bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C2-addition patterns emerging from acetylene and nickel sulfide in simulated prebiotic hydrothermal conditions
Authors: Diederich Philippe , Ruf Alexander , Geisberger Thomas , Weidner Leopold , Seitz Christian , Eisenreich Wolfgang , Huber Claudia , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChemical complexity is vital not only for the origin of life but also for biological evolution. The chemical evolution of a complex prebiotic mixture containing acetylene, carbon monoxide (CO), and nickel sulfide (NiS) has been analyzed with mass spectrometry as an untargeted approach to reaction monitoring. Here we show through isotopic 13C-labelling, multiple reaction products, encompassing diverse CHO and CHOS compounds within the complex reaction mixture. Molecules within the same chemical spaces displayed varying degrees of 13C-labelling, enabling more robust functional group characterization based on targeted investigations and differences in saturation levels among the described classes. A characteristic C2-addition pattern was detected in all compound classes in conjunction with a high diversity of thio acids, reminiscent of extant microbial C2-metabolism. The analysis involved a time-resolved molecular network, which unveiled the behavior of sulfur in the system. At the onset of the reaction, early formed compounds contain more sulfur atoms compared to later emerging compounds. These results give an essential insight into the still elusive role of sulfur dynamics in the origin of life. Moreover, our results provide temporally resolved evidence of the progressively increasing molecular complexity arising from a limited number of compounds.
Digitalisation and inter‐organisational information exchange strategies of German companies—A survey with focus on small and medium sized enterprises
Authors: Thiele Laura Sophie , Peters Diana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe reliability of well‐performing production processes not only depends on internal but also on external factors in the upstream supply chain. Therefore, companies require fast and reliable information exchange with cooperating organisations. Since existing researches usually put focus on reviewing intra‐organisational solutions, the authors have conducted a survey to capture the current state and needs regarding the inter‐organisational information exchange between German companies. The main outcomes of the authors’ survey are outlined. In a first step, the current status of digitalisation in the companies is analysed. The authors have found that the use and implementation of modern methods correlates positively with the company size. Taking a look on the current methods for inter‐organisational information exchange in a second step, it is seen that only a few companies are completely satisfied with their current methods. Companies see the greatest potential for the improvement of information exchange in standardisation and the increase of required resources. This indicates that companies would be best supported by the development of solutions that can be implemented easily and help to form the heterogeneous landscape of data exchange strategies towards a structured, standardised way.
Experimental analysis of passivity‐based control theory for permanent magnet synchronous motor drive fed by grid power
Authors: Belkhier Youcef , Abdelyazid Achour , Oubelaid Adel , Khosravi Nima , Bajaj Mohit , Vishnuram Pradeep , Zaitsev Ievgen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractControlling the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) can be challenging due to the nonlinearity of its dynamics, which makes it difficult to design control strategies that are both robust and effective. To address this challenge, this paper presents a novel control strategy rooted in the concept of passivity that combines field‐oriented control (FOC). This strategy compels the PMSM to accurately follow velocity and electrical torque trajectories. The approach, known as passivity‐based control (PBC), entails reshaping the inherent system energy while introducing the necessary damping to attain the desired objectives. A crucial aspect involves identifying workless force terms within the process model. Despite their presence, these terms do not impact the energy balance and stability properties. As a result, eliminating these terms is unnecessary. This simplicity in control architecture not only preserves system stability but also bolsters overall robustness. The system's overall stability and the current tracking error's exponential convergence have both been demonstrated analytically. In order to maintain stability, the controller accounts for the nonlinearities of the plant and approximates the unstructured dynamics of the PMSM. The proposed control is designed using the dq model of the PMSM, which avoids the model's structure destruction due to singularities, since the dq model does not depend explicitly on the rotor angular position. Experimental results shown further, illustrate speed and position control with a desired pair calculated by a filter or a proportional‐integral (PI) controller for speed control and a proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller for position control. Also the correlation between practical and theoretical results is given as well as the robustness test in relation to the uncertainties of the PMSM's inertia moment. The results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in controlling the PMSM under different operating conditions, highlighting its potential for industrial applications.
