bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERT era, race‐based healthcare disparities in a large urban safety net hospital
Authors: Dronamraju Veena H. , Lio Ka U. , Badlani Rohan , Cheng Ke , Rali Parth 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPulmonary embolism (PE) is the third leading cause of cardiovascular death in the United States. Black Americans have higher incidence, greater clot severity, and worse outcomes than White Americans. This disparity is not fully understood, especially in the context of the advent of PE response teams (PERT), which aim to standardize PE‐related care. This retrospective single‐center cohort study compared 294 Black and 131 White patients from our institution's PERT database. Primary objectives included severity and in‐hospital management. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, 30‐day readmission, 30‐day mortality, and outpatient follow‐up. Clot (p = 0.42), acute treatment (p = 0.28), 30‐day mortality (p = 0.77), 30‐day readmission (p = 0.50), and outpatient follow‐up (p = 0.98) were similar between races. Black patients had a lower mean household income ($35,383, SD 20,596) than White patients ($63,396, SD 32,987) (p < 0.0001). More Black patients (78.8%) had exclusively government insurance (Medicare/Medicaid) compared to White patients (61.8%) (p = 0.006). Interestingly, government insurance patients had less follow‐up (58.3%) than private insurance patients (79.7%) (p = 0.001). Notably, patients with follow‐up had fewer 30‐day readmissions. Specifically, 12.2% of patients with follow‐up were readmitted compared to 22.2% of patients without follow‐up (p = 0.008). There were no significant differences in PE severity, in‐hospital treatment, mortality, or readmissions between Black and White patients. However, patients with government insurance had less follow‐up and more readmissions, indicating a socioeconomic disparity. Access barriers such as health literacy, treatment cost, and transportation may contribute to this inequity. Improving access to follow‐up care may reduce the disparity in PE outcomes.
Dopant Enhanced Conjugated Polymer Thin Film for Low‐Power, Flexible and Wearable DMMP Sensor
Authors: Song Jian , Lu Huimin , Liu Meng , Hu Hong , Jiang Jingyan , Zhang Lei , Li Hui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConjugated polymer has the potential to be applied on flexible devices as an active layer, but further investigation is still hindered by poor conductivity and mechanical stability. Here, this work demonstrates a dopant‐enhanced conductive polymer thin film and its application in dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) sensor. Among five comparable polymers this work employs, poly(bisdodecylthioquaterthiophene) (PQTS12) achieves the highest doping efficiency after doped by FeCl3, with the conductivity increasing by about five orders of magnitude. The changes in Young's modulus are also considered to optimize the conductivity and flexibility of this thin film, and finally the decay of conductivity is only 9.2% after 3000 times of mechanical bending. This work applies this thin film as the active layer of the DMMP gas sensor, which could be operated under 1 mV driving voltage and 28 nW power consumption, with a sustainable durability against bending and compression. In addition, this sensor is provided with alarm capability while exposed to the DMMP atmospheres at different hazard levels. This work expects that this general approach could offer solutions for the fabrication of low‐power and flexible gas sensors, and provide guidance for next‐generation wearable devices with broader applications.
Dielectric Regulation for Efficient Top‐Emission Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with Suppressed Efficiency Roll‐off
Authors: Yan Minxing , Zhou Lingfeng , Wang Lixiang , Luo Guangjie , Xu Li , Yang Deren , Fang Yanjun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have shown incalculable application potential in the fields of next‐generation displays and light communication owing to the rapidly increased external quantum efficiencies (EQEs). However, most PeLEDs obtain a maximum EQE at small current density (J) region and suffer from severe efficiency roll‐off in different extents. Herein, it is demonstrated that the dopant with large dipole moment like KBF4 facilitates the effective dielectric regulation of perovskite emissive layer. The increased dielectric constant lowers the exciton binding energy and suppresses the Auger recombination of the 2D/3D segregated perovskite structure, which improves the photoluminescence quantum yield remarkably at an excitation intensity up to 103 mW cm−2. Accordingly, the top‐emission PeLED that delivers a high maximum EQE above 20% is fabricated and can retain EQE > 10% at an extremely high J of 708 mA cm−2. These results represent one of the most efficient top‐emission PeLEDs with ultra‐low efficiency roll‐off, which provide a viable methodology for tuning the dielectric response of perovskite films for improved high radiance performance of perovskite electroluminescence devices.
