bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material Selection for Artificial Femur Bone Using PROMETHEE-GAIA Method
Authors: Tayyip Koçak Muhammed , Said Bayraklılar Mehmet , Kuncan Melih 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
When replacing bones and implants, choosing the right materials for the artificial bone and orthopedic implants is crucial to the procedure’s success. In this work, a thorough assessment of the literature was followed by a thorough and rigorous evaluation of prospective materials for prosthetic femurs using a multicriteria decision-making process known as PROMETHEE-GAIA (Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluation and Geometric Analysis for Interactive Assistance). The proposed approach was validated using a total of 12 assessment parameters, including density, tensile strength, and ultimate tensile strength, and 17 candidate materials. The significance of the chosen criteria is well described. These 17 candidate implant materials and the 12 assessment criteria were used to develop a choice matrix. Rankings over the prepared matrix were produced using the PROMETHEE-GAIA program. Ti-6Al-7Nb, Ti-6Al-4V, and ASTM F1537, Standard Specification for Wrought Cobalt-28Chromium-6Molybdenum Alloys for Surgical Implants (UNS R31537, UNS R31538, and UNS R31539), Co-Cr-W emerged as the top contenders and were demonstrated as possible materials for effective artificial femur materials because of the assessment. With a large number of pertinent criteria and a wide range of materials, this study offers a framework for the selection of implant materials. It also emphasizes how choosing materials carefully may increase the durability and efficiency of orthopedic implants.
Diurnal variation of brain activity in the human suprachiasmatic nucleus
Authors: Oka Satoshi , Ogawa Akitoshi , Osada Takahiro , Tanaka Masaki , Nakajima Koji , Kamagata Koji , Aoki Shigeki , Oshima Yasushi , Tanaka Sakae , Kirino Eiji , Nakamura Takahiro J. , Konishi Seiki 
Published: January 2024

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the central clock for circadian rhythms. Animal studies have revealed daily rhythms in the neuronal activity in the SCN. However, the circadian activity of the human SCN has remained elusive. In this study, to reveal the diurnal variation of the SCN activity in humans, we localized the SCN by employing an areal boundary mapping technique to resting-state functional images and investigated the SCN activity using perfusion imaging. In the first experiment (n = 27, including both sexes), we scanned each participant four times a day, every six hours. Higher activity was observed at noon, while lower activity was recorded in the early morning. In the second experiment (n = 20, including both sexes), the SCN activity was measured every thirty minutes for six hours from midnight to dawn. The results showed that the SCN activity gradually decreased and was not associated with the electroencephalography. Furthermore, the SCN activity was compatible with the rodent SCN activity after switching off the lights. These results suggest that the diurnal variation of the human SCN follows the zeitgeber cycles of nocturnal and diurnal mammals and is modulated by physical lights rather than the local time.Significance StatementThe suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus is the central clock for circadian rhythms in mammals. However, the circadian activity of human SCN remained elusive due to the difficulty of measuring the activity of such a small nucleus. In this study, we localized the human SCN and investigated the SCN activity using an MRI technique for measuring perfusion. We observed SCN activity patterns of higher activity in daylight time and lower at night and morning. We also observed that the human SCN activity gradually decreased during the night, compatible with the rodent SCN activity after switching off the lights. These results suggest that the diurnal variation of human SCN activity is modulated by physical lights rather than the local time.
Enhancing Statistical Physics Learning: Rhetoric and Emotion in Moodle for Physics Education
Authors: Erlangga S. Y. , Winingsih P. H. , Yektyastuti R. , Poort E. A. , Amrurrahim A. N. 
Published: January 2024

The Learning Management System in science education has become crucial in modern educational settings. However, there is a lack of comprehensive resources to guide the implementation of hedonic and pragmatic qualities in UX. This study aims to identify emotional design factors and adopt an innovative perspective with a rhetorical approach to enhance the user experience. This study adopts the Design-Based Research methodology using the UEQ questionnaire with 26 items, involving a total population of 122 students. Conducting research through a User Experience Questionnaire, rhetorical evaluation, and open-ended questions in three control groups, the physics learning experience through Moodle at the Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University was evaluated, specifically in the Physics Education study program. The research findings demonstrate that improving UX leads to higher user satisfaction. According to the results of the UEQ analysis, it is evident that attractiveness, clarity, and efficiency are rated above average. Meanwhile, aspects of dependability, stimulation, and novelty are assessed below average criteria. The study concludes that ethos, pathos, and logos are essential in embracing the pragmatic and hedonic aspects of UX.
Diagnostic performance of ACR-TIRADS combined with superb microvascular imaging for differential diagnosis of mummified thyroid nodules and papillary thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Tian Jiali , Liang Jinlei , Lin Yuhong , Wang Liping , Chen Xiaobo 
Published: January 2024

Objective
The aim was to investigate the ability of superb microvascular imaging (SMI) to improve the differential diagnosis of mummified thyroid nodules (MTNs) and papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) using the 2017 American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-TIRADS).

