bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disordered eating and substance use in an epidemiological sample: I. associations within individuals
Authors: von Ranson Kristin M. , Iacono William G. , McGue Matt 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the strength of associations between disordered eating and eating disorders and substance use and substance use disorders (SU/SUDs) in an epidemiological sample.Methods672 adolescent girls and 718 women completed structured interviews of lifetime eating disorders and substance use and misuse, as well as self‐reported current disordered eating attitudes and behaviors.ResultsAlthough effect sizes were small, eating attitudes and disorders were associated modestly with nicotine, alcohol, and drug use, and with nicotine dependence in adolescent girls. Alcohol use and misuse were related to eating attitudes and pathology in women. SU/SUDs were associated with restricting and bulimic behaviors and no prominent differences in associations were observed between substance classes. In contrast to findings in clinical populations, these community‐based results were positive but generally weak, suggesting there is no strong, overarching relationship between eating and substance use problems.DiscussionThese results have implications for the addiction model of eating disorders. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 389–403, 2002.
Anorexia nervosa, diabetes mellitus, brain atrophy, and fatty liver
Authors: Yaryura‐Tobias Jose A. , Pinto Anthony , Neziroglu Fugen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn increased number of diabetes mellitus cases followed by the development of anorexia nervosa have been reported. In this report, the opposite has been observed in the case of a patient with anorexia nervosa who later developed insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus, associated with brain atrophy and fatty liver. The patient was treated with insulin, amitriptylene, and behavior modification. Significant improvement was noted on this regimen. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 350–353, 2001.
A plate Luneberg lens with the permittivity distribution controlled by hole density
Authors: Sato Kenichi , Ujiie Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Luneberg lens enables easy beam scanning and has the possibility of multibeam forming. In order to apply these characteristics to a planar antenna, it is first necessary to discuss a method of fabrication for a thin‐plate Luneberg lens. On the other hand, there is a method of controlling permittivity whereby many holes having diameters sufficiently smaller than the wavelength are created in the dielectric material. Permittivity control by the hole density has been used as a method of adjusting the permittivity over a wide range in order to realize a matching layer for the lens, by creating many holes in the direction perpendicular to the incident electric field or close to this direction. In contrast, the authors propose a method for adjusting the permittivity over a wide range by creating multiple holes parallel to the electric field. By means of the hole density method, a Luneberg lens is fabricated. The operating characteristics are determined at 10 and 48 GHz. It is confirmed that the structure works well as a Luneberg lens at both frequencies. Further, as an example of the applications of the plate Luneberg lens, a parallel plate slot array antenna is fabricated and its radiation characteristics are measured. It is found that the Luneberg lens can be applied as the feed section of a high‐gain millimeter‐wave planar antenna with a beam scanning capability. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(9): 1–12, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1120
A note on the measurement method of the frequency response of a complex coefficient filter
Authors: Shouno Kazuhiro , Ishibashi Yukio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn general, signals with 90° phase difference from an orthogonal phase oscillator or a phase difference detector are used for measurement of the frequency characteristics of a complex coefficient filter with two input terminals for the real part and the imaginary part. However, since the phase splitter is designed by an approximate method, the phase difference of its output signal has an error. This paper describes the effect of the phase difference of the input signal on the error in the measurement of the frequency characteristics of a complex coefficient filter. Next, two new methods are described for deriving the frequency response of the complex coefficient filter without using an orthogonal phase oscillator or a phase splitter. The proposed method can be realized by providing the in‐phase and out‐of‐phase signals to two input terminals or by providing the signal only to one of the terminals while the other is grounded. Finally, the frequency response of the complex coefficient filter is measured with the proposed method and its effectiveness is confirmed. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(6): 32–41, 2002
A self‐regulated, self‐excited, single‐phase induction generator with a three‐phase auxiliary winding
Authors: Fukami Tadashi , Naoe Nobuyuki , Miyamoto Toshio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a new structure for a self‐regulated, self‐excited, single‐phase induction generator. The generator has two sets of electrically isolated stator windings, a single‐phase main winding and a three‐phase auxiliary winding. It employs a standard squirrel‐cage rotor. Three shunt capacitors are connected across the auxiliary winding, while a single‐phase load is connected across the main winding in series with a series capacitor. For analysis and design of this new generator, an equivalent circuit is derived using the method of symmetrical coordinates. Based on the equivalent circuit, the steady‐state performance of the generator is theoretically calculated, and the results are verified through experiments. In addition to a self‐regulating feature, the proposed generator has the advantage of balanced three‐phase excitation. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 138(1): 68–78, 2002
