bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Acetaminophen on Behavior, Well‐Being, and Psychotropic Medication Use in Nursing Home Residents with Moderate‐to‐Severe Dementia
Authors: Chibnall John T. , Tait Raymond C. , Harman Bonnie , Luebbert Rebecca A. 
Published: September 2005

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of regularly scheduled administration of analgesic medication on behavior, emotional well‐being, and use of as‐needed psychotropic medications in nursing home residents with moderate‐to‐severe dementia.Design: Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover trial.Setting: Nursing‐home based.Participants: Twenty‐five nursing home residents with moderate‐to‐severe dementia.Intervention: Participants received 4 weeks of acetaminophen (3,000 mg/d) and 4 weeks of placebo.Measurements: Behavior and emotional well‐being were assessed using Dementia Care Mapping, an observational method that quantifies time spent in behaviors across 26 domains (e.g., social interaction, unattended distress) and assesses emotional state while behaviors are being observed. Agitation was measured using the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory. As‐needed psychotropic medication use was aggregated from medication logs.Results: Participants spent more time in social interaction, engaged with media, talking to themselves, engaged in work‐like activity, and experiencing unattended distress when they received acetaminophen than they did when they received placebo. Participants also spent less time in their rooms, less time removed from the nursing home unit, and less time performing personal care activities when they received acetaminophen. There were no effects on agitation, emotional well‐being, or as‐needed psychotropic medication use.Conclusion: Untreated pain inhibits activity in nursing home residents with moderate‐to‐severe dementia. Pain treatment in this group may facilitate engagement with the environment.
Influences of fertilization on population abundance, distribution, and control of Frankliniella occidentalis on chrysanthemum
Authors: Chau Amanda , Heinz Kevin M. , Davies Fred T. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe examined the effects of fertilization on population abundance and within‐plant distribution of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), on potted chrysanthemum, Dendranthema grandiflora (Tzvelev). We also investigated the effects of fertilization on the number of insecticide applications needed to control F. occidentalis on potted chrysanthemum. Under greenhouse conditions, rate of change in population abundance of F. occidentalis increased with fertilization levels from 0 to 100% of the standard fertilization level (375 ppm N) and was four times higher on plants fertilized with the standard level (rate of change = 0.14) than on plants fertilized with 0% during the first 4 weeks after thrips inoculation. Within‐plant distribution of F. occidentalis was influenced by the phenology of the plants rather than total nitrogen content of plant tissues. Prior to flower opening, more F. occidentalis were found in the middle region of the plants. When the flowers began to open, more thrips were found feeding inside the flowers than on the leaves. We further showed that production time, the time from transplantation to flower opening, shortened considerably with increased fertilization level. Production time was shortest, 12 weeks, for plants fertilized with 100% of the standard fertilization level. When the fertilization level was reduced to 20%, production time lengthened to 13 weeks. When fertilization level was reduced to 0%, production time lengthened to 14 weeks. Increased fertilization from 0 to 100% of the standard level did not result in higher numbers of insecticide applications. All three insecticides (acephate, bifenthrin, and spinosad) were effective in keeping the thrips infestation below a predetermined level, five thrips per plant, but bifenthrin required the most number of applications to do so. For chrysanthemum, a fast‐growing crop and heavy utilizer of fertilizer, fertilization influenced not only the population growth of pest insects but also plant production time. As a result, optimizing fertilization level to reduce pest population growth may be a useful tactic in an Integrated Pest Management program for managing F. occidentalis on potted chrysanthemum. However, the effect of fertilization on production time and plant quality should also be considered when implementing this tactic.
Gingival involvement of oral lichen planus in a series of 700 patients
