bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of ion polarizability and oxygen vacancy on microwave dielectric properties of fluorite‐structured Ce1−xCaxO2−x
Authors: Sun Yun , Wu Jiangtao , Tang Ying , Xiang Huaicheng , Li Jie , Fang Liang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractX‐ray diffractometer with Rietveld refinement and Raman spectroscopy were used for phase analysis. Ca doping results in decreased εr (24.09–21.52), Q × f (68 914–40 110 GHz), and τf (−50.0 ppm/°C to −60.2 ppm/°C) all decrease, which obviously does not conform to the mutual constraint relationship among the three parameters of microwave dielectric properties. The εr of Ce1−xCaxO2−x ceramics is affected by the ion polarizability and the Ce rattling and valence states, among which the rattling of Ce cations plays a dominant role. The presence of oxygen vacancies in Ce1−xCaxO2−x ceramics explains the decrease in Q × f. The τε, εr, and αL are responsible for the decrease in τf, especially for the ταm‐3αL values.
Surface electron modulation of metal oxide‐based electrochemical devices by surface additives—linking sensors and fuel cells
Authors: Staerz Anna F. , Seo Han Gil , Tuller Harry L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe interaction between ambient oxygen and the metal oxide surface is central to various electrochemical devices. Solid oxide fuel cell cathodes and semiconducting metal oxide gas sensors are two prominent examples. Parallels between these two systems are highlighted in this perspective. In both cases, the presence of foreign surface species has been found to significantly alter the interactions of the metal oxides’ surfaces with oxygen. On the one hand, interactions are hindered due to the presence of certain impurities, such as the degradation of fuel cell cathode by Si‐species that originate from processing or from operating environments. On the other hand, electrochemically active noble metal additives have been intentionally used to tune the sensor response of metal oxides. In the case of electrochemically active additives, the need for operando spectroscopies to elucidate the mechanism is discussed. Electronic coupling of the surface additive with the metal oxide is found to play a central role in both cases. We use these results to demonstrate that insights gained from either field can be effectively applied to the other.
From Shark Bait to final girl in filmic horror: Young women, killer sharks, and the Monstrous‐Masculine
Authors: Hopkins Susan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study examines filmic (mis)use of monstrous sharks as metaphors for exploring prey and predation, and how these films have incorporated postfeminist discourses around a symbolic overcoming of gendered violence. Research methods deployed include framing analysis of film narratives, dialogue and visual elements, including the key phrases and images used in the theatrical release posters and other promotional materials of shark attack horror films. The evolving shark horror film subgenre relies on common carefully constructed metaphors, narrative parallels, genre conventions and stylistic processes which not only convey gendered ideologies but build an entire contrived nightmare universe around human‐shark interactions.
Paying for forest carbon: Cost‐effectiveness of the Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) remuneration scheme
Authors: Indrajaya Yonky , Weikard Hans‐Peter , Mohren Frits , van der Werf Edwin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractForests play an essential role in climate change mitigation by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing carbon in biomass. Carbon sequestration can be increased by the extension of rotation cycles in existing plantation forests. This study examines the cost‐effectiveness of the remuneration scheme employed by Verified Carbon Standard (VCS), a commonly used carbon accounting method based on the average amount of carbon stored in the forest. We compare the net present value of carbon remuneration under VCS with that of a scheme that remunerates actual carbon storage in each year which we call “current carbon accounting.” We use data for an Acacia mangium plantation in Indonesia where the forestry sector is expected to contribute more than half of the reductions of carbon emissions according to Indonesia's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement. For our baseline scenario, we find, first, that the payments needed to incentivise additional carbon storage under VCS are considerably higher than under current carbon accounting. Second, the inefficiency is more pronounced at lower discount rates. Third, recent prices reported for VCS forest credits are not sufficient to incentivise forest managers to lengthen the forest rotation in Indonesian plantation forests.
