bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The outcome of pregnancy following untreated impaired glucose tolerance
Authors: Nasrat A.A. , Augensen K. , Abushal M. , Shalhoub J.T. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractObjective: To study the outcome of untreated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) during pregnancy. Methods: Two hundred twelve pregnant women with IGT and 212 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance. The main outcomes at delivery were mean gestation at delivery, incidence of preterm labor and induction of labor, modes of delivery, mean birthweight, mean Apgar score at 5 min, proportion of babies admitted to NICU, mean values of neonatal capillary blood glucose and hematocrit at 2 h of age. Results: The mean age and parity of women with IGT during pregnancy were higher than those in control women. Their babies were heavier and had lower neonatal capillary blood glucose and higher hematocrit concentration than controls. However, the proportion of babies with birthweight ≥ 2 S.D. above the mean, neonatal capillary blood glucose < 1.5 mmol/1 (28 mg/dl) or hematocrit ≥ 65% were equal in both groups. Conclusion: IGT, as defined by the World Health Organization, did not result in any adverse outcomes.
Adolescent attitudes to authority
Authors: Coleman John , Coleman Eva Zajicek 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study is concerned with adolescent attitudes to authority. In particular the investigation focuses on notions of the ideal authority figure, attitudes to the sorts of conflicts experienced at home and in school, and on the types of resolutions to conflicts preferred by young people. Subjects were 43 adolescents from working class areas in outer London boroughs, all of whom were given a semistructured interview. Results indicated important differences in the amount of control required at home and in the school, and showed adolescents of 14 and 15 to have relatively little need for autonomy but a very considerable need for support from parents and teachers.
The relationship between criminal conviction and interrogative suggestibility among delinquent boys
Authors: Gudjonsson Gisli H. , Singh Krishna K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between interrogative suggestibility, as measured by the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS), and number of previous convictions among 35 delinquent boys. The GSS measures two independent aspects of suggestibility. First, the extent to which subjects give in to suggestive questions. Second, the extent to which subjects give in to interpersonal pressure given in the form of critical feedback about test performance. The number of convictions were found to correlated negatively with the latter aspect of interrogative suggestibility, but not significantly with the former.
Curricula interventions for identity change: substantive and ethical considerations
Authors: Waterman Alan S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe rationale for school‐based curricula interventions to promote identity formation is based on the advantages of psychological functioning associated with use of the more sophisticated identity statuses and the opportunities available in school settings to create the conditions facilitating developmental movement in that direction. A variety of education strategies pertaining to identity development are described, along with their probable impacts upon various aspects of the processes involved in forming a sense of identity. Ethical considerations for both supporting and opposing identity‐related interventions are presented. Suggestions are offered as to how best to proceed when implementing identity‐related education curricula.
Strategies of self‐control in male young offenders who have reduced their alcohol consumption without formal intervention
Authors: McMurran Mary , Whitman Jessica 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFifty‐one imprisoned male young offenders who reported having stopped or reduced their alcohol consumption without formal intervention were studied to discover which self‐control strategies they used to help them change their drinking behaviour. Change was precipitated by adverse consequences of drinking, particularly crime and violence. The most commonly used strategies involve social change: finding alternative activities, avoiding heavy‐drinking friends, and avoiding situations where heavy drinking typically occurs. Next most frequently used strategies involve setting limits: restricting drinking time, expenditure on drink, and alcohol consumption. Finally, rate control, including beverage changes from stronger to weaker or non‐alcoholic drinks, is a commonly reported strategy. The implications for the design of intervention programmes are discussed.
Ethnic differences in self poisoning: a comparative study between an Asian and White adolescent group
Authors: Biswas Sheela 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA preliminary retrospective case note study is presented comparing various characteristics of self poisoning between a White and an Asian group of adolescents. A group of 38 Asian and 34 White adolescents of ages 17 years and below, was studied. The results showed that the sex ratio of both samples was similar. Also, “Culture Conflict” was implicated in slightly more of the Asian female self poisonings as compared to the males. Asian females used “non ingestants” significantly more than their White counterparts, and significantly more described their overdose as “accidental”. Significantly more White females were in care at the time of the overdose.
Secure accommodation for very difficult adolescents: some recent research findings
Authors: Bullock Roger , Hosie Kenneth , Little Michael , Millham Spencer 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe appropriate use of secure accommodation for very difficult adolescents continues to cause concern. Research in the 1970s highlighted the variety of young people admitted to secure units and the difficulties of fashioning treatment programmes. As a result, gate‐keeping and admission criteria have been tightened. Recent research has further clarified the needs and problems of young people in secure units and has highlighted the relationship between provision offered in child‐care, penal and health services. New research findings, particularly those arising out of studies of young people in Youth Treatment Centres, are discussed in the light of these issues.
Relations between young adults and their parents
Authors: Miller Judi Beinstein , Lane Mary 
Published: April 2004

AbstractYoung adults' relationships with mothers and fathers are compared in a survey of undergraduates. Both men and women report spending more time with mothers than fathers. They indicate receiving more positive treatment from mothers and experiencing more positive emotion and closeness with them than fathers. Correlations between perceptions of treatment and experience of emotion are moderately strong, as are those between treatment/emotion and intentions to model parents. Young adults express greater certainty in using mothers than fathers as models in childrearing, which is associated with experiencing more positive treatment and emotion with them. Since they report no more negative treatment from fathers than from mothers, their closer connections with mothers are probably due to a more positive dynamic with mothers rather than a negative dynamic with fathers. These results are consistent with previous findings that individuation and well‐being in adolescence are facilitated by close, positive relationships with parents rather than distancing ones.
Prophylaxis against prostaglandin‐induced gastrointestinal side effects
Authors: Fahmy Kamal 
Published: April 2004

AbstractProstaglandin F2α was administered by intravenous drip in 130 patients with missed, incomplete inevitable and septic abortion, intrauterine death and vesicular mole and for therapeutic termination of midtrimester pregnancies. In 84 patients (control group), no prophylactic antiemetic or antidiarrheal drugs were administered, while in 46 patients (study group), an antiemetic (prochlorperazine) and an antidiarrheal (diphenoxylate hydrochloride with atropine sulfate) drug were administered prophylactically before and during prostaglandin infusion. The incidence in vomiting and diarrhea was statistically much less in the study group (P < 0.0005 for vomiting and P < 0.005 for diarrhea). There was no statistically significant difference in the success rate of prostaglandin induction in the two groups (P > 0.05).
Investigations into the metabolism of human spermatozoa in relation to penetration capacity
Authors: Bernoth E. , Schiller S. , Glier C. , Donat H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractUsing a special chamber, the authors investigated the penetration capacity of spermatozoa of 120 sterile couples in both simple and crossed mucus penetration tests. Moreover, the glycolytic activity and the oxygen consumption of the ejaculates were biochemically determined in an artificial cervical mucus medium. A negative spermatozoan penetration was found to be associated with a markedly reduced aerobic glycolytic activity. It was for low‐motility spermatozoa that no penetration was observed in cervical mucus, if the aerobic glycolysis was diminished, but the respiratory activity enhanced. Comparative investigations into the penetration capacity of spermatozoa in an artificial cervical mucus medium permit the detection of causes of male sterility, which exhibit metabolic regulation disturbances of spermatozoa.
Real time ultrasonic evaluation of the fetal heart
Authors: Filkins Karen A. , Brown Thomas F. , Levine O. Robert 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA series of measurements of cardiothoracic ratios (C/T) at various gestational ages are reported. Thirty fetuses ranging from 16 to 36 weeks gestational age were studied using real time ultrasonography. The cardiothoracic ratio remained constant regardless of gestational age. A case report is presented in which a congenital heart malformation was detected in utero using real time ultrasonography, illustrating the value of these measurements in selected cases.
