bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of bio‐based reactive N/P flame retardant and its curing and flame retarding behavior in epoxy resins
Authors: Tao Peihua , Chen Lumin , Zeng Shaohua , Xu Ying , Nie Wangyan , Zhou Yifeng , Chen Pengpeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this study, a pioneering bio‐based nitrogen–phosphorus flame retardant and curing accelerator named oxime‐phosphazene hexakis [(4‐(hydroxyimino) 2‐methoxy) phenoxy] cyclotriphosphazene (HAPV) was successfully synthesized using hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and vanillin. When 5 wt % HAPV was added into epoxy, the limiting oxygen index increased from 22% to 27% and passed UL‐94 V‐0 (UL is defined as Underwriters Laboratories) rating. Meanwhile, with the addition 5 wt% HAPV, the apparent activation energy (Ea) of HAPV/EP decreased from 20.22 to 67.15 kJ/mol, and the pHRR value was suppressed from 581.21 to 330.18 kW/m2. It was due to that the HAPV quenched the combustion chain reaction through the gas phase and condensed phase, forming a dense char layer for blocking the heat transfer. Overall, the study provides an environmentally friendly epoxy flame retardant curing accelerator that shows great potential in epoxy flame retardant applications.
Effect of mechanical recycling on crystallization, mechanical, and rheological properties of recycled high‐density polyethylene and reinforcement based on virgin high‐density polyethylene
Authors: Zeng Shao‐Fu , Zhang Hao‐Ran , Li Ze‐Kun , Hu Chang‐Ying , Wang Zhi‐Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of mechanical recycling on the crystallization, mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of recycled high‐density polyethylene (rHDPE), as well as vHDPE/rHDPE pellets and films made by different compositions. The results confirmed the presence of contaminants in rHDPEs, and the crystalline diameter of rHDPE is smaller than that of virgin high‐density polyethylene (vHDPE), with diameters ranging from 0.60 to 0.72 μm. The content of 75 wt% vHDPE in rHDPE film could repair the defects of crystalline morphology to approximate that of vHDPE films and significantly improve the elongation at break. The temperature required for the transition from crystalline to amorphous state of rHDPE film was 2°C lower than that of vHDPE, and the crystallization time and crystallinity declined compared to that of vHDPE. For rheological performance, the apparent shear viscosity and melt fluidity of rHDPE were worse than those of vHDPE. The blending of low rHDPE with vHDPE is a feasible option not only to reduce plastic waste but also to maintain acceptable properties of the blend composition.
Interactions between neural cells and blood vessels in central nervous system development
Authors: Morimoto Keiko , Tabata Hidenori , Takahashi Rikuo , Nakajima Kazunori 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe sophisticated function of the central nervous system (CNS) is largely supported by proper interactions between neural cells and blood vessels. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that neurons and glial cells support the formation of blood vessels, which in turn, act as migratory scaffolds for these cell types. Neural progenitors are also involved in the regulation of blood vessel formation. This mutual interaction between neural cells and blood vessels is elegantly controlled by several chemokines, growth factors, extracellular matrix, and adhesion molecules such as integrins. Recent research has revealed that newly migrating cell types along blood vessels repel other preexisting migrating cell types, causing them to detach from the blood vessels. In this review, we discuss vascular formation and cell migration, particularly during development. Moreover, we discuss how the crosstalk between blood vessels and neurons and glial cells could be related to neurodevelopmental disorders.
