bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease): An immunohistochemical and enzyme‐histochemical study of the hyaline‐vascular form of lesion
Authors: Jones E. L. , Crocker J. , Gregory J. , Guibarra Mary , Curran R. C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTissues from five cases of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia have been studied. All had the histological structure of the hyaline‐vascular type of lesion; large numbers of very compact lymphoid follicles were distributed evenly throughout a highly vascular tissue. The follicles were characterized by their small size, a vascular poorly cellular and frequently hyalinized centre, and a ‘tight’ concentric mantle of small lymphocytes arranged in layers producing an ‘onion‐skin’ appearance. The interfollicular tissue was characterized by the large numbers of small vessels mainly hyalinized capillaries and a few high endothelial venules and the presence of variable numbers of lymphocytes, plasma cells, immunocytes and immunoblasts. The immunoperoxidase method demonstrated polytypic cytoplasmic immunoglobulin in the small numbers of centroblasts and plasma cells within the follicle centres and in the plasma cells and immunocytes in the interfollicular tissue. Large numbers of suppressor T cells were present in the interfollicular areas and only scattered helper T cells were seen within the lymphocyte mantles. A strong reaction for factor VIII‐related antigen was seen in the endothelium of the interfollicular high endothelial venules but only a weak reaction in the vessels in the follicle centres. A concentric distribution pattern of the dendritic reticulum cells was seen with the metalophil impregnation method of Marshall and with the enzyme histochemical methods for acid α‐naphthyl acetate esterase and 5′‐nucleotidase. This pattern differs from the zonal distribution of these cells seen in reactive lymphoid follicles. The nature and possible pathogenesis of AFLNH are discussed and contrasted with reactive hyperplasia.
The role of cell injury and the continuing inflammatory response in the generation of silicotic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Bowden D. H. , Adamson I. Y. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe pathogenesis of silicosis involves interaction between pulmonary macrophages and fibroblasts. The consequences of direct injury to pulmonary cells and the role of inflammatory cells other than the macrophage have received little attention. These were studied over a 20 week period after instilling silica to mice by correlating the changing inflammatory response, as revealed by bronchoalveolar lavage and lung sections, with the cellular location of silica particles and the development and resolution of granulomatous lesions. Within 24 h, a massive concentration of particles and PMN was seen in centrilobular locations with acute focal necrosis of type 1 epithelial cells. Rapid epithelial repair occurred but PMN were recovered from the lung up to 20 weeks. In the alveoli, silica was ingested by PMN and AM, resulting in the death of some cells; free particles crossed the epithelium and were found predominantly in peribronchial macrophages. Silicotic granulomas formed within a week and consisted mainly of fibroblasts macrophages and some PMN. It is suggested that the necrosis of type 1 epithelium and the continuing efflux with serial destruction of PMN may be important factors in the generation of silicotic fibrosis.
Endothelial cell changes in acute hepatitis. A light and electron microscopic study
Authors: Bardadin K. A. , Scheuer P. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHepatic endothelial cells were studied by light and electron microscopy in 48 patients with acute hepatitis due to virus infection or drug idiosyncrasy. Light microscopy revealed cell swelling and appearance of dense refractile intracytoplasmic granules staining with the amylase PAS reaction and for iron by Perls' method. They were orcein‐negative. These cells, regarded as ‘activated’ endothelial cells, were found throughout the parenchyma, especially in the classical form of acute hepatitis. In acute hepatitis with bridging, panacinar or periportal necrosis, activated endothelial cells were prominent in the necrotic areas. They were constantly seen lining newly formed capillaries in these sites. By electron microscopy, the intracytoplasmic granules had the characteristics of primary or secondary siderosomes. In areas of capillarization, basement membrane material was seen on the aspect of the activated cells facing the space of Disse. Activated endothelial cells may play a part in protecting hepatocytes from injury.
Metalophil histiocytes in non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas particularly in malignant proliferations of B‐lymphocytes
Authors: van Unnik J. A. M. , de Weger R. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe metalophil method for the demonstration of histiocytes was applied to 108 non‐Hodgkin lymphomas diagnosed according to the Kiel classification. In 41 lymphomas the presence of histiocytes was assessed with the aid of the non‐specific esterase reaction. The same procedures were performed on 12 lymph nodes with follicular hyperplasia and/or sinus histiocytosis. The number of histiocytes was estimated and graded from 0 to 3. A good correlation between the two methods was found. Dendritic histiocytes were typically absent in lymphocytic lymphomas (CLL type). The follicles were clearly delineated by the distribution of dendritic histiocytes in follicular centroblastic/centrocytic lymphomas. In diffuse centrocytic lymphomas a small to moderate number of siender dendritic histiocytes was seen (grades 1–2). In lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytoid lymphomas and in diffuse centroblastic/centrocytic malignant lymphoma the majority showed a great number of pleomorphic dendritic histiocytes (grade 3). In high‐grade malignant lymphomas (centroblastic, immunoblastic and lymphoblastic categories) either a high to moderate number of pleomorphic dendritic histiocytes was found or they were totally absent. The lack of histiocytes in centroblastic lymphomas was especially noteworthy. It is proposed that dendritic histiocytes proliferate or are attracted in malignant lymphomas by the presence of centrocytes, especially in combination with centroblasts and by the presence of plasmacytoid cells or their precursors. The frequent absence of dendritic histiocytes in high‐grade malignant lymphomas may alternatively be explained by the loss of physiological properties in less differentiated cells.
Ischaemic changes in human mesenteric lymph nodes
Authors: Mahy N. J. , Davies J. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLymph node lesions attributable to ischaemia are described in the mesenteric nodes from 10 patients with volvulus of the small and large bowel. Frank infarction, the microanatomy of which differs from that seen in superficial lymph nodes, is one of the nodal lesions evoked by ischaemia. Two others in the form of lymphocyte depletion and capsular hypervascularity also appear to result from vascular occlusion. These three lesions were also found in nodes associated with ‘primary’ venous and arterial infarction of the bowel mucosa, but not in non‐vascular diseases of the small bowel or colon. The enhanced frequency of infarction in volvulus with mucosal necrosis, as opposed to cases with ‘primary’ vascular thromboses suggest that ischaemic lymph node changes are more frequent when several sets of vessels are occluded. Distension of lymph hode sinuses, erythrocyte extravasation, and dilatation of small intranodal vessels were not restricted to vascular cases, and appear to be less specific reactions to ischaemia. The range of ischaemia‐induced reactions is wider than has hitherto been recognized in human lymph nodes.
Histogenesis of adenomatoid tumour associated to pseudofibromatous periorchitis in an infant with hydrocele
Authors: Nistal M. , Paniagua R. , Fuentes Elena , Regadera J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn 18‐month‐old infant with recurrent congenital hydrocele presented with a mass in the caput epididymis. The tumour and several fragments of the tunica vaginalis were removed and studied by light and electron microscopy. The tumour showed the characteristic histological pattern of an adenomatoid tumour of mesothelial origin. The histological appearance of the tunica vaginalis was not uniform; some areas resembled the adenomatoid tumour to the epididymis, others exhibited histological and ultrastructural features of a haemangioma, whilst elsewhere, the two patterns were intermingled. Finally, areas of pseudofibromatous periorchitis with vascular proliferation and slit‐like structures lined by mesothelial cells were recognized. These features suggest that the adenomatoid tumour originated from a localized reactive process with inflammation and vascular proliferation enclosing occasional slit‐like structures originating from the mesothelial lining of the tunica vaginalis. Subsequent regression of vascular proliferation and inflammatory infiltration and continued mesothelial proliferation would give rise to the typical mesothelial pattern of adenomatoid tumour.
Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of lobular carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Nesland J. M. , Holm R. , Johannessen J. V. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwenty cases of infiltrating lobular carcinoma (12 of classical type, five of trabecular type and three of alveolar type) and one case of lobular carcinoma in situ were studied by transmission electron microscopy. The in situ component in three of the infiltrating carcinomas was also studied. The ultrastructure of the tumour cells in the alveolar variant of infiltrating lobular carcinoma was the same as seen in the tumour cells of lobular carcinoma in situ. The tumour cells in infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the classical and trabecular types had more irregular nuclei and were more organelle‐ and filament‐rich. Immunohistochemical staining for the presence of α‐lactalbumin, casein, prekeratin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was done. The presence of α‐lactalbumin was proved in 19 per cent of the cases, casein 81 per cent, CEA in 65 per cent and prekeratin in 90 per cent. The light microscopic separation of some subgroups of infiltrating lobular carcinoma may be difficult, in particular the distinction between the classical and the trabecular variants. Unfortunately, our study shows that these distinctions cannot easily be made either by electron microscopy or by light microscopic immunohistochemistry with antibodies against prekeratin, CEA, casein and α‐lactalbumin.
Sex cord‐stromal tumours of the ovary
Authors: Fox H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe aim of this review is to give a reasonably concise resumé of our knowledge of the sex cord‐stromal tumours of the ovary. Lipoid cell tumours of the ovary are often included within this broad category but this poorly defined and heterogenous group of neoplasms will not be considered here. This review is a selective one and no attempt is made to cover all aspects of sex cord‐stromal tumours or to provide a complete bibliography. The histological features of many of the neoplasms in this group, particularly those which have been recently defined, are discussed but a consideration of differential histological diagnosis is excluded. The ultrastructural characteristics of the various neoplasms are considered only in terms of their relevance to histogenesis or metabolic activity.
Copper toxicosis and tolerance in the rat. I‐changes in copper content of the liver and kidney
Authors: Haywood Susan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRats can tolerate toxic copper diets; the extent of this adaptation and the changes that take place in the liver and kidney with respect to copper are studied. Rats were fed diets containing 3000–6000 mg/kg copper for 15 weeks and groups were killed at regular intervals. Their livers and kidneys were examined for pathological changes and for their copper content. Liver copper rose rapidly in the 3000 mg/kg trial to 4780 £ 636 μg/g copper between 4 and 5 weeks with marked liver damage. Stainable copper protein was present at 2 weeks in the hepatocytes but had disappeared by 5 weeks. Liver copper subsequently fell with recovery by 15 weeks. Kidney copper rose to plateau from 4 weeks. Stainable copper protein was present from 2 weeks in the cells of the proximal tubules and was apparently excreted. Tubular necrosis occurred at 4–5 weeks followed by regeneration. In the 6000 mg/kg trial the toxicosis was prolonged. Copper toxicosis in the rat can be a temporary phenomenon during the transformation of copper protein synthesis in the liver from a stainable to a non stainable form. Adaptation occurs after the removal of excess liver copper, facilitated probably by renal excretion, and the animals become tolerant.
The distribution of ceroid in human atherosclerosis
Authors: Mitchinson M. J. , Hothersall Deborah C. , Brooks P. N. , De Burbure Claire Y. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIt has been suggested that macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques oxidize the lipid they contain, leading to necrosis in the plaque. Over 200 human aortic and coronary atherosclerotic plaques from 102 human necropsy subjects aged between 5 and 88 were, therefore, examined histologically for the presence of insoluble lipid (ceroid), thought to be a product of lipid oxidation. Ceroid was present in all the plaques but not in areas of diffuse intimal thickening. In early lesions the insoluble lipid was within membrane‐bound vesicles in macrophage‐like cells, many showing characteristic ring structures suggesting that membrane‐associated oxidative systems might be responsible for rendering the lipid insoluble. Staining was increased by an oxidizing agent and abolished by a reducing agent. It is suggested that this distribution supports the concept of lipid oxidation by macrophages within the plaque.
Immunohistochemical studies of c‐reactive protein and apolipoprotein b in inflammatory and arterial lesions
Authors: Rowe I. F. , Walker Louise N. , Bowyer D. E. , Soutar Anne K. , Smith L. C. , Pepys M. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractInteractions in vivo between C‐reactive protein (CRP) and apolipoprotein B (apoB)‐containing lipoproteins were sought in inflammatory lesions and atherosclerosis. CRP was demonstrated immunohistochemically on the surface of some muscle fibres in locally induced inflammatory lesions in the rabbit, but apoB was not detected in the same distribution. CRP was not detected in catheter‐induced aortic endothelial injuries in the rabbit, in arterial lesions containing apoB from cholesterol‐fed rabbits, in apoB‐containing human fatty streaks or in advanced human atherosclerotic lesions.
Serotonin in fore‐gut carcinoids. A survey of 60 cases with regard to silver stains, formalin‐induced fluorescence and serotonin immunocytochemistry
Authors: Wilander E. , Lundqvist M. , El‐Salhy M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA series of 60 fore‐gut carcinoid tumours was examined with regard to serotonin content after application of three different techniques, namely: the argentaffin reaction, formalin‐induced fluorescence according to Falck‐Hillarp and immunocytochemistry with monoclonal antibodies to serotonin. To evaluate the staining‐fluorescence of individual tumour cells, the methods were applied to identical tumour sections. Twelve tumours demonstrated serotonin‐immunoreactive cells, six of which were also argentaffin. Four tumours contained argentaffin cells but no serotonin immunoreactivity. With the use of all three techniques, three types of tumour cells occurred, namely: (1) serotonin‐immunoreactive, non‐argentaffin and non‐fluorescent cells, (2) serotonin‐immunoreactive, argentaffin and fluorescent cells, and (3) non‐serotonin immunoreactive, argentaffin and non‐fluorescent cells. The first (serotonin‐immunoreactive) cell type was most frequently found in the tumours. One gastric carcinoid in which the argentaffin cells exceeded the serotonin‐immunoreactive cells, a positive reaction was found with the modified Warthin‐Starry reaction for demonstrating melanin. Since none of the techniques used for visualization of serotonin in endocrine tumours is unquestionably specific and since they do not give identical results, it is indicated that for a more accurate identification of serotonin in fore‐gut carcinoid tumours, a positive reaction with at least two of the applied techniques is desirable.
Surface membrane phenotypic expression and treatment response of malignant lymphomas
Authors: Lauder I. , Bird C. C. , Child J. A. , Grigor I. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCryopreserved lymphoid tissue has been used from 113 patients for an analysis of cell surface membrane phenotypes using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Dual heavy chain expression was common in many B‐cell malignant lymphomas and in the B‐cell lymphomas as a whole there was a predominance of lambda light chains. The expression of lambda light chain was associated with a poorer response to treatment and there was a tendency for such tumours to fall into the high grade lymphoma category. Surface membrane heavy chain expression, as assessed by staining intensity, was greatest in the lymphomas composed mostly of centrocytes and IgD expression was reduced in high grade lymphomas. The ratio of helper to suppressor T‐cells was reduced in centroblastic and immunoblastic lymphomas. In Hodgkin's disease a predominance of T‐cells was found in most instances although the series included a large proportion of nodular sclerosis cases.
The binding of peroxidase‐labelled lectins to human breast epithelium. IV—the reactivity of breast carcinomas to peanut, soy bean and Dolichos biflorus agglutinins
Authors: Walker Rosemary A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe binding of the lectins from peanut, soy bean and Dolichos biflorus (specific for galactose and/or N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine), to human breast carcinomas has been investigated. In contrast to the consistent pattern found in normal breast the reactivity of carcinomas to peanut lectin is varied, the most striking differences being prominent binding without desialation in some tumours and virtual lack of reactivity in others. There tends to be a greater degree of binding of soy bean agglutinin to carcinomas than normal although this is not absolute, and the reverse applies to Dolichos biflorus agglutinin. Comparison of the binding of the three lectins has revealed a complex heterogeneity of the carbohydrate chains within individual tumours and between different carcinomas. A significant relationship between peanut lectin binding, with the use of neuraminidase, and tumour differentiation has been found, and to a lesser extent with soy bean agglutinin when desialation is performed. However, the pattern of reactivity of the carcinomas with these three lectins does not appear to be related to local lymph node metastasis.
Cell proliferation within Bowman's capsule in mice
Authors: Morley A. R. , Wheeler Janice 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCrescentic glomerulonephritis in man, irrespective of aetiology, indicates severe glomerular damage and carries a poor prognosis. The importance of the presence of macrophages in the development of glomerular crescents is well established, but the contribution of cellular proliferation in both macrophages and epithelial cells has received little attention. The purpose of this investigation was to develop a model of crescentic glomerulonephritis in mice, which will be suitable for cell kinetic studies. Preliminary studies are described, involving immunization with rabbit anti‐mouse glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antiserum after pre‐immunization with rabbit immunoglobulin G, both with and without treatment with a fibrinolytic inhibitor, Cyklokapron. Extensive glomerular damage, with crescent formation, was induced with four daily intravenous injections of rabbit anti‐mouse GBM antiserum, after pre‐immunization with rabbit IgG. The effect was shown to be dose dependant and was seen within 3 days of the last injection. Linear deposits of rabbit IgG were detected in all glomeruli by immunofluorescence and both linear and granular deposits of mouse IgG were also found. There was a significant increase in glomerular size and in the numbers of cells in Bowman's capsule (P < 0.01), and increases in mitotic indices to 0·8 per cent were seen by day 13.
Monoclonal antibodies specific for subsets of epidermal keratins: Biochemical and immunocytochemical characterization—applications in pathology and cell culture
Authors: Knight Jennifer , Gusterson Barry , Jones Robin Russell , Landells William , Wilson Patricia 
Published: June 2005

AbstractKeratin composition has been widely used as a biochemical marker of differentiation in normal epithelia, cell culture systems and tumours of epithelial tissues. We have been developing a model system for the study of human squamous epithelial cell differentiation, and among a panel of monoclonal antibodies we have generated for analysing this system are two antibodies recognizing subsets of epidermal keratins. The two antibodies, designated LICR‐LON‐16a and LICR‐LON‐29b, were raised to the human squamous carcinoma cell line LICR‐LON‐HN‐5, and we describe here their biochemical and immunocytochemical characterization. Antibody 16a reacts with only epidermal basal cells in normal human skin and shows specificity for the 45 and 46 kdalton keratins. Antibody 29b stains all living layers of the epidermis, and reacts with a broad range of ketain polypeptides, (45–56 kdaltons) in immunoblotting analyses. We have investigated the alterations of cellular staining that occur in chronic hyperproliferative skin diseases and carcinomas and compared this with the staining of multilayered cultures of normal keratinocytes and the HN‐5 cell line. We show that in squamous cell carcinomas and in HN‐5 cell xenografts 16a and 29b stain only the well‐differentiated cell types. Furthermore we found that the basal cell specificity of 16a was lost in all of the hyper‐proliferative skin lesions examined including psoriasis and eczema. This transition to suprabasal staining pattern was also seen in the cultures of normal keratinocytes and HN‐5 cells. We conclude that aberrant keratin synthesis or abnormal post‐translational processing of keratins associated with an increased rate of cell turnover could account for the altered expression of the epitope recognized by antibody 16a.