bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achieving equity: patient demographics and outcomes after surgical and non‐surgical procedures in South Australia, 2022
Authors: Kovoor Joshua G. , Gupta Aashray K. , Bacchi Stephen , Stretton Brandon , O’Callaghan Patrick G. , Murphy Elizabeth , Hugh Thomas J. , Padbury Robert T. , Trochsler Markus I. , Maddern Guy J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough modern Australian healthcare systems provide patient‐centred care, the ability to predict and prevent suboptimal post‐procedural outcomes based on patient demographics at admission may improve health equity. This study aimed to identify patient demographic characteristics that might predict disparities in mortality, readmission, and discharge outcomes after either an operative or non‐operative procedural hospital admission.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included all surgical and non‐surgical procedural admissions at three of the four major metropolitan public hospitals in South Australia in 2022. Multivariable logistic regression, with backwards selection, evaluated association between patient demographic characteristics and outcomes up to 90 days post‐procedurally.Results40 882 admissions were included. Increased likelihood of all‐cause, post‐procedure mortality in‐hospital, at 30 days, and 90 days, were significantly associated with increased age (P < 0.001), increased comorbidity burden (P < 0.001), an emergency admission (P < 0.001), and male sex (P = 0.046, P = 0.03, P < 0.001, respectively). Identification as ATSI (P < 0.001) and being born in Australia (P = 0.03, P = 0.001, respectively) were associated with an increased likelihood of 30‐day hospital readmission and decreased likelihood of discharge directly home, as was increased comorbidity burden (P < 0.001) and emergency admission (P < 0.001). Being married (P < 0.001) and male sex (P = 0.003) were predictive of an increased likelihood of discharging directly home; in contrast to increased age (P < 0.001) which was predictive of decreased likelihood of this occurring.ConclusionsThis study characterized several associations between patient demographic factors present on admission and outcomes after surgical and non‐surgical procedures, that can be integrated within patient flow pathways through the Australian healthcare system to improve healthcare equity.
The impact of COVID‐19 on general surgical trainees' surgical exposure in Australia
Authors: Louise Nikolic Amanda , Tiang Thomas , Kuzminov Alexandr , Fernando Diharah , Phillips Samantha , Camille Behrenbruch Corina , Johnston Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted the provision of surgical services in Australia. To prepare for a surge of COVID‐19 patients, elective surgery was mandatorily reduced or ceased at multiple timepoints in Australian states between 2020 and 2022. Operative exposure is a critical component of surgical training in general surgery, and readiness for practice is an ongoing priority. However, the impact of COVID‐19 on operative exposure in Australian General Surgical Trainees (AGST) has not been quantified.MethodsThis study was a retrospective longitudinal cohort study using de‐identified operative logbook data for Australian General surgical Trainees (AGST) from the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) Morbidity and Audit Logbook Tool (MALT) system between February 2019 and July 2021. Bivariate analysis was used to determine the impact of COVID‐19 on general surgical trainees' exposure to operative surgery and trainees' operative autonomy.ResultsData from 1896 unique 6‐month training terms and 543 285 surgical cases was included over the data collection period. There was no statistically significant impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on AGST operative exposure to major, minor operations, endoscopies, or operative autonomy.ConclusionsThe impact of COVID‐19 on surgical trainees globally has been significant. Although this study does not assess all aspects of surgical training, this data demonstrates that there has not been a significant impact of the pandemic on operative exposure or autonomy of AGST.
