bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructural changes near the interface of eleven-layered AZ31/AA1050 composites fabricated by single-shot explosive welding
Authors: Puchlerska S , Paul H , Miszczyk M M , Petrzak P , Prażmowski M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The evolution of the microstructure of reaction regions in as-welded and annealed states was thoroughly investigated by SEM and TEM in the eleven-layered AZ31/AA1050 composite plates fabricated via a single-shot explosive welding process. With the detonation velocities used, only the first and second interface is wavy, while the others are flat. Near all interfaces, local melting and rapid solidification processes lead to the formation of reaction regions composed of phases of different chemical compositions and structures. Even though 2 equilibrium phases of γ-Mg17Al12 and β-Mg3Al2 have been found a large part of the solidified melt region consists of non-equilibrium phases that exhibit an amorphous or ultrafine-grained structure. Further heat treatment of the multilayer composite resulted in rapid nucleation and growth of the γ-Mg17Al12 and β-Mg2Al3 phases in the form of hard layers. Within the pre-existing reaction regions, the systematic transformation of phases of different chemical compositions into one β-Mg2Al3 phase was observed. It was found that using a pressure of 3 MPa is very important in preventing delamination of the clad during heating, but it is not able to block the formation of the linear cracks in the β-Mg3Al2 phase, which crucially reduces the composite formability.
Interfacial reactions in Ta/304L and Ta/Cu/304L composites during single-shot explosive welding and post-processing annealing
Authors: Paul H. , Puchlerska S. , Chulist R. , Szulc Z. , Miszczyk M.M. , Schell N. , Mania I. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This work presents a study of recent advances in the understanding of the mechanism controlling chemical composition and the microstructure of reaction regions in a Ta/304L steel composite with and without Cu interlayers fabricated by explosive welding, both during composite formation and post-processing annealing. The microstructure of solidified melt regions (SMR) were characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy while phase composition by X-ray synchrotron radiation. It was found that SMR in Ta/304L plates are composed of ultra-fine-grained microstructure with a varied chemical compositions, containing elements from both combined sheets. In Ta/Cu/304L composites the melted regions located close to Ta/Cu interface composed only of a combination of Cu and Ta (small dendrites and ultra-fine grains), when the areas near the Cu/304L interface consisted of nano-grains with a more diverse chemical composition, containing elements from both sheets. No significant effect of the annealing (under the applied temperature of 700°C and for times up to 103 h) on changes in the microstructure of the SMR was observed in both plates.
Influence of PVA resin and cross-linking agent on the structure and properties of semi-refined carrageenan-based packaging films
Authors: Zhang S , Guo H G , Cran M J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
For the high content of carrageenan in some seaweed and the low cost and easy availability of semi refined carrageenan (SRC), SRC resin powder was selected as our research object. Due to its water solubility, a solution casting method was adopted to form film, hoping to prepare food packaging materials that partially replace petroleum based resin. The pure SRC resin casting film is very brittle and cannot be formed. Therefore, 40wt% glycerol was added to the formula to plasticize and improve the flexibility and demoulding ability of SRC. The plasticized SRC film still has limitations. Soluble petroleum based polymer poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) resin was used as a blending modifier, cinnamaldehyde (CIN) as a crosslinking agent for acetal reaction with hydroxyl groups, boric acid (BA) as a provider of acidic environment and an auxiliary agent for generating partial hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl groups. Eight experimental research formulas were designed and FTIR, XRD, thermodynamic properties and mechanical properties of the modified films were analyzed. Both microscopic and macroscopic analyses have shown that under the acidic conditions of BA, CIN undergoes an acetal reaction with SRC and PVA, therefore mass ratio of the formula that SRC/glycerol/PVA/CIN/BA is 100/40/33.3/10/10, the film has the best tensile strength of 34.85Mpa, higher than that of other films. It has been proven that CIN does indeed act as a crosslinking agent in the formula, forming a network structure that enhances it.
Crystallization temperature dependence of hardness and energy storage properties in phosphotitanate-based glass-ceramics
Authors: Chen C. , Li B. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, we selected an appropriate crystallization temperature (750 °C) to obtain glass-ceramics with the excellent hardness and energy storage properties. Besides, increasing the dielectric breakdown strength (DBS) increases along with the crystallization temperature was owing to the dense microstructure. Consequently, the good energy properties, including a high energy efficiency of 89.79% with a high recoverable energy density of 1.74 J/cm3can be achieved in the sample crystallized at 750 °C for 2 h. More significantly, the corresponding hardness of the energy storage glass-ceramics has not been reported before. These results demonstrate that the prepared sample has promise use in the dielectric capacitors field.
Effect of voltage on mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Chen S C , Shi X L , Yu X M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Under various voltages, the performance variations and compressive and flexural failure modes of carbon fiber concrete were investigated. The findings indicate that while the general concrete will display a cone upon failure, the compressive carbon fiber concrete specimen maintains its integrity under the influence of voltage, displaying a state of surface cracking with similar-sized crack spacing. With an increase in voltage level, the compressive strength of carbon fiber reinforced concrete first rises and then falls. The compressive strength of carbon fiber concrete at a voltage level of 15V is 66% higher than that of carbon fiber concrete without voltage. Similar to the flexural strength test phenomenon of uncharged carbon fiber concrete, the flexural strength test phenomenon of concrete beams when applying voltage is immediate fracture. The maximum strength of carbon fiber reinforced concrete is only 10% higher, and the flexural strength is only marginally improved, fluctuating.
Effect of viscosity and thermal properties on mechanical properties of PLA materials
Authors: Gao Luyao , Tong Yingfang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Mechanical properties are regularly motivated by the physical and chemical properties of materials. Fundamentally, they are determined by molecular weight, the movement of molecular chains and the interaction between molecules. As we all known, thermal properties (the glass transition temperature, the melting and cooling temperatures) and rheological property (viscosity) are influenced by these factors as well. Therefore, there should be specific relationship between them. In this work, we employed three kinds of materials: PLA3051D, PLA3052D and PLA4032D to scrutinize the relationship between mechanical properties and thermal properties, mechanical properties with rheology property. In agreement with the results, the effect of thermal properties and viscosity on mechanical properties are exhibited to mathematical equations.