The affective consequences of social comparison as related to professional burnout and social comparison orientation
Authors: Buunk Bram P. , Ybema Jan F. , Gibbons Frederick X. , Ipenburg MarieLouise 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn a study among sociotherapists, the affective consequences of social comparison were examined and related to professional burnout and to individual differences in social comparison orientation. Participants were confronted with a bogus interview with an upward versus a downward comparison target. Upward comparison generated more positive and less negative affect than did downward comparison. Increasing levels of burnout were accompanied by less positive affect in response to upward comparison. Moreover, the higher the level of burnout, the more negative affect a description of a downward comparison target evoked, but only among individuals high in social comparison orientation. Finally, the higher the level of burnout, the higher the identification with the downward target, and the lower the identification with the upward target. However, this last effect did occur only among those low in social comparison orientation. Those high in social comparison orientation kept identifying with the upward target, even when they were high in burnout. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decategorization and the reduction of bias in the crossed categorization paradigm
Authors: Ensari Nurcan , Miller Norman 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWithin the crossed categorization paradigm we examined the consequences of cooperative and personalized contact under conditions that promoted attention to unique attributes of team members (decategorization) versus conditions that emphasized their category memberships. As predicted, when the rule for composing teams emphasized one or both of the experimentally induced dimensions of category distinction, ethnocentric bias generalized to members of another team as a function of category similarity. When, instead, the rule emphasized team members' unique attributes, shared in‐group memberships no longer moderated bias towards members of another team. Instead, there was an equivalence pattern in the evaluative ratings of the four targets (in‐group/in‐group; in‐group/out‐group; out‐group/in‐group; out‐group/out‐group) of the crossed categorization paradigm. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Responses to hedonically conflicting social comparisons: comparing happy and unhappy people
Authors: Lyubomirsky Sonja , Tucker Kari L. , Kasri Fazilet 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo laboratory studies explored how self‐rated unhappy and happy students balance hedonically conflicting social comparison information, and tested whether unhappy students would be relatively more sensitive to hedonically consistent unfavorable information. In both studies, students working in teams of four competed against one other team on a novel verbal task. First, unhappy participants showed relatively greater sensitivity to undiluted unfavorable feedback—about group standing (e.g. your team ‘lost’; Study 1) and about group and individual standing (e.g. your team lost and you were placed last; Study 2). Second, unhappy students were more reactive than happy students to individual social comparison information in the context of relative group feedback. In Study 1, the moods and self‐assessments of unhappy individuals (but not happy ones) after news of team defeat appeared to be buffered by the additional news of personal triumph. In Study 2, unhappy students showed relatively larger decreases in mood and ability assessments after unfavorable than after favorable individual feedback (i.e. ranking last versus first), regardless of whether they additionally learned that their teams had won or lost. The role of students' attributions and perceptions of their personal contribution was also explored. Implications of these findings for the links among social comparison, cognitive processes, and hedonic consequences are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic and environmental interactions on oral cancer in Southern Thailand
Authors: Kietthubthew Suparp , Sriplung Hutcha , Au William W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMany countries are interested in understanding the relationship between genetic susceptibility and their prevalent environmental cancers for disease prevention. In Thailand we conducted a population‐based case‐control study of 53 matched pairs to assess the risk of oral cancer in relation to genetic polymorphism of the glutathione‐S‐transferase genes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) in cigarette smokers, alcohol drinkers, and betel quid chewers. Interaction of the genes with other potential risk factors such as local bean consumption were also elucidated. Homozygous deletion of GSTM1 has a frequency of 56.6% (n = 30 over 53) among the patients and 30.2% (16/53) among the controls. This gene is associated with a 2.6‐fold higher risk for development of oral cancer (95% CI 1.04–6.5). Among the null GSTM1 individuals, those who smoke, consume alcohol, and/or chew betel quid have a significantly increased risk for oral cancer with an odd ratio (OR) = 4.0 (95% CI = 1.2–13.7), OR = 7.2 (95% CI = 1.5–33.8), and OR = 4.4 (95% CI = 1.1–17.8), respectively. Interactions between any two of the lifestyle habits for oral cancer risk, however, are not found. The frequency of the GSTT1 null genotype is 34.0% (18/53) among the patients and 47.2% (25/53) among our controls. There is no association between the GSTT1 null allele and oral cancer risk. In conclusion, our study provides data to indicate that individuals who have homozygous deletion of the GSTM1 gene have increased risk for oral cancer. The risk increases further when these individuals are exposed to environmental toxicants such as chemicals in cigarette smoke, alcohol, and betel quid. These baseline data can be applied to a larger population‐based study, both to verify the observation and to conduct mechanistic investigations. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 37:111–116, 2001 © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Probability analysis of seismic pounding of adjacent buildings
Authors: Lin Jeng‐Hsiang , Weng Cheng‐Chiang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe need to investigate the level of seismic pounding risk of buildings is apparent in future building code calibrations. In order to provide further insight into the pounding risk of adjacent buildings, this study develops a numerical simulation approach to estimate the seismic pounding risk of adjacent buildings separated by a minimum code‐specified separation distance during a certain period of time. It has been demonstrated that the period ratio of adjacent buildings is an important parameter that affects the pounding risk of adjacent buildings. However, there is no specific consideration for the period ratio in the related seismic pounding provisions of the 1997 Uniform Building Code. Results also reveal that, for two adjacent buildings, the probability distribution of required distance to avoid seismic pounding fits very well with the type I extreme value distribution. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal variation of crescentic dune morphology and morphometry, Strzelecki–Simpson Desert, Australia
Authors: Bishop Mark A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe general absence of contemporary dune building in the Australian arid zone finds the occurrence of crescentic dune genesis and evolution at Gurra Gurra waterhole, a somewhat enigmatic event amongst prevalent inactive linear dunescapes. Crescentic dune construction is geographically restricted to areas of dominant unidirectional high windiness and minimal vegetation, parameters that are generally uncommon in arid Australia today. The influence of seasonal multidirectional winds can see dune form undergo continual transition between quasi‐equilibrium and disequilibrium. Such dynamic antithesis is depicted in seasonal mathematical comparisons of the planimetric attributes, length and width. Dimensional equilibrium is a transient feature at Gurra Gurra waterhole and not characteristic of this dunescape. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical weathering since the Little Ice Age recorded in lake sediments: a high‐resolution proxy of past climate
Authors: Jin Zhangdong , Wang Sumin , Shen Ji , Zhang Enlou , Li Fuchun , Ji Junfeng , Lu Xinwei 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBecause of the different geochemical behaviour of rubidium and strontium in earth surface processes, variations of the Rb/Sr ratios in lake sediments were used as a geochemical proxy of chemical weathering and past climate in a single watershed. Low magnetic susceptibility, low CaCO3, low Sr concentration and, hence, high Rb/Sr ratio in the lake sediments indicate weak chemical weathering under a cold but wet climate during the Little Ice Age (LIA) in the closed Daihai Lake watershed. The concordant change in both Sr and CaCO3 concentrations with δ18O values in the Dunde ice core suggests that weak chemical weathering during the wet LIA was controlled by air temperature. After the LIA, however, precipitation played a dominant role in chemical weathering. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of volatile vapors emitted from explosives with a handheld ion mobility spectrometer
Authors: Ewing R. G. , Miller C. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVapor detection of plastic explosives is difficult because of the low vapor pressures of explosive components (i.e. RDX and PETN) present in the complex elastomeric matrix. To facilitate vapor detection of plastic explosives, detection agents (taggants) with higher vapor pressures can be added to bulk explosives during manufacture. This paper investigates the detection of two of these taggants, ethyleneglycol dinitrate (EGDN) and 2,3‐dimethyl‐2,3‐dinitrobutane (DMNB), using a handheld ion mobility spectrometer. These two taggants were detected both from neat vapor sources as well as from bulk explosives (nitroglycerin (NG)‐dynamite and C‐4 tagged with DMNB). EGDN was detected from NG‐dynamite as EGDN·NO3− at a reduced mobility value of 1.45 cm2 V−1 s−1 with detection limits estimated to be about 10 ppbv. DMNB was identified from tagged C‐4 as both negative and positive ions with reduced mobility values of 1.33 cm2 V−1 s−1 for DMNB·NO2− and 1.44 cm2 V−1s−1 for DMNB·NH4+. Positive ions for cyclohexanone were also apparent in the spectra from tagged C‐4 producing three additional peaks. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 215–221, 2001
Quantitative analysis of terpenoids in the gas phase using headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME)
Authors: Zabaras D. , Wyllie S. G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA relationship between the fibre coating/gas phase partition coefficient (Kfg) of terpenoids and their linear temperature programmed retention index (LTPRI) was derived using a group of selected monoterpenoids (with LTPRI's ≤ 1124). The accuracy of this relationship was tested by comparing calculated and experimentally measured Kfg values for the same group of 13 compounds, including monoterpene hydrocarbons, alcohols and ethers. A good agreement between the two values (RSD ≤ 11%) was found for most compounds, even when a BPX‐5 GC column was used for the determination of the LTPRI values. The derived model was then applied to the prediction of Kfg values for 37 other terpenoids found in aromatic plants. The similarity between calculated and experimentally measured Kfg values was found to be acceptable, even when the model was extrapolated for compounds with LTPRIs as high as 1481. Some of the predicted values were then applied to the quantitative determination of damage‐induced changes in the headspace concentration above Salvia officinalis L. (common sage) leaves. The relationship established in this paper enables the simple and accurate determination of terpenoids in the gas phase, using polydimethylsiloxane–solid‐phase microextraction (PDMS–SPME) at 25 °C. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses and odour descriptions of jasmine lactone and cis‐jasmone analogues bearing cyclopropane moieties
