bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injury pattern and clinical outcome in patients with and without chest wall injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Hadesi Parsa , Rossi Norrlund Rauni , Caragounis Eva-Corina 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), although lifesaving may cause chest wall injury (CWI) because of the physical force exerted on the thorax. The impact of CWI on clinical outcome in this patient group is unclear. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of CPR-related CWI and the secondary aim to study injury pattern, length of stay (LOS), and mortality in patients with and without CWI.

METHODS
This is a retrospective study of adult patients who were admitted to our hospital due to cardiac arrest (CA) during 2012 to 2020. Patients were identified in the Swedish CPR Registry and those undergoing CT of the thorax within 2 weeks after CPR were included. Patients with traumatic CA, chest wall surgery prior or after CA were excluded. Demographic data, type and length of CPR, type of CWI, LOS on mechanical ventilator (MV), in intensive care unit (ICU) and in hospital (H), and mortality were studied.

RESULTS
Of 1,715 CA patients, 245 met the criteria for inclusion. The majority (79%) of the patients suffered from CWI. Chondral injuries and rib fractures were more common than sternum fractures (95% vs. 57%), and 14% had a radiological flail segment. Patients with CWI were older (66.5 ± 15.4 vs. 52.5 ± 15.2, p < 0.001). No difference was seen in MV-LOS (3 [0–43] vs. 3 [0–22]; p = 0.430), ICU-LOS (3 [0–48] vs. 3 [0–24]; p = 0.427), and H-LOS (5.5 [0–85] vs. 9.0 [1–53]; p = 0.306) in patients with or without CWI. Overall mortality within 30 days was higher with CWI (68% vs. 47%, p = 0.007).

CONCLUSION
Chest wall injuries are common after CPR and 14% of patients had a flail segment on CT. Elderly patients have an increased risk of CWI, and a higher overall mortality is seen in patients with CWI.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.
Preface to the theme issue ‘Physics-informed machine learning and its structural integrity applications (Part 2)’
Authors: Zhu Shun-Peng , De Jesus Abílio M. P. , Berto Filippo , Michopoulos John G. , Iacoviello Francesco , Wang Qingyuan 
Published: November 2023

As an emerging research field, physics-informed machine learning and its structural integrity applications may bring new opportunities to the intelligent solution of engineering problems. Pure data-driven approaches have some limitations when solving engineering problems due to lack of interpretability and data hungry applications. Therefore, further unlocking the potential of machine learning will be an important research direction in the future. Knowledge-driven machine learning methods may have a profound impact on future engineering research. The theme of this special issue focuses on more specific physics-informed machine learning methods and case studies. This issue presents a series of practical ideas to demonstrate the huge potential of physics-informed machine learning for solving engineering problems with high precision and efficiency.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Physics-informed machine learning and its structural integrity applications (Part 2)’.
Paenibacillus caseinilyticus sp. nov., isolated forest soil
Authors: Lee Hyosun , Chaudhary Dhiraj Kumar , Lim Oung Bin , Lee Ki Eun , Cha In Tae , Chi Won Jae , Kim Dong-Uk 
Published: November 2023

A milky-white-coloured, aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and motile bacterial strain (GW78T) was isolated from forest soil. GW78T was catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The strain was able to grow optimally at 37 °C and at pH 7.0 in Reasoner's 2A media. The phylogenetic and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of GW78T showed its affiliation with the genus

Paenibacillus

. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of GW78T revealed 98.3 % similarity to its nearest neighbour

Paenibacillus mucilaginosus

VKPM B-7519T. Its chemotaxonomic properties included MK-7 as the sole menaquinone, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids, and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1
ω11c and anteiso-C17 : 0 as predominant fatty acids. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity results with its closest relatives were <74.0 % and <14.0 %, respectively. Overall, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, phylogenetic and genomic evidence, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data allow the differentiation of GW78T from other members of the genus

