bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced number of Langerhans cells in oesophageal mucosa from AIDS patients
Authors: Charton‐Bain  , Terris  , Dauge  , Marche  , Walker  , Bouchaud  , Xerri  , Potet  
Published: March 2003

AimsThe oesophageal mucosa is a frequent target of opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Langerhans cells (LC) are known as a target and reservoir of HIV in the skin. The aim of this study was to characterize oesophageal LC in HIV‐infected patients.Methods and resultsThirty oesophageal biopsies were obtained from 29 patients (median age 35.5), all in stage IV of the HIV Center of Disease Control Classification. We performed histological assessment of the oesophageal mucosa and immunohistochemical detection of oesophageal LC using an anti‐CD1a antibody, followed by morphometric analysis. Biopsies from 17 noninfected patients were studied using the same procedure. LC in oesophageal mucosa of the HIV positive patients showed a significantly and dramatically decreased number (LC(N) median = 5.85/mm2) and surface/epithelial surface (LC (S) ratio = 0.09) when compared with HIV‐negative controls (LC(N) median = 29.7/mm2, LC(S) ratio = 1.83) with P = 0.003 for LC(N) and P < 0.0001 for LC(S).ConclusionThese data suggest that oesophageal LC are, like their epidermal counterparts, a preferential target for HIV infection. Their alterations may provide a clue to the pathogenesis of the decreased local oesophageal immunity and to the occurrence of opportunistic infections.
Metaplastic (infarcted) Warthin's tumour of the parotid gland: a possible consequence of fine needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Di Palma  , Simpson  , Skálová  , Michal  
Published: March 2003

AimsThe metaplastic (or infarcted) variant of Warthin's tumour is characterized by replacement of much of the original oncocytic epithelium by metaplastic squamous cells, along with areas of extensive necrosis, fibrosis and inflammatory change. The pathogenesis is unknown, but it is most likely to be vascular in origin. An association with a previous fine needle aspiration (FNA) has been suggested, and this is explored further.Methods and resultsNine metaplastic Warthin's tumours were collected from several centres: all arose in the parotid gland, and all showed the characteristic histological features. Eight had previously undergone FNA some 1–4 months before surgery; the other case had had an incisional biopsy.ConclusionsIt is important to recognize metaplastic Warthin's tumour, because the differential diagnoses of this benign neoplasm include mucoepidermoid and squamous carcinoma, both primary and metastatic. The tumours in this study followed FNA or biopsy, and we believe this association is unlikely to be coincidental. Although many metaplastic Warthin's tumours clearly arise spontaneously, we conclude that the balance of probabilities favours the view that FNA is capable of causing metaplastic change in a Warthin's tumour, and may have done so in these cases. If so, this previously unusual subtype will become increasingly common, as FNA becomes more widely used (and its value appreciated) in the investigation of patients with a mass in the neck.
c‐met tyrosine kinase receptor expression is associated with abnormal β‐catenin expression and favourable prognostic factors in invasive breast carcinoma
Authors: Nakopoulou  , Gakiopoulou  , Keramopoulos  , Giannopoulou  , Athanassiadou  , Mavrommatis  , Davaris  
Published: March 2003

AimsReceptor‐type tyrosine kinases are important in cell signal transduction and proliferation. Abnormal expression of tyrosine kinases often leads to malignant transformation. c‐met is a tyrosine kinase receptor and its ligand is hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). In this study, we have evaluated c‐met expression in 69 invasive breast carcinomas and statistically analysed this expression with known clinicopathological prognostic parameters and patients' survival. We also studied for the first time c‐met expression in association with E‐cadherin and β‐catenin expression.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemistry (ABC‐HRP method) was peformed for the detection of c‐met, E‐cadherin and β‐catenin. c‐met immunoreactivity was observed in 58% of cases and was associated with the lobular type of breast carcinomas (P = 0.012), low histological grade ductal carcinomas (P = 0.05), favourable prognostic and predictive factors such as oestrogen and progesterone receptor immunohistochemical expression and negative c‐erbB‐2 expression (P = 0.05, P = 0.014 and P = 0.03, respectively). c‐met immunoreactivity did not correlate with lymph node status, tumour size and stage of the disease. Cox's proportional hazard regression model demonstrated that tumours with positive c‐met immunoreactivity correlated significantly with favourable patients' survival (P = 0.028). When c‐met staining was compared with E‐cadherin and β‐catenin expression, a statistical significant correlation was established between c‐met immunoreactivity and abnormal β‐catenin expression (P = 0.025) suggesting possible involvement of c‐met in the downregulation of the E‐cadherin–catenin complex, possibly through tyrosine phosphorylation of β‐catenin.Conclusionc‐met immunohistochemical expression seems to be associated with abnormal β‐catenin expression, good prognostic and predictive factors and favourable outcome in breast cancer patients.
Cytokeratin 5/6 immunohistochemistry assists the differential diagnosis of atypical proliferations of the breast
Authors: Otterbach F , Bànkfalvi À , Bergner S , Decker T , Krech R , Boecker W 
Published: March 2003

