bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene therapy with AAV9‐SGPL1 in an animal model of lung fibrosis
Authors: Bhattacharyya Aritra , Khan Ranjha , Lee Joanna Y , Tassew Gizachew , Oskouian Babak , Allende Maria L , Proia Richard L , Yin Xiaoyang , Ortega Javier G , Bhattacharya Mallar , Saba Julie D 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive scarring disease of the lung that leads rapidly to respiratory failure. Novel approaches to treatment are urgently needed. The bioactive lipid sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is increased in IPF lungs and promotes proinflammatory and profibrotic TGF‐β signaling. Hence, decreasing lung S1P represents a potential therapeutic strategy for IPF. S1P is degraded by the intracellular enzyme S1P lyase (SPL). Here we find that a knock‐in mouse with a missense SPL mutation mimicking human disease resulted in reduced SPL activity, increased S1P, increased TGF‐β signaling, increased lung fibrosis, and higher mortality after injury compared to wild type (WT). We then tested adeno‐associated virus 9 (AAV9)‐mediated overexpression of human SGPL1 (AAV‐SPL) in mice as a therapeutic modality. Intravenous treatment with AAV‐SPL augmented lung SPL activity, attenuated S1P levels within the lungs, and decreased injury‐induced fibrosis compared to controls treated with saline or only AAV. We confirmed that AAV‐SPL treatment led to higher expression of SPL in the epithelial and fibroblast compartments during bleomycin‐induced lung injury. Additionally, AAV‐SPL decreased expression of the profibrotic cytokines TNFα and IL1β as well as markers of fibroblast activation, such as fibronectin (Fn1), Tgfb1, Acta2, and collagen genes in the lung. Taken together, our results provide proof of concept for the use of AAV‐SPL as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of IPF. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Plasma proteome analysis and validation of patients with community‐acquired pneumonia: A cohort study
Authors: Zhao Lili , Bian Wenjie , Shang Ying , Zhi Hui , Ma Xinqian , He Yukun , Yu Wenyi , Liu Chunyu , Xu Yu , Gong Pihua , Gao Zhancheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of plasma biomarkers of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) and their severity grading.Experimental designPlasma proteomes from cohort I (n = 32) with CAP were analyzed by data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry (MS). MetaboAnalyst 5.0 was used to statistically evaluate significant differences in proteins from different samples, and demographic and clinical data were recorded for all enrolled patients. Cohort II (n = 80) was used to validate candidate biomarkers. Plasma protein levels were determined using quantitative enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlations were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to verify the association between the variables, CAP diagnosis, and prognosis.Results121 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were obtained between CAP and controls. These DEPs were mainly aggregated in pathways of phagosome(hsa04145) and complement and coagulation cascades (hsa04610). No significant differential proteins were detected in bacterial, viral, and mixed infection groups. The plasma levels of fetuin‐A, alpha‐1‐antichymotrypsin (AACT), α1‐acid glycoprotein (A1AG), and S100A8/S100A9 heterodimers detected by ELISA were consistent with those of MS. AACT, A1AG, S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer, and fetuin‐A can potentially be used as diagnostic predictors, and fetuin‐A and AACT are potential predictors of SCAP.Conclusions and clinical relevancePlasma protein profiling can successfully identify potential biomarkers for CAP diagnosis and disease severity assessment. These biomarkers should be further studied for their clinical application.
The experimental and theoretical study on the spatial‐temporal distribution of electromagnetic radiation from JO‐8 explosions.
Authors: Xu Pengzhao , Zhao Ning , Chang Yukun , Cui Shaokang , Ma Guangsong , Shi Kunlin , Zhang Bao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe detonating fuse in the multistage warhead will be subjected to strong electromagnetic interference, derived from electromagnetic radiation generated by explosion of the shaped charge warhead, which may cause premature detonation or misfire. In order to explore the possible electromagnetic environment surrounded the detonating fuse, the spatial‐temporal distribution of electromagnetic radiation after the explosion of JO‐8 explosive was investigated in this paper. The electromagnetic radiation signal was collected and its frequency coverage was analyzed in the far‐field area by the field blast test. Moreover, based on electromagnetic theory, a theoretical model of electromagnetic radiation generated by the explosion of JO‐8 explosive was established, and the spatial‐temporal distribution of the electric field intensity was illustrated in detail for several typical positions after the explosion. The better agreement between experimental and theoretical results indicates that the proposed theoretical model and computational method are reasonable. On this basis, the distributions of electric field intensity for different positions and various explosive weights were predicted respectively by using distance and explosive weight as variables. This study is expected to provide a reference for the research on the electromagnetic radiation for explosive explosion and anti‐explosive electromagnetic interference.
