bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers of cellular senescence and risk of death in humans
Authors: St. Sauver Jennifer L. , Weston Susan A. , Atkinson Elizabeth J. , Mc Gree Michaela E. , Mielke Michelle M. , White Thomas A. , Heeren Amanda A. , Olson Janet E. , Rocca Walter A. , Palmer Allyson K. , Cummings Steven R. , Fielding Roger A. , Bielinski Suzette J. , LeBrasseur Nathan K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA robust and heterogenous secretory phenotype is a core feature of most senescent cells. In addition to mediators of age‐related pathology, components of the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) have been studied as biomarkers of senescent cell burden and, in turn, biological age. Therefore, we hypothesized that circulating concentrations of candidate senescence biomarkers, including chemokines, cytokines, matrix remodeling proteins, and growth factors, could predict mortality in older adults. We assessed associations between plasma levels of 28 SASP proteins and risk of mortality over a median follow‐up of 6.3 years in 1923 patients 65 years of age or older with zero or one chronic condition at baseline. Overall, the five senescence biomarkers most strongly associated with an increased risk of death were GDF15, RAGE, VEGFA, PARC, and MMP2, after adjusting for age, sex, race, and the presence of one chronic condition. The combination of biomarkers and clinical and demographic covariates exhibited a significantly higher c‐statistic for risk of death (0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76–0.82) than the covariates alone (0.70, CI: 0.67–0.74) (p < 0.001). Collectively, these findings lend further support to biomarkers of cellular senescence as informative predictors of clinically important health outcomes in older adults, including death.
Problem‐solving of the cylinder, tile and lever tasks by wild animals in Dryandra National Park, Western Australia
Authors: Rowell Misha K. , Harrison Natasha 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProblem‐solving is an important ability that allows animals to overcome environmental challenges. As such, it is a useful measure of behavioural flexibility and could be beneficial for conservation work. However, there is currently little known about the solving abilities of many Australian species, despite the high threat of environmental degradation and loss that they face. We therefore measured the problem‐solving abilities of native Australian species living in the Dryandra National Park, Western Australia using food‐baited puzzles (cylinder task, tile task and lever task) placed in front of camera traps. We recorded 12 species on cameras, with 10 species interacting with at least one puzzle. Of these species, woylies and koomal solved all tasks across multiple sites and using multiple behaviours, suggesting that they may be capable of adapting to novel conditions or environments. We also recorded a chuditch solving the tile task at one site. Regardless of species and puzzle type, animals had a higher chance of solving puzzles with increasing interactions. Our results document the first occurrence of problem‐solving in woylies and chuditch, and highlight the potential for problem‐solving measures to be incorporated into conservation management.
Implications of Deglobalization on Energy and Carbon Neutrality in Asia and the Pacific Region
Authors: Arimura Toshi H. , Sugino Makoto 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThe IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C urged the world to move toward carbon neutrality (CN). Following the announcement by European countries of their CN target by 2050, Japan, South Korea, and the USA announced their CN targets by 2050. However, the Russian invasion of Ukraine has divided the world and drastically changed energy markets, including natural gas. Moreover, the EU is now implementing controversial policies on carbon border adjustment mechanisms which may impose a heavier burden on developing countries. This study discusses how global divisions may influence energy strategies and climate policy for various Asian countries.
Silvopastoral systems benefit invertebrate biodiversity on tropical livestock farms in Caquetá, Colombia
Authors: Kinneen Lois , Escobar María Paula , Hernandez Luis Miguel , Thompson Jill , Ramos‐Pastrana Yardany , Córdoba‐Suarez Eric , Romero‐Sanchez Miguel , Barnes Andrew , Quintero Marcela , Garratt Michael P. D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the Colombian Amazon, there has been long‐term and sustained loss of primary forest threatening biodiversity and climate change mitigation. Silvopastoral practices that integrate trees into livestock production could help address both local economic and wider environmental challenges.
We aimed to assess the effects of silvopastoral practices on invertebrate communities on smallholder farms in Caquetá, Colombia. Using sweep nets and malaise trapping, invertebrate communities were compared between traditional pasture, silvopasture and forest edge habitats.
Invertebrate communities collected using sweep nets were contrasting among habitat types, communities were significantly different between traditional pasture and forest edge habitats and diversity and evenness were greatest in forest edges compared to traditional pastures. It appears that silvopasture areas, by supporting similar invertebrate assemblages to both traditional pasture and forest edges, may be acting as an intermediate habitat.
When individual invertebrate orders were compared, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera were found in greater abundance in the forest edge habitats, while Hemiptera were more abundant in traditional pasture. Hemipterans are often pests of forage plants in pasture systems and these differences in abundance may have implications for ecosystem services and disservices.
Silvopastoral approaches cannot replace the unique biodiversity supported by native forests but could deliver benefits for invertebrate conservation and ecosystem services if integrated into landscapes.
Marijuana use disorder among adults with functional disabilities—A US population‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Xie Zhigang , Stallings‐Smith Sericea , Stetten Nichole , Hamadi Hanadi Y. , Marlow Nicole M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRecent studies suggest a growing trend in marijuana use, compared to a stable prevalence of marijuana use disorder among US adults over the first 15 years of the 21st century. This study investigated the recent patterns of marijuana use disorder among people with disabilities (PWD).MethodsWe extracted a nationally representative sample (N = 209,058) from the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data set and examined associations by functional disability status (any disability, disability by type, and number of disabling limitations) with marijuana use disorder using a series of independent multivariable logistic regression models. We also performed trend analyses during the study period.ResultsThe prevalence of marijuana use disorder (from 1.7% to 2.3%) increased significantly among PWD between 2015 and 2019 (p‐trend < .001). PWD were significantly more likely to report marijuana use disorder (odds ratio [OR], 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–1.52) than people without disability (PWoD). Those with cognitive limitation only (OR, 1.78, 95% CI, 1.53–2.06) and ≥2 limitations (OR, 1.29, 95% CI, 1.10–1.51) were more likely to report marijuana use disorder than PWoD.Discussion and ConclusionsPWD had a consistently higher prevalence of marijuana use disorder than PWoD. Additionally, the level of risk for marijuana use disorder varied by disability type and number of disabling limitations.Scientific SignificanceOur study provided new nuance on disparities in marijuana use disorder between PWD and PWoD and further revealed the varied risks for marijuana use disorder across different disability statuses.
Transforming aged care with virtual reality: How organisational culture impacts technology adoption and sustained uptake
Authors: Miller Evonne , Wilding Raelene , Baker Steven , Caldwell Glenda A. , Neves Barbara B. , Waycott Jenny 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesVirtual reality (VR) is not a common leisure activity in aged care, despite pilot studies demonstrating its value as a tool to combat inactivity and loneliness. This study investigated the organisational enablers and barriers to sustained uptake of VR among aged care staff and organisations, who may lack familiarity or confidence with the technology.MethodsCreative methods were adopted to co‐design and develop a VR implementation toolkit tailored specifically for aged care staff. Three aged care homes in South‐East Queensland participated, with 15 residents and seven staff engaging in up to four VR sessions facilitated by the research team. Participant observation of the VR sessions was complemented by interviews with aged care staff and residents.ResultsGuided by Normalisation Process Theory, a reflexive thematic analysis identified four key themes: (1) Positively Appreciating the VR Experience, (2) Staff VR Champions and the Importance of Personal Use and Experimentation with VR, (3) Management Support and (4) Technical Challenges.ConclusionsOur results indicate benefits and challenges of VR use in aged care, offering valuable insights into the factors that can lead to the long‐term success of VR‐based leisure activities for aged care. Providing time and resources for a VR champion to experiment and learn about the technology is critical. The development of an online implementation toolkit, based on our learning from this project, also provides aged care stakeholders with the evidence‐based resources needed to ensure the successful implementation of VR‐based leisure programs.
Different airborne particulates trigger distinct immune pathways leading to peanut allergy in a mouse model
Authors: Immormino Robert M. , Smeekens Johanna M. , Mathai Priscilla I. , Clough Katelyn M. , Nguyen Jackqueline T. , Ghio Andrew J. , Cook Donald N. , Kulis Michael D. , Moran Timothy P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundEnvironmental exposure to peanut through non‐oral routes is a risk factor for peanut allergy. Early‐life exposure to air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), is associated with sensitization to foods through unknown mechanisms. We investigated whether PM promotes sensitization to environmental peanut and the development of peanut allergy in a mouse model.MethodsC57BL/6J mice were co‐exposed to peanut and either urban particulate matter (UPM) or diesel exhaust particles (DEP) via the airways and assessed for peanut sensitization and development of anaphylaxis following peanut challenge. Peanut‐specific CD4+ T helper (Th) cell responses were characterized by flow cytometry and Th cytokine production. Mice lacking select innate immune signaling genes were used to study mechanisms of PM‐induced peanut allergy.ResultsAirway co‐exposure to peanut and either UPM‐ or DEP‐induced systemic sensitization to peanut and anaphylaxis following peanut challenge. Exposure to UPM or DEP triggered activation and migration of lung dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes and induction of peanut‐specific CD4+ Th cells. UPM‐ and DEP‐induced distinct Th responses, but both stimulated expansion of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells essential for peanut allergy development. MyD88 signaling was critical for UPM‐ and DEP‐induced peanut allergy, whereas TLR4 signaling was dispensable. DEP‐induced peanut allergy and Tfh‐cell differentiation depended on IL‐1 but not IL‐33 signaling, whereas neither cytokine alone was necessary for UPM‐mediated sensitization.ConclusionEnvironmental co‐exposure to peanut and PM induces peanut‐specific Tfh cells and peanut allergy in mice.
