bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of scattering azimuthal distribution of polarized gamma-rays in compton scattering using GAGG(Ce) scintillator
Authors: Sato Riku , Hamdan Mohammad , Shimazoe Kenji , Uenomachi Mizuki , Taira Yoshitaka 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recently, the measurement of gamma-rays polarization has increasingly become important
for applications in various fields such as astrophysics and bioimaging.
Accordingly, there is a growing need for high-performance polarimeters to meet these requirements.
In this study, we fabricated the gamma-rays polarization detector using Gd3(Ga,Al)5O12(Ce) scintillator,
which has high energy resolution, high amount of luminescence, and fast decay time.
This detector mainly consists of scatterer and absorber, each of which use pixelated GAGG array.
By using this detector, the gamma-rays polarization was measured in MeV range (6.6 MeV), and the performance as polarimeter
was assessed.
Charge collection properties of a CMOS sensor produced in a 55 nm process
Authors: Zhou Zijie , Xiao Le , Chen Kai , Lu Yunpeng , Zhou Yang , Sun Xiangming , Huang Guangming , Gao Chaosong , Xie Lirong , Dai Wenjie , Zhang Guoxiang , Zhang Ying 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present the design and preliminary test results of a MAPS sensor, MIC6_Explorer1, based on a 55 nm Quad-well CMOS Image Sensor process for high-energy physics experiment vertex detector applications.
MIC6_Explorer1 consists of three large matrices and is designed to investigate the charge collection properties of the 55 nm process with various MAPS design parameters, including pixel pitch, diode geometry, reset methods, and readout circuit structure. Preliminary test results demonstrate that the pixel array with a 24 μm × 24 μm pitch achieved a 93.5% charge collection efficiency when exposed to a 55Fe source.
Dynamic quenching of self-induced and self-sustaining avalanches in double-trenched LGADs
Authors: Lastovicka-Medin G. , Kramberger G. , Mrkic D. , Baletic V. , Backovic V. , Kroll J. , Andreasson J. , Rebarz M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper revisits and revises earlier findings on self-induced and self-quenched avalanches in double trench isolated LGADs, triggered by surface generation current from trench-induced defects in the interpad region. The key aspects presented in this work are: 1) self-sustained avalanches, seeded by dark current, require a positive feedback between electron impact ionization in the gain layer and hole impact ionization at trench corners, influenced by the curvature and density of electric field lines; 2) quenching depends on the suppression of the local electric field at the gain layer and trench corners.
Enhanced osteogenic differentiation in hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA) matrix: a comparative study of hPDC and hBMSC spheroids for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Sanchez Ane Albillos , Teixeira Filipa Castro , Casademunt Paula , Beeren Ivo , Moroni Lorenzo , Mota Carlos 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) seeks to overcome the limitations of traditional bone repair methods, such as autografts and allografts, which are often limited by availability, donor-site morbidity, immune rejection, and infection risks. Recent advancements have highlighted the potential of spheroids or microtissues as building blocks for BTE. This study aimed to investigate the osteogenic differentiation of spheroids formed from human periosteum-derived cells (hPDCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) in a hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA) matrix, using encapsulation and extrusion bioprinting methods. Results showed significant morphological changes, high viability, and osteogenic differentiation of spheroids from hPDCs or hBMSCs in three-dimensional HAMA environments. Notably, hPDC spheroids demonstrated higher mineralization capabilities and superior hydrogel colonization than hBMSC spheroids. These findings reveal the potential of HAMA bioink containing hPDC spheroids to produce mineralized bone grafts using a bioprinting approach.
