bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allozyme markers to help define the South American origins of Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) established in New Zealand for biological control of Argentine stem weevil
Authors: Iline I.I. , Phillips C.B. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe thelytokous parasitoid, Microctonus hyperodae Loan, was collected from eight South American locations and introduced to New Zealand in 1991 for biological control of Argentine stem weevil, Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Parasitoids from each population were released in equal numbers at each New Zealand site to give them the same opportunities to establish. Population markers have been sought to identify the South American geographic populations that have become most successful in New Zealand. These would assist in determining the importance of concepts such as climate matching and host–parasitoid coevolution to the establishment of natural enemies in new regions for biological control. Vertical polyacrylamide electrophoresis was used to survey 16 enzymes and ten calcium binding proteins, and this paper reports variation at three putative loci. Malate dehydrogenase, a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase isozyme and a calcium binding protein exhibited clear genetic variation, each with two alleles. All M. hyperodae isofemale lines from east of the Andes mountains shared one genotype, all but one from west of the Andes shared another, while a population from within the Andes contained both genotypes. This variation was highly congruent with previously described morphometric variation. At two loci, the maintenance of heterozygotes, and the absence of homozygotes, within isofemale lines suggested M. hyperodae thelytoky is apomictic.
Cytolytic Vaginosis: Misdiagnosed as Candidal Vaginitis
Authors: Cerikcioglu Nilgun , Beksac M. Sinan 
Published: June 2004

Objectives: In this study, 210 women with vaginal discharge and other symptoms/signs of genital pathology
suggestive of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) were involved in order to distinguish true VVC and cytolytic
vaginosis (CV) cases.Methods: Fungal cultures, 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and Gram stained preparations and pH
measurements were performed on the vaginal discharge material of each patient.Results: Fifteen patients (7.1%) were diagnosed with cytolytic vaginosis according to their clinical and
microbiological findings, including abundant lactobacilli, fragmented epithelial cells and/or free nuclei due to
cytolysis, seen in their discharge materials on microscopic examination, but no fungal growth.Conclusions: The results of this study may contribute to the reports in the literature indicating the importance
of such disorders, which are generally misdiagnosed as candidiasis.
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Group B Streptococcal ClinicalIsolates
Authors: Simoes Jose A. , Aroutcheva Alla A. , Heimler Ira , Faro Sebastian 
Published: June 2004

Objectives: To determine the in vitro resistance of group B streptococcus (GBS) to 12 antibiotics. To determine
if there has been any decrease in sensitivity to the penicillins or other antibiotics currently used for GBS
chemoprophylaxis in pregnant women. Find suitable alternative antibiotics to penicillin. Find an antibiotic that will
have minimal selective pressure for resistance among the endogenous resident vaginal microflora.Methods: The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of 52 clinical isolates of GBS were evaluated to 12 antibiotics:
ampicillin, azithromycin, cefamandole, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, nitrofurantoin,
ofloxacin, penicillin and vancomycin. Antibiotic sensitivities were determined using disk diffusion and
microdilution methods according to the guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards
(NCCLS).Results: All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, ofloxacin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin and penicillin.
However, the following number of clinical isolates exhibited intermediate or decreased sensitivity, nine (17%) to
ampicillin, eight (15%) to penicillin, 14 (32%) to ciprofloxacin and one (2%) to nitrofurantoin. Thirty‐one percent
of the isolates were resistant to azithromycin and ceftriaxone, 19% to clindamycin, 15% to cefazolin and 13% to
cefamandole. Eighteen (35%) of the clinical isolates tested were resistant to 6 of the 12 antibiotics tested.Conclusions: The relatively high rates of resistance for 6 of the 12 antibiotics tested suggest that for women allergic
to penicillin and colonized with GBS, antibiotic sensitivities to their isolates should be determined. The antibiotic
selected for intrapartum chemoprophylaxis should be guided by the organism’s antibiotic sensitivity pattern.
Patients with GBS bacteriuria should be treated with nitrofurantoin.
