bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of methanol, butyrate, and hydrogen as electron donors for long‐term dechlorination of tetrachloroethene in mixed anerobic cultures
Authors: Aulenta Federico , Gossett James M. , Papini Marco Petrangeli , Rossetti Simona , Majone Mauro 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis study examined the ability of different electron donors (i.e., hydrogen, methanol, butyrate, and yeast extract) to sustain long‐term (500 days) reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene (PCE) in anerobic fill‐and‐draw bioreactors operated at 3:1 donor:PCE ratio (defined on a total‐oxidation basis for the donor). Initially (i.e., until approximately day 80), the H2‐fed bioreactor showed the best ability to completely dechlorinate the dosed PCE (0.5 mmol/L) to ethene whereas, in the presence of methanol, butyric acid or no electron donor added (but low‐level yeast extract), dechlorination was limited by the fermentation of the organic substrates and in turn by H2 availability. As the study progressed, the H2‐fed reactor experienced a diminishing ability to dechlorinate, while more stable dechlorinating activity was maintained in the reactors that were fed organic donors. The initial diminished ability of the H2‐fed reactor to dechlorinate (after about 100 days), could be partially explained in terms of increased competition for H2 between dechlorinators and methanogens, whereas other factors such as growth‐factor limitation and/or accumulation of toxic and/or inhibitory metabolites were shown to play a role for longer incubation periods (over 500 days). In spite of decreasing activity with time, the H2‐fed reactor proved to be the most effective in PCE dechlorination: after about 500 days, more than 65% of the added PCE was dechlorinated to ethene in the H2‐fed reactor, versus 36%, 22%, and <1% in the methanol‐fed, butyrate‐fed, and control reactors, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleic Acid Components by Formamide and Cosmic Dust Analogues
Authors: Saladino Raffaele , Crestini Claudia , Neri Veronica , Brucato John R. , Colangeli Luigi , Ciciriello Fabiana , Di Mauro Ernesto , Costanzo Giovanna 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe show the unprecedented one‐pot synthesis of a large suite of pyrimidines (including cytosine and uracil) and purines from formamide in the presence of cosmic‐dust analogues (CDAs) of olivines. Since the major problem in the origin of informational macromolecules is the instability of their precursors, we also investigate the stabilizing effect of CDAs on the intrinsic instability of oligonucleotides in formamide.
Tuning Haptotropic Rearrangements of Arene–Chromium Complexes: Steric and Electronic Effects of Phosphorus Coligands
Authors: Jahr Holger Christian , Nieger Martin , Dötz Karl Heinz 
Published: July 2005

Abstract(η6‐Arene)tricarbonylchromium 2 was synthesised by [3+2+1] benzannulation of the Fischer carbene complex 1 and converted to the thermodynamically more favorable regioisomer 3 by haptotropic metal migration. Photo‐induced ligand‐exchange reactions in both regioisomers with triphenylphosphine, triphenylphosphite, trimethylphosphine, and trimethylphosphite afforded dicarbonyl(phosphine or phosphite)arene complexes 4–11. The regioisomers were separated by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and kinetic analyses of the thermo‐induced haptotropic metal shift were performed with regioisomers 4, 6, 8, and 10. The kinetic parameters were compared with those obtained for the parent tricarbonyl complex 2 and were discussed in terms of the steric and electronic properties of the phosphorus ligands by applying a quantitative analysis of ligand effects (QALE). The molecular structures of regioisomeric PPh3 and P(OPh)3 complexes 4/5 and 6/7 as well as of P(OMe)3 complex 10 have been established by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.
“Naked‐Eye” Detection of Histidine by Regulation of CuII Coordination Modes
Authors: Folmer‐Andersen J. Frantz , Lynch Vincent M. , Anslyn Eric V. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe association of various α‐amino acids with four new, coordinatively unsaturated metal complexes ([Cu(5)]2+, [Cu(6)]2+, [Cu(7)]2+, and [Zn(8)]2+) was examined. The receptors [Cu(5)]2+ and [Cu(7)]2+ were found to discriminate histidine (His) from other zwitterionic α‐amino acids by means of indicator‐displacement assays (IDAs) using 5(6)‐carboxyfluorescein as an indicator in buffered methanol/water (3:1) solvent. The colorimetric detection of His was achieved by using this IDA method, which appears to owe its selectivity to a unique process involving disruption of the host complex to form a 2:1 His/CuII complex rather than simple indicator displacement. The occurrence of distinct intermolecular coordination processes in response to the introduction of a different amino acid is observed. X‐ray crystal structures of the host metal complexes were obtained and exhibit the adoption of a variety of coordination geometries about the metal center.
Indene and Pseudoazulene Discotic Liquid Crystals: A Synthetic and Structural Study
Authors: Basurto Sara , García Susana , Neo Ana G. , Torroba Tomás , Marcos Carlos F. , Miguel Daniel , Barberá Joaquín , Ros M. Blanca , de la Fuente M. Rosario 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSeveral new liquid‐crystalline indene and pseudoazulene systems are reported. These molecules give rise to either columnar hexagonal mesophases and/or columnar plastic phases. The unique nature of these compounds stems from their non‐classical discotic structure. Although the molecules have rigid aromatic cores, they lack terminal tails and instead the polarizable atoms (S, halogens) or polar groups (CN, CO) act as unusual soft parts. On the basis of many structurally related materials, we conclude that for this type of compound molecular stacking in the solid state is a prerequisite for the appearance of a columnar mesophase, although other intermolecular interactions within the layers are also important in establishing liquid‐crystalline order. The behavior reported for these mesomorphic molecules opens up new possibilities in the search for related molecular interactions that might be useful for the construction of supramolecular architectures with particular properties.
Organostannoxane‐Supported Multiferrocenyl Assemblies: Synthesis, Novel Supramolecular Structures, and Electrochemistry
Authors: Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Gopal Kandasamy , Nagendran Selvarajan , Singh Puja , Steiner Alexander , Zacchini Stefano , Bickley Jamie F. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractOrganostannoxane‐based multiredox assemblies containing ferrocenyl peripheries have been readily synthesized by a simple one‐pot synthesis, either by a solution method or by room‐temperature solid‐state synthesis, in nearly quantitative yields. The number of ferrocenyl units in the multiredox assembly is readily varied by stoichiometric control as well as by the choice of the organotin precursors. Thus, the reaction of the diorganotin oxides, R2SnO (R=Ph, nBu and tBu) with ferrocene carboxylic acid affords tetra‐, di‐, and mononuclear derivatives [{Ph2Sn[OC(O)Fc]2}2] (1), [{[nBu2SnOC(O)Fc]2O}2] (2), [nBu2Sn{OC(O)Fc}2] (3), [{tBu2Sn(OH)OC(O)Fc}2] (4), and [tBu2Sn{OC(O)Fc}2] (5) (Fc=η5C5H4‐Fe‐η5C5H5). The reaction of triorganotin oxides, R3SnOSnR3 (R=nBu and Ph) with ferrocene carboxylic acid leads to the formation of the mono‐nuclear derivatives [Ph3SnOC(O)Fc] (6) and [{nBu3SnOC(O)Fc}n] (7). Molecular structures of the compounds 1–4 and 6 have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The molecular structure of compound 1 is new among organotin carboxylates. In this compound, ferrocenyl carboxylates are involved in both chelating and bridging coordination modes to the tin atoms to form an eight‐membered cyclic structure. In all of these compounds, the acidic protons of the cyclopentadienyl groups are hydrogen bonded to the carboxylate oxygens (CH⋅⋅⋅O) to form rich supramolecular assemblies. In addition to this, π–π, T‐shaped, L‐shaped, and side‐to‐face stacking interactions involving ferrocenyl groups also occur. Compound 6 shows an interesting and novel intermolecular CO2–π stacking interaction. Electrochemical analysis of the compounds 1–4, 6, and 7 shows a single, quasi‐reversible oxidation peak corresponding to the simultaneous oxidation of four, two, and one ferrocenyl substituents, respectively. Compound 5 shows two quasi‐reversible oxidation peaks. This is attributed to the positional difference among the ferrocenyl substituents on the tin atom. Additionally, while compounds 2 and 4 are electrochemically quite robust and do not decompose even after ten continuous CV cycles, compounds 1, and 3, 5–7 start to show decomposition after five cycles.
Clue to fine‐needle aspiration diagnosis of pleural pneumocystoma: Neovascularization and Langhans' giant cell reaction
Authors: Zamuco Ronaldo L. , Yang Grace C.H. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPneumocystis pneumonia is a common component of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States. Extrapulmonary pneumocystosis, however, is much less common. Rare cases have been reported in lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, pleura, gastrointestinal tract, liver, common bile duct, pancreas, skin, thyroid, and eye. A 39‐yr‐old man with history of chest wall injuries from gunshot and stabbing presented with multiple pleural masses clinically suspicious of metastatic deposits from an unknown primary. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of the largest pleural mass revealed extrapulmonary pneumocystis, which led to the diagnosis of AIDS. Similar to the previous reports of pneumocystis mass lesions in extrapulmonary sites, the current case is associated with exuberant vascular proliferation and Langhans' giant cell reaction. Neovascularization and histiocytic influx from the newly formed blood vessels and Langhans' giant cell reaction seem to be a common tissue reaction to the massive deposition of pneumocystis organisms in extrapulmonary sites in patients with AIDS. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:97–99. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary hepatic anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Cai Guoping , Inghirami Giorgio , Moreira Andre , Şen Filiz 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAnaplastic large‐cell lymphoma (ALCL) presenting as primary hepatic lymphoma is exceedingly rare. Here, we report a case of primary hepatic ALCL, which was diagnosed by cytologic evaluation and concurrent immunohistochemical studies on the material obtained by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy. The aspirate smears revealed many loosely dispersed, large atypical cells, some of them with kidney‐/horseshoe‐shaped and doughnut‐shaped nuclei and abundant amphophilic cytoplasm. The nuclei in some of the other cells were often eccentrically located and appeared to be convoluted and even multilobulated. These large atypical cells displayed T‐cell immunophenotype and were immunoreactive with CD30 antibody. The diagnosis was confirmed by a core‐needle biopsy. This is the first case of primary hepatic ALCL reported in the English cytological literature. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:106–109. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Image analysis of irregularity of cluster shape in cytological diagnosis of breast tumors: Cluster analysis with 2D‐fractal dimension
Authors: Yokoyama Toshiro , Kawahara Akihiko , Kage Masayoshi , Kojiro Masamichi , Takayasu Hideki , Sato Takashi 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTo establish diagnostic criteria using comparison of cell cluster shapes, between benign and malignant tumors, breast tumors demonstrating weak cellular atypia in low grade invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) were compared. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens of breast tumors were obtained from 37 patients. Among these, 16 were histologically diagnosed as IDC low‐grade and the other 21 as benign fibroadenoma (FA). For evaluation, we examined 740 clusters from these 37 FNA specimens. Nine image morphometric parameters were studied, including the cluster area, circumference, maximal length, maximal breadth, ratio of length to breadth, cluster roundness, cluster size, and the edge and distribution image fractal dimensions for cluster analysis. We evaluated the irregularity in cell cluster shape using fractal dimension analysis, and determined the correlation to cluster size. The irregularity in the IDC cluster shape was higher than that in the FA cluster shape. However, six cases (28.5%) of 21 FA clusters showed high fractal dimensions similar to those for IDC. The clusters were classified by cluster analysis into three types: IDC clusters, FA with irregular cluster shape, and FA with no irregular clusters. The average cell cluster area of the FA with irregular shape was found to be about three times larger than that of IDC clusters. When the differential diagnosis between IDC and FA is difficult, it is important to focus on irregularities in the shape and on overall size of the cell clusters. For accurate diagnosis, the cell cluster shape is as important as the individual cellular atypia. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:71–77. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma
Authors: Lemos Maria Manuel , Karlen Jonas , Tani Edneia 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAngiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma (AMFH) is a rare, low‐grade malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that affects mostly the extremities of children and young adults. Excisional surgery is the adequate treatment. The cytologic, immunocytologic, and histologic features noted in two patients having AMFH are presented. Cytologic smears showed histiocyte‐like cells dispersed and in clusters, in close relation with eosinophilic mesenchymal fragments in a bloody background with lymphocytes. The tumor cells showed mild to moderate anisocariosis, often with nucleolus and vast, fragile cytoplasm. A fibroblastic‐like spindle to ovoid cell population was also present in one patient. Immunohistochemical results are most consistent with myofibroblastic cell differentiation. When accompanied by adequate clinical information and ancillary techniques, a specific preoperative cytologic diagnosis is possible. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:116–121. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of clear‐cell sarcoma of the kidney: Study of eight cases
Authors: Iyer Venkateswaran K. , Agarwala Sandeep , Verma Kusum 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe largest series, to date, of fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) findings in clear‐cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is presented. All fine‐needle aspirates of pediatric renal masses over a 17‐yr period were reviewed. Eight out of 119 aspirates from late‐stage childhood renal tumors (6.72%) were found to be CCSK. Ten aspirates from these eight patients and histopathological confirmation in six patients were available. Aspirates were cellular with three cell types: cord cells, septal cells, and small pyknotic cells. Cord cells, seen in all aspirates, were large polygonal cells with abundant eccentrically placed wispy cytoplasm, round to oval nuclei, and fine dusty chromatin. Occasional bare nuclei and frequent nuclear grooves were also seen. Small pyknotic cells were a degenerative change identified in 9 out of 10 aspirates. Stromal fragments with branching vascular cores were seen in 8 out of 10 aspirates, 6 of which had myxoid substance surrounding the vessel. Septal cells were spindle shaped and usually embedded in the stromal fragments. On the basis of cytology and histology, cases were classified into classical CCSK (5 cases), spindle‐cell CCSK (1 case), and anaplastic CCSK (2 cases). Classical CCSK showed mostly cord cells with few stromal fragments. Spindle‐cell CCSK showed preponderance of myxoid stromal fragments and septal cells. Anaplastic CCSK showed bizarre pleomorphic nuclei, coarse chromatin, and atypical mitosis. Cytology of CCSK is a spectrum with varying proportions of cord cells, septal cells, and mucopolysaccharide substance. Anaplastic CCSK is liable to misdiagnosis as Wilms tumor (WT) with unfavourable histology. Presence of eccentric cytoplasm in cord cells and nuclear grooves are the key to differentiation from Wilms tumor, including anaplastic variants. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:83–89. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methods for the visualization of digital elevation models for landform mapping
Authors: Smith Mike J. , Clark Chris D. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDigital elevation models (DEMs) are increasingly used for landform mapping, particularly with the growing availability of national and global datasets. In this paper we describe a variety of techniques that can visualize a DEM. We then compare five techniques to ascertain which performs the most complete and unbiased visualization. We assess the visualization techniques by comparing landforms mapped from them against a detailed morphological map (derived from mapping of multi‐azimuth relief‐shaded DEMs cross‐checked with stereo aerial photographs). Results show that no single visualization method provides complete and unbiased mapping. The relief‐shaded visualizations are particularly prone to azimuth biasing, although they can highlight subtle landforms. We recommend curvature visualization for initial mapping as this provides a non‐illuminated (and therefore unbiased) image. Initial mapping can then be supplemented with data from relief‐shaded visualizations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modern stable isotopic (δ18O, δ2H, δ13C) variation in terrestrial, fluvial, estuarine and marine waters from north‐central Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Stephens Mark , Rose James 
Published: July 2005

AbstractStable isotope data on humid tropical hydrology are scarce and, at present, no such data exist for Borneo. Delta18O, δ2H and δ13C were analysed on 22 water samples from different parts of the Sungai (river) Niah basin (rain, cave drip, rainforest pool, tributary stream, river, estuary, sea) in north‐central Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. This was done to improve understanding of the modern stable isotope systematics of the Sungai Niah basin, essential for the palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the Late Quaternary stable isotope proxies preserved in the Great Cave of Niah. The Niah hydrology data are put into a regional context using the meteoric water line for Southeast Asia, as derived from International Atomic Energy Agency/World Meteorological Organization isotopes in precipitation network data. Although the Niah hydrological data‐set is relatively small, spatial isotopic variability was found for the different subenvironments of the Sungai Niah basin. A progressive enrichment occurs towards the South China Sea (δ18O −4·6‰; δ2H −29·3‰; δ13C −4·8‰) from the tributary stream (δ18O −8·4‰; δ2H −54·7‰; δ13C −14·5‰) to up‐river (δ18O c. −8‰; δ2H c. −51‰; δ13C c. −12‰) and down‐river values (δ18O c. −7·5‰; δ2H c. −45‰; δ13C c. −11‰). This is thought to reflect differential evaporation and mixing of different components of the water cycle and a combination of depleted biogenic δ13C (plant respiration and decay) with enriched δ13C values (due to photosynthesis, atmospheric exchange, mixing with limestone and marine waters) downstream. Cave drip waters are relatively enriched in δ13C as compared to the surface waters. This may indicate rapid degassing of the cave drips as they enter the cave atmosphere. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional stereotactic surface projection study of freezing of gait and brain perfusion image in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Matsui Hideaki , Udaka Fukashi , Miyoshi Takafumi , Hara Narihiro , Tamaura Akiko , Oda Masaya , Kubori Tamotsu , Nishinaka Kazuto , Kameyama Masakuni 
Published: July 2005

AbstractGait disturbance is a cardinal symptom in patients with Parkinson's disease. Among the gait disturbances, freezing of gait is a unique and troublesome symptom, but its mechanism is unclear. We compared brain perfusion images using three‐dimensional stereotactic surface projection analysis of N‐isopropyl‐p‐123I iodoamphetamine single photon emission computed tomography between Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait and those without. Twenty‐four cases (freezing of gait group) with Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait, and 31 Hoehn and Yahr stage‐matched cases (no freezing of gait group) with Parkinson's disease without freezing of gait were studied. Bilateral Brodmann area 11 perfusion of the freezing of gait group decreased significantly compared to that of the no freezing of gait group. The Brodmann area 11 may play important roles in gait, and impairment in this region may have a close relationship with freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Case of maternally transmitted juvenile Huntington's disease with a very large trinucleotide repeat
Authors: Papapetropoulos Spiridon , Lopez‐Alberola Roberto , Baumbach Lisa , Russell Angela , Gonzalez Manuel A. , Bowen Brian C. , Singer Carlos 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe describe and present a video of a patient with maternally inherited juvenile Huntington's disease (HD) caused by a very large (108‐repeat) expansion. Maternally transmitted very large trinucleotide repeats (>100) are extremely rare in juvenile HD and may represent instability during female gametogenesis. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Novel mutation ofSACSgene in a Spanish family with autosomal recessive spastic ataxia
Authors: Criscuolo Chiara , Saccà Francesco , De Michele Giuseppe , Mancini Pietro , Combarros Onofre , Infante Jon , Garcia Antonio , Banfi Sandro , Filla Alessandro , Berciano José 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAutosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix–Saguenay (ARSACS) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by early‐onset, spastic ataxia and peripheral neuropathy. It was originally described in an inbred population of Quebec and later in some other countries. We report a new missenseSACSmutation (7848C>T) in a Spanish family whose phenotype is similar to that of the previously described ARSACS patients. 7848C>T is the firstSACSmutation reported in Spain confirming worldwide distribution of the disease. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Analysis of the relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity and cardiac 123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Shindo Kazumasa , Kaneko Eri , Watanabe Harue , Sugimoto Tetsuhiko , Ohta Emiko , Ohashi Kenji , Nagasaka Takamura , Shiozawa Zenji 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTo analyze the correlation between muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and cardiac 123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) uptake in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), we measured both parameters in 14 PD patients who were 51 to 82 years of age (mean, 63.1 ± 8.7 years). The duration of PD was 2 to 26 years, and the disability level (modified Hoehn and Yahr stage) ranged from 2.0 to 4.0 (mean, 3.2 ± 0.5). MSNA was recorded from the peroneal nerve fascicles using microneurographic methods, and then cardiac MIBG scintigraphy was performed within 1 month. We analyzed the correlation between the standardized MSNA, expressed as a percentage of the predicted value based on control subject data, and the heart‐to‐mediastinum ratio (H/M) or washout ratio (WR) from early and delayed MIBG images. The relationships between disease duration or disability and MSNA, the H/M ratio, or the WR were also analyzed. No significant correlations were found between MSNA and H/M ratio or WR. Although MSNA was inversely correlated with disease duration and with disability level, neither the H/M ratio nor the WR showed a significant correlation with disease duration or disability level. Because MSNA and MIBG abnormalities were not related, functional changes in addition to organic changes in cardiac sympathetic nerve endings may result in abnormal uptake of MIBG in Parkinson's disease. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society