bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alteration of lethal effects of gamma rays in Swiss albino mice by Tinospora cordifolia
Authors: Pahadiya Subhash , Sharma Jaimala 
Published: May 2003

AbstractTinospora cordifolia is widely used in Ayurvedic medicines. It is known for its immunomodulatory, antihepatotoxic, antistress and antioxidant properties. It has been used in combination with other plant products to prepare a number of Ayurvedic preparations. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the radioprotective effect of an aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia (TC) against 60Co gamma radiation. Oral administration of TC 5 mg/kg body wt to Swiss albino mice 1 h and 15 days prior to whole body radiation exposure (8 Gy) produced a signiﬁcant protection in terms of survival percentage. After oral administration of TC 10 mg/kg body wt/day to mice 7 days prior to whole body irradiation (8 Gy) there was no mortality until day 13 and 50% of the animals survived until day 30. Mice exposed to radiation (8 Gy) without TC pretreatment exhibited signs of radiation sickness such as anorexia, lethargy, rufﬂed hair, diarrhoea and these animals died within 14 days of irradiation. The results from the present study suggest that Tinospora cordifolia has a radioprotective effect in Swiss albino mice, thereby enhancing the survival of mice against a sublethal dose of gamma radiation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two isoﬂavones and bioactivity spectrum of the crude extracts of Iris germanica rhizomes
Authors: Orhan Ilkay , Nasim Shama , Tener Bilge , Ayanoglu Filiz , Özgüven Mensure , Choudhary M. Iqbal , Atta‐ur‐Rahman  
Published: May 2003

AbstractIn vitro biological activities including bactericidal, fungicidal and insecticidal activities as well as phytotoxicity and brine shrimp toxicity of the petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Iris germanica L. were determined. The bactericidal activity of the extracts was assayed by the agar well diffusion test. In the fungicidal test, the agar tube dilution method was used. The insecticidal activity was determined by the exposure method. The toxicity of the extracts was evaluated by the phytotoxicity test as well as the brine shrimp toxicity test. The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of I. germanica rhizomes exhibited bactericidal activity, while the petroleum ether extract did not exhibit any bactericidal, fungicidal and insecticidal activities. It was also inactive in the brine shrimp toxicity test, whereas it showed signiﬁcant phytotoxicity against the plant Lemna aequinoctialis Welv. Two known isoﬂavones were isolated from the chloroform extract of the plant. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Powdered green tea has antilipogenic effect on Zucker rats fed a high‐fat diet
Authors: Hasegawa Noboru , Yamda Norihiro , Mori Midori 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe effect of powdered green tea on the lipid metabolism was studied in male Zucker rats fed a 50% sucrose diet containing 15% butter. The oral treatment of 130 mg powdered green tea per day depressed body weight increase and various adipose tissue weights but food intake was unaffected. The treatment also slightly increased the plasma triglycerides. These effects were likely mediated by the inhibition of lipogenesis in the adipose tissues. The experimental group had a higher concentration of liver total lipid, triglycerides and plasma protein, and lower liver weights than the controls. This may be due to lipid deposition in the liver because of the reduction in adipose tissue weights. It was found that powdered green tea lowered the plasma total cholesterol but liver total cholesterol was unaffected. The results indicate that the hypocholesterolemic activity of powdered green tea might be due to the inhibition of the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibitory activity of plant extracts on nitric oxide synthesis in LPS‐activated macrophages
Authors: Ryu Jae‐Ha , Ahn Hanna , Kim Ji Yeon , Kim Young‐Kyoon 
Published: May 2003

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) produced in large amounts by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is known to be responsible for the vasodilation and hypotension observed in septic shock and inﬂammation. Inhibitors of iNOS, thus, may be useful candidates for the treatment of inﬂammatory diseases accompanied by overproduction of NO. We prepared alcoholic extracts of woody plants and screened the inhibitory activity of NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated macrophages after the treatment of these extracts. Among 83 kinds of plant extracts, 23 kinds of extracts showed potent inhibitory activity of NO production above 60% at the concentration of 80 µg/ml. Some of potent extracts showed dose dependent inhibition of NO production of LPS‐activated macrophages at the concentration of 80, 40, 20 µg/ml. Especially, Artemisia iwayomogi, Machilus thunbergii, Populus davidiana and Populus maximowiczii showed the most potent inhibition (above 70%) at the concentration of 40 µg/ml. Inhibitory activity of NO production was concentrated to nonpolar solvent fractions (ethyl ether and/or ethyl acetate soluble fractions) of Artemisia iwayomogi, Machilus thunbergii and Morus bombycis. These plants are promising candidates for the study of the activity‐guided puriﬁcation of active compounds and would be useful for the treatment of inﬂammatory diseases and endotoxemia accompanying overproduction of NO. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biological activity of some naturally occurring resins, gums and pigments against in vitro LDL oxidation