Clinical Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Radiation‐induced Bladder Injury
Authors: Wang Weiping , Zhang Fuquan , Yuan Shuanghu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRadiation‐induced bladder injury is a common complication after pelvic radiotherapy. Few studies exist on diagnosing and treating radiation‐induced bladder injury, with no established guidelines or consensus in China or internationally. Clinical physicians' diagnosis and treatment of radiation‐induced bladder injury are primarily based on their own clinical experience, and there is an urgent need for unified guidelines to standardize clinical diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, the Chinese Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, China Anti‐Cancer Association Tumor Support Therapy Committee, and China Anti‐Cancer Association Tumor Radiation Protection Committee gathered experts to develop Chinese clinical practice guidelines, guiding diagnosing and treating radiation‐induced bladder injury. The development of these guidelines adopted the grading system of evidence quality and recommendation strength (GRADE).
Role of G protein‐coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) in β2‐adrenoceptor‐mediated glucose uptake
Authors: Ham Seungmin , Mukaida Saori , Sato Masaaki , Keov Peter , Bengtsson Tore , Furness Sebastian , Holliday Nicholas D. , Evans Bronwyn A. , Summers Roger J. , Hutchinson Dana S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTruncation of the C‐terminal tail of the β2‐AR, transfection of βARKct or over‐expression of a kinase‐dead GRK mutant reduces isoprenaline‐stimulated glucose uptake, indicating that GRK is important for this response. We explored whether phosphorylation of the β2‐AR by GRK2 has a role in glucose uptake or if this response is related to the role of GRK2 as a scaffolding protein. CHO‐GLUT4myc cells expressing wild‐type and mutant β2‐ARs were generated and receptor affinity for [3H]‐CGP12177A and density of binding sites determined together with the affinity of isoprenaline and BRL37344. Following receptor activation by β2‐AR agonists, cAMP accumulation, GLUT4 translocation, [3H]‐2‐deoxyglucose uptake, and β2‐AR internalization were measured. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer was used to investigate interactions between β2‐AR and β‐arrestin2 or between β2‐AR and GRK2. Glucose uptake after siRNA knockdown or GRK inhibitors was measured in response to β2‐AR agonists. BRL37344 was a poor partial agonist for cAMP generation but displayed similar potency and efficacy to isoprenaline for glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation. These responses to β2‐AR agonists occurred in CHO‐GLUT4myc cells expressing β2‐ARs lacking GRK or GRK/PKA phosphorylation sites as well as in cells expressing the wild‐type β2‐AR. However, β2‐ARs lacking phosphorylation sites failed to recruit β‐arrestin2 and did not internalize. GRK2 knock‐down or GRK2 inhibitors decreased isoprenaline‐stimulated glucose uptake in rat L6 skeletal muscle cells. Thus, GRK phosphorylation of the β2‐AR is not associated with isoprenaline‐ or BRL37344‐stimulated glucose uptake. However, GRKs acting as scaffold proteins are important for glucose uptake as GRK2 knock‐down or GRK2 inhibition reduces isoprenaline‐stimulated glucose uptake.
