bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) glycoforms in prostate cancer patients seminal plasma
Authors: Mackay Stephen , Oduor Ian O. , Burch Tanya C. , Troyer Dean A. , Semmes Oliver J. , Nyalwidhe Julius O. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionProstate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a US Food and Drug Administration‐approved theranostic target for prostate cancer (PCa). Although PSMA is known to be glycosylated, the composition and functional roles of its N‐linked glycoforms have not been fully characterized.MethodsPSMA was isolated from pooled seminal plasma from low‐risk grade Groups 1 and 2 PCa patients. Intact glycopeptides were analyzed by mass spectrometry to identify site‐specific glycoforms.ResultsWe observed a rich distribution of PSMA glycoforms in seminal plasma from low and low‐intermediate‐risk PCa patients. Some interesting generalities can be drawn based on the predicted topology of PSMA on the plasma membrane. The glycoforms at ASN‐459, ASN‐476, and ASN‐638 residues that are located at the basal domain facing the plasma membrane in cells, are predominantly high mannose glycans. ASN‐76 which is located in the interdomain region adjacent to the apical domain of the protein shows a mixture of high mannose glycans and complex glycans, whereas ASN‐121, ASN‐195 and ASN‐336 that are located and are exposed at the apical domain of the protein predominantly possess complex sialylated and fucosylated N‐linked glycans. These highly accessible glycosites display the greatest diversity in isoforms across the patient samples.ConclusionsOur study provides novel qualitative insights into PSMA glycoforms that are present in the seminal fluid of PCa patients. The presence of a rich diversity of glycoforms in seminal plasma provides untapped potential for glycoprotein biomarker discovery and as a clinical sample for noninvasive diagnostics of male urological disorders and diseases including PCa. Specifically, our glycomics approach will be critical in uncovering PSMA glycoforms with utility in staging and risk stratification of PCa.
Relationship of human cytomegalovirus‐infected endothelial cells and circulating leukocytes in the pathogenesis of disseminated human cytomegalovirus infection: A narrative review
Authors: Gerna Giuseppe , Lilleri Daniele , Fornara Chiara , d’Angelo Piera , Baldanti Fausto 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAmong the leucocyte subpopulations circulating in peripheral blood of immune‐compromised patients with disseminated Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, polymorphonuclear leuckocytes (PMNL) and M/M may carry infectious virus. While only in PMNL early HCMV replicative events do occur, monocytes are susceptible to complete virus replication when they enter human organs, where as macrophages become a site of active complete virus replication. In vivo leucocytes and endothelial cells interact continuously, as suggested by several in vitro experimental findings showing the bidirectional HCMV transmission from leucocytes to and from endothelial cells with the critical aid of adhesion molecules. Recently, the neutralising antibody response in sera from subjects with primary HCMV infection was reported to be much higher and earlier than in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HELF) cells when measured in endothelial cells and epithelial cells, where virus entry is mediated mostly by the pentamer complex gH/gL/pUL128/pUL130/pUL131, whereas it was much lower and delayed when determined in HELF, where virus entry is mediated mostly by the trimer complex gH/gL/gO. Thus, these results suggested that products of UL128L were the molecules primary responsible for the differential neutralising antibody response. This conclusion was confirmed by a series of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies directed to the components of pUL128L. Very recently, based on two sets of experiments including inhibition and immunoblotting assays, the pentamer complex/trimer complex ratio has been finally identified as the main factor of the neutralising antibody response. This ratio may change with the virus suspension producer and target cell system as well as number of cell culture passages.
Tailoring Broadband Nonlinear Optical Characteristics and Ultrafast Photocarrier Dynamics of Bi2O2S Nanosheets by Defect Engineering
