bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morbidity After Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Primary Breast Cancer: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Purushotham Anand David , Upponi Sara , Klevesath Manfred Borislav , Bobrow Lynda , Millar Keith , Myles Jonathan Peter , Duffy Stephen William 
Published: June 2005

Purpose Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) as part of surgical treatment for patients with breast cancer is associated with significant morbidity. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a newly developed method of staging the axilla and has the potential to avoid an ALND in lymph node–negative patients, thereby minimizing morbidity. The aim of this study was to investigate physical and psychological morbidity after SLNB in the treatment of early breast cancer in a randomized controlled trial. Patients and Methods Between November 1999 and February 2003, 298 patients with early breast cancer (tumors 3 cm or less on ultrasound examination) who were clinically node negative were randomly allocated to undergo ALND (control group) or SLNB followed by ALND if subsequently found to be lymph node positive (study group). A detailed assessment of physical and psychological morbidity was performed during a 1-year period postoperatively. Results A significant reduction in postoperative arm swelling, rate of seroma formation, numbness, loss of sensitivity to light touch and pinprick was observed in the study group. Although shoulder mobility was less impaired on average in the study group, this was significant only for abduction at 1 month and flexion at 3 months. Scores reflecting quality of life and psychological morbidity were significantly better in the study group in the immediate postoperative period, with fewer long-term differences. Conclusion SLNB in patients undergoing surgery for breast cancer results in a significant reduction in physical and psychological morbidity.
Comparison of HER2 Status by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemistry to Predict Benefit From Dose Escalation of Adjuvant Doxorubicin-Based Therapy in Node-Positive Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Dressler Lynn G. , Berry Donald A. , Broadwater Gloria , Cowan David , Cox Kelly , Griffin Stephanie , Miller Ashley , Tse Jessica , Novotny Debra , Persons Diane L. , Barcos Maurice , Henderson I. Craig , Liu Edison T. , Thor Ann , Budman Dan , Muss Hy , Norton Larry , Hayes Daniel F. 
Published: June 2005

Purpose HER2 is a clinically important tumor marker in breast cancer; however, there is controversy regarding which method reliably measures HER2 status. We compared three HER2 laboratory methods: immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), to predict disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) after adjuvant doxorubicin-based therapy in node-positive breast cancer patients. Methods This is a Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) study, using 524 tumor blocks collected from breast cancer patients registered to clinical trial CALGB 8541. IHC employed CB11 and AO-11-854 monoclonal antibodies; FISH used PathVysion HER2 DNA Probe kit; PCR utilized differential PCR (D-PCR) methodology. Results Cases HER2 positive by IHC, FISH and D-PCR were 24%, 17%, and 18%, respectively. FISH and IHC were clearly related (κ = 64.8%). All three methods demonstrated a similar relationship for DFS and OS. By any method, for patients with HER2-negative tumors, there was little or no effect of dose of adjuvant doxorubicin-based therapy. For patients with HER2-positive tumors, all three methods predicted a benefit from dose-intense (high-dose) compared with low- or moderate-dose adjuvant doxorubicin-based therapy. Conclusion FISH is a reliable method to predict clinical outcome following adjuvant doxorubicin-based therapy for stage II breast cancer patients. There is a moderate level of concordance among the three methods (IHC, FISH, PCR). None of the methods is clearly superior. Although IHC-positive/FISH-positive tumors yielded the greatest interaction with dose of therapy in predicting outcome, no combination of assays tested was statistically superior.
