bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainability of Soy Protein from Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Braun Michelle , Muñoz Ivan , Schmidt Jannick H , Thrane Mikkel 
Published: November 2023

A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an approved and validated method to quantify the environmental impacts of producing a given product. An LCA was recently completed on isolated soy protein (ISP) produced by DuPont Nutrition & Health that was ISO 14044 compliant and reviewed by a third‐party. The LCA study included soy cultivation, bean crushing, ISP production and transportation. The ISP study focuses on findings related to carbon footprint, water and land use footprints. Comparisons are made to meta‐analysis results for common sources of animal‐source proteins.The results demonstrate ISP has a very low carbon footprint compared to animal based alternatives, expressed as kg CO2 equivalents per kg protein (kg CO2e/kg pro). ISP was found to have a carbon footprint of 2.4 kg CO2e/kg protein. This can be compared to other sources of protein, such as whey protein concentrate (WPC), with 16 CO2e/kg pro, 17 CO2e/kg pro for chicken, 23 CO2e/kg pro for skimmed milk powder, and 24 CO2e/kg pro for pork. Findings also indicate that ISP has a low land use footprint compared to animal sourced proteins. ISP has the smallest land use footprint while the land required to produce a kg of WPC is over two‐fold larger. Water use footprint for both ISP and WPC is comparable but markedly less than other sources such as pork and beef.This data can be used to quantify the ingredients impact on sustainability of foods available to consumers. An example provided is the use of vegetable protein, instead of animal derived protein sources, in sports nutrition beverages. Approximately 14 kg CO2e and 24 kg CO2e can be avoided by replacing 1 kg whey and casein protein with 1 kg soy protein. Replacing half of the WPC with ISP in sports nutrition beverages (dry blend beverages) globally – a reduction of 424,000 tons CO2e can be obtained, annually. This is equivalent to removing roughly 90,000 US cars from the roads, a significant contributor of CO2e, annually.The findings of this study demonstrate plant‐based proteins such as ISP have a favorable environmental profile with a carbon footprint that is 8 to 80 times lower than the analyzed animal‐based proteins.Support or Funding InformationThe study of ISP is made in accordance with the ISO 14044 standard and funded by DuPont Nutrition & Health.
Perspectives of Public, Private and Civil Sectors in the Development and Maintenance of a Local Food System
Authors: Castellanos Diana Cuy , Christaldi Joanne , Jones Jonathon 
Published: November 2023

A local food system has not been formally defined but is commonly characterized by the distance food has traveled between producer and grower. Other characterizations of a local food system incorporate aspects relating to sustainable food production methods, fair labor practices and social relationship, and economic development and/or sustainability. The food system encompasses all entities of society from the individual consumers to the public and private sectors. The purpose of this study was to explore multiple sectors involved in the development and maintenance of a local food system and identify areas of divergence and convergence between groups. For this study, 27 people representing the governmental, civil, or business/production sectors of a metropolitan city in the Midwestern US were interviewed. A general interview guide was used to explore participants’ perspectives of the local food system, future needs and possibilities. Each interview was transcribed verbatim and three trained qualitative coders used grounded theory to explore the local food system. Coding, constant comparison, and memo‐writing were used for the data analysis. Common themes emerged and were compared across sectors. Similar themes included: the need for nutrition education and awareness of local foods in individual community members, limited human, financial and infra structural resources for developing a strong local food system, lack of local, governmental policies supporting the local food system efforts, and the importance of collaboration through the development of a strong, stable food policy council. Areas of divergence were as follows First, governmental representatives identified the lack of resources within the public sector as a main barrier to the development of the local food system. Second, civil representatives insinuated the importance of having a local food system that was all inclusive of all socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds and was culturally‐appropriate. Third and finally, producers asserted that the local food system should not be reliant up the public sector but to be self‐sustaining. In conclusion, it is important for each to understand the perspectives of other sectors and collaborate together in an organized manner to enable the development and maintenance of a strong, integrated local food system. This study provides a conceptual lens to examine other communities in a similar fashion.Support or Funding InformationNo funding source to disclose.
