bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid flow and the Heart Mountain fault: a stable isotopic, fluid inclusion, and geochronologic study
Authors: Douglas T. A. , Chamberlain C. P. , Poage M. A. , Abruzzese M. , Shultz S. , Henneberry J. , Layer P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNumerous studies have proposed that movement along the 3400‐km2 low‐angle (<3°) Heart Mountain detachment fault of north‐western Wyoming and south‐western Montana was facilitated by the presence of lubricating fluids. A recent stable isotope study suggested that the fluids along the Heart Mountain fault originated from large hydrothermal systems associated with Eocene intrusive centers. Herein, we present results from a combined stable isotope, fluid inclusion, and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology study of the relationship between shallow crustal fluids from Eocene intrusive centers in the New World Mining district and fluids associated with the Heart Mountain fault. Our results suggest that: (i) Eocene intrusive bodies within the New World Mining District focused hydrothermal fluids along specific units and structures from the ore deposit centers along the Heart Mountain fault detachment surface; (ii) hydrothermal waters were focused along the Heart Mountain fault from the breakaway region near Silvergate, Montana toward Heart Mountain in Cody, Wyoming; and (iii) hydrothermal activity along the Heart Mountain fault occurred at the same time as emplacement of the Eocene intrusives, between 50.1 and 48.1 Ma. These data, taken together, suggest that the hydrothermal activity generated by intrusion of Eocene rhyodacites and dacites provided the source of fluids found along the Heart Mountain fault plane.
Rapid, inexpensive, actionable concept generation and optimization: the use and promise of self‐authoring conjoint analysis for the food service industry
Authors: Moskowitz, Howard R. , Gofman, Alex , Itty, Barbara , Katz, Rachel , Manchaiah Mahdu , Ma Zhenyu 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper presents the background thinking, needs identification, technology, and user issues that have led to the creation of a self‐authoring system for conjoint measurement appropriate to the food service industry. Self‐authoring systems allow the user to create the study, deploy it on the Internet, and collect the data, without the help of a professional researcher or programming expert. The technology uses conjoint measurement, and is embodied in an Internet ASP system (application service provider) called IdeaMap®.Net. The technology empowers the user to do conjoint analysis studies rapidly and cost‐effectively, and to solicit new ideas from the same respondents who participate. This paper demonstrates IdeaMap®.Net for food service issues, but the applications transcend particular issues and problems, finding applicability in a broad range of topics.
Handling money and serving ready‐to‐eat food
Authors: Michaels Barry 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHandling money and ready‐to‐eat food with the same gloved hands or without hygiene intervention between these activities can introduce the risk of cross‐contamination to foods provided in food service establishments. Accumulated data obtained over the last 20 years on the microbial status and survival of pathogens on coins and currency notes indicates that this could represent a potential cause of sporadic cases of food borne illness. Survival of various microorganisms of concern on money is such that it could serve as a vehicle for transmission of disease and represents an often overlooked enteric disease reservoir. With low infectious doses capable of causing illness noted for a number of different infectious intestinal diseases, failure to adequately sanitize hands, or use food handling tools (tongs, spoons, utensils or bakery/serving papers) between handling money and serving food, could put patrons at risk.
Hygiene issues associated with food service potholders and oven mitts
Authors: Michaels Barry , Ayers Troy , Birbari Wafa 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFood service kitchen oven mitts and potholders are indispensable forms of personal protective equipment (PPE). As mitts and potholders are often contaminated with both raw and cooked food soils that support microbial survival and growth, it has been suggested that they present a possible risk to food safety. To ascertain the extent to which these items might contribute to cross‐contamination, 10 dirty oven mitts and 3 dirty potholders obtained from a variety of establishments in the US were surveyed for microbial populations. Aerobic plate counts (APC) as high as 7 × 106 colony forming units (CFU) were found on outer surfaces. Potholders taken from a hospital kitchen were found to have approximately 106 CFU coliforms and B. cereus. Overall, samples examined were seen to have high coliform, B. cereus, and Pseudomonas spp. counts with occasional C. perfringens found. Interior surfaces of mitts, while lower than exterior (geometric mean APC 1.2 × 105 versus 6.0 × 104), were also found to be contaminated with S. aureus. While no E. coli, Listeria spp. or Salmonella spp. were found, indications are that food service PPE offering thermal protection can become contaminated and may, in turn, contaminate hands and food, unless frequently cleaned or sanitized.
