bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Development of a Risk Oriented State-of-Charge Estimation Algorithm for a Heavy-Duty FCEV Truck
Authors: Alsharif Khaled I. , Michelotti Mark 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Providing an accurate estimate of a battery’s State-of-charge (SOC) is an important function of a Battery Management System (BMS). The SOC must be maintained within an appropriate range to ensure the overall safety and efficiency of the battery system. In particular, the SOC estimate is often used to avoid extreme regions of operation in which dangerous over- and under-voltage conditions are possible.
The current state-of-the-art techniques for estimating SOC are nonlinear Kalman-like observers, which combine current integration (i.e. “coulomb counting”) with measurements of battery cell terminal voltage. These methods typically aim to minimize the Mean Squared Error (MSE) or some similar measure. These methods were found to be inadequate in certain scenarios in a vehicle application — specifically, a heavy-duty Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) using Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) cells. A relatively small estimate error could lead to significantly adverse outcomes at the vehicle level.
This paper develops an alternate approach more appropriate for the application. Instead of minimizing the MSE, the strategy aims to avoid worst-case scenarios. Using established risk analysis methods (e.g. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis), undesirable scenarios are identified and prioritized. The SOC estimation algorithm is designed with the explicit aim of avoiding these scenarios.
Wavefield Analysis Enabled Multi-Directional Mechanical Properties Characterization for 3D Printed Composites
Authors: Cai Bowen , Watts Hunter , Sun Chuangchuang , Huberty Wayne , Tian Zhenhua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Thermoset composites, utilized in additive manufacturing, are distinguished by their excellent thermal and mechanical properties, enabling them to maintain structural integrity even under high-temperature conditions. An accurate method for characterizing the mechanical properties is necessary to ensure the performance parameters, reliability, and safety of materials during and post-manufacturing. However, characterizing 3D-printed thermoset composites is challenging due to the anisotropy introduced by the additive manufacturing process and factors such as delamination and porosity. This also leads to difficulties in accurately characterizing composites with traditional testing methods. To address this, this paper introduces a novel method that combines a non-destructive Piezoelectric transducer-laser Doppler Vibrometer (PZT-LDV) guided wave sensing system with an optimization algorithm-enhanced wavenumber analysis technique. A series of experiments were conducted to validate the concept of measuring the mechanical properties of a 3D-printed thermoset material panel. Our method successfully determined two material properties — shear wave speed and Poisson’s ratio in multiple directions on the test panel. This study aims to establish a precise and rapid non-destructive testing method that can effectively characterize various composite materials and monitor their performance throughout the additive manufacturing process.
An Experimental Study of Weight-Based Compensation for Asymmetric Upper Limb Growth Secondary to Pre-Pubertal Operative Humeral Epiphyseal Plate Damage
Authors: Fernandez Dane , Fernandez Ryan , Jawad Badih , Fernandez Vernon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This research was conducted to verify previously-developed equations analyzing musculoskeletal strain caused by uneven weight distribution inherent in a case of upper limb length discrepancy. The issue is an imbalance due to the growth of a shorter humerus in the individual’s right upper limb (RUL) as the result of a prior surgery affecting the individual’s right humeral growth plate. This shortened RUL weighs less than the left upper limb (LUL), lowering the balancing moment on the torso. When the individual sprints during physical exercise, there is an imbalance in rotational momentum created between the two arms in the sagittal plane. This imbalance in momentum compensation by one of the individual’s lower limbs. To solve this biomechanical problem, kinematic equations were developed to model the motion of a sprinter. In particular, the model defines the influence of the opposing upper limb motion on the lower limb motion that results in forward motion while sprinting. Furthermore, the equations incorporate the rotational motions of the upper and lower limbs. Trials were conducted with a test subject having a shorter RUL than LUL. In the trials, the subject initially started from rest before accelerating to a constant speed. Two Kistler force plates were used to generate force vectors of each of the subject’s feet once the constant speed was reached. Kistler force plates contain piezoelectric sensors which can be used to record ground force reaction. In this case, the Kistler force plates measured the horizontal, transverse, and longitudinal force vectors created when the subject’s foot contacted the plate. Additionally, the subject had several reflectors placed along his body. Using the Vicon three-dimensional (3D) optical motion analysis system, ten cameras in the laboratory captured the movement of the reflectors, generating vector motion for each limb during each trial run. To balance the rotational momentum of the upper limbs, a counteracting weight was attached to the wrist of the RUL in an attempt to minimize the effects on lower limb musculature. The difference in weight between each arm was determined, allowing a wearable device to be created which accounted for the difference. The device was attached to the subject’s right wrist to balance the weight of both arms. Hence, the left lower limb would not have to overcompensate for the shorter RUL’s lack of momentum. Similar running trials were conducted with the counterweight adjustment. The data from the trials, both with and without the counterweight, were compared to the theoretical equations determined from previous research.