Atom‐Economical Synthesis of Lewis Acidic Boron Containing Porous Organic Polymers via Hydroboration Polymerization for Basic Chemical Capture
Authors: Dong Chengcheng , Cao Linzhu , Xu Xinmeng , Tao Xin , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAtom economy is one of the main concerns for material synthesis. Here, the facile synthesis of Lewis acidic boron‐containing porous organic polymers (B‐POPs) via hydroboration polymerization reaction of commercially available borane dimethyl sulfide complex (BH3∙SMe2) with multi‐alkynes under mild reaction conditions is presented. This new synthetic method for B‐POPs has the advantage of high atom economy. The resulted porous alkenyl borane polymers (PABPs) have unique features such as high boron content, strong Lewis acidity, and high surface areas. Owing to the strong Lewis acid‐base interactions, PABPs exhibit excellent adsorptive capacity toward triethylamine (up to 841 mg g−1) and pyridine (up to 1396 mg g−1) vapor.
Entwicklung und Evaluation einer Ultraschallnavigation für Freihandbiopsien kleiner Raumforderungen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich
Authors: Scherl Claudia , Otto Marie , Ghanem Ibrahim , Moviglia Javier , Sadi Fabian , Gnilka Tirza , Rotter Nicole , Zaubitzer Lena , Stallkamp Jan 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Ultraschall als wichtiges Bildgebungsverfahren im Kopf-Hals-Bereich ist leicht verfügbar, dynamisch, kostengünstig und ohne Strahlenbelastung. Eingriffe in der komplexen Kopf-Hals-Anatomie erfordern eine gute Orientierung, die durch Navigationssysteme unterstützt wird.

Ziel der Arbeit
Entwicklung eines neuen ultraschallkontrollierten Navigationssystems zur Punktion kleiner Zielstrukturen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich.

Methodik
Es wurde ein Halsphantom mit sonographierbaren Raumforderungen (RF; Größe: 8–10 mm) konstruiert. Diese wurden automatisch mittels eines ResNet-50-basierten tiefen neuronalen Netzes segmentiert. Der Ultraschallkopf (UK) wurde mit einem individuell hergestellten Trackingtool versehen.

Ergebnisse
Die Positionen von Ultraschallgerät, RF und Punktionsnadel wurden im Weltkoordinatensystem erfasst. In 8 von 10 Fällen wurde eine 8 mm große RF getroffen. Die durchschnittliche Abweichung wurde mit 2,5 mm in einem speziellen Evaluationsphantom berechnet. Die getrackte Biopsienadel wird durch auditives Feedback ausgerichtet und zur RF navigiert.

Schlussfolgerung
Herausragende Vorteile im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Navigationssystemen sind: Verzicht auf präoperative Schnittbildgebung, automatische dreidimensionale Echtzeitregistrierung, welche die intraoperative Gewebeverschiebungen berücksichtigt, Beibehaltung der optischen Achse des Operateurs auf den Situs, ohne dass auf einen Navigationsmonitor geschaut werden muss, und beidhändiges Arbeiten ohne Halten des UK während der Punktion. Insgesamt lässt sich das beschriebene Funktionsmuster außer für Nadelbiopsien auch in der offenen Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie anwenden.
Enhancement and Comparison of (Ceftazidime-)Avibactam Plus Aztreonam Susceptibility Tests for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Clinical Diagnostics
Authors: Vlaspolder Gro L. , Hughes Laura A. , Huis in ’t Veld Robert A. G. , Kampinga Greetje A. , Bathoorn Erik 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStenotrophomonas maltophilia is naturally resistant to many antimicrobials. We evaluated the in vitro activity and reproducibility of two different super-position methods of aztreonam in combination with ceftazidime-avibactam for S. maltophilia and compared these results with the recently available aztreonam-avibactam gradient strip. We recommend an improved super-position method that avoids the possible risk of handling a contaminated aztreonam strip. In addition, we report that the cefazidime-avibactam and aztreonam super-position method showed increased in vitro activity in comparison with aztreonam-avibactam indicating activity of the ceftazidime component in vitro.