PON1 has palmitoyl‐protein thioesterase (PPT) activity, and can affect the presence of SR‐B1 on the endothelial cell membrane
Authors: Ashkar Rasha , Khattib Ali , Musa Sanaa , Goldberg Doron , Khatib Soliman 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐associated enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is expressed almost exclusively in the liver and is then transported by HDL to the peripheral tissues. The lipophilic nature of PON1 enables its easy exchange between the lipoprotein and cell membranes in a process that is dependent on the HDL receptor scavenger receptor class B, type 1 (SR‐B1). In endothelial cells, PON1 binding to the cell membrane leads to its internalization by endocytosis and subsequent lysosomal degradation. PON1 is a “promiscuous” enzyme with unusually broad substrate specificity in vitro, but its actual function and substrate are still unknown. The enzyme requires a lipid environment and becomes completely inactive upon delipidation. However, when PON1 binds HDL, its active site faces the lipoprotein's core and is inaccessible to external substrates. Hence, the HDL‐bound PON1 is inactive toward substrates outside the particle's lipid core and is rapidly degraded and becomes inactive upon internalization. Consequently, the enzyme is only active in the cell membrane during its transit from HDL to the cytoplasm. To assign a function to PON1, we investigated whether it is a palmitoyl‐protein thioesterase (PPT) that can hydrolyze the palmitoyl moieties of membrane proteins involved in HDL and cholesterol transport, such as SR‐B1, ABCA1, or their neighboring caveola proteins to facilitate the release of HDL or trigger its endocytosis. This study shows that PON1 can hydrolyze palmitoyl‐cysteine thioester bonds in vitro, has direct or indirect PPT activity in vivo, and can significantly decrease the presence of SR‐B1 in the endothelial membrane.
Statin use and mortality risk in Asian patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Lee Yan Hiu Athena , Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai , Hui Jeremy Man Ho , Tang Pias , Liu Kang , Dee Edward Christopher , Ng Kenrick , Tse Gary , Ng Chi Fai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to examine the associations between the use of statins concurrent with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and the risks of mortality in Asian patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa).MethodsAdult patients (≥18 years old) diagnosed with PCa who were receiving any form of ADT and were being treated at public hospitals in Hong Kong from December 1999 to March 2021 were retrospectively identified, with follow‐up conducted until September 2021. Patients who had received medical castration for <180 days without subsequent bilateral orchidectomy, those who had used statins concurrently with ADT for <180 days, and those with missing baseline total cholesterol levels were excluded. Statin users were defined as individuals who had used statins for ≥180 days concurrent with ADT, while non‐users were those who had not used any statins. PCa‐related mortality was the primary outcome, while all‐cause mortality served as the secondary outcome. Inverse probability treatment weighting was employed to balance the covariates.ResultsA total of 4920 patients were included, consisting of 2578 statin users and 2342 non‐users (mean age 76.1 ± 8.2 years). Over a mean follow‐up period of 4.2 ± 3.3 years, it was observed that statin users had significantly lower risks of both PCa‐related mortality (weighted hazard ratio [wHR] 0.56 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48, 0.65], p < 0.001) and all‐cause mortality (wHR 0.57 [95% CI 0.51, 0.63], p < 0.001), regardless of the type of ADT used. Notably, these associations were more pronounced among patients with less advanced PCa, as indicated by the absence of androgen receptor antagonist or chemotherapy usage (p value for interaction <0.001 for both outcomes).Conclusion(s)The use of statins concurrent with ADT was associated with reduced mortality risks among Asian patients with PCa. These findings suggest the need for additional research to explore the potential role of statins in the treatment of PCa patients.
Restricted life‐space mobility impacts physical but not mental quality of life in older cancer survivors
Authors: Taylor Richard A. , Bakitas Marie , Wells Rachel , Dionne‐Odom J. Nicholas , Kennedy Richard , Williams Grant R. , Frank Jennifer , Li Peng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundOlder cancer survivors often value quality of life (QOL) over survival. Life‐space mobility (LSM), defined as the individual's spatial geographic mobility range, is an important QOL indicator in older adults with chronic illnesses; however, this relationship is unexplored in older cancer survivors.MethodsWe examined the longitudinal associations and causal relationships between LSM and QOL in 153 older cancer survivors (≥65 years) from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Study of Aging. LSM was assessed using the UAB Life‐Space Assessment‐Composite score (LSA‐C), and QOL was assessed by the SF‐12 Mental Component Score (MCS12) and Physical Component Score (PCS12) at 0 (study entry), 6, 18, 36, 54, and 72 months. We examined the causal relationship between LSM and QOL using a cross‐lagged panel model (CLPM).ResultsThe cohort (n = 153) was 76 years old on average and predominantly White (58%), female (58%), and married (55%). Longitudinal analyses found LSM decreased over time (p < 0.0001), and this decrease was associated with decreased QOL (PCS12, p < 0.0001, MCS12, p < 0.0001). In the CLPM causal analysis, lower LSM resulted in worse PCS12 (p < 0.001), but not worse MSC12.ConclusionsRestricted LSM resulted in worse physical QOL over 72 months in a sample of 153 older cancer survivors. Developing and evaluating interventions to preserve greater LSM could be a promising approach to improving QOL.
