bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of the HP version of mixed discontinuous finite element methods for reaction‐diffusion problems: The 1D case
Authors: Chen Hongsen , Chen Zhangxin , Li Baoyan 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis article studies the stability and convergence of the hp version of the three families of mixed discontinuous finite element (MDFE) methods for the numerical solution of reaction‐diffusion problems. The focus of this article is on these problems for one space dimension. Error estimates are obtained explicitly in the grid size h, the polynomial degree p, and the solution regularity; arbitrary space grids and polynomial degree are allowed. These estimates are asymptotically optimal in both h and p for some of these methods. Extensive numerical results to show convergence rates in h and p of the MDFE methods are presented. Theoretical and numerical comparisons between the three families of MDFE methods are described. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 19: 525–553, 2003
Quantitative characterization of the optical properties of absorbing polymer films: Comparative investigation of the internal reflection intensity analysis method
Authors: Liu Tao , Henderson Clifford L. , Samuels Robert 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNondestructive, three‐dimensional refractive‐index measurements are used for the determination of both the crystallinity and orientation in thin polymer films. The prism wave‐guide coupler is particularly suited for three‐dimensional isotropic and anisotropic thin‐film studies because of the quantitative character of the information obtained and the ease of data acquisition. It has been limited, however, to determining only the refractive index of transparent or weakly absorbing thin‐film samples. On the basis of thin‐film optics, this study develops a new internal reflection intensity analysis (IRIA) method, which uses the intensity information rather than the conventional mode angle values to acquire both the refractive index and the extinction coefficient over a range of transparent to highly absorbing polymer films. Therefore, the IRIA method overcomes the limitations of this prism wave‐guide coupler technique, which can only measure the refractive index of a weakly absorbing sample. With a Metricon PC‐2010 as the skeletal framework, a prototype instrument has been developed to apply and test the IRIA method. A study comparing both the refractive index and extinction coefficient obtained with ellipsometry, ultraviolet–visible/near‐infrared reflectometry, and IRIA for solvent blue 59 dyed polystyrene films confirms that the IRIA method is effective for obtaining the three‐dimensional refractive indices and extinction coefficients of polymer films. In addition, the refractive index and extinction coefficient spectrum (400–800 nm) of solvent blue 59 have been determined with the effective media theory. Furthermore, the three‐dimensional complex refractive indices of highly absorbing black electrical tape, inaccessible to other optical measurement because of its surface character, has been determined by the IRIA method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 842–855, 2003
Can field‐scale habitat diversification enhance the biocontrol potential of spiders?
Authors: Samu Ferenc 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe study investigated the effect of strip management in alfalfa on the abundance and diversity of spiders. In strip management, narrow strips were left unmown in the crop, which were then shifted at next mowing. In an experimental field, out of the six 50 × 50‐m blocks, three received strip management and three were managed traditionally (ie the whole block was mown). Our main hypothesis was that unmown strips will contain a more diverse and abundant spider assemblage, which will increase spider numbers in the mown parts of the crop. Over the 3 years of the study, unmown strips contained a spider assemblage of more than 50% higher abundance than in control alfalfa. Species diversity was also greater in the strips, and the presence of specific indicator species could be shown. We found that five dominant species comprised over 75% of spiders in the strips, and they were the same species as those that are dominant in alfalfa, where they represent 85% of all spiders. In contrast, a neighbouring meadow, which was a control in the study, also had high diversity, but different dominant species. The main result of the experiment was negative in that elevated abundance of spiders in unmown strips did not raise spider numbers in the mown strips of alfalfa, where abundance was only marginally higher than in the control alfalfa. We can speculate that better ecological conditions in unmown strips attract and conserve spiders from neighbouring areas and from the crop at mowing. We suggest that if diversification is more interspersed within the crop, we have a higher chance of increasing the number of natural enemies and bringing them closer to pests, so that they can interact more intensively.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Structure–activity relationship study of alkynyl ether insecticide synergists and the development of MB‐599 (verbutin)
