bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning for the detection of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules in non-screening chest CT scans
Authors: Hendrix Ward , Hendrix Nils , Scholten Ernst T. , Mourits Mariëlle , Trap-de Jong Joline , Schalekamp Steven , Korst Mike , van Leuken Maarten , van Ginneken Bram , Prokop Mathias , Rutten Matthieu , Jacobs Colin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Outside a screening program, early-stage lung cancer is generally diagnosed after the detection of incidental nodules in clinically ordered chest CT scans. Despite the advances in artificial intelligence (AI) systems for lung cancer detection, clinical validation of these systems is lacking in a non-screening setting.

Method
We developed a deep learning-based AI system and assessed its performance for the detection of actionable benign nodules (requiring follow-up), small lung cancers, and pulmonary metastases in CT scans acquired in two Dutch hospitals (internal and external validation). A panel of five thoracic radiologists labeled all nodules, and two additional radiologists verified the nodule malignancy status and searched for any missed cancers using data from the national Netherlands Cancer Registry. The detection performance was evaluated by measuring the sensitivity at predefined false positive rates on a free receiver operating characteristic curve and was compared with the panel of radiologists.

Results
On the external test set (100 scans from 100 patients), the sensitivity of the AI system for detecting benign nodules, primary lung cancers, and metastases is respectively 94.3% (82/87, 95% CI: 88.1–98.8%), 96.9% (31/32, 95% CI: 91.7–100%), and 92.0% (104/113, 95% CI: 88.5–95.5%) at a clinically acceptable operating point of 1 false positive per scan (FP/s). These sensitivities are comparable to or higher than the radiologists, albeit with a slightly higher FP/s (average difference of 0.6).

Conclusions
The AI system reliably detects benign and malignant pulmonary nodules in clinically indicated CT scans and can potentially assist radiologists in this setting.
Empagliflozin effects on iron metabolism as a possible mechanism for improved clinical outcomes in non-diabetic patients with systolic heart failure
Authors: Angermann Christiane E. , Santos-Gallego Carlos G. , Requena-Ibanez Juan Antonio , Sehner Susanne , Zeller Tanja , Gerhardt Louisa M. S. , Maack Christoph , Sanz Javier , Frantz Stefan , Fuster Valentin , Ertl Georg , Badimon Juan J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF), but mechanisms of action are incompletely understood. In the EMPA-TROPISM trial, empagliflozin reversed cardiac remodeling and increased physical capacity in stable non-diabetic patients with systolic HF. Here we explore, post hoc, whether treatment effects in this cohort, comprising patients who had a high prevalence of iron deficiency, were related to iron metabolism. Myocardial iron content estimated by cardiac magnetic resonance T2* quantification increased after initiation of empagliflozin but not placebo (treatment effect: P = 0.01). T2* changes significantly correlated with changes in left ventricular volumes, mass and ejection fraction, peak oxygen consumption and 6-minute walking distance; concomitant changes in red blood cell indices were consistent with augmented hematopoiesis. Exploratory causal mediation analysis findings indicated that changes in myocardial iron content after treatment with empagliflozin may be an important mechanism to explain its beneficial clinical effects in patients with HF.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03485222.
Inflammation and emotion regulation: a narrative review of evidence and mechanisms in emotion dysregulation disorders
Authors: Petruso Flavia , Giff Alexis E. , Milano Beatrice A. , De Rossi Maurilio Menduni , Saccaro Luigi Francesco 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Emotion dysregulation (ED) describes a difficulty with the modulation of which emotions are felt, as well as when and how these emotions are experienced or expressed. It is a focal overarching symptom in many severe and prevalent neuropsychiatric diseases, including bipolar disorders (BD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD). In all these disorders, ED can manifest through symptoms of depression, anxiety, or affective lability. Considering the many symptomatic similarities between BD, ADHD, and BPD, a transdiagnostic approach is a promising lens of investigation. Mounting evidence supports the role of peripheral inflammatory markers and stress in the multifactorial aetiology and physiopathology of BD, ADHD, and BPD. Of note, neural circuits that regulate emotions appear particularly vulnerable to inflammatory insults and peripheral inflammation, which can impact the neuroimmune milieu of the central nervous system. Thus far, few studies have examined the link between ED and inflammation in BD, ADHD, and BPD. To our knowledge, no specific work has provided a critical comparison of the results from these disorders. To fill this gap in the literature, we review the known associations and mechanisms linking ED and inflammation in general, and clinically, in BD, ADHD, and BD. Our narrative review begins with an examination of the routes linking ED and inflammation, followed by a discussion of disorder-specific results accounting for methodological limitations and relevant confounding factors. Finally, we critically discuss both correspondences and discrepancies in the results and comment on potential vulnerability markers and promising therapeutic interventions.
