bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jusqu’au bout de l’humain
Authors: Tabas Brad 
Published: November 2023

Cet article présente une critique des revendications éthiques qui sous-tendent ce qu’il appelle le nouveau futurisme. L’auteur suggère (sans établir ni nier la possibilité de tels cas) que tout argument légitime en faveur de l’expansion de l’habitat humain au-delà de la planète devrait rester humain, c’est-à-dire qu’il devrait montrer la valeur éthique de l’expansion au-delà de la Terre en termes de qualité de vie qu’elle pourrait offrir à un nombre fini d’êtres qui vivent eux-mêmes le type de vie limitée et écologiquement vulnérable que nous vivons aujourd’hui sur la planète Terre.
Du lard bleu dans le cerveau
Authors: Scagliusi Domenico 
Published: November 2023

Cet article a pour but d’illustrer le désarroi historique produit par l’effondrement de l’Union soviétique à travers l’une de ses représentations littéraires les plus saisissantes : le roman de Vladimir Sorokin Le Lard bleu (1999). Cette étude se propose d’identifier les termes dans lesquels le roman retranscrit le sentiment d’un ébranlement du cours du temps, à travers l’analyse des procédés narratifs qui concourent à la réalisation d’un motif typique de la science-fiction : le voyage dans le temps. Nous reconnaîtrons dans ces distorsions temporelles la difficulté à replacer les événements du xxe siècle dans une histoire linéaire et à attribuer un sens au devenir historique.
Tradição e modernidade no Brasil: o conservadorismo culturalista de Gilberto Freyre
Authors: Gileno Carlos Henrique , Medeiros Rodrigo Dantas de 
Published: November 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para análises acadêmicas futuras sobre o conservadorismo culturalista inscrito na trajetória intelectual do pernambucano Gilberto de Mello Freyre (1900-1987). O conservadorismo culturalista é uma das linhagens conservadoras constantes no pensamento político e social no Brasil do passado e do presente. Metodologicamente, descrevemos as heranças intelectuais europeia e norte-americana que influenciaram o pensamento freyreano. Aquele conservadorismo teve a sua gênese nos autores britânicos vitorianos, com os quais Gilberto Freyre manteve contato durante a mocidade nos Estados Unidos e na Europa, notadamente na Universidade de Oxford.
Palavras-chave: Gilberto Freyre; conservadorismo culturalista; tradição; modernidade; pensamento político e social no Brasil.
Establishment of CD8+ T Cell Thymic Central Tolerance to Tissue-Restricted Antigen Requires PD-1
Authors: May Julia F , Kelly Rees G , Suen Alexander Y W , Kim Jeongbee , Kim Jeongwoo , Anderson Colin C , Rayat Gina R , Baldwin Troy A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Highly self-reactive T cells are censored from the repertoire by both central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms upon receipt of high-affinity TCR signals. Clonal deletion is considered a major driver of central tolerance; however, other mechanisms such as induction of regulatory T cells and functional impairment have been described. An understanding of the interplay between these different central tolerance mechanisms is still lacking. We previously showed that impaired clonal deletion to a model tissue-restricted Ag did not compromise tolerance. In this study, we determined that murine T cells that failed clonal deletion were rendered functionally impaired in the thymus. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) was induced in the thymus and was required to establish cell-intrinsic tolerance to tissue-restricted Ag in CD8+ thymocytes independently of clonal deletion. In bone marrow chimeras, tolerance was not observed in PD-L1–deficient recipients, but tolerance was largely maintained following adoptive transfer of tolerant thymocytes or T cells to PD-L1–deficient recipients. However, CRISPR-mediated ablation of PD-1 in tolerant T cells resulted in broken tolerance, suggesting different PD-1 signaling requirements for establishing versus maintaining tolerance. Finally, we showed that chronic exposure to high-affinity Ag supported the long-term maintenance of tolerance. Taken together, our study identifies a critical role for PD-1 in establishing central tolerance in autoreactive T cells that escape clonal deletion. It also sheds light on potential mechanisms of action of anti–PD-1 pathway immune checkpoint blockade and the development of immune-related adverse events.
Enhancers within the Ig V Gene Region Orchestrate Chromatin Topology and Regulate V Gene Rearrangement Frequency to Shape the B Cell Receptor Repertoire Specificities
Authors: Barajas-Mora E Mauricio , Feeney Ann J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Effective Ab-mediated responses depend on a highly diverse Ab repertoire with the ability to bind a wide range of epitopes in disease-causing agents. The generation of this repertoire depends on the somatic recombination of the variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) genes in the Ig loci of developing B cells. It has been known for some time that individual V, D, and J gene segments rearrange at different frequencies, but the mechanisms behind this unequal V gene usage have not been well understood. However, recent work has revealed that newly described enhancers scattered throughout the V gene–containing portion of the Ig loci regulate the V gene recombination frequency in a regional manner. Deletion of three of these enhancers revealed that these elements exert many layers of control during V(D)J recombination, including long-range chromatin interactions, epigenetic milieu, chromatin accessibility, and compartmentalization.
Association of SLC22A1, SLC47A1, and KCNJ11 polymorphisms with efficacy and safety of metformin and sulfonylurea combination therapy in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ahmed Aya , Elsadek Hany M. , Shalaby Sally M. , Elnahas Hanan M. 
Published: November 2023

