bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiology and xanthophyll cycle activity of Nannochloropsis gaditana
Authors: Gentile Marie‐Pierre , Blanch Harvey W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe physiology of the violaxanthin‐producing microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana is examined and the effect of environmental factors on the growth and cellular pigment content investigated in batch and continuous cultures. N. gaditana is slow‐growing, with a maximum specific growth rate of 0.56 day−1 at 23°C. The xanthophyll cycle is present in this strain, but has a much lower activity than in higher plants and other species of Nannochloropsis. At 30°C, under high light (1500 μmol photons m−2 s−1), 33% of the violaxanthin pool was de‐epoxidated to antheraxanthin (76%) and zeaxanthin (24%) over 60 min. Addition of iodoacetamide dramatically affected the xanthophyll cycle activity: 50% of the violaxanthin was replaced by zeaxanthin (90%) within 30 min. This was attributed to an increase in membrane fluidity following iodoacetamide addition, resulting in a larger pool of violaxanthin available for conversion. Batch culture studies showed that a decrease in irradiance (from 880 to 70 μmol photons m−2 s−1) can increase chlorophyll a and violaxanthin content by as much as 80% and 60%, respectively. Continuous cultures indicated that violaxanthin is a growth‐rate‐dependent product, but the violaxanthin content is less affected by dilution rate (in the range 0.12 to 0.72 day−1) and pH (6.8 to 7.8) than chlorophyll a. The optimum conditions for growth and violaxanthin production in continuous culture were found to occur at a dilution rate of 0.48 day−1, a temperature of between 24°C and 26°C, and pH in the range 7.1 to 7.3. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 1–12, 2001.
The characteristics and attributes of UK firms obtaining accreditation to ISO 14001
Authors: Chapple Wendy , Cooke Andrew , Galt Vaughan , Paton David 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEnvironmental policy in the UK has tended to reflect orthodox textbook responses, focusing upon standard setting and taxation, both impacting upon the supply side of the economy. In addition, economic agents have the option of legal recourse to settle environmental disputes. Complementing this command and control framework is a growing tendency for firms to subscribe to additional voluntary environmental standards by, for example, registering with an appropriate agency, thereby signalling to others that they have adopted a particular scheme. This growing trend has far reaching consequences for future policy decisions and for financial and environmental performance of the firms.We aim here to identify the attributes of many firms which participate in ISO 14001. We use a probit model to determine, from a vector of firm and industry characteristics at one point in time, what factors influence the probability of firms registering with ISO 14001. We then utilize survival analysis to analyse how these characteristics impact upon the ‘hazard’ of accreditation over time. If significant differences exist between 14001 firms and others, important questions arise for academics and practitioners alike. Are certain types of firm hindered by their firm characteristics? Does the scheme favour larger firms over smaller firms, or high tech firms over low tech? Why do some industries have many accreditations whilst others have none? The analysis of such issues is not only an under‐developed area of academic debate, but also of direct relevance to practitioners within the field of environmental management and policy. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Analyzing the analysis: a response to Wollert (2000)
Authors: Doren Dennis M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn a thoughtful critique in the article preceding this one, many arguments are presented about the veracity of assumptions and conclusions I made in my 1998 publication concerning the sexual recidivism base rates for certain incarcerated sex offenders. This article responds to some of the issues raised. First, the ultimate conclusion of the preceding critique is assessed. Even when assuming the accuracy of all points made in the preceding article, an analysis described herein still demonstrates that the current U.S.A. civil commitment referral procedures “under‐predict” sexual recidivism rates. Second, an inference made in the preceding critique, read as a possible implication from my article, is strongly contested. Finally, the remaining discussion responds to various other concerns that were raised. While scientific exploration of issues is typically expected to lead to occasional professional differences, a significant lack of agreement with the preceding critique is found. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incest, paedophilia, pornography and prostitution: making familial males more visible as the abusers
