bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evidence-Based HIV Prevention Intervention for African American Female Adolescents: SiHLE
Authors: Wingood Gina M , DiClemente Ralph J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The risk of acquiring a sexually transmitted disease (STD), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is one of the most significant and immediate risks to the health and well-being of adolescents. While there has been marked progress in the development of HIV prevention interventions for adolescents, programs designed specifically for females, and more specifically for African American females, have lagged behind that of other at-risk adolescent populations. Thus, the goal of this chapter is to provide a detailed description of an HIV prevention intervention specially tailored for African American adolescent females that has been demonstrated to be efficacious for this understudied and underserved at-risk population.
Manualized Treatment for Anxiety-Based School Refusal Behavior in Youth
Authors: Kearney Christopher A , Stowman Stephanie , Haight Courtney , Wechsler Adrianna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
School refusal behavior refers to child-motivated refusal to attend school and/or difficulties remaining in classes for an entire day. The behavior includes schoolaged youth who are completely absent from school for extended or limited periods of time, who skip classes or sections of a school day, who are chronically tardy to school, who display severe morning misbehaviors in an attempt to miss school, or who attend school with great dread and persistent pleas for future nonattendance. School refusal behavior affects about 5%–28% of youths at some point in their lives and can lead to severe shortand long-term problems if left unaddressed. School refusal behavior is represented fairly equally among boys and girls, and peak onset is 10–13 years of age. Entry into kindergarten, first grade, middle school, and highThe material in this chapter is adapted with permission from the therapist guide for When Children Refuse School: A Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Approach (2nd ed.), published by Oxford University Press (2007).
Discovering Forgiveness: A Guided Curriculum for Children Ages 6–8
Authors: Enright Robert D , Enright Jeanette Knutson 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Both counseling and teaching are about giving life to our students in the form of relevant and exciting tools that they will use for a lifetime. Forgiving someone who was unjust, casting aside the bitterness that can become an unwanted companion, and recapturing emotional health are life-giving. Through this curriculum, you will be helping establish a foundation of forgiveness in young children. Many years from now, because we are in a world that is not always fair, some of the children, now grown, may find themselves in unhappy marriages, or stifling jobs, or in other situations that cause them deep distress and unhappiness. We wish it were not so, but we also know the realities of this world.
Strengths-Oriented Family Therapy (SOFT): A Manual Guided Treatment for Substance-Involved Teens and Families
Authors: Hall James A , Smith Douglas C , Williams Julie K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter was developed to assist in the evaluation plan of the Strengthening Communities for Youth (SCY) initiative funded by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT IU79 TI 13354), a division of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). The opinions presented here are those of the authors and do not represent official positions of the government. We gratefully acknowledge SAMHSA’s role in both expanding the range of available services to adolescent substance abusers and their families in eastern Iowa, as well as supporting the development of this treatment approach.
Process Innovation in the Context of a Large Organization
Authors: Roth George , Kleiner Art 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In creating a new approach to managing the Epsilon team, one deliberately different from traditional Autocue management culture, the leaders came to feel isolated from the senior levels of the Autocue system. This left the Epsilon program manager, in particular, feeling isolated. The launch manager, while he received many inquiries from others as to what Epsilon was doing, felt the inquiries were superficial because most people appeared to be waiting to see how things would turn out.
Practice Without Preaching
Authors: Roth George , Kleiner Art 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Peter Singe‘s commentary reflects an in-depth knowledge of the theories, methods, and tools which were used by the Autocue upsilon team. Indeed, he was, at the time of this story, the director of the MIT Centre for Organizational Learning and was closely associated with the “Lead MIT Researcher” who plays a prominent role in the story. Without Peter Singe‘s book The Fifth Discipline (1990, New York: Doubleday), and his elucidation of the 1ive learning disciplines for organizations” and their relationship to practice fields and learning laboratories! “r-and without his encouragement of people at Autocue and MIT alike&lt;r-the story told in this learning history might never have taken place.
The Making of an time
Authors: Chatterji Bankimcandra , Lipner Julius J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Vande Mātaram! “I revere the Mother!”—or Bande Mātaram in its Bengali form—has been characterised variously as one of the most inspiring, threatening, or challenging utterances in the history of India’s birth as a nation. Emerging in the public sphere through Bankimcandra Chatterji’s novel A¯ nandama FIth (published in the early 1880s), it became a potent slogan in Bengal’s burgeoning nationalist movement of the early twentieth century. Since then it has grown from strength to strength as a symbol of dedication to a free India, and of a vision for a nation. Fraught with history, it continues, as we shall see, to invoke the Mother over a range of important issues on India’s national stage.
