bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change and its influence on water systems increases the cost of electricity system decarbonization
Authors: Szinai Julia , Yates David , Pérez Pedro Sánchez , Staadecker Martin , Kammen Daniel , Jones Andrew , Hidalgo-Gonzalez Patricia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The electricity sector faces a dual challenge: decarbonization and adaptation to climate change. In many regions, this challenge is complicated by interdependence of electricity and water systems, through hydropower and energy-intensive water resources. By coupling detailed water and electricity system models, we evaluate how climate change alters pathways to carbon-free generation across the Western Interconnect, emphasizing water interactions. We find that grid planning that ignores climate projections and water linkages underestimates the capacity and investment needed to achieve decarbonization and maintain grid reliability. By 2050, electricity use could grow by up to 2% annually but up to 8% in July from cooling and water-related electricity demand, while hydropower generation could decrease annually by 23%. To adapt, the region would need to build up to 139 GW of capacity between 2030 and 2050, which is equivalent to nearly thrice California’s peak demand and adds up to $150 billion (7%) in costs.
Formation of Future FL teachers’ Professional Competence on the Basis of Digital Resources
Authors: Bekkozhanova Gulnar , Akbembetova Aishagul , Syzdykbayev Nurgali , Nurpeissova Saule , Akynzhanova Alma , Chaldanbaeva Aigul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The formation of professional competence is a cyclical process. The constant improvement of professionalism is necessary in the process of pedagogical activity. The importance of the research is that the teaching process is associated with the socialization and individualization of future foreign language teacher’s professional development, who consciously organizes his own life, and his own intellectual development. In this connection, the process of self-development should be determined in training professionals. This process also needs modern advances of modern digital technologies and systematization of digital resources. The purpose of the research is to work out the effective methodology on the formation future FL teacher’s professional competence based on digital resources. The background of the research isa scientific and systematic investigation on theprofessional competence developmentthrough search for modern approaches and technologies. We can highlight three major factors of conducting our research: 1) the need of professional training in the context of digitalization, 2) implementation of the model of competence-based education, and 3) methodological recommendations on professional training. The hypothesis of the research is that the professional competence formation of future foreign language teachers can be effective if we make use of modern digital resources in training process. The effectiveness of program content can be increased, if student’s professional competencies and the ability to work are formed using authentic materials and digital resources. As a result of the research, the systematization of a competence-based model and using digital environment in education process were proven to stimulate professional competencies and self-development. In this connection, we used theoretical analysis of research materials and experimental methods which is divided into 3 practical stages. The method of modelling, experimental testing students’ professional competence assisted the effectiveness of using digital resources. As the main recommendations, we offer the model of professional competence and effective methods on the formation of future FL teachers’ foreign language professional competence at higher schools.
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of V3O7 / V2O5 – reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite towards methylene blue dye degradation
Authors: Aruchamy Kathirvel , Sudarsan Darsana , Ajith Manujith , Sreeku Arya Arayannamangalath Mana , Ayyasamy Uma Maheswari , Manickam Sivakumar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This work investigates the photocatalytic performance of V2O5 and V3O7 nanoparticles and their nanocomposites with rGO. The as-annealed V2O5 and V3O7 nanoparticles exhibited pure orthorhombic and monoclinic structures with an optical bandgap of 2.3 and 2.5 eV, respectively. The corresponding vibrational modes using Raman and FTIR spectroscopy analysis further confirm the form. The morphological studies reveal that V2O5 and V3O7 nanoparticles possess plate and petal-like morphology, respectively. Moreover, in the case of V2O5/V3O7 - rGO nanocomposites, the plate/petal-like nanoparticles are embedded within rGO sheets. Incorporating nanoparticles within rGO sheets has quenched the green photoluminescence emission, enhancing their photocatalytic performance upon irradiation with white light of 100 mW/cm2. This is ascribed to the effective transport of interfacial electrons from vanadium oxide nanoparticles to the rGO surface, reducing the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. These results indicate that the vanadium oxide/rGO nanocomposites have potential applications in wastewater treatment.
Developing an early warning system to strengthen disaster risk resilience: experiences from flood-prone areas of KwaZulu-Natal province.