Authors: Dong Junhao , Zhang Lesong , Lau Kuenyao , Shu Yu , Wang Shijin , Fu Zhuang , Wu Zhanggui , Liu Xiaofeng , Sa Baisheng , Pei Jiajie , Zheng Jingying , Zhan Hongbing , Wang Qianting 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLow‐dimensional bismuth oxychalcogenides have shown promising potential in optoelectronics due to their high stability, photoresponse, and carrier mobility. However, the relevant studies on deep understanding for Bi2O2S is quite limited. Here, comprehensive experimental and computational investigations are conducted in the regulated band structure, nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics, and carrier dynamics of Bi2O2S nanosheets via defect engineering, taking O vacancy (OV) and substitutional Se doping as examples. As the OV continuously increased to ≈35%, the optical bandgaps progressively narrow from ≈1.21 to ≈0.81 eV and NLO wavelengths are extended to near‐infrared regions with enhanced saturable absorption. Simultaneously, the relaxation processes are effectively accelerated from tens of picoseconds to several picoseconds, as the generated defect energy levels can serve as both additional absorption cross‐sections and fast relaxation channels supported by theoretical calculations. Furthermore, substitutional Se doping in Bi2O2S nanosheets also modulate their optical properties with the similar trends. As a proof‐of‐concept, passively mode‐locked pulsed lasers in the ≈1.0 µm based on the defect‐rich samples (≈35% OV and ≈50% Se‐doping) exhibit excellent performance. This work deepens the insight of defect functions on optical properties of Bi2O2S nanosheets and provides new avenues for designing advanced photonic devices based on low‐dimensional bismuth oxychalcogenides.
Identification of fecal contamination sources of groundwater in rural areas of Vhembe District Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Sekgobela Jeridah Matlhokha , Murei Arinao , Khabo‐Mmekoa Colette Mmapenya , Momba Maggy Ndombo Benteke 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGroundwater is a valuable source of drinking water worldwide, recognized as an improved drinking water source. However, on‐site sanitation systems may put groundwater at risk of fecal contamination. In the present study, two approaches were used to ascertain the sources of fecal contamination in groundwater used by communities of the Vhembe District Municipality. Overall, 87.5% of boreholes (n = 70) in the wet and 72.5% in the dry season were contaminated with Escherichia coli, and septic tank (n = 18) wastewaters displayed up to 104 cfu/mL E. coli. Host‐specific Bacteroidales quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays established the presence of human (BacHum and HF183) and animal (Cytb, BacCan, and Pig‐2Bac) genetic markers in groundwater from 15.7% of boreholes (wet) and 10% of boreholes (dry). No strong associations were founded between culturable E. coli counts and the presence/absence of marker genes for all the markers except for Cytb marker, which showed a weak significant correlation (r = 0.217; p = <0.01) between E. coli and the Cytb marker under dry seasonal conditions. Human markers and Cytb were present in the household septic tank wastewater samples. Significant differences in marker genes distribution in wastewater were observed using the Chi‐squared test: HF183 (p = <0.001) and BacHum (p = <0.001). Overall, no association was recorded between markers in groundwater and in wastewater for 18 households' septic tanks. A combined culturable E. coli and host‐specific Bacteroidales qPCR assays remain an appropriate approach for the identification of fecal contamination of groundwater.Practitioner Points
Households primarily used private boreholes for drinking water, as a primary source.
Most households used on‐site sanitation systems, including ventilated improved pit latrines and flush toilets connected to septic tanks.
Escherichia coli was detected in groundwater, and the sources of fecal contamination were humans and animals (pigs, dogs, and chickens).
The presence of human and animal markers in groundwater suggests that humans and animals are liable for fecal contamination.
Fecal contamination in drinking water sources poses a significant concern due to pathogenic microorganisms posing potential human health risks.
Investigation of Debris Flow Impact Mechanisms and Designs
