bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Queer Breasted Experience
Authors: Hall Kim Q 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the great achievements of feminist theory and activism is its critique of the patriarchal medicalization of the female body, a critique that bears some similarity to the critique of the medical model by disability studies, queer theory, and both queer and disability rights movements. From the perspective of feminism, queer theory, and disability studies, medical models have made visible, categorized, observed, pathologized, and exerted control over the body in ways that have been harmful for all marginalized groups. For example, just as feminists have criticized the medical community’s patriarchal distortions of female bodily processes (such as pregnancy) and female anatomy (such as the vagina), disability studies asks us to rethink how disability has been marked by the medical model as bodily anomaly in need of correction or cure. Similarly, queer theorists critique the medical model’s diagnosis of transgender bodies as the product of Gender Identity Disorder: a patriarchal characterization of transgender bodies as “abnormal” bodies due to their failure to conform to binary gender norms.
The Germ of Phylogeny
Authors: Sapp Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1866, Ernst Haeckel (1834’1919) proposed a new kingdom based on the concept of phylogeny, which included precellular organisms he called mineral. He called the kingdom Protista, and he elaborated principles of phylogeny in his landmark two-volume Generally Morphologies. That book, he said, was the “first attempt to introduce the Descent Theory into the systematic classification of animals and plants, and to found a ’natural system’ on the basis of genealogy; that is, to construct hypothetical pedigrees for the various species of organisms.’ The book contained tables with the genealogical histories of plants, animals, and protests, as well as the first outline of a phylogenetic tree of life.
Kingdoms at Biology’s Borders
Authors: Sapp Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There had been five proposals for a third kingdom of organisms by the 1870s. Few biologists accepted any of them. Those early discussions fell into oblivion, as nature was partitioned according to biology’s overriding institutional dichotomy: zoology and botany. Protista and protozoa were divided among botanists and zoologists as “lower plants’ and “lower animals.’ The green flagellates from which plants were thought to have descended, along with the bacteria, were in the domain of botanists, and the colorless “protozoa,’ that of zoologists
On the Unity of Life
Authors: Sapp Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The prokaryotic—eukaryotic distinction was warmly welcomed by biologists. It seemed to dispel all the confusion about bacterial cell structure that had persisted for 100 years.1 It also had the less conspicuous but equally important effect of closing discussion about the common ancestry of the bacteria, depicted as forms that preceded and gave rise to eukaryotes. To appreciate this significance is to recognize the extent to which microbiologists had previously supposed that bacteria constituted a polyphyletic group of distantly related organisms. In the absence of a phylogenetic understanding, bacteria could have originated once or many times, as discussed since the time of Haeckel.
A Third Form of Life
Authors: Sapp Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The 16S RRNA results were received quietly until the announcement in 1977 of another primary kingdom of organisms, the Archaebacteria. It was a diverse group of odd organisms dispersed throughout bacterial taxonomy: methanogens, a morphologically varied group that live in anaerobic environments where even trace amounts of oxygen were lethal to them; extreme halophiles, which live in brines five times as salty as the oceans; and extreme thermophiles, which live in geothermal environments that would cook other organisms. The conceptualization of this urkingdom figures as one of the key developments shaping the history of modern microbial evolutionary biology.
Against Adaptationism
Authors: Sapp Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
were the signs of urkingdoms inscribed as signatures in one molecule? The archaebacteria program in Woese’s lab was two-pronged: (1) to explore the expanse of the newly proposed kingdom by analyzing the 16S rRNA of other unusual kinds of microbes, and (2) to search for phenotypic traits to corroborate the rRNA evidence. Extreme halophiles that thrived in conditions salty enough to kill typical bacteria and the thermoacidophile Thermo plasma were on Wise’s research agenda. These organisms were considered to be completely unrelated, their unusual chemical features thought to have arisen as independent adaptations to life in “extreme’ environments. Their 16S RNA analysis led to a radically different understanding. Together with the methanogens, they were a phylogenetic ally coherent group. To thus expand the kingdom was to confront pan-adaptations thinking that permeated biology.
Is There a Medical Profession in The House?
Authors: Buchanan Allen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a growing awareness that the new conditions under which medicine is practiced in this country are creating or at least exacerbating conflicts of interest in the physician–patient relationship. On the one hand, private insurers and government agencies are exerting pressure on physicians to cut costs by reducing utilization of services. The result is that physicians increasingly practice under incentives for underutilization of services—that is, for utilizing fewer services or lesser quantities of given services than would be optimal from the standpoint of the patient’s best interest. On the other hand, hospital administrators and entrepreneurial physicians themselves are creating incentive structures designed to increase revenues even at the price of overutilization of services—that is, providing services that exceed what is optimal from the standpoint of the patient’s best interest. Whenever the incentive structure under which physicians practice either rewards or penalizes them for utilizing services that are not in the patient’s best interest or for not utilizing services that are in the patient’s best interest, a conflict of interest exists.
