bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monofocal motor neuropathy: Improvement with intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: Felice Kevin J. , Goldstein Jonathan M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMultifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a chronic, immune‐mediate, peripheral myelinopathy. Inherent in its name, MMN implies involvement of two or more motor nerves. We report three patients with weakness and partial motor conduction block restricted to a single nerve and localized to sites that are not at risk for entrapment or compression injury. None of the patients had sensory involvement and all showed a favorable response to intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Based on these observations and reports of three additional patients, we believe that monofocal motor neuropathy is a partial form of MMN and should be treated as such. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 000–000, 2002
Depletion and sizes of motor units in spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Galea Victoria , Fehlings Darcy , Kirsch Susan , McComas Alan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMotor unit number estimation (MUNE) was applied to the biceps brachii muscles of 13 young patients (age 5–24 years) with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and the results compared with those of healthy control subjects matched for age and gender. In the SMA patients, all motor unit (MU) estimates fell below the control range, and there was good correspondence between the values for the two arms in the same subject. No correlation could be found between the MUNEs and the severity of the weakness. This unexpected result was attributed to the presence of small and normal‐sized MUs in the muscles of patients, in addition to MUs that appeared to be considerably enlarged. The threefold mean increase in MU potential size was insufficient to compensate for the MU loss. In addition, the study confirmed that there are, on average, approximately 130 MUs in the healthy biceps brachii muscle. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1166–1172, 2001
Survival of bundleless hair cells and subsequent bundle replacement in the bullfrog's saccule
Authors: Gale Jonathan E. , Meyers Jason R. , Periasamy Ammasi , Corwin T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOur senses of hearing and balance depend upon hair cells, the sensory receptors of the inner ear. Millions of people suffer from hearing and balance deficits caused by damage to hair cells as a result of exposure to noise, aminoglycoside antibiotics, and antitumor drugs. In some species such damage can be reversed through the production of new cells. This proliferative response is limited in mammals but it has been hypothesized that damaged hair cells might survive and undergo intracellular repair. We examined the fate of bullfrog saccular hair cells after exposure to a low dose of the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin to determine whether hair cells could survive such treatment and subsequently be repaired. In organ cultures of the bullfrog saccule a combination of time‐lapse video microscopy, two‐photon microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunocytochemistry showed that hair cells can lose their hair bundle and survive as bundleless cells for at least 1 week. Time‐lapse and electron microscopy revealed stages in the separation of the bundle from the cell body. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of cultures fixed 2, 4, and 7 days after antibiotic treatment showed that numerous new hair bundles were produced between 4 and 7 days of culture. Further examination revealed hair cells with small repaired hair bundles alongside damaged remnants of larger surviving bundles. The results indicate that sensory hair cells can undergo intracellular self‐repair in the absence of mitosis, offering new possibilities for functional hair cell recovery and an explanation for non‐proliferative recovery. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 50: 81–92, 2002; DOI 10.1002/neu.10002
Durable and refreshable polymeric N‐halamine biocides containing 3‐(4′‐vinylbenzyl)‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin
Authors: Sun Yuyu , Sun Gang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel vinyl‐hydantoin monomer, 3‐(4′‐vinylbenzyl)‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin, was synthesized in a good yield and was fully characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1H NMR spectra. Its homopolymer and copolymers with several common acrylic and vinyl monomers, such as vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, and methyl methacrylate, were readily prepared under mild conditions. The polymers were characterized with FTIR and 1H NMR, and their thermal properties were analyzed with differential scanning calorimetry studies. The halogenated products of the corresponding copolymers exhibited potent antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli, and the antibacterial properties were durable and regenerable. The structure–property relationships of the polymers were further discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 3348–3355, 2001
Enlarging the library of poly‐(L‐lysine citramide) polyelectrolytic drug carriers
