bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
p27Kip1 is expressed in proliferating cells in its form phosphorylated on threonine 187
Authors: Troncone Giancarlo , Martinez Juan C , Iaccarino Antonino , Zeppa Pio , Caleo Alessia , Russo Maria , Migliaccio Ilenia , Motti Maria L , Califano Daniela , Palmieri Emiliano A , Palombini Lucio 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Background
G1/S cell cycle progression requires p27Kip1 (p27) proteolysis, which is triggered by its phosphorylation on threonine (Thr) 187. Since its levels are abundant in quiescent and scarce in cycling cells, p27 is an approved marker for quiescent cells, extensively used in histopathology and cancer research.

Methods
However here we showed that by using a specific phosphorylation site (pThr187) antibody, p27 is detectable also in proliferative compartments of normal, dysplastic and neoplastic tissues.

Results
In fact, whereas un-phosphorylated p27 and MIB-1 showed a significant inverse correlation (Spearman R = -0.55; p < 0,001), pThr187-p27 was positively and significantly correlated with MIB-1 expression (Spearman R = 0.88; p < 0,001). Thus proliferating cells only stain for pThr187-p27, whereas they are un-reactive with the regular p27 antibodies. However increasing the sensitivity of the immunocytochemistry (ICH) by the use of an ultra sensitive detection system based on tiramide signal amplification, simultaneous expression and colocalisation of both forms of p27 was shown in proliferating compartments nuclei by double immunofluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopy studies.

Conclusion
Overall, our data suggest that p27 expression also occurs in proliferating cells compartments and the combined use of both regular and phospho- p27 antibodies is suggested.
The relationships between depression and other outcomes of chronic illness caregiving
Authors: Tsai Pao-Feng , Jirovec Mary M 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Background
Many caregivers with chronically ill relatives suffer from depression. However, the relationship of depression to other outcomes of chronic caregiving remains unclear. This study tested a hypothesized model which proposed that hours of care, stressful life events, social support, age and gender would predict caregivers' outcomes through perceived caregiver stress. Depression was expected to mediate the relationship between perceived stress and outcomes of chronic caregiving (physical function, self-esteem, and marital satisfaction).

Methods
The sample for this secondary data analysis consisted of 236 and 271 subjects from the Americans' Changing Lives, Wave 1, 1986, and Wave 2, 1989, data sets. Measures were constructed from the original study. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model, and an exploratory structural modeling method, specification search, was used to develop a data-derived model. Cross-validation was used to verify the paths among variables.

Results
Hours of care, age, and gender predicted caregivers' outcomes directly or through perceived caregiver stress (p < .01). Depression mediated the relationship between perceived stress and psychological outcomes and explained 40% and 11% of the variance in self-esteem and marital satisfaction, respectively.

