bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentration of measure for graphon particle system
Authors: Bayraktar Erhan , Kim Donghan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe study heterogeneously interacting diffusive particle systems with mean-field-type interaction characterized by an underlying graphon and their finite particle approximations. Under suitable conditions, we obtain exponential concentration estimates over a finite time horizon for both 1- and 2-Wasserstein distances between the empirical measures of the finite particle systems and the averaged law of the graphon system.
Intersectionality, Intersectional Standpoints, and Identity Politics
Authors: Meghani Zahra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article differentiates between standpoints, intersectionality, intersectional standpoints, and identity politics. It argues that although there is no necessary connection between intersectionality and ethics, the intersectional standpoints of the oppressed do epistemic, ethical, and political work. To make this argument it uses a case study that takes the form of an analysis of mainstream arguments for denying public assistance to the working-class undocumented from an intersectional standpoint of that group. This paper also addresses two substantial criticisms of intersectional standpoints, including the charge that identity-politics-based intersectional standpoints foster victimhood politics and undermine class-based struggles.
Value Conflicts Revisited: Muslims, Gender Equality, and Gestures of Respect
Authors: Ivarsflaten Elisabeth , Helbling Marc , Sniderman Paul M. , Traunmüller Richard 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis is a study on the inclusion of Muslims in liberal democracies in the presence of value conflict. We focus on handshaking controversies that appear to pit gender equality against religious freedom. The possible outcomes seem mutually exclusive: either conservative Muslim minorities must conform to the norms of the majority culture, or non-Muslim majorities must acquiesce to the legitimacy of conservative Muslim ideas. Using a trio of experiments to replicate our results, we demonstrate the efficacy of introducing alternative gestures of respect. Presented with a substitute gesture of respect – placing the ‘hand on heart’ – non-Muslim demands for Muslim conformity drop dramatically. The results of the handshaking experiments call out a general lesson. Thanks to the ingenuity and versatility of cultural customs to signal respect, value conflicts can be open to resolution in everyday encounters without minorities or majorities having to forsake their convictions.
A novel remote assessment pathway to streamline the management of two-week-wait suspected head and neck cancer referrals: a prospective analysis of 660 patients
Authors: Metcalfe Christopher , Oh Soo , Glazzard Nina , Ross Elizabeth , George Ajith 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study analyses outcomes for 660 patients managed via a novel telescopic pathway for suspected head and neck cancer referrals.MethodData were collected prospectively between January 2021 and December 2022, capturing all two-week-wait referrals triaged as low risk and managed via a nurse-led clinic for nasendoscopic examination and consultant-led remote assessment.ResultsIn total, 660 patients were included. There were six head and neck cancers diagnosed, giving a conversion rate of 0.9 per cent. Mean (standard deviation) time to informing the patient whether they did or did not have cancer (28-day faster diagnosis standard) was 28.6 days (20.2), with no significant difference observed in patients imaged prior to review (p = 0.63). No missed cancers were detected in the follow-up period.ConclusionLow-risk head and neck cancer referrals can be safely managed in a nurse-led clinic for recorded examination with asynchronous consultant-led management. Further work is required to ensure adherence to the new faster diagnosis standard.
An analysis of the dual burden of childhood stunting and wasting in Myanmar: a copula geoadditive modelling approach
Authors: Bhadra Dhiman 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To analyse the spatial variation and risk factors of the dual burden of childhood stunting and wasting in Myanmar.

Design:
Analysis was carried out on nationally representative data obtained from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey conducted during 2015–2016. Childhood stunting and wasting are used as proxies of chronic and acute childhood undernutrition. A child with standardised height-for-age Z score (HAZ) below –2 is categorised as stunted while that with a weight-for-height Z score (WHZ) below –2 as wasted.

Setting:
A nationally representative sample of households from the fifteen states and regions of Myanmar.

Participants:
Children under the age of five (

$n$

4162).

