bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Alkaloid‐Mediated Desymmetrization of meso‐Anhydrides via a Nucleophilic Ring Opening with Benzyl Alcohol and Its Application in the Synthesis of Highly Enantiomerically Enriched β‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Bolm Carsten , Schiffers Ingo , Atodiresei Iuliana , Hackenberger Christian P. R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Convenient Procedures for the Asymmetric Reduction of 1,4‐Diphenylbutane‐1,4‐dione and Synthesis of 2,5‐Diphenylpyrrolidine Derivatives.
Authors: Periasamy Mariappan , Seenivasaperumal Muthu , Rao Vutukuri Dharma 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Use of Rhodium N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes in Catalytic Cyclization and Hydrosilylation of 1,6‐Enynes to 2‐Methyl‐1‐silylmethylidene‐2‐cyclopentane.
Authors: Park Kang Hyun , Kim So Yeon , Son Seung Uk , Chung Young Keun 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Application of a New Bicyclic Triaminophosphine Ligand in Pd‐Catalyzed Buchwald—Hartwig Amination Reactions of Aryl Chlorides, Bromides, and Iodides.
Authors: Urgaonkar Sameer , Xu Ju‐Hua , Verkade John G. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Trifluoromethanesulfonyl Azide: An Efficient Reagent for the Preparation of α‐Cyano‐α‐diazo Carbonyls and an α‐Sulfonyl‐α‐diazo Carbonyl.
Authors: Wurz Ryan P. , Lin Wei , Charette Andre B. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Transacylation of α‐Aryl‐β‐keto Esters.
Authors: Nishiwaki Nagatoshi , Nishida Daisei , Ohnishi Tetsuya , Hidaka Fumie , Shimizu Satoru , Tamura Mina , Hori Kazushige , Tohda Yasuo , Ariga Masahiro 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mild and Chemoselective Catalytic Deprotection of Ketals and Acetals Using Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate.
Authors: Ates Ali , Gautier Arnaud , Leroy Bernard , Plancher Jean‐Marc , Quesnel Yannick , Vanherck Jean‐Christophe , Marko Istvan E. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Chiral 4‐Hydroxy‐2,3‐unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds from 3,4‐Epoxy Alcohols by Oxidation: Application in the Formal Synthesis of Macrosphelide A.
Authors: Chakraborty Tushar K. , Purkait Subhas , Das Sanjib 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Iodocyclopropanation of Terminal Alkenes with Iodoform, Chromium(II) Chloride, and N,N,N′,N′‐Tetraethylethylenediamine.
Authors: Takai Kazuhiko , Toshikawa Shota , Inoue Atsushi , Kokumai Ryo 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Practical Synthesis of N‐Cyclopropylanilines via Direct Condensation of Anilines with [(1‐Ethoxycyclopropyl)oxy]trimethylsilane.
Authors: Yoshida Yasuo , Umezu Kazuto , Hamada Yusuke , Atsumi Naoya , Tabuchi Fumiya 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of Novel Lewis Acid Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations: Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenes and Cyclopentenones.
Authors: Miller Aubry K. , Banghart Matthew R. , Beaudry Christopher M. , Suh Judy M. , Trauner Dirk 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Direct and Regioselective Iodination and Bromination of Benzene, Naphthalene and Other Activated Aromatic Compounds Using Iodine and Bromine or Their Sodium Salts in the Presence of the Fe(NO3)3×1.5N2O4/Charcoal System.
Authors: Firouzabadi H. , Iranpoor N. , Shiri M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Role of Planar Chirality in Asymmetric Catalysis: Improvement of Enantioselectivity in the Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes with Planar Chiral 1,1′‐N,O‐Ferrocenyl Ligands.
Authors: Li Ming , Yuan Ke , Li Yang‐Yang , Cao Bo‐Xun , Sun Jie , Hou Xue‐Long 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Reaction of Allylic Alcohols with Hexafluoropropene‐Diethylamine Adduct (PPDA) to Form 2‐Fluoro‐2‐trifluoromethyl‐4‐alkenamide.
Authors: Ogu Ken‐ichi , Akazome Motohiro , Ogura Katsuyuki 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antiarrhythmic Activity of N‐Substituted 1‐(2,4,6‐Trimethylphenyl)‐2‐ [N‐(2′‐hydroxy‐3′‐phenyloxypropyl)aminomethyl]pyrroles.
