bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palatal implants for primary snoring: Short‐term results of a new minimally invasive surgical technique
Authors: Maurer Joachim T. , Verse Thomas , Stuck Boris A. , Hörmann Karl , Hein Gerhard 
Published: January 2005

OBJECTIVETo determine the safety and efficacy of a new soft palate implant procedure for the reduction of snoring.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGFifteen healthy patients with primary snoring due to palatal flutter were enrolled into this prospective study after clinical and endoscopic examination and polysomnography. The average age of the patients was 41.2 ± 8.6 years with a body mass index of 26.2 ± 2.5 kg/m2. The Anti‐Snoring Device consists of a delivery tool with a cylindrical implant of braided polyester filaments. Under local anesthesia, three implants intended for permanent implantation were placed into the soft palate. Snoring‐related symptoms were assessed by visual analogue scales (VAS), polysomnography, and the SNAP system at baseline and 90 days postoperatively.RESULTSAll implants were placed without complications. Only minor discomfort was reported in four cases within the first three days postprocedure. At the 90‐day follow‐up snoring was reduced from 7.3 ± 1.6 to 2.5 ± 2.1 (VAS, P < 0.01) and from 347 ± 239 to 264 ± 168 snoring sounds/hour (SNAP, P > 0.05). Polysomnography did not show any deterioration of sleep or breathing. Speech, swallowing, and taste were unchanged.CONCLUSIONThe Anti‐Snoring Device is a new surgical tool offering a simple and minimally invasive procedure. Our data demonstrate that the treatment is safe and effective with good patient acceptance. Further patient follow‐ups are needed to evaluate the long‐term results.
Analysis of voice function following autologous fat injection for vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Umeno Hirohito , Shirouzu Hidetaka , Chitose Shun‐Ichi , Nakashima Tadashi 
Published: January 2005

OBJECTIVEThis study demonstrates that intravocal fold injection of autologous fat obtained by liposuction technique is simple, and the functional results durable for patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis due to injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve.STUDY DESIGN41 patients with unilateral paralysis of the vocal fold due to injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve received intravocal fold injection of autologous fat. Autologous fat, harvested from the lower abdomen by liposuction technique, was filtered out and injected through a needle into the vocal fold by using endolaryngeal microsurgery. Clinical follow‐up after the injection was carried out from 1 month to 2 years.RESULTSVoice function dramatically improved compared with the parameters examined before the operation. Vocal function continued to improve as time passed during the second year after injection.CONCLUSIONSIntravocal fold injection of autologous fat obtained by liposuction technique is simple, and the functional results durable for patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis due to injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve.SIGNIFICANCEThe effectiveness continued for more than 2 years in most patients.
Revisiting the Myths: New Approaches to the Great War
Authors: NEIBERG MICHAEL S. 
Published: January 2005

Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau and Annette Becker, 14–18: Understanding the Great War (New York: Hill & Wang), 280 pp., $24.00, ISBN 0-8090-4643-1.Jeremy Black, ed., War in the Modern World since 1815 (London: Routledge, 2003), 268 pp., £18.99, ISBN 0-415-25140-0.Gail Braybon, ed., Evidence, History, and the Great War: Historians and the Impact of 1914–18 (Oxford: Berghahn, 2003), 304 pp., £50.00, ISBN 1-57181-726-7.Roger Chickering and Stig Förster, eds., The Shadows of Total War: Europe, East Asia, and the United States, 1919–1939 (Washington, DC, and Cambridge: German Historical Institute and Cambridge University Press, 2003), 364 pp., $60.00, ISBN 0-521-81236-4.Andrew Green, Writing the Great War: Sir James Edmonds and the Official Histories, 1915–48 (London: Frank Cass, 2003), 200 pp., £19.99, ISBN 0-7146-8430-9.John H. Morrow Jr, The Great War: An Imperial History (New York: Routledge, 2003), 352 pp., $27.50, ISBN 0-415-20439-9.Mario Morselli, Caporetto, 1917: Victory or Defeat? (London: Frank Cass, 2000), 176 pp., £65.00 (hb), ISBN 0-714-65073-0.Gary Sheffield, Forgotten Victory: The First World War, Myths and Realities (London: Headline, 2001), 318 pp., £7.99, ISBN 0-747-27157-7.The powers of Europe fought the Great War for more than four years, but it took France fifteen years to write its official history, Germany nineteen years, and the United Kingdom an astonishing twenty-six years. These works, moreover, encompass only land operations and fill twenty-three extraordinarily detailed volumes for France, an equal number for Great Britain, and fourteen volumes for Germany. The time and energy needed to compile the thousands of necessary documents, organise that data, and construct the interpretations reflect both the enormity of the war itself and the difficulty of finding meaning in an event that so deeply shook the continent.
