bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Interfacial Ferromagnetism and Magnetic Anisotropy of CaRuO3/SrTiO3 Superlattices via Substrate Orientation
Authors: Shi Wenxiao , Zheng Jie , Li Zhe , Wang Mengqin , Zhu Zhaozhao , Zhang Jine , Zhang Hui , Chen Yunzhong , Hu Fengxia , Shen Baogen , Chen Yuansha , Sun Jirong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractArtificial oxide heterostructures have provided promising platforms for the exploration of emergent quantum phases with extraordinary properties. One of the most interesting phenomena is the interfacial magnetism formed between two non‐magnetic compounds. Here, a robust ferromagnetic phase emerged at the (111)‐oriented heterointerface between paramagnetic CaRuO3 and diamagnetic SrTiO3 is reported. The Curie temperature is as high as ≈155 K and the saturation magnetization is as large as ≈1.3 µB per formula unit for the (111)‐CaRuO3/SrTiO3 superlattices, which are obviously superior to those of the (001)‐oriented counterparts and are comparable to the typical itinerant ferromagnet SrRuO3. A strong in‐plane magnetic anisotropy with six‐fold symmetry is further revealed by the anisotropic magnetoresistance measurements, presenting a large in‐plane anisotropic field of 3.0–3.6 T. More importantly, the magnetic easy axis of the (111)‐oriented superlattices can be effectively tuned from 〈1〉 to 〈〉 directions by increasing the layer thickness of SrTiO3. The findings demonstrate a feasible approach to enhance the interface coupling effect by varying the stacking orientation of oxide heterostructures. The tunable magnetic anisotropy also shows potential applications in low‐power‐consumption or exchange spring devices.
A survey and analysis of drone detection systems using a systems approach superposed on scenarios
Authors: Kashi Rajanikanth Nagaraj , Prashanth Anushka , Kashi Sumukh Rajanikanth , Prabhakara Gayathri 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe proliferation of drones in civil and military applications has brought about new challenges in the context of safety and security considerations of operational aspects. The use of small‐ and medium‐sized drones in civilian airspaces even with regulatory approval may not provide guarantees of safety and security. Detection of drones is the first step towards providing a mitigating mechanism for challenges posed by mal‐intentioned drones. Sensors and their characteristics affecting the detection process are discussed. A figure of merit is proposed to compare systems employing these sensors. The key focus of the paper is the examination of the spectrum of drone detection systems (DDS) using a systems‐based approach applied to scenarios. In order to make an equitable comparison between systems, two scenarios are utilized to discuss system characteristics. Next, a survey of DDS in each of these scenarios is performed. Artifacts are analyzed, culling information using the systems model. An approach is proposed to perform evaluation of these artifacts using a scoring mechanism. Simple yet novel measures to assess the information content pertaining to DDS are presented. This approach enables researchers, system architects, system designers, solution providers, and system integrators to be aware of various challenges at the system and subsystem level. The proposed method helps to provide pointers to the literature where information about challenges and specific solutions can be obtained.
Prediction of entire thermal degradation process of polymethyl methacrylate infiltrated with kerosene by a modified artificial neural network
Authors: Wu Yueqiang , Zhao Zhiyuan , Chen Ruiyu , Liu Yitao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPredicting the entire thermal degradation process of solid combustibles infiltrated with flammable liquids is a challenge at present. In the current study, a novel artificial neural network (ANN) framework containing data preprocessing, data normalization and data transformation is proposed to predict the entire thermal degradation process of polymethyl methacrylate infiltrated with kerosene at three scenarios: (1) fixed kerosene mass fraction with various heating rates, (2) fixed heating rate with various kerosene mass fractions, and (3) various kerosene mass fractions with various heating rates. The entire thermal degradation process of scenario (1) can be accurately predicted using the ANN with 2‐4‐2‐1 topology. Using the data transformation formula exp(x1(1 + x2) to generate a new input variable based on temperature and kerosene mass fraction, a new ANN with 3‐4‐2‐1 topology can accurately predict the entire thermal degradation process of scenario (2). Two new input variables are generated using the data transformation formula 1/(1 + log((1 + x1)(1 + x2))) based on two data sets: (1) kerosene mass fraction and temperature, and (2) heating rate and temperature. The new ANN with 5‐4‐2‐1 topology can accurately predict the entire thermal degradation process at all three scenarios. The new ANN with Levenberg–Marquardt training function and Tanh activation function possesses the best prediction performance.Highlights
Data preprocessing can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of ANN.
ANN with a suitable hidden layer structure has high prediction accuracy.
The new ANN can predict the entire pyrolysis process in various scenarios.
ANN with LM and Tanh has the highest prediction accuracy.