Observed Differences in Child Picky Eating Behaviors Between the Child's Home and Center‐ or Home‐based Childcare
Authors: Luchini Virginia , Lee Soo‐Yeun , Donovan Sharon 
Published: November 2023

Picky eating (PE), which typically defined as having low dietary variety and rejecting new and familiar foods, is a commonly reported problematic eating behavior that emerges during early childhood. PE causes parental concern and has been linked to lack of dietary variety and increased risk of depression, underweight, and developing an eating disorder in the child. Traditionally, parents have been primarily responsible for determining their child's dietary intake. However, the number of children placed in non‐parental, i.e., center‐based childcare (CBC) or home‐based childcare (HBC), has risen substantially, increasing care providers’ influence on the development of children's eating behaviors. Currently little is known about PE behaviors manifested by the child across the home and childcare settings. Furthermore, most research in the area of early childcare focuses on CBC, although 15% of children in non‐parental childcare are cared for in HBC. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate observed child PE behaviors across settings, while controlling for the food provided to the child in each setting. Children, ages 3–5 years, were recruited from a CBC (n=26) or HBC (n=24) childcare locations in the Champaign‐Urbana area. Children were videotaped consuming two different lunchtime meals in both their home and childcare for a total of 200 observed mealtimes. Physical and verbal food refusals and avoidances were coded from the videos as PE behaviors. Inter‐rater reliability of Cohen's Kappa >0.90 was achieved for all coders. The McNemar test results revealed that children in CBC expressed all PE behaviors more often at home than at childcare (P<0.0001). Children in HBC expressed more physical refusals and verbal avoidances at home compared to their childcare location (P<0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in the number of verbal refusals between home and HBC and significantly more physical avoidances at HBC than home (P<0.001). Thus, children were observed to respond differently to the same foods based on the mealtime location, and, overall, expressed more PE behaviors at home than in either childcare setting. The findings from this study add to the knowledge base of child eating behaviors and can be used to create specialized, location‐specific intervention and education programs with the goal of raising healthy, independent eaters.Support or Funding InformationChristopher Family Foundation Food and Family Program.
“iRun”! An Evaluation of the Addition of Nutrition Education and a Fitness Log to an Existing After‐School Fitness Program
Authors: Bell Julia , Spence Marsha , Aaron Kindall , Colby Sarah , Kavanagh Katie 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe primary objective of this project was to evaluate if there were significant differences between pre‐ and post‐outcomes for physical fitness levels, nutrition knowledge, and physical activity self‐efficacy among conventional and experimental intervention groups.MethodsThis study was a convenience sample, pre‐and post‐test, quasi‐experimental design with between‐subject factors of nutrition education and a fitness log (receive education plus fitness log and do not receive education plus fitness log). Physical fitness was measured using the PACER fitness test; nutrition knowledge and physical activity self‐efficacy were assessed using validated surveys.ResultsNutrition knowledge and physical activity self‐efficacy increased significantly in the experimental group (p<.01). Physical fitness significantly increased in the control group (p<.01).The experimental group's nutrition knowledge significantly increased compared to the control from pre‐ to post‐intervention (p<.01).ConclusionThe iRun program showed that combining physical activity, nutrition education, and a fuel and fitness log may increase nutrition knowledge, physical fitness, and physical activity self‐efficacy. While the iRun program conventionally implemented without nutrition education increased fitness levels, the addition of nutrition education and fuel and fitness logs, increased the experimental groups’ nutrition knowledge and self‐efficacy for physical activity in addition to increased fitness levels, all of which are important outcomes for childhood obesity prevention programs.Support or Funding InformationEast Tennessee Children's Hospital
Nutrition Recommendations Critical to Teach Low‐Income Adults in EFNEP: U.S. Dietary Guidelines Expert Panel Opinion
