bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additively Manufactured Functionally Graded Lattices: Design, Mechanical Response, Deformation Behavior, Applications, and Insights
Authors: Noronha J. , Dash J. , Leary M. , Watson M. , Qian M. , Kyriakou E. , Brandt M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFlora and fauna have evolved to distribute their structural mass efficiently in response to their environment. Inspired by this structural efficiency, functionally graded lattices (FGL) are an emerging subset of non-uniform lattices that employ density gradients for a function-driven mechanical response. These gradients are controlled by stepwise or continuous changes in the geometry or topology of the lattice unit cells. FGLs have the capacity for multifunctionality, facilitating high compliance and energy absorption, or moderate strength and stiffness depending upon the specific gradient. These novel lattice structures have been utilized for a range of applications, including biomimetic implants, heat dissipation, and impact absorption. The fabrication of FGLs with complex internal topologies is facilitated through additive manufacturing (AM) using materials such as metals, polymers, and composites. The mechanical properties of these lattices have been examined through compressive testing. The elastic modulus and the yield stress are reported to range from 0.009 GPa to 6.0 GPa, and from 0.38 MPa to 424 MPa for relative densities between 10% and 80%, respectively. Energy absorption is reported to supersede conventional uniform lattices by up to 30%. By accumulating and assessing the mechanical, geometric, and topological data from the FGL literature, this review will systematically classify and explore the viability of these novel structures for real-world applications.
Learning from Persistent Viremia: Mechanisms and Implications for Clinical Care and HIV-1 Cure
Authors: Wu Fengting , Simonetti Francesco R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
In this review, we discuss what persistent viremia has taught us about the biology of the HIV-1 reservoir during antiretroviral therapy (ART). We will also discuss the implications of this phenomenon for HIV-1 cure research and its clinical management.

Recent Findings
While residual viremia (RV, 1–3 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml) can be detected in most of people on ART, some individuals experience non-suppressible viremia (NSV, > 20–50 copies/mL) despite optimal adherence. When issues of drug resistance and pharmacokinetics are ruled out, this persistent virus in plasma is the reflection of virus production from clonally expanded CD4+ T cells carrying proviruses. Recent work has shown that a fraction of the proviruses source of NSV are not infectious, due to defects in the 5′-Leader sequence. However, additional viruses and host determinants of NSV are not fully understood.

Summary
The study of NSV is of prime importance because it represents a challenge for the clinical care of people on ART, and it sheds light on virus-host interactions that could advance HIV-1 remission research.
Where does culture belong at school? Exploring the role of individualism and power distance in school belonging across cultures
Authors: G Johnson Rebecca , Allen Kelly-Ann , Gallo Cordoba Beatriz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract The relationship between culture and school belonging has rarely been examined relative to student and school-level factors. This study explored whether culture, measured through individualism and power distance, plays a role in school belonging across countries. The study, designed to separate the effects of within-school teacher support from country-level effects, was conducted on a cross-cultural sample of 413,575 students drawn from 53 countries. Initial analysis of the 2018 PISA survey data and Hofstede's cultural dimensions suggested that individualism and teacher support were negatively associated, whereas power distance was positively associated with teacher support. However, although higher teacher support was linked with higher levels of belonging, both culture measures had a negative total association with belonging. Further analysis indicated that teacher support was positively associated with belonging within schools, while at a country level, students reported lower levels of belonging in countries with higher teacher support. The overall negative relationship between power distance and belonging could be attributed to the negative indirect effect of country-level teacher support. Moreover, results showed that students' perception of cooperation at school, experiences of bullying, and perceptions of a disruptive disciplinary climate were all significant predictors of school belonging. Findings also indicated that individualism and power distance at the country level also had significant effects on school belonging. These findings underscore the need for multifaceted interventions to improve school belonging. This includes enhancing teacher support, fostering a cooperative school environment, mitigating bullying, and advocating for equitable education policies with full consideration of context-specific implications. This study illuminates the complex interplay between school belonging, teacher support, and cultural factors, emphasising the importance of distinguishing between within-school and country-level effects.
How does the experience of shame impact body dysmorphic symptomatology? Exploring the role of mindfulness and body image-related cognitive fusion
Authors: Oliveira Maria Francisca , Coimbra Maria , Ferreira Cláudia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractShame has been considered a core component of body dysmorphia-related symptomatology. However, literature concerning the emotion regulation processes that underlie the association between these two constructs seems to be scarce. Therefore, the main aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the role that mindfulness and body image-related cognitive fusion has on the relationship between the experience of shame and body dysmorphia-related symptomatology Additionally, biological sex differences concerning the studied variables were explored. Three hundred and twenty-seven participants (male and female) above 18 years old completed an online survey with self-report measures to assess shame experiences, mindfulness, body image-related cognitive fusion and body dysmorphia-related symptoms. Results indicated that female participants presented higher body dysmorphia-related symptomatology when compared with males. A path analysis was conducted suggesting that, while controlling for the effect of age and BMI, the experience of shame had a direct effect on body dysmorphia-related symptomatology, as well as an indirect effect through mindfulness and body image-related cognitive fusion. This model presented a good fit, explaining 56% of the variance of body dysmorphia-related symptomatology. Also, findings from a multi-group path analysis revealed that the relationship between these variables is invariant across males and females. These findings have important research and clinical implications, supporting the importance of targeting mindfulness and cognitive defusion skills when working in the context of Body Dysmorphia.
Explicit Harmonic Self-maps of Complex Projective Spaces
Authors: Balado-Alves José Miguel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe study $$ { \textrm{SU}( p + 1 ) \times \textrm{SU}( n - p ) } $$