Authors: Lunga Wilfred , Nkosi Moremi , Chirima George , Madzivhandila Thanyani , Ratshiedana Phathutshedzo , Ramaphakela Tshegofatso , Majikijela Yamkela , Musarurwa Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Globally, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events including flash floods, rising sea levels, and storms is increasing. Poorly planned informal settlements have become more vulnerable. In most regions, infrastructure to cope and protect the vulnerable from such impacts is inadequate. This article aimed to elucidate the main issues faced by South Africa in terms of flood forecasting as well as present an innovative method to assess exposure to floods. A qualitative approach was utilized to gather data during interviews with community leaders and residents of Quarry Road informal settlement. A flood hazard index was developed in a GIS environment. Distance from rivers was calculated, and rainfall intensity and water table level were estimated from metrological measurements, groundwater logging data, and SAR data. A spatial analysis evaluated each grid-point on every parameter and according to the local conditions and each point was assigned values on a scale between 2 and 10. The findings revealed areas most prone to floods in the settlement and the need for a comprehensive post-flood damage database meant for validation purposes and calibrating future prediction models.
Electrically Driven Spin Resonance of 4f Electrons in a Single Atom on a Surface
Authors: Bae Yujeong , Reale Stefano , Hwang Jiyoon , Oh Jeongmin , Brune Harald , Heinrich Andreas , Donati Fabio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

A pivotal challenge in quantum technologies lies in reconciling long coherence times with efficient manipulation of the quantum states of a system. Lanthanide atoms, with their well-localized 4f electrons, emerge as a promising solution to this dilemma if provided with a rational design for manipulation and detection. Here we construct tailored spin structures to perform electron spin resonance on a single lanthanide atom using a scanning tunneling microscope. A magnetically coupled structure made of an erbium and a titanium atom enables us to both drive the erbium’s 4felectron spins and indirectly probe them through the titanium’s 3d electrons. In this coupled configuration, the erbium spin states exhibit a five-fold increase in the spin relaxation time and a two-fold increase in the driving efficiency compared to the 3d electron counterparts. Our work provides a new approach to accessing highly protected spin states, enabling their coherent control in an all-electric fashion.
Title-Hypoplastic Acute Myeloid Leukemia - Case Report with Literature Review.
Authors: M Abinaya , Kumar Ashwinee , Sinha Ruchi , Singh Avinash 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Hypoplastic acute leukemia (HAL), also known as smoldering leukemia, is a form of atypical leukemia. It is a rare entity and currently defined as having cellularity of < 20 % in bone marrow with>20 % blasts at presentation. Hypocellular acute myeloid leukemia are more frequent than hypocellular variant of acute lymphoid leukemia. Although cases of hypoplastic acute myeloid in children and younger age group have been reported in literature, they are extremely rare.
Case Presentation: A 16 year old boy presenting with fever, dyspnea, weakness and easy fatigueability. Bone marrow aspirate revealed hypocellular smears with presence of 38 % blasts. Immunohistochemistry was performed on biopsy. Blasts were positive for CD34 and MPO with strong membranous positivity for CD7. A final diagnosis of ‘Hypoplastic acute myeloid leukemia AML-M0’ was made.
Conclusion: These cases pose a diagnostic challenge to the hematopathologist and treating physician, as hematological features of hypoplasticAML, hypocellularmyelodysplastic syndrome and aplastic anemia are similar. Therefore, it is crucial to distinguish between these diseases as treatment modalities are different for each entity.
Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase-1 (WARS1) depletion and high tryptophan concentration lead to genomic instability in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Izadi Mahmoud , Ali Tayyiba , Shurrab Farah , Aharpour Ebrahim , Pourkarimi Ehsan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The fidelity of translation is ensured by a family of proteins named aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, making them crucial for development and survival. More recently, mutations in the tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WARS1) have been linked to various human diseases, from intellectual disability to various types of cancer. To understand the function of WARS1, we investigated the effect of WARS-1 depletion during the mitotic and meiotic cell cycle in the developing germline of C. elegans and demonstrated the role of WARS-1 in genome integrity. wars-1 knockdown results in cell cycle arrest of the mitotically active germ cells. Such mitotic arrest is also associated with canonical DNA damage-induced checkpoint signaling in mitotic and meiotic germ cells. Significantly, such DNA checkpoint activation is associated with the morphological anomalies in chromatin structures that are the hallmarks of genome instability, such as the formation of chromatin bridges, micronuclei, and chromatin buds. We believe that WARS-1 depletion increases the intracellular concentration of tryptophan and an elevated level of its catabolites, leading to genomic instability. Our result demonstrates that exposing C. elegans to a high tryptophan dosage leads to DNA damage checkpoint activation. All in all, we have strong evidence that knocking down wars-1 results in defects in genomic integrity.
The molecular mechanism underlying KRAS regulation on STK31 expression in Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Yangchao , Yuting Liu , Tang Shing Chun , To Ka Fai , Li Bo , Chan Stephen , Wong Chi Hin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
KRAS mutations are common in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) but targeting mutant KRAS is still challenging. Kinase inhibitors are ideal targeted therapeutics for mutant KRAS-driven cancer. In our study, an esiRNA screening was performed to identify kinases that play a critical role in KRAS mutant driven PDAC. STK31 was identified as a potential therapeutic target for KRAS mutant PDAC. In this study, we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of STK31 in KRAS mutant PDAC and its therapeutic potential. Our results showed that STK31 was upregulated in KRAS mutant PDAC patients with poor survival and highly expressed in PDAC cell lines with KRAS G12D mutant background. Inhibition of STK31 in KRAS mutant cell lines significantly reduced PDAC cell growth and hindered in vivo tumor growth. Gain and loss of function experiments revealed that STK31 is a downstream target of KRAS in PDAC. Pharmacological inhibition assay showed MAPK/ERK signaling involved in STK31 regulation. The further mechanistic study validated that c-Jun, regulated by KRAS/MAPK signaling, directly modulates the transcription level of STK31 by binding to its promoter region. By analyzing RNA sequencing data, we found cell cycle regulators CCNB1 and CDC25C are downstream targets of STK31. Our results indicate that STK31 promotes PDAC cell growth by regulating the KRAS/MAPK/ERK/c-Jun signaling pathway and its impact on cell cycle regulator CCNB1.
Highly Acidic, γ-Al2O3 Nanorods and SiO2 Nanoparticles Recovered from Solid Wastes as Promising Catalysts for Production of Bioethelene and Diethyl Ether Biofuels
Authors: Hussein Abouelhassan Ahmed Gomaa , Abdelkader Adel , Khodari Mahmoud 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Herein, low-cost effective, highly acidic γ-Al2O3 and silica were recovered from alumina can and silica bead wastes respectively, using simple precipitation method, the prepared catalysts were characterized using different characterization techniques such as TGA, DSC, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM and BET surface area measurements. Quantitative and qualitative measurements of total surface acidity and their types (Brönsted and Lewis) were measured using temperature programmed desorption of pyridine (PY-TPD) and dimethyl pyridine (DMPY-TPD) as probe molecules. Then prepared catalysts were tested in the dehydration of bioethanol to bioethylene and diethyl ether at temperature range of 300–400°C. The results indicated the superiority of γ-Al2O3 catalyst than silica at all reaction temperatures. Different kinetic parameters, such as the effect of weight hourly space velocity and the effect of stability and durability for four successive catalytic cycles were studied for γ-Al2O3 catalyst at a temperature range of 200–400°C, where catalyst shown remarkable stability for all catalytic cycles.
Controlled coaggregation pathways of perovskite nanocrystals and supramolecular dye assemblies
Authors: Yamauchi Mitsuaki , Kubo Naoki , Aratani Naoki , Yamada Hiroko , Masuo Sadahiro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
High-order aggregates of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), known as superlattices, enable the fabrication of exceptional nanomaterials with structure-related physical properties and functionalities. The achievement of a heterogeneous superlattice composed of NCs and functional organic dyes leads to distinctive photophysical properties arising from the interaction between the NCs and dyes, thus activating multicomponent material chemistry. However, a methodology for controlling their heterostructures is yet to be established. Herein, we report a novel supramolecularly controlled coaggregation system involving perovskite NCs and perylene bisimide derivatives (PBIs) that form disorder, low-order, or high-order heterostructures. Their heterostructures were determined by the aggregation conditions of the PBIs (monomers, small aggregates, or large aggregates) before mixing with the NC. Notably, the high-order heterostructure exhibits an exceptional arrangement structure, such as Roman pavement, in which one-dimensionally arranged NCs and one-dimensionally stacked PBIs are alternately arranged at nanometer-scale intervals, as visualized using transmission electron microscopy. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that a high-order heterostructure (heterogeneous superlattice) was formed via an alteration in the π−π stacking interactions between the PBIs on the flat surface of the NC. Moreover, the high-order heterogeneous superlattice exhibited more efficient energy transfer from the NC to the assembled PBIs compared to the low-order heterostructure.
