bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstruction of modern silicon semiconductor and its future development
Authors: Sheng Taoran 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the past 50 years, silicon-based semiconductors have progressed rapidly, billions of transistors have been packed into a tiny area, and computer performance has increased by leaps and bounds; everything is systematically following Moore’s Law. In recent years, however, silicon transistors research and development has stagnated to a considerably lesser amount than in the past. Due to the material’s physical property, humans are unable to prevent silicon from reaching its physical constraints in both power and chip semiconductors as a result of advances in process technology and human technological requirements. Now, scientists are attempting several solutions to this problem. In the future, scientists will find a better material to replace silicon, alter the architectures of FETs, and create a new transistor with a completely different operating principle. This paper explores these three general directions for new types of semiconductors with a literature review method and based on current research findings. This paper is a good way to summarize what humans have accomplished to date and could serve as a guide for future endeavors.
Progress on the research of all-inorganic perovskite CsPbX3
Authors: Liu Chengyu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
All inorganic lead halide perovskite CsPbX3 (X = CI, Br, I) has excellent optical properties such as narrowband luminescence with high efficiency, adjustable optical band gap, large absorption cross-section and high carrier transmission rate, which pays an important role in photoelectric fields such as solar cells, photoelectric and etc. Starting from the crystal structure of perovskite, this paper firstly introduces its synthesis method and morphology control method; following by the emphasizing description on its size effect, photocatalytic properties and influencing factors of optical properties; then this study discusses the issues regarding its stability; and finally summarizes and prospects its application and future development, so as to offer some references for future studies.
Advanced process and methods of drug delivery process
Authors: Lu Peixuan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Drug delivery is defined as the approaches, methods and technologies involved in transporting a drug or biological agent to the target site in order to achieve a desired therapeutic effect. The usual purpose of drug delivery is to improve the bioavailability, duration and therapeutic effects of drugs, while to overcome the shortcomings such as the drug aggregation problem, limited solubility and poor absorption, along with potential side-effects in clinical therapeutic practices. In this article, the process of drug delivery is divided into four parts: the route of administration, the stealth technology for drugs, the targeting technology for drugs, and the triggering technology for drugs. Contents, roles and methods of all the four parts are briefly introduced. Advanced technologies of drug delivery, such as biomimetic modification and surface-charged drug carrier particles for stealth, microenvironment-sensitive ligands branched on drug carrier particles and even heavy metal compounds for targeting, and different triggering methods are concisely reviewed.
Research on the progress of building the coloured monodisperse microspheres
Authors: Li Zhe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Monodisperse microsphere is a kind of new polymer material with single particle size from micron to nanometer. Because of its outstanding properties, such as tiny particle size and huge specific surface area, it can be used as micro-separator, micro-storage, micro-reactor, micro-structural units, etc., and has been widely used in the fields of storage, life science, catalyst, pharmaceutical science and so on. In recent years, it has become a research hotspot for domestic and foreign scholars. Colored monodisperse microspheres have both the monodisperse property of microspheres and the color degree of dyes or fluorescent substances, which greatly improves the contrast of microspheres and thus increases their sensitivity in detection. In this paper, the methods of preparing monodisperse microspheres and color microspheres in various literatures currently are reviewed. Focusing on several representative techniques, the ideas, benefits, and drawbacks of many sample approaches are discussed in detail, the similarities and differences of various methods are compared, and the deficiencies in this field are analyzed, and their development prospects are discussed.
Application prospect and preparation method of nanomaterials
Authors: Sui Shanglin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Nanoparticles are atomic or molecular groups composed of a very small number of atoms or molecules. The particles have a shell structure. Nanomaterials are made up of a long-range ordered arrangement of atoms in grains and a disordered interface composition. The nanomaterial has a large number of interfaces. These unique volume effects, surface effects, and macroscopic quantum tunnelling effects enable nanomaterials to have unusual mechanical, electrical, magnetic, thermal, optical, catalysis, and superconducting properties. Such characteristics make nanomaterials have significant application value in the fields of national defense, electronics, chemical industry, metallurgy, light industry, aviation, ceramics, catalysts, medicine, etc. The development of nanomaterial technology will have a profound impact on the productivity and may solve a series of problems such as food, health, energy and environmental protection fundamentally. This article analyzes the application prospect of nanomaterial and different preparation method. At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of preparation are shown in the article which provides a literature review for researchers to refer.
Recent advance and mechanistic aspect of phytoremediation via plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for cadmium and chromium remediation
Authors: Teng Zuting 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this review article, the mechanism of phytoremediation via Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) for cadmium and chromium remediation are fully discussed including phytoextraction, phytostabilization, and phytovolatilization. In addition, the factors that affected the remediation are also listed. Moreover, to obtain the state-of-art in cadmium and chromium remediation and give their future perspectives, the typical examples in literatures for cadmium and chromium remediation by PGPR are collected and reviewed. Totally, this article includes 71 references.
Molecular dynamics simulations: chemical advances and applications
Authors: Yang Muzi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulation has developed into a mature technique for effective understanding of structure-function relationships of macromolecules. The present simulation time is close to the chemically relevant time. The collection of information on the dynamic properties of macromolecules is rich enough to change the conventional paradigm of chemical molecular structures from the study of single structures to the analysis of conformational ensembles. Here we describe the fundamentals of molecular dynamics and the improvements in obtaining such an overall direction. The application of this technique to three main problems: allosteric regulation, docking, and structural optimization, is discussed.
Challenges and optimization of PEMFC system in vehicles
Authors: Xu Lexiao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Switching from fossil fuel energy to clean and renewable energy to minimize car emissions is becoming more and more vital and crucial in the current condition of severe environmental pollution and serious fossil fuel shortage. However, there are still several issues with current fuel cell systems that prevent their widespread use. Due to Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells’ (PEMFCs) poor performance and the expensive operating costs of their catalysts, fuel cells are presently not widely accessible on the market. Fuel cells are seen as a potential method to reach the goal of zero emissions since they offer excellent benefits in terms of zero emissions and high efficiency. They do this by converting chemical energy into electrical energy using hydrogen. In this study, the three main parameters that affect the performance of PMFCs and the way in which the fuel cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy are investigated. Carbon corrosion damages PEMFCs performance because of high cathode potential during startup and shutdown. The breakdown of platinum particles employed as catalysts reduces the lifetime of PEMFCs and raises costs. The improvement of fuel cell systems is reviewed, along with methods for gas purification and catalysts produced from various cutting-edge materials including graphitized carbon. In order to address any potential environmental issues with fuel cells and seek to lower greenhouse gas emissions, this paper intends to explore better alternatives and give better remedies for PEMFC performance improvement and cost reduction.
Applications of trace element and isotope geochemistry in revealing origin and evolution of thermal spring water and ore deposit
Authors: Zhu Yuwen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Geochemistry is normally referred to as the study of Earth’s chemistry by exploring properties of materials and natural processes from deep beneath the Earth’s surface to the upper atmosphere, demonstrating the natural phenomena nowadays and discovering the history of nature. This study describes a subtopic of geochemistry: inorganic isotopes and trace elements, and discusses the application of the isotopes and trace elements in studies of geothermal spring water and ore deposit. The study of water samples in Hengjing, China was accomplished with the help of gas isotope analysis. The carbon isotope ratios and gas compositions indicate that the thermal waters are mostly sourced from meteoric and mantle sources in this area. The He isotope could evolute from mantle fluid, and CO2 is a product of the carbonate decomposition of rocks at high temperatures. The other study, conducted on the Zhaoxian ore deposit, revealed the origin and processes of formation of the different compositions of the ore. The magmatic-hydrothermal activity in this tectonically active area contributes much to the mineralization process of the ore, as shown by the analysis of trace elements of pyrite. The fluid inclusion He-Ar isotope shows that the ore was characterized by crust-mantle mixing with a little participation of meteoric water.
Tritium-Containing nuclear waste water discharge from Fukushima’s risks and concerns
Authors: Zhang Chunsen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The focus of this paper is on the problems posed by tritium in the nuclear wastewater from the Fukushima nuclear power plant. The Japanese government has decided to discharge wastewater containing tritium into Pacific Ocean. However, there are still differing opinions on the effects of tritium, and it is not possible to prove that large amounts of tritium have no effect. So the research of tritium-containing wastewater is necessary. This paper reviews and discusses what is known about the tritium-containing wastewater from Fukushima and the potential impacts of tritium. This paper argues that because of the potential effects of tritium and the fact that tritium-containing wastewater discharged into the sea will eventually spread around the world, more impact assessments of tritium, scientific management of nuclear wastewater discharged from Fukushima, and follow-up investigations should be conducted.
New Partial Least Square Third-order Latent Variable Models
Authors: Cheng Hao , Li Erqian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As a special case of higher-order model, third-order model has the abilities to reflect the relations among more different levels of indicators. More specially, third-order here means that there exist three different orders of latent variables and certain amounts of observed variables. The main challenge for third-order model lies in the estimation of unknown path and loading coefficients due to the complex structure inside. Our paper proposes a new estimation algorithm for third-order model under the framework of partial least square. On the above basis, we further develop a new partial least square third-order model with quantile regression and propose a new modified algorithm correspondingly. This kind of model can capture the relations among different variables at different quantiles. In addition, we develop another new partial least square third-order model with varying coefficients, which reflecting the dynamic relations among different latent variables and observed variables.
