bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Sand Detection for Gas Wells Using AI Applications
Authors: Maharramli A. , Taghiyev F. , Alkhasli Sh. , Mammadov T. , Yusifov I. , Javadzade R. , Ahmadov Kh. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel approach for real-time sand detection in gas wells using an Autoencoder and a rule-based model ensemble. Accurate identification and early detection of sand in gas wells are crucial for effective sand management. However, the dynamic flow conditions and high-pressure environments of gas wells make sand detection challenging. The study aims to develop a methodology for sand production detection, considering the limitations of surface facilities and laboratory measurements.
The methodology is based on essential features such as Acoustic Sand Detector (ASD) readings, Downhole Pressure, and Production Choke measurements. The methodology was applied for both top-side installed ASDs as well as subsea wells.
To overcome the complexity of sand production patterns, we employ an Autoencoder, a deep learning technique capable of addressing the issue. In conjunction, we develop a rule-based model that leverages domain expertise to detect simpler sand patterns. The combination of these models forms a comprehensive and robust sand detection framework for real-time operations and monitoring.
The proposed model demonstrates high accuracy in sand detection. After running the model on unsupervised data, we manually evaluated the results by inspecting AI estimated sand labels individually. Labels were assigned to classify them as true positives (captured sands) or false positives (false alarms). Accuracy and precision metrics were then calculated.
For the top-side gas wells, the model achieves accuracy ranging from 98% to 100%. Meanwhile, for the subsea wells, the model achieves accuracy ranging from 93% to 100%. The performance of our approach demonstrates its effectiveness in detecting sand based on recordings both from surface and subsea gas wells.
By accurately identifying sand presence, the proposed approach contributes to enhancing sand management strategies in the gas industry. The findings enable proactive maintenance, reduction in equipment damage, and optimization of production processes, ultimately enhancing operational efficiency in gas wells. The algorithm is successfully deployed for the vast gas field located in the Caspian Basin.
The Autoencoder tackles the complexity of sand production patterns, while the rule-based model utilizes domain expertise, creating a comprehensive and robust sand detection framework. The approach demonstrates high accuracy in both top-side and subsea wells, offering an effective solution. These findings contribute to the literature by providing an innovative sand detection methodology, benefiting the petroleum industry in terms of sand management and operational efficiency in gas wells.
Investigation of safe operating conditions for reducing acid corrosion and ABS deposition in rotary air preheater using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Padhi Manas Ranjan , Ghose Prakash , Mishra Vijay Kumar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

A rotary air preheater is an important energy recovery device that can reduce energy wastage to a great extent. The major issue associated with this device is the blockage inside the rotary matrix mainly due to chemical deposition such as; sulphuric acid and Ammonium Bi sulphate (ABS). Moreover, these compound causes substantial damage to air preheater element in terms of corrosion. The current research has been carried out to explore the optimum parametric conditions such as; inlet air and hot gas temperature, hot gas and air mass flow rate and rotational speed of rotary matrix to minimize the acid corrosion and ABS deposition. The dew point temperature (DPT) of sulphuric acid and Ammonium bi-sulphate (ABS) formation temperature were evaluated using correlations. From the simulation, it is observed that with increase in air/hot flue gas temperature, the acid corrosion area and ABS formation region decreases. When the mass flow rate of air and hot flue gas increases equally, the acid corrosion and ABS formation region increases along the cold airflow direction. With a lower mass flow rate, the ABS deposition and acid corrosion area becomes more uniform near the cold end only. Near the hot end, it seems to be corrosion-free.
On-admission serum 25(OH)D level and mortality within one year in older patients
Authors: Abel Nadav , Stern Felicia , Tal Sari 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Mounting evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency is associated with a higher risk of many chronic non-skeletal, age-associated diseases as well as mortality.
Aim
To determine, in older patients aged ≥ 80, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with comorbidity, laboratory tests, length of stay and mortality within one year from blood withdrawal on admission to acute geriatrics ward.
Methods
We retrospectively surveyed electronic hospital health records of 830 older patients. The recorded data included patient demographics (e.g., age, sex, stay duration, readmissions number, death within one year from blood withdrawal on admission), medical diagnoses, laboratory results, including 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], and medications. We compared the characteristics of the patients who survived to those who died within one year.
Results
On admission, in 53.6% patients, vitamin D levels were lower than 50 nmol/L, and in 32%, the levels were ≤ 35 nmol/L. Persons who died were likely to be older, of male sex, were likely to be admitted for pneumonia or CHF, were likely to have lower level of albumin or hemoglobin, lower level of vitamin D or higher vitamin B12 and higher level of creatinine, were also likely to have had a lengthier hospitalization stay, a greater number of hospitalizations in the last year, a higher number of comorbidities, to have consumption of ≥5 drugs or likely to being treated with insulin, diuretics, antipsychotics, anticoagulants or benzodiazepines. Higher age, male sex, on-admission CHF, higher number of drugs, lower albumin, higher vitamin B12, vitamin D < 50 nmol/L, and consumption of antipsychotics and anticoagulants – were predictors of mortality.
