bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of microbial composition and sharing in low-biomass human milk samples: a comparison of DNA isolation and sequencing techniques
Authors: Spreckels Johanne E. , Fernández-Pato Asier , Kruk Marloes , Kurilshikov Alexander , Garmaeva Sanzhima , Sinha Trishla , Ghosh Hiren , Harmsen Hermie , Fu Jingyuan , Gacesa Ranko , Zhernakova Alexandra 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Human milk microbiome studies are currently hindered by low milk bacterial/human cell ratios and often rely on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which limits downstream analyses. Here, we aimed to find a method to study milk bacteria and assess bacterial sharing between maternal and infant microbiota. We tested four DNA isolation methods, two bacterial enrichment methods and three sequencing methods on mock communities, milk samples and negative controls. Of the four DNA isolation kits, the DNeasy PowerSoil Pro (PS) and MagMAX Total Nucleic Acid Isolation (MX) kits provided consistent 16S rRNA gene sequencing results with low contamination. Neither enrichment method substantially decreased the human metagenomic sequencing read-depth. Long-read 16S-ITS-23S rRNA gene sequencing biased the mock community composition but provided consistent results for milk samples, with little contamination. In contrast to 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 16S-ITS-23S rRNA gene sequencing of milk, infant oral, infant faecal and maternal faecal DNA from 14 mother-infant pairs provided sufficient resolution to detect significantly more frequent sharing of bacteria between related pairs compared to unrelated pairs. In conclusion, PS or MX kit-DNA isolation followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing reliably characterises human milk microbiota, and 16S-ITS-23S rRNA gene sequencing enables studies of bacterial transmission in low-biomass samples.
Prediction model for postoperative pneumonia in abdominal surgery: results of an observational multicenter study
Authors: Veyler R. V. , Trembach N. V. , Musaeva T. S. , Magomedov M. A. , Popov A. S. , Fisher V. V. , Khoronenko V. E. , Gritsan A. I. , Dunts P. V. , Bayalieva A. Zh. , Ovezov A. M. , Lebedinskii K. M. , Martynov D. V. , Spasova A. P. , Stadler V. V. , Levit D. A. , Shapovalov K. G. , Kokhno V. N. , Golubtsov V. V. , Zabolotskikh Igor B. 
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: Taking into account the prevalence of postoperative pneumonia and the increase in the number of surgical procedures, forecasting its development is an urgent task that allows taking measures to reduce the frequency of its occurrence by optimizing the perioperative period. Despite their value, the existing scales for predicting postoperative pneumonia do not provide domestic specialists with a reliable and consistent method by which to stratify the risk of developing postoperative pneumonia in our population. OBJECTIVE: To develop a model for predicting postoperative pneumonia based on the identification of risk factors for its development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter prospective study of 6844 patients over 18 years of age undergoing elective abdominal surgery. 30-day mortality and postoperative pneumonia were assessed. In the first phase of the study, a comparison was made between the pneumonia and non-pneumonia group of baseline patient data, as well as factors associated with surgery and anesthesia. At the second stage of the study, a logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the contribution of factors to the development of postoperative pneumonia. At the third stage of the study, a model for predicting postoperative pneumonia was built according to the data of multivariate logistic regression analysis. At the final stage, the obtained model was compared with the forecasting models of other authors found in the world literature. RESULTS: Pneumonia was detected in 53 patients (0.77 %). A lethal outcome was observed in 39 patients: in patients with pneumonia in 15 cases (28.3 %), and without pneumonia in 24 cases (0.4 %). Retrospectively, taking into account the obtained model, 933 patients were assigned to the high-risk group for developing pneumonia, the incidence of pneumonia was 4.5 %. In the low-risk group for developing pneumonia — 5911 patients, the incidence of pneumonia was 0.19 %. CONCLUSIONS: Eight independent variables associated with postoperative pneumonia were identified: duration of surgery, smoking, complete functional dependence, perioperative anemia requiring iron supplementation, intraoperative use of vasopressors, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification 3 functional class, use of bronchodilators for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and high operative risk. The postoperative pneumonia prediction model has excellent predictive value (AUROC = 0.904).
The condition of newborns after the conversion of epidural analgesia to anesthesia during cesarean section: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Alexandrovich Yu. S. , Ryazanova Oksana V. , Karabaev D. I. , Nezabudkin S. N. , Ioscovich A. M. 
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: When performing epidural analgesia in childbirth, if surgical delivery is necessary, the question arises about the choice of further tactics of regional anesthesia. The article discusses the peculiarities of the effect of local anesthetics on the condition of a newborn during the conversion of epidural analgesia into anesthesia when caesarean section is necessary, depending on the local anesthetic used. OBJECTIVE: To assess the condition of a newborn baby during the conversion of epidural analgesia in childbirth through the natural birth canal into anesthesia during cesarean section, depending on the local anesthetic used. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective randomized study of 143 children born to mothers who underwent the conversion of epidural analgesia into anesthesia for operative delivery by caesarean section was conducted. Depending on the local anesthetic used, the patients were divided into three groups, in the first group 20.0 ml of 2 % lidocaine in combination with 0.1 mg of epinephrine was injected into the epidural space, in the second group — 20.0 ml of 0.5 % bupivacaine, in the third — 20.0 ml of 0.75 % ropivacaine. The assessment of the condition of newborns was carried out on the Apgar scale at the 1st and 5th minutes of life and on the NACS scale in the first 15 minutes, 2, 24 and 72 hours after birth. RESULTS: The assessment of newborns on the Apgar scale, regardless of the local anesthetic used during epidural anesthesia at the first and fifth minutes, corresponded to 7 or more points (p > 0.05). The neuropsychiatric state of newborns when assessed on the NACS scale did not differ statistically significantly in all groups and at all stages of the study. Within each group, between the study stages, the average values of the NACS scores increased statistically significantly compared to the previous one. CONCLUSIONS: The conversion of epidural analgesia in childbirth through the natural birth canal into anesthesia during cesarean section is safe for the fetus and newborn when using 20.0 ml of 2 % lidocaine in combination with 0.1 mg of epinephrine or 20.0 ml of 0.5 % bupivacaine, or 0.75 % ropivacaine in a volume of 20.0 ml.
Study of 'Don't Hug Me I'm Scared' Web Series Storytelling For IP Design Regarding Safe Viewing Content For Children
Authors: Ilona Matakupan Nikita 
Published: October 2023

