bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of microsatellite markers for the apicultural pest Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) and its relatives
Authors: Solignac Michel , Vautrin Dominique , Pizzo Astrid , Navajas Maria , Le Conte Yves , Cornuet Jean‐Marie 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSixteen microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for Varroa destructor using two procedures to screen genomic libraries. Together with those previously designed, they provide useful markers for the study of this harmful apicultural pest whose populations on Apis mellifera are poorly variable. Observed variability has been expressed as the number of alleles because heterozygosity is only rarely present. The defined primers have been assayed on another species of the same genus (V. jacobsoni) and almost half of them successfully cross‐amplified and revealed polymorphism. These results suggest that the microsatellites isolated here should prove useful for population studies in different Varroa species.
Polymorphic microsatellite markers for the antPlagiolepis pygmaea
Authors: Trontti K. , Tay W. T. , Sundström L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractDetailed studies on kin structure, mating patterns and dispersal in social insects require highly polymorphic markers, of which the most commonly used today are DNA microsatellites. Here we characterize 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the antPlagiolepis pygmaea. We also investigated the within‐genus applicability of the markers onP. xene, a social parasite of the source species. In addition, we tested amplification of the markers in three species of the generaFormicaandLasius. Eight of the markers also amplified inP. xeneand were polymorphic. Seven markers amplified in at least one other formicine ant.
Development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites from Prunus avium‘Napoleon’
Authors: Clarke J. B. , Tobutt K. R. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPrimers were developed for 21 microsatellite loci isolated by enrichment from Prunus avium‘Napoleon’. Twelve loci contained uninterrupted dinucleotide repeats and nine were more complex. Nineteen primer pairs (EMPA001–019) showed single locus polymorphisms in a cultivar survey of 14 sweet cherries, with two to seven alleles per locus. Three primer pairs in combination (EMPA014, 015 and 018) discriminated all cultivars. Two primer pairs for loci monomorphic in P. avium were included: EMPA020 revealed segregation in an interspecific progeny and EMPA021 revealed polymorphism in P. dulcis. Twelve primer pairs reliably amplified products in three peach cultivars of which seven revealed polymorphisms.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Authors: Kim W. J. , Kim K. K. , Lee J. H. , Park D. W. , Park J. Y. , Lee J. Y. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe described the isolation and characterization of 27 new microsatellite loci from olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. All loci were found to be polymorphic, and had between five and 22 alleles with observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.161 to 1.0 in 31 individuals examined. These micorsatellite makers are likely to be useful for studies of genome mapping, mating systems and population genetics in this species.
Development and characterization of 10 novel microsatellite markers from Chital deer (Cervus axis) and their cross–amplification in other related species
Authors: Gaur A. , Singh A. , Arunabala V. , Umapathy G. , Shailaja K. , Singh L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTen polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from Chital deer (Cervus axis). These loci show high levels of allelic diversity with four to eight alleles per locus in the 22 individuals of the free‐ranging population of Chital deer in Nehru Zoological Park, Hyderabad. In addition, we found that all the loci show cross–amplification in closely related as well as distantly related deer species. The amplification of these markers in different genera further indicates that these can be applied to a wide range of endangered deer species for their population genetics studies and conservation management.
Characterization of microsatellite DNA loci for the southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans)
Authors: Fokidis H. Bobby , Schable Nancy A. , Hagen Cris , Glenn Travis C. , Risch Thomas S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPolymerase chain reaction primers for microsatellite DNA loci (one dinucleotide, four tetranucleotide and two compound) and the conditions necessary to amplify each are described for the southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans). These primers were tested on 22 or more individuals from a population at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. These microsatellite primers yielded a high allelic diversity (6–22 alleles/locus), and moderate to high observed heterozygosities (0.318–0.826). Primers developed for the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) were also tested for use on G. volans, with only two successful cross amplifications from the seven loci.