The effect of short fire cycles on the cover and density of understorey sprouting species in South African mountain fynbos
Authors: Vlok J. H. J. , Yeaton R. I. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. Two South African mountain fynbos sites were studied to determine the effect of short fire cycles on the cover and density of understorey sprouting species and their subsequent effect on plant‐species richness. Frequent fires (4–6 years between burns) increased the cover of sprouting species by 32% when compared to an adjacent site where the penultimate fire was 28 years previously. There was little or no effect of fire frequency on the densities of understorey sprouters; however, individuals were larger at sites with short fire cycles. The response of individual species of sprouters was variable with one species, Hypodiscus striatus, showing no response to fire frequency. The impact of sprouting species on the species richness of the plant community was great. The mean number of species recorded in quadrats with a high cover of sprouters was 60% lower in comparison to quadrats with low covers or under the burned skeletons of overstorey proteas. The effect of sprouters was consistent for all functional groups of species (i.e. sprouters, non‐sprouters, short‐lived and long‐lived species), in each case reducing the number of species present.
Effects of physical disturbance and granivory on establishment of native and alien riparian trees in Colorado, U.S.A.
Authors: Katz Gabrielle L. , Friedman Jonathan M. , Beatty Susan W. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract.In western North America, the alien Elaeagnus angustifolia L. invades riparian habitats usually dominated by pioneer woody species such as Populus deltoides Marshall ssp. monilifera (Aiton) Eckenwalder. We conducted manipulative field experiments to compare the importance of physical disturbance and granivory for seedling establishment of these two species. We planted seeds of both species in disturbed and undisturbed study plots, and used exclosures, seed dish trials and live‐trapping to assess the role of granivory. Seedling establishment of both species was increased by physical disturbance and seeds of both species were subject to granivory. However, the relative importance of these two factors differed between species. For P. deltoides, lack of physical disturbance prevented seedling establishment in uncleared subplots, but granivory did not prevent seedling establishment outside of exclosures. For E. angustifolia, granivory prevented seedling establishment outside of exclosures, but lack of physical disturbance did not prevent establishment in uncleared subplots. The lesser dependence on disturbance may enable E. angustifolia to invade areas characterized by low levels of fluvial disturbance, such as floodplains along regulated rivers, where P. deltoides recruitment does not occur. Populations of granivorous rodents may affect the susceptibility of riparian ecosystems to invasion by E. angustifolia.
Aerial colonization of high Arctic islands by invertebrates: the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) as a potential indicator species
Authors: Coulson S. J. , Hodkinson I. D. , Webb N. R. , Mikkola K. , Harrison J. A. , Pedgley D. E. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. The restricted animal communities of the high Arctic islands are due, in part, to extreme geographical isolation. Migration via wind currents is one mechanism by which invasion of new species may occur. Here, we describe immigration of the non‐resident migratory moth, Plutella xylostella, into Svalbard during 2000. This was associated with a warm south‐easterly air mass that crossed from W. Russia: moths appear to have covered the 800 km to Svalbard in under 48 h, flying at an altitude between 500 and 1500 m. These events thus provide a case study for wind‐dispersed movements of invertebrates to high Arctic regions. Climate change scenarios predict increased frequency of such air masses and also of the warm dry weather associated with increased aerial insect transport. The general factors determining successful colonization of the high Arctic by wind‐dispersed animals are discussed, using P. xylostella as a model species whose important life history and physiological attributes are well known.
Nimesulide and diclofenac inhibit lipopolysaccharide‐induced hypothermia and tumour necrosis factor‐α elevation in rats†
Authors: Devrim Dogan Muberra , Ataoglu Haluk , Akarsu Eyup S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe effects of nimesulide and diclofenac on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced rectal temperature changes and serum tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α elevation were investigated in rats. LPS (Escherichia coli O111:B4; 50 µg/kg, intraperitoneally) produces a dual body temperature response, in which initial hypothermia precedes fever. Serum TNF‐α levels rise during the initial phase of the induced hypothermia. Nimesulide, a preferential inhibitor of cyclooxygenase‐2 (0.05, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg, subcutaneously) completely abolished the hypothermia, resulting in an acceleration of the fever phase. However, the peak and plateau phases of fever were not changed by nimesulide treatment. Nimesulide (0.5 mg/kg) partially prevented serum TNF‐α elevation. The non‐selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor diclofenac inhibited hypothermia at all doses tested (0.03, 0.3 or 3 mg/kg, subcutaneously) although fever was completely abolished at the 3 mg/kg dose only. Diclofenac also partially abolished the elevation in serum TNF‐α levels, but at the highest dose only (3 mg/kg). These data suggest that nimesulide and diclofenac can preferentially inhibit LPS‐induced hypothermia at doses that do not abolish fever in rats. Both these drugs also reduced elevated TNF‐α levels, a fact which may, at least partly, explain the antihypothermic effect of nimesulide.
Pharmacogenetics of the major polymorphic metabolizing enzymes
Authors: Daly A. K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThere is increasing information available on the existence of polymorphisms in genes encoding xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and the functional significance of many of these. In addition to genes long recognized as being polymorphic, such as CYP2D6, CYP2C19 and CYP2C9, there is now information available on the existence of polymorphisms in other cytochrome P450 genes such as CYP2A6, CYP2B6 and CYP2C8. With respect to phase II metabolism, polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTT1, NAT2 and TPMT are well understood but information is also emerging on other GST polymorphisms and on polymorphisms in the UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases and sulfotransferases. The availability of comprehensive information on the occurrence and functional significance of polymorphisms affecting drug metabolism should facilitate their application to pharmacogenomic profiling.
Excessive daytime sleepiness and ‘sleep attacks’ induced by entacapone
Authors: Bareš Martin , Kaňovský Petr , Rektor Ivan 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThree patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, all of whom developed excessive daytime sleepiness and ‘sleep attacks’ after the administration of entacapone, are described. This is another demonstration that inappropriate daytime sleep episodes are not exclusive to dopamine agonists.
Sympatho‐inhibitory actions of irbesartan in pithed spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar–Kyoto rats
Authors: Balt Jippe C. , Mathy Marie‐Jeanne , Pfaffendorf Martin , van Zwieten Pieter A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAngiotensin II (Ang II) can enhance sympathetic neurotransmission by acting on (AT1) receptors that are located on sympathetic nerve terminals. We investigated presynaptic blockade by the selective AT1‐receptor antagonist irbesartan in pithed spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY). We compared the presynaptic inhibitory dose with that required for the blockade of AT1‐receptors on vascular smooth muscle in both strains.To investigate blockade of presynaptic AT1‐receptors, we studied the effect of irbesartan on the sequelae of electric stimulation of the thoraco‐lumbar sympathetic outflow (0.25–8 Hz). To study the interaction between postsynaptic AT1‐blockers and α‐adrenoceptors, the effects of irbesartan on pressor responses to exogenous noradrenaline (NA) were established. Additionally, we studied the effect of irbesartan on dose–response curves for the vasocontriction induced by exogenous Ang II.Pressor responses to electrical stimulation of thoracolumbar sympathetic neurones, to exogenous Ang II, as well as to (NA) were enhanced in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared with WKY.The stimulation‐induced rise in DBP could be dose‐dependently reduced by irbesartan (0.3–10 mg/kg) in both SHR and WKY. The pIC50 values (doses which suppress the rise in DBP by 50% compared with control) were 5.60 ± 0.09 and 5.72 ± 0.08 for SHR and WKY, respectively (P > 0.05). In SHR, no effect of irbesartan (3 mg/kg) on pressor responses to exogenous NA was observed. In contrast, in WKY, irbesartan (3 mg/kg) caused a rightward shift of the dose–response curve to exogenous NA.Irbesartan (0.3–3 mg/kg) caused a depression of Emax values and a rightward shift of the dose–response curves to exogenous Ang II in a similar fashion in both SHR and WKY.From these results we conclude thatboth in SHR and in WKY, Ang II exerts a facilitatory effect on sympathetic neurotransmission, which is mediated by prejunctional AT1‐receptors in both strains. Irbesartan displays comparable sympatho‐inhibitory potency in the normotensive and hypertensive pithed rat preparations. A facilitatory effect via postsynaptically located AT1‐receptors on α‐adrenoceptor‐mediated responses exists in WKY, but not in SHR. In both strains the required dose to inhibit presynaptic effects is somewhat higher than the dose required to inhibit postsynaptic effects. No differences, therefore, seem to exist between the two strains regarding the affinity of irbesartan for pre‐ and postjunctional AT1‐receptors, respectively.