Background and purpose:
Multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1 (MATE1), encoded by the SLC47A1 gene and single nucleotide polymorphisms of organic cation transport 1, may impact metformin's responsiveness and side effects. Inward-rectifier potassium channel 6.2 (Kir 6.2) subunits encoded by KCNJ11 may affect the response to sulfonylurea. This study aimed to evaluate the association between SLC22A1 rs72552763 and rs628031, SLC47A1 rs2289669 and KCNJ11 rs5219 genetic variations with sulfonylurea and metformin combination therapy efficacy and safety in Egyptian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Experimental approach:
This study was conducted on 100 cases taking at least one year of sulfonylurea and metformin combination therapy. Patients were genotyped via the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Then, according to their glycated hemoglobin level, cases were subdivided into non-responders or responders. Depending on metformin-induced gastrointestinal tract side effects incidence, patients are classified as tolerant or intolerant.

Findings/Results:
KCNJ11 rs5219 heterozygous and homozygous mutant genotypes, SLC47A1 rs2289669 heterozygous and homozygous mutant genotypes (AA and AG), and mutant alleles of both polymorphisms were significantly related with increased response to combined therapy. Individuals with the SLC22A1 (rs72552763) GAT/del genotype and the SLC22A1 (rs628031) AG and AA genotypes were at a higher risk for metformin-induced gastrointestinal tract adverse effects.

Conclusion and implications:
The results implied a role for SLC47A1 rs2289669 and KCNJ11 rs5219 in the responsiveness to combined therapy. SLC22A1 (rs628031) and (rs72552763) polymorphisms may be associated with increased metformin adverse effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Long-term outcomes of endovascular treatment of acute lower limb deep-vein thrombosis combined with May–Thurner syndrome: A single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pang Yunfeng , Li Kailong , Li Xiaoqin , Jin Yang , Cai Hao , Shao Fei , Wang Guodong , Ma Chong , Wen Gehua , Sun Ziqiang , Jin Song 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:
May–Thurner syndrome (MTS) is a common cause of lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Stenting is effective in the treatment of MTS; however, there are still complications that may affect the patency of the stent. In addition, the long-term efficacy of stenting remains uncertain. This retrospective study investigated the efficacy and prognosis of endovascular treatment of acute proximal DVT with MTS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Between June 2014 and December 2017, 122 patients with acute symptomatic proximal DVT at our hospital underwent endovascular surgery. The clinical data of the patients were retrospectively collected including follow-up information. The analysis used the generalized additive mixed model and Kaplan–Meier curves (log-rank test).

RESULTS:
Of the 122 patients, 75 underwent only catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT), and 47 underwent CDT with stent placement. Characteristics such as age (P = 0.630 ) and gender (P = 0.842) did not show significant differences between the two groups. The freedom from target lesion revascularization did not show significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.82). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the Venous Clinical Severity Score and Villalta Score.