Theory of continuously curved and phased line sources for sound reinforcement
Authors: Gölles Lukas , Zotter Franz 
Published: October 2023

To supply large audience areas uniformly with amplified direct sound, large-scale sound reinforcement often employs line-source loudspeaker arrays adapted to the listening area by either adjusting the angles or delays between their individual elements. This paper proposes a model for such or smaller line-source loudspeakers based on a delayed Green’s function integrated over an unknown contour. For a broad frequency range, stationary phase approximation yields a differential equation that we utilize to find a curve and delay progression providing direct sound levels rolling off with −6β dB per doubling of the distance; curve and phase designs can also be mixed to meet simultaneous targets using multiple design parameters β. The effectiveness of the formalism is proven by simulations of coverage, directivity, and discretization artifacts. Measurements on a miniature line array prototype that targets medium-scale immersive sound reinforcement applications verify the proposed theory for curvature, delay, and mixed designs.
A Review of PARP-1 Inhibitors: Assessing Emerging Prospects and Tailoring Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Ramesh Soundarya , Almeida Shannon D , Hammigi Sameerana , Radhakrishna Govardan Katta , Sireesha Golla , Panneerselvam Theivendren , Vellingiri Shangavi , Kunjiappan Selvaraj , Ammunje Damodar Nayak , Pavadai Parasuraman 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEukaryotic organisms contain an enzyme family called poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which is responsible for the poly (ADP-ribosylation) of DNA-binding proteins. PARPs are members of the cell signaling enzyme class. PARP-1, the most common isoform of the PARP family, is responsible for more than 90% of the tasks carried out by the PARP family as a whole. A superfamily consisting of 18 PARPs has been found. In order to synthesize polymers of ADP-ribose (PAR) and nicotinamide, the DNA damage nick monitor PARP-1 requires NAD+ as a substrate. The capability of PARP-1 activation to boost the transcription of proinflammatory genes, its ability to deplete cellular energy pools, which leads to cell malfunction and necrosis, and its involvement as a component in the process of DNA repair are the three consequences of PARP-1 activation that are of particular significance in the process of developing new drugs. As a result, the pharmacological reduction of PARP-1 may result in an increase in the cytotoxicity toward cancer cells.
A Novel Pedicle Screw Placement Surgery Based on Integration of Surgical Guides and Augmented Reality
Authors: Kong Huiyang , Wang Shuyi , Zhang Can , Chen Zan , Wu Zhanglei , Wang Jiayu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background Augmented reality is a new technology that, when applied to spinal surgery, offers the potential for efficient, safe, and accurate placement of pedicle screws. This study investigated whether augmented reality combined with a guide board improved the safety and accuracy of pedicle screw placement compared to traditional freehand screw placement.
Methods Four trainers were divided into augmented reality navigation and freehand groups. Each group consisted of a novice and an experienced spine surgeon. A total of 80 pedicle screws were implanted. First, the AR group reconstructed the three-dimensional (3D) model and planned the screw insertion route according to the computed tomography (CT) data of L2 lumbar vertebrae. Next, the Microsoft HoloLens 2 was used to identify the vertebral model, and the planned virtual path was superimposed on the real cone model. Then, the screw was placed according to the projected trajectory. Finally, Micron Tracker was used to measure the deviation of screws from the preoperatively planned trajectory, and pedicle screws were evaluated using the Gertzbein–Robbins scale.
Results In the augmented reality group, the linear deviation of the experienced doctors and novices was 1.59 ± 0.39 and 1.73 ± 0.52 mm, respectively, and the deviation angle was 2.72 ± 0.61 and 2.87 ± 0.63 degrees, respectively. In the freehand group, the linear deviation of the experienced doctors and novices was 2.88 ± 0.58 and 5.25 ± 0.62 mm, respectively, and the deviation angle was 4.41 ± 1.18 and 7.15 ± 1.45 degrees, respectively. The screw placement accuracy rate was 97.5% in the augmented reality navigation group and 77.5% in the freehand group.
Conclusions Augmented reality navigation improves the accuracy and safety of pedicle screw implantation compared with the traditional freehand method and can assist inexperienced doctors in successfully completing the surgery.
Preservice teachers’ experiences of observing their teaching competencies via self-recorded videos in a personalized learning environment
Authors: Alamri Hamdan A. , Alfayez Abdulaziz A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe investigated how preservice teachers observe and analyze their competencies through self-reflection and video-learning community strategies and how self-recorded videos influence their microteaching experience. We aimed to improve preservice teachers’ competencies in light of the Saudi National Professional Teaching Standards. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and a thematic analysis was performed to extract themes identifying preservice teachers’ experiences and perceptions. The results indicated that the use of self-recorded videos can influence the microteaching experience and help identify development gaps, analyze weaknesses and strengths, and reflect upon them. The results showed that preservice teachers hold positive perceptions and experiences of self-recorded videos to improve their Saudi National Professional Teaching Standards competencies via self-reflection and video learning community. Furthermore, personalized learning principles benefit preservice teacher training programs through self-reflection and self-analysis without coach intervention. This study presents discussions, implications, and recommendations that are relevant to both researchers and practitioners.
