bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of substance and opium use among adult residents of Tehran; a comprehensive report from Tehran cohort study (TeCS)
Authors: Masoudkabir Farzad , Shafiee Akbar , Heidari Amirhossein , Mohammadi Negin Sadat Hosseini , Tavakoli Kiarash , Jalali Arash , Nayebirad Sepehr , Alaeddini Farshid , Saadat Soheil , Vasheghani-Farahani Ali , Sadeghian Saeed , Arita Vicente Artola , Boroumand Mohamamdali , Karimi Abbasali 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The prevalence and burden of substance and opium use have increased worldwide over the past decades. In light of rapid population changes in Tehran, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of opium and other substance use among adult residents in Tehran, Iran.

Method
From March 2016 to March 2019, we utilized data from 8 296 participants in the Tehran Cohort Study recruitment phase (TeCS). We calculated the age-sex-weighted prevalence of substance use and the geographic distribution of substance use in Tehran. We also used logistic regression analysis to determine possible determinants of opium use.

Result
We analyzed data from 8 259 eligible participants with complete substance use data and the average age of participants was 53.7 ± 12.75 years. The prevalence of substance use was 5.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.6- 7.1%). Substance use was more common in males than females (Prevalence: 10.5% [95% CI: 8.6- 12.6%] vs. 0.5% [95% CI: 0.2- 1.2%], respectively). The age-sex weighted prevalence of substance use was 5.4% (95% CI: 4.6-7.1%). Moreover, opium was the most frequently used substance by 95.8% of substance users. Additionally, we found that male gender (Odds ratio [OR]: 12.1, P < 0.001), alcohol intake (OR: 1.3, P = 0.016), and smoking (OR: 8.5, P < 0.001) were independently associated with opium use.

Conclusions
We found that the prevalence of substance use in Tehran was 5.6%, and opium was the most frequently used substance. In addition, male gender, lower levels of education, alcohol, and tobacco consumption are the main risk factors for substance use in Tehran. Healthcare providers and policymakers can utilize our results to implement preventive strategies to minimize substance use in Tehran.
Comparative estimation of the effects of antihypertensive medications on schizophrenia occurrence: a multinational observational cohort study
Authors: Lee Dong Yun , Kim Chungsoo , Kim Jiwoo , Yun Jeongwon , Lee Yujin , Chui Celine Sze Ling , Son Sang Joon , Park Rae Woong , You Seng Chan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The association between antihypertensive medication and schizophrenia has received increasing attention; however, evidence of the impact of antihypertensive medication on subsequent schizophrenia based on large-scale observational studies is limited. We aimed to compare the schizophrenia risk in large claims-based US and Korea cohort of patients with hypertension using angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors versus those using angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) or thiazide diuretics.

Methods
Adults aged 18 years who were newly diagnosed with hypertension and received ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or thiazide diuretics as first-line antihypertensive medications were included. The study population was sub-grouped based on age (> 45 years). The comparison groups were matched using a large-scale propensity score (PS)-matching algorithm. The primary endpoint was incidence of schizophrenia.

Results
5,907,522; 2,923,423; and 1,971,549 patients used ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and thiazide diuretics, respectively. After PS matching, the risk of schizophrenia was not significantly different among the groups (ACE inhibitor vs. ARB: summary hazard ratio [HR] 1.15 [95% confidence interval, CI, 0.99–1.33]; ACE inhibitor vs. thiazide diuretics: summary HR 0.91 [95% CI, 0.78–1.07]). In the older subgroup, there was no significant difference between ACE inhibitors and thiazide diuretics (summary HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.71–1.16]). The risk for schizophrenia was significantly higher in the ACE inhibitor group than in the ARB group (summary HR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.05–1.43]).

Conclusions
The risk of schizophrenia was not significantly different between the ACE inhibitor vs. ARB and ACE inhibitor vs. thiazide diuretic groups. Further investigations are needed to determine the risk of schizophrenia associated with antihypertensive drugs, especially in people aged > 45 years.
Intersectional analysis of social disparities in type 2 diabetes risk among adults in Germany: results from a nationwide population-based survey
Authors: Färber Francesca , Alonso-Perez Enrique , Heidemann Christin , Du Yong , Stadler Gertraud , Gellert Paul , O’Sullivan Julie Lorraine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Differences in type 2 diabetes risk have been reported for several sociodemographic determinants including sex/gender or socioeconomic status. From an intersectional perspective, it is important to not only consider the role of social dimensions individually, but also their intersections. This allows for a deeper understanding of diabetes risk and preventive needs among diverse population groups.

