bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selbstheilung von Rissen in Beton‐ Kann man sich auf die Selbstheilung verlassen?
Authors: Edvardsen Carola 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungTragwerksplaner verwenden üblicherweise EN 1992‐3 “Silos und Behälterbauwerke aus Beton” für die Bemessung von wasserdichten Betonbauwerken (WU‐Bauteile) wie Kellern, Tunneln und Wasserbehältern, die einem einseitigen Wasserdruck ausgesetzt sind. EN 1992‐3 kann so interpretiert werden, dass bei wasserdichten Bauteilen undichte, durchgehende Risse (Trennrisse) zulässig sind. Konstrukteure glauben mir gutem Gewissen, dass je nach hydraulischem Gefälle durchgehende Risse zwischen 0,05 und 0,20 mm akzeptabel sind. Dies ist jedoch nur dann der Fall, wenn sich die durchgehenden Risse innerhalb kurzer Zeit effektiv heilen. Leider kommt es nicht immer zur Selbstheilung von Rissen, und die Stahlbetonkonstruktionen sind stark von ernsthafter Bewehrungskorrosion bedroht, die sogar die strukturelle Integrität gefährden kann, wenn keine anderen Gegenmaßnahmen (z. B. Injektionen) angewendet werden.Die Präsentation gibt einen Einblick in das Design von WU‐Bauteilen, die Selbstheilungsmechanismus von Rissen und die eigenen Erfahrungen der Referentin aus mehreren Projekten, bei denen das Verlassen auf die Selbstheilung von Rissen als Designannahme schwerwiegende Folgen für die Konstruktionen hatte, sowohl in Bezug auf die Dauerhaftigkeit als auch in Bezug auf die strukturelle Integrität.
The Impact of ortho‐substituents on Bonding in Silver(I) and Halogen(I) Complexes of 2‐Mono‐ and 2,6‐Disubstituted Pyridines: An In‐Depth Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Kumar Parveen , Rautiainen J. Mikko , Novotný Jan , Ward Jas S. , Marek Radek , Rissanen Kari , Puttreddy Rakesh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe coordination nature of 2‐mono‐ and 2,6‐disubstituted pyridines with electron‐withdrawing halogen and electron‐donating methyl groups for [N−X−N]+ (X=I, Br) complexations have been studied using 15N NMR, X‐ray crystallography, and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The 15N NMR chemical shifts reveal iodine(I) and bromine(I) prefer to form complexes with 2‐substituted pyridines and only 2,6‐dimethylpyridine. The crystalline halogen(I) complexes of 2‐substituted pyridines were characterized by using X‐ray diffraction analysis, but 2,6‐dihalopyridines were unable to form stable crystalline halogen(I) complexes due to the lower nucleophilicity of the pyridinic nitrogen. In contrast, the halogen(I) complexes of 2,6‐dimethylpyridine, which has a more basic nitrogen, are characterized by X‐crystallography, which complements the 15N NMR studies. DFT calculations reveal that the bond energies for iodine(I) complexes vary between −291 and −351 kJ mol−1 and for bromine between −370 and −427 kJ mol−1. The bond energies of halogen(I) complexes of 2‐halopyridines with more nucleophilic nitrogen are 66‐76 kJ mol−1 larger than those of analogous 2,6‐dihalopyridines with less nucleophilic nitrogen. The experimental and DFT results show that the electronic influence of ortho‐halogen substituents on pyridinic nitrogen leads to a completely different preference for the coordination bonding of halogen(I) ions, providing new insights into bonding in halogen(I) chemistry.
