bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paracetamol‐associated luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome: effect on intrafollicular blood flow
Authors: Bourne T. H. , Reynolds K. , Waterstone J. , Okokon E. , Jurkovic D. , Campbell S. , Collins W P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe are using transvaginal ultrasonography with color Doppler imaging to study changes in intrafollicular blood flow over the periovulatory period. We report here the findings from one volunteer (subject 9), who took two tablets of paracetamol (1000 mg) twice daily (between 07.00 and 08.00, and 18.00 and 19.00) for 2 consecutive menstrual cycle days (12 and 13) to alleviate a headache, which was shown retrospectively to have occurred within the duration of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in peripheral plasma. The drug appeared to have a profound effect on peak systolic blood velocity within the preovulatory follicle. Color (an index of blood velocity) disappeared and flow velocity waveforms were not detectable for at least 4 h. Color then re‐appeared, but the peak systolic blood velocity had reduced by 69.8% (from 18.2 to 5.5 cm/s). The peak systolic blood velocity recovered subsequently to 16.3 cm/s, but the follicle did not rupture and continued to grow to a maximum diameter > 59 mm. There was no apparent effect of the drug on expected changes in the circulating levels of estradiol, LH, follicle stimulating hormone or progesterone. The secretory phase of the menstrual cycle lasted 13 days (i. e. day of LH peak to day of next menses minus one). We suggest that paracetamol taken at the time of the LH surge may affect intrafollicular peak systolic blood velocity and might inhibit ovulation. Possible molecular mechanisms are discussed. Copyright © 1991 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Spontaneous remission of urinary tract obstruction and ascites in a fetus with posterior urethral valves
Authors: Hecher K. , Henning K. , Spernol R. , Szalay S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report a case of posterior urethral valves with its typical sonographic findings. The initial diagnosis of an infravesical obstruction was made at 18 weeks gestation based on the finding of an enlarged fetal bladder and bilateral dilated renal pelves. Weekly observations showed no change in bladder size until 27 weeks gestation. At this time there was a significant increase in dilatation, the bladder wall was thickened and at 28 weeks a large amount of fetal ascites was diagnosed, but there was no oligohydramnios. Fetal urine investigations following ultrasound‐guided puncture of the fetal bladder revealed hypotonic urine and adequate renal function. Hence no vesicoamniotic drainage was performed. At 32 weeks, spontaneous remission of ascites and reduction of the bladder dilatation were noted. The fetus was delivered vaginally at term. Follow‐up of the newborn during the 1st year of life is reported. At the age of 1 year the infant shows good renal function with a serum creatinine of 0.33 mg/dl. This case shows that spontaneous remission of fetal urinary tract obstruction as a consequence of posterior urethral valves is possible. The sequence of events leading to spontaneous remission and the favorable outcome is discussed. Copyright © 1991 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The natural history of oligohydramnios/polyhydramnios sequence in monochorionic diamniotic twins
Authors: Bromley B. , Frigoletto F. D. , Estroff J. A. , Benacerraf B. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwelve patients with monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies complicated by oligohydramnios/polyhydramnios sequence were evaluated to determine the natural history of this syndrome. Nine patients elected to continue their pregnancies and three underwent elective termination. Six of the nine continuing pregnancies delivered viable fetuses. Four of the nine continuing pregnancies had evidence of a ‘stuck’ twin at less than 20 weeks' gestation, and only one yielded live newborns (25%). Three patients diagnosed with a mild case of oligohydramnios/polyhydramnios sequence underwent worsening of the syndrome with a ‘stuck’ twin seen only after 26 weeks: all neonates survived. Five pregnancies initially diagnosed as having a ‘stuck’ twin showed improvement in amniotic fluid volume, with one actually reversing, so that the previously ‘stuck’ twin developed polyhydramnios and the co‐twin became ‘stuck’.In summary, among the nine non‐aborted pregnancies managed conservatively, 12 of 18 fetuses (67%) survived. When the diagnosis of ‘stuck’ twin was made at ≤ 20 weeks, only two of eight (25%) lived. These observations suggest that the oligohydramnios/polyhydramnios sequence is a dynamic process with wide and often unpredictable fluctuations in amniotic fluid volume. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Does the amniotic fluid index change over a short‐term time interval?
