bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of electron temperature anisotropy by an x-ray crystal spectrometer in the Large Helical device
Authors: Kawate Tomoko , Goto Motoshi , Oishi Tetsutarou , Kawamoto Yasuko , Yamada Ichihiro , Funaba Hisamichi , Takahashi Hiromi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We examine Ar XVI spectra measured by an x-ray crystal spectrometer to estimate electron temperature anisotropy in high-temperature electron cyclotron heated plasmas in the Large Helical Device (LHD). We calculate the atomic structure and electron impact excitation cross section between magnetic sublevels of Ar XVI. By assuming a bi-Maxwellian electron distribution function and considering the mount parameters of the x-ray spectrometer in LHD, we model the expected intensity ratio q/r as a function of T

e⊥B
and T

e∣∣B
, where ⊥B and ∣∣B denote perpendicular and parallel components to the magnetic axis of toroidal plasma, respectively. The calculation results show that the intensity ratio of q and r, which are formed by inner-shell excitation from the ground state of Ar15+, is sensitive to electron temperature anisotropy. We apply the calculation results to the LHD experiments. The ratio of q/r changes with variations in electron density and collision frequency. In the core and low ν

e
region, T

e⊥B
is predominant, and the electron temperature becomes isotropic above ν

e
> 104 Hz. By combining electron temperature measurements from Thomson scattering and radial profile of Ar15+ ions estimated using the extreme ultraviolet spectrometer, local values of T