The Making of a Translation
Authors: Chatterji Bankimcandra , Lipner Julius J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We can begin by asking: should this novel be translated? This question resolves into two sub-questions: one general, the other more specific. In general terms, we may pose a philosophical doubt. Is linguistic translation, with special reference to translation from one tongue to another (for translations can be attempted within the confines of a particular language, of course, as when we try to unravel jargon into everyday speech), a legitimate process? Can meaning be “carried across” (from the Latin verb transferre, and its noun translatio ) language divides intact? Are not languages so culture-specific as not to make the attempt worth our while? Are not the much-vaunted loss of meaning or inherent biases of the translator that underlie the process of translation from one tongue to another legitimately prohibitive obstacles? If this is an insuperable objection, then A¯nandama should not be translated because the philosophy of translation fatally undermines the attempt.
Part IV: Chapters 1–8
Authors: Chatterji Bankimcandra , Lipner Julius J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
That night the whole region was filled with cries to Hari. The Children roamed about in bands, shouting Bande Mataram! or “Hari, Lord of the world!” Some seized the weapons of the enemy soldiers or stripped their clothes, others kicked the faces of the dead or committed some other outrage.* Some rushed towards the villages, others towards the towns, catching passers-by or householders and saying, “Say Bande Mataram or we’ll kill you!” Some looted the confectioners’ shops and ate the sweets, others went into milkmen’s houses, pulled down their pots and enjoyed the curd. Some even said, “We’re milkmen from Braja, where are the milkmaids?” There was a great furore that night in the towns and villages.
Part I: Chapters 1–18
Authors: Chatterji Bankimcandra , Lipner Julius J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Dedication”: bhakti ; not quite the conventional “devotion” of traditional religious Hinduism, but rather, wholehearted commitment to the nationalist cause. The Nārada Bhakti Su¯tra (tenth to twelfth centuries ce), an important devotional text, glosses bhakti as āsakti : “an adhering or sticking to” (see v. 82), which gives a fundamental sense of the term. At the time the novel was being written, Bankim was moving towards an understanding of bhakti which suggested a commitment that integrated the different kinds of human faculties—physical, intellectual, volitional and asethetic—in a focus on the highest human goal. Love of self, of family, of society, of country, and of all sentient beings was to be incorporated in one’s love of God. Each facet, beginning with the first, is subsumed in its successor, so that it is impossible to love and serve God properly without including the other forms of love, and incorporated in this devotion to God is the conscious pursuit of its various constituents. Thus service of and love for one’s country (itself a complex idea) is a necessary and superior facet of bhakti, and it partakes of the all-consuming nature of bhakti per se.
Are All Risk Factors Equal? Types of Risk Factors
Authors: Kraemer Helena Chmura , Lowe Karen Kraemer , Kupfer David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Race and ethnicity are well-documented risk factors for low IQ and other associated outcomes such as poor school performance and low socioeconomic level. Many research studies have demonstrated the link between race and ethnicity and low IQ with no major outcry from scientists. Why, then, such outcry against The Bell Curve, as illustrated by Gould’s comment?1(p11) We cannot change risk factors such as race, but does that mean that nothing can be done to prevent low IQ as suggested by The Bell Curve? Moreover, risk factors often associated with race, such as poor health care and poor schooling, are changeable, but can we be sure that changing them will reduce the likelihood of low IQ? Whether a risk factor can change and whether changing it makes a difference to the outcome are the main criteria distinguishing the different types of risk factors. Recognizing these different types is the key to understanding what we can and cannot do with risk factors.
How Do We Know If Something Is an Important Risk Factor? Statistical and Clinical Significance
Authors: Kraemer Helena Chmura , Lowe Karen Kraemer , Kupfer David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This notion, referred to as the “butterfly effect” in chaos theory (and often stated with different locations and different events), is ascribed to MIT mathematician Edward Lorenz. Making fun of his own concept that even tiny relationships among characteristics or events can effect huge changes, Lorenz later joked: “One meteorologist remarked that if the theory were correct, one flap of a seagull’s wings would be enough to alter the course of the weather forever.” Joking aside, Lorenz’s point is an important one to risk estimation. Some relationship, no matter how small, probably exists between any characteristic and a subsequent event. When a researcher identifies a risk factor—that is, establishes a “statistically significant” relationship between a factor and an outcome and demonstrates the precedence of the factor—the relationship may be so small as to have very little “real-life” significance. Few people would seriously suggest we capture butterflies to prevent unstable weather patterns. Nevertheless, newly discovered risk factors are often taken very seriously, sometimes without much consideration of how well the risk factor actually predicts the outcome.
