bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intellectual Assets as an Object of International Standardization
Authors: Fokin G. V. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose. To draw attention to the need for international standardization of intellectual assets to promote cross-border technological cooperation.Results. A review of the proposed tool for standardization of intellectual assets — the draft international standard of BRICS IP-Actives business practices IPM.2.001–2024 BRICS IPM.2.002–2024 ‘BRICS Innovation Entrepreneurship and Development. BRICS IP-Actives Business Practices Standards. Evidentiary recognition of intellectual property rights in the BRICS, EAEU, Russian Federation, SCO markets’. It is shown which international structures, on the basis of which approaches and through which procedures can carry out international standardization of intellectual assets.Conclusions. The necessity of wide discussion and adoption of the mentioned Standard in order to develop the international market of technologies, authorship and applicability of which are confirmed by the right confirming documents is proved.
Penerapan Algoritma Maksimum Minimum Dalam Mencari Aliran Maksimum Jaringan Listrik
Authors: Susilowati Eka 
Published: January 2025

Kestabilan jaringan listrik yang ada di masyarakat sangat dibutuhkan. Jaringan listrik yang tidak stabil menyebabkan aktivitas perekonomian di masyarakat terganggu terutama di bidang industry. Ada banyak algoritma yang dapat digunakan untuk menghitung jaringan aliran maksimum, diantaranya algoritma Edmunds Karp dan algoritma Ford Fulkerson. Namun, dalam perhitungan algoritma tersebut, hanya dihitung berapa jumlah aliran maksimum jaringan listrik tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan algorima lain yaitu algoritma maksimum minimum yang mencari rute aliran maksimumnya seperti apa dengan menggunakan bantuan software Matlab. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah permasalahan jaringan yang ada pada penelitian Rahma dimana dalam penelitian tersebut menggunakan algoritma Ford Fulkerson . Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah rute jaringan aliran maksimum lintasan maksimum jaringan listrik yang terbentuk adalah (S,A), (A,F), (F,T) atau (S,A), (A,E), (E,H), (H,K), (K,T).
Inovasi Pengolahan Singkong: Stik Singkong untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan Masyarakat Desa Kedungdadi
Authors: Galahartlambang Yanuangga , Mutammam Musthofa2 Muhammad , Fitriyah Dewi Rohmatul , Sentauri Cahyaningrum Fibia , Ghoffar Abdul 
Published: January 2025

Program pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomi produk singkong di Desa Kedungdadi, Kecamatan Sugio, Kabupaten Lamongan, melalui pengolahan singkong menjadi stik singkong. Metode yang digunakan adalah partisipatif aktif dengan melibatkan anggota karang taruna dan kader desa sebagai peserta. Kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi sosialisasi dan pelatihan, pendampingan, dan evaluasi. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan peserta dalam proses pembuatan stik singkong, inovasi rasa, teknik pengemasan, dan strategi pemasaran. Program ini juga berhasil memfasilitasi pembentukan kelompok usaha stik singkong yang beranggotakan peserta pengabdian. Dampak dari program ini adalah meningkatnya nilai jual singkong, terbukanya peluang usaha baru, dan meningkatnya pendapatan masyarakat. Program ini diharapkan dapat berkelanjutan dan memberikan kontribusi yang lebih besar dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa Kedungdadi
Evaluation of a new human immunodeficiency virus antigen and antibody test using light-initiated chemiluminescent assay
Authors: Li Yijun , Jin Fangfang , Li Yunhui , Li Yan , Wang Yajie , Yang Ximing 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesThe goal of this study is to evaluate the analytical and clinical performance of a new human immunodeficiency virus antigen and antibody (HIV Ag/Ab) test using light-initiated chemiluminescent assay (LiCA®) and compare it with the well-established Architect® HIV Ag/Ab combo assay in a clinical setting.MethodsWe used banked samples and national reference controls to identify the ability to detect HIV Ag/Ab and different viral subtypes. Thirteen seroconversion panels were tested to evaluate early detection of HIV. A total of 21,042 patient