Stochastic Stokes origami: folds, cusps and skyrmionic facets in random polarisation fields
Authors: Maxwell Kerr , Dennis Mark R 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We consider the jacobian of a random transverse polarisation field, from the transverse plane to the Poincar\'e sphere, as a Skyrme density partially covering the sphere. Connected domains of the plane where the jacobian has the same sign—patches—map to facets subtending some general solid angle on the Poincar\'e sphere. As a generic continuous mapping between surfaces, we interpret the polarisation pattern on the sphere in terms of fold lines (corresponding to the crease lines between neighbouring patches) and cusp points (where fold lines meet). We perform a basic statistical analysis of the properties of the patches and facets, including a brief discussion of the polarisation analogue to superoscillation in scalar speckle patterns and the percolation properties of the jacobian domains. Connections with abstract origami manifolds are briefly considered. This analysis combines previous studies of structured skyrmionic polarisation patterns with random polarisation patterns, suggesting a particle-like interpretation of random patches as polarisation skyrmionic anyons.
Additive engineering of nonlinear optical properties of all-inorganic halide perovskites
Authors: Fatemi Ali , Jamshidi-Ghaleh Kazem , Tohidi Tavakkol , Bayat Farzaneh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, ligand-assisted reprecipitation was used as a cost-effective and room-temperature synthesis method to produce CsPbBr3 and CsPbBr2I all-inorganic halide perovskites. CaCl2 were doped at four different concentrations into the nanocrystals to effectively engineer their nonlinear optical properties. The nonlinear responses of the prepared samples were investigated using the Z-scan technique under irradiation with a 632.8 nm He–Ne laser. Initially, the Z-scan method was examined theoretically, followed by both open- and closed-aperture Z-scan techniques to measure the nonlinear refractive (NLR) index (n
2) and nonlinear absorption (NLA) coefficient (β), respectively. The cubic perovskite nanoparticle morphology was observed via field emission electron microscopy. The size variation due to doping was analyzed using dynamic light scattering analyses. The particle sizes increased from 35 to 250 nm for CsPbBr3 and from 30 to 330 nm for doped CsPbBr2I. The self-defocusing NLR coefficient decreased from 9.3 to 4.8 × 10−8 cm2 W−1 for CsPbBr3 and increased from 5 to 13 × 10−8 cm2 W −1 for CsPbBr2I with the addition of Ca2+ ions. The NLA coefficient increased for both nanocrystals with higher doping levels. The enhanced saturable absorbing properties of doped halide perovskites suggest their potential application in Q-switching and mode-locking lasers.
Research on the influence of abrasive particle size and lapping parameters on the surface scratches of stainless steel substrates
Authors: Xie Shaoxiong , Fang Congfu , Lin Yanfen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
It is of crucial importance to minimize the surface scratches that occur during abrasive processes in order to maintain the mechanical properties of products, improve surface quality and reduce subsurface cracks. However, current research lacks an evaluation index system for assessing and controlling surface scratches on stainless steel substrates. Addressing this issue, an evaluation index for scratches based on the surface topography characteristics of the workpiece is proposed, which is utilized to assess the state of scratches on the workpiece surface. First, using image processing techniques to screen 3D scratch data on the workpiece surface addresses the challenge of extracting 3D scratch features. Second, a feature evaluation metric for assessing lapping scratches is designed based on the extracted combined features. Finally, the influences of the abrasive grain size and lapping parameters on the characterization of lapping scratch features are explored and analyzed. The results of the Analysis of Variance indicate that the effect of lapping time on the number of scratches does not achieve statistical significance. Regression analysis reveals that reducing abrasive particle size and lapping pressure significantly affect the number of scratches and the average scratch depth. Furthermore, a negative correlation is observed between the rotational speed of lapping pad and the number of scratches and the average scratch depth. Among these factors, abrasive particle size has the most prominent effect on the number of scratches and the average scratch depth. Specifically, when abrasive grains with a particle size of w10 are used for processing, the minimum number of scratches observed is 28, with an average scratch depth of 315.62 nm and the density distribution coefficient value is 0.31. Compared to the abrasive particle size w50, there is a decrease of 57.58%, 52.38% and 35.48%. The use of smaller-sized abrasive grains can significantly reduce the number of scratches and render them shallower and more concentrated in distribution. This method enables the analysis of the formation mechanism and patterns of scratches under various process parameters.
