bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the spectral density of a class of chaotic time series
Authors: Lopes Artur , Lopes Selvia , Souza Rafael R. 
Published: March 2003

The purpose of this paper is to show explicitly the spectral density function of the stationary stochastic process determined by a certain class of two‐dimensional maps Fα defined below (α is a parameter in (0, 1)), the random variable φ(x, y) = x and the invariant probability described below.We first define the transformation Tα: [0, 1]←[0, 1] given by T
α(x) = {x/α if 0 ≤x < α and (α(x−α)/1 −α) if α≤x≤ 1where α∈ (0, 1) is a constant. The map Tα describes a model for a particle (or the probability of a certain kind of element in a given population) that moves around, in discrete time, in the interval [0, 1].The results presented here can be stated either for Tα or for Fα but we prefer the latter. The results for Tα can be obtained from the more general setting described by Fα.The map Fα is defined from K = ([0, 1]× (0, α)) ∨ ([0, α]×[α, 1]) ⊂;R;2 to itself and is given by Fα(x, y) = (Tα(x), Gα(x, y)) for (x, y) ∈K, where G
α(x, y) = {αy if 0 ≤x < α and α + ((1 −α)/α)y if α≤x < 1.The spectral density function of the stationary process with probability ν (invariant for Fα and absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure) Zt = Xt + ξt = φ{Ftα(X0, Y0)} + ξt for t∈Zwhere (X0, Y0) ∈R2 and ξt}t∈Z is a white noise process, is given explicitly (Theorem 1) by f

Z
(λ) = fX(λ) + (σ2ξ/2π) = (1/2πvar(Xt))[γ{exp(iλ)}−C(0)] + (σ2/2π) for all λ∈[0, 2π), where var(Xt) = (α2−α + 1)(α2− 5α + 5){12(2 −α)2}−1, γ is given by Equation (2.10) of Proposition 5 and C(0) = (1 + α2−α3){3(2 −α)}−1. We also estimate the parameter α based on a time series.
A Test of Linearity for Functional Autoregressive Models
Authors: Poggi Jean‐Michel , Portier Bruno 
Published: March 2003

We propose a new test for linearity in time series. We consider an asymptotically stationary functional AR(p) model on ℜd of the form X

n
= f(Xn−1, ..., Xn−p) + ξn (n∈ N).The testing procedure is based on a suitably normalized sum of quadratic deviations between two different estimates of the function f evaluated at q distinct points of ℜdp. The estimators are f^n, a recursive version of the non‐parametric kernel estimator of f, and Ân, a least squares estimator well suited to the linear case. The main result states that the test statistic has a χ2 limit distribution under the null hypothesis. A similar result is derived under the alternative hypothesis for the test statistic corrupted by a non‐linear term. Our simulations indicate that our asymptotic results hold for moderate sample sizes when the testing procedure is used carefully
Estimation in the Mixture Transition Distribution Model
Authors: Berchtold Andre 
Published: March 2003

This paper introduces a new iterative algorithm for the estimation of the mixture transition distribution (MTD) model, which does not require the use of any specific external optimization procedure and can therefore be programmed in any computing language. Comparisons with previously published results show that this new algorithm performs at least as well as or better than other methods. The choice of initial values is also discussed.The MTD model was designed for the modeling of high‐order Markov chains and has already proved to be a useful tool for the analysis of different types of time series such as wind speeds and social relationships. In this paper, we also propose to use it for the modeling of one‐dimensional spatial data. An application using a DNA sequence shows that this approach can lead to better results than the classical Potts model.
State‐space Models with Finite Dimensional Dependence
Authors: Gourieroux Christian , Jasiak Joann 
Published: March 2003