Materials and methods
We enrolled 110 cases of MTNs and 110 cases of PTCs confirmed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) or surgery. Conventional ultrasound (US) and the quantity of microvessels detected by SMI were analyzed for all nodules. Thyroid nodules were initially categorized by ACR-TIRADS based on US imaging features and then reclassified based on ACR-TIRADS combined with SMI blood-flow grade (SMI-TIRADS). We compared the diagnostic performances of ACR-TIRADS and SMI-TIRADS by receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).

Results
US-detected margin, shape, and echogenic foci differed between MTNs and PTCs (P < 0.05). The SMI blood-flow grade was significantly greater in PTCs compared with MTNs (Χ2 = 158.78, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in ACR-TIRADS indicators between MTNs and PTCs (Χ2 = 1.585, P = 0.453); however, reclassification by SMI-TIRADS showed significant differences between the groups (Χ2 = 129.521, P < 0.001). The area under the curve was significantly lower for ACR-TIRADS compared with SMI-TIRADS (0.517 vs 0.887, P < 0.05). SMI-TIRADS had significantly higher diagnostic value for distinguishing MTNs and PTCs than ACR-TIRADS (sensitivity: 91.82% vs 74.55%, P < 0.05; specificity: 84.55% vs 21.82%, P < 0.05; accuracy: 88.18% vs 48.18%, P < 0.05; PPV: 85.59% vs 48.81%, P < 0.05; and NPV: 91.18% vs 46.15%, P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The detection of microvascular flow and large vessels in thyroid nodules by SMI resulted in high diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. ACR-TIRADS combined with SMI could effectively distinguish between MTNs and PTCs, to avoid unnecessary FNA or surgical excision.
Parent and Clinician Views on Not Using Antibiotics for Mild Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Szymczak Julia E. , Hayes Ashley A. , Labellarte Patricia , Zighelboim Julian , Toor Amandeep , Becker Adam B. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Kuppermann Nathan , Florin Todd A. 
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVES
Preschool-aged children with mild community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) routinely receive antibiotics even though most infections are viral. We sought to identify barriers to the implementation of a “no antibiotic” strategy for mild CAP in young children.

METHODS
Qualitative study using semistructured interviews conducted in a large pediatric hospital in the United States from January 2021 to July 2021. Parents of young children diagnosed with mild CAP in the previous 3 years and clinicians practicing in outpatient settings (pediatric emergency department, community emergency department, general pediatrics offices) were included.

RESULTS
Interviews were conducted with 38 respondents (18 parents, 20 clinicians). No parent heard of the no antibiotic strategy, and parents varied in their support for the approach. Degree of support related to their desire to avoid unnecessary medications, trust in clinicians, the emotional difficulty of caring for a sick child, desire for relief of suffering, willingness to accept the risk of unnecessary antibiotics, and judgment about the child’s illness severity. Eleven (55%) clinicians were familiar with guidelines specifying a no antibiotic strategy. They identified challenges in not using antibiotics, including diagnostic uncertainty, consequences of undertreatment, parental expectations, follow-up concerns, and acceptance of the risks of unnecessary antibiotic treatment of many children if it means avoiding adverse outcomes for some children.

CONCLUSIONS
Although both parents and clinicians expressed broad support for the judicious use of antibiotics, pneumonia presents stewardship challenges. Interventions will need to consider the emotional, social, and logistical aspects of managing pneumonia, in addition to developing techniques to improve diagnosis.
Approaches to Assessing Quality of Public Services: Domestic and Foreign Experience
Authors: Sedykh Olga , Taraban Olga 
Published: January 2024

Despite growing interest in this field of study, research on improving quality and efficiency of providing public and municipal services in the Russian Federation has not yet been established into a single theory. The paper reveals experience of foreign countries in providing state and municipal services to the population, as well as methods for assessing their quality. Foreign experience in developing a network of institutions — so-called supermarkets of public services — is very interesting and similar to the domestic practice. This is not new for our country, since multifunctional centers in Russia were created based on foreign organizations, but having eliminated the mistakes they had made and in accordance with the Russian culture. The author looked into the legal framework concerning the organizations in question and analyzed service quality standards. The concept of state and municipal services is defined in various official sources such as codes, federal laws, and standards. Public services are defined as activities of executive authorities, extra-budgetary funds and local governments within the limits of their functions and assigned powers. There are currently several approaches to assessing quality and effectiveness of public services: marketing (equating functions of state agencies in terms of providing services with those of the private sector of the economy), functional (assessing performance of all the functions of each participant), and process-like (where providing services is considered as a continuous process that can be constantly improved). The applied methods of assessing quality and effectiveness of public institutions are substantiated as relevant and leading to further improvement of these institutions.
Uwarunkowania przyrodnicze rozwoju Łodzi włókienniczej
Authors: Szkurłat Elżbieta , Adamczewska Maria 
Published: January 2024

Celem proponowanych zajęć jest ukazanie znaczenia warunków przyrodniczych Łodzi w rozwoju przemysłu włókienniczego i szybkim rozwoju Łodzi jako miasta. Poznanie tych uwarunkowań odbywa się zarówno poprzez obserwacje bezpośrednie realizowane w terenie jak również przy wykorzystaniu map i tekstów źródłowych. Tematyka zajęć sprzyja kształtowaniu u uczniów umiejętności wnioskowania, analizowania, porównywania i interpretowania materiałów kartograficznych, identyfikowania związków i zależności przestrzennych. Dotyczą one wzajemnych zależności środowiskowych takich jak: ukształtowanie powierzchni Łodzi i układ dolin rzecznych, przebieg działu wodnego I rzędu oraz zasobność terenu w wodę i obecność młynów wodnych. W poszukiwaniu przyrodniczych czynników rozwoju przemysłowego Łodzi pomocne są teksty źródłowe w postaci raportów pisanych przez Rajmunda Rembielińskiego i Stanisława Staszica z objazdów Łodzi i okolic na początku XIX wieku. Eksponowana w tych raportach opinia o obfitości wód powierzchniowych na terenie Łodzi, zostaje wzmocniona mapą interaktywną ukazującą sieć rzek płynących w przeszłości na obszarze Łodzi oraz archiwalne fotografie rzeki Łódki z początku XX wieku. Konfrontacja treści tych wszystkich materiałów źródłowych z bezpośrednią obserwacją w terenie aktualnego stanu wód powierzchniowych, może tworzyć sprzyjającą atmosferę do refleksji i stawiania pytań o przyczyny tak zasadniczych zmian w zasobach wód powierzchniowych w XIX wieku i współcześnie.
Desa Wisata Brayut sebagai Ruang Interaksi Sosial Wisatawan Asing dan Masyarakat Lokal
Authors: Putri Irawati Anindya , Sari Meliana , Cahyani Aprilia Dwi 
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji perilaku wisatawan asing dalam aktivitas berwisata di Desa Wisata Brayut ditinjau dari perspektif masyarakat lokal. Perilaku wisatawan yang disorot dalam penelitian ini adalah proses interaksi wisatawan asing dengan masyarakat lokal Desa Wisata Brayut (unsur manusia) dan interaksi wisatawan asing dengan unsur nonmanusia, seperti alam, adat istiadat, nilai, dan norma yang dijunjung tinggi oleh masyarakat lokal. Lokus penelitian ini adalah di Desa Wisata Brayut, Pandowoharjo, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah ketua pengelola Desa Wisata Brayut dan masyarakat lokal. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara terstruktur, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Melalui teknik analisis model Creswell, hasil penelitian ini diklasifikasikan ke dalam empat tema, antara lain (1) karakteristik wisatawan asing, (2) interaksi wisatawan asing dan masyarakat lokal Desa Wisata Brayut, (3) interaksi wisatawan asing dengan unsur non-manusia di Desa Wisata Brayut, serta (4) upaya masyarakat lokal mendidik wisatawan asing.
Modifiable factors of development and recurrence of adenomatous colorectal polyps (literature review)
Authors: Gataullin I. G. , Sakhabetdinov B. A. , Valitov B. R. , Ermakova K. N. , Kalyamova A. V. 
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Adenomatous colorectal polyps are associated with a high risk of developing a malignant tumor. They are considered precancerous conditions and can lead to the development of colorectal cancer. To date, colorectal cancer ranks third in the world in frequency of occurrence among all malignant neoplasms.Objective. Improving the results of diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with colorectal adenomatous neoplasms by identifying development factors and identifying risk groups for this nosology.Materials and methods. Analysis of literary data.Results. Among the factors leading to the development of colorectal polyps, it is worth noting a genetic predisposition, so by immunoblotting, PCR sequencing of the entire exome in cases of patients with familial dentate polyposis, rare variants of the germ line in the WNK2 gene were identified. Functional studies have shown that variants of the WINK2 germ line affect protein function in the context of the MAPK pathway, a molecular trait of this disease. Also, in the course of many domestic and foreign randomized clinical trials, the following modifiable factors for the development of adenomatous colorectal polyps were identified.Conclusion. The study revealed the factors of development and recurrence of colorectal neoplasms and identified risk groups for this nosology. The study revealed low compliance of patients with respect to changes in certain living conditions (the use of ethyl alcohol and products containing it, tobacco smoking, both active and passive, the fight against obesity and inactivity), which leads to recurrence and increases the risks of malignancy of colorectal polyps.
Objective criteria for the quality of life of patients who underwent surgery (literature review)
Authors: Mnoyan A. Kh. , Zhukov S. V. , Morozov A. M. , Bagdasarov A. A. , Petrukhina E. S. , Stepanenko V. P. 
Published: January 2024

