bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Providers’ Mental Health: Experiences at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya
Authors: Ogello Vallery , Thuo Nicholas , Okello Phelix , Maina Gakuo , Kinuthia John , Ongeri Linnet , Mutua Paul , Mwenda Harrison , Mugo Nelly , Ngure Kenneth 
Published: December 2023

Background: In 2020, health providers were expected to provide care to individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) putting them at risk of acquiring COVID-19. The possibility of acquiring poorly understood infectious diseases while providing care may have an impact on the mental health of providers. We conducted a study to explore the effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of healthcare providers.
Methods: Between April and August 2021, we conducted in-depth interviews with 60 health providers in the infectious disease unit (IDU) and other units in the hospital (non-IDU). Health providers completed an online self-administered survey form with demographic data (age, sex, average income, and known contact with a COVID-19 patient). We used semi-structured interview guides to understand health providers’ lived experiences with stress, anxiety, depression, and their associated factors. We transcribed interviews verbatim, coded and analyzed the transcripts to derive thematic concepts related to mental health experiences.
Results: Health providers had a median age of 37 years, [IQR 20.0-58.0], 56.7% were female, 30.0% nurses, 18.3% medical doctors, and 11.7% laboratory technologists. Health providers reported increased stress during the pandemic attributed to high demand for patient care, changes in social life, and fear of COVID-19 infection. They also reported experiences of anxiety and depression as a result of limited knowledge at the beginning of the pandemic and the perception that ‘COVID-19 resulted in death’. Testing positive for COVID-19, high exposure to COVID-19 risks, and death of patients and colleagues reportedly affected health providers’ mental health. Additionally, health providers reported mental health support through debriefing meetings, peer-to-peer support, and psychological counseling with privacy and confidentiality concerns.
Conclusion: Health providers faced mental health issues such as stress and anxiety while taking care of COVID-19 patients. An effective mental health response requires institutional practices that address context-specific challenges such as privacy and confidentiality.
TNF-α Inhibitors Rescue APS-Induced Dangerous Pregnancies by Reducing the Risk of Miscarriage: A Report of 7 Cases
Authors: An Ran , Wang Xiaolei , Xiong Ligui , Yang Yanqi , Li Peiling 
Published: December 2023

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a group of autoimmune diseases caused by antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) characterized by arteriovenous thrombosis and a morbid pregnancy. We deliberated a case report of seven cases to investigate whether inhibitors of tissue necrosis factor-α could reduce pregnancy dangers caused by APS.
The seven patients are with increased tumor necrosis factor, poor improvement after receiving traditional inhibitory drugs. To address these situations, the tumor necrosis factor inhibitors were prescribed after getting the patient&#039;s informed consent, and the state of illness was carefully watched for. After treatment, symptoms of contractions and abdominal pain disappeared and the B ultrasound examination showed embryo survived with good obstetric outcomes. Subsequently, maternal and neonatal health is compromised. An intervention by the administration of TNF-α inhibitors was posited to be an effective way of reducing dangerous pregnancies like preterm pregnancies, premature deliveries, abortions and miscarriages.
We reviewed outcomes from seven cases in an attempt to establish how TNF- α Inhibitors could save pregnancies. We focused on key pregnancy outcomes like birth weight, gestational weeks and preterm miscarriage to tell the outcomes of TNF- α Inhibitors in pregnancy. After careful evaluation of the results surrounding these aspects, we found that TNF- α Inhibitors could prolong gestational period. Other positive outcomes include the attainment of birth weights approach the threshold, zero incidence of preterm miscarriage.
Outcome Following Intramedullary Nailing of Tibial Diaphyseal Fractures
Authors: Makaram Navnit S. , Sheppard James , Leow Jun M. , Oliver William M. , Keating John F. 
Published: December 2023

Update
This article was updated on April 24, 2024 because of a previous omission, which was discovered after the preliminary version of the article was posted online. Specifically, the following blurb has been added to the first page of the PDF: “A Commentary by Thomas A. DeCoster, MD, is linked to the online version of this article.”

