bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why learning organisations do not transform
Authors: Blackman Deborah , Henderson Steven 
Published: January 2005

PurposeIn this paper it is held that a transformational learning organisation could be clearly distinguished from non‐learning organisations. This paper seeks to establish whether or not this is actually the case.Design/methodology/approachCase studies were developed for two organisations considering themselves to be learning organisations (Company 2 and Company 4) and two that did not (Company 1 and Company 3). To establish the balance of the learning behaviours within the firms according to Shivistrava's typology, a questionnaire was used to elicit information about learning behaviours and activities, and general understanding about what such terms as knowledge, information and learning meant to individuals within the firms.FindingsThe results of applying the Shrivastava model showed that most knowledge is action‐oriented and incrementally developed, in that it is developed in order to achieve a certain goal. Certain events will lead to a perceived need for certain behaviours and the organisational procedures and policies will encourage actions.Originality/valueShrivastava's typology outlines four perspectives of organisational learning: adaptation, developing knowledge of action‐outcome relationships, assumption sharing, and institutionalised experience. These definitions imply that they will reflect different knowledge bases.
Leadership styles and organizational learning in community clinics
Authors: Amitay Mayan , Popper Micha , Lipshitz Raanan 
Published: January 2005

PurposeThe correlation between organizational unit managers’ leadership styles and the level of organizational learning in their units was tested.Design/methodology/approachA positive correlation was hypothesized between transformational leadership and organizational learning as manifested by organizational learning mechanisms – OLMs (the structural component) and by organizational learning values (the cultural component). The research was conducted at 44 community clinics of a health‐care organization in Israel.FindingsThe findings attested to the central role of organizational leaders in determining the effectiveness of organizational learning. The theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of the findings are discussed.Originality/valueSuggests that, in addition to separating the sources of reporting, and increasing the number of measures, future studies should also extend the research to different kinds of organizations, addressing different purposes, environments, work forces, and so forth.
Diagnosing and measuring learning organizations
Authors: Moilanen Raili 
Published: January 2005

PurposeTo explore and analyse various learning organizations and to attempt to outline the form of a holistic learning organization.Design/methodology/approachThe tool described in this article is a continuation of the work published in a Licentiate thesis in 1996 and developed further in a doctoral dissertation in 2001. The Learning Organization Diamond Tool is based on a holistic concept of a learning organization being regarded as a structure of related elements: driving forces, finding purpose, questioning, empowering and evaluation at two interconnected levels of individuals and the whole. Data from 686 respondents were gathered from 25 Finnish organizations in 1998.FindingsThe outcomes of the study are mainly presented in the form of imaginary diamonds complying with the basic framework. In 24 organizations the individuals placed more trust in themselves and their own learning than in their organization as a learning environment. When comparing different business sectors the variation on the organizational side was clearly greater than on the individual side.Originality/valueDeveloping a measurement instrument for learning organizations, administering it in practice, and analysing the “learning organization portrayals” created by this tool.
The current state and status of HRD research
Authors: Stewart Jim 
Published: January 2005