Expression of SmATPDases 1 and 2 in Schistosoma mansoni eggs favours IL‐10 production in infected individuals
Authors: Gomides Thalisson Artur Ribeiro , de Souza Márcio Luís Moreira , de Figueiredo Amanda Braga , Lima Marlucy Rodrigues , Silveira Alda Maria Soares , de Assis Girley Francisco Machado , Fraga Lúcia Alves Oliveira , Silveira‐Nunes Gabriela , Martucci Letícia , Garcia Jennifer Delgado , Afonso Luís Carlos Crocco , Teixeira‐Carvalho Andréa , Leite Pauline Martins 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA role of IL‐10 is down‐regulating T‐cell responses to schistosome antigens. Since SmATPDases can be correlated to modulation of the immune response, we evaluated the expression of enzymes in S. mansoni eggs. Faecal samples were collected from 40 infected individuals to detect coding regions of the SmATPDases. The cytokines were measured in supernatants of PBMC. The analysis was performed by the global median determination and set up high producers (HP) of cytokines. Six individuals expressed SmATPDase1, six expressed SmATPDase2 and six expressed both enzymes. The group who expressed only SmATPDase1 showed a high frequency of IFN‐γ, TNF IL‐4 HP; individuals who expressed only SmATPDase2 showed a high frequency of IFN‐γ, IL‐6 and IL‐4 HP; and individuals who expressed both enzymes showed a high frequency of IL‐10 HP. The comparison of the IFN‐γ/IL‐10 ratio presented higher indices in the group who had SmATPDase 2 expression than those who had the expression of both enzymes. The positive correlation between infection intensity and IL‐10 levels remained only in the positive SmATPDase group. The IL‐10 is the only cytokine induced by the expression of both enzymes. Our data suggest that the expression of both enzymes seems to be a factor that modulates the host immune response by inducing high IL‐10 production.
Measuring the stasis: Punctuated equilibrium theory and partisan polarization
Authors: Brock Clare , Mallinson Daniel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe American policy process is characterized by a pattern known as “Punctuated Equilibrium,” manifesting as periods of stasis interspersed with large periods of change. Punctuated equilibrium suggests that friction in the policy process and uneven information processing result in a policy process that over‐ and underreacts to problems. Increasingly, American political institutions are also characterized by high levels of partisanship, which are rising steadily and represent one of many sources of institutional friction. We argue that with increased polarization, the policy process has become longer, exaggerating patterns of stasis and punctuation—the periods of stasis being more prolonged and punctuations less frequent. In sum, increased partisan polarization in Congress amplifies patterns of punctuated equilibrium. We test this theory using data from the Comparative Agendas Project on the federal budget and public laws, using kurtosis scores to measure the relative force of punctuations versus statis. We find increasingly leptokurtic distributions of budget changes from 1948 to 2020, but a decreasingly leptokurtic distribution of public law passage across the same time. These findings indicate that polarization has resulted in exaggerated patterns of punctuated equilibrium in the legislative process, and a tendency toward fewer, higher‐stakes public laws.
Factors associated with the maintenance in food texture for dependent older people with dysphagia living in nursing home – A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Takahashi Noriaki , Kikutani Takeshi , Ebihara Katsuko , Genkai Sae , Takahashi Ikumi , Kodama Miho , Machida Reiko , Tohara Takashi , Tamura Fumiyo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesMaintaining the texture of the food that nursing home residents eat is critical for maintaining quality of life and preventing malnutrition. The aim of the present study was to identify the conditions necessary for maintaining food texture for this population.Materials and MethodsThe study included 143 people for whom reevaluation 1‐year post‐baseline was possible from among 256 dependent older people who consumed solid food on admission to a nursing home (baseline). The age, sex, primary disease, activities of daily living, nutritional status, oral status, swallowing ability, primitive reflexes, and food texture of the participants were determined. The participants who ate pureed or jelly after 1 year were identified and evaluated to determine factors related to maintenance of a solid diet.ResultsA total of 21 participants (14.7%) changed to a pureed or jelly diet after 1 year. Multivariate analysis showed good activities of daily living (p < .05), good swallowing ability (p < .05), and maintained nutritional status (p < .05) to be correlated with solid food maintenance.ConclusionsMaintaining activities of daily living, feeding and swallowing ability, and nutritional status appear to be important factors for the maintenance of a solid diet.
