bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking Antigen-Specific CD8 T Lymphocytes in the Lungs of Mice Vaccinated with the Mtb72F Polyprotein
Authors: Irwin Scott M. , Izzo Angelo A. , Dow Steven W. , Skeiky Y. A. W. , Reed Steven G. , Alderson Mark R. , Orme Ian M. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTThis study used a major histocompatibility complex class I tetramer reagent to track antigen-specific CD8 T cells in the lungs of mice immunized with the tuberculosis vaccine candidate Mtb72F. The results show that CD8 T cells recognizing an immunodominant Mtb32-specific epitope could be detected in significant numbers over the course of infection in mice exposed to low-dose aerosol challenge withMycobacterium tuberculosisand that prior vaccination substantially increased the numbers of these cells early in the lungs. The effector phenotype of the cells was shown by the demonstration that many secreted gamma interferon, but very few contained granzyme B. As the course of the infection progressed, many activated CD8 T cells down-regulated expression of CD45RB and upregulated expression of the interleukin-7 receptor alpha chain, indicating a transition of these cells to a state of memory. These data support the hypothesis thatM. tuberculosis-specific CD8 T cells can be targeted by vaccination with the Mtb72F polyprotein.
Both
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
DtxR(E175K) and
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
IdeR(D177K) Are Dominant Positive Repressors of IdeR-Regulated Genes in
M. tuberculosis
Authors: Manabe Yukari C. , Hatem Christine L. , Kesavan Anup K. , Durack Justin , Murphy John R. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

The diphtheria toxin repressor (DtxR) is an important iron-dependent transcriptional regulator of known virulence genes in
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
. The mycobacterial iron-dependent repressor (IdeR) is phylogenetically closely related to DtxR, with high amino acid similarity in the DNA binding and metal ion binding site domains. We have previously shown that an iron-insensitive, dominant-positive
dtxR
(
E175K
) mutant allele from
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
can be expressed in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and results in an attenuated phenotype in mice (Y. C. Manabe, B. J. Saviola, L. Sun, J. R. Murphy, and W. R. Bishai, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:12844-12848, 1999). In this paper, we report the
M. tuberculosis
IdeR(D177K) strain that has the cognate point mutation. We tested four known and predicted IdeR-regulated gene promoters (
mbtI
, Rv2123, Rv3402c, and Rv1519) using a promoterless green fluorescent protein (GFP) construct. GFP expression from these promoters was abrogated under low-iron conditions in the presence of both IdeR(D177K) and DtxR(E175K), a result confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR. The IdeR regulon can be constitutively repressed in the presence of an integrated copy of
ideR
containing this point mutation. These data also suggest that mutant IdeR(D177K) has a mechanism similar to that of DtxR(E175K); iron insensitivity occurs as a result of SH3-like domain binding interactions that stabilize the intermediate form of the repressor after ancillary metal ion binding. This construct can be used to elucidate further the IdeR regulon and its virulence genes and to differentiate these from genes regulated by SirR, which does not have this domain.
Anamnestic Responses of Mice followingMycobacterium tuberculosisInfection
Authors: Kamath Arati B. , Behar Samuel M. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTThe anamnestic response is the property of the immune system that makes vaccine development possible. Although the development of a vaccine againstMycobacterium tuberculosisis an important global priority, there are many gaps in our understanding of how immunological memory develops followingM. tuberculosisinfection or after BCG vaccination. In experiments designed to compare the anamnestic response of susceptible and resistant mouse strains, major histocompatibility complex-matched memory-immune C3.SW-H2b/SnJ and C57BL/6 mice both demonstrated better control of bacterial replication following reinfection withM. tuberculosisthan control mice. Nevertheless, this memory response did not appear to have any long-term protective effect for either mouse strain. A greater understanding of the immunological factors that govern the maintenance of immunological memory following exposure toM. tuberculosiswill be required to develop an effective vaccine.