A survey of westward‐propagating mixed Rossby–Gravity waves and quantification of their association with extratropical disturbances
Authors: Shreya K. , Suhas E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study we have conducted a survey of westward‐propagating mixed Rossby–Gravity (MRG) wave events in the upper troposphere and quantified their association with the intrusions of extratropical disturbances for the period 1979–2019. MRG wave events are identified by imposing the meridional structure of theoretical MRG waves onto the equatorial meridional winds at 200 hPa. In all, 2390 MRG wave events are identified and the majority (61%) of them occurred during the months of May–October, and 65% of the total MRG wave events occurred over the central–east Pacific and Atlantic Ocean domains. Not only the frequency of occurrence but also the amplitude, wavenumber and trapping scale of the MRG wave events are found to exhibit a clear seasonality. MRG wave events associated with intrusions of extratropical disturbances are identified as when the potential vorticity on the 350‐K isentropic surface at 15° latitude exceeded 1 Potential Vorticity Unit (PVU) in the vicinity of the MRG wave events. We find that 37% of the MRG wave events are intrusion MRG wave events and a large majority (88%) of such events occurred over the central–east Pacific and Atlantic Ocean domains. It is also noteworthy that nearly 70% of such intrusions occurred in the winter hemisphere where the westerly wind ducts are well developed. Over the central–east Pacific during northern hemispheric (NH) winter, it is observed that the intrusion MRG wave events have a bigger amplitude and have a larger meridional extent compared to non‐intrusion MRG wave events. They also exhibit a similar spatial scale as the extratropical disturbances implying that resonant interactions may be a primary mechanism for the genesis of MRG wave events. During NH summer, on the other hand, MRG wave events are primarily triggered by convective processes and the extratropical disturbances may be instrumental in amplifying their amplitude.
Efficient catalytic oxidative desulfurization of liquid fuels over tungsten oxide supported on metakaolin surface
Authors: Ijadi Sayeh , Moradi Gholamreza , Ghanadi Tanaz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA new high yield and inexpensive composite was fabricated by supporting tungsten oxide on metakaolin via the incipient wetness impregnation method to use in oxidative desulfurization reaction and produce ultra‐clean fuel. The prepared catalyst was characterized by various techniques like XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDX and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, which indicated the catalyst was properly constructed. Initially, desulfurization was examined by loading different amounts of tungsten on the metakaolin surface. Based on the results, 15 % W/metakaolin showed high catalytic activity for the model and real fuels. Moreover, the influence of the main operating variables was studied through the Box–Behnken experimental design. The maximum sulfur removal reached to 99.3 % at a reaction temperature of 60 °C, oxidant to sulfur molar ratio12, catalyst dosage 0.04 g and oxidation time 40 min. Desulfurization from gasoline and gas oil with initial sulfur contents of 300 ppm and 7550 ppm was done under optimum conditions, which represented an efficiency of 60 % and 74 %, respectively. Performing the recycling tests proved the great durability of the catalyst after five runs. This research sheds light that the employed catalyst has excellent activity for industrial applications in the desulfurization process.
Half‐sandwich ruthenium(II) and iridium(III) complexes of imidazole based phosphinite ligands: antioxidant and antibacterial activities as well as electrochemical properties
Authors: Işik Uğur , Rafikova Khadichakhan , Meriç Nermin , Güzel Remziye , Kerimkulova Aygul , Akimbek Arailym , Okumuş Veysi , Durap Feyyaz , Kayan Cezmi , Aydemir Murat 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRuthenium(II) and iridium(III) complexes of phosphinites including imidazole moiety were synthesized and characterized by microanalysis, IR, MS, and NMR spectroscopies. Antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains was assessed in all complexes. The highest radical scavenging (72.2 %) was obtained for [3‐(3‐chloro‐2‐({[dichloro(η6‐benzene)ruthenium]diphenylphosphanyl}oxy)propyl)‐1‐butyl‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium chloride], 4 at 200 μg/mL concentration, while [3‐(3‐chloro‐2‐({[dichloro(η5‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)‐iridium]diphenylphosphanyl}oxy)pro‐pyl)‐1‐butyl‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium chloride], 6 demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity as 13 mm inhibition zone against E. hirea. Furthermore, optical and electrochemical featured of metal complexes containing imidazole phosphinite were investigated utilizing UV–vis absorption and cyclic voltammetry techniques. Consequently, all complexes can be proposed as metal‐based charge convertible phosphinite complexes which may be employed as new generation and synergistic Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) materials.
