bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“So war Drogenszene früher” –
Drogenhilfe und Nutzung des öffentlichen Raums während der
Covid-19-Pandemie aus Sicht von Menschen, die Drogen konsumieren
Authors: Werse Bernd , Klaus Luise 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Marginalisierte Konsumierende im urbanen Raum waren insbesondere zu
Beginn der Covid-19-Pandemie stark von Effekten der
Infektionsschutzmaßnahmen betroffen, u. a. durch die
Einschränkungen des öffentlichen Lebens und Angeboten zur
Schadensminderung. Neben anderen Erfahrungen und Wahrnehmungen von Betroffenen
erörtert dieser Artikel, wie durch die Pandemie die Nutzung von Harm
Reduction und des öffentlichen Raums beeinflusst wurde.
Methodik In vier deutschen Städten (Frankfurt, Darmstadt,
Nürnberg und Mannheim) wurden von März bis Juni 2021 28
Personen, die intensiv Drogen konsumieren, mittels halboffenen
leitfadengestützten qualitativen Interviews befragt. Die Daten wurden
einer thematisch-strukturierten Inhaltsanalyse unterzogen.
Ergebnisse Die meisten Befragten bestätigten die
Einschätzung, dass es durch die pandemiebedingten
Kontaktbeschränkungen besonders schwierig war, Geld für Drogen
zu beschaffen. Für Mitglieder der Szene war es oft schwierig,
Infektionsschutzmaßnahmen einzuhalten. Insbesondere die Wohnsituation
verschlechterte sich im Laufe der Pandemie. Viele Befragte hatten den Eindruck,
dass repressive Maßnahmen der Strafverfolgungsbehörden zunahmen.
Was die Beeinträchtigung von Harm-Reduction-Maßnahmen betrifft,
so fielen diese je nach Stadt und Einrichtung unterschiedlich stark aus, was
sich massiv auf Wahrnehmung und Stimmungslage der Betroffenen auswirkte.
Schlussfolgerung Nicht nur aufgrund der ohnehin prekären
Verhältnisse und der Tatsache, dass sich ein Großteil des
Szenealltags im (halb-)öffentlichen Raum abspielt, sondern auch im
Zusammenhang mit der Drogenprohibition erfuhren marginalisierte Menschen, die
Drogen konsumieren, eine strukturelle Viktimisierung durch sekundäre
Auswirkungen der Covid-19-Pandemie.
Post-parotidectomy facial nerve function: comparison between original and modified Sunnybrook Facial Grading Systems
Authors: Targino da Costa Márcia Gonçalves e Silva , Maranhão-Filho Péricles de Andrade , Santos Izabella Costa , González Carolina Rocha Aquino , Almeida Carlos Henrique Stohler de , Luiz Ronir Raggio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Facial nerve dysfunction is the principal postoperative complication related to parotidectomy.
Objective: To test the hypothesis that the modified Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (mS-FGS) is superior to the original S-FGS in the assessment of facial nerve function following parotidectomy.
Methods: Prospective, longitudinal study evaluating patients with primary or metastatic parotid neoplasms undergoing parotidectomy with facial nerve-sparing between 2016 and 2020. The subjects were assessed twice, on the first postoperative day and at the first outpatient evaluation, 20-30 days post-surgery. Facial assessments were performed using the original and modified (plus showing the lower teeth) versions of the Sunnybrook System and documented by pictures and video recordings. Intra- and inter-rater agreements regarding the assessment of the new expression were analyzed.
Results: 101 patients were enrolled. In both steps, the results from the mS-FGS were significantly lower (p < 0.001). Subjects with a history of previous parotidectomy and those who underwent neck dissection had more severe facial nerve impairment. The mandibular marginal branch was the most frequently injured, affecting 68.3% of the patients on the first postoperative day and 52.5% on the first outpatient evaluation. Twenty patients (19.8%) presented an exclusive marginal mandibular branch lesion. The inter-rater agreement of the new expression assessment ranged from substantial to almost perfect. The intra-rater agreement was almost perfect (wk = 0.951).
Conclusion: The adoption of the Modified Sunnybrook System, which includes evaluation of the mandibular marginal branch, increases the accuracy of post-parotidectomy facial nerve dysfunction appraisal.