SU
(
p
+
1
)
×
SU
(
n
-
p
)

-equivariant maps between complex projective spaces. For every $$ { n, p \in \mathbb {N}} $$

n
,
p
∈
N

with $$ { 0 \le p < n } $$

0
≤
p
<
n

, we construct two explicit families of uncountable many harmonic self-maps of $$ \mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^{n}$$

C

P

n

, one given by holomorphic maps and the other by maps that are neither holomorphic nor antiholomorphic. We prove that each solution is equivariantly weakly stable and explicitly compute the equivariant spectrum for some specific maps in both families.
Vraag het je Grote Broers
Authors: Verhagen Marleen , van Loon Linda , Rots-de Vries Carin 
Published: November 2023

Samenvatting
Doel
Het verkennen van de ervaren effecten van het youth empowerment programma (YEP) Grote Broer op (empowerment van) de deelnemers.

Methode
Een verkennend kwalitatief onderzoek waarbij gebruik werd gemaakt van acht semigestructureerde individuele interviews en twee open groepsinterviews, met in totaal tien deelnemers binnen twee wijken van Breda. De topiclist voor de individuele interviews werd samengesteld aan de hand van de levensgebieden waarbinnen empowerment tot uiting kan komen. De data zijn met een combinatie van deductieve en inductieve analyse gestructureerd en gecodeerd.

Resultaten
De respondenten (deelnemers van Grote Broer) ervaren voornamelijk effecten op de volgende levensgebieden: sociale contacten en zingeving/burgerschap/persoonlijke levensstijl. Er komen enkele effecten naar voren op de levensgebieden dag- en vrijetijdsbesteding, opleiding/beroep/werk, gezondheid en woon- en leefomgeving. Op het levensgebied economische zelfstandigheid/financiële situatie komen vrijwel geen effecten naar voren.

Conclusie
In het algemeen werden de effecten van Grote Broer positief beoordeeld door de geïnterviewde deelnemers. Jongeren lijken hiermee in relatief korte tijd een groei in persoonlijke ontwikkeling door te maken. De positieve uitkomsten van dit onderzoek geven een basis aan (kwantitatief) vervolgonderzoek.
Prognostic clinical phenotypes associated with tumor stemness in the immune microenvironment of T-cell exhaustion for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Genhao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractT-cell exhaustion (TEX) and high heterogeneity of cancer stem cells (CSCs) are associated with progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we aim to characterize TEX-stemness-related genes (TEXSRGs) and screen for HCC patients who are more sensitive to immunotherapy. The immune cell abundance identifier (ImmuCellAI) was utilized to precisely evaluate the abundance of TEX and screen TEX-related genes. The stemness index (mRNAsi) of samples was analyzed through the one-class logistic regression (OCLR) algorithm. Application of the non-negative matrix decomposition algorithm (NMF) for subtype identification of HCC samples. The different subtypes were assessed for differences in prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME) landscape, and immunotherapy treatment response. Then, the TEXSRGS-score, which can accurately forecast the survival outcome of HCC patients, was built by LASSO-Cox and multivariate Cox regression, and experimentally validated for the most important TEXSRGs. We also analyzed the expression of TEXSRGs and the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in clinical samples using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Based on 146 TEXSRGs, we found two distinct clinical phenotypes with different TEX infiltration abundance, tumor stemness index, enrichment pathways, mutational landscape, and immune cell infiltration through the non-negative matrix decomposition algorithm (NMF), which were confirmed in the ICGC dataset. Utilizing eight TEXSRGs linked to clinical outcome, we created a TEXSRGs-score model to further improve the clinical applicability. Patients can be divided into two groups with substantial differences in the characteristics of immune cell infiltration, TEX infiltration abundance, and survival outcomes. The results of qRT-PCR and IHC analysis showed that PAFAH1B3, ZIC2, and ESR1 were differentially expressed in HCC and normal tissues and that patients with high TEXSRGs-scores had higher TEX infiltration abundance and tumor stemness gene expression. Regarding immunotherapy reaction and immune cell infiltration, patients with various TEXSRGs-score levels had various clinical traits. The outcome and immunotherapy efficacy of patients with low TEXSRGs-score was favorable. In conclusion, we identified two clinical subtypes with different prognoses, TEX infiltration abundance, tumor cell stemness index, and immunotherapy response based on TEXSRGs, and developed and validated a TEXSRGs-score capable of accurately predicting survival outcomes in HCC patients by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. We believe that the TEXSRGs-score has prospective clinical relevance for prognostic assessment and may help physicians select prospective responders in preference to current immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
How to design a value-based Chatbot for the manufacturing industry: An empirical study of an internal assistance for employees
Authors: Berger Patrick , von Garrel Joerg 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith regard to AI as a key technology, this scientific paper deals with the identification of user drivers on the purchase decision of a cooperative AI (as explainable AI—XAI), as well as the analysis of the willingness to pay in the context of value-based pricing. Besides the economic dimension with regard to usefulness and usability of the system, the focus is mainly on the (innovative) explainable character. The analysis is carried out by a choice-based conjoint analysis (CBC) using the example of an intelligent assistance system for employees that supports internal business processes and workflows in business organizations. For this purpose, fictitious purchase offers were created under which decision-makers in manufacturing business organizations in Germany made simulated purchase decisions. The analysis shows that the target group attach great utility value to transparency in the sense of explanatory content, in addition to a high degree of interactivity and a high level of reliability.
Operational envelope for planning cold flow production
Authors: Stanko Milan , Kvernland Martin , Lund Fredrik , Strømmegjerde Lars 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe paper presents a method to determine an operational envelope for the cold flow technology with respect to producing gas–oil ratio (GOR) and water cut (WC). The cold flow technology is a flow assurance method that enables cold production flow in thermal equilibrium with the seabed temperature. Cold flow converts hydrate and wax into dry, non-plugging microparticles inside a subsea cold flow unit downstream the wellhead. The small particles travel along with the liquid in the form of a slurry to the receiving host. The operational envelope shows that if the production flow reaches certain combinations of GOR and Wc, the hydrate volume fraction in liquid and consequently the slurry’s effective viscosity could be too high for pipe transportation. This paper also investigates the case when the slurry is transported with remaining water, where there might be some emulsion phenomena. Results show that this could reduce the operational region of the cold flow envelope, particularly for GOR–Wc values around the inversion point volume fraction. Therefore, water–slurry emulsification should also be taken into consideration when considering the operational envelope. If the hydrate–oil mixture is found to be too viscous to transport it can be resolved by, for example, removing water from the production flow upstream the cold flow unit. GOR–WC profiles from a real field case are over-imposed on the operational envelope to see the development during the field lifetime. Tieback costs for the cold flow technology are found to be 20–30% less than conventional methods for a 100 km tieback. The relative cost reduction increases with increasing tieback distance.
The Effect of Body-Focused Positive Psychology Interventions on Behavioural Intentions, Body Esteem, and Body Compassion
Authors: Dennis Amelia , Ogden Jane 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPositive psychology interventions increase well-being and some health outcomes. In this experimental study, we assessed three positive psychology interventions (nostalgia, gratitude, and best possible self (BPS) as a means to manage weight, diet and activity and increase body esteem. Participants (n = 178) who had gained weight during the pandemic were randomly assigned to one of four interventions: nostalgia, gratitude, BPS, or control. Participants completed pre- and post-intervention measures of behavioural intentions and body esteem, as well as outcome measures of body compassion and affect. The results showed significant differences by intervention for intention to lose weight, intention to diet, intention to exercise, body kindness, and positive and negative affect. The BPS intervention increased intention to lose weight, whereas the gratitude intervention increased intention to exercise, aspects of body compassion, positive affect, but reduced the intention to lose weight and negative affect. Overall, positive psychology interventions promote body compassion and positive health behaviour intentions and therefore may have the potential to help manage weight.
Social network analysis of manga: similarities to real-world social networks and trends over decades
Authors: Sugishita Kashin , Masuda Naoki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractManga, Japanese comics, has been popular on a global scale. Social networks among characters, which are often called character networks, may be a significant contributor to their popularity. We collected data from 162 popular manga that span over 70 years and analyzed their character networks. First, we found that many of static and temporal properties of the character networks are similar to those of real human social networks. Second, the character networks of most manga are protagonist-centered such that a single protagonist interacts with the majority of other characters. Third, the character networks for manga mainly targeting boys have shifted to denser and less protagonist-centered networks and with fewer characters over decades. Manga mainly targeting girls showed the opposite trend except for the downward trend in the number of characters. The present study, which relies on manga data sampled on an unprecedented scale, paves the way for further population studies of character networks and other aspects of comics.
Measuring social value orientation by model-based scoring
Authors: Mizuno Keiko , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study proposes a method of measuring social value orientation using model-based scoring and a task suitable for such scoring. We evaluated this method by means of parameter recovery simulation (Study 1), and we examined its retest reliability (Study 2) and its predictive validity (Study 3). The results indicate that the proposed method has low bias and sufficient predictive validity. While the improvement in predictive validity of altruism was negligible and comparable to previous scoring methods in terms of confidence intervals, the measurement of equality using the proposed model and task combination produced a moderate correlation that was not observed with other methods. Although SVO is a concept used primarily in psychology, the model assumed in this study is mathematically equivalent to a well-known economics model. We, therefore, suggest that this method may lead to cross-disciplinary research.
Generalization of graph network inferences in higher-order graphical models
Authors: Fei Yicheng , Pitkow Xaq 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProbabilistic graphical models provide a powerful tool to describe complex statistical structure, with many real-world applications in science and engineering from controlling robotic arms to understanding neuronal computations. A major challenge for these graphical models is that inferences such as marginalization are intractable for general graphs. These inferences are often approximated by a distributed message-passing algorithm such as Belief Propagation, which does not always perform well on graphs with cycles, nor can it always be easily specified for complex continuous probability distributions. Such difficulties arise frequently in expressive graphical models that include intractable higher-order interactions. In this paper we define the Recurrent Factor Graph Neural Network (RF-GNN) to achieve fast approximate inference on graphical models that involve many-variable interactions. Experimental results on several families of graphical models demonstrate the out-of-distribution generalization capability of our method to different sized graphs, and indicate the domain in which our method outperforms Belief Propagation (BP). Moreover, we test the RF-GNN on a real-world Low-Density Parity-Check dataset as a benchmark along with other baseline models including BP variants and other GNN methods. Overall we find that RF-GNNs outperform other methods under high noise levels.
Trends in frailty in brain tumor care during the COVID-19 pandemic in a nationwide hospital network in Germany
Authors: Hong Bujung , Allam Ali , Heese Oliver , Gerlach Rüdiger , Gheewala Hussain , Rosahl Steffen K. , Stoffel Michael , Ryang Yu-Mi , Burger Ralf , Carl Barbara , Kristof Rudolf A. , Westermaier Thomas , Terzis Jorge , Youssef Farid , Kuhlen Ralf , Hohenstein Sven , Bollmann Andreas , Dengler Julius 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Among brain tumor patients, frailty is associated with poor outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased frailty in the general population. To date, evidence on changes in frailty among brain tumor patients during the pandemic is lacking. We aimed to compare frailty among brain tumor patients in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic to the pre-pandemic era and to assess potential effects on brain tumor care.

