bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of calcium–phosphate coatings on titanium by recombinant amelogenin
Authors: Wen H. B. , Moradian‐Oldak J. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractAmelogenin proteins, the principal components of the developing dental enamel extracellular matrix, have been postulated to facilitate the elongated and oriented growth of the carbonated apatite crystals during enamel formation. We previously reported that amelogenin caused modulation of apatite crystals nucleated on a bioactive glass (Bioglass®) in vitro. Here, the effects of amelogenin on the growth morphology of calcium–phosphate crystals nucleated on a titanium surface were investigated in order to gain a better understanding of the role of amelogenins during enamel biomineralization and to explore their potential application in the design and development of novel biomaterials. The dose‐dependent effects of a recombinant mouse amelogenin (rM179) were found to be different from those of bovine serum albumin, which significantly inhibited apatite crystal growth and caused the octacalcium phosphate (OCP) crystals to change from a plate‐like shape to a curved shape, indicating a general inhibitory effect. The effects of rM179 on the crystal growth of OCP at 12.5–100 μg/mL and of apatite at 50 μg/mL were insignificant while the apatite crystals were remarkably elongated along their c‐axes upon the use of 100 μg/mL of rM179. The unique modulation of the calcium–phosphate coatings on titanium by rM179 supports the view that amelogenins have a great potential for applications designed to develop novel biomimetic materials. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 64A: 483–490, 2003
Clinical presentations in combat veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Elhai Jon D. , Frueh B. Christopher , Davis Joanne L. , Jacobs Gerard A. , Hamner Mark B. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis article investigated subtypes of symptom patterns among male combat veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) through a cluster analysis of their Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐2 (MMPI‐2; Butcher, Graham, Ben‐Porath, Tellegen, Dahlstrom, & Kaemmer, 2001) clinical and validity scales. Participants were 126 veterans seeking
outpatient treatment for combat‐related PTSD at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Two well‐fitting MMPI‐2 cluster solutions (a four‐cluster solution and a three‐cluster solution) were evaluated with several statistical methods. A four‐cluster solution was determined to best fit the data. Follow‐up analyses demonstrated between‐cluster differences on MMPI‐2 “fake bad” scales and content scales, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961), Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES; Bernstein & Putnam, 1986), Mississippi Combat PTSD scale (M‐PTSD; Keane, Caddall, & Taylor, 1988), and Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS‐1; Blake et al., 1990). Clusters also were different in disability‐seeking status, employment status, and income. Implications for research and clinical practice using the MMPI‐2 with combat veterans presenting with PTSD are briefly addressed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 385–397, 2003.
Measuring health‐related quality of life in women with urogenital dysfunction: The urogenital distress inventory and incontinence impact questionnaire revisited
Authors: van der Vaart C. Huub , de Leeuw J. Rob J. , Roovers Jan‐Paul W.R. , Heintz A. Peter M. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractAimsSymptoms of urogenital dysfunction are known to negatively affect health‐related quality of life in women. To assess effectiveness of treatment, it is currently recommended to include measurements of quality of life in outcome analysis. One of the questionnaires that is commonly used is the combination of the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ). Unfortunately, the validity of the UDI and IIQ has only been tested in highly selected subgroups of female patients. Therefore, it is unclear whether this questionnaire is suitable for use in populations with different characteristics.MethodsWe analyzed the scale construction and validity of the UDI and IIQ in a random sample of 2,042 women, aged 20–70 years old and a clinical sample of 196 women.ResultsOur results show that the UDI can be divided into five subscales, namely discomfort/pain, urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, genital prolapse, and obstructive micturition. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) ranged between 0.74 and 0.82. In addition to the original four subscales of the IIQ (mobility, physical, social, and emotional functioning), we identified a fifth subscale with four items about embarrassment. Internal consistency of these subscales ranged between 0.83 and 0.93. In addition to the internal consistency, we tested the criterion and construct validity of these new subscale division.ConclusionsWe found these subscales to be reliable and of clinical use. It is recommended to use the revised UDI and IIQ in outcome analysis of treatments for urogenital symptoms in women. Neurourol. Urodynam. 22:97–104, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of ATP‐sensitive K+ channel openers and tolterodine on involuntary bladder contractions in a pig model of partial bladder outlet obstruction
