bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing the Subtleties of Disease and the Nuances of the Therapeutic Response with Optical Reporter Genes
Authors: Contag Christopher H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The use of optical imaging to study biology in animal models and to detect markers of disease in humans provides a window through which we can view features of disease that are either not detectable by conventional approaches or that can be detected more efficiently with optics. Moreover, with optics we can often appreciate patterns in biological processes that would be otherwise overlooked or missed. Because the nuances of disease mechanisms and the subtleties of the response to therapy are key to understanding and resolving disease, imaging has become an essential tool for revealing pathogenic mechanisms and for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Optical imaging tools comprise a key set of approaches for the study of biology in animal models, and are emerging as powerful methods for early disease detection, staging of progression, and assessing response to therapy in the clinic. Sensitive and rapid imaging methods based on the optical properties of tissues or the detection of reporter proteins and dyes provide real-time information that will contribute to our ability to unravel the mechanisms of disease, enable us to intervene with treatment strategies, and allow us to assess therapeutic outcomes.
Because optical imaging methods cover a range of scales, with resolutions from microns to centimeters, the preclinical and clinical applications are far-reaching, with great potential for changing the way these studies are performed. The clinical utility of optical imaging, however, is limited to a narrow set of applications in which the depth of penetration of light is sufficient to interrogate the intended target in mammalian tissues. These intended targets could be biological structures or molecules that are intrinsic to the tissue, or exogenous reagents that can label cells or stain tissues. The small number of approved optical contrast agents for human use further confines optical imaging in the clinic to specific application areas. In contrast, in preclinical studies the applications are limitless because the study subjects are typically small laboratory rodents in which many tissues and organs are accessible to optical tools. In addition, the cells and tissues in laboratory animals are amenable to staining with a range of exogenous dyes and may even be manipulated genetically to express optical reporters. Perhaps the greatest impact that optical imaging will have on human health is by providing a greater understanding of mammalian biology and more rapid evaluation of new therapies in laboratory animals.
Conservation Medicine: The Birth of Another Crisis Discipline
Authors: Ostfeld Richard S , Meffe Gary K , Pearl Mary C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The existence of an environmental crisis that includes widespread extinctions, biodiversity loss, habitat destruction, damaging pollution, and global climate change is not in doubt (Groombridge 1992; Meffe et al. 1997; Frumkin 2001). The causes of this crisis are complex and multifaceted, and the severity of its long-term consequences for the earth ‘s biota, including human health, is difficult to predict. Scientists are increasingly recognizing that solutions to the environmental crisis will be as complex and interrelated as the factors that have led to the crisis.
Monitoring to Health and Conversation of Marine Mammels, Sea Turtles and their Ecosystems
Authors: Aguirre A Alonsa , O’Hara Todd M , Spraker Terry R , Jessup David A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Marine ecosystem health is a relatively new and poorly defined concept. The enormous biological diversity harbored by the oceans and the lack of taxonomic and ecological studies limit our ability to define healthy marine ecosystem. It is generally agreed, however, that healthy ecosystems are those that have stable, or at least not declining, species abundance and diversity; do not have obvious environmental degradation, frequent pollution events, or unsustainable harvests; do not have a high frequency of emerging or reemerging diseases/intoxications with negative implications for human and wildlife health; and do not have frequent die-offs or similar stochastic events, particularly those involving “indicator” or “keystone” species.
Ecological Health and Wildlife Disease Management in National Parks
Authors: Gillin Colin M , Tabor Gary M , Aguirre A Alonso 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Once considered to be shining examples of pristine nature, national parks and other conservation protected areas are facing increasing threats to their ecological integrity. Habitat fragmentation and degradation, habitat loss, species extinctions, alien species introductions, pollution, and recreational over usage represent some of the cumulative effects that are putting these areas of natural heritage under increasing stress.
Wildlife Health and Enviromental Security: New Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Reaser Jamie K , Gentz Edward J , Clark Edward E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Environmental security is the concept that social (and thus political and economic) stability affects, and is affected by, the abundance and distribution of natural resources. Poor human health, mass human migrations, and border zone conflicts are often symptoms of environmental insecurity, when human populations perceive that they are not able to acquire natural resources at an adequate level to sustain themselves (Dabelko 1998; Kennedy 1998; U.S. Department of State 1997).
