bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Listeria Meningitis as an Indication of Undiagnosed Primary Immune Deficiency, Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Delta Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Canizci Erdemli Pinar , Öcal Demir Sevliya , Bozkurt Selcen , Aslan Tuncay Sevgi , Yilmaz Seyhan , Parlak Burcu , Dizi Işik Aylin , Büyüktaş Aytaç Didem , Abaci Çapar Meryem Çağla , Ergenç Zeynep , Atalay Ayşe Sümeyye , Gökçe İbrahim , Karakoc- Aydiner Elif , Özen Ahmet , Kepenekli Eda , Akkoç Gülşen 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacillus that causes severe infections mainly in newborns, pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals, and elderly. In this report, we present a case of immune dysregulation that presented with invasive Listeria infection despite the absence of these risk factors.

Case:
A previously healthy 5-year-old girl developed L. monocytogenes meningitis, which is unusual given her age and lack of typical risk factors. The patient initially presented with fever, diarrhea and altered mental status, unresponsive to empiric antibiotic treatment. Besides clinical diagnosis of meningitis, laboratory tests revealed pleocytosis and positive polymerase chain reaction test for L. monocytogenes in cerebrospinal fluid. Despite initial improvement, the patient developed proteinuria and hypertension and was later diagnosed with focal class 3 lupus nephritis following a renal biopsy. Given the atypical nature of her L. monocytogenes infection, persistent organomegaly, and lupus nephritis, further immunological evaluation was conducted. Genetic testing revealed a de-novo gain-of-function mutation in the PIK3CD gene, confirming the diagnosis of Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Delta Syndrome 1 (APDS1), a rare primary immunodeficiency characterized by lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity. The patient was started on immunoglobulin replacement therapy and prophylactic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. No recurrence of severe infection occurred during 2 years of follow-up.

Conclusion:
This case underscores the importance of considering underlying immune dysregulations in pediatric patients with atypical presentation of Listeria infections.
A Human Neuron Alzheimer’s Disease Model Reveals Barriers to Senolytic Translatability
Authors: Walton Chaska C. , Wang Ellen , Lee Suckwon , Siebrand Cynthia J. , Bergo Nicholas J. , Andersen Julie K. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTherapeutic successes in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) largely fail to translate into clinical trials, with experimental drugs rarely validated in human models before being administered to humans. To address this, we developed an accessible method for long-term culture of commercially available primary human neurons and astrocytes, along with an amyloid-beta 1-42 (Aβ)-basedin vitroAD model. Using this system, we evaluated two senolytic regimens previously shown to be effective in AD mouse models—Navitoclax and Dasatinib plus Quercetin (DQ)—and the natural killer cell line NK92 for emerging immune-mediated senescent cell ablation therapies. NK92 cells preferentially—but not exclusively—targeted Aβ-treated neurons and astrocytes with senescent-like phenotypes. DQ demonstrated a safe profile for human neurons, but Navitoclax exhibited non-selective neurotoxicity. These findings highlight risks of Navitoclax and NK-based interventions and underscore the critical need for human-relevant models in the AD drug-development pipeline to improve safety and clinical translatability.
A Network Analysis of HIV Civil Society Organizations to Enhance HIV Prevention Service Delivery in Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Haggard Rachel , Khomani Patricia , Kamgwira Yohane , Mablekisi Chimwemwe , Ngaiyaye Rosemary , Moyo Stanley , Green Dylan , Smith Tyler , Cooper Hannah , Holmes Charles B. , Allinder Sara , Hoege Deborah , Kalawazira Gift 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundCivil Society Organizations (CSOs) play a critical role in HIV prevention and service delivery in Blantyre, Malawi. Yet district-based public health leaders often lack a nuanced understanding of CSO connections, service offerings, and linkages to health facilities; information needed for effective district-level coordination and facility level uptake of HIV prevention resources.MethodsWe conducted an organizational network analysis (ONA) of CSOs providing HIV prevention support in Blantyre to identify connections between CSOs, the strength of those connections, and the services these organizations offer. We sampled organizations in September 2021 and November 2023. We used Kumu Software to interactively display the relationships among CSOs. We assessed CSO connections to health facilities to gain a comprehensive understanding of linkages that impact how HIV prevention services are delivered.ResultsWe had a sampling frame of 227 organizations with a final sample size of 154 organizations. Ninety-two (60%) organizations had at least one connection with another organization and 146 (95%) had at least one connection with a facility. There is a hub of connected organizations that work together to provide HIV prevention services in Blantyre. Of the 35 repeat organizations from both data collections, 12 increased their connections to other organizations and 14 increased their connections to other health facilities over two years.ConclusionKnowledge of the highly connected organizational hub allows the government and partners to leverage these organizations to support and enhance HIV prevention service delivery. Tracking network changes networks over time can enhance collaboration among organizations to maximize resources based on the greatest need.
Serotype distribution among adults with community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia in Japan between 2019 and 2022: A multicenter observational study
Authors: Maeda Haruka , Ito Isao , Sando Eiichiro , Hamao Nobuyoshi , Shirata Masahiro , Dhoubhadel Bhim Gopal , Ntiamoah Desmond Opoku , Oi Issei , Nishioka Kensuke , Fujii Hiroshi , Okamura Kayoko , Inoue Taisei , Yamada Takashi , Niibayashi Seisuke , Tsukino Mitsuhiro , Fujii Yuya , Tsuchiya Michiko , Nakahara Yasuharu , Hasegawa Yoshinori , Nakagawa Atsushi , Sugita Takakazu , Ito Akihiro , Sakai Naoki , Kaji Yusuke , Toyoda Yuko , Urata Tomoyuki , Asoh Norichika , Nishiyama Akira , Yagiuchi Ai , Morikawa Toru , Ushiki Atsuhito , Ishida Masayuki , Morimoto Konosuke 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundStreptococcus pneumoniaeis a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. With the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) into pediatric national immunization programs, the serotype distribution of pneumococcal disease among adults has changed due to herd immunity. In Japan, PCV15 and PCV20 have been introduced, and PCV21 has been under review for approval in adults. This study aimed to assess the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes among adults with pneumococcal pneumonia in Japan between May 2019 and December 2022.MethodsThis multicenter observational study enrolled patients aged ≥18 years with community-acquired, culture-positive pneumococcal pneumonia from May 2019 to December 2022. Pneumococcal isolates were serotyped using the Quellung reaction, and proportions of individual and vaccine-covered serotypes were analyzed.ResultsA total of 583 adult patients with pneumococcal pneumonia were included. The median age was 74 years (interquartile range: 66–82 years), 383 (65.7%) patients were male, and 387 (66.4%) patients had one or more underlying medical conditions. The most common serotypes were serotype 3 (12.5%), 35B (12.0%), 15A (7.7%), 11A (6.7%), and 23A (6.3%). The proportion of serotypes covered by PCV13, PCV15, PCV20, PPSV23, and PCV21 were 24.0, 28.0, 43.7, 44.1, and 71.9%, respectively. The proportions of vaccine-covered serotypes were similar between patients aged <65 and ≥65 years. Notably, serotype 3 was more prevalent among patients living in nursing homes (25.9%) compared with those living at home (11.2%).ConclusionSerotypes 3 and 35B were the most common in adults with pneumococcal pneumonia in Japan during the study period. The proportions of PCV20- and PCV21-covered serotypes suggest that these new vaccines may offer additional protection against adult pneumococcal pneumonia. With the availability of newly developed PCVs for adults in Japan, it is time to reassess the optimal pneumococcal vaccination policy for adults.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Attitudes Toward Dengue Prevention Among Adults aged 18 and above Living in Korail Slum, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Dhodari Anish , Ali Azzam , Ashor Mokhtar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDengue fever poses a significant public health challenge in urban slums, where environmental and socio-economic vulnerabilities amplify risks. This cross-sectional study investigates attitudes toward dengue prevention among 424 adults residing in Korail, a densely populated slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed to explore demographic, geographic, and socio-economic factors shaping preventive attitudes.
