bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein identification for stroke progression via Mendelian Randomization in Million Veteran Program and UK Biobank
Authors: Elmore Andrew , Adhikari Nimish , Hartley April E , Aparicio Hugo Javier , Posner Dan C. , Hemani Gibran , Tilling Kate , Gaunt Tom R , Wilson Peter , Casas JP , Gaziano John Michael , Smith George Davey , Paternoster Lavinia , Cho Kelly , Peloso Gina M 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals who have experienced a stroke, or transient ischemic attack, face a heightened risk of future cardiovascular events. Identification of genetic and molecular risk factors for subsequent cardiovascular outcomes may identify effective therapeutic targets to improve prognosis after an incident stroke.MethodsWe performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for subsequent major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (Ncases=51,929, Ncntrl=39,980) and subsequent arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) Ncases=45,120, Ncntrl=46,789) after first incident stroke within the Million Veteran Program and UK Biobank. We then used genetic variants associated with proteins (pQTLs) to determine the effect of 1,463 plasma protein abundances on subsequent MACE using Mendelian randomization (MR).ResultsTwo variants were significantly associated with subsequent cardiovascular events: rs76472767 (OR=0.75, 95% CI = 0.64-0.85, p= 3.69x10-08) with subsequent AIS and rs13294166 (OR=1.52, 95% CI = 1.37-1.67, p=3.77x10-08) with subsequent MACE. Using MR, we identified 2 proteins with an effect on subsequent MACE after a stroke:CCL27(effect OR= 0.77, 95% CI = 0.66-0.88, adj. p=0.05), andTNFRSF14(effect OR=1.42, 95% CI = 1.24-1.60, adj. p=0.006). These proteins are not associated with incident AIS and are implicated to have a role in inflammation.ConclusionsWe found evidence that two proteins with little effect on incident stroke appear to influence subsequent MACE after incident AIS. These associations suggest that inflammation is a contributing factor to subsequent MACE outcomes after incident AIS and highlights potential novel targets.
Preference for Scientist Occupation Among Medical and Science Students in South Korea
Authors: Bae Eun Bit 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough becoming a scientist is generally a long and arduous process, fostering scientists is considered important for national development. To determine medical and science undergraduate students’ preference of scientist, a designed preference survey was administered to 191 medical and 106 science majors, online. The chi-square test, regression, and mediation models were used. The models present significant associations between group and training programs, and between master’s program and scientist preference. Surprisingly, only 24% of the science students were interested in the PhD program compared to the 79.6% of the medical students. Less than 7% in both groups expressed interest in full-time scientist occupation. The study design and findings are newly reported. A negative public consensus of scientist occupation is identified, and master training program shows strong association with choice of scientist occupation. Due to the unstable scientists’ status, a long-term follow-up is recommended afterward program completion for more effectively fostering scientists.
SlWRKY80 recruits SlHDA1 to regulates the tomato fruit ripening and color transformation
Authors: Shang Chunyu , Chen Guo , Liu Xiaoyan , Zheng Hao , Li Guobin , Wang Jiafa , Hu Songshen , Li Zhenglun , Hu Xiaohui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFruit ripening involves key transcription factors (TF). Despite the established importance of WRKY TFs in plant development, the involvement of WRKY and its underlying mechanism in the regulation of fruit ripening and color transformation remain unclear. Here, we discovered a phenomenon where SlWRKY80 is involved in the ripening and color transformation of tomato. Overexpression ofSlWRKY80shortened the color transition cycle of tomato fruit, whereas loss-of-function mutation inSlWRKY80delays this process. On the 7thday after the color breakdown (Break+7), the fruit color was bright red inSlWRKY80-overexpression lines. SlWRKY80 could bind to downstream promoters ofSlSGR1andSlPSY1, thereby exerting a positive regulatory effect on the expression levels ofSlSGR1andSlPSY1. This regulatory activity led to the facilitation of chlorophyll a decomposition and carotenoid synthesis during the transition of fruit color, ultimately accelerating fruit ripening and color change. TheSlWRKY80knockout lines (slwrky80cr-3 andslwrky80cr-4) showed light red. Thr (The 69thamino acid) mutated to Ser of SlWRKY80 (slwrky80cr-46), SlHDA1 was recruited as a regulatory factor to enhance the regulation of downstreamSlPSY1bySlWRKY80, and inhibited theSlSGR1expression bySlWRKY80which maybe the reason why theslwrky80cr-46 knockout lines exhibited brown color. In conclusion, SlWRKY80 regulates the expression ofSlSGR1andSlPSY1by recruiting SlHDA1, thereby regulating chlorophyll decomposition and carotenoid synthesis, and further participating in fruit maturation and related fruit color formation. This research has important guiding significance for breeding tomato germplasm with excellent commercial traits.
Structural Basis for Oxidized Glutathione Recognition by the Yeast Cadmium Factor 1
Authors: Soong Tik Hang , Hotze Clare , Khandelwal Nitesh Kumar , Tomasiak Thomas M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTransporters from the ABCC family have an essential role in detoxifying electrophilic compounds including metals, drugs, and lipids, often through conjugation with glutathione complexes. The Yeast Cadmium Factor 1 (Ycf1) transports glutathione alone as well as glutathione conjugated to toxic heavy metals including Cd2+, Hg2+, and As3+. To understand the complicated selectivity and promiscuity of heavy metal substrate binding, we determined the cryo-EM structure of Ycf1 bound to the substrate, oxidized glutathione. We systematically tested binding determinants with cellular survival assays against cadmium to determine how the substrate site accommodates differentsized metal complexes. We identify a “flex-pocket” for substrate binding that binds glutathione complexes asymmetrically and flexes to accommodate different size complexes.Significance StatementThe molecular mechanism by which Ycf1 transports a broad array of substrates that are essential for cellular detoxification and redox homeostasis remains unknown in the field of cellular biology. Here, guided by the novel substrate bound structure of Ycf1, we discovered a bipartite binding mechanism that accommodates substrates of varying sizes while maintaining specificity. Four crucial ionic interactions govern substrate specificity by recognizing ligands with a glutathione moiety, complemented by a sizable pocket on the adjacent side for different glutathione complexes.
Multiplexing of temporal and spatial information in the lateral entorhinal cortex
Authors: Wang Cheng , Lee Heekyung , Rao Geeta , Knierim James J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEpisodic memory involves the processing of spatial and temporal aspects of personal experiences. The lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) plays an essential role in subserving memory. However, the specific mechanism by which LEC integrates spatial and temporal information remains elusive. Here, we recorded LEC neurons while rats performed foraging and shuttling behaviors on one-dimensional, linear or circular tracks. Unlike open-field foraging tasks, many LEC cells displayed spatial firing fields in these tasks and demonstrated selectivity for traveling directions. Furthermore, some LEC neurons displayed changes in the firing rates of their spatial rate maps during a session, a phenomenon referred to as rate remapping. Importantly, this temporal modulation was consistent across sessions, even when the spatial environment was altered. Notably, the strength of temporal modulation was found to be greater in LEC compared to other brain regions, such as the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), CA1, and CA3. Thus, the spatial rate mapping observed in LEC neurons may serve as a coding mechanism for temporal context, allowing for flexible multiplexing of spatial and temporal information.
Sublinear Scaling in Non-Markovian Open Quantum Systems Simulations
Authors: Cygorek Moritz , Keeling Jonathan , Lovett Brendon W. , Gauger Erik M. 
Published: February 2024