In 2022 the internet was getting more advanced, and every age can use it. For a long time, the mass media has become a tool used in children's socialization. The easiest way to teach children is via the internet, specifically through child-friendly shows. The shows are usually educational, such as learning about colors, letters, numbers, social teachings, etc. They can imitate or learn the teachings they watch in everyday life. This children's content has positive and negative impacts, but one of the problems is the delivery of indecent content such as violence, pornography, or wrong teachings inserted into the spectacle.
Apart from problems with YouTube's algorithm, irresponsible adults make children who watch it participate in acts of violence or are traumatized by watching it. This does not mean that all children's viewing of content is terrible, but that there needs to be discretion and initiative on the part of parents. This case could create a big scandal in the internet world. This research aims to dissect and analyze a well-known web series on YouTube, 'Don't Hug Me I'm Scared' by Joseph Pelling, Baker Terry, and Rebecca Sloan, in terms of storytelling and create an Intellectual Property (IP) to create safe content for children. One of the theories circulating about this animation is the problem of children's content being deviated due to the actions of adults and their criticism, making this series suitable as the main foundation for research.
Tackling of hydraulic cavitation in pressurized pipe flow using high- or low-density polyethylene penstock and short-section
Authors: Kraiem Dalila , Triki Ali 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recent studies have proved that the utilization of polyethylene (PE) short-section or penstock is a promising water hammer control tool. However, the interplay between the magnitude attenuation and the phase offset of pressure-wave oscillations remains challenging. This study aimed at inspecting the capacity of a dual PE penstock/short-section-based control technique, with regard to the aforementioned interplay. In this technique, a PE penstock was lumped to the transient initiating zone of the main pipe and a short-section of the counter extremity of the pipe was replaced with PE. The transient pressure-wave behavior in a gravitational viscoelastic pipe involving cavitation was described by the extended 1D water hammer equations embedding the Vitkovsky and Kelvin–Voigt add-ons. The numerical solution was performed by the fixed grid method of characteristics. The high- (HDPE) and low-density (LDPE) were demonstrated in this study. Analysis revealed that upgrading techniques based on LDPE enabled a desirable tradeoff between the magnitude attenuation and the phase offset of pressure-wave oscillations. Particularly, the dual penstock/short-section specific upgrading technique allowed a more important attenuation magnitude of pressure peak (or crest), and led to a similar expansion of the wave oscillation period. Furthermore, results evidenced that the proposed technique outperformed the renewal of the original piping system.
Common Temporization of Access Cavity and Pulp Spacers Practiced by Endodontists in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alnassar Faisal 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Temporary restorations are necessary for preventing coronal leakage during and after treatment completion and must provide an effective barrier against salivary contamination of the root canal system. Endodontic spacers also help remove temporary restoration by avoiding the chances of unwanted intact tooth structure loss and perforation on the floor of the pulp chamber and prevent temporary restorative materials entrapment into the root canals resulting in canal blockage. However, the cotton pellet placed between the temporary and the root canal orifice can compromise the coronal seal by the reduction in thickness of temporary restoration.