We consider nonlinear state‐space models, where the state variable (ζt) is Markov, stationary and features finite dimensional dependence (FDD), i.e. admits a transition function of the type: π(ζt|ζt−1) =π(ζt)a′(ζt)b(ζt−1), where π(ζt) denotes the marginal distribution of ζt, with a finite number of cross‐effects between the present and past values. We discuss various characterizations of the FDD condition in terms of the predictor space and nonlinear canonical decomposition. The FDD models are shown to admit explicit recursive formulas for filtering and smoothing of the observable process, that arise as an extension of the Kitagawa approach. The filtering and smoothing algorithms are given in the paper.JEL. C4.
The Israeli Model for Managing The National List of Health Services in an Era of Limited Resources
Authors: Shani Segev , Yahalom Zohar 
Published: March 2003

In order to attain financial stability, equality, and quality of care, Israel placed its basic health insurance system under strict government regulation in the National Health Insurance Act (NHIA) of 1994. The act creates the National List of Health Services (NLHS), which outlines the minimal health services (including drugs and medical devices) that the four pre–exiting Sick Funds must supply to their members free of charge or for a relatively small defined co–paymentThis article analyzes the mechanisms that update the NLHS to ensure the quality of health services provided to all citizens with respect to the constant developments in health technologies both for medical procedures and diagnosis, and for drugs.The article’s main conclusion is that Israel offers a unique model for explicit rationing. The process of updating the list of services leads to clear decision making at a national level, one which offers new technologies to all citizens by public funding each year within the limits of an allocated and defined budget. However, the Israeli model is far from perfect, especially as the act does not establish a defined mechanism for allocating an annual budget for updating the list. Therefore, the act cannot assure a health care system with the stability and certainty it requires.
Permeability of methylamine across the membrane of a cyanobacterial cell
Authors: Ritchie Raymond J. , Islam Nazrul 
Published: March 2003

Summary

Ammonia (NH3) is the preferred nitrogen source for many eukaryotic algae and the cyanobacteria, Synechococcus R‐2 (PCC 7942) and Synechocystis (PCC 6803).
Ammonia in solution is a weak base with a pKa of 9.25; hence, under environmental conditions it is present in solution as NH3 and NH4+. The uncharged form is a readily diffusible small molecule but NH4+ has an ionic radius similar to K+ and behaves like an alkali metal cation. Accumulation and retention of NH3 + NH4+ is therefore a complicated function of the permeabilities of two very different chemical species.
NH3 is usually thought to be highly permeable across cell membranes although it is difficult to find actual measurements primarily because there is no convenient radioactive tracer for N. Many studies have therefore used 14C‐methylamine (14CH3‐NH2) as a convenient analogue tracer.
Permeability of 14CH3‐NH2 was measured in Synechocystis over a range of pH values; permeability of uncharged amines was shown to be governed by pH. The permeability of CH3NH2 is c. 50 µm s−1 at pHo 10 but increases very rapidly to c. 300 µm s−1 at pHo 7. This finding has serious implications for attempts to develop stochastic models of amine uptake and retention by cells.
Short‐term forecasting of non‐OPEC supply: a test of seasonality and seasonal decomposition
Authors: Jazayeri S.M.R Tayyebi , Yahyai A. 
Published: March 2003

The purpose of this study is, first, to find out, based on historical data, whether quarterly averages of non‐OPEC supply follow a seasonal pattern. If that is mathematically established, then, secondly, it is attempted to estimate the best seasonal factors to decompose the estimated yearly average into seasonal averages.This study applies the Fourier analysis to quarterly supply series to test for seasonality, and provides estimates of seasonal factors for the year 2001 by applying the so‐called X‐11 decomposition method to the annual estimate. A set of historical data, consisting of quarterly supply averages of individual countries, regional subtotals and aggregate non‐OPEC for the period 1971–2000, forms the basis of the analysis.Through the application of the Fourier analysis and X‐11 decomposition method, it is demonstrated that quarterly non‐OPEC supply, be it by an individual major producer or regional sub‐totals, clearly follows a seasonal pattern. This is a very useful conclusion for the market analyst involved with forecasting the quarterly supply.
Oil outlook to 2020
Authors: Lounnas Rezki , Brennand Garry 
Published: March 2003