Multicenter Study of a Frozen Glove to Prevent Docetaxel-Induced Onycholysis and Cutaneous Toxicity of the Hand
Authors: Scotté Florian , Tourani Jean-Marc , Banu Eugeniu , Peyromaure Michel , Levy Eric , Marsan Sandrine , Magherini Emmanuelle , Fabre-Guillevin Elisabeth , Andrieu Jean-Marie , Oudard Stéphane 
Published: June 2005

Purpose Onycholysis and skin toxicity occur in approximately 30% of patients treated with docetaxel. We investigated the efficacy and safety of an Elasto-Gel (84400 APT Cedex, Akromed, France) frozen glove (FG) for the prevention of docetaxel-induced onycholysis and skin toxicity. Patients and Methods Patients receiving docetaxel 75 mg/m2 alone or in combination chemotherapy were eligible for this case-control study. Each patient wore an FG for a total of 90 minutes on the right hand. The left hand was not protected and acted as the control. Onycholysis and skin toxicity were assessed at each cycle by National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria and documented by photography. Wilcoxon matched-pairs rank test was used. Results Between August 2002 and September 2003, 45 patients were evaluated. Onycholysis and skin toxicity were significantly lower in the FG-protected hand compared with the control hand (P = .0001). Onycholysis was grade (G) 0 in 89% v 49% and G1 to 2 in 11% v 51% for the FG-protected hand and the control hand, respectively. Skin toxicity was G0 in 73% v 41% and G1 to 2 in 27% v 59% for the FG-protected and the control hand, respectively. Median time to nail and skin toxicity occurrence was not significantly different between the FG-protected and the control hand, respectively (106 v 58 days for nail toxicity; 57 v 58 days for skin toxicity). Five patients (11%) experienced discomfort due to cold intolerance. Conclusion FG significantly reduces the nail and skin toxicity associated with docetaxel and provides a new tool in supportive care management to improve a patient's quality of life.
Improved blocking properties of short‐chain alkanethiol monolayers self‐assembled on gold
Authors: Wanunu Meni , Vaskevich Alexander , Rubinstein Israel 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBlocking of gold surfaces by self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of n‐octanethiol (OT) was investigated. Short‐chain alkanethiols such as OT are known to form loosely‐packed SAMs with abundant defects and pinholes, exhibiting poor blocking of the gold surface. Hence, gold substrates subjected to 20 h OT adsorption manifested excessive electrochemical penetrability, low contact angles with a large hysteresis, and extensive exchange of functional disulfide molecules into the OT SAM. It is shown that a single electrochemical cycle in H2SO4 solution after 1 h OT adsorption, followed by another 20 h adsorption, results in a dramatic improvement of the coverage and blocking properties of the SAM, showing considerably lower electrochemical penetrability, improved contact angles, and sluggish exchange of the functional molecules into the OT SAM. Insertion of the latter molecules into the monolayer was monitored by their ability to coordinatively attach ligand‐substituted gold nanoparticles.
X‐ray reflectivity study of cyclic peptide monolayers at the air‐water interface
Authors: Ahmad Farhan , Constabel Friederike , Geckeler Kurt E. , Seeck Oliver H. , Seo Young‐Soo , Satija Sushil K. , Kubik Stefan , Shin Kwanwoo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe dynamic and living characteristics of monolayers at the air‐water interface of a cyclohexapeptide (C6G) and a cyclooctapeptide (C8G), both composed of glutamic acid and 3‐aminobenzoic acid subunits in an alternating sequence, were investigated using the Langmuir balance technique, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), and X‐ray reflectivity (XR). An alanine‐containing cyclohexapeptide (C6A) was included in this study for comparison. All three cyclopeptides preferentially adopt an orientation parallel to the subphase at low surface pressure. Continuous compression then causes the molecules to flip to a perpendicular state, thus minimizing their molecular area. In contrast to C8G and C6A, a pronounced hysteresis observed during the compression‐expansion cycle of C6G indicates that strong intermolecular interactions between the cyclopeptide rings occur in the monolayers of this peptide. This result is supported by BAM measurements that show the formation of crystallite structures for C6G at high surface pressures, whereas no structures were observed for C8G and C6A. These results indicate that C6G is able to self‐assemble upon surface compression, an ability that is obviously critically dependent on the correct ring size and composition of the peptide. The presence of hydrogen bond acceptors in the side chains of C6G suggests that the structural stabilization of the monolayer is due to H‐bonding, possibly between ring NH groups and side chain CO groups. Our in situ study thus provides a detailed understanding of the molecular dynamics and uninterrupted interfacial behavior of the three peptides in a real‐time frame.
Self‐assembly of peptide nanotubes and amyloid‐like structures by charged‐termini‐capped diphenylalanine peptide analogues
Authors: Reches Meital , Gazit Ehud 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe had recently demonstrated that the diphenylalanine peptide, the core recognition motif of the Alzheimer's ß‐amyloid polypeptide, self‐assembles into a novel class of peptide nanotubes. The formation of well‐ordered supramolecular structures at the nanoscale by such a simple peptide was consistent with our suggestion that aromatic interactions may provide order and directionality needed for the formation of fibrillar peptide structures. Yet, we could not rule out a contribution of the charged amine and carboxyl moieties at the termini of the short peptide. In order to explore the potential role of electrostatic interaction in the assembly process we have studied a modified non‐charged peptide analogue, Ac‐Phe–Phe‐NH2, in which the N‐terminal amine was acetylated and the C‐terminal carboxyl was amidated. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy analyses demonstrated that this peptide analogue self‐assembles into highly‐ordered tubular structures, as observed with the NH2‐Phe–Phe‐COOH. Also, infrared spectroscopy revealed an amide I absorbance pattern that is very similar to that of the non‐modified peptide. Furthermore, an amidated NH2‐Phe–Phe‐NH2 peptide, which has a net positive charge, also self‐assembled into ordered tubular structures. On the other hand, the amine‐modified analogues Boc‐Phe–Phe‐COOH, Z‐Phe–Phe‐COOH, and Fmoc‐Phe–Phe‐COOH peptides formed amyloid‐like structures that had a significantly smaller diameter. Taken together, the current study further supports our hypothesis regarding the role of aromatic interactions in the self‐assembly of amyloid fibrils and amyloid‐associated nanostructures that can be modulated by simple chemical modifications.
Templated self‐assembly of porphyrin cages
Authors: Elemans Johannes A. A. W. , Slagt Vincent F. , Rowan Alan E. , Nolte Roeland J. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe development of self‐assembling catalysts, although an often‐tried approach, has achieved little success so far. Toward the construction of substrate selective catalysts, we have self‐assembled a porphyrin cage based upon the recognition of the templates meso‐dipyridyl (DPyP) or meso‐tetrapyridyl porphyrin (TPyP) by glycoluril‐based receptors that are functionalized with two pendant zinc porphyrins.
Multivalent aggregation of cyclodextrin gold nanoparticles and adamantyl‐terminated guest molecules
Authors: Crespo‐Biel Olga , Jukovic Amela , Karlsson Maria , Reinhoudt David N. , Huskens Jurriaan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe formation of large network aggregates composed of gold nanoparticles bearing surface‐immobilizedß‐cyclodextrin (CD) hosts whose assembly is driven by adamantyl‐terminated guest molecules was studied as a function of the number of interactions and the geometry of the guest molecules. The assembly was shown to be strong, specific, and irreversible by addition of an adamantyl‐terminated dendrimer leading to strong aggregation of the CD–Au nanoparticles and consequently to the formation of an insoluble precipitate. The bis‐adamantane guest molecule 3 allowed more control over the self‐assembly of such aggregates. Intramolecular interactions (at the same particle) were favored in this case over the intermolecular interactions (between particles), and the aggregation process of this guest could be inhibited by a monovalent competitor in solution.
Fullerene‐ and porphyrin‐appended crown ethers: Synthesis and preparation of stable langmuir and langmuir‐blodgett films
Authors: Marotti Federica , Bonifazi Davide , Gehrig Regula , Gallani Jean‐Louis , Diederich FrançOis 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe synthesis of a series (1–5) of fullerene and Zn(II)‐porphyrin amphiphiles with polar dibenzo[24]crown‐8 headgroups is described. Their ability to form Langmuir monolayers at the air‐water interface was investigated in a systematic study. The Langmuir films were characterized by their surface pressure versus molecular area isotherms, compression and expansion cycles, and Brewsterangle microscopy. Complexation of larger alkali metal cations (K+ and Cs+) by the polar headgroups leads to higher molecular area requirements and a better anchoring to the aqueous subphase. The monolayers of the porphyrin‐(dibenzo[24]crown‐8) conjugates were transferred as Langmuir—Blodgett films onto glass slides and the films characterized by UV‐vis spectroscopy and grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction. Good evidence was obtained that the porphyrin‐fullerene‐crown ether triad 5 adopts a sandwich geometry in the LB films. In such an arrangement, the electron‐attracting carbon sphere benefits from attractive interactions with the sandwiching electron‐rich porphyrin and crown ether chromophores. The described films could have potential applications as functional materials in optical and electronic technology.