Objective:
The primary aim of this investigation was to determine the most common temporary restoration used during and after endodontic treatment. The secondary aim is to know the percent preference for restorations with double seal and the frequency of spacer used.

Methods:
Four hundred fifty online questionnaires comprising 15 (four demographic questions and eleven questions related to the study objective) were sent to endodontists in Saudi Arabia via WhatsApp and Twitter. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05 when assessed using a chi-square test.

Results:
About 370 (82.22%) participants completed the survey. Glass ionomer cement (GIC) was most used as a temporary restoration among endodontists for both the anterior (53%) and posterior teeth (49.7%; P=0.001). In double seal, Cavit was most used as the temporary restoration, which was placed below the seal exposed orally 56.2% (P=0.001). GIC was most used as coronal seal material placed over Cavit in 71.9% of the participants (P=0.001). About 56.2% of the endodontists placed cotton pellets between visits but not after obturation (P=0.001). Polytetrafluoroethylene tape instead of cotton pellet was preferred by 30.3% of the participants (P=0.001).

Conclusion:
Glass ionomer cement (GIC) was most used as a temporary restoration. In double seal, GIC was most used as coronal seal material placed over Cavit. A pulp spacer was found to be the most commonly used between visits but not after obturation.
Systematic Management of Severe Anterior Tooth Surface Loss using Provisional Onlay and Permanent Overlay Removable Prostheses: A Case Report
Authors: AL-Rawas Matheel , AL-Jobory Ahmed I , Johari Yanti , Ariffin Azirrawani , Husein Adam 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Management of severe tooth surface loss presents a growing difficulty that is encountered increasingly in everyday practice. Loss of posterior support has been identified as the causative factor in severe anterior tooth surface loss, leading to a reduction in the occlusal vertical dimension and complex tooth wear, which can affect the quality of life.

Objective:
The purpose of this report is to show the systematic approach utilized in the management of severe anterior tooth surface loss in a partially edentulous old patient.

Case Report:
This report describes the management of a 59-year-old gentleman with a complaint of short anterior teeth as well as inefficient function. Clinical examination revealed short anterior teeth and multiple missing teeth posteriorly, which resulted in the loss of posterior tooth support. The management of this case involved reorganizing the occlusion to create the restorative space, which was achieved by a combination of fixed and removable restorations. The short- and medium-term management consisted of an occlusal splint, endodontic treatment, composite build-ups, provisional onlay acrylic dentures, and metal copings. Single crowns and removable cobalt chrome partial dentures were the definitive treatment for the maxillary arch, while a modified overlay cobalt chrome partial denture with cast facings and custom-made porcelain teeth was fabricated for the mandibular arch.