Background:
The primary aim of this study was to compare the radiographic parameters (nail insertion-point accuracy [NIPA] and fracture malalignment) of patients who had undergone tibial intramedullary nailing via the suprapatellar (SP) and infrapatellar (IP) approaches. The secondary aims were to compare clinical outcomes and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between these approaches.

Methods:
All adult patients with an acute tibial diaphyseal fracture who underwent intramedullary nailing at a single level-I trauma center over a 4-year period (2017 to 2020) were retrospectively identified. The nailing approach (SP or IP) was at the treating surgeon’s discretion. Intraoperative and immediate postoperative radiographs were reviewed to assess NIPA (mean distance from the optimal insertion point) and malalignment (≥5°). Medical records and radiographs were reviewed to evaluate the rates of malunion, nonunion, and other postoperative complications. The Oxford and Lysholm Knee Scores (OKS and LKS) and patient satisfaction (0 = completely dissatisfied, 100 = completely satisfied) were obtained via a postal survey at a minimum of 1 year postoperatively.

Results:
The cohort consisted of 219 consecutive patients (mean age, 48 years [range, 16 to 90 years], 51% [112] male). There were 61 patients (27.9%) in the SP group and 158 (72.1%) in the IP group. The groups did not differ in baseline demographic or injury-related variables. SP nailing was associated with superior coronal NIPA (p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI] for IP versus SP, 1.17 to 3.60 mm) and sagittal NIPA (p < 0.001; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.97 mm) and with a reduced rate of malalignment (3% [2 of 61] versus 11% [18 of 158] for IP; p = 0.030). PROs were available for 118 of 211 patients (56%; 32 of 58 in the SP group and 86 of 153 in the IP group) at a mean of 3 years (range, 1.2 to 6.5 years). There was no difference between the SP and IP groups in mean OKS (36.5 versus 39.6; p = 0.246), LKS (71.2 versus 73.5; p = 0.696), or satisfaction scores (81.4 versus 79.9; p = 0.725).

Conclusions:
Compared with IP nailing, SP nailing of tibial shaft fractures was associated with superior NIPA and a reduced rate of intraoperative malalignment but not of malunion at healing. However, the superior NIPA may not be clinically important. Furthermore, there were no differences in PROs at mid-term follow-up.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A facile Tn5-HTGTS protocol to clone chromosomal structural variants
Authors: Shang Yafang , Huang Min Emma , Qin Yining , Meng Fei-Long 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Here we describe the protocol for Tn5-mediated high-throughput genome-wide translocation sequencing (Tn5-HTGTS). Tn5-HTGTS combines Tn5-tagmentation and translocation-cloning to capture genome-wide translocations from the intended bait sites (Fig. 1). Firstly, genomic DNA was tagmented with Tn5. Next, a biotin-tagged primer was used to enrich the translocation junctions. The products were subsequently amplified with an additional primer and digested to block uncut sequences. The translocation fragments were amplified and barcoded for next-generation sequencing using nested PCR and tag PCR.
Contrast-Free Super-Resolution Microvascular Imaging Based on Ultra-High-Frequency Ultrasound: Erythrocyte Ultrasound Localization Microscopy
Authors: Huang Chih-Chung , Li Cheng-Wei , Huang Hsin , Chen De-Quan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) has been proposed for super-resolution microvascular imaging but its limitations are low temporal resolution and microbubble injection requirements. To address these drawbacks, a contrast-free erythrocyte-ULM (eULM) was proposed based on high-frequency ultrasound here. We demonstrate eULM exhibts a comparable spatial resolution to ULM but with much higher temporal resolution. eULM is the first in vivo ultrasound microvascular imaging of achieving a microscopic resolution without microbubble injection.
