bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased stromal expression and increased epithelial expression of WFDC1/ps20 in prostate cancer is associated with reduced recurrence‐free survival
Authors: McAlhany Stephanie J. , Ayala Gustavo E. , Frolov Anna , Ressler Steven J. , Wheeler Thomas M. , Watson J.E. Vivienne , Collins Colin , Rowley David R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDWAP‐type four disulfide core (WFDC1)/ps20 is a member of the whey acidic protein family, which includes several serine protease inhibitors. Expression of WFDC1/ps20 was previously demonstrated in the normal human prostate stromal compartment. To further current understanding of the role of WFDC1/ps20 in prostate cancer, altered expression of WFDC1/ps20 protein in prostate cancer was evaluated.METHODSImmunohistochemical staining for WFDC1/ps20 was performed using tissue microarrays. Quantitation was based on the percentage of positive‐staining stromal or epithelial cells and staining intensity. Resulting data was analyzed relative to the recurrence‐free survival data and additional information for this patient set.RESULTSDecreased stromal expression of WFDC1/ps20 predicted shorter recurrence‐free survival time by univariate analysis. Decreased stromal WFDC1/ps20 expression correlated with higher radical prostatectomy Gleason scores, positive surgical margins, extracapsular extension, higher clinical stage, and higher preoperative prostate specific antigen levels. Increased epithelial expression of WFDC1/ps20 also predicted shorter recurrence‐free survival times by univariate analysis. Increased epithelial expression of WFDC1/ps20 correlated with higher biopsy and radical prostatectomy Gleason scores, and higher clinical stage.CONCLUSIONSDecreased stromal WFDC1/ps20 expression reflects the evolution of a prostate cancer reactive stroma, while increased epithelial WFDC1/ps20 expression may indicate progression to a more aggressive epithelial phenotype and may indicate an epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Further evaluation of WFDC1/ps20 biologic functions will aid in the understanding of this interesting expression profile. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fumigation toxicity of volatile natural and synthetic cyanohydrins to stored‐product pests and activity as soil fumigants
Authors: Park Dong‐Sik , Peterson Chris , Zhao Shaohan , Coats Joel R 
Published: April 2004

AbstractInsecticidal fumigation toxicity of natural and synthetic cyanohydrins was evaluated with four stored‐product pests: the lesser grain borer,Rhyzopertha dominica(F), the red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneumHerbst, the saw‐toothed grain beetleOryzaephilus surinamensisL, the maize weevil,Sitophilus zeamais(Motsch) and the house fly,Musca domesticaL. The fumigation LC50values were calculated by probit analysis. For house flies, all but one of the cyanohydrins tested were more potent than 1,3‐dichloropropene (Telone®). Three were as efficacious as chloropicrin. For the lesser grain borer, all cyanohydrins tested were more insecticidal than dichloropropene, and all but one were more potent than chloropicrin. Four were as insecticidal as dichlorvos. The acetate of 1‐cyano‐1‐hydroxy‐2‐propene (CHP‐ace) was also tested in soil for antifungal and antibacterial activity, and inhibition of weed seed germination. CHP‐ace reduced the total soil bacterial and fungal counts significantly, and was effective in inhibiting the germination of weed seeds in soil, indicating a broad spectrum of activity as a soil fumigant. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Exposure to sulfosulfuron in agricultural drainage ditches: field monitoring and scenario‐based modelling
Authors: Brown Colin D , Dubus Igor G , Fogg Paul , Spirlet Marie , Gustin Christophe 
Published: April 2004

AbstractField monitoring and scenario‐based modelling were used to assess exposure of small ditches in the UK to the herbicide sulfosulfuron following transport via field drains. A site in central England on a high pH, clay soil was treated with sulfosulfuron, and concentrations were monitored in the single drain outfall and in the receiving ditch 1 km downstream. Drainflow in the nine months following application totalled 283 mm. Pesticide lost in the first 12.5 mm of flow was 99% of the total loading to drains (0.5% of applied). Significant dilution was observed in the receiving ditch and quantifiable residues were only detected in one sample (0.06 µg litre−1). The MACRO model was evaluated against the field data with minimal calibration. The parameterisation over‐estimated the importance of macropore flow at the site. As a consequence, the maximum concentration in drainflow (2.3 µg litre−1) and the total loading to drains (0.76 g) were over‐estimated by factors of 2.4 and 5, respectively. MACRO was then used to simulate long‐term fate of the herbicide for each of 20 environmental scenarios. Resulting estimates for concentrations of sulfosulfuron in a receiving ditch were weighted according to the prevalence of each scenario to produce a probability distribution of daily exposure. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of insecticides and defoliants applied alone and in combination for control of overwintering boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis; Coleoptera: Curculionidae)—laboratory and field studies