Authors: Couffin‐Hoarau Anne‐Claude , Boustta Mahfoud , Vert Michel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPoly‐(L‐lysine citramide) is a degradable drug carrier of the polyelectrolyte type that is composed of citric acid and L‐lysine building blocks. In a previous work, poly‐(L‐lysine citramide) was synthesized by the interfacial polycondensation of α‐hydroxy acid protected citryl dichloride with COOH‐protected lysine diamine. Because of head‐to‐head and head‐to‐tail and tail‐to‐tail linkages in the chains as well as various side reactions such as deprotection of the α‐hydroxy acid moieties and intramolecular imide ring formation, a very large family of degradable polyelectrolyte copolymers was obtained. All the members of this family hydrolytically degrade to the same end products. In this study, another route was explored based on the polycondensation of α‐hydroxy acid protected citric acid pentafluorophenyl diesters, namely, citrobenzal dipentafluorophenyl and citrochloral dipentafluorophenyl with N‐N′‐trimethylsilylated COOH‐protected L‐lysine. The resulting polymers were characterized by IR, NMR, and size exclusion chromatographic analyses. The resulting chain structures and repeat units were identified from these characterizations and are discussed as compared with characteristics exhibited by analogous polymers resulting from interfacial polycondensation. Differences observed at the intermediate stage involving protected polymers were largely erased during the final deprotection stage because of imide formation during final hydrolysis under the selected conditions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 3475–3484, 2001
Awareness and barriers to use of cancer support and information resources by HMO patients with breast, prostate, or colon cancer: patient and provider perspectives
Authors: Eakin Elizabeth G. , Strycker Lisa A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study assessed patient awareness and use—as well as obstacles to use—of HMO‐ and community‐based psychosocial support services designed for cancer patients. Participants were a randomly selected group of patients from a large Northwest HMO, with breast (N=145), prostate (N=151), or colon cancer (N=72), and their oncology and urology providers (N=29). Patient awareness was highest for HMO‐based services (68–90%) and lower for community‐ (33%) or Internet‐based (10–14%) services, and use rates were low across all services (range 2–8%). Providers reported referring 70% of their patients to HMO cancer support services, but their estimates of actual patient use of these services (40%) were inflated. Providers reported few barriers to referring patients to support services. The most commonly reported patient barriers to using such services were already having adequate support, lack of awareness of the service, and lack of provider referral. Results of regression analyses suggest that education, physician referral, social support, and spirituality may be important influences on use of cancer support services. This study takes a first step toward understanding patient use of existing cancer support services and suggests ways to increase participation in these services. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exercise adherence in breast cancer survivors training for a dragon boat race competition: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Courneya Kerry S. , Blanchard Chris M. , Laing Dot M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent research has applied the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to understanding exercise after a cancer diagnosis, but studies are few and have been limited by retrospective designs, self‐report measures of exercise and varied results. In the present study, we extended this research by using a prospective design and an objective measure of exercise adherence. Participants were a convenience sample of 24 breast cancer survivors attending a twice weekly, 12‐week training program in preparation for a dragon boat race competition. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire that assessed demographic and medical variables, past exercise, and the TPB (i.e. beliefs, subjective norm, attitude, perceived behavioral control and intention). Program attendance was monitored over a 12‐week period by the class instructor. Overall, participants attended 66% of the training sessions. Multiple regression analyses indicated that: (a) intention was the sole determinant of program attendance and explained 35% of the variance; (b) the TPB constructs explained 49% of the variance in intention with subjective norm being the most important determinant; and (c) the key underlying beliefs were support from physician, spouse, and friends, and confidence in being able to attend the training class when having limited time, no one to exercise with, fatigue, and other health problems. Based on this preliminary study, it was concluded that the TPB may provide a good framework on which to base interventions designed to promote exercise in breast cancer survivors. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nasal airflow and resistance measured by active anterior rhinomanometry in healthy children and adolescents
Authors: Zapletal A. , Chalupová J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRhinomanometry allows objective assessment of nasal patency in pediatric patients with nasal and other respiratory problems. However, no reliable reference values are available in the pediatric age group. We measured nasal inspiratory airflow and nasal inspiratory resistance of the right and left nostrils (V′nar, V′nal, Rnar, and Rnal) and total nasal inspiratory flow and resistance (V′na and Rna) at a transnasal pressure of 150 Pa during quiet breathing in healthy children with a closed mouth by using active anterior rhinomanometry. Cross‐sectional measurements were done in 192 healthy Caucasian children and adolescents free of nasal or other respiratory diseases (age, 2–19 years; body height, 94–190 cm; 95 boys and 97 girls).The values of V′na, V′nar, and V′nal increased significantly with an increase of body height or age (P < 0.0001) . Rna, Rnar, and Rnal significantly decreased with an increase of body height and age (P < 0.0001). No significant statistical differences were found between boys and girls (P = 0.11) or between right and left nostrils (P = 0.07). V′nar and Rnar comprised 50.1%, and V′nal and Rnal 49.9%, of total V′na and Rna, respectively. Best‐fit regression equations relating rhinomanometric parameters and body height or age were power functions.We obtained reference regression equations with upper and lower limits, and prepared tables listing reference (normal) values of rhinomanometric parameters in healthy pediatric Caucasian patients, against which patients with nasal obstruction can be compared. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 33:174–180. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genotypic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains recovered from patients with cystic fibrosis after initial and subsequent colonization
Authors: Munck Anne , Bonacorsi Stéphane , Mariani‐Kurkdjian Patricia , Lebourgeois Muriel , Gérardin Michèle , Brahimi Naïma , Navarro Jean , Bingen Edouard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChronic infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is preceded by a period of colonization and acute infection. Early aggressive antibiotic treatment of initial colonisation may prevent or at least delay chronic pulmonary infection. We initiated treatment with a combination of IV β‐lactam tobramycin, followed by nebulized colistin when PA was first isolated from patients with CF. Subsequent serial PA isolates obtained from these colonized CF patients were characterized by means of molecular methods to determine whether they were genetically related to the initial strain.Initial colonization was eradicated in all 19 patients. All patients reacquired PA within 3–25 months during the 3 years of follow‐up. Fourteen patients acquired a new PA strain with a distinct genotypic profile, suggesting a new source of contamination. Five patients had two PA isolates with identical genotypes, suggesting either previous undetected respiratory tract colonization or a persistent environmental source of contamination. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32:288–292. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationships between sulfonylurea herbicide treatment of host plants and the performance of herbivorous insects
Authors: Kjær Christian , Heimbach Udo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrevious work had shown that the sulfonylurea herbicide chlorsulfuron affected the survival of a herbivorous insect species dwelling on a sub‐lethally exposed host plant. Further experiments have been conducted to establish whether this negative effect was a single occurrence characteristic for the specific insect–plant interaction and the specific herbicide tested. Three insect–plant interactions were tested for the effects of selected sulfonylurea herbicides, ie metsulfuron‐methyl, chlorsulfuron and tribenuron‐methyl. The species pairs tested were Pieris brassicae/Brassica napus, Gastrophysa polygoni/Fallopia convolvulus and Sitobium avenae/Triticum aestivium. No significant effects on survival and relative growth rate of P brassicae or G polygoni were found when treating the host plants with sulfonylurea herbicides. However, the host plants had a significantly reduced root and shoot growth rate when treated with herbicide. Treating T aestivium with the recommended field rate of metsulfuron‐methyl did not cause any change in development time, growth rate or fecundity of S avenae feeding on the host plants. The data presented suggest that the increased mortality observed for G polygoni larvae feeding on chlorsulfuron‐treated host plants observed earlier was characteristic for this herbicide and for the specific plant–insect interaction only.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
EHF theory of chemical reactions V. Nature of manganese–oxygen bonds by hybrid density functional theory (DFT) and coupled‐cluster (CC) methods
Authors: Isobe H. , Soda T. , Kitagawa Y. , Takano Y. , Kawakami T. , Yoshioka Y. , Yamaguchi K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHybrid density functional theory (DFT) and post‐Hartree–Fock methods are compared by depicting potential energy curves of the O–O dissociation of hydroperoxide and the M–O dissociation of transition‐metal oxides. The former approach includes BLYP, B2LYP, B3LYP, and more general hybrid DFT methods, while the unrestricted Hartree–Fock (UHF) coulpled‐cluster (UCC) SD(T) method is considered as the latter approach. The hybrid DFT methods can reproduce the potential curve of the O–O dissociation process and the dissociation energy of HOOH by UCCSD(T). The methods are also useful for depicting potential curves of copper oxide (CuO) and manganese oxide (MnO), and reproduce the experimental M–O binding energies. The nature of Mn–O bonds in the naked Mn–O, Mn–O porphyrine system and model complexes, XH3Mn(IV)O2Mn(IV)H3Y (X,Y=O,H), are examined in relation to the possible mechanisms of oxygenation reactions. It is found that the radical character of Mn–O bonds increases with the increase of the oxidation number of the Mn ion in these systems. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001
Investigation of atrazine metabolism in river sediment by high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Takáts Zoltán , Vargha Márta , Vékey Károly 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMicrobial degradation processes play an important role in chemical water clearance taking place in river sediments. Bacteria remove not only easily degradable organic species, but various xenobiotics as well, producing clear and xenobiotic free water for bank‐filtered wells. Atrazine is a widely used herbicide, and it is one of the most common xenobiotics present in Danube water. In this study the pathway and kinetics of atrazine metabolism of sedimental microbiota were studied. Samples were collected from river sediment and from pure microbial growth cultures. An analytical scheme including sample preparation, chromatography and mass spectrometry was developed and optimised. Solid‐phase extraction (SPE) was found to be satisfactory for sample preparation. For qualitative analysis of samples both reversed‐phase and normal‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) methods were developed and used. Selectivity, detection limits and accuracy of the two methods were compared. Using this analytical scheme, the full atrazine metabolism of the organism Comamonas acidovorans was explored. Altogether, 12 metabolites were identified from the original compound to the urea end product. Detection limits in the range of 50 ng L−1−1µg L−1 were obtained for different metabolites. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TTV, a new human virus with single stranded circular DNA genome