Aims:This study was performed to determine the diagnostic value of keratin 5/6 (CK 5/6) immunophenotyping on routinely processed breast tissues.Methods and results:Six hundred and ninety‐nine breast lesions, including normal tissues as well as benign and malignant lesions in 321 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded samples from 158 different patients were investigated immunohistochemically, following wet autoclave pre‐treatment for antigen retrieval. In normal breast tissues, both myoepithelial and luminal epithelial cells expressed CK 5/6 in varying amounts. While myoepithelial immunoreactivity was most pronounced in the duct system, luminal epithelial immunoreactivity was strongest in the terminal duct lobular units. In ductal hyperplasias (DH), luminal epithelial cells predominantly revealed CK 5/6 immunoreaction. In contrast, neoplastic epithelial cells in atypical ductal and lobular hyperplasias (ADH and ALH) lacked such an expression, whereas in ductal in‐situ carcinomas (DCIS) and in infiltrating ductal carcinomas 3.7% and 7.7%, of the cases respectively, showed positive immunostaining for CK 5/6.Conclusions:Immunophenotyping of keratin 5/6 expression can be helpful in the diagnosis of atypical hyperplasias and in‐situ carcinomas of the breast. It is particularly valuable in the differential diagnosis between benign and atypical proliferative lesions.
Cytokeratin profile relates to histological subtypes and intrahepatic location of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and primary sites of metastatic adenocarcinoma of liver
Authors: Shimonishi T , Miyazaki K , Nakanuma Y 
Published: March 2003

AimsWe evaluated the cytokeratin profile of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with respect to its histological classification and intrahepatic location (peripheral vs. hilar), and compared its profile with that of a variety of metastatic adenocarcinomas in liver.Methods and resultsExpression of cytokeratins 7, 8, 18, 19 and 20 was immunohistochemically examined in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (n = 77) and metastatic adenocarcinoma in liver (21 colorectal, 14 gastric, three gallbladder and three pancreatic cancers). Materials were autopsy or surgical specimens. Cytokeratins 7, 8, 18 and 19 were expressed in 75 (97%), 75 (97%), 59 (77%) and 71 (92%) cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, respectively. Moderate and extensive expression of cytokeratin 18 was more frequent in the peripheral than in the hilar type. Moderate and extensive expression of cytokeratin 19 was seen in almost all cases of well‐differentiated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, while expression was decreased relatively in the moderately and decreased more in the poorly differentiated cases. While cytokeratin 20 was not found in non‐neoplastic biliary epithelia or in well‐differentiated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, this cytokeratin was occasionally detectable in moderately and poorly differentiated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas and its expression was more frequent in the hilar type. Cytokeratin 20 expression was observed in 17 (81%) of metastatic adenocarcinomas in liver from colorectal regions, to a lesser degree in those from gastric regions, and was rare in those from gallbladder and pancreatic regions; cytokeratin 7 showed a reverse expression pattern in these metastatic adenocarcinomas in liver. The profile of cytokeratins 7 and 20 of metastatic colorectal and gastric carcinomas differed from that for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, while that of metastatic gallbladder and pancreatic carcinoma was similar to that for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. Moreover, cytokeratin 18 and 19 expression was significantly infrequent in metastatic gastric carcinomas than in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas and metastatic colorectal carcinomas.ConclusionThe combined immunostaining of cytokeratins 7, 18, 19 and 20 is useful for the characterization of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas with respect to histological subtypes and intrahepatic location. It helps to differentiate intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from metastatic adenocarcinomas in liver and from colorectal and gastric regions; it also indicates the primary focus metastatic adenocarcinomas in livers.
Hepatocellular carcinoma with lymphoid stroma: a tumour with good prognosis after liver transplantation
Authors: Emile J‐F , Adam R , Sebagh M , Marchadier E , Falissard B , Dussaix E , Bismuth H , Reynès M 
Published: March 2003

Carcinomas with lymphoid stroma arising in non‐liver‐organs have a better prognosis than other carcinomas and may be associated with Epstein–Barr virus. We determined the frequency, characteristics and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinomas with lymphoid stroma.Histology of the livers of 162 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, who underwent an orthotopic liver transplantation, was reviewed independently by three pathologists. Hepatocellular carcinoma with lymphoid stroma was diagnosed when all tumour samples contained more lymphocytes than tumour cells. Epstein–Barr virus was detected by in‐situ hybridization and by polymerase chain reaction. Five patients (3.6%) were classified as hepatocellular carcinomas with lymphoid stroma. All patients were males. Cirrhosis was present in four/five patients. Serum alpha‐fetoprotein levels were normal. Inter‐observer histological reproducibility was good. Tumour cells did not contain Epstein–Barr virus. The five patients were alive without tumour at three years, although two of them had adverse prognostic factors at the time of transplantation (more than one tumour with a diameter ≥40 mm). Only one patient had tumour recurrence, but he survived 7.6 years post‐transplantation. The 5‐year survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with lymphoid stroma was better than that of the patients with other types of hepatocellular carcinomas (P = 0.04).: Hepatocellular carcinoma with lymphoid stroma should be considered as a distinct clinicopathological and prognostic entity.
Epstein–Barr virus in gastric carcinomas with lymphoid stroma
Authors: Chang M S , Kim W H , Kim C W , Kim Y I 
Published: March 2003

AimsTo clarify the relationship between the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (GCLS) in Koreans, and to characterize the EBV‐positive GCLS.Methods and resultsEBV infection was examined using EBER in‐situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction in 45 cases of GCLS among Koreans, and in 292 consecutive cases of gastric carcinomas without lymphoid stroma (non‐GCLS) as controls. EBV infection was found in 30 tumours (67%) of GCLS and 10 tumours (3.4%) of non‐GCLS (P < 0.05). EBV‐positive GCLS was more prevalent in males, poorly differentiated histological type and diffuse type in Lauren's classification, and tended to be located more in the middle third of the stomach than EBV‐negative GCLS (P < 0.05). p53 overexpression was observed in 22% of GCLS (17% of EBV‐positive GCLS and 33% of EBV‐negative GCLS), and 34% of non‐GCLS (EBV‐positive GCLS vs. non‐GCLS: P = 0.056). The survival of the patient with GCLS was not correlated with EBV infection or p53 immunoexpression (follow‐up period: 11–97 months).ConclusionsGCLS in Koreans is strongly associated with EBV infection. The prognosis in GCLS is not dependent upon either the status of EBV infection or the status of p53 immunoexpression.
Peripheral T/NK‐cell lymphoma: a report of the IXth Workshop of the European Assocation for Haematopathology
Authors: Kluin P M , Feller A , Gaulard P , Jaffe E S , Meijer C J L M , Müller‐Hermelink H K , Pileri S 
Published: March 2003

In April 1998, The European Association for Haematopathology organized the IXth workshop on peripheral T‐cell and NK‐cell lymphomas and leukaemias. The workshop focused on unusual subtypes of these rare malignancies, allowing evaluation of the recently published WHO classification of neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissues.  One‐hundred and three cases were centrally immunophenotyped and hybridized for EBER1/2 of Epstein–Barr virus. All cases were reviewed by a panel of experienced haematopathologists and classified according to the new WHO classification for lymphoid neoplasms. Three cases were considered as precursor T‐cell and 95 cases as peripheral T/NK‐cell lymphoma/leukaemia. Although the cases represented a selected series of unusual cases, the following conclusions could be made: (i) Most lymphomas except the hepatosplenic γ/δ T‐cell lymphomas showed a rather broad morphological spectrum, with differences both between and within individual tumours. (ii) This heterogeneity was also reflected by the immunophenotype, for instance a variable expression of CD30 was found in many enteropathy type T‐cell lymphomas. (iii) Exceptions in phenotype were regularly found in almost all categories, indicating that phenotype should not be the final determining factor in classification. (iv) The great majority of T‐cell lymphomas expressed the α/β T‐cell receptor, with the exception of all but one hepatosplenic T‐cell lymphomas and a few other extranodal peripheral T cell lymphomas. (v) Malignancies of precursor cells, blastic NK‐cell lymphoma/leukaemia, adult T‐cell lymphoma/leukaemia and most AIL‐type T‐cell lymphomas did not express cytotoxic molecules such as TIA1 and granzyme‐B. In contrast, all five aggressive NK/T‐cell lymphomas/leukaemias, a single case of large granular lymphocyte leukaemia and 40 of 47 primary extranodal lymphoma/leukaemias expressed these molecules. In hepatosplenic γ/δ T‐cell lymphoma, five of six cases showed expression of TIA1 but not of granzyme‐B. (vi) Seven tumours developed after organ‐transplant, four cases being EBV‐positive. No distinct phenotype could be attributed to these cases.Most peripheral T/NK cell lymphomas could be categorized as distinct entities as described in the recently proposed WHO classification for lymphoid neoplasms.
Interpretation of ileal biopsies: morphological features in normal and diseased mucosa
Authors: Cuvelier C , Demetter P , Mielants H , Veys E M , De Vos M 
Published: March 2003

One of the advantages of flexible colonoscopy is that the terminal ileum can easily be reached and biopsied by an experienced operator. Thus, the pathologist will, with increasing frequency, receive ileal biopsies from patients who have or may not have ileal disease and it is therefore useful to have a good knowledge of the spectrum of ileal mucosal histology and pathology, of its normal function, and of the changes seen in different conditions. It is also desirable to be aware of diseases that occur less frequently.The ileal microscopic features are related to its absorptive function on the one hand, and to non‐specific and specific defence mechanisms of the organism against potential hazardous components on the other. As a consequence the mucosa features a constant physiological and controlled inflammatory process. Part of the ileal mucosal structure is determined by the presence of the gut‐associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) which plays a key role in discriminating harmless nutrients and harmful pathogens.It will be important to distinguish this normal situation from alterations seen in infectious or inflammatory pathology. Further, because of the therapeutic implications, it is necessary that acute and chronic (idiopathic) inflammation are recognized. This will in general be possible by evaluating the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate and the occurrence of epithelial and mucosal architectural changes.
Apocrine adenosis of the breast: clonal evidence of neoplasia
Authors: Endoh Y , Tamura G , Kato N , Motoyama T 
Published: March 2003

We report here a case of apocrine adenosis of the breast in a 66‐year‐old woman. To clarify the nature of this lesion, we examined it by clonal analysis.The lesion, 43 mm at its greatest dimension, was ill‐circumscribed, lacking a fibrous capsule, and was composed of compact glands that showed typical histological features of apocrine adenosis. Clonality analysis, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based method for females heterozygous for a BstXI polymorphism of the X‐linked phosphoglycerokinase (PGK) gene, revealed the monoclonal nature of the lesion.This result strongly suggests that some populations of apocrine adenosis are already neoplastic, and this could contribute to the premalignant potential of this lesion.
Spitzoid malignant melanoma in teenagers: an entity with no better prognosis than that of other forms of melanoma
Authors: Fabrizi G , Massi G 
Published: March 2003

Spitzoid malignant melanoma in teenagers: an entity with no better prognosis than that of other forms of melanoma Aims: A rare form of melanoma in teenagers closely simulates Spitz naevus and is claimed to have a good prognosis. The aim of this study is to identify the clues for a confident diagnosis of this entity and to confirm the peculiarly good prognosis. Methods and results: Two cases of melanoma with Spitzoid features were compared with Spitz naevus and it was found that the major distinctive criteria are: mitoses and single cell necrosis in the deepest part of the lesion, cellular and particularly nuclear and nucleolar pleomorphism, and growth pattern in solid sheets of cells. More subtle clues were the asymmetric distribution of pigment and the thinning of the epidermis with parakeratosis and exudate in the cornified layer. Both of the lesions reached the mid‐dermis. There was a fatal outcome in both patients after generalized metastatic spread. The metastatic disease in one of the cases appeared 15 years after the excision of the primary lesion. Conclusions: Spitzoid melanoma in teenagers can be distinguished from Spitz naevus if strict criteria are followed. Spitzoid melanoma does not show a better prognosis than other types of melanoma if the follow‐up is prolonged enough.
Expression of MUC1 and MUC2 and carbohydrate antigen Tn change during malignant transformation of biliary papillomatosis
Authors: Amaya S , Sasaki M , Watanabe Y , Tsui W M S , Tsuneyama K , Harada K , Nakanuma Y 
Published: March 2003