Authors: Greenberg Shoil M , Sappington Thomas W , Elzen Gary W , Norman John W , Sparks Alton N 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn laboratory, greenhouse and field tests, we determined the effects of combining full rates of the defoliants tribufos and thidiazuron and the herbicide thifensulfuron‐methyl with half rates of the insecticides lambda‐cyhalothrin or azinphos‐methyl, and the combination of tribufos and thidiazuron, both in half rates, on mortality of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman and on the quality of defoliation. Tribufos, 0.47 kg ha−1 and tribufos, 0.235 kg ha−1 + thidiazuron, 0.125 kg ha−1 exhibited a slightly toxic effect to boll weevil, while tribufos, 0.47 kg ha−1 + lambda − cyhalothrin, 0.019 kg ha−1, tribufos, 0.47 kg ha−1 + azinphos − methyl, 0.14 kg ha−1, and tribufos, 0.235 kg ha−1 + thidiazuron, 0.125 kg ha−1 + azinphos − methyl, 0.14 kg ha−1, provided control of boll weevil as good as or better than full‐rate azinphos‐methyl or lambda‐cyhalothrin alone owing to synergistic effects. Thidiazuron or thifensulfuron‐methyl alone or in combination with insecticides did not affect boll weevil mortality. Treatment with tribufos + thidiazuron, both at half rate, significantly increased defoliation compared to full rates of tribufos or thidiazuron alone, and provided adequate defoliation for approximately the same cost per hectare. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
C60Cl24 molecule in crystalline toluene matrix
Authors: Smirnov V. P. , Razbirin B. S. , Starukhin A. N. , Chugreev A. V. , Grushko Yu. S. , Kolesnik S. , Konstantinov B. P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe absorption spectra of the molecules C60Cl24 embedded in a solid matrix of toluene, C6H5(CH3), consist of three groups of lines, A, B, and C, situated at 1.6–1.8, 2.3–2.5, and 2.6–2.8 eV. We assign the groups of lines to purely electronic and electron‐vibrational (vibronic) transitions So → Sn in C60Cl24 molecules in different positions with respect to the crystalline matrix (Shpol'skii effect). The molecules C60Cl24 are known to have three isomers: a Th‐symmetric and two D2h‐symmetric (1 and 2). The D2h‐symmetric isomer 1 has the most appropriate value of the first electronic transition and is probably responsible for the observed absorption spectra. We report the results of calculations made to find the most appropriate cavities in a toluene crystal and the most advantageous positions of D2h‐symmetric isomers 1 of the C60Cl24 molecule in these cavities. The most appropriate three cavities in the toluene crystal for the D2h‐symmetric isomers 1 of the C60Cl24 molecule are found to be centered in the inversion center rc = 0.5 a (a, b, c being primitive translation vectors) and formed by moving away 14 somewhat different toluene molecules. The very fact that there exists a relatively small number of energetically preferred ways to embed the molecule C60Cl24 in the crystal matrix of toluene is encouraging and correlates with the small number of Shpol'skii lines in the spectra of pure electronic transitions in the system under consideration. Taking into account toluene molecule relaxation around the embedded molecule C60Cl24 will permit a closer comparison of the theoretical and experimental results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Dried‐droplet probe preparation on AnchorChip™ targets for navigating the acquisition of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight spectra by fluorescence of matrix/analyte crystals
