bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phenotype-based AI pipeline outperforms human experts in differentially diagnosing rare diseases using EHRs
Authors: Mao Xiaohao , Huang Yu , Jin Ye , Wang Lun , Chen Xuanzhong , Liu Honghong , Yang Xinglin , Xu Haopeng , Luan Xiaodong , Xiao Ying , Feng Siqin , Zhu Jiahao , Zhang Xuegong , Jiang Rui , Zhang Shuyang , Chen Ting 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Rare diseases, affecting ~350 million people worldwide, pose significant challenges in clinical diagnosis due to the lack of experienced physicians and the complexity of differentiating between numerous rare diseases. To address these challenges, we introduce PhenoBrain, a fully automated artificial intelligence pipeline. PhenoBrain utilizes a BERT-based natural language processing model to extract phenotypes from clinical texts in EHRs and employs five new diagnostic models for differential diagnoses of rare diseases. The AI system was developed and evaluated on diverse, multi-country rare disease datasets, comprising 2271 cases with 431 rare diseases. In 1936 test cases, PhenoBrain achieved an average predicted top-3 recall of 0.513 and a top-10 recall of 0.654, surpassing 13 leading prediction methods. In a human-computer study with 75 cases, PhenoBrain exhibited exceptional performance with a top-3 recall of 0.613 and a top-10 recall of 0.813, surpassing the performance of 50 specialist physicians and large language models like ChatGPT and GPT-4. Combining PhenoBrain’s predictions with specialists increased the top-3 recall to 0.768, demonstrating its potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy in clinical workflows.
Dose and strain dependent lethality of Usutu virus in an Ifnar−/− mouse model
Authors: Duyvestyn Johanna M. , Marshall Eleanor M. , Bredenbeek Peter J. , Rockx Barry , van Hemert Martijn J. , Kikkert Marjolein 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic flavivirus with a geographic range that has expanded over recent years. Maintained in a transmission cycle between mosquito vectors and avian reservoirs the virus can cause large seasonal outbreaks in bird populations, but spillover into mammalian hosts has also been reported. While usually mild or asymptomatic in humans, neurological disorders are increasingly observed, which has boosted interest and the need for better understanding of the pathogenesis of various USUV lineages. In this study we inoculated interferon α/β receptor knockout (Ifnar−/−) mice with decreasing doses of USUV, monitoring symptoms and survival to determine a less lethal dose, and we directly compared isolates from three different viral lineages. We found that a Dutch isolate of USUV Africa-3 lineage is lethal at a dose of 20 pfu per mouse, which is considerably lower than what was anticipated based upon the literature. A Europe-2 strain showed an even higher virulence in this mouse model, compared to strains from Africa-3 and Europe-3 lineages—though this was not reflected in in vitro studies. These results enhance our understanding of the pathogenicity of different USUV strains and provide guidance for the use of low doses for inoculation in an Ifnar−/− animal model.
Terrestrial planet formation during giant planet formation and giant planet migration
Authors: Brasser R. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Terrestrial planet formation (TPF) is a difficult problem that has vexed researchers for decades. Numerical models are only partially successful at reproducing the orbital architecture of the inner planets, but have generally not considered the effect of the growth of the giant planets. Cosmochemical experiments suggest that the nucleosynthetic isotopic composition of bodies from beyond Jupiter is different from that of the inner Solar System. This difference could have implications for the composition of the terrestrial planets.
Aims. I aim to compute how much material from the formation region of the gas giants ends up being implanted in the inner Solar System due to gas drag from the protoplanetary disc, how this implantation alters the feedstocks of the terrestrial planets, and whether this implantation scenario is consistent with predictions from cosmochemistry.