Methods
In this retrospective observational study, we compared frailty among brain tumor patients hospitalized during the COVID-19 pandemic in years 2020 through 2022 to pre-pandemic years 2016 through 2019 based on administrative data from a nationwide network of 78 hospitals in Germany. Using the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS), frailty was categorized as low, intermediate, or high. We examined changes in frailty, patient demographics, the burden of comorbidity, rates of surgery, and mortality rates for different frailty groups during the pandemic and compared them to pre-pandemic levels.

Results
Of the 20,005 included hospitalizations for brain tumors, 7979 were during the pandemic (mean age 60.0 years (± 18.4); females: 49.8%), and 12,026 in the pre-pandemic period (mean age: 59.0 years [± 18.4]; females: 49.2%). Average daily admissions decreased from 8.2 (± 5.1) during pre-pandemic years to 7.3 (± 4.5) during the pandemic (p < 0.01). The overall median HFRS decreased from 3.1 (IQR: 0.9–7.3) during the pre-pandemic years to 2.6 (IQR: 0.3–6.8) during the pandemic (p < 0.01). At the same time, the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI) decreased from 17.0 (± 12.4) to 16.1 (± 12.0; p < 0.01), but to a larger degree among high compared to low frailty cases (by 1.8 vs. 0.3 points; p = 0.04). In the entire cohort, the mean length of stay was significantly shorter in the pandemic period (9.5 days [± 10.7]) compared with pre-pandemic levels (10.2 days [± 11.8]; p < 0.01) with similar differences in the three frailty groups. Rates of brain tumor resection increased from 29.9% in pre-pandemic years to 36.6% during the pandemic (p < 0.001) without differences between frailty levels. Rates of in-hospital mortality did not change during the pandemic (6.1% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.07), and there was no interaction with frailty.

Conclusion
Even though our findings are limited in that the HFRS is validated only for patients ≥ 75 years of age, our study among patients of all ages hospitalized for brain tumors in Germany suggests a marked decrease in levels of frailty and in the burden of comorbidities during the COVID-19 pandemic.