bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dealing with the past and the path to transitional justice: A comparative analysis of South Korea and Albania
Authors: Kasmi Jetnor 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article compares the authoritarian regimes of early South Korea and Albania, identifying historical anecdotes of state authoritarianism that resulted in state‐led crimes and human rights violations. It identifies the historical connections between the establishment and maintenance of authoritarian regimes, as well as the consequences of such meticulous upkeep, by comparing and contrasting the efforts made in dealing with the past and lustration, as well as their significance for peace and stability. We compare the South Korean and Albanian cases from these perspectives to find similarities and differences. By comparing two different countries with similar authoritarian pasts, this article analyzes the efforts of both countries towards transitional justice, and unified rhetoric across the political spectrum for lustration and punishment of past crimes, and discovered that when it comes to practice, these laws tend to be unilateral and were strongly challenged in courts and used as political tools against ideological opponents.
Export product quality and inclusivity in developing countries
Authors: Gnangnon Sèna Kimm 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImproving the quality of export products is critical for promoting economic development, including for the achievement of sustainable development goals. The present study has examined the effect of export product quality improvement on inclusivity in developing countries. Inclusivity reflects a concomitant increase in the real per capita income, reduction in within‐country income inequality, and poverty reduction. The analysis covers 101 developing countries over the period from 1980 to 2014, and uses primarily the two‐step system Generalized Method of Moments estimator. It shows that export product quality improvement results in greater inclusivity, especially in countries that face high levels of economic growth volatility, including large magnitudes of external shocks. Likewise, export product quality improvement leads to greater inclusivity in countries that experience high levels of export product concentration. The analysis sheds light on the positive contribution of export product quality improvement to inclusivity in developing countries.
The Neolithic Revolution in the Middle East
Authors: Allen Robert C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the causes and the consequences of the emergence of agriculture in the Middle East. Agriculture has emerged in many parts of the world since the end of the last Ice Age about 15 000 years ago. The paper first surveys the Palaeolithic Period to understand why agriculture did not emerge earlier. Then the paper considers the processes that led to the emergence of agriculture in the Middle East. The question is approached as a problem in economic history, and the archaeological record is understood in terms of changes in labour productivity, as measured by calories produced per hour of work, and in the size of the associated agricultural surplus (the difference between the calories produced by a food procurement system and the calories required to sustain the people trying to support themselves with that system). The shift from foraging to the cultivation of wild seeds and the later impact of the emergence of domestic seed and improvements in tool design are assessed in this framework. It is also used to analyse the impact of agriculture on human wellbeing, the origin of manufacturing (e.g. pottery), and the emergence of inequality, states, and warfare.
Transcriptome analysis of primary adult B‐cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia identifies pathogenic variants and gene fusions, and predicts subtypes for in depth molecular diagnosis
Authors: Podgorica Mirjam , Drivet Elsa , Viken Jonas Krag , Richman Alyssa , Vestbøstad Johanne , Szodoray Peter , Kvam Ann Kristin , Wik Hilde Skuterud , Tjønnfjord Geir E. , Munthe Ludvig A. , Frietze Seth , Schjerven Hilde 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundB‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) is classified into subgroups based on known driver oncogenes and molecular lesions, including translocations and recurrent mutations. However, the current diagnostic tests do not identify subtypes or oncogenic lesions for all B‐ALL samples, creating a heterogeneous B‐ALL group of unknown subtypes.MethodsWe sorted primary adult B‐ALL cells and performed transcriptome analysis by bulk RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq).ResultsTranscriptomic analysis of an adult B‐ALL cohort allowed the classification of four patient samples with subtypes that were not previously revealed by standard gene panels. The leukemia of two patients were of the DUX4 subtype and two were CRLF2+ Ph‐like B‐ALL. Furthermore, single nucleotide variant analysis detected the oncogenic NRAS‐G12D, KRAS‐G12D, and KRAS‐G13D mutations in three of the patient samples, presenting targetable mutations. Additional oncogenic variants and gene fusions were uncovered, as well as multiple variants in the PDE4DIP gene across five of the patient samples.ConclusionWe demonstrate that RNA‐seq is an effective tool for precision medicine in B‐ALL by providing comprehensive molecular profiling of leukemia cells, identifying subtype and oncogenic lesions, and stratifying patients for appropriate therapy.
