bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exotica
Authors: Koerner David , LeVay Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Field and Mobile Robotics Building on the campus of Pittsburgh’s Carnegie-Mellon University is hard to find and even harder to get into. Built on steeply sloping ground, hemmed in by construction sites, and partially embedded within other buildings with confusingly similar names and functions, it offers such a challenge to our navigational skills that we end up, io minutes late, on the roof of an adjacent building from which we clamber by a kind of iron skywalk to the office of roboticist, futurologist, and general out- of-the-box thinker Hans Moravec.
Introduction
Authors: Maizlish Neil A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The toll of work-related illness and injury is enormous. Each year in the United States, there are:
6500 fatal job injuries
60,000 deaths from work-related chronic diseases
14 million nonfatal job injuries and illnesses
The annual cost is at least $171 billion. On a global scale, 120 million work injuries, 200,000 fatalities, and 68-157 million new cases of occupational disease are believed to occur annually. In most regions of the world, work outranks tobacco, air pollution, illicit drugs, hypertension, and physical activity as a leading cause of premature death and disability.
Feedback
Authors: Maizlish Neil A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The product of surveillance is information for action. Those who need the information include the individuals directly involved—workers, their health care providers and their employers—and organizations with an interest in surveillance findings. The actions themselves may be part of the responsibilities of the surveillance organization or of a different organization. The actions may be introduced at many points in the prevention pathway (Fig. 1.1) and are based on education, engineering, research, and enforcement.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Maizlish Neil A , Rudolph Linda A , Dervin Kathy A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a disorder of the median nerve as it crosses an anatomical tunnel in the wrist formed from bone, ligament, and tendon. Forceful and repetitive motions over time, especially when done in an awkward hand posture, damage soft tissues that swell and entrap the median nerve. The severity of illness ranges from reversible mild symptoms of pain, cramping, numbness and tingling in the thumb and adjacent fingers to irreversible nerve damage, atrophy of the fleshy thumb muscle, and permanent disability.
Closing the Loop: Impact of a Lead Poisoning Prevention Project
Authors: Bellows Jim , Rudolph Linda A , Maizlish, Neil A , Dervin Kathy A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the 1990’s, state-based occupational health surveillance was revitalized in the United States. State public health agencies started playing a stronger and complementary role to that of the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration for surveillance and enforcement.
Verbal Odysseus: Narrative Strategy in the Odyssey and in The Usual Suspects
Authors: Roisman Hanna M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1905 the American anthropologist Matilda Stevenson reported the following case, which had occurred among the Zufii Indians of New Mexico: A teen-age boy was accused of witchcraft when a twelve-year-old girl was stricken with a nervous seizure right after he had taken her by the hands. At his trial before a court of priests, the boy initially pleaded his innocence and denied having any occult powers, but his truthful defense was of no avail. Sorcery was a crime punishable by death, and, despite his youth, the boy was in great danger. So he changed his strategy. He admitted to having inherited magic powers, which even enabled him to assume the shapes of animals. When asked to demonstrate these powers, he gave a sad speech in which he regretted their loss after the incident with the girl. Relieved that he was no longer a sorcerer, the priests set him free.1
Distal Focussing of Perception: Size Constancy in a Representative Sample of Situations [1944]
Authors: Hammond Kenneth R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is the most important methodological paper that Brunswik ever wrote. It did not contain any new theoretical ideas of importance, but without it, there never would have been a clear-cut, obvious demonstration of what he meant by “representative design” and how it should be carried out. Up to this point, he had never provided a full-scale explication and empirical application of representative design, at least in his papers in English. Despite the lack of such a demonstration, he had made much of this idea, the formation of which was evident in his days in Vienna, and he made much of it in the 1941 symposium with Hull and Lewin. So, one might say, this was Brunswik’s answer to “put up or shut up,” as the American vernacular would have it. And in this publication he certainly “put up,” for he laid out the concept of representative design and its operational meaning in full detail.
Probability Learning of Perceptual Cues in the Establishment of a Weight Illusion [1951]
Authors: Bjorkman Mats 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study by Brunswik and Herma (B and H in the following) was an “early systematic effort” to investigate probability learning of perceptual cues in “an artificial miniature environment” that is representative of natural conditions (p. 170). Representativeness, implies that cues should be given validities similar to those obtaining in the natural environment. How low are the ecological validities that can be discriminated by the organism? How rapidly does the organism adapt to the probabilistic structure of the environment? Does probability learning reach a final level at which it stabilizes? These were questions of primary interest to B and H, as in Brunswik’s (1939c) early study of probability learning of instrumental acts.
