bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtopsy: Postmortem Minimally Invasive Angiography Using Cross Section Techniques—Implementation and Preliminary Results
Authors: Jackowski C , Sonnenschein M , Thali MJ , Aghayev E , von Allmen G , Yen K , Dirnhofer R , Vock P 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Postmortem investigation is increasingly supported by Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). This led to the idea to implement a noninvasive or minimally invasive autopsy technique. Therefore, a minimally invasive angiography technique becomes necessary, in order to support the vascular cross section diagnostic. Preliminary experiments investigating different contrast agents for CT and MRI and their postmortem applicability have been performed using an ex-vivo porcine coronary model. MSCT and MRI angiography was performed in the porcine model. Three human corpses were investigated using minimally invasive MSCT angiography. Via the right femoral artery a plastic tube was advanced into the aortic arch. Using a flow adjustable pump the radiopaque contrast agent meglumine-ioxithalamate was injected. Subsequent MSCT scanning provided an excellent anatomic visualization of the human arterial system including intracranial and coronary arteries. Vascular pathologies such as calcification, stenosis and injury were detected. Limitations of the introduced approach are cases of major vessel injury and cases that show an advanced stage of decay.
Identification and Characterization of Variant Alleles at CODIS STR Loci
Authors: Allor C , Einum DD , Scarpetta M 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Short tandem repeat (STR) profiles from 32,671 individuals generated by the ABI Profiler Plus and Cofiler systems were screened for variant alleles not represented within manufacturer-provided allelic ladders. A total of 85 distinct variants were identified at 12 of the 13 CODIS loci, most of which involve a truncated tetranucleotide repeat unit. Twelve novel alleles, identified at D3S1358, FGA, D18S51, D5S818, D7S820 and TPOX, were confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis and include both insertions and deletions involving the repeat units themselves as well as DNA flanking the repeat regions. Population genetic data were collected for all variants and frequencies range from 0.0003 (many single observations) to 0.0042 (D7S820 ‘10.3’ in North American Hispanics). In total, the variant alleles identified in this study are carried by 1.6% of the estimated 1 million individuals tested annually in the U.S. for the purposes of parentage resolution. A paternity case involving a recombination event of paternal origin is presented and demonstrates how variant alleles can significantly strengthen the genetic evidence in troublesome cases. In such instances, increased costs and turnaround time associated with additional testing may be eliminated.
Analysis of Non-Suspect Samples Lacking Visually Identifiable Sperm Using a Y-STR 10-Plex
Authors: Johnson CL , Giles RC , Warren JH , Floyd JI , Staub RW 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Y-STRs are valuable in the investigation of sexual assaults in which autosomal STR genotype interpretation is challenging. To detect male DNA from compromised sexual assault evidence, 45 non-suspect samples were differentially extracted and analyzed with 10 Y-STRs. These samples were positive for the presence of human seminal fluid, but were negative for spermatozoa by microscopic examination. Y-STR data were obtained in ∼86.2% of the epithelial or sperm fractions. On samples yielding incomplete profiles, results were obtained on an average of 5 loci per sample. The inability to obtain results may be due to insufficient amplifiable male DNA, PCR inhibition, or unfounded accusations of sexual assault. This study indicates that it is possible to obtain a male STR profile even in the absence of visually identifiable spermatozoa. Furthermore, Y-STR loci should become components of CODIS if they are to be used in solving non-suspect sexual assaults.
Autosomal STR Polymorphism in Sikh Population of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Teck TC , Kook SC , Badruddin N , Panneerchelvam S , Norazmi MN 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Buccal swabs were collected from random ethnic Sikh individuals. Sikh population is a distinct group in the Malaysian Indian population of Peninsular Malaysia. DNA was extracted by simple salting out procedure (1). Using STR multiplex primer kits, Promega Geneprint™ (CTT, FFv and STR III) and following the manufacturer's guidelines 10 ng of DNA was PCR amplified. Allele frequencies were calculated from the numbers of each genotype by gene count method. The randomness of the population was ascertained by subjecting the data to Chi-square test. No deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed. Heterozygosity and discrimination power were calculated as per the methods already reported (2–4). The allelic distribution in the Sikh population of Malaysia is compared with the Tamil population, which is an another sub-population group of Malaysian Indian population in peninsular Malaysia (5).
STR Data for the PowerPlex® 16 System Loci for the Malays, Chinese and Indians Groups of the Malaysian Population
Authors: Izuan M , Seah LH , Panneerchelvam S , Nor NM 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
A STR database for use in forensic casework was created for three major ethnic population groups in Malaysia. Blood samples were collected from unrelated individuals and DNA were extracted using Chelex method (1). PCR amplification was performed following manufactures's instructions (PowerPlex® 16 System, Promega Corporation). The amplified products were analyzed and detected using the ABIPRISM® 3100 Gene Analyzer (Applied Biosystem) with 3100 Data Collection Software (Version 1.1). The results were analyzed with GeneScan analysis software (Version 3.7.1) and genotypes were determined by comparison to allelic ladder (Promega Corporation) using Genotyper DNA fragment analysis software (Version 3.7) with the PowerTyperTM Macros (Promega Corporation).
Genetic Analysis of 15 STR Loci of Chinese Uigur Ethnic Population
Authors: Zhu B , Wang Z , Wu Q , Eli Sedike M , Zhu J , Huang P , Xu Y , Liu Y 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The blood samples were obtained from 106 unrelated healthy individuals from Yili Uigur ethnic autonomous region, Xin Jiang Province of China. Genomic DNA was extracted using the Chelex100 protocol as described by Walsh et al. (1). PCR for 15 STRs was performed in multiplex reaction using AmpFLSTR Identifiler kit; 0.9 µL (2 ng/µL) genomic DNA samples were amplified in a total reaction volume of 10 µL along with 2.9 µL deionized water, 4 µL dNTP, 0.2 µL AmpliTaqGold DNA polymerase, and 2.0 µL primer set. Thermal cycling was conducted with the below conditions: 95°C for 11 min; 28 cycles of 94°C for 60 sec, 59°C for 60 sec, 72°C for 60 sec; and a final extension of 60°C for 45min. Detection and genotyping of all PCR products were accomplished using ABI3100 DNA Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystem). Allele designation was done using GeneScan3.7 and Genotyper3.7.
Low Proof Load Prediction of Ultimate Loads of Fiberglass/Epoxy Resin I-Beams Using Acoustic Emission
Authors: Fatzinger EC , Hill EVK 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Acoustic emission (AE) nondestructive testing was used to monitor fiberglass/epoxy I-beams. The experiment consisted of loading the I-beams in cantilever fashion with a hydraulic ram. While testing, AE waveforms were collected from the onset of loading to failure. After acquisition, the AE data from each test were filtered to include only data collected up to 50 % of the theoretical ultimate load for further analysis.
A Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM) was utilized to separate individual data points into failure mechanism clusters. Then a multiple linear regression analysis was performed using the percentage of hits associated with each failure mechanism along with the epoxy type to develop a prediction equation. The results of this analysis provided a prediction to within a 36.0 % error. A second analysis was performed utilizing a back-propagation neural network. The inputs to the network included a categorical variable for the epoxy type together with the amplitude frequencies from 30–100 dB. The optimized network contained two hidden layers having nine neurons apiece. Here the ultimate load prediction was within 48 lbf for a 9.5 % error. Thus, the back-propagation neural network produced far better results than the SOM/multiple linear regression, probably because of unwanted noise and perhaps nonlinearities in the data.
Size Effect in Strain Limits of Medium Strength Steel
Authors: Kieselbach R , Krieg R 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The test results of a larger research project on the strain at failure for a diversity of steel specimens and parameters were evaluated with respect to the influence of the volume of the specimens. The evaluation was based on the statistical Weibull distribution. It could be shown that a clear influence of specimen volume on limit strains is present also in steel and that the effect can be described by a Weibull two-parameter function. The results indicate that limit strains are dependent on one-dimensional parameters such as length or thickness rather than on three-dimensional volume.
Improvement to X-ray Piping Diagnostic System through Simulation (Measuring Thickness of Piping Containing Rust)
Authors: Kajiwara G 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
An X-ray piping diagnostic system was developed more than ten years ago. It was used to evaluate old piping in buildings and to calculate the remaining years of functional use. It was originally developed for application to corroded pipes without rust because there was no way of calculating the remaining thickness. However, by using a new simulation code EGS4 it has become possible to calculate the true thickness of steel pipes containing rust and the actual number of years of practical use remaining. Each factor of X-ray radiography was simulated and each absorbed energy was obtained. Using this result, combinations of steel and rust for the same absorbed energy were classified. Experimental measurements of steel thickness were done with about 90 % precision.
Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Pavements for Characterization of Effective Built-In Curling
Authors: Rao S , Roesler JR 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDifferential expansion and contraction between the top and bottom of a concrete slab results in curling. Curling affects slab stresses and deflections and is an important component of any mechanistic-empirical design procedure for concrete pavements. Although some curling is caused by temperature and moisture gradients that fluctuate daily, a significant portion of the curling can be attributed to the combined effects of nonlinear “built-in” temperature gradients, irreversible shrinkage, and creep, which can be represented by an effective built-in temperature difference (EBITD). A procedure for estimating EBITD of in situ slabs using a falling-weight deflectometer and a finite-element program is presented. This procedure was used to estimate EBITD for instrumented slabs at Palmdale and Ukiah, California. Differences in restraints (from adjacent slabs, shoulder, base friction) and variability in concrete material properties resulted in EBITDs ranging from -5°C to greater than -30°C.
Estimation of Surface Macrotexture in Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Pavements Using Laser Texture Data
Authors: Meegoda JN , Rowe GM , Jumikis AA , Hettiarachchi CH , Bandara N , Gephart NC 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
This paper describes development of an automated technology to quantify surface segregation seen during construction of hot mix asphalt concrete pavements. Segregation manifested on the surface produces nonuniform surface macrotecture. A laser-based system was used for detection of nonuniform surface macrotexture caused by segregation. Two segregated test sections and a control test section were tested to evaluate the laser texture method. Laser texture data were gathered from three sites, and sand patch and nuclear density tests were performed at 25 ft (7.62 m) intervals along three sections. In addition to the above, visual surveys were performed to confirm the measurements. Based on the test results, it was found that the nuclear density test could not be used to detect surface segregation but it could be used as a confirmation test. Test results from the control section were used to establish a correlation between the sand patch tests and the laser texture data.
Medical Image Denoising Using Wavelet Thresholding
Authors: Fourati W , Kammoun F , Bouhlel MS 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn medical images, noise suppression is a particularly delicate and difficult task. A tradeoff between noise reduction and the preservation of actual image features has to be made in a way that enhances the diagnostically relevant image content. The method of wavelet thresholding has been used extensively for denoising medical images. The idea is to transform the data into the wavelet basis, in which the large coefficients are mainly the signal and the smaller ones represent the noise. By suitably modifying these coefficients, the noise can be removed from the data. In this paper, we evaluate several two-dimensional denoising procedures using medical test images corrupted with additive Gaussian noise. Our results, using the peak-signal-to-noise ratio as a measure of the quality of denoising, show that the NormalShrink method outperforms the other wavelet-based techniques (VisuShrink, BayesShrink). We also demonstrate that garrote shrinkage offers advantages over both hard and soft shrinkage.
Use of the Modified Cup Method to Determine Temperature Dependency of Water Vapor Transmission Properties of Building Materials
Authors: Mukhopadhyaya P , Kumaran MK , Lackey J 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
This paper describes a modified cup method and its application to investigate the effects of temperature on the water vapor transmission (WVT) properties of building materials. The modified cup method is a simple and versatile technique that allows the user to vary the temperature condition of the test without altering the relative humidity. Two commonly used building materials considered in this study were fiberboard and gypsum board. The five temperature levels under consideration were between 7°C and 43°C. The WVT properties were measured at 50 % average relative humidity. The results obtained from these tests are critically analyzed and reported in this paper. These results demonstrate that there is a steady exponential increase of WVT rate, through both the materials tested, with temperature. However, water vapor permeability (WVP) through the materials shows no significant change due to the variation of temperature between 7 and 43°C. The general observations made in this study confirm that the modified cup method could be used reliably to measure WVT properties of building materials. Detailed analysis of the test results also reaffirms the fact that, for fiberboard and gypsum board, at 50 % average relative humidity condition, the WVP is not dependent on the temperature condition.
Mutation analysis of the HDAC 1, 2, 8 and CDKL5 genes in Rett syndrome patients without mutations in MECP2
Authors: Huppke Peter , Ohlenbusch Andreas , Brendel Cornelia , Laccone Franco , Gärtner Jutta 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMutations in the MECP2 gene are found in only 80% of patients with Rett syndrome (RTT). Therefore other genes have to be involved in the pathogenesis of RTT. By using our defined diagnostic criteria we first re‐evaluated 50 girls with possible RTT in whom the sequencing of the MECP2 gene had not revealed any mutations. Only 15 of theses patients fulfilled all criteria for RTT and could be considered to have classical RTT. In eight of these, further molecular analyses revealed large deletions of the MECP2 gene. In the remaining seven girls we then analyzed the genes HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC8 that encode for the histone deacetylases 1, 2, and 8 which interact with MeCP2 and are essential for its function. Although these histone deacetylase genes have been considered as good candidate genes for RTT our molecular analysis of these genes did not detect any mutations. Because recently mutations in CDKL5 were reported in patients with RTT, we included this gene in our analysis but failed to detect any mutations. We conclude that only a subgroup of girls with possible RTT and no detectable mutation in the sequencing of the MECP2 gene do really have classical RTT. In many of those large MECP2 gene deletions can be detected by further analysis. The genes HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC8 do not seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of RTT and at least in our subgroup no mutations in the CDKL5 gene were detected. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Theory of corresponding colors as complementary sets
Authors: Pridmore Ralph W. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA corollary of Grassman's linearity law is formally derived, and states: If a number of colors have a corresponding color appearance A in different illuminants, then their complementary colors have a corresponding color appearance B. The informal logic is that: (1) a perceived color has only one complementary color; (2) two or more corresponding colors have the same complementary color (given the illuminant whites are a color match); so (3) the complementary colors to corresponding colors will themselves be a set of corresponding colors. A method of predicting corresponding colors is derived theoretically and shown to agree with data. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 371–381, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.
Study of various interventions in the façades of a historical building—Methodology proposal, chromatic and material analysis
Authors: Feliu M. J. , Edreira M. C. , Martín J. , Calleja S. , Ortega P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractVisible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) in addition to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used for determining the color and chemical composition of the architectural elements of the façades of a historical building, which today is the seat of the Diputación Provincial of Cadiz. It dates from 1770 and was built as Custom Headquarters. It is near the port and is almost encircled by the walls of the city. The determination of the color and chemical composition of the materials that provoke this color and the determination of the layers found in the extracted samples from significant zones allow to define the various interventions over the façade and to localize the time in which they were made. This is possible by comparing with graphical registries and historical documentation. The objective is a study of the color of the different façades that the building has had in order to know the history of the building and to choose materials and colors that should be used in a restoration intervention of this historical building. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 382–390, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.
Modeling and Diagnostic of the Plasma of Magnetic Field Supported Discharges
Authors: Porokhova I. A. , Holík M. , Bilyk O. , Kudrna P. , Golubovskii Y. B. , Tichý M. , Behnke J. F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this paper we present an experimental study of the variations of plasma parameters in both the axial as well as in radial directions in a 30 cm long cylindrical magnetron with outer cylindrically‐shaped anode (diameter 58 mm) and coaxially placed cathode with a diameter of 1.8 cm. The measurements were made using three radially movable cylindrical Langmuir probes placed at three different axial positions between the magnetic coils. From the measurements there were evaluated electron density, electron mean energy, plasma potential and floating potential in dependence of the magnetic field (10–40 mT) and the argon pressure (2–7 Pa). In order to measure the axial variations of the discharge current, one half of the cathode length is segmented into 14 isolated segments with length of about 10 mm.The physical processes occurring in electrode regions and the positive column of a cylindrical magnetron discharge in crossed electric and magnetic fields are investigated basing on the solution of the Boltzmann kinetic equation by a multiterm decomposition of the electron phase space distribution function in terms of the spherical tensors. The influence of the distribution function anisotropy on the absolute values and radial profiles of the electron density and rates of various transport and collision processes is analyzed. The spiral lines for the directed particle and energy transport are obtained to illustrate the anisotropy effects in dependence on magnetic field. The electron equipressure surfaces are constructed in the form of ellipsoids of pressure and their transformation in the cathode and anode regions is studied. A strong anisotropy of the energy flux tensor in contrast to a weak anisotropy of the momentum flux density tensor is found. Particular results are obtained for the cylindrical magnetron discharge in argon at pressure 3 Pa, current 200 mA and magnetic fields ranging within 10–40 mT. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of a Magnetron Plasma for Deposition of Titanium Oxide and Titanium Nitride Films
Authors: Hippler R. , Wrehde S. , Straňák V. , Zhigalov O. , Steffen H. , Tichý M. , Quaas M. , Wulff H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractExperimental results for the energy distribution of electrons and plasma ions in a magnetron discharge with a titanium target and with pure argon, argon/nitrogen and argon/oxygen mixtures as working gas are reported. Typical electron temperatures measured 6.5 … 9.5 cm above the magnetron target range between 2–3.5 eV. Typical values for the plasma potential are in the 0.4–2 V range, as are mean ion energies measured with the help of energy‐resolved mass spectrometry. Deposited titanium films show some dependencies on oxygen flow and on substrate bias. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ion Molecule and Dust Particle Formation in Ar/CH4, Ar/C2H2 and Ar/C3H6 Radio‐frequency Plasmas
Authors: Do H. T. , Thieme G. , Fröhlich M. , Kersten H. , Hippler R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMolecule and particle formation in a capacitively coupled radio‐frequency discharge has been investigated. Formation of molecular ions has been investigated by means of plasma process monitoring employing energydispersive mass spectrometry. Particle growth has been studied by recording the intensity of the transmitted and scattered laser light signal from the particle cloud. An oscillation of the transmitted laser intensity was observed which is caused by periodic formation and expansion of a central void. This behavior can be explained by multigeneration dust cloud formation. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bound State Formation and Optical Properties of Partially Ionized Dense Plasmas
Authors: Röpke G. , Reinholz H. , Neißner C. , Omar B. , Sengebusch A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractLinear response theory is used to describe the response of a charged particle system to external electromagnetic fields. Properties such as the polarization function, the dynamical conductivity and the absorption coefficient are expressed in terms of equilibrium correlation functions. Many‐particle theory is used to treat correlations in the Coulomb system. The systematic inclusion of bound states is shown. Modifications due to the influence of a dense medium lead to the dissolution (Mott effect) of bound states, which is adequately described in terms of the single‐particle spectral function. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)