At Theresa Schiavo’s Bedside: A Guardian’s Role and Reflections
Authors: Wolfson Jay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I swam in the waters surrounding Theresa Marie (Terri) Schiavo at the end of her life. The state had appointed me to serve as Ms. Schiavo’s special guardian ad litem, reporting to Governor Bush and the courts in what was probably the most public death of any private person in history.
Oxford Guides to Chaucer The Shorter Poems
Authors: Minnis A J , Scattergood V J , Smith J J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This third volume in the highly successful Oxford Guides to Chaucer series offers a much needed introduction to Chaucer's Shorter Poems. General chapters on the social and cultural contexts of the Shorter Poems are supplemented by a guide to the genre they mostly exemplify - the love-vision form. The volume then provides individual chapters on the Book of the Duchess, the House of Fame, the Parliament of Fowls, the Legend of Good Women, and the short poems; there is also an extensive appendix on Chaucher's language. The views of critics who wrote over fifty years ago are interwoven with those of contemporary scholars; traditional work on dates and sources is combined with up-to-date theoretical approaches; established methods in literary history sit alongside today's historicist procedures; and medieval hermeneutics are discssed in the light of those of the modern era. Introducing Chaucer, the volume maintains, must entail the presentation of the diverse methods of reading Chaucer. Lively, provocative, and comprehensive, Chaucer's Shorter Poems will at last make accessible a crucial but often neglected part of Chaucer's oeuvre.
The Enemy’s Country
Authors: Hill Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Geoffrey Hill is University Professor at Boston University. He holds an honorary D. Litt. from the University of Leeds and is an Honorary Fellow of both Keble College, Oxford and Emmanuel College, Cambridge. Amongst many other recognitions of his work as a poet, he has received the Hawthornden Prize and the Whitbread Award. He gave the Clark Lectures, on which this book is based, in 1986. `Well done!' is a familiar cry with a complex sense. It may applaud the merest knack, patronize a decent competence, or squarely recognize something at once finely-achieved and morally just. The language of true valuing is constantly shadowed by parodies of itself - sales-talk, sociable politeness, or gush. The Enemy's Country is concerned with the ways in which judgement is conveyed through language, and with the difficulty of clearing the terms of judgement not from but for the pressures of circumstance so that what is said may be fitting. Poetry has sometimes been credited with a special place as a form of conduct in language, as if it were a world of words of its own from which the poet masterfully dispenses a distinctly free speech. These essays enquire whether such high praises, even when sincere, are apt to the real conditions of poets' work, to their share of drudgery, their fears of misapprehension or their need to please, to the entanglements of meaning in historical communities. The 'sheer perfection' of lyric utterance is shown to involve a recognition and acceptance of the poet's place in `the scheme of things', a scheme of business and accommodation which is not ideally clean but which remains a ground of the art's refinement. Dryden is at the centre of the book. Around his exemplary figure, Geoffrey Hill describes with biting erudition and minutely sympathetic imagination the perplexities and felicity of genius in writers such as Donne, Hobbes, and Marvell. The book closes with a study of Pound's `Envoi:1919' in which Hill, characteristically, brings together humour, scrupulousness, and enquiring commitment to the hopes of poetry. The Enemy's Country enacts `virtue's struggle to clear and maintain its own meaning amid the commonplace approximation, the common practice of men'.
Unhappy Circumstances
Authors: Hill Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aubrey records that the philosopher Thomas Hobbes, although ‘marvellous happy and ready in his replies’ when baited by the ‘witts at Court’, was reluctant to ‘conclude hastily’ in questions of weight and import: ‘he turned and winded and compounded in philosophy, politiques, etc. as if he had been at Amlyticall worke.’ This distinction between the particular virtues of instant repartee and of protracted and complex deliberation merits some remark at the present time when, it could fairly be said, the force of the distinction has been largely forgotten and when to ‘turn’ and ‘wind’ and ‘compound’ in one’s arguments is to be taken as being contemptuously self-regarding, as holding oneself wilfully aloof from the proper business of discourse and communication.