Multi-Inlet Hydraulic Ram Pump System
Authors: Sharma Ashokkumar M. , Dady Trevor , Alam Mohammad Ashikul , Pidugu Srikanth B. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Water is required for the survival of human beings. With billions affected by water scarcity globally, there is a pressing demand for innovative technologies in water transportation. A potential solution to the issue of water scarcity is to adopt the technology of the multi-inlet hydraulic ram pump system, which is a mechanical device that utilizes the energy from a water source flowing downhill to pump a portion of that water to a higher elevation. It operates utilizing the property of fluid hammering and omits the necessity of any electrical or other power sources. This system could provide an efficient, simple, self-sustaining, and more frugal option to combat water scarcity. In this study, a multi-inlet hydraulic ram pump was built and evaluated to understand the flow dynamics and performance of the multi-inlet hydraulic ram pump. Additionally, a solar-based water handling unit was introduced to recirculate waste water back to the source tank. Results showed an improvement upon its predecessor. From the studied four inlet drive pipe configurations, the 2-drive pipe ram pump configuration demonstrated an overall better performance in terms of pump volumetric efficiency of 9.2%, energy efficiency of 15.6%, and water delivery capacity of near about 1.25 m3/day.
Experimental Establishment of Butterfly-Type Bifurcation Set Equation for Chip-Splitting Catastrophe in Cylindrical Turning
Authors: Xu Mingxian , Xiong Liangshan , Cheng Dongdong , Zhang Shaonan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The catastrophic phenomenon in chip-splitting that occurs during cylindrical turning can lead to a significant reduction in cutting force and cutting power, which has great potential for utilization. The establishment of a bifurcation set equation that can predict the occurrence of chip-splitting catastrophe is the basis for controlling and utilizing it. Based on this, this paper proposes a method to establish a butterfly-type bifurcation set equation for chip-splitting catastrophe in cylindrical turning using experimental data on critical conditions for chip-splitting catastrophe. This method is based on the regularized bifurcation set equation of butterfly-type catastrophe, and uses the tool rake angle γ0, tool included angle εr, feedrate f and depth of cut ap as actual control variables. Firstly, 246 sets of observation experiments on chip-splitting catastrophe phenomenon when cylindrically turning 6061 T6 aluminum workpieces with PCD straight double-edged turning tools were designed and completed, and 152 sets of experimental data on critical conditions for chip-splitting catastrophe were obtained. Secondly, the diffeomorphism transformation between actual control variables and theoretical control variables is assumed to be a set of linear mapping functions with undetermined coefficients, and the mapping function is used to convert the actual critical control points obtained through critical condition experimental data into theoretical critical control points. Finally, using optimization techniques, the undetermined coefficients of the mapping function are solved and substituted into the regularized butterfly-type catastrophe bifurcation set equation to obtain the cylindrical turning chip-splitting catastrophe bifurcation set equation represented by actual control variables. The verification experiment found that there is good consistency between the critical depth of cut value of chip-splitting catastrophe predicted by the established equation and the actual measured value.
Investigating Nonlinear Neurodynamics Hierarchical Evolution: Novel Insights for Control and Computation
Authors: Shettigar Nandan , Suh C. Steve 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Biological neural networks engage upon a variety of complex tasks proficiently demonstrated by the wealth, flair and grace of many human undertakings (technological or social). A deeper insight upon the fundamental physical and mathematical architecture can enable reproducing these capabilities in current technological applications. Not all neural dynamic capabilities are desirable; however, there are certain subsects of tasks which are performed with high accuracy, speed and minimal energy consumption such as visual or audio recognition, autonomous driving (or other machinery operations), generative languages and behaviors capable of transmitting information demonstrating varying degrees of intelligence. The objective of this paper is to provide a fundamental approach towards feasibly characterizing relevant neural dynamics whose architectures endows intelligent behavioral operations. Furthermore, this can elucidate how the underlying information processing functions enabling reproducing its desirable characteristics (low power consumption and high reliability) in our own technical operations. Thus, quantifying the microscopic energetic consumption and defining the macroscopic level of information entropy will enable identifying a physical structure that can maximize influence upon the global state of information entropy upon an open system while minimizing the associated energetic consumptions. Enabling such a structure allows maximizing the r information capacity of a system given finite constraints on resources. Therefore, this approach can further provide insight towards generating novel computing architectures which address the current bottlenecks in conventional computing schemes. That is, alleviation memory and CPU interaction bottlenecks which are increasingly becoming apparent as it becomes more and more difficult to keep up the pace of Moore’s Law. The importance is further exemplified by the exponentially increasing computational demands in the recent advent of artificial intelligence.
