bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual sentiment analysis with semantic correlation enhancement
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liu Yanan , Xiong Zhaoyu , Wu Zhichao , Xu Dan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVisual sentiment analysis is in great demand as it provides a computational method to recognize sentiment information in abundant visual contents from social media sites. Most of existing methods use CNNs to extract varying visual attributes for image sentiment prediction, but they failed to comprehensively consider the correlation among visual components, and are limited by the receptive field of convolutional layers as a result. In this work, we propose a visual semantic correlation network VSCNet, a Transformer-based visual sentiment prediction model. Precisely, global visual features are captured through an extended attention network stacked by a well-designed extended attention mechanism like Transformer. An off-the-shelf object query tool is used to determine the local candidates of potential affective regions, by which redundant and noisy visual proposals are filtered out. All candidates considered affective are embedded into a computable semantic space. Finally, a fusion strategy integrates semantic representations and visual features for sentiment analysis. Extensive experiments reveal that our method outperforms previous studies on 5 annotated public image sentiment datasets without any training tricks. More specifically, it achieves 1.8% higher accuracy on FI benchmark compared with other state-of-the-art methods.
Ein unruhiges Land: Sachsen und seine labile demokratische Kultur
Authors: Vorländer Hans , Herold Maik 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungSachsen stand in den vergangenen Jahren immer wieder im Fokus der Öffentlichkeit. Aufmärsche von Neonazis und ‚Wutbürgern‘, Wahlerfolge von NPD und AfD sowie stetige Protestereignisse ließen das Bundesland als eine Hochburg von Ressentiment, Populismus und Demokratieverdruss erscheinen. Dabei zeigen Studien, dass Sachsen innerhalb Ostdeutschlands und Europas keine grundsätzliche Sonderstellung zufällt, gar stärker von regionalen Unterschieden im Inneren geprägt ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund analysiert der Beitrag die Einstellungen zur Demokratie in Sachsen, indem er Zufriedenheit, Vertrauen sowie damit verbundene Wertungen herausarbeitet und mit zentralen Erklärungsfaktoren zusammenbringt. Die Grundlage dafür bilden aktuelle Datenbestände zur politischen Kultur Sachsens, welche im Rahmen des Sachsen Monitors 2021/22 und der CoviSax-Erhebung des Mercator Forums Migration und Demokratie (MIDEM) gewonnen wurden. Dabei zeigen sich die demokratiebezogenen Einstellungen in Sachsen stark von subjektiven Deprivationserfahrungen abhängig – von Gefühlen einer mangelnden politischen Selbstwirksamkeit, eines drohenden sozialen Abstiegs und einer kulturellen Bevormundung, die nicht zuletzt mit biographischen Erfahrungen im Zuge der Transformation begründet werden. Auch der in Sachsen weit verbreitete Wunsch nach einer ‚direktdemokratischen‘ Umgestaltung der bestehenden Ordnung wird von einer damit verbundenen Unzufriedenheit mit bestehenden repräsentativen Willensbildungs- und Entscheidungsprozessen getragen. Starke Formen ethnozentrischer Selbstbezogenheit, extremistische Orientierungen aber auch sozialräumliche Besonderheiten verstärken bestehende demokratiekritische Tendenzen, wobei nicht etwa die Großstädte mit ihren sozialen Brennpunkten oder die ländlichen Regionen mit ihren stärker durch Religionsgemeinschaften vermittelten Sozialisationen, sondern die sogenannten ‚Mittelzentren‘ sich besonders auffällig zeigen.
Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles During the Process of Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated with As and Pb Cultivated with Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Pérez-Hernández Hermes , Pérez-Moreno Andrea Yakelín , Méndez-López Alonso , Fernández-Luqueño Fabián 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUrbanization and industrialization have caused the production of pollutants in the soil, water, and air systems, negatively influencing plants, animals, humans, and the ecosystem. Heavy metals, such as arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), and nickel (Ni), affect the development of organisms. In this study, as a novel alternative, the performance of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in sunflower plant growth (Helianthus annuus L.) and the decontamination of soils with As and Pb was investigated. For this purpose, in natural soil contaminated with As (0.02 mg kg of dry soil) and Pb (0.2 mg/kg of dry soil), sunflower plants were allowed to grow in pots for 25, 35, and 45 days after emergence. Morphological parameters were measured for the plants. The stems, leaves, and roots were dried (80 °C), ground, and finally, mineral analysis was performed by plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP). ZnO NPs were applied to the soil at two concentrations (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg) and the control. ZnO NPs application resulted in plant growth and root length 25 days after emergence (DAE). The interaction between ZnO NPs and metals significantly negatively affected the variable root length. The roots, stems, and leaves accumulated metals at 25 and 45 DAE. Bioconcentration (BCF) and translocation (TF) factors were higher in Zn at 45 DAE. The phytoextraction by H. annuus assisted with ZnO NPs helps remediate polluted soils, potentiating the plant's hyperaccumulation characteristics. The results of this experiment offer basic information on the interaction of ZnO NPs in the phytoremediation process of soil contaminated with heavy metals. However, it is crucial to know the potential of NPs in soils with higher concentrations of contaminants in the soil, which we consider one of the limitations of this work, using low concentrations of heavy metals. Therefore, more research is required to corroborate the effectiveness of ZnO NPs in soils contaminated with Pb and Zn during the phytoremediation process with sunflower plants.
Graphical Abstract
Video-based classroom insights: Promoting self-regulated learning in the context of teachers’ professional competences and students’ skills in self-regulated learning
Authors: Rosenthal Amina , Hirt Carmen Nadja , Eberli Tabea Daria , Jud Johannes , Karlen Yves 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite the significance of self-regulated learning as an important educational goal, teachers face difficulties in fostering students’ skills in self-regulated learning (SRL). Teachers exhibit variability in their capacity to foster SRL. There is no guarantee that students consistently benefit from their teachers’ promotion of SRL. This study aims to address this issue by examining (1) how teachers promote SRL, (2) the relationship between teachers’ professional competences and their promotion of SRL, and (3) the association between teachers’ promotion of SRL and students’ SRL. Data from N = 54 teachers and their N = 823 lower secondary school students were analysed using online questionnaires, knowledge tests, and video recordings. The analysed video data reveals that teachers foster SRL predominantly implicitly, invest most of the time in promoting metacognitive strategies and primarily design learning environments that foster student support. Overall, only a few significant correlations were found between teachers’ professional competences and their promotion of SRL. Further, the results indicate no clear correlation pattern between teachers’ promotion and students’ skills in SRL. Further research should shed more light on the relationship between teachers’ promotion of SRL and students’ SRL to better understand whether and how they might be related.
Bullying among children with heart conditions, National Survey of Children’s Health, 2018–2020
Authors: Wright Brittany N. , Glidewell M. Jill , Downing Karrie F. , Vagi Kevin J. , Fundora Michael P. , Farr Sherry L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChildren with chronic illnesses report being bullied by peers, yet little is known about bullying among children with heart conditions. Using 2018–2020 National Survey of Children’s Health data, the prevalence and frequency of being bullied in the past year (never; annually or monthly; weekly or daily) were compared between children aged 6–17 years with and without heart conditions. Among children with heart conditions, associations between demographic and health characteristics and being bullied, and prevalence of diagnosed anxiety or depression by bullying status were examined. Differences were assessed with chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression using predicted marginals to produce adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Weights yielded national estimates. Of 69,428 children, 2.2% had heart conditions. Children with heart conditions, compared to those without, were more likely to be bullied (56.3% and 43.3% respectively; adjusted prevalence ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.3 [1.2, 1.4]) and bullied more frequently (weekly or daily = 11.2% and 5.3%; p < 0.001). Among children with heart conditions, characteristics associated with greater odds of weekly or daily bullying included ages 9–11 years compared to 15–17 years (3.4 [2.0, 5.7]), other genetic or inherited condition (1.7 [1.0, 3.0]), ever overweight (1.7 [1.0, 2.8]), and a functional limitation (4.8 [2.7, 8.5]). Children with heart conditions who were bullied, compared to never, more commonly had anxiety (40.1%, 25.9%, and 12.8%, respectively) and depression (18.0%, 9.3%, and 4.7%; p < 0.01 for both). Findings highlight the social and psychological needs of children with heart conditions.
Petrological Evolution and Mass Redistribution in Basaltic Fault Zones: An Example From the Faroe Islands, North Atlantic Igneous Province
Authors: Bamberg Bob , Reichow Marc K. , Walker Richard J. , Ougier‐Simonin Audrey 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFault rock petrology exerts an important influence on the permeability structure and mechanical properties of fault zones. Slip‐related deformation on upper‐crustal faults in basaltic rocks is closely associated with fluid‐rock interaction, altering the distribution of physical properties within the fault. Here, we present quantitative descriptions of the geochemical and petrological evolution of basalt‐derived fault rocks from three passively exhumed fault zones in the Faroe Islands. Fault‐rock petrology is determined by optical petrography and automated phase identification based on micrometer‐scale chemical maps from scanning electron microscope X‐ray spectroscopy. Geochemical evolution is assessed from major and trace element composition measured by X‐ray fluorescence. The fault rocks show intense fluid‐mediated alteration from a tholeiitic basalt protolith in the damage zones, and mechanical mixing in the fault cores. Pervasive alteration occurs early during fault zone evolution, with incipient fault damage increasing permeability and allowing along‐fault percolation of carbonated meteoric water, increasing fluid‐rock ratios. Our results suggest that the only mobile species within the fault zones are Ca, Si, and Al, which are leached during the hydrolysis of volcanic glass and plagioclase, and CO2, which is added by percolating waters. These species are transported from the damage zones into the fault cores, where they precipitate as zeolite and calcite cement in veins and hydrothermal breccias. We propose that solutes are replenished by cement dissolution through pressure‐solution during cataclastic creep, during repeated cycles of hydrofracture and cementation. The fault zones are natural reactors for fluid‐mediated alteration by CO2 and water, while other species are redistributed within the fault zones.
Deep Convection as the Key to the Transition From Eocene to Modern Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Authors: Xing Qianjiang , Klocker Andreas , Munday David , Whittaker Joanne 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFrom the Eocene (∼50 million years ago) to today, Southern Ocean circulation has evolved from the existence of two ocean gyres to the dominance of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). It has generally been thought that the opening of Southern Ocean gateways in the late Eocene, in addition to the alignment of westerly winds with these gateways or the presence of the Antarctic ice sheet, was a sufficient requirement for the transition to an ACC of similar strength to its modern equivalent. Nevertheless, models representing these changes produce a much weaker ACC. Here we show, using an eddying ocean model, that the missing ingredient in the transition to a modern ACC is deep convection around the Antarctic continent. This deep convection is caused by cold temperatures and high salinities due to sea‐ice production around the Antarctic continent, leading to both the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water and a modern‐strength ACC.
A New Atmospheric Background State to Diagnose Local Waveguidability
Authors: Polster Christopher , Wirth Volkmar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA new procedure to obtain a longitudinally varying and slowly evolving atmospheric background state for the analysis of Rossby waveguides is described and discussed. The procedure is a rolling zonalization scheme, redistributing Ertel potential vorticity in a moving window to separate waves from the background. Waveguides are subsequently diagnosed from the gradient of the logarithm of potential vorticity. The effectiveness of the wave‐background separation, even in large‐amplitude conditions, is illustrated with reanalysis data. Established climatological‐mean waveguide structures are recovered from the rolling‐zonalized state in the limit of long‐term aggregation. Two contrasting episodes of Rossby wave packet propagation demonstrate how the evolution of waveguides derived from rolling zonalization can correspond to the development of superposed wave packets. The ability of the procedure to work with snapshots of the atmosphere provides new opportunities for waveguide research.
