bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial impact of the Gabčíkovo hydroelectric scheme on the species richness and composition of 0+ fish assemblages in the Slovak flood plain, River Danube
Authors: Černý J. , Copp G. H. , Kováč V. , Gozlan R. , Vilizzi L. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractRelatively little information exists on the effects of hydroelectric schemes on 0+ fish composition in large European rivers because few or no pre‐impact data exist. We compared 0+ fish species richness and composition, relative density, fish size as well as available and used habitat using data from 12 floodplain sites sampled just prior to (1992) and four years after (1996) the start of operations of the Gabčíkovo hydropower station on the River Danube (Slovakia). We also used modelling techniques to assess the change in species richness and habitat use and to predict 1996 occurrences from the 1992 data set. The floodplain was greatly modified by the hydroscheme. Only 12 of 27 sites sampled in August 1992 were extant in August 1996. Therefore, all four channel types identified (flowing, abandoned, weir, wing‐dam) were more lentic in 1996 than in 1992, with increased width, smaller‐sized sediment (silt, clay) and greater amounts of macrophytes. After the operations of the hydroscheme, the overall relative density of fishes (individuals per surface area) of all ages decreased, with the exception of 0+ fishes, despite a slight reduction in 0+ fish density in all channel types except weirs. Species number increased from 25 to 28, although in all channel types there was a change in the composition of the 0+ fish assemblages, with rheophiles generally replaced by limnophiles and migrants from the lower Danube. The two most important microhabitat variables were the proportion of macrophytes and gravel, the latter being the factor distinguishing 0+ fish microhabitat use in 1992 (preferences) and 1996 (indifference or avoidance). Species richness and 0+ fish density in 1996 could be predicted from the 1992 data using simple log‐linear models (density, richness, sample number). Species‐specific occurrence in 1996 could not be predicted using environmental/fish data from 1992 with multiple regression or generalized additive models (GAM). However, the overall GAM from 1992 could predict overall fish occurrence in 1996. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The choice between joint ventures and acquisitions in foreign direct investments: The role of partial acquisitions and accrued experience
Authors: Duarte Cristina López , García‐Canal Esteban 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn order to avoid the liability of foreignness, firms invest in foreign countries pooling their own resources with those of local firms. This
combination of assets may take place through joint ventures or acquisitions. When facing the need to choose between these two entry modes, managers
find that there are two critical factors that have received little attention in previous research: the existence of different types of
acquisitions—full acquisitions, pure partial acquisitions, and shared partial acquisitions—and the role of the experience accrued by the
investing firm in carrying out investments through a particular entry mode. Both factors, as well as their managerial implications, are analyzed in
this article. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of family conglomerates in emerging markets: What Western companies should know
Authors: Kim Daekwan , Kandemir Destan , Cavusgil S. Tamer 
Published: December 2003

AbstractLarge, diversified, family‐owned businesses are dominant players in the economies of most emerging markets and can be excellent business
partners for Western companies. This article highlights the evolutionary patterns of family conglomerates (FCs) and delineates principal
drivers of their growth, expansion, and internationalization. Those aspects of FCs examined in this study include early mover advantages, foreign
alliances, competitive market positioning, and diversification. Also discussed are entry‐mode considerations for Western companies contemplating
doing business in the fast‐growth markets of East Asia, Latin America, and elsewhere. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Learning about corruption: Reviews, roots, and Russia
Authors: Rodriguez Peter 
Published: December 2003

AbstractR. Rose‐Ackerman. 1999. Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences and Reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
266 pages. ISBN 0‐521‐63293‐5.R. Neild. 2002. Public Corruption: The Dark Side of Social Evolution. London: Anthem Press. 250 pages. ISBN
1‐84331‐065‐1.D. E. Hoffman. 2002. The Oligarchs: Wealth and Power in the New Russia. New York: Public Affairs. 567 pages. ISBN
1‐58648‐001‐4.
Interview: The future is bright, the future is hedge funds: An interview with James R. Hedges IV, founder, president, and chief investment officer of LJH Global Investments
Authors: Lhabitant François‐Serge 
Published: December 2003

