bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who cares? Tinkering with values in geriatric care by first-generation immigrant newcomers and established caregivers in a German residential home
Authors: Ham Anita 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA German residential home invited recently arrived refugees who were interested in working in geriatric care. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into how established caregivers and first-generation immigrant newcomers tinkered with values to enact care for people with dementia. This ethnographic study included 200 h of participant observations, 24 in-depth interviews, two focus-group interviews with six first-generation immigrants and six established staff members. The established caregivers and first-generation immigrant newcomers demonstrated a willingness and ability to tinker in situations when different values came into play. However, when the workload becomes too heavy, staff from both groups may experience feelings of powerless, indifferent and demotivation. Institutional constraints exert a negative influence on the interaction between established caregivers and first-generation immigrant newcomers and impact their enactment of care for geriatric residents with dementia. In such situations, it becomes crucial for staff to have a supportive supervisor who can help them cope with the daily stressors of their practice.
Visualization of antiferromagnetic domains by nonreciprocal directional dichroism and related optical responses
Authors: Kimura Kenta , Kimura Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2023

Nonreciprocal directional dichroism (NDD) is a phenomenon in which the optical absorption is changed by reversing the direction of light propagation or the sign of the magnetic order parameters. While the NDD has mostly been observed in materials with macroscopic magnetization, recent experiments have shown that the NDD can be induced by a specific antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin structure that breaks both space-inversion and time-reversal symmetries. This opens the possibility of visualizing the spatial distribution of AFM domains via the NDD effect. This article reviews the basic features of the NDD, a brief history of the NDD in AFM materials, and recent achievements in visualizing AFM domains via the NDD and related optical responses, and finally provides a perspective on applications of this method for future AFM spintronics research.
HfSe2: Unraveling the microscopic reason for experimental low mobility
Authors: Keshri Sonu Prasad , Pati Swapan K. , Medhi Amal 
Published: October 2023

