bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term effect of latanoprost and timolol eye drops on tear fluid and the ocular surface in patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension
Authors: Thygesen J. , Aaen K. , Theodorsen F. , Kessing S. V. , Prause J. U. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To investigate and compare the short term effects of topical latanoprost and timolol on the tear fluid and ocular surface condition in patients with bilateral primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.Methods: Thirty‐seven patients were included in this randomized, double‐masked, parallel group study. Patients received either latanoprost 0.005% (n=18) or timolol 0.5% (n=19) instilled once daily in the morning for a treatment period of 27 days. Routine ophthalmic examinations, including intraocular pressure measurement, as well as tests to evaluate tear fluid and the ocular surface were performed.Results: After one drop of medication, tear secretion was significantly reduced by timolol, but not by latanoprost. At the end of the study the break‐up time (BUT) was significantly decreased in the timolol group but not in the latanoprost group. The BUT still remained in the normal range in both groups, although it is important to note that timolol was administered at half the clinical dose. Both latanoprost and timolol tended to increase Rose‐Bengal staining of the cornea and conjunctiva after one month of treatment but no statistically significant difference was found between the groups. Corneal sensitivity was within the normal range for all patients during the study.Conclusion: Regarding ocular surface effects, no clinically important differences between latanoprost and timolol were observed as all the effects remained in the normal range.
Comparison of endothelial cell density estimated by contact and non‐contact specular microscopy
Authors: Isager Peter , Hjortdal Jesper Ø. , Guo Suping , Ehlers Niels 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To compare a contact and a non‐contact specular microscope in the determination of endothelial cell density.Subjects and methods: One hundred and twenty‐one eyes from 70 patients who had undergone various degrees of photorefractive keratectomy for myopia were included. The endothelium was imaged by contact (Konan Clinical Specular Microscope) and non‐contact (Topcon SP‐1000) specular microscopy and the endothelial cell density estimated.Results: The average endothelial cell density achieved by the contact specular microscope was 3011±298 cells/mm
2 (mean±SD, n=121) and by the non‐contact specular microscope 3015±265 cells/mm
2 (n=121). The difference in endothelial cell density between the contact and the non‐contact specular microscope (contact minus non‐contact) was −4±175 cells/mm2 (t=0.26, 2p>0.05 in a paired t‐test). The sampling error on the estimated endothelial cell density was 76 cells/mm2 for the contact specular microscope and 74 cells/mm2 for the non‐contact specular microscope.Conclusion: The average endothelial cell density and the precision of the measuring technique were similar for the contact and the non‐contact specular microscope. Furthermore, the endothelial cell densities estimated by the two instruments at various values of anterior central corneal refractive power and central corneal thickness were similar. The two instruments can be used interchangeably.
Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada syndrome in a pregnant patient treated with high‐dose systemic corticosteroids
Authors: Doi Motoaki , Matsubara Hisashi , Uji Yukitaka 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada (VKH) syndrome is usually treated with high‐dose systemic corticosteroids. However, in a pregnant patient with VKH syndrome, the effects of high‐dose corticosteroids on the fetus are controversial. We discuss treating VKH syndrome during pregnancy, systemic corticosteroids, and abnormalities in the delivered infant.Methods: Case report and literature review.Results: A 26‐year‐old Japanese woman in the 16th week of gestation was diagnosed with VKH syndrome and treated with high‐dose systemic prednisolone after the 18th week of gestation. Although the patient's ocular findings gradually improved, a low‐birth‐weight infant was delivered with epibulbar dermoid, lipodermoids, and preauricular appendages. Although low birth weight might result from systemic prednisolone administration, the anomalies of the infant may have been inherited rather than caused by VKH syndrome and high‐dose systemic corticosteroid administration.Conclusion: In this case and previously reported cases, VKH syndrome and systemic corticosteroids administered during pregnancy may not precipitate abortion and congenital malformation.