New microsatellite loci for the socially diverse paper wasp genusRopalidia
Authors: Henshaw M. T. , Crozier Y. C. , Crozier R. H. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe Polistine wasps include both independent‐founding species, with small, single‐queen colonies founded by one or a few potential queens, and swarm‐founding species, which have larger societies, many queens and initiate colonies as a swarm of queens and workers. Swarm‐founding evolved from independent‐founding andRopalidiais the only genus with both types, making it an excellent model system for understanding this dramatic shift in colony organization. We have isolated 18 polymorphic microsatellite loci from three species ofRopalidia, including two independent‐founding and one swarm‐founding species. These loci will allow us to reconstruct colony social and genetic structures in this important genus.
Isolation and characterization of nine microsatellite markers from Coffea arabica L., showing wide cross‐species amplifications
Authors: Baruah A. , Naik V. , Hendre P. S. , Rajkumar R. , Rajendrakumar P. , Aggarwal R. K. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractGenetic improvement of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is constrained by low genetic diversity and lack of genetic markers, suitable screening tools, information on the genetic make‐up of available gene pool and long generation time. In this context, use of DNA markers such as microsatellites that provide high genetic‐resolution becomes highly desirable. Here, we report the development of nine new microsatellite markers from partial genomic library of an elite variety of Coffea arabica. The developed microsatellites revealed robust cross‐species amplifications in 17 related species of coffee, and their Polymorphic Information Content varied from 0 to 0.6, 0 to 0.78 and 0.67 to 0.90 for the arabica, robusta genotypes and species representatives, respectively. The data thus suggest their potential use as genetic markers for assessment of germplasm diversity and linkage analysis of coffee.
A set of primers for length and nucleotide‐substitution polymorphism in chloroplastic DNA of Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae)
Authors: Besnard G. , De Casas R. Rubio , Vargas P. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractChloroplastic DNA (cpDNA) variation at five microsatellite motifs, two insertion‐deletion sites, and eight nucleotide substitution sites was investigated in the Olea europaea complex. Primers were designed for flanking regions of these sites to amplify short cpDNA regions. They provided polymorphism when polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from a representative sample of 128 O. europaea individuals were either resolved by size into polyacrylamide gels (length polymorphism) or digested with restriction enzymes (nucleotide‐substitution polymorphism). These polymorphisms serve to distinguish most of the cytoplasmic haplotypes previously recognized. Potential application of these markers in O. europaea includes phylogeography, conservation and germplasm identification, even when using poorly preserved material from herbarium specimens or forensic and archaeological materials.
Polymorphic microsatellite markers for paternity assessment in southern calamari Sepioteuthis australis (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae)
Authors: Van Camp L. M. , Saint K. M. , Donnellan S. , Havenhand J. N. , Fairweather P. G. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractRecent decades have seen the fast growth of cephalopod fisheries but their management is compromised by the critical gaps in our knowledge of cephalopod life histories. Molecular markers are invaluable tools for studying the evolutionary significance and management implications of variation in mating systems. We have developed seven polymorphic microsatellite loci for mating system analysis in the southern calamari Sepioteuthis australis Quoy & Gaimard 1833 using magnetic enrichment and colony hybridization techniques. Observed heterozygosities range from 32% to 100% and will have sufficient power to examine the relative success of alternate mating strategies in S. australis.
The Ethical and Social Implications of Exploring African American Genealogies
Authors: Dula Annette , Royal Charmaine , Secundy Marian Gray , Miles Steven 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACTIn June 2002, the University of Minnesota hosted a conference to explore the implications of using genetic technologies and genealogical methods to reconstruct African identity. This paper includes transcribed remarks from that conference by Annette Dula, Marian Gray Secundy and Charmaine Royal.
Genetic Ancestry Tracing and the African Identity: A Double‐Edged Sword?