Conclusion
Depression predicted psychological outcomes. Whether depression predicts physical health outcomes needs to be further explored.
Ageing and the immune system in vivo: commentary on the 16th session of British Society for Immunology Annual Congress, Harrogate, December 2004
Authors: Aspinall Richard 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The problems associated with the ageing immune system coupled with possible solutions were discussed recently at the British Society for Immunology Annual Congress in Harrogate in December 2004. The session "Ageing and the Immune System in vivo" dealt in details with the immune risk phenotype and the potential methods of reversing the problems of an ageing immune system. This is a commentary on that session.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors modulate metalloproteinase gene expression in chondrocytes and block cartilage resorption
Authors: Young David A , Lakey Rachel L , Pennington Caroline J , Jones Debra , Kevorkian Lara , Edwards Dylan R , Cawston Timothy E , Clark Ian M 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCartilage destruction in the arthritides is thought to be mediated by two main enzyme families: the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are responsible for cartilage collagen breakdown, and enzymes from the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain with thrombospondin motifs) family mediate cartilage aggrecan loss. Many genes subject to transcriptional control are regulated, at least in part, by modifications to chromatin, including acetylation of histones. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors on the expression of metalloproteinase genes in chondrocytes and to explore the potential of these inhibitors as chondroprotective agents. The effects of HDAC inhibitors on cartilage degradation were assessed using a bovine nasal cartilage explant assay. The expression and activity of metalloproteinases was measured using real-time RT-PCR, western blot, gelatin zymography, and collagenase activity assays using both SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells and primary human chondrocytes. The HDAC inhibitors trichostatin A and sodium butyrate potently inhibit cartilage degradation in an explant assay. These compounds decrease the level of collagenolytic enzymes in explant-conditioned culture medium and also the activation of these enzymes. In cell culture, these effects are explained by the ability of HDAC inhibitors to block the induction of key MMPs (e.g. MMP-1 and MMP-13) by proinflammatory cytokines at both the mRNA and protein levels. The induction of aggrecan-degrading enzymes (e.g. ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, and ADAMTS9) is also inhibited at the mRNA level. HDAC inhibitors may therefore be novel chondroprotective therapeutic agents in arthritis by virtue of their ability to inhibit the expression of destructive metalloproteinases by chondrocytes.
Serendipitous discovery of Wolbachia genomes in multiple Drosophilaspecies
Authors: Salzberg Steven L , Hotopp Julie C Dunning , Delcher Arthur L , Pop Mihai , Smith Douglas R , Eisen Michael B , Nelson William C 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Background
The Trace Archive is a repository for the raw, unanalyzed data generated by large-scale genome sequencing projects. The existence of this data offers scientists the possibility of discovering additional genomic sequences beyond those originally sequenced. In particular, if the source DNA for a sequencing project came from a species that was colonized by another organism, then the project may yield substantial amounts of genomic DNA, including near-complete genomes, from the symbiotic or parasitic organism.

Results
By searching the publicly available repository of DNA sequencing trace data, we discovered three new species of the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis in three different species of fruit fly: Drosophila ananassae, D. simulans, and D. mojavensis. We extracted all sequences with partial matches to a previously sequenced Wolbachia strain and assembled those sequences using customized software. For one of the three new species, the data recovered were sufficient to produce an assembly that covers more than 95% of the genome; for a second species the data produce the equivalent of a 'light shotgun' sampling of the genome, covering an estimated 75-80% of the genome; and for the third species the data cover approximately 6-7% of the genome.

Conclusions
The results of this study reveal an unexpected benefit of depositing raw data in a central genome sequence repository: new species can be discovered within this data. The differences between these three new Wolbachia genomes and the previously sequenced strain revealed numerous rearrangements and insertions within each lineage and hundreds of novel genes. The three new genomes, with annotation, have been deposited in GenBank.
Differential capability for phagocytosis of apoptotic and necrotic leukemia cells by human peripheral blood dendritic cell subsets
Authors: Dalgaard Jakob , Beckstrøm Karen J , Jahnsen Frode L , Brinchmann Jan E 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCD11c+ dendritic cells (DC) and plasmacytoid DC (PDC) are the two major DC subsets in human peripheral blood. For the purpose of immunotherapy with DC, it is important to investigate the phagocytosis of killed tumor cells by different DC subsets. Using immature monocyte-derived DC (iMoDC) as reference, we have compared the ability of CD11c+ DC and PDC to phagocytose apoptotic and necrotic K562 leukemia cells. Freshly isolated CD11c+ DC phagocytosed apoptotic and necrotic K562 cells, whereas PDC did not show any evidence of uptake of dead cells. Blocking studies showed that CD36 is importantly involved in uptake of apoptotic and necrotic material. CD91 and CD11c were also involved. In addition, we found that β5 integrin was expressed on CD11c+ DC but not in its classical association with αV. Uptake of apoptotic K562 cells by CD11c+ DC was increased following incubation with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4, alone or in combination with transforming growth factor-β1, to levels comparable with those observed for iMoDC. Phagocytosis of dead cellular material by the GM-CSF/IL-4-treated CD11c+ DC was largely restricted to a subset expressing low levels of human leukocyte antigen-DR and CD83. Thus, the relationship between phagocytosis of antigenic material and expression of maturation-related cell-surface molecules is similar for CD11c+ DC and MoDC. We conclude that CD11c+ DC in peripheral blood are precursor cells, which under the influence of cytokines, differentiate to cells with DC phenotype and function.
Effect of perfusionist technique on cerebral embolization during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Rodriguez Rosendo A , Williams Kathryn A , Babaev Andrei , Rubens Fraser , Nathan Howard J 
Published: February 2005

