bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary nerve grafting: A study of revascularization
Authors: Chalfoun Charbel , Scholz Thomas , Cole Matthew D. , Steward Earl , Vanderkam Victoria , Evans Gregory R.D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIt was the purpose of this study to evaluate the revascularization of primary nerve repair and grafts using orthogonal polarization spectral (OPS) (Cytometrix, Inc.) imaging, a novel method for real‐time evaluation of microcirculatory blood flow. Twenty male Sprague Dawley rats (250 g) were anesthetized with vaporized halothane and surgically prepared for common peroneal nerve resection. Group I animals (n = 10) underwent primary neurorraphy following transection, utilizing a microsurgical technique with 10‐0 nylon suture. Group II (n = 10) animals had a 7‐mm segment of nerve excised, reversed, and subsequently replaced as a nerve graft under similar techniques. All animals were evaluated using the OPS imaging system on three portions (proximal, transection site/graft, and distal) of the nerve following repair or grafting. Reevaluation of 5 animals randomly selected from each group using the OPS imaging system was again performed on days 14 and 28 following microsurgical repair/grafting. Values were determined by percent change in vascularity of the common peroneal nerve at 0 hr following surgery. Real‐time evaluation of blood flow was utilized as an additional objective criterion. Percent vascularity in group I and II animals increased from baseline in all segments at day 14. By day 28, vascularity in nerves of group I rats decreased in all segments to values below baseline, with the exception of the transection site, which remained at a higher value than obtained directly after surgical repair. In group II animals, vascularity remained above baseline in all segments except the distal segment, which returned to vascularity levels similar to those at 0 hr. Further, occlusion of the vessels demonstrated in the graft and distal segments following initial transection appeared to be corrected. This study suggests that revascularization may occur via bidirectional inosculation with favored proximal vascular growth advancement. The use of real‐time imaging offers a unique evaluation of tissues through emerging technologies. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:60–65 2003
Non‐linear stability and convection for laminar flows in a porous medium with Brinkman law
Authors: Lombardo S. , Mulone G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe non‐linear stability of plane parallel shear flows in an incompressible homogeneous fluid heated from below and saturating a porous medium is studied by the Lyapunov direct method.In the Oberbeck–Boussinesq–Brinkman (OBB) scheme, if the inertial terms are negligible, as it is widely assumed in literature, we find global non‐linear exponential stability (GNES) independent of the Reynolds number R. However, if these terms are retained, we find a restriction on R (depending on the inertial convective coefficient) both for a homogeneous fluid and a mixture heated and salted from below. In the case of a mixture, when the normalized porosity ε is equal to one, the laminar flows are GNES for small R and for heat Rayleigh numbers less than the critical Rayleigh numbers obtained for the motionless state. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A well‐posed problem for electromagnetic media with quadrupoles
Authors: Bosello Carlo Alberto , Nibbi Roberta 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a non‐local electromagnetic medium for which the quadrupole term in the electric induction is not negligible. After giving an outline of the physical model, the problem of Maxwell equations for such a medium is addressed by proving existence and uniqueness of solutions and a principle of constrained minimum is shown to hold as a consequence of some thermodynamical restrictions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The auto‐correlation equation on the finite interval
Authors: Von Wolfersdorf L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractApplying the Fourier cosine transformation, the quadratic auto‐correlation equation on the finite interval [0,T] of the positive real half‐axis ℝ+ is reduced to a problem for the modulus of the finite complex Fourier transform of the solution. From the solutions of this problem L2‐solutions of the auto‐correlation equation are obtained in closed form. Moreover, as in the case of the equation on ℝ+ a Lavrent'ev regularization procedure for the auto‐correlation equation is suggested. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scattering by a side‐rounded rectangular iris in rectangular waveguides
Authors: Jiang Zhihua , Shen Zhongxiang 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a formally exact mode‐matching analysis of scattering by a side‐rounded rectangular iris in rectangular waveguides. The complete set of modes in a rectangular waveguide with rounded sides is used in the mode‐matching formulation for the junction between a small side‐rounded rectangular waveguide and a large rectangular waveguide, based on the plane wave series expansion of Bessel function. Numerical results for the scattering parameters of a rectangular waveguide loaded with a side‐rounded rectangular iris are presented and compared with measurements. Excellent agreement is observed in all the cases considered. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 118–121, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10841
Dispersion properties of photonic crystal fibers
