bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Peril to Partnership
Authors: Angelo Paul J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Plan Colombia and the Mérida Initiative are the two most significant US security assistance efforts in Latin America in the twenty-first century. At a time of flagging US objectives in the Middle East and Central Asia, Colombia was a rare US foreign policy victory—a showcase for stabilization and security sector reform. Conversely, Mexico struggled to turn the tide on the country’s scourge of crime and violence, despite an influx of resources for professionalizing the country’s security, defense, and judicial institutions. As Washington reconsiders its approach to stabilizing crisis countries after a challenging withdrawal from Afghanistan, From Peril to Partnership’s comparative analysis of Colombia and Mexico offers lessons for scholars and policymakers alike, providing insights into the efficacy of US security assistance and the necessary conditions and stakeholders in partner nations that facilitate success. Crucially, private-sector support, interparty consensus on security policies, and the centralization of the security bureaucracy underpinned Colombia’s success. The absence of these features in Mexico contributed to its descent into chaos, culminating in its highest-ever homicide rate by the end of the 2010s. Drawing on extensive fieldwork, this book evaluates the extent to which security assistance programs helped improve the operational effectiveness and democratic accountability of Washington’s partners—Colombian and Mexican security forces. It reveals why Plan Colombia achieved its objectives and the Mérida Initiative underdelivered in Mexico. Most important, it transcends drug war theatrics and the one-size-fits-all approach to US-led stabilization—restoring agency to the institutions receiving US security assistance, and helping chart a course toward more nuanced, effective US policy.
Evaluating Security Sector Reform in Colombia and Mexico
Authors: Angelo Paul J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 evaluates the extent to which security sector reform, enabled by Plan Colombia and the Mérida Initiative, resulted in improved effectiveness and accountability among security forces. In Colombia, military and police forces demonstrated an enhanced ability to provide for citizen security, but their tenuous accountability under the law for human rights abuses and corruption, albeit improved, remained a major challenge to democratic governance. The false positives scandal is emblematic of the ongoing difficulty to deliver expeditious justice for abuses committed by state agents. In Mexico, the security sector was barely more effective at delivering citizen security or more accountable to civilian authorities and the judicial and legislative branches after ten years of reform and reorganization. This lack of efficacy reflected the overall limits of security assistance at improving security sector governance.
Bringing in Big Business
Authors: Angelo Paul J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 underscores the importance of private-sector support for government security strategies, as such support tends to boost local ownership of security sector reform and enhance accountability of security and defense institutions. In Colombia, the failure of peace talks with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, or FARC) insurgents in 2002 prompted business and political elites alike to support institutional modernization of the security forces as the solution to the country’s armed conflict. The introduction of a Democratic Security Tax complemented Plan Colombia, financed security sector reform, and incentivized public oversight of the government’s security strategy. In Mexico, state and municipal security taxes levied in consultation with local businesses in Ciudad Juárez and Monterrey resulted in similarly auspicious results. However, at the federal level in Mexico, historic distrust between financial and political elites rendered private sector leaders reluctant to back federal security strategies, diminishing opportunities for the business sector to help set the security agenda and shape outcomes.
Conclusion: Security Assistance and Local Preferences and Power Relations
Authors: Angelo Paul J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The conclusion highlights the principal lessons of US security assistance to Colombia and Mexico, underscoring the policy implications and providing recommendations for further research. It emphasizes private-sector contributions, legislative consultations, and whole-of-government agenda setting as top facilitators of security sector reform. It argues that conditions traditionally seen as unfavorable for security sector reform—economic depression, armed conflict, and clientelism, for example—did not impede progress in Colombia. However, security assistance stands its best change of improving security sector governance when it avoids disrupting existing balances of power in recipient countries, even if that means accepting hybrid security governance rather than governance that aligns more closely with liberal democratic principles. It finally offers broad observations about citizen security in Colombia and Mexico.
#SayHerName, #MeToo, me too, and Prince Harry
Authors: Zack Naomi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Crenshaw applied intersectionality to black female victims of police violence, who are not known or recognized by the public. This current ignorance about the suffering of black women has a long history of oppression backed up by negative stereotypes. Since colonial times, black women have occupied the lowest status in society and have been denied protections accorded to white women. Female slaves were bred against their will, and contemporary black female victims of intimate partner violence are not helped because they lack credibility and are believed to be mannish and combative. While #MeToo has received outsized attention because those who step forward are rich and glamourous, its predecessor, me too, founded by Tarana Burke in the Bronx in 2006, is obscure. Cases of privileged people, such as Prince Harry, who are multiply oppressed, continue to receive media attention, but they do not fulfil the requirements for intersectionality subjects.
Women and Racial/Ethnic Minorities during COVID-19*
Authors: Zack Naomi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, people with disabilities and homeless people were especially vulnerable. Among the rest of the population, age was a disadvantage intersection, affecting the elderly and sometimes children. Women suffered most from lockdowns, although after vaccination, their employment returned to prepandemic levels. All minorities were vulnerable due to preexisting, socially constructed comorbidities such as heart disease, diabetes, and asthma. But the racial/ethnic group most severely affected turned out to be Hispanic/Latino Americans. Overall, although the COVID-19 pandemic has been regarded as over and in the past, like other disasters, it has entered normal society as a form of constant risk.
Minorities and Higher Education
Authors: Zack Naomi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Intersectional analyses can include liberatory factors for minorities in higher education. There have been disputes among intersectionality theorists over its geographical and racial extension, leading to questions of who may practice it. But intersectionality is not property that can be owned beyond standards for citations and respect for copyright laws. As part of intellectual culture, intersectionality belongs to everyone. Still, appropriation must be guarded against, because black women have a history of being stereotyped as intellectually deficient, as well as previous exclusion from higher education. College education is a white middle-class practice supported by institutional ideals of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. Minorities may continue to experience barriers to success within higher education, but there are also new opportunities for identity development, as well as advancement.
Motivational Interviewing
Authors: Butt Lester , Wegener Stephen T. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents the philosophical underpinnings of motivational interviewing (MI) and the values and spirit that arise from these philosophies. The spirit of MI is marked by acceptance: unconditional positive regard, withholding judgment, and supporting autonomy; compassion: being mindful of the burdens patients carry; empowerment: seeking understanding and recognition of persons’ perspectives motivations, and strengths; and partnership: not “to” but “with,” combining the expertise of the professional with the person’s expertise of themselves. Communication styles may be classified into directing, following, or guiding based on the relative balance of asking, listening, and informing. The guiding style helps avoid traps and pitfalls that undermine the therapeutic alliance and prevent progress. MI can be conceptualized as “refined guiding” in that it involves a purposeful conversation, to elicit the patient’s own arguments for change and engagement. MI is not a set of techniques but a way of being with patients, families, and team members.
Self-Management
Authors: Lee Danbi , Gecht-Silver Maureen , Ehrlich-Jones Linda 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents how motivational interviewing (MI) can be incorporated to support patients in the process of self-management. Effective self-management, such as medical, emotional, and role management, is essential to optimizing health outcomes for people with chronic conditions. Although the need for self-management support in rehabilitation may be evident, it is not always clear what steps clinicians can take to enhance patient engagement in self-management. MI provides a set of skills and principles that guide clinicians to work in a collaborative relationship with their patients and promote self-management. MI spirit lays the foundation for self-management, helping clinicians share power and identify patient strengths. MI skills can facilitate self-management readiness by evoking the patient’s treatment priorities, values, and meaningful activities they aspire to return to. The four MI tasks guide clinicians in helping patients attain self-management skills. Case studies provide examples of how MI and self-management work together in rehabilitation.
Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Bombardier Charles H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Rehabilitation patients may be unprepared or reluctant to have assessment and treatment of depression and anxiety as part of their medical rehabilitation program. Therefore, this chapter focuses on the use of motivational interviewing (MI) to facilitate acceptance of mental health screening, assessment, and treatment within rehabilitation. Open questions and reflections as well as normalizing can be used to smoothly transition from the patient’s chief concerns to standard mental health screening and assessment. When treatment is indicated, strategies such as affirmations, importance–confidence rulers, and ask-offer-ask can improve willingness to accept mental health interventions. Finally, MI strategies can be used to improve mental health treatment outcomes. Pretreatment with MI can prepare people to engage more actively in mental health treatment. These strategies can be used as needed during treatment when adherence wanes. A third option is to infuse standard mental health treatment protocols with MI principles to enhance treatment outcomes.
Explaining Crime Events and Criminal Careers
Authors: Wikström Per-Olof H. , Treiber Kyle , Roman Gabriela Diana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter outlines in detail the foundation and key propositions of Situational Action Theory (SAT) and its Developmental Ecological Action (DEA) model , providing an up-to-date account addressing key questions and challenges that have been raised by other scholars. The DEA model is the application of SAT to the problem of explaining continuity and changes in people’s crime involvement, and will guide empirical analyses of criminal careers in subsequent chapters. This chapter details and discusses the basic concepts and assumptions underpinning the DEA model, including those relating to the nature of crime events, people, and societies. It presents the key entities (units of analysis), main causal elements, and basic causal processes the DEA model proposes involved in the explanation of crime and criminal careers, with particular attention to key psychoecological processes associated with the development of crime propensities—moral education and cognitive nurturing—and socioecological processes associated with the development of criminogenic activity fields—self and social selection. It also compares and contrasts SAT with a number of influential criminological theories to highlight and clarify distinctions between SAT’s theoretical propositions and common criminological assumptions, e.g. rational choice theory, social and self-control theories, differential association and social learning theory, and the theory of moral disengagement. This chapter concludes that SAT provides a dynamic explanation of crime events and patterns over time, an assertion that is tested in subsequent chapters.
Crime and Criminal Careers
Authors: Wikström Per-Olof H. , Treiber Kyle , Roman Gabriela Diana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Accurately measuring rare and often censored events like acts of crime poses many challenges, many of which are very difficult to overcome in practice. To resolve these difficulties, criminologists often rely on key assumptions about crime and its measurement. This chapter begins by examining these challenges and their implications, critiquing some commonly adopted solutions, and analysing which are most constructive; these include the challenge of accurately measuring rare events like crime events; accounting for the temporal ordering of crime events, crime propensities, and criminogenic exposure; and characterising people’s changing levels of crime involvement. Building on this analysis of and response to these challenges, the chapter then presents core findings regarding features of young people’s crime involvement and criminal careers, using both police-recorded and self-reported data, as a starting point for analysing crime trajectories in Chapter 5. This chapter underscores the importance of addressing these challenges for the effective study of crime, its causes, and how and why it changes over time.
Criminogenic Circumstances and Exposure
Authors: Wikström Per-Olof H. , Treiber Kyle , Roman Gabriela Diana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Bridging the gap between the person and environment in the explanation of crime is a key facet of SAT, and bridging that gap in longitudinal research is a key aim of PADS+. Consequently, this chapter explores in detail people’s criminogenic exposure from early adolescence into early adulthood, including the time they spend in criminogenic settings and the crime-proneness of their peers. It discusses the challenges of measuring the environments that influence their development and action—settings and the activity fields they constitute—including their relevant features; and the specific features to which a particular person is exposed. It explains how the PADS+ space–time budget methodology addresses these challenges. It also discusses the challenges of measuring peer influences and empirically analyses the validity of the common critique that self-report measures of one’s peers’ deviance is another measure for one’s. The chapter goes on to explore patterns of stability and change in exposure over time in the PADS+ data, identifying two distinct trajectories. It explores how young people following these trajectories vary in their criminogenic exposure, characteristics of their time use (e.g., time spent with peers, parents, and in school), and demographic characteristics, to better understand how their distinct patterns of exposure relate to their social contexts, social relationships, and overall activity fields. It concludes that criminogenic exposure shows significant variation between participants as well as patterns of change during adolescence and into young adulthood, and that social relationships (e.g. peers and family) are a particularly important feature.
Do Changing Connections to Key Social Institutions Influence Crime Propensities, Criminogenic Exposure, and Crime Involvement through Adolescence and into Early Adulthood?
Authors: Wikström Per-Olof H. , Treiber Kyle , Roman Gabriela Diana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores how changing social relationships from adolescence to young adulthood are associated with changes in crime propensity and criminogenic exposure, and subsequently crime involvement. This is analysed through participants’ connections to key social institutions—family, school, and work—which shape the social context in which they develop and act. The first part of the chapter explores how changing family and school relationships continue to influence crime propensity and criminogenic exposure up to age 16; while the second part captures the changes that occur, and differences that emerge, in people’s connections to key social institutions after age 16 and how these are associated with patterns of development in their crime propensity, criminogenic exposure, and crime involvement in late adolescence and early adulthood. Overall, these analyses illustrate the continuing association between contemporaneous social relationships and people’s crime propensities and criminogenic exposure, and consequent crime involvement, and how changes in those social relationships are linked to developmental trajectories of crime propensity, criminogenic exposure, and crime.
