bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroanatomical distribution of huntingtin‐associated protein 1‐mRNA in the male mouse brain
Authors: Fujinaga Ryutaro , Kawano June , Matsuzaki Yumiko , Kamei Kyoko , Yanai Akie , Sheng Zijing , Tanaka Mayumi , Nakahama Ken‐Ichi , Nagano Mamoru , Shinoda Koh 
Published: August 2004

AbstractHuntingtin‐associated protein 1 (HAP1) was identified as an interactor of the gene product (Huntingtin) responsible for Huntington's disease and found to be a core component of the stigmoid body. Even though HAP1 is highly expressed in the brain, detailed information on HAP1 distribution has not been fully described. Focusing on the neuroanatomical analysis of HAP1‐mRNA expression using in situ hybridization histochemistry, the present study clarified its detailed regional distribution in the entire mouse brain. Mouse HAP1 (Hap1)‐mRNAs were abundantly expressed in the limbic‐related forebrain regions and midline/periventricular brainstem regions including the olfactory bulb, limbic‐associated cortices, hippocampus, septum, amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, preoptico‐hypothalamic regions, central gray, raphe nuclei, locus coeruleus, parabrachial nuclei, nucleus of the solitary tract, and area postrema. In contrast, little expression was detected in the striatum and thalamus, implying that Hap1 is associated with neurodegeneration‐sparing regions rather than target lesions in Huntington's disease. The distribution pattern, resembling that of the stigmoid body, suggests that HAP1 and the stigmoid body are implicated in protection from neuronal death rather than induction of neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease, and that they play an important role in integrating instinct behaviors and underlying autonomic, visceral, arousal, drive, memory, and neuroendocrinergic functions, particularly during extensive homeostatic or emotional processes. These data will provide an important morphological base for a future understanding of functions of HAP1 and the stigmoid body in the brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 478:88–109, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mineral soil surface crusts and wind and water erosion
Authors: Singer Michael J. , Shainberg Isaac 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe ﬁrst few millimetres of soil largely control the soil's response to the eroding forces of wind and water. The tendency of soils to form surface seals and crusts inﬂuences the processes of wind and water erosion differently. For wind, dry particle size distribution and particle organization determine the shear strength and threshold wind velocity necessary to initiate particle movement. In loams and clay loams, seals and crusts decrease roughness but increase surface soil strength, generally decreasing wind erosion. Conversely, in sand and sandy loams, loose erodible sandy material may either deposit on the crust and is subject to erosion or it may disrupt the crust, accelerating the erosion process. For water erosion, particle size distribution and structure determine inﬁltration rate, time to ponding, and energy required for soil particle detachment. Seals and crusts tend to decrease inﬁltration rate and time to ponding thus increasing overland ﬂow and soil erosion. This paper brieﬂy reviews how permanent and time‐dependent soil properties inﬂuence surface seals and crusts and how these affect soil erosion by wind and water. The tendency of a soil to form a seal and crust depends to some degree on the time‐dependent property of soil structural stability, which tends to increase with increasing clay content and smectitic mineralogy which are permanent properties. These permanent properties and their effect on structure are variable depending on dynamic properties of exchangeable sodium percentage and soil solution electrical conductivity. Antecedent water content prior to irrigation or rainfall, rate of wetting before an erosive event and aging, the time between wetting and an erosive event, greatly inﬂuence the response of soil structure to raindrop impact. The effect of these dynamic processes is further inﬂuenced by the static and dynamic properties of the soil. Weak structure will be less inﬂuenced by wetting rate than will a soil with strong structure. Process‐based models of wind and water erosion need to consider the details of the interactions between soil static and dynamic properties and the dynamic processes that occur prior to erosive events. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Xrcc3 is recruited to DNA double strand breaks early and independent of Rad51