Music for the Common Man
Authors: Crist Elizabeth B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the 1930s, Aaron Copland began to write in an accessible style he described as “imposed simplicity.” Works like El Salón México, Billy the Kid, Lincoln Portrait, and Appalachian Spring feature a tuneful idiom that brought the composer unprecedented popular success and came to define an American sound. Yet the cultural substance of that sound--the social and political perspective that might be heard within these familiar pieces--has until now been largely overlooked. While it has long been acknowledged that Copland subscribed to leftwing ideals, Music for the Common Man is the first sustained attempt to understand some of Copland’s best-known music in the context of leftwing social, political, and cultural currents of the Great Depression and Second World War. Musicologist Elizabeth Crist argues that Copland’s politics never merely accorded with mainstream New Deal liberalism, wartime patriotism, and Communist Party aesthetic policy, but advanced a progressive vision of American society and culture. Copland’s music can be heard to accord with the political tenets of progressivism in the 1930s and ‘40s, including a fundamental sensitivity toward those less fortunate, support of multiethnic pluralism, belief in social democracy, and faith that America’s past could be put in service of a better future. Crist explores how his works wrestle with the political complexities and cultural contradictions of the era by investing symbols of America--the West, folk song, patriotism, or the people--with progressive social ideals. While much has been written on the relationship between politics and art in the 1930s and ‘40s, very little of that attention has been aimed at the world of concert music. Music for the Common Man offers fresh insights on familiar pieces and the political context in which they emerged.
Introduction
Authors: Crist Elizabeth B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During The Great Depression, two of Aaron Copland’s close friends, the director Harold Clurman and the playwright Clifford Odets, found themselves frequenting Stewart’s Cafeteria on Christopher Street in Greenwich Village. “Though this cafeteria must have represented a high degree of affluence to the really hungry,” Clurman recalled, “it struck me as a sort of singing Hooverville. For, strangely enough, this incubator of the depression, with many marks of waste and decay upon it, was in point of fact a place rank with promise.” The winter of 1932-33 was “historically cruel,” Clurman knew, but even so it seemed to him “a time of renewed faith.” In the midst of despair, there was a sense that “something new, not wholly aware of itself ... was in an early state of gestation.”
Creating Community
Authors: Crist Elizabeth B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Toward The End of the 1930s, Copland became involved in a number of collaborative projects and composed several works for stage and screen. Among them were The Second Hurricane (1936), a “play opera’’ for performance by high-school students with a libretto by Edwin Denby, and The Gty (1939), Copland’s first film score, composed for a documentary directed by Ralph Steiner with commentary written by Lewis Mumford. In their very nature as well as in their particular subjects, these works raise questions relevant to the cultural and political turmoil of the Depression era: questions of self-sufficiency and cooperation, of the relation between the individual and the group, self and society, liberty and equality. Perhaps of paramount importance to Copland, at once a very private and eminently sociable artist, was the issue of community.
Duration and Severity of Woman Battering: A Conceptual Model/Continuum
Authors: Roberts Albert R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study provided the data to develop a new five-level classificatory schema or continuum of the duration and chronicity of woman battering based on interviews with 501 battered women. Having no preconceived ideas of what this typology would actually look like, we were able to examine women’s experiences and develop a framework based on the common themes presented by their interviews. Our goal is to describe different types of battering relationships with a greater level of detail to enhance our understanding of the variety of ways in which battering relationships occur and endure.
Police Responses to Battered Women Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Roberts Albert R , Kurst-Swanger Karel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was 1400 hours on September 6, 2010. Two police officers were dispatched on a report of a domestic violence complaint. Upon arriving at the scene, the officers spoke to the victim, Wilma R. She stated that her boyfriend, Louis, had been drinking the night before and became involved in an argument with her that ended with his punching her in the face and strangling her. The officers observed that Wilma had a cut on her upper lip and swelling in the area between her nose and mouth.
Helping Battered Women: A Health Care Perspective
Authors: Boes Mary , McDermott Virginia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the midst of a winter ice storm, the wails of ambulance sirens signaled a new arrival to the overburdened emergency room staff every 5 minutes. The ER waiting area was already crowded. Within this onslaught of urgent accident cases and emergent needs of broken bones and flu, Julia Crouse was finally triaged.
Promising Directions for Helping Chemically Involved Battered Women Get Safe and Sober
Authors: Zubretsky Theresa M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chemically involved battered women often find themselves in the ultimate Catch-22: Substance use may begin or escalate as a response to the trauma of victimization, and efforts to stop using substances may precipitate abusive partners’ use of increased violence. A battered woman’s words about her own recovery capture the essence of the dilemma. She said, “As an alcoholic, AA and treatment saved my life; as a battered woman, it nearly killed me.