Movement disorders in hereditary spastic paraplegias
Authors: Pedroso Jose Luiz , Vale Thiago Cardoso , Freitas Julian Letícia de , Araújo Filipe Miranda Milagres , Meira Alex Tiburtino , Neto Pedro Braga , França Marcondes C. , Tumas Vitor , Teive Hélio A. G. , Barsottini Orlando G. P. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Hereditary or familial spastic paraplegias (SPG) comprise a group of genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the corticospinal tracts. The complicated forms evolve with other various neurological signs and symptoms, including movement disorders and ataxia.
Objective To summarize the clinical descriptions of SPG that manifest with movement disorders or ataxias to assist the clinician in the task of diagnosing these diseases.
Methods We conducted a narrative review of the literature, including case reports, case series, review articles and observational studies published in English until December 2022.
Results Juvenile or early-onset parkinsonism with variable levodopa-responsiveness have been reported, mainly in SPG7 and SPG11. Dystonia can be observed in patients with SPG7, SPG11, SPG22, SPG26, SPG35, SPG48, SPG49, SPG58, SPG64 and SPG76. Tremor is not a frequent finding in patients with SPG, but it is described in different types of SPG, including SPG7, SPG9, SPG11, SPG15, and SPG76. Myoclonus is rarely described in SPG, affecting patients with SPG4, SPG7, SPG35, SPG48, and SPOAN (spastic paraplegia, optic atrophy, and neuropathy). SPG4, SPG6, SPG10, SPG27, SPG30 and SPG31 may rarely present with ataxia with cerebellar atrophy. And autosomal recessive SPG such as SPG7 and SPG11 can also present with ataxia.
Conclusion Patients with SPG may present with different forms of movement disorders such as parkinsonism, dystonia, tremor, myoclonus and ataxia. The specific movement disorder in the clinical manifestation of a patient with SPG may be a clinical clue for the diagnosis.
Improving the photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system by adding the PCM and finned tube heat exchanger
Authors: Haidy Al-Hamzawi Hassan Abdal , Shojaeefard Mohammad Hassan , Sharfabadi Mohammad Mazidi 
Published: November 2023

In this study, we aimed to improve the performance of the photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) system by incorporating phase change material (PCM) into the heat exchanger. A new design for the finned tube heat exchanger layout was introduced, and a comprehensive mathematical model was developed to analyze the heat transfer process and operational efficiency of the PV/T system. The temperature variation of the PV/T system was simulated and validated using real climatic conditions in Baghdad and Tehran. To conduct our analysis, we utilized the OpenFOAM software and enhanced our solver to accurately capture the melting process in the PCM. We also investigated the effects of wind velocity and atmospheric pressure on the performance of the PV/T system. Our findings showed that an increase in wind velocity led to an increase in PV/T efficiency, while an increase in atmospheric pressure resulted in a decrease in efficiency. Additionally, we observed that the Baghdad climate was more sensitive to variations in wind velocity compared to Tehran. In Baghdad and Tehran, the highest obtained water temperatures were 54.3 and 50.1 °C, respectively. Furthermore, a study was conducted to assess the viability of using PV/T (photovoltaic-thermal) technology for hot water production in the Multi-Effect Desalination and Adsorption Desalination cycle. The proposed PV/T system demonstrated an average performance improvement of 26% compared to traditional PV/T systems. During warmer months, the system was capable of producing 0.11 and 0.10 m3/h of potable water per month in Baghdad and Tehran, respectively. Furthermore, the system had the potential to generate 170 and 140 kW h of electricity for the respective cities.
Comment on ‘Quantum principle of relativity’
Authors: Horodecki Ryszard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dragan and Ekert in the paper (2020 New. J. Phys.
22 033038) presented ‘quantum principle of relativity’ (QPR) based on Galilean principle of relativity, which involves both superluminal GS
and subluminal Gs
families of observers and argue that then they are considered on the same footing it ‘implies the emergence of non-deterministic dynamics, together with complex probability amplitudes and multiple trajectories.’ Here we discuss QPR in the context of Heisenberg’s classification of the fundamental physical theoretical models under the role universal constants of nature: Planck’s constant h and speed of light c. We point out that both the superluminal and subluminal branches are separable in the sense that there is no mathematical coherent formalism that connect both branches. This, in particular, implies that the QPR is incomplete.