While several numerical techniques are available for predicting the dynamics of non-Markovian open quantum systems, most struggle with simulations for very long memory and propagation times, e.g., due to superlinear scaling with the number of time steps n. Here, we introduce a numerically exact algorithm to calculate process tensors—compact representations of environmental influences—which provides a scaling advantage over previous algorithms by leveraging self-similarity of the tensor networks that represent the environment. It is applicable to environments with Gaussian statistics, such as for spin-boson-type open quantum systems. Based on a divide-and-conquer strategy, our approach requires only O(n log n) singular value decompositions for environments with infinite memory. Where the memory can be truncated after nc time steps, a nominal scaling O(nc log nc) is found, which is independent of n. This improved scaling is enabled by identifying process tensors with repeatable blocks. To demonstrate the power and utility of our approach, we provide three examples. (1) We calculate the fluorescence spectra of a quantum dot under both strong driving and strong dot-phonon couplings, a task requiring simulations over millions of time steps, which we are able to perform in minutes. (2) We efficiently find process tensors describing superradiance of multiple emitters. (3) We explore the limits of our algorithm by considering coherence decay with a very strongly coupled environment. The observed computation time is not necessarily proportional to the number of singular value decompositions because the matrix dimensions also depend on the number of time steps. Nevertheless, quasilinear and sublinear scaling of computation time is found in practice for a wide range of parameters. While there are instances where existing methods can achieve comparable nominal scaling by precalculating effective propagators for time-independent or periodic system Hamiltonians, process tensors contain all the information needed to extract arbitrary multitime correlation functions of the system when driven by arbitrary time-dependent system Hamiltonians. The algorithm we present here not only significantly extends the scope of numerically exact techniques to open quantum systems with long memory times, but it also has fundamental implications for the simulation complexity of tensor network approaches.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Corporate governance and Islamic bank risk – do the directors’ and the Shariah board’s diversity attributes matter?
Authors: Mukhibad Hasan , Setiawan Doddy , Aryani Y. Anni , Falikhatun Falikhatun 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effect of the diversity of the board of directors (BOD) and the shariah supervisory board (SSB) on credit risk, insolvency, operations, reputation, rate of deposit return risk (RDRR) and equity-based financing risk (EBFR) of Islamic banks (IB).

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses 68 IBs from 19 countries covering 2009 to 2019. BOD and SSB diversity attributes data were hand-collected from the annual reports. Financial data were collected from the bankscope database. The robustness test and two-step system generalized method of moment estimation technique were used to address potential endogeneity issues.

Findings
This study provides evidence that diversity in the experience and cross-membership of board members decreases the risk. Gender diversity increases the risk, but the BOD’s education level diversity has no relationship with risk. More interestingly, influences in the experience and cross-membership of the SSB’s members positively influence risk. However, members’ education levels and gender diversity have not been proven to affect risk.

Practical implications
The paper recommends that Islamic banking authorities play a stronger role and make a greater effort in driving corporate governance reform. Also, determining individual characteristics of the board is a requirement to become a member of a BOD or an SSB.

Originality/value
This paper expands the commitment literature through the diversity of the BOD’s and the SSB’s members in terms of their education levels, experience, cross-membership and gender. This study expands the list of potential risks for IBs, by including the RDRR and EBFR.
Entropy generation in a partially heated hybrid nanofluid saturated wavy porous cavity
Authors: Barman Prabir , Pentyala Srinivasa Rao , Rathish Kumar B.V. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
A porous cavity flow field generates entropy owing to energy and momentum exchange within the fluid and at solid barriers. The heat transport and viscosity effects on fluid and solid walls irreversibly generate entropy. This numerical study aims to investigate convective heat transfer together with entropy generation in a partially heated wavy porous cavity filled with a hybrid nanofluid.

Design/methodology/approach
The governing equations are nondimensionalized and the domain is transformed into a unit square. A second-order finite difference method is used to have numerical solutions to nondimensional unknowns such as stream function and temperature. This numerical computation is conducted to explore a wide range of regulating parameters, e.g. hybrid nano-particle volume fraction (σ = 0.1%, 0.33%, 0.75%, 1%, 2%), Rayleigh–Darcy number (Ra = 10, 102, 103), dimensionless length of the heat source (ϵ = 0.25, 0.50,1.0) and amplitude of the wave (a = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) for a number of undulations (N = 1, 3) per unit length.