Malignant changes in a giant orbital keratoacanthoma developing over 25 years
Authors: Alyahya Ghassan A. , Heegaard Steffen , Prause Jan Ulrik 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To report a patient with a history over 25 years of a slowly growing, large, invasive crateriform tumour filling the anterior part of the orbit.Methods: A 61‐year‐old male presented with a large tumour of the left orbit. Exenteration was performed with subsequent histological analysis of the excised mass.Results: The main tumour showed the characteristic features of a keratoacanthoma. However, the posterior aspect of the tumour disclosed the morphology of a squamous cell carcinoma. Six months later, the patient presented with metastases to lymph nodes, lung and mediastinal tissue. A leukemoid reaction was diagnosed by fine needle biopsy.Conclusion: The giant variety of keratoacanthoma may fail to regress and can transform into a squamous cell carcinoma. In our patient, the development of a chronic lymphoid leukemia raises the possibility that it may be the underlying cause for the transformation of the posterior part of the keratoacanthoma into a frank squamous cell carcinoma.
Retinopathy of prematurity, a decrease in frequency and severity. Trends over 16 years in a Danish county
Authors: Fledelius Hans C. , Dahl Helena 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To analyse the trends over 16 years (1982–97) in a Danish county regarding the clinical appearance of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).Methods: The data for birth years 1993–97 regarding the regular ophthalmic surveillance for ROP in the region have been analysed. With gestational age (GA) 32 weeks and/or a birthweight (BW) 1750 g as attempted screening limits a total of 177 premature infants were surveyed. Comparison was made with studies of a similar set‐up from the preceding four 3‐year periods comprising a total of 814 subjects.Results: The number of survivors regarded at a higher risk of developing ROP (GA and BW both <32 weeks/1750 g, n=478) showed an even increase over the five investigation periods. The ROP frequency, however, fell from a level of 39% to 10%, there were fewer with severe sequels to ROP, and the children surveyed ‘above limits’ eventually avoided ROP.Conclusions: Using the ROP profile as a yardstick for the quality of the neonatal service given to the most immature newborns over the period 1982–97, the risk limits regarding GA and BW have gone down. More and more of the heavier preterm babies now escape ROP. A significant decrease in frequency of ROP in the more immature groups has been observed, and fewer cases have progressed to visual impairment.
Choroideremia associated with subretinal neovascular membrane
Authors: Endo Keiko , Yuzawa Mitsuko , Ohba Norio 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To report two Japanese patients with choroideremia, one male and one heterozygous female, who developed subretinal neovascular membrane and/or subretinal fibrosis in the intermediate stage of the disease, and, in addition, to describe marked clinical manifestation in a heterozygous carrier female.Method: Two patients were examined by slip‐lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy and other ophthalmoloscopic examinations.Results: Two cases showed moderately advanced ophthalmoscopic and functional abnormalitities compatible with choroideremia, and in addition, subretinal lesion in the fovea and/or midperiphery.Conclusion: The intermediate stage of choroideremia may occasionally be complicated with choroidal neovascular membrane in the fovea, the midperiphery, or both, which resolves spontaneously and results in subretinal fibrous scarring. The occurrence of this complication in the fovea leads to episodic central visual loss, while midperipheral lesion may remain unrecognized.
Ocular findings in Fryns syndrome
Authors: Cursiefen Claus , Schlötzer‐Schrehardt Ursula , Holbach Leonard M. , Vieth Michael , Kuchelmeister Klaus , Stolte Manfred 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To demonstrate the ocular histopathologic findings in Fryns syndrome, a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome, with characteristic features including Dandy‐Walker malformation, cleft palate, diaphragmatic hernia, lung hypoplasia, distal limb anomalies and polyhydramnios. The prevalence is about 0.7 per 10,000 births. Reported ocular features include microphthalmus, “cloudy cornea”, irregularities of Bowman's layer, thickened posterior lens capsule and retinal dysplasia.Methods: Case report. The ocular histopathologic and ultrastructural findings in a male fetus with Fryns syndrome who died immediately after his birth at 26th week of gestation are shown.Results: An abnormal Descemet's membrane was found in addition to “cloudy corneae”. Electron microscopy demonstrated absence of the banded collagen fibrils in Descemet's membrane, indicating corneal endothelial dysfunction. Otherwise, the eye was morphologically normal for its age; none of the other reported ocular features of Fryns syndrome were found.Conclusion: Corneal endothelial dysfunction might cause abnormal composition of anterior Descemet's membrane and could contribute to the “cloudy cornea” known to occur in Fryns syndrome.