Quantifying radiotherapy beam quality: an analysis using gamma passing rates
Authors: Gao Xiang , He Yipeng , Yu Yanjuan , Chen Sijia , Gao Guanglu , Fu Lirong , Shi Liwan , Kang Zheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose. PDD and profile curves play a crucial role in analyzing the beam quality and energy stability of accelerators. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of GPR in machine QA and compare it with traditional methods for analyzing dose outputs. Methods. GPRs were employed to assess the quality of radiation beams by comparing 1D and 2D Profile metrics and PDD data against commissioning data. The data used were obtained from the ASCII data files derived from the water tank. GPRs were calculated for all plots with a lower percentage dose cutoff of 10%. The local GPRs and dose influence for the 2D PDD metrics and dose influence were calculated for an open field 10 × 10 cm2 photon beam at SSD = 100 cm. In both 1D and 2D GPRs analyses, criterion of 1%/1 mm was adopted, as this approach allows for the capture of more subtle variations in the data. To substantiate the viability of the study, a comparative analysis was conducted by comparing the outcomes of the gamma analysis with those derived from traditional methods, such as manual machine quality assurance checks. Results. GPRs demonstrated a superior capability for comprehensive data analysis compared to traditional methods. For the 1D curves, the passing rates (γ ≤ 1) are 96.19%, 100%, and 93.46%, respectively. With respect to the 2D dose influence, the PDD image passing rate was 99.57%, and significant dose differences were observed at the four corners of the open field, indicating areas that require further investigation. Conclusions. Compared to traditional methods, GPRs are more sensitive to subtle changes in the data, providing valuable insights into the accelerator beam status.
Health and environmental risk due to acid mine drainage generating tailings in Zimapán, Mexico
Authors: Chango-Cañola Ana P , González-Sandoval María del Refugio , Alarcón-Herrera María T , García-Villanueva Luis Antonio , Fernández-Villagómez Georgina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the mining district of Zimapán, located in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico, high concentrations of potentially toxic elements such as arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd), and Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) have been detected in tailing’s dams. This AMD, along with the population growth in the region, has reduced the distance between mining waste sites and urban areas, increasing the risk of exposure to these contaminants for living organisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate AMD generation and the risk to human health and the ecosystem due to potential exposure to elements present in the AMD, using the Spatial Analysis and Decision Assistance (SADA) software in three mining areas of Zimapán. Soil sample analyses revealed that the total concentrations of Pb, Cd, and As exceeded the maximum limits allowed by Mexican standard NOM-141-SEMARNAT-2003 for residential and agricultural land use. Additionally, the SADA model results demonstrated a potential risk to human health and mammals and birds due to their interaction with concentrations of 12,198 mg kg−1 of As and 4,618 mg kg−1 of Pb, respectively. The SADA model played a crucial role in enabling the quantification of the potential risk to the exposed population, thereby becoming an essential tool for the environmental management of this and other mining districts.
Suppression of surface amorphization during oxygen evolution reaction in A-site deficient perovskite oxides
Authors: Petlund Henrik , Pokle Anuj , Chatzitakis Athanasios 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Surface restructuring and the formation of amorphous layers during the initial stages of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a common phenomenon in perovskite-based catalysts. It has also been observed that catalysts following the lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) are prone to amorphization as the rates of lattice oxygen evolution and oxygen vacancy replenishment are not equal. This is accompanied by a significant A-site cation loss in the electrolyte, ultimately leading to the collapse of the crystalline phase and the appearance of an amorphous catalytic surface of a thickness of around 10 nm. Typically, the originally crystalline material is termed as precatalyst. In this work, we hypothesize that A-site deficient perovskite precatalysts of the family of Ba
x
Gd
y
La
z
Co2O3-δ
(BGLCxyz), which operate under LOM, will have a reduced degree or no surface amorphization under OER conditions in alkaline media. For this reason, A-site deficient BGLC587 with a 20% deficiency is synthesized to validate our main hypothesis. Furthermore, thermal reduction of the A-site deficient BGLC587 precatalyst is expected, to form embedded nanoparticles on its surface through the process of exsolution, thus inducing higher surface area and improved electrocatalytic activity, while still suppressing surface amorphization.
