bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group prenatal care for pregnant women with opioid use disorder: Preliminary evidence for acceptability and benefits compared with individual prenatal care
Authors: Short Vanessa L. , Hand Dennis J. , Mancuso Francesca , Raju Amulya , Sinnott Jacqueline , Caldarone Lindsay , Rosenthall Emily , Liveright Elizabeth , Abatemarco Diane J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe effectiveness of group prenatal care (G‐PNC) compared with individual prenatal care (I‐PNC) for women with opioid use disorder (OUD) is unknown. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the acceptability of co‐locating G‐PNC at an opioid treatment program and (2) describe the maternal and infant characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women in treatment for OUD who participated in G‐PNC and those who did not.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 71 women (G‐PNC n = 15; I‐PNC n = 56) who were receiving treatment for OUD from one center and who delivered in 2019. Acceptability was determined by assessing the representativeness of the G‐PNC cohorts, examining attendance at sessions, and using responses to a survey completed by G‐PNC participants. The receipt of health services and healthcare use, behaviors, and infant health between those who participated in G‐PNC and those who received I‐PNC were described.ResultsG‐PNC was successfully implemented among women with varying backgrounds (e.g., racial, ethnic, marital status) who self‐selected into the group. All G‐PNC participants reported that they were satisfied to very satisfied with the program. Increased rates of breastfeeding initiation, breastfeeding at hospital discharge, receipt of the Tdap vaccine, and postpartum visit attendance at 1–2 weeks and 4–8 weeks were observed in the G‐PNC group compared with the I‐PNC group. Fewer G‐PNC reported postpartum depression symptomatology.ConclusionFindings suggest that co‐located G‐PNC at an opioid treatment program is an acceptable model for pregnant women in treatment for OUD and may result in improved outcomes.
Normal birth rates before and after the merging of mixed‐risk and low‐risk maternity wards in Iceland: A retrospective cohort study on the impact of inter‐professional preventative measures
Authors: Hálfdánsdóttir Berglind , Pálsdóttir Sigurveig Ósk , Ólafsdóttir Ólöf Ásta , Swift Emma Marie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn 2014, the National University Hospital of Iceland (NUHI) merged a mixed‐risk birth unit and a midwifery‐led low‐risk unit into one mixed‐risk unit. Interprofessional preventative and mitigating measures were implemented since there was a known threat of cultural contamination between mixed‐risk and low‐risk birth environments. The aim of the study was to assess whether the NUHI's goal of protecting the rates of birth without intervention had been achieved and to support further development of labor services.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of all women who had singleton births at NUHI birth units in two 2‐year periods, 2012–2013 and 2015–2016. The primary outcome variables, birth without intervention, with or without artificial rupture of membranes (AROM), were adjusted for confounding variables using logistic regression analysis. Secondary outcome variables (individual interventions and maternal and neonatal complications) were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t test, and Chi‐square test.ResultsThe rate of births without interventions, both with and without AROM, increased significantly after the unit merger and accompanying preventative measures. The rates of AROM, oxytocin augmentation, episiotomies, and epidural analgesia decreased significantly. The rate of induction increased significantly. There were no significant differences in maternal or neonatal complication rates.ConclusionsInterprofessional preventative measures, implemented alongside a mixed‐risk and low‐risk birth unit merger, can increase rates of births without interventions in a mixed‐risk hospital setting. However, it is necessary to maintain awareness of the possible effects of a mixed‐risk birth environment on the use of childbirth interventions and examine the long‐term effects of preventative measures.
