bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conflicting factors when implementing a statutory quality management system within the public sector: a study in Sweden
Authors: Eriksson Maria , Eriksson Therese , Jonsson Elisabet 
Published: October 2023

PurposeThis paper aims to explore and develop knowledge about implementing and applying a quality management system (QMS) in the public sector.Design/methodology/approachA study was conducted including 16 qualitative in-depth interviews with 18 respondents, all working with QMSs in the Swedish public sector.FindingsThe study identified five main themes that are problematic in relation to the implementation of the statutory QMS in the public sector. The identified themes show that there exists a gap between theory and practice regarding how the statutory QMS needs to be implemented and applied.Practical implicationsBased on the analysis of the findings, the authors propose a model of core values and supporting elements for QMS in the public sector to bridge the gap between theory and practice.Originality/valueThe study identified problems when implementing statutory QMSs in the public sector and presents a model of improvement. Further research is needed regarding statutory QMS in the public sector.
Labor markets and incarceration: The China shock to American punishment
Authors: Clegg John , Usmani Adaner 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStudies have failed to show a positive effect of unemployment on incarceration despite reasons to expect such a relationship. We note that prior estimates have been muddied by the absence of substate data, a focus on prisons rather than on jails, limited measures of unemployment, and the fact that the health of the labor market is endogenous to incarceration. We instrument for local exposure to the rise of Chinese exports (“the China Shock”) to estimate the effect of job loss on American incarceration. Marshaling a new data set of prisoners and jail inmates by race at the commuting zone level, we show that negative shocks to local labor markets led to significant increases in total incarceration rates for both Blacks and Whites. The effect seems to be driven by increased prison rather than jail populations. This estimate is invisible to ordinary least squares, which may help explain null results reported by past work. Counterfactual exercises suggest that the effect of job loss was punitively consequential. Had employment gains from the 1990s been preserved into the 2000s, the U.S. incarceration rate would have grown significantly less than it did.
Near‐infrared spectroscopy to measure brain oxygenation: A comparison of measurements on the skin, skull and dura mater
Authors: Pedersen Sofie S. , Sørensen Martin Kryspin , Olsen Markus Harboe , Stisen Zara R. , Lund Anton , Møller Kirsten , Skjøth‐Rasmussen Jane , Moltke Finn B. , Meyhoff Christian S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe reliability of near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for measuring cerebral oxygenation (ScO2) is controversial due to the possible contamination from extracranial tissues. We compared ScO2 measured with the NIRS optode on the forehead, the skull and the dura mater in anaesthetised patients undergoing craniotomy. We hypothesised that ScO2 measured directly on the skull and the dura mater would differ from ScO2 measured on the skin.MethodsThis prospective observational study included 17 adult patients scheduled for elective craniotomy. After induction of general anaesthesia, ScO2 was measured on the forehead skin, as well as on the skull and on the dura mater in the surgical field. The primary comparison was the difference in ScO2 measured on the dura mater and on ScO2 measured on the skin; secondary comparisons were the differences in ScO2 on the skull and ScO2 on the skin and the dura mater, respectively. Data were described with median (5%–95% range) and analysed with the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsScO2 values on the dura mater were obtained in 11 patients, and median ScO2 (48%, 29%–95%) did not differ significantly from ScO2 on the skin (73%, 49%–92%; p = .052), median difference −25% (−35.6% to −1.2%). ScO2 on the skull (N = 16) was lower than that on the skin (63% [43%–79%] vs. 75% [61%–94%]; p = .0002), median difference −10% (−20.8 to −3.0).ConclusionIn adults undergoing craniotomy, NIRS‐based ScO2 measured on the dura mater did not reach statistically significantly lower values than ScO2 measured on the skin, whereas values on the skull were lower than on the skin, indicating a contribution from scalp tissue to the signal.
