bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Source‐sink populations in Mediterranean Blue tits: evidence using single‐locus minisatellite probes
Authors: Dias P. C. , Verheyen G. R. , Raymond M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractLong term studies on population biology of Blue tits (Parus caeruleus L.) in Mediterranean habitats have shown that in patchy landscapes life‐history traits seem to be adapted to the predominant type of habitat, where reproductive success is higher. The “source‐sink hypothesis” suggests that differences in the local production of fledglings result in an asymmetrical gene flow from rich deciduous habitats (“source”) to evergreen poor habitats (“sink”), preventing local adaptation in evergreen habitats.In this study we used single‐locus minisatellite DNA probes to test the following predictions of the source‐sink hypothesis: 1) source and sink populations are not genetically differentiated; 2) amount of gene flow is ranked in the following decreasing order: between source and sink habitats, among source habitats and among sink habitats; and 3) linkage disequilibrium is higher in sink than in source populations. Results were consistent with these three predictions, and with previous results obtained using other approaches. Results clearly support a source‐sink functioning of Blue tit populations in southern France mosaic landscapes, and emphasise the need of combining genetic and ecological studies to understand the functioning of natural populations.
Covariation among floral traits in Spergularia marina (Caryophyllaceae): geographic and temporal variation in phenotypic and among‐family correlations
Authors: Mazer S. J. , Delesalle V. A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractStrong covariation among traits suggests the presence of constraints on their independent evolution due to pleiotropy, to linkage, or to selective forces that maintain particular trait combinations. We examined floral trait covariation among individuals, among maternal families within and across populations, and over time, in greenhouse‐raised plants of the autogamous Spergularia marina. We had three aims. First, since the phenotype of traits expressed by modular organs often changes as individuals age, estimates of the degree of genetic covariation between such traits may also change over time. To seek evidence for this, we measured weekly (for five weeks) an array of floral traits among plants representing ∼ 10 maternal families from each of four populations. The statistical significance of the phenotypic and among‐family correlations among traits changed over time. Second, we compared populations with respect to trait covariation to determine whether populations or traits appear to be evolving independently of one another. Differences observed among populations suggest that they have diverged genetically. Third, we sought correlations that might reflect constraints on the independent evolution of floral traits. Investment in another and ovule production per flower vary independently among maternal families; there was no evidence for a “trade‐off” between male and female investment. We propose that in autogamous taxa one should not find a negative correlation between pollen and ovule production per flower, as such taxa cannot evolve sexual specialization and should be under strong selection to maintain an efficient pollen:ovule ratio, preventing the evolution of male‐biased or female‐biased genotypes. We found that other pairs of floral traits, however, expressed highly signficant correlation coefficients, suggesting the presence of some evolutionary constraints, at least within some populations, although their strength depended on exactly when flowers were sampled.
Environment-dependent reversal of a life history trade-off in the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus
Authors: Messina F. J. , Fry J. D. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Environmental manipulations have consistently demonstrated a cost of reproduction in the capital-breeding seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus, as females deprived of seeds or mates lay fewer eggs and thereby increase their longevity. Yet fecundity and longevity tend to be positively correlated within populations, perhaps as a consequence of individual differences in resource acquisition. We conducted a split-brood experiment that combined a manipulation of seed availability (seeds present or absent) with a quantitative-genetic analysis of fecundity and lifespan in each environment. Each trait was significantly heritable in each environment. Seed availability not only altered mean fecundity and longevity between environments, but also modified how the traits were correlated within environments. The signs of both the phenotypic and genetic correlations switched from positive when seeds were present to negative when seeds were absent. This reversal persisted even after the effect of body mass (a potential indicator of resource acquisition) was statistically controlled. Cross-environment genetic correlations were positive but significantly less than one for each trait. We suggest that the reversal of the fecundity–longevity relationship depends on a shift in the relative importance of resource-acquisition and resource-allocation loci between environments. In particular, a cost of reproduction may be apparent at the individual level only when seeds are scarce or absent because differences in reproductive effort become large enough to overwhelm differences in resource acquisition. Despite their common dependence on resources acquired during larval stages, fecundity and lifespan in C. maculatus do not appear to be tightly coupled in a physiological or genetic sense.