Design and Optimization of Slurry Conveying System for Small-sized Cutter Suction Dredger
Authors: Zhuang Haifei , Liu Mingming , Wang Hairong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the production capacity of a newly-built small-sized dredger, the slurry conveying system is optimized. Based on the performance test of the model pump, the water performance curve of the dredge pump is obtained through similarity conversion; By comparing the resistance of the two pipe diameters, the diameters of the suction and discharge pipes on the dredger are optimized, and the resistance consumption of the slurry conveying pipeline on the dredger is reduced. The proportion of the resistance of the pipe on the dredger to the head of the dredge pump is reduced from 11.7% and 28.7% to 4.8% and 13.5% respectively at the flow of 900 m3/h and 1,200 m3/h; After optimizing the pipe diameter, the NPSHa of the device is increased, the risk of cavitation of the dredge pump is reduced, and the slurry transportation capacity of the dredger is improved; The operating points of slurry transportation with conveying distance of 500 m to 3,000 m are calculated and analyzed respectively, and the production prediction curve is obtained to meet the design capacity of the dredger. The optimization of the slurry conveying system improves the matching of the dredge pump and pipeline to the dredger, and provides equipment support for the environmental protection dredging project of rivers, lakes and reservoirs.
Design and Flow Analysis of Special-Shaped Cross-Section Flow Channel Based on Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Zhao Zhengnan , Zhai Zirong , Wang Weihao , Wu Yingna , Ou Yao , Chang Hai 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Selective laser melting has the potential to be applied into hydraulic pipelines manufacturing because it can realize the forming of flow channels with arbitrary direction and curvature. Due to the stacking of layers, selective laser melting still has many limitations while processing complex flow channels. In particular, the manufacturing of overhanging structures with circular cross sections needs to use internal supports to prevent surface collapse, which is challenging to be removed. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the flow channel with a self-supporting ability, then systematically discussing its forming quality with the influence on fluid dynamics to compromise. In this paper, a simplified multi-channel structure with 1 inlet and 4 outlets is extracted from a hydraulic valve block of an aero-engine system, and the cross-section of its branch channel is re-designed to guarantee its self-supporting ability based on additive manufacturing optimization strategy. Numerical simulation was used to analyze the influence of different shape sections on the pressure loss and mass flow rate of multi-channel structure. The results show that the pressure loss and outlet flow of the 45° rhombus + ellipse section are the closest to the circular area. According to the maximum internal deformation of the three outlets, the 65° rhombus section has the better forming quality and the non-circular section is not the worst.
Thermal Field Simulation and Thermal Capacity Influence Factor Analysis of Disc Brake Based on Thermal-structure Coupling
Authors: Chang Jinyun , Jiang Daxin , Han Chao , Wu Xiaoyi , Hu Feng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The matching and heat dissipation capacity of the brake have an important impact on the braking performance of the vehicle. During braking, most of the driving kinetic energy of the vehicle is converted into the internal energy of the brake disc through friction heat generation, resulting in a quick rise in the temperature of the brake disc, thus causing a complex thermal-solid coupling problem. This paper takes the disc brake of a certain vehicle as the analysis object, establishes the finite element model of the disc brake through hypermesh, and analyzes the distribution characteristics of the contact pressure between the friction pad and the brake disc under clamping and torsion braking behaviors. A thermal-solid coupling simulation analysis method considering the actual heat flow and heat transfer boundary of the brake disc is proposed. Compared with the temperature field of the bench test, the simulation accuracy reaches 97%. Finally, three types of brake discs with point rib, rotation rib and straight rib are designed, and the influence of brake disc thickness, shape and number of ventilation rib on the thermal capacity of brake disc is analysed. It provides guidance for the structural design of brake discs and can replace partial tests and shorten the brake disc development cycle.
Motion Behaviors of Two Ascending Bubbles in a Wide Range of Viscous Liquid
Authors: Yuan Wenxu , Lin Wenbo , Chen Shichang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Foaming devolatilization is a common phenomenon in a process of viscous solution. Bubble growth and motion behaviors depends on the flow conditions and the properties of liquid phase and that is closely related to heat and mass transfer efficiency in devolatilization process. Herein, experimental study of two ascending bubbles in a wide range of viscous fluid were conducted to achieve an understanding of the formation, coalescence and escape. As a supplement and verification, the motion behaviors rising bubbles were also investigated numerically. Results showed that the first bubble generated a tail vortex to affect the next bubble entering the region. The escape time also increased from 0.3 s to 65 s as the fluid viscosity charged from 0.05.Pa · s to 447 Pa · s, and the bubble broke and it could not formed completely with a high viscous fluid in large rate. It was expected the experimental escape time of bubble in different flow rate was in good agreement with the numerical results.
