bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of the absorbed constituents and metabolites of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Fan Zhuoyu , Li Lele , Cui Yue , Tang Xinmiao , Shen Guanghai , Feng Bo , Guan Jiao , Zhu Heyun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHuangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction (HGWWD) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation for the treatment of ischemic stroke and diabetes peripheral neuropathy. However, the material basis for the efficacy of HGWWD remains unclear. In this study, a rapid, sensitive and selective ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–Q‐TOF–MS) method was developed to separate and identify the absorbed components and metabolites of HGWWD in rat plasma after oral administration for the first time. By comparing the retention time, high‐resolution mass spectrometry primary and secondary mass spectrometry data of blank plasma and drug‐containing plasma, a total of 42 constituents, including 24 prototype compounds and 18 metabolites, were identified or tentatively characterized. The results indicated that monoterpenes, flavonoids, organic acids, amino acids, gingerols and alkaloids were main prototype compounds in rat plasma, and flavonoid‐related metabolites, organic acid‐related metabolites and gingerol‐related metabolites were major metabolites. It is concluded the developed UHPLC–Q‐TOF–MS method with high sensitivity and resolution is suitable for identifying and characterizing the absorbed components and metabolites of HGWWD, and the results will provide important data for further study on the relationship between the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of HGWWD.
Cross‐cultural adaptation of Nepalese literacy and stigma of suicide scales (LOSS‐SF‐Nep and SOSS‐SF‐Nep) among Nepalese medical and nursing students
Authors: Gupta Anoop Krishna , Sharma Rakhi , Sah Ram Prakash , Sharma Subodh , Jha Ashish , Chapagai Manisha , Saeed Fahimeh , Shoib Sheikh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroduction: Nepal is a country in South‐east Asia with high suicide. There is ongoing trend of emerging research on suicide from Nepal but there is lack of validated scale in measuring literacy or stigma. In the view of poor media reporting and large treatment gap, this study was conducted. All previous validation studies were done in non‐Hindu populations.Methods: A cross‐sectional study was planned where the short forms of Nepalese literacy of suicide scale (LOSS‐SF‐Nep) and Stigma of Suicide Scale (SOSS‐SF‐Nep) were validated using standard procedure at a medical college in southern Nepal. Medical and nursing students of all batches were approached offline after successful pretesting. The psychometric properties of the scales were tested, and the statuses of literacy and stigma were assessed. Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 and General Anxiety Disorder Scale‐7 were used for revealing depression and generalized anxiety.Results: Three hundred and nineteen Nepalese students participated and most of them were males, belonged to nuclear family, upper‐middle socioeconomic status and represented 46 out of 77 districts of Nepal. The mean score of LOSS‐SF‐Nep was 6.36 ± 1.92 and literacy ranged from 37.9% to 89.7%. The deeper exposure to suicidal patients was associated with better literacy. Factor analysis of SOSS‐SF‐Nep revealed three subscales: stigmatization, isolation/depression, and normalization/glorification and had acceptable psychometric properties. Gender, occupation of head of the family, region and years of education, using mental health services, and depression were associated with variable literacy or stigma.Conclusion: Literacy and stigma scales were validated in Nepali, and SOSS factor structures were revealed with modified descriptors. The literacy and stigma levels in medical students were calculated for the first time in Nepal and Hindu majority population.
Four New Pentacyclic Triterpene Glycosides Isolated from the Fruits of Cryptolepis buchananii R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult and Their Inhibition of NO Production in LPS‐activated RAW264.7 Cells
Authors: Duc Duy Nguyen , Anh Bang Ngo , Hai Yen Pham , Thi Trang Do , Thi Nha Trang Bui , Thi Kim Thuy Nguyen , Thi Cuc Nguyen , Xuan Nhiem Nguyen , Van Kiem Phan , Khac Ban Ninh , Huu Tai Bui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFrom the methanol extract of the Cryptolepis buchananii fruits, four undescribed pentacyclic triterpenene glycosides (1–4) and five known pentacyclic triterpenenes (5–9) were isolated. Their structures were determined to be uncargenin C 28‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl ester (1), 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyluncargenin C 28‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl ester (2), 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐6β,23‐dihydroxyursolic acid 28‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl ester (3), 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosylasiatic acid 28‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl ester (4), asiatic acid (5), 2α,3β,23‐trihydroxyoleana‐11,13(18)‐dien‐28‐oic acid (6), arjunolic acid (7), 6β‐hydroxyarjunolic acid (8), and actinidic acid (9) based on analyses of their HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra. All the isolates showed significantly NO production inhibition in LPS‐activated RAW264.7 cells with the IC50 values ranging from 18.79 to 37.57 μM, compared to that of the positive control compound, dexamethasone, which showed IC50 value of 14.05 μM.
