bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gold Nanocages: Engineering Their Structure for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Chen J. , Wiley B. , Li Z.‐Y. , Campbell D. , Saeki F. , Cang H. , Au L. , Lee J. , Li X. , Xia Y. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe galvanic replacement reaction between a Ag template and HAuCl4 in an aqueous solution transforms 30–200 nm Ag nanocubes into Au nanoboxes and nanocages (nanoboxes with porous walls). By controlling the molar ratio of Ag to HAuCl4, the extinction peak of resultant structures can be continuously tuned from the blue (400 nm) to the near‐infrared (1200 nm) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. These hollow Au nanostructures are characterized by extraordinarily large cross‐sections for both absorption and scattering. Optical coherence tomography measurements indicate that the 36 nm nanocage has a scattering cross‐section of ∼ 0.8 × 10–15 m2 and an absorption cross‐section of ∼ 7.3 × 10–15 m2. The absorption cross‐section is more than five orders of magnitude larger than those of conventional organic dyes. Exposure of Au nanocages to a camera flash resulted in the melting and conversion of Au nanocages into spherical particles due to photothermal heating. Discrete‐dipole‐approximation calculations suggest that the magnitudes of both scattering and absorption cross‐sections of Au nanocages can be tailored by controlling their dimensions, as well as the thickness and porosity of their walls. This novel class of hollow nanostructures is expected to find use as both a contrast agent for optical imaging in early stage tumor detection and as a therapeutic agent for photothermal cancer treatment.
Microcephaly is not mandatory for the diagnosis of mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome
Authors: Callier P. , Faivre L. , Cusin V. , Marle N. , Thauvin‐Robinet C. , Sandre D. , Rousseau T. , Sagot P. , Lacombe E. , Faber V. , Mugneret F. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe phenotype of mosaic variegated aneuploidy (MVA) syndrome is characterized by severe microcephaly, growth deficiency, mental retardation, and mild physical anomalies. The MVA syndrome is associated with mosaicism for several different aneuploidies involving many different chromosomes with or without premature centromere division (PCD). To date 28 cases of MVA syndrome have been reported. We report the first case of MVA syndrome without microcephaly. The clinical features in our patient included craniofacial dysmorphic features, growth retardation, and developmental delay. Cytogenetics analyses and FISH studies showed multiple aneuploidy with trisomy 18, 19, and 8, respectively in blood lymphocyte and fibroblastes without PCD. This case is compared with the other of MVA syndrome previously reported in literature. From this case report, we suggest that microcephaly is not mandatory for the diagnosis of MVA syndrome. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nomenklatur der Fullerene C60‐Ih und C70‐D5h(6)
Authors: Thilgen Carlo 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFullerene sind neue Kohlenstoffallotrope mit einer geschlossenen Käfigstruktur, die eine gerade Zahl von dreifach koordinierten Kohlenstoffatomen und keine Wasserstoffatome enthalten. Diese Verbindungsklasse war ursprünglich auf geschlossene, aus Sechsringen und exakt zwölf isolierten Fünfringen bestehende Käfigstrukturen beschränkt. Es war einerseits klar, dass sich die bestehende Nomenklatur für organische Ringverbindungen auf diese Strukturen anwenden lässt, dabei jedoch zu äußerst sperrigen und unpraktischen Namen führen würde, andererseits, dass die etablierten Prinzipien der organischen Nomenklatur, gegebenenfalls nach einer Anpassung, unter Verwendung des Klassennamens “Fulleren” eine einheitliche Nomenklatur für diese einzigartige Verbindungsklasse zuließen. Allerdings musste dazu ein völlig neues Verfahren zur eindeutigen Nummerierung der Atome geschlossener Käfigstrukturen entwickelt werden. Im Folgenden werden Empfehlungen zur Benennung und eindeutigen Bezifferung der beiden häufigsten Fullerene mit isolierten Fünfringen, C60‐Ih und C70‐D5h(6), zur Anwendung der Prinzipien organischer Nomenklatur auf nicht geschlossene Käfigstrukturen, Heterofullerene, Derivate von Hydrofullerenen und Fullerene mit anellierten organischen Ringen oder Ringsystemen, zur Benennung von Strukturen mit zwei oder mehr Fullereneinheiten sowie zur Beschreibung der Konfiguration von chiralen Fullerenen und chiralen Fullerenderivaten vorgestellt.
Application of fractional calculus to the modeling of dielectric relaxation phenomena in polymeric materials
Authors: Reyes‐Melo E. , Martinez‐Vega J. , Guerrero‐Salazar C. , Ortiz‐Mendez U. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA model based on the concept of fractional calculus is proposed for the description of the relative complex permittivity (ε*r = ε′r − iε′r, where ε′r and ε″r are the real and imaginary parts of ε*r) in polymeric materials. This model takes into account three dielectric relaxation phenomena. The differential equations obtained for this model have derivatives of fractional order between 0 and 1. Applying the Fourier transform to fractional differential equations and considering that each relaxation mode is associated with cooperative or noncooperative movements, we have calculated ε*r(iω,T) (where ω is the angular frequency and T is the temperature). The isothermal and isochronal diagrams obtained from the proposed model of ε′r and ε″r clearly show three dielectric relaxation phenomena; in the isochronal case, each relaxation mode manifests by an increase in ε′r with increasing temperature, and this behavior is associated with a peak of ε″r(T) in each case. The model is matched with the experimental data on poly(ethylene naphthalene 2,6‐dicarboxylate) (PEN) to justify its validity. Poly(ethylene 2, 6–naphthalene dicarboxylate) (PEN) is a semicrystalline polymer that displays three dielectric relaxation processes: β, β*, and α. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 923–935, 2005
Preparation and characterization of wood polyalcohol‐based isocyanate adhesives
Authors: Tohmura Shin‐Ichiro , Li Gai‐Yun , Qin Te‐Fu 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSugi (Criptmeria Japonica) wood meal was liquefied at 150°C with a mixture of poly(ethylene glycol) 400 and glycerin in the presence of a sulfuric acid catalyst. The resulting liquefaction products were used directly to prepare isocyanate adhesives via mixing with polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate without the removal of the residue. The properties of the liquefaction products and the performances of bonded plywood were tested. The results showed that the residue content decreased and the hydroxyl value increased as the reaction time increased. The viscosity and weight‐average molecular weight significantly changed with the reaction time. All the dry test results of the shear strength met the Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS) criteria for plywood. After a cyclic steaming treatment, however, only the plywood bonding with adhesives from the liquefied wood with a reaction time of 1.5 h satisfied the JAS criteria. The wood failure was very low. The emissions of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were extremely low. Liquefied‐wood‐based isocyanate adhesives have the potential to become ideal wood adhesives because of their bond durability, safety, and recyclability.
Characterization of castor oil based polyurethane films prepared with N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone as a solvent
Authors: Malmonge J. A. , Dos Santos M. A. , Malmonge L. F. , Kanda D. H. F. , Chierice G. O. , Sakamoto W. K. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMolecular mobility in castor oil based polyurethane was investigated with thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) measurements and alternating‐current (ac) dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. Three peaks could be observed in TSDC thermograms from 173 to 373 K. The relaxation located at 213 K could be attributed to the change in the molecular chain due to the interaction between the isocyanate and the solvent, and it was well fitted with the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation. The other two peaks were located at 274 and 365 K and could be attributed to interfacial polarization and space charge, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 746–749, 2005
Effects of polydimethylsiloxane grafting on the calcification, physical properties, and biocompatibility of polyurethane in a heart valve
Authors: Dabagh Mahsa , Abdekhodaie M. J. , Khorasani M. T. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSegmented polyurethane (PU) has proven to be the best biomaterial for artificial heart valves, but the calcification of polyurethane surfaces causes serious problems in long‐term implants. This work was undertaken to evaluate the effects of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) grafting on the calcification, biocompatibility, and blood compatibility of polyurethane. A grafted polyurethane film was compared with virgin polyurethane surfaces. Physical properties of the samples were examined using different techniques. The hydrophobicity of the polyurethane films increased as a result of silicone modification. The effects of surface modification of polyurethane films on their calcification and fibroblast cell (L 929) and platelet behavior were evaluated in vitro. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the direct involvement of the polyether soft segments of the polymer in the calcification process. Scanning electron microscopy of films indicated that grafting of silicone rubber to the surface of polyurethane successfully prevented the calcification process. The morphology of fibroblast cells that adhered to the PU films and modified films was similar to that of controls and showed the same proliferation. On the other hand, grafting PDMS onto PU did not affect the amount of platelets that adhered to the polyurethane surfaces. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 758–766, 2005
Water absorption and hygrothermal aging study on organomontmorillonite reinforced polyamide 6/polypropylene nanocomposites
Authors: Chow W. S. , Abu Bakar A. , Mohd Ishak Z. A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe water absorption and hygrothermal aging behavior of organomontmorillonite (OMMT) reinforced polyamide 6/polypropylene (PA6/PP ratio = 70/30), with and without maleated PP (MAH‐g‐PP), was studied at three different temperatures (30, 60, and 90°C). The water absorption and hygrothermal aging response of the composites was studied and analyzed by tensile tests and morphology assessment (scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy), indicating the effect of the immersion temperature, OMMT, and MAH‐g‐PP compatibilizer. The mathematical treatment used in analyzing the data was the single free phase model of diffusion, which assumed Fickian diffusion and utilized Fick's second law of diffusion. The kinetics of water absorption of the PA6/PP nanocomposites conformed to Fickian law behavior, whereby the initial moisture absorption follows a linear relationship between the percentage gain at any time t and t1/2 (the square root of time), followed by saturation. It was found that the equilibrium moisture content and the diffusion coefficient are dependent on the OMMT loading, MAH‐g‐PP concentration, and immersion temperatures. Both the tensile modulus and strength of the PA6/PP nanocomposites deteriorated after being exposed to hygrothermal aging. MAH‐g‐PP acted as a good compatibilizer for PA6/PP/OMMT nanocomposites, which was attributed to its higher retention ability in modulus and strength (in the wet and redried states), lower equilibrium moisture content, and reduced water diffusivity of the nanocomposites. Morphological sketches for both uncompatibilized and MAH‐g‐PP compatibilized PA6/PP/OMMT nanocomposites, toward water uptake are proposed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 780–790, 2005
Woven glass fabric/polyester composites: effect of interface tailoring on water absorption
Authors: Pavlidou S. , Krassa K. , Papaspyrides C. D. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAn experimental investigation was carried out to study the effect of different surface treatments on the moisture absorption behavior of glass fabric/polyester composites. The materials under study included composites containing clean glass fabrics, fabrics treated with a silane coupling agent, and fabrics coated with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomer. Weight gain data versus time of immersion were collected at three immersion temperatures and water uptake at equilibrium as well as apparent diffusion coefficients were calculated. The interlaminar shear strength was also measured at the initial dry state and at different stages of the absorption process to estimate the interfacial contribution to sorption behavior. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 843–851, 2005
Reactive blending of poly(L‐lactic acid) with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Lee Choon Mee , Kim Eung Su , Yoon Jin‐San 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPoly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) was blended with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) in the presence of an esterification catalyst to induce reaction between the hydroxyl groups of EVOH and the terminal carboxylic group of PLLA. Nascent low‐molecular‐weight PLLA, obtained from a direct condensation polymerization of L‐lactic acid in bulk state, was used for the blending. Domain size of the PLLA phase in the graft copolymer was much smaller than that corresponding to a PLLA/EVOH simple blend. The mechanical properties of the graft copolymer were far superior to those of the simple blend, and the graft copolymer exhibited excellent mechanical properties even though the biodegradable fraction substantially exceeded the percolation level. The grafted PLLA reduced the crystallization rate of the EVOH moiety. Melting peak temperature (Tm) of the PLLA phase was not observed until the content of PLLA in the graft reaction medium went over 60 wt %. The modified Sturm test results demonstrated that biodegradation of EVOH‐g‐PLLA took place more slowly than that of an EVOH/PLLA simple blend, indicating that the chemically bound PLLA moiety was less susceptible to microbial attack than PLLA in the simple blend. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 886–890, 2005
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic and AC electrical conductivity studies of chitin and its derivatives
Authors: Seoudi R. , Nada A. M. A. , Abd Elmongy S. , Hamed S. S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe vibrational modes and the purity index of chitin and its derivatives as biopolymers are studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the wavenumber range from 4000 to 400 cm−1. The absorption bands of chitin and its derivatives are assigned. New bands appeared at 1419, 1209, 915, and 800 cm−1 for chitin derivatives due to the change of vibrational modes. The purity indexes are calculated from the ratio of the absorption band of C = O at 1662 cm−1 and OH at 3443 cm−1. Generally, the purity indexes of chitin derivatives are higher than that of chitin, which is due to the decrease of OH. The dielectric properties such as the real part of the dielectric constant (ε′) and loss tangent tan (δ) are measured as a function of temperature at different frequencies ranging from 200 to 2000 kHz. The increase of (ε′) and tan (δ) with increasing temperature is discussed on the basis of increasing polarizability and the decrease with increasing frequency can be attributed to the dielectric dispersion. AC electrical conductivities as a function of the reciprocal of the absolute temperature are also discussed. The mechanism of the charge carrier is discussed as a tunneling model in the temperature range from 300 to 360 K. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 936–943, 2005
Microbubble‐enhanced ultrasound exposure promotes uptake of methotrexate into synovial cells and enhanced antiinflammatory effects in the knees of rabbits with antigen‐induced arthritis
Authors: Nakaya Hiroyuki , Shimizu Tominaga , Isobe Ken‐Ichi , Tensho Keiji , Okabe Takahiro , Nakamura Yukio , Nawata Masashi , Yoshikawa Hideki , Takaoka Kunio , Wakitani Shigeyuki 
Published: July 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether microbubble‐enhanced ultrasound (US) treatment promotes the delivery of methotrexate (MTX) into synovial cells and the enhanced antiinflammatory effects of intraarticular MTX therapy in a rabbit arthritis model.MethodsArthritis was induced in both knees of 53 rabbits by immunization with ovalbumin. MTX including a microbubble agent was then injected into the left and right knee joints, and the right knees were exposed to US (MTX+/US+ group), while the left knees were not (MTX+/US− group). The knee joints were evaluated histologically in 7 rabbits at 5 time points up to day 56. Quantitative gene expression of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) in synovial tissue was measured on days 7 and 28. Eight rabbits were used for the measurement of MTX concentration in synovial tissue 12 hours after treatment. To evaluate the effect of microbubble‐enhanced US treatment in the absence of MTX, only the microbubble agent was injected into the left and right knee joints of 10 rabbits with or without US exposure, and these animals were evaluated histologically on days 7 and 28.ResultsThe MTX concentration in synovial tissue was significantly higher in the MTX+/US+ group than in the MTX+/US− group. Synovial inflammation was less prominent in the MTX+/US+ group compared with the MTX+/US− group, judging from the results of the histologic evaluation and the gene expression levels of IL‐1β in synovial tissue. It also appeared that microbubble‐enhanced US exposure itself did not affect inflammation.ConclusionMicrobubble‐enhanced US exposure promoted the uptake of MTX into synovial cells, which resulted in enhancement of the antiinflammatory effects of the intraarticular MTX injection. These results suggest that application of this technique may have clinical benefit.
Genetically based resistance to the antiinflammatory effects of methotrexate in the air‐pouch model of acute inflammation
Authors: Delano David L. , Montesinos M. Carmen , Desai Avani , Wilder Tuere , Fernandez Patricia , D'Eustachio Peter , Wiltshire Tim , Cronstein Bruce N. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractObjectiveLow‐dose methotrexate (MTX), a mainstay in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, is effective in only 60–70% of patients, a finding mirrored by poor antiinflammatory efficacy in some animal models, most notably collagen‐induced arthritis. To determine whether genetic factors or the model itself is responsible for the poor response to MTX, we directly compared the responses of 4 inbred mouse strains to MTX in the air‐pouch model of acute inflammation.MethodsThe exudate leukocyte count and adenosine concentration were determined in inbred mice treated with MTX (0.75 mg/kg intraperitoneally every week for 4 weeks) or vehicle 4 hours after injection of carrageenan into the air pouch using previously described methods. Quantitative trait locus mapping was performed using an in silico, or computer‐based, method to identify loci potentially associated with each phenotype.ResultsMTX significantly reduced the exudate leukocyte count in C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice, but not DBA/1J (the strain used in the collagen‐induced arthritis model) or DBA/2J mice. In a parallel manner, MTX increased adenosine concentration in inflammatory exudates of C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice, but not DBA/1J or DBA/2J mice. Antiinflammatory and adenosine responses to MTX in DBA/1J × C57BL/6J F1 and F2 offspring were most consistent with single genetic loci being responsible for each phenotype. In silico mapping identified partially overlapping loci containing candidate genes involved in both responses.ConclusionGenetic factors contribute to the antiinflammatory efficacy of MTX, and a single locus involved in MTX‐induced adenosine up‐regulation is likely responsible for the observed resistance to MTX in DBA/1J mice.
Exposure to ELF magnetic field tuned to Zn inhibits growth of cancer cells
Authors: Sarimov Ruslan , Markova Eva , Johansson Fredrick , Jenssen Dag , Belyaev Igor 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe effects of ELF alternating magnetic fields tuned to Zn2+ on the growth of cancer cells with different status of p53 were investigated using a cell proliferation assay. Human cancer cells HeLa (cervix cancer, p53+/+), Saos‐2 and Saos‐2‐His‐273 (osteosarcoma, p53−/− and p53 His‐273 mutant, respectively), H1299tTA and H1299tTA‐His175 (lung carcinoma, p53−/− and p53 His‐175 mutant), and normal human fibroblasts VH‐10 (p53+/+) were used. Exposure parameters were calculated for the first harmonic of Zn2+ based either on the magnetic parametric resonance (MPR) model of Lednev or the ion parametric resonance (IPR) model of Blanchard and Blackman. ELF exposure was for 72 and 96 h. The vertical alternating field was 20 Hz at amplitudes of either 38.7 or 77.4 μT (peaks, IPR or MPR, respectively). The vertical static magnetic field was 43 μT, and the horizontal static magnetic field was zeroed. Treatments of cells with PRIMA‐1 and γ‐rays were used as positive controls. Growth inhibition was observed in cells after exposure to ELF at 38.7 μT. Inhibition of HeLa, VH‐10, and Saos‐2‐His‐273 cells was statistically significant, P = 0.0003, 0.02, and 0.006, respectively. No consistent ELF effects following exposure 77.4 μT were seen. PRIMA‐1 inhibited the growth of all cell lines with the strongest effect in mutant p53‐carrying cell line H1299tTA‐His175. The effects of γ‐rays were relatively weak, suggesting that the cell proliferation assay under conditions employed in this study is not very sensitive to apoptosis. In conclusion, ELF under conditions of exposure tuned to Zn2+ according to the IPR model inhibited the growth of cancer and normal cells. No clear relationship of the observed growth inhibition to p53 status was found. Further experiments, using complementary techniques, are required to test whether p53 reactivation by ELF is feasible. Bioelectromagnetics 26: 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anomaly of the supraclavicular nerve: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Salter E. George , Oakes W. Jerry 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe report a male cadaver found to have his right intermediate branch of the supraclavicular nerve piercing the clavicle. No other anomalies were found in this specimen. Following a review of the literature, it appears that symptoms related to this finding are rare but do occur most commonly involving the intermediate branch of the supraclavicular nerve. Symptoms may be alleviated with surgical decompression of the entrapped nerve. Although rare, the clinician should include entrapment of the supraclavicular nerve within the clavicle in their differential diagnosis of shoulder pain. Clin. Ant. 19:599–601, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Density Functional Theory Study on the Electrocyclization of 1,2,4,6‐Heptatetraene Analogues: Converting a Pericyclic to a Pseudopericyclic Reaction
Authors: Cabaleiro‐Lago Enrique M. , Rodríguez‐Otero Jesús , García‐López Rosa M. , Peña‐Gallego Angeles , Hermida‐Ramón Jose M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA comprehensive B3LYP/6‐31+G* study on the electrocyclization of 1,2,4,6‐heptatetraene analogues was conducted. Starting from the cyclization of (2Z)‐2,4,5‐hexatrienal, a pericyclic disrotatory process favored by the assistance of a electron lone pair, we incorporated small modifications in its molecular structure to obtain a truly pseudopericyclic process. To this purpose electronegative atoms (fluorine and nitrogen) were added to give a more electrophilic character on the carbon atom which is attacked by the electron lone pair of the oxygen atom. The complete pathway for each reaction was determined, and changes in magnetic properties were monitored with a view to estimating the aromatization associated with each process. This information, together with the energetic and structural results, allowed us to classify the reactions as pseudopericyclic or pericyclic. Among all studied reactions only one was a truly pseudopericyclic process and another was a borderline case. The features of this unequivocally pseudopericyclic case were analyzed in depth.