bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformance Tests for Real-Time Systems with Timed Automata Specifications
Authors: Cardell-Oliver Rachel 
Published: October 2002

Abstract.
A method is introduced for testing the conformance of implemented real-time systems to timed automata specifications. Uppaal timed automata are transformed into testable timed transition systems (TTTSs) using a test view. Fault hypotheses and a test generation algorithm for TTTSs are defined. Results of applying the method are presented.
Early and late results of the acid suppression and duodenal diversion operation in patients with Barrett’s esophagus: Analysis of 210 cases
Authors: Csendes Attila , Burdiles Patricio , Braghetto Italo , Korn Owen , Díaz Juan Carlos , Rojas Jorge 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe usual surgical treatment for patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a classic Nissen fundoplication or posterior gastropexy with cardial calibration. However, some surgical reports as well as our experience suggest that the rate of failure of the Nissen fundoplication or Hill’s posterior gastropexy in patients with BE is significantly higher than in those with reflux esophagitis without BE, probably due in part to the persistence of duodenal reflux into the esophagus. Our aim was to determine the late subjective and objective results of an operation consisting in “acid suppression” (vagotomy‐partial gastrectomy) and “duodenal diversion” (Roux‐en‐Y anastomosis) as a primary surgical procedure for patients with BE. Altogether, 210 patients were subjected to this technique. It consisted in a primary operation in 142 patients and revision surgery in 68. They underwent complete clinical, radiologic, endoscopic, histologic, and manometric studies. In some cases 24‐hour pH studies, Bilitec studies, gastric emptying, and gastric acid secretion evaluations were performed. There were two deaths (0.95%), and postoperative morbidity was low (5.3%). The late mean follow‐up (58 months) for 146 patients who completed a follow‐up longer than 24 months showed Visick I and II grades in 91.1% of the cases. In 14.9% of the cases 24‐hour pH monitoring showed excessive acid reflux 1 year after surgery. No dysplasia or adenocarcinoma has appeared up to now. Functional studies showed significant alleviation of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) incompetence, with abolition of duodenal reflux into the esophagus. Gastric emptying of solids was normal, and basal and peak gastric acid output remained at a low level 8 to 10 years after surgery. In patients with BE, with severe damage of the LES and esophageal peristalsis, the “suppression diversion” operation completely abolishes the reflux of injurious components of the refluxate and improves sphincter competence. This effect is permanent and avoids the appearance of dysplasia or adenocarcinoma.
History of treatment of groin hernia
Authors: Lau W. Y. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe history of open surgery for groin hernia has gone through many stages of development, including the ancient era (ancient times to the fifteenth century), the era of the start of herniology (fifteenth to seventeenth centuries), the anatomic era (seventeenth to nineteenth centuries), the era of repair under tension (nineteenth to mid‐twentieth century), and the era of tensionless repair (mid‐twentieth century to the present). Five principles of modern hernia repair developed through these periods of development: antiseptic/aseptic hernia operation, high ligation of the sac, tightening of the internal ring, reconstruction of the posterior inguinal floor, and tensionless repair. Interestingly, many of the initial attempts at laparoscopic hernia repair did not adhere to the recognized principles of hernia surgery learned from open surgery. It is only when the transabdominal preperitoneal mesh repair and the totally extraperitoneal approach, which adhere to the basic principles, are considered that the results of laparoscopic hernia repair procedures can improve and the recurrence of hernia decrease.
Very long‐term recall and recognition of well‐learned material
Authors: Noice Tony , Noice Helga 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThree experiments examined very long‐term verbatim memory (from 4 months to 28 years) for lengthy, complex material. Experiments 1 and 2 found that recall (12 and 20 months after the material was last accessed) was at or near ceiling for many participants, and was significantly higher than free‐choice recognition, with recognition failure for recallable words (RF) being observed. The magnitude of the effect corresponded to that predicted by the Tulving–Wiseman (1975) function. Experiment 3 found that recall was at or near ceiling for 3 years, then declined dramatically as the retention interval increased. However, given equal amounts of context as retrieval cues, forced‐choice recognition remained relatively strong for as long as 28 years. These findings provide evidence of long‐term memory for exact details of complex discourse far in excess of previous demonstrations, and, under certain circumstances, extend the RF phenomenon to lengthy, well‐learned texts over long retention intervals. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Memory for previous recall: a comparison of free and cued recall
Authors: Padilla‐Walker Laura Maria , Poole Debra Ann 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCase studies of individuals who claimed to have recovered previously repressed memories of abuse during situations that involved memory cueing revealed that some individuals had discussed abuse with others during an earlier time period. Termed the ‘forgot‐it‐all‐along’ effect, this phenomenon has legal implications for statutes of limitations. Two experiments provide evidence for differences between free recall and more directed (recognition or cued recall) test conditions in the accuracy of memories for previous recall. Participants more often erred by claiming they had not previously remembered recognized (Experiment 1) or cued (Experiment 2) sentences than freely recalled sentences, and this difference was obtained even when the number of remembered sentences was equivalent across conditions (Experiment 2). These studies document that memory for previous recollection is less accurate for cued memories even when remembered events do not produce feelings of shock or surprise. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple sclerosis associated with interferon‐alpha therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Kataoka Itaru , Shinagawa Katsuji , Shiro Yoshihiko , Okamoto Shinichiro , Watanabe Reiko , Mori Takehiko , Ito Daisuke , Harada Mine 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report a chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patient in chronic phase (CP) who developed multiple sclerosis (MS) in association with interferon‐alpha (IFN‐α) administration. In our patient, recombinant IFN‐α2b therapy induced hematologically complete and cytogenetically major partial response for CML first, and sequential central nervous system dysfunction evolved, which subsided shortly after the cessation of its administration. Restarting IFN‐α therapy by changing to a natural type of IFN‐α resulted in rapid exacerbation of MS. The patient's neurological symptoms progressed gradually, but partial hematologic response persisted without any IFN‐α derivatives or anti‐cancer agents until a matched unrelated donor transplant procedure was performed. Myeloablative therapy led to lasting stable state of MS and finally to complete cytogenetic remission of CML. This patient's presenting clinical course and laboratory data suggest that both exertion of anti‐leukemic activity and autoimmune process of MS might be mediated by mutual mechanisms, such as enhancement of specific cellular immunity induced by IFN‐α. Am. J. Hematol. 70:149–153, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine as premedication for platelet transfusions: A prospective randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Wang Stephen E , Lara Primo N. , Lee‐Ow Angie , Reed Jeanne , Wang Lori R. , Palmer Patti , Tuscano Joseph M. , Richman Carol M. , Beckett Laurel , Wun Ted 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNon‐hemolytic transfusion reactions (NHTR) occur in up to 30% of patients receiving platelet transfusions. Premedication with acetaminophen and diphenhydramine is a common strategy to prevent NHTR, but its efficacy has not been studied. In this prospective trial, transfusions in patients receiving pre‐storage leukocyte‐reduced single‐donor apheresis platelets (SDP) were randomized to premedication with either acetaminophen 650 mg PO and diphenhydramine 25 mg IV, or placebo. Fifty‐one patients received 98 transfusions. Thirteen patients had 15 NHTR: 15.4% (8/52) in the treatment arm and 15.2% (7/46) in the placebo arm. Premedication prior to transfusion of pre‐storage leukocyte reduced SDP does not significantly lower the incidence of NHTR as compared to placebo. Am. J. Hematol. 70:191–194, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute rhabdomyolysis as a complication of cytarabine chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Truica Cristina I. , Frankel Stanley R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRhabdomyolysis is an unusual complication of chemotherapy that can lead to substantial morbidity through such complications as renal failure, infections, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The syndrome has been described after treatment with cyclophosphamide, 5‐azacytidine, interleukin‐2, and interferon and after bone marrow transplantation. We report a patient with acute myeloid leukemia who developed fulminant rhabdomyolysis after treatment with a cytarabine‐containing regimen. The syndrome was complicated by acute renal failure requiring hemodyalisis, respiratory insufficiency, and pancreatitis. We suggest that the muscle damage might be related to the known ability of cytarabine to trigger the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria, which could lead to uncoupling of the oxidative phosphorylation with subsequent depletion of ATP reserves at the skeletal muscle and rhabdomyolysis. Am. J. Hematol. 70:320–323, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occupation, exposure to chemicals and risk of gliomas and meningiomas in Sweden