The Friction Performance Analysis of Textured Gear under Starved MHD Lubrication
Authors: Zhao Hui , Fan Shuxin , Qu Zhongwei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the lubrication model of involute spur gear lubricated by MHD is established by considering different oil supply conditions and adding non Newtonian, thermal and surface texture. Using the multigrid method, the elastohydrodynamic numerical solutions of the meshing points, nodes, and exit points under different operating conditions during the meshing process are obtained. The results show that when the gear runs out of oil, using magnetic fluid lubrication can improve the lubrication condition. Compared to non textured gear meshing, the oil film thickness of textured gears participating in meshing is larger, which is beneficial for lubrication. The texture has the greatest impact on the node. By analyzing the influence of texture parameters at nodes, it can be seen that there is an optimal value for texture width, while a smaller depth is advantageous. It can be seen that the gear texture improves the pressure and film thickness distribution in the meshing area, which is beneficial for lubrication conditions and provides a reference for optimizing the tribological design of gears.
Use of Particle Size Distribution Model to Produce High-Flowability Cementitious Composites
Authors: Chen Jiajian , Liu Lingfei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
High packing density is desired for production of high-flowability cementitious composites. To achieve dense packing, various particle size distribution models have been proposed by researchers. In present study, with the use of two supplementary cementitious materials at different scale smaller than ordinary Portland cement (OPC), an ideal particle size distribution curve according to modified Andreasen’s formula has been produced. Analysis of particle size distribution showed that blending the cement with superfine cement (SFC) and/or condensed silica fume (CSF) would make the curve closer to the ideal curve, hinting that a better packing could be achieved. Packing densities of the cementitious materials were then directly obtained through a wet packing method, and results verified that cementitious materials mix blended with SFC and/or CSF own higher packing densities.
Experimental Study on Thixotropy of Temporarily Stored Sludge
Authors: Ma Yuan , Liu Mingming , Guo Tao , Wu Tengwei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of strong viscosity and low transportation efficiency of temporary stored sludge in Laogang Shanghai, an experimental study on sludge thixotropy was carried out to study the changes of sludge viscosity with shear rate and standing time, the changes of shear stress with shear rate at different solid content, and the changes of sludge shear stress with time at constant shear rate at different solid content. On this basis, dynamic equilibrium rheological curves for different solid content were established, and numerical simulation techniques were used to form a mathematical expression of the dynamic equilibrium rheological curve for temporary storage sludge. The thixotropic index for different solid content was obtained, providing theoretical support for efficient transportation of temporary storage sludge.
Research on Gas Flow in Vertical Fissure Field of Coal Mine Goaf
Authors: Xia Debin , Lei Yun , Pei Guihong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The gas in the goaf of a coal mine is difficult to extract compared to the gas in the roadway. Studying the flow pattern of gas in the goaf fracture field is of great significance for optimizing gas extraction measures and ensuring coal mine production safety. Taking a coal mining face in Shaanxi Province, China as the research object, a mathematical model of gas flow was constructed. Through finite element numerical simulation, the pressure and velocity distribution of gas in the goaf fracture field were obtained, and the influence of vertical fracture field on gas flow was analyzed. The research results provide a theoretical basis for coal mine gas control.
Calculation of Dynamic Derivatives for High-Speed Vehicles Based on the National Numerical Windtunnel Software
Authors: Wang Xinguang , Yan Hao , He Kun , Chen Qi , Wan Zhao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Based on the NNW-HyFLOW high-speed numerical simulation software, the forced-oscillation dynamic derivatives module has been constructed using the unsteady implicit method, dual time stepping and rigid rotary grid deformation. The code has been validated by the calculation of Finner, HBS, blunt cone and OV-102 vehicle in the range of Mach number 1.85∼6.85 and angle of attack 0∼20°. Compared with the results from experiments, engineering methods and other software, all predicted dynamic derivatives have the same sign as experimental values, and the overall error is within 15%, which illustrate the effectiveness of the dynamic derivative module. Due to the difference of numerical and experimental environment and error bands of both, the numerical predictions of the damping derivatives and cross-coupling derivatives are consistent with the experimental values, which means that the proposed module has the capacity to calculate dynamic derivatives for complex engineering vehicles.