Physico-chemical properties and substrate specificity of α-(1→3)-
d
-glucan degrading recombinant mutanase from
Trichoderma harzianum
expressed in
Penicillium verruculosum
Authors: Sinitsyna Olga A. , Volkov Pavel V. , Zorov Ivan N. , Rozhkova Alexandra M. , Emshanov Oleg V. , Romanova Yulia M. , Komarova Bozhena S. , Novikova Natalia S. , Nifantiev Nikolay E. , Sinitsyn Arkady P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

The gene
mutAW
encoding
Trichoderma harzianum
fungus mutanase (MutA, GH71 family, α-1,3-glucanase, EC 3.2.1.59) was cloned and heterologously expressed by the highly productive
Penicillium verruculosum
fungus.
P. verruculosum MutA
strain secreted crude enzyme preparations with the recombinant MutA content of 40% of the total secreted protein, and the specific activity increased 150 folds compared to that of enzyme preparation obtained by the host strain. Homogeneous MutA had molecular mass of 70 kDa and displayed maximum of the activity on mutan at pH 5.0 and 50°C, with
K
m
and
k
cat
being 1.0 g/L and 30 s
−1
, respectively. At 40-50°C, the MutA was stable for at least 3 h. Glucose was the main product of long-term mutan hydrolysis. HPLC analysis of hydrolysis product of oligo-α-(1→3)-D-glucosides bearing UV-detectable
N
-
trans
-cinnamoyl residue in the aglycon clearly indicated that MutA has an endo-processive hydrolytic mode of action. It was demonstrated that MutA can destroy the polysaccharide matrix of both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria biofilms.

IMPORTANCE

The manuscript describes the properties of a novel recombinant GH71 mutanase Mut A from
Trichoderma harzianum
. Gene
mutAW
encoding mutanase was heterologously expressed in the host strain
Penicillium verruculosum
B1-537 (ΔniaD). The recipient strain has a high secretory ability and allowed to obtain preparations containing the target recombinant enzyme up to 80% of the total protein pool. MutA exhibited a high activity against mutan and negligible or zero activity toward other types of glucans including α-(1→4)-, β-(1→3)-, β-(1→4)-, and β-(1→6)-glucans. By using a series of synthetic oligo-α-(1→3)-D-glucosides, we demonstrated that MutA is an endo-processive enzyme, which hydrolyzes the internal glucosidic bonds and releases glucose from the reducing end sliding into the non-reducing end. MutA recognizes tetrasaccharide as a minimal substrate and hydrolyzes it to trisaccharide and glucose. The effectiveness of the use of MutA for the destruction of clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is also described.
Laboratory evolution in
Novosphingobium aromaticivorans
enables rapid catabolism of a model lignin-derived aromatic dimer
Authors: Allemann Marco N. , Kato Ryo , Carper Dana L. , Hochanadel Leah H. , Alexander William G. , Giannone Richard J. , Kamimura Naofumi , Masai Eiji , Michener Joshua K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Lignin contains a variety of interunit linkages, leading to a range of potential decomposition products that can be used as carbon and energy sources by microbes. β-O-4 linkages are the most common in native lignin, and associated catabolic pathways have been well characterized. However, the fate of the mono-aromatic intermediates that result from β-O-4 dimer cleavage has not been fully elucidated. Here, we used experimental evolution to identify mutant strains of
Novosphingobium aromaticivorans
with improved catabolism of a model aromatic dimer containing a β-O-4 linkage, guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (GGE). We identified several parallel causal mutations, including a single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of an uncharacterized gene that roughly doubled the growth yield with GGE. We characterized the associated enzyme and demonstrated that it oxidizes an intermediate in GGE catabolism, β-hydroxypropiovanillone, to vanilloyl acetaldehyde. Identification of this enzyme and its key role in GGE catabolism furthers our understanding of catabolic pathways for lignin-derived aromatic compounds.

IMPORTANCE
Lignin degradation is a key step for both carbon cycling in nature and biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals. Bacteria can catabolize lignin-derived aromatic compounds, but the complexity of lignin means that full mineralization requires numerous catabolic pathways and often results in slow growth. Using experimental evolution, we identified an uncharacterized enzyme for the catabolism of a lignin-derived aromatic monomer, β-hydroxypropiovanillone. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of the associated gene significantly increased bacterial growth with either β-hydroxypropiovanillone or a related lignin-derived aromatic dimer. This work expands the repertoire of known aromatic catabolic genes and demonstrates that slow catabolism of lignin-derived aromatic compounds may be due to misregulation under laboratory conditions rather than inherent catabolic challenges.