Vaginal morphology following hysterectomy
Authors: Jaszczak Stanislaw E. , Evans Tommy N. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study was designed to gain more information about morphology of the vagina after hysterectomy. The prospective clinical observations of patients subjected to abdominal or vaginal extrafascial or intrafascial hysterectomy with or without correction of anatomical urinary stress incontinence were included. The length, configuration and axis of the vagina were determined using a vaginal cast technic. Vaginal casts were prepared prior to and 6 months to 4 years after surgery.The gross appearance of the vagina after hysterectomy is affected by understanding normal pelvic anatomy and physiology, careful preoperative evaluation of pelvic defects, proper planning and competent performance of surgery. Proper handling of the endopelvic fascia and its condensations, the cardinal and sacrouterine ligaments, corrects preexisting weakness, provides vaginal suspension and prevents future vaginal disfigurement. Inadequate surgical technics result in magnifying preexisting weakness of pelvic supports. Successful surgery involves correcting the levator complex by reducing and shifting the levator hiatus ventrally. Reconstruction of the perineal body is essential.This study suggests a relationship between successful surgical treatment of urinary stress incontinence and reconstruction of pelvic supportive structures, with restoration of the physiological vaginal axis.
Serial monitoring of serum estradiol and progesterone levels during the HMG‐HCG therapy in six anovulatory women
Authors: Sakuragi Noriaki , Tanaka Toshinobu , Fujimoto Seiichiro , Ichinoe Kihyoe 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSerum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) levels were radioimmunoassayed every or every other day for monitoring the HMG‐HCG therapy in six anovulatory patients, and the clinical significance of measuring steroid hormones as precautionary counter‐plot against the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and multiple pregnancies was evaluated.Administration of HCG is recommended to trigger ovulation when serum E2 levels reach 400–600 pg/ml.Mean peak P level in 7–8 days after ovulation induced by HMG‐HCG was 22.9 ng/ml, which is significantly higher than P levels of the same period in spontaneous and clomiphene‐induced ovulations. This result suggests that there may occur multiple ovulations which result in multiple pregnancies in HMG‐HCG therapy.
The adolescent and contraception: Issues and controversies
Authors: Rosenfield Allan 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIssues relating to adolescent sexuality and high fertility in the U.S. are reviewed briefly. Similar issues in the developing world are discussed, with emphasis placed on the limited data on the subject currently available in most developing countries. The contraceptive options available for the sexually active teenager are presented, together with a discussion of the very difficult decisions and controversies that result from the lack of an ideal or even preferable method of contraception at present.
Blood group specific substances in saliva of patients with cervical carcinoma
Authors: Gupta Y.N. , Gupta Saroj , Sanyal B. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSecretion of blood group specific substances in saliva of 380 patients with carcinoma of the cervix was studied, along with age‐matched controls. The study shows that carcinoma of the uterine cervix is much more common in non‐secretors (55.0%) than in secretors (45.0%). Statistically, this difference was found to be highly significant (P < 0.001).
Clinical causes and classification of perinatal mortality in Lagos
Authors: Abudu O. , Akinkugbe A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPerinatal deaths in singleton births at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital during a 5‐year period were reviewed. Causes of deaths were classified into eight groups using a modified form of the Aberdeen classification. Perinatal mortality was high (42.5/1000 total births). The stillbirth rate was 32.5/1000 total births. The major causes of perinatal mortality were trauma (30.5%), low birth weight (23.9%), hemorrhage (13.7%), toxemia of pregnancy (10.3%) and mature, cause unknown (10%). Congenital malformation (4.3%) was not a major cause of perinatal deaths in this study.