Authors: Itzin Catherine 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper I return to the survivor case study and sex offender data I used in my paper on conceptual models of the relationship between pornography and child sexual abuse in Child Abuse Review in 1997. Here I use them to show how paedophile typologies and sex offender classifications contribute to constructing the invisibility of the normal, ordinary, heterosexual family men who sexually abuse their own and other people's children on a very substantial scale. I also use it as the basis for developing a typology which constructs the connections between incest, paedophilia, pornography and prostitution in the form of a ‘Continuum typology of child sexual abuse and the characteristics of child sexual abusers’, and captures the crossover of victims and perpetrators and the overlap of intrafamilial and extrafamilial child sexual abuse and exploitation. This, in turn, becomes the basis for constructing a ‘Nosology of child sexual abuse classification’ which genders the abusers and takes account of both the overlap and the dominant discourse currently of policing and policy, in which ‘paedophilia’ and ‘child sex offending’ have become synonymous, and incest abusers are invisible. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding of the current police caution (England and Wales) among suspects in police detention
Authors: Fenner Susanne , Gudjonsson Gisli H. , Clare Isabel C. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe current police caution (England and Wales) provides information about the right to silence to suspects in police detention. Though earlier studies, involving other populations, suggest that the caution would be too complex for detainees to understand fully, the issue has not previously been investigated directly among police detainees. Comprehension of the caution was investigated among two groups, police station suspects (N = 30) and individuals (N = 24) attending a job centre in the same area, matched for intellectual ability. In both groups, understanding was very limited and did not relate either to their situation at the time of testing or to self‐reported experience of the criminal justice system. Even under optimal experimental conditions, only 11% (six) of the participants were able to demonstrate full understanding of its meaning. Worryingly, though more than 96% (52) claimed to have understood the caution fully after it had been presented to them as it would be by the police, none of them did so. We suggest practical measures to ameliorate the difficulties, but the importance of devising a new, simplified, version of the current caution cannot be over‐emphasized; otherwise, miscarriages of justice are likely to occur. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3‐Nitrocoumarin is an efficient inhibitor of budding yeast phospholipase‐C
Authors: Tisi Renata , Coccetti Paola , Banfi Stefano , Martegani Enzo 
Published: August 2002

Abstract3‐Nitrocoumarin is described in the literature as a specific inhibitor of mammalian phospholipase‐C and here we studied the effect of 3‐nitrocoumarin on budding yeast phosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase‐C and its effect on yeast growth. 3‐Nitrocoumarin is a powerful inhibitor in vitro of the yeast Plc1 protein with an IC50 of 57 nm and it is also an inhibitor of yeast growth in minimal media at comparable concentrations. Moreover at the same concentration it inhibits the glucose‐induced PI‐turnover. Since the effects of 3‐nitrocoumarin on yeast growth are superimposable on the growth phenotype caused by PLC1 gene deletion we can conclude that 3‐nitrocoumarin is a specific and selective inhibitor of yeast phospholipase‐C. In addition we show that 3‐nitrocoumarin was also an effective inhibitor of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute left ventricular failure after transcatheter closure of a secundum atrial septal defect in a patient with coronary artery disease: A critical reappraisal
Authors: Tomai Fabrizio , Gaspardone Achille , Papa Marco , Polisca Patrizio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report a case of acute left ventricular failure after transcatheter closure of a single secundum atrial septal defect in a 68‐year‐old man with coronary artery disease. Just before the procedure, two coronary lesions had been treated with direct stenting. Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects should always be deferred in ischemic heart disease patients who need percutaneous myocardial revascularization. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:97–99. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty and atrial septal defect closure for pulmonary valvular stenosis and associated secundum atrial septal defect in an adult