Do outside options drive wage inequalities in retained jobs? Evidence from a natural experiment
Authors: Lukesch Veronika , Zwick Thomas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe provide evidence that suggests that a reduction in outside wage options reduces wage increases in retained jobs. We use the natural experiment of a reform that reduced outside wage options for employees in deregulated crafts occupations in comparison to employees in not reformed crafts occupations. To avoid estimation biases from general reform effects on wages, we concentrate on employees active in crafts occupations who worked for employers in the industry and commerce sectors and exclude employees in the crafts sector. Four years after the reform, the wages of treated employees in deregulated crafts were 5 per cent lower than wages of employees in not reformed occupations (control group). The reform, therefore, led to wage differentiation between comparable employees. The wage effects are concentrated in employers with high general wage increases after the reform and they can be found even at individual employers.
Displacement through the Commons: Community and Spatial Order in Bangkok
Authors: Shelby Hayden , Renwick Trude 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the relationship of discourses around community to larger urban processes of development and displacement in Bangkok, Thailand. It focuses on two sites located along a major commercial corridor. The first, undergoing a process of relocation that involves establishing collective land tenure, goes by the Thai term for community, chumchon, though architects and planners frequently refer to it as a “slum.” The second site, an upscale “community mall” called the Commons, is a newly constructed open‐air commercial space built to serve Bangkok's young, hip creative class. The eviction of the poor chumchon residents in favor of wealthy café‐goers may look like a prime example of larger structural forces of what is often called “gentrification” or “accumulation by dispossession.” However, these sweeping narratives around global capitalist processes miss critical aspects of how the discursive construction of community around these two sites has enabled their physical construction and deconstruction. We demonstrate that rhetorics, imagery, and practices of community serve to valorize the existence of one site while justifying the removal of the other. This analysis demonstrates this outcome was not just the inevitable result of impersonal structural forces. It was displacement through the commons, fueled by discourses around community.
Clinical utility of trans‐sacral magnetic stimulation‐evoked sphincter potentials and high‐density electromyography in pelvic floor assessment: Technical evaluation
Authors: Varghese Chris , Harvey Xavier , Gharibans Armen A. , Du Peng , Collinson Rowan , Bissett Ian P. , Stinear Cathy M. , O'Grady Greg , Paskaranandavadivel Niranchan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimFaecal incontinence is common and of multifactorial aetiologies, yet current diagnostic tools are unable to assess nerve and sphincter function objectively. We developed an anorectal high‐density electromyography (HD‐EMG) probe to evaluate motor‐evoked potentials induced via trans‐sacral magnetic stimulation (TSMS).MethodAnorectal probes with an 8 × 8 array of electrodes spaced 1 cm apart were developed for recording HD‐EMG of the external anal sphincter. These HD‐EMG probes were used to map MEP amplitudes and latencies evoked via TSMS delivered through the Magstim Rapid2 (MagStim Company). Patients undergoing pelvic floor investigations were recruited for this IDEAL Stage 2a pilot study.ResultsEight participants (median age 49 years; five female) were recruited. Methodological viability, safety and diagnostic workflow were established. The test was well tolerated with median discomfort scores ≤2.5/10, median pain scores ≤1/10 and no adverse events. Higher Faecal Incontinence Severity Index scores correlated with longer MEP latencies (r = 0.58, p < 0.001) and lower MEP amplitudes (r = −0.32, p = 0.046), as did St. Mark's Incontinence Scores with both MEP latencies (r = 0.49, p = 0.001) and MEP amplitudes (r = −0.47, p = 0.002).ConclusionThis HD‐EMG probe in conjunction with TSMS presents a novel diagnostic tool for anorectal function assessment. Spatiotemporal assessment of magnetically stimulated MEPs correlated well with symptoms and offers a feasible, safe and patient‐tolerable method of evaluating pudendal nerve and external anal sphincter function. Further clinical development and evaluation of these techniques is justified.
Australian dental school academics' perceptions of gerodontology education in the undergraduate curriculum
Authors: Nilsson Angie , Young Louise , Evans Rebecca , Jennings Ernest , Lee Andrew 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionAustralia's rapidly growing population of dentate, frail, care‐dependent older people require graduates skilled in managing the health needs of this patient group. The perceptions of academics teaching gerodontology may inform future dental curricula recommendations. This study explored the perceptions of gerodontology education amongst Australian dental school academics.Materials and MethodsAll nine Australian dental schools providing entry‐to‐practice dentistry programs were invited to participate in semi‐structured interviews. Academics from six dentistry programs took part, and the data were analysed using a thematic approach.ResultsThe three main themes identified from interviews included ‘clinical exposure’, ‘organisational levers’, and ‘sociological barriers’. The attitudes of students, as well as society and health professionals, were seen as strongly influential in preparing the workforce for managing the oral health of older people. The themes inter‐linked with a knock‐on effect where societal attitudes and organisational levers impact on the ability to successfully support students' preparation for gerodontology practice. Limited resources were barriers to achieving ideal learning and teaching and continued upon graduation as oral health care for older people was perceived as undervalued and under‐resourced.ConclusionThere has been a continued cycle of failure in healthcare schemes and advocacy for the improvement of oral health for older people which has contributed to the inadequate preparation of dental graduates for managing frail and care‐dependent older people. Organisational, societal, and political change is needed to support the education of dental students in this area to ensure graduate dentists are competent to manage the oral care needs of this growing population.
Mental health outcomes of encephalitis: An international web‐based study
Authors: Butler Matt , Abdat Yasmin , Zandi Michael , Michael Benedict D. , Coutinho Ester , Nicholson Timothy R. , Easton Ava , Pollak Thomas A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeAcute encephalitis is associated with psychiatric symptoms. Despite this, the extent of mental health problems following encephalitis has not been systematically reported.MethodsWe recruited adults who had been diagnosed with encephalitis of any aetiology to complete a web‐based questionnaire.ResultsIn total, 445 respondents from 31 countries (55.1% UK, 23.1% USA) responded. Infectious encephalitis constituted 65.4% of cases, autoimmune 29.7%. Mean age was 50.1 years, 65.8% were female, and median time since encephalitis diagnosis was 7 years. The most common self‐reported psychiatric symptoms were anxiety (75.2%), sleep problems (64.4%), mood problems (62.2%), and unexpected crying (35.2%). Self‐reported psychiatric diagnoses were common: anxiety (44.0%), depression (38.6%), panic disorder (15.7%), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 21.3%). Severe mental illnesses such as psychosis (3.3%) and bipolar affective disorder (3.1%) were reported. Self‐reported diagnosis rates were broadly consistent with results from the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire. Many respondents also reported they had symptoms of anxiety (37.5%), depression (28.1%), PTSD (26.8%), or panic disorder (20.9%) that had not been diagnosed. Rates of psychiatric symptoms did not differ between autoimmune and infectious encephalitis. In total, 37.5% respondents had thought about suicide, and 4.4% had attempted suicide, since their encephalitis diagnosis. More than half of respondents (53.5%) reported they had no, or substandard, access to appropriate mental health care. High rates of sensory hypersensitivities (>75%) suggest a previously unreported association.ConclusionsThis large international survey indicates that psychiatric symptoms following encephalitis are common and that mental health care provision may be inadequate. We highlight a need for proactive psychiatric input.