Importance of antenatal identification of small for gestational age fetuses on perinatal and childhood outcomes: A register‐based cohort study
Authors: Hertting Emma , Herling Lotta , Lindqvist Pelle G. , Wiberg‐Itzel Eva 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionFetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with increased risk for stillbirth, perinatal morbidity, cerebral palsy, neurodevelopmental disorders and cardiovascular disease later in life. Identifying small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses is crucial for the diagnosis of FGR. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between antenatal identification of SGA fetuses and severe adverse perinatal and childhood outcome.Material and methodsA register‐based cohort study of all newborns delivered in Stockholm in 2014 and 2017. Inclusion criteria: singleton pregnancies without chromosomal aberrations or structural abnormalities, with a gestational age at delivery between 22+0 and 43+0 (n = 48 843). Data from childbirth records were linked to data from nationwide Swedish registers. Pregnancy including offspring data were reviewed. Adverse outcomes for non‐identified and identified SGA newborns were compared using logistic regression models. Primary outcome was a composite outcome called severe adverse outcome, defined as at least one of the following: stillbirth, severe newborn distress (Apgar score <4 at 5 min, pH <7 or resuscitation activities >10 min), severe neonatal outcome (hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy 2–3, necrotizing enterocolitis, neonatal seizures, intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3–4, bronchopulmonary disease or death at <1 year), severe childhood outcome (cognitive impairment or motor impairment or cerebral palsy or hearing impairment or visual impairment or death at 1–3 years old). Secondary outcomes were stillbirth, severe newborn distress, severe neonatal outcome, severe childhood outcome.ResultsNo association was found between antenatal identification of SGA fetuses and severe adverse outcome using the complete composite outcome (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93–1.53). In subgroup analyses, non‐identified SGA fetuses had an almost fivefold increased risk for stillbirth (aOR 4.79, 95% CI 2.63–8.72) and an increased risk for severe newborn distress (aOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.02–1.82), but a decreased risk for severe childhood outcome (aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.40–0.99). No association was found between antenatal identification of SGA and severe neonatal outcome.ConclusionsNon‐identified SGA fetuses have an increased risk for stillbirth and severe newborn distress. Conversely, identified SGA fetuses have an increased risk for severe childhood outcome.
Macroeconomic effects of discretionary tax changes in Canada: Evidence from a new narrative measure of tax shocks
Authors: Hussain Syed M. , Liu Lin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper we study the macroeconomic effects of changes in federal taxes for the Canadian economy for the time period 1961–2014. We document all legislated tax changes and the motivations behind them. We then employ the narrative methodology of Romer and Romer (2010) and Cloyne (2013) to identify exogenous changes in federal taxes. Our main empirical result shows that a tax cut of 1% of GDP leads to an increase in GDP of 2.1% on impact and a peak increase of 2.68% after three quarters of the initial shock. Disaggregated analysis shows that the response of output is driven by consumption and investment. We also find changes in personal income and other (sales and production) taxes to have strong effects on output.
Family‐level responses to the introduction of Tax‐Free Savings Accounts
Authors: Lavecchia Adam M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper presents evidence on the effect of the introduction of Canadian Tax‐Free Savings Accounts (TFSAs) on the savings of families with children. Contributions to TFSAs are not tax‐deductible but capital income earned in the account accrues tax‐free and withdrawals are not taxed. Using a difference‐in‐differences instrumental variables research design that exploits the sharp change in a family's cumulative TFSA contribution room that arises when a child turns 18 years old, I find that a $1 increase in family‐level TFSA balances lowers taxable financial asset holdings by approximately $0.25 to $0.45 and has no statistically significant effect on holdings in traditional tax‐deferred accounts. My results suggest that having an additional adult family member eligible to open a TFSA increases the TFSA contributions and account balances of both adult children and their parents.
Carrying capacity and cumulative effects management: A case study using bighorn sheep
Authors: Beale Meghan M. , Knopff Kyle H. , Small Christina C. , McLean Danielle C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSuccessful cumulative effects management is fundamental for conservation policy and practice. We investigated the application of a carrying capacity (CC) model as a cumulative effects management tool for bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) in British Columbia, Canada, where CC is defined as the natural limit of a sustainable population that is set by the availability of resources in the environment. We estimated winter CC using forage availability across winter ranges, weighted by relative selection by sheep and a safe use factor, and divided by overwinter forage requirements to determine how many sheep the landscape can support. We explored application of our model to decision‐making about new industrial projects or conservation activities in a cumulative effects context. Cumulative effects include both positive and negative contributions to animal populations and we simulated the potential positive outcomes of burning to increase bighorn sheep carrying capacity in our study area. Our results show that carefully planned conservation actions could generate a 5% increase in CC (i.e., from 493 to 519 sheep). Robust tools and scientific techniques that are capable of quantifying multiple impacts and conservation actions and that consider spatial processes over long temporal scales, such as the CC model presented, should be applied to help inform decisions about how to better manage cumulative habitat change and achieve conservation objectives.
