bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer risk among statin users: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Friis Søren , Poulsen Aslak H. , Johnsen Søren P. , McLaughlin Joseph K. , Fryzek Jon P. , Dalton Susanne O. , Sørensen Henrik T. , Olsen Jørgen H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractHydroxymethylglutaryl‐CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) have been linked with potential chemopreventive effects; however, the data are conflicting. We conducted a population‐based cohort study using data from the Prescription Database of North Jutland County and the Danish Cancer Registry for the period 1989–2002. In a study population of 334,754 county residents, we compared overall and site‐specific cancer incidence among 12,251 statin users (≥2 prescriptions) with cancer incidence among nonusers and users of other lipid‐lowering drugs (n = 1,257). Statistical analyses were based on age‐standardization and Poisson regression analysis, adjusting for age, gender, calendar period and use of NSAIDs, hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular drugs. We identified 398 cancer cases among statin users during a mean follow‐up period of 3.3 years (range 0–14 years). The age‐ and gender‐standardized incidence rates of cancer overall were 596 per 100,000 person‐years among statin users, 645 per 100,000 person‐years among nonusers and 795 per 100,000 person‐years among users of other lipid‐lowering drugs. Adjusted rate ratios for cancer overall among statin users were 0.86 (95% CI, 0.78–0.95) compared to nonusers and 0.73 (95% CI, 0.55–0.98) compared to users of other lipid‐lowering drugs. No significantly increased or decreased rate ratios were observed for any of the studied site‐specific cancers (liver, colorectum, lung, breast, prostate, female genital organs and lymphatic and haematopoietic tissue), but most estimates tended to be less than 1.0. Stratification by duration of follow‐up or number of prescriptions revealed no clear trends. In summary, individuals prescribed statins experienced a slightly reduced cancer incidence compared to population controls of nonusers and users of other lipid‐lowering drugs. Larger and longer‐term studies are needed to determine the potentially protective effect of statin use on cancer development. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TAp63γ can substitute for p53 in inducing expression of the maspin tumor suppressor
Authors: Spiesbach Katja , Tannapfel Andrea , Mössner Joachim , Engeland Kurt 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMaspin is a Class II tumor suppressor protein and plays a role in tumor growth by inhibiting cellular invasion and motility. It is a member of the serpin family of protease inhibitors and has been shown to reduce angiogenesis. Maspin gene expression can be upregulated by the tumor suppressor p53. We tested 7 p53‐related proteins of the p63 and p73 families for their ability to induce maspin expression. The p63 splice form TAp63γ can substitute for p53 in activating the maspin promoter. TAp63γ activates the promoter through the same consensus site as p53. In the DLD‐1 colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, harboring a tet‐off regulated transgene, induction of TAp63γ leads to an upregulation of maspin mRNA from the chromosomal gene. With a short lag phase also maspin protein levels are elevated after induced TAp63γ expression. To assess a potential function of p63‐dependent maspin upregulation in tumors we followed expression of p53, p63 and maspin by immunohistochemistry in hepatocellular carcinomas. Two types of tumors with wild‐type or mutant p53 were assayed. Interestingly, the majority of tumors expressing only a mutated and inactive p53 protein nonetheless stain positive for maspin, whereas these tumors were positive for p63 protein expression. In summary, we show that TAp63γ can substitute for p53 in transcriptional activation of the maspin tumor suppressor gene. TAp63γ employs the same DNA recognition site for this activation as p53. We observe expression patterns of p53, p63 and maspin proteins in tumor tissue that may indicate also a function of maspin induction by p63 in tumors. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional domains of necdin for protein–protein interaction, nuclear matrix targeting, and cell growth suppression
Authors: Taniura Hideo , Kobayashi Masakatsu , Yoshikawa Kazuaki 
Published: December 2004