Results:
The patient was able to function well with the provisional onlay denture, and at the same time, the increased vertical dimension and the patient’s tolerance and compliance to partial denture treatment were evaluated. The permeant overlay partial denture restored the patient’s aesthetics and function, with minor adjustments needed. At the 2-year review appointment, the patient denied experiencing any muscular or temporomandibular joint soreness or dental complaints except for minor sensitivity. The patient was compliant and satisfied with the overall performance of the dentures.

Conclusion:
A systematic approach to the management of a patient with a complex presentation can lead to a predictable and favourable prognosis. Onlay and overlay removable partial dentures are regarded as treatment alternatives that are non-invasive, reversible, and conservative.
A Bioinformatic Algorithm based on Pulmonary Endoarterial Biopsy for Targeted Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Therapy
Authors: Rothman Abraham , Mann David , Nunez Jose A. , Tarmidi Reinhardt , Restrepo Humberto , Sarukhanov Valeri , Williams Roy , Evans William N. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Optimal pharmacological therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains unclear, as pathophysiological heterogeneity may affect therapeutic outcomes. A ranking methodology based on pulmonary vascular genetic expression analysis could assist in medication selection and potentially lead to improved prognosis.

Objective:
To describe a bioinformatics approach for ranking currently approved pulmonary arterial antihypertensive agents based on gene expression data derived from percutaneous endoarterial biopsies in an animal model of pulmonary hypertension.

Methods:
We created a chronic PAH model in Micro Yucatan female swine by surgical anastomosis of the left pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. A baseline catheterization, angiography and pulmonary endoarterial biopsy were performed. We obtained pulmonary vascular biopsy samples by passing a biopsy catheter through a long 8 French sheath, introduced via the carotid artery, into 2- to 3-mm peripheral pulmonary arteries. Serial procedures were performed on days 7, 21, 60, and 180 after surgical anastomosis. RNA microarray studies were performed on the biopsy samples.

Results:
Utilizing the medical literature, we developed a list of PAH therapeutic agents, along with a tabulation of genes affected by these agents. The effect on gene expression from pharmacogenomic interactions was used to rank PAH medications at each time point. The ranking process allowed the identification of a theoretical optimum three-medication regimen.

Conclusion:
We describe a new potential paradigm in the therapy for PAH, which would include endoarterial biopsy, molecular analysis and tailored pharmacological therapy for patients with PAH.
MGrx - A Novel Multi-modal Thermal Device for Treating Moderate to Severe Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Dry Eye
Authors: McMurren Brittany J. , Kling Michael A. , Fasciani Andrew , Nymark-McMahon M. Henrietta 
Published: October 2023

Background:

MGD (meibomian gland dysfunction) is a chronic cause of dry eyes. Thermal expression of the meibomian glands, along with massage and debridement, is an effective treatment for MGD.

Objective:
We describe a multi-modal thermal device (MGrx) to manage meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). We observed the efficacy and safety of the MGrx to manage MGD in one 15-minute in-office session.

Methods:
We enrolled 37 patients in a prospective, open-label trial of the novel MGrx. Patients were enrolled with a Standard Patient Evaluation for Eye Dryness (SPEED) score > 12 or a Tear Breakup Time (TBUT) of < 6 seconds in at least one eye. After screening for eligibility, one 15-minute MGrx treatment was provided to each patient. The patient assessment consisted of a SPEED score, TBUT, and a Meibomian gland score (MGS) obtained pre-treatment and at a follow-up visit 30 days after the treatment.

Results:
Dry eye symptoms improved in the patient population, as measured by SPEED score, MGS, and TBUT, by 40%, 341%, and 145%, respectively (p<0.05). No adverse reactions were noted among the patients.

