bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is participation enough? Impact of simulation curriculum structure on performance of basic surgical skills
Authors: Zhou Connie J. , Edwards Anya L. , Brian Riley , O’Sullivan Patricia S. , Shui Amy M. , Cortella Aly , Alseidi Adnan , Rapp Joseph H. , Chern Hueylan , Syed Shareef M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The optimal strategy for curricular construction and feedback implementation, both critical for skill acquisition, is unknown in the simulation curricula setting. To address this gap, we examined the impact of individual components of our basic surgical skills curriculum on intern performance.

Methods
The basic surgical skills curriculum consists of skills lab sessions, self-recorded “homework” exercises graded with a score and narrative feedback, and a scored final assessment. Using linear regression, we assessed the association between assessment performance (scores) and four other curricular components (skills lab attendance, homework submission, homework scores, and receipt of feedback on homework). Narrative feedback quality was graded by three raters for relevance, valence, and specificity. Pearson’s r was used to calculate the association of each feedback variable with the assessment score.

Results
Among the 71 (73%) surgical interns who completed the curriculum, for each additional homework assignment that received structured feedback, assessment score increased by 0.54% (p < 0.001; effect size 0.16). For each percentage point increase in homework score, assessment score increased by 0.21% (p = 0.02; effect size 0.07). Pearson’s r revealed significant correlations between assessment score and relevant feedback (r = 0.26, p = 0.02), relevant feedback and corrective feedback (r = 0.70, p < 0.001), and between relevant and specific feedback (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). Relevant feedback comments were not correlated with reinforcing feedback (r = 0.01, p = 0.47).

Conclusions
Our findings reiterate the value of practice when accompanied by relevant feedback. We identified a default to providing lower-quality reinforcing feedback and higher-quality corrective feedback. Future feedback training may yield positive results.
Anthropogenic Aerosols Weaken Land–Atmosphere Coupling Over North China
Authors: Wei Jiangfeng , Lu Boyan , Song Yuanyuan , Chen Haishan , Weng Zhimei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNorth China, characterized by its strong land–atmosphere coupling, also has a high concentration of atmospheric aerosols from anthropogenic emissions. However, the impact of aerosols on land–atmosphere coupling in this region remains partially unclear. Here, we use Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem) experiments to show that the aerosol radiative effect weakens land–atmosphere coupling in North China. This weakening occurs across all five indexes used to measure different aspects of land–atmosphere coupling. Notably, the weakening is more pronounced for indexes that describe surface coupling compared to the index that characterizes the coupling between the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and clouds. The mechanisms underlying the aerosol influence can be primarily attributed to the reduction of land surface fluxes and their sensitivities to soil moisture, while the weakened entrainment of moisture at the upper boundary of the PBL may also contribute to the effects.
Mesoscale and Synoptic Scale Analysis of Narrow Cold Frontal Rainband During a Landfalling Atmospheric River in California During January 2021
Authors: Zou Xun , Cordeira Jason M. , Bartlett Samuel M. , Kawzenuk Brian , Roj Shawn , Castellano Christopher , Hecht Chad , Ralph F. Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNarrow cold‐frontal rain bands (NCFR) often produce short‐duration and high‐intensity precipitation that can lead to flooding and debris flow in California (CA). On 27 January 2021, an atmospheric river (AR) associated with an intense surface cyclone made landfall over coastal northern CA, which featured a prominent NCFR. This study uses high‐resolution West Weather Research and Forecasting simulations to accurately resolve the gap and core structure of the NCFR and provide reliable precipitation estimations, compensating for limitations of radar and satellite observations. This NCFR was supported by robust synoptic‐scale quasi‐geostrophic (QG) forcing for ascent and frontogenesis. It propagated southward from Cape Mendocino to Big Sur in 12 hr before stalling and rotating counter‐clockwise in central/southern CA due to upstream Rossby wave breaking and an amplifying upper‐tropospheric trough. With the lower to middle tropospheric flow backed considerably to the south‐southwest over the NCFR, the increase of the vertical wind shear caused the transition from parallel to trailing stratiform precipitation. The stall and pivot of the AR and NCFR led to intense rainfall with a 2‐day precipitation accumulation greater than 300 mm over central CA. In addition, under the potential instability and frontogenesis, a moist absolutely unstable layer between 850 and 700 hPa was captured at the leading edge of the NCFR, which indicated slantwise deep layer lifting and high precipitation efficiency. This study reveals synoptic‐scale and mesoscale drivers of rainfall outside orographic lifting and reaffirms the importance of high‐resolution numerical modeling for the prediction of extreme precipitation and related natural hazards.
