bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Bioactive Ingredients from Medicine Food Homology Species in the Regulation of Chronic Gastritis
Authors: Danxi Yan , Likai Zhuang , Bohui Deng , Xiaorou Qiu , Ziyun Zeng , Yuxuan Zhang , Jieshu You 
Published: January 2025

Backgrouds Chronic gastritis is a chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa caused by various etiologies. Many studies in recent years have shown that certain Chinese medicines and their bioactive components possess potential therapeutic effects on chronic gastritis. Methods This review focused on promising medicine food homology species used in China for the prevention and management of chronic gastritis, and their bioactive ingredients and underlying mechanisms were summarized and discussed. Results Finally, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids and polysaccharides were found to be effective in preventing and/ or managing chronic gastritis by combating Helicobacter pylori infection, reducing the inflammatory response and gastric mucosal irritation, and regulating the intestinal microbiota. Conclusions The review is valuable to future studies and the development of medicine food homology species for the management of chronic gastritis.
Systematic optimization and evaluation of a Dutch sexual health intervention: Role model stories for chlamydia prevention, testing, and treatment
Authors: Metz Gido , Thielmann Rosa RLC , Roosjen Hanneke , Stutterheim Sarah E. , Crutzen Rik 
Published: January 2025

Background The rapidly evolving nature of eHealth necessitates regular optimization and subsequent evaluation. Within the Dutch sexual health intervention Sense.info, we utilized a mixed-methods cyclic evaluation process to assess and optimize the potential impact of the chlamydia page. This paper reports on the page's optimization through the development of role model stories for chlamydia prevention and the subsequent evaluation of these stories. Method The experiences of 10 young individuals served as the basis of role model stories using the behavior change principle modeling based on social cognitive theory. These stories aimed to motivate young individuals to undergo sexually transmitted infection testing, use condoms, and notify sexual partners. Once the stories were posted online, we tracked use data between July and September 2022 and investigated end-user perspectives through a think-aloud study combined with semistructured interviews ( N = 20, Mage = 19.7, SDage = 2.65). Template analyses were used for the analysis of the think-aloud study. Results Use data revealed that all stories were accessed by website visitors, yet other page elements on the chlamydia page interacted with more. The exploration of end-user perspectives indicated a positive impact of the personal stories on normalization, self-efficacy, and skills related to chlamydia preventive behaviors. Mixed results were found regarding some conditions for the effectiveness of the behavior change principle modeling. Discussion and conclusion This study provided valuable insights into the cyclic evaluation process for evaluating and optimizing web-based public health interventions, as well as the potential impact of role model stories on sexual health prevention. Also, aspects of the stories that could be optimized in future optimization rounds were identified. Overall, this research contributes to enhancing the impact of eHealth interventions through iterative evaluation and optimization processes.
Development and implementation of a digiphysical screening model with nationwide reach to diagnose familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Littmann Karin , Kindborg Gustav , Lidin Matthias , Mellbin Linda , Hogling Daniel Eriksson , Brinck Jonas 
Published: January 2025

Background Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a hereditary dyslipidemia that confers a severely elevated risk for development of early atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease if left untreated. FH is underdiagnosed in most countries including Sweden. Aim To develop and evaluate the implementation of a digiphysical screening model to diagnose FH in the clinical routine. Methods A digiphysical screening model for FH, containing digital and physical related activities was developed and fully implemented in routine clinical care in the Stockholm region, Sweden 2022. The centerpiece of the model is a tailormade interactive web-based platform designed to facilitate communication and secure medical information exchange between its participants and the healthcare professionals. The screening model includes, (i) cascade screening of relatives to patients with a confirmed FH diagnosis and (ii) systematic selective screening of patients with established atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Results Until October 2023, 338 index patients were included in the cascade screening. They invited 954 relatives nationwide, 616 (64.6%) accepted participation, 346 (36.3%) were completely screened, and 141 (14.8%) have received a FH diagnosis (40.8% of all completely screened). Selective screening was performed in 2867 patients with coronary artery disease, 355 (12.4%) were identified with increased risk for FH and underwent a genetic test. Of these, 153 (3.8%) had a genetic test result and 52 (1.8%) were diagnosed with FH. Conclusions A digiphysical screening model with a nationwide reach to diagnose FH was successfully implemented in routine clinical care. The model has potential to facilitate FH screening and provide health economic benefits long term.
Comparing the performance of ChatGPT and ERNIE Bot in answering questions regarding liver cancer interventional radiology in Chinese and English contexts: A comparative study
Authors: Yuan Xue-ting , Shao Chen-ye , Zhang Zhen-zhen , Qian Duo 
Published: January 2025

