bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The new World Health Organization classification of lymphomas: the past, the present and the future
Authors: Chan John K. C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe REAL Classification of lymphomas, proposed in 1994, represents a new paradigm in lymphoma classification, consisting of a list of biologic entities defined by clinicopathologic and immunogenetic features. The non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas comprise precursor lymphoblastic and mature cell neoplasms of B, T or putative natural killer cell lineage. An individual entity can exhibit a range of morphologic appearances and a range of clinical behavior. The categories in Hodgkin's lymphomas are identical to the widely used Rye classification except for the additional of a new category termed ‘lymphocyte‐rich classical Hodgkin's lymphoma’. The REAL classification has been validated by a major multi‐institutional study involving 1378 cases (The Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project), showing that it is both reproducible and clinically relevant. The new World Health Organization classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tumors, to be published in 2001, is a joint project of the Society for Hematopathology and European Association of Hematopathologists, under the auspices of the World Health Organization. This classification includes not only lymphoid neoplasms, but also myeloid, histiocytic and mast cell neoplasms. The lymphoma component of the classification is merely an update of the REAL classification, with minor changes necessitated by new information that has become available since its proposal. A conceptual grouping of the non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas into four categories (indolent, aggressive, highly aggressive, and localized indolent) is also presented in this review. The next major impetus influencing the approach to lymphoma classification will no doubt be molecular genetics, in particular DNA microarrays, which will yield an enormous amount of new data that will aid in the understanding of lymphomas. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The platelet as a peripheral marker in psychiatric illness
Authors: Plein Helein , Berk Michael 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe identification of peripheral markers of psychiatric illness is important if an improvement in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases with overlapping symptomatology is desired. There are many disorders that not only have overlapping symptomatology, but also have similar biological disturbances. The functional capability of the neurons involved in the disease processes may be at the crux of the underlying pathology. The platelet intracellular calcium response to neurotransmitter stimulation has previously been used as a peripheral marker of psychiatric illness. This review discusses evidence in support of the extended use of the platelet as a peripheral marker. The use of the platelet intracellular calcium response to neurotransmitter stimulation as a state or trait marker in major depression, the specificity and selectivity of this response, and the possible use of the platelet as a peripheral marker in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, mania and psychotic depression are shown. Finally, a proposed mechanism for the association between certain psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular disease is discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution of oxygen‐18 and deuterium in river waters across the United States
Authors: Kendall Carol , Coplen Tyler B. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractReconstruction of continental palaeoclimate and palaeohydrology is currently hampered by limited information about isotopic patterns in the modern hydrologic cycle. To remedy this situation and to provide baseline data for other isotope hydrology studies, more than 4800, depth‐ and width‐integrated, stream samples from 391 selected sites within the USGS National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) and Hydrologic Benchmark Network (HBN) were analysed for δ18O and δ2H (http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/ofr/ofr00‐160/pdf/ofr00‐160.pdf). Each site was sampled bimonthly or quarterly for 2·5 to 3 years between 1984 and 1987. The ability of this dataset to serve as a proxy for the isotopic composition of modern precipitation in the USA is supported by the excellent agreement between the river dataset and the isotopic compositions of adjacent precipitation monitoring sites, the strong spatial coherence of the distributions of δ18O and δ2H, the good correlations of the isotopic compositions with climatic parameters, and the good agreement between the ‘national’ meteoric water line (MWL) generated from unweighted analyses of samples from