Monolayer HfSe2, in the family of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), is a potential thermoelectric candidate due to its low thermal conductivity. While its mobility remains low as in other 2D TMDCs is inconceivable for electronic and thermoelectric applications. Earlier theoretical attempts have failed to give justification for the orders of low experimental mobility obtained for monolayer HfSe2. We calculate the carrier mobility in the framework of the density functional perturbation theory in conjunction with the Boltzmann transport equation and correctly ascertain the experimental value. We also calculate the carrier mobility with the previously employed method, the deformation potential (DP) model, to figure out the reason for its failure. We found that it is the strong electron-optical phonon interaction that is causing the low mobility. As the DP model does not account for the optical phonons, it overestimates the relaxation time by an order of two and also underestimates the temperature dependence of mobility. A strong polar type interaction is evidenced as a manifestation of a discontinuity in the first derivative of the optical-phonons at the K and Γ points as well as a dispersive optical phonon at the K point. We also included the spin–orbit coupling which leads to an energy splitting of ∼330 meV and significantly affects mobility and scattering rates.
Students’ confusions about the electric field of a uniformly moving charge
Authors: Žugec Petar , Horvatić Davor , Smolić Ivica 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In light of a recent direct experimental confirmation of a Lorentz contraction of Coulomb field (an electric field of a point charge in a uniform motion), we revisit some common confusions related to it, to be mindful of in teaching the subject. These include questions about the radial nature of the field, the role of the retardation effect due to a finite speed of information transfer and some issues related to a depiction of Coulomb field by means of the Lorentz contracted field lines.
An elementary approach to simulating the perihelion of Mercury
Authors: Williams Hollis 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The relativistic correction to the precession of the perihelion of Mercury provided key evidence for the accuracy of general relativity as a theory of gravity. This example still has a large amount of potential to introduce students to the power of numerical simulations in theoretical physics, but existing approaches may be too detailed for many students and involve them beginning to learn a programming language at the same time. In this article, we take a simpler approach which uses as little coding as possible. The equation for the orbit of a planet is solved with and without relativistic corrections. It is shown that there is precession of the perihelion in the relativistic case, whereas in the Newtonian case, the orbit does not rotate about the origin. Quantitative information is extracted on the precession of the perihelion of Mercury and shown to match with observations.
Simultaneous dual-wavelength digital holographic microscopy as a tool for the analysis of keratoacanthoma skin samples
Authors: Palacios-Ortega Natalith , Hernández-Montes María Del Socorro , Santoyo Fernando Mendoza , Flores-Moreno Mauricio , Ibarra Manuel de la Torre , Luis-Noriega Daniel , Méndez-Sashida Pedro G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A keratoacanthoma (KA) skin tumor is usually caused by sun exposure and may be an alert sign prior to the development of a more aggressive tumor or skin cancer. Studying the shape of the KA cells and their 3D rendering visualization are important parameters to prevent its evolution to higher stages of tumor cells or skin cancer. KA cells shape can be obtained through digital holographic microscopy; for that purpose, a setup with two illumination wavelengths (532 and 638 nm) is implemented to render a synthetic wavelength of 3.2 μm that avoids wrapping the optical phase of the processed holograms and increases measurement range. To recover the optical phase, two off-axis digital holograms are simultaneously recorded at each wavelength. From the processed hologram height variations, the shape and length of KA cells, as well as the stratum corneum epidermal layer, are obtained as phase images. The results achieved aid to discriminate healthy from malignant cells.
Electronic and magnetic properties of layered M3Si2Te6 (M = alkaline earth and transition metals)
Authors: Li Bowen , Bai Haoyun , Yu Zhichao , Li Yutong , Kwok Chi Tat , Feng Wenlin , Wang Shuangpeng , Ng Kar Wei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recently, a new layered material, Mn3Si2Te6, was identified to be a semiconductor with nodal-line topological property and ferrimagnetic ground state. In this work, we propose a series of structures, M3Si2Te6 (M = alkaline earth and transition metals), and systematically investigate their mechanical, magnetic and electronic properties, and the strain effect to enrich the family of the layered materials for practical applications. We find 13 stable M3Si2Te6, including 5 semiconductors (M = Ca, Sr, Fe, Ru and Os) and 8 metals (M = Sc, Ti, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W and Tc). Two structures (M = Ti and Cr) are antiferromagnetic (AFM), while other structures are non-magnetic (NM). Similar to Mn3Si2Te6, the AFM structures exhibit magnetic anisotropy energies (MAEs) and semiconductors have anisotropic electron effective masses. We further show that compressions along the z-axis can effectively tune the electronic and magnetic properties, such as the semiconductor-metal and NM-AFM transition in Fe3Si2Te6, the two-fold degeneracy of the valence band maximums in Sr3Si2Te6, as well as the reduced MAE for all magnetic structures. These results demonstrate the diverse properties of the layered M3Si2Te6 family and provide promising theoretical predictions for the future design of new layered materials.
An explainable deep learning approach for detection and isolation of sensor and machine faults in predictive maintenance paradigm
Authors: Sinha Aparna , Das Debanjan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The predictive health maintenance techniques identify the machine faults by analyzing the data collected by low-cost sensors assuming that sensors are free from any faults. However, aging and environmental condition cause sensors also be faulty, leading to incorrect interpretations of the collected data and subsequently resulting in erroneous machine health predictions. To mitigate this problem, this paper proposes a hybrid model that can differentiate between sensor and system faults. The data used for training the model is collected from a power system hardware setup by experimental procedures. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model is used to extract optimized features from the raw data automatically, which are then fed to the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model for sensor and machine fault isolation with an overall accuracy of 98.15%. The data having sensor fault was then fed to a deep autoencoder, which eliminated the sensor fault components and reconstructed the data with an average root mean square error of 0.0576. Thereafter, the corrected signal was used to detect the system fault using the hybrid CNN-XGBoost model with 99.77% accuracy. Therefore, by isolating the sensor faults, the proposed technique establishes better confidence in predictive maintenance. Further, explainable AI has been utilized to interpret the model prediction in human-understandable terms in order to increase trustworthiness.
Superconductivity of Li doped BSCCO mesoscopic fiber
Authors: Zeng Xian-Lin , Wiederhold Alex , Koblischka Michael R , Wang Di , Fawey Mohammed Hammad , Hartmann Uwe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Mesoscopic Li doped BSCCO fibres are synthesized by the electrospinning technology and the sequent sintering treatment. With the assistance of high resolution energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy detector in the Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, we discovered hidden CuO grains and separated Bi-2212 phases, which is proved by the existence of fishtail effect in the magnetization loops. The electric measurement is fulfilled via four probe method with the help of focus ion beam operation. A non-trivial resistance behaviour appears, which can be attributed to its polycrystalline and superconducting phase separation features.
The on-chip scanning probe with dual niobium nitride nanoscale superconducting quantum interference devices for magnetic imaging at the high temperature
Authors: Zhang Denghui , Pan Yinping , Wu Guangting , Yu Shujie , Zhong Xianghai , Wang Yue , Liu Xiaoyu , Wu Ling , Peng Wei , Zhang Lu , Chen Lei , Wang Zhen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscope is a powerful tool for investigating the microscale magnetic properties of quantum materials. However, the low operating temperature of SQUIDs limits the application of the microscope. In this work, we developed an on-chip probe with dual niobium nitride (NbN) nano-SQUIDs for scanning SQUID microscope. The working temperature of the NbN nano-SQUID on-chip probe was up to 8 K, and it enabled the magnetic imaging of samples at the temperature up to 128 K. We used a gradiometric readout scheme for dual nano-SQUIDs in one probe to reduce the influence of the background magnetic field. Furthermore, we demonstrated the capabilities of both topographic and current imaging by the on-chip probe with spatial resolutions of 1 μm and 2 μm, respectively. The advantage of the probe at the high temperature was also demonstrated by the investigation of the superconducting vortices distribution in the yttrium-barium-copper-oxide film.
Compressible two-dimensional turbulence: cascade reversal and sensitivity to imposed magnetic field
Authors: Fouxon Itzhak , Kritsuk Alexei G , Mond Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We study the impact of compressibility on two-dimensional turbulent flows, such as those modeling astrophysical disks. We demonstrate that the direction of cascade undergoes continuous transition as the Mach number Ma increases, from inverse at Ma = 0, to direct at

