bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhinitis medicamentosa – comparing two treatment strategies: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Margulis Itai , Jrbashyan Jenny , Bitterman Fisher Sivan , Feibish Nir , Stein Nili , Cohen-Kerem Raanan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveRhinitis medicamentosa poses a therapeutic challenge for both patients and physicians. Treatment strategies vary, starting with avoidance of decongestants, followed by medications or surgical intervention. This study aimed to compare two treatment strategies for this condition.MethodsA review was conducted of patients diagnosed with rhinitis medicamentosa from 2013 to 2021, who were managed conservatively with medications or surgically by inferior turbinate reduction.ResultsForty-seven patients were included: 21 patients were treated conservatively and 26 underwent turbinate reduction. Following surgical therapy, the frequency of using decongestants was significantly reduced (p < 0.001), with a significant improvement in Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 scores (p < 0.001). The conservative treatment group was significantly older with more co-morbidities. Following medical therapy, the conservative treatment group had a significant decrease in the frequency of decongestant use, but there was no significant improvement in their Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 scores.ConclusionCompared to conservative treatment, inferior turbinate reduction for rhinitis medicamentosa resulted in reduced decongestant use and improved quality of life.
Spontaneous abscess of the nasal septum in children: a 10-year series
Authors: Drake Ivy , Wilkinson Sophie , Kubba Haytham 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis paper reports a 10-year series of spontaneous nasal septal abscesses in immune-competent children, with suggestions for optimal management.MethodsA retrospective case note review was conducted of children undergoing an operation for incision and drainage of nasal septal abscesses between 2013 and 2023.ResultsSix children were identified via electronic hospital records during the 10-year review period, five with a spontaneous abscess. The children were aged 10–14 years. All were immunocompetent and none had active sinus infection. The most common presenting features were nasal swelling, facial swelling, headache, nasal congestion and fever. The most common bacterial isolate was Staphylococcus aureus. All children received prompt surgical drainage and intravenous antibiotic therapy. Complications were seen in three children, with one child developing significant intracranial complications.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first series of spontaneous nasal septal abscesses in immunocompetent children. The high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus suggests spread from the nasal mucosa or vestibule. Early recognition, computed tomography scanning, surgical drainage and antibiotic therapy are the mainstays of treatment, to prevent potentially life-threatening complications.
The predictive effect of family genetic risk scores as an indirect measure of causal effects of one disorder on another
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Ohlsson Henrik , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundOne potential cause of comorbidity is the direct causal effect of one disorder – A – on risk for subsequent onset of disorder B. Could genetic risk scores be utilized to test for such an effect? If disorder A causally impacts on risk for disorder B, then genetic risk for disorder A should be lower in cases of disorder A with v. without a prior onset of B.MethodsIn all individuals (n = 905 736) born in Sweden from 1980 to 1990, from six psychiatric and drug use disorders (major depression, anxiety disorders, alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia), we formed 14 pairs of disorders A and B. In these pairs, we compared, using Cox proportional hazards models, the predictive effect of the familial-genetic risk score (FGRS) for disorder B in those who had v. had not had a prior onset of disorder A.ResultsIn all pairs, the impact of the FGRS for disorder B was significantly stronger in cases without v. with a prior history of disorder A. These effects were similar across sex, stable across levels of FGRS and not likely due to clinician bias. In many of our disorder pairs, previous clinical studies suggest a mechanism for a causal effect of disorder A on B.ConclusionsOur findings provide indirect evidence that the occurrence of one psychiatric or substance use disorder often has a causal effect on risk for subsequent disorders. This mechanism may substantially contribute to the widespread comorbidity among psychiatric conditions.
Screen time, brain network development and socio-emotional competence in childhood: moderation of associations by parent–child reading
Authors: Huang Pei , Chan Shi Yu , Ngoh Zhen Ming , Ong Zi Yan , Low Xi Zhen , Law Evelyn C. , Gluckman Peter D. , Kee Michelle Z.L. , Fortier Marielle V. , Chong Yap Seng , Zhou Juan H. , Meaney Michael J. , Tan Ai Peng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundScreen time in infancy is linked to changes in social-emotional development but the pathway underlying this association remains unknown. We aim to provide mechanistic insights into this association using brain network topology and to examine the potential role of parent–child reading in mitigating the effects of screen time.MethodsWe examined the association of screen time on brain network topology using linear regression analysis and tested if the network topology mediated the association between screen time and later socio-emotional competence. Lastly, we tested if parent–child reading time was a moderator of the link between screen time and brain network topology.ResultsInfant screen time was significantly associated with the emotion processing-cognitive control network integration (p = 0.005). This network integration also significantly mediated the association between screen time and both measures of socio-emotional competence (BRIEF-2 Emotion Regulation Index, p = 0.04; SEARS total score, p = 0.04). Parent–child reading time significantly moderated the association between screen time and emotion processing-cognitive control network integration (β = −0.640, p = 0.005).ConclusionOur study identified emotion processing-cognitive control network integration as a plausible biological pathway linking screen time in infancy and later socio-emotional competence. We also provided novel evidence for the role of parent–child reading in moderating the association between screen time and topological brain restructuring in early childhood.
Don't let perfect be the enemy of better: In defense of unparameterized megastudies
