bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astrazon Red dye decolorization by growing cells and pellets of Funalia trogii
Authors: Cing Seval , Yesilada Ozfer 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe dye decolorization activity of fungal pellets has been compared with another method based on the decolorization of dye by growing cells. The pellet method was more advantageous than the growing cell method. The growing cells of F. trogii decolorized 21% of the dye in distilled water medium and 16% in stock basal medium in 24 h. On the other hand, Funalia trogii pellets rapidly decolorized the Astrazon Red dye, mono‐azo textile dye, in 24 h, without any visual sorption of any dye to the pellets. The effect of various supplements on longevity of decolorization by free pellets was also tested. Glucose and cheese whey supplementation improved dye decolorization performance of the pellets and remained high and stable for 10 days. We also tested the dye decolorization ability of pellets immobilized on activated carbon. These pellets showed the stable dye decolorization activity during the repeated batch experiments. The study revealed that dye decolorization by pellets is more effective method than the growing cell method. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wired to inspire: Leading organizations through adversity
Authors: Wilson Meena S. , Rice Susan S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTimes of adversity often give rise to unpredictability, fear, anxiety, and loss of confidence. Such circumstances call for inspirational leadership, which gives employees the motivation, commitment, and productivity to take advantage of the opportunities lying on the other side of what seems to be a dark curtain of misfortune.
Changes in the DNA methylation profile of the rat H19 gene upstream region during development and transgenic hepatocarcinogenesis and its role in the imprinted transcriptional regulation of the H19 gene
Authors: Manoharan Herbert , Babcock Karlee , Pitot Henry C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractMonoallelic expression of the imprinted H19 and insulin‐like growth factor‐2 (Igf2) genes depends on the hypomethylation of the maternal allele and hypermethylation of the paternal allele of the H19 upstream region. Previous studies from our laboratory on liver carcinogenesis in the F1 hybrid of Fischer 344 (F344) and Sprague–Dawley Alb SV40 T Ag transgenic rat (SD) strains revealed the biallelic expression of H19 in hepatomas. We undertook a comparative study of the DNA methylation status of the upstream region of H19 in fetal, adult, and neoplastic liver. Bisulfite DNA sequencing analysis of a 3.745‐kb DNA segment extending from 2950 to 6695 bp of the H19 upstream region revealed marked variations in the methylation patterns in fetal, adult, and neoplastic liver. In the fetal liver, equal proportions of hyper‐ and hypomethylated strands revealed the differentially methylated status of the parental alleles, but in neoplastic liver a pronounced change in the pattern of methylation was observed with a distinct change to hypomethylation in the short segments between 2984 and 3301 bp, 6033–6123 bp, and 6518–6548 bp. These results indicated that methylation of all cytosines in this region may contribute to the imprinting status of the rat H19 gene. This phenomenon of differential methylation‐related epigenetic alteration in the key cis‐regulatory domains of the H19 promoter influences switching to biallelic expression in hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Similar to mouse and human, we showed that the zinc‐finger CCTCC binding factor (CTCF) binds to the unmethylated CTCF binding site in the upstream region to influence monoallelic imprinted expression in fetal liver. CTCF does not appear to be rate limiting in fetal, normal, and neoplastic liver. 3′ to the CTCF binding sites, another DNA region exhibits methylation of CpG's in both DNA strands in adult liver, retention of the imprint in fetal liver, and complete demethylation in neoplastic liver. In this region is also a putative binding site for a basic helix‐loop‐helix leucine‐zipper transcription factor, TFEB. The differential CpG methylation seen in the adult that involves the TFEB binding site may explain the lack of expression of the H19 gene in adult normal liver. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate that the loss of imprinting of the H19 gene in hepatic neoplasms of the SD Alb SV40 T Ag transgenic rat is directly correlated with and probably the result of differential methylation of CpG dinucleotides in two distinct regions of the gene that are within 4 kb 5′ of the transcription start site. Cytogenetic analysis of hepatocytes in the transgenic animal prior to the appearance of nodules or neoplasms indicates a role of such loss of imprinting in the very early period of neoplastic development, possibly the transition from the stage of promotion to that of progression. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Opioid binding in DYT1 primary torsion dystonia: An 11C‐diprenorphine PET study