Effect of building direction on microstructure and mechanical properties of SLM TC4 alloy
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Li Lei , Liu Qiao , Chen Yun , Mao Dexin , Zhang Weidong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the selective laser melting (SLM) technology, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the sample were affected by the building direction. In this paper, the effects of building direction on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SLM TC4 alloy were investigated of using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, microhardness tester and MTS-Landmar material testing machine. The results show that the microstructure of SLM TC4 alloy consists of acicular martensitic α′ phase. The microstructure of SLM TC4 alloy in the horizontal build direction (H) was observed to have “checkerboard” shape, while the microstructure of SLM TC4 alloy in the vertical build direction (V) was observed to have column shape. The microhardness of SLM TC4 alloy with different building directions are almost the same and the tensile properties are different. The yield and tensile strengths of sample H are higher at 995.5 MPa and 1139.3 MPa, but the fracture elongation of sample V is better at 10.3%. The fracture mechanism of SLM TC4 alloy is ductile fracture and the V sample has large and deep dimples.
Development of UV curable superhydrophobic graphene anti-corrosion coating
Authors: Chen Q , Zhao Y J , Xia B , Guo M , Shi J B , Guo Y , Xie X W , Zhao C F 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article has developed a super hydrophobic graphene anti-corrosion coating, consisting of fluorinated monomers, UV curable resins, silica, and graphene oxide. The coating does not contain organic solvents and can quickly solidify to form a superhydrophobic anti-corrosion coating. Research has shown that when the crosslinking agent is 3%, the graphene content is 1%, and the silicon dioxide content is greater than 2%, the hydrophobic angle of the coating exceeds 150 °C, and the coating has good self-cleaning performance. The corrosion voltage of the coating after adding graphene and silicon dioxide is -36.5mV, and the corrosion current can reach 1.17 × 10-9A, with the best anti-corrosion performance.
A novel Ag/g-C3N4/GCE sensor for highly efficient electrochemical detection of sulfamethoxazole
Authors: Liu Rui , Zhang Xin , Zhang Chaojun , Deng Xiaochun , Wu Tianheng , Liu Rijia , Sun Yuan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
An electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) was constructed by glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with Ag/g-C3N4 nanomaterials. The morphology and structure of this sensor were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectoscopy (FT-IR). The effects of scanning rate and pH on the electrochemical response were investigated. The Ag/g-C3N4/GCE sensor showed that the Ag/g-C3N4/GCE sensor had a low detection limit, high recovery, and good selectivity. The recovery rate of real water samples was between 94.2% ∼ 104.6%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was between 0.54% ∼ 4.29%. This innovative electrode proved to be a sensor for sensitive and accurate estimation of SMZ content in water samples.
Comparative study of reciprocating sliding wear of HNBR on the effects of temperature
Authors: Qiao Zhangyu , Guo Yanbao , Zhang Zheng , Wang Deguo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The wear of the sealing rubber of packers, which are widely used in the field of oil production, has drawn more and more attention nowadays. This research conducted the reciprocating sliding wear tests of hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) at 20 °C, 60 °C, 100 °C and 140 °C in different downhole mediums (dry, water, crude oil). The results show that the coefficient of friction (COF) curves fluctuate greatly under dry sliding and water medium condition, but keep a stable state in crude oil medium. In dry sliding condition, the average COFs and wear volume increase firstly, then diminish and reach the minimum at 140 °C due to the reduced hardness and matrix binding force. Schallamach waves, little debris and pits feather the worn surface of HNBR at lower test temperature (20 °C and 60 °C). Plastic deformation and cracks occur at 100 °C and 140 °C, indicating the combined mechanism of abrasive wear and fatigue wear at this condition. Both the average COF and wear volume increase slightly with temperature in water and crude oil medium. This paper has guiding significance to improve the sealing performance of packer.
DYNAP-SE2: a scalable multi-core dynamic neuromorphic asynchronous spiking neural network processor
Authors: Richter Ole , Wu Chenxi , Whatley Adrian M , Köstinger German , Nielsen Carsten , Qiao Ning , Indiveri Giacomo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
With the remarkable progress that technology has made, the need for processing data near the sensors at the edge has increased dramatically. The electronic systems used in these applications must process data continuously, in real-time, and extract relevant information using the smallest possible energy budgets. A promising approach for implementing always-on processing of sensory signals that supports on-demand, sparse, and edge-computing is to take inspiration from biological nervous system. Following this approach, we present a brain-inspired platform for prototyping real-time event-based spiking neural networks. The system proposed supports the direct emulation of dynamic and realistic neural processing phenomena such as short-term plasticity, NMDA gating, AMPA diffusion, homeostasis, spike frequency adaptation, conductance-based dendritic compartments and spike transmission delays. The analog circuits that implement such primitives are paired with a low latency asynchronous digital circuits for routing and mapping events. This asynchronous infrastructure enables the definition of different network architectures, and provides direct event-based interfaces to convert and encode data from event-based and continuous-signal sensors. Here we describe the overall system architecture, we characterize the mixed signal analog-digital circuits that emulate neural dynamics, demonstrate their features with experimental measurements, and present a low- and high-level software ecosystem that can be used for configuring the system. The flexibility to emulate different biologically plausible neural networks, and the chip’s ability to monitor both population and single neuron signals in real-time, allow to develop and validate complex models of neural processing for both basic research and edge-computing applications.
ViralWasm: a client-side user-friendly web application suite for viral genomics
Authors: Ji Daniel , Aboukhalil Robert , Moshiri Niema 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Motivation
The genomic surveillance of viral pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 has been critical to modern epidemiology and public health, but the use of sequence analysis pipelines requires computational expertise, and web-based platforms require sending potentially sensitive raw sequence data to remote servers.