The latest oil outlook to the year 2020 is presented, using the OPEC World Energy Model (OWEM). In the reference case, the OPEC Reference Basket of seven crudes is assumed to remain within the declared price range of US $22–28 per barrel, in nominal terms, for the rest of this decade, growing with inflation thereafter. World oil demand grows from 76 million barrels a day in 2000 to 89 mb/d by 2010, and to over 106 mb/d by 2020. Two–thirds of the increase in demand over this 20–year period comes from China and the developing countries.Non–OPEC production is expected to continue to increase throughout the entire forecast period, with the decline in North Sea output more than compensated by increases in the developing countries, Russia and the Caspian region. OPEC’ market share in the first decade is accordingly relatively stable, as increases in output are approximately matched by higher non–OPEC supply. In the following ten years, however, it becomes increasingly inevitable that OPEC’ market share will increase, as the net rise in non–OPEC output slows.The net investment requirement will need to cover both additional capacity and the maintenance of the existing production potential. For OPEC alone, the estimate is around $10 billion a year during this period. Substantially higher or lower oil prices than the assumed values for the reference case are shown not only to generate lower OPEC export revenue, but also to be unsustainable.
From Criminal Law to Legal Theory: The Mysterious Case of the Reasonable Glue Sniffer
Authors: Norrie Alan 
Published: March 2003

The modern idea of criminal justice is organised around a series of antinomies which include the formal and the substantive, the universal and the particular, the individual and the social. This paper examines the place of these antinomies in four different but connected settings: the plight of the humane judge, the classical enlightenment theory of retributive punishment, the judgment of provoked killing, and the critique of orthodox subjectivism in the Anglo–American law. The play of the universal and the particular and the formal and substantive within law reflects and embodies the underlying antinomy of the individual and the social – even where it does not mention it. The qualitative moment is preserved in all quantification, as the substrate of that which is to be quantified.
On Art and Intention
Authors: Farrelly‐Jackson Steven 
Published: March 2003

The author discusses a puzzle about the place of intention in art, a puzzle first articulated by Richard Wollheim in his well‐known lecture ‘On Drawing an Object’. The puzzle arises if we try to hold jointly three commonly‐held claims, viz. (1) Art is intentional; (2) The artist, in making a work of art, needs to observe what he has done, in order to know what he has done; (3) A necessary condition of intentional action is that when an agent acts intentionally then he knows what he is (intentionally) doing without observation, or any need for it. Prima facie it would appear that we cannot hold all these claims together.The author spells out the problem, discusses Wollheim’s own solution to it (which he rejects) and seeks to dispel the puzzle by closer attention to intention and action in relation to artistic production.
‘Kierkegaard’: A Reasonable Fideist?
Authors: Insole Christopher 
Published: March 2003

The task I set myself is to identify whether Climacus is an extreme or moderate fideist, and to go on to evaluate how convincing or persuasive I find Climacus' position. Separating metaphysical and epistemological fideism, I spend the first section of the article denying that Climacus is a ‘metaphysical fideist’. This involves looking at the notion of ‘truth as subjectivity’. I will claim that in expounding this notorious maxim Climacus can be seen as expressing something almost trivially obvious and/or something substantially wrong. I will further argue that even the obvious version of the maxim needs to be heavily qualified before it can be a sufficient account of ‘religious truth’.In the second section of the article I argue that Climacus should be understood as a moderate fideist, who considers that reason should assent to its own limitations. Although I will approve of reason‐exhausting projects, I will complain that the paradox which is supposed to so exhaust my reason does not perplex me in the relevant sense.
Historical Judgement, Transcendent Perspective and ‘Resurrection Appearances’
Authors: Baxter Anthony 
Published: March 2003