Antenatal Diagnosis of Intrauterine Infection WithCoxsackievirus B3 Associated With Live Birth
Authors: Ouellet Annie , Sherlock Rebecca , Toye Baldwin , Fung Karen Fung Kee 
Published: June 2004

Background: Prior reported cases of stillbirth and neonates infected with enteroviruses suggest transplacental
infection. We present a case of fetal infection with coxsackievirus B3, diagnosed antenatally and resulting in live
birth.Case: A pregnant woman presented at 26 weeks with fetal tachycardia and non‐immune hydrops fetalis.
Coxsackievirus B3 was cultured from amniotic fluid. Maternal antibody to coxsackievirus B3 was positive at 1:
512. At 32 weeks, the fetus deteriorated and was delivered. Cord blood antibody to coxsackievirus B3 was
positive at a higher titer. Following neonatal death, brain and placental tissues were positive for enterovirus
ribonucleic acid by polymerase chain reaction.Conclusion: Intrauterine infection by enteroviruses should be considered in the differential diagnosis of nonimmune
hydrops fetalis. Antenatal diagnosis of coxsackievirus B3 infection is associated with poor outcome.
Perimenopausal Pneumococcal Tubo‐Ovarian Abscess – a CaseReport and Review
Authors: Seshadri Srividya , Kirwan John , Neal Tim 
Published: June 2004

Background: Genital tract infections in females secondary to Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) are
unusual. Tubo‐ovarian abscess resulting from such an infection is a rare occurrence and diagnosis is not always
easy. This report demonstrates the problems of recognizing this condition and summarizes the
pathomechanism, investigations leading to a diagnosis and the subsequent management.Case: A rare case of a tubo‐ovarian abscess caused by pneumococcus, occurring in a previously healthy 48‐
year‐old woman, is presented. The tubo‐ovarian abscess may have developed insidiously and probably had an
acute exacerbation prior to presentation.Conclusion: This case is unusual in that there were no identifiable initiating events for the source of the
pneumococcal infection. Early recognition of a tubo‐ovarian abscess is important in order to prevent the
associated morbidity and mortality. This condition has the propensity to mimic a neoplasm.
Clinical Evaluation of Afﬁrm VPIII in the Detection andIdentiﬁcation of Trichomonas vaginalis, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Candida Species in Vaginitis/Vaginosis
Authors: Brown Haywood L. , Fuller Deanna D. , Jasper Lori T. , Davis Thomas E. , Wright Justin D. 
Published: June 2004

Objective: To compare the Affirm VPIII Microbial Identification Test for detection and identification of Candida
species, Gardnerella vaginalis and Trichomonas vaginalis to clinical and microscopic criteria commonly used to
diagnose vaginitis.Methods: Women that were symptomatic for vaginitis/vaginosis and asymptomatic women being seen for
routine obstetric or gynecological care were included in this study. Women treated with antibiotics or
antifungals within one week or women who had douched within 24 hours were excluded. Two vaginal swab
specimens were simultaneously obtained from each patient, one swab was placed in sterile physiological saline
for immediate microscopic wet mount examination and KOH testing. The other swab was placed in the Affirm
collection tube for Affirm VPIII testing based on previously demonstrated methods.Results: The Affirm assay was significantly more likely to identify Gardnerella and Candida than wet mount.
190 (45%) were positive for Gardnerella by Affirm compared to 58 (14%) by wet mount; 45 (11%) were
positive for Candida by Affirm compared to 31 (7%) by wet mount; and 30 (7%) were positive for
Trichomonas by Affirm compared to 23 (5%) by wet mount. Symptomatic women were significantly more
likely to be positive by Affirm only (23% vs. 10%), wet mount only (3% vs. 2%) or Affirm and wet mount
(15% vs. 1%). Asymptomatic women were significantly more likely to be negative for Affirm and wet mount
(43% vs. 5%).Conclusions: The Affirm VPIII test is a more sensitive diagnostic test for detection and identification of
symptomatic vaginitis/vaginosis than conventional clinical examination and wet mount testing.
‘Die Neue Frau’ in the Correspondence of Johanna Kinkel, Malwida von Meysenbug and Fanny Lewald
Authors: Whittle Ruth 
Published: June 2004

AbstractJohanna Kinkel (1810–58), Malwida von Meysenbug (1816–1903) and Fanny Lewald (1811–89) were three key female thinkers in Germany at the time of the Revolution of 1848/49. This article establishes the significance of their little known, in part unpublished, early correspondence and demonstrates the difficulty of any generalising account of ‘women's history’ and ‘women's writing’. The exchanges between the three correspondents are shaped by a series of conflicting attitudes and pressures. On the one hand the correspondents wanted to help create a politically enlightened Germany and thus tended to project images of their addressees or themselves as ‘new women’. On the other hand they were concerned to present, even to one another, a self‐image that conformed to current, rather conservative, social norms and prescriptions. All three women found it difficult to sustain either image under pressure from the conflicts in their daily lives. Some of the reasons for the ultimate disappointment of their hopes for rapid change can be traced in this correspondence.
The Mystery of Feilenhauer Torgelow: Fontane's Elusive Social Democrat
Authors: Tatchell Scott 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAs Günter Grass (among others) has highlighted, Theodor Fontane's Der Stechlin is one of the first German novels to feature a social‐democratic politician. This article examines the character of Torgelow, who is elected to the Reichstag. Anything we learn about Torgelow is always at one remove, by way of other characters. He never features directly in the narrative, and remains a mysterious figure.After summarising the political backdrop against which the novel is set and providing a brief overview of Fontane's own attitude to the SPD, the article argues that pragmatic concerns and Fontane's burgeoning interest in the party combine to explain Torgelow's inclusion. Subsequently, Torgelow's abstract characterisation is explained as a consequence of Fontane's desire to portray the fear, loathing and ignorance inherent in bourgeois and aristocratic attitudes towards the party. The argument that Torgelow is a mere cipher for the party is rejected. Instead, Torgelow should be seen in the wider context of Fontane's depiction of the SPD as a whole. Overall, the article argues that the character of Torgelow provides a means for Fontane to acknowledge the SPD's rise, to suggest that its predominance will be of finite duration, and to oppose the party's persecution.
frau auf dem linguistischen Prüfstand: Eine korpusgestützte Gebrauchsanalyse feministischer Indefinitpronomen
Authors: Storjohann Petra 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag soll der Frage nachgegangen werden, ob sich feministische Indefinitpronomen, insbesondere die Neuschöpfung frau, in ihrem Gebrauch außerhalb der feministischen Sprachbetrachtung und außerhalb frauenspezifischer Diskurse etabliert haben. Auf der Basis der IDS‐Korpora wird der öffentliche Sprachgebrauch neuer Pronomen hinsichtlich ihres Vorkommens sowohl quantitativ als auch qualitativ ausgewertet, um Aussagen zur Gebrauchsentwicklung treffen zu können. Mithilfe eines korpusanalytischen Werkzeugs werden linguistische Strukturen aufgedeckt, die Verwendungstypisches im Gebrauch des Lexems frau illustrieren. Besonderes Augenmerk erhält die diachrone Untersuchung der kontextuellen Einbettungen des Lexems frau. Dabei spielt sowohl die Extrahierung syntagmatischer Mitspieler mithilfe der softwaregestützten Kollokationsanalyse als auch die linguistische Analyse der Relationen zwischen Begleitwort und Suchwort eine besondere Rolle. Darüber hinaus sollen auch pragmatische und syntaktische Aspekte eruiert sowie Fragestellungen der allgemeinsprachlichen Bewertung feministischer Indefinitpronomen nachgegangen werden.