Physicochemical and functional properties of fermented pea and navy bean protein isolates
Authors: Khorsandi Azita , Stone Andrea K. , Shi Dai , Xu Caishuang , Das Prem P. , Lu Yuping , Rajagopalan Nandhakishore , Tanaka Takuji , Korber Darren R. , Nickerson Michael T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere has been a significant increase in the use of fermentation for protein modification by the food industry. This research aimed to investigate the use of solid‐state fermentation (SSF) by Aspergillus oryzae NRRL 5590 on pea and navy bean protein isolates (PPI and NBPI, respectively) to enhance their physicochemical and functional properties.FindingsThe impact of fermentation was more profound on PPI than NBPI with a higher degree of hydrolysis achieved for the former (9.3% vs. 4.4%). Fermented PPI had significantly increased protein content, surface charge and hydrophobicity, solubility, and foaming properties, but decreased emulsion stability. For NBPI, modifications were only observed for surface hydrophobicity and water hydration capacity (WHC), which both increased after fermentation. Overall, navy bean proteins were less susceptible to protein hydrolysis than pea proteins upon fermentation, possibly due to the phaseolin protein in navy bean.ConclusionsIn summary, fermentation may be used to enhance the solubility and foaming properties of PPI and WHC of NBPI for their use as ingredients in applications where such higher functionalities are favorable.Significance and NoveltyThe results provide insights into pulse protein modification by bioprocessing, specifically fermentation, and opportunities for potential value‐added applications for pea and navy bean proteins.
The endoscopic treatment of fourth ventricle outlet obstruction: Report of two children and systematic review
Authors: Mulhem Ali , Alsulaiman Abdul Masih , Hammersen Stefanie , Kantelhardt Sven 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessageFourth ventricle outlet obstruction (FVOO) is a rare cause of hydrocephalus. In the last century, the standard treatment was the suboccipital craniotomy with magendieplasty or ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP shunt). Since the beginning of the 21st century, the endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been considered a less invasive alternative. The medical literature lacks sufficient reports of FVOO cases and strong evidence about ETV's efficacy in treating this condition. We report two cases of FVOO treated with ETV and review published similar cases. Clinical and radiological findings of two FVOO cases with outcomes after ETV were presented. Moreover, we conducted a systematic review after protocol registration in PROSPERO (CRD42021281474). MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception till December 31, 2022. Studies were included if they reported cases of FVOO treated initially with ETV. Cases with Chiari malformation, Dandy‐Walker malformation, tuberous sclerosis, trapped fourth ventricle, or space‐occupying lesions were excluded. Two reviewers independently examined title/abstract records in the first stage and full‐text publications in the second for eligibility. The primary outcome was the recurrence rate, defined by the need for re‐ETV or other invasive treatments (e.g., VP shunt or magendieplasty). Other outcomes included clinical state at follow‐up and mortality. Two cases, a 3‐year‐old male and 3.5‐year‐old female, with FVOO, were treated with ETV in our department by the same neurosurgeon (SH) in 2013 and 2021. Both cases improved significantly after ETV, and there was no recurrence through the follow‐up. Besides the present cases, we found 57 other cases of FVOO treated with ETV reported in 17 studies between 2001 and 2021. The median age was 26 years, with an IQR from 2.4 to 59 years, and 56% of cases were females. The recurrence rate was 32% in the sample (19 out of 59), with a 95% CI from 21% to 46%. The median time to recure was 2 months with IQR from 1.25 to 26. A VP shunt was the treatment for recurrence in 68% and a re‐ETV in 32%. At the follow‐up (41 ± 29 months), only one case died, and one deteriorated clinically. FVOO is a rare cause of hydrocephalus encountered mainly in the first or sixth decades of life. ETV provides the first reasonable treatment. Despite the moderate recurrence rate, the outcomes are favorable.
Genetic depletion does not prevent rapid evolution in island‐introduced lizards
Authors: Sherpa Stéphanie , Paris Josephine R. , Silva‐Rocha Iolanda , Di Canio Viola , Carretero Miguel Angel , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Salvi Daniele 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExperimental introductions of species have provided some of the most tractable examples of rapid phenotypic changes, which may reflect plasticity, the impact of stochastic processes, or the action of natural selection. Yet to date, very few studies have investigated the neutral and potentially adaptive genetic impacts of experimental introductions. We dissect the role of these processes in shaping the population differentiation of wall lizards in three Croatian islands (Sušac, Pod Kopište, and Pod Mrčaru), including the islet of Pod Mrčaru, where experimentally introduced lizards underwent rapid (~30 generations) phenotypic changes associated with a shift from an insectivorous to a plant‐based diet. Using a genomic approach (~82,000 ddRAD loci), we confirmed a founder effect during introduction and very low neutral genetic differentiation between the introduced population and its source. However, genetic depletion did not prevent rapid population growth, as the introduced lizards exhibited population genetic signals of expansion and are known to have reached a high density. Our genome‐scan analysis identified just a handful of loci showing large allelic shifts between ecologically divergent populations. This low overall signal of selection suggests that the extreme phenotypic differences observed among populations are determined by a small number of large‐effect loci and/or that phenotypic plasticity plays a major role in phenotypic changes. Nonetheless, functional annotation of the outlier loci revealed some candidate genes relevant to diet‐induced adaptation, in agreement with the hypothesis of directional selection. Our study provides important insights on the evolutionary potential of bottlenecked populations in response to new selective pressures on short ecological timescales.