Cloud Properties Derived From Airborne Cloud Radar Observations Collected in Three Climatic Regions
Authors: Romatschke Ulrike 
Published: October 2023

AbstractClouds observed by the airborne High‐Performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research (HIAPER) Cloud Radar (HCR) were classified into twelve categories, based on their convective/stratiform nature. Dimensional and convective cloud properties were analyzed in three climatic regions: The subtropical easterlies off the coast of California, the Southern Ocean, and the tropics surrounding Central America. The convective properties of the stratocumulus clouds in the subtropical easterlies are closely related to the degree of boundary layer decoupling. In regions of strong boundary layer coupling, convectivity and updrafts in the clouds are weak and precipitation is light. In regions where the boundary layer is more decoupled, convective properties increase together with cloud top altitudes and cloud depth. Cloud properties of stratocumulus and cumulus clouds over the Southern Ocean show similarities to those observed in the subtropics, but overall they are less convective, indicating a strongly coupled boundary layer. Sea surface temperatures are much lower and the development of clouds is driven by transient synoptic conditions rather than zonal ocean temperature gradients. Clouds observed over the tropical oceans are much more convective in nature. As in the two other regions, they are mostly shallow, but clouds in regions with high sea surface temperatures have high convectivity and reflectivity values and stronger updrafts. Some of them grow to extreme depths (>14 km) and widths (>500 km). They have strong and large updraft regions and are heavily precipitating throughout their life cycle as they transition from the convective to the stratiform stage.
Dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra is associated with olfactory dysfunction in mice models of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Yuan Yu , Ma Xizhen , Mi Xiaoqing , Qu Le , Liang Meiyu , Li Mengyu , Wang Youcui , Song Ning , Xie Junxia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOlfactory dysfunction represents a prodromal stage in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the mechanisms underlying hyposmia are not specified yet. In this study, we first observed an early olfactory dysfunction in mice with intragastric rotenone administration, consistent with dopaminergic neurons loss and α-synuclein pathology in the olfactory bulb. However, a much severer olfactory dysfunction was observed without severer pathology in olfactory bulb when the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra occurred. Then, we established the mice models by intrastriatal α-synuclein preformed fibrils injection and demonstrated the performance in the olfactory discrimination test was correlated to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, without any changes in the olfactory bulb analyzed by RNA-sequence. In mice with intranasal ferric ammonium citrate administration, we observed olfactory dysfunction when dopaminergic neurodegeneration in substantia nigra occurred and was restored when dopaminergic neurons were rescued. Finally we demonstrated that chemogenetic inhibition of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra was sufficient to cause hyposmia and motor incoordination. Taken together, this study shows a direct relationship between nigral dopaminergic neurodegeneration and olfactory dysfunction in PD models and put forward the understandings that olfactory dysfunction represents the early stage of neurodegeneration in PD progression.
Impact of slab selection on the relationship between choriocapillaris flow deficits and enlargement rate of geographic atrophy
Authors: Alagorie Ahmed Roshdy , Corradetti Giulia , Byon Iksoo , Tiosano Liran , Ji Yongsok , Nittala Muneeswar , Velaga Swetha , Nassisi Marco , Verma Aditya , Sadda Srinivas R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the effect of changing slab position on the correlation between choriocapillaris (CC) flow deficits (FD) in eyes with geographic atrophy (GA) and yearly enlargement rate (yER) of GA.