Authors: Mignogna Michele D. , Russo Lucio Lo , Fedele Stefano 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosa disorders. OLP gingival involvement is very frequently observed, and it is characterized by wide variations in clinical appearance and symptoms, leading, in many cases, to misdiagnosis or undiagnosis. This can be potentially harmful since OLP patients require appropriate management in oral and periodontal care, together with an adequate systemic evaluation.Objective: In this paper, we have analysed the prevalence and clinical aspects of gingival lesions in our series of 700 patients affected by OLP. Furthermore, we have discussed the possible periodontal implications on the basis of the available literature.Patients and Methods: Data from 700 patients affected by OLP, clinically and histologically assessed, have been studied; the location and morphology of lesions, the symptoms and the progression of the disease have been considered, with particular attention given to gingival involvement.Results: Gingival lesions have been diagnosed in 48% of cases, usually associated with diffuse oral involvement. Only 7.4% of patients had OLP lesions confined to the gingiva. The morphology of lesions included all the forms originally described for OLP (reticular, papular, plaque, atrophic, erosive and bullous). The symptoms, if present, varied from mild discomfort to severe oral pain, with the general trend increasing from the keratotic to the erosive forms. The gingiva was involved in four out of 21 of our oral cancer cases, which developed from pre‐existing OLP lesions.Conclusion: OLP is a very proteiform disorder; considering the high frequency of gingival involvement and its influence on oral health, it is our opinion that periodontologists should be involved in OLP management and should become familiar with its clinical aspects and related themes.
Morphological and molecular analysis of idiopathic gingival fibromatosis: a case report
Authors: Gagliano Nicoletta , Moscheni Claudia , Dellavia Claudia , Masiero Silvia , Torri Carlo , Grizzi Fabio , Stabellini Giordano , Gioia Magda 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAim: We analyse a case of idiopathic gingival overgrowth using morphological and molecular methods. As this overgrowth involves collagen accumulation in the gingival connective tissue, we measured the collagen turnover to clarify the pathogenic mechanisms potentially involved.Materials and Methods: The patient was a 29‐year‐old Italian woman with enlargement of the gingivae throughout the entire mandible and maxilla. Morphological analyses were carried out on haematoxylin–eosin and Sirius red‐stained paraffin‐embedded gingival sections. mRNA levels of collagen type I and III, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1, transforming growth factor‐β1 and lysyl hydroxylase (LH)2b were determined by RT‐PCR on cultured gingival fibroblasts and compared with healthy control fibroblasts. Interstitial collagen and MMP‐1 content in the supernatants were assessed, respectively, by dot blot and SDS zymography.Results and Conclusions: In Sirius red‐stained sections of the patient's overgrown gingivae, interstitial collagen content was 29% higher than controls. Her gingival fibroblasts had higher collagen type I, MMP‐1 and LH2b gene expression and unmodified interstitial collagen, type I protein levels in the supernatants. These findings would seem to suggest that in this case collagen accumulation in the gingival connective tissue was not associated with increased synthesis and decreased degradation.
Association between passive and active smoking evaluated by salivary cotinine and periodontitis
Authors: Yamamoto Yumiko , Nishida Nobuko , Tanaka Muneo , Hayashi Naoji , Matsuse Ryoichi , Nakayama Kunio , Morimoto Kanehisa , Shizukuishi Satoshi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAim: This study attempted to determine the relationship between passive and active smoking on the basis of salivary cotinine levels and periodontitis severity.Methods: Japanese workers (n=273) were surveyed via an oral examination, a self‐administered questionnaire and collection of whole saliva. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) served as periodontal parameters. Periodontitis was defined as the presence of two or more teeth with PPD 3.5 mm and CAL 3.5 mm. Salivary cotinine was determined using ELISA. Statistical methods included Wilcoxon's rank‐sum test and multiple logistic regression analysis.Results: Based on the results of receiver‐operating characteristic plots for cotinine‐level classification derived from self‐reported smoking status, non‐, passive and active smokers were defined as those subjects exhibiting cotinine levels of 0, 1–7 and 8 ng/ml, respectively. Numbers of teeth displaying CAL 3.5 mm in passive and active smokers were significantly higher than those in non‐smokers. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed significantly higher periodontitis odds ratios in passive and active smokers relative to non‐smokers following adjustment for other lifestyle factors; odds ratios were 2.87 [95% confidence interval (CI); 1.05–7.82] and 4.91 (95% CI; 1.80–13.35), respectively.Conclusion: These findings suggest that passive smoking classified in terms of salivary cotinine level may be an independent periodontitis risk indicator.
The high prognostic value of the histologic grade at the deep invasive front of tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kurokawa H. , Zhang M. , Matsumoto S. , Yamashita Y. , Tomoyose T. , Tanaka T. , Fukuyama H. , Takahashi T. 
Published: September 2005

