bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airborne fungal spores, pollen grains, and vegetable cells in routine Papanicolaou smears
Authors: Martínez‐Girón Rafael , Ribas‐Barceló Andrés , García‐Miralles M Teresa , López‐Cabanilles Dolores , Tamargo‐Peláez M Luisa , Torre‐Bayón Concepción , Fernández‐Álvarez Lorena 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe objective was to demonstrate the presence of airborne fungal spores, pollen grains, and vegetable cells in smears and establish their significance. Microscopic examination was of smears stained by the Papanicolaou technique. We found several types of airborne spores (Alternaria, Exserohilum, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Curvularia, and Ascosmycete), pollen grains (Lilium, bullrush, Pinus, Acacia, hazelnut, and oak), and several types of vegetable cells. The existence of these structures may be due to intrinsic or to extrinsic contamination of the sample. Anemophilous fungi spores and pollen grains have been shown to possess great allergenic capacity. Pollen grains and vegetable cells may be mistaken for certain microorganisms or malignant cells. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:381–385. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pitfalls in the cytological classification of borderline leprosy in the Ridley‐Jopling scale
Authors: Singh Navjeevan , Manucha Varsha , Bhattacharya S.N. , K. Arora Vinod , Bhatia Arati 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis is a blinded, retrospective, correlative study of classification of leprosy by cytomorphology, clinical examination, and bacterial density. One hundred consecutive adequate aspirates from skin lesions of leprosy were studied. The Ridley‐Jopling (R‐J) five‐group classification system was used. May‐Gruenwald‐Giemsa (MGG) and Ziehl‐Neelsen (Z‐N) stains were employed. Complete clinical, cytological, and bacteriological concordance was found in 88 patients. One‐step mismatch in classification was seen in 12 patients with cytomorphological features of borderline‐borderline (BB/mid‐borderline) leprosy. Cytomorphological features of BB leprosy in aspirates from skin lesions should alert the cytopathologist to the possibility that the bacteriological index (BI) may vary widely. Appropriate steps must be taken to ensure accurate reporting of BI. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:386–388. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration of the parotid gland
Authors: Romanas Maria M. , Cherian Rachel , McGregor Douglas H. , Wu Yaping , May Corrie L. , Baranda Joaquina C. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma rarely metastasizes to the salivary glands. We report a case of a 47‐yr‐old man who presented with a right parotid lesion that was diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy as a metastatic lesion suggestive of hepatocellular carcinoma with similar findings in a subsequent intraoral incisional biopsy. The patient's serum α‐fetoprotein level was within normal limits at the time of diagnosis. CT scan revealed a mass in the liver, but a liver biopsy was not performed. The patient deteriorated rapidly and died about 4 mo later. An autopsy confirmed the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma with distant metastases to unusual sites, including the parotid gland, orbit, and calvarium, bypassing more common sites such as the lungs. This is the second known reported case in which hepatocellular carcinoma presented as a salivary gland metastasis. In both cases the diagnosis was made by FNA biopsy, illustrating the utility of this method for diagnosing uncommon metastatic salivary gland lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:401–405. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interobserver agreement of a probabilistic approach to reporting breast fine‐needle aspirations on ThinPrep®
Authors: Gornstein Bradley , Jacobs Timothy , Bédard Yvan , Biscotti Charles , Ducatman Barbara , Layfield Lester , McKee Grace , Sneige Nour , Wang Helen 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated the accuracy and reproducibility of a probabilistic/categorical approach for reporting breast fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). However, the interobserver agreement in the application of this approach has not been assessed. Twenty breast FNA cases (each on one ThinPrep® slide) were pulled from the cytology files of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. The cases included benign epithelial proliferative lesions (6), DCIS (4), and infiltrating carcinoma (10), as shown by subsequent histology. Six pathologists with 14–25 yr of experience in interpreting breast FNA and 0–8 yr of experience with ThinPrep preparations rendered diagnoses according to the probabilistic approach. The kappa statistic for the unremarkable/proliferative, atypical, suspicious, and positive categories were 0.64, 0.08, 0.43, and 0.75, respectively (P < 0.001 for all except for the atypical category [P = 0.09]). Spearman's rho correlating the individual pathologist's diagnosis and the histologic diagnosis ranged from 0.51 (P = 0.02) to 0.78 (P < 0.0001). This was not correlated with the pathologists' years of experience interpreting breast FNA (P = 1.0) or with their years using ThinPrep preparations for breast FNA (P = 0.96). In conclusion, the interobserver agreement was excellent for the positive category in the probabilistic approach, poor for the atypical category, and fair to good for the other categories. The specific level of experience interpreting breast FNA or using ThinPrep among experienced pathologists did not seem to influence their accuracy in reporting the cases in our study. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:389–395. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence and typing of HPV DNA by hybrid capture II in women with ASCUS, ASC‐H, LSIL, and AGC on ThinPrep® Pap tests
Authors: Rowe Leslie R. , Aldeen William , Bentz Joel S. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractTesting for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is now a viable option for the management of women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS). The utility of reflexive HPV DNA testing for women with a cytologic diagnosis of atypical glandular cells–not otherwise specified (AGC‐NOS), ASCUS subtypes, and low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) has not been well established. In the present investigation, reflex Hybrid Capture II HPV DNA testing results were evaluated for HPV prevalence and type in 371 women with abnormal cytologic diagnoses of ASCUS–not otherwise specified (ASCUS‐NOS), ASCUS–suspicious for low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASCUS‐L), atypical squamous cells–cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC‐H), AGC‐NOS, and LSIL on ThinPrep® Pap tests. Positive high‐risk HPV DNA was identified in 53.6% of the study samples, including ASCUS‐NOS 40.2% ASCUS‐L 71.4%, ASC‐H 37.5%, LSIL 88.6%, and AGC‐NOS 0%. We conclude that reflex HPV DNA testing appears to not be useful for colposcopy triage for cytologic diagnoses of LSIL or AGC‐NOS. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:426–432. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic diagnosis of endosalpingiosis with pregnant women presenting in peritoneal fluid: A case report
Authors: Kobayashi Tadao K. , Moritani Suzuko , Urabe Mamoru , Bamba Masamichi , Ueda Masami , Nishino Toshihiro , Muramatsu Mitsue , Kaneko Chiyuki 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe cytologic appearance of endosalpingiosis in peritoneal fluid cytology smears has not been extensively described. We report a case of endosalpingiosis in a 29‐year‐old pregnant female who presented with peritoneal fluid. Dense papillary epithelial clusters with indistinct ciliated cells were found in the Papanicolaou‐stained smears. However, long and delicate cilia were obvious in papillary cluster with scanning electron microscopy. Cell nuclei were oval, with finely dispersed chromatin and uniform nuclear membrane. Peritoneal fluid cytology with these findings may be helpful to suggest the probable preoperative diagnosis of endosalpingiosis or benign glandular inclusions involving the pelvic peritoneum. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:422–425. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HbA1c screening for undiagnosed diabetes in New Zealand
Authors: Ellison Tracy L. , Elliott Robert , Moyes Simon A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractObjectivesTo describe a screening programme to detect undiagnosed diabetes in high‐risk ethnic groups in New Zealand and determine the specificity and sensitivity of HbA1c to detect fasting hyperglycaemia.Research design and methodsHbA1c was offered to subjects over 20 years of age participating in a screening programme for hepatitis B that was targeted at non‐European populations. Two hundred and forty‐four predominantly Maori subjects, with HbA1c levels 5 to 7.9% and who were not known to have diabetes, were tested with an oral glucose tolerance test. Comparison was made with fasting and 2‐h samples.ResultsFifty thousand eight hundred and nineteen subjects were screened using HbA1c. 12% had HbA1c levels of 6.1% or more, and in 4% of the population HbA1c was 7.1% or more. Maori, Pacific Island people, and Indians had particularly high rates of elevated HbA1c. HbA1c levels of 6.1% and greater were 94% sensitive and 77% specific in detecting the 32 subjects who had a fasting glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or more, and 90% sensitive and 73% specific for 20 subjects with a 2‐h glucose of 11.1 mmol/L or more.ConclusionsRates of elevated HbA1c levels in non‐Europeans in New Zealand are very high, particularly in Maori, Pacific Island Peoples', and Indians, reflecting their high risk of diabetes and vascular disease. HbA1c can be used as an opportunistic screening test for diabetes and glucose intolerance, but a high level should be followed by an oral glucose tolerance test. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cellular expression of eve1 suggests its requirement for the differentiation of the ameloblasts and for the initiation and morphogenesis of the first tooth in the zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Laurenti Patrick , Thaëron Christelle , Allizard Françoise , Huysseune Ann , Sire Jean‐Yves 