The hidden curriculum of peer teaching in developing a professional identity: Perspectives of medical students and junior doctors
Authors: Lu Victoria , Kumar Koshila 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionPeer teaching has been utilised in the field of medical education to support learning of the curriculum in both pre‐clinical and clinical contexts. The literature has shown that there is a hidden curriculum unique to peer teaching, but little is known about this from the peer learner perspective. This study explored the hidden curriculum of peer teaching and from the perspective of medical students and junior doctors.MethodsData was collected via one‐on‐one interviews with 10 participants including junior doctors and medical students (n = 10). The interviews were transcribed, and thematic analysis was used to interpret the data.ResultsFive themes were identified in relation to the hidden curriculum of peer teaching—specifically, learning how to be a professional; be a better learner; to care for self and others; to navigate career pathways; and to become a future teacher.ConclusionPeer teaching is a powerful resource for professional identity development in medicine and can be better leveraged to deliver on this potential.
An empirically informed account of numbers as reifications
Authors: dos Santos César Frederico 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe field of numerical cognition provides a fairly clear picture of the processes through which we learn basic arithmetical facts. This scientific picture, however, is rarely taken as providing a response to a much‐debated philosophical question, namely, the question of how we obtain number knowledge, since numbers are usually thought to be abstract entities located outside of space and time. In this paper, I take the scientific evidence on how we learn arithmetic as providing a response to the philosophical question of how we obtain number knowledge. I reject the view that numbers are abstract entities located outside of space and time and, alternatively, derive from the scientific evidence a novel account of the nature of numbers. In this account, numbers are reifications of the counting procedure and arithmetic statements are seen as describing the functioning of counting and calculation techniques.
How has the municipal availability of the GeneXpert®MTB/RIF system affected the detection of drug‐resistant tuberculosis in Brazil?
Authors: Aguilar‐Jiménez Jhancy Rocío , Pelissari Daniele Maria , Diaz‐Quijano Fredi Alexander 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between the availability of GeneXpert®MTB/RIF in municipalities and the proportion of people who have access to this diagnostic technology for tuberculosis (TB), as well as the resistance detected by the surveillance system in Brazil.MethodsWe analysed 4998 Brazilian municipalities that reported 432,937 new TB cases between 2015 and 2020. We compared municipalities with and without the availability of GeneXpert®MTB/RIF regarding the effective access to GeneXpert®MTB/RIF diagnosis and the prevalence of detected resistance.ResultsMunicipalities with at least one GeneXpert®MTB/RIF system had three times (95% CI 2.9–3.0) the access to diagnostic tests and 80.4% (95% CI 70.6%–90.2%) higher detection of resistance, compared with municipalities without this technology. We estimated that there have been 1890 cases of undetected resistance during this period in the country.ConclusionsThe availability of GeneXpert®MTB/RIF system in the municipality increased the sensitivity of the surveillance for detecting TB resistance.Public Health ImplicationsIt is a priority to strengthen laboratory networks and narrow the gap in access to rapid diagnosis in remote areas to improve the detection and control of drug‐resistant tuberculosis.
