bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Envisioning the future: a multi-disciplinary approach to human-centered intelligent environments
Authors: Ystgaard Kaja Fjørtoft , De Moor Katrien 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHumane or humanity-centered intelligent environments (IE) prioritize human users, communities, and societal needs in the system design, service, and operations. However, designing for a genuinely humanity-centric vision poses potential barriers related to the technical frameworks and methods of IEs. This paper introduces a multi-disciplinary innovation research approach grounded in a participatory ForSTI (i.e., Foresight in Science, Technology, and Innovation) methodology. We apply a Horizon scanning exercise in combination with expert interviews and a lead user workshop to develop a future humanity-centric roadmap for IEs that aligns with a coherent understanding of human and societal needs. Multiple technical visions are explored to foresee how ethics, human control, and agency can be preserved in developing future human-centric IEs. Our findings indicate that the “feasible” future vision is propelled forward by technical enchanted determinism, with weak resistance from the public, citizens, and society. The “possible” vision augments humans and the environment through technical advancement. In contrast, the most “desirable” vision is inclusive of all humanity, also the most vulnerable, and can bring forth meaningful human involvement and influence in the technical configurations of IEs. By carefully considering the potential drivers and barriers ahead, we can re-think how to design for the most desirable future vision in developing IEs.
Bond strength of alkali-activated flyash based masonry system for sustainable construction
Authors: Kumble Pooja , Prashant Shreelaxmi , Achar Nishanth 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBond strength is a crucial factor that impacts the performance, structural reliability and stability of masonry constructions. This paper aims to examine the efficacy of various masonry unit and mortar combinations and their bond strength thereby, evaluating their adhesion performance. It experimentally analyzes two masonry unit types paired with two mortar combinations. One is the traditional clay brick and the other is an alkali activated flyash based brick. Alkali activated flyash bricks and mortars use flyash as a sole binder, activated with popular alkalis, thereby reducing carbon footprints compared to cement manufacturing. Two types of mortar used are conventional cement mortar and alkali activated flyash mortar. Bonded prisms were tested to determine the compressive, tensile, shear, and flexural bond strengths. The results revealed significant variations in bond strength across different combinations of masonry units and mortar. Notably, it was observed that alkali-activated bricks bonded with alkali-activated mortar exhibited higher bond strength, compared to conventional cement mortar. These findings provide valuable insights in assessing the compatibility between masonry units and mortar, highlighting the potential of this technology for sustainable construction practices.
Comparative Study of Hydrogen Reduction of Bauxite Residue-Calcium Sintered and Self-Hardened Pellets Followed by Magnetic Separation for Iron Recovery
Authors: Kar Manish Kumar , Hassanzadeh Ahmad , van der Eijk Casper , Safarian Jafar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo minimize the carbon footprint in the industrial valourization of bauxite residue, hydrogen was used as a reducing agent. The current study experimentally investigated hydrogen reduction of bauxite residue-CaO sintered and self-hardened pellets at 1000 °C, along with magnetic separation of these reduced pellets for iron recovery. Calcium was introduced to bauxite residue to form leachable calcium aluminate phases with the existing alumina in bauxite residue. This involved the addition of either CaCO3 or a mixture of CaO and CaCO3 while maintaining the fixed Ca content during pelletization. The former underwent sintering at 1150 °C, while the latter was self-hardened through the cementing effect of CaO in exposure to moisture and air. Both types of pellets were reduced in a thermogravimetry furnace at an elevated temperature under similar conditions. The pellets were characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and their physical and mechanical properties were measured via standard techniques. During hydrogen reduction, a negligible amount of gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) was formed in the self-hardened pellets, while this phase dominated in the sintered pellets. Alumina in the bauxite residue converted to mayenite phases during reduction in both the pellet types; however, reduced self-hardened pellets had a higher amount of alumina containing mayenite leachable phase. The two pellets showed similar reduction behaviour, while different chemical, physical, and mechanical properties were observed. The magnetic properties of milled reduced pellets were examined through a Davis Tube magnetic separator in a wet environment under a constant magnetic field of 800 G. Higher iron recovery was observed for the self-hardened reduced (41%) pellets than for the sintered pellets (27%).
Insights From the Transition to Competency-Based Medical Education in Neurology Programs
Authors: Li Stanley Xiangyu , Li Cathy Meng Fei , Jenkins Mary E. , Venance Shannon L. , Florendo-Cumbermack Anita 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTCanadian neurology residency programs recently transitioned to Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME). Iterative evaluation is required to optimize CBME implementation. This study aimed to examine the variability and challenges in uptake of CBME in neurology residency programs and identify its benefits and pitfalls. Neurology residents and faculty participated in respective anonymous surveys. Common barriers to uptake were identified from both perspectives. Orientation to CBME was adequate, but workload was increased and contributed to burnout for faculty and residents. It is premature to draw conclusions regarding benefits of CBME. Future research considerations include standardization of entrustment scales and reduction of stakeholder burden.
