bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light‐Driven Enantioselective Carbene‐Catalyzed Radical‐Radical Coupling
Authors: Byun Seunghwan , Hwang Meemie U. , Wise Henry R. , Bay Anna V. , Cheong Paul H.‐Y. , Scheidt Karl A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn enantioselective carbene‐catalyzed radical‐radical coupling of acyl imidazoles and racemic Hantzsch esters is disclosed. This method involves the coupling of an N‐heterocyclic carbene‐derived ketyl radical and a secondary sp3‐carbon radical and allows access to chiral α‐aryl aliphatic ketones in moderate‐to‐good yields and enantioselectivities without any competitive epimerization. The utility of this protocol is highlighted by the late‐stage functionalization of various pharmaceutical compounds and is further demonstrated by the transformation of the enantioenriched products to biologically relevant molecules. Computational investigations reveal the N‐heterocyclic carbene controls the double‐facial selectivity of the ketyl radical and the alkyl radicals, respectively.
Does the origin region of institutional shareholders influence water disclosure in Indonesian companies?
Authors: Wicaksono Aditya Pandu , Setiawan Doddy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the association between institutional shareholders and the extent of water disclosure in Indonesian companies based on the origin region of institutional investors, namely domestic, Asian, Western, and tax haven countries. Data are taken from 489 non‐financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period of 2014 to 2019. The developed hypotheses are tested using panel data with the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. This study reveals the level of water disclosure in Indonesian companies is relatively low. The higher percentage of shares are owned by institutional shareholders from domestic, Asian, and tax haven countries result the lower level of water disclosure. On the other hand, institutional shareholders from Western countries are the driver of water disclosure practices in Indonesian firms. The findings of this study provide the empirical evidence for policymakers, investors, and other stakeholders on the role of institutional shareholders in promoting water‐related disclosure practices in developing countries like Indonesia.
Dissecting a diagnostic enigma: Hypertension in a young patient from an organ of Zuckerkandl paraganglioma
Authors: Najjar Reabal , Paver Elizabeth , McGuane Jonathan , Frahm‐Jensen Gert 
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical MessageHypertension in young patients can mask rare conditions like paragangliomas, especially in the absence of conventional symptoms. A comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and multidisciplinary approach are crucial for optimal management and outcomes.
Primary omental ectopic pregnancy: A rare case report
Authors: Budha Bishal , Jha Kritika , Poudel Dhiraj , Pokharel Saroj , Aryal Suraj , Bajracharya Satish , Joshi Bishweshwar , Ghimire Asmita 
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical MessagePrimary abdominal pregnancy is the rarest form of ectopic pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum is directly implanted into peritoneal cavity. This condition poses significantly high risk of maternal morbidity and mortality. Here, we present a case of 5 weeks of primary omental pregnancy managed by laparotomy.
A case report of infanticide in rural Nepal: Sociocultural perspectives and forensic considerations
Authors: Gyawali Lokaratna , Atreya Alok , Kuinkel Preza , Sanyal Rabins , Shah Abhishek 
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical MessageThis case highlights the complex interplay of mental health, stigma, and lack of contraceptive access underlying tragic instances of infanticide. Comprehensive medicolegal investigation paired with cross‐sector efforts to expand reproductive services and transform cultural attitudes is crucial to protect vulnerable women and children.
Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodine Diazo Compounds and Their Application in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Cai , Wan Jie‐Ping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDiazomethyl‐substituted iodine(III) compounds with electron‐withdrawing groups (EWG) connected to diazo methyl center were a type of donor‐acceptor diazo compounds with potential reaction abilities similar to ordinary diazo compounds. Although several diazomethyl‐substituted iodine(III) compounds were synthesized and used in the nucleophilic substitution reactions as early as 1994, the synthesis and application of new iodine(III) diazo compounds have only been reported to a certain extent in recent years. In the presence of rhodium catalyst, photocatalyst, or nucleophiles, diazomethyl‐substituted iodine(III) compounds can be converted into rhodium‐carbenes, diazomethyl radicals, ester radicals or nucleophilic intermediates, which can be used as key intermediates for the formation of chemical bonds. The aim of this review is to give an overview of diazomethyl‐substituted iodine(III) compounds in organic synthesis.
Catalytic CO2 Reduction with Heptacoordinated Polypyridine Complexes: Switching the Selectivity via Metal Replacement
Authors: Droghetti Federico , Amati Agnese , Pascale Fabien , Crochet Aurélien , Pastore Mariachiara , Ruggi Albert , Natali Mirco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe discovery of molecular catalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) in the presence of water, which are both effective and selective towards the generation of carbon‐based products, is a critical task. Herein we report the catalytic activity towards the CO2RR in acetonitrile/water mixtures by a cobalt complex and its iron analog both featuring the same redox‐active ligand and an unusual seven‐coordination environment. Bulk electrolysis experiments show that the cobalt complex mainly yields formate (52 % selectivity at an applied potential of −2.0 V vs Fc+/Fc and 1 % H2O) or H2 (up to 86 % selectivity at higher applied bias and water content), while the iron complex always delivers CO as the major product (selectivity >74 %). The different catalytic behavior is further confirmed under photochemical conditions with the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ sensitizer (bpy=2,2’‐bipyridine) and N,N‐diisopropylethylamine as electron donor, where the cobalt complex leads to preferential H2 formation (up to 89 % selectivity), while the iron analog quantitatively generates CO (up to 88 % selectivity). This is ascribed to a preference towards a metal‐hydride vs. a metal‐carboxyl pathway for the cobalt and the iron complex, respectively, and highlights how metal replacement may effectively impact on the reactivity of transition metal complexes towards solar fuel formation.
Decolonizing the curricula of an English teacher preparation program: An exploration of U.S. short stories in the Global South
Authors: Massó Marisol 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLiterature in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts is used for language development and intercultural understanding. However, the role of literature, specifically short stories (SSs), in shaping cultural representations of the U.S. in EFL teacher preparation programs (TPPs) remains unclear. This study examines how U.S. SSs in an English TPP in Argentina portray sociocultural and racial groups and challenge colonial worldviews. Through critical discourse analysis, 21 SSs were analysed. The findings revealed that the curriculum prioritizes white dominant groups. Although there are few stories featuring people of colour and less privileged white individuals, the overall selection of SSs collectively creates a limited and outdated portrayal of U.S. society. To avoid misinterpretations, it is essential to provide additional context and contemporary stories to accurately reflect the diverse cultural landscape of the U.S., thereby challenging dominant narratives.
High‐grade medullary thyroid carcinoma with papillary‐like nuclear features: A report of five cases
Authors: Yamao Naoki , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Suzuki Ayana , Higuchi Miyoko , Ishisaka Tomo , Miyauchi Akira , Akamizu Takashi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMedullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) with papillary‐like nuclear features has not been previously described. Here, we aimed to describe the unique features of MTC and examine their prognostic value as markers of high‐grade MTC.MethodsOf the 110 MTC patients reviewed, a total of five (4.5%) who exhibited MTC with papillary‐like nuclear features based on observations from cytological preparations were included in this study. Papillary‐like nuclear features were defined as exhibiting all of the following characteristics: ground‐glass chromatin pattern, grooves, indented membrane, and lobulation.ResultsThe patients included four females and one male, with a median age of 70 years. Calcitonin‐doubling times for patients 1 and 3 were 0.8 and 0.34 years, respectively. Cytologically, patients 4 and 5 displayed a Ki‐67 labeling index of 5.1% and necrotic cells, respectively. All three histologically evaluated patients exhibited papillary‐like nuclear features and a Ki‐67 labeling index of >5.0%. Patients 1 and 3 had mitotic counts of ≥5 per 2 mm2. The MTC in all five patients was classified as high‐grade. Moreover, patient 1 harbored a RET mutation (M918T), while RET (R912W), BRAF (V600E), and CTNNB1 (S33F, T41I) mutations were present in patient 2.ConclusionOur work suggests that papillary‐like nuclear features in MTC may be associated with high‐grade tumors. These findings may be cytologically indicative of high‐grade tumors other than necrosis or mitosis.