Authors: Rotimi Charles N. 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACTAs both a geneticist and a Nigerian living in the United States, the author responds to the prospect of African Americans using genetic science to trace their ancestry to the African continent. He articulates concerns about both the limitations of the science to offer satisfying, accurate, and meaningful results, and the ability of individuals to make real, life‐altering sense of these results. However, he notes that given the history and impact of slavery on African Americans, the desire to trace roots to Africa is both real and understandable.
Chimerical Categories: Caste, Race, and Genetics
Authors: Sabir Sharjeel 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACTIs discrimination based on caste equivalent to racism? This paper explores the complex relationship between genetic, race and caste. It also discusses the debate over the exclusion of a discussion of caste‐based discrimination at the 2001 World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance held in Durban, South Africa.
Allergic rhinitis and quality of life: where are we?
Authors: Majani G. , Baiardini I. , Giardini A. , Pasquali M. , Tosca M. A. , Canonica G. W. 
Published: November 2003

SummaryHealth‐Related Quality of Life (QoL) considers the impact of both illness and treatment on a patient's life as perceived by the patient himself. As well as providing information on how a disease affects a patient's life, QoL instruments could provide important information concerning the treatment outcomes. The SF‐36 enlighted a significant impairment in eight of the nine QoL domains in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis, compared to healthy subjects. In seasonal rhinitis a patient's satisfaction profile does not show consistent changes before and after the pollen season. Adherence to treatment and caregivers' and relatives' QoL assessment still deserve more attention. In conclusion there is still a long way to go towards a full knowledge of QoL in allergic rhinitis.
What's My Line? A Comparison of Industry Classification Schemes for Capital Market Research
Authors: Bhojraj Sanjeev , Lee Charles M. C. , Oler Derek K. 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACTThis study compares four broadly available industry classification schemes in a variety of applications common to capital market research. Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes have been available since 1939 but are being replaced by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes. The Global Industry Classifications Standard (GICS)SM system, jointly developed by Standard & Poor's and Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI), is popular among financial practitioners, whereas the Fama and French [1997] algorithm is used primarily by academics. Our results show that GICS classifications are significantly better at explaining stock return comovements, as well as cross‐sectional variations in valuation multiples, forecasted and realized growth rates, research and development expenditures, and various key financial ratios. The GICS advantage is consistent from year to year and is most pronounced among large firms. The other three methods differ little from each other in most applications.
The Role of Supplementary Statements with Management Earnings Forecasts
Authors: Hutton Amy P. , Miller Gregory S. , Skinner Douglas J. 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACTWe investigate managers' decisions to supplement their firms' management earnings forecasts. We classify these supplementary disclosures as qualitative “soft talk” disclosures or verifiable forward‐looking statements. We find that managers provide soft talk disclosures with similar frequency for good and bad news forecasts but are more likely to supplement good news forecasts with verifiable forward‐looking statements. We examine the market response to these forecasts and find that bad news earnings forecasts are always informative but that good news forecasts are informative only when supplemented by verifiable forward‐looking statements, supporting our argument that these statements bolster the credibility of good news forecasts.
Continuation of exchange with neighbors in later life: The importance of the neighborhood context
Authors: Thomése Fleur , Tilburg Theo Van , Knipscheer Kees C. P. M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractRelationships with neighbors are considered exchange relationships, in which the continuation of exchanges depends on balance in previous exchanges. Our study tested whether this is the case. An exchange relationship implies that neighbor relationships are isolated units. We expected, however, that neighborhood integration also affects the continuation of exchange among neighbors. Data were from a longitudinal study among 1,692 independently living Dutch adults of ages 55 to 85 years at baseline and their 7,415 relationships with proximate network members. At a four–year follow–up, both perceived balance and neighborhood integration at baseline increased the chance of instrumental support exchange occurring. We concluded that it is too limited to view relationships between neighbors as exchange relationships, as these relationships are embedded in larger communities, where such communities exist.