Self‐triggered consensus of multi‐agent systems with quantized relative state measurements
Authors: Wakaiki Masashi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the consensus problem of first‐order continuous‐time multi‐agent systems over undirected graphs. Each agent samples relative state measurements in a self‐triggered fashion and transmits the sum of the measurements to its neighbours. Moreover, we use finite‐level dynamic quantizers and apply the zooming‐in technique. The proposed joint design method for quantization and self‐triggered sampling achieves asymptotic consensus, and inter‐event times are strictly positive. Sampling times are determined explicitly with iterative procedures including the computation of the Lambert W‐function. A simulation example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A subsystem‐based fault location method in distribution grids by sparse measurement
Authors: Lv Xiaodong , Yuan Lifen , Cheng Zhen , Yin Baiqiang , He Yigang , Ding Chengwei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith the development of smart meters and other intelligent electronic devices, more and more data‐driven fault location methods based on wide area measurement are emerging. However, these diagnostic methods for dealing with the whole tested system often appear complex. This paper presents an innovative subsystems‐based fault location strategy in distribution grid by the sparsity promoted Bayesian learning algorithm. To avoid taking measurement for the whole distribution system, the fault‐included subsystem is selected according to the distribution characteristics of negative sequence voltage. Then the data for fault location is measured by allocating meters in subsystem, which can reduce the number of required meters. For accurately estimating the fault location, a sparse prior is proposed for the Bayesian learning, which could improve the accuracy of the fault location algorithm by about 4%. The performance is tested on a 12.66‐kV, 69‐bus distribution system in response to various fault scenarios. The results show that the accuracy of the proposed method for the fault section location can reach 90%. It also verifies the robustness and accuracy for fault line location, faced different fault types, fault resistance, noise, etc.
Adaptive interference mitigation space‐time array reconfiguration by joint selection of antenna and delay tap
Authors: Sun Yandong , Xie Jian , Gong Yanyun , Zhang Zhaolin , Wang Ling 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSpace‐time adaptive processing (STAP) array has found extensive use in the global navigation satellite system for interference suppression. Nevertheless, the conventional space‐time array necessitates multiple antennas and time delay taps, resulting in a heavy burden on both hardware and computation resources. Thus, lowering the cost and complexity of STAP becomes a considerable problem demanding prompt solutions. This work designs a space‐time array reconfiguration scheme based on the joint selection strategy of the antenna and delay tap to address this problem. The reconstructed array can induce a high signal to interference plus noise power ratio (SINR) when using fewer antennas and delay taps. The space‐time correlation coefficient (STCC) is first presented to manifest the influence of reconfiguration on output SINR. Then, we formulate the space‐time array reconfiguration mathematical model, aiming to minimise STCC. Two reconfiguration methods are provided to solve the optimal array configuration of antennas and delay taps that can reach the minimum STCC and maximum SINR. The optimal antenna‐delay tap pairs are finally selected to comprise the reconstructed array. Substantial simulation experiments verify that the presented scheme and strategy are effective and reliable in space‐time array reconfiguration.
Effective fault module localization in substation critical equipment: an improved ant colony optimization and back propagation neural network approach
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Jianfei , Wang Sai , Chen Xuewei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe rapid development of substations has increased the demand for accurate and fast fault prediction systems. In order to achieve rapid localization and autonomous decision‐making of fault modules and types in substations, the article proposes a fault autonomous localization algorithm based on improved ant colony optimization (IACO) and back propagation neural network (BPNN). The fault data of the substation secondary equipment for training and testing the BPNN model is based on the actual operating equipment of the substation, which can significantly improve the reliability of the model results. In addition, the IACO is used to globally optimize the weights and thresholds of BPNN, and the number of hidden layer nodes in BPNN was analyzed to further improve the accuracy of the established fault prediction algorithm. The test results show that the fault prediction accuracy of the BPNN model optimized by IACO is 93.67%, which is significantly improved compared to the traditional BPNN and BPNN with ant colony optimization method (with an accuracy of 82.98% and 91.04%). The above results effectively demonstrate the high accuracy and effectiveness of the established prediction algorithm in processing data and locating faults, which can improve the maintenance and operational efficiency of substations.
Adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems controller design on Buck converter
Authors: Nejad Mohsen Baniasadi , Ghamari Seyyed Morteza , Mollaee Hasan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) approach is designed for a Buck converter. Because DC–DC converters are under the negative impact of different disturbances, a need for a well‐behaved technique is felt to provide higher robustness in various scenarios, including parametric variations, load uncertainty, supply voltage variation, and noise. Therefore, the fuzzy logic‐based controller is adopted for this structure that provides better error detection and correction, more comprehensive range of operating conditions, and is more readily customizable. However, the fuzzy technique suffers from slow dynamics, lack of reliability against broader range of disturbances, and has a huge computational burden. To overcome the weaknesses addressed before, this technique combined with an artificial neural network (ANN) system that can tune the fuzzy part resulting in an adaptive and robust structure. ANFIS method is a promising approach that has two soft‐computing control structures, including a fuzzy logic‐based part consisting of ANN. This combination has provided many significant benefits over fuzzy logic, such as low computational burden with faster dynamics, higher flexibility with adaptable rules, and a simple structure providing ease of practical implantation; also, it does not need a mathematical moulding of the system since the whole system has been considered as a Black‐box system. To better show the superiority of this method, two other control schemes are designed as fuzzy‐based PID technique and PID controller optimized by PSO algorithm. Finally, the ANFIS control strategy is tested in various working cases through simulation and experiment results as a beneficial alternative for practical applications.
SoloHI observations of coronal mass ejections observed by multiple spacecraft
Authors: Hess P. , Colaninno R. C. , Vourlidas A. , Howard R. A. , Stenborg G. 
Published: October 2023

Context. The Solar Orbiter Heliospheric Imager (SoloHI) instrument of the Solar Orbiter mission is a next-generation heliospheric imager. New observations from SoloHI demonstrate the improved spatial and temporal resolution compared to previous observations of the heliosphere and corona. At perihelion, the field of view (FoV) of SoloHI covers the transition between the coronagraph (COR2) and heliospheric imager (HI1) Sun-Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) suite. In this paper, we focus on an active solar period following the first Solar Orbiter science perihelion that resulted in a number of well-observed large coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in SoloHI data in March and April 2022. Specifically, we highlight a series of events produced by AR12795 between 28 March and 2 April and show overlapping observations with SECCHI/COR2 and HI1 and LASCO/C3.
Aims. We compare the performance of the SoloHI instrument against similar observations from 1 au imagers. We describe CME observations, highlighting the unique structural features captured within the SoloHI FoV. These observations demonstrate that SoloHI will provide new insights into CME morphology and evolution from a unique vantage point.
Methods. To provide a direct and relevant comparison, images from all the telescopes we used in the paper are presented in FoVs common to each and with minimal processing applied. The J-maps we used to highlight outflowing features are also presented to show that the CME kinematics can be tracked through the SoloHI FoV, and also to report how the rest of the Heliophysics Systems Observatory (HSO) can be used to support the SoloHI data.
Results. The high-resolution SoloHI images of these eruptions, taken from ∼0.3 au, reveal a number of detailed structural CME features, including internal cavities or cores of the CME flux rope(s). They also show the surrounding material and associated sheath region of the compressed upstream solar wind plasma. Many features that could not have been observed by other instruments are highlighted and discussed.
Conclusions. The SoloHI instrument is performing well and has already provided detailed observations of CMEs that can help us understand the details of the internal structure and magnetic field of CMEs. These new observations in combination with synoptic observations from 1 au offer new opportunities for CME propagation from the corona to the heliosphere.
Ein kritischer DRG-Blick auf Fälle mit chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen
Authors: Moll-von der Wettern Maria , Heinlein Wolfgang , Rathmayer Markus , Koller Lisa , Albert Jörg G. , Siegmund Britta 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Ob stationäre Behandlungsfälle mit
chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen (CED) in deutschen Krankenhäusern kostendeckend
vergütet werden, wurde bislang nicht untersucht. Vor diesem Hintergrund befasst sich die
vorliegende Arbeit mit der Vergütungssituation (Kosten-Erlös-Vergleich) von CED in deutschen
Krankenhäusern in Abhängigkeit von der Erkrankungskomplexität sowie den
Versorgungstypen.