Methods. I dynamically model TPF as the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn are growing using the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) software Gravitational ENcounters with GPU Acceleration (GENGA). The evolution of the masses, radii, and orbital elements of the gas giants are precomputed and read and interpolated within GENGA. The terrestrial planets are formed by planetesimal accretion from tens of thousands of self-gravitating planetesimals spread between 0.5 au and 8.5 au. The total mass of the inner planetesimal disc and outer disc are typically 2 and 3 Earth masses (M⊕) respectively, and the composition of the planetesimals changes from non-carbonaceous-like to carbonaceous-like at a prescribed distance, ranging from 2 au to 5 au.
Results. Here, I report on the first 5 million years of evolution. At this time approximately 20% of the mass of planetesimals in the Jupiter-Saturn region is implanted in the inner Solar System, which could be more than the cosmochemical models predict; this amount can be reduced by reducing the total mass of the outer planetesimal disc, and the results suggest a mass of 1 M⊕ could suffice. The mass-weighted fraction of outer Solar System material implanted in the inner Solar System shows a flat or bimodal distribution beyond 0.7 au, with an occasional peak near 0.9 au. The planetesimals that remain in the inner Solar System have a mixed composition, which could have implications for late accretion.
Conclusions. The growing gas giants scattered the planetesimals in their vicinity into the inner Solar System, which changed the isotopic composition of the terrestrial planets. The inner planetesimal disc may not have extended much farther than 2 au, otherwise embryos do not grow fast enough to produce Mars analogues. This could mean that the region of the current asteroid belt never contained much mass to begin with. The implantation scenario could also explain the existence of active asteroids in the main belt.
Considerations for the Federal Reserve’s upcoming framework review
Authors: Mester Loretta J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A monetary policy framework should be effective across a wide variety of economic circumstances. Since the economic environment today is considerably different from what it was in the decade leading up to the 2019–2020 review, there is scope for some improvements in the FOMC's framework. While the inflation target should remain the same, there should be more emphasis on a symmetric approach, which recognizes that inflation can go above target as well as below target and recognizes that the level of employment need not be consistent with stable prices. The consensus statement should also acknowledge that the risks to inflation and employment can vary over time and that policy will need to balance these risks. The strategy and consensus statement should reinforce the forward-looking and pre-emptive nature of setting appropriate monetary policy. The upcoming framework review should spend some effort on examining potential improvements to the FOMC's communication strategy. The FOMC should issue post-meeting statements that more clearly explain the linkage between economic developments and policy action or inaction. Putting somewhat less weight on the modal outlook and more on potential risks to the outlook would help the public understand that if certain risks are realized, policy may have to deviate from the previously communicated modal path. The FOMC should also consider improvements to the Summary of Economic Projections (SEP). I anticipate that the FOMC review will consider monetary policy tools and, in particular, asset purchases and forward guidance. Finally, the review should consider how best to incorporate financial stability considerations into the monetary policy framework.
Influence of Ho3+ doping on microstructure and dielectric properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 lead free ceramic
Authors: Rani Kanika , Ahlawat Neetu , Kundu R S , Pooja  , Saini Deepak , Deepa  
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The present research investigated the effect of Ho3+ doping on the microstructural and dielectric properties of Ca1−x
Ho
x
Cu3Ti4O12 ceramic. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the formation of calcium copper titanate (CCTO) ceramic. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed that the grain size of Ca1−x
Ho
x
Cu3Ti4O12 samples significantly decreased with increasing Ho3+ ion concentration, which consequently reduced the dielectric constant in the doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics. The lowest dielectric losses (tanδ = 0.13 at 323 K and 1 kHz) and a dielectric permittivity (ϵ′ = 8.38 × 103) were observed in the Ca0.98Ho0.02Cu3Ti4O12 ceramic. The dielectric behavior of the Ca1−x
Ho
x
Cu3Ti4O12 ceramics was correlated with the internal barrier layer capacitance model. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) detected the presence of Cu+/Cu2+ and Ti3+/Ti4+ in all synthesized samples, indicating that electron hopping between Cu+ ↔ Cu2+ and Ti3+ ↔ Ti4+ ionic states was the main cause of the formation of semiconducting grains in the synthesized ceramics.
TiO2/SiO2/g-C3N4 flower-like spheres with g-C3N4 sheets for enhanced visible-light-driven photodegradation of industrial pollutants via an adsorption–photocatalysis synergy
Authors: Darvish Samira Mohammad , Hosseini Zahra Sadat , Masoudi Amir Ali , Mortezaali Abdollah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Wastewaters containing toxic pollutants such as dyes, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals have an adverse effect on human and aquatic life. Pharmaceuticals cannot be efficiently removed by conventional wastewater treatment processes. The use of proper photocatalysts for the removal of pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems is gaining extensive attention. In this research, TiO2/SiO2/g-C3N4 nanostructured photocatalysts in the form of powder (NP) and thin films (TFs) with different concentrations of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) sheets were prepared by simple hydrothermal and dip-coating methods, respectively. The morphology, composition, structure and optical properties of the samples were systematically investigated using relevant characterization techniques. The obtained results indicate that modification of titanium dioxide (TiO2) with silicon dioxide (SiO2) effectively preserves the active anatase phase of TiO2, increases the specific surface area of the TiO2 sample and improves the absorption of visible light due to the formation of imperfections in the crystal structure. The results of photocatalytic experiments indicate that adding g-C3N4 enhances photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) and tetracycline (TC) due to an increase in the effective surface area, charge carrier separation and increased light absorption in the visible region. The highest efficiency was achieved for the sample with 0.03 g of g-C3N4 in the precursor solution. TiO2/SiO2/g-C3N4 NP compared with its TF counterpart possesses higher visible photodegradation, with an efficiency of ∼96% for a solution of 20 mg l−1 MB and a corresponding adsorption of 88% in the dark within 60 min. In addition, TF photocatalysts showed good reusability and feasible separation from the refined solution. Efficient removal of TC by a reactor designed to be applicable to both synthesized TF and NP photocatalysts was achieved under visible light illumination. This work may provide an effective approach for the removal of antibiotics in wastewater.
Predicting thermoelectric performance of AlGaSbAs-based systems for thermo-photovoltaic cell applications
Authors: Merabet Boualem , Maleque Md Abdul , Belhachi Sofyane , Masood A Ibnu , Hossain Mohammad Sayeed , Algethami Abdullah A , Ali Hafiz T 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The development of high-performance thermoelectric (TE) materials is critical for advancing thermo-photovoltaic (TPV) technologies. To evaluate TE properties of AlGaSbAs-based systems, highlighting their potential for efficient thermal energy conversion in TPV cell applications, this paper explores and selects a new material that predict TE performance of TPV system while ensuring environmental sustainability. The study further delves into material-specific performance with a case study on AlGaSbAs, including thermal conductivity, bandgap (Eg) engineering and figure of merit using a Python simulation tool to improve the TPV cells’ quantum efficiency and thermal stability. Using such a predictive computational framework, key TE parameters are quantified: figure of merit (ZT ∼ 1.5–2.5), Seebeck coefficient (S: 150–300 μV/K), electrical conductivity (103–104 S m−1), and thermal conductivity (κ
l
of 0.91 W mK−1 at 1100 K). Suitable Eg of Al0.125Ga0.875Sb0.75As0.25 (0.554 eV) ensures alignment with mid-infrared photon energies, optimizing energy conversion in TPV systems operating at 500–1200 K. Innovations include alloy engineering to enhance phonon scattering, nanostructuring to minimize lattice thermal conductivity (κ
l
), and doping strategies to boost power factor. This study establishes AlGaSbAs as a scalable, thermally stable, and environmentally friendly material for next-generation TPV systems, providing a pathway for integrated TE and photovoltaic energy conversion solutions. The results showed that the thermal conductivity decreases with increasing temperature following a trend where it is inversely proportional to temperature which is beneficial as it suggests reduced heat loss at higher temperatures. S coefficient showed a linear increasing trend with the increasing of temperature demonstrating that the material becomes more effective at converting temperature differences into electrical voltage at higher temperatures. With controlling thermal parameters and selecting of the most suitable material, the efficiency of AlGaSbAs-based TPV cells can be significantly improved, making them more viable for high-temperature applications.