Findings
A thorough analysis is conducted to analyze the effect of multiple factors such as thermal convective forces, heat source, surface corrugation factors, nanofluid volume fraction and other parameters on entropy generation. The flow and temperature fields are studied through streamlines and isotherms. The average Bejan number suggested that entropy generation is entirely dominated by irreversibility due to heat transport at Ra = 10, and the irreversibility due to the viscosity effect is severe at Ra = 103, but the increment in s augments irreversibility due to the viscosity effect over the heat transport at Ra = 102.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this numerical study, for the first time, analyzes the influence of surface corrugation on the entropy generation related to the cooling of a partial heat source by the convection of a hybrid nanofluid.
Does economic and policy uncertainty impact corporate policies? Evidence from India
Authors: Ramesh Vishnu K. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
This study aims to examine the role of economic political uncertainty (EPU) on various corporate policies, namely, cash reserves, investment, capital structure and operating activities of Indian listed firms.

Design/methodology/approach
To assess the influence of policy-related uncertainties, the author uses the India-specific EPU news-based index constructed by Baker et al. (2016) as a proxy for policy uncertainties. This study uses data from listed Indian firms spanning the period 2003 to 2019. The author uses panel regression models with firm-fixed effects to analyze the impact of EPU on corporate policies, including cash reserves, leverage and CAPEX, while considering key control variables.

Findings
In response to heightened EPU, firms tend to increase their cash reserves, curtail their investment activities and favour secured financing options. Notably, this study aligns with the “real options” framework, demonstrating that firms with substantial investment irreversibility significantly reduce their capital expenditures during periods of elevated EPU. Additionally, the results reveal that rising EPU corresponds to heightened borrowing costs and increased operating expenses for firms.

Originality/value
In contrast to prior research that predominantly investigated the impact of EPU on the decisions of listed firms in developed markets, this study delves into the role of EPU on corporate policies among listed firms in India. This focus is particularly relevant, given the significant policy changes that have transpired in the Indian business landscape in recent years.
Advancing scholarly excellence at midcareer: the influence of exceptional others on faculty professional growth
Authors: Pifer Meghan J. , Logsdon M. Cynthia , Ibarra Maria , Gardner Kevin 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThere is a need to support midcareer faculty who have demonstrated scholarly success but require additional development. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of an initiative for “star faculty” at midcareer, with an emphasis on the role of exceptional others in their professional growth.Design/methodology/approachThis is an exploratory, single-site case study of a midcareer faculty excellence initiative. Data sources include document/site analysis and individual interviews.FindingsFindings reveal the value of “exceptional others” in professional growth among high-performing midcareer faculty. Perceptions about excellence at midcareer emerged as an antecedent to developing midcareer faculty members. Analysis generated themes in behaviors related to supporting midcareer scholars’ professional growth.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is an initial step toward refining concepts such as exceptional others, academic stars and scholarly advancement within the academy. There is a need for equity-minded research about these topics. In addition to replication across institutional and disciplinary contexts, there is also a need for longitudinal mixed-methods studies of midcareer faculty mentoring outcomes over time.Practical implicationsThe study points to the role of the institution and its senior faculty in fostering midcareer scholarly excellence. Mentoring and development around individualized goals may be of value in addition to an emphasis on clarity around institutional expectations and norms in faculty performance reviews.Originality/valueMidcareer faculty are a crucial component of the academy, yet they are often overlooked as needing career support, resources and development. This study focuses on mentoring and coaching for postsecondary faculty at midcareer and the role of exceptional others in facilitating faculty professional growth.
Comparing flexibility-based measures during different disruptions: evidence from maritime supply chains
Authors: Rogerson Sara , Svanberg Martin , Altuntas Vural Ceren , von Wieding Sönke , Woxenius Johan 
Published: February 2024