e⊥B
/T

e∣∣B
are quantitatively estimated using the q/r ratio. The derived T

e⊥B
/T

e∣∣B
is compared with collision frequency, radial electric field, and effective helical ripple, and the experimental results are explained qualitatively.
Realizing topological quantum walks on NISQ digital quantum computer
Authors: Giri Mrinal Kanti , Mandal Sudhindu Bikash 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the quantum walk on the off-diagonal Aubry-André-Harper (AAH) lattice with periodic modulation using a digital quantum computer. We investigate various initial states at the single-particle level, considering different hopping modulation strengths and phase factors. Initiating the quantum walk with a particle at the lattice edge reveals the robustness of the edge state, attributed to the topological nature of the AAH model, and displays the influence of the phase factor on this edge state. On the other hand, when the quantum walk begins with a particle in the lattice bulk, we observe a repulsion of the bulk walker from the edge, especially under strong hopping modulation. Furthermore, we extend our investigation to the quantum walk of two particles with nearest-neighbour (NN) interaction. We show the repulsion effect in the quantum walk when two walkers originate from the edge and bulk of the lattice due to the interaction. Additionally, when two particles are positioned at nearest-neighbor sites with strong hopping modulation, they unexpectedly form a local bound state at very small interaction strength, highlighting the unique interplay between hopping modulation and interaction in our quantum walk setup. We analyze these phenomena by examining physical quantities such as density evolution, two-particle correlation, and participation entropy, and discuss their potential applications in quantum technologies.
Enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties of polypropylene matrices reinforced with SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Wasel M A , Wassel Ahmed R , Sewid F A , El-Tonsy M M , El-Henawey M I 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The current study focuses on incorporating SiO2 nano-fillers into a polypropylene matrix to enhance and regulate the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) while simultaneously improving physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. This approach involves adding small quantities of SiO2 filler to occupy vacant spaces between polymer chains, reducing the CTE of the polymer without affecting its structure. Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) were added to a polypropylene (PP) matrix at various concentrations (1%wt, 2%wt, 3%wt, 4%wt, 5%wt, 6%wt). The prepared samples underwent characterization through techniques including x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), along with analysis of the coefficient of thermal expansion, Young’s modulus, and tensile strength. Observations revealed that the inclusion of small quantities of filler significantly enhances the mechanical and thermal properties of PP, particularly at 3%wt of SiO2, which exhibited the lowest CTE value. This methodology can be regarded as an effective approach for controlling the CTE value of polymers, potentially opening avenues for various industrial applications of these materials.
Exact solutions to the resonant nonlinear Schrödinger equation with time-dependent coefficients under dual-power law nonlinearity
Authors: Wang Zilin , Gao Ben 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, the resonant nonlinear Schrödinger equation with time-dependent coefficients which appears in the research process of Madelung fluid is probed by means of two different methods. As an outcome, dozens of distinct types of complex exact solutions are built in the condition of taking dual-power law nonlinearity into account. More specifically, a range of complex solitary, soliton as well as elliptic wave solutions are offered in terms of the unified method, and a series of hyperbolic, triangular, Jacobi elliptic doubly periodic, rational as well as exponential type solutions are given in the light of the improved modified extended tanh-function method. Moreover, the dual-power law nonlinearity, it should be noted, can degenerate to other popular nonlinearity forms including the kerr, power, parabolic law nonlinearities and quadratic-cubic nonlinearity with specific values of concerned parameters, and we also consider these peculiar circumstances in the solving process. Finally, we draw 2D, 3D and contour images for distinct types of solutions that we acquired to simplify the physical interpretation.
Novel star fractal MIMO antenna integrated with a unique parasitic decoupler for enhanced 5 G/IoT/UWB communication performance
Authors: Sohi Arashpreet K 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study focuses on the development, simulation, and experimental analysis of a two-port, fractal-inspired UWB antenna array for optimal deployment in 5 G/IoT/UWB systems. The array is structured 1.57 mm thick, dielectric FR4 material, encompassing a 38 × 66 mm2 area. The design includes two offset-fed pentagonal radiating patches defective with a 2nd iterative novel star-fractal pattern on its upper surface, which optimizes the array’s radiative properties and triggers a wide operating range of 3–14.6 GHz with an impedance bandwidth ratio of 3.87:1. The application of unique star-fractal design contributes to 54.33% shrinkage of patch area in contrast to the typical pentagonal patch. The rear dielectric layer features a reduced ground plane embedded with novel parasitic and stub-loading decoupling structures (placed centrally) to significantly suppress the cross-coupling between the array units and minimize mismatch losses. Multiple diversity parameters are reviewed and are found to comply with their defined thresholds, demonstrating a favorable match between simulation and experimental findings. The array design effectively addresses the rising demand for compact solutions tailored for handheld devices, thus facilitating real-time operations in 5 G/IoT frameworks.
