bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cruise ships and kayaks: welfare and rehabilitation approaches for women with disabilities in poverty
Authors: Foley Susan M. , Marrone Joseph , Simon Mia 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWomen with disabilities have low employment rates and about one‐third live in poverty. They represent half of the population using either services of the vocational rehabilitation (VR) system or the welfare system, and many use both. Although both systems have made gains in improving their employment status, neither comprehensively addresses the needs of this population. Welfare policy has encouraged state level innovation and moved large numbers of people into employment in as little as five years. State welfare agencies offer a range of services specifically addressing the needs of families with children. VR agencies have decades of specific experience assisting people with disabilities gain employment. Welfare reform has been the cruise ship moving large numbers of people across an ocean. VR agencies have been the kayak builders designing specialized small craft to move specific people along tributaries. What can they learn from each other? Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accounting for unemployment among people with mental illness
Authors: Baron Richard C. , Salzer Mark S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPersons diagnosed with a serious mental illness experience significantly high rates of unemployment compared with the general population. The explanations for this situation have included a focus on the symptoms associated with these disorders, a focus on the lack of effective vocational rehabilitation programs for this population, and, most recently, a focus on employer discrimination and the financial disincentives to employment in various public policies. The authors of this manuscript review the evolution in thought pertaining to the labor market experiences of persons with a serious mental illness and propose as an additional set of factors that should be considered, those labor market liabilities that this population shares with others without disabilities who experience similar employment histories. The authors conclude that the inclusion of these factors in our understanding of issues that persons with serious mental illness face in the competitive labor market will likely lead to a further evolution in program and policy development. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does U.S. federal policy support employment and recovery for people with psychiatric disabilities?
Authors: O'Day Bonnie , Killeen Mary 
Published: December 2002

AbstractEvidence suggests that a high percentage of people with a psychiatric disability can recover—find meaningful work, develop positive relationships, and participate fully in their communities. Evidence also suggests that work is an essential component of recovery. However, few people with a serious psychiatric disability are actually employed and most of those who are employed work only part‐time at barely minimum wages.To assess the impact of federal programs such as Social Security Disability Insurance, vocational rehabilitation, medical insurance, and psychiatric services upon employment, we conducted a qualitative study of 16 employed and 16 unemployed individuals with psychiatric disabilities. All of our participants had disabilities severe enough to qualify them for Social Security Disability benefits.They told us that current federal policies and practices encouraged employment and integration of only a few participants, in a particular stage of their recovery, and placed significant barriers in the employment path of others. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TNFα downregulates PPARδ expression in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells: Implications for demyelinating diseases
Authors: Cimini Annamaria , Bernardo Antonietta , Cifone Grazia , Di Muzio Luisa , Di Loreto Silvia 
Published: December 2002

AbstractTNFα has been implicated in several demyelinating disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and X‐adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD). TNFα abundance is greatly increased in the areas surrounding damaged regions of the central nervous system of patients with MS and X‐ALD, but its role in the observed demyelination remains to be elucidated. A class of nuclear receptors, the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs), has been implicated in several physiological and pathological processes. In particular, PPARδ has been shown to promote oligodendrocyte (OL) survival and differentiation and PPARγ has been implicated in inflammation. In the present study, we investigate on the effects of TNFα on OLs during differentiation in vitro. The results obtained show that TNFα treatment impairs PPARδ expression with concomitant decrease of lignocerolyl‐CoA synthase and very‐long‐chain fatty acid β‐oxidation as well as plasmalogen biosynthesis. We propose a hypothetical model possibly explaining the perturbation effects of proinflammatory cytokines on myelin synthesis, maturation, and turnover. GLIA 41:3–14, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alterations in the balance of protein kinase and phosphatase activities and age‐related impairments of synaptic transmission and long‐term potentiation