The Anti-
Candida albicans
Vaccine Composed of the Recombinant N Terminus of Als1p Reduces Fungal Burden and Improves Survival in Both Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Mice
Authors: Spellberg Brad J. , Ibrahim Ashraf S. , Avenissian Valentina , Filler Scott G. , Myers Carter L. , Fu Yue , Edwards John E. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT
We have previously shown that intraperitoneal vaccination with the recombinant N terminus of Als1p (rAls1p-N) modestly improves survival during murine disseminated candidiasis. We now report marked efficacy with subcutaneous rAls1p-N vaccination. Efficacy is retained in neutropenic and corticosteroid-treated mice. The rAls1p-N vaccine is a promising candidate for the prevention of invasive candidiasis.
Effects of Timing Regularity and Metrical Expectancy on Spoken-Word Perception
Authors: Quené Hugo , Port Robert F. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Certain types of speech, e.g. lists of words or numbers, are usually spoken withhighly regular inter-stress timing. The main hypothesis of this study (derived fromthe Dynamic Attending Theory) is that listeners attend in particular to speech eventsat these regular time points. Better timing regularity should improve spoken-wordperception. Previous studies have suggested only a weak effect of speech rhythm onspoken-word perception, but the timing of inter-stress intervals was not controlledin these studies. A phoneme monitoring experiment is reported, in which listenersheard lists of disyllabic words in which the timing of the stressed vowels was eitherregular (with equidistant inter-stress intervals) or irregular. In addition, metricalexpectancy was controlled by varying the stress pattern of the target word, as eitherthe same or the opposite of the stress pattern in its preceding words. Resulting reac-tiontimes show a main effect of timing regularity, but not of metrical expectancy.These results suggest that listeners employ attentional rhythms in spoken-word per-ception,and that regular speech timing improves speech communication.
On the USCRN Temperature System
Authors: Hubbard K. G. , Lin X. , Baker C. B. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
In 2004 a new aspirated surface air temperature system was officially deployed nationally in the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) commissioned by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The primary goal of the USCRN is to provide future long-term and high-quality homogeneous observations of surface air temperature and precipitation that can be coupled to past long-term observations for the detection and attribution of present and future climate change. In this paper two precision air temperature systems are included for evaluating the new USCRN air temperature system based on a 1-yr side-by-side field comparison. The measurement errors of the USCRN temperature sensor are systematically analyzed, and the components of error attributable to the datalogger, lead wires, fixed resistors, and the temperature coefficient of the resistors are presented. Although the current configuration is adequate, a more desirable configuration of USCRN temperature sensor coupled with the datalogger is proposed as a means of further reducing the uncertainty for the USCRN temperature measurement.
Combined Radar and Radiometer Analysis of Precipitation Profiles for a Parametric Retrieval Algorithm
Authors: Masunaga Hirohiko , Kummerow Christian D. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
A methodology to analyze precipitation profiles using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) and precipitation radar (PR) is proposed. Rainfall profiles are retrieved from PR measurements, defined as the best-fit solution selected from precalculated profiles by cloud-resolving models (CRMs), under explicitly defined assumptions of drop size distribution (DSD) and ice hydrometeor models. The PR path-integrated attenuation (PIA), where available, is further used to adjust DSD in a manner that is similar to the PR operational algorithm. Combined with the TMI-retrieved nonraining geophysical parameters, the three-dimensional structure of the geophysical parameters is obtained across the satellite-observed domains. Microwave brightness temperatures are then computed for a comparison with TMI observations to examine if the radar-retrieved rainfall is consistent in the radiometric measurement space. The inconsistency in microwave brightness temperatures is reduced by iterating the retrieval procedure with updated assumptions of the DSD and ice-density models. The proposed methodology is expected to refine the a priori rain profile database and error models for use by parametric passive microwave algorithms, aimed at the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, as well as a future TRMM algorithms.
