bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface-enhanced photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy of single molecule confined in coupled Au bowtie nanoantenna
Authors: Pei Huan , Peng Weifeng , Zhang Jiale , Zhao Jiaxin , Qi Jialu , Yu Changjian , Li Jing , Wei Yong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Optical nanoantennas possess broad applications in the fields of photodetection, environmental science, biosensing and nonlinear optics, owing to their remarkable ability to enhance and confine the optical field at the nanoscale. In this article, we present a theoretical investigation of surface-enhanced photoluminescence spectroscopy for single molecules confined within novel Au bowtie nanoantenna, covering a wavelength range from the visible to near-infrared spectral regions. We employ the finite element method to quantitatively study the optical enhancement properties of the plasmonic field, quantum yield, Raman scattering and fluorescence. Additionally, we systematically examine the contribution of nonlocal dielectric response in the gap mode to the quantum yield, aiming to gain a better understanding of the fluorescence enhancement mechanism. Our results demonstrate that altering the configuration of the nanoantenna has a significant impact on plasmonic sensitivity. The nonlocal dielectric response plays a crucial role in reducing the quantum yield and corresponding fluorescence intensity when the gap distance is less than 3 nm. However, a substantial excitation field can effectively overcome fluorescence quenching and enhance the fluorescence intensity. By optimizing nanoantenna configuration, the maximum enhancement of surface-enhanced Raman can be turned to 9 and 10 magnitude orders in the visible and near-infrared regions, and 3 and 4 magnitude orders for fluorescence enhancement, respectively. The maximum spatial resolutions of 0.8 nm and 1.5 nm for Raman and fluorescence are also achieved, respectively. Our calculated results not only provide theoretical guidance for the design and application of new nanoantennas, but also contribute to expanding the range of surface-enhanced Raman and fluorescence technology from the visible to the near-infrared region.
Metrical properties of the large products of partial quotients in continued fractions
Authors: Tan Bo , Zhou Qing-Long 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The study of products of consecutive partial quotients in the continued fraction arises naturally out of the improvements to Dirichlet’s theorem. We study the distribution of the two large products of partial quotients among the first n terms. More precisely, writing

[

a
1

(
x
)
,

a
2

(
x
)
,
…
]

the continued fraction expansion of an irrational number

x
∈
(
0
,
1
)

, for a non-decreasing function

φ
:

N

→

R

, we completely determine the size of the set

F

2

(
φ
)
=

x
∈
[
0
,
1
)
:
∃
1
⩽
k
≠
l
⩽
n
,

a

k

(
x
)

a

k
+
1

(
x
)
⩾
φ
(
n
)
,

a

l

(
x
)

a

l
+
1

(
x
)
⩾
φ
(
n
)

for infinitely many
n
∈

N

in terms of Lebesgue measure and Hausdorff dimension.
Regional ventilation distribution before and after laparoscopic lung parenchymal resection
Authors: Xiao Zhibin , Yang Lin , Dai Meng , Lu Wenjun , Liu Feng , Frerichs Inéz , Gao Changjun , Sun Xude , Zhao Zhanqi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of one-sided pulmonary nodule and tumour on ventilation distribution pre- and post- partial lung resection. Approach. A total of 40 consecutive patients scheduled for laparoscopic lung parenchymal resection were included. Ventilation distribution was measured with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in supine and surgery lateral positions 72 h before surgery (T1) and 48 h after extubation (T2). Left lung to global ventilation ratio (F
l), the global inhomogeneity index (GI), standard deviation of regional ventilation delay (RVDSD) and pendelluft amplitude (A
pendelluft) were calculated to assess the spatial and temporal ventilation distribution. Main results. After surgery (T2), ventilation at the operated chest sides generally deteriorated compared to T1 as expected. For right-side resection, the differences were significant at both supine and left lateral positions (p < 0.001). The change of RVDSD was in general more heterogeneous. For left-side resection, RVDSD was worse at T2 compared to T1 at left lateral position (p = 0.002). The other EIT-based parameters showed no significant differences between the two time points. No significant differences were observed between supine and lateral positions for the same time points respectively. Significance. In the present study, we found that the surgery side influenced the ventilation distribution. When the resection was performed on the right lung, the postoperative ipsilateral ventilation was reduced and the right lung ratio fell significantly. When the resection was on the left lung, the ventilation delay was significantly increased.
The radial localization of the transition from low to high confinement mode in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak
Authors: Cavedon M , Happel T , Hennequin P , Dux R , Höfler K , Plank U , Pütterich T , Stroth U , Viezzer E , Wolfrum E ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A novel experimental method is applied to localize the initial suppression of turbulence, in the form of density fluctuations, at the transition from the low (L-) to the high (H-) confinement mode in toroidal magnetic fusion plasmas. The high radial and temporal resolution, combined with the unprecedented statistical significance, provided the awaited information on a possible dominant