Safety and Efficacy Comparison of Emedastine 0.05% Ophthalmic Solution Compared to Levocabastine 0.05% Ophthalmic Suspension in Pediatric Subjects with Allergic Conjunctivitis
Authors: Secchi A. , Ciprandi G. , Leonardi A. , Deschenes J. , Abelson M. B. ,   the Emadine Study Group
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To determine the efficacy and tolerance of emedastine 0.05% ophthalmic solution compared to levocabastine 0.05% ophthalmic suspension in pediatric subjects.Methods and Materials: In a randomized, double‐masked, parallel controlled study, emedastine 0.05% ophthalmic solution BID was compared to levocabastine 0.05% ophthalmic suspension BID, for control of the signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis in pediatric subjects ages 3–16. Subjects who met all inclusion and exclusion criteria received masked study medication with instructions to instill drops twice daily, in the morning and evening. A diary was completed by the parents four times daily for the first two and last two weeks of the study. Treatment lasted 42 days. Drug efficacy was assessed at the initial administration in the office at Day 0 and after 3, 7, 14, 30 and 42 days.Results: Overall results showed both drugs have an effect and that emedastine was significantly superior (p<0.05) to levocabastine for the relief of chemosis on Days 14, 30 and 42; of itching on follow‐up Days 30 and 42 (p<0.05); of redness on Days 30 and 42; for eyelid swelling on Days 14 and 30; and for physician's impression score on Days 7, 14, 30 and 42.Conclusion: These results confirm previous preclinical and clinical data on the potent and long acting efficacy of this promising new ophthalmic anti‐allergic drug, emedastine in pediatric subjects.
Ocular Allergies: Association with Immune Dermatitis
Authors: Calonge Margarita 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To describe the type of skin involvement that patients with ocular allergies are prone to suffer due to the atopic association of the condition.Methods: Review of the published literature and retrospective data from our patient series.Results: Patients with ocular allergies may have skin affected with one or several combinations of the following dermatologic problems: contact dermatitis, urticaria/angioedema, and atopic dermatitis, with secondary infections as a possible consequence of this later disorder. Other rare skin disorders have been occasionally reported in association with ocular atopy.Conclusion: Patients with ocular allergies may have a spectrum of ‘allergic’ skin problems, the most severe of which is atopic dermatitis. Ocular surface involvement in atopic dermatitis should be diagnosed as atopic keratoconjunctivitis, a sight‐threatening disorder, until proven otherwise.
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia should not be confused with Kimura’s disease
Authors: Seregard Stefan 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To emphasize the differences between angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) and Kimura’s disease (KD), two entities often confused in the ophthalmic literature.Methods: Case report of a subcutaneous mass in the periocular region of a 45‐year old woman and a MEDLINE review of the ophthalmic and non‐ophthalmic literature on ALHE and KD.Results: The clinical and histopathological findings of the present case were consistent with ALHE, but not with KD. A survey of the current ophthalmic literature indicates that these two designations are still often used synonymously, despite that non‐ophthalmic papers now separate ALHE from KD.Conclusion: The clinical and histopathological features of ALHE are most often distinctly different from KD and these entities should be clearly separated in the ophthalmic literature.