AbstractFounded in 1992, LJH Global Investments is one of the oldest global hedge fund advisory and fund of hedge funds management firms. Its disciplined
approach to evaluating hedge funds and their respective managers is recognized by many financial services firms such as banks, asset management firms,
and insurance companies. They rely on the firm as a sub‐advisor to build, manage, and service fund of hedge funds products. Its founder, James R.
Hedges IV, was the first fund of hedge funds expert ever invited to speak to the Bank of Japan executives on the burgeoning hedge fund industry. ©
2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Growth, markets, and competitive strategies: Successes and challenges in Latin America
Authors: Crummett María 
Published: December 2003

AbstractM. Kotabe & R. Leal (Eds.). 2001. Market Revolution in Latin America: Beyond Mexico. New York: Pergamon. 379 pages.
ISBN 0‐08‐043897‐0.F. Robles, F. Simon, & J. Haar (Eds.). 2002. Winning Strategies for the New Latin Markets. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Financial Times/Prentice Hall. 364 pages. ISBN 0‐13‐061716‐4.J. Vial & P. K. Cornelius (Eds.). 2002. The Latin American Competitiveness Report 2001–2002. New York: Oxford
University Press. 213 pages. ISBN 0‐19‐515256‐5.
Intellectual property rights exhaustion—Opposite viewpoints: United States/Europe: Silhouette International v. Hartlauer & Quality King Distributors v. L'anza Research International
Authors: Tancer Robert S. , Mosseri‐Marlio Claude 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis article considers two recent opinions, one of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the other of the Supreme Court of the United
States. Both deal with the exhaustion of intellectual property rights, but the results and underlying reasoning clearly conflict. In this brief
article, we attempt to discuss these cases and suggest some reasons for the different results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wavefield separation using a volume distribution of three component recordings
Authors: Robertsson Johan O. A. , Muyzert Everhard 
Published: December 2003

By making multiple three component (3C) measurements around a volume so that the rate of change of the wavefield in all directions can be estimated, it is possible to calculate the divergence and the curl of the wavefield which in turns corresponds to P‐ and S‐waves. The volume may be of arbitrary shape, but the equations for wavefield separation are simplified if the volume has a known shape such as that of a tetrahedron. The dimensions of the volume should be smaller than approximately one fifth of the minimum wavelength of the recorded wavefield.A field test was carried out in Oman in April 1998. With a lack of distinct P‐ and S‐waves in the data, the technique was instead evaluated on the airwave‐induced ground motion. The airwave arrival was found to consist mainly of vertical motion that decays with depth. The wavefield separation technique was successfully tested on this arrival.
Type II shock and CME from the corona to 1 AU
Authors: Dulk George A. , Leblanc Yolande , Bougeret Jean‐Louis 
Published: December 2003

We explore the relationship among solar flares, type II‐associated shock waves in the corona and solar wind, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and shock waves observed at 1 AU. A clear example is that of 1997 Nov 4, where radio waves were observed continuously from 1800 MHz to 30 kHz. The CME was observed from 2.3 to 30 Ro. A shock was observed at 1 AU, followed by CME material. In addition a 2B, X 2.1 flare initiated a wave in the low corona, and streams of fast electrons produced intense type III bursts along their path, and Langmuir waves at 1 AU.The liftoff time of the CME coincided to within a few minutes with the time of the impulsive flare and the initiation of the type II shock wave. The speed of the CME in the plane of the sky was similar to the derived speed of the type II shock from 1.26 to 78 Ro and the average speed of the shock detected at 1 AU, 646 km/s. Therefore, the observations of this event demonstrate that type II shock waves, CMEs and flares can be closely interrelated, that coronal and interplanetary type II shock waves can be inseparable, and that the ensemble can commence at ≲ 1.3 Ro and continue outward to produce a shock and geophysically important effects at Earth.
Altitude dependence of the ice sheet surface climate
Authors: Krinner G. , Genthon C. 
Published: December 2003