Methods
OCT and OCTA images obtained on Cirrus HD-OCT device were collected from patients with GA. Each patient underwent OCTA scan at baseline and two OCT scans, one at baseline and one after at least 12 months. GA was delineated on en-face fundus image to calculate yER. OCTA images were generated from three 10 µm thick slabs 11, 21 and 31 µm posterior to RPE-fit line. 100 µm-wide concentric rings were generated around GA to calculate FD% in each ring which was correlated with yER.

Results
For the 11–21 µm slab, FD% was not significantly correlated with yER for any of the rings (p > 0.05). For the 21–31 and 31–41 µm slab, FD% of rings located in the 600 µm region around GA was significantly correlated with yER (p < 0.05). However, in all slab locations, there was no significant correlation between yER and CC FD% of rings located beyond the 600 µm region (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Slab selection for quantification of CC FD% may have a significant impact on quantitative results in eyes with GA.
An innate granuloma eradicates an environmental pathogen using Gsdmd and Nos2
Authors: Harvest Carissa K. , Abele Taylor J. , Yu Chen , Beatty Cole J. , Amason Megan E. , Billman Zachary P. , DePrizio Morgan A. , Souza Fernando W. , Lacey Carolyn A. , Maltez Vivien I. , Larson Heather N. , McGlaughon Benjamin D. , Saban Daniel R. , Montgomery Stephanie A. , Miao Edward A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGranulomas often form around pathogens that cause chronic infections. Here, we discover an innate granuloma model in mice with an environmental bacterium called Chromobacterium violaceum. Granuloma formation not only successfully walls off, but also clears, the infection. The infected lesion can arise from a single bacterium that replicates despite the presence of a neutrophil swarm. Bacterial replication ceases when macrophages organize around the infection and form a granuloma. This granuloma response is accomplished independently of adaptive immunity that is typically required to organize granulomas. The C. violaceum-induced granuloma requires at least two separate defense pathways, gasdermin D and iNOS, to maintain the integrity of the granuloma architecture. This innate granuloma successfully eradicates C. violaceum infection. Therefore, this C. violaceum-induced granuloma model demonstrates that innate immune cells successfully organize a granuloma and thereby resolve infection by an environmental pathogen.
All-dielectric scale invariant waveguide
Authors: Rodrigues Janderson R. , Dave Utsav D. , Mohanty Aseema , Ji Xingchen , Datta Ipshita , Chaitanya Shriddha , Shim Euijae , Gutierrez-Jauregui Ricardo , Almeida Vilson R. , Asenjo-Garcia Ana , Lipson Michal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTotal internal reflection (TIR) governs the guiding mechanisms of almost all dielectric waveguides and therefore constrains most of the light in the material with the highest refractive index. The few options available to access the properties of lower-index materials include designs that are either lossy, periodic, exhibit limited optical bandwidth or are restricted to subwavelength modal volumes. Here, we propose and demonstrate a guiding mechanism that leverages symmetry in multilayer dielectric waveguides as well as evanescent fields to strongly confine light in low-index materials. The proposed waveguide structures exhibit unusual light properties, such as uniform field distribution with a non-Gaussian spatial profile and scale invariance of the optical mode. This guiding mechanism is general and can be further extended to various optical structures, employed for different polarizations, and in different spectral regions. Therefore, our results can have huge implications for integrated photonics and related technologies.