Paenibacillus

. Thus, we propose that strain GW78T represents a novel species of the genus

Paenibacillus

, with the name Paenibacillus caseinilyticus sp. nov. The type strain is GW78T (=KCTC 43430T=NBRC 116023T).
A study of machine learning techniques for Automated Karyotyping System
Authors: Kaur Kamalpreet , Dhir Renu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGenetic abnormalities constitute a considerable share of all the existing societal healthcare issues. There has been a dire need for the automation of chromosomal analysis, hence supporting laboratory workers in effective classification and identifying such abnormalities. Nevertheless, with many modern image processing techniques, like Karyotyping, improved the life expectancy and the quality of life of such cases. The standard image-based analysis procedures include Pre-processing, Segmentation, Feature extraction, and Classification of images. When explicitly considering Karyotyping, the processes of Segmentation and Classification of chromosomes have been the most complex, with much existing literature focusing on the same. Various model-based machine learning models have proven to be highly effective in solving existing issues and building an artificial intelligence-based, autonomous-centric karyotyping system. An autonomous Karyotyping System will connect the pre-processing, Segmentation, and classification of metaphase images. The review focuses on machine learning-based algorithms for efficient classification accuracy. The study has the sole motive of moving towards an effective classification method for karyotype metaphase images, which will eventually predict the fetus’s abnormalities more effectively. The study’s results shall benefit future researchers working in this area.
Insight into the gut virome in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bokoliya Suresh C , Russell Jordan , Yuan Hanshu , Xia Zongqi , Piccio Laura , Zhou Yanjiao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune condition associated with dysbiosis in the bacterial element of microbiome, yet limited information exists regarding dysbiosis in the virome. In this study, we examined the virome in 20 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients and 22 healthy controls (HC). We extracted virus-like particles (VLP) genomic DNA through sequential filtration, followed by deep metagenomic sequencing approaches with and without multiple displacement amplification (MDA). We found significantly lower diversity in the gut virome of RRMS patients relative to HC, consistent across both sequencing methods. MDA method identified reduced relative abundance ofMicroviridaeandMyoviridaebacteriophage, and eukaryotic virus such asHerpesviridaeandPhycodnaviridaein RRMS patients compared to HC. Non-MDA methods showed reduction in relative abundance ofSiphoviridaebacteriophage and eukaryotic viruses such asAckermannviridae,Demerecviridae,Dicistroviridae,Herelleviridae,Mesnidovirineaein RRMS patients. Cluster analysis revealed that the whole virome family was dominated byPodoviridaeandSiphoviridaeclusters. Comparing dietary metadata between these clusters, RRMS patients in theSiphoviridae-dominated Cluster B showed significantly higher consumption of refined grains and salad dressings compared to those in thePodoviridae-dominated Cluster A. Correlation analysis between gut viruses and bacteria demonstrated thatSiphoviridaeexhibited positive correlations with many different bacterial genera. Conversely,Microviridaedisplayed negative correlations with many different bacterial genera. These findings underscore the alterations in viral diversity and taxonomic composition of the gut virome in RRMS patients. Our study represents the first step in understanding the gut virome in MS patients, providing a groundwork for future research on the role of the gut virome in the context of MS.
Mediator Subunit Med4 Enforces Metastatic Dormancy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Bae Seong-Yeon , Ling Hsiang-Hsi , Chen Yi , Chen Hong , Kumar Dhiraj , Zhang Jiankang , Viny Aaron D. , DePinho Ronald A. , Giancotti Filippo G. 
Published: November 2023

SummaryLong term survival of breast cancer patients is limited due to recurrence from metastatic dormant cancer cells. However, the mechanisms by which these dormant breast cancer cells survive and awaken remain poorly understood. Our unbiased genome-scale genetic screen in mice identifiedMed4as a novel cancer-cell intrinsic gatekeeper in metastatic reactivation.MED4haploinsufficiency is prevalent in metastatic breast cancer patients and correlates with poorer prognosis. Syngeneic xenograft models revealed thatMed4enforces breast cancer dormancy. Contrary to the canonical function of the Mediator complex in activating gene expression,Med4maintains 3D chromatin compaction and enhancer landscape, by preventing enhancer priming or activation through the suppression of H3K4me1 deposition.Med4haploinsufficiency disrupts enhancer poise and reprograms the enhancer dynamics to facilitate extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression and integrin-mediated mechano-transduction, driving metastatic growth. Our findings establishMed4as a key regulator of cellular dormancy and a potential biomarker for high-risk metastatic relapse.
Optimization of synthetic oscillatory biological networks through Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Giannantoni Leonardo , Savino Alessandro , Di Carlo Stefano 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the expanding realm of computational biology, Reinforcement Learning (RL) emerges as a novel and promising approach, especially for designing and optimizing complex synthetic biological circuits. This study explores the application of RL in controlling Hopf bifurcations within ODE-based systems, particularly under the influence of molecular noise. Through two case studies, we demonstrate RL’s capabilities in navigating biological systems’ inherent non-linearity and high dimensionality. Our findings reveal that RL effectively identifies the onset of Hopf bifurcations and preserves biological plausibility within the optimized networks. However, challenges were encountered in achieving persistent oscillations and matching traditional algorithms’ computational speed. Despite these limitations, the study highlights RL’s significant potential as an instrumental tool in computational biology, offering a novel perspective for exploring and optimizing oscillatory dynamics within complex biological systems. Our research establishes RL as a promising strategy for manipulating and designing intricate behaviors in biological networks.
Engineering orthogonal ribosomes for real-time monitoring using fluorescence
Authors: Csibra Eszter , Klopprogge Bjarne , Sørensen Georgie Hau , Gorochowski Thomas E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA promising route to tackle the trade-off in cellular resources between synthetic protein production and cellular growth is to use a separate dedicated pool of orthogonal ribosomes to produce synthetic proteins. However, the optimisation of strains containing two ribosomal pools – native for the host cell’s proteome and orthogonal for synthetic proteins – has yet to be thoroughly explored. Here, we address this by creating orthogonal ribosomes that fluoresce by inserting fluorescent RNA aptamers into tethered orthogonal ribosomal RNA (TO-rRNA). To study the tolerance of the engineered ribosomes to aptamer insertion, we assembled and screened a library of candidate insertion sites, identifying several sites in both the 16S and 23S TO-rRNA that enables ribosome labelling with minimal effect on translation activity. Serendipitously, we identify one site in 23S TO-rRNA, where insertion appears to not only be tolerated but to enhance orthogonal ribosome activity, across multiple bacterial strains and RNA insertions. Using bulk and single cell assays, we demonstrate that this variant allows us to label orthogonal ribosomes for dynamic tracking and across populations, making it a promising tool for optimising orthogonal translation in engineered cells. Ribosome engineering offers great potential, both for the development of next-generation microbial cell factories, as well as a tool to expand our understanding of ribosome function in living cells. This work provides a window into the assembly, localisation and function of these molecular machines to meet these aims.
Secreted antigen A peptidoglycan hydrolase is essential forEnterococcus faeciumcell separation and priming of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Klupt Steven , Fam Kyong Tkhe , Zhang Xing , Chodisetti Pavan Kumar , Mehmood Abeera , Boyd Tumara , Grotjahn Danielle , Park Donghyun , Hang Howard C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEnterococcus faeciumis a microbiota species in humans that can modulate host immunity1, but has also acquired antibiotic resistance and is a major cause of hospital-associated infections2. Notably, diverse strains ofE. faeciumproduce SagA, a highly conserved peptidoglycan hydrolase that is sufficient to promote intestinal immunity3–5and immune checkpoint inhibitor antitumor activity6. However, the functions of SagA inE. faeciumwere unknown. Here we report that deletion ofsagAimpairedE. faeciumgrowth and resulted in bulged and clustered enterococci due to defective peptidoglycan cleavage and cell separation. Moreover, ΔsagAshowed increased antibiotic sensitivity, yielded lower levels of active muropeptides, displayed reduced activation of the peptidoglycan pattern-recognition receptor NOD2, and failed to promote cancer immunotherapy. Importantly, plasmid-based expression of SagA, but not its catalytically-inactive mutant, restored ΔsagAgrowth, production of active muropeptides and NOD2 activation. SagA is therefore essential forE. faeciumgrowth, stress resistance and activation of host immunity.
The Origin and Evolution of Sex Peptide and Sex Peptide Receptor Interactions
Authors: Peng Junhui , Svetec Nicolas , Molina Henrik , Zhao Li 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPost-mating responses play a vital role in successful reproduction across diverse species. In fruit flies, sex peptide (SP) binds to the sex peptide receptor (SPR), triggering a series of post-mating responses. However, the origin of SPR predates the emergence of SP. The evolutionary origins of the interactions between SP and SPR and the mechanisms by which they interact remain enigmatic. In this study, we used ancestral sequence reconstruction, AlphaFold2 predictions, and molecular dynamics simulations to study SP-SPR interactions and their origination. Using AlphaFold2 and long-time molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we predicted the structure and dynamics of SP-SPR interactions. We show that SP potentially binds to the ancestral states of Diptera SPR. Notably, we found that only a few amino acid changes in SPR are sufficient for the formation of SP-SPR interactions. Ancestral sequence reconstruction and MD simulations further reveal that SPR interacts with SP through residues that are mostly involved in the interaction interface of an ancestral ligand, myoinhibitory peptides (MIPs). We propose a potential mechanism whereby SP-SPR interactions arise from the pre-existing MIP-SPR interface as well as early chance events both inside and outside the pre-existing interface that created novel SP-specific SP-SPR interactions. Our findings provide new insights into the origin and evolution of SP-SPR interactions and their relationship with MIP-SPR interactions.
Cross-cultural examination of successful entrepreneurial small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Balhico Ana , Pereira Renato , Jarrar Hajer 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential variances in strategic entrepreneurial small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across different countries while also exploring the cultural implications that may arise.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a qualitative research approach was used, involving semi-structured interviews conducted with seven technology start-ups from two countries – Portugal and France.FindingsThe results of this study demonstrate significant differences in opportunity-seeking, performance and long-term orientation behaviors between the technology start-ups in Portugal and France.Practical implicationsThis knowledge can help entrepreneurs and investors make informed decisions when developing strategies, entering new markets or seeking partnerships with start-ups from different countries. Furthermore, policymakers can use these findings to support entrepreneurship initiatives and foster an environment that encourages strategic entrepreneurship practices.Originality/valueThis study offers a unique perspective by focusing on the firm level of entrepreneurial SMEs and the strategic practices adopted by technology start-ups in Portugal and France. In contrast, prior studies have predominantly centred on analysing individual motivations for entrepreneurship, such as personal traits or attitudes, rather than exploring the actual strategic behaviors and practices of start-ups in various countries. By shifting the emphasis to the firm level, this study provides a more comprehensive understanding of how strategic entrepreneurship practices differ across different cultural contexts. As such, it represents a significant contribution to the existing literature on strategic entrepreneurship.
Developing a systematic performance measurement framework for benchmarking steel modular building construction
Authors: Ping Tianyao , Pan Wei , Zhang Zhiqian 
Published: November 2023

PurposeModular construction is an innovative method that enhances the performance of building construction projects. However, the performance of steel modular construction has not been systematically understood, and the existing measurement methods exhibit limitations in effectively addressing the features of steel modular building construction. Therefore, this study aims to develop a new performance measurement framework for systematically examining the performance of steel modular construction in building projects.Design/methodology/approachThis study was conducted through a mixed-method research design that combines a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art practices of construction performance measurement and a case study with a 17-story steel modular apartment building project in Hong Kong. The case project was measured with data collected from the project teams and other reliable channels, and the measurement practices and findings were referenced to establish a systematic performance measurement framework for steel modular construction.FindingsConsidering steel modular construction as a complex socio-technical system, a systematic performance measurement framework was developed, which considers the features of steel modular construction, focuses on the construction stage, incorporates the views of various stakeholders, integrates generic and specific key performance indicators and provides a benchmarking process. Multifaceted benefits of adopting steel modular construction were demonstrated with case study, including improved economic efficiency (e.g. nearly 10% cost savings), improved environmental friendliness (e.g. approximately 90% waste reduction) and enhanced social welfare (e.g. over 60% delivery trips reduction).Originality/valueThis paper extends the existing performance measurement methods with a new framework proposed and offers experience for future steel modular construction. The measured performance of the case project also contributes in-depth understanding on steel modular construction with benefits demonstrated. The study is expected to accelerate an effective uptake of steel modular construction in building projects.
Multi-factor model of the antecedents of unplanned conversations at work
Authors: Mandhana Dron M. 
Published: November 2023

PurposeDuring everyday work, individuals often engage in unplanned conversations that help them develop relationships, share information and coordinate tasks. Unfortunately, the work-from-home mandates issued due to the pandemic have reduced the frequency of unplanned conversations among employees. So, as businesses reopen, organizations are considering post-pandemic workplace solutions that can facilitate unplanned conversations. To aid these efforts and move research and theory on unplanned conversations forward, this study proposes and tests a multi-factor model of the antecedents of unplanned conversations.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a multi-methodological approach and collected data using automated sensing technology, structured observations and cross-sectional survey methods. A total of 5,297 unplanned conversations among 61 employees were recorded using the custom mobile application and structured observations. Cross-sectional survey data about these employees' work contexts were also collected.FindingsThe study results showed that the model significantly predicted the frequency of unplanned conversations. Notably, technical expertise, perceived time pressure and team psychological safety significantly predicted the frequency of unplanned conversations. The study findings have both theoretical and practical significance.Originality/valuePrevious research studies have primarily focused on the influence of workplace designs on unplanned conversations. However, this study demonstrates that several other factors facilitate unplanned conversations. This research theorizes and empirically tests the relationship between unplanned conversations and several individual, team and organizational factors.
Major criteria of credible integrated development planning in local government: city of Mbombela, Ehlanzeni District, South Africa
Authors: Mulaudzi Dovhani Johannes , Francis Joseph , Zuwarimwe Jethro , Chakwizira James 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to determine the major criteria for a credible integrated development planning (IDP) process in Mbombela municipality, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilizes a combination of sequential exploratory and explanatory mixed methods. About 120 key informants participated in the structured questionnaire, and a further seven interviews were conducted as elite interviews. Four multistakeholder workshop sessions with up to sixty-six participants each were conducted.FindingsTo strengthen the integrated planning in local government, the study recommended “stakeholder participation and ownership,” “leadership and accountability,” “impact and outcome-based focus,” “a compact value chain” and “monitoring and evaluation.”Originality/valueThe IDP process is a tactical planning gadget designed to achieve transformation and introduce new systems of governance. IDPs currently tend to lack standard criteria to measure their performance in promoting public leadership and responding to community needs, which is a major challenge in many municipalities across South Africa. Since its introduction in 2000 to fast-track service delivery, concerns have been raised about why there are still constant protests alleged to be caused by poor service delivery.