E

×

B

shear layer in L-H transition physics. We show, for the first time, that the H-mode turbulence suppression is initiated at the inner

E

×

B

shear layer in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak possibly shedding light on the causality behind the L-H transition process.
Molecular dynamics study of thermal transport across diamond/cubic boron nitride interfaces
Authors: Li Yangyang , Zhao Qiang , Liu Yang , huang Mei , Ouyang Xiaoping 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The thermal transport properties at the interface of diamond and cubic boron nitride (c-BN) heterostructures significantly influence heat dissipation in high-power electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, a fundamental understanding of the various parameters modulating the interfacial thermal conductance is still lacking. In this work, we employ non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations to systematically investigate the effects of system size, temperature, and defect density on the interfacial thermal conductance across diamond/c-BN interfaces. The results indicate a positive correlation between system length and interface thermal conductance when below the phonon mean free path threshold, attributable to ballistic phonon transport regimes in smaller domains. Additionally, we observe an incremental enhancement in interface thermal conductance with increasing temperature, stemmed from intensified phonon-phonon interactions and reduced boundary scattering of thermal energy carriers. The introduction of vacancy and twinning defects is found to hinder interfacial thermal transport due to heightened phonon scattering processes that impede phononic transmission. The interatomic interactions and lattice dynamics are analyzed to provide insights into the underlying thermal transport physics at the atomistic scale. By tuning the system length from 4 to 16 nm, temperature from 300 to 500 K, and defect density from 0 to 0.4%, we achieve tunable control of the interfacial thermal conductance. Our study elucidates the multiscale mechanisms governing thermal transport across diamond/c-BN and provides potential pathways to actively tailor interfacial thermal properties through structural and temperature engineering. The fundamental understandings are valuable for optimizing heat dissipation and enabling thermal management solutions in next-generation power electronics leveraging these materials.
Length measurement based on multi-wavelength interferometry using numerous stabilized frequency modes of an optical comb
Authors: Park Jungjae , Jang Yoon-Soo , Jin Jonghan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The electro-optic comb (EO comb) with a relatively wide mode spacing of 25 GHz can be resolved into individual frequency modes with a commercially available high-resolution spectrometer. The EO comb has numerous discrete frequency modes, which can serve as a light source for a monochromatic laser interferometer to realize the meter. In this study, a method for measuring the absolute distances based on the multi-wavelength interferometer principle is proposed and demonstrated by simultaneously implementing 102 monochromatic laser interferometers using an EO comb. A phase shifting technique was used to determine the phase for each frequency mode by precisely translating a reference mirror with a constant interval. The phases of the interference signals for 102 stabilized individual frequency modes were measured by applying the model-based analysis on the phase-shifted interference signals. The absolute distance can be determined using phase values of a wavelength set corresponding to five to seven randomly selected frequency modes. In this study, the absolute distances for round-trip distances of 166 mm and 1316 mm were measured and the measurement uncertainty of each distance was evaluated. Through the uncertainty analysis of the distance measurement, the combined uncertainties of the measured distances in a short and long ranges were evaluated to be 30.1 nm and 211.1 nm, respectively. In addition, for each distance, the consistent measurement results of absolute distances were obtained through four different wavelength sets, which show the flexibility of wavelength selection in this work.
Accuracy and Preferences for Legal Error
Authors: Mungan Murat C , Obidzinski Marie , Oytana Yves 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Legal procedures used to determine liability trade-off type-1 errors (e.g., false convictions) against type-2 errors (e.g., false acquittals). After noting that people’s relative preferences for type-1 errors (compared to type-2 errors) appear to be negatively correlated with technological advancements, we study how the accuracy of evidence collection methods may affect the trade-off between these two errors. Counter-intuitively, we find that under some conditions, greater accuracy may result in a higher probability of type-1 error (or type-2 error) maximizing deterrence. Then, assuming both errors are decreasing in accuracy, we characterize the type-1 error that emerges under electoral pressures (when the median voter’s preferences are implemented): convictions occur more often than is socially optimal but less often than is necessary to maximize deterrence. Moreover, as the harm from crime increases, the median voter becomes less tolerant of type-1 errors as the legal system’s accuracy increases. We also show that, because the median voter is less averse toward type-1 errors than the average citizen, an increase in accuracy may reduce welfare.
Transcriptome data from silica-preserved leaf tissue reveal gene flow patterns in a Caribbean bromeliad
Authors: Ruiz-Vargas Natalia , Ramanauskas Karolis , Tyszka Alexa S , Bretz Eric C , Yeo May T S , Mason-Gamer Roberta J , Walker Joseph F 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Transcriptome sequencing is a cost-effective approach that allows researchers to study a broad range of questions. However, to preserve RNA for transcriptome sequencing, tissue is often kept in special conditions, such as immediate ultracold freezing. Here, we demonstrate that RNA can be obtained from 6-month-old, field-collected samples stored in silica gel at room temperature. Using these transcriptomes, we explore the evolutionary relationships of the genus Pitcairnia (Bromeliaceae) in the Dominican Republic and infer barriers to gene flow.

