bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Leishmania Major Key Proteins via Topological Analysis of Protein-Protein Interaction Network
Authors: Amiri Dashatan Nasrin , Rezaie Tavirani Mostafa , Zali Hakimeh , Koushki Mehdi , Ahmadi Nayebali 
Published: December 2023

Background: Although leishmaniasis is regarded as a public health problem, no effective vaccine or decisive treatment has been introduced for this disease. Therefore, representing novel therapeutic proteins is essential. Protein-protein Interaction network analysis is a suitable tool to discover novel drug targets for leishmania major. To this aim, gene and protein expression data is used for instructing protein network and the key proteins are highlighted.
Materials and Methods: In this computational and bioinformatics study, the protein/gene expression data related to leishmania major were studied, and 252 candidate proteins were extracted. Then, the protein networks of these proteins were explored and visualized by using String database and Cytoscape software. Finally, clustering and gene ontology were performed by MCODE and PANTHER databases, respectively.
Results:Â Based on gene ontology analysis, most of the leishmania major proteins were located in cell compartments and membrane. Catalytic activity and binding were regarded as the relevant molecular functions and metabolic and cellular processes were the significant biological process. In this network analysis, UB-EP52, EF-2, chaperonin, Hsp70.4, Hsp60, tubulin alpha and beta chain, and ENOL and LACK were introduced as hub-bottleneck proteins. Based on clustering analysis, Lmjf.32.3270, ENOL and Lmjf.13.0290 were determined as seed proteins in each cluster.
Conclusion: The results indicated that hub proteins play a significant role in pathogenesis and life cycle of leishmania major. Further studies of hubs will provide a better understanding of leishmaniasis mechanisms. Finally, these key hub proteins could be a suitable and helpful potential for drug targets and treating leishmaniasis by considering their validation. [GMJ.2018;7:e1129]
Compound-Protein Interaction Analysis in Condition Following Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Zamanian Azodi Mona , Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa , Rezaei-Tavirani Majid 
Published: December 2023

Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) relative to post-CA have attracted the attention of scientist to prevent damages, which threaten patients. In the present study, metabolites relevant to DEGs of post-CA condition investigated via protein-compound interaction to understand the pathological mechanisms in the human body. Materials and Methods: STITCH plug-in integrated into Cytoscape V.3.6.1 was used to detect the most significant interacting compounds relative to DEGs of pigâ€™s brain after 5 minutesâ€™ CA. The genes were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The identified elements were considered for further evaluation and validation by literature survey. Result: Findings indicate that biochemical compounds including magnesium, calcium, glucose, glycerol, hydrogen, chloride, sulfate, and estradiol interact with DEGs in the two up- and down-regulated networks. Conclusion: The compounds interacting with DEGs are suitable subjects to analysis for re-regulation of the body after CA.[GMJ.2018;7:e1380]Â Â Â
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The Effect of Classic Chest Physiotherapy on Postoperative Pain Scores and Hospital Stay in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zolfaghari Mohammad , Mirhosseini ÙSeyed Jalil , Baghbeheshti Maryam , Bauer Brent A. 
Published: December 2023

Background: Chest physiotherapy (CPT) is a care that increases the mobilization of several structures from both muscle and subcutaneous tissue. We planned to investigate the effect of classic CPT on pain, fatigue, satisfaction, and hospital length of stay (LOS) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).Â Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial that conducted on 50 patients undergoing elective off-pump CABG. The patients have been randomly divided into two groups; in the group A (n=25) patients received physiotherapy at a single session of classic CPT, 4 times during 2nd to 5th days for 15 minutes in every session, in the group B (n=25) patients had not protocol of this exercise therapy (control). Results:The average age of all participants was 62.08 Â±9.08 years. Of the 50 patients, 33 (66%) was male. Classic CPT significantly decreased pain (P=0.04), hospital LOS (P=0.010) and could increase in patientsâ€™ satisfaction (P<0.001). However, it had no considerable effect on fatigue (P=0.725). Conclusion: According to our findings, classic CPT could improve postoperative care after off-pump CABG surgery. [GMJ.2018;7:e838]
Curcumin and Curcumin-Loaded Nanogel Induce Apoptosis Activity in K562 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells
Authors: Hashemi Mehrdad , Khatamsaz Sepideh 
Published: December 2023

