bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etanercept versus methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: Two‐year radiographic and clinical outcomes
Authors: Genovese Mark C. , Bathon Joan M. , Martin Richard W. , Fleischmann Roy M. , Tesser John R. , Schiff Michael H. , Keystone Edward C. , Wasko Mary Chester , Moreland Larry W. , Weaver Arthur L. , Markenson Joseph , Cannon Grant W. , Spencer‐Green George , Finck Barbara K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who received monotherapy with either etanercept or methotrexate (MTX) for 2 years and to assess the safety of this therapy.MethodsIn the Enbrel ERA (early rheumatoid arthritis) trial, 632 patients with early, active RA were randomized to receive either twice‐weekly subcutaneous etanercept (10 mg or 25 mg) or weekly oral MTX (mean dosage 19 mg per week) for at least 1 year in a double‐blind manner. Following the blinded phase of the trial, 512 patients continued to receive the therapy to which they had been randomized for up to 1 additional year, in an open‐label manner. Radiograph readers remained blinded to treatment group assignment and the chronologic order of images.ResultsAt 24 months, more 25‐mg etanercept patients than MTX patients met American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (72% and 59%, respectively; P = 0.005), and more had no increase in total score and erosion scores on the Sharp scale (P = 0.017 and P = 0.012, respectively). The mean changes in total Sharp score and erosion score in the 25‐mg etanercept group (1.3 and 0.66 units, respectively) were significantly lower than those in the MTX group (3.2 and 1.86 units, respectively; P = 0.001). Significantly more patients in the 25‐mg etanercept group (55%) than in the MTX group (37%) had at least 0.5 units of improvement in the Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index (P < 0.001). Fewer patients in the etanercept group than in the MTX group experienced adverse events or discontinued treatment because of adverse events.ConclusionEtanercept as monotherapy was safe and was superior to MTX in reducing disease activity, arresting structural damage, and decreasing disability over 2 years in patients with early, aggressive RA.
Role of NOD2 variants in spondylarthritis
Authors: Crane Alison M. , Bradbury Linda , van Heel David A. , McGovern Dermot P. B. , Brophy Sinead , Rubin Laurence , Siminovitch Katherine A. , Wordsworth B. Paul , Calin Andrei , Brown Matthew A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the role of the gene NOD2 in susceptibility to, and clinical manifestations of, ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsA case–control study of NOD2 polymorphisms known to be associated with Crohn's disease (CD) (Pro268Ser, Arg702Trp, Gly908Arg, and Leu1007fsinsC) was performed in 229 cases of primary AS with no diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 197 cases of AS associated with IBD (referred to as colitic spondylarthritis; comprising 78 with CD and 119 with ulcerative colitis [UC]), and 229 ethnically matched, healthy controls. Associations between NOD2 polymorphisms and several clinical features of AS, including disease severity assessed by questionnaire and age at spondylarthritis onset, were also investigated. Exclusion linkage mapping of chromosome 16 was performed in a separate group of 185 multicase families with AS.ResultsAn association was identified between Gly908Arg and UC spondylarthritis (P = 0.016, odds ratio [OR] 4.6, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.3–16), and a nonsignificant trend with a similar magnitude was observed in association with CD spondylarthritis (P = 0.08, OR 3.9, 95% CI 0.8–18). The Pro268Ser variant was inversely associated with UC spondylarthritis (P = 0.003, OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37–0.82), but not with CD spondylarthritis. No association was demonstrated between NOD2 variants and primary AS, or between other variants of NOD2 and either UC or CD spondylarthritis. Carriage of the Pro268Ser polymorphism was associated with greater disease activity as measured by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (P = 0.002). Although patients with CD had a younger age at spondylarthritis onset than did those with UC (22.4 years versus 26.4 years; P = 0.01), no association was noted between the NOD2 variants linked with CD and age at spondylarthritis onset. In primary AS, the presence of a gene with a magnitude of association >2.0 was excluded (exclusion logarithm of odds score less than −2.0), and no association was observed with the microsatellite D16S3136.ConclusionNOD2 variants do not significantly affect the risk of developing primary AS, but may influence susceptibility to, and clinical manifestations of, colitic spondylarthritis.
Association of interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐1B gene variants with Larsen score progression in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Genevay Stéphane , Di Giovine Francesco S. , Perneger Thomas V. , Silvestri Tania , Stingelin Sibylle , Duff Gordon , Guerne Pierre‐André 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a genetic association study using markers in the interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) gene cluster and the IL‐4/IL‐4 receptor system genes, seeking evidence for involvement in the onset or the erosive outcome of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe tested the allelic distribution of IL‐1A (+4845), IL‐1B (−511), IL‐1B (+3954), IL‐1RN (+2018), IL‐4 variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR), and IL‐4R (+1902) in 233 patients with RA, 99 with polymyalgia rheumatica, and 148 ethnically matched controls. We analyzed the frequency of these gene variants in respect to presence of disease, but also to the degree of radiologic erosions (Larsen score) as a function of disease duration in 157 patients who had available radiographs of both hands.ResultsNone of the 6 genetic polymorphisms was significantly different in frequency between RA patients and healthy controls or patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. Among RA patients, the rarer (#2) alleles of IL‐4 VNTR and IL‐1B (−511) were both associated with a milder Larsen score progression: The slope of Larsen progression in the rare allele groups diverged significantly from those of the frequent allele groups after approximately 20 years of disease duration (P< 0.001).ConclusionNone of the markers tested were shown to be associated with increased or decreased risk of RA. The rarer alleles of IL‐4 VNTR and IL‐1B (−511) appear to be associated with a less severe course in RA of long duration.
T cell receptor repertoire of T cells in the kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis
Authors: Murata Hideyuki , Matsumura Ryutaro , Koyama Akio , Sugiyama Takao , Sueishi Makoto , Shibuya Kazuko , Tsutsumi Akito , Sumida Takayuki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the role of T cells in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN).MethodsRenal biopsy specimens from 12 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were used for the experiments. We analyzed T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ1–20 family genes on intrarenal T cells and on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) by nested reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analysis. Nucleotide sequence was determined in the third complementarity‐determining region of the TCR Vβ gene in expanded T cells. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines on infiltrating T cells were measured by nested PCR.ResultsThe repertoire of TCR Vβ in intrarenal T cells was relatively restricted compared with that in PBLs. The TCR Vβ8 and TCR Vβ20 genes were preferentially expressed in 6 of 12 patients (50%) and the TCR Vβ9 and TCR Vβ14 genes were expressed in 5 of 12 patients (42%). Junctional sequences of complementary DNA encoding the TCR Vβ8 and TCR Vβ20 genes in intrarenal T cells showed oligoclonal expansion, indicating antigen‐driven stimulation. Interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and IL‐10 mRNA were highly expressed on intrarenal T cells, while interferon‐γ mRNA was not detected.ConclusionOur findings suggest that T cells infiltrating the kidneys of patients with LN may recognize restricted epitopes on antigens and function as Th2‐type T cells.
Domain visualization using VxInsight® for science and technology management
Authors: Boyack Kevin W. , Wylie Brian N. , Davidson George S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe present the application of our knowledge visualization tool, VxInsight®, to enable domain analysis for science and technology management within the enterprise. Data mining from sources of bibliographic information is used to define subsets of information relevant to a technology domain. Relationships between the individual objects (e.g., articles) are identified using citations, descriptive terms, or textual similarities. Objects are then clustered using a force‐directed placement algorithm to produce a terrain view of the many thousands of objects. A variety of features that allow exploration and manipulation of the landscapes and that give detail on demand, enable quick and powerful analysis of the resulting landscapes. Examples of domain analyses used in S&T management at Sandia are given.
Information seeking and mediated searching. Part 5. User–intermediary interaction
Authors: Ellis David , Wilson T.D. , Ford Nigel , Foster Allen , Lam H.M. , Burton R. , Spink Amanda 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article is the fifth in a series of articles from our study examining information‐seeking behavior in relation to information‐retrieval (IR) interaction. This article focuses on the examination of the interaction variables within Saracevic's (1989) triadic IR model. The analysis involved an examination of the information‐searching behavior of academic researchers during a mediated interaction with an IR system, particularly concentrating on the interaction between the information seeker, the search intermediary, and the IR system. To explore the variables during mediated search interaction, two small‐scale studies of mediated on‐line searching were conducted at the University of Sheffield. The studies involved mainly qualitative data analysis of interview transcripts and on‐line search results, together with quantitative data analysis of questionnaire results. The studies specifically investigated: (1) aspects of the mediated search process, (2) relevant information sources, and (3) interaction measures derived from search logs and tape transcripts, and related interaction measures. Findings include: (1) a number of different types of interactions were identified, (2) the presearching interactions between information seeker and intermediary aided the information seeker to identify their idea and problem, and (3) most information seekers in this study were at the problem definition stage or problem resolution stage following the search process. From this research, it is clear that the interaction did affect the search process. The intermediary helped the users to identify their search terms more clearly and focus on the references obtained. In most cases, the users and intermediary considered the communication process very effective, and the interactions that took place during the on‐line search were found to affect the users' perceptions of the problem, personal knowledge, and relevance judgments. The interaction process aided the users to obtain very useful results with help from the intermediary. In general, the users gave a positive evaluation of the retrieved answers in terms of focus, completeness, novelty, and degree of nonrelevancy.
The Fox and the thyroid: The amphioxus perspective
Authors: Mazet Françoise 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe evolutionary origins of several vertebrate organs are still controversial. The thyroid is classically thought to derive directly from the endostyle (a pharyngeal organ found in urochordates, cephalochordates and lampreys). Several molecular and biochemical lines of evidence agree with this scenario. However, a recent paper,1 describing the expression of a FoxE ortholog in amphioxus, suggests that some molecular pathways might actually have been recruited from an adjacent region of the pharynx. Although additional data from urochordates and lamprey are needed to confirm this hypothesis; these results propose an interesting new scenario for thyroid evolution that involved the reorganisation of genetical and morphological features in the pharyngeal endoderm in order to give rise to a entirely new organ. They also give an indication that the ancestral role of the FoxE gene family was probably limited to the differentiation of part of the pharynx. BioEssays 24:696–699, 2002. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intermolecular Overhauser effects in fluoroalcohol solutions of cyclo‐alanylglycine
Authors: Strickler M. A. , Gerig J. T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInteractions between the diketopiperazine cyclo‐alanylglycine and four fluorinated alcohols in water–fluoroalcohol mixtures were examined by 1H{19F} intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE) experiments. The alcohols studied were trifluoroethanol, hexafluoroacetone trihydrate, 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropanol and perfluoro‐t‐butanol. The experimental methods used permit detection of solvent–solute NOEs of 0.1% or less. Solute and solvent diffusion coefficients were determined and apparent molecular radii of the fluoroalcohols estimated. Using these data, it was shown that observed 1H{19F} intermolecular NOEs are consistent with expectations based on theory. A method for extending conventional theory to take into account the shape of a solute and the exposure of its hydrogens to solvent is described. This approach gives reasonable agreement with experimental results, particularly if it is assumed that solute–solvent interactions take place in such a way that the fluorines of a fluoroalcohol are preferentially oriented toward the solute during solute–solvent encounters. The results support the suggestion that intermolecular 1H{19F} NOEs may become a useful tool for studies of peptide and protein conformations in fluoroalcohol–water solvent mixtures. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 64: 227–235, 2002
Predicting amino acid residues responsible for enzyme specificity solely from protein sequences
Authors: Shaw Eudean , Dordick Jonathan S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe describe a general, modular method for developing protocols to identify the amino acid residues that most likely define the division of a protein superfamily into two subsets. As one possibility, we use PROBEto gather superfamily members and perform an ungapped alignment. We then use a modified BLOSUM62substitution matrix to determine the discriminating power of each column of aligned residues. The overall method is particularly useful for predicting amino acids responsible for substrate or binding specificity when no structures are available. We apply our method to three pairs of protein classes in three different superfamilies, and present our results, some of which have been experimentally verified. This approach may accelerate the elucidation of enzymic substrate specificity, which is critical for both mechanistic insights into biocatalysis and ultimate application. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 295–300, 2002.
Fractional precipitation of plasmid DNA from lysate by CTAB
Authors: Lander Russel J. , Winters Michael A. , Meacle Francis J. , Buckland Barry C. , Lee Ann L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPreparative‐scale purification of plasmid DNA has been attempted by diverse methods, including precipitation with solvents, salts, and detergents and chromatography with ion‐exchange, reversed‐phase, and size‐exclusion columns. Chromatographic methods such as hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), reversed phase chromatography (RPC), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) are the only effective means of eliminating the closely related relaxed and denatured forms of plasmid as well as endotoxin to acceptable levels. However, the anticipated costs of manufacturing‐scale chromatography are high due to (a) large projected volumes of the high‐dosage therapeutic molecule and (b) restricted loading of the large plasmid molecule in the pores of expensive resins. As an alternative to chromatography, we show herein that precipitation with the cationic detergent, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), is effective for selective precipitation of plasmid DNA from proteins, RNA, and endotoxin. Moreover, CTAB affords novel selectivity by removal of host genomic DNA and even the more closely related relaxed and denatured forms of plasmid as earlier, separate fractions. Finally, plasmid that has been precipitated by CTAB can be purified by selectively dissolving under conditions of controlled salt concentration. The selectivity mechanism is most likely based upon conformational differences among the several forms of DNA. As such, CTAB precipitation provides an ideal nonchromatographic capture step for the manufacture of plasmid DNA. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 776–784, 2002.
Effects of mood and emotion on juror processing and judgments
Authors: Semmler Carolyn , Brewer Neil 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study explored the influence of mood and emotion on mock‐jurors' processing of testimonial inconsistencies, perceptions of witness credibility and offender culpability, and verdicts. Jurors' mood and testimonial consistency were manipulated using a simulated trial with a 2 (mood: sad/neutral)×2 (testimonial consistency: consistent/inconsistent) between‐groups design. Sad mood resulted in more accurate reporting of testimonial inconsistencies, a finding consistent with previous research indicating more substantive processing in association with sad mood. Direct relationships between veridicality and number of inconsistencies detected and mock‐juror judgments were also observed. Although anger was not experimentally manipulated, the data suggest that trial circumstances which arouse anger in jurors may impair processing and also bias their judgments of witnesses and defendants. Possible directions for research on mood and emotion in the courtroom context are suggested. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term clinical outcomes after coronary angioplasty using long stents in small coronary vessels
Authors: Danzi Gian Battista , Sesana Marco , Capuano Cinzia , Di Blasi Alberto , Baviera Luisa , Baglini Roberto 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe role of coronary stenting in challenging situations, such as small vessels and long lesions, remains controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the procedural, in‐hospital, and long‐term clinical outcomes of patients undergoing angioplasty with long stents in small coronary vessels. We evaluated the procedural success rate and clinical outcomes in 252 consecutive subjects treated by means of the implantation of a single coronary stent in vessels with a mean reference diameter of < 2.5 mm; 128 patients received a short stent (≤ 16 mm) and 124 a long stent (≥ 18 mm). Lesion morphology was more complex in patients treated with long stents (P < 0.05). The mean stent length was 14 ± 2 mm in the short‐stent group and 25 ± 3 mm in the long‐stent group (P < 0.001). The overall procedural success rate (98.4% vs. 97.6%; P = NS) and the rate of major in‐hospital adverse events (death, acute myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization; 1.6% vs. 2.4%; P = NS) was similar in the two groups. After 11.7 ± 7 months of follow‐up, there was no difference in the incidence of mortality and myocardial infarction (5% vs. 6.6%; P = NS), but revascularization tended to occur more frequently in the patients treated with long stents (21.7% vs. 13.9%; P = NS). In conclusion, the procedural success rate of single short or long stents in small coronary vessels was similar. Although the incidence of target vessel revascularization tended to be higher in the patients treated with longer stents, 2‐year event‐free survival was equivalent in the two groups (65% vs. 70%; P = NS). Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:300–304. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Results of the Jostent coronary stent graft implantation in various clinical settings: Procedural and follow‐up results
Authors: Gercken Ulrich , Lansky Alexandra J. , Buellesfeld Lutz , Desai Kartik , Badereldin Magdy , Mueller Ralf , Selbach Guido , Leon Martin B. , Grube Eberhard 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Jostent coronary stent graft (CSG) is composed of a PTFE layer sandwiched between two stainless steel stents, initially introduced for the treatment of coronary perforations and aneurysms with excellent results. By providing a mechanical barrier, this stent design also may be beneficial in the treatment of complex ulcerated lesions and in‐stent restenosis by preventing debris protrusion and neointimal proliferation through the stent struts. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of this stent graft, we implanted 78 CSGs in 70 patients for a broad range of indications, including coronary perforations, aneurysms, degenerated saphenous vein grafts, complex lesions, and in‐stent restenosis. The primary angiographic success rate (95.9%) was high, and using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance during stent implantation and high inflation pressures (19.3 ± 3.2 atm), stent expansion with optimal symmetry was achieved in 94.7%. One limitation of the Jostent CSG was the side‐branch occlusion rate (18.6%) and the resulting non‐Q‐wave infarction rate in seven cases (mean CK elevation, 238 U/l), acute Q‐wave MI in two cases, and transient ventricular fibrillation in one patient after occlusion of the proximal RCA side branch without further complications. Subacute stent thrombosis occurred in four cases (5.7%) 7 to 70 days after stent implantation, despite using combined antiplatelet therapy with aspirin (ASA), ticlopidine, and/or clopidogrel for 30 days. Angiographic follow‐up was available in 56 patients (80.0%) after a mean of 159 ± 49 days, and follow‐up IVUS was available in 38 cases. The overall restenosis rate (> 50% diameter stenosis) was 31.6% manifest primarily as edge restenosis (29.8% stent edge vs. 8.8% stent center; P < 0.001). IVUS examinations showed a minimal late lumen loss of 0.4 ± 2.2 mm2 within the center of the stent graft vs. 3.2 ± 2.3 mm2 at the stent edges (P < 0.001). The restenosis rate in the prespecified subgroups was 33.3% for saphenous vein grafts (2/6 lesions), 30.0% in complex lesions (6/20 lesions), and 38.5% (10/26 lesions) for the treatment of in‐stent restenosis. Implantation of the Jostent CSG is feasible and safe, even in complex lesion subsets, and is associated with high primary success rates provided major side branches are avoided. The use of this stent may require an extended time course of antiplatelet therapy. Frequent focal stent edge renarrowing influences the overall restenosis rate. However, in treatment of complex in‐stent restenosis and vein graft lesions, stent grafts may offer benefit over conventional therapies. Covered stents such as the JoMed coronary stent graft may become essential for bailout treatment of coronary perforations. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:353–360. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.