Authors: Forget Anthony L. , Bennett Brian T. , Knight Kendall L. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractRad51‐mediated homologous recombination (HR) is essential for maintenance of genome integrity. The Xrcc3 protein functions in HR DNA repair, and studies suggest it has multiple roles at different stages in this pathway. Defects in vertebrate XRCC3 result in elevated levels of spontaneous and DNA damage‐induced chromosomal abnormalities, as well as increased sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. Formation of DNA damaged‐induced nuclear Rad51 foci requires Xrcc3 and the other Rad51 paralog proteins (Rad51B, Rad51C, Rad51D, Xrcc2), thus supporting a model in which an early function of Xrcc3 involves promoting assembly of active Rad51 repair complexes. However, it is not known whether Xrcc3 or other Rad51 paralog proteins accumulate at DNA breaks, and if they do whether their stable association with breaks requires Rad51. Here we report for the first time that Xrcc3 forms distinct foci in human cells and that nuclear Xrcc3 begins to localize at sites of DNA damage within 10 min after radiation treatment. RNAi‐mediated knock down of Rad51 has no effect on the DNA damage‐induced localization of Xrcc3 to DNA breaks. Our data are consistent with a model in which Xrcc3 associates directly with DNA breaks independent of Rad51, and subsequently facilitates formation of the Rad51 nucleoprotein filament. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antibacterial activities and total phenolic contents of grape pomace extracts
Authors: Özkan Gülcan , Sagdiç Osman , Göktürk Baydar Nilgün , Kurumahmutoglu Zehra 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the total phenolic contents and antibacterial effects of grape pomace extracts (cultivars Emir and Kalecik karasi) against 14 bacteria, and the effects of the extracts on the growth and survival of two of the bacteria during storage. The total phenolic contents of grape pomace of Emir and Kalecik karasi cultivars extracted with acetone/water/acetic acid (90:9.5:0.5) were 68.77 and 96.25 mg GAE g−1, respectively. The agar well diffusion method was used to test the antibacterial activity of the extracts at 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20% (w/v) concentrations in methanol on spoilage and pathogenic bacteria including Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157:H7. Mycobacterium smegmatis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica. All the bacteria tested were inhibited by extract concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20%, except for Y enterocolitica which was not inhibited by the 2.5% concentration. However, pomace extracts at 1% concentration had no antibacterial activity against some of the bacteria. According to the agar well diffusion method, E coli O157:H7 was the most sensitive of the bacteria. Generally, using the serial dilution method, while the extracts at 0.5% concentration had bacteriostatic activities on E coli O157:H7 and S aureus, the extracts appeared to have bactericidal effects at 1 and 2.5% concentrations. In accordance with this method, S aureus was more sensitive than E coli O157:H7 to the extracts. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigation of foam‐active polypeptides during beer fermentation
Authors: Kordialik‐Bogacka Edyta , Ambroziak Wojciech 
Published: August 2004

AbstractDuring ale fermentation there was an accumulation of total and hydrophobic polypeptides in the foam relative to the wort. Comparisons were made not only of the total and hydrophobic polypeptide contents but also of the molecular weights of these polypeptides present in wort, partially fermented wort and its concomitant foam. Wort, fermented wort and foam fractions had very similar polypeptide compositions with a major group having molecular weights of 40–43 kDa. Material of molecular weight in the range of 5–17 kDa and at 66 kDa was also detected. The polypeptides accumulated in foam displayed both hydrophobic and non‐hydrophobic character. The presence of yeast polypeptides in foam was confirmed. Comparison was also made between the fermentations of 10°Plato and 15°Plato wort. The results of the work may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of foam formation during beer fermentation, leading to reduced foaming and enabling an increase in the working capacities of fermenters. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Production of gluten‐free bread using soybean flour
Authors: Ribotta Pablo D , Ausar Salvador F , Morcillo Martin H , Pérez Gabriela T , Beltramo Dante M , León Alberto E 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe effect of soybean flour on gluten‐free bread quality was studied. Full‐fat enzyme‐active, semiactive and inactive soybean flours were evaluated. Active soybean flour improved the volume and structure of gluten‐free bread, while semiactive and inactive soybean flours did not have positive effects on bread quality. The particle size and concentration of the soybean flours also affected bread quality. Levels of addition between 125 and 150 g kg−1 and particle sizes between 90 and 120 µm of active soybean flour yielded the best results. Heating the active soybean flour destroyed its improving effect. The analysis of proteins by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography showed that heating soybean flour at 60–200°C caused protein aggregation. The overall results indicated that the addition of active soybean flour improved gluten‐free bread quality, and this effect seemed to be due to both the structural proteins and the enzymatic activities of the soybean flour. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
A DFT Quantum‐Chemical Study of the Structure of Precursors and Active Sites of Catalyst Based on 2,6‐Bis(imino)pyridyl Fe(II) Complexes
Authors: Zakharov Ivan I. , Zakharov Vladimir A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSummary: A DFT method has been applied for quantum‐chemical calculations of the molecular structure of charge‐neutral complex LFeMe(μMe)2AlMe2 which is formed in system LFeMe2 + AlMe3 (L = 2,6‐bis(imino)pyridyl). Calculations suggested the formation of highly polarized complex LFeMe(μMe)2AlMe2 (II) in system LFeMe2 + AlMe3, characterized by r(FeμMe) = 3.70 Å and r(AlμMe) = 2.08 Å and deficient electron density on fragment [LFeMe]Q (Q = +0.80 e). Polarization of the complex progresses with the bounding of two AlMe3 molecules (complex LFeMe(μMe)2AlMe2 · 2AlMe3 (III)) and with replacement of AlMe3 by MeAlCl2 (complex LFeMe(μMe)2AlCl2 (IV)). The activation energy of ethylene insertion into the FeMe bond of these complexes has been calculated. It was found that the heat of π‐complex formation increases with increasing of polarization extent in the order II < III < IV. Activation energy of the insertion of coordinated ethylene into FeMe bond decreases in the same order: II > III > IV.Calculated model complex (NH3)3FeMe2; tridentate bis(imino)pyridyl ligand was substituted by three coplanar NH3 groups.imageCalculated model complex (NH3)3FeMe2; tridentate bis(imino)pyridyl ligand was substituted by three coplanar NH3 groups.
Ignition Characteristics of Metastable Intermolecular Composites
Authors: Asay Blaine W. , Son Steven F. , Busse James R. , Oschwald David M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractMetastable Intermolecular Composite (MIC) materials are comprised of a mixture of oxidizer and fuel with particle sizes in the nanometer range. They are a subclass of materials known as thermites. The mechanism responsible for the propagation of reaction in loose compacts is not well understood. We have conducted a series of experiments using high‐speed photography and pressure transducers in an attempt to identify the dominant mechanism. We studied a mixture of aluminum and molybdenum trioxide. Of the four possible candidates (radiation, convection, conduction, and acoustic/compaction), these preliminary studies identify convection as the most likely. However, the extent of contribution of the other modes is not yet known and this will receive further study.
Tetrazine Explosives
Authors: Chavez David E. , Hiskey Michael A. , Naud Darren L. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe synthesis and properties of various 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine explosives and energetic materials are described. These are the nitrate and perchlorate salts of 3,6‐diguanidino‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine, the nitrate and perchlorate salts of 3,6‐diguanidino‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine‐1,4‐di‐N‐oxide, 3,6‐bis(1H‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazol‐5‐ylamino)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine and its 1,4‐di‐N‐oxide derivative, 3,3′‐azobis(6‐amino‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine) and its oxidation products.