Substantial variability exists in the interpretation of survey radiographs among equine veterinarians
Authors: Esselman Angie M. , Johnson Sherry A. , Frisbie David D. , Barrett Myra F. , Zhou Tianjian , Contino Erin K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundRadiographs are a common diagnostic tool utilised during pre‐purchase examinations, yet differences surround their interpretation among equine veterinarians.Objectives(1) To determine veterinarians' subjective impressions of a spectrum of radiographic abnormalities regarding suitability for purchase; (2) To determine how veterinarians' years in practice, primary discipline or board certification status influence their subjective impression of radiographic abnormalities, and (3) To determine how horses' discipline, current level of work (working at intended level vs. future prospect) and buyer intent (sell vs. retain ownership) influence veterinarians' subsequent recommendation.Study designWorldwide electronic survey of veterinary professionals.MethodsFour radiographic series of navicular bones, tarsi, and stifles, representing varying degrees of pathological change (normal, mild, moderate and marked) were presented. Respondents (n = 211) graded their level of concern from 1 (no concern) to 10 (very concerned) based on the radiographs and case scenarios presented.ResultsOverall, as the grade of pathological change increased for each anatomical location, so did the level of veterinarian concern, but a wide range of answers were submitted for all grades of pathology. Board certified practitioners had a higher level of concern over marked radiographic changes of the navicular bone for both western performance and English sport horses as well as prospect horses (mean = 7.2 vs. 6.1; P = 0.009; 95% CI for difference = [0.3, 2.0]). Board certified respondents had a lower level of concern over marked radiographic changes of the tarsus regardless of the performance status of the horse (mean = 7.1 vs. 8.0; P = 0.008; 95% CI for difference = [−1.5, −0.2]). Western performance horse practitioners had a lower level of concern over mild radiographic changes of the tarsus regardless of the performance status of the horse (mean = 3.3 vs. 4.2; P = 0.009; 95% CI for difference = [−1.6, −0.2]).Main limitationsOnly one example of each pathological grade per anatomical region was presented.ConclusionsOn survey radiographs, the perceived clinical relevance of radiographic abnormalities among equine practitioners differs widely, making purchase recommendations highly variable.
Impacts of genetic polymorphisms and cancer cachexia on naldemedine pharmacokinetics and bowel movements in patients receiving opioid analgesics
Authors: Nakatsugawa Emi , Naito Takafumi , Shibata Kaito , Kitajima Ryo , Kawakami Junichi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesClinical responses to naldemedine vary between individuals with advanced cancer. This is a prospective, single‐center, observational study aimed to evaluate the influence of genetic polymorphisms and cachexia status on plasma naldemedine and clinical responses.MethodsForty‐eight patients being treated with naldemedine for opioid‐induced constipation under treatment of cancer pain were enrolled. Plasma naldemedine concentrations were determined on the fourth day or later after administration of naldemedine, and the associations with genotypes, cachexia status, and clinical responses were assessed.ResultsCancer patients exhibited a large variation in the plasma naldemedine concentrations, and it was correlated with serum total protein level. Patients who were homozygous CYP3A5*3 had a higher plasma concentration of naldemedine than those with the *1 allele. ABCB1 genotypes tested in this study were not associated with plasma naldemedine. A negative correlation was observed between the plasma naldemedine concentration and 4β‐hydroxycholesterol level. The plasma naldemedine concentration was lower in patients with refractory cachexia than in those with precachexia and cachexia. While serum levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and acute‐phase proteins were higher in patients with refractory cachexia, they were not associated with plasma naldemedine. A higher plasma concentration of naldemedine, CYP3A5*3/*3, and an earlier naldemedine administration after starting opioid analgesics were related to improvement of bowel movements.ConclusionPlasma naldemedine increased under deficient activity of CYP3A5 in cancer patients. Cachectic patients with a higher serum IL‐6 had a lower plasma naldemedine. Plasma naldemedine, related to CYP3A5 genotype, and the initiation timing of naldemedine were associated with improved bowel movements.
Mutual fund performance and manager assets: The negative effect of outside holdings
Authors: Evans Richard , Gil‐Bazo Javier , Lipson Marc 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe explore the relation between fund performance and the assets managed by the fund's managers that are outside the fund. Controlling for fund size, we find a negative relation between performance and the size of fund managers’ outside holdings, the number of other funds managed by a fund's managers, and the number of distinct fund categories managed by a fund's managers. This effect is driven by holdings that do not overlap with those held within the fund, and the effect's economic magnitude, while less than that of fund size, is comparable to that of fund family size and twice that of turnover. Endogeneity is addressed using fund mergers and recursive demeaning. Results suggest that manager responsibilities outside a fund significantly impact performance and that limited attention plays a role.
Diffusion and release behavior of Ag+ in ion‐exchanged antibacterial glaze
Authors: Wang Wenkai , Guo Ruixin , Niu Chenchen , Zhao Zhengkun , Xu Kai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA potential method for manufacturing antibacterial ceramics can be the incorporation of Ag+ ions into the surface of ceramic glaze via Ag+↔Na+ ion exchange. The ion‐exchange process is usually modulated by the concentration of AgNO3 in the ion‐exchange medium, which, in turn, affects the antibacterial activity. Therefore, the present study investigated the diffusion behavior of Ag+ ions into the glaze at different concentrations (2–10 wt%) of AgNO3 in the ion exchange AgNO3–NaNO3 medium and their release behavior from the ion‐exchanged glaze. The antibacterial activity of the Ag+ ion‐exchanged glaze was also evaluated. As AgNO3 concentration in AgNO3–NaNO3 molten salt increased from 2 to 10 wt%, the diffusion coefficient of Ag+ ions in the molten salt increased from 1.49 × 1021 to 3.84 × 1045 cm2 s−1, and its Nernst distribution coefficient increased from 0.65 to 4.13. This led to the increased incorporation of Ag+ ions in the glaze, which was beneficial for the ion‐exchanged glaze to release Ag+ ions, with the concentration increasing from 0.03 to 0.10 μg mL−1 cm−2 in 24 h, and maintain leaching of the Ag+ ions for a long time to exert long‐term antibacterial activity.
Association between sugar‐free beverage intake and childhood obesity among Chinese children and adolescents
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Yan , Li Fan , He Min , Li Jingxi , Zhang Shuangxia , Zhao Wenzhi , Tang Yuhan , Li Yanyan , Xiong Jingfan , Yao Ping 
Published: January 2024

SummaryBackgroundThe relationship between sugar‐free beverage (SFB) intake and childhood obesity among Chinese children is unknown.ObjectivesTo describe the status of SFB consumption among children and adolescents in China and assess the association between SFB intake and different types of obesity.MethodsThe study was based on the baseline data of an ongoing cohort project named Evaluation and Monitoring on School‐based Nutrition and Growth in Shenzhen (EMSNGS). Food frequency questionnaires were used to collect information on SFB consumption in 3227 students aged 9–17. Physical and clinical examinations were conducted by trained investigators and clinicians. Multivariable binary logistic regression models were performed to assess the association between SFB intake and general obesity, overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUOW)/metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO).ResultsThe median age of the participants was 13.28 years. Among the participants, 55.2% were boys, and 66.1% were adolescents. The median SFB consumption was 16.67 mL/d. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, each 100 mL increase in daily SFB intake was associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity (OR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.06–1.23), abdominal obesity (OR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.03–1.23), and MUOW/MUO (OR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.02–1.21), respectively. Stratified analyses showed that family income may have an impact on the association between SFB intake and overweight/obesity (P for interaction = 0.021) and abdominal obesity (P for interaction = 0.031).ConclusionSFB intake was positively associated with childhood obesity in Chinese children, particularly among individuals with high‐income families.
Clinical features and oncological outcomes of bladder cancer microsatellite instability
Authors: Nagakawa Shohei , Shiota Masaki , Takamatsu Dai , Tsukahara Shigehiro , Mastumoto Takashi , Blas Leandro , Inokuchi Junichi , Oda Yoshihiro , Eto Masatoshi 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesExcellent anticancer effect for solid tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI)‐high by anti‐PD‐1 antibody has been reported. In this study, we investigated the clinical impact of MSI status in bladder cancer.MethodsThis study included 205 Japanese patients who underwent transurethral resection for bladder cancer between 2005 and 2021. The prevalence rates of microsatellite stable (MSS), MSI‐low (MSI‐L), and MSI‐high (MSI‐H) were determined using molecular testing. We examined the association of MSI status (MSS versus MSI‐L/H) with clinicopathological characteristics and oncological outcomes.ResultsMSI‐L/H tumors were associated with higher T‐category in non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Additionally, MSI‐L/H tumors were associated with a higher risk of intravesical recurrence in NMIBC patients treated with intravesical bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) but not with non‐BCG therapy.ConclusionsThis study suggested that the MSI status might serve as a predictive marker for intravesical recurrence after BCG intravesical therapy in NMIBC and highlighted an unmet need for an alternative treatment in patients with MSI‐L/H tumors.
