bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposal of nonlinear stability indices of power swing oscillation in a multimachine power system
Authors: Amano Hiroyuki , Kumano Teruhisa , Inoue Toshio , Taniguchi Haruhito 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we propose new nonlinear stability indices for multimode oscillations in power systems by using normal form analysis. One of the indices indicates the characteristics of damping factor with regard to its amplitude change, and the other indicates the stability region for each oscillation mode. We could obtain more detailed information on the stability of power system by using the proposed indices together with eigenvalues in comparison with eigenvalue analysis. We show the validity of the proposed indices by numerical simulation in a multimachine power system. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(4): 16–24, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20070
Bilateral cortical representation of the trunk midline in human first somatic sensory area
Authors: Fabri Mara , Polonara Gabriele , Salvolini Ugo , Manzoni Tullio 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe cortical representation of the trunk zone in the human first somatosensory area was studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to establish whether the cutaneous regions close to the midline are represented in this area of both hemispheres. Cortical activation foci evoked by unilateral tactile stimulation of ventral trunk regions were detected in the postcentral gyrus of the contralateral hemisphere slightly medial to or just behind the omega‐shaped region of the central sulcus and in the anterior bank of the postcentral sulcus. These regions probably correspond to the trunk ventral midline representation zones of areas 3a–3b and 1–2, respectively. Stimulation of cutaneous regions adjacent to the midline evoked activation foci also in the ipsilateral postcentral gyrus in regions symmetrical to those activated in the contralateral hemisphere. These data demonstrate that in humans, as in nonhuman primates, the cutaneous regions adjacent to the trunk midline are represented bilaterally in the first somatic sensory cortex. Whether the ipsilateral activation depends on callosal or extracallosal inputs remains to be elucidated. Hum Brain Mapping, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organization of transcriptional regulatory machinery in osteoclast nuclei: Compartmentalization of Runx1
Authors: Saltman Laura H. , Javed Amjad , Ribadeneyra John , Hussain Sadiq , Young Daniel W. , Osdoby Philip , Amcheslavsky Alla , van Wijnen Andre J. , Stein Janet L. , Stein Gary S. , Lian Jane B. , Bar‐Shavit Zvi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe osteoclast is a highly polarized multinucleated cell that resorbs bone. Using high resolution immunofluorescence microscopy, we demonstrated that all nuclei of an osteoclast are transcriptionally active. Each nucleus within the osteoclast contains punctately organized microenvironments where regulatory complexes that support transcriptional and post‐transcriptional control reside. Functional equivalency of osteoclast nuclei is reflected by similar representation of regulatory proteins that support ribosomal RNA synthesis (nucleolin), mRNA transcription (RNA polymerase II, bromouridine triphosphate), processing of gene transcripts (SC35), signal transduction (NF‐κB), and phenotypic gene expression (Runx1). Our results establish that gene regulatory machinery is architecturally associated and compartmentalized within intranuclear microenvironments of the multiple nuclei of osteoclasts to support physiologically responsive modifications in cellular structural and functional properties. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Caspase‐3/7 inhibition alters cell morphology in mitomycin‐c treated chondrocytes
Authors: Clements Kristen M. , Burton‐Wurster Nancy , Nuttall Mark E. , Lust George 
Published: April 2005

AbstractApoptosis may play a role in osteoarthritis (OA). Apoptosis can proceed via two different pathways depending on the stimulus. However, both pathways converge upon the effector caspases, caspases‐3 and ‐7. In some systems inhibition of caspases‐3 and ‐7 can prevent apoptosis and may therefore have important therapeutic implications. To confirm this, apoptosis was induced in canine chondrocytes with mitomycin‐c (MMC), either in the presence or absence of the general caspase inhibitor, Z‐VAD FMK, or a specific caspase‐3/7 inhibitor. Z‐VAD FMK prevented MMC induced cell death. In contrast, inhibition of caspases‐3 and ‐7 in the presence of MMC induced morphological changes that could be described as necrotic‐like or paraptotic‐like but did not prevent cell death. The addition of an inhibitor of caspase‐8 or caspase‐9 along with inhibitor of caspase‐3/7 was required to reduce cell death. The morphological changes did not occur in the presence of the caspase‐3/7 inhibitor alone and could be prevented by addition of Z‐VAD FMK. These data lead to the conclusion that, if the apoptotic program cannot be completed, the cells are pushed into a necrotic or other nonapoptotic mode of death which may involve caspase‐8 and/or caspase‐9. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation on the role of cell transcriptional factor Sp1 and HIV‐1 TAT protein in PML onset or development
