bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What do we know about the experiences of belonging for [Black] Africans in Australia? A systematic scoping review
Authors: Gatwiri Kathomi , James Samara 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBelonging is political. While it is a felt‐and‐embodied experience, it is also heavily mediated by power. For racially and culturally minoritised people, belonging is expressed in hidden, often racialised codes articulated through an “us and them” framework. Within this systematic scoping review, critical issues of belonging are made visible, indicating that belonging for Black Africans in Australia is a highly racialised and complex cultural experience and significantly impacts their sense of self, identity, agency, citizenship and participation, social integration and inclusion. This study found the core themes on experiences of belonging for this cohort, are: (1) Racialised (non)belonging, (2) Belonging as access, (3) Belonging as a civic process, (4) Belonging as an active process and (5) Re‐claiming belonging. In summary, Black African migrants experienced significant challenges with access to decent employment, housing, education, health services and relationships (including potential dating partners), which affected their sense of felt belonging. The literature showed that belonging for this group was a constant negotiation. It included constructing and reconstructing dual identities to accommodate their experiences of Australianness and Africanness while resisting labels that homogenised them. There was also an active process of building belonging through reclaiming places of community and dignity.
“Not just a new house”: The complexities of undoing institutional practices and identities in transitions to community living
Authors: Howard Amanda , Johnston Lou , Tseris Emma , Joseph Pam 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhile scholarship regarding the promises and challenges of deinstitutionalisation is expansive, less is known about deinstitutionalisation within the context of contemporary neoliberal disability policy frameworks. This article reports on a study exploring recent transitions from institutional to community living within the context of the highly contested National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) in Australia. The perspectives of family members and staff within disability services reveal diverse understandings of the transition. Thematic analysis identified multiple complexities, including hope simultaneously experienced alongside grief and loss, and the non‐linear processes involved in taking on new roles and identities. The study demonstrates that deinstitutionalisation is not constituted merely by a physical re‐location and that undoing institutional practices requires ongoing attention and resources. Significant concerns raised by participants relating to the impacts of privatisation, fragmented services and a casualised workforce disrupt simplistic thinking about the inevitability of social inclusion through deinstitutionalisation, particularly within neoliberal policy settings.
Social frailty and the incidence of motoric cognitive risk syndrome in older adults
Authors: Zhang Hui , Hu Zixin , Jiang Shuai , Hao Meng , Li Yi , Liu Yining , Jiang Xiao‐Yan , Jin Li , Wang Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONVarious associations between social factors and motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) have been reported. However, whether social frailty (integrated from multiple social factors) is associated with MCR is still unclear.METHODSWe included 4657 individuals without MCR at Round 1 of the NHATS as the discovery sample, and 3075 newly recruited individuals from Round 5 of the NHATS as the independent validation sample. Social frailty was assessed by five social items. MCR was defined as the presence of both subjective cognitive complaints and slow gait speed in individuals without dementia or mobility disability.RESULTSCompared with normal individuals, those with social frailty had higher risk of incident MCR (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34–1.84). Each additional unfavorable social item was associated with an increased risk of MCR (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.22–1.43).DISCUSSIONSocial frailty was associated with an increased risk of incident MCR in older adults.Highlights
Various associations between social factors and motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) have been reported.
Social frailty that integrated from multiple social factors was associated with an increased risk of incident MCR.
Social frailty should be included in the early screening of individuals to identify those at higher risk of MCR.
