bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GPU‐based intrinsic collision detection for deformable surfaces
Authors: Wong Wingo Sai‐Keung , Baciu George 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAn intrinsic collision detection unit (ICDU) forms the bottom‐most layer of a collision detection pipeline. The ICDU performs collision detection and computes collision information for primitive feature pairs of objects in a 3D dynamic environment. A significant amount of time can be spent by the ICDU during the collision detection process. In this paper, we extend the ICDU framework to take advantages of the computational power of programmable graphics processors (GPUs). Some components of the ICDU framework consist of time demanding and fine‐grained tasks that can be implemented on GPUs. By employing the framework, collision information can be computed accurately, robustly, and efficiently. Experimental results show that the proposed method greatly improves the performance of the ICDU. A collection buffer is proposed for the future enhancement of GPU‐based collision detectors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deferred shadowing for real‐time rendering of dynamic scenes under environment illumination
Authors: Tamura Naoki , Johan Henry , Nishita Tomoyuki 
Published: September 2005

AbstractEnvironment illumination, which is a complex and distant lighting environment represented by images, is often applied to create photo‐realistic images. However, creating photo‐realistic animations under environment illumination is exceedingly compute intensive. The Precomputed Radiance Transfer (PRT) methods achieve real‐time rendering under environment illumination; however, these methods only have a limited application in animation because the objects in the scene cannot be moved or rotated. In this paper, we propose a method for rendering photo‐realistic animations of dynamic scenes under environment illumination in real time. We notice the fact that when objects are moved or rotated, changes of radiances occur mainly in the regions of shadows cast by other objects. Our method makes a distinction between self‐shadow and shadows cast by other objects and computes these two kinds of shadows efficiently. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implicit midpoint integration and adaptive damping for efficient cloth simulation
Authors: Volino Pascal , Magnenat‐Thalmann Nadia 
Published: September 2005

AbstractImplicit integration methods have contributed to large performance enhancements in the field of simulation of particle‐system mechanical models. While Backward Euler and BDF‐2 methods are now widely used for cloth simulation applications, the Implicit Midpoint method is often overlooked, because of its poor stability properties. It is however as simple to implement as Backward Euler, and offers significantly better accuracy and even shorter computation times. Starting with a study of the stability properties of these integration methods, we will find out how moderate viscous damping may efficiently restore stability of Implicit Midpoint integration method. An extension is also proposed for BDF‐2 methods. Comparative examples demonstrate the benefits of this approach. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Animating smoke with dynamic balance
Authors: Hong Jin‐Kyung , Kim Chang‐Hun 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe propose a numerical method for maintaining a dynamic rolling motion of animated gaseous phenomena, such as smoke, that avoids dissipation due to numerical error. We compensate for the errors induced by a semi‐Lagrangian scheme using an error estimate for each time interval. We develop a new advection term and perform vortex advection based on a vorticity confinement force. Example simulations show that this method is able to keep smoke features alive, even near the center of a vortex. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TiO2 Nanoparticles in Mesoporous TUD‐1: Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Performance in Propane Oxidation
Authors: Hamdy Mohamed S. , Berg Otto , Jansen Jacobus C. , Maschmeyer Thomas , Moulijn Jacob A. , Mul Guido 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA series of TiO2‐TUD‐1 samples was synthesized with a variable Ti loading in the range Si/Ti=100, 20, 2.5, and 1.6, by using a one‐pot surfactant‐free procedure. The materials obtained were characterized by elemental analysis; X‐ray diffraction (XRD); N2 sorption measurements; high‐resolution TEM (HR‐TEM); 29Si NMR, UV‐visible and Raman spectroscopy. As a function of increasing metal loading either isolated Ti atoms, or (above a Ti loading of ∼2.5 wt‐ %) combinations of isolated Ti atoms and anatase (TiO2) nanoparticles were obtained; both were incorporated in the highly porous siliceous matrix. The photocatalytic performance of these materials was tested by studying the propane oxidation process following irradiation at λ=365 nm, selectively activating the anatase nanoparticles. In comparison to commercial anatase powder, TiO2 nanoparticles in TUD‐1 showed high photochemical selectivity towards acetone, the sample with a Si/Ti ratio of 1.6 being the most selective. Size and confinement effects are consistent with the difference in performance of the TUD‐1 materials and TiO2, limiting the number of electron transfers available for each propane molecule.