Results:
Overall marginal prevalence of childhood stunting and wasting was 28·9 % (95 % CI 27·5, 30·2) and 7·3 % (95 % CI 6·5, 8·0) while their concurrent prevalence was 1·6 % (95 % CI 1·2, 2·0). The study revealed mild positive association between stunting and wasting across Myanmar. Both stunting and wasting had significant spatial variation across the country with eastern regions having higher burden of stunting while southern regions having higher prevalence of wasting. Child age and maternal WHZ score had significant non-linear association with both stunting and wasting while child gender, ethnicity and household wealth quintile had significant association with stunting.

Conclusion:
The study provides data-driven evidence about the association between stunting and wasting and their spatial variation across Myanmar. The resulting insights can aid in the formulation and implementation of targeted, region-specific interventions towards improving the state of childhood undernutrition in Myanmar.
Locally Tight Programs
Authors: FANDINNO JORGE , LIFSCHITZ VLADIMIR , TEMPLE NATHAN 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProgram completion is a translation from the language of logic programs into the language of first-order theories. Its original definition has been extended to programs that include integer arithmetic, accept input, and distinguish between output predicates and auxiliary predicates. For tight programs, that generalization of completion is known to match the stable model semantics, which is the basis of answer set programming. We show that the tightness condition in this theorem can be replaced by a less restrictive “local tightness” requirement. From this fact we conclude that the proof assistant anthem-p2p can be used to verify equivalence between locally tight programs.
Transgression Severity, Forgiveness, Relationship Satisfaction, and Mental Health in Romantic Relationships
Authors: Behrens Carolin , Kröger Christoph 
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Background: Based on interdependence theory, forgiveness could be a strategy for dealing with interpersonal transgressions in a romantic relationship. Objective: The present study examines the effects of transgression severity on relationship satisfaction and mental health along two forgiveness dimensions – resentment-avoidance and benevolence. Method: 351 opposite-gender couples (age M = 48.24 years, SD = 12.88; relationship duration M = 22.71 years, SD = 12.96) rated four self-report measures. We analyzed the cross-sectional data using an Actor–Partner Interdependence Mediation Model (APIMeM). Results: There was a significant indirect effect of transgression severity through resentment-avoidance for the actor’s and the partner’s relationship satisfaction. The link through benevolence was significant only for the partner’s relationship satisfaction. Regarding mental health, the indirect effects of resentment-avoidance and benevolence were significant for the actor and the partner. Conclusions: The findings support the notion that forgiveness impacts both partners’ relational and individual well-being.
Distinct Mixing Regimes in Shallow Cumulus Clouds
Authors: Arieli Yael , Eytan Eshkol , Altaratz Orit , Khain Alexander , Koren Ilan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the nature of mixing between cloudy air and its surroundings is an important and yet, open question. In this research, we use high‐resolution (10 m) bin‐microphysics Large Eddy Simulation of a cumulus cloud, together with a Lagrangian passive tracer tracking method, to study mixing. We analyze the passive tracers as a function of their trajectories and the thermodynamic conditions they undergo inside and outside the cloud. Three main mixing regimes (core, periphery, and skin) are identified, each determining a subset of tracers with similar trajectories. These mixing regimes can be observed throughout the cloud's lifetime and they provide evidence for the presence of an undiluted core in shallow cumulus clouds. At the dissipation stage, a fourth regime is identified: cloud‐top entrainment followed by downdrafts.