M
a
=
∞

. Thus, at

M
a
∼
1

comparable amounts of energy flow from the pumping scale to large and small scales, in accord with previous data. For supersonic turbulence with

M
a
≫
1

the cascade is direct, as in three dimensions, which results in multifractal density field. For that regime (

M
a
≫
1

) we derive a Kolmogorov-type law for potential forcing and obtain an explicit expression for the third order correlation tensor of the velocity. We further show that all third order structure functions are zero up to first order in the inertial range scales, which is in sharp contrast with incompressible turbulence where the third order structure function, that describes the energy flux associated with the energy cascade is non-zero. The properties of compressible turbulence have significant implications on the amplification of magnetic fields in conducting fluids. We thus demonstrate that imposing external magnetic field on compressible flows of conducting fluids allows to manipulate the flow producing possibly large changes even at small Mach numbers. Thus Zeldovich’s antidynamo theorem, by which at Ma = 0 the magnetic field is zero in the steady state, must be used with caution. Real flows have finite Ma and, however small it is, for large enough values of I, the magnetic flux through the disk, the magnetic field changes the flow appreciably, or rearranges it completely. This renders the limit Ma → 0 singular for non-zero values of I. Of particular interest is the effect of the density multifractality, at

M
a
≫
1

which is relevant for astrophysical disks. We demonstrate that in that regime, in the presence of non-zero I the magnetic field energy is enhanced by a large factor as compared to its estimates based on the mean field. Finally, based on the insights described above, we propose a novel two-dimensional Burgers’ turbulence, whose three-dimensional counterpart is used for studies of the large-scale structure of the Universe, as a model for supersonic two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic flows.
Possibility of using machine learning methods to reconstruct solid body parameters during laser-induced desorption analysis
Authors: Stepanenko A A , Kashin D A , Gasparyan Yu M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The possibility of using machine learning methods for solving the inverse problem of the laser-induced desorption quadrupole mass-spectrometry (LID-QMS) diagnostic is studied. The formulation of the problem is given, and a general scheme of its solution is proposed. A test model of gas transport in a solid body is considered, which is used to construct a database of gas transport parameters in the sample. The application of the synthetic data and machine learning methods, viz. the interpolation technique, the method of K nearest neighbors, and the neural networks, for solving the LID-QMS inverse problem is investigated. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed.
Beyond 3×2-point cosmology: the integrated shear and galaxy 3-point correlation functions
Authors: Halder Anik , Gong Zhengyangguang , Barreira Alexandre , Friedrich Oliver , Seitz Stella , Gruen Daniel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We present the integrated 3-point correlation functions (3PCF) involving both the cosmic shear and the galaxy density fields. These are a set of higher-order statistics that describe the modulation of local 2-point correlation functions (2PCF) by large-scale features in the fields, and which are easy to measure from galaxy imaging surveys. Based on previous works on the shear-only integrated 3PCF, we develop the theoretical framework for modelling 5 new statistics involving the galaxy field and its cross-correlations with cosmic shear. Using realistic galaxy and cosmic shear mocks from simulations, we determine the regime of validity of our models based on leading-order standard perturbation theory with an MCMC analysis that recovers unbiased constraints of the amplitude of fluctuations parameter A
s and the linear and quadratic galaxy bias parameters b
1 and b
2. Using Fisher matrix forecasts for a DES-Y3-like survey, relative to baseline analyses with conventional 3×2PCFs, we find that the addition of the shear-only integrated 3PCF can improve cosmological parameter constraints by 20–40%. The subsequent addition of the new statistics introduced in this paper can lead to further improvements of 10–20%, even when utilizing only conservatively large scales where the tree-level models are valid. Our results motivate future work on the galaxy and shear integrated 3PCFs, which offer a practical way to extend standard analyses based on 3×2PCFs to systematically probe the non-Gaussian information content of cosmic density fields.
Tailoring resonant magnetic perturbation to optimize fast-ion confinement during ELM control in KSTAR
Authors: Yang S.M. , Park J.-K. , Kim H.S. , Podesta M. , Kang J.S. , Rhee T. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