Chasing cosmic inflation: constraints for inflationary models and reheating insights
Authors: Ballardini Mario 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate the impact of different choice of prior's range for the reheating epoch on cosmic inflation parameter inference
in light of cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy measurements from the Planck 2018 legacy release
in combination with BICEP/Keck Array 2018 data and additional late-time cosmological observations such as uncalibrated
Type Ia supernovae from the Pantheon catalogue, baryon acoustic oscillations and redshift space distortions
from SDSS/BOSS/eBOSS.
Here, we explore in particular the implications for the combination of reheating and inflationary-model parameter space
considering R+R
2 inflation and a broad class of α-attractor and D-brane models.
Propagating the uncertainties due to an unknown reheating phase, these inflationary models completely cover the n
s-r parameter space allowed by Planck and BICEP/Keck data
and represent good targets for future CMB and large-scale structure experiments.
We perform a Bayesian model comparison of inflationary models, taking into account the reheating uncertainties
assuming a conservative but accurate modelling of inflationary predictions.
R+R
2 inflation, T-model α-attractor inflation for n=1, E-model α-attractor inflation for n=1/2,
and KKLT inflation for p=5 are the better performing models, with none being preferred at a statistically significant level.
Study on effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on ovarian cancer tissues using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Shuanghui , Wang Huan , Han Yimin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies in women, with over 70% of patients diagnosed at advanced stages (III–IV) due to a lack of early symptoms. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is frequently employed to alleviate systemic symptoms and prepare patients for surgery. However, no objective method currently exists to accurately assess its efficacy. Raman spectroscopy (RS), an analytical technique that detects molecular vibrations, offers a rapid, non-invasive, and cost-effective means of evaluation. This study aims to determine whether RS can serve as a novel approach for assessing the impact of NACT on fresh ovarian tissues. Fresh ovarian tissues were collected from patients treated at our hospital between September 2021 and November 2023; additionally, fresh normal ovarian tissues were obtained from six patients undergoing unrelated surgeries (the control group). The Raman spectra of different groups were analyzed using a partial least squares discriminant analysis model for interpretation. We observed that characteristic peaks at 673 and 1223 cm−1 appeared exclusively in IDS + NACT and normal control tissue maps, while the peak at 758 cm−1 was unique to the primary debulking surgery map. Following NACT, significant reductions in tissue intensity were noted at key characteristic peaks: glycogen at 477 cm−1 (P= 0.028), phenylalanine at 1004 cm−1 (P= 0.039), nucleic acids at 1342 cm−1 (P< 0.001), and lipids at 1446 cm−1 (P < 0.001). Conversely, a significant increase in amide III (α-helix) protein peak intensity was observed (P < 0.001). The results demonstrate that RS can effectively differentiate benign from malignant ovarian tissue characteristics while sensitively revealing microscopic changes in early-stage ovarian cancer before and after NACT. As an innovative method for evaluating NACT efficacy, it provides objective insights into molecular morphology that enhance our understanding of disease progression and treatment outcomes.
Numerical simulation of film instability over a corrugated sheet
Authors: Suzzi Nicola , Croce Giulio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The evolution of a liquid layer flowing down a corrugated sheet driven by gravity, which is the characteristic configuration of structured packing, is numerically analysed via the solution of the governing lubrication equation, which reduces the 3D physical problem to a 2D mathematical problem. Disjoining pressure is used to model contact line dynamics and surface wettability, while full implementation of capillary pressure allows to investigate contact angles up to 60°. The effect of corrugation is introduced via the definition, in the governing lubrication equation, of non-uniform gravity acceleration. Furthermore, the additional capillary force, arising from variations in the solid surface curvature, is also implemented. Different corrugation geometries and flow conditions, the latter being defined by the reference film Capillary number, are investigated, looking for configurations that allow enhancement of the liquid-gas interface area at low liquid flow rate. Such an analysis provides a novel approach in the design of structured packing, widely used in carbon capture via chemical absorption.
