bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute whiplash-associated disorders (WAD): the effects of early mobilization and prognostic factors in long-term symptomatology
Authors: Söderlund Anne , Olerud Claes , Lindberg Per 
Published: August 2005

Objective: To compare two different home exercise programmes for patients with acute whiplash-associated disorders (WAD). A further aim was to describe the initial prognostic variables related to self-reported pain at six months follow-up. Design: A randomized treatment study with a follow-up period of six months. Settings: The study was undertaken in an orthopaedic clinic at a university hospital. Subjects: A total of 59 symptomatic (neck pain, stiffness, etc.) patients with acute whiplash injury. Interventions: Patients were randomized to a regular treatment group (RT group) and an additional-exercise treatment group (AT group). Main outcome measures: Pain Disability Index (PDI), Self-Efficacy Scale (SES), Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ), neck range of motion (ROM), head posture, kinaesthetic sensibility, visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: Patients given an additional exercise did not improve more than patients with regular treatment. Only one CSQ item, ‘Ability to decrease pain', showed a significant difference between the groups in its pattern of change over time: the AT group had a significant increase between three and six months whilst values in the RT group decreased. Nonsymptomatic patients at six months follow-up were characterized by initially better self-efficacy, lower disability and significantly different patterns in the use of ‘behavioural coping strategies' when compared with symptomatic patients. The nonsymptomatic patients also reported more frequent training than symptomatic patients, i.e. they complied better with the treatment regime. Conclusion: This home exercise programme, including training of neck and shoulder ROM, relaxation and general advice seems to be sufficient treatment for acute WAD patients when used on a daily basis. Additionally, patients reporting low self-efficacy and high disability levels may profit from more attention initially, as these psychological factors are significant predictors of pain at long-term follow-up.
Introduction of a new NHS electric-powered indoor/outdoor chair (EPIOC) service: benefits, risks and implications for prescribers
Authors: Frank A O , Ward J , Orwell N J , Mccullagh C , Belcher M 
Published: August 2005

Objective: To determine problems associated with electric-powered indoor/outdoor wheelchairs (EPIOCs) and the benefits perceived by their users. Design: Hospital-based cohort study of all patients referred over a 19-month period. Setting: Regional Wheelchair Service for North West London serving nine district wheelchair services. Subjects: Of the 174 subjects referred, 10 withdrew their application or were found to be unsuitable at screening, 164 were assessed and 124 were prescribed chairs. One hundred and thirteen subjects were interviewed by telephone four months after provision of the chair. Main measures: Demographic and diagnostic data; current chair usage; self-reported accidents and component faults were compared with those recorded in the unit records; new activities embarked on since delivery; and benefits reported for main carers. Results: Seventeen ‘mishaps’ were reported by 15 users including tipping from chairs (6) and falls during transfers (3). Three probably reflected mechanical failure. Component failure was found in 39% of EPIOCs, mostly affecting control boxes (22), frames (10) and footrests (10). New activities were undertaken by 56 (50%) users, usually shopping and visits to friends/family. Eighty-five per cent of users felt that the chairs made life easier for their informal carers through increased independence, reducing transfers and reduced need for ‘pushing’. Conclusions: The component failures and self-reported accidents (some potentially dangerous) have implications for the NHS, manufacturers, prescribers and users. EPIOCs enhance the independence of severely physically disabled individuals in the community and assist carers by lessening dependence and enhancing social interaction. This study demonstrated the need for follow-up of EPIOC users and chairs.
Knowledge about the Initial Presentation of Smallpox among Emergency Physicians in Washington, DC
Authors: Freed Howard A. , Milzman David , Freed Max 
Published: August 2005

