bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maturation of escape circuit function during the early adulthood of cockroaches Periplaneta americana
Authors: Libersat Frederic , Leung Vicky , Mizrahi Adi , Mathenia Nick , Comer Christopher 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDuring postembryonic development of insects, sensorimotor pathways, which generate specific behaviors, undergo maturational changes. It is less clear whether such pathways are typically stable, or undergo further maturation, during the adult stage. In the present study, we have examined this issue by multilevel analysis of a simple model system, the escape behavior of the cockroach, from identified synapses to behavior. We show that the escape system is highly responsive immediately after the molt to adulthood, but that the latency of escape responses was not at its typical value immediately after the molt to adult. The latency of escape behavior increased over the first 30 days of adult life, perhaps indicating maturational adjustments of the escape sensorimotor pathway. The first station in the escape circuitry is the synaptic connections between the cercal wind receptors and the giant interneurons. We measured unitary excitatory synaptic potentials between single sensory neurons and an identified giant interneuron (GI2). We found a decrease in the synaptic strength between identified cercal hairs from a single column and GI2 over the first month after the adult molt. Consequently, the latency and the number of action potentials of GI2 in response to natural stimuli increased and decreased respectively during this time. Thus, we show that both behavioral performance and the wind sensitivity of GI2 decreased over the first month after molt. We conclude that the cockroach escape system undergoes further sensorimotor maturation over a period of 1 month, and that cellular changes correlate with, or predict, some changes in behavioral performance. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
A Galerkin formulation for shear deformable plate bending dynamics
Authors: Pérez‐Gavilán J. J. , Aliabadi M. H. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA Galerkin boundary element formulation for shear deformable plate bending dynamics is developed. The formulation makes use of the static fundamental solutions for the weighted residual integral equations. The domain integrals carrying the inertia terms and generic static loads are considered as body forces and approximated with boundary values using the dual reciprocity method. The load is modelled as a series of impact loads of time varying intensity and moving in space in a predetermined path. The formulation was implemented and tested solving a benchmark problem. The results are compared with finite element solutions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of two new classifications for pediatric myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disorders
Authors: Occhipinti Elise , Correa Hernan , Yu Lolie , Craver Randall 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe category, cytology, cytogenetics (CCC) system for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and the pediatric WHO system for MDS/myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) have recently been proposed to characterize these diseases in pediatrics.ObjectiveWe compare the CCC and pediatric WHO systems against each other and against the French, American, British (FAB) and adult WHO classifications in order to determine which more accurately classifies these diseases and predicts outcome.MethodsAn 18‐year retrospective review identified patients less than 18 years of age meeting CCC and/or pediatric WHO criteria for the diagnosis of MDS or MPD. Resolution, stability, progression, and death in the subcategories of each system were compared.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients were included in the study. Pediatric WHO: 17 patients met criteria, 10 died. Eight developed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) (seven died), one juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) (died), one chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) (currently in relapse), two died of complications, two responded to BMT, three have stable disease, one resolved. Eleven patients were not classifiable by the pediatric WHO system, one of which progressed to AML and died. CCC: 26 patients met criteria, 9 died. Nine developed AML (8 died), 1 died of complications, 10 responded to treatment (BMT and/or chemotherapy). Four are stable without treatment, two resolved. Two patients with MPD were not classifiable by the CCC system.ConclusionsBoth the pediatric WHO and CCC systems are better able to classify MDS in children than the adult WHO and FAB classifications. The pediatric WHO system is more exclusive. Children meeting these criteria are more likely to progress to AML or death. The restrictive nature of the pediatric WHO system was unable to classify one case of fatal MDS. The CCC system is more inclusive and can stratify patients into a neutral or poor prognosis based upon outcome. However, the CCC system ignores those diseases with a myeloprolifferative component. This resulted in two cases of MPD that were unclassifiable by the CCC system. One of these patients died, the other is currently in relapse. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oral mucosa spectrophotometric changes in healthy parents of patients with Down syndrome