samples were collected to compare the diagnostic performance of LiCA® with Architect®. Screening-reactive results were confirmed by Western blotting and nucleic acid testing.ResultsTotal imprecision was within 2.49%–6.56%. The C5–C95 interval was within −10.20%–7.67% away from C50. The limit of detection for p24 antigen was &lt;1.00 IU/mL. Using national reference panels and banked sample pools, LiCA® successfully detected all negative and positive controls in line with the criteria, and all HIV-positive specimens containing different viral subtypes. In 13 seroconversion panels, LiCA® detected reactive results on average 5.73 days (95% CI: 3.42–8.04) after the initial RNA test results were confirmed positive, which was 1.27 days earlier (−3.75 to 1.21) compared to Architect®. Paired comparisons in 21,042 clinical patient samples demonstrated that LiCA® detected HIV Ag/Ab with a slightly better performance in sensitivity (100.00% vs. 99.65%), specificity (99.85% vs. 99.81%), negative predictive value (NPV, 100.00% vs. 99.99%), and positive predictive value (PPV, 89.84% vs. 87.85%) than Architect®. Total agreement between two assays was 99.67% with a kappa value of 0.89.ConclusionLiCA® HIV Ag/Ab is a precise and highly sensitive assay for measuring HIV-1 p24 antigen and HIV-1/2 antibodies with differentiated S/Co values of Ag/Ab. The assay is appropriate for use in the clinical routine test for the early detection of HIV.
START—the Swiss tele-assisted rehabilitation and training program to support transition from inpatient to outpatient care in the subacute phase after a stroke: feasibility, safety and performance evaluation
Authors: Gäumann Szabina , Ziller Carina , Paulissen Nele , Behrendt Frank , Suica Zorica , Crüts Björn , Gammerschlag Luana , Parmar Katrin , Gerth Hans Ulrich , Bonati Leo H. , Schuster-Amft Corina 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionEffective rehabilitation is essential to prevent physical and cognitive decline, but many stroke patients face challenges to maintain rehabilitation efforts after hospital discharge. Telerehabilitation, delivered via digital platforms, represents a promising approach for intensive continuation of stroke rehabilitation after discharge. The Swiss tele-assisted rehabilitation and training program (START), delivered through the Blended Clinic mobile application, seeks to support patients to start during inpatient rehabilitation, continue during the transition to the home environment, continue until outpatient rehabilitation starts and beyond. The study aims to evaluate feasibility, safety and performance of the START program on the Blended Clinic platform during inpatient, transition, and outpatient rehabilitation with patients in the early and late subacute phase after a stroke. Furthermore, patients' functional status, mobility and activity level, and health-related quality of life are monitored.MethodsThis single-center feasibility trial with three measurement sessions will include 40 patients, who will be introduced to START during their inpatient rehabilitation. Patients will continue for 12 weeks post-discharge. For the feasibility assessment, process-, training- and mHealth-related parameter will be evaluated, which include recruitment rate, process-evaluation, safety, adherence, drop-out rate, stability and maintenance of the system, usability, quality, satisfaction, user and program experience, and perceived change. Secondary outcomes will focus on motor function, mobility, quality of life, activity level, heart rate, blood pressure, and performance-based measures.DiscussionThe study's strengths include its foundation in previous usability analyses, which informed refinements to the START program. The study's design is based on the ISO 14155 standard, ensuring high standards for medical device research and supporting the future certification of the START program on the Blended Clinic platform. Potential challenges include patient self-reporting via the mobile application and barriers related to technology use among older adults and older mobile devices. Additionally, the availability of coaching is limited to business hours, which may affect adherence. Despite these challenges, the study's findings will provide insights into the feasibility of mobile-based telerehabilitation and guide the design of a future randomized controlled trial.