Stability and thermodynamic property of TiO2/R141b nanorefrigerants by multi‐objective optimization
Authors: Xing Ming , Zhai Yuling 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUtilizing nanorefrigerants as working fluids can significantly enhance the energy efficiency of low‐temperature waste heat recovery systems (≤ 50°C). Refrigerants with low viscosity and density require a substantial amount of surfactant to maintain a stable suspension of nanoparticles. However, the excessive use of surfactants, which have a notably low thermal conductivity, could lead to foam generation and reduce heat transfer coefficient. High viscosity lubricating oils with small amount of surfactant can prolong the stable suspension time and produce repulsive force. Therefore, a new combination of them improves the stability of TiO2/R141b nanorefrigerants. Additionally, viscosity and thermal conductivity of the nanorefrigerants were optimized using an implementation of a modified non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II). The results show that adding lubricating oil inhibits aggregation of the nanoparticles leading to a stable suspension for more than 6 h at volumetric mixing ratios (lubricating oil: refrigerant) greater than 1:30. The best dispersion stability was achieved at surfactant polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) mass ratio of 0.5, and the average absorbance value was increased by 65.45%. Compared with pure refrigerants, the thermal conductivity of TiO2/R141b (0.15 vol.%) nanorefrigerant was enhanced by up to 12.59% under the optimum mixing ratio. Moreover, the studied nanorefrigerants exhibited shear thickening behavior throughout the studied shear rate range, with increased non‐Newtonianization with decreasing temperature. Finally, the Pareto points were divided into three representative groups based on thermal conductivity and viscosity. These findings suggest enhanced high heat transfer efficiency with pumping power of nanorefrigerant in the waste heat recovery systems.
NIR‐Mediated Cu2O/Au Nanomotors for Synergistically Treating Hepatoma Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Xian Ting , Liu Yilin , Song Qingtao , Li Jing , Liu Wenjuan , Gu Zhongwei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe presented a NIR‐driven Janus Cu2O/Au nanomotor. The nanomotor has a truncated octahedral structure. By asymmetric Au evaporation, the light response range of Cu2O nanomotor is extended to near‐infrared range, and the speed of Cu2O/Au nanomotors under NIR is significantly increased. In promoting apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, except the nanotoxicity of Cu2O itself, the Au layer enhances the photothermal properties, allowing Cu2O/Au nanomotors to induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by heating them. On the other hand, a Schottky barrier formed at the interface of Cu2O and Au, preventing the recombination of electrons, which makes more electrons react with biomolecules to produce toxic ROS to kill hepatocellular cells. The killing rate of hepatocellular carcinoma cells reached 87 % by the combined effect of nanotoxicity inhibition of proliferation and photothermal & photodynamic therapy (PTT & PDT). Nanomotors in combination with multiple approaches are explored as a new treatment to tumor in this article.
A design proposal of finite‐time H∞ controller for stochastic mean‐field systems
Authors: Liu Xikui , Teng Yapeng , Li Yan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA design proposal of finite‐time
controller for stochastic mean‐field systems (MFSs), which are described by a Itô type differential equation, is presented in this paper. Firstly, based on
control theory and finite‐time control theory, three sufficient conditions, which ensure the MFS satisfies stochastic
finite‐time state feedback stabilization, are gained. Secondly, by decoupling correlation matrix inequalities, the state feedback controller (SFC) gains are obtained. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the large system of interacting particles can be approximated by MFS under certain conditions, and the controller design schemes proposed are feasible.
The citrus economy in Sicily in the early bioeconomy era: a case study for bioeconomy practitioners
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Angellotti Giuseppe , Luque Rafael , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSicily hosts a significant and ancient citrus agroindustry, which includes more than 42 000 farming companies and around 20 citrus fruit‐processing companies. This study critically analyzes the citrus economy in Sicily in the early bioeconomy era with the aim to identify outcomes of general relevance for bioeconomy researchers and bioeconomy company managers working towards the full valorization of Citrus crops. These practitioners include bioeconomy company managers who need additional education in which economic and management knowledge is merged with an understanding of science and technology.