Air Temperature Measurement Errors in Naturally Ventilated Radiation Shields
Authors: Nakamura Reina , Mahrt L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTwo sources of systematic errors are considered for estimating air temperature. The first source is ambiguity of the definition of the standardized measurement height over vegetated surfaces of varying heights. Without such a standardization, evaluation of the horizontal air temperature gradient is contaminated by the vertical variation of air temperature. This error is generally small in daytime unstable conditions, but increases with increasing stability at night. In an attempt to reduce such error, the use of the zero-plane displacement height for standardizing the measurement height is proposed.The second source of systematic errors is radiative forcing on the sensor–shield systems. A series of experiments is performed over a grass field to investigate the radiatively induced error in the air temperature estimate by the Onset HOBO Pro thermistor in a naturally ventilated multiplate shield. The magnitude of this error is estimated by comparing air temperature measurements by a platinum resistance temperature detector (RTD) sensor in a mechanically aspirated shield. In contrast to the errors resulting from the first source, the radiatively induced error increases with increasing instability. An empirical model is developed for correcting the radiatively induced temperature error using information on wind speed and net or shortwave radiation. The robustness of the model is examined with independent data.
Assessing the Accuracy of a Linearized Observation Operator for Assimilation of Radio Occultation Data: Case Simulations with a High-Resolution Weather Model
Authors: Sokolovskiy Sergey , Kuo Ying-Hwa , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAssimilation into numerical weather models of the refractivity, Abel-retrieved from radio occultations, as the local refractivity at ray tangent point may result in large errors in the presence of strong horizontal gradients (atmospheric fronts, strong convection). To reduce these errors, other authors suggested modeling the Abel-retrieved refractivity as a nonlocal linear function of the 3D refractivity, which can be used as a linear observation operator for assimiliation. The authors of this study introduce their approach for the nonlocal linear observation operator, which consists of modeling the excess phase path, calculated along certain trajectories below the top of an atmospheric model. In this study (not aimed at development of an observation operator for any specific atmospheric model), both approaches are validated by assessing the accuracy of both linearized observation operators by numerical simulations with the high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and comparing them to the accuracy of interpretation of the Abel-retrieved refractivity as local. Improvement of the accuracy of about an order of magnitude is found with the nonlocal refractivity and further improvement is found with the excess phase path. The effect of horizontal resolution of an atmospheric model on the accuracy of modeling local and nonlocal linear observables is also investigated, and it is demonstrated that the nonlocal linear modeling of radio occultation observables is especially important for weather prediction models with sufficiently high horizontal resolution, grid size &lt;100 km (mesoscale models).
Multivariate Error Covariance Estimates by Monte Carlo Simulation for Assimilation Studies in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Borovikov Anna , Rienecker Michele M. , Keppenne Christian L. , Johnson Gregory C. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
One of the most difficult aspects of ocean-state estimation is the prescription of the model forecast error covariances. The paucity of ocean observations limits our ability to estimate the covariance structures from model–observation differences. In most practical applications, simple covariances are usually prescribed. Rarely are cross covariances between different model variables used. Here a comparison is made between a univariate optimal interpolation (UOI) scheme and a multivariate OI algorithm (MvOI) in the assimilation of ocean temperature profiles. In the UOI case only temperature is updated using a Gaussian covariance function. In the MvOI, salinity, zonal, and meridional velocities as well as temperature are updated using an empirically estimated multivariate covariance matrix.
Earlier studies have shown that a univariate OI has a detrimental effect on the salinity and velocity fields of the model. Apparently, in a sequential framework it is important to analyze temperature and salinity together. For the MvOI an estimate of the forecast error statistics is made by Monte Carlo techniques from an ensemble of model forecasts. An important advantage of using an ensemble of ocean states is that it provides a natural way to estimate cross covariances between the fields of different physical variables constituting the model-state vector, at the same time incorporating the model’s dynamical and thermodynamical constraints as well as the effects of physical boundaries.
Only temperature observations from the Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean array have been assimilated in this study. To investigate the efficacy of the multivariate scheme, two data assimilation experiments are validated with a large independent set of recently published subsurface observations of salinity, zonal velocity, and temperature. For reference, a control run with no data assimilation is used to check how the data assimilation affects systematic model errors. While the performance of the UOI and MvOI is similar with respect to the temperature field, the salinity and velocity fields are greatly improved when the multivariate correction is used, as is evident from the analyses of the rms differences between these fields and independent observations. The MvOI assimilation is found to improve upon the control run in generating water masses with properties close to the observed, while the UOI fails to maintain the temperature and salinity structure.