Objective: To determine the association between high-intensity transient signals (HITS) and perfusionist interventions, purging techniques, pump flows and venous reservoir blood volume levels during cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: Transcranial Doppler was used to detect HITS in the middle cerebral artery during the period of aortic crossclamping in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Perfusionist-related interventions were recorded and included blood sampling (including the number of times that the oxygenator sampling manifold was purged), drug bolus injections and infusions (vasopressors, crystalloid and mannitol). Pump flows and venous reservoir volume levels were also documented. Results: There were 534 interventions in 90 patients [median number of interventions per patient: 6 (quartiles: 4, 8)]. The median total HITS count from all interventions was 17 (5, 37). This represented 38% of the total HITS counts during aortic crossclamping. Factors contributing to differences in the HITS count included type of intervention ( p<0.0001) and perfusionist (p=0.0012). Blood sampling ( p<0.001) and drug bolus injections (p=0.06) had higher HITS counts per patient than infusions. Repetitive purging significantly increased HITS counts (r=0.74; p<0.001). Purging perfusionists (purging: 1 - 10 times) had higher HITS counts per patient [5 HITS (1, 15) than nonpurgers [0 HITS (0, 1) p<0.0001]. HITS counts were significantly correlated with reservoir volumes (r=-0.20, p=0.017) and pump flow rates (r=0.21, p=0.008). Reservoir volume levels ≤ 800 mL were associated with higher HITS counts per intervention [11 HITS (2, 27)] during blood sampling compared with higher volume levels [3 HITS (1, 10), p=0.001]. Conclusions: Cerebral emboli associated with perfusionist interventions can be minimized by not purging the sampling manifold, using continuous infusions rather than bolus injections, and maintaining high blood-volume levels (>800 mL) in the venous reservoir.
Platinum-Based Versus Non-Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of the Published Literature
Authors: D'Addario Giannicola , Pintilie Melania , Leighl Natasha B. , Feld Ronald , Cerny Thomas , Shepherd Frances A. 
Published: February 2005

Purpose This meta-analysis was performed to compare the activity, efficacy and toxicity of platinum-based versus non-platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Methods Randomized phase II and III clinical trials comparing first-line palliative platinum-based chemotherapy with the same regimen without platinum or with platinum replaced by a nonplatinum agent were identified by electronic searches of Medline, Embase, and Cancerlit, and hand searches of relevant abstract books and reference lists. Response rates, 1-year survival, and toxicity were analyzed. Subgroups of trials using third-generation agents were compared. Results Thirty-seven assessable trials were identified including 7,633 patients. A 62% increase in the odds ratio (OR) for response was attributable to platinum-based therapy (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.46 to 1.8; P < .0001). The 1-year survival rate was increased by 5% with platinum-based regimens (34% v 29%; OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.35; P = .0003). No statistically significant increase in 1-year survival was found when platinum therapies were compared to third-generation-based combination regimens (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.28; P = .17). The toxicity of platinum-based regimens was significantly higher for hematologic toxicity, nephrotoxicity, and nausea and vomiting, but not for neurotoxicity, febrile neutropenia rate, or toxic death rate. Conclusion Response is significantly higher with platinum-containing regimens. One-year survival was not significantly prolonged when platinum-based therapies were compared with third-generation-based combination regimens. Toxicity is generally higher for platinum-based regimens.
Vinorelbine Plus Cisplatin Versus Docetaxel Plus Gemcitabine in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase III Randomized Trial
Authors: Georgoulias Vassilis , Ardavanis Alexandros , Tsiafaki Xanthi , Agelidou Athina , Mixalopoulou Penelope , Anagnostopoulou Ourania , Ziotopoulos Panagiotis , Toubis Michael , Syrigos Kostas , Samaras Nikolaos , Polyzos Aris , Christou Anna , Kakolyris Stylianos , Kouroussis Charalambos , Androulakis Nikolaos , Samonis George , Chatzidaki Dora 
Published: February 2005

