bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pesticides in surface water runoff in south‐eastern New York State, USA: seasonal and stormflow effects on concentrations
Authors: Phillips Patrick J , Bode Robert W 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSamples from two streams (Kisco River and the Middle Branch of the Croton River) in the Croton Reservoir system in south‐eastern New York State, USA were sampled from May 2000 through to February 2001 in order to document the effect of land use, streamflow and seasonal patterns of application on pesticide concentrations in runoff from developed watersheds. Many of the pesticides detected most commonly in this study are generally used in developed areas, and particularly on turfgrass. Pesticide concentrations were generally higher, and the numbers of compounds were generally larger, in samples from the Kisco River than in samples from the Middle Branch, probably because the Kisco River drainage has a greater population density and is more extensively developed. Four pesticides (2,4‐D, 2,4‐D‐methyl, dicamba and metalaxyl) were detected in at least one sample from the Kisco River at a concentration >1 µg litre−1, and no pesticides were detected at concentrations >0.4 µg litre−1 in Middle Branch samples. No human‐health‐based water‐quality standards were exceeded by samples from either site in this study, but samples from the Kisco River contained four insecticides (carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon and malathion) and one herbicide (2,4‐D) in concentrations that exceeded water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic life. The highest concentrations of most compounds occurred during stormflows in both streams in June, September and December, 2000. The lowest concentrations of most compounds at both sites occurred during baseflows from October 2000 through February 2001, even though the concentrations of many compounds increased substantially at the Kisco River site during stormflows in November and December.Detailed data on the variability of pesticide concentrations during stormflows indicate that there may be two sources of pesticides in the Kisco River watershed: (1) elevated concentrations of pesticides during peak flows that occur early in stormflows likely reflect runoff from paved areas, and (2) elevated concentrations during peak flows that occur later in stormflows from areas with lesser amounts of pavement. Data from the Kisco River indicate that the relation between storm discharge and pesticide concentrations varies among compounds, in part because of variation in seasonal application patterns. These variations in the timing of application result in not all stormflows producing increased concentrations of pesticides. Overall, these results indicate the importance of stormflow sampling throughout the year in assessing pesticide fate and transport in urbanized, developed areas. Published in 2004 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and herbicidal activity of new oxazinone herbicides with a long‐lasting herbicidal activity against Echinochloa oryzicola
Authors: Ikeguchi Masahiko , Sawaki Masahiko , Nakayama Hitoshi , Kikugawa Hiroshi , Yoshii Hiroshi 
Published: May 2004

AbstractChemical modification of the herbicide 1‐[2‐(benzothiazol‐2‐yl)isopropyl]‐4‐methyl‐3‐phenyl‐5H‐pyrrolin‐2‐one (MI‐2826) has revealed a new oxazinone herbicide, 3‐[2‐(7‐chlorobenzothiazol‐2‐yl)isopropyl]‐2,3‐dihydro‐6‐methyl‐5‐phenyl‐4H‐1,3‐oxazin‐4‐one (MI‐3069), for use in paddy fields. In comparing the phyototoxicity of the two herbicides to transplanted rice, the latter was superior to the former and kept the same predominant characteristic to control Echinochloa oryzicola Vasin for a long period of time owing to its long‐lasting residual effect. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
A utopian imagination in migration's terra incognita? acknowledging the non‐economic worlds of migration decision‐making
Authors: Halfacree Keith 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis paper calls for us to show greater appreciation of the ‘non‐economic’ issues that inform much migration behaviour, balancing rather than replacing work done within the economic tradition. Drawing primarily on material concerned with internal migration within the so‐called developed world, attention is given to the enculturation of both migration theory and research as an entry point to work on this non‐economic dimension. From this springboard, the paper focuses on three lessons that can be learnt from ongoing research into migration ‘beyond’ the economic. Firstly, it notes a danger that this work assumes something of a separate and, arguably, subordinate status to that still being done on the crucial economic dimensions of migration. Secondly, and this time more positively, this non‐economic work challenges the existence of any economic reductionism within our understanding of migration. Thirdly, and most controversially, it is suggested that the non‐economic worlds of migration revealed through a culturally‐aware lens can facilitate the glimpsing of a more utopic imagination, critiquing key elements of our dominant socio‐economic and cultural institutionalised practices. Work on counterurbanisation and gendered tied migration is used to illustrate these three lessons. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of core loss characteristics of 3% SiFe using the laser scribing method