Authors: Thomas Henrik , Havliš Jan , Peychl Jan , Shevchenko Andrej 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe have developed a dried‐droplet probe preparation method for peptide mass fingerprinting by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS), which uses AnchorChip™ targets and α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) as a matrix. Upon drying of a matrix and analyte mixture on the AnchorChip, salts and low molecular weight contaminants were pooled at the hydrophilic metal anchor, whereas 10–50 μm matrix/peptide crystals firmly adhered at the surface of a hydrophobic polymer and the entire target could be subsequently washed by submerging it in 5% formic acid for 2–3 min. Epifluorescence microscopy suggested that peptides were completely co‐localized with CHCA crystals at the AnchorChip surface. Fluorescent images of the probes were of good contrast and were background‐free, compared with images taken by a video camera built into the ion source. CHCA/peptide crystals were easy to recognize at the surface and peptide mass maps were acquired from them without further adjustment of the position of the laser beam. These crystals were remarkably stable towards the laser depletion and almost no matrix‐related ions were typically observed in the low m/z region of peptide mass maps. The sensitivity of the peptide mass mapping was at the low‐femtomole level. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fragmentation study of a flavone triglycoside, kaempferol‐3‐O‐robinoside‐7‐O‐rhamnoside
Authors: March Raymond E. , Miao Xiu‐Sheng , Metcalfe Chris D. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA mass spectrometric method based on the combined use of electrospray ionization, collision‐induced dissociation and tandem mass spectrometry has been applied to the structural characterization of the flavone triglycoside, robinin (3,5,7,4′‐tetrahydroxyflavone‐3‐O‐robinoside‐7‐O‐rhamnoside). The deprotonated molecule fragments by loss of the rhamnose glycan residue to yield the Y7− ion (m/z 593) and by scission of the robinose glycan residue to yield the radical anion [Y3,0‐H]−. (m/z 430). The Y7− ion fragments by scission of the robinose glycan residue to yield the radical anion of Y7[Y3,0H]−. (m/z 284). The [Y3,0H]−. radical anion fragments by loss of the rhamnose glycan residue to yield the radical anion Y7[Y3,0H]−. (m/z 284) and by scission to yield [Y7H][Y3,0H]− (m/z 283). A fragmentation mechanism has been proposed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multivariate approaches for efficient detection of potential metabolites from liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry data
Authors: Idborg Helena , Edlund Per‐Olof , Jacobsson Sven P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis work describes a novel method for rapid screening of unknown metabolites in urine samples that narrows down the list of potential metabolites. Prior to analysis by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS), urine samples were prepared using solid‐phase extraction (SPE). Automatic curve resolution was used for deconvolution of the LC/MS data, followed by peak alignment. Preprocessed data were then used for metabolite pattern recognition using principal component analysis (PCA), parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), and multilinear partial least squares (N‐PLS). This approach enabled the rapid detection of metabolites of citalopram in urine by maximizing the information extracted. The metabolites thus identified were compared with earlier studies on the metabolism of citalopram. In addition, new, unreported metabolites were found and characterized by LC/MS/MS and accurate mass measurements. A combination of data from positive and negative ionization enhanced the identification of metabolites. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential edges in Poisson random hypergraphs
Authors: Goldschmidt Christina , Norris James 
Published: April 2004

AbstractConsider a random hypergraph on a set of N vertices in which, for 1 ≤ k ≤ N, a Poisson (Nβk) number of hyperedges is scattered randomly over all subsets of size k. We collapse the hypergraph by running the following algorithm to exhaustion: Pick a vertex having a 1‐edge and remove it; collapse the hyperedges over that vertex onto their remaining vertices; repeat until there are no 1‐edges left. We call the vertices removed in this process identifiable. Also any hyperedge all of whose vertices are removed is called identifiable. We say that a hyperedge is essential if its removal prior to collapse would have reduced the number of identifiable vertices. The limiting proportions, as N → ∞, of identifiable vertices and hyperedges were obtained in R. W. R. Darling and J. R. Norris [Structure of large random hypergraphs, Ann Appl Probab, to appear. In this paper, we establish the limiting proportion of essential hyperedges. We also discuss, in the case of a random graph, the relation of essential edges to the 2‐core of the graph, the maximal subgraph with minimal vertex degree 2. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2004
Assigning people to roles in software projects
