bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ignorance, Irrationality, Elections, and Sortition Part 2
Authors: Bouricius Terrill G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Part 1 of this article, which appeared in the first installment of the Common Knowledge symposium “Antipolitics,” presented reasons why elections are an inappropriate method for selecting representatives in a democracy. Part 2, published in the symposium's second installment, offers arguments for why sortition — the selection of shorter-duration representatives by lottery from the general population — is the best procedure for democracy. Random selection can assure broad diversity and descriptive representation, and it allows those people selected to overcome the rational ignorance that plagues elections. Concerns about the competence of ordinary people who are randomly selected are addressed. The issues of corruption and policy accountability are examined to show that elections cannot provide the genuine accountability ensured by random selection. Some specific design considerations for an optimal sortition-based democracy are also presented.
Διδασκαλία και κατανόηση του οικολογικού αποτυπώματος από μαθητές/ τριες Γυμνασίου
Authors: Μελέτη Θεοδώρα , Γαλάνης Νικόλαος , Αμπράζης Αλέξανδρος , Παπαδοπούλου Πηνελόπη , Πανάρας Γεώργιος , Μαλανδράκης Γεώργιος 
Published: December 2023

Σκοπός της εργασίας είναι η αξιολόγηση του μαθησιακού αντίκτυπου, δηλαδή της βελτίωσης στην κατανόηση της έννοιας του Οικολογικού Αποτυπώματος (ΟΑ) από μαθητές/τριες Γυμνασίου, μετά από σχετική διδασκαλία. Η διδακτική παρέμβαση (ΔΠ) είχε διάρκεια 8 διδακτικές ώρες και εφαρμόστηκε σε 39 μαθητές/τριες Γυμνασίου της Δυτικής Μακεδονίας. Εργαλείο αξιολόγησης της μάθησης και συλλογής των δεδομένων αποτέλεσε ένα ερωτηματολόγιο 24 ερωτήσεων, οργανωμένων σε έξι (6) άξονες, οι οποίοι αντιστοιχούσαν σε αυτούς του ΟΑ (διατροφή, υποδομές/κατοικίες, κατανάλωση ενέργειας, αγαθά και υπηρεσίες, απορρίμματα και μετακινήσεις), το οποίο επιδόθηκε στους μαθητές/τριες πριν και μετά τη ΔΠ. Τα αποτελέσματα κατέδειξαν ότι στους 4 από τους 6 άξονες, σημειώθηκε βελτίωση ως προς την κατανόηση της έννοιας του ΟΑ, με στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά να παρατηρείται όμως μόνο στον άξονα των απορριμμάτων
Γνώσεις, στάσεις και συμπεριφορές μαθητών/μαθητριών της ΣΤ’ τάξης Δημοτικών σχολείων σχετικά με τη βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη
Authors: Κούτρα-Ηλιοπούλου Μυρτώ , Γαλάνη Αποστολία , Σκορδούλης Κωνσταντίνος , Πλακίτση Αικατερίνη , Μαυρικάκη Ευαγγελία 
Published: December 2023

Η συγκεκριμένη εργασία αποτελεί πιλοτική έρευνα που στοχεύει να διερευνήσει γνώσεις, στάσεις και συμπεριφορές μαθητών/μαθητριών της ΣΤ’ τάξης δημοτικών σχολείων σχετικές με τη Βιώσιμη Ανάπτυξη και ειδικότερα υπό το πρίσμα της Συνείδησης για τη Βιωσιμότητα, βάσει του ορισμού της UNESCO σχετικά με τη Βιώσιμη Ανάπτυξη. Συλλέχθηκαν δεδομένα από 170 μαθητές και μαθήτριες σχολείων της Αττικής, ηλικίας 11-12 χρονών, στο τέλος της σχολικής χρονιάς ώστε όλοι οι συμμετέχοντες να έχουν διδαχθεί τις ίδιες έννοιες βάσει του Αναλυτικού Προγράμματος. Τα αποτελέσματα μας έδειξαν ότι οι μαθητές του δείγματος έχουν μέτρια προς υψηλή συνείδηση για τη βιωσιμότητα, ενώ γνώσεις, στάσεις και συμπεριφορές σχετικά με τη Βιώσιμη Ανάπτυξη δεν συσχετίζονται.
Ανάπτυξη – εφαρμογή – αξιολόγηση ψηφιακών σεναρίων για τη νανοτεχνολογία στην προσχολική εκπαίδευση
Authors: Μανωλούδη Μαρία , Λεύκος Ιωάννης 
Published: December 2023