Clinical Trial RegistrationThe study is registered with the Swiss National Clinical Trial Portal (SNCTP000005943), EUDAMED (CIV-CH-24-05-046954), and clinicaltrils.gov (NCT06449612).
Risk of diabetic ketoacidosis caused by sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Liu Ying , Yang Shiwen , Jiang Aidou , Zou Dan , Chen Zhaoyang , Su Na 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThe benefits of sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have been demonstrated, but the occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) limits their use. The risk of DKA associated with different doses of SGLT2 inhibitous in the treatment of T1DM is unknown. We conducted a network meta-analysis to evaluate the incidence of DKA at different doses in the treatment of T1DM.MethodsWe searched electronic databases and clinical trial registries, including PubMed, Embase (Ovid SP), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Ovid SP), and ClinicalTrials.gov, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with T1DM from inception to December 2023. Literature screening, quality assessment and data extraction were carried out independently by 2 researchers based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and statistical analysis was performed using Stata 15.1 software and R 4.1.3.ResultsNineteen clinical studies and one clinical trial were ultimately included. The study involved five different SGLT2 inhibitors. The incidence of DKA in dapagliflozin 5 mg (OR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.04 to 6.33; P&lt;0.00001), empagliflozin 10 mg (OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.11 to 6.49; P&lt;0.00001), sogliflozin 200mg (OR: 4.04, 95% CI: 1.15 to14.18; P&lt;0.00001) and sogliflozin 400mg (OR: 5.96, 95% CI: 2.06 to17.20; P&lt;0.00001) were higher than for the placebo. According to the P scores, SGLT2 inhibitors triggered a lower incidence of DKA than did the placebo. Treatment with 300 mg canagliflozin had the lowest incidence of DKA (P score = 0.8563).ConclusionAccording to our study, 5 mg dapagliflozin,10 mg empagliflozin 200mg sogliflozin and 400mg sogliflozin resulted in DKA when adjunctive insulin was used to treat T1DM. Other SGLT2 inhibitors seem to be safe. However, SGLT2 inhibitors for treating T1DM are off label in China, and adverse reactions should be closely monitored during administration.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#loginpage, identifier CRD42023416227.
Association between the body roundness index and female infertility: a cross-sectional study from NHANES
Authors: Liu Ming , Zhang Yifang , Liu Jian 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundInfertility is strongly associated with obesity. The body roundness index (BRI) is a more accurate assessment of visceral fat content than the body mass index (BMI). However, current evidence on the association between visceral fat accumulation and infertility remains insufficient and controversial. Therefore, we utilized the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database to explore the correlation between BRI and infertility.MethodsWe used multiple logistic regression, smoothed curve fitting, subgroup analyses, and interaction tests to investigate the potential association between BRI and infertility. Additionally, we assessed the ability of BRI and BMI to predict infertility risk using receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis and calculate the area under the curve (AUC),sensitivity, and specificity.ResultsIn the study, 1463 women aged 20 to 45 participated, and 172 of them were found to be infertile. After adjusting for all factors except body measurements, the findings indicated that for each one-unit increase in BRI, there was a 19% increase in the risk of infertility (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.05, 1.34). The analysis also revealed a positive nonlinear relationship between BRI and infertility. Furthermore, based on the ROC curves, it was observed that BRI was a more reliable predictor of infertility risk compared to BMI (BRI AUC = 0.5773, BMI AUC = 0.5681).ConclusionThis study demonstrated a positive association between higher BRI values and infertility among adult women in the United States and showed a stronger association than BMI.
CD94-driven in vitro expansion of highly functional adaptive NKG2C+ NKG2A- CD57+ NK cells from CMV+ healthy donors
Authors: Giordano Chiara , Carlomagno Simona , Falco Michela , Cantoni Claudia , Vitale Massimo , Caruana Ignazio , Dirks Johannes , Serio Alberto , Muccio Letizia , Bartalucci Giulia , Bo Alessandra , Locatelli Franco , Bottino Cristina , Sivori Simona , Della Chiesa Mariella 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundAdaptive human natural killer (NK) cells are an NK cell subpopulation arising upon cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. They are characterized by CD94/NKG2C expression, a mature CD57+KIR+NKG2A– phenotype, a prolonged lifespan, and remarkable antitumor functions. In light of these features, adaptive NK cells represent suitable candidate to design next-generation therapies, based on their enhanced effector function which could be further boosted by Chimeric Antigen Receptors-engineering, or the combination with cell engagers. For therapeutic approaches, however, it is key to generate large numbers of functional cells.PurposeWe developed a method to efficiently expand adaptive NK cells from NK-enriched cell preparations derived from the peripheral blood of selected CMV-seropositive healthy donors. The method is based on the use of an anti-CD94 monoclonal antibody (mAb) combined with IL-2 or IL-15.ResultsBy setting this method we were able to expand high numbers of NK cells showing the typical adaptive phenotype, CD94/NKG2C+ CD94/NKG2A- CD57+, and expressing a single self-inhibitory KIR. Expanded cells maintained the CMV-induced molecular signature, exhibited high ADCC capabilities and degranulation against a HLA-E+ target. Importantly, mAb-expanded adaptive NK cells did not upregulate PD-1 or other regulatory immune checkpoints that could dampen their function.ConclusionsBy this study we provide hints to improve previous expansion methods, by eliminating the use of genetically modified cells as stimulators, and obtaining effectors not expressing unwanted inhibitory receptors. This new protocol for expanding functional adaptive NK cells is safe, cost-effective and easily implementable in a GMP context, suitable for innovative immunotherapeutic purposes.
Identification and validation of diagnostic genes IFI44 and IRF9 in insomnia-associated autoimmune uveitis
Authors: Wu Chao , Feng Hui , Tian Meng , Chu Baorui , Liu Xianyang , Zeng Shuhao , Wang Yakun , Wang Hong , Hou Shengping , Liang Qingfeng 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveInsomnia is increasingly recognized as a significant factor in the development of various autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune uveitis (AU). We investigated insomnia-associated genes that may contribute to AU pathogenesis and sought to identify potential biomarkers for insomnia-associated AU.MethodsMicroarray data related to insomnia and AU were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed. The GEO2R tool was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were common between insomnia and AU. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), protein-protein interaction (PPI), functional enrichment, and CMap analyses were then performed to identify pathogenic genes, underlying mechanisms, and potential therapeutic drugs for insomnia-associated AU. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was employed to screen for candidate biomarkers, and their diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Finally, molecular docking was applied to verify binding activities.ResultsWe identified 138 up-regulated and 85 down-regulated DEGs that were common to insomnia and AU. PPI network analysis highlighted 10 key genes, CMap analysis identified 30 compounds, and WGCNA revealed 54 key genes and 30 compounds. Intersection of the above-mentioned key genes and compounds identified six genes and five compounds. After verification by qPCR and ROC curve analysis, IFI44 and IRF9 were confirmed as hub genes. Finally, two compounds were selected based on docking scores of less than −7 kcal/mol.ConclusionOur study demonstrated involvement of the viral response in both insomnia and AU and identified the diagnostic significance of IFI44 and IRF9 in these conditions. These findings provide novel insights for future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to treat insomnia-associated AU.
