bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of 9/11 on Mindanao Muslims and the Mindanao Peace Process
Authors: Mercado Eliseo R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
So Shakespeare’s chorus described the eve of Agincourt. The words might well have been written also of Mindanao, more particularly of Muslim-Christian relations. When faiths and religious traditions confront each other, it is, for the most part, with ‘‘fixed sentinels’’ and even with the ‘‘whispers of the other’s watch.’’ It is said that Christianity and Islam are physically adjacent. Yet, for all their nearness, the relations between these two faiths and their respective adherents are largely shrouded in mutual suspicion and darkness. There are few exceptions on either side to rise above the general ignorance and suspicion that obscure one from the other.
Orthodox Christians in America
Authors: Erickson John H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although there are over 200 million Orthodox Christians worldwide, 4 million of whom live in the United States, their history, beliefs, and practices are unfamiliar to most Americans. This book outlines the evolution of Orthodox Christian dogma, which emerged for the first time in 33 A.D., before shifting its focus to American Orthodoxy--a tradition that traces its origins back to the first Greek and Russian immigrants in the 1700s. The narrative follows the momentous events and notable individuals in the history of the Orthodox dioceses in the U.S., including Archbishop Iakovos' march for civil rights alongside Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., the Orthodox missionaries' active opposition to the mistreatment of native Inuit in Alaska, the quest for Orthodox unity in America, the massive influx of converts since the 1960s, and the often strained relationship between American Orthodox groups and the mother churches on the other side of the Atlantic. Erickson explains the huge impact Orthodox Christianity has had on the history of immigration, and how the religion has changed as a result of the American experience. Lively, engaging, and thoroughly researched, the book unveils an insightful portrait of an ancient faith in a new world.
Buddhism’s Growth and Popularity
Authors: Mann Gurinder Singh , Numrich Paul David , Williams Raymond B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Today, more Americans either practice Buddhism or express positive views about it than at any other time in U.S. history. This is largely the result of two important social trends that began in the 1960s: the ending of immigration restrictions against Asians, and the religious dissatisfactions of many Americans born after World War II. The “baby-boomers,” as they came to be called, grew into a generation of spiritual seekers. Some who had been raised as Christians or Jews sought alternative identities among the many new religious movements that sprouted in the 1960s and later, including several Buddhist groups new to the United States. A 1998 book called The Complete Guide to Buddhist America highlighted the dramatic increase in the practice of Buddhist meditation, listing nearly 1,100 meditation centers throughout the United States and Canada, ninety-eight percent of them founded since 1965 and fifty-eight percent since 1985.
Hindu Temples
Authors: Mann Gurinder Singh , Numrich Paul David , Williams Raymond B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hundreds of Hindus gathered for the dedication of a new Hindu temple at Lemont, Illinois, near Chicago in January 1985. Brahmin priests from India had spent the previous days performing the ancient rituals to prepare the site and install the images of the gods in their new home. At the most favorable moment, the people carried the metal images around the outside of the temple, preceded by Brahmins chanting Sanskrit verses. Large, elaborately decorated umbrellas protected the sacred images of Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, and Hanuman. The crowd, dressed in colorful traditional clothing, followed the images. Each woman carried a water pot with a coconut and flowers covering it, a sign of an especially significant occasion. They followed the images through the temple doors, shouting praises to Rama, the main deity of the temple.
Reformers and Crusaders
Authors: Fisher James T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
American society has frequently witnessed a strong impulse toward reform of its major institutions. The Progressive era (stretching roughly from the late 1890s until 1917, when the United States entered World War I) and the New Deal years of the depression-wracked 1930s were two periods marked by sustained desires to achieve greater social and economic justice in the United States. Because so much of the reform activity of the Progressive era and the New Deal focused on urban life, American Catholics found themselves closer to the center of national concerns than ever before. Throughout these periods, the church was also involved in a campaign for greater organization and effectiveness that mirrored national trends.
The Uneasy Triumph of Catholic America
Authors: Fisher James T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
World War II dramatically reshaped American life. While millions of Americans served in the armed forces, even more contributed on the home front by working in war industries or taking on jobs once performed by those now serving in the military. Vast numbers of Americans moved from regions of the country where their families had lived for generations to strange new cities. When the United States emerged victorious from war in 1945, many citizens wondered if the changes of wartime were permanent or if a more traditional way of life could be restored.
Oracles of God
Authors: Barton John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Oracles of God is a study of ideas about ancient prophecy current in Judaism and Christianity from the Exile to the end of the New Testament period. It examines the prophetic section of the Old Testament canon in both Hebrew and Greek traditions, the various pictures of prophets, their role and message, and looks at the various ways in which prophetic scripture were read in the period. Source material discussed includes much apocryphal and pseudepigraphical writing, documents from Qumran, the works of Philo and Josephus, the New Testament and some rabbinic literature. The book is essential reading for all students of Old and New Testament ideas about prophecy.
Prophecy and the Divine Plan for History
Authors: Barton John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The exegetical and pseudonymous literature that works in our second mode usually appears to have an interest in the whole sweep of world history, but the appearance is very often deceptive. Though a scheme of historical prediction and fulfilment reaching back into the remote past, sometimes as far as the creation, provides the vehicle for commentator or pseudcpigraphist to convey his message, the substance of that message is concerned with the present and the immediate future; the grand historical scale is little more than stage machinery.
Law and Punishment in the Formation of Empire
Authors: Turner Karen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A commitment to civil law stands as one of Rome’s enduring legacies, the basis for the rule of law in the countries that preserved Roman legal ideals and practices long after the empire disappeared. But, as Bauman has noted in his study of crime and punishment in ancient Rome, the criminal law always operated as the “poor relation on the Roman legal scene.” Indeed, many textbook surveys of Roman law devote little attention to penal philosophies and practices. By contrast, observers of Chinese history who argue that imperial China’s preoccupation with criminal law continues to hinder legal reform point to the political system that emerged in Qin and Han times as the source of harsh penal laws designed to guard the resources of the state rather than the rights of subjects. True, by the time of the Qin unification in China, as Mark Lewis has shown, a body of mythology, political theory, and historical anecdote legitimated the state’s right to monopolize and manage coercion. But the “grand theory” based on the Confucian ideal of the “rule of man” that has dominated narratives about the nature of political authority in China obscures the attention that Warring States and Han writers paid to law as a measure to legitimate institutionalized violence.
Gift Circulation and Charity in the Han and Roman Empires
Authors: Lewis Mark Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The giving of gifts and charitable relief was a fundamental aspect of both political and social authority in Han China as well as the Roman Empire. However, while the Roman case has been the object of considerable study, the Han case, despite an abundance of references to the topic, has been largely ignored. In this chapter I will sketch the range of references to gifts and charity by the emperor, the imperial elite, and local elites of Han China and suggest a few of the major differences from the Roman case.
Introduction
Authors: Suter Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The subject of lamentation has enjoyed considerable scholarly attention in the past two or three decades. Feminists in particular have found the subject a rewarding study, in that ritual lament was a prominent activity for women in ancient societies. It seems to have been the one medium in which they might have expressed themselves and their concerns publicly and thereby have influenced a community’s affairs. These studies have had several focuses: using literary and iconographic evidence, scholars have reconstructed the likely order of funeral rituals of different societies and the part lamentation played in them. They have analyzed the appearances of represented lament and attitudes toward it in different literary genres (epic, tragedy, lyric, elegy) and endeavored to understand the social meaning of its forms and performance in these genres and if or how that meaning might have reflected ritual lament in real life.
Sumerian gala Priests and eastern Mediterranean returning gods Tragic Lamentation in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Authors: Bachvarova Mary R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the tragic dramas of fifth-century b.c.e. Athens, men dressed up as women and sang laments put into the mouths of legendary heroines and female choruses. Why did Athenian men engage in such behavior? Although ethnographic studies of modern folk lament have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of ancient Greek lament, it is also important to set the practices of first-millennium b.c.e. Greece in the larger context of the ancient Mediterranean world and the preceding second millennium.1 In this chapter I use material from the second-millennium Near East to argue that because lamentation was used not only to mourn the dead and to appease them but also to focus the attention of the gods on human suffering and persuade them to relieve it, lamentation was considered useful in encouraging the fertility of the land and the prosperity of humans. For this reason, lament was used to effect the return of disappeared vegetation gods, and tragic lamentation was necessary to the state. The practice of male transvestism and men taking on other aspects of female behavior was not only a carnivalesque overturning of norms; it was essential to the efficacy of tragic performances.
Reading The Laments Of Iliad 24
Authors: Perkell Christine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many recent studies of lament by classicists as well as by anthropologists have established that women’s lament has the potential to be subversive of the dominant (male) value system, whether in Homeric epic or in funeral rituals as still practiced in remoter areas of contemporary Greece. This observation has particular and provocative interest for readers of both Homeric and later heroic epic poetry, because women’s laments mourn heroes’ deaths instead of, in some sense, celebrating them. Therefore, laments in epic can seem to be inconsistent with or even subversive of the genre’s defining purpose of memorializing heroic deeds. As Katharine Derderian has recently put it, in both ‘‘formulaic and thematic senses,’’ lament functions as an ‘‘anti-epic within the epic poems.
Lament and hymenaios in Erinna’s Distaff
Authors: Levaniouk Olga 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Distaff of Erinna is a hexameter poem composed around the middle of the fourth century b.c.e. and so admired by its ancient audiences that it was compared to the poetry of Homer and Sappho. Out of its original three hundred lines only some fifty survive on a badly preserved papyrus and in short quotations, and this incompleteness renders any study of the Distaff highly speculative. If the poem is nevertheless not a complete enigma, this is in part because surprisingly much in its diction can be paralleled elsewhere. In what follows I view the genre of the Distaff through the prism of such parallels, some of them much discussed, others attracting little attention, and many with implications that remain to be fully appreciated.
Nenia: Gender, Genre, and lament in Ancient Rome
Authors: Dutsch Dorota 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two discourses were involved in the Roman funeral. One, the official laudatio funebris, a speech commemorating members of the upper class, was the domain of male relatives of the deceased. The other, a chant called nenia, was entrusted to female professionals and could thus offer us a rare example of Roman women’s poetic skills. But while the laudatio is relatively well documented, the nenia remains an enigma. We have no script of a genuine lament sung at a Roman funeral, and what evidence we do have is baffling. The word nenia itself, in addition to meaning ‘‘funeral chant,’’ could denote a nursery rhyme, a load of rubbish, or a magical incantation, and it even—according to one late source—had some obscure connection with the extremity of the intestine. Finally, a goddess with this name, apparently worshipped in a small shrine outside the Porta Viminalis (Fest. 163M), was believed to look after those living out their final days.
Single by Chance, Mothers by Choice
Authors: Hertz Rosanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A remarkable number of women today are taking the daunting step of having children outside of marriage. In Single By Chance, Mothers By Choice , Rosanna Hertz offers the first full-scale account of this fast-growing phenomenon, revealing why these middle class women took this unorthodox path and how they have managed to make single parenthood work for them. Hertz interviewed 65 women—ranging from physicians and financial analysts to social workers, teachers, and secretaries—women who speak candidly about how they manage their lives and families as single mothers. What Hertz discovers are not ideologues but reluctant revolutionaries, women who—whether straight or gay—struggle to conform to the conventional definitions of mother, child, and family. Having tossed out the rulebook in order to become mothers, they nonetheless adhere to time-honored rules about child-rearing. As they tell their stories, they shed light on their paths to motherhood, describing how they summoned up the courage to pursue their dream, how they broke the news to parents, siblings, friends, and co-workers, how they went about buying sperm from fertility banks or adopting children of different races. They recount how their personal and social histories intersected to enable them to pursue their dream of motherhood, and how they navigate daily life. What does it mean to be ‘single’ in terms of romance and parenting? How do women juggle earning a paycheck with parenting? What creative ways have women devised to shore up these families? How do they incorporate men into their child-centered families? This book provides concrete, informative answers to all these questions. A unique window on the future of the family, this book offers a gold mine of insight and reassurance for any woman contemplating this rewarding if unconventional step.
Introduction:”Where Do We Fit?”
Authors: Hertz Rosanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
David Letterman used humor to shirk fatherhood’s responsibilities before his child was even born. Becoming a father for the first time at age fifty-six excuses him from his obligations as a dad to a teenager. Who could argue with death as an explanation for being emotionally unavailable? But behind Letterman’s humor lies a deeper reality. His comments bespeak a larger ideal concept of being a dad, an ideal that he may fear he cannot measure up to because of his age.
Introduction: Recycling and Reconstituting Families
Authors: Hertz Rosanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Having liberated themselves from the paralysis of childlessness, the women in this study are faced with integrating their new lives and selves with children into the world. This world is not as hostile to alternative families as it once was, yet it remains unyielding to the twenty-first-century needs of all families.1 The new world for women described by Emma Goldman at the beginning of the twentieth century holds the same promise and contradiction as that facing single mothers today. Goldman expresses frustration with the reality of freedom, asking, “What has she achieved through her emancipation?” This question remains a century later.
Early Life and Academic Preparation (1911-1950)
Authors: D'Elia John A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
George Eldon Ladd was born 3I July 1911 in Chauvin, Alberta, Canada, the eldest son in a troubled working-class family.1 Ladd’s father was an ill-tempered man who had left home at the age of fourteen to escape the abuse of his own violent father. Elmer Eugene Ladd (1869- 1929) was born in Nashua, New Hampshire, and lived in northern New England for much of his early life.2 A gifted singer in his younger years, Elmer Ladd studied briefly at the Boston Conservatory in the 1890s while working as an assistant to a local doctor. He decided to pursue a career in medicine and, though he never finished high school, was admitted to the medical school at Yale College. In 1896 he completed his training in the undergraduate medical program at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire.
The Costs of Engagement (1963-1966)
Authors: D'Elia John A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the midst of George Ladd’s successful and encouraging interaction with theologians and issues beyond traditional evangelical borders, he learned in 1963 that his magnum opus had been accepted by a major secular publisher. Finally, more than twenty years after he had begun his quest to make an important contribution on be half of evangelical scholarship, Ladd’s time had come. He was not above a little teasing. He wrote to Harold John Ockenga, then in his last few months as president of the seminary: “Now at last I have completed the major work which I had in mind twelve years ago, and have received word from Harper and Row that they will be happy to publish it.
Conclusion
Authors: D'Elia John A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How do we assess George Ladd’s life and achievements? George Marsden has said that the various aspects of Ladd’s personality “were not always well integrated.” Certainly this is a valuable insight, but it is also incomplete. Virtually every wound from Ladd’s early life bore some bitter fruit in the end, a terrible sort of continuity. At the last, Ladd’s theological position became a defense against the overwhelming evidence of the unfairness of human experience. So much had gone astray in his life: His family, his faith, his ministry, and his career—all had missed the mark he had envisioned when he went off to Gordon College in 1929.
Across the Black Atlantic: The First Muslims in North America
Authors: Curtis Edward E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1730 or 1731, Ayuba Suleiman Diallo was enslaved near the Gambia River in Bundu, in the eastern part of what is now the West African nation of Senegal. A slave ship carried this father and husband across the Atlantic Ocean to Annapolis, Maryland, where he was sold to a tobacco farmer. In America, Ayuba, who was named after the biblical figure and qur’anic prophet Job, became known by a translation of his name, Job Ben Solomon, or Job, the son of Solomon. He toiled in the tobacco fields, but soon fell ill and complained that he was not suited for such work. His owner allowed him to tend the cattle instead. These lighter duties allowed Job, who was a practicing Muslim, to maintain his daily prayer schedule, and he would often walk into the woods to pray.
Religious Awakenings of the Late Twentieth Century
Authors: Curtis Edward E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On October 3, 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed a new immigration law called the Hart-Celler
Act. Speaking from Liberty Island in New York, President Johnson stressed that the new legislation was not “revolutionary.” He claimed that it would “not restructure our daily lives.” On this particular point, Johnson would turn out to be at least partially incorrect. Part of a wave of civil rights legislation that emerged from the U.S. Congress in 1964 and 1965, this new law enacted radical changes in immigration policy that affected the social fabric of the United States. The Hart-Celler Act expunged the racist immigration quotas that had been established under the National Origins Act of 1924 and the McCarran-Walter Act of 1952. Under the old system, limits on immigration had favored white people: the annual quotas allowed 149,667 Europeans, 2,990 Asians, and only 1,400 Africans to come to the United States. The new law changed that, banning discriminatory quotas based on national origins.
Integrating Economics and Biology for Invasive Species Management
Authors: Finnoff David C , Settle Chad , Shogren Jason F , Tschirhart John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An established species is considered invasive when it triggers costs that outweigh any attendant benefits. In the past, many researchers have used an approach that assumes the economic system and the ecosystem affect each other in a one-sided way, which causes them to separate risk assessment from risk management. A change in the economic system is viewed as changing the pressure on the ecosystem, or a change in the ecosystem is viewed as only changing the economic system. But this approach does not address the idea of the two-way interactions and feedbacks between human and natural systems (e.g., Clark 1976; Crocker and Tschirhart 1992; Heal 1998; Barbier 2001; Brown and Layton 2001; Wätzold et al. 2006). Ecosystem changes alter human behavior and productivity in the economic system. People recognize the change in their productivity, and they adapt to this change, either by adapting the environment or by adapting to the environment.
Estimating Dispersal and Predicting Spread of Nonindigenous Species
Authors: Muirhead Jim R , Bobeldyk Angela M , Bossenbroek Jonathan M , Egan Kevin J , Jerde Christopher L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Invasions of aquatic ecosystems by nonindigenous species (NIS) are occurring at increasing rates in terms of both the number of novel species entering a system (Ricciardi 2006) and the cumulative number of systems or geographic areas that have been invaded (e.g., Veit and Lewis 1996; MacIsaac et al. 2004; Gilbert et al. 2005). NIS are also becoming increasingly important agents in altering ecosystem processes and contributing to the global homogenization of biodiversity (Crooks 2002; Rahel 2002; Olden et al. 2004). The best way to reduce the impacts of many species is to prevent their movement into uninvaded areas. Thus, the ability to accurately forecast spread enables prediction of high-risk areas and may lead to management strategies that contain or reduce spread.