bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The second generation of the International Equine Gene Mapping Workshop half‐sibling linkage map
Authors: Guérin G. , Bailey E. , Bernoco D. , Anderson I. , Antczak D. F. , Bell K. , Biros I. , Bjørnstad G. , Bowling A. T. , Brandon R. , Caetano A. R. , Cholewinski G. , Colling D. , Eggleston M. , Ellis N. , Flynn J. , Gralak B. , Hasegawa T. , Ketchum M. , Lindgren G. , Lyons L. A. , Millon L. V. , Mariat D. , Murray J. , Neau A. , Røed K. , Sandberg K , Skow L. C. , Tammen I. , Tozaki T. , Van Dyk E. , Weiss B. , Young A. , Ziegle J. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryA low‐density, male‐based linkage map was constructed as one of the objectives of the International Equine Gene Mapping Workshop. Here we report the second generation map based on testing 503 half‐sibling offspring from 13 sire families for 344 informative markers using the crimap program. The multipoint linkage analysis localized 310 markers (90%) with 257 markers being linearly ordered. The map included 34 linkage groups representing all 31 autosomes and spanning 2262 cM with an average interval between loci of 10.1 cM. This map is a milestone in that it is the first map with linkage groups assigned to each of the 31 automosomes and a single linkage group to all but three chromosomes.
Differences in recombination rates on chromosome 23 between German Angus and German Simmental and breed specific linkage mapping
Authors: Weimann C. , Kraus M. , Gauly M. , Erhardt G. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryFive paternal half sib families of German Angus (GA) (n = 428) and six of German Simmental (GS) (n = 378) including dams were genotyped with 11 microsatellites (INRA132, RM033, BM1815, BM1258, BOLA‐DRB1, BM1818, BM1905, BM1443, CYP21, CSSM5 and DYMS1) derived from chromosome 23. Differences in heterozygosity between the breeds were observed. Significant differences in recombination rates between GA and GS could be demonstrated for the marker intervals INRA132‐CSSM5, CYP21‐BOLA‐DRB1 and BOLA‐DRB1‐BM1818. The length of the map of GA was 90.5 cM in contrast to 117.8 cM for GS. The breed specific linkage maps show differences in length but confirmation of the order of the markers.
A radiation hybrid map of bovine chromosome 24 and comparative mapping with human chromosome 18
Authors: Kurar E. , Womack J. E. , Kirkpatrick B. W. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryWe present herein a bovine chromosome 24 (BTA24) radiation hybrid (RH) map using 40 markers scored on a panel of 90 RHs. Of these markers, 29 loci were ordered with odds of at least 1000:1 in a framework map. An average retention frequency of 17.4% was observed, with relatively higher frequencies near the centromere. The length of the comprehensive map was 640 centiray5000 (cR5000) with an average marker interval of approximately 17.3 cR5000. The observed locus order is generally consistent with currently published bovine linkage and physical maps. Nineteen markers were either Type I loci or closely associated with expressed sequences and thus could be used to compare the BTA24 RH map with human mapping information. All genes located on BTA24 were located on human chromosome 18, and previously reported regions of conserved synteny were extended. The comparative data revealed the presence of at least six conserved regions between these chromosomes.
Let's re‐write the scientific paper
Authors: Webster R. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryThe European Journal of Soil Science rapidly established itself as a leader, strong in most branches of soil science. Nevertheless, it would be even more attractive if authors would break away from the misleading formalism and stultifying style of the conventional scientific paper. Let us report our research more nearly as it happened; let us overcome our fear of revealing our humanity, our good luck, even our failings, and acknowledge the contributions from our intuition and imagination as well as the hard graft in the field and at the bench. Let us also liven our prose by writing more in the active voice and so that readers can know who did what and who is responsible. Let us convey the wonder of discovery in our writing without sacrificing scientific rigour; then soil research would be seen to be exciting with a bright future.