A Machine Learning Model for Post-Concussion Musculoskeletal Injury Risk in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Claros-Olivares Claudio C. , Anderson Melissa N. , Qian Wei , Brockmeier Austin J. , Buckley Thomas A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence indicates an elevated risk of post-concussion musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries in collegiate athletes; however, identifying athletes at highest risk remains to be elucidated.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to model post-concussion MSK injury risk in collegiate athletes by integrating a comprehensive set of variables by machine learning.MethodsA risk model was developed and tested on a dataset of 194 athletes (155 in the training set and 39 in the test set) with 135 variables entered into the analysis, which included participant’s heath and athletic history, concussion injury and recovery specific criteria, and outcomes from a diverse array of concussions assessments. The machine learning approach involved transforming variables by the Weight of Evidence method, variable selection using L1-penalized logistic regression, model selection via the Akaike Information Criterion, and a final L2-regularized logistic regression fit.ResultsA model with 48 predictive variables yielded significant predictive performance of subsequent MSK injury with an area under the curve of 0.82. Top predictors included cognitive, balance, and reaction at Baseline and Acute timepoints. At a specified false positive rate of 6.67%, the model achieves a true positive rate (sensitivity) of 79% and a precision (positive predictive value) of 95% for identifying at-risk athletes via a well calibrated composite risk score.ConclusionThese results support the development of a sensitive and specific injury risk model using standard data combined with a novel methodological approach that may allow clinicians to target high injury risk student-athletes. The development and refinement of predictive models, incorporating machine learning and utilizing comprehensive datasets, could lead to improved identification of high-risk athletes and allow for the implementation of targeted injury risk reduction strategies by identifying student-athletes most at risk for post-concussion MSK injury.Key PointsThere is a well-established elevated risk of post-concussion subsequent musculoskeletal injury; however, prior efforts have failed to identify risk factors.This study developed a composite risk score model with an AUC of 0.82 from common concussion clinical measures and participant demographics.By identifying athletes at elevated risk, clinicians may be able to reduce injury risk through targeted injury risk reduction programs.
On the transient interactions of α-synuclein in different dimensions
Authors: Ortigosa-Pascual L. , Ferrante-Carrante N. , Bernfur K. , Makasewicz K. , Sparr E. , Linse S. 
Published: February 2025

0.Abstractα-Synuclein (αSyn) is a neuronal protein predominantly found in the brain, whose native function seems to be associated with vesicle trafficking. While intrinsically disordered in solution, the first ca. 100 residues adopt an amphipathic α-helical structure when the protein adsorbs onto membranes. Additionally, the aggregation of αSyn into highly ordered β-sheet rich amyloid fibrils is associated with Parkinsońs disease. The different regions of αSyn and the interactions between them have been reported to play a key role in the behaviour of the protein in solution, its membrane binding, and its aggregation into fibrils.This study employs photo-induced cross-linking of unmodified proteins (PICUP) to capture and identify the transient contacts of αSyn in different conformational states: free in solution, adsorbed to membranes, and aggregated into fibrils. By using tyrosine-to-phenylalanine mutations to block the reactivity of specific amino acid residues, we establish key cross-links in each state. In solution, we identify internal contacts between the N and C termini of monomers, as well as inter-monomer contacts between C termini in oligomers. When αSyn is adsorbed to membranes, the internal cross-linking is blocked, while cross-linking between C-terminal regions persists. In fibrils, cross-linking is significantly reduced, primarily occurring between C-terminal residues of adjacent monomers. This work highlights the utility of PICUP for reporting on the transient contacts that occur on the pathways of self- and co-assembly of αSyn.