Authors: Sinha R. K. , Varshney Shailendra K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe dispersion properties of silica‐based photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are analyzed to obtain: (i) zero dispersion at any wavelength, (ii) nearly zero ultraflattened dispersion, and (iii) a very high negative chromatic dispersion for various designs of PCFs. The influence of normalized air hole size on zero dispersion wavelength is also reported. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 129–132, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10845
A two‐step calibration technique for measuring S‐parameters of transitional structures
Authors: Li Chao , Shen Zhongxiang , Law Choi Look 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA new two‐step calibration technique to directly measure the scattering parameters of asymmetrical transitional structures is proposed in this article. This technique conducts two calibrations, each one of them for one type of the transition's two ports, and two error boxes associated with the transition measurement system can then be obtained, with which the transition's raw measured data can be corrected. Experimental studies have verified the validity of the formulation and the accuracy of the two‐step calibration technique. The technique can be extensively used to measure the scattering parameters of transitional structures without resorting to constructing back‐to‐back test fixtures. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 132–135, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10846
Increments for 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts in areneboronic acids
Authors: Bruns Stefan , Sinnwell Volker , Voss Jürgen 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA series of areneboronic acids were studied by NMR spectroscopy. Increments for the 1H and 13C chemical shifts caused by the boronic acid substituent B(OH)2 in areneboronic acids were determined. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete 1H and 13C assignments of some epipodophyllotoxin derivatives
Authors: No Zaesung , Lee Sueg‐Geun 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe complete analyses of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the ortho ester analogues of etoposide are reported and differentiation of the α and β isomers of these derivatives is suggested by using the γ‐gauche effect upon the 13C chemical shift. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two approaches to measure amplitude changes of the sensory nerve action potential over a length of nerve
Authors: van Aken Stefan F.J. , van Dijk J. Gert 
Published: March 2003

AbstractChanges in amplitude of sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) over a length of nerve have not been used for diagnostic purposes. We measured such changes for median and ulnar nerves in 25 healthy subjects in two ways. The multiple‐stimulation method involved three stimulation sites (palm, wrist, elbow) and one recording site on a finger. The multiple‐recording method involved stimulation at the wrist and simultaneous recording from two adjacent sites on a finger. Percentile changes in amplitude could be measured in all subjects for the median nerve, but not for the ulnar nerve due to submaximal stimulation in the palm. For the median nerve, the multiple‐recording method resulted in a mean amplitude change of 79% ± 13%, whereas comparison of wrist to palm stimulation in the multiple‐stimulus method resulted in a change of 73% ± 10%. These values are high enough to encourage study into practical applications of such methods in detecting peripheral nerve disease. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 27: 297–301, 2003
Water‐immersion wrinkling is due to vasoconstriction
Authors: Wilder‐Smith Einar P.V. , Chow Adeline 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe underlying mechanism of the water‐immersion skin wrinkling test, which is used as a test of sympathetic nerve function, remains elusive. We investigated changes of blood circulation in the hand occurring with water‐immersion wrinkling by measuring the velocity of ulnar and digital artery blood flow, and of digit skin blood flow, in healthy subjects before and during wrinkling. Wrinkling was accompanied by significant reduction in blood flow velocity in all vessels, with a maximum in digital vessels. Our data show that water‐immersion wrinkling is a function of digit pulp vasoconstriction. This test of sympathetic function can now be quantified using parameters of blood flow velocity, enabling its more widespread and accurate use. Muscle Nerve 27: 307–311, 2003
Analysis of a finite‐buffer bulk‐service queue with discrete‐Markovian arrival process: D‐MAP/Ga,b/1/N
Authors: Chaudhry M.L. , Gupta U.C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDiscrete‐time queues with D‐MAP arrival process are more useful in modeling and performance analysis of telecommunication networks based on the ATM environment. This paper analyzes a finite‐buffer discrete‐time queue with general bulk‐service rule, wherein the arrival process is D‐MAP and service times are arbitrarily and independently distributed. The distributions of buffer contents at various epochs (departure, random, and prearrival) have been obtained using imbedded Markov chain and supplementary variable methods. Finally, some performance measures such as loss probability and average delay are discussed. Numerical results are also presented in some cases. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 345–363, 2003.