Drivers of school choice: Primary school selection in a free choice context
Authors: Parma Andrea , Agasisti Tommaso , Ranci Costanzo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn Italy, parents are free to choose the primary school for their children without restrictions imposed by catchment areas. This freedom of choice, inspired by quasi‐market mechanisms, aims to foster competition between schools and raise educational standards. Analysing the case of Milan using regression models and administrative data for the 2015–16 school year, we study the factors associated with the probability that parents choose a school different from the one closest to where they live. We focus on both push factors (the characteristics of local schools) and pull factors (the features of chosen schools). The findings indicate that parents select schools which have a lower proportion of immigrant pupils and higher socio‐economic status of the student body. On the other hand, school performance in standardised tests is not statistically associated with parents' decisions to opt out of local schools, nor does it emerge as a feature of the schools most likely to attract non‐local students after accounting for the socio‐economic composition of school intake. The resulting picture shows that affluent Italian parents implement avoidance strategies to avoid schools attended by a high proportion of immigrant or lower‐class students—with the potential of fostering segregation and concentrations of disadvantaged groups.
Lithium dendrites in all‐solid‐state batteries: From formation to suppression
Authors: Sun Huaihu , Celadon Axel , Cloutier Sylvain G. , Al‐Haddad Kamal , Sun Shuhui , Zhang Gaixia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium (Li) metal batteries combine high power density with robust security, making them one of the strong competitors for the next generation of battery technology. By replacing the flammable and volatile electrolytes commonly found in traditional Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) with noncombustible solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), we have the potential to fundamentally enhance safety measures. Concurrently, SSE would be capable of fitting high specific capacity (3860 mAh g−1) metal Li and is expected to break through the upper limit of mass‐energy density (350 Wh kg−1) of existing LIBs system. Nevertheless, the growth of Li dendrites on the negative side or the nucleation of Li inside SSEs may give rise to battery short circuits, which is the primary factor limiting the application of Li metal. Recognizing this, the focus of this review is to provide a perspective for experimentalists and theorists who closely monitor various surface/interface and microstructure phenomena to understand Li dendrites. The strategies to reveal the complicated deposition mechanism and to control the dendrite growth of metal Li in solid‐state batteries, as well as the advanced characterization methods of metal Li, provide suggestions for the practical research of solid‐state Li metal batteries.
Unveiling Annona Reticulata's Bioactive Arsenal for Enhanced Antibiotic Effects
Authors: Ramiz Uddin Muhammad , Shahriar Asif , Jahan Mim Halima , Khadiza Papia Bibi , Rob Siddiquee Mohd. Faijanur , Bin R. Q Khan Ahnaf , Islam Rahatul , Fatema Nour , Parvez Anwar , Kumar Roy Goutam , Rana Sohel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjective: To study the antibacterial and phytochemical activities of bioactive elements in the leaves of Annona reticulata Linn, a historically used Bangladeshi medicinal plant. Methods: Shade‐dried and crushed plant leaves were soaked with various solvents to obtain samples for different chemical analyses. All extracts were selected for antimicrobial, physicochemical, and Pharmacological investigations. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion assay, and broth microdilution methods determined potentiation of the activities of the antibiotic antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was investigated using either gram‐positive or gram‐negative pathogenic wild‐type bacteria. Results: From the initial phytochemical and pharmacological studies, it was clear that all extracts, methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, of the leaves of A. reticulata, were proven to process potent bioactive constituents. While differential antimicrobial properties were found to be possessed by all extracts, methanolic extract was the most potent one against all tested microorganisms. It also has potentiated the activities of antibiotics in E. coli. Conclusion: Bioactive constituents in the plant extracts were shown to possess phytochemical and antimicrobial activities. More investigation is needed to segregate the chemical components responsible for the respective phytochemical and antimicrobial activities.