Clinicopathological characteristics of adrenocortical carcinoma in the Kyushu–Okinawa area of Japan
Authors: Nakanishi Shotaro , Fukushima Yumi , Inokuchi Junichi , Hakariya Tomoaki , Kakinoki Hiroaki , Enokida Hideki , Chikui Katsuaki , Matsuoka Hirofumi , Shin Toshitaka , Mukai Shoichiro , Kamba Tomomi , Eto Masatoshi , Imamura Ryoichi , Noguchi Mitsuru , Igawa Tsukasa , Haga Nobuhiro , Kamoto Toshiyuki , Fujimoto Naohiro , Saito Seiichi 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveAdrenocortical carcinoma is a rare condition, with limited comprehensive reports from Japan. This study aimed to review Japan's data on adrenocortical carcinoma by assessing information from 46 patients—with adrenocortical carcinoma across 10 Japanese university hospitals.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective multi‐institutional analysis of the clinical characteristics of adrenocortical carcinoma in Japan. We evaluated data from 46 patients across 10 university hospitals over 10 years and analyzed the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival.ResultsFive‐ and 10‐year overall survival rates were 59% and 53%, respectively. Overall survival was significantly different among the tumor–node–metastasis system for adrenocortical carcinoma of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer, with the worst prognosis in stage IV (p = 0.0044). In our cohort, neither the Weiss score nor the Ki‐67 proliferation index correlated with overall survival. Adjuvant treatment did not yield improved overall survival, whereas resection of the primary tumor in stage IV disease was significantly associated with improved overall survival (p = 0.0262). Out of the cases evaluated for plasma hormones, plasma cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, and DHEA‐S levels were measured at 23%, 42%, 29%, and 62%, respectively, demonstrating higher levels than the upper normal limits.ConclusionPatients with stage IV adrenocortical carcinoma had a poor prognosis; however, resection of the primary tumor in stage IV disease was associated with prolonged survival. The results of this study are expected to contribute to future treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma in Japan.
Protocols to reduce seclusion in inpatient mental health units
Authors: Quinn McKenzie , Jutkowitz Eric , Primack Jennifer , Lenger Katherine , Rudolph James , Trikalinos Thomas , Rickard Taylor , Mai Htun Ja , Balk Ethan , Konnyu Kristin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe use of seclusion to manage conflict behaviours in psychiatric inpatient settings is increasingly viewed as an intervention of last resort. Many protocols have, thus, been developed to reduce the practice. We conducted a systematic review to determine the effectiveness of protocols to reduce seclusion on process outcomes (e.g., seclusion, restraint), patient outcomes (e.g., injuries, aggressive incidents, satisfaction), and staff outcomes (e.g., injuries, satisfaction). We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials, PsycINFO, CINAHL, cairn.info, and ClinicalTrials.gov for protocols to reduce seclusion practices for adult patients on inpatient mental health units (from inception to September 6, 2022). We summarised and categorised reported elements of the protocols designed to reduce seclusion using the Behaviour Change Wheel Intervention Functions and resources needed to implement the protocol in psychiatric units. We assessed risk of bias and determined certainty of evidence using GRADE. Forty‐eight reports addressed five approaches to reduce seclusion: hospital/unit restructuring (N = 4), staff education/training (N = 3), sensory modulation rooms (N = 7), risk assessment and management protocols (N = 7), and comprehensive/mixed interventions (N = 22; N = 6 without empirical data). The relationship between the various protocols and outcomes was mixed. Psychiatric units that implement architecturally positive designs, sensory rooms, the Brøset Violence Checklist, and various multi‐component comprehensive interventions may reduce seclusion events, though our certainty in these findings is low due to studies' methodological limitations. Future research and practice may benefit from standardised reporting of process and outcome measures and analyses that account for confounders.
Nurses quietly quit their job more often than other healthcare workers: An alarming issue for healthcare services
Authors: Galanis Petros , Katsiroumpa Aglaia , Vraka Irene , Siskou Olga , Konstantakopoulou Olympia , Katsoulas Theodoros , Moisoglou Ioannis , Gallos Parisis , Kaitelidou Daphne 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimTo assess the level of quiet quitting among healthcare workers (HCWs) and identify possible differences between nurses, physicians, and other HCWs. We investigated the impact of sociodemographic variables, job burnout, and job satisfaction on quiet quitting levels.BackgroundThe quiet‐quitting phenomenon is not new but has been frequently discussed during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Interestingly, the level of quiet quitting among HCWs has not been measured yet.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study with a convenience sample. We measured sociodemographic variables, job burnout, job satisfaction, and quiet quitting. We adhered to STROBE guidelines for cross‐sectional studies.FindingsAmong our sample, 67.4% of nurses were quiet quitters, while the prevalence of quiet quitting for physicians and other HCWs was 53.8% and 40.3%, respectively. Multivariable linear regression analysis identified that the levels of quiet quitting were higher among nurses than physicians and other HCWs. Moreover, greater job burnout contributed more to quiet quitting, while less satisfaction implied more quiet quitting. HCWs who work in shifts and those working in the private sector experienced higher levels of quiet quitting.DiscussionMore than half of our HCWs were described as quit quitters. Levels of quiet quitting were higher among nurses. Job burnout and job dissatisfaction were associated with higher levels of quiet quitting.Implications for nursing practice and nursing policyMeasurement of quiet quitting and identification of risk factors are essential to prevent or reduce quiet quitting levels among HCWs. Our study provides information on this field helping managers and organizations to identify quiet quitters within HCWs. Policymakers and managers should develop and implement interventions both at an organizational level and at an individual level.