bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of nevus of Ota with the Q‐switched alexandrite laser*
Authors: Moreno‐Arias Gerardo A. , Camps‐Fresneda Alejandro 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveQ‐switched laser systems have been shown to be useful for removal of nevus of Ota, a pigmented lesion on the face. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Q‐switched alexandrite laser in the treatment of nevus of Ota in 13 patients.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA spot test was made at 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0 J/cm2 energy fluence, and the best energy fluence was selected after a 2‐month postoperative evaluation. Q‐switched alexandrite laser with a mean fluence of 7.290.46 J/cm2 was used at 8‐week intervals. Total treatment ranged from 1 to 15 sessions (mean 7.1 ± 5.1 sessions). The single shot technique was used.ResultsMore than 75% lightening was achieved in seven patients, between 51% and 75% in three, less than 50% in one, and less than 25% in one. In two patients with excellent clearance, a very light gray macula in the lower eyelid persisted after 8 and 14 treatment sessions, respectively. Mild transient hypopigmentation that subsided spontaneously after 2 months was observed in one patient. No repigmentation was seen.ConclusionsThe Q‐switched alexandrite laser seems to be an effective and safe modality for the treatment of nevus of Ota. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:451–455, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of differentially expressed genes during cyclic adenosine monophosphate–induced neuroendocrine differentiation in the human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line LNCaP
Authors: Goodin Jeremy L. , Rutherford Charles L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe LNCaP cell line is a versatile and useful model suitable for the study of human prostate cancer in vitro. It has been determined that the elevation of LNCaP intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels through the addition of membrane‐permeable cAMP analogs, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, adenylate cyclase activators, or components of the cAMP signal‐transduction pathway can induce reversible neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation. Elucidation of those genes that are differentially expressed between undifferentiated prostate cancer cells and prostate cancer cells that have been induced to differentiate may present new insights into the molecular mechanisms governing NE differentiation, early detection of prostate cancer, and potential targets for gene therapy. In this study, differential display polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify 226 differentially expressed PCR products. Twelve of the differential display PCR products were confirmed by Northern blot analysis and were cloned. DNA sequencing and database comparisons were performed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of differential gene expression techniques to analyze gene expression during cAMP‐induced NE differentiation in LNCaP cells. Confirmation of NE differentiation reversibility also was accomplished. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphisms in cyclin D1 gene and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Jing , Chen Shu‐Yuan , Chen Chien‐Jen , Santella Regina M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe cyclin D1 gene, CCND1, located within chromosome 11q13, plays an important role in the regulation of cell‐cycle progression and has oncogenic properties. Cyclin D1 frequently is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as a result of gene amplification. In a previous study, we showed threefold to 20‐fold amplification of CCND1 in four of 30 (13%) HCC tissues from Taiwan but not in any control liver tissues or in two HCC cell lines. A common A870G polymorphism located within the splice donor region of exon 4 of CCND1 has been reported to enhance alternate splicing. Two forms of mRNA are present in subjects with the heterozygous genotype. The relationship between the variant allele and susceptibility to HCC and clinical‐pathologic outcome was investigated in 97 Taiwanese HCC patients and 35 control subjects. In this small sample, CCND1 genotype frequencies were similar in cases and controls and were not associated with susceptibility to the development of HCC. All nine patients homozygous for the G allele (GG genotype) had poorly differentiated tumors, but this association was not statistically significant, perhaps owing to the small sample. Overexpression of cyclin D1 protein, through gene amplification, correlates with poor prognosis in several cancers, but its role in HCC is the subject of controversy. Increased expression of cyclin D1 may play an important role in the development of HCC owing to the perturbation of normal control of the cell cycle. The A870G polymorphism in CCND1 may influence differentiation and prognosis in HCC patients but requires further study. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
β‐Adrenergics enhance brain extraction of levodopa