Ecological Cue-Validity of JI Proximity” and of Other Gestalt Factors [1953]
Authors: Brunswik Egon , Kamiya Joe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One searches in vain in Brunswik and Kamiya’s 1953 “Ecological Cue-Validity of’ Proximity’ and of Other Gestalt Factors” for a description of the subjects. There were none. The reason is simple: A fundamental feature of Brunswik’s thinking was that in order to understand the sys tem we call the organism, we must first under stand the system in which that organism has evolved and in which the organism is functioning. He regarded a study of the environment as a necessary antecedent-his word was “propaedeuticic” (Brunswik, 19566, p. 119)-to the under standing of the organism, and the paper by Bruns wik and Kamiya illustrates beautifully an analysis of a particular environmental system. It is psychology without a subject.
Representative Design: Cognitive Science from a Brunswikian Perspective
Authors: Juslin Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the end the greatness of a scientist is measured foremost not in terms of well-designed experiments or the elegant fitting of models, but in the deliverance of a profoundly important message. Egon Brunswik had such a message. Several of the issues he raised in his 1955 Psychological Review article appear noncontroversial in present day cognitive science (although seldom, it seems, because of the direct impact of Brunswik’s writings). For example, models with probabilistic notions, which stress the purposive, “distal-over proximal” nature of cognitive processing, are commonplace in cognitive science. Nonetheless, it seems fair to conclude that the most important part of the story told by Brunswik remains largely unappreciated by mainstream psychology: that the proper object of study for a scientific psychology is the organism-environment system as a whole, where the behavior of the organism is molded by the forces of adaptation and inter twined with the properties of the environment.
The Dissuasive (1.16—4.25): Against Dependence on Anything save the Justice and Mercy of God
Authors: Bryan Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Why must Paul preach to all in Rome, barbarian or Greek? For, he says-the conjunction clearly linking what he will now say to what has gone before—just as a true philosopher was “not ashamed to confess poverty” (Lucian, Nigrinus 14), so Paul is not ashamed of the gospel (1.16). Yet with Paul this is something more than the paradox of boldness in confessing something that others might think ridiculous or humiliating—in fact, he is very proud of the gospel (compare I Cor. 1.30). It is also something more than an example of that rhetorical understatement whereby, “when saying that we ... possess some exceptional advantage, so as to avoid the impression of arrogance, we moderate and soften the expression of it” (Ad Herrenium 4.38).
Exhortation ( 12.1—15.13): An Invitation to the Christian Life
Authors: Bryan Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Paul has presented a dissuasive, arguing against dependence on anything save God’s grace and God’s justice, manifested in the cross of Jesus Christ, and witnessed to in the Law. In particular, he has argued against dependence on the Law itself. He has then presented a demonstration, arguing for what he has called “my gospel,” and in so doing he has defended it at length against two suggestions that have been raised—first, that his gospel militated against the moral life, and second, that it implied God was no longer faithful to the promises.
Millerism and the Schematic Imagination
Authors: Morgan David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
ntebellum religious life in the United States was strongly colored by the early republic’s radical evangelical egalitarians, who were steeped in revival and a fiery rhetoric attacking traditional church polity. By contrast, the ATS’s accentuation of union and cooperation was a move to avoid evangelical factionalism and to focus energies on a clear, even single-minded agenda. The ATS, which rooted itself in the middle class and filled its executive committees with judges, lawyers, and divines, sought to forge an evangelical consensus from unity that was a safer bet than the radicalism of figures like Elias Smith or Lorenzo Dow. But the leaders of Millerism and Seventh-Day Adventism, impelled by a deep sense of urgency, threw caution to the wind and indulged in the heady experience of liberty and egalitarianism that celebrated the disestablishment of religion, fired the Second Great Awakening, and led to a flurry of upstart preachers and popular religious movements.1 Millerite and Seventh-Day Adventism were premised on the revolutionary notion that the individual possessed the inherent right and capacity to decide for him or herself in what spiritual truth consisted. The evangelical belief in access to the Bible assumed that the Bible could be successfully interpreted by anyone who genuinely tried to understand it.
Education
Authors: Pomeroy Sarah B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the modern western world, schooling is mandatory and the curriculum prescribed by state authorities who verify its effectiveness by examinations of students, teachers, and textbooks. In antiquity, parents alone were usually responsible for their children’s upbringing. At Athens there was a little outside supervision: a boy was scrutinized at successive stages of life by his father’s tribe. In contrast, there was no outside surveillance of girls’ upbringing, because a modest, well-brought-up young woman was hidden from the public eye. At home with her mother and other women in the household, a girl learned the skills that she would need to use as an adult. Wearing long dresses, and playing indoors with dolls and small animals, she learned to be nurturant and to perform household tasks.