Variation in Crown and Root Organic Reserves Among Lucerne Genotypes of Different Morphology and Flower Colour
Authors: Fornasier F. , Pecetti L. , Piano E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPrevious evidence indicates that differences in the concentration of underground organic reserves can drive the survival and growing ability of lucerne under cold and defoliation stresses. In order to provide the selection process with further information on compounds that may influence plant performance under grazing, we assessed variations in cold‐season concentrations of nitrogen and carbon reserves on genotypes that had been identified for morphological features that possibly enhance grazing tolerance. The selected genotypes encompassed distinct morphological patterns (defined as ‘models’) and different taxa within the Medicago sativa complex, as shown by different flower colours. Crown concentrations of reserves were determined on 90 genotypes, whereas root concentrations were measured on a subsample of 15 genotypes. Wide intergenotypic variation was observed for all reserve substances. Comparisons among models and among flower colour classes highlighted the high concentrations of crown carbohydrates and root and crown‐soluble proteins of the model coded as ‘D1’, characterized by prostrate, rhizomatous habit and long dormancy, which largely corresponded to plants with yellow or variegated flowers, typical of ssp. falcata and × varia, respectively. There was a strong ‘flower colour × storage organ’ interaction for sugar concentration, and the results suggested a preferential compartment of sugars in the roots of purple‐flowered genotypes that belonged to the ssp. sativa. A rank correlation analysis indicated a positive relationship between persistence after two years under grazing of half‐sib progenies deriving from 19 genotypes out of the 90 and crown concentrations of carbohydrates of the 19 mother plants.
Relationships between Yield and Quality Parameters of Malting Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Phenological and Meteorological Data
Authors: Schelling K. , Born K. , Weissteiner C. , Kühbauch W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn this study, phenological and meteorological data have been used to interpret variations in a time series of regional average yields and quality parameters of malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L). The analyses were focused mainly on the grain filling period. Duration and occurrence of this development stage showed remarkable differences from year to year, as heading varied over more than four weeks and yellow ripeness over two weeks in the investigation period from 1974 to 1996. Yields above average were achieved only in years when grain filling duration exceeded 42 d. Protein concentrations below 10.5 % and grading percentages over 90 % required at least 44 d of grain filling. Temperature had the strongest influence on the length of grain filling, even though the calculated Growing Degree Days (base temperature 3 °C) were not absolutely constant. Mean daily temperature and relative air humidity were the best estimators with respect to grain yield. An optimum temperature range was found between 14 and 18 °C. Assuming a linear relationship, yield reductions between 4.1 and 5.7 % have been calculated for every 1 °C increase of the mean daily temperature. Relative air humidity was the best single estimator for grain protein concentration. The results of this study suggest that relative humidity during grain filling can be a more suitable parameter to describe drought stress effects than precipitation amounts from heading to yellow ripeness or from January 1 to yellow ripeness.
Photosynthetic Acclimation and Productivity of Mungbean Cultivars under Elevated CO2 Concentration
Authors: Sharma‐Natu P. , Pandurangam V. , Ghildiyal M. C 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] cultivars (Pusa Baisakhi, PS 16 and P 105) were grown in field at atmospheric (360 ± 10 ppm, AC) and elevated CO2 (650 ± 50 ppm, EC) concentrations inside open top chambers for entire period of growth and development till maturity. Leaf net photosynthesis rate (PN) of AC and EC grown plants when compared at same CO2 concentration showed no significant down‐regulation of PN in EC plants. In cv. P 105, even up‐regulation of PN was observed in EC plants. Mungbean cultivars accumulated assimilates in the leaves during the day mostly in the form of starch. Nodule number and weight were also higher in EC plants. The positive effect of elevated CO2 on PN, dry‐matter production and seed yield was better expressed in cv. P 105 having greater podding ability.
Biotypes of Hessian fly (Dipt., Cecidomyiidae) in Morocco
Authors: Naber N. , El Bouhssini M. , Lhaloui S. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract:Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is the most important insect pest of wheat in Morocco, where host plant resistance has been used successfully for control. Our objective was to determine the frequency of Hessian fly virulence on H5, H13 and H22 resistance genes. Five Hessian fly populations from the principal cereal‐growing regions in Morocco were studied. The variability in percentage of susceptible plants across Hessian fly populations was highly significant (P < 0.01), indicating differences in virulence frequencies. Plants with the H13 gene had the lowest percentage of susceptible plants, 1.77 and 1.51%, when infested with Hessian flies from Fes and Marchouch, respectively. A low level of virulence to H22 was detected in Fes, Abda and Marchouch populations, 1.87, 1.54 and 1.99% susceptible plants, respectively. The level of virulence to H5 was low in all the five populations. The Beni Mellal population gave the highest percentage of susceptible plants carrying H13 and H22 genes, 6.43 and 7.28%, respectively. The size of live larvae on susceptible plants of the three cultivars carrying H5, H13 and H22 was similar to that of the susceptible check, indicating that a true virulence (biotype) is developing in Hessian fly populations in Morocco. Thus, continuous monitoring of the development of Hessian fly biotypes is essential for optimal deployment of resistance genes.