Authors: Whone Alan L. , Von Spiczak Sarah , Edwards Mark , Valente Enza‐Maria , Hammers Alexander , Bhatia Kailash P. , Brooks David J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe opioid transmitters enkephalin and dynorphin are known to regulate pallidal output and consequently cortical excitability. Indeed, abnormal basal ganglia opioid transmission has been reported in several involuntary movement disorders, including levodopa‐induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease (PD), tardive dyskinesias/dystonia, Huntington's disease, and Tourette's syndrome. Moreover, a previous 11C‐diprenorphine PET study investigating levodopa‐induced dyskinesias found reduced opioid receptor availability in PD with but not without dyskinesias. We wished to investigate if a similar alteration in basal ganglia opioid binding was present in DYT1 primary torsion dystonia (PTD). Regional cerebral 11C‐diprenorphine binding was investigated in 7 manifesting carriers of the DYT1 gene and 15 age‐matched normal controls using a region‐of‐interest (ROI) approach and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). No difference in regional mean 11C‐diprenorphine binding was found between DYT1‐PTD and controls, and no correlation between the severity of dystonia and opioid binding was seen. We conclude that aberrant opioid transmission is unlikely to be present in DYT1‐PTD and altered opioid transmission is not a common mechanism underlying all disorders of involuntary movement. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Postural tremor in Wilson's disease: A magnetoencephalographic study
Authors: Südmeyer Martin , Pollok Bettina , Hefter Harald , Gross Joachim , Wojtecki Lars , Butz Markus , Timmermann Lars , Schnitzler Alfons 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe following study included 5 Wilson's disease (WD) patients showing a right‐sided postural forearm tremor (4–6 Hz) and addressed the question of whether the primary motor cortex (M1) is involved in tremor generation. Using a 122‐channel whole‐head neuromagnetometer and surface electromyogram (EMG), we investigated cerebromuscular coupling. Postural tremor was observed in a sustained 45‐degree posture of the right‐sided forearm. Data were analyzed using dynamic imaging of coherent sources (DICS), revealing cerebromuscular coupling between EMG and cerebral activity. Coherent sources were superimposed on individual high‐resolution T1‐weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI). Phase lags between EMG and cerebral areas showing strongest coherence were determined by means of a Hilbert transform of both signals. In all patients, postural tremor was associated with strong coherence between tremor EMG and activity in contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex (S1/M1) at tremor or double tremor frequency. Phase lag values between S1/M1 activity and EMG revealed efferent and afferent components in the corticomuscular coupling. Taken together, our results indicate that postural tremor in WD is mediated through a pathological oscillatory drive from the primary motor cortex. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Chronic bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation in a patient with homozygous deletion in the Parkin gene
Authors: Capecci Marianna , Passamonti Luca , Annesi Ferdinanda , Annesi Grazia , Bellesi Michele , Candiano Innocenza Claudia Cirò , Ricciuti Riccardo , Iacoangeli Maurizio , Scerrati Massimo , Zappia Mario , Tarantino Patrizia , De Marco Elvira Valeria , Civitelli Donatella , Carrideo Sara , Provinciali Leandro , Ceravolo Maria Gabriella , Quattrone Aldo 
Published: July 2004

AbstractChronic subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS) is an efficacious treatment for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) that cannot be further improved by medical therapy. We present a case of an individual with juvenile parkinsonism caused by homozygous deletion of exon 3 in the parkin gene with disabling long‐term side‐effects from levodopa who underwent bilateral STN neuromodulation. Parkin‐linked parkinsonism may show clinical features different from sporadic PD, yet it shares levodopa responsiveness. Because levodopa responsiveness is a predictor of STN‐DBS efficacy, we argued that this kind of surgical approach might be efficacious in hereditary parkin‐linked juvenile parkinsonism. We evaluated clinical and functional assessment before and 12 months after surgery. The results showed that the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scales Motor score improved by 84% in our patient, the levodopa equivalent daily dose medication (LEDD) was reduced by 66%, and, finally, disabling and severe dyskinesias disappeared. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
