bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pre-rule for the sequential probability ratio test in a between-item grid multidimensional computerized classification test
Authors: Hu Po-Hsien , Shih Ching-Lin , Chen Cheng-Te 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The measurement efficiency of a grid multidimensional computerized classification test (grid MCCT), which makes a classification decision per dimension, can be improved by taking the correlations between the dimensions into account in the termination criterion. The higher the correlations, the better the improvement in measurement efficiency. However, a termination criterion utilizing inter-dimensional information (i.e., SPRT-C; Liu et al., 2022) was found to yield lower levels of correct classification rates than not utilizing it (i.e., SPRT-SF; Seitz & Frey, 2013) under the between-item grid MCCT when the cutoff was set at the mean of the latent trait distribution. This study proposes a pre-rule to determine whether the SPRT-SF or SPRT-C should be used during the process of classification test administration. Through a series of simulation studies, the results showed that our proposed method (called P-SPRT) can substantially improve upon the SPRT-C in terms of correct classification rates, while maintaining its high measurement efficiency in terms of test length. This paper concludes with a discussion of the findings and further applications.
New Ultracool Companions to Nearby White Dwarfs
Authors: Bravo Alexia , Schneider Adam C. , Casewell Sarah , Rothermich Austin , Faherty Jacqueline K. , French Jenni R. , Bickle Thomas P. , Meisner Aaron M. , Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Kuchner Marc J. , Burgasser Adam J. , Marocco Federico , Debes John H. , Sainio Arttu , Gramaize Léopold , Kiwy Frank , Jałowiczor Peter A. , Abdullahi Awab 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We conducted a search for new ultracool companions to nearby white dwarfs using multiple methods, including the analysis of colors and examination of images in both the optical and the infrared. Through this process, we identified 51 previously unrecognized systems with candidate ultracool companions. 31 of these systems are resolved in at least one catalog, and all but six are confirmed as comoving companions via common proper motion and consistent parallax measurements (when available). We have followed up four comoving companions with near-infrared spectroscopy and confirm their ultracool nature. The remaining twenty candidates are unresolved, but show clear signs of infrared excess which is most likely due to the presence of a cold, low-mass companion or a dusty circumstellar disk. Three of these unresolved systems have existing optical spectra that clearly show the presence of a cool stellar companion to the white dwarf primary via spectral decomposition. These new discoveries, along with our age estimates for the primary white dwarfs, will serve as valuable benchmark systems for future characterization of ultracool dwarfs.
H-AMR FORGE’d in FIRE. I. Magnetic State Transitions, Jet Launching, and Radiative Emission in Super-Eddington, Highly Magnetized Quasar Disks Formed from Cosmological Initial Conditions
Authors: Kaaz Nicholas , Liska Matthew , Tchekhovskoy Alexander , Hopkins Philip F. , Jacquemin-Ide Jonatan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Quasars are powered by supermassive black hole (SMBH) accretion disks, yet standard thin disk models are inconsistent with many observations. Recently, P. F. Hopkins et al. simulated the formation of a quasar disk feeding an SMBH of mass M = 1.3 × 107
M
⊙ in a galaxy. The disk had surprisingly strong toroidal magnetic fields that supported it vertically from gravity and powered rapid accretion. What feedback can such a system produce? To answer this, we must follow the gas to the event horizon. For this, we interpolated the quasar into the general-relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamics code H-AMR and performed 3D simulations with BH spins a = 0 and a = 0.9375. This remapping generates magnetic monopoles, which we erase using a novel divergence cleaning approach. Despite the toroidal magnetic field's dominance at large radii, vertical magnetic flux builds up near the event horizon, leading to a magnetic state transition within the inner 200 gravitational radii of the disk. This powers strong winds and, for spinning BHs, relativistic jets that can spin down the BH within 5−10 Myr. Sometimes, vertical magnetic fields of opposite polarity reach the BH, causing a polarity inversion event that briefly destroys the jets and, possibly, the X-ray corona. These strong fields power accretion at rates 5× the Eddington limit, which can double the BH mass in 5–10 Myr. When a = 0.9375 (a = 0), the energy in mechanical outflows and radiation equals about 60% (10%) and 100% (3%) of the accreted rest mass energy, respectively. Much of the light escapes in cool, ≳1300 au photospheres, consistent with quasar microlensing and spectral energy distributions.
Fast-rotating A- and F-type Stars with Hα Emissions in NGC 3532: Candidate UV-dim Stars?
Authors: He 贺 Chenyu 辰昱 , Li 李 Chengyuan 程远 , Li 李 Gang 刚 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Extended main-sequence stars that are dim in the ultraviolet passbands of the Hubble Space Telescope (UV-dim stars) are found in several young and intermediate-age star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds (MCs). The obscuring of the dust in the disks of stars expelled as a result of fast rotation has been suggested to be responsible for the appearance of UV-dim stars and to play an important role in the formation of extended main sequences. In this paper, we report a population of A- and F-type stars that show Hα emission features in their spectra in the young (~340 Myr old) neighboring Galactic star cluster NGC 3532. By fitting the observed absorption profiles, we found that most Hα emitters are fast-rotating stars, indicating that they form decretion disks by fast rotation like Be stars. As A- and F-type stars dominate the extended main-sequence turnoff regions of intermediate-age clusters, their appearance provides observational evidence to support the dust extinction scenario for these clusters, and they might be the counterparts of UV-dim stars that are detected in remote MC star clusters such as NGC 1783.