Authors: Schwartz D. B. , Daoud Y. , Schuchter K. , Freeman J. , McGirr K. , Campbell S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe amniotic fluid index (AFI) is a rapid and simple technique that is commonly used to assess amniotic fluid volume. It is commonly used in conjunction with other tests of fetal well‐being that extend over a variable time interval. The data on interobserver and intraobserver variability have not stated the interval between measurements, although it is likely that they have been repeated immediately. In this study an AFI was repeated after a short time interval to assess whether a significant difference exists, as this may be clinically relevant. In 91 patients, the AFI was performed at the beginning and end of an ultrasound scan for either growth and development, or for Doppler velocimetry. The interval between the two measurements was 30–45 min, and the respective results were as follows: mean 18.4 vs. 18.7; standard deviation 4.2 vs. 3.9; minimum value 10.1 vs. 11.0 and maximum value 35.0 vs. 30.0. There were no significant differences between the two measurements (p > 0.133; d.f. = 90) and the correlation coefficient was 0.874 (p < 0.0001). These results validate the reproducibility of the AFI over a 30–45 min interval, during which time most adjunctive tests are usually completed. Therefore, the timing of the AFI in relation to the other tests is not critical. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The minimum number of cardiac cycles necessary for calculation of renal blood flow velocity indices in pregnant and non‐pregnant women
Authors: Kublickas M. , Jogestrand T. , Lunell N.‐O. , Westgren M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn this study Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the blood flow velocity in the main and segmental renal arteries in 16 healthy non‐pregnant women. There were no differences in blood flow indices between the right and left kidneys as well as between the main and segmental arteries. The variability of the indices in the main and segmental renal arteries in healthy non‐pregnant and in the segmental renal artery in normal pregnant women (32–37 weeks of gestation) was investigated. The within‐patient error standard deviations of ten cycles and two, and three to nine averaged cycles were compared. In non‐pregnant women, values for the error standard deviation comparable with those obtained from ten cycles for the systolic/diastolic ratio and pulsatility index from both main and segmental arteries were obtained by averaging from five to six consecutive cycles, while the error standard deviation for the resistance index stabilized when averaging only two to four cycles. In pregnant women, the error standard deviations for both the systolic/diastolic ratio and pulsatility index reached quite stable values after three cycle had been averaged as did the error standard deviation for the resistance index. We speculate that this difference between non‐pregnant and pregnant women is due to more favorable conditions for renal visualization and consequently higher quality Doppler signals during pregnancy. A knowledge about the number of cardiac cycles required for an accurate calculation of renal blood flow velocity indices may prevent time‐consuming calculations and inaccurate conclusions. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Characteristics of blood flow in cancer of the uterine cervix
Authors: Breyer B. , Despot A. , Predanic M. , Judin S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBlood flow characteristics were measured in patients with histologically proved cervical cancer and compared to normal values. Flow parameters were derived by color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound. The results showed a significant difference in the mean values of resistance index and pulsatility index among the diseased patients and healthy controls. However, the method does not have the required sensitivity for screening purposes, so that its value may mainly be in the follow‐up of patients treated conservatively with radiation and chemotherapy. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Second‐trimester uterine artery flow velocity waveform and oral glucose tolerance test as a means of predicting intrauterine growth retardation
Authors: Valensise H. , Romanini C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe absence of a rise in maternal serum glucose level during the course of a 3‐h glucose tolerance test was noted in pregnancies that resulted in growth‐retarded infants. It was postulated that this response to an oral glucose load, in association with increased impedence to uterine artery blood flow, as demonstrated by color flow Doppler waveforms, could select the pregnancies at greater risk of developing intrauterine growth retardation.One hundred and four uncomplicated primigravidae and 88 multigravid women considered to be at high risk of developing intrauterine growth retardation were monitored longitudinally from the 24th week of gestation. The right and left uterine artery resistance indices (RI) were measured at 24 weeks by means of pulsed Doppler with color flow imaging, and the results were averaged. The following week, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Serum glucose was measured immediately prior to the ingestion of 100 g glucose, and again after 60, 120 and 180 min. The OGTT results were classified as normal, impaired glucose tolerance, gestational diabetes mellitus, and flat. This last result was indicated by a less than 20% rise in serum glucose compared to the fasting value.A notch in the uterine artery waveform and/or an RI greater than 0.58 (> 2 SD above the mean) was found in 39 (20.3%) women. A flat response to the OGTT was seen in 31 (16.1%) cases. Of the 16 women in whom both a high RI and a flat OGTT response curve were demonstrated, 15 (93.7%) delivered low‐birth‐weight babies due to intrauterine growth retardation. Eight of these 16 women developed hypertension. In the group with a flat OGTT response curve but normal uterine artery RI, two of the 15 women (13.3%) had growth‐retarded babies. The positive predictive value of an increased RI with a flat OGTT response curve was 94%, while the predictive values of each individual method were 62% and 55%, respectively, for development of intrauterine growth retardation.Increased resistance to blood flow in the uteroplacental circulation in conjunction with a flat response curve to an oral glucose load might identify a group of pregnant women at risk of having a growth‐retarded infant with or without the development of hypertension. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal biometry at 14–40 weeks' gestation