Effect of Al hydroxide polymers on cation exchange of montmorillonite
Authors: Janssen R.P.T. , Bruggenwert M. G.M. , Van Riemsdijk W. H. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryAl hydroxide polymers (AlHO) can significantly influence the cation exchange behaviour of clays. We have determined the effect of synthesized AlHO on Ca–Na, Zn–Na and Pb–Na exchange for a series of exchanger compositions and two Al loadings at pH 6.0 and an ionic strength of 0.01 m. The preference for Ca on the siloxane surface of the clay–AlHO system (CAlHO) was greater than for the pure clay, and the average KV (Vanselow selectivity coefficient) was determined to be 2.16 and 1.24, respectively. The selectivity coefficients for the exchange reactions Zn–Na and Pb–Na were not directly determined in CAlHO systems, because heavy‐metal ions bind as well to the clay surface as to the AlHO over a wide range of pH. We have estimated the effect of the presence of AlHO on the selectivity coefficients of Zn–Na and Pb–Na exchange by extrapolation of the experimental results of Ca–Na, Zn–Na and Pb–Na exchange for pure clay and Ca–Na exchange for CAlHO. The average KV was increased by the presence of the AlHO from 1.23 to 2.16 for Zn–Na exchange and from 1.59 to 2.77 for Pb–Na exchange. The increase in the preference for the divalent cations is probably caused by parallel alignment of clay platelets by sorption of AlHO. Increasing the amount of AlHO did not change the selectivity for Ca–Na exchange, and probably the structure of the system or the arrangement of the clay platelets and AlHO particles was not substantially changed. This was supported by the linear reduction of the cation exchange capacity with amount of AlHO present at pH 6.6. It seems likely that the selectivity coefficients for Ca–Na, Zn–Na and Pb–Na exchange that we found apply in naturally occurring montmorillonite–AlHO systems.
Zinc ion adsorption on montmorillonite–Al hydroxide polymer systems
Authors: Janssen R. P. T. , Bruggenwert M. G. M. , Van Riemsdijk W. H. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryClay–Al hydroxide polymers (CAlHO) can bind heavy metals effectively and may play an important role in the adsorption behaviour and metal binding capacity of soils. We studied the dependence of Al loading and pH on the adsorption of Zn on Na‐saturated montmorillonite–Al hydroxide polymer systems. The available binding sites on Al hydroxide polymers (AlHO) had a very strong affinity for Zn ions. Zinc binding on the clay surface became important when the binding sites on the AlHO were nearly all occupied. The pH had a very strong effect on the Zn binding. At pH 6.6 much more Zn could be adsorbed to the AlHO than at pH 5.0. The effect of the Al:clay ratio on Zn binding was influenced by pH. At pH 6.6, Zn binding to the AlHO, expressed per mole AlHO, was independent of the Al:clay ratio, whereas at pH 5.0 this relation was dependent. This is related to the constant charge of the AlHO at pH 6.6, whereas at pH 5.0 the charge decreases with increasing Al:clay ratio. If clay–Al hydroxide polymers are present in the soil their Zn binding to the AlHO will strongly influence the availability of the Zn.
Effects of aluminium on the mineralization of dissolved organic carbon derived from forest floors
Authors: Schwesig D. , Kalbitz K. , Matzner E. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryAluminium (Al) is abundant in soils, but the influence of Al on the mineralization of dissolved organic carbon and thus on carbon sequestration in soil is only poorly understood. We investigated the extent and rate of mineralization of dissolved organic carbon at various Al/C ratios.Dissolved organic carbon extracted from Oi and Oa layers under coniferous and deciduous forest was incubated with initial molar Al/C ratios from < 0.004 to 0.44 for 130 days. Mineralization was quantified by measurement of CO2. Rapidly and slowly mineralizable pools of dissolved organic C and their decomposition rate constants and half‐lives (as a measure of labile and stable C) were modelled with a double exponential equation.Increasing initial Al/C ratios up to 0.1 led to a considerable decrease in mineralization (up to 50% compared with control samples). The half‐life of the stable C pool increased up to 4‐fold, whereas the half‐life of the labile C pool was unaffected. Ratios of Al/C > 0.1 did not further decrease the mineralization, but led to increasing concentrations of free Al3+ in solution, and to increasing Al/C ratios in the precipitate, indicating that the Al complexation capacity of dissolved organic C was exceeded. Decrease in mineralization as well as formation of particulate organic matter (up to 56% of initial dissolved organic C) affected mainly the stable pool. Mineralization of dissolved organic C can be predicted from UV absorption by use of exponential regressions, but adding an Al variable did not improve the prediction significantly.We conclude that Al influences substantially the biodegradability of dissolved organic C percolating into the mineral soil, which may have consequences for the carbon sequestration in the soil. Declining Al concentrations would increase the mineralization of dissolved organic C only if the Al/C ratio becomes less than the ‘threshold value’ in the range of the Al complexation capacity of the dissolved organic C.