the 48 contiguous states of δ2H=8·11δ18O+8·99 (r2=0·98) and the unweighted global MWL of sites from the Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) of δ2H=8·17δ18O+10·35.The national MWL is composed of water samples that arise in diverse local conditions where the local meteoric water lines (LMWLs) usually have much lower slopes. Adjacent sites often have similar LMWLs, allowing the datasets to be combined into regional MWLs. The slopes of regional MWLs probably reflect the humidity of the local air mass, which imparts a distinctive evaporative isotopic signature to rainfall and hence to stream samples. Deuterium excess values range from 6 to 15‰ in the eastern half of the USA, along the northwest coast and on the Colorado Plateau. In the rest of the USA, these values range from −2 to 6‰, with strong spatial correlations with regional aridity. The river samples have successfully integrated the spatial variability in the meteorological cycle and provide the best available dataset on the spatial distributions of δ18O and δ2H values of meteoric waters in the USA. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A look inside ‘black box’ hydrograph separation models: a study at the Hydrohill catchment
Authors: Kendall Carol , McDonnell Jeffrey J. , Gu Weizu 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRunoff sources and dominant flowpaths are still poorly understood in most catchments; consequently, most hydrograph separations are essentially ‘black box’ models where only external information is used. The well‐instrumented 490 m2 Hydrohill artificial grassland catchment located near Nanjing (China) was used to examine internal catchment processes. Since groundwater levels never reach the soil surface at this site, two physically distinct flowpaths can unambiguously be defined: surface and subsurface runoff. This study combines hydrometric, isotopic and geochemical approaches to investigating the relations between the chloride, silica, and oxygen isotopic compositions of subsurface waters and rainfall.During a 120 mm storm over a 24 h period in 1989, 55% of event water input infiltrated and added to soil water storage; the remainder ran off as infiltration‐excess overland flow. Only about 3–5% of the pre‐event water was displaced out of the catchment by in‐storm rainfall. About 80% of the total flow was quickflow, and 10% of the total flow was pre‐event water, mostly derived from saturated flow from deeper soils. Rain water with high δ18O values from the beginning of the storm appeared to be preferentially stored in shallow soils. Groundwater at the end of the storm shows a wide range of isotopic and chemical compositions, primarily reflecting the heterogeneous distribution of the new and mixed pore waters. High chloride and silica concentrations in quickflow runoff derived from event water indicate that these species are not suitable conservative tracers of either water sources or flowpaths in this catchment. Determining the proportion of event water alone does not constrain the possible hydrologic mechanisms sufficiently to distinguish subsurface and surface flowpaths uniquely, even in this highly controlled artificial catchment. We reconcile these findings with a perceptual model of stormflow sources and flowpaths that explicitly accounts for water, isotopic, and chemical mass balance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity in commodity spot prices
Authors: Beck Stacie 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMuth's (1961) rational expectations model of commodity markets implies that inventory carryover creates ARCH processes in prices. The model also indicates that the expected price variance is an explanatory variable in price regressions. Hypotheses were tested on price data of twenty commodities using a variation of Engle et al. (1987) ARCH–M technique. An ARCH process was found in storable and not in non‐storable commodity data, as expected. However, changes in expected price variance have no significant impact on price. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of intestinal and liver fatty acid‐binding proteins in Caco‐2 cells by lipids, hormones and cytokines
Authors: Dubé Nadia , Delvin Edgard , Yotov Wagner , Garofalo Carole , Bendayan Moise , Veerkamp Jacques H. , Levy Emile 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIntestinal and liver fatty acid binding proteins (I‐ and L‐FABP) are thought to play a role in enterocyte fatty acid (FA) trafficking. Their modulation by cell differentiation and various potential effectors was investigated in the human Caco‐2 cell line. With the acquisition of enterocytic features, Caco‐2 cells seeded on plastic progressively increased L‐FABP quantities, whereas I‐FABP was not detectable even very late in the maturation process. On permeable filters that improved differentiation markers (sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, transepithelial resistance), Caco‐2 cells furthered their L‐FABP content and expressed I‐FABP. Western blot analysis showed a significant increase in I‐ and L‐FABP expression following an 8‐hour incubation period with butyric acid, oleic acid, and phosphatidylcholine. However, in all cases, I‐FABP levels were higher than L‐FABP concentrations regardless of the lipid substrates added. Similarly, hydrocortisone and insulin enhanced the cellular content of I‐ and L‐FABP whereas leptin triggered I‐FABP expression only after an 8‐hour incubation. Finally, tumor necrosis factor‐α was more effective in increasing the cytosolic amount of I‐FABP levels. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that I‐FABP expression is limited to fully differentiated Caco‐2 cells and can be more easily regulated than L‐FABP by lipids, hormones, and cytokines. J. Cell. Biochem. 81: 613–620, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ras‐induced colony formation and anchorage‐independent growth inhibited by elevated expression of Purα in NIH3T3 cells
Authors: Barr Sharon M. , Johnson Edward M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractLevels of Purα, a conserved, sequence‐specific single‐stranded DNA and RNA binding protein, fluctuate during the cell cycle, declining at the onset of S‐phase and peaking at mitosis. In early G1 Purα is associated with the hypophosphorylated form of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. Microinjection of purified Purα into NIH3T3 cells arrests the cell cycle at either G1/S or G2/M checkpoints with distinct morphological consequences. Here we ask whether expression of Purα can affect colony formation and anchorage‐independent growth in ras‐transformed NIH3T3 cells. Two to five‐fold elevated levels of Purα in stably‐transfected cell lines retard entry into and progression through S phase in both ras‐transformed and non‐transformed cells. Purα significantly inhibits colony formation by ras‐transformed cells but not by non‐transformed cells. In addition, cells transfected to express Purα formed only about 1/5 the number of large colonies in soft agar as control‐transfected cells, demonstrating a marked inhibition of anchorage‐independent growth by Purα. Biochemical analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic Purα proteins and confocal microscopic analysis of Purα location indicate that access of Purα to the nucleus is controlled by both protein modification and sequence domains within the protein. Analyses of deletion mutants identify Purα domains mediating nuclear exclusion, including several potential destruction motifs and a PEST sequence at aa's 215–231. In the nucleus Purα colocalizes with CDK2 and cyclin A. Purα and cyclin D1, however, do not colocalize in the nucleus. At mitosis Purα is visualized about the condensed chromosomes and in the cytoplasm, where it colocalizes with cyclin B1. The data indicate that the ability of Purα to interact with proteins regulating cell proliferation and transformation is controlled by signals that govern its intracellular localization. J. Cell. Biochem. 81: 621–638, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electromagnetic initiation of transcription at specific DNA sites
Authors: Blank Martin , Goodman Reba 
Published: September 2002

AbstractInitiation of transcription by electromagnetic (EM) fields offers an insight into mechanism. EM field stimulated transcription appears to require specific DNA sequences, and these bases may be sites where EM fields generate large repulsive forces between chains by accelerating electrons that move within DNA. We can estimate the repulsion between chains by assuming that electron affinity is a measure of electron density at each base, and inversely related to the velocity of electrons (and the force). The repulsive force can be compared to the attraction between chains due to H‐bonds. From the difference between repulsion and attraction, we show that sites rich in C and T, as in the specific sequences, would be more likely to come apart in EM fields. These calculations suggest a plausible mechanism for initiation of transcription by EM fields, and provide a rationale for specific sequences to function as EM field response elements. Electron flow could also be a factor in DNA chain melting due to Joule heating. J. Cell. Biochem. 81: 689–692, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Semiempirical implementation of strictly localized geminals for analysis of molecular electronic structure