Authors: Fey Thomas A. , Gopalakrishnan Murali , Strake James G. , King Linda L. , Brioni Jorge D. , Sullivan James P. , Coghlan Michael J. , Brune Michael E. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractAimsTo compare in vivo the efficacy, potency, and bladder–vascular selectivity of ATP‐sensitive potassium channel openers (KCOs), YM934 and (‐)‐cromakalim to a muscarinic antagonist, tolterodine in a novel partial outlet obstructed pig model.MethodsPartially obstructed female Landrace pigs were implanted with telemetry transmitters to allow the continuous measurement of intravesical, abdominal and arterial pressures. A subcutaneous port catheter was used to adjust bladder volume. Bladder and arterial pressure were simultaneously monitored under isoflurane anesthesia before and after increasing i.v. doses of test compounds.ResultsUnder anesthesia, voiding was completely inhibited, but spontaneous, nonvoiding bladder contractions were observed with mean amplitude of 16 ± 1 cm H2O, duration of 35 ± 2 seconds, and intercontraction interval of 43 ± 4 seconds (n = 25). YM934 and (‐)‐cromakalim both caused dose‐dependent decreases in bladder contraction area under the curve (AUC) with effective doses to inhibit AUC by 35% of 3.6 and 14.9 nmol/kg, i.v., respectively. However, concomitant reductions in mean arterial pressure of 12 and 13% were also observed. Tolterodine did not inhibit spontaneous bladder contractions at doses up to 100 nmol/kg, i.v. corresponding to plasma concentrations up to 41 ng/mL.ConclusionsThe superior efficacy of KCOs to inhibit spontaneous bladder contractions relative to tolterodine support the hypothesis that KCOs may provide an alternate therapeutic mechanism to treat symptoms of overactive bladder if bladder‐vascular selectivity can be sufficiently improved. The minimally invasive model described herein appears useful in the preclinical evaluation of potential therapeutics targeted to treat the overactive bladder. Neurourol. Urodynam. 22:147–155, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of the molecular relationship between multiple tumour nodules in hepatocellular carcinoma differentiates multicentric origin from intrahepatic metastasis
Authors: Ng Irene Oi‐lin , Guan Xin‐yuan , Poon Ronnie Tung‐ping , Fan Sheung‐tat , Lee Joyce Man‐fong 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the molecular relationship between multiple tumour nodules in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within individual patients and to evaluate their clonality, which may bear prognostic significance. In 25 HCC nodules from 11 patients with multiple HCCs, the clonal relationships of the nodules within individual patients were determined using DNA fingerprinting with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) assay, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) integration pattern. Both LOH assay and CGH indicated that in four (36%) of the 11 patients, the multiple HCCs had different clonalities and hence were of multicentric origin, whereas in the remaining seven (64%) patients, the multiple HCCs had similar clonal relationships and were intrahepatic metastases. In selected cases, the HBV integration pattern helped to confirm the clonality results. Gross appearance, size, location, and histology of the tumours could not accurately predict their clonal origin in every case. Assessment of DNA alterations allows precise determination of the clonality of multiple HCCs within one patient. Of these molecular methods, LOH analysis can be used to evaluate tumour clonality in most patients even before surgical resection, since this assay can be readily applied routinely to either liver biopsies or fine needle aspirates. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loss of types XV and XIX collagen precedes basement membrane invasion in ductal carcinoma of the female breast
Authors: Amenta Peter S , Hadad Salim , Lee Maria T , Barnard Nicola , Li Deqin , Myers Jeanne C 
Published: February 2003

AbstractDuctal and lobular carcinomas comprise most malignancies of the female breast and the morbidity and mortality associated with breast cancer. During the progression from in situ to invasive stages, tumour cells penetrate the epithelial and vascular basement membranes (BM) to realize full metastatic potential. While the definition of these structures has primarily resulted from analysis of laminin and type IV collagen, characterization of newly discovered BM/BM zone (BMZ) proteins will further elucidate the interactions between tumour cells and the host stroma. We have studied the expression of two non‐fibrillar BMZ collagens, the type XV proteoglycan and collagen XIX, in breast cancer where a linear, well‐formed BM becomes fragmented and even lost in the progression of epithelial malignancy. In the normal breast, types XV and XIX were found in all BMZ: epithelial, muscle, neural, endothelial, and fat. In in situ lesions, these two collagens, and particularly type XV, were often absent from the BM/BMZ displaying a continuous or just focally disrupted type IV/laminin staining pattern. In contrast, infiltrating ductal carcinomas showed only rare traces of laminin and collagen IV reactivity adjacent to the glands and tumour nests, and similarly there was little if any evidence of types XV and XIX collagen. All four molecules were, however, detected in the interstitium associated with some of the invasive carcinomas. The data suggest that types XV and XIX collagen are lost early in the development of invasive tumours, prior to penetration and eventual dissolution of the epithelial BM. Disappearance of these proteins from the BM/BMZ may signal remodelling of the extracellular matrix to promote tumour cell infiltration. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A rational approach for selection of optimal covariate‐based dosing strategies
Authors: Jönsson Siv , Karlsson Mats O. 