PurposeEstablishes a connection between the concepts of “learning organisation” and “human resources development”.Design/methodology/approachA brief and broad overview of the current state of human research development research.FindingsOne conclusion to be reached is that the subject is healthy. Another conclusion is that human resource development research is developing the potential to lead in fundamentally changing the nature of organisation, management and work. A final conclusion is that the concept of human resource development and that of the learning organisation have much in common.Originality/valueProvides possible links between the concepts of a learning organisation and human resource development.
An engineered chaperonin caging a guest protein: Structural insights and potential as a protein expression tool
Authors: Furutani Masahiro , Hata Jun‐Ichi , Shomura Yasuhito , Itami Keisuke , Yoshida Takao , Izumoto Yoshitaka , Togi Akiko , Ideno Akira , Yasunaga Takuo , Miki Kunio , Maruyama Tadashi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe structure of a chaperonin caging a substrate protein is not quite clear. We made engineered group II chaperonins fused with a guest protein and analyzed their structural and functional features. Thermococcus sp. KS‐1 chaperonin α‐subunit (TCP) which forms an eightfold symmetric double‐ring structure was used. Expression plasmids were constructed which carried two or four TCP genes ligated head to tail in phase and a target protein gene at the 3′ end of the linked TCP genes. Electron microscopy showed that the expressed gene products with the molecular sizes of ∼120 kDa (di‐TCP) and ∼230 kDa (tetra‐TCP) formed double‐ring complexes similar to those of wild‐type TCP. The tetra‐TCP retained ATPase activity and its thermostability was significantly higher than that of the wild type. A 260‐kDa fusion protein of tetra‐TCP and green fluorescent protein (GFP, 27 kDa) was able to form the double‐ring complexes with green fluorescence. Image analyses indicated that the GFP moiety of tetra‐TCP/GFP fusion protein was accommodated in the central cavity, and tetra‐TCP/GFP formed the closed‐form similar to that crystallographically resolved in group II chaperonins. Furthermore, it was suggested that caging GFP expanded the cavity around the bottom. Using this tetra‐TCP fusion strategy, two virus structural proteins (21–25 kDa) toxic to host cells or two antibody fragments (25–36 kDa) prone to aggregate were well expressed in the soluble fraction of Escherichia coli. These fusion products also assembled to double‐ring complexes, suggesting encapsulation of the guest proteins. The antibody fragments liberated by site‐specific protease digestion exhibited ligand‐binding activities.
Deamidation: Differentiation of aspartyl from isoaspartyl products in peptides by electron capture dissociation
Authors: Cournoyer Jason J. , Pittman Jason L. , Ivleva Vera B. , Fallows Eric , Waskell Lucy , Costello Catherine E. , O'Connor Peter B. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDeamidation of asparaginyl and isomerization of aspartyl residues in proteins proceed through a succinimide intermediate producing a mixture of aspartyl and isoaspartyl residues. Isoaspartic acid is an isomer of aspartic acid with the Cβ incorporated into the backbone, thus increasing the length of the protein backbone by one methylene unit. This post‐translation modification is suspected to contribute to the aging of proteins and to protein folding disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, so that differentiating the two isomers becomes important. This manuscript reports that distinguishing aspartyl from isoaspartyl residues in peptides has been accomplished by electron capture dissociation (ECD) using a Fourier transform mass spectrometer (FTMS). Model peptides with aspartyl residues and their isoaspartyl analogs were examined and unique peaks corresponding to cn•+58 and zℓ−n‐57 fragment ions (n, position of Asp; ℓ, total number of amino acids in the peptide) were found only in the spectra of the peptides with isoaspartyl residues. The proposed fragmentation mechanism involves cleavage of the Cα—Cβ backbone bond, therefore splitting the isoaspartyl residue between the two fragments. Also, a complementary feature observed specific to aspartyl residues was the neutral loss of the aspartic acid side chain from the charge reduced species. CAD spectra of the peptides from the same instrument demonstrated the improved method because previously published CAD methods rely on the comparison to the spectra of standards with aspartyl residues. The potential use of the top‐down approach to detect and resolve products from the deamidation of asparaginyl and isomerization of aspartyl residues is discussed.
Reversible self‐association of ovalbumin at air–water interfaces and the consequences for the exerted surface pressure
Authors: Kudryashova Elena V. , Visser Antonie J.W.G. , De Jongh Harmen H.J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this study the relation between the ability of protein self‐association and the surface properties at air–water interfaces is investigated using a combination of spectroscopic techniques. Three forms of chicken egg ovalbumin were obtained with different self‐associating behavior: native ovalbumin, heat‐treated ov‐albumin—being a cluster of 12–16 predominantly noncovalently bound proteins, and succinylated ovalbu‐min, as a form with diminished aggregation properties due to increased electrostatic repulsion. While the bulk diffusion of aggregated protein is clearly slower compared to monomeric protein, the efficiency of transport to the interface is increased, just like the efficiency of sticking to rather than bouncing from the interface. On a timescale of hours, the aggregated protein dissociates and adopts a conformation comparable to that of native protein adsorbed to the interface. The exerted surface pressure is higher for aggregated material, most probably because the deformability of the particle is smaller. Aggregated protein has a lower ability to desorb from the interface upon compression of the surface layer, resulting in a steadily increasing surface pressure upon reducing the available area for the surface layer. This observation is opposite to what is observed for succinylated protein that may desorb more easily and thereby suppresses the buildup of a surface pressure. Generally, this work demonstrates that modulating the ability of proteins to self‐associate offers a tool to control the rheological properties of interfaces.
Contribution of SO3 to the acid neutralizing capacity of Andosols exposed to strong volcanogenic acid and SO2 deposition
Authors: Delfosse T. , Delmelle P. , Iserentant A. , Delvaux B. 
Published: January 2005

