bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a novel lateral mass screw–plate system for the treatment of unstable atlas fractures: a finite element analysis
Authors: Niu He-Gang , Zhang Jing-Jing , Yan Yi-Zhu , Zhao Cheng-Kun , Yang Kun , Zhang Yin-Shun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Osteosynthesis of unstable atlas fractures preserves joint motion and therefore has a distinct advantage over a range of treatment procedures. To prevent the potential disadvantages associated with osteosynthesis, a new atlas lateral mass screw–plate (LMSP) system has been designed. However, the biomechanical role of using the LMSP system in atlas internal fixation is not known. The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical stability of a new LMSP with traditional posterior screw and rod (PSR) fixation techniques on the occipitocervical junction (C0–C2) through finite element analysis.

Methods
A nonlinear C0–C2 finite element model of the intact upper cervical spine was developed and validated. The unstable model using the PSR system was then compared with the model using the LMSP system for fixation. A vertical load of 40 N was applied to the C0 to simulate head weight, while a torque of 1.5 Nm was applied to the C0 to simulate flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation.

Results
The range of motion of both systems was close to the intact model. Compared with the LMSP system model, the PSR system model increased flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation by 4.9%, 3.0%, 5.0%, and 29.5% in the C0–C1 segments, and 4.9%, 2.7%, 2.4%, and 22.6% in the C1–C2, respectively. In flexion, extension, and lateral bending motion, the LMSP system model exhibited similar stress to the PSR system model, while in axial rotation, the PSR system model exhibited higher stress.

Conclusions
The findings of our study indicate that the two tested system models provide comparable stability. However, better stability was achieved during axial rotation with the LMSP system, and in this system, the maximum von Mises stress was less than that of the PSR one. As the atlantoaxial joint functions primarily as a rotational joint, the use of the LMSP system may provide a more stable environment for the joint that has become unstable due to fracture.
Discontinuation and nonpublication of clinical trials in orthopaedic oncology
Authors: Singh Gurbinder , Wague Aboubacar , Arora Ayush , Rao Varun , Ward Derek , Barry Jeffrey 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite the pivotal role of clinical trials in advancing orthopaedic oncology knowledge and treatment strategies, the persistent issues of trial discontinuation and nonpublication are significant problems. This study conducted an analysis examining clinical trial discontinuation rates, associations between intervention types and discontinuation/nonpublication, and the role of funding, enrollment size, and their implications for trial success and completion.

Methods
This study, conducted on May 1, 2023, utilized a cross-sectional design to comprehensively analyze phase 3 and 4 randomized controlled trials within the realm of orthopaedic oncology. We specifically incorporated Phase 3 and 4 trials as they are designed to evaluate prolonged outcomes in human subjects and are more likely to reach publication. Study characteristics of interest included the intervention utilized in the clinical trial, presence of funding, whether the trial was published, completed, and trial enrollment size. The investigation involved an examination of ClinicalTrials.gov, a prominent online repository of clinical trial data managed by the National Library of Medicine of the USA. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine statistical significance.

Results
Among the cohort of 130 trials, 19.2% were prematurely discontinued. Completion rates varied based on intervention type; 111 pharmaceutical trials demonstrated a completion rate of 83.8%, whereas 19 non-pharmaceutical trials exhibited a completion rate of 8.0% (P < .001). Surgical trials, totaling 10, showed a completion rate of 90%. The overall trial publication rate was 86.15%, with pharmaceutical interventions achieving a publication rate of 91.96%. Larger-scale trials (≥ 261 participants) emerged as a protective factor against both discontinuation (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 0.85, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.42–0.95) and nonpublication (AOR: 0.19, 95% CI 0.13–.47), compared to smaller-scale trials.