Authors: Uc Ergun Y. , Dienel Gerald A. , Cruz Nancy F. , Harik Sami I. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe sought to determine whether β‐adrenergic agonists enhance the brain extraction of L‐dopa and L‐leucine. Systemic administration of β‐adrenergic agonists increase brain concentrations of L‐dopa and other large neutral amino acids (LNAA) in rats and monkeys and may improve symptoms and reduce daily L‐dopa requirement in patients with Parkinson's disease. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) using [3H]nicotine and the extraction fraction of 14C‐labeled L‐dopa or L‐leucine were measured simultaneously in various brain regions of conscious rats using the dual‐isotope indicator fractionation technique after intraperitoneal administration of isoproterenol (a peripheral nonselective β‐adrenergic agonist), or clenbuterol (a β2‐adrenergic agonist that crosses the blood–brain barrier), or β‐adrenergic agonist preceded by nadolol (a peripheral nonselective β‐adrenergic antagonist), or saline vehicle. Both β‐adrenergic agonists increased regional brain extraction fraction of L‐dopa and L‐leucine tracers by 35–45%, without altering regional CBF. These changes were accompanied by about a 30% decrease in plasma branched chain LNAA concentrations. Nadolol blocked all these effects. β‐Adrenergic agonists increase the brain extraction of L‐dopa and leucine, mainly by peripheral mechanisms that reduce the levels of other competing plasma LNAAs for transport. Thus, β‐adrenergic agonists might be useful in the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease by enhancing delivery of L‐dopa to the brain. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Light‐scattering models for a spherical particle above a slightly dielectric rough surface
Authors: Lixin Guo , Cheyoung Kim 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBased on the reciprocity theorem, the light scattering from a spherical particle above a slightly dielectric rough surface is studied. The theoretical formulation that accounts for the near‐field interaction between a spherical particle and a rough surface is given, the analytical solution of the scattering cross section for the composite model is presented, and the backscattering cross sections are calculated and discussed in detail. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 142–146, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10259
Design optimization of chirped sampled Bragg grating for dispersion compensation
Authors: Yin Yu‐Zhe , Chen Xiang‐Fei , Mao Jin , Li Xu‐Hui , Xie Shi‐Zhong 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAnalytical expressions for the output pulse broadening and eye‐diagram power penalty of a chirped sampled Bragg grating (CSBG) dispersion compensator are derived. The result is applied to optimize the design of residue dispersion ratio in each channel and the total channel number of a fixed‐length CSBG. The optimal residue dispersion ratio does not change when the channel number changes. The filter‐induced pulse distortion will induce an additional eye‐diagram power penalty and will give an upper limit for the channel number of 40‐G+ systems. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 171–174, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10267
Room‐temperature multiwavelength operation of an elliptical core erbium‐doped fiber laser
Authors: Das Gautam , Lit J. W. Y. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA simple and efficient technique to achieve stable multiwavelength laser operation at room temperatures with the use of an elliptical‐core erbium‐doped fiber is proposed and demonstrated. The results give a maximum of five simultaneous laser lines in the L band. A polarization controller is used to control and select the lines. The principle of operation is based on the anisotropic gain effect in a polarization‐maintaining fiber. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 184–186, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10271
Broadband six‐port circuit for direction‐finding applications
Authors: Casares‐Miranda F. P. , Márquez‐Segura E. , Otero Pablo , Camacho‐Peñalosa C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA new six‐port circuit configuration based on branch‐line hybrids and Wilkinson power dividers is presented. The phase difference between two input signals is estimated using this new structure. The results are compared with the most widely used six‐port structures and a notable improvement in broadband performance is shown. Simulations are carried out in order to assess this improvement. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 457–458, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20500
A microstrip‐coupled printed inverted‐F monopole antenna
Authors: Su Chih‐Ming , Wong Kin‐Lu , Chen Wen‐Shyang , Cheng Yuan‐Tung 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA printed inverted‐F monopole antenna excited using a microstrip‐coupled feed is presented. The monopole antenna and the microstrip‐coupled feed are printed on two sides of a dielectric substrate. The microstrip‐coupled feed comprises a 50Ω microstrip feed‐line and an open‐ended microstrip section for coupling the signal to the monopole antenna. Two promising arrangements of the microstrip‐coupled feed using a simple microstrip section and an L‐shaped microstrip section are demonstrated. The experimental results of the constructed prototypes for operating in the 2.4‐GHz WLAN band are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 470–472, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20504
A proposed defected microstrip structure (DMS) behavior for reducing rectangular patch antenna size
Authors: Tirado‐Méndez Jose Alfredo , Jardón‐Aguilar Hildeberto , Iturbide‐Sánchez Flavio , Garcia‐Ruiz Israel , Molina‐Lopez Victoria , Acevo‐Herrera Rene 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA defected microstrip structure (DMS) is proposed to reducing the size of a rectangular patch antenna by increasing its electric length, without degrading its performance. To illustrate this advantage, one conventional and one proposed defected patch antenna were developed and measured at 1.77 GHz. The simulated and measured results concerning the radiation patterns and bandwidth of both antennas are very closely related, but the proposed defected antenna achieves 22% of total‐area reduction. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 481–484, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20508
Novel compact photonic bandgap structures using rectangular increasing‐distance spiral slots