A Phase I study of concurrent RMP‐7 and carboplatin with radiation therapy for children with newly diagnosed brainstem gliomas
Authors: Packer Roger J. , Krailo Mark , Mehta Minesh , Warren Katherine , Allen Jeffrey , Jakacki Regina , Villablanca Judith G. , Chiba Akiko , Reaman Gregory 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDNinety percent of children with diffuse, intrinsic brainstem tumors will die within 18 months of diagnosis. Radiotherapy is of transient benefit to these children, and a potential way to improve its efficacy is to add radiosensitizers. Carboplatin is antineoplastic and radiosensitizing; however, its delivery to the primary tumor site is problematic. RMP‐7 is a bradykinin analog that causes selective permeability of the blood‐brain‐tumor interface. The objective of this Phase I study was to determine the toxicity and feasibility of delivering RMP‐7 and carboplatin for 5 successive days during radiotherapy to children with newly diagnosed, diffuse, intrinsic brainstem gliomas.METHODSRMP‐7 was given prior to the end of carboplatin infusion. Local radiotherapy, in dose fractions of 180 centigrays (cGy) per day (to a total dose of 5940 cGy), was given within 4 hours of completion of drug delivery. Duration of treatment was escalated in a stepwise, weekly fashion in cohorts of 3 patients, until there was treatment‐limiting toxicity or until radiotherapy was completed. Thirteen patients were treated, and their median age was 7 years (age range, 3–12 yrs).RESULTSOne child died early during treatment of progressive disease and was not assessable for toxicity. Treatment for 3 weeks, 4 weeks, and 5 weeks was tolerated well, with mild flushing, tachycardia, nausea, emesis, dizziness, and abdominal pain. One of 3 children treated at the full duration of therapy (33 doses over 7 weeks) developed dose‐limiting hepatotoxicity and neutropenia. The estimated median survival was 328 days, and 1 patient remained free of disease progression for > 400 days after the initiation of treatment.CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study confirmed the feasibility of giving RMP‐7 and carboplatin daily during radiotherapy to children with brainstem tumors. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
View factor calculation using the Monte Carlo method and numerical sensitivity
Authors: Vujičić M. R. , Lavery N. P. , Brown S. G. R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe geometrical view (configuration) factor plays a crucial role in radiative heat transfer simulations and several methods, such as integration, the Monte Carlo and the hemi‐cube method have been introduced to calculate view factors in recent years. In this paper the Monte Carlo method combined with the finite element (FE) technique is investigated. Results describing the relationships between different discretization schemes, number of rays used for the view factor calculation, CPU time and accuracy are presented. The interesting case where reduced accuracy is obtained with increased refinement of FE mesh is discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Static reanalysis of structures with added degrees of freedom
Authors: Wu Baisheng , Li Zhengguang 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper deals with static reanalysis of a structure with added degrees of freedom where the nodes of the original structure form a subset of the nodes of the modified structure. A preconditioned conjugate‐gradient approach is developed. The preconditioner is constructed, and the implementation of the approach involves only decomposition of the stiffness matrix corresponding to the newly added degrees of freedom. In particular, the approach can adaptively monitor the accuracy of approximate solutions. The approach is applicable to the reanalysis of the structural layout modifications for the case of addition of some nodes, deletion and addition of elements and further changes in the geometry as well as to the local mesh refinements. Numerical examples show that the condition number of the selected preconditioned matrix is largely reduced. Therefore, the fast convergence and accurate results can be achieved by the approach. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An algorithm for incorporation of frictional sliding conditions within a steady state rolling framework
