bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Supervising children to be good people’: Parents and children's views of child supervision in Laos
Authors: Ruiz‐Casares Mónica , Phommavong Saithong , Park Sol , Douangphachanh Maliphone 
Published: January 2024

AbstractResearchers have paid little attention to child supervision in Laos, an ethnically‐diverse country with a community‐informal child protection system, and where many young children are regularly home alone or with another child. To explore what constitutes (in)adequate child supervision and its perceived effects, we conducted individual interviews with community leaders and professionals (n = 23) and focus group discussions with parents/adult caregivers (n = 74) and 12–17 year‐old children (n = 51) in six rural villages in Saravane and Borikhamxay provinces. Adults and children in both provinces described similar understandings and support systems of child supervision. Mothers are the main caregivers of young children, and literate fathers contribute to supervising school‐age children. Grandparents, older siblings and other relatives, teachers, and village authorities contribute substantively to child supervision. The main aims of supervision are child safety, socialization and moral development in cultural context. Parental unavailability due to employment, farming and migration; limited infrastructure; and lack of material resources are the main barriers to adequate supervision and may result in injuries, school dropout, teenage pregnancy and illicit drug use. Understanding the determinants, consequences, and patterns of child supervision across cultural and socio‐economic groups is needed to inform culturally acceptable strategies to support children and families.
Parents' perspectives on the results of mandatory child protection support: A qualitative study
Authors: Doelman Eline H. J. , van der Horst Frank C. P. , Luijk Maartje P. C. M. , Steketee Majone J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn situations where parents do not accept support while their family situation is assessed as unsafe (for instance in cases of child abuse and neglect), it is sometimes necessary to offer mandatory support to families. The aim of the current study is to investigate how parents perceive the results of mandatory support from Child Protection Services (CPS) and which elements of the mandatory support parents mark as crucial for the results of the support. In‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 18 parents. Parents report mixed feelings about the results of the mandatory support. According to parents, reaching alignment with professionals about the problem definition, as well as the aims of CPS at the start of mandatory CPS, is a crucial element contributing to results of CPS. Additionally, the perceived quality of the support (both on the organizational and professional level) is simultaneous important conditions for a positive view on the support of parents. Implications for practice include the importance of multi‐directed partiality of professionals to reach an agreement about the problems definition and the aims of the mandatory CPS involvement.
Spillover between Medicare and Medicaid: Evidence from decreasing physician reimbursements
Authors: Reddig Kole 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the effect of large changes in Medicaid reimbursement rates on the quantity of care supplied to Medicare beneficiaries. In 2015, the payment parity provision of the Affordable Care Act ended, causing widespread decreases in reimbursements to primary care providers for Medicaid services. Difference‐in‐differences and triple‐differences model estimates show that decreasing physician payments for Medicaid caused a small increase in the number of services provided to Medicare beneficiaries. I explore the mechanisms driving this result, giving context and insight into some current puzzles regarding the effects of the ACA's Medicaid expansion.
Involvement of nr2f genes in brain regionalization and eye development during early zebrafish development
Authors: Chowdhury Gazlima , Umeda Koto , Ohyanagi Takero , Nasu Kouhei , Yamasu Kyo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F (Nr2f) proteins are essential for brain development in mice, but little is known about their precise roles and their evolutionary diversification. In the present study, the expression patterns of major nr2f genes (nr2f1a, nr2f1b, and nr2f2) during early brain development were investigated in zebrafish. Comparisons of their expression patterns revealed similar but temporally and spatially distinct patterns after early somite stages in the brain. Frameshift mutations in the three nr2f genes, achieved using the CRISPR/Cas9 method, resulted in a smaller telencephalon and smaller eyes in the nr2f1a mutants; milder forms of those defects were present in the nr2f1b and nr2f2 mutants. Acridine orange staining revealed enhanced cell death in the brain and/or eyes in all nr2f homozygous mutants. The expression of regional markers in the brain did not suggest global defects in brain regionalization; however, shha expression in the preoptic area and hypothalamus, as well as fgf8a expression in the anterior telencephalon, was disturbed in nr2f1a and nr2f1b mutants, potentially leading to a defective telencephalon. Specification of the retina and optic stalk was also significantly affected. The overexpression of nr2f1b by injection of mRNA disrupted the anterior brain at a high dose, and the expression of pax6a in the eyes and fgf8a in the telencephalon at a low dose. The results of these loss‐ and gain‐of‐function approaches showed that nr2f genes regulate the development of the telencephalon and eyes in zebrafish embryos.
