bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical negligence claims against Indian neurosurgeons and neurologists—A records review of National Consumer Dispute Redressal Commission (NCDRC) judgments
Authors: Sethi Aakash Ashishkumar , Laha Gayatri Suvro , Shringarpure Kalpita Samrat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
As a specialty that frequently treats acute pathology and refractory pain, neurosurgery is at risk for medical negligence suits. In India, patients alleging medical negligence can seek compensation by approaching the “National Consumer Dispute Redressal Commission [NCDRC].” We aim to analyze NCDRC judgments against neurologists/surgeons based on the type of doctor (neurologist or neurosurgeon) implicated; neurological illnesses and interventions performed that frequently gave rise to negligence claims and the steps that the doctors can take to protect themselves.

Methodology
This is a retrospective records review. The judgments were accessed from https://www.scconline.com/.
Judgment’s body having the words “Medical,” “Negligence,” “neurosurgeon,” “neurosurgery,” etc., were included. Mann Whitney and chi-square test were used as tests of significance.

Results
Thirty-five judgments met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the cases were against neurosurgeons (23, 65%). The doctor’s specialty (neurosurgeon vs neurologist) (p = 0.28) had no bearing on the outcome of the case (doctor winning or losing). Significantly higher compensation was not awarded based on doctor’s specialty (U value = 20.5, p = 0.2). Spondylolisthesis (4, 11.4%) was the most common condition for which a patient was operated on by the neurosurgeon.

Conclusion
We found that the neurosurgeon was more commonly implicated in negligence cases as compared to neurologists. Meningioma and spondylolisthesis were the common Neurological illnesses that gave rise to negligence claims in India.
Neurosurgeons can protect themselves by prompt postsurgical radiological tests when postoperative complications are suspected (Vijay Dutt v. Nagpal) and avoid expediting non-urgent surgeries solely at the request of the patient (Raj Hospital Vs Mahesh Varma).
A novel ViT-BILSTM model for physical activity intensity classification in adults using gravity-based acceleration
Authors: Wang Lin , Luo Zizhang , Zhang Tianle 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study is to apply a novel hybrid framework incorporating a Vision Transformer (ViT) and bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) model for classifying physical activity intensity (PAI) in adults using gravity-based acceleration. Additionally, it further investigates how PAI and temporal window (TW) impacts the model’ s accuracy.

Method
This research used the Capture-24 dataset, consisting of raw accelerometer data from 151 participants aged 18 to 91. Gravity-based acceleration was utilised to generate images encoding various PAIs. These images were subsequently analysed using the ViT-BiLSTM model, with results presented in confusion matrices and compared with baseline models. The model’s robustness was evaluated through temporal stability testing and examination of accuracy and loss curves.

Result
The ViT-BiLSTM model excelled in PAI classification task, achieving an overall accuracy of 98.5% ± 1.48% across five TWs-98.7% for 1s, 98.1% for 5s, 98.2% for 10s, 99% for 15s, and 98.65% for 30s of TW. The model consistently exhibited superior accuracy in predicting sedentary (98.9% ± 1%) compared to light physical activity (98.2% ± 2%) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (98.2% ± 3%). ANOVA showed no significant accuracy variation across PAIs (F = 2.18, p = 0.13) and TW (F = 0.52, p = 0.72). Accuracy and loss curves show the model consistently improves its performance across epochs, demonstrating its excellent robustness.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the ViT-BiLSTM model’s efficacy in classifying PAI using gravity-based acceleration, with performance remaining consistent across diverse TWs and intensities. However, PAI and TW could result in slight variations in the model’s performance. Future research should concern and investigate the impact of gravity-based acceleration on PAI thresholds, which may influence model’s robustness and reliability.
Sorbitol induces flavonoid accumulation as a secondary signal via the nanoencapsulated SPc/lncRNA809-MmNAC17 module against Alternaria alternata in Malus micromalus
Authors: Du Tingting , Meng Dong , Cao Hongyan , Lian Yi , Wu Rui , Liu Tengyue , Wang Tianyi , Qin Cai , Song Zhihua , Dong Biying , Fu Yujie , Yang Qing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sorbitol is an important primary metabolite that serves as both a carbon source and signal to pathogens. The leaf diseases caused by Alternata alternata are particularly serious in crabapple (Malus micromalus). Here, we found that sorbitol can enhance the resistance of crabapple to A. alternata R1 by increasing the content of flavonoid catechin. Nanomaterials as an emerging technology tool can efficiently deliver lncRNA to target cells. Here, we found nanoencapsulated lncRNA809 (SPc/lncRNA809) exhibits significant resistance to R1strain. To elucidate the effect of SPc/lncRNA809 on flavonoids catechin synthesis, we observed the expression of lncRNA809 was consistent with that of MmNAC17 which regulates the synthesis of catechin and both could jointly respond to sorbitol. MmNAC17 induced the accumulation of catechin in vivo by directly activating the expression of catechin synthase genes MmF3H and MmLAR. Correspondingly, overexpression of lncRNA809 significantly upregulated the expression of MmNAC17 and enhanced the disease resistance. This study reveals for the first time that sorbitol positively regulates the expression of MmNAC17 through lncRNA809, promoting the accumulation of catechin via the expression of MmF3H and MmLAR, ultimately improving the defense response of M. micromalus. This research provides a crucial foundation for the establishment and application of sorbitol-based signaling regulatory networks.
Optimization and experimental validation of a high-efficiency oil–water cyclone separator for well testing conditions
Authors: Li Zhimin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The performance of surface oil–water cyclone separators impacts the measurement accuracy of crude oil produced from exploration and appraisal wells, thereby influencing the formulation of exploration and development plans. To obtain the optimal structural configuration for cyclone oil–water separators, this study optimizes the design of a high-efficiency oil–water cyclone separator suitable for special conditions in well testing. A numerical simulation was performed using the discrete phase model to analyze the three-dimensional turbulent swirl field of the oil–water phases within the separator. Separation efficiency and pressure drop were used as evaluation criteria. The Plackett–Burman experimental method was employed to evaluate six factors affecting separation performance, with oil outlet diameter and cyclone chamber cone angle identified as significant factors. Mathematical models for separation efficiency and pressure drop were developed based on these factors. The central composite design method was then applied to investigate the interactive effects of oil outlet diameter and cyclone chamber cone angle on separation efficiency and pressure drop. The optimal parameter combination was determined: oil outlet diameter of 4.241 mm and cyclone chamber cone angle of 9.622°. The predicted separation efficiency was 93.870%, and the predicted pressure drop was 48.287 kPa. Field tests of the optimized cyclone separator verified the rationality of these optimized parameters, achieving a separation efficiency of 92.9%. This research offers a foundation for optimizing the design of oil–water cyclone separators.
Quantitation of Plasma Proteins to Predict Taxane-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Nguyen-Hoang Nam , Liu Yaping , Henry N. Lynn , Pai Manjunath P. , Zhu Hao-Jie , Hertz Daniel L. 
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE
Taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN) is a dose-limiting toxicity of paclitaxel in patients with cancer. TIPN prediction is challenging although patients with higher systemic paclitaxel exposure have higher TIPN risk. This study aimed to identify protein predictors of TIPN and paclitaxel pharmacokinetics (PK).

METHODS

This is a retrospective analysis of a prospective study of females with early-stage breast cancer receiving weekly paclitaxel. TIPN was assessed using the sensory subscale of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN)20 (CIPN8). A blood sample was collected within 10 minutes before the end of the first paclitaxel infusion to measure plasma proteins using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and to estimate maximum systemic paclitaxel concentration (
C
max
). A second sample was collected approximately 24 hours after the first infusion to estimate paclitaxel time above threshold (
T

c
>0.05

). Linear mixed-effect and regression models were used to identify proteins predictive of TIPN and paclitaxel PK parameters, respectively, using a Bonferroni-adjusted α = .0006.

