bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly sensitive flexible capacitive pressure sensor with structured elastomeric dielectric layers
Authors: Rawal Gaurav , Ghatak Animangsu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Sensitive yet stable, robust yet flexible and accurate yet energy efficient pressure sensors are required for variety of purposes. While a large variety of designs and dielectric materials have been explored for this purpose, there is still need of a flexible pressure sensor that will allow easy scale up and inexpensive fabrication. To this end, we have presented here the design of a flexible capacitive pressure sensor using copper coated paper as flexible electrodes and soft Ecoflex layers decorated with cylindrical micro-pillars as the dielectric. While microscopic construct of the sensor allows its easy manufacturability, softness of the layer imparts sensitivity to it. In contrast to many conventional sensors, this design yields sensitivity as high as ∼5 kPa−1 at pressure <1 kPa and somewhat smaller sensitivity as pressure exceeds 1 kPa. We have varied systematically pillar diameter, skin thickness of dielectric layer and pitch of the pillar array to optimise the design and demonstrate its easy tunability. We have presented a model based on buckling of the pillars to predict the response of the sensor. We have explored also a specific design that minimises the hysteresis.
Shapelet-based orientation and defect identification method for nanostructured surface imaging
Authors: Tino Matthew Peres , Suderman Robert , Abukhdeir Nasser Mohieddin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Structure-property relations are of fundamental importance for continued progress in materials research. Determining these relationships for nanomaterials introduces additional challenges, especially when nanostructure is present, either through self-assembly or nano-lithographic processes. Recent advances have been made for quantification of nanostructured surfaces, for which many robust experimental imaging methods exist. One promising approach is based on the use of shapelet functions for image analysis, which may be used as a reduced basis for surface pattern structure resulting from a broad range of phenomena (e.g. self-assembly). These shapelet-based methods enable automated quantification of nanostructured images, guided by the user/researcher, providing pixel-level information of local order without requiring detailed knowledge of order symmetries. In this work, enhancements to the existing shapelet-based response distance method are developed which enable further analysis of local order, including quantification of local orientation and identification of topological defects. The presented shapelet-based methods are applied to a representative set of images of self-assembled surfaces from experimental characterization techniques including scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. These methods are shown to be complementary in implementation and, importantly, provide researchers with a robust and generalized computational approach to comprehensively quantify nanostructure order, including local orientation and boundaries within well-aligned grains.
A novel flexible catheter with integrated magnetic variable stiffness and actuation
Authors: Li Xinling , Wang Haibo , Zuo Siyang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Flexible instruments offer significant advantages over traditional rigid instruments in ophthalmic surgery, because they can achieve larger working space and minimize the risk of damage caused by contact with eye tissues. However, it also needs to be rigid to achieve sufficient surgical operation force and stability. In this study, we propose a novel flexible catheter with integrated magnetic variable stiffness and actuation, based on electromagnetic induction heating and phase change alloy. The experimental results show that the catheter can switch from rigid to flexible modes in 11 s, and it takes 10 s to switch from flexible to rigid modes in room temperature. The bending stiffness of the catheter is 930.23°N mm2 in rigid mode and 74.42°N mm2 in flexible mode. In addition, the catheter can limit the axial force below 0.08°N in flexible mode, while withstand a force greater than 1.08°N in rigid mode. The catheter is equipped with a magnetic tip that can safely navigate in flexible mode with maximum bending angle of 106 degrees. The phantom experimental results demonstrated the potential clinical value of the proposed catheter.
Performance improvement of 263 nm AlGaN DUV LDs with different doping concentration and composition graded EBL Techniques
Authors: Rehman Hameed Ur , Rahman Naveed Ur , Haq Inayatul , Wang Fang , Liu Yuhuai 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