Vasovasostomy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis comparing macroscopic, microsurgical, and robot‐assisted microsurgical techniques
Authors: Seth Ishith , Gibson Damien , Bulloch Gabriella , Joseph Konrad , Cevik Jevan , Qin Kirby R. , Shahbaz Shekib , Rozen Warren M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and objectivesVasovasostomy is a cost‐effective procedure for the reversal of vasectomy. A water‐tight adequately blood‐supplied mucosal anastomosis is required for better outcomes. This review aimed to compare the outcome of vasovasostomy performed by three different techniques: macroscopic, pure microsurgical, and robot‐assisted microsurgical techniques.MethodsScopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases were searched for relevant studies from January 1901 to June 2023. We conducted our quantitative syntheses using the inverse variance method in OpenMeta software. The study's protocol was registered on PROSPERO.ResultsThis review involved 95 studies of different designs, with a total sample size of 48,132. The majority of operations were performed bilaterally, and participants were monitored for up to 10 years. The pooled patency rate was the highest following robot‐assisted vasovasostomy (94.4%), followed by pure microsurgical vasovasostomy (87.5%), and macroscopic vasovasostomy (83.7%). The pooled pregnancy rate following purely microsurgical vasovasostomy was higher than that of macroscopic vasovasostomy (47.4 vs. 43.7%). Definitive pregnancy rates in robotic vasovasostomy are yet to be determined.ConclusionPatency outcomes for vasovasostomy were best with robot‐assisted microsurgical technique, followed by pure microsurgical technique, and conventional macroscopic technique. Further investigations of robot‐assisted microsurgical vasovasostomy outcomes and randomized control trials are required to support this evidence.
Foregoing elective neck dissection for elderly patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tsur Nir , Yosefof Eyal , Dudkiewicz Dean , Edri Nofar , Stern Sagit , Shpitzer Thomas , Mizrachi Aviram , Najjar Esmat 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveElective neck dissection (END) improves outcomes among clinically node‐negative patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). However, END is of questionable value, considering the potentially higher comorbidities and operative risks in elderly patients.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients older than 65 years of age who were treated for OCSCC at a tertiary care centre between 2005 and 2020 was conducted.ResultsFifty‐three patients underwent primary tumour resection alone, and 71 had simultaneous END. Most primary tumours were located on the mobile tongue. The patients who did not undergo END had a higher mean age (81.2 vs. 75.1 years, P < 0.00001), significantly shorter surgeries, and shorter hospitalizations. Occult cervical metastases were found in 24% of the patients who underwent END. The two groups showed no significant differences in overall survival or recurrence rates. Similar results were shown in a subpopulation analysis of patients older than 75 years.ConclusionForegoing END in elderly patients with no clinical evidence of neck metastases did not result in lower survival rates or higher recurrence rates.
Retinal main vessel calibers and systemic markers for long‐term development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Dinesen Sebastian , Stokholm Lonny , Subhi Yousif , Henriksen Jan Erik , Savarimuthu Thiusius Rajeeth , Peto Tunde , Grauslund Jakob 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate if retinal vascular calibers and systemic risk factors in patients with no or minimal diabetic retinopathy (DR) can predict risk of long‐term progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).MethodsThis was a matched case–control study of patients with diabetes having no or minimal DR at baseline with (cases) or without (controls) subsequent development of PDR. We collected six‐field, 45‐degree retinal images, demographic and clinical data from the Funen Diabetes Database.ResultsWe included 52 eyes from 39 cases and 107 eyes from 89 controls matched on sex, age, type of diabetes, time from first to last screening episode and baseline DR level. Cases had higher HbA1c (73 vs. 55 mmoL/moL; p < 0.001), triglycerides (1.32 vs. 1.16 mmoL/L; p = 0.02) and longer duration of diabetes (19 vs. 14 years; p = 0.01), but the groups did not differ in calibers of retinal arterioles (229 vs. 227 μm; p = 0.49), venules (289 vs. 290 μm; p = 0.83) or the arterio‐to‐venule ratio (0.78 vs. 0.77; p = 0.86).In a multivariable logistic regression model with cluster robust standard error, HbA1c (OR 1.54 per 10 mmoL/moL; 95%‐CI: 1.15–2.07; p = 0.004), triglyceride (OR 1.39 per 1 mmoL/L; 95%‐CI: 1.03–1.86; p = 0.03) and duration of diabetes (OR 1.09 per year; 95%‐CI: 1.03–1.16; p = 0.003) were independent risk factors for PDR.ConclusionRetinal vascular calibers did not predict long‐term development of PDR in contrast to well‐established risk factors like HbA1c, triglyceride and duration of diabetes.
