bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of irradiated food by immunoassay – development and optimization of an ELISA for dihydrothymidine in irradiated prawns
Authors: Tyreman Anne L. , Bonwick Graham A. , Smith Christopher J. , Coleman Robert C. , Beaumont Paul C. , Williams John H. H. 
Published: April 2004

SummaryThis paper describes the development and use of a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect prawns which have been irradiated. The ELISA utilizes a monoclonal antibody against a modified DNA base, dihydrothymidine. A comparison of extraction procedures demonstrated that DNA purification was not required and that crude prawn homogenate could be used in the ELISA. The ELISA was applied successfully to two prawn species, North Atlantic prawn (Pandalus borealis) and Tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon). The ELISA has a working range of 0.5–2 kGy with CVs typically below 10%. Storage of irradiated prawns for up to 12 months at −20 °C had no effect on ELISA performance. As most food contains DNA the assay has potential to be applied in a wide range of foodstuffs.
Romantic involvement and depressive symptoms in early and late adolescence: The role of a preoccupied relational style
Authors: Davila Joanne , Steinberg Sara J. , Kachadourian Lorig , Cobb Rebecca , Fincham Frank 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTwo studies examined the association between depressive symptoms and romantic involvement in adolescence and tested the hypothesis that romantic involvement is associated more strongly with symptoms among adolescents who have a more preoccupied style of relating, compared to adolescents who have a less preoccupied style of relating. Study 1 (N = 96 early adolescent females) examined concurrent associations and Study 2 (N = 80 late adolescent males and females) examined longitudinal associations. In both age groups, romantic involvement was associated with greater depressive symptoms and this was most true among adolescents with a preoccupied style of relating. Implications for models of depression and adolescent romantic functioning are discussed.
Measurement of communal strength
Authors: Mills Judson , Clark Margaret S. , Ford Thomas E. , Johnson Melanie 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCommunal strength refers to a person's degree of motivation to respond to a communal partner's needs. The development and testing of a questionnaire measure of communal strength is described. Study 1 involved item selection. Studies 2 and 3 found that the 10‐item communal strength measure taps a construct distinct from behavioral interdependence as measured by the Relationship Closeness Inventory of Berscheid, Snyder, and Omoto (1989) and distinct from liking for the partner. As expected, the measure correlated highly with Rubin's (1970) Love Scale. Studies 4 and 5 found the measure predicted allocation of benefits to peers and reports of giving help to, and receiving help from, friends. Study 6 found that, when answered in relation to the respondent's spouse, the measure predicted the spouse's marital satisfaction, after controlling for the respondent's communal orientation and own marital satisfaction.
Associations between insecure attachment and sexual experiences
Authors: Gentzler Amy L. , Kerns Kathryn A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAssociations between insecure attachment and sexual experiences were tested in a sample of 328 college students. Variations in adult attachment previously have been shown to relate to sexual behaviors, with the current study extending earlier work by examining different sexual outcomes and by testing factors that may account for these relations. Avoidant attachment was expected to relate to engagement in casual sex (i.e., a greater number of sexual partners and lower percentage of partners within committed relationships), with less restrictive sexual beliefs mediating the relations. In contrast, anxious attachment was expected to relate to more unwanted but consensual sexual experiences, and to more negative affect about sexual experiences, with low self‐esteem mediating the relations. Results showed some support for the hypotheses. Avoidant attachment was related to the type (but not number) of sexual partners, with sexual beliefs mediating the relations. A greater number of unwanted but consensual sexual experiences related to anxious and avoidant attachment for women and to avoidant attachment for men. Anxiety related to negative affect for women and men, and self‐esteem served as a partial mediator of these relations.
