bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhodiapolis Piskoposluk Kilisesi Mozaikleri
Authors: YEŞİL Şehrigül 
Published: October 2023

Rhodiapolis antik kentinin (Kumluca, Antalya) akropolisinde yer alan üç nefli kilise, batısında narteks, doğusunda apsis ve yan mekânlarıyla erken dönemin klasik bazilika plan tipine sahiptir. 2007 yılında başlayan kazılarda kilisenin narteks, orta ve yan nefleri ile prothesis bölümlerinde opus tessellatum tekniğindeki geometrik desenlerden oluşan mozaikler ortaya çıkarılmıştır.
Mozaiklerin tümü mermer, kireç taşı ve pişmiş toprak malzemeden düzgün kesilmiş küp biçimli polykrom tesserae ile yapılmıştır. Pano desenlerinin ortak özelliği, beyaz zemin üzerine sarı, kırmızı, pembe, bordo, mavi renkler kullanılarak oluşturulmuş geometrik desenlerin, üç boyutlu bir etki yaratacak şekilde gölgelendirilerek işlenmiş olması ve bunların siyah veya siyaha yakın gri renkli tesserae ile sınırlanmış olmasıdır. Farklı geometrik düzenlemelere sahip on panodan oluşan kuzey nefte ve kesintisiz devam eden tek bir panodan oluşan güney nefte bordür kullanılmamıştır. Prothesis ve orta nefte panolar bordür kullanılarak kapalı bir formda düzenlenmiştir. Nartekste ise, mekân üç ana panoya bölünmüş ve sadece kuzeydeki iki panoda bordür kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca ana desenlerin işçiliklerindeki kalite mekânlara göre farklılık gösterir. Bu farklılıklar kilise mekânlarına ait taban mozaiklerindeki farklı atölyelere işaret eder. Rhodiapolis Kilisesi mozaiklerinde kullanılan Geç Antik Dönem repertuarından seçilmiş desenlerin yakın benzerleri, genellikle 5. yüzyıl ve 6. yüzyıl başına tarihlenen mozaiklerde görülür. Ancak yakın yerleşmeler dikkate alındığında, bu mozaiklerin 5. yüzyıla ait oldukları söylenebilir.
Hierapolis (Pamukkale) Saint Philip Kilisesi Mozaik Harcının Analizi ve Konservasyonu
Authors: NOEI Sına 
Published: October 2023

2010 yılında Hierapolis (Pamukkale) Antik Kenti’nde yapılan kazılar sonucu Saint Philip Kilisesi’nde mezar odasının arka tarafında bulunan taban mozaiği kaçak yapılan hafriyat ve meydana gelen depremler sebebiyle büyük ölçüde zarar görmüştür. Yapılan incelemeler sonucu iki panelden oluşan mozaiğin acilen kaldırılması ve koruma altına alınması kararlaştırıldı. 2010 kazı sezonunun son haftasında açığa çıkan mozaik 3 günde kaldırılıp bir sonraki kazı sezonunda konservasyon çalışmalarının yapılması amacıyla depoya yerleştirilmiştir.
Kaldırma sırasında 1 adet harç örneği alınarak; tuz testleri (klorür, sülfat, nitrat ve karbonat), yağ ve protein testi, kızdırma kaybı, asitle muamele sonrasında tane boyutu dağılımı analizi, nem miktarı SEM-EDX, XRD ve petrografik analizler (ince ve kalın (parlak) kesitler, Stereo ve Polarizan Mikroskop ile incelemeler) yapılmıştır.
2011 kazı sezonunda mozaiğin arkasındaki harç mekanik yöntemlerle temizlenerek analiz sonuçları doğrultusunda tessera tabakasının arkasına orijinal harca uygun konservasyon harcı uygulandı ve bir sene kurumaya bırakıldı. 2012 sezonunda ise mozaikler Aerolam panellerin üzerine transfer edilerek konservasyonu yapıldı. İki ayrı aerolam panel üzerine yerleştirilen mozaikler orijinal yerinde sergileme koşulları sağlanana kadar depoda koruma altına alınmıştır.
PENGARUH BUDAYA KERJA, DISIPLIN KERJA DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA KOPERASI BUKIT INDAH
Authors: Mandira I Made Chandra , Made Ayu Anggreni Ni 
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the influence of work culture, work discipline, job satisfaction in part and at the same time on employee performance. The sample for this study was 32 people. Informal analytical techniques use multiple linear regression analysis. According to the research results, work culture, work discipline and job satisfaction have a significant influence on employee performance. The degree of influence of the independent variables on employee performance is 66.1.
Keywords:
Company Culture, Work Discipline, Job Satisfaction, Employee Performance.
Development, certification, and use of a pharmacopoeial standard for the content of immunoglobulin A in human immunoglobulins for parenteral administration
Authors: Nechaev A. V. , Kudasheva E. Yu. , Postnova E. L. , Volkova R. A. , Fadeikina O. V. , Borisevich I. V. , Movsesyants A. A. 
Published: October 2023