Résistance et conversion des Anishinaabeg au christianisme: bricolage, rupture ou coupure?
Authors: Servais Olivier 
Published: August 2005

EnglishAnalyzing the resistance to Christianity by the Anishinaabeg of the North American Great Lakes region in the 19th and 20th centuries, the author brings to light four ideal-typical Amerindian types of figures. These figures reveal four different strategies aimed at both the cognitive management of religious belonging and ideological positioning in relation to an Amerindian lifestyle. In doing so, the author sheds light on the limits of this model and the need to interpret it diachronically. This basically empirical synthesis reveals three different sorts of implementations of a religious bricolage in a context of symbolic mutations and profound identities.FrenchAnalysant la résistance au christianisme des Anishinaabeg de la région des grands lacs nord-américains, aux 19ème et 20ème siècles, l'auteur fait émerger quatre types de figures amérindiennes idéales-typiques. Ces figures traduisent quatre stratégies différentes visant à la fois la gestion cognitive des appartenances religieuses et le positionnement idéologique par rapport au mode de vie amérindien. Ce faisant, l'auteur met en lumière les limites de ce modèle et son impérative lecture diachronique. De cette synthèse à base empirique se révè- lent trois modalités différentes de mise en oeuvre d'un bricolage religieux dans un contexte de mutations symboliques et identitaires profondes.
Preaching the Spirit: The Liberation of Preaching
Authors: Turner William 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis article attempts to make a case for preaching as theological method for testing the veracity of systematic projects. Pneumatology is offered as a case study, especially for theologies where it is under-represented. More specifically, pneumatology is offered as a grounding point for Black Theology, which began as a ‘church project’ that needs to return to the church to offer and receive critique.
The Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene BRCA1 Regulates Progesterone Receptor Signaling in Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Ma Yongxian , Katiyar Pragati , Jones Laundette P. , Fan Saijun , Zhang Yiyu , Furth Priscilla A. , Rosen Eliot M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe progesterone receptor (PR) plays roles in normal mammary development and breast cancer formation, where it may exert both stimulatory and inhibitory actions. Previously, the breast cancer susceptibility gene product BRCA1 was found to interact with and inhibit the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor-α. In this study, we found that exogenous wild-type BRCA1 inhibited the activity of the PR in transient transfection assays utilizing a mouse mammary tumor virus-Luc reporter. Wild-type BRCA1 inhibited the activity of endogenous PR in human breast cancer cells (T47D and MCF-7) and inhibited the activity of exogenous PR-A, PR-B, and [PR-A plus PR-B] isoforms. On the other hand, knockdown of endogenous BRCA1 using small interfering RNA enhanced the progesterone-stimulated activity of the PR by about 4-fold. We documented an in vivo association of the endogenous BRCA1 with PR isoforms A and B and a direct in vitro interaction between BRCA1 and PR, which was partially mapped. Whereas down-regulation of the coactivator p300 contributes to the BRCA1-mediated repression of estrogen receptor-α, this mechanism does not contribute to inhibition of PR activity, because exogenous p300 did not rescue the BRCA1 repression of PR activity. The BRCA1-PR interaction has functional consequences. Thus, we showed that BRCA1 inhibits the expression of various endogenous progesterone-responsive genes and inhibits progesterone-stimulated proliferation of T47D cells. Finally, exogenous progesterone caused an exaggerated proliferative response in the mammary glands of mice harboring a mammary-targeted conditional deletion of the full-length isoform of Brca1. These findings suggest that BRCA1 regulates the activity of progesterone, a major hormone of pregnancy that may also participate in mammary carcinogenesis.
