bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the bacterial shape in urinary tract infections with the Sysmex UF-1000i analyser: technical note
Authors: Benhamza Noussaiba , Aarab Adnane , Farih Soumya , Saddari Abderrazak , Yacoubi Loubna , Benaissa Elmostapha , Ben Lahlou Yassine , Elouennass Mostafa , Maleb Adil 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The aim of our study was to explore the utility of the Sysmex UF-1000i analyzer as a rapid screening tool for urinary tract infections (UTI) and its ability to predict bacterial shape in order to help physicians choose the appropriate empiric treatment.

Materials and methods:
This is a retrospective study, including 1023 urine cytobacteriological examinations. Urines were processed according to the recommendations of the medical microbiology reference system (REMIC). Using the Sysmex Uf-1000i analyzer, the authors evaluated bacteria forward scatter (B_FSC) and fluorescent light scatter (B_FLH) in a preliminary discrimination step for UTI caused by bacilli or cocci bacteria.

Results:
The authors got 1023 positive samples. Comparing baccili and cocci bacteria, the authors observed a statistically significant difference for B_FSC but not for B_FLH. The values of B_FLH are very close for the four categories of microorganisms compared (bacilli, cocci, bacilli–cocci association, and yeasts). For these same categories, tests show different values for the B_FSC. A separate analysis of the B_FSC values for bacilli shows that their distribution is relatively homogeneous and exhibits a peak between 20 and 30 ch.

Conclusion:
Dimensional parameters of bacteria generated by UF-1000i could be a rapid and useful tool for predicting the bacterial shape causing UTI.
Herpes simplex virus infection and the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Elhalag Rowan H. , Motawea Karam R. , Talat Nesreen E. , Rouzan Samah S. , Mahmoud Nada , Hammad Elsayed M. , Reyad Sarraa M. , Mohamed Mai S. , Shah Jaffer 
Published: October 2023

Aim:
The authors aimed to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection and the risk of developing dementia.

Methods:
The authors searched the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The authors included any randomized control trials and controlled observational studies that investigated the prevalence of dementia in HSV-infected patients and HSV-free control group. Also, if the studies measured the levels of HSV antibodies and incidence of these antibodies in patients with dementia compared with a healthy control group.

Results:
After a comprehensive literature search, 19 studies were included in the meta-analysis with 342 535 patients included in the analysis. The pooled analysis showed a statistically significant association between Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and increased levels of IgG titer group [mean difference (MD) = 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.36–1.63, P-value = 0.002], (MD = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.26–1.35, P-value = 0.004), respectively. Additionally, the generic inverse variance showed a statistically significant association between the HSV group and increased incidence of dementia compared with the no HSV control group [risk ratio (RR) = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.18–2.29, P-value <0.00001]. Moreover, this analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the AD group and the control group in anti-HSV IgM titer n (%) outcome (RR = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.91–2.01, P-value = 0.14), respectively.

Conclusion:
This study revealed that AD and MCI patients have increased levels of IgG antibodies titer against HSV infection. The study showed a significant association between HSV infection and increased incidence of dementia. Thus, regular follow-up of HSV patients’ IgG titer levels could be useful in the prevention of dementia in these patients.
Low-dose atorvastatin therapy induced rhabdomyolysis in a liver cirrhosis patient – a case report
Authors: Bhattarai Shashank , Pradhan Sandip R. , Bhattarai Shraddha 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
Rhabdomyolysis may arise due to traumatic or non-traumatic causes leading to muscle injury. However, increased statin use has raised drug-related side effects like statin-related muscle damage.

Case report:
A 74-year-old male with liver cirrhosis secondary to alcohol was prescribed atorvastatin for hyperlipidemia. He developed muscle tenderness and decreased muscle power 2 weeks following statin therapy, evident with a creatine phosphokinase level of more than 22 000 IU/l. The urinalysis also revealed positive for blood. Hence, atorvastatin was ceased. The patient’s laboratory parameters improved significantly, implying atorvastatin is the causative agent for rhabdomyolysis.