Background:  Although many histopathologic factors in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue predict the prognosis, the major predictive factors have not been identified clearly. This study analyzed the prognostic value of the histologic grade at the deep invasive front of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:  The clinicopathologic features of 124 consecutive patients seen between January 1985 and December 1999 with previously untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue were reviewed. Their mean age was 58.5 years (range: 23–90) and the male–female ratio was 1.8: 1 (79 men and 45 women). There were 41, 40, 30, and 13 cases at stage I to stage IV, respectively. The clinicopathologic factors, especially the histologic grade at the deep invasive front (invasive front grade, IFG), were analyzed to determine factors predicting prognosis.Results:  The 5‐year disease‐free survival rate of the patients treated with curative aim only was 66.7%. Clinicopathologic factors significantly associated with the prognosis were T classification, tumor size, stage classification, tumor depth, macroscopic appearance, cervical lymph node metastasis (nodal metastasis), microvascular invasion, and IFG. In a multivariate analysis, patients with tumor depth ≥4 mm, IFG ≥8 points, and nodal metastasis had a reduced disease‐free survival and IFG ≥11 points had a predictive value for nodal metastasis (odds ratio: 7.34; P = 0.0019).Conclusion:  This study found that a high IFG malignancy score had a high prognostic value for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.
Immunohistochemical co‐localization of lymphatics and blood vessels in oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Xuan Ming , Fang Yi‐Ru , Wato Masahiro , Hata Shintaro , Tanaka Akio 
Published: September 2005

Background:  Differentiating lymphatic vessels from blood vessels is difficult, partly due to the lack of a specific method for identifying lymphatics. A new lymphatic vessel‐reactive antibody, D2‐40 has recently become commercially available. We examined the selectivity of D2‐40 for lymphatics in oral neoplastic lesions for discrimination from blood vessels.Methods:  Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections of oral lymphangiomas (n = 3), oral hemangiomas (n = 7), and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC, n = 46) were double immunostained with D2‐40 and anti‐CD34 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) using ENVISION‐polymer technique with 5‐bromo‐4‐chloro‐3‐indoxyl‐phosphate (BCIP)/nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) and 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine (DAB) as color reagents, respectively.Results:  In the oral lymphangiomas and hemangiomas D2‐40 was detected in all lymphatics, while all blood vessels were positive for CD34. In OSCC, number of vessels for lymphatics (P < 0.01) and for blood vessels in the perineoplastic areas were significantly greater than those in intratumoral areas.Conclusions:  These results indicate that lymphatic proliferation might be much more extensive in the peritumoral area than intratumoral.
Chronic GVHD in minor salivary glands and oral mucosa: histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of 25 patients
Authors: Soares A. B. , Faria P. R. , Magna L. A. , Correa M. E. P. , De Sousa C. A. , Almeida O. P. , Cintra M. L. 
Published: September 2005