Towards Efficient Polymeric Binders for Transition Metal Oxides‐based Li‐ion Battery Cathodes
Authors: Li Changgong , Nie Shan , Li Hao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTransition metal oxide cathodes (TMOCs) such as LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 and LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 have been widely employed in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to superior operating voltages, high reversible capacities and relatively low cost. Nevertheless, despite significant advancements in practical application, TMOC‐based LIBs face great challenges such as transition metal dissolution and volume expansion during cycling, which jeopardizes the future advance of high‐voltage TMOCs. As a critical component of cathode, polymeric binder acts as a crucial part in maintaining the mechanical and ion/electron conductive integrity between active particles, carbon additives, and the aluminum collector, hence minimizing cathode pulverization during battery cycling. Moreover, Polymeric binder with specialized functions is thought to offer a new solution to enhancing the electrochemical stability of the TMOCs. Therefore, this review aims at providing a comprehensive summary of the ideal requirements, design strategies and recent progress of polymeric binders for TMOCs. Future design perspectives and promising research technologies for advanced binders for high‐voltage TMOCs are introduced.
Intermolecular 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of N‐Carbamoyl Nitrones Generated by N‐Selective Carbamoylation of Oximes with Isocyanates
Authors: Yamamoto Ayaka , Tanaka Kosaku , Hashimoto Yoshimitsu , Morita Nobuyoshi , Tamura Osamu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractN‐Selective carbamoylation reaction of oximes with isocyanates generates nitrones, which undergo 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with various dipolarophiles to afford diverse isoxazolidines. Notably, combinations of highly electron‐rich oxime and highly electron‐deficient dipolarophile exhibited high reactivity, with product yields of up to 94 %. The substituent on the isoxazolidine‐nitrogen atom could be successfully removed without loss of the cyclic structure. Computational studies have also elucidated the mechanism of the reaction and origin of stereoselectivity.
Effect of Hyperconjugation on Photovoltaic Performance in Pseduo‐2D Perylene Diimide Derivatives†
Authors: He Zhilong , Hong Yuwen , Li Guangyu , Shan Tong , Zhang Yi , Zhong Hongliang 
Published: December 2023

Comprehensive SummaryThe π‐π interaction is acknowledged as the predominant factor to determine the molecular packing in organic photovoltaic materials, while other non‐covalent intermolecular interactions especially the σ‐π hyperconjugation are often ignored. Herein, a perylene diimide (PDI) derivative named FIDT‐PDI is designed and synthesized to shed light into the effect of hyperconjugation on the molecular packing and further the photovoltaic performance. Dynamic NMR and 2D NOE NMR demonstrate the formation of intermolecular σ‐π hyperconjugation between the C—H bond of the PDI moiety in one molecule and the phenyl sidechain in another molecule of FIDT‐PDI. Benefiting from the σ‐π hyperconjugation, FIDT‐PDI with twisted backbone reversely exhibits more ordered packing and stronger crystallinity compared with another PDI derivative FIDTT‐PDI which has better planarity, consequently achieving superior PCE and higher carrier mobility. This contribution is the first paradigm to unravel the structure‐property relationship between σ‐π hyperconjugation of conjugated materials and corresponding photovoltaic performance.
Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorption Mechanism and Breakthrough Curves of Highly Stable Na‐, Na‐H‐, Ca‐ and K‐Mordenites
Authors: Villarreal Aline , Ramírez Jorge , Cuevas‐García Rogelio , Gutiérrez‐Alejandre Aída 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a hazardous gas found in natural gas and biogas, lethal over 100 ppm. When released into the atmosphere, it can turn into sulfur dioxide. One option to remove H2S is using porous materials such as zeolites. Among them, mordenite stands out due to its channel structure, wide availability, and low cost. In this work, we evaluated the H2S adsorption capacity of mordenite using a volumetric static method. The results show the adsorption capacity of H2S in mordenite varies with the exchanged cation. The highest was measured in Na‐mordenite (~4.08 mmol H2S/g mordenite). The experimental breakthrough curves for this zeolite confirmed Langmuir‐type adsorption and strong affinity between Na+ cations and H2S. Despite this interaction, the XRD diffractograms of Na‐mordenite show that the material retained its crystalline structure. More information about the differences in the amount of H2S adsorbed in the zeolites caused by the change in exchanged cation was obtained by H2S adsorption followed by FTIR spectroscopy. The spectra show differences in the position of the peaks related to the different adsorption modes of H2S caused by a change in the polarizing power of the cations due to their charge and position inside the zeolite pores.
