bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management and application of specific location food crop technologies based on ecoregional dry land in central Sulawesi (A Review)
Authors: Syafruddin  , Amin M , Susilawati  , Saidah  , Wahyuni A N , Rahayu H P S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
To achieve food self-sufficiency and food independence, government has been implementing some programs. Those programs generally face two basic problems, namely: 1. A high conversion of paddy fields in to industries and housing area which are in line with the growth of population. 2. Global climate change which causes more frequently of drought and floods in both dry and lowland farming. Dry land is very extensive in Central Sulawesi which can be used as a new source of food production to reach food self sufficiency, while it has not been optimally utilized yet. Thus, Central Sulawesi Province has potency to become a food buffer region in Indonesia by optimizing the utilization of dry land along with the application of specific location technologies. Some technologies which could be simultaneously applied in dry land are high-yield varieties selection, improving cropping patterns, rotation of varieties, modification of cropping systems, and specific location fertilization. This article will discuss or review the results of research that have been carried out in dryland management, the use of adaptive superior varieties, and planting patterns that can significantly increase land productivity and farmer income. So comprehensive planning is needed to improve and optimize the use of dry land. To speed up technology in certain locations, a collaboration between local governments, especially extension services, research institutions and universities is needed to encourage the production and productivity of food crops in dry lands.
The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculation on growth and yield of red chili on the highland andisol soil
Authors: Rosliani Rini , Prathama Mathias , Sulastrini Ineu , Amisnaipa  , Sugiartini Emi , Dahlan Santosa Ade 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOne effort to improve soil fertility and plant productivity is through the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizae. Mycorrhizae plays a role in increasing the absorption of phosphorus elements in the soil. The study aimed to determine the effect of the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizae on increasing the growth and production of chili. The experiment was carried out in the highlands of West Bandung in 2017-2018. The experimental design used was a randomized completely block design (RCBD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of control, 2 kg/m2 mycorrhizae in the nursery, 4 kg/m2 mycorrhizae in the nursery, 10 g/plant mycorrhizae at transplanting, and 20 g/plant mycorrhizae at transplanting. The mycorrhizae used wasGlomussp. in the form of inoculum (soil as a carrier). Variables observed included soil chemical properties, degree of root infection, vegetative growth, and yield of chili. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (anova) and continued with Tukey’s Honestly Significantly Difference (Tukey’s HSD) test at 5% significancy level. The results showed that the inoculation of mycorrhizae to andisol on low P soils increased soil P availability, degree of root infection, vegetative growth, and red chili production, but high doses hurt chili yields. The inoculation of mycorrhizae doses of 2 kg/m2 in the nursery and 10 g/plant at transplanting can increase red chili production by 13.19% and 15.59%. To see the effectiveness of mycorrhizae more clearly, it is suggested to test mycorrhizae on chili in the dry season and on marginal soils.
Utilization of agricultural waste as hydroponic media for the Deep Flow Technique system and combination of nutrients for shallot plants from seeds
Authors: Saidah  , Andi Nirma W , Damayanti A. , Muchtar  , Amalia Anugerah F. , Padang Irwan S. , Risna  , Nurmasitah  , Dalapati A. , Suwitra IK , Syafruddin  , Boy Ruslan , Tina F , Rahayu Heni SP 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Hydroponics is one of the planting systems without using soil as a medium. This system is developing in urban areas where the availability of land is very limited. Suitable planting media and the availability of nutrients to the needs of plants are important in cultivating plant with hydroponic systems. This study aims to determine the effect of planting media and the combination of AB Mix nutrients on the growth and yield of shallots from seeds in the Deep Flow Technique (DFT) system. The research was conducted in Maku village, Dolo sub-district, Sigi district, Central Sulawesi, from February to May 2021. The research used a Split Plot Design, where the main plot was the planting media and the subplots were the combination of nutrients. The planting media used were rockwool, husk charcoal, and cocopeat. While the nutrients are given vegetable nutrition for three months, fruit nutrition for three months, vegetable nutrition for two months + fruit nutrition for one month, vegetable nutrition for one month + fruit nutrition one month with four replications. The observation components were plant height, number of leaves, number of tubers per clump, tuber weight per clump, tuber weight per seed and tuber diameter. The results showed that the treatment of planting media types and nutrient combinations had different effects on each observation component. The best treatment was husk charcoal media given vegetable nutrition at the age of one month and fruit nutrition at the age of two months.
