bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The complementary nature of manufacturing goals by their relationship to throughput time: A theory of internal variability of production systems
Authors: Wacker John G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study argues that major manufacturing goals are compatible due to their relationships with internal throughput time which, in turn, depends upon estimated parameters. Further, this study argues that a large percentage of the internal throughput time is caused by variable move, queue, or preventive maintenance policies that introduce uncertainty into the manufacturing system, requiring internal buffer inventories to accumulate in the queue and increase throughput time. The increase in throughput time decreases production performance by creating higher inventories and lower productivity and a general decrease in the manufacturing performance.The results of this study suggest that internal variability of throughput time is caused by both variability of move times and processing time. Further, processing variability can be improved by lower rework time and lower down time, both of which may be achieved by systematic preventive maintenance programs.The results also suggest the protection of the “technical core” from demand variations is necessary for modern just‐in‐time systems. Further, they suggest that if the technical core is not protected, internal buffer queues may develop and further worsen system performance by increasing costs and decreasing on‐time delivery.This study's results support common practitioner concern about quality and its relationship to the success of just‐in‐time systems. In short, this study provides a theoretical base that justifies the results of other studies and practitioners' experiences with modern production facilities.
Alternative master production scheduling techniques in an assemble‐to‐order environment
Authors: King Barry E. , Benton W.C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe manufacturer's ability to respond quickly and with great flexibility is crucial. The future belongs to the manufacturer of high tech, high‐value products who can compress not only component and assembly process times, but design and tooling cycles as well. Master production scheduling provides a road map for production requirements.This article reports the results of a simulation study that compares alternative procedures for determining master production scheduling (MPS) techniques utilizing the superbill and covering set MPS. The performance criterion for the study is the available‐to‐promise (ATP) lead time (customer service). The results of the simulation experiment support the superiority of the superbill technique over the covering set technique in terms of customer service. The penalty associated with using the more efficient covering set technique as an alternative to the well known superbill technique is a significant decline in customer service. However, covering sets have computational advantages that must be considered, especially when the MPS procedures have to be repeated routinely. Finally areas for future research are suggested. It is especially important that a trade‐off between the customer service and manufacturing flexibility be investigated.
A procedure for dealing with multiple objectives in cell formation decisions
Authors: Frazier Gregory V. , Gaither Norman , Olson David 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA procedure for dealing with multiple objectives in cell formation decisions is proposed. Theoretical foundations from multiobjective decision making have been utilized to provide a framework for the study. The purpose of the study is to develop a procedure that provides managers with a means of developing multiple objective cell formation decisions as an alternative to intractable integer programming models. We use a best of random seeds heuristic to generate a large number of alternatives. Nondominated solution theory is used to develop a list of potentially useful alternatives. Finally, preference cone theory is used to aid decision maker selection from these nondominated alternatives. Each of these three technologies have been developed elsewhere. This study considers aspects of applying these technologies to cell formation decisions. The procedure and its theoretical underpinnings are explained step‐by‐step and illustrated in a four‐objective, four‐cell, 24‐machine, and 50‐part cell formation problem. The example contains 12 nondominated solutions and requires only four pairwise comparisons of nondominated solutions by a decision maker before convergence to the preferred solution. Computer processing requirements are not burdensome, and decision maker participation is expected to be efficient.
A conceptual model for demand management in the assemble‐to‐order environment
Authors: Kern Gary M. , Guerrero Hector H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe term demand management encompasses the activities required to accept customer orders and promise them productive capacity. This activity is central to effective manufacturing planning and control. The popularity of just‐in‐time systems suggests that manufacturers are steadily losing authority for establishing order delivery dates, further confounding the demand management process. No reported research has suggested how this process can be performed.This paper presents a rigorous description of the demand management process in the assemble‐to‐order environment, as a mathematical model. The description provided in this model should be viewed as an initial attempt to define the complex challenges that arise in dealing with demand management on an operational level. The focus of this model is short‐term decision making involved in controlling demand management—accepting orders and dispatching capacity to fill the orders.The problem is presented in the context of the assemble‐to‐order environment which requires the monitoring of both a final assembly schedule and a master production schedule. The factors involved in effective decision making for demand management including capacity availability, relative costs, and the relative timing of prospective customer orders are discussed. A simple example is presented to illustrate the performance of the mathematical model.