Authors: Bertók Béla , Pap László , Árvai Géza , Bakonyvári Ildikó , Ribai Zsuzsanna Kuruczné 
Published: March 2003

AbstractStructure–activity relationships of aryl alkynyl synergists of the general formula of Ar–Q–R, where Q represents a bridging structure, were studied using a standardised testing system and Relative Potency values. Ethers, esters, oxime ethers, amides and amines were prepared and evaluated. The length of the R‐alkynyl chain, the role of the bridge and the substitution of the aromatic ring were examined systematically. The most potent compounds possessed an aromatic ring connected via a bridge of three atoms to an alkynyl chain, forming together a linear side‐chain of six atoms. Several highly potent compounds were synthesised of which one (MB‐599; proposed common name verbutin) was selected for development as a selective insecticide synergist in crop protection. Its high potential at practical insecticide:synergist ratios makes possible the reduction of the total amount of insect‐control chemicals applied, and its use as an additive to produce new formulations of existing insecticides makes it highly advantageous in resistance management, giving a new tool to sustain the effectiveness of a wide range of insecticides. A product containing a (1 + 1) mixture of verbutin and beta‐cypermethrin was launched in Hungary in 2002.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of Hungarian isolates of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV, potyvirus) transmitted by seeds of Cucurbita pepo var Styriaca
Authors: Tóbiás István , Palkovics László 
Published: March 2003

AbstractZucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) has emerged as an important pathogen of cucurbits within the last few years in Hungary. The Hungarian isolates show a high biological variability, have specific nucleotide and amino acid sequences in the N‐terminal region of coat protein and form a distinct branch in the phylogenetic tree. The virus is spread very efficiently in the field by several aphid species in a non‐persistent manner. It can be transmitted by seed in holl‐less seeded oil pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo (L) var Styriaca), although at a very low rate. Three isolates from seed transmission assay experiments were chosen and their nucleotide sequences of coat proteins have been compared with the available CP sequences of ZYMV. According to the sequence analysis, the Hungarian isolates belong to the Central European branch in the phylogenetic tree and, together with the ZYMV isolates from Austria and Slovenia, share specific amino acids at positions 16, 17, 27 and 37 which are characteristic only to these isolates. The phylogenetic tree suggests the common origin of distantly distributed isolates which can be attributed to widespread seed transmission.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
A New Method for the Synthesis of Baccatin III
Authors: Shiina Isamu , Iwadare Hayato , Sakoh Hiroki , Hasegawa Masatoshi , Tani Yu-ichirou , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Baccatin III was efficiently synthesized from the BC ring system of Taxol,2α,10β-dibenzyloxy-11β-(t-butyldimethylsil-oxy)-7β-hydroxy-1α-(4-methoxybenzyloxy)-8β,15,15-trimethyl-4-methylene-trans-bicyclo[6.4.0]dodecan-9-one(1), by succes-sive constructions of A and D rings via respective intramolecular pinacol coupling and oxetane forming reaction.
Enantioselective Hydrogenation of (E)-α-Phenylcinnamic Acid on Pd/TiO2 Catalyst Modified by Cinchona Alkaloids : Effect of Modifier Structure
Authors: Nitta Yuriko , Shibata Akira 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The effect of modifier structure on enantioselectivity and activity in the hydrogenation of (E)-α-phenylcinnamic acid with cinchona-modified Pd/TiO2 catalyst has been found to be in contrast to the hydrogenation of α-ketoesters with modified platinum catalysts. It is suggested that the interaction of the hydroxyl group at C9 of cinchonidine with the carboxyl group in the substrate is crucial to induce a high enantioselectivity.
Formation of Ordered Nanometer-sized Polymer Dots on Silicon by Friction Rubbing Method
Authors: Sano Masahito , Okamura Jyunko , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Regular arrays of poly(ethylene) deposits, about 10 nm high and 160 nm in diameter, separated by 340 nm, were formed by simply rubbing the polymer plate against the surface of silicon just below the melting point of the polymer.
