bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The perceived role fit of women and men academics: evidence from the social sports sciences
Authors: Lesch Lara , Scharfenkamp Katrin , Wicker Pamela 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe underrepresentation of women in academia is often explained by the presence of gender stereotypes and the perception that women fit the role of an academic to a lesser extent. Based on social role theory and role congruity theory, this study investigates and estimates the perceived role fit of women and men academics in the social sports sciences.MethodsData were collected with a quantitative online survey. The sample (n = 792) includes individuals who study or work in sports economics, sport management, or sport sociology (referred to as social sports sciences). The questionnaire included items that reflect attributes of an ideal-typical academic as well as women and men academics in four dimensions, i.e., leadership, research methods, media visibility, and research topics. In the first step, these items were used to estimate a total role fit index for both women and men academics, as well as indices for all dimensions. In a second step, regression analyses were used to examine how respondents' individual characteristics (e.g., discipline, career stage, gender, presence of role models) are related to their perceived role fit indices and the differences in the perceived role fit.Results and discussionThe role fit index ranges from 0 to 1, and women have a higher total role fit than men (0.77 vs. 0.75). The results suggest that women in the social sports sciences are perceived as a better fit for the role of an academic. In contrast to role congruity theory, women's leadership fit is higher than men's fit in this dimension (0.79 vs. 0.72). Regarding the associations of individual characteristics, professors seem to perceive a lower role fit for both genders than students. Furthermore, the difference between the perceived role fit of men and women is smaller for women respondents. Having a woman role model leads to a higher fit of women academics in the leadership dimension.
Exploring factors affecting Chinese adolescents’ perceived usefulness and engagement with a stress management app: a qualitative study
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyun , Bambling Matthew , Bai Xuejun , Smith Anthony C. , Edirippulige Sisira 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionProviding adolescents with stress management interventions via mobile apps has potential for overcoming barriers to traditional in-person services, such as stigma, cost and travel. However, the effectiveness remains uncertain and engagement level remains low. Therefore, it is essential to understand adolescents’ user experience of such apps, however, such research is scarce. This study aimed to address this research gap by exploring factors affecting Chinese adolescents’ perceived usefulness and engagement of a stress management app, which was developed for them.MethodsA qualitative study design involving focus group interviews and inductive thematic analysis was adopted. A purposive sampling method was employed, resulting in five focus groups (n = 39 adolescents).ResultsTwo themes emerged: (1) mechanism and determinants of usefulness and (2) facilitators and barriers to engagement. The app was found to be helpful in managing chronic and simple stressors by promoting positive behavior, cognition, and physical changes. Relevance to real-life situations, peer support, and planning and monitoring features were found to increase usefulness. Participants suggested adding one-on-one chat support for managing acute stressors. Multimedia, logical content arrangement, combining psychoeducation and skills training, gamification, customization, and an appealing user interface were engaging factors for adolescents, whilst text-heavy content, pedagogical and monotonous tones, technical issues were found to disengage adolescents.ConclusionStress management apps should involve simple and evidence-based coping skills training, target adolescents’ real-life problems, promote positive peer influence, address both chronic and acute stressors. Additionally, such apps should have logical arrangement of content, be interactive and customizable, and involve multimedia and gamification features to engage adolescents.