Published: June 2004

Abstracteven‐skipped‐related (evx) genes encode homeodomain‐containing transcription factors that are involved in a series of developmental processes such as posterior body patterning and neurodifferentiation. Although evx1 and evx2 were not reported to be expressed during mammalian tooth development, we present here evidence that eve1, the closest paralog of evx1 in the actinopterygian lineage, is expressed during pharyngeal tooth formation in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. We have performed whole‐mount in situ hybridization on zebrafish embryos and larvae ranging from 24 to 192 hours postfertilization (hpf). A detailed analysis of serial sections through the pharyngeal region of whole‐mount hybridized and control specimens indicates that only dental epithelial cells express eve1. eve1 transcription was activated at 48 hpf, in the placode of the first tooth (i.e., the initiation site of tooth 4V1), and maintained in the dental epithelium throughout morphogenesis. Then, by 72 hpf, eve1 expression was restricted to the differentiating ameloblasts of the enamel organ during early differentiation stage, and this expression decreased as soon as matrix was deposited. In subsequent primary teeth (3 V1 and 5 V1) as well as in their successors (replacement teeth 4V2, 3V2, and 5V2), eve1 expression was restricted to the differentiating ameloblasts and, again, disappeared when matrix was deposited. Therefore, in the zebrafish, eve1 expression in the pharyngeal region is correlated with two key steps of tooth development: initiation and morphogenesis of the first tooth, and ameloblast differentiation of all developing teeth. Developmental Dynamics 230:727–733, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retinoic acid receptor α is required for synchronization of spermatogenic cycles and its absence results in progressive breakdown of the spermatogenic process
Authors: Chung Sanny S.W. , Sung Wengkong , Wang Xiangyuan , Wolgemuth Debra J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractTargeted mutagenesis of the retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) gene has revealed its essential role in spermatogenesis. Although cells in all stages of spermatogenesis were detected in RARα‐/‐ testes, there was an increase in degenerating pachytene spermatocytes and a temporary developmental arrest in step 8–9 spermatids in the first wave of spermatogenesis, a delay in the onset of the second wave, and a temporary arrest in preleptotene to leptotene spermatocytes in the first, second, and third waves. A striking aspect of the mutant phenotype was the failure of spermatids to align at the tubular lumen at stage VIII. Furthermore, there were missing or decreased numbers of the predicted cell types in tubules, and they exhibited a profound asynchrony of mixed spermatogenic cell types. In vivo bromodeoxyuridine labeling revealed a significant decrease in germ cell proliferation in both juvenile and adult RARα‐/‐ testes and confirmed the arrest at step 8–9 spermatids. Retinoid signaling through RARα, thus, appears to be critical for establishment of synchronous progression of spermatogenesis and the subsequent establishment of correct cellular associations. Developmental Dynamics 230:754–766, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of expression of mouse interferon‐induced transmembrane protein like gene‐3, Ifitm3 (mil‐1, fragilis), in germ cells
Authors: Tanaka Satomi S. , Nagamatsu Go , Tokitake Yuko , Kasa Miyuki , Tam Patrick P.L. , Matsui Yasuhisa 
Published: June 2004

AbstractMouse interferon‐induced transmembrane protein (IFITM) gene, Ifitm3 (previously known as mil‐1 and fragilis), is expressed in primordial germ cells (PGCs), in their precursors, and in germ cells of the fetal gonads (Saitou et al. [2002] Nature 418:293–300; Tanaka and Matsui [2002] Mech Dev 119S:S261–S267). By examining the expression of green fluorescent protein transgene under the control of DNA sequences flanking exon 1, we have identified domains that direct Ifitm3 transcription in PGCs and their precursors in gastrula stage and 13.5 days post coitum embryos. Germ cell‐specific expression is achieved by the activity of a consensus element unique to the Ifitm genes, which may act to suppress Ifitm3 expression in somatic tissues. The lack of any influence of the interferon‐stimulable response elements on transgene expression in the germ‐line suggests that interferon‐mediated response is not critical for activating Ifitm3. Developmental Dynamics 230:651–659, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
cProx1 immunoreactivity distinguishes progenitor cells and predicts hair cell fate during avian hair cell regeneration