Introduction This study aims to critically assess the appropriateness and limitations of two prominent large language models (LLMs), enhanced representation through knowledge integration (ERNIE Bot) and chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT), in answering questions about liver cancer interventional radiology. Through a comparative analysis, the performance of these models will be evaluated based on their responses to questions about transarterial chemoembolization and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in both English and Chinese contexts. Methods A total of 38 questions were developed to cover a range of topics related to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC), including foundational knowledge, patient education, and treatment and care. The responses generated by ERNIE Bot and ChatGPT were rigorously evaluated by 10 professionals in liver cancer interventional radiology. The final score was determined by one seasoned clinical expert. Each response was rated on a five-point Likert scale, facilitating a quantitative analysis of the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the information provided by each language model. Results ERNIE Bot is superior to ChatGPT in the Chinese context (ERNIE Bot: 5, 89.47%; 4, 10.53%; 3, 0%; 2, 0%; 1, 0% vs ChatGPT: 5, 57.89%; 4, 5.27%; 3, 34.21%; 2, 2.63%; 1, 0%; P = 0.001). However, ChatGPT outperformed ERNIE Bot in the English context (ERNIE Bot: 5, 73.68%; 4, 2.63%; 3, 13.16; 2, 10.53%；1, 0% vs ChatGPT: 5, 92.11%; 4, 2.63%; 3, 5.26%; 2, 0%; 1, 0%; P = 0.026). Conclusions This study preliminarily demonstrated that ERNIE Bot and ChatGPT effectively address questions related to liver cancer interventional radiology. However, their performance varied by language: ChatGPT excelled in English contexts, while ERNIE Bot performed better in Chinese. We found that choosing the appropriate LLMs is beneficial for patients in obtaining more accurate treatment information. Both models require manual review to ensure accuracy and reliability in practical use.
Risk and Causative Factors of Psychological Harm Among Construction Workers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rahman Azizur , Leifels Katrin , Adakporia Kennedy Osakwe 
Published: January 2025

Background: The construction industry, known for its high-risk environment, increasingly acknowledges the psychological risks to workers. Despite well-documented physical hazards, mental health challenges within this workforce have garnered attention. This systematic review provides a scholarly synthesis of literature on psychological risks and their causative factors affecting construction workers, adhering to PRISMA protocols. Methods: An exhaustive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar using relevant keywords. Rigorous screening of selected studies focused on the psychological aspects of construction work, with systematic data extraction and analysis. Findings: From 1992 to 2022, 68 studies met inclusion criteria, identifying key psychological harm factors: job insecurity, long working hours, high demands, poor work-life balance, and workplace bullying. A lack of mental health support and awareness in the sector was noted, with a significant correlation between these factors and increased stress, anxiety, and depression levels among workers. Conclusions: The review highlights the urgent need for industry recognition of psychological hazards and the relationship between work conditions and mental health issues. It calls for supportive policies, awareness programs, and counseling services, with a suggestion for future longitudinal research on the long-term impacts and intervention efficacy. Application to Practice: This study provides an overview of psychological risks in the construction sector from 1994 to 2022, aiming to identify causative factors for mental health issues. It seeks to pave the way for targeted interventions and policy changes to improve mental health outcomes in the industry.
A Cross-Sectional Examination of Missed Infection Control Practices Among Nurses in the Jordanian Hospitals
Authors: Alshyyab Muhammad Ahmed , Albsoul Rania Ali , FitzGerald Gerard , Arabiat Diana 
Published: January 2025