Authors: Laursen Tod A. , Stanciulescu Ilinca 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA formulation for hyperelastic steady state rolling calculations is presented, focusing on the inclusion of frictional sliding conditions between a rolling tyre and a flat roadway. Algorithmically, it is seen that traditional return mapping algorithmic strategies for treatment of the friction are often ineffective for this problem even when well‐posed frictional solutions exist; accordingly, an algorithmic approach utilizing a global stick predictor is proposed to recover solutions to the sliding contact problem. Numerical examples for adherent and sliding contact cases are presented, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach advocated. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lactone Kinetic Resolution by Acylation – Application to the Enantioselective Synthesis of Estrane Derivatives
Authors: Wilmouth Serge , Durand Anne‐Catherine , Goretta Sarah , Ravel Christophe , Moraleda Delphine , Giorgi Michel , Pellissier Hélène , Santelli Maurice 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe acylation of an excess of racemic spirolactone 1 (6,9‐divinyl‐1‐oxaspiro[4.4]nonan‐2‐one) enolate by protected methyl (S)‐lactate or (–)‐bornyl carbonate occurs with a kinetic resolution. The resulting lactones were alkylated with 1‐iodobenzocyclobutenes to afford compounds that serve as precursors to nonracemic steroids such as 11α‐alkyloxycarbonyl‐11β,13β‐(γ‐carbolactone)‐17β‐vinylgonatri‐1,3,5(10)‐enes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Aerobic Photooxidation in Water by Polyoxotungstates: The Case of Uracil
Authors: Bonchio Marcella , Carraro Mauro , Conte Valeria , Scorrano Gianfranco 
Published: September 2005

AbstractUracil photooxygenation occurs in acidic water (pH = 1) at 25 °C, under oxygen (1 atm), irradiating with λ > 300 nm in the presence of selected polyoxometalates (POM). A marked diversity of photocatalytic behavior is registered for different POMs in terms of oxidation rate and selectivity. H3PW12O40 (PW12) appears to be the most reactive photocatalyst, by far superior to isostructural complexes, leading to a product distribution typical of OH· dominated oxidations, while Na4W10O32 (W10) and Na12[WZn3(H2O)2(ZnW9O34)2] (Zn5W19) exhibit a preferential reactivity towards uracil glycol. Kinetic studies and radical scavenger probes, performed on target intermediates and model diols, highlight a substantial difference in the mechanism of photocatalysis by the three complexes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Barchan ripples under unidirectional water flows in the laboratory: formation and planar morphology
Authors: Endo Noritaka , Sunamura Tsuguo , Takimoto Hiroshi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe purpose of the present study is to investigate the formation and planar shape of barchan ripples generated by laboratory unidirectional water currents and to compare the morphology with that of barchans formed by laboratory waves and flows in natural environments. A thin veneer of sand as a sediment source was placed initially at the upstream part of a recirculating flume and the change in bed configurations by the flow was recorded by a video camera. Two types of formative process were observed: one was that barchan ripples grew from barchanoid bedforms and the other was that they developed from a small aggregate of sand particles. The barchan ripples in the present test had the same characteristics in the height–width relation and in the migration speed as previously reported from the desert environment and wave‐flume studies. An examination of the planar shape of the barchans led to the result that the barchan ripples had larger values of body‐length/width, compared with those of barchans formed by water waves in the laboratory and by airflow in natural deserts. The horn‐length/width of the barchan ripples was smaller than that of barchan dunes in deserts but larger than that of barchans in oscillatory laboratory flows. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An energy momentum conserving algorithm using the variational formulation of visco‐plastic updates
Authors: Noels L. , Stainier L. , Ponthot J.‐P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this paper we use the variational formulation of elasto‐plastic updates proposed by Ortiz and Stainier (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 1999; 171:419– 444) in the context of consistent time integration schemes. We show that such a formulation is well suited to obtain a general expression of energy momentum conserving algorithms. Moreover, we present numerical examples that illustrate the efficiency of our developments. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local government and the governance of metropolitan areas in Latin America