Authors: Ahn Seungjoon , Kim Dae‐Wook , Kim Ho Seob , Baik Kwang‐Hyun , Ahn Seong Joon , Kim CheolGi 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe core loss of 3% SiFe is strongly dependent on silicon content, impurities, permeability, and domain structure of the SiFe. Domain refining has proved to be a very good method for the reduction of core loss in high‐permeability grain‐oriented SiFe, and laser scribing is well known as an effective and industrially important method of domain refinement. In this work, magnetic domain refinement was carried out using a pulsed and Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser, and the core losses were measured and analysed to find the optimal parameters of the laser treatment. The laser beam was focused with a spot size of 0.2 mm and pulse energy of 15–30 mJ and the lines were scribed with a period of ∼5 mm. The core loss was improved by up to 18% in 3% SiFe using this method, and the loss was relatively insensitive to the optical energy of the Q‐switched pulse. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Brillouin light scattering characterizations in thin cobalt films: temperature dependence
Authors: Kim Jung Gi , Han Kyung Hunn , Cho Jae Hun , Lee Sukmock 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe magnetic and elastic properties of cobalt films with a thickness of 60 nm, prepared by dc magnetron sputtering and deposited at different deposition temperatures, were studied using Brillouin light scattering and a vibrating sample magnetometer. The coercivity was a minimum at about 5 Oe, for a deposition temperature of 80 °C. The full width of the spin wave mode for a deposition temperature of 80 °C was also smaller than any of those for different deposition temperatures. The spin wave stiffness constant D and the elastic constant c44 increased as the deposition temperature increased. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crossroads electronic structure of MnS, MnSe, and MnTe
Authors: Youn S. J. , Min B. I. , Freeman A. J. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBy using the LDA + U method, we have investigated the electronic structure of MnBVI (BVI = S, Se, Te)–which are end‐point materials for wide gap semiconductors, A1−xIIMnxBVI (AII = Zn, Cd, Hg)–using parameters calculated by the so callled solid atom method. All these MnBVI compoounds have semiconducting electronic structure in the antiferromagnetic phase. The character of each energy gap is on the cossroads between charge transfer type insulators and band insulators. The LDA + U method yields enhanced energy gaps and magnetic moments, as compared to those of the LDA calculation in agreement with experimental values. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetic properties and Hall effect of CoZrGd films
Authors: Shin D. H. , Kim H. J. , Ranno L. , Suran G. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe Hall properties of amorphous CoZrGd films (2 at% < Gd < 30 at%) were compared with their magnetic properties, since the temperature dependence of the saturation magnetization is easily controlled by changing the Co and Gd composition ratio. By considering the sub‐lattice magnetizations MGd and MCo, the calculated spontaneous Hall resistivity (ρH) increases slightly from 1.8 × 10−12 W m/G to 3 × 10−12 W m/G as the Gd concentration increased. It is revealed that almost all of the electron scattering originates from skew scattering. An anomalous over‐fluctuation of ρH most marked around the compensation temperature is also reported. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High frequency tunable LC devices with ferroelectric/ferromagnetic thin film heterostructure
Authors: Yun Eui‐Jung , Cheon Chae Il 
Published: May 2004

AbstractHeterostructure tunable LC devices utilizing ferroelectric BST((Ba,Sr)TiO3) and ferromagnetic LSMO((La,Sr)MnO3) thin films were developed. Both LSMO and BST thin films were prepared by chemical solution deposition. New heterostructure tunable devices, which were composed of MIM‐type ferroelectric C and spiral‐type ferromagnetic L, were fabricated as the following order: ferromagnetic LSMO thin films were deposited on SiO2/Si substrate and platinum was deposited as a diffusion barrier and ferroelectric BST thin films were deposited and spiral‐type metal (Pt/Ti) coils were patterned using lift‐off process. The heterostructure tunable device showed large C–V tunability, 58% and also L–V tunability, 11.5% in voltage ranges of –10 V to +10 V. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Neutron‐scattering investigation of Co‐ and Fe‐based amorphous alloys
