bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuneable solvents‐based extraction for the recovery of caffeine from coffee wastewater
Authors: José Luis Plaza‐Dorado , Carlos Suárez‐Rodríguez , Laura Sofía Torres‐Valenzuela 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTunable solvents represent a new generation of environmentally friendly solvents with potential applications in the effective extraction of bioactive compounds, including supramolecular solvents (SUPRAS). This study aimed to optimize caffeine extraction from coffee processing wastewater (CWW) using SUPRAS of various compositions. An extreme vertices design was employed to evaluate the SUPRAS composition. The synthesis of SUPRAS involved two amphiphiles (1‐hexanol and decanoic acid) in hydro‐organic solutions of tetrahydrofuran (THF). A statistical modeling approach was used to characterize the process and determine the optimal conditions for potential scale‐up within the coffee processing industry. The results indicated that SUPRAS offer a promising alternative to traditional solvents for extracting caffeine from CWW. The highest experimental extraction rate (~ 62%) was achieved using a 15% 1‐hexanol in a hydro‐organic solution of THF (47% v/v). This mixture corresponded to the optimum predicted by a special cubic statistical model (R2 = 0.9367; Adj‐R2 = 0.8608, and RSME = 3.2795). The percentage of caffeine extracted from CWW is considered acceptable, given the compound's affinity for water and the rapid (1 min) and straightforward approach employed. Moreover, the use of SUPRAS reduced solvent consumption, and the proposed statistical model identified conditions that maximized caffeine extraction while minimizing THF usage. This method can potentially lower process costs and solvent consumption. For large‐scale extraction, centrifugation can be substituted with spontaneous sedimentation. Overall, these findings have significant implications for the valorization of CWW, providing a sustainable and efficient method for the extraction of valuable compounds.
Spatial coherency analysis of seismic ground motions from a rock site dense array implemented during the Kefalonia 2014 aftershock sequence
Authors: Svay A. , Perron V. , Imtiaz A. , Zentner I. , Cottereau R. , Clouteau1 D. , Bard P.‐Y. , Hollender F. , Lopez‐Caballero F. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryThe objective of studies presented in this paper is to analyse the spatial incoherency of seismic ground motions using signals from a velocimeter dense array located on a rock site, recording the aftershock sequence of the two M6 Kefalonia earthquakes that occurred in January/February 2014 (Kefalonia island, Greece). The analyses are carried out with both horizontal and vertical components of velocigrams for small separation distances of stations (<100 m). The coherencies of seismic ground motions identified from strong motion windows are compared with those identified from coda parts of signals. It is realized that there is no significant difference between the coherencies estimated from those two parts of signals. The influence of earthquake event number on the result of coherencies and the dispersions of coherencies estimated from different earthquake events are presented. Finally, coherencies estimated from the dense array are compared with several coherency models proposed and widely used in the literature. The possibility of modifying some parameters of those existing coherency models to fit with in situ coherencies are discussed and presented. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychosocial development measures modification for adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Maxey Myles , Beckert Troy E. , Meter Diana , Landon Trenton 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough diagnosis and identification of IDD is improving, adolescents with IDD receive limited attention in research, particularly concerning their psychosocial development. Measures developed and normed with typically developing populations may not be appropriate for IDD populations and may result in biased assessment. Aim: This study aimed to develop and validate modified psychosocial development assessments for adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), addressing the absence of such assessments.MethodIt involved two phases: modifying existing instruments and validating the revised versions. Four stakeholder groups participated: adolescents with IDD, parents, and scholars in adolescent developmental and disabilities. Validation included two groups: neurotypical adolescents completing both measures and IDD adolescents completing modified measures.ResultsConfirmatory factor analyses identified the need to adjust or eliminate scales for better understanding by individuals with IDD. The modified instruments provided suitable measures for assessing psychosocial development in adolescents with IDD.DiscussionAll the scales allowed for accommodation toward comprehension for those with IDD except for identity formation. Further work is needed to understand the challenges associated with assessing identity formation in adolescents with IDD. The active involvement of and participation from adolescents with IDD and their parents in this research was paramount to understanding their comprehension and needs.ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of tailored assessments for accurate measurement of IDD individuals' development, benefiting the assessment of all adolescents.