Data2Summ: review on enhancing summarization with transformers and attention models for speech and text compression
Authors: Krishna Dasari Siva , Srikanth Panigrahi , Rao Routhu Srinivasa , Holla M Raviraja 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Today, nearly 120 zettabytes of data are generated daily, with a significant portion coming from speech and text. Digesting such vast amounts of data is a daunting task for the average person. To simplify this challenge, various speech and text summarization techniques are being developed. Summarization is a crucial task that aims to condense key information from text while preserving its overall meaning. This work focuses on developing Data2Summ, an efficient approach for summarizing speech and text by leveraging transformers and advanced attention models. These models capture intricate contextual relationships between words, enabling a nuanced understanding of the input data. The methodology incorporates various models, such as BERT, Pegasus, Llama-2, RoBert2Robert, T5, and DistilBERT, which harness the power of transformers that have demonstrated exceptional performance in various natural language processing tasks. Additionally, we experiment with a modified version of DistilBERT, which shows improved performance compared to other transformers. Evaluation includes benchmarking against existing summarization techniques and assessing the quality, coherence, and informativeness of the generated summaries using ROUGE score.
Spectral analysis for a class of weighted non-p.c.f. Sierpiński-like networks
Authors: Zhu Zhiyong , Dong Enmei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Much information about the structural properties and relevant dynamical aspects of a network can be encoded by the eigenvalues of its normalized Laplacian matrix, particularly those related to random walks. This paper presents a study of the normalized Laplacian spectra and their applications for a class of weighted non-p.c.f. Sierpiński-like networks with a non-uniformly bounded distribution of vertex degrees. Utilizing the spectral decimation technique alongside a theoretical matrix analysis supported by symbolic and numerical computations, we analytically obtain all the eigenvalues, as well as multiplicities. We then apply the derived spectra to derive the analytical expressions for Kemeny’s constant and the number of spanning trees in the networks under consideration, and calculate the asymptotic growth constant characterizing the network, demonstrating the effectiveness of our normalized Laplacian spectra computation.
A comprehensive numerical simulation analysis of back surface passivated CIGS solar cells for efficiency enhancement
Authors: Kumar Alok , Giripunje Sushama M , Patel Alok Kumar , Gohri Shivani 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Thin film solar cells are economical and simple to produce. This study seeks to comprehensively analyze ways to improve the efficiency and minimise the cost per watt of CIGS/SWCNT bulk heterojunction solar cells. The device performance is enhanced by lowering the defect density of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and minimizing back surface recombination velocity through the back surface field mechanism. To maintain the realistic condition throughout the simulation authors, consider the series (Rs) and shunt (Rsh) resistances of 0.5 and 103 ohm cm2 respectively. The optoelectronic output parameters VOC, JSC, FF, and efficiency (η) of the cells are extensively studied using the SCAPS-1D simulation tool with respect to variations in thickness, acceptor density, radiative recombination coefficient, parasitic resistance, work function, temperature, and defect density. The novel solar cell device structure Ni/SWCNT/CIGS/WS2/ZnO/Al exhibits a photoconversion efficiency of 27.73% followed by VOC of 0.80 V, FF of 80.38%, and JSC of 42.59 mA cm−2 at CIGS thickness of 400 nm. Mott Schottky Plot analysis was carried out at a frequency of 1 MHz to find the built-in potential (0.67 V) of the proposed solar cell. This simulation study could help manufacturing companies enhance the profitability of CIGS solar cell production.
Near-infrared supercontinuum source from an ultrafast erbium-doped fiber laser based on polyacrylonitrile absorber
Authors: Ahmad Aeriyn D , Mokhtar Norrima , Dimyati Kaharudin , Apsari Retna , Harun Sulaiman W 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Our study explores the application of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), a soluble organic material valued for its thermal stability, UV resistance, high strength, and chemical inertness, in the field of supercontinuum generation (SCG). Specifically, we investigate its use as a saturable absorber (SA) in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) for ultrafast laser generation. The PAN SA is fabricated by embedding PAN compounds into a Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) host polymer. Integration of the PAN SA into the laser cavity enables stable mode-locking operation, generating a conventional soliton pulse train centred at 1567.0 nm wavelength. Mode-locking is maintained over a pump power range of 87.2 to 254.1 mW at a repetition rate of 1.78 MHz, producing pulses with a duration of 920 fs and a maximum peak power of 0.67 kW. Upon amplification with an Erbium-doped fiber amplifier, the average output power reaches 24 dBm, albeit with a slight increase in pulse duration to 1 ps. The amplified soliton pulse is then coupled into a 100 m long highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber (HN-PCF) with zero dispersion at 1550 nm, resulting in the realization of near infrared SCG. The supercontinuum spans from 1375 nm to at least 2000 nm, achieving spectral power exceeding −35 dBm. To our knowledge, this work represents the first demonstration of SCG by utilizing PAN-based femtosecond pulses to pump a nonlinear fiber.
Metal ferrite nanocomposite treatment reduced oxidative stress to improve the growth dynamics of Cucumis sativus in hydroponics
Authors: Parbhakar Mannat , Guleria Praveen , Kumar Vineet 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Green synthesized nanoparticles have various applications but their use for improving plant productivity and agricultural sustainability recommends their usage as nano-fertilisers. In this context, the present study reports the positive influence of hydroponically exposed green synthesized Tri-metal ferrite TiO2-Al2O3-ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites (TMFN) on Cucumis sativus (cucumber). Cucumber is rich in polyphenols and an important part of the human diet because of its water-rich and low-calorie nature. A considerable increase in the length of shoot-roots, relative water content, and chlorophyll level of cucumber was observed on TMFN exposure. An increase of 25–82 and 94–220% in carbohydrate and protein levels on TMFN treatment was observed. Likewise, the phenols, flavonoids, and free radical scavenging potential of the plants were increased by 22–88, 64–211, and 4–18%, respectively, on TMFN exposure. As a result, there was an observable decrease of 62–86 and 14–68% in the oxidative stress indicators, MDA and H2O2, respectively. A simultaneous and significant increase in the inorganic nitrate, nitrite content, nitrate reductase, and glutamate synthetase activity was evident. However, ammonia content and glutamate dehydrogenase activity decreased significantly by 27–82 and 31–85%, respectively. Overall, the TMFN induced significant morphological and biochemical changes in cucumber indicated their probable role as potential plant growth promoters. However further research is required for understanding the molecular and genetic aspects of the effects of green synthesised TMFN on other plants as well as crops grown hydroponically.
Restore axonal conductance in a locally demyelinated axon with electromagnetic stimulation
Authors: Ye Hui , Chen Yanan , Chen Ji , Hendee Jenna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective. Axonal demyelination leads to failure of axonal conduction. Current research on demyelination focuses on the promotion of remyelination. Electromagnetic stimulation is widely used to promote neural activity. We hypothesized that electromagnetic stimulation of the demyelinated area, by providing excitation to the nodes of Ranvier, could rescue locally demyelinated axons from conductance failure. Approach. We built a multi-compartment NEURON model of a myelinated axon under electromagnetic stimulation. We simulated the action potential (AP) propagation and observed conductance failure when local demyelination occurred. Conductance failure was due to current leakage and a lack of activation of the nodes in the demyelinated region. To investigate the effects of electromagnetic stimulation on locally demyelinated axons, we positioned a miniature coil next to the affected area to activate nodes in the demyelinated region. Main results. Subthreshold microcoil stimulation caused depolarization of node membranes. This depolarization, in combination with membrane depolarization induced by the invading AP, resulted in sufficient activation of nodes in the demyelinated region and restoration of axonal conductance. Efficacy of restoration was dependent on the amplitude and frequency of the stimuli, and the location of the microcoil relative to the targeted nodes. The restored axonal conductance was due to the enhanced Na+ current and reduced K+ current in the nodes, rather than a reduction in leakage current in the demyelinated region. Finally, we found that microcoil stimulation had no effect on axonal conductance in healthy, myelinated axons. Significance. Activation of nodes in the demyelinated region using electromagnetic stimulation provides an alternative treatment strategy to restore axonal function under local demyelination conditions. Results provide insights to the development of microcoil technology for the treatment of focal segmental demyelination cases, such as neuropraxia, spinal cord injury, and auditory nerve demyelination.
Structural Realism and the underdetermination of the physical meaning
Authors: Stoica Ovidiu Cristinel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
I point out an underdetermination of physics, in particular of Quantum Mechanics: that of the relation between the operators and their physical meaning. The set of operators for which we attribute physical meaning is, from relational, structural, and dynamical points of view, indistinguishable from any set of operators obtained from the former by a unitary transformation that commutes with the Hamiltonian. The same is true for the structures inhabiting the world, in particular there are structures isomorphic to the structure of an observer, but they would attribute the meaning of position and other physical meanings to different operators. In particular, space itself is underdetermined from the structure of the theory. Different structures that are isomorphic to an observer would call “position” different observables, and consequently would call “space” different structures. I show that they are highly non-unique. A solution would be that all possible assignments of physical meaning to the operators allowed by the symmetries of the formalism are equally valid. But this leads to a problem: there would be no correlation between the content of the mind of an observer about the external world, and the actual properties of the external world. This has unexpected consequences: it refutes structural realism, and it shows that, in addition to the structure, the substance underlying the structures matters for consciousness to exist.
Design, development and testing of IF section for FMCW reflectometry diagnostics for tokamaks
Authors: Chaudhari Vishnu , Buch JJU , Mathur Rohit , Pathak Surya K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Reflectometry diagnostics is essential for determining
plasma position, density, and density fluctuations to characterize
tokamak plasmas. An Ultra-fast Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
reflectometry system for measuring time evolution of density
profiles is operational on ADITYA-U. This paper discusses the
development of an in-house IF section, signal acquisition and
processing has already been reported separately. Initially, a
modular design of the IF section was implemented. However, due to
the higher cost and bulkiness of the modular design, it was replaced
by IF section card developed in-house to achieve a compact and
cost-effective solution. This paper details the circuit simulations,
printed circuit board layout, design, and testing of the developed
IF electronics. Both modular and card based IF sections were used
and were found to be in excellent agreement with expected values of
beat frequency. Specifically, modular IF design achieves a 2.5%
error, and the card-based IF design measures with a 2% error. In
addition to having a lower error compared to the modular IF design,
the card-based design also offers a lower cost in a more robust and
compact form factor.
A guide to eusocial insect faulted agent resilience and its engineering applications
Authors: Hand James , Watson Bryan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Resilience is a vital aspect of modern systems, especially in multi-agent systems, where faulted agents (agents who do not behave properly) can compromise system performance. In response to this need for resilience, we turn to biological inspiration. Eusocial insects are a subset of insects that have caste-based labor distribution and cooperative brood care. These insects face analogous challenges in maintaining and improving resilience to external threats, making them prime examples to find unique biological solutions to resilience problems. Thus, the central question of this work is: How can eusocial insect behavior be used to inspire new approaches to prevent or limit faulted agents from impacting the performance of multi-agent systems? Engineers, however, do not always have the necessary biological expertise to identify behaviors to mimic. This article seeks to fill the following identified gap in current research and resources: There is need to study the impact of biologically inspired behaviors on faulted agent resilience, but engineers may struggle to identify sources in the biological literature to translate into engineering applications. To address this question and the identified gap, we provide a guide identifying a large range of insect resilience behaviors and examples of possible implementation of these behaviors. This guide is a functional decomposition examining how eusocial insects prevent disease propagation that engineers can transfer to their systems when seeking to mitigate faulted agents. The presented functional decomposition is made of 148 identified functions across 7 levels, organized into 5 primary categories. This provides a guide for engineers to use when looking for sources of inspiration to improve system resilience. Additional discussion is also provided to offer potential implementations of these 148 functions, so as to encourage further work and usage of this work.
Projections of climate change and its impacts based on CMIP6 models—calling attention to quantifying and constraining uncertainty
Authors: Zhang Qin , Cheng Shujie , Liu Lina , Zhang Liping , Xu Jijun , She Dunxian , Yuan Zhe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Accurately projecting climate change and its impact is crucial for quantifying the risk of extreme events and developing effective adaptation strategies. However, future projections exhibit substantial uncertainties among Earth system models (ESMs). Notably, the latest phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project includes some ‘hot’ ESMs with high climate sensitivity that exceed the likely range inferred from multiple lines of evidence, leading to a broader uncertainty range compared to previous CMIP phases. Although various uncertainty quantification and constraint methods have been proposed, they are not yet widely adopted. The approach of using an equal-weighted ensemble average for projections remains prevalent. Here we examine commonly used uncertainty quantification methods and constraint projection methods, describing their characteristics. Subsequently, taking extreme precipitation as a case, we constrain the range of projection uncertainty employing two weighing constraint methods and two emergent constraint methods. The results demonstrate that all methods effectively reduce the uncertainty in extreme precipitation projections. Specifically, the comprehensive constraints reduce the projection uncertainty by 26%–31% at the long-term future (2081–2100) under different scenarios. Therefore, we strongly recommend that attention should be paid to quantifying and constraining uncertainty when undertaking future projections of climate change and its impacts.