Calculation of soret‐shifted dew points by continuous mixture thermodynamics
Authors: Rosner Daniel E. , Arias‐Zugasti Manuel , LaMantia Barbara 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSoret‐induced local concentration changes, very large numbers of condensable species, and condensate nonideality combine to make the calculation of isobaric dew‐point surface temperatures, Tdp, and corresponding incipient condensate compositions (xi, i = 1, 2, …, N) nontrivial, even with advanced computational methods. As usual in the canonical isobaric “dew‐point ” situation, the mainstream vapor mixture state [composition yi (i = 1, 2, …, N), T, and p] is fully specified. We consider here, for illustrative purposes, the tractable but frequently encountered limiting case of a very large number (perhaps dozens, if not hundreds) of condensable, nonreacting species that are members of a homologous series (such as n‐alkanes in a fuel “blend”), dilute in a “noncondensable ” carrier gas (such as N2). Pseudo‐binary Ludwig–Soret coefficients for the vapor phase are estimated from the corresponding Schmidt numbers and gas‐kinetic theory. As in our earlier studies (which emphasized binary “regular ” solutions of alkali sulfates), of particular current interest is the extent of systematic Soret‐induced shifts in the predicted dew‐point (wall) temperature and associated condensate composition/properties (such as viscosity). This often‐overlooked feature removes the present class of univariate problems from the province of classical continuous thermodynamics. Three efficient continuous mixture theory (CMT)–based computational methods are proposed/illustrated/compared, two moment‐based, and all exploiting Gaussian quadratures. We find that accurate results can be obtained while avoiding prescribing the shape of the distribution function in the condensate, using as few as three to four rationally selected “pseudo‐components.” © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Pregabalin‐withdrawal encephalopathy and splenial edema: A link to high‐altitude illness?
Authors: Oaklander Anne Louise , Buchbinder Bradley R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA postherpetic‐neuralgia patient abruptly discontinued pregabalin. Thirty hours later, unexplained nausea, headache, and ataxia developed, progressing to delirium 8 days later. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated T2‐hyperintense lesions of her splenium. Similar magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities, interpreted as focal vasogenic edema, develop in some epileptic patients after rapid anticonvulsant withdrawal. Patients with high‐altitude cerebral edema have similar splenial‐predominant magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities that accompany these same neurological symptoms. This case is the first to associate anticonvulsant‐withdrawal splenial abnormalities with neurological symptoms, with gabapentin‐type anticonvulsants, and is among the first in nonepileptic patients, suggesting that sudden anticonvulsant withdrawal alone, unaccompanied by seizures, can initiate symptomatic focal brain edema. The similarity of this syndrome to high‐altitude cerebral edema suggests a possible common pathophysiology and offers potential therapies. Ann Neurol 2005
Palladiumkatalysierte Kreuzkupplungen in der Totalsynthese
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Bulger Paul G. , Sarlah David 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWenn man die Entwicklung der organischen Chemie betrachtet, kommt man schnell zu dem Schluss, dass kein Reaktionstyp dieses Gebiet in vergleichbarer Weise geprägt hat wie die Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff‐Kupplungen. Grignard‐, Diels‐Alder‐ und Wittig‐Reaktionen sind nur drei herausragende Beispiele für solche Prozesse, die im vergangenen Jahrhundert zweifellos entscheidend am Aufstieg der chemischen Synthese beteiligt waren. Im letzten Viertel des 20. Jahrhunderts bereicherte eine neue Familie von leistungsfähigen Reaktionen zur Knüpfung von Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff‐Bindungen das Repertoire der Synthesechemie: die übergangsmetallkatalysierten Reaktionen, allen voran die palladiumkatalysierten Kreuzkupplungen. In diesem Aufsatz werden Auszüge aus einer Reihe von ausgewählten Synthesen diskutiert. Die Beispiele sollen die enorme Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Prozesse in der Kunst der Totalsynthese aufzeigen und ihr Potenzial für zukünftige chemische Synthesen unterstreichen.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Total Synthesis
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Bulger Paul G. , Sarlah David 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn studying the evolution of organic chemistry and grasping its essence, one comes quickly to the conclusion that no other type of reaction plays as large a role in shaping this domain of science than carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions. The Grignard, Diels–Alder, and Wittig reactions are but three prominent examples of such processes, and are among those which have undeniably exercised decisive roles in the last century in the emergence of chemical synthesis as we know it today. In the last quarter of the 20th century, a new family of carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions based on transition‐metal catalysts evolved as powerful tools in synthesis. Among them, the palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions are the most prominent. In this Review, highlights of a number of selected syntheses are discussed. The examples chosen demonstrate the enormous power of these processes in the art of total synthesis and underscore their future potential in chemical synthesis.