Authors: Ng Charles W. W. , Poudyal Sunil , Liu Haiming , Bhatta Aastha , De Silva W. A. Roanga K. , Jia Zhenyang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDebris flows are catastrophic landslides increasing in severity in recent decades due to the more frequent and intense rainfall events under climate change. Debris flows pose a serious threat to infrastructure, settlements, and the natural environment in mountainous regions around the world causing considerable economic losses every year. To mitigate debris flows, single and multiple rigid and flexible barriers are constructed along the predicted debris flow paths. Compared with single barriers, multiple barriers are more advantageous in mitigating large debris flow volumes by progressively retaining and decelerating the flow with much smaller barrier sizes. These smaller barriers are not only easier to construct on steep hillslopes but also reduce the carbon footprint compared to large single barriers. However, current understanding of debris flow impact mechanisms on single and multiple barriers is limited due to the complex composition and scale-dependent nature of debris flow. The need of using different barrier configurations further adds to this complexity and the impact mechanisms of debris flow against single and multiple barriers are yet to be elucidated, thereby hindering the development of scientific design guidelines. This paper examines the impact mechanisms of water, dry granular and two-phase debris flows on barriers of varying stiffness, openings and numbers based on physical and numerical results, and provides recommendations for design of debris-resisting single and multiple barriers.
Sources of Policy: Knowledge Brokering in Governmental Reports
Authors: Salö Linus , Hammarfelt Björn , Nelhans Gustaf 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores indirect, text-based knowledge brokering through a study of Swedish governmental reports, known asStatens offentliga utredningar(SOUs). To this end, we endeavor to gauge the impact of knowledge uptake in their sources as displayed in their reference lists. Because SOUs are the outcome of commissions, we seek to position this feature of Swedish policymaking culture as an overlooked yet vital enabling condition for productive science–policy interaction where scholars and their knowledge can matter. However, doing so effectively requires a better understanding of the characteristics of impactful knowledge objects and the dynamics required to make them effective. Our analysis shows that the lion’s share of the references cited in the SOUs studied can be classified as gray literature and are published in Swedish. This suggests that scholars wanting to matter in a policy context may consider other routes besides the predominating genre of the peer-reviewed journal article in an English-language journal. Further implications of these findings are discussed vis-à-vis recent conceptualizations of agency in knowledge brokering as a lens through which to view collaborative impact in the future.
Optimisation study of Ulmus pumila woody biomass fractionation by steam explosion for bioproducts production
Authors: Susmozas A. , Manzanares P. , Negro M. J. , Ballesteros I. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUlmus pumila represents a promising lignocellulosic biomass source for biofuels and bioproducts production since it can grow in low rainfall and extreme temperature zones. A first step in the conversion process is biomass fractionation to enhance the performance of the hydrolysis and subsequent biological conversion steps. The aim of this work is to optimise the main variables (temperature, residence time and the addition or not of sulphuric acid) of steam explosion to pretreat Ulmus pumila biomass. The optimal conditions to maximise both glucose and xylose recovery were 204.8 °C and 30 mg H2SO4/g biomass, obtained through a multilevel factorial design of experiments. Additionally, enzymatic hydrolysis using high solid loads (15% and 20% (w/w)) and different enzyme doses was studied. As a result, steam explosion at optimal conditions followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with 20% solid loading and 60 mg protein/g cellulose of enzyme allow the recovery of 70% of the potential sugars.
Automated bone age assessment in a German pediatric cohort: agreement between an artificial intelligence software and the manual Greulich and Pyle method
Authors: Gräfe Daniel , Beeskow Anne Bettina , Pfäffle Roland , Rosolowski Maciej , Chung Tek Sin , DiFranco Matthew David 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) software in bone age (BA) assessment, according to the Greulich and Pyle (G&P) method in a German pediatric cohort.

Materials and methods
Hand radiographs of 306 pediatric patients aged 1–18 years (153 boys, 153 girls, 18 patients per year of life)—including a subgroup of patients in the age group for which the software is declared (243 patients)—were analyzed retrospectively. Two pediatric radiologists and one endocrinologist made independent blinded BA reads. Subsequently, AI software estimated BA from the same images. Both agreements, accuracy, and interchangeability between AI and expert readers were assessed.

Results
The mean difference between the average of three expert readers and AI software was 0.39 months with a mean absolute difference (MAD) of 6.8 months (1.73 months for the mean difference and 6.0 months for MAD in the intended use subgroup). Performance in boys was slightly worse than in girls (MAD 6.3 months vs. 5.6 months). Regression analyses showed constant bias (slope of 1.01 with a 95% CI 0.99–1.02). The estimated equivalence index for interchangeability was − 14.3 (95% CI −27.6 to − 1.1).

Conclusion
In terms of BA assessment, the new AI software was interchangeable with expert readers using the G&P method.

Clinical relevance statement
The use of AI software enables every physician to provide expert reader quality in bone age assessment.

Key Points
• A novel artificial intelligence–based software for bone age estimation has not yet been clinically validated.
• Artificial intelligence showed a good agreement and high accuracy with expert radiologists performing bone age assessment.
• Artificial intelligence showed to be interchangeable with expert readers.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myositis and myocarditis: diagnostic pitfalls and imaging contribution in a real-world, institutional case series
Authors: Vicino Alex , Hottinger Andreas F. , Latifyan Sofiya , Boughdad Sarah , Becce Fabio , Prior John O. , Kuntzer Thierry , Brouland Jean-Philippe , Dunet Vincent , Obeid Michel , Théaudin Marie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are reshaping the prognosis of many cancers, but often cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Among neurological irAEs, myositis is the most frequently reported. Our aim is to describe clinical and non-clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of all irMyositis (skeletal limb-girdle and/or ocular myositis) and irMyocarditis cases in our reference center.

Methods
We retrospectively enrolled all irMyositis/irMyocarditis patients seen between 2018 and 2022. We reviewed demographics, clinical characteristics, biological, neurophysiological, imaging workup, treatment and outcome.

Results
We included 14 consecutive patients. The most frequent treatments were pembrolizumab (35%) or ipilimumab–nivolumab combination (35%). Limb-girdle, ocular (non-fluctuating palpebral ptosis and/or diplopia with or without ophthalmoparesis) and cardiac phenotypes were equally distributed, overlapping in 40% of cases. Ocular involvement was frequently misdiagnosed; review of brain MRIs disclosed initially missed signs of skeletal myositis in one patient and ocular myositis in 3. Seven patients had other co-existing irAEs. When performed, myography showed a myogenic pattern. CK was elevated in 8/15 patients, troponin-T in 12/12 and troponin-I in 7/9 tested patients. ICI were discontinued in all cases, with further immunosuppressive treatment in nine patients. In most cases, neurological and cardiological outcome was good at last follow-up.

Conclusion
Myositis is a potentially severe irAE. Despite its heterogeneous presentation, some highly suggestive clinical symptoms, such as ocular involvement, or radiological signs should raise physicians’ attention to avoid misdiagnosis. We thus recommend a multidisciplinary assessment (including complete neuromuscular evaluation) even in case of isolated myocarditis. Our series underlines the importance of an early diagnosis, since suspension of ICI and adequate treatment are usually associated with good functional outcome.
Comparison of head tilt test between sagging eye syndrome and acquired unilateral trochlear nerve palsy
Authors: Yamadera Katsuhide , Kimura Akiko , Okita Yoichi , Mochizuki Yoshihito , Gomi Fumi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the distinction between sagging eye syndrome (SES group) and acquired unilateral trochlear nerve palsy (Trochlear group) in the Bielschowsky head tilt test (BHTT).

Methods
Fifteen patients in the SES group (mean age 74.6 ± 5.2 years) and 14 patients in the Trochlear group (55.2 ± 15.9 years) visited the Department of Ophthalmology, Hyogo Medical University Hospital between November 2016 and October 2022 for treatment of their diplopia. Eye position was measured with the alternate prism cover test, and values for fixation of the dominant eye, or unaffected eye, were used. Cyclodeviation was measured with the synoptophore and the Glaucoma Module Premium Edition of the SPECTRALIS optical coherence tomography. In the BHTT, eye position was measured in three head postures: primary position (PP), head tilt to the side with hypertropia (Hyper), and head tilt to the side with hypotropia (Hypo). The differences in vertical deviation between PP and Hyper (Hyper − PP), PP and Hypo (PP − Hypo) and Hyper − Hypo were measured and compared.

Results
Vertical deviation in primary position was 7.3 ± 4.5 PD in the SES group and significantly larger (17.1 ± 8.4 PD) in the Trochlear group (p = 0.002). The vertical deviation in Hyper was significantly larger in the Trochlear group with 7.7 ± 4.7 PD and 22.1 ± 9.4 PD, respectively (p < 0.001), whereas the that in Hypo was not significantly different between the two groups with 6.5 ± 3.4 PD and 8.4 ± 6.6 PD, respectively (p = 0.725). The SES group showed no significant difference according to the 3 head postures (p = 0.311), while the Trochlear group showed a significantly different with smaller mean values in vertical deviation in Hypo (p < 0.001). The difference in the vertical deviation for the 3 head postures was the largest in Hyper − Hypo (1.7 ± 2.1 PD and 13.6 ± 7.1 PD, respectively), and the accuracy of SES was at the cutoff value of 6 PD, and it was considered not to be SES if the value was 6PD or higher. The accuracy of SES determination was 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, and the area under the curve was 1.0.

