bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Some miRNA Expression Levels in Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia Patients
Authors: Dalyan Ayşe , Bayil-Oguzkan Sibel , Ozaslan Mehmet 
Published: January 2024

Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer that occurs as a result of the accumulation of morphologically small, mature-looking lymphocytes. CLL is the most common type of leukemia in Western countries, where it accounts for 30% of all leukemias. Accounts for only 10% of all leukemias in Asian populations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-protein-coding single-stranded RNA molecules approximately 18-25 nucleotides long, forming a class of endogenous small RNAs. Research has shown that microRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in CLL. Although the expression levels of microRNA 133a and microRNA 452 have been determined in many cancers, including lung, prostate and colon cancer, expression levels in CLL patients have not been determined. Therefore, in our study, the expression levels of miRNA 133a and miRNA 452 in CLL patients will be calculated quantitatively using the Real-Time PCR method. As for the method steps, in the first stage, whole blood samples will be taken. miRNA will be isolated from the whole blood samples taken, cDNA will be synthesized from the miRNA samples, and finally, expression levels will be determined with the Real-Time PCR method using miRNA 133a, miRNA452 specific primers and U6 primer as the reference gene. The data obtained will be analyzed and interpreted with the SPSS package program. This study will be conducted to determine whether these two miRNAs can guide early diagnosis and diagnosis in CLL patients and to provide preliminary information to clinicians and contribute to the literature on this subject.
The Rise and Progress of Western Civilization: What about Islamic Civilization
Authors: Gumelar Gugun , Aripin Hilmi , Tabroni Imam , Intes Amina , Barra Ling 
Published: January 2024

Background. Since the 15th century AD, the course of human civilization has been clear, with Western civilization surpassing its Islamic counterpart. Even today, the strides made by Western civilization continue to be icons of global progress.
Purpose. The roots of this civilization can be traced back to Europe, where over the course of six centuries, a series of transformative events took place, including the Renaissance, Industrial Revolution, Aufklarung, and French Revolution.
Method. Muslims achieved significant progress during their classical period after a centuries-long process. Therefore, it is not surprising that Europe has achieved great progress in politics, culture and technological advancement, as it has had access to this knowledge for a long period of time.
Results. When comparing Western and Islamic civilizations, it is important to note that Islamic civilization reached great heights during its classical period.
Conclusion. In the classical era, Western civilization teetered on the brink of darkness, plunging many Europeans into an identity crisis. Meanwhile, Islamic civilization flourished, and Europeans eagerly drew knowledge from its teachings. The 14th to 15th centuries ushered in a period of progress and growth for Western civilization, which influenced other cultures as well. Today, after more than five centuries, Western civilization maintains its dominant position not only over Islamic and Eastern civilizations, but also other civilizations. The 14th to 15th century Renaissance.
Instilling Character Education Through Habituation at School with the Help of Parents
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno , Isrohmawati Isrohmawati , Munif Emi Bahrul , Jemmy Jemmy , Wahab Abdul 
Published: January 2024

Background. Islamic education is a process to provide and gain knowledge that occurs between students and educators to carry out the learning process in an Islamic perspective, explained how the concept of instilling character education through habituation in schools with the help of parents. It can be seen that the character of today's students has not developed well. Here the role of educators and parents is to apply good habituation so that it has a good impact on students.
Purpose. From This study aims to determine the character and habituation of a student and improve the student to have good morals.
Method. This research uses quantitative methods with field survey models. Then researchers also conducted in-depth interviews with teachers and students directly.
Results The results of this study explain that the role of instilling student character education through habituation in schools with the help of parents is very important in today's education.
Conclusion. Conclusion There are many models of habituation models in effective and creative ways to improve the character of a student. The limitations of this study researchers have not found many ways to instill good character so that it is quickly accepted by students, researchers hope that the next researcher can instill good character and easily accepted by students, so that students can improve maximum learning outcomes.
Injuries Associated with Prehospital CPR Provided by Professionals and Non-Professionals in Bangkok EMS
Authors: Victor Chakrapong , Poriswanish Nitikorn 
Published: January 2024