An effective mixed‐model assembly line sequencing heuristic for just‐in‐time production systems
Authors: Ding Fong‐Yuen , Cheng Liping 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe commonly accepted objective of sequencing a mixed‐model assembly line for a Just‐In‐Time (JIT) production system is to keep part usage rates at the assembly line close to constant. Sumichrast and Russell evaluated four existing sequencing methods and showed that the best method in achieving this objective is Miltenburg's algorithm 3 using heuristic 2 (M‐A3H2).This paper presents a much simpler heuristic procedure compared to M‐A3H2. The experiment on 9 problem sets conducted by Sumichrast and Russell is repeated for the new heuristic procedure and M‐A3H2. The results show that the new heuristic procedure is as good as M‐A3H2 in solution quality regarding the mean squared and absolute deviations and much more efficient in computation time. It is further noticed that the computation time required by M‐A3H2 increases much faster than the new heuristic procedure as the number of products increases. Nevertheless, the most important benefit of this new heuristic procedure is its simplicity which should make it very desirable for practitioners.
American and European manufacturing practices: An analytical framework and comparisons
Authors: Vastag Gyula , Whybark D.Clay 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a general analytical framework for making bilateral comparisons of manufacturing practices. The approach suggests a grouping of the data, defines a conservative test called a pure regional effect, and matches the data types to the appropriate statistical tests. The methodology is used to compare manufacturing practices in North America with those in Western Europe using data compiled by the Global Manufacturing Research Group. The broad hypothesis tested is that the two regions are more similar than different. For the two industries studied (small machine tools and nonfashion textiles), this hypothesis holds. Fewer than 10% of the 119 variables investigated have a significant pure regional effect. This suggests that the lack of success of joint ventures between North American and European firms must be attributed to factors other than differences in manufacturing practices. These variables for which significant effects were found reflect differences in external orientation, asset utilization and the management of details. Despite the overall similarities, differences in these factors could be important for American Managers contemplating partnerships with European companies.
Cognitive patterns in subtypes of schizophrenia
Authors: Brazo P. , Marié R.M. , Halbecq I. , Benali K. , Segard L. , Delamillieure P. , Langlois-Théry S. , Van Der Elst A. , Thibaut F. , Petit M. , Dollfus S. 
Published: October 2002

SummaryAimBecause of the heterogeneity of schizophrenia, this study researched different cognitive patterns in distinct subtypes of schizophrenic patients.MethodsThirty-five Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM IV) schizophrenic patients and 35 healthy controls were included. Patients were categorized into deficit, disorganized and positive subtypes with the schedule for the deficit syndrome (SDS) and the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). Executive/attentional functions were assessed with the modified card sorting test (MCST), a test of verbal fluency, the trail making test (TMT) and the Stroop color-word test (Stroop test). Episodic memory was explored through the California verbal learning test (CVLT).ResultsThe positive subtype had some executive/attentional (fluency and Stroop tests) and mnesic performances in the normal range, suggesting the preservation of good cognitive skills. In contrast, the deficit and disorganized subtypes had major mnesic and executive/attentional dysfunctions compared to healthy subjects. The deficit subtype compared to the control group performed predominantly worse on the MCST and fluency, whereas the disorganized subtype had the lowest scores on the TMT and the Stroop test.ConclusionThis study showed distinct cognitive patterns in deficit, disorganized and positive patients in comparison with the controls, suggesting a heterogeneous cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Forces on particles in oscillatory boundary layers
Authors: FISCHER PAUL F. , LEAF GARY K. , RESTREPO JUAN M. 
Published: October 2002

The lift and drag forces on an isolated particle resulting from an oscillating wall-
bounded flow, are approximated using direct numerical simulation and extrapolation
techniques. We also confirm the existence of anomalies in the lift force, which arise
from the interaction of the vortical field with the particle. Anomalies can also occur
for computational reasons and these are discussed as well.This study was motivated by a long-standing question about the importance of lift
forces in the dynamics of sediments in oceanic settings. To answer this question we
use the numerically generated data as well as extrapolations to compute the ratio
of the lift to buoyancy forces on a particle. This analysis suggests that for particles
and oceanic conditions typical of the nearshore, the lift force can play a role in the
dynamics of sedimentary beds.
Microvascular Cell Death in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats During Experimental Inflammation
Authors: MUN KYO C. , DELANO FRANK A. , TRAN EDWARD D. , SCHMID‐SCHÖNBEIN GEERT W. 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTObjective: Chronic hypertension is associated with an increased risk for tissue injury that may be mediated in part by endothelium and inflammatory cells. To clarify a possible underlying mechanisms, we examined leukocyte migration in the microcirculation and concomitant parenchymal cell death.Methods: The mesentery of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and their normotensive controls, Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, was examined with digital fluorescence microscopy after topical stimulation with an inflammatory mediator (f‐met‐leu‐phe, 10−8M). The migratory pathways of individual leukocytes were traced, and at the same time cell death was detected by use of a life‐death indicator (propidium iodide) over a period of 3 hours.Results: Both WKY and SHR had a progressively increasing number of leukocytes migrating across the endothelium in postcapillary venules into the tissue parenchyma. But parenchymal cell death was detected in a random pattern in the mesentery tissue, without correlation to the migratory positions of the leukocytes. Although mature SHR rats (about 17 weeks) exhibited the same level of cell death as age‐matched WKY rats, older WKY rats (about 30 weeks) had significantly lower levels of cell death, whereas the SHR rats maintained the same number of parenchymal cell death as mature animals.Conclusions: These results suggest that in the presence of an inflammatory mediator, the SHR may exhibit a stronger response to an inflammatory mediator than normotensive WKY rats in a fashion that is age, but not blood pressure, dependent. Parenchymal cell death does not correlate with migration of activated leukocytes at the microvascular level.
Persistence of Impaired Hepatic Microcirculation After Nonarterialized Liver Transplantation in the Rat
Authors: TAWADROUS MICHAEL N. , ZIMMERMANN ARTHUR , ZHANG XING‐YI , WHEATLEY ANTONY M. 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTObjectives: The nonarterialized orthotopic rat liver transplant (NOLT) is a frequently used model in transplantation research that was recently used to investigate microcirculatory alterations during acute rejection, which occurs within 7 days. The present study sought to establish whether NOLT represents a reasonable model for the study of the hepatic microcirculation beyond the immediate reperfusion phase.Methods: Three groups of animals were studied: sham‐operated control (n= 8), NOLT (n= 7) and arterialized orthotopic liver transplant (AOLT; n= 8). The hepatic microcirculation was investigated by intravital fluorescence microscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) on day 7 postoperatively. Liver histology and plasma levels of liver enzymes were also assessed.Results: Plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and bilirubin were significantly higher in NOLT than in AOLT and control animals. The low LDF signal recorded from the surface of the NOLT liver (92 ± 25 vs. 210 ± 25 and 172 ± 14 PU in AOLT and control liver, respectively; p < 0.05) was associated with heterogeneous perfusion at both the lobular and sinusoidal levels (density of perfused sinusoids (n/40,000 µm2): 5.8 ± 0.8, 8.1 ± 0.3, 8.0 ± 0.3, respectively; p < 0.05). The percentage of hyperfluorescent Ho342‐stained hepatocytes (apoptotic) ranged between 2 and 5% and was not significantly different between groups. The lack of post‐transplant arterial supply was associated with an increased hepatic cord width‐to‐sinusoid diameter ratio (3.77 ± 0.3, 2.02 ± 0.04, and 1.72 ± 0.06 in NOLT, AOLT, and control animals, respectively; p < 0.001 vs. control and AOLT) and increased temporary leukocyte adherence to the walls of the terminal hepatic venules. Intense vitamin A autofluorescence around shunt‐ and large‐diameter, slow‐velocity vessels was occasionally encountered in the NOLT liver, which coincided with mild fibrosis and bile ductular proliferation. In the well‐perfused areas, both AOLT and NOLT were associated with a significant rise in sinusoidal RBCvel, which was more marked in the NOLT group.Conclusions: Our data indicate that NOLT represents an inappropriate model for the long‐term study of the hepatic microcirculation. Lack of a post‐transplant arterial supply may lead to persistent microvascular perfusion failure, hepatocellular/endothelial cell swelling, and microvascular anomalies related to bile duct injury. Recovery from microcirculatory alterations induced by cold preservation/reperfusion injury appears to depend on an intact hepatic arterial blood supply.
Early Salt Stress Effects on the Changes in Chemical Composition in Leaves of Ice Plant and Arabidopsis. A Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Yang Jyisy , Yen Hungchen E. 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
A technique based on Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry was developed to detect the corresponding changes in chemical composition associated with the rapid changes in sodium and water content in 200 mm NaCl-stressed halophyte ice plants (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum). The changes in glycophyte Arabidopsis stressed with 50 mm NaCl were also examined for comparison. The obtained IR spectra were further processed by deconvolution and curve fitting to examine the chemical nature of the responding sources in the leaves. Using three stages of ice plant leaves, absorption bands corresponding to carbohydrates, cell wall pectin, and proteins were identified, with distinct IR spectra representing each developmental stage. Within 48 h of mild salt stress, the absorption band intensities in the fingerprint region increased continuously in both plants, suggesting that the carbon assimilation was not affected at the early stage of stress. The intensities of ester and amide I absorption bands decreased slightly in Arabidopsis but increased in ice plant, suggesting that the cell expansion and protein synthesis ceased in Arabidopsis but continued in ice plant. In both plants, the shift in amide I absorption band was observed hourly after salt stress, indicating a rapid conformational change of cellular proteins. Analyses of the ratio between major and minor amide I absorption band revealed that ice plant was able to maintain a higher-ordered form of proteins under stress. Furthermore, the changes in protein conformation showed a positive correlation to the leaf sodium contents in ice plant, but not in Arabidopsis.