Authors: Latini Giuseppe , Felice Claudio De , Parrini Stefano , Chitano G. , Verrotti Alberto 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjectiveDown syndrome (DS) is one of the most frequent causes of mental retardation. To date, no phenotypical markers in the parents of DS offspring are known. Here, we tested the value of oral mucosal reflectance spectrophotometry in identifying unaffected parents of DS patients (free trisomy 21).MethodsOral mucosal reflectance spectrophotometry has been evaluated in 28 parents of DS patients and in 28 gender‐ and age‐matched controls.ResultsDS parents showed a significantly lower light reflectance in the red section of the spectrum than control subjects (610–700‐nm range; P < 0.0001). No significant differences between DS mothers and DS fathers were observed (P ≥ 0.85).ConclusionThese findings indicate the presence of a previously unrecognized mucosal reflectance abnormality of the oral mucosa of unaffected parents of DS patients, thus offering a new noninvasive phenotypical marker for this condition. Our observation suggests a new tool for screening subjects at high risk for DS offspring. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 3 mosaicism
Authors: Zaslav Ann‐Leslie , Pierno Guy , Davis Jessica , Fougner Arthur , Jacob Jessy , Kazi Rehana , Blumenthal Donna , Sturim Sandra , Shaham Meira , Fox Joyce 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjectivesTo present the clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular cytogenetic findings of prenatally diagnosed trisomy 3 mosaicism.Case and MethodsTrisomy 3 mosaicism is rare, and only two cases of prenatally diagnosed trisomy 3 mosaicism have been reported. Amniocentesis, performed for AMA, revealed a karyotype of 47,XX, + 3[8]/46,XX[27]. Periumbilical blood sampling (PUBS) showed 46,XX in 100 cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using an alpha satellite chromosome 3 probe confirmed the cytogenetic findings. A repeat amniocentesis confirmed mosaicism for trisomy 3 (47,XX, + 3[1]/46,XX[18]). The infant was delivered by elective C‐section because of the presence of IUGR and oligohydramnios. The baby had normal physical findings at birth except for symmetric IUGR, apparently resulting from the placental trisomic cell lines. At delivery, chromosome analysis of 50 cells each from blood, placenta, and umbilical cord revealed 46,XX in all cells. FISH analysis of amniotic fluid cells (54 nuclei), peripheral blood (50 nuclei), umbilical cord fibroblasts (57 nuclei), and placental tissue (52 nuclei) demonstrated two signals in 200 nuclei (i.e., 46,XX) and three signals in 13 nuclei (i.e., 47,XX, + 3). At 11 months of age, the baby was progressing normally.ConclusionA diagnosis of trisomy 3 mosaicism is problematic for patients and clinicians. This is only the third case of trisomy 3 mosaicism identified at amniocentesis. Ultrasound, PUBS, and evaluation of placental tissues and postnatal peripheral blood, were useful in providing information regarding the fetal involvement of trisomy 3. Additional cases of prenatally diagnosed mosaicism for rare trisomies are necessary to more accurately assess the significance of these findings. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risks of herbal medicinal products
Authors: Ernst E. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPurposeHerbal medicinal products (HMPs) are again highly popular. Their current popularity renders the assessment of their safety an urgent necessity.MethodNarrative review using examples only.ResultsConstituents of HMPs can be toxic and numerous examples of liver, kidney or other organ damage are on record. All HMPs contain a range of pharmacologically active constituents, and users of HMPs often combine HMPs with prescribed drugs. Thus herb–drug interactions are a real possibility. In most countries, HMPs are not submitted to stringent regulation and control. Thus unreliable quality can be a problem. In particular, this poses a risk when HMPs are contaminated (e.g. with heavy metals) or adulterated (e.g. with prescription drugs). The medical literature holds numerous examples for all of these scenarios and some are used in this article to illustrate the above points. As this area is grossly under‐researched, it is rarely possible to define the size of the problem.ConclusionsIt is concluded that the widespread notion of HMPs being inherently safe is naïve at best and dangerous at worst. More research is required to minimise the risk HMPs may pose to consumers' health. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study on crystalline residual stress of the iPP surface layer in Al/iPP/Al under the influence of microwave irradiation
