bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subchronic Toxicity Assessment of Zingiber roseum Rhizome in Mice
Model: Safety Evaluation at Various Doses
Authors: Amanat Muhammed , Daula A.F.M. Shahid Ud , Singh Randhir 
Published: January 2024

Aims:
The aim of this study is to determine the potential adverse effects associated
with the prolonged administration of Zingiber roseum rhizome extract.

Background:
This study aimed to evaluate the sub-chronic toxicity of Z. roseum, commonly
known as rosy ginger, using a mouse model. Z. roseum has been traditionally used for its medicinal
properties; however, there is limited information regarding its potential toxic effects.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to assess the safety profile of ZRR extract at various doses
and conduct a detailed analysis of hematological, biochemical, and histological parameters regarding
sub-chronic toxicity.

Methods:
Mice were orally administered ZRR methanolic extract at doses of 300, 600, and 1200
mg/kg for 14 days as per the guidelines of ‘The Brazilian Agency of National Health Surveillance.’
Subchronic toxicity was conducted by monitoring multiple indicators, including changes in
body weight, food and water consumption, blood profile (HB, RBC, WBC, and PLT), and biochemical
markers (ALT, AST, ALP, TP, ALB, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, Creatinine, and Urea) and histopathological
examination of the liver.

Results:
Throughout the study, the mice showed normal behavior and appeared healthy. The administration
of Z. roseum at all tested doses did not significantly affect body weight, food, and water
intake, blood, biochemical markers, or liver. Z. roseum at these doses was safe, with no fatalities
or harm.

Conclusion:
Lastly, the sub-chronic administration of Z. roseum at doses of 300, 600, and 1200
mg/kg in a mice model did not elicit any toxic effects, indicating its potential safety as a therapeutic
agent.
Antioxidant Activity and Antitumor Potential of Hedyotis chrysotricha
Extract in Human Colorectal Cancer and Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Shannuo , Lv Qianqian , Lin Jiahui , Xiao Ying , Liang Jiajie , Zhang Tianwan , Zeng Lili , Guo Peiting , Ji Hong 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Cancer is a serious disease severely endangering human health and life in
the world in the world, and conventional anticancer drugs have frequently suffered from severe side
effects and resistance. Therefore, developing novel and effective therapeutic strategies is urgently
needed. As a Chinese herbal medicine with important medical values, Hedyotis chrysotricha has
been suggested to be useful for the treatment of many diseases, especially cancer.

Objective:
Our aim was to investigate the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the phytochemical
extracts of H. chrysotricha.

Methods:
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay was applied to determine
antioxidant property. 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide assay, wound
healing assay, transwell matrix assay, flow cytometry and cell morphology were established to observe
anti-proliferative, anti-migration, anti-invasion and apoptosis induction effects. The intracellular
reactive oxygen species generation was detected by reactive oxygen species detection assay.

Results:
The ethyl acetate fraction showed promising antioxidant activity with IC50 of 98.67±0.49
μg/ml, and petroleum ether fraction exhibited the most potent antiproliferative effect on various human
cancer cell lines, especially MDA-MB-231 (IC50 = 8.90±1.23 μg/ml) and HCT-116 (IC50 =
9.69±3.69 μg/ml) cancer cells. Further investigation revealed that the petroleum ether fraction suppressed
the proliferation, migration and invasion of the cancer cells significantly. Additionally, it
promoted cell apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species levels.

Conclusion:
H. chrysotricha extract possessed excellent antioxidant and antitumor activities. Therefore,
it could be useful as a source of antioxidants and compounds for cancer therapy.
Virtual and Interprofessional Objective Structured Clinical Examination in Dentistry and Dental Technology: Development and User Evaluations
Authors: Pang MengWei , Dong YanLing , Zhao XiaoHan , Wan JiaWu , Jiang Li , Song JinLin , Ji Ping , Jiang Lin 
Published: January 2024

Background
Interprofessional education (IPE) facilitates interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) to encourage teamwork among dental care professionals and is increasingly becoming a part of training programs for dental and dental technology students. However, the focus of previous IPE and IPCP studies has largely been on subjective student and instructor perceptions without including objective assessments of collaborative practice as an outcome measure.