Tissue or liquid rebiopsy? A prospective study for simultaneous tissue and liquid NGS after first‐line EGFR inhibitor resistance in lung cancer
Authors: Lin Yen‐Ting , Ho Chao‐Chi , Hsu Wei‐Hsun , Liao Wei‐Yu , Yang Ching‐Yao , Yu Chong‐Jen , Tsai Tzu‐Hsiu , Yang James Chih‐Hsin , Wu Shang‐Gin , Hsu Chia‐Lin , Hsieh Min‐Shu , Huang Yen‐Lin , Wu Chia‐Ling , Shih Jin‐Yuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionAccording to current International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer guideline, physicians may first use plasma cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) methods to identify epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)‐resistant mechanisms (liquid rebiopsy) for lung cancer. Tissue rebiopsy is recommended if the plasma result is negative. However, this approach has not been evaluated prospectively using next‐generation sequencing (NGS).MethodsWe prospectively enrolled patients with lung cancer with first‐line EGFR‐TKI resistance who underwent tissue rebiopsy. The rebiopsied tissues and cfDNA were sequenced using targeted NGS, ACTDrug®+, and ACTMonitor®Lung simultaneously. The clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes were analyzed.ResultsTotally, 86 patients were enrolled. Twenty‐six (30%) underwent tissue biopsy but the specimens were inadequate for NGS. Among the 60 patients with paired tissue and liquid rebiopsies, two‐thirds (40/60) may still be targetable. T790M mutations were found in 29, including 14 (48%) only from tissue and 5 (17%) only from cfDNA. Twenty‐four of them were treated with osimertinib, and progression‐free survival was longer in patients without detectable T790M in cfDNA than in patients with detectable T790M in cfDNA (p = 0.02). For the 31 T790M‐negative patients, there were six with mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (MET) amplifications, four with ERBB2 amplifications, and one with CCDC6‐RET fusion. One with MET amplification and one with ERBB2 amplification responded to subsequent MET and ERBB2 targeting agents respectively.ConclusionsNGS after EGFR‐TKI resistance may detect targetable drivers besides T790M. To do either liquid or tissue NGS only could miss patients with T790M. To do tissue and liquid NGS in parallel after EGFR‐TKI resistance may find more patients with targetable cancers.
Electrocatalytic Nitrite Reduction in Neutral Water with Ni(II) and Co(II) Macrocycle Complexes: Catalytic Evaluation and Mechanistic Elucidation
Authors: Ferguson Jonathan , Brown Joshua , Richeson Darrin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNitrite anions, of anthropogenic origin, in the environment disrupt the nitrogen cycle making the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite a significant objective. Homogeneous Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes bearing a macrocyclic supporting ligand consisting of a tridentate redox active bis(imino)pyridine moiety coupled with a tertiary amine donor site are effective and selective for the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite to ammonium ion and hydroxylamine in buffered (pH 7) aqueous solutions. Controlled potential coulometry at potentials from −0.98 to −1.05 V vs Ag/AgCl in 4‐morpholinepropanesulfonic acid (MOPS) buffer yielded ammonium as the major product with Faradaic efficiencies ranging from 76–90 %. A foot‐of‐the‐wave analysis yielded calculated turn‐over frequencies of 61 s−1and 28 s−1 for the Ni and Co complexes, respectively. The Ni complex displayed a higher selectivity for NH4+/NH2OH than the Co analog. A computational examination of the catalytic mechanism of the Ni complex was used to support and elucidate the proposed chemical steps, provide some energetic details of the electron and proton transfers, and present a rationale for the selectivity of this reduction.