RESULTS

Data from 36 participants were included in the analysis testing associations of 83 proteins with TIPN or PK. Higher levels of complement C3 were associated with more severe TIPN trajectories (
P
= .0002). No proteins were associated with either
C
max
or
T

c
>0.05

(all
P
> .0006).

CONCLUSION
Complement C3 concentration at the end of initial paclitaxel infusion may be useful for identifying patients with breast cancer and potentially other tumor types who could benefit from TIPN prevention strategies to improve long-term treatment outcomes.
Preoperative Psychological Factors, Postoperative Pain Scores, and Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms After Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Sadacharam Kesavan , Uhl Kristen , Kelleher Stephen , Ungar Galit Kastner , Staffa Steven , Cravero Joseph , Bradley James , Milewski Matthew D. , Lau Brian , Muhly Wallis T. ,   on behalf of SPAIN-ACL Investigators
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Acute orthopedic injuries and subsequent surgical repair can be challenging for children and adolescents and result in posttraumatic stress reactions that can be problematic after the acute perioperative period. In a cohort of patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), we investigated the incidence and explored risk factors associated with the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms after surgery.

METHODS:
We analyzed data from a multicenter, prospective, observational registry of pediatric patients undergoing ACLR. Patient data included demographic, psychological assessments, postoperative pain measures, and a posttraumatic stress disorder assessment (Child PTSD Symptom Scale [CPSS]) collected after the operation. An analysis of patients who provided survey data at 6 months was used to determine the incidence of posttraumatic stress reactions and to explore associated risk factors.

RESULTS:
A total of 519 patients were enrolled in a prospective observational study of outcomes after ACLR. A cohort of 226 patients (44%) provided completed data collection and CPSS follow-up surveys at 6 months. We found that 17 of the patients (7.5%) met the criteria for PTSD at 6 months which represents 3.3% of our total study population (17/519). A univariate analysis suggested that a negative (P = .017), excitable (P = .039), or inhibitory (P = .043) temperament compared to a positive temperament, high preoperative scores for anxiety (P = .001) or depression (P = .019) and high pain scores on postoperative day (POD)1 (P = .02) increased the odds of PTSD at 6 months. A multivariable model revealed that patients self-reporting symptoms consistent with clinical anxiety/depression preoperatively and patients with a max pain score ≥7 on POD1 were 29 times (P = .018) and 9.8 times (P = .018) more likely to develop PTSD at 6 months.

CONCLUSIONS:
A portion of patients undergoing ACLR are at risk for the development of symptoms consistent with PTSD. Risk factors include preoperative anxiety or depression and high postoperative pain scores. Interventions designed to address preoperative risk factors and optimization of postoperative pain may represent opportunities to improve outcomes in this patient population.
The Childbearing of Immigrants Who Arrived as Children: Understanding the Role of Age at Arrival for Women and Men
Authors: Wilson Ben 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
It is well-known that childbearing is associated with age at migration, but most research has focused on foreign-born women who migrated as adults. Much less is known about male immigrants or immigrants who arrived as children, despite the importance of studying these groups to understand theories of adaptation and socialization. This study addresses these gaps with a case study of Sweden, using longitudinal whole-population data to analyze the role of age at arrival in determining childbearing. The results suggest that age at arrival affects fertility across the childbearing life course, although there is little evidence of critical ages at arrival. These results hold for women and men, particularly for immigrants from higher fertility origins, with more ambiguous results for immigrants from lower fertility origins. The main findings also persist after examining sources of selection and reverse causality using sex-specific family fixed-effects models and separate analyses for specific countries of birth. Therefore, the study provides evidence of an underlying process of childhood socialization, followed by adaptation, that is common for women and men who migrate. Theoretical implications are discussed, including the need for further work on the determinants and mechanisms of adaptation.
Retention or Acquisition? Behavior-Based Quality Disclosure
Authors: Zhang Jianqiang , Li Krista J. 
Published: January 2025

