bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain- and growth condition-dependent variability in outer membrane protein expression by Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates from dogs
Authors: Keil Daniel J. , Fenwick Brad 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To characterize strain-dependent and growth condition-dependent variability in outer membrane protein (OMP) expression of Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates from dogs and evaluate the systemic immune response to OMP of B bronchiseptica among infected dogs.

Sample Population
8 strains of B bronchiseptica isolated from dogs, including a historic reference strain, 2 commercially available vaccine strains, and 5 field strains, and serum samples collected from 3 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) dogs before and 1 month after infection with B bronchiseptica.

Procedure
OMP were isolated from cultures in the late exponential phase of growth and compared among strains and, within strains, among growth conditions by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Serum samples were probed with OMP from 1 of the field strains.

Results
Strain-dependent variability in OMP profiles and growth condition-dependent and strain-dependent variability in expression of filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertactin was found, along with heterogeneity of the pertactin proteins produced by these B bronchiseptica strains. All 3 SPF dogs seroconverted to proteins with estimated molecular masses of 200 and 66 kDa, suggesting that FHA and pertactin were involved in the immunologic response of these dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Results indicated that there is growth condition and strain variability in expression of OMP, FHA, and pertactin proteins produced by B bronchiseptica. This information could be useful in the improvement of vaccines for prevention of bordetellosis in dogs. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1016-1021)
Efficacy of an adulticide used alone or in combination with an insect growth regulator for flea infestations of dogs housed in simulated home environments
Authors: Cadiergues Marie-Christine , Steffan Jean , Tinembart Olivier , Franc Michel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine the effect of an adulticide on flea populations of dogs and to evaluate efficacy of combined use of the adulticide and an insect growth regulator (IGR) in dogs with experimentally induced flea infestations.

Animals
40 adult Beagles.

Procedure
Each group of 5 dogs was housed in a separate room. Each dog was infested 3 times with 50 fleas, and fleas were counted beginning on day −21. Groups of dogs and treatments (initiated on day 0) were as follows: 1, adulticide once; 2, adulticide on days 0 and 7; 3, adulticide on days 0, 3, and 7; 4, sham treatment; 5, igr monthly; 6, igr monthly plus adulticide once weekly for 6 weeks; 7, igr monthly plus adulticide twice weekly for 6 weeks; 8, sham treatment. Flea counts were compared between treated and control dogs.

Results
By 24 hours after initial treatment, all adult fleas but 1 were dead in treated dogs. In groups 1 and 3, populations increased to 15 to 20 fleas/dog 2 months after treatment, compared with 48 fleas/dog in group 4. After treatment, mean flea counts were significantly lower for groups 1, 2, and 3, relative to group 4. Efficacy of treatment for group 5, relative to group 8, was > 94% after day 84. Efficacy of treatment for groups 6 and 7 was 99% after day 28.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Treatment with adulticide alone or in combination with an igr had better efficacy, compared with sham treatment or igr alone. Administration of adulticide twice weekly was not more efficacious than treatment once weekly, (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1122–1125)
Evaluation of certification in the Milk and Dairy Beef Quality Assurance Program and associated factors on the risk of having violative antibiotic residues in milk from dairy farms in Michigan
Authors: Gibbons-Burgener Suzanne N. , Kaneene John B. , Lloyd James W. , Erskine Ronald J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether certification in a Milk and Dairy Beef Quality Assurance Program (MDBQAP) was associated with a reduced risk of having antibiotic residues in milk and to define specific management factors that may have predisposed dairy farms to having violative antibiotic residues in milk.

Sample Population
124 dairy farms in Michigan that had ≥ 1 violative residue in milk during 1993 and 248 randomly selected control farms in Michigan that did not have violative residues in milk during 1993.

Procedure
A pretested structured questionnaire was mailed to case and control farms. A conditional multivariate logistic regression model was developed to determine risk factors associated with having a violative antibiotic residue in milk.

Results
Certification in the MDBQAP did not significantly reduce the risk of having a violative antibiotic residue. Annual treatment of > 10% of a herd for metritis was associated with a reduced risk of having a violative residue. Evidence suggested that a routine request for a milk processor to perform residue testing was associated with a decreased risk of having had a violative antibiotic residue, but routine on-farm residue testing was associated with an increased risk of having had a residue.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
MDBQAP certification was associated, although not significantly, with a reduced risk of having violative antibiotic residues in milk. Risk factors significantly associated with violative antibiotic residues are addressed by various critical control points in the MDBQAP and may be indicators for strengths and weaknesses of MDBQAP. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1312–1316)
Comparison of fecal samples collected per rectum and off the ground for estimation of environmental contamination attributable to beef cattle
Authors: Hoar Bruce R. , Atwill Edward R. , Elmi Cyrus , Utterback William W. , Edmondson Anita J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To determine whether sampling feces off the ground replicates prevalence estimates for specific pathogens obtained from fecal samples collected per rectum of adult cows, and to determine characteristics of feces on the ground (fecal pats) that are associated with subsequent identification of Campylobacter spp, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Giardia duodenalis.

Animals
A random sample of adult beef cattle from 25 herds located throughout California.

Procedure
1,115 rectal and ground fecal samples were obtained. Samples were submitted for culture of Campylobacter spp and examined, using a direct fluorescent antibody assay, to detect C parvum oocysts and G duodenalis cysts. Characteristics of fecal pats, such as volume and consistency, were recorded.

Results
Prevalence of Campylobacter spp was 5.0% (20/401) for rectal fecal samples, which was significantly greater than prevalence determined for ground fecal samples (2/402; 0.5%). Most isolates were C jejuni subsp jejuni. Prevalence of C parvum was higher in rectal fecal samples (6/557; 1.1%) than in ground fecal samples (1/558; 0.2%), but this difference was not significant. Prevalence of G duodenalis did not differ for rectal (36/557; 6.5%) versus ground (26/558; 4.7%) fecal samples.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Evaluation of ground fecal samples may not accurately indicate the prevalence of Campylobacter spp or C parvum in cattle but may reflect prevalence of G duodenalis Differences in prevalence estimates between the 2 methods suggest inactivation of pathogens in feces after cattle have defecated. Prevalence estimates generated by evaluation of ground fecal samples, however, may more accurately estimate environmental pathogen burden. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1352–1356)
Effects of dexamethasone administration on serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity in healthy dogs
Authors: Lucena Rosario , Ginel Pedro J. , Novales Manuel , Molleda José M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether administration of dexamethasone altered serum trypsin-like immunore-activity (TLI) in healthy dogs.

Animals
12 healthy dogs.

Procedure
Dexamethasone (0.25 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) was administered for 7 days. Serum TLI, α-amylase and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, and urea and creatinine concentrations were determined on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 of the study.

Results
Serum TLI and ALT activities were significantly increased, and serum α-amylase activity was significantly decreased after administration of dexamethasone for 7 days. However, values obtained on days 14 and 21 were not significantly different from baseline values. Dexamethasone administration was not associated with any significant changes in serum creatinine or urea concentrations. Serum TLI and α-amylase activities were significantly correlated prior to dexamethasone administration. Dogs did not develop clinical signs of pancreatitis.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Dexamethasone administration was associated with an increase in serum TLI. However, values returned to baseline 7 days after dexamethasone administration was discontinued. Serum TLI may be falsely high in dogs that have been treated with dexamethasone in the week preceding analysis. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1357–1359)
Dose titration of an injectable formulation of lufenuron in cats experimentally infested with fleas
Authors: Blagburn Byron L. , Vaughan Joy L. , Butler Jamie M. , Parks S. Craig 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To identify the lowest single dose of lufenuron injected SC that results in a 90% disruption of the flea (Ctenocephalides felis) life cycle for 6 months in cats.

Animals
40 domestic shorthair cats (20 males, 20 females) between 5 and 7 months old.

Procedure
Cats were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 eight-cat groups and experimentally infested with C felis on days −8, −7, −6, and −4. On day 0, cats in the 4 treatment groups were treated with an injectable formulation of lufenuron at doses of 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. Control cats received the injectable formulation without lufenuron. Experimental infestations were repeated and flea eggs collected at various intervals for 196 days after treatment. Eggs were placed in media and incubated in an insectary for 28 days to determine effects of injectable lufenuron on egg and larval development. Number of adults that emerged from eggs were compared among groups.

Results
Lufenuron injected once at a dose of 10 or 20 mg/kg, but not at 2.5 or 5 mg/kg, resulted in a 90% decrease in number of adult fleas emerging from eggs for 196 days after treatment.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Results indicate that control of flea egg and larval development for at least 6 months can be achieved in cats with a single SC injection of lufenuron (10 mg/kg). The injectable formulation may provide veterinarians and cat owners an alternative to the tablet formulation of lufenuron. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1513–1515)
Isoflurane anesthesia alters complete blood count values in lilac-crowned parrots (Amazona finschi)
Authors: Sánchez Edgar A. Sandoval , Rodríguez Julio A. Mercado , Silva Katya M. Meza , Watty Andrés Ducoing , Pizano Daniel Alejandro Gómez 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of a chemical restraint with isoflurane compared to a physical restraint in hemogram values in psittacines.

ANIMALS
21 adult lilac-crowned parrots (Amazona finschi).

METHODS
Subjects were physically restrained for blood sample collection, after this isoflurane anesthesia was administered for 30 minutes at which time a second blood sample was taken. Hemogram values were compared between both samples using a t test in variables with normal distribution and a Wilcoxon test in variables without normal distribution. Statistical significance was established at P < .05.

