bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early consequences of the phospholamban mutation PLN‐R14del+/− in a transgenic mouse model
Authors: Maniezzi Claudia , Eskandr Marem , Florindi Chiara , Ferrandi Mara , Barassi Paolo , Sacco Elena , Pasquale Valentina , Maione Angela S. , Pompilio Giulio , Teixeira Vivian Oliveira Nunes , de Boer Rudolf A. , Silljé Herman H. W. , Lodola Francesco , Zaza Antonio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimsThe heterozygous phospholamban (PLN) mutation R14del (PLN R14del+/−) is associated with a severe arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) developing in the adult. “Superinhibition” of SERCA2a by PLN R14del is widely assumed to underlie the pathogenesis, but alternative mechanisms such abnormal energy metabolism have also been reported. This work aims to (1) to evaluate Ca2+ dynamics and energy metabolism in a transgenic (TG) mouse model of the mutation prior to cardiomyopathy development; (2) to test whether they are causally connected.MethodsCa2+ dynamics, energy metabolism parameters, reporters of mitochondrial integrity, energy, and redox homeostasis were measured in ventricular myocytes of 8–12 weeks‐old, phenotypically silent, TG mice. Mutation effects were compared to pharmacological PLN antagonism and analyzed during modulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and cytosolic Ca2+ compartments. Transcripts and proteins of relevant signaling pathways were evaluated.ResultsThe mutation was characterized by hyperdynamic Ca2+ handling, compatible with a loss of SERCA2a inhibition by PLN. All components of energy metabolism were depressed; myocyte energy charge was preserved under quiescence but reduced during stimulation. Cytosolic Ca2+ buffering or SERCA2a blockade reduced O2 consumption with larger effect in the mutant. Signaling changes suggest cellular adaptation to perturbed Ca2+ dynamics and response to stress.Conclusions(1) PLN R14del+/− loses its ability to inhibit SERCA2a, which argues against SERCA2a superinhibition as a pathogenetic mechanism; (2) depressed energy metabolism, its enhanced dependency on Ca2+ and activation of signaling responses point to an early involvement of metabolic stress in the pathogenesis of this ACM model.
Calcineurin inhibition, cardiovascular consequences, vascular resistance, and potential responses
Authors: Luft Friedrich C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimTo place the consequences of calcineurin inhibition in a cardiovascular context.MethodsLiterature review coupled with personal encounters.ResultsCalcineurin is a calcium‐binding and calmodulin‐binding protein that is conserved across evolution from yeast to mammals. The enzyme functions as a calcium‐dependent, calmodulin‐stimulated protein phosphatase. Its role in regulating physiology has largely been elucidated by observing calcineurin inhibition. Calcineurin inhibition transformed organ transplantation from an experiment into a therapy and made much of general immunotherapy possible. The function of this phosphatase and how its inhibition leads to toxicity concern us to this date. Initial research from patients and animal models implicated a panoply of factors contributing to hypertension and vasculopathy. Subsequently, the role of calcineurin in regulating the effective fluid volume, sodium reabsorption, and potassium and hydrogen ion excretion was elucidated by investigating calcineurin inhibition. Understanding the regulatory effects of calcineurin on endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell function has also made substantial progress. However, precisely how the increase in systemic vascular resistance arises requires further mechanistic research.ConclusionCalcineurin inhibition continues to save lives; however, options to counteract the negative effects of calcineurin inhibition should be vigorously pursued.
Fieldnotes as never really ‘raw’ data: Analysing the social life of public space on London's South Bank
Authors: Jones Alasdair 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnlike for other forms of qualitative data, examples of how fieldnotes are analysed are rarely provided in the literature. Using fieldnotes from my ethnographic study of the production of public space on London's South Bank as a starting point, this paper considers why this might be the case. In particular, the paper argues that for fieldnote‐based research, analysis is a feature of note‐taking, rather than a discrete phase of activity conducted using our fieldnotes once they have been collected. In this vein, the paper encourages researchers to be aware of the analytical in their fieldnotes, and to be open to the ways that analysis inside the notebook can help us identify salient objects of enquiry in our work.
The outcomes for women planning aVBACat a private hospital in Australia
Authors: Chu Julieanne , Keedle Hazel , Sutcliffe Kerry , Blumenthal Norman , Levett Kate 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundRates of cesarean birth (CBs) are steadily increasing and account for 36.7% of all births in New South Wales (NSW), with primary cesareans driving the increase. NSW Health guidelines recommend women attempt a vaginal birth after a previous CB (VBAC); however, rates of VBAC are decreasing, particularly within the private hospital setting. This study aimed to determine the rates of adverse outcomes for women who planned a VBAC (pVBAC) compared with women who planned an elective repeat CB (pERCB) at one private hospital in Sydney, Australia.MethodThis retrospective data review evaluated patient records over a 10‐year period (2010–2019). Records (n = 2039) were divided into four groups: pVBAC, pVBAC + EMCB, labor + ERCB (lab + ERCB), and pERCB. The incidence of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes is reported as counts and percentages. Regression and chi‐squared tests were used to compare groups. Significance was determined at ap‐value of <0.05.ResultsOverall, very low rates (N = 148, 7.3%) of women had a VBAC compared with a repeat CB at this private hospital over the 10‐year period. The incidence of adverse outcomes was low regardless of study group. Outcomes differed significantly between groups for postpartum hemorrhage (pERCB seven times less likely than VBAC group) and special care nursery admission (pVBAC + EMCB is 4.6 times more likely than in the VBAC group).ConclusionOverall, it is safe to attempt a VBAC at this private hospital, and labor after a cesarean should be recommended, yet very few women had a VBAC at the study site. The incidence of adverse outcomes was low compared with other published research.
Risk assessment for aortic dissection in Turner syndrome: The role of the aortic growth rate
Authors: Calanchini Matilde , Bradley‐Watson James , McMillan Fiona , Myerson Saul , Fabbri Andrea , Turner Helen E. , Orchard Elizabeth 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe risk of aortic dissection (AoD) is increased in Turner syndrome (TS) but predicting those at risk is difficult. Based on scarce evidence, preventive aortic surgery is recommended when aortic diameter increases >5 mm/year. To investigate the aortic growth rate in TS and TS‐related conditions associated with aortic growth. We also reported our experience of women who suffered aortic dissection (AoD), and who had preventive aortic replacement.Methods151 adult TS were retrospectively identified. Women who had more than one transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) after age 16 years were included in the aortic growth study. Aortic diameters at sinuses of Valsalva (SoV) and ascending aorta (AA) were analysed by two experts.Results70/151 women had more than one TTE (interscan interval 4.7 years). Mean aortic growth was 0.13 ± 0.59 mm/year at SoV and 0.23 ± 0.82 mm/year at AA. Known risk factors for aortic dilatation and TS‐related conditions were not associated with aortic growth. 4/151 women experienced AoD (age 25±8 years): two had paired scans for aortic growth, which was 0.67 mm/year at both SoV and AA in the first woman, and 11 mm/year (SoV) and 4 mm/year (AA) in the second. Only 1/4 of women with AoD survived; she used a TS cardiac‐alert card to inform emergency personnel about her risk of AoD. 5/151 had a preventive aortic replacement, but one died post‐operatively.ConclusionsMean aortic growth in our TS population was increased compared to non‐TS women and was not associated with currently known risk factors for AoD, suggesting that aortic growth rate itself could be a useful variable to stratify who is at risk for AoD.
Recent advances in the use of optical coherence tomography in neuro‐ophthalmology: A review
Authors: Ge Jasmine Yaowei , Teo Zhen Ling , Loo Jing Liang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is an in vivo imaging modality that provides non‐invasive, high resolution and fast cross‐sectional images of the optic nerve head, retina and choroid. OCT angiography (OCTA) is an emerging tool. It is a non‐invasive, dye‐free imaging approach of visualising the microvasculature of the retina and choroid by employing motion contrast imaging for blood flow detection and is gradually receiving attention for its potential roles in various neuro‐ophthalmic and retinal conditions. We will review the clinical utility of the OCT in the management of various common neuro‐ophthalmic and neurological disorders. We also review some of the OCTA research findings in these conditions. Finally, we will discuss the limitations of OCT as well as introduce other emerging technologies.
Tracing the barriers to decarbonising ophthalmology: A review
Authors: Lam Lydia , Bradbrook Darren , Gale Jesse 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs climate change demands increasingly urgent mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, the health sector needs to do its part to decarbonise. Ophthalmologists share concerns about climate change and seek opportunities to reduce their environmental impact. When measuring the footprint of ophthalmology, major contributions are from patient travel to clinics, and from the large amounts of single‐use disposable materials that are consumed during surgeries and sterile procedures. Ophthalmic services in India have already demonstrated systems that consume far fewer of these products through efficient throughput of patients and the safe reuse of many items, while maintaining equivalent safety and quality outcomes. Choosing these low‐cost low‐emission options would seem obvious, but many ophthalmologists experience barriers that prevent them operating as Indian surgeons do. Understanding these barriers to change is a crucial step in the decarbonisation of ophthalmology and the health sector more broadly.
Multi‐Level Linguistic Alignment in a Dynamic Collaborative Problem‐Solving Task
Authors: Duran Nicholas D. , Paige Amie , D'Mello Sidney K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCocreating meaning in collaboration is challenging. Success is often determined by people's abilities to coordinate their language to converge upon shared mental representations. Here we explore one set of low‐level linguistic behaviors, linguistic alignment, that both emerges from, and facilitates, outcomes of high‐level convergence. Linguistic alignment captures the ways people reuse, that is, “align to,” the lexical, syntactic, and semantic forms of others' utterances. Our focus is on the temporal change of multi‐level linguistic alignment, as well as how alignment is related to communicative outcomes within a unique collaborative problem‐solving paradigm. The primary task, situated within a virtual educational video game, requires creative thinking between three people where the paths for possible solutions are highly variable. We find that over time interactions are marked by decreasing lexical and syntactic alignment, with a trade‐off of increasing semantic alignment. However, greater semantic alignment does not translate into better team performance. Overall, these findings provide greater clarity on the role of linguistic coordination within complex and dynamic collaborative problem‐solving tasks.
SIRT1 activation promotes bone repair by enhancing the coupling of type H vessel formation and osteogenesis
Authors: Liu Zhikai , Liu Hanghang , Liu Shibo , Li Bolun , Liu Yao , Luo En 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBone repair is intricately correlated with vascular regeneration, especially of type H vessels. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression is closely associated with endothelial function and vascular regeneration; however, the role of SIRT1 in enhancing the coupling of type H vessel formation with osteogenesis to promote bone repair needs to be investigated. A co‐culture system combining human umbilical vein endothelial cells and osteoblasts was constructed, and a SIRT1 agonist was used to evaluate the effects of SIRT1 activity. The angiogenic and osteogenic capacities of the co‐culture system were examined using short interfering RNA. Mouse models with bone defects in the femur or mandible were established to explore changes in type H vessel formation and bone repair following modulated SIRT1 activity. SIRT1 activation augmented the angiogenic and osteogenic capacities of the co‐culture system by activating the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signalling pathway and did not significantly regulate osteoblast differentiation. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway attenuated SIRT1‐mediated effects. The SIRT1 activity in bone defects was positively correlated with the formation of type H vessels and bone repair in vivo, whereas SIRT1 inhibition substantially weakened vascular and bone formation. Thus, SIRT1 is crucial to the coupling of type H vessels with osteogenesis during bone repair.
A novel gelatinized barium sulfate injection method for assessment of bronchoalveolar lavage parameters
Authors: Gross Alexander R. , Kehinde Temitope , Morais Lindsey , Hutchison Marshall , Grise Joy , Mohamed Nada , Badami Varun , Ahmed Haroon , Zdilla Matthew J. , Vos Jeffrey A. , Gross Austin G. , Leonard Rachel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionBronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is frequently used in pulmonary medicine though it requires further optimization. Practical obstacles such as patient safety and procedural limitation have to date precluded large, controlled trials aimed at standardization of BAL procedure. Indeed, BAL guidelines are based on observational data. Innovative research methods are necessary to advance the clinical practice of BAL.MethodsIn our study, we evaluated the effect of injecting a gelatinized barium solution into different lobes and segments of cadaveric lungs. As the technique requires an irreversible injection into lung airspaces, it is not suitable for in vivo purposes. We measured the volume returned from BAL as well as the distribution of BAL injection via dissection. Segmental anatomic orientation was compared to a radiologist's impression of plain film radiographs taken of injected lungs.ResultsMean injected volume distributions were greatest in the upper lobes and lowest in the lower lobes; mean ratios of injected volume distribution to lung lobe volume also followed this trend. Cannulated bronchi orders favored lower branches in the upper lobe and higher branches in the lower lobes. Segmental anatomy varied by the lung lobe injected and was most varied in the lower lobes.ConclusionThis novel gelatinized‐barium injection technique provides a minimally complex method to yield clinically meaningful feedback on the performance of BAL. The technique is also adaptable to study of procedural parameters in the context of variable lung anatomies and pathologies.
Safety and utility of panniculectomy in renal transplant candidates and end stage renal disease patients
Authors: Laspro Matteo , Stead Thor S. , Barrow Brooke , Brydges Hilliard T. , Onuh Ogechukwu C. , Gelb Bruce E. , Chiu Ernest S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAs the obesity crisis in the United States continues, some renal transplantation centers have liberalized their BMI criteria necessary for transplant eligibility. More individuals with larger body‐habitus related comorbidities with End‐Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) now qualify for renal transplantation (RT). Surgical modalities from other fields also interact with this patient population.MethodsIn order to assess surgical outcomes of panniculectomy in the context of renal transplantation and ESRD, the authors performed a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Due to a paucity of existing primary studies, we retrospectively collected data on patients with ESRD undergoing panniculectomy from the American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) to evaluate outcomes of body contouring in this patient population.ResultsFrom the systematic review, a total of 783 ESRD patients underwent panniculectomy among the studies identified. Of these, 91 patients underwent panniculectomy simultaneously to RT while 692 had their pannus resected prior to kidney transplant. The most common complication was hematoma followed by wound dehiscence. From the NSQIP database, 24 868 patients met the inclusion criteria for analysis. In the setting of renal transplant status, patients with diabetes, hypertension requiring medication, and requiring dialysis were more likely to suffer postoperative complications (OR 1.31, 1.15, and 2.2, respectively). However, upon sub‐analysis of specific types of complications, the only retained association was between diabetes and wound complication.ConclusionPreliminary data show that panniculectomy in ESRD patients appears to be safe, though with a nominal increased risk for complications. Pannus resection does not appear to impact post‐transplantation outcomes, including long‐term allograft survival. Larger, higher powered, randomized studies are needed to confirm the safety, utility, and medical benefit of panniculectomy in the context of renal transplantation.
Endotheliale und tumor‐intrinsische Mechanismen der hepatischen Melanommetastasierung
Authors: Wohlfeil Sebastian A. , Géraud Cyrill 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung des metastasierten kutanen Melanoms wurde durch die Entdeckung und Zulassung von Immuncheckpoint‐Inhibitoren (ICI) wie Anti‐PD‐1‐ und Anti‐CTLA‐4‐Antikörpern sowie der zielgerichteten Therapie mit BRAF‐ und MEK‐Inhibition grundlegend verbessert. Allerdings entwickeln viele Patienten Rezidive aufgrund von Resistenzmechanismen, die zum Teil durch Metastasierung in bestimmte Organe verursacht werden. Insbesondere Hirn‐ und Lebermetastasen sind negative prädiktive Faktoren für beide Behandlungsmodalitäten. Bislang gibt es nur begrenzte Möglichkeiten, organspezifische Metastasierung aufzuhalten oder zu behandeln. Daher muss sich die experimentelle Forschung unter anderem Mechanismen der hepatischen Metastasierung des Melanoms widmen, um diesen Prozess besser zu verstehen und therapeutische Ziele ausfindig zu machen.
The personal epistemology of parents predicts the development of scientific reasoning in children aged 6–10 years
Authors: Osterhaus Christopher , Koerber Susanne 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe influence of the epistemological beliefs of parents on the development of comprehensive scientific reasoning abilities was investigated in a five‐wave longitudinal study from kindergarten to elementary school. The 161 German 5–10‐year‐olds (89 girls, 72 boys) were assessed yearly on their scientific reasoning abilities using comprehensive measures for experimentation and data‐interpretation skills, as well as understanding of the nature of science. The children were also tested on their language abilities and intelligence. Their parents completed a sociodemographics questionnaire and answered ten questions about their epistemological beliefs regarding (1) the interpretive nature of science, (2) the tentative nature of knowledge, and (3) the role of scientific framework theories. The personal epistemology of the parents significantly predicted the scientific reasoning development of their children regardless of the parents’ education level and the children's general cognitive abilities. However, the effect of the epistemology of parents on their children's scientific reasoning was limited to the intercepts, suggesting that the epistemic understanding of parents affects how scientific reasoning develops in their children, but not the development speed. Although parental epistemology exerts substantial effects on scientific reasoning of their children, it did not affect their reading ability, suggesting an involvement of science‐specific mechanisms rather than generalized family‐based influences. These findings highlight the importance of family as a variable in the development of scientific reasoning, which is an area lacking in research, and it suggests that early interventions targeted at the epistemic understanding of caregivers can provide useful ways for promoting the reasoning of children.Research Highlights
A five‐year longitudinal study shows significant development of scientific reasoning from kindergarten to elementary school.
Caregivers’ personal epistemology predicted scientific reasoning development—independent of children's general cognitive abilities and caregivers’ level of education.
The effect was most‐pronounced for caregivers’ understanding that social framework theories determine which aspects of science are accepted and how they are conducted.
Caregivers’ personal epistemology did not predict children's reading abilities, suggesting that the effect of the caregivers’ epistemology on children's scientific reasoning is domain‐specific.
Influence of pore water pressure on concrete creep and a creep model considering the effect of cohesion and internal friction angle
Authors: Liu Wenbo , Zhang Shuguang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA new nonlinear viscoplastic body considering cohesion and internal friction coefficient versus time is proposed by considering cohesion and internal friction angle. A new creep model for concrete considering cohesion and internal friction angle is obtained by interlocking it with the conventional model. The results show that the creep model can properly reflect the creep development of soft‐cut concrete at the pile head by comparing the creep model with the three‐dimensional creep test data trends under various levels of loading. The model can well describe the whole process of creep deformation and also better compensate for the shortcomings of the traditional creep model that cannot describe the characteristics of accelerated creep deformation.