bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mating disruption in Agrotis segetum monitored by harmonic radar
Authors: Svensson Glenn P. , Valeur Peter G. , Reynolds Donald R. , Smith Alan D. , Riley Joseph R. , Baker Thomas C. , Poppy Guy M. , Löfstedt Christer 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe long‐range, pheromone‐mediated, flight behaviour of male moths under natural and mating disruption conditions was monitored by means of harmonic radar. Individual male turnip moths, Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), tagged with radar transponders, were released and tracked in plots with or without disruptive doses of sex pheromone. In addition, male attraction to pheromone‐baited traps and mating of calling females in treated and untreated plots was investigated. High doses of a four‐component pheromone blend reduced trap catch by 79% and mating of females by 62% when compared with control plots in pre‐radar experiments. Surprisingly, this effect was not associated with any pronounced differences in flight behaviour of males between a treatment and a control plot as revealed by harmonic radar recordings. In total, 20 flight tracks from a control plot and 22 flight tracks from a treatment plot were analysed. Moths could be followed for up to 77 min, corresponding to a track length of 7350 m. Mean ground speed ranged from 0.7 m s−1 to 5.4 m s−1. There was a strong trend (P = 0.06) for a greater number of male orientations to traps from downwind in the control field compared to the treatment field. Many flight tracks were fragmented due to radar shadow. Advantages and constraints using harmonic radar to study the pheromone‐mediated flight behaviour of nocturnal moths are discussed.
Influence of visual stimuli on host location in the butterfly, Eurema hecabe
Authors: Hirota Tadao , Kato Yoshiomi 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe influence of visual stimuli on female host location was investigated in Eurema hecabe (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Mated females with no oviposition experience were presented with artificial plant models treated with the methanol extract of the host plant, Lespedeza cuneata (Fabaceae). When models of different colours were presented to females, they landed and deposited eggs predominantly on the yellow‐green model. However, the size of the model was not important. When females were presented with simple square models and a model on which small squares were assembled, they predominantly chose the assembly model. This suggests that female discern the pattern which resembles the leaf of their main host plants, which consists of many small leaflets. However, the whole image of a leaf of the host plant was not an essential cue for host location, as females also chose the square with the central space more frequently than that without the space. We suggest that the long contour of a complicated form plays a role in female host location.
The fruit fly parasitoid Fopius arisanus: reproductive attributes of pre‐released females and the use of added sugar as a potential food supplement in the field
Authors: Bautista Renato C. , Harris Ernest J. , Vargas Roger I. 
Published: October 2003

Abstract Fopius (= Biosteres) arisanus (Sonan) (=Opius oophilus Fullaway) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an egg‐pupal parasitoid of tephritid fruit flies. Small scale releases of F. arisanus were undertaken in coffee, Coffea arabica L., on the island of Kauai, to evaluate its potential for suppression of fruit fly populations. In conjunction with field releases, assays were conducted to determine the quality of pre‐released parasitoids. In addition, the suitability of various sugars as potential food supplements in the field was evaluated. Spermathecal dissection showed that >70% of a total 1.7 million females released in 1998 and 1999 were successfully mated. Moreover, a sperm rating of 2.5–2.6 indicated that the spermathecae of inseminated females were 50% full. There were 85–137 matured eggs (mean = 101.7 ± 11.5) in the ovaries of mated or virgin females. When honey was replaced with ripe coffee and water, ripe coffee, or water alone, 10 days after emergence, females remained alive for another 5.5, 5.4, and 4.9 days, respectively. There was corresponding deterioration in the ovaries of gravid females. Mean eggs of honey‐deprived females declined from >100 to <70 shortly before their death. Suitability test of various sugars showed that females lived longer when fed with honey (26 days), maple syrup (25 days) or molasses (20 days). Moreover, females provided with these sugars produced mean cumulative progeny per female of 77.2 ± 19, 67 ± 7, and 81 ± 14, respectively, during a 2‐week egging period. Our findings provided a basis for development of field release strategy for F. arisanus.
Survival and fecundity of Bt‐susceptible Colorado potato beetle adults after consumption of transgenic potato containing Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis Cry3A toxin
Authors: Nault Brian A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractSurvival and fecundity of Colorado potato beetle adults, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), that had or had not fed previously on non‐transgenic potato before exposure to transgenic potato containing the Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis Cry3A toxin (Bt) was investigated. In the laboratory, < 5% of first‐generation adults survived after two weeks when restricted to Bt foliage since eclosion, but over 85% of adults that had fed initially on non‐Bt potato survived exposure to Bt potato for two weeks. In field experiments, less than 0.5% of adults that were exclusively provided Bt potato plants survived overwinter, whereas 44% to 57% survived overwinter when fed non‐Bt potato plants for two weeks before being provided Bt potato as a final pre‐overwintering host. Survival through the winter increased as the duration of initial feeding on non‐Bt potato increased and was similar for beetles provided either tubers or Bt potato plants as a final pre‐overwintering host. Only overwintered beetles that fed initially on non‐Bt potato before encountering either tubers or Bt potato as a final pre‐overwintering host laid eggs the following spring. Survival and reproduction of potato beetle adults after colonizing Bt potato fields should not be adversely affected as long as they have had sufficient time to feed initially on non‐Bt potato. Implications for how potato production practices in the Mid‐Atlantic US may affect the utility of general resistance management plans for Bt potato are discussed.
Inflammation in central nervous system injury
Authors: Allan Stuart M. , Rothwell Nancy J. 
Published: October 2003

Inflammation is a key component of host defence responses to peripheral inflammation and injury, but it is now also recognized as a major contributor to diverse, acute and chronic central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Expression of inflammatory mediators including complement, adhesion molecules, cyclooxygenase enzymes and their products and cytokines is increased in experimental and clinical neurodegenerative disease, and intervention studies in experimental animals suggest that several of these factors contribute directly to neuronal injury. Most notably, specific cytokines, such as interleukin–1 (IL–1), have been implicated heavily in acute neurodegeneration, such as stroke and head injury.In spite of their diverse presentation, common inflammatory mechanisms may contribute to many neurodegenerative disorders and in some (e.g. multiple sclerosis) inflammatory modulators are in clinical use. Inflammation may have beneficial as well as detrimental actions in the CNS, particularly in repair and recovery. Nevertheless, several anti–inflammatory targets have been identified as putative treatments for CNS disorders, initially in acute conditions, but which may also be appropriate to chronic neurodegenerative conditions.
Horror Angelorum: Terroristic Structures in the Eyes of Walter Benjamin, Hans Urs Von Balthasar's Rilke and Slavoj Žižek
Authors: Maeseneer Yves de 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn search for a European theological contribution to the debate on the new global context, this essay undertakes a theological‐aesthetic exploration of theological motifs in the current political imagination, in particular: the theme of the angel. After a problematisation of the theological reception of Benjamin's Messianic‐apocalyptic angel figure, I develop a critical position in the wake of von Balthasar. Von Balthasar's interpretations of Rilke and Bonaventure lead to two angelological paradigms, the monad and the crucified seraph, which occur in current political debates, as exemplified in recent essays of Zizek.
Design as Narrative: Objects, Stories and Negotiated Meaning
Authors: Dillon Patrick , Howe Tony 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe model of design taught in educational institutions in the United Kingdom and elsewhere has fundamental weaknesses. At best it is a partial and superficial description of what happens when individuals engage in the process of design. At worst it is inaccurate and misleading. The authors are working on multiple‐perspective approaches to design education that emphasise the central importance of context to understanding design as human enterprise. In this paper, they introduce the idea of design as narrative. Like narratives, objects have power in social settings: they offer an interpretation of the story of their existence; they give back echoes of their past. To regard design objects as forms of text allows ‘readers’ to interpret them within their own frames of reference. The understanding that arises from this form of interpretation allows for creative involvement with objects and permits more realistic engagement with design work. It promotes a form of thinking that is personal, relevant and open to negotiated meaning in an otherwise increasingly prescriptive educational world.
A Long and Winding Road: Mature Students' Responses to Creative Experience
Authors: Brazil Jon 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis paper reports mature students' responses to a creative project, focusing on their own analyses to identify and demonstrate the conditions required to provide worthwhile creative experience for participants unused to such practices. In considering their reactions to the project brief, the paper demonstrates the lack of confidence felt by many when faced with creative work, arising out of myths about the exclusive nature of creativity. The report then identifies some ways in which a creative approach was fostered: by giving permission to non‐experienced students to work in a creative manner (by dismantling some of the mythology), by providing a personal space (both physical and mental) for this to take place, by encouraging a playful attitude to the project that enjoyed ambiguity and uncertainty, and by feeding the students' ideas with a programme of enhancement experiences. The place of one‐to‐one tutorials in developing an appropriate approach is evidenced. Throughout the paper, students' own responses provide forceful support for engagement in practical creative activity, demonstrating the sense of empowerment felt, and showing how the experience initiated long‐term developments in their thinking, both professionally and personally.
How State‐Funded Home Care Programs Respond to Changes in Medicare Home Health Care: Resource Allocation Decisions on the Front Line
Authors: Corazzini Kirsten 
Published: October 2003

Objective. To examine how case managers in a state‐funded home care program allocate home care services in response to information about a client's Medicare home health care status, with particular attention to the influence of work environment.Data Sources/Study Setting. Primary data collected on 355 case managers and 26 agency directors employed in June 1999 by 26 of the 27 regional agencies administering the Massachusetts Home Care Program for low‐income elders.Study Design. Data were collected in a cross‐sectional survey study design. A case manager survey included measures of work environment, demographics, and factorial survey vignette clients (N=2,054), for which case managers assessed service eligibility levels. An agency director survey included measures of management practices.Data Collection/Extraction Methods. Hierarchical linear models estimated the effects of work environment on the relationship between client receipt of Medicare home health care and care plan levels while controlling for case‐mix differences in agencies' clients.Principal Findings. Case managers did not supplement extant Medicare home health services, but did allocate more generous service plans to clients who have had Medicare home health care services recently terminated. This finding persisted when controlling for case mix and did not vary by work environment. Work environment affected overall care plan levels.Conclusions. Study findings indicate systematic patterns of frontline resource allocation shaping the relationships among community‐based long‐term care payment sources. Further, results illustrate how nonuniform implementation of upper‐level initiatives may be partially attributed to work environment characteristics.
Assessing the Validity of Insurance Coverage Data in Hospital Discharge Records: California OSHPD Data
Authors: Buchmueller Thomas C. , Allen Mark E. , Wright William 
Published: October 2003

Objective. To assess the accuracy of data on “expected source of payment” in the patient discharge database compiled by the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD).Data Sources. The OSHPD discharge data for the years 1993 to 1996 linked with administrative data from the University of California (UC) health benefits program for the same years. The linked dataset contains records for all stays in California hospitals by UC employees, retirees, and spouses.Study Design. The accuracy of the OSHPD data is assessed using cross‐tabulations of insurance type as coded in the two data sources. The UC administrative data is assumed to be accurate, implying that differences between the two sources represent measurement error in the OSHPD data. We cross‐tabulate insurance categories and analyze the concordance of dichotomous measures of health maintenance organization (HMO) enrollment derived from the two sources.Principal Findings. There are significant coding errors in the OSHPD data on expected source of payment. A nontrivial percentage of patients with preferred provider organization (PPO) coverage are erroneously coded as being in HMOs, and vice versa. The prevalence of such errors increased after OSHPD introduced a new expected source of payment category for PPOs. Measurement problems are especially pronounced for older patients. Many patients over age 65 who are still covered by a commercial insurance plan are erroneously coded as having Medicare coverage. This, combined with the fact that during the period we analyzed, Medicare HMO enrollees and beneficiaries in the fee‐for‐service (FFS) program are combined in a single payment category, means that the OSHPD data provides essentially no information on insurance coverage for older patients.Conclusions. Researchers should exercise caution in using the expected source of payment in the OSHPD data. While measures of HMO coverage are reasonably accurate, it is not possible in these data to clearly identify PPOs as a distinct insurance category. For patients over age 65, it is not possible at all to distinguish among alternative insurance arrangements.
Confidence and Investors' Reliance on Disciplined Trading Strategies
Authors: Nelson Mark W. , Krische Susan D. , Bloomfield Robert J. 
Published: October 2003

abstractResearchers and practitioners in accounting and finance often investigate or advocate particular disciplined trading strategies, but little work investigates the determinants of individual investors' trading‐strategy reliance. We report two experiments, which provide evidence that the dual‐source model of overconfidence (Sniezek and Buckley [1991]) predicts the circumstances in which investors are more likely to rely on disciplined trading strategies. Our results indicate that reliance is more likely when investors trade portfolios of securities rather than trading on a case‐by‐case basis, particularly when investors have received feedback that their previous (unaided) trading decisions have been unprofitable. These results are driven by the number of shares that investors transact rather than by investors' directional agreement with the recommendations of the trading strategy, suggesting that the effects of a portfolio approach and trading experience occur by mitigating investors' overconfidence. The effects violate an aspect of economic rationality because our experiments ensure that investors in all conditions trade the same set of securities based on the same set of information.
The Relation Between Insider‐Trading Restrictions and Executive Compensation
Authors: Roulstone Darren T. 
Published: October 2003

abstractIn this study I investigate the relation between firm‐level insider‐trading restrictions and executive compensation. Using a trading‐window proxy for the existence of such restrictions, I test predictions that insiders will demand compensation for these restrictions and that firms will need to increase incentives to restricted insiders. I find that firms that restrict insider trading pay a premium in total compensation relative to firms not restricting insider trading, after controlling for economic determinants of pay. Furthermore, these firms use more incentive‐based compensation and their insiders hold larger equity incentives relative to firms that do not restrict insider trading. These results hold after controlling for the endogenous decision to restrict insiders and are consistent with the notion that insider trading plays a role in rewarding and motivating executives.
Financial Reporting Environments and International Capital Mobility
Authors: Young Danqing , Guenther David A. 
Published: October 2003

abstractWe examine whether differences in international capital mobility across countries are related to country‐specific differences in financial reporting environments. We hypothesize that countries where financial accounting environments lead to greater disclosure of value‐relevant accounting information are more likely to have higher international capital mobility. The results of empirical tests are consistent with our hypothesis.
Product Hierarchy and Brand Strategy Influences on the Order of Entry Effect for Consumer Packaged Goods
Authors: Kerin Roger A. , Kalyanaram Gurumurthy , Howard Daniel J. 
Published: October 2003

Manufacturers focus on becoming more agile, software firms deploy rapid application development tools—everyone is in a hurry. Although we all understand the benefits of being first to market, we understand just as clearly that not all first‐to‐market products enjoy the same, sustainable benefits from being market pioneers. Why do some pioneering products experience a more significant order‐of‐entry effect than others?Roger A. Kerin, Gurumurthy Kalyanaram, and Daniel J. Howard examine two factors–product hierarchy and brand strategy—which may influence the magnitude of this effect for new consumer packaged goods. First, they hypothesize that pioneering a new product class offers a greater advantage than introducing a new form to an existing product class. Second, they predict that the order‐of‐entry effect will be greater for brand extensions than for entirely new brands. Finally, considering both product hierarchy and brand strategy, they expect that the order‐of‐entry advantage for brand extensions over new brands will be significantly greater within new product classes than for new forms of existing products.These hypotheses are tested using data from the Information Resources, Inc. Behaviorscan° data set. Collected from 2,500 household panel members, 75 supermarkets, and 25 drugstores, this database contains weekly measures of brand trial penetration as well as brand distribution, price, and promotion information in eight geographic markets from the period 1983–1988. The models developed in this study explore the relationships among brand trial penetration, product hierarchy, brand strategy, order of entry, lag time between successive brand entrants, and marketing mix variables (i.e., price, promotion, distribution, and advertising).The study strongly supports all three hypotheses. In particular, the analysis clearly demonstrates that the order‐of‐entry effect is greatest for a new product class pioneered by a brand extension. Order of entry has the least effect on a new product form pioneered by an entirely new brand. For a company seeking a competitive advantage from being first to market, innovation in product function offers greater potential benefit than innovation in product form. Such a company can also benefit from building on the name and reputation of its established brands. Although the study finds these order‐of‐entry effects significant, the effects of marketing mix variables such as product price and promotion are consistently stronger.
Differential Potency of Factors Affecting Innovation Performance in Manufacturing and Services Firms in Australia
Authors: Atuahene‐Gima Kwaku 
Published: October 2003

Whether or not industrialized nations are experiencing a fundamental shift from a manufacturing‐ to a service‐based economy may be a matter of debate. However, the service sector is clearly growing at an explosive rate, particularly in comparison with manufacturing. With this in mind, we need to better understand how the successful development of new services differs from that of new products. Such understanding requires identifying the critical success factors for new service development (NSD), as well as contrasting them with the factors underlying successful new product development (NPD).Kwaku Atuahene‐Gima describes the results of a study comparing the innovation activities of Australian services firms and manufacturers. The study explores managers' perceptions of the factors necessary for successful NSD and NPD. In addition to comparing the differing perceptions of managers of services firms and manufacturers, the study highlights implications of these differences for managers striving for improved NSD.Services and manufacturing firms focus on similar factors for improving innovation performance. However, the relative importance of those factors depends on the type of firm. The critical factor for services—the importance accorded to innovation activity in the firm's human resource strategy—ranks third in importance for manufacturers. Manufacturers focus primarily on product innovation advantage and quality. In contrast, service innovation advantage and quality ranks third in importance for service firms. Surprisingly, technology synergy is found to have a negative effect on new service performance. If a new service is a close fit with a firm's current technologies, competitors will likely be able to quickly imitate the new service. As a result, NSD efforts based on technology synergy will not provide a competitive advantage.Compared to manufacturers, successful service firms must place greater emphasis on the selection, development, and management of employees who work directly with the customer. Through effective self management, these contact personnel shape the quality of the customer relationship. In addition, their close contact and potentially long‐term relationships with customers make such employees an important source of new ideas in the firm's NSD process. Such relationships also cast contact personnel in a make‐or‐break role in the launching of new services.