bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mosquito‐derived ingested DNA as a tool for monitoring terrestrial vertebrates within a peri‐urban environment
Authors: Chivas Christine , Stow Adam , Harford Andrew , Mooney Thomas J. , Loewensteiner David , Montgomery Kate , Chariton Anthony 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGlobal biodiversity is declining at an alarming rate. Consequently, there is a pivotal need to determine the occurrences and distributions of threatened species. Monitoring and detection approaches are traditionally reliant on capture (traps and cameras), as well as observations. However, these approaches are time‐consuming and skewed toward the detection of large and/or common species. Invertebrate ingested DNA (iDNA) is being increasingly used as a novel approach for indirectly monitoring terrestrial vertebrates via their DNA in invertebrates with hematophagous, coprophagous, or saprophagous feeding strategies. This study aimed to examine the vertebrate diversity which could be retrieved using mosquito‐derived iDNA in a peri‐urban setting. Furthermore, the study also examined the influence of a human blocking primer and the application of multiple primers on the detection of the targeted taxa. Sampling was performed in Sydney, Australia, in a peri‐urban environment adjacent to both urbanized and protected environments. As a means of ensuring that sampling could be performed by nonscientists, domestically available light traps were used. In total, 118 mosquitoes were captured. DNA was extracted from individual mosquitoes and amplified using four different primers, targeting vertebrates, mammals, and birds, with and without a human blocking primer (except for the bird polymerase chain reactions). The overall diversity retrieved reveals a broad diversity of species with 10 avian taxa and six mammalian taxa, including both native and non‐native species of varying body sizes and behavioral characteristics. Both the multi‐locus approach and the use of a human blocking primer revealed additional diversity. The use of iDNA offers the potential as an important tool for local land managers and citizen science projects for the monitoring of vertebrates.
Seasonal role of a specialist predator in rodent cycles: Ermine–lemming interactions in the High Arctic
Authors: Bolduc David , Fauteux Dominique , Gauthier Gilles , Legagneux Pierre 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe exact mechanisms behind population cycles remain elusive. An ongoing debate centers on whether predation by small mustelids is necessary and sufficient to generate rodent cycles, as stipulated by the specialist predator hypothesis (SPH). Specifically, the SPH predicts that the predator should respond numerically to the abundance of its prey with a delay of approximately one year, leading to delayed density‐dependence in the dynamics of the prey population. Here, we analyze the numerical response of a small mustelid, the seasonality of its interaction with rodents, and its impact on population cycles using long‐term seasonal data on ermines and cyclic lemmings in the High Arctic. Our results show that the numerical response of ermines to lemming fluctuations was delayed by one year and could mediate delayed density‐dependence in lemming growth rate. The impact of ermines on the growth rate of lemmings was small but mostly circumscribed to winter, a critical period when shifts in cycle phases occur and direct density‐dependence seems relaxed. Our simulations of lemming population with and without ermines suggest that these small mustelids are neither necessary, nor sufficient to generate cycles per se. However, the presence of small mustelids may be necessary to prolong the low‐abundance phase and delay the recovery of lemming populations, promoting the presence of a multiannual low phase typical of lemming cycles. Our study corroborates the idea that population declines of cyclic populations are best explained by direct density‐dependence; however, the delayed response of specialized predators induces the multiannual low phase and leads to longer periodicities, which are typically of 3–5 years in rodents.
