bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibody discovery identifies regulatory mechanisms of protein arginine deiminase 4
Authors: Zhou Xin , Kong Sophie , Maker Allison , Remesh Soumya G. , Leung Kevin K. , Verba Kliment A. , Wells James A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnlocking the potential of protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) as a drug target for rheumatoid arthritis requires a deeper understanding of its regulation. In this study, we use unbiased antibody selections to identify functional antibodies capable of either activating or inhibiting PAD4 activity. Through cryogenic-electron microscopy, we characterized the structures of these antibodies in complex with PAD4 and revealed insights into their mechanisms of action. Rather than steric occlusion of the substrate-binding catalytic pocket, the antibodies modulate PAD4 activity through interactions with allosteric binding sites adjacent to the catalytic pocket. These binding events lead to either alteration of the active site conformation or the enzyme oligomeric state, resulting in modulation of PAD4 activity. Our study uses antibody engineering to reveal new mechanisms for enzyme regulation and highlights the potential of using PAD4 agonist and antagonist antibodies for studying PAD4-dependency in disease models and future therapeutic development.
De novo Phased Genome Assembly, Annotation and Population Genotyping of Alectoris Chukar
Authors: Zhou Hao , Huang Xunhe , Liu Jiajia , Ding Jinmei , Xu Ke , Zhu Wenqi , He Chuan , Yang Lingyu , Zhu Jianshen , Han Chengxiao , Qin Chao , Luo Huaixi , Chen Kangchun , Jiang Shengyao , Shi Yurou , Zeng Jinyuan , Weng Zhuoxian , Xu Yongjie , Wang Qing , Zhong Ming , Du Bingwang , Song Sen , Meng He 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Alectoris Chukar (chukar) is the most geographically widespread partridge species in the world, demonstrating exceptional adaptability to diverse ecological environments. However, the scarcity of genetic resources for chukar has hindered research into its adaptive evolution and molecular breeding. In this study, we have sequenced and assembled a high-quality, phased chukar genome that consists of 31 pairs of relatively complete diploid chromosomes. Our BUSCO analysis reported a high completeness score of 96.8% and 96.5%, with respect to universal single-copy orthologs and a low duplication rate (0.3% and 0.5%) for two assemblies. Through resequencing and population genomic analyses of six subspecies, we have curated invaluable genotype data that underscores the adaptive evolution of chukar in response to both arid and high-altitude environments. These data will significantly contribute to research on how chukars adaptively evolve to cope with desertification and alpine climates.
Mitigation of water stress in broccoli by soil application of humic acid
Authors: Ibrahim Ehab A. , Ebrahim Noura E. S. , Mohamed Gehan Z. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe main challenge to plant productivity is water scarcity, which is predicted to get worse with climate change, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas. Humic acid could improve plant tolerance to mitigate drought damage, which is an effective strategy to improve crop production and agriculture sustainability under limited water conditions in these regions, but its effective application rates should also be established. Thus, two field experiments were carried out at the Qaha Vegetable Research Farm in Qalubia Governorate, Egypt, during the two seasons of 2020–21 and 2021–22 on clay soil. The present study investigated the effect of three rates of humic acid application (0, 4.8, and 9.6 kg ha-1) on growth, yield, and quality of broccoli cv. Montop F1 hybrid under well-watered and drought conditions. Drought was induced by missing alternate irrigation. Soluble humic acid as potassium-humate was applied three times with irrigation water at the time of the first three irrigations of drought treatment. Water-stressed plants had a decrease in growth, yield, leaf chlorophyll, and nutrient content, while they showed an increase in the contents of leaf proline and curd dry matter and total soluble solids as well as water use efficiency, in both seasons. Soil application of humic acid was effective in mitigating the adverse effects of water deficit stress on the growth and yield of broccoli. Water-stressed plants had the highest WUE value (9.32 and 9.36 kg m3−1 in the first and second seasons, respectively) when the maximal humic acid rate was applied. Humic acid at a high level (9.6 kg ha−1) had the most promising results and represents an opportunity that must be applied to improve broccoli yield and its production sustainability in arid and semiarid regions.
Joint effect of BMI and metabolic status on mortality among adults: a population-based longitudinal study in United States
Authors: Chen Feilong , Shi Yunping , Yu Miao , Hu Yuehua , Li Tao , Cheng Yijing , Xu Tao , Liu Junting 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe explored the joint effects of different metabolic obesity phenotypes on all-cause and disease-specific mortality risk among the American population. Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018. Mortality outcome data were from mortality files linked to National Death Index record and follow-up information was up to December 31, 2019. 50,013 participants were finally included. Four metabolic obesity phenotypes were defined based on obesity and metabolic status: metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO), metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO), and metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUNO). Population-weighted Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the all-cause and disease-specific mortality risk of metabolic obesity phenotypes. The all-cause mortality risk of MUO and MUNO was significantly higher than MHNO. MUNO was associated with a significantly increased risk of death from heart disease (HR: 1.40, 95% CI 1.16–1.70), hypertension (HR: 1.68, 95% CI 1.34–2.12), diabetes (HR: 2.29, 95% CI 1.67–3.15), and malignant neoplasms (HR:1.29, 95% CI 1.09–1.53). Metabolic unhealth significantly increased the risk of all-cause mortality, regardless of obesity status. Among individuals with metabolic unhealthy status, obesity significantly reduced the risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.91, 95% CI 0.85–0.98). Our study highlights the importance of identifying and characterizing metabolic obesity phenotypes in obese and metabolically abnormal patients, as well as healthy adults. Comprehensive evaluation of obesity and metabolic status is necessary to adopt appropriate interventions and treatment measures and maximize patient benefit.
Amlexanox attenuates LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses in microglial cells via inhibition of NF–κB and STAT3 signaling pathways
Authors: Phan Van Thach , Huyen Ton Nu Bao Tien , Leya Mwense , Zhou Zixiong , Jeong Hyuneui , Lim Chae-Woong , Kim Bumseok 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmlexanox is an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic agent used clinically for the treatment of aphthous ulcers, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Recent studies have demonstrated that amlexanox, a selective inhibitor of IkB kinase epsilon (IKKε) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), suppresses a range of diseases or inflammatory conditions, such as obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. However, the effects of amlexanox on neuroinflammatory responses to amlexanox have not yet been comprehensively studied. In this study, we investigated the novel therapeutic effect of amlexanox on LPS-induced neuroinflammation in vivo, and intraperitoneal injection of amlexanox markedly reduced LPS-induced IKKε levels, proinflammatory cytokines, and microglial activation, as evidenced by ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) immunostaining. Furthermore, amlexanox significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in LPS-induced bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM), murine BV2, and human HMC3 microglial cells. This data provided considerable evidence that amlexanox can be used as a preventive and curative therapy for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. In terms of mechanism aspects, our results demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory action of amlexanox in BV2 microglial cells was through the downregulation of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways. In addition, the combination of amlexanox and SPI (a STAT3 selective inhibitor) showed high efficiency in inhibiting the production of neurotoxic and pro-inflammatory mediators. Overall, our data provide rational insights into the mechanisms of amlexanox as a potential therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation-related diseases.
Identification and preliminary analysis of hub genes associated with bladder cancer progression by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Wang Han , Liu Junjie , Lou Yanyan , Liu Yang , Chen Jieqing , Liao Xinhui , Zhang Xiuming , Zhou Chengzhi , Mei Hongbing , Tang Aifa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBladder cancer (BC) is a crisis to human health. It is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms of the development and progression of BC to determine treatment options. Publicly available expression data were obtained from TCGA and GEO databases to spot differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between cancer and normal bladder tissues. Weighted co-expression networks were constructed, and Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Associations in hub genes, immune infiltration, and immune therapy were evaluated separately. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks for the genes identified in the normal and tumor groups were launched. 3461 DEGs in the TCGA dataset and 1069 DEGs in the GSE dataset were identified, including 87 overlapping genes between cancer and normal bladder groups. Hub genes in the tumor group were mainly enriched for cell proliferation, while hub genes in the normal group were related to the synthesis and secretion of neurotransmitters. Based on survival analysis, CDH19, RELN, PLP1, and TRIB3 were considerably associated with prognosis (P < 0.05). CDH19, RELN, PLP1, and TRIB3 may play important roles in the development of BC and are potential biomarkers in therapy and prognosis.
A Long-Term Follow-Up Study on the Auditory Performance and Speech Intelligibility of Mandarin-Speaking Prelingually Deaf Children With Isolated Large Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome After Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Meng Chao , Guo Qianqian , Kong Ying , Lyu Jing , Chen Xueqing 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the auditory performance and speech perception of 104 children with isolated large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS) and 523 children with no inner ear malformation (IEM) for 5 years after cochlear implantation, in order to explore whether isolated LVAS can affect the long-term hearing and speech rehabilitation of deaf children after cochlear implantation.

Method:
A cohort study was established consisting of 627 children who underwent cochlear implantation at Beijing Tongren Hospital from 1999 to 2016. The children were examined at 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months after cochlear implantation to assess their auditory performance and speech perception using the Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) questionnaires.

Results:
The CAP scores of the isolated LVAS group increased significantly during the baseline to the 24th month, after which they gradually rose until reaching the plateau during the 24th to the 60th month. The CAP scores of the non-IEM group increased significantly during the baseline to the 36th month and then increased steadily. The SIR scores went up significantly during the baseline to the 48th month, and increased in a gradual manner in other stages of isolated LVAS evaluation. In comparison, The SIR scores of non-IEM group grew remarkably from the baseline to the 60th month. There were no significant differences in the CAP or SIR scores between isolated LVAS and non-IEM groups in each stage of evaluation, with the only exception being the CAP score at baseline month after cochlear implantation.

Conclusions:
The CAP and SIR questionnaires are helpful tools for quantifying the early hearing and speech skills of younger prelingually deafened cochlear implant recipients. This long-term follow-up study shows that the speech and hearing development of children in isolated LVAS and non-IEM groups follow similar patterns, and isolated LVAS does not affect the long-term rehabilitation of deaf children after cochlear implantation.
Systemtherapie des Peniskarzinoms – neue Konzepte? Neue Erfolge?
Authors: Hakenberg Oliver , Dräger Desiree Louise 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die systemische Chemotherapie wird seit Jahren mit beim metastasierten Peniskarzinom angewandt, jedoch nur mit begrenztem Erfolg. Ihre Bedeutung liegt überwiegend im Rahmen der multimodalen Therapie bei lymphogener Metastasierung in Zusammenhang mit radikaler Lymphknotenchirurgie. Bei begrenztem Lymphknotenbefall kann die Kombination von operativer Therapie mit cisplatin- und taxanhaltigen Dreifachkombinationen kurativ sein.

Fortschritte im Verständnis der molekularen Veränderungen beim Peniskarzinom und die Suche nach potenziellen Therapietargets haben zur Auflegung zahlreicher Studien geführt. Trotz Hinweisen auf die Wirksamkeit von Immuntherapeutika haben sich bislang jedoch keine wesentlichen therapeutischen Verbesserungen für die klinische Praxis ergeben.
„Zellpiraten“ im Darm – Virusinfektionen des Gastrointestinaltraktes
Authors: Rüffer Andreas , Eckert Michaela 
Published: February 2024

SummaryZu den wichtigsten Magen-Darm-Infektionen verursachenden Viren zählen die Adeno-, Astro-, Noro-, Rota- und Sapoviren. Sie verursachen einen Brechdurchfall, der in den meisten Fällen selbstlimitierend ist. Die Therapie bei einem viralen Magen-Darm-Infekt ist nur symptomatisch möglich. Im Fokus steht hierbei insbesondere der Flüssigkeits- und Elektrolytersatz. Laut aktueller Leitlinie werden Probiotika zur Behandlung infektiöser Gastroenteritiden nicht empfohlen. In Hinblick auf die Bedeutung der Darmmikrobiota für den Verlauf von Virusinfektionen erscheint eine zumindest unterstützende probiotische Therapie durchaus sinnvoll. Pflanzliche bzw. mineralische Antidiarrhoika wie Uzara, Apfelpulver, Tannin, Kohle, Heilerde oder Myrrhe werden in der aktuellen Leitlinie aufgrund fehlender kontrollierter Studien nicht empfohlen, können aber durchaus hilfreich sein.