Relevance.One of the tasks of modern surgery is to provide high-quality medical care with a significant impact on the patient, which should lead to an improvement in the quality of life. Quality of life assessment is becoming increasingly relevant in healthcare and is associated with improved decision-making, higher satisfaction and better treatment outcomes.The purpose of the study. To identify criteria for an objective assessment of the quality of life of patients in the postoperative period.Materials and methods. In the course of this study, the most relevant domestic and foreign literary sources were analyzed, reflecting the problem of assessing the quality of life of patients in the postoperative period.Results.To assess the quality of life, various forms of questionnaires for patients are usually used. Questionnaires can be both general and specific for a particular disease. After analyzing numerous questionnaires to determine the quality of life, it became possible to combine and classify objective criteria for the quality of life.Conclusion.The use of general and special questionnaires makes it possible to perform a full-scale assessment of both the main components of the quality of life and its specific aspects in this disease. At the same time, it is important to take into account the influence of various factors, including gender, age, and the initial quality of life, on the change in indicators over time. This approach is the most correct and corresponds to modern recommendations for analyzing quality of life data that changes over time and is associated with various factors.
Optimal access for Achilles Tendon Repair
Authors: Kisel' D. A. , Fayn A. M. , Svetlov K. V. , Vlasov A. P. , Lazarev M. P. , Akimov R. N. , Chemyanov I. G. 
Published: January 2024

Background. Despite the many accesses described in the literature for open Achilles tendon repair, there is no evidence of the benefits of this or that access confirmed by clinical observations.The aim is to determine and justify optimal access during open Achilles tendon repair.Material and methods. The article shows the result of the analysis of data from a literary search, experimental work on 12 lower limbs of 6 cadavers, a clinical study based on a retro-prospective analysis of the treatment of 128 people in the Department of Emergency Traumatology N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute from 2014 to 2022. The comparison group retrospectively included 47 patients (36.7%) with Achilles tendon injury, who underwent suture of the Achilles tendon from S and Z–shaped accesses from 2014 to 2017. The main group prospectively included 81 patients (63.3%) for 2018-2022, who underwent paramedial tendon access.Results. The analysis of a retrospective study showed that 3 patients from the comparison group with Achilles tendon injury in the postoperative period had ischemia of the wound edges with subsequent formation of necrosis and skin defect; 1 patient had a hypertrophic painful scar, which ulcerated from the constant traumatization of his shoe back (the total number of complications was 8.5%). In the patients of the main group, there were no complications in the postoperative period in any case. Conclusion. In our opinion, the paramedial tendon access is optimal, because there are no complications from the skin and leads to improved functional results.
Surgical treament of chronic pancreatitis (literature review)
Authors: Morozov S. V. , Rumyantsev V. B. , Lobakov A. I. , Shcherbyuk A. N. , Flegontov P. B. 
Published: January 2024

Target. To summarize the available literature data on the methods of surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis, evaluate their results, identify shortcomings and possible solutions.Materials and Methods. We conducted a literature review of scientific papers over the past 20 years, using the resources of the search engines PubMed, Cyberleninka and eLIBRARY, on the available methods of surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis. For this meta-analysis, we used articles containing an evidence-based experimental and clinical base on issues related to long-term and immediate results of surgical treatment.Results and discussion. We analyzed the immediate and long-term results of the methods of surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis. In almost all studies, resection-drainage methods made it possible to effectively stop the pain syndrome for a long time. However, exoand endocrine insufficiency in most cases persisted or progressed, regardless of the method used. Another disadvantage of the existing methods was the inability to stop bleeding from the area of pancreatojejunostomy in the early postoperative period, so mortality after the development of these complications ranged from 5 to 60%.Conclusion. Based on the results studied, we identified the following disadvantages of the known methods of surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis: 1. A long loop of the small intestine, at least 70 cm, turned off from digestion, leading to a significant decrease in the length of the intestinal tube, and, accordingly, the area of absorption of food nutrients. 2. The features of the reconstructive stage of the operation do not provide the physiological flow of pancreatic secretion into the duodenum and, accordingly, the activation of enzymes, thereby turning off the duodenal phase of digestion. 3. Roux-enabled loop of the small intestine creates favorable conditions for the development of excessive bacterial growth. 4. Lack of endoscopic evaluation of the pancreas to stop bleeding in the early postoperative period. After analyzing the literature data, we came to the conclusion that the elimination of these shortcomings will improve the results of chronic pancreatitis treatment.