Thermal Expansion Behavior of Halide Perovskite Single Crystals Across a Broad Temperature Range
Authors: Nakamura Yuiga , Shibayama Naoyuki , Hayashida Hideki , Sugimoto Kunihisa , Miyasaka Tsutomu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHalide perovskite crystals are garnering significant interest as a promising material for next‐generation solar cells. They are also anticipated to be applicable in devices used across a wide temperature range, including X‐ray and γ‐ray detectors, as well as in solar cells designed for satellite environments. The coefficient of thermal expansion of halide perovskite crystals is a critical physical property to understand, especially given the potential for mechanical degradation in layered devices due to abrupt temperature fluctuations, which may result in mismatched expansion coefficients among different layers. In this study, we employed single crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques to investigate the coefficient of thermal expansion of halide perovskite crystals, with a specific focus on CH3NH3PbI3, across an extensive temperature range. Our findings reveal that the lattice parameters exhibit discontinuous changes during the phase transition from the β‐phase to the γ‐phase, in stark contrast to the α to β phase transition. This observation implies that structural phase transitions at low temperatures could significantly affect the longevity and reliability of devices incorporating these materials. The methodology we have utilized for assessing coefficient of thermal expansion via single crystal structural analysis at low temperatures presents a substantial advancement in the research of halide perovskite crystals.
Anhydrous Actinide Starting Materials: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of [UCl4(Et2O)2], an Alternative Route to [UO2Cl2(THF)2]2, and Comments on the Synthesis of [ThCl4(dme)2]
Authors: Gray Novan A. G. , Britten James F. , Emslie David J. H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA new diethyl ether adduct of uranium tetrachloride, [UCl4(Et2O)2] (1), along with the previously reported mono‐etherate complex [UCl4(Et2O)]n (2), have been synthesized and characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and in the case of 1, single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Additionally, reaction of anhydrous [UO2(OAc)2]n with HCl in Et2O/THF was found to afford the uranyl dichloride complex [UO2Cl2(THF)2]2 (3) in high purity and yield, providing an alternative and convenient entry point into anhydrous uranyl chemistry. Furthermore, comments are provided regarding the literature synthesis of [ThCl4(dme)2] via the reaction of [ThCl4(H2O)4] with Me3SiCl in dme, highlighting important considerations for the compound's preparation in good yield.
Dialogicality and Conspiracy Theory: The Coexistence of Conspiracist and Non‐Conspiracist Beliefs
Authors: Hall Matthew S. , Franks Bradley , Bauer Martin W. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates how people who believe in conspiracy theory (CT) hold those beliefs. It considers whether believing a conspiracist explanation of an issue or event permits or precludes also believing a non‐conspiracist explanation—that is, the degree to which endorsing CTs can be dialogical. Dialogicality involves the coexistence of conspiracist and non‐conspiracist beliefs in advancing claims and contrasts with the view that all conspiracist belief endorsement is monological or ‘closed’ from other explanations. Thematic analysis of 39 semi‐structured interviews revealed five modalities of belief coexistence: cognitive dissonance between beliefs, analogical beliefs, target‐dependent beliefs, synthetic beliefs, and integrative beliefs. This spanned beliefs about the self, ingroup, outgroup, reality, action and the future, on topics concerning science, religion, and politics and society. These findings challenge the view that all CTs are monological belief systems: CT believers recruit both conspiracist and non‐conspiracist explanations in building their worldview. Several hypotheses for further research emerge from this challenge to the basic assumption of much research on CTs.
Review and meta‐analysis of gene expression biomarkers predictive of chemical‐induced genotoxicity in vivo
Authors: Corton J. Christopher , Auerbach Scott S. , Koyama Naoki , Mezencev Roman , Yauk Carole L. , Suzuki Takayoshi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThere is growing recognition across broad sectors of the toxicology community that gene expression biomarkers have the potential to identify genotoxic and nongenotoxic carcinogens through a weight‐of‐evidence approach, providing opportunities to reduce reliance on the 2‐year bioassay to identify carcinogens. In August 2022, a workshop within the International Workshops on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT) was held to critically review current methods to identify genotoxicants using various ‘omics profiling methods. Here, we describe the findings of a workshop subgroup focused on the state of the science regarding the use of biomarkers to identify chemicals that act as genotoxicants in vivo. A total of 1341 papers were screened to identify those that were most relevant. While six published biomarkers with characterized accuracy were initially examined, four of the six were not considered further, because they had not been tested for classification accuracy using additional sets of chemicals or other transcript profiling platforms. Two independently derived biomarkers used in conjunction with standard computational techniques can identify genotoxic chemicals in vivo (rat liver or both rat and mouse liver) on different gene expression profiling platforms. The biomarkers have predictive accuracies of ≥92%. These biomarkers have the potential to be used in conjunction with other biomarkers in integrated test strategies using short‐term rodent exposures to identify genotoxic and nongenotoxic chemicals that cause cancer.