Methods
We extracted RNA from silica-dried leaf tissue from 19 Pitcairnia individuals collected across the Dominican Republic. We used a series of macro- and micro-evolutionary approaches to examine the relationships and patterns of gene flow among individuals.

Key Results
We produced high-quality transcriptomes from silica-dried material and demonstrated that evolutionary relationships on the island match geography more closely than species delimitation methods. A population genetic examination indicates that a combination of ecological and geographical features presents barriers to gene flow in Pitcairnia.

Conclusions
Transcriptomes can be obtained from silica-preserved tissue. The genetic diversity among Pitcairnia populations does not warrant classification as separate species, but the Dominican Republic contains several barriers to gene flow, notably the Cordillera Central mountain range.
Linear dichroism measurement of geomagnetic orientation of magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Watarai Hitoshi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The magnetic orientation of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in dried and aqueous dispersion samples was investigated under weak magnetic fields down to the geomagnetic field using linear dichroism measurements. The geomagnetic orientation of MNPs was observed when the primary MNPs in dispersions made the agglomerates using a magnetic moment that was about 10 times larger than that of the primary particle.
Can humans smell tastants?
Authors: Mu Shuo , Stieger Markus , Boesveldt Sanne 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Although studies have shown that olfaction may contribute to the perception of tastant, literature is scarce or circumstantial, especially in humans. This study aims to (i) explore whether humans can perceive solutions of basic prototypical tastants through orthonasal and retronasal olfaction and (ii) to examine what volatile odor compounds (VOCs) underlie this ability. Solutions of 5 basic tastants (sucrose, sodium chloride, citric acid, monosodium glutamate [MSG], quinine) dissolved in water, and 2 fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acid) dissolved in mineral oil were prepared. Triangle discrimination tests were performed (n = 41 in duplicate) to assess whether the tastant solutions can be distinguished from blanks (solvents) through ortho- and retronasal olfaction. Participants were able to distinguish all tastant solutions from blank through orthonasal olfaction. Only sucrose, sodium chloride, oleic acid, and linoleic acid were distinguished from blank by retronasal olfaction. Ethyl dichloroacetate, methylene chloride, and/or acetone were identified in the headspace of sucrose, MSG, and quinine solutions but not in the headspace of water, sodium chloride, and citric acid solutions. Fat oxidation compounds such as alcohols and aldehydes were detected in the headspace of the oleic and linoleic acid solutions but not the mineral oil. We conclude that prototypical tastant solutions can be discriminated from water and fatty acid solutions from mineral oil through orthonasal olfaction. Differences in the volatile headspace composition between blanks and tastant solutions may have facilitated the olfactory discrimination. These findings can have methodological implications for future studies assessing gustatory perception using these prototypical taste compounds.
Emerging Strategies in Lung Cancer Screening: Blood and Beyond
Authors: Bhalla Sheena , Yi Sofia , Gerber David E 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Although low dose computed tomography (LDCT)-based lung cancer screening (LCS) can decrease lung cancer-related mortality among high-risk individuals, it remains an imperfect and substantially underutilized process. LDCT-based LCS may result in false-positive findings, which can lead to invasive procedures and potential morbidity. Conversely, current guidelines may fail to capture at-risk individuals, particularly those from under-represented minority populations. To address these limitations, numerous biomarkers have emerged to complement LDCT and improve early lung cancer detection.