Η μελέτη αυτή είχε ως στόχο την διερεύνηση της αλλαγής απόψεων και τον βαθμό κατανόησης παιδιών προσχολικής ηλικίας σε ζητήματα των εννοιών, φαινομένων, εργαλείων και εφαρμογών της νανοτεχνολογίας μέσω της συμμετοχής τους σε διδακτική παρέμβαση με χρήση ψηφιακών σεναρίων στην πλατφόρμα Go-Lab. Συνάμα θέλαμε να δούμε κατά πόσο η χρήση ψηφιακών σεναρίων είναι εφικτή και εύκολη στην εφαρμογή στη μαθησιακή διαδικασία στα πλαίσια του νηπιαγωγείου και πως ανταποκρίνονται οι μαθητές στην διερευνητική μεθοδολογία. Για την επίτευξη των στόχων αυτών σχεδιάστηκε και υλοποιήθηκε μια διδακτική παρέμβαση αναφορικά με το φαινόμενο της προσκολλητικής ικανότητας της σαύρας Gecko και τις 3 Μεγάλες Ιδέες της νανοτεχνολογίας. Χρησιμοποιώντας μια ποικιλία μεθόδων ποιοτικής έρευνας, συλλέξαμε δεδομένα από συνεντεύξεις και ιχνογραφήματα μαθητών. Τα ευρήματά μας υποστηρίζουν τον ισχυρισμό ότι οι μαθητές βελτίωσαν την κατανόησή τους, ενώ ανέδειξαν και ορισμένες προσεγγίσεις ως πιο κατάλληλες για μαθητές αυτής της ηλικίας, αλλά και κάποιες δυσκολίες που προέκυψαν κατά την διαδικασία υλοποίησης.
Μαθαίνοντας και διδάσκοντας για την κλιματική αλλαγή – EDU4Clima
Authors: Δερμιτζάκη Ειρήνη , Καλυβίτης Νικόλαος , Γκινούδη Αθηνά , Κανακίδου Μαρία 
Published: December 2023

Το έργο «Μαθαίνοντας και Διδάσκοντας για την Κλιματική Αλλαγή», με το ακρωνύμιο EDU4Clima (https://edu4clima.gr), έχει ως αντικείμενο να προάγει τη διδασκαλία της κλιματικής αλλαγής στη Δευτεροβάθμια Εκπαίδευση. Επιχειρεί να ενσωματώσει στην εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία, την επιστημονική γνώση που παράγεται από το Πανεπιστήμιο Κρήτης και τον ερευνητικό σταθμό μετρήσεων ατμοσφαιρικών παραμέτρων του Πανεπιστημίου Κρήτης στο Φινοκαλιά, Λασιθίου. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, εγκαθιδρύθηκε Κόμβος Έρευνας, Καινοτομίας και Διάχυσης της επιστημονικής γνώσης στο Νοφαλιά Λασιθίου, πλησίον του ερευνητικού σταθμού, σχεδιάστηκε έντυπο και ψηφιακό εκπαιδευτικό υλικό, πραγματοποιήθηκαν επιμορφώσεις εκπαιδευτικών, διαμορφώθηκε και υλοποιήθηκε εκπαιδευτικό πρόγραμμα για μαθητές μέσω σύγχρονων εκπαιδευτικών πρακτικών. Κύριο στόχο του έργου αποτελεί η απόκτηση νέων γνώσεων και δεξιοτήτων από εκπαιδευτικούς και μαθητές, ώστε να μπορούν να προσεγγίσουν κριτικά την κλιματική αλλαγή, να αναστοχάζονται πάνω στα περιβαλλοντικά θέματα που προκύπτουν αλλά και να αναπτύσσουν στάσεις για τον μετριασμό της και την προσαρμογή σε αυτήν.
Το νέο πρόγραμμα σπουδών Φυσικής Λυκείου
Authors: Τόμπρας Γεώργιος , Κατέρης Αλέξανδρος , Πολυζώης Γεώργιος , Καλκάνης Γεώργιος 
Published: December 2023