Methodik Für diese retrospektive Studie standen anonymisierte
Falldaten inkl. Kostendaten aus der InEK-Kalkulation (§ 21–4 KHEntgG) des DRG-Projektes der
Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselerkrankungen (DGVS)
aus dem Jahr 2019 zur Verfügung. Analysiert wurden 3385 Fälle mit CED als Hauptdiagnose aus 49
Krankenhäusern. Um die Auswirkungen der Krankheitskomplexität auf die Vergütungssituation zu
untersuchen, wurden verschiedene Variablen analysiert, darunter gastroenterologische
Komplikationen, Infektionen, Aufnahmeanlass und Zusatzentgelte. Zur Untersuchung möglicher
Zentrumseffekte wurden die Krankenhäuser nach Versorgungstyp, im Wesentlichen definiert durch
Bettenanzahl, gruppiert.
Ergebnisse Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, dass sämtliche
Versorgungstypen im Durchschnitt als nicht kostendeckend einzustufen sind. Die Unterdeckung
liegt durchschnittlich bei 10 % (296 € absolute Unterdeckung) und variiert zwischen den
Versorgungstypen. Fälle mit höherer Komplexität weisen eine höhere Kostenunterdeckung auf als
Fälle mit geringerer Komplexität. Auf DRG-Ebene sind die analysierten Fallkosten der 3
häufigsten CED-DRGs für Normallieger höher als die InEK-Kosten; jedoch ist das Delta nicht
signifikant. Jedoch tragen Fälle mit dem Aufnahmegrund Verlegung
spezifischer DRGs signifikant höhere Kosten.
Diskussion Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass CED nicht kostendeckend
vergütet werden. Dies ist auf die unzureichende Vergütung von gastroenterologischen
Komplikationen, Infektionen, spezifischen Prozeduren und Notfall- und Verlegungsfällen
zurückzuführen. Verlegungsfälle tragen signifikant höhere Kosten.
Symptoms and Management of Aseptic Liver Abscesses
Authors: Hafner Susanne , Seufferlein Thomas , Kleger Alexander , Müller Martin 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTAseptic liver abscesses occur very rarely. Clinical guidelines on the management of the disease do not exist, and the diagnosis is challenging.We screen MEDLINE and PUBMED databases for relevant case reports from inception to November 2022. Information on patient age, sex, initial symptoms, the extent of abscess formation, further diagnoses, treatment, and course of the disease is analyzed.Thirty cases with sterile hepatic abscess formation are identified. In most patients (n=18), the spleen is affected as well. Patients typically present with fever, abdominal pain, and increased inflammatory values. Comorbidity with inflammatory bowel disease is very common (n=18) and is associated with a significantly younger age at the time of hepatic abscess development. In addition, many patients show autoimmune-mediated cutaneous, ocular, or arthritic rheumatoid manifestations. Histological examination of abscess material reveals neutrophilic infiltration. The majority of patients initially receive corticosteroid therapy. Furthermore, response to azathioprine, anti-TNF-α antibodies, and other immunomodulatory drugs is reported. Ten out of fourteen patients with a long-term follow-up (≥ 36 months) have at least one relapse of hepatic abscess formation.Aseptic hepatic abscesses should be considered in the case of sterile punctures and non-response to antibiotics. Patients with aseptic liver abscesses have a high risk of recurrence warranting immunomodulatory maintenance therapy.
Früherkennung des sporadischen Pankreasadenokarzinoms
Authors: Scherübl Hans 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Pankreasadenokarzinom (PK) nimmt stetig an Häufigkeit zu und stellt bereits die dritthäufigste tumorbedingte Todesursache in Deutschland dar. Voraussichtlich rückt es bis 2030 auf den 2. Platz und bis 2050 gar auf den 1. Platz der krebsbedingten Todesfälle vor. Das Pankreaskarzinom wird generell spät diagnostiziert und die 5-Jahre-Überlebensrate liegt bei nur 10%. Wird das PK aber im Tumorstadium IA diagnostiziert und therapiert, so beträgt das 5-Jahresüberleben rund 80%. Früherkennungsinitiativen verfolgen deshalb das Ziel, Hochrisikopersonen zu identifizieren und das sporadische Pankreaskarzinom frühzeitig festzustellen. Personen über 50 mit neu diagnostiziertem Diabetes stehen dabei im Mittelpunkt des Interesses. Aktuelle Entwicklungen und Früherkennungsstrategien werden angesprochen.
Umgang mit best-verfügbarer Evidenz in der Nutzenbewertung
von Arzneimitteln: Eine Analyse von Verfahren ohne Vorliegen einer
randomisiert-kontrollierten Studie
Authors: Julian Elaine , Rasch Andrej , Bussilliat Paul , Ruof Jörg 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund/Fragestellung Neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse aus
der Grundlagenforschung prägen zuletzt einen Paradigmenwechsel in der
klinischen Forschung hin zu mehr gezielten Therapieansätzen. Zusammen
mit dem vom Gesetzgeber ausdrücklich gewünschten Forschungsfokus
auf seltene Krankheitsbilder führt dies zu einer Herausforderung
für die Durchführbarkeit von randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien
(RCTs). Diese Untersuchung befasst sich mit dem Umgang des Gemeinsamen
Bundesausschuss (G-BA) mit der best-verfügbaren Evidenz bei
Nutzenbewertungen von Arzneimitteln ohne RCT.
Methoden Es wurden die im Zeitraum 1.1.2017 bis 1.4.2022 begonnenen
AMNOG-Verfahren für neue Arzneimittel nach dem erstmaligen
Inverkehrbringen und ohne Vorliegen einer RCT aus der
vfa-AMNOG-Verfahrensdatenbank selektiert. Die in den Verfahren vorgelegten
Studien wurden identifiziert und die Akzeptanz dieser Evidenz seitens des G-BA
anhand der Beschlussunterlagen wurde untersucht.
Ergebnisse Im Untersuchungszeitraum wurden 536 abgeschlossene
AMNOG-Verfahren identifiziert, davon waren 215 Erstbewertungen nach dem
erstmaligen Inverkehrbringen. Bei 42 Verfahren zu insgesamt 37 Arzneimitteln lag
für die Bewertung keine RCT vor. In allen 42 Verfahren wurde seitens des
pharmazeutischen Unternehmers mind. eine einarmige Studie (SAT) vorgelegt.
Darunter wurden in 19 Verfahren≥2 SATs, in 27 Verfahren ein oder mehr
indirekte Vergleiche (ITC) und in vier Verfahren weitere Daten unter
Einbeziehung von Real World Evidence (RWE) vorgelegt. Diese Evidenz wurde durch
den G-BA in 20 (47.6%) Verfahren herangezogen, wobei es sich hierbei in
allen Fällen um Orphan Drugs handelt. In 6 dieser Verfahren
(14.3%) wird die best-verfügbare Evidenz für
vergleichende Aussagen seitens des G-BA herangezogen. In weiteren 7
(16.7%) der Verfahren erfolgt der Hinweis, dass das Medikament in
Einzelfällen eine relevante Therapieoption darstellen kann. Bei 16
Verfahren (38.1%) wurde eine Befristung ausgesprochen. Für 22
der 42 Verfahren lagen zusätzlich Information für das
Arztinformationssystem vor. Eine darin erkennbare Berücksichtigung der
Daten erfolgte nur bei 3 OD-Verfahren.
Schlussfolgerung Die Untersuchung zeigt einen vorwiegend ablehnenden
Umgang des G-BA mit best-verfügbarer Evidenz aus nicht-randomisierten
Studienergebnissen. Eine explizite Berücksichtigung solcher Daten durch
den G-BA für die Bewertung und Quantifizierung des Zusatznutzen erfolgt
nur in sehr seltenen Ausnahmefällen. Angesichts der
medizinisch-wissenschaftlichen Entwicklung besteht Bedarf Kriterien zu
erarbeiten, wann ein RCT im Rahmen eines klinischen Entwicklungsprogramms nicht
anwendbar ist und wie bei Nutzenbewertungen von Arzneimitteln ohne RCT auf Basis
der best-verfügbaren Evidenz vergleichende Aussagen zum Zusatznutzen
möglich sind.