Content
This review focuses primarily on blood-based biomarkers, including protein, microRNAs, circulating DNA, and methylated DNA panels, in current clinical development for LCS. We also examine other emerging biomarkers—utilizing airway epithelia, exhaled breath, sputum, and urine—under investigation. We highlight challenges and limitations of biomarker testing, as well as recent strategies to integrate molecular strategies with imaging technologies.

Summary
Multiple biomarkers are under active investigation for LCS, either to improve risk-stratification after nodule detection or to optimize risk-based patient selection for LDCT-based screening. Results from ongoing and future clinical trials will elucidate the clinical utility of biomarkers in the LCS paradigm.
Efficacy of Lapatinib in Patients with HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer and HER2-Positive Circulating Tumor Cells—The DETECT III Clinical Trial
Authors: Fehm Tanja , Mueller Volkmar , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Fasching Peter A , Friedl Thomas W P , Hartkopf Andreas , Huober Jens , Loehberg Christian , Rack Brigitte , Riethdorf Sabine , Schneeweiss Andreas , Wallwiener Diethelm , Meier-Stiegen Franziska , Krawczyk Natalia , Jaeger Bernadette , Reinhardt Florian , Hoffmann Oliver , Mueller Lothar , Wimberger Pauline , Ruckhaeberle Eugen , Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Cieslik Jan-Philipp , Franken André , Niederacher Dieter , Neubauer Hans , Pantel Klaus , Janni Wolfgang ,   for the DETECT Study Group
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The phenotypes of tumor cells change during disease progression, but invasive rebiopsies of metastatic lesions are not always feasible. Here we aimed to determine whether initially HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients with HER2-positive circulating tumor cells (CTCs) benefit from a HER2-targeted therapy.

Methods
The open-label, interventional randomized phase III clinical trial (EudraCT Number 2010-024238-46, CliniclTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01619111) recruited from March 2012 until September 2019 with a follow-up duration of 19.5 months. It was a multicenter clinical trial with 94 participating German study centers. A total of 2137 patients with HER2-negative MBC were screened for HER2-positive CTCs with a final modified intention-to-treat population of 101 patients. Eligible patients were randomized to standard therapy with or without lapatinib. Primary study endpoints included CTC clearance (no CTCs at the end of treatment) and secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, overall survival (OS), and safety.

Results
In both treatment arms CTC clearance at first follow-up visit—although not being significantly different for both arms at any time point—was significantly associated with improved OS (42.4 vs 14.1 months; P = 0.002). Patients treated additionally with lapatinib had a significantly improved OS over patients receiving standard treatment (20.5 vs 9.1 months, P = 0.009).