Testing of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuit Related Hemolysis Using Long‐term Stored Packed Red Cells and Fresh Frozen Plasma
Authors: Burda Gudrun , Trittenwein Hildegard , Carole Hamilton , Trittenwein Gerhard 
Published: April 2004

Abstract:  Background:  The resistance of blood used in these studies to hemolysis differs markedly from that used in neonatal extracorporeal circulation under clinical circumstances. In this study, the possibility of using expired packed red cells to determine hemolysis caused by mechanical and/or environmental factors was investigated.Methods:  Packed red blood cells stored for 42 days were mixed with fresh frozen plasma and the resultant mixture was divided into three groups, two study groups and a control. For the study groups, two different centrifugal pump heads (Medtronic BP 50 and Jostra RF 32) were used in an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit. Free hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, lactic acid, pH, potassium, and glucose were investigated at various time intervals.Results:  Hemolysis did not differ between the groups. Free hemoglobin increased in all groups after 12 h. Lactic acid increased linearly in all groups up to 12 h. Glucose and pH decreased steadily in all groups. Hemolysis created during mock ECMO did not differ between the circuits using the two different pump heads  noted.Conclusion:  Human  donor  blood  stored  up to its expiration date is a feasible medium for mock circulation tests of up to 12 h duration under the circumstances described.
HPV and histological status of pelvic lymph node metastases in cervical cancer: a prospective study
Authors: Lukaszuk K , Liss J , Wozniak I , Sliwinski W , Emerich J , Wojcikowski C 
Published: April 2004

Aims:The purpose of this prospective study was to describe the incidence and distribution pattern of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in intraoperative dissected lymph nodes and to relate this to the pathological confirmation of metastasis.Methods:Samples of primary cervical cancer lesions and dissected lymph nodes were obtained from women undergoing surgical treatment. The presence of HPV DNA was detected by the polymerase chain reaction.Results:Tissue from 79 tumours and 365 lymph nodes was analysed. Metastasis to the lymph nodes was found in 19 cases. Metastasis correlated with the volume of the primary lesion, the depth of cervical and vaginal invasion, and with invasion of the corpus. HPV DNA was found in 60 of the primary lesions and 31 of the lymph nodes. The presence of HPV DNA in the lymph nodes correlated with the volume of the primary lesion and vaginal invasion.Conclusions:The incidence of HPV DNA in lymph nodes is twice as high as that of histopathologically confirmed metastases. The risk of the presence of HPV DNA and histopathologically confirmed metastases in lymph nodes is related to certain features of the primary tumour.
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) sequence variations in HHV8 related tumours in Okinawa, a subtropical island in southern Japan
Authors: Kamiyama K , Kinjo T , Chinen K , Iwamasa T , Uezato H , Miyagi J-i , Mori N , Yamane N 
Published: April 2004

Background:Although rare in mainland Japan, classic Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is frequently reported in Okinawa, a subtropical island in southern Japan. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) has been identified in the tumours and geographical differences occur.Aim:To sequence HHV8 in classic and AIDS associated KS in Okinawa.Materials/Methods:Eight classic KS cases, one AIDS associated KS, five granuloma pyogenicum cases, two inflammatory pseudotumours, two Castleman’s disease cases, one angiosarcoma, and one primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) were studied. As a control, HHV8 positive cultured PEL cells (TY-1) were used. The presence of HHV8 sequences was evaluated by PCR and in situ hybridisation. PCR products were sequenced.Results:There were no histological differences among KS resulting from the different virus genotypes. HHV8 was detected in all cases of KS, in one PEL, and one granuloma pyogenicum. Eight classic KS cases and one granuloma pyogenicum were infected with HHV8 genotype II/C (K1 region) or subtype C (ORF26 region), which had a five amino acid deletion at K1 VR2 region. An AIDS associated KS and a PEL were infected with type I/A virus.Conclusion:In Okinawa, classic KS cases and one granuloma pyogenicum case were infected with HHV8 genotype II/C, also classified as subtype C. AIDS associated KS and PEL were infected with a different HHV8 (genotype I/A), similar to that found in the USA. In Okinawa, HHV8 infection is more than four times higher than in mainland Japan, resulting in many cases of KS because of HHV8 genotype II/C infection.