Recent Advances in Laser‐Induced Graphene‐Based Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Jo Seung Geun , Ramkumar Rahul , Lee Jung Woo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLaser‐induced graphene (LIG) is a porous carbon nanomaterial that can be produced by irradiation of CO2 laser directly on the polymer substrate under ambient conditions. LIG has many merits over conventional graphene, such as simple and fast synthesis, tunable structure and composition, high surface area and porosity, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and good flexibility and stability. These properties make LIG a promising material for energy applications, such as supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells. In this review, we highlight the recent advances of LIG in energy materials, covering the fabrication methods, performance enhancement strategies, and device integration of LIG‐based electrodes and devices in the area of hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, zinc‐air batteries, and supercapacitors. This comprehensive review examines the potential of LIG for future sustainable and efficient energy material development, highlighting its versatility and multifunctionality in energy conversion.
Development and applications of the quasi‐dynamic triaxial apparatus for deep rocks
Authors: Luo Jinzhi , Cai Yanyan , Yu Jin , Zhang Jianzhi , Zhu Yaoliang , Wei Yao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe mechanical behaviors of deep rocks have always posed a challenge for the implementation and safe operation of major underground engineering projects. To this end, this study modified the existing mainstream rock mechanics instruments equipped with a dynamic disturbance loading system and developed a second‐generation TFD‐2000/D triaxial instrument. The first‐generation device is equipped with an independent disturbance system and an advanced EDC‐580 all‐digital servo controller, which can apply disturbing load independently, implement the function of cyclic disturbance, and combine dynamic and static disturbances. The instrument was found to be reliable for use in analyzing the damage process of rocks in the disturbance test of marbles. The second‐generation instrument tackles three limitations of the first‐generation instrument: (i) it upgrades the strain measurement system and uses extensometers with linear variable differential transformers to accurately measure deformation; (ii) it uses the self‐balanced chamber to replace the Hoek–Franklin triaxial cell and auto‐balancing triaxial pressure chamber; and (iii) the loading rod is independently equipped with an EDC‐580 all‐digital servo controller, which measures precise loads. The experimental findings confirmed that the second‐generation instrument can be used for rock mechanics testing under cyclic disturbance loading, the disturbance–stress relaxation cycle, and the creep–fatigue cycle. In this sense, the second‐generation instrument can be a useful addition to deep rock mechanical instruments and provide a valuable reference.
Dominant gingers – Discovery and inheritance of a new shell polymorphism in the great pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis
Authors: Ledder Matthijs , Nakadera Yumi , Staikou Alexandra , Koene Joris M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractColor polymorphism is a classic study system for evolutionary genetics. One of the most color‐polymorphic animal taxa is mollusks, but the investigation of the genetic basis of color determination is often hindered by their life history and the limited availability of genetic resources. Here, we report on the discovery of shell color polymorphism in a much‐used model species, the great pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. While their shell is usually beige, some individuals from a Greek population show a distinct red shell color, which we nicknamed Ginger. Moreover, we found that the inheritance fits simple, single‐locus Mendelian inheritance with dominance of the Ginger allele. We also compared crucial life‐history traits between Ginger and wild‐type individuals, and found no differences between morphs. We conclude that the relative simplicity of this polymorphism will provide new opportunities for a deeper understanding of the genetic basis of shell color polymorphism and its evolutionary origin.
Using eDNA for mammal inventories still needs naturalist expertise, a meta‐analysis
Authors: Van Leeuwen Pauline , Michaux Johan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDNA from the environment (eDNA) has been increasingly used as a new tool to conduct biodiversity assessment. Because of its noninvasive and less time‐consuming nature, many studies of recent years solely rely on this information to establish a species inventory. eDNA metabarcoding has been shown to be an efficient method in aquatic ecosystems, especially for fish. However, detection efficiency is not clear for mammals. Using the existing literature, we conducted a meta‐analysis to investigate if eDNA metabarcoding allows greater detection success compared to conventional surveys (such as field surveys, camera traps, etc.). Although only 28 articles were retrieved, showing the lack of comparative studies, still representing more than 900 taxa detected, we found that detection success was method dependent, but most importantly varies on the taxonomy of the targeted taxa. eDNA metabarcoding performed poorly for bats compared to the traditional mist nests. However, strong detection overlaps were found between conventional surveys and eDNA for large‐bodied mammals such as ungulates, primates, and carnivores. Overall, we argue that using both molecular and field approaches can complement each other and can maximize the most accurate biodiversity assessment and there is much room for metabarcoding optimization to reach their full potential compared to traditional surveys.
Abundance of Oligoflexales bacteria is associated with algal symbiont density, independent of thermal stress in Aiptasia anemones
Authors: Aguirre Emily G. , Fine Marissa J. , Kenkel Carly D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMany multicellular organisms, such as humans, plants, and invertebrates, depend on symbioses with microbes for metabolic cooperation and exchange. Reef‐building corals, an ecologically important order of invertebrates, are particularly vulnerable to environmental stress in part because of their nutritive symbiosis with dinoflagellate algae, and yet also benefit from these and other microbial associations. While coral microbiomes remain difficult to study because of their complexity, the anemone Aiptasia is emerging as a simplified model. Research has demonstrated co‐occurrences between microbiome composition and the abundance and type of algal symbionts in cnidarians. However, whether these patterns are the result of general stress‐induced shifts or depletions of algal‐associated bacteria remains unclear. Our study aimed to distinguish the effect of changes in symbiont density and thermal stress on the microbiome of symbiotic Aiptasia strain CC7 by comparing them with aposymbiotic anemones, depleted of their native symbiont, Symbiodinium linucheae. Our analysis indicated that overall thermal stress had the greatest impact on disrupting the microbiome. We found that three bacterial classes made up most of the relative abundance (60%–85%) in all samples, but the rare microbiome fluctuated between symbiotic states and following thermal stress. We also observed that S. linucheae density correlated with abundance of Oligoflexales, suggesting these bacteria may be primary symbionts of the dinoflagellate algae. The findings of this study help expand knowledge on prospective multipartite symbioses in the cnidarian holobiont and how they respond to environmental disturbance.
Development of the cholestosome, a novel delivery system made exclusively from cholesteryl esters
Authors: Mielnicki Lawrence , Hughes Julie , Schentag Jerome , Irving Mary , Monetti Victoria , Fraser MacArthur John , Cordone David , McCourt Mary 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA novel vesicular drug delivery system has been created using only cholesteryl esters. The uncharged nature of the esters requires a formulation process that uses energy, in the form of sonication, to facilitate the cholesteryl esters formation into vesicles. The nature of the material choices renders the vesicles resistant to pH degradation between a pH of 2 and 10. Storage condition at 4°C for 9 months shows a stability of encapsulated materials as well as vesicles. The formulation process is a modified reverse phase method in which the esters are dissolved in an organic solvent, which is then removed and the aqueous component is then added with sonication in a temperature‐controlled water bath. A wide variety of materials can be encapsulated in these vesicles, which are called cholestosomes. Delivery of the cholestosome‐encapsulated materials is a function of the ester component structure and not the encapsulated molecule. Once encapsulated, the vesicles deliver the materials into cells. The potential for oral availability was explored using chylomicrons. Successful delivery of the cholestosome encapsulated into chylomicrons has enhanced the effectiveness of delivery to cells. Analytical methods have been developed to analyze the materials chosen from the cholesteryl esters as well as the encapsulated materials.Practical Applications: The creation of the cholestosome vesicle opens up completely new areas for encapsulating and delivering materials. The cholesteryl ester structure that makes up the vesicles is impervious to pH and bile salts, making cholestosomes ideal for oral delivery of drugs, such as oral insulin. Intracellular delivery of cholestosome vesicles enables multiple applications, from killing latent infections to preventing viral replication (irrespective of the virus) and delivering nucleic acid therapeutics to cure genetic disease. These vesicles pass the blood–brain barrier and could be used for treatments of Alzheimer's and related neurodegenerative disease. Cholestosomes can also be used in cosmetic formulations as the vesicles pass the dermis. They even could be used in food applications as the materials are considered generally regarded as safe.
Advances and challenges in conventional and modern techniques for halal food authentication: A review
Authors: Usman Ifrah , Sana Saima , Afzaal Muhammad , Imran Ali , Saeed Farhan , Ahmed Aftab , Shah Yasir Abbas , Munir Muniba , Ateeq Huda , Afzal Atka , Azam Iqra , Ejaz Afaf , Nayik Gulzar Ahmad , Khan Mahbubar Rahman 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFood is one of the most necessary needs since human civilization. For Muslims, it is mandatory to consume halal food. From a halal authentication perspective, adulteration of food products is an emerging challenge worldwide. The demand for halal food consumption has resulted in an ever‐increasing need for halal product validity. In the market, there are several food products in which actual ingredients and their source are not mentioned on the label and cannot be observed by the naked eye. Commonly nonhalal items include pig derivatives like lard, pork, and gelatin derivatives, dead meats, alcohol, blood, and prohibited animals. Purposely, various conventional and modern methods offer precise approaches to ensure the halalness and wholesomeness of food products. Conventional methods are physiochemical (dielectric) and electrophoresis. At the same time, modern techniques include high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), electronic nose (E‐Nose), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. This review intends to give an extensive and updated overview of conventional and modern analytical methods for ensuring food halal authenticity.
Quercetin ameliorates Helicobacter pylori‐induced gastric epithelial cell injury by regulating specificity protein 1/lipocalin 2 axis in gastritis
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Zhou Xinxin , Hu Xin , Zheng Congru 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (HP) infection is the main cause of most cases of gastritis. Quercetin has been shown to have anti‐inflammatory, anti‐bacterial, and antiviral activities and has been demonstrated to be involved in HP‐induced gastric mucosa injury. Moreover, the secretory protein lipocalin‐2 (LCN2) was elevated in HP‐infected gastric mucosa. Thus, this work aimed to study the interaction between quercetin and LCN2 in HP‐triggered gastric injury during gastritis. Human gastric epithelial cell line GES‐1 cells were exposed to HP for functional experiments. Cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammation were evaluated by cell counting kit‐8, flow cytometry, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Levels of genes and proteins were tested using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analyses. The interaction between LCN2 and specificity protein 1 (SP1) was validated using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Thereafter, we found quercetin treatment suppressed HP‐induced GES‐1 cell apoptotic and inflammatory injury and macrophage M1 polarization. LCN2 was highly expressed in HP‐infected gastritis patients and HP‐infected GES‐1 cells, while quercetin reduced LCN2 expression in HP‐infected GES‐1 cells; moreover, LCN2 knockdown reversed HP‐induced GES‐1 cell injury and macrophage M1 polarization, and forced expression of LCN2 abolished the protective effects of quercetin on GES‐1 cells under HP infection. Mechanistically, SP1 bound to LCN2 promoter and promoted its transcription. Also, SP1 overexpression counteracted the functions of quercetin on HP‐stimulated GES‐1 cells. In all, quercetin ameliorated HP‐induced gastric epithelial cell apoptotic and inflammatory injuries, and macrophage M1 polarization via the SP1/LCN2 axis.