Defying decomposition: the curious case of choline chloride
Authors: van den Bruinhorst Adriaan , Avila Jocasta , Rosenthal Martin , Pellegrino Ange , Burghammer Manfred , Costa Gomes Margarida 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChemists aim to meet modern sustainability, health, and safety requirements by replacing conventional solvents with deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Through large melting point depressions, DESs may incorporate renewable solids in task-specific liquids. Yet, DES design is complicated by complex molecular interactions and a lack of comprehensive property databases. Even measuring pure component melting properties can be challenging, due to decomposition before melting. Here we overcame the decomposition of the quintessential DES constituent, choline chloride (ChCl). We measured its enthalpy of fusion (13.8 ± 3.0 kJ ⋅ mol) and melting point (687 ± 9 K) by fast scanning calorimetry combined with micro-XRD and high-speed optical microscopy. Our thermodynamically coherent fusion properties identify ChCl as an ionic plastic crystal and demonstrate negative deviations from ideal mixing for ChCl—contradicting previous assumptions. We hypothesise that the plastic crystal nature of ammonium salts governs their resilience to melting; pure or mixed. We show that DESs based on ionic plastic crystals can profit from (1) a low enthalpy of fusion and (2) favourable mixing. Both depress the melting point and can be altered through ion selection. Ionic plastic crystal-based DESs thus offer a platform for task-specific liquids at a broad range of temperatures and compositions.
Spin skyrmion gaps as signatures of strong-coupling insulators in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Yu Jiachen , Foutty Benjamin A. , Kwan Yves H. , Barber Mark E. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Shen Zhi-Xun , Parameswaran Siddharth A. , Feldman Benjamin E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe flat electronic bands in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) host a variety of correlated insulating ground states, many of which are predicted to support charged excitations with topologically non-trivial spin and/or valley skyrmion textures. However, it has remained challenging to experimentally address their ground state order and excitations, both because some of the proposed states do not couple directly to experimental probes, and because they are highly sensitive to spatial inhomogeneities in real samples. Here, using a scanning single-electron transistor, we observe thermodynamic gaps at even integer moiré filling factors at low magnetic fields. We find evidence of a field-tuned crossover from charged spin skyrmions to bare particle-like excitations, suggesting that the underlying ground state belongs to the manifold of strong-coupling insulators. From the spatial dependence of these states and the chemical potential variation within the flat bands, we infer a link between the stability of the correlated ground states and local twist angle and strain. Our work advances the microscopic understanding of the correlated insulators in MATBG and their unconventional excitations.
Repurposing conformational changes in ANL superfamily enzymes to rapidly generate biosensors for organic and amino acids
Authors: Wang Jin , Xue Ning , Pan Wenjia , Tu Ran , Li Shixin , Zhang Yue , Mao Yufeng , Liu Ye , Cheng Haijiao , Guo Yanmei , Yuan Wei , Ni Xiaomeng , Wang Meng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBiosensors are powerful tools for detecting, real-time imaging, and quantifying molecules, but rapidly constructing diverse genetically encoded biosensors remains challenging. Here, we report a method to rapidly convert enzymes into genetically encoded circularly permuted fluorescent protein-based indicators to detect organic acids (GECFINDER). ANL superfamily enzymes undergo hinge-mediated ligand-coupling domain movement during catalysis. We introduce a circularly permuted fluorescent protein into enzymes hinges, converting ligand-induced conformational changes into significant fluorescence signal changes. We obtain 11 GECFINDERs for detecting phenylalanine, glutamic acid and other acids. GECFINDER-Phe3 and GECFINDER-Glu can efficiently and accurately quantify target molecules in biological samples in vitro. This method simplifies amino acid quantification without requiring complex equipment, potentially serving as point-of-care testing tools for clinical applications in low-resource environments. We also develop a GECFINDER-enabled droplet-based microfluidic high-throughput screening method for obtaining high-yield industrial strains. Our method provides a foundation for using enzymes as untapped blueprint resources for biosensor design, creation, and application.
Continuous multiplexed population representations of task context in the mouse primary visual cortex
Authors: Hajnal Márton Albert , Tran Duy , Einstein Michael , Martelo Mauricio Vallejo , Safaryan Karen , Polack Pierre-Olivier , Golshani Peyman , Orbán Gergő 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEffective task execution requires the representation of multiple task-related variables that determine how stimuli lead to correct responses. Even the primary visual cortex (V1) represents other task-related variables such as expectations, choice, and context. However, it is unclear how V1 can flexibly accommodate these variables without interfering with visual representations. We trained mice on a context-switching cross-modal decision task, where performance depends on inferring task context. We found that the context signal that emerged in V1 was behaviorally relevant as it strongly covaried with performance, independent from movement. Importantly, this signal was integrated into V1 representation by multiplexing visual and context signals into orthogonal subspaces. In addition, auditory and choice signals were also multiplexed as these signals were orthogonal to the context representation. Thus, multiplexing allows V1 to integrate visual inputs with other sensory modalities and cognitive variables to avoid interference with the visual representation while ensuring the maintenance of task-relevant variables.