Effects of Hypothyroidism on the Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow Response to Contractions
Authors: Bausch L. , McAllister R. M. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryHypothyroidism is associated with impaired blood flow to skeletal muscle under whole body exercise conditions. It is unclear whether poor cardiac and/or vascular function account for blunted muscle blood flow. Our experiment isolated a small group of hindlimb muscles and simulated exercise via tetanic contractions. We hypothesized that muscle blood flow would be attenuated in hypothyroid rats (HYPO) compared with euthyroid rats (EUT). Rats were made hypothyroid by mixing propylthiouracil in their drinking water (2.35 × 10−3 mol/l). Treatment efficacy was evidenced by lower serum T3concentrations and resting heart rates in HYPO (bothP<0.05). In the experimental preparation, isometric contractions of the lower right hindlimb muscles at a rate of 30 tetani/min were induced via sciatic nerve stimulation. Regional blood flows were determined by the radiolabelled microsphere method at three time points: rest, 2 min of contractions and 10 min of contractions. Muscle blood flow generally increased from rest (∼5–10  ml/min per 100 g) through contractions for both groups. Further, blood flow during contractions did not differ between groups for any muscle (eg. red section of gastrocnemius muscle; EUT, 59.9 ± 14.1; HYPO, 61.1 ± 15.0; NS between groups). These findings indicate that hypothyroidism does not significantly impair skeletal muscle blood flow when only a small muscle mass is contracting. Our findings suggest that impaired blood flow under whole body exercise is accounted for by inadequate cardiac function rather than abnormal vascular function.
Extranodal Lymphoblastic Lymphoma of Suspected B‐Cell Lineage in the Gingiva of a Racehorse, accompanied by Mandibular Osteolysis
Authors: Oikawa M. , Ohishi H. , Katayama Y. , Kushiro A. , Yoshikawa H. , Yoshikawa T. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryA mass developed in the mandibular gingiva of a thoroughbred racehorse. When the horse could no longer eat unassisted, it was killed and immediately autopsied. Macroscopically, the mandible exhibited extensive osteolysis, with only a small amount of bone remaining around the tooth roots. The cut surface of the mass around the mandible consisted of neoplastic medullary tissue, in which osteogenesis was observed. The medullary tissue was composed of pleomorphic medium‐sized to large cells, interlaced by collagen bundles. These cells had large, pale, round or ovoid, sometimes cleaved nuclei, with one or two prominent nucleoli. Mitoses were numerous. Electron microscopy showed that the cells in the medullary tissues were similar in shape to undifferentiated lymphocytes. Immunohistochemically, these cells were positive for B‐cell associated antigen in the pre‐B‐cell stage. Our findings suggest that the horse had extranodal lymphoblastic lymphoma of suspected B‐cell lineage, possibly originating from the lymphatic system of the gingiva. We consider that the osteolysis resulted from activation of osteoclasts by proliferation of the tumour cells.
The new neighbour: Experiences of living next door to people suffering from long‐term mental illness
Authors: Granerud Arild , Severinsson Elisabeth 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTThe transition from hospital to community care for people with long‐term mental illness is of growing concern. The aim of the present study was to illuminate if and how people with long‐term mental illness have affected their neighbourhood after re‐establishing themselves in apartments of their own. Nineteen neighbours of group homes for people with long‐term mental illness, in seven different communities in eastern Norway, have been interviewed. The grounded theory procedures as well as the constant comparative method were employed to analyse the findings. From the data, one main category was identified: the need for information.
Burnout and job satisfaction: A comparative study of psychiatric nurses from forensic and a mainstream mental health service
Authors: Happell Brenda , Martin Trish , Pinikahana Jaya 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTWithin the nursing profession stress and burnout are considered to be widely present and problematic. These factors tend to impact negatively on job satisfaction and ultimately affect the retention of nurses. Psychiatric/mental health nursing as a specialty is considered to be a highly stressful environment; however, there is a paucity of research in this area. The current study adopted a survey design to compare forensic psychiatric nurses (n = 51) with psychiatric nurses from a mainstreamed mental health service (n = 78) in relation to burnout and job satisfaction. Forensic nurses displayed lower burnout and higher job satisfaction than their counterparts from the mainstreamed services. These findings are surprising in light of the image of forensic psychiatric nursing as dangerous and unpredictable.
Grief as a transformative experience: Weaving through different lifeworlds after a loved one has completed suicide
Authors: Fielden Jann M. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTUsing Heidegger's hermeneutic phenomenology informed by van Manen's and Benner's work, this research is an exploration and interpretation of the lived experiences of family members since they lost a close family member to suicidal death. Data from in‐depth interviews with six participants, the researcher's journal entries and published literature were analysed. Findings gave rise to a grief model where suicide survivors moved through four modes of being‐in‐the‐world characterized by 13 lifeworlds or themes. Surviving suicide was a transformative process that in time enabled survivors to discover new ways of understanding and relating to the world. The findings have implications for nurses and counsellors working in the area of suicide bereavement.