Biogeography and environmental preferences of Butia yatay (Mart.) Becc
Authors: Silva G. Carolina , Solís Neffa Viviana Griselda , Zuquim Gabriela , Balslev Henrik 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDuring the Quaternary, Chaco Phytogeographic Domain (Chaco) flora in subtropical South America experienced temperature and humidity fluctuations, primarily driven by wind dynamics, leading to significant shifts in species distribution. The palm Butia yatay is endemic to the Chaco and thrives in areas characterized by a warm–rainy climate and mostly restricted to sandy soils. To investigate the current geographic distribution of suitable habitat for B. yatay while assessing the significance of soil variables, we employed two distinct algorithms in species distribution modeling (SDM). We also determined whether the distribution of B. yatay has changed since the Pleistocene and whether these changes align with previously proposed Pleistocene refugia. In the present SDMs, we considered two separate sets of predictors, one set with bioclimatic variables only and the other set with bioclimatic topographic and soil variables. Additionally, we reconstructed the historical geographic distribution of suitable habitats using bioclimatic data. Our results suggested that the primary determinants of B. yatay's current distribution include precipitation and temperature of the driest month and soil cation exchange capacity. Incorporating soil variables affected the estimated size and range of suitable areas. Projections into the past indicated similar suitable habitat distributions during interglacial periods compared with the present. During the Last Glacial Maximum, climatically suitable habitat may have shifted northward, partially overlapping with previously suggested Pleistocene refugia located between the Paraná and Uruguay Rivers. These findings indicate the main factors driving the distribution and ecology of B. yatay and enhance understanding of subtropical flora shifts during the Quaternary. The approach also may prove valuable for other studies within the Chaco.
20th‐Century hurricanes leave long‐lasting legacies on tropical forest height and the abundance of a dominant wind‐resistant palm
Authors: Uriarte María , Tang Chengliang , Morton Douglas C. , Zimmerman Jess K. , Zheng Tian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProjected increases in hurricane intensity under a warming climate will have profound effects on many forest ecosystems. One key challenge is to disentangle the effects of wind damage from the myriad factors that influence forest structure and species distributions over large spatial scales. Here, we employ a novel machine learning framework with high‐resolution aerial photos, and LiDAR collected over 115 km2 of El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico to examine the effects of topographic exposure to two hurricanes, Hugo (1989) and Georges (1998), and several landscape‐scale environmental factors on the current forest height and abundance of a dominant, wind‐resistant species, the palm Prestoea acuminata var. montana. Model predictions show that the average density of the palm was 32% greater while the canopy height was 20% shorter in forests exposed to the two storms relative to unexposed areas. Our results demonstrate that hurricanes have lasting effects on forest canopy height and composition, suggesting the expected increase in hurricane severity with a warming climate will alter coastal forests in the North Atlantic.
Unexpected consequence of enterprise digital transformation on financial investments
Authors: Li Shiguang , Yang Zheng , Tian Yixiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDigital transformation provides new opportunities for companies, but also unexpected consequences. We quantify the firms’ level of digitalization using text analysis to examine whether digital transformation affects financial investment. The results conclude that digital transformation increases financial investment and our findings remain valid after robustness checks, indicating that digital transformation unexpectedly exacerbates the financialization problem of Chinese companies. We further discuss the motive and channels of corporate financialization under digital transformation. Our results show that digital transformation increases financial investment through financial surrogate intermediaries and higher return on financial assets. Therefore, managers should not ignore the potential negative effects during the process of digital transformation.
A continuous classification of the 476,697 lakes of the conterminous US based on geographic archetypes
Authors: Lapierre Jean‐Francois , Webster Katherine E. , Hanks Ephraim M. , Wagner Tyler , Soranno Patricia A. , McCullough Ian M. , Reinl Kaitlin L. , Domka Marcella , Lotting Noah R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA variety of classification approaches are used to facilitate understanding, prediction, monitoring, and the management of lakes. However, broad‐scale applicability of current approaches is limited by either the need for in situ lake data, incompatibilities among approaches, or a lack of empirical testing of approaches based on ex situ data. We developed a new geographic classification approach for 476,697 lakes ≥ 1 ha in the conterminous U.S. based on lake archetypes representing end members along gradients of multiple geographic features. We identified seven lake archetypes with distinct combinations of climate, hydrologic, geologic, topographic, and morphometric properties. Individual lakes were assigned weights for each of the seven archetypes such that groups of lakes with similar combinations of archetype weights tended to cluster spatially (although not strictly contiguous) and to have similar limnological properties (e.g., concentrations of nutrients, chlorophyll a (Chl a), and dissolved organic carbon). Further, archetype lake classification improved commonly measured limnological relationships (e.g., between nutrients and Chl a) compared to a global model; a discrete archetype classification slightly outperformed an ecoregion classification; and considering lakes as continuous mixtures of archetypes in a more complex model further improved fit. Overall, archetype classification of US lakes as continuous mixtures of geographic features improved understanding and prediction of lake responses to limnological drivers and should help researchers and managers better characterize and forecast lake states and responses to environmental change.
Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness and Impact Test Performance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites with Hematite and Goethite
Authors: Eken Taha Yasin , Kaykilarli Cantekin , Kucukelyas Burak , Tabakcioglu Mehmet Baris 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCarbon fibers (CFs) are versatile materials widely employed in carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites, known for their superior mechanical properties and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding capabilities. This study focuses on the successful production of 2‐layer CFRP composites reinforced with hematite (Fe2O3) particles, in two different sizes (≈44 µm (325 mesh) and 50 nm), and goethite (FeO(OH)), utilizing the hand lay‐up method. The investigation encompasses EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) within a frequency range of 700 to 6000 MHz, and the drop‐impact strength resistance properties (under a 6 J load). Results indicate that the highest EMI SE value, 60.19 dB at 5900 MHz, is achieved with 5 wt.% goethite reinforcements, while with a reduction in drop‐impact strength. For hematite‐reinforced composites, the highest EMI SE, measuring 57.85 dB at 5800 MHz, is observed for samples containing 15 wt.% hematite particles with a size of 50 nm, which exhibited an overall improvement in impact strength compared to non‐reinforced samples. This research highlights the potential of these CFRP composites for EMI shielding applications, with considerations for their impact on mechanical properties, providing valuable insights for applications demanding both EMI protection and structural integrity.
Textile Actuators Comprising Reduced Graphene Oxide as the Current Collector
Authors: Dutta Sujan , Mehraeen Shayan , Martinez Jose G. , Bashir Tariq , Persson Nils‐Krister , Jager Edwin W. H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectronic textiles (E‐textiles) are made using various materials including carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphene oxide. Among the materials here, e‐textiles are fabricated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coating on commercial textiles. rGO‐based yarns are prepared for e‐textiles by a simple dip coating method with subsequent non‐toxic reduction. To enhance the conductivity, the rGO yarns are coated with poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT) followed by electrochemical polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy) as the electromechanically active layer, resulting in textile actuators. The rGO‐based yarn actuators are characterized in terms of both isotonic displacement and isometric developed forces, as well as electron microscopy and resistance measurements. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that both viscose rotor spun (VR) and viscose multifilament (VM) yarns can be used for yarn actuators. The resulting VM‐based yarn actuators exhibit high strain (0.58%) in NaDBS electrolytes. These conducting yarns can also be integrated into textiles and fabrics of various forms to create smart e‐textiles and wearable devices.
Bio‐inspired synthesis of bio‐hydroxyapatite/synthetic hydroxyapatite hybrid nanosystems
Authors: Zubieta‐Otero Luis F. , Gomez‐Vazquez Omar M. , Correa‐Piña Brandon A. , Rodriguez‐Garcia Mario E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe current study focuses on the synthesizing of novel hybrid nanosystems of bio‐hydroxyapatite (BioHAp)/synthetic‐hydroxyapatite (HAp‐Syn). Bio‐HAp was defatted, deproteinized, and then sonicated to obtain nanoparticles (nBioHAp). Hybrid nanosystems (HNS) were synthesized by wet chemical precipitation using nBioHAp as nucleation sites and applying four different precipitation times of 45, 90, 135, and 180 min. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the patterns of the nBioHAp and HAp‐Syn samples have broadened diffraction peaks due to simultaneous elastic and inelastic scattering. Their crystallite size is about 25 nm, while the hybrid nanosystems have a size between 35 and 40 nm. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) revealed the main groups associated with hydroxyapatite (PO32−, OH−, and CO32−), and the nanometer character of the crystals was demonstrated by studying the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the spectra. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the differences between the morphologies of nBioHAp and HAp‐Syn. The shape of HNS resembled that of biogenic HAp, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to confirm the elemental composition of Mg, Na, K, and Zn as minority ions.