bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and cellular localization of insulin‐regulated aminopeptidase in the rat central nervous system
Authors: Fernando Ruani N. , Larm Jari , Albiston Anthony L. , Chai Siew Yeen 
Published: May 2005

AbstractCentral infusions of angiotensin IV enhance spatial learning, memory retention and retrieval, neurotransmitter release, and long‐term potentiation via interaction with a specific, high‐affinity binding site. This site was recently purified and identified as the insulin‐regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP). This enzyme was previously characterized as the marker protein of specialized insulin‐responsive vesicles containing GLUT4 in muscle and adipose tissue. The present study provides the first comprehensive description of IRAP distribution in the adult rat brain. By using immunohistochemistry, IRAP was found to be highly expressed in selected olfactory regions, in septal and hypothalamic nuclei, throughout the hippocampal formation and cerebral cortex, and in motor and motor associated nuclei. IRAP was expressed exclusively in neurons in these regions. At the cellular level, IRAP was localized within cell bodies, excluding the nucleus, in a punctate vesicular pattern of expression. IRAP‐positive immunoreactivity was also found in some proximal processes but was not detected in synaptic nerve terminals. The neurochemical composition of IRAP‐containing neurons was further characterized by dual‐label immunohistochemistry. IRAP was expressed in cholinergic cell bodies of the medial septum, a source of cholinergic projections to the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The distribution of IRAP in motor and motor‐associated nuclei; the colocalization of the enzyme with potential in vivo substrates, oxytocin and vasopressin in the hypothalamus; and the colocalization with GLUT4 in selected nuclei all suggest diverse physiological roles for IRAP in the rat central nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 487:372–390, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serotonergic reticular formation cells in Rana pipiens: Categorization, development, and tectal projections
Authors: Zhao Bing , Debski Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe reticular formation contributes serotonin to many brain regions, including the optic tectum. We examined the organization and development of its serotonergic neurons in the leopard frog. Serotonin‐immunoreactive (5‐HT‐ir) cells in adult frogs were organized into 10 distinct populations that were identified on the basis of their location and cellular morphology. Populations ranged in size from 16 to 2,066 cells and sometimes spanned more than one previously identified nuclear region. Four of the ten populations were absent in tadpoles. The remaining populations, though present, had two contrasting patterns of development. Half of the populations were established early and showed little change in numbers during tadpole stages but increased in size in juvenile and adult frogs. The other half increased dramatically during tadpole stages but failed to add many more cells in juveniles and adults. Three populations provided 90% of the serotonergic projections from the reticular region to the adult optic tectum. These projections were established early in development and likely originated from the dorsal raphe, median raphe, raphe pontis, raphe magnus, and reticularis pontis oralis. Termination sites were located in midtectal layers and were not topographically organized. We conclude that serotonergic cells within the reticular formation of the leopard frog have an organization similar to that found in mammals, that the overall increase in numbers of these cells is attributable to growth in different cell populations at different stages, and that input from this region changes activity levels in the optic tectum in a global rather than a site‐specific manner. J. Comp. Neurol. 487:441–456, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Edge‐based adaptive implicit/explicit finite element procedures for three‐dimensional transport problems
Authors: Souza D. A. F. , Martins M. A. D. , Coutinho A. L. G. A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe present an implementation of an edge‐based strategy together with an iterative adaptive implicit/explicit (AIE) time marching scheme for three‐dimensional transport problems. The AIE algorithm treats part of the mesh as implicit and part as explicit, based on some stability and accuracy criteria. The solution of the implicit partition has its speed increased and memory requirements reduced by performing the matrix–vector products, within the iterative solver, edge‐by‐edge. Numerical examples show that the combined procedures can achieve significantly faster solutions than the usual fully implicit element‐by‐element approach. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Degenerate Two‐Photon Absorption Spectra in Azoaromatic Compounds
Authors: De Boni Leonardo , Misoguti Lino , Zílio Sergio C. , Mendonça Cleber R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA systematic study of the degenerate two‐photon absorption (2PA) spectra of seven azoaromatic compounds in dimethyl sulfoxide solution is reported, which employed the Z‐scan technique with femtosecond laser pulses from the bottom of the azo compound absorption bands up to 1100 nm. The 2PA peaks for pseudostilbene‐type azo compounds (Disperse Orange (DO) 3, Disperse Red (DR) 13, DR1, DR19, and DR19‐Cl) were observed at twice the peak wavelength of the linear absorption. However, such peaks were not observed for other azo compounds (PAMINO and DIAMINO) because of the symmetry of these molecules. A resonance enhancement of the 2PA cross‐section was observed for all compounds. The 2PA peak and the nonlinear resonance enhancement behavior could be adjusted with a model based on perturbation theory. Such knowledge can be a guideline to the understanding of the 2PA process in azoaromatic compounds.
Sonic hedgehog signaling regulates the expression of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐6 during fetal prostate development
Authors: Lipinski Robert J. , Cook Crist H. , Barnett Daniel H. , Gipp Jerry J. , Peterson Richard E. , Bushman Wade 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAt the onset of ductal morphogenesis in the developing prostate, Shh expression condenses at evaginations of urogenital sinus epithelium and activates Gli transcription factors in the adjacent mesenchyme. Abrogation of Hedgehog signaling disrupts proper prostatic budding, ductal growth, and branching. We now show that Hedgehog signaling regulates the expression of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐6 (Igfbp‐6) in the developing mouse prostate. Igfbp‐6 is a secreted factor that specifically binds insulin‐like growth factor‐II (IGF‐II), prevents its binding to the IGF‐I receptor, and is thought to regulate the activity of IGF‐II in growth and differentiation. Igfbp‐6 is expressed in both the developing and adult prostate. In the urogenital sinus, Igfbp‐6 mRNA colocalized with Ptc1 and Gli1 mRNA in the mesenchyme, while Igfbp‐6 protein was found in both the mesenchymal and epithelial layers. Exogenous Shh peptide induced expression of Igfbp‐6 in the developing prostate while the chemical inhibitor of Hedgehog signaling, cyclopamine, reduced its expression. These studies show that Igfbp‐6 is an actual target of Shh signaling in the urogenital sinus and provide the first evidence for a linkage between the Hedgehog and IGF signaling pathways in prostate development. Developmental Dynamics 233:829–836, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of rck/p54, a DEAD‐box RNA helicase, in gametogenesis and early embryogenesis of mice
Authors: Matsumoto Kenji , Kwon Oh‐Yong , Kim Hyungtae , Akao Yukihiro 
Published: May 2005

Abstractrck/p54 is a DEAD‐box RNA helicase protein with ATP‐dependent RNA‐unwinding activity. Its ortholog is required for sexual reproduction in yeast and for oocyte survival and sperm fertility in Caenorhabditis elegans. In the current study, we investigated the expression of rck/p54 in mouse gametogenesis and early embryogenesis. Western blot analysis revealed that rck/p54 was highly expressed in both the ovary and testis. In the ovary, maturing oocytes strongly expressed rck/p54 in their cytoplasm. In contrast, in the testis, spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes highly expressed rck/p54 in their cytoplasm, but its expression decreased in the spermatids. Interestingly, rck/p54 was concentrated in the heads of spermatozoa; and then its expression gradually decreased as these cells matured along the epididymal duct. After fertilization, rck/p54 protein and its mRNA remained present in the pronucleus phase; and then their expression levels slightly but definitely decreased in morulae and blastocytes. The injection of a CMV‐based rck/p54 expression vector into the pronuclei of fertilized eggs caused a delay in early embryogenesis. In generating RCK transgenic mice, the birth rate of the mice was significantly lower than those of other gene transgenic mice. These findings indicate that rck/p54 may play an important role in gametogenesis and early embryogenesis in mammals. Developmental Dynamics 233:1149–1156, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Foxc1 integrates Fgf and Bmp signalling independently of twist or noggin during calvarial bone development
Authors: Rice Ritva , Rice David P.C. , Thesleff Irma 
Published: May 2005

AbstractCalvarial bone and suture development is under complex regulation where bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) and fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signalling interact with Msx2/Twist and Noggin and regulate frontal bone primordia proliferation and suture fusion, respectively. We have shown previously that the winged helix transcription factor Foxc1, which is necessary for calvarial bone development, is required for the Bmp regulation of Msx2. We now show that FGF2 regulates the expression of Foxc1, indicating that Foxc1 integrates Bmp and Fgf signalling pathways. We also show that Foxc1 is not needed for the acquisition of osteogenic potential or for the differentiation of osteoblasts. The expression of Fgf receptors and Twist were normal in Foxc1‐deficient calvarial mesenchyme, and ectopic FGF2 was able to induce the expression Osteopontin. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Foxc1 does not participate in the regulation of Noggin expression. Our findings indicate that Foxc1 integrates the Bmp and Fgf signalling pathways independently of Twist or Noggin. This signalling network is essential for the correct patterning and growth of calvarial bones. Developmental Dynamics 233:847–852, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Restoration of DSCR1 to disomy in the trisomy 16 mouse model of Down syndrome does not correct cardiac or craniofacial development anomalies