Likelihood of primary cesarean section following induction of labor in singleton cephalic pregnancies at term, compared with expectant management: An Australian population‐based, historical cohort study
Authors: Hu Yanan , Homer Caroline S. E. , Ellwood David , Slavin Valerie , Vogel Joshua P. , Enticott Joanne , Callander Emily J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere has been increased use of both induction of labor (IOL) and cesarean section for women with term pregnancies in many high‐income countries, and a trend toward birth at earlier gestational ages. Existing evidence regarding the association between IOL and cesarean section for term pregnancies is mixed and conflicting, and little evidence is available on the differential effect at each week of gestation, stratified by parity.Material and methodsTo explore the association between IOL and primary cesarean section for singleton cephalic pregnancies at term, compared with two definitions of expectant management (first: at or beyond the week of gestation at birth following IOL; and secondary: only beyond the week of gestation at birth following IOL), we performed analyses of population‐based historical cohort data on women who gave birth in one Australian state (Queensland), between July 1, 2012 and June 30, 2018. Women who gave birth before 37+0 or after 41+6 weeks of gestation, had stillbirths, no‐labor, multiple births (twins or triplets), non‐cephalic presentation at birth, a previous cesarean section, or missing data on included variables were excluded. Four sub‐datasets were created for each week at birth (37–40). Unadjusted relative risk, adjusted relative risk using modified Poisson regression, and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated in each sub‐dataset. Analyses were stratified by parity (nulliparas vs. parous women with a previous vaginal birth). Sensitivity analyses were conducted by limiting to women with low‐risk pregnancies.ResultsA total of 239 094 women were included in the analysis, 36.7% of whom gave birth following IOL. The likelihood of primary cesarean section following IOL in a Queensland population‐based cohort was significantly higher at 38 and 39 weeks, compared with expectant management up to 41+6 weeks, for both nulliparas and paras with singleton cephalic pregnancies, regardless of risk status of pregnancy and definition of expectant management. No significant difference was found for nulliparas at 37 and 40 weeks; and for paras at 40 weeks.ConclusionsFuture studies are suggested to investigate further the association between IOL and other maternal and neonatal outcomes at each week of gestation in different maternal populations, before making any recommendation.
Why we don't eat as intended: Moderators of the short‐term intention–behaviour relation in food intake
Authors: Aulbach Matthias Burkard , van Alebeek Hannah , Jones Christopher M. , Blechert Jens 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesA healthy diet is essential for preventing chronic disease and promoting overall health. Translating one's intention to eat healthy into actual behaviour has, however, proven difficult with a range of internal and contextual factors identified as driving eating behaviour.DesignWe leverage Temporal Self‐Regulation Theory to examine these momentary determinants' direct and moderating effects on the intention–behaviour relation with Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA).MethodsEighty‐seven healthy participants (mage = 24.1 years; 59 women, 28 men) reported, 5 times daily for 10 weekdays, their intentions to stick to a self‐set dietary restriction goal for the next 3 hr, the goal congruency of their eating behaviour in the past 3 hr, and a range of factors potentially influencing food intake, such as stress, emotions and environmental eating cues.ResultsTwo‐part multilevel modelling revealed that craving, availability of goal‐incongruent foods, social eating cues, giving in to other temptations and weaker momentary intentions directly increased the risk and severity of goal‐incongruent intake within the next 3 hr. Social cues, stress and craving further influence behaviour through altering intention implementation.ConclusionsResults imply that people regularly fail to implement intentions for 3‐hr periods and that a range of factors influences this, both directly and by disrupting intentional processes. While for some barriers, fostering strong intentions throughout the day could be beneficial, others require different strategies for dietary adherence.
Collective UK nostalgia predicts a desire to leave the European Union
Authors: Loughnane Jack , Roth Jenny , van Tilburg Wijnand 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCollective nostalgia is an emotion experienced when one sentimentally recalls events or things related to a particular social identity. We investigated the relationship between collective nostalgia about the United Kingdom (UK) and UK citizens' desire to leave the European Union (EU). We collected data of UK citizens twice prior to the UK's official withdrawal from the European Union (N = 347 and N = 240) and once afterwards (N = 236). Cross‐sectional and longitudinal analysis, utilizing cross‐lagged panel models, supported the hypothesis that collective UK nostalgia increased the desire to leave the European Union. We additionally hypothesized that the relationship between these variables would be mediated positively by ties to UK citizens and negatively by ties to EU citizens. Exploratory and longitudinal analysis, however, indicated that strength of ties to UK and EU citizens predicts levels of collective UK nostalgia which, in turn, predicts desire to leave the European Union. Specifically, ties to UK citizens were associated with increased collective nostalgia and a desire to leave the EU and ties to EU citizens were associated with reduced collective nostalgia and a desire to re‐join the European Union. We discuss the implications of the findings as well as making suggestions for future studies.
