bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BATTLE AXES OF AMAZONS OF EUROPEAN SCYTHIA
Authors: Fialko O. Ye. 
Published: November 2023

Weapons are one of the most important elements of the material culture of the North Pontic nomads. Archaeological finds from the steppe kurhans testify that the Scythians were armed with bows and arrows, spears and javelins, slings, swords and daggers, battle axes, horseman’s picks (pick axe), hammers and maces. However, not all types of weapons were equally common, and battle axes were less popular.
Relatively few battle axes came from burial assemblages on the territory of European Scythia — from 50 to 100 items, according to the data of various researchers. By morphological features, two groups are distinguished: battle axes (three divisions) and axes with hammers (two divisions). The length of the wooden handles in most cases is about 50―70 cm. Battle axes are known in Scythian burial sites from the 7th to the 2nd century BC. Finds of early specimens are correlated mainly with antiquities of the Forest Steppe, while later specimens are concentrated in the central part of the territories of European Scythia. Until recently, it was believed that this type of weapon marked only male Scythian burials, however, the presence of axes in several female burials proves otherwise.
The use of axes by the Amazons is mentioned in the works of several ancient authors, the works of ancient art demonstrate this phenomenon as well. According to archaeological materials, battle axes were found in only six (2 %) women’s graves: two in the Lower Dnipro Steppe Group and four in the Lower Dniester Steppe Group. An examination of the burial complexes of Scythian female warriors with axes made it possible to note several characteristic features.

All axes are iron. Five of them have a single blade, from 16.5 to 22 cm long. And only one axe has a double blade. It is also stand out by its small size — 14.6 cm. Typologically and in terms of size, all these axes fully correspond to samples from other Scythian graves of European Scythia.
An examination of the placement of axes in the graves showed a variety of its options. This means that there were no clear canons for the location of axes regarding the dead.
The nature and size of the burials, as well as the assortment and number of grave goods testify that Scythian female warriors armed with axes were mainly representatives of the middle class of nomadic society.
The age of women who were buried with axes is determined to be between 20 and 35 years old. This means that we are talking about the most active members of military units.
Only ordinary iron axes were found in women’s graves, usually in sets with other weapons, mainly arrows. Gala and artistically decorated pick axes or sceptre axes, which served as symbols of high social status and power, are not known in women’s graves.
Axes from women’s graves typologically and chronologically do not differ from those found in men’s graves.

Therefore, iron axes from women’s graves, along with other types of weapons, were obviously used for their intended purpose. They were not part of the insignia of power but marked the belonging of women to the military state.
HAFFET: Hybrid Analytic Flux FittEr for Transients
Authors: Yang Sheng , Sollerman Jesper 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The progenitors for many types of supernovae (SNe) are still unknown, and an approach to diagnose their physical origins is to investigate the light-curve brightness and shape of a large set of SNe. However, it is often difficult to compare and contrast the existing sample studies due to differences in their approaches and assumptions, for example, in how to eliminate host galaxy extinction, and this might lead to systematic errors when comparing the results. We therefore introduce the Hybrid Analytic Flux FittEr for Transients (HAFFET), a Python-based software package that can be applied to download photometric and spectroscopic data for transients from open online sources, derive bolometric light curves, and fit them to semianalytical models for estimation of their physical parameters. In a companion study, we have investigated a large collection of SNe Ib and Ic observed with the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) with HAFFET, and here we detail the methodology and the software package to encourage more users. As large-scale surveys such as ZTF and LSST continue to discover increasing numbers of transients, tools such as HAFFET will be critical for enabling rapid comparison of models against data in statistically consistent, comparable, and reproducible ways. Additionally, HAFFET is created with a graphical user interface mode, which we hope will boost the efficiency and make the usage much easier (https://github.com/saberyoung/HAFFET).
La France, possible havre d’impunité pour criminels syriens ? Un sauvetage in extremis de la compétence universelle des tribunaux français
Authors: Bourguiba Leïla 
Published: November 2023