Το 2023 ολοκληρώθηκε η σύνταξη του νέου Προγράμματος Σπουδών για τα Φυσική Λυκείου ενσωματώνοντας παρατηρήσεις/βελτιώσεις που προέκυψαν από την πιλοτική του εφαρμογή σε Πρότυπα και Πειραματικά σχολεία. Το Πρόγραμμα Σπουδών (ΠΣ) Φυσικής Λυκείου σε συνέργεια με αυτά της Φυσικής Γυμνασίου και των «Φυσικών» του Δημοτικού σχολείου (τάξεις Ε και ΣΤ), αναφέρονται στα ίδια θεματικά πεδία, που διατρέχουν όλες τις βαθμίδες, εμπλουτιζόμενες και λαμβάνοντας υπόψη, τα νεότερα πορίσματα της επιστήμης και της εκπαίδευσης με τεκμηρίωση που εδράζεται στην διεθνή βιβλιογραφία. Βασική μέθοδος στην διδακτική πλαισίωση, είναι η επιστημονική-εκπαιδευτική μέθοδος με διερεύνηση, κεντρικό ρόλο στην οποία αποτελεί ο αποδεικτικός πειραματισμός που οδηγεί τους μαθητές στην εκπόνηση εργαστηριακής αναφοράς για την οποία αξιολογούνται. Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο το ΠΣ εστιάζει στις επιστημονικές πρακτικές και τις ενσωματώνει στην διδακτική πλαισίωση και στον σχεδιασμό μάθησης. Οι επιστημονικές πρακτικές απαιτούν ταυτόχρονα συντονισμό γνώσης και δεξιοτήτων και η εμπλοκή των μαθητών στις πρακτικές των επιστημόνων τους προσφέρει μια καλύτερη κατανόηση του τι είναι επιστημονική γνώση και πώς αυτή παράγεται και τροποποιείται. Στο ΠΣ Φυσικής Λυκείου οι διδακτικοί μετασχηματισμοί του επιστημονικού περιεχομένου για κάθε τάξη λαμβάνουν υπόψη τις γνωστικές και γνωσιακές (ή ηλικιακές) ικανότητες, στάσεις και δεξιότητες των μαθητών/τριών, τις πολιτισμικές τους καταβολές ή / και την υλικοτεχνική υποστήριξη της εκπαιδευτικής διαδικασίας και εκλαμβάνονται ως τελικό μορφωτικό αγαθό των μαθητών/τριών / μελλοντικών πολιτών.
Integrating Numismatic Evidence into the Study of the Urban Landscape of Paphos. From Palaepaphos to Nea Paphos with the Last King
Authors: Iacovou Maria , Markou Evangeline 
Published: December 2023

The discovery of a bronze coin, in the context of controlled excavations conducted by the Palaepaphos Urban Landscape Project (PULP) on the plateau of Palaepaphos-Hadjiabdoullah since 2009, presented the opportunity for a challenging collaborative dialogue on the integration of numismatic discoveries, as well as relevant inscriptions and literary sources, with the current results of the landscape analysis and the excavations that have contributed to the identification of the plateau as the citadel of the polis of Paphos in the Cypro-Classical period.
The identification of the coin as a bronze issue of either Timarchos (350? – 325? BC) or his son and last king of Paphos Nikokles (325? – 310/9 BC) leads first to an updated assessment of the state of research regarding the bronze coinage of the Paphian mint under its last fourth-century kings. The coin is then contextualised in the micro-environment of the recently located secular monument, a workshop complex, where it was found. A preliminary study of the ceramic material suggests that the workshop functioned contemporaneously with the palace, an architecturally impressive monument with which it shares the north side of the citadel.
The precarious state of the fourth-century phase of the palatial building, which suggests that it could have lost its official status before the abolition of the Paphian dynasty (an event historically dated to 310/9 BC), turns the discussion towards Nea Paphos, where five coins of the same type were also discovered during controlled excavations. It is hereby suggested that by exploiting the results of the landscape analysis conducted by PULP, in combination with the still limited archaeological evidence, the establishment of Nea Paphos can be approached from the perspective of its predecessor, the old capital of Paphos. The possibility that a fourth-century monetized society was already residing in Nea Paphos reopens the long-debated issue of its foundation
Sparsity-Exploiting Distributed Projections onto a Simplex
Authors: Dai Yongzheng , Chen Chen 
Published: December 2023

Projecting a vector onto a simplex is a well-studied problem that arises in a wide range of optimization problems. Numerous algorithms have been proposed for determining the projection; however, the primary focus of the literature is on serial algorithms. We present a parallel method that decomposes the input vector and distributes it across multiple processors for local projection. Our method is especially effective when the resulting projection is highly sparse, which is the case, for instance, in large-scale problems with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) entries. Moreover, the method can be adapted to parallelize a broad range of serial algorithms from the literature. We fill in theoretical gaps in serial algorithm analysis and develop similar results for our parallel analogues. Numerical experiments conducted on a wide range of large-scale instances, both real world and simulated, demonstrate the practical effectiveness of the method. History: Accepted by Antonio Frangioni, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Continuous. Funding: This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-23-1-2632]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0328 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0328 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Impact of the Great Recession on Adults With Autism and Their Mothers
Authors: Hickey Emily J. , DaWalt Leann Smith , Bolt Daniel , Hong Jinkuk , Song Jieun , Lounds Taylor Julie , Mailick Marsha R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Autistic individuals and their families are at risk for poor outcomes in employment and mental health and may be vulnerable to long-term effects of broader societal conditions. The aim of the current longitudinal study was to understand the impact of the Great Recession of 2007–2009 on autistic individuals and their mothers (N = 392). Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) results indicated that problem behavior of autistic adults increased in the years following the recession. The rate at which autistic individuals moved away and lived separately from their mothers also slowed during the recession. Mothers experienced significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms postrecession, compared to prerecession. In many other respects, the autistic individuals and their mothers did not experience negative outcomes, suggesting resilience and a strong safety net. These included the physical health and vocational/employment status of the autistic adults and their mothers. Results point to specific areas of vulnerability of autistic individuals and their mothers during the economic downturn, as well as a broad pattern of resilience in these families.
Sibling Relationship and Behavioral Adjustment in Families of Disabled Children: Cross-Lagged Associations
Authors: Williams Caitlin A. , Thompson Paul A. , Hayden Nikita K. , Hastings Richard P. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cross-lagged panel designs were used to examine longitudinal and potential (bi)directional relationships between primary caregiver reported sibling relationship quality and the behaviors of children with intellectual disability (n = 297) and their closest in age siblings. The behavioral and emotional problems of the child with intellectual disability positively predicted sibling conflict over time. When accounting for control variables, this relationship was no longer present. Sibling warmth positively predicted the prosocial behaviors of the child with intellectual disability over time. When accounting for control variables, both sibling warmth and sibling conflict positively predicted the prosocial behaviors of the child with intellectual disability over time. Future research directions and clinical implications are discussed.
Proposal for a physiotherapy assessment form for the evaluation of women patients with uro-gynecological disorders: A Delphi study
Authors: González-Castro Ana , Leirós-Rodríguez Raquel , Rodríguez-Nogueira Óscar , Álvarez-Álvarez Mª José , Pinto-Carral Arrate , Andrade-Gómez Elena 
Published: December 2023

Background
The correct selection of treatment techniques and methods in physiotherapy depends directly on a well-structured anamnesis, examination and assessment. Within urogynecological and obstetric physiotherapy there is no standardized and protocolized assessment that allows to follow established steps. For all this, the main objective of this study was to identify the assessment items that should be included in the a physiotherapeutic uro-gynecological assessment.