RESULTS
When comparing the analytes of the respective CBCs, a decrease in PCV (P < .001), RBC count (P < .001), WBC count (P = .017), absolute lymphocytes (P = .024), and total proteins (P < .001) was observed in the samples taken under chemical restraint. No significant differences in MCV and absolute values of heterophils, monocytes, or eosinophils were observed.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Isoflurane causes a decrease in some blood count values in lilac-crowned parrots under isoflurane anesthesia for 30 minutes. Although the magnitude of change could be variable between values, it is important to consider the blood collection method when interpreting the blood count in this species.
The depth of the sulcus of the upper lip-a cephalometric study
Authors: Galvao Carlos A.A.N. , Madeira Miguel C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This cross sectional cephalometric study used a mixed sample of 98 Brazilian-born white teenagers, aged 11-18 years, who had not undergone orthodontic treatment. Using the “H”-NB angle (angle formed by the “H” line of Holdaway to the NB plane), they were divided into three groups according to their facial profiles; harmonious, convex and concave. The depth of the sulcus or concavity of the upper lip (a line perpendicular to the “H” line) was compared to that found by Holdaway (1977). The results indicate that the depth of the sulcus of the upper lip in persons with either a harmonious or concave facial profile approximates the figures presented by Holdaway (1977), but patients with a convex profile have greater sulcus depth. There appears a direct relationship between the convexity of the facial profile and upper lip sulcus depth.
Begg class II treatment planning for optimum profile control
Authors: Thompson F.G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In attempting to obtain the treatment goals of a normal incisor and lip relationship the overall facial appearance may worsen in a number of patients during treatment with the Begg appliance. The three main causes of this deteriorating profile are over-retraction and excessive torquing of upper incisors, retraction of the lower incisors, and the effect of backward rotation of the mandible. A sequence of clinical cases are used to illustrate these adverse effects. Suggested methods are given for limiting the treatment effects of Begg mechanotherapy by selection of appropriate extraction sites and/or by combined use of Begg mechanics with different headgear forces.
The microvascular venous pool and its ultrastructural associations in mouse molar periodontal ligament — Periodontal Microvasculature & Nerves
Authors: Sims Milton R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This transmission electron microscopic investigation revealed that the periodontal ligament of mouse mandibular molars contained a microvascular bed typified by a predominance of vessels corresponding in luminal diameter with postcapillary-venules. Vessels in the cervical region showed large areas of the endothelium and basement membrane directly exposed to the investing collagen fibre bundles. Cervical venous capillaries had a ratio of luminal diameter to wall thickness averaging 20:1, whereas postcapillary-sized venules approximated 30:1. In the apical third of the ligament the venous vessels became significantly larger and morphologically conformed to ‘apericytic' postcapillary venules, since they appeared to be devoid of pericytes, and comprised endothelial-like tubes with only the basement membrane and occasional veil cells intervening between the endothelium and the enveloping collagen fibre bundles. The ratio of luminal diameter to wall thickness exceeded 60:1 in these apical vessels. This venous capillary pool of the ligament consisted of vessels which differed ultrastructurally from the postcapillary venules described as being typical of other microcirculatory systems.
Nerve endings, indicated by aggregations of mitochondria, were present adjacent to encapsulated myelinated and unmyelinated nerves located alongside cervical venous capillaries and postcapillary-sized vessels. Encapsulated nerves and nerve groups in the apical region corresponded with descriptions of putative periodontal mechanoreceptors in man, but differed in being related to postcapillary-sized vessels and not collecting veins as reported in human ligament. Unmyelinated axons were frequently located within 0.25 microns of the endothelium of venous capillaries and venules. The oxytalan meshwork fibres were associated with all categories of vessels observed including capillaries having luminal diameters less than six microns.
These findings demonstrate that the mouse periodontal ligament has unique, and previously unreported, vascular and neural anatomical features related to its operant role and dynamic behaviour in supporting masticatory loads. Some functional implications of the present findings are discussed.
Recent vs Historical Migrants: A Study on the Canadian Provincial Trade-Migration Nexus
Authors: Aziz Nusrate , Aziz Ahmed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We contribute to the literature by exploring the variation in the trade-creating effect of migration networks across historical migrants and recent migrants by applying a micro-founded gravity model of trade. Both the stock of historical migrants and recent migrants variables are constructed by merging Canadian Census data with the migration data available in Statistics Canada. We address the endogeneity issue by applying IV estimators including two-step feasible GMM and PPML with IV and fixed effects by utilizing the imputed annual migration flow, the historical stock, and recent stock of migrants as instrumental variables proposed by Peri and Requena (2010). Taking Canadian geographical features into account, this study also applies carefully measured gravity variables. We control for the time-varying, exporter-year fixed effects, and importer-year fixed effects in a panel estimation. Estimated results show that annual migration, recent provincial stock of migrants, and historical stock of migrants significantly increase Canadian interprovincial trade. This impact is stronger for the stock of historical migrants relative to the stock of recent migrants and annual migration flow. Sub-sample analysis shows that both recent and historical migration consistently increase interprovincial service trade, only but not interprovincial goods trade. A greater combination of English and French-speaking provinces-pair significantly increases interprovincial trade. Regional trade agreements significantly impact the interprovincial trade of Canada. Our estimated results are robust to different estimation methods and alternative measures for the migrants’ stock and flow variables.