A Vlasov–Poisson plasma model with non‐L1 data
Authors: Caprino S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIt is considered the Vlasov–Poisson equation for a plasma confined in an unbounded cylinder and it is proven an existence and uniqueness result for non‐L1 (but almost L1) initial charge distribution. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GAP‐43 mRNA in growth cones is associated with HuD and ribosomes
Authors: Smith Catherine L. , Afroz Rownak , Bassell Gary J. , Furneaux Henry M. , Perrone‐Bizzozero Nora I. , Burry Richard W. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe neuron‐specific ELAV/Hu family member, HuD, interacts with and stabilizes GAP‐43 mRNA in developing neurons, and leads to increased levels of GAP‐43 protein. As GAP‐43 protein is enriched in growth cones, it is of interest to determine if HuD and GAP‐43 mRNA are associated in developing growth cones. HuD granules in growth cones are found in the central domain that is rich in microtubules and ribosomes, in the peripheral domain with its actin network, and in filopodia. This distribution of HuD granules in growth cones is dependent on actin filaments but not on microtubules. GAP‐43 mRNA is localized in granules found in both the central and peripheral domains, but not in filopodia. Ribosomes were extensively colocalized with HuD and GAP‐43 mRNA granules in the central domain, consistent with a role in the control of GAP‐43 mRNA stability in the growth cone. Together, these results demonstrate that many of the components necessary for GAP‐43 mRNA translation/stabilization are present within growth cones. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2004
Development of the mouse retina: Emerging morphological diversity of the ganglion cells
Authors: Diao Ling , Sun Wenzhi , Deng Qiudong , He Shigang 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe time course and regulatory mechanisms of dendritic development are subjects of intense interest. We approached these problems by investigating dendritic morphology of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) at four early postnatal stages. The RGCs develop from a diffusely stratified and poorly differentiated group at birth (P0), to 16 distinct, morphologically well‐defined subtypes before eye opening (P13). Even before bipolar cells make synaptic contacts with the RGCs (P8), most adultlike RGC subtypes are already present. Similar to previous studies in other mammalian species, our results indicate that the initiation of the RGC morphological maturation is independent of light stimulation and of formation of glutamatergic synapses. This study narrowed down the window of RGCs morphological maturation and highlighted a few early postnatal events as potential factors controlling the developmental process. Because mouse is the most popular mammalian model for genetic manipulation, this study provided a foundation for further exploring regulatory mechanisms of RGC dendritic development. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2004
Computing general companion matrices and stability regions of multirate methods
Authors: Rodríguez‐Gómez Gustavo , González‐Casanova Pedro , Martínez‐Carballido Jorge 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions that guarantee the absolute stability of semi‐implicit multirate linear discretizations of 2 × 2 differential systems. This result is based on the construction of a general companion matrix that characterizes the class of multirate discretizations built from, linear and zero‐order interpolation. These results are numerically verified for particular examples whose stability regions are graphically displayed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiotherapeutical innovations in pediatric solid tumors
Authors: Habrand Jean‐Louis , Abdulkarim B. , Roberti H. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThere have been considerable technical improvements in radiation therapy for the past two decades. In children affected with cancer, these have been likely overshadowed by concommittant major chemotherapy‐based advances, and at least in part ignored and misused. This article outlines principles, technological requirements, and clinical applications of innovations that aim at improving ballistical selectivity (such as conformal, intensity modulation, stereotactic photons, charged particles, and intraoperative therapies), as well as at influencing tumors and normal tissues sensitivity to radiations (such as high LET particles, and altered fractionations). © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prophylaxis of acute chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in children with cancer: What is the evidence?