Background: Missed infection control practices may negatively impact quality healthcare and patient safety in acute health care settings. Hence, more research is urgently needed especially in Arab countries. To investigate the elements and reasons of missed infection control activities among nurses in Jordan. The sociodemographic correlates with missed infection control activities were also examined. Methods: A cross sectional design was utilized in this study. A convenience sample of 960 nurses from seven hospitals in the North of Jordan was used. The Missed Nursing Care Infection Prevention and Control (MNCIPC) Survey was employed to collect the data. Data were analyzed using descriptive inferential, and multivariate regression analysis. Findings: The majority of the participants worked as registered nurses (78.4%). The highest missed infection control activities were: screening new admissions for Multi Resistant Organisms (MRO), wearing gloves for both preparing and administration of all antibiotics, and informing staff and visitors for the need for transmission-based precautions (when managing a patient with a MRO). The least missed infection control activities reported by nurses were performing hand hygiene after touching patients, and before drug administration. The reasons of missed infection control measures most frequently reported by nurses were: urgent patient situation, followed by inadequate number of clerical staff, and unexpected rise in patient volume and or acuity. Conclusion: This research suggests that interventions to reduce missed infection control measures should focus on the education and training of nursing staff as well as a adopting nurse: patient ratio in managing nursing workload, which should not exceed 1:4.
Observations of Score Changes Between USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 Among Students of Different Demographic Groups in a Longitudinal Clinical Curriculum
Authors: Novotny Kaitlyn , Levine Daniel , Netski Dale , Simanton Edward 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND The transition of the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 to a pass/fail scoring system is reshaping its role in medical students’ residency placements. This compels institutions to rethink Step 2 preparation strategies, raising concerns about a clerkship's impact on various student groups. Traditionally, medical schools followed the traditional block rotation model for clerkships, which limits longitudinal learning, and many schools are switching to longitudinal integrated clerkships and longitudinal interleaved clerkships (LInCs). The growth in longitudinal popularity sparks concern for the success of diverse medical student groups as there is minimal research regarding LInC students’ USMLE performance. Our study aims to identify which student groups at Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (KSOM) saw the greatest improvement in their USMLE Step scores after completing the LInC clerkship model. METHOD Utilizing institutional data from KSOM, 145 students from 3 KSOM cohorts’ Step 1 and Step 2 3-digit scores and their self-identified demographic information prior to the change in Step 1 grading were categorized by admissions and initial performance factors. Binary groups were created for each variable. Descriptive statistics and t-tests (including Levene’s test) gauged score change significance ( P < .05) within these groups. Changes were assessed by subtracting Step 1 from Step 2 scores, identifying groups showing significant score improvements after completing the LInC clerkship. RESULTS Analysis revealed significant score improvements between Step 1 and Step 2 for the following groups: females, students with low socioeconomic status, and students who originally received lower Step 1 scores. CONCLUSION This study underscores the significance of gender, socioeconomic status, and prior exam performance in clerkship model development given the changes to Step 1 scoring. Further research should discern whether the observed score changes are attributed to the LInC model or its associated testing model.
Risk factors, mechanisms, and clinical outcomes of stroke in young adults presenting to a North Central London stroke service: UCL Young Stroke Systematic Evaluation Study (ULYSSES)
Authors: Mussa Raafiah , Ambler Gareth , Ozkan Hatice , Thiankhaw Kitti , Aboughdir Maryam , Smedley Imogen , Mitchell John , Banerjee Gargi , Jäger Hans Rolf , Leff Alex , Perry Richard , Simister Robert J , Chandratheva Arvind , Werring David J 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Stroke incidence in younger adults is increasing worldwide yet few comprehensive studies exist from a UK population. We investigated the risk factors, mechanisms, functional outcome and stroke recurrence rate in a cohort of young adults with stroke. Patients and methods: We included consecutive patients (<55 years) with ischaemic stroke or intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) admitted to the University College London Hospitals Hyperacute Stroke Unit between 2017 and 2020. Ischaemic stroke was classified using Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria and ICH using modified CLAS-ICH criteria. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of unfavourable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] > 1) at 6 months. Results: Five hundred fifty-two patients were included (median age 47, IQR 41–51; 33% female; 76% ischaemic stroke). Common risk factors included dyslipidaemia (57%), hypertension (40%), and cigarette smoking (34%). Ischaemic stroke was mostly due to cardioembolism (22%). Probable cerebral small vessel disease was the most frequent ICH aetiology (53%). Unfavourable functional outcome was prevalent in 50% at 6 months and was associated with ICH (OR 2.02, 95%CI 1.14–3.58, p = 0.017), female sex (OR 1.62, 95%CI 1.03–2.55, p = 0.037), admission stroke severity (per point increase, OR 1.11, 95%CI 1.07–1.16, p < 0.001) and pre-morbid mRS 2-5 (OR 3.16; 95%CI 1.11–9.03, p = 0.032). 4.4% had a recurrent stroke within 6 months. Discussion and conclusion: Traditional cardiovascular risk factors are common in young adults with stroke. Unfavourable functional outcome is associated with female sex, ICH, severe stroke and pre-morbid disability. These findings can inform national stroke prevention and rehabilitation strategies.
Serial cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of high mobility group box 1 in bacterial meningitis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Matsushige Takeshi , Inoue Hirofumi , Hoshide Madoka , Kohno Fumitaka , Kobayashi Hikaru , Ichihara Kiyoshi , Ichiyama Takashi , Hasegawa Shunji 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a life-threatening central nervous system infection with potential for severe neurological sequelae. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is known as a late inflammatory mediator associated with lethal pathology. This study aims to investigate the serial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of HMGB1 in children with BM and its relationship to neurological prognosis.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included children with BM, aseptic meningitis (AM), and controls. CSF samples were collected serially from patients with BM and once from those with AM and controls. HMGB1 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were measured using ELISA and bead-based multiplex assays, respectively. Statistical analyses included Mann–Whitney U tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and three-way ANOVA to evaluate differences among groups and over time.

