bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transnational Infrastructures of Circulation
Authors: Rocha Cristina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores significant infrastructures—smart church buildings and their hip soundscapes, digital media, Hillsong network and teaching programs, and a Brazilian Christian travel agency—that allow Hillsong to expand into Brazil. Importantly, such infrastructures allow people to achieve a sense of co-presence with other congregants elsewhere in the world. This was particularly apparent when Hillsong’s services and activities went online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This chapter shows that these infrastructures comprise an architecture through which Hillsong’s Cool Christianity circulates. It argues that these infrastructures connect with followers through affect (pride, desire, excitement) as they communicate success, excitement, modernity, and cosmopolitanism to young middle-class Brazilians who aspire to break with the local conservative Pentecostalism that caters to the poor. This chapter calls for a focus on human and nonhuman actors and infrastructures that move religion across borders, with a special attention to how imagination and power differentials shape mobility and immobility.
The Return
Authors: Rocha Cristina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter follows those Brazilians who have joined Hillsong Church and College and the Brazilian CJC in Australia on their return home. It shows the difficulties they face in reinserting themselves in their old churches due to different styles of service, church management, and culture. As a consequence, the majority of them leave their old churches and start “church hopping” in search of churches whose aesthetics styles and values are similar to the ones they learned in Australia. Many never find them and remain churchless. Importantly, their experience in Australia gave them a cosmopolitan outlook on life—all of them kept close contact with their peers in Australia, be they pastors, college teachers, fellow congregants, or other students. Hillsong had become so important in their lives that once the church established a campus in São Paulo in 2016, some of them moved from other parts of Brazil to serve at the church.
All Rise
Authors: Erlich Henry A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by the author and his colleagues and its application in the first DNA criminal case: Pennsylvania vs. Pestinikas (1986). It discusses how PCR amplification and the DNA fingerprinting technology of Alec Jeffreys work and how they differ as well as the scientific papers that first reported these two critical technical breakthroughs. The chapter describes how the introduction of a thermostable DNA polymerase made PCR more specific, efficient, and automatable. Following the demonstration that PCR could amplify a specific gene, beta-globin, for diagnosis of a genetic disease, the author and colleagues amplified a highly polymorphic gene, the HLA-DQA1 gene. The chapter discusses the role of the HLA genes in the immune response, the development of the first PCR genetic test, the HLA-DQalpha forensic test kit, and its use in the criminal justice system.
The Earl Washington Jr. Case and the Problem of Mixtures
Authors: Erlich Henry A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the author’s work in overturning the wrongful conviction of Earl Washington Jr. in a rape/murder case based on the results of the HLA-DQalpha test. The genotype of the semen stain indicated that more than one person contributed to the sample, a mixture. The prosecutor argued that Washington was included in the mixture and he was convicted and scheduled to be executed. The author’s analysis of the HLA-DQalpha results excluded Washington from the mixture. The chapter discusses some strategies for addressing the challenges involved in interpreting forensic mixtures. These include next generation sequencing, a recent and very powerful DNA technology. The use of haploid lineage markers, such as mitochondrial DNA or Y-chromosome markers, can help since, unlike chromosomal genetic markers, each individual has only one copy. Interpreting the genetic profile of a mixture with software, known as probabilistic genotyping, also makes the interpretation of mixtures more robust and objective.
DNA of the Dead
Authors: Erlich Henry A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the analysis of DNA sequences derived from extinct species, ancient human remains, and fossils of archaic hominim species, like the Neanderthals. It describes the work by Svante Paabo and his colleagues to sequence the Neanderthal genome and then to demonstrate that 2%–4% of most modern human genomes is Neanderthal in origin. It also discusses their work defining a previously unknown archaic hominim species, the Denisovans, based on the DNA sequence of a fingerbone found in a cave in Siberia. The chapter discusses the development of next generation sequencing technology and how it has been used to identify ancient DNA in cave sediment as well as how the recent work on medieval remains has provided insights into the history of the Ashkenazi Jewish community. The chapter also discusses how the sequence analysis of ancient Native American genomes has illuminated the migrations from Siberia that colonized the Americas.
Ancestry and Genetics
Authors: Erlich Henry A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses how genetic diversity is related to ethnicity and ancestry and how the concept of “race” is socially constructed and without a clear biological basis. It describes the pioneering work by Richard Lewontin demonstrating that the vast majority of genetic variation is between individuals in a population rather than between different populations. It discusses how some genetic variation, a small subset of the total, can be used to infer ancestry. These are the AIMS, ancestry informative markers, that are used in commercial ancestry and genealogy databases as well as in criminal investigations. It discusses the history of “scientific racism” and how contemporary genetics research has refuted this concept.
On the Warpath
Authors: Orford Jim 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This book poses the question, why do we—not the politicians or the generals but the ordinary people, the general public—so often and so willingly support war, in the West and elsewhere? In search of an answer to that question, this book explores topics including the oft-expressed personal appeal of war and wartime, the role of nationalism and other values in defense of which wars are fought, war as a male enterprise, images of the enemy, militarism and society, the role of propaganda, and the moral dilemma posed by war. A focus on the public’s attitude to war has been surprisingly neglected in psychology. The book combines psychology’s relatively few direct contributions on the subject with psychological theories which the author considers to be leading candidates for answering the book’s key question. They include social identity, interpersonal contact, moral disengagement, system justification, relational models, and spiral conflict theories, plus concepts such as the authoritarian personality, social dominance orientation, and cognitive complexity versus simplicity. They are considered alongside the many insights of a psychological kind offered by international relations experts, historians, war correspondents, military veterans, and other writers. The book concludes by presenting an integration in the form of a model of war support which it is hoped will contribute to an understanding of one of the great issues facing humanity and at the same time help to open up a relatively new area of psychology.
Embedded Militarism and Readiness for War
Authors: Orford Jim 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 5 begins by defining militarism as the normalization of a set of shared beliefs and practices which support developing and maintaining the means for making war as a valued way of defending the nation’s or group’s common interests. Ways in which militarism is embedded in culture and civic society are explored, including the roles played by war games, films and other entertainments, and the militarization of education generally. Whether war graves and war memorials serve the cause of peace or of war is discussed, as is the question of how important weapons themselves, and the arms trade, are as part of militarism and support for war. The chapter concludes with discussion of the possibility of a growing “cultural gap” in some countries between the public and the military and whether militarism in general is in decline.
Just War?
Authors: Orford Jim 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 7 examines the moral dilemma which war poses, the justifications offered for war, and the relevance of just war theory. The ambivalence toward support for war shown by the world’s major religions is discussed, as is the ambiguity of both parts of just war theory—the criteria for deciding to wage war (jus ad bellum) and the ways in which wars may be justly prosecuted (jus in bello). The latter includes the problematic criterion of non-combatant immunity. Conscientious objection to war, and combatants rebelling in various ways and suffering “moral injury,” are further illustrations of war as a moral dilemma. Relevant psychological theories of morality and ethics, such as the mechanisms of moral disengagement model, moral foundations theory, and relational models theory, help explain how we try to distance ourselves from responsibility for supporting the killing and cruelty of war.
Will Directed Digital Dissidence Keep Working?
Authors: Gainous Jason , Han Rongbin , MacDonald Andrew W. , Wagner Kevin M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we review potential hurdles to the long-term effectiveness of directed digital dissidence. The internet is not a static medium, and there are always new and potentially significant advances that may alter the ability of states to be the dominant player in the informational space. Indeed, even now many states likely lack the level of sophistication and knowledge to employ it with the efficacy demonstrated by China. Even for China, directed digital dissidence is difficult to employ as a mechanism of control and requires sophisticated monitoring and constant adaption. As a result, future control may well be precarious. This method of control is especially challenging considering how the growing digital world is virtually shrinking distance across oceans combined with the process of population replacement that will eventually result in the vast majority of citizens having higher levels of technical savvy. This generation may consume and reshape the flow of information in ways that the state cannot manage. For now, China continues to show that the internet is not beyond the reach of sophisticated closed states.
Can Dark Politicians Win Elections?
Authors: Nai Alessandro , Maier Jürgen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the “So what?” question about the personality of political candidates. Do their personality profiles matter, ultimately, when it comes to their electoral performance? The chapter opens with an investigation into the voter and candidate characteristics that make some candidates more likely to be perceived as likeable by the public, leveraging the matching of expert data with a collection of postelection mass surveys from the CSES. Results show that the personality of candidates is a powerful driver of how likeable they are perceived to be by voters, both directly and when accounting for the ideological profile of voters and candidates. Directly, candidates scoring high on stability (agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability) and plasticity (extraversion, openness) tend to be liked, whereas candidates scoring high on dark traits are much less so. These trends do not hold across the board, however. In addition, our investigation shows that candidates who generally score higher on the meta-trait of stability tend to perform significantly better at the ballot box than their low-stability counterparts. Inversely, a dark personality profile seems detrimental—with one exception: incumbents are more electorally successful when they also exhibit a dark personality profile, suggesting that dark personality can be adaptive in political leaders.
How to Build Houses
Authors: Rodríguez-Alegría Enrique 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides a description of the houses of Spanish colonizers in Mexico City, based on the houses excavated by the Programa de Arqueología Urbana. It examines the different materials, techniques, and aesthetic aspects that colonizers adopted from Indigenous people in their houses, making a strong case for the adoption of Indigenous technologies among colonizers. The chapter also questions the idea that colonizers designed the layout of the city, placing Indigenous people at the center of the design. It argues that Indigenous people built the houses of Spanish colonizers with the technologies they used to build temples, and that Indigenous people contributed not just labor and brute force, but also skill and knowledge into building the houses of colonizers. The lived experience of colonizers was thus shaped by the material world built by Indigenous people, with their own technologies and aesthetics.
How to Furnish a House
Authors: Rodríguez-Alegría Enrique 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIndigenous furniture in Mexico was minimal and simple compared to the bulky and varied furniture in Europe at the time. Thus, colonizers imported plenty of furniture across the Atlantic, and soon began making their own furniture in Mexico. Although some of their furniture served as status symbols, they sometimes gave the furniture to Indigenous lords to form alliances. Also, although some of their furniture (beds, for example) served as markers of civilization, colonizers often adopted Indigenous products (blankets and pillows, for example) and used them together. Colonizers, through their actions and decisions, sometimes made material symbols of distinction into symbols of cross-cultural alliance, and mixed the “civilized” with the Indigenous. The patterns of consumption in Mexico City affected production among Indigenous people and all the way in Europe, where much of the furniture was made.
How to Link Wealth and Consumption, or Not
Authors: Rodríguez-Alegría Enrique 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA study of the probate inventories compared the net worth of each inventory with the origin of the different items in it. It provides empirical data that challenge the idea that wealthier colonizers consumed European and Asian imports, while poorer colonizers could only purchase local, Indigenous goods. In fact, there is no correlation between wealth and patterns of consumption of imported or Indigenous goods. There is a stronger correlation between consumption of imported items and time: toward the end of the sixteenth century, as trade became regular and reliable, all colonizers began using more European goods, regardless of their wealth. Further, Indigenous goods could sometimes be more expensive than European imports, depending on their quality and other factors. This chapter challenges the idea that class determines consumption, and it emphasizes people’s choices, power, social strategies, and social connections in shaping consumption and the material world.
Introduction
Authors: Özbey Sonya N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Introduction provides an overview of the recent philosophical interest in the question of the human-animal binary. This interest is intertwined with critiques of “dualistic thinking,” on the one hand, and the practice of seeking panacea in texts and traditions that are—at times too readily—labeled as “monistic,” on the other. Instead of building a comparison around broadly construed traditions and metaphysical outlooks, the Introduction makes a case for a comparative philosophy methodology that concentrates on specific sets of texts in a contextually conditioned way. It also argues for mobilizing understudied philosophical texts in critically reflective ways to study their ample moments of ambiguity, if not contradiction, in regard to the human-animal binary. Finally, it presents the contents and objectives of the book’s chapters, which explore issues of historical and literary context, the texts’ epistemic features, their affective comportments, their sociopolitical investments or lack thereof, and questions of intersectionality.
Conclusion
Authors: Özbey Sonya N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe conclusion to Part I argues that the ways in which the human-animal split is treated within Spinoza’s systematic corpus and the Zhuangzi’s topsy-turvy trove of stories are also, to some extent, folded into the ways these texts operate as texts. The conclusion locates within these texts different attempts at reorienting thought—one aiming to align thought with the order of nature to uplift all of mankind, the other unmooring it from familiar perceptions of reality, which allows the reader to drift from one vantage point to another. The conclusion finally discusses the different types of hermeneutical vigilance and engagement demanded by Spinoza’s oeuvre and the Zhuangzi and the fresh lines of interpretive approach that they open up together.
Rich in Complexity
Authors: Özbey Sonya N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSpinoza has long been celebrated for striking a blow against human hubris due to his pan-psychic view of the world and his undermining of human free will when he, in fact, was largely reacting against specific biblical claims of human superiority. Although Spinoza’s views on animals had less historical impact than the Cartesian beast-machine theory, they certainly merit careful attention because of their uniqueness in demonstrating how one can extend the powers of the mind to everything, while also exalting man’s epistemic and corporeal capabilities. Through an analysis of Spinoza’s ontological assumptions as well as his theories of knowledge and agency, chapter 3 demonstrates the ways in which Spinoza draws a correlation between the complexity of one’s body and the degree of the adequacy of one’s understanding, which then factors into man’s relative superiority over other beings.
Conclusion
Authors: Özbey Sonya N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhat emerge in Spinoza’s oeuvre and the Zhuangzi are not different erasures of the human-animal split—as is often suggested—but two different models of human distinctiveness. It is easy to be biased toward the Zhuangzi’s model of human distinctiveness, especially from a critical animal studies perspective. After all, the text skillfully avoids presenting the reader with an obvious ranking of people, animals, and plants. However, the absence of such rankings can exact heavy a price, just as their presence can. The conclusion to Part II mobilizes the contrast between Spinoza and the Zhuangzi to explore the inevitable entanglement between ranking some forms of living as indubitably better than others, on the one hand, and being able to outline clear standards for progress, on the other.
Animalized Others in Spinoza’s “Imagination”
Authors: Özbey Sonya N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChapter 10 draws attention to the hegemonic construction of “mankind” in Spinoza’s works, highlighting how they overall do little to undermine the exclusionary assumptions ingrained in the notions of “we” and “us.” As Spinoza safeguards human solidarity against a descent into an animal-like existence, the “us” that he wants to protect and uplift is imagined as male, culturally familiar, not affected by certain cognitive differences and debilities, and so on. Certainly, many of Spinoza’s negative remarks on marginalized groups speak to mechanisms of habitus that make it easier, if not more convenient, to upend some social positions more than others. However, I contend that his derogatory statements about these groups also neatly map onto each other in the way he construes them all as being governed by passions or as lacking agency in general—which evinces that there is a systematicity to what otherwise might be dismissed as offhand remarks.
Epilogue
Authors: Özbey Sonya N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA key advantage of performing a comparative analysis of different texts is that it brings the idiosyncratic features of each to the forefront. The Epilogue mobilizes the salient patterns of thought expressed in Spinoza’s oeuvre and the Zhuangzi to reflect on some of our modern ambiguities and fears about our identity and place in the world. It concludes that both Spinoza and the Zhuangzi raise thorny questions about the implications of undermining the human-animal binary, while also prompting us to reflect on the curious task of decentering human perspectives through philosophical works, which admittedly are only intended for a human audience. Ultimately, embarking on such a task indicates a profound level of investment in humanity, no matter how much one feigns nonchalance about it.
The Gin Crisis
Authors: Fisher George 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The moral framework uncovered in Chapter 1 helps explain the English gin ban of the early eighteenth century, the first Western nationwide prohibition of a euphoric substance. William Hogarth’s famous prints, “Gin Lane” and “Beer Street,” conveyed the differing moral meanings contemporaries saw in gin and beer. Gin, a distilled spirit, was thought to cause “sudden intoxication”—and the “gin craze.” Beer, in contrast, was deemed healthful and nourishing. Hence between 1736 and 1743, Parliament imposed cripplingly high license fees and taxes aimed at ending the gin traffic. The ban lasted only seven years, in part because lawmakers accepted that the sin lay in the excess and that gin served at times as a necessary medicine and warming agent. Moreover, the government needed gin duties to fund war efforts. When the gin ban fell, Parliament replaced it with an array of sophisticated regulatory mechanisms that permitted traffic in gin but guarded against drunkenness.
Race in the Dens and Miscegenation Myths
Authors: Fisher George 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
San Francisco’s race-neutral 1875 opium den ban was reported in the press as applying only to whites. Police enforced the ban against white patrons and those who served whites. Police throughout the West largely overlooked Chinese dens serving only the Chinese. Idaho Territory’s 1887 ban explicitly applied only to white smokers and denkeepers. Claims by many modern historians that early anti-opium laws arose to harass the Chinese prove wrong. Even the claim that fears of miscegenation in dens drove early bans proves unfounded, at least till 1883. In 1883 a New York Irish men’s association accused Chinese denkeepers of luring white girls with opium-soaked candy and ruining them. The claims grabbed headlines and won lasting currency in Allen William’s Demon of the Orient (1883) and Jacob Riis’s How the Other Half Lives (1890). Memory of this calumny warped later histories, which mistakenly attribute earlier den bans to the libels of 1883 and later.
Introduction
Authors: Hayes Julie Candler 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a methodological and historical context for the study of early modern women moralists. It argues, first, that moralist writing holds philosophical significance; second, that women make substantive contributions to the genre. The chapter examines the history of the term moraliste, the relationship of moralist writing to descriptive versus prescriptive approaches, its formal properties, and the social and political landscape in which it came to prominence. Traditional histories typically frame moralist writing through the work of prominent male writers such as La Rochefoucauld, Pascal, and La Bruyère; the chapter argues for the inclusion of women in the canon of moralist writing, noting parallels with recent calls for the inclusion of women in the canon of early modern philosophy.