Conclusion
This study accentuates the heightened vulnerability of non-pharmaceutical interventions and trials exhibiting lower rates of enrollment to the issues of discontinuation and nonpublication. Moving forward, the advancement of clinical trials necessitates a concerted effort to enhance trial methodologies, especially concerning nonpharmaceutical interventions, along with a meticulous refinement of participant enrollment criteria.
Microglial ferroptotic stress causes non-cell autonomous neuronal death
Authors: Liddell Jeffrey R. , Hilton James B. W. , Kysenius Kai , Billings Jessica L. , Nikseresht Sara , McInnes Lachlan E. , Hare Dominic J. , Paul Bence , Mercer Stephen W. , Belaidi Abdel A. , Ayton Scott , Roberts Blaine R. , Beckman Joseph S. , McLean Catriona A. , White Anthony R. , Donnelly Paul S. , Bush Ashley I. , Crouch Peter J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death characterised by lipid peroxidation as the terminal endpoint and a requirement for iron. Although it protects against cancer and infection, ferroptosis is also implicated in causing neuronal death in degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). The precise role for ferroptosis in causing neuronal death is yet to be fully resolved.

Methods
To elucidate the role of ferroptosis in neuronal death we utilised co-culture and conditioned medium transfer experiments involving microglia, astrocytes and neurones. We ratified clinical significance of our cell culture findings via assessment of human CNS tissue from cases of the fatal, paralysing neurodegenerative condition of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We utilised the SOD1G37R mouse model of ALS and a CNS-permeant ferroptosis inhibitor to verify pharmacological significance in vivo.

Results
We found that sublethal ferroptotic stress selectively affecting microglia triggers an inflammatory cascade that results in non-cell autonomous neuronal death. Central to this cascade is the conversion of astrocytes to a neurotoxic state. We show that spinal cord tissue from human cases of ALS exhibits a signature of ferroptosis that encompasses atomic, molecular and biochemical features. Further, we show the molecular correlation between ferroptosis and neurotoxic astrocytes evident in human ALS-affected spinal cord is recapitulated in the SOD1G37R mouse model where treatment with a CNS-permeant ferroptosis inhibitor, CuII(atsm), ameliorated these markers and was neuroprotective.

Conclusions
By showing that microglia responding to sublethal ferroptotic stress culminates in non-cell autonomous neuronal death, our results implicate microglial ferroptotic stress as a rectifiable cause of neuronal death in neurodegenerative disease. As ferroptosis is currently primarily regarded as an intrinsic cell death phenomenon, these results introduce an entirely new pathophysiological role for ferroptosis in disease.

Graphical Abstract
In vitro propagation of Indonesian stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) genotype using axenic nodal segments
Authors: Jadid Nurul , Anggraeni Suci , Ramadani Muhammad Rifqi Nur , Arieny Mutiara , Mas’ud Faisol 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
The high industrial demand for Stevia cultivation (Stevia rebaudiana) has increased due to its high stevioside content derived from the leaves. However, the low germination rate makes the cultivation of the plant become the main obstacle. Therefore, an efficient cultivation technique is required. This present work aims to analyze the effect of five combinations of Kinetin (Kin) and benzyladenine (BA) on stevia micropropagation using nodal segment explants.

Results
The micropropagation of stevia was performed using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with BA and Kin. We analyzed different organogenesis and callogenesis responses. In addition, the number of shoots and root formed during in vitro culture were also observed. Our results demonstrated that all treatments with Kin, both alone and in combination with BA, resulted in the development of callus on all nodal segment explants. Explants treated in MS with 1 mg L−1 BA exhibited the best average of shoot number (36.27). In contrast, the treatment without PGR resulted in the best root formation (2.6). The overall results suggested that different combination of BA and Kin resulted in distinct organogenesis responses, where 1 mg L−1 of BA was potentially used for boosting the number of shoots in micropropagation of stevia accession Mini.
Ileal prolapse through patent omphalomesenteric duct in a two year-old boy: a case report
Authors: Hawariat Binyam Yohannes Wolde , Ali Amal Ousman , Gebreselassie Hana Abebe 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Patent omphalomesenteric duct is one of the birth defects included in the spectrum of vitelline duct abnormalities. It is a rare anomaly with estimated prevalence of 0.13–0.2% in the general population. The most common presentation of patent vitelline duct is yellowish or mucoid type umbilical discharge which is usually noted in neonatal age or infancy. The main stay of diagnosis is clinical and outcome is favorable as long as timely surgical correction is offered. Here we present a 2 years old male child who presented with ileal prolapse through patent vitelline duct which is an exceptional mode of presentation of this pathology.

Case presentation
2 years old Ethiopian male child who was noticed to have umbilical discharge since early infancy presented with protrusion of pinkish mass per the umbilicus of 4 h duration. He had no signs and symptoms of bowel obstruction. Abdominal examination revealed a prolapsed bowel which was viable via the umbilicus which was about 6 cm long. Otherwise, he had no abdominal tenderness or rigidity. He was explored with a smiley incision just above the umbilicus. The prolapsed bowel was reduced gently to the abdominal cavity. The tract of the Patent vitelline duct was identified and completely resected along with a wedge of ileum at its base. Primary repair of the ileal end where the tract was inserted was done in two layers and abdomen was closed in layers. The child had smooth post op course and was discharged on the 4th post-operative day.

Conclusion
Prolapse of a bowel through the umbilicus is unusual presentation of a rare anomaly namely patent vitelline duct. This presentation warrants early surgical intervention before bowel ischemia issues. Hence, all clinicians dealing with children should be aware of this rare pathology so that urgent surgical management can be offered.
A study on entrepreneurial innovation among entities in Singapore
Authors: Rangaswamy Easwaramoorthy , Nawaz Nishad , Mohamed Sirajudeen Bin Syed , Joy Gemini Velleringatt 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present study aimed to study the entrepreneurial innovation among entities in Singapore. It evaluated the various obstacles that affect entrepreneurial innovation within entities. Further, it has also analysed the various elements that are crucial to overcome the obstacles that affect entrepreneurial innovation within entities. Various factors related to various sources of information fostering innovation activities in an organization were also studied. Difference between the product innovation and process innovation was studied. Furthermore, organizational innovation and marketing innovation were also studied. Lastly, organizational innovation’s degree of observed effect in the organization was also studied. Cross-sectional analysis using realism as epistemological view was undertaken in this study. Deductive research approach along with web-based survey using descriptive research design is the research methods followed in this study. Tools for results’ analysis include descriptive analysis, Q–Q plots, KMO and Bartlett's test, factor analysis and Chi-square tests. The study concluded that enterprises need to work aggressively in the new product development, market opportunities, organization capabilities to ensure that the organizations grow. It is highlighted that process innovation and product innovation have effects on the economic performance of the organization. It does flag that the market innovations are linked with the ways the enterprises change, evolve and develop their fundamental capabilities, which are part of the organizational innovations. Also, the study showed that organizational innovation has greatly helped to improve the quality of the goods or services and reduced costs per unit output. The reduced time to respond to customer or supplier needs and improved employee satisfaction and/or reduced rates of employee turnover is also seen as a significant observed effect of entrepreneurial innovation. Managerial and theoretical implications along with Ideas for future research is also provided.
Causal associations of COVID‐19 on neurosurgical diseases risk: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Dai Lirui , Lyu Liang , Zhou Peizhi , Jiang Shu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMany researchers have explored the potential association between one neurosurgical disease and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but few systematically analyzed the association and causality between COVID-19 and various neurosurgical diseases. A Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to evaluate the causal association between COVID-19 (including critically ill COVID‐19, hospitalized COVID‐19, and respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection) and 30 neurosurgical diseases within European populations. The consequences of inverse variance weighted models suggest that genetic susceptibility of critically ill COVID-19 may increase the risk of cerebral infarction (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02; p‐value = 0.006), genetic susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection may increase the risk of stroke (OR = 1.02; p‐value = 0.047), and conversely, genetic susceptibility of hospitalized COVID-19 may reduce the risk of pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma (OR = 0.90; p‐value = 0.032). In addition, evidences revealed potential associations between genetic susceptibility of COVID-19 and spinal stenosis (OR = 1.03; p‐value = 0.028), diffuse brain injury (OR = 1.21; p‐value = 0.040) and focal brain injury (OR = 1.12; p‐value = 0.040). By testing for heterogeneity and pleiotropy, the above causal conclusions are robust. In summary, our analysis shows that COVID-19 has an independent and powerful causal influence on multiple neurosurgical disorders.
Determination of the median lethal dose of zinc gluconate in mice and safety evaluation
Authors: Wang Yong-cai , Yang Xia , Xiao Juan , Wei Su-mei , Su Ying , Chen Xiu-qi , Huang Ting , Shan Qing-wen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Zinc Gluconate (ZG) is a safe and effective supplement for zinc. However, there is limited research on the optimal dosage for intravenous injection and the safety evaluation of animal models for ZG. This study aims to determine the safe dose range of ZG for intravenous injection in C57BL/6J mice.

Methods
A Dose titration experiment was conducted to determine the LD50 and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of ZG in mice. Based on the LD50, four sub-lethal doses (SLD) of ZG were evaluated. Following three injections of each SLD and monitoring for seven days, serum zinc levels were measured, and pathological changes in the liver, kidney, and spleen tissues of mice were determined by histological staining.

Results
The dose titration experiment determined the LD50 of ZG in mice to be 39.6 mg/kg, with a 95%CI of 31.8-49.3 mg/kg. There was a statistically significant difference in the overall serum zinc levels (H = 36.912, P < 0.001) following SLD administration. Pairwise comparisons showed that the serum zinc levels of the 1/2 LD50 and 3/4 LD50 groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.001); the serum zinc level of the 3/4 LD50 group was significantly higher than those of the 1/8 LD50 and 1/4 LD50 groups (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the different SLDs of ZG and the serum zinc levels in mice (rs = 0.973, P < 0.001). H&E staining showed no significant histological abnormalities or lesions in the liver, kidney, and spleen tissues of mice in all experimental groups.

Conclusion
The appropriate dose range of ZG for intravenous injection in C57BL/6J mice was clarified, providing a reference for future experimental research.
Deep image prior inpainting of ancient frescoes in the Mediterranean Alpine arc
Authors: Merizzi Fabio , Saillard Perrine , Acquier Oceane , Morotti Elena , Piccolomini Elena Loli , Calatroni Luca , Dessì Rosa Maria 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The unprecedented success of image reconstruction approaches based on deep neural networks has revolutionised both the processing and the analysis paradigms in several applied disciplines. In the field of digital humanities, the task of digital reconstruction of ancient frescoes is particularly challenging due to the scarce amount of available training data caused by ageing, wear, tear and retouching over time. To overcome these difficulties, we consider the Deep Image Prior (DIP) inpainting approach which computes appropriate reconstructions by relying on the progressive updating of an untrained convolutional neural network so as to match the reliable piece of information in the image at hand while promoting regularisation elsewhere. In comparison with state-of-the-art approaches (based on variational/PDEs and patch-based methods), DIP-based inpainting reduces artefacts and better adapts to contextual/non-local information, thus providing a valuable and effective tool for art historians. As a case study, we apply such approach to reconstruct missing image contents in a dataset of highly damaged digital images of medieval paintings located into several chapels in the Mediterranean Alpine Arc and provide a detailed description on how visible and invisible (e.g., infrared) information can be integrated for identifying and reconstructing damaged image regions.
Using an adaptive learning tool to improve student performance and satisfaction in online and face-to-face education for a more personalized approach
Authors: Contrino Monica F. , Reyes-Millán Maribell , Vázquez-Villegas Patricia , Membrillo-Hernández Jorge 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIt is becoming increasingly clear that not all students require the same education, and the requirement of personalized education is increasingly in demand. The incorporation of adaptive learning (AL) has increased in recent years. However, research on this subject is still evolving at the university level. In this study, we investigated the impact of integrating an AL tool (CogBooks®) in a university course (statistics for decision making) taught in an innovative online modality called FIT (flexible, interactive, and with technology), in which the course is designed in the CANVAS® platform and uses Zoom® as a means of communication with students. Learning outcomes were compared between the FIT courses with or without AL and between AL strategies in online and face-to-face courses. It was clear that AL improved the students’ achievement regardless of the modality. In addition, we conclude that students achieve better in AL courses in the classroom than in distance courses. Satisfaction surveys favor a preference for FIT courses with AL over classroom classes with AL. Our results suggest that AL is a solid strategy for teaching undergraduate courses.
Graphical abstract
Balancing short-term costs and long-term benefits: an analysis of the impact of hydroelectric power generation on electricity prices volatility in Cameroon
Authors: Akono Etienne Bienvenu , Kemezang Vatis Christian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study examines the short- and long-term impacts of various factors on the volatility and price of electricity in Cameroon, including hydroelectric power generation, economic growth, energy demand, and exchange rates from 2000 to 2019. The study uses an autoregressive distributed lag model. The study found that increasing hydroelectric power generation has both positive and negative impacts on electricity prices in the short and long term. While increasing the share of hydropower in overall energy production results in increased variation of electricity costs in the short term, it leads to significant price reductions in the long run. The study also found that economic growth has a considerable positive impact on the variation of power prices, while energy demand has a negative but insignificant effect on price volatility in the short term. Further, the study indicates that measures, such as encouraging SME engagement in renewable energy production, could improve the participation of local enterprises in the power industry and reduce the volatility of electricity prices. On the other hand, the study suggests that exchange rates could have a negative impact on electricity prices in the short term, but depreciation of the local currency could lower fuel costs and improve the availability of power. Overall, the study provides insights that can inform policymakers, energy regulators, and investors in making decisions that contribute to the efficient and sustainable development of Cameroon's electricity market. The study also highlights the need to prioritize power generation to stimulate economic growth and private investment while promoting renewable energy production.
Family functioning in students of health sciences in four Latin American countries: a study of the structure and factorial invariance of the FACES III scale. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Vilca Lindsey W. , Díaz-Narváez Víctor , Calzadilla-Núñez Aracelis , Arispe-Alburqueque Claudia , Arciniega Susana Facio , Orostegui María Alejandra , Castellón-Montenegro Herminia , Santander Karina , López-Labarca Claudio , Álvarez Guiomar Hernández , Fernández-Aragón Shirley , Palacio Luz Marina Alonso , Reyes-Reyes Alejandro , Mendoza Marco Cervantes 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Psychometric studies of the FACES III scale in Spanish-speaking countries show a lack of agreement on the factorial structure of the scale. In addition, most of the studies have only performed exploratory analyses of its factorial structure.

Objective
The objective of the present study was to confirm the structure and factorial invariance of the FACES III scale in nursing and obstetric students from Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Mexico.

Methods
A total of 3303 students from the four countries participated in this study (Colombia = 1559, Chile = 1224, Peru = 215, Mexico = 305).

Results
The results of the study showed that the Bi-factor model presents the best-fit indexes to the data from Colombia, Chile, and Mexico, but not from Peru. In addition, it was found that this model showed evidence of being strictly invariant among the three countries in the sequence of the invariance models proposed: metric invariance (ΔRMSEA = .000), scalar (ΔRMSEA = .008), and strict (ΔRMSEA = .008). The bi-factor model also showed adequate reliability indexes in the three countries.

Conclusion
It is concluded that the FACES III scale shows adequate psychometric performance under a bi-factor model in nursing and obstetric students from Colombia, Chile, and Mexico. The lack of fit of the model in Peru could be associated with the small sample size.