3D resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) is one promising way to control edge localized modes that can cause excessive material erosion of tokamak first walls. However, RMP can lead to undesired degradation of plasma confinement, including fast-particle losses, which can impact the performance and safety of the reactor. This work investigates the optimization of the poloidal spectrum of the 3D field to optimize fast ion confinement during edge localized mode (ELM) suppression. In the initial step, the validity of the modeling framework is tested against experimental data. Simulations successfully replicate an increase in poloidal limiter temperature with different poloidal spectra. Then, the simulation shows improvement of fast ion confinement with a reduction of core resonant response, while edge resonant magnetic fields are maintained above the threshold to sustain the ELM suppression. Reduction of the core resonant fields keeps the Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser surface and reduces the fast particle losses due to the stochastic magnetic field lines. The results highlight the potential of edge localization of the resonant fields to enhance the performance of fusion reactors, but further investigation is needed to improve the validation of this approach.
Electromagnetic load evaluating and optimizing approach of the blanket system during VDEs considering halo current
Authors: Lei Mingzhun , Liu Zhao , Wu Qigang , Liu Sumei , Wang Ming 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In most scenarios, the vertical displacement event (VDE) represents the most extreme electromagnetic (EM) event within the tokamak device. The significant EM loads experienced during this event have the potential to compromise the structural stability of in-vessel components. This study investigates the EM loads on the water-cooled ceramic breeder blanket system of China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) using finite element analysis methods in two characteristic events: hot-VDE and cold-VDE. The study discusses the EM load effects resulting from changes in magnetic flux and induced electromotive force, respectively, with a specific focus on halo currents. The results reveal that, with similar current quech time, the difference in EM load on the blanket system during the VDEs primarily depends on the halo currents. When the electrical connection of the back supporting structure (BSS) is open, the halo current path within the blanket system and vacuum vessel (VV) changes, and a substantial portion of the halo current in the blanket system is conducted to the VV via the BSS. Consequently, a portion of the EM load on the blankets and BSS is transferred to the VV due to the transfer of halo current. Inspired by this, the conceptual use of ‘shunts’ is proposed to provide a dedicated circuit for shunting halo currents away from critical device components, such as the VV and blankets. This approach allows for the sharing of EM loads caused by halo currents and reduces the threat posed by halo currents to the structural integrity of these essential components.
Interplay of degeneracy and non-degeneracy in fluctuation propagation in coherent feed-forward loop motif
Authors: Subhra Roy Tuhin , Nandi Mintu , Chaudhury Pinaki , Chattopadhyay Sudip , Banik Suman K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We present a stochastic framework to decipher fluctuation propagation in classes of coherent feed-forward loops (CFFLs). The systematic contribution of the direct (one-step) and indirect (two-step) pathways is considered to quantify fluctuations of the output node. We also consider both additive and multiplicative integration mechanisms of the two parallel pathways (one-step and two-step). Analytical expression of the output node’s coefficient of variation shows contributions of intrinsic, one-step, two-step, and cross-interaction in closed form. We observe a diverse range of degeneracy and non-degeneracy in each of the decomposed fluctuation terms and their contribution to the overall output fluctuations of each CFFL motif. The analysis of output fluctuations reveals a maximal level of fluctuations of the CFFL motif of type 1.
Ultra low background Micromegas detectors for BabyIAXO solar axion search
Authors: Ferrer-Ribas E. , Altenmüller K. , Biasuzzi B. , Castel J.F. , Cebrián S. , Dafni T. , Desch K. , Díez-Ibañez D. , Galán J. , Galindo J. , García J.A. , Giganon A. , Goblin C. , Irastorza I.G. , Kaminski J. , Luzón G. , Margalejo C. , Mirallas H. , Navick X.F. , Obis L. , Ortiz de Solórzano A. , von Oy J. , Papaevangelou T. , Pérez O. , Picatoste E. , Ruz J. , Schiffer T. , Schmidt S. , Segui L. , Vogel J.K. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The International AXion Observatory (IAXO) is a large scale axion helioscope that will look for axions and axion-like particles produced in the Sun with unprecedented sensitivity. BabyIAXO is an intermediate experimental stage that will be hosted at DESY (Germany) and that will test all IAXO subsystems serving as a prototype for IAXO but at the same time as a fully-fledged helioscope with potential for discovery.

One of the crucial components of the project is the ultra-low background X-ray detectors that will image the X-ray photons produced by axion conversion in the experiment. The baseline detection technology for this purpose are Micromegas (Microbulk) detectors. We will show the quest and the strategy to attain the very challenging levels of background targeted for BabyIAXO that need a multi-approach strategy coming from ground measurements, screening campaigns of components of the detector, underground measurements, background models, in-situ background measurements as well as powerful rejection algorithms. First results from the commissioning of the BabyIAXO prototype will be shown.