A global synthesis of predation on bivalves
Authors: Meira Alexandra , Byers James E. , Sousa Ronaldo 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTPredation is a dominant structuring force in ecological communities. In aquatic environments, predation on bivalves has long been an important focal interaction for ecological study because bivalves have central roles as ecosystem engineers, basal components of food webs, and commercial commodities. Studies of bivalves are common, not only because of bivalves' central roles, but also due to the relative ease of studying predatory effects on this taxonomic group. To understand patterns in the interactions of bivalves and their predators we synthesised data from 52 years of peer‐reviewed studies on bivalve predation. Using a systematic search, we compiled 1334 studies from 75 countries, comprising 61 bivalve families (N = 2259), dominated by Mytilidae (29% of bivalves), Veneridae (14%), Ostreidae (8%), Unionidae (7%), and Dreissenidae and Tellinidae (6% each). A total of 2036 predators were studied, with crustaceans the most studied predator group (34% of predators), followed by fishes (24%), molluscs (17%), echinoderms (10%) and birds (6%). The majority of studies (86%) were conducted in marine systems, in part driven by the high commercial value of marine bivalves. Studies in freshwater ecosystems were dominated by non‐native bivalves and non‐native predator species, which probably reflects the important role of biological invasions affecting freshwater biodiversity. In fact, while 81% of the studied marine bivalve species were native, only 50% of the freshwater species were native to the system.In terms of approach, most studies used predation trials, visual analysis of digested contents and exclusion experiments to assess the effects of predation. These studies reflect that many factors influence bivalve predation depending on the species studied, including (i) species traits (e.g. behaviour, morphology, defence mechanisms), (ii) other biotic interactions (e.g. presence of competitors, parasites or diseases), and (iii) environmental context (e.g. temperature, current velocity, beach exposure, habitat complexity). There is a lack of research on the effects of bivalve predation at the population and community and ecosystem levels (only 7% and 0.5% of studies respectively examined impacts at these levels). At the population level, the available studies demonstrate that predation can decrease bivalve density through consumption or the reduction of recruitment. At the community and ecosystem level, predation can trigger effects that cascade through trophic levels or effects that alter the ecological functions bivalves perform. Given the conservation and commercial importance of many bivalve species, studies of predation should be pursued in the context of global change, particularly climate change, acidification and biological invasions.
Seeing awe: How children perceive awe‐inspiring visual experiences
Authors: O'bi Artemisia , Yang Fan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAwe is a profound, self‐transcendent emotion. To illuminate its origin, four preregistered studies examined how U.S. 4‐ to 9‐year‐old children perceive awe‐inspiring stimuli (N = 444, 55% female, 58% White, tested in 2020–2023). Awe‐inspiring expansive nature (Study 1) and natural disaster scenes (Study 2) evoked perceived vastness, motivation to explore, and awareness of the unknown more than everyday scenes did (d ranging 0.32–1.76). Compared to expansive social stimuli, expansive nature stimuli more positively affected children's sense of self (Study 3). Diverse awe‐inspiring scenes (vast nature, natural disasters, and slow‐motion objects) all elicited awe and higher learning motivation than everyday scenes did (Study 4). These findings suggest that children appreciate awe‐inspiring visual experiences, illuminating the origins and nature of awe as a self‐transcendent experience.
The cognitive underpinnings and early development of children's selective trust
Authors: Schmid Benjamin , Bleijlevens Natalie , Mani Nivedita , Behne Tanya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractYoung children learn selectively from reliable over unreliable sources. However, the cognitive underpinnings of their selectivity (attentional biases or trait ascriptions) and its early ontogeny are unclear. Thus, across three studies (N = 139, monolingual German speakers, 67 female), selective‐trust tasks were adapted to test both preschoolers (5‐year‐olds) and toddlers (24‐month‐olds), using eye‐tracking and interactive measures. These data show that preschoolers' selectivity is not based on attentional biases, but on person‐specific trait ascriptions. In contrast, toddlers showed no selective trust, even in the eye‐tracking tasks. They succeeded, however, in eye‐tracking tasks with the same word‐learning demands, if no ascriptions of reliability were required. Thus, these findings suggest that preschoolers, but not toddlers, use trait‐like ascriptions of reliability to guide their selective learning.
The space before, the space beyond: Activism, relationships and social change in the neo‐liberal academy
Authors: Davidson Emma , Wright Laura , Roesch‐Marsh Autumn 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe last 20 years have seen exponential growth in participatory research methods in child and youth studies, social work, education and allied disciplines. Scholars internationally have highlighted the ways these methods can connect with other areas of scholarship including children's rights, citizenship and activism. The Binks Hub is a new initiative committed to supporting, promoting and delivering transformative, co‐creative research. The funding, monitoring and impact regimes within higher education can mean that delivering these commitments is challenging. This article uses three empirical cases involving participatory methods to reflect on these challenges and examine the connections and disconnections between participatory research and activism. The work of Sassen (2014) is employed to make spaces before and beyond method more visible. These spaces, we conclude, are critical to creating the foundations for relational participatory practice, and ensuring initiatives like the Binks Hub have long‐term meaning and value.
Safety, pharmacokinetics, and food effect of sudapyridine (WX‐081), a novel anti‐tuberculosis candidate in healthy Chinese subjects
Authors: Yu Chengyin , Qian Hongjie , Wu Qingqing , Zou Yang , Ding Qicheng , Cai Yuting , Liang Liyu , Xu Juncai , Li Lei , Zan Bin , Li Yongguo , Liu Yun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and food impact on sudapyridine (WX‐081), a novel drug designed to inhibit mycobacterium ATP synthase, with clinical applications for drug‐resistant tuberculosis (TB) treatment. The research comprised two arms: a single ascending dose (SAD) arm (30 to 600 mg, N = 52) and a multiple ascending dose (MAD) arm (200 to 400 mg, N = 30). The influence of food was evaluated using a 400 mg dose within an SAD cohort. Plasma concentrations of WX‐081 and M3 (main metabolite of WX‐081) were analyzed using a validated liquid‐chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. In the SAD arm, mean residence time (MRT0‐t), terminal half‐life, and clearance of WX‐081 ranged from 18.87 to 52.8 h, 31.39 to 236.57 h, and 6.4 to 80.34 L/h, respectively. The area under the curve from time zero to the last measurable timepoint (AUC0‐t) of WX‐081 showed dose‐proportional increases in the SAD arm. The disparity between fasted and fed states of WX‐081 was significant (p < 0.05), with fed dosing resulting in a 984.07% higher AUC0‐t and 961.55% higher maximum plasma concentration. In both the SAD and MAD arms, one case each exhibited a 1 degree atrioventricular block. No QTc elongation was observed, and adverse events were not dose‐dependent. Favorable exposure, tolerability, safety, and an extended MRT0‐t suggest that WX‐081 holds promise as a phase II development candidate for drug‐resistant TB treatment.
Typologies of alcohol and other drug‐related risk among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (trans) and queer adults
Authors: Norman Thomas , Bourne Adam , Amos Natalie , Power Jennifer , Anderson Joel , Lim Gene , Carman Marina , Meléndez‐Torres G. J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionPrevalence and patterns of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use among specific lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (trans) and queer (LGBTQ+) subpopulations are well established. However, patterns of substance‐related risk have been less thoroughly explored. This study aimed to determine typologies AOD risk among LGBTQ+ adults in Australia.MethodLatent class analyses were performed to determine distinct patterns of AOD risk (n = 6835), as measured by the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and Drug Abuse Screening Tool. Demographic characteristics, experience of harassment, assault and/or threats, mental wellbeing and LGBTQ+ connectedness were compared across emergent classes.ResultsAOD risk was characterised as ‘no risk’ (13.3% of sample), ‘low risk’ (15.1%), ‘moderate risk’ (alcohol + other drugs; 30.1%), or ‘moderate alcohol only risk’ (41.5%). The ‘moderate risk’ class was the most likely class to report recent sexual assault, verbal abuse, harassment and physical threats compared to other classes, while those in the ‘moderate alcohol only risk’ group were least likely to report these experiences of all classes. However, both the ‘moderate risk’ and ‘moderate alcohol risk only’ classes reported greater mental wellbeing and LGBTQ+ connectedness compared to the ‘no risk’ and ‘low risk’ classes.Discussion and ConclusionsOur findings indicate that level of AOD risk is not uniform among some LGBTQ+ adults, nor is the distribution of harms experienced by them. Tailored harm‐reduction interventions may be fruitful in attenuating harms based on risk profile; most specifically, LGBTQ+ individuals engaging in moderately risky concurrent AOD use.