Expression of MUC1 and MUC2 and carbohydrate antigen Tn change during malignant transformation of biliary papillomatosis Aim: Biliary papillomatosis is characterized by papillary proliferations of biliary lining cells without invasion or metastasis. The neoplastic character and biological behaviour of this disease remain still speculative. These issues were examined in this study. Methods and results: Mucin core protein MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC5AC and carbohydrate antigens (T, Tn and sialosyl Tn) were immunohistochemically examined, using 11 lesions of biliary papillomatosis from seven patients, and five lesions of biliary papillomatosis with foci of carcinoma from four patients. Five cases of papillary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and 12 histologically normal livers were used as a control. Patients with biliary papillomatosis alone or with carcinoma were middle‐aged or elderly (five men and six women). Microscopically, biliary papillomatosis showed a villous, papillo‐tubular, papillary, or papillo‐villous pattern with a thin fibrovascular core. Cytologically, they were classifiable into biliary epithelial or pyloric gland‐like type. The former was frequent in the cases associated with carcinoma. Expression of MUC1, Tn antigen and sialosyl Tn antigen was frequent and marked in biliary papillomatosis alone and with carcinoma and also intrahepatic papillary carcinoma. In addition, marked expression of MUC1 and Tn antigen were rather frequent in biliary papillomatosis with carcinoma and intrahepatic biliary papillary carcinoma compared with biliary papillomatosis. MUC2 was rather frequent and marked in biliary papillomatosis alone compared to other two disease groups. Focal expression of MUC5AC and MUC2 was rather frequent and infrequent irrespective of disease group, respectively. Focal expression of T antigen was frequent in papillary ICC. Conclusion: Biliary papillomatosis could undergo overt malignant transformation along with altered phenotypic expression of MUC proteins and mucin carbohydrate antigens.
Combined use of novel epithelial (MOC‐31) and mesothelial (HBME‐1) immunohistochemical markers for optimal first line diagnostic distinction between mesothelioma and metastatic carcinoma in pleura
Authors: González‐Lois C , Ballestín C , Sotelo M T , López‐Ríos F , García‐Prats M D , Villena V 
Published: March 2003

Combined use of novel epithelial (MOC‐31) and mesothelial (HBME‐1) immunohistochemical markers for optimal first line diagnostic distinction between mesothelioma and metastatic carcinoma in pleura Aims: To determine the value of immunohistochemistry in differentiation of malignant pleural mesothelioma from carcinoma in a pleural biopsy we optimized a double panel of MOC‐31 and HBME‐1 and compared the results with others from the literature. Methods and results: A multi‐antibody panel was applied to biopsy samples from 44 cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma and 23 cases of carcinoma metastatic to the pleura. We used monoclonal antibodies against keratins, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), epithelial antigen Ber‐EP4, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tumour‐associated glycoprotein (B72.3), LeuM1, vimentin, desmin, epithelial related antigen (MOC‐31) and mesothelial cell (HBME‐1). Positivity for MOC‐31 and Ber‐EP4 was found to have the highest nosologic sensitivity (94.1% and 84.6%, respectively) and specificity (86.3% both antibodies) for carcinoma. Positive staining for HBME‐1 and vimentin had the highest sensitivity (90.9% and 100%, respectively) and specificity (91.3% and 60%, respectively) for mesothelioma. A two‐marker antibody panel with HBME‐1 and MOC‐31 was the most efficient for the distinction between carcinoma and malignant pleural mesothelioma. Conclusion: A combination of MOC‐31 (an anti‐ epithelial marker) and HBME‐1 (an anti‐mesothelial marker) has a diagnostic efficiency of 76.1% for the distinction between carcinoma and mesothelioma in pleura.