Nano Biochar Coating Methods of Urea Type to Increase the Growth and Yield of Shallot
Authors: Hariyono  , Isnawan B.H , Mulyono  , Darmawan BE 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Shallots are an agricultural commodity with high economic value and demand in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of nano-biochar coating of several types of urea as nitrogen slow release to increase growth and yield of shallot in coastal sandy land. This research was conducted in the Agricultural Experiment Grenn House of the Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta from March to June 2022. This method was experimental research using a single-factor design arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD); there were six treatments. Each treatment consisted of 6 plant samples with three replications, namely Urea Prill (A), Nano Biochar Coated Urea Prill (B), Urea Granules (C), Nano Biochar Coated Urea Granules (D), Urea Tablet (E), Nano Biochar Coated Urea Tablet (F). The results showed that the nano biochar coconut shell-coated urea prill effectively increases the growth and yield of shallots in coastal sandy land. In the future, nano biochar-coated urea prill can be applied to increase urea effectiveness and shallot yields.
Diversity and Population of Weed Propagule in Two Rice Cropping Systems
Authors: Setiawan A N , Isnawan B H , Febrianita N , Santi I S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Weeds can reduce rice yields by 20-89%, mainly due to competition for nutrients, water, sunlight, and growing space. Weeds that grow in rice fields come from propagules previously in the soil. Seedlings are formed from the previous season, so the cultivation system greatly affects them. This study aims to determine the diversity and population of weed propagules in upland rice and lowland rice. This research was conducted by survey method in Semanu District, Gunungkidul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, by taking soil samples from three plots of upland rice and lowland rice paddy. Soil sampling was conducted four times before tillage, 3, 6, and 9 weeks after planting. The results showed that the diversity of weed propagules in upland rice was higher than in lowland rice fields with more weed propagule species. Annual terrestrial weed propagules dominate in upland rice, while in lowland rice fields, it is dominated by annual aquatic weed propagules. The diversity index of weed propagules in upland rice and rice paddy is included in the medium criteria. The number of species and individual propagule weeds in upland rice is more than in the upland rice fields. The results of this study can be used as a basis for proper weed management so that it does not disturb and harm rice plants.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) response with the Application of Manure and Liquid Organic Fertilizer
Authors: Isnawan B.H. , Aini L.N. , Hanudin E. , Basanti P. V.Z. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Organic fertilizers are necessary for environmentally friendly agriculture. The study aimed to determine rice response to manure and liquid organic fertilizer application ratio. The study was conducted by experimental method with a Complete Randomized Design with five replications. The treatment consists of 6 treatments, namely organic fertilizer, 25% goat manure + 75% commercial liquid organic fertilizer, 50% goat manure + 50% commercial liquid organic fertilizer, 75% goat manure organic + 25% commercial liquid organic fertilizer, 100% goat manure, and 100% manure goats + 100% commercial liquid organic fertilizer. The results showed that plant height during the middle of the vegetative phase treatment of 25% goat manure + 75% commercial liquid organic fertilizer was higher than the treatment of 50% solid organic fertilizer goat manure + 50% commercial liquid organic fertilizer and 100% treatment of goat manure solid organic fertilizer. The root length and volume of treatment 25% goat manure + 75% commercial liquid organic fertilizer is longer and higher than the combined treatment of manure and other liquid organic fertilizers. The grain weight per clump of mixed manure and liquid organic fertilizer treatment is no different. In the future, treatment of 25% goat manure + 75% commercial liquid organic fertilizer can be applied to increase the rice roots.
Growth and response of several shallot varieties to its important diseases in Lembang highlands
Authors: Saadah I R , Korlina E , Waluyo N , Sulastrini I , Gunaeni N , pinilih J , Karjadi A K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Disease attacks on shallots (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) are one of the main constraints on increasing shallot production. Important diseases that often appear in shallots are purple blotch disease (Alternaria porri), leaf blight (Stemphylium vesicarium), and downy mildew (Peronospora destructor). The diversity of existing varieties is wealth as a substitution for seed sources. The aim of this study was to determine the growth and disease resistance of several shallot varieties grown in Lembang highlands. The research was conducted at the Margahayu Experiment Field of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute Lembang, from March to July 2021. The Randomized Block Design (RBD) was used in this study with a treatment consisting of 11 varieties of shallots (Violetta 1 Agrihorti, Violetta 2 Agrihorti, Violetta 3 Agrihorti, Ambassador 1 Agrihorti, Ambassador 2 Agrihorti, Ambassador 3 Agrihorti, Ambassador 4 Agrihorti, Maja Cipanas, Pancasona, Kramat 1, and Sembrani), with 3 replications. The results showed that the growth performance varied between varieties. The Violetta 3 Agrihorti was the highest for plant height, the highest number of tillers was in the Pancasona, and the highest number of leaves was in the Ambassador 3 Agrihorti. Among the eleven shallot varieties tested at high altitudes, none were resistant to the diseases of Alternaria porri, Stemphylium vesicarium, and Peronospora destructor, except for the Pancasona variety which was classified as tolerant (resistance category included in the susceptible category, but has high yield). Meanwhile, for disease resistance, the Violetta 1 Agrihorti is relatively resistant to purple blotch disease, leaf blight, and downy mildew.
Nano-emulsion of three essential oils as the potential eco-friendly control to Phytophthora capsici
Authors: Warman Riki , Manohara Dyah , Noveriza Rita , Pribadi Ekwasita Rini , Melati  
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhytophthora capsiciis a plant pathogenic oomycete that causes significant damage to many crops, including black peppers, chili, cucurbits, and tomatoes. This pathogen is widespread and can survive in soil and plant debris for several years, making it difficult to control. The aim of the research was to observe the effectiveness of three essential oils as nano-emulsion formulas (NS, NC, NE and NA) against the growth ofP. capsiciin vitro and in vivo. In vitro testing was carried out using 2 methods, namely the poison food and volatile disc assay. Testing of active ingredients using the GCMS method and measuring active ingredient particles using the DLS method. In vivo testing was carried out on chili seeds to determine their growth and germination. The result indicated that all nano-emulsions at 0.50% inhibited the growth ofP. capsiciwhich varied between 33,25% to 88,50%. The NC, NS, and NA formula caused complete mycelial growth inhibition at a concentration of 1.0%. Total inhibition of growth also occurred with volatile compounds produced by NS and NA formula. The NC, NS, NE and NA formulas are not phytotoxicity to chili seeds and their germination. Therefore, three essential oils (NC, NS, NE) and the mixture of them (NA) are potential to be used in managingP. capsicias eco-friendly control and possibly as an alternative to synthetic fungicides.
Controlling Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Shallot using Nano Husk Ash
Authors: Hidayat T , Medina EN , Mulyono  , Utama NA 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Beet Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) is a polyphagous defoliator that poses a significant threat to cultivated plants, particularly shallot crops. Its attacks during the vegetative phase cause substantial damage. To control this pest, farmers often resort to synthetic pesticides, leading to negative consequences such as resistance development. To address consequences, internal control measures, like enhancing plant resistance through beneficial nutrients like silica, are crucial. Silica has been known to improve plant resistance against pest attacks. This study aims to investigate the effects of various methods of applying nano-sized rice husk ash fertilizer on the growth and resistance of Biru Lancor cultivar of shallots against S. exigua. Nano-rice husk ash fertilizer with an average particle size of 65,326 nm was produced and applied using three methods: placement, foliar, and seed coating. The results demonstrated that all methods of nano-rice husk ash application increased plant resistance, reducing leaf damage and pest mortality. The foliar application yielded the best results, enhancing plant height and epidermal cell wall thickness. Furthermore, nano-rice husk ash application positively influenced shallot productivity. This study highlights the potential of nano-sized rice husk ash as a sustainable and effective internal control measure against S. exigua, complementing synthetic pesticides for shallot pest management.
Root colonization by vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal in different dosage forms and effect on C3 plants root morphology
Authors: Akib Muh. Akhsan , Syatrawati  , Prayudyaningsih Retno , Kuswinanti Tutik , Syaiful Syatrianti A. , Mustari Kahar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The application of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) in powder dosage form has been used for a long time. However, this dosage form has a non-uniform application dose and allows VAM spores to be lost through wind and rainwater, so innovation is needed in the VAM dosage form. A study aimed at knowing dosage forms of VAM as a biological agent that affects colonization level and C3 plant‘s root morphology was carried out at Screen House Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, University of Muhammadiyah Parepare using a factorial design based on completely randomized design (CRD). Treatment of VAM dosage forms (factor 1) used was powder (A1), sachet (A2), and tablet (A3). While the C3 plant species (factor 2) used were Puraria japonica (B1), Vigna radiata (B2), and Amaranthus gangeticus (B3). Observations were conducted on the percentage of colonized roots and the C3 plants’ root morphology. The results showed that the combined treatment of VAM dosage forms (powder, sachet, and tablets) and C3 plant species (Puraria javanica, Vigna radiata, Amaranthus gangeticus) showed significant effects on colonized roots percentage and C3 plant root morphology. So it can be recommended that VAM dosage forms (sachet and tablet) are efficient and effective for the mobilization and field application of VAM.
Life Cycle and Morphometric Analysis of Yellow Assassin Bug Cosmolestes Pecticeps Stal (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Feed on Elaeidobius Kamerunicus Faust (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Pradana M G , Priwiratama H , Rozziansha T A P , Lestari F C , Nasution U , Asmanizar A , Nurkomar I 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Elaeidobius kamerunicus is an important insect in oil palm ecosystems, as it is the primary pollinator of oil palm flowers. Oil palm is an economically important crop, and its cultivation requires the successful pollination of its flowers to ensure high yields. Without the pollination services of insects such as E. kamerunicus, oil palm production would be significantly reduced. Additionally, E. kamerunicus is known as a food source for the yellow assassin bug Cosmolestes pecticeps. Understanding the interactions between E. kamerunicus and predators such as the yellow assassin bug is crucial for the sustainable management of oil palm ecosystems. This study aims to provide preliminary data on the yellow assassin bug’s life cycle and feeding habits, focusing on its prey, E. kamerunicus, and morphometric analysis. We found that E. kamerunicus is a common prey of the yellow assassin bug, and its feeding habits significantly impact the ecology of its inhabited areas. Our study provides valuable insights which could be useful for future research in the field. Understanding the interactions between the yellow assassin bug and E. kamerunicus in oil palm ecosystems is important to manage and maintain their ecological balance effectively in supporting sustainable agriculture.
Design and Multi-objective Optimization of Vibro-Pneumatic Separator for Paddy Pre-Cleaning using RSM
Authors: Hajad M , Amrullah R H , Dzulkifli M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Development of vibro-pneumatic separator machine considering both machining parameter and characteristic of grain product was presented in this paper in term of multi-objective optimization. Design of separator machine combines both pneumatic part to separate the light impurity contaminant and multilevel vibrating sieve to separate other type of contaminant for pre-cleaning purpose. Machining parameters such as airflow rate, vibration frequency and moisture content are investigated in this paper to analyze its effect on separation efficiency and product losses. The research was based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with 3 continuous factors and 3 levels of each factor. The experiment revealed that airflow rate, vibration frequency and moisture content were found significant on separation efficiency and product losses. It confirmed that the quadratic polynomial model were good at R-squared of 95.97% for the separation efficiency and 96.42% for product losses. Based on the RSM response optimizer, the optimal condition can be achieved using the setup of the airflow rate at 4.3 m/s, the moisture content at 8% and the vibration frequency at 20 m/s. The optimum setup promised the separation efficiency of 89.1% and the product losses of 3.6%. This parameter setup can be used in terms of design purpose and setup the optimum parameter of vibro-pneumatic separator machine that can be used for various grain material pre-cleaning process for a sustainable rice production.
Characteristics of marine organic waste compost using Brunauer-Emmet-Teller, Fourier Transform Infrared, and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray
Authors: Sebayang N U W , Hidayat B , Jamilah  , Sari S P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
On the basis of their composition, organic waste and inorganic waste may be differentiated from marine debris. Microorganisms have the ability to break down organic waste, hence marine organic waste can be bio-converted into compost. The goal of analyzing the properties of compost from marine organic waste was to characterize the organic components with FTIR, identify the surface area, pore diameter, and total pore volume of the compost, and evaluate the microstructure with SEM. The result with BET that marine organic waste compost has a surface area of 22.690 m2/g that has the potential for greater adsorption capacity. FTIR test show that chemical content in marine organic waste compost included 15 types of vibration with different wavenumber and %transmittance. The results of the SEM-EDX test for organic waste compost have that the main components of marine organic waste compost are Carbon, Oxygen, Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicate, Potassium, Calcium and Iron. The morphological structure of the SEM compost 1000x includes the structure of a very dense raw material mixture and herds, with 2500x; 5000x and 10000x cover a granular, porous, and fragmented structure which means that there is more space pore in the compost which is good as an adsorbent.
Flow over a step cylinder using partially-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with application towards dynamic subsea power cables
Authors: Shaukat U , Schnepf A , Giljarhus K E T 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Understanding the flow characteristics of buoyancy sections in power cable and umbilical configurations is crucial for analyzing floating offshore wind turbine systems. Buoyancy sections decouple the motions from the floater and the destination point to ensure the integrity of the system. Using accurate drag coefficients in their design is essential, as they significantly impact the overall behavior of the configuration. Therefore, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis is performed in the present study on a single buoyancy module attached to a power cable represented by a step cylinder configuration. The Partially-Averaged Navier-Stokes (PANS) turbulence model is applied. Its accuracy is validated against experimental findings of a wall-mounted cantilever cylinder and an infinite cylinder. The numerical results reveal that the larger diameter cylinder (LDC) section reduces the drag experienced by the smaller diameter cylinder (SDC) section near the junction. The LDC has a sharp, chamfered, and filleted edge replicating the various shapes of buoyancy modules. The edge design of the LDC affects the drag forces and flow patterns. The SDC has an 8% lower drag coefficient in the fillet edge case than the sharp edge case. The drag coefficient is 3.5% lower for the LDC in the filleted edge case than the sharp edge case. The sharp edge causes a significant separation of the fluid upstream of the SDC. However, this separation is notably reduced when the LDC has a chamfered or filleted edge. Detailed drag coefficients for buoyancy section analysis of power cable configurations have been deduced from the presented results.