Reconciling absence of vDVZ discontinuity with absence of ghosts in nonlocal linearized gravity
Authors: Dalmazi D 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe modern massive gravity theories resolve a historical tension between the absence of the so called vDVZ mass discontinuity and the absence of ghosts via a fine tuned gravitational potential and a sophisticated screening mechanism. Those theories have originated the modern covariant bimetric models which are local, ghost free and cosmologically viable apparently, they contain a massive plus a massless graviton in the spectrum. It seems hard to solve the mentioned tension if we do insist in a model with a minimal number of degrees of freedom, with only one massive spin-2 particle in the spectrum, even if we allow nonlocal theories. Here we show that this problem can be circumvented in linearized nonlocal theories by the introduction of exponential terms with infinite derivatives. The model admits non linear completions via nonlocal quadratic terms in curvatures. We also investigate the role of the exponential factors in linearized models where the graviton remains massless and a mass scale is introduced via nonlocal terms, they are also ghost free and approach the Einstein–Hilbert theory as we go much above the introduced mass scale.
Operational risk assessment for hydroelectric generating units using multi-head spatio-temporal attention and adaptive fuzzy clustering
Authors: Liu Yi , Xu Yanhe , Liu Jie , Li Sifan , Cao Haiying , Chen Jianglong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A novel operational risk assessment method for hydroelectric generating units (HGUs) is presented in this article. First, a multi-head spatio-temporal attention gated network (MSTAGN) is proposed to establish an operation risk benchmark model for HGUs to reveal the intricate relationship between performance and its multiple influencing factors. In particular, MSTAGN learns complex interaction relationships among multiple influencing factors in both temporal and spatial dimensions and automatically extracts important features. Then, a nonlinear mapping function is constructed to extract the deviation of the current measured performance parameters from the predicted baseline performance parameters as the operation risk degree. On this basis, an adaptive fuzzy clustering algorithm is proposed to achieve a clear classification of the operating risk level for HGUs. The proposed method is applied in a HGU in Sichuan province, China. The results of comparative experiments demonstrate its viability and efficacy.
Assessment of the probability of success and risking in hydrocarbon exploration: A case study from Zindapir Anticline, Sulaiman Foldbelt, Indus Basin, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed S. , Nazeer A. , Habib W , Solnagi S H , Hameed S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Role of the statistical calculation is very important in petroleum exploration business. It is used to calculate the associated risk and determines the chances of geological success prior to drilling of an exploratory well in mapped prospect area. This manuscript is focusing on the geological modelling of Zindapir Anticline, Sulaiman Fold Belt, Indus basin, Pakistan using mainly based on the concept of probability developed by Coordinating Committee for Coastal and Offshore Geoscience Program (CCOP) in East and Southeast Asia in 2000. Study area comprises of Zindapir Anticline with two abandoned wells Well X-1 and Zindapir-1 which were drilled and declared as dry holes. Detailed geological modelling indicates that Zindapir structure is still virgin to flow hydrocarbons, and there are ample chances of compartments, which were developed as result of transpressional movement at the periphery of the structure. Interpreted seismic line also supports the presence of different compartments in structure. These compartments may host hydrocarbon, generated and migrated either from Bharti Syncline and Sulaiman Foredeep or generated by indigenous source rocks possibly deposited in the south of Zindapir-1 and Well X-1. Presence of trap, hydrocarbon charge and reservoir in Zindapir structure indicates there is better probability of success for hydrocarbons, and good chances for the development of traps because of transpressional movement. Traps may contain the hydrocarbon, possibly generated from Bharti Syncline in west and Sulaiman Foredeep in east whereas southern part of Zindapir Anticline was not considered, and northern part of Zindapir Anticline was mapped with very open grid size. Present seismic data is limited which is the major reason that due to poor probability of effective trap it is recommended to acquire additional seismic data for further detailed picture structure of Zindapir Anticline. An equation for the calculation of geological chances success for new development well is also proposed in this manuscript.