Authors: Mischitelli M. , Fioriti D. , Videtta M. , Degener A.M. , Antinori A. , Cinque P. , Giordano A. , Pietropaolo V. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractJC virus (JCV) causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), characterized by multiple areas of demyelination and attendant loss of brain function. PML is often associated with immunodepression and it is significantly frequent in AIDS patients. The viral genome is divided into early and late genes, between which lies a non‐coding control region (NCCR) that regulates JCV replication and presents a great genetic variability. The NCCR of JCV archetype (CY strain) is divided into six regions: A–F containing binding sites for cell factors involved in viral transcription. Deletions and enhancements of these binding sites characterize JCV variants, which could promote viral gene expression and could be more suitable for the onset or development of PML. Therefore, we evaluated by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the presence of JCV genome in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of HIV positive and negative subjects both with PML and after sequencing, we analyzed the viral variants found focusing on Sp1 binding sites (box B and D) and up‐TAR sequence (box C). It is known that Sp1 activates JCV early promoter and can contribute in maintaining methylation‐free CpG islands in active genes, while up‐TAR sequence is important for HIV‐1 Tat stimulation of JCV late promoter. Our results showed that in HIV‐positive subjects all NCCR structures presented enhancements of up‐TAR element, whereas in HIV‐negative subjects both Sp1 binding sites were always retained. Therefore, we can support the synergism HIV‐1/JCV in CNS and we can hypothesize that both Sp1 binding sites could be important to complete JCV replication cycle in absence of HIV‐coinfection. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cross‐fostering in Macropus eugenii leads to increased weight but not accelerated gastrointestinal maturation
Authors: Waite Rosemary , Giraud Andrew , Old Julie , Howlett Meegan , Shaw Geoffrey , Nicholas Kevin , Familari Mary 
Published: April 2005

AbstractStomach and small intestine development was characterized in tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) pouch young (PY) using both morphological and immunohistological criteria. At birth, the stomach is undeveloped in comparison to the well‐developed intestinal mucosa. The stomach maintains a uniform morphology in both the forestomach and hindstomach regions until the specialization of cardiac and gastric glands are seen at PY170. Parietal cells, found throughout the mucosa are downregulated in the forestomach as cardiac glandular stomach is developing prior to the transition of the offspring to a diet that includes herbage. In the small intestine, mature‐type villi are present at birth but the muscularis externa is immature and undergoes significant development around PY120 onwards. We investigated the effects of changes in maternal milk on gut development in the tammar wallaby using a cross fostering approach that provided younger pouch young with older stage milk. Younger PY (average age 67 days postpartum, n=5) were transferred onto teats vacated by older stage PY (average age 100 days postpartum, n=6) for 34 days before gut development was assessed. In addition milk analysis was performed before and after fostering events. Cross‐fostered PY animals receiving older stage milk were found to be 31% heavier than controls. There was no difference between carbohydrate and protein concentrations however, fostered PY milk had a higher concentration of lipid than that of controls that may have contributed to heavier fostered PY. No difference was found in stomach or small intestine development between these groups using the criteria employed in this study. J. Exp. Zool. 303A:331–344, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic pudendal nerve neuromodulation in women with idiopathic refractory detrusor overactivity incontinence: Results of a pilot study with a novel minimally invasive implantable mini‐stimulator