The effect of enterocin A/P dipeptide on growth performance, glutathione-peroxidase activity, IgA secretion and jejunal morphology in rabbits after experimental methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis P3Tr2a Infection
Authors: Pogány Simonová Monika , Chrastinová Ľubica , Ščerbová Jana , Focková Valentína , Plachá Iveta , Tokarčíková Katarína , Žitňan Rudolf , Lauková Andrea 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe increasing frequency of methicillin-resistant (MR) staphylococci in humans and animals need special attention for their difficult treatment and zoonotic character, therefore novel antimicrobial compounds on a natural base against antibiotic-resistant bacteria are requested. Currently, bacteriocins/enterocins present a new promising way to overcome this problem, both in prevention and treatment. Therefore, the preventive and medicinal effect of dipeptide enterocin EntA/P was evaluated against MR Staphylococcus epidermidis SEP3/Tr2a strain in a rabbit model, testing their influence on growth performance, glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activity, phagocytic activity (PA), secretory (s)IgA, and jejunal morphometry (JM). Eighty-eight rabbits (aged 35 days, meat line M91, both sexes) were divided into experimental groups S (SEP3/Tr2a strain; 1.0 × 105 CFU/mL; dose 500µL/animal/day for 7 days, between days 14 and 21 to simulate the pathogen attack), E (EntA/P; 50 µL/animal/day, 25,600 AU/mL in two intervals, for preventive effect between days 0 and 14; for medicinal effect between days 28 and 42), E + S (EntA/P + SEP3/Tr2a; preventive effect; SEP3/Tr2a + EntA/P; medicinal effect) and control group (C; without additives). Higher body weight was recorded in all experimental groups (p < 0.001) compared to control data. The negative influence/attack of the SEP3Tra2 strain on the intestinal immunity and environment was reflected as decreased GPx activity, worse JM parameters and higher sIgA concentration in infected rabbits. These results suggest the promising preventive use of EntA/P to improve the immunity and growth of rabbits, as well as its therapeutic potential and protective role against staphylococcal infections in rabbit breeding.
Flexibel, stabil und effektiv? Zum Stand der Forschung über Minderheitsregierungen
Authors: Thürk Maria , Stecker Christian 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungMinderheitsregierungen stellen im internationalen Vergleich etwa ein Drittel aller Regierungen in etablierten parlamentarischen Demokratien dar. Insbesondere in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten lässt sich international ein deutlicher Anstieg von Minderheitsregierungen feststellen. Während Minderheitsregierungen im deutschen Sprachraum oft kritisch betrachtet werden und üblicherweise nur als Notlösung in Ausnahmefällen gelten, sind sie in Skandinavien oder Neuseeland der reguläre Modus des Regierens. Im vorliegenden Literaturbericht wird der aktuelle Forschungsstand zum Regieren von Minderheitskabinetten sowohl auf nationaler als auch auf internationaler Ebene dargelegt. Zunächst wird erörtert, wie Minderheitsregierungen definiert werden und wo sie häufig anzutreffen sind. Anschließend beleuchtet der Bericht die Handlungskalküle von Parteien und erläutert, warum es für sie eine rationale Strategie sein kann, Minderheitsregierungen zu tolerieren, anstatt an der Regierung teilzunehmen. Weiterhin werden die institutionellen und situativen Bedingungen erläutert, unter denen die Bildung von Minderheitsregierungen wahrscheinlicher wird. Es werden auch die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, wie Minderheitsregierungen parlamentarische Mehrheiten für die Durchsetzung ihres Programms organisieren können. Abschließend wird die Performanz von Minderheitsregierungen diskutiert, wobei sowohl die Nachteile als auch die zahlreichen normativen Vorteile beleuchtet werden.
The adverse outcome pathway for breast cancer: a knowledge management framework bridging biomedicine and toxicology
Authors: von Coburg Elena , Dunst Sebastian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases diagnosed every year. Effective measures for cancer prevention and cancer therapy require a detailed understanding of the individual key disease mechanisms involved and their interactions at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and organism level. In that regard, the rapid progress of biomedical and toxicological research in recent years now allows the pursuit of new approaches based on non-animal methods that provide greater mechanistic insight than traditional animal models and therefore facilitate the development of Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) for human diseases. We performed a systematic review of the current state of published knowledge with regard to breast cancer to identify relevant key mechanisms for inclusion into breast cancer AOPs, i.e. decreased cell stiffness and decreased cell adhesion, and to concurrently map non-animal methods addressing these key events. We conclude that the broader sharing of expertise and methods between biomedical research and toxicology enabled by the AOP knowledge management framework can help to coordinate global research efforts and accelerate the transition to advanced non-animal methods, which, when combined into powerful method batteries, closely mimic human physiology and disease states without the need for animal testing.