Authors: Andrikopoulos Nikolaos K. , Kaliora Andriana C. , Assimopoulou Andreana N. , Papapeorgiou Vassilios P. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractNaturally occurring gums and resins with beneﬁcial pharmaceutical and nutraceutical properties were tested for their possible protective effect against copper‐induced LDL oxidation in vitro. Chios mastic gum (CMG) (Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia resin) was the most effective in protecting human LDL from oxidation. The minimum and maximum doses for the saturation phenomena of inhibition of LDL oxidation were 2.5 mg and 50 mg CMG (75.3% and 99.9%, respectively). The methanol/water extract of CMG was the most effective compared with other solvent combinations. CMG when fractionated in order to determine a structure–activity relationship showed that the total mastic essential oil, collofonium‐like residue and acidic fractions of CMG exhibited a high protective activity ranging from 65.0% to 77.8%. The other natural gums and resins (CMG resin ‘liquid collection’, P. terebinthus var. Chia resin, dammar resin, acacia gum, tragacanth gum, storax gum) also tested as above, showed 27.0%–78.8% of the maximum LDL protection. The other naturally occurring substances, i.e. triterpenes (amyrin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, lupeol, 18‐a‐glycyrrhetinic acid) and hydroxynaphthoquinones (naphthazarin, shikonin and alkannin) showed 53.5%–78.8% and 27.0%–64.1% LDL protective activity, respectively. The combination effects (68.7%–76.2% LDL protection) of ursolic‐, oleanolic‐ and ursodeoxycholic‐ acids were almost equal to the effect (75.3%) of the CMG extract in comparable doses. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma lipoproteins in transport of silibinin, an antioxidant flavonolignan from Silybum marianum
Authors: Švagera Zdeněk , Škottová Nina , Váňa Petr , Večeřa Rostislav , Urbánek Karel , Belejová Marie , Kosina Pavel , Šimánek Vilím 
Published: May 2003

AbstractTo assess the role of plasma lipoproteins in the transport of silibinin, an antioxidant ﬂavonolignan, 125I‐labelled silibinin (125I‐SB) administered perorally to the rat was used. The plasma 125I‐SB derived radioactivity was distributed among plasma lipoproteins according to their lipophilicity (TAG‐rich lipoproteins 30–40% > LDL 15% > HDL 5%), and in the fraction of d > 1.215 containing albumin and other proteins a minority amount of radioactivity was found. Administration of 125I‐SB in a complex with phosphatidylcholine resulted in proportionally higher radioactivities in all fractions as well as in tissues. Dietary olive oil had a slightly decreasing effect on plasma concentrations of silibinin measured by HPLC as well as on 125I‐SB derived radioactivity in plasma and liver. In the TAG‐rich lipoprotein fraction and HDL no effects of olive oil on the levels of 125I‐SB derived radioactivities were observed, however, at a 30 min interval the levels of 125I‐SB derived radioactivity in LDL and the heart were signiﬁcantly decreased in the olive oil group. These results suggest that (i) silibinin is not resorbed by the chylomicron pathway, and (ii) the endogenous lipoprotein pathway VLDL → LDL may play a role in the transport of silibinin from the liver to the extrahepatic tissues concurrently facilitating the lipoprotein antioxidant inﬂuence of silibinin. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glycosmis arborea extract as a hepatoprotective agent
Authors: Gomes A. , Das M. , Sur P. , Besra S. E. , Chakravorty A. K. , Das B. , Ganguly D. K. , Vedasiromoni J. R. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractGlycosmis arborea is a plant possessing various medicinal properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatoprotective efﬁcacy of the butanol extract obtained from the aerial parts of the plant. The test sample was prepared by extracting the material through different steps. The extract thus obtained was dissolved in normal saline. Albino rats were prophylactically treated with the extract (i.p.) for 3 weeks. At the end of 3rd week all the groups were injected with hepatotoxic agents. After 48 h of injection, blood was collected and livers were taken out. Different enzymes in the serum were assayed and histopathological study was performed with liver. Glycosmis arborea extract was able to overcome the toxic effects of hepatotoxic agents in terms of lowering the levels of serum GPT, alkaline phosphatase and increased level of SOD in serum. TBARS generation in liver was also altered. Moreover, necrosis of liver produced by carbon tetrachloride was reversed by the extract. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cisplatin tumor concentrations after intra‐arterial cisplatin infusion or embolization in patients with oral cancer
Authors: Tegeder Irmgard , Bräutigam Lutz , Seegel Maic , Al‐Dam Ahmed , Turowski Bernd , Geisslinger Gerd , Kovács Adorján F. 
