bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep apnoea syndrome prevalence in chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pisano Anna , Zoccali Carmine , Bolignano Davide , D'Arrigo Graziella , Mallamaci Francesca 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundSeveral studies have examined the frequency of sleep apnoea (SA) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), reporting different prevalence rates. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to define the clinical penetrance of SA in CKD and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients.MethodsOvid-MEDLINE and PubMed databases were explored up to 5 June 2023 to identify studies providing SA prevalence in CKD and ESKD patients assessed by different diagnostic methods, either sleep questionnaires or respiration monitoring equipment [such as polysomnography (PSG), type III portable monitors or other diagnostic tools]. Single-study data were pooled using the random-effects model. The Chi2 and Cochrane-I2 tests were used to assess the presence of heterogeneity, which was explored performing sensitivity and/or subgroup analyses.ResultsA cumulative analysis from 32 single-study data revealed a prevalence of SA of 57% [95% confidence interval (CI) 42%–71%] in the CKD population, whereas a prevalence of 49% (95% CI 47%–52%) was found pooling data from 91 studies in ESKD individuals. The prevalence of SA using instrumental sleep monitoring devices, including classical PSG and type III portable sleep monitors, was 62% (95% CI 52%–72%) and 56% (95% CI 42%–69%) in CKD and ESKD populations, respectively. Sleep questionnaires revealed a prevalence of 33% (95% CI 16%–49%) and 39% (95% CI 30%–49%).ConclusionsSA is commonly seen in both non-dialysis CKD and ESKD patients. Sleep-related questionnaires underestimated the presence of SA in this population. This emphasizes the need to use objective diagnostic tools to identify such a syndrome in kidney disease.
Functional mapping to reveal slow conduction and substrate progression in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Silva Garcia Etel , Lobo-Torres Ivan , Fernández-Armenta Juan , Penela Diego , Fernandez-Garcia Marcos , Gomez-Lopez Andrea , Soto-Iglesias David , Fernández-Rivero Rafael , Vazquez-Garcia Rafael , Acosta Juan , Bisbal Felipe , Cano-Calabria Lucas , Berruezo Antonio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
The aim of our study was to analyse the response to short-coupled atrial extrastimuli to identify areas of hidden slow conduction (HSC) and their relationship with the atrial fibrillation (AF) phenotype.

Methods and results
Twenty consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF and persistent AF (10:10) underwent the first pulmonary vein isolation procedure. Triple short-coupled extrastimuli were delivered in sinus rhythm (SR), and the evoked response was analysed: sites exhibiting double or highly fragmented electrograms (EGM) were defined as positive for HSC (HSC+). The delta of the duration of the bipolar EGM was analysed, and bipolar EGM duration maps were built. High-density maps were acquired using a multipolar catheter during AF, SR, and paced rhythm. Spatial co-localization of HSC+ and complex fractionated atrial EGMs (CFAE) during AF was evaluated. Persistent AF showed a higher number and percentage of HSC+ than paroxysmal AF (13.9% vs. 3.3%, P &lt; 0.001). The delta of EGM duration was 53 ± 22 ms for HSC+ compared with 13 ± 11 (10) ms in sites with negative HSC (HSC−) (P &lt; 0.001). The number and density of HSC+ were lower than CFAE during AF (19 vs. 56 per map, P &lt; 0.001). The reproducibility and distribution of HSC+ in repeated maps were superior to CFAE (P = 0.19 vs. P &lt; 0.001). Sites with negative and positive responses showed a similar bipolar voltage in the preceding sinus beat (1.65 ± 1.34 and 1.48 ± 1.47 mV, P = 0.12).

Conclusion
Functional mapping identifies more discrete and reproducible abnormal substrates than mapping during AF. The HSC+ sites in response to triple extrastimuli are more frequent in persistent AF than in paroxysmal AF.
“Everyone’s struggling right now”: Impact of COVID-19 on addressing food insecurity in rural primary care
Authors: Suresh Arvind , Jordanova Kayla E , Boardman Maureen B , Canavan Chelsey R , D’cruze Tiffany T , Dev Alka , Kennedy Meaghan A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Primary care practices can address food insecurity (FI) through routine screening, practice-based food programmes, and referrals to community resources. The COVID-19 pandemic had disproportionate impacts on health outcomes for food-insecure households.

Objective
To describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on FI screening and interventions in rural primary care practices in northern New England.

Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews with thirteen providers and staff regarding changes to FI screening and interventions, community resources and partnerships, and patient food needs during the pandemic. Themes and exemplar quotations were identified through iterative discussion.

Results
Practices reported more frequent informal discussions with patients about FI during the pandemic. Despite limitations in site operations, practices created programmes to distribute food at practice locations or through food deliveries. The adoption of telemedicine had variable impacts on FI screening, creating challenges for some while facilitating screening outside of scheduled visits for others. Practices reported increased food availability due to new or expanded community programmes, but lack of transportation and delivery availability were challenges. New and stronger connections formed between practices and community partners. Increased awareness of FI among both patients and practice staff resulted in decreased stigma.

Conclusion
Screening for and addressing FI was a priority for rural primary care practices during the pandemic. The implementation of practice-based FI interventions was supported by stronger practice-community connections and a decrease in stigma. The experiences of providers and staff during the pandemic provide insight into best practices for engaging primary care practices in reducing FI.
Transcript Isoform Diversity of Ampliconic Genes on the Y Chromosome of Great Apes
Authors: Tomaszkiewicz Marta , Sahlin Kristoffer , Medvedev Paul , Makova Kateryna D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Y chromosomal ampliconic genes (YAGs) are important for male fertility, as they encode proteins functioning in spermatogenesis. The variation in copy number and expression levels of these multicopy gene families has been studied in great apes; however, the diversity of splicing variants remains unexplored. Here, we deciphered the sequences of polyadenylated transcripts of all nine YAG families (BPY2, CDY, DAZ, HSFY, PRY, RBMY, TSPY, VCY, and XKRY) from testis samples of six great ape species (human, chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, Bornean orangutan, and Sumatran orangutan). To achieve this, we enriched YAG transcripts with capture probe hybridization and sequenced them with long (Pacific Biosciences) reads. Our analysis of this data set resulted in several findings. First, we observed evolutionarily conserved alternative splicing patterns for most YAG families except for BPY2 and PRY. Second, our results suggest that BPY2 transcripts and proteins originate from separate genomic regions in bonobo versus human, which is possibly facilitated by acquiring new promoters. Third, our analysis indicates that the PRY gene family, having the highest representation of noncoding transcripts, has been undergoing pseudogenization. Fourth, we have not detected signatures of selection in the five YAG families shared among great apes, even though we identified many species-specific protein-coding transcripts. Fifth, we predicted consensus disorder regions across most gene families and species, which could be used for future investigations of male infertility. Overall, our work illuminates the YAG isoform landscape and provides a genomic resource for future functional studies focusing on infertility phenotypes in humans and critically endangered great apes.
Reusable glycan microarrays using a microwave assisted wet-erase (MAWE) process
Authors: Mehta Akul Y , Tilton Catherine A , Muerner Lukas , von Gunten Stephan , Heimburg-Molinaro Jamie , Cummings Richard D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Modern studies on binding of proteins to glycans commonly involve the use of synthetic glycans and their derivatives in which a small amount of the material is covalently printed onto a functionalized slide in a glycan microarray format. While incredibly useful to explore binding interactions with many types of samples, the common techniques involve drying the slides, which leads to irreversible association of the protein to the spots on slides to which they bound, thus limiting a microarray to a single use. We have developed a new technique which we term Microwave Assisted Wet-Erase (MAWE) glycan microarrays. In this approach we image the slides under wet conditions to acquire the data, after which the slides are cleaned of binding proteins by treatment with a denaturing SDS solution along with microwave treatment. Slides cleaned in this way can be reused multiple times, and an example here shows the reuse of a single array 15 times. We also demonstrate that this method can be used for a single-array per slide or multi-array per slide platforms. Importantly, the results obtained using this technique for a variety of lectins sequentially applied to a single array, are concordant to those obtained via the classical dry approaches on multiple slides. We also demonstrate that MAWE can be used for different types of samples, such as serum for antibody binding, and whole cells, such as yeast. This technique will greatly conserve precious glycans and prolong the use of existing and new glycan microarrays.
Criteria for the procedural fairness of health financing decisions: a scoping review
Authors: Dale Elina , Peacocke Elizabeth F , Movik Espen , Voorhoeve Alex , Ottersen Trygve , Kurowski Christoph , Evans David B , Norheim Ole Frithjof , Gopinathan Unni 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Due to constraints on institutional capacity and financial resources, the road to universal health coverage (UHC) involves difficult policy choices. To assist with these choices, scholars and policy makers have done extensive work on criteria to assess the substantive fairness of health financing policies: their impact on the distribution of rights, duties, benefits and burdens on the path towards UHC. However, less attention has been paid to the procedural fairness of health financing decisions. The Accountability for Reasonableness Framework (A4R), which is widely applied to assess procedural fairness, has primarily been used in priority-setting for purchasing decisions, with revenue mobilization and pooling receiving limited attention. Furthermore, the sufficiency of the A4R framework’s four criteria (publicity, relevance, revisions and appeals, and enforcement) has been questioned. Moreover, research in political theory and public administration (including deliberative democracy), public finance, environmental management, psychology, and health financing has examined the key features of procedural fairness, but these insights have not been synthesized into a comprehensive set of criteria for fair decision-making processes in health financing. A systematic study of how these criteria have been applied in decision-making situations related to health financing and in other areas is also lacking. This paper addresses these gaps through a scoping review. It argues that the literature across many disciplines can be synthesized into 10 core criteria with common philosophical foundations. These go beyond A4R and encompass equality, impartiality, consistency over time, reason-giving, transparency, accuracy of information, participation, inclusiveness, revisability and enforcement. These criteria can be used to evaluate and guide decision-making processes for financing UHC across different country income levels and health financing arrangements. The review also presents examples of how these criteria have been applied to decisions in health financing and other sectors.
Polar Stars: Toward an Epistemological Understanding of Security Constellations and the Arctic Case
Authors: Fakhoury Renato 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The reemergence of great power competition, seen most significantly in the tension over Taiwan between the People’s Republic of China and the United States and in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, has sparked interest in the Arctic literature on whether and how great power competition might be emerging in the region. State-centric frameworks have emerged as the primary analytical frameworks within this burgeoning literature. While they offer important insights, the dynamics of security in the region make state-based appraisals limited. Because the Arctic region is a frontier, normative structures upon which state-centric paradigms are predicated—such as state sovereignty—hold less sway than in more traditional arenas of great power competition. As a result, a range of subnational and supranational actors and organizations play a more significant role in terms of security processes and outcomes. Thus, a more comprehensive model of security analysis is needed to understand the drivers of security in the Artic region. To that end, in this article, I analyze the main securitizing moves in the Arctic region, arguing that they incorporate different levels of analysis and present broad degrees of comprehensiveness. I turn to security constellation theory, hitherto a relatively underdeveloped approach that nonetheless offers the potential to accommodate the multifaceted security dynamics of the region.
Characterization of exogenous lactate addition on the growth, photosynthetic performance, and biochemical composition of four bait microalgae strains
Authors: Duan Jiawen , Li Chenhui , Zheng Yimeng , Huang Aiyou , Xie Zhenyu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
To quickly obtain the biomass of bait microalgae with high value-added products, researchers have examined the influence of biochemical and environmental factors on the growth rates and biochemical composition of microalgae. Previous studies have shown that lactate plays an important role in metabolic regulation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous lactate on the growth rates, photosynthetic efficiency, and biochemical composition of four commonly used bait microalgae in aquaculture.

Methods and results
The optical density of the algal cultures at specific time points, YII, Fv/Fm, and the total lipid, protein, soluble sugar, insoluble sugar, chlorophyll a, and carotenoid content of P. tricornutum, Isochrysis galbana (I. galbana), Chaetoceros muelleri, and Cylindrotheca fusiformis were determined. In I. galbana, the growth rate was enhanced with the addition of lactate, even though higher concentrations of lactate were associated with a decrease in YII and Fv/Fm. In general, the total lipid content of these microalgal strains increased gradually in a concentration-dependent manner over the range of lactate concentrations. In addition, higher concentrations of lactate also induced significant changes in the total soluble and insoluble sugar levels in all microalgal strains. However, chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents increased at lower but decreased at higher concentrations of lactate in all microalgal strains. The total protein content was significantly elevated at all concentrations of lactate in P. tricornutum, whereas there were no significant differences in that of C. fusiformis.

Conclusions
Lactate effective influences in the growth, metabolism, and synthesis of important biochemical components in the four microalgal strains under investigation.
Philosophical silences: race, gender, disability, and philosophical practice
Authors: Wilson Robert A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Who is recognized as a philosopher and what counts as philosophy influence both the content of a philosophical education and academic philosophy’s continuing demographic skew. The ‘philosophical who’ and the ‘philosophical what’ themselves are a partial function of matters that have been passed over in collective silence, even if that now feels to some like a silence belonging to the distant past. This paper discusses some philosophical silences regarding race, gender, and disability in the context of reflection on philosophical education and on philosophical practice in the public sphere. It focusses on Charles Mills’ writings on race, Susan Babbitt’s on race and gender, and on more collaboratively generated work on eugenics and disability.
Dectin-2 is critical for phagocyte function and resistance to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in mice
Authors: Cardoso-Miguel Mariana de Resende Damas , Bürgel Pedro Henrique , de Castro Raffael Júnio Araújo , Marina Clara Luna , de Oliveira Stephan Alberto , Albuquerque Patrícia , Silva-Pereira Ildinete , Bocca Anamélia Lorenzetti , Tavares Aldo Henrique 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors, particularly C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), are essential for phagocytes to sense invading fungal cells. Among CLRs, Dectin-2 (encoded by Clec4n) plays a critical role in the antifungal immune response as it recognizes high-mannose polysaccharides on the fungal cell wall, triggering phagocyte functional activities and ultimately determining adaptive responses. Here, we assessed the role of Dectin-2 on the course of primary Paracoccidioides brasiliensis systemic infection in mice with Dectin-2-targeted deletion. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis constitutes the principal etiologic agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, the most prominent invasive mycosis in Latin American countries. The deficiency of Dectin-2 resulted in shortened survival rates, high lung fungal burden, and increased lung pathology in mice infected with P. brasiliensis. Consistently, dendritic cells (DCs) from mice lacking Dectin-2 infected ex vivo with P. brasiliensis showed impaired secretion of several proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. Additionally, when cocultured with splenic lymphocytes, DCs were less efficient in promoting a type 1 cytokine pattern secretion (i.e., IFN-γ). In macrophages, Dectin-2-mediated signaling was required to ensure phagocytosis and fungicidal activity associated with nitric oxide production. Overall, Dectin-2-mediated signaling is critical to promote host protection against P. brasiliensis infection, and its exploitation might lead to the development of new vaccines and immunotherapeutic approaches.