Firms frequently extend their brand by introducing products in new categories and offering free samples or demonstrations for customers to learn about the quality of the new products before purchasing. When introducing new products based on customers’ purchase behavior in the former category, firms face two customer segments: their own customers and the competitor’s customers. Firms can practice behavior-based pricing (BBP) by charging different prices in the two segments. Moreover, firms can practice behavior-based quality disclosure (BBD) by disclosing quality information to the two customer segments differently. In this paper, we examine how firms practice BBD in addition to BBP. We find that in contrast to the acquisition-focused BBP, firms perform retention-focused BBD by increasing quality disclosure to their own customers and decreasing it to the competitor’s customers. Unlike BBP, which decreases second-period profit and increases first-period profit, BBD increases second-period profit but decreases first-period profit when the disclosure cost is low. We also show that when firms endogenously choose BBD, the equilibrium is a prisoner’s dilemma when the disclosure cost is low and a win-win outcome when the disclosure cost is high. This paper was accepted by Raphael Thomadsen, marketing. Funding: This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72171103] and the Blanche “Peg” Philpott Professorship. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01081 .
Developing Effective Protocols to Protect Farmworkers from Heat Stress and Illness While Working in Polytunnels
Authors: Kaser Isabella , Valdes-Berriz Maripaula , Schilder Annemiek C. , McGuire Maureen , Carpenter Catherine , Brokaw Ellen , Dimock Michael , Solomon Gina M. 
Published: January 2025

HighlightsFarmworkers are at high risk of heat-related illness, especially those working in polytunnels.There is a gap in knowledge regarding working conditions inside polytunnels.Polytunnels are prevalent in California’s Central Coast region.Recommendations to reduce the risk of heat-related illness among workers in polytunnels were formulated.Abstract. Polytunnels—also known as hoop houses—are used worldwide to grow certain crops year-round, primarily to protect plants from precipitation and cool temperatures. Farmworkers may be at increased risk in polytunnels due to higher temperatures and relative humidity. In the Central Coast region of California, polytunnels are commonly used to grow berries and other crops, but information on measures used to reduce heat stress in farmworkers working in polytunnels or how many workers are potentially exposed to these conditions is scarce. The purpose of this study was to: (1) estimate the area under polytunnels and the number of workers in them in California’s Central Coast region; (2) assess current practices to manage heat and protect workers in polytunnels; and (3) use this information to develop proposed best practices for protecting farmworkers in polytunnels. Using satellite imagery and crop production records, the area under polytunnels in the region was estimated at 5,162 ha with a conservatively estimated 46,000 farmworkers. Through key informant interviews, we found that farms are generally following OSHA worker safety regulations. However, additional measures may be needed to protect workers because environmental conditions inside polytunnels are variable and difficult to predict. For instance, wet bulb globe temperature would be a more accurate measure of heat stress risk than temperature alone. We propose recommendations that follow the hierarchy of controls to reduce the risk of heat-related illness among workers inside these structures. Keywords: Keywords.,Agricultural health and safety, Farmworker health, Heat illness prevention recommendations, Hoop houses, Polytunnels.
The π phase in polarization optics: retrospective
Authors: Arteaga Oriol , Bosch Salvador 
Published: January 2025

This paper analyzes the π phase in polarization optics, tracing its origins to Fresnel’s foundational contributions. In optical experiments involving polarized light, this phase can be interpreted as an indeterminacy arising in two principal forms: (1) as a π phase shift affecting only one polarization component, often dictated by convention based on the choice of the coordinate system (e.g., in defining handedness for circularly polarized light), and (2) as a geometric phase that equally influences both polarization components. Unlike the convention-dependent π-phase, the geometric phase cannot be directly measured using standard polarization techniques and instead emerges through interference effects. Using the Mueller and Jones matrix formalisms, this retrospective study examines the mathematical basis of these phase shifts and their implications in modern optical systems. The analysis underscores the importance of π phases in Fresnel’s original work and their relevance to contemporary polarization optics, linking historical concepts to current technological applications.
Lithium niobate modulator from room temperature to cryogenic conditions
Authors: Chang Chang , Hou Xiaoyu , Huang Weixiong , Zhang Aoxue , Sun Yuhan , Li Haolan , Shen Li , Xu Xiaochuan , Zou Yi 
Published: January 2025