The prevalence and spectrum of α and β thalassaemia in Guangdong Province: implications for the future health burden and population screening
Authors: Xu X M , Zhou Y Q , Luo G X , Liao C , Zhou M , Chen P Y , Lu J P , Jia S Q , Xiao G F , Shen X , Li J , Chen H P , Xia Y Y , Wen Y X , Mo Q H , Li W D , Li Y Y , Zhuo L W , Wang Z Q , Chen Y J , Qin C H , Zhong M 
Published: April 2004

Aim:Thalassaemia is a good candidate disease for control by preventive genetic programmes in developing countries. Accurate population frequency data are needed for planning the control of thalassaemia in the high risk Guangdong Province of southern China.Methods:In total, 13 397 consecutive samples from five geographical areas of Guangdong Province were analysed for both haematological and molecular parameters.Results:There was a high prevalence of carriers of α thalassaemia (8.53%), β thalassaemia (2.54%), and both α and β thalassaemia (0.26%). Overall, 11.07% of the population in this area were heterozygous carriers of α and β thalassaemia. The mutation spectrum of α and β thalassaemia and its constitution were fully described in this area. This study reports the true prevalence of silent α thalassaemia in the southern China population for the first time. In addition, two novel mutations that give rise to α thalassaemia, one deletion resulting in β thalassaemia, and a rare deletion (−−THAIallele) previously unreported in mainland China were detected. The frequency of the most common mutation, the Southeast Asian type of deletion (−−SEA, accounting for 48.54% of all α thalassaemias) was similar to the total of two α+thalassaemia deletions (−α3.7and −α4.2, accounting for 47.49% of α thalassaemia).Conclusion:Both α and β thalassaemia are widely distributed in Guangdong Province of China. The knowledge gained in this study will enable the projected number of pregnancies at risk to be estimated and a screening strategy for control of thalassaemia to be designed in this area.
What was the Victim Wearing? Literary, Economic, and Social Contexts for the Parable of the Good Samaritan
Authors: Knowles Michael 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study addresses in turn specific scriptural, economic, and social contexts for Luke's parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:30-35). Reference to 2 Chron. 28:15, to contemporary Samaritan economic activity (specifically, oil and wine production), and especially to contemporary conventions of dress furthers our understanding of how the literary and narrative world of the parable relates to the literal and social world of Roman Palestine. Critical categories formulated by Russian literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin assist in clarifying the function of these references both within the narrative and for subsequent readers of Luke's text.
In Memory of Jesus: Grief Work in the Gospels
Authors: Syreeni Kari 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIt may be unusual to think of the Gospels as grief work, because these documents purport to be about the resurrected and living Jesus. However, once the four canonical Gospels are interpreted from this vantage-point, many typical features of grief work and a complex development from the earliest written document to the later ones can be observed. On what grounds can the notion of grief work be applied to texts written two or three generations after the original loss (the death of Jesus)? The author contends that this is possible because grief work (1) was a matter of the emerging Christian movement at large, (2) is involved in the general notion of "coping" in changing situations, (3) becomes a literary phenomenon with the writing of the Gospels, and (4) continues to have new objects after the original loss. Finally, it is suggested that the resurrection belief itself can be seen as a "coping" device.
Induction of cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in VEGF-A transgenic mice results in chronic skin inflammation associated with persistent lymphatic hyperplasia
Authors: Kunstfeld Rainer , Hirakawa Satoshi , Hong Young-Kwon , Schacht Vivien , Lange-Asschenfeldt Bernhard , Velasco Paula , Lin Charles , Fiebiger Edda , Wei Xunbin , Wu Yan , Hicklin Daniel , Bohlen Peter , Detmar Michael 
Published: April 2004

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression is up-regulated in several inflammatory diseases including psoriasis, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, and rheumatoid arthritis. To directly characterize the biologic function of VEGF-A in inflammation, we evaluated experimental DTH reactions induced in the ear skin of transgenic mice that overexpress VEGF-A specifically in the epidermis. VEGF-A transgenic mice underwent a significantly increased inflammatory response that persisted for more than 1 month, whereas inflammation returned to baseline levels within 7 days in wild-type mice. Inflammatory lesions in VEGF-A transgenic mice closely resembled human psoriasis and were characterized by epidermal hyperplasia, impaired epidermal differentiation, and accumulation of dermal CD4+ T-lymphocytes and epidermal CD8+ lymphocytes. Surprisingly, VEGF-A also promoted lymphatic vessel proliferation and enlargement, which might contribute to the increased inflammatory response, as lymphatic vessel enlargement was also detected in human psoriatic skin lesions. Combined systemic treatment with blocking antibodies against VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) and VEGFR-2 potently inhibited inflammation and also decreased lymphatic vessel size. Together, these findings reveal a central role of VEGF-A in promoting lymphatic enlargement, vascular hyperpermeability, and leukocyte recruitment, thereby leading to persistent chronic inflammation. They also indicate that inhibition of VEGF-A bioactivity might be a new approach to anti-inflammatory therapy.