Authors: Zhang Ai‐Min , He Qi‐Jia , Guo Ling‐Hong 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe residual stress of the iPP surface layer in Al/iPP/Al under the influence of microwave irradiation was investigated by thin film (TF)‐X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Depending on the irradiation time, we calculated the macro residual stress, micro stress, and lattice static distortion stress. The results show that the macroscopic residual tensile stress of irradiated iPP samples dropped from about 12 MPa to 4 MPa. D(300) (the β crystal phase) becomes larger from about 4 to 10 nm as the irradiation time increased, and the β‐form iPP becomes more perfect. However, for theα‐form phase, D(110) remains almost stable. Moreover, the microscopic distortion coefficient ε(300) that decreases from approximately 0.03 to 0.018, becomes smaller than ε(110) parallel to the irradiation time, so the microscopic stress of the β‐crystal is decreased. In addition, the lattice static distortion energy of the α‐form greatly increases from 2 to 6 MPa, but the lattice static distortion energy of the β‐crystals remains constant at about 1.5 MPa and is much smaller than that of the α‐crystals at the same irradiation time. These calculated results are in good agreement with that of the crystallinity and order parameter of the β‐crystals of the TF‐XRD. The lattice distortion energy is a major portion of the plastic deformation, therefore, it suggests that the lattice static distortion energy is the main cause of α → β crystalline transformation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 3759–3765, 2004
Neutron crystal structure analysis of polyethylene‐d4: The application of a neutron imaging plate
Authors: Takahashi Yasuhiro , Kumano Takeshi 
Published: September 2004

AbstractNeutron diffraction provides a more detailed structure than X‐ray diffraction. In this study, a neutron crystal structure analysis of polyethylene‐d4 was carried out with a neutron imaging plate. This was the first crystal analysis of the crystalline polymer with the neutron fiber pattern. The procedure was almost the same as that in a previous work, in which the neutron structure analysis was carried out on the basis of the equatorial reflections. The azimuthal angle of the molecule with respect to the a axis was estimated to be 46.3°. This corresponded well to the value of 45° estimated in the previous work within the accuracy of the standard deviations. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 3836–3839, 2004
Real‐time whole‐body imaging of an orthotopic metastatic prostate cancer model expressing red fluorescent protein
Authors: Yang Meng , Jiang Ping , Yamamoto Norio , Li Lingna , Geller Jack , Moossa A. R. , Hoffman Robert M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBackgroundWe describe here, a whole‐body imageable spontaneous metastatic model of human prostate cancer developed by surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) and visualized by red fluorescent protein (RFP) expression.MethodsHuman prostate cancer PC‐3 cells were transduced with the pLNCX2‐DsRed‐2‐RFP retroviral vector containing the RFP and neomycin‐resistance genes. A stable RFP‐expressing PC‐3 clone was selected in 800 μg/ml G418 in vitro and injected subcutaneously in nude mice. Stable high‐level expression of RFP was maintained in the subcutaneously‐growing tumors. To utilize RFP expression for metastasis studies, fragments of the subcutaneously‐growing tumor, which were comprised of RFP‐expressing cells, were implanted by SOI in the prostate of nude mice.ResultsPrimary tumor growth, progression, and subsequent lymphatic metastases were visualized in live, intact animals in real time by whole‐body RFP fluorescence imaging. In total, 100% of the experimental animals developed lymphatic metastasis, the growth of which was monitored in real time by whole‐body imaging. The aggressive lymphatic metastasis in this model reflects one of the major metastatic routes of prostate cancer in human patients. Intravital RFP imaging visualized single cancer cells in the lung and bladder. Open RFP imaging at autopsy visualized extensive primary growth and highly disseminated lymph‐node metastases.ConclusionsThe long‐wavelength emission of RFP enabled high sensitivity and resolution of microscopic tumor growth using appropriate imaging techniques. The model should be useful for the real‐time evaluation of novel therapeutics for metastatic prostate cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficiency enhancement of InGaN/GaN light‐emitting diodes utilizing island‐like GaN substrate