Comparison of two apheresis systems for granulocyte collection without hydroxyethyl starch
Authors: Hosoi Hiroki , Nakajima Shiho , Tsujimoto Hiroshi , Murata Shogo , Hori Yoshikazu , Kuriyama Kodai , Mushino Toshiki , Matsunami Misako , Nishikawa Akinori , Kounami Shinji , Hanaoka Nobuyoshi , Sonoki Takashi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesGranulocyte transfusion (GTX) is a treatment option for severe infections in patients with neutropenia. In previous studies, hydroxyethyl starch (HES) was used to enhance red blood cell sedimentation for granulocyte collection (GC). However, there are safety concerns about HES, and HES is not readily available in some countries. Therefore, we compared the granulocyte counts and GC efficiency achieved by two apheresis systems without HES.Materials and MethodsAll consecutive GC procedures performed between July 2011 and March 2018 at our hospital were analysed. COBE Spectra was used until 5 February 2016, and Spectra Optia was used afterwards. HES was not used.ResultsTwenty‐six GC procedures were performed, including 18 performed using COBE Spectra and 8 using Spectra Optia. When Spectra Optia was used, >1 × 1010 neutrophils were collected from seven of the eight (88%) procedures. Although there was no significant difference in the granulocyte yield between COBE Spectra‐based and Spectra Optia‐based GC procedures, the collection efficiency of Spectra Optia was significantly higher than that of COBE Spectra (p = 0.021). Furthermore, the granulocyte yields of Spectra Optia‐based GC tended to be more strongly correlated with the peripheral blood neutrophil count on the day of apheresis than those of COBE Spectra‐based GC.ConclusionOur results suggest that Spectra Optia achieves greater GC efficiency than COBE Spectra, even without HES. GTX may be a therapeutic option for severe neutropenia, even in places where HES is not available.
Underestimated diversity: Integrative taxonomy of Mesenchytraeus (Enchytraeidae, Clitellata) from Changbai Mountain, China
Authors: Chen Juanjuan , Schmelz Rüdiger M. , Zhang Junqian , Xie Zhicai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe holarctic genus Mesenchytraeus is one of the species‐rich genera in the family Enchytraeidae. Changbai Mountain supports high diversity of Mesenchytraeus species, making it an ideal area to explore species boundaries. We explored species boundaries of Mesenchytraeus using an integrative approach. Morphological taxonomy recognized 10 species in this region, five of them new to science. In contrast, molecular species delimitation analyses showed that there are at least 16 species, 11 of them new to science. Clear genetic gaps were observed among species with high interspecific distances (10%–21.2%) and low intraspecific distances (0.2%–6.7%) based on uncorrected p‐distance of the COI gene. Morphological species complex M. spermatoglomeratus consists of three species, M. spermatoglomeratus Zhang, Lu & Xie, 2018 sensu stricto, M. rijina sp. n., and M. manchu sp. n. The M. duodiverticulus complex consists of M. duodiverticulus sp. n. and M. similiduodiverticulus sp. n. The M. monodiverticulus complex consists of M. monodiverticulus Shen, Chen & Xie, 2012 sensu stricto, M. ngulen sp. n., M. zhenggulen sp. n., and M. fokulen sp. n. Further new species, distinguishable with morphological as well as molecular methods, are M. similigigachaetus sp. n., M. parvidiverticulus sp. n., M. digitalisdiverticulus sp. n., and M. infradiverticulus sp. n. Finally, we inferred the morphogenetic processes of spermathecae and sperm bundles, and filtrated some morphological characters which are useful to identify species. As the first attempt in this genus, our study provides an opportunity to discuss the currently used taxonomic criteria and acquire new ideas for the taxonomy of enchytraeids.
Reliability of Accuracy and Precision Tests for Elite Para Table Tennis Players
Authors: Galas Szymon , Andrzejewski Marcin , Pluta Beata 
Published: November 2023

The primary purpose of this study was to adapt selected accuracy and precision tests in table tennis to the specific skills of elite table tennis players with impairment. The study included a sample of 23 Para table tennis players with an average age of 31.8 ± 12.22 years (including 30.4% females) who belonged to the senior Polish Para table tennis team. A battery of six tests evaluating stroke accuracy and serve precision was assessed. The analysis of the reliability of these tests confirmed the legitimacy of using this battery of accuracy and precision tests to assess the skills of Para table tennis players in all three integrated sport classes: players in wheelchairs, in a standing position, and with intellectual impairment. Analysis of the data obtained from the tests could provide coaches with relevant information regarding elite Para table tennis players’ level of performance and examine selected accuracy and precision elements of their individual technique.