Abstract Objectives: To assess the current knowledge of full‐time emergency physicians in Washington, DC, regarding the initial diagnosis of smallpox and the initial care of the patient with smallpox. Methods: A written true/false test was prepared based on information accessed from the current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Web site on smallpox. The 20‐question test was administered to full‐time emergency physicians practicing emergency medicine in all seven adult civilian hospitals in Washington, DC. Results: The overall response rate was 81% (52 of the 64 eligible full‐time emergency physicians). The average score was 59% correct. The facts most likely to be known were 1) that the symptoms of smallpox begin with a two‐ to four‐day prodrome of fever and myalgia (before the appearance of any rash), 2) that no antiviral treatment is of more proven value than vaccination of contacts, and 3) that a person with smallpox may be contagious before any rash appears (average, 90% correct). The facts least likely to be known were 1) that when dealing with a known case of smallpox, fit‐tested N95 masks are not needed by treating personnel if they have been vaccinated; 2) that the rash of smallpox begins with 24–48 hours of flat, erythematous macules (not papules or vesicles); and 3) that very typically the rash of smallpox begins in the mouth (average, 22% correct). Conclusions: Some facts from the current CDC Web site on smallpox are known by a large majority of full‐time emergency physicians in Washington, DC, whereas questions based on other facts were answered incorrectly by a majority of the physicians tested.
Intimate Partner Violence and Patient Screening across Medical Specialties
Authors: McCloskey Laura A. , Lichter Erika , Ganz Michael L. , Williams Corrine M. , Gerber Megan R. , Sege Robert , Stair Thomas , Herbert Barbara 
Published: August 2005

Abstract Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) across different medical specialties and health care sites in one metropolitan area, describe demographic characteristics of women with abusive partners, characterize health care provider assessment of IPV, and describe patient characteristics associated with health care assessment for partner violence. Methods: Women (N= 2,465) completed written surveys about partner violence and health care screening for violence in the waiting rooms of five types of health care settings (obstetrician/gynecologist office, emergency department, primary care office, pediatrics, and addiction recovery) across eight different hospitals in the greater Boston area. Results: The overall survey response rate was 62%. The 12‐month prevalence rate of IPV was 14%, with 37% disclosing lifetime prevalence. The highest rates of recent IPV were disclosed in the hospital‐based addiction recovery unit (36%) and in emergency departments (17%). Adjusted demographic risk characteristics for IPV included age (younger than 24 years), low income, and unemployment. Health care providers were more likely to discuss IPV with low‐income women than with middle‐ or high‐income women but were no more likely to assess violence within the youngest age group. Among women who disclosed abuse to their health care provider, 50% reported receiving direct interventions or services as a result. Conclusions: Using the same instrument and protocol, different rates of IPV and detection of IPV were found across medical departments, with the highest rates in emergency departments and an addiction recovery program. It is especially important for assessment of IPV to include young women who present to medical departments.
Alvimopan for the Management of Postoperative Ileus
Authors: Leslie John B 
Published: August 2005

OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, safety, dosage, and administration of alvimopan, a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonist, in the management of postoperative ileus (POI). DATA SOURCES: A literature search (1980–October 2004%) applying the terms alvimopan, ADL 8–2698, and LY246736 was conducted using MEDLINE. Information was also obtained from scientific congress abstracts and data on file with the manufacturer. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Studies and abstracts investigating alvimopan and POI were considered for inclusion; however, they were restricted to English-language articles. DATA SYNTHESIS: Alvimopan is a novel, peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonist that is currently under evaluation for the management of POI. POI presents significant clinical challenges that can delay patient recovery and contribute to increased morbidity and prolonged hospitalization after surgery. Clinical trials have demonstrated that alvimopan, at oral doses of 6 and 12 mg, can accelerate time to recovery of gastrointestinal (GI) function and time to hospital discharge following abdominal surgery. The incidence of adverse events with alvimopan therapy was shown to be similar to that of placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Alvimopan is well tolerated and effective at accelerating GI recovery and time to discharge in patients who have undergone bowel resection or hysterectomy when administered prior to surgery and twice daily thereafter until discharge or for up to 7 days. Alvimopan potentially offers significant benefits for patients with POI over currently available treatments.
Mechanism of Action of 4‐Hydroxymethyl‐1,6,8‐trimethylfuro[2,3‐h]quinolin‐2(1 H)‐one, a Very Active Angular Furocoumarin‐like Sensitizer
Authors: Marzano Cristina , Bettio Frazia , Chilin Adriana , Caffieri Sergio , Reddi Elena , Bordin Franco 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTThe molecular structure of 1,4,6,8‐tetramethylfuro[2,3‐h]quinolin‐2(1H)‐one (FQ), a recent furocoumarin‐like photosensitizer, has been modified with the aim of reducing its strong genotoxicity, by replacing the methyl group at 4 position with a hydroxymethyl one, and so obtaining 4‐hydroxymethyl‐1,6,8‐trimethylfuro[2,3‐h]quinolin‐2(1H)‐one (HOFQ). This modification gave rise to a strong reduction of lipophilicity and dark interaction with DNA. The formation of monoadducts (MA) was deeply affected, whereas the induction of bifunctional adducts between DNA and proteins (DPCL>0) was replaced by an efficient production of DNA–protein cross‐links at zero length (DPCL=0), probably via guanine damage. Because of its angular molecular structure, HOFQ does not form interstrand cross‐links (ISC): therefore, DPCL>0 and MA represent the main lesions induced by HOFQ in DNA. In comparison with FQ (which induces MA and DPCL>0) and 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP) (MA, ISC, DPCL>0), HOFQ seems to be a more selective agent. In fact, contrary to FQ and 8‐MOP, HOFQ, together with a noticeable antiproliferative activity, shows low levels of point mutations in bacteria and of clastogenic effects in mammalian cells. HOFQ is also an efficient apoptosis inducer, especially in comparison with 8‐MOP, when tested at equitoxic experimental conditions; this property might be correlated with the complete HOFQ inability of inducing skin erythemas, a well‐known side effect of classic furocoumarin photosensitization.
Vaccines Against Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer: Promises and Challenges
Authors: Mahdavi Ali , Monk Bradley J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractLearning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the epidemiology and pathogenesis of HPV and HPV-associated diseases.Explain the immune mechanisms relevant to the control of HPV infection.Describe vaccine strategies for the prevention and therapy of HPV infection and cervical dysplasia and/or cancer.Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.comCervical cancer and precancerous lesions of the genital tract are major threats to the health of women worldwide. The introduction of screening tests to detect cervical cancer precursor lesions has reduced cervical cancer rates in the developed world, but not in developing countries. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary etiologic agent of cervical cancer and dysplasia. Thus, cervical cancer and other HPV-associated malignancies might be prevented or treated by HPV vaccines. Two vaccine strategies have been developed. First, prevention of HPV infection through induction of capsid-specific neutralizing antibodies has been studied in clinical trials. However, because the capsid proteins are not expressed at detectable levels by infected basal keratinocytes or in HPV-transformed cells, a second approach of developing therapeutic vaccines by targeting nonstructural early viral antigens has also been developed. Because two HPV oncogenic proteins, E6 and E7, are critical to the induction and maintenance of cellular transformation and are coexpressed in the majority of HPV-containing carcinomas, most therapeutic vaccines target one or both of these gene products. A variety of approaches is being tested in therapeutic vaccine clinical trials, whereby E6 and/or E7 are administered in live vectors, as peptides or protein, in nucleic acid form, or in cell-based vaccines. The paradigm of preventing HPV infection through vaccination has been tested, and two vaccines are currently in phase III clinical trials. However, current therapeutic vaccine trials are less mature with respect to disease clearance. A number of approaches have shown significant therapeutic benefit in preclinical papillomavirus models and await testing in patient populations to determine the most effective curative strategy.
MPTP‐Induced Models of Parkinson's Disease in Mice and Non‐Human Primates
Authors: Visanji Naomi P. , Brotchie Jonathan M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe pro‐toxin 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is widely used to create animal models of Parkinson's disease. This unit describes protocols for the production of stable and substantial lesions in the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway of mice and non‐human primates. The models can be employed for assessing the neural mechanisms underlying the development of Parkinson's disease and for screening potential therapies for the treatment of this condition.
CFD simulation of UV photocatalytic reactors for air treatment
Authors: Taghipour Fariborz , Mohseni Madjid 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA photocatalytic reactor was simulated through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with surface reaction for trichloroethylene (TCE) oxidation at various pollutant concentrations, flow rates, and reactor lengths. The results were compared with those from experiments. The experimental work involved using a differential photoreactor for kinetics studies and an annular flow photoreactor for overall removal investigations under various conditions. The modeling predictions agreed closely with the experimental data within the range in which results were examined. The modeling results indicated significant radial TCE concentration gradient and nonuniform flow distributions in the annular photoreactor. CFD was applied to predict the performance of a number of UV photocatalytic reactor design concepts, to study the impacts of some design parameters on the reactor efficiency. The modeling results demonstrated that under similar flow rate conditions, the thickness of the contaminated air layer flowing over the photocatalyst surface could substantially influence the reactor performance. Thinner contaminated air layers provided more uniform radial concentration distribution of TCE and improved the reactor performance. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
The fiber‐coating model of biopharmaceutical depth filtration
Authors: Bolton Glen R. , LaCasse Daniel , Lazzara Matthew J. , Kuriyel Ralf 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDepth filters are often used in biotechnology processes to remove cell debris from cell culture solutions. A model of filter plugging was developed to allow predictions of required filter area from limited amounts of initial data. The filter microstructure was idealized as an assembly of randomly oriented, straight, cylindrical fibers. It was assumed that filters plug as solids coat the surfaces of fibers, making them thicker and reducing filter porosity and permeability. The Carman–Kozeny equation was used to allow calculation of filter permeability as a function of filter fiber radius, filter solid fraction, and volume filtered. An explicit equation for filtrate volume as a function of time during constant pressure operation was derived, and an explicit equation for pressure as a function of time during constant flow rate operation was derived. A second model that accounted for the combined effects of fiber coating and surface caking was also derived. The models were tested on data from a replica cell culture fluid filtered through a glass fiber based depth filter and data from E. coli lysate filtered through glass fiber and diatomaceous earth based depth filters. The fiber coating model provided good fits of the volume vs. time data and good predictions of filter capacity from limited initial data. The combined cake‐fiber coating model provided improved performance over the fiber coating model. The models are useful tools for sizing of depth filters for fermentation and cell culture applications and may be useful for other liquid and gas filter applications. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Genes encoding catalytic subunits of protein kinase a and risk of spina bifida
Authors: Zhu Huiping , Lu Wei , Laurent Cecile , Shaw Gary M. , Lammer Edward J. , Finnell Richard H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundPRKACA and PRKACB are genes encoding the cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunits alpha and beta, respectively. PKA is known to be involved in embryonic development, as it downregulates the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, which is critical to normal pattern formation and morphogenesis. The PKA‐deficient mouse model, which has only a single catalytic subunit, provided intriguing evidence demonstrating a relationship between decreased PKA activity and risk for posterior neural tube defects (NTDs) in the thoracic to sacral regions of gene‐knockout mice. Unlike most other mutant mouse models of NTDs, the PKA‐deficient mice develop spina bifida with 100% penetrance. We hypothesized that sequence variations in human genes encoding the catalytic subunits may alter the PKA activity and similarly increase the risk of spina bifida.METHODSWe sequenced the coding regions and the exon/intron boundaries of PRKACA and PRKACB. We also examined 3 common single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of these 2 genes by allele discrimination.RESULTSFive sequence variants in coding region and 2 intronic sequence variants proximal to exons were detected. None of the 3 SNPs examined in the association study appeared to be associated with substantially increased risk for spina bifida.CONCLUSIONSOur results did not reveal a strong association between these PKA SNPs and spina bifida risk. Nonetheless, it is important to examine the possible gene‐gene interactions between PRKACA and PRKACB when evaluating the risk for NTDs, as well as genes encoding regulatory subunits of PKA. In addition, interactions with other genes such as Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) should also be considered for future investigations. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation on the interaction between dihydroxybenzene and Fe3+–H2O2–Rh6G system based on enhancing chemiluminescence
Authors: He Deyong , Zhang Zhujun , He Chao 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA highly sensitive flow‐injection chemiluminescence (FI–CL) method has been developed for the determination of dihydroxybenzene, based on the hydroxyl radical reaction. Hydroxyl radical (·OH) produced by the reaction of Fe3+ and H2O2 oxidize rhodamine 6G to produce weak CL. It was observed that catechol and hydroquinone greatly enhanced the weak CL reaction. However, the proposed CL system is not suitable for determination of resorcinol because the enhancement reaction is very slow. The proposed procedure has a linear range of 0.01–2 mg/L for catechol, with a detection limit of 0.006 mg/L, and 0.008–1 mg/L for hydroquinone, with a detection limit of 0.004 mg/L. The possible mechanism of the CL system is discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomized clinical trial comparing primary closure with the Limberg flap in the treatment of primary sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease
Authors: Akca T , Colak T , Ustunsoy B , Kanik A , Aydin S 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
The purpose of the study was to compare the outcome of excision and primary closure with that of rhomboid excision and the Limberg flap procedure in patients with primary sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPD).