Multiple Hypointense Vessels are Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Single Subcortical Infarction
Authors: Yang Tang , Peng Pengfei , Jiang Shuai , Yan Yuying , Hu Yi , Wang Hang , Ye Chen , Pan Ruosu , Sun Jiayu , Wu Bo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe aimed to explore the relationship between multiple hypointense vessels and cognitive function in patients with single subcortical infarction (SSI) and the role of SSI with different etiological mechanisms in the above relationship. Multiple hypointense vessels were measured by the number of deep medullary veins (DMVs), DMVs score, and cortical veins (CVs) score. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Shape Trail Test (STT), and the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) were assessed to evaluate cognitive function. SSI was dichotomized as branch atheromatous disease (BAD) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD)-related SSI by whole-brain vessel-wall magnetic resonance imaging. We included a total of 103 acute SSI patients. After adjustments were made for related risk factors of cognitive function, the SSI patients with higher DMVs score were more likely to have longer STT-B (P = 0.001) and smaller STT-B-1 min (P = 0.014), and the SSI patients with higher CVs score were more likely to have shorter STT-A (P = 0.049). In subgroup analysis, we found that the negative relationship between DMVs scores and cognitive function and the positive relationship between CVs scores and cognitive function were significantly stronger in BAD patients. We provided valuable insights into the associations between DMVs, CVs, and multi-domain cognitive impairment in SSI patients, which underscored the necessity to further study the dynamic alterations of venules and their specific influence on post-stroke cognitive impairment.
Machine learning techniques to predict the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy: a literature review
Authors: Mesquita F. , Bernardino J. , Henriques J. , Raposo JF. , Ribeiro RT. , Paredes S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Diabetes is a major public health challenge with widespread prevalence, often leading to complications such as Diabetic Nephropathy (DN)—a chronic condition that progressively impairs kidney function. In this context, it is important to evaluate if Machine learning models can exploit the inherent temporal factor in clinical data to predict the risk of developing DN faster and more accurately than current clinical models.

Methods
Three different databases were used for this literature review: Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. Only articles written in English and published between January 2015 and December 2022 were included.

Results
We included 11 studies, from which we discuss a number of algorithms capable of extracting knowledge from clinical data, incorporating dynamic aspects in patient assessment, and exploring their evolution over time. We also present a comparison of the different approaches, their performance, advantages, disadvantages, interpretation, and the value that the time factor can bring to a more successful prediction of diabetic nephropathy.

Conclusion
Our analysis showed that some studies ignored the temporal factor, while others partially exploited it. Greater use of the temporal aspect inherent in Electronic Health Records (EHR) data, together with the integration of omics data, could lead to the development of more reliable and powerful predictive models.
The Effects of Physical Activity Interventions in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yinhua , Feng Yanqing , Zhong Jiugen , Zou Zhi , Lan Wanting , Shen Yingying , Gong Jiaheng , Zhao Benxuan , Tong Cong , Sit Cindy Hui-Ping , Hou Xiaohui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe conducted a network meta-analysis to assess and rank the efficacy of different physical activities on motor function, social function, communication, and stereotyped behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder. PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched through May 25, 2023. A total of 37 studies involving 1200 participants and 17 interventions were included in our study. Based on the ranking probabilities, Tai Chi Chuan and fundamental motor skill intervention were ranked as possibly the most effective intervention for motor function and communication, respectively. Kata techniques had the highest probability of being best for stereotyped behavior and social function. This review provides valuable information that physical activity can be a useful strategy in the management of autism spectrum disorder.