Authors: Hino Shigeo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTT virus (TTV) was found in 1997 from a hepatitis patient without virus markers. However, the real impact of TTV on liver diseases remains uncertain to date. Due to the lack of suitable cell systems to support the growth of TTV, the biology of TTV is still obscure. This review tries to summarise the current status of TTV on aspects other than the taxonomic diversity of TTV. TTV was the first human virus with a single stranded circular DNA genome. TTV was considered to be a member of Circoviridae, but others suggested it conformed to a new family. TTV is distinct from ambisense viruses in the genus Circovirus, since the former genome is negative stranded. The genome structure of TTV is more related to chicken anaemia virus in the genus Gyrovirus, however, the sequence similarity is minimal except for a short stretch at 3816–3851 of TA278. Currently the working group is proposing the full name for TTV as TorqueTenoVirus and the TTV‐like mini virus as TorqueTenoMiniVirus (TTMV) in a new genus Anellovirus (ring). TTVs are prevalent in non‐human primates and human TTV can cross‐infect chimpanzees. Furthermore, TTV sequences have been detected in chickens, pigs, cows and sheep. TTV can be transmitted by mother‐to‐child infection. However, within a year after birth, the prevalence reaches the same level for children born to both TTV‐positive and TTV‐negative mothers even without breast‐feeding. The non‐coding region surrounding a short 113 nt GC‐rich stretch and occupying approximately one‐third of the genome is considered to contain the putative replication origin. Three mRNAs are expressed by TTV, 3.0 and 1.2 and 1.0 kb species. A protein translated from the 3.0 kb mRNA is considered to be the major capsid protein as well as replicase. The nature of the proteins translated by the other two mRNAs are still putative. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correction of the P‐value after multiple coding of an explanatory variable in logistic regression
Authors: Liquet Benoit , Commenges Daniel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe propose a method and a program to determine a significance level for a series of codings of an explanatory variable in logistic regression. Dichotomous and Box–Cox transformations are considered. Three methods of correcting the significance level are studied: the Bonferroni method; Efron's method, which uses the correlation between successive tests, and the exact calculation by numerical integration using all correlations. A simulation study has led to a strategy for the choice and number of the different codings of the variable. This method is illustrated using the data of a study of the relation between cholesterol and dementia. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The strategic value of CEO external directorate networks: implications for CEO compensation
Authors: Geletkanycz Marta A. , Boyd Brian K. , Finkelstein Sydney 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between CEO external directorate networks and CEO compensation. Drawing on previous research showing a link between executives' external networks, firm strategy, and performance, the study argues that executive external networks are strategically valuable to firms; thus, they should be reflected in executive compensation. The study further examines whether firm diversification, with its elevated demand for strategic resources, moderates the relationship between CEO external directorate networks and pay. Hypotheses are tested using a sample of 460 Fortune 1000 firms. Analyses reveal that the rewards to CEO external directorate networks are contingent upon the firm's level of diversification. Implications for future research and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
α2A‐Adrenergic receptors are present in μ‐opioid receptor containing neurons in rat medial nucleus tractus solitarius
Authors: Glass Michael J. , Pickel Virginia M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAgonists of the alpha‐2A‐adrenergic‐ (α2A‐AR) and the μ‐opioid‐receptor (μOR) jointly affect autonomic functions that are also disregulated in animals undergoing withdrawal from chronic administration of the μOR agonist morphine. Cardiovascular and gastrointestinal reflexes are mediated, in part, by the medial nucleus of the solitary tract (mNTS) at caudal (cNTS) and intermediate (iNTS) subregions. Together, this evidence suggests that α2A‐AR and μOR may be colocalized within many of the same neuronal profiles in both the intermediate and caudal mNTS. In order to examine whether α2A‐AR and μOR are present within common somata, dendrites, or axon terminals in the mNTS, we used electron microscopic immunocytochemistry for the detection of antisera against each receptor at intermediate and caudal levels of this brain region. Most of the dually labeled profiles were somata and dendrites. Of all dual‐labeled profiles in the iNTS 49% were somata and were 47% dendrites, whereas in the cNTS 61% were somata and 32% were dendrites. Within dual‐labeled profiles, the intracellular distribution of α2A‐AR and μOR differed. μOR was more frequently associated with the plasmalemma, whereas α2A‐AR was often affiliated with vesicular organelles. Few axon terminals, and even fewer glia, contained both markers. We also frequently observed single‐labeled α2A‐AR glia that apposed exclusively μOR‐containing dendrites or axon terminals. These findings indicate that somata and dendrites contain functional sites for convergent μOR and α2A‐AR activation. In addition, each receptor is positioned for involvement in intercellular signaling between apposed neurons and glia. Activation of α2A‐AR on μOR‐containing somata or dendrites, or on glia apposed to μOR‐containing neurons, may help to account for the efficacy of α2A‐AR agonists in relieving some of the autonomic symptoms of opiate withdrawal. Synapse 43:208–218, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.