Authors: Lange Alexander W. , Rothermel Beverly A. , Yutzey Katherine E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe Down syndrome critical region 1 (DSCR1) gene is located in syntenic regions of human chromosome 21 and mouse chromosome 16 and encodes a regulatory protein in the calcineurin/NFAT pathway. DSCR1 expression in the embryonic brain, craniofacial structures, and heart is consistent with a role in contributing to Down syndrome developmental anomalies. In the trisomy 16 (Ts16) murine model of Down syndrome, expression of DSCR1 isoforms is elevated and NFAT transcriptional activity is decreased in the developing heart and brain. The individual contribution of DSCR1 to Down syndrome‐related anomalies was examined by specific restoration of DSCR1 to disomic levels in Ts16 embryos. However, genetic restoration of DSCR1 did not rescue major morphological abnormalities in cardiac or craniofacial development. These data demonstrate that trisomy of DSCR1 alone does not significantly contribute to developmental defects in Ts16 mice and underscore the complexity of developmental anomalies associated with Down syndrome. Developmental Dynamics 233:954–963, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Specification of dorsoventral polarity in the embryonic chick mesencephalon and its presumptive role in midbrain morphogenesis
Authors: Li Naixin , Hornbruch Amata , Klafke Ruth , Katzenberger Barbara , Wizenmann Andrea 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe chick midbrain is subdivided into functionally distinct ventral and dorsal domains, tegmentum and optic tectum. In the mature tectum, neurons are organized in layers, while they form discrete nuclei in the tegmentum. Dorsoventral (DV) specification of the early midbrain should thus play a crucial role for the organization of the neuronal circuitry in optic tectum and tegmentum. To investigate regional commitment and establishment of cellular differences along the midbrain DV axis, we examined the commitment of gene expression patterns in isolated ventral and dorsal tissue in vivo and in vitro, and studied their cell mixing properties. Use of explant cultures, and grafting of dorsal midbrain into a ventral environment or vice versa, revealed a gradual increase in the autonomy of region‐specific gene regulation between stages 12 and 18 (embryonic day 2 to 3). This process becomes independent of the activity of midline organizers, such as floor and roof plate, by stage 16. Once the DV axis polarity is fixed, cells from dorsal and ventral midbrain adopt differential adhesive properties. Thus between stages 18 to 23 (embryonic day 3 and 4), cells of dorsal and ventral origin start to separate from each other, at a time‐point when the majority of midbrain cells is not yet differentiated. Hence, our results suggest that progressive specification of the midbrain DV axis is accompanied by progressively reduced cell mixing between dorsal and ventral precursors, leading to a partial regionalization of midbrain tissue into autonomous units of precursor cell populations. Developmental Dynamics 233:907–920, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of Xenopus suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (xSOCS3) is induced by epithelial wounding
Authors: Kuliyev Emin , Doherty Joanne R. , Mead Paul E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of proteins are intracellular mediators of cytokine signaling. These proteins are induced rapidly by cytokine stimulation and act in a classic negative‐feedback loop to attenuate the cellular response to the cytokine signal. In this study, we present the cloning and initial characterization of the Xenopus SOCS3 gene. We show that xSOCS3 is rapidly induced in response to epithelial wounding in the tadpole. The induction of xSOCS3 in response to trauma is transient with maximal expression being reached 1 hr after the injury and diminishing after that. Unlike other genes known to be responsive to wound‐induced activation of the mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, such as Egr1, SOCS3 expression in response to trauma is unaffected by blockade of the MAP kinase pathway by chemical inhibitors. Developmental Dynamics 233:1123–1130, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization and expression pattern of two zebrafish atf7 genes
Authors: Zhao Chengtian , Qi Jingjing , Meng Anming 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMembers of the ATF/CREB (activating transcription factor/cAMP‐responsive element binding protein) transcription factor family play diverse roles in controlling cell proliferation, apoptosis, and oncogenesis, as well as in embryonic development of vertebrates. We identified two zebrafish orthologs of human ATF7 gene: atf7a and atf7b. Whole‐mount in situ hybridization shows that zebrafish atf7a is first expressed in the notochord precursors at 80% epiboly stage and then in the developing notochord during segmentation. The expression of atf7a is positively regulated by ntl, flh, and spr2, which are involved in development of the notochord. In contrast, atf7b is maternally expressed and during embryogenesis its mRNA is ubiquitously distributed, showing an expression pattern similar to that of mammalian Atf7. Developmental Dynamics 233:1157–1162, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA damage in mice treated with sulfur dioxide by inhalation
Authors: Meng Ziqiang , Qin Guohua , Zhang Bo 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSulfur dioxide (SO2) is a ubiquitous air pollutant produced by the burning of fossil fuels. In this study, single‐cell gel electrophoresis (the Comet assay) was used to evaluate the DNA damage produced by inhalation exposure of mice to SO2. Male and female mice were housed in exposure chambers and treated with 14.00 ± 1.25, 28.00 ± 1.98, 56.00 ± 3.11, and 112.00 ± 3.69 mg/m3 SO2 for 6 hr/day for 7 days, while control groups were exposed to filtered air. Comet assays were performed on blood lymphocytes and cells from the brain, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, intestine, and testicles of the animals. SO2 caused significant, dose‐dependent increases in DNA damage, as measured by Olive tail moment, in all the cell types analyzed from both sexes of mice. The results indicate that inhalation exposure to SO2 damages the DNA of multiple organs in addition to the lung, and suggests that this damage could result in mutation, cancer, and other diseases related to DNA damage. Further work will be required to understand the ultimate toxicological significance of this damage. These data also suggest that detecting DNA damage in blood lymphocytes, using the Comet assay, may serve as a useful tool for evaluating the impact of pulmonary SO2 exposure in human biomonitoring studies. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New species of the genus Astragalus L. (Fabaceae), mainly from the “Flora Iranica” area
Authors: Zarre Sh. , Podlech D. , Taeb Fatimeh 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDuring the work on the genus Astragalus for the “Flora Iranica” and a planned revision of the whole genus in the Old World several new species (35) could be discovered among the material recently investigated. They are described here: Sect. Aegacantha: A. vallis‐astoris; Sect. Alopecuroidei: A. ebrahimabadensis; Sect. Ammodendron: A. harirudensis; Sect. Brachycarpus: A. ohbaensis, A. pishanxianensis; Sect. Craccina: A. tenuissimus; Sect. Dissitiflori: A. ahangarensis, A. capitis‐regni, A. sessiliflorus, A. shogotensis; Sect. Erioceras: A. hecatae; Sect. Hololeuce: A. repentinus; Sect. Hymenostegis: A. qorvehensis; Sect. Hypoglottidei: A.nezva‐montis; Sect. Incani: A. dorudensis, A. hamadryadis, A. harazensis, A. innotabilis; Sect. Malacothrix: A. absconditus, A. anodiophilus, A. khunsarensis, A. meshkinensis, A. segregatus, A. shehbazii, A. taebiae; A. tahbaziae, A. vicinalis; Sect. Onobrychoidei: A. affinis, A. dysbatophilus; A. ignotus; Sect. Ornithopodium: A. zourabadensis; Sect. Platyglottis: A. semitarius; Sect. Polycladus: A. swatensis; Sect. Stereothrix: A. bavanatensis, A. damghanensis. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A new species of Anthurium (Araceae) from Espírito Santo State, eastern Brazil
Authors: Gonçalves E. G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA new species of Anthurium (A. viridispathum E.G.Gonç., sp. nova) is described and illustrated. It occurs in rocky outcrops in Espírito Santo state, eastern Brazil. It seems to be closer to Anthurium validinervium Engl., but differs in the primary lateral veins departing from the midrib in a more obtuse angle (45–55° not 30°), much wider spathe (2–2.3 times longer than broad, not 5–6) and inflorescenes longer than leaves (much shorter in A. validinervium).Anthurium viridispathum is tentavely placed in the section Urospadix Engl. subsection Obscureviridia Engl. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identification key to the Cypress family (Cupressaceae)