In-plane tidal disruption of stars in discs of active galactic nuclei
Authors: Ryu Taeho , McKernan Barry , Ford K E Saavik , Cantiello Matteo , Graham Matthew , Stern Daniel , Leigh Nathan W C 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Stars embedded in active galactic nucleus (AGN) discs or captured by them may scatter onto the supermassive black hole (SMBH), leading to a tidal disruption event (TDE). Using the moving-mesh hydrodynamics simulations with arepo, we investigate the dependence of debris properties in in-plane TDEs in AGN discs on the disc density and the orientation of stellar orbits relative to the disc gas (pro- and retro-grade). Key findings are: (1) Debris experiences continuous perturbations from the disc gas, which can result in significant and continuous changes in debris energy and angular momentum compared to ‘naked’ TDEs. (2) Above a critical density of a disc around an SMBH with mass M• [ρcrit ∼ 10−8 g cm−3 (M•/106 M⊙)−2.5] for retrograde stars, both bound and unbound debris is fully mixed into the disc. The density threshold for no bound debris return, inhibiting the accretion component of TDEs, is $\rho _{\rm crit,bound} \sim 10^{-9}{\rm g~cm^{-3}}(M_{\bullet }/10^{6}\, {\rm M}_{\odot })^{-2.5}$. (3) Observationally, AGN-TDEs transition from resembling naked TDEs in the limit of ρdisc ≲ 10−2ρcrit,bound to fully muffled TDEs with associated inner disc state changes at ρdisc ≳ ρcrit,bound, with a superposition of AGN + TDE in between. Stellar or remnant passages themselves can significantly perturb the inner disc. This can lead to an immediate X-ray signature and optically detectable inner disc state changes, potentially contributing to the changing-look AGN phenomenon. (4) Debris mixing can enrich the average disc metallicity over time if the star’s metallicity exceeds that of the disc gas. We point out that signatures of AGN-TDEs may be found in large AGN surveys.
The first fireworks: A roadmap to Population III stars during the epoch of reionization through pair-instability supernovae
Authors: Venditti Alessandra , Bromm Volker , Finkelstein Steven L , Graziani Luca , Schneider Raffaella 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
With the launch of JWST and other scheduled missions aimed at probing the distant universe, we are entering a new promising era for high-z astronomy. One of our main goals is the detection of the first population of stars (Population III or Pop III stars), and models suggest that Pop III star formation is allowed well into the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), rendering this an attainable achievement. In this paper, we focus on our chance of detecting massive Pop IIIs at the moment of their death as Pair-Instability Supernovae (PISNe). We estimate the probability of discovering PISNe during the EoR in galaxies with different stellar masses (7.5 ≤ Log(M⋆/M⊙) ≤ 10.5) from six dustyGadget simulations of 50 h−1 cMpc per side. We further assess the expected number of PISNe in surveys with JWST/NIRCam and Roman/WFI. On average, less than one PISN is expected in all examined JWST fields at z ≃ 8 with Δz = 1, and O(1) PISN may be found in a ∼1 deg2 Roman field in the best-case scenario, although different assumptions on the Pop III IMF and/or Pop III star formation efficiency can decrease this number substantially. Including the contribution from unresolved low-mass haloes holds the potential for increased discoveries. JWST/NIRCam and Roman/WFI allow the detection of massive-progenitor (∼250 M⊙) PISNe throughout all the optimal F200W-F356W, F277W-F444W, and F158-F213 colours. PISNe are also pre-dominantly located at the outskirts of their hosting haloes, facilitating the disentangling of underlying stellar emission thanks to the spatial-resolution capabilities of the instruments.
Cosmology from large populations of galaxy–galaxy strong gravitational lenses
Authors: Li Tian , Collett Thomas E , Krawczyk Coleman M , Enzi Wolfgang 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a forecast analysis on the feasibility of measuring the cosmological parameters with a large number of galaxy–galaxy scale strong gravitational lensing systems. Future wide-area surveys like Euclid and 4MOST are expected to discover and measure the properties of more than 10 000 strong lensing systems. We develop a hierarchical model that can simultaneously constrain the lens population and cosmological parameters by combining Einstein radius measurements with stellar dynamical mass estimates for every lens. Marginalizing over the lens density profiles and stellar orbital anisotropies, we find that w can be constrained, at 68 per cent confidence, to a precision of 0.11 with 10 000 galaxy–galaxy lens systems, which would be better than any existing single-probe constraint. We test our method on 161 existing lenses from various surveys (LSD, SL2S, SLACS, and S4TM), finding w = −0.96 ± 0.46. We also show how to mitigate against the potential systematic of redshift evolution in the mean lens density profile of the population.