Controls on carbon accumulation and storage in the mineral subsoil beneath peat in Lakkasuo mire, central Finland
Authors: Turunen J. , Moore T. R. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryWhat processes control the accumulation and storage of carbon (C) in the mineral subsoil beneath peat? To find out we investigated four podzolic mineral subsoil profiles from forest and beneath peat in Lakkasuo mire in central boreal Finland. The amount of C in the mineral subsoil ranged from 3.9 to 8.1 kg m−2 over a thickness of 70 cm and that in the organic horizons ranged from 1.8 to 144 kg m−2. Rates of increase of subsoil C were initially large (14 g m−2 year−1) as the upland forest soil was paludified, but decreased to < 2 g m−2 year−1 from 150 to 3000 years. The subsoils retained extractable aluminium (Al) but lost iron (Fe) as the surrounding forest podzols were paludified beneath the peat. A stepwise, ordinary least‐squares regression indicated a strong relation (R2 = 0.91) between organic C concentration of 26 podzolic subsoil samples and dithionite–citrate–bicarbonate‐extractable Fe (negative), ammonium oxalate‐extractable Al (positive) and null‐point concentration of dissolved organic C (DOCnp) (positive). We examined the ability of the subsoil samples to sorb dissolved organic C from a solution derived from peat. Null‐point concentration of dissolved C (DOCnp) ranged from 35 to 83 mg l−1, and generally decreased from the upper to the lower parts of the profiles (average E, B and C horizon DOCnp concentrations of 64, 47 and 42 mg l−1). The DOCnp was positively correlated with percentage of soil C and silt and clay content. The concentration of dissolved organic C in pore water in the peat ranged from 12 to 60 mg l−1 (average 33 mg l−1), suggesting that the sorptive capacity of the subsoil horizons for C had been exhausted. We suggest that the increase of C contents in the subsoil beneath mires is related to adsorption of dissolved organic C and slow mineralization under anaerobic conditions.
Amino acids in Quaternary soil horizons from southwest Poland
Authors: Szponar A. , Szajdak L. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryAminostratigraphy has proved to be a useful approach for dating fossils from the Quaternary. In these studies the amino acids in Quaternary soil formations were determined in an attempt to establish their stratigraphical relationships and relative ages. The sampling sites are in the southwest of Poland, in the Trzebnickie Hills. Three samples of fossil soils and two of recent soils were analysed. The absolute age of the soil samples was estimated by radiocarbon dating. We found that the total amount of amino acids decreased with the increasing age of soil. The smallest amounts of amino acids were found in the oldest fossil soil of Denekamp (Vistulian) age dated 29 600 ± 760 years bp. A sample of recent loess soil contained the most total amino acids, whereas the fossil soil of Lower Atlantic age, dated 3540 ± 230 years bp, was intermediate in respect of the total amount of amino acids, oxidation state and degree of biochemical transformation. Neutral amino acids formed a majority of all the amino acids studied. The method we describe could be useful in relative chronostratigraphical identification of fossil soils.