HCG 57: Evidence for Shock-heated Intergalactic Gas from X-Rays and Optical Emission Line Spectroscopy
Authors: O’Sullivan Ewan , Appleton P. N. , Joshi B. A. , Lanz Lauranne , Alatalo Katherine , Vrtilek Jan M. , Zezas Andreas , David Laurence P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray observations of the compact group HCG 57, and optical integral field spectroscopy of the interacting galaxy pair HCG 57A/D. These two spiral galaxies recently suffered an off-axis collision with HCG 57D passing through the disk of A. We find evidence of a gas bridge linking the galaxies, containing ∼108
M
⊙ of hot, ∼1 keV thermal plasma and warm ionized gas radiating in Hα, Hβ, [O iii] and [N ii] lines. The optical emission lines in the central regions of HCG 57D show excitation properties consistent with H ii-regions, while the outer rim of HCG 57D parts of the bridge and the outer regions of HCG 57A show evidence of shocked gas consistent with shock velocities of 200–300 km s−1. In contrast, the X-ray emitting gas requires a collision velocity of 650–750 km s−1 to explain the observed temperatures. These different shock velocities can be reconciled by considering the contributions of rotation to collision velocity in different parts of the disks, and the clumpy nature of the preshock medium in the galaxies, which likely lead to different shock velocities in different components of the turbulent postshocked gas. We examine the diffuse X-ray emission in the group members and their associated point sources, identifying X-ray active galactic nuclei in HCG 57A, B, and D. We also confirm the previously reported ∼1 keV intra-group medium and find it to be relaxed with a low central entropy (18.0 ± 1.7 keV cm2 within 20 kpc) but a long cooling time (5.9 ± 0.8 Gyr).
Exploring the Evolution of a Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy with SPH Simulations. II. AGN Feedback
Authors: Hazenfratz Roberto , Barai Paramita , Lanfranchi Gustavo A. , Caproni Anderson 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback from an intermediate-mass black hole at the center of a dwarf spheroidal galaxy, by performing isolated galaxy simulations using a modified version of the GADGET-3 code. We consider Leo II (PGC 34176) in the Local Group as our simulation reference model. Beginning with black hole seeds ranging from 103−106
M
⊙, our simulations focus on comparing stellar/SN-only feedback with AGN+stellar/SN feedback over 13.7 Gyr of galactic evolution. Our results indicate that a low-mass AGN in a dwarf galaxy influences the star formation history under specific physical conditions. While AGN feedback is generally negative on star formation, instances of positive feedback were also identified. Despite measurable effects on the evolution of the dwarf host galaxy, black hole seeds exhibited only marginal growth. We tested several physical scenarios as modified models in our simulations, primarily concerning the dynamics of the central black holes, which may wander within dwarf galaxies rather than being centrally located. However, none of these adjustments significantly impacted the growth of the black hole seeds. This suggests that intermediate-mass black holes may struggle to achieve higher masses in isolated environments, with mergers and interactions likely playing crucial roles in their growth. Nevertheless, AGN feedback exhibited nonnegligible effects in our simulated dwarf spheroidal galaxies, despite the assumed dominant role of stellar feedback in the low-mass regime.
Black Hole Accretion and Spin-up through Stellar Collisions in Dense Star Clusters
Authors: Kıroğlu Fulya , Kremer Kyle , Biscoveanu Sylvia , González Prieto Elena , Rasio Frederic A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dynamical interactions in dense star clusters could significantly influence the properties of black holes, leaving imprints on their gravitational-wave signatures. While previous studies have mostly focused on repeated black hole mergers for spin and mass growth, this work examines the impact of physical collisions and close encounters between black holes and (noncompact) stars. Using Monte Carlo N-body models of dense star clusters, we find that a large fraction of black holes retained upon formation undergo collisions with stars. Within our explored cluster models, the proportion of binary black hole mergers affected by stellar collisions ranges from 10%–60%. If all stellar-mass black holes are initially nonspinning, we find that up to 40% of merging binary black holes may have components with dimensionless spin parameter χ ≳ 0.2 because of prior stellar collisions, while typically about 10% have spins near χ = 0.7 from prior black hole mergers. We demonstrate that young star clusters are especially important environments, as they can produce collisions of black holes with very massive stars, allowing for significant spin-up of the black holes through accretion. Our predictions for black hole spin distributions from these stellar collisions highlight their sensitivity to accretion efficiency, underscoring the need for detailed hydrodynamic calculations to better understand the accretion physics following these interactions.
Reverberation Evidence for Stream Collision and Delayed Disk Formation in Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Guo 郭 Hengxiao 恒潇 , Sun 孙 Jingbo 静泊 , Li Shuangliang , Jiang 姜 Yan-Fei 燕飞 , Wang Tinggui , Bu Defu , Jiang Ning , Wang Yanan , Yao Yuhan , Shen Rongfeng , Gu Minfeng , Sun Mouyuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