Novel Reversible Chlorine-Gas Uptake and Release System with Bis(polypyrazolylborato)ruthenium(II) in the Solid State
Authors: Onishi Masayoshi , Ikemoto Kazuto , Hiraki Katsuma , Aoki Katsuyuki 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Novel reversible chlorine-gas uptake and release cycles were shown by the bis(polypyrazolylborato)ruthenium(II) complexes in the solid state, with their one-electron [Ru(III)]/[Ru(II)] redox-couples. Formation of ground-state charge-trandsfer species was also observed for the complexes with some halocarbon solvents.
Aqueous Soluble Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Li Bo , Shi Zujin , Lian Yongfu , Gu Zhennan 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
By condensation reaction with 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (taurine), the end of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was linked with sulfonic acid group, which enables much enhancement of the solubility of SWCNT in water.
Simultaneous Catalytic Removal of Nitrogen Oxides and Soot by Copper-Loaded MFI Zeolites
Authors: Teraoka Yasutake , Kanada Kazunori , Furukawa Hiroshi , Moriguchi Isamu , Kagawa Shuichi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Cu-loaded MFI zeolites showed the catalytic activity for the oxidation of soot and reduction of NOx simultaneously in the soot–NOx–O2 reaction system. Ion-exchanged and impregnated catalysts showed the comparable activity, but the latter was decidedly superior to the former with respect to the selectivity to NO reduction into N2.
Layered Lithium Insertion Material of LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Ohzuku Tsutomu , Makimura Yoshinari 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Layered LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 was prepared by a solid state reaction at 1000 °C in air and examined in nonaqueous lithium cells. LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 showed a rechargeable capacity of 150 mAh g−1 in 3.5–4.2 V or 200 mAh g−1 in 3.5–5.0 V. Operating voltage of Li / LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 was by 0.2–0.25 V lower than that of a cell with LiCoO2 or LiMn2O4 and by 0.15–0.3 V higher than that with LiNiO2 or LiCo1/2Ni1/2O2 due to a complex solid solution mechanism.
Relativistic Effects for Polarizabilities and Hyperpolarizabilities of Rare Gas Atoms
Authors: Nakajima Takahito , Hirao Kimihiko 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The relativistic effects for static polarizabilities α and hyperpolarizabilities γ of rare gas atoms (Ne through Rn) are investigated theoretically with the third-order Douglas–Kroll method. The results yield interesting trends of relativity in going from Ne to Rn: The relativistic effect decreases α values of Ne and Ar and increases the values of Kr, Xe, and Rn, and it decreases γ values of Rn slightly and increases the values of other rare gas atoms, while the electron correlation effect increases α and γ of all rare gas atoms.
Nanofiltration–Complexation: A New Method for Isotopic Separation of Heavy Metals
Authors: Chitry Frédéric , Pellet-Rostaing Stéphane , Vigneau Olivier , Lemaire Marc 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Nanofiltration coupled with a selective complexation step was applied to separate isotopes of neodymium and gadolinium in aqueous solution.
2,3-Tetrakis[4-(N-2-naphthyl-N-phenylamino)phenoxy]-substituted Metal-free and Metal Phthalocyanines as a Novel Class of Amorphous Molecular Materials
Authors: Ottmar Martin , Ichisaka Toshiki , Subramanian L R , Hanack Michael , Shirota Yasuhiko 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
A novel family of metal-free and metal phthalocyanines containing triarylamine moieties are synthesized. These compounds are well soluble and readily form stable amorphous glasses with high glass transition temperatures, as evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction, and constitute a new class of amorphous molecular materials.
Melting of the All-trans Planar Modification of Triblock Oligomers α-n-Alkyl-ω-n-alkoxyoligo(oxyethylene)s
Authors: Fukuhara Koichi , Akisue Miyuki , Matsuura Hiroatsu 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Melting behavior of the all-trans planar modification of triblock oligomers H(CH2)n(OCH2CH2)mO(CH2)nH (n = 6, 8, and 10; m = 1–4) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The melting point, enthalpy of melting, and entropy of melting were measured and compared with those for n-alkanes that have similar molecular structures. Structural changes in going from the crystalline phase to the liquid phase were discussed on the basis of the observed thermal behavior.