Authors: Navas‐Acién Ana , Pollán Marina , Gustavsson Per , Plato Nils 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundOccupational exposures may be related to the development of brain cancer. The objective was to estimate occupational‐specific risk of gliomas and meningiomas among Swedish men and women gainfully employed in 1970 over the period 1971–1989, and the influence of occupational exposure to chemical substances.MethodsA dataset linking cancer diagnoses from the Swedish national cancer register to occupational and demographical data obtained in the 1970 census was used to fit log‐linear Poisson models, in order to obtain relative risks adjusted by age, period, geographical area and town size. Exposure to 13 chemicals was assessed using a Swedish job‐exposure matrix.ResultsThe main findings of this study among men were the increased risk of glioma with occupational exposure to arsenic, mercury, and petroleum products and of meningioma with lead. Women in occupational sectors with a higher socio‐economic status showed an increased incidence of both, gliomas and meningiomas.ConclusionsOccupational exposure to some chemicals appeared to be related with an increased risk of glioma and meningioma in men. Exposures involved in glioma and meningioma development seemed to be different. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:214–227, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Humoral beta‐cell autoimmunity in relation to HLA‐defined disease susceptibility in preclinical and clinical type 1 diabetes
Authors: Knip Mikael , Kukko Marika , Kulmala Petri , Veijola Riitta , Simell Olli , Åkerblom Hans K. , Ilonen Jorma 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe have studied the relationship between diabetes‐associated autoantibodies and various HLA genotypes and alleles in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, in non‐diabetic siblings and in children representing the general population to test the hypothesis that specific HLA genes regulate the humoral immune response to various autoantigens. Among the newly diagnosed patients we observed that those carrying the DR4‐DQB1*0302 haplotype had increased levels of insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and IA‐2 antibodies (IA‐2A), but low levels of GAD antibodies (GADA). In contrast, those with the DR3‐DQB1*02 haplotype had increased GADA titers but low IAA and IA‐2 levels. DQB1*02‐homozygous patients had a conspicuously low frequency and low levels of IA‐2A. Among the siblings there was an apparent association between genetic risk and the prevalence of islet cell antibodies (ICA), IAA, GADA, IA‐2A and multiple autoantibodies, the latter being detectable at a frequency of 24.1% in high risk siblings and at a frequency of only 0.9% in those with genotypes conferring disease protection. Among 7–16‐year‐old Finnish schoolchildren there was an association between GADA and the DQB1*02/*0302 genotype and the DQB1*0302 allele. Among young children identified from the general population based on high (DQB1*02/0302 heterozygosity) or moderate (DQB1*0302/x; x ≠ *02, *0301, *0602, *0603) genetic risk for type 1 diabetes the high risk children seroconverted more often to positivity for ICA, GADA and IA‐2A over their first 2 years of life. Among older sibs of these children we observed an obvious relationship between the degree of genetic risk and the frequency of ICA, IAA, GADA, IA‐2A, and multiple antibodies. Taken together these observations suggest that HLA genes have a strong impact on the appearance of diabetes‐associated autoantibodies both in first‐degree relatives of affected children and in the general population. In patients with newly diagnosed disease IA‐2A may be a more specific marker of beta‐cell damage, whereas GADA might reflect a propensity to autoimmunity in general. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heritability and number of quantitative trait loci of neurocognitive functions in families with schizophrenia
Authors: Tuulio‐Henriksson Annamari , Haukka Jari , Partonen Timo , Varilo Teppo , Paunio Tiina , Ekelund Jesper , Cannon Tyrone D. , Meyer Joanne M. , Lönnqvist Jouko 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDespite evidence for several chromosomal loci linked to schizophrenia, no susceptibility genes have been identified for the disorder. Using quantitative measures of phenotypic affection in place of clinical diagnostic categories or dichotomous classification of the affection status may be more effective in searching for susceptibility genes. Neurocognitive traits have been suggested as putative quantitative endophenotypes of the disorder, but their heritability estimates are not well known. We investigated the heritability of working memory, verbal declarative memory and its different components, and both verbal and visual ability functions in schizophrenia families with a well‐ascertained pedigree structure. We also estimated the number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to these neurocognitive functions. Additive genetic heritability of the neurocognitive functions was estimated in a sample of schizophrenia patients and their first‐degree relatives (N = 264) from an isolated geographical subregion in Finland. The number of QTLs was analyzed using Markov chain Monte Carlo segregation analysis. Significant heritabilities were found in working memory and ability functions. Furthermore, the working memory functions revealed the most restricted number of QTLs. The mean numbers of loci for verbal and visual working memory were 1.2 and 1.0, respectively, with corresponding posterior probabilities of 73% and 70% for at least one locus. In declarative memory variables, the number of loci was more dispersed. Our results suggest that neurocognitive measures, particularly working memory, may provide valid quantitative phenotypic traits for linkage analyses searching predisposing genes for schizophrenia. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: Clinical features, evolution of the phenotype, and review of the literature
Authors: Castellana G. , Gentile M. , Castellana R. , Fiorente P. , Lamorgese V. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) (MIM 265100) is a rare, autosomal recessive pneumopathy characterized by intra‐alveolar formation and accumulation of tiny, roundish corpuscles called “microliths”. The name “alveolar microlithiasis” was first used by Puhr in 1933; since then, several reports have appeared, and over 300 individuals with this condition have been reported. We have reviewed the PAM cases in the literature in light of personal experience, focusing on medical implications, disease diagnosis and progression over time, familial predisposition, and geographical and sex distribution. This study confirms autosomal recessive inheritance and does not support the role of other, non‐genetic, factors in the pathogenesis of PAM. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unexpected retention and concomitant loss of subtelomeric regions in balanced chromosome anomalies by FISH