Elder Abuse and Gerontological Social Work
Authors: Brownell Patricia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mr. and Mrs. M. are both 90 years old. Mr. M., now retired, was a manual laborer and is in excellent health. Mrs. M. has a heart condition and is physically frail and emotionally depressed. Both refuse home care beyond the 28 hours a week of home health care funded by Medicare, in spite of the around-the-clock care needs of Mrs. M., which Mr. M. provides. One afternoon Mr. M. gets drunk and beats up Mrs. M. in the front yard, where the neighbors can witness it. An ambulance is called, and Mrs. M. is hospitalized. She claims not to remember the abuse incident and refuses to prosecute her husband.
C
Authors: Emmons Shirlee , Lewis Wilbur Watkin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
CABARET SONGS: songs in the style of theater and cabaret, compositions written by Benjamin Britten, Arnold Schönberg, William Bolcom, and Milton Babbitt. Britten originally wrote a song, “Funeral Blues” (originally called “Stop All the Clocks”) for W. H. *Auden’s play, The Ascent of F6, produced in London in 1937. So taken was Britten with the performer’s rendition of this song that he wrote a series of songs in that vein to Auden’s verse, of which two have apparently been lost.
O
Authors: Emmons Shirlee , Lewis Wilbur Watkin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
OBERON: king of the fairies, husband of *Titania, introduced by *Shakespeare in Midsummer Night’s Dream. The name is probably connected with Alberich, king of the Elves. At Oberon’s birth fairies bestowed their gifts: insight into men’s thoughts; power of transporting the self into any place instantaneously; the eventual conveyance of his soul into Paradise.
W
Authors: Emmons Shirlee , Lewis Wilbur Watkin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
wagtail: a migrant bird that grooms its long tail incessantly. In Indian myth, the wagtail bears a holy cast mark and is the prophetic bird used in divination. Of great importance are the direction from which it appears and its proximity to other objects. Near the lotus, an elephant, horse, cow, or serpent it is good luck; close to and four novels. Her striking beauty combined with her aristocratic and artistic self cast a spell upon many, author Edmund Wilson included.
X
Authors: Emmons Shirlee , Lewis Wilbur Watkin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
xanadu: a city named in the poem “Kubla Khan” by Samuel Taylor *Coleridge. “In Xanadu did Kubla Khan a stately pleasure dome decree, where Alph the sacred river ran through caverns measureless to man down to a sunless sea.” So begins the poem, inspired by an opium-induced dream. Kubla Khan, or Kublai Khan, is a historical person. Born about 1215, he died in 1294.The grandson of Jenghiz Khan, he was the founder of the Yuan dynasty of China. He encouraged scholarship, the arts, and foreign trade, and he was visited by Marco Polo.
Afro-Latin America, 1800-2000
Authors: Andrews George Reid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While the rise and abolition of slavery and ongoing race relations are central themes of the history of the United States, the African diaspora actually had a far greater impact on Latin and Central America. More than ten times as many Africans came to Spanish and Portuguese America as the United States. In this, the first history of the African diaspora in Latin America from emancipation to the present, George Reid Andrews deftly synthesizes the history of people of African descent in every Latin American country from Mexico and the Caribbean to Argentina. He examines how African peooples and their descendants made their way from slavery to freedom and how they helped shape and responded to political, economic, and cultural changes in their societies. Individually and collectively they pursued the goals of freedom, equality, and citizenship through military service, political parties, civic organizations, labor unions, religious activity, and other avenues. Spanning two centuries, this tour de force should be read by anyone interested in Latin American history, the history of slavery, and the African diaspora, as well as the future of Latin America.
Measuring Spatial Diffusion of Shots Fired Activity across City Neighborhoods
Authors: Tita George , Cohen Jacqueline 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Social scientists interested in crime often ask one of two questions: “Why does the distribution of crime differ over place?” or “Why does the level of crime within a place change over time?” However, the social processes often posited to explain changing crime rates do not limit themselves to such an either/or proposition. That is, the mechanisms of crime (e.g., economic opportunities, social mobility, opportunity structures) are interdependent both over time and across geographic space. This is especially true for acts of interpersonal violence.
Business Location and Spatial Externalities: Tying Concepts to Measures
Authors: Sweeney Stuart H , Feser Edward J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The notion that firms enjoy inherent and significant benefits from colocation is both intuitively persuasive and empirically challenging. Positive spatial business externalities (or localized business spillovers) are cost savings or productivity benefits that accrue to firms as a direct result of their geographic proximity to other businesses. Such externalities are a source of increasing returns, which help explain sustained economic growth in endogenous growth models, the geographical concentration of industrial activity, the ability of some regions to buck convergence and maintain dominant economic positions vis-à-vis other regions, and patterns of intraregional and international trade.
in Urban Research
Authors: Shen Qing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aspatial perspective is essential for understanding many kinds of urban problems. Current literature on urban issues reflacts the continued prevalence of what might be called “the conventional spatial perspective”—the customary view that physical distance is a primary determinant, as well as a principal measure, of spatial relationship. Since the distance between any two objects on the surface of the earth is determined by their geographic locations, from this conventional perspective geographic location is the key to understanding how an object is spatially related to others.
Personal Rights and Public Space
Authors: Nagel Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I was once at an international seminar devoted substantially to the discussion of individual rights, their moral basis, their boundaries, and their relation to other values, moral and political-the aim being to present recent developments in American political theory to interested parties from elsewhere. The Americans in the group were much concerned over such issues as freedom of expression for racists, access to pornography, affirmative action for women and minorities, and restrictions on abortion.
The Writings of John Rawls
Authors: Nagel Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major works of philosophy are not easy to read. Try curling up with Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason or Aristotle’s Metaphysics some evening. Political philosophy, with its combination of theoretical and worldly ambitions, often aims to be more accessible, and it has produced rhetorical masterpieces in the writings of Hobbes, Hume, and Rousseau. But the writings of John Rawls, whom it is now safe to describe as the most important political philosopher of the twentieth century, are very different. They owe their influence to the fact that their depth and insight repay the close attention that their uncompromising theoretical weight and erudition demand.
Davidson’s New Cogito
Authors: Nagel Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Skepticism depends on the claim that one could be in a subjectively indistinguishable state while the objective world outside one’s mind was completely different from the way it appears, and not just temporarily but permanently-past, present, and future. Call this theskeptical possibility. There are two traditional methods of refuting skepticism. One is subjective reductionism-the reduction of the objective to the subjective, in one form or another-so that facts about the objective world are analyzed, in some more or less complicated way, in terms of how things appear to us.
The Russian Connection
Authors: White G Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the 1990s Alger Hiss’s longstanding connection with Soviet intelligence would come full circle. It was the Soviets who had enticed him into undercover work in the 1930s, who had encouraged him to move into the State Department, where he might have greater access to diplomatic and military information useful to them, and who continued to work with him long after Whittaker Chambers defected from them. Now, in the last years of Hiss’s life, it would be former Soviets who would attempt to clear him from any complicity as an undercover agent. Their attempt was taken in many quarters as conferring on Hiss the vindication he had so long sought. And, in a final twist, that vindication would turn out to be fleeting, and it would be the Soviets and their American undercover agents, this time as voices from the 1930s and 1940s, who would eliminate any ambiguity from the Hiss case.
Alger Hiss’s Looking-Glass Wars
Authors: White G Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter four included a comment Whittaker Chambers made when Hiss was released from prison, declared his innocence, and announced his campaign for vindication. Chambers predicted that all Hiss needed to do was to continue to maintain that he had been a victim and a scapegoat, and that sooner or later one respectable inhabitant of Hartford, Connecticut (or any other American city), would say to another respectable inhabitant, “[r]eally, I don’t see how Alger Hiss would brazen it out that way unless he were innocent.” At that point, Chambers said, the Communist Party would have achieved “victory.”
The Structure of 5-Year-Old Children’s Play Narratives Within the MacArthur Story Stem Methodology
Authors: Klitzing Kai Von , Kelsay Kim , Emde Robert N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents new psychometric information about the MacArthur Story Stem Battery (MSSB; Bretherton, Oppenheim, Buchsbaum, Emde, & the MacArthur Narrative Group, 1990) and the MacArthur Narrative Coding System (MNCS; Robinson, Mantz-Simmons, Macfie, and the MacArthur Narrative Working Group, 1996) that emerges from the analysis of the narratives of 654 5-year-old nonclinical children within the MacArthur Longitudinal Twin Study (MALTS; Emde et al., 1992; Plomin et al., 1993).
Temperament and Guilt Representations in Children’s Narratives
Authors: Aksan Nazan , Goldsmith H H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Children’s narratives are a rich, flexible, and complex instrument for understanding social, emotional, and moral development, as other chapters in this book well illustrate. In this chapter, we examine the concurrent and predictive interrelations between guilt representations in narratives and temperament.
Affective narrative paradigms take advantage of children’s growing representational abilities to tap into their understanding of emotionally charged situations. Affective narratives are especially welcome for the study of emotional processes, such as guilt or pride, that purportedly depend on complex appraisal processes such as a growing sense of self-other distinction (Lewis, 1993; Lewis, Sullivan, Stanger, & Weiss, 1989; Lewis, Alessandri, & Sullivan, 1992).