Authors: Snijders R. J. M. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNormal ranges for a wide variety of biometrical parameters were established from cross‐sectional data on 1040 normal singleton pregnancies resulting in livebirth at term of normal, and appropriately grown infants. Patients were selected so that the birth weight distribution was similar to that reported by Yudkin and colleagues' and the ranges can, therefore, be used for any population that has a simular birth weight distribution. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Ultrasound in the follow‐up of young patients with malignant ovarian tumors after conservative surgery
Authors: Zanetta G. , Trio D. , Lissoni A. , Pittelli M. , Di Lelio A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUltrasound examinations were performed us a step in the follow‐up of 62 patients previously treated with conservative surgery for malignant ovarian tumors. With a minimal follow‐up period of 36 months (range 36–129) 12 recurrences of disease were observed in nine patients.When compared to other routine follow‐up procedures, ultrasound examination proved to be the most effective procedure in the monitoring of these patients, correctly detecting ten recurrences. Physical and gynecological examinations detected seven, tumor marker measurements detected six and chest X‐rays detected one.Ultrasound examination was 83% sensitive, 99% specific and 99% accurate in the detection of recurrent disease.In four recurrences leading to death, the diameters of the tumors at first detection were 25, 50, 50 and 100 mm, significantly higher (p = 0.03) than in seven recurrences followed by complete response of the tumor (range 15–35 mm, median 30 mm).Ultrasound appears to be superior to physical and gynecological examination in early detection of recurrence; considering that smaller burdens of tumor at the time of recurrence seem to imply a better prognosis, ultrasound should be considered us a useful additional procedure in the follow‐up of these patients. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Small hyperechoic ventricle: a benign foci of the fetal cardiac sonographic finding?
Authors: How H. Y. , Villafane J. , Parihus R. R. , Spinnato J. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of our study was to determine the significance of antenatally detected, small hyperechoic foci in the fetal cardiac ventricle. In a 13‐month period, we identified 25 fetuses with such a finding, an incidence rate of 0.46%. The hyperechoic foci in 24/25 fetuses were seen during follow‐up serial scans. The size ranged from 1 to 6 mm. All had a normal fetal echocardiogram at 20–22 weeks' gestation. Eleven of the 24 neonates had a normal postnatal echocardiogram in the first 4 weeks of birth. One neonate had a previously undiagnosed transposition of the great vessels and no residual hyperechoic focus. Twelve had an echogenic focus located at the level of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles in the left ventricle. In each of these 12 neonates, there was normal ventricular function determined by measuring the shortening fraction, and a competent atrioventricular valve.When hyperechoic foci are identified, baseline antenatal echocardiography should be performed to confirm their benignity. With an otherwise normal fetal and clinical neonatal evaluation, serial antenatal and confirmatory postnatal echocardiography are unnecessary. A possible relationship to other cardiac anomalies or aneuploidies requires further study. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Does gender have an impact on the sonographic detection of second‐trimester fetuses with Down's syndrome?
Authors: Benacerraf B. R. , Miller W. A. , Nadel A. , Pauker S. , Bromley B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe biometric and structural sonographic features of 95 second‐trimester fetuses with Down's syndrome were evaluated to determine whether affected male fetuses differed from affected females. There were 54 male and 41 female fetuses with Down's syndrome studied. A shortened femur was identified in 28/54 (52%) males compared with 19/41 (46%) affected females (NS). A thickened nuchal fold was identified in 19/54 (35%) of males vs. 20/41 (49%) of females. Renal pyelectasis was seen in 7/54 (13%) males and 8/41 (19%) females. A heart defect was seen in 8/54 (15%) males and 7/41 (17%) females. Ventriculomegaly was identified in 6/54 (11%) males and 3/41 (7%) females with Down's syndrome. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of the sonographic findings when male and female Down's fetuses were compared. Our data show that the criteria for evaluation of sonographic markers for the identification of second‐trimester fetuses with Down's syndrome should be the same in male and female fetuses. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Clinical application of volume estimation based on three‐dimensional ultrasonography
Authors: Brunner M. , Obruca A. , Bauer P. , Feichtinger W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe development of three‐dimensional sonography represents a milestone in the history of diagnostic ultrasound. It has become possible to evaluate a region of interest not only in the horizontal and vertical planes but also in a third, i.e. the frontal, plane. Among other possible applications, this technique greatly facilitates volume estimation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy and precision of volumetry based on three‐dimensional sonography. The results demonstrate a good correlation between estimated volumes and the volumes measured by transvaginal needle‐guided follicle aspiration performed under sonographic visualization. Our findings confirm the conclusion of previous studies that three‐dimensional sonography is making a valuable contribution to imaging techniques. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Single uterine entry for genetic amniocentesis in twin pregnancies
