bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium, Sodium and Potassium Urinary Excretion during the First Five Days of Life in Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Bert Sophie , Gouyon Jean-Bernard , Semama Denis S. 
Published: December 2003

<i>Background:</i> Hypercalciuria has been associated with the risk of nephrocalcinosis and renal stones in both adults and children. Renal calcifications are frequently encountered in preterm infants because this particular population presents most of the risk factors of increased urinary calcium excretion. Urinary calcium excretion has been shown to correlate with sodium and potassium excretions in adult patients, but these correlations have not been demonstrated in the early neonatal period yet. <i>Objective:</i> To define the relationship between calcium urinary excretion and sodium or potassium excretions in the first 5 days of life in preterm babies. <i>Methods:</i> A prospective study was conducted in 16 preterm infants born before 32 weeks of gestation (body weight 1,373 ± 310 g; gestational age 29.1 ± 1.6 weeks). Fifteen consecutive 8-hour urine collections were performed for each infant from the 8th hour of life. A plasma sample was obtained at the end of each urine collection. Sodium, potassium, calcium and creatinine were measured in urine and blood samples as often as possible. <i>Results:</i> (1) Urine sodium excretion was 6.56 ± 4.35 mmol/kg per day. (2) Urinary calcium excretion was 5.9 ± 5.4 mg/kg per day and the urinary calcium/creatinine ratio was 0.48 ± 0.39 mg/mg. (3) Urinary calcium and sodium excretion were positively correlated (r = 0.65, p = 0.0001), while an inverse correlation was found between calcium and potassium excretion (r = 0.31, p = 0.004). <i>Conclusion:</i> The mean values of urinary calcium excretion and calcium/creatinine ratio observed in our population were higher than 4 mg/kg per day and 0.4 mg/mg, respectively, i.e. boundary values previously associated with an increased risk of nephrocalcinosis. We hypothesize that an increase in urinary sodium excretion in this population may facilitate calcium excretion.
Antenatal Glucocorticoids Attenuate Activation of the Inflammatory Reaction and Clotting in Preterm Lambs
Authors: Jaarsma Anneke S. , Braaksma Margriethe A. , Geven Wil B. , van Oeveren Wim , Bambang-Oetomo Sidarto 
Published: December 2003

Recently we have shown that activation of inflammatory reaction and clotting can be found immediately after delivery in preterm lambs ventilated for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). To investigate whether antenatal glucocorticoids would attenuate postnatal activation of the inflammatory reaction and clotting, we studied ventilated preterm lambs delivered by cesarean section, 24 h after antenatal administration of betamethasone or placebo. Blood was sampled before clamping the cord, 5, 10, and 15 min after delivery, and 2-hourly afterwards. Blood was used to determine oxygenation index, alveolar – arterial partial O<sub>2</sub> difference (AaDO<sub>2</sub>), AP50 titer (see text), polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), β-glucuronidase, thrombin inhibition, activated partial thromboplastin time, and clot lysis time. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was sampled before clamping the cord and 30 min and 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after delivery and was analyzed for elastase, thrombin, and protein. After removal of the lungs, static compliance and water content of the lungs were determined. We found that betamethasone-treated lambs had lower oxygenation index and AaDO<sub>2</sub> than controls. At birth, PMN levels were higher, and the β-glucuronidase level was lower after betamethasone treatment. PMNs and β-glucuronidase did not change in betamethasone-treated lambs, in contrast to controls. Thrombin inhibition, activated partial thromboplastin time, and clot lysis time did not change in betamethasone-treated lambs, in contrast to controls. In both groups, elastase and protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increased; the thrombin level increased in controls. The static compliance was better, and the water content of the lung was lower in the betamethasone-treated lambs. We conclude that early systemic activation of inflammatory reaction and clotting in preterm lambs with RDS are attenuated by antenatal betamethasone administration. Whether this is a direct effect of betamethasone on the inflammatory reaction or a result of a reduced ventilatory support because of less severe RDS after antenatal betamethasone treatment remains to be elucidated.
Modified Exercise Test in Screening for Mitochondrial Myopathies – Adjustment of Workload in Relation to Muscle Strength
Authors: Hammarén Elisabet , Rafsten Lena , Kreuter Margareta , Lindberg Christopher 
Published: December 2003

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a modification of the bicycle ergometer test, the subanaerobic threshold exercise test (SATET), as a screening test for patients with mitochondrial myopathies. Since the original SATET is frequently found to be strenuous for weak patients, a new variable (relative muscle strength) was added to the workload formula. Plasma lactate levels were recorded at rest, then after 5 and 15 min of cycling on an ergometer, with constant workload. Nine patients with mitochondrial myopathy, 10 patients with other neuromuscular diseases and 9 healthy but sedentary volunteers undertook the test. An upper reference limit after exercise for plasma lactate was settled at 2.9 mmol/l. The modified SATET showed a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity compared to the healthy subjects of 100%. Compared to patients with other neuromuscular diseases, the specificity was lower (60%). All subjects completed the test without severe fatigue or pain.
