bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P-700. Examining the Knowledge, Availability, Access and Uptake of RSV Immunoprophylasis among RSV Hospitalized Infants
Authors: Shelley Jamee T , Walsh Tyler , Gorham Lisa , Madrian Erika , Neiditz Hannah , Torres Ana V , Prater Jasmine , Heroux Megan D , Catherall David , Sun Brian , Agha Humza , Ott meghan , True Kelly , Barganier Lori B , Cindy Terrill M , Reich Patrick J , Newland Jason G 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Every year, up to 80,000 children less than 5 years are hospitalized due to RSV infection and those less than 1 are at greatest risk for ICU admission. In the Fall of 2023, 2 immunoprophylaxis strategies, nirsevimab for infants and Abrysvo for pregnant women, were approved to prevent serious RSV infection in infants. This study investigates whether caregivers of infants admitted with RSV were aware, had access of RSV and whether the RSV vaccine was received.Table 1:RSV Respondents Demographics

Methods
A survey study was conducted among families with infants born between April 2023 and March 2024, who were admitted to St. Louis Children's Hospital and tested positive for RSV. The survey asked questions among caregivers regarding the main themes: awareness, availability and uptake of the immunoprophylaxis.Table 2:RSV-related Caregiver Responses

Results
A total of 34 surveys were completed with 3 moms having received Abrysvo and 6 infants having received nirsevimab. The demographics of the respondents were 12% Black, 74% White, and 9% Multiple races; and 6% Hispanic (Table 1). Of those receiving immunoprophylaxis, 5 and 4 had public and private insurance, respectively (Figure 1). Of the 97% of mothers that received regular prenatal care, only 9% received Abrysvo (Table 2). Of the 31 mom not receiving Abrysvo, 16% responded that the RSV vaccine was not available and 48% responded that the vaccine was not offered (Table 2). Of those infants with RSV who had not received nirsevimab, 65% were not offered the immunization, nirsevimab and Beyfortus. Of those not offered nirsevimab, 32% reported it was not available, 18% did not know about it, and 2% of moms received Abrysvo (Table 2).Figure 1:Mom or Infant Receiving Immunoprophylaxis by Insurance Status

Conclusion
For those moms and infants not receiving Abrysvo or nirsevimab, awareness and availability were important reason. In the upcoming RSV season, more efforts are needed to ensure these factors are addressed in delivering these important immunoprophylaxis products.

Disclosures
Jason G. Newland, MD, MEd, Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support
P-707. Relative Effectiveness of Cell-Based Influenza Vaccines versus Egg-Based Influenza Vaccines: A Review of Test-Confirmed and Clinical Diagnosis-Based Outcomes
Authors: Imran Mahrukh , Mifsud Edin , Haag Mendel , McGovern Ian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Cell-based influenza vaccine viruses may more closely match recommended vaccine strains than egg-based options. A previous systematic literature review (SLR) and meta-analysis evaluated the relative effectiveness (rVE) of cell-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIVc) versus standard-dose, egg-based quadrivalent or trivalent influenza vaccines (QIVe/TIVe) in preventing either clinically diagnosed or test-confirmed influenza. We sought to build on that prior evidence and evaluate the rVE of QIVc versus QIVe/TIVe by separately analyzing test-confirmed and clinically diagnosed influenza.

Methods
Studies reporting on the rVE of QIVc vs QIVe/TIVe among persons aged 4–64 years were identified from a prior SLR (PROSPERO CRD42020160851) that included studies published between 01-January-2016 and 25-February-2022. Additionally, a scoping review was conducted to identify additional studies published between 25-February-2022 and 01-March-2024. A DerSimonian and Laird random effects model was applied for the meta-analyses.

Results
The SLR included 10 relevant publications (n=3 test-confirmed; n=7 clinical diagnosis) spanning three influenza seasons from 2017–2020. An additional test-confirmed study covering the 2017–2020 influenza seasons was identified from the scoping review. Among persons aged 4–64 years, the pooled rVE demonstrated a consistent benefit of QIVc for both outcome types, with estimates of 11.9% (95% CI, 3.0%–20%; n studies=3) for 2017–2018, 11.8% (4.2%–19.4%; n=2) for 2018–2019, and 10.0% (2.7%–16.7%; n=1) for 2019–2020 in preventing test-confirmed influenza and 18.7% (8.7%–27.6%; n=2) for 2017–2018, 5.9% (4.3%–7.5%; n=2) for 2018–2019, and 10.1% (6.1%–14.0%; n=2) for 2019–2020 in preventing clinically diagnosed influenza.

