bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EARLY HISTORY OF MAGNETIC EXPLORATION IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: HINZE WILLIAM J. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Over the past nearly two centuries the magnetic method has been one of the most useful and broadly applied techniques for geologic mapping. Prior to the development of aeromagnetic surveying following World War II magnetic exploration was restricted to ground surveying using primarily mechanical instruments which measured the angular relationships or oscillation of a magnetic needle. This instrumentation was developed initially in western Europe for mapping the geomagnetic field and then iron ore deposits beginning in the seventeenth century. As the instrumentation evolved, sensitivity increased allowing the magnetic method to map additional geologic units of decreasing magnetization. The method was brought to North America where abnormal declination of the magnetic field as measured with the compass was used to map intensely magnetic ironrich rocks in the New Jersey highlands and adjacent New York in the early 1700s. Counterweighted magnetic needles (dip needles) oscillating vertically in the magnetic meridian were developed during the late eighteenth century in Scandinavia for measuring magnetic intensity anomalies that are more readily interpreted than the angular measurements of the compass. These instruments were brought to the eastern United States and were put into use in the mid-1800s in the search for banded iron formations and magnetite-bearing metamorphic and igneous rocks of interest to ore exploration. Similar instrumentation was developed in the British Isles in the first half of the 1800s for national surveys and later for geological exploration. The dip needle and a modification of the sun compass for geologic purposes, the dial compass, were commonly used together for mapping magnetic anomalies of iron ore deposits especially in the Lake Superior region from the U.S. Civil War to World War II. To increase the sensitivity and precision of the measurements numerous additional instruments were developed based on the principle of the dip needle. Particularly important among these were the Schmidt-type magnetometer and Hotchkiss superdip which were widely used in North America after the early 1920s and well into the 1950s. These and similar instruments opened the application of the magnetic method to a broad range of geologic problems important to mineral and petroleum exploration and engineering studies. Interpretation of the mapped magnetic anomalies was advanced with newly developed theoretical representations and model studies of the magnetic intensity of idealized geologic sources that were compared to observed magnetic anomalies.
DR. THOMAS ANTISELL (1817–1893): 19th CENTURY MEDICAL GEOLOGIST
Authors: TESTA STEPHEN M. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
In America, Dr. Thomas Antisell (1817–1893) is best known for his work as a geologist with the Pacific Railroad Survey under Lt. Parke. Prior to his participation with the survey, his background was in medicine, chemistry and geology, with accomplishments in all three areas, notably writing on the geology and soils of his native Ireland. As a political outcast, his arrival in America in 1854 found him teaching chemistry and practicing medicine, until his relationship with fellow Irish botanist and physician John Torrey landed him a position as geologist with that part of the survey exploring portions of southern California, notably the Coastal Range, and southern portions of Arizona and New Mexico. Although his involvement with the survey would be his last large-scale federally-sponsored geological endeavor, he would continue to pursue interests in applied geology, among his other varied interests in medicine and chemistry. These interests would include federal positions as Chemical Examiner with the United States Patent Office, Capital Chemist with the United States Department of Agriculture, surgeon during the Civil War, consultant as a Foreign Advisor in Japan, and Professor at Georgetown University, among other schools of medicine. Although many early American geologists received their academic education at medical schools, and were physicians that made career moves to geology and remained professional geologists throughout their career, Antisell was primarily a physician, with varied interests in applied chemistry and applied geology as evident from his writings. Thus, Antisell is one of America’s early Medical Geologists; a term that would not become familiar and commonplace to the geological community until the 1990s. Moreover, as with other geologists of his time, he got some things right, and others not so, but his work set a geological foundation in new regions of the country, and raised questions that would eventually be addressed more fully by later investigators.