Discussion:
Statins are usually safe and well-tolerated drugs; however, skeletal muscle symptoms occur in ~5–10% of patients. The risk factor for statin-induced muscle injury includes advanced age, drug-altering statin plasma level, liver disease, or chronic kidney disease. Moreover, the hepatic level of CYP450 and its CYP3A4 isoform are altered in chronic liver diseases. CYP3A4 isoenzyme and its activity declines in hepatic cirrhosis patients.

Conclusion:
Statins are generally prescribed for hyperlipidemia and primary and secondary prevention in high-risk cardiovascular diseases. However, several risk factors alter statin metabolism, causing statin-induced muscle injury. Thus, despite several studies suggesting otherwise, special precautions should be taken in patients with chronic liver disease.
Lambda-cyhalothrin ingestion: an infrequent yet concerning presentation of pyrethroid poisoning
Authors: Silwal Prabhat , Adhikari Rojeena , Yadav Binay , Sah Sanjan K. , Bhatt Ajay , Basnet Samjhana 
Published: October 2023

Introduction and importance:
Lambda-cyhalothrin is a type II pyrethroid compound commonly used as a pesticide, with the potential to cause life-threatening toxicity in humans. Furthermore, among cases of pesticide poisoning in Nepal, organophosphates are most frequently implicated.

Case presentation:
A 40-year-old female presented to our hospital after ingesting a pesticide compound with suicidal intent. She also admitted to alcohol intoxication and exhibited symptoms of confusion, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. An atropine challenge test yielded negative results. Therefore, conservative management was continued. It was discovered later that the ingested pesticide was lambda-cyhalothrin. The patient’s condition eventually improved with supportive treatment.

Clinical discussion:
Several reports have highlighted the overlapping clinical features between organophosphorus and pyrethroid poisoning. In some cases of pyrethroid poisoning, misdiagnosis as organophosphorus poisoning has occurred, leading to the inappropriate administration of atropine. In our case, initial management was challenging owing to the lack of accurate information about the ingested compound. On further evaluation, cholinergic clinical features were absent and the atropine challenge test was negative. This was suggestive of nonorganophosphorus compound poisoning.