Authors: Pettenati Mark J. , Jackle Bethy , Bobby Peggy , Stewart William , Von Kap‐Herr Chris , Mowrey Philip , Rao P. Nagesh , May Kristin M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFlorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using subtelomeric probes has been useful in detecting cryptic telomeric chromosomal rearrangements. We report, for the first time, that cytogenetically visible chromosome rearrangements can occur between the subtelomeric and telomeric region in clinically normal individuals with balanced chromosome anomalies in which one of the breakpoints involves a terminal band region. Using FISH with subtelomeric probes, we observed in three cases with a balanced reciprocal translocations the retention and subsequent loss of subtelomeric regions. In one case with a paracentric inversion, there was a proximal relocation of a subtelomeric region. Because subtelomeric regions serve important roles in chromosome pairing, this retention and concomitant loss or relocation of a subtelomeric region could possibly further disrupt the complex meiotic configurations of these balanced chromosome rearrangements. This may then have an effect on gamete production, placing these individuals at a higher risk for miscarriages and/or abnormal outcomes for individuals with similar chromosome aberrations. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brain biopterin and tyrosine hydroxylase in asymptomatic dopa‐responsive dystonia
Authors: Furukawa Yoshiaki , Kapatos Gregory , Haycock John W. , Worsley Julian , Wong Henry , Kish Stephen J. , Nygaard Torbjoern G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIt is assumed that brain biopterin and dopamine loss should not be as severe in asymptomatic dopa‐responsive dystonia caused by GCH1 mutations as it is in symptomatic dopa‐responsive dystonia. However, the actual status of dopaminergic systems in asymptomatic cases is unknown. In the autopsied putamen of an asymptomatic GCH1 mutation carrier, we found that brain biopterin loss (−82%) paralleled that reported in dopa‐responsive dystonia patients (−84%). However, tyrosine hydroxylase protein and dopamine levels (−52 and −44%, respectively) were not as severely affected as in symptomatic patients (exceeding −97 and −88%, respectively). Our data suggest that the extent of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase protein loss may be critical in determining dopa‐responsive dystonia symptomatology.
Synthesis and water absorbency of crosslinked superabsorbent polymers
Authors: Raju K. Mohana , Raju M. Padmanabha , Mohan Y. Murali 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA series of novel copolymer superabsorbents based on monomer acrylamide (AM), potassium methacrylate (KMA), and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were prepared by copolymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator and N,N‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinking agent. The synthetic variables (the monomer concentration, crosslinker concentration, and initiator concentration) were also studied. The experimental results of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) show a better absorbency in both water and NaCl solutions. The copolymers were characterized by IR spectroscopy. The water retention in the soil was enhanced using the above superabsorbents. The use of SAPs for the growth of groundnut plants was also investigated. SAPs can be considered for water‐managing materials for agriculture and horticulture purposes in desert and drought‐prone areas. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1795–1801, 2002
Kudzu fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composite
Authors: Luo Xiaoyu , Benson Roberto S. , Kit Kevin M. , Dever Maureen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractKudzu fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composites were prepared, and their mechanical and thermal properties were determined. To enhance the adhesion between the kudzu fiber and the polypropylene matrix, maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used as a compatibilizer. A continuous improvement in both tensile modulus and tensile strength was observed up to a MAPP concentration of 35 wt %. Increases of 24 and 54% were obtained for tensile modulus and tensile strength, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed improved dispersion and adhesion with MAPP. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed an increase in hydrogen bonding with an increase in MAPP content. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated little change in the melting temperature of the composites with changes in MAPP content. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1961–1969, 2002
Preparation of phosphorous‐containing poly(epichlorohydrin) and polyurethane from a novel synthesis route
Authors: Wu Chuan Shao , Liu Ying Ling , Chiu Yie Shun 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPhosphorylation of poly(epichlorohydrin) (PECH) was successfully performed via reacting the PH bond of 9,10‐dihydro‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) with the pendent chloromethyl groups of PECH. From this reaction, phosphorus‐containing PECH with hydroxyl terminal groups was obtained. This compound was further reacted with toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate to form a phosphorous‐containing polyurethane. The performance of the phosphorylation reaction and the structure of the resulting polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, phosphorous‐31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The phosphorylated PECH and polyurethane were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which showed weight loss retardation behavior under air at high temperature at >500 °C and high char yield at 700 °C. Both of the synthesized polymers are potentially useful as multifunctional modifiers for epoxy resins and for improving the toughness and flame retardancy of the resins. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2254–2259, 2002