Published: May 2003

BackgroundOne neoadjuvant course of intra‐arterial high‐dose cisplatin (cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum [CDDP]) tumor perfusion combined with intravenous sodium thiosulfate (STS) (cisplatin neutralizer) infusion is part of a multimodality concept for treatment of oral cancer. Recently, crystalline cisplatin embolization has been described as a novel treatment variant with increased tumor response rates.MethodsWe have compared tumor and plasma concentrations of cisplatin and STS by means of microdialysis in 10 patients with oral cancer treated with intra‐arterial cisplatin perfusion (150 mg/m2 in 500 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride) and 6 patients with oral cancer treated with crystalline cisplatin embolization (150 mg/m2 in 45–60 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride), respectively. The microdialysis catheter was placed into the tumor, and the intra‐arterial catheter into the tumor‐feeding artery. Cisplatin was rapidly administered through the intra‐arterial catheter and STS (9 g/m2) was infused intravenously to reduce the systemic toxicity of cisplatin. STS infusion was started 10 seconds after the cisplatin infusion was started.ResultsAfter embolization, cisplatin tumor maximum concentration (Cmax) and tumor area under the concentration‐time curves (AUCs) were about 5 times higher than those achieved after intra‐arterial perfusion (Cmax, 180.3 ± 62.3 μmol/L versus 37.6 ± 8.9 μmol/L), whereas the opposite was true for plasma concentrations (Cmax, 0.9 ± 0.2 μmol/L versus 4.7 ± 0.6 μmol/L). STS plasma levels were about 3 times higher than its tumor concentrations (Cmax tumor, 1685 ± 151 μmol/L; Cmax plasma, 5051 ± 381 μmol/L). After the standard intra‐arterial perfusion, the average STS/CDDP AUC ratios for tumor and plasma were 211 ± 75 and 984 ± 139, respectively. After cisplatin embolization, the respective ratios were 48.5 ± 29.5 and 42,966 ± 26,728.ConclusionMolar STS/CDDP ratios of greater than 500 are required outside the tumor to neutralize cisplatin, whereas tumor ratios should be lower than 100 to avoid a loss of tumor cell killing. The first goal is achieved with both treatment modalities and the second only with cisplatin embolization, suggesting that crystalline cisplatin embolization is superior to intra‐arterial cisplatin perfusion in terms of tumor cisplatin concentrations. Whether this translates into higher tumor response rates needs to be investigated further.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, 417–426; doi: 10.1016/S0009‐9236(03)00008‐0
Polymorphisms in the CYP1A2 gene and theophylline metabolism in patients with asthma
Authors: Obase Yasushi , Shimoda Terufumi , Kawano Tetsuya , Saeki Sachiko , Tomari Shin‐ya , Mitsuta‐Izaki Kazuko , Matsuse Hiroto , Kinoshita Moritoshi , Kohno Shigeru 
Published: May 2003

BackgroundCytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 gene polymorphisms are thought to be involved in theophylline metabolism.ObjectiveWe analyzed the effect of genetic polymorphisms in the 5′‐flanking region to the first intron of the CYP1A2 gene on theophylline metabolism in 75 Japanese patients with asthma and 159 healthy Japanese volunteers.MethodsGenetic polymorphisms were detected at 4 sites of the CYP1A2 gene, −2964(G/A) and −1569(T/del) in the 5′‐flanking region and 155(T/G) and 731(A/C) in the first intron.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the distribution of gene polymorphisms between the asthmatic and control groups. Among asthmatic patients, theophylline clearance was significantly lower in patients with the polymorphism at site −2964(G/A) whose genotype was G/A (0.029 ± 0.001 L · h−1 · kg−1) or A/A (0.029 ± 0.002 L · h−1 · kg−1) than in those whose genotype was G/G (0.034 ± 0.001 L · h−1 · kg−1) (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively). High theophylline clearance levels significantly correlated with age in the G/G subgroup of site −2964(G/A) (P < .05, r = −0.35) but not in the G/A or A/A subgroup.ConclusionGiven its potential side effects, theophylline may need to be used with care in patients with the A allele at site −2964(G/A) in the CYP1A2 gene, because theophylline metabolism levels are lower in such patients, particularly in young asthmatic individuals.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, 468–474; doi: 10.1016/S0009‐9236(03)00013‐4
Coordinated intrahepatic and extrahepatic regulation of cytochrome P4502D6 in healthy subjects and in patients after liver transplantation
Authors: Carcillo Joseph A. , Adedoyin Adedayo , Burckart Gilbert J. , Frye Reginald F. , Venkataramanan Raman , Knoll Carmela , Thummel Kenneth , Roskos Lorin , Wilson John W. , Sereika Susan , Romkes Marjorie , Bebia Zourab , Branch Robert A. 