Authors: Hsu Kuei‐Sen , Huang Chiung‐Chun , Liang Ying‐Ching , Wu Huang‐Ming , Chen Yea‐Lin , Lo Shiow‐Win , Ho Wen‐Chia 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAging is associated with an impaired ability to maintain long‐term potentiation (LTP), but the underlying cause of the impairment remains unclear. To gain a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for this impairment, the synaptic transmission and plasticity were studied in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices from adult (6–8 months) and poor‐memory (PM)‐aged (23–24 months) rats. The one‐way inhibitory avoidance learning task was used as the behavioral paradigm to screen PM‐aged rats. With intracellular recordings, CA1 neurons of PM‐aged rats exhibited a more hyperpolarized resting membrane potential, reduced input resistance, and increased amplitude of afterhyperpolarization and spike threshold, compared with those in adult rats. Although a reduction in the size of excitatory synaptic response was observed in PM‐aged rats, no obvious differences were found between adult and PM‐aged rats in the pharmacological properties of excitatory synaptic response, paired‐pulse facilitation, or frequency‐dependent facilitation, which was tested with trains of 10 pulses at 1, 5, and 10 Hz. Slices from the PM‐aged rats displayed significantly reduced early‐phase long‐term potentiation (E‐LTP) and late‐phase LTP (L‐LTP), and the entire frequency‐response curve of LTP and LTD is modified to favor LTD induction. The susceptibility of time‐dependent reversal of LTP by low‐frequency afferent stimulation was also facilitated in PM‐aged rats. Bath application of the protein phosphatase inhibitor, calyculin A, enhanced synaptic response in slices from PM‐aged, but not adult, rats. In contrast, application of the cAMP‐dependent protein kinase inhibitors, Rp‐8‐CPT‐cAMPS and KT5720, induced a decrease in synaptic transmission only in slices from the adult rats. Furthermore, the selective β‐adrenergic receptor agonist, isoproterenol, and pertussis toxin‐sensitive G‐protein inhibitor, N‐ethylmaleimide, effectively restored the deficit in E‐LTP and L‐LTP of PM‐aged rats. These results demonstrate that age‐related impairments of synaptic transmission and LTP may result from alterations in the balance of protein kinase/phosphatase activities. Hippocampus 2002;12:787–802. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Facilitated CA1 hippocampal synaptic plasticity in dystrophin‐deficient mice: Role for GABAA receptors?
Authors: Vaillend Cyrille , Billard Jean‐Marie 
Published: December 2002

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is associated with cognitive deficits that may result from a deficiency in the brain isoform of the cytoskeletal membrane‐associated protein, dystrophin. CA1 hippocampal short‐term potentiation (STP) of synaptic transmission is increased in dystrophin‐deficient mdx mice, which has been attributed to a facilitated activation of NMDA receptors. In this study, extracellular recordings in the hippocampal slice preparation were used first to determine the consequences of this alteration on short‐term depression (STD). STD induction was facilitated in mdx as compared with wild‐type mice in a control medium. Because brain dystrophin deficiency results in a decreased number of γ‐aminobutyric acid A (GABAA)‐receptor clusters, we tested the hypothesis that neuronal disinhibition contributes to the enhanced synaptic plasticity in mdx mice. We found that the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline, increased basal neurotransmission in wild‐type, but not in mdxmice and prevented the enhanced STP and STD in the CA1 area of slices from mdx mice. The possibility that altered GABA mechanisms underlie the facilitation of NMDA receptor‐dependent synaptic plasticity in mdx mice is discussed. Hippocampus 2002;12:713–717. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential contributions of the parahippocampal place area and the anterior hippocampus to human memory for scenes