Effects of engaging fathers and bundling parenting and nutrition interventions on early child development and maternal and paternal parenting in Mara, Tanzania: a factorial cluster‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jeong Joshua , Ahun Marilyn N. , Gunaratna Nilupa S. , Ambikapathi Ramya , Mapendo Frank , Galvin Lauren , Kieffer Mary Pat , Mwanyika‐Sando Mary , Mosha Dominic , O'Malley Savannah Froese , Verissimo Cristiana K. , PrayGod George , Yousafzai Aisha K. 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundMulticomponent interventions are needed to address the various co‐occurring risks that compromise early child nutrition and development. We compared the independent and combined effects of engaging fathers and bundling parenting components into a nutrition intervention on early child development (ECD) and parenting outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a 2×2 factorial cluster‐randomized controlled trial across 80 villages in Mara Region, Tanzania, also known as EFFECTS (Engaging Fathers for Effective Child Nutrition and Development in Tanzania; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03759821). Households with children under 18 months of age residing with their mother and father were enrolled. Villages were randomly assigned to one of five groups: a nutrition intervention for mothers, a nutrition intervention for couples, a bundled nutrition and parenting intervention for mothers, a bundled intervention for couples, and a standard‐of‐care control. Interventions were delivered by trained community health workers through peer groups and home visits over 12 months. Mothers, fathers, and children were assessed at baseline, midline, and endline or postintervention. We used a difference‐in‐difference approach with intention‐to‐treat analysis to estimate intervention effects on ECD (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition) and maternal and paternal parenting and psychosocial well‐being.ResultsBetween October 29, 2018, and May 24, 2019, 960 households were enrolled (n = 192 per arm). Compared to nutrition interventions, bundled interventions improved children's cognitive (β = .18 [95% CI: 0.01, 0.36]) and receptive language development (β = .23 [0.04, 0.41]). There were no differences between interventions for other ECD domains. Compared to nutrition interventions, bundled interventions achieved additional benefits on maternal stimulation (β = .21 [0.04, 0.38]) and availability of home learning materials (β = .25 [0.07–0.43]) and reduced paternal parenting distress (β = −.34 [−0.55, −0.12]). Compared to interventions with mothers only, interventions that engaged fathers improved paternal stimulation (β = .45 [0.27, 0.63]).ConclusionsJointly bundling parenting components into nutrition interventions while also engaging both mothers and fathers is most effective for improving maternal and paternal parenting and ECD outcomes.
Fermented soybean foods and diabetes
Authors: Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Hamaguchi Masahide , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing, and its prevention and management are important. One of the factors contributing to the increased incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is the change in dietary habits, including a Westernized diet. Fermented foods are foods that are transformed by the action of microorganisms to produce beneficial effects in humans and have been consumed for thousands of years. The production and consumption of fermented soy foods, including natto, miso, douchi, cheonggukjang, doenjang, tempeh, and fermented soy milk, are widespread in Asian countries. This review focuses on fermented soybean foods and summarizes their effects on diabetes. Fermentation increases the content of ingredients originally contained in soybeans and adds new ingredients that are not present in the original soybeans. Recent studies have revealed that fermented soybean food modifies the gut microbiota‐related metabolites by modifying dysbiosis. Furthermore, it has been reported that fermented soybean foods have antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐diabetic effects. In recent years, fermented foods, including fermented soybeans, have shown various beneficial effects. Therefore, it is necessary to continue focusing on the benefits and mechanisms of action of fermented foods.
Does increasing auditors' independence lead to more forceful public auditing? A study of a Canadian internal audit reform
Authors: Liston‐Heyes Catherine , Juillet Luc 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe value of auditing as an instrument of accountability depends upon the independence of auditors. However, the extent to which auditors feel free to review the operation, compliance, and performance of public programs and objectively communicate findings to stakeholders has rarely been assessed. A Canadian public service reform in 2006 introduced institutional safeguards to bolster the independence of departmental internal auditors, but left legislative auditors working for the Auditor General's Office (i.e., Canada's Supreme Audit Institution) unaffected. We analyze and compare 2677 audit reports written by internal and legislative auditors before and after the reform. After the reform, the language used by internal auditors became more assertive and evaluative, but not more critical. This suggests that the safeguards had a meaningful impact on how auditors perform their accountability function but that factors other than independence may be driving their willingness to be more adversarial and critical when communicating audit findings.