Le développement de la justice pénale internationale est sans aucun doute une évolution majeure du droit international. La Cour pénale internationale en est l’une des figures emblématiques. Son incapacité à se saisir du drame syrien, pour des raisons juridiques, a mis en lumière le travail effectué par d’autres acteurs, notamment les juridictions pénales nationales exerçant leur compétence universelle. Si l’Allemagne a pu mener à terme plusieurs procès sur ce fondement, les juridictions françaises, travaillant pourtant étroitement avec leurs homologues allemands, sont à la peine. Pourquoi ? L’arrêt dit « Chaban » rendu en novembre 2021 par la Chambre criminelle de la Cour de cassation a mis en lumière le fossé abyssal qui séparait les incantations à la lutte contre l’impunité de la diplomatie française et le carcan procédural national paralysant tout exercice de la compétence universelle. Si l’Assemblée plénière, formation solennelle de la Cour de cassation, a procédé à un sauvetage in extremis de la compétence universelle des tribunaux français, il faut constamment demeurer vigilant pour en assurer l’effectivité.
A Cooperative Game Approach to Integrated Healthcare
Authors: Sekli Guillaume 
Published: November 2023

Cet article examine le partage d’un forfait de soins dans le cadre d’un système au parcours de soins. Nous modélisons ce problème par l’intermédiaire des outils de la théorie des jeux. Différentes approches sont envisagées, chacune donnant lieu à un jeu coopératif particulier, et permettant de prendre en compte la chronologie des soins. La valeur de Shapley, une règle d’allocation prioritaire et une règle d’allocation proportionnelle sont utilisées pour rembourser (partiellement) les professionnels de santé sur la base du forfait payé par le patient. Des propriétés de ces différentes règles d’allocation sont établies. Nous montrons également que le cœur de certains de ces jeux coopératifs est non-vide et peut contenir ces règles d’allocation. JEL codes : C71, I10
Creating and Testing a New Computer Vision System for Detecting Dental Problems in Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Chattopadhyay Jnananjan , Deb Anamika , Sharma Kanchan , Nawaid Khwaja Ahmad , Gandhi Rachana , Joshi Poonam , Makkad Ramanpal Singh 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The research project focuses on the creation and assessment of an innovative computer vision system designed to identify dental irregularities in individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods:
To establish the computer vision system, a comprehensive dataset of dental images was collected, encompassing various orthodontic cases. The system’s algorithm was trained to recognize patterns indicative of common dental anomalies, such as malocclusions, spacing issues, and misalignments. Rigorous testing and refinement of the algorithm were conducted to enhance its accuracy and reliability.

Results:
The validation of the system was carried out using the dental records and images of the 40 patients. The computer vision system’s performance was evaluated against assessments made by experienced orthodontists. The results demonstrated a commendable level of concurrence between the system’s automated detections and the orthodontists’ evaluations, suggesting its potential as a valuable diagnostic tool.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the development and validation of this novel computer vision system exhibit promising outcomes in its ability to automatically detect dental anomalies in orthodontic patients.
Maternal Periodontitis Prevalence and its Relationship with Preterm and Low-Birth Weight Infants: A Hospital-Based Research
Authors: Patel Ruchir B. , Batra Sahil , Halemani Shweta , Rao Aditya G. , Agarwal Manvi Chandra , Gajjar Shreya K. , Kakkad Dinta 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Overall wellness depends on oral health. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory studies have linked periodontitis to some systemic diseases. Pregnancy labor, contractions, and delivery are controlled by prostaglandin (PGE 2) levels rise during pregnancy, and labor begins when a critical threshold is reached. These associations support the underlying cause of maternal periodontal disease.

Materials and Methods:
In the study, 3,885 pregnant women aged 18–40 had singleton babies. All mother participants were clinically evaluated by the primary investigator. The periodontal disease is defined using a few parameters. Based on that the prevalence rate will be evaluated.

Result:
The prevalence of preterm babies’ mothers affected with periodontitis was 0.5% and low-birth weight babies’ mothers affected with periodontitis was 1.6%. So, there was a significant result is there.

Conclusion:
Periodontal health and preterm LBW newborns are highly associated with periodontitis in research. It may modify preterm birth and LBW risk factors. Thus, dentists detect and treat this sickness early, preventing pregnancy difficulties in sensitive mothers.
Comparative Evaluation of Effect of TENS on Controlling Pain Associated with Orthodontic Separator Placement—A Clinical Study
Authors: Nath Shib Kumar , Goswami Poulami , Mahalakshmi Shri , Kaur Impreet , Mengi Arvind , Bandyopadhyay Basudhara 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
To assess and contrast the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy and topical anesthetic gel in reducing the level of pain associated with the placement of orthodontic separators.

Materials and Methods:
A cohort of 40 individuals, aged between 16 and 20 years, who were in need of fixed orthodontic treatment, was chosen for the study. Elastomeric separators were positioned bilaterally adjacent to the first molars in all participants, who were subsequently separated into two distinct cohorts. Those in group I received topical anesthetic gel, while those in group II underwent TENS therapy. After the placement of separators, the assessment of pain was conducted using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at specific intervals: Immediately after placement, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours.

Result:
TENS group showed a significantly lower VAS score compared to the local anesthetic gel group at immediate, 6 hours, and 12 hours.

Conclusion:
Following the placement of elastomeric separators, it was found that TENS was more successful at reducing pain.
From Impression to Addiction: The Pathways of Adolescent Tobacco Use
Authors: Pandya Parth R. , Vaja Tejas C. , Arjun C. , Vijayan Radhika P. , Hegde Shipha , Kataria Shivani , Jokhi Sheron 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
To understand the psychodynamics of tobacco use among 11- to 14-year-olds in Ahmedabad, India.

Materials and Methods:
A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather information on tobacco use from 5,266 students, aged 11 to 14, enrolled in government-aided English medium schools in Ahmedabad. IBM® SPSS® 26.0 software along with Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data.

Results:
A total of 7.2% (376) had ever used tobacco. Of the users, 96.6% (363) knew it was harmful, 76.3% (287) were boys, and 85.2% (320) were initiated by family and friends.

Conclusion:
Despite being aware of the dangers of tobacco and being unable to purchase from vendors, children continued to obtain tobacco products, being influenced by their close social networks. An effective cessation measure should be directed toward this psychodynamic etiology.
Perception of physical literacy among secondary school physical education teachers
Authors: Cheng Chang Siang , Koh Denise 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
Physical literacy (PL) is important among children and teenagers. Studies have shown that children with high level of PL tend to be more active and not only is an active lifestyle linked to lower risk of metabolic disease, it's also associated with better academic results. Physical Education (PE) curriculum in school is aimed to develop PL among school children and PE teachers plays an important role in achieving that goal. Although PE teachers are models of people with good PL, PE teachers in schools does not necessarily take this into account.

Aim:
The purpose of this study was to identify the level of perception PL among PE teachers in Malaysia.

Methods:
This quantitative study involved secondary school PE teachers (N=100) from Miri, Sarawak. Physical literacy was measured using the Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (PPLI).

Results:
This study found that the overall level of PL is high among PE teachers (M = 4.23 ± 0.39) with no significant difference between gender, location and teaching experience. However, PE teachers who majored in PE have a significantly higher PL compared to PE teachers who were not PE majors.

Conclusions:
The significantly higher PL among PE teachers who majored in PE shows that they may be more suitable to teach PE. Whenever possible, PE should be taught by subject-qualified teachers for PE to be effective in developing PL among students.
Effects of Tabata workouts on the immune cell response in physically inactive individuals
Authors: Noor Nur Ain Syahira Mohd , Muhamad Ayu Suzailiana , Malik Adam Abdul 
Published: November 2023

Background:
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is popular nowadays as it produces similar positive results to moderate-intensity exercise, and at the same time, it is time-efficient as it needs a shorter exercise duration. To date, immune responses following HIIT are not well documented.