Electrosprayed B‐complex vitamins/zein microparticles for drug sustained release and antioxidant applications
Authors: Coelho Sílvia Castro , Giron Audrey , Rocha Fernando , Estevinho Berta Nogueiro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractB‐complex vitamins are important compounds for the human body, namely for brain and cell function and preventing infections and diseases. However, the instability associated with these vitamins is a critical problem. Their encapsulation into delivery systems that are able to protect them against undesirable conditions can be one solution for this problem. The present study focuses on the encapsulation of B‐complex vitamins at different concentrations (1, 5 and 10% w/w) by an electrohydrodynamic technique. The synergistic effect of the B‐vitamins in enhancing the antioxidant activity of microstructures is investigated. Zein, a prolamine protein found in corn, was the chosen wall material. The matrices were analyzed in terms of surface morphology, encapsulation efficiency, antioxidant activity and release of the B‐vitamins from the zein microstructures. Spherical microbeads were produced with sizes between 0.32 and 0.38 μm, and with high efficiency of encapsulation. Vitamin release profiles were obtained and the results suggested similar release profiles (in the range 10–40 h) for vitamins B3, B6, B3 plus B6, and B3, B6 plus B9. The Weibull model was used to adjust the experimental release profiles. Regarding the assessed antioxidant activity, it was possible to visualize an activity enhancement of the vitamins B3, B9 and B6 plus B9. Overall, the proposed encapsulation microsystems are a suitable alternative for the encapsulation of sensitive bioactive ingredients, such as vitamins, against external conditions, maintaining the indispensable stability essential for food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Field‐scale evaluation of struvite phosphorus and nitrogen leaching relative to monoammonium phosphate
Authors: Leon Patricia , Nakayama Yuhei , Margenot Andrew J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStruvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) is a wastewater‐derived phosphorus (P) fertilizer with potential to reduce P as well as nitrogen (N) losses due to its low water solubility. To test hypothesized lower P and N losses from struvite relative to monoammonium phosphate (MAP), field experiments with a randomized‐complete block design were conducted in central (Urbana) Illinois on an Endoaquoll‐Argiudoll complex and in southern (Ewing) Illinois on a Fragiudalf‐Hapludalf complex. Fertilizer was broadcast applied in the fall prior to spring planting of soybean (Glycine max L.) at a maintenance rate of 29.5 kg P ha−1 (Urbana) and 22.0 kg P ha−1 (Ewing). In the spring, soil extractable N and Mehlich 3‐P at 0‐ to 15‐cm and 15‐ to 35‐cm depths were determined, and leached N and P were estimated using fall‐installed ion‐exchangeable resin (IER) lysimeters. At Urbana, soil extractable nitrate‐N was higher under MAP than struvite at 0‐ to 15‐cm depth. At Ewing, soil Mehlich 3‐P under struvite was lower than MAP at both depths. At Urbana, leached P was 10‐fold lower, and leached N was twofold lower under struvite than MAP. Soybean yields were similar between MAP and struvite at Urbana (4.1–4.3 Mg ha−1) and Ewing (3.2–3.5 Mg ha−1), but at Ewing yields were 23% higher under struvite compared to the P‐unfertilized control. Off‐season yield‐scaled P and N losses under struvite were lower than MAP by 51% at Urbana and by 10% at Ewing. Our results support the hypothesized potential of struvite to reduce nutrient losses while meeting crop P needs. Additionally, we identify disproportionally greater reductions in N leaching and yield‐scaled N losses by substituting struvite for MAP in fall applications, indicating that struvite can offer greater relative benefits for N loss reduction than P loss reduction.
A decomposition method on solving the linear arboricity conjecture
Authors: Chen Guantao , Hao Yanli , Yu Guoning 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA linear forest is a disjoint union of path graphs. The linear arboricity of a graph , denoted by , is the least number of linear forests into which the graph can be partitioned. Clearly, for any graph of maximum degree . For the upper bound, the long‐standing Linear Arboricity Conjecture (LAC) due to Akiyama, Exoo, and Harary from 1981 asserts that . A graph is a pseudoforest if each of its components contains at most one cycle. In this paper, we prove that the union of any two pseudoforests of maximum degree up to 3 can be decomposed into three linear forests. Combining it with a recent result of Wdowinski on the minimum number of pseudoforests into which a graph can be decomposed, we prove that the LAC holds for the following simple graph classes: ‐degenerate graphs with maximum degree , all graphs on nonnegative Euler characteristic surfaces provided the maximum degree , and graphs on negative Euler characteristic surfaces provided the maximum degree , as well as graphs with no ‐minor satisfying some conditions on maximum degrees.
Outcomes of endoscopic papillectomy of ampullary carcinoma and factors affecting additional surgery
Authors: Takada Yoshihisa , Ishikawa Takuya , Yamao Kentaro , Mizutani Yasuyuki , Iida Tadashi , Uetsuki Kota , Gibo Noriaki , Ohno Eizaburo , Kawashima Hiroki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground/PurposeData on the prognosis of endoscopic papillectomy (EP) for ampullary carcinoma (AC) is limited; therefore, we aimed to identify the factors associated with endoscopically controlled AC.MethodsBetween January 2003 and October 2022, 75 patients underwent EP for ampullary tumors and were diagnosed with AC based on the pathological features of the resected tissue. The factors associated with additional surgery after EP were also evaluated.ResultsA total of 67 patients had ACs ranging from carcinoma in situ to tumors limited to the mucosa (M group), and eight patients had ACs ranging from those limited to the sphincter of Oddi to those invading the duodenal muscularis propria (OD group). The 3‐year endoscopic tumor control (condition not requiring additional surgery) rates in the M and OD groups were 90.8% and 84.6% (p = .033), respectively. In the M group, the presence of tumor components in the resection margins was the only significant factor associated with additional surgeries (p = .010) in the univariate analysis. The 3‐year endoscopic tumor control rates were 100% for negative and uncertain resection margins and 76.6% for positive margins (p = .009).ConclusionsIf the AC is confined to the mucosa and the resection margins are negative or uncertain, the tumor can be well‐controlled endoscopically.
Identification of T cell responses to the nonstructural glycoproteins in survivors of Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever in South Africa
Authors: Maotoana Makgotso Golda , Burt Felicity Jane , Goedhals Dominique 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCrimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) is listed as a priority pathogen by the World Health Organization due to the severity of disease, propensity for spread to nonendemic regions, and absence of a vaccine or specific treatment. The immune correlates of protection are not clearly defined and hence the importance of investigating host immune responses in survivors. We have previously shown that survivors generate memory T cell responses that are long‐lived and this study aimed to further define specific viral proteins targeted by the T cell response. The NSM, GP38, highly variable mucin‐like domain, and N‐terminus of GC regions in CCHFV are considered immunogenic regions and were investigated using peptide libraries representing regions of interest. An interferon gamma ELISpot assay was used to identify responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from 12 survivors of laboratory confirmed CCHFV infections. IFN‐γ responses were detected from eight survivors, against nine peptides, including four peptides located in the NSM region and five peptides located in the GP38 protein. No response was detected against peptides representing the mucin‐like domain. In conclusion, the results suggest the presence of a long‐lasting T cell memory response upon stimulation with viral epitopes in survivors of infection.
Bandwidth enhancement of compact and wideband square microstrip patch antenna for WLAN/WiMAX applications in C‐band
Authors: Verma Ramesh Kumar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a compact and wideband square microstrip patch antenna using low cost and easy available FR‐4 substrate of ground size 30 mm × 30 mm (0.51 × 0.51 at lowest resonant frequency 5.07 GHz). The radiating patch of antenna is designed by embedding three T‐shape notches of same dimension formed by two rectangular notches of size 6 mm × 5 mm and 3 mm × 2 mm. The radiating patch is optimized by parametric variation of notches and feed line. The wideband fractional bandwidth (S11 < −10 dB) of 47.2% (2810 MHz) is achieved from 4.55 to 7.36 GHz with good return loss of −47.27 dB at 5.07 GHz for an optimized dimension of notches and feed line. However, the measured fractional bandwidth of 43.9% (2340 MHz) is achieved from 4.16 to 6.50 GHz with return loss of −37.34 dB at 5.14 GHz. A stable simulated gain of 4.69 to 5.93 dBi and measured gain of 4.4 to 5.9 dBi is observed in complete resonating band. The antenna is excited by line feed of 50 Ω and simulated by IE3D simulation tool. The entire resonating band 4.55–7.36 GHz is suitable for different applications in C‐band (4–8 GHz).
Predictors and benefits of multiagent chemotherapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Timing matters
Authors: Valdera Franklin A. , O'Shea Anne E. , Smolinsky Todd R. , Carpenter Elizabeth L. , Adams Alexandra A. , McCarthy Patrick M. , Tiwari Ankur , Chick Robert C. , Kemp‐Bohan Phillip M. , Van Decar Spencer , Thomas Katryna K. , Bader Julia O. , Peoples George E. , Clifton Guy T. , Stojadinovic Alex , Nelson Daniel W. , Vreeland Timothy J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionAdjuvant (A) multiagent chemotherapy (MC) is the standard of care for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Tolerating MC following a morbid operation may be difficult, thus neoadjuvant (NA) treatment is preferable. This study examined how the timing of chemotherapy was related to the regimen given and ultimately the overall survival (OS).MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried from 2006 to 2017 for nonmetastatic PDAC patients who underwent surgical resection and received MC or single‐agent chemotherapy (SC) pre‐ or postresection. Predictors of receiving MC were determined using multivariable logistic regression. Five‐year OS was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsA total of 12,440 patients (NA SC, n = 663; NA MC, n = 2313; A SC, n = 6152; A MC, n = 3312) were included. MC utilization increased from 2006–2010 to 2011–2017 (33.1%–49.7%; odds ratio [OR]: 0.59; p < 0.001). Younger age, fewer comorbidities, higher clinical stage, and larger tumor size were all associated with receipt of MC (all p < 0.001), but NA treatment was the greatest predictor (OR 5.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.63–5.80; p < 0.001). MC was associated with increased median 5‐year OS (26.0 vs. 23.9 months; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88–0.96) and NA MC was associated with the highest survival (28.2 months) compared to NA SC (23.3 months), A SC (24.0 months), and A MC (24.6 months; p < 0.001).ConclusionUse and timing of MC contribute to OS in PDAC with an improved 5‐year OS compared to SC. The greatest predictor of receiving MC was being given as NA therapy and the greatest survival benefit was the NA MC subgroup. Randomized studies evaluating the timing of effective MC in PDAC are needed.
Chirality‐Switching and Reconfigurable Spin‐Selective Wavefront by Origami Deformation Metasurface
Authors: Zheng Yilin , Wang Shaojie , Duan Kun , Yang Weixu , Chen Ke , Zhao Junming , Jiang Tian , Feng Yijun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOrigami metasurfaces have emerged as a versatile platform for dynamically manipulating electromagnetic waves due to their numerous advantages, including cost‐effectiveness, lightweight nature, and diverse structural transformations. They are particularly well‐suited for reconfigurable chiroptical responses that can find utility in various applications. However, current research has primarily focused on modulating spectral properties like optical chirality and resonant frequencies, which may limit their practical applications. Herein, an origami metasurface enabled by a simple yet highly effective deformation method is proposed to achieve simultaneous tunable chirality and wavefront manipulation, which expands the modulation freedom of mechanical deformation in chiral metasurfaces. The planar metasurface with spin‐insensitive transmittance is bulked into 3D metasurfaces to break the mirror symmetry, thereby triggering pronounced chiral responses. Additionally, through the implementation of propagation phase design, two types of meta‐atoms with distinct phase responses are interleaved to create a chiral anomalous reflector that spin‐selectively modulates the reflection beam. The experimental results agree well with the simulation results and theoretical predictions, verifying the high quality of the proposed design that may offer untapped potential for applications such as reconfigurable photonics devices.
Conventional drilling versus ultrasound and laser osteotomy in mandibular third molar surgery: A comparative study
Authors: Blagova Bistra , Krastev Dimo , Malinova Lina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are few research works with in‐depth studies and direct simultaneous comparisons of the effects on tissue reactions and patients' recovery following in vivo conventional drilling, ultrasound‐ and laser‐assisted osteotomy in humans.ObjectiveThe current study aims to compare bone cutting duration, pain, swelling, and trismus in patients following surgical mandible third molar extraction by bone removal using three different osteotomes—a conventional rotary device, an ultrasonic unit, and an Er:YAG laser.MethodsA prospective, randomized three‐group comparative clinical trial was performed. As an experimental setting for the study, аn open mandible third molar surgery was chosen because osteotomy is included in its protocol. Patients were divided into three groups according to the used device for bone removal. Bone cutting time intraoperatively, facial swelling, trismus, and pain on the first, second, and third postoperative days were assessed. The statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS v. 17.0—Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, one‐way ANOVA, Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney test, and χ2 test. Statistical results were considered significant at p < 0.05 (confidence interval of difference, 95% CI).ResultsEighty patients (34 males and 46 females with an average age of 25.18 years) were included in the study. The average time for bone removal by the conventional low‐speed device (4.95 min), by the ultrasonic unit (5.13 min), and by the Er:YAG laser (9.00 min) differed significantly (p = 0.001). The mean postoperative facial swelling showed a marked difference between the groups (p < 0.05), in favor of the laser and piezo groups. The osteotome proved to influence pain intensity not only immediately after surgery (p = 0.002), but also during the followed‐up period (p = 0.001), again in favor of the two above‐mentioned groups. No association was found between trismus and the osteotome used by the followed‐up patients (p > 0.05).ConclusionBone‐cutting mechanism and the biological influence of the laser beam and ultrasound on living tissues proved to be favorable factors for patients' pain levels and tissue swelling postoperatively independent of the longer osteotomy duration compared to conventional drilling.
Solution Self‐Assembly of Branched Macromolecules Obtained via Iterative OPE Synthesis and the Passerini Three‐Component Reaction
Authors: Wegelin Sandra , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the last decade, isocyanide‐based multicomponent reactions, like the Passerini three‐component reaction (P‐3CR), have gained significant interest in the synthesis of sequence‐defined macromolecules due to their high efficiency and straightforward one‐pot procedures. The P‐3CR results in unique product structures that are particularly interesting for the synthesis of uniform, branched macromolecules, as they enable the direct introduction of a new branching point into the molecule. In this work, the synthesis of uniform first‐generation dendrons is performed via the P‐3CR using a divergent approach, utilizing three uniform and poorly soluble oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s (OPEs) of varying lengths as a focal moiety. Self‐assembly of the dendrons in cyclohexane solution is confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy and diffusion‐ordered NMR (DOSY NMR) spectroscopy, highlighting the utility of DOSY NMR spectroscopy for the investigation of solution self‐assembly. Diffusion coefficients for the dendrons and their aggregates are determined and compared for different lengths of the OPE focal moiety. The successful synthesis of the dendrons in good yields and the selective branching introduced on the OPEs by the P‐3CR emphasize the high efficiency and synthetic advantages of multicomponent reactions for the preparation of uniform, branched macromolecules.