Electro-optical (EO) modulators with lithium niobate waveguide are essential components in modern communication systems and quantum photonic applications. With the advancement of cryogenic photonic integrated circuits, they have become critical for cryogenic photonic readout, enabling massive data transfer from superconducting electronics to room temperature environments. Here, we demonstrate an integrated modulator based on a thin-film lithium niobate platform. The designed modulator achieves a tuning efficiency (
V

π

·
L
) of 3.84 V·cm at room temperature. To investigate the relationship between half-wave voltage and temperature, we gradually reduce the temperature and observe a 70% increase in
V

π

at 8 K. Additionally, we report on the photorefractive effect at different temperatures. High-speed data transmission is successfully demonstrated at 8.5 K, showing the modulator’s capability to operate across a wide temperature range, from room temperature to cryogenic conditions.
O Reino de Portugal em 1527 - Volume I: Os contratos das sisas Contexto histórico e corpo documental
Authors: Gomes Saul António 
Published: January 2025

Oferece-se ao leitor, com a presente obra, a edição e contextualização histórica de 232 contratos de venda das sisas realizados, no entorno do ano de 1527, pela Coroa com uma boa parte dos municípios portugueses. Esta documentação ocupa oito grandes tombos de uma série específica da chancelaria do rei D. João III, investimento arquivístico muito significativo na constituição de um corpo documental assaz relevante, nomeadamente pelos custos e meios envolvidos, o qual denuncia o reconhecimento, por parte da Coroa, da importância da decisão política, tomada nas Cortes de Torres Novas, de 1525, de se proceder à transferência, sob a forma de contratos de venda, para os municípios do reino, da obrigação da cobrança das rendas das sisas de cada concelho. O interesse do estudo destes contratos de 1527 e anos subsequentes imediatos, até hoje, praticamente ignorados pela historiografia portuguesa ou só muito superficial e indiretamente aflorados, e da sua publicação, extravasa uma dimensão meramente local, descortinando-se, pela análise dos dados contidos nos contratos de venda, aspetos pertinentes à vida fiscal e económica do país naquele tempo, à sua população, povoamento, sociedade e formas de exercícios dos poderes locais na sua interseção com o poder régio central. É esta visão global do país, que a documentação em causa consente, que justifica a pertinência deste livro.
O Reino de Portugal em 1527 - Volume II: Os contratos das sisas Contexto histórico e corpo documental
Authors: Gomes Saul António 
Published: January 2025

Oferece-se ao leitor, com a presente obra, a edição e contextualização histórica de 232 contratos de venda das sisas realizados, no entorno do ano de 1527, pela Coroa com uma boa parte dos municípios portugueses. Esta documentação ocupa oito grandes tombos de uma série específica da chancelaria do rei D. João III, investimento arquivístico muito significativo na constituição de um corpo documental assaz relevante, nomeadamente pelos custos e meios envolvidos, o qual denuncia o reconhecimento, por parte da Coroa, da importância da decisão política, tomada nas Cortes de Torres Novas, de 1525, de se proceder à transferência, sob a forma de contratos de venda, para os municípios do reino, da obrigação da cobrança das rendas das sisas de cada concelho. O interesse do estudo destes contratos de 1527 e anos subsequentes imediatos, até hoje, praticamente ignorados pela historiografia portuguesa ou só muito superficial e indiretamente aflorados, e da sua publicação, extravasa uma dimensão meramente local, descortinando-se, pela análise dos dados contidos nos contratos de venda, aspetos pertinentes à vida fiscal e económica do país naquele tempo, à sua população, povoamento, sociedade e formas de exercícios dos poderes locais na sua interseção com o poder régio central. É esta visão global do país, que a documentação em causa consente, que justifica a pertinência deste livro.