CONCLUSIONS:
Endovascular treatment of acute lower limb DVT with MTS has good overall efficacy. In young patients with DVT caused by multiple factors besides MTS, prolonged anticoagulation and close follow-up may be more appropriate than primary stenting after thrombus clearance and significant relief of lower limb symptoms.
A retrospective study of endovascular repair of aortic dissection with aberrant right subclavian artery
Authors: Liu Yunchong , Wu Weibin , Wu Ridong , Wang Mian , Chang Guangqi , Yao Chen , Li Zilun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:

OBJECTIVES:
Aortic dissection with aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is rare but fatal, with its optimal treatment remaining controversial. In this retrospective study, we presented the outcome of endovascular repair for these patients, aiming to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this technique.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
From January 2016 to January 2022, seven patients diagnosed with aortic dissection with ARSA in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were enrolled. All these seven patients received thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) within 1 week after their admission to our center. The data of baseline characteristics, imaging parameters, perioperative information, and follow-up were collected till March 2023.

RESULTS:
The mean age was 48.57 ± 9.41 years. Kommerell diverticulum was found in 2 (28.6%) patients. Among these seven patients, 4 (57.1%) were treated by TEVAR + branched stent graft + chimney technique, 2 (28.6%) were treated by TEVAR + chimney technique, and 1 (14.3%) was treated by TEVAR + chimney and periscope techniques. The mean time of procedures was 196.67 ± 31.18 min. Clinical success was achieved in 6 (85.7%) patients, while 1 (14.3%) patient died of nonaortic related cause. Bird beak configuration was discovered in 4 (57.1%) patients with an average length of 17.87 ± 3.93 mm and angle of 21.9° ±3.70°. One early type I endoleak and one mild cerebral ischemia were discovered, and recovered spontaneously before discharge. The diameter of the aorta remained stable, and no complication was found during the follow-up of the six patients.

CONCLUSION:
Endovascular repair of aortic dissection with ARSA was feasible and safe, with a favorable early to mid-term outcome.
Esophageal stricture following repair of a tracheoesophageal fistula: A case report and literature review
Authors: Mukherjee Debarpito , Das Indranil , Saha Achyut , Halder Pankaj 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Anastomotic stricture is a common complication following repair of esophageal atresia with or without tracheo-esophageal fistula, affecting the long-term prognosis of survival. The traditional therapy includes serial esophageal dilation or repeated anastomosis with or without a gastric pull-up procedure. Here, we describe the case of an 11-month-old girl child who underwent repair of type C esophageal atresia but afterward experienced esophageal anastomotic stricture. In the event that the dilatations failed, the esophageal anastomosis had to be revised. Despite repeated corrective surgeries and extensive perioperative care, we were unable to save the child.
Sclerosing Variant of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma - A Case Report on the Role of Sclerosis in the Prognostic Outcome
Authors: Krishnan Reshma Poothakulath , Pandiar Deepak , Ramani Pratibha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Rationale:
Sclerosing variant of adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is a rare variant of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) with only two cases in the literature. In this article, we report two cases of SACCs and attempt to explain the reason for sclerosis and its association with the disease outcome.

Patient Concerns:
The first patient is a 43-year-old Dravidian Indian female with a chief complaint of pain and swelling in the right posterior cheek region of four months’ duration. The second patient is an 8-year-old boy with a well-defined swelling in the left cheek region.

Diagnosis:
Both these cases were diagnosed as sclerosing variants of ACC.

Treatment:
The tumour was surgically excised for both patients.

Outcomes:
Both the patients had no signs of residual disease/recurrence.

Take-away Lessons:
We opine that the dense sclerotic stroma may have a preventing role in tumour cell growth and progression.
Establishing a Regional Rare Blood Donor Registry in Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Raturi Manish , Adhikari Bhawana , Dhiman Yashaswi , Gaur Dushyant Singh , Kusum Anuradha 
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives:
Uttarakhand, a state in northern India, is home to various local communities, including the Garhwali, Kumaoni, and Jaunsari. In addition, individuals from neighboring countries such as Nepal and Tibet reside in Uttarakhand for many years, resulting in a diverse population. However, currently, there is no regional registry for rare blood donors in this state. The aim of this study was to develop a rare donor registry in Uttarakhand which could in future become a part of the national rare blood donor registry.