Work‐Principle Model for Predicting Toxic Fumes of Nonideal Explosives
Authors: Wieland Michael S. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe work‐principle from thermodynamics was used to formulate a model for predicting toxic fumes from mining explosives in underground chamber tests, where rapid turbulent combustion within the surrounding air noticeably changes the resulting concentrations. Two model constants were required to help characterize the reaction zone undergoing rapid chemical transformations in conjunction with heat transfer and work output: a stoichiometry mixing fraction and a reaction‐quenching temperature. Rudimentary theory with an unsteady uniform concentration gradient was taken to characterize the combustion zone, yielding 75% for the mixing fraction. Four quenching temperature trends were resolved and compared to test results of ammonium nitrate compositions with different fuel‐oil percentages (ANFO). The quenching temperature 2345 K was the optimum choice for fitting the two major components of fume toxicity: carbon monoxide (CO) and total nitrogen oxides (NOX). The resulting two‐constant model was used to generate comparisons for test results of ANFO compositions with additives. Though respectable fits were usually found, charge formulations which reacted weakly could not be resolved numerically. The work‐principle model yields toxic concentrations for a range of charge formulations, making it a useful tool for investigating the potential hazard of released fumes and reducing the risk of unwanted incidents.
Low‐temperature thermodynamic properties of one‐dimensional disordered electron lattice system
Authors: Slavin V. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe ground state and low‐temperature thermodynamic properties of a one‐dimensional Generalized Wigner crystal on disordered host‐lattice have been studied. It is established that the spectrum of elementary excitations has a gapless structure. An instability of the ground state with respect to arbitrary small disordering of host‐lattice is revealed. This instability leads to long‐range correlations breaking. An influence of long‐range action of the inter‐particle repulsion potential on thermodynamic properties is studied. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of YAB:Cr3+ nanocrystallite sizes on two‐photon absorption of YAB:Cr3+
Authors: Majchrowski A. , Kityk I. V. , Ebothé J. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAn influence of nanocrystalline sizes of YAB:Cr particles incorporated within olygoetheracrylate polymer matrix on the two‐photon absorption was investigated. Maximal values of the two‐photon absorption diagonal tensor component was observed at low temperatures (about 4.2 K) and corresponded to concentration of the YAB:Cr NC about the 3% by weight and about 22 nm in sizes. The Cr3+ ions inside investigated NC play the crucial role in the observed nonlinear optical phenomena. The observed temperature dependence is explained within a model of anharmonic electron–phonon contribution in the nanocrystallites. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Temperature dependence of interatomic separation for alkali halides
Authors: Fang Zheng‐Hua 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA simple relation for predicting temperature dependence of the interatomic separation in alkali halides is developed based on the diffusional driving force models reported in the literature. The input parameters needed for the calculation are the volume thermal expansion coefficient and the isothermal Anderson–Gruneisen parameter both at room temperature and zero‐pressure, which are available from the literature. The tests on eight alkali halide crystals from room temperature to their melting points demonstrate that the agreement between the calculated results obtained by this relation and the corresponding experimental data is excellent. The comparisons with the other similar relations given by earlier workers also lent support strongly to the applicability of the relation presented here for the temperature dependence of interatomic separation for alkali halides. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Perinatally lethal, short‐limbed dwarfism with distinct features—Schneckenbecken dysplasia
Authors: Varkey J. J. , Jones R. A. K. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe clinical, radiographical and histological features are described for a case of Schneckenbecken dysplasia, presenting antenatally with increased nuchal thickness and severe skeletal dysplasia. Intrauterine death occurred in the third trimester and the precise diagnosis was made postmortem. This is the first case reported in the UK. Copyright © 2004 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Opioids in chronic non‐cancer pain, indications and controversies
Authors: Breivik Harald 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe use of opioid analgesics for long term management of chronic non‐cancer pain is now an accepted, although still a controversial medical practice. In some well selected patients with long‐lasting or recurrent pain, severe enough to markedly reduce their quality of life, and for whom no other more effective and less risky therapy is available, opioid analgesics may reduce intensity of pain, increase functioning and improve quality of life for prolonged periods. The type of pain and pain history of the patients do not predict reliably the chance of long term success or risk of complications from opioid therapy. However, the outlook for successful long term opioid therapy is better in a patient with a stable psychosocial situation having nociceptive type pain that is markedly relieved by a moderate dose of a long lasting oral or transdermal opioid, than a patient from a complex and unstable psychosocial background having neuropathic type pain that is relieved only partly by a higher dose of a potent opioid. When a patient is managed by a multidisciplinary team, the compliance is better and risk of loss of control and complications are less than when a single doctor is managing the patient. The evidence base for this type of pain management is meagre because the needed randomized controlled trials, which ideally should last for several years, have not been performed. Therefore a number of national and international guidelines are being published, recommending experts' opinion on appropriate use and responsible follow‐up of long term treatment with opioids for chronic non‐cancer pain.