Results
HMGB1 levels in the CSF of children with BM were significantly higher than in those with AM and controls (p < 0.001). Inflammatory cytokine IL-6 levels decreased after treatment; however, HMGB1 levels remained elevated in half of the BM patients. Notably, a patient with neurological sequelae exhibited a delayed elevation of HMGB1 until the latest time points. Three-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in the time course of IL-6 and HMGB1 among individuals (p = 0.018).

Conclusions
Elevated CSF HMGB1 levels persist in some children with BM even after treatment, particularly in those with poor neurological outcomes. These findings suggest that delayed elevation of HMGB1 may contribute to severe inflammation and poor prognosis in BM. Further research into HMGB1 as a potential therapeutic target in BM is warranted.
Survival in patients with CKD 3–5 after 12 months of exercise training – a post-hoc analysis of the RENEXC trial
Authors: Denguir Sara , Hellberg Matthias , Almquist Martin , Clyne Naomi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Physical performance is low and physical activity declines in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both factors are associated with decreased survival. Our hypothesis was that improved physical performance after 12 months of exercise training would result in better survival in patients with CKD stages 3 to 5 not on kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Our aims in this study were to investigate the survival effects of (1) baseline physical performance and (2) physical performance after 12 months of exercise training.

Methods
This is a post-hoc analysis of the RENEXC trial, a randomized controlled study comparing 12 months of strength- and balance training both in combination with aerobic training. Both groups improved physical performance with no between group differences. Patients were categorized into five groups: improved ≥ 5%, unchanged, deteriorated ≥ 5%, non-completers, missing data. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used and adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, time on dialysis and time with a kidney transplant.

Results
151 patients participated, mean age 66 ± 14 years, 65% men, eGFR 22.5 ± 8.2 ml/min/1.73m2, average follow-up 60 months.