Methods
As an intersectionality-informed approach, multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA) was used in a population-based sample of adults without known diabetes in Germany from the cross-sectional survey “Disease knowledge and information needs– Diabetes mellitus (2017)”. Diabetes risk was assessed by the German Diabetes Risk Score (GDRS, range 0-122 points), estimating the individual risk of developing type 2 diabetes within the next 5 years based on established self-reported risk factors. Nesting individuals in 12 intersectional strata defined by combining sex/gender, educational level, and history of migration, we calculated measures to quantify the extent to which individual differences in diabetes risk were explained at strata level, and how much this was due to additive or multiplicative intersectional effects of social determinants.

Results
Drawing on data of 2,253 participants, we found good discriminatory accuracy of intersectional strata (variance partition coefficient = 14.00% in the simple intersectional model). Model-predicted GDRS means varied between 29.97 (corresponding to a “low risk” of < 2%) in women with high educational level and a history of migration, and 52.73 (“still low risk” of 2–5%) in men with low educational level without a history of migration. Variance in GDRS between strata was mainly explained by additive effects of social determinants (proportional change in variance to intersectional interaction model = 77.95%) with being male and having low educational level being associated with higher GDRS. There was no evidence of multiplicative effects in individual strata.

Conclusions
Type 2 diabetes risk differed between intersectional strata and can to some extent be explained at strata level. The role of intersectional effects was minor and needs to be further investigated. Findings suggest a need for specific preventive measures targeted at large groups with increased diabetes risk, such as men and persons with low educational level.
Associations between problem technology use, life stress, and self-esteem among high school students
Authors: Idrees Blal , Sampasa-Kanyinga Hugues , Hamilton Hayley A. , Chaput Jean-Philippe 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Adolescence is a critical period for development, with many risk factors resulting in long-term health consequences, particularly regarding mental health. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between problem technology use, life stress, and self-esteem in a representative sample of adolescents residing in Ontario, Canada.

Methods
Self-reported data were obtained from a cross-sectional sample of 4,748 students (57.9% females) in grades 9 to 12 (mean age: 15.9 ± 1.3 years) who participated in the 2019 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey. Problem technology use was measured using the 6-item Short Problem Internet Use Test, life stress was assessed using an item from the British Columbia Adolescent Health Survey and self-esteem was assessed using a global measure from the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Ordinal logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnoracial background, subjective socioeconomic status, body mass index z-score, tobacco cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and cannabis use.

Results
We found that 18.3% of participants reported symptoms of moderate-to-high problem technology use, although symptoms were more common in females than males (22% vs. 14.7%, respectively). Moderate-to-high problem technology use was associated with 2.04 (95% CI: 1.77–2.35) times higher odds of reporting high life stress and 2.08 (95% CI: 1.76–2.45) times higher odds of reporting low self-esteem compared to all other response options.

Conclusions
Findings from this study show that problem technology use is strongly associated with higher life stress and lower self-esteem in adolescents. This study supports the importance of developing and implementing effective strategies that help to mitigate the adverse effects of problem technology use on adolescent mental health.
Risk of fall in patients with chronic kidney disease: results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS)
Authors: Lin Pinli , Wan Biyu , Zhong Jintao , Wang Mengya , Tang Fang , Wang Lingzhen , Guo Junjun , Ye Yuling , Liu Xusheng , Peng Lu , Deng Lili 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), often coexisting with various systemic disorders, may increase the risk of falls. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk of falls among patients with CKD in China.

Methods
We included patients with/without CKD from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Our primary outcome was the occurrence of fall accidents within the past 2 years. To enhance the robustness of our findings, we employed a multivariable logistic regression model, conducted propensity score analysis, and applied an inverse probability-weighting model.

Results
A total of 12,658 participants were included, the prevalence of fall accident rates were 17.1% (2,028/11,837) among participants without CKD and 24.7% (203/821) among those with CKD. In the inverse probability-weighting model, participants with CKD exhibited higher fall accident rates (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.08–1.53, p = 0.005 ). Sensitivity and subgroup analysis showed the results still stable.

Conclusions
The population in China afflicted with CKD has a significantly heightened risk of experiencing falls, underscoring the crucial importance of intensifying efforts in assessing and preventing fall risks.
Pathways between foodways and wellbeing for First Nations Australians
Authors: Anderson Kate , Elder-Robinson Elaina , Ferguson Megan , Fredericks Bronwyn , Sherriff Simone , Dickson Michelle , Howard Kirsten , Garvey Gail 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSupporting the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples (hereafter respectfully referred to as First Nations peoples) is a national priority for Australia. Despite immense losses of land, language, and governance caused by the continuing impact of colonisation, First Nations peoples have maintained strong connections with traditional food culture, while also creating new beliefs, preferences, and traditions around food, which together are termedfoodways. While foodways are known to support holistic health and wellbeing for First Nations peoples, the pathways via which this occurs have received limited attention.MethodsSecondary data analysis was conducted on two national qualitative datasets exploring wellbeing, which together included the views of 531 First Nations peoples (aged 12–92). Thematic analysis, guided by an Indigenist research methodology, was conducted to identify the pathways through which foodways impact on and support wellbeing for First Nations peoples.Results and conclusionsFive pathways through which wellbeing is supported via foodways for First Nations peoples were identified as:connecting with others through food; accessing traditional foods; experiencing joy in making and sharing food; sharing information about food and nutrition;andstrategies for improving food security. These findings offer constructive, nationally relevant evidence to guide and inform health and nutrition programs and services to harness the strengths and preferences of First Nations peoples to support the health and wellbeing of First Nations peoples more effectively.
Miyoshi myopathy associated with spine rigidity and multiple contractures: a case report
Authors: Bardakov Sergey N. , Titova Angelina A. , Nikitin Sergey S. , Nikitins Valentin , Sokolova Margarita O. , Tsargush Vadim A. , Yuhno Elena A. , Vetrovoj Oleg V. , Carlier Pierre G. , Sofronova Yana V. , Isaev Аrtur А. , Deev Roman V. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Dysferlinopathy is a phenotypically heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases caused by mutations in the DYSF gene. Early contractures are considered rare, and rigid spine syndrome in dysferlinopathy has been previously reported only once.

Case presentation
We describe a 23-year-old patient with Miyoshi myopathy with a rigid spine and multiple contractures, a rare phenotypic variant. The disease first manifested when the patient was 13 years old, with fatigue of the gastrocnemius muscles and the development of pronounced contractures of the Achilles tendons, flexors of the fingers, and extensors of the toes, followed by the involvement of large joints and the spine. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed signs of connective tissue and fatty replacement of the posterior muscles of the thighs and lower legs. Edema was noted in the anterior and medial muscle groups of the thighs, lower legs, and the multifidus muscle of the back. Whole genome sequencing revealed previously described mutations in the DYSF gene in exon 39 (c.4282 C > T) and intron 51 (c.5785-824 C > T). An immunohistochemical analysis and Western blot showed the complete absence of dysferlin protein expression in the muscle fibers.

Conclusions
This case expands the range of clinical and phenotypic correlations of dysferlinopathy and complements the diagnostic search for spine rigidity.
Contralateral translaminar endoscopic approach for highly down-migrated lumbar disc herniation using percutaneous biportal endoscopic surgery
Authors: Cheng Wei , Gao Wenshuo , Zhu Chengyue , Shao Rongxue , Wang Dong , Pan Hao , Zhang Wei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
Unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE)is a minimally invasive spine surgery with reduced traumatization of the posterior lumbar ligament and muscular structures. This study reports contralateral translaminar approach with UBE for highly down-migrated lumbar disc herniation (LDH).

Methods
Data of 32 patients with highly down-migrated LDH treated using UBE at our center from January 2020 to July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The operation time and perioperative complications were recorded, and the visual analog scale (VAS) of pain was recorded to evaluate the degree of lower back and extremity pain. The Oswestry disability index (ODI) was used to evaluate lumbar spine function. The modified MacNab score was used to evaluate clinical efficacy.

Results
All patients successfully underwent the operation, with a time range from 47 to 65 min and an average operation time of 56.09 ± 5.11 min. Overall, 17 and 15 were males and females, respectively, with ages ranging from 34 to 72 years and an average age of 56 ± 7.89 years. The postoperative follow-up period was 12–18 months, with an average of 14.9 ± 2.3 months. The postoperative lower back VAS pain score and ODI were statistically significant compared with preoperatively (P < 0.05). At the final follow-up, according to the modified Macnab criteria, 90.6% of cases were classified as good or excellent.

Conclusion
UBE treatment of highly down-migrated LDH through the contralateral translaminar approach is safe and efficient. Therefore, this approach can be an efficient alternative for patients with highly downward-migrating LDH.
The discrepancy in triggered electromyography responses between fatty filum and normal filum terminale
Authors: Cai Yizi , Wang Rui , Wang Junlu , Zhan Qijia , Wei Min , Xiao Bo , Wang Qiang , Jiang Wenbin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Functional role of filum terminale (FT) was not well studied though it contains structure basis for nerve impulse conduction. We aimed to explore the possible functions of the FT from the perspective of triggered electromyography (EMG) during surgery.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring data from pediatric patients who underwent intradural surgeries at the lumbar level in Shanghai Children’s. Hospital from January 2018 to March 2023. Altogether 168 cases with complete intraoperative neurophysiological recordings of the FT were selected for further analysis. Triggered EMG recordings of the filum originated from two main types of surgeries: selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) and fatty filum transection.