What to learn from in vivo opioidergic brain imaging?
Authors: Sprenger Till , Berthele Achim , Platzer Stefan , Boecker Henning , Tölle Thomas Rudolf 
Published: August 2004

AbstractLigand‐PET studies are attracting increasing interest in experimental and clinical research. As the most elaborated of PET techniques, ligand‐PET allows the demonstration of receptor distributions, and thus, the delineation of neurochemical pathologies in the disease state. Recent developments are promising that ligand‐PET will even allow to characterize dynamic and short‐term changes in neurotransmission and will tremendously add to the understanding of neurophysiology on the receptor level. In pain studies, mainly the μ‐opioidergic agonist {11C}‐carfentanil and the unspecific opioid receptor antagonist {11C}‐diprenorphine are applied. Utilizing these ligands the thalamus, prefrontal and cingulate cortex, basal ganglia and midbrain structures have been shown to possess high amounts of opioidergic receptors in vivo and it is well accepted, that the receptor density is higher in projections of the medial than those of the lateral pain system. Changes in receptor availability were observed in patients suffering from chronic pain. Rheumatoid arthritis, trigeminal neuralgia and central poststroke pain (CPSP) all lead to decreased ligand binding in pain processing regions during the painful period in comparison to pain free intervals or healthy subjects. These decreases may either be the consequence of increased endogenous release or indicate receptor internalization/down‐regulation or loss of neurons carrying these receptors. Recent studies also evidenced {11C}‐carfentanil binding changes due to acute experimental pain. One possible interpretation of these changes is that the PET‐ligand might be displaced by endogenous opioidergic ligands. One major region, where this “ligand displacement” was observed, was the thalamus. These findings highlight the importance of the opioidergic system in pain processing and the power of ligand‐PET to advance the understanding of pain.
Altered processing of pain‐related information in patients with fibromyalgia
Authors: Montoya Pedro , Pauli Paul , Batra Anil , Wiedemann Georg 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPressure pain thresholds (PPTs) and event‐related potentials (ERPs) elicited by emotional words were analyzed in 12 patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and 12 matched healthy subjects. PPTs were assessed at the middle finger of both hands, before and after the experiment. Overall, FM patients and healthy subjects did not differ in PPT. Nevertheless, FM patients as compared with healthy controls were characterized by a significant enhancement of pain sensitivity from the beginning to the end of the experiment indicating a long lasting sensitization due to repeated stimulation. ERPs were recorded during a language decision task where subjects had to react to unpleasant pain‐related and emotionally neutral words depending on syntactic or orthographic cues. An emotional category effect was observed on N400 and P300 components of the ERP, indicating that unpleasant words elicited more positive amplitudes than neutral words. A significant group effect was observed on P200 amplitudes, showing reduced amplitudes in FM patients as compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, unpleasant pain‐related compared to neutral words triggered significantly enhanced late positive slow waves in healthy controls, while a comparable effect was not found in FM patients. The ERP and PPT data suggest that FM patients are characterized by an altered cognitive processing of pain‐related information and by an abnormal adaptation to mechanical pain stimuli, respectively.