bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing epidemiology, microbiology and mortality of bloodstream infections in patients with haematological malignancies before and during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cai Linjing , Chen Huan , Wei Yongqiang , Guo Xutao , Zheng Haiqing , Jiang Xuejie , Zhang Yu , Yu Guopan , Dai Min , Ye Jieyu , Zhou Hongsheng , Xu Dan , Huang Fen , Fan Zhiping , Xu Na , Shi Pengcheng , Xuan Li , Feng Ru , Liu Xiaoli , Sun Jing , Liu Qifa , Wei Xiaolei 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveThis study was to explore the changes in bacterial bloodstream infection (BSI) in patients with haematological malignancies (HMs) before and during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.DesignRetrospective cohort study between 2018 and 2021.SettingThe largest haematological centre in southern China.ResultsA total of 599 episodes of BSI occurring in 22 717 inpatients from January 2018 to December 2021 were analysed. The frequencies of the total, Gram-negative and Gram-positive BSI before and during the pandemic were 2.90% versus 2.35% (p=0.011), 2.49% versus 1.77% (p<0.001) and 0.27% versus 0.44% (p=0.027), respectively. The main isolates from Gram-negative or Gram-positive BSI and susceptibility profiles also changed. The 30-day mortality caused by BSI was lower during the pandemic (21.1% vs 14.3%, p=0.043). Multivariate analysis revealed that disease status, pulmonary infection and shock were independent predictors of 30-day mortality.ConclusionOur data showed that the incidence of total and Gram-negative organisms BSI decreased, but Gram-positive BSI incidence increased in patients with HMs during the pandemic along with the changes of main isolates and susceptibility profiles. Although the 30-day mortality due to BSI was lower during the pandemic, the new infection prevention strategy should be considered for any future pandemics.
All-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals imprisoned for driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs in Norway (2000–2016): a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jamt Ragnhild Elén Gjulem , Bukten Anne , Stavseth Marianne Riksheim , Bogstrand Stig Tore , Tverborgvik Torill 
Published: December 2023

AimsTo describe all-cause and cause-specific mortality and to investigate factors associated with mortality among individuals imprisoned for driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol and psychoactive drugs in the Norwegian prison population.DesignRetrospective cohort study. The Norwegian prison registry was linked to the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry (2000–2016).SettingNorway.Participants/casesThe cohort consisted of 96 856 individuals imprisoned in Norway over a 17-year period obtained from the Norwegian prison registry.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAdjusted ORs (aOR) with 95% CI were calculated for death due to any, natural and unnatural causes of death. Analyses were stratified according to DUI convictions: no DUI convictions, only DUI convictions (DUI only), DUI and at least one other drug and alcohol conviction (DUI drug), and DUI and at least one conviction other than drug and alcohol conviction (DUI other).ResultsIn total, 29.3% individuals had one or more imprisonments for DUI. The risk of all-cause mortality was elevated for those convicted for DUI, but only in combination with other types of crimes (DUI drug: aOR=1.5, 95% CI 1.4 to 1.6, DUI other: aOR=1.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4). The risk of death from natural causes was significantly elevated for DUI drug (aOR: 1.8, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.0) and for DUI other (aOR=1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6). The risk of death from unnatural causes was lower for DUI only (aOR=0.8, 95% CI 0.7 to 0.9) and elevated for DUI drug (aOR=1.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.6).ConclusionsThe risk of all-cause mortality was significantly elevated for those convicted of DUI, but only in combination with other types of crimes.