Parametric analysis of delivered power during laser ablation for prostate cancer.
Authors: Andreozzi A. , Napoli G. , Vanoli G.P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most recurrent forms of cancer in men, occurring in peripheral zones. Laser ablation is an emerging non-invasive protocol for this disease, offering the possibility to preserve the prostate proper functioning. However, due to shortage of in-vivo experiments, for ethical and practical reasons, it is difficult to properly design the treatment, leading to incomplete tumor destruction and metastasis development, owed to inappropriate exposure time or laser intensity. Consequently, it is of primary importance to develop accurate models to aid and provide guidelines to surgeons, towards a treatment optimization. For these reasons, in this paper an accurate model has been developed and solved through the finite elements commercial software Comsol Multiphysics. A 2D domain, representative of the tumor inside the prostate, has been investigated, using the porous media approach. According to the Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium (LTNE) assumption, the tissue and the blood are treated as two distinct entities having different thermal properties and behavior. The laser source has been described by means of the Beer-Lambert’s law, assuming a Gaussian laser distribution. To find the optimal laser setting to achieve the maximum tumor destruction, the effect of different laser intensity, and bare fiber diameter on temperature field and thermal damage is investigated.
Engineering Design Consideration of Sediment Management Control Approach at Sg Bertam for Ulu Jelai Hydroelectric Scheme
Authors: Hamid Mohamad Amirul Hafiz Abd , Mamat Ahmad Fadhli 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sedimentation is the accumulation form of sand, silt and clay which is transported by water at river area. Sedimentation is a severe issue happening in Cameron Highlands, Pahang due to the agriculture activities especially along Sungai Bertam River. This sedimentation issue will have an impact on the storage capacity of Susu Reservoir, which is located near Cameron Highlands’ Hydro Power Station. 50% of sediment inflow to Susu Reservoir is contributed through Bertam River. Total estimated sedimentation rate in Susu Reservoir is 1,000,000 m3/year (3% of Susu Reservoir total storage). If sediment is not captured at designated sediment trap, it will be transported to Susu Reservoir, and eventually affecting power generation. Sediment removal in open lake is costlier than removal in sediment trapping facility In this study, it is critical to offer a mitigation approach for sediment control, such as the construction of a check dam and sediment disposal area. The engineering design for the check dam will include stability analysis and hydraulic design, as well as geotechnical and access road design. Meanwhile, for the disposal location, it is critical to consider infrastructure and geotechnical design.
Performance-Based Seismic Assessment of School Building Using Fragility Curve and Capacity-Demand Response Spectrum
Authors: Hadi Nurfarhana Diyana Abdul , Anudai Shamilah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study assesses the seismic vulnerability of a two-storey reinforced concrete school building prototype located in Selangor, Malaysia through a Performance-Based Seismic Assessment. The beam-column joints of the school building were designed using Eurocode 8 and equipped with fuse bars. The fuse bars act as passive energy dissipators to enhance the energy dissipation capacity of the beam-column joints. Three super-assemblages, corner beam-column joint, interior beam-column joint, and exterior beam-column joint, were tested under in-plane lateral cyclic loading. The damage states of the beam-column joints were classified based on the ductility ratios of the beam-column joints. Subsequently, fragility curves and capacity demand response spectra for the beam-column joints were plotted to assess the seismic vulnerability and deformation capacity under Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) and Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) conditions. The findings indicate that the corner, interior and exterior beam-column joint experienced extensive damage when it reached ductility 1.56, 2.70 and 1.74 respectively. Moreover, the results show that the designed prototype building can withstand DBE and MCE conditions for Type 1 and Type 2 earthquakes, with a maximum Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) of 0.718g.