Authors: Schulz C. , Knopf P. , Stützel Th. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe identification of Cupressaceae taxa, except for some local and easily distinguishable taxa, is difficult even for specialists. One reason for this is the lack of a complete key including all Cupressaceae taxa, another reason is that diagnoses and descriptions are spread over several hundred publications which are sometimes difficult to access. Based on morphological studies of about 3/4 of the species and a careful compilation of the most important descriptions of Cupressaceae, a first identification key for the entire Cypress family (Cupressaceae) could be set up. The key comprises any of the 30 genera, 134 species, 7 subspecies, 38 varieties, one form and thus all 180 taxa recognized byFarjon(2001). The key uses mainly features of adult leaves, female cones and other characters which are all relatively easy to be used. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pressure relaxation procedures for multiphase compressible flows
Authors: Lallemand M.‐H. , Chinnayya A. , Le Metayer O. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis paper deals with pressure relaxation procedures for multiphase compressible flow models. Such models have nice mathematical properties (hyperbolicity) and are able to solve a wide range of applications: interface problems, detonation physics, shock waves in mixtures, cavitating flows, etc. The numerical solution of such models involves several ingredients. One of those ingredients is the instantaneous pressure relaxation process and is of particular importance.In this article, we present and compare existing and new pressure relaxation procedures in terms of both accuracy and computational efficiency. Among these procedures we enhance an exact one in the particular case of fluids governed by the stiffened gas equation of state, and approximate procedures for general equations of state, which are particularly well suited for problems with large pressure variations. We also present some generalizations of these procedures in the context of multiphase flows with an arbitrary number of fluids. Some tests are provided to illustrate these comparisons. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contrasting a novel temporally orientated Hamilton–Jacobi‐equation‐based ILES method with other approaches for a complex geometry flow
Authors: Tucker P. G. , Liu Y. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFlow and heat transfer inside an idealized electronics system is simulated using large‐eddy simulation (LES)‐related approaches that have been validated for simpler canonical flows. These include: Yoshizawa LES, detached eddy simulation (DES), limited numerical scales (LNS) and other hybrid LES–RANS (Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes) approaches including a new ILES (implicit LES)–RANS method. For the ILES, dissipation from the one legged temporal discretization is used to drain turbulence. The use of differential equations, including the Hamilton–Jacobi and Eikonal, to model turbulence distance functions is explored. The Hamilton–Jacobi is shown to be especially compatible with the zonal RANS–ILES approach and the Eikonal with DES. Performances of the LES‐related methods are compared with explicit algebraic stress unsteady RANS (URANS) results and also measurements. Considering the problem complexity, generally, for all methods, predicted mean velocities and turbulence intensities are in a reasonable agreement with measurements. Average errors are 15 and 25%, respectively. With the exception of the zonal ILES–RANS method, turbulence intensities are under‐predicted. For heat transfer, none of the models performs well giving circa 100% errors. Notably, the LNS performs poorly for both the flow field and heat transfer giving a highly complex RANS–LES interface with inappropriate upstream LES boundary conditions. DES is found impossible to converge. This is partly attributed to the irregular LES–RANS interface arising with the method. All the LES approaches significantly underpredict heat transfer and the URANS over‐predicts. Even the increased flow activity arising from use of the less dissipative ILES element does not prevent the significant heat transfer under‐prediction. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.