What and when to debrief: a scoping review examining interprofessional clinical debriefing
Authors: Paxino Julia , Szabo Rebecca A , Marshall Stuart , Story David , Molloy Elizabeth 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionClinical debriefing (CD) improves teamwork and patient care. It is implemented across a range of clinical contexts, but delivery and structure are variable. Furthermore, terminology to describe CD is also inconsistent and often ambiguous. This variability and the lack of clear terminology obstructs understanding and normalisation in practice. This review seeks to examine the contextual factors relating to different CD approaches with the aim to differentiate them to align with the needs of different clinical contexts.MethodsArticles describing CD were extracted from Medline, CINAHL, ERIC, PubMed, PsychINFO and Academic Search Complete. Empirical studies describing CD that involved two or more professions were eligible for inclusion. Included papers were charted and analysed using the Who-What-When-Where-Why-How model to examine contextual factors which were then used to develop categories of CD. Factors relating to what prompted debriefing and when debriefing occurred were used to differentiate CD approaches.ResultsForty-six papers were identified. CD was identified as either prompted or routine, and within these overarching categories debriefing was further differentiated by the timing of the debrief. Prompted CD was either immediate or delayed and routine CD was postoperative or end of shift. Some contextual factors were unique to each category while others were relatively heterogeneous. These categories help clarify the alignment between the context and the intention of CD.ConclusionsThe proposed categories offer a practical way to examine and discuss CD which may inform decisions about implementation. By differentiating CD according to relevant contextual factors, these categories may reduce confusion which currently hinders discourse and implementation. The findings from this review promote context-specific language and a shift away from conceptions of CD that embody a one-size-fits-all approach.
Palliative care outpatients and improved documentation—what matters most? Quality improvement project
Authors: Srilatha Bharathi , Sundararaj Jenifer Jeba , D N Susithra , Prasoona Thotampuri Shanthi , Joseph Jewell , Celine Thangarathi , Murali Shakila , Joseph Lallu 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivePatients needs should be regularly assessed. We aimed to improve assessment and documentation of needs from baseline 25% in June 2022 to 75% in December 2022.MethodsThe A3, a structured problem-solving continuous-improvement methodology was used. Fish-bone analysis and pareto charts identified root causes; key drivers and interventions were developed. Interventions included (1) documentation templates, (2) a brochure about services, (3) extra team communication skills training, (4) repository in different languages to help patients identify needs, and (5) weekly review meetings. Reliability and sustainability were ensured through ownership and delegation to team members.ResultsDocumentation of needs increased from baseline 25% to 75% within 3 months. This has been sustained at 83% in August 2023. The total number of patients assessed during the project was 1818. Maximum percentage of documentation was 91%. Mean additional time taken to ask and document needs was 2 min.ConclusionsIdentification and documentation of patient needs and prioritisation are feasible in palliative medicine outpatient clinics. This project has directed the team to provide patient-led palliative care interventions.
Caracterización de complicaciones por otitis media aguda en el Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Authors: Cárdenas Barros Patricio , Rosenbaum Fuentes Andrés , Heider Contreras Claudia 
Published: December 2023

Introducción: las complicaciones por otitis media aguda tienen una incidencia menor a un 1%. Aun así, se describe en literatura una mortalidad de un 5%. Actualmente existe escasa evidencia sobre estas complicaciones en nuestra realidad local. Objetivo: describir las de complicaciones de otitis media aguda según tipo, sexo, síntomas de ingreso, exámenes solicitados y tratamiento. Material y Métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de revisión de fichas clínicas que incluyó pacientes que ingresaron al Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile con diagnóstico de otitis media aguda entre el 1 enero de 2000 hasta el 30 de julio de 2022. Resultados: se obtuvieron 71 pacientes ingresados por complicación de otitis media aguda. La edad media fue de 26,79 años, con 46 mujeres y 25 hombres. Se observaron complicaciones extracraneales, intracraneales y complicaciones simultáneas. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron la laberintitis y mastoiditis sin reportar casos de mortalidad. Discusión: actualmente existe escasa información sobre complicaciones de otitis media aguda y su epidemiología a nivel local. Las complicaciones extracraneales fueron más frecuentes: de ellas, la laberintitis y la mastoiditis agudas. El diagnóstico es clínico con apoyo de exámenes tanto de laboratorio, audiovestibulares e imágenes. Con respecto al tratamiento quirúrgico, se debe evaluar caso a caso y debe incluir miringotomía con o sin instalación de tubo de ventilación y mastoidectomía en casos refractarios. Es importante la sospecha y la derivación precoz.