A rare case of secondary cutaneous lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma clinically presenting as acquired cutis laxa
Authors: Lim Dong Jun , Yang Hee Joo , Lee Mi Young , Lee Woo Jin , Won Chong Hyun , Chang Sung Eun , Lee Mi Woo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) is a rare variant of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, accounting for <1% of cases. Skin involvement in LPL is quite rare—accounting for approximately 5% of extramedullary disease—and includes a variety of clinical morphologies, such as erythematous‐to‐violaceous plaques, violaceous nodules or tumors, and ulceration at various anatomical sites. Herein, we report the case of a 45‐year‐old Korean woman who presented with generalized erythematous indurated plaques and pendulous skin growths, which were asymptomatic, with marked diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the dermis. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the lymphoid cells expressed CD3, CD79a, and cytoplasmic IgG, but lacked CD10 and IgM. Moreover, kappa light chain restriction and monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement were observed. Upon further workup, lymphoma involvement was reported in multiple lymph nodes, including those in the cervical and axillary regions. This case shows a unique form of cutaneous LPL clinically presenting as acquired cutis laxa, emphasizing the dermatologists' need to be vigilant for variant forms of this disease.
Exploration and practice of data thinking in the application of E‐Commerce art design course under the background of big data
Authors: Zhu Mengrui , Wang Jiankun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractE‐commerce art design major is a new major that has developed rapidly in recent years. In the era of big data, teaching methods, teaching methods and teaching contents have changed accordingly. At the same time, with the popularization and application of big data, the demand direction of e‐commerce art design professional society for talents has also changed. Therewith, the model of teaching is also undergoing a transformation. The curriculum system of the e‐commerce art design major needs to integrate the thinking in data in response to the social demand. Therefore, starting with the concept and connotation of thinking in data, status analysis of the art design major of application‐oriented universities, and analysis of the application of the thinking in data in the education of the e‐commerce art design major, this paper explores how to apply the thinking in data in the teaching of the e‐commerce art design major of application‐oriented universities and optimize the talent training in this major, so as to provide new ideas for the development in the e‐commerce art design major.
Work Emails at the Breakfast Table: Proximity of Labour and Capital as an Unexamined Difficulty for the (Just) Distribution of Discretionary Time
Authors: James Alastair 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThis article examines an omission in the study of discretionary time that bears on proposals currently being evaluated in this part of political philosophy. Specifically, this is the tendency in many jobs for work time to bleed into what is meant to be protected or discretionary time. I refer to this phenomenon as the relative proximity of labour and capital, which has become more prevalent in the labour market due to increased use of mobile communications technology. Ignored by the literature is the fact that whether a job exhibits a high degree of proximity of labour and capital will influence workers' access to their discretionary time entitlements, including policies such as workplace flexibility and the four‐day week. To account for this, I provide a descriptive and normative account of the proximity of labour and capital, in response to which I propose a remedial policy that provides workers with greater autonomy over how and when they take up their discretionary time entitlements.
Cardiovascular dysautonomia in postacute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Ståhlberg Marcus , Mahdi Ali , Johansson Madeleine , Fedorowski Artur , Olshansky Brian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has led to a worldwide pandemic that continues to transform but will not go away. Cardiovascular dysautonomia in postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has led to persistent symptoms in a large number of patients. Here, we define the condition and its associated symptoms as well as potential mechanisms responsible. We provide a careful and complete overview of the topic addressing novel studies and a generalized approach to the management of individuals with this complex and potentially debilitating problem. We also discuss future research directions and the important knowledge gaps to be addressed in ongoing and planned studies.
A decision‐led evaluation approach for flood forecasting system developments: An application to the Global Flood Awareness System in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Sazzad , Cloke Hannah L. , Ficchì Andrea , Gupta Harshita , Speight Linda , Hassan Ahmadul , Stephens Elisabeth M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractScientific and technical changes to flood forecasting models are implemented to improve forecasts. However, responses to such changes are complex, particularly in global models, and evaluation of improvements remains focussed on generalised skill assessments and not on the most relevant outcomes for those taking decisions. Recently, the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS) flood forecasting model has been upgraded from version 2.1 to 3.1 with a significant change to its hydrological model structure. In the updated version 3.1, a single fully configured hydrological model (LISFLOOD) has been adopted, including ground water and river routing processes, instead of two coupled models, a land surface and a simplified hydrological model, of the previous version 2.1. This study aims to evaluate changes in the simulated behaviour of floods and the forecast skill of the two GloFAS versions based on different decision criteria for early action. We evaluate GloFAS reforecasts for the Brahmaputra and the Ganges Rivers in Bangladesh for the period 1999–2018. For the Brahmaputra River, the old GloFAS 2.1 version performs better than the 3.1 version, especially in predicting low‐ (90th percentile) and medium‐level (95th percentile) floods. For the Ganges, GloFAS 3.1 shows improved probability of detection of low‐ to medium‐level floods compared to version 2.1, especially for lead times longer than 10 days. Both versions show limited skill for more extreme floods (99th percentile) but results are less robust for these less frequent floods given the lower number of events. Using lead‐time dependent thresholds improves the false alarm ratio while reducing the probability of detection. The changes in model structures influence the model performance in a complex and varied way and forecast skill needs further investigation across regions and decision‐making criteria. Understanding the skill changes between different model versions is important for decision‐makers; however, focused case studies such as this should also be used by model developers to guide future changes to the system to ensure that they lead to improvements in decision‐making ability.
The impact of recentralization reform on corruption: evidence from a quasi‐natural experiment
Authors: Luu Hiep Ngoc , Nguyen Tram Anh , Nguyen Ngoc Minh , Le Dam Duc , Dao Khoi Trong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHow does government recentralization reform affect corruption? We utilize the pilot recentralization reform that transforms the legislative function, power, and responsibility of the district‐level authorities to the higher level of the government organ in Vietnam as a quasi‐natural experiment to address the aforementioned question. We find strong evidence that recentralization reform leads to lower corruption. The result illustrates that, among the firms which have the highest probability of making a bribe payment, those incorporated in jurisdictions experiencing the recentralization reform are 4.3% less likely to pay a bribe. In addition, the perception that bribery is a common and necessary practice is also significantly lowered in the post‐recentralization period. We further show that the impact of recentralization is stronger for firms which lack a political connection. Overall, these results shed light on the real impact of the government recentralization reform and also the determinants of corruption, thereby providing important policy implications for policymakers to create a more conducive business environment.
A large‐scale dataset of buildings and construction sites
Authors: Cheng Xuanhao , Jia Mingming , He Jian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of deep learning and machine automation technology, as well as workforce aging, increasing labor costs, and other issues, an increasing number of scholars have paid attention to the use of these techniques to solve problems in civil engineering. Although progress has been made in applying deep learning to damage detection, many subfields in civil engineering are still in the initial stage, and a large amount of data has not been used. Moreover, the rapid development of a field cannot be separated from large open‐source datasets and many researchers. Therefore, this study attempts to construct a dataset named the BCS dataset of nearly 212,000 photos of buildings and construction sites using multi‐threaded parallel crawler technology and offline collection. The dataset will be expanded regularly. As a practical demonstration, the StyleGAN3 and StyleGAN2 generative adversarial networks were utilized on the dataset to create faked safety hat images and high‐resolution architectural images. Subsequently, four classic classification models were employed to validate the dataset, achieving a Top‐1 accuracy of up to 0.947. These results underscore the dataset's excellent potential for practical applications.
Periodontitis and NAFLD‐related diseases: A bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Qiao Feng , Li Xiaoyan , Liu Yuchang , Zhang Shunming , Liu Dayong , Li Changyi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies have shown an association between periodontitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)‐related diseases. However, a causal relationship between these two diseases remains unclear. To examine the causal relationship between these two diseases, we conducted a bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genetic markers as proxies.MethodsStatistical summary was obtained from a large genome‐wide association study (GWAS) on NAFLD (N = 342,499), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, N = 342,499), fibrosis (N = 339,081), cirrhosis (N = 342,499), fibrosis/cirrhosis (N = 334,553), and periodontitis (N = 34,615) in the European ancestry. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main method to estimate the bidirectional association. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the rigidity of the results.ResultsLimited evidence indicated positive causal associations between genetically predicted NAFLD and periodontitis (IVW odds ratio [OR], 1.094; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.006–1.189; p = 0.036) and between cirrhosis and periodontitis (IVW OR, 1.138; 95% CI, 1.001–1.294; p = 0.048). However, the opposite trend did not indicate a causative effect of periodontitis on NAFLD‐related diseases. The sensitivity analysis revealed no obvious pleiotropy or heterogeneity.ConclusionsOur MR analysis provides new evidence in favor of the moderate causal impact of NAFLD on periodontitis. The causal effects of periodontitis on NAFLD‐related diseases warrant further investigation.
From the “Republic of Cousins” to foreign spouses: Transnational marriages in Türkiye
Authors: Deniz Ayla 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMarriage in Türkiye, as in many societies, is of great importance in the reproduction of life, and the choice of a spouse often involves the intervention of families and society. Within this structure, it is seen that marriages usually occur between extended family members or the same ethnic/sectarian groups. Nevertheless, mixed marriages between migrants with different ethnic, racial, religious, and cultural identities and settled people have increased in the last 30 years. The fluidity of the transnational social space created by marriages is effective in this increase. This paper reviews the current studies on mixed marriages in Türkiye from the perspective of transnational social spaces, which express a way of life somewhere between two communities and provides a link between them. It reflects the ways in which this fluidity affects the political and social positioning of mixed marriages and the agency of marriage migrants.