Predicting drug-protein interactions by preserving the node connectivity and topological structure based on the multi source data
Authors: Wei Jiahao , Lu Linzhang , Shen Tie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Examining potential drug-target interactions (DTIs) is a pivotal component of drug discovery and repurposing.Recently, there has been a significant rise in the use of computational techniques to predict DTIs. Nevertheless, previous investigations have predominantly concentrated on assessing either the connections between nodes or the consistency of the network’s topological structure in isolation. Such one-sided approaches could severely hinder the accuracy of DTI predictions. In this study, we propose a novel method called TTGCN, which combines heterogeneous graph convolutional neural networks (GCN) and graph attention networks (GAT) to address the task of DTI prediction. TTGCN employs a two-tiered feature learning strategy, utilizing GAT and residual GCN (R-GCN) to extract drug and target embeddings from the diverse network, respectively. These drug and target embeddings are then fused through a mean-pooling layer. Finally, we employ an inductive matrix completion technique to forecast DTIs while preserving the network’s node connectivity and topological structure.Our approach demonstrates superior performance in terms of Area Under the Curve (AUC) and Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve (AUPR) in experimental comparisons, highlighting its significant advantages in predicting DTIs. Furthermore, case studies provide additional evidence of its ability to identify potential DTIs.
Impact of model’s resolution on the sea surface temperature climate change signal in the South Eastern Tropical Atlantic
Authors: Cabos William , Vázquez Rubén , Vara Alba de la , Sein Dmitry V , Koseki Shunya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

In this paper we study the influence of atmospheric and oceanic resolutions on the sea surface temperature (SST) under climate change and the related mechanisms. To this end, a set of historical period and future simulations in which two different atmospheric resolutions are combined with two different oceanic resolutions, one of them eddy-permitting, are used. We found that the magnitude of the warming is more dependent on atmospheric resolution, while the influence of oceanic resolution is stronger on the spatial pattern of SST changes, leading to the enhancement of the climate change signal in coastal regions. The mechanisms related to these changes involve both the atmosphere and the ocean, with the last playing the main role. We found that changes in upwelling are the primary drivers of SST changes in regions close to the coast, and these changes in SST exhibit a clear seasonal pattern, precisely associated with the significant seasonality of the Benguela upwelling. The radiative and turbulent fluxes are modified by the changes in the climate and are also influenced by the resolution and SST patterns. The net long wave fluxes into the ocean are increased, when the short wave fluxes decrease. These changes result from the adjustment to the increase of greenhouse gasses, which leads to a stronger warming of the atmosphere than the ocean surface, which increases the long wave radiation and the formation of low clouds.
Correlations Between Environmental Enteropathy and Anemia in Pediatric Patients Under Five Years: An Investigation of Lead Exposure
Authors: Unar Ahsanullah , Chanihoon Ghulam Qadir 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia and elevated blood lead levels (BPb) can have substantial health implications for young children. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of these conditions among children aged 1 to 5 years attending a daycare center within a pediatric unit. A total of 360 children of varying genders underwent anemia screening, with 230 testing positive and 137 testing negative. Among the anemic children, the severity of anemia was classified as mild and severe based on hemoglobin levels, while non-anemic children constituted the reference group. The findings indicated that anemic children exhibited higher mean BPb values compared to non-anemic children. The prevalence of BPb levels exceeding 100 µg/L was 60% among non-anemic children, 54% among severe anemic children, and 49% among severe anemic children with BPb levels below 200 µg/L. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was observed between BPb levels and hemoglobin and iron levels in anemic children. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between BPb levels and the age of children of both genders. In conclusion, this study highlights the significant association between BPb levels and key blood parameters, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for lead intoxication and iron-deficient anemia. Future research in this field should focus on elucidating the causal relationships and exploring intervention strategies to reduce lead exposure and prevent iron-deficient anemia in pediatric populations.
Realizing the promise of machine learning in precision oncology:
expert perspectives on opportunities and challenges
Authors: Blasimme Alessandro , Nittas Vasileios , Ormond Kelly , Vayena Effy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The application of machine learning in precision oncology is an emerging field. To capture the status quo, challenges, opportunities, ethical implications, and future directions, we conducted semi-structured interviews with academic and clinical experts. Our participants agreed that machine learning in precision oncology is in infant stages, with clinical integration still rare. Overall, participants equated ongoing developments with better clinical workflows and improved treatment decisions for more cancer patients. They underscored the ability of machine learning to tackle the dynamic nature of cancer, break down the complexity of molecular data, and support decision-making. Our participants emphasized obstacles related to molecular data access, clinical utility, and guidelines. Availability of reliable and well-curated data to train and validate machine learning algorithms, as well as integration of multiple data sources, were described as constraints, yet necessary for future clinical integration. Frequently mentioned ethical challenges included privacy risks, equity, explainability, trust, and incidental findings, with privacy being the most polarizing. While participants recognized the issue of hype surrounding machine learning in precision oncology, they agreed that , in an assistive role, it represents the future of precision oncology.