bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning to Generalize over Subpartitions for Heterogeneity-Aware Domain Adaptive Nuclei Segmentation
Authors: Fan Jianan , Liu Dongnan , Chang Hang , Cai Weidong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Annotation scarcity and cross-modality/stain data distribution shifts are two major obstacles hindering the application of deep learning models for nuclei analysis, which holds a broad spectrum of potential applications in digital pathology. Recently, unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) methods have been proposed to mitigate the distributional gap between different imaging modalities for unsupervised nuclei segmentation in histopathology images. However, existing UDA methods are built upon the assumption that data distributions within each domain should be uniform. Based on the over-simplified supposition, they propose to align the histopathology target domain with the source domain integrally, neglecting severe intra-domain discrepancy over subpartitions incurred by mixed cancer types and sampling organs. In this paper, for the first time, we propose to explicitly consider the heterogeneity within the histopathology domain and introduce open compound domain adaptation (OCDA) to resolve the crux. In specific, a two-stage disentanglement framework is proposed to acquire domain-invariant feature representations at both image and instance levels. The holistic design addresses the limitations of existing OCDA approaches which struggle to capture instance-wise variations. Two regularization strategies are specifically devised herein to leverage the rich subpartition-specific characteristics in histopathology images and facilitate subdomain decomposition. Moreover, we propose a dual-branch nucleus shape and structure preserving module to prevent nucleus over-generation and deformation in the synthesized images. Experimental results on both cross-modality and cross-stain scenarios over a broad range of diverse datasets demonstrate the superiority of our method compared with state-of-the-art UDA and OCDA methods.

Graphical abstract
The role of children’s emotion regulation and maternal emotion socialization in preschoolers’ behavioral difficulties during the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: İşcanoğlu Zülal , Çakmak Zeynep , Çiçek Nuray Mustafaoğlu , Steele Miriam 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTurkey, like many countries, implemented protective measures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. One such measure involved isolating young children to reduce virus transmission. However, this regulation presented parents with the challenging task of juggling work responsibilities while caring for their young children without the usual support from external resources. Given these difficult circumstances, young children may struggle with emotion regulation, while isolation can impede parents from effectively addressing their children’s negative emotions. This online study aims to examine the dynamic relationship between children’s emotion regulation ability and maternal emotion socialization capacity in predicting children’s behavioral difficulties. The study revealed a positive correlation between maternal punitive and minimizing emotion socialization reactions and children’s behavioral difficulties. However, this association was primarily observed in children with high negative emotionality and low effortful control. Notably, when children had low negative emotionality scores, maternal minimizing emotion socialization behaviors were negatively associated with their behavior problems. These findings support the idea that during stressful periods, such as a pandemic, the diathesis-stress model may become more applicable. It emphasizes the interaction between individuals’ vulnerabilities and environmental triggers leading to unfavorable outcomes, such as higher levels of children’s externalizing problems. These results underscore the importance of tailored intervention programs for parent-child dyads experiencing limited psychological resources during stressful events like a pandemic.
Modulation of intestinal metabolites by calorie restriction and its association with gut microbiota in a xenograft model of colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Yuhuan , Dong Lintao , Dai Xingchen , Huang Yongli , Gao Yujing , Wang Fang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor, and its occurrence and development are closely related to dysbiosis of gut microbes. Previously, we found calorie restriction altered the composition of the microbial community in a colorectal cancer mouse model and inhibited in vivo growth of CRC cells. Here, we aim to further investigate alteration in the intestinal metabolites and explore the interplay between gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites upon calorie restriction.

Methods
Human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells were used to establish a colorectal cancer xenograft mouse model. The changes of intestinal metabolites in the ad libitum group and calorie restriction group were investigated through untargeted metabolomics analysis. The integrative analysis of gut microbiota and metabolites to elucidate the associations between gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites.

Results
Compared with the mice in the ad libitum group, mice upon calorie restriction exhibited downregulation of Isoleucyl-Valine, and upregulation of D-Proline, 1-Palmitoylphosphatidylcholine, and 4-Trimethylammoniobutanoic acid. Additionally, an integrative analysis of gut microbiota and metabolites revealed that Lactobacillus, Parabacteroides and rC4-4 genus were upregulated in the calorie restriction group and positively correlated with D-Proline, 4-Trimethylammoniobutanoic acid or 1-Palmitoylphosphatidylcholine, while negatively correlated with Isoleucyl-Valine. In contrast, the Nitrospirae and Deferribacteres phylum exhibited opposite trends.

Conclusion
Calorie restriction affects the abundance of gut microbes such as Nitrospirae phylum and Lactobacillus genus in mouse model of colorectal cancer, leading to changes in the metabolites such as D-Proline、Isoleucyl-Valine, which contributes to the suppression of in vivo growth of CRC by calorie restriction.
Strangulation During Sex Among Undergraduate Students in Australia: Toward Understanding Participation, Harms, and Education
Authors: Sharman Leah S. , Fitzgerald Robin , Douglas Heather 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Strangulation is becoming a more common sexual practice despite its potentially fatal consequences and associated short- and long-term sequelae. This research provides a preliminary examination of participation and perception toward strangulation during sex among Australian undergraduates.

Methods
This study utilized a confidential, cross-sectional online survey collected in 2022–2023. Analysis included 168 undergraduate students at an Australian University and explored their awareness of the harms of strangulation, understanding of criminalization, and the impact of education on these attitudes.

Results
In total, 56% reported ever being strangled during sex and 51% ever strangling a partner. Seventeen percent of participants reported being strangled and 13% strangling a partner during their last sexual experience. Higher frequency, wanting, and positive perceptions of strangulation were associated with more liberal sexual attitudes. However, there were differences depending on gender. Participants generally did not perceive strangulation to be harmful and had limited knowledge about its criminalization. Lastly, a brief education intervention on strangulation harms revealed reductions in positive perceptions of strangulation that were pronounced among women.

Conclusions
In this convenience survey, Australian university students commonly reported previously engaging in strangulation during sex but with limited awareness of the potential consequences. Our results indicate that education on these consequences could reduce positive perceptions of strangulation, particularly among women.

Policy Implications
Education on strangulation harms are likely more effective than criminalization alone in improving awareness of its consequences and changing perceptions of strangulation. These findings could help guide targeted policy and education on strangulation within sexual health contexts.
The Development and Evaluation of an Educational Video for Breast Cancer Patients Requiring Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
Authors: Moussa Yvonne , Jimenez Yobelli , Wang Wei , Nahar Najmun , Ahern Verity , Stuart Kirsty 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPatient education and informed consent are required prior to adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) for early breast cancer (EBC), and include the role, rationale, potential toxicities and practicalities of the treatment process. Current education of patients about RT is verbal, in the form of a consultation by a radiation oncologist, often supplemented with print or online materials. This approach is limited by its doctor-dependency and non-standardised nature. Video education is being recognised increasingly as an opportunity to remediate this and appeal to patients’ preference for visual learning. The purpose of this study was to design and produce a video as an educational adjunct for EBC patients’ viewing prior to adjuvant RT, and to evaluate its acceptability through content analysis of three online focus group discussions, among ten participants with EBC requiring RT. After qualitative content analysis of the focus group transcripts, data were summarised into three main categories: (1) understanding of RT, (2) ease of engagement with the video and (3) anxiety and preparedness for RT. The 18-min video was positively received by all participants, and discussion feedback was used to inform improvements to the video. This focus group study demonstrated that the video was well understood, informative and acceptable to EBC patients in preparing them for RT. The effectiveness of the video in improving knowledge and alleviating distress in preparation for therapy will be further evaluated in an ethics-approved biphasic quasi-experimental study.
Pore structure characterization of sandstone under different water invasion cycles using micro-CT
Authors: Mao Weizheng , Yao Yujing , Qin Zhe , Liu Yongde , Han Jihuan , Liu Zhen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe meso-structural changes of rocks during repeated cycles of water invasion are the fundamental cause of macroscopic physical property damage. In this paper, based on the computed tomography scan images of rock samples under different numbers of water invasion cycles, a three-dimensional pore network model was constructed to analyze the changes in pore structure under the action of water invasion. The damage variable was introduced to quantitatively characterize the parameter damage of each pore and reveal the evolution of rock meso-damage. The results show that 81% of the pore radius is less than 10 μm under 0 water invasion cycles and that 76% of the pore radiuses are less than 10 μm after 10 water invasion cycles. After 10 water invasion cycles, the peak range of the pore radius distribution enlarged from the initial range of 2–4 μm to that of 4–6 μm and the proportion of pore throats with a radius less than 10 μm decreased from an initial 82–72%. With an increase of water invasion cycles, the proportion of large pores increased and the connectivity among pores enhances gradually. The damage variable of each pore parameter changed the most during 2–5 water invasion cycles. After 10 water invasion cycles, the maximum degree of damage that the pore volume reached was up to 41.44% and the minimum degree of damage of the pore coordination number was 5.80%. The test results helped to reveal the pore structure changes and the damage of rock samples during water invasion cycles.
Generation of polarized electron beams through self-injection in the interaction of a laser with a pre-polarized plasma
Authors: Yin L. R. , Li X. F. , Gu Y. J. , Cao N. , Kong Q. , Büscher M. , Weng S. M. , Chen M. , Sheng Z. M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Polarized electron beam production via laser wakefield acceleration in pre-polarized plasma is investigated by particle-in-cell simulations. The evolution of the electron beam polarization is studied based on the Thomas–Bargmann–Michel–Telegdi equation for the transverse and longitudinal self-injection, and the depolarization process is found to be influenced by the injection schemes. In the case of transverse self-injection, as found typically in the bubble regime, the spin precession of the accelerated electrons is mainly influenced by the wakefield. However, in the case of longitudinal injection in the quasi-1D regime (for example, F. Y. Li et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 135002 (2013)), the direction of electron spin oscillates in the laser field. Since the electrons move around the laser axis, the net influence of the laser field is nearly zero and the contribution of the wakefield can be ignored. Finally, an ultra-short electron beam with polarization of