Authors: Stone Jennifer S. , Shang Jia Lin , Tomarev Stanislav 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn birds, mature sensory hair cells are regenerated continually in vestibular epithelia and after damage in the auditory basilar papilla. Molecular mechanisms governing the cellular processes associated with hair cell regeneration are poorly understood. Transcription factors are critical regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation in developing tissues. We examined immunoreactivity for cProx1 during both ongoing and damage‐induced hair cell regeneration in chickens. Homologues of this divergent homeobox transcription factor are required for cell cycle withdrawal and differentiation in several vertebrate and invertebrate tissues. In the mitotically quiescent basilar papilla, a population of resting progenitor cells (supporting cells) shows faint nuclear immunoreactivity for cProx1. When auditory hair cell regeneration is triggered by experimental damage, nuclear cProx1 immunolabel is highly elevated in approximately 50% of dividing progenitor cells. Shortly after cytokinesis, all sibling pairs show symmetric patterns of nuclear cProx1 labeling, but pairs with asymmetric labeling emerge shortly thereafter. Strongly immunoreactive cells acquire the hair cell fate, whereas cells with low nuclear immunoreactivity differentiate as supporting cells. By contrast, cProx1 is not detected in any dividing progenitor cells during ongoing regeneration in the utricle. However, nuclear cProx1 immunoreactivity becomes asymmetric in postmitotic sibling cells, and as in the basilar papilla, cells with elevated cProx1 label differentiate as hair cells. In conclusion, cProx1 immunolabeling varies across sensory epithelial progenitors and distinguishes early differentiating hair cells from supporting cells. cProx1 may regulate the proliferative or differentiative capacities of progenitor cells and specify hair cell fate in postmitotic cells during avian hair cell regeneration. Developmental Dynamics 230:597–614, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of tyrosine kinases expressed in the male mouse gubernaculum during development
Authors: Verma‐Kurvari Sunita , Parada Luis F. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe gubernaculum is a mesenchymal tissue that connects the gonads to the inguinal abdominal wall in the mammalian embryo. During gestation in the male, differential development of the gubernaculum and regression of the cranial suspensory ligament coordinate the first phase of testicular descent. As many as 1–3% newborn boys show impaired testicular descent, in part due to problems in gubernacular development. Little is known about the signaling molecules and cascades that are required for the development and differentiation of the gubernaculum. Protein tyrosine kinases comprise a large class of proteins that play important roles in proliferation, differentiation, and many aspects of cell–cell signaling in tissues. To date, no information on the existence of members of tyrosine kinase family in gubernaculum is available. We used a reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction approach to identify 25 individual members of cytoplasmic and receptor tyrosine kinase classes in the developing male gubernaculum. The analysis of cellular distribution suggests that each tyrosine kinase examined may play a unique role in gubernacular development and differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 230:660–665, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular localization and signaling activity of β‐catenin in migrating neural crest cells
Authors: de Melker Annemieke A. , Desban Nathalie , Duband Jean‐Loup 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn the vertebrate embryo, development of the neural crest is accompanied by sequential changes in cellular adhesiveness, allowing cells to delaminate from the neural epithelium, to undergo migration through extracellular matrix material, and to coalesce into ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. Because of its dual role in cell adhesion, as a link between cadherins and the actin cytoskeleton, and in cell signaling, as a key mediator of the Wnt‐signaling pathway, β‐catenin is a good candidate to play a central role in the control of neural crest cell development. In the present study, we analyzed, by using an in vitro culture system, whether the cellular localization and the signaling activity of β‐catenin are regulated in conjunction with cell migration during ontogeny of trunk neural crest cells in the avian embryo. β‐Catenin molecules were found primarily in association with N‐cadherin in the regions of intercellular contacts in most migrating neural crest cells, and only early‐migrating cells situated in proximity with the dorsal side of the neural tube showed detectable β‐catenin in their nuclei. This finding indicates that β‐catenin may be recruited for signaling in neural crest cells only transiently at the onset of migration and that sustained β‐catenin signals are not necessary for the progression of migration. The nuclear distribution of β‐catenin within crest cells was not affected upon modification of the N‐cadherin–mediated cell–cell contacts, revealing that recruitment of β‐catenin for signaling is not driven by changes in intercellular cohesion during migration. Overstimulation of β‐catenin signals in neural crest cells at the time of their migration, using LiCl treatment or coculture with Wnt‐1–producing cells, induced nuclear translocation of β‐catenin and Lef‐1 up‐regulation in neural crest cells and provoked a marked inhibition of cell delamination and migration. The effect of LiCl and exogenous Wnt‐1 on neural crest cells could be essentially attributed to a dramatic decrease in integrin‐mediated cell–matrix adhesion as well as a massive reduction of cell proliferation. In addition, although it apparently did not affect expression of neural crest markers, Wnt‐1 exposure dramatically affected signaling events involving Notch–Delta, presumably also accounting for the strong reduction in cell delamination. In conclusion, our data indicate that β‐catenin functions primarily in cell adhesion events during migration and may be recruited transiently for signaling during delamination possibly to regulate the balance between cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 230:708–726, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MAP kinase activation in avian cardiovascular development
Authors: Liberatore Christine M. , Yutzey Katherine E. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSignaling pathways mediated by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation have multiple functions in the developing cardiovascular system. The localization of diphosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (dp‐ERK) was monitored as an indicator of MAPK activation in the forming heart and vasculature of avian embryos. Sustained dp‐ERK expression was observed in vascular endothelial cells of embryonic and extraembryonic origins. Although dp‐ERK was not detected during early cardiac lineage induction, MAPK activation was observed in the epicardial, endocardial, and myocardial compartments during heart chamber formation. Endocardial expression of dp‐ERK in the valve primordia and heart chambers may reflect differential cell growth associated with RTK signaling in the heart. dp‐ERK localization in the epicardium, subepicardial fibroblasts, myocardial fibroblasts, and coronary vessels is consistent with MAPK activation in epicardial‐derived cell lineages. The complex temporal–spatial regulation of dp‐ERK in the heart supports diverse regulatory functions for RTK signaling in different cell populations, including the endocardium, myocardium, and epicardial‐derived cells during cardiac organogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 230:773–780, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polysialic acid regulates cell contact‐dependent neuronal differentiation of progenitor cells from the subventricular zone
Authors: Petridis Athanasios K. , El Maarouf Abderrahman , Rutishauser Urs 
Published: June 2004

AbstractExpression of polysialic acid (PSA) promotes migration of progenitor cells from the subventricular zone (SVZ) to the olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into interneurons. This differentiation has been found to coincide with a loss of PSA. Moreover, specific removal of PSA from the mouse SVZ by endoneuraminidase‐N was found to cause premature differentiation, as evidenced by neurite outgrowth and tyrosine hydroxylase synthesis in vivo and by expression of neurofilament‐L and βIII‐tubulin in SVZ explant cultures. This differentiation involved activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase through p59fyn and was blocked by its inhibition. The effects of PSA removal were found to be cell contact‐dependent and to be reduced by anti–neural cell adhesion molecule antibodies. These findings indicate that PSA expression regulates the fate of SVZ precursors by two contact‐dependent mechanisms, the previously reported reduction in cell–cell adhesion that allows cell translocation, and the postponement of cell differentiation that otherwise would be induced by signals generated through surface molecule‐mediated cell–cell interactions. Developmental Dynamics 230:675–684, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pax6 is a direct, positively regulated target of the circadian gene Clock
Authors: Morgan Richard 
Published: June 2004

AbstractClock is a member of a highly conserved transcription control network that underlies the circadian cycle. During early embryogenesis, its expression is developmentally regulated and may be required for the normal development of the head. In this report, the transcription factor Pax6, a highly conserved regulator of anterior development, is shown to be a direct target of Clock regulation. Developmental Dynamics 230:643–650, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.