Health Problems of Increasing Man-Made and Climate-Related Disasters on Forcibly Displaced populations: A Scoping Review on Global Evidence
Authors: Mohammadi Mahan , Jafari Hamid , Etemadi Manal , Dalugoda Yohani , Mohtady Ali Heba , Phung Hai , Ahmadvand Alireza , Dwirahmadi Febi , Barnes Paul , Chu Cordia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractForcibly displaced populations are among the most vulnerable groups in disasters. They experience poorer health conditions compared with nondisplaced individuals. However, a clear picture is lacking regarding the overall health problems encountered by disaster-induced mid- to long-term displaced people. This study investigated these disorders prevalence and identified their correlates among long-settled displaced populations worldwide. The current scoping review follows the PRISMA-ScR guidelines; a systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL and included original peer-reviewed studies, commentary, reviews, and grey literature published in English between January 1990 to June 2022. In the thematic and content analysis, the authors applied the narrative review approach to identify themes and sub-themes. Forty-eight documents were identified as fully relevant to this study. The largest number of published papers were from Asia, followed by the Middle East, the United States, and Europe. IDPs in developed countries were the most researched populations. Human-made disasters were addressed by 89% of the included studies. The four main thematic categories included were “physical health,” “mental health,” “inadequate facilities,” and “lack of healthy behaviour.” The worsening of noncommunicable diseases had the highest prevalence, followed by communicable diseases. Due to their condition, forcibly displaced migrants face a triple burden of communicable diseases and noncommunicable diseases such as mental health issues. Health-related research and policy need to consider the links among disasters, health problems, and forced migration as a determinant of health in the new era of climate change-driven displacements.
The Status of Samaritans in Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Damascus
Authors: Atanasova Kameliya , Chalmers Matthew 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this article, we explore the status of Samaritans in early modern Ottoman Damascus through a focus on a particular firman—a sultanic legal decree. The firman orders that Samaritans—a religious group that traces its origins to ancient Israel but differs from Jews in several aspects—are not to be employed as clerks by Ottoman authorities. We argue that the firman indicates Ottoman officials engaged in religious status management despite the lack of legal terminology for minority in the document. The significance of the firman regarding conceptualizing status, we suggest, is that it points to an alternative model of minoritization that is not based in modern European legal approaches to religious minority status and law but which accounts for people’s experiences of minority status before modernity.
Development of a drone-based ground-penetrating radar system for efficient and safe 3D and 4D surveying of alpine glaciers
Authors: Ruols Bastien , Baron Ludovic , Irving James 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent research has highlighted the potential for high-resolution, high-density, 3D and 4D ground-penetrating radar (GPR) acquisitions on alpine glaciers. When carried out on foot, such surveys are laborious and time consuming, which limits their application to small domains of limited glaciological interest. Further, crevasses and other hazards make the data acquisition risky. To address these issues, we have developed a drone-based GPR system. The system has a payload weight of 2.2 kg and a data output rate of 14 traces per second. An 80-MHz antenna and a recording time of 2800 ns mean that depths of over 100 m can be reached in temperate ice. Differential GPS positioning assures accurate flight paths. At a speed of 4 m s−1 and height of 5 m above the glacier surface, our system can acquire over 4 line-km of GPR data in 20 min on a single set of drone batteries. After presenting the technical specifications of the system and tests required to optimize its performance, we showcase a recently acquired 3D dataset from the Otemma glacier in Switzerland, where 462 parallel GPR profiles were surveyed at a 1-m line spacing, totaling over 112 line-km of data, in only 4 days.
Griffith or de Valera? The Split of Catalan Nationalism in the Face of the Irish Civil War
Authors: Esculies Joan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCatalan nationalism had always supported Ireland in its struggle for autonomy or independence against the British Empire. The outbreak of the Irish Civil War, nevertheless, surprised Catalanism. This article discusses the difficulties of the main Catalanist political parties in that period—the Lliga Regionalista, Acció Catalana, and Estat Català—to explain the Anglo-Irish Treaty in the Catalanist milieu as well as the difficulties of differentiating dominion and federation and adopting a coherent position according to their own ideology and to Catalan internal political dynamics. Focusing on this study case, the objective of the article is to show the difficulties of stateless national movements to explain their own politics and objectives from external models. And, likewise, how the look toward an external nationalism can stop being useful or even raise unexpected questions within the movement that tries to explain itself by simplifying the contexts of others.
