique phylogeny of Y haplogroups has been constructed using binary markers such as SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms), and diversity within haplogroups can be analyzed using multiple microsatellites. The time‐depth of the phylogeny and geographical distribution of the deepest‐rooting haplogroups are compatible with a recent African origin for modern humans. Haplogroup distributions are highly geographically differentiated, which allows past population movements to be studied, and sex‐biased admixture to be recognized.