Background: This study is to concentrate on adverse outcomes of CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) among different performers that are trained first responders, professional practitioners, and automated devices by exploring types of injuries and comparing between datasets. It is also to find out potential contributing factors for each injury which display statistical significance.
Methods: Forensic autopsy data from a single center covering almost half of Bangkok and her outskirts which were performed during October 2020 to January 2021 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The data were divided into 3 groups, namely, TFR (trained first responder), PP (professional practitioner), and Auto (automated device i.e. LUCAS system). Thoraco-abdominal injuries were recorded including soft tissue, bone and internal viscera. Factors including age, BMI, sternal length (SL) and chest circumference (CC) were categorized in each injury. Statistical comparison between groups and analysis for significant factors were performed.
Results: A total number of 158 cases reported as OHCA with exclusion of thoraco-abdominal injuries were recruited. The most commonly found as a hallmark of CPR injuries are chest wall fractures especially those of ribs (65.7%). Bilateral anterior rib fractures are more common than unilateral. Significantly associated factors to rib fractures are age and BMI. Other injuries are sternal fractures, lung contusions and lacerations, epicardial and subendocardial hemorrhages, cardiac contusions, liver lacerations, and pancreatic and splenic hemorrhages. No statistical difference between injuries generated by trained first responders and professional practitioners. LUCAS devices show higher incidence of injuries than manual CPR.
Conclusion: This study may provide useful information for clinicians to investigate and monitor potential CPR complications as well as for forensic physicians to concern the injuries possibly caused by CPR.
Assessing Provider Understanding of Interfacility Emergency Medical Services Transport
Authors: Glober Nancy , Lardaro Thomas , Supples Michael , Liao Mark , Vaizer Julia , Faris Gregory , Ostahowski Paige , O'Donnell Daniel , Kao Christopher 
Published: January 2024

Background: Interfacility transfer between hospitals is an integral component of regional healthcare systems. The decisions referring providers make regarding emergency medical services (EMS) level of care and transport modality (ground versus air) can dramatically impact patient care, emergency departments' workflow, hospital length of stay, and EMS resource availability. Limited research has been done to assess understanding of interfacility transport by emergency medicine providers.
Methods: We developed six patient scenarios to test knowledge of level of care and mode of interfacility transfer. Seven board-certified EMS physicians determined the optimal answer to each patient scenario. We distributed a survey with the scenarios to regional healthcare partners via a database of persons who utilize or interface with interfacility transport services. We collected answers to the patient scenarios and provider characteristics (primary practice site, sex, age, specialty, years since graducation, provider degree, EMS training received). Descriptive statistics were performed and Fisher's exact tests described differences in correct answers as they varied by specialty (emergency medicine or other specialty), provider type (physician or advanced practice provider), and reported training in EMS level of care.
Results: Seventy-six emergency medicine providers responded, including 68 physicians and 8 advanced practice providers. The mean total score on the case scenarios was 66%, with scores ranging from 33% to 100%. The mean scores on questions testing level of care and transport modality were 67% and 70%, respectively. No significant difference was found in test scores between emergency medicine and other specialties (p=0.718) or provider level of training (p=0.799). Training in EMS level of care was correlated with higher scores on the transport modality questions (p=0.003) but not on the level of care questions (p=0.231).
Conclusion: Variability exists in the knowledge of providers on interfacility transport throughout the state. Emergency medicine providers could benefit from education on interfacility transfer resources.
Correlation Between Shock Index and Mortality in the Prehospital and Level 1 Rural Trauma Center Emergency Department Settings
Authors: Clancy Victoria , Leonard Matthew , Burns Bracken 
Published: January 2024

Background: The shock index is a valid tool used to detect impending circulatory collapse in the pre-hospital setting. As validation of the shock index requires high sample sizes, the majority of retrospective studies have been performed at urban level 1 trauma centers. We hypothesized that the shock index would accurately predict mortality in a rural level 1 trauma center.
Objective - Determine if the shock index continues to be a reliable predictive value in trauma patients for morbidity and mortality.
Setting - This retrospective study was performed at a state-designated level 1 trauma center in Johnson City, Tennessee. Patients were excluded from the study if they were under the age of 18, not immediately transported to the trauma center or if insufficient data was available. The shock index was calculated as heart rate/systolic blood pressure. Both the prehospital and emergency department shock indexes were calculated, with the emergency department vital signs being the first upon arrival. Patients were divided into three categories: SI ≤ 0.7, 0.71-0.89, and ≥ 0.9. We assessed the relationship between SI, blood product usage, and outcome variables using Pearson correlation coefficients and logistic regression. Chi-square analysis was used to show the difference in mortality between the groups.
Results - A higher shock index score after arrival to the emergency department experienced longer hospital, intensive care unit, and mechanical ventilation days, injury severity scores, packed red blood cells, plasma, platelets, and total blood product usage. Mortality was higher in the groups with an SI of ≥ 0.9 at the scene and arrival to the emergency department.
Conclusion - Patients with a shock index > 0.71-0.89 in both prehospital and emergency departments had higher mortality rates and need for transfusion. The shock index continues to be a reliable predictive value in trauma patients for morbidity and mortality.
Assessing the Feasibility of On-Shift Simulation to Improve Capacity Assessments by EMS Clinicians
Authors: Du Pont Daniel , Bar Jonathan , Baca James , Hunter Krystal , Kuc Alexander , Shah Aman , Carroll Gerard 
Published: January 2024