Authors: Hsu J. T. , Tsay J. D. , Guo Y. D. , Chuo C. C. , Pan S. M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis study develops a novel way to fabricate GaN LED (light emitting diode) chips with special shape to improve the optical output power. The thick and shaped GaN islands were first prepared on c‐axis sapphire substrate by lithography and selective growth of Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy (HVPE). The shaped GaN LED chips were then fabricated from each GaN island. The output power from shaped LED chip is measured about 2 times of that from normal cubic chip. It indicates that the island‐like GaN substarte will be useful in the manufacture of high efficient GaN‐based LEDs. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantitative evaluation of the atomic structure of defects and composition fluctuations at the nanometer scale inside InGaN/GaN heterostructures
Authors: Ruterana P. , Singh P. , Kret S. , Jurczak G. , Maciejewski G. , Dluzewski P. , Cho H. K. , Choi R. J. , Lee H. J. , Suh E. K. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractInvestigation is carried out by high‐resolution electron microscopy on threading dislocations using data treatments with procedures that allow the extraction of the most likely atomic configurations. We also report In composition fluctuations inside InGaN/GaN quantum wells by coupling HRTEM, image simulation and Finite Element Modelling (FEM) of the thin foil relaxation. The results show that the indium content may be close to x = 1.0 in the clusters and this is much higher that was previously suggested by 2D FEM modelling. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optically pumped lasing and gain formation properties in blue Inx Ga1–x N MQWs
Authors: Kojima K. , Shikanai A. , Omae K. , Funato M. , Kawakami Y. , Narukawa Y. , Mukai T. , Fujita Sg. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractLasing and gain formation properties have been studied in an InxGaN1–x multiple quantum wells lasing at around 460 nm by employing the modified variable stripe length method (VSLM) and pump and probe spectroscopy (P&P). It was found that the spontaneous emission (Esp) appeared far below absorption edge (Ea) that is observed as a photo‐bleaching negative‐peak in P&P, indicating the formation of localized tail states. Lasing peaks appeared in between Esp and Ea with wide spectral distribution. This is consistent with the results where VSLM revealed the broad feature of optical gain spectra associated with rapid peak saturation of lasing even just above the threshold photo‐pumping power density. Such mechanism observed in In‐rich InxGa1–xN MQWs is contributed not only from the broad distribution of localized density‐of‐states but also from hot carrier distribution (determined by Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics), temperature of which is raised up due to long energy relaxation time to localized tail states. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and properties of In‐rich InGaN films grown on (0001) sapphire by RF‐MBE
Authors: Kurouchi M. , Araki T. , Naoi H. , Yamaguchi T. , Suzuki A. , Nanishi Y. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe have performed detailed investigations of the optical properties of strain‐free In‐rich InxGa1–xN (0.61 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) films that were grown directly on (0001) sapphire substrates by radio‐frequency plasma‐excited molecular beam epitaxy. In‐composition dependence of photoluminescence peak energy for the InxGa1–xN films, measured at room temperature, exhibited a monotonic and smooth decrease with the increase in the In‐composition, approaching to 0.66 eV of a strain‐free InN film that was also grown directly on the sapphire substrate. The energy bowing parameter, b was determined to be 1.8 eV using these strain‐free InxGa1–xN films. Structural properties of these films are also investigated in detail. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Zur Komposition von Raumfachwerken von Föppl bis Mengeringhausen
Authors: Kurrer Karl‐Eugen 
Published: September 2004

Abstract“Architektur ist gefrorene Musik”. Trifft dieses einschlägig oft zitierte Wort des Philosophen Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860) auch für Bauwerke des Konstruktiven Ingenieurs zu, dann kann sein Tragwerksentwurf als strukturale Komposition begriffen werden. Dies wird im folgenden begrifflich präzisiert und am Beispiel der historischen Entwicklung der Raumfachwerke aufgezeigt.