High risk antenatal hospitalization
Authors: Phillippe Mark , Frigoletto Frederic D. , von Oeyen Paul , Acker David , Kitzmiller John L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractHigh risk, antenatal units have been established to provide highly sophisticated obstetric care for women with complications of pregnancy. In an effort to more precisely define the patients requiring this care, and to begin to document the benefits of antenatal hospitalization, a 2‐year prospective evaluation of the Antenatal Unit (AU) at the Brigham and Women's Hospital was performed. Between July 1, 1978 and June 30, 1980, 1488 consecutive patients were admitted to the AU. Demographic data, antenatal hospitalization time, hospitalization outcome, and delivery data were determined for these patients. Diabetes mellitus, premature labor, hypertensive disorders, premature rupture of the membranes, and late pregnancy bleeding disorders resulted in over 60% of the admissions. Follow‐up data demonstrated that among these 1488 patients admitted to the AU, there occurred 32 stillbirths (21.5/1000), 50 neonatal deaths (33.6/1000), and no maternal deaths. This study demonstrated that a broad spectrum of medical, surgical, and obstetric complications necessitate antenatal hospitalization, resulting in an overall perinatal survival rate of 95%.
Sterilization in Bangladesh: Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors
Authors: Rosenberg Michael J. , Rochat Roger W. , Akbar Jalaluddin , Gould Patrick , Khan Atiqur R. , Measham Anthony , Jabeen Suriya 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAlthough surgical sterilization in Bangladesh is common and has been designated as the primary means of helping the country slow its population growth, no reliable information exists regarding the procedure's safety. To define the types and rates of medical complications associated with sterilization, we followed 5042 women and 264 men undergoing sterilization. The problems that increased most markedly after the procedure compared with before included painful urination, shaking chills, fever for at least 2 days, and frequent urination. Most of the postoperative problems could be predicted by the presence of the same problem before the operation. Factor analysis of complaints in those persons who did not have a specific preoperative complaint showed that complaints clustered into three groups: urinary tract symptoms (urinary urgency and frequency), skin problems (bleeding from the incision, sore with pus, and stitches or skin breaking open), and general complaints (weakness and dizziness). The patient's sex, the sponsor and patient load of the sterilization center, and the dose of sedatives administered to women were significantly associated with specific postoperative complaints. Five women died during the study, resulting in a death‐to‐case rate of 9.9/10,000 procedures tubectomies; four deaths were due to respiratory arrest caused by oversedation.
Forearm blood flow in the normal menstrual cycle
Authors: Lehtovirta Pentti 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe peripheral hemodynamics of the normal menstrual cycle were investigated in twenty‐two healthy young women. The total blood flow in a segment of the forearm, as measured by plethysmography and local vascular resistance, were estimated both at rest and during postischemic reactive hyperemia in eight subjects. Resting cutaneous blood flow was measured in 14 subjects using 133Xe clearance method. No significant differences were observed between the results obtained in the pre‐ and postovulatory phases of the cycle.
Mycoplasma colonization in primate animal laboratories
Authors: Khatamee Masood A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe role of bacterial and protozoal infections in reproductive failure and fetal loss has been difficult to establish in humans. This study was done in 78 female primates to determine if ureaplasma urealyticum was present. The highest overall incidence of positive cultures (36.4%) occurred among the chimpanzees, who also had the highest number of breeders (i.e., sexually active females.) This suggests that the organisms may be transmitted sexually. An opportunity is now available to study the role of ureaplasma urealyticum in reproductive problems, to determine the exact nature of its pathogenicity.