Optimization Design And Experimental Study of Self-oscillating Cavitating Jet Descaling Nozzle Based On Cleaning Operation
Authors: Huang You-quan , Lin Zhong-chao , Sun Jiang , Zhao Xu-yang , Zhang Pingan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The scale of tubing in polymer flooding and ASP flooding Wells is serious in Daqing oilfield. In order to improve the cleaning effect of tubing, the self-vibrating cavitation jet nozzle was developed and the cavitation jet technology was used to remove scale. In the design of nozzle structure, it is necessary to derive the basic relation that the structure of the oscillating cavity should satisfy when strong resonance is generated, and calculate the key length dimension L1 of the oscillating cavity. The numerical simulation method the different diffusion Angle α and diffusion length L3 nozzle wall under the condition of gas generation rate and axial velocity distribution, determine the optimum size of diffuser. The scale-removing performance test of cavitation jet verifies the performance of self-vibration cavitation nozzle and determines the optimal target distance and injection Angle. According to the reasonable dimension relation of the oscillating cavity when resonance occurs, the length L1 of the oscillating cavity when strong resonance occurs is calculated as 10.4mm. Use Fluent fluid calculation software painted wall gas generating rate, the relationship between the axial velocity curve, determine the diffusion Angle α to 30°, spread long L3 is 2.5 mm, jet cavitation effect is best. The descaling performance test shows that under the inlet pressure of 20MPa, the target distance of 15mm and the injection Angle of 60°, the effective cleaning area is the largest within 1s. The designed nozzle has a reasonable structure and efficient descaling performance.
Investigation and Application of Reversible Temporary Plugging Steering Agent for Acidification
Authors: Guan Gong-shuai , Wang Jing-wen , Shan Yong-zhuo , Tang Chao , Sun Wen-ping 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In order to solve the problems of insolubility of conventional plant gum type solid steering agents and the need to return after stratified acidification to unblock the formation, two chemically reversible temporary plugging agents were developed in this paper. The variation of viscosity of liquid steering agent and the dissolution of particles of solid-liquid combination steering agent were evaluated indoors. The liquid steering agent single-pipe core blocking experiment and double-pipe core splitting rate experiment were carried out, and the indoor over-hole plate pressure measurement experiments of different types of steering agents were conducted. And the two steering agents were applied in the field. The results show that the viscosity of liquid steering agent can change with the pH value, showing the characteristics of becoming viscous in acid and decomposing in water, which can increase the injection pressure by 1.95MPa after plugging the core in the indoor experiment, and can increase the construction pressure by 1.4MPa in the field application. What’s more, the pressure of solid-liquid combination steering agent indoor over pore plate is 3 times of liquid temporary plugging agent, and the construction pressure can be increased by 3.0 MPa. Both of the above temporary plugging agents can be dissolved by themselves in the process of water injection after the measure, and the plugging of the reservoir can be released without returning to the drainage. Meanwhile, it can also meet the needs of different pressure difference layer section for diversion acidification.
Dessert Optimization and Oil Potential Analysis of M9 Block in W Oilfield
Authors: Yu Fu-ji 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article first explains the fine structure of the M9 block, and the encryption equal value line is finely constructed into a diagram to identify the micro -amplitude structure. Use the block drilling to complete the inner plane and vertical distribution statistics of the block. Essence Using the seismic section interpretation technology, multi -attributes and detailed portrayal of the broken layer, implement the overall structural characteristics and TEZHEN characteristics of the block, carry out multi -attribute analysis and research on the oil layer sandstone group, preferably seismic attributes sensitive to the development of sandstone, and obtain each through the calculation of the well -shaking combination calculation. Unit sandstone thickness quantitative prediction diagram, analyze the characteristics of the oil and water distribution of the block, combine the favorable positions of the well deployment, combine the characteristics of the structure, the break, and the sandy body distribution, and prefer the dessert area. The original large sedimentation law understands that the “single structure favorable oil control zone” is required to re -evaluate the high -risk zone, and combine the fine structure interpretation with the sand body reservoir prediction. Improve the success rate of the evaluation control well in the dessert area, and follow the deployment of the block well after the guidance.
Research and Practice of Heavy Oil Hydraulic Pump Lifting Technology in Bohai Bay K Oilfield
Authors: Zhang Zu-feng , Shao Yan-feng , Zhu Ying-bin , Li Ling-ling , Li Xue-wei , Li Guo-peng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the early stage of heavy oil reservoir development in Bohai Bay K Oilfield, crude oil viscosity is high, conventional lifting processes have poor adaptability, and production energy consumption is high; Entering the stage of ultra-high water cut development, the company implemented carbon dioxide huff and puff, the difficulties in lifting matching brought about by the integrated wellbore requirements of injection and production, high gas-liquid ratio lifting, and enhanced corrosivity of the produced fluid. It conducted research on concentric dual/single pipe hydraulic lifting technology for heavy oil reservoirs, and conducted field practice. The research results and field practice show that the hydraulic pump lifting technology has good adaptability for both heavy oil sand production wells and heavy oil carbon dioxide huff and puff wells, effectively reducing the energy consumption of heavy oil lifting, significantly extending the pump inspection cycle of heavy oil sand production wells, significantly improving the lifting adaptability of carbon dioxide huff and puff wells, and has high promotion value in similar reservoirs and single wells.