Conclusion:
This case illustrates that managing pesticide poisoning becomes challenging when the nature of the pesticide is unknown. Patients suffering from poisoning caused by pyrethroid compounds like lambda-cyhalothrin can present with features resembling organophosphorus poisoning. In such circumstances, a comprehensive clinical evaluation should guide the management. Clinical features and an atropine challenge test can aid in differentiating organophosphorus from nonorganophosphorus compound poisoning. This distinction facilitates therapeutic decision-making, including the consideration of atropine administration.
Pembrolizumab-Associated Pneumonitis Resembling Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis in a Melanoma Patient
Authors: Umehana Masaki , Hosono Makoto , Hijikata Yoichiro , Takahashi Mina , Kanagaki Mitsunori 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In recent years, many articles have described the adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. We report the case of a 63-year-old woman with bilateral lung shadows after 1-year pembrolizumab immunotherapy following surgery for the right-foot melanoma because of positive sentinel lymph nodes. Follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated bilateral diffuse mass-like peribronchovascular opacities with marked FDG uptake. Clinically, melanoma metastases with lymphangitic spread were suspected, and bronchoscopy was performed, although no evidence of malignancy was found. The lung shadow was mostly resolved after steroid treatment. Pembrolizumab-induced pneumonitis can be a mimicker of melanoma metastasis with lymphangitic spread.
Isolated Skull Metastasis With Unusual Spiculated Periosteal Reaction From Rectal Cancer Resembling Osteosarcoma on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Liu Mingyuan , Dong Aisheng , Zuo Changjin , Zhu Yan , Fu Xiaoling 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We describe FDG PET/CT findings in a case of isolated skull metastasis with spiculated periosteal reaction from rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma 8 years after proctectomy. The skull metastasis showed heterogeneous FDG uptake and multiple short spicules of bone producing the sunburst appearance resembling primary osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma. Familiarity with this atypical imaging appearance of the bone metastasis from rectal cancer may be helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
The Value of Transanal Normal Saline Infusion–Assisted Multipath Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of T1/T2 Rectal Cancer
Authors: Wu Shengnan , Wei Linglin , Chen Hailan , Xu Yu , Zhou You , Liu Xinxiu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study aims to assess the application value of transanal normal saline infusion–assisted multipath ultrasonography (TNSI-MU) in the diagnosis of T1/T2 rectal cancer (RC). All patients first received single-path 360-degree transrectal ultrasonography and then received 360-degree transrectal ultrasonography, transabdominal ultrasonography, or transvaginal ultrasonography after TNSI to determine the T stage. With surgical pathology as the criterion standard, the detection rates of T1/T2 RC lesions and the T-staging results of single-path 360-degree transrectal ultrasonography, TNSI-MU, and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compared and analyzed. T1/T2 RC was surgically and pathologically confirmed in 52 patients. Single-path 360-degree transrectal ultrasonography had a lesion detection rate of 57.69% (30/52) and a T-staging accuracy of 80.0% (24/30), the sensitivity was 57.69%, and the specificity was 88.46%. Transanal normal saline infusion–assisted multipath ultrasonography had a lesion detection rate of 100%, and its T-staging accuracy was 84.62% (44/52), the sensitivity was 100%, and the specificity was 88.61%. Transanal normal saline infusion–assisted multipath ultrasonography had a significantly higher detection rate of T1/T2 RC lesions than single-path 360-degree transrectal ultrasonography (P < 0.001), but the 2 methods had similar T-staging accuracy for T1/T2 RC (χ2 = 0.286, P = 0.593). Contrast-enhanced MRI had a lesion detection rate of 100% and a T-staging accuracy of 40.38% (21/52), the sensitivity was 98.07%, and the specificity was 61.54%. Transanal normal saline infusion–assisted multipath ultrasonography had significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than contrast-enhanced MRI for T staging of T1/T2 RC (P < 0.001), and the diagnostic results of the 2 methods were not consistent (κ = 0.151). Transanal normal saline infusion–assisted multipath ultrasonography outperformed single-path 360-degree transrectal ultrasonography in the detection rate of T1/T2 RC lesions and contrast-enhanced MRI in the staging accuracy for T1/T2 RC.
Intercostal Nerve Cryoablation Reduces Opioid Use and Length of Stay Without Increasing Adverse Events
Authors: Linton Samuel C. , Tian Yao , Zeineddin Suhail , Alayleh Amin , De Boer Chris , Goldstein Seth D. , Ghomrawi Hassan M.K. , Abdullah Fizan 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
To examine differences in opioid use, length of stay and adverse events after minimally invasive correction of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) with and without intercostal nerve cryoablation.

Summary Background Data:
Small studies show that intraoperative intercostal nerve cryoablation provides effective analgesia with no large-scale evaluations of this technique.

Methods:
The pediatric health information system database was used to perform a retrospective cohort study comparing patients undergoing MIRPE at children’s hospitals before and after initiation of cryoablation. The association of cryoablation use with inpatient opioid use was determined using quantile regression with robust standard errors. Difference in risk adjusted length of stay between the cohorts was estimated using negative binomial regression. Odds of adverse events between the two cohorts were compared using logistic regression with a generalized estimating equation.

Results:
5442 patients underwent MIRPE at 44 children’s hospitals between 2016 and 2022 with 1592 patients treated after cryoablation was introduced at their hospital. Cryoablation use was associated with a median decrease of 80.8 (95% CI: 68.6-93.0) total oral morphine equivalents as well as a decrease in estimated median length of stay from 3.5[3.2-3.9] days to 2.5[2.2-2.9] days (P-value 0.016). Cryoablation use was not significantly associated with an increase in any studied adverse events.