Results
We introduce ViralWasm, a user-friendly graphical web application suite for viral genomics. All ViralWasm tools utilize WebAssembly to execute the original command line tools client-side directly in the web browser without any user setup, with a cost of just 2-3x slowdown with respect to their command line counterparts.

Availability and implementation
The ViralWasm tool suite can be accessed at: https://niema-lab.github.io/ViralWasm
Endothelium-specific SIRT7 targeting ameliorates pulmonary hypertension through Krüpple-like factor 4 deacetylation
Authors: Zhang Jin , Xu Chenzhong , Tang Xiaolong , Sun Shimin , Liu Siqi , Yang Langmei , Chen Yuqin , Yang Qifeng , Wei Tong-You Wade , Wu Xiaojing , Wang Jian , Wang Chen , Yan Xiaosong , Yang Lei , Niu Yanqin , Gou Deming , Shyy John Y J , Liu Baohua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pulmonary vascular disease characterized by a high mortality rate. Pulmonary arterial endothelium cells (PAECs) serve as a primary sensor of various environmental cues, such as shear stress and hypoxia, but PAEC dysfunction may trigger vascular remodelling during the onset of PH. This study aimed to illustrate the role of Sirtuin 7 (SIRT7) in endothelial dysfunction during PH and explore the potential therapeutic strategy for PH.

Methods and results
SIRT7 levels were measured in human and murine experimental PH samples. Bioinformatic analysis, immunoprecipitation, and deacetylation assay were used to identify the association between SIRT7 and Krüpple-like factor 4 (KLF4), a key transcription factor essential for endothelial cell (EC) homeostasis. Sugen5416 + hypoxia (SuHx)-induced PH mouse models and cell cultures were used for the study of the therapeutic effect of SIRT7 for PH. SIRT7 level was significantly reduced in lung tissues and PAECs from PH patients and the SuHx-induced PH mouse model as compared with healthy controls. Pulmonary endothelium-specific depletion of Sirt7 increased right ventricular systolic pressure and exacerbated right ventricular hypertrophy in the SuHx-induced PH model. At the molecular level, we identified KLF4 as a downstream target of SIRT7, which deacetylated KLF4 at K228 and inhibited the ubiquitination-proteasome degradation. Thus, the SIRT7/KLF4 axis maintained PAEC homeostasis by regulating proliferation, migration, and tube formation. PAEC dysfunction was reversed by adeno-associated virus type 1 vector-mediated endothelial overexpression of Sirt7 or supplementation with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+ intermediate nicotinamide riboside which activated Sirt7; both approaches successfully reversed PH phenotypes.