Published: May 2003

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 activity exhibits wide intersubject variation even among individuals with similar genotypes in whom the active enzyme is expressed. There is, therefore, a need to understand the mechanisms involved in determining its activity. The relationship of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression to CYP2D6 activity has been evaluated in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues to test the hypothesis of coordinated regulation. In human liver microsomes, there was a greater than 25‐fold variation in both bufuralol hydroxylation and concentration of mRNA for CYP2D6, with a significant association between variables (n = 20; Spearman correlation coefficient [rs] = 0.85, P < .001). In normal subjects, there was a similar extent of interindividual variation in in vivo activity of CYP2D6, measured as the debrisoquin (INN, debrisoquine) recovery ratio, and in mRNA for CYP2D6 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with a significant association between variables (n = 78; rs = 0.56 [95% confidence interval, 0.35 to 0.73],P < .001), whereas no association was found between mRNA for CYP2D6 and CYP2E1 activity. Recipients of liver transplants, at a time of stable liver function, had a similar relationship between debrisoquin recovery ratio and concentration of mRNA for CYP2D6 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (n = 27; rs = 0.74 [95% confidence interval, −0.16 to 0.44], P < .001). Three recipients, who had CYP2D6*4/*4 genotypes, remained phenotypically poor metabolizers for CYP2D6 after liver transplantation. Collectively, these results imply that transcriptional regulation of mRNA for CYP is a major determinant of in vivo activity and that regulation of intrahepatic and extrahepatic enzymes is coordinated, possibly through a mechanism that is predominantly extrahepatic.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, 456–467; doi: 10.1016/S0009‐9236(03)00055‐9
Individual differences in attachment–autonomy configurations: linkages with substance use and youth competencies
Authors: Lee Ji‐Min , Bell Nancy J. 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTVariations in attachment–autonomy configurations are explored as these relate to substance use and several adolescent competencies. Questionnaires completed by 470 university students included measures of parental attachment, autonomy (both emotional autonomy and self‐reliance), substance use, problems associated with substance use, social competencies, and coping. Analyses of subgroups representing four attachment–autonomy patterns, derived from cluster analysis, showed higher competency levels and fewer problems related to substance use for the group combining strong attachment and self‐reliance coupled with low levels of emotional autonomy. A subgroup characterized by low father but moderate mother attachment security differed in a number of ways from a subgroup reporting low attachment to both parents. Findings support the utility of a typological approach in investigations of adolescent attachment and autonomy.
The effect on motor cortical neuronal development of focal lesions to the sub‐cortical white matter in the neonatal rat: a model for periventricular leukomalacia
Authors: Gibson Claire L. , Clowry Gavin J. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractPeriventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is either a diffuse or cystic lesion of the periventricular white matter that leaves the overlying cortical grey matter largely intact. It is believed to result from hypoxia occurring pre‐ or perinatally and is a major cause of cerebral palsy. We have modelled PVL in rats comparing the effects of discrete injections of 3‐nitropropionic acid (3‐NP), a mitochondrial toxin, ibotenic acid (IBA), a glutamate analogue, or saline into the sub‐cortical white matter on postnatal day 7 (P7). Following recovery times ranging from 3 days to 4 weeks, forebrain sections were Nissl stained or immunostained for Bax, cJun, calbindin (CB), parvalbumin (PV) or non‐phosphorylated neurofilaments (NPNF). Compared to saline injections, ibotenic acid caused large lesions of both grey and white matter not characteristic of periventricular leukomalacia. 3‐Nitropropionic acid injections caused small focal lesions restricted to the sub‐cortical white matter. 3‐Nitropropionic acid treatment initially increased expression of the apoptosis promoting proteins Bax and cJun, as well as non‐phosphorylated neurofilaments in cortical layer V overlying the injection site. Non‐phosphorylated neurofilament expression distal to the lesion was decreased representing a loss of cortical axons, but persisted and even increased with time within the cortex, demonstrating persistence of the parent cell bodies and local sprouting of neurites. There were significantly fewer calbindin and parvalbumin positive neurones in the motor cortex (MC) side ipsilateral to the 3‐nitropropionic acid injection compared to the contralateral side. These persistent differences in expression of activity sensitive calcium binding proteins suggest alterations in local cortical circuitry without substantial loss of grey matter as is characteristic of periventricular leukomalacia. Changes in expression of Bax, cJun and non‐phosphorylated neurofilaments during normal development are also described.
Antithrombotic therapy is associated with better survival in patients with severe heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (EPICAL study)
Authors: Echemann M. , Alla F. , Briançon S. , Juillière Y. , Virion J.M. , Mertès P.M. , Villemot J.P. , Zannad F. ,   EPICAL Investigators
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackground:In patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), clinical trials have demonstrated the benefit of a number of drugs on morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless so far, there is no published controlled study of long‐term antithrombotic therapy in patients with CHF. The aim of this work was to identify the relationship between cardiovascular drug use, especially antithrombotic therapy, and survival of CHF patients in current clinical practice, using an observational, population‐based database.Methods:The EPICAL study (Epidémiologie de l'Insuffisance Cardiaque Avancée en Lorraine) has identified prospectively all patients with severe CHF in the community of Lorraine. Inclusion criteria were age 20–80 years in 1994, at least one hospitalisation for cardiac decompensation, NYHA III/IV HF, ventricular ejection fraction ≤30% or cardiothoracic index ≥60% and arterial hypotension or peripheral and/or pulmonary oedema. A total of 417 consecutive patients surviving at hospital discharge were included in the database. The average follow‐up period was 5 years. Univariate Cox models were used to test the relationship of baseline biological and clinical factors to survival. Cardiovascular drug prescriptions were tested in a multivariate Cox model adjusted by other known predictive factors.Results:Duration of disease >1 year, renal failure, serum sodium ≥138 mmol/l, old age, serious comorbidity, previous decompensation, high doses of furosemide and vasodilators use were independently associated with poor prognosis at 1 and 5 years. Oral anticoagulants, aspirin, lipid lowering drugs and beta‐blockers use were associated with better survival. There was no interaction between aspirin and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor use on survival.Conclusion:Antithrombotic therapy was associated with a better long‐term survival in our study population of severe CHF. These results together with other previously published circumstantial evidence urge for a prospective, controlled and randomised trial specifically designed to evaluate optimal oral anticoagulants and aspirin in patients with congestive heart failure.
Self‐reported psychotic experiences in the general population: a valid screening tool for DSM‐III‐R psychotic disorders?
Authors: Hanssen M. S. S. , Bijl R. V. , Vollebergh W. , Van Os J. 
Published: May 2003

Objective:   To examine the diagnostic value of self‐reported psychotic‐like experiences for DSM‐III‐R psychotic disorders.Method:  A general population sample of 7076 subjects aged 18–64 years was interviewed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and, if there was evidence of psychotic experiences, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐III‐R.Results:  The probability of having a psychotic disorder increased in a dose–response fashion with the level of self‐reported psychotic experiences, but individual CIDI psychotic experience ratings had relatively low post‐test probabilities (PPs) (range: 5.1–26.5%). However, limiting the sample to individuals who had been in contact with mental health services substantially improved PPs (range: 13.3–43.1%).Conclusion:  Screening for psychosis in the population carries a high risk of stigmatization in false‐positive cases and violation of the right ‘not to know’ in true‐positive cases. However, in mental health care users, self‐reported psychotic experiences may be a useful screening tool in individuals who have already developed help‐seeking.