Increased Uncertainty in Projections of Precipitation and Evaporation Due To Wet‐Get‐Wetter/Dry‐Get‐Drier Biases
Authors: Adam Ori , Shourky Wolff Maya , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Byrne Michael P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA key implication of the well known wet‐get‐wetter/dry‐get‐drier (WGW) scaling is that model biases in the representation of precipitation and evaporation in the present climate lead to spurious projected changes under global warming. Here we estimate the extent of such spurious changes in projections by 60 models participating in phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Utilizing known thermodynamic constraints on evaporation, we show that the WGW scaling can be applied to precipitation and evaporation separately (specific WGW scaling), which we use to correct for spurious projected changes in precipitation and evaporation over tropical oceans. The spurious changes in precipitation can be of comparable amplitude to projected changes, but are generally small for evaporation. The spurious changes may increase the uncertainty in projections of tropical precipitation and evaporation by up to 30% and 15% respectively.
Surface Salinity Changes of the Tropical and Subtropical Oceans Since 1970 and Their Relationship With Surface Freshwater Fluxes
Authors: Ge Kai , Li Yuanlong , Lyu Yilong , Lin Pengfei , Cheng Lijing , Wang Fan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSea surface salinity (SSS) has shown a broad‐scale trend pattern of “salty gets saltier, fresh gets fresher” during the past decades, in line with changes in surface freshwater fluxes (FWFs). Yet, regional SSS changes and their relationship with FWFs are more complex and less appreciated, causing uncertainties in understanding the link between ocean salinity and the global water cycle. Based on the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model, we simulated the observed trends of tropical freshening and subtropical salinification since 1970 and gained insight into underlying processes through sensitivity experiments. Albeit with regional differences, changes in precipitation rate are the leading driver for SSS trends in most parts of the tropical and subtropical oceans, with a contribution of typically >60% in six selected regions. The roles of wind‐driven ocean dynamics and evaporation are secondary, contributing by <20% and <30%, respectively. Our results also suggest notable regional contrasts in the SSS‐FWF relationship. Particularly, many regions within the 10°–20° bands show opposite trends in SSS and FWF. Both the climatological and perturbed circulations are essential in this regionality. Specifically, the poleward Ekman transports driven by tropical trade winds act to broaden the SSS‐freshening regions generated by increased tropical rainfall; wind‐driven alterations in the geostrophic circulation cause SSS advection across zonal salinity gradients. These processes drive SSS changes that are opposite in sign to local FWF changes and complicate the regional SSS‐FWF relationship in the long‐term change since 1970.
River Damming Impacts on Fish Habitat and Associated Conservation Measures
Authors: Chen Qiuwen , Li Qinyuan , Lin Yuqing , Zhang Jianyun , Xia Jun , Ni Jinren , Cooke Steven J. , Best Jim , He Shufeng , Feng Tao , Chen Yuchen , Tonina Daniele , Benjankar Rohan , Birk Sebastian , Fleischmann Ayan Santos , Yan Hanlu , Tang Lei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRiver damming has brought great benefits to flood mitigation, energy and food production, and will continue to play a significant role in global energy supply, particularly in Asia, Africa, and South America. However, dams have extensively altered global river dynamics, including riverine connectivity, hydrological, thermal, sediment and solute regimes, and the channel morphology. These alterations have detrimental effects on the quality and quantity of fish habitat and associated impacts on aquatic life. Indeed, dams have been implicated in the decline of numerous fishes, emphasizing the need for effective conservation measures. Here, we present a global synthesis of critical issues concerning the impacts of river damming on physical fish habitats, with a particular focus on key fish species across continents. We also consider current fish conservation measures and their applicability in different contexts. Finally, we identify future research needs. The information presented herein will help support sustainable dam operation under the constraints of future climate change and human needs.