Location of Mutation in the KCNQ1 and Phenotypic Presentation of Long QT Syndrome
Authors: ZAREBA WOJCIECH , MOSS ARTHUR J. , SHEU GLORIA , KAUFMAN ELIZABETH S. , PRIORI SILVIA , VINCENT G. MICHAEL , TOWBIN JEFFREY A. , BENHORIN JESAIA , SCHWARTZ PETER J. , NAPOLITANO CARLO , HALL W. JACKSON , KEATING MARK T. , QI MING , ROBINSON JENNIFER L. , ANDREWS MARK L. ,   International LQTS Registry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
Published: November 2003

Introduction: Recent data showed that long QT syndrome (LQTS) patients with mutations in the pore region of the HERG (LQT2) gene have significantly higher risk of cardiac events than subjects with mutations in the non‐pore region. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between the location of mutations in the KCNQ1 gene and cardiac events in LQT1 patients. Methods and Results: The study population consisted of 294 LQT1 patients with KCNQ1 gene mutations. Demographic, clinical, and follow‐up information was compared among subjects with different locations of KCNQ1 mutations defined as pre‐pore region including N‐terminus (1–278), pore region (279–354), and post‐pore region including C‐terminus (>354). Cardiac events observed during follow‐up from birth until age of last contact or age 40 years were defined as syncope, cardiac arrest, or sudden death. There were 164 (56%) LQT1 patients with pre‐pore mutations, 101 (34%) with pore mutations, and 29 (10%) with post‐pore mutations. QTc duration did not differ significantly among the three subgroups (mean QTc = 494, 487, and 501 ms, respectively). There was no significant difference between groups with regard to the risk of cardiac events by age 40 years. Conclusion: There are no significant differences in clinical presentation, ECG parameters, and cardiac events among LQT1 patients with different locations of KCNQ1 mutations. These findings indicate that factors other than location of mutation influence clinical phenotype in patients with LQT1 mutations. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 1149‐1153, November 2003)
Translocated Intimin Receptor and Its Chaperone Interact with ATPase of the Type III Secretion Apparatus of EnteropathogenicEscherichia coli
Authors: Gauthier Annick , Finlay B. Brett 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACTFew interactions have been reported between effectors and components of the type III secretion apparatus, although many interactions have been demonstrated between type III effectors and their cognate chaperones. It is thought that chaperones may play a role in directing effectors to the type III secretion apparatus. The ATPase FliI in the flagellar assembly apparatus plays a pivotal role in interacting with other components of the apparatus and with substrates of the flagellar system. We performed experiments to determine if there were any interactions between the effector Tir and its chaperone CesT and the type III secretion apparatus of enteropathogenicEscherichia coli(EPEC). Specifically, based on analogies with the flagella system, we examined Tir-CesT interactions with the putative ATPase EscN. We showed by affinity chromatography that EscN and Tir bind CesT specifically. Tir is not necessary for CesT and EscN interactions, and EscN binds Tir specifically without its chaperone CesT. Moreover, Tir directly binds EscN, as shown via gel overlay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that Tir interacts with EscN inside EPEC. These data provide evidence for direct interactions between a chaperone, effector, and type III component in the pathogenic type III secretion system and suggest a model for Tir translocation whereby its chaperone, CesT, brings Tir to the type III secretion apparatus by specifically interacting with the type III ATPase EscN.
Structural Analysis of the Peptide Pheromone Receptor PlnB, a Histidine Protein Kinase fromLactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Johnsborg Ola , Diep Dzung B. , Nes Ingolf F. 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACTIntercellular communication plays a key role in the regulation of several physiological processes in gram-positive bacteria. Cell-cell communication is often mediated by secreted inducer peptide pheromones (IPs), which upon reaching a threshold concentration in the environment specifically activate a cognate membrane-localized histidine protein kinase (HPK). Interestingly, the majority of IP-activated HPKs fall into one distinct subfamily (HPK10). As part of an effort to study the mechanism underlying pheromone-mediated activation of the HPK10subfamily, the present work investigated the membrane topology of PlnB fromLactobacillus plantarum. Gene fusion experiments withEscherichia coliandLactobacillus sakei, using alkaline phosphatase, β-lactamase, and β-galactosidase reporter fusions, suggested that PlnB is anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane via seven transmembrane segments. By domain switching between HPK10members, it was demonstrated that the determinants for pheromone binding and specificity are contained within the transmembrane domain. The results also indicate that the mechanism of signal transduction, in which the final transmembrane segment apparently plays a key role, is conserved between members of the HPK10subfamily.