Loss of function of male‐specific lethal 3 (Msl3) does not affect spermatogenesis in rodents
Authors: Mitchell T. A. , Lin J. M. , Hicks S. M. , James J. R. , Rangan P. , Forni P. E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMale‐specific lethal 3 (Msl3) is a member of the chromatin‐associated male‐specific lethal MSL complex, which is responsible for the transcriptional upregulation of genes on the X chromosome in males of Drosophila. Although the dosage complex operates differently in mammals, the Msl3 gene is conserved from flies to humans. Msl3 is required for meiotic entry during Drosophila oogenesis. Recent reports indicate that also in primates, Msl3 is expressed in undifferentiated germline cells before meiotic entry. However, if Msl3 plays a role in the meiotic entry of mammals has yet to be explored.ResultsTo understand, if Msl3a plays a role in the meiotic entry of mammals, we used mouse spermatogenesis as a study model. Analyses of single‐cell RNA‐seq data revealed that, in mice, Msl3 is mostly expressed in meiotic cells. To test the role of Msl3 in meiosis, we used a male germline‐specific Stra8‐iCre driver and a newly generated Msl3flox conditional knock‐out mouse line. Msl3 conditional loss‐of‐function in spermatogonia did not cause spermatogenesis defects or changes in the expression of genes related to meiosis.ConclusionsOur data suggest that, in mice, Msl3 exhibits delayed expression compared to Drosophila and primates, and loss‐of‐function mutations disrupting the chromodomain of Msl3 alone do not impede meiotic entry in rodents.
Integration and segregation manifolds in the brain ensure cognitive flexibility during tasks and rest
Authors: Capouskova Katerina , Zamora‐López Gorka , Kringelbach Morten L. , Deco Gustavo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdapting to a constantly changing environment requires the human brain to flexibly switch among many demanding cognitive tasks, processing both specialized and integrated information associated with the activity in functional networks over time. In this study, we investigated the nature of the temporal alternation between segregated and integrated states in the brain during rest and six cognitive tasks using functional MRI. We employed a deep autoencoder to explore the 2D latent space associated with the segregated and integrated states. Our results show that the integrated state occupies less space in the latent space manifold compared to the segregated states. Moreover, the integrated state is characterized by lower entropy of occupancy than the segregated state, suggesting that integration plays a consolidating role, while segregation may serve as cognitive expertness. Comparing rest and the tasks, we found that rest exhibits higher entropy of occupancy, indicating a more random wandering of the mind compared to the expected focus during task performance. Our study demonstrates that both transient, short‐lived integrated and segregated states are present during rest and task performance, flexibly switching between them, with integration serving as information compression and segregation related to information specialization.
Development and evaluation of a polygenic risk score for lung cancer in never‐smoking women: A large‐scale prospective Chinese cohort study
Authors: Wei Xiaoxia , Sun Dianjianyi , Gao Jiaxin , Zhang Jing , Zhu Meng , Yu Canqing , Ma Zhimin , Fu Yating , Ji Chen , Pei Pei , Yang Ling , Millwood Iona Y. , Walters Robin G. , Chen Yiping , Du Huaidong , Jin Guangfu , Chen Zhengming , Hu Zhibin , Li Liming , Shen Hongbing , Lv Jun , Ma Hongxia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe proportion of lung cancer in never smokers is rising, especially among Asian women, but there is no effective early detection tool. Here, we developed a polygenic risk score (PRS), which may help to identify the population with higher risk of lung cancer in never‐smoking women. We first performed a large GWAS meta‐analysis (8595 cases and 8275 controls) to systematically identify the susceptibility loci for lung cancer in never‐smoking Asian women and then generated a PRS using GWAS datasets. Furthermore, we evaluated the utility and effectiveness of PRS in an independent Chinese prospective cohort comprising 55 266 individuals. The GWAS meta‐analysis identified eight known loci and a novel locus (5q11.2) at the genome‐wide statistical significance level of P < 5 × 10−8. Based on the summary statistics of GWAS, we derived a polygenic risk score including 21 variants (PRS‐21) for lung cancer in never‐smoking women. Furthermore, PRS‐21 had a hazard ratio (HR) per SD of 1.29 (95% CI = 1.18‐1.41) in the prospective cohort. Compared with participants who had a low genetic risk, those with an intermediate (HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.00‐1.72) and high (HR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.56‐2.80) genetic risk had a significantly higher risk of incident lung cancer. The addition of PRS‐21 to the conventional risk model yielded a modest significant improvement in AUC (0.697 to 0.711) and net reclassification improvement (24.2%). The GWAS‐derived PRS‐21 significantly improves the risk stratification and prediction accuracy for incident lung cancer in never‐smoking Asian women, demonstrating the potential for identification of high‐risk individuals and early screening.
High resolution heat stress over a Sahelian city: Present and future impact assessment and urban green effectiveness
Authors: Souverijns Niels , De Ridder Koen , Takacs Sacha , Veldeman Nele , Michielsen Marthe , Crols Tomas , Foamouhoue André K. , Nshimirimana Godefroid , Dan Dijé Ibrahim , Tidjani Hassoumi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCities in the Sahel are heavily impacted by heat stress. Climate change, growing population rates and urbanization will increase the magnitude and intensity of urban heat stress towards the future. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the current status of heat stress in Niamey (Niger) and future impacts by combining the results of two models operating at city‐level: UrbClim which simulates (future) climate and GeoDynamiX, providing future city spatial extents combined with the results of a measurement campaign. Additionally, a meter‐scale assessment of heat stress within the city is executed for a selection of city districts. Urban green and trees are effective mitigation tools for heat stress, which is observed in both measurements and model results, being most effective during the hottest hours of the day when they lower heat stress to less health‐impacting levels. Future simulations show a strong increase in the spatial extent and intensity of extreme temperatures within the city. This impacts city dwellers, which will consequently experience much more days with extreme heat stress levels towards the future, doubling or tripling depending on the climate scenario. Socio‐economic impacts for mid‐century are quantified, noting increases in heat‐related mortality of several percentages compared to present‐day values. Additionally, negative economic impacts of several percentages of the Gross Domestic Product are projected as heat stress will prohibit performing moderate or high‐intensity activities during the hottest hours of the day, even in the shade.
3D SERS and Raman imaging of protective microcapsules containing bio‐active terpenoids
Authors: Cardoni Francesco , Meneghetti Moreno , Litti Lucio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTerpenoids play a major role in agriculture, given their fungicidal and herbicidal actions, as well as their favorable toxicological, ecotoxicological, and environmental profiles. Despite all these advantages, terpenoids are reported to be unstable in direct sunlight and atmospheric conditions, so both commercial suppliers and scientific literature foresee their protection by encapsulation. The so‐called microcapsules (μCaps) are therefore of high relevance as drug‐delivery vectors, but very few techniques focus on their surface as well as on their morphological characterization. Indeed, these aspects are of great importance, given that their surface chemistry governs both their colloidal stability and mechanism of action. Common analysis techniques, such as chromatographic and mass‐spectrometric ones, are destructive, require sample preparation, and do not result in the complete morphological characterization of the microcapsules. Micro‐Raman spectroscopy, in conjunction with the surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) effect, offers a valuable alternative method of investigation capable of achieving a complete and non‐destructive morphological characterization of the terpenoid‐encapsulating systems, the dimensions of which fall within the micrometric range. In addition, the SERS effect can be exploited by fabricating the microcapsules with gold nanostars (AuNSs) modified with chitosan and a SERS reporter (Nile Blue A). Thanks to the high contrast provided by the SERS signals of this tag, it was possible to localize and confirm the chitosan in the morphology of the microcapsules. The results of this study shed new light on the possibility of analyzing terpenoid‐encapsulating microcapsules and possibly other kinds of encapsulates brought by using Raman spectroscopy and by exploiting the SERS effect.
