bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychotropic drug use in elderly people with and without dementia
Authors: Giron Maria Stella T. , Forsell Yvonne , Bernsten Cecilia , Thorslund Mats , Winblad Bengt , Fastbom Johan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of psychotropic drug use in very old persons with and without dementia in two time periods, and describe the patterns of psychotropic drug use between institutions and non‐institutions.MethodsDescriptive analysis on a sample of subjects aged 81+ from a population‐based study in Stockholm, Sweden. Psychotropic drug use data were collected from the 1987–1989 and 1994–1996 periods of the study. The diagnosis of dementia was based on the DSM III‐R.ResultsAbout 41% of the subjects used at least one psychotropic drug in both periods. Women and subjects in institutions more commonly used psychotropic drugs. The most commonly reported were, in rank order, hypnotics‐sedatives, anxiolytics, antipsychotics and antidepressants. Hypnotics‐sedatives and anxiolytics were the most commonly used in both institutions and non‐institutions. More persons with dementia used psychotropic drugs in both periods. The use of newer drugs, for example, SSRI, was evident. Multivariate analyses showed increased risk for psychotropic drug use among subjects in institutions.ConclusionsThis study confirms the high rate of psychotropic drug use in the very old, particularly in persons with dementia. Psychotropic drug use was high among subjects living in institutions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depression and anxiety disorders among Jews from the former Soviet Union five years after their immigration to Israel
Authors: Zilber Nelly , Lerner Yaakov , Eidelman Raphael , Kertes Jenny 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies have shown that the prevalence rates of major depression and anxiety are lower in the elderly than in younger adults. In a recent survey, we found, among immigrants, that the association of age with psychological distress was the reverse.ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to examine, among immigrants, whether the relationship of age with clinically diagnosed depression and anxiety disorders is also reversed. This was done by assessing the age‐specific incidence and prevalence of depression and anxiety among immigrants from the former Soviet Union to Israel five years after their immigration.MethodsA stratified subsample was chosen from a larger random sample of immigrants from the Former Soviet Union who arrived in Israel in 1990. We selected the subsample to include an over‐representation of those with a high level of distress in order to increase the probability of finding people suffering from psychopathology. The subjects were interviewed with a diagnostic instrument, the CIDI‐S, an abbreviated version of the CIDI. Prevalence and incidence rates of depression and anxiety were calculated separately for two age groups (those below age 65 and those aged 65 and above).ResultsBefore immigration, incidence rates were lower among the elderly than among younger adults, a finding consistent with the literature. However, after immigration, the reverse was found, with higher prevalence and incidence rates among elderly immigrants.ConclusionThe data suggest that immigration contributes to an increase of psychopathology which is particularly pronounced among the elderly. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differences in auditory processing of words and pseudowords: An fMRI study
Authors: Newman Sharlene D. , Twieg Donald 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough there has been great interest in the neuroanatomical basis of reading, little attention has been focused on auditory language processing. The purpose of this study was to examine the differential neuroanatomical response to the auditory processing of real words and pseudowords. Eight healthy right‐handed participants performed two phoneme monitoring tasks (one with real word stimuli and one with pseudowords) during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan with a 4.1 T system. Both tasks activated the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), the posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) and the inferior parietal lobe (IPL). Pseudoword processing elicited significantly more activation within the posterior cortical regions compared with real word processing. Previous reading studies have suggested that this increase is due to an increased demand on the lexical access system. The left inferior frontal gyrus, on the other hand, did not reveal a significant difference in the amount of activation as a function of stimulus type. The lack of a differential response in IFG for auditory processing supports its hypothesized involvement in grapheme to phoneme conversion processes. These results are consistent with those from previous neuroimaging reading studies and emphasize the utility of examining both input modalities (e.g., visual or auditory) to compose a more complete picture of the language network. Hum. Brain Mapping 14:39–47, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