Authors: Murray Erin , Baker Susan , Auld Garry 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveAn expert panel was convened to prioritize which nutrition messages from the 2010 U.S. Dietary Guidelines were most critical to teach low‐income adults to improve diet quality and reduce chronic diseases.MethodsSix experts were recruited nationally with the professional expertise needed to prioritize the Dietary Guidelines that were most‐critical to teach a low‐income audience through the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP), a federally‐funded national nutrition education program. Expert panel members had specific expertise in the following areas: serving on the 2010 US Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, developing current national consumer nutrition messages from the Dietary Guidelines, evaluating and conducting national nutrition research related to the prevention of chronic diseases and underserved populations, leading nutrition education programs targeting low‐income adults, and EFNEP administration. The experts individually prioritized 23 specific Dietary Guidelines nutrition recommendations and discussed differences among their rankings until reaching consensus.ResultsOverarching nutrition recommendations to teach a low‐income audience for the purpose of improving health and reducing the risk of nutrition‐related diseases were: focus on nutrient dense foods low in calorie density and cook and eat more meals at home. Specific recommendations were: 1) increase vegetable and fruit intake, 2) eat a variety of vegetables, 3) consume at least half of all grains as whole, 4) increase low‐fat dairy or fortified soy products, 5) eat a variety of protein foods, 6) identify key points on food labels, 7) prepare, serve, and consume smaller portions of food and beverages, 8) reduce snack foods and sweets, and 9) avoid sugar‐sweetened beverages.ConclusionsThis research has implications for developing appropriate nutrition education content for low‐income audiences. The expert panel results will guide the development/revision of nutrition education curricula content and evaluation tools used by EFNEP and may influence other programs serving this audience.Support or Funding InformationAgricultural Experiment Station Multistate Project: NC2169 EFNEP‐Related Research
Physician Nutrition Education Program: Adding Value to Patient Care by Increasing Physician Expertise in Nutrition
Authors: Hicks Kristen K. , Irion Morgan K. , Murano Peter S. 
Published: November 2023

The Physician Nutrition Education Program (PNEP) was developed as a two phase initiative to address the current lack of nutrition education opportunities for physicians. Phase 1 examined nutrition use in practice and obtained physician feedback from an online survey, while in phase 2 we focused on nutrition webinar development, based in part on Phase 1 information collected. Each webinar featured research‐based nutrition topics of importance, available to physicians for continuing medical education (CME) credits through the Texas Medical Association “On‐Demand” library. First, a “Physician Opinion Survey” was developed and validated to determine current nutrition knowledge and practices of Texas physicians. Using this information, the webinars were constructed to increase specific knowledge areas, and to provide resources to incorporate nutrition discussions with patients. Webinars also highlighted the importance of collaborating with a Registered Dietitian (RD) to communicate nutrition concepts. An online survey of 20 questions was distributed through medical contacts and listser vs across Texas. Our sample, n=54, included 44 MD's, 6 DO's and 4 MD/PhD's in over 15 different areas of practice. Most respondents (89%) usually/always or sometimes see patients who require that the physician to have a background knowledge in nutrition. Furthermore, only (46%) usually/always or (35%) sometimes engage patients in a manner that requires nutrition knowledge; whereas only 15% felt highly confident in performing nutrition counseling to their patients. The majority of respondents (56%) have never attended a nutrition focused seminar, webinar or conference. However, 81% of physicians indicated that they would be interested in learning by participating in a nutrition education webinar. In conclusion, the need for nutrition knowledge was high in our study sample, creating a demand for nutrition topics in physician continuing education. We hypothesize that providing nutrition education opportunities to physicians via webinars will increase their knowledge of nutrition, improve confidence when providing nutrition counseling to patients, and facilitate referrals to RDs all which may ultimately decrease recurring visits and improve overall health outcomes in patients.Support or Funding InformationFunding support provided by the Jane Elizabeth Watkins Cohen Endowed Scholarship.
Nutrition Education Intervention in Kindergarteners: Effects on Knowledge and Behavior
Authors: Hoolihan Lori , Larsen Andrew , Liao Yue , Dunton Genevieve Fridlund 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundNutrition education is an integral component of establishing healthy eating habits in early childhood. Few nutrition interventions in kindergartens have been evaluated, and none have tested program effectiveness, implementation and dissemination. The Building a Healthy Me (BHM) is an 8‐unit classroom‐based nutrition education program for kindergarteners with a family component. This formative evaluation assessed the effectiveness of the BHM program in California kindergarteners at changing students’ knowledge and dietary intake and parents’ nutrition‐related parenting practices, using the RE‐AIM (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework.MethodsA quasi‐experimental design assessed pre‐to‐post‐survey changes in nutrition knowledge, dietary consumption and parenting behaviors in 25 Intervention classrooms (604 students); and post‐survey differences between the Intervention classrooms and 4 Control classrooms (103 students) in nutrition knowledge.ResultsIntervention students improved in their knowledge of food group classifications, healthy breakfast/snack options and importance of breakfast from pre‐to‐post‐survey, and scored higher than Control students in nutrition knowledge on the post‐survey (p < .05). From pre‐to‐post survey, intervention parents increased their use of food labels, and children increased intake of several healthy foods and decreased intake of candy and fried potatoes (p < .05). The BHM program reached 41% of kindergarteners attending public schools in California in the 2013–14 school year. Parent and teacher satisfaction with the program was high.ConclusionsThe BHM program was implemented with fidelity and was effective and broadly disseminated, highlighting its potential public health impact for kindergarteners.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the Dairy Council of California and the American Cancer Society (118283‐MRSGT‐10‐012‐01‐CPPB).
Effect of Aspartate Supplementation on Athletic Performance and Testosterone Levels in Young Men
Authors: LaMacchia Zach , Williams Brian , Horvath Peter J 
Published: November 2023

D‐aspartic acid has been suggested to enhance athletic performance by regulating the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐gonadal axis by increasing plasma testosterone. Aspartate supplementation may be useful to increase testosterone for individuals with low plasma testosterone due to aging and other conditions.PURPOSETo determine the effect of D‐aspartic acid supplementation on athletic performance and testosterone production in young male athletes.METHODSAfter screening for ACSM low risk, 15 healthy male athletes (average age = 22y, body weight = 79.1 kg and body fat = 9.2%) were randomized to two groups for supplementation using a double blinded parallel arm experimental design. They ingested either 3 grams of d‐aspartic acid (Aspartate, n=9) or a Placebo (n=6) for 14 days supplied in capsule form. Subjects recorded and replicated previous 3 day diets prior to testing. Physical assessments were performed prior to and after supplementation included a peak VO2 test by cycle ergometer, 1 maximal repetition bench press and 1 maximal repetition squat (average values ±SD before supplementation were 41.7 ±6.4 ml/kg/min, 117.9 ±11.1 kg and 151.7 ±19.0 kg, respectively).RESULTSThe Aspartate group had a positive trend in performance during the 1 maximal repetition bench press by 3.5 ±6.8kg (average ±SEM, p=0.06) and a significant increase in the 1 maximal repetition squat by 8.5 ±10.5kg (average ±SEM, p=0.013). No change in performance measures were observed in the Placebo group. There was no change in testosterone levels in the control group: Pre‐731.2± 70.4 ng/dL, Post‐733.7± 77.8ng/dL (average±SEM) or in the experimental group: Pre‐720.56±79.9ng/dL, Post‐719.8±72.8ng/dL (average±SEM). Body composition did not change for either group.CONCLUSIOND‐aspartic acid supplementation may lead to improved acute skeletal muscle synthesis improving upper and lower body muscle performance. D‐Aspartic Acid supplementation does not have a significant effect on testosterone levels and the time point observed.
The analysis of essential nutriment intake deficiencies and the body composition compartments in college athletes
Authors: Mendoza‐Hernandez Alma , Avila‐Martinez Bettsy , Rocha Valeria , Sánchez‐Quintero Paola , Nuñez‐Guzman Ada 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe quality of the protein availability is related to the amount of essential amino acid (EAA) that food contains. Energy and protein intake have a potent regulator to increase the fat‐free mass (FFM) synthesis, body composition measure should be considerate to the exercise performance. Athletes protein intake should be 1.5–2 g protein/kg/d.ObjectiveTo determinate the effect of EAA on body composition status in college athletesMethodologyInformation of the dietary intake was obtained by 24‐hour recall. This information was compared with the requirements for sports competitors. Nutrient intake values amounts were calculated using US Department of Agriculture database. Air Displacement Plethysmography was used to determinate FM and FFM percentages. Statistical analysis included a paired t test, to determinate the differences between the intake amount and the suggested; and linear regression analysis to determinate the effect of the EAA in the FFM.ResultsThirty athletes (18 males and 12 females) were evaluated. The mean amount of energy, fat, protein, and carbohydrates were 2493.1 kcal/d (SD=1278.83), 76.7 gr/d (SD=46.66), 115.43 gr/d (SD=62.95) and 301.07 gr/d (SD=160.37), respectively; and the 20% of deficient protein intake was showed. The amount of iron, 27.9 mg/d (SD=23.5). The protein and energy intake were lower than the requirement for sports competitors (p=0.0166 and p<0.0001). FFM was entered into the linear regression model as a continuous variable, the EAA were not significant (p=0.4961)ConclusionThis nutritional dietary analysis indicate a high protein deficit, 20%, that included the EAA, the synthesis of those EAA makes available a free pool to replace the protein degradation when the amount FFM is adequate. Therefore the nutritional intake recommendation has to be monitored by sports specialist using validated instruments. Despite of the result, the FFM has been not affected. Further research must be done in order to link the decrease inmuno‐malnutrition diseases.
Caffeine accentuates emotional responses, not emotion regulation choice
Authors: Giles Grace E. , Spring Alexander M. , Urry Heather L. , Moran Joseph M. , Mahoney Caroline R. , Kanarek Robin B. 
Published: November 2023

Caffeine is the most commonly used behaviorally‐active substance in the world. Caffeine reliably increases arousal, but it is unclear if and how it influences other dimensions of emotion such as positive versus negative feelings, termed affective valence. The present study documented whether caffeine influences emotion and emotion regulation. Participants included 48 adults (20 male, 28 female; 20.1±2.3 years; BMI 22.9±3.5), all of whom were low to abstinent caffeine consumers (maximum 100 mg/day, mean 26.8±25.6). Participants completed measures of emotion, including the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) before, 45‐minutes after, and 75 minutes after consuming 400 mg caffeine or placebo in a within‐subjects design. Participants also completed an emotion regulation choice task, in which they chose to employ one of two emotion regulation strategies, distraction or cognitive reappraisal, in response to low and high intensity negative pictures, and rated the pictures on perceived arousal and valence. State anxiety, negative affect, and salivary cortisol were heightened both 45 and 75 minutes after caffeine intake relative to placebo. Consistent with previous findings, participants chose reappraisal more often for low intensity pictures and distraction more often for high intensity pictures. Caffeine did not influence the frequency with participants chose reappraisal or distraction, but augmented negative picture ratings. Thus caffeine accentuates non‐habitual caffeine consumers’ emotional responses to negative situations, but not how they choose to regulate such responses.Support or Funding InformationResearch reported in this abstract was supported through a contract with the US Army Natick Soldier Research, Development, and Engineering Center (NSRDEC, Natick, Massachusetts, USA)