Authors: Kiyota Hiromasa , Higashi Emi , Koike Takanori , Oritani Takayuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAnalogues of jasmine lactone and cis‐jasmone, bearing cyclopropane rings instead of double bonds, were synthesized and their odour characteristics were examined. Modification of the cyclopentenone ring of cis‐jasmone reduced both the quality and the intensity of the original odour. Cyclopropanation of the pentenyl side chains did not increase the odour intensity, but it gave a fruity characteristic to the original odours of cis‐jasmone and jasmine lactone. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 3D incompressible Navier–Stokes velocity–vorticity weak form finite element algorithm
Authors: Wong K. L. , Baker A. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe velocity–vorticity formulation is selected to develop a time‐accurate CFD finite element algorithm for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in three dimensions.The finite element implementation uses equal order trilinear finite elements on a non‐staggered hexahedral mesh. A second order vorticity kinematic boundary condition is derived for the no slip wall boundary condition which also enforces the incompressibility constraint. A biconjugate gradient stabilized (BiCGSTAB) sparse iterative solver is utilized to solve the fully coupled system of equations as a Newton algorithm. The solver yields an efficient parallel solution algorithm on distributed‐memory machines, such as the IBM SP2. Three dimensional laminar flow solutions for a square channel, a lid‐driven cavity, and a thermal cavity are established and compared with available benchmark solutions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of target genes within an amplicon at 14q12‐q13 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yasui Kohichiroh , Imoto Issei , Fukuda Yoji , Pimkhaokham Atiphan , Yang Zeng‐Quen , Naruto Takuya , Shimada Yutaka , Nakamura Yusuke , Inazawa Johji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractComparative genomic hybridization studies have revealed frequent amplification of the 14q12‐q13 region in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESC) cell lines. To identify genes targeted for amplification, we first defined the minimal common region of amplification using fluorescence in situ hybridization in affected ESC cell lines. The amplicon covered about 6 Mb, between markers D14S1034 and L18528. Then we screened 32 ESC cell lines to discern amplifications and expression levels of 26 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that had been localized to the amplified region. Five known genes (BAZ1A, SRP54, NFKBIA, MBIP, and HNF3A) and two uncharacterized ESTs (GenBank Accession numbers AA991861 and AA167732) within the amplicon showed amplification and consequent overexpression. Two of these transcripts were amplified in three of the primary ESCs we examined. Our findings suggest that these seven genes are candidate targets of the amplification mechanism and therefore may be associated, together or separately, with development and progression of ESC. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Issues concerning association studies for fine mapping a susceptibility gene for a complex disease
Authors: Kaplan Norman , Morris Richard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe usefulness of association studies for fine mapping loci with common susceptibility alleles for complex genetic diseases in outbred populations is unclear. We investigate this issue for a battery of tightly linked anonymous genetic markers spanning a candidate region centered around a disease locus, and study the joint behavior of chi‐square statistics used to discover and to localize the disease locus. We used simulation methods based on a coalescent process with mutation, recombination, and genetic drift to examine the spatial distribution of markers with large noncentrality parameters in a case‐control study design. Simulations with a disease allele at intermediate frequency, presumably representing an old mutation, tend to exhibit the largest noncentrality parameter values at markers near the disease locus. In contrast, simulations with a disease allele at low frequency, presumably representing a young mutation, often exhibit the largest noncentrality parameter values at markers scattered over the candidate region. In the former cases, sample sizes or marker densities sufficient to detect association are likely to lead to useful localization, whereas, in the latter case, localization of the disease locus within the candidate region is much less likely, regardless of the sample size or density of the map. The effects of increasing sample size or marker density are also investigated. Based upon a single marker analysis, we find that a simple strategy of choosing the marker with the smallest associated P value to begin a laboratory search for the disease locus performs adequately for a common disease allele. We also investigated a strategy of pooling nearby sites to form multiple allele markers. Using multiple degree of freedom chi‐square tests for two or three nearby sites, we found no clear advantage of this form of pooling over a single marker analysis. Genet. Epidemiol. 20:432–457, 2001. Published by Wiley‐Liss, 2001.
On the validity of the TDT test in the presence of comorbidity and ascertainment bias
Authors: Robins James M. , Smoller Jordan W. , Lunetta Kathryn L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractComorbidity, the association of two disorders, occurs commonly with complex diseases. In this paper, we investigate the effects of both true (within‐family) comorbidity and spurious comorbidity due to ascertainment bias on the validity of both the parental and sibling control transmission/disequilibrium test. Specifically, we consider settings in which a candidate gene is unlinked to the target phenotype but is in linkage disequilibrium with a comorbid phenotype. We derive conditions under which the presence of true and/or spurious comorbidity will result in an artificial correlation between the target phenotype and the candidate gene. Genet. Epidemiol. 21:326–336, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.