Scientific relevance. The immunoglobulin A (IgA) impurity content in parenteral human immunoglobulins should be determined in accordance with the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation by kinetic nephelometry, radial immunodiffusion, or enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) with a reference standard. The International Standard (IS) for the content of IgA is certified using gravimetry and radial immunodiffusion. However, neither of the existing standards for the content of IgA in human immunoglobulins is currently certified using all three compendial methods. This prevents analysts from comparing test results obtained by different methods and may lead to an underestimation of the IgA content in human immunoglobulins.Aim. This study aimed to determine the procedure for the development, certification, and use of a pharmacopoeial reference standard (RS) for the content of IgA in human immunoglobulins.Materials and methods. The authors studied candidate RSs for the IgA content derived from human plasma for fractionation. The IgA content determination involved kinetic nephelometry, radial immunodiffusion, and ELISA, as well as commercial test kits and the IS. The authors quantified the IgA impurity in samples of commercial human immunoglobulins from various manufacturers. The data analysis involved descriptive statistics and variance analysis using Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10.Results. The authors established a pharmacopoeial standard with a certified IgA content of 1.98 mg/mL (expanded uncertainty, 0.44 mg/mL; coverage coefficient, k=2; confidence level, 95%) for IgA impurity quantification in human immunoglobulins by radial immunodiffusion and ELISA and that of 1.31–2.64 mg/mL (expanded uncertainty, 0.67 mg/mL; coverage ratio, k=3; confidence level, 99%) for intralaboratory quality control of IgA impurity quantification by kinetic nephelometry, radial immunodiffusion, and ELISA.Conclusions. The pharmacopoeial standard developed in the study has been included in the register of standards of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation as the Reference Standard for the Content of Immunoglobulin Class A (IgA) (Registry No. 3.1.00454). The pharmacopoeial standard is intended for the standardisation of analytical methods for the-determination of the IgA impurity content in parenteral human immunoglobulins.
On assessing the viral safety of individual units of the substance "Human plasma for fractionation" by nucleic acid amplification
Authors: Elbert E. V. , Nozhko V. V. , Volkova R. A. , Movsesyants A. A. , Merkulov V. A. , Kosenko V. V. 
Published: October 2023

Scientific relevance. The absence of blood-borne viruses in human plasma-derived medicinal products must be ensured by the control of raw materials and the manufacturing process.Aim. This study aimed to analyse system suitability criteria for analytical procedures to assess the viral safety of individual units of the substance "Human plasma for fractionation" in terms of the content of nucleic acids of blood-borne viruses, considering the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia.Materials and methods. The authors analysed individual units of the substance "Human plasma for fractionation" (hereinafter, plasma). The study used the International Standards (ISs) for human immunodeficiency virus RNA, hepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA, hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, and parvovirus B19 DNA, as well as nucleic acid detection kits for these viruses based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results. HCV RNA was not detected in any of the eight plasma samples studied, and parvovirus B19 DNA was detected in one of the samples at a concentration not exceeding 104 IU/mL. Three tests with the corresponding ISs showed that the studied reagent kits detected HCV RNA at a concentration of 102 IU/mL and parvovirus B19 DNA (M1 genotype) at a concentration of 104 IU/mL. In additional tests that were conducted in two samples considering the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia for the detection of HCV RNA and parvovirus B19 DNA, a new batch of reagent kit I detected the HCV RNA IS at a concentration of 102 IU/mL only in one of three replicates, which did not correspond to the claimed sensitivity of the reagent kit. HCV RNA was not detected in either replicate in one of two plasma samples spiked with the HCV RNA IS at concentrations of 102 and 103 IU/mL, possibly because of plasma inhibitory properties. The sensitivity of the reagent kits to parvovirus B19 DNA corresponded to the label claims; the study did not show any inhibitory properties of the plasma samples.Conclusions. Polymerase chain reaction testing of the viral safety of plasma intended for manufacturing medicinal products should include control samples calibrated in IU/mL. Further research and appropriate pharmacopoeial reference materials are needed to set system suitability criteria for analytical procedures using such control samples.
On a Generalization of an Operator Preserving Turán-Type Inequality for Complex Polynomials
Authors: Malik S. A. , Zargar B. A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Let $$W(\zeta)=(a_{0}+a_{1}\zeta+...+a_{n}\zeta^{n})$$ be a polynomial of degree $$n$$ having all its zeros in $$\mathbb{T}_{k}\cup\mathbb{E}^{-}_{k}$$, $$k\geq 1$$, then for every real or complex number $$\alpha$$ with $$|\alpha|\geq 1+k+k^{n}$$, Govil and McTume [7] showed that the following inequality holds
$$\max\limits_{\zeta\in\mathbb{T}_{1}}|D_{\alpha}W(\zeta)|\geq n\left(\frac{|\alpha|-k}{1+k^{n}}\right)||W||+n\left(\frac{|\alpha|-(1+k+k^{n})}{1+k^{n}}\right)\min\limits_{\zeta\in\mathbb{T}_{k}}|W(\zeta)|.$$
In this paper, we have obtained a generalization of this inequality involving sequence of operators known as polar derivatives. In addition, the problem for the limiting case is also considered.
Can syntactic complexity distinguish translator style?--A novel stylometric analysis of Hongloumeng with dependency grammar
Authors: Tan Hua 
Published: October 2023

<p>The present study is perhaps the first study to examine the issue of style in translation by dependency distance. Translator style has been examined through different indicators, such as STTR and LR, MSL, and typical language patterns, such as reporting verbs and loan words. Yet, previous studies seldom consider syntactic structures, especially syntactic complexity extensively discussed in domains like second language acquisition, in the analysis. Dependency distance has been considered a valid indicator of syntactic complexity. Studies have shown that Dependency distance can effectively differentiate translational and original English. If dependency distance can distinguish translational and native texts, then it should be hypothesized that translation style can be differentiated by dependency distance. To this end, the present study examines the translator style of four English texts of the Chinese classic novel <em>Hongloumeng</em>. The results confirm the hypothesis that dependency distance can distinguish translator style. The findings also show that dependency direction can be taken into consideration in examining translator style.</p>
Pengaruh Minyak Sawit dan Pakan Blok Berbasis by Product Pabrik Pengolahan Minyak Sawit terhadap Kecernaan Bahan Kering, Protein Kasar, Energi dan Pertambahan Berat Sapi Bali
Authors: Hidayat Hidayat , Soetrisno Edi , Akbarillah Tris 
Published: October 2023

This study aims to evaluate palm fronds as a source of fiber feed which was supplemented with block concentrate feed with different formulas and palm oil administration to Bali heifers. The block concentrate feed used was the main ingredient of palm oil sludge and palm kernel cake (block A) and palm oil sludge and soybean flour (block B). This factorial experiment presented 4 treatment combinations applied to livestock. Eight Bali heifers were divided into 4 treatments, each consisting of 2 replications to test 4 types of treatment, namely P1 (with palm oil + Block A), P2 (without palm oil + Block A), P3 (with palm oil + Block B), and P4 (without palm oil + Block B). The experiment was carried out for 10 weeks. The results showed that there was no difference between the treatments that were given palm oil and those that were not given palm oil. Likewise, there was no difference between feed block formula A and B. Provision of fresh fronds in the field will be more practical to apply, without using palm oil. Likewise, the source of protein from palm kernel meal is preferable to using soybean meal.

Key words: Palm Oil Frond, Palm Oil Sludge, Palm Kernel Cake

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pelepah sawit sebagai sumber pakan serat yang disuplementasi dengan pakan konsentrat blok dengan formula berbeda dan pemberian minyak sawit pada sapi Bali dara. Pakan Konsentrat Blok yang dipakai menggunakan bahan utama lumpur minyak sawit dan bungkil inti sawit (blok A) dan lumpur minyak sawit dan tepung kedelai (blok B). Percobaan faktorial ini menyajikan 4 kombinasi perlakuan yang diterapkan pada ternak. Delapan ekor sapi Bali dara dibagi menjadi 4 perlakuan, masing-masing terdiri dari 2 ulangan untuk menguji 4 macam perlakuan, yaitu P1 (diberi minyak sawit+Blok A), P2 (tanpa minyak sawit+Blok A), P3 (diberi minyak sawit+Blok B), dan P4 (tanpa minyak sawit+Blok B). Percobaan dilakukan selama 10 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan antara perlakuan yang diberi minyak sawit dan yang tidak diberi minyak sawit. Demikian juga tidak ada perbedaan antara formula blok pakan A dan B. Pemberian pelepah segar di lapangan akan lebih praktis diaplikasikan, tanpa menggunakan minyak sawit. Demikian juga sumber protein dari bungkil inti sawit lebih dipilih dibandingkan penggunaan bungkil kedelai.

Kata kunci: lumpur minyak sawit, bungkil inti sawit, pelepah sawit
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Aagama Islam melalui Penerapan Strategi Take and Give Siswa di SMP Negeri 4 Kendari
Authors: Listiani Listiani , Masdin Masdin , Obaid Moh. Yahya , Marlina Marlina 
Published: October 2023

Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan strategi Take and Give dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam siswa di SMP Negeri 4 Kendari dengan jumlah siswa 34 dalam prosedur penelitian ini yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi dengan cara berulang selama dua siklus. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan mengobservasi proses pembelajaran yang berlangsung dengan menggunakan lembar observasi dan data ketuntasan belajar yang diambil dengan cara memberikan tes kepada siswa setelah selesai tindakan. Dengan indikator keberhasilan individu mencapai KKM yakni 73 adapun ketuntasan klasikal individu mencapai 80% pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa penerapan strategi Take and Give dengan nilai Presentasi tuntas siswa setelah tindakan siklus I meningkat dibandingkan dengan nilai pra siklus yaitu 58,82 menjadi 67,64 dengan peningkatan Presentasi peningkat sebesar 14,99%, dengan nilai rata-rata 76,47. Namun belum dapat mencapai indikator kinerja yang telah ditetapkan. Selanjutnya nilai Presentasi tuntas siklus II meningkat dibandingkan dengan nilai Presentasi tuntas siklus I yaitu dari 67,64 menjadi 82,35 dengan presentasi peningkatan sebesar 21,74%, dengan nilai rata-rata 80,23.Kata Kunci: Take and Give, Hasil belajar
Geographical disparities in gastroenterologists and transient elastography across Canada
Authors: Burnside Jessica , Thomas Tyler , Sebastiani Giada , Saeed Sahar 
Published: October 2023

Background: In the next decade, the incidence and prevalence of advanced liver disease are expected to increase across Canada. However, little is known about the country’s resources for monitoring patients requiring specialized care. A resource assessment was conducted to evaluate regional disparities of specialists and transient elastography machines across Canada. Methods: Demographic data on licenced gastroenterologists were obtained from Scott’s Medical Directory as of October 2022. The primary location of each specialist was linked to 2016 Statistics Canada to obtain the population size and density of provinces/territories and census division (CD). Results were summarized per 100,000 persons. CDs were classified as resource scare or approaching resource scarcity. A list of transient elastography (TE) was provided by KNS Canada Inc. and summarized per 1,000,000 persons by province. Results: Eight hundred fifty-three specialists were identified. Rates of gastroenterologists per 100,000 people ranged from 0 in the territories to 2.9 in Quebec. Half the provinces had fewer than 2.0 gastroenterologists per 100,000 persons. Gastroenterologists were concentrated in 24% (71/293) of the CDs across Canada. We identified resource-scarce CDs as areas with no gastroenterologists and in the highest tercile of population density, which accounted for 33% (1 of 3) in Prince Edward Island, 32% in Quebec, 25% in Ontario, 7% in British Columbia, and 4% in Manitoba. Only 94 TEs were identified nationwide. Conclusion: We found significant variation in liver-specific resources across Canada. Given the increasing number of people living with liver disease, policies must be implemented to address access to specialized care.
EFEKTIFITAS DAUN MAHONI (Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq.) SEBAGAI BIOPESTISIDA Spodoptera litura F. PADA TOMAT
Authors: Soelistijono R 
Published: October 2023

Daun mahoni berpotensi sebagai biopestisida (pestisida nabati) karena mengandung senyawa aktif seperti saponin, alkaloid, tanin, dan flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai pengendali organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT) salah satunya hama Spodoptera litura F.. Penelitian biopestida dari daun mahoni dengan proses ekstraksi sederhana perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui keefektifannya dalam mengendalikan hama ulat grayak dan pengaruhnya terhadap tanaman tomat.
Penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan sejak bulan September sampai dengan Desember 2022. Penelitian dilaksanakan di dukuh Jloko Tengah, desa Plosorejo, Kecamatan Matesih, Kabupaten Karanganyar menggunakan metode rancangan acak kelompok lengkap (RAKL). Terdapat 4 perlakuan penyemprotan yaitu biopestisida daun mahoni dengan konsentrasi 0%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% setiap perlakuan diulang 6 kali.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biopestisida ekstrak daun mahoni dengan konsentrasi 10%, 15% dan 20% dapat menekan serangan hama ulat grayak dan juga berpengaruh pada parameter hasil pada tanaman tomat. Persentase dan intesitas serangan tertinggi terjadi pada kontrol (P0)dengan persentase sebesar 27,53% dan intensitas sebesar 25,46% sedangkan persentase serangan terendah pada konsentrasi 20% (P3) dengan persentase sebesar 4,09% dan intensitas sebesar 2,05%. Hasil parameter hasil jumlah buah dan berat buah pada tanaman tomat tertinggi pada perlakuan konsentrasi 20% (P3) dengan jumlah buah sebesar 29,77 buah dan berat buah sebesar 1642,27 gram sedangkan yang terendah pada perlakuan kontrol (P0) dengan jumlah buah sebesar 21,20 buah dan berat buah sebesar 1209,10 gram pada tanaman tomat.
Model Kepemimpinan yang Melayani dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Motivasi Kerja dan Profesionalitas Aparatur Sipil Negara pada Pemerintah Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung
Authors: Sahirman Sahirman , Nurdin Nurliah 
Published: October 2023