Authors: Li Wei , Hartshorne Joshua K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The target article argues researchers should be more ambitious, designing studies that systematically and comprehensively explore the space of possible experiments in one fell swoop. We argue that while “systematic” is rarely achievable, “comprehensive” is often enough. Critically, the recent popularization of massive online experiments shows that comprehensive studies are achievable for most cognitive and behavioral research questions.
Measurement validity and the integrative approach
Authors: Higgins Wendy C. , Gillett Alexander J. , Deschrijver Eliane , Ross Robert M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Almaatouq et al. propose a novel integrative approach to experiments. We provide three examples of how unaddressed measurement issues threaten the feasibility of the approach and its promise of promoting commensurability and knowledge integration.
Representative design: A realistic alternative to (systematic) integrative design
Authors: Holleman Gijs A. , Dhami Mandeep K. , Hooge Ignace T. C. , Hessels Roy S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We disagree with Almaatouq et al. that no realistic alternative exists to the “one-at-a-time” paradigm. Seventy years ago, Egon Brunswik introduced representative design, which offers a clear path to commensurability and generality. Almaatouq et al.'s integrative design cannot guarantee the external validity and generalizability of results which is sorely needed, while representative design tackles the problem head on.
Commensurability engineering is first and foremost a theoretical exercise
Authors: Vandekerckhove Joachim 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
I provide a personal perspective on metastudies and emphasize lesser-known benefits. I stress the need for integrative theories to establish commensurability between experiments. I argue that mathematical social scientists should be engaged to develop integrative theories, and that likelihood functions provide a common mathematical framework across experiments. The development of quantitative theories promotes commensurability engineering on a larger scale.
The social sciences needs more than integrative experimental designs: We need better theories
Authors: Hoffman Moshe , Quillien Tadeg , Burum Bethany 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Almaatouq et al.'s prescription for more integrative experimental designs is welcome but does not address an equally important problem: Lack of adequate theories. We highlight two features theories ought to satisfy: “Well-specified” and “grounded.” We discuss the importance of these features, some positive exemplars, and the complementarity between the target article's prescriptions and improved theorizing.
Explore your experimental designs and theories before you exploit them!
Authors: Dubova Marina , Sloman Sabina J. , Andrew Ben , Nassar Matthew R. , Musslick Sebastian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In many areas of the social and behavioral sciences, the nature of the experiments and theories that best capture the underlying constructs are themselves areas of active inquiry. Integrative experiment design risks being prematurely exploitative, hindering exploration of experimental paradigms and of diverse theoretical accounts for target phenomena.
The miss of the framework
Authors: Smaldino Paul E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The authors rightly critique existing social sciences approaches. However, they are too quick to dismiss the criticism that their proposed paradigm is atheoretical. Social and cognitive theories are indeed incommensurate, often due to the lack of a unifying framework. Without proper integration with theoretical frameworks, their proposal may merely produce a resource-intensive veneer of thoroughness without substantive improvements to understanding.
Sampling complex social and behavioral phenomena
Authors: Olsson Henrik , Galesic Mirta 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We comment on the limits of relying on prior literature when constructing the design space for an integrative experiment; the adaptive nature of social and behavioral phenomena and the implications for the use of theory and modeling when constructing the design space; and on the challenges of measuring random errors and lab-related biases in measurement without replication.
Test many theories in many ways
Authors: Cyrus-Lai Wilson , Tierney Warren , Uhlmann Eric Luis 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Demonstrating the limitations of the one-at-a-time approach, crowd initiatives reveal the surprisingly powerful role of analytic and design choices in shaping scientific results. At the same time, cross-cultural variability in effects is far below the levels initially expected. This highlights the value of “medium” science, leveraging diverse stimulus sets and extensive robustness checks to achieve integrative tests of competing theories.
Assume a can opener
Authors: Clark Cory J. , Isch Calvin , Connor Paul , Tetlock Philip E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe propose a friendly amendment to integrative experiment design (IED), adversarial-collaboration IED, that incentivizes research teams from competing theoretical perspectives to identify zones of the design space where they possess an explanatory edge. This amendment is especially critical in debates that have high policy stakes and carry a strong normative-political charge that might otherwise prevent free exchange of ideas.
Panoramic visual system for spherical mobile robots
Authors: Arif Muhammad Affan , Zhu Aibin , Mao Han , Tu Yao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimed at the challenges of wide-angle mobile robot visual perception for diverse field applications, we present the spherical robot visual system that uses a 360° field of view (FOV) for realizing real-time object detection. The spherical robot image acquisition system model is developed with optimal parameters, including camera spacing, camera axis angle, and the distance of the target image plane. Two 180
$^{\circ}$
-wide panoramic FOVs, front and rear view, are formed using four on-board cameras. The speed of the SURF algorithm is increased for feature extraction and matching. For seamless fusion of the images, an improved fade-in and fade-out algorithm is used, which not only improves the seam quality but also improves object detection performance. The speed of the dynamic image stitching is significantly enhanced by using a cache-based sequential image fusion method. On top of the acquired panoramic wide FOVs, the YOLO algorithm is used for real-time object detection. The panoramic visual system for the spherical robot is then tested in real time, which outputs panoramic views of the scene at an average frame rate of 21.69 fps and panoramic views with object detection at an average of 15.39 fps.
POVERTY