Weakened Orographic Influence on Cool‐Season Precipitation in Simulations of Future Warming Over the Western US
Authors: Koszuta Matthew , Siler Nicholas , Leung L. Ruby , Wettstein Justin J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHigh‐resolution regional climate model (RCM) simulations of global warming consistently predict larger percentage increases in precipitation in the lee of midlatitude mountain ranges than on their windward slopes, indicating a weakening of the orographic rain shadow. This redistribution of precipitation could have profound consequences for water resources and ecosystems, but its underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here we show that rain‐shadow weakening is just one manifestation of a more general decrease in the influence of orography on precipitation under global warming. We introduce a simple model of precipitation change based on this principle, and find that it agrees well with an ensemble of high‐resolution simulations performed over the western United States. We argue that diminished orographic influence can be explained by the unique vertical structure of orographically forced ascent, which tends to maximize in the lower atmosphere where condensation is thermodynamically less sensitive to warming.
Structural Restorations of the Complete Conjugate US‐Mexico Eastern Gulf of Mexico Margin
Authors: Curry Magdalena Ellis , Hudec Michael R. , Peel Frank J. , Fernandez Naiara , Apps Gillian , Snedden John W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe present the first sequential structural restoration with flexural backstripping of the Gulf of Mexico US‐Mexico conjugate margin salt basin. We construct four large‐scale (100s of km) balanced, sequential structural restorations to investigate spatio‐temporal patterns of subsidence, geometry of the original salt basin, feedbacks between post‐salt structural and stratigraphic evolution, paleo‐bathymetry, and crustal configurations. The restorations are based on interpretations of 2D and 3D seismic data, and include sequential sedimentary decompaction, flexural isostatic backstripping, and thermal isostatic corrections. The spatially variable crustal thinning factor is directly measured from seismic data, and lithologic parameters are determined by well penetrations. We present a model for the original salt basin and discuss evidence for and implications of a deep water salt basin setting for the GoM. Our analysis suggests a salt basin that contained ∼1–2 km thick salt in a basin 175–390 km across with ∼1 km of bathymetry after salt deposition. The base of salt is mostly smooth with <1 km of local relief in the form of normal faults that disrupt a pre‐salt sedimentary section. We find that supra‐salt extension and shortening are not balanced, with measurable extension exceeding shortening by 18–30 km on each cross‐section. Our subsidence analysis reveals anomalous subsidence totaling 1–2 km during Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous times that may reflect dynamic topography or depth‐dependent thinning. We offer an interpretation of crustal breakup invoking pre‐salt clastic sedimentation, salt deposition in a deep water syn‐thinning basin, and post‐salt lower‐crustal exhumation.
Connectome dysfunction in patients at clinical high risk for psychosis and modulation by oxytocin
Authors: Davies Cathy , Martins Daniel , Dipasquale Ottavia , McCutcheon Robert A. , De Micheli Andrea , Ramella-Cravaro Valentina , Provenzani Umberto , Rutigliano Grazia , Cappucciati Marco , Oliver Dominic , Williams Steve , Zelaya Fernando , Allen Paul , Murguia Silvia , Taylor David , Shergill Sukhi , Morrison Paul , McGuire Philip , Paloyelis Yannis , Fusar-Poli Paolo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAbnormalities in functional brain networks (functional connectome) are increasingly implicated in people at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P). Intranasal oxytocin, a potential novel treatment for the CHR-P state, modulates network topology in healthy individuals. However, its connectomic effects in people at CHR-P remain unknown. Forty-seven men (30 CHR-P and 17 healthy controls) received acute challenges of both intranasal oxytocin 40 IU and placebo in two parallel randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over studies which had similar but not identical designs. Multi-echo resting-state fMRI data was acquired at approximately 1 h post-dosing. Using a graph theoretical approach, the effects of group (CHR-P vs healthy control), treatment (oxytocin vs placebo) and respective interactions were tested on graph metrics describing the topology of the functional connectome. Group effects were observed in 12 regions (all pFDR < 0.05) most localised to the frontoparietal network. Treatment effects were found in 7 regions (all pFDR < 0.05) predominantly within the ventral attention network. Our major finding was that many effects of oxytocin on network topology differ across CHR-P and healthy individuals, with significant interaction effects observed in numerous subcortical regions strongly implicated in psychosis onset, such as the thalamus, pallidum and nucleus accumbens, and cortical regions which localised primarily to the default mode network (12 regions, all pFDR < 0.05). Collectively, our findings provide new insights on aberrant functional brain network organisation associated with psychosis risk and demonstrate, for the first time, that oxytocin modulates network topology in brain regions implicated in the pathophysiology of psychosis in a clinical status (CHR-P vs healthy control) specific manner.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor from microglia regulates neuronal development in the medial prefrontal cortex and its associated social behavior