On Political Tradition and Ideology: Russian Dimensions of Practical Zionism and Israeli Politics
Authors: Rabkin Yakov , Yadgar Yaacov 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article concerns the endurance of political traditions brought to Palestine at the turn of the 20th century from the revolutionary milieu in Imperial Russia. The Russian Empire and its neighbors, which form most of today’s Eastern Europe and large swaths of Central Europe, was the homeland of most early Zionist settlers. They had acquired experience in a range of clandestine political organizations in the Russian Empire. It is this revolutionary experience that constitutes the bedrock of Russian Zionists’ influence on the political culture of the pre-state Palestine and Israel. Later, those who found themselves in Poland after Versailles became familiar with parliamentary rituals, even though the Polish state did not enjoy democracy for long. We suggest that this seemingly distant history continues to manifest itself in the political culture of contemporary Israel. We consider epistemology, tradition, ideology, and political action while looking at Israeli politics through the lens of its Russian roots.
A classification of some thick subcategories in locally noetherian Grothendieck categories
Authors: Wu Kaili , Ma Xinchao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLet
$\mathcal{A}$
be a locally noetherian Grothendieck category. We classify all full subcategories of
$\mathcal{A}$
which are thick and closed under taking arbitrary direct sums and injective envelopes by injective spectrum. This result gives a generalization from the commutative noetherian ring to the locally noetherian Grothendieck category.
Local community characteristics and potential conflicts around Asian tapir habitat in Batang Gadis National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Kuswanda Wanda , Hutapea Freddy Jontara , Setyawati Titiek , Purwoko Agus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Asian tapirTapirus indicuspopulation has decreased as a result of habitat destruction and degradation, illegal hunting and negative human–tapir interactions. Although this species is categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is a protected species in Indonesia, where it occurs on Sumatra, studies of its ecology and behaviour and of interactions with people remain limited. We investigated the characteristics of local communities around tapir habitat in Batang Gadis National Park and the interactions of people with tapirs, and assessed the potential for future negative interactions. This study took place in March and October 2021 in Sopotinjak and Pagar Gunung villages. We conducted interviews, using questionnaires, amongst local communities that are familiar with tapirs. The communities belong to the Mandailing Tribe, comprising farmers that frequently access the adjacent forest to support their livelihoods. Local people need protein from animals, but they do not hunt the tapir. Negative human–tapir interactions could potentially increase in the future if tapir browsing intensity in community gardens increases and farmers suffer significant economic losses. We encourage Batang Gadis National Park authorities to develop a human–tapir co-existence management system and to protect tapir habitat.
Psychiatric providers’ attitudes toward patients with borderline personality disorder and possible ways to improve them
Authors: Ukwuoma Diane U. , Ajulu Kachikwulu A. , Wang Dongliang , Golovko Sergey , Marks Jarred , Leontieva Luba 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTending to patients with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a challenging task for clinicians due to stigma and differences in opinion within the psychiatric community. Various symptoms of BPD including affective instability, mood reactivity, and extremes of idealization are associated with challenging emotions toward patients with BPD. This observational research study utilized an adaptation of the 37-question Attitude to Personality Disorder Questionnaire (APDQ) to assess the attitudes of clinicians toward patients with BPD.MethodsThis questionnaire was distributed to 139 clinicians including psychiatry attendings, psychiatry residents, registered nurses, nurse practitioners, social workers, recreation and art therapists, and psychologists who worked with patients diagnosed with BPD on an inpatient unit. Responses of participants were compared based on occupation, gender, and duration of years worked on an inpatient psychiatric unit.ResultsResults show that individuals employed in occupations under the “other health professionals” category had more positive transference (which included feelings of respect toward BPD patients along with feelings of closeness and warmth) toward patients with BPD, and nurses had an increased total score for lack of valid difficulties compared with other health professionals. When grouping by gender and duration of year spent working on an inpatient unit, there were no significant differences in the response toward patients with BPD in affective situations.ConclusionClinical implications are discussed, as well as the need for training to help improve staff attitudes toward this patient population.