Durability of doravirine with dolutegravir dual regimen compared with other dolutegravir‐based dual combinations
Authors: Rossotti Roberto , D'Amico Federico , Bana Nicholas Brian , Nava Alice , Rezzonico Leonardo Francesco , Raimondi Alessandro , Fanti Diana , Chianura Leonardo Gerolamo , Moioli Maria Cristina , Vismara Chiara , Puoti Massimo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe availability of doravirine (DOR) allowed clinicians to prescribe a dolutegravir (DTG)‐based two‐drug regimen (2DR) in individuals not eligible to receive lamivudine (3TC) or rilpivirine (RPV). The aims of this study were to describe the durability of DTG + DOR compared with DTG/3TC and DTG/RPV and the rate of virological failure and target not‐detected maintenance over time.MethodsThis retrospective, monocentric analysis included all subjects who started a DTG‐based 2DR from 2018 to 2022 as a simplification. Descriptive statistics and non‐parametric tests to describe and compare the groups were applied. Kaplan–Meier probability curves and Cox regression models for regimens durability were used.ResultsThe study enrolled 710 individuals: 499 treated with DTG/3TC, 140 with DTG/RPV, and 71 with DTG + DOR. A 2DR with DOR was prescribed to older subjects who had a longer infection, greater exposure to different antiretroviral regimens, a higher proportion of resistance‐associated mutations, and a worse immune‐virologic status. Over a cumulative follow‐up of 68 152 weeks, 42 discontinuations were registered (5.9%). DTG + DOR had a risk of treatment interruption of 7.8% at 48 weeks and 9.8% at 96 weeks, significantly higher than the other 2DRs. In the multivariate Cox model, DTG + DOR and DTG/RPV were significantly associated with discontinuation. The maintenance of target not detected during follow‐up was similar among groups. The rate of virological failure was higher for DTG + DOR through different event definitions.ConclusionsDTG + DOR durability was high over a long follow‐up albeit lower than for other 2DRs. This combination might be an effective option in people with HIV that has proven difficult to treat.
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mortality burden: Predictions for 2030 based on Bayesian age‐period‐cohort analysis of China and global mortality burden from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Dong Chunping , Wu Guifu , Li Hui , Qiao Yuan , Gao Shan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimsThis study assessed diabetes (type 1 and type 2) mortality in China and globally from 1990 to 2019, predicting the next decade's trends.Materials and MethodsData came from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. The annual percentage change (AAPC) in age‐standardized mortality rates (ASMR) for diabetes (type 1 and type 2) during 1990–2019 was calculated. A Bayesian age‐period‐cohort (BAPC) model predicted diabetes (type 1 and type 2) mortality from 2020 to 2030.ResultsIn China, type 1 diabetes deaths declined from 6,005 to 4,504 cases (AAPC −2.827), while type 2 diabetes deaths rose from 64,084 to 168,388 cases (AAPC −0.763) from 1990 to 2019. Globally, type 1 diabetes deaths increased from 55,417 to 78,236 cases (AAPC 0.223), and type 2 diabetes deaths increased from 606,407 to 1,472,934 cases (AAPC 0.365). Both China and global trends showed declining type 1 diabetes ASMR. However, female type 2 diabetes ASMR in China initially increased and then decreased, while males had a rebound trend. Peak type 1 diabetes deaths were in the 40–44 age group, and type 2 diabetes peaked in those over 70. BAPC predicted declining diabetes (type 1 and type 2) mortality burden in China and globally over the next 10 years.ConclusionsType 2 diabetes mortality remained high in China and globally despite decreasing type 1 diabetes mortality over 30 years. Predictions suggest a gradual decrease in diabetes mortality over the next decade, highlighting the need for continued focus on type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment.
Calibrating the Conatus in Morphogenetic Régulation: Towards a Problématique of Perseverance
Authors: Knio Karim 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe intersection between Critical realism, complex system thinking and Luhmannian autopoiesis has been subject to various debates. By showing how a complex system necessitates a trans‐immanent philosophical foundation, Knio proposed in a previous article a problématique of calibration which seeks to bring back to the fore the importance of considering a complex causality generated by environments onto boundaries and systems in an iterative, recursive, and emergentist way. The next step is to understand the motivation behind the actions of a trans‐immanent system. This paper contributes to this discussion by operationalizing the motivation behind action in terms of the Spinozian conatus. In so doing, this research shows how trans‐immanent systems such as people and society not only objectify (socially construct) but objectivate (create) objects behind desire. Finally, the forgoing shows how systemic persistence is not a simple matter of inertia or imitation but it is a matter of empowering reflexivity or, perseverance. This is shown through a thorough overview of the different interpretations of the conatus, followed by their application to several case studies within pre‐existing and prominent theories of institutional change within capitalism. As a result, the conatus as based on a trans‐immanent system offers great potential in institutional analysis; exemplified in the Critical Realist model of social change: Morphogenetic Régulation. This research contributes not only to political, economic, social, and cultural analyses of institutional change but analyses of complex and open systems as a whole, and thus understandings of human empowerment.