Potentials and limitations in the application of Convolutional Neural Networks for mosquito species identification using wing images
Authors: Nolte Kristopher , Baumbach Jan , Lins Christian , Georg Lohmann Jens Johann , Kollmannsberger Philip , Sauer Felix Gregor , Lühken Renke 
Published: February 2025

Abstract1.This study addresses the pressing global health burden of mosquito-borne diseases by investigating the application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for mosquito species identification using wing images. Conventional identification methods are hampered by the need for significant expertise and resources, while CNNs offer a promising alternative. Our research aimed to develop a reliable and applicable classification system that can be used under real-world conditions, with a focus on improving model adaptability to unencountered devices, mitigating dataset biases, and ensuring usability across different users without standardized protocols.2.We utilized a large, diverse dataset of mosquito wing images of 21 taxa and three imagecapturing devices and an optimized preprocessing pipeline to standardize images and remove undesirable image features.3.The developed CNN models demonstrated high performance, with an average balanced accuracy of 98.3% and a macro F1-score of 97.6%, effectively distinguishing between the 21 mosquito taxa, including morphologically similar pairs. The preprocessing pipeline improved the model’s robustness, reducing performance drops on unfamiliar devices effectively. However, the study also highlights the persistence of inherent dataset biases, which the preprocessing steps could only partially mitigate. The classification system’s practical usability was demonstrated through a feasibility study, showing high inter-rater reliability.4.The results underscore the potential of the proposed workflow to enhance vector surveillance, especially in resource-constrained settings, and suggest its applicability to other winged insect species. The classification system developed in this study is available for public use, providing a valuable tool for vector surveillance and research, supporting efforts to mitigate the spread of mosquito-borne diseases.
Simultaneous profiling of native-state proteomes and transcriptomes of neural cell types using proximity labeling
Authors: Ramelow Christina C. , Dammer Eric B. , Xiao Hailian , Cheng Lihong , Kumar Prateek , Espinosa-Garcia Claudia , Sampson Maureen M. , Nelson Ruth S. , Malepati Sneha , Kour Dilpreet , Kumari Rashmi , Guo Qi , Bagchi Pritha , Duong Duc M. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Sloan Steven A. , Rangaraju Srikant 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDeep molecular phenotyping of cells at transcriptomic and proteomic levels is an essential first step to understanding cellular contributions to development, aging, injury, and disease. Since proteome and transcriptome level abundances only modestly correlate with each other, complementary profiling of both is needed. We report a novel method called simultaneous protein and RNA –omics (SPARO) to capture the cell type-specific transcriptome and proteome simultaneously from both in vitro and in vivo experimental model systems. This method leverages the ability of biotin ligase, TurboID, to biotinylate cytosolic proteins including ribosomal and RNA-binding proteins, which allows enrichment of biotinylated proteins for proteomics as well as protein-associated RNA for transcriptomics. We validated this approach first using well-controlled in vitro systems to verify that the proteomes and transcriptomes obtained reflect the ground truth, bulk proteomes and transcriptomes. We also show that the effect of a biological stimulus (e.g., neuroinflammatory activation by lipopolysaccharide) can be faithfully captured. We also applied this approach to obtain native-state proteomes and transcriptomes from two key neural cell types, astrocytes and neurons, thereby validating the in vivo application of SPARO. Next, we used these data to interrogate protein-mRNA concordance and discordance across these cell types, providing insights into groups of molecular processes that exhibit uniform or cell type-specific patterns of mRNA-protein discordance.