Benchmarking organic active materials for aqueous redox flow batteries in terms of lifetime and cost
Authors: Emmel Dominik , Kunz Simon , Blume Nick , Kwon Yongchai , Turek Thomas , Minke Christine , Schröder Daniel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFlow batteries are one option for future, low-cost stationary energy storage. We present a perspective overview of the potential cost of organic active materials for aqueous flow batteries based on a comprehensive mathematical model. The battery capital costs for 38 different organic active materials, as well as the state-of-the-art vanadium system are elucidated. We reveal that only a small number of organic molecules would result in costs close to the vanadium reference system. We identify the most promising candidate as the phenazine 3,3′-(phenazine-1,6-diylbis(azanediyl))dipropionic acid) [1,6-DPAP], suggesting costs even below that of the vanadium reference. Additional cost-saving potential can be expected by mass production of these active materials; major benefits lie in the reduced electrolyte costs as well as power costs, although plant maintenance is a major challenge when applying organic materials. Moreover, this work is designed to be expandable. The developed calculation tool (ReFlowLab) accompanying this publication is open for updates with new data.
Intelligent surgical workflow recognition for endoscopic submucosal dissection with real-time animal study
Authors: Cao Jianfeng , Yip Hon-Chi , Chen Yueyao , Scheppach Markus , Luo Xiaobei , Yang Hongzheng , Cheng Ming Kit , Long Yonghao , Jin Yueming , Chiu Philip Wai-Yan , Yam Yeung , Meng Helen Mei-Ling , Dou Qi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecent advancements in artificial intelligence have witnessed human-level performance; however, AI-enabled cognitive assistance for therapeutic procedures has not been fully explored nor pre-clinically validated. Here we propose AI-Endo, an intelligent surgical workflow recognition suit, for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Our AI-Endo is trained on high-quality ESD cases from an expert endoscopist, covering a decade time expansion and consisting of 201,026 labeled frames. The learned model demonstrates outstanding performance on validation data, including cases from relatively junior endoscopists with various skill levels, procedures conducted with different endoscopy systems and therapeutic skills, and cohorts from international multi-centers. Furthermore, we integrate our AI-Endo with the Olympus endoscopic system and validate the AI-enabled cognitive assistance system with animal studies in live ESD training sessions. Dedicated data analysis from surgical phase recognition results is summarized in an automatically generated report for skill assessment.
3D chromatin interactions involving Drosophila insulators are infrequent but preferential and arise before TADs and transcription
Authors: Messina Olivier , Raynal Flavien , Gurgo Julian , Fiche Jean-Bernard , Pancaldi Vera , Nollmann Marcelo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn mammals, insulators contribute to the regulation of loop extrusion to organize chromatin into topologically associating domains. In Drosophila the role of insulators in 3D genome organization is, however, under current debate. Here, we addressed this question by combining bioinformatics analysis and multiplexed chromatin imaging. We describe a class of Drosophila insulators enriched at regions forming preferential chromatin interactions genome-wide. Notably, most of these 3D interactions do not involve TAD borders. Multiplexed imaging shows that these interactions occur infrequently, and only rarely involve multiple genomic regions coalescing together in space in single cells. Finally, we show that non-border preferential 3D interactions enriched in this class of insulators are present before TADs and transcription during Drosophila development. Our results are inconsistent with insulators forming stable hubs in single cells, and instead suggest that they fine-tune existing 3D chromatin interactions, providing an additional regulatory layer for transcriptional regulation.