Where Do Plants Get Their Mass From? Using Drawings to Assess Adolescent Students’ Modelling Skills and Their Ideas About Plant Growth
Authors: Rybska Eliza , Wojtkowiak Joanna , Chyleńska Zofia , Karnaou Pantelitsa , Constantinou Costas P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which we could use student-constructed drawings to identify how students’ modelling skills evolve with age and how they relate to progress in their understanding of the mechanism of photosynthesis. Drawings are thought to complement the written text and oral discourse in revealing aspects of students’ understanding of biological processes. In addition, representing information in text and graphics has been identified as a productive strategy for the construction, refinement and evaluation of models. The study was conducted in three schools, with 75 students in grades 5, 7 and 10. The students responded to a questionnaire that consisted of two parts. In the first part, they answered questions about their individual experiences with plants, the processes involved in plant growth, and the role and value of plants in the earth’s ecosystem. In the second part, they were asked to develop a model in the form of a drawing answering the question “Where do plants get their mass from?” The students’ responses to both parts were analysed following a grounded theory approach, by following an iterative cycle of coding, code refinement and recoding. The responses were also scored for knowledge about plants and for three aspects of the modelling competence: representation of photosynthesising agents; illustration of the mechanism of photosynthesis; predictions with respect to environmental or other changes. Age/educational experience/maturation had an important influence on students’ responses and their drawings. Within each age group, we found that the more students knew about plants, the better their drawings worked as models of the process of photosynthesis. The responses also provide valuable information on the alternative conceptions held by students.
Implementing Climate Change Education: The Role of Inter-sectorial Collaborations
Authors: Naugauker Nofar , Ben-Zvi-Assaraf Orit , Goldman Daphne , Eilam Efrat 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEducation is essential for preparing societies to live in the era of Climate Change (CC), with increasing calamities. Accordingly, Departments of Education across the globe are currently grappling with the challenge of developing and implementing CC curricula. While there is a growing body of research examining CC curricula and their implementation, research scarcely gives a voice to policy makers and educators who are actively involved in CC curriculum development and implementation. The present study focuses on Israel as a case study and puts forward the objectives to (i) analyze the perceptions of CC education policymakers and education professionals regarding climate change education (CCE); (ii) identify existing opportunities and challenges to effective implementation; and (iii) characterize the inter-sectorial collaborations involved in CCE implementation. Data was collected from: policymakers in the Israel Ministry of Education (MoE), coordinators of middle school teachers’ professional development, and secondary school teachers who are currently active in CCE. Thematic analysis revealed wide agreement concerning the importance of implementing CCE; the importance of the science basis of CC alongside other multidisciplinary aspects; an agreement that CC needs to be taught in a cross-curriculum approach; and the important roles of values and activism. The findings also revealed challenges related to epistemological ambiguity, realizing system change and curriculum users’ experience. Finally, the role of inter-sectorial collaborations is discussed, highlighting the complexity of the relationships.
Primary Students’ Visions Regarding Environmental Factors Influencing Biodiversity in Specific Environments
Authors: Rammou Chadia , Amat Arnau , Jiménez-Bargalló Isabel , Martí Jordi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to study which environmental factors are considered by primary school students to explain the biodiversity of particular environments. The study is part of the Patis Biodivers project, which aims to understand and promote biodiversity in schoolyards through authentic inquiry-based science education. Data were collected through a set of focus groups conducted with 49 primary school students (8–12-year-olds) from three schools in an urban area. The results showed how vegetation was considered a key factor to enhance biodiversity and, for this reason, primary students mainly mentioned forests and jungles as the places with the greatest biodiversity. Abiotic factors – temperature and humidity in particular – were taken into account above all to explain the lack of biodiversity in deserts or polar zones. Human beings were usually described as a limiting factor causing the loss of biodiversity.
Exploring a Theory-Practice Gap: An Investigation of Pre-service Biology Teachers’ Enacted TPACK
Authors: Aumann Alexander , Weitzel Holger 
Published: December 2023

AbstractKey to a qualitatively high utilization of the potential of digital technology and media (DTM) in biology teaching is Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK). However, little information is available on how pre-service biology teachers (PSBTs) transfer their TPACK acquired at university into classroom practice. This case study accompanies three PSBTs during their internship semester. The PSBTs were asked to plan, implement, and reflect on a biology lesson in which students create explainer videos regarding a biological content. Lesson plans, videotaped lesson observations, and semi-structured lesson reflection interviews were collected and evaluated using qualitative content analysis. Two types of dealing with TPACK can be identified: type one separates between content and DTM use, focusing on DTM and pushing the content into the background. Content plays a role only at the beginning of planning; content-related lesson objectives remain vague or overwhelming. The shift of focus takes place before or during the creation of the lesson plans. Type two is characterized by purposefully linking DTM use with the content, using video production as a tool for content learning.
Investigative School Research Projects in Biology: Effects on Students
Authors: Lodge Wilton G. , Reiss Michael J. , Sheldrake Richard 
Published: December 2023

AbstractScience education is sometimes oriented around students learning science by doing science. Investigative research projects may be intended to reflect some aspects of science more authentically than other teaching and learning approaches. What remains under-researched is what the effects on students are of undertaking such projects. We collected data from students who were participating in biology research projects. Our research question is ‘How do secondary school students who are participating in a biology research project see both science and themselves in relation to it?’. Thirteen 12–18-year-olds who were undertaking such projects in England participated in in-depth 1:1 semi-structured interviews in 2021. There was an association between the participants’ motivation for engaging with the investigative research project and their science identities, with many of them articulating that the project provided them with an “authentic” experience of what “real scientists” do. For some of the participants, engaging in an investigative research project afforded them opportunities not only to develop their scientific inquiry skills but to gain a deeper understanding of the epistemological dimensions of science and its connection with historical, cultural and social values. This greater appreciation and insight into the nature of science increased their science-related career aspirations.
Investigating Relationships Between Epistemological Beliefs and Personal Beliefs in Biological Evolution
Authors: Baytelman Andreani , Loizou Theonitsa , Chadjiconstantinou Salomi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe present study examines the relationships between 12th grade students’ epistemological beliefs toward science and their personal beliefs in plant evolution, animal evolution and human evolution, before biological evolution instruction. Epistemological beliefs toward science, refer to students’ (and other individuals’) beliefs about the nature of knowledge and the process of knowing. Personal beliefs in biological evolution are considered to be personal truths or subjective views in biological evolution. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that there would be a relation between students’ epistemological beliefs toward science and their personal beliefs in biological evolution. Fifty-one (51) 12th grade students participated in the study. Participants’ epistemological beliefs and personal beliefs in biological evolution were assessed separately. A multiple regression analysis tested for relationships between students’ epistemological beliefs and their personal beliefs in biological evolution. Results showed that 12th grade students’ epistemological beliefs predicted their personal beliefs in plant evolution and animal evolution, but not in human evolution. In particular, students who held relatively sophisticated epistemological beliefs about the source of knowledge believed more in plant evolution and animal evolution than students with less sophisticated epistemological beliefs. Educational implications are discussed.
Deploying Energy Justice for a Meaningful Inclusion of Indigenous Peoples in Energy Decision-Making
Authors: Pouhe Mathilde Stephanie Ngo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues’ assessment of the rights of indigenous peoples within the global energy mix found that First Nations peoples are negatively impacted by the energy transition value chain on a variety of levels, including their access to lands and resources, their right to participate in decision-making processes, and their ability to maintain cultural practices. According to experts, 69% of the lands used for energy transition mining projects are situated on or close to the territory of indigenous people. They live in rural and remote areas where 84% of people do not have access to electricity. Consequently, indigenous peoples are drastically subject to energy poverty, among the other injustices they face. The confluence of these facts prompts consideration of the function that the procedural justice and recognition justice framework can play in resolving, minimising, and addressing the grievances of indigenous people. From the analysis of Community-Based Renewable Energy Systems (CBRES) and co-equity mechanisms examples, the article argues the necessity to build stronger connection with minorities, especially First Nations to achieve a just and equitable transition.
Contribution of Local Energy Communities to the Realization of a Just Energy Transition in Spain
Authors: Zamora Ignacio , Garzón Alejandra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter begins by stressing the importance of electricity as an essential element to modern life in society. The above is followed by an insight into the relevance of local energy communities, an emerging figure that can enable new ways of producing and consuming electricity for the benefit of the community. Such a structural shift must be guided by the principle of energy justice. However, the current Spanish regulatory context is not enabling of this. In addition, existing European directives applicable to energy communities have not yet been fully transposed. But despite these barriers, opportunities for the development of local energy communities in Spain do exist. The country possesses abundant renewable energy resources, including solar and wind power, which can be harnessed by communities to become more self-sufficient and sustainable in their consumption of energy. To conclude, the chapter proposes a series of regulatory mechanisms that may be useful for deploying energy communities in Spain in light of the above-mentioned principle of energy justice.
The Power of Consumers: On the Interplay Between Consumer-Centric Markets and Energy Justice
Authors: Michaelis Anne , Weibelzahl Martin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs electricity systems undergo a profound transformation characterized by decentralization and the emergence of millions of new electricity consumers, including electric vehicles and heat pumps, the complexity of modern electricity markets is on the rise. This development presents a unique opportunity for consumers to actively participate in electricity markets. To avoid divergent developments, it is essential to comprehensively consider the interplay between electricity market design and energy justice. This chapter identifies main barriers to consumer-centric electricity markets and outlines a modern cycle of energy justice and consumer-centric electricity markets. Consumer-centric electricity markets, which put consumers at the heart, can be a catalyst for energy justice. Conversely, energy justice and its various forms can help design and successfully implement consumer-centric electricity markets aligned with a low-carbon economy and society. Policymakers must address both policy areas cohesively to avoid the emergence of electricity markets that fail to harness justice potentials. Consumer-centric electricity markets have the potential to drive transformative change, making it imperative to empower consumers in this evolving landscape. Now is the time to give power to consumers.
Just Transitions in Extractive Territories
Authors: Righetti Tara 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe energy transition will have profound impacts on extractive territories—those that currently produce fossil-based fuel minerals and those that will be transformed by production of the critical minerals and materials necessary for clean energy production. To fossil-fuel extraction regions, the energy transition may result in collapse of existing social and fiscal systems. Energy justice demands recognition of these harms, restoration of past environmental damage and underinvestment, and fair procedures to allow full participation and autonomy within a transformed and decarbonized energy and economic system. This must commence with restorative justice efforts that a mutualized with local priorities and are not conditioned on acceptance of new risks. Assuring fulfillment of the existing social contract in areas of fossil-based fuel and energy production is tantamount to a just transition and to building social license in emerging areas of resource production.
Kalman filter-based integration of GNSS and InSAR observations for local nonlinear strong deformations
Authors: Tondaś Damian , Ilieva Maya , van Leijen Freek , van der Marel Hans , Rohm Witold 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe continuous monitoring of ground deformations can be provided by various methods, such as leveling, photogrammetry, laser scanning, satellite navigation systems, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), and many others. However, ensuring sufficient spatiotemporal resolution of high-accuracy measurements can be challenging using only one of the mentioned methods. The main goal of this research is to develop an integration methodology, sensitive to the capabilities and limitations of Differential Interferometry SAR (DInSAR) and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) monitoring techniques. The fusion procedure is optimized for local nonlinear strong deformations using the forward Kalman filter algorithm. Due to the impact of unexpected observations discontinuity, a backward Kalman filter was also introduced to refine estimates of the previous system’s states. The current work conducted experiments in the Upper Silesian coal mining region (southern Poland), with strong vertical deformations of up to 1 m over 2 years and relatively small and horizontally moving subsidence bowls (200 m). The overall root-mean-square (RMS) errors reached 13, 17, and 35 mm for Kalman forward and 13, 17, and 34 mm for Kalman backward in North, East, and Up directions, respectively, in combination with an external data source - GNSS campaign measurements. The Kalman filter integration outperformed standard approaches of 3-D GNSS estimation and 2-D InSAR decomposition.
Effects of testosterone enanthate on aggression, risk-taking, competition, mood, and other cognitive domains during 28 days of severe energy deprivation
Authors: Lieberman Harris R. , Caldwell John A. , Vartanian Oshin , Carmichael Owen T. , Karl J. Philip , Berryman Claire E. , Gadde Kishore M. , Niro Philip J. , Harris Melissa N. , Rood Jennifer C. , Pasiakos Stefan M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Rationale
Behavioral effects of testosterone depend on dose, acute versus sustained formulation, duration of administration, personality, genetics, and endogenous levels of testosterone. There are also considerable differences between effects of endogenous and exogenous testosterone.

Objectives
This study was the secondary behavioral arm of a registered clinical trial designed to determine if testosterone protects against loss of lean body mass and lower-body muscle function induced by a severe energy deficit typical of sustained military operations.

Methods
Behavioral effects of repeated doses of testosterone on healthy young men whose testosterone was reduced by severe energy deficit were examined. This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-group study. Effects of four weekly intramuscular injections of testosterone enanthate (200 mg/week, N = 24) or matching placebo (N = 26) were evaluated. Determination of sample size was based on changes in lean body mass. Tasks assessing aggression, risk-taking, competition, social cognition, vigilance, memory, executive function, and mood were repeatedly administered.

Results
During a period of artificially induced, low testosterone levels, consistent behavioral effects of administration of exogenous testosterone were not observed.

Conclusions
Exogeneous testosterone enanthate (200 mg/week) during severe energy restriction did not reliably alter the measures of cognition. Study limitations include the relatively small sample size compared to many studies of acute testosterone administration. The findings are specific to healthy males experiencing severe energy deficit and should not be generalized to effects of other doses, formulations, or acute administration of endogenous testosterone or studies conducted with larger samples using tests of cognitive function designed to detect specific effects of testosterone.