Conclusions:
Introduction of cryoablation for perioperative analgesia was associated with decreased inpatient opioid use and length of stay in a large sample with no change in adverse events. This novel modality for peri-operative analgesia offers a promising alternative to traditional pain management in thoracic surgery.
Characterisation of neonatal Staphylococcus capitis NRCS-A isolates compared with non NRCS-A Staphylococcus capitis from neonates and adults
Authors: Felgate Heather , Sethi Dheeraj , Faust Kirsten , Kiy Cemsid , Härtel Christoph , Rupp Jan , Clifford Rebecca , Dean Rachael , Tremlett Catherine , Wain John , Langridge Gemma , Clarke Paul , Page Andrew J. , Webber Mark A. 
Published: October 2023

Staphylococcus capitis

is a frequent cause of late-onset sepsis in neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). One clone of

S. capitis

, NRCS-A has been isolated from NICUs globally although the reasons for the global success of this clone are not well understood.
We analysed a collection of

S. capitis

colonising babies admitted to two NICUs, one in the UK and one in Germany as well as corresponding pathological clinical isolates. Genome analysis identified a population structure of three groups; non-NRCS-A isolates, NRCS-A isolates, and a group of ‘proto NRCS-A’ – isolates closely related to NRCS-A but not associated with neonatal infection. All bloodstream isolates belonged to the NRCS-A group and were indistinguishable from strains carried on the skin or in the gut. NRCS-A isolates showed increased tolerance to chlorhexidine and antibiotics relative to the other

S. capitis

as well as enhanced ability to grow at higher pH values. Analysis of the pangenome of 138 isolates identified characteristic nsr and tarJ genes in both the NRCS-A and proto groups. A CRISPR-cas system was only seen in NRCS-A isolates which also showed enrichment of genes for metal acquisition and transport.
We found evidence for transmission of