Serologic Detection of CagA Positive Helicobacter pylori Infection in a Northern Italian Population: Its Association with Peptic Ulcer Disease
Authors: Orsini Barbara , Ciancio Giuseppe , Surrenti Elisabetta , Macrí Giuseppe , Biagini Maria Rosa , Milani Stefano , Surrenti Calogero 
Published: March 2003

Background.About 60–70% of Helicobacter pylori strains possess cagA (cytotoxin associated gene A) gene and express its product CagA, a highly immunogenic 128–140kD protein. Patients infected with CagA positive strains develop serum IgG anti‐CagA. A serologic response to CagA has been detected in Helicobacter pylori infected patients with peptic ulcer more frequently than in those with gastritis alone. It is unclear whether this finding is consistent in different geographical populations. We investigated the relationship between anti‐CagA seropositivity and peptic ulcer disease in a Northern Italian population.Materials and Methods.We studied 135 H. pylori infected patients: 65 with duodenal ulcer (DU), 28 with gastric ulcer (GU) and 42 with non ulcer dyspepsia (NUD). Sera from these patients were assayed by EIA (enzyme immunoassay) for anti‐CagA IgG.Results.A high prevalence of anti‐CagA was found associated with DU (86.1%) and GU (96.4%), while NUD patients showed anti‐CagA seropositivity of 52.4% (Odd ratio, 5.66; 95% confidence interval, 2.23 to 14.32;p~<~.001, DU vs. NUD; Odd ratio, 24.5; 95% confidence interval, 3.05 to 197.6;p~=~.003, GU vs. NUD). DU patients showed anti‐CagA seropositivity titer (1.15 (0.61 OD, mean (SD) higher than that of NUD patients (0.78 (0.60 OD, mean (SD) (p~<~.05).Conclusions.These data demonstrate in a Northern Italian population that anti‐CagA seropositivity is strongly associated with peptic ulcer disease and suggest that CagA might play an important role in ulcer pathogenesis.
Amoxicillin/Metronidazole/Omeprazole/Clarithromycin: A New, Short Quadruple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication
Authors: Treiber G. , Ammon S. , Schneider E. , Klotz U. 
Published: March 2003

Background.Triple therapy regimens including two antibiotics plus acid suppression have become the new standard therapy in Helicobacter pylori eradication because of success rates of about 90%. However, these regimens are still costly, duration is about one week or less, and side‐effects are not negligible. We therefore evaluated a new quadruple therapy, because theoretically a shorter duration of treatment may result in reduced costs, fewer side‐effects, and possibly in a lower potential for antibiotic resistances.Methods.Controlled, prospective pilot study including H. pylori‐positive patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers or erosive gastritis, treated after failure of dual therapy (proton‐pump‐inhibitors or ranitidine plus amoxicillin) or for the first time. They were assigned to a one week triple standard therapy, consisting of metronidazole 400~mg bid~ + omeprazole 20~mg bid ~+ clarithromycin 250~mg bid, or a newly created quadruple‐regimen, which adds amoxicillin (1~g bid) to the above triple regimen. Each of the four drugs was given for 5~days. H. pylori status was checked by 13C urea breath test before and after four weeks of therapy.Results.A total of 71 patients were treated by quadruple therapy, and 42 patients were treated by triple therapy. The eradication rate of H. pylori for patients under quadruple treatment, without vs. with previous dual therapy, were 96% vs. 92% (42/44 vs. 22/24) by per protocol and 91% vs. 88% (42/46 vs. 22/25) by intention to treat analysis (comparisons not significant). No major side‐effects were reported.Conclusions.~Five‐day quadruple therapy (with omeprazole, metronidazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin) represents an effective and safe new regimen for H. pylori eradication.
Ranitidine Bismuth Citrate Plus Clarithromycin: A Dual Therapy Regimen for Patients with Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: Lanza Frank L. , Sontag Stephen J. , Ciociola Arthur A. , Sykes Deborah L. , Heath Amy , McSorley David J. 
Published: March 2003

Background.The combination of ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) and clarithromycin (CLR) was compared with each treatment alone for the eradication of H. pylori and healing of duodenal ulcers in patients infected with H. pylori.Methods.This two‐phase, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter study evaluated 203 patients with an active duodenal ulcer treated with either (1) RBC 400 mg BID for 4 weeks plus CLR 500 mg TID for the first 2 weeks; (2) RBC 400 mg BID for 4 weeks plus placebo TID for the first 2 weeks; (3) placebo BID for 4 weeks plus CLR 500 mg TID for the first 2 weeks; or (4) placebo BID for 4 weeks plus placebo TID for the first 2 weeks. Patients with healed ulcers after treatment entered a 24‐week observation phase for the assessment of H. pylori and ulcer relapse.Results.Four‐week ulcer healing rates were higher with RBC + CLR (71%) and RBC alone (66%) compared with placebo (15%;p < 0.05) and CLR alone (49%). H. pylori eradication rates were significantly higher with RBC + CLR (86%) compared with RBC alone (0%, p < .001) or CLR alone (24%, p < .001). Ulcer recurrence rates after 6 months were lower in patients eradicated of H. pylori infection (17%) compared with patients who remained infected (43%). All treatments were well tolerated.Conclusions.Ranitidine bismuth citrate plus clarithromycin is a simple, convenient, and well‐tolerated dual therapy regimen that is effective in eradicating H. pylori and healing duodenal ulcers in patients infected with H. pylori. The eradication of H. pylori in patients with healed ulcers significantly reduces the rate of ulcer relapse.
The Role of Endoscopic Findings for the Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Evaluation in a Country with High Prevalence of Atrophic Gastritis
Authors: Mihara Mitsuhiro , Haruma Ken , Kamada Tomoari , Komoto Kunihiko , Yoshihara Masaharu , Sumii Koji , Kajiyama Goro 
Published: March 2003

Background.This study examines endoscopic findings in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the Japanese population.Materials and Methods.The endoscopic findings (including gastric fold findings and degree of atrophy by the Kimura‐Takemoto classification system), histologic severity of inflammation, and glandular atrophy were assessed according to the Sydney system in 642 patients (419 men; 223 women; mean age 43.5 years, range 13–86). H. pylori infection was evaluated by Giemsa staining and serum IgG antibodies.Results.391 of 642 patients (60.9%) were diagnosed as having endoscopic gastritis. Of the 391 patients with endoscopic gastritis, 318 (82.6%) had histologic gastritis and 310 (79.3%) had H. pylori infection. Of the 251 patients with endoscopically normal stomachs, 43 (17.1%) had histologic gastritis and 32 (12.7%) had H. pylori infection. Atrophic gastritis was the most prevalent finding (56.3%) among those with endoscopic gastritis. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with atrophic gastritis (92.7%) and rugal hyperplastic gastritis (92.3%) was significantly higher than in those with other types of gastritis or with a normal stomach (12.7%). A markedly high prevalence of H. pylori infection was found in subjects with tortuosity, hyperrugosity, and/or hyporugosity of the gastric folds.Conclusions.The accurate endoscopic assessment of gastritis according to the Sydney system along with gastric fold findings and the endoscopically identified extent of gastric atrophy are valuable indicators for determining H. pylori infection and histologic gastritis in the Japanese population.