bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does a simultaneous ventral/dorsal approach provide better reduction quality in treating acetabular fracture involving both columns with displaced posterior wall?
Authors: Yu Yi-Hsun , Chen I-Jung , Lai Chih-Yang , Hsu Yung-Heng , Chou Ying-Chao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Various surgical techniques have been proposed to manage acetabular fractures involving both columns with posterior wall displacement. However, the optimal surgical approach to achieve satisfactory reduction quality remains controversial.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study evaluated 34 patients with fractures who were treated at a single medical institution. The patients were divided into two groups according to the ventral/dorsal surgical approach employed: simultaneous (SI) and sequential (SE). Perioperative parameters, as well as radiological and functional outcomes, were analyzed and compared between the two groups.

Results
The SI and SE groups comprised 9 and 23 out of the 34 patients, respectively. The SI group exhibited a significantly shorter surgical time and lower estimated blood loss than the SE group (p = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively). The quality of reductions of the anterior and posterior columns was similar between the two groups; however, superior reduction in the fracture gap of the posterior wall was observed in the SI group, as revealed by axial and coronal computed tomography scans.

Conclusions
A simultaneous ventral and dorsal approach through the pararectus and the modified Gibson approach confer clinical advantages in reducing the fracture gap, surgical time, and intraoperative blood loss when managing acetabular fractures involving both columns and a displaced posterior wall. Therefore, these surgical approaches may be considered to be optimal for achieving satisfactory reduction quality in such fractures.
Optimising the Orthopaedic Trauma Society Open Fracture Classification system: a proposal for modification in the context of high civilian gunshot fractures
Authors: Lunga Zamalunga , Laubscher Maritz , Graham Simon Matthew , Held Michael , Ferreira Nando , Magampa Ramanare , Maqungo Sithombo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Uniformly classifying long bone open fractures is challenging. The purpose of this study was to propose a modified Orthopaedic Trauma Society (OTS) Open Fracture Classification System, developed in a setting with a high incidence of civilian gunshot fractures.

Methods
From our prospectively collected database, we identified all patients with open tibia and femur fractures treated with intramedullary nailing over a 4 year period. All open fractures were retrospectively reclassified from the Gustilo-Anderson Classification system to the OTS Open Fracture Classification System.

Results
One hundred and thirty-seven cases were identified. Ninety per cent of subjects were males. Their mean age was 34 years. The most common mechanism of injury was low-velocity civilian gunshot wounds (GSW) in 54.7% of cases. Soft tissue management was primary closure in 23.4% and soft tissue reconstruction in 24.1%. In 52.6% of cases (these all being secondary to civilian GSW), soft tissue management was healing via secondary intention. This is not included as a soft tissue management option in the OTS classification system. Fracture reclassification using the OTS Open Fracture Classification System was only possible in 47.5% of cases (Simple in 23.4%, Complex B in 24.1%).

Conclusion
We conclude that the OTS Open Fracture Classification System is not inclusive of all open tibia and femur fractures as it does not cater for gunshot fractures. We propose a modification as follows: alter ‘wound debridement’ to ‘appropriate wound care’ and to subcategorise ‘Simple’ into type A and B: healing via secondary intention and primary closure, respectively.
Redox cationic frontal polymerization: a rapid curing approach for carbon fiber-reinforced composites with high fiber content
Authors: Malik Muhammad Salman , Wolfahrt Markus , Pinter Gerald , Schlögl Sandra 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConventional frontal polymerization processes for epoxy-based composites rely on cations and radicals generated by a short (and local) light or heat stimulus in the presence of an iodonium salt and a radical thermal initiator. However, due to heat losses, the propagation of the exothermic curing front is often limited by sample geometry and filler concentration. Redox cationic frontal polymerization (RCFP) is a promising approach to radically expand the composition and design options of frontally cured epoxy-based composites. By adding stannous octoate as reducing agent, a higher number of radicals and cations are generated at lower temperature, which yields highly cured composite even at elevated filler content. In the current study, RCFP was used to cure standard unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced composites based on a commercially available epoxy resin and the properties were compared with its anhydride hardener-cured counterpart. Cure degree and thermal properties of the resins were determined by ATR FT-IR spectroscopy and DMA analysis. Subsequently, unidirectional composites with a fiber volume content of ~ 60% were produced via vacuum infusion and subjected to DMA, tensile, compression, and inter-laminar shear tests. The results showed a remarkable similarity between mechanical properties of RCFP and anhydride hardener-cured composites. The RCFP-cured composites exhibited even a higher damping resistance and compression strength than anhydride hardener-cured composites. The results show that RCFP allows for a significant reduction in the curing time (from several hours to 60 min), while it yields composites with properties comparable to classic anhydride-cured systems.
Graphical abstract
“I’m on My Own and I’m Not Trained”: A Cultural-Historical Activity Theory Analysis of Teaching Mathematics Out-of-Field in a Small School
Authors: Quinn Frances , Hobbs Linda 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper employs Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) as an analytical heuristic in exploring the internationally prevalent situation of teaching out-of-field. Drawing on interview transcripts, we use CHAT to frame the activity of a young teacher teaching mathematics out-of-field in a small rural K-12 school in Australia. We identify and map some important elements and tensions of out-of-field mathematics teaching, how these tensions change over time and how this activity interacts with in-field teaching. Finally, we consider emotions and identity in relation to the structural elements of CHAT mediational triangles to more fully explore and represent some of the complexities of teaching mathematics out-of-field in a small rural school and implications for responding to the out-of-field phenomenon.
Regional variation in the distribution of patterned fens in the montane-boreal regions of Alberta, Canada
Authors: Vitt Dale H. , House Melissa , Glaeser Lilyan C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPeatlands represent an important part of the landscape of boreal western Canada, occupying some 365,157 km2. Sixty-three percent of these are minerogenous fens. Scattered among these fens are landscape features that have unique and distinctive patterns—pools and carpets (flarks) separated by raised linear ‘strings’. These patterned fens harbor rare and uncommon species and serve as habitats for endangered wildlife (e.g., woodland caribou, whooping cranes). In this study, utilizing Google Earth Pro (1) we documented 1083 ribbed fens and 250 reticulate fens in the province of Alberta, Canada; (2) determined the regional variation in patterned fen occurrences; (3) described the various morphological forms of patterned fens; and (4) recognized these as six distinctive peatland site-types. Patterned fens are not randomly arranged on the landscape. Ribbed fens are concentrated on regional high elevational uplands and montane benchlands with morainal deposits, while reticulate fens are more numerous on low elevation plains with glacial-fluvial and glacial-lacustrine deposits. Patterned fens vary along minerotrophic vegetation and chemical gradients and have a complex set of morphological types. To our knowledge, this is the first study that provides base line information on the abundance and distribution of patterned fens in Alberta and associates morphological patterned fen types with environmental or geological characteristics. The digital files and maps provide a permanent record against which future change can be compared.
Predictive ability of both the healthy aging index and the frailty index for all-cause mortality
Authors: Diaz-Toro Felipe , Nazar Gabriela , Araya Alejandra-Ximena , Petermann-Rocha Fanny 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Aim
We aimed to develop and assess a modified healthy aging index (HAI) among Chileans aged 60 years and older and compare its predictive ability for all-cause mortality risk with the frailty index (FI).

Methods
This prospective study analyzed data from the Chilean National Health Survey (CNHS) conducted in 2009–2010. We included 847 adults with complete data to construct the HAI and FI. The HAI comprised five indicators (lung function, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, cognitive status, and glomerular filtration rate), while the FI assessed frailty using a 36-item scale. HAI scores were calculated by summing the indicator scores, ranging from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating poorer health. Receiver operating curves (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess predictive validity. Associations with all-cause mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted by confounders.

Results
The mean HAI score was 4.06, while the FI score was 0.24. The AUC for mortality was higher for the HAI than the FI (0.640, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.601 to 0.679 vs. 0.586, 95% CI 0.545 to 0.627). After adjusting for confounders, the FI showed a higher mortality risk compared to the HAI (2.63, 95% CI 1.76 to 3.51 vs. 1.16, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.26).

Conclusion
The FI and HAI were valid predictors for all-cause mortality in the Chilean population. Integrating these indices into research and clinical practice can significantly enhance our capacity to identify at-risk individuals.
Path tracking control of a steerable catheter in transcatheter cardiology interventions
Authors: Zhang Xiu , Sridhar Aditya , Ha Xuan Thao , Mehdi Syed Zain , Fortuna Andrea , Magro Mattia , Peloso Angela , Bicchi Anna , Ourak Mouloud , Aliverti Andrea , Votta Emiliano , Vander Poorten Emmanuel , De Momi Elena 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose

Intracardiac transcatheter interventions allow for reducing trauma and hospitalization stays as compared to standard surgery. In the treatment of mitral regurgitation, the most widely adopted transcatheter approach consists in deploying a clip on the mitral valve leaflets by means of a catheter that is run through veins from a peripheral access to the left atrium. However, precise manipulation of the catheter from outside the body while copying with the path constraints imposed by the vessels remains challenging.

Methods

We proposed a path tracking control framework that provides adequate motion commands to the robotic steerable catheter for autonomous navigation through vascular lumens. The proposed work implements a catheter kinematic model featuring nonholonomic constraints. Relying on the real-time measurements from an electromagnetic sensor and a fiber Bragg grating sensor, a two-level feedback controller was designed to control the catheter.

Results

The proposed method was tested in a patient-specific vessel phantom. A median position error between the center line of the vessel and the catheter tip trajectory was found to be below 2 mm, with a maximum error below 3 mm. Statistical testing confirmed that the performance of the proposed method exhibited no significant difference in both free space and the contact region.

Conclusion

The preliminary in vitro studies presented in this paper showed promising accuracy in navigating the catheter within the vessel. The proposed approach enables autonomous control of a steerable catheter for transcatheter cardiology interventions without the request of calibrating the intuitive parameters or acquiring a training dataset.
Microstructural Feature Extraction by a Convolutional Neural Network for Cold Spray of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Tu Siyu , Vo Phuong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe use of process–microstructure–property relationships for cold spray can significantly reduce application development cost and time compared to legacy trial and error strategies. However, due to the heterogeneous microstructure of a cold spray deposit, with (prior) particle boundaries outlining consolidated splats (deformed particles) in the as-spray condition, the use of automated analysis methods is challenging. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of quantitative data developed from a convolutional neural network (CNN) for feature extraction of cold spray microstructures. Specifically, the power of CNN is harnessed to automatically segment the deformed particles, which is hardly accessible at scale with traditional image processing techniques. Deposits produced with various processing conditions are evaluated with metallography. Parameters related to particle morphology such as flattening ratio are also quantified and correlated to strength.
Factors Associated with Statin Discontinuation Following Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis of 2012–2021 Electronic Medical Records Network Data
Authors: Alsuhibani Abdulrahman A , Al-Obeed Omar A , Wigle Patricia R. , Alsultan Mohammed M. , Guo Jeff J , Lin Alex C. , Rao Marepalli B , Hincapie Ana L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Bariatric surgery has been shown to improve hyperlipidemia, decreasing the need for statin medications. Although maintaining statin therapy post-surgery for those with a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is advised, it is uncertain if discontinuation risks differ between those with and without ASCVD history.

Aim
The study aims to analyze the rate and reasons for statin cessation post-bariatric surgery in the US using real-world data.

Methods
Using the TriNetX electronic medical records network from 2012 to 2021, the study involved patients aged 18 or older on statins at the time of bariatric surgery. They were categorized into primary and secondary prevention groups based on prior ASCVD. Statin discontinuation was defined as a 90-day gap post the last statin dosage. The Cox model assessed factors influencing statin cessation.

Results
Seven hundred and thirty-three statin users undergoing bariatric surgery were identified, with 564 (77%) in primary prevention. Six months post-surgery, 48% of primary prevention patients and 34.5% of secondary ones stopped statins. Primary prevention patients had a 30% higher likelihood of cessation compared to secondary prevention (hazard ratio, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.06–1.60) as shown by multivariable analysis.

Conclusions
Post-bariatric surgery, primary prevention patients are more likely to discontinue statins than secondary prevention patients.

Graphical Abstract
Robotic surgery: public perceptions and current misconceptions
Authors: Brar Gurneet , Xu Siyang , Anwar Mehreen , Talajia Kareena , Ramesh Nikilesh , Arshad Serish R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhilst surgeons and robotic companies are key stakeholders involved in the adoption of robotic assisted surgery (RS), the public’s role is overlooked. However, given that patients hold ultimate power over their healthcare decisions, public acceptance of RS is crucial. Therefore, this study aims to identify public understanding, opinions, and misconceptions about RS. An online questionnaire distributed between February and May 2021 ascertained the views of UK adults on RS. The themes of questions included familiarity, experience and comfort with RS, opinions on its ethical implications, and the impact of factual information provided to the participant. The data were evaluated using thematic and statistical analysis, including assessing for statistical differences in age, gender, education level, and presence in the medical field. Overall, 216 responses were analysed. Participants were relatively uninformed about RS, with a median knowledge score of 4.00(2.00–6.00) on a 10-point Likert scale. Fears surrounding increased risk, reduced precision and technological failure were identified, alongside misconceptions about its autonomous nature. However, providing factual information in the survey about RS statistically increased participant comfort (p = < 0.0001). Most (61.8%) participants believed robot manufacturers were responsible for malfunctions, but doctors were held accountable more by older, less educated, and non-medical participants. Our findings suggest that there is limited public understanding of RS. The numerous common misconceptions identified present a major barrier to the widespread acceptance of RS, since inaccurate fears about its nature could discourage potential patients from engaging with robotic procedures.
Promoting advanced medical services in the framework of 3PM—a proof-of-concept by the “Centro” Region of Portugal
Authors: Regateiro Fernando J. , Silva Henriqueta , Lemos Manuel C. , Moura Gabriela , Torres Pedro , Pereira André Dias , Dias Luís , Ferreira Pedro L. , Amaral Sara , Santos Manuel A. S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMultidisciplinary team from three universities based in the “Centro” Region of Portugal developed diverse approaches as parts of a project dedicated to enhancing and expanding Predictive, Preventive, and Personalized Medicine (3PM) in the Region. In a sense, outcomes acted as a proof-of-concept, in that they demonstrated the feasibility, but also the relevance of the approaches. The accomplishments comprise defining a new regional strategy for implementing 3PM within the Region, training of human resources in genomic sequencing, and generating good practices handbooks dedicated to diagnostic testing via next-generation sequencing, to legal and ethical concerns, and to knowledge transfer and entrepreneurship, aimed at increasing literacy on 3PM approaches. Further approaches also included support for entrepreneurship development and start-ups, and diverse and relevant initiatives aimed at increasing literacy relevant to 3PM. Efforts to enhance literacy encompassed citizens across the board, from patients and high school students to health professionals and health students. This focus on empowerment through literacy involved a variety of initiatives, including the creation of an illustrated book on genomics and the production of two theater plays centered on genetics. Additionally, authors stressed that genomic tools are relevant, but they are not the only resources 3PM is based on. Thus, they defend that other initiatives intended to enable citizens to take 3PM should include multi-omics and, having in mind the socio-economic burden of chronic diseases, suboptimal health status approaches in the 3PM framework should also be considered, in order to anticipate medical intervention in the subclinical phase.
Impact of Media Information on Social Response in Disasters: A Case Study of the Freezing-Rain and Snowstorm Disasters in Southern China in 2008
Authors: He Jia , Duan Wenjing , Zhou Yuxuan , Su Yun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDisaster information content is an objective mapping of disaster situations, social response, and public opinions. Social response to emergency is an important mechanism for implementing and guaranteeing emergency management of major natural hazard-related disasters. Understanding how disaster information content affects social response to emergencies is helpful for managing risk communication and efficient disaster response. Based on the 2008 freezing-rain and snowstorm disasters in southern China, this study used Python to extract 7,857 case-related media reports and applied natural language processing for text analysis. It used three typical cases to identify and analyze disaster media report content and the relationship between these reports and the social response to the emergency. Eight categories of disaster response—such as prewarning and forecasting, announcements by the authorities, and social mobilization—appeared in the disaster information in the media, along with disaster impact information, that is, real-time disaster status. Disaster response information and an appropriate amount of disaster impact information played important roles in prewarning, disaster relief, public opinion guidance, and social stability maintenance and can serve important functions in communicating with all stakeholders of emergency management, assisting or influencing emergency departments or individuals in decision making, and eliminating “information islands.” Empathy caused the general public to become “disaster responders” through receiving information. Rumors and an excess of negative information may have a perverse amplification effect on public opinion and increase the unpredictability of the disaster situation and the risk of social crisis.
Adaptive normal vector guided evolutionary multi- and many-objective optimization
Authors: Hua Yicun , Liu Qiqi , Hao Kuangrong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMost existing multi-objective evolutionary algorithms relying on fixed reference vectors originating from an ideal or a nadir point may fail to perform well on multi- and many-objective optimization problems with various convexity or shapes of Pareto fronts. A possible reason could be the inaccurate measurement of the diversity of solutions or the failure of the fixed reference vectors in guiding the rapidly changing population. To meet this challenge, this work develops an adaptive normal reference vector-based decomposition strategy for guiding the search process, which is able to handle various convexity and shapes of Pareto fronts. Specifically, the normal vector passing through the center of each cluster in a constructed hyperplane is adopted as the reference vector for guiding the search process. Then, a selection strategy is put forward based on the positions of solutions in the current population and the normal vectors for the environmental selection. Based on the adaptive normal vectors, the proposed algorithm can not only rapidly adapt to the changing population but also alleviate the influence of the convexity of Pareto fronts on the measurement of diversity. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs consistently well on various types of multi-/many-objective problems having regular or irregular Pareto fronts. In addition, the proposed algorithm is shown to perform well in the optimization of the polyester fiber esterification process.