Methods:
During the routine donation process, samples were taken from randomly selected O-typed blood donors who are residents of Uttarakhand. Seventeen monoclonal antisera included Rh (anti-D, anti-C, anti-c, anti-E, and anti-e), Duffy (anti-Fya and anti-Fyb), Kell (anti-K and anti-k), Kidd (anti-Jka and anti-Jkb), Lewis (anti-Lea and anti-Leb), M, N, S, and s (Ortho Diagnostics Pvt Ltd, Mumbai, India). Furthermore, four polyclonal antisera from our serum repository, Diego (anti-Dia), Indian (anti-Ina), Rh (anti-Cw), and anti-Gp-Mur were used for phenotyping. The study was financially aided by the Uttarakhand State Council of Science and Technology (UCOST), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Government of India.

Results:
Over a period of 16 months (November 2021–February 2023), out of a total of 17,004 blood donations, O blood type donors accounted for 29.9% (5085/17,004) of the donors screened. Among these, 7.3% (374/5085) of the donors were from the interior and plain areas of Uttarakhand. Our study revealed a high prevalence of k and e antigens, with 96.7% and 92.5%, respectively. The least prevalent antigen was Rh (Cw), observed in only 0.5% of cases. We also identified rare blood antigens such as Diego, Indian, and Gp-Mur and compared our findings with other studies. Furthermore, we identified a donor with an H-deficient phenotype, specifically the Bombay blood group (Oho).

Conclusion:
We have successfully established a regional registry for rare blood donors in Uttarakhand, which will be valuable for managing complex transfusion scenarios in the future. Further, given Uttarakhand's proximity to China and Nepal, the presence of individuals from these countries aptly connects the fields of anthropology and transfusion medicine.
Blood Transfusion-Related Change in Circulating Plasma-Free Hemoglobin Levels and its Impact on Microvascular Oxygenation: A Prospective, Observational Study
Authors: Tomar Akshaya , Kushwaha Neerja , Asthana Bhushan , Kumar Sudeep , Sharma Sanjeevan 
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives:
Transfusion of stored, packed red blood cells (PRBCs) is a common therapeutic intervention; however, development of hemolysis during storage might contributes to some negative consequences due to the release of free hemoglobin (fHb), a potent nitric oxide scavenger, which may impair vasodilation and microcirculatory perfusion after transfusion. We undertook this study to find out the change in fHb levels in recipients, whether this affects microvascular oxygenation posttransfusion.

Methods:
Eighty stable transfusion recipients were selected for this prospective observational study and were divided into three groups as per the age of blood transfused (<7 days, 7–14 days, and >14 days). Blood samples were collected to analyze the plasma levels of fHb in the bag. The patient's circulating plasma Hb (FHb) and pO2 by venous blood gas analysis were studied before and after 1 h of transfusion. Data were analyzed through paired t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using the SPSS version 23.

Results:
Overall, there was a significant difference between the three groups in terms of change in plasma fHb (g/dL) from pretransfusion to the 1 h posttransfusion time points (P < 0.05). Significant increase in pO2 Levels was noticed from the pretransfusion to 1 h posttransfusion time points in bags <7 days old (t = −4.6, P < 0.001). Furthermore, a strong negative correlation was obtained between FHb and pO2 using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r = −0.738; P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
This study concludes that red blood cell transfusion can significantly increase posttransfusion plasma Hb levels depending upon the age of PRBC units and has an implication on microvascular oxygenation. However, the effect on the clinical outcome of the patient was not studied, and it would be worthwhile to investigate whether the age of the blood transfused affects the patient morbidity or mortality.
Prestorage Inline Leukodepletion of Buffy Coat-depleted Packed Red Blood Cells: Comparative Analysis of White Blood Cell Count and Interleukin-8 between Leukodepleted and Nonleukodepleted Packed Red Blood Cells
Authors: Qanoon Hakim Ali , Makhdoomi Rumana Hamid , Shah Zaffar Amin , Eachkoti Rafiqa , Roshan Reshma 
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives:
We aimed to analyze the impact of prestorage Inline leukodepletion and storage time on interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels in stored buffy coat-depleted packed red blood cell (PRBC) units in the Kashmiri population setting.

Methods:
A total of 50 donors of Kashmiri origin from North India equally and randomly distributed between Leukodepleted (LD) and non-LD (NLD) arms were recruited in this study. Leukodepletion of PRBCs units was performed using 3rd Generation integrated LD filters and the residual white blood cell (WBC) count was enumerated by FACS using fluorochrome-tagged CD45+ antibodies and IL-8 levels measured by ELISA.

Results:
In contrast to NLD arm, leukodepletion in the LD arm significantly reduced total leukocyte count (TLC) from pre-LD TLC of 2.25 ± 0.47 × 109/PRBC unit to post LD cell count of 2.40 ± 0.65 × 106/PRBC unit, P = 0.001, i.e., 3 log reduction, P = 0.0001. Contrary to the LD arm, a significant difference in IL-8 levels in NLD arm was observed with 27.15 ± 30.32 pg/mL on day 0, 45.15 ± 36.15 pg/mL on day 14, and on day 28, 37.98 ± 33.05 pg/mL. Furthermore, significant variance (LD vs. NLD) in IL-8 levels was observed at day 0, 14th, and 28th day of storage, with maximum variance observed on day 14th Fstat = 21.46, P = 0.00, depicting prestorage LD have a significant role in suppressing the IL-8 levels in LD stored PRBC units while as in NLD PRBC units with time IL-8 accumulated as its cell source (WBCs) was intact.

Conclusion:
Inline prestorage leukodepletion by 3rd generation LD filters was uniformly effective in reducing the residual WBC count to desired levels of <5 × 106/unit of PRBC. The significant decrease in TLC and resultant far less accumulation of cytokine (IL-8) in prestorage LD PRBC units of Kashmiri origin, as observed in this study, would be translated into clinical benefits associated with transfusion of LD-PRBC units.
Comparison of gum elastic bougie-guided insertion of LMA ProtectorTM versus the conventional method in achieving oesophagal patency - A randomised comparative study
Authors: Kerai Sukhyanti , Prathap T. H. , Bhatt Garima , Gaba Prachi , Gupta Lalit , Saxena Kirti N. 
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims:
The passage of a Ryle’s tube through the drain port on the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) ProtectorTM has been reported to be arduous despite the larger gastric channel. There are no studies on the evaluation of the guided insertion of LMA ProtectorTM to achieve adequate gastrointestinal drainage function.

Methods:
This randomised study included 132 patients who underwent surgery under general anaesthesia. The gum elastic bougie (GEB)-guided insertion of LMA ProtectorTM (group I) was compared with the conventional method (group II), and the alignment of the tip of the drain tube with the oesophagus was assessed. The insertion characteristics of the device, accuracy of LMA ProtectorTM placement, haemodynamic parameters, and post-operative airway morbidity following the insertion of the device were also compared between the two groups.

Results:
The first-attempt success rate for the placement of LMA ProtectorTM and the patency of oesophagus was higher in group I patients than in group II (100% vs 84.8%; P < 0.001). However, the time taken for device insertion and associated haemodynamic changes were significantly longer in group I. The patients in group I had better visualisation of laryngeal structures. The GEB-assisted insertion of LMA ProtectorTM resulted in less incidence of blood staining at the cuff of the device.

Conclusion:
GEB-guided insertion of LMA ProtectorTM achieved better oesophageal patency than the conventional insertion method. This method also had higher first-attempt success at the placement of the device and was observed to be less traumatic.
Carle’s obstetric early warning score as a screening tool for critical care admission
Authors: Gupta Chhavi , Suri Jyotsna , Bachani Sumitra , Bharti Rekha , Pandey Divya , Mittal Pratima 
Published: November 2023

Background & objectives:
Early warning systems (EWS) involve serial observations (track) with criteria (trigger) to timely identify patients at risk of complications. Carle designed a statistically based clinically modified obstetric early warning score (Carle’s OEWS). This study evaluated Carle’s OEWS and its individual components for predicting admission to the obstetric critical care unit (OCCU). Maternal near-miss and maternal mortality were the secondary outcomes.

Methods:
A prospective observational study was conducted among 1250 pregnant women with a period of gestation ≥28 week admitted in the labour wards of a tertiary centre over 18 months. The physiological parameters of OEWS were recorded and aggregate score was calculated at admission and at regular intervals thereafter, till discharge or OCCU admission.

Results:
The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of OEWS was 0.975 for predicting OCCU admission, 0.971 for near-miss, and 0.996 for predicting maternal mortality and was significant for all outcomes. All individual parameters, except diastolic blood pressure, had a significant relative risk for predicting OCCU requirement.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Carle’s OEWS is a useful screening tool for predicting obstetric OCCU admission and can be routinely used in labour wards to ensure timely intervention.