The dependence of surface climate on elevation changes is evaluated for Greenland and Antarctica in an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) sensitivity study.The results indicate a rather low temperature sensitivity of ≈ −5 K km−1 near the coasts, which is weaker than the values often used in parameterizations in climate models. In the plateau areas, the sensitivity is stronger (−10 K km−1).Relative precipitation change is relatively strong (≈ −10%/100m) on the plateaus, while near the coasts, precipitation strengthens when the surface elevation is increased.
Fast and accurate depth and source mechanism estimation using P‐waveform modeling: A tool for special event analysis, event screening, and regional calibration
Authors: Goldstein Peter , Dodge Doug 
Published: December 2003

We have developed, validated, and applied a fast and accurate, interactive, easy to use tool for estimating seismic event depth and mechanism by modeling the initial P‐wave bundle. Significant features of this tool include its applicability over a broad band of frequencies (f≤2 Hz) and magnitudes (mb≥4.5), its ability to provide accurate high‐resolution depth estimates, and its ability to provide constraints on event mechanism including isotropic contributions. It also provides estimates of random and model errors and can be used to test hypotheses and investigate sensitivity to and trade‐offs between model parameters.We validated this tool and its algorithms by showing that our estimated depths and mechanisms are in excellent agreement with ground‐truth depths and mechanisms based on local and regional data. We find that depth can usually be estimated to an accuracy of a few km with a small number of stations. Although complete mechanisms are sometimes poorly resolved, we find that two out of three of the mechanism parameters (strike, dip, rake) are usually well constrained. We illustrate the potential of this technique for regional calibration, special event analysis, and event screening by comparing estimated depths and mechanisms of events in the Middle East and North Africa with those of the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) and by comparing our depth and mechanism estimates for the May 11, 1998 India nuclear explosion and a November 8, 1991 earthquake that occurred in the same region.
Regional patterns of Pleistocene ice‐rafted debris flux in the North Pacific
Authors: St. John Kristen E. K. , Krissek Lawrence A. 
Published: December 2003

IRD mass accumulation rate (MAR) records are presented for Deep Sea Drilling Project site 580 and Ocean Drilling Program sites 882 and 887 and are combined with results from previous IRD MAR studies to provide a synthesis of North Pacific Pleistocene ice rafting. Important regional differences in the ice rafting histories of the NW and NE Pacific are highlighted by this synthesis and include (1) significant variations in IRD fluxes across the North Pacific, which identify two major IRD sources, coastal Alaska and coastal Siberia/Kamchatka Peninsula, and (2) significant variations in the timing of IRD supply across the North Pacific, particularly in response to global‐scale climatic forcing. These regional differences indicate that local and regional controls on iceberg input, transport, and melting exert a major influence on ice rafting throughout the North Pacific. This suggests that a single generalized ice rafting record for the North Pacific does not adequately describe the complexity of this basin's Pleistocene history.Data used to calculate LSRs and IRD MARs for sites 380, 882, and 887 are available on diskette or via anonymous FTP from kosmos.agu.org, directory APEND (Usemame = anonymous, Password = guest). Diskette may be ordered from American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009 or by phone at 800‐966‐2481; $15.00. Payment must accompany order.
Groundwater: the processes and global significance of aquifer degradation
Authors: Foster S. S. D. , Chilton P. J. 
Published: December 2003

The exploitation of groundwater resources for human use dates from the earliest civilizations, but massive resource development has been largely restricted to the past 50 years. Although global in scope, the emphasis of this paper is on groundwater–based economies in a developing nation context, where accelerated resource development has brought major social and economic benefits over the past 20 years. This results from groundwater's significant role in urban water supply and in rural livelihoods, including irrigated agriculture. However, little of the economic benefit of resource development has been reinvested in groundwater management, and concerns about aquifer degradation and resource sustainability began to arise.
A general review, for a broad–based audience, is given of the mechanisms and significance of three semi–independent facets of aquifer degradation. These are (i) depletion of aquifer storage and its effects on groundwater availability, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; (ii) groundwater salinization arising from various different processes of induced hydraulic disturbance and soil fractionation; and (iii) vulnerability of aquifers to pollution from land–use and effluent discharge practices related to both urban development and agricultural intensification.
Globally, data with which to assess the status of aquifer degradation are of questionable reliability, inadequate coverage and poor compilation. Recourse has to be made to ‘type examples’ and assumptions about the extension of similar hydrogeological settings likely to be experiencing similar conditions of groundwater demand and subsurface contaminant load. It is concluded that (i) aquifer degradation is much more than a localized problem because the sustainability of the resource base for much of the rapid socio–economic development of the second half of the twentieth century is threatened on quite a widespread geographical basis; and (ii) major (and long overdue) investments in groundwater resource and quality protection are urgently needed. These investments include appropriate institutional provisions, demand–side management, supply–side enhancement and pollution control.
The sharing of water between society and ecosystems: from conflict to catchment–based co–management
Authors: Wallace J. S. , Acreman M. C. , Sullivan C. A. 
Published: December 2003

Human uses of freshwater resources are increasing rapidly as the world population rises. As this happens, less water is left to support aquatic and associated ecosystems. To minimize future human water shortages and undesirable environmental impacts, more equitable sharing of water resources between society and nature is required. This will require physical quantities and social values to be placed on both human and aquatic ecosystem requirements. Current water valuation systems are dominated by economic values and this paper illustrates new quantification and valuation methods that take more account of human well–being and environmental impacts.The key to the effective implementation of these more equitable water allocation methods is the use of catchment–based integrated water resources management. This holistic framework makes it possible for human and ecosystem water requirements and the interactions between them to be better understood. This knowledge provides the foundation for incorporating relevant social factors so that water policies and laws can be developed to make best use of limited water resources. Catchment–based co–management can therefore help to ensure more effective sharing of water between people and nature.
Development of elderly diabetes burden scale for elderly patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Araki Atsushi , Ito Hideki 
Published: December 2003

Background:  The purpose of the present paper was to validate an elderly diabetes burden scale (EDBS) and to assess its correlates in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus.Methods:  Comprehensive questionnaires about both diabetes‐specific and non‐specific quality of life (QOL) were given by an interviewer to 455 elderly diabetic patients aged > 65 years. To assess diabetes‐specific QOL, the EDBS was developed. The internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the EDBS were assessed. The validity of the EDBS was assessed with the correlation with the Philadelphia Geriatric Center morale scale, the mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) and diabetic complications, treatment of diabetes, hemoglobin (Hb) A1c, frequency of hypoglycemia, and socioeconomic factors.Results:  Factor analysis of the 23 items on EDBS produced six reliable components (Cronbach's α): symptom burden (0.55), dietary restrictions (0.89), social burden (0.89), worry about diabetes (0.85), treatment dissatisfaction (0.85), and burden by tablets or insulin (0.77). It was found that the EDBS and its six subscales had good test–retest reliability (r = 0.94–0.99). However, the EDBS correlated significantly with the morale scale but not with MMSE, suggesting convergent and discriminant validity. The high scores of some subscales and total EDBS were significantly associated with high HbA1c level, frequency of hypoglycemia, and insulin therapy, showing construct validity. Multivariate analyses revealed that hyperglycemia, frequency of hypoglycemia, insulin treatment, the presence of microangiopathy, and low positive social support were independently associated with increased elderly diabetes burden scores.Conclusion:  The EDBS is a simple but reliable and valid measure of diabetic‐specific QOL in elderly people with diabetes mellitus.
Hemodynamic changes in Alzheimer's and Binswanger's diseases as evaluated by second‐derivative finger photoplethysmography
Authors: Iwamoto Toshihiko , Kanetaka Hidekazu , Takasaki Masaru , Takazawa Kenji 
Published: December 2003