Multivariate analyses
The baseline 6-minute walk test (6MWT) (HR 0.996; 95% CI [0.993–0.998]) and 30-second sit-to-stand (30s-STS) (HR 0.94 CI [0.89–1.0]) were positively associated with survival. After 12 months of exercise improved handgrip strength (HGS) right (HR 2.66; 95% CI [1.07–6.59]) was associated with better survival compared with deterioration. Improvement compared with noncompletion was associated with better survival (6MWT (HR 2.88; 95% CI [1.4–5.88]), HGS right (HR 4.44; 95% CI [1.79–10.98]), functional reach (HR 3.69; 95% CI [1.82–7.48]), isometric quadriceps strength right (HR 2.86; 95% CI [1.43–5.72]), 30s-STS (HR 3.44; 95% CI [1.66–7.11]).

Conclusion
Baseline walking distance, muscular strength and endurance in the legs were independently associated with survival in people with CKD stages 3–5 without KRT. After completing 12 months of exercise training improved walking distance, muscular strength and endurance, and balance were positively associated with survival, compared with noncompleters. Better physical performance at baseline and the ability to complete 12 months of exercise training conferred survival benefits. There are probably several factors affecting better survival. These factors require elucidation in future studies.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02041156. Registration date 20,240,107.
Optimization of chemical transfection in airway epithelial cell lines
Authors: Guo Tony J. F. , Liang Wan Yi , Singhera Gurpreet K. , Memar Vaghri Jasmine , Leung Janice M. , Dorscheid Del R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Chemical transfection is a widely employed technique in airway epithelium research, enabling the study of gene expression changes and effects. Additionally, it has been explored for its potential application in delivering gene therapies. Here, we characterize the transfection efficiency of EX-EGFP-Lv105, an EGFP-expressing plasmid into three cell lines commonly used to model the airway epithelium (1HAEo-, 16HBE14o-, and NCI-H292).

Results
We used six common and/or commercially available reagents with varying chemical compositions: Lipofectamine 3000 (L3000), FuGENE HD, ViaFect, jetOPTIMUS, EndoFectin, and calcium phosphate. Using L3000, 1HAEo- exhibited the highest transfection efficiency compared to 16HBE14o- and NCI-H292 (1HAEo-: 76.1 ± 3.2%, 16HBE14o-: 35.5 ± 1.2%, NCI-H292: 28.9 ± 2.23%). L3000 yielded the greatest transfection efficiency with the lowest impact on cellular viability, normalized to control, with a 11.3 ± 0.16% reduction in 1HAEo-, 16.3 ± 0.08% reduction in 16HBE14o-, and 17.5 ± 0.09% reduction in NCI-H292 at 48-hour post-transfection. However, jetOPTIMUS had a similar transfection efficiency in 1HAEo- (90.7 ± 4.2%, p = 0.94), but had significantly reduced cellular viability of 37.4 ± 0.11% (p < 0.0001) compared to L3000. In 16HBE14o-, jetOPTIMUS yielded a significantly higher transfection efficiency compared to L3000 (64.6 ± 3.2%, p < 0.0001) but significantly reduced viability of 33.4 ± 0.09% (p < 0.0001) compared to L3000. In NCI-H292, jetOPTIMUS yielded a lower transfection efficiency (22.6 ± 1.2%) with a significant reduction in viability (28.3 ± 0.9%, p < 0.0001). Other reagents varied significantly in their efficiency and impact on cellular viability in other cell lines. Changing the transfection mixture-containing medium at 6-hour post-transfection did not improve transfection efficiency or viability. However, pre-treatment of cell cultures with two rinses of 0.25% trypsin-EDTA improved transfection efficiency in 1HAEo- (85.2 ± 1.1% vs. 71.3 ± 1.0%, p = 0.004) and 16HBE14o- (62.6 ± 4.3 vs. 35.5 ± 1.2, p = 0.003).

Conclusions
Transfection efficiencies can differ based on airway epithelial cell line, reagents, and optimization techniques used. Consideration and optimization of cell line and transfection conditions may be useful for improving nonviral genetic techniques in vitro.