Background:  Graft‐vs.‐host disease (GVHD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT). The aim of our study was to identify the most relevant histological features for diagnosis of chronic Graft‐vs.‐Host Disease (cGVHD) in oral mucosa and minor salivary glands of 25 patients, as well as to evaluate the immunophenotype of the inflammatory cells.Methods:  Sixteen patients that were submitted to allogeneic BMT but did not present cGVHD were selected as a control group. The sections were studied on H & E and CD68, CD45, CD4, CD8, CD20 staining.Results:  The most frequent histologic findings in oral mucosa at the day of diagnosis of cGVHD were: hydropic degeneration of the basal layer of the epithelium, apoptotic bodies, lymphocytic infiltration, and focal or total cleavage between the epithelial and connective tissue. In the labial salivary glands (LSG), lymphocytic infiltration, acinar loss and fibrosis were the main alterations. Cytotoxic CD8‐T cells and macrophages were predominant both in the epithelium and connective tissue, as well as in minor salivary glands.Conclusions:  Histological features were useful in the diagnosis of oral cGVHD. It is suggested that CD8‐T cells and macrophages play important role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
COGNITIVE, MOTIVATIONAL AND TEMPERAMENTAL INDICANTS OF CREATIVITY AND INTELLIGENCE1
Authors: ROSSMAN B. B. , HORN J. L. 
Published: September 2005

Relationships between measures of creativity and measures of intelligence were analysed to show that even when the intercorrelations among the former are not appreciably larger than correlations between creativity and intelligence measures, dimensions of creativity are found to be psychometrically and conceptually distinct from dimensions of intelligence.One hundred eighty‐eight art and engineering college students were administered objective tests and questionnaires designed to tap a number of ability and nonability indicants of creativity and intelligence. Some of these measures were of a kind that some investigators would regard as “criterion” measures of creativity and intelligence. Data were analysed by means of correlational and factor analytic procedures. Eight major influences were indicated by independent factors rotated to approximate simple structure. The influences represented by these factors were identified as: fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, memory, fluency, rule‐orientation versus intuitive thinking, and self‐sufficient‐calculated‐risk‐taking. The fourth, seventh, and eighth factors were discussed as representing distinct cognitive, motivational, and temperamental aspects of creativity. At the level of test intercorrelations discriminant validity did not obtain–measures of creativity did not intercorrelate more highly among themselves than they correlated with measures of intelligence. The putative factors of creativity did correlate more highly with creativity criteria, however, than did the factors identified as representing intelligence. Moreover, the intelligence factors were more highly related to intelligence criteria than to creativity criteria.Thus the evidence of this study suggests that it is useful to think of creativity and intelligence as the outgrowths of distinct (although overlapping) sets of influences, even when this is not well indicated by discriminant‐convergent validation analyses carried out with respect to tests (in contrast to factors).
POSTDICTION STUDY OF THE GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATION AND EIGHT SEMESTERS OF COLLEGE GRADES1
Authors: HUMPHREYS LLOYD G. , TABER THOMAS 
Published: September 2005

Data from a postdictive study of the tests of the Graduate Record Examination and the eight semesters of undergraduate grade averages, each semester's average being computed independently of the rest, are presented. Postdictive validities of the aptitude portions of the GRE are essentially similar to predictive validities obtained earlier by the senior author. Both predictive and postdictive validity gradients over the eight semesters are relatively steep, with freshman grades having the highest correlations with the tests.The validity gradient for all advanced tests combined does not follow the pattern for the aptitude tests, but neither does it show the opposite gradient. Advanced test results are most highly correlated with sophomore grades, but the validity gradient over the eight semesters is relatively flat. A small scale extension of this research into post baccalaureate training indicated that senior grades were most predictive of graduate criteria, but a larger scale study is clearly called for. Possible implications for ability theory and for selection of graduate students are discussed.
THE EFFECTS OF INSTRUCTION FOR THREE MATHEMATICS ITEM FORMATS1
Authors: EVANS FRANKLIN R. , PIKE LEWIS W. 
Published: September 2005