Endocrine and clinical effects of estradiol and testosterone pellets used in long‐term replacement therapy
Authors: Kapetanakis E. , Dmowski W.P. , Auletta F. , Scommegna A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTen women with estrogen deficiency symptoms because of premature menopause [3], gonadal dysgenesis [3], or surgical menopause [4] received subcutaneous implants consisting of 25–75 mg estradiol (E2) with or without 75 mg testosterone (T). All had elevated plasma FSH, and LH, and low E2 prior to treatment. Plasma levels of FSH, LH, E2, T and estrone (E1) were measured by specific radioimmunoassay techniques prior to treatment, three times a week for the first week and once a week for up to 76 weeks after implantation.Mean plasma E2 levels rose abruptly and reached a maximum of 190 ± 35 pg/ml within 2 weeks. They fluctuated around 150 pg/ml for 46 weeks, then gradually declined, but remained above pretreatment values for more than 68 weeks. Plasma E1 increased to a lesser extent resulting in E2 : E1 ratio between 1 and 5. Elevated FSH and LH titers became suppressed within 4–6 weeks.The lowest average E2 increase occurred after 25 mg implant and was associated with incomplete FSH and LH suppression. There were no differences in maximal E2 levels reached after 50 mg or 75 mg implant, however, after 75 mg implant, E2 levels appeared less variable and were sustained for a longer period of time, averaging 125 pg/ml for 70 weeks.Plasma FSH and LH concentrations were suppressed below pretreatment levels in all patients. The degree of suppression was related to the dose of E2 implanted and, therefore, to plasma E2 levels. The FSH and LH suppression appeared more complete in women with gonadal dysgenesis than in those with premature or natural menopause.Plasma T rose abruptly to a peak mean level of 2.5 ± 1.6 ng/ml within 2 weeks of implantation. A precipitous and steady decline with return to preimplantation titers between 17th and 18th week were then observed. The E2 : E1 ratio during the first 18 weeks after implantation was significantly higher in women who received E2 implant alone than in those who received E2 + T implant. Clinically, all patients had symptomatic improvement within 24–48 hours. Regular withdrawal bleeding followed administration of oral progestogen for up to 76 weeks after implantation in six patients with intact uterus.
CIN and preclinical cervical carcinoma. A study of morbidity trends over a 10‐year period
Authors: Dietl Johannes , Semm Kurt , Hedderich Jürgen , Buchholz Fritz 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBetween 1971 and 1980 1312 cone biopsies were performed at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kiel. Comparing the two intervals from 1971 to 1975 and 1976 to 1980 the number of cases with dysplasia and Carcinoma in situ significantly rose in the last 5 years in patients 16–30 years of age. Amongst other reasons for this increase, on the basis of our investigation, the regular gynecological examination in combination with the prescription of the ovulation inhibitors seems to be responsible. The average age of patients (36–44 years) undergoing cone biopsy for the first time decreased in the period between 1971 and 1980 (approx. 8 years).The excision of carcinoma in situ in women under 30 years of age mostly showed margins free of pathological epithelium. With increasing age the cases of not free margins increased to 70%. For the hemostasis of the conization crater up to 1977, the conventional suture technique was applied, since 1977 cone coagulation probe according to Semm was used. In this group (1977–1980) treated with coagulation after cone biopsy, 45% of the cases with carcinoma in situ not free margins had histologically normal epithelium of the extirpated uterus. In patients with the desire for a child or in pregnant women a secondary coagulation of the wound crater is achieved to preserve the uterus.
Clinical implications of the unicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn
Authors: Heinonen Pentti K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTwenty patients with unicornuate uteri were unexpectedly found during operative procedures. Of these, 18 women had unicornuate uteri with concomitant rudimentary horn and only two were without. Suspicion of ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, or pelvic tumor, was most frequently the primary reason for admittance to hospital. Endometriosis (20%) was the most common finding in surgical procedures. Only one hematometra of the rudimentary horn was found. Two tubal pregnancies and two pregnancies in the rudimentary horn, one with rupture of the horn and one with placenta accreta in the horn, were observed. Treatment was the simple excision of the rudimentary horn in 12 cases. Fetal survival rate was 71%, prematurity 15%, and perinatal mortality 7.4% in 35 pregnancies and 27 deliveries. High incidence of breech presentation (33%) and cesarean section rate (30%) was observed. Two out of three pregnancies with cervical cerclage ended successfully. Of 15 pyelograms performed, nine (60%) showed abnormalities, the most frequently being the absence of a kidney.
Hypovolemic pregnant women and their risk determinants
Authors: Goodlin R.C. , Quaife M.A. , Smith J.J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAmong hypovolemic pregnant women there is a high risk of premature labor, fetal growth retardation, and/or hypertension. Arterial wave velocity was determined and Evan's blue disappearance rates measured in hypovolemic gravidas with complications. It appeared that those hypovolemic gravidas without increased cardiac performance are more likely to give birth prematurely, while those with increased cardiac performance and delayed in vivo mixing of Evan's blue dye develop hypertension.