Authors: Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Evans Jamie L. , Heard Gemma F. , Noonan Lucy M. , Pizer Barry L. , Hain Richard D.W. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBackgroundNausea and vomiting are preventable side effects of cancer chemotherapy for children. Antiemetics are essential, especially as treatment becomes more intensive. Many drugs are available, but adequate evidence‐based recommendations are lacking. We aimed (1) to consider an evidence‐based approach for pharmacological prophylaxis of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in children, and (2) to compare this approach with antiemetic prescribing in two paediatric oncology centres.ProcedureRelevant publications (Medline, Embase, CancerLit:1966–2002) were critically evaluated using pre‐defined criteria. Evidence‐based statements summarising their findings were formulated, and evidence basis proposed. Current prescribing practice was then compared with this evidence basis in Welsh children under 16 receiving chemotherapy at Llandough Hospital, Cardiff or Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2001.ResultsOf 213 studies retrieved, 82 provided evidence. Our evidence basis recommends combination 5HT3‐antagonist/corticosteroid for highly emetogenic chemotherapy, 5HT3‐antagonist alone for moderate emetogenicity, and no antiemetic for other chemotherapy. Forty‐four children in Cardiff (0.6–16.9 yrs) and 14 in Liverpool (0.8–16.2 yrs) were included in the audit. Differences in prescribing practice between the centres were not significant. In 109/159 (69%) of chemotherapy courses (35, 87 and 100% of high, moderate and low emetogenicity, respectively), antiemetics were selected in accordance with evidence basis. Seventy percent of prescribed doses were as evidence basis recommended.ConclusionsWe present an evidence basis for prescribing prophylactic antiemetics to children undergoing chemotherapy. Prescribing practices in these two centres treating Welsh children were similar. Both differed from the evidence basis we propose. Deviations were greatest for regimens of high emetogenicity, where effective emetic control is most crucial. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Teratocarcinosarcoma of the oral cavity
Authors: Crazzolara Roman , Puelacher Wolfgang , Ninkovic Milomir , Zelger Bettina , Buchberger Wolfgang , Meister Bernhard , Zimmerhackl Lothar B. , Klein‐Franke Andreas 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTeratocarcinosarcoma (TCS) is a very rare and aggressive neoplasm characterized by teratoma and carcinosarcoma components. The authors report on a case of TCS in the oral cavity of a child. Rapid growth and extensive local destruction were prominent features prior to treatment. Histologic examination revealed various tissue elements, such as epithelial, mesenchymal, and neuroectodermal components. Chemotherapy was effective in reducing tumor mass, followed by partial anterior mandibulectomy and reconstruction with composite microvascular tissue transfer. The approach allowed radical resection of the tumor and functional reconstruction with excellent aesthetic results. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of doctor‐shopping for high dosage buprenorphine maintenance treatment in a French region: development of a new method for prescription database
Authors: Pradel Vincent , Thirion Xavier , Ronfle Eléonore , Masut Alain , Micallef Joëlle , Bégaud Bernard 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPurposeTo assess the extent of doctor‐shopping for buprenorphine maintenance therapy in a French region with a specific indicator.MethodsUse of a quasi‐exhaustive prescription database in a French region (information system of the French General Health Insurance Scheme). Extraction of all buprenorphine prescriptions between September 1999 and December 2000. Definition and calculation of three quantities for each patient: delivered, prescribed and doctor‐shopping quantity. The calculation of these three quantities is done by an automated and reproducible method determining the overlaps in prescription periods of different physicians for a given patient. Calculation of the corresponding daily dose was done for each quantity.ResultsA total of 64 326 prescriptions of buprenorphine by 1313 physicians to 3259 patients were extracted. Quantities and doses were calculated for 2587 patients. The total doctor‐shopping quantity represented 18.6% of the delivered quantity. Doctor‐shopping involved a minority of patients and was highly concentrated: 87 patients with doctor‐shopping doses superior to 16 mg/day were responsible for 45.4% of the total doctor‐shopping quantity.ConclusionsDoctor‐shopping appears to be an important problem for buprenorphine maintenance treatment in France but may be resolved by regulatory interventions. The use of adequate indicators on prescription databases may help to limit the effects of such interventions on legitimate care. The method presented here may be used with slight adaptations for other medications to assess their abuse potential. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Venous thromboembolism associated with cyproterone acetate in combination with ethinyloestradiol (Dianette®): observational studies using the UK General Practice Research Database