Topside Electron Density Modeling Using Neural Network and Empirical Model Predictions
Authors: Dutta S. , Cohen M. B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe model the electron density in the topside of the ionosphere with an improved machine learning (ML) model and compare it to existing empirical models, specifically the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) and the Empirical‐Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Model (E‐CHAIM). In prior work, an artificial neural network (NN) was developed and trained on two solar cycles worth of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program data (113 satellite‐years), along with global drivers and indices to predict topside electron density. In this paper, we highlight improvements made to this NN, and present a detailed comparison of the new model to E‐CHAIM and IRI as a function of location, geomagnetic condition, time of year, and solar local time. We discuss precision and accuracy metrics to better understand model strengths and weaknesses. The updated neural network shows improved mid‐latitude performance with absolute errors lower than the IRI by 2.5 × 109 to 2.5 × 1010 e−/m3, modestly improved performance in disturbed geomagnetic conditions with absolute errors reduced by about 2.5 × 109 e−/m3 at high Kp compared to the IRI, and high Kp percentage errors reduced by >50% when compared to E‐CHAIM.
MXene/PPy@PDMS sponge-based flexible pressure sensor for human posture recognition with the assistance of a convolutional neural network in deep learning
Authors: Xia Hui , Wang Lin , Zhang Hao , Wang Zihu , Zhu Liang , Cai Haolin , Ma Yanhua , Yang Zhe , Zhang Dongzhi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe combination of flexible sensors and deep learning has attracted much attention as an efficient method for the recognition of human postures. In this paper, an in situ polymerized MXene/polypyrrole (PPy) composite is dip-coated on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sponge to fabricate an MXene/PPy@PDMS (MPP) piezoresistive sensor. The sponge sensor achieves ultrahigh sensitivity (6.8925 kPa−1) at 0–15 kPa, a short response/recovery time (100/110 ms), excellent stability (5000 cycles) and wash resistance. The synergistic effect of PPy and MXene improves the performance of the composite materials and facilitates the transfer of electrons, making the MPP sponge at least five times more sensitive than sponges based on each of the individual single materials. The large-area conductive network allows the MPP sensor to maintain excellent electrical performance over a large-scale pressure range. The MPP sensor can detect a variety of human body activity signals, such as radial artery pulse and different joint movements. The detection and analysis of human motion data, which is assisted by convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning algorithms, enable the recognition and judgment of 16 types of human postures. The MXene/PPy flexible pressure sensor based on a PDMS sponge has broad application prospects in human motion detection, intelligent sensing and wearable devices.
Immune dysregulation in sepsis: experiences, lessons and perspectives
Authors: Cao Min , Wang Guozheng , Xie Jianfeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction syndrome caused by dysregulated host responses to infection. Not only does sepsis pose a serious hazard to human health, but it also imposes a substantial economic burden on the healthcare system. The cornerstones of current treatment for sepsis remain source control, fluid resuscitation, and rapid administration of antibiotics, etc. To date, no drugs have been approved for treating sepsis, and most clinical trials of potential therapies have failed to reduce mortality. The immune response caused by the pathogen is complex, resulting in a dysregulated innate and adaptive immune response that, if not promptly controlled, can lead to excessive inflammation, immunosuppression, and failure to re-establish immune homeostasis. The impaired immune response in patients with sepsis and the potential immunotherapy to modulate the immune response causing excessive inflammation or enhancing immunity suggest the importance of demonstrating individualized therapy. Here, we review the immune dysfunction caused by sepsis, where immune cell production, effector cell function, and survival are directly affected during sepsis. In addition, we discuss potential immunotherapy in septic patients and highlight the need for precise treatment according to clinical and immune stratification.