$99\%$

can be obtained using longitudinal self-injection.
Classical Studies Trends: teaching Classics in secondary schools in the UK
Authors: Hunt Steven 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Classical Association, working with the charity Classics for All, is conscious of the vulnerability of Classics in the secondary education system and wants to understand the reasons behind this. Concern about the decline of classical subjects at GCSE and A Level has been mounting, indicated largely by exam entry data suggesting that entries for classical subjects are low and in the case of the ancient languages in decline.1 The Council of University Classics Departments Bulletin annually publishes statistics for student entries for national examinations at GCSE and A level in classical subjects. But this does not capture the full picture, nor does it represent the other constituent parts of the UK, which have their own examination systems. Therefore, in late 2021 the Classical Association and Classics for All designed a new Classical Studies Survey (the ‘Survey’), to fill in more detailed information about what is going on in schools' classics departments more widely through the UK, across Key Stages 3–5, and to provide practising teachers with an opportunity to make recommendations for future developments in courses for classical subjects. The Survey asked teachers to comment on the current situation for Latin, Ancient Greek, Classical Civilisation and Ancient History, the factors affecting these trends, and what support they considered they would need for Classics to survive in their institutions. This Survey collated data rigorously and enables the Classical Association on behalf of the classics teaching community to make compelling arguments in relation to education policies and examination reform.
Rewriting the Textbook: an investigation into students’ practices with creative composition in a Year 7 Latin class
Authors: Trusted Adam 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis project investigated the effectiveness of a creative Latin composition exercise. Within this exercise, students built upon existing Latin textbook material, inserting their own character into an existing Cambridge Latin Course (CLC) story (CSCP, 1998). This form of exercise has links to more conventional prose composition exercises, but it also takes inspiration from exercises which use fanfiction to improve language skills (Bahoric and Swaggerty, 2015).
Global Vegetation‐Temperature Sensitivity and Its Driving Forces in the 21st Century
Authors: Yuxi Wang , Li Peng , Yuemin Yue , Tiantian Chen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIt has been projected that climatic warming will contribute to vegetation productivity variability at the global scale. With a continued warming, to what extent and where the vegetation productivity is most affected by warming has still not been adequately quantified. Herein, based on 11 earth system model outputs, we predict the characteristics of vegetation‐temperature sensitivity (Svpt, defined as higher/lower temperature produce more/less vegetation) changes under different CO2 emission scenarios and various vegetation types, further assessing the relationship of the Svpt to socio‐ecosystems. At the end of the 21st century, the area proportion with the global temperature increases >2°C under the SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5 scenarios are 3%, 40%, 97%, and 99%, respectively. The largest contribution to the global terrestrial gross primary productivity growth is at low latitudes. 33%–63% of global terrestrial ecosystems show a significantly negative trend in the Svpt, indicating the weakened promotion effect of warming on vegetation growth. In particular, in 2060, there will be a clear reversal of the trend from carbon sink to carbon source under the SSP3‐7.0 scenario, spatially distributed mainly in the Amazon rainforest, tropical Africa, and southern North America. Precipitation is also an important factor affecting the Svpt change, and there is an inverted U‐shaped relationship between them. Precipitation thresholds are higher under the high emission scenario when Svpt reaches its highest value. Moreover, socio‐demographic pressures in places like Central Africa and East Africa will offset the promotion of vegetation growth by warming; in the future, these countries should develop appropriate population and land management strategies to achieve socio‐ecosystems sustainable development.
Shared genetic architecture and causal relationship between sleep behaviors and lifespan
Authors: Wu Yong , Zhang Chu-Yi , Liu Xiaolan , Wang Lu , Li Ming , Li Yi , Xiao Xiao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPoor sleep health is associated with a wide array of increased risk for cardiovascular, metabolic and mental health problems as well as all-cause mortality in observational studies, suggesting potential links between sleep health and lifespan. However, it has yet to be determined whether sleep health is genetically or/and causally associated with lifespan. In this study, we firstly studied the genome-wide genetic association between four sleep behaviors (short sleep duration, long sleep duration, insomnia, and sleep chronotype) and lifespan using GWAS summary statistics, and both sleep duration time and insomnia were negatively correlated with lifespan. Then, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable MR analyses were applied to explore the causal effects between sleep behaviors and lifespan. We found that genetically predicted short sleep duration was causally and negatively associated with lifespan in univariable and multivariable MR analyses, and this effect was partially mediated by coronary artery disease (CAD), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and depression. In contrast, we found that insomnia had no causal effects on lifespan. Our results further confirmed the negative effects of short sleep duration on lifespan and suggested that extension of sleep may benefit the physical health of individuals with sleep loss. Further attention should be given to such public health issues.
Age at lung cancer diagnosis in females versus males who never smoke by race and ethnicity
Authors: Blechter Batel , Wong Jason Y. Y. , Chien Li-Hsin , Shiraishi Kouya , Shu Xiao-Ou , Cai Qiuyin , Zheng Wei , Ji Bu-Tian , Hu Wei , Rahman Mohammad L. , Jiang Hsin-Fang , Tsai Fang-Yu , Huang Wen-Yi , Gao Yu-Tang , Han Xijing , Steinwandel Mark D. , Yang Gong , Daida Yihe G. , Liang Su-Ying , Gomez Scarlett L. , DeRouen Mindy C. , Diver W. Ryan , Reddy Ananya G. , Patel Alpa V. , Le Marchand Loïc , Haiman Christopher , Kohno Takashi , Cheng Iona , Chang I-Shou , Hsiung Chao Agnes , Rothman Nathaniel , Lan Qing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
We characterized age at diagnosis and estimated sex differences for lung cancer and its histological subtypes among individuals who never smoke.

Methods
We analyzed the distribution of age at lung cancer diagnosis in 33,793 individuals across 8 cohort studies and two national registries from East Asia, the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK). Student’s t-tests were used to assess the study population differences (Δ years) in age at diagnosis comparing females and males who never smoke across subgroups defined by race/ethnicity, geographic location, and histological subtypes.

Results
We found that among Chinese individuals diagnosed with lung cancer who never smoke, females were diagnosed with lung cancer younger than males in the Taiwan Cancer Registry (n = 29,832) (Δ years = −2.2 (95% confidence interval (CI):−2.5, −1.9), in Shanghai (n = 1049) (Δ years = −1.6 (95% CI:-2.9, −0.3), and in Sutter Health and Kaiser Permanente Hawaiʽi in the US (n = 82) (Δ years = −11.3 (95% CI: −17.7, −4.9). While there was a suggestion of similar patterns in African American and non-Hispanic White individuals. the estimated differences were not consistent across studies and were not statistically significant.

Conclusions
We found evidence of sex differences for age at lung cancer diagnosis among individuals who never smoke.
Predicting the formation of NADES using a transformer-based model
Authors: Ayres Lucas B. , Gomez Federico J. V. , Silva Maria Fernanda , Linton Jeb R. , Garcia Carlos D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe application of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and food industries represents one of the fastest growing fields of green chemistry, as these mixtures can potentially replace traditional organic solvents. These advances are, however, limited by the development of new NADES which is today, almost exclusively empirically driven and often derivative from known mixtures. To overcome this limitation, we propose the use of a transformer-based machine learning approach. Here, the transformer-based neural network model was first pre-trained to recognize chemical patterns from SMILES representations (unlabeled general chemical data) and then fine-tuned to recognize the patterns in strings that lead to the formation of either stable NADES or simple mixtures of compounds not leading to the formation of stable NADES (binary classification). Because this strategy was adapted from language learning, it allows the use of relatively small datasets and relatively low computational resources. The resulting algorithm is capable of predicting the formation of multiple new stable eutectic mixtures (n = 337) from a general database of natural compounds. More importantly, the system is also able to predict the components and molar ratios needed to render NADES with new molecules (not present in the training database), an aspect that was validated using previously reported NADES as well as by developing multiple novel solvents containing ibuprofen. We believe this strategy has the potential to transform the screening process for NADES as well as the pharmaceutical industry, streamlining the use of bioactive compounds as functional components of liquid formulations, rather than simple solutes.