Dynamics of floodplain fisheries in Bangladesh, results of 8 years fisheries monitoring in the Compartmentalization Pilot Project
Authors: De Graaf G. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractFloodplain fisheries were monitored from 1992 until 2000 in the Compartmentalization Pilot Project in Tangail, Bangladesh. In permanent floodplains about 165 ± 28 kg ha−1 of fish was caught annually. For seasonal floodplains, this figure was 83 ± 23 kg ha−1 yr−1. The fish catch exhibited a strong seasonal variation, with the highest catch in October, when the floodwater recedes towards the river, and the lowest catch during the dry season in April/May. The annual catch varied with the extent of flooding, with high catches in wet years and low catches in dry years. The extent of flooding was quantified through a Flood Index. Plotting the annual yields against this Flood Index provided a significant relation (P < 0.05), confirming the existence of a flood pulse. The fishing effort (f) and the catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE) were significantly related (P < 0.05), whereby the fishing effort increased with increasing CPUE. The results are discussed within the frame of fisheries management in Bangladesh and highlight the need for long‐term data for proper evaluation of fisheries projects and the development of management schemes, and the difficulty of applying standard surplus production models in floodplain fisheries.
‘Effective growing days’: a simple predictive model of the response of herbaceous plant growth in a Mediterranean ecosystem to variation in rainfall and phosphorus availability
Authors: Henkin Zalmen , Seligman No’am G. , Kafkafi Uzi , Noy‐Meir Imanuel 
Published: May 2003

1  Herbaceous plant production on many Mediterranean soils is severely restricted by nutrient deficiency. On such a shallow, phosphorus‐deficient soil in the western Galilee of Israel with an average annual rainfall >800 mm, a single addition of phosphorus fertilizer consistently increased herbaceous plant production in a community dominated by the dwarf shrub Sarcopoterium spinosum by a factor of 2.8–3.8 over 7 years. Regardless of phosphorus addition, interannual variation of the herbaceous vegetation remained high (C.V. = 0.33). A simple model based on climate data was developed to explain the continuing interannual variation in biomass production. 2  This interannual variation is accounted for by an ‘effective growing day’ index, G, based on an estimate of the number of days throughout the growing season during which the available water in the rooting zone can balance the current potential evaporation demand. The validity of this approach was tested on data from 7 consecutive years. 3  At given phosphate (P) availability levels, the index G was found to be highly correlated with both seasonal biomass production and P uptake of the herbaceous plant, but the regression lines intersected the G axis far to the right of the origin. 4  When the adverse effect of the winter climate on growing conditions was taken into account, the regression lines passed close to the origin. Annual biomass production and P uptake could then be well described as linear functions of G with the slope related to availability of P. 5  Average intraseasonal trends gave G‐values which were better predictors of both biomass production and P‐uptake than annual weather (temperature or potential evaporation) fluctuations. 6  Both shoot biomass and P uptake were strongly influenced by growing conditions in autumn (beginning of growing season) and in spring (main growing season), but plant production was more sensitive than P uptake to growing conditions in autumn and vice versa in spring. 7  The close relationship between G and P uptake at different P availability levels indicates that availability of P did not diminish for at least 7 years after a single application of 4.5–9.0 g m−2 P as superphosphate. Nutrient cycling, secondary effects of the dominant legume species, and small losses of P from the ecosystem are proposed as possible reasons for this phenomenon.
Neighbourhood effects in forests: implications for within‐stand patch structure
Authors: Frelich Lee E. , Sugita Shinya , Reich Peter B. , Davis Margaret B. , Friedman Steven K. 
Published: May 2003

1  MOSAIC, a spatially referenced Markov model was used to show how interactions among trees in a neighbourhood may influence the patch structure of forests. A series of two‐species simulations were conducted with neighbourhood strength ranging from neutral (chances of species replacing each other independent of neighbourhood composition) to strong (chance of replacement for each species proportional to neighbourhood composition), and with neighbourhood sizes including 1–50 neighbours. 2  Neighbourhood strength was positively correlated with the degree of patchiness. Very high neighbourhood strength is necessary to form mono‐specific patches composed of hundreds of individual trees. Intermediate neighbourhood sizes (5–12 neighbours) led to the most distinct patches where individuals were arranged so that contact between species was minimized. 3  Neighbourhood effects alone are unlikely to lead to large areas (several ha) dominated by one species. However, simulations showed that neighbourhood effects can augment small differences in the environment, resulting in large mono‐specific patches. 4  Simulations with 4 and 5 species indicated that groups of species can interact to form spatially distinct communities, starting from a random mixture on a uniform environment. This implies that neighbourhood effects may be responsible for some unexplained variability in studies that attempt to relate environmental parameters to forest composition. 5  Patch structures that develop due to neighbourhood effects are usually not recognized by current vegetation classification schemes or by forest managers, and this lack of recognition could lead to the loss of certain natural spatial structures on forested landscapes.