Randomized controlled trial to compare the dose of adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: KWOK PHILIP CHONG‐HEI , LAM TING WA , LAM POLLY WOON‐YEE , TANG KWOK WAI , CHAN SUSAN CHI‐HUM , HWANG JAMES SHU‐TAK , CHEUNG MOON TONG , TANG DONALD LAP‐CHIU , CHUNG THOMAS KAM‐MAN , CHIA NAM HUNG , WONG WONG KAN , CHAN MAN KWONG , LO HONG YUEN , LAM WAI MING 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground and Aim: Adjuvant locoregional chemotherapy has been shown to be useful to prevent recurrence after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in some retrospective studies. Our aim was to compare the dose effect in the prevention of tumor recurrence.Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in patients with curative resection of HCC; they were given either one intra‐arterial dose of cisplatin/lipiodol, or received four doses, once every 3 months. The rates of recurrence, disease‐free and overall survival were compared.Results: During a median follow up of 818 days, 21 patients received one dose and 19 received four doses, with 10 (47.6%) and eight (42.1%) recurrences, respectively. The 1‐year, 2‐year and 3‐year disease‐free survival rates were 71%, 54% and 44% for the one‐dose group and 74%, 60% and 40% for the four‐dose group (P = 0.78). The respective overall survival rates were 85%, 74%, 55% and 84%, 71%, 40% (P = 0.64). The only prognostic factor was presence of vascular permeation. The side‐effects were mild and tolerable.Conclusions: There is no significant difference in the survival rates between the two groups. Adjuvant chemotherapy may not be useful.© 2003 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Tension‐free vaginal tape for surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence: Two years follow‐up
Authors: Perk Hakki , Soyupek Sedat , Serel T Ahmet , Koşar Alim , Sayin Adnan , Hoşcan M Burak 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground: The objective was to study prospectively the effectiveness of tension‐free vaginal tape as an ambulatory and minimal invasive operation for the treatment of female stress incontinence.Methods: The tension‐free vaginal tape procedure was performed in 25 patients with genuine stress incontinence and they were followed for a 2‐year period. All patients were diagnosed with urodynamics to have genuine stress incontinence. Pad tests, cough stress test and quality‐of‐life assessments were carried out in all patients, both preoperatively and postoperatively. The majority of the women were discharged the morning after the surgical procedure.Results: Twenty of 25 (80%) patients were found to be cured 2 years after the operation. The vaginal tape was spontaneously dropped out from the vagina in one patient 2 weeks after the procedure. We did not see such a complication in previous studies.Conclusion: We conclude that the tension‐free vaginal tape procedure is both a safe and effective method to cure genuine female stress incontinence. Furthermore, it can be performed as an ambulatory procedure under local anesthesia with a short operative time.
Infected urachal cyst ruptured during medical palliation
Authors: Kojima Yasuyuki , Miyake Osamu , Taniwaki Hiromichi , Morimoto Akira , Takahashi Satoru , Fujiwara Ichiro 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSince most cases of urachal cyst are asymptomatic, they are frequently detected after complication by infection. Ruptured urachal cysts are frequently detected after complication by severe infections such as sepsis. We report on a 31‐year‐old man who was diagnosed preoperatively as having an infected urachal cyst and the decision was made to follow the patient because primary excision was scheduled to be performed a few days later. Symptoms were transiently relieved, but the cyst ruptured during medical palliation. We treated this case with a two‐stage surgical procedure.
Traumatic bladder rupture managed successfully by laparoscopic surgery
Authors: MATSUI YOSHIYUKI , OHARA HIROKI , ICHIOKA KENTARO , TERADA NAOKI , YOSHIMURA KOJI , TERAI AKITO 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA 61‐year‐old man presented to our emergency department with acute abdomen. The patient had extraperitoneal and intraperitoneal traumatic bladder injury, which was successfully managed with combined endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures.
Electrostimulation of sympathetic nerve fibers during nerve‐sparing laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in testicular tumor
Authors: KAIHO YASUHIRO , NAKAGAWA HARUO , TAKEUCHI AKIRA , ITO AKIHIRO , SATOH MAKOTO , KUROKAWA KOHEI , ARAI YOICHI 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA long‐handled pair of electrodes with sufficient length to allow stimulation during laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) was designed at our institute. We clinically utilized this electrode in the treatment of a 37‐year‐old patient with testicular tumor who underwent right orchidectomy and nerve‐sparing laparoscopic RPLND. During laparoscopic RPLND, sympathetic nerve fibers relevant to ejaculation were electrically stimulated and changes in pressure at the bladder neck were observed. Nerve preservation was confirmed by increased pressure at the bladder neck and ejaculation immediately after the electrostimulation. The application of laparoscopic electrostimulation may become widespread, particularly since it meets the increasing demand for minimally invasive surgery.