Myelodysplastic syndromes del(5q): Pathogenesis and its therapeutic implications
Authors: Bruzzese Antonella , Martino Enrica Antonia , Mendicino Francesco , Lucia Eugenio , Olivito Virginia , Capodanno Isabella , Neri Antonino , Morabito Fortunato , Vigna Ernesto , Gentile Massimo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) encompass a heterogeneous set of acquired bone marrow neoplastic disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis within one or more bone marrow lineages. Nearly half of MDS patients carry cytogenetic alterations, with del(5q) being the most prevalent. Since its first description, del(5q) was consistently correlated with a typical clinical phenotype marked by anemia, thrombocytosis, and a low risk of evolving into acute leukemia. Presently, the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms recognizes a specific subtype of MDS known as “myelodysplastic neoplasm with low blast and isolated del(5q)” identified by the sole presence of 5q deletion or in combination with one other abnormality excluding −7/del(7q). Several studies have sought to unravel the biological processes triggered by del(5q) in the development of MDS, revealing the involvement of various genes localized in specific regions of chromosome 5 referred to as common deleted regions (CDR). This intricate biological landscape makes the MDS cells with del(5q) exceptionally sensitive to lenalidomide. Several studies have confirmed the efficacy of lenalidomide in this context. Regrettably, the response to lenalidomide is not conclusive, prompting ongoing research into biological mechanisms that drive patients toward leukemia and strategies to circumvent lenalidomide resistance and disease progression.
Hume and Kant on imaginative resistance
Authors: Tuna Emine Hande 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe topic of imaginative resistance attracted considerable philosophical attention in recent years. Yet, with a few exceptions, no historical investigation of the phenomenon has been carried out. This paper amends this gap in the literature by constructing a Humean and a Kantian explanation. The main contributions of this historical analysis to this debate are to make room for emotions in explanations of resistance reactions and to upset the polarization between rival accounts by suggesting that our possible responses to morally flawed works can vary. In some cases, we resist imagining counter‐evaluative claims due to our unwillingness to do so, and in others, due to our inability.
Effect of calcium and potassium oxide addition on the viscosity and fragility of a calcium aluminosilicate melt
Authors: Sukenaga Sohei , Gueguen Yann , Celarie Fabrice , Rouxel Tanguy , Tashiro Masanori , Yoshida Shinichiro , Saito Noritaka , Nakashima Kunihiko , Shibata Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFragility is commonly quantified as the magnitude of change in viscosity at a temperature close to the glass transition temperature (Tg). It is a critical characteristic of melts used in scientific and industrial applications. The fragility of silicate melts generally increases with the depolymerization of silicate anions upon the addition of alkali or alkaline earth oxides. However, the effects of oxide additives on the fragility of aluminosilicate melts remain unclear. In this study, the effect of CaO or K2O addition on the viscosity of the 36CaO–51SiO2–13Al2O3 (mol.%) melt for the wide viscosity range of 10−1–1012 Pa s was studied. The relationship between the logarithmic viscosity and Tg‐scaled temperature indicated that the melt fragility increased with the addition of CaO, whereas the addition of K2O reduced the fragility when the additive content of CaO or K2O was less than 10.8 mol.%. The effect of the addition of K2O on fragility cannot be explained by the depolymerization of silicate anions alone. Raman and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies of the glasses indicated that a decrease in the level of distortion of the AlO4 tetrahedra decreased the fragility of the aluminosilicate melt.