Interactions of xylazine and detomidine with α2‐adrenoceptors in brain tissue from cattle, swine and rats
Authors: Törneke K. , Bergström U. , Neil A. 
Published: May 2003

Xylazine is an α2‐adrenoceptor agonist sedative with a much higher interspecies variability in effect than detomidine, another α2‐agonist used in veterinary practice. In the present study, we have used radioligand binding in brain tissue to investigate if the high species variation in sensitivity to xylazine could be explained in terms of receptor interactions. Species known to be more (cattle) or less (swine and rats) sensitive to xylazine were used.There was no variation in the density or the subtype pattern of the α2‐adrenoceptors that could explain the species variation recorded in vivo, as a homogenous population of the α2A/D‐subtype (200–300 fmol/mg protein) was found in all species. The species differences in the affinities of xylazine and detomidine were minor and similar for the two drugs.The only parameter investigated where a significant species difference was found for xylazine but not for detomidine was the slope of the inhibition binding curve when the G‐protein coupling was diminished. For xylazine this slope was considerably lower than unity (i.e. 0.77 ± 0.075) using cattle preparations compared with 0.92 ± 0.037 (mean ± SE) and 0.90 ± 0.028, respectively for swine and rats, while for detomidine this parameter was close to unity in all species (cattle, swine, rat). This finding indicates that the species variation in effect for xylazine could be due to differences at the G‐protein level or further down‐stream in the effect cascade.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Pathological Findings in a Cat with Brain Contusions
Authors: Sato T. , Ikebata Y. , Koie H. , Shibuya H. , Shirai W. , Nogami S. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryNecropsy was performed on a mongrel male cat of unknown age weighing 1.3 kg, which probably encountered a traffic accident. Gross pathological examination of the brain revealed reddish colour of the right cerebral hemisphere and haemorrhages on the surface of the right frontal lobe to temporal lobe. Histologically, there was diffuse vacuolation in the cortex of the right frontal lobe and extensive haemorrhages in the base of brain. These histopathological findings were consistent with areas of abnormal signals found on post‐mortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, the MRI findings were identical to that reported in human cases of head trauma as well as histopathological changes.
Acute liver failure in children: A regional experience
Authors: Ee LC , Shepherd RW , Cleghorn GJ , Lewindon PJ , Fawcett J , Strong RW , Lynch SV 
Published: May 2003

Objective: To review the outcome of acute liver failure (ALF) and the effect of liver transplantation in children in Australia. Methodology: A retrospective review was conducted of all paediatric patients referred with acute liver failure between 1985 and 2000 to the Queensland Liver Transplant Service, a paediatric liver transplant centre based at the Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, that is one of three paediatric transplant centres in Australia. Results: Twenty‐six patients were referred with ALF. Four patients did not require transplantation and recovered with medical therapy while two were excluded because of irreversible neurological changes and died. Of the 20 patients considered for transplant, three refused for social and/or religious reasons, with 17 patients listed for transplantation. One patient recovered spontaneously and one died before receiving a transplant. There were 15 transplants of which 40% (6/15) were < 2 years old. Sixty‐seven per cent (10/15) survived > 1 month after transplantation. Forty per cent (6/15) survived more than 6 months after transplant. There were only four long‐term survivors after transplant for ALF (27%). Overall, 27% (6/22) of patients referred with ALF survived. Of the 16 patients that died, 44% (7/16) were from neurological causes. Most of these were from cerebral oedema but two patients transplanted for valproate hepatotoxicity died from neurological disease despite good graft function. Conclusions: Irreversible neurological disease remains a major cause of death in children with ALF. We recommend better patient selection and early referral and transfer to a transplant centre before onset of irreversible neurological disease to optimize outcome of children transplanted for ALF.