SummarySoil response to acid and sulphur inputs is influenced largely by the soil's physico‐chemical properties. We studied the effects of such depositions in two types of Andosols exposed to volcanogenic emission (Masaya, Nicaragua), namely Eutric Andosols rich in allophanic constituents, and Vitric Andosols rich in volcanic glass. Small mineral reserves and large contents of secondary short‐range ordered minerals indicate a more advanced weathering of the Eutric than the Vitric Andosols. Strong correlations between soil specific surface and oxalate‐extractable Al, Si and Fe contents highlight the predominant contribution of short‐range ordered minerals to surface area.Both types of Andosols showed a decrease in pH upon acid input. Sulphur deposition increased the soil's S content to 5470 mg S kg−1. However, the acid neutralizing capacity of the soil solid phase (ANCs) was not significantly affected by the acid and S inputs. Non‐exchangeable (mineral reserve) and exchangeable cations and total contents of sulphur and phosphorus dictate most of the ANCs variation. In the Vitric Andosols, mineral reserves contributed up to 97% to these four additive pools, whereas the exchangeable cations accounted for 1–4%. In the Eutric Andosols, the contribution of mineral reserves was less (71–92%), but the exchangeable cation content was greater (1–20%), whereas the contribution of sulphur and phosphorus was significant at 1–15% and 2–7%, respectively. The main process involved in H+ consumption is mineral weathering in Vitric Andosols and ion exchange in Eutric Andosols.
Music improves sleep quality in older adults
Authors: Lai Hui‐Ling , Good Marion 
Published: January 2005

Aim. The aim of this paper is to report an investigation of the effects of soft music on sleep quality in older community‐dwelling men and women in Taiwan.Background. Sleep is a complex rhythmic state that may be affected by the ageing process. Few studies have focused on the effects of music, a non‐pharmacological method of improving the quality of sleep in older adults.Method. A randomized controlled trial was used with a two‐group repeated measures design.Sixty people aged 60–83 years with difficulty in sleeping were recruited through community leaders and screened using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Those reporting depression, cognitive impairment, medical or environmental problems that might interfere with sleep; and those who used sleeping medications, meditation, or caffeine at bedtime were excluded. Participants listened to their choice among six 45‐minute sedative music tapes at bedtime for 3 weeks. There were five types of Western and one of Chinese music. Sleep quality was measured with the PSQI before the study and at three weekly post‐tests. Groups were comparable on demographic variables, anxiety, depressive symptoms, physical activity, bedtime routine, herbal tea use, napping, pain, and pretest overall sleep quality.Results. Music resulted in significantly better sleep quality in the experimental group, as well as significantly better components of sleep quality: better perceived sleep quality, longer sleep duration, greater sleep efficiency, shorter sleep latency, less sleep disturbance and less daytime dysfunction (P = 0·04–0·001). Sleep improved weekly, indicating a cumulative dose effect.Conclusion. The findings provide evidence for the use of soothing music as an empirically‐based intervention for sleep in older people.
Understanding personal narratives: an approach to practice
Authors: Lea Gaydos H. 
Published: January 2005

Aim.  This paper explores the need for and nature of personal narratives and their relevance to nursing practice. It proposes that the co‐creative aesthetic process can be used to understand and co‐create personal narratives through an emphasis on self‐defining memories and metaphor.Background.  Many authors in nursing and other human sciences have recognized the need for and importance of personal narrative, its relationship to aesthetic knowing and its value in qualitative research and in practice. The role of memory and metaphor in the creation of meaning in personal narratives, however, has not been sufficiently explored in nursing literature.Discussion.  The nature of personal narrative is explored, focusing on the way meaning is created from self‐defining memories using metaphor. Then, the importance of personal narratives in nursing practice is considered, followed by discussion about how meaning in personal narratives may be co‐created between clients and nurses using an aesthetic process developed by the author.Conclusion.  The co‐creative aesthetic process is an example of nursing as art and can be used to co‐create personal narratives in practice. The experience of co‐creating a self story with a nurse can be healing, as the self story is heard by a caring person, memories are understood in new ways, and the self story is both confirmed and recreated.
Spiritual care nursing: what cancer patients and family caregivers want
Authors: Taylor Elizabeth Johnston , Mamier Iris 
Published: January 2005

Aim.  This paper presents findings from a study that was designed to understand, from the perspective of cancer patients and their family caregivers, what spiritual care is wanted from nurses.Background.  Distressing and transformative spiritual responses to living with cancer have been documented. Although there is momentum for providing spiritual care, previous research provides scanty and conflicting evidence about what are the clients’ wishes or preferences with regard to receiving spiritual care from nurses.Methods.  A convenience sample of 156 adult cancer patients and 68 primary family caregivers, most of whom were Christians, independently completed the Spiritual Interests Related to Illness Scale and a demographic form, both of which were self‐completed questionnaires.Results.  A variation in responses to items about nurses providing spiritual care therapeutics was observed; means and medians for these items mostly fell between 2 (disagree) and 3 (agree) on a scale of 1–4. Generally, therapeutics that were less intimate, commonly used, and not overtly religious were most welcomed. No significant differences were found between patient and caregiver preferences. A modest, direct correlation was observed between frequency of attendance at religious services and increased preference for nurse spiritual care.Conclusion.  For both patients and caregivers, nurses must be sensitive to providing spiritual nurture in ways that are welcomed.
Towards a typology of nursing turnover: the role of shocks in nurses’ decisions to leave
Authors: Morrell Kevin 
Published: January 2005