Objective
Determining the decision-making capacity of patients in the prehospital setting is a high-risk area for EMS systems. This risk is only enhanced by the growing prevalence of mental, neurological, and substance use disorders. This study sought to evaluate the feasibility of on-shift simulation as an educational method, in this case to improve EMS clinicians’ ability and confidence in performing capacity assessments.
Methods
This was a prospective experimental feasibility study performed at an urban, tertiary, academic medical center that operates its own EMS service. All participants were active EMTs or Paramedics. Subjects completed a pretest containing 10 patient scenarios addressing specific components of a complete capacity assessment. For each, participants were asked to decide if the patient had capacity and to rate how confident they were. They then participated in a simulated encounter with a standardized patient, designed to evaluate and teach skills in capacity assessment. A post-scenario debrief and didactic session were conducted. Lastly, subjects took a post-test consisting of the same 10 scenarios and confidence assessments.
Results
22 subjects completed the study. While there was no significant difference between the number of scenarios answered correctly before and after the intervention (9.18 vs 9.27), participants’ confidence scores did significantly increase (87.2 to 95.2, p < 0.001). This increase was driven by scenarios pertaining to mild dementia, pediatrics, and substance use.
Conclusions
Prehospital clinicians were able to correctly assess capacity in a variety of scenarios. A didactic session including a simulated patient encounter led to a significant increase in participants’ confidence in performing capacity assessments. This study revealed specific areas in which clinicians would likely benefit from further education, but further research is needed to ensure generalizability.
Paramedic Workforce Disparities Marked by Geographical Positioning
Authors: Betts Chloe , Stoneley Alannah , Anderson Judith , Sutton Clare 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Effective service delivery and the wellbeing of the paramedic workforce is reliant on confounding factors and is effectuated by geographical positioning. It is important to be aware that there may be several disparities between the rural and urban workforce due to differences in circumstances. However, there is limited literature available examining these. The objective of this review was to investigate where and how these disparities exist to make recommendations in achieving equity in the paramedic workforce and thus achieve patient-centred care universally across rural and urban populations.
Methods: The JBI approach was used to perform a scoping review to assess the availability of literature. Key words including paramedic*, EMT, urban OR metro*, rural OR remote and disparit* were inserted into the search engines MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus and Scopus. Titles and abstracts of the 282 results were screened by two authors and inclusion and exclusion criteria applied. The full text of the remaining 77 results were screened to inform the results of the review.
Results: The search identified 282 potentially relevant articles, of which 33 informed the results of the review. The included studies identified emerging themes relevant to the objective including: (1) the skills, training availability and confidence of the workforce (2) resourcing of ambulances inclusive of both workload and case load; (3) timings of each group regarding response, scene, and transport; and (4) the health status of paramedics in each subset location.
Conclusion: This review identified several disparities between rural and urban paramedic locations. However, it does not allow us to understand the extent at which these influence paramedics health and wellbeing and their ability to provide optimal patient-centred care which is equitable across locations. Further research is recommended to establish the extent to which these disparities are impacting the lives of paramedics and provision of emergency healthcare.
Chemical Incident Preparedness Among Emergency Medical Service Personnel
Authors: Gyllencreutz Lina , Karlsson Sofia , Sjölander Andreas , Björnstig Johanna , Hedberg Pia 
Published: January 2024

Background: Hazardous chemicals are essential for modern society but the use and transportation of them bears the risk of major incidents. Past incidents have revealed the importance of preparation and training of emergency medical service (EMS) personnel when responding to these incidents. However, studies have shown the level of preparedness to be insufficient. There is a lack of knowledge as to how EMS personnel perceive their preparedness and response when facing chemical incidents.
Aim: The aim of this study was to qualitative investigate working procedures regarding chemical incidents among a cohort of EMS personnel.
Method: Seventeen ambulance nurses from rural and urban areas were individually interviewed using four different realistic scenarios (vignettes). The transcribed text from the interviews was analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
Result: The results were derived into two categories with underlying sub-categories: a struggle to organize the onsite work situation (insufficient managerial support, limited resources, trust in rescue services, difficult decision making, stressful responsibilities); and decontamination—a demanding and risky situation (risk management, work in protective gear, aggravating circumstances). Participants often lack real life experience in facing a chemical incident and training that improves preparedness and the ability to respond adequately.
Conclusion: Chemical incidents pose many challenges for EMS personnel, but with proper training efforts many of these challenges could be solved. This study has shown the need for more accessible chemical incident training targeting EMS personnel: especially focusing on risk assessment; managerial support; resource management; equipment; and decontamination, including stress management and decision-making. Research in the area of chemical incidents is sparse and there remains much to understand concerning work procedures during chemical incidents.
JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CRIME OF MALTREATMENT RESULTING IN SERIOUS INJURY
Authors: Alice  , Bonggoibo  
Published: January 2024

Persecution is a crime committed by intentionally damaging the health of another person resulting in injury or pain to a person's body, this persecution is also usually carried out because of a grudge or feeling humiliated by others persecution. the problem of persecution and the Judges' Legal Considerations in imposing crimes against perpetrators of persecution in the Manokwari District Court Decision No. 149/Pid.B.2021.PN.MNK. The purpose of this research is to find out the provisions referred to in the crime of maltreatment of serious injury and to find out the application of criminal sanctions against victims of maltreatment causing serious injury with case number 149/Pid.B.2021.PN.MNK). The method of analysis and the data obtained are analyzed qualitatively, namely the analysis carried out by understanding and assembling legal materials related to the problems that have been collected descriptively so that an overview of the problem under study can be obtained, then the legal material is presented systematically and then legal interpretation is carried out.
LEGAL PROTLEGAL PROTECTION FOR CUSTOMERS OF CECTION FOR CUSTOMERS OF CONVENTIONAL INSURANCE COMPANIES THAT CONVERT INTO SHARIA GENERAL INSURANCE
Authors: Manurung Qhairul Fadly 
Published: January 2024

The problem of legal protection for customers who are members of insurance companies that carry out conversion from conventional insurance to general Sharia Insurance has indications of the emergence of legal problems. This is because the customer must decide whether to renew the policy contract with Adira Insurance for conventional general insurance products or change the policy contract to a Sharia General Insurance Policy. The research method used is normative juridical. The purpose of this study is to answer about legal protection for customers who are members of insurance companies that carry out conventions from conventional insurance to general Sharia Insurance. The results showed that its urgency to find a format and solution from the company for all former clients of PT Zurich Insurance Indonesia so that clients who do not want to transfer their policies to Sharia General Insurance have clear certainty and legal protection.
ERADICATION OF CRIMINAL ACTS OF CORRUPTION TOWARDS DIRECTORS OF COMMANDITAIRE VENNOOTSCHAP WHO PERFORM CRIMINAL ACTS OF CORRUPTION
Authors: Sibghatullah BW As'ad Djaelani 
Published: January 2024

This study aims to determine and to qualify criminal acts of corruption within article 2 and article 3 of Law Number 31 Year 1999 On Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption, and to determine the application of material criminal law and legal considerations by the judges in deciding the verdict
The statute approach, which examines laws that are related to research problems, is the approach used in this normative research. In addition to the statue approach, the author also carries out a case approach, which means that this research is complemented by a review of the judge's considerations in the decision. The primary and secondary materials obtained were then analyzed descriptively to then be presented qualitatively.
This research concluded that: 1) Article 2 and Article 3 of the Law of 1999 has several differences. One of the differences can be found on the subject. Article 2 applies to anyone who commits the act and Article 3 applies to anyone with a "post or position" who abuses the authority in committing the act. This means the subject of Article 3 only refers to Civil Servants; and 2) the application of material law against the CV Director who committed the criminal act of corruption is improper due to the facts that the defendant as a CV director is not considered as a Civil Servant and the judge consideration sentenced the defendant with subsidiary indictment ( Article 3) because according to the judges his action fulfills the materials of the article.
JURIDICAL ASPECTS OF UNDERAGE MARRIAGE AND CUSTOMARY LAW
Authors: Royani Esti , Nurtjahjo Arief , Bilung Norti , Sajid Ali  
Published: January 2024

In Mahakam Ulu Regency, underage marriages occur, where men are only 16 years old and women are 14 years old. From a positive legal perspective, underage marriage is very unusual for those who marry at a very young age, from a legal perspective it can violate Law Number 35 of 2014 the role of parents to prevent underage marriages in this case is contrary to the Act. Child Protection Act. Throughout 2019, in Mahakam Ulu Regency in the past year, according to research recorded at the Population and Civil Registration Office in Mahakam Ulu Regency, 20 underage couples got married. The majority of couples who marry underage are pregnant out of wedlock due to promiscuity. Of the twenty couples, the village with the highest number of child marriages compared to other villages, namely six couples, occurred in Mahakam Ulu Regency. empirical juridical research, research using field data. The results showed that the Juridical Aspects of Underage Marriage according to Indonesian Positive Law can be seen in the provisions of Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Marriage Article 7 paragraph (1) Marriage is only permitted if the man has reached the age of 19 years and the woman has reached the age of 19 years. Article 6 paragraph (2) To carry out a marriage, a person who has not reached the age of 21 years must obtain permission from both parents and Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection Article 26 (1) Parents are obliged and responsible for: caring for, maintaining, educate and protect children, develop children according to their abilities, talents and interests and; prevent child marriage.