Methods
Two hundred consecutive patients with SPD were randomly allocated to undergo either excision and primary closure (group 1, n = 100) or rhomboid excision and the Limberg flap procedure (group 2, n = 100). Duration of operation, postoperative pain, time to first mobilization, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, time to resumption of work, recurrence and time to recurrence were recorded for all patients.

Results
Duration of operation was longer in group 2 than in group 1 (P = 0·001). However, postoperative pain was less (P &lt; 0·001), mobilization earlier (P &lt; 0·001), duration of hospital stay shorter (P &lt; 0·001), time to resumption of work shorter (P &lt; 0·001) and postoperative complications fewer (P &lt; 0·001) in group 2. During a median follow-up of 28 months, no recurrence was detected in patients in group 2 versus 11 patients in group 1 (P = 0·001).

Conclusion
Because of its low complication rate and acceptable long-term results, rhomboid excision and the Limberg flap procedure is preferable to simple excision and primary closure in the treatment of SPD.
Analysis of risk factors for the development of gallstones after gastrectomy
Authors: Kobayashi T , Hisanaga M , Kanehiro H , Yamada Y , Ko S , Nakajima Y 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
The incidence of gallstones is higher in people who have undergone gastrectomy than in the general population, but the cause of this is unknown.

Methods
Between January 1992 and January 2003, 749 patients underwent ultrasonography of the gallbladder after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. A total of 2327 examinations were carried out. The incidence of gallstones was compared in subgroups of patients classified according to the type of reconstruction, extent of gastrectomy, whether the duodenum was excluded and type of lymph node dissection.

Results
The incidence of gallstones was significantly higher after total compared with partial gastrectomy (27·9 versus 7·8 per cent at 5 years; P &lt; 0·001). Reconstruction with duodenal exclusion was associated with a significantly higher incidence than non-exclusion (25·1 versus 8·2 per cent at 5 years; P &lt; 0·001). Patients who had lymph node dissection in the hepatoduodenal ligament had a significantly higher incidence of gallstones than those who did not (28·2 versus 7·5 per cent at 5 years; P &lt; 0·001). In multivariate analysis that included type of reconstruction and lymph node dissection, lymph node dissection in the hepatoduodenal ligament was identified as the most significant risk factor for gallstone development (odds ratio 3·66 (95 per cent confidence interval 2·16 to 6·22); P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Lymph node dissection in the hepatoduodenal ligament, total gastrectomy and exclusion of the duodenum are risk factors for gallstones after gastrectomy.