Authors: Rodriguez‐Acosta Cristina A. , Rosenbaum Allan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTwo of the most important trends occurring in Latin America and the Caribbean during the past quarter century have been rapid urbanisation and government decentralisation. With approximately 75% of its 520 million inhabitants living in urban areas, the region has seen the emergence of such mega‐cities as Buenos Aires, Lima, Mexico City and Sao Paulo. At the same time, the region, partly on its own and partly prodded by international organisations and donors, has been struggling with the issue of decentralising its historically highly centralised national governments and strengthening its traditionally very weak and highly dependent local governments. In this article, the authors examine local governance structures in several major urban areas of Latin America in order to understand how these two sometimes highly contradictory developments are impacting upon the governance of metropolitan areas and the resolution of the major problems facing them. Particular attention is paid to emerging cooperative arrangements that may in the future help to address significant metropolitan area issues. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metropolitan governance and urban poverty
Authors: Devas Nick 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn the design of urban governance structures, there is an inherent tension between ‘scale’ and ‘voice’. Both aspects are important considerations if city government is to address the needs of the poor. Metropolitan‐scale government offers the potential for resources (notably finance but also land, natural resources and skills) to be mobilised from across the city to provide services and infrastructure for all, including the poor. But the metropolitan scale can also mean remoteness of decision‐makers from citizens and hence a weakened citizen ‘voice’, especially of the poor. This article explores this tension, using material from recent research on urban governance and poverty in ten cities of Asia, Africa and Latin America. The analysis covers issues of jurisdiction boundaries, responsibilities for services and infrastructure, resource bases and mobilisation, performance in service delivery and access to services, political representation and accountability and mechanisms of citizen participation. The conclusion is that the tension between scale and voice may be best addressed by a two‐tier or multi‐tier structure involving both a very local level, with statutory rights and a share of resources, accessible and accountable to the poor, together with an upper level, also democratically accountable, covering the whole metropolitan area. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A proprietary extract from the echinacea plant (Echinacea purpurea) enhances systemic immune response during a common cold
Authors: Goel Vinti , Lovlin Ray , Chang Chuck , Slama Jan V. , Barton Richard , Gahler Roland , Bauer R. , Goonewardene L. , Basu Tapan K. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn a previous paper, it was reported that Echinilin™ (Factors R & D Technologies, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada) a formulation prepared from freshly harvested Echinacea purpurea plants and standardized on the basis of three known active components (alkamides, cichoric acid and polysaccharides) is effective for the treatment of a naturally acquired common cold. However, the mechanism by which this effect is achieved remains unknown. In the present study, Echinilin™ or placebo were administered to volunteers at the onset of their cold for a period of 7 days, with eight doses (5 mL/dose) on day 1 and three doses on subsequent days. Fasting blood samples were obtained before and during their colds. The decrease in total daily symptomatic score was more evident in the echinacea group than in the placebo group. These effects of echinacea were associated with a significant and sustained increase in the number of circulating total white blood cells, monocytes, neutrophils and NK cells. In the later part of the cold, the echinacea treatment suppressed the cold‐related increase in superoxide production by the neutrophils. These results suggest that Echinilin™, by enhancing the non‐specific immune response and eliciting free radical scavenging properties, may have led to a faster resolution of the cold symptoms. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiinflammatory, analgesic and antiperoxidative efficacy of Barleria lupulina Lindl. extract