Aims.  The paper reports a study to explore the decision process nurses go through before leaving, focusing on leaving decisions that are precipitated by a single, jarring event or shock.Background.  Nursing turnover is a significant problem. Although a range of initiatives has been adopted to improve retention, recent insights from the academic literature on labour turnover have additional implications for how this problem might be managed.Method.  A structured questionnaire, with some open‐ended items, was used to collect data. For respondents who reported a shock (n = 153), responses were cluster analysed (hierarchical, agglomerative clustering generated a solution and k‐means clustering enhanced the solution). Clusters were validated using responses to open items.Results.  There were three broad clusters of nursing turnover: cluster 1 described nurses whose decision to leave was precipitated by a shock that was work‐related, negative and unexpected; cluster 2 described those whose decision was precipitated by a shock that was personal, positive and expected; cluster 3 describes those whose decision unfolded more gradually. Cluster 3 described the conventional picture of how turnover occurs (i.e where there is no shock), whereas clusters 1 and 2 were evidence of different types, where a shock prompts the quitting.Conclusion.  In many cases of nurse turnover, a single, jarring event, or shock, initiates thoughts of quitting. Understanding the role of shocks has implications for a range of management activities. Allocation of education, promotion and distribution of other benefits should be managed in such a way as to minimize the likelihood of shocks. Profiling of nurse leavers should be undertaken so that managers have an accurate and detailed picture of turnover.
Healing diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers: are we getting better?
Authors: Margolis D. J. , Allen‐Taylor L. , Hoffstad O. , Berlin J. A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAim  To benchmark by year the likelihood that an individual with a diabetic neuropathic foot ulcer will heal over more than a 10‐year period.Patients and methods  A cohort study within a multicentre wound care network of individuals with a diabetic neuropathic foot ulcer who were treated by a standard wound care algorithm. The main outcome was a healed wound by the 20th week of care stratified by calendar year.Results  We evaluated 27 193 individuals with a neuropathic foot ulcer. Between 1988 and 1990 approximately 66% of patients did not heal. By 1999 this percentage had decreased to 49%. The change in the rate of failure to heal is very closely associated with an increase over time in the proportion of patients seen with wounds identified as prognostically favourable using a previously published prognostic model (i.e. individuals with wounds ≤ 2 cm2, wounds ≤ 2 months old, and wounds of grade ≤ 2). Nevertheless, even among those most likely to heal, the likelihood of failing to heal went from 62% prior to 1991 to 32% in 2000.Conclusions  We have shown that individuals with a diabetic neuropathic foot ulcer seeking care are more likely to heal today than 10 years ago. The primary reason for this improvement is that individuals are seeking care when their wounds are most easily treated and these are now more likely to heal.
Controlling the diabetes epidemic: how should we screen for undiagnosed diabetes and dysglycaemia?
Authors: Simmons D. , Thompson C. F. , Engelgau M. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAims  To compare the detection of undiagnosed diabetes and dysglycaemia (impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, diabetes) using risk factors and laboratory measures of glycaemia.Methods  Casual blood glucose samples were taken from 1899 (69.4% of 2737 invited) European, Maori and Pacific Islands subjects aged 40–79 years from randomly selected households in South Auckland, New Zealand. Of these, 534 attended for a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) if an elevated result was identified [327/478 (68.4%)] or if randomly selected with a ‘normal’ screening result [207/308 (67.2%)].Results  Several Europeans with undiagnosed diabetes (25.0%) and dysglycaemia (31.4%) had no diabetes risk factors. Most Maori and Pacific Islanders had at least one risk factor. The area under the receiver operating curve (ROC) for the detection of undiagnosed diabetes was 0.92 (0.89–0.95) using fasting glucose, 0.86 (0.82–0.90) using HbA1c, 0.75 (0.69–0.80) using random glucose, but 0.60 (0.55–0.66) using risk factor screening. The ROC for detecting any dysglycaemia was 0.88 (0.85–0.90), 0.68 (0.64–0.71), 0.72 (0.69–0.75), 0.61 (0.58–0.65), respectively. Screening using fasting glucose (the best test) detected 90.4% of new diabetes and 78.4% of dysglycaemia; risk factor screening followed by fasting glucose detected significantly less cases [88 (82–93)% and 86 (82–89)%, respectively] with 9.2% less OGTTs.Conclusions  Using risk factors for the identification of who should receive a blood test for dysglycaemia adds little to direct screening with the risk of missing some with significant hyperglycaemia. Screening for dysglycaemia may best be undertaken using blood tests without initial risk factor symptom screening.