Objective
The purposes of this study were to develop the framework for a novel virtual and interprofessional objective structured clinical examination (viOSCE) applicable to dental and dental technology students, to assess the effectiveness of the framework as a tool for measuring the outcomes of IPE, and to promote IPCP among dental and dental technology students.

Methods
The framework of the proposed novel viOSCE was developed using the modified Delphi method and then piloted. The lead researcher and a group of experts determined the content and scoring system. Subjective data were collected using the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale and a self-made scale, and objective data were collected using examiner ratings. Data were analyzed using nonparametric tests.

Results
We successfully developed a viOSCE framework applicable to dental and dental technology students. Of 50 students, 32 (64%) participated in the pilot study and completed the questionnaires. On the basis of the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale, the subjective evaluation indicated that teamwork skills were improved, and the only statistically significant difference in participant motivation between the 2 professional groups was in the mutual evaluation scale (P=.004). For the viOSCE evaluation scale, the difference between the professional groups in removable prosthodontics was statistically significant, and a trend for negative correlation between subjective and objective scores was noted, but it was not statistically significant.

Conclusions
The results confirm that viOSCE can be used as an objective evaluation tool to assess the outcomes of IPE and IPCP. This study also revealed an interesting relationship between mutual evaluation and IPCP results, further demonstrating that the IPE and IPCP results urgently need to be supplemented with objective evaluation tools. Therefore, the implementation of viOSCE as part of a large and more complete objective structured clinical examination to test the ability of students to meet undergraduate graduation requirements will be the focus of our future studies.
Assessing the Quality, Privacy, and Security of Breast Cancer Apps for Arabic Speakers: Systematic Search and Review of Smartphone Apps
Authors: Alhuwail Dari , Alhouti Aisha , Alsarhan Latifah 
Published: January 2024

Background
Breast cancer is a widespread disease, and its incidence is rapidly increasing in the Middle East and North Africa region. With the increasing availability of smartphone apps for various health purposes, breast cancer apps have emerged as tools for raising awareness, providing support, and empowering women affected by this disease. These apps offer many features, including information on breast cancer risk factors, self-examination guides, appointment reminders, and community support groups or hotlines. Using apps raises the risk of privacy and security issues, and we hope that examining these features of the apps will contribute to the understanding of how technology can be used to improve these apps and provide insights for future development and improvement of breast cancer apps.

Objective
This study aims to critically review the quality, privacy, and security of breast cancer apps available to Arabic speakers.

Methods
Similar to several recent studies, we used a systematic search for apps available in Google Play and Apple App stores using both the web interface and the built-in native stores installed on smartphones. The search was conducted in mid-December 2022 in Arabic using the following keywords: سرطان الثدي – فحص سرطان الثدي – علاج سرطان الثدي – مرض سرطان الثدي – أعراض سرطان الثدي – فحص الثدي (breast cancer, breast cancer treatment, breast cancer disease, breast cancer symptoms, breast cancer screening, and breast test). These preidentified search terms are based on earlier work concerning the top searched breast cancer topics by Arabic speakers through Google’s search engine. We excluded apps that did not have an Arabic interface, were developed for non-Arabic speakers, were paid, needed a subscription, or were directed toward health care workers. The Mobile App Rating Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the apps concerning their engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information. A risk score was calculated for the apps to determine their security risk factors.

Results
Only 9 apps were included, with most (6/9, 67%) being supported by advertisements and categorized as informational. Overall, the apps had low numbers of downloads (>10 to >1000). The majority of the included apps (8/9, 89%) requested dangerous access permissions, including access to storage, media files, and the camera. The average security score of the included apps was 3.22, while only 2 apps provided information about data security and privacy. The included apps achieved an overall average quality score of 3.27, with individual dimension scores of 4.75 for functionality, 3.04 for information, 3.00 for aesthetics, and 2.32 for engagement.