Aim:
To determine the effects of Tabata workouts on the immune cell response in physically inactive individuals.

Methods:
A total of 12 physically inactive individuals (mean age = 22.0 ± 0.9 years) were recruited amongst students of Universiti Sains Malaysia in this training programme for 6 weeks (3 sessions/week). This programme consisted of four sets of Tabata workouts, with each set containing two types of exercise (20 s for each exercise) with rest intervals between exercises of 10 s. Heart rate and rate of perceived exertion were recorded during each exercise session. Bodyweight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage and blood samples (2 mL) were collected at baseline, at midtest and following the 6 weeks of intervention. Blood samples were analysed for total leucocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil and monocyte counts.

Results:
There were significant increases in total leucocyte (P = 0.042) and neutrophil counts (P = 0.039) following 6 weeks of Tabata workouts. An increasing trend was also observed for monocyte count (P = 0.065) but not for the lymphocyte count (P = 0.304). Participants' body weight, BMI and body fat percentage were maintained throughout the intervention period.

Conclusion:
HIIT induced positive immune cell response in physically inactive individuals. Hence, it can be recommended and incorporated in exercise programme design for physically inactive individuals.
Effects of coconut sport gel on hydration measures, cognitive performance and anaerobic capacity in soccer players
Authors: Wong Jheng Yie , Ler Hui Yin , Thed Swee Tee , Kyu Michell Seok Lin , Wong Shi Han 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
This study examined the effects of coconut sports gel (CSG) on hydration measures, cognitive performance and anaerobic capacity in soccer players.

Materials and Methods:
Seven soccer players (age: 21 ± 1.6 years; body weight (BW): 63.2 ± 6.6 kg; height: 172.3 ± 6.0 cm; VO2 max: 52.8 ± 1.4 ml. kg. min−1) participated in this study. Participants underwent one preliminary testing and two experimental trials: CSG and placebo (PLA) separated at least 7 days apart. Each trial consisted of hydration measurements and two cognitive (concentration and reaction time [RT]) and anaerobic capacity (vertical jump [VJ] and repeated sprint ability [RSA]) tests at (i) baseline, (ii) dehydration and (iii) rehydration. A 90-min exercise-induced dehydration protocol was used to induce ~ 2.0% of BW loss after baseline testing. Participants were required to ingest either CSG (CHO: 26 g, K+: 381 mg) or PLA (CHO: 26 g, K+: 0 mg) at 1.2 g. kg−1 BW of CHO within 30 min in a randomised order and replenished plain water (100% BW loss) during the 120 min of recovery period.

Results:
The results showed that participants were rehydrated after 2 h of recovery. Participants regained their BW from dehydration to rehydration: 61.3 ± 6.5 kg to 62.7 ± 6.6 kg (CSG trial) (p < 0.001) and 61.4 ± 6.3 kg to 62.6 ± 6.4 kg (PLA trial) (p = 0.001). Urine-specific gravity reduced from dehydration to rehydration: 1.0168 ± 0.0073–1.0082 ± 0.0068 (p = 0.019) and 1.0148 ± 0.0061–1.0108 ± 0.0054 (p = 0.286) in CSG and PLA trials, respectively. VJ and RSA performance were similar between trials and among time points (p > 0.05). The concentration scores, simple and choice RT tests showed no statistically significant difference in all time points between trials (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Cognitive performance and anaerobic capacity in soccer players were well maintained after rehydration. Therefore, CSG could be an alternative option for athletes for rehydration purposes.
Comparison between traditional resistance training and whole-body electrical stimulation in improving muscular strength
Authors: Hussain Raja Nurul Jannat Raja , Shari Maisarah , Md Radzi Noor Azila Azreen , Adnan Mohd Aizzat 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Greater muscular strength can enhance the ability to perform general sports skills such as jumping, sprinting, and direction tasks. Resistance Training (RT) is broadly applied by strength and conditioning coaches to increase strength. However, Whole-Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) recently served as an alternative method to increase muscular strength in high-performance athletes. This study aimed to examine the effects of two different training modalities on muscular strength.

