bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of anisotropic liners on the attenuation of sound in circular ducts
Authors: Sun John , Nayfeh Ali H. 
Published: October 2005

An analysis is presented of the sound propagation and attenuation in a circular duct carrying a uniform mean flow and lined with an anisotropic porous material backed by cellular cavities. A combination of a fourth-order Runge–Kutta routine and a Newton–Raphson procedure is used to determine the effects of the liner properties, the flow Mach number, and the sound frequency on the attenuation of spinning and nonspinning modes. The results show that low-frequency noise is better attenuated by anisotropic liners. The optimum liner is the one whose axial resistivity increases with increasing frequency.
Subject Classification: [43]20.45, [43]20.35; [43]50.40.
Acoustic performance of a stretched membrane and porous blanket combination
Authors: Thomas W. A. , Hurst C. J. 
Published: October 2005

The sound absorption performance of an acoustic absorber consisting of a stretched circular membrane placed a short distance in front of a fiberglass blanket was both measured and predicted. Both theoretical and experimental analyses were restricted to plane acoustic waves. Theoretical predictions indicated that the membrane–blanket combination would have a sound power absorption coefficient nearly equal to the sound power absorption coefficient of the blanket alone if the incident acoustic plane wave drove the membrane at one of its resonance frequencies. Theoretical analysis also predicted that the sound power absorption coefficient would approach zero when the membrane was driven at an antiresonance frequency by the incident acoustic plane wave. Experimental agreement with theoretical predictions was good for several membrane–blanket combinations. The results show that membrane–blanket combinations can be effective acoustic absorbers in frequency ranges which do not include the antiresonance frequencies of the membrane. The equations developed may be used to predict the acoustic performance of any membrane–blanket combination.
Subect Classification: [43]20.30, [43]20.60; [43]40.20.
Reflection loss of the refracted–surface-reflected acoustic path in the ocean
Authors: Junger M. J. 
Published: October 2005

The surface reflection loss suffered by refracted-surface-reflected rays is formulated asymptotically for long-range transmission. Like the absorption loss, it is proportional to range and to frequency squared.
Subject Classification: [43]30.20, [43]30.25, [43]30.30.
Comments on ’’Vibration of generally orthotropic skew plates’’
Authors: Nair P. S. , Durvasula S. 
Published: October 2005

The free vibration problem of unstressed and stressed generally orthotropic skew plates using an integral equation approach is considered by Srinivasan and Ramachandran [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 57, 1113–1118 (1975)]. Some comments on the convergence aspects of their results are offered here. Also, certain features of the nodal patterns and frequency plots are discussed.
Subject Classification: [43]40.24.
Recording the electrocochleographic (ECochG) response in humans: A reply to A. C. Coats [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 56, 708–711 (1974)]
Authors: Moore Ernest J. 
Published: October 2005

Coats (1974) investigated the effects of different electrode contact-points in recording the electrocochleograhic (ECochG) response of humans. He recorded from a needle electrode positioned at various places within the ear canal, from a specially fabricated intra-auricular electrode, and from an earlobe clip. He concluded that the earlobe-clip electrode was unsatisfactory for ECochG recording. Evidence is presented contrary to his conclusion, as it is demonstrated that the earlobe-clip electrode in combination with a more distant electrode is a satisfactory method for obtaining the ECochG response.
Subject Classification: [43]65.80; [43]85.92.
The effect of ultrasonic cavitation on protein antigenicity
Authors: Edwards J. H. , James C. J. , Coakley W. T. , Brown R. C. 
Published: October 2005

The antigenicity and enzyme activity of dilute solutions of RNAse exposed to ultrasonic cavitation have been measured as a function of exposure time. The rate of decrease of antigenicity was one-eighth of the rate of enzyme activity loss. The implication of the results for the use of ultrasound in antigen preparation is discussed.
Subject Classification: [43]80.40.
On the rotational collison number for air at elevated temperatures
Authors: Bass H. E. , Sutherland L. C. 
Published: October 2005