From learning optimization to learner flourishing: Reimagining AI in Education at the Institute for Student‐AI Teaming (iSAT)
Authors: D'Mello Sidney K. , Biddy Quentin , Breideband Thomas , Bush Jeffrey , Chang Michael , Cortez Arturo , Flanigan Jeffrey , Foltz Peter W. , Gorman Jamie C. , Hirshfield Leanne , Monica Ko Mon‐Lin , Krishnaswamy Nikhil , Lieber Rachel , Martin James , Palmer Martha , Penuel William R. , Philip Thomas , Puntambekar Sadhana , Pustejovsky James , Reitman Jason G. , Sumner Tamara , Tissenbaum Michael , Walker Lyn , Whitehill Jacob 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Institute for Student‐AI Teaming (iSAT) addresses the foundational question: how to promote deep conceptual learning via rich socio‐collaborative learning experiences for all students?—a question that is ripe for AI‐based facilitation and has the potential to transform classrooms. We advance research in speech, computer vision, human‐agent teaming, computer‐supported collaborative learning, expansive co‐design, and the science of broadening participation to design and study next generation AI technologies (called AI Partners) embedded in student collaborative learning teams in coordination with teachers. Our institute ascribes to theoretical perspectives that aim to create a normative environment of widespread engagement through responsible design of technology, curriculum, and pedagogy in partnership with K–12 educators, racially diverse students, parents, and other community members.
A Low‐Cost and Do‐It‐Yourself Pressure Sensor Enable Human Motion Detection and Human–Machine Interface Applications
Authors: Heikkinen Mari , Basarir Fevzihan , Miikki Kim , Al Haj Yazan , Mohan Mithila , Vapaavuori Jaana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this work, cost‐effective and do‐it‐yourself capacitive pressure sensors are fabricated using readily available commercial components. The sensors are created in a single‐step process ‐by simply applying electrically conductive paint onto both sides of a porous melamine sponge. These sensors exhibit a wide‐range pressure sensing capability, spanning from 10 Pa to 100 kPa. The sensors showcase an impressively low limit of detection, detecting pressures as low as 10 Pa, and exhibit a moderate response time of 123 ms. Moreover, the sensors display remarkable repeatability and stability over 10 000 loading and unloading cycles without experiencing fatigue. Notably, these exceptional qualities come at an exceptionally low material cost, with the sensor measuring 20 × 20 × 2 mm. To showcase their potential applications, the fabricated sensors are successfully employed in real‐time human motion detection, proximity detection, and wearable keyboard applications.
Tumor‐Associated Monocytes Reprogram CD8+ T Cells into Central Memory‐Like Cells with Potent Antitumor Effects
Authors: Yang Zeliang , Liu Liang , Zhu Zhenyu , Hu Zixi , Liu Bowen , Gong Jingjing , Jin Yuan , Luo Juan , Deng Yichen , Jin Yan , Wang Guangxi , Yin Yuxin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCD8+ T cells are critical for host antitumor responses, whereas persistent antigenic stimulation and excessive inflammatory signals lead to T cell dysfunction or exhaustion. Increasing early memory T cells can improve T cell persistence and empower T cell‐mediated tumor eradication, especially for adoptive cancer immunotherapy. Here, it is reported that tumor‐associated monocytes (TAMos) are highly correlated with the accumulation of CD8+ memory T cells in human cancers. Further analysis identifies that TAMos selectively reprogram CD8+ T cells into T central memory‐like (TCM‐like) cells with enhanced recall responses. L‐NMMA, a pan nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, can mitigate TAMo‐mediated inhibition of T cell proliferation without affecting TCM‐like cell generation. Moreover, the modified T cells by TAMo exposure and L‐NMMA treatment exhibit long‐term persistence and elicit superior antitumor effects in vivo. Mechanistically, the transmembrane protein CD300LG is involved in TAMo‐mediated TCM‐like cell polarization in a cell‐cell contact‐dependent manner. Thus, the terminally differentiated TAMo subset (CD300LGhighACElow) mainly contributes to TCM‐like cell development. Taken together, these findings establish the significance of TAMos in boosting T‐cell antitumor immunity.