Classification and spectrum optimization method of grease based on infrared spectrum
Authors: Feng Xin , Xia Yanqiu , Xie Peiyuan , Li Xiaohe 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe infrared (IR) absorption spectral data of 63 kinds of lubricating greases containing six different types of thickeners were obtained using the IR spectroscopy. The Kohonen neural network algorithm was used to identify the type of the lubricating grease. The results show that this machine learning method can effectively eliminate the interference fringes in the IR spectrum, and complete the feature selection and dimensionality reduction of the high-dimensional spectral data. The 63 kinds of greases exhibit spatial clustering under certain IR spectrum recognition spectral bands, which are linked to characteristic peaks of lubricating greases and improve the recognition accuracy of these greases. The model achieved recognition accuracy of 100.00%, 96.08%, 94.87%, 100.00%, and 87.50% for polyurea grease, calcium sulfonate composite grease, aluminum (Al)-based grease, bentonite grease, and lithium-based grease, respectively. Based on the different IR absorption spectrum bands produced by each kind of lubricating grease, the three-dimensional spatial distribution map of the lubricating grease drawn also verifies the accuracy of classification while recognizing the accuracy. This paper demonstrates fast recognition speed and high accuracy, proving that the Kohonen neural network algorithm has an efficient recognition ability for identifying the types of the lubricating grease.
Bewertungskompetenz in Biologieschulbüchern: Eine integrativ-inhaltsanalytische Untersuchung von Schulbuchaufgaben für die Sekundarstufe I
Authors: Leubecher René , Zabel Jörg , Funke Maja , Linnenkemper Victor , Schneider Michael , Bergmann-Gering Alexander 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungBiologielehrkräfte beklagen einen Mangel an Unterrichtsmaterial zur Förderung der Bewertungskompetenz ihrer Schüler:innen. Schulbücher sollten entsprechendes Unterrichtsmaterial, wie bspw. kompetenzorientierte Aufgaben, enthalten, da sie kultusministeriell legitimiert sind und demnach den Bildungsstandards bzw. Lehrplänen folgen sollten. Daher verwundert der beklagte Mangel an Material. Um das Phänomen besser zu verstehen, wurden die Aufgaben (n = 39.464) von in Deutschland zugelassenen Schulbüchern (n = 72) integrativ-inhaltsanalytisch untersucht. Dazu wurden Systematisierungen bioethischer Themenfelder und das Oldenburger Modell der Bewertungskompetenz genutzt und das Ziel verfolgt, zu prüfen, inwieweit die Schulbuchaufgaben den Erwerb von Bewertungskompetenz im Verlauf der Sekundarstufe I ansteuern. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Schulbuchaufgaben zur Förderung von Bewertungskompetenz (n = 3191) insgesamt unterrepräsentiert sind. Ferner werden vor allem sozialethische Themen angesprochen, während wissenschaftsethische Themen kaum aufgegriffen werden. Die vorhandenen Aufgaben zeigen kein systematisches Förderpotential, da sie vor allem auf das Argumentieren abzielen, während die ethische Dimension kaum ausgeleuchtet wird. Auf Grundlage dieser Befunde diskutiert der Beitrag die Qualität von Schulbuchaufgaben zur Förderung von Bewertungskompetenz, die Rolle des Schulbuchs für die Unterrichtsvorbereitung und -durchführung von Biologielehrkräfte sowie als Treiber von curricularen Reformen.
„Fertig, du bist über sieben.“ – Schülervorstellungen zur Kooperation in Experimentierphasen von Naturwissenschaftsunterricht
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas , Menthe Jürgen , Gómez Thews Sina 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungIn der Didaktik wird Kooperation in der Regel eher aus der Perspektive der Lernmotive und des sozialen Lernens als aus der des fachlichen Lernens betrachtet. Anhand videographierter Unterrichtssituationen im Naturwissenschaftsunterricht wird im vorliegenden Beitrag rekonstruiert, welche Vorstellungen und Überzeugungen von Schüler*innen (S*S) sich in Interaktionen gemeinsamer Experimentierphasen und in den beobachteten fachbezogenen, gegenständlichen Tätigkeiten niederschlagen. Eine Interaktionsanalyse auf der Grundlage der Dokumentarischen Methode (DM) erfasst die Schülervorstellungen und den durch die Lehrkraft geschaffenen Orientierungsrahmen sowohl auf der Ebene des konjunktiven wie des kommunikativen Wissens. Am Videomaterial werden insgesamt acht z. T. für den Naturwissenschaftsunterricht spezifische Orientierungen der S*S zur Kooperation und zum gemeinsamen Lernen beim Experimentieren rekonstruiert, die sich im Handeln der S*S dokumentieren. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund der aus fachdidaktisch-normativer Sicht intendierten Lernziele, Kooperationsanlässe und Handlungsabläufe diskutiert. In der Diskussion wird auf methodologischer Ebene der Erkenntnisgewinn durch die Analyse von Schülervorstellungen mittels der DM herausgestellt.