A Facile Electrosynthesis of Polysubstituted Oxazoles from Aromatic Ketones and Benzylamines under Mild Conditions
Authors: Xiao Haifan , Yuan Gaoqing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith KI as the supporting electrolyte and a mediator, DMSO as the solvent and KHCO3 as the base, a convenient and efficient electrochemical route was developed for the synthesis of polysubstituted oxazoles from aromatic ketones and benzylamines. The electrosynthesis was smoothly carried out in an undivided cell at room temperature, affording the target products in moderate to high yields.
Advancing Glucose Sensing Through Auto‐Fluorescent Polymer Brushes: From Surface Design to Nano‐Arrays
Authors: Aktas Eken Gozde , Huang Yuming , Prucker Oswald , Rühe Jürgen , Ober Christopher 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDesigning smart (bio)interfaces with the capability to sense and react to changes in local environments offers intriguing possibilities for new surface‐based sensing devices and technologies. Polymer brushes make ideal materials to design such adaptive and responsive interfaces given their large variety of functional and structural possibilities as well as their outstanding abilities to respond to physical, chemical, and biological stimuli. Herein, a practical sensory interface for glucose detection based on auto‐fluorescent polymer brushes decorated with phenylboronic acid (PBA) receptors is presented. The glucose‐responsive luminescent surfaces, which are capable of translating conformational transitions triggered by pH variations and binding events into fluorescent readouts without the need for fluorescent dyes, are grown from both nanopatterned and non‐patterned substrates. Two‐photon laser scanning confocal microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses reveal the relationship between the brush conformation and glucose concentration and confirm that the phenylboronic acid functionalized brushes can bind glucose over a range of physiologically relevant concentrations in a reversible manner. The combination of auto‐fluorescent polymer brushes with synthetic receptors presents a promising avenue for designing innovative and robust sensing systems, which are essential for various biomedical applications, among other uses.
Defect Engineering of Bi2WO6 for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotic Pollutants
Authors: Tai Ran , Gao Shuai , Tang Yao , Ma Xinbo , Ding Peiren , Wu Runjie , Li Peishen , Song Xingjian , Chen Shaowei , Wang Qiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInfiltration of excessive antibiotics into aquatic ecosystems plays a significant role in antibiotic resistance, a major global health challenge. It is therefore critical to develop effective technologies for their removal. Herein, defect‐rich Bi2WO6 nanoparticles are solvothermally prepared via epitaxial growth on pristine Bi2WO6 seed nanocrystals, and the efficiency of the photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin, a common antibiotic, is found to increase markedly from 62.51% to 98.27% under visible photoirradiation for 60 min. This is due to the formation of a large number of structural defects, where the synergistic interactions between grain boundaries and adjacent dislocations and oxygen vacancies lead to an improved separation and migration efficiency of photogenerated carriers and facilitate the adsorption and degradation of ciprofloxacin, as confirmed in experimental and theoretical studies. Results from this work demonstrate the unique potential of defect engineering for enhanced photocatalytic performance, a critical step in removing antibiotic contaminants in aquatic ecosystems.
Challenges and solutions in the development of blockchain applications: Extraction from SLR and empirical study
Authors: Nabi Maria , Ilyas Muhammad , Ahmad Jamil 
Published: February 2024

AbstractData protection is the most prior and valuable concern as stealing personal/organizational data by cyber criminals may arise issues ranging from privacy disclosure to system hacking. Blockchain is considered a top leading technology with the influence to reshape future industries, but like other revolutionary technologies, blockchain has its merits and demerits as well. However, due to its nascent stage, blockchain technology poses numerous challenges that hinder the effective development of blockchain. To uncover this potential hindrance and group the relevant barriers, a total of 12 challenges that may hinder the progress of blockchain application development have been identified from a sample of 52 primary studies. Based on the results of our research, the six challenges are considered critical an account for more than 30% occurrence. The critical challenges are “Lack of Proper Development Tools and Technology,” “Security Precaution Measures,” “Lack of Governance and Standards,” “Lack of Professional Expertise with Essential Skills and Knowledge,” “Lack of Organizational Support,” and “Interoperability Integration.” Using a comprehensive systematic literature review (SLR) and a questionnaire survey, a list of 65 solutions/practices has been identified to address the challenges that were identified. These solutions/practices will help blockchain developers to address the identified challenges and develop benign blockchain application in future. The results of our questionnaire survey largely align with the findings of the SLR. However, there are variations in the ranking of the challenges between the two datasets. The finding of this paper is to provide insights that can assist in streamlining and optimizing the development process of blockchain applications with greater ease and efficiency.