Variability in Chemical Composition and Biochemical Activities ofMentha x piperitaL. Essential Oil, in Response to Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and Heavy Metal Stress
Authors: Djerrad Zineb , Terfi Souhila , Brakchi Lila 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe present paper highlights the effect of Pb/Cd‐stress and/or mycorrhizal colonization byGlomus Intraradiceson yield, chemical composition, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity ofMentha x piperitaL. essential oil. Our findings showed that mycorrhizal colonization could be used to improve the essential oil yield ofM. x piperita, either in non‐stressed or Pb/Cd‐stressed plants. GC–MS analysis revealed three chemotypes: linalool/pulegone (32.6/30.8 %) chemotype in essential oils of non‐mycorrhizal Pb‐stressed plants, menthone/menthyl acetate (30.3/25.1 %) chemotype in essential oils of non‐mycorrhizal Cd‐stressed plants and menthol (44.6 %) chemotype in essential oils of non‐mycorrhizal non‐stressed plants, mycorrhizal non‐stressed plants and mycorrhizal Pb/Cd‐stressed plants. The cytotoxicity ofM. x piperitaessential oil, evaluated by brine shrimp lethality bioassay, was increased in presence of Pb/Cd‐stress (from 379.58 to 72.84 μm/mL) and decreased in mycorrhizal plants (from 379.58 to 482.32 μm/mL). The antimicrobial activity ofM. x piperitaessential oil, evaluated by disc diffusion method and determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration against ten microorganisms, was enhanced by the mycorrhizal colonization and deceased by the Pb/Cd‐stress. In conclusion, the inoculation of medicinal plants with mycorrhizal fungi is a real avenue for alleviating abiotic stress and/or increasing the quantity and quality of secondary metabolites in terms of biological activities.
Potential of a flatbed scanner for evaluation of flour samples for dark specks and flour color
Authors: Brabec Daniel , Grothe Sophia , Perez‐Fajardo Mayra , Pordesimo Lester , Yeater Kathleen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFlour color changes caused by contamination like fungal‐damaged kernels can be determined by several methods, but many existing methods are time‐consuming and require specialized training. In this study, a commercial flatbed scanner was used to quickly detect and quantify the abundance of black specks derived from smutty grains in wheat flour samples.FindingsOur method easily classified flour samples into several categories, as clean flour, marginally clean, or contaminated, by using varied levels of %area‐smut. From our set of calibration flour samples, clean flour samples were located below 0.025% area‐smut. Marginal flours were defined as flours having %area‐smut from 0.025% to 0.050%. Notably, contaminated flour had %area‐smut greater than 0.05%. Moreover, the flour color brightness parameter (L) was determined using the scanner and was found to be inversely related to the %area‐smut. In addition, the number of smutty seeds manually detected in 250 g whole‐grain samples was correlated to the %area‐smut found in the flour.ConclusionsTherefore, this method represents a rapid and reliable way to distinguish clean flour from flour milled from wheat containing various levels of smut contamination.Significance and NoveltyThis method was developed and validated using wheat samples collected from the field and contained a range of smut contamination. Although specks could easily be detected and counted, we found that speck counts varied with scanner resolution setting. Therefore, an alternate parameter referred to as “%area‐smut” was calculated and resulted in more consistent values per sample regardless of scanner resolution. Additionally, the flour color parameter, L*, was determined for each scanned image using imaging processing software. This color parameter, L*, was well correlated with those measured with a reference hand‐held colorimeter.
Toward Efficient and Stereoselective Aromatic and Dearomative Cope Rearrangements: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of α‐Allyl‐α’‐Aromatic γ‐Lactone Derivatives.
Authors: Mando Morgane , Grellepois Fabienne , Blanc Aurélien , Hénon Eric , Riguet Emmanuel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe aromatic Cope rearrangement is an elusive transformation that has been the subject of a limited number of investigations compared to those seemingly close analogues, namely the Cope and aromatic Claisen rearrangement. Herein we report our investigations inspired by moderate success observed in the course of pioneering works. By careful experimental and theoretical investigations, we demonstrate that key substitutions on 1,5‐hexadiene scaffold allow fruitful transformations. Especially, efficient functionalisation of the heteroaromatic rings results from the aromatic Cope rearrangement, while highly stereoselective interrupted aromatic Cope rearrangements highlight the formation of chiral compounds through a dearomative process.