Conclusion
The SIRT7/KLF4 axis ensures PAEC homeostasis, and pulmonary endothelium-specific SIRT7 targeting might constitute a PH therapeutic strategy.
Long-read single-cell sequencing reveals the transcriptional landscape of spermatogenesis in obstructive azoospermia and Sertoli cell-only patients
Authors: Wu X , Lu M , Yun D , Gao S , Sun F 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
High-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is widely used in spermatogenesis. However, it only reveals short reads in germ and somatic cells, limiting the discovery of novel transcripts and genes.

Aim
This study shows the long-read transcriptional landscape of spermatogenesis in obstructive azoospermia (OA) and Sertoli cell-only patients.

Design
Single cells were isolated from testicular biopsies of OA and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients. Cell culture was identified by comparing PacBio long-read single-cell sequencing (OA n = 3, NOA n = 3) with short-read scRNA-seq (OA n = 6, NOA n = 6). Ten germ cell types and eight somatic cell types were classified based on known markers.

Methods
PacBio long-read single-cell sequencing, short-read scRNA-seq, polymerase chain reaction.

Results
A total of 130 426 long-read transcripts (100 517 novel transcripts and 29 909 known transcripts) and 49 508 long-read transcripts (26 002 novel transcripts and 23 506 known transcripts) have been detected in OA and NOA patients, respectively. Moreover, 36 373 and 1642 new genes are identified in OA and NOA patients, respectively. Importantly, specific expressions of long-read transcripts were detected in germ and stomatic cells during normal spermatogenesis.

Conclusion
We have identified total full-length transcripts in OA and NOA, and new genes were found. Furthermore, specific expressed full-length transcripts were detected, and the genomic structure of transcripts was mapped in different cell types. These findings may provide valuable information on human spermatogenesis and the treatment of male infertility.
Investors’ Beliefs and Cryptocurrency Prices
Authors: Benetton Matteo , Compiani Giovanni 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We explore the impact of investors’ beliefs on cryptocurrency demand and prices using new individual-level survey data and a structural characteristics-based demand model with differentiated cryptocurrencies and heterogeneous investors. We show that younger individuals with lower incomes are more optimistic about the future value of cryptocurrencies, as are late investors. We identify the model combining observable beliefs with an instrumental variable strategy that exploits variation in the production of different cryptocurrencies. Counterfactual analyses quantify the impact on portfolio allocations and equilibrium prices of (i) (regulating) entry of late optimistic investors, and (ii) growing concerns among investors about the sustainability of energy-intensive proof-of-work cryptocurrencies. (JEL: D84, G11, G41)
A change of rhodocytin's suprastructure turns the agonist into an antagonist of tumor cell induced platelet aggregation
Authors: Obermann Wolfgang M. J. , König Simone , Feickert Mascha K. , Sanz‐Soler Raquel , Eble Johannes A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCancer cells circulating in the blood attach to platelets by direct cell–cell interactions via several receptor‐counterreceptor contacts and indirectly by fibrin bridges which connect the two cell types by distinct integrin receptors. In the microenvironment of these tumor cell platelet aggregates (TCPAs), the tumor cells are shielded from the shear stress of the blood flow and from attack by the immune system. This supports hematogenous metastasis and tumor cell induced thrombosis. Platelet activation is triggered by binding of podoplanin on cancer cells to the platelet receptor Clec‐2. Therefore, we hypothesize that targeting this initial step will prevent the entire cascade leading to the formation of TCPAs. Rhodocytin, a heterodimeric (αβ)2 C‐type lectin from the Malayan pit viper Calloselasma rhodostoma, binds to Clec‐2 and thereby induces TCPA formation. Remarkably, mutations in rhodocytin that disturbed formation of oligomers, blocked the podoplanin‐Clec‐2 axis and prevented platelet activation. Therefore, we used lysine reactive chemicals to modify rhodocytin isolated from the crude snake venom. Blue native gel electrophoresis and far western blotting showed a change of rhodocytin's suprastructure triggered by acetylation and PEGylation. Mass spectrometry analysis of altered lysines suggested that their modifications interfered with the formation of rhodocytin tetramers. When tested in assays for tumor cell induced platelet aggregation, we found that derivatization turned rhodocytin from an agonist into an antagonist. This observation indicates that Clec‐2 is a valid target receptor molecule to curb TCPA formation and to prevent hematogenous metastasis and tumor cell induced thrombosis in cancer patients.