A murine cell culture model for post‐trabeculectomy anfibrotic treatment: Induction of apoptosis by Cyclosporin
Authors: Cristofanilli M. , Pescosolido N. , Risuleo G. , Scarsella G. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: Experimental trials aimed at the research of selective antifibrotic agents are under development for the alternative treatment of glaucoma patients who are usually considered high‐risk post‐surgical individuals after trabeculectomy. Authors present here an in vitro model system for the treatment of post‐trabeculectomy patients. The study is aimed at the evaluation of different drugs in a mouse fibroblast model.Methods: The antifibrotic activity of Cyclosporin A, Interferon 2α, 5‐Fluorouracyl was investigated on 3T6 cells in culture. Cell viability and proliferation was assessed after drug treatment. Molecular analysis of DNA degradation was evaluated by means of radioactive labeling and gel electrophoresis.Results: The three drugs were shown to affect cell proliferation and viability in a differential fashion. However, only Cyclosporin A was able to control cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis. This phenomenon was reduced by supplementation of trolox, a compound known to inhibit programmed cell death. These results strongly suggest that this model system might be useful as a test of pharmacological functionality.Conclusion: A rapid and efficient model system is described for the assessment of cell viability and proliferation after treatment with agents of potential pharmacological use. Cyclosporin A induces a significant apoptosis. This is important for the negative control of fibrotic degeneration in post‐trabeculectomy that is required for successful surgery in glaucoma patients. Therefore, Cyclosporin A might become a clinically interesting drug for the antifibrotic treatment of post‐trabeculectomy.
Cyclodextrins in eye drop formulations: enhanced topical delivery of corticosteroids to the eye
Authors: Loftsson Thorsteinn , Stefánsson Einar 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Cyclodextrins are cylindrical oligosaccharides with a lipophilic central cavity and hydrophilic outer surface. They can form water‐soluble complexes with lipophilic drugs, which ‘hide’ in the cavity. Cyclodextrins can be used to form aqueous eye drop solutions with lipophilic drugs, such as steroids and some carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. The cyclodextrins increase the water solubility of the drug, enhance drug absorption into the eye, improve aqueous stability and reduce local irritation.Cyclodextrins are useful excipients in eye drop formulations of various drugs, including steroids of any kind, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, pilocarpine, cyclosporins, etc. Their use in ophthalmology has already begun and is likely to expand the selection of drugs available as eye drops.In this paper we review the properties of cyclodextrins and their application in eye drop formulations, of which their use in the formulation of dexamethasone eye drops is an example. Cyclodextrins have been used to formulate eye drops containing corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone, with levels of concentration and ocular absorption which, according to human and animal studies, are many times those seen with presently available formulations. Cyclodextrin‐based dexamethasone eye drops are well tolerated in the eye and seem to provide a higher degree of bioavailability and clinical efficiency than the steroid eye drop formulations presently available. Such formulations offer the possibility of once per day application of corticosteroid eye drops after eye surgery, and more intensive topical steroid treatment in severe inflammation.While cyclodextrins have been known for more than a century, their use in ophthalmology is just starting. Cyclodextrins are useful excipients in eye drop formulations for a variety of lipophilic drugs. They will facilitate eye drop formulations for drugs that otherwise might not be available for topical use, while improving absorption and stability and decreasing local irritation.
Outcome of vitrectomy in patients with Terson syndrome
Authors: Ritland Jan Ståle , Syrdalen Per , Eide Nils , Vatne Harald O. , Øvergaard Ralf 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To report findings and evaluate the results of vitrectomy in 22 eyes with Terson syndrome.Methods:  We reviewed retrospectively the records of patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy as a result of vitreous haemorrhage. Twelve cases concerned unilateral vitrectomy and five concerned bilateral vitrectomy. The time interval between intracranial haemorrhage and vitrectomy was 1–10 months (mean 5.9 months).Results:  During a mean follow‐up of 23.3 months (range 1–69 months) visual acuity (VA) improved in 21 of 22 eyes. Preoperative VA was ≤ 0.1 in 20 of 22 eyes, while postoperative VA was ≥ 0.5 in 16 of 21 eyes. Poor visual outcomes were mainly caused by retinal detachments (seven eyes, in which three were caused by proliferative vitreoretinopathy), epiretinal membranes (seven eyes) and optic atrophy (one eye). Our study concurs with recent reports suggesting early vitrectomy in bilateral cases and in cases where ultrasonography shows epiretinal membrane or proliferative retinopathy formation.
Accidental mydriasis from exposure to Angel's trumpet (Datura suaveolens)
Authors: Havelius Ulf , Åsman Peter 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To report clinical findings after accidental instillation into the eye of sap from Angel's trumpet (Datura suaveolens).Methods:  We report findings on seven patients who developed sudden onset of unilateral mydriasis. At least three of them also had ipsilateral cycloplegia and one developed transient tachycardia.Results:  The symptoms evolved after ocular exposure to sap from Angel's trumpet, a plant containing natural alkaloids with parasympatholytic properties. Six patients were initially unaware of the cause of their symptoms. In these cases, patient history revealed recent contact with Angel's trumpet.Conclusion:  Accidental ocular instillation of sap from Angel's trumpet should be noted as a cause of sudden onset of mydriasis in otherwise unaffected patients and also of general symptoms like tachycardia.
A comparison of the effects on intraocular pressure of latanoprost 0.005% and the fixed combination of dorzolamide 2% and timolol 0.5% in patients with open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: Honrubia F. M. , Larsson L. I. , Spiegel D. ,   the European Latanoprost Study Group
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To compare the effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) of latanoprost 0.005% and the fixed combination of dorzolamide 2% and timolol 0.5%.Methods:  Overall, 226 patients whose IOP was insufficiently controlled by timolol alone were randomized to receive either latanoprost once daily or the fixed combination of dorzolamide plus timolol twice daily. Intraocular pressure was measured at 10 : 00 am and 5 : 00 pm at baseline and after 3 months of treatment.Results:  Mean IOP was reduced from baseline in both groups (p < 0.001), with a mean ± SEM reduction of − 4.3 ± 0.3 mmHg (19%) for the latanoprost treatment group and − 4.0 ± 0.3 mmHg (17%) for the dorzolamide plus timolol treatment group. The two therapies were similarly effective in lowering IOP levels (mean difference in reduction: − 0.4 ± 0.4; 95% confidence interval: − 1.1, 0.4).Conclusions:  Monotherapy with latanoprost once daily was as effective in reducing mean IOP as the fixed combination of dorzolamide plus timolol twice daily in patients with IOP insufficiently controlled by timolol alone.
Stain, plaque and gingivitis reduction by combining chlorhexidine and peroxyborate
Authors: Gründemann L. J. M. M. , Timmerman M. F. , Ijzerman Y. , Van Der Velden U. , Van Der Weijden G. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Previous studies have shown that using an oxidising agent in addition to chlorhexidine reduces staining.Aim:The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether, compared to chlorhexidine alone, the use of an oxidising mouthrinse as an adjunct to chlorhexidine is efficacious in reducing stain, plaque and gingivitis.Method: This study had a single‐blind, 2‐group parallel design, including a 14‐day experimental non‐brushing period during which 1 group (n=14) used chlorhexidine alone (CHX) (chlorhexidine mouthrinse, 0.12% Oral‐B® laboratories, Ireland), and the other (n=14) used chlorhexidine in combination with an oxidising agent (sodiumperborate‐monohydrate‐Bocasan®, Oral‐B laboratories, Ireland). Patients were randomly assigned to either group. All participants received a scaling and polishing before the start of the trial. No oral hygiene instructions were given. Since, at the start of the experiment, all stain and plaque were removed, only the gingival condition was evaluated at baseline by means of bleeding on marginal probing. The examination after 14 days of rinsing included the evaluation of plaque, bleeding on marginal probing and stain (GMSI: gingival modification of the stain index).Results: The results showed at day 14, a significant difference between the 2 groups for plaque (CHX: 0.18, CHX+PER: 0.08, p=0.03) and gingival bleeding (CHX: 0.38, CHX+PER: 0.21, p<0.001). The proportion of stained surfaces was less in the CHX+PER group (28%), than in the chlorhexidine group (48%) (p=0.04).Conclusions: In conclusion, the adjunctive use of an oxidising agent peroxyborate to chlorhexidine, proved to be superior to chlorhexidine alone with regard to the inhibition of plaque and development of gingivitis. In addition, the proportion of stained surfaces was significantly less when adding the oxidising mouthrinse to chlorhexidine.