Authors: Sebire N. J. , Noble P. L. , Odibo A. , Malligiannis P. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn 176 diamniotic twin pregnancies at 10–20 weeks of gestation, amniotic fluid for cytogenetic studies was successfully obtained from both sacs by the use of a single uterine entry. There were no cases of discordancy between sex at amniocentesis and birth. There were six pregnancies with fetal unbalanced chromosomal defects; in one pregnancy both fetuses were abnormal and in five pregnancies only one fetus was abnormal. The total fetal loss rate was 5.7% (20 of 352 fetuses), including six (1.7%) terminations or selective fetocides and 14 (4.0%) spontaneous deaths. In the 176 pregnancies there were five (2.8%) with no survivors, including one termination and four (2.3%) spontaneous miscarriages or intrauterine deaths. There are only two (1.1%) pregnancies in which amniocentesis could have contributed directly to the losses and therefore the procedure‐related rate of fetal loss may be similar to that in singleton pregnancies. The median gestation at delivery was 37 (range 16–40) weeks and delivery before 32 weeks occurred in 9% of the pregnancies. The birth weight distribution was similar to that reported in singleton pregnancies. This study demonstrates that in twin pregnancies amniotic fluid for cytogenetic studies can be obtained successfully from both sacs by use of a single uterine entry. The risk of fetal loss from this procedure appears to be similar to that in singleton pregnancies. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Neuroectodermal cyst may be a rare differential diagnosis of fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma: first case report of a prenatally observed neuroectodermal cyst
Authors: Bloechle M. , Bollmann R. , Wit J. , Buttenberg S. , Kursawe R. , Guski H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn spite of the fact that most anomalies can be accurately diagnosed prenatally, one may be confronted with an extremely rare fetal abnormality that has never been described before. We report a case of a neuroectodermal cyst arising from the posterior neuropore. After 21 weeks of gestation a fetal anechoic intra‐ and extra‐abdominal tumor was detected. The mass grew to 75 × 41 × 33 mm at 3.5 weeks. Initially it was believed to be a sacrococcygeal teratoma. Serial scans and Doppler ultrasound examinations were performed, which demonstrated fetal well being. Color Doppler imaging failed to demonstrate increased tumoral perfusion. After elective Cesarean section, the tumor was excised. The postoperative course was complicated by recurrent infections of the urinary tract due to neurological damage to the bladder. There was also impaired function of the anal sphincter. The histological finding of a monolayer of neuroepithelial cells and melanocytes led to the diagnosis of a neuroectodermal cyst. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Estimation of fetal shoulder width by measurement of the humerospinous distance by ultrasound
Authors: Riska A. , Laine H. , Voutilainen P. , Kariniem V. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to find a practical method for estimating the fetal shoulder width by ultrasound. Sixty pregnant women at term were included in the study. The distance between the lateral margin of the fetal cartilaginous caput humeri and the processus spinosus of the cervical vertebra C7 (humerospinous distance) was measured by ultrasound. The neonatal shoulder width was measured with a craniometer during the first postnatal day. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate the correlation between the humerospinous distance and the shoulder width, and a significant linear correlation (r = 0.612, p < 0.001) was shown. Although, in this small study, we could not show a relationship between humerospinous distance and dystocia, we feel a clinical study of humerospinous distance as a predictor of shoulder dystocia is indicated. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Vibroacoustic stimulation enhances visualization of the four‐chamber cardiac view in the third trimester
Authors: Lazebnik N. , Hill L. M. , Costantino J. P. , Many A. , Martin J. G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine whether vibroacoustic stimulation would improve the visualization rate of the four‐chamber cardiac view. Patients between 26 and 42 weeks' gestation were considered to be candidates for this study if the amniotic fluid index (AFI) was between 8.0 and 24.0 cm, no malformations were detected on a careful fetal anatomical survey and a four‐chamber cardiac view was not obtainable. Once a four‐chamber view was considered to be not obtainable due to fetal position, the patient was asked to withdraw a sealed envelope and was assigned to either the study or the control group. The 164 study patients received one to three 3‐s vibroacoustic stimulations. Five minutes later a second attempt was made to visualize the four‐chamber view adequately. The control group consisted of another 198 subjects in whom a four‐chamber view could not be obtained. The control group did not receive vibroacoustic stimulation. A similar 5‐min time interval was allowed to elapse before an attempt was made to visualize the four‐chamber view.The study and control groups were similar with respect to fetal presentation, placental location, fetal weight category, biophysical profile score, gestational age, AFI and estimated fetal weight. The rate of the four‐chamber view was significantly higher among fetuses receiving vibroacoustic stimulation (20.1 %), in comparison to the control group (11.1 %) (p = 0.019). Successful repositioning was more likely among fetuses with estimated fetal weight between 2251 and 3050 g, and at a gestational age between 33.1 and 37.0 weeks.We conclude that in a selected group of patients vibroacoustic stimulation can be used to enhance visualization of the four‐chamber view. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology