bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberration correction of optical dipole-traps array utilizing phase-modulated holographic technique
Authors: Parkprom P , Chattrapiban N , Thaicharoen N 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Atom arrays generated by optical dipole traps are essential in quantum experiments, enabling precise manipulation and simulation of quantum states. They offer a competitive platform for quantum simulations due to their flexible configurations and local state addressability. However, preparing dipole-trap arrays within a vacuum chamber is challenged by the requirement for the laser beam to pass through multiple optical components which can induce deviations in the laser beam profile and cause aberrations in the system. To address this issue, we apply a holographic phase pattern to correct the aberration of an array of optical dipole traps according to these optical elements. We start with embedding the phase patterns into an SLM to generate the array of optical dipole traps. We then examine the aberrations induced by each optical element and develop methods for their correction. This is implemented by feeding back the modified phase pattern to restore the intended array pattern and eliminate aberrations using the modified Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm. This research enables the precise preparation of optical dipole trap arrays, which are crucial for future work in developing cold single-atom arrays prepared in a vacuum system.
Exploring phosphorescent materials: luminescence properties and traffic safety applications
Authors: Wattanasirikoson R , Boonyaras P , Dangudom K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This research investigates the luminescence of phosphorescent materials by measuring the particle size of phosphorescent powder from images obtained using scanning electron microscopy and chemically analyzing the composition using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy. It was found that the chemical composition correlates with the phosphorescent material group SrAl2O4. The emitted light is green when examining the luminescence spectrum of the phosphorescent powder, revealing a peak wavelength of 523 nanometers. This was then applied to the design of a pyramid-shaped phosphorescent traffic pin. This phosphorescent traffic pin can store light during the day and emit light at night, enhancing visibility at longer distances compared to reflective traffic pins, which rely on light from vehicles for illumination. In the future, it can be further developed to extend the duration of light emission or be used in conjunction with reflective traffic pins.
Highly uniform plasmonic microstructures for surface-enhanced Raman scattering applications
Authors: Patpong S , Daengngam C , Phengdaam A , Osotchan T , Dawes J M , Sitpathom N 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Plasmonic microstructures have potential applications for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Consistent microstructure features are crucial to ensure spatial reliability and accuracy of measurements. In this work, we assessed the performance of surface-enhanced Raman scattering using plasmonic self-assembled microstructures. The plasmonic microstructures were prepared from polystyrene beads with 500-nm and 1000-nm diameters via convective deposition and capped by sputtering a thin gold film. Raman scattering spectra of the probe molecule methylene blue were measured at a 785 nm excitation wavelength. Enhancement factors of 7.8×105 and 3.9×106 were obtained for 500-nm and 1000-nm plasmonic microstructures, respectively. The higher enhancement factor for the 1000-nm microstructure case is attributed to strong electric field near the semi-shell surface and near-field localization above the structure. The uniformity of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates was evaluated by comparing the Raman shift intensities at 1610 cm-1 at 20 distinct locations on each substrate. The relative standard deviations (RSD) were found to be 0.032% and 0.018% for 500-nm and 1000-nm templates, respectively. These plasmonic microstructures can be useful for surface-enhanced Raman scattering applications.
Appling a semi-empirical model for estimating hourly diffuse solar radiation at the main regions of Thailand
Authors: Tohsing Korntip , Phaisathit Danuch , Janjai Serm 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this work, a mathematical relation between hourly diffuse radiation and important parameters was developed. The atmospheric parameters such as aerosol optical depth (AOD), precipitable water (w), total ozone column (O3), and cloud index (n) including other physical parameters namely global radiation, solar constant, eccentricity correction factor and solar zenith angle have been used to formulate the model. The data used were collected at four main regions of Thailand namely, Chiang Mai (18.78 °N, 98.98 °E) in the North, Ubon Ratchathani (15.25 °N, 104.87 °E) in the Northeast, Nakhon Pathom (13.82 °N, 100.04 °E) in the Center, and Songkhla (7.20 °N, 100.60 °E) in the South encompassing the year of 2016 to 2022. The global radiation was measured by a pyranometer (CM21, Kipp&Zonen) and diffuse radiation was also obtained from the pyranometer equipped with a shading ball. The AOD, w, O3 were measured by a sunphotometer (CE-318, Cimel) belonging to AERONET of NASA and the cloud index was derived from HIMAWARI satellite data. A semi-empirical model for calculating the diffuse radiation was obtained by a multiple linear regression using all data of 2016 to 2021 and was validated with the measured data of the year 2022. The results shown that hourly diffuse radiation gathered from the model and that obtained from the measurement were in good agreement with the discrepancy in terms of mean bias difference (MBD) of 3.26% and root mean square difference (RMSD) of 13.01% for combined data of these stations.