Mechanical and thermal properties of silane-treated carbon fiber mat/pseudo-thermoplastic poly (methyl methacrylate) sheet molding compound
Authors: Bae Seoyeon , Kim Chang Dae , Kim Eunjung , Lee Sungbi , Son Euihwan , Yu Woong-Ryeol , Ahn Cheol-Hee , Na Wonjin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sheet molding compound (SMC) is a key material in the automotive industry, but the increasing environmental concerns call for recyclable composite materials. In this study, the authors developed a novel carbon fiber mat-based SMC material using a pseudo-thermoplastic resin and investigated its fundamental mechanical properties. The authors also explored the impact of silane treatment on the SMC. The results showed that the tensile, flexural, and Izod impact strength significantly improved by up to 30%. These findings suggest that the enhanced interfacial properties due to silane treatment can substantially improve material properties. More intralayer damage propagation and cohesive interfacial failure were suggested as key mechanisms of interfacial treatment. This research provides novel insights for developing future high-performance, recyclable SMCs and offers a practical solution to the environmental challenges in the automotive industry.
Digital light processing three-dimensional printing with acrylic–titanium composite powders for multiscale porous scaffolds
Authors: Zhao Guangbin , Wu Yanlong , Li Bochen , Tian Hang , Li Bo , Li Xiao , Chen Xu , Zhou Tao , Wang Yaning , Gong Yichao , Hou Dingchang , Liu Yaxiong , Zong Xuewen , Lu Bingheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Porous metals fabricated via three-dimensional (3D) printing have attracted extensive attention in many fields owing to their open pores and customization potential. However, dense internal structures produced by the powder bed fusion technique fails to meet the feature of porous materials in scenarios that demand large specific surface areas. Herein, we propose a strategy for 3D printing of titanium scaffolds featuring multiscale porous internal structures via powder modification and digital light processing (DLP). After modification, the titanium powders were composited with acrylic resin and maintained spherical shapes. Compared with the raw powder slurries, the modified powder slurries exhibited higher stability and preferable curing characteristics, and the depth sensitivity of the modified powder slurries with 45 vol% solid loading increased by approximately 72%. Green scaffolds were subsequently printed from the slurries with a solid loading reaching 45 vol% via DLP 3D printing. The scaffolds had macropores (pore diameters of approximately 1 mm) and internal open micropores (pore diameters of approximately 5.7–13.0 μm) after sintering. Additionally, these small-featured (approximately 320 μm) scaffolds retained sufficient compressive strength ((70.01 ± 3.53) MPa) even with high porosity (approximately 73.95%). This work can facilitate the fabrication of multiscale porous metal scaffolds with high solid loading slurries, offering potential for applications requiring high specific surface area ratios.
Crystal structure of L-2-keto-3-deoxyrhamnonate 4-dehydrogenase involved in the non-phosphorylating pathway of L-rhamnose metabolism by bacteria
Authors: Akagashi Miyu , Watanabe Seiya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the non-phosphorylative L-rhamnose and L-fucose pathways in bacteria, the C4-OH groups of the L-2-keto-3-deoxyrhamnonate (L-KDR) and L-2-keto-3-deoxyfuconate (L-KDF) intermediates are oxidized by different NAD+-dependent dehydrogenases, which belong to the same superfamily; L-KDRDH and L-KDFDH, respectively. To further elucidate their opposite stereospecificities, we herein investigated the crystal structures of L-KDRDH (from Herbaspirillum huttiense) in ligand-free and NAD+-bound forms. The interactions between the side chains of Asp39 and Gln18, and the 2’- and/or 3’-hydroxyl group(s) of NAD+ were consistent with strict specificity for NAD+. In a binding model for the substrate, Asn151 and Arg247 interacted with the C1 carboxyl and/or C5 hydroxyl group(s) of L-KDR with the acrylic α-keto form, which differed from L-KDFDH that recognizes L-KDF with the cyclic hemiketal. A comparison of gene clusters on the bacterial genome and biochemical characterization suggested that L-KDRDH functions as a novel 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate dehydrogenase in the degradation of aromatic compounds.