Vitamin B12 in Photocatalysis – An Underexplored Frontier in Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: Moser Austin J. , Funk Brian E. , West Julian G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVitamin B12 (VB12) is a flexible and sustainable catalyst both in nature and the reaction flask, facilitating varied organic transformations of high value to both enzymatic processes and synthetic chemists. Key to this value is the breadth of reactivity it possesses, capable of both ionic, 2 electron chemistry, and radical, 1 electron chemistry. In particular, the ability to generate carbon‐centered radical intermediates via photolysis of organocobalt intermediates formed from alkyl electrophiles opens the door to powerful new radical transformations challenging to achieve using classical photoredox or ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) catalysis. While this unique photocatalytic reactivity of VB12 has been increasingly leveraged in monocatalytic schemes, recent reports have demonstrated VB12 is able to function as the photocatalytic component in cooperative schemes, driving diverse reactivity including remote elimination of alkyl halides, regioselective epoxide arylation, and regioselective epoxide reduction. This concept briefly overviews the enabling photochemical properties of VB12 and recent applications in cooperative catalysis, providing a framework for the continued development of new cooperative catalyst systems using this powerful photoactive complex.
Social resources and professional identity: Predicting counselors‐in‐training's burnout and engagement
Authors: Um Byeolbee , Nam Sojeong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the relationships between counselors‐in‐training (CITs)’s social resources, burnout, engagement, and professional identity, using structural equation modeling. Results showed that CITs’ professional identity partially mediated the relationships between social resources and burnout/engagement. Implications for counselor educators and counseling programs to prevent CIT burnout and promote engagement are discussed.
Chemo‐ and Regioselective Catalytic Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Ketones for the Synthesis of β, γ‐Disubstituted β, γ‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Adhikari Priyanka , Bhattacharyya Dipanjan , Deori Kritartha , Sarmah Bikash Kumar , Das Animesh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractC−C bond forming reaction of ketone with aldehyde is well‐studied for the synthesis of α, β‐unsaturated ketones, however, the reaction with two different ketones to unsaturated carbonyl compound has not yet been systematically studied. Probably due to the relatively low reactivity of ketones as electrophiles (aldol acceptors), its propensity for retro‐aldol reaction. The reactions often suffer from unsatisfactory chemoselectivity (self‐ vs. crossed aldol products) and regioselectivity (thermodynamic vs. kinetic enolate). In this quest, we report here for the first time selective cross‐coupling reaction of ketones to β‐branched β, γ‐unsaturated ketones by using ruthenium catalysis. Interestingly, single crossed aldol condensation products are formed even in reactions where a mixture of products is possible. Reaction is highly chemoselective, regioselective and produces H2O as the only byproducts making the protocol environmentally benign. Method is compatible with a wide variety of sensitive functional group and applicable for even problematic aliphatic ketones as substrates. Notably, acetone was found as a three‐carbon feedstock for the syntheses of simple β, γ‐unsaturated ketone compounds. The process can further be extended to the gram‐scale reaction and late‐stage functionalization of natural products. With the help of DFT calculations, several control experiments, and deuterium‐labeling experiments, the mechanistic finding demonstrated that initial aldol‐condensation of ketones to a β, β‐disubstituted α, β‐unsaturated ketone, which further isomerizes to a β, γ‐ unsaturated ketone via η3‐allyl ruthenium complex.
Research Progress in Liquid Phase Growth of GaN Crystals
Authors: Sun Defu , Liu Lei , Wang Guodong , Yu Jiaoxian , Li Qiubo , Tian Ge , Wang Benfa , Xu Xiangang , Zhang Lei , Wang Shouzhi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs a wide band gap semiconductor, gallium nitride (GaN) has high breakdown voltage, excellent structural stability and mechanical properties, giving it unique advantages in applications such as high frequency, high power, and high temperature. As a result, it has broad application prospects in optoelectronics and microelectronics. However, the lack of high‐quality, large‐size GaN crystal substrates severely limit the improvement of electronic device performance. To solve this problem, liquid phase growth of GaN has attracted much attention because it can produce higher quality GaN crystals compared to traditional vapor phase growth methods. This review introduces two main methods of liquid phase growth of GaN: the flux method and ammonothermal method, as well as their advantages and challenges. It reviews the research history and recent advances of these two methods, including the effects of different solvents and mineralizers on the growth quality and performance of GaN crystals, as well as various technical improvements. This review aims to outline the principles, characteristics, and development trends of liquid phase growth of GaN, to provide more inspiration for future research on liquid phase growth, and to achieve further breakthroughs in its development and commercial application.