Study of the cluster size of a Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor using a Sr-90 source
Authors: Kaewjai Jetnipit , Kittimanapun Kritsada , Laojamnongwong Natthawut , Poonsawat Wanchaloem , Kobdaj Chinorat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Modern particle detectors use the Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) to lower the material budget and increase tracking precision and efficiency at low transverse momentum. In this study, the cluster size of a MAPS prototype was investigated using a Sr-90 isotope. The number of clusters detected can provide insights into the spatial resolution of the sensor. We tested the sensor in the laboratory at various back-bias voltages from -0.0 to -4.8 V, demonstrating its capability to detect beta particles from the decay of Sr-90. Our results show that the mean of the cluster size distribution is 1.15 pixels when operated at -0.0 V
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. The increase in back-bias voltage can provide a larger depletion region for the sensor, resulting in a larger number of events. In the next step, we plan to use a Sr-90 source with another sensor to compare the spatial resolution and validate the performance of our MAPS prototype.
Sensorless vector control and improvement of delta-connected PMSMs
Authors: An Jiaqiang , Feng Ming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) is mainly based on star winding connection (SWC). However, in certain special cases, PMSMs with delta winding connection (DWC) have irreplaceable advantages. This paper focuses on the sensorless vector control of PMSMs with DWC. First, a comparison is made between the vector control of SWC and DWC. Next, the acquisition of phase currents in DWC is analyzed. Then, an improved adaptive sliding mode observer (IASMO) is proposed to achieve sensorless control of the PMSMs with DWC. Finally, simulations and experimental verifications are conducted on the proposed method. The results show that the improved sensorless algorithm can effectively enhance motor performance, reduce harmonic circulating currents in PMSMs with DWC, minimize motor torque fluctuations, and improve motor efficiency.
Intelligent early warning method of power grid failure events based on temporal convolutional neural networks and rule learning
Authors: Wang Yubo , Sun Na 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Power grid failure events may bring serious consequences to grid operations, such as power outages and equipment damage. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of intelligent early warnings of power grid failures and ensure safe power grid operation, this study investigates an early warning method of power grid failure events based on temporal convolutional neural networks (TCNN) and rule learning. The main factors influencing the occurrence of power grid failure events are analyzed. Relevant raw grid data are collected through the SCADA system. The TCNN, composed of a time series sampling network and a one-dimensional convolutional neural network, is constructed to predict power grid failure events. To address the issue of missing data in time series, the raw data of power grid failure events is transformed, and its dimensionality is increased. During model training, the Hebbian rule is introduced to improve the activity of the TCNN neurons, improving the accuracy and efficiency of the early warning model by combining it with the intelligent early warning process of power grid failure events. Experimental results indicate that after applying the proposed method, the intelligent early warning time is advanced by more than 3.5 minutes on average. The number of early warning misjudgments ranges from 0 to 3. These results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves good results in terms of early warning time, accuracy, and success rate of power grid failure events, offering more efficient, accurate, and stable early warning support for power grid operation and maintenance.
Bio-inspired interlocking metasurfaces
Authors: Bolmin Ophelia , Noell Philip J , Boyce Brad L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Interlocking metasurfaces (ILMs) are patterned arrays of mating features that enable the joining of bodies by constraining motion and transmitting force. They offer an alternative to traditional joining solutions such as mechanical fasteners, welds, and adhesives. This study explores the development of bio-inspired ILMs using a problem-driven bioinspired design (BID) framework. We develop a taxonomy of attachment solutions that considers both biological and engineered systems and derive conventional design principles for ILM design. We conceptualize two engineering implementations to demonstrate concept development using the taxonomy and ILM conventional design principle through the BID framework: one for rapidly assembled bridge truss members and another for modular microrobots. These implementations highlight the potential of BID to enhance performance, functionality, and tunability in ILMs.
Local policies and interventions to reduce a city’s carbon footprint using plant-based diets: bristol as a case study
Authors: Fernandez Roberto Rivera , Longhurst James , Barnes Jo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Net zero strategies are needed to mitigate the effects of the climate emergency. Food systems are responsible for one third of global GhG emissions. This study explores policies and interventions that can be applied at a local level to decarbonise the food system in the UK, using Bristol as a case study. Online elite interviews were conducted with 12 key stakeholders (policymakers, communities, and businesses). Through their lenses, potential interventions were identified that could promote behaviour change and enable a shift towards low-carbon plant-based diets in Bristol. Interventions are presented in an impact-effort matrix and include action on public procurement, community market gardens and food choice architecture. Although stakeholders think these interventions could be impactful, they also identified significant barriers, such as the need for specific subsidies/funding, resistance to change, and misinformation that will need to be overcome for the interventions to be implemented. The discussion provides examples of how each stakeholder group in the study could get involved to address the interventions proposed by the interviewees, concluding that further research is needed to explore the perspective of other key stakeholders (e.g. public) and different layers of governance (e.g. regional) to reach more holistic and comprehensive outcomes.
Forms, Elements and Modernity
Authors: Wollheim Richard 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Michael Podro (1931–2008) was a British art historian and aesthetician (of special note for Wollheim studies is his book Depiction (1998); the present piece is a response to ‘Formal Elements and Theories of Modern Art’, published in 1966 in The British Journal of Aesthetics). We include this not because of the positive views coming from Podro, but because of the germs detectable of what would become Wollheim’s view of pictorial organization, which is the focus of the three lectures which appear in Part I of this book: it is not possible generally and insightfully to conceive pictures according to compositional rules operating on elements or constituents—such schemes work at best only locally. Rather, the significance of an item sometimes depends quite drastically on what it represents.
Hearing the Requiem in 1837
Authors: Walker Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
After a lengthy series of logistical and bureaucratic missteps, the Requiem was heard for the first time at the Invalides in 1837. Audience members and music critics were eager to hear a work that had been in the making for some time, and curiosity abounded. Critics looked forward to hearing a work that was to be, at least for some, so religious that it might spur the reestablishment of a national school of sacred music. Did the Requiem live up to these expectations? What did the audience hear, and what was their response? This chapter follows the path of the Requiem from commission to premiere and engages with the long-held critical chestnut that music set for liturgical purposes must sound, in a word, sincere. Therein lay the crux of what audiences expected from Berlioz: how was the Requiem heard at its premiere, and how were those sounds analyzed by critics and the press soon thereafter?
Experiencing the Requiem
Authors: Walker Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Berlioz was a firm supporter of the July Monarchy and of Napoléon III, but he did not always share their ultra-Catholic convictions. He often questioned the Church’s dogma, but he never abandoned the Church’s affective potential. Instead, he consistently advocated for the dramatic potential of sacred music. For Berlioz, dramatic expression and religious sincerity were never mutually exclusive: often, they worked hand in hand with the rhetorics of the Romantic sublime and of contemporaneous theology. Careful readings of both nineteenth-century texts on the sublime and Berlioz’s writings on the subject reveal that the topic of the “sonorous sublime” deeply informed his understanding of how sacred music should sound and, in turn, the composition of the Requiem. Critics likewise heard the work in this way: a sonic rendering of the divine equally rooted in French theology, the ideologies of the Romantic sublime, and their symbiotic interactions.
Building the Requiem
Authors: Walker Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Berlioz’s aesthetic of sacred music held that music could be deemed sacred not only by means of its compositional style, but also by the way that it sounded in a sacred space. Indeed, his very understanding of sacred music was deeply indebted to the physical and acoustic spaces of Parisian cathedrals. This chapter explores Berlioz’s connection of sacred sound with sacred space. It positions him as a nineteenth-century forebear of what scholars have called an "aural architect." In its simplest manifestation, aural architecture can be defined as the composite of numerous surfaces, objects, and acoustics in a complex spatial environment. Though much attention has been paid to the so-called "architectural" elements of the Requiem, this chapter explores Berlioz’s conception of the relationships between architectural space, orchestral writing, and the aesthetics of sacred music. It also outlines how contemporaneous listeners heard the Requiem in relation to physical space. In the end, it reveals that, when heard in sacred spaces, the Requiem’s sonic idiodyncracies—its "theatricalities"—offered Parisian listeners a distinctly religious experience by virtue of the numerous interactions between acoustic sound and physical space.
It Depends on the Scale
Authors: Phillips Jonathan D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Landscapes exist and function at a vast range of spatial and temporal scales, from molecules to planets and from nanoseconds to billions of years. This chapter focuses on scale linkage, multiple scale causality, and scale contingency. Scale linkage is concerned with problems of connecting representations along that vast range of scales applicable to landscapes. Landscapes are influenced by a broad range of factors operating at scales both smaller and broader than the landscapes themselves (multiple scale causality), so that “first principles” may reside at levels other than the microscale. Scale contingency highlights the fact that the dominant controls over process-response relationships and system functions vary with spatial and temporal scale. The key issues of scale (in)dependence, scale hierarchies, and varying concepts of time in landscape sciences are addressed. Empirical examples of all these concepts are included.
Landscape Memory
Authors: Phillips Jonathan D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Earth systems and landscapes at any point in time depend on past events and are path-dependent and historically contingent. This chapter reviews the main types of historical contingency (inheritance, conditionality, and Bailey effects), along with ideas of historical contingency and memory in ecology, pedology, and geomorphology. These are linked to notions of succession, state transitions, and canalization. A typology of evolutionary pathways is outlined as part of an effort to explain why, despite the vast number of possible pathways, some are rarely or never and some frequently observed. Divergent vs. convergent evolution is discussed, along with the strengths, weaknesses, and robustness (path stability) of chronosequences. A case study of memory in the development of ravine swamps in the North Carolina coastal plain is given.
Conclusion
Authors: Dijkstra Hylke , von Allwörden Laura , Schütte Leonard , Zaccaria Giuseppe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter compares the results of the six case studies and provides an overview of the main findings. While international organizations (IOs) are now regularly challenged in ways that put their ability to perform core functions at risk, the case studies show that IOs and their institutional actors can be surprisingly proactive when their own organizations get challenged. They also show, however, that IO institutional actors respond differently to existential challenges. First, some of the institutional actors studied here tailored their responses to the different types of existential challenges. Second, the cases show that the ability of IO institutional actors to proactively formulate and implement strategic responses has been dependent on their own institutional features, notably their leadership. These are important findings when considering the broader research agenda on IOs and the crisis of multilateralism. The chapter concludes with reflections on the survival of IOs in the 21st century.
Meaning
Authors: Borg Emma , Fisher Sarah A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Our ability to see meaning in things, and to recognize the meaning those things have for others, is one of the most important aspects (indeed, perhaps the most important aspect) of human life. However, it is also one of the most mysterious. Where does meaning come from? Can we find a place for it in a naturalistic, scientific description of our world? What sorts of things can be the bearers of meaning? And how do we grasp the meanings others want to convey? This book explores these issues, focusing on the ways in which meaning arises in language, and showing how the decisions we make about meaning can have profound practical consequences.
Meaning and truth
Authors: Borg Emma , Fisher Sarah A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter broadens out the referential approach examined in Chapter 3, looking at how the meanings of whole sentences, not just individual words, could be explained in terms of their relationship to states of the world. The approaches examined in this chapter (often grouped together under the heading of ‘formal semantics’) make a fundamental assumption about the nature of meaning in language: namely, that it can be illuminated by thinking about the conditions required to make a sentence true. We put our words together, these approaches claim, in a way that provides a picture of reality; and meaning lies in that picturing of the world. This chapter explores the picturing metaphor and sees how advocates have argued that we need to uncover the underlying form or structure of natural language sentences, in order to show exactly how they make claims about the world.
Meaning and concepts
Authors: Borg Emma , Fisher Sarah A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter considers whether meaning comes from the ideas that people associate with signs. It starts by tracing this approach to the theory of names developed by Gottlob Frege, who argued that the way a person thinks about a referent forms part of the meaning of a name (so that the names ‘Marilyn Monroe’ and ‘Norma Jeane Mortenson’ can mean different things, even though they refer to one and the same person). The chapter then turns to a more general concept-based approach known as ‘conceptual role semantics’. According to this latter approach, the meaning of any word is given by its place in a network of ideas (so that e.g. ‘dog’ means what it does because people associate the word with ideas like barks and is a common pet). The chapter sees how the approach applies in the case of polysemous expressions (such as ‘chicken’ meaning both the living bird and the meat, or ‘school’ meaning both the building and the people who attend it), and it closes by asking whether we should view meaning in language as deriving from meaning in thought—or vice versa.
Meaning and intentions
Authors: Borg Emma , Fisher Sarah A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the idea that meaning lies in the thoughts speakers intend to convey. It begins with the philosopher Paul Grice’s insight that what we communicate often departs from the conventional meaning of the words and sentences we use, as when a speaker ironically says, ‘It is a lovely day’, and thus implies that it is actually a horrible day. So-called ‘implicatures’ cannot be decoded entirely linguistically; instead, we have to take account of all sorts of other things we know about people and the world. The chapter then considers a development of the intentionalist project, known as ‘Relevance Theory’, and explores how this diverges from an opposing position, ‘Semantic Minimalism’, which maintains that sentences express stable and complete meanings independently of speakers’ shifting intentions. The discussion then turns to the question of how an audience must think about a speaker’s intentions, in order to grasp the speaker’s meaning. The chapter ends by exploring how speakers perform actions with their utterances—an issue addressed by J. L. Austin and modern-day speech act theorists.