Different instructional programs were developed for three mathematics aptitude item formats to determine the relative susceptibility of each to special instruction. Subjects were male and female high school junior volunteers in 12 schools. In the seven weeks between a pre‐ and posttest, experimental Ss received 21 hours of instruction for one of the three formats; control Ss received no special instrucion.Each of the three formats was found susceptible to instruction directed toward it. The complex formats were most susceptible. Female Ss were slightly less able mathematically at the outset and benefited less from instruction than males. Mean gains of nearly a full standard deviation for groups instructed for the complex formats were considered to be of practical consequence.
SELF‐RATINGS OF COLLEGE TEACHERS: A COMPARISON WITH STUDENT RATINGS
Authors: CENTRA JOHN A. 
Published: September 2005

College teachers’ self‐ratings were investigated in this study by comparing them to ratings given by students. The sample consisted of 343 teaching faculty from five colleges; these teachers, as well as the students in one of their classes, responded to a 21‐item instructional report questionnaire. Teacher self‐ratings had only a modest relationship with the ratings given by students (a median correlation of .21 for the items). In addition to the general lack of agreement between self and student evaluations, there was also a tendency for teachers as a group to give themselves better ratings than their students did.Discrepancies between individual teacher ratings and ratings given by the class were further analyzed for: (a) sex of the teacher (no difference found); (b) number of years of teaching experience (no difference); and (c) subject area of the course (differences noted for natural science courses vs. those in education and applied areas).
LONGITUDINAL STUDIES OF TEST‐WISENESS
Authors: CREHAN KEVIN D. , KOEHLER ROGER A. , SLAKTER MALCOLM J. 
Published: September 2005

Longitudinal studies were conducted to examine test‐wiseness (tw) with respect to (a) grade differences, (b) grade by sex interaction, and (c) stability. Included in the tw measure were stem‐option, absurd‐options, similar‐options, and specific‐determiners. Ss were students in grades 5 through 11; 539 Ss were observed twice with a 2 year interval between observations.Results indicated (a) significant increases on tw in four of five cases, (b) no sex by grade interaction, and (c) tw as a stable characteristic over the grade levels studied.
MEASURING INSTRUCTIONAL VALIDITY: A REPORT OF AN INSTRUCTIONAL VALIDITY STUDY FOR THE ALABAMA HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION EXAMINATION
Authors: HARDY ROY A. 
Published: September 2005

Prior to the initial administration of the Alabama High School Graduation Exam, this study was conducted to determine to what extent competencies to be measured by the exam were being taught in the public schools of Alabama.Teachers of grades 7, 8, 9, and 10 were asked to report the proportion of students in their classes who had received instruction on each competency. The survey identifies a number of competencies that were not being extensively taught and provides insight as to possible reasons certain competencies are not uniformly taught.
Using a New Statistical Model for Testlets to Score TOEFL
Authors: Wainer Howard , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: September 2005

Standard item response theory (IRT) models fit to examination responses ignore the fact that sets of items (testlets) often are matched with a single common stimulus (e.g., a reading comprehension passage). In this setting, all items given to an examinee are unlikely to be conditionally independent (given examinee proficiency). Models that assume conditional independence will overestimate the precision with which examinee proficiency is measured. Overstatement of precision may lead to inaccurate inferences as well as prematurely ended examinations in which the stopping rule is based on the estimated standard error of examinee proficiency (e.g., an adaptive test). The standard three parameter IRT model was modified to include an additional random effect for items nested within the same testlet (Wainer, Bradlow, & Du, 2000). This parameter, γ characterizes the amount of local dependence in a testlet.We fit 86 TOEFL testlets (50 reading comprehension and 36 listening comprehension) with the new model, and obtained a value for the variance of γ for each testlet. We compared the standard parameters (discrimination (a), difficulty (b) and guessing (c)) with what is obtained through traditional modeling. We found that difficulties were well estimated either way, but estimates of both a and c were biased if conditional independence is incorrectly assumed. Of greater import, we found that test information was substantially over‐estimated when conditional independence was incorrectly assumed.