Authors: Tokmachev A. M. , Tchougréeff A. L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractApproximate electronic trial wave function taken as the antisymmetrized product of strictly localized geminals (APSLG) is implemented for semiempirical analysis of molecular electronic structure of “organic” compounds and for calculations of their heats of formation. This resulted in an O(N)‐scaling method. Using the MINDO/3 form of the semiempirical Hamiltonian with reparameterized βAB values in combination with the APSLG form of the wave function yields the computational procedure BF'98. Calculations on the heats formation and the equilibrium geometries for a wide range of molecules show that the APSLG‐MINDO/3 approach is more favorable than its self‐consistent field‐based counterpart. Also, the APSLG formalism allows to interpret molecular electronic wave function in chemically sensible terms. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 752–764, 2001
Performance characteristics of a transcription‐mediated nucleic acid amplification assay for qualitative detection of hepatitis C virus RNA
Authors: Ross R.S. , Viazov S.O. , Hoffmann S. , Roggendorf M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA by nucleic acid amplification techniques is the method of choice to differentiate between ongoing and past infection, and can be used to monitor the course of HCV infection. In this study, we evaluated the performance characteristics of a newly developed transcription‐mediated amplification (TMA)‐based assay, the VERSANT® HCV RNA qualitative assay, which was designed to qualitatively detect HCV RNA. Samples tested by the TMA assay included 100 HCV antibody negative sera; serial dilutions of an HCV genotype 1a panel; the WHO HCV RNA standard 76/790; an HCV genotyping panel; and 150 clinical specimens, including sera from patients who had received α?interferon (IFN) treatment or liver transplants. TMA test results were compared with the Cobas Amplicor® HCV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The analytical specificity of the HCV?TMA assay was > 98%. No carry‐over contaminations were observed. The assay demonstrated an analytical sensitivity of 100% at 41 HCV RNA copies/mL (genotype 1a panel) and 5 IU/mL (WHO standard), respectively. HCV genotypes and subtypes did not affect the results. Qualitative RNA detection by diagnostic Amplicor® PCR and TMA was in agreement in > 97% of all 150 clinical samples tested. In our study, the TMA‐based assay proved to be a specific and sensitive method for qualitative HCV RNA detection. The test may turn out to be an attractive alternative to already established techniques for HCV?RNA amplification in routine clinical laboratories. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:308–313, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum antioxidant and cholesterol levels in patients with different types of cancer
Authors: Abiaka Clifford , Al‐Awadi Farida , Al‐Sayer Hilal , Gulshan Sima , Behbehani Abdulla , Farghally Medhat , Simbeye Amos 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSerum antioxidant (urate, α‐tocopherol) activity and cholesterol concentration in 142 patients of Indian and Arab (Kuwaitis and other Arabs) origin with different types of cancer (breast, colon, stomach, thyroid, oral, rectal, pancreatic, and renal) were compared to 100 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects. Values were expressed as medians (interquartile range). Urate concentration was significantly decreased in male patients compared to male controls (P < 0.0001) and in female patients and female breast cancer cases compared to female controls; P < 0.0001 and P = 0.001, respectively. α‐Tocopherol concentration decreased significantly in total cancer, stomach, colon, rectal, and breast cancer cases than the controls; P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P = 0.012, and P = 0.022, respectively. Cholesterol concentration decreased significantly in stomach, oral, colon, and total cancer cases compared to the controls; P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P = 0.002, and P = 0.012, respectively. Among controls, females had significantly (P < 0.0001) lower concentrations of α‐tocopherol than males. Among patients, cholesterol, urate, and α‐tocopherol concentrations decreased significantly in smokers than in nonsmokers; P < 0.0001, P = 0.004, and P = 0.047, respectively. Generally, changes in α‐tocopherol/cholesterol ratios mimicked changes in α‐tocopherol concentration. Concentrations of all parameters decreased significantly in male patients compared to male controls. Age was positively associated with all three analytes with respect to the controls. α‐Tocopherol correlated with cholesterol in cancer patients (r = 0.367; P < 0.0001) and with urate in the controls (r = 0.342; P < 0.0001). The data suggest cancer‐related diminished synthesis of cholesterol and, generally, a greater antioxidant burden for α‐tocopherol than urate in cancer‐generated oxidative stress. The increased incidence of pancreatic cancer in Kuwaitis warrants further study. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:324–330, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HLA‐antibody testing: The immune phagocytosis inhibition test is superior to the PRA‐STAT and NIH lymphocytotoxic test with respect to specificity