Methods
Delphi study through a group of experts. Prior to this, a systematic search was carried out, accompanied by a review of grey literature, to obtain the possible items to be included in the forms. Subsequently, a Delphi study with two consecutive rounds of questionnaires was developed. A total of 6 expert physiotherapists participated in the study.

Results
The initial questionnaire had 97 items and after two rounds one item was eliminated to obtain a total of 96 items in the final questionnaire.

Conclusions
The experts agreed on most of the choices and finally obtained a standardized and protocolized assessment in uro-gynecological physiotherapy. Furthermore, this proposal should be considered by other professionals involved in the process of evaluation and treatment of pelvi-perineal alterations.
Effects of music therapy on degree of cooperation with anesthesia induction and preoperative anxiety in children with simple congenital heart disease: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Haoyu , Song Xiaojin , Xiong Lu , Zhang Liyun , Luo Bingquan , Liu Siling 
Published: December 2023

Background
Anxiety is a common preoperative symptom in children with simple congenital heart disease (SCHD). Music therapy shows potential as a non-drug intervention. However, it is unclear how it impacts the level of cooperation during the induction of anesthesia and preoperative anxiety, as well as the factors that influence its effectiveness. Therefore, we will conduct a comprehensive review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of music therapy on the level of cooperation during anesthesia induction and preoperative anxiety in children with SCHD.

Methods
Electronic searches will be conducted through various databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, and CNKI to gather randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the impact of music therapy on the level of cooperation during anesthesia induction and preoperative anxiety among children with SCHD. Two evaluators will independently review the literature, extract information, and assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Afterwards, data analysis will be conducted using Stata 14.0 software and Revman 5.4 software. The results will be based on random-effects models. The reliability and quality of evidence will be evaluated by using the Grading of Recommendations, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Heterogeneity will be examined by subgroup analysis stratified by age, gender ratio, type of surgery, drop-out rate, measurement tools, and country of origin. We will assess potential publication bias using funnel plot symmetrical and Begg’s ang Egger’s regression tests.

Discussion
Given the multiple advantages that may be associated with music therapy, this therapy may be a desirable alternative to existing therapies for preoperative cooperation and anxiety issues in children with SCHD. We hope that this systematic review will guide clinical decision-making for future efforts related to coping with preoperative fit and anxiety in children with SCHD.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023445313. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023445313.
A língua portuguesa em São Tomé e Príncipe
Authors: Santiago Ana Maria , Balduino Amanda 
Published: December 2023

Este artigo aborda o pluricentrismo da língua portuguesa, focando na presença do idioma em São Tomé e Príncipe (STP). A norma linguística do português dotada de prestígio em STP, reforçada pelo governo e ensino, é a do Português de Portugal, ainda que o português de STP (PSTP) tenha características únicas, surgidas, sobretudo, da vivência com as línguas crioulas e da transmissão irregular do idioma. Ao analisar alguns dados históricos, documentos oficiais e práticas de ensino relevantes, entende-se que o projeto colonial de supressão das identidades linguísticas firmado em STP não só foi central na construção da realidade linguística do arquipélago, mas também persiste no apagamento da diversidade linguística local e na desvalorização atribuída às variedades de língua portuguesa de STP, vistas negativamente pelos próprios falantes. Essas normas consideradas desviantes, que reafirmam o pluricentrismo do português, são ignoradas na legislação educativa e nos manuais empregados, conquanto estudantes e professores apresentem dificuldades com a norma alvo. Ademais, a demanda por ajuda externa de STP, especificamente na produção de material didático e formação docente, contribui para um cenário de monocentrismo e de práticas monocêntricas e mutiladoras.
ANÁLISE DOS PSICOTRÓPICOS NAS RELAÇÕES DE MEDICAMENTOS ESSENCIAIS DAS CAPITAIS BRASILEIRAS E DO DISTRITO FEDERAL
Authors: Barbosa Bruna Alves dos Santos , Costa Pâmella Araújo da , Silva Emília Vitória da , Galato Dayani , Oliveira Rinaldo Eduardo Machado de 
Published: December 2023

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os psicotrópicos nas relações de medicamentos essenciais das capitais brasileiras e do Distrito Federal. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com coleta de dados realizada no período de setembro a novembro de 2022 por meio de páginas eletrônicas oficiais das secretarias de saúde, e-mails direcionados às ouvidorias ou aplicativos de mensagens. Obtiveram-se 26 relações de medicamentos essenciais e 1 lista de aquisição de medicamentos, publicadas entre os anos 2013 e 2022. A frequência de psicotrópicos variou de 3 a 14, sendo que a maior média foi observada nas capitais da Região Sudeste (11) e a menor na Região Sul (5). Não houve diferença entre as médias do número de psicotrópicos nas capitais comparadas por Regiões brasileiras (p>0,05). Os benzodiazepínicos observados em maior frequência foram: clonazepam (90%), midazolam (85,7%), nitrazepam (19%) e bromazepam (14,3%). Notou-se elevada diversidade no elenco dos psicotrópicos disponibilizados à população. Neste sentido, sugere-se que as Comissões de Farmácia e Terapêutica locais tenham um olhar sobre esta lista e que sejam propostos protocolos e diretrizes a fim de garantir o uso racional dos psicotrópicos.
Protocolos de Consulta e Consentimento
Authors: Anaya Felisa Cançado , Santos Sônia Maria Simões Barbosa Magalhães , Paula Andréa Maria Narciso Rocha de , Gomes Fernando Soares , Souza Ravena Gomes Teixeira de , Ribeiro Luciana Maria Monteiro , Araújo Raine Gonçalves de 
Published: December 2023

O objetivo desse relato de experiência foi promover diálogo intercultural sobre Protocolos de Consulta e Consentimento Livre, Prévio e Informado (PCCLPI), através da realização de evento acadêmico com trabalho de campo, junto às comunidades tradicionais vazanteiras e quilombolas da Lapinha, Praia, Pau Preto e Pau de Légua, região do Médio São Francisco, municípios de Manga e Matias Cardoso em Minas Gerais. O evento foi realizado em duas partes: Oficina e seminário na Unimontes – Montes Claros-MG e trabalho de campo nas comunidades tradicionais. A discussão visou apresentar os protocolos enquanto mais um instrumento utilizado para proteção territorial e manutenção dos modos de vida dessas comunidades, que vivenciam conflitos ambientais territoriais de longa duração. O trabalho de campo foi realizado através de técnicas etnográficas de entrevistas em profundidade, rodas de conversa, construção de linha do tempo, registro em áudio e vídeo das lideranças sobre a memória coletiva do grupo e analise da atual situação social dos grupos. As discussões foram realizadas através de diálogo intercultural entre os pesquisadores e os comunitários. A análise teve como foco as "situações sociais"(VAN VELSEN 2010), deste evento, considerando a processualidade histórica dos conflitos vivenciados pelos grupos e as discussões sobre a construção de PCCLPI. Essa experiência de pesquisa-ensino-extensão culminou com a Carta de Montes Claros: Protocolos de Consulta, operacionalizando o início do processo de elaboração dos PCCLPI das comunidades tradicionais citadas.
BOOTSTRAPPING ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN MEDAN CITY
Authors: Sazali Hasan , Matondang Abdul Rahman 
Published: December 2023

This study aims to analyze the influence of religiosity, religious tolerance, and communication that directly and indirectly affects Religious Moderation in Medan City. This study uses a quantitative method with bootstrapping analysis using the Smart PLS3.01 application. Respondents in this study were Muslims in Medan City aged 17-45 years who were drawn based on the Slovin formula with a significance degree of 0.10. The sample of this study amounted to 100 people determined by proportional random sampling, which was drawn evenly based on the population of Medan City per sub-district. The results of this study show that religiosity and religious tolerance directly affect religious moderation in Medan City. The communication variable as an intervening variable failed to indirectly influence religiosity and religious tolerance on religious moderation in Medan City. The recommendations are: Religious moderation needs to be a solution amid the problems of intolerance and disintegration in Medan by promoting effective communication. Values in religious moderation are still too general and abstract to be applied in various regions with different cultural conditions and styles. For that, we need a local formulation to implement how religious moderation works, Further research is needed on aspects of local culture to strengthen moderation in Medan City.