Frequency of newborn bathing in the first 9 weeks of life and related factors: An observational study in a community‐based sample from Meta‐LARC
Authors: Larson Jean Hiebert , Heinlein Julia , Morris Cynthia , Ramsey Katrina , Michaels LeAnn C. , Vu Annette , Williams Hywel C. , Simpson Eric 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeEnvironmental factors such as bathing may play a role in atopic dermatitis (AD) development. This analysis utilized data from the Community Assessment of Skin Care, Allergies, and Eczema (CASCADE) Trial (NCT03409367), a randomized controlled trial of emollient therapy for AD prevention in the general population, to estimate bathing frequency and associated factors within the first 9 weeks of life.MethodsData were collected from 909 parent/newborn dyads recruited from 25 pediatric and family medicine clinics from the Meta‐network Learning and Research Center (Meta‐LARC) practice‐based research network (PBRN) consortium in Oregon, North Carolina, Colorado, and Wisconsin for the CASCADE trial. Ordinal logistic regression was used to conduct a cross‐sectional analysis of the association between bathing frequency (measured in baths per week) and demographic, medical, and lifestyle information about the infant, their family, and their household. Variables were selected using a backwards‐stepwise method and estimates from the reduced model are reported in the text.ResultsMoisturizer use (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.54–2.68), Hispanic or Latino ethnicity (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.42–2.72), a parental education level lower than a 4‐year college degree (OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.70–3.62), living in North Carolina or Wisconsin (compared to Oregon; OR = 2.12 and 1.47, 95% CI: 1.53–2.93 and 1.04–2.08, respectively), and increasing child age (in days; OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.02) were significantly associated with more frequent bathing, while pet ownership (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.52–0.87) was significantly associated with less frequent bathing.ConclusionsWe found significant ethnic, geographic, and socioeconomic variation in bathing frequency before 9 weeks of age that may be of relevance to AD prevention studies.
Social capital and short food supply chains: Evidence from Fisheries Local Action Groups
Authors: Freeman Richard , Phillipson Jeremy , Gorton Matthew , Tocco Barbara 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFisheries and coastal economies across Europe have witnessed substantial structural changes that have brought about challenges for territorial cohesion and social renewal within the fishing sector. Notably, there has been a disconnect between the industry and local communities, with fisheries largely producing commodities for wide‐ranging and often distant markets. In response, short food supply chains (SFSCs) are often an important element of the local development strategies of Fisheries Local Action Groups (FLAGs), being regarded as a possible mechanism for increasing added value and (re‐)localising the sector to aid territorial development. This article examines the conditions that lead to SFSCs having a higher market share in a FLAG area. Drawing on social capital theory, we employ a novel fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis approach using survey data from FLAG managers from across Europe, in what is a first empirical attempt to apply the method in the context of community‐led local development. The analysis pays particular attention to the three dimensions of social capital—structural, normative‐cognitive and network governance—and finds that while different combinations of social capital can lead to a stronger presence of SFSCs, certain types of social capital are more conducive to SFSCs depending on the nature of territorial factors.
Interspecies encounters with endemic health conditions: Co‐producing BVD and lameness with cows and sheep in the north of England
Authors: Holloway Lewis , Mahon Niamh , Clark Beth , Proctor Amy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article focuses on the relationships between people and farmed nonhuman animals, and between these animals and the farmed environments they encounter, in the enactment of interspecies endemic disease situations. It examines how the nonhuman embodied capacities, agency and subjectivities of cows and sheep on farms in the north of England make a difference to how the endemic conditions of lameness and bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) are encountered and responded to by farmers and advisers. The article draws on empirical research with farmers and their advisers and explores three key, interrelated, themes: first, the importance of intersubjective relationships between people and animals on farms; second, the nonhuman components of the ‘disease situations’ associated with endemic diseases, including animals’ embodied characteristics and behaviours and the relationships between bodies and environments on different farms; and finally the ways in which animal agency and resistance makes a difference to on‐farm interventions aiming to prevent or treat lameness and BVD. The article concludes by arguing that animals’ capacities, and nonhuman difference, should be taken further into account in future policy and practice interventions in endemic disease in farmed animals.