How is tailored implementation undertaken using a self-guided toolkit? Qualitative study of the ItFits-toolkit in the ImpleMentAll project
Authors: Finch Tracy , Potthoff Sebastian , May Carl R , Girling Melissa , Perkins Neil , Vis Christiaan , Bührmann Leah , Etzelmueller Anne , Genugten Claire Rosalie van , Schuurmans Josien , Piera-Jiménez Jordi , Rapley Tim 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background.The process of tailored implementation is ill-defined and under-explored. The ItFits-toolkit was developed and subsequently tested as a self-guided online platform to facilitate implementation of tailored strategies for internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) services. In ImpleMentAll, ItFits-toolkit had a small but positive effect on the primary outcome of iCBT normalisation. This paper investigates, from a qualitative perspective, how implementation teams developed and undertook tailored implementation using the toolkit within the trial.Methods.Implementation teams in thirteen sites from nine countries (Europe and Australia) used the ItFits-toolkit for six months minimum. Sufficient engagement was evident. Descriptive data regarding goals, barriers, strategies, and implementation plans collected within the toolkit informed qualitative data collection in real time. Qualitative data included remote longitudinal interviews (n=55) with implementation team members (n=30) and observations of support calls (n=19) with study sites. Qualitative data were analysed thematically, using a team-based approach.Results.Implementation teams developed and executed tailored implementation projects across all steps in the toolkit process. Working in a structured way but with room for flexibility, decisions were shaped by team members’ ideas and goals, iterative stakeholder engagement, internal and external influences, and the context of the ImpleMentAll project. Although teams reported some positive impacts of their projects, ‘time’, both for undertaking the work, and for seeing project impacts, was described as a key factor in decisions about implementation strategies and assessments of success.Conclusion.This study responds directly to McHugh et al.’s (2022) call for empirical description of what implementation tailoring looks like in action, in service settings. Self-guided facilitation of tailored implementation enables implementers in service settings to undertake tailoring within their organisations. Implementation tailoring takes considerable time and involves detailed work but can be supported through the provision of implementation science informed guidance and materials, iterative and ongoing stakeholder engagement, and working reflectively in response to external influencing factors. Directions for advancement of tailored implementation are suggested.
Dechlorination of cellulose and polyvinyl chloride by torrefaction and characterization of product escape
Authors: Li Hao , Wang Lei , Chen Meng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cellulose, which is the main constituent of both PVC and biomass, was chosen for investigation in this study. The process of torrefaction was employed to eliminate the elemental chlorine in PVC. Firstly, the co-pyrolysis process of cellulose and PVC was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis to determine the effect of different ratios and identify an appropriate torrefaction temperature. torrefaction experiments were then conducted on cellulose and PVC with various mixing ratios to assess the removal rate of chlorine in the co-mixed compounds. Additionally, the pyrolysis products of cellulose and PVC were analyzed using thermogravimetric-infrared coupling technique. The experiment demonstrated that when mixing cellulose with PVC in a ratio of 9:1, the blend experienced weight loss at temperatures ranging from 279.65-404.72°C. Moreover, the total weight loss was 94.32%, while chlorine removal reached 99.18% following torrefaction at a temperature of 300°C for 90 minutes. At 340°C during PVC pyrolysis, the HCl absorption degree was 0.1213. In the case of co-pyrolysis, the HCl absorption degree of the two co-pyrolysates was only 0.0037 at 322°C. This indicates that the combined pyrolysis of the two components would result in the early escape of HCl, while reducing the amount of HCl escaping.
Mitigation of legacy effects in invaded soil using alien plant-derived biochar
Authors: Li Weitao , Ning Hui , Li Yangping , Zhang Mingzhu , Wang Ruifang , Zheng Yulong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
The introduction of non-native plant species often leads to extensive colonization of land and poses a threat to the already limited resources of arable land. Restoring invaded land and improving soil fertility are therefore essential.
Methods
In this study, biochar from invader Chromolaena odorata and fungicide were jointly used to improve soil invaded by this species.
Results
The results show that fungicide increase the total biomass of the subsequent plants grown in the invaded soil. The soil fungicide reduces the occurrence of pathogenic fungi in invaded soil and at the same time promotes the recruitment of mycorrhizal fungi and saprophytic fungi by the plants. The addition of biochar to the invaded soil has a negative legacy effect on subsequent invasive plants, while it exerts a positive enhancement effect on native plants. The simultaneous application of biochar and fungicide to soils invaded by alien plants can effectively diminish the competitive advantage of invasive species, while biochar can markedly increase the competitive advantage of native plants.