ONTOWEB: Implementing an ontology‐based Web retrieval system
Authors: Kim Hyun Hee 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe design and implementation of an ontology‐based Web retrieval (ONTOWEB) system is described; ONTOWEB allows the semantic search of the Web resources of international organizations such as the World Bank and the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD). A firm's knowledge management project is introduced first, followed by a description of the ONTOWEB system's design, implementation, and evaluation. The ONTOWEB system has two components: databases and an ontology‐based search engine. The ontology‐based search engine is a tool used to query the information that has been loaded into the database. Last, to evaluate the system, an experiment was conducted to compare the performance of the proposed system with that of Internet search engines in terms of relevance and search time. This study shows that ontologies can be used not only to improve precision, but also to reduce the search time. Because of the expense of annotating resources, the domains that contain the most valuable knowledge, such as the medical and the business sectors, are prime areas for future ontology applications.
Computational intelligence to model the export behavior of multinational corporation subsidiaries in Malaysia
Authors: Edwards Ron , Abraham Ajith , Petrovic‐Lazarevic Sonja 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe academic literature suggests that the extent of exporting by multinational corporation subsidiaries (MCSs) depends on their strategic role in the multinational corporation (MNC), their age and size, and whether their products are targeted at niche or commodity markets. In particular, it is claimed that MNCs seek to invest in a particular country if its resources adopt a vertically integrated structure, if the country grants regional or global sales mandates to their subsidiaries, or if it has been established in a host market for a longer time and is thus more likely to promote subsidiary exports. Our aim in this article is to model the complex export pattern behavior of multinational corporation subsidiaries in Malaysia using a Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy inference system. The proposed fuzzy inference system (FIS) is optimized by using neural network learning and evolutionary computation. Empirical results clearly show that the proposed approach could model the export behavior reasonably well compared to a direct neural network approach.
Der UNIQA Tower
Authors: Schöppl Michael , Kropik Christian , Seidl Jürgen 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAls stark expandierendes Unternehmen der Versicherungsbranche faßte UNIQA den Entschluß, in Wien ein zukunftsweisendes, nach den Grundsätzen der Ökologie ausgelegtes Hauptquartier mit modernen Arbeitsplätzen zu errichten. Als Standort bot sich die Fläche zwischen dem bestehenden Firmensitz in der Unteren Donaustraße und der Aspernbrückengasse an. Im März 2000 wurden aus den Entwürfen der acht geladenen Architektenteams die Projekte von Dietmar Feichtinger und Heinz Neumann an die erste Stelle gereiht. Nach einer zweiten Präsentation stand im April 2000 fest, daß Heinz Neumanns elliptischer Baukörper, der das Firmenlogo des Konzerns optisch zur Geltung bringt, das neue Hauptquartier von UNIQA wird. Der UNIQA Tower stellt einen visuellen Schwerpunkt als markantes Wahrzeichen der Donaukanal‐Silhouette dar und ist zudem einer der wenigen Hochhaustürme in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Wiener Stadtkern. An diesem städtebaulich sensiblen Platz war seitens der Architektur die offene Struktur speziell in der Lobby, die bewußt als öffentlicher Raum konzipiert wurde, vorgegeben.