When a star passes through the tidal disruption radius of a massive black hole (BH), it can be torn apart by the tidal force of the BH, known as the tidal disruption event (TDE). Since the observed UV/optical luminosity significantly exceeds the predictions of the compact disk model in classical TDE theory, two competing models, stream collision and envelope reprocessing, have been proposed to address this discrepancy. To distinguish between these models, we investigated the continuum reverberation behaviors for ~30 TDEs with high-quality multiband light curves. We found that over half of them exhibit a positive lag by a few days in UV/optical bands, indicating that their inferred sizes are significantly larger than the envelope sizes in reprocessing. Moreover, X-ray emissions are not only significantly delayed relative to the primary UV/optical peak but also lag behind the rebrightening bump by up to several tens of days, completely different from the X-ray illumination reprocessing. Additionally, the anticorrelated UV−optical continuum in ASASSN-15lh further disfavors the reprocessing scenario. In contrast, the model of stream collisions, combined with delayed accretion disk formation, can provide a unified explanation for the diverse TDE observations, e.g., the optical/X-ray population and the frequently observed rebrightening bump. This model describes a unification scheme wherein the UV/optical emission originates from stream collisions during the early stage of TDE evolution and gradually transitions to being dominated by a accretion disk with detectable X-ray emission in the late stage. After transitioning to a quiescent state, recurrent flares may be observed in some cases, possibly related to repeating partial TDEs.
Secular Perturbations from Exterior Giants Strongly Influence Gap Complexity in Peas-in-a-pod Exoplanetary Systems
Authors: Livesey Joseph R. , Becker Juliette 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
It has been demonstrated that systems of tightly packed inner planets with giant exterior companions tend to have less regular orbital spacings than those without such companions. We investigate whether this observed increase in the gap complexity of the inner systems can be explained solely as the result of secular dynamics caused by the disturbing potential of the exterior companions. Amplification of mutual orbital inclinations in the inner system due to such secular dynamics may lead to the inner system attaining nonmutually transiting geometries, thereby creating artificial observed gaps that result in a higher calculated gap complexity. Using second-order secular theory, we compute time-averaged observed gap complexities along a favorable line of sight for a set of hypothetical systems, both with and without an outer giant. We find that these secular interactions can significantly contribute to the observed gap complexity dichotomy in tightly packed multiple-planet systems.
Quasi-parallel Antisunward-propagating Whistler Waves Associated with the Electron Deficit in the Near-Sun Solar Wind: Particle-in-cell Simulation
Authors: Micera Alfredo , Verscharen Daniel , Coburn Jesse T. , Innocenti Maria Elena 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In situ observations of the solar wind have shown that the electron velocity distribution function (VDF) consists of a quasi-Maxwellian core, comprising most of the electron population, and two sparser components: the halo, which are suprathermal and quasi-isotropic electrons, and an escaping beam population, the strahl. Recent Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and Solar Orbiter (SO) observations have added one more ingredient to the known nonthermal features, the deficit—a depletion in the sunward region of the VDF, already predicted by exospheric models but never so extensively observed. By employing particle-in-cell simulations, we study electron VDFs that reproduce those typically observed in the inner heliosphere and investigate whether the electron deficit may contribute to the onset of kinetic instabilities. Previous studies and in situ observations show that strahl electrons drive oblique whistler waves unstable, which in turn scatters them. As a result, suprathermal electrons can occupy regions of phase space where they fulfill resonance conditions with the parallel-propagating whistler wave. The suprathermal electrons lose kinetic energy, resulting in the generation of unstable waves. The sunward side of the VDF, initially depleted of electrons, is gradually filled, as this wave−particle interaction process, triggered by the depletion itself, takes place. Our findings are compared and validated against current PSP and SO observations: among others, our study provides a mechanism explaining the presence in the heliosphere of regularly observed parallel antisunward whistler waves, suggests why these waves are frequently observed concomitant with distributions presenting an electron deficit, and describes a noncollisional heat flux regulating process.
Uncorrelated Estimations of H0 Redshift Evolution from DESI Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Observations
Authors: Jia X. D. , Hu J. P. , Yi S. X. , Wang F. Y. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) collaboration recently released the first-year data of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs). Based on the five different tracers, the cosmological constraint shows a hint of deviation from the standard ΛCDM model. In this Letter, we combine the DESI BAOs with other cosmic probes to constrain the evolution of the Hubble constant as a function of redshift in the flat ΛCDM model. The nonparametric method is used to estimate the value of the Hubble constant at different redshift bins. The correlations among different bins are removed by diagonalizing the covariance matrix. The joint data sample demonstrates a decreasing trend of the Hubble constant with a significance of 6.4σ, which can naturally resolve the Hubble tension. To avoid statistical effects caused by the binning methods, we tested three other different binning methods and also found a decreasing trend. It may be due to dynamical dark energy or modified gravity.
Will Nanodust Reappear in STEREO/WAVES Data?
Authors: Meyer-Vernet Nicole 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nanodust particles produced near the Sun by collisional breakup of larger grains are accelerated in the magnetised solar wind and reach high speeds outwards of 1 au. Vaporisation and ionization of fast dust grains impacting a spacecraft produce voltage pulses on wave instruments that enable them to act as dust detectors. Wave instruments on STEREO and on Cassini during its cruise phase detected a highly variable flux of fast nanodust. Both detections took place when the orientation of the solar magnetic dipole produced an interplanetary electric field that focused nanoparticles towards the heliospheric current sheet—a geometry that is recurring because of the periodicity of solar activity.
Exploring the performance of ChatGPT for numerical solution of ordinary differential equations
Authors: Koceski Saso , Koceska Natasa , Koceva Lazarova Limonka , Miteva Marija , Zlatanovska Biljana 
Published: January 2025