Conclusions
This study proposes a remediation method for legacy effect after alien plant invasion that not only effectively controls the spread of alien plants, but also improves soil fertility and increases economic benefits.
Sedimentary distribution of particles in Malan loess under wind power
Authors: Yang Jinduo , Li Xi-An , Wang Weiping , Chai Hao , An Mingxiao , Dai Qianyi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The distribution law of dust particles under the action of wind is of great significance for the transport and settlement of loess in ancient environment and the study of modern sand and dust on environmental pollution. Based on wind tunnel test, physical model and numerical simulation, the particle transport deposition process was studied, and the following conclusions were obtained through mutual verification: (1) The particle size information in wind tunnel test shows that the smaller the particle size is. (2) Through the physical model, it is deduced that the ideal transport distance of dust particles is inversely proportional to the second square of particle diameter, which is well verified by the experimental results in this paper; (3) In the experiment, the grain size distribution curve of sedimentary particles is bimodal, which is a strong proof that the source area of particles and the transport path are the same in the loess area; The curve is a right-sided curve of normal distribution, which is the same as the grain gradation curve of undisturbed loess in northwest China. We believe that the reason for this trend is the different deposition rates of coarse and fine particles. (4) In the numerical simulation, we observed the influence of rising wind and other conditions on the distribution of sedimentary particles, which has certain reference significance for the actual dust transport process.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of 8-(piperazin-1-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine Derivatives as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Antioxidants
Authors: Wei Ben-Ben , Du Wen-Rong , Guo Xin-Yuan , Lan Yong , Shang Pan-Pan , Wang Xiao-Ke , Ma Zhengyue 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A series of 8-(piperazin-1-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives were designed and synthesized as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and antioxidants for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Moreover, the biological evaluation results demonstrated that these synthesized compounds exhibited moderate inhibitory activities toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and radical scavenging activities. Among them, 23l was the most potent AChE inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.55 µM, which was higherthe IC50 value 5.01 of galantamine as the reference compound; while 23g had the best antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 36.28 µM, which was lower than IC50 value of ascorbic acid as the control drug. Furthermore, the results of molecular docking studies indicate that 23l can simultaneously bind to both catalytic active site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE, which was consistent with the mixed inhibition pattern shown by enzyme kinetic studies. The interaction’s stability of 23l-AChE/BChE were also assessed using a conventional atomistic 100 ns dynamics simulation study, which revealed the conformational stability of representative compound 23l in the cavity of the AChE. In addition, the molecular properties of all compounds were predicted online through the molinspiration server, and the best active compound 23l matched the properties of most orally administered drugs. Based on the biological activity and molecular properties, compound 23l as AChEIs is valuable for further development.
The study on the purification of waste graphite thermal field material of FZ-Si crystal
Authors: Zhang Yonghang , Chen Zhengjie , Xie Keqiang , Chen Xiaowei , Hu Yiyou , Ma Wenhui 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The rapid development of the photovoltaic industry has led to increased demand for monocrystalline silicon. Numerous waste graphite devices are generated in the process of crystal pulling, and the waste graphite thermal field contains the largest proportion of graphite. Reports on graphite purification from the waste graphite thermal for photovoltaic crystal pulling are relatively rare. In this study, we purified waste graphite using a combined process of ferric induction roasting and acid-leaching. Overall, HPG with a fixed carbon content of more than 99.9% was obtained after the sample was subjected to HCl and HF leaching at a temperature of 1300℃, an iron ratio of 30%, and roasting time of 90 min through induction hardening roasting with ball milling mixture as raw material.The removal rates of Si, Fe, Al, Mg, Zn, Ni, Ti Ca, and Na were 99.58, 99.56, 99.89, 98.32, 99.26, 99.47, 99.62, 98.48, and 98.98%, respectively. Meanwhile, the high-purity graphite carbon (HPG) products with a purity of 99.98% were obtained.