Authors: Fuqi Shan , Baoxin Gao 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA novel and compact rectangular increasing‐distance spiral slots (RIDSS) structure has been proposed for photonic bandgap (PBG) applications. The dimension of the RIDSS structure is only about 1/8λ at the cutoff frequency. Only three cells of the RIDSS‐PBG are sufficient for the measured >20‐dB stopband from 1470 to 2034 MHz, thus rendering the whole structure super‐compact. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 537–539, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20527
Loss at 12p detected by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH): Association with TEL‐AML1 fusion and favorable prognostic features in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A multi‐institutional study*
Authors: Kanerva Jukka , Niini Tarja , Vettenranta Kim , Riikonen Pekka , Mäkipernaa Anne , Karhu Ritva , Knuutila Sakari , Saarinen‐Pihkala Ulla M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundGenetic aberrations provide prognostic information in childhood ALL. The proportion of patients with detectable aberrations can be increased by combining G‐banding with comparative genomic hybridization (CGH).ProcedureWe studied 79 children with ALL by CGH and G‐banding, and explored the relationship of these findings to clinical features and outcome.ResultsCGH revealed DNA copy number changes in 57 patients (72%), 9 of whom had normal karyotype by G‐banding. Gains were more frequent than losses, and changes of whole chromosomes more frequent than partial aberrations. Two frequent partial losses were found; at 9p and 12p. The 9 patients with loss at 12p were studied for the deletion of TEL (ETV6) gene and the fusion of TEL and AML1 genes by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Eight out of the 9 children with loss at 12p harbored the TEL–AML1 translocation and all 9 had the deletion of a nontranslocated TEL allele. All 9 had precursor‐B phenotype and L1 morphology, and 8/9 had WBC below 50 × 109/liter. All children were treated according to Nordic ALL protocols, had a good response to treatment based on day 15 bone marrow morphology, and 7 out of the 9 survived in continuous complete remission (median follow‐up 74 months).ConclusionsCGH is a valuable tool in screening for genetic aberrations in childhood ALL. DNA copy number losses detected at 12p associate with TEL–AML1 fusion as well as with favorable prognostic features. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001; 37:419–425. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of hepatic oxidative DNA damage in patients with hepatoblastoma and children with non‐neoplastic disease
Authors: Ikeda Hitoshi , Hirato Junko , Suzuki Norio , Kuroiwa Minoru , Maruyama Kenichi , Tsuchida Yoshiaki 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe authors have revealed a significant association between hepatoblastoma and low birth weight. This study was done to explore the evidence that liver cells were oxidatively damaged, based on the hypothesis that oxidative damage to DNA is involved in the development of hepatoblastoma in children of low birth weight.ProcedureOxidative DNA damage in the liver was examined by immunohistochemically detecting the presence of a DNA repair product, 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), in five patients with hepatoblastoma and 14 children with non‐neoplastic disease.ResultsPositive staining for 8‐OHdG was observed in all five patients with hepatoblastoma. Distribution of 8‐OHdG positivity was diffuse in the intralobular area in one patient and was restricted to the periportal area of the lobules in four patients. There was no apparent correlation between birth weight of the patients, histological findings in the liver, and the distribution of 8‐OHdG positivity. In children with non‐neoplastic disease, 8‐OHdG was detected in nine of 14 patients, and 8‐OHdG was positive in the intralobular area of the liver parenchyma except in one patient.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the cause of oxidative DNA damage in patients with hepatoblastoma may be different from the cause, extensive parenchymal damage to the liver, in children with non‐neoplastic disease, but the 8‐OHdG formation is not specific to hepatoblastoma patients of low birth weight. Further studies to elucidate the true reason for the high incidence of hepatoblastoma in children of low birth weight are necessary. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001; 37:505–510. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An intramolecular ionic hydrogen bond stabilizes a cis amide bond rotamer of a ring‐opened rapamycin‐degradation product
Authors: Zhou Casey Chun , Stewart Kent D. , Dhaon Madhup K. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractRapamycin (1), a macrolide immunosuppressant, undergoes degradation into ring‐opened acid products 2 and 3 under physiologically relevant conditions. The unsaturated product (3) was isolated and studied in this work. Unlike 1, which has its amide primarily in a trans conformation in solution, 3 has both cis and trans conformations in approximately a 1:1 ratio in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The amount of cis rotamer was increased dramatically in the presence of an organic base such as triethylamine. The detailed NMR results indicate that the cis rotamer is stabilized through an intramolecular ionic hydrogen bond of the carboxylate anion with the tertiary alcohol as part of a nine‐membered ring system. This hydrogen bond was characterized further in organic media and the trans–cis rotamer equilibria were used to estimate the relative bond strengths in several solvents. The additional stabilization arising from this ionic hydrogen bond in the cis rotamer was determined to be 1.4 kcal mol−1 in DMSO‐d6, 2.0 kcal mol−1 in CD3CN and 1.1 kcal mol−1 in CD3OD. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of motor unit structure in defining function