Conclusion
For persons aged 4–64 years, QIVc was consistently more effective than QIVe/TIVe over the three influenza seasons for both test-confirmed influenza and clinically diagnosed influenza. The results do not suggest systematic over or underestimation of rVE for prevention of clinically diagnosed compared to test-confirmed influenza.

Disclosures
Mahrukh Imran, MScPH, CSL Seqirus: Employee Edin Mifsud, PhD, CSL Seqirus: Employee|CSL Seqirus: Stocks/Bonds (Private Company) Mendel Haag, PhD, PharmD, CSL Seqirus: Employment|CSL Seqirus: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Ian McGovern, MPH, CSL Seqirus: Employee|CSL Seqirus: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company)
P-767. Unveiling Tuberculosis: A Perspective on Active vs. Subclinical Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Cardenas-Maldonado Diana D D , Chevalier Thomas , Herc Erica , Lanfranco Odaliz Abreu , Suleyman Geehan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Despite being preventable and curable, tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world’s leading infectious disease killers with 1.5 million people dying each year worldwide. The U.S. has one of the world’s lowest rates of TB; however, cases increased 16% from 2022 to 2023. Although risk factors and outcomes associated with TB have been described, reports characterizing TB disease in the U.S. are limited.
IQR: interquartile; USA: United States of America; BMI: Body Mass Index; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; TNF-alpha inhibitors: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors; TB: tuberculosis.

Methods
Retrospective case series of patients with TB disease at Henry Ford Health in Southeast Michigan from Jan 2019-Dec 2023. Demographics, risk factors, clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcomes were evaluated.  Active and subclinical TB were compared. Active TB was defined as positive imaging and/or microbiologic assay with clinical TB-related symptoms, and subclinical TB as positive imaging and/or microbiologic assay without symptoms.
AFB: Acid-Fast-Bacilli; MTB: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; IQR: interquartile; TB: tuberculosis; RIPE: Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol; INH: Isoniazid; RIF: Rifampin.

Results
53 patients were included, of whom 18 (33%) were black and 34 (64%) were male with a median age of 55 years (Table 1). Almost half were born in the U.S., and a quarter lived in Detroit. Prior TB exposure (30%), international travel (21%), persons who inject drugs (23%), and incarceration (17%) were common risk factors. 47 (89%) patients had active TB, and cough (68%) was prevalent. Consolidation and nodular patterns were frequently seen on imaging; cavitation occurred in 42% of cases. All had sputum smear microscopy and culture ordered; MTB PCR was obtained in 72% of cases (Table 2). Both were more likely to be positive in those with active TB. Most patients required inpatient admission; median time to airborne isolation precautions was longer in the subclinical group. Length of stay was prolonged in both groups. All patients with active TB received treatment, whereas 83% were treated in the subclinical group. Most were treated for at least 6 months. Among those completing treatment, 68% achieved cure and 15% expired.

Conclusion
In this large cohort of TB patients, almost half were US-born and a third had a known TB exposure. Although less common, subclinical TB contributed to 11% of cases. Despite treatment, clinical cure was suboptimal with a 15% mortality. Early recognition and treatment of latent and active TB are critical disease control and prevention strategies.

Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures
P-787. Potential Impact of Repeating Unexpected Positive Interferon Gamma Release Assays
Authors: Kiritsy Michael , Turner Nicholas A , Zavala Sofia , Stout Jason E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) are more specific for tuberculosis infection than the tuberculin skin test but also have higher test-retest variability. False positive tests may occur in low prevalence populations. As such, repeating unexpected positive tests (positive tests in patients without exposure risk) is recommended.Table:Initial and repeat IGRA results

Methods
We performed a retrospective electronic record review of all patients for whom a QuantiFERON (IGRA) was performed in Duke University Health System between 10/1/2014-5/3/2024. We examined patterns of repeat testing and ascertained the potential clinical impact of repeat testing.

Results
In total, 59,485 IGRAs were performed on 49,850 patients during the study period. 7,076 patients had repeat IGRA testing (median 2 IGRAs, range 2-9). Of these, 6137 had negative, 297 positive, and 642 indeterminate results on the first test. When repeat testing was performed, 743 (11%) patients had a different result on the second test (Table). Of patients with initial positive results, 104/297 (35%) had a negative result on the second test, which was performed a median of 110 days later (IQR 16-420 days). 86 patients had a negative first test but a positive second test; of these, 38 had a third test performed that was negative in 27 (71%) and positive in 11 (29%).

Conclusion
In a low-prevalence setting, repeating positive IGRA tests potentially avoided unnecessary preventive treatment in over a third of patients with an initial positive test and in two-thirds of patients with a prior negative test.

Disclosures
Nicholas A. Turner, MD, MHSc, PDI: Research contract|Purio Labs: Research contract
P-796. The Deadly Raise of NTM : An Observational Study on Clinical profile and Outcome Of NTM Disease
Authors: Teja Vasireddy , Saha Bibhuti , Haldar Soumendranath 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
NTM is ubiquitously present in the environment. When these microorganisms shed, they produce biofilms that increase the likelihood of infection.
CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF NTM

Methods
STUDY PERIOD: 1 YEAR
STUDY DESIGN:
Cross-sectional observational study
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
Categorical variables will be expressed as %
NTM VARIOUS CLINICAL SITES

Results
25 cases were selected for analysis. Out of 25 (40% ) were port site infection and 12 % pulmonary. Most common symptom was discharge (60%) . Empirical antibiotics were started in 100% . ID referral was sent in all .RF were seen in 40%. Scans was showing sinus tract formation or deep seated abscess among (80%); . AFB stain was positive in 80% cases and CB-NAAT negative in 100% cases. Culture positivity in 56% , among 15 samples sent for PCR it was positive in 10 (66.6%); among 10 cases sent for sequencing 8(80%) cases were positive. Rapid growers 92% and then slow growers were seen in 8% cases. most common species was M.chelonae (28.5%) followed by M.fortuitum and abscessus (21.4%); among 3 species of abscessus sub species were able to identify in one case and it was boleti 33.3%. slow growers MAC and kansasi were identified 7% each. NTM culture was given positive but species identification was not done in 14.2% cases. Culture was negative in 44% of cases. DST was done in 14 cases and genotypic was able to do in 5 cases and erm gene detected (40%) cases. Phenotypic DST was done in all culture positive isolates(n=14), among them cotrimoxazole (92.8%); Amikacin and linezolid was sensitive in 85.7% isolates, imipenem,levofloxacin and tigecycline in 71.4% and macrolide was sensitive in 57.1% cases only. Various combination regimens were used and most common combination used were amikacin,levofloxacin,macrolide and amikacin,linezolid,levofloxacin and amikacin,levofloxacin,cotrimoxazole in 24% cases; and 1 case had treatment with amikacin,linezolid,tigecycline . 40 % cases used combination treatment for 1 year or longer;20 % cases only used 6 months of therapy. Side effects like GIT intolerance in 80% cases; renal toxicity was seen in 40% cases. Upon follow up death in 8%; resolution in 76% , culture negativity 71.4% non-resolving/recurrence 16%

Conclusion
Most of the patients with NTM are misdiagnosed and are treated as tuberculosis
ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITIES AMONG VARIOUS NTM ISOLATED
NTM IMAGE 4

Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures
P-797. Household Contact Tuberculosis Screening Experience and Predictors of Tuberculosis Disease Diagnosis in Rural Tanzania
Authors: ILAIWY Ghassan , Lukumay Saning’o , Agustino Domitila , Mejan Paulo , Simeon Kusulla , Mduma Estomih , Heysell Scott , Thomas Tania 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
One third of people with TB disease (PWTB) remain undiagnosed, experiencing prolonged illnesses before diagnosis. To close this gap, the World Health Organization and national guidelines recommend TB screening for all household contacts (HHCs) of index PWTB. HHC TB screening experiences vary between countries, and between rural and urban parts within the same country. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the HHC TB screening and explore predictors of TB disease diagnosis among HHCs in Rural Tanzania.

Methods
We used data from a prospectively enrolled cohort of index PWTB and their HHCs in Haydom, Tanzania. We describe the testing recommended as part of HHC TB screening and use a multivariate regression model to explore predictors of TB disease diagnosis.

Results
The cohort enrolled 120 index PWTB with 398 HHCs. 261 HHCs (66%) from 85 households completed TB screening with sputum and chest x-ray recommended for 121 (46%) and 3 (1%) HHCs respectively. 18 HHCs (4.5%) were diagnosed with TB disease, 14 of them with no sputum or CXR recommended. HHCs with TB symptoms and HHCs of index PWTB with pulmonary TB or HIV were more likely to be diagnosed with TB. Only 10 HHCs completed six-months of daily isoniazid TPT out of 61 HHCs who started TPT (16.3%) and 79 HHCs who were eligible (12.7%).

Conclusion
The recommended sputum and imaging studies to complete HHC TB screening and short TPT regimens have suboptimal penetration in this rural high-burden setting. Innovative testing and coverage modalities are needed to bridge the gap.

Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures
P-798. Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacterial Infections at a National Cancer Institute-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center in Florida
Authors: Pasikhova Yanina , Snyder Matthew , Morrison Austin , Handley Guy , Syed Misbahuddin , Cannella Anthony P 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental organisms which become opportunistic pathogens in certain patient populations. NTM prevalence has increased globally, thought to be due to the increased diagnostic testing and availability of population-based studies. This is especially true in Florida, where we have previously documented more cases of Mycobacterium abscessus group compared to M. avium Complex (MAC) group. Current literature of NTM infections in oncology patients is minimal and represents a unique area for study. Here we present our epidemiological and clinical presentation of NTM infection cases at a National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center.Figure 1.Patient Characteristics

Methods
Retrospective, Institutional Review Board-approved, single-center cohort study, of adult patients with microbiologically proven NTM infections who presented from 2020 to 2023. Demographic, laboratory, and susceptibility data were retrieved from the electronic medical record system and evaluated to show institutional patterns.Figure 2.Microbiological Characteristics for Overall Population

Results
Ninety-three cases of NTM infection met assessment criteria. Baseline characteristics are shown in Figure 1. A large proportion were female (71%) and white (90%). Many had a past or active cancer (80%), with skin (23%), lung (22%), and breast (13%) most prevalent. MAC (52%) and M. abscessus group (31%) were the most common NTM isolates (Figure 2). The majority were pulmonary infections (81%), with the integument accounting for most non-pulmonary sites (78%). Positive cultures were most frequently obtained via bronchoalveolar lavage (62%) followed by sputum (13%). Figure 3 offers insight into infection/culture site and cancer type stratified by organism, while susceptibility patterns are summarized in Figure 4.Figure 3.Site of Infection/Culture and Type of Cancer Stratified by Organism

Conclusion
NTM infections at our institution were primarily caused by MAC or M. abscessus group and were typically pulmonary in nature, isolated via bronchoalveolar lavage. Most occurred in patients with a solid tumor malignancy. Further research is needed to delineate prevalence patterns, microbiological characteristics, and treatment approaches of NTM infections in our site’s population.
Susceptibility by Organism

Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures
Neurocognitive Impairment Among Cryptococcal Meningitis Survivors in Uganda, a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Nsangi Laura , Hullsiek Kathy Huppler , Dai Biyue , Namudde Alice , Menya Grace , Ssebambulidde Kenneth , Tugume Lillian , Nuwagira Edwin , Rhein Joshua , Williams Darlisha A , Musubire Abdu K , Boulware David R , Meya David B , Abassi Mahsa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Neurocognitive impairment in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis survivors remains poorly characterized. We sought to identify risk factors associated with sustained neurocognitive impairment.

Methods
Cryptococcal meningitis survivors from the ASTRO-CM trial underwent neurocognitive assessment at 12 weeks. A composite quantitative neurocognitive performance score (QNPZ-8) was calculated as a mean of 8 independent z-scores. Participants were classified by QNPZ-8 score as having mild (QNPZ-8 ≥−1), moderate (−2 &lt; QNPZ-8 &lt; –1), or severe (QNPZ-8 ≤−2) impairment compared with the reference cohort of HIV-negative Ugandan adults. We compared differences in baseline demographics and clinical and laboratory variables by impairment categories.

Results
One hundred fifty-two participants completed ≥5 of the 8 neuropsychological tests and were included in the analysis. Overall, 37% (57/152) exhibited mild (QNPZ-8 ≥−1), 37% (56/152) moderate (−2 &lt; QNPZ-8 &lt; –1), and 26% (39/152) severe impairment (QNPZ-8 ≤−2). The overall mean QNPZ-8 score (SD) of −1.4 (0.82) denoted moderate neurocognitive impairment at 12 weeks. At baseline, lower weight (P = .03), Glasgow Coma Scale score &lt;15 (P = .03), and education ≤7 years (P &lt; .001) were more frequently observed among those with severe neurocognitive impairment at 12 weeks. Education ≤7 years (odds ratio, 6.13; 95% CI, 2.96–12.68; P &lt; .001) and Glasgow Coma Scale score &lt;15 (odds ratio, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.23–5.57; P = .013) were associated with moderate or severe neurocognitive impairment.

Conclusions
Neurocognitive impairment is prevalent at 12 weeks post-treatment in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. Education level and Glasgow Coma Scale score &lt;15 are associated with worse neurocognitive performance. Our findings underscore the need to further evaluate the impact of cryptococcal meningitis on neurocognitive outcomes.
Promoting owners’ shared parking willingness considering management mechanisms in community network
Authors: Wei Qingqi , Xiao Guomei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Shared parking effectively optimizes urban parking resources while making full use of private parking spaces and satisfying the growing demand for parking in large cities. However, some owners are unwilling to share private parking spaces and oppose the community in conducting shared parking projects. To promote the sharing of private parking spaces, we use a complex network evolutionary game method to depict the impact of owners’ unfavorable relationships on individuals’ decision processes in real time and explore the impact of management mechanisms on owners’ willingness to share. The results demonstrate that experience-weighted attraction learning strategies that focus on experiential learning and adaptability are more conducive to promoting owner cooperation, whereas neighbor-avoidance conflict costs resulting from interactions between owners restrict cooperative behavior, and a higher number of network owners is detrimental to cooperation. A platform that improves the rejection rate of parking requests and overtime inconvenience cost is conducive to cooperation, but overtime probability and time window conflict cost reduce owners’ willingness to share. The government can lessen these adverse effects by adding compensation to all owners and increasing the public opinion adjustment coefficient to promote cooperative behavior and increase the number of shared parking spaces.
Chronic treatment of old mice with AICAR reverses age‐related changes in exercise performance and skeletal muscle gene expression
Authors: Wilcox Shalene H. , Calixto Jouber , Dray Steven D. , Rasch Daniel M. , Smith Andrew H. , Brodowski Kole D. , Hill Jonathon T. , Thomson David M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSarcopenia refers to the decline in muscle mass and function that occurs with advancing age. It is driven by alterations in multiple cellular processes. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor that opposes many age‐related changes, making it an attractive target for the treatment of sarcopenia. This study aimed to test the effect of chronic treatment of old mice with the AMPK‐activating prodrug, AICAR, on treadmill running capacity and muscle mass, force production, gene expression, and intracellular markers relevant to sarcopenia. Old (23 months) mice were tested for treadmill running capacity, then randomly assigned to receive daily treatment with AICAR (OA; 300 to 500 mg/kg, delivered via subcutaneous injection) or an equivalent volume of saline vehicle (OS) for 31 days. Young (5 months) saline‐treated mice (YS) served as controls. Treadmill posttesting was performed after 24 days, and the mice were euthanized after 31 days of treatment. Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were tested for force generation and RNA sequencing, RT‐PCR, and western blotting were performed on quadricep muscles. Treadmill running capacity declined from pre‐ to posttesting by 24.5% in OS mice. This decline was not observed in YS or OA mice. Quadricep weight was ~8% higher, and tetanic force production by the EDL muscle increased by 26.4% in OA versus OS. These phenotypic improvements with AICAR treatment were accompanied by changes in gene expression in OA/YS versus OS muscles consistent with the “rejuvenation” of gene ontologies associated with connective tissue, neurodegenerative disease, Akt signaling, and mitochondrial function, among others. AICAR increased the mitochondrial markers cytochrome C by ~33%, and citrate synthase by ~22%. Serum insulin‐like growth factor‐1 levels increased, and Akt phosphorylation tended (p = 0.07) to increase with AICAR treatment. Although protein levels of the mTORC1 signaling pathway intermediate, rpS6, were higher in OA versus OS muscles, the phosphorylation of mTORC1 pathway intermediates was unaffected. On the other hand, gene expression of the muscle‐specific ubiquitin ligases Mafbx and Murf1 were reduced with AICAR treatment. AICAR treatment mildly increased/preserved muscle mass and force production and prevented a decline in treadmill running performance in old mice. These effects were associated with altered skeletal muscle gene and protein expression, suggesting improved mitochondrial content and metabolic signaling (particularly through Akt) as contributing factors to the observed phenotypic effects. Our findings support further development of AMPK‐activating drugs as a therapeutic strategy for improving age‐related organismal dysfunction and sarcopenia.