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a hematological cancer of stem cells, is caused by the activation of oncogenic factors alone or/with inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol and the main compound of turmeric, which has been used in daily diets for many years. It is also a safe drug. Nanogels and nanobiotechnology have important roles in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and drug delivery. Materials and Methods: To prepare the nanodrug, chitosan nanogels were prepared in 1% acetic acid and cross-linked with stearate by 1- ethyl- 3 (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Subsequently, curcumin was loaded in the chitosan-stearate nanogel. Physical and morphological characteristics of the nanodrug were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Different nanodrug concentrations were prepared and evaluated on the K562 CML cell line. The apoptotic activities of curcumin and nanodrug on the cells were detected by flow cytometry, MTT assay, and trypan blue staining. Results: DLS revealed that the size of the nanodrug was 150 nm, which was confirmed by TEM. TheÂ half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of curcumin and nanodrug were 50 and 25 Î¼g/ml, respectively P < 0.05). Apoptosis of the K562 cell line occurred at 48 h post-treatment with 25 Î¼g/ml curcumin and 12.5 Î¼g/ml nanodrug. Conclusion: The increase in the cytotoxicity of curcumin and nanodrug was directly related to the drug concentration and time. The nanodrug exhibited more cytotoxic effects on the vital capacity of the cells and stimulated more apoptosis compared with curcumin alone. [GMJ.2018;7:e921]
Effects of Olive Leaf Extract on Prevention of Molecular, Histopathological, and Enzymatic Changes in Chicken Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Damage
Authors: Vahidi-Eyrisofla Nazila , Hojati Vida , Yazdian Mohammad-Reza , Zendehdel Morteza , Shajiee Hooman 
Published: December 2023

Background: Today, the use of additives such as antibiotics and growth hormones that increase production efficiency in breeding broiler chickens has become inevitable. However, the use of such additives and antibiotics associated with side effects such as liver damage. Oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. Studies have shown that olive leaves have an antioxidant effect on free radicals. This study was to evaluate the possible effect of olive leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced liver damage (molecular and tissue) and changes of enzymes in chickens. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 chickens were used and classified into5 groups. Treatment groups received 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/kg of the olive leaf extract from day 21 of the experiment. Two control groupsï£§healthy and poisonedï£§did not receive any extract. On the day 35 of the experiment, 1cc of CCL4 was dissolved with olive oil and injected intraperitoneally into the experimental and poisoned control groups. Blood and liver tissue sampling were performed. Results: The histopathology results showed that at high doses of olive leaf extract, the cells and vessels were regularly curable, and sinusoids were healthy. The expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) increased, and that of BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID)decreased. Enzymatic tests, including serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, showed a reduction in BID expression in the experimental group compared with the control group(P<0.005). Conclusion: We concluded that olive leaf extract boosts the BCL2â€”an antiapoptotic geneâ€”and reduces BIDâ€”an apoptosis geneâ€”in the liver of chicken. It prevents the liver cells from disintegrating and destroys sinusoids and liver blood vessels. The high doses of the olive leaf extract caused liver resistance to CCL4 toxicity in chicken.Â [GMJ.2019;8:e1204]Â
Restraining the Proliferation of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells by Genistein through Up-regulation of B-cell Translocation Gene-3 at Transcription Level
Authors: Abedi Nejad Masoumeh , Nikbakht Mohsen , Afsa Masoomeh , Malekzadeh Kianoosh 
Published: December 2023

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a highly prevalent pediatric cancer accounting for approximately 78% of leukemia cases in patients younger than 15 years old. Different studies have demonstrated that B-cell translocation gene 3 (BTG3) plays a suppressive role in the progress of different cancers. Genistein is considered a natural and biocompatible compound and a new anti-cancer agent. In this study, we evaluate the effect of genistein on BTG3 expression and proliferation of ALL cancer cells.Â MaterialsÂ and Methods: ALL cell lines (MOLT4, MOLT17, and JURKAT) were cultured in standard conditions. Cytotoxicity of genistein was detected using MTT assay. The cells were treated with different concentrations of genistein (10, 25, 40, and 55Î¼M) for 24, 48, and 72 hours, and then cell viability and growth rate were measured. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to investigate the effect of genistein on BTG3 expression.Â Results: The percentage of vital cells treated with genistein significantly decreased compared to the non-treated cells, showed an inverse relationship with an increasing genistein concentration. The present study suggests a dose of 40Î¼M for genistein as a potent anticancer effect. Genistein could elevate BTG3 for 1.7 folds in MOLT4 and JURKAT and 2.7 folds in MOLT17 cell lines at transcription level conveged with 60 to 90% reduction in the proliferation rate of cancer cells.Â Conclusion: Up-regulation of BTG3 as a tumor suppressor gene can be induced by genistein. It seems that BTG3 reactivation can be introduced as another mechanism of anti-proliferative effect of genistein and could be considered as a retardant agent candidate against hematopoietic malignancy.[GMJ.2019;8:e1229]
Preventive Effect of Different Wild Pistachio Oils on Oxidative Stress Markers, Liver Enzymes, and Histopathological Findings in a Metabolic Syndrome Model
Authors: Hejazi Najmeh , Jamshidi Sanaz , Golmakani Mohammad-Taghi , Tanideh Nader , Heidari Esfahani Mina 
Published: December 2023