Genetic variability assessment of indigenous and exotic saffron germplasm through morpho-agronomic characterization at Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Iqbal Asif Mohd , Lone Ajaz Ahmad , Khan Mudasir H. , Sofi Mehraj uddin , Alie Bashir A. , Hassan Mir Ghulam , Dar Niyaz A. , Khan Azra , Fayaz Uzma , Dar Sher A. , Nehvi Firdos A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe present study analysed a total of 272 saffron (Crocus sativusL.) genotypes using multivariate analysis. We carefully observed and recorded information about the floral, morphological and corm attributes. Significant variations were observed among the genotypes for all the traits, indicating a high level of variability and suggesting a great potential for saffron improvement. The phenotypic variances were found to be greater than the estimated genotypic variances. Descriptive data on various morphological traits revealed significant differences in the frequency of phenotype classes as well as a wide distribution range. The high heritability estimates were observed in average number of daughter corms per plant (ANDCPP), initial weight of corms (IWC g), no. of buds/corm (NBPC), – no. of leaves in main sprout, (NLMS), number of sprouted buds per corm (NSBpC) and total number of leaves (TNL), whereas average weight of daughter corms per plant (AWBCPP), corm diameter (CDcm), pistal length (PL) cm, style length (STYLcm), fresh weight of pistals per plant (FWOPPPmg) and stigma length (STML cm), revealed medium sense of heritability. The traits dry weight of pistals per plants (DWOPPP mg), inner tepal width (ITW cm), leaf length (LLcm), number of flowers per corm (NFpC), outer tepal length (OTLcm), parianth length with tube (PLWT cm) and weight of stigma (WSTG mg) exhibited low broad-sense heritability. Principal component analysis (PCA) divulged that the first eight component characters had an eigenvalue greater than one with a contributory cumulative variance of 66.15% to the total variance, while as rest of the 16 components contributed 33.85% of total variation in a set of 272 genotypes of saffron. The eigenvalues for yield attributing traits for significant PCs ranged from 5.48 (PC1) to 1.03(PC8). The current study has revealed that there was a sufficient variability in a set of saffron germplasm lines which forms the basis for performance-based clonal selection. Moreover, identified elite genotypes based on saffron yield and corm attributes could be used in the saffron breeding programme for the development of saffron varieties.
GWAS of Dizygotic Twinning in an Enlarged Australian Sample of Mothers of DZ Twins
Authors: Gordon Scott D. , Duffy David L. , Whiteman David C. , Olsen Catherine M. , McAloney Kerrie , Adsett Jessica M. , Garden Natalie A. , Cross Simone M. , List-Armitage Susan E. , Brown Joy , Beck Jeffrey J. , Mbarek Hamdi , Medland Sarah E. , Montgomery Grant W. , Martin Nicholas G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFemale fertility is a complex trait with age-specific changes in spontaneous dizygotic (DZ) twinning and fertility. To elucidate factors regulating female fertility and infertility, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on mothers of spontaneous DZ twins (MoDZT) versus controls (3273 cases, 24,009 controls). This is a follow-up study to the Australia/New Zealand (ANZ) component of that previously reported (Mbarek et al., 2016), with a sample size almost twice that of the entire discovery sample meta-analysed in the previous article (and five times the ANZ contribution to that), resulting from newly available additional genotyping and representing a significant increase in power. We compare analyses with and without male controls and show unequivocally that it is better to include male controls who have been screened for recent family history, than to use only female controls. Results from the SNP based GWAS identified four genomewide significant signals, including one novel region, ZFPM1 (Zinc Finger Protein, FOG Family Member 1), on chromosome 16. Previous signals near FSHB (Follicle Stimulating Hormone beta subunit) and SMAD3 (SMAD Family Member 3) were also replicated (Mbarek et al., 2016). We also ran the GWAS with a dominance model that identified a further locus ADRB2 on chr 5. These results have been contributed to the International Twinning Genetics Consortium for inclusion in the next GWAS meta-analysis (Mbarek et al., in press).
Titanium particles in peri-implantitis: distribution, pathogenesis and prospects
Authors: Chen Long , Tong Zian , Luo Hongke , Qu Yuan , Gu Xinhua , Si Misi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPeri-implantitis is one of the most important biological complications in the field of oral implantology. Identifying the causative factors of peri-implant inflammation and osteolysis is crucial for the disease’s prevention and treatment. The underlying risk factors and detailed pathogenesis of peri-implantitis remain to be elucidated. Titanium-based implants as the most widely used implant inevitably release titanium particles into the surrounding tissue. Notably, the concentration of titanium particles increases significantly at peri-implantitis sites, suggesting titanium particles as a potential risk factor for the condition. Previous studies have indicated that titanium particles can induce peripheral osteolysis and foster the development of aseptic osteoarthritis in orthopedic joint replacement. However, it remains unconfirmed whether this phenomenon also triggers inflammation and bone resorption in peri-implant tissues. This review summarizes the distribution of titanium particles around the implant, the potential roles in peri-implantitis and the prevalent prevention strategies, which expects to provide new directions for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of peri-implantitis.