bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring psychopathology
Authors: Farmer Anne , McGuffin Peter , Williams Julie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Measuring Psychopathology describes the methods by which the signs and symptoms of mental disorder are elicited, examined and evaluated. Written for the non-clinical researcher as well as for those with clinical experience, the authors start by considering the question 'what is psychopathology?' They then employ a historical perspective to explain why and how mental disorders are currently classified, and how the use of an operational approach to diagnosis was adopted. The use of operational criteria to define psychiatric disorder has facilitated the development of standardised interviewing techniques, questionnaires and rating scales. These tools are all covered in some detail, not only with regard to adults with mental disorders, but also with reference to special and challenging groups such as children and the elderly, and those with a learning disability, substance misuse, or who have a personality disorder. The strengths and weaknesses of current methodologies are explored and debated as well as the future diagnostic needs for research in the 21st century. Essential reading for clinicians and non-clinical scientists engaged in research on psychiatric disorders, trainees and junior psychiatrists, and clinical psychologists.
Prostate Cancer: the facts
Authors: Mason Malcolm , Moffat Leslie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Figures from the US show that the average male stands a one in five chance of developing prostate cancer in his lifetime. Prostate cancer is an illness that kills 10,000 men a year in the UK, with 25,000 new sufferers being diagnosed each year. It is therefore not surprising that prostate cancer is one of the most feared of all illnesses affecting older men. However, the illness remains controversial in both treatment and diagnosis. For anyone worried that they are suffering from prostate cancer, or anyone who has been told that they have a high PSA count, this is a source of great anxiety. How is it diagnosed? What does a high PSA count mean? At what point is surgical treatment necessary, and what are the risks and side effects of such treatment? Prostate Cancer: The Facts is written by two of the leading experts on this illness. In a clear and accessible style, they answer the many questions that those at risk from the illness will have. Throughout the book they advocate a ‘watch and wait’ approach to treatment and discuss the problems inherent with diagnosis and treatment. This is a book that all men (and their partners) should read.
Ethical considerations in feeding or hydrating advanced cancer patients
Authors: MacDonald Neil 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Medical ethics is not a secular religion where dogma slowly responds to moral issues. Rather, it relates to the specific needs of individual patients and families, while the interpretation of principles is highly dependent upon new knowledge. In turn, albeit slowly in the case of palliative care, knowledge coupled with awareness will ultimately change the attitudes and priorities of health professionals. The changing panorama of the use of assisted hydration and nutrition by patients with advanced chronic illness illustrates this point.
Medical Problems of the Homeless
Authors: Drapkin Arnold 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1771 the Encyclopedia Britannica defined medicine “to be the art of preserving health when present, and of restoring it when lost”-a difficult feat under optimal circumstances and currently impossible in the homeless population. The medical problems of homeless people are those of all humankind, intensified and complicated by their wretched lifestyle. They suffer from “all the ills to which flesh is heir, magnified by disordered living conditions, exposure to the extremes of heat and cold, lack of protection from rain and snow, bizarre sleeping accommodations, and overcrowding in shelters.
Charting Strategic Decisions in the Microcomputer Industry: Profile of an Industry Star
Authors: Eisenhardt Kathleen M , Bourgeois III L J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How do executives make strategic decisions in industries with rapid and discontinuous change in demand and technology? How do these executives cope with the continual entry and exit of competitors? How do they choose among a variety of technical and market options? In short, how do top management teams make decisions when the pace of change creates a “high-velocity” environment? This chapter is based on an inductive study of the strategic decision-making processes of firms operating in the high-velocity microcomputer industry (Bourgeois & Eisenhardt, 1987, 1988; Eisenhardt & Bourgeois, 1988; Eisenhardt, 1989). By high velocity, we mean those environments in which rapid and discontinuous change occurs in demand, competition, technology, or regulation in such a way that information is often inaccurate, unavailable, or obsolete.
Korle Meets the Sea
Authors: Dakubu M E Kropp 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ghana has played a key role in African/Western relations since medieval times. For this reason and others, Ghana has evolved into a linguistic quilt that contains forty-four indigenous languages and several exotic ones, of which most Ghanaians speak at least two. Using Accra, Ghana’s capital, as a microcosm, Dakubu conducts a linguistic, historical, and ethnographic investigation of the origins and durability of this multilingualism and how it has affected Ghanaian society.
Engineering Change And Manufacturing Engineering Deployment In New Product Development
Authors: Coughlan Paul D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As manufacturing firms increase their rates of new product introduction, the management of engineering change has become a major and ongoing challenge. IBM, Lockheed, and Northrop, to mention but a few firms, are critically reviewing their approaches to the management of engineering change (Noaker, 1987; Rohan, 1989). Engineering change occurs in product materials, the manufacturing process, or the specifications of the product itself (Hayes and Clark, 1985). In many ways, engineering change is an inevitable consequence of a rapid rate of new product introduction and short product life cycles.
Computer-aided Monitoring: Its Influence on Employee Job Satisfaction and Turnover
Authors: Chalykoff John , Kochan Thomas A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the last few years, few human resource issues have spawned as intense a public debate as computer-aided monitoring has. To the critics, monitoring conjures up images of repressive managerial control practices associated with an earlier period of American industrialization, namely “19th century garment industry sweatshops” (9 to 5, 1986). Moreover, the capability of information technology to electronically monitor employees’ interactions with clients is viewed as an invasion of privacy and ultimately denigrating to employees (Nussbaum & duRivage, 1986; Shaiken, 1987). On the other hand, proponents view monitoring as essential to conducting business and largely beneficial to employees for their training (“Telephone Monitoring,” 1987). Monitoring employees’ interactions with the organization’s clients, it is argued, both provides feedback to employees and helps ensure the satisfaction of customers in their dealings with the organization. Although these studies provide a useful empirical and theoretical starting point for assessing the impact of information technology, none has linked characteristics of the monitoring process to standard employee-level job outcomes such as job satisfaction and turnover intention. Yet this focus is needed to uncover the actual role that
Culture
Authors: Fitzpatrick Sheila 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The assault on religion in the village that accompanied collectivization took a heavy toll. At least half of the churches that had been working at the end of the 1929 were closed by 1933, according to one estimate by a Western observer. The number of priests and other ministers of religion in the USSR recorded by the census dropped from 79,000 in 1926 to 31,000 in 1937. To be sure, these figures cover considerable regional variation, of which we have so far little information. In Stalingrad oblast, according to one source, there were only 300 Orthodox churches functioning at the beginning of 1936, compared with over 2,000 in 1929. But in the Western oblast in 1937 there were 852 working places of worship, including Catholic churches and synagogucs.1 What this meant in terms of the peasants’ religious faith or even their religious observance is, of course, another question. Reliable information on the subject is hard to come by. The 1937 census, unlike those of 1926 and 1939, included a question about religious belief. The question made people extremely nervous, and some believers decided not to declare themselves.
The Corporate Board
Authors: Demb Ada , Neubauer F -Friedrich 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Written for practitioners, this book is about corporate governance and the role of the board of directors in modern multinational companies. Throughout the world, corporations are experiencing the second major transition in corporate governance of this century. The nature of the relationship between the corporation and the rest of society is changing fundamentally. The corporate board has unique responsibilities during this transition, but as it tries to respond directors are faced with destabilizing paradoxes: resolving who is in control - management or the board, achieving critical judgement while maintaining detachment, and avoiding becoming either a cosy club or a collection of all-stars. This book, based on interviews with 71 directors serving on more than 500 boards in eight countries, shows the nature of the challenges and suggests ways to analyse and confront them. This major international study compares the experiences of board members in Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, The Netherlands, Switzerland, and Venezuela.
Automation and Work in Britain
Authors: Senker Peter J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the implications of automation for work organization and skills in Britain’s engineering industries. These industries are engaged in the manufacture of metal goods and mechanical engineering products such as machine tools; electronics, including components; consumer goods; defence products and systems; industrial capital equipment and office equipment; instrument engineering; motor vehicles; and aerospace equipment. As in all advanced industrial countries, these industries play important economic roles as producers and employers. Their performance is heavily dependent on their success in implementing automation, and on the availability of an adequate supply of appropriate skills among the labour force.
Technology, Industrial Relations, and the Problem of Organizational Transformation
Authors: Thomas Robert J , Kochan Thomas A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
New competitors and new forms of competition have eroded the dominance of U.S. firms in the manufacture and sale of products, which has led, in tum, to a new “consciousness of manufacturing.” Key elements of that consciousness include continuous improvement in quality, growth in product variety and differentiated marketing, and enhanced organizational responsiveness (especially in speed and flexibility) to changing global markets (Hayes et al., 1988). In short, American firms, like their counterparts in other advanced industrial economies, are searching for ways to gain strategic competitive advantage from the development and utilization of new technologies and organizational practices.
