bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac specification of embryonic stem cells
Authors: Ménard Claudine , Grey Corinne , Méry Annabelle , Zeineddine Dana , Aimond Franck , Pucéat Michel 
Published: September 2004

AbstractOver the past decade, cell transplantation has been recognized as a mean of repairing infarcted myocardium. Both adult stem cells and differentiated cells have yielded encouraging results with regard to engraftment into postinfarction scars. However, these cells now feature serious restrictions. As an alternative, embryonic stem (ES) cells are particularly attractive, because of their plasticity and the subsequent possibility to drive them towards a cardiomyogenic phenotype after exposure to appropriate growth factors. An additional theoretical advantage of ES cells is their expected immune privilege. In this article, we summarize the findings obtained in cell therapy using ES cells and discuss the molecular mechanisms of cardiac specification of the cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The performance of nonhybrid density functionals for calculating the structures and spin states of Fe(II) and Fe(III) complexes
Authors: Deeth Robert J. , Fey Natalie 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe local density approximation and a range of nonhybrid gradient corrected density functionals (PW91, BLYP, PBE, revPBE, RPBE) have been assessed with respect to the prediction of geometries and spin‐state energy preferences for a range of homoleptic Fe(II)L6 and Fe(III)L6 complexes, where L = Cl−, CN−, NH3, pyridine, imidazole, H2O, OCH2 and tetrahydrofuran. While the qualitative spin‐state energies from in vacuo structure optimizations are reasonable the geometries are relatively poorly treated, especially for [FeCl6]3−/4−. Structural results for all the complexes are significantly improved by including environmental effects. The best compromise between structural and spin‐state predictive accuracy was obtained for the RPBE functional in combination with the COSMO solvation approach. This approach systematically overestimates the energetic preference for a low spin state, which is partly due to the well‐known effect of the lack of exact exchange in nonhybrid functionals and partly due to the larger solvation stabilization of low‐spin complexes that have shorter bond lengths and thus smaller molecular volumes than their high‐spin partners. Calculations on low spin [Fe(bipy)3]2+ and [Fe(phen)3]2+ and their ortho methyl substituted analogs, which are high spin at room temperature but cross over to low spin at low temperature, suggest the RPBE/COSMO combination generates low spin states which are too stable by approximately 13 kcal mol−1. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 25: 1840–1848, 2004
Cognitive‐behavioral therapy for children who have obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Piacentini John , Langley Audra K. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is a relatively chronic and impairing disorder in children and adolescents. Whereas childhood OCD was largely ignored in the past, major advances in the identification and treatment over the past 20 years have led to a significant upsurge in the prevalence of youngsters seeking treatment for this problem. The present article describes the use of exposure‐based cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of childhood OCD. Although the phenomenology of OCD is largely consistent across the age span, traditional adult CBT approaches have been modified for use with children and adolescents in order to address those developmental differences that do exist. The case example describes the use of CBT for a child who has OCD and highlights these developmental considerations, including age‐appropriate techniques to address family involvement in the disorder and the impact of symptoms on the psychosocial functioning of the patient. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session.