Dense plasma diagnostics with a Nomarski interferometer using a frequency-tripled Ti:sapphire laser
Authors: Lee H. , Roh K. , Kim S. , Suk H. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An overdense plasma is considered as a new tool for high-power laser pulse compression. For this purpose, a high density plasma was generated by illuminating an intense fs Ti:sapphire laser pulse onto a surface of an aluminum disk and its spatio-time-resolved dynamics was investigated by a Nomarski interferometer. To probe the laser-produced high density plasma, the original Ti:sapphire laser pulse with a wavelength of 800 nm was frequency-tripled and the UV laser pulse of 266 nm in wavelength was used in the interferometer. It turned out that the fs UV laser interferometer can provide a fairly high density information up to 8.5 × 1020 cm-3. Our experimental result shows that the initial high density plasma near the solid target surface expands rapidly and its density profile in space is gradually reduced to exponential in the ns time scale. This result will provide an important information towards the next step for experimental demonstration of the laser pulse compression using a plasma.
Impact of greenhouse warming on mesoscale eddy characteristics in high-resolution climate simulations
Authors: Yun Junghee , Ha Kyung-Ja , Lee Sun-Seon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mesoscale eddies are prevalent throughout the global ocean and have significant implications on the exchange of heat, salt, volume, and biogeochemical properties. These small-scale features can potentially influence regional and global climate systems. However, the effects of climate change on ocean eddies remain uncertain due to limited long-term observational data. To address this knowledge gap, our study focuses on examining the impact of greenhouse warming on surface mesoscale eddy characteristics, utilizing a high-resolution climate simulation project. Our model experiments provided valuable insights into the potential effects of greenhouse warming on mesoscale eddies, suggesting that mesoscale eddies will likely become more frequent under greenhouse warming conditions and exhibit larger amplitudes and radii, especially in regions characterized by strong ocean currents such as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and western boundary currents. However, a distinctive pattern emerged in the Gulf Stream, with increases in eddy occurrence and radius and significant decreases in eddy amplitude. This phenomenon can be attributed to the relationship between eddy lifespans and their properties. Specifically, in the Kuroshio Current, the amplitude of eddies increased due to the increased occurrence of long-lived eddies. In contrast, in the Gulf Stream, the amplitude of eddies decreased significantly due to the decreased occurrence of long-lived eddies. This distinction arises from the fact that long-lived eddies can accumulate more energy than shorter-lived eddies throughout their lifetime. These findings provide valuable insights into the complex dynamics of mesoscale eddies in a warming world.
Brown algae invasions and bloom events need routine monitoring for effective adaptation
Authors: Almela Victoria Dominguez , Tompkins Emma L , Dash Jadu , Tonon Thierry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Brown algae blooms and invasions have affected 29% of the Earth’s coast, yet there is sparse evidence of the impacts and adaptations of these events. Through a systematic review of empirical literature on these blooms and invasions, we explore the prevalence of conventional analyses of environmental, economic, and social impacts, as well as opportunities for adaptation and valorisation. The study reveals crucial inconsistencies in the current evidence base on algae impacts: fragmented metrics for quantifying blooms and their effects; inconsistent application and testing of prevention measures (e.g. forecasting, early warning systems); reliance on removal as a management approach with limited evidence of associated costs; and scant evidence of the effectiveness of impact mitigation or adaptation strategies. With a focus on economic and societal dimensions of algae events, we introduce emerging opportunities within the blue economy for bloom utilization. The findings highlight the crucial need for harmonized monitoring protocols, robust cost-benefit analysis of management and adaptation options, and evidence of pathways to valorisation of algae biomass.