Challenges for trustworthy autonomous vehicles: Let us learn from life
Authors: Hoppe Imke , Hagemann Willem , Stierand Ingo , Hahn Axel , Bolles André 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCurrent surveys indicate limited public and individual trust in autonomous vehicles despite a long tradition to ensure their (technical) trustworthiness in informatics and systems engineering. To address this trust gap, this article explores the underlying reasons. The article elaborates on the gap between trust understood as a social phenomenon and, in contrast, the research tradition aimed at guaranteeing (technical) trustworthiness. It discusses to what extent those research traditions in the social sciences and humanities have been recognized and reflected in systems engineering research to date. Trust, according to the current state of research in the social sciences and humanities, heavily relies on individual assessments of an autonomous vehicle's abilities, benevolence and integrity. By contrast, technical trustworthiness is defined as the sum of intersubjective, measurable, technical parameters. They describe certain abilities or properties of a system, often according to respective technical standards and norms. This article places the “explainability” of autonomous systems in a bridging role. Explainability can help to conceptualize an integrative trust layer to communicate a system's abilities, benevolence and integrity. As such, explainability should respect the individual and situational needs of users, and should therefore be responsive. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that “learning from life” requires extensive interdisciplinary collaboration with neighboring research fields. This novel perspective on trustworthiness aligns existing research areas. It delves deeper into the conceptual “how”, dives into the intricacies and showcases (missing) interconnectedness in the state of research.
Explorations in scalar fermion theories: β-functions, supersymmetry and fixed points
Authors: Jack Ian , Osborn Hugh , Steudtner Tom 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Results for β-functions and anomalous dimensions in general scalar fermion theories are presented to three loops. Various constraints on the individual coefficients for each diagram following from supersymmetry are analysed. The results are used to discuss potential fixed points in the ε-expansion for scalar fermion theories, with arbitrary numbers of scalar fields, and where there are just two scalar couplings and one Yukawa coupling. For different examples the fixed points follow a similar pattern as the numbers of fermions is varied. For diagrams with subdivergences there are extensive consistency constraints arising from the existence of a perturbative a-function and these are analysed in detail. Further arbitrary scheme variations which preserve the form of β functions and anomalous dimensions in terms of 1PI diagrams are also discussed. The existence of linear and quadratic scheme invariants is demonstrated and the consistency condition are shown to be expressible in terms of these invariants.
Entanglement entropy along a massless renormalisation flow: the tricritical to critical Ising crossover
Authors: Rottoli Federico , Ares Filiberto , Calabrese Pasquale , Horváth Dávid X. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study the Rényi entanglement entropies along the massless renormalisation group flow that connects the tricritical and critical Ising field theories. Similarly to the massive integrable field theories, we derive a set of bootstrap equations, from which we can analytically calculate the twist field form factors in a recursive way. Additionally, we also obtain them as a non-trivial ‘roaming limit’ of the sinh-Gordon theory. Then the Rényi entanglement entropies are obtained as expansions in terms of the form factors of these branch point twist fields. We find that the form factor expansion of the entanglement entropy along the flow organises in two different kind of terms. Those that couple particles with the same chirality, and reproduce the entropy of the infrared Ising theory, and those that couple particles with different chirality, which provide the ultraviolet contributions. The massless flow under study possesses a global ℤ2 spin-flip symmetry. We further consider the composite twist fields associated to this group, which enter in the study of the symmetry resolution of the entanglement. We derive analytical expressions for their form factors both from the bootstrap equations and from the roaming limit of the sinh-Gordon theory.