Elimusertib has Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Patient-Derived Pediatric Solid Tumor Models
Authors: Pusch Fabian F. , Dorado García Heathcliff , Xu Robin , Gürgen Dennis , Bei Yi , Brückner Lotte , Röefzaad Claudia , von Stebut Jennifer , Bardinet Victor , Chamorro Gonzalez Rocío , Eggert Angelika , Schulte Johannes H. , Hundsdörfer Patrick , Seifert Georg , Haase Kerstin , Schäfer Beat W. , Wachtel Marco , Kühl Anja A. , Ortiz Michael V. , Wengner Antje M. , Scheer Monika , Henssen Anton G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The small-molecule inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR), elimusertib, is currently being tested clinically in various cancer entities in adults and children. Its preclinical antitumor activity in pediatric malignancies, however, is largely unknown. We here assessed the preclinical activity of elimusertib in 38 cell lines and 32 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models derived from common pediatric solid tumor entities. Detailed in vitro and in vivo molecular characterization of the treated models enabled the evaluation of response biomarkers. Pronounced objective response rates were observed for elimusertib monotherapy in PDX, when treated with a regimen currently used in clinical trials. Strikingly, elimusertib showed stronger antitumor effects than some standard-of-care chemotherapies, particularly in alveolar rhabdomysarcoma PDX. Thus, elimusertib has strong preclinical antitumor activity in pediatric solid tumor models, which may translate to clinically meaningful responses in patients.
Identification and Identity: Quest for the Armenian Martyrdom Sites in the Modern Times
Authors: Khachatryan Shushan , Hakobyan Hayk , Harutyunyan Garnik 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The article deals with the role of Armenian Christian martyrdom sites and interrelated issues of national-religious traditions and identity formation around them in the modern period. As in the case of other Christian traditions and nations, the Armenian martyrs have been honored and become a part of national-religious identity. This article is an identification of the problem field and an attempt at an interdisciplinary examination of the questions mentioned above. Accordingly, some commonly Christian and Armenian regulations concerning the veneration of martyrs’ relics and martyrdom sites in the context of canonization, the source and place identification of the Armenian genocide martyrdom sites, as well as the martyrdom issues around Lenin-Stalin repressions are the scopes for examination in the present study.
Introduction: Advancing a New Research Agenda on Digital Disruption in Diplomacy
Authors: Aggestam Karin , Duncombe Constance 
Published: December 2023

Summary
This article introduces the special issue on digital disruption in diplomacy. We propose a new research agenda, advancing novel conceptualisations and empirical insights into the hybrid nature of contemporary diplomatic practices in a broad range of areas such as peace-making, inter-state signalling, domestic politics, digital communication, public diplomacy and popular culture. Emphasising the major impact of new technologies and the convergence of offline and online diplomatic space, we address the transformative influence at both the micro level of individual actors and the macro level of diplomatic processes and structures. By taking stock of the existing digital diplomacy literature and exploring emerging digital technologies, diplomatic signalling and digital disinformation, we show how new research on digital disruption in diplomacy may be advanced by focusing on agency-structure, method and data collection. Finally, we provide an overview of contributions that collectively propel the development of a new explorative research agenda on digital disruption in diplomacy.
Grotius’s Via Media
Authors: Contreras Aguirre Sebastián 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Grotius’s theory of the foundations of law and morality follows a sort of middle way between rationalism and voluntarism. Grotius, far from both extremes, defends both the normative force of the will and the directive power of practical reason. On this basis, he explains that reason serves as the formal cause of law and the will as the efficient cause. Now, the command of the will alone is not yet valid as a law. It must conform to reason. Reasoning so, Grotius places himself within the scholastic-Aristotelian tradition. Accordingly, he holds the primacy of reason over the will and defends the eminently practical, i.e., non-mathematical, character of morality and law.