Post-transcriptional regulation supports the homeostatic expression of mature RNA
Authors: Su Zheng , Fang Mingyan , Smolnikov Andrei , Vafaee Fatemeh , Dinger Marcel E , Oates Emily C 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Gene expression regulation is a sophisticated, multi-stage process, and its robustness is critical to normal cell function and the survival of an organism. Previous studies indicate that differential gene expression at the RNA level is typically attenuated at the protein level through translational regulation. However, how post-transcriptional regulation (PTR) influences expression change during the RNA maturation process remains unclear. In this study, we investigated this by quantifying the magnitude of expression change in precursor RNA and mature RNA across a vast range of different biological conditions. We analyzed bulk tissue RNA sequencing data from 4689 samples, including healthy and diseased tissues from human, chimpanzee, rhesus macaque, and murine sources. We demonstrated that PTR tends to support homeostatic expression of mature RNA by amplifying normal tissue-specific expression of precursor RNA, while reducing expression change of precursor RNA in disease contexts. Our study provides insight into the general influence of PTR on gene expression homeostasis. Our analysis also suggests that intronic reads in RNA-seq studies may contain under-utilized information about disease associations. Additionally, our findings may assist in identifying new disease biomarkers and more effective ways of altering gene expression as a therapeutic strategy.
Developmental proteome dynamics in granulosa and thecal layers from growing follicles to pre-ovulatory duck follicles
Authors: Xia Weiguang , Jin Chenglong , Wang Shuang , Zhang Yanan , Li Kaichao , Huang Xuebing , Zheng Chuntian , Chen Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Granulosa and thecal layer cells play important roles in the post-hatching follicular growth in laying birds. To examine the biochemical processes of granulosa and thecal layers associated with follicular growth, the technique of data independent acquisition was used in this study to explore protein profiling in granulosa and thecal layers from growing follicles in laying ducks. We identified and quantitatively analyzed 8032 proteins in granulosa cells and 9552 proteins in thecal layer cells. Hierarchical clustering of the resulting profiles revealed differential changes of expression of proteins linked to cell metabolism, signaling, cell junction, especially in steroid synthesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, and gap junction signaling pathway at different stages of follicles. The highest expression of proteins related to gap junction and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway occurred in granulosa cells of 3–6 mm or 6–8 mm follicles. In granulosa cells, decreases in the enzymes that catalyze the transformation of estrone into estradiol and proteins related to calcium transport and apoptosis occurred during follicular growth. As follicles grew, proteins related to androgens biosynthesis and involved in gap junction and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway decreased in the thecal layer cells. Three main group functional clusters extracted from the protein–protein interaction network, were mainly responsible for apoptosis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway. These proteomic data provide a holistic framework for understanding how diverse biochemical processes in granulosa cells and thecal layer cells are coordinated at the cellular level during follicular growth in laying birds.
Clinical and Research Applications of FAPI Tracers: A Review
Authors: Desaulniers Mélanie , Rousseau Étienne , Pabst Kim M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the last decade, fibroblast activation protein-α inhibitors (FAPIs), which target the cancer-associated fibroblasts of the tumour microenvironment, have become a topic of great interest. In oncology, FAPI PET/CT imaging has repeatedly demonstrated a higher lesion detection rate than other conventional imaging modalities such as CT or 18F-FDG PET/CT for several tumours. In some cases, the initial staging and therapeutic management may even change. Some FAPI radioligands may also be labelled with therapeutic radionuclides for theranostic applications. It is thus possible to treat certain metastatic cancers with FAPI radioligand therapy (FAPI-RLT), which is generally well tolerated with little toxicity. Recently, new FAPIs have been developed with the particularity of having a higher binding affinity the target, which further improves the lesion detection rate on PET/CT and clinical outcomes following FAPI-RLT. This review provides recent updates in the clinical use of FAPI PET/CT and FAPI-RLT, and discusses potential emergent applications, including in inflammation imaging.