Effect of statins on hearing outcome in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Nitta Yoshihiro , Kurioka Takaomi , Furuki Shogo , Sano Hajime , Yamashita Taku 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveStatins have been reported to improve vascular endothelial function and microcirculation, reduce oxidative stress, and exert anti‐inflammatory and protective effects against inner ear damage. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of statins on hearing prognosis in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL).MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 149 patients diagnosed with ISSNHL. Clinical characteristics, hearing thresholds, statin medications, and hematological findings were investigated. First, patients with ISSNHL were assigned to the good and poor outcome groups, and factors influencing their prognosis were analyzed. Furthermore, patients with dyslipidemia were investigated to determine whether statins have therapeutic effects on ISSNHL.ResultsSignificant differences in age (p = .011), days from the onset of ISSNHL to the initiation of treatment (p = .04), and hematological total cholesterol (TC; p = .015) between the good and poor outcome groups were observed. Furthermore, when hearing outcomes were investigated in patients with dyslipidemia, TC was significantly lower in the good outcome group (p = .03). Although no significant therapeutic effects of statins were observed in participants with dyslipidemia, patients in the statin‐treated group were significantly older and experienced more diabetic complications than those in the non‐statin‐treated group.ConclusionAlthough our study showed that dyslipidemia is a poor prognostic factor for ISSNHL, statins had no significant therapeutic effects on hearing recovery in ISSNHL patients with dyslipidemia. The patients that received statin medications were significantly older and experienced more diabetic complications, which may have affected their hearing prognosis.Level of EvidenceLevel 4.
Modules of finite Gorenstein flat dimension and approximations
Authors: Emmanouil Ioannis 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe study approximations of modules of finite Gorenstein flat dimension by (projectively coresolved) Gorenstein flat modules and modules of finite flat dimension. These approximations determine the Gorenstein flat dimension and lead to descriptions of the corresponding relative homological dimensions, for such modules, in more classical terms. We also describe two hereditary Hovey triples on the category of modules of finite Gorenstein flat dimension, whose associated exact structures have homotopy categories equivalent to the stable category of projectively coresolved Gorenstein flat modules and the stable category of cotorsion Gorenstein flat modules, respectively.
Semi‐analytical solutions for the consolidation of unsaturated composite ground with floating permeable columns under equal strain condition
Authors: Tang Zhijun , Wang Lei , Zhou Annan , Sun De'an , Li Jie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on the mathematical interpretation and consolidation behavior of unsaturated composite ground with floating permeable columns (FPC). By combining the axisymmetric consolidation model with the equal strain assumption, the consolidation problem of unsaturated composite ground with FPC is transformed into a one‐dimensional consolidation problem of an equivalent double‐layer ground. The consolidation governing equations of the reinforced zone and the underlying stratum are derived respectively. The Laplace transformation and Gauss elimination method are used to obtain solutions for the average excess pore pressure and settlement in the Laplace transform domain. The semi‐analytical solutions for the consolidation of composite ground in the time domain are obtained by implementing the Crump numerical method for the inverse Laplace transformation. A comparison with the existing literature and numerical simulation results from Finite Element Methods (FEM) confirms the correctness of the proposed semi‐analytical solutions. Based on these solutions, the consolidation behavior of an unsaturated composite ground with FPC under instantaneous loading is investigated. The results indicate that the penetration ratio of the permeable column is the most significant factor affecting the consolidation of composite ground. Furthermore, the consolidation rate and settlement of the composite ground also highly depend on the unsaturated soil in the underlying stratum.