Impaired platelet responses to thrombin and collagen in AKT-1–deficient mice
Authors: Chen Juhua , De Sarmishtha , Damron Derek S. , Chen William S. , Hay Nissim , Byzova Tatiana V. 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
We investigated the role of Akt-1, one of the major downstream effectors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), in platelet function using mice in which the gene for Akt-1 had been inactivated. Using ex vivo techniques, we showed that Akt-1-deficient mice exhibited impaired platelet aggregation and spreading in response to various agonists. These differences were most apparent in platelets activated with low concentrations of thrombin. Although Akt-1 is not the predominant Akt isoform in mouse platelets, its absence diminished the amount of total phospho-Akt and inhibited increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in response to thrombin. Moreover, thrombin-induced platelet α-granule release as well as release of adenosine triphosphate from dense granules was also defective in Akt-1-null platelets. Although the absence of Akt-1 did not influence expression of the major platelet receptors for thrombin and collagen, fibrinogen binding in response to these agonists was significantly reduced. As a consequence of impaired αIIbβ3 activation and platelet aggregation, Akt-1 null mice showed significantly longer bleeding times than wild-type mice. (Blood. 2004;104:1703-1710)
The integrin αMβ2 anchors hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow during enforced mobilization
Authors: Hidalgo Andrés , Peired Anna J. , Weiss Linnea A. , Katayama Yoshio , Frenette Paul S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe sulfated polysaccharide fucoidan can rapidly mobilize hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and long-term repopulating stem cells from the bone marrow (BM) to the circulation. While searching for mechanisms involved in this phenomenon we found that BM myeloid cells bound to fucoidan through the integrin αMβ2 (macrophage antigen-1 [Mac-1]) and L-selectin resulting in αMβ2-independent release of neutrophil elastase, but inhibition of elastase activity did not impair fucoidan-induced mobilization. Mobilization of HPCs by fucoidan was enhanced in animals deficient in αM (αM–/–) compared with wild-type (αM+/+) animals and higher plasma levels of the chemokine CXCL12/stromal cell–derived factor-1 (SDF-1) were achieved in αM–/– mice by fucoidan treatment. However, in chimeric animals harboring αM+/+ and αM–/– HPCs in the BM, αM–/– HPCs were preferentially mobilized by fucoidan, suggesting that the enhanced mobilization is cell intrinsic and does not result from altered microenvironment. Suboptimal doses of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or cyclophosphamide (CY) also resulted in enhanced HPC mobilization in αM–/– mice compared with αM+/+ controls, but this difference was overcome when standard doses of G-CSF or CY were administered. Taken together, these data suggest that the integrin αMβ2 participates in the retention of HPCs in the BM.
