bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Crime On The Casino Floor: Implications of Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: LaSalle Gerard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Americans love to gamble, so concluded a congressionally funded national task force in 1998, studying the impact of gambling in the United States (National Gambling Impact Study Commission Report, 1999). All but two states (Utah and Hawaii) have some form of legalized wagering. Advocates look to gambling as an economic elixir for communities; opponents counter that these benefits exact punishing social costs, including an increase in crime. Numerous studies have examined the casino-crime relationship and have produced mixed results. Some studies have confirmed that casinos have no direct effect on serious crime (Albanese, 1985, 1999), whereas others have either reached opposite conclusions (Grinols, Mustard, Dilley, 1999; Hakim, Buck, 1989; Friedman, Hakim,, Weinblatt, 1989) or reflected that certain crimes rose while others decreased (Giacopassi, Stitt, 1993).
Strengthening Practice Through Results Management
Authors: Orthner Dennis K , Bowen Gary L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Evidence-based practice (EBP) does not operate in a vacuum. Typically, intervention practice models are built and sustained in an organizational or agency context. EBP is more likely to occur if the organization and its leadership are open to acquiring and using new information to improve agency practice. On the other hand, if the organization is not used to basing program decisions on empirical data, it will be much more difficult to use gathered evidence to plan programs or to optimize the delivery of client services.
Establishing Benchmark Programs Within Addictions Treatment
Authors: Hunsicker Ronald J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For over 50 years, the providers of addiction treatment have intermittently struggled with claiming their birthright as a legitimate provider of health care in the larger arena of health care providers and seeing themselves as outside or alongside the mainstream providers of health care. Although this vacillation between being in or being out has significant implications in a variety of areas, none can be more pronounced than the impact this has had on embracing the tools and practices adopted by other health care providers.
Establishment Of Quality Programming
Authors: Hartnett Helen P , Kapp Stephen A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Historically, there has always been an extensive gap between practice and research. This is particularly true in organizational practice and administrative practice, where possible explanations range from the differences in methods to alternative sets of priorities: an emphasis on doing business as usual versus an emphasis on rigor and technique, or an emphasis on accountability versus evaluation and information utility. These priorities may exacerbate a difference between organizational roles and methods for evaluating, planning for, and maintaining programs. The gap between research and practice at the organizational level has the potential to maintain programs that operate on the basis of the status quo, either due to funding priorities or for the purpose of organizational survival. Ultimately, the welfare of people being served may not be at the forefront.
Establishment And Utilization Of Balanced Scorecards
Authors: Yeager Kenneth R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Whereas most for-profit organizations have adopted the use of strategic planning and balanced scorecards to achieve a competitive advantage in the marketplace, health care organizations have used strategic planning since the 1970s to help them meet the health needs of communities. This process has evolved over the past decade into a well-recognized and utilized management tool in health care organizations. The purpose of this chapter is to outline the strategic planning process, using a balanced scorecard to assist agencies and organizations in adapting to the everchallenging and changing health care environment (Zuckerman, 2003). Despite the relatively simplistic approach presented in this chapter, it should be noted that some have experienced difficulty in applying this tool to centralized systems, which are frequently driven by multiple missions, have multiple practice applications, and sometimes exist in environments with multiple and competing political and programmatic goals (Chesley, Wenger, 1999).
From World War To Magic Bullets To Mass Strategy
Authors: Callahan Christopher M , Berrios German E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thus far, we have presented evidence that most people who seek medical care for emotional disorders turn to primary-care physicians rather than to psychiatrists. We also presented evidence that society, cultural values, and the design of health- care systems influence how and when people decide to seek care for emotional disorders and how doctors treat patients with emotional disorders. Primary-care doctors and patients have changed much less than our labels and treatments for depression would suggest, and there has been little change in the rate at which people seek care for emotional disorders. This chapter serves as a bridge from the story of primary care to the story of psychiatry. Before turning to the history of how psychiatrists treat severe mental illness in Chapter 7, this chapter describes the major changes in how generalists treat medical diseases.
Synesthesia in Perspective
Authors: Sagiv Noam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The term synesthesia (Greek; syn = together, aesthesia = sensation) has been used to describe a wide variety of phenomena. Most commonly, it is used to denote a condition in which stimulation in one sensory modality also gives rise to an experience in a different modality. However, conditions involving different qualities within one modality (e.g., when the sight of letter shapes evokes color) are labeled synesthesia as well. Phenomena of this sort have also been reported in patients with eye disease, brain damage, and migraines (e.g., Armel & Ramachandran, 1999; Jacobs, Karpik, Bozian & Gothgen, 1981; Podoll & Robinson, 2002). Similar experiences have been reported in healthy individuals using mescaline and LSD (e.g., Hartman & Hollister, 1963) or drinking psychoactive brews such as Ayahuasca (Shanon, 2002). Divine intervention has also been invoked as a possible trigger of synesthesia.