Introduction
Authors: Kumar Udaya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is an inescapable contemporaneity to Joyce’s texts, even half a century after his death. However, this contemporaneity is itself the symptom of a history-that of our ways of reading. More profoundly, it is also a symptom of the continuous modifications and redefinitions that have taken place in our understanding of the task of interpretation itself. The enigmas and puzzles that Joyce put in his texts have continued to ensure his immortality, but our notions of enigmas and puzzles in literary texts have also undergone changes. The context of a reading of Joyce involves these several levels of history. Inevitably, this book is itself a contemporary reading of Joyce. However, it also seeks to situate itself, recognizing that the ground occupied by a contemporary reading of Joyce is complex and rather ill-defined. The transformations in our understanding of literary texts, primarily due to a series of events in contemporary philosophy, literary theory, and other disciplines, have immensely contributed to a rereading of Joyce’s work. What has come to be called post-structuralist theory has been the primary strand in this rereading. It has taken the form of a psychoanalytical, or deconstructionist, or feminist reassessment of Joyce’s work.
Repetition: Its Modes and Levels
Authors: Kumar Udaya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the Introduction, while discussing the theoretical implications of repetition, I cited Deleuze’s distinction between two kinds of repetition. The first, which he calls ‘naked’ repetition, involves the unvarying repetition of the same. The first occurrence of the element functions as an original model here, and the subsequent occurrences can be seen as copies of this model. The second kind, ‘clothed’ repetition, introduces difference at each of its occurrences. The relation between ‘model’ and ‘copy’ does not obtain in this case. While ‘naked’ repetition functions to reaffirm and stabilize an identity given at the beginning, ‘clothed’ repetition questions such stability. This distinction can serve as an introduction to Joyce’s use of repetition in Ulysses. The repetition of verbal elements is indeed one of the noticeable peculiarities of Ulysses. William Schutte’s compilation of recurrent elements runs into more than three hundred pages.1 However, all the elements that Schutte lists are not interpretatively significant acts of repetition. For example, the names of characters, while repeated, do not invite attention to their new occurrence as an act of repetition.2 There are several such elements in narrative discourse that are often repeated with unvaried meaning, such as places, objects, events. They function as acts of naked repetition, where repetition only confirms and reiterates the sense of the original use. It aids the reader’s retentive memory and stabilizes the identity of the element. This kind of repetition is not the object of discussion in this chapter.
The Dragon and the Dove
Authors: Gasper Julia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Dragon and the Dove makes the original and controversial claim that Thomas Dekker, the author of plays blending satire, hagiography, and propaganda, was a militant Protestant. This study, whilst carefully analysing seven of his plays, takes The Whore of Babylon to be his central work and the definitive militant Protestant play. Militant Protestants were uncompromising in their beliefs and frequently came into conflict with the policies of the Crown. Apocalyptic ideas, and a vision of the international True Church struggling against the dragon of Rome, provide the key to understanding all Dekker's work. This book takes a completely fresh view of Dekker and presents him as a bold, pugnacious dramatist, writing for the London public, not merely the Court, and constantly experimenting with form in order to find a vehicle for his strong convictions.
A Shakespeare Music Catalogue
Authors: Gooch Bryan N S , Thatcher David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The five volumes of A Shakespeare Music Catalogue provide scholarship with an invaluable reference tool: a comprehensive and detailed documentation of all music - published and unpublished, from Shakespeare's day to our own - in any way related to Shakespeare's life and work. No single work has ever before attempted to draw together such a mass of information, from all countries of the world, on this neglected aspect of Shakespeare's dramatic art and cultural influence. The music includes operas, ballets, overtures, tone-poems, songs, and various types of incidental music (for stage, radio, film, and television productions). Each composition is cited with information on its vocal and instrumental requirements, its publication history, and, when known, its first performance. The first three volumes deal with music and musical stage-directions for the plays (arranged alphabetically) and settings of the sonnets and narrative poems. The fourth volume contains indices: of Shakespeare's titles and lines, the titles of musical works, and composers, arrangers, editors, librettists, etc. The final volume provides a further, and unprecedented, research tool: a selected, annotated bibliography of writings, in all languages, on the subject of Shakespeare and music. For the first time, readers of the Catalogue will have ready access to the broad range of musical works inspired by Shakespeare and to the diversity of critical viewpoints they have provoked. Theatrical directors will be able to consult it for appropriate music; musicologists and cultural historians study the history of taste; literary scholars examine any play or plays from a thoroughly documented musical standpoint. The Catalogue brings together the work of many scholars in the field, and goes far beyond existing available data.
The German Auden: Six Early Poems
Authors: Constantine David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Auden went to Germany in October 1928 and lived there, mainly in Berlin, until July 1929. In April 1930 he took up a teaching post at Larchfield Academy in Helensburgh on the Firth of Clyde. For the vacation that summer he went back to Berlin. It seems likely that these six poems in German, all published here for the first time, were written after his return from that holiday. The opening line of one, ‘Es regnet auf mir in den Schottische Lande’ (2), points definitely to Helensburgh, and others also have separation and absence as their given context. As was his habit with most of the poems that he wrote at this time, Auden sent them all to Christopher Isherwood who was still in Berlin.