Authors: Groen Jan , Amiel Christophe , Bosch J.L.H. Ruud 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAimsTo assess the results of chronic pudendal nerve neuromodulation with a novel technique in a pilot study on women with idiopathic refractory detrusor overactivity incontinence.Materials and MethodsA percutaneous screening test (PST) was performed in patients with urodynamically demonstrated detrusor overactivity incontinence. Such a test includes the performance of a cystometrogram without and with percutaneous pudendal nerve stimulation and is considered positive if stimulation results in a more than 50% increase in the bladder volume at the first involuntary detrusor contraction or the maximum cystometric capacity. Patients with a positive PST qualified for the implantation of a mini‐neurostimulator with an integrated electrode, a so‐called bion®, adjacent to the pudendal nerve at Alcock's Canal. Five‐day voiding‐incontinence diaries were the main tool for the evaluation of therapy.ResultsA PST was performed in 14 women. Six patients responded positively and received a bion. The degree of incontinence decreased significantly in this group, which also included patients in whom sacral neuromodulation had failed. There were no severe adverse events.ConclusionsChronic pudendal nerve stimulation may reduce the degree of detrusor overactivity incontinence, even in patients in whom sacral neuromodulation fails. Bion therapy is relatively simple and minimally invasive and is well tolerated by the patient. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calciphylaxis: A Rare Complication of Patients Who Required Parathyroidectomy for Advanced Renal Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Matstusoka Susumu , Tominaga Yoshihiro , Uno Nobuaki , Goto Norihiko , Sato Tetsuhiko , Katayama Akio , Haba Toshihito , Uchida Kazuharu , Kobayashi Keiko , Nakao Akimasa 
Published: April 2005

AbstractCalciphylaxis is a relatively rare but life‐threatening complication in uremic patients. Clinical findings and prognosis were evaluated in six patients who developed calciphylaxis from a group of 1499 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy (PTx) for advanced renal hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in our department from July 1972 to July 2003. The frequency of calciphylaxis was 0.40% (6/1499). Two patients were women and four were men. The mean age was 50.5 years, and the mean duration of hemodialysis (HD) treatment was 14.0 years. In five of six patients, calciphylaxis was classified as distal type; in one case, as proximal type. In three patients, calciphylaxis was diagnosed at the time for PTx. In two patients, calciphylaxis was identified after PTx, although the serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was within the appropriate range for dialysis patients. In two patients, calciphylaxis improved after PTx, but two patients required leg and toe amputations after PTx. In one patient with the proximal type of calciphylaxis, the condition occurred when a high PTH level recurred after the initial PTx. The patient died as a result of a serious infection due to uncontrollable skin ulcers. Calciphylaxis is a rare complication in patients who require PTx for renal HPT. Especially the proximal type has a poor prognosis. High levels of the Ca × P product and/or PTH are risk factors. Therefore, this syndrome should be kept in mind and attention should be paid to reduce risk factors. It is important that PTx being performed at the right time in patients with advanced renal HPT refractory to medical treatment.
Management of Ascites after Radical Surgery in Gastric Cancer Patients With Liver Cirrhosis and Minimal Hepatic Dysfunction
Authors: Ryu Keun Won , Lee Jun Ho , Kim Young Woo , Park Joong‐Won , Bae Jae‐Moon 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA radical lymph node dissection is important for the cure of gastric cancer. However, such a procedure in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) could develop serious complications such as massive ascites. To determine the management of postoperative ascites, 26 gastric cancer patients with LC were reviewed retrospectively. Child‐Pugh status was grade A in all 26 patients. Thirteen (50%) patients had advanced gastric cancer, and a D2 lymph nodes dissection was performed in 25 (96.2%) patients. The mean number of dissected lymph nodes was 33 ± 11 (range: 11–54). An abdominal closed suction drain was placed in 12 (46.2%) patients, and the average amount of fluid drainage was 463 ml/day. The drainage tube was removed on about the eleventh postoperative day (range: day 6 to day 13), and diuretics were used in 8 (30.8%) patients. A paracentesis was needed in one patient but no postoperative surgical morbidity or mortality was observed. Therefore, an extended lymph node dissection is safe in gastric cancer patients with mild hepatic dysfunction. Liver cirrhosis and postoperative ascites can be managed conservatively without any complications.
Parathyroid Autotransplantation during Total Thyroidectomy—Does the Number of Glands Transplanted Affect Outcome?
Authors: Palazzo F. Fausto , Sywak Mark S. , Sidhu Stan B. , Barraclough Bruce H. , Delbridge Leigh W. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractParathyroid autotransplantation is a technique for ensuring the continued function of parathyroid tissue at the time of total thyroidectomy (TT). The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the number of parathyroids transplanted affects the incidence of temporary and permanent hypoparathyroidism. A retrospective cohort study included all patients undergoing a TT in a single unit between July 1998 and June 2003. The number of parathyroids transplanted, the final pathology, and the incidence of temporary and permanent hypoparathyroidism were documented. Fisher’s exact test was used for statistical analysis. A total of 1196 patients underwent a TT during the 5 years studied. Of these, 306 (25.6%) had no parathyroids transplanted, 650 (54.3%), 206 (17.2%), 34 (2.8%) had 1,2, or 3 glands autotransplanted, respectively. The incidence of temporary hypoparathyroidism was 9.8% for no gland transplants, 11.9%, 15.1%, and 31.4% for 1,2,and 3 gland transplants, respectively (p < 0.05). The incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism was 0.98%, 0.77%, 0.97%, and 0%, respectively (p = NS). The incidence of temporary hypoparathyroidism was higher when surgery was performed for Graves’ disease. Temporary hypocalcemia is closely related to the number of autotransplanted parathyroids during TT. The long‐term outcome is not affected by the number of parathyroids autotransplanted. A “ready selective” approach to parathyroid autotransplantation is an effective strategy for minimizing the rate of permanent hypoparathyroidism.
How to Appraise a Diagnostic Test
Authors: Bhandari Mohit , Guyatt Gordon H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractClinicians frequently confront challenges when using diagnostic tests to help them decide whether the patient before them suffers from a particular target condition or diagnosis. The primary issues to consider when determining the validity of a diagnostic test study are how the authors assembled the patients and whether they used an appropriate reference standard in all patients to determine whether the patients did or did not have the target condition. Surgeons should be interested in the characteristics of the test that indicates the direction and magnitude of change in the probability of the target condition associated with a particular test result. The likelihood ratio best captures the link between the pretest probability of the target condition and the probability after the test results are obtained (also called the posttest probability). Many studies, however, present the properties of diagnostic tests in less clinically useful terms: sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity denotes the proportion of people with the disorder in whom the test result is positive. Specificity denotes the proportion of people without the disorder in whom the test result is negative. Application of the guides presented in this article can allow surgeons to assess critically studies regarding a diagnostic test.
Compound Management and Enhancement Activities in AstraZeneca
Authors: Provis Judith 
Published: April 2005

The merger between Astra AB (Sweden) and Zeneca Group PLC (U.K.) to form AstraZeneca in April 1999 placed considerable demands on the compound management capabilities within the merged company. A strategy was developed and implemented to ensure that the compound management infrastructure fully underpinned current and future drug discovery processes. This overview of compound management within AstraZeneca includes the premerger capabilities, the postmerger activities, and key elements of the AstraZeneca strategy that led to the new fully operational and automated compound management facility at Alderley Park. The tools in place will allow the technologies to change in the various downstream activities with sufficient flexibility to adapt to new demands. New screening strategies are now enabled, whether materials are chosen as selected sets, by rational theories, better use of the big screening capability, or to support difficult targets and assays; the choice is there for the discovery scientists to now exploit.