Heritage identity and Indigenous language learning motivation: A case of Indigenous Taiwanese high school students
Authors: Huang Hung Tzu , Chan Hsin Yu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study responds to calls to reexamine the L2 motivational self system framework in order to understand motivations to learn languages other than English. Specifically, we explore Indigenous Taiwanese students’ heritage language learning motivation from a possible selves perspective. Following work on the rooted L2 self, the construct of the Indigenous heritage self is incorporated to capture the passion and conviction that motivates learners to maintain language use and revitalize cultural legacies. A nationwide questionnaire survey was administered to 293 indigenous Taiwanese high school students (aged 15–18). Exploratory factor analysis points to the need to include the Indigenous heritage self in an account of the motivation to learn endangered Indigenous languages. The composite elements of the Indigenous heritage self consist of goals focused on preserving the Indigenous language and cultures, as well as an emotional attachment to the heritage culture. Furthermore, multiple regression results show that learners’ Indigenous heritage self and ideal future self are significant contributors to motivational intensity and classroom engagement. Findings indicate that community‐based motivation is equally important as individual learners’ idealized future images in motivating Indigenous language learning. The article concludes by suggesting curriculum initiatives that incorporate motivational strategy instruction aimed at developing an ideal self for speaking the Indigenous language, bridging classroom content and the cultural immersive experiences that students have outside formal environments.
Combining living and deceased donation for pediatric first isolated liver transplantation: A win‐win even in countries with high deceased donor donation rates
Authors: de Ville de Goyet Jean , Grimaldi Chiara , di Francesco Fabrizio , Bici Kejd , Dona Diletta , Cintorino Davide 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundSplit and living donor liver transplantations are both key surgical strategies for development of pediatric liver transplant programs. Often, however, teams tend to prioritize only one preferentially.MethodsIn the context of a very active national split liver graft allocation program (Italy), retrospective study of 226 consecutive pediatric first isolated liver transplants performed by a single team using organs from both deceased and living donors. Clinical characterisitics and outcome were compared.ResultsIn the context of a steadily slowly decreasing split graft offer, living donation activity steadily increased. Deceased and living donation accounted for 52.6% and 47.4% of transplantations, respectively. Both strategies were equally used for transplanting patients up to 30 kg of weight, while deceased donors were predominantly used for older recipients. Technical variants represented 86% of all transplants, with 183 conisting of left lateral segment grafts (76 split liver grafts and 107 left grafts from living donors). Outcome of both surgical strategies was similar, with excellent outcomes at early, mid‐, and long‐term.ConclusionsSplitting livers of deceased donors and using living donation were complementary and non‐competitive strategies for developping pediatric liver transplant activity. Implementing both activities in parallell allowed to maintain stable the number of annual transplant in Italy and allowed to reach superior outcomes. This analysis provides evidence that living donation plays a role in Italy despite an existing very active “mandatory‐split” national policy.
Implementing an approach to prevent life‐threatening bleeding: Guidance on forming a campus initiative
Authors: Caulkins Elizabeth , Johnston Katheryn Courville , Deal Belinda , Swanberg Amanda , Barnes Glenn A. , Bowen Jessica 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA community that is trained to respond to life‐threatening bleeding can reduce the risk of death from trauma and violence. Stop The Bleed is a nationally recognized, free, 1‐hour bleeding control training designed for laypersons. Implementing a campuswide Stop the Bleed initiative can be daunting, yet vital to creating a safe, prepared campus. Guidance is offered by faculty, staff, and students from a Stop the Bleed initiative at a public university in the southern United States. This guide provides real‐life examples and recommendations based on experience. Utilization of population health nursing students is a fundamental component of success.
Physics-Informed Fully Convolutional Networks for Forward Prediction of Temperature Field and Inverse Estimation of Thermal Diffusivity
Authors: Zhu Tong , Zheng Qiye , Lu Yanglong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a novel approach to solving partial differential equations (PDEs) through deep learning. They offer a unified manner for solving forward and inverse problems, which is beneficial for various engineering problems, including heat transfer analysis. However, traditional PINNs suffer from low accuracy and efficiency due to the fully-connected neural network framework and the method to incorporate physical laws. In this paper, a novel physics-informed learning architecture, named physics-informed fully convolutional networks (PIFCNs), is developed to simultaneously solve forward and inverse problems in thermal conduction. The use of fully convolutional networks (FCNs) significantly reduces the density of connections. Thus, the computational cost is reduced. With the advantage of the nodal-level match between inputs and outputs in FCNs, the output solution can be used directly to formulate discretized PDEs via a finite difference method, which is more accurate and efficient than the traditional approach in PINNs. The results demonstrate that PIFCNs can flexibly implement Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions to predict temperature distribution. Remarkably, PIFCNs can also estimate unknown thermal diffusivity with an accuracy exceeding 99%, even with incomplete boundaries and limited sampling data. The results obtained from PIFCNs outperform those obtained from PINNs.
