bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prävention und Regeneration epidermaler Barrierestörungen bei Berufsdermatosen
Authors: Schürer Nanna Y. , Schwanitz † Hans J. 
Published: December 2004

ZusammenfassungDie Prävention von Berufsdermatosen hat in den letzten 10 Jahren zu statistisch gesicherten Erfolgen in der Primär‐, Sekundär‐ und Tertiärprävention geführt. In der Sekundär‐ und Tertiärprävention waren hierfür vor allem berufsdermatologische Interventionen ausschlaggebend. Insbesondere in der Primärprävention sind pädagogische Maßnahmen in Form von Einzelberatung sowie Seminaren zur Aufklärung, Motivation und zum Einüben eines sachgerechten Hautschutzverhaltens indiziert. In der vorliegenden Übersicht werden die naturwissenschaftlichen Besonderheiten von Handekzemen in bezug auf Störung und Regeneration der epidermalen Barriere und damit den Möglichkeiten zur gezielten Prävention dargestellt. Hierbei wurden unter anderem anatomische Besonderheiten der Interdigitalräume, der Palmae und deren funktionelle Konsequenzen wie die palmare Hyperhidrose dargestellt. Es werden die biochemischen Möglichkeiten zur Regeneration der Epidermis in bezug auf den (sauren) pH, den epidermalen Kalziumgradienten und die perkutane Absorption erläutert. Auf die Wirkung von Antioxidantien wird ebenso eingegangen wie auf neuere Hautfunktionstests, die physiologische Meßmethoden nutzen.
Formation and clinical significance of reddish markings on the liver surface: Activity of chronic liver disease
Authors: SHIBAYAMA TAKAO , OHTAKE HIROO , HISHIMA TSUNEKAZU 
Published: December 2004

Background:  The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical significance of reddish markings appearing on the surface of the liver.Methods:  Subjects were patients with Hepatitis B virus‐related (n = 232) or Hepatitis C‐related (n = 246) chronic liver disease. Reddish lesions were obtained from this population using punch biopsy (n = 30) or wedge biopsy (n = 4), then studied histopathologically. In addition, the incidence and macroscopic forms of reddish markings in each laparoscopic stage for the 478 subjects were examined to determine when reddish markings appeared.Results:  Reddish markings on the liver surface appeared only after the appearance of hepatic parenchymal destruction subjacent to the liver capsule, rather than with the appearance of piecemeal necrosis in the portal area. Moreover, following expansion of necrotic hepatic parenchyma subjacent to the liver capsule and distortion of hepatic lobular architecture in this lesion, net‐like or hemorrhagic fleck‐like reddish markings appeared. Therefore, this was recognized as changes at the liver capsule, such as capillary proliferation and dilatation, and blood flow changes in both the capsule and hepatic parenchymal lesions subjacent to the liver capsule. With regards to timing, reddish markings were most frequently observed in the transition to liver cirrhosis. After the appearance of reddish markings on the liver surface, chronic hepatitis rapidly progressed to liver cirrhosis.Conclusion:  Reddish markings correspond to hepatic parenchymal destruction subjacent to the liver capsule, and not to piecemeal necrosis. Reddish markings appear in the transition to liver cirrhosis and might offer a useful marker of the progression to liver cirrhosis.
Determination of Vibrio scophthalmi and its phenotypic diversity in turbot larvae
Authors: Cerdà‐Cuéllar Marta , Blanch Anicet R. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe association of Vibrio scophthalmi with turbot larvae was assessed, by molecular methods with a species‐specific probe, in the rearing stages of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) larvae using a routine batch of production at a fish farm. The phenotypic diversity of this bacterial species was also studied to identify predominant phenotypes at successive stages of larval development. Vibrio scophthalmi was detected in all turbot larvae samples except in the sample from day 0 after hatching. The percentage of V. scophthalmi in the intestinal microbiota increased throughout larval development. Vibrio scophthalmi was also detected in live food (brine shrimps) and water from the tanks, but not in the sediment. All turbot larvae, 15–57 day old, showed several V. scophthalmi phenotypes, and a pattern of successive waves of phenotypes was observed during successive larval stages. This indicates that certain strains may colonize the intestine more efficiently and thus maintain their population for longer than other strains. Vibrio scophthalmi populations from turbots of different origin were very similar, suggesting that irrespective of geographical area, turbot populations share similar V. scophthalmi strains. Vibrio scophthalmi strain was not isolated from other cultured fish, only turbot larvae, at the same hatchery receiving water from the same supply.
Addition of rosiglitazone to metformin is most effective in obese, insulin‐resistant patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Jones T. A. , Sautter M. , Van Gaal L. F. , Jones N. P. 
Published: December 2004

Aim:  These analyses were undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of the insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone (RSG) when added to the therapy of obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM) taking near‐maximal doses (2.5 g/day) of metformin (MET). In obese, insulin‐resistant patients with T2DM who are inadequately controlled on MET, the addition of an agent that reduces insulin resistance may be a more rational and innovative approach than the addition of an insulin secretagogue.Methods:  Data were pooled from two double‐blind studies of RSG added to 2.5 g/day MET, involving a total of 550 T2DM patients. Patients were categorized as non‐overweight, overweight and obese according to their baseline BMI using WHO criteria (<25 kgm−2, 25–30 kgm−2, >30 kgm−2 respectively).Results:  RSG improved glycaemia (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) to a clinically significant extent in all three subgroups but the effect was most pronounced in the obese patients. Improvements in HOMA estimates of insulin resistance and beta‐cell function were also greatest in the obese patients (4 mg: −16% and +19%; 8 mg: −37% and + 33% respectively), as were reductions in fasting insulin. The profile of adverse events was not demonstrably different in obese patients from the non‐obese.Conclusions:  In obese type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled on MET alone, addition of rosiglitazone improves glycaemic control, insulin sensitivity and beta‐cell function to a clinically important extent.
Decreasing levels of tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 during lowering of body mass index with orlistat or placebo in obese subjects with cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Samuelsson L. , Gottsäter A. , Lindgärde F. 
Published: December 2004

Aim:  Obesity is associated with increased levels of inflammatory mediators. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the leucocyte derived inflammatory mediators tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and the isoprostane 8‐epi‐prostaglandin (PG) F2α during BMI lowering with orlistat (Xenical®, Roche) or placebo.Methods:  TNF‐α, IL‐6, and 8‐epi PGF2α evaluated in 376 subjects aged 18–75 years with BMI 28–38 kg/m2 before and after 1 year of double‐blind, randomized treatment with orlistat 120 mg or placebo three times daily.Results:  Weight reduction was associated with decreasing (p < 0.001) levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in both orlistat and placebo groups. After 12 months, TNF‐α was lower (p < 0.05) in the orlistat compared with the placebo group. In the orlistat group, the change in TNF‐α correlated with change in s‐glucose (r = 0.22; p = 0.01), and the change in 8‐epi‐PGF2α correlated with changes in s‐cholesterol (r = 0.27; p < 0.001) and s‐LDL‐cholesterol (r = 0.28; p < 0.001).Conclusion:  Weight reduction was associated with decreasing levels of both TNF‐α and IL‐6. After 12 months of treatment, TNF‐α levels were lower in orlistat than in placebo‐treated subjects. Whether these results translate into reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease remains to be elucidated.
Cancrum oris in a Caucasian male with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Evans L. M. , Lane H. , Jones M. K. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryWe describe a patient with Type 2 diabetes mellitus who developed cancrum oris requiring extensive oro‐facial reconstructive surgery. There are no previous published reports of cancrum oris occurring in a Caucasian subject with no risk factors other than Type 2 diabetes.
Relationship between the severity of retinopathy and progression to photocoagulation in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the UKPDS (UKPDS 52)
Authors: Group Uk Prospective Diabetes Study (ukpds) , Kohner E. M. , Stratton I. M. , Aldington S. J. , Holman R. R. , Matthews D. R. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryAim  to establish the degree to which the severity of retinopathy determines the risk for the need for subsequent photocoagulation in those with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods  Of 5102 patients entered into the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), 3709 had good quality retinal photographs that could be graded at entry. They were followed until the end of the study or until lost to follow‐up, or until they received photocoagulation. Retinopathy severity was categorized as no retinopathy, microaneurysms (MA) only in one eye, MA in both eyes or more severe retinopathy features. The risk of photocoagulation was assessed in relation to severity of retinopathy at baseline, 3 and 6 years.Results  Of the 3709 patients assessed at entry to the UKPDS, 2316 had no retinopathy. Of these 0.2% needed photocoagulation at 3 years, 1.1% at 6 years and 2.6% at 9 years. Those with MA in one eye only (n = 708) were similar, with 0%, 1.9% and 4.7% needing photocoagulation by 3, 6 and 9 years, respectively. Amongst those who had more retinopathy features at entry (n = 509), 15.3% required photocoagulation by 3 years, and 31.9% by 9 years. When those without retinopathy at 6 years (n = 1579) were examined 3 and 6 years later (9 and 12 years after diagnosis), 0.1% and 1.8% required photocoagulation. Those with more severe retinopathy (n = 775) needed earlier treatment, 6.6% after 3 years and 13.3% after 9 years. The commonest indication for laser therapy was maculopathy, but those with more severe retinopathy were more likely to be treated for proliferative retinopathy and to need both eyes treated.Conclusion  Few type 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy progress to photocoagulation in the following 3–6 years, while patients with more severe retinopathy lesions need to be monitored closely.
The effect of diabetes and severe ischaemia on the penetration of ceftazidime into tissues of the limb
Authors: Raymakers J. T. , Houben A. J. , Heyden J. J. vd , Tordoir J. H. , Kitslaar P. J. , Schaper N. C. 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARY Aims  To determine the effect of diabetes and of different degrees of ischaemia on the penetration of ceftazidime into different tissues.Methods  Sixteen patients (10 with diabetes mellitus) undergoing lower extremity amputation for severe ischaemia (in 12 in combination with infection), received 2000 mg ceftazidime intravenously as a bolus 30 min prior to the operation. Skin perfusion was determined by transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurements (TcPO2) on the dorsal side of the midfoot. After amputation bone, skin and muscle samples were obtained from the forefoot, midfoot and proximal tibia. Tissue and plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC. The tissue concentrations were corrected for blood contamination.Results  No differences were observed in skin, muscle or bone ceftazidime levels between diabetic and non‐diabetic patients. Multiple regression analysis suggested that tissue perfusion was a major determinant of skin and bone ceftazidime concentrations, predicting 40–47% of the ceftazidime concentrations at several biopsy sites.Conclusions  The present study suggests that tissue perfusion is the major determinant of the penetration of a third generation cephalosporin into the tissues of the ischaemic (diabetic) foot. Diabetes alone however, has no major effects upon this penetration.
Coeliac disease and Type 1 diabetes mellitus – the case for screening
Authors: Holmes G. K. T. 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARY Aim  To review the relationship between coeliac disease and Type 1 diabetes mellitus with emphasis on prevalence of coeliac disease, presentation and implications for screening.Methods  Papers collected over many years by the author have been included in the review and a literature search employing Medline was undertaken to August 2000. Search words used were coeliac disease and diabetes mellitus.Results  Twenty papers exploring the prevalence of coeliac disease by serological screening of Type 1 diabetes in children, eight in adults and two including both groups were found. An additional 48 papers are included and relate to serological screening tests for coeliac disease, expressions and complications of coeliac disease, the value of GFD and the genetics of the two conditions. Unless formal screening studies are undertaken coeliac disease will not be diagnosed because patients are asymptomatic, have atypical symptoms or even in those with symptoms the diagnosis is overlooked. Based on small bowel biopsy, diagnosis the prevalence of coeliac disease in Type 1 diabetes in children is 1:6 to 1:103 and in adults 1:16 to 1:76. Patients may improve following the start of a gluten‐free diet (GFD) in terms of symptoms, growth in children, serum antibody levels, haematological and biochemical indices, morphology of the small intestinal mucosa and control of diabetes.Conclusion  Coeliac disease commonly occurs in Type 1 diabetes. It is recommended that screening for coeliac disease should be part of the routine investigation and offered to all patients because of the high prevalence and the potential benefits of treatment with a GFD. This includes control of symptoms, stabilization of diabetes and prevention of complications associated with coeliac disease. The cost per patient diagnosed with coeliac disease from the existing population with Type 1 diabetes would be £860 and for those newly arising £950.