S. capitis

NRCS-A within NICU, with related isolates shared between babies and multiple acquisitions by some babies. Our data show NRCS-A strains commonly colonise uninfected babies in NICU representing a potential reservoir for potential infection. This work provides more evidence that adaptation to survive in the gut and on skin facilitates spread of NRCS-A, and that metal acquisition and tolerance may be important to the biology of NRCS-A. Understanding how NRCS-A survives in NICUs can help develop infection control procedures against this clone.
Modeling spillover dynamics: understanding emerging pathogens of public health concern
Authors: Saldaña Fernando , Stollenwerk Nico , Bidaurrazaga Van-Dierdonck Joseba , Aguiar Maíra 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThe emergence of infectious diseases with pandemic potential is a major public health threat worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, around 60% of the reported emerging infectious diseases are zoonoses and have been triggered by spillover events. Although the dynamics of spillover events are not yet well understood, mathematical modeling has the potential to characterize the highly complex interactions among pathogens, wildlife, humans, and the environment where they coexist. In this work, motivated by discussions on the introductory phase of SARS-CoV-2 towards a pandemic scenario, we address the so far unexplored the emergence of novel infectious agents. Aiming at gaining insights into the dynamics of spillover events and the final outcome of an eventual disease outbreak in a population, we propose a continuous time stochastic modeling framework to describe a cross-species disease transmission by coupling the dynamics of animal reservoirs and human hosts. A complete analysis of the system is conducted, followed by numerical experiments where we investigate different scenarios of spillover events. Applied to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox viruses, our results provide insights into the emergence of new infectious diseases able to cause not only local outbreaks but eventually explosive epidemics towards a pandemic.
Cerebral Visual Impairment: genetic diagnoses and phenotypic associations
Authors: Shaw Emogene ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Flitcroft Ian , Bowman Richard , Baker Kate 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundCerebral visual impairment (CVI) is the commonest form of paediatric visual impairment in developed countries. CVI can arise from a host of genetic or acquired causes, but there has been limited research to date on CVI in the context of genetic disorders.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective analysis of genotypic and phenotypic data for participants with CVI within the DECIPHER database and 100,000 Genomes Project (100KGP).Results158 individuals with CVI were identified across both cohorts. Within this group, pathogenic or likely pathogenic sequence variants in 173 genes were identified. 25 of these genes already have known associations with CVI, whilst the remaining 148 are candidate genes for this phenotype. Gene Ontology analysis of the CVI gene sets from both DECIPHER and 100KGP suggest that CVI has a similar degree of genetic heterogeneity to other neurodevelopmental phenotypes, and a strong association with genetic variants converging on ion channels and receptor functions. Individuals with a monogenic disorder and CVI have a higher frequency of epilepsies and severe neurodisability than individuals with a monogenic disorder but not CVI.ConclusionThis study supports the availability of genetic testing for individuals with CVI alongside other neurodevelopmental difficulties. It also supports the availability of ophthalmological screening for individuals with genetic diagnoses linked to CVI. Further studies could elaborate on the links between specific genetic disorders, visual maturation and broader neurodevelopmental characteristics.What is known about the subject?CVI is the most prevalent form of paediatric-onset visual impairment in the developed world.CVI commonly occurs alongside other neurodevelopmental phenotypes such as epilepsies, global developmental delay, cerebral palsy, ADHD and autism.CVI is known to have genetic aetiology, which is often undiagnosed.What this study adds?This study reports CVI-associated genetic diagnoses and phenotypic associations for two large cohortsGene ontology annotations have been analysed for candidate CVI genesHow this study might affect research, practice or policyThis study has implications for genetic testing in children with CVIThis study has implications for CVI screening in children with a genetic diagnosis
The Mediterranean Diet, Cardiometabolic Biomarkers, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A 25-Year Follow-Up Study of the Women’s Health Study
Authors: Ahmad Shafqat , Moorthy M. Vinayaga , Lee I-Min , Ridker Paul M , Manson JoAnn E. , Buring Julie , Demler Olga V. , Mora Samia 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundHigher consumption of Mediterranean diet (MED) intake has been associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality but limited data are available examining long-term outcomes in women or the underlying molecular mechanisms of this inverse association in human populations. We aimed to investigate the association of MED intake with long-term risk of all-cause mortality in women and to better characterize the relative contribution of traditional and novel cardiometabolic factors to the MED-related risk reduction in morality.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study of 25,315 initially healthy women from the Women’s Health Study, we assessed dietary MED intake using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire according to the usual 9-category measure of MED adherence. Baseline levels of more than thirty cardiometabolic biomarkers were measured using standard assays and targeted nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, including lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, inflammation, glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, branched-chain amino acids, small metabolites, and clinical factors. Mortality and cause of death was ascertained prospectively through medical and death records.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 25 years, 3,879 deaths were ascertained. Compared to the reference group of low MED intake (0-3, approximately the bottom tertile), and adjusting for age, treatment, and energy intake, risk reductions were observed for the middle and upper MED groups with respective HRs of 0.84 (95% CI 0.78-0.90) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.70-0.84), p for trend <0.0001. Further adjusting for smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake and menopausal factors attenuated the risk reductions which remained significant with respective HRs of 0.92 (95% CI 0.85-0.99) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.82-0.98), p for trend 0.0011. Risk reductions were generally similar for CVD and non-CVD mortality. Small molecule metabolites (e.g., alanine and homocysteine) and inflammation made the largest contributions to lower mortality risk (accounting for 14.8% and 13.0% of the benefit of the MED-mortality association, respectively), followed by triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (10.2%), adiposity (10.2%) and insulin resistance (7.4%), with lesser contributions (<3%) from other pathways including branched-chain amino acids, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, glycemic measures, and hypertension.ConclusionsIn the large-scale prospective Women’s Health Study of 25,315 initially healthy US women followed for 25 years, higher MED intake was associated with approximately one fifth relative risk reduction in mortality. The inverse association was only partially explained by known novel and traditional cardiometabolic factors.