bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A single-cell atlas of conventional central chondrosarcoma reveals the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in malignant transformation
Authors: Su Zezhuo , Ho Joshua Wing Kei , Yau Raymond Ching Hing , Lam Ying Lee , Shek Tony Wai Hung , Yeung Maximus Chun Fai , Chen Hongtai , Oreffo Richard O. C. , Cheah Kathryn Song Eng , Cheung Kelvin Sin Chi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe transformation of benign lesions to malignant tumours is a crucial aspect of understanding chondrosarcomas, which are malignant cartilage tumours that could develop from benign chondroid lesions. However, the process of malignant transformation for chondroid lesions remains poorly understood, and no reliable markers are available to aid clinical decision-making. To address this issue, we conducted a study analysing 11 primary cartilage tumours and controls using single-cell RNA sequencing. By creating a single-cell atlas, we were able to identify the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the malignant transformation of conventional central chondrosarcomas (CCCS). Our research revealed that lower levels of ER stress promote chondrosarcoma growth in a patient-derived xenograft mouse model, while intensive ER stress reduces primary chondrosarcoma cell viability. Furthermore, we discovered that the NF-κB pathway alleviates ER stress-induced apoptosis during chondrosarcoma progression. Our single-cell signatures and large public data support the use of key ER stress regulators, such as DNA Damage Inducible Transcript 3 (DDIT3; also known as CHOP), as malignant markers for overall patient survival. Ultimately, our study highlights the significant role that ER stress plays in the malignant transformation of cartilaginous tumours and provides a valuable resource for future diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies.
The anti-COVID-19 drug Paxlovid crosses biological barriers of the placenta and brain in rats
Authors: Lee Wan-Hsin , Sun Chung-Kai , Chang Chun-Hao , Yang Muh-Hwa , Tsai Tung-Hu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPaxlovid (nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir) is an orally available drug for the treatment of COVID-19 disease. However, limited information remains on the biological barrier transfer of nirmatrelvir. In the present study, we investigated whether nirmatrelvir crosses the blood-placenta barrier to reach the conceptus (the collective term for the fetus, placenta, and amniotic fluid) during pregnancy and the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in male rats. Additionally, in this study, gender and pregnancy issues were investigated. Multisite microdialysis coupled with validated UHPLC-MS/MS was developed to monitor nirmatrelvir levels in maternal blood and the conceptus in pregnant rats and of the blood and brain in male and nonpregnant female rats after administration of nirmatrelvir (15 mg/kg, i.v.) alone and nirmatrelvir (15 mg/kg, i.v.) combined with ritonavir (7 mg/kg, i.v.). Pharmacokinetic results showed that nirmatrelvir rapidly penetrates the blood–placenta barrier to reach the conceptus after administration of nirmatrelvir (15 mg/kg, i.v.) alone and nirmatrelvir (15 mg/kg, i.v.) combined with ritonavir (7 mg/kg, i.v.) in pregnant rats. Nirmatrelvir also crosses the BBB in male and nonpregnant female rats in the same dose regimen. Compared to sex and pregnancy factors, the results show that protein-unbound nirmatrelvir increased significantly during pregnancy and did not differ between nonpregnant female and male rats. The results indicated that the concentrations of nirmatrelvir in the blood, conceptus, and brain were higher than the effective concentration of 90% (total EC90 = 292 ng/mL, unbound EC90 = 90.5 ng/mL, 181 nM) after the administration of nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir. Ritonavir provides a synergistic pharmacokinetic effect. Pregnancy is an important issue with increased protein-unbound nirmatrelvir in the blood and tissues.