Authors: Flesch Brigitte K. , Philipp Miriam , Cassens Uwe , Neppert Jürgen 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe compared the specificity and sensitivity of four different methods for the detection of antibodies specific for HLA antigens. The NIH version of the complement‐dependent cytotoxic test (CDC) was used as the gold standard to which we compared two Fcγ receptor (FcγR)‐dependent immune phagocytosis inhibition tests (IPI) and one commercial enzyme‐labelled immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with soluble HLA class I‐antigen preparations bound to the plate (PRA‐STAT). Both IPI tests are based on the fact that HLA‐antibodies specifically bind to antigens on the monocyte surface via their Fab portion, and in so doing block a neighbouring FcγR with their Fc region. This blockade prevents phagocytosis of IgG‐coated red blood cells (RBCs), which can be measured either microscopically (IPIm) or photometrically (IPIp). The four assays were used in blind tests on 20 human alloantisera or monoclonal antibodies with known HLA‐antigen reactivities. Additionally, two monoclonal antibodies and one human serum were titrated to elucidate the sensitivity of each test. After all tests were completed, the identities of the samples were disclosed. Both IPI methods detected and identified all clinically relevant HLA class I and class II specific antibodies. In contrast, the CDC was not able to detect noncytotoxic HLA‐antibodies and HLA class II specific antibodies; however, it detected clinically insignificant IgM lymphocytotoxins. The PRA‐STAT assay enabled identification of all cytotoxic and noncytotoxic IgG antibodies with specificity for HLA‐class I antigens. With respect to sensitivity, the CDC and the IPI methods were superior to the PRA‐STAT. These facts demonstrate the advantage of IPI methods in the detection of clinically relevant HLA‐antibodies. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:334–341, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Family and community characteristics: Risk factors for violence exposure in inner‐city youth
Authors: Sheidow Ashli J. , Gorman‐Smith Deborah , Tolan Patrick H. , Henry David B. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAlthough research has found that urban youth experience excessive levels of community violence, few studies have focused on the factors that alter the risk of exposure to violence. The current study investigates the relation between neighborhood and violence exposure and between family functioning and risk for exposure to violence in different types of poor, urban neighborhoods. Participants were 249 inner‐city African American and Latino males ages 13–17 and their primary caregivers who participated in the Chicago Youth Development Study. The interaction between family functioning and neighborhood type accounted for increased exposure to violence. The greatest increases occurred among struggling families residing in inner‐city neighborhoods with high levels of social organization. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Zeolite synthesis from coal fly ash for the removal of lead ions from aqueous solution
Authors: Scott Jason , Guang Deyan , Naeramitmarnsuk Kornrat , Thabuot Mallika , Amal Rose 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFly ash samples from the Bayswater and Eraring power plants, located in New South Wales, Australia, were used in a preliminary study on zeolite synthesis by hydrothermal treatment with sodium hydroxide under various conditions. The treated fly ash was tested for the ability to remove lead ions from aqueous solution. Both fly ashes were partially converted to zeolite. The zeolites formed under the experimental conditions were zeolite Na‐P1 and sodalite octahydrate for the Bayswater ash and phillipsite, zeolite X, zeolite Na‐P1 and sodalite octahydrate for the Eraring ash. The type of zeolite formed was dependent on the treatment time and sodium hydroxide concentration. In the case of the Bayswater ash, zeolite Na‐P1 was formed by treatment with 4 mol dm−3 NaOH for 48 h while treatment with 5 mol dm−3 NaOH for 96 h produced sodalite octahydrate at the expense of zeolite Na‐P1. In the case of the Eraring ash, phillipsite was formed following treatment with 3 mol dm−3 NaOH, zeolite X and zeolite Na‐P1 were formed following treatment with 4 mol dm−3 NaOH and sodalite octahydrate was formed following treatment with 5 mol dm−3 NaOH. A maximum cation exchange capacity of ∼400 meq/100 g was achieved by both treated ash samples. Treatment of a solution with a lead ion concentration of 120 ppm using 0.5 g of both treated ash samples (S/L ratio = 0.25 g/100 cm3) achieved complete removal in 5 min, whereas treatment with 0.1 g of each material (S/L ratio = 0.05 g/100 cm3) achieved complete lead ion removal after 24 h.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry