bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objective and subjective attractiveness and early adolescent adjustment
Authors: Jovanovic Jasna , Lerner Richard M. , Lerner Jacqueline V. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractUsing data from the Pennsylvania Early Adolescent Transitions Study (PEATS), this study assessed how objective physical attractiveness (PA), indexed by appraisals from others, and subjective PA, indexed by self‐appraisals, relate to each other and, in turn, to early adolescent adjustment (indexed by self‐esteem and anxiety). Findings indicated a low relationship between objective and subjective PA. Only subjective PA was associated with adjustment.
Everybody's scared—but life goes on: coping, defense and action in the face of nuclear threat
Authors: Haste Helen 
Published: April 2004

AbstractStudies of response to nuclear threat have produced several “typologies” of coping and defense mechanisms. In this paper, a model of the sequence of processes by which people deal with recurrent fears about nuclear war is proposed, drawing on risk perception and stress paradigms. It is shown how the accumulated data can be interpreted in terms of appraisal processes and schemata, and that “activism” is but one coping mechanism rather than the logical outcome of effective coping. The implications for psychologists concerned about the nuclear threat are considered.
Relationships between the life values of U.S. college students and their cognitive/affective responses to the threat of nuclear war
Authors: Hamilton Scott B. , Lynch Rebekah S. , Naginey Judith L. , Peters Kimberley A. , Piske Kevin R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe present study was designed to examine relationships between the life values of 399 U.S. college students and their nuclear war‐related thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. The students completed four scales from the Life Values Inventory: (i.e. Conventionally Defined Success [CDS]; Religious Faith and Devotion [RFD]; Activist Pursuit of Social Causes [APSC]; Materialistic Orientation [MO]), the Satisfaction With Life Scale, four scales from the Nuclear War Inventory—Nuclear Distress; Salience; Weapons Opposition; Personal Efficacy—and a single behavioral measure of approach toward information concerning nuclear weapons. Consistent with theory regarding the influence of values and commitments on attitudes and behavior, APSC was found to be positively associated with all five nuclear war measures.Additionally, MO was negatively related to Personal Efficacy and Information Approach, and CDS was positively associated with Nuclear Distress. The only value dimension which covaried significantly with general life satisfaction was RFD. Results are discussed with respect to the recent rise in conservative and materialistically‐oriented values among American college students.
Use of alcohol and drugs in the transitional phase from adolescence to young adulthood
Authors: Hammer Torild , Vaglum Per 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe results are based on a prospective longitudinal national survey of 2000 young adults, 19–22 years old, who participated in a postal survey in 1985 and 1987; 68 per cent answered both questionnaires. This paper is mainly based on the cross‐sectional analysis of the data from 1987.The transitional period from adolescence to young adulthood had a significant impact on both alcohol consumption and use of cannabis. There was a higher alcohol consumption among those who had left their parental home. The consumption was lower among those who had established an adult social role with a partner. This effect was more important than occupation, income and age. The transition from adolescence to young adulthood also implies a high risk of unemployment, since this period involves leaving school and establishing a work role. We found that unemployment was positively related to alcohol consumption and the use of cannabis among men; while among women there was a negative relationship, which was found to be insignificant. Previously unemployed women consumed less alcohol than other women in education or in paid work. This could not be explained by unemployed women working as housewives — a social role associated with a low consumption of alcohol. The significant interaction effect between unemployment and gender, with respect to alcohol consumption, could probably be explained by selection to unemployment.
Young offenders and alcohol‐related crime: what interventions will address the issues?
Authors: McMurran Mary 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAlthough most young offenders will grow out of both drinking and crime, interventions aimed at reducing crime through reducing drinking or reducing drinking so as to reduce health and social problems are important for some offenders. Where the aim is to reduce crime by reducing drinking, it is essential to assess carefully the relationship between the two in each person to ensure that this is logical.Since most adolescents drink and since controlled drinking is achievable by younger people with fewer alcohol‐related problems, moderation rather than abstinence is a realistic goal for most young offenders. Behavioural self‐control training is one type of intervention which can effectively encourage moderate drinking, but this has to be conducted in ways that will engage young offenders' interest, for example through self‐help manuals, developing peer interventions and using simulated bar settings. In addressing the questions of which types of people commit which types of crime and what part alcohol plays in setting the conditions for crime to occur, studying the effects that young offenders expect alcohol to have under various conditions may contribute to the development of cognition modification components of interventions and enable better matching of clients with programmes.
Adolescent drinking behaviour and family socialization factors: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Foxcroft David R. , Lowe Geoff 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFamily socialization processes are important influences on behaviour in childhood and adolescence. Two major dimensions of family socialization are Support and Control, and these two dimensions were assessed for their influence on adolescent drinking behaviour.Thirty recently published research studies, which reported the influence of (clearly identifiable) family socialization variables on (self‐reported) adolescent drinking behaviour were selected for analysis. The results of these studies were subjected to meta‐analysis using a sorting technique. Variables were sorted along the dimensions of Support and Control, and along a Family Structure dimension, which measured parental intactness.Results of the meta‐analysis indicated a clear negative linear relationship between Support and adolescent drinking. There was also a negative linear relationship between Control and drinking behaviour. Thus low support and lax control were associated with increased drinking. However, there was some evidence of a possible curvilinear relationship between control and adolescent drinking. A negative relationship between Family Structure and adolescent drinking was also found, i.e. adolescents from non‐intact families tend to drink more. The results were incorporated into a family systems perspective.It is suggested that extremes of Support and Control, when measured adequately, may be dysfunctional for adequate socialization into normal drinking behaviour, as defined by social and cultural norms, during adolescence.
Adolescent coping: the different ways in which boys and girls cope
Authors: Frydenberg Erica , Lewis Ramon 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn order to investigate the ways in which boys and girls cope with their concerns, 650 Year 11 and Year 12 students from seven post‐primary schools in Melbourne, Australia were asked to describe how they cope with the main concerns in their lives. In addition to elicitation of spontaneous responses, a modified form of the Ways of Coping Checklist (Folkman and Lazarus, 1980; 1985b) was also administered to obtain an assessment of students coping strategies.Clear differences were found between the ways in which boys and girls cope. Girls seek more social support and generally are more likely than boys to focus on relationships. They also employ more strategies related to hoping for the best and wishful thinking. The question of how boys and girls can develop their coping repertoire so as to increase the adaptability of their responses in difficult situations is also addressed.
Adolescent and older mothers' interaction patterns with their six‐month‐old infants
Authors: Culp Rex E. , Culp Anne M. , Osofsky Joy D. , Osofsky Howard J 
Published: April 2004

AbstractChildren of adolescent mothers suffer more physical, intellectual, and emotional difficulties than do other children. In order to gain a better understanding of the differences, the interaction patterns of adolescent mothers and non‐adolescent mothers interacting with their young infants were compared. One hundred adolescent mothers and 29 married primiparous nonadolescent mothers were observed interacting with their six‐month‐old infants during a feeding episode and a play episode. All of the mothers had a high school education or less. During feeding, the adolescent mothers demonstrated less expressiveness, less positive attitude, less delight, less positive regard, fewer vocalizations, and a lower quality of vocalizations than non‐adolescent mothers. During play, the adolescent mothers demonstrated less inventiveness, less patience, and less positive attitude than the non‐adolescent mothers. These results extend and strengthen what is known about adolescent mothers patterns of interaction with their young infants.
The changing parent‐child relationship, self‐esteem, and intelligence as determinants of orientation to the future during early adolescence
Authors: Nurmi Jari‐Erik , Pulliainen Harry 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn order to study how parent‐child interaction, self‐esteem and intelligence influence adolescents' orientation to the future, 57 11‐year‐old and 56 15‐year‐old adolescents were interviewed about their hopes for the future. The content and extension of each hope, as well as the levels of internality, optimism and realization, were estimated from the answers. The results showed that a high level of family discussion increased interest in a future family. The influences of parental control and family discussion, however, change as adolescents grow older: the more 11‐year‐olds reported parental control, the less optimistic they were about the future but the more steps they had taken to realize their hopes. On the other hand, the higher the level of family discussion adolescents reported at the age of 15, the more optimistic they were and the more they had realized their hopes. Adolescents with high self‐esteem were more internal in their thinking about the future than those with low self‐esteem.
Adolescents' perceptions of significant individuals in their lives
Authors: Hendry Leo B. , Roberts Wilma , Glendinning Anthony , Coleman John C. 
Published: April 2004

Abstract180 adolescents, aged 11–12 years, and 180, aged 15–16 years, from one Scottish secondary school participated in this study. The purposes of the investigation were: to determine the most significant family member and unrelated person in young peoples' lives; and to identify which characteristics rendered these persons important. ‘Mother’ and ‘(same sex) friend’ emerged as the outstanding choices. Family members (except siblings) were associated with positive characteristics, whilst amongst unrelated adults, youth group leaders were viewed positively. By contrast, school teachers were primarily seen as occupying a challenging role. Where age and sex differences were found, it was invariably those in early adolescence and females who were more likely to attribute positive characteristics. These results are discussed in relation to the concept of ‘mentoring’ and the role of mentors in adolescents' lives.
The relationship between self‐esteem and psychological adjustment in young adolescents
Authors: Schweitzer Robert D. , Seth‐Smith Mary , Callan Victor 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe study adopts a multi‐dimensional construct of self‐esteem to examine the relationship between self‐perception and psychological adjustment in order to identify specific dimensions that discriminate between disturbed and non‐disturbed groups. The disturbed group (n = 33) is derived from a clinical sample and are matched with a non‐disturbed group (n = 33) of adolescents. Results indicate that dimensional self‐concept scores are significantly lower for clinical subjects while there are no significant differences between groups on the mathematics, honesty, and physical ability dimensions. These findings provide a more fine grained understanding of the relationship between self‐esteem and psychological adjustment and emphasize the need to examine self‐esteem in terms of its particular dimensions.
Sex education: more is not enough
Authors: Mellanby Alex , Phelps Fran , Tripp John 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIncreasing demands for sex education have been associated with a plethora of recommendations, regulations and resources with resulting variability of content, strategy, quality and outcome. While numerous studies confirm that the health behaviour of teenagers is not altered by the teaching of facts alone, other data suggest that appreciation of personal risk and learned assertiveness skills are associated with changes in population behaviours. Peer led teaching is a powerful and probably essential component of school health and sex education. Evaluated interventions with agreed purpose and acceptable methodologies are essential if there is to be any real expectation of health benefit from sex education.
Clinical experience in non‐stressed antepartum cardiotocography in high‐risk pregnancies
Authors: Varma T.R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA “ten‐point” scoring system for antenatal cardiotocography based on base line fetal heart rate, fetal movement, base line variability and fetal heart rate response to fetal movements and Braxton‐Hicks contractions has been used in 1100 patients to assess the fetal status in pregnancies complicated by suspected fetoplacental insufficiency. The incidence of fetal distress in labor, of operative deliveries, of low Apgar score (0–5), of infants with intrauterine growth retardation, of perinatal mortality rate, and of fetal abnormalities was significantly higher when the CTG score was 6 or below. The method of scoring was simple to use and could standardize reporting.
Abruptio placentae
Authors: Clemetson C. Alan B. , Cafaro Virginia 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAnalysis of blood samples from pregnant women has shown that the mean histamine level starts to rise when the plasma ascorbic acid level falls below 1.0 mg/100 ml; it is doubled when the ascorbate level falls to 0.5 mg/100 ml and quadrupled when it falls below 0.2 mg/100 ml. The incidence of abruptio placentae was found to be seven out of 355 (or 2.0%) in women who had plasma ascorbic acid levels above 0.4 mg/100 ml and six out of 31 (19.4%) in women with plasma ascorbate levels below 0.4 mg/100 ml. This difference is highly significant. It is suggested that ascorbic acid deficiency and histamine excess play leading roles in the etiology of abruptio placentae.
Decreased fetal activity and fetal heart rate changes after amniocentesis complicated by fetal hemorrhage
Authors: Sodavsky Eliahu , Eyal Fabian G. , Perlman Max , Beyth Yoram 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA case is described in which aminocentesis caused placental injury, abruptic placenta, and fetal hemorrhage which caused fetal distress. This was primarily manifested by reduction of fetal movements and later by fetal heart rate deceleration. Emergency cesarean section was performed and a live infant was born. The importance of monitoring the fetus after amniocentesis by assessment of fetal movements is stressed.
Postpartum contraception
Authors: Edelman David A. , Goldsmith Alfredo , Shelton James D. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn a previous report, we reviewed the safety of initiating different contraceptive methods immediately postabortion [11]. In the time since the report was written, there have been no significant or new developments concerning contraception immediately following either elective or spontaneous abortion. This report will examine issues relating to contraception immediately following a term delivery, and the safety and effectiveness of different contraceptive methods immediately postpartum.
Endometrial cancer in Israel, 1969–1975
Authors: Schenker J.G. , Birkenfeld A. , Schwartz S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractEpidemiological data on 1017 cases of primary cancer of endometrium in Israel diagnosed over a 7‐year period are presented. Incidence of corpus cancer in Israel has not changed in the last decade; the mean incidence for the current study is 18.73/100,000 women above the age of 25. Eight percent of patients were above the age of 51, with a steep increase of incidence being found above the age of 35. Endometrial carcinoma was four to five times more prevalent in Jewish women of European‐American origin than in those of Asian‐African background. In 85% of the patients diagnosis was made while the disease was in Stage I. A strong correlation was found between endometrial cancer and infertility, but no correlation was found with diabetes and hypertension. The five‐year survival rate in the present survey was 65.0%. Factors affecting prognosis and clinical stage of the disease at diagnosis, degree of myometrial invasion, tumor differentiation, age of the patient and type of treatment are discussed.
Small cell anaplastic lung cancer presenting as an ovarian metastasis
Authors: Malviya Vinay K. , Bansal Manjula , Chahinian Philippe , Deppe Gunter , Lauersen Niels , Gordon Ronald E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAn unusual case of small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung, presenting as a pelvic mass, is presented. Histochemical and electron microscopic findings confirmed the diagnosis. The pathologic features and unique clinical characteristics are discussed with comments on the topic of metastatic ovarian tumors.
Menstrual therapies in commonwealth Asian law
Authors: Bhiwandiwala Pouru P. , Cook Rebecca J. , Dickens Bernard M. , Potts Malcolm 
Published: April 2004

AbstractUnder English law, acting with the intention to procure an abortion whether a woman is pregnant or not is a crime. Laws in Commonwealth Asia governing abortion apply only in cases where a woman is clearly pregnant. Accordingly, menstrual therapies are available without violating abortion laws, or having to comply to their conditions. This permits doctors under such laws to exercise considerable discretion in recourse to menstrual therapies.
Fetal heart rate decelerations following the administration of meperidine‐promethazine during labor
Authors: Ron M. , Menashe M. , Scherer D. , Palti Z. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA deceleration response lasting up to 7 min was observed in 53 fetuses (out of 1910 studied) following the administration of 75 mg meperidine and 25 mg promethazine intravenously to the mothers during labor. Thirty‐six of these fetuses reacted with baseline tachycardia following the deceleration with or without loss of baseline variability. Seven fetuses showed a variable deceleration pattern and six fetuses reacted with a late deceleration pattern following the first deceleration. Two newborns from the group showing a late deceleration patten were delivered with an apgar score below 7 in 5 min. The probable mechanisms and significance of these changes are discussed.
Objective demonstration of cervical softening with a prostaglandin F2α gel during first trimester abortion
Authors: Rath Werner , Kühnle Henning , Theobald Peter , Kuhn Walther 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn a prospective study the cervix softening and dilating effects of intracervically applied prostaglandin F2α gel were investigated in 100 patients during induced abortion in the 7–12th week of pregnancy. A specially designed tonometer was used to measure the resistance of the cervical canal before as well as 6–8 h, 4 days and 5–6 weeks after gel application. The cervix of 99 patients proved to be freely passable without use of undue force for at least Hegar 8 after treatment. Measurements in 96 patients 5–6 weeks after the operation showed good general agreement with those values obtained before gel application. No spontaneous or operation‐induced lesions of the cervix occurred. Intracervical prostaglandin gel application proved itself to be a safe, practicable and gentle method for avoiding dilation‐induced complications during first trimester abortions.
Oral contraceptives and mortality from circulatory system diseases: An epidemiologic study in Taiwan
Authors: Chow L.P. , Lin C.C. , Keyvan‐Larijani E. , Chang K.K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAn epidemiological study on the association between oral contraceptive (OC) use and circulatory system disease (CSD) mortality undertaken in Taiwan by proxy interview of closest family members of 306 deceased cases, 305 deceased controls, and 611 healty neighborhood controls indicated that the relative risk between the cases and health controls was 0.98 (0.62–1.54) and that between cases and health controls was 0.82 (0.56–1.21). Use of OC by Taiwanese women has not produced any overwhelming adverse effects on CSD mortality.
Fetal movements and intrauterine growth retardation
Authors: Mor‐Yosef Shlomo , Sadovsky Eliahu , Brzezinski Amnon , Levinsky Reuven , Ohel Gonen 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFetal Movement (FM) rate was evaluated in cases of symmetrical and asymmetrical intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and was compared to the FM rate in normal pregnancy. In the 25–36th week of gestation there was a significant decrease of FM rate in both groups of IUGR which was more pronounced in the symmetrical group. Also shown, was a gradual trend of increase of the FM rate with advancing gestational age in both groups of IUGR. Cases of asymmetrical IUGR were noted, who had markedly decreased FM until cessation. In this group of IUGR decreased FM demands prompt hospitalization and fetal heart rate monitoring so that possible respiratory failure and impending fetal death can be detected.
Methoxyflurane hepatitis: Two cases following obstetric analgesia
Authors: Delia Julian E. , Maxson Wayne S. , Breen James L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMethoxyflurane is utilized in obstetrics for analgesia during labor. It has been recognized as an unpredictable hepatotoxin. Although hepatitis has been seen after its use in anesthesia, only one case of hepatitis has been reported after its use for analgesia in labor. Two more cases of hepatitis following methoxyflurane analgesia are reported. Direct toxic effects of its metabolites and host idiosyncracy may underlie the hepatic injury from methoxyflurane.
Reproductive hormone profiles in regularly menstruating sundanese women
Authors: El Sheikh M.A.A. , Molloy B.G. , Chapman C. , Glass M.R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractVenous blood samples were taken daily from 21 regularly menstruating Sudanese women throughout one complete menstrual cycle. FSH, LH, estradiol‐17β and progesterone were assayed in all plasma samples and normal reference ranges were thus established. Fifteen subjects had a luteal phase of more than 12 days whilst in 3 subjects it was shorter. Two subjects were found to be hyperprolactinemic and one had an anovulatory cycle with an elevated LH. The plasma concentrations of estradiol‐17β in the follicular phase and progesterone in the luteal phase were significantly lower in subjects with short luteal phase than in those with a luteal phase of more than 12 days. The hormonal profile of FSH, LH, estradiol‐17β and progesterone throughout a normal menstrual cycle in regularly menstruating Sudanese women was similar to what has been reported in the literature for other ethnic groups.