Overview
Authors: Rabin Robert L , Sugarman Stephen D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1989, the U.S. Surgeon General released a report summarizing the progress achieved in the campaign to eliminate cigarette smoking that had begun twenty-five years earlier with the landmark publication of the 1964 Surgeon General’s Report, Smoking and Health (U.S. DHHS 1989; U.S. DHEW 1964a). Although smoking had declined substantially during the ensuing years, the 1989 report was filled with arresting statistical evidence of the toll in mortality and disease associated with continuing tobacco use. In 1985, approximately 390,000 deaths in the United States could be attributed to cigarette smoking. Smoking was identified as the source of 87 percent of lung cancer deaths, 82 percent of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease fatalities, 40 percent of chronic heart disease deaths in individuals under 65 years of age, and a substantial number of other chronic diseases and deaths. More recent figures indicate cigarette smoking is responsible for an estimated 434,000 annual deaths in this country (U.S. DHHS 1992, p. 106).
Organizations Reacting To Hyperturbulence
Authors: Meyer Alan D , Goes James B , Brookse Geoffrey R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, Meyer, Goes, and Brooks provide two new and extraordinarily important insights. The first has to do with the nature of change in a hyperturbulent environment. Few researchers have encountered hyperturbulent environments; fewer still recognized hyperturbulence when they saw it; and no one else has made as much sense out of the nature of organizational change in hyperturbulent environment as have these authors. Hyperturbulent situations are unusual. These researchers were lucky. But ‘‘luck’‘ is preparation meeting opportunity. It is hard to imagine how any researchers could have exploited their opportunity more fully than did Meyer and associates.
Control Of Blood Flow To Dynamically Active Muscles
Authors: Rowell Loring B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the local chemical and neural control of all active muscles including the heart and respiratory muscles. Table 6-2 summarizes how blood flow is distributed to the different major vascular beds during “maximal” exercise. Figure 7-1 illustrates the progression of changes in the distribution of cardiac output away from “inactive” regions and to active muscle with increasing oxygen uptake. Skeletal muscle stands out because the small fraction of cardiac output directed to all of the muscles at rest, that is, about 20 percent, increases so that at Vo2max approximately 85 percent of the cardiac output is distributed to skeletal muscles, only one-half of which, more or less, are active; flow to other muscles is reduced by sympathetic vasoconstriction. The fraction of the total muscle mass that is actually active is unknown.
Mouse Genetics Concepts and Applications
Authors: Silver Lee M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mouse Genetics offers for the first time in a single comprehensive volume a practical guide to mouse breeding and genetics. Nearly all human genes are present in the mouse genome, making it an ideal organism for genetic analyses of both normal and abnormal aspects of human biology. Written as a convenient reference, this book provides a complete description of the laboratory mouse, the tools used in analysis, and procedures for carrying out genetic studies, along with background material and statistical information for use in ongoing data analysis. It thus serves two purposes, first to provide students with an introduction to the mouse as a model system for genetic analysis, and to give practicing scientists a detailed guide for performing breeding studies and interpreting experimental results. All topics are developed completely, with full explanations of critical concepts in genetics and molecular biology. As investigators around the world are rediscovering both the heuristic and practical value of the mouse genome, the demand for a succinct introduction to the subject has never been greater. Mouse Genetics is intended to meet the needs of this wide audience.
Classical Linkage Analysis and Mapping Panels
Authors: Silver Lee M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When a new mouse locus has been defined at the DNA level, it can be mapped by three different approaches: somatic cell hybrid analysis, in situ hybridization, or formal linkage analysis. The first of these approaches is not applicable generally to the mouse because single chromosome hybrids have not been gathered together in a systematic way for the whole mouse genome. However, even in those cases where such hybrids exist, this type of analysis provides only a chromosomal assignment. The second approach—in situ hybridization—is more highly resolving than somatic cell hybrid analysis, but this protocol requires special expertise and the resolution is still less than that obtained routinely with linkage analysis. Both of these non-sexual mapping protocols have two advantages over all forms of linkage analysis. First, they do not require any prior knowledge of map positions for other loci. Second, they allow the mapping of non-polymorphic loci. Thus, in the early days of mouse molecular genetics, before many DNA markers had been placed onto the map, and before new methods for uncovering polymorphisms had been developed, both of these protocols served useful functions in the arsenal of general mapping tools.
Outstanding Issues
Authors: Teubal Morris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The peculiarities of the Israeli innovation system stem to a large degree from the environment surrounding and the forces shaping Jewish immigration to Palestine during the first decade of the century. Specifically, the tradition of Jewish scholarship, the determination to create a modern state, and the Zionist ideology were driving forces that created functioning, institutionalized bases for modern scientific research, technological development, and the training of new generations of scientists. Both the Hebrew University and the Technion of Haifa were established almost a quarter of a century before the creation of the State in 1948. (The Weizmann Institute began operations in 1934.) So did the appearance of significant applied research in agriculture and in medicine, as well as the beginnings of industrial research.
Externalities and Ecological Theory: Unbundling Density Dependence
Authors: Delacroix Jacques , Rao Hayagreeva 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ecological-evolutionary perspective asks how the organizational panorama changes over time and why there are so many different kinds of organizations. The general answer it provides is that organizations disband and are rapidly replaced by new ones somewhat different from them, and that environmental discontinuities create new niches wherein new kinds of organizations may arise (Brittain, chapter 17, this volume). This formulation distinguishes carefully between the emergence of a new organizational form, on the one hand, and the founding of instances of an existing organizational form, on the other. Its guiding paradigm is environmental selection, in contrast with the voluntaristic, individual organizational adaptation view prevailing elsewhere in the study of organizations (Hannan and Freeman, 1977; Aldrich, 1979; McKelvey, 1982).
Westward the Star of Empire
Authors: Howe Daniel Walker 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The fourth of March 1845: Rain fell on the inaugural parade along Pennsylvania Avenue, and when the new president arrived at the Capitol to deliver his address and take the oath of office from Chief Justice Taney, he looked out upon a sea of umbrellas. Despite the unfavorable elements, James Knox Polk made himself heard, as he would for the next four years. The speech was characteristic of the man. It rehearsed Democratic Party orthodoxies, perhaps traceable to Polk’s family background in the rustic simplicity and Old School Calvinism of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. Abolitionism and a national bank he roundly condemned in the speech.
Industrial Analysis by Industry Types
Authors: Kumon Hiroshi , Kamiyama Kunio , Itagaki Hiroshi , Kawamura Tetsuji 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we will examine characteristics of the hybridism of application adaptation in each of the four industries: auto assembly, auto parts, consumer electronics, and semiconductors. In Chapter 4 and 5 we have been describing the general characteristics of Japanese factories engaged in local production in the United States, but clearly, as we have suggested more than once, there are rather major differences in the concrete heterogeneous conditions of the four industries. We are able to study the actual conditions of transplants in America from various angles by examining specific features of application-adaptation within each industry. AUTOMOTIVE ASSEMBLY Outline of Surveyed Factories: High Application, System Application Out of eleven Japanese automotive plants operating in North America, we were able to visit all but the one in Canada. In the previous investigation, we were limited to the three plants that were then in operation. Because we were able to visit ten plants this time, we feel we have conducted a thorough investigation of the auto assembly industry of North America. We were also able to visit the Big Three’s plants, the UAW (United Auto Workers) International and one of its locals, as well as a Korean auto assembly transplant. Although the current study uses only the information on the Japanese transplants we visited in the United States and Canada for its assessment and analysis, the visits to the other factories and the UAW facilities allowed us to obtain information for a comparison, and to more fully understand the subject.
the Case of Middle French
Authors: Lemieux Monique , Dupuis Fernande 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this article, we discuss the derivation of the verb-second phenomena in Old French and Middle French (hereafter OF and MidF) in a model of grammar where the subject is generated internal to the VP and where the Spec of IP (or AgrP) is either an A or an A-bar position. We will provide arguments for a V-to-I derivation of this phenomena for both main and embedded clauses arguing that CP will be projected only when necessary (cf. Diesing (1990)). In the spirit of Chomsky (1989), a V-to-I derivation of the verb-second constraint corresponds to the minimal derivation, and thus enables us to minimize the function of transformations.
The Trickster’s Scattered Self
Authors: Basso Ellen B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hailed as “the spirit of disorder, the enemy of boundaries” (Kerenyi 1972), tricksters have long fascinated anthropologists for their pervasive ambiguity and independence from all social order. In keeping with this spirit, the elusive character of tricksters has resisted explanation during the entire course of theorizing that has emerged since the time of Boas. Then, as Mw, scholars and literary writers were impressed above all by what Boas called the “trouble some psychological discrepancy” between the apparently incongruous attributes of the “culture hero,” who makes the world safe and secure for human life, and the “selfish buffoon,” who in a compulsive and ludicrous manner acts in violation of the most fundamental social values (Boas 1982 [1898]).
Residual Verb Second and the Wh-Criterion
Authors: Rizzi Luigi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Focusing initially on the first question and on the English case, we assume that the required adjacency between wh- and I is to be expressed in terms of Chomsky’s (1986) approach to the structure of clauses: in main questions, I-to-C movement must apply, and create a Spec-head configuration involving the wh-element and the inflected verb. Subject-auxiliary inversion can thus be reduced to a special case of Verb Second (as in den Besten 1983), in turn a particular instance of head-to-head movement. I will call “residual V2” such construction-specific manifestations of I-to-C movement in a language (like English and the modern Romance languages except Raetho-Romansch) which does not generalize the V2 order to main declarative clauses.