bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accretion theory of `spontaneous' rotation in toroidal plasmas
Authors: B. Coppi  
Published: August 2002

The accretion theory of `spontaneous' toroidal rotation connects this phenomenon to the energy and particle transport properties of the plasma column and to the relevant collective modes. The consequent prediction that an inversion of the velocity direction in the transition from the H to the L regime should occur has been verified by the experiments. The theory is consistent also with the observation that the velocity is depressed when a peaked density profile appears as a result of a transport barrier. The fact that the rotation velocity increases with the total energy content is explained by the fact that the inflow of angular momentum, whose source is at the edge of the plasma column, results from the excitation of modes driven by the plasma pressure gradient. A quasi-linear derivation of the angular momentum transport produced by these modes, whose novel feature is the inflow, is given. A model of the relevant (transport) equation that can be easily solved is discussed. Fluctuations at the edge of the plasma column are considered responsible for the scattering out of confinement of particles that transfer to the surrounding material wall angular momentum in the same direction as that of the phase velocity of the prevalent modes. Thus the fact that the plasma rotates in the direction of the ion diamagnetic velocity in the H regime, when the prevalent modes are expected to have phase velocity in the direction of the electron diamagnetic velocity, can be explained. The rate of rotation decrease observed when the plasma current is increased is also justified.
Children's memory for emergency medical treatment after one year: the impact of individual difference variables on recall and suggestibility
Authors: Burgwyn‐Bailes Elaine , Baker‐Ward Lynne , Gordon Betty N. , Ornstein Peter A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study explores the impact of individual difference variables on children's recall and suggestibility when they discuss a stressful personal experience. It was hypothesized that some differences in social factors, including child self concept and parenting style, would be associated with variations in the way children related their experiences. Participants were 24 3‐ to 7‐year‐old children who sustained facial lacerations requiring minor medical emergency treatment by a plastic surgeon. The children were interviewed about their surgeries on three occasions: a few days, 6 weeks and 1 year after the experience. A number of individual difference measures were administered to the children and their parents at the time of the first two interviews. The results support the hypothesis that there are individual difference variables that may help to explain some of the variability in children's recall and suggestibility. Younger children with poorer receptive language skills and children of more traditional parents recalled less total information about their surgeries after one year. Child traditionalism, achievement‐motivation and social avoidance, as assessed by use of the Eder Self‐View Questionnaire, made a difference in suggestibility at the initial interview, but not at subsequent memory assessments. The results are interpreted as suggesting that both the demand characteristics of the interview and the strength of the memory trace are important in understanding the effects of individual difference variables in memory performance. Implications for child testimony are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber/reclaimed rubber—nylon fiber composite
Authors: Sreeja T. D. , Kutty S. K. N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effect of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI)–polyethyleneglycol (PEG) resin on the cure characteristics and mechanical properties of nitrile rubber/whole tyre reclaim—short nylon fiber composite—was studied. At a constant loading of 5 phr, the resin composition was varied. The minimum torque and (maximum − minimum) torque increased with isocyanate concentration. Scorch time and cure time showed a reduction on introduction of bonding agent. Properties like tensile strength, tear strength, and abrasion resistance increased with increase in MDI/PEG ratio, and these properties are higher in the longitudinal direction of fiber orientation. Compression set increased with isocyanate concentration and the resilience remain unchanged. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 20: 281–288, 2001
Role of the microenvironment in promoting angiogenesis in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Litwin Craig , Leong Kevin G. , Zapf Richard , Sutherland Heather , Naiman Sheldon C. , Karsan Aly 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAngiogenesis is a crucial event in the survival and progression of solid tumors. To determine whether angiogenesis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an intrinsic property of leukemic cells, the vascularity of bone marrow biopsies was determined. Bone marrow vascularity in newly diagnosed or post‐chemotherapy AML patients was increased 4‐fold (P < 0.01) and 8.7‐fold (P < 0.01), respectively, relative to controls. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression by AML blast cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and bone marrow cell supernatants were assayed for secretion of VEGF, fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2), and endostatin by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Diffuse cytoplasmic and strong extracellular VEGF immunoreactivity was seen in bone marrow aspirates from AML patients, but not controls. In contrast, there was no difference in the levels of VEGF, FGF‐2, and endostatin secreted by mononuclear cells cultured from bone marrows of AML patients compared to normal controls following two days of culture in vitro. Total angiogenic potential of bone marrow cell supernatants was assessed by endothelial sprouting in vitro and by a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. No differences were found between 2‐day conditioned medium from normal and AML bone marrow mononuclear cells in either assay. Our data show a discrepancy between bone marrow vascularity and VEGF expression in vivo and VEGF expression and angiogenesis from 2‐day conditioned medium ex vivo. This suggests that angiogenesis in AML likely represents a response to microenvironmental factors in vivo, rather than being an intrinsic property of leukemic cells. Am. J. Hematol. 70:22–30, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Results of an outpatient‐based stem cell allotransplant program using nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens
Authors: Ruiz‐Argüelles Guillermo J. , Gómez‐Almaguer David , Ruiz‐Argüelles Alejandro , González‐Llano Oscar , Cantú Olga G. , Jaime‐Pérez José C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing non‐myeloablative, immunosuppressive, fludarabine (FLU)‐based conditioning regimens, we have performed allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplants in 26 patients (8 with chronic myelogenous leukemia, 6 with acute myelogenous leukemia, 10 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 1 with myelodysplasia, and 1 with thalassemia major). Conditioning consisted of FLU/busulphan/cyclophosphamide/cyclosporin‐A (CyA)/methotrexate, or FLU/melphalan/CyA/methotrexate. The median granulocyte recovery time to 0.5 × 109/l was 11 days, whereas the median platelet recovery time to 20 × 109/l was 12 days. Twelve patients did not need red blood cell transfusions, and 8 did not need platelet transfusions. In 21 individuals (81%), the procedure could be completed fully on an outpatient basis. Follow‐up times range between 30 and 600 days: one patient failed to engraft and recovered endogenous hemopoiesis; six out of 26 patients developed acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) whereas 7/22 developed chronic GVHD. Twelve patients (46%) have died, nine of them with a relapsing disease and three with GVHD; median post‐transplant survival (SV) was 300 days, whereas the 12‐month SV was 42%. The 100‐day mortality was 3.8% and the transplant‐related mortality was 11.5%. This procedure is substantially less costly than its counterpart, using in‐hospital myeloablative conditioning regimens, and it may represent another approach in the management of patients requiring an allogeneic stem cell transplant. Am. J. Hematol. 66:241–244, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retrospective review of the management of elective surgery with desmopressin and clotting factor concentrates in patients with von Willebrand disease
Authors: Nitu‐Whalley Ioana C. , Griffioen Anja , Harrington Chris , Lee Christine A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLimited data are available regarding optimal treatment with desmopressin (DDAVP) or intermediate‐purity FVIII concentrates rich in VWF (CFCs) in patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) who undergo planned surgery. We undertook a retrospective review over 10 years (1988–1997) and identified 27 patients treated with DDAVP for 35 surgical events and 38 patients who received CFCs for 68 elective surgical events. Tranexamic acid was usually added for mucosal surgery. The FVIII:C levels and the severity of surgery were used to determine the frequency and the doses of postoperative treatment. For major surgery the median pre‐ and post‐operative doses of CFCs were 54 and 43 IU/kg, respectively, and for minor surgery the median doses varied between 34 and 52 IU/kg preoperatively and between 23 and 37 IU/kg postoperatively. The effectiveness of haemostasis was excellent in 32 events (91%) treated with DDAVP and in 56 events (82%) treated with CFCs. It is concluded that patients with VWD do not carry an increased operative risk if appropriate therapy is given. Am. J. Hematol. 66:280–284, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
p53, Mdm2, and c‐Myc overexpression is associated with a poor prognosis in aggressive non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas
Authors: Pagnano Katia B.B. , Vassallo Jose , Lorand‐Metze Irene , Costa Fernando F. , Saad Sara T.O. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe expression of p53, p21/WAF‐1, Mdm2, c‐Myc, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) proteins was examined by the immunohistochemistry of paraffin‐embedded tissues of 62 patients with aggressive non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and correlated to clinical data. Expression of p53, p21/WAF‐1, Mdm2, and c‐Myc protein was observed in 17 out of 62 cases (30%), 25 out of 60 (42%), 13 out of 44 (30%), and 39 out of 51 (76.5%), respectively. The p53+/p21WAF‐1 phenotype, which is more frequently found in p53 mutations, was associated with a worse overall survival (P = 0.04) and with a lower rate of complete response (CR) (PF = 0.01). p53 and c‐Myc negative expression was related to a better response to chemotherapy (PF = 0.005 and 0.035, respectively). The expression of p53, c‐Myc, and Mdm2 was related to a shortened overall survival (P < 0.001, 0.05, and 0.037, respectively), suggesting that the expression of these proteins could be associated with a poor outcome in these patients. Am. J. Hematol. 67:84–92, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serratus anterior paralysis as an occupational injury in scaffolders: Two case reports
Authors: Elders L.A.M. , Van der Meché F.G.A. , Burdorf Alex 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundShoulder complaints in scaffolders are very common and may result in permanent disability.MethodsWe present two case reports of patients who developed acute shoulder complaints. After lifting weights up to 50 kg both patients suffered an isolated lesion of the long thoracic nerve resulting in serratus anterior paralysis.ResultsPhysical signs are unilateral winging of the scapula and loss of strength in the arm. A combined effect of pressure and stretching of the nerve resulted in an occupational injury with a different prognosis of reversibility in both patients.ConclusionShoulder pads in the overall and limiting the weight to carry may prevent future injuries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:710–713, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc
Daytime trapezius muscle activity and shoulder‐neck pain of service workers with work stress and low biomechanical exposure
Authors: Holte Kari Anne , Westgaard Rolf H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAimThe study aims to look for an association between trapezius muscle activity and shoulder–neck pain in work situations characterized by work stress and low biomechanical exposure.MethodsFemale subjects (n = 93) were recruited from four occupational groups: health care, shop assistants, banking, and university secretaries. Thirty‐eight workers were interviewed and classified as pain‐afflicted by their shoulder–neck pain score in the last 6 months; 55 were pain‐free. Shoulder–neck pain, bodily state of tension and fatigue, and subjective exposure assessments were monitored by repeated hourly measurements over 24 hr. Trapezius muscle activity was recorded bilaterally by surface EMG.ResultsShoulder–neck pain, perceived tension, work stress (“stressful environment”), and mental fatigue was augmented over the workday and reduced leisure time. Physical fatigue was low and stable. Thus, work stress appeared to be the dominant exposure associated with shoulder‐neck pain. Muscle activity was low and similar for pain‐afflicted and pain‐free subjects during working hours. It was unchanged from work to leisure for the pain‐afflicted workers and was significantly reduced for the pain‐free group.ConclusionsStress‐induced shoulder and neck pain is not necessarily associated with elevated trapezius muscle activity, but pain‐free workers may benefit from better muscle relaxation in leisure. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:393–405, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No association between the WNT2 gene and autistic disorder
Authors: McCoy Pinky A. , Shao Yujun , Wolpert Chantelle M. , Donnelly Shannon L. , Ashley‐Koch Allison , Abel Heidi L. , Ravan Sarah A. , Abramson Ruth K. , Wright Harry H. , DeLong G. Robert , Cuccaro Michael L. , Gilbert John R. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAutistic disorder is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in language and social communication, as well as stereotyped patterns of behavior. Peak LOD scores from several genomic screening efforts indicate the presence of an autistic disorder susceptibility locus within the distal long arm of human chromosome 7 (7q31‐q35). Wassink et al. [2001: Am J Med Genet 105:406–413] reported that WNT2, located at 7q31, influences genetic risk in autistic disorder. These findings were enhanced when examined in a subset of families with severe language impairment. WNT genes encode secreted growth factor–like proteins that participate in growth regulation, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. We tested for genetic association of two WNT2 variants in an independent data set of 135 singleton and 82 multiplex families. No significant association was found between autistic disorder and the WNT2 genotypes in either the overall data set or in the language‐impaired subset of families. However, differences in allele frequencies of the 3′ UTR single nucleotide polymorphism between the present population and that of Wassink et al. may account for the inability to detect association between WNT2 and autistic disorder in the present data set. We also screened the two reported autistic disorder mutations previously detected by Wassink et al. We did not identify any activating mutation in the coding region of the WNT2 gene. Thus, we conclude that activating mutations of the WNT2 gene are not a major contributor to the development of autistic disorder in these data. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of dysmorphic features in schizophrenia
Authors: Scutt L.E. , Chow E.W.C. , Weksberg R. , Honer W.G. , Bassett Anne S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCongenital dysmorphic features are prevalent in schizophrenia and may reflect underlying neurodevelopmental abnormalities. A cluster analysis approach delineating patterns of dysmorphic features has been used in genetics to classify individuals into more etiologically homogeneous subgroups. In the present study, this approach was applied to schizophrenia, using a sample with a suspected genetic syndrome as a testable model. Subjects (n = 159) with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were ascertained from chronic patient populations (random, n = 123) or referred with possible 22q11 deletion syndrome (referred, n = 36). All subjects were evaluated for presence or absence of 70 reliably assessed dysmorphic features, which were used in a three‐step cluster analysis. The analysis produced four major clusters with different patterns of dysmorphic features. Significant between–cluster differences were found for rates of 37 dysmorphic features (P < 0.05), median number of dysmorphic features (P = 0.0001), and validating features not used in the cluster analysis: mild mental retardation (P = 0.001) and congenital heart defects (P = 0.002). Two clusters (1 and 4) appeared to represent more developmental subgroups of schizophrenia with elevated rates of dysmorphic features and validating features. Cluster 1 (n = 27) comprised mostly referred subjects. Cluster 4 (n = 18) had a different pattern of dysmorphic features; one subject had a mosaic Turner syndrome variant. Two other clusters had lower rates and patterns of features consistent with those found in previous studies of schizophrenia. Delineating patterns of dysmorphic features may help identify subgroups that could represent neurodevelopmental forms of schizophrenia with more homogeneous origins. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association studies of the HOPA dodecamer duplication variant in different subtypes of autism
Authors: Beyer Kim S. , Klauck Sabine M. , Benner Axel , Poustka Fritz , Poustka Annemarie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe HOPA gene in Xq13 is coding for a protein involved in a nuclear thyroid receptor complex. Previous studies suggested association of the dodecamer duplication in the OPA‐repeat region in exon 43 (according to the genomic database sequence) with autism, mental retardation, and schizophrenia/hypothyroidism. We determined the frequency of this 12 bp duplication variant in a sample of 155 patients divided in different subtypes of autism, 278 parents of those patients, and 157 control individuals. The allele frequency of the duplication variant was not significantly different between autistic patients, their parents, and the control group. Therefore, it is unlikely that this 12 bp duplication variant of the HOPA gene has major relevance to the susceptibility to different subtypes of autism at least in this German patient sample. In addition, we identified a third variant with a 15 bp deletion in the OPA‐repeat region, recently described by another group, in one autistic patient. This third allele was also present in the patient's nonautistic mother and sister, who are heterozygous for this variant, but could not be detected in any other individual genotyped in this study. Expression analysis revealed transcription of all three allelic variants in lymphoblastoid cell lines. Furthermore, we identified a new splice variant that utilizes an additional 9 bp of the 3′ intron subsequent to exon 39. Both alternative transcripts are coexpressed in all fetal and adult tissues examined. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diet and health changes at the end of the Chinese neolithic: The Yangshao/Longshan transition in Shaanxi province
Authors: Pechenkina Ekaterina A. , Benfer Robert A. , Zhijun Wang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper we discuss diet and health changes of millet agriculturists in Northern China, Shaanxi province, during the period 7,000–4,000 BP. An episode of intensive climatic oscillations that preceded the onset of colder climate circa the fifth millennium BP divides the period (Shi et al. [1993] Global Planet. Change 7:219–233). The onset of the cooler climate marks the decline of the egalitarian society of Yangshao and the rise of the chiefdom‐like society of Longshan.Skeletal materials from the two sites of Beiliu and Jiangzhai are from the earlier phases of Yangshao culture (7,000–6,000 BP), while remains from the Shijia site were excavated from the terminal phase of Yangshao culture (6,000–5,000 BP), a phase that would be expected to show adjustments to strong climatic fluctuations. Human remains from the Longshan culture (5,000–4,000, BP) were found at the Kangjia site. In order to investigate whether the trajectory of diet and health changes persisted beyond the Longshan, a skeletal sample from the Xicun site of the Western Zhao Dynastic period (3,800–2,200 BP) is included in our analyses.All Yangshao sites in our study are characterized by low frequencies of anemia and carious lesions. Some subsistence changes probably occurred during the later phase of Yangshao culture that resulted in elevated masticatory stress and occlusal macrowear among the Shijia people. However, deterioration of community health did not begin until the Longshan, when increased occurrence of porotic hyperostosis and caries is accompanied by decreased adult stature. The transition to softer, more extensively processed food during Longshan is evident in decreased rates of occlusal wear. Increased population density and diminished food values were most likely responsible for these changes. Poor health persisted into the subsequent Dynastic period of Western Zhao. Am J Phys Anthropol 117:15–36, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A picture of tuberculosis in young Portuguese people in the early 20th century: A multidisciplinary study of the skeletal and historical evidence
Authors: Santos Ana Luísa , Roberts Charlotte A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the evidence, and consider the differential diagnosis, for tuberculosis (TB) in juvenile individuals from early 20th century documented skeletons. There are 66 male and female juvenile individuals in the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection (CISC) with an age at death ranging from 7–21 years. The individuals died between 1904–1936 in different areas of Coimbra, Portugal. Eighteen of these individuals died from TB affecting different parts of the body. Thirteen (72.2%) showed skeletal lesions that may be related to this infection. Of the 48 individuals with a non‐tuberculous cause of death, only 2 (4.2%) had skeletal changes that could be attributed to TB. The distribution of skeletal manifestations caused by the types of TB under study, based on macroscopic and radiological findings, is described and discussed. In addition, the medical records from 6 tuberculous individuals who died in Coimbra University Hospital (CUH) were analysed, and the information, including their diet and access to treatment, is presented. This work, based on data arising before antibiotics became available for treatment, can contribute to the future diagnosis of TB in non‐documented skeletal material, and will facilitate a more reliable diagnosis of TB in juvenile individuals. Am J Phys Anthropol 115:38–49, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.