PI‐3K/Akt and NF‐κB/IκBα pathways are activated in Jurkat T cells in response to TRAIL treatment
Authors: Zauli Giorgio , Sancilio Silvia , Cataldi Amelia , Sabatini Nadia , Bosco Domenico , Di Pietro Roberta 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate the involvement of survival pathways in the response of Jurkat T leukaemic cells sensitive to the cytotoxic action of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL)/Apo2L. Jurkat T cells express TRAIL‐R2/DR5 and TRAIL‐R4/DcR2 receptors and start to die by apoptosis early (3 h) upon TRAIL administration reaching a dose‐dependent increase in the percentage of dead cells within 48 h (up to 85–90%). This increase in cell death is accompanied by a dose‐dependent significant (P < 0.05) increase in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and reverted by the treatment with a broad inhibitor of caspases, z‐VAD‐fmk. Co‐treatment of the cells with inhibitors of PI‐3 kinase (LY294002) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) (SN50) pathways leads to an earlier significantly increased cytotoxicity, respectively in the form of apoptosis and necrosis. Consistently with the data obtained with the pharmacological inhibitors, the activation and nuclear translocation of both PI‐3K and NF‐κB were observed. In summary, our results provide evidence that even in sensitive neoplastic cells TRAIL paradoxically activates pro‐survival pathways, which protect against TRAIL‐mediated death since their inhibition leads to an earlier and increased cytotoxicity. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A procollagen C‐proteinase inhibitor diminishes collagen and lysyl oxidase processing but not collagen cross‐linking in osteoblastic cultures
Authors: Pischon Nicole , Babakhanlou‐Chase Hermik , Darbois Laurent , Ho Wen‐Bin , Brenner Mitchell C. , Kessler Efrat , Palamakumbura Amitha H. , Trackman Philip C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe deposition of insoluble functional collagen occurs following extracellular proteolytic processing of procollagens by procollagen N‐ and C‐proteinases, fibril formation, and lysyl oxidase dependent cross‐linking. Procollagen C‐proteinases in addition process and activate lysyl oxidase. The present study evaluates a possible role for procollagen C‐proteinases in controlling different aspects of collagen deposition in vitro. Studies determine whether inhibition of procollagen C‐proteinase activity with a specific BMP‐1 inhibitor results in perturbations in lysyl oxidase activation, and in collagen processing, deposition, and cross‐linking in phenotypically normal cultured murine MC3T3‐E1 cells. Data show that BMP‐1 Inhibitor dose dependently inhibits lysyl oxidase activation by up to 50% in undifferentiated proliferating cells. In differentiating cultures, BMP‐1 inhibitor decreased collagen processing but did not inhibit the accumulation of mature collagen cross‐links. Finally, electron microscopy studies show that collagen fibril diameter increased. Thus, inhibition of procollagen C‐proteinases results in perturbed collagen deposition primarily via decreased collagen processing. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of EGF on H2O2‐induced inhibition of α‐MG uptake in renal proximal tubule cells: Involvement of MAPK and AA release
Authors: Han Ho Jae , Lee Yun Jung , Park Ji Yong , Kim Eun Jung , Lee Jang Hern , Taub Mary L. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBoth oxidative stress and epidermal growth factor (EGF) contribute to the initiation and progression of renal proximal tubular dysfunction under pathophysiologic conditions. Thus, this study was performed (1) to examine both the individual, and the combined effects of H2O2 and EGF on α‐methyl‐D‐glucopyranoside uptake (α‐MG uptake) in the primary cultured renal proximal tubule cells (PTCs), and (2) to elucidate the involvement of p44/42 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phospholipase A2 in mediating these actions. Both H2O2 and EGF inhibited α‐MG uptake individually, while the combination of H2O2 and EGF further potentiated the inhibitory effect on α‐MG uptake, which was elicited by each agent. H2O2 not only caused a rapid increase in the phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK, but also promoted the translocation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) from the cytosolic to particulate fraction, and stimulated cellular [3H]‐arachidonic acid (AA) release. EGF similarly activates phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK and stimulates [3H]‐AA release. When PTCs were exposed to 100 μM H2O2 and 50 ng/ml EGF simultaneously, a further increase in the phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK, of [3H]‐AA release, and of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was elicited as compared with the effects of each individual agonist alone. Moreover, the additive phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK, [3H]‐AA release, and PGE2 production by H2O2 and EGF was almost completely inhibited by the p44/42 MAPK inhibitor, PD 98059. In conclusion, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that under conditions of oxidative stress, the H2O2‐induced inhibition of α‐MG uptake in the renal proximal tubule is mediated through a modulation of the EGF signaling pathway, promoting further phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK, activation of PLA2. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An efficient and environmentally friendly method for synthesis of arylmethylenemalononitrile catalyzed by Montmorillonite K10–ZnCl2 under ultrasound irradiation
Authors: Li Ji‐Tai , Xing Chun‐Yong , Li Tong‐Shuang 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMontmorillonite K10‐supported ZnCl2 is an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst. Knoevenagel condensation of malononitrile with aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by K10–ZnCl2 in anhydrous ethanol produces arylmethylenemalononitriles in 87–98% yield within 2–10 min under ultrasound irradiation. The catalyst can be reused two times without significant decrease in activity. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
The antifungal activity and biotransformation of diisophorone by the fungus Aspergillus niger
Authors: Kiran Ismail , Yildirim Hande N , Hanson James R , Hitchcock Peter B 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe microbial transformation of racemic diisophorone was investigated using the plant pathogen Aspergillus niger as a biocatalyst. Incubation of diisophorone with Aspergillus niger gave 8α‐hydroxy‐diisophorone, 10‐hydroxydiisophorone and 17‐hydroxydiisophorone on the basis of their spectroscopic data including two‐dimensional NMR analysis, nOe and an X‐ray crystallographic study. The antifungal activity of diisophorone against Aspergillus niger was also examined. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of retention time and organic loading rate on anaerobic acidification and biogasification of dairy manure
Authors: Demirer GN , Chen S 
Published: September 2004

AbstractVast amounts of animal manure produced from concentrated animal feeding operations have the potential to be converted into economic gain if the proper processing technology is employed. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an effective way to convert organic wastes including animal manure into profitable by‐products as well as to reduce the pollution of water, air, and soil caused by these wastes. Two‐phase AD of manure offers several advantages over conventional one‐phase AD. Solids reduction through hydrolysis/acidification might be very significant for animal manure which contains high amounts of solids. However, to date, studies of two‐phase AD of animal manure have been limited to screened manure. Therefore, this study investigated the two‐phase AD of dairy manure with particular emphasis on the effects of retention time and organic loading rate (OLR) on anaerobic acidification and biogasification of unscreened dairy manure. The results indicated that pre‐acidification of dairy manure in daily‐fed continuously‐mixed reactors with no recycle led to significantly high reduction efficiencies of volatile solids and, thus, biogas production in the subsequent methanogenic reactor especially at OLRs of 4–10 g VS dm−3 day−1. However, the extent of the stimulation in the biogas production relative to corresponding feed samples was quite variable (between 6.9 and 64.7%) for different solids retention times and OLR combinations. A relatively lower performance was observed for the high OLRs (20–30 g VS dm−3 day−1) used which was attributed to the possible wash‐out of the acidifiers at the considerably low retention times (1.25–4 days) used. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Vasectomy‐related changes on sonographic examination of the scrotum
Authors: Reddy Neena M. , Gerscovich Eugenio O. , Jain Kiran A. , Le‐Petross Huong T. , Brock John M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPurposeThe goal of this study was to evaluate the sonographic changes in the epididymis and testis after vasectomy using state‐of‐the‐art high‐resolution equipment.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of 30 patients with a history of vasectomy and 30 patients without who were referred for scrotal sonography for various indications over a 1‐year period. After excluding findings related to acute pathology, sonographic findings for the epididymis and testis in the 2 groups were tabulated and compared.ResultsThe following findings had a statistically higher incidence in the vasectomy group than in the controls: thickened epididymides (53% versus 17%, p < 0.05); epididymal tubular ectasia (43% versus 7%, p < 0.001); and both of the previous 2 findings simultaneously (37% versus 7%, p < 0.01). Sperm granulomas were found in 3 patients in the vasectomy group, and none was seen in the control group. Other findings (eg, epididymal cysts) showed no statistical difference in incidence.ConclusionsWe found a significantly higher incidence of thickened epididymides, epididymal tubular ectasia, a combination of both these findings, and sperm granuloma in the vasectomy group than in the controls. These findings are most likely attributable to postvasectomy obstructive changes and increased intraluminal pressure in the efferent ducts, epididymis, and vas deferens. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 32:394–398, 2004
Cloacal anomaly simulating megalocystis in the first trimester
Authors: Taipale Pekka , Heinonen Kirsti , Kainulainen Sakari , Seuri Raija , Heinonen Seppo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe present a case of cloacal anomaly that simulated megalocystis in the first trimester of gestation of a female fetus. During the second trimester, repeated paracentesis was necessary to treat increasing ascites, oligohydramnios, and hydronephrosis. Our data support findings that ascites presenting with a multiloculated cystic structure on sonography during the second trimester may be typical for cloacal anomalies. Active treatment of the fetal ascites is recommended to improve the child's prospects for survival. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 32:419–422, 2004
Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical analyses of opioid treatment effects on PC3 prostatic cancer cells
Authors: Baldelli Beatrice , Vecchio Lorella , Biggiogera Marco , Vittoria Emanuela , Muzzonigro Giovanni , Gazzanelli Giancarlo , Malatesta Manuela 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSome opioid peptides are able to inhibit the growth of human prostatic cancer cells; in particular, the [D‐Ala2,D‐Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) reduces PC3 cell growth. In order to understand how DADLE decreases cell proliferation, we investigated, by electron microscopy, its effects on PC3 cellular components. PC3 cells were incubated with DADLE and processed for both ultrastructural morphology and immunoelectron microscopy. Some cells were incubated with BrU to determine the transcriptional rate. BrU and DADLE molecules were detected by immunogold techniques and the labeling was quantitatively evaluated. Modifications of some cytoplasmic and nuclear components were observed in DADLE‐treated cells. Moreover, treated cells incorporated lower amounts of BrU than control cells. DADLE molecules were located in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, especially on mRNA transcription and early splicing sites. Our data suggest that DADLE is able to slow down the synthetic activity of PC3 cells, perhaps interfering with nuclear functions. Microsc. Res. Tech. 64:243–249, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Forbidden minors for wye‐delta‐wye reducibility
Authors: Yu Yaming 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA graph is Y Δ Y reducible if it can be reduced to a single vertex by a sequence of series‐parallel reductions and Y Δ Y transformations. The class of Y Δ Y reducible graphs is minor closed. We found a large number of minor minimal Y Δ Y irreducible graphs: a family of 57578 31‐edge graphs and another 40‐edge graph. It is still an open problem to characterize Y Δ Y reducible graphs in terms of a finite set of forbidden minors. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 47: 317–321, 2004
Obtaining thermochemical data by the extended kinetic method
Authors: Bouchoux Guy , Sablier Michel , Berruyer‐Penaud Florence 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA microcanonical analysis of the extended kinetic method is performed using statistical rate calculations based on orbiting transition state theory. The model systems simulate polydentate bases M which exhibit losses of entropy upon protonation of up to 35 kJ mol−1 K−1. It is shown that the correlations using the natural logarithm of the ratio of rate constants vs the proton affinity of the reference bases, at several effective temperatures, lead to correct proton affinity and protonation entropy of the base M of interest. A systematic underestimate of the latter quantity (by 5–15%), mainly due to the use of a linear rather than a polynomial curve fitting procedure, is noted, however. When considering experimental data, more severe underestimates are observed for the protonation entropies of polydentate bases (by 50–90%). The origins of these considerable discrepancies are beyond the limits of the present modeling and remain to be determined. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of droplet size, capillary–cone distance and selected instrumental parameters for the analysis of noncovalent protein–ligand complexes by nano‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Benkestock Kurt , Sundqvist Gustav , Edlund Per‐Olof , Roeraade Johan 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIt has been suggested in the literature that nano‐electrospray ionization (nano‐ESI) mass spectrometry better reflects the equilibrium between complex and free protein in solution than pneumatically assisted electrospray ionization (ESI) in noncovalent interaction studies. However, no systematic studies of the effects of ionization conditions have been performed to support this statement. In the present work, different instrumental and sample‐derived parameters affecting the stability of noncovalent complexes during analysis by nano‐ESI were investigated. In general, increased values of parameters such as drying gas flow‐rate, ion‐source temperature, capillary tip voltage and buffer concentration lead to a dissociation of ribonuclease A (RNAse)–cytidine 2′‐monophosphate (CMP) and cytidine 5′‐triphosphate (CTP) complexes. The size of the electrosprayed droplets was shown to be an important issue. Increasing the capillary to cone distance yielded an increased complex to free protein ratio when a hydrophilic ligand was present and the reverse effect was obtained with a hydrophobic ligand. Important in this regard is the degree of sampling of ions originating from late‐generation residue droplets, that is, ions present in the droplet bulk. Sampling of these ions increases with longer capillary–cone distance (flight time). Furthermore, when the sample flow‐rate was increased by increasing the capillary internal tip i.d. from 4 to 30 µm, a decreased complex to free protein ratio for the RNAse–CTP system was observed. This behavior was consistent with the change in surface to volume ratio for flow‐rates between 2 and 100 nl min−1. Finally, polarity switching between positive and negative ion modes gave a higher complex to free protein ratio when the ligand and the protein had the same polarity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass spectral study of Boc‐carbo‐β3‐peptides: differentiation of two pairs of positional and diastereomeric isomers
Authors: Srikanth R. , Nagi Reddy P. , Narsimha R. , Srinivas R. , Sharma G. V. M. , Ravinder Reddy K. , Radha Krishna P. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA mass spectral study of a series of new Boc‐C‐linked carbo‐β3‐peptides prepared from C‐linked carbo‐β3‐amino acids (Caa) was carried out using liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS), electrospray ionization (ESI) and tandem mass spectrometry. Using the nomenclature of Roepstorff and Fohlman, the positive ion high‐ and low energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of [M + H − Boc + H]+ ions of the peptides produce both N‐ and C‐terminus ions, yn+ and bn+ ions, with high abundance and other ions of low abundance. Further, characteristic fragment ions of carbohydrate moiety are observed. In contrast to the CID of protonated peptide acids, the CID of [M − H]− ions of the β3‐peptide acids do not give $\hbox{b}_{{n}}^{-}$ ions and show abundant $\hbox{z}_{{n}}^{-}$ and cn− ions which are insignificant in the former. Two pairs of positionally isomeric Boc‐carbo‐β3‐dipeptides were differentiated by the CID of [M + H]+ ions in LSIMS and ESIMS. The fragment ion [M + H − C(CH3)3 + H]+ formed from [M + H]+ by the loss of 2‐methylprop‐2‐ene is relatively more abundant in the dipeptide Boc‐NH‐β‐hGly‐Caa(S)‐OCH3 (14) containing the sugar moiety at the C‐terminus whereas it is insignificant in Boc‐NH‐Caa(S)‐β‐hGly‐OCH3 (13), which has the sugar moiety at the N‐terminus. Similarly, two pairs of diastereomeric dipeptides were distinguished by the high‐ and low‐energy CID of [M + H]+ ions. The loss of 2‐methylprop‐2‐ene is more pronounced for Boc‐NH‐Caa(R)‐β‐hGly‐OCH3 (17) and Boc‐NH‐Caa(R)‐Caa(S)‐OCH3 (18) isomers whereas it is insignificant for Boc‐NH‐Caa(S)‐β‐hGly‐OCH3 (13) and Boc‐NH‐Caa(S)‐Caa(S)‐OCH3 (2) isomers. This was attributed to a favorable configuration of the carbohydrate moiety favoring the ‘H’ migration involved in the loss of 2‐methylprop‐2‐ene from the [M + H]+ ions of isomers 17 and 18 compared with the unfavorable configuration of the carbohydrate moiety in isomers 13 and 2. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.