Growing Up in Las Vegas
Authors: Sanchez Marie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The new Green Valley neighborhood offers “a sense of community pride and traditional family values along with the cultural awareness and conveniences often found in larger cities.” The developers strive to “make sure their communities thrive for decades to come [since] many home buyers want to feel a sense of community and belonging to the area in which they live.” Scenes of happy family life illustrate the brochure.
Why They’re Mad :Southern Nevada Versus The United States
Authors: Court Randolph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Few regions of the United States arc at the same time so dependent on, so suspicious of: and so hostile to the federal government as the extensive, largely barren counties of sou them Nevada. The more one talks to southern Nevadans-whether natives, residents of long standing, or relative newcomers-the more one hears of a proud, defiant seuimage: to be a Nevadan is, even today, to be a kind of freelance homesteader, a don’t-tread-on-me entrepreneur. The long legacy of liberal codes unlike those of other states-relaxed requirements for marriage and divorce, legalized prostitution and gambling, freedom from taxes and speed limits-has become a part of the state’s self-definition and claim to uniqueness. Ry now corporate, environmentalist, and other pressures have just about killed the actuality of the truly independent pioneer. Rut the gambling mentality, the hostility to regulation and taxation, and the remaining wide-open spaces of southern Nevada foster its perpetuation as an ideal.
Introduction
Authors: Sleigh Tom , Wolff Christian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Herakles is a figure rarely found in Athenian drama playing a tragic role. Darker aspects of his life appear briefly in Homer. In the Iliad Achilles evokes .him as prototypical of a hero’s tragic mortality (18.117–18). Odysseus, visiting the world of the dead, meets Herakles’ ghostly double who is haunted by his former life of misery (Odyssey 11.601–26). More commonly Herakles is characterized by his fantastic exploits, by his geniality and by an immense capacity for endurance capped by final successes. This most famous and ubiquitous hero appears in the worlds of fairy tale and legend, close to the gods in the ancient time of the heroes, but also in the aristocratic world of the wellborn who achieve successes in their competitive life; and, as one can see in religious cult and dramatic comedy, he can be found to be a comfortably familiar figure of everyday life. Euripides’ play brings something of all these facets of the hero together to tragic effect, which may well be something like a dramatic experiment, bold and risky. This introduction will look at the play’s structure; how the hero is characterized by his deeds and by his family relations, human and divine; at the role of the gods and the place of religious practice in the play’s action; and, emerging out of all these, the role of poetic performance as the play itself draws our attention to it.
The Scandal of Revelation
Authors: Steiner George 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two deaths have, very largely, determined the fabric of Western sensibility. Two cases of capital punishment, of judicial murder, lie at the foundations of our religious, philosophic and political reflexes. One wonders: How different, how qualified in respect of tragic context, would Western history have been if it had at its source two acts of birth, if auroral celebration were its root instead of mourning and an eclipse of the sun? But it is two deaths that preside over our metaphysical and civic sense of self: that of Socrates and that of Jesus. We remain, to this day, children of those deaths.
Anecdote as the Essence of Historical Understanding
Authors: Frykenberg Robert E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No element in history, I would argue, is more basic than narrative. Indeed, it is the basic and essential element. History is “story.” And, as such, “anecdote” is its very essence: its life, its blood, and its breath. The very word “story,” in its now somewhat more obsolete and obscure meaning, is directly descended from the original Greek word “istoria” and the subsequent Latin word “historia.” Exactly how, when, or why, the word “story” became partially separated from its ancient ancestral root is a “story” in itself.2 Yet, the fact remains that the term has never ceased to convey some of the original meaning found in its parental root; and “history” has never ceased to be and to mean “story.” The original noun form “story,” meaning “history,” almost any standard dictionary informs us, is the more original, even if it is now more obscure and obsolete. In simple terms, a story is “a narrative, true or presumed to be true, of important events and celebrated persons”;3 “a narrative of events in their sequence.” The word, moreover, pertains to that particular kind of “action” that is found in the very “relating” or “telling” or “writing” or “describing of things historically” -that action which adorns the present with “scenes from the past.”4
The Limits of Narrative Theology
Authors: Griffiths Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I assume in this essay the truth of the following claims. First, that religious communities typically either explicitly claim or implicitly assume the truth of some descriptive statements about the nature of the world and of human persons. Second, similarly, that such communities typically do the same in regard to the truth of some broadly axiological statements, statements as to what is of value. And third, that such communities typically regard doing these things as both proper and essential to their function as religious communities. I shall call a community’s descriptive and axiological claims its doctrines.1 These are often, though not always and not necessarily, preserved and displayed in authoritatively binding collections of natural language sentences that I shall call creeds. Though both doctrine and creed are terms used by Christians for their artifacts, and therefore have a specific cultural and conceptual history, they can usefully be used to pick out artifacts used by nonChristian religious communities; in fact, I would argue that religious communities necessarily have doctrines (though the degree and manner of their articulation varies), and that many of them have creeds. I shall not argue these claims; instead, they will inform and be ingredient to the argument I do make.