The interplay between
Acinetobacter baumannii
ZigA and SltB promotes zinc homeostasis and cell envelope integrity
Authors: Critchlow Jeanette M. , Barraza Juan P. , Munneke Matthew J. , Krystofiak Evan , Green Erin R. , Skaar Eric P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter baumannii
is an opportunistic human pathogen that acquires nutrient metals from the vertebrate host amid infection. During zinc (Zn) scarcity,
A. baumannii
upregulates the expression of the predicted Zn metallochaperone,
zigA
. Loss of
zigA
compromises fitness during Zn deficiency, highlighting its role in this condition. To assess the contribution of ZigA to Zn-deficient
A. baumannii
, a multiparallel transposon sequencing and genetic interaction mapping approach was used. Transposon insertions in
A1S_3027
, encoding a predicted soluble lytic transglycosylase that tailors the bacterial cell wall, were enriched in the Zn-starved Δ
zigA
transposon library. Based on previous studies as well as structural and sequence homology, we designated A1S_3027 as
s
oluble
l
ytic
t
ransglycosylase
B
(SltB). Further analyses revealed that inactivating
sltB
rescued Δ
zigA
fitness defects during Zn starvation. An
A. baumannii
Δ
zigA
Δ
sltB
mutant demonstrated altered cell envelope structures and increased cellular permeability, highlighting the roles of ZigA and SltB in maintaining cell envelope integrity. Furthermore, these mutants exhibited heightened resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and other cell wall-targeting agents. Alterations in cell envelope integrity in the Δ
zigA
Δ
sltB
mutant improved fitness in a murine pneumonia infection model, emphasizing the contribution of ZigA and SltB to
A. baumannii
pathogenesis. This study elucidates how functional interactions between ZigA and SltB modulate cell envelope integrity and pathogenesis of
A. baumannii
during Zn depletion. These findings reveal an interplay between metal homeostasis and cell envelope integrity, offering insights into how
A. baumannii
ZigA contributes to these critical cellular processes.
Gut phages and their interactions with bacterial and mammalian hosts
Authors: Godsil Marshall , Ritz Nathaniel L. , Venkatesh Siddarth , Meeske Alexander J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

The mammalian gut microbiome is a dense and diverse community of microorganisms that reside in the distal gastrointestinal tract. In recent decades, the bacterial members of the gut microbiome have been the subject of intense research. Less well studied is the large community of bacteriophages that reside in the gut, which number in the billions of viral particles per gram of feces, and consist of considerable unknown viral “dark matter.” This community of gut-residing bacteriophages, called the gut “phageome,” plays a central role in the gut microbiome through predation and transformation of native gut bacteria, and through interactions with their mammalian hosts. In this review, we will summarize what is known about the composition and origins of the gut phageome, as well as its role in microbiome homeostasis and host health. Furthermore, we will outline the interactions of gut phages with their bacterial and mammalian hosts, and plot a course for the mechanistic study of these systems.
MA104 cell line is permissive for human bocavirus 1 infection
Authors: Tang Jielin , Chen Sijie , Deng Yijun , Liu Junjun , Huang Dan , Fu Muqing , Xue Bao , Liu Canyu , Wu Chunchen , Wang Fan , Zhou Yuan , Yang Qi , Chen Xinwen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) has appeared as an emerging pathogen, causing mild to life-threatening respiratory tract infections, acute otitis media, and encephalitis in young children and immunocompromised individuals. The lack of cell lines suitable for culturing replicative viruses hinders research on HBoV1. Here, we characterized the susceptibility to HBoV1 of 29 human and 7 animal cell lines, and identified a permissive cell line, MA104. The complete HBoV1 life cycle was achieved in MA104 cells, including viral entry, complete replication, and infectious progeny virion production. Additionally, the suppression of the interferon pathway facilitated the viral genome replication in MA104 cells. RNA-sequencing showed that innate immunity, inflammation, the PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways, and the cellular membrane system were mobilized in response to HBoV1 infection. Overall, our study is the first to identify a cell line, MA104, that supports the complete HBoV1 life cycle, which will promote research on HBoV1 virology and pathogenesis and benefit drug and vaccine development.

IMPORTANCE
HBoV1 is an emerging pathogen that mainly causes respiratory tract infections, while the lack of cell lines suitable for culture replicative viruses hindered research on HBoV1. Here, we identify a permissive cell line for HBoV1 infection, MA104, and reveal that the complete life cycle of HBoV1 was supported in MA104 cells. Our findings provide a suitable cell model for the study of HBoV1 and explore its application for antiviral drug evaluation, which is vital for research on HBoV1 virology and pathogenesis, as well as for drug and vaccine development.