Authors: Seaman H. E. , de Vries C. S. , Farmer R. D. T. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPurposeTo derive risk estimates for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in women prescribed cyproterone acetate combined with ethinyloestradiol (CPA/EE), a drug licensed in the UK for the treatment of women with acne or hirsutism. CPA/EE provides a treatment option for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). CPA/EE has been associated with an increased risk of VTE.MethodsUsing the General Practice Research Database, we conducted cohort and case‐control analyses in all women aged 15–39 and then nested in a population of women of the same age with acne, hirsutism or PCOS.ResultsThe incidence rate ratio (IRR) for VTE in women exposed to CPA/EE versus conventional combined oral contraceptives (COCs) was significantly raised (all women: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.22,2.88; nested: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.07,5.75). Using exposure to conventional COCs as the reference, the adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) for VTE associated with CPA/EE was 1.45 (95% CI: 0.80,2.64) in all women and 1.71 (95% CI: 0.31,9.49) in women with acne, hirsutism or PCOS.ConclusionsThe risk of VTE associated with CPA/EE use does not differ significantly from that associated with the use of conventional COCs. These data are reassuring and together with knowledge of the risks associated with other treatments for acne, in particular, should influence prescribing practice. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacists' role in reporting adverse drug reactions in an international perspective
Authors: van Grootheest Kees , Olsson Sten , Couper Mary , de Jong‐van den Berg Lolkje 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIntroductionThe participation of the pharmacist in national spontaneous reporting systems for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) has not always been a matter of course. Even today, there are a number of countries, in particular the Scandinavian countries, where pharmacists are not authorised to report ADRs. In those countries in which they are allowed to report, they do not always use this opportunity.MethodsWe have conducted a review of the literature to investigate the involvement of pharmacists in ADR reporting. In addition, we evaluated the pharmacists' actual contributions in 2001 by means of an international questionnaire‐based survey among the countries participating in the WHO Drug Monitoring Programme in September 2002. Apart from the numbers of pharmacists' reports, respondents were asked to indicate their assessment of both the quality and the significance of the contribution. Of the 68 participating countries, 41 responded by returning the questionnaire.Results and conclusionsThe appreciation of pharmacists' ADR reports is high in those countries that have more experience with greater numbers of pharmacists' reports. The countries that received fewer reports from pharmacists gave lower scores to their contribution. If the specific contribution pharmacists can make to the quantity and quality of ADR reports were to be exploited to a greater extent, this could lead to a substantial improvement of the international adverse drug reactions reporting system. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does uncollected medication reduce the validity of pharmacy dispensing data?
Authors: Tobi Hilde , van den Heuvel Nico‐Jan N , de Jong‐van den Berg Lolkje TW 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPurposeWhen using pharmacy data as collected in the InterAction database (IADB) for pharmacoepidemiology studies, we tend to ignore the fact that filled prescriptions are not always collected by the patient. This study investigated whether unclaimed prescriptions pose a validity threat for pharmacy data, by estimating the percentage of filled prescriptions that are not collected, the percentage of patients who do not collect their filled prescriptions and describing the items remaining unclaimed.MethodsProspective study in three independent pharmacies in the region that is covered by the IADB. All prescriptions that entered these pharmacies on 3 days in 1 week in October 2002 were monitored for a month with respect to whether and when they were claimed.ResultsA total of 3946 prescriptions concerning 3082 patients were filled. The majority of prescriptions were collected the day they were filled. In total 18 prescription items (0.46%) were not collected within 1 month; excluding health products and homeopathic drugs 13 remained. These 13 covered a variety of drug groups; 0.45% of the patients did not claim their medication within 1 month.ConclusionsPrimary non‐compliance due to not claiming medication has little impact on the validity of pharmacy dispensing data in the region under study. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.