Authors: Wahl Andreas , Windecker Stephan , Misteli Max , Meier Bernhard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPercutaneous balloon valvuloplasty is the treatment of choice for congenital pulmonary valve stenosis, and percutaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defects has become a promising alternative to surgery in selected patients. We report a case of combined percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty and secundum atrial septal defect occlusion in an adult patient. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:68–70. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute and long‐term outcomes of stenting in coronary vessel > 3.0 mm, 3.0–2.5 mm, and < 2.5 mm
Authors: Hsieh I‐Chang , Chien Chu‐Chun , Chang Hern‐Jia , Chern Ming‐Shyan , Hung Kuo‐Chun , Lin Fun‐Chung , Wu Delon 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe compared the acute and long‐term outcomes of stentings in coronary vessels > 3.0 mm, 3.0–2.5 mm, and < 2.5 mm. A total of 1,152 patients underwent coronary stenting was divided into three groups based on the reference vessel size. Group A consisted of 598 patients (667 lesions) with a reference vessel diameter > 3.0 mm, group B 485 patients (544 lesions) with a reference vessel diameter of 3.0–2.5 mm, and group C 114 patients (119 lesions) with a reference vessel diameter < 2.5 mm. The procedural success, stent thrombosis, and in‐hospital cardiac event rate were similar in the three groups. At 6‐month angiographic follow‐up, the lesion restenotic rate was significantly higher in the small‐vessel group (14%, 22%, and 26% in groups A, B, and C, respectively; P = 0.011). These differences appeared to result from a lesser acute gain and a lesser net gain in small‐vessel group; the late luminal loss was similar in the three groups. During a follow‐up duration of 28 ± 3 months, group C patients had a significantly lower rate of event‐free survival than the group A and B patients (71% vs. 85% and 82%; P = 0.002). Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that complex lesion (P = 0.032) and long lesion (P = 0.046) are independent predictors of restenosis in very‐small‐vessel (< 2.5 mm) stenting. In conclusion, the acute results of stenting in small coronary arteries appear safe and feasible with a high procedural success rate and a low incidence of stent thrombosis. Stenting in patients with a small coronary artery appears to have a similar in‐hospital cardiac event rate, but a higher angiographic restenosis rate and a lower event‐free survival rate, compared to stenting in patients with a larger coronary artery. The predictors of restenosis in very‐small‐vessel stenting are complex lesions and long lesions. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:314–322. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk assessment of slow or no‐reflow phenomenon in aortocoronary vein graft percutaneous intervention
Authors: Sdringola Stefano , Assali Abid R. , Ghani Mohammed , Moustapha Ali , Achour Hela , Yusuf S. Wamique , Fujise Ken , Rosales Oscar , Schroth George W. , Anderson H. Vernon , Smalling Richard W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSlow or no‐reflow phenomenon (SNR) complicates 10%–15% of cases of percutaneous intervention (PCI) in aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts (SVG). At present, there are no uniform, effective strategies to predict or prevent this common and potentially serious complication. The purpose of our study was to characterize variables correlated with the risk of SNR in SVG PCI in the era of stenting and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors. We identified 2,898 consecutive patients who had PCI, of whom 163 underwent PCI of at least one SVG. The clinical and angiographic characteristics of patients who developed SNR (SNR group) were compared with those who did not (no‐SNR group). A total of 23 patients experienced SNR and 140 did not. Using a stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis, four independent predictors for SNR were detected: probable thrombus (OR 6.9; 95% CI, 2.1–23.9; P = 0.001), acute coronary syndromes (OR 6.4; 95% CI, 2.0–25.3; P = 0.003), degenerated vein graft (OR 5.2; 95% CI, 1.7–16.6; P = 0.003), and ulcer (OR 3.4; 95% CI, 0.99–11.6; P = 0.04). The risk of developing SNR could be estimated according to the number of predictors found: low‐grade risk (1%–10%) if ≤ one variable was present, moderate risk (20%–40%) if two variables were present, and high risk (60%–90%) if three or more variables were present. We identified and quantified current risk factors for SNR and concluded that the risk of developing SNR during PCI in SVG can be predicted by simple clinical and angiographic variables obtained before PCI. This information may be useful when the risk of PCI has to be balanced against alternative strategies such as medical therapy or redo‐bypass surgery or in the selection of those patients that will most benefit from the use of protection devices during PCI. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:318–324. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro study of FFR, QCA, and IVUS for the assessment of optimal stent deployment
Authors: Matthys Koen , Carlier Stéphane , Segers Patrick , Ligthart Jurgen , Sianos Georges , Serrano Pedro , Verdonck Pascal R. , Serruys Patrick W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe tested whether fractional flow reserve (FFR) discriminates between suboptimally and optimally deployed stents. Latex tubes (diameter ⊘ = 4 mm) with diameter stenosis 40% (n = 3), 50% (n = 3) and 60% (n = 3) were tested in a pulsatile flow system, using water. Measurements were done at baseline (n = 9; FFR/QCA) and after suboptimal (SOD; 3‐mm balloon at 8 atm) and optimal (OD; 4 mm balloon at 16 atm) deployment of a 35‐mm stent (n = 6; FFR/QCA/IVUS). Varying Q from 150 to 50 ml/min increased FFR by 2–7%. Conversely, at 100 ml/min, FFR increased by only 0.8% from SOD to OD (P < 0.05). Extrapolating data to blood flow, the gain in FFR from SOD to OD is less than 5% for Q = 100 ml/min, while FFR may increase by 15–20% by changes in blood flow from 50 to 150 ml/min. We conclude that IVUS and QCA are more appropriate for the assessment of optimal stent deployment. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:363–375. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A search for circular dichroism in the VUV photofragmentation mass spectra of 2‐amino‐1‐butanol
Authors: Mackie R.A. , Browning R. , Latimer C.J. , Scully S.W.J. , Dunn K.F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe dissociative photoionization of a single‐enantiomer chiral molecule by circularly polarized synchrotron radiation was investigated, for the first time, in the gas phase. Photoion mass spectra were produced by the interaction of (+)‐(S)‐, (−)‐(R)‐ and rac‐2‐amino‐l‐butanol with circularly polarized light. Comparison of these spectra places an upper bound of approximately 2% on circular dichroism in the dissociative photoionization of 2‐amino‐l‐butanol at 21 eV, which may have consequences for the theory that the origin of biological homochirality was predominantly enantioselective photofragmentation by circularly polarized light. We have also identified and elucidated many of the difficulties of performing gas phase CD measurements in crossed beam experiments. Chirality 14:478–483, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Creating an intelligence system at the Swedish National Financial Management Authority
Authors: Pettersson Urban 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOur assignment was to build a system for handling information concerning financial administration systems for the Swedish National Financial Management Authority, known as ESV. Many Swedish organizations have systematized their business intelligence (BI) activities during the 1990s and are continuing to do so (Hedin, 1993). The focus was on market development and the agencies' financial administration systems needs. The development of our system required two parallel processes, one focused on the high‐tech, IT‐solutions and one on the high‐touch (Hedin, 1999; Tyson, 1996), people solutions. The high‐tech solution focused on issues like methodology, systematisation, and IT‐solutions for the overall and the personal environmental analysis. The high‐touch solution focused on soft issues like creating enthusiasm and engagement, as well as putting together expert‐groups and business intelligence teams. The information needs analysis showed that a knowledge base was lacking. Based on the information needs analysis and looking at the internal IT‐system, the department for Financial Administration Systems at ESV needed to build a system for environmental analysis with the following capabilities:

Create a continuous flow of market signals
Monitor news and market information
Possess methods and tools for structuring and analysing market signals
Store profiles on players on the market
Use the Intranet for presenting the information
Create a knowledge base for internal knowledge and experience
Use the available information on the Internet in a more efficient way
Create a web of persons that monitors and reports important market signals
Unique to this project was that everyone in the organisation was engaged in the process—the object was to create a more intelligent organisation and to involve their customers (agencies) in the information needs analysis. This article presents a solution based on needs found in the information needs analysis. The work was conducted during the winter of 1999–2000 by Susanne Lindestam Öktem of the Swedish National Financial Management Authority. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The strategy wheel: A method for analysis and benchmarking for competitive strategy
Authors: Kotorov Rado P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn today's hyper‐competitive markets, companies try to gain advantage by deploying surprise strategies through which they secure first‐mover advantage, or the advantage of introducing goods and services to the market prior to their competitors. Competitive intelligence (CI) specialists, corporate analysts, and strategic planners try to unveil these strategies. However, as Nobel Prize laureate economist Herbert Simon (1973) pointed out, there is a paradox in trying to find strategically important information, for a company cannot determine how much effort and expenses to allocate without knowing what information it is looking for. Simon had advocated the use of computers to reduce the cost of collecting and processing information for making decisions with incomplete information. Following Simon's basic idea and recognizing the fact that competitive strategy is a well‐kept secret, we have developed a computer‐based analytical method that allows competitive analysts to infer the corporate strategic direction from disparate sources of information. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Myosins ofBabesia bovis: Molecular characterisation, erythrocyte invasion, and phylogeny
Authors: Lew A.E. , Dluzewski A.R. , Johnson A.M. , Pinder J.C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing degenerate primers, three putative myosin sequences were amplified from Australian isolates ofBabesa bovisand confirmed as myosins (termed Bbmyo‐A, Bbmyo‐B, and Bbmyo‐C) from in vitro cultures of the W strain ofB. bovis. Comprehensive analysis of 15 apicomplexan myosins suggests that members of Class XIV be defined as those with greater than 35% myosin head sequence identity and that these be further subclassed into groups bearing above 50–60% identity. Bbmyo‐A protein bears a strong similarity with other apicomplexan myosin‐A type proteins (subclass XIVa), the Bbmyo‐B myosin head protein sequence exhibits low identity (35–39%) with all members of Class XIV, and 5′‐sequence of Bbmyo‐C shows strong identity (60%) withP. falciparummyosin‐C protein. Domain analysis revealed five divergent IQ domains within the neck of Pfmyo‐C, and a myosin‐N terminal domain as well as a classical IQ sequence unusually located within the head converter domain of Bbmyo‐B. A cross‐reacting antibody directed againstP. falciparummyosin‐A (Pfmyo‐A) revealed a zone of approximately 85 kDa in immunoblots prepared withB. bovistotal protein, and immunofluorescence inferred stage‐specific myosin‐A expression since only 25% of infected erythrocytes with mostly pairedB. boviswere immuno‐positive. Multiplication ofB. bovisin in vitro culture was inhibited by myosin‐ and actin‐binding drugs at concentrations lower than those that inhibitP. falciparum. This study identifies and classifies three myosin genes and an actin gene inB. bovis, and provides the first evidence for the participation of an actomyosin‐based motor in erythrocyte invasion in this species of apicomplexan parasite. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 52:202–220, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Standardization of performance evaluation in MRI: 13 Years' experience of intersystem comparison
Authors: De Wilde J. , Price D. , Curran J. , Williams J. , Kitney R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents work undertaken over 13 years to standardize image quality measurements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Magnetic Resonance National Evaluation Team, MagNET, a nonprofit organization based in the United Kingdom, has performed image quality evaluations since 1988. The results of these type tests have been for the use of the UK National Health Service primarily during purchasing and installation of a new MRI system. The United Kingdom currently has around 300 MRI systems which is a substantially lower number than found in the United States or Japan. However these tests are deemed essential to ensure quality and safety of MRI within a nationalized health service. Over 70 MRI systems have been type tested for a range of performance characteristics; this paper focuses on four parameters to demonstrate the successes and pitfalls of intersystem comparison. Overall the data for signal‐to‐noise ratio and geometric distortion clearly show the benefits of high‐field MRI and reflect the market shift in this direction. The tests also distinguish clearly between open‐sided and cylindrical bore magnet designs. The imaging speed parameter is presented over the last 10 years and clearly reflects the rapid development in computer data processing and gradient performance within MRI. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts in Magnetic Resonance (Magn Reson Engineering) 15: 111–116, 2002.