The permeation of loneliness into the workplace: An examination of robustness and persistence over time
Authors: Lowman Graham H. , Kessler Stacey R. , Pindek Shani 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe experience of loneliness has become ubiquitous in society today. However, despite the prevalence and considerable effects of loneliness, research on how this societal issue relates to the workplace remains limited. To address this shortcoming, we propose that loneliness is a permeating force that has a robust and persistent negative effect on employees' job satisfaction. We test our proposition using a nationally representative longitudinal sample of 627 Dutch employees surveyed each year between 2016 and 2018. Results of latent growth modeling indicate that loneliness is negatively related to job satisfaction, offering support for loneliness as a permeating force. Further, the effect of loneliness on job satisfaction remains significant despite controlling for well‐established predictors of job satisfaction found in the Jobs‐Demand Resource model (i.e., robustness) and has a significant influence on the trajectory of employees' job satisfaction over several years (i.e., persistence). On the basis of these results, we make the theoretical contribution of proposing that loneliness is a permeating force that infiltrates individuals' experiences at work. We further argue that the ramifications of loneliness on employees, and subsequently the organizations that employ them, are likely far more significant, sustained, and irrespective of work characteristics than previously understood.
Evidence‐based guidelines for intrapartum maternal hydration assessment and management: A scoping review
Authors: Kearney Lauren , Craswell Alison , Dick Nellie , Massey Debbie , Nugent Rachael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProblemInconsistent practice relating to intrapartum hydration assessment and management is reported, and potential harm exists for laboring women and birthing persons.BackgroundLabor and birth are physically demanding, and adequate nutrition and hydration are essential for labor progress. A lack of clear consensus on intrapartum hydration assessment and management during labor and birth currently exists. In addition, there is an inconsistent approach to managing hydration, often including a mixture of intravenous and oral fluids that are poorly monitored.AimThe aim of this scoping review was to identify and collate evidence‐based guidelines for intrapartum hydration assessment and management of maternal hydration during labor and birth.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched, in addition to professional college association websites. Inclusion criteria were intrapartum clinical guidelines in English, published in the last 10 years.FindingsDespite searching all appropriate databases in maternity care, we were unable to identify evidence‐based guidelines specific to hydration assessment and management, therefore resulting in an “empty review.” A subsequent review of general intrapartum care guidelines was undertaken. Our adapted review identified 12 guidelines, seven of which referenced the assessment and management of maternal hydration during labor and birth. Three guidelines recommend that “low‐risk” women in spontaneous labor at term should hold determination over what they ingest in labor. No recommendations with respect to assessment and management of hydration for women undergoing induction of labor were found.DiscussionDespite the increasing use of intravenous fluid as an adjunct to oral intake to maintain maternal intrapartum hydration, there is limited evidence and, subsequently, guidelines to determine best practice in this area. How hydration is assessed was also largely absent from general intrapartum care guidelines, further perpetuating potential clinical variation in this area.ConclusionThere is an absence of guidelines specific to the assessment and management of maternal hydration during labor and birth, despite its importance in ensuring labor progress and safe care.
Labor unit culture and attitudes toward supporting vaginal birth—The Swedish version of the labor culture survey (S‐LCS)—Psychometric properties
Authors: Ängeby Karin , VanGompel Emily White , Johansson Kari , Edqvist Malin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn order to evaluate interventions aimed at reducing cesarean births, care practitioners’ attitudes are important to measure. The Labor Culture Survey (LCS) is a scale that measures individual and unit attitudes towards supporting vaginal birth. As no equivalent scale exists in Sweden, the aim was to translate, adapt, and validate the LCS and to investigate whether there were differences in attitudes toward supporting vaginal birth between maternity care practitioners.MethodsA cross‐sectional study including midwives, physicians, and nurse assistants working with intrapartum care in five labor wards in Sweden. The original LCS was translated into Swedish, and six context‐specific items were developed for the Swedish setting (SLCS). The translation was tested for face validity. Psychometric analysis was conducted using exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis, parallel analysis, and principal axis factoring. Reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha. One‐way ANOVA and Tukey HSD were calculated to analyze differences in attitudes between professions on the subscales of the S‐LCS.ResultsA total of 539 midwives, physicians, and nurse assistants participated. The final S‐LCS showed a five‐factor solution with the following subscales: Best Practices to reduce cesarean overuse, Unpredictability of vaginal birth, Unit Microculture, Maternal Agency, and Organizational Oversight. Chronbach alpha values varied from 0.60 to 0.83. Midwives were more supportive towards vaginal birth and less fearful of potential consequences of vaginal birth compared with physicians.ConclusionsThe S‐LCS demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties for use in Swedish maternity care. Further work to improve the scale should include additional items reflecting the subscale Maternal Agency.