Some Demographic and Socio-cultural Aspects of Synesthesia
Authors: Day Sean 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To me, the taste of beef is dark blue. The smell of almonds is pale orange. And when tenor saxophones play, the musiclooks like a floating, suspended coiling snake-ball of lit-up purple neon tubes. I am a synesthete, and I study synesthesia. Synesthesia is not a disease, nor is it a in most cases. So, from a synesthete’s point of view, why would the study of synesthesia be important? In this chapter, I address this question from both my own experience and from what I have learned from communicating with well over 800 other synesthetes, over the course of more than 25 years, via e-mail, telephone, handwritten letters, and face-to-face conversations.
Synesthesia and the Binding Problem
Authors: Sagiv Noam , Robertson Lynn C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For a synesthete, certain stimuli or the thought of certain concepts may be accompanied by perceptual qualities not normally experienced by most people (e.g., Cytowic, 1997). For some synesthetes, letter shapes may induce a color (e.g., A is red, B is blue); others may experience gustatory qualities when hearing words (“Jeremy” tastes like , or see moving colored shapes when listening to music (e.g., Sibelius’s “Valse Triste” may evoke the sight of slowly drifting pink dots). These correspondences are consistent across time and idiosyncratic, though some trends have been observed (e.g., Day, this volume; Shanon, 1982; Ward, Simner, & Auyeung, in press).
Synesthesia: A Window on the Hard Problem of Consciousness
Authors: Gray Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After millennia of philosophical speculation, the problem of consciousness has entered the experimental laboratory. Though this development is of recent date (just a few decades or so), it is now rapidly gathering speed. The fundamental assumption underlying it—that empirical research has a good chance of resolving the issues that have not yielded to philosophical argument—is open to question. But, if one does accept this assumption (as I do), then progress may have a profound impact on our understanding of human nature, of the place of human experience in the universe, and conceptions of core religious and spiritual issues such as the existence or nature of the soul, the possibility of a nonmaterial afterlife, or the nature of meditative experience. Fortunately, the methods of natural science do not depend on the beliefs held by individual scientists concerning these (or other) issues. One may therefore put such beliefs aside and use standard approaches to see what they can deliver on even this terrain.
Synesthesia: Implications for Attention, Binding, and Consciousness—A Commentary
Authors: Treisman Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Synesthesia invites us to imagine a world of experience different from that in which most of us live. It fascinates us because it offers a case where qualia—those essentially private, subjective experiences— can be shown to differ substantially between individuals, or at least to differ in the conditions in which they arise. Despite the strangeness, it seems fairly easy to imagine synesthesia without directly experiencing it, because it usually involves a familiar set of sensations. The strangeness (for most people) is in the context that elicits them. By far the most common form generates illusory colors from spoken or written words or characters, but a variety of other pairings can also occur. Researchers have looked for possible functional accounts of the origin of synesthesia and speculated about its developmental history.
Trumpet Technique
Authors: Campos Frank Gabriel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the last forty years, many elite performers in the arts have gleaned valuable lessons and techniques from research and advances in sport science, psychomotor research, learning theory, and psychology. Numerous “peak performance” books have made these tools and insights available to athletes. Now, professor and performer Frank Gabriel Campos has translated this concept for trumpet players and other brass and wind instrumentalists, creating an accessible and comprehensive guide to performance skill. Trumpet Technique combines the newest research on skill acquisition and peak performance with the time-honored and proven techniques of master teachers and performers. All aspects of brass technique are discussed in detail, including the breath, embouchure, oral cavity, tongue, jaw, and proper body use, as well as information on performance psychology, practice techniques, musicians’ occupational injuries, and much more. Comprehensive and detailed, Trumpet Technique is an invaluable resource for performers, teachers, and students at all levels seeking to move to the highest level of skill with their instrument.
The Oral Cavity, Tongue, and Jaw
Authors: Campos Frank Gabriel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“In the past,” said John James Haynie, renowned trumpet pedagogue at the University of North Texas, “brass teachers had two basic methods of di-agnosing student problems — they could listen to a student play and they could watch a student play” (Weeks 1968, 7). Brass teachers have always had questions about what happens inside the player’s mouth during performance, and during the early 1960s Haynie took steps to answer those questions using the newest technology.
“Dark and Menacing Evils”
Authors: Ferling John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Understanding that Washington feasted on acclaim, Hamilton advised that the general would expose his reputation to greater hazard by refusing to serve. To spurn his countrymen’s entreaties, Hamilton warned, was to risk arousing a sense that he had deserted them. Soon after he received Hamilton’s missive, Washington consented to serve. In February 1789 every member of the electoral college cast one of his votes for Washington, making him their unanimous choice to be the first president of the United States. Adams, who received the second greatest number of votes, though not a majority, was elected vice president. Several weeks after he was sworn in, Washington named Hamilton his secretary of the Treasury.
“The Boisterous Sea of Liberty”
Authors: Ferling John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Campaigning in 1796 had not begun until Washington announced his intention to retire, about a hundred days before election day. Things were different in the election of 1800. “Electioneering is already begun” in the capital, Abigail Adams noted in November 1799, thirteen months before election day. Indeed, around this time Pennsylvania’s senator James Ross introduced legislation to create a “Grand Committee”—it was to consist of the chief justice of the United States and five members of Congress—to adjudicate any disputes in the election of the president. As the chief justice was a staunch Federalist, and as that party controlled both houses of Congress, Ross’ bill seemed to many to be an attempt by the Federalists to steal the election. The bill went nowhere, but its introduction and the Republican response to it—one who was close to Jefferson labeled it a “deadly blow . . . aimed at us”—was a signal that the presidential contest was under way.
Epilogue
Authors: Ferling John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the two weeks that followed his inauguration, Jefferson behaved like a person who had been called on suddenly to speak but later regretted not having said things a bit differently. Or perhaps he simply wished to broach ideas that he had thought were better left unsaid in his conciliatory Address. While still residing at Conrad and McMunn’s—he remained there during the first fifteen days of his presidency, while work continued on the President’s House—Jefferson wrote to many of the surviving signers of the Declaration of Independence, and to Thomas Paine, who had been the first to publicly broach the idea of independence, to expand on several themes.
Connecting Health Promotion Principles To Mental Health Policies and Programs
Authors: Vandiver Vikki L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is important for any mental health stakeholder to understand how health promotion principles guide the development of mental health policy. This chapter provides the foundation to understand how health promotion principles drive mental health policies, which, in turn, create the programs for mental health clients, families, and the community. Our chapter begins with defining terms such as principles, policies, and programs, followed by a review of nine health promotion policies that reflect individual and community change. Next, there is a discussion of how the different types of policies—from intentional to judicial—influence mental health services and then provide a historical review of key health promotion and mental health policies for the last 200 years. The remainder of the chapter explores international health promotion policy models and reviews five core advocacy strategies describing how to integrate health promotion policies into mental health programs. The chapter concludes with a summary of a focus group discussion held by consumers and family members who responded to the following question: “If you could design a community-based mental health system with all the right services, what would it look like?”
Moving Health Promotion Forward: Culturally Competent Leadership, Strategic Planning, and Organizational Readiness
Authors: Vandiver Vikki L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If the field of health promotion and its accompanying philosophy, principles, and practice strategies is to move forward and be fully integrated into mainstream mental health organizations and practice, it ‘s going to take a lot more that simply convincing students, academics, and providers of its merits—as I hope this book has done so far. It will require a fundamental shift in the way mental health organizations provide leadership, develop strategic plans, and plan for organizational change. Toward that end, this final chapter reviews some of the key ingredients necessary for moving health promotion forward into the field of mental health practice. As Chapter 1 emphasizes, there are a variety of stakeholders (e.g., consumers, family members, providers, agency administrators, and policy makers) who have an interest in mental health system reform. This chapter is written with that audience in mind. So whether you are currently in an administrative or leadership role, thinking about being in an administrative or leadership role, or simply want to be a part of an informed change process, this chapter is for you.