Treatment of Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus with Hydrochlorothiazide and Amiloride in an Adult Patient
Authors: Konoshita Tadashi , Kuroda Masahiro , Kawane Takashi , Koni Ichiro , Miyamori Isamu , Tofuku Yohei , Mabuchi Hiroshi , Takeda Ryoyu 
Published: December 2003

<i>Aim:</i> The effects of treatment with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) combined with amiloride were elucidated and compared to HCTZ treatment alone and combined with acemetacin or triamterene in a Japanese adult patient with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. <i>Methods:</i> The study was divided into seven periods: (1) HCTZ and acemetacin; (2) control period; (3) HCTZ; (4) a second control period; (5) HCTZ and amiloride; (6) a third control period, and (7) HCTZ and triamterene. Fluid intake, urine volume, urinary Na, K, creatinine, and osmolality and serum Na, K, Cl, CO<sub>2</sub>, and osmolality were measured, and free water clearance and proximal and distal tubular Na reabsorption rates were calculated. <i>Results:</i> Without drug administration, the urine volume was about 8,000 ml/day. The urine volume was reduced to about 6,000 ml/day with HCTZ. A further urine volume reduction to about 5,000 ml/day was obtained with the second drug administration, and the effects were similar among the three regimens. Serum and urinary osmolality and free water clearance were also similar among the three combinations, whereas the urinary potassium excretion was the least, and the serum potassium concentration was the highest with HCTZ plus amiloride. Besides, no alkalosis was observed only with this combination. <i>Conclusion:</i> HCTZ plus amiloride may be superior to HCTZ plus acemetacin and HCTZ plus triamterene in preventing hyperkaliuria, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis.
Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> Is a Strong Determinant of Low Methionine Synthase Activity and DNA Hypomethylation in Gastrectomized Rats
Authors: Brunaud Laurent , Alberto Jean-Marc , Ayav Ahmet , Gérard Philippe , Namour Farès , Antunes Laurent , Braun Marc , Bronowicki Jean-Pierre , Bresler Laurent , Guéant Jean-Louis 
Published: December 2003

<i>Background/Aims:</i> The respective influence of folate and vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency on MTR activity and transcription, and on DNA methylation is not clearly established. The aim of this study was to assess the respective influence of folate and vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency on MTR transcription and activity, and on DNA methylation. <i>Methods:</i> Sixty-one rats were administered normal diet or diet deficient in choline, methionine, folic acid and vitamin B<sub>12</sub>. Forty-seven of them underwent total gastrectomy or ileal resection. <i>Results:</i> Low vitamin B<sub>12</sub> was observed only in gastrectomized rats. Low folate was observed in rats under deficient diet. Total MTR activity (holo- + apoenzyme) was lowered only with vitamin B<sub>12</sub> level <200 pmol/l (p = 0.0002), while the ratios of total vs. holo-MTR activity and of transcripts MTR vs. GAPDH (RT-PCR) were unchanged. Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> was the single determinant of low MTR (lower quartile, odds ratio = 15.75, p = 0.0017). Low MTR and low vitamin B<sub>12</sub> were the two determinants of DNA hypomethylation (lower quartile) (odds ratio = 17.07, p = 0.0006, and odds ratio = 7.31, p = 0.006, respectively). <i>Conclusion:</i> Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> affects MTR expression by a non-transcriptional mechanism different from a protective effect on MTR proteolysis. It is also a strong determinant of DNA hypomethylation.
Usefulness of Preoperative Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced Cervical Carcinoma
Authors: Shibata Kiyosumi , Kikkawa Fumitaka , Suzuki Yuka , Terauchi Mikio , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Ino Kazuhiko , Mizutani Shigehiko 
Published: December 2003

This study investigated response rate, toxicity, and influence on intra- and postoperative complications of neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation in locally advanced (Figo IB2–IIIB) cervical carcinomas. Twenty-eight patients (median age 46.5 years, age range 29–73 years), diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinomas (n = 21), adenocarcinomas (n = 6), and undifferentiated carcinoma (n = 1), entered this study. The chemoradiation protocol included external radiotherapy to the pelvis (39.6 Gy), intra-arterial or intravenous infusion of cisplatin (70 mg/m<sup>2</sup> on days 1 and 22), and 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (700 mg/m<sup>2</sup> on days 1–4 and 22–25). Two weeks after the end of chemoradiotherapy, the patients underwent restaging followed by suitable operation including pelvic lymphadenectomy. The median follow-up period in the surviving patients was 13.1 months. The response rate for chemoradiation was 93% (26/28). The 2-year disease free survival was 85.2%. Grade 3–4 neutropenia was observed in 14 patients (50%), 4 patients (14%) showed grade 3 anemia, and 5 patients (17.8%) showed grade 3–4 thrombocytopenia. Nineteen patients (67.8%) could undergo surgery after concurrent chemoradiation. Pathological examination revealed a complete response (pT0) in 7 patients, and 5 patients showed only microscopic residual disease (pTmic). In 4 patients, there were intraoperative complications: vesical lesions in 2 (10%) and small intestine lesions in 2 (10%). Neoadjuvant therapy with concurrent chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical carcinoma is effective, safe, and useful for increasing operability rates as well as decreasing intra- and postoperative complications. Therefore, neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation should be considered for treatment in patients with locally advanced cervical carcinomas who could not undergo primary operation.
Stabilitätserhaltende Reduktion nichtlinearer Modelle (Stability-Preserving Nonlinear Model Reduction)
Authors: Wolf P. , Renninger H. , Rehfus B. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Wir haben ein allgemeines Reduktionsverfahren für Modelle nichtlinearer Systeme auf ein komponentenorientiertes Simulationsmodell angewendet und sind dabei auf einige Nachteile dieser Methode gestoßen. Beispielsweise gehen die physikalische Interpretierbarkeit der Variablen und Konstanten sowie Stabilitätseigenschaften des Modells verloren. Diese Probleme können umgangen werden, indem Teilsysteme des Modells auf Standardkomponenten des Ausgangsmodells projiziert werden. Dadurch wird die physikalische Bedeutung der Variablen und Konstanten automatisch erhalten. Werden bei der Projektion Nebenbedingungen berücksichtigt, kann sogar Stabilität gewährleistet werden. Wir haben unsere Methode auf ein hydrodynamisches Modell angewendet und konnten hinreichende Stabilitätsbedingungen formulieren.
Rekonfiguration linearer Systeme bei Aktor- und Sensorfehlern (Reconfiguration of Linear Systems with Actuator and Sensor Faults)
Authors: Lunze Jan , Steffen T. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, wie nach dem Ausfall von Aktoren oder Sensoren eine Regelung durch Rekonfiguration wieder hergestellt und das System in den nominalen Arbeitspunkt zurückgeführt werden kann. Bei Aktorfehlern ist dieses Ziel nur in speziellen Fällen erreichbar. Die Lösung besteht dann in einer statischen Kopplung der verbleibenden Eingänge. Der allgemeine Ansatz zur Behandlung von Sensorsfehlern ist der Einsatz eines reduzierten Beobachters. Beide Fälle werden detailliert untersucht und die Ergebnisse an einem Anwendungsbeispiel illustriert.
Ein Beitrag zur Systemtheorie ereignisdiskreter Systeme – Teil 1: Der Zeitbereich (A Note on System Theoretic Elements of Discrete Event Systems – Part 1: Time Domain)
Authors: Jäkel H. , Kiencke Uwe 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Der Beitrag beschreibt einen elementaren Zugang zur ereignisdiskreten Systemtheorie. Die Definitionen und Eigenschaften lassen sich aufgrund des hohen Wiedererkennungseffektes leicht verinnerlichen. Nach den Definitionen zur Systemtheorie werden Beispiele zur Anwendung der Begriffe bei existierenden Systemen diskutiert. Der in diesem Artikel definierte Begriff der Ereigniserhaltung definiert eine Charakteristik ereignisdiskreter Systeme und wird ebenfalls anhand eines Beispiels dargestellt. Die Ereigniserhaltung kann durch Betrachtung der Impulsantwort des Systems charakterisiert werden.
Reaktive Kontrolle komplexer autonomer Systeme in einer agentenorientierten Mehrschichtenarchitektur (Reactive Control of Autonomous Systems within an Agent-oriented Multi-layer Architecture)
Authors: Martens C. , Gräser A. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Bei dem Entwurf einer Kontrollarchitektur für komplexe autonome Systeme, wie Roboter- oder Fertigungssysteme sind eine Vielzahl von Anforderungen zu berücksichtigen. Diese Systeme müssen Befehle auf hohem Abstraktionsniveau entgegennehmen, verarbeiten und sich während der Befehlsausführung automatisch auf Änderungen in der Umwelt einstellen. In diesem Beitrag wird der Entwurf einer agentenorientierten Mehrschichtenarchitektur für den Rehabilitationsroboter FRIEND vorgestellt. Schwerpunkt des Beitrags ist die detaillierte Beschreibung der reaktiven Schicht und deren Integration in die vorgestellte Mehrschichtenarchitektur.
Eine neue Kaskadenstruktur (A New Structure for Cascade Control)
Authors: Graf Klemens , Wurmthaler C. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Der Entwurf und die Inbetriebnahme von Kaskadenregelungen wird durch die in der üblichen Struktur stets vorhandene Abhängigkeit zwischen den Regelkreisen erschwert. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine aus Steuerungsüberlegungen gewonnene neue Kaskadenstruktur vor, die voneinander unabhängige Regelkreise aufweist. Die neue Struktur besitzt dadurch den wesentlichen Vorteil, dass Entwurf und Inbetriebnahme der Regler voneinander unabhängig und in beliebiger Reihenfolge vorgenommen werden können.
Strukturierte Polvorgabe für PMD Prozesse (Structural Pole Assignment for PMD Processes)
Authors: Lampe B. P. , Rosenwasser E. N. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Der Artikel behandelt das Problem der strukturierten Polvorgabe für PMD (Polynomial Matrix Description) Prozesse, das im Zusammenhang mit dem Entwurf von Regelgesetzen entsteht, wenn die Lage der Eigenwerte der charakteristischen Matrix des geschlossenen Systems in der komplexen Ebene und außerdem die Struktur der Menge ihrer invarianten Polynome vorgegeben wird.
Ein Beitrag zur Systemtheorie ereignisdiskreter Systeme – Teil 2: Der Bildbereich (A Note on System Theoretic Elements of Discrete Event Systems – Part 2: Range Domain)
Authors: Jäkel H. , Kiencke Uwe 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Dieser Beitrag erweitert den ersten Teil der Beitragsreihe um die Darstellung von ereignisdiskreten Signalen im Bildbereich. Hierzu werden algebraische Verfahren verwendet, die anschaulich interpretiert werden und sich somit leicht nachvollziehen lassen. Die Beschreibung der Systeme erfolgt mittels einer Systemfunktion. Dies geschieht analog zur Signaldefinition durch die Betrachtung der Auftretenszeitpunkte einzelner Ereignisse. In einem Beispiel wird eine Systemfunktion berechnet und deren Aussage unter praktischen Gesichtspunkten diskutiert.
Verifikation von Funktionsbausteinadaptern durch Modelchecking (Verification of Function Block Adapters through Modelchecking)
Authors: Heverhagen Torsten 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Die Unified Modeling Language (UML) gewinnt in der Automatisierungstechnik immer mehr an Bedeutung. In der Version 2.0 enthält die UML so genannte “Ports”, die unter anderem eine Integration der UML in ein stark heterogenes automatisierungstechnisches Umfeld erleichtern. Speziell zur Integration mit Sprachen für speicherprogrammierbare Steuerungen wurden Ports der UML als Schnittstelle zu Funktionsbausteinen der IEC 61131-3 eingesetzt. Die Umsetzung der unterschiedlichen Protokollarten erfolgt hierbei durch Funktionsbausteinadapter (FBAs). In diesem Artikel wird das logische, plattformunabhängige Verhalten von FBAs mit Hilfe kommunizierender endlicher Automaten beschrieben. Durch symbolisches Modelchecking wird dieses Automatenmodell anschließend auf häufige Spezifikationsfehler überprüft.
Optimale Parametrisierung eines Triebwerksreglers (Optimal Parameterisation of a Jet Engine Controller)
Authors: Lachmann Stefan , Giesa Dennis , Dlabka Michael 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
In dieser Arbeit wird ein Verfahren zur Auslegung eines robusten, optimalen, linearen Reglers für ein nichtlineares System vorgestellt. Das nichtlineare System wird durch ein nominelles lineares Modell mit Unsicherheiten dargestellt. Im Gegensatz zur μ-Synthese können bei diesem Verfahren beliebige feste Reglerstrukturen vorgegeben werden. Die Bestimmung der Parameter des Reglers erfolgt dabei mittels Optimierung bezüglich vorgegebener Zeit- und Frequenzbereichskriterien. Zur Bewertung der robusten Performanz wird die μ-Analyse als weiteres Kriterium eingesetzt. Die Leistungsfähigkeit des Verfahrens wird anhand der Auslegung einer Drehzahlregelung eines Strahltriebwerkes demonstriert.
Ein neues Verfahren zur Ermittlung aktueller Betriebszustände bei selbsteinstellenden multi-modell-gestützten Regelungssystemen (A New Method for Determining Current Operating Points in Adaptive Control Systems based on Multi-models)
Authors: Feng Zhengyuan , Schöne Armin 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Um multi-modell-gestützte adaptive Regelungssysteme anwenden zu können, muss man den Betriebszustand, der das jeweils aktuelle Submodell kennzeichnet, im laufenden Prozess zuverlässig erkennen. Es ist üblich, hierzu fortlaufend ermittelte Schätzwerte der Modellparameter zu verwenden. Bei schwachen Eingangsanregungen weichen diese stark von den wahren Werten ab. Mit den bekannten Verfahren kann dann der jeweilige Betriebszustand nicht mehr bestimmt werden. In der Arbeit wird nachgewiesen, dass aus dem für die linearen Submodelle verwendeten Ansatz eine Funktion der Parameterschätzwerte abgeleitet werden kann, die auch bei schwachen Eingangsanregungen identifizierbar ist. Damit ist in großen Anwendungsbereichen auch aus ungenauen Parameterschätzwerten eine sichere und vor allem auch schnelle Erkennung des gültigen Betriebszustandes möglich.
The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Thermochemical Database Project
Authors: Mompeán Federico J. , Wanner Hans 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Thermochemical Database Project aims at making available a comprehensive, internally consistent and quality assured chemical thermodynamic database of selected chemical elements. This database should meet the specialized modeling requirements for safety assessments of radioactive waste disposal systems. This paper describes the evolution of the project from its inception in 1984 to the present organization as a semi-autonomous project under the aegis of the OECD NEA. The scientific principles behind the project organization have not been altered and the effort has resulted in the publication of five major reviews on the chemical thermodynamics of inorganic species and compounds of U, Np, Pu, Am and Tc. Currently, a second series of reviews is being prepared updating the existing, CODATA compatible, database and extending it to include selected data on inorganic species of compounds of Ni, Se and Zr as well as organic complexes with citrate, oxalate, EDTA and iso-saccharinic acid with U, Np, Pu, Am, Tc, Ni, Se, Zr and some other competing cations.
The supramolecular speciation: a key for improved understanding and modelling of chemical reactivity in complex systems
Authors: Cote Gérard 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to show through various examples that the "supramolecular" speciation is a key for the understanding and modelling of phenomena as varied as unusually rapid mass transfers in solvent extraction, organic phase splitting in liquid-liquid systems and complex behaviours of the organic matter in the environment.
Actinide speciation in the environment
Authors: Choppin Gregory R. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe chemical behavior of the actinide elements in the environment depends upon their oxidation state and chemical species. Plutonium is the major transuranic element in the environment due to releases in nuclear weapons testing. The major factors influencing environmental behavior of plutonium, including redox, compexation, colloid formation, solubility,etc.are discussed. The strong hydrolysis and low solubility of Pu(OH)4limits the solubility concentrations of plutonium in the other, more soluble oxidation states and results in plutonium in environmental waters being mainly present in colloids. To perform valid modeling, it is necessary to have reliable knowledge on the nature of plutonium present, the oxidation state (or states) and reliable stability constants for the complexes which may be formed in these oxidation states. These problems and possible approaches to their solution are the main focus of this paper.
On the use of time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (TRLIF) and electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) for speciation studies
Authors: Moulin Christophe 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Time-Resolved Laser Induced fluorescence (TRLIF) and ElectroSpray Mass Spectrometry (ES-MS) are used for speciation studies. While the former has been used for long time, the latter is rather new in the field of speciation. These two techniques have different advantages such as sensitivity (especially for TRLIF), selectivity and multielement capabilities (in case of ES-MS). Examples obtained from studies carried out within the CEA are presented. Concerning TRLIF, emphasis is put on uranyl ion speciation in nitric acid to phosphoric acid going through hydroxo complexes. Concerning ES-MS, humic substances identification as well as speciation of cesium, zirconium, thorium and uranyl ions in various complexing media are presented. Comparisons of TRLIF and ES-MS results are made in the case of uranyl hydroxo complexes and favourably compared with OECD data. Trends for these two techniques are also discussed.