Chirooptical Control of Liquid Crystalline Textures Containing Chromium Complex by Irradiation of Circular Polarized Light
Authors: Anzai Nobuhiro , Machida Shinjiro , Horie Kazuyuki 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
A cholesteric texture was induced in the liquid crystal (a mixture of N-(4-ethoxybenzylidene)-4-n-alkylanilines doped with (R)-(+)-1,1′-bi-2-naphthol and racemic chromium tris(3-butyl-2,4-pentanedionate) (Cr(3-Buacac)3) by the irradiation of right circular polarized light (r-CPL) and resulting chiroselective photoinversion of Cr(3-Buacac)3. After irradiation of left circular polarized light (l-CPL), the cholesteric fingerprint texture was erased.
A Dramatic Improvement of Enantioselectivity of Lipase in Organic Solvents by Addition of Aqueous SDS: A Close Correlation between Enantioselectivity and Conformational Flexibility of Lipase
Authors: Ueji Shin-ichi , Nishimura Miyuki , Kudo Risa , Matsumi Rina , Watanabe Keiichi , Ebara Yasuhito 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The enantioselectivity of the lipase-catalyzed esterification of 2-(4-substituted phenoxy)propanoic acids was found to be dramatically enhanced by addition of aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a new type of additive to the reaction medium, isopropyl ether. The origin of the enhanced enantiomeric differentiation may be attributed to the increased conformational flexibility of lipase triggered by the SDS action, the flexibility of which can be estimated from the changes in the ESR spectra observed for the mobility of a spin label bound to its active-site.
Multicolor Fluorescent π-Conjugated Oligomer Having Salicylideneaniline Moieties
Authors: Nomura Ryoji , So Yoshiki , Izumi Atsushi , Nishihara Yusuke , Yoshino Katsumi , Masuda Toshio 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
A multicolor luminescence active π-conjugated oligomer, in which the emission color can be controlled by changing the wavelength of the excitation light, was synthesized by the condensation of 1,2-phenylenediamine with 5-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxyterephthalaldehyde.
Glycosyl 6-Nitro-2-benzothiazoate. A Highly Efficient Donor for β-Stereoselective Glycosylation
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Hashihayata Takashi , Mandai Hiroki 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Highly β-stereoselective glycosylations of glycosyl acceptors having a primary hydroxyl group by using a novel glycosyl donor, α-glycosyl 6-nitro-2-benzothiazoate (3), proceeded smoothly in the presence of a catalytic amount of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH) in CH2Cl2 at −78 °C to afford the corresponding glycosides in high yields. The donor 3 gave β-saccharides more dominantly compared with those using other α-glycosyl donors such as thioform- and trichloroacet-imidates or fluoride under the same conditions.
Health care utilization of families of carpenters with alcohol or substance abuse‐related diagnoses
Authors: Lipscomb Hester J. , Dement John M. , Li Leiming 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundPatterns of health care utilization of families of carpenters with and without alcohol and/or substance abuse related diagnoses (ASRD) were compared.MethodsUtilization data for families of 13,657 carpenters for a 10 year period were analyzed. Concordance of diagnoses among family members was assessed and proportionate utilization ratios were used to compare the experiences of families of carpenters with and without ASRD.ResultsTwenty‐eight percent of the spouses with ASRD had a carpenter spouse with a similar diagnosis. Twenty‐four percent of the families with a child with ASRD had a parent with one of these diagnoses compared to 9.4% of families without any children with ASRD (P < 0.0001). Families of carpenters with alcohol or ASRD also had different patterns of health care utilization.ConclusionsUtilization patterns were influenced to a significant degree by concordant diagnoses among spouses and children. Excess mental health care was seen among families of carpenters with ASRD above their care for substance abuse treatment.Am. J. Ind. Med. 43:361–368, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interactions with Aromatic Rings in Chemical and Biological Recognition
Authors: Meyer Emmanuel A. , Castellano Ronald K. , Diederich François 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIntermolecular interactions involving aromatic rings are key processes in both chemical and biological recognition. Their understanding is essential for rational drug design and lead optimization in medicinal chemistry. Different approaches—biological studies, molecular recognition studies with artificial receptors, crystallographic database mining, gas‐phase studies, and theoretical calculations—are pursued to generate a profound understanding of the structural and energetic parameters of individual recognition modes involving aromatic rings. This review attempts to combine and summarize the knowledge gained from these investigations. The review focuses mainly on examples with biological relevance since one of its aims it to enhance the knowledge of molecular recognition forces that is essential for drug development.
Crystallographic report: Polymeric [bis(N,N‐diethyldithiocarbamato) (trans‐1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene)cadmium(II)]
Authors: Chai Jishan , Lai Chian Sing , Yan Jiayi , Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe linear polymeric structure of [Cd(S2CNEt2)2(trans‐NC5H4C(H)C(H)C5H4N)]∞ shows bidentate coordination by the dithiocarbamate ligands and a distorted octahedral geometry for cadmium, defined by a trans‐N2S4 donor set. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overcharging in Colloids: Beyond the Poisson–Boltzmann Approach
Authors: Quesada‐Pérez Manuel , González‐Tovar Enrique , Martín‐Molina Alberto , Lozada‐Cassou Marcelo , Hidalgo‐Álvarez Roque 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA broad range of manufactured products and biological fluids are colloids. The ability to understand and control the processes (of scientific, technological and industrial interest) in which such colloids are involved relies upon a precise knowledge of the electrical double layer. The traditional approach to describing this ion cloud around colloidal particles has been the Gouy–Chapman model, developed on the basis of the Poisson–Boltzmann equation. Since the early 1980s, however, more sophisticated theoretical treatments have revealed both quantitative and qualitative deficiencies in the Poisson–Boltzmann theory, particularly at high ionic strengths and/or high surface charge densities. This review deals with these novel approaches, which are mostly computer simulations and approximate integral equation theories based on the so‐called primitive model. Special attention is paid to phenomena that cannot be accounted for by the classic theory as a result of neglecting ion size correlations, such as overcharging, namely, the counterion concentration in the immediate neighborhood of the surface is so large that the particle surface is overcompensated. Other illustrative examples are the nonmonotonic behavior of the electrostatic potential and attractive interactions between equally charged surfaces. These predictions are certainly remarkable and, on paper, they can have an effect on experimentally measurable quantities (for instance, electrophoretic mobility). Even so, these new approaches have scarcely been applied in practice. Thus a critical survey on the relevance of ion size correlation in real systems is also included. Overcharging of macroions can also be brought about by adsorption of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Noteworthy examples and theoretical approaches for them are also briefly reviewed.
S100A9/S100A8: Myeloid representatives of the S100 protein family as prominent players in innate immunity
Authors: Nacken Wolfgang , Roth Johannes , Sorg Clemens , Kerkhoff Claus 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNeutrophils are rapidly recruited to sites of inflammation and are thereby at the forefront of the organism's defense against numerous attacks. As unspecific phagocytes, they belong to the so‐called innate immunity. Two S100 proteins, namely S100A9 (MRP14) and S100A8 (MRP8), constitute roughly 40% of the cytosolic protein in these cells, implying by their pure abundance an important role in the effector functions of neutrophils. However, despite intense research in the past 15 years, the puzzle that may embed both molecules into the neutrophil/monocyte physiology is still incomplete. One reason might be the conformational variability the S100A9 and S100A8 molecules can adopt. They readily form hetero‐ and homodimeric, trimeric as well as tetrameric complexes, but they evidently do also exert specific functions as monomers. An ever‐increasing body of information suggests that S100A9 plays a prominent role in leukocyte trafficking and arachidonic acid metabolism. In addition, elevated levels of S100A9 and S100A8 in body fluids of inflamed tissues strengthen the view that these molecules are important players in fighting inflammation. The aim of this review is to give an update on the current developments concerning the S100A9/S100A8 molecule in biology and medicine. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:569–580, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.