Blockchain Based Wireless Sensor Networks for Detecting Nodes
Authors: Alkhfaji Abothar Mohmood 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The versatility of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and other unique qualities inspired by real-time collaboration between the sensor nodes make them widely used for a range of applications in monitoring and surveillance. As solutions for malicious node identification involve a single, centralized decision-making process, security in WSNs is becoming more and more important. Errors are difficult to prevent with this paradigm, and repeatability and traceability are problems. Therefore, the detecting ability and integrity of the developed detection method cannot be guaranteed by malicious node identification technology in ordinary WSNs. This article provides insights into this innovative idea as well as a thorough investigation of the use of blockchain technology to WSNs (Blockchain-Based WSN), including a full analysis of a blockchain-based method for identifying rogue nodes. The Blockchain-Based WSN architecture, business-specific applications, and use are all included in this study. The Blockchain-Based WSN architecture model for tracking malicious nodes and the smart contract features of malicious node detection is both included in the explanation of harmful node identification based on Blockchain-Based WSN in this paper. The second part of this study investigates the use of blockchain technology to the management of WSN data, which necessitates online information aggregation and may also require auditing, event logging, and storage for information analysis and offline query processing. The traditional WSN data management approaches are discussed first in this study, followed by the blockchain-based WSN data management choices. The benefaction of blockchain to WSN security management is also included in this survey. Before discussing blockchain-based WSN security management solutions, such as those that provide access control, protect data integrity, ensure anonymity, and prolong the life of WSN nodes, it first looks at the security vulnerabilities of centralized WSN models.
Applications of Machine Learning in Mobile Networking
Authors: Shnain Ammar Hameed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Communication networks are constantly increasing in size and complexity. Hence, the traditional rule-based algorithms of these networks will probably not operate at their most effective efficiency. Machine learning (ML) is being used these days to solve tough problems in a variety of industries, including banking, healthcare, and enterprise. Communication network performance can be improved using computational models that can deliver ML algorithms. This paper investigates the use of ML models in communication networks for prediction, intruder detection, route and path allocation, quality of service enhancement, and resource management. A review of the current literature suggests that there is a wealth of potential for researchers to leverage ML to solve challenging network performance problems, especially in the development of software-based networks and 5G.
Gaze Tracking for Hands-Free Human Using Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach
Authors: Ullah Irfan , Ali Abid , Rasool Shahid , Khan Abdul Moiz , Batool Iqra , Javed Manahil , Kalsoom Sarara 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
People with disabilities have new and advanced methods to communicate with the applications for virtual keyboards and other communication tools. In this paper, we utilized a novel deep reinforcement learning-based technique for determining the location of the accessible options for gaze-controlled tree-based menu selection system. A virtual English keyboard has been incorporated into the layout of the new user interface, which also includes improved requests for text modification through the gaze. The two methods used to manage the system are: 1) eye tracking for typing on the virtual keyboard and 2) eye tracking with a device for soft-switch utilizing deep reinforcement learning. Simulation results show that DRL based algorithm outperforms other baseline techniques in terms of total loss and accuracy.
Prognostic Value of Prostata Specific Antigen and Digital Rectal Examination at Prostate Biopsy
Authors: Milutinovic Filip , Djordjevic Djordje , Todorovic Djordje , Zaric Dusan , Mihajlovic Filip 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Prostate cancer is a worldwide health concern with an increasing global incidence. In the Republic of Serbia, it is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. The research aims to determine the influence of PSA value and digital rectal examination on the pathohistological findings of prostate biopsy in men in Central Serbia. The study was designed as a retrospective, cross-sectional analytical study conducted in the period from December 2021 to December 2022 after receiving the confirmation of the Ethics Committee of the University of Applied Sciences Kragujevac. Among 151 respondents aged 49 to 88 who underwent consecutive biopsies during the study period, prostate cancer was detected in 65 (42%). Out of 65 positive biopsies, 33 subjects had a Gleason score of up to 7, while 32 subjects had a Gleason score over 7. Prostate biopsies significantly correlated with PSA levels (p=0.02), while DRE and prostate volume did not show statistical significance on the prostate biopsy result. PSA level testing leads to early detection of prostate disease in the elderly. PSA value was the only clinical variable associated with an increased rate of prostate cancer in men ≥ 70 and older (p=0.02). DRE, PSA, and prostate volume are important parameters associated with an increase in prostate cancer detection rate in men over 70 years of age.