C‐phosphorylation of 1,2,4‐triazoles with phosphorus(III) halides. Synthesis of 4,5‐dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐c][1,4,2]diazaphosphinine derivatives
Authors: Zarudnitskii Evgenij V. , Ivanov Vladimir V. , Yurchenko Alexandr A. , Pinchuk Alexandr M. , Tolmachev Andrej A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPhosphorylation of 4‐ and 1‐substituted 1,2,4‐triazoles with PCl3, PhPCl2, Ph2PCl, and (Et2N)2 PCl was carried out. A novel phosphorus‐containing condensed heterocyclic system (18, 23) was constructed by the reactions of 2‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐1‐(4‐chlorophenylcarboxamido)‐5‐trifluoromethylbenzene with PBr3 and PhPBr2. Treatment of the bromophosphonite 18 with an excess of morpholine in the presence of sulfur resulted in a diazaphosphinine ring opening and provided functionalized 1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐ylphosphonic acid derivatives 21 and 22. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:146–152, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10010
Synthesis and metal transport ability of a new series of thiamacrocycles containing thiol and disulfide groups inside the ring
Authors: Nabeshima Tatsuya , Aoki Taizo , Haruyama Tsutomu , Shinnai Toshinobu , Ohshiro Hideaki , Saiki Toshiyuki , Yano Yumihiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSynthetic methods for thiamacrocycles containing two thiol groups or a disulfide linkage and their abilities to effect single heavy‐metal‐ion transport across a liquid membrane were examined. High Ag+ selectivity was accomplished by the thiol or disulfide hosts, although all the corresponding crown ether analogs bearing a disulfide group showed no Ag+ selectivity. The difference of the transport preferences among the thiacrown ethers prepared here is considered to be reflected by the position and the number of the sulfur atoms ligating to Ag+ and the cavity size of the hosts. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:276–281, 2001
Reaction of 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo‐[b]thiophene with ethyl acetoacetate: Novel syntheses of pyridines, pyrazoles, and their fused derivatives
Authors: Mohareb Rafat M. , Mohamed Mona H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe reaction of 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene 1 with ethyl acetoacetate 2 gave compound 3. The reactivity of the latter product toward a variety of chemical reagents was studied to give fused thiophene derivatives of potential pharmaceutical interest. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:518–527, 2001
Reversible C ⇆ N migration of the ethoxycarbonyl group in the reactions of pyridinium and isoquinolinium ylides derived from malonic ester with isocyanates
Authors: Gololobov Yuri G. , Dovgan Olga V. , Golding Igor R. , Petrovskii Pavel V. , Garbuzova Irina A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPyridinium and isoquinolinium ylides (7 and 12) derived from malonic ester react in an unusual manner with isocyanates giving the new pyridinium ylide (9) and the new isoquinolinium ylide (14). C → N Migration of the COOEt group takes place at room temperature, but, at an elevated temperature, reverse N → C migration of the COOEt group proceeds and ylides 9 and 14 are reconverted into the starting ylides 7 and 12, respectively. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:36–45, 2002; DOI 10.1002/hc.1104
Radiotherapy for carcinoma in situ of the true vocal cords