Purpose To compare the activity and tolerability of docetaxel/gemcitabine (DG) and vinorelbine/cisplatin (VC) combinations in chemotherapy-naïve non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Patients and Methods Patients with advanced NSCLC were randomly assigned to receive either DG (gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 [days 1 and 8] plus docetaxel 100 mg/m2 [day 8]) or VC (vinorelbine 30 mg/m2 [days 1 and 8] plus cisplatin 80 mg/m2 [day 8]) and prophylactic recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (150 μg/m2 subcutaneously [day 9 through 15]) every 3 weeks. Results A total of 413 randomly assigned patients were analyzed for response and toxicity (DG, n = 197; VC, n = 192). Median survival was 9.0 and 9.7 months (P = .965) for DG and VC arms, respectively; the corresponding 1-year survival rates were 34.3% and 40.8%, respectively. Overall response rate was 30% (95% CI, 23.9% to 36.3%) and 39.2% (95% CI, 32.5% to 45.9%; P = .053) for DG and VC, respectively. Toxicity was as follows (DG v VC): grade 2 to 4 anemia, 34% v 55% (P = .0001); grade 3 to 4 neutropenia, 16% v 37% (P = .0001); febrile neutropenia, 6% v 11% (P = .009); and grade 3 to 4 nausea and vomiting, 1% v 15% (P = .003). Nephrotoxicity occurred in 8% and ototoxicity in 2% of VC-treated patients. There were five and six treatment-related deaths in the DG and VC arms, respectively. Quality of life was improved in DG but not in VC patients. Conclusion Although the two regimens produced comparable overall survival, the DG regimen had a better toxicity profile. Therefore, DG could be used in the first-line setting of advanced NSCLC, especially for patients who cannot tolerate cisplatin.
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Clinical and Biological Characterization and Outcome According to the Nodal or Extranodal Primary Origin
Authors: López-Guillermo Armando , Colomo Luis , Jiménez Mónica , Bosch Francesc , Villamor Neus , Arenillas Leonor , Muntañola Ana , Montoto Silvia , Giné Eva , Colomer Dolors , Beà Silvia , Campo Elías , Montserrat Emili 
Published: February 2005

Purpose To study the main clinicobiologic features, response, and outcome of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) according to the primary site, lymph node, or different extranodal organs of the disease. Patients and Methods We included 382 patients consecutively diagnosed with DLBCL in a single institution during a 13-year period. Morphology, immunophenotyping, proliferation index, differentiation profile, bcl-2/JH rearrangement, and clinical characteristics were analyzed according to the primary site of the lymphoma. Results Sites of the disease were: lymph node, 222 cases (58%); Waldeyer's ring (WR), 42 (11%); and extranodal sites, 118 (31%), including GI tract in 45 cases. Primary extranodal cases, particularly GI, showed a bcl-6 expression more frequently than nodal cases. Patients with primary WR or GI lymphomas presented with early-stage disease, no marrow infiltration, normal serum lactate dehydrogenase, and low- to low/intermediate-risk international prognostic index (IPI) more frequently than the remainder. Complete response (CR) rate was 63%, with WR and GI lymphomas having a higher CR rate (85% and 80%, respectively) than the other groups. In the whole series, 5-year overall survival (OS) was 52%. Patients with WR or GI lymphomas showed better OS (5-year OS: 77% and 68%, respectively) than patients with nodal or other extranodal sites. In the multivariate analysis, IPI, bulky disease, and β2-microglobulin were the main variables to predict OS; no nodal or extranodal site maintained their prognostic value. Conclusion In the present series, the primary site of disease was associated with particular clinicopathologic features and outcome, though the latter largely depended on other factors.
A New One-pot Synthesis of α-Amino Phosphonates Catalyzed by Butyldimethyl(1-phenylethyl)ammonium Bromide
Authors: Reddy K Rosi , Reddy K Srinivasa , Reddy Ch Venkateshwar , Mahesh M , Raju P V K , Reddy V V Narayana 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Butyldimethyl(1-phenylethyl)ammonium bromide is found to be an efficient catalyst for the three-component reaction of an aldehyde, aromatic amine, and trimethylphosphite in refluxing CH2Cl2 to afford corresponding α-amino phosphonate in high yield.
Novel Unsymmetrical Achiral Banana-shaped Molecules Having Different Lengths of Alkyl Terminal Chains
Authors: Ogino Kumiko , Kang Sungmin , Doi Takayuki , Takahashi Takashi , Takezoe Hideo , Watanabe Junji 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
New unsymmetrical banana-shaped molecular series having different lengths of alkyl flexible chain on both side wings designated by “P-(n1, n2)-OPIMB”, are studied comparing with the symmetric banana molecules in P-n-O-PIMB homologues.
Antidepressant-Induced Sweating
Authors: Marcy Todd R , Britton Mark L 
Published: February 2005

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of excessive sweating probably caused by paroxetine, review the literature on antidepressant-induced sweating, and provide recommendations for the management of antidepressant-induced sweating. CASE SUMMARY: A 59-year-old white female presented to a pharmacist-staffed pharmacotherapy clinic with episodes of excessive sweating. The episodes occurred primarily on her head and back of the neck. Other etiologies were ruled out and paroxetine was discontinued. Paroxetine had been initiated at least 7 months prior to the reporting of symptoms. Sweating symptoms gradually improved until resolution 5 weeks following discontinuation of paroxetine. The Naranjo probability scale indicated a causal relationship is probable. DISCUSSION: Excessive sweating has been associated with antidepressants including tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, and venlafaxine. In some patients, these symptoms require therapeutic intervention such as dose reduction, antidepressant substitution, antidepressant discontinuation, or addition of an agent to control sweating. Agents that have been reported successful in controlling the sweating include benztropine and cyproheptadine. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend a patient-specific approach for the management of antidepressant-induced sweating. First, consider dose reduction or a trial off antidepressant medication. In patients in whom this is inappropriate or ineffective, substitution of another antidepressant should be considered. If episodes of excessive sweating persist, consider treatment of sweating symptoms with benztropine or cyproheptadine in the absence of contraindications.
Bucco‐Lingual Crestal Bone Changes After Immediate and Delayed Implant Placement
Authors: Covani Ugo , Bortolaia Claudia , Barone Antonio , Sbordone Ludovico 
Published: February 2005

Background: Implants placed immediately after tooth extraction offer several advantages, but many authors have reported problems in filling the residual gap between the implant and the socket walls. Barrier and grafting techniques have been tested and yield varying results, so it has been suggested that the timing of implant placement may be important for success. The aim of this study was to analyze bone healing and coronal bone remodeling around 35 implants, 20 placed immediately after tooth removal and 15 placed 6 to 8 weeks after extraction.Methods: All the implants were submerged and placed within the alveoli confines, leaving circumferential defects because the implants did not contact the bone at their coronal aspects; stabilization was achieved in the bone apically. After implant placement the mean distance from buccal bone to lingual bone was 10 mm (SD 1.522) for immediate implants and 8.86 mm (SD 2.356) for delayed implants. No membrane or filling materials were used. Primary flap closure was accomplished in all cases.Results: At second‐stage surgery all peri‐implant defects were filled, and the mean distance from buccal bone to lingual bone was 8.1 mm (SD 1.334) for immediate implants and 5.8 mm (SD 1.265) for delayed implants. This pattern of coronal bone remodeling, showing a narrowing of the bucco‐lingual width, was clinically similar for the two groups, although it should be noted that the delayed implants exhibited smaller bucco‐lingual bone width already at the first measurement: it can be speculated that early remodeling may start immediately after tooth extraction and continue, non‐uniformly, even after delayed implant placement.Conclusions: This study suggests that circumferential defects could heal clinically without any guided bone regeneration (GBR) in both experimental groups, and that the procedure was virtually free from complications in the postoperative period, probably because of the absence of barrier membranes and/or grafting materials. Histologically, periimplant defects of over 1.5 mm heal by connective tissue apposition, rather than by direct bone‐to‐implant contact, but clinically this healing may be very successful. No histological analysis was carried out in the present study, but even the largest residual gaps were filled with hard tissue that could not be probed. Thus, such outcomes can be considered clinically successful. The different rate of bone remodeling around immediate or delayed implants could have implications for the preferred timing of implant placement in sites of high esthetic concern. J Periodontol 2004;75:1605‐1612.