Creative Arts, Aesthetic Experience, and the Therapeutic Connection in Eating Disorders
Authors: Tan Jacinta , Nahman Carolyn , Chitale Kiran , Anderson Stephen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The treatment of eating disorders is often challenging. Clinicians may struggle to engage collaboratively with both patients and their family members. This is because eating disorders can lead to cognitive rigidity, changes of identity, a narrowing of focus, withdrawal inwards, and increasing difficulty in being flexible in thinking, behaving, and expressing oneself. The aesthetic domain of experience, by accessing emotion and making meaning with minimal language, can be immensely helpful in creating opportunities to enable non-judgemental discovery and exploration of meanings, experiences, and desires. It can also potentially help people who have eating disorders to express what is often a ‘felt’ disorder of embodiment, perception, and identity, rather than a ‘thought’ disorder of cognitions, beliefs, and rationality. In this chapter, the authors will focus on exploring how aesthetic experience as a component of engagement with the arts can be encountered in the experience of both living with and treating eating disorders. The authors will illustrate this with a range of examples from research and creative art and poetry. The authors suggest that understanding and acknowledging aesthetic experiences in eating disorders is important in understanding and exploring eating disorders, for both people who have eating disorders and those to seek to treat them.
Agrarian Justice and Environmental Justice
Authors: Martínez-Alier Joan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Environmental conflicts imply disputes over access to land, water, and breathable air. To increase their biomass production to sell to world markets, capitalists and governments appropriate land and water for irrigation or hydropower, and use pesticides to eliminate competitors. The ultimate causes of the conflicts over land, water, and clean air are growth and the changes in the social metabolism and the technologies used to expand or deepen the commodity extraction frontiers to get biomass or other forms of energy and materials. Those who are dispossessed or deprived of access can be peasants, pastoralists, and Indigenous peoples. Accordingly, they form countermovements of resistance, as registered, for instance, in the Global Atlas of Environmental Justice, the EJAtlas (www.ejatlas.org).
On Ecological Degradation and the Practice of Purification in Urban Mongolia
Authors: Abrahms-Kavunenko Saskia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia’s capital city, Buddhist rituals often involve purifying spiritual contamination and bad karma as well as the revitalization of stagnant energies. This chapter engages Buddhist practices of purification and revitalization in the context of a polluted postsocialist city. As the city’s air quality has degenerated, urban smog has taken on negative associations, such as sluggishness and uncertainty. As smog inundates the city, it has become a metaphor for obscuration, confusion, and stagnation. This chapter focuses on the ways that Mongolian lay Buddhists negotiate religious practice in a polluted urban environment. It will highlight the importance of situating lived Buddhism within the built environments that people reside in (including architecture and infrastructure), relationships with other living beings (including animals and plants), impersonal forces (such as the weather and climate change), and pollution.
Meeting the Buddha
Authors: Starkey Caroline 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A growing number of transnational Buddhist groups in contemporary Britain engage with “spiritual tourism” through the provision of introductory retreats targeted at a non-Buddhist audience. These retreats, either over a weekend or longer, typically focus on teaching the basics of meditation and adjacent “beginner” Buddhist practices, while aiming to develop community, deepen and solidify Buddhist practice on British soil, and respond to demands for improved mental, physical, and spiritual well-being within wider society. This chapter, drawing on detailed examples from qualitative work conducted within Buddhist organizations in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, investigates the role that introductory retreats play, giving focus to the ways that these retreats intersect with spiritual tourism. Underpinning this investigation is a fundamental question: How does an examination of the introductory retreats provided by British Buddhist centers highlight the ways that Buddhism is expressed, represented, and experienced in the contemporary world?
Healing through Days of Mindfulness and Retreats in the Southern United States
Authors: Schedneck Brooke 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Magnolia Grove, a branch monastery in the lineage of Thich Nhat Hanh, located in Batesville, Mississippi, aims to promote healing through an integrated set of practices related to mindfulness. Coming back to ourselves and the present moment is at the core of Magnolia Grove’s teachings on transforming negative emotions, healing relationships, and protecting the environment. Interviews with Magnolia Grove monastics demonstrate that their teachings are integrated with secular and scientific discourses as a way to express mindful teachings and promote healing. Narratives from lay practitioners reveal the ways that healing and transformation have occurred in their lives through the mindfulness teachings and practices learned through days of mindfulness and retreats at Magnolia Grove.