Conclusion:
A single 15-minute MGrx treatment was effective at significantly improving dry eye symptoms secondary to MGD in adult patients, as measured by SPEED score. Additionally, a single MGrx treatment improved meibomian gland function and all measures of MGD in the adult patients treated. Given the relatively low risk and efficient delivery of the MGrx treatment, a single MGrx treatment should be considered as a first-line treatment for MGD.
Evaluating the Preliminary Effectiveness of the Person-Centered Care Assessment Tool (PCC-AT) in Zambian Health Facilities: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Posner Jessica , Ndhlovu Adamson Paxon , Musangulule Jemmy Mushinka , Duffy Malia , Casella Amy , Madevu-Matson Caitlin , Davis Nicole , Sharer Melissa 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Person-centered care (PCC) within HIV treatment services has demonstrated potential to overcome inequities in HIV service access while improving treatment outcomes. Despite PCC being widely considered a best practice, no consensus exists on its assessment and measurement. This study in Zambia builds upon previous research that informed development of a framework for PCC and a PCC assessment tool (PCC-AT).

OBJECTIVE

This mixed methods study aims to examine the preliminary effectiveness of the PCC-AT through assessing the association between client HIV service delivery indicators and facility PCC-AT scores. We hypothesize that facilities with higher PCC-AT scores will demonstrate more favorable HIV treatment continuity, viral load (VL) coverage, and viral suppression in comparison to those of facilities with lower PCC-AT scores.

METHODS

We will implement the PCC-AT at 30 randomly selected health facilities in the Copperbelt and Central provinces of Zambia. For each study facility, data will be gathered from 3 sources: (1) PCC-AT scores, (2) PCC-AT action plans, and (3) facility characteristics, along with service delivery data. Quantitative analysis, using STATA, will include descriptive statistics on the PCC-AT results stratified by facility characteristics. Cross-tabulations and/or regression analysis will be used to determine associations between scores and treatment continuity, VL coverage, and/or viral suppression. Qualitative data will be collected via action planning, with detailed notes collected and recorded into an action plan template. Descriptive coding and emerging themes will be analyzed with NVivo software.

RESULTS

As of May 2024, we enrolled 29 facilities in the study and data analysis from the key informant interviews is currently underway. Results are expected to be published by September 2024.

CONCLUSIONS

Assessment and measurement of PCC within HIV treatment settings is a novel approach that offers HIV treatment practitioners the opportunity to examine their services and identify actions to improve PCC performance. Study results and the PCC-AT will be broadly disseminated for use among all project sites in Zambia as well as other HIV treatment programs, in addition to making the PCC-AT publicly available to global HIV practitioners.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/54129
Emerging strategies for treating autoimmune disorders in patients with type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kravchun P.P. , Dunaieva I.P. , Chernyavska I.V. , Oleynikova S.P. , Kryvoshapka O.V. 
Published: October 2023

In the world as a whole and in Ukraine in partmicular, the incidence of autoimmune pathologies continues to grow steadily. There is an increase in the number of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and multiple sclerosis (MS) cases in the population. Both diseases have an autoimmune nature and several common features in terms of onset, diagnosis, lack of effective treatment and deve­lopment of complications that are potentially life-threatening. In addition, both diseases have genetic risk factors associated with human leukocyte antigen. There are also other genetic risk factors, such as T-cell alleles of interleukin-2 and protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 in MS and T1DM, respectively. The environment also plays a significant role in the development of both diseases, with smoking and exposure to viruses increasing the risk of MS and T1DM. To date, the proposed methods of therapy for both diseases are not completely effective, and some of them even have serious side effects. The authors consider the possibility of using clemastine fumarate as a histamine H1 antagonist in the management of T1DM and MS. This histamine H1 antagonist penetrates the blood-brain barrier more easily and thus leads to a sedative effect. The efficacy of clemastine fumarate to enhance remyelination in MS was recently demonstrated in a double-blind crossover clinical trial. In addition, this compound was effective in the treatment of T1DM and its complications in a number of experimental studies. The currently available data allow us to recommend clemastine fumarate as the drug of choice in the comprehensive management of patients with MS. Attention is focused on the need for clinical studies to prove the effectiveness of clemastine fumarate in the treatment of patients with T1DM.