A study of pulsed high voltage driven hollow-cathode electron beam sources through synchronous optical trigger
Authors: HUO 霍 Weijie 卫杰 , HE 贺 Weiguo 伟国 , HAN 韩 Luofeng 罗峰 , ZHU 朱 Kangwu 康武 , WANG 王 Feng 锋 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study, a pulsed, high voltage driven hollow-cathode electron beam sources through an optical trigger is designed with characteristics of simple structure, low cost, and easy triggering. To validate the new design, the characteristics of hollow-cathode discharge and electron beam characterization under pulsed high voltage drive are studied experimentally and discussed by discharge characteristics and analyses of waveform details, respectively. The validation experiments indicate that the pulsed high voltage supply significantly improves the frequency and stability of the discharge, which provides a new solution for the realization of a high-frequency, high-energy electron beam source. The peak current amplitude in the high-energy electron beam increases from 6.2 A to 79.6 A, which indicates the pulsed power mode significantly improves the electron beam performance. Besides, increasing the capacitance significantly affects the high-current, lower-energy electron beam more than the high-energy electron beam.
BatmanNet: bi-branch masked graph transformer autoencoder for molecular representation
Authors: Wang Zhen , Feng Zheng , Li Yanjun , Li Bowen , Wang Yongrui , Sha Chulin , He Min , Li Xiaolin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although substantial efforts have been made using graph neural networks (GNNs) for artificial intelligence (AI)-driven drug discovery, effective molecular representation learning remains an open challenge, especially in the case of insufficient labeled molecules. Recent studies suggest that big GNN models pre-trained by self-supervised learning on unlabeled datasets enable better transfer performance in downstream molecular property prediction tasks. However, the approaches in these studies require multiple complex self-supervised tasks and large-scale datasets , which are time-consuming, computationally expensive and difficult to pre-train end-to-end. Here, we design a simple yet effective self-supervised strategy to simultaneously learn local and global information about molecules, and further propose a novel bi-branch masked graph transformer autoencoder (BatmanNet) to learn molecular representations. BatmanNet features two tailored complementary and asymmetric graph autoencoders to reconstruct the missing nodes and edges, respectively, from a masked molecular graph. With this design, BatmanNet can effectively capture the underlying structure and semantic information of molecules, thus improving the performance of molecular representation. BatmanNet achieves state-of-the-art results for multiple drug discovery tasks, including molecular properties prediction, drug–drug interaction and drug–target interaction, on 13 benchmark datasets, demonstrating its great potential and superiority in molecular representation learning.
Hemispheric lateralization of language processing: insights from network-based symptom mapping and patient subgroups
Authors: Dai Zhiyun , Song Luping , Luo Chongjing , Liu Di , Li Mingyang , Han Zaizhu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe hemispheric laterality of language processing has become a hot topic in modern neuroscience. Although most previous studies have reported left-lateralized language processing, other studies found it to be bilateral. A previous neurocomputational model has proposed a unified framework to explain that the above discrepancy might be from healthy and patient individuals. This model posits an initial symmetry but imbalanced capacity in language processing for healthy individuals, with this imbalance contributing to language recovery disparities following different hemispheric injuries. The present study investigated this model by analyzing the lateralization patterns of language subnetworks across multiple attributes with a group of 99 patients (compared to nonlanguage processing) and examining the lateralization patterns of language subnetworks in subgroups with damage to different hemispheres. Subnetworks were identified using a whole-brain network-based lesion-symptom mapping method, and the lateralization index was quantitatively measured. We found that all the subnetworks in language processing were left-lateralized, while subnetworks in nonlanguage processing had different lateralization patterns. Moreover, diverse hemisphere-injury subgroups exhibited distinct language recovery effects. These findings provide robust support for the proposed neurocomputational model of language processing.
EEG microstates analysis after TMS in patients with subacute stroke during the resting state
Authors: Zhang Hongmei , Yang Xue , Yao Liqing , Liu Qian , Lu Yihuan , Chen Xueting , Wang Tianling 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To investigate whether intermittent theta burst stimulation over the cerebellum induces changes in resting-state electroencephalography microstates in patients with subacute stroke and its correlation with cognitive and emotional function. Twenty-four stroke patients and 17 healthy controls were included in this study. Patients and healthy controls were assessed at baseline, including resting-state electroencephalography and neuropsychological scales. Fifteen patients received lateral cerebellar intermittent theta burst stimulation as well as routine rehabilitation training (intermittent theta burst stimulation–RRT group), whereas 9 patients received only conventional rehabilitation training (routine rehabilitation training group). After 2 wk, baseline data were recorded again in both groups. Stroke patients exhibited reduced parameters in microstate D and increased parameters in microstate C compared with healthy controls. However, after the administration of intermittent theta burst stimulation over the lateral cerebellum, significant alterations were observed in the majority of metrics for both microstates D and C. Lateral cerebellar intermittent theta burst stimulation combined with conventional rehabilitation has a stronger tendency to improve emotional and cognitive function in patients with subacute stroke than conventional rehabilitation. The improvement of mood and cognitive function was significantly associated with microstates C and D. We identified electroencephalography microstate spatiotemporal dynamics associated with clinical improvement following a course of intermittent theta burst stimulation therapy.