Myosin 1e deficiency affects migration of 4T1 breast cancer cells
Authors: Garone Michael E. , Chase Sharon E. , Zhang Chunling , Krendel Mira 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMetastasis of breast cancer cells to distant tissue sites is responsible for the majority of deaths associated with breast cancer. Previously we have examined the role of class I myosin motor protein, myosin 1e (myo1e), in cancer metastasis using the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus‐Polyoma Middle T Antigen (MMTV‐PyMT) mouse model. Mice deficient in myo1e formed tumors with a more differentiated phenotype relative to the wild‐type mice and formed no detectable lung metastases. In the current study, we investigated how the absence of myo1e affects cell migration and invasion in vitro, using the highly invasive and migratory breast cancer cell line, 4T1. 4T1 cells deficient in myo1e exhibited an altered morphology and slower rates of migration in the wound‐healing and transwell migration assays compared to the WT 4T1 cells. While integrin trafficking and Golgi reorientation did not appear to be altered upon myo1e loss, we observed lower rates of focal adhesion disassembly in myo1e‐deficient cells, which could help explain the cell migration defect.
Data‐driven optimization of version 9 American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for anal cancer
Authors: Janczewski Lauren M. , Browner Amanda , Cotler Joseph , Nelson Heidi , Ballman Karla V. , LeBlanc Michael , Gollub Marc J. , Eng Cathy , Brierley James D. , Palefsky Joel M. , Goldberg Richard M. , Goodman Karyn A. , Washington M. Kay , Asare Elliot A. , Palis Bryan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system undergoes periodic revisions to maintain contemporary survival outcomes related to stage. Recently, the AJCC has developed a novel, systematic approach incorporating survival data to refine stage groupings. The objective of this study was to demonstrate data‐driven optimization of the version 9 AJCC staging system for anal cancer assessed through a defined validation approach.METHODSThe National Cancer Database was queried for patients diagnosed with anal cancer in 2012 through 2017. Kaplan–Meier methods analyzed 5‐year survival by individual clinical T category, N category, M category, and overall stage. Cox proportional hazards models validated overall survival of the revised TNM stage groupings.RESULTSOverall, 24,328 cases of anal cancer were included. Evaluation of the 8th edition AJCC stage groups demonstrated a lack of hierarchical prognostic order. Survival at 5 years for stage I was 84.4%, 77.4% for stage IIA, and 63.7% for stage IIB; however, stage IIIA disease demonstrated a 73.0% survival, followed by 58.4% for stage IIIB, 59.9% for stage IIIC, and 22.5% for stage IV (p <.001). Thus, stage IIB was redefined as T1‐2N1M0, whereas Stage IIIA was redefined as T3N0‐1M0. Reevaluation of 5‐year survival based on data‐informed stage groupings now demonstrates hierarchical prognostic order and validated via Cox proportional hazards models.CONCLUSIONThe 8th edition AJCC survival data demonstrated a lack of hierarchical prognostic order and informed revised stage groupings in the version 9 AJCC staging system for anal cancer. Thus, a validated data‐driven optimization approach can be implemented for staging revisions across all disease sites moving forward.
Grb7 knockout mice develop normally but litters born to knockout females fail to thrive
Authors: Lofgren Kristopher A. , Kenny Paraic A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundGrowth factor receptor‐bound 7 (Grb7) is an adaptor protein involved in signal transduction downstream of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, including ERBB, FGFR, and PDGFR pathways. Experimental studies have implicated Grb7 in regulating cell proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion through its large repertoire of protein–protein interactions.ResultsHere, we describe the generation and characterization of a Grb7 knockout mouse. These mice are viable and fertile. A lacZ knock‐in reporter was used to visualize Grb7 promoter activity patterns in adult tissues, indicating widespread Grb7 expression in glandular epithelium, the central nervous system, and other tissues. The sole defect observed in these animals was a failure of Grb7 knockout females to successfully raise pups to weaning age, a phenotype that was independent of both paternal and pup genotypes.ConclusionsThese data suggest a regulatory role for Grb7 in mammary lactational physiology.