Difficulties in emotional regulation mediates the impact of burden on quality of life and mental health in a sample of family members of people diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Fonseca-Baeza Sara , García-Alandete Joaquín , Marco José Heliodoro , Pérez Rodríguez Sandra , Baños Rosa M. , Guillén Verónica 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundAlthough it has been suggested that family members of persons suffering from Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) endure high levels of burden, however, the process and the impact of this burden in their lives, and specifically the relation between the burden and emotional regulation has not been broadly investigated among this population. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of burden on quality of life and depression, anxiety and stress, as mediated by difficulties in emotional regulation in family members of persons diagnosed with BPD.MethodParticipants were 167 family members of persons diagnosed with BPD. The Burden Assessment Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Multicultural Quality of Life Index, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 were filled out. Mediation analysis was conducted using the Maximum Likelihood estimator, bootstrap method and listwise deletion for missing data.ResultsBurden showed a significant, negative effect on quality of life and positive on depression, anxiety and stress. Difficulties in emotion regulation significantly mediated these relations. After accounting for the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation, burden still had an impact on quality of life, depression, anxiety and stress. Women showed a higher level in both burden and stress than men. The caregivers with secondary and higher studies showed higher levels in burden than those with no studies. Not significant differences in burden, emotion regulation, depression, anxiety and stress were found related to marital status.ConclusionDifficulties in emotion regulation mediate the relations between burden and quality of life, depression, anxiety, and stress. Family members could engage in group interventions designed specifically for family members of people with BPD, oriented toward understanding the disorder or learning skills.
Successful restoration of failed Achilles tendon surgery with semitendinosus and gracilis tendon graft: a case report
Authors: Hung Yu-Tun , Alizargar Elaheh , Alizargar Javad , Hung Kun-Chin , Chen Chien-Min , Pan Ru-Yu 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThis case presentation aims to highlight the challenges and outcomes associated with a partial tear of the Achilles tendon (AT) in an elite marathon runner. The objective was to restore tendon anatomy and optimize strength recovery through surgical intervention.MethodWe present the case of a marathon runner who suffered a partial AT tear and underwent an initial surgery that failed. A revision surgery was then performed using a semitendinosus and gracilis tendon graft.ResultsThe patient underwent surgery 14 weeks after the initial AT injury, but unfortunately experienced a complete AT tear after 6 months. However, the novel aspect of this case is the successful restoration of the failed double-row suture technique through the utilization of a semitendinosus and gracilis tendon graft. Notably, the graft remained intact even under high tendon loading during the 2-year follow-up period.ConclusionDifferential diagnosis should consider partial tears of the AT as a possible diagnosis in the patients with heel pain. Furthermore, it is crucial to prioritize a well-paced post-surgical rehabilitation process in AT surgeries. In cases of failed AT surgery, the utilization of gracilis and semitendinosus tendon grafts can serve as viable options for repairing reruptures.
Binary mixtures of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam do not appear to cause additive toxicity in fathead minnow larvae (Pimephales promelas)
Authors: Jeninga Anya J. , Kooij Nicole , Harrahy Elisabeth , King-Heiden Tisha C. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Considerable use of neonicotinoid insecticides has resulted in their detection in surface waters globally, with imidacloprid (IM) and thiamethoxam (TM) frequently found together. Neonicotinoids are selective agonists for invertebrate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) leading to paralysis and death. While not overtly toxic to vertebrates, growing evidence suggests that chronic exposure to individual neonicotinoids can cause adverse health effects in fish. This work examined whether chronic exposure to binary mixtures of imidacloprid (IM) and thiamethoxam (TM) would be more toxic to fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) larvae than either insecticide alone.Materials and Methods: Embryos were exposed to a 1:1 mixture of IM and TM (0.2, 2, 20, 200 or 2,000 μg/L of each pesticide) or a 1:5, 1:10, or 1:20 mixture of IM and TM (0.02 μg/L of IM with 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 μg/L of TM) for a total of 8 days. Survival, developmental toxicity, embryonic motor activity, and startle escape responses were quantified.Results: Survival and growth were reduced, and hatching induced by exposure to a 1:1 mixture containing &gt; 2 μg/L of each insecticide, but not following exposure to mixtures containing environmentally-relevant concentrations. Acute exposure to a 1:1 mixture did not alter embryonic motor activity; however, chronic exposure to these mixtures resulted in a slight but significant decrease in embryonic movements. Only 1:1 mixtures of high concentrations of IM and TM altered the startle escape response by increasing latency of response; however, a significant proportion of fish exposed to 1:1 mixtures had altered latency and burst speed. Taken together, these behavioral indicators of nAChR activation suggest that in mixtures, neonicotinoids could interfere with nAChR signaling despite their low affinity for the nAChR.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that toxicity of binary mixtures of IM and TM is primarily driven by IM, and that mixtures of IM with TM do not appear to cause significant additive toxicity when compared with our previous studies evaluating each neonicotinoid alone. Given the limited toxicological data available for mixtures of neonicotinoid insecticides in fish, further study is required to better understand the ecological risks these insecticides may pose to aquatic ecosystems.