Impact of Maternal Smoking, Offspring Smoking, and Genetic Susceptibility on Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Hu Linmin , Wu Siqing , Shu Yuelong , Su Kai , Wang Chunliang , Wang Danni , He Qiangsheng , Chen Xinyu , Li Wenjing , Mi Ningning , Xie Peng , Zhao Jinyu , Zhang Shiyong , Yuan Jinqiu , Xiang Jianbang , Xia Bin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
The long-term impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy [MSDP] on the risk of Crohn’s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] in adult offspring remains uncertain. The present study aimed to investigate the individual and combined effects of early life exposure [MSDP], offspring personal behaviour [smoking], and genetic risk on the development of CD and UC in adult offspring.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study using UK Biobank data, including 334 083 participants recruited between 2006 and 2010, with follow-up until December 31, 2021. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to evaluate the associations of genetic factors, maternal and personal smoking, and their combination with CD and UC.

Results
Participants exposed to MSDP had an 18% increased risk of CD compared to those without MSDP (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.39). However, no significant association was found between MSDP and UC risk [HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.92–1.16]. Personal smoking increased the risk of CD and UC, and had a numerically amplified effect with MSDP. Participants with high genetic risk and MSDP had a 2.01-fold [95% CI = 1.53–2.65] and a 2.45-fold [95% CI = 2.00–2.99] increased risk of CD and UC, respectively, compared to participants without MSDP and with low genetic risk.

Conclusions
Our prospective cohort study provides evidence that MSDP increases the risk of CD in adult offspring, whereas no evidence supports their causal association. Additionally, smoking and genetic susceptibility had a numerically amplified effect with MSDP on CD and UC, but the interaction lacked statistical significance.
Clinical and biochemical associations of urinary metabolites: quantitative epidemiological approach on renal-cardiometabolic biomarkers
Authors: Li Tianqi , Ihanus Andrei , Ohukainen Pauli , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Kähönen Mika , Kettunen Johannes , Raitakari Olli T , Lehtimäki Terho , Mäkinen Ville-Petteri , Tynkkynen Tuulia , Ala-Korpela Mika 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Urinary metabolomics has demonstrated considerable potential to assess kidney function and its metabolic corollaries in health and disease. However, applications in epidemiology remain sparse due to technical challenges.

Methods
We added 17 metabolites to an open-access urinary nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics platform, extending the panel to 61 metabolites (n = 994). We also introduced automated quantification for 11 metabolites, extending the panel to 12 metabolites (+creatinine). Epidemiological associations between these 12 metabolites and 49 clinical measures were studied in three independent cohorts (up to 5989 participants). Detailed regression analyses with various confounding factors are presented for body mass index (BMI) and smoking.

Results
Sex-specific population reference concentrations and distributions are provided for 61 urinary metabolites (419 men and 575 women), together with methodological intra-assay metabolite variations as well as the biological intra-individual and epidemiological population variations. For the 12 metabolites, 362 associations were found. These are mostly novel and reflect potential molecular proxies to estimate kidney function, as the associations cannot be simply explained by estimated glomerular filtration rate. Unspecific renal excretion results in leakage of amino acids (and glucose) to urine in all individuals. Seven urinary metabolites associated with smoking, providing questionnaire-independent proxy measures of smoking status in epidemiological studies. Common confounders did not affect metabolite associations with smoking, but insulin had a clear effect on most associations with BMI, including strong effects on 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, valine, alanine, trigonelline and hippurate.

Conclusions
Urinary metabolomics provides new insight on kidney function and related biomarkers on the renal-cardiometabolic system, supporting large-scale applications in epidemiology.