AbstractNecdin is a growth suppressor expressed predominantly in postmitotic neurons. The necdin gene is involved in the etiology of the genomic imprinting‐associated neurodevelopmental disorder Prader–Willi syndrome and belongs to the MAGE gene family. All the MAGE family proteins contain a large homology domain termed the MAGE homology domain (MHD). We here characterize the regions of necdin required for the protein–protein interaction, nuclear matrix targeting, and cell growth suppression. The region including entire MHD (amino acids 116–280) of necdin was required for its interaction with p53, while the regions amino acids 144–184 and 191–222 within the MHD were required for both the nuclear matrix targeting and the cell growth suppression of osteosarcoma SAOS‐2 cells. The amino‐terminal proline‐rich acidic region (amino acids 60–100) was also necessary for cell growth suppression. Tetracycline‐regulatable overexpression of necdin induced growth arrest of SAOS‐2 cells in a reversible manner, and the necdin‐overexpressing cells showed a large, flattened morphology with double nuclei. In contrast, a necdin mutant lacking amino acids 191–222 did not induce such changes. These findings suggest that different functions of necdin are mediated via its distinct domains. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein hydrolysis under anaerobic, saline conditions in presence of acetic acid
Authors: González G , Urrutia H , Roeckel M , Aspé E 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe hydrolysis of soluble proteins in an anaerobic, saline (24 g dm−3 NaCl) and mesophilic (37 °C) environment was studied. The inhibitory effect of a volatile fatty acid, acetic acid (HAc), on the hydrolysis rate and hydrolytic biomass activity for a model saline wastewater with a high protein load (total organic carbon, 1153 mg dm−3 and 1572 mg dm−3 proteins) was studied. Initial inhibitor concentrations were tested in the range of 0–2000 mg dm−3 HAc. The microbiological characterization was performed using a total microorganism count by epifluorescence, and hydrolytic bacterial activity was determined by plate count. The protein hydrolysis was modeled according to first order kinetics. The effect of biomass on hydrolysis was analyzed by varying its concentration in the range of 42–210 mg dm−3 volatile suspended solids. The following apparent hydrolysis kinetic constants (Kh) for proteins at 37 °C were obtained: 1.3, 0.8, 0.6, 0.2 and 0.1 d−1 for initial concentrations of 250, 500, 750, 880, and 1000 mg dm−3 HAc, respectively. At concentrations of HAc greater than 1000 mg dm−3, total inhibition of hydrolysis was observed. The intrinsic hydrolysis constant ($K_{{\rm h}}^{0}$) at 37 °C, without inhibition, was 2.3 d−1. The hydrolysis kinetic constant was not affected by the biomass concentration. The hydrolysis kinetics constant was filted to three models: Luong, Levenspiel and non‐competitive inhibition. The model that best represented the experimental data was Luong, obtaining an inhibition constant (KI) of 1087 mg dm−3 of HAc and the exponent γ = 0.54. The hydrolysis was inhibited by the presence of HAc, which corresponds to an intermediate compound of the anaerobic process. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
On the computation of material forces in continuum‐atomistic modelling
Authors: Abdi Tadesse , Denzer Ralf , Steinmann Paul 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMaterial forces govern the behavior and evolution of defects in solids. In elastic materials these forces which are associated with the Eshelby stress tensor are used to describe fracture sensitivities and can be employed to compute the J‐integral [2]. Since crack propagation begins with a variety of fundamental processes which occur within highly localized ultra–fine volume of material that constitute the fracture process zone surrounding a crack tip [3], the question of appropriate growth criteria, i.e. how far and in which direction a crack will glide under a certain loading condition is implied by the material force. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Energetic aspects regarding the VIPAS1 industrial robot working. Second Part: Graphical Interpretation
Authors: Ispas Viorel , Arghir Mariana , Ispas Virgil 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe paper studies the motion laws influence over the VIPAS1 industrial robot working. The motion differential equations, that govern the motion robot were established. Using them we can study the direct problem for the robot dynamics. There are the given motion laws for the accelerated and decreasing motion having triangular, trapezoidal and parabolic forms. The graphics of the forces and moments give us the possibility to make some recommandations under energetic aspects, for the optimal solutions about the VIPAS1 industrial robot. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adaptive Finite Element Simulation of the Human Mandible Using a New Physiological Model of the Masticatory Muscles
Authors: Kober Cornelia , Erdmann Bodo , Lang Jens , Sader Robert , Zeilhofer Hans‐Florian 
Published: December 2004