Authors: Köhler Stefan , Crane Joelle , Milner Brenda 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPast neuroimaging research has identified a parahippocampal place area (PPA) in the posterior medial temporal lobe (MTL), which responds preferentially to visual scenes and plays a role in episodic memory for this class of stimuli. In the present positron emission tomography study, we examined to what extent the functional characteristics of the PPA resemble those of other, more anterior MTL regions across various learning and recognition‐memory tasks. We also determined whether the involvement of the PPA in recognition of previously studied scenes is specific to a particular type of scene information. We found that, like the PPA, anterior hippocampal regions showed a novelty response (higher activation for novel than repeated scenes) and a stimulus‐related response (higher activation for scenes than objects) during learning, indicating that MTL structures other than the PPA contribute to the encoding of novel stimulus relationships in scenes. However, these anterior hippocampal regions showed no involvement during recognition of either spatial or nonspatial information contained in scenes. The PPA, by contrast, was consistently involved in recognition of all types of scene details, presumably through interactions with co‐activated parietal and occipitotemporal cortices. We suggest that MTL contributions from the PPA are sufficient to support recognition of scenes when the task can be based on a perceptually based familiarity process. Hippocampus 2002;12:718–723. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Progressive supranuclear palsy diagnosis and confounding features: Report on 16 autopsied cases
Authors: Birdi Sam , Rajput Ali H. , Fenton Mark , Donat Jeffery R. , Rozdilsky Bohdan , Robinson Christopher , Macaulay Rob , George David 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe evaluated 16 (15 men, 1 woman) autopsy‐verified progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) cases during 31 years (1969–2000) for clinical diagnosis and the course of the disease. The onset was gait difficulty or postural instability in 9 (56.3%), general motor slowing in 3 (18.8%), and tremor in 2. One case had onset with cognitive decline and 1 as hemidystonia. Four cases had supranuclear ophthalmoplegia (SNO) at the first assessment and were diagnosed as PSP. By last assessment, PSP diagnosis was made in 4 additional cases, but in 8 (50%) who never manifested ophthalmoplegia (mean 9.8 years after onset), PSP diagnosis was not made. Other manifestations included bulbar symptoms in 13 (81.3%), and cognitive impairment in 10 (62.5%) during the course of illness. Fifteen cases received levodopa, amantadine, anticholinergics, dopamine agonists, and selegiline in different combinations with symptomatic benefit in 9 of 15 (60%). Five had some improvement on levodopa alone and 3 showed more improvement when a dopamine agonist was added to levodopa. In general, the benefit was minimal and occurred only early in the course of illness. The mean age at onset was 63.7 (range, 53–85) years. Mean duration at PSP diagnosis was 4.8 (range, 2–11) years. Mean survival was 8.6 (range, 3–24) years and mean age at death was 72.3 (range, 60–89) years. When the different diagnostic criteria recommended in the literature were used, the accuracy of clinical diagnosis did not improve substantially. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Cabergoline plasma concentration is increased during concomitant treatment with itraconazole
Authors: Christensen Jakob , Dupont Erik , Østergaard Karen 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe report on 2 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease who experienced marked improvement in symptoms following the addition of itraconazole to current cabergoline treatment. Plasma levels of cabergoline were analyzed in one of the patients and increased to approximately 300% during treatment with itraconazole, which paralleled major clinical improvement. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
The power of cueing to circumvent dopamine deficits: A review of physical therapy treatment of gait disturbances in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Rubinstein Tamar C. , Giladi Nir , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractGait disturbances are among the primary symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and contribute significantly to a patient's loss of function and independence. Standard treatment includes antiparkinsonian drugs, primarily levodopa. In addition to the standard drug regime, physical therapy is often prescribed to help manage the disease. In recent years, there have been promising reports of physical therapy programs combined with various types of sensory cueing for PD. In this brief review of the literature, we summarize the evidence regarding the clinical efficacy of different physical therapy programs for PD, specifically with respect to improving gait. We also discuss the potential therapeutic mechanisms of sensory cueing and review the studies that have used cueing in the treatment of gait in PD. This review of the literature shows two key findings: (1) despite its relatively long history, the evidence supporting the efficacy of conventional physical therapy for treatment of gait in PD is not strong; and (2) although further investigation is needed, sensory cueing appears to be a powerful means of improving gait in PD. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Transient mania with hypersexuality after surgery for high frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Romito Luigi Michele , Raja Michele , Daniele Antonio , Contarino Maria Fiorella , Bentivoglio Anna Rita , Barbier Annalisa , Scerrati Massimo , Albanese Alberto 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAmong 30 Parkinson's disease patients who received high frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, 5 developed remarkable disorders of mood or sexual behavior after the implant. We describe 2 men who developed mania and hypersexuality a few days after the implant that lasted for some months and then gradually disappeared spontaneously. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Case‐Control study of dopamine transporter‐1, monoamine oxidase‐B, and catechol‐O‐methyl transferase polymorphisms in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Goudreau John L. , Maraganore Demetrius M. , Farrer Matthew J. , Lesnick Timothy G. , Singleton Andrew B. , Bower James H. , Hardy John A. , Rocca Walter A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe investigated the association of Parkinson's disease (PD) with dopamine transporter‐1 (DAT1), monoamine oxidase‐B (MAO‐B), and catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) gene polymorphisms. Overall, we observed no significant association of PD with the DAT1‐3′–variable numbers of tandem repeats, the MAO‐B‐(GT)n, and the COMT‐Val108Met gene polymorphisms in a sample of 319 unrelated PD cases and 196 control subjects. Analyses stratified by sex, age at examination, family history of PD, and ethnic origin also yielded negative findings, with three exceptions. We found statistically significant associations of PD with MAO‐B polymorphisms in older patients and with a COMT polymorphism in younger subjects and in women. These significant differences at the two‐tailed alpha level of 0.05 and restricted to subgroup analyses may have a biological basis or may be chance findings. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Sublingual Atropine for sialorrhea secondary to parkinsonism: A pilot study
Authors: Hyson H. Christopher , Johnson Andrew M. , Jog Mandar S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractSialorrhea is a relatively common symptom in idiopathic Parkinson's disease and related conditions for which most of the accepted treatments are either highly invasive or may cause substantial systemic side effects. This study describes an open‐label pilot study of sublingual atropine drops for the treatment of sialorrhea in 7 patients (6 with Parkinson's disease, 1 with progressive supranuclear palsy). Participants demonstrated statistically significant declines in saliva production, both objectively and subjectively. Self‐reported drooling severity showed a significant decline between baseline and 180 minutes, t(6) = 3.240 P < 0.025 (η2 = 0.636), and between baseline and 1 week, t(6) = 4.583 P < 0.005 (η2 = 0.778). Objectively measured saliva production decreased significantly between baseline and the 1‐week follow‐up, t(6) = 2.711 P < 0.05 (η2 = 0.551). Delirium occurred in 1 patient (concurrent with a urinary tract infection), and 2 patients experienced worsening of hallucinations (active hallucinosis was concealed by both individuals to allow participation in the trial). The remaining trial participants did not experience any anticholinergic side effects. This trial shows that, in selected patient populations, sublingual atropine is a simple and inexpensive treatment for sialorrhea associated with parkinsonism. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Holmes' tremor and neuroparacoccidioidomycosis: A case report
Authors: Teive Hélio A.G. , Zanatta Alessandra , Germiniani Francisco M.B. , Almeida Sérgio M. , Werneck Lineu C. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe report on a case of neuroparacoccidioidomycosis that presented with a midbrain mass lesion associated with Holmes' tremor. The difficulties of pharmacological treatment of such tremor are emphasized. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Forty‐one year follow‐up of childhood‐onset opsoclonus‐myoclonus‐ataxia: Cerebellar atrophy, multiphasic relapses, and response to IVIG
Authors: Pranzatelli Michael R. , Tate Elizabeth D. , Kinsbourne Marcel , Caviness Verne S. , Mishra Bibhuti 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe report on an adult with opsoclonus‐myoclonus‐ataxia syndrome experiencing widely spaced neurological relapses, who was followed for 41 years. His responses to treatment are described. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Further case of paroxysmal exercise‐induced dystonia and some insights into pathogenesis
Authors: Barnett Michael H. , Jarman Paul R. , Heales Simon J.R. , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis of pterin and monamine metabolites was performed before and after an attack in a patient with paroxysmal exercise‐induced dystonia. A twofold increase in CSF homovanillic acid and 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid after an attack was measured. This finding lends support to the hypothesis that increased dopaminergic transmission contributes to the clinical features of the hyperkinetic movement disorders. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Method for efficient fast spin echo Dixon imaging
Authors: Ma Jingfei , Singh Sanjay K. , Kumar Ashok J. , Leeds Norman E. , Broemeling Lyle D. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn order to satisfy the Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill (CPMG) condition, echo shift as dictated in fast‐spin‐echo (FSE)‐based Dixon imaging was previously achieved by applying a time shift to the readout gradient and the data acquisition window. Accordingly, interecho spacing is increased, which entails increased image blurring and, in multislice imaging, a significant reduction in the slice coverage for a given imaging time. In this work, a new method is developed by which the echo shift is induced by “sandwiching” in time the readout gradient with a pair of small gradients of equal area and of opposite polarity. While data with non‐zero phase shifts between water and fat signals are collected as fractional echoes, no increase in echo spacing is necessary with the modified acquisition strategy, and increased time efficiency is therefore achieved. In order to generate separate water‐only and fat‐only images in data processing, a set of low‐resolution images are first reconstructed from the central symmetric portion (either 128 × 128 or 64 × 64) of the acquired multipoint Dixon data. High‐resolution images using all the acquired data, including some partial Fourier‐reconstructed images, are then phase demodulated using the phase errors determined from the low‐resolution images. The feasibility of the technique is demonstrated using a water and fat phantom as well as in clinical patient imaging. Magn Reson Med 48:1021–1027, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reproducibility of localized 2D correlated MR spectroscopy
Authors: Binesh Nader , Yue Kenneth , Fairbanks Lynn , Thomas M. Albert 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe test‐retest reliability of two‐dimensional (2D) correlated spectroscopy (COSY) was studied on a whole‐body 1.5T MRI scanner. Single‐voxel localized 2D proton spectra were recorded in vitro as well as in vivo using a recently implemented localized chemical shift correlated spectroscopic (L‐COSY) sequence. A total of 40 in vitro and 40 human brain (10 volunteers, four times each) 2D L‐COSY spectra were recorded. The coefficients of variation (CVs) of selected brain metabolites (raw volume integrals) recorded in 10 healthy volunteers were less than 9% for creatine, choline, and N‐acetyl aspartate, and less than 17% for myo‐inositol, glutamine/glutamate, aspartate, and threonine/lactate. The 2D metabolite ratios and the raw volume integrals of 2D diagonal and cross peaks in healthy human brain were very well reproduced. The intraclass correlation coefficients were greater than 0.4 (P < 0.05) for the major metabolites, indicating that the 2D peak volumes were stable enough within individuals to detect reliable differences between normal subjects. Magn Reson Med 48:942–948, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Band artifacts due to bulk motion
Authors: Storey Pippa , Chen Qun , Li Wei , Edelman Robert R. , Prasad Pottumarthi V. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBand artifacts due to bulk motion were investigated in images acquired with fast gradient echo sequences. A simple analytical calculation shows that the width of the artifacts has a square‐root dependence on the velocity of the imaged object, the time taken to acquire each line of k‐space and the field of view in the phase‐encoding direction. The theory furthermore predicts that the artifact width can be reduced using parallel imaging by a factor equal to the square root of the acceleration parameter. The analysis and results are presented for motion in the phase‐ and frequency‐encoding directions and comparisons are made between sequential and centric ordering. The theory is validated in phantom experiments, in which bulk motion is simulated in a controlled and reproducible manner by rocking the scan table back and forth along the bore axis. Preliminary cardiac studies in healthy human volunteers show that dark bands may be observed in the endocardium in images acquired with nonsegmented fast gradient echo sequences. The fact that the position of the bands changes with the phase‐encoding direction suggests that they may be artifacts due to motion of the heart walls during the image acquisition period. Magn Reson Med 48:1028–1036, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.