bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interface Engineering with Dynamics‐Mechanics Coupling for Highly Reactive and Reversible Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Meng Qianqian , Jin Xiaoyu , Chen Nuo , Zhou Anbin , Wang Huirong , Zhang Ning , Song Zhihang , Huang Yongxin , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe practical application of AZIBs is hindered by problems such as dendrites and hydrogen evolution reactions caused by the thermodynamic instability of Zinc (Zn) metal. Modification of the Zn surface through interface engineering can effectively solve the above problems. Here, sulfonate‐derivatized graphene–boronene nanosheets (G&B‐S) composite interfacial layer is prepared to modulate the Zn plating/stripping and mitigates the side reactions with electrolyte through a simple and green electroplating method. Thanks to the electronegativity of the sulfonate groups, the G&B‐S interface promotes a dendrite‐free deposition behavior through a fast desolvation process and a uniform interfacial electric field mitigating the tip effect. Theoretical calculations and QCM‐D experiments confirmed the fast dynamic mechanism and excellent mechanical properties of the G&B‐S interfacial layer. By coupling the dynamics‐mechanics action, the G&B‐S@Zn symmetric battery is cycled for a long‐term of 1900 h at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2, with a low overpotential of ≈30 mV. Furthermore, when coupled with the LMO cathode, the LMO//G&B‐S@Zn cell also exhibits excellent performance, indicating the durability of the G&B‐S@Zn anode. Accordingly, this novel multifunctional interfacial layer offers a promising approach to significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of AZIBs.
mTORC1 Mediates Biphasic Mechano‐Response to Orchestrate Adhesion‐Dependent Cell Growth and Anoikis Resistance
Authors: Zhang Chunlei , Wang Yuan , Zhen Zifeng , Li Jiayi , Su Jing , Wu Congying 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCells constantly sense and respond to not only biochemical but also biomechanical changes in their microenvironment, demanding for dynamic metabolic adaptation. ECM stiffening is a hallmark of cancer aggressiveness, while survival under substrate detachment also associates with poor prognosis. Mechanisms underlying this, non‐linear mechano‐response of tumor cells may reveal potential double‐hit targets for cancers. Here, an integrin‐GSK3β‐FTO‐mTOR axis is reported, that can integrate stiffness sensing to ensure both the growth advantage endowed by rigid substrate and cell death resistance under matrix detachment. It is demonstrated that substrate stiffening can activate mTORC1 and elevate mTOR level through integrins and GSK3β‐FTO mediated mRNA m6A modification, promoting anabolic metabolism. Inhibition of this axis upon ECM detachment enhances autophagy, which in turn conveys resilience of tumor cells to anoikis, as it is demonstrated in human breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and mice malignant ascites. Collectively, these results highlight the biphasic mechano‐regulation of cellular metabolism, with implications in tumor growth under stiffened conditions such as fibrosis, as well as in anoikis‐resistance during cancer metastasis.
Surface Work Function‐Induced Thermally Vulnerable Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation on the Negative Electrode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Chae Rim , Jang Ho Yeon , Leem Han Jun , Lee Min A , Kim Wontak , Kim Jongjung , Song Jun Ho , Yu Jisang , Mun Junyoung , Back Seoin , Kim Hyun‐seung 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe chemical composition significantly affects the inherent electrical surface properties of the graphite and SiO electrodes, which further, significantly alters the thermal stability of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the negative electrodes. Because the work function of the graphite edge plane is lower than that of the SiO2‐dominant SiO electrode when the electrode is initially lithiated, charge transfer toward the electrolyte is hindered by the high work function of SiO2. Given the increased solubility of the SEI film on SiO, which makes it vulnerable to self‐discharge at higher temperatures than graphite, SiO electrodes exhibit inferior electrochemical performance at high temperatures compared to graphite electrodes. To enhance the performance of SiO electrodes at high temperatures, it is essential to modify the surface work function of the Si‐based electrodes or the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the electrolyte additive.
Water use characteristics of an early and late maturing maize hybrid using stable isotopes
Authors: Wang Lei , Chen Jing , Ren Baizhao , Zhao Bin , Liu Peng , Dong Shuting , Zhang Jiwang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWater requirements of early‐maturing (EM) maize hybrids might be lower than those of late‐maturing (LM) maize hybrids. This study aimed to analyze the effects of different irrigation management on grain yield (GY), water uptake patterns, evaporation (E), and transpiration (T) of two maize hybrids differing in maturity via stable isotope method. The field experiment with 36 lysimeters (4‐m wide × 4‐m long) under rain‐shelters was conducted with an EM (DH518) and a mid‐maturing and LM (DH605) hybrid with three replicates from 2021 to 2022. Maize plants were grown under three irrigation amounts (W1, W2, and W3 were irrigated to maintain soil moisture at 45%, 60%, and 75% of field capacity, respectively) by flood irrigation (FI) and drip irrigation (DI) under rain‐out shelters. Results showed that GY and evapotranspiration (ET) of EM were 8% and 12% lower, while the crop water productivity (CWP) was 6% higher than that of LM. Water uptake of both hybrids occurred mainly within 0‐ to 60‐cm soil layer during the vegetative stage. Water uptake of both hybrids occurred mainly within 0‐ to 60‐cm soil layer during the vegetative stage. Summer maize under FI absorbed more water from the deep soil layer than DI in the late growth stage. Compared with LM, the water absorption depth of EM became shallower in the late growth stage. Water uptake of maize was mainly from the deeper soil under water stress conditions. E of total ET accounts for 43% under DI and 57% under FI; GY and CWP were 22% and 51% higher than those of FI. Together with choosing EM hybrids, optimization of water management with DIW3 could achieve higher GY and CWP. The optimization of irrigation method and hybrids could provide a reference for local farmers to improve GY and CWP.
SAMHD1 compound heterozygous rare variants associated with moyamoya and mitral valve disease in the absence of other features of Aicardi–Goutières syndrome
Authors: Karla Aamuktha R. , Pinard Amélie , Boerio Maura L. , Hemelsoet Dimitri , Tavernier Simon J. , De Pauw Michel , Vereecke Elke , Fraser Stuart , Bamshad Michael J. , Guo Dongchuan , Callewaert Bert , Milewicz Dianna M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS) is an autosomal recessive inflammatory syndrome that manifests as an early‐onset encephalopathy with both neurologic and extraneurologic clinical findings. AGS has been associated with pathogenic variants in nine genes: TREX1, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, RNASEH2A, SAMHD1, ADAR, IFIH1, LSM11, and RNU7‐1. Diagnosis is established by clinical findings (encephalopathy and acquired microcephaly, intellectual and physical impairments, dystonia, hepatosplenomegaly, sterile pyrexia, and/or chilblains), characteristic abnormalities on cranial CT (calcification of the basal ganglia and white matter) and MRI (leukodystrophic changes), or the identification of pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in the known genes. One of the genes associated with AGS, SAMHD1, has also been associated with a spectrum of cerebrovascular diseases, including moyamoya disease (MMD). In this report, we describe a 31‐year‐old male referred to genetics for MMD since childhood who lacked the hallmark features of AGS patients but was found to have compound heterozygous SAMHD1 variants. He later developed mitral valve insufficiency due to recurrent chordal rupture and ultimately underwent a heart transplant at 37 years of age. Thus, these data suggest that SAMHD1 pathogenic variants can cause MMD without typical AGS symptoms and support that SAMHD1 should be assessed in MMD patients even in the absence of AGS features.
Refining the activities of genetic assistants: Development of task statements applicable across practice settings
Authors: Tohms Ashley , Krutish Angela , Hartley Jessica N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough genetic (counseling) assistants (GAs) have been implemented in many institutions, their roles vary widely. Therefore, this study aimed to refine our knowledge of GA tasks across work settings and specialties. Tasks performed by GAs were extracted from peer‐reviewed articles, publicly available theses, and job postings, then analyzed using directed content analysis. Briefly, task statements were coded using broad categories from previous studies, with new categories added as emergent. Coded tasks were combined and condensed to produce a final task list, which was reviewed by subject matter experts. Sixty‐one task statements were extracted from previous studies and 335 task statements were extracted from job descriptions. Directed content analysis produced a list of 40 unique tasks under 10 categories (8 from original research and 2 from the data). This study design resulted in a refined list of GA tasks that may be applicable across work settings and specialties, which is an essential step towards defining the scope of GA work. Beyond the human resource applications of the refined task list, this work may also benefit genetics services by reducing role overlap, improving efficiencies, improving employee satisfaction, and informing the development/improvement of training and other educational materials.
Dental findings in wild great apes from macerated skull analysis
Authors: Albrecht Anja , Behringer Verena , Zierau Oliver , Hannig Christian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOral health is a crucial aspect of overall well‐being in both humans and nonhuman primates. Understanding the oral pathologies and dental conditions in apes can provide valuable insights into their evolutionary history, dietary habits, and overall health. The present study evaluates dental findings in wild great apes from museum specimens to gain insights into the influence of natural nutrition on dental health. Complete macerated skulls of wild, adult great apes from the collection of the Museum of Natural History, Berlin, Germany, were examined. We analyzed skulls of 53 gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), 63 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and 41 orangutans (Pongo spp.). For each skull, we recorded wear of dental hard tissues (Lussi and Ganss index), carious lesions, and periodontal bone loss. Incisal and occlusal dental hard tissue defects were found in all skulls, as well as considerable external staining. In all species, incisors and canines showed the greatest loss of tissue, followed by molars. The wear of molars decreased from the first to the third molars, premolars showed the least pronounced defects. Some individuals had apical osteolytic defects along with severe dental hard tissue loss with pulp involvement or after dental trauma, respectively (n = 5). Our study did not observe any carious lesions among the examined great ape skulls. However, we did find evidence for localized or generalized periodontal bone loss in a subset of the specimens (n = 3 chimpanzees, n = 7 orangutans). The natural diet and foraging behavior of great apes induces abrasion and attrition of dental hard tissue but does not yield carious lesions. The occurrence of periodontitis in individual apes indicates that the natural circumstances can induce periodontal bone loss even in the wild, despite physiological nutrition.
Uncovering elevated tau TPP motif phosphorylation in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients
Authors: Bellier Jean‐Pierre , Cai Yuqi , Alam Sarah M. , Wiederhold Thorsten , Aiello Arica , Vogelgsang Jonathan S. , Berretta Sabina , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. , Selkoe Dennis J. , Liu Lei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONA wide array of post‐translational modifications of the tau protein occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and they are critical to pathogenesis and biomarker development. Several promising tau markers, pT181, pT217, and pT231, rely on increased phosphorylation within a common molecular motif threonine‐proline‐proline (TPP).METHODSWe validated new and existing antibodies against pT217, pT231, pT175, and pT181, then combined immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunoassays (ELISA) to broadly examine the phosphorylation of the tau TPP motif in AD brains.RESULTSThe tau burden, as examined by IHC and ELISA, correlates to Braak stages across all TPP sites. Moreover, we observed regional variability across four TPP motif phosphorylation sites in multiple brains of sporadic AD patients.DISCUSSIONWe conclude that there is an elevation of TPP tau phosphorylation in AD brains as disease advances. The regional variability of pTPP tau suggests that examining different phosphorylation sites is essential for a comprehensive assessment of tau pathology.
Constraints via the Event Horizon Telescope for Black Hole Solutions with Dark Matter under the Generalized Uncertainty Principle Minimal Length Scale Effect
Authors: Övgün Ali , Sese Lemuel John F. , Pantig Reggie C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFour spherically symmetric but non‐asymptotically flat black hole solutions surrounded with spherical dark matter distribution perceived under the minimal length scale effect is derived via the generalized uncertainty principle. Here, the effect of this quantum correction, described by the parameter , is considered on a toy model galaxy with dark matter and the three well‐known dark matter distributions: the cold dark matter, scalar field dark matter, and the universal rotation curve. The aim is to find constraints to by applying these solutions to the known supermassive black holes: Sagittarius A (Sgr. A*) and Messier 87* (M87*), in conjunction with the available Event Horizon telescope. The effect of is then examined on the event horizon, photonsphere, and shadow radii, where unique deviations from the Schwarzschild case are observed. As for the shadow radii, bounds are obtained for the values of on each black hole solution at confidence level. The results revealed that under minimal length scale effect, black holes can give positive (larger shadow) and negative values (smaller shadow) of , which are supported indirectly by laboratory experiments and astrophysical or cosmological observations, respectively.
The influence of polycaprolactone content on the surface properties of polyurethane networks
Authors: Stefanović Ivan S. , Džunuzović Jasna V. , Džunuzović Enis S. , Randjelović Danijela V. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe aim of this work was to examine the influence of polycaprolactone (PCL) as a soft segment (SS) on the surface properties of polyurethane networks (PUNs). Five PUNs with different SS content (from 10 to 50 wt%) were prepared using Boltorn® aliphatic hyperbranched polyester of the second pseudo generation and isophorone diisocyanate as components of hard segments. The structure, hydrophobicity, wettability, and swelling behavior of these PUNs were investigated. Primarily, the obtained results showed that properties of prepared PUNs strongly depend on the content of SS that is, PCL. It has been established that the increase of SS content reduced the degree of hydrogen bonding in PUNs. Also, the increase of the SS content in PUNs induced appearance of more pronounced microphase separated morphology, better hydrophobicity and non‐wetting with diiodomethane. Simultaneously, the increase of the SS content led to the decrease of contact angles with formamide, and surface free energy of the prepared PUNs. These PUNs show good surface properties that are required for their potential application such as coatings.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: Prematurely falling out of favour? A 7 year retrospective study from an Australian high‐volume centre
Authors: Patel Nishal , Stephenson‐Smith Brittany , Roberts Jay , Kothari Akshay 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to audit 7 years of data with a 3 year follow up from a high‐volume stone centre performing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) to evaluate efficacy in stone clearance compared to existing knowledge and understand reasons for this performance.MethodsPatients who received ESWL treatment for renal or proximal ureteric stones at a single centre between January 2012 and January 2019 (to allow minimum 3 year follow up) were retrieved. A retrospective analysis was performed cross referencing for stone size, location, treatment and need for further procedures. Ethical approval was granted through Metro North HHS HREC, Queensland, Australia.ResultsA total of 1930 patients met inclusion criteria. Fifty‐seven percent (n = 1100) underwent left‐sided ESWL, compared to 43% (n = 830) on the right. Stone size and location were both statistically significant to treatment outcome. Small stones (<1 cm) had an overall clearance rate of 81.9%, medium stones (1–2 cm) had a clearance rate of 60.6% and stones (>2 cm) had a clearance rate of 31.3%. Small stones in an upper calyx had the highest clearance rate (87.5%, n = 120). Allowing for two procedures, 89% of stones were treated successfully.ConclusionESWL remains a legitimate option for the treatment of small and medium sized renal calculi. ESWL stone clearance rates at our centre are higher than published elsewhere and serve as proof to its efficacy. X‐ray imaging on the day of the procedure, heavy consultant input and frequent intra‐operative imaging are cited as key reasons for success. Further research is warranted to elucidate factors affecting stone clearance rate and to enable more standardised outcomes. Further investment may be required into ESWL provisions in most Australian states and especially in Queensland to enable its continued use in contrast to developing endourological techniques.
Roles of rRNA N‐methyladenosine modification in the function of ribosomes
Authors: Yang Jingyi , Wang Yameng , Huang Zekai , Jiang Yashuang , Pan Xiaolei , Dong Xiaowei , Yang Geng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe N‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) plays critical roles in regulating the function of ribosomes, the essential molecular machines that translate genetic information from mRNA into proteins. Specifically, m6A modification affects ribosome biogenesis, stability, and function by regulating the processing and maturation of rRNA, the assembly and composition of ribosomes, and the accuracy and efficiency of translation. Furthermore, m6A modification allows for dynamic regulation of translation in response to environmental and cellular signals. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and functions of m6A modification in rRNA will advance our knowledge of ribosome‐mediated gene expression and facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies for ribosome‐related diseases.
The c.1243T>C mutation in the PROC gene is linked with inherited protein C deficiency and severe purpura fulminans
Authors: Nourbakhsh Seyed Mohammad Kazem , Bahadoram Mohammad , Rashidi‐Nezhad Ali , Habibi Laleh , Mansouri Fatemeh , Akade Esma'il 
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical MessagePurpura fulminans is a severe coagulation disorder that often leads to death in neonates. Mutations in the protein C (PROC) gene can cause protein C deficiency, leading to this disorder. This study aimed to investigate a family with a history of coagulopathies, particularly those related to protein C deficiency. The primary objective was to identify any genetic mutations in the PROC gene responsible for the coagulopathies. The study focused on a male neonate with purpura fulminans who ultimately died at 2 months of age. The patient had low protein C activity levels (6%). The entire PROC gene of the patient and his family was analyzed using next‐generation sequencing to identify any genetic mutations. Segregation analysis was conducted to determine if the mutation followed an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. In silico analysis was also conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity of the identified mutation. Analysis revealed a novel homozygous c.1243T>G variant PROC gene. The mutation resulted in a Phe415Val substitution. The mutation was found in at least three generations of the family. Carrier family members had lower protein C activity levels than wild‐type homozygotes. Additionally, the mutation may account for the observed reduction in protein C enzyme activity.
Failure location effects on slow crack growth parameter estimates
Authors: Salem Jonathan , Murthy Pappu L. N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs part of Roman Space Telescope component development, the slow crack growth (SCG) parameters of a glass were measured using constant stress rate testing of ASTM C1161 beams. Failures occurred on the faces, bevels and sides of the test specimens thereby providing an opportunity to examine the effects of failure location on SCG parameter estimates. Censoring of the data by location did not have a statistically significant effect on the slow crack growth parameter estimates. Linear and nonlinear fits were also made to various strength estimators. Nonlinear fits gave slightly lower estimates of the parameters. The main influence on parameter estimates was a low strength, infrequent flaw population. Exponential model parameters were estimated via swarm optimization.
Maintenance and consolidation strategies for patients with untreated advanced follicular lymphoma: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Chu Yurou , Liu Yingyue , Yu Zhuoya , Zhan Linquan , Lu Tiange , Jiang Yujie , Fang Xiaosheng , Zhou Xiangxiang , Wang Xin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence of novel and efficient antibody maintenance approaches has provided more options for post‐induction treatment of advanced follicular lymphoma (FL), and further comparisons are required to determine the most clinically beneficial regimen. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the maintenance or consolidation strategy.MethodsThe authors performed two independent searches in PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane library databases, Scopus, and Embase for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating maintenance or consolidation therapy in untreated FL patients. Extracted data included the clinical characteristics, treatment regimen, progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse effects. They then pooled the data and used a Bayesian random‐effects model to combine direct comparisons with indirect evidence.ResultsThe authors screened 1515 records and identified 13 eligible RCTs that assessed nine different regimens in 5681 advanced FL patients. Reconstructed individual survival data presented that obinutuzumab had the highest effect sizes and certainty of the evidence for PFS (hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.22–0.79) and tolerability compared with observation. However, no benefit was observed in patients according to the OS, regardless of which regimen was taken. Considering other regimens, although an extended course of rituximab maintenance and consolidation therapies presented PFS benefits compared with standard rituximab maintenance, they were also associated with higher toxicity.ConclusionsAlthough obinutuzumab and rituximab maintenance treatment improved PFS significantly, its clinical benefit requires further validation in larger populations. Furthermore, because few trials informed each treatment comparison, research is needed to refine the understanding of this complex and rapidly evolving treatment landscape.