AbstractStructural mechanics simulation of bony organs is of general medical and biomechanical interest, because of the interdependence of the inner architecture of bone and its functional loading already stated by Wolff in 1892.This work is part of a detailed research project concerning the human mandible. By adaptive finite element techniques, stress/strain profiles occurring in the bony structure under biting were simulated. Estimates of the discretization errors, local grid refinement, and multilevel techniques guarantee the reliability and efficiency of the method.In general, our simulation requires a representation of the organ's geometry, an appropriate material description, and the load case due to teeth, muscle, or joint forces. In this paper, we want to focus on the influence of the masticatory system. Our goal is to capture the physiological situation as far as possible. By means of visualization techniques developed by the group, we are able to extract individual muscle fibres from computed tomography data. By a special algorithm, the fibres are expanded to fanlike (esp. for the musc. temporalis) coherent vector fields similar to the anatomical reality. The activity of the fibres can be adapted according to compartmentalisation of the muscles as measured by electromyological experiments. A refined sensitivity analysis proved remarkable impact of the presented approach on the simulation results. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical aspects of X‐SIMP‐based topology optimization
Authors: Kotucha Gregor , Hackl Klaus 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe discretization of topology design problems on the basis of the finite‐element‐method results in general in large‐scale combinatorial optimization problems, which are usually relaxed by the introduction of a continuous material density function as design variable. To avoid optimal designs containing unfavourable microstructures such as the well‐known “checkerboard” patterns, the relaxed problem can be regularized by the X‐SIMP‐approach, which penalizes intermediate density values as well as high density gradients within the design domain. In this context we discuss numerical aspects of the X‐SIMP‐based regularization such as the discretization of the regularized problem, the formulation of the corresponding stiffness matrix and the numerical solution of the discretized problem. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A finite element method for cohesive crack modelling
Authors: Mergheim Julia , Kuhl Ellen , Steinmann Paul 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe present contribution is concerned with the computational modelling of cohesive cracks, whereby the discontinuity is not limited to interelement boundaries, but is allowed to propagate freely through the elements. Inelastic material behaviour is described by a discrete constitutive law, formulated in terms of tractions and displacements at the surface. Details on the implementation and numerical examples are given. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Hybrid Variational Model for the Analysis of Free‐Corner Effects in Layered Plates
Authors: Mittelstedt Christian , Becker Wilfried 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA variational model for the assessment of free‐edge and free‐corner effects [1‐3] in thermally loaded rectangular cross‐ply laminate plates is presented. The physical layers of the plate are discretized by an arbitrary number of mathematical layers through the laminate thickness. A layerwise displacement field with unknown interface functions which depend on the inplane coordinates is formulated wherein an a priori assumed layerwise linear thickness interpolation scheme is employed. The application of the principle of minimum elastic potential yields a set of governing Euler‐Lagrange differential equations for the unknown inplane functions which for the special free‐corner problem in rectangular cross‐ply plates can be solved in a closed‐form analytical manner. Boundary conditions of traction free laminate edges are fulfilled in an average sense. Since the approach utilizes a discretization through the plate thickness yet allows for closed‐form solutions within the layer planes for all state variables it is appropriate to speak of a hybrid analysis approach. The presented method allows easy application, can be run on every standard personal computer and is in favourable agreement with comparative finite element calculations. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Frictional contact of elastomer materials on rough rigid surfaces
Authors: Nettingsmeier Jana , Wriggers Peter 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe frictional behavior of elastomer materials is still unexplored, but very important for many industrial applications. Special attention is turned to rubber friction on rough road tracks. Due to the non‐rigid material characteristics of the rubber it is not sufficient to use a constant friction coefficient like Coulombs law. The frictional qualities depend on many different influences like sliding velocity, applied normal stress, surface roughness, material properties and the temperature in the contact zone. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulation of crack–propagation using embedded discontinuities