Authors: Garcia‐Serra Allie , Hinerman Russell W. , Amdur Robert J. , Morris Christopher G. , Mendenhall William M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeTo report long‐term rates of tumor control after radiotherapy (RT) for carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the true vocal cords (TVC). A comprehensive literature review was performed, and outcomes with other modalities of treatment for CIS of the TVC were compared.Materials and MethodsThirty patients with CIS of the TVC were treated between July 1967 and May 1998 with curative intent using megavoltage RT. Most patients (28 of 30) were treated with cobalt‐60 through small (usually 5 × 5 cm) fields. Median RT dose was 56.25 Gy (range, 56.25–75 Gy; mean dose, 59.15 Gy) at 2.25 Gy per fraction. One patient was treated for a synchronous head and neck primary malignancy with large fields to a total dose of 75 Gy at 1.8 Gy per fraction. Approximately two thirds of the patients (19 of 30) were referred for RT because of recurrence after at least one stripping procedure.ResultsWith a mean follow‐up of 7.1 years (range, 2–17 years), the 5‐year rates of local control, local control with larynx preservation, and ultimate local control (including salvage surgery) were the following: 88%, 88%, and 100%, respectively. Invasive squamous cell carcinoma developed in three (10%) of the patients. Time to failure was 14 months, 34 months, and 48 months, respectively. All three patients were surgically salvaged with a total laryngectomy. Cause‐specific survival at 5 years was 100%. There were no late complications.ConclusionsRT to approximately 60 Gy at 2.25 Gy per fraction using small (5 × 5 cm) fields produces excellent results with CIS of the TVC. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 390–394, 2002; DOI 10.1002/hed.10071
Prognostic significance of Bcl‐2 and p53 expression in advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Friedman Michael , Lim Jessica W. , Manders Ernie , Schaffner Adam D. , Kirshenbaum Gary L. , Tanyeri Hasan M. , Caldarelli David D. , Coon John S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundProteins regulating the cell cycle and cell death are frequently abnormally expressed in cancer. Several of these, particularly p53 and Bcl‐2, have been widely suggested as possible prognostic markers in diverse human malignancies. Their role in predicting outcome in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck is unclear and may depend on the location, stage, and treatment of the tumor.MethodsTo assess this question specifically for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, we studied 69 patients with stage III or IV tumors, all but 6 of whom were treated with surgery plus postoperative irradiation by a single physician. We studied the patients retrospectively to test the association between expression of Bcl‐2 and p53, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, with treatment outcome and survival.ResultsTwenty of the 69 patients died from their tumor (poor outcome); the rest were alive and tumor free at the last follow‐up or died of unrelated causes without clinical tumor recurrence (good outcome). Fourteen tumors had detectable Bcl‐2 expression, including 8 scored as overexpressors. Thirty‐nine tumors overexpressed p53. Expression of neither Bcl‐2 nor p53 was associated with outcome, overall survival, or disease‐free survival. Only tumor stage was significantly associated with outcome and disease‐free survival.ConclusionThese data indicate that assessing expression of p53 or Bcl‐2 is unlikely to be prognostically useful for surgically treated advanced laryngeal carcinoma. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 280–285, 2001.
The buccal fat pad flap in oral reconstruction
Authors: Dean Alicia , Alamillos Francisco , García‐López Alicia , Sánchez Juan , Peñalba Manuel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to describe the surgical technique, indications, advantages, and possible complications of the buccal fat pad flap and to report our clinical experience with this flap for intraoral reconstruction after tumor removal.MethodsThe flap has been used to reconstruct oral defects after tumor resection in 32 patients, who have been retrospectively analyzed.ResultsAdequate closure of the defect was achieved during surgery in all cases. In one case, there was partial loss of the flap; this was treated conservatively. In five cases there was some retraction in the reconstructed area.ConclusionsBuccal fat pad as a flap offers an adequate reconstructive option to be born in mind when reconstructing small to medium defects in the oral cavity. It is a simple and quick surgical technique with a low incidence of complications. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 383–388, 2001.
Is mossy fiber sprouting present at the time of the first spontaneous seizures in rat experimental temporal lobe epilepsy?
Authors: Nissinen Jari , Lukasiuk Katarzyna , Pitkänen Asla 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe contribution of mossy fiber sprouting to the generation of spontaneous seizures in the epileptic brain is under dispute. The present study addressed this question by examining whether sprouting of mossy fibers is present at the time of appearance of the first spontaneous seizures in rats, and whether all animals with increased sprouting have spontaneous seizures. Epileptogenesis was induced in 16 rats by electrically stimulating the lateral nucleus of the amygdala for 20–30 min until the rats developed self‐sustained status epilepticus (SSSE). During and after SSSE, rats were monitored in long‐term by continuous video‐electroencephalography until they developed a second spontaneous seizure (8–54 days). Thereafter, monitoring was continued for 11 days to follow seizure frequency. The density of mossy fiber sprouting was analyzed from Timm‐stained preparations. The density of hilar neurons was assessed from thionin‐stained sections. Of 16 rats, 14 developed epilepsy. In epileptic rats, the density of mossy fiber sprouting did not correlate with the severity or duration (115–620 min) of SSSE, delay from SSSE to occurrence of first (8–51 days) or second (8–54 days) spontaneous seizure, or time from SSSE to perfusion (20–63 days). In the temporal end of the hippocampus, the sprouting correlated with the severity of neuronal damage (ipsilateral: r = −0.852, P < 0.01 contralateral: r = −0.748, P < 0.01). The two animals without spontaneous seizures also had sprouting. Increased density of sprouting in animals without seizures, and its association with the severity of neuronal loss was confirmed in another series of 30 stimulated rats that were followed‐up with video‐EEG monitoring for 60 d. Our data indicate that although mossy fiber sprouting is present in all animals with spontaneous seizures, its presence is not necessarily associated with the occurrence of spontaneous seizures. Hippocampus 2001;11:299–310. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crafting a Human Resource Strategy to Foster Organizational Agility: A Case Study
Authors: Shafer Richard A. , Dyer Lee , Kilty Janine , Amos Jeff , Ericksen Jeff 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA decade ago, the Chief Executive Officer of Albert Einstein Healthcare Network (AEHN), anticipating
a tumultuous and largely unpredictable period in its industry, undertook to convert this organization from one
that was basically stable and complacent to one that was agile, “nimble, and change‐hardy”.
This case study, while briefly addressing AEHN's approaches to business strategy and organization design,
focuses primarily on the human resource strategy that emerged over time to foster the successful attainment of
organizational agility. Although exploratory, the study suggests a number of lessons for those who are—or
will be—studying or trying to create and sustain this promising new organizational paradigm. © 2001
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A simple model of hillslope response for overland flow generation
Authors: Agnese Carmelo , Baiamonte Giorgio , Corrao Cecilia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper deals with the derivation of the hydrological response of a hillslope on the assumption of quick runoff by surface runoff generation. By using the simple non‐linear storage based model, first proposed by Horton, an analytical solution of the overland flow equations over a plane hillslope was derived. This solution establishes a generalization for different flow regimes of Horton's original solution, which is valid for the transitional flow regime only. The solution proposed was compared successfully with that of Horton and, for the turbulent flow regime, to the one derived from kinematic wave theory. This solution can be applied easily to both stationary and non‐stationary rainfall excess events. An analytical solution for the instantaneous response function (IRF) was also derived. Finally, simple expressions to compute peak and time to peak of IRF are proposed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of climate and land‐use change on storm runoff generation: present knowledge and modelling capabilities
Authors: Bronstert Axel , Niehoff Daniel , Bürger Gerd 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere are several indications that changes in land cover have influenced the hydrological regime of various river basins. In addition, the effects of climate change on the hydrological cycle and on the runoff behaviour of river catchments have been discussed extensively in recent years. However, it is at present rather uncertain how, how much and at which spatial scale these environmental changes are likely to affect the generation of storm runoff, and consequently the flood discharges of rivers. Firstly, this paper gives an overview of the possible effects of climatic and land‐use change on storm runoff generation. Secondly, it discusses models dealing with the hydrological response to climate and land‐use variations, including both the downscaling of climate information from global circulation models and the way flood forecasting models represent land‐use conditions. Finally, two modelling studies of meso‐scale catchments in Germany are presented: the first shows the possible impacts of climate change on storm runoff production, and the second the impacts of land‐use changes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐month‐old infants learn arbitrary auditory–visual pairings between voices and faces
Authors: Brookes Helen , Slater Alan , Quinn Paul C. , Lewkowicz David J. , Hayes Rachel , Brown Elizabeth 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe ability of 3‐month‐old infants to learn arbitrary auditory–visual associations between voices and faces was investigated by familiarizing each infant to two alternating stimuli presented on a VCR monitor. Each stimulus was a voice–face combination, where the voices and faces were male and/or female. On the post‐familiarization test trials each infant was presented alternately with a familiar and a novel voice–face combination, where the novel combination consisted of a voice and a face they had heard and seen previously (but not together), and on these test trials attention was significantly higher to the novel combination. These findings are a clear demonstration that 3‐month‐olds can learn arbitrary voice–face associations, and they are discussed in terms of early intermodal perception and face perception. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Melanoma in adolescents: A case‐control study of risk factors in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Youl Philippa , Aitken Joanne , Hayward Nicholas , Hogg David , Liu Ling , Lassam Norman , Martin Nicholas , Green Adèle 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe incidence of melanoma increases markedly in the second decade of life but almost nothing is known of the causes of melanoma in this age group. We report on the first population‐based case‐control study of risk factors for melanoma in adolescents (15–19 years). Data were collected through personal interviews with cases, controls and parents. A single examiner conducted full‐body nevus counts and blood samples were collected from cases for analysis of the CDKN2A melanoma predisposition gene. A total of 201 (80%) of the 250 adolescents with melanoma diagnosed between 1987 and 1994 and registered with the Queensland Cancer Registry and 205 (79%) of 258 age‐, gender‐ and location‐matched controls who were contacted agreed to participate. The strongest risk factor associated with melanoma in adolescents in a multivariate model was the presence of more than 100 nevi 2 mm or more in diameter (odds ratio [OR] = 46.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 11.4–190.8). Other risk factors were red hair (OR = 5.4, 95%CI = 1.0–28.4); blue eyes (OR = 4.5, 95%CI = 1.5‐13.6); inability to tan after prolonged sun exposure (OR = 4.7, 95%CI = 0.9–24.6); heavy facial freckling (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 0.9–12.3); and family history of melanoma (OR = 4.0, 95%CI = 0.8–18.9). Only 2 of 147 cases tested had germline variants or mutations in CDKN2A. There was no association with sunscreen use overall, however, never/rare use of sunscreen at home under the age of 5 years was associated with increased risk (OR = 2.2, 95%CI = 0.7–7.1). There was no difference between cases and controls in cumulative sun exposure in this high‐exposure environment. Factors indicating genetic susceptibility to melanoma, in particular, the propensity to develop nevi and freckles, red hair, blue eyes, inability to tan and a family history of the disease are the primary determinants of melanoma among adolescents in this high solar radiation environment. Lack of association with reported sun exposure is consistent with the high genetic susceptibility in this group. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Collagen type I expression in experimental anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: Regulation and relevance for tumorigenicity
Authors: Dahlman Thèrése , Lammerts Ellen , Bergström Daniel , Franzén Åsa , Westermark Kerstin , Heldin Nils‐Erik , Rubin Kristofer 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFibrosis in solid malignancies plays a significant role in tumor pathophysiology. Potential mechanisms for collagen type I deposition in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) were investigated using 6 characterized ATC cell lines. Three of these cell lines, which produced collagen type I, had, as a group, a poor tumorigenicity when inoculated in athymic mice. This group of cells generated tumors in 4 of 24 injected animals (17%). Pro‐α1(I) collagen mRNA‐expressing carcinoma and stromal cells were interdispersed in the tumors generated by these ATC cells. By contrast, the 3 noncollagen‐producing ATC cell lines were all tumorigenic with a tumor take of 60% in the whole group. In the latter tumors, pro‐α1(I) collagen mRNA‐expressing cells were confined to the stromal compartment, well delineated from carcinoma cell islets. To study the influence of ATC cells on collagen type I synthesis by fibroblasts, we used AG 1518 diploid human fibroblasts cultured on poly‐(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly[HEMA])‐coated plates. This culture condition allows the study of the effect of collagen mRNA translation in the regulation of collagen type I synthesis. Conditioned media from the 6 ATC cell lines did not influence collagen synthesis. The ATC cell line KAT‐4 stimulated fibroblast synthesis of collagen type I when the two cell types were cocultured on poly[HEMA]‐coated substrates. Specific inhibitors of PDGF and TGF‐β reduced the KAT 4 carcinoma cell‐induced stimulation of collagen type I synthesis. Our data suggest that collagen type I production by carcinoma cells correlates negatively with tumorigenicity and that the formation of a well‐defined stroma is of importance for tumor growth. Furthermore, our data suggest that tumor cells are able to stimulate collagen mRNA translation in stromal fibroblasts in direct cell‐cell contact by, at least in part, transferring PDGF or TGF‐β. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.