Caffeine Does Not Alter Performance, Perceptual Responses, and Oxidative Stress After Short Sprint Interval Training
Authors: Bernardo Mauro F. , Enes Alysson , Rezende Elisangela F. , Okuyama Alexandre R. , Alves Ragami C. , de Andrade Murilo , Macedo Ana Carolina G. , de Barros Marcelo Paes , Candow Darren G. , Forbes Scott C. , Souza-Junior Tácito P. 
Published: January 2024

Despite the abundance of research investigating the efficacy of caffeine supplementation on exercise performance, the physiological and biochemical responses to caffeine supplementation during intermittent activities are less evident. This study investigated the acute effects of caffeine supplementation on measures of exercise performance, ratings of perceived exertion, and biomarkers of oxidative stress induced by an acute bout of sprint interval training. In a randomized crossover design, 12 healthy males (age: 26 ± 4 years, height: 177.5 ± 6 cm, body mass: 80.7 ± 7.6 kg) ingested 6 mg/kg of caffeine or placebo 60 min prior to performing sprint interval training (12 × 6 s “all-out sprints” interspersed by 60 s of rest). Performance scores and ratings of perceived exertion were assessed after every sprint. Blood samples were collected before supplementation, prior to and following each sprint, and 5 and 60 min after the last sprint. Caffeine had no effect on any performance measures, ratings of perceived exertion, or biomarkers of oxidative stress (p > .05). In conclusion, caffeine supplementation does not improve performance or decrease oxidative stress after an acute bout of sprint interval training.
Effects and mechanisms of glyphosate as phosphorus nutrient on element stoichiometry and metabolism in the diatom
Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Wang Cong , Li Jiashun , Li Sihan , Lin Senjie 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

The ability to utilize dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) gives phytoplankton competitive advantages in P-limited environments. Our previous research indicates that the diatom
Phaeodactylum tricornutum
could grow on glyphosate, a DOP with carbon-phosphorus (C-P) bond and an herbicide, as sole P source. However, direct evidence and mechanism of glyphosate utilization are still lacking. In this study, using physiological and isotopic analysis, combined with transcriptomic profiling, we demonstrated the uptake of glyphosate by
P. tricornutum
and revealed the candidate responsible genes. Our data showed a low efficiency of glyphosate utilization by
P. tricornutum
, suggesting that glyphosate utilization costs energy and that the alga possessed an herbicide-resistant type of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase. Compared to the P-limited cultures, the glyphosate-grown
P. tricornutum
cells up-regulated genes involved in DNA replication, cell growth, transcription, translation, carbon metabolism, and many genes encoding antioxidants. Additionally, cellular C and silicon (Si) increased remarkably while cellular nitrogen (N) declined in the glyphosate-grown
P. tricornutum
, leading to higher Si:C and Si:N ratios, which corresponded to the up-regulation of genes involved in the C metabolism and Si uptake and the down-regulation of those encoding N uptake. This has the potential to enhance C and Si export to the deep sea when P is limited but phosphonate is available. In sum, our study documented how
P. tricornutum
could utilize the herbicide glyphosate as P nutrient and how glyphosate utilization may affect the element content and stoichiometry in this diatom, which have important ecological implications in the future ocean.

IMPORTANCE

Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world and could be utilized as phosphorus (P) source by some bacteria. Our study first revealed that glyphosate could be transported into
Phaeodactylum tricornutum
cells for utilization and identified putative genes responsible for glyphosate uptake. This uncovers an alternative strategy of phytoplankton to cope with P deficiency considering phosphonate accounts for about 25% of the total dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) in the ocean. Additionally, accumulation of carbon (C) and silicon (Si), as well as elevation of Si:C ratio in
P. tricornutum
cells when grown on glyphosate indicates glyphosate as the source of P nutrient has the potential to result in more C and Si export into the deep ocean. This, along with the differential ability to utilize glyphosate among different species, glyphosate supply in dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP)-depleted ecosystems may cause changes in phytoplankton community structure. These insights have implications in evaluating the effects of human activities (use of Roundup) and climate change (potentially reducing DIP supply in sunlit layer) on phytoplankton in the future ocean.