Tectonic implications of raised Quaternary relative sea‐level indicators along the NE border of the Campania Plain (southern Italy)
Authors: Cerrone Ciro , Meschis Marco , Ascione Alessandra , Soligo Michele , Tuccimei Paola , Robertson Jennifer , Roberts Gerald P. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTectonically raised paleoshorelines have been recently identified along the southern fault scarps of the Mt. Fellino and Roccarainola horst blocks, which are part of the northeastern border of the Campania Plain coastal basin (southern Apennines, Italy). Such horst blocks are bounded to the south by the Polvica Fault, a roughly E‐W trending normal fault. The sequence of uplifted paleoshorelines has been studied in detail by integrating geomorphological, structural and stratigraphical analyses to assess the Quaternary uplift of the Mt. Fellino and Roccarainola horst blocks. Yet, the staircase of paleoshorelines is still not chronologically well constrained.Aimed at constraining the uplift history of Mt. Fellino and Roccarainola horst blocks and the rate of activity of the Polvica fault, in this study, we integrate former knowledge on paleoshorelines with a geomorphological analysis to map erosional terraces, that we interpret as remnants of shore platforms. We apply the synchronous correlation method, driven by new and a former 230Th/234U dating of calcite veins cutting marine sands, to infer the age of the paleoshorelines and terraces. Based on the synchronous correlation, the mapped paleoshorelines and terraces are correlated with sea‐level peaks of the late Early to Late Pleistocene. In particular, the paleoshorelines along the Mt. Fellino ridge are correlated with the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 7e and 9c or 11, while the oldest terrace is correlated with the sea‐level peak of 980 ka. Using inferred paleoshorelines ages, we estimate the uplift rate of the Polvica Fault footwall. The uplift rate varies from c. 0.2 mm/yr close to the western fault tip up to c. 0.5–0.6 mm/yr in the East, in the Roccarainola block. We combine surface evidence with subsurface data from a shallow well to constrain the vertical throw of the Polvica Fault. A mean fault throw rate of c. 0.4 mm/yr in the last c. 1 Ma is estimated for the central part of the PF. Assuming that the Polvica Fault is still active, we estimate the maximum expected earthquake by means of empirical relationship and obtain a Mw ~ 6.2 value and recurrence interval value of c. 1,200 yr. Historical seismicity activity of the PF has not been acknowledged to date. However, our results raise the crucial question of an in‐depth assessment of the seismic hazard for the densely populated Campania Plain.
Hysteretic response of suspended‐sediment in wildfire affected watersheds of the Pacific Northwest and Southern Rocky Mountains
Authors: Clark Gregory D. , Murphy Sheila F. , Skalak Katherine , Clow David W. , Akie Garrett , Carpenter Kurt D. , Payne Sean E. , Ebel Brian A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWildfires can have a profound impact on hydrosedimentary interactions, or the relationship between sediment and runoff, in forested headwater streams. Quantification of sediment‐runoff dynamics at the event scale is integral for understanding source areas and transport of suspended‐sediment through a watershed following wildfire. Here we used high‐frequency turbidity and stream discharge data, coupled with discrete suspended‐sediment measurements, in burned and unburned watersheds in the Southern Rocky Mountains and the western Cascades Range to evaluate the response of fine‐grained (clay‐ and silt‐sized particles) suspended‐sediment. Hysteresis analysis was conducted on estimated suspended‐sediment concentrations (using turbidity as a proxy) and streamflow through measurement of the difference in sediment concentration on the rising and falling limbs of the event hydrograph. All burned watersheds exhibited elevated fine suspended‐sediment concentrations relative to concentrations found in pre‐fire conditions. Changes to hysteretic response vary and may depend on a watershed's sediment connectivity limitations. Results suggest a watershed's inherent hillslope‐to‐channel (or lateral) connectivity is the primary factor controlling the relative magnitude of event‐driven fine sediment fluxes in watersheds affected by wildfire. While wildfire did promote lateral connectivity through activation of hillslope sources, snowmelt, precipitation characteristics and antecedent conditions were more important drivers of hysteretic response than wildfire. For watersheds influenced by annual snowpack, we identified a predominantly clockwise hysteretic response during snowmelt and counterclockwise events during the late spring and summer months. There were also proportionally more counterclockwise events after wildfire in watersheds with high sediment connectivity. Results suggest contrasting wildfire‐related sediment risk potential. Rivers in burned watersheds with high sediment connectivity may pose a higher risk to receiving waterbodies, such as larger tributaries or reservoirs, while rivers with low sediment connectivity may experience long‐term sediment‐related risk within the watershed above the outlet.
Optimizing Crop Production With Plant Phenomics Through High‐Throughput Phenotyping and AI in Controlled Environments
Authors: Kaya Cengiz 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPlant phenomics deals with the measurement of plant phenotypes associated with genetic and environmental variation in controlled environment agriculture (CEA). Encompassing a spectrum from molecular biology to ecosystem‐level studies, it employs high‐throughput phenotyping (HTP) approaches to quickly evaluate characteristics and enhance the yields of crops in smart plant facilities. HTP uses environmental parameters for accuracy, such as software sensors, as well as hyperspectral imaging for pigment data, thermal imaging for water content, and fluorescence imaging for photosynthesis rates. They provide information on growth kinetics, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and genotype–environment interaction. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are used on a large volume of phenotypic data to predict growth rates, determine the optimal time to water plants, or detect diseases, nutrient deficiencies, or pests at an early stage. The lighting used in smart plant factories is adjusted based on the specific growth phase of the plants, such as using different light intensities, spectrums, and durations for germination, vegetative growth, and flowering stages, hydroponics as the method of providing nutrients, and CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) for improving certain characteristics, such as resistance to drought. These systems enhance crop production, yields, adaptability, and input use by optimizing the environment and utilizing precision breeding techniques. Plant phenomics with AI is a combination of several disciplines, promoting the understanding of plant–environment interactions in relation to agriculture problems such as resource use, diseases, and climate change. It affects their capacity to develop crops that capture inputs, minimize chemical application, and are resilient to climate change. Phenomics is cost‐effective, reduces inputs, and contributes to more sustainable agricultural practices, being economically and environmentally sound. Altogether, plant phenomics is central to CEA due to its capacity to capitalize on phenotypic data and genetic potential within agriculture to advance sustainability and food security. Through phenomic research, the next advancements are likely to be even more revolutionary in terms of agricultural practices and food systems worldwide.