A phase 2 trial of peri-operative avelumab and chemotherapy for locally advanced gastro-esophageal adenocarcinoma: Association of AGR2/AP-1 complex CD8 T-cells and M2-Tumour Associated Macrophages with treatment response
Authors: Ferri Lorenzo , Alcindor Thierry , Tankel James , Fiset Pierre , Pal Sanjima , Opu Touhid , Strasser Michael , Dehghani Mehrnoush , Bertos Nicholas , Zuo Dongmei , Mueller Carmen , Cools-Lartigue Jonathan , Hickeson Marc , Marcus Victoria , Camilleri-Broët Sophie , Spatz Alan , Evaristo Gertruda , Farag Mina , Artho Giovanni , Elkrief Arielle , Saleh Ramy , Park Morag , Huang Sui , Sangwan Veena 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Perioperative chemo-immunotherapy represents a promising treatment modality for locally advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA). However, the potential of these novel treatments has yet to be realized and efforts to identify patients who would benefit for targeted therapies have been unsuccessful. Herein we present the clinical results of a phase 2 trial combining neoadjuvant docetaxel, cisplatin, 5FU and the PD-L1 inhibitor avelumab for patients with locally advanced GEA and describe the tumor inflammatory microenvironment associated with response. Fifty-one patients were enrolled and received neoadjuvant therapy with 50 proceeding to surgery. Grade 3-4 adverse events occurred in 40% of patients. Major pathological response occurred in 9/50 patients (18%). No correlation was found between tumor regression and PD-L1, MMR protein expression or reduction in standard uptake values on PET. Multiplex immunohistochemistry revealed CD8+ T cell proliferation in post-operative specimens, particularly among individuals who responded well to the treatment, and a greater predominance of M2-Tumour Associated Macrophages in poor-responders. Single cell transcriptomic profiling of treatment naïve tumors also indicated differential gene expression among T cells, and in particular higher differences in CD8+ central memory T cells in responders when compared to non-responders to neoadjuvant therapy. We found the expression of AGR2 of genes belonging to the activator protein-1 (AP-1) complex, such as JUND, was closely associated with pathological response. This finding provides evidence of novel predictors of response to neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy and identifies potential direction to personalize neoadjuvant therapy with a view to improving treatment response.
Trial registration information: The study is registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03288350 (NCT03288350)
Efficiency vs. equity concerns in regulatory sandboxes
Authors: Crampes Claude , Estache Antonio 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The paper makes the case for a more systematic ex-ante assessment of the distribution of gains and losses from efficiency enhancing innovations that regulatory sandboxes are expected to test. It shows how a prior formal modelling of tests can inform the regulators on the possible need to control better upfront in the design of the sandbox for some otherwise underestimated but predictable distributional effects. Failing to do so is likely to lead to underestimate efficiency-equity trade-offs and other distributional issues, across stakeholders or within groups of stakeholders. This may influence the political sustainability of otherwise potentially welfare enhancing innovation. Simple industrial organization models will often suffice to identify the potential issues at an early stage and allow better sandboxes design and hence more reliable policy relevant results.
Bacterial Isolates and their Sensitivity Profile from CSF Samples – A 5 Year Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Ali¹ Muhammad Moaaz , Kaleem Fatima , Farwa Umme , Ali Haider , Ishtiaq Saima , Javed Samina , Syed Saima , Abbasi Shahid Ahmad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The death rates of medical situations like bacterial meningitis are always quite high. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture is the most common and reliable test to confirm the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. All CSF samples that were received in the microbiology lab between January 2017 and December 2021 were included in the study. The study removed all duplicate samples and samples from patients who had recently started taking antibiotics. During the course of the trial, 2000 CSF samples were received. Just 157 of these samples successfully tested positive for the presence of infections. The results of the current investigation showed that the typical pathogens associated with meningitis were not isolated from CSF samples in our method. In contrast, in our setups, highly resistant microorganisms were isolated from CSF. primarily from patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunts.