bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health and economic burden of low back pain and rheumatoid arthritis attributable to smoking in 192 countries and territories in 2019
Authors: Chen Ningjing , Fong Daniel Yee Tak , Wong Janet Yuen Ha 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsSmoking is a risk factor for low back pain (LBP) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to estimate the global health and economic burden of LBP and RA attributable to smoking.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted in 192 countries and territories.CasesPrevalent cases of LBP and RA were used, extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study 2019 data repositories.MeasurementsSmoking‐attributable health and economic burden was estimated with the population‐attributable fraction method. Smoking‐attributable prevalence of LBP and RA and health‐care costs were estimated for patients of all ages, whereas years lived with disability (YLDs) and productivity losses due to morbidity were estimated for patients aged 15–84 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) of the results were obtained by repeating the analysis with the lower and upper bounds of all input variables.FindingsGlobally, smoking accounted for 84.5 million (UI = 56.7–120.2 million) prevalent cases of LBP, 1.8 million (UI = 0.5–3.4 million) prevalent cases of RA and 11.3 million (UI = 6.2–18.5 million) YLDs, which represented 1.5% of all‐cause YLDs in the working‐age population aged 15–84 years in 2019. Health‐care costs and productivity losses of smoking‐attributable LBP and RA cost the global economy purchasing‐power parity $326.0 billion (UI = $184.0–521.4 billion), representing 0.2% of the global gross domestic product. Specifically, smoking accounted for $65.8 billion (UI = $38.0–101.2 billion) in health‐care costs world‐wide, with more than half [$39.8 billion (UI = $23.1–61.3 billion), 60.6%] borne by the public sector. Smoking also contributed to $260.3 billion (UI = $146.0–420.3 billion) in productivity losses globally. Approximately 60.0% of the global YLDs were observed in middle‐income countries, whereas 84.4% of health‐care costs and 72.7% of productivity losses were borne by high‐income countries.ConclusionsGlobally, in 2019, smoking accounted for more than 11.0 million years lived with disability and purchasing‐power parity $326.0 billion in economic losses due to low back pain and rheumatoid arthritis. Middle‐income countries suffered more morbidity, whereas high‐income countries experienced larger economic losses.
Enhanced cannabis timeline followback (EC‐TLFB): Comprehensive assessment of cannabis use including standard THC units and validation through biological measures
Authors: Petrilli Kat , Lawn Will , Lees Rachel , Mokrysz Claire , Borissova Anya , Ofori Shelan , Trinci Katie , dos Santos Renato , Leitch Harry , Soni Shilpa , Hines Lindsey A. , Lorenzetti Valentina , Curran H. Valerie , Freeman Tom P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsThe aims of this study were to present an enhanced cannabis timeline followback (EC‐TLFB) enabling comprehensive assessment of cannabis use measures, including standard tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) units, and to validate these against objectively indexed urinary 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC‐COOH) concentrations.DesignWe used cross‐sectional baseline data from the ‘CannTeen’ observational longitudinal study.SettingThe study was conducted in London, UK.ParticipantsA total of 147 participants who used cannabis regularly took part in the study (n = 71 female, n = 76 male; mean age = 21.90, standard deviation = 5.32).MeasurementsThe EC‐TLFB was used to calculate frequency of cannabis use, method of administration, including co‐administration with tobacco, amount of cannabis used (measured with unaided self‐report and also using pictorial aided self‐report) and type of cannabis product (flower, hash) which was used to estimate THC concentration (both from published data on THC concentration of products and analysis of cannabis samples donated by participants in this study). We calculated total weekly standard THC units (i.e. 5 mg THC for all cannabis products and methods of administration) using the EC‐TLFB. The outcome variable for validation of past week EC‐TLFB assessments was creatinine‐normalized carboxy‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC‐COOH) in urine.FindingsAll measures of cannabis exposure included in this analysis were positively correlated with levels of THC‐COOH in urine (r = 0.41–0.52). Standard THC units, calculated with average concentrations of THC in cannabis in the UK and unaided self‐report measures of amount of cannabis used in grams showed the strongest correlation with THC‐COOH in urine (r = 0.52, 95% bias‐corrected and accelerated = 0.26–0.70).ConclusionsThe enhanced cannabis timeline followback (EC‐TLFB) can provide a valid assessment of a comprehensive set of cannabis use measures including standard tetrahydrocannabinol units as well as and traditional TLFB assessments (e.g. frequency of use and grams of cannabis use).
Responsible leadership and its place in the leadership domain: A meaning‐based systematic review
Authors: de Klerk Jeremias J. , Jooste Michelle 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe emerging field of responsible leadership holds various possibilities for business and society. The wide range of conceptualizations, definitions, and theorizations of RL as a distinctive or unique leadership construct has not previously been investigated through a systematic review. To conceptualize the intrinsic meaning of responsible leadership as a distinct leadership construct, and to bring coherence to the expanding body of literature on responsible leadership, evidence from 162 peer‐reviewed journal articles on responsible leadership, ethical leadership, servant leadership, authentic leadership, transformational leadership, and values‐based leadership have been analyzed through a systematic review. The aim was to synthesize a coherent and intrinsic meaning of responsible leadership in order to identify the place of responsible leadership in the leadership domain. The findings suggest that responsible leadership is not an independent leadership construct, but largely builds on and leverages other leadership theories and approaches. However, the findings indicate that the core meaning of responsible leadership is distinctive in its relational focus on, and accountability for, the active engagement of stakeholders; the balancing of stakeholder interests; the building of social capital; and the assurance of long‐term sustainability of society and the natural environment, beyond responsibilities to internal stakeholders.
Gynaecological organ involvement in females undergoing radical cystectomy: a multicentre study
Authors: Lobo Niyati , Uthayanan Leshanth , Uribe‐Lewis Santiago , Issa Rami , Tay Andrea , Thurairaja Ramesh , Nair Raj , Khan Muhammad Shamim , Kusuma Murthy , Abou Chedid Wissam , Moschonas Dimitrios , Woodhams Simon , Swinn Michael , Patil Krishna , Perry Matthew 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveTo report the incidence of malignancy in gynaecological organs removed during radical cystectomy (RC).Patients and MethodsA retrospective multicentre study of 1600 RCs at three high‐volume institutions between January 2009 and March 2022 was performed. Pathological findings in gynaecological organs in female RC specimens were reviewed. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of malignant gynaecological organ involvement (GOI) at time of RC.ResultsOverall, 302 females with a median (interquartile range) age of 68 (61–75) years underwent RC for clinical (c)Ta–T4 bladder cancer. In all, 56 patients (18.5%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Malignant GOI was seen in 20 patients (6.6%); the most common single sites of GOI were the uterus (five patients) and vaginal wall (four), followed by cervix (one), and ovaries (one). Nine patients had involvement of more than one gynaecological organ. No females had a primary gynaecological malignancy detected incidentally at RC. Patients with GOI were more likely to have cT3/T4 stage (P < 0.001), preoperative hydronephrosis (P = 0.004), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.002), and squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.005) than those without GOI. On multivariable analysis, cT4 stage was an independent predictor of malignant GOI (odds ratio 88.3, 95% confidence interval 10.1–1214; P < 0.001).ConclusionTo our knowledge, we present the largest multi‐institutional study examining malignant GOI in females with bladder cancer undergoing RC. The rate of GOI at the time of RC is low and associated with higher clinical stage. In the absence of clinical or radiological evidence of sexual organ involvement, our results do not support their routine removal at the time of RC.
Long‐term outcomes and cost savings of office fulguration of papillary Ta low‐grade bladder cancer
Authors: Vitug Christian , Lajkosz Katherine , Chavarriaga Julian , Llano Andres , Din Shayan , Villegas Eunice , Kuk Cynthia , Chan Amy , Gao Bruce , Hemminki Otto , Kot Dhiral , Misurka Jimmy , van der Kwast Theodorus H. , Wallis Christopher , Jewett Michael A. S. , Soloway Mark S. , Fleshner Neil E. , Kulkarni Girish S. , Zlotta Alexandre R. 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesTo assess whether office‐based fulguration (OF) under local anaesthesia for small, recurrent, pathological Ta low‐grade (LG) non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is an effective alternative to transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT), avoiding the costs and risks of procedure, and anesthesia.Patients and MethodsOf 521 patients with primary TaLG NMIBC, this retrospective study included 270 patients who underwent OF during follow‐up for recurrent, small, papillary LG‐appearing tumours at a university centre (University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada). We assessed the cumulative incidence of cancer‐specific mortality (CSM) and disease progression (to MIBC or metastases), as well as possible direct cost savings.ResultsIn the 270 patients with recurrent TaLG NMIBC treated with OF, the mean (sd) age was 64.9 (13.3) years, 70.8% were men, and 60.3% had single tumours. The mean (sd, range) number of OF procedures per patient was 3.1 (3.2, 1–22). The median (interquartile range) follow‐up was 10.1 (5.8–16.2) years. Patients also underwent a mean (sd) of 3.6 (3.0) TURBTs during follow‐up in case of numerous or bulkier recurrence. In all, 44.4% of patients never received intravesical therapy. The 10‐year incidence of CSM and progression were 0% and 3.1% (95% confidence interval 0.8–5.4%), respectively. Direct cost savings in Ontario were estimated at $6994.14 (Canadian dollars) per patient over the study follow‐up.ConclusionsThis study supports that properly selected patients with recurrent, apparent TaLG NMIBC can be safely managed with OF under local anaesthesia with occasional TURBT for larger or numerous recurrent tumours, without compromising long‐term oncological outcomes. This approach could generate substantial cost‐saving to healthcare systems, is patient‐friendly, and could be adopted more widely.
SynCAM1 deficiency in the hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons contributes to sevoflurane‐induced cognitive impairment in neonatal rats
Authors: Zhao Ming‐ming , Gu Han‐wen , Pan Wei‐tong , Liu Pan‐miao , Zhu Ting‐ting , Shang Hui‐jie , Jia Min , Yang Jian‐jun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsSevoflurane is widely used for general anesthesia in children. Previous studies reported that multiple neonatal exposures to sevoflurane can induce long‐term cognitive impairment in adolescent rats, but the underlying mechanisms were not defined.MethodsPostnatal day 6 (P6) to P8 rat pups were exposed to 30% oxygen with or without 3% sevoflurane balanced with air. The Y maze test (YMT) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were performed in some cohorts from age P35 to assess cognitive functions, and their brain samples were harvested at age P14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 for measurements of various molecular entities and in vivo electrophysiology experiments at age P35.ResultsSevoflurane exposure resulted in cognitive impairment that was associated with decreased synCAM1 expression in parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, a reduction of PV phenotype, disturbed gamma oscillations, and dendritic spine loss in the hippocampal CA3 region. Enriched environment (EE) increased synCAM1 expression in the PV interneurons and attenuated sevoflurane‐induced cognitive impairment. The synCAM1 overexpression by the adeno‐associated virus vector in the hippocampal CA3 region restored sevoflurane‐induced cognitive impairment, PV phenotype loss, gamma oscillations decrease, and dendritic spine loss.ConclusionOur data suggested that neonatal sevoflurane exposure results in cognitive impairment through decreased synCAM1 expression in PV interneurons in the hippocampus.
Treatment of preterm brain injury via gut‐microbiota–metabolite–brain axis
Authors: Li Ling , Liu Tianjing , Shi Yongyan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundBrain injury in preterm infants potentially disrupts critical structural and functional connective networks in the brain. It is a major cause of neurological sequelae and developmental deficits in preterm infants. Interesting findings suggest that the gut microbiota (GM) and their metabolites contribute to the programming of the central nervous system (CNS) during developmental stages and may exert structural and functional effects throughout the lifespan.AimTo summarize the existing knowledge of the potential mechanisms related to immune, endocrine, neural, and blood–brain barrier (BBB) mediated by GM and its metabolites in neural development and function.MethodsWe review the recent literature and included 150 articles to summarize the mechanisms through which GM and their metabolites work on the nervous system. Potential health benefits and challenges of relevant treatments are also discussed.ResultsThis review discusses the direct and indirect ways through which the GM may act on the nervous system. Treatment of preterm brain injury with GM or related derivatives, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, dietary interventions, and fecal transplants are also included.ConclusionThis review summarizes mechanisms underlying microbiota‐gut‐brain axis and novel therapeutic opportunities for neurological sequelae in preterm infants. Optimizing the initial colonization and microbiota development in preterm infants may represent a novel therapy to promote brain development and reduce long‐term sequelae.
A call for early, effective, and scalable parent education programs for high‐conflict separated/divorcing parents: A synthesized perspective from prevention science and family law
Authors: O'Hara Karey L. , Cohen Bruce R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConflict between parents is stressful for children living in the midst of parental separation or divorce. Although some level of post‐separation/divorce conflict is understandable in an emotionally‐charged separation/divorce, it undermines the extent to which parents can protect their children from short‐ and long‐term problems. In this article, we weave together a synthesized perspective informed by our respective training and experience in prevention science and family law on the role of parent education programs for high‐conflict separating/divorcing parents. To do so, we first describe the research on the effects of interparental conflict on children's outcomes and then discuss current approaches and challenges to reducing these negative effects by offering parent education programs for high‐conflict separating/divorcing parents. Then, we propose and describe a new model for early, effective, and scalable parent education programs with the ultimate goal of protecting children after separation/divorce.
Internationalisation in the digital transformation: A scoping review
Authors: Ferreira Santos Luzia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSince March 2020, the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to higher education internationalisation by disrupting long‐standing practices, accelerating the adoption of digital technologies, and pushing universities further into the ‘digital turn’. Nevertheless, it remains unclear to what extent higher education institutions (HEIs) have systematically integrated digitalisation into their broader internationalisation strategies. Therefore, this scoping review aims to trace the evidence in the international scientific literature on the intersections between COVID‐driven digitalisation and HEIs' internationalisation strategies. The focus lies on teaching and learning, cooperation, support structures, and leadership processes. We reviewed 45 studies from an initial selection of 648 sources retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science. Results showed that digitally supported internationalisation strategies are often associated with more cost‐effective, inclusive and sustainable models. Despite ongoing calls for comprehensive approaches, the systematic adoption of virtual internationalisation strategies remains largely a normative subject.
Influence of efavirenz and 8‐hydroxy‐efavirenz plasma levels on cognition and central nervous system side effects
Authors: Ranzani Alice , Castelli Francesco , Di Biagio Antonio , d'Arminio Monforte Antonella , D'Avolio Antonio , Soria Alessandro , Bai Francesca , Focà Emanuele , Taramasso Lucia , Calcagno Andrea , Bresciani Elena , Torsello Antonio , Bonfanti Paolo , Lapadula Giuseppe 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate whether efavirenz (EFV) or 8‐hydroxy‐EFV (8‐OH‐EFV) plasma levels are associated with neurocognitive impairment and central nervous system (CNS) side effects.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis to explore the potential links between EFV/8‐OH‐EFV levels and cognitive performance or CNS‐related side effects in patients screened within a randomized trial involving a switch from EFV to rilpivirine. The Mann–Whitney test was employed to compare drug levels in patients with or without cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, sleep disorder or CNS symptoms. Additionally, Spearman's test was used to assess correlations between drug levels and test scores.ResultsAmong 104 patients, neither EFV nor 8‐OH‐EFV levels were linked to cognitive impairment, although trends towards higher EFV levels were observed in those with impaired executive function (p = 0.055) and language performances (p = 0.021). On the other hand, elevated 8‐OH‐EFV levels, but not EFV levels, were associated with more CNS side effects (222 vs. 151 ng/mL, p = 0.027), depressive symptoms (247 vs. 164 ng/mL, p = 0.067) and sleep impairment (247 vs. 164 ng/mL, p = 0.078). Consistently, a trend towards a correlation between EFV levels and lower z‐scores in executive function and motor function was observed, while 8‐OH‐EFV levels, but not EFV levels, were directly correlated with symptom scores.ConclusionsHigher levels of 8‐OH‐EFV were associated with CNS side effects, while EFV levels were only marginally associated with cognitive performance, thus suggesting that EFV and its metabolite may act differently in determining detrimental neurological effects.
Substitution of maize with sorghum and millets in traditional processing of Mahewu, a non‐alcoholic fermented cereal beverage
Authors: Kudita Sakile , Schoustra Sijmen , Mubaiwa Juliet , Smid Eddy J. , Linnemann Anita R. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThere is growing interest in Sub‐Saharan Africa for substituting maize with climate‐smart crops like sorghum and millets in local food processing. We conducted a survey to explore current variations in processing and consumption practices for Mahewu, a traditionally fermented cereal beverage from Zimbabwe. Processing involved cooking a cereal porridge, adding cereal flour or malt as a starter ingredient, and fermenting for 12–48 h. Ingredient availability was the main driver for porridge ingredient choice (42% of respondents) with the most preferred being maize (55% of respondents), pearl millet (22%) and sorghum (9%). Final product taste had the most influence on starter ingredient choice, with most respondents preferring pearl millet flour (23%), finger millet malt (22%), wheat flour (17%), and sorghum malt (13%). Our study proves that maize can be replaced with sorghum and millet in Mahewu processing, thus increasing the climate‐resilience of future food systems, and demonstrates that traditional practices harbour clues for adapting current practices.
Omega‐3 fatty acids and cardiovascular prevention: is the jury still out?
Authors: Hamilton‐Craig Christian , Kostner Karam , Colquhoun David , Nicholls Stephen J 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe cardiovascular benefits of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3FA) remain a point of confusion in clinical medicine. Recently two large, randomised trials were published with discordant findings regarding the overall benefits of omega‐3 supplementation, resulting in unnecessary confusion and therapeutic nihilism. Epidemiological studies clearly show high intake of fish and measured O3FA (mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) in tissues are inversely associated with cardiovascular events and total mortality. These fatty acids are ‘essential’ and depend almost entirely on intake with very little production from within the body. The efficacy of supplementation depends on background tissue levels, in contradistinction to drug therapy. Insufficient dosing of omega‐3 supplementation using less than 1 g/day and lack of titration to target by failing to measure O3FA levels in the blood may explain these conflicting trial outcomes. We review the current evidence regarding O3FA supplementation and cardiovascular outcomes, describe possible reasons for the discrepant results in the literature including recent controversial data around the mineral oil comparator used in REDUCE‐IT and discuss the potential use of the omega‐3 index to guide management and optimise supplementation in those at greatest risk.
Clinical nurse specialists in nutrition: A systematic review of roles and clinical experiences
Authors: Mancin Stefano , Pipitone Veronica , Testori Angelica , Ferrante Sergio , Soekeland Fanny , Sguanci Marco , Mazzoleni Beatrice 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground/scopeThe Clinical Nurse Specialist in Nutrition is a professional capable of providing specialist clinical assistance and leadership‐related clinical nutrition. To date, although their role has already been identified, there is still uncertainty about how this figure can actually fit into the various global health systems. The purpose of this review is to clarify and define the role of this professional aimed at analysing clinical experiences and data from nutrition scientific societies.MethodologyA systematic literature review was conducted using the Prisma Statement in the Cochrane Library databases and subsequently in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science. In addition, a manual search of studies published in Google Scholar was conducted for the analysis of ‘grey literature’. Out of 3,320 identified records, 20 studies were included in the present review. [Correction added on 06 June 2024, after first online publication: The preceding sentence has been corrected from “Out of 2,348 identified records, 21 studies were included in the present review.” to “Out of 3,320 identified records, 20 studies were included in the present review” in this version.]ResultsThe development of specific training, certification and qualification protection courses is contributing to the development of this professional in various hospital and community clinical contexts. The clinical experiences identified have shown that this figure is able to provide specialist assistance by offering high levels of safety, efficacy and quality of the care provided.Conclusions/ implications for nursingThe implementation of nurse nutrition specialist, to date, is still limited at the global level, and training programmes coordinated between scientific societies and nursing universities could be the basis for the development of this specialization in countries where today this figure is not yet present.