Image segmentation method of rail head defects and area measurement of selected segments
Authors: Tverdomed Volodymyr , Gorban Anatoliy , Kushmar Lesia 
Published: January 2024

The operation safety of railway transport, which is the most important economic and social factor, is largely determined by the technical condition of the rail track and measures to maintain the quality of its track management system. One of the system elements for ensuring the accident-free operation of the track is the technical diagnosis of rails using a method complex of non-destructive control of rails, such as acoustic (ultrasonic), magnetic, combined, etc., and monitoring of the track using methods of measuring the geometry of the rail track and its disturbances.When the wheel interacts with the rail, especially on high-speed and load-stressed sections, defects and damage inevitably occur in the rails. A rather large share of such defects are on the rolling surface of the rail head. Formed defects develop rapidly, which seriously complicates the safety of train traffic. Therefore, accurate and quick detection of defects on the rolling surface of the rail head is very important. However, it is quite difficult to detect defects on the rolling surface of the rail by the acoustic (ultrasound) method due to the violation of tight contact between the rolling surface of the rail head and the piezoelectric transducer. In this case, it is quite convenient to detect surface defects of the rail head using video control.The article provides a comparative analysis of segmentation methods. There has been presented the method of image segmentation of main rail defects based on general contour preparation and parallel-hierarchical (PH) transformation using their classification. The parallel-hierarchical transformation method allows to increase the segmentation accuracy of individual areas in the original image compared to similar ones. The algorithm of pyramidal generalized-contour preparation and the criterion system allows, by calculating the threshold for each level of the gray scale, to present the study of the image with the corresponding contour preparations at the segmentation level. Modeling of recursive generalized-contour preparation and PH transformation method for image segmentation problem of rail head defects shows that, compared to the segmentation method based on the increase of areas, the accuracy of image segmentation is better. A modified method of calculating the image contour area based on the coding of lines forming the boundaries of the black and white areas of the two-gradation image has been given.
Non-Thermal Liver Ablation: Existing and New Technology
Authors: Nakla Tiffany , Chow Jacqueline J. , Pham Kathleen , Abi-Jaoudeh Nadine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCancer has and continues to be a complex health crisis plaguing millions around the world. Alcohol ablation was one of the initial methods used for the treatment of liver lesions. It was surpassed by thermal ablation which has played a big role in the therapeutic arsenal for primary and metastatic liver tumors. However, thermal ablation has several shortcomings and limitations that prompted the development of alternative technologies including electroporation and histotripsy. Percutaneous alcohol injection in the liver lesion leads to dehydration and coagulative necrosis. This technology is limited to the lesion with relative sparing of the surrounding tissue, making it safe to use adjacent to sensitive structures. Electroporation utilizes short high-voltage pulses to permeabilize the cell membrane and can result in cell death dependent on the threshold reached. It can effectively target the tumor margins and has lower damage rates to surrounding structures due to the short pulse duration. Histotripsy is a novel technology, and although the first human trial was just completed, its results are encouraging, given the sharp demarcation of the targeted tissue, lack of thermal damage, and potential for immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we discuss these techniques, their uses, and overall clinical benefit.
Small Pox Marks Face
Authors: Sharma R. N. , Tandon S. N. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryAn analysis of 57 cases collected between January 1959 to december 1968 at the Unit of Plastic Surgery, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India is presented. The description of the various parts affected, technique and post-operative Management is outlined. A brief discussion and follow up has been discribed.
Breast Reconstruction (A method for Augmentation)
Authors: Sethi S. S. 
Published: January 2024

Summary1. Da Silva markings of the breast have been described for performing Strombeck procedure for reduction mammaplasty, instead of Strom-beck's standard patterns.2. Strambeck's procedure is also used for reconstruction of the breast, after extirpation of the breast-tissue for premalignant conditions, or a benign tumour.3. The technique and the advantages are discussed.
“Z” Plasty Repair for Torn Ear Lobule
Authors: Lodha S. C. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryDue to the heavy earrings, the ear lobule is often torn in Indian women. The recurrence rate is high in commonly performed operations. “Z” Plasty operation in its treatment is devoid of recurrence and adds length to the shrunken ear lobules. This is the only operation which solves all the problems faced by a Surgeon.
Vietnamese lived religion, Confucianism and women: goddess spirituality in Nguyễn Dữ’s the young woman from Nam Xuong
Authors: Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVietnam as a nation is deeply rooted in the wet-rice agricultural civilization, which is characterized by the Yin (female) principle and the religion worshiping Mother Goddess. However, Chinese Confucianism significantly influenced Vietnam throughout the feudal dynasties (10–19th centuries). Confucian kingship propagates symbols of virtuous women to establish the moral order of a male-dominated society. In contrast, by practicing lived religion and spreading folk narratives, Vietnamese people turn virtuous women into Mother Goddess with a liberal, creative and patronage identity. This study, thus, examines the position of women in Confucian Nguyễn Dữ’s The Young Woman from Nam Xuong, a canonical story reconstructed from legend. It is important to address the main concern about metaphors of a duality culture and a conflict discourse of Confucian politics and Vietnamese lived religion through the issue of Goddess spirituality. This article uses an interdisciplinary approach to demonstrate that resistance to Chinese Dominance and anti-Sinicization were significant issues of Vietnamese medieval literature and culture.