Synthesis of Alkyl Thiochromano[2,3-c]pyrrole-9-carboxylate Derivatives Utilizing Benzo[b]thiofuran-2,3-dione, Maleimides, and Alkyl Alcohol/Water Mixtures
Authors: Zahra Jalal A. , El-Abadelah Mustafa M. , Abadleh Mohammed M. , Sabri Salim S. , Abuzaid Rania R. , Schollmeyer Dieter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA set of thiochromano[2,3-c]pyrrolidine-1,3-diones, incorporating α-hydroxy esters and their acids at the C-9 position, was prepared via direct interaction involving benzo[b]thiofuran-2,3-diones, maleimides, and alkyl alcohols in water at 90 °C. Structures of the new products were deduced from HRMS and NMR spectral data and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. An insight into a proposed pathway involving a sequential Michael conjugate addition (initiated by the sulfur atom) and an aldol-type reaction is presented.
Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder as Important Risk Factors for Gestational Metabolic Dysfunction
Authors: Rocha Mariana , Daniels Keziah , Chandrasekaran Suchitra , Michopoulos Vasiliki 
Published: February 2024

Gestational metabolic diseases adversely impact the health of pregnant persons and their offspring. Pregnant persons of color are impacted disproportionately by gestational metabolic disease, highlighting the need to identify additional risk factors contributing to racial-ethnic pregnancy-related health disparities. Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with increased risk for cardiometabolic disorders in nonpregnant persons, making them important factors to consider when identifying contributors to gestational metabolic morbidity and mortality health disparities. Here, we review current literature investigating trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder as psychosocial risk factors for gestational metabolic disorders, inclusive of gestational diabetes, low birth weight and fetal growth restriction, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia. We also discuss the physiological mechanisms by which trauma and PTSD may contribute to gestational metabolic disorders. Ultimately, understanding the biological underpinnings of how trauma and PTSD, which disproportionately impact people of color, influence risk for gestational metabolic dysfunction is critical to developing therapeutic interventions that reduce complications arising from gestational metabolic disease.
Key Points
Novel Asymmetric Y Design of Fascial Sling for Restoration of Oral Competence and Adequate Mouth Opening in Oral Commissure Defects Post-Malignancy Resection
Authors: Brajesh Vimalendu , Singh Sukhdeep , Sarin Deepak , Aggarwal Aditya , Mahendru Sanjay , Singh Hardeep , Khazanchi Rakesh Kumar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractReconstruction of through-and-through defects of cheek and commissure resulting from cancer resection are challenging. The specialized function of oral competence that the oral commissure and lip play is difficult to replicate with flap only reconstruction. Static slings play an important role in improving the functional and aesthetic outcome. The asymmetric “y” fascial sling helps in achieving the goals of oral competence along with adequate mouth opening. A total of 10 patients were operated by this technique. The results were satisfactory in terms of functional and aesthetic outcome postsurgery and were maintained 6 months postradiation.
Aptis Distal Radioulnar Joint Implant: Management of Remarkable Complications
Authors: Stougie Shirley D. , Kemme Frederique M. , Coert J. Henk , Oonk Joris G. M. , Plugge Lara , Doesburg Margriet H. M. van 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background The aim of an Aptis distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) implant is to reconstruct the DRUJ in patients with a destroyed, painful DRUJ, and gross ulnar instability. The literature is scarce regarding the management of (severe) early complications related to the Aptis implant in wrists with more rare conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, congenital malformations, or leiomyosarcoma of the distal ulna.
Purpose This paper describes the clinical results, (severe) early complications related to the implant, revision surgery, patient satisfaction with the revision surgery, and esthetic appearance of the affected wrist in this specific cohort.
Patients and Methods Retrospective evaluation of five consecutive patients with a short-to-medium follow-up time of 32 months (range: 18–53 months) was carried out.
Results The follow-up revealed implant osseointegration failure in two cases, periprosthetic fractures in two cases, and acute carpal tunnel syndrome in one case. Three Aptis DRUJ arthroplasties were converted into a proximal Darrach. In four cases (80%), the patient was satisfied with the revision surgery due to pain reduction. In four cases (80%), the esthetic appearance of the affected wrist was found disappointing.
Conclusion This study describes remarkable complications related to the Aptis implants in wrists with more rare conditions. The implant is more likely to fail in wrists with poor bone stock, remodeling of the radius, deformation, and malformation of the radius. The range of indications for the usage of the implant to maintain wrist function may be strict.
Level of Evidence IV.
Spinor fields, CPTM symmetry and smallness of cosmological constant in framework of extended manifold
Authors: Bondarenko S , La Hoz-Coronell V De 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A model of an extended manifold for the Dirac spinor field is considered. Two Lagrangians related by charge-parity-time-mass symmetry are constructed for a pair of the Dirac spinor fields with each spinor field defined in a separate manifold. An interaction between the matter fields in the manifolds is introduced through gravity. A fermionic effective action of the general system is constructed and a tadpole one-loop spinor diagram and part of the one-loop vacuum diagrams with two external gravitational off-shell fields which contribute to the effective action are calculated. It is demonstrated that among different versions of the second spinor Lagrangian there is a special one for which a cancellation of the mentioned diagrams in the total effective action takes place. As a result, the diagrams do not contribute to the cosmological constant, as well there is a zero contribution of the zero point energies of the spinor fields to the action. The non-zero leading order value of the cosmological constant for each manifold in the framework is proportional to the trace of an momentum–energy tensor of each separated manifold or difference of the tensors of the related manifolds. The result is depending on the chosen model of interaction of gravitational fields with fermions, the different possibilities are discussed. An appearance of the dark matter in the model is shortly discussed as well as further applications of the approach and it is interconnections with other cosmology models.
A deep learning enhanced inverse scattering framework for microwave imaging of piece-wise homogeneous targets
Authors: Yago Ruiz Álvaro , Nikolic Stevanovic Maria , Cavagnaro Marta , Crocco Lorenzo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present a framework for the solution of inverse scattering problems that integrates traditional imaging methods and deep learning. The goal is to image piece-wise homogeneous targets and it is pursued in three steps. First, raw-data are processed via orthogonality sampling method to obtain a qualitative image of the targets. Then, such an image is fed into a U-Net. In order to take advantage of the implicitly sparse nature of the information to be retrieved, the network is trained to retrieve a map of the spatial gradient of the unknown contrast. Finally, such an augmented shape is turned into a map of the unknown permittivity by means of a simple post-processing. The framework is computationally effective, since all processing steps are performed in real-time. To provide an example of the achievable performance, Fresnel experimental data have been used as a validation.
Propagation properties and stability of dark solitons in weakly interacting Bose–Bose droplets
Authors: Kopyciński Jakub , Tüzemen Buğra , Górecki Wojciech , Pawłowski Krzysztof , Łebek Maciej 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We investigate dark solitons in two-component Bose systems with competing interactions in one dimension. Such a system hosts a liquid phase stabilized by the beyond-mean field corrections. Using the generalized Gross–Pitaevskii equation, we reveal the presence of two families of solitonic solutions. The solitons in both of them can be engineered to be arbitrarily wide. One family of solutions, however, has an anomalous dispersion relation, and our analyses show one of its branches is unstable. We find a critical velocity that demarcates the stable from unstable solutions. Nonetheless, gray anomalous solitons can exist inside quantum droplets and can be treated as solitonic excitations thereof.