PurposeSevere disruptions to maritime supply chains, including port closures, congestion and shortages in shipping capacity, have occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper’s purpose is to explore flexibility-based countermeasures that enable actors in maritime supply chains to mitigate the effects of disruptions with different characteristics.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were conducted with shipping lines, shippers, forwarders and ports. Data on the COVID-19 pandemic's effects and countermeasures were collected and compared with data regarding the 2016–2017 Gothenburg port conflict.FindingsSpatial, capacity, service and temporal flexibility emerged as the primary countermeasures, whilst important characteristics of disruptions were geographical spread, duration, uncertainty, criticality, the element of surprise and intensity. Spatial flexibility was exercised in both disruptions by switching to alternative ports. During the COVID-19 pandemic, ensuring capacity flexibility included first removing and then adding vessels. Shipping lines exercising service flexibility prioritised certain cargo, which made the spot market uncertain and reduced flexibility for forwarders, importers and exporters that changed carriers or traffic modes. Experience with disruptions meant less surprise and better preparation for spatial flexibility.Practical implicationsUnderstanding how actors in maritime supply chains exercise flexibility-based countermeasures amid disruptions with different characteristics can support preparedness for coming disruptions.Originality/valueComparing flexibility-based measures in a pandemic versus port conflict provides insights into the important characteristics of disruptions and the relevance of mitigation strategies. The resilience of maritime supply chains, although underexamined compared with manufacturing supply chains, is essential for maintaining global supply chain flows.
Exploring participation and engagement in a multi-component, universal early parenting programme
Authors: Hickey Gráinne , Leckey Yvonne , McGilloway Sinead 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Parenting programmes are increasingly a feature of services and policies aimed at improving outcomes for children and families and tackling inequality, yet they remain underused. This study aims to assess parent engagement and retention in the parent and infant (PIN) programme – a universal, multi-component intervention designed to support parents from birth to when their children reach two years of age. The programme can be tailored to parent/community needs but also includes standardised core elements including two Incredible Years parenting programmes. Programme provider perspectives on recruiting and supporting participation were also explored.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed methods study was conducted involving parents (n = 106) and programme providers involved in the PIN programme. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the impact of participant demographic characteristics on the likelihood of programme engagement and attendance. Semi-structured interviews explored facilitators’ experiences of parent recruitment and engagement, as well as barriers and facilitators of parental attendance.

Findings
First-time mothers were more likely to initially enrol in the PIN programme than younger or lone parents. However, older age and married/cohabiting status were the strongest predictors of attending at least one-third of programme sessions. Qualitative findings highlighted the importance of relationship building and connection in supporting participant recruitment and engagement. Practical and psychological barriers to programme participation are also described.

Originality/value
The findings shed light on factors that influence engagement and attendance in universal, early parent support programmes. Barriers to parent engagement are multi-layered and tailored strategies to promote uptake of parenting programmes are needed.
Employee participation in corporate volunteering as the moderator of links between relationships at work, work meaningfulness and affective commitment
Authors: Brzustewicz Paweł , Glińska-Neweś Aldona , Escher Iwona , Fu Yusheng , Józefowicz Barbara 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThe aim of this study is to test for a moderating role of employee participation in volunteering in links between employees' relationships with peers and supervisors, work meaningfulness (WM) and affective commitment (AC).Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a survey conducted on a sample of 711 employees, both those involved and those non-involved in corporate volunteering (CV).FindingsThe results suggest that employee participation in CV strengthens the effects that employees' perceptions of positive relationships with peers and perceived supervisor support (PSS) have on employees' AC. Contrary to expectations, although participation in CV strengthens employees' sense of WM, it does not affect its links with other phenomena analyzed in this study.Originality/valueCV is a fast-growing practice in corporate social responsibility. The reasons companies implement CV include the benefits they gain from it, such as positive effects on employee attitudes and behaviors. The paper contributes to the understanding of CV effects on employee attitudes and behaviors and builds a better business case for this CSR practice.