An Ethical Framework for Biomedical Research
Authors: et.al. Ezekiel J Emanuel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the last 60 years or so, there has been myriad guidance on the ethical conduct of research with humans (see Table 11.1). Despite the profusion, the extant guidance seems flawed in several respects. First, most guidance was “born in scandal”14 That is, the guidelines or reports were a response to a specific controversy, and therefore tend to focus on what was perceived to be the transgression of that scandal. The Nuremberg Code directly addressed the atrocities of the Nazi physicians;2 the Belmont Report was a response to the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and other scandals; and the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments responded to covert radiation experiments during the Cold War and therefore emphasized deception. Second, regulatory guidance tends not to examine the overall ethics of research but to have a specific practical purpose. For instance, the International Conference on Harmonisation has the purpose of creating common rules across developed countries for the “registration of pharmaceuticals for human use” The aim is more to enhance the efficiency of drug approval than to protect research participants, for which it defers to the Declaration of Helsinki.3 In general, these regulatory guidelines emphasize the procedural safeguards of informed consent and independent review by an institutional review board or research ethics committee because these leave “paper trails” that can subsequently be audited.
International Ethical Guidance From the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences
Authors: Idänpään-Heikkilä Juhana E , Fluss Sev S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) was formally constituted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1949, and it still remains under the aegis of these two specialized UN agencies. Today, CIOMS has more than 70 international and national members, representing a significant proportion of the world’s biomedical scientific community. Much of its work in the field of bioethics has been undertaken in close cooperation with WHO. In particular, its 1982 Proposed International Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects—its first effort to generate guidance in this field—was the outcome of a joint project between CIOMS and WHO. The purpose of these proposed guidelines was to indicate how the ethical principles that were set forth in the 1975 version of the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki could be effectively applied, particularly in developing countries, given their socioeconomic circumstances, laws and regulations, and executive and administrative arrangements.
Equipoise and Randomization
Authors: Joffe Steven , Truog Robert D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most observers believe that randomized controlled trials (RCTs) offer the highest standard of evidence about the safety and efficacy of proposed new treatments. When a new therapy’s benefits are dramatic, nonrandomized studies may suffice to show its advantages. However, therapeutic advances more often involve small to moderate incremental benefits. Such benefits may be of substantial public health importance, particularly for common conditions. Without the ability to conduct RCTs, efforts to evaluate such benefits are fraught with potential for error.
Epidemiology Observational Studies on Human Populations
Authors: Weed Douglas L , McKeown Robert E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Everyone wants to be an epidemiologist,” declared the former chair of epidemiology at Harvard University. This rather bold claim, part of a plenary speech at a recent international meeting of epidemiologists, may come as a surprise to those who, quite happy with their current vocation, had never considered epidemiology a career option. The underlying premise of this distinguished cancer epidemiologist’s message was that epidemiologic studies are increasingly at the center of nearly every public discussion of health and medicine. AIDS, SARS, avian flu, Agent Orange, Gulf War syndrome, the safety of silicone breast implants, and the value of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are only a few examples of recent issues with epidemiologic studies at the center of the controversy. Add to this list the usual culprits responsible for most of the death and suffering of any community—heart disease, cancer, diabetes, injuries, accidents (now called unintentional injuries, as opposed to intentional injuries), conditions related to aging, and infectious diseases—and epidemiology’s special relevance to public health becomes clearer.
Surgical Innovation and Research
Authors: Gillett Grant R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Surgery, like all crafts, evolves to build on its successes and make use of changing materials and techniques. It is a craft in which physical or invasive methods are used to try to relieve a patient’s suffering, and therefore the surgeon needs a certain confidence and assurance in his or her ability to do what needs to be done without the cure causing worse havoc than the disease. There are four quite different situations in which innovative surgery is used on real patients, who thereby become de facto subjects of medical experimentation even though no formal clinical trial might be in progress.
Research With Children
Authors: Fleischman Alan R , Collogan Lauren K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the developed world, biomedical and public health research during the 20th century resulted in dramatic changes in maternal and infant mortality rates, the near eradication of infectious causes of death in childhood, and the conquering of many serious diseases affecting children. The development of vaccines to prevent diphtheria, polio, and measles; pharmacologic treatment regimens to change leukemia, other cancers, and human acquired immunodeficiency disease from uniformly fatal to chronic or even curable diseases; and the application of technology and molecular biology to the treatment of the consequences of profound prematurity are a few examples of the successes of scientific progress combined with clinical research involving children.
Empirical Issues in Informed Consent for Research
Authors: Flory James H , Wendler David , Emanuel Ezekiel J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In theory and practice, informed consent is considered a requirement of ethical clinical research. Since the late 19th century it has been a recognized ethical goal that people not only decide freely whether to participate in clinical research, but decide with an understanding of the relevant facts. This requirement helps to protect the autonomy of research participants and avert serious research abuses.