Authors: Suba V. , Murugesan T. , Kumaravelrajan R. , Mandal Subash C. , Saha B. P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA study was undertaken to investigate the antiinflammatory efficacy of methanol extract of aerial parts of Barleria lupulina Lindl. [MEBL] (Family: Acanthaceae) in acute and sub‐acute inflammation models of albino rats. The MEBL in all the tested dose levels exhibited significant inhibition of carrageenin and serotonin induced paw oedema volumes when compared with the untreated (control) group. The MEBL also exerted a significant reduction in granuloma weight in the cotton pellet induced granuloma model. These potentials were comparable to that of the standard drug (indomethacin). The plant extract was also tested for its analgesic, ulcerogenic and antiperoxidative potential. The extract also demonstrated protection against CCl4 induced lipid peroxidation and acetic acid induced writhing. Acute administration of MEBL (300 mg/kg) did not produce any gastric lesion in rats. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concurrent software verification with states, events, and deadlocks
Authors: Chaki Sagar , Clarke Edmund , Ouaknine Joël , Sharygina Natasha , Sinha Nishant 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe present a framework for model checking concurrent software systems which incorporates both states and events. Contrary to other state/event approaches, our work also integrates two powerful verification techniques, counterexample-guided abstraction refinement and compositional reasoning. Our specification language is a state/event extension of linear temporal logic, and allows us to express many properties of software in a concise and intuitive manner. We show how standard automata-theoretic LTL model checking algorithms can be ported to our framework at no extra cost, enabling us to directly benefit from the large body of research on efficient LTL verification.We also present an algorithm to detect deadlocks in concurrent message-passing programs. Deadlock- freedom is not only an important and desirable property in its own right, but is also a prerequisite for the soundness of our model checking algorithm. Even though deadlock is inherently non-compositional and is not preserved by classical abstractions, our iterative algorithm employs both (non-standard) abstractions and compositional reasoning to alleviate the state-space explosion problem. The resulting framework differs in key respects from other instances of the counterexample-guided abstraction refinement paradigm found in the literature.We have implemented this work in the magic verification tool for concurrent C programs and performed tests on a broad set of benchmarks. Our experiments show that this new approach not only eases the writing of specifications, but also yields important gains both in space and in time during verification. In certain cases, we even encountered specifications that could not be verified using traditional pure event-based or state-based approaches, but became tractable within our state/event framework. We also recorded substantial reductions in time and memory consumption when performing deadlock-freedom checks with our new abstractions. Finally, we report two bugs (including a deadlock) in the source code of Micro-C/OS versions 2.0 and 2.7, which we discovered during our experiments.
A Cadaver Study of the Effects of Dorsal Angulation and Shortening of the Metacarpal Shaft on the Extension and Flexion Force Ratios of the Index and Little Fingers
Authors: LOW C. K. , WONG H. C. , LOW Y. P. , WONG H. P. 
Published: September 2005

Two experiments were performed on the second and fifth metacarpals of five normal cadaver hands. The forces obtained on full extension and flexion of the digits were measured. An oblique osteotomy was performed on the shaft of the metacarpal and fixed with dorsal angulation. The forces obtained on extension and flexion of the digits were measured. The relationships between the changes in force and the angle were analyzed. Flexion force decreased and extension force increased as the dorsal angulation increased, and these were significant beyond 30° of dorsal angulation. The differences between index and little fingers were not significant. In the second experiment, the metacarpal bone was shortened at the osteotomy site, and the same measurements made. Flexion and extension forces both decreased, and were significant beyond 3 mm of shortening. The differences between index and little fingers were not significant.
Reconstruction of the Flexor Tendon Sheath
Authors: OEI T. S. , KLOPPER P. J. , SPAAS J. A. J. , BUMA P. 
Published: September 2005

The role of the tendon sheath in flexor tendon healing was investigated in rabbits. Tendon sheath was reconstructed with syngeneic parietal peritoneum or a non-tanned processed porcine collagen membrane. Resection of the tendon sheath led to adhesions. Reconstruction of the sheath with either graft resulted in a synovial–like lining, resembling a neo-tendon sheath. Even when combined with tendon repair a neo-tendon sheath was seen after reconstruction with both grafts, without adhesions. Subcutaneously implanted processed porcine collagen membrane was completely resorbed in less than 3 months.