Discontinuation of immune checkpoint inhibitors for reasons other than disease progression and the impact on relapse and survival of advanced melanoma patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lallas Konstantinos , Chatziioannou Eftychia , Durak Derya , Frey Georg , Serna-Higuita Lina Maria , Rasch Marie-Lena , Kyrgidis Athanassios , Timotheadou Eleni , Apalla Zoe , Leiter Ulrike , Flatz Lukas , Lallas Aimilios , Amaral Teresa 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundDespite durable responses achieved with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs), data about optimal duration of treatment, especially in the context of adverse events, remain scarce.ObjectiveTo systematically review the evidence concerning the impact of treatment discontinuation with ICIs for reasons other than progressive disease (PD) on relapse rates and survival of melanoma patients.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in three electronic databases until July 2024. Studies referring to melanoma patients who ceased ICIs electively (i.e. due to complete response (CR), protocol completion or patient/physician’s wish) or due to treatment-limiting toxicities (TLTs) were selected. Relapse rates (RRs) post cessation, time to PD, rechallenge and disease control rate (DCR) after 2nd course were the main outcomes. Random-effects models were preferred, and subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to investigate possible sources of heterogeneity.Results38 and 35 studies were included in qualitative and quantitative synthesis, respectively. From 2542 patients discontinued treatment with ICIs electively or due to TLTs, 495 experienced progression [number of studies (n)=34, RR 20.9%, 95%CI 17.1 – 24.7%, I2 85%) and higher rates were detected in patients with TLTs compared to elective discontinuation. Mean time to PD was 14.26 months (n=18, mean time 14.26, 95%CI 11.54 – 16.98, I2 93%) and was numerically higher in patients who ceased for CR compared to patients with TLTs. Treatment duration before cessation was not associated with risk and time to relapse, while mucosal melanomas and non-CR as BOR during treatment led to increased risk for relapse and shorter time to PD compared to other histologic subtypes or CR. Rechallenge with ICI resulted in 57.3% DCR and 28.6% pooled CR rates (n=22, CR rate 28.6%, 95%CI 17.1 – 40.2, I2 68%). Heterogeneity among studies was high, but subgroup analysis based on type of ICI used (anti-CTL4 and anti-PD1 inhibitor or anti-PD1 monotherapy) and type of study (RCTs or observational studies), along with sensitivity analyses did not reveal significant alterations in results.ConclusionDiscontinuation of ICIs in patients without progression is possible. Outcomes to rechallenge with ICIs may differ depending on the reason for discontinuation, but remains a considerable option.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024547792.
The clinical significance of T cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression in central nervous system germ cell tumors
Authors: Zhou Jiajun , An Wenhao , Guan Lei , Shi Jinyu , Qin Qiaozhen , Zhong Shuai , Huang Zheng , Liu Rui , Wu Chenxing , Ma Zhong , Qi Xueling , Jiang Xiaoxia , Wang Yan , Li Shouwei 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundPrimary central nervous system germ cell tumors (CNS GCTs) are rare intracranial malignancies, and their tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in tumor initiation and progression. However, the specific characteristics of the immune microenvironment and their clinical significance remain poorly understood.MethodsThis study included 93 paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 90 patients diagnosed with CNS GCTs. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were used to assess the infiltration patterns of T cell subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, Foxp3+) and the expression levels of immune checkpoints (CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1). Additionally, the study explored the relationship between these immune features and the patient’s clinical characteristics and prognosis.ResultsThe study revealed that germinomas exhibited significantly higher infiltration of CD4+ and Foxp3+ T cells compared to non-germinomatous GCTs (NGGCTs). Additionally, CTLA-4 expression was detected in 58.06% of cases, while PD-1 and PD-L1 were expressed in over 90%, with higher CTLA-4 levels in germinomas and elevated PD-L1 levels in NGGCTs. T cell infiltration was positively correlated with immune checkpoint expression, particularly in germinomas. The results also highlighted the strong immunosuppressive nature of the CNS GCTs’ tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, T cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression were closely associated with clinical characteristics and prognosis. Notably, PD-1 expression was identified as an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival (PFS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS).ConclusionOur study highlighted the distinct characteristics of T cell infiltration and the significant expression of immune checkpoints in CNS GCTs, revealing the highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment. PD-1 expression was identified as an independent prognostic predictor, offering a foundation for enhancing risk stratification in CNS GCT patients. These findings also support the potential for future clinical applications of immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-1 monoclonal antibodies.