Published: February 2003

BackgroundAt present, there is no rational approach for choosing a dosing strategy for individualization based on a covariate. An approach to use in establishment of an a priori dosing strategy for individualization is presented. Factors influencing the choice of such a dosing strategy are identified.MethodsThe approach requires definition of the following: target variable, seriousness of deviations from the target (ie, risk function), population model, covariate distributions, and constraints. Minimizing the total risk yields an optimal dosing strategy, estimated as dose sizes for different subpopulations and covariate cutoff values at which doses are incremented or decremented. The method was illustrated with the use of simulated and real drug examples for the situation in which clearance is related to creatinine clearance.ResultsThe estimated optimal cutoff(s) paralleled the median creatinine clearance in the population. The extent of variability in clearance explained by creatinine clearance was the main factor influencing the optimal ratios between adjacent dose sizes. An optimal dosing strategy was possible to estimate for the real drug.ConclusionsThe method is simple to perform, although one difficulty lies in defining the target variable and risk function. Our results imply that commonly used constraints in dosing strategies based on renal function (ie, dose ratio of 2 and predetermined cutoffs) are nonoptimal in the sense we propose. Because an optimal dosing strategy may not be practical to use, the therapeutic cost that would result with any constraint can be assessed by comparison of the outcome after the desired and the optimal strategy.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, 7–19; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2003.2
Population pharmacodynamic analysis of octreotide in acromegalic patients
Authors: Comets Emmanuelle , Mentré France , Grass Peter , Kawai Ryosei , Marbach Peter , Vonderscher Jacky 
Published: February 2003

IntroductionOctreotide is an octapeptide analog of somatostatin used to normalize growth hormone levels in acromegaly. This article presents a population analysis of the relationship between octreotide and growth hormone concentrations in 94 patients with acromegaly, including 10 patients responding incompletely to subcutaneous treatment (poor responders).MethodsGrowth hormone and octreotide concentrations were recorded hourly over 12‐hour time periods during long‐term subcutaneous treatment. Twelve‐hour profiles were also collected on different days up to 2 months after intramuscular injection of the long‐acting formulation. We modeled the inhibition of growth hormone secretion by octreotide with a direct maximum inhibition model. A joint analysis of both formulations was performed with NONMEM (GloboMax, LLC, Hanover, Md). During model building, we examined the relationships between parameters and demographic covariates or formulations with the use of likelihood ratio tests.ResultsThe baseline growth hormone level was higher in poor responders and was best described by a bimodal distribution. The maximum inhibition was common to both formulations and had a mean of 90%, with low interindividual variability. Sensitivity to octreotide (50% inhibitory concentration) was found to be slightly lower on average with intramuscular administration than with subcutaneous administration.ConclusionGiven adequate doses of octreotide, in 72% of 94 patients, growth hormone would decrease to levels below 2.5 ng · mL−1, considered to be a desirable target concentration in acromegaly. This study provides a way to identify poor responders during subcutaneous treatment, allowing an early clinical decision to be made to switch nonresponders to alternative therapies.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, 95–106; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2003.6
Cdc24, the GDP-GTP Exchange Factor for Cdc42, Is Required for Invasive Hyphal Growth of
Candida albicans
Authors: Bassilana Martine , Blyth James , Arkowitz Robert A. 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACT

Candida albicans
, the most common human fungal pathogen, is particularly problematic for immunocompromised individuals. The reversible transition of this fungal pathogen to a filamentous form that invades host tissue is important for its virulence. Although different signaling pathways such as a mitogen-activated protein kinase and a protein kinase A cascade are critical for this morphological transition, the function of polarity establishment proteins in this process has not been determined. We examined the role of four different polarity establishment proteins in
C. albicans
invasive growth and virulence by using strains in which one copy of each gene was deleted and the other copy expressed behind the regulatable promoter
MET3
. Strikingly, mutants with ectopic expression of either the Rho G-protein Cdc42 or its exchange factor Cdc24 are unable to form invasive hyphal filaments and germ tubes in response to serum or elevated temperature and yet grow normally as a budding yeast. Furthermore, these mutants are avirulent in a mouse model for systemic infection. This function of the Cdc42 GTPase module is not simply a general feature of polarity establishment proteins. Mutants with ectopic expression of the SH3 domain containing protein Bem1 or the Ras-like G-protein Bud1 can grow in an invasive fashion and are virulent in mice, albeit with reduced efficiency. These results indicate that a specific regulation of Cdc24/Cdc42 activity is required for invasive hyphal growth and suggest that these proteins are required for pathogenicity of
C. albicans.
Crystallographic report: 1,4‐Bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl‐dichlorostannylmethyldimethylsilyl]benzene, p‐{[(Me3Si)2CH]Sn(Cl)2CH2SiMe2}2C6H4
Authors: Dakternieks Dainis , Zobel Bernhard , Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe dinuclear molecule of p‐{[(Me3Si)2CH]Sn(Cl)2CH2SiMe2}2C6H4 is centrosymmetric and adopts an ‘S’ conformation that is stabilized by intramolecular CH···π interactions. The tin atom exists within a distorted tetrahedron defined by a C2Cl2 donor set. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
tert‐Butoxysilanols as model compounds for labile key intermediates of the sol–gel process: crystal and molecular structures of (t‐BuO)3SiOH and HO[(t‐BuO)2SiO]2H
Authors: Beckmann Jens , Dakternieks Dainis , Duthie Andrew , Larchin Megan L. , Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe tert‐butoxychlorosilanes (t‐BuO)3SiCl (1), (t‐BuO)2SiCl2 (2), and [(t‐BuO)2SiCl]2O (3) were prepared by the reaction of SiCl4 or (Cl3Si)2O with t‐BuOK. Subsequent hydrolysis afforded the tert‐butoxysilanols (t‐BuO)3SiOH (4), (t‐BuO)2Si(OH)2 (5), HO[(t‐BuO)2SiO]2H (6) in high yields. The controlled condensation of 2 and 5 provided HO[(t‐BuO)2SiO]3H (7) in reasonable yields. The tendency of 4–7 to undergo self‐condensation is small, thus enabling their characterization in solution and in the solid state by 29Si NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry, and in the case of 4 and 6 also by X‐ray diffraction. The key feature of the crystal structures is the incorporation of tert‐butoxy groups into the hydrogen bonding. The results obtained are discussed in relation to the sol–gel process. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of novel chelated dimethylamino lithium alkoxides: molecular structures of [1‐LiOC(C6H11)2‐2‐NMe2C6H4]2 and [1‐LiOCPh2CH2‐2‐NMe2C6H4]2
Authors: Al‐Masri Harbi Tomah , Sieler Joachim , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: January 2003

AbstractFrom the reaction of 1‐HOCPh2‐2‐NMe2C6H4 (1), 1‐HOC(C6H11)2‐2‐NMe2C6H4 (2) and 1‐HOCPh2CH2‐2‐NMe2C6H4 (3) with n‐BuLi in diethyl ether, the solvent‐free chelated dimethylamino lithium alkoxides [1‐LiOCPh2‐2‐NMe2C6H4]2 (4), [1‐LiOC(C6H11)2‐2‐NMe2C6H4]2 (5) and [1‐LiOCPh2CH2‐2‐NMe2C6H4]2 (6) were obtained. The lithium alkoxides 4–6 were characterized by 1H, 7Li, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Crystal structure determinations of 5 and 6 were carried out. Compounds 5 and 6 are examples of structurally characterized solvent‐free chelated dimethylamino lithium alkoxides and 6 is a rare example of this type containing a seven‐membered ring. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of ruthenium complexes with carbonyl and polypyridyl ligands derived from dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine: application to the water gas shift reaction