OPALIZED WOOD FROM CLOVER CREEK, IDAHO: HOW AN 1895 FOSSIL TREE DISCOVERY BECAME THE STANDARD OF QUALITY FOR WOOD-OPAL IN MINERALOGICAL COLLECTIONS
Authors: VINEY MIKE , DIETRICH DAGMAR , MILLS JIM , CHENEY SHARON , RUMSEY MIKE , HANSEN ROBIN 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Opalized oak specimens with striking beauty, attributed to Clover Creek, Lincoln County, Idaho, can be seen in numerous museums around the world. Even the casual observer notes the fossil wood grain, reminiscent of modern oak. The provenance of these ‘golden oak’ specimens was a small, unique deposit. Historical documents, photographs and oral histories provide insights into the 1895 fossil discovery, its subsequent excavation, promotion, and distribution. Land surveys in the years immediately following Idaho statehood in 1890 are linked to the fossil discovery. Local farmers, related by marriage, excavated and promoted the fossil wood. A spectacular longitudinal cut specimen was featured on the cover of A. E. Foote’s 1897 mineral catalog. Archived correspondence establishes that specimens were promoted privately before being offered publicly. Current research indicates some specimens suffered fungus damage while the tree was alive. Previously unknown museum specimens are described and incorporated into a hypothetical reconstruction of the fossil tree.
THEODOR POSEWITZ AND HIS BORNEO (1889) – THE FIRST GEOLOGICAL MONOGRAPH OF THE ISLAND
Authors: Kázmér Miklós 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Theodor Posewitz (1850–1917), a Hungarian medical doctor and geologist, spent five years in the Dutch East Indies between 1880 and 1885, serving the colonial Dutch army. He spent time on Java, Borneo, Bangka and Billiton islands. He dedicated his spare time to geological exploration. About eighty of his geological studies appeared in geological and geographical journals. His chief work, the first monograph on the geology of Borneo, including geological and mineral resources maps, was published in German in 1889 and in English in 1892. Early years of his studies and the results of his five-year stay in Asia are discussed, based on archival records. The background for the book, Borneo, and its significance for contemporary and modern science is outlined.
The 26 September 2022 Nord Stream Events: Insights from Nearby Seismic Events
Authors: Heyburn Ross , Green David N. , Nippress Alexandra , Selby Neil D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
On 26 September 2022, two seismic events were detected by regional seismic networks, coincident with media-reported leaks from the Nord Stream gas pipelines in the western Baltic Sea. In this study, we analyze seismic and infrasound signals from these two events and compare the seismic signals with those from other nearby seismic events such as underwater explosions and presumed earthquakes. Arrival times of seismic signals from the events on 26 September 2022 are used to show that the epicenters for both the events are in the vicinity of the Nord Stream pipelines. Signals from the two events display features that are characteristic of sources occurring near the seafloor. Observed P/S ratios from the Nord Stream events are also different from those observed for nearby presumed earthquakes. The observed seismic and infrasound signals are longer duration than would be expected from a single explosive source and show similarities with those observed from underwater volcano eruptions and gas pipeline explosions. The difference between seismic magnitudes estimated for the first Nord Stream pipeline event (MLP 2.32) and an event associated with the rupture of the Balticconnector pipeline on 7 October 2023 (MLP 1.09) is consistent with the estimated potential energy ratio of the gas in the pipelines. This suggests that the initial seismic signals from the first Nord Stream event may be dominated by energy generated by the venting of gas.
Peningkatan Produksi Rumput Brachiaria humidicola pada Padang Penggembalaan Melalui Suplementasi Pupuk Organic Feses Ayam
Authors: Prihantoro Iwan , Aditia Edit Lesa , Setiana M Agus , Saidah Idah , Meilania Raisa 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT. Brachiaria humidicola merupakan jenis rumput utama di padang penggembalaan Unit Pendidikan dan Penelitian Peternakan Jonggol (UP3J) Fakultas Peternakan, IPB University. Diperlukan strategi untuk meningkatkan produksi biomassa tanaman sesuai potensi genetiknya. Tujuan penelitian adalah upaya peningkatan produktivitas rumput Brachiaria humidicola di padang penggembalaan UP3J melalui suplementasi pupuk feses ayam yang ideal. Penelitian di desain dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan K = urea 150 kg ha-1, FA05 = 5 ton ha-1 pupuk organik + urea 75 kg ha-1, FA10 = 10 ton ha-1 pupuk organik + urea 75 kg ha-1, FA15 = 15 ton ha-1 pupuk organik + urea 75 kg ha-1, FA20 = 20 ton ha-1 pupuk organik + urea 75 kg ha-1. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan FA20 sangat nyata (p0,01) meningkatkan tampilan morfologi tanaman dan produksi biomassanya. Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah suplementasi pupuk feses ayam hingga dosis 20 ton ha-1 tidak mengubah status pH tanah. Suplemantasi pupuk feses ayam dosis 20 ton ha-1 adalah yang terbaik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan morfologi rumput Brachiaria humidicola (jumlah tunas, jumlah stolon, panjang stolon dan tinggi tanaman) dan produksi biomassa tanaman. Suplementasi pupuk feses ayam ≥ 10 ton ha-1 menghasilkan dominasi warna daun hijau muda sebagai visualisasi dari daun muda. (Improvement of grass production Brachiaria humidicola in grazing fields through supplementation of organic fertilizer poultry manure) ABSTRAK. Brachiaria humidicola is one of grass that predominantly grown at pasture at Jonggol Animal Science Teaching and Research Unit (Jastru), Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University. Improvement strategy should be done to increase biomass production of the grass. The objective of the research was to improve Brachiaria humidicola grass productivity with supplementation of fertilizer from broiler chicken manure. Completely randomized design with five different treatments, namely K = urea 150 kg ha-1, FA05 = 5 ton ha-1 of organic fertilizer + urea 75 kg ha-1, FA10 = 10 ton ha-1 of organic fertilizer + urea 75 kg ha-1, FA15 = 15 ton ha-1 of organic fertilizer + urea 75 kg ha-1, FA20 = 20 ton ha-1 of organic fertilizer + urea 75 kg ha-1. Result shows that FA20 treatment produce the highest production of biomass and improve plant morphology appearance compare to another treatment (P0,01). Supplementation of organic fertilizer up to 20 ton ha-1 did not change soil pH status. In addition, it can improve growth of the Brachiaria humidicola morphology (number of shoots and stolons, stolons length and plant height) and biosmass production. Furthermore, Supplementation of organic fertilizer more than 10 ton ha-1 produce leaf with predominantly light green color as a visualization of the young leaves.
The pandemic and Africa: a review of the psychological, social, and nutritional impact of COVID-19 in Africa
Authors: Wei Calvin R. , Fan Chenyue , Rizwan Maria , Lang’at Godwin C. , Peter Malachy B. 
Published: December 2023

COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the lives of populations across the world. Since the first reported case of the coronavirus in Wuhan, China, the world faced a situation of dealing with a novel virus. While the physical health effects of the coronavirus were the center of focus for much of the pandemic, COVID-19 was accompanied with significant social, psychological and nutritional consequences on the world populations. Governments world over moved to contain the virus through nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) by implementing restrictions on social engagement, travel, curfews, and limiting school and workplace attendance. These NPIs significantly affected the vulnerable, low-income populations as they faced high levels of poverty, challenging living conditions, and already-existing inequality owing to disrupted day-to-day activities and social interactions. In this review, we aim to assess how the coronavirus pandemic has affected the African continent at large, highlighting the socio-psychological and nutritional consequences. The paper notes important social dimensions that faced the greatest disruptions and effects, with education being affected by school closures in Africa as across the world and resulting in learning losses for millions of school-going children. The workplace was also affected as reflected in the unemployment consequence where millions of adults lost their jobs due to suspended economic activity. Family and gender-based violence cases further emphasized the social consequences of the pandemic since lockdowns confined women and children to vulnerable environments and denied them access to protective services. The negative economic effects of the pandemic further worsened poverty and inequality for a population that was already in abject conditions. Moreover, there were issues related to the overburdening of a fragile healthcare system, psychological consequences associated with stress and depression and grief and loss, stigma and discrimination related to COVID-19 infection, and nutritional impacts covering food insecurity, malnutrition, and the effects on school feeding programs for children. Accordingly, through citing some examples of a few countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, the review will detail the experiences of the populations within this region which remain plagued with economic and health vulnerabilities that were further exposed by the pandemic.
Reducing Organizational Cynicism in Health Promoting Girls' Schools: A Grounded Theory Approach
Authors: Karimi Fateme , Talebi Behnam 
Published: December 2023

Background: Organizational cynicism is a negative attitude toward the organization. The design of health promoting schools (HPSs), one of the indicators of which is the creation of mental health for school staff, can reduce cynicism.
Methods: The present study used a qualitative approach and the grounded theory (GT) method. The statistical population included all managers and assistants of secondary HPSs in Tabriz. The purposive sampling method was used, and the data collection tool was a semi-structured interview.
Results: This research aimed to identify a model for reducing organizational cynicism in HPSs in Tabriz. According to the inclusion criteria and to reach data saturation, a semi-structured interview was conducted with eight people. Data analysis was performed based on Strauss and Corbin's continuous comparison strategy. The findings identified individuals, groups, and environments as factors affecting organizational cynicism (causative conditions). The basis and background of organizational cynicism is the internal and external environment of HPSs, which are also affected by the implementation barriers of HPS programs.
Conclusion: The best strategy for solving this problem is to build confidence in the design of the HPSs to attract cooperation in its implementation and create coordination between the activities of different organizations, which can lead to sustainable psychological outcomes and the success of HPSs programs.
Generalized Reynolds Operators on Hom-Lie Triple Systems
Authors: Xiao Yunpeng , Teng Wen , Long Fengshan 
Published: January 2024

Uchino first initiated the study of generalized Reynolds operators on associative algebras.
Recently, related research has become a hot topic. In this paper, we first introduce the notion of generalized Reynolds operators on Hom-Lie triple systems associated to a representation and a 3-cocycle.
Then, we develop cohomology of generalized Reynolds operators on Hom-Lie triple systems with coefficients in a suitable representation. As applications, we use the first cohomology group to classify linear deformations and we study the obstruction class of an extendable
order $n$ deformation. Finally, we introduce and investigate Hom-NS-Lie triple system as the underlying
structure of generalized Reynolds operators on Hom-Lie triple systems.
Penerapan Pendekatan Neurosains Berbantuan Media “Kuba-Kusa” Dalam Peningkatan Pembelajaran Matematika tentang Bangun Ruang pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri Kradegan Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023
Authors: Diennanti Intan , Rokhmaniyah Rokhmaniyah , Suhartono Suhartono 
Published: January 2024

<div>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan penerapan pendekatan neurosains berbantuan media kuba-kusa; meningkatkan pembelajaran matematika tentang bangun ruang pada siswa kelas V; serta mendeskripsikan kendala dan solusi yang ditemui dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus. Subjek penelitian adalah guru dan siswa kelas V SDN Krandegan. Data yang digunakan berupa data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan tes. Validitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Analisis data dilaksanakan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penilaian menunjukkan peningkatan pembelajaran matematika dengan penerapan pendekatan neurosains berbantuan media kuba-kusa. Persentase ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I = 74,19%, siklus II = 82,26%, dan siklus III = 90,33%. Kendala yang ditemui yaitu siswa kurang aktif dan kurang percaya diri dalam pembelajaran. Hal ini disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pendekatan neurosains berbantuan media kuba-kusa dapat meningkatkan pembelajaran matematika tentang bangun ruang pada siswa kelas V SDN Krandegan tahun ajaran 2022/2023.</div><div id="pip-toast"> </div>
THE EFFECT OF TRAINING ON MUSCLE MASS DEVELOPMENT IN KONI DKI JAKARTA WUSHU ATHLETES
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT Muscle mass is a part of body composition that is important for athletes’ health and performance, especially Wushu athletes. An optimal training program can increase athlete’s muscle mass, so it is necessary to evaluate muscle mass changing before and after the exercise program. The purpose of this program is to determine the effect of training on muscle mass development in PELATDA KONI DKI Jakarta Wushu athletes.
Anthropometric and body composition examinations (muscle mass, skeletal muscle, and segmental muscle mass) were carried out before and after the exercise program. Examinations were carried out in June and September 2023. 20 of the 22 Wushu athletes took part in anthropometric and body composition examinations. Data was analyzed using the Paired Sample T test. Results showed that there was no significant difference between muscle mass, skeletal muscle and segmental muscle mass before and after the exercise program with >0.05 p value. Our findings show that the training program is less effective in increasing Wushu athletes’ muscle mass. Further research needs to be carried out to examine training programs and other supporting factors such as nutrition and recovery in increasing athletes’ muscle mass.
Machine learning approach in diagnosis and risk factors detection of pancreatic fistula
Authors: Potievskiy Mikhail Borisovich , Petrov Leonid Olegovich , Ivanov Sergei Anatolyevich , Sokolov Pavel Viktorovich , Trifanov Vladimir Sergeevich , Moshurov Ruslan Ivanovich , Shegai Petr Viktorovich , Kaprin Andrei Dmitrievich 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose. The aim of the study is to develop a predictive ML model of development of postoperative pancreatic and to detect the main risk factors of the complications.
Methods. We performed a single-centre retrospective clinical study. 150 patients, who underwent pancreatoduodenal resection in FSBI NMRRC, were included in the study. We developed ML models, basing on the pre- and intraoperative data and the 3-5 postoperative days data. Binary model classes were no fistula and biochemical leak or fistula B/C. 3-dimentional model distinguished no fistula, biochemical leak and fistula B/C. Logistic regression, Random forest and CatBoost algorithms were employed. The risk factor were evaluated basing on the most accurate model, roc auc, and Kendall correlation, p<0.05.
Results. We detected significant positive correlation of blood and drain amylase level increase in association with biochemical leak and pancreatic fistula B/C. Catboost algorithm was detected as the most accurate, roc auc 74%-86%. Risk factors were evaluated with model parameter “importance”. Binary model, roc auc 71%, detected the main risk factors of all the fistulas on the first postoperative day: tumor vascular invasion, age and BMI. Risk factors of fistula B/C were BMI, age, tumor size and vascular invasion, the 3-dimensional model roc auc 70%. Basing on the 3-5 days data, binary model risk factors were blood and drain amylase levels, blood leukocytes, roc auc 86%. Fistula B/C risk factors were the same, the 3-dimensional model roc auc 75%. BMI and age were also important.
Conclusion. We developed sufficient quality ML models of postoperative pancreatic fistulas. Blood and drain amylase level increase were the major risk factors of further fistula B/C development. Young age and high tumor size were common factors of fistulas development.
Host Range and Phylogeny of Cuscuta Campestris Yunck With Newly Added Members From the Poaceae Family in Türkiye
Authors: ŞİN Bahadır , öztürk lerzan , KADIOGLU İzzet 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck) is an annual parasitic plant that wraps around the host plant and attaches to haustoria. The dodder attachment occurred rarely in the Poaceae family, and there are limited cases worldwide. During an extensive survey in Thrace, Türkiye, to determine the distribution of C. campestris Yunck, the dodder was found attached to monocotyledon plants, including Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., Alopecurus myosuroides Huds, Avena fatua L., Avena sterilis L., Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn, Echinocloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv, Bromus tectorum L., Hordeum murinum L., Elymus repens (L.) Gould, and Lolium perenne L. The crop plants attached by dodder include Secale cereale L. and Triticum aestivum L. The parasite’s damage was visible in Echinocloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv, and Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. For molecular analysis, dodder DNA was extracted by the CTAP method. PCR was performed, and the PCR product was sequenced. The similarity in the sequence was compared with Blast records of other countries, and our local population showed higher similarity with 100 hits. Neighbour-joining was performed on Mega X software, comparing 30 different sequences, and the phylogenetic tree was generated. Compared with C. campestris accessions KJ400050 and EU883527 in GENBANK, the Thrace population showed 99% identity.