Using Lagrangean relaxation to minimize the weighted number of late jobs on a single machine
Authors: Dauzère‐Pérès Stéphane , Sevaux Marc 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper tackles the general single machine scheduling problem, where jobs have different release and due dates and the objective is to minimize the weighted number of late jobs. The notion of master sequence is first introduced, i.e., a sequence that contains at least an optimal sequence of jobs on time. This master sequence is used to derive an original mixed‐integer linear programming formulation. By relaxing some constraints, a Lagrangean relaxation algorithm is designed which gives both lower and upper bounds. The special case where jobs have equal weights is analyzed. Computational results are presented and, although the duality gap becomes larger with the number of jobs, it is possible to solve problems of more than 100 jobs. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 2003
Threshold optimization for weighted voting classifiers
Authors: Levitin G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWeighted voting classifiers considered in this paper consist of N units each providing individual classification decisions. The entire system output is based on tallying the weighted votes for each decision and choosing the one which has total support weight exceeding a certain threshold. Each individual unit may abstain from voting. The entire system may also abstain from voting if no decision support weight exceeds the threshold. Existing methods of evaluating the reliability of weighted voting systems can be applied to limited special cases of these systems and impose some restrictions on their parameters. In this paper a universal generating function method is suggested which allows the reliability of weighted voting classifiers to be exactly evaluated without imposing constraints on unit weights. Based on this method, the classifier reliability is determined as a function of a threshold factor, and a procedure is suggested for finding the threshold which minimizes the cost of damage caused by classifier failures (misclassification and abstention may have different price.) Dynamic and static threshold voting rules are considered and compared. A method of analyzing the influence of units' availability on the entire classifier reliability is suggested, and illustrative examples are presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 322–344, 2003.
When is model complexity too much? Illustrating the benefits of simple models with Hughes' salvo equations
Authors: Lucas Thomas W. , McGunnigle John E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe simulations that many defense analysts rely upon in their studies continue to grow in size and complexity. This paper contrasts the guidance that the authors have received—from some of the giants of military operations research—with the current practice. In particular, the analytic utility of Hughes' simple salvo equations is compared with that of the complex Joint Warfighting System (JWARS), with respect to JWARS' key performance parameters. The comparison suggests that a family of analytic tools supports the best analyses. It follows that smaller, more agile, and transparent models, such as Hughes' salvo equations, are underutilized in defense analyses. We believe that these models should receive more attention, use, and funding. To illustrate this point, this paper uses two very simple models (by modern standards) to rapidly generate insights on the value of information relative to force strength. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2003
Dendritic morphology is altered in hippocampal neurons following prenatal compromise
Authors: Dieni Sandra , Rees Sandra 
Published: March 2003

AbstractChronic placental insufficiency (CPI), a known cause of intrauterine growth restriction, can lead to structural alterations in the developing brain that might underlie postnatal neurological deficits. We have previously demonstrated significant reductions in the volumes of hippocampal neuropil layers in fetal guinea pig brains following experimentally induced growth restriction. To determine the components of the neuropil affected in the brains of growth restricted (GR) fetuses, the dendritic morphology of CA1 pyramidal neurons and dentate granule cells was examined. CPI was induced by unilateral uterine artery ligation in pregnant guinea pigs at midgestation (term ≈67days). Hippocampi from control and GR fetuses were stained using the Rapid Golgi technique and the growth and branching of the dendritic arbors were quantified using the Sholl method. In addition, the density of dendritic spines was determined on the apical arbors of each population. In GR brains (n = 7) compared to controls (n = 7), there was a reduction in dendritic elongation (p < 0.005) and an alteration in the branch point distribution in CA1 basal arbors, and a reduction both in the outgrowth (p < 0.05) and branch point number (p < 0.05) of CA1 apical arbors. Dentate granule cells from GR brains also demonstrated reduced dendritic outgrowth (p < 0.05). There was an increase in dendritic spine density in both neuronal populations; this might be due either to altered synaptic pruning or as a compensatory mechanism for reduced dendritic length. These findings demonstrate that a chronic prenatal insult causes selective changes in the morphology of hippocampal cell dendrites and may lead to alterations in hippocampal function in the postnatal period. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 55: 41–52, 2003
Amputation‐induced activity of progenitor cells leads to rapid regeneration of olfactory tissue in lobsters
Authors: Harrison Paul J. H. , Cate Holly S. , Steullet Pascal , Derby Charles D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractLobsters have a self‐renewing olfactory system and, like many animals, continuously replace old or dying olfactory receptor neurons. In addition, lobsters are able to regenerate the peripheral olfactory system even after complete loss. The olfactory sensors in lobsters are located distally on a pair of antennules. These antennules are often damaged, but this has little impact on the lobster's sense of smell because damaged olfactory tissue is rapidly replaced. In this study, we investigated damage‐induced regeneration of the olfactory system by measuring cell proliferation following controlled amputation. We show that amputation‐induced regeneration occurs as a result of up‐regulating the normal development of olfactory sensors. A unique feature of up‐regulated development is the formation of patches of proliferating cells within the antennular epithelium. Epithelial patches were typically formed between 3 and 10 days postamputation on the amputated side. They were characterized by their: proximal position with respect to developing clusters of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs); tendency to form two discrete patches within the borders of each existing annulus; cell size, which was approximately twice that of mature ORNs; and location within the ventral epithelium. The development of epithelial patches was immediately followed by proliferation of clusters of ORNs and associated glial cells, and the level of this proliferation increased significantly during the premolt stage of the lobster's molt cycle. These epithelial patches may represent populations of precursor cells, because they develop in response to amputation and immediately precede development of cell clusters composed of ORNs and glia. Possible regulatory signals controlling epithelial patch development are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 55: 97–114, 2003
Post‐buckling analysis of imperfect laminates using finite strips based on a higher‐order plate theory
Authors: Zou G. P. , Lam S. S. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA finite strip procedure has been developed for the post‐buckling analysis of composite laminates when subjected to progressive end shortening. The finite strips are developed based on a higher‐order shear deformation plate theory and there are nine variables at each nodal line. Initial imperfection expressed in the form of suitable trigonometric function is allowed. Examples including isotropic plates and laminates with arbitrary lay‐up arrangement are presented. Numerical results for laminates with and without initial imperfection are used to illustrate the effect of imperfection. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical model of electrical potential within the human head
Authors: Nixon J. B. , Rasser P. E. , Teubner M. D. , Clark C. R. , Bottema M. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA realistic subject‐specific human head model was constructed based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data. Electrical conductivities were assigned inhomogeneously according to tissue type and variability within each head segment. A three‐dimensional (3D) finite‐difference method (FDM) was used to compute the evolution of the electrical potential from a single electrical dipole within the brain. The Douglas–Rachford FDM and three versions of iterative FDM were tested on a three‐layer concentric sphere model. The successive over‐relaxation (SOR) iterative method showed the best convergence properties and hence was used to compute the electrical potential within a realistic head model. The effect of using inhomogeneous rather than homogeneous conductivities within head segments of this model was shown to be important. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A refined non‐linear non‐conforming triangular plate/shell element
Authors: Zhang Y. X. , Cheung Y. K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA refined non‐conforming triangular plate/shell element for geometric non‐linear analysis of plates/shells using the total Lagrangian/updated Lagrangian approach is constructed in this paper based on the refined non‐conforming element method for geometric non‐linear analysis. The Allman's triangular plane element with vertex degrees of freedom and the refined triangular plate‐bending element RT9 are used to construct the present element. Numerical examples demonstrate that the accuracy of the new element is quite high in the geometric non‐linear analysis of plates/shells. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small, minority‐based nonprofits in the information age
Authors: Schneider Jo Anne 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPundits of information technology stress that the Internet opens new arenas for nonprofits through the ability to
share information both locally and globally. New technology also changes funders' and other evaluators'
expectations regarding proposals.Although new technology makes life easier for organizations with budgets, time, and familiarity with technology
to buy and use these new tools, nonprofits that lack these resources fall even further behind in their quest to
support and improve their programs. Based on ethnographic research in Kenosha, Wisconsin, this article explores the
role of changing technology in the ability of small nonprofits to succeed in implementing their organizational
mission. Using case studies, this article compares the experience of nonprofits and church mission projects based in
the African American and Latino communities in this small city to that of two mainstream organizations in gaining
funding and the general perception of those agencies in the local community. The article argues that expectations
about the use of technology increase the gaps between a community's haves and have‐nots. Kenosha
organizations based in communities of color are particularly at risk due to already low funding and lack of staff
familiar with new technologies. The article demonstrates that the key is often not access to technology or technical
assistance but the time to make the best use of available technology.
Performance evaluations of for‐profit and nonprofit U.S. hospitals since 1980
Authors: Rosenau Pauline Vaillancourt 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis synthesis of studies examines whether the published literature shows an evidence‐based consensus
on performance differences between private for‐profit and nonprofit hospitals in the United States since
1980. The author systematically and comprehensively surveyed peer‐reviewed publications to clarify this
question. The author's second objective was to learn what proportion of all research assessing
for‐profit and nonprofit health care providers is devoted to hospitals compared to all other providers.
The third goal was to discover how any trends in observed performance differences among hospitals compare with
trends among other provider types.Computerized bibliographic searches of all relevant databases yielded seventy‐five studies
(ninety‐three assessments) that compared the performance of for‐profit and nonprofit
hospitals on four performance criteria: access, quality, cost or efficiency, and amount of charity care. The
author coded findings on performance in one of three ways: for‐profit superiority, nonprofit
superiority, or inconclusive. Most studies (60 percent) reported that nonprofit hospitals have better
relative performance than for‐profit hospitals, clear evidence of their organizational effectiveness.
Thirty‐one percent were inconclusive, and 8 percent reported that for‐profits were better.