Team Autonomy, Performance, and Member Job Strain: Uncovering the Teamwork KSA Link
Authors: Leach Desmond J. , Wall Toby D. , Rogelberg Steven G. , Jackson Paul R. 
Published: January 2005

En raison du développement des équipes de travail dans les organisations, on souhaite obtenir des informations sur la meilleure façon de structurer les groupes pour les rendre efficients. Cette étude porte sur la relation de l’expérience de l’autonomie et du travail en équipe, des capacités et des compétences (KSAs) avec la performance du groupe et l’effort émanant de ses membres. Deux modèles ont été mis à l’épreuve à partir d’une recherche théorique et empirique continue. Des données provenant d’un échantillon de 41 équipes de production (174 participants) apportèrent des éléments en faveur du modèle de médiation selon lequel l’autonomie est associée à la perfomance et à l’effort par l’intermédiaire des KSAs. Le modèle alternatif de modération qui suppose que l’autonomie et les KSAs interagissent pour déboucher sur la performance et l’effort ne fut pas corroboré.Given the increasing use of work teams in organizations, interest exists in identifying the best ways to design teams so that they lead to positive outcomes. This study examined how team autonomy and teamwork knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) relate to team performance and member job strain. Based on extant empirical and theoretical work, two models were tested. findings from a sample of 41 production teams (174 team members) showed support for the mediation model—that autonomy is associated with performance and strain through teamwork KSAs. The alternative moderation model, suggesting that autonomy and teamwork KSAs interact in predicting performance and strain, was not supported.
Linking Situational Constraints to Customer Satisfaction in a Service Environment
Authors: Martínez‐Tur Vicente , Peiró José M. , Ramos José 
Published: January 2005

Cet article examine les rapports entre la satisfaction de la clientèle et les contraintes relevant des situations techniques et sociales. A cette fin, une enquête de terrain fut réalisée auprès d’un échantillon de 57 managers et 835 clients d’organisations de service. On a recensé les contraintes sociales et techniques vécues par les managers. La satisfaction des clients a également été mesurée avec plusieurs aspects des services. En général, l’absence de situation contraignante dans les organisations de service était en relation positive avec la satisfaction de la clientèle. Les résultats montrent aussi que la seule contribution des contraintes techniques à la satisfaction des clients était supérieure à celle des contraintes sociales. Nous signalons des implications managériales et des orientations pour les futures recherches portant sur les relations entre les contraintes et la satisfaction des clients.This paper aims to test the links of social and technical situational constraints to customer satisfaction with services. To this end, a field survey study was conducted using a sample of 57 managers and 835 customers of service organisations. We studied social and technical constraints perceived by managers. Customer satisfaction with several service attributes was also measured. In general, a lack of situational constraints in service organisations was positively associated with customer satisfaction. The results also showed that the unique contribution of technical constraints to customer satisfaction was greater than that of social constraints. We point out managerial implications and future directions for research on constraints–customer satisfaction relationships.
Workaholism in the Netherlands: Measurement and Implications for Job Strain and Work–Nonwork Conflict
Authors: Taris Toon W. , Schaufeli Wilmar B. , Verhoeven Lotus C. 
Published: January 2005

Cette recherche traite de la mesure et des conséquences du travail comme conduite addictive aux Pays‐Bas. La première étude décrit le développement et la validation d’une version hollandaise de la Work Addiction Risk Scale (WART) de Robinson (1999). Une analyse factorielle portant sur les réponses de 356 sujets a montré que la structure factorielle de la WART hollandaise était analogue à celle de la version américaine. La deuxième étude (N= 232) avait pour objectif de décider si la sous‐échelle ≪tendances compulsives≫ (CT) de la WART pouvait être utilisée comme mesure abrégrée du travail addictif. Le recouvrement entre l’échelle complète de 25 items et la sous‐échelle CT était large et la répartition des corrélations avec les autres concepts très proche. La troisième étude (N= 199) mit à l’épreuve un modèle des effets du travail addictif (CT) sur l’épusiement et le conflit travail—hors‐travail, montrant que le travail addictif affectait ces deux variables dépendantes à la fois directement et indirectement (par l’intermédiaire des exigences perçues du travail). On conclut 1) que la version hollandaise de la WART est très proche de la version américaine d’origin; 2) que la WART et la sous‐échelle CT sont toutes deux des mesures valides du travail addictif; 3) que le travail addictif est un concept virtuellement majeur pour l’étude du travail et du stress.This research deals with the measurement and consequences of workaholism in the Netherlands. Study 1 describes the development and validation of a Dutch version of Robinson's (1999) Work Addiction Risk Scale (WART). Confirmatory factor analysis (total N= 356) revealed that the factorial structure of the Dutch WART was similar to that of the US original. Study 2 (N= 232) examined whether the Compulsive Tendencies (CT) subscale of the WART could be used as a short measure of workaholism. The overlap between the full 25‐item WART and the CT subscale was high, whereas the patterns of correlations with other concepts were very similar. Study 3 (N= 199) tested a process model for the effects of workaholism (i.e., CT) on exhaustion and work–nonwork conflict, showing that workaholism affected these two outcome variables both directly and indirectly (via perceived job demands). It is concluded that: (i) the Dutch version of the WART is very similar to the US original; (ii) the WART and the CT subscale are both valid measures of workaholism; and (iii) workaholism is a potentially important concept in the study of work and stress.
An Integrated Model for the Study of Teacher Motivation
Authors: Neves de Jesus Saul , Lens Willy 
Published: January 2005

Des recherches récentes ont montré que les enseignants souffraient plus que d’autres groupes professionnels d’un manque de motivation au travail. Une compréhension globale de la motivation des enseignants exige un modèle adéquat. L’objectif principal de cette recherche était de proposer et de mettre à l’épreuve un modèle de la motivation des enseignants qui intégre des concepts de plusieurs théories cognitivo‐motivationelles. Le modèle intégré s’appuie sur la schéma expectation‐valence et celui de l’incapacité acquise, mais surmonte quelques‐unes de leurs imperfections. L’échantillon était composé de 272 enseignants des écoles élémentaires et secondaires du Portugal. Ils ont répondu à une série d’inventaires destinés à mesurer leurs expectations de contrôle, de succès et d’efficacité, leurs attributions, leur motivation intrinsèque, la valence de leurs buts perçus et comment tout ceci interagit pout agir sur l’engagement professionnel (la variable exogène du modèle). Les analyses des coefficients de pistes et de la variance des variables endogènes valident le modèle intégré proposé ici et suggèrent des stratégies de formation pour accroître la motivation des enseignants.Recent studies show that teachers suffer more than other professional groups from the occupational lack of motivation. A global understanding of teacher motivation requires an adequate framework for its study. The main goal of the current research was to propose and test a model of teacher motivation that integrates constructs from several cognitive‐motivational theories. This integrative model starts from the perspectives of Expectancy‐Value and Learned Helplessness but overcomes some of the limitations of each. The participants were 272 elementary and secondary teachers in Portugal. They responded to a series of inventories designed to measure their expectancies of control, success and efficacy, attributions, intrinsic motivation and perceived goal value levels, and how these interact to influence professional engagement (the model's exogenous variable). Analyses of path coefficients and the variance of endogenous variables support the proposed integrated model and suggest strategies for teacher education that may increase teacher motivation.
The Game Academics Play: Editors versus Authors
Authors: Faria João Ricardo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis article studies a game between authors and editors. Editors play as leaders while authors are the followers. Authors maximize the number of publications seeking to increase the impact of their work in the literature, captured by citations. Editors maximize the quality of papers they publish in order to increase the reputation of their journals. The main results are: (i) rules aimed at increasing scholars productivity, such as requirements to obtain tenure, increase author's citations and journal's quality; (ii) editors willingness to build journal's reputation hurt journal's quality and increase author's publications; (iii) journal's reputation increases citations and journal's quality.
Testing Multiple Non‐Nested Factor Demand Systems
Authors: Manera Matteo , McAleer Michael 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis article explains how to obtain straightforward extensions of the most popular univariate non‐nested statistics, and of the RESET‐test, to a multivariate context and examines how to use these tests to compare alternative factor demand systems. The empirical application involves the classical Berndt–Khaled KLEM data set. A statistically adequate specification is determined for each competing factor demand system. The empirical results are interpreted for each system, the models are compared on the basis of multivariate paired and joint non‐nested procedures and practical indications about what to expect if these tests are applied to alternative factor demand specifications are provided.
Early TCR-β and TCR-γ PCR detection of T-cell clonality indicates minimal tumor disease in lymph nodes of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: diagnostic and prognostic implications
Authors: Assaf Chalid , Hummel Michael , Steinhoff Matthias , Geilen Christoph C. , Orawa Helmut , Stein Harald , Orfanos Constantin E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe lymph nodes are generally the first extracutaneous manifestation in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL); however, their early involvement is difficult to assess. The aim of our study was to define the diagnostic and prognostic value of T-cell clonality analysis for a more precise assessment of lymph node involvement in CTCL. T-cell clonality was determined by 2 independent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, namely a recently developed T-cell receptor-β (TCR-β) PCR technique as well as an established TCR-γ PCR. T-cell clonality was found in 22 of 22 lymph nodes with histologically detectable CTCL involvement as well as in 7 of 14 histologically noninvolved dermatopathic lymph nodes. The clonal T-cell populations in the lymph nodes were in all cases identical to those detected in the corresponding skin lesions, identifying them as the tumor cell population. T-cell clonality was not found in any of the 12 dermatopathic lymph nodes from 12 patients with inflammatory skin diseases. Clonal T-cell detection in 7 of 14 dermatopathic lymph nodes of patients with CTCL was associated with limited survival (74 months; confidence interval [CI], 66-82 months) as in patients with histologically confirmed lymph node involvement (41 months; CI, 35-47 months), whereas all patients without T-cell clonality in the lymph nodes (7 patients) were alive at the last follow-up. Thus, T-cell clonality analysis is an important adjunct in differentiating benign dermatopathic lymphadenitis from early CTCL involvement.
Psoriatic scales: a promising source for the isolation of human skin-derived antimicrobial proteins
Authors: Harder Jürgen , Schröder Jens-Michael 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPatients with psoriasis, a chronic, hyperproliferative and noninfectious skin disease, suffer surprisingly fewer cutaneous infections than would be expected. This observation led us to the hypothesis that a local “chemical shield” in the form of antimicrobial proteins provides psoriatic skin with resistance against infection. We subsequently began a systematic analysis of in vitro antimicrobially active proteins in psoriatic-scale extracts. A biochemical approach with rigorous purification and characterization combined with antimicrobial testing identified a number of mostly new human antibiotic peptides and proteins. In this review, we will focus on the most prominent antimicrobial proteins in psoriatic-scale extracts, which we identified as the S100-protein psoriasin, human β-defensin 2 (hBD-2), RNase 7, lysozyme, and human neutrophil defensin 1–3. Apart from these cutaneous, antimicrobial proteins, only a few others, including hBD-3, have been characterized. A great number of minor antimicrobial proteins await further structural characterization.