Servant leadership atau kepemimpinan yang melayani, sebagai suatu pendekatan kepemimpinan berfokus pada pelayanan kepada anggota tim, diyakini sesuai untuk diimplementasikan dalam organisasi pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) menyelidiki karakteristik servant leadership pada beberapa organisasi perangkat daerah (OPD) berindeks profesionalitas (IP) aparatur sipil negara (ASN) relatif rendah di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung; dan 2) mengkaji model kepemimpinan yang melayani sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan motivasi kerja dan profesionalitas pegawai pemerintah daerah. Menggunakan teori servant leadership dari Greenleaf (1977), dalam versi yang sudah dikembangkan oleh Spears (2010), penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif dalam bentuk survei kepada 10 OPD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik servant leadership sangat beragam pada kesepuluh OPD. Komitmen pertumbuhan merupakan karakter dengan nilai terendah pada organisasi dengan IP ASN paling rendah dari kesepuluh OPD yang diteliti, sedangkan karakter tersebut justru mendapat nilai tinggi bahkan paripurna pada beberapa organisasi lain. Secara keseluruhan, karakter mendengarkan, empati dan kejelian menjadi karakter kepemimpinan melayani yang menonjol, sementara karakter penyembuhan, persuasi, kepedulian, dan membangun komunitas tergolong paling lemah.
Kata kunci: servant leadership, kepemimpinan, organisasi perangkat daerah
Implementasi Kebijakan Pengembangan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) Publik di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Yusuf Muhamad 
Published: October 2023

Pertumbuhan penduduk membutuhkan ruang untuk menampung manusia kegiatan. Pembangunan tersebut bertujuan untuk menyediakan ruang bagi manusia, akan tetapi mengakibatkan berkurangnya ruang terbuka hijau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengelolaan dan faktor-faktor pengelolaan ruang terbuka hijau publik, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif menggunakan wawancara dan observasi serta didukung laporan, aturan, dan juga hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian ini menyebutkan bahwa pengelolaan ruang terbuka hijau, dan peraturan sudah ada di Kalimantan Timur tetapi tingkat pemenuhan ruang terbuka hijau publik baru sebesar 10,76%, kekurangan ruang terbuka hijau publik dengan target 20% karena adanya masalah substansi dan teknis. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, peneliti menyarankan kepada pemerintah agar menyusun perencanaan dan komitmen pimpinan yang kuat untuk mewujudkan kekurangan tersebut.
Kata Kunci: ruang terbuka hijau, publik, Kalimantan Timur.
Efektivitas Program Peningkatan Peranan Wanita Menuju Keluarga Sehat Sejahtera (P2WKSS) di Kelurahan Kebon Gedang Kota Bandung
Authors: Rizky Indriani Dea , Anggun Artisa Rike 
Published: October 2023

Penelitian dilakukan untuk memahami efektivitas program Peningkatan Peranan Wanita Menuju Keluarga Sehat Sejahtera (P2WKSS) di Kelurahan Kebon Gedang Kota Bandung. Tujuan dari kegiatan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas program mengenai pemberdayaan perempuan menganalisis hambatan yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan program dan memberikan upaya pada program Peningkatan Peranan Wanita Menuju Keluarga Sehat Sejahtera (P2WKSS). Pendekatan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumen. Informan penelitian yaitu Dinas Pemberdayaan dan Perlindungan Anak Kota Bandung, Kasi Kelurahan Kebon Gedang, stakeholder, dan sasaran penerima program. Dalam menganalisis efektivitas program menggunakan teori pengukuran efektivitas program dari Edy Sutrisno (2010) yaitu Pemahaman Program, Tepat Sasaran, Tepat Waktu, Tercapainya Tujuan, dan Perubahan Nyata. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bawa Efektivitas Program Peningkatan Peranan Wanita Menuju Keluarga Sehat Sejahtera (P2WKSS) di Kelurahan Kebon Gedang Kota Bandung belum cukup efektif karena masih ada beberapa kekurangan sesuai dengan teori pengukuran efektivitas program menurut Edy Sutrisno (2010). Hal ini dibuktikan dengan adanya perubahan dan pemecahan masalah dilokasi binaan selama satu tahun program berjalan belum tercapai semua terutama pada bidang kapasitas pemerdayaan sumber daya manusia, pemahaman program yang dilakukan belum maksimal, serta ketepatan waktu belum memberikan manfaat dalam jangka panjang.
Kata Kunci : efektivitas program, pemberdayaan, perempuan.