Prevalence and awareness of diabetes and mean fasting glucose by age, sex, and region: results from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, 1993–1996
Authors: Pan W.‐H. , Yeh W.‐T. , Chang H.‐Y. , Hwu C.‐M. , Ho L.‐T. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAims The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and awareness of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Taiwan.Methods The Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan for people aged ≥ 4 years was conducted between 1993 and 1996, using a multistaged, stratified, and clustered sampling scheme.Results The prevalence of DM, defined by fasting whole blood glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/l or diagnosed DM subjects taking hypoglycaemic drugs, was 3.7% in men ≥ 19 years and 6.3% in women. Corresponding to age groups 19–44, 45–64 and ≥ 65 years, the prevalence was 1.5%, 7.9% and 7.8% in men and 0.5%, 12.3% and 19.6% in women, respectively. People in mountainous areas and in Peng‐Hu islands had the highest prevalence, but the lowest awareness rates among seven survey strata (regions). Women from metropolitan cities had the lowest DM prevalence and body mass index (BMI) values, but the highest rate of DM awareness among all strata. This phenomenon was not apparent in men. The age, sex, and regional patterns of DM prevalence were consistent with those of BMI.Conclusions The prevalence of DM in Taiwan in 1993–1996 was relatively high, given a mean BMI of 23 kg/m2 in adults. Gender and regional differences were apparent in DM prevalence and awareness and in mean BMI.Diabet. Med. 20, 182–185 (2003)
Perceived risk for Type 2 diabetes in participants in a stepwise population‐screening programme
Authors: Adriaanse M. C. , Snoek F. J. , Dekker J. M. , Spijkerman A. M. W. , Nijpels G. , Van Der Ploeg H. M. , Heine R. J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAims To determine the risk perception of Type 2 diabetes in participants in a stepwise population‐screening programme.Methods This study was carried out within the framework of a stepwise Type 2 diabetes population screening in the general (age 50–75 years) Dutch population. Main outcome measures were perceived risk of having diabetes and perceived seriousness of diabetes, based on a self‐report questionnaire, completed before being informed about the diagnosis (Type 2 diabetes yes/no) of the screening procedure. Among 7736 participants, the risk perception of 217 screening‐detected participants was compared with 4435 with a low‐risk profile for undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes.Results Of 7736 participants, 43.5% could not give an estimate of their risk of having diabetes, 31.2% estimated their risk to be 0% and 25.3% estimated their risk to be 10% or higher. Compared with 4435 participants with an objectively low risk profile, 217 screening‐detected participants were more likely to answer ‘I do not know’ (52.4% vs. 40.1%, P < 0.001), perceived their risk less often to be 0% (19.3% vs. 34.7%, P < 0.001), and slightly more often perceived their risk to be 10% or higher (28.3% vs. 25.2%, P < 0.001). Overall, more than half of the total population, including both participants with a low risk profile and the screening‐detected participants, perceived diabetes as a (very) serious disease. Higher age, obesity and taking anti‐hypertensive drugs did not translate into a higher perceived risk.Conclusions Among screening‐detected participants the seriousness of Type 2 diabetes was generally acknowledged, whilst the perceived risk of having Type 2 diabetes was low, despite the presence of risk factors.Diabet. Med. 20, 210–215 (2003)
Hypertension, anti‐hypertensive drug therapy and erectile dysfunction in diabetes
Authors: Moulik P. K. , Hardy K. J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAims Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common in diabetes and may be related to the high prevalence of hypertension and consequent anti‐hypertensive drug therapy in diabetic patients. The risk factors for ED were studied with particular reference to hypertension and anti‐hypertensive drugs.Methods We performed a retrospective case note analysis of 763 consecutive male patients (34% Type 1 diabetes, 65% Type 2 diabetes) attending an adult diabetic clinic to collect data on risk factors for ED. We specifically recorded the use of anti‐hypertensive drugs.Results Two hundred and ninety‐nine (39%) patients had ED. Mean age of patients with ED (61 years) was higher than those without (mean age 51 years, P < 0.001). The mean age of hypertensive patients was also significantly higher than those without. On multivariate regression analysis, age (P < 0.001), macrovascular disease (P < 0.001), sensorimotor neuropathy (P < 0.001) and HbA1c (P < 0.05) predicted ED. Neither hypertension nor any anti‐hypertensive medication independently predicted ED.Conclusion Our data suggest that ED in diabetic patients with hypertension may be related to the higher age and prevalence of macrovascular disease rather than hypertension or its treatment.
The relationship between the circulating IGF system and the presence of retinopathy in Type 1 diabetic patients
Authors: Frystyk J. , Bek T. , Flyvbjerg A. , Skjærbæk C. , Ørskov H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground Patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) have increased vitreous levels of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I, IGF‐II and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). This accumulation is probably caused by increased leakiness of the blood–retina barrier and influx of circulating IGFs and IGFBPs. To date, interest has focused on the role of circulating total IGF‐I in the development of PDR, and there are only sparse data on circulating levels of free IGF‐I and IGFBPs.Methods We compared fasting serum samples from matched groups of Type 1 diabetic patients with no retinopathy (n = 29), non‐PDR (n = 13) and PDR (n = 16). We also included matched controls (n = 26). Serum was analysed for free and total IGF‐I and ‐II, free plus dissociable IGF‐I, IGFBP‐1, ‐2 and ‐3, IGFBP‐1‐bound IGF‐I as well as IGFBP‐3 proteolysis.Results When compared with controls, diabetic patients (n = 58) showed reduced (P < 0.0005) levels of free and total IGFs, free plus dissociable IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3, whereas levels of IGFBP‐1, IGFBP‐1‐bound IGF‐I and IGFBP‐2 were elevated. IGFBP‐3 proteolysis remained unaltered. When comparing diabetic patients with different degrees of retinopathy, IGFBP‐2 and IGFBP‐1‐bound IGF‐I were the only parameters that differed significantly. Patients with retinopathy (non‐PDR as well as PDR) had elevated IGFBP‐2 (P < 0.03) and reduced IGFBP‐1‐bound IGF‐I (P < 0.03), when compared with patients without retinopathy. Noteworthy, both parameters correlated (0.11 < r2 < 0.14, P < 0.02) with the severity of retinopathy.Conclusion Our study gives no evidence of a direct role of circulating free IGF‐I in the development of PDR, whereas IGFBP‐2 and IGFBP‐1‐bound IGF‐I showed a relationship with the degree of retinopathy. However, further investigations are needed in order to clarify the basis and clinical relevance of this finding.
Alternate site blood glucose testing: do patients prefer it?
Authors: Tieszen K. L. , New J. P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAims To examine patients’ perspectives on ease of use and pain with the MediSense alternate site blood glucose testing device (Soft‐Sense) compared with their current glucose testing method, and to evaluate the analytical performance of the MediSense device with the laboratory reference method.Methods Study participants were shown how to use the Soft‐Sense glucose device and asked to perform two tests on their forearm. A capillary sample was collected from their finger and tested on the external port of the Soft‐Sense meter and a laboratory method (YSI Glucose Analyser). Finally, one drop of blood was also directly tested from the finger onto the external port. Patients completed a questionnaire comparing ease of use and associated pain of their current testing method with the Soft‐Sense meter.Results Patients preferred the Soft‐Sense device to their own for ease of use and for less pain (93% found it easier to use and 96% less painful; P < 0.001). Glucose results correlated closely with the laboratory method (mean absolute percentage bias for the forearm 11.0%, finger 6.0%, and collected capillary sample 5.7%). Error grid analysis showed that all Soft‐Sense results were clinically acceptable.Conclusions Patients prefer the Soft‐Sense alternate site testing device to their existing measuring method. The device accurately measures whole blood glucose.