As part of this study, we present a study on the act of electrically driven Laser Diode (LD) using trinary Aluminum Gallium Nitride (AlGaN) with optimized doping concentrations. To increase the LD’s output power and capabilities, we focused on utilizing different doping concentrations in the electron-blocking layer (EBL). We conducted the calculations with PICS 3D software; we obtained simulation results indicating that the designed LD structure successfully emitted an ultraviolet (UV) laser class-c at a wavelength of 263.7 nm. By implementing this approach, we anticipate achieving higher optical output power by 6%, enhancing the concentration of electron and hole, and reducing the electron current density (356.1 to 342.8) and threshold voltage (4.516 to 4.5 V), and hole current density increases in AlGaN-based ultraviolet LDs. These promising outcomes can be attributed to the effective conduction band barrier height achieved by the optimized electron-blocking layer (EBL).
Design and simulation of control and sampling circuits for an open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometer based on a rotating mirror
Authors: Zhu Junfeng , Li Chengrui , Chen Yihai , Du Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We designed a laser pulse sampling circuit to achieve equal optical path difference sampling for an open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectrometer based on a rotating mirror. The trigger signals for the equal optical path difference sampling were successfully obtained through circuit simulations, and an intelligent control circuit based on a 52 single-chip microcomputer (SCM) was used to accurately determine the sampling starting point and range for the spectrometer. By processing the grating scale signal and the grating reference signal, the sampling starting point and range of the spectrometer were determined precisely. Finally, the sampling trigger signals required to accomplish equal optical path difference sampling of the infrared spectrum were successfully outputted within the defined sampling range.
Highly catalytic reduced graphene oxide decorated Cu2S counter electrode boosting quantum dot–sensitized solar cell performance
Authors: Thanh Tung Ha , Dang Huu Phuc , Dan Ho Kim , Hanh Nguyen Thi My , Van Hieu Le , Van Thang Bui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper shows the outcomes of making and planning quantum dot solar cells with cathode electrodes made from a nanocomposite of rGO and Cu2S. The hydrothermal method is used to make this stuff into a powder, which is then mixed with polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone to make a paste coating that is then printed onto an FTO substrate that is conductive. Cu2S, rGO, and rGO@Cu2S nanocomposite electrodes, with the initial mass of graphene oxide varying at 8 mg, 12 mg, and 16 mg. The composition and structure of the films were determined using EDX mapping, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and FTIR spectra, confirming that they were successfully fabricated. In addition, the results showed that the surface of the film is very porous, making it suitable for electrode fabrication. The results of measuring the PCE show that the efficiency has been effectively improved. The efficiency of the rGO counter electrodes is increased as compared to the Cu2S counter electrodes. The device has the highest efficiency of 5.665%, VOC = 0.48V, JSC = 22.776 mA cm−2, and FF = 0.518 for the 12 mg-rGO@Cu2S counter electrode. This result shows that the support of the graphene network helps the Cu2S nanoparticles be distributed more evenly when Cu2S material is directly coated on the FTO. Besides, the graphene network also helps to make the electrons transition to the polysulfide more flexible, which is proven through cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results.
A Lagrangian theory for galaxy shape statistics
Authors: Chen Shi-Fan , Kokron Nickolas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We formulate the Lagrangian perturbation theory of galaxy intrinsic alignments and compute the resulting auto and cross power spectra of galaxy shapes, densities and matter to 1-loop order. Our model represents a consistent effective-theory description of galaxy shape including the resummation of long-wavelength displacements which damp baryon acoustic oscillations, and includes one linear, three quadratic and two cubic dimensionless bias coefficients at this order, along with counterterms and stochastic contributions whose structure we derive. We compare this Lagrangian model against the three-dimensional helicity spectra of halo shapes measured in N-body simulations by ref. [1] and find excellent agreement on perturbative scales while testing a number of more restrictive bias parametrizations. The calculations presented are immediately relevant to analyses of both cosmic shear surveys and spectroscopic shape measurements, and we make a fast FFTLog-based code spinosaurus publicly available at https://github.com/sfschen/spinosaurus.
Screening for Executive Impairment in Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia: Evidence from the Greek Version of the Frontier Executive Screen
Authors: Konstantinopoulou Eleni , Vilou Irini , Falega Ioanna , Papadopoulou Valentina , Chatzidimitriou Electra , Grigoriadis Nikolaos , Aretouli Eleni , Panagiotis Ioannidis 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of the present study was to adjust the frontier executive screen (FES) for the Greek population, to develop normative data, and to investigate its ability to discriminate patients diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia from healthy individuals.

Methods
The FES was administered to 142 community-dwelling healthy adults (age: M = 65.9, SD = 8.5; education: M = 10.8, SD = 4.3; sex: 59% female) and 32 patients diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia (age: M = 69.3, SD = 8.6; education: M = 11.7, SD = 4.8; sex: 31% female). Correlation and regression analyses were performed to determine the association between the FES scores, demographic, and clinical characteristics. Cronbach’s α coefficient was used to determine internal consistency. Group differences on the FES were examined with independent samples t-test and Mann–Whitney test. Discriminant and ROC analyses were used to determine diagnostic accuracy and to identify the optimal cutoff score for the discrimination between groups.

Results
Regression analyses indicated associations between demographic characteristics and FES scores (age: R2 = .08; education: R2 = .33). Internal consistency was marginally acceptable (α = .69). Patients scored lower than healthy participants on the total FES score (d = 1.91) and its three subscores (verbal fluency: η2 = .60; inhibition: η2 = .52; working memory: d = 0.90). The results indicated high diagnostic accuracy (94%) and the optimal cutoff score was 7 (91% sensitivity, 78% specificity).

Conclusions
The Greek version of the FES is a useful tool for the brief evaluation of executive functions in patients diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Coping With the Disease and Affecting Cognitive, Physical, and Psychosocial Factors in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Sagici Ozge , Ozdogar Asiye Tuba , Aslan Taha , Ozakbas Serkan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the relationship between coping mechanisms in people with multiple sclerosis (MS, pwMS) and cognitive, physical, and psychosocial factors such as socio-demographic characteristics, disability, personality, stigma, quality of life, depression, and anxiety.

Method
One hundred and two pwMS were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Demographics and clinical characteristics were recorded. Coping with the MS Scale (CMSS), including seven subscales, which are problem-solving, physical assistance, acceptance, avoidance, personal health control, energy conservation, and emotional release, was used to measure coping. Anxiety and depression levels, stigma, neuropsychological symptoms, and personality were measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), EuroQol-5D Quality of Life Scale (EQ-5D), Quality of Life in Neurological Diseases (NeuroQoL) -Stigma Scale, Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Questionnaire (MSNQ), and Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Abbreviated Form (EKA-GGK), respectively.

Results
There was a weak statistically significant positive correlation between the physical support subscale and age and the disease duration and a strong positive correlation with EDSS (r = .214, p = .035; r = .213, p = .036; r = .582, p ≤ .0001, respectively). There was a moderate negative relationship between the physical support subscale and the EQ-5D mobility, self-care, pain, and health subscales (r = −.434, p = .000; r = −.482, p = .000; r = −.526, p ≤ .001, respectively), a weak negative correlation with anxiety, and a strong negative relationship with usual activities (r = −.379, p ≤ .001; r = −.243, p = .017; r = −.384, p ≤ .001, respectively).

Conclusion
It has been shown that coping with MS can be affected by cognitive, physical, and psychosocial factors.
DeepRegFinder: deep learning-based regulatory elements finder
Authors: Ramakrishnan Aarthi , Wangensteen George , Kim Sarah , Nestler Eric J , Shen Li 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Summary
Enhancers and promoters are important classes of DNA regulatory elements (DREs) that govern gene expression. Identifying them at a genomic scale is a critical task in bioinformatics. The DREs often exhibit unique histone mark binding patterns, which can be captured by high-throughput ChIP-seq experiments. To account for the variations and noises among the binding sites, machine learning models are trained on known enhancer/promoter sites using histone mark ChIP-seq data and predict enhancers/promoters at other genomic regions. To this end, we have developed a highly customizable program named DeepRegFinder, which automates the entire process of data processing, model training, and prediction. We have employed convolutional and recurrent neural networks for model training and prediction. DeepRegFinder further categorizes enhancers and promoters into active and poised states, making it a unique and valuable feature for researchers. Our method demonstrates improved precision and recall in comparison to existing algorithms for enhancer prediction across multiple cell types. Moreover, our pipeline is modular and eliminates the tedious steps involved in preprocessing, making it easier for users to apply on their data quickly.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/shenlab-sinai/DeepRegFinder
Functional connectome hierarchy of thalamus impacts fatigue in acute stroke patients
Authors: Wang Jinjing , Zhang Hanhong , Fang Yirong , Dong Yiran , Chao Xian , Xiao Lulu , Jiang Shiyi , Yin Dawei , Wang Peng , Sun Wen , Liu Xinfeng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to explore the topographic features of thalamic subregions, functional connectomes and hierarchical organizations between thalamus and cortex in poststroke fatigue patients. We consecutively recruited 121 acute ischemic stroke patients (mean age: 59 years) and 46 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and educational level. The mean age was 59 years (range 19–80) and 38% of acute stroke patients were females. Resting-state functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging were conducted on all participants. The fatigue symptoms were measured using the Fatigue Severity Scale. The thalamic functional subdivisions corresponding to the canonical functional network were defined using the winner-take-all parcellation method. Thalamic functional gradients were derived using the diffusion embedding analysis. The results suggested abnormal functional connectivity of thalamic subregions primarily located in the temporal lobe, posterior cingulate gyrus, parietal lobe, and precuneus. The thalamus showed a gradual increase from the medial to the lateral in all groups, but the right thalamus shifted more laterally in poststroke fatigue patients than in non- poststroke fatigue patients. Poststroke fatigue patients also had higher gradient scores in the somatomotor network and the right medial prefrontal and premotor thalamic regions, but lower values in the right lateral prefrontal thalamus. The findings suggested that poststroke fatigue patients had altered functional connectivity and thalamocortical hierarchical organizations, providing new insights into the neural mechanisms of the thalamus.
Natural trait variation across Saccharomycotina species
Authors: Wang Johnson J -T , Steenwyk Jacob L , Brem Rachel B 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Among molecular biologists, the group of fungi called Saccharomycotina is famous for its yeasts. These yeasts in turn are famous for what they have in common—genetic, biochemical, and cell-biological characteristics that serve as models for plants and animals. But behind the apparent homogeneity of Saccharomycotina species lie a wealth of differences. In this review, we discuss traits that vary across the Saccharomycotina subphylum. We describe cases of bright pigmentation; a zoo of cell shapes; metabolic specialties; and species with unique rules of gene regulation. We discuss the genetics of this diversity and why it matters, including insights into basic evolutionary principles with relevance across Eukarya.
Genetic risk and likelihood of prostate cancer detection on first biopsy by ancestry
Authors: Lee Kyung Min , Nelson Tyler J , Bryant Alex , Teerlink Craig C , Gulati Roman , Pagadala Meghana S , Tcheandjieu Catherine , Pridgen Kathryn M , DuVall Scott L , Yamoah Kosj , Vassy Jason L , Seibert Tyler M , Hauger Richard L , Rose Brent S , Lynch Julie A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Despite differences in prostate cancer risk across ancestry groups, relative performance of prostate cancer genetic risks scores (GRS) for positive biopsy prediction in different ancestry groups is unknown. This cross-sectional retrospective analysis examines the association between a polygenic hazard score (PHS290) and risk of prostate cancer diagnosis upon first biopsy in male veterans using 2-sided tests. Our analysis included 36 717 veterans (10 297 of African ancestry). Unadjusted rates of positive first prostate biopsy increased with higher genetic risk (low risk: 34%, high risk: 58%; P &lt; .001). Among men of African ancestry, higher genetic risk was associated with increased prostate cancer detection on first biopsy (odds ratio = 2.18, 95% confidence interval = 1.93 to 2.47), but the effect was stronger among men of European descent (odds ratio = 3.89, 95% confidence interval = 3.62 to 4.18). These findings suggest that incorporating genetic risk into prediction models could better personalize biopsy decisions, although further study is needed to achieve equitable genetic risk stratification among ancestry groups.
Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and Cryptococcosis Infection, an Underdiagnosed Association: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Concha-Velasco Fátima , Seas Carlos , Gotuzzo Eduardo , Bustamante Beatriz 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological features of 7 human immunodeficiency virus–negative Peruvian patients coinfected with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and cryptococcosis (2006–2017) were studied. Most cases had meningeal involvement, were male, and originated from Peru's jungle. Patients with cryptococcosis should be tested for HTLV-1 in endemic areas of this retrovirus.
Original Research: A Real ‘Voice’ or ‘Lip Service’? Experiences of Staff Nurses Who Have Served on Staffing Committees
Authors: Bartmess Marissa P. , Myers Carole R. , Thomas Sandra P. , Hardesty Pamela D. , Atchley Kate 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Nurse staffing committees offer a means for improving nurse staffing and nursing work environments in hospital settings by giving direct care nurses opportunities to contribute to staffing decision-making. These committees may be mandated by state law, as is the case currently in nine U.S. states, yet little is known about the experiences of staff nurses who have served on them.

Purpose and design:
This qualitative descriptive study was conducted to explore the experiences of direct care nurses who have served on nurse staffing committees, and to better understand how such committees operate.

Methods:
Participants were recruited by sharing information about the study through online nursing organization platforms, hospital nurse leadership, state chapters of national nursing organizations, social media, and nonconfidential nursing email lists. A total of 14 nurses from five U.S. states that have had nurse staffing committee legislation in place for at least three years were interviewed between April and October 2022.

Results:
Four themes were identified from the data—a “well-valued” committee versus one with “locked away” potential: committee value; “who benefits”: staffing committee beneficiaries; “not just the numbers”: defining adequate staffing; and “constantly pushing”: committee members' persistence.

Conclusions:
The results of this study highlight the importance of actualizing staff nurse autonomy within nurse staffing committees—and invite further exploration into how staff nurses' perspectives can be better valued by nursing and nonnursing hospital leadership. Nurse staffing committees generally recommend staffing-related policies and practices that address the needs of patients and nurses, and work to find areas of compromise between nursing and hospital entities. But to be effective, the state laws that govern nurse staffing committees should be enforceable and evaluable, while committee practices should contribute to positive patient, nurse, and organizational outcomes; otherwise, they're just another form of paying lip service to change.