Authors: Monti Ryan J. , Roy Roland R. , Edgerton V. Reggie 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMotor units, defined as a motoneuron and all of its associated muscle fibers, are the basic functional units of skeletal muscle. Their activity represents the final output of the central nervous system, and their role in motor control has been widely studied. However, there has been relatively little work focused on the mechanical significance of recruiting variable numbers of motor units during different motor tasks. This review focuses on factors ranging from molecular to macroanatomical components that influence the mechanical output of a motor unit in the context of the whole muscle. These factors range from the mechanical properties of different muscle fiber types to the unique morphology of the muscle fibers constituting a motor unit of a given type and to the arrangement of those motor unit fibers in three dimensions within the muscle. We suggest that as a result of the integration of multiple levels of structural and physiological levels of organization, unique mechanical properties of motor units are likely to emerge. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 848–866, 2001
Myostatin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, and leukemia inhibitory factor mRNAs are upregulated in chronic human disuse muscle atrophy
Authors: Reardon Katrina A. , Davis Jonathon , Kapsa Robert M.I. , Choong Peter , Byrne Edward 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHuman disuse muscle atrophy frequently accompanies orthopedic injury, arthritis, or bed rest, and recovery is often incomplete despite current rehabilitation programs. We have studied the vastus lateralis muscle in 12 patients with chronic disuse atrophy associated with chronic osteoarthritis of the hip both preoperatively and after total hip arthroplasty. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) demonstrated an increase in the level of expression of myostatin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) mRNAs compared to healthy control muscle. In all patients there was a significant correlation preoperatively between increasing myostatin mRNA expression and reduction in type 2A and 2B fiber area. In the 8 female patients there was a significant correlation between increased myostatin mRNA expression and the atrophy factor calculated for 2A and 2B fiber types preoperatively. We hypothesize that a complex interaction occurs between muscle growth regulating factors in the genesis of muscle wasting. Our results indicate that myostatin is a muscle‐wasting factor contributing to type 2B and 2A atrophy. Other muscle growth factors, such as IGF‐1 and LIF, may be upregulated in a counterregulatory fashion or may be involved in the fiber type switching seen in disuse muscle wasting. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 893–899, 2001
Effects of FK506 on nerve regeneration and reinnervation after graft or tube repair of long nerve gaps
Authors: Navarro Xavier , Udina Esther , Ceballos Dolores , Gold Bruce G. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe compared the effects of FK506 administration on regeneration and reinnervation after sciatic nerve resection and repair with an autologous graft or with a silicone tube leaving a 6‐mm gap in the mouse. Functional reinnervation was assessed by noninvasive methods to determine recovery of motor, sensory, and sweating functions in the hindpaw over 4 months after operation. Morphometric analysis of the regenerated nerves was performed at the end of follow‐up. The nerve graft allowed for faster and higher levels of reinnervation in the four functions tested than silicone tube repair. Treatment with FK506 (for the first 9 weeks only) resulted in a slight, although not significant, improvement of the onset of reinnervation and of the maximal degree of recovery achieved after autografting. The recovery of pain sensibility and of the compound nerve action potentials in the digital nerves, which directly depend on axonal regeneration, showed better progression with FK506 than reinnervation of muscles and sweat glands, which require reestablishment of synaptic contacts with target cells. The myelinated fibers in the regenerated nerve showed a more mature appearance in the FK506‐treated rats. However, FK506 showed a marginal effect in situations in which regeneration was limited, as in a silicone tube bridging a 6‐mm gap in the mouse sciatic nerve. In conclusion, treatment with FK506 improved the rate of functional recovery after nerve resection and autograft repair. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 905–915, 2001
Comparison of interpolation and central activation ratios as measures of muscle inactivation
Authors: Behm David , Power Kevin , Drinkwater Eric 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate different methods of estimating muscle inactivation, derived from single and multiple voluntary contractions. Ten subjects performed maximal and submaximal leg extensor contractions to determine an interpolation (IT) or central activation ratio (CAR). A superimposed evoked force was compared with the force output of either a voluntary (CAR) or resting evoked contraction (IT ratio), or the ratios were inserted into regression equations (linear, polynomial, exponential). Linear‐regression estimates of CAR using doublets and tetanus provided physiologically inaccurate values. Whereas IT ratios using doublets (IT‐doublet) and tetanus (IT‐tetanus) had a significant difference in only one interaction, IT‐tetanus and CAR using a tetanus (CAR‐tetanus) estimates provided the most extensive correlation within and between measures. Thus, tetanic stimulation superimposed upon single maximal or multiple contractions seems to provide the most valid measure of muscle inactivation when using the interpolated‐twitch technique. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 925–934, 2001