Conclusions
The limited availability of breast cancer apps available to Arabic speakers should be a call to action and prompt health care organizations and developers to join forces and collaboratively develop information-rich, usable, functional, engaging, and secure apps.
A Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT)–Powered Chatbot as a Simulated Patient to Practice History Taking: Prospective, Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Holderried Friederike , Stegemann–Philipps Christian , Herschbach Lea , Moldt Julia-Astrid , Nevins Andrew , Griewatz Jan , Holderried Martin , Herrmann-Werner Anne , Festl-Wietek Teresa , Mahling Moritz 
Published: January 2024

Background
Communication is a core competency of medical professionals and of utmost importance for patient safety. Although medical curricula emphasize communication training, traditional formats, such as real or simulated patient interactions, can present psychological stress and are limited in repetition. The recent emergence of large language models (LLMs), such as generative pretrained transformer (GPT), offers an opportunity to overcome these restrictions

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of a GPT-driven chatbot to practice history taking, one of the core competencies of communication.

Methods
We developed an interactive chatbot interface using GPT-3.5 and a specific prompt including a chatbot-optimized illness script and a behavioral component. Following a mixed methods approach, we invited medical students to voluntarily practice history taking. To determine whether GPT provides suitable answers as a simulated patient, the conversations were recorded and analyzed using quantitative and qualitative approaches. We analyzed the extent to which the questions and answers aligned with the provided script, as well as the medical plausibility of the answers. Finally, the students filled out the Chatbot Usability Questionnaire (CUQ).

Results
A total of 28 students practiced with our chatbot (mean age 23.4, SD 2.9 years). We recorded a total of 826 question-answer pairs (QAPs), with a median of 27.5 QAPs per conversation and 94.7% (n=782) pertaining to history taking. When questions were explicitly covered by the script (n=502, 60.3%), the GPT-provided answers were mostly based on explicit script information (n=471, 94.4%). For questions not covered by the script (n=195, 23.4%), the GPT answers used 56.4% (n=110) fictitious information. Regarding plausibility, 842 (97.9%) of 860 QAPs were rated as plausible. Of the 14 (2.1%) implausible answers, GPT provided answers rated as socially desirable, leaving role identity, ignoring script information, illogical reasoning, and calculation error. Despite these results, the CUQ revealed an overall positive user experience (77/100 points).

Conclusions
Our data showed that LLMs, such as GPT, can provide a simulated patient experience and yield a good user experience and a majority of plausible answers. Our analysis revealed that GPT-provided answers use either explicit script information or are based on available information, which can be understood as abductive reasoning. Although rare, the GPT-based chatbot provides implausible information in some instances, with the major tendency being socially desirable instead of medically plausible information.
PREPARAÇÃO DE CARVÃO ATIVADO A PARTIR DA PIRÓLISE DE VAGENS DE FLAMBOYANT (Delonix regia)
Authors: Pedroza Marcelo Mendes , Silva Alexandre Cotrin da , Barros Pedro Alexandre Pinto Cerqueira , Rezende Cláudia da Silva Aguiar , Lôbo Ranyere do Nascimento , Arruda Matheus Gomes 
Published: January 2024

Nos últimos anos uma crescente problemática que vem ganhando espaço é a questão envolvida com os resíduos produzidos pelas atividades humanas. A quantidade de resíduos sólidos produzidos e coletados diariamente tem tomado proporções preocupantes, visto que se não forem corretamente destinados, esses resíduos podem causar danos ao meio ambiente, e aos próprios seres humanos, sendo necessária a busca por novas tecnologias para reutilização de resíduos sólidos. O flamboyant (Delonix regia), é uma espécie ornamental muito utilizada para fins de paisagismo, devido a sua beleza. Os resíduos de poda do flamboyant podem ser expressivos, devido a sua quantidade em diversos locais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo utilizar o resíduo da poda de flamboyant no processo de pirólise para a produção de carvão ativado. A biomassa foi caracterizada através das análises imediatas: material volátil (84.56%), cinzas (3.84%) e carbono fixo (11.57%). Os experimentos de pirólise do resíduo foram realizados em reator de leito fixo, em duas temperaturas diferentes (350 e 550 oC) durante 30 minutos de degradação térmica na qual foram obtidas um rendimento da massa inicial do resíduo de 25.99% para a pirólise a 550 °C e de 35.49% para a pirólise a 350°C. Após os ensaios de pirólise, as amostras de carvão obtidas durante o processo foram coletadas, armazenadas e caracterizadas pelas mesmas técnicas analíticas empregadas com a biomassa in natura além do teste de adsorção de azul de metileno em mesa agitadora orbital no qual foi utilizado o planejamento multivariável do delineamento de faces centradas com 7 tipos de combinações de massa e concentração de corante, onde todos os resultados tiveram mais de 80% de eficiência, sendo o maior deles de 85.93%.
The Network Slicing and Performance Analysis of 6G Networks using Machine Learning
Authors: Mahesh H. B  , Ali Ahammed G. F  , Usha S. M  
Published: January 2024

6G technology is designed to provide users with faster and more reliable data transfer as compared to the current 5G technology. 6G is rapidly evolving and provides a large bandwidth, even in underserved areas. This technology is extremely anticipated and is currently booming for its ability to deliver massive network capacity, low latency, and a highly improved user experience. Its scope is immense, and it’s designed to connect everyone and everything in the world. It includes new deployment models and services with extended user capacity. This study proposes a network slicing simulator that uses hardcoded base station coordinates to randomly distribute client locations to help analyse the performance of a particular base station architecture. When a client wants to locate the closest base station, it queries the simulator, which stores base station coordinates in a K-Dimensional tree. Throughout the simulation, the user follows a pattern that continues until the time limit is achieved. It gauges multiple statistics such as client connection ratio, client count per second, Client count per slice, latency, and the new location of the client. The K-D tree handover algorithm proposed here allows the user to connect to the nearest base stations after fulfilling the required criteria. This algorithm ensures the quality requirements and decides among the base stations the user connects to.
The Development of E-Handout Teaching Materials for the Sub-Concept of Structure and Function of Tissues in Plants
Authors: Rahmatina Anisa , Noorhidayati Noorhidayati , Ajizah Aulia 
Published: January 2024