This study aims to evaluate ChatGPT’s capabilities in certain numerical analysis problem: solving ordinary differential equations. The methodology which is developed in order to conduct this research takes into account the following mathematical abilities (defined according to National Centre for Education Statistics): Conceptual Understanding, Procedural Knowledge, Problem Solving, and Application in Real-world Contexts. The outcomes demonstrate that ChatGPT’s performed very well for the set tasks, and it also gives promising results for programming code generation, with certain limitations. The effectiveness and accuracy of the answers and solutions obtained by ChatGPT are related to the type of equation, i.e., how complex it is, and also with the instructions we give to ChatGPT. It also requires further improvement of the machine learning model and the ability to provide an explanation of how the output was obtained.
Community of Inquiry-Guided Design of Asynchronous Online Continuing Professional Development for Pediatric Nurses
Authors: Davis Clare , Posey Laurie , Mtolo Nonhlanhla , Webber Ilana , White Lee-Ann , Coetzee Minette 
Published: January 2025

Background
Nurses play a pivotal role in the provision of health care for children across Africa. With limited pediatric nursing content in undergraduate nursing programs and few available pediatric postgraduate nursing programs, there is a need for additional continuing professional development opportunities to prepare nurses with the knowledge, skills, and confidence needed to care for children.

Method
To address this need, and mindful of the unique profile of potential participants, the Children's Nursing Development Unit at the University of Cape Town developed a suite of asynchronous short online courses. Course design was grounded in the Community of Inquiry framework, a widely adopted and researched framework that integrates cognitive, social, and teaching presences for optimal online learning.

Results
This article illustrates how the three Community of Inquiry presences were integrated into the courses.

Conclusion

As evidenced by the examples, nurse educators effectively used the Community of Inquiry framework to create deep and meaningful learning experiences in an asynchronous online professional development program for pediatric nurses.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2025;56(2):63–69.]
Effect of Assertive Communication Training on the Confidence of New Graduate Nurses
Authors: Zwilling Elizabeth A. , Osborne Jason W. 
Published: January 2025

Background
New graduate nurses (NGNs) often face challenges during conflicts with health care providers, fellow nurses, and patients.

Method
A pilot educational session was created to address conflict challenges in communication. The session discussed assertive communication, communication tools to be used in practice, and video simulations with standardized clients.

Results
A total of 17 NGNs in a transition to practice program completed the pretest, educational session, and posttest measuring confidence in managing conflicts. The NGNs rated their belief in their ability to be assertive in communication, and a significant improvement in confidence was seen from pre- to posttest. Specifically, NGNs reported an 18.03% increase in confidence when discussing difficult care decisions with health care providers and a 20.07% increase when discussing decisions with more experienced nurses. Posttest qualitative vignettes supported these quantitative findings, highlighting NGNs' growing confidence in advocating for patient care concerns.

Conclusion

Educational interventions similar to this one may benefit other transition to practice programs and prelicensure nursing programs.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2025;56(2):71–77.]
La stratification sociale des campagnes de l’Ouest : le cas du Haut-Maine / de la Sarthe, 1720-1815
Authors: Musset Benoît 
Published: January 2025

Les sociétés rurales de l’Ouest, marquées par un système de polyculture orienté vers l’élevage, sont caractérisées par l’existence d’une vaste classe d’exploitants agricoles moyens, appelés bordagers (Sarthe), bordiers ou encore closiers. Néanmoins, la société rurale, composée de deux autres catégories de travailleurs de la terre (les journaliers et les laboureurs), est très inégalitaire. La majorité des terres est possédée par le clergé, la noblesse, les bourgeois des villes mais aussi par beaucoup de petits rentiers ruraux. Les 10 % les plus riches voient leur part du patrimoine immobilier et mobilier croître dans les années 1760-1815, s’appropriant 65 % du total. Les bordagers forment en effet une classe moyenne, exposée à la domination économique des laboureurs, qui louent les plus belles exploitations (métairies) et occupent une position dominante dans le monde agricole. Les journaliers forment quant à eux un prolétariat rural, fragile et mobile. Ces catégories sociales rurales ont parfois des intérêts divergents, qui se manifestent durant les débuts de la Révolution.