bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutual influence of non‐covalent interactions formed by imidazole: A systematic quantum‐chemical study
Authors: Shitov Daniil A. , Krutin Danil V. , Tupikina Elena Yu. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImidazole is a five‐membered heterocycle that is part of a number of biologically important molecules such as the amino acid histidine and the hormone histamine. Imidazole has a unique ability to participate in a variety of non‐covalent interactions involving the NH group, the pyridine‐like nitrogen atom or the π‐system. For many biologically active compounds containing the imidazole moiety, its participation in formation of hydrogen bond NH⋯O/N and following proton transfer is the key step of mechanism of their action. In this work a systematic study of the mutual influence of various paired combinations of non‐covalent interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonds and π‐interactions) involving the imidazole moiety was performed by means of quantum chemistry (PW6B95‐GD3/def2‐QZVPD) for a series of model systems constructed based on analysis of available x‐ray data. It is shown that for considered complexes formation of additional non‐covalent interactions can only enhance the proton‐donating ability of imidazole. At the same time, its proton‐accepting ability can be both enhanced and weakened, depending on what additional interactions are added to a given system. The mutual influence of non‐covalent interactions involving imidazole can be classified as weak geometric and strong energetic cooperativity—a small change in the length of non‐covalent interaction formed by imidazole can strongly influence its strength. The latter can be used to develop methods for controlling the rate and selectivity of chemical reactions involving the imidazole fragment in larger systems. It is shown that the strong mutual influence of non‐covalent interactions involving imidazole is due to the unique ability of the imidazole ring to effectively redistribute electron density in non‐covalently bound systems with its participation.
Exploring the occurrence of microaggressions in the genetic counseling student–supervisor relationship: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Ramsey Kyra , Carmichael Nikkola , Gutierrez‐Kapheim Melissa , Dell‐Suguitan Mike Darren , Lopez Santibanez Jacome Laura , Bao Annie K. , Hoell Christin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhile research has shown that genetic counseling students with minoritized racial or ethnic identities face microaggressions throughout graduate training, quantitative data regarding the frequency of these experiences have not been reported. The purpose of this mixed‐methods study was to investigate the frequency and types of microaggressions experienced by graduates of accredited genetic counseling programs in the United States during fieldwork rotations. A quantitative survey was administered to assess how frequently 14 different types of microaggressions occurred in interactions with supervisors. Survey responses were analyzed using situation‐based coding (the number of different types of microaggressions experienced) and frequency‐based coding (the sum of participants' weighted Likert answers). Select survey respondents with minoritized identities were interviewed to better contextualize and categorize microaggression experiences. Analysis of 87 survey responses revealed that participants with minoritized racial and ethnic identities experience significantly more types of microaggressions (t(61) = 2.77; p = 0.007) at a significantly higher frequency (t(55) = 2.67; p = 0.010) than their white counterparts. Participants who identified as part of the disability community were also found to experience significantly more types of microaggressions (t(10) = 3.25; p = 0.009) at a significantly higher frequency (t(9) = 2.32; p = 0.045) than those who did not. Qualitative analysis of 11 interviews revealed that microaggressions from supervisors included offensive and inappropriate comments, unequal treatment, cultural intolerance, and disparaging feedback. Overall, our data present evidence that students with minoritized racial and ethnic identities and students with disabilities are subjected to a variety of inequitable, exclusionary, and harmful interactions. As a result, we recommend that all supervisors receive training about recognizing and preventing microaggressions to ensure that students are provided with an equitable and inclusive training experience, regardless of identity.
Deep Learning‐Based Analysis of Aortic Morphology From Three‐Dimensional MRI
Authors: Guo Jia , Bouaou Kevin , Houriez‐‐Gombaud‐Saintonge Sophia , Gueda Moussa , Gencer Umit , Nguyen Vincent , Charpentier Etienne , Soulat Gilles , Redheuil Alban , Mousseaux Elie , Kachenoura Nadjia , Dietenbeck Thomas 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundQuantification of aortic morphology plays an important role in the evaluation and follow‐up assessment of patients with aortic diseases, but often requires labor‐intensive and operator‐dependent measurements. Automatic solutions would help enhance their quality and reproducibility.PurposeTo design a deep learning (DL)‐based automated approach for aortic landmarks and lumen detection derived from three‐dimensional (3D) MRI.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationThree hundred ninety‐one individuals (female: 47%, age = 51.9 ± 18.4) from three sites, including healthy subjects and patients (hypertension, aortic dilation, Turner syndrome), randomly divided into training/validation/test datasets (N = 236/77/78). Twenty‐five subjects were randomly selected and analyzed by three operators with different levels of expertise.Field Strength/Sequence1.5‐T and 3‐T, 3D spoiled gradient‐recalled or steady‐state free precession sequences.AssessmentReinforcement learning and a two‐stage network trained using reference landmarks and segmentation from an existing semi‐automatic software were used for aortic landmark detection and segmentation from sinotubular junction to coeliac trunk. Aortic segments were defined using the detected landmarks while the aortic centerline was extracted from the segmentation and morphological indices (length, aortic diameter, and volume) were computed for both the reference and the proposed segmentations.Statistical TestsSegmentation: Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Hausdorff distance (HD), average symmetrical surface distance (ASSD); landmark detection: Euclidian distance (ED); model robustness: Spearman correlation, Bland–Altman analysis, Kruskal–Wallis test for comparisons between reference and DL‐derived aortic indices; inter‐observer study: Williams index (WI). A WI 95% confidence interval (CI) lower bound >1 indicates that the method is within the inter‐observer variability. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsDSC was 0.90 ± 0.05, HD was 12.11 ± 7.79 mm, and ASSD was 1.07 ± 0.63 mm. ED was 5.0 ± 6.1 mm. A good agreement was found between all DL‐derived and reference aortic indices (r >0.95, mean bias <7%). Our segmentation and landmark detection performances were within the inter‐observer variability except the sinotubular junction landmark (CI = 0.96;1.04).Data ConclusionA DL‐based aortic segmentation and anatomical landmark detection approach was developed and applied to 3D MRI data for achieve aortic morphology evaluation.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Automatic Segmentation of Membranous Glottal Gap Area with U‐Net‐Based Architecture
Authors: Hackman Acquah , Chen Chih‐Hua , Chen Andy Wei‐Ge , Chen Mu‐Kuan 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundWhile videostroboscopy is recognized as the most popular approach for investigating vocal fold function, evaluating the numerical values, such as the membranous glottal gap area, remains too time consuming for clinical applications.MethodsWe used a total of 2507 videostroboscopy images from 137 patients and developed five U‐Net‐based deep‐learning image segmentation models for automatic masking of the membranous glottal gap area. To further validate the models, we used another 410 images from 41 different patients.ResultsDuring development, all five models exhibited acceptable and similar metrics. While the VGG19 U‐Net had a long inference time of 1654 ms, the other four models had more practical inference times, ranging from 16 to 138 ms.During further validation, Efficient U‐Net demonstrated the highest intersection over union of 0.8455, the highest Dice coefficient of 0.9163, and the lowest Hausdorff distance of 1.5626. The normalized membranous glottal gap area index was also calculated and validated. Efficient U‐Net and VGG19 U‐Net exhibited the lowest mean squared errors (3.5476 and 3.3842) and the lowest mean absolute errors (1.8835 and 1.8396).ConclusionsAutomatic segmentation of the membranous glottal gap area can be achieved through U‐net‐based architecture. Considering the segmentation quality and speed, Efficient U‐Net is a reasonable choice for this task, while the other four models remain valuable competitors. The models' masked area enables possible calculation of the normalized membranous glottal gap area and analysis of the glottal area waveform, revealing promising clinical applications for this model.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:2835–2843, 2024
Diagnostic Difficulties of Plunging Ranula: A Review of 18 Cases
Authors: Yun Jun , Gidumal Sunder , Saturno Michael P. , Wein Lauren E. , Fan Jun , Khorsandi Azita S. , Chung Daniel , Chen Hua , Chai Raymond L. 
Published: January 2024

Objective(s)Despite advancements in imaging techniques and cytological analysis, plunging ranula remains a challenging surgical, radiologic, and pathologic phenomenon. Of the 18 patients we evaluated at our institution, we highlight three cases that illustrate the high rate of misleading imaging and cytological results when assessing plunging ranula.MethodsImaging results, biopsy findings, operative techniques, and pathological reports were reviewed from patients who had either a preoperative or postoperative diagnosis of ranula and underwent surgery by a single head and neck surgeon at a tertiary care center.ResultsOf the 18 identified patients, computed tomography was correct on preoperative imaging 73% of the time and magnetic resonance imaging was correct on preoperative imaging 71% of the time. Two patients underwent preoperative ultrasound and their ultrasound reports did not accurately diagnose the presence of a ranula. Two patients underwent preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy due to inconclusive preoperative imaging, in which results suggested either a ranula or epidermal cyst. Both ultimately did not match the final pathology. Three of eighteen patients (17%) underwent an inappropriate initial surgery due to incorrect imaging diagnoses and/or biopsy findings.ConclusionDespite use of preoperative modalities to distinguish plunging ranula from other cystic floor of mouth lesions, surgeons must be aware that no workup modality is fully precise. The potential for revision surgery must be included in all preoperative discussions for presumed plunging ranula.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:2689–2696, 2024
Establishing fluvial silicon regimes and their stability across the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Johnson Keira , Jankowski Kathi Jo , Carey Joanna , Lyon Nicholas J. , McDowell William H. , Shogren Arial , Wymore Adam , Sethna Lienne , Wollheim Wilfred M. , Poste Amanda E. , Kortelainen Pirkko , Heindel Ruth , Laudon Hjalmar , Räike Antti , Jones Jeremy B. , McKnight Diane , Julian Paul , Bush Sidney , Sullivan Pamela L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFluvial silicon (Si) plays a critical role in controlling primary production, water quality, and carbon sequestration through supporting freshwater and marine diatom communities. Geological, biogeochemical, and hydrological processes, as well as climate and land use, dictate the amount of Si exported by streams. Understanding Si regimes—the seasonal patterns of Si concentrations—can help identify processes driving Si export. We analyzed Si concentrations from over 200 stream sites across the Northern Hemisphere to establish distinct Si regimes and evaluated how often sites moved among regimes over their period of record. We observed five distinct regimes across diverse stream sites, with nearly 60% of sites exhibiting multiple regime types over time. Our results indicate greater spatial and interannual variability in Si seasonality than previously recognized and highlight the need to characterize the watershed and climate variables that affect Si cycling across diverse ecosystems.
Scanning‐Driven Photon‐Counting 3D Imaging through Scattering Media Via Asynchronous Polarization Modulation
Authors: Liu Rui , Zhang Zhiyuan , Tian Xin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImaging through scattering media is widely studied in various applications including industrial inspection and autonomous driving. Most existing image sensors always suffer from the aliasing effect that generates a diffused image, leading to an extremely challenging problem in recovering targets of high quality, especially for 3D imaging. In this study, a scanning‐driven photon‐counting 3D imaging system through scattering media is proposed via asynchronous polarization modulation. To eliminate the aliasing effect, we utilize a point‐to‐point scanning strategy is used to illuminate the target and a photon‐counting detector to perceive weak echo signals passing through scattering media. Then, an asynchronous polarization‐modulated ranging method is proposed innovatively based on the Gamma pulse model to calculate the relative depth of the target for 3D imaging with the consideration of scattering media's difference. Therefore, the accuracy of the calculated depth and the generalization capability of the proposed method in real applications can be significantly improved. In addition, a time reshaping method is proposed to cope with the depth ambiguity caused by asynchronous measurements. In the experiment, a variety of strong scattering media is used to verify the excellent imaging capability of the proposed method.
Self‐Assembled Fluorinated Nanoparticles as Sensitive and Biocompatible Theranostic Platforms for 19F MRI
Authors: Havlicek Dominik , Panakkal Vyshakh M. , Voska Ludek , Sedlacek Ondrej , Jirak Daniel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTheranostics is a novel paradigm integrating therapy and diagnostics, thereby providing new prospects for overcoming the limitations of traditional treatments. In this context, perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are the most widely used tracers in preclinical fluorine‐19 magnetic resonance (19F MR), primarily for their high fluorine content. However, PFCs are extremely hydrophobic, and their solutions often display reduced biocompatibility, relative instability, and subpar 19F MR relaxation times. This study aims to explore the potential of micellar 19F MR imaging (MRI) tracers, synthesized by polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA), as alternative theranostic agents for simultaneous imaging and release of the non‐steroidal antileprotic drug clofazimine. In vitro, under physiological conditions, these micelles demonstrate sustained drug release. In vivo, throughout the drug release process, they provide a highly specific and sensitive 19F MRI signal. Even after extended exposure, these fluoropolymer tracers show biocompatibility, as confirmed by the histological analysis. Moreover, the characteristics of these polymers can be broadly adjusted by design to meet the wide range of criteria for preclinical and clinical settings. Therefore, micellar 19F MRI tracers display physicochemical properties suitable for in vivo imaging, such as relaxation times and non‐toxicity, and high performance as drug carriers, highlighting their potential as both diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
A compact wideband circularly polarized dipole antenna with wide beamwidth
Authors: Chen Ling‐Lu , Chang Lei , Zhang Jian‐Qiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA wideband circularly polarized (CP) dipole antenna with compact size and wide beamwidth is proposed. To achieve a wide half‐power beamwidth (HPBW), the dipole is designed to be a folded bowtie, and four rotationally symmetric vertical metal plates are placed on the square ground plane. A circular parasitic patch above the dipole arms improves the impedance bandwidth. By using a 3‐dB coupler, the proposed antenna achieves wideband CP performance. The measured results show that an impedance bandwidth for VSWR ≤ 2 and a 3‐dB axial‐ratio (AR) bandwidth are from 0.76 to 2.1 GHz (93.7%). Moreover, a bandwidth of HPBW ≥ 102° is from 0.76 to 1.8 GHz (81.2%).
Weirs: An effective tool to reduce hatchery–wild interactions on the spawning grounds?
Authors: Wilson Jeremy T. , Buehrens Thomas W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
Hatchery-produced salmon and steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss mitigate for habitat loss and support valuable commercial, recreational, and tribal fisheries. However, excessive interactions between hatchery and wild fish can also cause harm to wild populations. Weirs have been implemented as a management tool to remove returning hatchery-origin Chinook Salmon O. tshawytcha adults to reduce the proportion of hatchery-origin spawners (pHOS) in spawning areas used by their wild counterparts. Using a decade of data since new weirs were implemented, our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of this management approach.

Methods
Weirs were installed in six tributaries of the lower Columbia River, Washington. Using data from both weir operations and spawning ground surveys, we quantified weir efficiency (the proportion of upstream migrants captured by the weir) and resultant pHOS in wild spawning areas and evaluated evidence for unintended effects of weirs on naturally spawning salmon in years with (2011–2017) and without weirs (2002–2010) in one population by evaluating weir effects on spawner apparent residence time, distribution, and recruitment to the juvenile stage.

Result
Weir efficiencies were highly variable across years and locations (7.3–100.0%). Estimates of pHOS were variable among populations and years (interannual population mean range: 11.9% to 75.2%) but were higher in all but 2 of the 43 population-year combinations than needed to maintain recovery-plan-targeted levels of population viability using quantitative genetic model-based standards identified by the Hatchery Scientific Review Group. Several factors contributed to the proportion of hatchery spawners exceeding pHOS standards at the population level, including fish passing weirs during freshets, spawning below weir sites and in tributaries without weirs, and imperfect marking of hatchery-released juveniles. In the sole watershed with sufficient pre-weir data to evaluate before–after changes, we documented a downstream shift in the spatial distribution of redds, lower apparent residence time of spawners, and lower production of parr in years following weir installation.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that using weirs as a tool to reduce hatchery–wild interactions on the spawning grounds is challenging. Weir implementation reduced pHOS; however, in most cases, resulting pHOS was not low enough to facilitate fit and viable wild populations. Weirs also were associated with unintended negative impacts to the single population where we had adequate before and after weir implementation data to evaluate effects. These impacts may be harmful to recovery efforts and offset the intended benefits of weirs to wild populations. Our study highlights the need for adaptive management to realize the goals intended for weirs, underscores the need for experimental design approaches, and identifies opportunities for future work.
Encounter rates and catch-and-release mortality of steelhead in the Snake River basin
Authors: Lubenau William J. , Johnson Timothy R. , Bowersox Brett J. , Copeland Timothy , McCormick Joshua L. , Quist Michael C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
The potential influence (i.e., impact rate) of catch-and-release fisheries on wild steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss is poorly understood and is a function of the abundance of wild fish, how many fish are encountered by anglers (i.e., encounter rate), and the mortality of fish that are caught and released. In Idaho, estimates of wild steelhead encounter rates have been derived using the number of wild and hatchery steelhead passing Lower Granite Dam, the number of hatchery steelhead harvested, and the number of hatchery steelhead caught and released. The method includes assumptions that hatchery and wild steelhead have equal encounter rates and catch-and-release mortality is 5% for wild steelhead. Here, we investigated wild and hatchery steelhead encounter rates by anglers, estimated catch-and-release mortality, and concatenated both aspects to examine how existing recreational steelhead fisheries influence wild steelhead mortality.

Methods
We sampled, tagged, and released 1,251 spawn-year 2020 (SY2020) and 1,956 spawn-year 2021 (SY2021) adult steelhead at Lower Granite Dam with T-bar anchor tags and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to estimate steelhead encounter rates and catch-and-release mortality. Differences in survival of caught steelhead and those not reported as caught were evaluated using detections at various locations (e.g., PIT arrays, weirs).

Result
Estimated encounter rates were 43.7% (95% credible interval; 28.2%, 100.0%) for wild fish and 46.7% (29.6%, 100.0%) for adipose-clipped fish in SY2020. In SY2021, encounter rates were 47.2% (32.4%, 100.0%) for wild fish and 52.3% (37.1%, 100.0%) for adipose-clipped fish. Based on detections of caught fish and those not reported as caught, catch-and-release mortality of wild steelhead was estimated to be 1.6% (0.0%, 5.2%). Wild steelhead impact rates were 0.7% (0.0%, 2.7%) in SY2020 and 0.7% (0.0%, 2.8%) in SY2021.

Conclusion
Estimated rates of impact on wild steelhead were consistent and low across years despite major differences in the structure of the fisheries. Our results suggest assuming that encounter rates are equal between hatchery and wild steelhead, and that steelhead catch-and-release mortality is 5%, will likely lead to a conservative estimate of the wild steelhead impact occurring from catch-and-release fisheries.