The reROOT Coaching Program: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Its Impact on Coaching Style and Athlete Sports Development
Authors: Lemelin Emilie , Carpentier Joëlle , Gadoury Sophie , Petit Élodie , Forest Jacques , Richard Jean-Paul , Joussemet Mireille , Mageau Geneviève A. 
Published: November 2023

The reROOT program teaches coaches 40 behaviors belonging to a need-supportive coaching style (including structure, involvement, and autonomy support), as defined by self-determination theory. This pilot randomized controlled trial, conducted during the COVID-19-related lockdown, evaluated the impact of this 18-hr program on coaching style (e.g., Problems in Sports Questionnaire) and on athlete motivation (Motivation Underlying Achievement Goals Questionnaire), performance (tactical, technical, physical, and psychological skills), and well-being (Satisfaction with Life Scale; Positive and Negative Affect Schedule). Twenty-three sports teams from two universities were randomized in the experimental or the wait-list control condition. Coaches in the experimental condition evaluated autonomy-supportive coaching styles more favorably than those in the control condition at the 1-year follow-up, but not 2 months after the end of the program. Athletes whose coaches participated in the program did not rate them as having a higher need-supportive coaching style, but experienced greater autonomous motivation and (potentially) performance, and under certain circumstances greater well-being and less controlled motivation 2 months after the end of the program compared with the wait-list condition. These findings suggest that the reROOT program could potentially improve readiness to rely on more autonomy-supportive skills and promote some aspects of sports development in athletes.
Leisure-Time Physical Activity in a Southern Brazilian City (2004–2021): Applying an Equity Lens to Time-Trend Analyses
Authors: Wendt Andrea , Knuth Alan G. , Nunes Bruno P. , de Azevedo Jr Mario Renato , Gonçalves Helen , Hallal Pedro C. , Crochemore-Silva Inácio 
Published: November 2023

Background: This study aimed to verify leisure-time physical activity trends over 15 years and monitor inequalities according to gender, self-reported skin color, and socioeconomic position in a Southern Brazilian city. A secondary aim is to evaluate intersectionalities in physical activity. Methods: Trend analysis using 3 population-based surveys carried out in 2004, 2010, and 2021. Main outcome assessed was the prevalence of physical activity according to recommendations (150 min/wk). Inequalities dimensions measured were sex, self-reported skin color, and wealth. Intersectionalities were evaluated using Jeopardy index combining all inequality dimensions. Trend analysis was performed using least-squares weighted regression. Results: We included data from 3090, 2656, and 5696 adults in 2004, 2010, and 2021, respectively. Prevalence of physical activity remains stable around 25% in the 3 years. In the 3 periods evaluated, men presented a prevalence in average 10 percentage points higher than women (SII2004 = −11.1 [95% confidence interval, CI, −14.4 to −7.8], SII2021 = −10.7 [95% CI, −13.7 to −7.7]). Skin color inequalities did not present a clear pattern. Richest individuals, in general presented a prevalence of leisure-time physical activity level 20pp higher than poorest ones (SII2004 = 20.5 [95% CI, 13.7 to 27.4]; SII2021 = 16.7 [95% CI, 11.3 to 22.0]). Inequalities were widely marked, comparing the most privileged group (represented by men, the wealthiest, and White) and the most socially vulnerable group (represented by women, the poorest, and Black/Brown). The Slope Index of Inequality for intersectionalities was −24.5 (95% CI, −31.1 to −17.9) in 2004 and −18.8 in 2021 (95% CI, −24.2 to −13.4). Conclusions: Our analysis shows that women, Black/Brown, and poor present lower leisure-time physical activity level. This group is often neglected regarding other health and social outcomes.