Authors: Schmidtz David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPoverty can be an ephemeral life stage of a young person whose skill sets will become more valuable with training and experience, a personal setback such as losing a job, or a systemic affliction that puts a whole community in danger of widespread famine. A common theme of this volume’s essays is that we cannot understand poverty and famine unless we acknowledge that poor people are not mouths to be fed but agents. Amartya Sen got this right, crediting Adam Smith for the seeds of his insight. What has been enabling people by the billions since Smith’s time to work their way out of poverty?
POVERTY, TRUST, AND SOCIAL DISTANCE: A SELF-REINFORCING “POVERTY TRAP”?
Authors: Fernández Almudena , López-Calva Luis F. , Rodríguez Santiago 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe consider the concept of poverty from the asset-accumulation approach and propose an integrated framework, building upon existing theories, to describe how the interconnected factors of trust (or lack thereof) and social distance can reinforce poverty traps. Social distance is influenced by choice, while trust is the symptom that defines the strength of social ties on a group. We look at how an absence of trust influences how households make decisions about the use and accumulation of assets in ways that could perpetuate poverty. Weak trust also affects how groups interact with each other in a society, creating “trust clusters” within homogeneous groups and antagonism across groups, which in turn affects aspirations and leads to an erosion of the basis of a social contract. For more effective and sustainable poverty reduction, we need to understand these linkages and address them systematically.
FREEDOM, POVERTY, AND IMPACT REWARDS
Authors: Pogge Thomas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA free world is one in which human beings can live free, self-directed lives. A great obstacle to such a world is severe poverty, still blighting the lives of half of humankind. We have the resources, technologies, and administrative capacities to eradicate severe poverty, but doing so requires some restructuring of existing social arrangements. We might begin with the current regime governing innovation, which has monopoly markups as its key funding source. Such monopoly rents encourage the quest for innovations, but also greatly impede their diffusion. This headwind harms the poor, who cannot afford monopoly prices and whose specific needs innovators thus tend to ignore. It also works against potential innovations whose benefits would mostly go to third parties whom buyers care little about. Both problems can be much alleviated through a supplementary alternative reward mechanism that would enable innovators to exchange their monopoly privileges on any patentable technology for impact rewards based on the social benefits achieved with it. By promoting innovations and their diffusion together, international impact funds would bring substantial gains in justice and cost-effectiveness, especially in the pharmaceutical and green-technology sectors.
SOCIAL CAPITAL AND THE ROLE OF THE STATE: NURTURING COLLECTIVES FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION
Authors: Chaudhary Arvind Kumar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor eradication of acute poverty, it is vital to factor in the human experience of it. Building social capital and networks that nurture, empower, and consistently reinforce a new shared economic identity can provide rich socioeconomic dividends. For states tackling extreme poverty at scale, building and strengthening social capital are essential public goods investments.
THE IMPORTANCE OF CHOICE: CATFISH MAN OF THE WOODS THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kramer Claudia Williamson 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe importance of economic freedom for economic development can no longer be denied. What is often denied, however, is respect for individuals’ rights and personal choices. The role of individual choice is often dismissed or set aside by the development community. In this essay, I argue that inherent to economic freedom’s economic success is the promotion and acceptance of individual choice. Development theory should include recognition of and respect for personal choices, a theory I call “Catfish Man of the Woods” theory of development.
Preschool children’s discourse competence in different genres and how it relates to iconic gestures
Authors: KERN Friederike , BODEN Ulrich , NEMETH Anne , KOUTALIDIS Sofia , ABRAMOV Olga , KOPP Stefan , ROHLFING Katharina J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBased on the linguistic analysis of game explanations and retellings, the paper’s goal is to investigate the relation of preschool children’s situated discourse competence and iconic gestures in different communicative genres, focussing on reinforcing and supplementary speech-gesture-combinations. To this end, a method was developed to evaluate discourse competence as a context-sensitive and interactively embedded phenomenon. The so-called GLOBE-model was adapted to assess discourse competence in relation to interactive scaffolding. The findings show clear links between the children’s competence and their parents’ scaffolding. We suggest this to be evidence of a fine-tuned interactive support system. The results also indicate strong relations between higher discourse competence and increased frequency of iconic gestures. This applies in particular to reinforcing gestures. The results are interpreted as a confirmation that the speech-gesture system undergoes systematic changes during early childhood, and that gesturing becomes more iconic – and thus more communicative – when discourse competence is growing.
Recovering the past for the future: Racibórz after World War II
Authors: Kisiel Piotr 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article delves into the post-war urban planning of Racibórz (Ger. Ratibor), a mid-size city in Poland, shedding light on the socialist city’s historical roots and its adherence to socialist urbanism models. Using planning maps and other archival documents, it examines the reconstruction process that aimed at creating green spaces and quality housing, while at the same time revealing its medieval past. The article also investigates the city’s deviation from known recovery patterns and highlights a lesser known approach to creating a city with a national form and socialist content. Overall, this research offers a comprehensive exploration of a reconstruction process in a mid-size city, enriching the understanding of European post-war urban history.
Determinants of household-, maternal- and child-related factors associated with nutritional status among children under five in Mali: evidence from a Demographic and Health Survey, 2018
Authors: Gebreegziabher Tafere , Sidibe Saran 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The current study aims to determine household-, maternal- and child-related factors influencing nutritional status among children under five in Mali.

Design:
Quantitative cross-sectional study using secondary data extracted from Mali DHS-VI 2018.

Setting:
Urban and rural areas of Mali.

Participants:
A total of 8908 children participated, with 3999 in the younger age group (0–24 months) and 4909 in the older age group (25–59 months).

Results:
In the younger age group, the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight was 18·8 % (95 % CI%: 17·5, 20·0), 24·6 % (95 % CI: 23·2, 26·0) and 13·2 % (95 % CI: 12·1, 14·3), respectively, while in the older age group, it was 24·9 % (95 % CI: 23·7, 26·2), 22·7 % (95 % CI: 21·5, 24·0) and 5·7 % (95 % CI: 5·0, 6·5), respectively. Being average or large size at birth, having piped source of water, receiving Zn, deworming, high maternal BMI, receiving Fe during pregnancy, higher maternal education and being rich were associated with lower odds of one or more form of undernutrition in both groups. On the other hand, children who were anaemic, drank from a bottle, maternal anaemia, current pregnancy of mothers and living in rural areas were associated with higher odds of stunting, wasting or underweight. Interestingly, children who received Fe supplementation had a higher odds of wasting in the younger group but lower odds of all forms of undernutrition in the older group.

Conclusions:
This study emphasised the potential risk factors associated with undernutrition in children. Children who consume non-potable water, have mothers with lower levels of education and BMI and reside in rural areas are more likely to experience undernutrition.
Post-traumatic stress disorder as a risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events: a cohort study of a South African medical insurance scheme
Authors: Mesa-Vieira Cristina , Didden Christiane , Schomaker Michael , Mouton Johannes P. , Folb Naomi , van den Heuvel Leigh L. , Gastaldon Chiara , Cornell Morna , Tlali Mpho , Kassanjee Reshma , Franco Oscar H. , Seedat Soraya , Haas Andreas D. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
Prior research, largely focused on US male veterans, indicates an increased risk of cardiovascular disease among individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Data from other settings and populations are scarce. The objective of this study is to examine PTSD as a risk factor for incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in South Africa.

Methods
We analysed reimbursement claims (2011–2020) of a cohort of South African medical insurance scheme beneficiaries aged 18 years or older. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for associations between PTSD and MACEs using Cox proportional hazard models and calculated the effect of PTSD on MACEs using longitudinal targeted maximum likelihood estimation.

Results
We followed 1,009,113 beneficiaries over a median of 3.0 years (IQR 1.1–6.0). During follow-up, 12,662 (1.3%) persons were diagnosed with PTSD and 39,255 (3.9%) had a MACE. After adjustment for sex, HIV status, age, population group, substance use disorders, psychotic disorders, major depressive disorder, sleep disorders and the use of antipsychotic medication, PTSD was associated with a 16% increase in the risk of MACEs (aHR 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.28). The risk ratio for the effect of PTSD on MACEs decreased from 1.59 (95% CI 1.49–1.68) after 1 year of follow-up to 1.14 (95% CI 1.11–1.16) after 8 years of follow-up.

Conclusion
Our study provides empirical support for an increased risk of MACEs in males and females with PTSD from a general population sample in South Africa. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring cardiovascular risk among individuals diagnosed with PTSD.