Authors: Acuña Silvia T. , Juristo Natalia 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper is based on the premise that people's behavioural competencies or characteristics of professional conduct influence the effectiveness and efficiency with which they perform a predetermined role in the software process. We propose a capabilities‐oriented process model that includes traditional elements of the software process (activities, products, techniques, people and roles) and the original element of this paper (capabilities). With the aim of adding behavioural competencies to the process model, we define the capability–person and capability–role relationships involved in software development. Additionally, we propose two procedures that are based on each of these relationships: a procedure that can be used to determine the capabilities of the members of a development team; and a procedure that can be used to assign people to perform roles depending on their capabilities and the capabilities demanded by the roles. Finally, the person–capabilities–role relationship has been empirically validated. The results yielded by this experiment confirm the hypothesis that assigning people to roles according to their capabilities and the capabilities demanded by the role improves software development. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Xenoestrogenic effects of ethinylestradiol in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Versonnen Bram J. , Janssen Colin R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTo assess the estrogenic effects of ethinylestradiol on zebrafish, zebrafish at different developmental stages (embryos, juveniles, and adults) were exposed to the synthetic hormone ethinylestradiol (EE2) in concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 ng/L for up to 33 days. Survival, hatching, length, weight, growth, condition, hepatosomatic index, gonadosomatic index, and vitellogenin (VTG) production were examined. Exposure of zebrafish juveniles and embryos to 100 ng EE2/L for up to 33 days had significant effects on survival, growth, and hatching. Two VTG fragments with molecular weights of approximately 140 and 170 kDa were detected with protein electrophoresis and Western blotting in the blood of exposed males and exposed and unexposed females, as well as in whole‐body homogenates of exposed and unexposed juveniles. Significantly higher VTG concentrations (compared to controls) were measured in adults exposed to 10 and 100 ng EE2/L for 14 days, but not in fish exposed to 1 ng EE2/L. This study demonstrated that (1) zebrafish juveniles, larvae, and embryos are sensitive to the toxic effects of the endocrine disrupter EE2; (2) the effects on VTG production in adults are detected after exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of EE2; (3) unexposed juvenile zebrafish produce measurable concentrations of VTG. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 19: 198–206, 2004.
Survey of hormone activities in municipal biosolids and animal manures
Authors: Lorenzen Angela , Hendel John G. , Conn Kenneth L. , Bittman Shabtai , Kwabiah Allan B. , Lazarovitz George , Massé Daniel , McAllister Tim A. , Topp Edward 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe potential exists for natural or synthetic hormonal chemicals present in agricultural fertilizers to be transferred to adjacent aquatic environments in order to alter endocrine function in exposed wildlife. Recombinant yeast and mammalian cell line (BG1Luc4E2) assays were used to screen crude organic extracts of municipal biosolids and animal manures for estrogen‐, androgen‐, and progesterone receptor gene transcription activities. Of the biosolid extracts, those samples that had undergone aerobic digestion had no or minimal estrogen‐ and no androgen receptor gene transcription activities. In contrast, those biosolid samples that had undergone anaerobic digestion had much higher estrogen‐ and, for all but one site, androgen receptor gene transcription activities. Extracts prepared from animal manure samples had variable levels of androgen‐ and estrogen receptor gene transcription activities, which may be related to the type, sex, age, and reproductive status of the animals. The diet and treatment of animals with hormone implants also appeared to be factors influencing hormone activity in animal manure. Progesterone receptor gene transcription activity was observed for only one chicken litter sample. Overall, results of this study suggest that in vitro bioassays can be used to survey and detect hormone activity in municipal biosolids and animal manures. Furthermore, results of these assays can be used to develop practices that will minimize the potential environmental endocrine‐disrupting effects of these substances. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 19: 216–225, 2004.
Evaluation of microbiological and physicochemical indicators for wastewater treatment
Authors: Howard I. , Espigares E. , Lardelli P. , Martín J. L. , Espigares M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe quality control of wastewater treatments was monitored using selected novel and classical physicochemical and microbiological indicators, and the associations of the treatments with the effluents was analyzed. The microbiological indicators monitored were heterotrophic plate count (HPC), total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC), fecal streptococci (FS), sulfite‐reducing clostridia (SRC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella spp. The stages of wastewater treatment also were evaluated through determination of ammonia; biological oxygen demand (BOD5); chemical oxygen demand (COD); chloride; conductivity; suspended dissolved and total solids; fats; nitrate, nitrite, and total nitrogen; pH; phosphate and total phosphorus. Additional indicators included the Escherichia coli growth inhibition (IGEC) bioassay for assessing whole effluent toxicity, spectral determinations between wavelengths (λ) 190–650 nm, and total (TP) and soluble (SP) protein contents. Of the more common physicochemical parameters, only BOD5, COD, suspended and total solids, and fats showed a statistically significant reduction between raw water and effluent; for the microbiological indicators, significant reduction was seen only for HPC, FC, and Ps. aeruginosa. We suggest that determinations of Ps. aeruginosa be commonly used as an indicator of wastewater quality. Spectral analysis—most notably the values of absorbance at 225, 255, and 295 nm—revealed a statistically significant correlation with several physicochemical parameters. Statistical analysis of SP and TP values showed them to be good indicators of contamination. The quantitative study of Salmonella spp. and the results of the IGEC bioassay show the need for close control of infectious and toxic risks in wastewater and effluents. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 19: 241–249, 2004.
Direct and interactive effects of ecologically relevant concentrations of organic wastewater contaminants on Rana pipiens tadpoles
Authors: Fraker Stephanie L. , Smith Geoffrey R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOrganic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) have recently been documented in several aquatic ecosystems. We examined the effects of three OWCs (caffeine, acetaminophen, and triclosan) on the activity level, startle response, survivorship, and growth of northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) tadpoles. We conducted two experiments: one on the effects of acetaminophen and triclosan alone and in combination, and the other on the effects of caffeine and acetaminophen alone and in combination. In both experiments acetaminophen had no effect on activity, startle response, survivorship, or final mass. In experiment 1, tadpoles exposed to triclosan were less active than controls. Tadpoles exposed to the highest triclosan concentration had lower startle response and survivorship than in the other concentrations and in the control. Tadpoles exposed to the intermediate triclosan concentrations were heavier than in other treatments, but not in the control. In experiment 2, tadpoles exposed to the highest caffeine concentration were the most active. Acetaminophen increased the effect of caffeine on activity. More tadpoles exposed to caffeine exhibited a startle response than did control tadpoles. Survivorship was 100% for all caffeine treatments. There was a tendency (P = 0.06) for tadpoles exposed to higher concentrations of caffeine to be smaller. In general, the interactive effects were not important. Our results show that ecologically relevant levels of some OWCs can have both behavioral and physiological effects on R. pipiens tadpoles. Thus, amphibians may be affected by exposure to levels of OWCs that appear to be widespread in aquatic ecosystems. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 19: 250–256, 2004.