Learning in the 21st century is supported by mastery of technology. The utilization of technology in education can be implemented in the use of electronic teaching materials, one of which is E-Handout. The purpose of this study was to describe the needs analysis, validity and practicality of the results of the Development of E-Handout Teaching Materials for the Sub-Concept of Structure and Function of Tissues In Plants. This research is categorized as research and development (R&D) based on the 4D model. Data collection used teacher and students needs instruments, validity and practicality questionnaires. The research subjects were 3 experts and 12 students of class XI MIPA at SMA Negeri 1 Alalak. The results showed that first, the results of the needs analysis were "good" (77.83), meaning that E-Handout teaching materials need to be developed on the Sub-Concept of Structure and Function of Tissues in Plants. Second, E-Handout have a validity of "very valid" (88.45), meaning that E-Handout is very valid and in accordance with learning objectives, language, format and media. Third, the practicality results are "very good" (91.88), meaning that the E-Handout is very practical and easy to read by students. This shows that the E-Handout developed is valid and practical so that it can be used as teaching material as needed. The implication of the research results is that students can learn independently anytime and anywhere using E-Handout via laptop or smartphone.
Friction resistance between edgewise brackets and archwires
Authors: Ho Kuat Shiun , West Victor C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study quantified the dynamic frictional force encountered when TMA, Orthonol and multistranded stainless steel archwires were pulled a distance of 2mm through ceramic and stainless steel brackets. The current literature is inadequate and incomplete, for example, no data was found on rectangular multistranded archwires. The following factors were investigated: archwire material, archwire size, archwire-to-bracket angulation, bracket material, archwire and bracket slot surface roughness and lubrication in the form of artificial saliva. A total of 156 different combinations were investigated. A universal testing machine was used to pull the ligated archwires through the brackets, and record the friction. A four way analysis of variance with one nesting (archwire size) was carried out on 1,560 measurements to assess the results. All factors and interactions tested were significant in determining friction. Friction was found to increase with: archwire angulation and archwire size (exceptions were seen in some TMA archwires). Friction decreased with lubrication. There was a definite relationship between friction and archwire and bracket material. There was no definite relationship between archwire surface roughness and friction. Highest friction was observed with ceramic bracket and TMA archwire. The range of friction was 1.02 to 9.95 Newtons. The magnitude of the friction recorded is substantially larger than the forces applied in orthodontic movement clinically. It is proposed that the values recorded should be utilised as a means of comparing the effects of different factors, rather than for the quantification of friction in vivo.
The Reliability of Upper Airway Landmark Identification
Authors: Miles Peter G. , O’Reilly Maria , Close John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Research involving the upper airway has assessed linear measurements of certain structures on the assumption that the landmarks involved can be reliably identified.
This study was conducted to determine the reliability of landmark identification for those structures most commonly reported in the obstructive sleep apnoea literature. Three judges were asked to identify specific landmarks on 20 randomly selected radiographs and 10 superior quality radiographs.
This was repeated one week later. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the majority of the landmarks could be reliably identified, irrespective of the quality of the radiograph. However, the quality of the radiograph did affect identification of the horizontal position of the hyoid bone and the linear measure of posterior airway space although these were not clinically significant. The vertical position of the tip of the soft palate was highly unreliable, irrespective of the quality of the radiograph. This resulted in errors in the measurement of soft palate length. Future airway-related research should consider the potential inaccuracies when attempting to identify these dynamle three-dimensional structures on stalic Iwo-climensional hnages.
A Family Case Report: Disturbances in Tooth form and Eruption of the Second Premolar
Authors: Symons Anne L. , Taverne Aart A.R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This report describes a family who demonstrated anomalies of tooth form and eruption of the lower second premolar. Observation of the second premolars remaining in the mother’s and father’s dentitions included ectopic eruption with impaction and substantial spacing between the first and second premolars. Four siblings were also examined - three boys aged 15, 14 and 12 years, and one girl aged 11 years. Anomalies of the second premolar recorded in the males and female include: congenital absence, ectopic eruption with impaction, delayed eruption and spacing. Associated anomalies included: congenital absence of other permanent teeth and spacing. It appears that the defect in tooth form and eruption is of a genetic origin, affecting both males and females. The condition(s) did not appear to be associated with a syndrome and the human papilloma virus lesions noted in all family members were not considered to be related to the dental defects. This family demonstrated two anomalies of the lower second premolar: congenital absence and disturbance in tooth eruption. The question raised by this case report is whether these two anomalies are inherited as separate traits or whether failure of tooth eruption is a variation in expression of the same geuetic factor that results in oligodontia.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI KERJA, SOFT SKILL, EFIKASI DIRI DAN LITERASI DIGITAL TERHADAP KESIAPAN KERJA
Authors: Adelia Tifani , Mardalis Ahmad 
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of work motivation, soft skills, self-efficacy and digital literacy on student work readiness (case study of UMS management students class of 2020). The method used in this research is a quantitative method with 234 respondents. The population in this study were students of the management study program at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta class of 2020. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, the data used is promer data obtained through respondents' answers using a closed type of interview or questionnaire, the sampling technique in this study uses the Slovin formula. The data analysis technique in this study uses Partial Least Square (PLS) using the help of SMARTPLS Software. PLS-SEM analysis consists of two Outer model and Inner model. The results of this study indicate that work motivation has no effect on the work readiness of management students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Class of 2020. soft skills, self-efficacy, and digital literacy have a positive and significant effect on the work readiness of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Class of 2020 management students.