Conclusion
Hypovitaminosis D is predictive of mortality in older patients within one year from hospitalization in the acute geriatric ward, but a causal relationship cannot be deduced. Nevertheless, older patients in acute care settings, because of their health vulnerability, should be considered for vitamin D testing. In the acutely ill patients, early intervention with vitamin D might improve outcomes. Accurate evaluation of mortality predictors in this age group patients may be more challenging and require variables that were not included in our study.
Immune system inspired smart maintenance framework: Tool wear monitoring use case
Authors: Pulikottil Terrin , Martinez-Arellano Giovanna , Barata Jose 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

As manufacturing industry is moving towards the fourth industrial revolution, there is an increasing need for smart maintenance systems which could provide manufacturers a competitive advantage by predicting failures. Despite various efforts by researchers, there are still challenges for these systems to work reliably in industry such as lack of adaptability, resilience, reaction to disturbances and Future-proofing. Bio-inspired frameworks like Artificial immune systems provide an alternative approach in satisfying these challenges. But existing immune based frameworks focus only on adaptive immunity characteristics and ignore innate immunity which is important for quick detection and faster response. There is a need for a holistic view of the immune system in developing a adaptive \& resilient maintenance framework.This paper presents a holistic view of the human immune system with focus on the intelligence \& response mechanism of both innate \& adaptive immunity. Inspired by this holistic view and considering the emerging computer technologies - Internet of Things, Edge \& Cloud computing, Multi-Agent system, Ontology, Big Data, Digital Twin, Machine learning and Augmented Reality - we present a smart maintenance framework. The proposed framework is used for tool condition monitoring to demonstrate its implementation.
Flash flood dynamics in the foothills of NW Himalaya: Insights into hydrological and geological controls
Authors: Sagwal Sumit , Panda Sandeep , Sengupta Dipanwita , Shahrukh Mohd , Kumar Sohan , Kumar Anil , Dutt Som 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Himalaya experiences several cloudbursts because of its physiography, geomorphology, and geology. Uttarakhand is one of the Indian states circumscribed mostly by Himalayan hills and has experienced a rise in number of cloudburst catastrophes in the last few decades. These catastrophes produce substantial loss of lives and property, still, very less studies are available that characterize these unpredictable cloudburst-flash floods in different regions of Uttarakhand. The present study discusses the geological and hydrological factors associated with the Raipur-Kumalda cloud burst in Uttarakhand's Dehradun district. The flash flood associated with this cloud burst during 20-21st August 2022 significantly damaged roads, bridges, and settlements throughout the valley. This study intends to the geological and geomorphological controls of this event by determining the peak discharge during the flood and assessing the reasons behind this. The basin geomorphometry reveals poor drainage, steep slopes, rapid peak flows, a sharp peak hydrograph, and a short concentration time worsening the impact of the flood. Different flood indices such as rising curve gradient (K), flood magnitude ratio (M), and flood response time (TP) implicitly 50 to 100 times higher discharge during the event when compared with the usual monsoonal discharge. The role of mountain topography, climate, the geology of the region, and irreversible changes of land use–land cover (LULC) associated with urbanization in the intensification of the destruction is also discussed.
Diversity in Lacrimal Pathway Morphology Among Japanese Patients with Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Nakamura Jutaro , Ohno Tomoko , Asano Mizuki , Takeuchi Masaki , Mizuki Nobuhisa , Matsumura Nozomi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective:
This prospective observational study aimed to explore the diversity in lacrimal pathway morphology among patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) by examining dacryocystography (DCG) images.
Methods:
The study involved 64 patients who underwent DCG prior to undergoing general anesthesia surgery for unilateral CNLDO. Several parameters were measured from the sagittal section DCG images: (1) The angle between the lacrimal sac and the nasolacrimal duct, (2) The angle between the superior orbital rim, the center of the lacrimal sac, and the nasolacrimal duct, (3) The length of the lacrimal sac, (4) The length of the bony nasolacrimal duct. Additionally, following parameters were measured from coronal section images: (5) The angle formed by the lacrimal sac and the nasolacrimal duct, (6) The angle formed by the lacrimal sac concerning the midline.