Killing One’s Closest Philos: Self-Slaughter in Sophokles’ Aias
Authors: Belfiore Elizabeth S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The last play analyzed in detail here is another tragedy, one that is exceptional in its apparent lack of emphasis on harm to blood kin or to those in formal reciprocal relationships. A minor act of suppliancy takes place at Aias’s corpse, but the play is certainly not a suppliant drama. Aias tries to harm his unrelated companions in the Greek army, but his attempt fails ludicrously, and the only person he actually kills is himself. The suicide itself, however, is best interpreted as an instance of harm to philos. Just as the philos is another self, in Greek thought, so the self is a person’s closest philos. This view of Aias’s selfkilling is supported by evidence in the text, and it helps to illuminate a paradox connected with the suicide.
Indian Missions and the Puritan Legacy
Authors: Harris Paul William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
America was a field for foreign missions long before the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A.B.C.F.M) sent the first American missionaries overseas. Missions to North America were predominantly, though by no means exclusively, aimed at the conversion of Native Americans, and Indian missions continued long after foreign operations commenced. The A.B.C.F.M. itself maintained extensive missions to the North American Indians throughout the period of this study. Foreign missions and Indian missions were organized into separate departments in 1832, but that does not mean they were regarded as distinctly different types of mission work. In the eyes of the missionaries, ‘‘heathenism’’ possessed an essential unity. All heathens were similarly possessed by mental stagnation and moral degradation—to different degrees, perhaps, but always owing to their ignorance of gospel truth. That was one indispensable justification for missions in the first place.
The Abolitionist Attack
Authors: Harris Paul William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A.B.C.F.M.) was created in part to foster unity among New England evangelicals and to forge a sense of common purpose. During the years of the Second Great Awakening, that effort succeeded remarkably well and helped to give rise to a feeling of millennial optimism. Rufus Anderson shared fully in evangelical expectations that the dawning of the Kingdom of Christ might well be imminent. Yet the militant millennialism spawned by the Second Great Awakening also contributed to its disintegration, as forces largely of its own creation helped to pull it apart. The Presbyterian schism of 1837 both climaxed and epitomized that process for the evangelical constituency of the American Board.
The Powers That Be
Authors: Harris Paul William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rufus Anderson still enjoys a reputation as a leader who sought to make the missionary enterprise less imperialistic than it had been and would be again. His emphasis on preaching the gospel without attempting to reform other societies seems relatively untainted by cultural imperialism. His promotion of efforts to raise up indigenous churches was intended to free converts from a kind of colonial dependence on their American patrons. His educational policy, whatever its other shortcomings, avoided collaboration with Western imperialists by aiming to train natives solely for missionary service and not for economic or political posts. Although there is certainly much truth in all this, it is equally important to understand that the missionary enterprise under Anderson’s direction was inextricably tied to the expanding reach of Western political influence during the midnineteenth century.
Introduction to Volumes 1 and 2
Authors: Barbour Julian B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘How differently the clouds move across that lofty, limitless sky!’ Tolstoy’s words, said by the wounded Prince Andrei Bolkonsky as he drifts into consciousness on the battlefield of Austerlitz, express the spirit of this book. It is about how concepts of motion have changed in the past and could change in the future. It is a subject with a never-ending fascination; for every change in our conception of motion amounts to a change in our deepest conceptions of things. Each change in our concept of motion opens the door into a new world.
Hellenistic astronomy: the foundations are laid
Authors: Barbour Julian B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the second half of the period dominated by Greek culture the most important centre of learning was Alexandria, which was founded by Alexander the Great in 332 BC near the Nile estuary. Through the encouragement of the rulers, the Ptolemies, the city acquired superb library facilities, and most scientists of any note went there at some time. The two books most influential for the subsequent development of science in Western Europe were written in Alexandria: The Elements of Euclid (fl. around 300 BC) and the Almagest by Ptolemy (circa AD 100-circa AD 170) (the name is common and does not imply a royal connection).
The Middle Ages: first stirrings of the scientific revolution
Authors: Barbour Julian B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In histories of dynamics written in the nineteenth century, the period between antiquity and Galileo was treated as an almost complete blank. It was believed that nothing significant had occurred during the ‘Dark Ages’. This attitude was changed almost single-handed by the French physicist Pierre Duhem, who became an historian of science almost by accident. In his monumental Le Systeme du Monde he argued that several basic principles of Galileo’s physics were in essence already worked out in the fourteenth century, and that Galileo’s work consisted more of explication and further development rather than genuine revolution.