A Comparison of Oligogalacturonide- and Auxin-Induced Extracellular Alkalinization and Growth Responses in Roots of Intact Cucumber Seedlings
Authors: Spiro Mark D. , Bowers Jonathan F. , Cosgrove Daniel J. 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Oligogalacturonic acid (OGA) affects plant growth and development in an antagonistic manner to that of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the mechanism by which remains to be determined. This study describes the relationship between IAA and OGA activity in intact cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings. Both OGA and IAA induced rapid and transient extracellular alkalinization; however, the characteristics of the OGA and IAA responses differed in their kinetics, magnitude, calcium dependence, and region of the root in which they induced their maximal response. IAA (1 μm) induced a saturating alkalinization response of approximately 0.2 pH unit and a rapid reduction (approximately 80%) in root growth that only partially recovered over 20 h. OGAs, specifically those with a degree of polymerization of 10 to 13, induced a maximal alkalinization response of 0.48 pH unit, but OGA treatment did not alter root growth. Saturating concentrations of OGA did not block IAA-induced alkalinization or the initial IAA-induced inhibition of root growth but allowed IAA-treated roots to recover their initial growth rate within 270 min. IAA-induced alkalinization occurs primarily in the growing apical region of the root, whereas OGA induced its maximal response in the basal region of the root. This study demonstrates that OGA and IAA act by distinct mechanisms and that OGA does not simply act by inhibition of IAA action. These results also suggest that IAA-induced extracellular alkalinization is not sufficient to account for the mechanism by which IAA inhibits root growth.
Tomato Plants Ectopically Expressing Arabidopsis CBF1 Show Enhanced Resistance to Water Deficit Stress
Authors: Hsieh Tsai-Hung , Lee Jent-turn , Charng Yee-yung , Chan Ming-Tsair 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
A DNA cassette containing an Arabidopsis C repeat/dehydration-responsive element binding factor 1 (CBF1) cDNA and a nos terminator, driven by a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, was transformed into the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) genome. These transgenic tomato plants were more resistant to water deficit stress than the wild-type plants. The transgenic plants exhibited growth retardation by showing dwarf phenotype, and the fruit and seed numbers and fresh weight of the transgenic tomato plants were apparently less than those of the wild-type plants. Exogenous gibberellic acid treatment reversed the growth retardation and enhanced growth of transgenic tomato plants, but did not affect the level of water deficit resistance. The stomata of the transgenic CBF1 tomato plants closed more rapidly than the wild type after water deficit treatment with or without gibberellic acid pretreatment. The transgenic tomato plants contained higher levels of Pro than those of the wild-type plants under normal or water deficit conditions. Subtractive hybridization was used to isolate the responsive genes to heterologousCBF1 in transgenic tomato plants and theCAT1 (CATALASE1) was characterized. Catalase activity increased, and hydrogen peroxide concentration decreased in transgenic tomato plants compared with the wild-type plants with or without water deficit stress. These results indicated that the heterologous Arabidopsis CBF1 can confer water deficit resistance in transgenic tomato plants.
The COBRA Family of Putative GPI-Anchored Proteins in Arabidopsis. A New Fellowship in Expansion
Authors: Roudier François , Schindelman Gary , DeSalle Rob , Benfey Philip N. 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Identification of regulatory molecules that determine the extent and direction of expansion is necessary to understand how cell morphogenesis is controlled in plants. We recently identifiedCOB (COBRA) as a key regulator of the orientation of cell expansion in the root. Analysis of the Arabidopsis genome sequence indicated that COB belongs to a multigene family consisting of 12 members, all predicted to encode glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. All but two of theCOBL (COB-like) genes are expressed in most organs examined, suggesting possible redundancy. Sequence comparisons, phylogenetic analyses, and exon-intron positions revealed that the COB family is composed of two main subgroups sharing a common architecture, one subgroup being characterized by an additional N-terminal domain. Identification of expressed sequence tags corresponding to potential orthologs in other plant species suggested that COB-related functions are required in all vascular plants. Together, these results indicate that COB family members are likely to be important new players at the plasma membrane-cell wall interface.