Methods:
Sixty female collegiate softball players (Age = 23.52 ± 1.89 years; Height = 156.20 ± 1.71 cm; Mass = 53.21 ± 3.17 kg) were randomly assigned into 3 groups. All groups trained as usual for 8 weeks, with the first group performed 100 repetitions of dry swing (normal bat swing practice in softball). The second and third group performed a combination of dry bat swing with RT and WB-EMS, respectively. Muscular strength (upper body and lower body) for the 3 groups was evaluated before and after the 8-week program.

Results:
The main results showed that after the eight-week training, the upper and lower body strength significantly increased in both RT and WB-EMS groups compared to the control group (p = 0.000, and p = 0.000, respectively). While both groups contributed to the increase in muscular strentgth following 8 weeks of training, it was the RT that resulted in a larger magnitude of increase in strength.

Conclusion:
This study concluded that RT should be emphased in high performance athlete training while recognizing the potential benefit of WB-EMS in enhancing muscular strength.
A single bout of cycling exercise effects on short-term memory
Authors: Jawis Mohd Nidzan , Mohbin Najihah , Kueh Yee Cheng 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
Exercise plays a role in enhancing neurogenesis and brain plasticity. Actively involved in musculoskeletal and cardiovascular activities at moderate intensity influences brain systems involved in working memory processes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of memorising before and after a single bout exercise on short-term memory.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 16 female university students with a mean age of 23.63 ± 1.46 years old were involved in this study. Participants completed a free recall test twice at pre- and post-exercise. The exercise session involved a single bout cycling ergometer at 50 watts while maintaining 60 rpm for 30 min and two five minutes periods of warm-up and cool down at 20 watts.

Results:
The percentage of words recalled in the free recall test post-exercise did not improve compared to pre-exercise. The percentage of immediate recency words recalled post-exercise (51.25 ± 21.87%) is higher than pre-exercise (48.75 ± 21.87%) but no significant difference compared to pre-exercise (p = 0.751). The percentage of words recalled post-exercise was correlated with heart rate during exercise (r = −0.59, p = 0.015).

Conclusions:
Participants with a higher heart rate during exercise had a lower percentage of words recalled at post compared to pre-exercise. However, a single bout of cycling exercise did not improve short-term memory.
Multivariate regression modeling of Chinese artistic gymnastic handspring vaulting kinematic performance based on judges scores
Authors: Thung Jin Seng , Gao Jianhong , Kok Lianyee 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
Vault kinematic variables have been found to be strongly correlated with vault difficulty (DV) values and judges' scores. However, the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique Code of Points (COP) was updated after every Olympic Games rendering previous regression models inadequate. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a prediction model for vault performance based on judges' scores.

Methods:
Handspring vaults (n = 70) were recorded during the Men's Artistic Gymnastic qualifying round of the 2017 China National Artistic Gymnastics Championship using a video camera placed 50 m perpendicular to the vault table. Kinematic data were coded and correlated with judges' official competition final scores (FSs). The vault samples were used to develop a mathematical model (n = 65) and to verify the scores against the predicted model (n = 5). Partial least squares regression was established using the statistical software to calibrate and cross validate the model.

Results:
The goodness-of-fit of a 3-factor model was utilised (R2
cal = 90.13% and R2
val = 87.30%) and a significant and strong relationship was observed between predicted Y (FS) and reference Y (FS) in both the calibration and validation models (rcal = 0.949, rval = 0.932) with Y-calibration error (RMSEC = 0.1727) and Y-prediction error (RMSEP = 0.1990). Maximum height, 2nd-flight-time and DV were the key variables against FS. Using JSPM, 40% of new samples were within the acceptable range.

Conclusion:
Kinematic variables and known DV seem adequate to form a JSPM that could offer coaches an alternative scientific approach to monitor vault training.