The more, the better? Effect of density on the growth of the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Baliota G.V. , Rumbos C.I. , Athanassiou C.G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Understanding the concept of larval density scaling in mealworm farming enables us to analyze and compare the growth patterns of these species and their overall productivity in terms of produced insect biomass. This paper explores the impact of larval density on the development of the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Seven different larval densities were examined in laboratory trials, ranging from 7.5 to 53 larvae per cm2, while the volumetric density per vial was consistent through the experiment at 10 larvae per cm3. The results showed a significant effect of larval density, restricted though to specific developmental traits of A. diaperinus larvae. Based on the results, the highest overall yield and biomass production was achieved at 53 larvae per cm2, however, this density resulted in prolonged development time and decreased larval growth and feed consumption metrics. It is suggested that a larval density of 30.3 larvae per cm2 could offer a favorable balance for achieving optimal biomass efficiency in terms of the time required for harvest, growth performance, feed utilization and economic feasibility. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on the effect of larval density on the performance of A. diaperinus larvae and aims to contribute to the increase of the profitability of A. diaperinus mass-rearing production systems.
Between Reformism and Revolution: the Muslim Brotherhood and the Student Movement in Egypt in the 1930s and 1940s
Authors: Pioppi Daniela 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The article presents an overview of the formation, organisation and political role of the Muslim Brotherhood student movement in the Egyptian contentious political scene of the 1930s and 1940s up to the 1952 military coup, by combining the rich secondary literature of the period with the Brotherhood’s internal sources. The reconstruction focuses on the fact that the Muslim Brotherhood – as any mass organisation – was far less homogeneous than what is normally claimed by both internal and external sources, both sharing a general overstating of internal discipline and absolute obedience, especially during Ḥasan al-Bannā’s charismatic leadership (1928–1949). The students of the Muslim Brotherhood were clearly channelling bottom-up pressures for more radical political action, sometimes ignoring directives from above and influencing the trajectory of the larger movement. In the warming political context of the late 1940s, Islamist students were acting independently, for instance taking the initiative to build tactical alliances with other student organisations even those belonging to the antagonist leftist/progressive camp, thus actively contributing to creating the momentum that led to the 1952 Revolution. However, and despite the clear message from its base, the Brotherhood leadership ended up by always opting for a moderate and cautious course, avoiding head-on confrontation with the government even at the cost of multiple crises and defections.
Nāzilat dār al-akābir e il tentativo di riconciliazione sociale in Tunisia
Authors: Nicosia Aldo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In Nāzilat dār al-akābir (“The misfortune of the house of notables”, 2020), Amīra Ġanīm (1978) creates a fiction that fascinates Tunisian and Arab readers, reopening at the same time the debate on the significance of the historical character of al-Ṭāhir al-Ḥaddād (1899–1935), one of the most revolutionary social reformers of the 20th century. The misfortune to which the title refers is linked to the discovery of a mysterious letter sent by al-Ḥaddād to a young scion of a family of notables from the Tunis medina, Lallā Zubayda. The find raises the suspicion of an illicit love story between the two protagonists, triggering a series of heavy reactions and cascading events.
To bring out the weight of al-Ḥaddad’s positions on colonial powers and the women’s rights issues, Ġanīm supports her fiction with historical documentation. Through the role of eleven narrators she manages to connect important events of almost a century ago with contemporary ones, up to the revolution against the Ben Ali regime and beyond it.
In the article I intend to argue how Lallā Zubayda and her faithful maid, Luwīza, represent the two faces of the same country, symbols of a Tunisia martyred by patriarchal powers, colonialism and erroneous post-colonial policies, which have created the objective conditions for various internal clashes. The implicit message of the novel would be an urgent call towards a social reconciliation between social classes after an acute reflection on Tunisian identity and women’s rights, in a period of difficult political transition.
Developing the Tokelau National Health and Physical Education Curriculum: A case study
Authors: Trask Suzanne , Manuele Pule , Borne Losa , Galy Olivier , Potter Barry , Bay Jacquie 
Published: December 2023

Background: National school curriculum statements detail what it is important to learn and are highly context- and discipline-specific. The health and physical education (H&PE) learning areas have multiple learning purposes, and facilitating this in curriculum design is a significant and challenging task. Objective: There is little reporting on ‘behind-the-scenes’ practices of H&PE curriculum writing, despite this being a key mechanism by which the shaping of curricula occurs. This article offers a descriptive case study of curriculum development for the Tokelau National Curriculum H&PE learning area for Years 0–13. Prior to 2021, this learning area did not formally exist in the Tokelau National Curriculum Framework. Design, Setting and Methods: The case reports on the processes and decisions of a multi-national transdisciplinary writing team from Tokelau, New Zealand and New Caledonia. We explore the questions: ‘Why the need for an H&PE curriculum, and who is it for?’ Document collection and team-based interviews formed the basis for deductive descriptive analysis of the writing processes. Results: Three key themes were developed. Related to ‘why’, findings illustrate the importance of formalising H&PE learning, representing knowledge, skills and capabilities useful for present and future generations of young people in Tokelau. Considering ‘for whom’, findings emphasise the involvement of the community in curriculum decisions, and the inclusion of distinctive features aligned with community values, needs and aspirations. Conclusion: The case study illustrates the requisite coming together of different groups and expertise in the creation of a curriculum, a synthesis of pre-existing and new knowledge and experiences. The focus on health promotion and health and physical literacies exemplifies the everyday use of school curriculum goals to support community health.
Prevalence, clinical presentation, and risk factors of chronic venous disease in Cameroon: A general population-based study
Authors: Ngatchou William , Barche Blaise , Temgoua Mazou , Metouguena Serge Erwich , Jutcha Ivan , Mvondo Charles Mve , Kamdem Félicité , Dzudie Anastase , Ndjoh Samuel , Johne Marcel , Metogo Junette , Ndom Marie Solange , Sango Joseph , Ngo Yon Carole , Moulium Sidick , Lade Viche , Kuaté Liliane Mfeukeu , Menanga Alain Patrick , Sobngwi Eugène , Njock Richard , Blazquez Silvestra Barrena , Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin 
Published: December 2023

Introduction Chronic venous disease is a global public health problem, with high morbidity and economic distress. There is scarcity of data on this disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We conducted the first population-based study over a period of 20 months from 1st February 2020 to 30th September 2021 in the 10 regions of Cameroon. A stratify sampling method was chose to select study site. Socio-demographic data, personal and family history, anthropometric parameters, clinical signs, illustrative images, CEAP (Clinical-Etiological-Anatomical-Pathophysiological) classification revised in 2004, VCSS (venous Clinical Severity Score) and risk factor assessment score were used to construct the survey form. Chi-squared test and Fischer exact test were used to compare the prevalence of chronic venous disease across different potential risk factors (sex, age category, previous history of deep vein thrombosis, hypertension, diabetes, smoking status, obesity). Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to obtain crude and adjusted odds ratio for risk factors associated with chronic venous insufficiency. Statistical analyses were done with R version 4.2 for Linux and the threshold for statistical significance was 0.05. Results A total of 6578 participants were included in the study, with a mean age of 41.09 ± 16.02 years with female predominance (54.3%). The prevalence of chronic venous disease was 21.8% (95% CI: 20.8–22.9) and the prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency (C3–C6) was 7.02% ( n = 462). Night cramps (43.2%), oedema (21.7%), lower limbs pain (20.4%) mostly worsens by walking and heavy legs (16.2%) were more common symptoms. The mean total venous clinical severity score was 0.69 ± 1.76 and this score had a significant positive correlation with C classification ( p < .001). In the multivariate analysis, the following factors were independently associated with CVD: Male gender (aOR: 1.27; 95%CI: 1.04–1.56; p = .021), retired people (aOR: 46.9; 95% CI: 12.6–174.5; p < .001), hypertension (aOR: 289.5; 95%CI: 169.69–493.1; p < .001), diabetes (aOR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.21–3.96; p = .009), obesity (aOR: 10.22; 95%CI: 7.67–13.62; p < .001). Smoking appears as a protective factor (aOR: 0.18; 95%CI: 0.10–0.30; p < .001). Conclusion Chronic venous disease is frequent in Cameroon and main traditional cardiovascular risk factors are associated to this condition. Systematic screening of the CVD in these specific groups could reduce the burden of the disease and its economic impact.