Who Was in the Study and Why Does That Matter? Sampling
Authors: Kraemer Helena Chmura , Lowe Karen Kraemer , Kupfer David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
All three of these predictions were wrong—very publicly wrong. In 1936, the Literary Digest asked 2.3 million voters who they were going to vote for in order to predict that Landon would beat Roosevelt by more than 20% of the vote. Unfortunately, the 2.3 million people the Literary Digest asked were magazine subscribers or owners of telephones or cars—a group of people who, indeed, were more likely to vote for Landon, but not a group who represented the nation’s voters during the Great Depression. Sampling errors such as these also arise in risk estimation, but unfortunately, instead of just waiting until after an election to find out we have the wrong (or right) answer, we might wait several years or even decades until conclusions are shown to be erroneous by new research. During this time, many people’s lives and well-being may be adversely affected. In this chapter, we describe good sampling practices and caution against other practices likely to result in misleading conclusions.
What Is the Difference between a Risk Factor and a Cause? Research Design
Authors: Kraemer Helena Chmura , Lowe Karen Kraemer , Kupfer David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Could certain animal species potentially warn us of impending earthquakes? In the late 1970s, Stanford researchers attempted to answer this question by observing whether they could detect behavioral changes in chimpanzees prior to earthquakes. Many local farmers and animal lovers shared their convictions with the researchers that their livestock or pets behaved strangely before earthquakes. One dairy farmer was particularly insistent that his cows “acted up” before an earthquake. When researchers urged him to call as soon as he witnessed such behavior, he responded indignantly he couldn’t: “Until I know there was an earthquake, how can I know why the cows were acting up?” The challenge of risk estimation is to recognize the signs of an impending event before the event happens. Only what happens before an event gives clues as to the causes of that event. Only before the event happens can we hope to intervene to prevent the event. That risk factors be shown to precede the outcome is thus the most vital part of the definition of a risk factor and crucial to risk estimation.
How Do We Do a Moderator– Mediator Analysis?
Authors: Kraemer Helena Chmura , Lowe Karen Kraemer , Kupfer David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A tale of two gold prospectors: Both select an area where they suspect there is gold. Both begin with the same equipment and motivation, and both start the same way. They dredge up a likely sample to begin to pan for gold. Now their paths separate. The first prospector examines his pan carefully, setting aside all the rocks and pebbles. Then, he begins carefully to wash away the sand and silt. He sets all this debris aside. He examines anything in the pan likely to be a flake or nugget of gold and, if not gold, sets that aside. As much as he is able, he tries to clump flakes into tiny nuggets and tiny nuggets into larger ones. At the end of the day, he will carry his collection to the assayers to find out the value of what he has found.
Against the Legalization of Drugs
Authors: Wilson James Q 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1972, the president appointed me chairman of the National Advisory Council for Drug Abuse Prevention. Created by Congress, the council was charged with providing guidance on how best to coordinate the national war on drugs. (Yes, we called it a war then, too.) In those days, the drug we were chiefly concerned with was heroin. When I took office, heroin use had been increasing dramatically. Everybody was worried that this increase would continue. Such phrases as “heroin epidemic” were commonplace. That same year, the eminent economist Milton Friedman published an essay in Newsweekin which he called for legalizing heroin. His argument was on two grounds: As a matter of ethics, the government has no right to tell people not to use heroin (or to drink or to commit suicide); as a matter of economics, the prohibition of drug use imposes costs on society that far exceed the benefits. Others, such as the psychoanalyst Thomas Szasz, made the same argument. We did not take Friedman’s advice. (Government commissions rarely do.) I do not recall that we even discussed legalizing heroin, though we did discuss (but did not take action on) legalizing a drug, cocaine, that many people then argued was benign. Our marching orders were to figure out how to win the war on heroin, not to run up the white flag of surrender.
Putting the Picture Together Prosperity, Redistribution, Health, and Welfare
Authors: Wilkinson Richard G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Given the strong statistical associations between people’s material circumstances and their health, it may seem that the soundest approach to improving public health would be to increase everyone’s prosperity by maximizing economic growth rates while ensuring that some degree of “trickle down” spreads the health benefits to the poor. Indeed, a possible dilemma facing public health policy in the context of the social gradient in health is that redistributive policies may appear to achieve no more than a redistribution of a finite quantity of health-producing goods and services from the rich to the poor. Perhaps health gains for some would be canceled out by health losses for others. And if levels of unemployment and educational opportunities are regarded as fixed, it is possible that programs designed to improve the opportunities of disadvantaged individuals may seem to do little more than redistribute the scarce opportunities among the disadvantaged.
Ethical and Legal Challenges Posed by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Implications for the Control of Severe Infectious Disease Threats
Authors: Gostin Lawrence O , Bayer, Ronald , Fairchild Amy L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Not long after the first reports of what ultimately would be called severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) began to appear in February 20031, 2 and as nations and the international community began to confront the spread of the new disease, it became clear that a host of ethical and legal issues had begun to surface. Indeed, not since the first years of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in the mid-l980s and the alarm over multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the early 1990sdid it seem that so many issues touching on the core ethical questions posed by public health had to be addressed simultaneously. In several respects, SARS took society back to a pretherapeutic era with no definitive diagnostic test, a nonspecific case definition, and no effective vaccine or treatment. From I November 2002, to 1 July 2003, 8,445 cases were reported to the World Health Organization (WHO); among these, 5,327 (63%) were from China, 1,755 (20%) from Hong Kong, 678 (8%) from Taiwan, 252 (3%) from Canada, and 206 (2%) from Singapore. There were 812 deaths. Comparatively, the United States, with 73 cases (0.9%) and no deaths, was spared.
The Environmental Genome Project Ethica1 Legal, and Social Implications
Authors: Sharp Richard R , Barrett J Carl 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences recently launched a new research initiative known as the Environmental Genome Project (EGP).- The EGP will examine how genetic variation affects response to environmental exposures. Initially, the project will identify polymorphic variation in genes that appear to play an important role in environmentally associated diseases. Having identified these genetic polymorphisms, researchers then will examine their functional implications more carefully. These functional studies will be multidisciplinary in approach, incorporating research methodologies from biochemistry, epidemiology, genetics, pharmacology, and toxicology. Proponents of the EGP hope that the information learned will be instrumental in improving public health. A better understanding of genetic influences on environ mental response could lead to more accurate estimates of disease risks and provide a basis for disease prevention and early intervention programs directed at individuals and populations at increased risk. Identifying functionally significant polymorphisms also could shed light on disease pathways and suggest targets for therapeutic intervention.
Epilogue
Authors: Labunski Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Through the Extraordinary Efforts of a small man with a quiet voice, the nation finally had the Bill of Rights. By the time those amendments were added to the Constitution in 1791, the drive to hold a second con vention had dissipated, and opponents of the government knew they had no choice but to work within the new system. The Bill of Rights would become of critical importance to the American people, but they would have to wait a long time before those words had much meaning.
Quixote’s Ghost
Authors: Stoesz David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
American social policy, writes David Stoesz, is currently experiencing an alarming paradigm shift. Quixote’s Ghost, a provocative new analysis of the ideological fight for control of American social welfare policy, demonstrates how the Right pirated the pragmatism championed by the Left since the New Deal and what that means for the future of social policy. Stoesz’s fascinating account documents how conservative think tanks arose to combat the dominance of liberal intellectualism in the university system, and by now have taken command of the “means of analysis,” flooding Congress with proposals and effectively shifting American public philosophy from liberalism to conservatism. While the Right devoted enormous amounts of energy in reconstructing social policy, Stoesz argues that the American liberal-intellectual class-the Liberati-abandoned its original mission, defecting from the welfare state project to pursue a philosophical tangent, postmodernism, that vilified social policy and romanticized oppressed populations. Presenting case studies from welfare reform and children’s services, he illustrates how both the Right and the Left have shortchanged American social policy. In the process, he proposes radical pragmatism as the solution to counter the dominance of an emerging welfare-industrial complex and revive a Progressive orientation to social policy. Only through citizen empowerment, social mobility, and government restructuring, Stoesz argues, can we effectively craft a new approach to social policy that meets the requirements of the 21st century and transcends the impasse between the Left and the Right. Quixote’s Ghost, framed by the metaphor of a Romantic Left whose actions-like Don Quixote’s obsession with chivalry-are out of synch with the present reality, will be of immense interest to students and academics alike. As one of the few books to chart this radical shift in social policy and its implications on the ground, it will be sure to challenge both the Right and the Left to craft a new approach to thinking about American social policy.