Authors: Peters M. , Hoppe U. , Hackl K. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe transition from microscale damage phenomena to crack initiation and growth at the macroscale is an important mechanism which constrains the lifetime of concrete structures. Analysing crack growth using the finite element method without enhancement of the shape functions is possible only by continuously updating the corresponding meshes, which constitutes a significant computational effort. But even then the results can be substantially mesh–dependent and hard to interpret. The extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) uses additional discontinuous shape–functions and is one possibility to overcome these problems. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Polymer–montmorillonite clay nanocomposites. Part 1: Complexation of montmorillonite clay with a vinyl monomer
Authors: Khalil Hanaa , Mahajan Devinder , Rafailovich Mariam 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAn organo‐clay complex was formed by the exchange reaction of a quaternary ammonium salt of a derivatized styrene monomer with Na+‐montmorillonite clay. The binding of the derivatized styrene monomer with the montmorillonite clay was confirmed by FTIR and the diffused reflectance analysis. The increase of the d‐spacing of the derivatized styrene‐N+–montmorillonite clay complex to 1.47 nm, measured by X‐ray diffraction, indicates that a monolayer of the monomer is adsorbed between adjacent montmorillonite layers. A molecular modeling of the monomer suggested a benzene ring tilted to the c‐axis of the montmorillonite clay. The carbon content of the styrene‐N+–montmorillonite clay of 11.02 % suggested a complete surface coverage of the clay by the monomer and a surface coverage of 0.74 nm2 per exchange site of the montmorillonite. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and photophysical characterization of the free‐radical copolymerization of metaloquinolate‐pendant monomers with methyl methacrylate
Authors: Du Naiying , Tian Renyu , Peng Junbiao , Lu Mangeng 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA series of novel metaloquinolate [aluminum quinolate (Alq3), zinc quinolate (Znq2), and lithium quinolate (Liq)]‐containing copolymers were prepared. This is the first report of the synthesis of metaloquinolate‐containing polymers by free‐radical copolymerization. The structures of the metaloquinolate monomers and copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR and Fourier transform infrared techniques. The differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the copolymers were more thermally stable than the methyl methacrylate homopolymer. The copolymers (<25 wt % Alq3, <20 wt % Znq2, or <15 wt % Liq) could be dissolved in common solvents without crosslinking. The ultraviolet–visible absorption and photoluminescence (PL) emission properties of the copolymers were consistent with the literature data of metaloquinolate complexes. The PL efficiencies of the metaloquinolate‐containing copolymers with 25 wt % Alq3, 20 wt % Znq2, or 15 wt % Liq were 19.89, 13.24, and 11.82%, respectively. The experimental results indicated that these kinds of materials could be used for practical applications in organic light‐emitting diodes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 397–406, 2005
All‐optical poling behavior in side‐chain azobenzene homopolymer
Authors: Guo Bin , Su Wei , Jia Yajie , Li Zengchang , Zhang Qijin , Wang Gongming 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAll‐optical poling of side‐chain azobenzene homopolymers PCN2 and PCN6, i.e. poly (6‐[4‐(4‐cyanophenylazo) phenoxy] x‐methylene methacrylate) for x = 2 and 6, with different spacer lengths was experimentally investigated. Due to the low absorption of the samples at 532 nm, it was found that there is a nearly quadratic increase in second‐harmonic generation (SHG) when the film thickness of the sample films increases from 4 μm to 100 μm. The time constant τA of the fitted photoinduced SHG decay process shows that PCN2 and PCN6 have higher temporal stability than the typical guest–host DR1‐PMMA system, and different methylene conjugation lengths give slightly different time constants for disorientation. The possible reason from the molecule structure is discussed in detail. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thirty‐year durability of a 20‐mil PVC geomembrane
Authors: Newman E. J. , Stark T. D. , Rohe F. P. , Diebel P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn 1971, twenty circular aquaculture ponds were constructed for the W. K. Kellogg Biological Research Station in Hickory Corners, Michigan. The 30.5‐m‐diameter research ponds were lined using a 0.51‐mm‐thick fish‐grade PVC geomembrane. Over the years the ponds became congested with dense, persistent stands of cattails, trees, and other vegetation, which required the ponds to be cleared and relined in September 2000 in order to allow the initiation of new experiments. The lack of holes in the exhumed geomembrane suggests that it resisted biological attack from microorganisms and also root penetration. Laboratory testing shows that the tensile behavior of the nearly 30‐year‐old PVC geomembrane is within current specifications for new 0.51‐mm‐thick PVC geomembranes. Test results also indicate that performing laboratory tests at in‐situ moisture conditions provides a better estimate of the field properties of PVC geomembranes than desiccating the material prior to testing, as is required by ASTM Standard Test Methods. J. Vinyl Addit. Technol. 10:168–173, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Mold susceptibility of rigid PVC/wood‐flour composites
Authors: Dawson‐Andoh Benjamin , Matuana Laurent M. , Harrison Joel 
Published: December 2004

AbstractRigid PVC/wood‐flour composite lumber containing either hardwood (maple) or a softwood (southern pine) wood flour at different levels of wood‐flour content was evaluated for susceptibility to fungal colonization and discoloration by using standard tests that mimicked exterior (ASTM G21) and interior (ASTM D3273) environments, respectively. In the exterior test protocol, although both types of PVC/wood‐flour composite lumber exhibited fungal colonization and discoloration, the composites containing maple exhibited greater discoloration than those containing pine. Irrespective of wood species, fungal colonization and discoloration in the composite lumber were greater at the bottom faces where they were in constant contact with moisture. The wood content range (50–100 phr) used in this study showed no effect on extent of fungal colonization and discoloration. All composites showed no discoloration in the interior test protocol. Both optical microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy clearly demonstrated that wood flour particulates are not completely encapsulated by the PVC matrix, so that exposed wood flour in the surface crevices of the composite lumber may serve as points of moisture sorption and staging points for fungal colonization and discoloration. J. Vinyl Addit. Technol. 10:179–186, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Three independent mutations in the same exon of thePCCB gene: Differences between Caucasian and Japanese propionic acidaemia
Authors: Tahara T. , Kraus J. P. , Ohura T. , Rosenberg L. E. , Fenton W. A. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryPropionic acidaemia is an inborn error of organic acid metabolism caused by deficiency of propionyl‐CoA carboxylase (PCC). Enzyme deficiency can result from mutations in either of the non‐identical α‐ and β‐subunits. We have screened genomic DNA from patients with defects in the β‐subunit from two ethnic groups (Caucasians and Japanese) and detected three types of mutations in the same exon of the coding sequence of the β‐subunit: an insertion/deletion that replaces 14 nucleotides with 12 nucleotides of unrelated sequence and eliminates anMsp I site; a 3‐bp deletion of a single isoleucine codon immediately proximal to thatMsp I site; and a C → T transition in the sameMsp I site. The insertion/deletion was detected only in Caucasian patients in 11 of 34 mutant alleles; the C → T transition was found only in Japanese patients in 4 of 12 mutant alleles. Following digestion of genomic DNA byMsp I, both of these mutations were detected on Southern blots by the presence of a 2.7‐kbp band; they can be distinguished from one another by allele‐specific oligonucleotide hybridization following PCR amplification. These results underscore the independent origin of the mutations in the two populations and suggest a key role of this exon in the β‐subunit of PCC.
Acylcarnitines in amniotic fluid: Application to the prenatal diagnosis of propionic acidaemia
Authors: Van Hove J. L. K. , Chace D. H. , Kahler S. G. , Millington D. S. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryAcylcarnitines were assayed in amniotic fluid by isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Control values for propionylcarnitine, C4 and C5 acylcarnitines were established. Propionylcarnitine was elevated by a factor of 5 relative to controls in the amniotic fluid of three pregnancies affected with propionic acidaemia. This may provide a convenient new method for prenatal diagnosis of propionic acidaemia. One pregnancy at risk for propionic acidaemia but unaffected according to methylcitrate analysis had an intermediate level of propionylcarnitine, indicating the need for further studies to determine the range of concentration in probable heterozygotes.