Dramatist with a Talent for Dramatisation: Elfriede Jelinek's Manipulation of the Media
Authors: El Refaie Elisabeth 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis article describes Elfriede Jelinek's complex relationship with the media. Although she complains bitterly about the aggressive hate campaigns which she is regularly subjected to in her native Austria, her well‐timed provocations often give the impression of a deliberate manipulation of the media. This ambivalence is reflected in Jelinek's two plays Stecken, Stab und Stangl and In den Alpen, which deal with recent catastrophic events and their portrayal in the news. Both plays mimic media styles and quote from newspaper texts, but in a way that challenges the original meanings by satirising them. Using examples of reviews of the two plays in the German‐speaking press, I demonstrate that Jelinek's satirical techniques are often misunderstood and that she is accused of reinforcing the very patterns of discourse she criticises. However, the author does not appear to be interested in avoiding such misunderstandings. On the contrary, Jelinek's provocations of the media and of sections of her audiences must be regarded as constituting an integral part of her ‘dramaturgy’.
Improving Dean's writing: or, what shall we tell the children?
Authors: Frater Graham 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn this paper Graham Frater finds early signs of a revival of explicit instruction in English grammar to pupils of compulsory school age in England; this is accompanied by an expectation that such teaching might play an important part in closing the ‘writing gap’. He suggests that, strengthened by the National Literacy Strategy, this early re‐awakening invokes again some of the debates that accompanied the construction of the National Curriculum. Rooted in a case study of a text by a low‐achieving Y7 writer, and in two surveys of effective practice with writing (covering Key Stages 2–4), this paper argues that purposeful text‐level teaching, reading in particular, and the creation of real readerships offer more secure ways of promoting progress in writing.
Thinking outside the box: imagination and empathy beyond story writing
Authors: Brill Frances 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIt is sometimes assumed that the strongest opportunities for developing imagination and empathy through children's writing lie in narrative starting points, whereas other less obviously literary writing forms are more readily associated with functional literacy. Consequently, writing regarded as non‐literary is rarely analysed with these qualities in mind. This paper presents an exploratory, textual analysis of children's letter‐writing texts, which aims to identify and describe the uses of imagination and empathy. It is suggested that imaginative strategies were integral to this textual construction and that the significance of imagination and empathy in writing development is worthy of further exploration.
“This one is more me!” What children think about writing test stimuli involving choice
Authors: Johnson Martin 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis study follows from a previous study into children's attitudes to writing test stimulus features. In that study the views of 192 English eleven‐year‐olds were surveyed using a questionnaire. The survey found that the children were mainly influenced by features that they felt contributed to task difficulty. A qualitative study was designed in order to investigate children's views in more depth. Stimuli were constructed containing various features that children in the earlier study had suggested contributed to task difficulty. The children's ideas relating to the stimuli were elicited using a modified version of Kelly's repertory grid technique.
‘Invisible’ teachers of literacy: collusion between siblings and teachers in creating classroom cultures
Authors: Gregory Eve 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe promise to raise literacy standards significantly at age 11 in economically disadvantaged areas has been an important part of the present British Government's educational policy. Integral to this promise has been the introduction of official home/school ‘contracts’ or ‘agreements’, which oblige parents to engage in specific literacy activities with their children. However, evidence from a longitudinal study of family literacy practices in East London suggests that family and community membersother than parentsmight play a crucial role in initiating young children into literacy.Siblingsparticularly have been found to be efficient ‘teachers’ of school literacy practices. In this paper, I investigate particularly ways in which an unspoken collusion takes place between teacher and older sibling revealed during ‘play school’ sessions in Bangladeshi British households in East London.
Bilingual Chinese/English first‐graders developing metacognition about writing
Authors: Ruan Jiening 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis study investigates metacognitive development of 16 bilingual Chinese/English first‐graders. The researcher analysed the metacognitive utterances produced by the children while they were engaged in the writing task of composing dictated stories. The results suggest that the young bilinguals demonstrated metacognitive abilities and were able to employ metacognitive knowledge during their writing attempts. There is also indication that metacognition is closely connected to these children's ability to compose stories and the qualities of their stories.
Resistance Is Not Futile: Liberating Captain Janeway from the Masculine‐Feminine Dualism of Leadership
Authors: Bowring Michèle A. 
Published: June 2004

. . . the boundary between science‐fiction and social reality is an optical illusion’ (Haraway, 1990, p. 191)
My underlying purpose in this article is to uncover the way in which research on leadership has been constrained by a reliance on the categories male‐female and/or masculine‐feminine for theorizing and for empirical work. I argue that both gender and leadership are caught within what Judith Butler calls the heterosexual matrix and that this has significant repercussions on leaders and leadership discourse. I use the character of Captain Kathryn Janeway from Star Trek: Voyager as a case study. I begin by analysing her leadership on the television series. I then perform a similar analysis of Janeway as she is represented in a text that subverts her gender by queering her character. I compare the two Janeways and the effect that the construction of each one's gender has on her leadership. In the conclusion I discuss ways in which we can use this analysis to move towards fluidity in the theorizing and practice of both gender and leadership.
The information needs and information seeking behaviour of family doctors
Authors: Bryant Sue Lacey 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAims:  To explore the information needs and information seeking behaviour of family doctors, identifying any differences in attitudes and behaviours deriving from membership of a training practice and investigating the impact of a practice librarian.Methods:  A case study of general practitioners (GPs) in Aylesbury Vale incorporated a quantitative study of use of the medical library, and two qualitative techniques, in‐depth interviews and group discussions.Results:  A total of 58 GPs, almost three quarters of those in the Vale, participated; 19 via individual interviews and a further 39 via two group discussions. Family doctors are prompted to seek information by needs arising from a combination of professional responsibilities and personal characteristics. A need for problem‐orientated information, related to the care of individual patients, was the predominant factor that prompted these GPs to seek information. Personal collections remain the preferred information resource; electronic sources rank second. The study demonstrated low use of the medical library. However, both vocational training and the employment of a practice librarian impacted on library use.Conclusions:  The study illuminates the information needs and preferences of GPs and illustrates the contribution that librarians may make at practice level, indicating the importance of outreach work.
Semantics and the medical web: a review of barriers and breakthroughs in effective healthcare query
Authors: Lorence Daniel P. , Spink Amanda 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the research into current medical vocabularies and their impact on searching the Web for health information. The Web provides growing opportunities for laypersons to gain knowledge about specific health conditions, though research to date has been incomplete. Many studies have examined aspects of controlled medical vocabularies. Other studies have examined aspects of medical Web searching vocabularies. In this context, there is a growing need to examine more closely laypersons’ Web queries using controlled medical vocabularies that were designed to serve the needs of medical professionals. It may be the case that the average consumer of Web health services is not able to use correct medical terminology, and may not be able to choose analogous or synonymous terms from a search result list. Our review suggests a growing need for studies to examine the current applicability of controlled medical vocabularies as well as alternatives to semantic query by Web search engine users.
Information overload within the health care system: a literature review
Authors: Hall Amanda , Walton Graham 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThere is a widespread view held by health clinicians that their work effectiveness is impaired by ‘information overload.’ Building upon a previous work by Wilson, a review of the literature was undertaken to look for the evidence of this. It was found that the literature, particularly in the context of the clinical environment, was limited. This review explores the diverse overarching theories of information overload, effects of the phenomenon that are perceived to occur and proposed solutions to this problem. Many of the papers noted an information explosion but only three authors explicitly attempted to measure both the quantity and the complexity of this information. It was also found that the typology of the information studied was severely limited with most studies exploring information such as guidelines, access to journals, research findings and other knowledge intensive areas. Solutions proposed seem to concentrate on technological means rather than exploring the use of humans either in management of information or as a step in the filtering process.
Dispelling Rumors of a Gene Shortage
Authors: Barrett H. Clark 
Published: June 2004

The Birth of the MindHow a Tiny Number of Genes Creates the Complexities of Human Thought. by Gary Marcus. Basic Books, New York, 2004. 288 pp. $26, C$36.95, £19.99. ISBN 0-465-04405-0.Marcus argues that a small number of genes underlie the emergence of the complex brain structure and mental capabilities of humans.