A GIS‐based agro‐ecological decision system based on gridded climatology
Authors: Tveito Ole Einar , Bjørdal Inge , Skjelvåg Arne Oddvar , Aune Bjørn 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe introduction of GIS has opened up new possibilities in combining different sources of geographical information. In Norway, an agro‐meteorological decision system is under development which combines gridded weather information with soil and crop development data. The system is based on a daily scale soil moisture model driven by meteorological inputs. Weather information is based on in‐situ observations, and spatial interpolation schemes are used to establish fine‐mesh grids of these variables over the model domain. These interpolation schemes take advantage of geographical co‐variables such as terrain information. The soil moisture model is used to estimate the soil water content, which is the determinant of soil suitability for tillage and sowing. The system also includes a phenological model for identification of suitable days when combine‐harvesting of cereals can be satisfactorily undertaken.Spatial interpolation of the meteorological elements is based upon all available in‐situ observations. The different elements are interpolated by different interpolation techniques. Snow depth, cloud cover, relative humidity and wind are in this first version, interpolated by using inverse distance weighting. Precipitation is determined by triangulation with elevation adjustment. Temperature is interpolated by using a residual kriging approach that includes five independent predictors in the trend equation. Evaporation is estimated by using the Penman2 formula based on the estimates of the meteorological elements.This approach is a good demonstration of the benefits of applying GIS and distributed geo‐data in cross‐disciplinary situations. The application is a valuable contribution to soil capability assessments. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
Cesarean section: Is pretransfusion testing for red cell alloantibodies necessary?
Authors: Larsen Rune , Titlestad Kjell , Lillevang Søren Thue , Thomsen Sten Grove , Kidholm Kristian , Georgsen Jørgen 
Published: April 2005

Background.  Routine pretransfusion testing for red cell alloantibodies (RBCab) in cesarean patients is standard practice in many obstetric centers. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of this test.Method.  A retrospective study was conducted using computerized registers to extract data on blood transfusions and the occurrence of RBCab in cesarean patients.Results.  A total of 4434 admissions for cesarean section were identified. Only 10 patients (0.23%) had clinically significant RBCab, which had not been previously detected. Blood transfusions were required in relation to 147 cesarean sections (3.3%). A number of preoperative conditions, traditionally believed to be risk factors for preoperative and postpartum hemorrhage, occurred more frequently in transfused patients than in nontransfused. The probability of a cesarean patient having a previously undetected clinically significant RBCab and receiving a blood transfusion during admission for delivery was estimated to be 9.0 × 10−5 (1 in 11 050 cesarean sections). Analyses of the time relationships between cesarean sections and initiation of blood transfusions indicated that most often there would be enough time for postoperative antibody screening and/or cross matching if the routine pretransfusion testing was omitted.Conclusion.  These findings suggest that routine pretransfusion testing in cesarean patients can be omitted.
Emergency cesarean delivery in induction of labor: an evaluation of risk factors
Authors: Cnattingius Ragnhild , Höglund Berit , Kieler Helle 
Published: April 2005

Background.  Induction of labor has been associated with an increased risk of emergency cesarean delivery. Knowledge of factors that influence the risk of cesarean delivery in women with induced labor is limited.Methods.  We performed a case–control study, nested within a population‐based cohort of women with induced labor at term during 1991–1996 in Uppsala County, Sweden. Cases were women delivered with emergency cesarean delivery, and controls were women vaginally delivered (n = 193, respectively). Using logistic regression, analyses were performed. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used as a measure of relative risk.Results.  Women with a previous cesarean delivery had high risks of cesarean delivery (adjusted OR = 10.10, 95% CI = 3.30–30.92). The risk of cesarean delivery was also increased among nulliparous (adjusted OR = 4.92, 95% CI = 2.81–8.61), short (adjusted OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.06–4.59), and obese women (adjusted OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.07–3.84). A cervix dilatation less than 1.5 cm doubled the risk of cesarean delivery (adjusted OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.09–4.66). Mother's age, epidural analgesia, oxytocin augmentation, gestational age, and birthweight were not significantly associated with risks of cesarean delivery.Conclusions.  Women with a previous cesarean delivery, nulliparous, short, and obese women with induced labor are at high risk of a cesarean delivery. When there is a need to deliver a woman with a previous cesarean section or a nulliparous woman with other risk factors for cesarean delivery, it may be prudent to consider an elective cesarean section.