The unresponsiveness of aged mice to polysaccharide antigens is a result of a defect in macrophage function
Authors: Chelvarajan R Lakshman , Collins Sarah M , Van Willigen Juliana M , Bondada Subbarao 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA reduction in macrophage (MΦ) function with aging makes mice less responsive to bacterial capsular polysaccharides, such as those present in the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, a model of thymus independent (TI) antigen (Ag). Using trinitrophenol (TNP)-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNP-Ficoll, two other well-studied TI Ag, we studied the mechanistic basis of reduced MΦ function in the aged. We show that aged mice are profoundly hyporesponsive to these TI Ag. As a result of a requirement for MΦ, highly purified B cells from young-adult mice do not respond to TI Ag. When purified, young B cells were immunized with TNP-Ficoll, the antibody production from those cultures reconstituted with MΦ from aged mice was significantly lower than that seen with young MΦ. Consequently, this unresponsiveness can be overcome by a mixture of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Upon stimulation with LPS, in comparison with young MΦ, aged MΦ secreted reduced amounts of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1β, and IL-12, cytokines necessary for B cells to respond to TI Ag. LPS also induced aged MΦ to produce an excess of IL-10. Neutralization of IL-10 enhanced the production of proinflamatory cytokines by MΦ upon LPS stimulation and also induced Ab production by aged splenocytes. Thus, the inability of aged MΦ to help the B cell response appears to be caused by an excess of IL-10. As aged MΦ have a reduced number of cells expressing Toll-like receptor 4 and CD14, the imbalance in cytokine production might be partly a result of fewer cells expressing key components of the LPS receptor complex.
A novel role for neutrophils as a source of T cell-recruiting chemokines IP-10 and Mig during the DTH response to HSV-1 antigen
Authors: Molesworth-Kenyon S J , Oakes J E , Lausch R N 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAnalogous to CD4+ T cells, neutrophils are essential participants in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to Herpes simplex virus type 1 antigen. However, what role they play in this cellular immune response is unclear. The recent recognition that neutrophils are potent producers of chemokines led us to hypothesize that they may help recruit CD4+ effector T cells. In the present study, we show that neutrophil depletion was accompanied by a marked decrease in the numbers of CD4+ and CXC receptor 3+ (CXCR3+)-expressing cells migrating to the DTH site and a sharp drop in the levels of interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and monokine induced by IFN-γ (Mig). Purified mouse neutrophils were stimulated directly by IFN-γ to secrete these chemokines, and neutrophils at the DTH site expressed IP-10. IFN-γ knockout mice, which manifested depressed ear-swelling following DTH challenge, made little IP-10 and no Mig. Reconstitution of these mice with IFN-γ induced CXCR3 ligand synthesis. Depletion of neutrophils or CD4+ T cells but not CD8+ T cells markedly reduced IFN-γ levels, suggesting the former were direct (or indirect) cellular sources of this cytokine. Collectively, our results support the hypothesis that neutrophil production of T cell-recruiting chemokines contributes to the regulation and amplification of the DTH response.
Active participation of endothelial cells in inflammation
Authors: Cook-Mills Joan M , Deem Tracy L 
Published: January 2005

AbstractLeukocyte migration from the blood into tissues is vital for immune surveillance and inflammation. During this diapedesis of leukocytes, the leukocytes bind to endothelial cell adhesion molecules and then migrate across the vascular endothelium. Endothelial cell adhesion molecules and their counter-receptors on leukocytes generate intracellular signals. This review focuses on the active function of endothelial cells during leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions. We include a discussion of the “outside-in” signals in endothelial cells, which are stimulated by antibody cross-linking or leukocyte binding to platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Some of these signals in endothelial cells have been demonstrated to actively participate in leukocyte migration. We suggest that some of the adhesion molecule signals, which have not been assigned a function, are consistent with signals that stimulate retraction of lateral junctions, stimulate endothelial cell basal surface adhesion, or induce gene expression.