Enrichment Mechanism of Helium in the Jiaoshiba Shale Gas Field, Sichuan Basin, SW China
Authors: He Jianglin , Li Shuangjian , Mansour Ahmed , Zhao Ankun , Zhou Xiaolin , Wang Dong , Gao Jian , Wang Zhenghe , Zhu Lixia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn Sichuan Basin, uranium (U) and thorium (Th) are more abundant in organic‐rich shale than in granitic rocks, suggesting that organic‐rich shale is a significant source rock for helium (He). However, the He generation potential of organic‐rich shale and He enrichment mechanisms in shale gas fields remain limited in understanding. Based on the He, U and Th concentration tests, fluid inclusion analysis in the Jiaoshiba shale gas field, it was found that the He concentrations in shale gas is 340–730 ppm. The helium‐rich shale gas (≥ 500 ppm) was primarily found in synclinal units. The biggest helium abundance area (0.27 m3/m2) is located at the core of the Jiaoshiba anticline. The He is not solely derived from Wufeng–Longmaxi shale itself, for the current helium abundance (0.15–0.27 m3/m2) exceeds its historical He generation intensity (0.063–0.104 m3/m2) calculated by the U and Th concentration of the shale. Low‐angle deep faults are more favourable for He capture than high‐angle deep faults. The generation intensity of hydrocarbon is 21,851–29,224 times greater than He, which indicates that the dilution of hydrocarbon to He in organic‐rich shale is more significantly than in common source rocks (3000 times). The He enrichment model in the study area includes three stages: continuous burial, fold‐dominated, and fault‐dominated stages. In the anticline zone, He is continuously accumulated as carrier gas migration. In the syncline zone, He is mainly accumulated as the migration of carrier gas along faults and the water flows the aquifer, at the fault‐dominated stage. He‐rich gas is preferentially accumulated in shallow gas reservoirs associated with deep faults, and the shale gas layers in synclinal zones adjacent to low‐angle deep faults.
Common Dietary Patterns Among Female Employees Participating in the Persian Cohort Study (Mashhad) and Their Relationship With Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Dastenaie Fatemeh Davoudi , Javaheri Fatemeh Sadat Hashemi , Masoumvand Mohammad , Manesh Mohammad Amin Nazari , Moghadam Mohammad Akbari , Khosravi Maryam , Esfehani Ali Jafarzadeh 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe protective effect of a healthy diet against chronic diseases has been confirmed in several primary studies. This study identifies the dominant food patterns using factor analysis and determining its relationship with metabolic syndrome in female employees participating in the Persian cohort study.MethodsFemale participants with metabolic syndrome (based on the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP ATP III) were studied using a cross‐sectional design. Demographic, clinical and anthropometric information of the subjects were analyzed after checking the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Also, dietary intake based on the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was extracted from the participants' records.ResultsWaist circumference and HDL were significantly correlated with the healthy food pattern (p < 0.05). In the unadjusted model, a significant relationship was observed between healthy food patterns and low HDL (p = 0.035, OR = 0.674, 95% CI for OR: 0.467–0.973). After adjusting for confounding factors, a significant relationship was observed between low HDL and the third and fourth quartiles of healthy food pattern (p < 0.001, OR = 420, 95% CI for OR: 0.257–0.684, and p < 0.001, OR = 0.294, 95% CI for OR: 0.148–0.585, respectively), indicating that being in the third and fourth quartiles of dietary health was associated with 58% and 70.6% decreased risk of low HDL, respectively.ConclusionsThe results indicated that only healthy dietary patterns could have a preventive role against low HDL criterion of the metabolic syndrome among women.
Comprehensive Electrothermal Characterization Analysis for Scaled Nanochannels in Gate‐All‐Around Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Wang Ziping , Li Fei , Sun Yabin , Shi Yanling , Li Xiaoji 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGate‐all‐around field‐effect transistors (GAAFETs) have garnered extensive research interest and industrial attention due to the higher gate control capability and remarkable scalability. However, as the nanochannel scales down, the phonon‐boundary scattering inside channels is dramatically strengthened, resulting in a significant decrease in phonon mean free path (MFP), which in turn leads to a decrease in thermal conductivity and deteriorates electrothermal characteristics. In this paper, to accurately evaluate the degradation of thermal conductivity for confined nanochannels, an analytical model is developed by revising the boundary‐induced reduction function related to both nanochannel width and thickness. The results show that the thermal conductivity calculated by the proposed model agrees well with the experimental data within 1% error over large temperature range for nanosheet and nanowire structures. Moreover, significant deviations of 6.11% in on‐state current and 41.7 K in temperature are observed between the proposed and conventional models for three‐stacked GAAFETs. The proposed revised methodology offers invaluable insights for assessing the electrothermal characteristics of nanodevices.