bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-organising maps reveal distinct spatial and temporal patterns in the build-up of marine heatwaves in the Tasman Sea
Authors: Elzahaby Youstina , Delaux Sébastien , Schaeffer Amandine , Roughan Moninya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) pose a significant threat to marine ecosystems and economies. Predicting MHWs is essential for mitigating their impact, but remains a challenge. Despite considerable progress having been made in understanding the regional-scale drivers of MHWs, a significant knowledge gap remains when it comes to understanding the synoptic-scale processes associated with these events. In this study, we used self-organising maps to identify the synoptic-scale atmospheric and oceanic patterns associated with MHWs identified in four sub-regions of the Tasman Sea between 1985 and 2014. Our results reveal patterns associated with recurring, as well as distinct extreme warming events. We show that anomalous atmospheric influence is consistently present during MHWs and that the two most recurring patterns are linked to a La Niña climate phase. Distinct synoptic air-sea patterns are also identified in the 1997/98 El Niño event. Furthermore, we identify a ‘reservoir’ of warm subsurface temperatures from 2000-2014, during which MHW frequency increased two-fold. Importantly, we have identified patterns of persistent anomalous conditions before the onset of MHWs with timescales on the order of days for atmospheric conditions and weeks to months for oceanic conditions, providing valuable insight into MHW predictors. These findings highlight the importance of understanding synoptic-scale drivers of MHWs and timescales of recurring patterns for MHW prediction. The temporal variability observed in the lead-up to MHWs underscores the potential significance of factors such as surface-layer temperature and sea-level anomalies in capturing longer-term warming trends, likely influenced by sustained atmospheric stress and oceanic dynamics, whilst atmospheric conditions at onset precipitate the transition to the extreme warming thresholds.
PrEP Disparities Among Transgender Feminine, Transgender Masculine, Nonbinary, and Gender Expansive Youth and Young Adults in the United States
Authors: Fehrenbacher Anne E. , Cain Demetria , Rusow Joshua A. , Lakshmanan Swetha , Polanco Dianna , Ward Demi , Tapia Yara , Flynn Risa P. , Sullivan Patrick S. , Comulada W. Scott , Horvath Keith J. , Reback Cathy J. , Swendeman Dallas T. ,   Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (ATN) CARES Team, Rotheram-Borus Mary Jane , Abdalian Sue Ellen , Fernandez M. Isabel , Klausner Jeffrey D. , Lee Sung-Jae , Koussa Maryann , Weiss E. E. , Brookmeyer Ronald , Tang Wenze , Nielsen Karin , Bryson Yvonne , Kerin Tara , Shannon Chelsea , Cortado Ruth , Mitchell Kate , Arnold Elizabeth Mayfield , Milburn Norweeta , Lightfoot Marguerita , Harris Danielle , Fournier Jasmine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study assessed disparities in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among transgender and gender expansive youth and young adults (N = 477) between 15 and 24 years old in the CARES (ATN 149) and TechStep (ATN 160) study protocols within the National Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (ATN). Structural equation modeling was used to test mediation pathways between gender identity and PrEP uptake among the full sample and stratified by sex assigned at birth. Lifetime PrEP uptake was higher among those assigned male at birth (26%) versus assigned female at birth (9%), explained by greater structural and behavioral risks and perceived need for PrEP, especially among trans women. Among those assigned female at birth, PrEP uptake was higher among trans men (12%) than nonbinary participants (6%). Our findings characterize key structural and behavioral drivers of PrEP use and highlight the need to reduce barriers to healthcare for trans youth, particularly in the South.
Phase field modeling of anisotropic silicon crystalline cracking in 3D thin-walled photovoltaic laminates
Authors: Liu Z. , Lenarda P. , Reinoso J. , Paggi M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A novel computational framework integrating the phase field approach with the solid shell formulation at finite deformation is proposed to model the anisotropic fracture of silicon solar cells in the thin-walled photovoltaic laminates. To alleviate the locking effects, both the enhanced assumed strain and assumed natural strain methods are incorporated in the solid shell element formulation. Aiming at tackling the poor convergence performance of standard Newton schemes, the efficient and robust quasi-Newton scheme is adopted for the solution of phase field modeling with enhanced shell formulation in a monolithic manner. Due to fracture anisotropy of the brittle silicon solar cells, the second-order structural tensor that is defined by the normal of preferential crack plane is introduced into the crack energy density function in the phase field modeling. On the other hand, to efficiently predict the crack growth of silicon solar cells, a global–local approach in the 3D setting proposed in the previous work is adopted here for the fracture modeling. In this approach, both mechanical deformation and phase field fracture are accounted for at the local model, while only mechanical deformation is addressed at the global level. At each time step, the solution of the global model is used to drive the local model, which corresponds to the one-way coupling in line with experimental evidence that the silicon cell cracking has negligible influence on the stiffness of photovoltaic modules. The capability of the modeling framework is demonstrated through numerical simulation of silicon solar cell cracking in the photovoltaic modules when subjected to different loading cases.
Mixed-Methods Study of First-Year Physics Students: Soft Barriers to Coding
Authors: Mears Matthew , Dash Louise , Galloway Ross , Karpenko Calvin , Labrosse Nicolas , Mason Victoria , Quinn Mark 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Digital proficiency, including coding, is increasingly essential in physics education. However, disparities in coding skills among students are influenced by demographic factors and prior educational exposure. This study examines barriers to pre-university coding exposure for first-year physics students across five UK institutions, proposing a fourth level of the digital divide that emphasizes technical and production knowledge in coding. A survey of 199 first-year physics students reveals significant gender and ethnicity differences in coding experience. Males were more than twice as likely to have prior coding experience than females. Students with no prior coding experience viewed it as more challenging, requiring advanced math and powerful computing resources. Despite these challenges, both groups strongly disagreed that gender affects coding ability. Qualitative data pointed to technical difficulties, a lack of role models, and insufficient pre-university exposure as major obstacles. Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnicity (BAME) students reported less teacher encouragement and faced structural barriers similar to those found in literature. The study identifies a fourth level of the digital divide in coding knowledge, stressing the need for targeted interventions to enhance diversity and inclusivity in physics coding education. Recommendations include improving pre-university coding exposure, using gender-sensitive teaching methods, providing consistent encouragement to students, and deeply integrating coding into physics curricula. These steps are vital for preparing students for the digital demands of their academic and professional futures, ensuring equitable access to essential digital competencies.
Scale properties and efficient network structures in the Swedish electricity distribution market
Authors: Söderberg Magnus , Vesterberg Mattias 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper examines the Swedish electricity distribution sector to highlight three key findings. First, we identify significant economies of scale among electricity distribution firms, indicating that larger firms operate more efficiently. Second, we explore alternative market structures and demonstrate that these can substantially reduce the aggregated costs of electricity distribution. Third, we use novel survey data to show that firms perceive the economic incentives for mergers to be insufficient. These findings suggest that policymakers should consider creating a regulatory environment that encourages consolidation and enhance efficiency in the sector.
Comparative thinking among university students: an ecological momentary assessment of upward comparisons, stress and learning behavior during exam preparation
Authors: Schlechter Pascal , Meyer Thomas , Hagen Meike , Baranova Ksenia , Morina Nexhmedin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Studying for exams can be a stressful time. Uncertainty and stress often reach their peak during exam preparation, as students frequently grapple with feelings of inadequacy and anxiety regarding their academic performance. To assess their exam readiness, students can use social, temporal, criteria-based, and counterfactual comparisons. Engaging in upward comparative thinking during exam preparation may increase students’ stress levels. However, previous studies have not examined whether students’ daily comparisons related to exam preparation are associated with their stress, negative mood, and learning behavior. Therefore, we used Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to capture daily frequency and affective impact of upward comparisons and their influence on stress, negative mood, and self-reported learning behavior among 170 psychology students at a German University. During an eleven-day EMA-phase leading up to exams, participants completed brief surveys three times daily, supplemented by baseline and follow-up assessments. Multilevel models revealed that both between-person and within-person upward comparison frequency correlated positively with stress and negative mood over time. A more negative comparison affective impact mediated the within-person associations of comparison frequency with stress and negative mood. A more negative comparison affective impact also predicted more self-reported avoidant learning behavior, both between-person and within-person. Comparison also influenced depression, test anxiety, and burnout at follow-up. The findings may have implications for designing well-being interventions during periods of performance-related pressure.
Professional commitment and satisfaction of teachers in head start within a systemically marginalized community: associations with perceived psychological distress and physical safety
Authors: Zhao Xiangyu , Byun Sooyeon , Jeon Lieny 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The quality of early care and education (ECE) is related to early childhood teachers’ positive work attitudes, as prior research suggests committed and satisfied educators provide effective support and instruction to children. It is important to understand the relationships between psychological and physical factors in relation to teachers’ commitment and satisfaction, especially those working within systematically marginalized communities. Using a sample of 166 Head Start teachers, predominantly Black/African American with low salaries, the study examined how teacher-perceived psychological distress and physical safety relate to their professional commitment and satisfaction. These Head Start programs were in a systemically marginalized community in the United States. Additionally, the study examined the unique variance explained by teachers’ perceptions of physical safety beyond psychological distress as a predictor of four distinct indicators of professional commitment and satisfaction. Three models using hierarchical linear regression were tested to explore the research questions. The results indicate that teachers’ perceptions of psychological distress and physical safety were significantly associated with their job attitudes. Additionally, teachers’ perceptions of physical safety demonstrated incremental validity above and beyond perceived psychological distress on professional commitment and satisfaction. The relationships between teachers’ psychological distress and distinct indicators of professional commitment and satisfaction were transformed after adding physical safety. This study suggests the importance of ECE teachers’ psychological well-being and physical safety in improving their job attitudes, especially for female African American teachers working in systemically marginalized communities.
Microplastics in the Hamburg port area—an analysis of sediment depth profiles along the upper Elbe river, Germany
Authors: Motyl Larissa , Fischer Elke Kerstin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Harbours pose a unique environment of increased anthropogenic pressure and artificial river morphology that are of specific interest concerning microplastic release and accumulation. To address the specific situation in the Hamburg port area, a study in cooperation with the Hamburg Port Authority (HPA) was conducted. Sediment samples at different depth levels were taken at seven sites with similar flow velocity and underlying morphology. Two sites are located upstream and downstream of the port of Hamburg, while four sites are located in the centre area of the port. One additional site takes into account an estuary of a receiving stream flowing into the upper river Elbe. For the analysis of microplastic concentrations in the samples, the biogenic organic matter was removed by oxidative digestion followed by wet sieving and density separation. For identification, the Nile red staining method in combination with fluorescence microscopy was applied. A subset of identified synthetic polymers was investigated for polymer composition via µRaman spectroscopy. In addition, sediment parameters such as grain size distribution, organic matter and water content were analysed. In total, a number of 31 sediment samples divided into different depths below riverbed level were examined. In brief, 11,280 microplastic particles could be identified. Both the highest and lowest number of particles were detected at centre port sites ranging from 60 to 21,799 microplastics per kilogramme dry weight. Fragments are the dominating particle morphology throughout all locations, except for one centre harbour site where microbeads are most common. Frequently appearing synthetic polymers were detected to be polyvinyl chloride (34%) and polyethylene terephthalate (28%). Within this study, a significant correlation between microbead concentrations and the percentage of sand fractions (coarse, middle and fine sand) was detected.
The efficiency paradox: How high-performance work systems interact with entrepreneurial orientation in hostile environments to impact firm performance in US firms
Authors: Naskar Shankar T. , Hota Pradeep Kumar , Gupta Vishal 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the complex relationships between high-performance work systems, entrepreneurial orientation, and firm performance under varying levels of environmental hostility. Using empirical data from a representative sample of 263 US firms, the paper explores these dynamics through the lens of the resource-based view and configurational theory. The study is the first one to analyze how high-performance work systems and environmental hostility interact to influence the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance. The findings challenge the traditional notion of high-performance work systems as universally beneficial, revealing their potential to constrain firm performance, possibly due to structural rigidity inherent in centralized systems and standardization procedures and the contextual misalignment between human resource practices and employee work and business environments. While high-performance work systems seem to stifle the display of entrepreneurial behaviors, environmental hostility enhances firm performance by activating entrepreneurial orientation in hostile conditions. In benign environments, entrepreneurial orientation’s impact on performance is less pronounced. The study also uncovers the complex dynamics of the three-way interaction, showing that in highly hostile environments, entrepreneurial orientation can thrive even without well-developed high-performance work systems, making the case for flexibility and adaptability for activating entrepreneurial behavior in firms. These insights contribute to a nuanced theoretical understanding of how internal and external factors interact to influence firm performance. We provide actionable insights for managers on how to strategize about high-performance work systems to support entrepreneurial orientation effectively, especially in challenging and hostile environments, and offer specific guidance on the optimum configurations of high-performance work systems and entrepreneurial orientation for firm performance in benign and hostile environments. Finally, we present the study’s limitations and outline the future research agenda for scholars, calling on them to incorporate longitudinal and configurational approaches to understand the complex relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance.
Prevalence of anti-nuclear antibodies in COVID-19 patients: a remarkable 2.5-fold rise compared to healthy controls
Authors: Dişli Faruk , Yıldız Sedat 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for COVID-19, has the potential to induce the formation of antibodies that target self-antigens. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), the most common type of autoantibody, in both healthy individuals and those recovered from COVID-19.

Methods
This retrospective study involved 400 participants (200 with COVID-19 and 200 healthy controls), aged 18 to 60 years, without any chronic diseases, including autoimmune conditions. Analyses were performed using three different ANA ELISA test kits (anti-dsDNA, anti-ENA, and anti-Hep-2 nucleus tests) that were developed and validated.

Results
Among the 200 healthy individuals, 38 (19%) tested positive for dsDNA, 37 (18.5%) for ENA, and 30 (15%) for Hep-2 nucleus antibodies. The rates of ANA positivity were significantly higher in individuals with COVID-19, with 97 (48.5%) positive for dsDNA, 81 (40.5%) for ENA, and 84 (42%) for Hep-2 nucleus antibodies (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
One in every two to three individuals with COVID-19 exhibited ANA positivity, indicating that the SARS-CoV-2 virus poses a significant risk regarding autoimmunity. Furthermore, the incidence of ANA in healthy individuals was observed to be higher than the literature average.
Reconsidering task classification systems for situations that can be modelled with multiplication
Authors: Roan Elizabeth , Kularajan Sindura , Czocher Jennifer A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To effectively teach modeling, instructors need to select tasks that allow students to learn which mathematical operations are appropriate for modeling different scenarios. Naturally, instructors might select tasks using a priori task classification systems—ones that group real-world problems for a given operation based on mathematical formalisms (e.g., as reported by Vergnaud (in: Hiebert (ed) Number concepts and operations in the middle grades, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1988). In this paper, we critique the robustness of a priori task classifications systems for guiding the selection of modeling tasks. We investigated the meanings undergraduate STEM majors attributed to multiplication while modeling a predator–prey system using differential equations. Through analysis of task-based clinical interviews with 23 participants, six distinct justifications for why multiplication was an appropriate operation for modeling the scenario were identified. These six justifications confirm that learners’ assimilation of scenarios to operations may differ from how educators classify problems using a priori classification schemes. Our findings challenge the use of a priori task classification systems for guiding the pedagogical selection of real-world scenarios to model because classifying real-world scenarios using a priori systems can overlook nuances in modelers’ structuring and validating. We highlight the importance of these nuances for generating task trajectories that would leverage learners existing meanings for mathematical operations to build new associations between mathematical operations and novel problems. We end by suggesting a shift towards reasoning-based classification systems for selecting real-world scenarios to model—ones that are based on students reasoning about and within a scenario.
A pioneering approach to deterministic rainfall forecasting for wet period in the Northern Territory of Australia using machine learning
Authors: Farooq Rashid , Imteaz Monzur Alam , Mekanik Fatemah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Several studies investigated the effect of large-scale climatic modes on rainfall in tropical climatic zone of Australia. In the current study, machine learning models such as artificial neural networks (ANN) and random forest (RF) were used to forecast the wet-period rainfall (Austral summer: December-February) at six different stations of Northern Territory (NT), Australia. To examine the synchronous influence of potential predictors on wet-period rainfall of NT, multiple input sets with different combinations of lagged Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), and Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) were investigated. To assess the superiority of machine learning models over traditional linear regression (MR) model, the linear models were also developed for the same study locations. The model performance was evaluated using five distinct statistical metrics, including the root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), relative root mean square error (rRMSE), relative mean bias (rBias), and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NSC). Large-scale climate factors, primarily MJO, SOI, and Niño3.4, were found to have a considerable effect on NT wet-period rainfall, which can be used for future rainfall forecasting. It is found that among the studied models, the ANN model delivered the best results with the least RMSE ranging from 0.47 to 1.72, along with coefficient of determination values ranging from 0.84 to 0.91. Whereas, for the RF and MR models, produced results were having RMSE values ranging 0.83 ~ 2.28 and 2.52 ~ 4.19 respectively, and R2 values ranging 0.79 ~ 0.86 and 0.62 ~ 0.72 respectively.