Immobilised Ruthenium Complexes for the Electrooxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Bühler Jan , Muntwyler Alissa , Roithmeyer Helena , Adams Pardis , Besmer Manuel Luca , Blacque Olivier , Tilley S. David 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAbundantly available biomass‐based platform chemicals, including 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), are essential stepping stones in steering the chemical industry away from fossil fuels. The efficient catalytic oxidation of HMF to its diacid derivative, 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), is a promising research area with potential applications in the polymer industry. Currently, the most encouraging approaches are based on solid‐state catalysts and are often conducted in basic aqueous media, conditions where HMF oxidation competes with its decomposition. Efficient molecular catalysts are practically unknown for this reaction. In this study, we report on the synthesis and electrocatalysis of surface‐bound molecular ruthenium complexes for the transformation of HMF to FDCA under acidic conditions. Catalyst immobilisation on mesoporous indium tin oxide electrodes is achieved through the incorporation of phosphonic acid anchoring groups. Screening experiments with HMF and further reaction intermediates revealed the catalytic route and bottlenecks in the catalytic synthesis of FDCA. Utilising these immobilised electrocatalysts, FDCA yields of up to 85 % and faradaic efficiencies of 91 % were achieved, without any indication of substrate decomposition. Surface analysis by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) post‐electrocatalysis unveiled the desorption of the catalyst from the electrode surface as a limiting factor in terms of catalytic performance.
Reduction‐Specified Coupling Reactions of Nitroarenes by Heterogeneous Cobalt Catalysis
Authors: Sun Jia‐Lu , Xi Junwei , Zhao H. , Zhang Min 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe in‐depth study on reduction–specified coupling reactions of the nitroarenes by heterogeneous cobalt catalysis opens a door for diversified syntheses of functional N‐containing molecules. Guided by the structure–function relationship of heterogeneous materials, rational design of nano–catalysts can effectively regulate the routes of organic reactions. Precise transformation of the intermediates generated during the nitroarene reduction with a suitable nano–catalyst is a promising way to develop new tandem reactions, and to synthesize structurally novel compounds that are of difficult access with the conventional approaches.
Fetal development of the human amygdala
Authors: Mulc Damir , Smilović Dinko , Krsnik Željka , Junaković‐Munjas Alisa , Kopić Janja , Kostović Ivica , Šimić Goran , Vukšić Mario 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe intricate development of the human amygdala involves a complex interplay of diverse processes, varying in speed and duration. In humans, transient cytoarchitectural structures deliquesce, leading to the formation of functionally distinct nuclei as a result of multiple interdependent developmental events. This study compares the amygdala's cytoarchitectural development in conjunction with specific antibody reactivity for neuronal, glial, neuropil, and radial glial fibers, synaptic, extracellular matrix, and myelin components in 39 fetal human brains. We recognized that the early fetal period, as a continuation of the embryonic period, is still dominated by relatively uniform histogenetic processes. The typical appearance of ovoid cell clusters in the lateral nucleus during midfetal period is most likely associated with the cell migration and axonal growth processes in the developing human brain. Notably, synaptic markers are firstly detected in the corticomedial group of nuclei, while immunoreactivity for the panaxonal neurofilament marker SMI 312 is found dorsally. The late fetal period is characterized by a protracted migration process evidenced by the presence of doublecortin and SOX‐2 immunoreactivity ventrally, in the prospective paralaminar nucleus, reinforced by vimentin immunoreactivity in the last remaining radial glial fibers. Nearing the term period, SMI 99 immunoreactivity indicates that perinatal myelination becomes prominent primarily along major axonal pathways, laying the foundation for more pronounced functional maturation. This study comprehensively elucidates the rate and sequence of maturational events in the amygdala, highlighting the key role of prenatal development in its behavioral, autonomic, and endocrine regulation, with subsequent implications for both normal functioning and psychiatric disorders.