bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Existe-t-il une procédure de codification du droit anglais ?
Authors: Samuel Geoffrey 
Published: January 2024

Is English Law in the Process of Being Codified ?
Codification supposes a formalised and orderly system of norms, an idea which remains foreign to English law. The basis of the common law consists of causes of action which give a different content to legal concepts depending of the case in hand. The training of lawyers and the limited role accorded to academic scholarship are serious and long-lasting obstacles to any attempts at codification.
La codification du droit européen par les institutions de l’Union
Authors: Crossland Gerald 
Published: January 2024

The Codification of European Law by the Institutions of the Union.
It is only recently that codification has featured amongst the central political questions being asked by the Commission in order to respond to the rising tide of criticism levelled at the chaotic state generated by the increase in legislation. Out of concern for transparency, for the accessibility of law and for succinctness, an accelerated process of codification of community law has been put into place by an agreement passed between the institutions of the Union. For the moment the project only concerns a codification of existing law, i.e. a compilation.
Le point de vue d’un parlementaire
Authors: Albertini Pierre 
Published: January 2024

A Member of Parliament's point of view.
For a Member of Parliament, codification must first of all be viewed in the context of its influence on the legal system. While not entirely remedying the incomplete nature of our law, codification nevertheless contributes to the qualitative improvement of the rule of law by giving a framework to a body of rules which are often disparate, and by eliminating contradictions which result from the accumulation of legal norms. Codification must also be understood from a practical point of view because it is of undeniable interest to the understanding and the operation of law, preceding and being indispensable to any more general consideration of the conception and effectiveness of our law.
La corruption : question morale ou problème d’organisation de l’État ?
Authors: Mény Yves 
Published: January 2024

Corruption : a Question of Morality or a Problem of State Organisation ?
As an ethical problem, the practice of corruption nevertheless results, independently of the attitude of individuals, from mechanisms or institutions which allow it to continue, or at least do not rule it out. It is, thus, encouraged in situations where there is a conflict of interest required to be settled by a single individual, where there is too great an integration of pressure groups into the administration, where there is an ill-conceived devolution of power, and in cases of extreme politicisation of the highest strata of executive authority (at either national or local level). Every instance of corruption provides an illustration of the absence of the citizen and of the recipient of public services in an impoverished public debate.
La réforme du contentieux administratif
Authors: Gentot Michel 
Published: January 2024

Reform of Litigation Procedures Before the Administrative Courts.
Administrative courts have given rise to numerous criticisms. Slow and inefficient, they are disinterested in the consequences of their decisions and, with regard to their caseload, still refuse to exercise the powers normally attributed to a judge. In the light of these criticisms a number of reforms have been undertaken. Some concern the organisation of the court structure which has evolved considerably since the law of 31 December 1987. Others, notably those introduced by the law of 8 February 1995, have conferred new powers upon the judiciary in order to guarantee more effectively that administration respect its decisions. Finally, over the past few years case law has also developed a good deal in securing greater protection of the rights of citizens.
Le virage technologique au ministère du revenu du Québec
Authors: Paré P.-André , Ouellet Roger , Guérin Ghislain 
Published: January 2024

Turning Towards Technology at the Ministry for Revenue in Quebec.
Since 1994 the Ministry for Revenue has been using new information technology as a key means for improving its productivity. In the course of dealings with its clients the ministry has started to exchange information by electronic means, for example the electronic transfer of declarations of an individual’s income, the making of payments and the provision of State assistance by electronic methods. The priorities of the ministry are standardisation, security, use of intermediaries and transportation via a network which brings with it additional value. Difficulties have been encountered, the principle ones being the untested worth of electronic documentation, electronic signatures, the material limits of channels of communication and the lack of a cheap solution for businesses. The ministry’s other main project is its move towards becoming a paper-free office. To this end a variety of services have been introduced : electronic mail, management of computerised data, electronic libraries and specialised services for electronic communication.
La transformation de l’administration. Objectifs et contraintes
Authors: Cloete Fanie 
Published: January 2024

The Transformation of Public Service Purposes and Constraints.
Since 1990 political changes have had a considerable impact upon South-African public services. The evolution has naturally occurred in favour of groups which were previously excluded because the aim has been to work towards the realisation of public services which are ‘run by the people and concerned with the problems of the people’, as set out in the White Paper on the transformation of public services. In order to achieve this objective cultural and structural changes must be made rapidly to public services. Particular attention must be paid to the provision of services where there is a risk of deterioration in that provision.
Dépolitisée, repolitisée ou simplement politique ? La bureaucratie suédoise
Authors: Pierre Jon 
Published: January 2024