Zum Betriebsfestigkeitsnachweis für Gewindestangen
Authors: Schmaußer Gerhard , Nölke Heinz 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDie Betriebsfestigkeit von Gewindestangen hängt von zahlreichen Parametern ab. Eine bisher wenig bekannte Berechnungsmöglichkeit wird vorgeschlagen, die realistischere und detailliertere Aussagen liefert, als es auf Grund bisher üblicher vereinfachender Annahmen möglich ist.
Neue Regelwerke für Flachbodentanks
Authors: Bußhaus Ludger 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMit dem Abschluß der Richtlinie Flachbodentanks als Verbände‐Vereinbarung zwischen dem VdTÜV und dem FDBR und mit den beiden europäischen Normen prEN 14015 und prEN 1993‐4‐2 liegen drei neue Vorschriften für Flachbodentanks vor. Nachstehend werden diese zusammen mit der bisherigen Norm DIN 4119 in Verbindung mit der zugehörigen Anpassungsrichtlinie einander gegenübergestellt und bewertet.
Blends of Maltodextrin and Other Polysaccharides as Binders of Aqueous α‐Alumina Suspensions for Ceramic Processing
Authors: Sikora Marek , Garcia Victor J. , Schilling Christopher H. , Tomasik Piotr , Li Chuanping 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe aim of the study was to find and investigate some blends of polysaccharides, that could be used as binders and plasticizers in the basic conditions of aqueous alumina suspensions. Aqueous suspensions containing 45% (v/v) α‐alumina and maltodextrin combined with small quantities of other polysaccharides (totally 5 g polysaccharides per 100 g of alumina) were thermally gelled, and their properties characterized by rheological techniques. Gelling formation was found in the systems maltodextrin‐agar, maltodextrin‐agar‐locust bean gum, maltodextrin‐xanthan gum‐locust bean gum, maltodextrin‐xanthan gum and maltodextrin‐carrageenan. The use of maltodextrin was necessary for liquefying the dense aqueous alumina slurries.
Toxicity of the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii to Daphnia magna
Authors: Nogueira Isabel C. G. , Saker Martin L. , Pflugmacher Stephan , Wiegand Claudia , Vasconcelos Vítor M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe effect of two strains of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii on the survivorship, somatic growth, and detoxification processes of juvenile Daphnia magna were investigated. Both strains of C. raciborskii (and also Ankistrodesmus falcatus, used as the control) were given to newborn D. magna at equivalent biovolumes. The survival curves for D. magna subjected to the two C. raciborskii treatments differed from those of the starved and fed treatments. After 48 h of exposure, the percentage of D. magna surviving after exposure to Cylin‐A (a cylindrospermopsin‐producing strain isolated from Australia) and Cylin‐P (a non‐cylindrospermopsin‐producing strain isolated from Portugal) was 10.00% and 93.33%, respectively. The strain that produces cylindrospermopsin caused the greatest toxic effect in juvenile D. magna. Statistically significant differences in D. magna body size between the four treatments (Cylin‐A, Cylin‐P, A. falcatus, and starved) were detected after 48 h of exposure. The juvenile D. magna that received the two C. raciborskii treatments showed an increase in size (relative to their size at T0) of 2.54% and 38.14%, respectively. These values were statistically significantly different than those of the A. falcatus–fed control (55.54%) and the starved control (11.47%). In both C. raciborskii treatments there was a tendency for increased GST enzyme activities after 24 h of exposure. Cylindrospermopsin was detected (HPLC‐MS/MS) in D. magna tissues after 24 and 48 h (0.025 and 0.02 ng animal−1, respectively). The results of this study indicate that C. raciborskii can affect the fitness and growth potential of juvenile D. magna. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 19: 453–459, 2004.