Conclusions
DETECT III is the first clinical study indicating that phenotyping of CTCs might have clinical utility for stratification of MBC cancer patients to HER2-targeting therapies. The OS benefit could be related to lapatinib, but further studies are required to prove this clinical observation.
ClinicalTrials.gov Registration Number: NCT01619111.
Deciphering the Exact Sequence of Endogenous Soluble B Cell Maturation Antigen and Unbiased Quantitation in Multiple Myeloma Patient Samples by LC-MS
Authors: Shen Xiaomeng , Dong Xue , Shi Jianxia , Chen Hao , Lan Yun , Lim Ai Ching , Xie Fang , Ang Agnes , Kratzer Andrea , Rock Dan A , Rock Brooke M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
B-cell maturation antigen is a pivotal therapeutic target for multiple myeloma (MM). Membrane-bound BCMA can be cleaved by γ-secretase and shed as soluble BCMA (sBCMA). sBCMA can act as a neutralizing sink to compete with drug, as well as serve as a diagnostic/prognostic biomarker for MM. Antibody-capture based methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoaffinity-liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring (IA-LC-MRM), have been reported and well adopted to measure sBCMA in clinical samples. However, both methods are biased by capturing antibodies.

Methods
We have used various LC-MS workflows to characterize and quantify endogenous sBCMA in MM patient samples, including bottom-up peptide mapping, intact analysis, IA-based, and reagent-free (RF)-LC-MRM quantitation.

Results
We have confirmed that sBCMA contains a variable N-terminus and a C-terminus that extends to the transmembrane domain, ending at amino acid 61. Leveraging an in-house synthesized G-1-61 sBCMA recombinant standard, we developed a RF-LC-MRM method for unbiased sBCMA quantitation in MM patient samples. By comparing the results from RF-LC-MRM with ELISA and IA-LC-MRM, we demonstrated that RF-LC-MRM measures a more complete pool of endogenous sBCMA compared to the antibody-based methods.

Conclusions
This work fills the knowledge gap of the exact sequence of endogenous sBCMA for the first time, which differs from the current commercially available standard. Additionally, this work highlights the necessity of identifying the actual sequence of an endogenous soluble target such as sBCMA, both for bioanalytical purposes and to underpin pharmacodynamic measurements.
Meta-Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cell PD-L1 Expression and the Association with Clinical Outcomes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Acheampong Emmanuel , Allsopp Rebecca C , Page Karen , Wadsley Marc K , Beasley Aaron B , Coombes R Charles , Shaw Jacqui A , Gray Elin S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been suggested to provide prognostic information in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but consensus relative to treatment outcomes is lacking. We conducted the first comprehensive meta-analysis exploring its potential as a prognostic and predictive marker, and assessed the concordance between PD-L1 + CTCs and paired tumor tissue in NSCLC patients.

Method
A comprehensive search was applied to PubMed and EMBASE to identify 26 studies that evaluated PD-L1 + CTCs and their association with survival outcomes in 1236 NSCLC patients.

Results
The meta-analysis estimated a mean PD-L1 + CTCs detection rate of 61% (95% CI, 49–72). Subgroup analysis based on treatment showed that PD-L1 + CTCs was not significantly associated with better overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.96, 95% CI, 0.35–2.65, P = 0.944), but was predictive of worse OS in those treated with other therapies (HR = 2.11, 95% CI, 1.32–3.36, P = 0.002). Similarly, PD-L1 + CTCs was not significantly associated with superior progressing free survival (PFS) in NSCLCs treated with ICIs (HR = 0.67, 95% CI, 0.41–1.09, P = 0.121), but was significantly associated with shorter PFS in patients treated with other therapies (HR = 1.91, 95% CI, 1.24–2.94, P = 0.001). The overall estimate for the concordance between PD-L1 expression on CTCs and tumor cells was 63% (95% CI, 44–80).

Conclusion
The average detection rate of PD-L1 + CTCs was comparable to the rate of PD-L1 expression in NSCLC tumors. There was a trend towards better PFS in ICI-treated NSCLC patients with PD-L1 + CTCs. Larger longitudinal studies on the association of PD-L1 + CTCs with clinical outcomes in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs are warranted.