Suppose one judges as a historian that after Jesus' death there was an occurrence during the careers of various individuals in which: they took it that Jesus was appearing, raised by God to Life; and a concept worked in their minds, ‘Already, Jesus has been raised to Life’.Assume also that before one are fuller statements proposed now as to what happened. Some themselves cite just inner‐worldly, non‐transcendent factors – delusion and so on. The ‘Encountered’ statement however runs: ‘A transcendent reality, Jesus raised by God to Life, was encountered by the individuals.’At first glance it might seem that in principle one could say: ‘Whereas I have not been convinced by the statements citing inner‐worldly factors alone, I do by contrast find the Encountered statement convincing and elucidatory.’ But on closer scrutiny, would it indeed be possible for one maturely to say that? Some commentators voice a quick ‘Yes’– an apologetic argument thus. On the other hand some press challenges that a priori one may never fittingly say that.We should be content neither with a swift ‘Yes’ nor with swift dismissiveness. How you think directly about ‘resurrection appearances’ depends much on your analysis apropos of a wide range of epistemological and other matters.Some challenges are that the Encountered statement is as such flawed. But these claims rest on premises which arguably we should judge misguided.Some challenges (Humean and Barthian) concern how one is placed when the Encountered statement lies adjacent to ‘inner‐worldly’ statements. Now we should maintain a standpoint on which a person can reach, apart from regard to Jesus, a theistic outlook: yet not by ‘natural theology’. Where that person is oneself, no a priori obstacles prevent one's maturely saying, ‘The Encountered statement for me elucidates, in contrast to the others’. These points can be put without talk of ‘probability estimates’ or ‘explanation’.
The Influence of Social Critical Theory on Edward Schillebeeckx's Theology of Suffering for Others
Authors: Tillar Elizabeth K. 
Published: March 2003

Edward Schillebeeckx has consolidated the theoretical and practical dimensions of the Christian approach to human suffering in his theological method, specifically his theology of suffering for others. The various elements and sources of his method can be gleaned from his later writings, especially those published during the 1970s and 1980s. Schillebeeckx's theology is anchored in (1) the Thomist‐phenomenological approach of Flemish philosopher Dominic De Petter; (2) the historical‐experiential theology of Marie‐Dominique Chenu; and (3) the social theory of the Frankfurt School. De Petter's perspective on Aquinas integrated a Thomist epistemology with the phenomenological notion that concepts cannot ultimately capture the reality of human experience. From Chenu, Schillebeeckx acquired his commitment to both solid historical research and engagement with socio‐political problems facing church and world.The problem of suffering, which constitutes an essential dimension of Schillebeeckx's theological ethics with its dual emphasis on theory and praxis, raises the question of human responsibility in the face of unjust and needless suffering. His theoretical‐practical approach to the alleviation of human suffering evolved within the framework of social critical theory, specifically: (a) Schillebeeckx's theological integration of Theodor Adorno's negative dialectics into his own method of correlation, which promotes various forms of critical resistance to socio‐political injustice rather than a single program; and (b) the unification of theory and praxis, a priority of Jürgen Habermas's ‘new’ critical theory that Schillebeeckx endorses. Both principles of critical theory — negative dialectics and the union of theory and praxis — inform Schillebeeckx's eschatological orientation and his conception of liturgy as a form of social ethics.
More Than Just a Ticklish Subject: History, Postmodernity and God
Authors: Hemming Laurence Paul 
Published: March 2003

The paper begins by tracing the development of the understanding of truth as adjunct to the self in postmodernity. It then proceeds to ask what history is in postmodernity in the light of the reconfiguration of truth, and what kinds of response Christianity, and especially Catholic Christianity might develop to the postmodern situation. Using a critique of Habermas’ speech “Modernity – an incomplete project” it develops a notion of postmodernity as an extreme interpretation of modernity, solely through reference to the self. By analysing the concept of the universal horizon in Habermas and in Hegel it shows how postmodernity both produces and deflects the notion of modernity, so that prior to the postmodern, neither modernity nor postmodernity can really be said to be thought at all.The paper suggests that postmodernity is not really ‘thought’ at all, but rather thinks for us, so that we take it for granted. It then takes a sketch of Nietzsche’s critique of the death of God as a springboard to ask what arenas a thoughtless theological response might be tempted into – especially that of conceiving the world purely and baldly as “sacramental” in structure. Finally it concludes by asking what possibilities postmodernity opens up through a thoughtful discernment of how it constitutes us at all
Race, empire and British wartime national identity, 1939–45*
Authors: Rose Sonya O. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Britain's self-portrait as a democratic and paternalistic imperial nation was persistently undermined by the contradictory repercussions of racial divisiveness. The consequences of racism in both the metropole and in the colonies threatened the metropole-colonial relations so fundamental to British imperial sensibilities. Thus, government officials were involved throughout the war in repairing Britain's reputation with its imperial subjects. Using evidence from Colonial Office and Ministry of Information files, this article contributes to historical understanding of the empire's place in British national identity in the World War II years. It suggests the extent to which racism at “home” and in the colonies destabilized British efforts to bolster imperial loyalties that would persist into the post-war future.
Fashioning victims: Dr. Henry Jones and the plight of Irish Protestants, 1642
Authors: Cope Joseph 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
This article explores Dr. Henry Jones's work in conveying first-hand testimony on the Irish rising to English audiences in 1642. It compares Jones's Remonstrance of Diverse Remarkable Passages Concerning the Church and Kingdom of Ireland with the archival materials from which he drew his information. In order to persuade the English parliament and the English people to support charitable projects for Ireland's poor, Jones needed to portray the victims of the rising in a positive light. The resulting image of deserving war victims was broadly sympathetic but in fact reflected a distorted view of the experiences of those despoiled in the rebellion.
A History of the Future
Authors: Staley David J. 
Published: March 2003

Does history have to be only about the past? “History” refers to both a subject matter and a thought process. That thought process involves raising questions, marshalling evidence, discerning patterns in the evidence, writing narratives, and critiquing the narratives written by others. Whatever subject matter they study, all historians employ the thought process of historical thinking.What if historians were to extend the process of historical thinking into the subject matter domain of the future? Historians would breach one of our profession’s most rigid disciplinary barriers. Very few historians venture predictions about the future, and those who do are viewed with skepticism by the profession at large. On methodological grounds, most historians reject as either impractical, quixotic, hubristic, or dangerous any effort to examine the past as a way to make predictions about the future.However, where at one time thinking about the future did mean making a scientifically–based prediction, futurists today are just as likely to think in terms of scenarios. Where a prediction is a definitive statement about what will be, scenarios are heuristic narratives that explore alternative plausibilities of what might be. Scenario writers, like historians, understand that surprise, contingency, and deviations from the trend line are the rule, not the exception; among scenario writers, context matters. The thought process of the scenario method shares many features with historical thinking. With only minimal intellectual adjustment, then, most professionally trained historians possess the necessary skills to write methodologically rigorous “histories of the future.”
The Australian Way: competency‐based training in the corporate sector
Authors: Kellie Deborah 
Published: March 2003

A notable trend over the last decade has been the attention that has been paid to the skills and education base of the labour forces in many OECD nations seeking improved productivity outcomes. Governments have looked to the provision of competency‐based vocational education and training and endeavoured to introduce changes, often to support general micro‐economic reform. This article examines Australian endeavours within this trend both at the macro‐level of the state and at the micro‐level of the organisation. It is arguedthat the corporate sector has generally responded well, albeit slowly, to the introduction of competency‐based training and development. As industry bears more of the cost, and the task, of meeting its training needs it is more than ever keen to see a direct return on the training investment through concomitant increases in productivity.