Depoliticised, Repoliticised or Simply Political ? The Case of Sweden.
It is hard to measure the degree of politicisation of the Swedish civil service. On the one hand, like any civil service, it is, due to its very role in society, political. On the other hand, the existence of political tendencies in civil servants in no way constitutes proof of politicisation one way or another to be measured from an individual and institutional point of view. The Swedish institutional system seems to be a defence against general politicisation and probably contributes towards checking the influence of the new public management.
Les délocalisations en France
Authors: Montricher Nicole de 
Published: January 2024

Delocalizations.
The evaluation of delocalizations can be done in two different manners : either by questioning the effectiveness of the reform or by examining the pertinence of the tools used for its implementation. It is the latter that will be analyzed. It helps highlight that the stakes foreign to the delocalized service, that the different delocalization actors do not meet to determine the interests that need protection, and that they act successively without any real interaction. These facts show that traditional administrative work methods are unsuited for complex public actions.
La gouvernance en milieu rural : le cas de la Tanzanie
Authors: Milanzi Montanus 
Published: January 2024

The Tanzanian Situation : Local Governance in Rural Areas
In a country where 90% of the population lives in rural areas, the role of local authorities is crucial for maintaining a balance between central government and relations with the public. These authorities are largely dependent upon the central power and remain non representative, and it could be said that the very idea of rural governance is still at an embryonic stage. Beyond structural obstacles, the authorities must face up to illiteracy, poverty and oppression of the people.
Les relations avec les médias
Authors: Bourn John 
Published: January 2024

Relations with the Media.
Analysis of the responses of 34 supreme audit institutions to a questionnaire on their relations with the media has enabled a somewhat qualified table of these reactions to be drawn up. On the one hand there are a number of frequently identifiable differences between countries, relating to the status of these relations, to the type of report published, to the strategy adopted with regard to the media, or moreover with respect to the media coverage given. On the other hand, there is a general tendency towards a growth in public and media interest in the work of the supreme audit institutions. This increased sensibility is accompanied by tangible advantages, but also presents a more important risk of criticism of these activities
Les institutions supérieures de contrôle dans un environnement en mutation
Authors: Dunleavy Patrick 
Published: January 2024

Supreme Audit Institutions in a Changing Environment.
The wide-spread slicing-up of central administration, which is represented by a trend towards decentralisation, privatisations and the development of administrative bodies with a certain amount of autonomy vis-à-vis the central administration, has the effect of transforming the role of supreme audit institutions. In the light of these changes, these institutions must adapt, agreeing to carry out second or even third level checks, and striving to be sites of excellence. These transformations are being realised via an increasing desire for transparency, wide usage of new information technology and the assimilation of control and communication methods used in the private sector.
Le secteur de la sécurité privée. Structuration économico-politique
Authors: Ocqueteau Frédéric 
Published: January 2024

The Politico-Economic Structuring of the Private Security Sector.
The private security sector is developing continually. Statistical studies show the emergence of sizeable companies, which account for the majority of activity in the field. The area of biggest development is that of video-surveillance. In response to this development in the private security sector public authorities have set up a regulatory framework. In twenty years there have been three major legislative stages. The attitude of public powers has evolved from one of suspicion to one of coexistence. The orientation and programming law of 1995 in fact acknowledges that certain private security operations should participate in the ‘co-production’ of collective security. This new plan of action for public/private collaboration should be further reinforced in the near future.
Police et politique. Souvenirs d'un préfet de police
Authors: Grimaud Maurice 
Published: January 2024

Police and Politics Memories of a Prefect of Police
After a brief historical account of the function of the prefect of police, Maurice Grimaud recalls the difficulties encountered by five of his predecessors in this function when they were divided between their duty of loyalty and their own opinions. The author, using three key events in his own career, then illustrates the sometimes difficult relations which arise between political powers and the representative of the authority of the state. Director General of national security at the beginning of the 1960s, prefect of police during the troubles of May 1968, member of the Minister for Home Office’s team at the beginning of the 1980s, Maurice Grimaud recalls the balance which, in times of exceptional circumstances, must be struck between legality and state security, loyalty and personal initiative, repression and conciliation.
Jusqu’où le nouveau management public est-il applicable au Mexique ?
Authors: Proulx Denis 
Published: January 2024

To What Extent is New Public Management Applicable in Mexico ?
A series of proposals put to two groups of public managers, one Mexican and the other Canadian, had as its object the realisation of a comparative study of the perception of public management and the role of the public manager in each country. Following on from this comparison it is possible to ascertain certain characteristics of the Mexican approach to public management. This particular approach has a direct influence upon the style of administrative reform that can be undertaken. Public managers in Mexico appear very attached to formalism and to hierarchical relationships which could be an obstacle to putting into place a new style of public management based upon flexibility and the desire for efficiency.
Après Nice, le débat sur l’Europe
Authors: Barnier Michel 
Published: January 2024

After Nice, the Debate on Europe.
The Intergovernmental Conference held in Nice brought about four reforms, all of which were inspired by the concern to deal with enlargement of the European Union. These reforms cover : the size and composition of the Commission, the weighting of votes in the Council, the replacement of unanimity by qualified majority voting in decision-making procedures and enhanced co-operation. But the ensemble of Nice reforms does not appear sufficient. It was inspired by a short-term vision of the European order. There has to be Zan open and democratic debate on the future of the European Union, which is no longer oriented around safeguarding national sovereignty in the face of Europe, but is founded upon a European sovereignty in the face of European partners.
De la nature de l’administration européenne
Authors: Ziller Jacques 
Published: January 2024

The True Nature of European Administration.
Comparative analysis facilitates an understanding of the differences between European administration and that of the Member States. The basis of the System is founded upon the classical European model, rather than the purely French model. The homogeneity of the structures is opposed by the heterogeneity of administrative culture. A static number of personnel in the wake of successive enlargements and the development of competencies helps explain the excessive use of experts and delegation. Comparison with the Swedish model, which is itself different from the classical European model, reveals further deficiencies and suggests that the construction of a model capable of taking into account the specificity of European administration should be recommended.
L’administration de la justice européenne
Authors: Puissochet Jean-Pierre 
Published: January 2024

The Administration of European Justice.
The Community’s court System is entirely original. Each national judge is a judge of Community law, and the European Court of Justice, beyond its function in checking the application of Community law by Member States and the legality of Community acts, assures the uniform application of EC law via the preliminary ruling procedure. This mechanism has been tried and tested. However, the development of the courts’ activities, together with the ECJ and Court of First Instance’s enlarged sphere of competence, which bring about an excessive delay in the time taken for judgements to be given, suggest the need for a reform which comprises innovative solutions but does not call into question the present court structure. The Nice summit has brought with it some interesting solutions, but these are insufficient in the long-term.
Le rôle des États membres dans l’administration de l’Union européenne
Authors: Sauron Jean-Luc 
Published: January 2024

The Role of Member States in the European Union Administration.
The fact that relatively few civil servants work within the European Union is due to the application of Community law by Member States’ administrations under the supervision of the Community’s administration. National administrations have a role to play in the administration of the European Union during the negotiation, and in order to implement the EU legislation. Moreover, national administrations are an indispensable tool in ensuring effective integration of countries seeking to join the Union. This is why these candidate countries must reform their administrations and why all Member States must try to unify their ministerial structures as far as possible, in order to enhance the vertical application of Community law and to facilitate relations between States and between Member States and the Community’s administration.
L’enseignement rémunéré des activités physiques et sportives dans les États membres de l’Union européenne : l’Europe professionnelle en cours d’édification
Authors: Pinguet Arnaud 
Published: January 2024

Remunerated Teaching of Physical and Sporting Activities in the Member States of the European Union : the Process of Constructing a Europe of Professionals.
Due to the Community principle of free movement, sports trainers may carry out their profession in another member state. However, it seems that the exercise of this freedom is thwarted by the diversity of national regulations. Of course, this situation is attenuated by the mutual recognition of professional qualifications which encompasses three aspects : a regime of presumption of qualification without compensation being possible in the case of a non-equivalence of diplomas ; an academic equivalence ; and the general system of recognition of professional qualifications. It is, however, necessary to harmonise qualification systems : sports organisations are, moreover, participating in such a movement.
Le système pénitentiaire en Espagne
Authors: Cid Moliné José 
Published: January 2024

The Spanish Penitentiary System
In weighing up the balance of the Spanish penitentiary System it is necessary to note some important improvements conceming infrastructure, diet, medical services, access to work, outside communication, the commitment to end poor treatment and the legal protection of prisoners, while it remains the case that the issues surrounding the rehabilitation of prisoners persist in being problematic.
THE EFFECT OF DEBT-TO-ASSET RATIO, STOCK PRICE, AND RETURN OF EQUITY ON FIRM VALUE WITH SIZE AS VARIABLE MODERATION (STUDY ON FOOD AND BEVERAGES COMPANIES 2017-2021)
Authors: Oktoriza Linda Ayu , Puspitasari Diana 
Published: January 2024