Conclusion
The difference in Hyper − Hypo in the BHTT may be the most useful index in differentiating SES from acquired unilateral trochlear nerve palsy; if the difference was more than 6 PD, the probability of SES was very low.
NTRK-rearranged spindle cell sarcoma of the uterine cervix with a novel NUMA1::NTRK1 fusion
Authors: Szalai Luca , Vereczkey Ildikó , Szemes Marianna , Rókusz András , Csernák Erzsébet , Tóth Erika , Melegh Zsombor 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNTRK-rearranged uterine sarcoma is a recently described entity that represents a subset of uterine sarcomas with distinct clinicopathological features. From a molecular point of view, this tumour is defined by NTRK gene rearrangement, resulting in overexpression or constitutive activation of Trk receptors. The presence of NTRK fusion is indicative of treatment response with a selective small-molecule inhibitor of the Trk kinases. Here, we report a case of an NTRK-rearranged sarcoma of the uterine cervix in a 43-year-old patient, measuring 80 mm in its largest dimension, with a novel NUMA1-NTRK1 fusion, not previously reported in NTRK-rearranged uterine sarcomas or other NTRK-rearranged tumours. The fusion, involving NUMA1 exon 14 (NM_006185.4) and NTRK1 exon 11 (NM_002529.4), was identified by next-generation sequencing (NGS) studies (FusionPlex Pan Solid Tumor v2 panel). Although the presence of NTRK fusion has been reported in a variety of neoplasms, a fusion involving NUMA1 (nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1) and a tyrosine kinase partner has previously been reported in human neoplasms only in a handful of cases. The resulting fusion protein comprises the oligomerization domain of NUMA1, which is predicted to cause constant activation of the tyrosine kinase domain of NTRK1. The recognition and accurate diagnosis of these tumours are important due to the availability of potential targeted therapeutic options.
Effect of radiation therapy on patients with stage T3 or T4 malignant phyllodes tumors: a retrospective observational study based on SEER
Authors: Zhang Gongyin , Yang Ping , Zeng Jinsheng , Wei Changlong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Among all primary breast tumors, malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast (MPTB) make up less than 1%. In the treatment of phyllode tumors, surgical procedures such as mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery are the mainstay. MPTB has, however, been controversial when it comes to treating it with RT. We aimed to explore the prognostic impact of RT and other clinicopathologic factors on long-term survival for patients with stage T3 or T4 malignant phyllodes tumors.

Methods
We select patients with stage T3 or T4 MPTB who qualified for the criteria between 2000 and 2018 via the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We performed 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) and Kaplan–Meier analysis to explore the role of RT in long-term survival of patients with stage T3 or T4 MPTB. A univariate and multivariate analysis of breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) risk factors was carried out using a Cox proportional hazards model. In addition, the nomogram graph of OS and BCSS was constructed.

Results
A total of 583 patients with stage T3 or T4 malignant phyllodes tumors were included in this study, of whom 154 (26.4%) received RT, and 429 (73.6%) were treated without RT. Before adjustment, between groups with and without RT, BCSS (p = 0.1) and OS (p = 0.212) indicated no significant difference respectively. Using of PSM, the two groups still did not differ significantly in BCSS (p = 0.552) and OS (p = 0.172). In multivariate analysis, age (p < 0.001), surgery of primary site (p < 0.001) and distant metastatic status (p < 0.001) were related to prognosis, while RT still did not affect BCSS (p = 0.877) and OS (p = 0.554).

Conclusion
Based on the SEER database analysis, the study suggests that the patients with stage T3 or T4 MPTB treated with RT after surgery didn't have significant differences in BCSS or OS compared to those not treated with RT.