Authors: Dokukin E. B. , Beskrovnyi A. I. , Kuklin A. I. , Kovalev Yu. S. , Dokukin M. E. , Perov N. S. , Kim Chong‐Oh , Kim CheolGi 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAmorphous magnetic metallic Co66Fe4B15Si15 and Fe76.8Ni1.2B13.2Si8.8 alloys were investigated with a time‐of‐flight small‐angle‐scattering spectrometer. Also, a structural factor and a total pair correlation function for the amorphous magnetic metallic alloy Co66Fe4Si15B15 were obtained using the‐neutron diffraction method. It was found that cryogenic treatment of the samples (during some hours of conditioning at liquid‐nitrogen temperature) affected only the short‐range order up to ∼1.5 nm, although low‐temperature annealing at temperatures lower than 670 K leads to structural changes at distances larger than 30 nm. The short‐range‐order change is explained in the framework of structural relaxation. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coercivity variations at the top and bottom NiFe layers in NiFe/FeMn/NiFe trilayers
Authors: Sankaranarayanan V. K. , Yoon Sang‐Min , Kim CheolGi , Kim Chong‐Oh , Lee Heebok 
Published: May 2004

AbstractCoercivity variations in the NiFe/FeMn/NiFe trilayer are investigated when the thickness of the bottom and top NiFe layers is increased systematically from 2 nm to 20 nm. The trilayer shows two hysteresis loops corresponding to the two NiFe layers. When the thickness of the bottom seed NiFe layer is increased from 2 nm, after initial high values around 20–30 Oe in the 2–4 nm thickness range, the coercivity of both the loops fall steadily till 10 nm thickness. Thereafter the coercivity for the top NiFe layer shows a sharp increase in the 10–20 nm thickness range. In the case of top NiFe layer thickness variation, the peak in coercivity is observed in the 2–5 nm thickness range. For NiFe thickness of 2 nm in the case of top NiFe thickness variation, and above 10 nm thickness for seed NiFe layer thickness variation, unusually large coercivities are observed. We find that the top NiFe which forms the pinned layer shows greater coercivity in the case of both the top and bottom NiFe thickness variations. Coercivity variations are discussed on the basis of different populations of AFM (antiferromagnet) domains with differing anisotropy energy at the two NiFe/FeMn interfaces. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The resonant motion of the impedance and the FMR spectra in irradiated low alloy steel
Authors: Park Seung Sik , Choi Y. H. , Kim C. O. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractHigh energy neutron radiation causes the embrittlement of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) materials. Magnetic parameter changes were measured by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and impedance spectroscopy for steel surveillance specimens of a Mn–Mo–Ni low alloy high copper weld which were irradiated for 5.08 and 15.49 effective full power years in a commercial light water reactor (LWR), respectively. Their dose levels were in the range of 1.23 × 1019 to 3.94 × 1019 n/cm2. The resonance field of FMR signal increased as the neutron dose is increased. Linewidth (ΔH) increased predominantly in the neutron irradiation. In the complex susceptibility spectra, the initial permeability decreased and the relaxation frequency of the permeability μ″ shifted to higher frequencies with an increase of the dose levels. Both magnetic methods show consistent results with each other for the assessment of radiation embrittlement. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of the perpendicular component of write field on longitudinal magnetic recording
Authors: Kim K. S. , Lee C. E. , Lim S. H. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA micromagnetic simulation is carried out to examine the influence of the perpendicular component of the write field (Hz) on the longitudinal magnetic recording with the use of a write field relevant to a planar‐type head. The four different types of Hz with varying intensities are considered. Write bit patterns vary greatly depending on the magnitude of the perpendicular component and a smaller write field is required in the presence of a stronger perpendicular field component. These can be well explained by a significant reduction of the coercivity in the presence of the perpendicular field component. The present results emphasize that the perpendicular component of the write field has to be considered in the recording process in general and in the determination of optimum write field in particular. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The change of magnetic relaxation in neutron irradiated Ni–Cr–Mo steel
Authors: Park D. G. , Park Seung‐Sik , Chang Kee‐Ok , Hong Jun‐Hwa 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe change of the hysteresis loop and the permeability spectra due to neutron irradiation was investigated on broken Charpy specimens of A508 Class 2 pressure vessel steel weldments which were exposed to irradiation levels of 1.23 × 1019 n/cm2 and 3.94 × 1019 n/cm2. The saturation magnetization slightly decreased, but the coercivity increased by 16% in the 3.94 × 1019 n/cm2 irradiated sample. The permeability decreases with neutron dose, while the relaxation frequency increases. The behavior of permeability spectra due to neutron irradiation was explained by the equation of the damped harmonic motions. These results can be interpreted on the basis of a variation of the extent of domain wall pinning, as manifested in changes in the spring constant α, increasing with neutron dose. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adiabatic polaron transport in La0.9Pb0.1MnO3 manganites
Authors: Ulyanov A. N. , Quang H. D. , Vasundhara M. , Nguyen C. , Yu S. C. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA study of single‐phase La0.9Pb0.1MnO3 compositions is presented. The temperature dependence of the EPR line intensity and resistivity evidence a spin–lattice interaction in the paramagnetic region near the Curie point. In the high temperature region a spin–spin interaction is dominant. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cardinalities of reciprocal graphs
Authors: Mandal Bholanath , Banerjee Manas , Mukherjee Asok K. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractCardinalities of three classes of the recently investigated reciprocal graphs, viz. Ln + n(p), Cn + n(p), and K1,n−1 + n(p) have been shown to be given by two recurrence relations for the first two types and by an analytical formula for the third type. Application of these relations to calculate bond orders of some conjugated molecules has been shown. In the case of Cn + n(p) and Ln + n(p), both topological bond orders (TBO) and Hückel bond orders remain nearly independent of n. This has been explained by deriving expressions for TBOs in the form of continued fractions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Anharmonicity of a molecular oscillator
Authors: Komorowski Ludwik , Ordon Piotr 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe phenomenon of anharmonicity has been proved to be an effect of coupling between the change of nuclear positions in molecular vibrations (Q) and the electronic degrees of freedom as represented by the chemical potential (μ) at constant number of electrons (N). The coupling parameters have well‐founded meaning in the conceptual density functional theory (DFT), first approximations to their numerical values have recently become available. The effect of coupling between normal vibrational modes also appears to be the direct consequence of the electron‐nuclear coupling. To show the pure anharmonic effect, calculations for a collection of diatomic molecules have been presented. The anharmonicity, described in the present work as d3E/dQ3 ≠ 0, has been proved to be the intrinsic property of every oscillating molecular system. A small anharmonic contribution exists even for the “strong harmonic” oscillator, when for the force constant k both a = (∂k/∂Q)N = 0 and λ = (∂k/∂N)Q = 0. The latter derivative of the force constant appears to be primary factor determining the anharmonic property of a molecule. An estimate of its values has been provided from the experimental data on the anharmonicity of diatomic molecules. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
“Everything comes to an end”: An intuitive rule in physics and mathematics
Authors: Yair Yifat , Yair Yoav 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe present research deals with the perception of matter in young children, inquiring if it is perceived as discrete or continuous. It investigates the existence of the intuitive rule “everything can be divided in two” in elementary school children (K‐6) by using questions on the subdivision of mathematical and material objects. In addition, we included questions for studying students' conceptions of the particulate nature of matter, such as drawing of objects seen through “magic glasses” or describing the process of dissolving of sugar in water.The results show that an intuitive rule exists in elementary school children: “everything comes to an end,” meaning that subdivisions must eventually cease. This newly found rule seems to be less frequent as the children mature, parallel to an increase in the appearance of the intuitive rule “everything can be divided in two” and the emergence of the discrete concept of matter. An agglomeration of intuitive rules such as these can probably form the infrastructure for early explanatory frameworks. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 88:594–609, 2004
PET evaluation of novel radiofluorinated reboxetine analogs as norepinephrine transporter probes in the monkey brain
Authors: Schou Magnus , Halldin Christer , Sóvágó Judit , Pike Victor W. , Hall Håkan , Gulyás Balázs , Mozley P. David , Dobson David , Shchukin E. , Innis Robert B. , Farde Lars 
Published: May 2004

Abstract(S,S)‐2‐(α‐(2‐Fluoromethoxyphenoxy)benzyl)morpholine ((S,S)‐FMeNER) was found to be a selective high‐affinity ligand for the norepinephrine transporter (NET). (S,S)‐FMeNER) was labeled with fluorine‐18 (t1/2 = 109.8 min) by O‐fluoromethylation of desfluoromethoxy‐(S,S)‐FMeNER with [18F]bromofluoromethane. An analog, di‐deuterated in the fluoromethoxy group ((S,S)‐FMeNER‐D2), was similarly labeled with di‐deutero‐[18F]bromofluoromethane. These two new radioligands were obtained in radiochemical purities greater than 98% and with specific radioactivities ranging from 111–185 GBq/μmol at the end of synthesis (75 min). After intravenous injection of (S,S)‐[18F]FMeNER into cynomolgus monkey, PET examination with the head in the field of view revealed skull‐bound radioactivity, contaminating images of the brain, and indicated fast defluorination of the radioligand. Defluorination was much reduced in similar PET experiments with (S,S)‐[18F]FMeNER‐D2. Ratios of radioactivity in the lower brainstem, mesencephalon, thalamus, and temporal cortex to striatum obtained with (S,S)‐[18F]FMeNER‐D2 at 160 min after i.v. injection were 1.5, 1.6, 1.3, and 1.5, respectively. In another PET experiment, pretreatment of the monkey with the selective NET inhibitor, desipramine, decreased the radioactivity ratios in all examined regions to near unity (e.g., to a ratio of 1.03 in mesencephalon). Labeled metabolites of (S,S)‐[18F]FMeNER‐D2 or (S,S)‐[18F]FMeNER found in plasma were all more polar than the parent radioligand. In vitro autoradiography of (S,S)‐[18F]FMeNER‐D2 on post‐mortem human brain cryosections furthermore showed specific binding to NET in the locus coeruleus and thalamus. (S,S)‐[18F]FMeNER‐D2 is the first useful radiofluorinated ligand for imaging brain NET in monkey in vivo and is superior to (S,S)‐[11C]MeNER because a specific binding peak equilibrium is obtained during the PET experiment at a lower noise level. Synapse 53:57–67, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of parental and peer support in adolescents well‐being: a comparison of adolescents with and without a visual impairment
Authors: Kef Sabina , Deković Maja 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn the present study we examined the importance of parental and peer support for well‐being of adolescents with and without a visual impairment. The sample included 178 adolescents who are blind or visually impaired and 338 adolescents without visual impairments. Peer and parental support proved to be important for well‐being of both adolescents with a visual impairment and sighted adolescents. Whereas in the group of adolescents with a visual impairment, a positive linear relationship exists between peer support and well‐being, in the group of adolescents without an impairment well‐being appears not be affected by peer support. Parental support is more strongly related to well‐being of adolescents without impairments than of adolescents who are blind or visually impaired.
Cardiogenic shock shortly after initial success of cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Kanhai S.M. , Viergever E.P. , Bax J.J. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractCardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) has been shown to improve symptoms, exercise capacity and left ventricular function, as well as a reduction in morbidity/mortality in heart failure patients. Failures following initial success of this treatment are mostly related to lead dislodgement. Another entirely different reason is presented in this case study.
Nasal Ciliary Beat After Insertion of Septo‐Valvular Splints
Authors: Piatti G. , Scotti A. , Ambrosetti U. 
Published: May 2004

OBJECTIVEAt present, endonasal paraseptal splints are devices frequently employed in rhinosurgery. We evaluated the local tolerance of a newly shaped device, the Guastella/Mantovani splint (G/M‐SVS), with respect to the physiological mechanism of mucociliary clearance.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGThe study involved 20 patients who underwent septoplasty and/or turbinoplasty or other nasal surgical procedures. A sample of ciliated cells was obtained by nasal brushing and was examined ex vivo to determine the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and morphology, before and 15 days after surgery.RESULTSBefore surgery the mean CBF was 10.87 Hz ± 0.56 Hz and when splints were removed it was 10.25 Hz ± 1.9 Hz. Morphological evaluation of the ciliary motion after surgery demonstrated a normal, coordinated beat.CONCLUSIONSThe G/M‐SVS does not appear to interfere with the physiological mechanism of mucociliary clearance since CBF remain within a normal range.SIGNIFICANCEThis is the first study that demonstrates an optimal tolerability and safety of the septo‐valvular splints on nasal mucosa. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;130:558‐62.)