Nuclear myosin I mediates genomic clustering of estrogen receptor-α without affecting ligand-induced transcriptional robustness
Authors: Swaminathan Sudha , Pandith Ishfaq Ahamd , Mann Rajat , Soota Deepanshu , Najar Arif Hussain , Notani Dimple 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLigand-induced transcriptional responses are rapid and robust. Estrogen, one such ligand, exerts its rapid effects through the steroid hormone receptor estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα). Upon stimulation, ERα binds to clustered enhancers to drive target gene expression. Here, we identify nuclear myosin 1 (NM1/Myo1c) as a positive regulator of ERα clustering on enhancers, promoting condensate formation on chromatin. NM1 is enriched on chromatin at the peak of the signaling response, and its depletion leads to a genome-wide reduction in ERα occupancy and condensates. Surprisingly, these alterations in chromatin occupancy of ERα have minimal impact on estrogen-regulated gene expression, suggesting that transcriptional output remains robust despite disruptions in transcription factor clustering. This study reveals a regulatory axis between Myo1c and ERα clustering, offering fresh insights into the intricacies of transcriptional regulation.
Unveiling the burden: Depression and its determinants among Bangladeshi medical students - insights from the MINI diagnostic tool
Authors: Maliha Zarin Tasnim , Nahar Sayeda Nazmun , Mitra Dipak Kumar , Kakoly Nadira Sultana , Koly Kamrun Nahar , Talukder Md Humayun Kabir , Ahmed Helal Uddin , Gupta Rajat Das , Hasan M. Tasdik 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMental health challenges are widespread among medical students worldwide, exacerbated by a lack of help-seeking behavior within this population. In resource-constrained healthcare systems like Bangladesh, medical students face additional barriers to expressing their struggles or seeking support. This study is the first in Bangladesh to use the MINI, a confirmatory clinical diagnostic tool, to assess the prevalence of depression among medical students. This cross-sectional study employed a convenient sampling technique, with 529 students from across Bangladesh participating via online surveys. The survey included questions on relevant sociodemographic factors and the PHQ-9 depression screening tool. Subsequently, depression was confirmed through clinical diagnosis using the MINI, conducted via online interviews over Zoom and phone calls. The study was carried out from June 2020 to February 2021, and data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 22.0). Among the medical students surveyed using PHQ-9, 31.5% exhibited moderate levels of depression, 38.7% showed mild depression, and 29.8% reported minimal depression. Clinical diagnoses conducted using the MINI tool confirmed depression in 50 PHQ-9-positive cases. Of these, 17 (34%) were categorized as having “no depression,” 27 (54%) were diagnosed with recent depression, 16 (32%) had a history of past depression, and 15 (30%) experienced recurrent depression. Depression was more prevalent among female medical students, particularly those living away from their families from the start of their degree. First-year students were found to have the strongest association with depression. This study reported that one-third of Bangladeshi medical students experienced moderate to severe depression. The findings underscore the need for targeted psychosocial interventions and further exploration of socio-demographic factors. These results aim to guide researchers and policymakers in addressing the mental health needs of this population through effective support systems and surveillance frameworks.
HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Practices in Florida, USA: Clinicians’ Perceptions of Initiation, Risk Identification, Barriers, and Facilitators
Authors: Siddiqi Khairul Alam , Canidate Shantrel S. , Liu Yiyang , Kriegel Liat S. , Monjur Sumaiya , Cook Christa , Cook Robert L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study aimed to learn clinicians’ perspectives on PrEP initiation, the HIV risk assessment process, perceived barriers to PrEP implementation, and how a potential EHR-based PrEP clinical decision support (CDS) tool can help improve their practices. Data were collected between October 2021 and November 2021 via three remote focus groups with 15 clinicians with experience prescribing PrEP. The focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Five themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: (1) PrEP initiation is a joint effort between patients and clinicians; (2) Electronic health records (EHRs) are helpful but insufficient for identifying PrEP candidates; (3) Patient-clinician conversations are key for identifying PrEP candidates; (4) Patient, clinician, and system-level barriers deter PrEP implementation; and (5) Adopting technological innovations in health care can improve PrEP prescribing. Our analysis suggests that implementing effective communication strategies and behavioral interventions can improve PrEP awareness and reduce barriers in patient-clinician discussions of sexual history and substance use.