Phase 1 trial study of 131I-labeled chimeric 81C6 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Rizzieri David A. , Akabani Gamal , Zalutsky Michael R. , Coleman R. Edward , Metzler Scott D. , Bowsher James E. , Toaso Bonnie , Anderson Elizabeth , Lagoo Anand , Clayton Steve , Pegram Charles N. , Moore Joseph O. , Gockerman Jon P. , DeCastro Carlos , Gasparetto Cristina , Chao Nelson J. , Bigner Darell D. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe report a phase 1 study of pharmacokinetics, dosimetry, toxicity, and response of 131I anti-tenascin chimeric 81C6 for the treatment of lymphoma. Nine patients received a dosimetric dose of 370 MBq (10 mCi). Three patients received an administered activity of 1480 MBq (40 mCi), and 2 developed hematologic toxicity that required stem cell infusion. Six patients received an administered activity of 1110 MBq (30 mCi), and 2 developed toxicity that required stem cell infusion. The clearance of whole-body activity was monoexponential with a mean effective half-life of 110 hours (range, 90-136 hours) and a mean effective whole-body residence time of 159 hours (range, 130-196 hours). There was rapid uptake within the viscera; however, tumor uptake was slower. Activity in normal viscera decreased proportional to the whole body; however, tumor sites presented a slow clearance (T1/2, 86-191 hours). The mean absorbed dose to whole-body was 67 cGy (range, 51-89 hours), whereas the dose to tumor sites was 963 cGy (range, 363-1517 cGy). Despite lack of a “blocking” antibody, 1 of 9 patients attained a complete remission and 1 a partial remission. These data demonstrate this radiopharmaceutical to be an encouraging agent for the treatment of lymphoma particularly if methods to protect the normal viscera are developed.
Induction of antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell anergy and deletion by in vivo viral gene transfer
Authors: Dobrzynski Eric , Mingozzi Federico , Liu Yi-Lin , Bendo Elisabeth , Cao Ou , Wang Lixin , Herzog Roland W. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractImmune responses to the therapeutic gene product are a potentially serious complication in treatment of genetic disease by gene therapy. Induction and maintenance of immunologic hypo-responsiveness to the therapeutic antigen is therefore critical to the success of gene-based treatment of inherited protein deficiency. Here, we demonstrate induction of antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell tolerance to a secreted transgene product (ovalbumin, ova) in ova-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice by hepatic adeno-associated virus (AAV)–mediated gene transfer. Transduced mice maintained stable circulating ova levels without evidence of an immune response. Lymph node cells and splenocytes were hypo-responsive to ova as early as day 10 after gene transfer. Numbers of TCR+CD4+ cells were reduced in secondary lymphoid organs and in the thymus by 1 to 2 months after vector administration. The remaining TCR+CD4+ cell population was anergic to ova antigen in vitro and enriched for CD25+ cells. These data provide direct evidence that transgene expression following in vivo viral gene transfer can induce CD4+ T-cell tolerance to the transgene product, involving anergy and deletion mechanisms.
Expression of the β-glucan receptor, Dectin-1, on murine leukocytes in situ correlates with its function in pathogen recognition and reveals potential roles in leukocyte interactions
Authors: Reid Delyth M , Montoya Maria , Taylor Philip R , Borrow Persephone , Gordon Siamon , Brown Gordon D , Wong Simon Y C 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDectin-1 is a pathogen-recognition receptor on macrophages (MΦs), neutrophils, and dendritic cells (DCs). On MΦs and bone marrow-derived DCs, it has been shown to mediate the nonopsonic recognition of and response to soluble and particulate yeast β-glucans. We have optimized the immunohistochemical detection of Dectin-1 and demonstrated its expression on neutrophils, subpopulations of MΦs in splenic red and white pulp, alveolar MΦs, Kupffer cells, and MΦs and DCs in the lamina propria of gut villi. This is consistent with its role in pathogen surveillance. A significant proportion of CD11c+ splenic DCs expressed Dectin-1, but expression was not restricted to any one subset. Dectin-1 expression was low on resident MΦs and DCs of skin and was not detected on resident MΦs or DCs in kidney, heart, brain, or eye. The proposed, additional role of Dectin-1 as a coreceptor for T cell activation is supported by its expression on DCs in the T cell areas of the spleen and lymph nodes. Strong expression of Dectin-1 on subpopulations of MΦs and DCs in the medullary and corticomedullary regions of the thymus suggests a role distinct from pathogen recognition. Tissue localization thus revealed potential roles of Dectin-1 in leukocyte interactions during innate immune responses and T cell development.