This research aims to explain the effect of debt-to-asset ratio, stock price, and return of equity on firm value with size as variable moderation. The object study is a company food and beverages sector, that has been registered on the IDX for the 2017-2021 period. This study wearing Multiple Regression Analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis using the SPSS program for processing the data. The results of the study prove that DER, Stock Price, ROE, and Size have an effect on Firm Value. Variables Stock price, ROE, and firm size have a positive effect on firm value. While DER has a negative influence on firm value. Firm size can moderate the DER relationship to Firm Value but cannot moderate the Share Price to Firm Value relationship.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN CAMPURAN SERBUK KAYU KULIM TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON K-225
Authors: Setiobudi Agus Setiobudi , Amiwarti Amiwarti , Firdaus Muhammad 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRAK
Penambahan serbuk kayu kulim diharapkan memberikan tambahan kekuatan daya ikat antar partikel, serta menghambat difusi air dalam material akibat sifat hidrofobnya dengan demikian dapat menghasilkan beton yang kuat, tidak tembus air, dan dapat sebagai bahan konstruksi. Penelitian serbuk kayu kulim dilakukan sebagai penambahan bahan pengganti semen dengan variasi persentase 0%, 1,5%, 2% dan 2,5% dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh serbuk kayu kulim terhadap kuat tekan beton K-225. Benda uji yang digunakan yaitu kubus beton dengan ukuran panjang 15 cm, lebar 15 cm dan tinggi 15 cm, pengujian dilakukan pada saat umur beton 7 hari dan 28 hari. Hasil penelitian bahwa hasil uji kuat tekan beton campuran serbuk kayu kulim pada umur 7 hari mengalami penurunan dari setiap variasi pada variasi 1,5% dengan kekuatan 154,091 kg/cm2 dari kekuatan beton normal 157,87 kg/cm2, pada variasi 2% dengan kekuatan 149,56 kg/cm² dari kekuatan beton 157,87 dan 2,5% dengan kekuatan 139,74 kg/cm² dari kekuatan beton 157,87 kg/cm². Sedangkan pada umur 28 mengalami peningkatan pada variasi 1,5% dengan kekuatan 258,33 kg/cm2 dari kekuatan beton normal 242,87 kg/cm2, pada variasi 2% terjadi penurunan dengan kekuatan 209,23 kg/cm² dari kekuatan beton 242,87 dan 2,5% terjadi penurunan dengan kekuatan 230,38 kg/cm² dari kekuatan beton 242,87 kg/cm².
Kata kunci : Serbuk Kayu Kulim, Beton K-225, Kuat Tekan Beton.
ANALISIS PENGARUH DAN TREN REALISASI PAJAK HOTEL SERTA PERTUMBUHAN JUMLAH WISATAWAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI TERHADAP PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH KOTA MANADO
Authors: Lakat Junior 
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa tren penerimaan pajak hotel serta menjelaskan pengaruhnya terhadap pendapatan asli daerah Kota Manado tahun 2019-2021 dengan pertumbuhan pertumbuhan jumlah wisatawan sebagai variabel moderasi. Hasil tren menunjukkan realisasi penerimaan pajak hotel, PAD, maupun pertumbuhan jumlah wisatawan berfluktuasi selama tahun 2019-2021. Ditemukan bahwa pajak hotel berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan asli daerah Kota Manado. Adapun hasil pengujian moderasi dengan menggunakan metode selisih mutlak menemukan pertumbuhan jumlah wisatawan tidak memperkuat penerimaan pajak hotel terhadap PAD. Dengan berpengaruhnya pajak hotel terhadap pendapatan asli daerah mengindikasikan ada jenis pajak dan retribusi lain yang berpengaruh namun belum dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini, sehingga menjadi rekomendasi untuk ditambahkan dalam penelitian berikutnya.
ANALISIS STRATEGI BLUE OCEAN “CHINA CONSTRUCTION BANK INDONESIA”
Authors: Witjaksono Cindy Julian 
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi blue ocean pada Perusahaan “China Construction Bank Indonesia”. Mengikuti konsep bisnis “market oriented, customer-centric”, Bank CCB Indonesia berkomitmen untuk mengembangkan dirinya menjadi grup perbankan kelas dunia. Strategi-strategi yang sudah ada akan lebih dikembangkan sehingga dapat berkompetisi pada pasar yang baru. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan survei dan studi literatur untuk memahami, meneliti, dan mempelajari mengenai strategi-strategi yang digunakan oleh Bank CCB Indonesia. Untuk merekonstruksi elemen-elemen dari Bank CCB Indonesia untuk masuk ke dalam kurva nilai baru, peneliti mengembangkan strategi dengan beberapa alat analisis yaitu The Four Action Framework dan The ERRC Grid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi blue ocean dapat meningkatkan kepuasan pengguna layanan, membuat segmen pasar yang baru, dan memberikan kelengkapan bagi produk dan layanan dari Bank CCB Indonesia. Implementasi strategi yang dilakukan akan memberikan keuntungan positif bagi usaha layanan perbankan untuk lebih berkompetitif pada pasar yang baru dan menjadi bisnis yang berkelanjutan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam memberikan pemahaman dan penerapan dari strategi blue ocean pada layanan berbankan di Indonesia. Selain itu, dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan strategi pemasaran dalam menghadapi persaingan yang ketat dalam industri perbankan.
Kata kunci : strategi, perbankan, strategi blue ocean, pasar baru.