Do artists perceive blockchain as a new revenue opportunity? A social representation study of the Korean music industry
Authors: Park Yujun , Kim Seongcheol 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough blockchain has often been perceived as a game-changer that can revolutionize the music industry, it also retains possible challenges regarding the practicality of such innovative adoption. This study seeks to construe the realistic thoughts raised by artists regarding the new revenue opportunities arising from the adoption of blockchain in the Korean music industry. This involves the disintermediation of the obsolete music royalty distribution system and a new revenue channel from the Non-fungible Token market. Based on social representation theory and interviews with Korean artists, this study found ambivalent perceptions towards the adoption of blockchain in the music industry - hoping for new possibilities while also perceiving the impracticality of such innovation. Indeed, it may be too good to be true for artists who have observed the local domain with little change regardless of their continuous cries for help. After thorough discussion, the study provides key implications to induce sound settlement of an innovative technology.
Magnetohydrodynamic simulation and test of compression arc-extinguishing device under icing condition
Authors: Huang Ping , Xu Shijie , Qin Honglin , Yang Guoting , Huang Junlin , Li Zhihao 
Published: January 2024

When the weather is cold and wet, the insulator and the transmission line components often undergo icing. In order to study the inhibition effect of the compression arc-extinguishing device with icing on the recovery of arc plasma conductivity and air disruptive strength, this paper will verify it through simulation and test. In the simulation part, a two-dimensional geometric model is established, and the magnetohydrodynamic equation group is used as the control equation group. The breakdown characteristics of the device with and without icing are compared, and the dynamic characteristics of the arc are studied in terms of temperature and conductivity. The results show that the temperature of the arc plasma can be reduced to 3000 K within 1 ms, and the conductivity can be reduced to 0 within 250 µs. In the test part, the suppression effect on arc current amplitude after the device with icing is subjected to high current impact is verified, and the coupling triggering method of impulse voltage and power frequency voltage is adopted to further verify the arc extinguishing condition of the device when the power frequency current continues. The results show that the amplitude of the arc produced by high current impulse decreases from 67 to 35 kA and to 0 within 1 ms after passing through the device with icing, and the current amplitude can still drop to 0 at 2.5 ms after adding the power frequency voltage. It is proved that the device with icing can inhibit the recovery of arc plasma conductivity and air disruptive strength.
Optimization algorithm to generate a robust magnetic force of the magnetic navigation system against position error of a magnetic robot
Authors: Lee D. , Kwon J. , Jang G. 
Published: January 2024

We propose an optimization algorithm to generate a robust magnetic force against position error to achieve good controllability of the magnetic robot in the region of interest of a magnetic navigation system comprising electromagnets. We formulate an optimization problem that minimizes the norm of the spatial derivatives of the magnetic force subject to the constraints of the magnetic flux density and magnetic force. The robust magnetic force generated by the proposed algorithm was compared with conventional pseudo-inverse matrix method and verified through an experiment in which a magnetic robot was successfully steered along a bifurcated glass tube to reach a target position.
Magnetic properties of microwave-processed ferromagnetic La2CoMnO6
Authors: Manikandan M. , Mahendiran R. 
Published: January 2024

We synthesized ferromagnetic La2CoMnO6 by irradiating a stoichiometric mixture of oxide powder with microwave (MW) of frequency 2.45 GHz and studied the impact of microwave power (P) on its structural and magnetic properties. The MW power (P) was varied from 1000 to 1600 W at a pre-set sintering temperature of 1200 °C and a dwelling time of 20 min. The ferromagnetic transition temperature and saturation magnetization depend on P. The highest saturation magnetization value of 5.54 μB/f.u. was realized in the sample irradiated with P = 1400 W which is closer to the theoretical value of 6 μB/f.u. for spin-only contributions from Co2+ (S = 3/2) and Mn4+ (S = 3/2). The observed results can be attributed to varying degrees of B-site ordering of Co2+ and Mn4+ ion with the MW power, however, caution has to be taken to ensure that the sample is maintained at a specified temperature for the desired dwelling time. Our results indicate that varying the microwave power at a fixed sintering temperature provides a different approach for manipulating saturation magnetization and Curie temperature.
Determination of thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat of liquids using a thermoelectric module
Authors: Mendiola-Curto Víctor , Beltrán-Pitarch Braulio , García-Cañadas Jorge 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Managing heat through working fluids is essential in many applications, as well as the development of new fluids with improved properties. Therefore, the characterization of their thermal properties, which is usually a laborious task, is necessary to design and model new thermal systems. In this study, we show the proof of concept of a new method capable of determining the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat capacity of liquids from a single simple measurement, provided their density is known (a property easy to measure). The method is based on the use of a thermoelectric module, which is soldered to a large copper block at one side (heat sink). At the other side, the liquid is added on top of the ceramic external layer of the module. By means of impedance spectroscopy measurements, it is demonstrated for three liquids (water, Luzar, and diethylene glycol) that their thermal properties of can be obtained. In order to do this, a new equivalent circuit was developed to account for the new boundary conditions of the measuring setup. Random and systematic errors were calculated and combined to obtain a total uncertainty <8.6% for the thermal conductivity, <6.3% for the thermal diffusivity, and <6.1% for the specific heat capacity. The reasonably low uncertainties obtained position the new method as a low-cost alternative able to provide the three key thermal properties of liquids from one single measurement and only using a single setup.
Hilbert’s and Takeda’s single-shot interferometry with a linear-carrier: a comparison
Authors: Ferrari José A , Flores Jorge L , Fernández Lakatos Matías , Ayubi Gastón A , Perciante César D , Frins Erna 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The purpose of the present work is to compare single-shot phase-retrieval methods based on Hilbert’s transform with Takeda’s spatial linear-carrier method. In addition, we briefly discuss the so-called slightly-off-axis method that involves two interferograms as an efficient way to remove background illumination bias. After carefully analyzing the assumptions implicit in both approaches, we demonstrate that the Hilbert transform based method is completely identical to the 30 years old Takeda’s interferometry with a spatial linear-carrier. Validation experiments are presented.
Unraveling the strain tuning mechanism of interlayer excitons in WSe2/MoSe2 heterostructure
Authors: Ge Anping , Ge Xun , Sun Liaoxin , Lu Xinle , Ma Lei , Zhao Xinchao , Yao Bimu , Zhang Xin , Zhang Tao , Jing Wenji , Zhou Xiaohao , Shen Xuechu , Lu Wei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit rich excitonic physics, due to reduced dielectric screening and strong Coulomb interactions. Especially, some attractive topics in modern condensed matter physics, such as correlated insulator, superconductivity, topological excitons bands, are recently reported in stacking two monolayer (ML) TMDs. Here, we clearly reveal the tuning mechanism of tensile strain on interlayer excitons (IEXs) and intralayer excitons (IAXs) in WSe2/MoSe2 heterostructure (HS) at low temperature. We utilize the cryogenic tensile strain platform to stretch the HS, and measure by micro-photoluminescence (μ-PL). The PL peaks redshifts of IEXs and IAXs in WSe2/MoSe2 HS under tensile strain are well observed. The first-principles calculations by using density functional theory reveals the PL peaks redshifts of IEXs and IAXs origin from bandgap shrinkage. The calculation results also show the Mo-4d states dominating conduction band minimum shifts of the ML MoSe2 plays a dominant role in the redshifts of IEXs. This work provides new insights into understanding the tuning mechanism of tensile strain on IEXs and IAXs in two-dimensional (2D) HS, and paves a way to the development of flexible optoelectronic devices based on 2D materials.
How does the electric field induced by tDCS influence motor-related connectivity? Model-guided perspectives
Authors: Fernandes Sofia Rita , Callejón-Leblic M Amparo , Ferreira Hugo Alexandre 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Over the last decade, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been applied not only to modulate local cortical activation, but also to address communication between functionally-related brain areas. Stimulation protocols based on simple two-electrode placements are being replaced by multi-electrode montages to target intra- and inter-hemispheric neural networks using multichannel/high definition paradigms. Objective. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of electric field (EF) patterns originated by tDCS experiments addressing changes in functional brain connectivity. Methods. A previous selection of tDCS experimental studies aiming to modulate motor-related connectivity in health and disease was conducted. Simulations of the EF induced in the cortex were then performed for each protocol selected. The EF magnitude and orientation are determined and analysed in motor-related cortical regions for five different head models to account for inter-subject variability. Functional connectivity outcomes obtained are qualitatively analysed at the light of the simulated EF and protocol characteristics, such as electrode position, number and stimulation dosing. Main findings. The EF magnitude and orientation predicted by computational models can be related with the ability of tDCS to modulate brain functional connectivity. Regional differences in EF distributions across subjects can inform electrode placements more susceptible to inter-subject variability in terms of brain connectivity-related outcomes. Significance. Neuronal facilitation/inhibition induced by tDCS fields may indirectly influence intra and inter-hemispheric connectivity by modulating neural components of motor-related networks. Optimization of tDCS using computational models is essential for adequate dosing delivery in specific networks related to clinically relevant connectivity outcomes.