Life-Long Experience with Male Mating Tactics Shapes Spatial Cognition and Coercion Evasion in Female Swordtails
Authors: Queller Philip S. , Adams Elena R. M. , Cummings Molly E. 
Published: November 2023

Social experiences can shape adult behavior and cognition. Here, we use El Abra swordtails (Xiphophorus nigrensis) to assess how life-long experience with different male mating tactics shapes coercion evasion ability and female spatial cognition. We raised females from birth to adulthood in environments that varied by male mating tactic: coercers only, courtship displayers only, coercers and displayers together, mixed-strategists, and female only. In adulthood, we tested females’ behavioral responses to a coercive male and spatial cognition in a maze. Females reared with only displayers were significantly worse at distancing themselves from the coercive male than females raised with coercers and displayers and females raised with only coercers. Females raised with a single mating tactic (either courtship display or coercion) exhibited significantly higher accuracy in the spatial maze than females from other rearing groups, and showed significant reduction in total errors (courtship display group) or latency to reward (coercion group) over successive trials. These more predictable environments (one tactic), and not the more complex environments (two tactics), showed evidence for spatial learning. The results are discussed in light of the existing literature on two components of environmental change (environmental predictability and the certainty with which cues predict the best behavioral response) and their effect on the development of cognitive abilities.
Cobalt and Titanium Alleviate the Methylglyoxal-Induced Oxidative Stress in Pennisetum divisum Seedlings under Saline Conditions
Authors: Alhammad Bushra Ahmed , Saleem Khansa , Asghar Muhammad Ahsan , Raza Ali , Ullah Abd , Farooq Taimoor Hassan , Yong Jean W. H. , Xu Fei , Seleiman Mahmoud F. , Riaz Aamir 
Published: November 2023

Salinity is considered to be a global problem and a severe danger to modern agriculture since it negatively impacts plants’ growth and development at both cellular- and whole-plant level. However, cobalt (Co) and titanium (Ti), multifunctional non-essential micro-elements, play a crucial role in improving plant growth and development under salinity stress. In the current study, Co and Ti impact on the morphological, biochemical, nutritional, and metabolic profile of Pennisetum divisum plants under three salinity levels which were assessed. Two concentrations of Co (Co-1; 15.0 mg/L and Co-2; 25.0 mg/L), and two concentrations of Ti (Ti-1; 50.0 mg/L and Ti-2; 100.0 mg/L) were applied as foliar application to the P. divisum plants under salinity (S1; 200 mM, S2; 500 mM, and S3; 1000 mM) stress. The results revealed that various morphological, biochemical, and metabolic processes were drastically impacted by the salinity-induced methylglyoxal (MG) stress. The excessive accumulation of salt ions, including Na+ (1.24- and 1.21-fold), and Cl− (1.53- and 1.15-fold) in leaves and roots of P. divisum, resulted in the higher production of MG (2.77- and 2.95-fold) in leaves and roots under severe (1000 mM) salinity stress, respectively. However, Ti-treated leaves showed a significant reduction in ionic imbalance and MG concentrations, whereas considerable improvement was shown in K+ and Ca2+ under salinity stress, and Co treatment showed downregulation of MG content (26, 16, and 14%) and improved the antioxidant activity, such as a reduction in glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), Glutathione reductase (GR), Glyoxalase I (Gly I), and Glyoxalase II (Gly II) by up to 1.13-, 1.35-, 3.75-, 2.08-, and 1.68-fold under severe salinity stress in P. divisum roots. Furthermore, MG-induced stress negatively impacted the metabolic profile and antioxidants activity of P. divisum’s root and leaves; however, Co and Ti treatment considerably improved the biochemical processes and metabolic profile in both underground and aerial parts of the studied plants. Collectively, the results depicted that Co treatment showed significant results in roots and Ti treatment presented considerable changes in leaves of P. divism under salinity stress.
Phononic-Crystal-Based SAW Magnetic-Field Sensors
Authors: Samadi Mohsen , Schmalz Julius , Meyer Jana Marie , Lofink Fabian , Gerken Martina 
Published: November 2023

In this theoretical study, we explore the enhancement of sensing capabilities in surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based magnetic field sensors through the integration of engineered phononic crystals (PnCs). We particularly focus on amplifying the interaction between the SAW and magnetostrictive materials within the PnC structure. Through comprehensive simulations, we demonstrate the synchronization between the SAWs generated by IDTs and the resonant modes of PnCs, thereby leading to an enhancement in sensitivity. Furthermore, we investigate the ΔE effect, highlighting the sensor’s responsiveness to changes in external magnetic fields, and quantify its magnetic sensitivity through observable changes in the SAW phase velocity leading to phase shifts at the end of the delay line. Notably, our approach yields a magnetic field sensitivity of approximately S~138 °mT for a delay line length of only 77 µm in homogeneous magnetic fields. Our findings underline the potential of PnCs to advance magnetic field sensing. This research offers insights into the integration of engineered materials for improved sensor performance, paving the way for more effective and accurate magnetic field detection solutions.
A Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Profile of Heat Shock Transcription Factor (Hsf) Gene Family in Rhododendron simsii
Authors: Xu Yanan , Jin Ying , He Dan , Di Haochen , Liang Ying , Xu Yanxia 
Published: November 2023

Heat shock transcription factors are key players in a number of transcriptional regulatory pathways that function during plant growth and development. However, their mode of action in Rhododendron simsii is still unclear. In this study, 22 RsHsf genes were identified from genomic data of R. simsii. The 22 genes were randomly distributed on 12 chromosomes, and were divided into three major groups according to their phylogenetic relationships. The structures and conserved motifs were predicted for the 22 genes. Analysis of cis-acting elements revealed stress-responsive and phytohormone-responsive elements in the gene promoter regions, but the types and number varied among the different groups of genes. Transcriptional profile analyses revealed that RsHsfs were expressed in a tissue-specific manner, with particularly high transcript levels in the roots. The transcriptional profiles under abiotic stress were detected by qRT-PCR, and the results further validated the critical function of RsHsfs. This study provides basic information about RsHsf family in R. simsii, and paves the way for further research to clarify their precise roles and to breed new stress-tolerant varieties.
Assessing Biodegradation Processes of Atrazine in Constructed Wetland Using Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis
Authors: Chen Songsong , Wang Yuncai , Ma Limin 
Published: November 2023

To bridge the gap between lab-scale microcosm research and field application in the compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of atrazine, we studied the characteristics of carbon and nitrogen isotope fractionation in the atrazine degradation processes within a constructed wetland. In the wetland, we observed multiple element (C, N) isotope fractionation parameters, such as kinetic isotope effects and dual isotope slopes. These parameters are very consistent with those observed in the cultivation of AtzA- or TrzN-harboring strains, suggesting a similarity in the pathway and reaction mechanism of atrazine biodegradation between the two settings. However, we recorded variable carbon (εC: −3.2 ± 0.6‰ to −4.3 ± 0.6‰) and nitrogen isotope fractionation (εN: 1.0 ± 0.3‰ to 2.2 ± 0.3‰) across different phases. This variance could lead to an over- or underestimation of the biodegradation extent of atrazine when employing the large or small enrichment factor of the carbon isotope. Intriguingly, the estimation accuracy improved considerably when using the enrichment factor (−4.6‰) derived from the batch cultivation of the pore water. This study advances the application of CSIA in tracking atrazine biodegradation processes in ecosystems, and it also underlines the importance of the careful selection and application of the enrichment factor in quantifying the intrinsic biodegradation of atrazine in ecosystems.
The Fox from Bajiazui (Qingyang, Central China) and an Update on Early Pleistocene Foxes from China
Authors: Bartolini-Lucenti Saverio , Jiangzuo Qigao , Jiang Hao , Li Zhaoyu , Xie Kun , Madurell-Malapeira Joan 
Published: November 2023

(1) Background: despite the fact that nowadays the genus Vulpes Frisch, 1775, is the most diverse among extant Canidae, its fossil record is utterly scarce, especially in the Asian Pliocene. The sparse nature of this record further complicates the reconstruction of the evolutionary scenario to fit these taxa with extant species. The situation seems to change slightly in the Early Pleistocene when two species are recorded: Vulpes alopecoides (Del Campana, 1913) in Europe and Vulpes chikushanensis, Young, 1930, in Asian localities. Unlike the former, which has an extensive record, the remains of the Chinese V. chikushanensis are sporadic and the validity of the taxon has also been questioned. (2) Methods: the study of the specimens from the Early Pleistocene site of Bajiazui (1.8–1.2 Ma, Qingyang, Gansu) in comparison to an extensive sample of Vulpes spp. The Pliocene–Early Pleistocene is relevant for the delimitation of fossil foxes variability; (3) Results: morphologically and morphometrically, the specimens of Bajiazui fit with the specimens of V. chikushanensis from other Chinese localities of the Early Pleistocene, e.g., Longdan (Gansu) and Huiyu (Fangshang), highlighting some difference with the latest Early Pleistocene forms of Jigushan fox; (4) Conclusions: the revision of the Asian fossil record of Vulpes is crucial in our attempt to understand and reconstruct the evolution of carnivoran guild during the late Early Pleistocene (1.8–0.8 Ma). The fox remains from Bajiazui, although fragmentary, add a valuable piece to our knowledge of V. chikushanensis, a species possibly strongly related to the extant Vulpes corsac (Linnaeus, 1768).
Disease patterns in high-cost individuals with multimorbidity: a retrospective cross-sectional study in primary care
Authors: Soley-Bori Marina , Ashworth Mark , McGreevy Alice , Wang Yanzhong , Durbaba Stevo , Dodhia Hiten , Fox-Rushby Julia 
Published: November 2023

Background‘High-cost’ individuals with multimorbidity account for a disproportionately large share of healthcare costs and are at most risk of poor quality of care and health outcomes.AimTo compare high-cost with lower-cost individuals with multimorbidity and assess whether these populations can be clustered based on similar disease patterns.Design and settingA cross-sectional study based on 2019/2020 electronic medical records from adults registered to primary care practices (n= 41) in a London borough.MethodMultimorbidity is defined as having ≥2 long-term conditions (LTCs). Primary care costs reflected consultations, which were costed based on provider and consultation types. High cost was defined as the top 20% of individuals in the cost distribution. Descriptive analyses identified combinations of 32 LTCs and their contribution to costs. Latent class analysis explored clustering patterns.ResultsOf 386 238 individuals, 101 498 (26%) had multimorbidity. The high-cost group (n= 20 304) incurred 53% of total costs and had 6833 unique disease combinations, about three times the diversity of the lower-cost group (n= 81 194). The trio of anxiety, chronic pain, and depression represented the highest share of costs (5%). High-cost individuals were best grouped into five clusters, but no cluster was dominated by a single LTC combination. In three of five clusters, mental health conditions were the most prevalent.ConclusionHigh-cost individuals with multimorbidity have extensive heterogeneity in LTCs, with no single LTC combination dominating their primary care costs. The frequent presence of mental health conditions in this population supports the need to enhance coordination of mental and physical health care to improve outcomes and reduce costs.