Physiological Characterization of a Heme-Deficient Mutant of
Staphylococcus aureus
by a Proteomic Approach
Authors: Kohler Christian , von Eiff Christof , Peters Georg , Proctor Richard A. , Hecker Michael , Engelmann Susanne 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACT

The high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) protein gel electrophoresis technique combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry was used for identification of proteins whose levels were changed by a mutation in
hemB
. Cytoplasmic protein extracts obtained from the mutant and the wild type (strain COL) at different stages of growth in tryptone soya broth (exponential, transitional, and stationary growth phases) were separated on 2D protein gels. Comparison of the 2D patterns of the protein extracts of the two strains revealed major differences. Because the electron transport chain of the mutant is interrupted due to the deficiency of heme, this organism should be unable to use oxygen or nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor. Consistent with this hypothesis, proteins involved in the glycolytic pathway and related pathways (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase, and phosphoglycerate kinase) and in fermentation pathways (lactate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and pyruvate formate lyase) were induced in exponentially growing cells of the mutant. These results strongly indicate that the
hemB
mutant generates ATP from glucose or fructose only by substrate phosphorylation. Analyses of the fermentation reactions showed that the main product was lactate. Although pyruvate formate lyase (Pfl) and pyruvate dehydrogenase were present, neither ethanol nor acetate was detected in significant amounts. Presumably, Pfl was not activated in the presence of oxygen, and pyruvate dehydrogenase might have very low activity. Transcriptional analysis of
citB
, encoding the aconitase, revealed that the activity of the citrate cycle enzymes was down-regulated in the
hemB
mutant. The arginine deiminase pathway was also induced, and it could provide ATP as well. Furthermore, the amounts of most of the extracellular virulence factors were significantly reduced by a mutation in
hemB
, which is consistent with previous reports.
Identification and Characterization of Genes Required for Biosynthesis and Transport of the Siderophore Vibrioferrin in
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Tanabe Tomotaka , Funahashi Tatsuya , Nakao Hiroshi , Miyoshi Shin-Ichi , Shinoda Sumio , Yamamoto Shigeo 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACT

In response to low iron availability,
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
synthesizes and secretes a polyhydroxycarboxylate-type siderophore vibrioferrin which is composed of 1 mol each of 2-ketoglutaric acid,
l
-alanine, ethanolamine, and citric acid. We have previously reported the cloning and characterization of the
pvuA
gene, which encodes the 78-kDa outer membrane receptor protein for ferric vibrioferrin. In this study, nine genes involved in the biosynthesis and transport of vibrioferrin have been identified in the genomic regions surrounding the
pvuA
gene. The genes were sequenced, and gene disruptants were constructed by insertion mutation for phenotype analysis. Five of the genes, named
pvsABCDE
, constitute an operon that is expressed under iron-limiting conditions. Homology searches of their predicted protein products suggested that the four genes
pvsABDE
are implicated in the biosynthesis of the siderophore. Another gene in the same operon,
pvsC
, encodes a putative exporter that is homologous to members of the major facilitator superfamily of multidrug efflux pumps. The remaining four genes, named
pvuBCDE
, encode proteins strongly homologous to
Escherichia coli
FecBCDE, respectively, which are components of the ATP-binding cassette transporter system for ferric dicitrate. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis revealed that these transport genes are transcribed as a single mRNA with the upstream genes,
psuA
and
pvuA
. Phenotypic comparison between the wild-type strain and its targeted gene disruptants supported the biological functions for the respective operons that were expected on the basis of the homology search.