Authors: Komori Takashi , Okamura Kazuya , Ikehara Minobu , Yamamuro Kazuhiko , Endo Nozomi , Okumura Kazuki , Yamauchi Takahira , Ikawa Daisuke , Ouji-Sageshima Noriko , Toritsuka Michihiro , Takada Ryohei , Kayashima Yoshinori , Ishida Rio , Mori Yuki , Kamikawa Kohei , Noriyama Yuki , Nishi Yuki , Ito Toshihiro , Saito Yasuhiko , Nishi Mayumi , Kishimoto Toshifumi , Tanaka Kenji F. , Hiroi Noboru , Makinodan Manabu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMicroglia and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are essential for the neuroplasticity that characterizes critical developmental periods. The experience-dependent development of social behaviors—associated with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)—has a critical period during the juvenile period in mice. However, whether microglia and BDNF affect social development remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the effects of microglia-derived BDNF on social behaviors and mPFC development. Mice that underwent social isolation during p21–p35 had increased Bdnf in the microglia accompanied by reduced adulthood sociability. Additionally, transgenic mice overexpressing microglial Bdnf—regulated using doxycycline at different time points—underwent behavioral, electrophysiological, and gene expression analyses. In these mice, long-term overexpression of microglial BDNF impaired sociability and excessive mPFC inhibitory neuronal circuit activity. However, administering doxycycline to normalize BDNF from p21 normalized sociability and electrophysiological function in the mPFC, whereas normalizing BDNF from later ages (p45–p50) did not normalize electrophysiological abnormalities in the mPFC, despite the improved sociability. To evaluate the possible role of BDNF in human sociability, we analyzed the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and BDNF expression in human macrophages, a possible proxy for microglia. Results show that adverse childhood experiences positively correlated with BDNF expression in M2 but not M1 macrophages. In summary, our study demonstrated the influence of microglial BDNF on the development of experience-dependent social behaviors in mice, emphasizing its specific impact on the maturation of mPFC function, particularly during the juvenile period. Furthermore, our results propose a translational implication by suggesting a potential link between BDNF secretion from macrophages and childhood experiences in humans.
Reliability of sucrose preference testing following short or no food and water deprivation—a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of rat models of chronic unpredictable stress
Authors: Berrio Jenny P. , Hestehave Sara , Kalliokoski Otto 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe sucrose preference test is a popular test for anhedonia in the chronic unpredictable stress model of depression. Yet, the test does not always produce consistent results. Long food and water deprivation before the test, while often implemented, confounds the results by introducing unwanted drives in the form of hunger and thirst. We assessed the reliability of the test when only short or no fasting was used. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress that used no more than 6 h of food and/or water deprivation before the test. Sweet consumptions, for stressed and control/antidepressant-treated animals, in 132 studies were pooled using random effects models. We found a decrease in sweet consumption in stressed rats, compared to controls, that was halved when a non-caloric sweetener was used and significantly reduced when sucrose consumption was corrected for body weight. What is more, the length of food and water deprivation was found to confound the effect. The effect was reversed when the stressed rats were treated with antidepressants. Methodological strategies meant to control for recognized sources of bias when conducting the test were often missing, and so was a clear and complete report of essential study information. Our results indicate that not only is food and water deprivation before the test unnecessary, but not recommended. Even in absence of long fasting, we found evidence of an additional effect on sweet consumption that is unrelated to anhedonia. Without properly controlling for non-hedonic drivers of consumption, the test is unreliable as a proxy measure of anhedonia. Strengthening the methodological rigor and addressing the confounding effect of metabolic factors in the sucrose preference test prevents misleading conclusions that harm the translatability of the associated research and perpetuates the use of animals for little gain.
COX6C expression driven by copy amplification of 8q22.2 regulates cell proliferation via mediation of mitosis by ROS-AMPK signaling in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Shuanghui , Shao Fanggui , Wang Yourong , Zhang Yurui , Yu Hongjia , Zhang Ningxin , He Lan , Kong Qingran , Jiang Hao , Dong Zhixiong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCopy number variations (CNVs) play a vital role in regulating genes expression and tumorigenesis. We explored the copy number alterations in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma using high-throughput sequencing and nucleic acid flight mass spectrometry technology, and found that 8q22.1-22.2 is frequently amplified in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. COX6C localizes on the region and its expression is notably enhanced that driven by amplification in lung adenocarcinoma. Knockdown of COX6C significantly inhibits the cell proliferation, and induces S-G2/M cell cycle arrest, mitosis deficiency and apoptosis. Moreover, COX6C depletion causes a deficiency in mitochondrial fusion, and impairment of oxidative phosphorylation. Mechanistically, COX6C-induced mitochondrial deficiency stimulates ROS accumulation and activates AMPK pathway, then leading to abnormality in spindle formation and chromosome segregation, activating spindle assemble checkpoint, causing mitotic arrest, and ultimately inducing cell apoptosis. Collectively, we suggested that copy amplification-mediated COX6C upregulation might serves as a prospective biomarker for prognosis and targeting therapy in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
Drought may exacerbate dryland soil inorganic carbon loss under warming climate conditions
Authors: Li Jinquan , Pei Junmin , Fang Changming , Li Bo , Nie Ming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLow moisture conditions result in substantially more soil inorganic carbon (SIC) than soil organic carbon (SOC) in drylands. However, whether and how changes in moisture affect the temperature response of SIC in drylands are poorly understood. Here, we report that the temperature sensitivity of SIC dissolution increases but that of SOC decomposition decreases with increasing natural aridity from 30 dryland sites along a 4,500 km aridity gradient in northern China. To directly test the effects of moisture changes alone, a soil moisture control experiment also revealed opposite moisture effects on the temperature sensitivities of SIC and SOC. Moreover, we found that the temperature sensitivity of SIC was primarily regulated by pH and base cations, whereas that of SOC was mainly regulated by physicochemical protection along the aridity gradient. Given the overall increases in aridity in a warming world, our findings highlight that drought may exacerbate dryland soil carbon loss from SIC under warming.
Direct bandgap emission from strain-doped germanium
Authors: Yuan Lin-Ding , Li Shu-Shen , Luo Jun-Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGermanium (Ge) is an attractive material for Silicon (Si) compatible optoelectronics, but the nature of its indirect bandgap renders it an inefficient light emitter. Drawing inspiration from the significant expansion of Ge volume upon lithiation as a Lithium (Li) ion battery anode, here, we propose incorporating Li atoms into the Ge to cause lattice expansion to achieve the desired tensile strain for a transition from an indirect to a direct bandgap. Our first-principles calculations show that a minimal amount of 3 at.% Li can convert Ge from an indirect to a direct bandgap to possess a dipole transition matrix element comparable to that of typical direct bandgap semiconductors. To enhance compatibility with Si Complementary-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductors (CMOS) technology, we additionally suggest implanting noble gas atoms instead of Li atoms. We also demonstrate the tunability of the direct-bandgap emission wavelength through the manipulation of dopant concentration, enabling coverage of the mid-infrared to far-infrared spectrum. This Ge-based light-emitting approach presents exciting prospects for surpassing the physical limitations of Si technology in the field of photonics and calls for experimental proof-of-concept studies.