Results
96 cases underwent SDR and 72 cases underwent fatty filum transection. Electrical stimulation of the FT with fatty infiltration did not elicit electromyographic activity in the monitored muscles with the maximum stimulus intensity of 4.0 mA, while the average threshold for FT with normal appearance was 0.68 mA, and 89 out of 91 FT could elicit electromyographic responses in monitored channels. The threshold ratio of filum to motor nerve roots at the same surgical segment was significantly higher in patients with fatty filum, and a cut-off point of 21.03 yielded an area under curve of 0.943, with 100% sensitivity and 85.71% specificity.

Conclusion
Filum with normal appearance can elicit electromyographic activity in the lower limbs/anal sphincter similar to the performance of the cauda equina nerve roots. The threshold of fatty filum is different from that of normal appearing FT. Triggered EMG plays an important role in untethering surgeries.
“Problems you can live with” versus emergencies: how community members in rural Ethiopia contend with conditions requiring surgery
Authors: Negussie Hanna , Getachew Medhanit , Deneke Andualem , Tadesse Amezene , Abdella Ahmed , Prince Martin , Leather Andrew , Hanlon Charlotte , Willott Chris , Mayston Rosie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
98% of people with surgical conditions living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) do not receive safe, timely and affordable surgical and anesthesia care. Research exploring barriers to receiving care has tended to be narrow in focus, often facility-based and ignoring the community beliefs, experiences and behaviours that will be an essential component of closing the gap in surgical care. Using qualitative methods, we captured diverse community perspectives in rural Ethiopia: exploring beliefs, perceptions, knowledge and experiences related to surgical conditions, with the overall aim of (re)constructing explanatory models.

Methods
Our study was nested within a community-based survey of surgical conditions conducted in the Butajira Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, southern Ethiopia, and a follow-up study of people accessing surgical care in two local hospitals. We carried out 24 semi-structured interviews. Participants were community members who needed but did/did not access surgical care, community-based healthcare workers and traditional bone-setters. Interviews were conducted in Amharic, audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated into English. We initially carried out thematic analysis and we recognized that emerging themes were aligned with Kleinman’s explanatory models framework and decided to use this to guide the final stages of analysis.

Results
We found that community members primarily understood surgical conditions according to severity. We identified two categories: conditions you could live with and those which required urgent care, with the latter indicating a clear and direct path to surgical care whilst the former was associated with a longer, more complex and experimental pattern of help-seeking. Fear of surgery and poverty disrupted help-seeking, whilst community narratives based on individual experiences fed into the body of knowledge people used to inform decisions about care.

Conclusions
We found explanatory models to be flexible, responsive to new evidence about what might work best in the context of limited community resources. Our findings have important implications for future research and policy, suggesting that community-level barriers have the potential to be responsive to carefully designed interventions which take account of local knowledge and beliefs.
Evaluating the coding accuracy of type 2 diabetes mellitus among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Lee Seungwon , Shaheen Abdel Aziz , Campbell David J. T. , Naugler Christopher , Jiang Jason , Walker Robin L. , Quan Hude , Lee Joon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) describes a spectrum of chronic fattening of liver that can lead to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Diabetes has been identified as a major comorbidity that contributes to NAFLD progression. Health systems around the world make use of administrative data to conduct population-based prevalence studies. To that end, we sought to assess the accuracy of diabetes International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding in administrative databases among a cohort of confirmed NAFLD patients in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Methods
The Calgary NAFLD Pathway Database was linked to the following databases: Physician Claims, Discharge Abstract Database, National Ambulatory Care Reporting System, Pharmaceutical Information Network database, Laboratory, and Electronic Medical Records. Hemoglobin A1c and diabetes medication details were used to classify diabetes groups into absent, prediabetes, meeting glycemic targets, and not meeting glycemic targets. The performance of ICD codes among these groups was compared to this standard. Within each group, the total numbers of true positives, false positives, false negatives, and true negatives were calculated. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were conducted on identified covariates, including demographics and types of interacted physicians.

Results
A total of 12,012 NAFLD patients were registered through the Calgary NAFLD Pathway Database and 100% were successfully linked to the administrative databases. Overall, diabetes coding showed a sensitivity of 0.81 and a positive predictive value of 0.87. False negative rates in the absent and not meeting glycemic control groups were 4.5% and 6.4%, respectively, whereas the meeting glycemic control group had a 42.2% coding error. Visits to primary and outpatient services were associated with most encounters.

Conclusion
Diabetes ICD coding in administrative databases can accurately detect true diabetic cases. However, patients with diabetes who meets glycemic control targets are less likely to be coded in administrative databases. A detailed understanding of the clinical context will require additional data linkage from primary care settings.