W. H. Auden: A Bibliographical Supplement
Authors: Mendelson Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
W H. Auden: A Bibliography 1924-1969, 2nd edn. (Charlottesville, Virginia, 1972), compiled by B. C. Bloomfield and Edward Mendelson, described Auden’s publications from the start of his career through the end of 1969. This supplementary list extends the record to the end of 1987 and includes items mistakenly omitted from the Bibliography. This list is a summary only, without the full detail presented in the Bibliography. It lists Auden’s books, and his contributions to books and periodicals, but does not include interviews, published extracts fom private letters, recordings, broadcasts, or other forms of publication. A future edition of the Bibliography will include such items, as well as full descriptions of the books briefly listed here.
Colloquialism and Naïve Style in Aeschylus
Authors: West Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My title is not meant as a hendiadys. Colloquialism and naïve style are independent variables. The link between them is that they are both divergences from an ideal of elegance. I use ‘ideal‘ here in the sense of ‘abstract construct‘, not in the sense of ‘goal‘. The elegance in question is not necessarily an elegance sought or imagined by the author, or craved by his critic. It is something defined a posteriori by the student acquainted with the various possibilities of the language. I shall not involve myself in a protracted discussion of what the term ‘collo-quialism‘ means, or of the criteria by which colloquialisms in ancient Greek writers are to be identified. These are necessary questions, but they have been handled very satisfactorily by others. a Perhaps I can get away with saying that a colloquialism is an expression that some people would sometimes avoid as lacking in dignity.
Language and Identity
Authors: Swain Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this first chapter I want to examine the language consciousness of the Greek elite in the second sophistic period, concentrating on the phenomenon of atticism, its causes, and its meaning. In the next chapter I shall be considering how various individuals encouraged or responded to the pressures of language purism. Here I shall be concerned. with the political and social meaning of atticism in general terms. The search for this will involve looking at the development of the so-called koine or ‘common’ language in the Hellenistic age, at the stylistic classicism and atticism championed by Dionysius of Halicarnassus in Augustan Rome, and at the later combination of this stylistic atticism with the linguistic purism and formalism of the second sophistic. Changes in the Greek language, the political situation of the Greek elite under the High Empire, and the question of their reaction to Rome are other topics to be considered.
The Poetry of Hugo von Hofmannsthal and French Symbolism
Authors: Vilain Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hugo von Hofmannsthal became famous at the age of sixteen for poetry and lyrical drama of almost uncanny facility and beauty. Yet he ceased to write lyric poetry almost completely in the early 1900s and his fictional farewell to poetry, the so-called 'Chandos Letter', is a paradigm for the uncertainty and instability of Modernism. The verse of the 1890s, the 'lyrical decade', is generally felt to have been enhanced by his interest in the French Symbolists and the Symbolist-inspired tutelage of Stefan George. However, with analyses of verse and prose poetry from the 1890s, this book argues that Symbolism was a fundamentally inhibiting influence, ultimately responsible for the crisis in Hofmannsthal's poetic writing. 'Das Gespräch über Gedichte', written soon after 'Ein Brief', in 1903, makes it clear how the crisis was a personal one and does not imply the general impossibility of future writing, as is often suggested. As a theory of poetry, it acknowledges the importance of French Symbolism but suggests how it was ultimately a dummy aesthetic that had previously overlaid and stifled Hofmannsthal's own Romantic leanings.
’Musicke of Violenze’ The Elizabethan String Consort
Authors: Holman Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The accession of Elizabeth in 1558 ushered in a long period of stability for the royal violin consort. There were only nine changes of personnel in the forty-four years of her reign, a state of affairs that was partly caused by the remarkable longevity of its members: Ambrose, Peter and Joseph Lupo, Francis of Venice, Mark Anthony and Caesar Galliardello, and Innocent of Cremona all served forty years or more. But it also testifies to the strength of the relationship between the Protestant Tudor dynasty and its Jewish-Italian musicians: all Elizabeth’s violinists apparently continued in her service until retirement or death, despite the fact that, with their foreign contacts, they would have been well placed to obtain lucrative employment elsewhere.
Debussy’s Iberia
Authors: Brown Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For well over a century musicologists have been fascinated by composers' manuscripts and by the insights they might reveal about the nature of musical composition. This book suggests ways in which Debussy's sketches and drafts may be used to explain how he composed one of his last great symphonic scores: Ibéria (from Images for orchestra, 1903-10). Part 1 shows how we might understand the process of musical composition as a form of expert problem solving; it describes the compositional history of the work, the various intentional goals and historical constraints that guided Debussy's thinking, and some of the technical problems Debussy faced while composing this remarkable score. Part 2 reconstructs the genesis of each of the three movements in turn.