A detailed review of the experimental data for the rotational collision number Zrot for air, O2 and N2 has been made to finalize a temperature correction for the absorption due to rotational relaxation for incorporation in a draft standard on air absorption being prepared by the Sl−57 Committee on Propagation.
Subject Classification: [43]35.20, [43]35.35.
Transmission and reflection of Rayleigh waves by a high impedance obstacle of finite length
Authors: Yoneyama Tsukasa , Nishida Shigeo 
Published: October 2005

A new method is presented for calculating the transmission and reflection coefficients of Rayleigh waves by a high impedance obstacle of finite length. The problem is formulated in terms of simultaneous integral equations which can be solved by a kind of iterative procedure. As a result, the transmission and reflection coefficients can be expressed by complex contour integrals along branch cuts associated with a function in the integrands. The transmission and reflection coefficients are computed numerically by assuming a fused-silica substrate and are compared with those obtained by using Jones’s method of approximation. It is inferred that the present approach, though it takes more computing time when compared to Jones’s method, can predict the transmission and reflection coefficients with reasonable accuracy even if the obstacle is small.
Subject Classification: [43]35.54; [43]20.15, [43]20.30.
Acute changes in animal inner ears due to simulated sonic booms
Authors: Reinis Stanislav 
Published: October 2005

C57BL/6 inbred mice were subjected to simulated sonic booms of different rise time, intensity, and number of sonic booms. The most important pathological change was found to be bleeding in the basal turn of the scala tympani of the inner ear. Even a single boom having a rise time of 0.1 msec, peak overpressure of 3.3 psf, and duration of 120 msec was found to cause bleeding in at least one inner ear of each exposed mouse. Similar results occurred for a single ’’superboom’’ having a 10−psf peak overpressure but a longer rise time of 5 msec. The frequency of the appearance of blood clots in the scala tympani was found to increase with the number of booms administered. This cumulative effect was observed even when the booms were administered at the rate of one every 24 h. The traces of bleeding usually disappeared within a period of eight weeks. The extent of the bleeding in the scala tympani did not increase when mice were exposed to a rapid succession of simulated sonic booms (18 000 booms in one hour). However, three out of twenty mice suffered a rupture of the basilar membrane and destruction of the Corti organ in the basal turn of the cochlea.
Subject Classification: [43]65.20, [43]65.40; [43]50.70; [43]80.40.
Comparison of the reliability of an Auraldome headset and a standard headset in obtaining pure-tone audiometric threshold measures
Authors: Vogen C. S. , Copeland A. B. 
Published: October 2005

An Auraldome headset and standard headset (TDH−39/MX−41/AR) were compared via threshold measures, probe tube microphony, and coupler measures. The same TDH−39 receiver was used in each headset. Test–retest threshold and probe tube measures with the Auraldome and standard headset were elicited from the right ears of 30 normal hearing adults at 10 audiometric frequencies (250–8000 Hz). Statistical and descriptive comparisons of headset performance were carried out. For threshold measures at each frequency, intersubject variances of the two headset were compared statistically, as were their intrasubject variances. Descriptive comparisons were also made of the probe tube and coupler data. The threshold data and physical data, considered together, permit comparison of the reliability of the two headsets, as well as allowing comparisons of their real-ear-to-coupler errors. Results demonstrated the suitability of the Auraldome headset for audiometric purposes with adults; however, omitting 8000 Hz from the testing protocol will improve the headset’s reliability. Also shown was the validity of the probe tube microphone methodology used in this study for transferring threshold standards from conventional to unconventional earphones.
Subject Classification: [43]85.76; [43]65.80, [43]65.50.
Frequency spectra of extensional vibration in Pb(Zr⋅Ti)O3 disks with Poisson’s ratio larger than 1/3
Authors: Ikegami Seiji , Nagata Takashi , Nakajima Yasuo 
Published: October 2005

The frequency spectra of axially symmetric extensional vibration in piezoelectric Pb(Zr⋅Ti)O3 ceramic disk plates having Poisson’s ratio (σ) of 0.37 have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical frequency spectra were calculated with approximation of elastically isotropic disk plates for r (diameter/thickness) of 1 to 30. It was found that the terrace-type spectra which appear in a frequency band between the cutoff frequency of the symmetric thickness-shear mode and the frequency minimum Ω* do not construct a constant frequency bandwidth, in contrast to the case of σ&lt;1/3. Experimental spectra were observed with the Pb(Zr⋅Ti)O3 disk plates for r of 4.8 to 7.2. The experimental spectral agreed well with the theoretical ones, by fitting the cutoff frequency of the fundamental thickness-extensional mode of the elastically isotropic plate to that of the piezoelectric Pb(Zr⋅Ti)O3 ceramic plate. From the results of these analyses, it has been found that the Pb(Zr⋅Ti)O3 ceramic disk plates have resonant vibration responses at or near the cutoff frequency of the symmetric thickness-shear mode, although these vibrations cannot be induced piezoelectrically.
Subject Classification: [43]40.24; [43]85.52.
Influence of consonant environment on duration of vowels produced by normal-hearing, hearing-impaired, and deaf adult speakers
Authors: Whitehead Robert L. , Jones Kenneth O. 
Published: October 2005

The results of the present study have revealed that in a normal-hearing and a hearing-impaired population, vowels are significantly longer in duration in voiced-consonant environment, when compared with a voiceless environment. Vowels were also significantly longer in duration in a fricative environment when compared to a plosive environment. For a deaf population, the same trends were evident although the differences were not significant.
Subject Classification: [43]70.40, [43]70.75, [43]70.70; [43]65.64.
Comment on ’’Diffraction by iterative ray-theory techniques’’ [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 56, 1342–1346 (1974)]
Authors: Hudimac A. A. 
Published: October 2005

The errors of a ray-theory propagation from a simple harmonic point source in an inhomogeneous medium were shown to be corrected by a volume distribution of point sources of density whose amplitude and phase were simply related to the ray field. The radiation from the distributed sources was obtained by iterative ray techniques involving a perturbation approach, an integral equation, and use of an artifical wave number. Errors in the integral equation approach are corrected using two different methods. Physical interpretation of the two methods are compared.
Subject Classification: [43]20.20; [43]20.30.
Development of a high-power transducer DUMILOAD
Authors: Auyer S. E. , Miller W. A. 
Published: October 2005

DUMILOAD (Dummy Mechanical Impedance LOAD) devices have been used to test transducers for many years. In concept the DUMILOAD consists of another specialized piezoelectric transducer mechanically coupled to the transducer to be tested. By varying the electrical impedance placed across the DUMILOAD’s electrical terminals, varying mechanical loads can be presented to the transducer being tested. Drawbacks to this approach have included the need for a cumbersome mechanical coupling device and the limited operating frequency band of the DUMILOAD. This paper describes some of the consideration involved in designing and constructing a DUMILOAD capable of operating at a power level of 1000 W in the frequency band from 3000 to 4000 Hz. Details of a ’’quick connect/disconnect’’ mechanical coupling device are also described.
Subject Classification: [43]85.40;[43]30.85
Scattering of acoustic signals by inhomogeneities in a waveguide—a single-scatter treatment
Authors: Sutton G. R. , McCoy J. J. 
Published: October 2005

The title problem is studied using a single-scatter theory. General expressions are obtained for the distribution of scattered acoustic intensity among the waveguide modes and for a measure of azimuthal beam pattern of the intensity in a specified waveguide mode. Detailed calculations are carried out for a specified waveguide and for specified statistics of a fluctuating sound speed, which, while not being representative of actual ocean conditions allow our drawing conclusions that are applicable to ocean acoustic experiments. The importance, previously noted by Beran and McCoy, of the highly anisotropic nature of the fluctuations caused by internal waves on the scattering process is demonstrated. Several conclusions are drawn of the effects that this anisotropy can be expected to play in the multiple-scatter region.
Subject Classification: [43]30.40, [43]30.50; [43]60.20.
General treatment of source motion on the total acoustic field with application to an isospeed channel
Authors: Jacyna G. M. , Jacobson M. J. , Clark J. G. 
Published: October 2005

A treatment of the effects of arbitrary motion of a cw source and depth-dependent sound speed on the total acoustic field at a fixed receiving point is considered for an ocean with horizontal boundaries. Application of our general method is made to a constant sound-speed channel in which the range-to-depth ratio is large, when the source follows a short straight-line path with constant velocity. Total-field phase is investigated as a function of receiver time for various source trajectories and phase rate is examined in terms of an arbitrary, but fixed, acoustic frequency. It is shown that source motion may be accounted for by assuming the sound source to be stationary, and by replacing its frequency by approximate Doppler frequency. For long source trajectories, cumulative phase can be approximated as a hyperbolic function of time. The outputs of two uniform colinear arrays, together with power spectra there, are employed to illustrate one method for determing source speed, location, bearing, and frequency.
Subject Classification: [43]30.20; [43]20.20..
Observations of acoustic sidebands in cw tones received at long ranges
Authors: Shooter Jack A. , Mitchell Stephen K. 
Published: October 2005

Theoretical predictions, as well as observations at relatively short ranges and steep grazing angles, show that a sound wave which is forward scattered from the ocean surface has its frequency components smeared by surface-wave motion [M. V. Brown and G. V. Frisk, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 55, 744–749 (1974)]. The subject of this paper is the presence of observable sidebands in cw signals which are generated by a moving source received at ranges of up to 200 NM in the deep ocean. The sidebands are approximately 0.1 Hz from the source center frequency and are as strong as 20 dB below the level of the signal received at the source frequency.
Subject Classification: [43]30.20, [43]30.30, [43]30.40.
Instrument for microscopical observation of the biophysical effects of ultrasound
Authors: Miller Douglas L. 
Published: October 2005

In this instrument, a quartz driver, thickness resonant at 1 MHz, and a thin cover were concentrically mounted on the stage of a microscope. Electroding was omitted over a central area to allow transmitted-light observation of the test space between them. We approximate the acoustic field generated in the cylindrical test volume by a standing-wave solution to the linearized wave equation. The boundary values were (i) zero pressure at the radial boundary and (ii) interferometrically determined values of the acoustic displacement at the driver and cover. The truncated-series solution was successfully used to explain the radiation-force-induced migration of small polystyrene spheres suspended in the water-filled test space. In addition, the determined pressure distribution substantially agreed with independent measurements obtained by interferometrically detecting (via the acousto-optical interaction) the pressure oscillations, averaged over height.
Subject Classification: [43]80.30; [43]35.75.
Elastodynamics: Author’s comments on the reviews of E
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I (Academic, New York, 1974 and 1976) [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 58, 539–540 (1975); 60, 1236–1237 (1976)]
Authors: Eringen A. Cemal , Suhubi Erdoğan Ş. 
Published: October 2005

The authors of the books in question comment on the reviews appearing in the Journal and indicate their disagreement with many of the points raised.
Subject Classification: [43]40.10.
SEMI-ANALYTICAL BIFURCATION ANALYSIS OF TWO-PHASE FLOW IN A HEATED CHANNEL
Authors: DOKHANE A. , HENNIG D. , CHAWLA R. , RIZWAN-UDDIN  
Published: September 2005

Using a drift flux representation for the two-phase flow, a new reduced order model has been developed to simulate density-wave oscillations (DWOs) in a heated channel. This model is then used to perform stability and semi-analytical bifurcation analysis, using the bifurcation code BIFDD, in which the stability boundary (SB) and the nature of Hopf bifurcation are determined in a suitable two-dimensional parameter space. A comparative study is carried out to investigate the effects of the parameters in the drift flux model (DFM) — the radially void distribution parameter C0 and the drift velocity Vgj — on the SB as well as on the nature of Hopf bifurcation. It is the first time that a systematic analysis has been carried out to investigate the effects of DFM parameters on the nature of Hopf bifurcation in a heated-channel two-phase flow. The results obtained show that both sub- and super-critical Hopf bifurcations are encountered. In addition, it has been found that, while the SB is sensitive to both C0 and Vgj, the nature of Hopf bifurcation for lower values of N sub is more sensitive to Vgj than to C0. Numerical integration of the set of ODEs is carried out to confirm the predictions of the semi-analytical bifurcation analysis.
Src Homology 2–Containing Inositol 5′-Phosphatase 1 Negatively Regulates IFN-γ Production by Natural Killer Cells Stimulated with Antibody-Coated Tumor Cells and Interleukin-12
Authors: Parihar Robin , Trotta Rossana , Roda Julie M. , Ferketich Amy K. , Tridandapani Susheela , Caligiuri Michael A. , Carson William E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe have previously shown that natural killer (NK) cells secrete a distinct profile of immunomodulatory cytokines in response to dual stimulation with antibody-coated tumor cells and interleukin-12 (IL-12). This NK cell cytokine response is dependent on synergistic signals mediated by the activating receptor for the Fc portion of IgG (FcγRIIIa) and the IL-12 receptor (IL-12R), both constitutively expressed on NK cells. The phosphatase Src homology 2–containing inositol 5′-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) is known to exert inhibitory effects on Fc receptor (FcR) signaling via its enzymatic activity on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) products within many cells of the immune system, most notably mast cells, B cells, and monocytes. However, its activity in the context of FcR activation on NK cells has not been fully explored. The current study focused on the regulation of FcγRIIIa-induced NK cell cytokine production by SHIP1. Inhibitor studies showed that NK cell IFN-γ production following FcR stimulation in the presence of IL-12 depended, in part, on the downstream products of PI3-K. Overexpression of wild-type (WT) SHIP1, but not a catalytic-deficient mutant, via retroviral transfection of primary human NK cells, resulted in a &gt;70% reduction of NK cell IFN-γ production in response to costimulation. In addition, NK cells from SHIP1−/− mice produced 10-fold greater amounts of IFN-γ following culture with antibody-coated tumor cells plus IL-12 compared with NK cells from WT mice. Further, activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family member extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk; a downstream target of PI3-K) was significantly enhanced within SHIP1−/− NK cells compared with WT NK cells following costimulation. Pharmacologic inhibition of Erk activity, but not Jnk MAPK activity, led to significantly decreased IFN-γ production from both SHIP1−/− and WT NK cells under these conditions. These results are the first to show a physiologic role for SHIP1 in the regulation of NK cell cytokine production and implicate PI3-K in the induction of MAPK signal transduction following costimulation of NK cells via the FcR and the IL-12R.
A Novel Isoform of TUCAN Is Overexpressed in Human Cancer Tissues and Suppresses Both Caspase-8– and Caspase-9–Mediated Apoptosis
Authors: Yamamoto Masaaki , Torigoe Toshihiko , Kamiguchi Kenjiro , Hirohashi Yoshihiko , Nakanishi Katsuya , Nabeta Chika , Asanuma Hiroko , Tsuruma Tetsuhiro , Sato Takashi , Hata Fumitake , Ohmura Tousei , Yamaguchi Koji , Kurotaki Takehiro , Hirata Koichi , Sato Noriyuki 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Caspase-associated recruitment domains (CARD) are protein-protein interaction modules found extensively in proteins that play important roles in apoptosis. One of the CARD-containing proteins, TUCAN (CARD8), was reported previously as an antiapoptotic protein with a molecular weight of 48 kDa, which was up-regulated in colon cancer cells. We identified a novel isoform of TUCAN with a molecular weight of 54 kDa. The new variant of TUCAN, termed TUCAN-54, was expressed in gastric, colon, and breast cancer tissues but was barely detected in normal noncancerous tissues, whereas 48-kDa TUCAN was detected in tumor tissues and noncancerous tissues. To know the function of TUCAN-54 in the apoptosis of cancer cells, TUCAN-54 was overexpressed in tumor cells by gene transfection. Its overexpression inhibited pro-caspase-9 activation, leading to the suppression of the cell death induced by a protein kinase inhibitor, staurosporine, or a chemotherapeutic reagent, etoposide (VP-16). In contrast, specific small interfering RNA–mediated suppression of TUCAN-54 expression in tumor cells increased the VP-16–induced cell death rate, indicating that expression of TUCAN-54 might be associated with chemoresistance of tumor cells. In addition, it inhibited caspase-8 activation as well, thereby suppressing Fas-induced cell death. It was revealed that Fas-associated death domain was physically associated with TUCAN-54 but not with 48-kDa TUCAN. Thus, TUCAN-54 might be a novel tumor-specific antiapoptotic molecule expressed in a variety of human cancer tissues, which might aggravate malignant potential of cancer cells, such as chemoresistance and immunoresistance.