Results:
The average age of the patients was 34.3 months, ranging from 14 to 84 months. The mean ± standard deviation of the measurements of the above parameters were (1) − 1.2 ± 16.5° (range, − 44.6° to + 46.6°), (2) − 5.0 ± 10.3° (range, − 24.0° to + 19.0°), (3) 10.2 ± 2.4 mm (range, 6.5 mm to 16.0 mm), (4) 8.0 ± 2.5 mm (range, 3.1 mm to 14.8 mm), (5) 15.6 ± 11.2° (range, − 16.8° to + 41.0°), (5) 15.1 ± 5.2° (range, + 3.3° to + 29.8°). All parameters, except for parameter (3), conformed to a normal distribution.
Conclusions:
This study offers valuable anthropometric data derived from DCG images, and the results emphasize the substantial variability in lacrimal pathway morphology among individuals.
What is already known on this topic.
Comprehending the morphology of the lacrimal pathway is crucial for the success of probing in CNLDO patients. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of studies delving into the detailed analysis of the lacrimal pathway in pediatric CNLDO.
What this study adds
This study represents the first attempt to measure anthropometric parameters of the lacrimal drainage system in patients with CNLDO using DCG images. Moreover, probing with straight probes was considered anatomically infeasible in 25.0% of cases in the patients included in this study.
How this study might affect research, practice or policy
The results underscore significant variations in the morphology of the lacrimal drainage system among individuals. This information is pivotal for enhancing our understanding of anatomical diversities in CNLDO patients, potentially influencing both diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies.
A Global Assessment of Regional Forest Carbon Leakage
Authors: Daigneault Adam , Sohngen Brent , Belair Ethan , Ellis Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Globally, improved forest management (IFM) practices are recognized as powerful, low-cost natural climate solutions, but carbon leakage may reduce project efficacy, and uncertainty about the impact of leakage may result in underinvestment in improved forest management. While some carbon project protocols deduct predicted leakage impacts before issuing credits, the methods and rates applied are extrapolated from a small amount of evidence. This paper applies a data-driven approach to quantify project-level forest leakage impacts at regional and global scales. We use a dynamic global forest sector model to estimate the leakage effects of two forest carbon project interventions under varying implementation rates and conditions: extended rotations and permanent set asides. We then apply statistical methods to identify key drivers of varying leakage estimates. We find that leakage is considerably lower than expected—carbon leakage rarely passes 50% and is often negative—especially in the tropics and for set asides. However, rates vary considerably by policy design and are influenced by the project type, measurement period, project implementation rate, and dynamic market and ecological response to harvest schedule changes. The regionalized, condition-specific leakage estimates from this paper provide the most detailed global assessment of carbon project leakage yet assembled. These data provide an evidence base from which to discount forest management carbon projects where needed and can help ensure accurate accounting of IFM interventions’ net climate benefit.
A synchronous atmosphere-cryosphere-land response to climate on the northern Antarctic Peninsula since the mid-Holocene
Authors: Evangelista Heitor , Verkulich Sergei , Mavlyudov Bulat , Echer Mariza P. , Licinio Marcus Vinicius , Dercon Gerd , García-Rodríguez Felipe , Neto Arthur A. , Kusch Stephanie , Abuchacra Rodrigo C. , Oaquim Anna B.J. , Gonçalves Sérgio J. , Pushina Zinaida , Shimizu Marília H , Heiling Maria , Slaets Johanna , Resch Christian , Castillo Alejandra , Gruber Roman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

West Antarctica plays a pivotal role in sea level rise in projected scenarios with global socioenvironmental and economic consequences. Therefore, describing its recent and past climate history and changes is essential for identifying the main climate controls and past responses. To better understand the climatic sensitivity of this region, we analyzed sedimentary records from newly surveyed proglacial lacustrine profiles dated from the middle Holocene to the present on the North Antarctic Peninsula. We combined atmosphere-glacier-land databases that evidenced a close coupling among these compartments during intense melting events. Our analyses furthermore suggest that a short Neoglacial phase from ~2,000 kyr BP until the onset of the 20th century was possibly influenced by a combined long-term decline in total solar irradiance, Andean volcanism and ENSO.
Evaluation of pharmacy professionals' knowledge, attitude, and practice towards potential drug-drug interactions; a cross-sectional study
Authors: Geremew Derso , Anagaw Yeniewa , Ayenew Wondim , Worku Minichil , Limenh Liknaw , Tessema Tewodros , Simegn Wudneh , Erara Melak , Mitku Melese 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:The use ofmultiple medications the increased risk of potential drug-drug interactions (PDDIs) (2, 3) and the prevalence of PDDIs in the world is high (4-6), and this is a consequence of the complex adverse drug effects (ADEs)(7-9). This work assessed pharmacy professionals’ ability to recognize clinically significant potential drug-drug interactions (PDDIs) as well as the information sources they use.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacy professionals in Ethiopia. A self-administered survey was created to assess pharmacists' familiarity with PDDIs and their preferred sources of PDDI information. We employed 16 drug pairs to assess pharmacists' awareness of drug-drug interactions. The regression model was run to look at potential PDDI knowledge predictors.Results:From 183 pharmacy professionals, practical questionnaires were collected. Allopurinol and pyrazinamide received a correctly classified range of 19.7%, whereas acetaminophen/codeine and amoxicillin received a correctly classified range of 66.01% from pharmacy professionals. Only four of the 16 medication pairings evaluated were accurately categorized by more than 50% of the pharmacy professionals. Internet or applications for mobile devices were the most frequently utilized sources by respondents (n = 66, 36.1%) to check PDDI data. Years of work experience and education level regarding PDDIs were found to be the most significant indicators of a higher number of recognized drug pairs in the multiple regression analysis.Conclusion:The results of our research showed that pharmacists are lacking in knowledge and practice towards PDDIs and years of experience and working institutions of participants had strongly associated with pharmacist professionals' knowledge of PDDIs.
Dynamic of dry matter accumulation in berry, bean, and husk of six Coffea canephora genotypes during fruit maturation
Authors: Salvador Henzo , Partelli Fábio Luiz , Ramalho José Cochicho , Semedo José Nobre , Rakocevic Miroslava 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Knowledge about the dynamics of dry matter (DM) accumulation in the berry components (bean and husk) throughout maturation process could help in the definition of the most adequate moment for the harvest of each genotype. For that, were studied the berry, bean, and husk DM accumulation dynamics during the fruit maturation process of six Coffea canephora genotypes, to identify the best berry harvesting stage. Berry samples were collected every two weeks at nine maturation moments/stages. The DM accumulation was initially the highest for berry and bean, while the highest increases in husk DM happened latter. Second order polynomial regressions were fitted for berry, bean, and husk DM accumulation over time. The berry, bean and husk DM accumulation increased as fruit maturation progressed, attaining the highest values in the final stages of red berries. Beira Rio 8 genotype presented the highest DM accumulation in berries, beans, and husk. Bamburral and P1 showed the lowest berry fresh mass (FM) to bean DM ratios, while A1 showed the greatest berry FM to bean DM ratio. Not only the absolute berry and bean yield must be considered for high productive genotype selection, but also bean DM performance must account in the characterization of commercial coffee yields.
On the Impact of Social Media Recommendations on Consensus of Discrete Opinions
Authors: Auletta Vincenzo , Coppola Antonio , Ferraioli Diodato 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We consider a discrete opinion formation problem in social networks in a setting where agents are influenced by both information diffused by their social relations and from recommendations received directly from the social media manager. We study how the ''strength'' of the influence of the social media and the homophily ratio affect the probability of the agents of reaching a consensus and how these factors can determine the type of consensus reached.
In a simple 2-symmetric block model we prove that agents converge either to a consensus or to a persistent disagreement. In particular, we show that when the homophily ratio is large, the social media has a very low capacity of determining the outcome of the opinion dynamics. On the other hand, when the homophily ratio is low, the social media influence can have an important effect on the dynamics, either by making harder to reach a consensus or inducing it on extreme opinions.
Finally, in order to extend our analysis to more general and realistic settings we give some experimental evidences that our results still hold on general networks.
Characterisation of APOBEC3B-Mediated RNA Editing in Breast Cancer Cells Reveals Regulatory Roles of NEAT1 and MALAT1 lncRNAs
Authors: Clarke Paul , Zhang Chi , Lu Yujing , Wang Mei , Chen Bingjie , Xiong Feifei , Mitsopoulos Costas , Rosanesse Olivia , Li Xiuling 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

RNA editing is a crucial post-transcriptional process that influences gene expression and increases the diversity of the proteome as a result of amino acid substitution. Recently, the APOBEC3 family has emerged as a significant player in this mechanism, with APOBEC3A (A3A) having prominent roles in base editing during immune and stress responses. APOBEC3B (A3B), another family member, has gained attention for its potential role in generating genomic DNA mutations in breast cancer. In this study, we coupled an inducible expression cell model with a novel methodology for identifying differential variants in RNA (DVRs) to map A3B-mediated RNA editing sites in a breast cancer cell model. Our findings indicate that A3B engages in selective RNA editing including targeting NEAT1 and MALAT1 long non-coding RNAs that are often highly expressed in tumour cells. Notably, the binding of these RNAs sequesters A3B and suppresses global A3B activity against RNA and DNA. Release of A3B from NEAT1/MALAT1 resulted in increased A3B activity at the expense of A3A activity suggesting a regulatory feedback loop between the two family members. This research substantially advances our understanding of A3B's role in RNA editing, its mechanistic underpinnings, and its potential relevance in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.