Authors: Likhosherstov A. M. , Filippova O. V. , Peresada V. P. , Kryzhanovskii S. A. , Vititnova M. B. , Kaverina N. V. , Reznikov K. M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Substituted Benzodifurazans.
Authors: Levinson F. S. , Evgen'ev M. I. , Ermolaeva E. A. , Efimov S. I. , Falyakhov I. F. , Garipov T. V. , Karimova R. G. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Intramolecular Oxo Diels—Alder Approach to 1‐Oxo‐1,2,3,3a‐4,7a‐hexahydro‐pyrano[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4‐carboxylic Acid Ethyl Esters.
Authors: Murray William V. , Mishra Pranab K. , Turchi Ignatius J. , Sawicka Dorota , Maden Amy , Sun Sengen 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of N‐ and O‐Acyl Derivatives of 2,6‐Diphenyl‐4‐hydroxypiperidines and Tetrahydropyridines.
Authors: Soldatenkov A. T. , Levov A. N. , Mobio I. G. , Polyakova E. V. , Kutyakov S. V. , An' Le Tuan , Komarova A. I. , Polyanskii K. B. , Andreeva E. I. , Minaev L. I. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Structures of Neutral Crystals and Charge‐Transfer Salts of Selenium Containing TMET‐TTP Derivatives.
Authors: Ashizawa Minoru , Nii Hirofumi , Mori Takehiko , Misaki Yohji , Tanaka Kazuyoshi , Takimiya Kazuo , Otsubo Tetsuo 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Totally Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3‐Disaccharides Through Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Bartolozzi Alessandra , Pacciani Stefania , Benvenuti Cecilia , Cacciarini Martina , Liguori Francesca , Menichetti Stefano , Nativi Cristina 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Copper‐Assisted Arylation of 1‐Thiosugars: Efficient Route to Triazene Substituted Arylthioglycosides.
Authors: Naus Petr , Leseticky Ladislav , Smrcek Stanislav , Tislerova Iva , Sticha Martin 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phenyl 2‐Deoxy‐2‐iodo‐1‐thio‐glycosides: New Glycosyl Donors for the Stereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Deoxy‐oligosaccharides.
Authors: Arnes Xavier , Diaz Yolanda , Castillon Sergio 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Jenamidines A to C: Unusual Alkaloids from Streptomyces sp. with Specific Antiproliferative Properties Obtained by Chemical Screening.
Authors: Hu Jin‐Feng , Wunderlich Dirk , Thiericke Ralf , Dahse Hans‐Martin , Grabley Susanne , Feng Xiao‐Zhang , Sattler Isabel 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Absolute Configuration and Anticancer Activity of Taxiresinol and Related Lignans of Taxus wallichiana.
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sunil K. , Kumar T. R. Santha , Maulik Prakas R. , Srivastava Sachin , Garg Ankur , Sharon Ashoke , Negi Arvind S. , Khanuja Suman Preet S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantiopure Hydroxylactones from D‐Xylose. A Novel Approach to the Enantiodivergent Synthesis of (+)‐ and (‐)‐Muricatacin Suitable for the Preparation of 7‐Oxa Analogues.
Authors: Popsavin Velimir , Krstic Ivana , Popsavin Mirjana 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
TMC‐260, a New Inhibitor of IL‐4 Signal Transduction Produced by Acremonium kiliense Gruetz TC 1703.
Authors: Sakurai Masaaki , Hoshino Hiroyuki , Kohno Jun , Nishio Maki , Kishi Noboru , Okuda Toru , Kawano Kimio , Ohnuki Tetsuo 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Monoreduction of 2‐Alkyl 1,3‐Diketones Using Chiral Ruthenium Catalysts. Synthesis of the C14—C25 Fragment of Bafilomycin A1.
Authors: Eustache Florence , Dalko Peter I. , Cossy Janine 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of 4‐Pyrrolidinylthio Carbapenems: Containing Heteroaromatics as a Side Chain.
Authors: Cho Han‐Won , Oh Chang‐Hyun , Lee Ju‐Shin , Lee Soo‐Chul , Choi Jung‐Hoon , Cho Jung‐Hyuck 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 1β‐Methyl‐2‐(5‐substituted imidazolino pyrrolidin‐3‐ylthio)carbapenem Derivatives.
Authors: Oh Chang‐Hyun , Lee Chang‐Sik , Lee Jong‐Sun , Cho Jung‐Hyuck 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Supramolecular Organized Structures of Fullerene‐Based Materials and Organic Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Tasis Dimitrios , Tagmatarchis Nikos , Georgakilas Vasilios , Gamboz Claudio , Soranzo Maria‐Rosa , Prato Maurizio 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Amperometric Flow‐Injection Determination of Phenolic Compounds Using a Biosensor with Immobilized Laccase, Peroxidase and Tyrosinase
Authors: Solná Renáta , Skládal Petr 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA screen‐printed four‐electrode sensor based on immobilization of laccase (Coriolus hirsutus), peroxidase (horseradish) and tyrosinase (mushroom) in the same array was developed for monitoring of phenols. The enzymes were immobilized onto a self‐assembled monolayer (4‐mercapto‐1‐butanol) modified gold surface via covalent attachment by epichlorohydrin coupling. The experimental conditions for simultaneous operation of the three enzymes were optimized based on catechol determination. The sensors were further applied for the amperometric detection of several substituted phenolic compounds, carried out using a single line flow‐injection system. Hydrogen peroxide served as co‐substrate for peroxidase. The limits of detection for phenols in aqueous solutions were in the micromolar range, one assay was completed in less than 5 min. The preliminary studies showed that the compatibility of the above mentioned enzyme array enabled the multielectrode biosensor to be applied to real samples including industrial wastewaters and surface waters.
Genome‐wide array‐based comparative genomic hybridization of natural killer cell lymphoma/leukemia: Different genomic alteration patterns of aggressive NK‐cell leukemia and extranodal Nk/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type
Authors: Nakashima Yasuhiro , Tagawa Hiroyuki , Suzuki Ritsuro , Karnan Sivasundaram , Karube Kennosuke , Ohshima Koichi , Muta Koichiro , Nawata Hajime , Morishima Yasuo , Nakamura Shigeo , Seto Masao 
Published: July 2005

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cell lymphomas/leukemias are highly aggressive lymphoid malignancies, but little is known about their genomic alterations, and thus there is an urgent need for identification and analysis of NK cell lymphomas/leukemias. Recently, we developed our own array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) with an average resolution of 1.3 Mb. We performed an array CGH analysis for 27 NK‐cell lymphoma/leukemia cases that were classified into two disease groups based on the World Health Organization Classification (10 aggressive NK‐cell leukemia cases and 17 extranodal NK/T‐cell [NK/T] lymphomas, nasal type). We identified the differences in the genomic alteration patterns of the two groups. The recurrent regions characteristic of the aggressive NK‐cell leukemia group compared with those of the extranodal NK/T lymphoma, nasal‐type group, were gain of 1q and loss of 7p15.1‐p22.3 and 17p13.1. In particular, gain of 1q23.1‐24.2 (P = 0.041) and 1q31.3‐q44 (P = 0.003–0.047), and loss of 7p15.1‐p22.3 (P = 0.012–0.041) and 17p13.1 (P = 0.012) occurred significantly more frequently in the former than in the latter group. Recurrent regions characteristic of the extranodal NK/T lymphoma, nasal‐type group, compared with those of the other group were gain of 2q, and loss of 6q16.1‐q27, 11q22.3‐q23.3, 5p14.1‐p14.3, 5q34‐q35.3, 1p36.23‐p36.33, 2p16.1‐p16.3, 4q12, and 4q31.3‐q32.1. Our results can be expected to provide further insights into the genetic basis of lymphomagenesis and the clinicopathologic features of NK‐cell lymphomas/leukemias. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dextran sodium sulfate strongly promotes colorectal carcinogenesis in ApcMin/+ mice: Inflammatory stimuli by dextran sodium sulfate results in development of multiple colonic neoplasms
Authors: Tanaka Takuji , Kohno Hiroyuki , Suzuki Rikako , Hata Kazuya , Sugie Shigeyuki , Niho Naoko , Sakano Katsuhisa , Takahashi Mami , Wakabayashi Keiji 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe mouse model for familial adenomatous polyposis, ApcMin/+ mouse, contains a truncating mutation in the Apc gene and spontaneously develops numerous adenomas in the small intestine but few in the large bowel. Our study investigated whether dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment promotes the development of colonic neoplasms in ApcMin/+ mice. ApcMin/+ and Apc+/+ mice of both sexes were exposed to 2% dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water for 7 days, followed by no further treatment for 4 weeks. Immunohistochemistry for cyclooxygenase‐2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, β‐catenin, p53, and nitrotyrosine, and mutations of β‐catenin and K‐ras and loss of wild‐type allele of the Apc gene in the colonic lesions were examined. Sequential observation of female ApcMin/+ mice that received DSS was also performed up to week 5. At week 5, numerous colonic neoplasms developed in male and female ApcMin/+ mice but did not develop in Apc+/+ mice. Adenocarcinomas developed in ApcMin/+ mice that received DSS showed loss of heterozygosity of Apc and no mutations in the β‐catenin and K‐ras genes. The treatment also significantly increased the number of small intestinal polyps. Sequential observation revealed increase in the incidences of colonic neoplasms and dysplastic crypts in female ApcMin/+ mice given DSS. DSS treatment increased inflammation scores, associated with high intensity staining of β‐catenin, cyclooxygenase‐2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine. Interestingly, strong nuclear staining of p53 was specifically observed in colonic lesions of ApcMin/+ mice treated with DSS. Our results suggest a strong promotion effect of DSS in the intestinal carcinogenesis of ApcMin/+ mice. The findings also suggest that strong oxidative/nitrosative stress caused by DSS‐induced inflammation may contribute to the colonic neoplasms development. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
H2 relaxin overexpression increases in vivo prostate xenograft tumor growth and angiogenesis
Authors: Silvertown Josh D. , Ng Jonathan , Sato Takeya , Summerlee Alastair J. , Medin Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractOur study reports a preliminary investigation into the role of human H2 relaxin in prostate tumor growth. A luciferase‐expressing human prostate cancer cell line, PC‐3, was generated and termed PC3‐Luc. PC3‐Luc cells were transduced with lentiviral vectors engineering the expression of either enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) or both H2 relaxin and eGFP in a bicistronic format. These transduced cells were termed PC3‐Luc‐eGFP and PC3‐Luc‐H2/eGFP, respectively. To gauge effects, PC3‐Luc‐H2/eGFP and PC3‐Luc‐eGFP cells were injected into NOD/SCID mice and monitored over 6 weeks. PC‐3 tumor xenografts overexpressing H2 relaxin exhibited greater tumor volumes compared to control tumors. Circulating H2 relaxin levels in sera increased with the relative size of the tumor, with moderately elevated H2 relaxin levels in mice bearing PC3‐Luc‐H2/eGFP tumors compared to PC3‐Luc‐eGFP tumors. Zymographic analysis demonstrated that proMMP‐9 enzyme activity was significantly downregulated in H2 relaxin‐overexpressing tumors. An advanced angiogenic phenotype was observed in H2 relaxin‐overexpressing tumors indicated by greater intratumoral vascularization by immunohistochemical staining of endothelial cells with anti‐mouse CD31. Moreover, PC3‐Luc‐H2/eGFP tumors exhibited increased VEGF transcript by reverse‐transcription PCR, compared to basal levels in control animals. Taken together, our study provides the first account of a potential role of H2 relaxin in prostate tumor development. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Principal components at work: the empirical analysis of monetary policy with large data sets
Authors: Favero Carlo A. , Marcellino Massimiliano , Neglia Francesca 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe empirical analysis of monetary policy requires the construction of instruments for future expected inflation. Dynamic factor models have been applied rather successfully to inflation forecasting. In fact, two competing methods have recently been developed to estimate large‐scale dynamic factor models based, respectively, on static and dynamic principal components. This paper combines the econometric literature on dynamic principal components and the empirical analysis of monetary policy. We assess the two competing methods for extracting factors on the basis of their success in instrumenting future expected inflation in the empirical analysis of monetary policy. We use two large data sets of macroeconomic variables for the USA and for the Euro area. Our results show that estimated factors do provide a useful parsimonious summary of the information used in designing monetary policy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Markov switching causality and the money–output relationship
Authors: Psaradakis Zacharias , Ravn Morten O. , Sola Martin 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe causal link between monetary variables and output is one of the most studied issues in macroeconomics. One puzzle from this literature is that the results of causality tests appear to be sensitive with respect to the sample period that one considers. As a way of overcoming this difficulty, we propose a method for analysing Granger causality which is based on a vector autoregressive model with time‐varying parameters. We model parameter time‐variation so as to reflect changes in Granger causality, and assume that these changes are stochastic and governed by an unobservable Markov chain. When applied to US data, our methodology allows us to reconcile previous puzzling differences in the outcome of conventional tests for money–output causality. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A guided tour of TSMod 4.03
Authors: Fuertes Ana‐Maria , Izzeldin Marwan , Murphy Anthony 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe review the time series econometrics package TSMod. The new features in TSMod 4.03, released in April 2004, are described and its potential for teaching is analysed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inefficiency and heterogeneity in Turkish banking: 1990–2000
Authors: El‐Gamal Mahmoud A. , Inanoglu Hulusi 
Published: July 2005

AbstractRecent studies have stressed the importance of privatization and openness to foreign competition for bank efficiency and economic growth. We study bank efficiency in Turkey, an emerging economy with great heterogeneity in bank types and ownership structures. Earlier studies of Turkish banking had three limitations: (i) excessive reliance on cost‐function frontier analyses, wherein volume of loans is a measure of banking output; (ii) pooling all banks or imposing ad hoc heterogeneity assumptions; and (iii) lack of a comprehensive panel data set for proper analysis of productivity and heterogeneity. We use an estimation–classification procedure to find likelihood‐driven classification of bank technologies in an 11‐year panel. In addition, we augment traditional cost‐frontier analysis with a labour‐efficiency analysis. We conclude that state banks are not particularly inefficient overall, but that they do utilize labour inefficiently. This partially supports recent calls for privatization. We also conclude that special finance houses (or Islamic banks) utilize the same technology as conventional domestic banks, and do so relatively efficiently. This suggests that they do not cause harm to the financial system. Finally, we conclude that foreign banks utilize a different technology from domestic ones. This suggests that one should not overstate their value to the financial sector. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthetic MMP‐13 degradable ECMs based on poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks. I. Degradation and cell migration
Authors: Kim Soyeon , Chung Eugene H. , Gilbert Michele , Healy Kevin E. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThermoresponsive and injectable semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (sIPNs) containing a biospecific cell‐adhesive signal and proteolytically degradable domains were developed as a synthetic equivalent of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The sIPNs synthesized define a modular hydrogel ECM where different properties of the matrix can be manipulated independently, thus creating a system where parametric analysis of the effect of hydrogel properties on cell proliferation and differentiation is possible. sIPNs composed of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) [p(NIPAAm‐co‐AAc)] and RGD‐grafted poly(acrylic acid) linear chains [p(AAc)‐g‐RGD] were synthesized with peptide crosslinkers containing a matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13, collagenase‐3) degradable domain. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of peptide‐crosslinked p(NIPAAm‐co‐AAc) sIPNs was not influenced by the addition of either linear p(AAc) or peptide‐modified p(AAc) chains (∼34°C) in PBS. Degradation of peptide‐crosslinked hydrogels and sIPNs was enzyme specific and concentration dependent. Exposure of rat calvarial osteoblast (RCO) culture to the degradation products from the peptide‐crosslinked hydrogels did not significantly affect cell viability. Migration of RCOs into the sIPNs was dependent upon the presence of both a cell‐adhesive RGD peptide (Ac‐CGGNGEPRGDTYRAY‐NH2) and proteolytically‐degradable crosslinks; however, there was greater dependence on the latter. The sIPNs synthesized are versatile materials for assessing cell fate in synthetic ECM constructs in vitro and tissue regeneration in vivo. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Critical interval of somal calcium transient after neurite transection determines B104 cell survival
Authors: Nguyen Michael P. , Bittner George D. , Fishman Harvey M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractNerve cells may survive or die after axonal or dendritic transection. After neurite transection near (<50 μm) the cell body of Fura‐2‐loaded B104 neuroblastoma (rat brain‐derived) cells, the somal calcium concentration (SCC) undergoes a three‐phase transient change: a rapid (0–0.15‐min posttransection [PT]) rise phase, followed by an early (0.15–1.5‐min PT) rapid decay phase, and succeeded by a late (1.5–60‐min PT) slower decay phase that restores SCC to preinjury levels. The SCC in a critical interval (1.5–12.5 min PT) of the third transient phase correlates with cell fate, i.e., most transected cells that exclude dye (restore a barrier) and die have a significantly higher (P < 0.005) SCC in this critical interval than do transected cells that exclude dye and survive at 24‐hr PT. Loading BAPTA (chelation of somal Ca2+) before, but not after, the critical interval increases the percentage of cells that survive compared to that of cells transected without BAPTA loading. Furthermore, most transected cells that die despite successful barrier restoration exhibit characteristics consistent with apoptosis initiated during the critical interval of the SCC, including caspase activation and plasmalemmal phosphatidylserine translocation. These data suggest that decreased cell survival for injuries near the soma is due to Ca2+‐initiated apoptosis during the critical interval of the third phase of the SCC transient. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.