Authors: Aguirre P. , López R. , Villagra D. , Azocar‐Guzman I. , Pardey A. J. , Moya S. A. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe preparation and spectroscopic properties of new dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine ruthenium complexes are described. The complexes show high catalytic activity in the water gas shift reaction in a basic medium under mild conditions (PCO = 0.9 atm at 100 °C). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review: Biodegradation of tributyltins (organotins) by marine bacteria
Authors: Dubey S. K. , Roy U. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractMany marine bacterial strains have an inherent capability to degrade toxic organotin compounds, especially tributyltins (TBTs), that enter into the environment in the form of insecticides, fungicides and antifouling paints as a result of anthropogenic and industrial activities. Significant degradation of these compounds in the ambient environment may take several years, and it is necessary to consider methods or strategies that can accelerate the degradation process. There have been few demonstrations of biological degradation of these organotin biocides exclusively in laboratory‐scale experiments. Compared with the few bench‐scale degradation processes, there are no reports of field‐scale processes for TBT bioremediation, in spite of its serious environmental threat to non‐target organisms in the aquatic environment. Implementation of field‐scale biodegradation of TBT requires inputs from biology, hydrology, geology, chemistry and civil engineering. A framework is emerging that can be adapted to develop new processes for bioremediation of toxic environmental wastes. In the case of TBT bioremediation, this framework incorporates screening and identification of natural bacterial strains, determination of optimal conditions for growth of isolates and TBT degradation, establishment of new metabolic pathways involved in TBT degradation, identification, localization and cloning of genes involved in degradation and in TBT resistance, development of suitable microbial strains using genetic manipulation techniques for practical applications and optimization of practical engineering processes for bioremediation of organotin‐contaminated sites. The present review mainly addresses the aspect of TBT biodegradation with special reference to environmental sources of TBT, chemical structure and biological activity, resistant and degrading bacterial strains, possible mechanisms of resistance and degradation and the genetic and biochemical basis of TBT degradation and resistance. It also evaluates the feasibility and potential of natural and genetically modified TBT‐degrading bacterial strains in field‐scale experiments to bioremediate TBT‐contaminated marine sites, and makes recommendations for more intensive and focused research in the area of TBT bioremediation mediated by marine bacterial strains. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of monodisperse magnetic poly(styrene butyl acrylate methacrylic acid) microspheres in the presence of a polar solvent
Authors: Xie Gang , Zhang Qiuyu , Luo Zhengping , Wu Min , Li Tiehu 
Published: January 2003

AbstractMagnetic poly(styrene butyl acrylate methacrylic acid) [P(St–BA–MAA)] microspheres were prepared by emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization in the presence of a polar solvent and a ferrofluid prepared by a coprecipitation method. The effects of some polymerization parameters, such as the medium polarity, reaction temperature, initiator content, and surfactant content in the ferrofluid, on the particle diameter and particle size distribution of magnetic P(St–BA–MAA) microspheres were examined in detail. The results showed that the electrostatic repulsion in the polymerization system significantly affected the monodispersity of the resulting magnetic polymer microspheres. The proper electrostatic repulsion, achieved through changes in the medium polarity and amount of surfactant in the polymerization system, improved the monodispersity, but a higher or lower repulsion led to a decrease in the monodispersity. Although the existence of surfactant and magnetite particles reduced the monodispersity more or less, the polymerization behavior of an emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization in the presence of the ferrofluid was analogous to that of a conventional emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1733–1738, 2003