Background:  Hemodynamics is often the focus of dementia research, but methodological difficulties have precluded such research. To clarify the role of hemodynamic factors in the pathogenesis of dementing illness, the newly developed, second‐derivative finger photoplethysmography (SD‐PTG), which can provide hemodynamic indices, was studied in 173 patients with dementia.Methods:  The subject group consisted of 41 patients with Binswanger's disease (BD group), 31 patients with Alzheimer's disease with severe periventricular lucency (PVL; AD + PVL group), and 101 patients with Alzheimer's disease without PVL. The SD‐PTG findings as well as the clinical findings of each group were compared with those of 114 controls without dementia. The heights of the a‐, b‐, c‐, d‐, and e‐waves on SD‐PTG waveforms were measured, and b/a and d/a ratios were used as indices of distensibility of the aorta and peripheral vascular impedance in the systemic circulation, respectively.Results:  The b/a ratio was significantly higher in the BD and AD + PVL groups than in the AD − PVL group (P < 0.01). The d/a ratio was significantly lower in the BD group than in the AD + PVL, AD − PVL, and control groups (P < 0.01). The d/a ratio in the BD group correlated significantly with mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) score (r = 0.47, P = 0.0023).Conclusions:  The results indicate that decreased distensibility of the aortic wall is associated with the white matter lesions in both types of dementia, while the low d/a ratio and the correlation between the d/a ratio and the MMSE score in the BD group indicate that increased peripheral impedance was associated with more extensive involvement of the white matter and cognitive decline in Binswanger's disease.
Effect of death education on self‐determination in medical treatment in university students
Authors: Mogi Nanaka , Masuda Yuichiro , Hattori Ayako , Naito Michitaka , Iguchi Akihisa , Uemura Kazumasa 
Published: December 2003

Background:  Young people have little opportunity to acquire knowledge about or to determine in advance their medical preferences regarding their own end‐of‐life situation, including diagnosis disclosure and/or organ donation. Therefore a 90 min university‐level death education lecture was presented, which was designed to allow students to examine their attitudes regarding medical autonomy and to prepare themselves to make realistic decisions.Methods:  At the beginning of the semester a survey was conducted using the questionnaire method. Three months later the death education lecture was provided to students in the death education group and the usual lecture to students in the control group, after which the survey using the same questionnaire was readministered. The questionnaire consisted of Templer's death anxiety scale (DAS), five items regarding medical autonomy, background data, and voluntary comment.Results:  Regarding the DAS and the items on medical autonomy, no significant differences were detected between the pre‐test and post‐test results, nor between the death education group (n = 62) and the control group (n = 49). However, in the death education group there was a significant increase in the number writing about the deaths of significant others and in the number providing voluntary comments.Conclusion:  The death education lecture had the effect of deepening the students’ thoughts regarding their own death and/or their attitudes to medical autonomy.
Green tea for decubitus ulcer in bedridden patients
Authors: Fujii Masahiko , Ohrui Takashi , Sato Toshihiro , Sato Takuma , Sato Nobuko , Sasaki Hidetada 
Published: December 2003

Background:  Despite the many devices and care, decubitus ulcer is not well managed in elderly nursing home patients. Decubitus ulcers are often infected with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Green tea includes catechins, a type of polyphenol, and its antimicrobial and anti‐oxidant properties have been documented. Green tea might be effective for decubitus ulcer infected with MRSA.Methods:  Decubitus ulcer was treated using green tea in the elderly in a nursing home and its effectiveness was compared with conventional debridement with saline.Results:  Decubitus ulcer treated with green tea subsided significantly compared with decubitus ulcer treated with conventional saline. The MRSA disappeared in half of the patients in the treated group but did not change in the control group.Conclusion:  Green tea should be used for care of decubitus ulcer.