Background: Wild pistachio (Pistacia Atlantica mutica) species with wide distribution in Iran have different nutrition properties and may have therapeutic effects in metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome, as a prevalent health problem, is a main risk factor for different chronic diseases such as diabetes, fatty liver and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the preventive effects of mixture, kernel, and hull oil of wild pistachio (WP) on oxidative stress markers, liver function and histopathological findings in metabolic syndrome induced rats. Materials and Methods: After oil extraction by cold press method and chemical analysis, rats were divided into 6 groups. Group 1 received normal saline;Â group 2 received 2cc fructose solution and 0.5cc normal saline; and groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 received 2 cc fructose solution and 0.5 cc sunflower oil, mixture, hull and kernel oils of WP for 10 weeks, respectively. Then, glycemic indices, oxidative stress, liver enzymes and histopathological examination were determined using standard laboratory tests. Results: WP Kernel and mixture oils notably decreased the fasting blood sugar and insulin resistance compared with the fructose group. Insulin level was significantly increased in the kernel oil group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in oxidative stress, liver enzymes and histopathology parameters among the groups. Conclusion: Kernel oil of WP improved hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and insulin secretion, but the changes in oxidative stress markers, liver enzymes and histopathologic results were not significant among the groups. [GMJ.2019;8:e1238]
Chronotropic, Inotropic and Dromotropic Parameters of the Heart and Oxidative Stress in Rats Receiving High Doses of Fructose
Authors: Dianat Mahin , Radmanesh Esmat , Atefipour Narges 
Published: December 2023

Background: Many risk factors, including nutritional ones, contribute to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Increased fructose consumption, for example, can lead to an increase in CVD risk factors, i.e. an increase in blood lipids and the development of insulin resistance.Â Materials and Methods: In the present study, Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: Â control group (free access to tap drinking water for seven weeks), and a group that received fructose 10% in drinking water for seven weeks, (n â•8 per each group). In all groups, before starting the test period and seven weeks after it, electrocardiogram was recorded by Power lab system. Unpaired t-test and two-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. Also, oxidative stress parameters were measured.Â Results: In the group received high doses of fructose, a significant reduction (P <0.05) was observed in the PR interval (P<0.001) and a significant increase (P<0.05) in the QTc interval. However, there was no significant change in the RR interval and the voltage of the QRS complex. A significant decrease in catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (P<0.05) and a significant increase (P<0.05) in malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase were observed in the group that received fructose in comparison with the control group at the end of the experiment. Conclusion: According to our results, the chance of arrhythmias in the rats receiving high doses of fructose was possibly due to the increased oxidative stress in the healthy rats. [GMJ.2019;8:e1250]
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Effect of Aslagh Capsule, a Traditional Compound Herbal Product on Oligomenorrhea in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Three-Arm, Open-label, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Bahman Maryam , Hajimehdipoor Homa , Bioos Soodabeh , Hashem-Dabaghian Fataneh , Afrakhteh Maryam , Tansaz Mojgan 
Published: December 2023

Background: Oligomenorrhea is a common complaint in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). There are some useful medicinal recommendations such as Aslagh product (include fennel fruits, carrot seeds, chaste tree fruits) in Iranian traditional medicine for the treatment of oligomenorrhea in PCOS. Hence, the present investigation was designed to compare Aslagh capsule with metformin on the oligomenorrhea.Â Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty women aged between 18-43 years with oligomenorrhea due to PCOS were randomly divided into Aslagh, metformin, and Aslagh + metformin groups. The occurrence of menstrual bleeding was considered as the primary outcome. Menstrual cyclicity, duration, and volume of the bleeding were also evaluated.Â Results: Occurrence of menstrual bleeding was 87.2% in all patients, with no significant difference between the three groups (P> 0.05). Menstrual cyclicity significantly improved from baseline in Aslagh and Aslagh+ metformin groups (P=0.02). Duration of menstrual bleeding was significantly higher in Aslagh group in the first and the second menstrual bleeding cycle compared to the other two groups (P<0.05). No significant change was observed in the volume of the bleeding after the intervention in any of the three groups. The occurrence of menstrual bleeding in Aslagh group was significantly (P=0.03) higher than the other two groups in the fourth month (drug-free period).Â Conclusion: Aslagh capsule showed beneficial effects similar to metformin in the treatment of oligomenorrhea in PCOS women and could be suggested for use as an alternative treatment in these patients. [GMJ.2019;8:e1261]
Breast Cancer Interaction Network Concept from Mostly Related Components
Authors: Zamanian Azodi Mona , Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa , Bashash Davood , Ahmadi Naybali , Rostaim-Nejad Mohammad 
Published: December 2023

Background: Management of breast cancer (BC) as a heterogeneous disease is very challenging. Biomarker discovery has been shown promising for this aim. Protein interaction mapping could provide further knowledge of the vital roles of these markers. Materials and Methods: Cytoscape and its plug-ins are used for network construction and evaluation. The plug-ins used in this study are STRING, Network Analyzer, GeneMANIA, and CluePedia. Results: The central proteins are enriched in transcription regulatory region DNA binding, regulatory region nucleic acid binding, regulatory region DNA binding, Fc receptor signaling pathway, cell cycle arrest, and immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway. Conclusion: The introduced biomarkers and their related biological processes may show useful for the breast cancer diagnosis and monitoring; however, has to encounter more validation studies to be clinically applicable. [GMJ.2019;8:e1298]
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Effect of Cuscuta epithymum Acquainted with Risperidone on the Improvement of Clinical Symptoms and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Triple-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Parvizi Maedeh , Fadai Farbod , Khodaei-Ardakani Moahammad Reza , Amin Gholamreza , Abdi Leila , Noroozi Mehdi , Ansari Iman 
Published: December 2023

Background: Cuscuta epithymum (CE) is an established medicinal herb utilized for treating psychosis in Persian medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CE combined with risperidone on the clinical symptoms and the cognitive impairment in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Materials and Methods: In this triple-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial, the intervention group received a dose of 500 mg of CE in the form of a capsule to be taken twice a day accompanied by an appropriate dose of risperidone. The control group was presented with a placebo identical to that of the CE capsule plus the allocated dose of risperidone. The PANSS and SCoRS questionnaires were used to assess the status of subjects prior to the initiation of the intervention as well as being put to use at the end of the second, fourth, and eighth week post-intervention. Registering and recording intel concerning positive and negative symptoms felt by participants (PANNS), and a test to assess the cognitive impairment of the individuals. Results: After eight weeks of treatment, all negative and positive symptoms besides hostility and somatic concern exhibited a significant improvement in the CE group (P <0.05). In contrast, the CE placebo group displayed no substantial improvement in the cases of the positive, negative and general symptoms (P>0.05) regarding cognitive impairment, after eight weeks of treatment, all symptoms were greatly improved in the CE group (P<0.05), while the effect of the placeboÂ on the patients cognitive impairment remained mostly stationary (P>0.05). Consequently, after eight weeks after the intervention, we can determine that the CE treatment has been noticeably more effective at improving positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that CE, possessing possible antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, safely improved the positive and negative symptoms, and cognitive impairment of patients with schizophrenia.[GMJ.2019;8:e1334]Â
Daily consumption of caper fruit along with atorvastatin has synergistic effects in hyperlipidemic patients: Randomized clinical trial
Authors: Esmaeili Seied Saeid , Sardari Saeed , Fallahi Faramarz , Davati Ali , Emadi Fatemeh , Gholamifesharaki Mohammad , Khavasi Narjes 
Published: December 2023

Background: Dyslipidemia leads to micro- and macro-vascular complications. Atorvastatin is the main therapeutic drug used for dyslipidemia, but it causes side effects such as new type 2 diabetes mellitus onset and elevation of liver enzymes. Herbs may be useful in reducing atorvastatin doses. Caper fruit, an herbal drug in Iranian traditional medicine, has hypolipidemic effects. Hence, the effect of atorvastatin therapy with and without daily caper fruit pickle (CFP) consumption was assessed on hyperlipidemia. Materials and Methods: In this single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial, 60 hyperlipidemic patients were allocated in two groups and treated with 10â€…mg atorvastatin plus 40-50 g CFP (A10+CFP) or atorvastatin alone (A10) for eight weeks. Biochemical parameters were measured at baseline, 4, and eight weeks of the intervention. One-way repeated measure ANOVA and mixed ANOVA were used to measure the effect of the two treatments and the interaction between the type of treatment and time on lipid profile. Results: Serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly decreased in the A10+CFP group compared with the A10 group (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) from baseline up to the week 8. At week 4, mean changes of LDL-C was significantly higher in the A10+CFP compared with the A10 (P=.01). Adjusting for the baseline variables, the mean difference of alanine aminotransferase (P<0.01) and triglyceride (P=.003) were significantly higher in the A10+CFP group at the end. Conclusion: This study reports that the intake of CFP along with atorvastatin daily may have synergistic effects which improve the lipid profile in hyperlipidemic patients.Â [GMJ.2019;8:e1345]
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Presenting with Dementia and Mimic a Stroke During One Year: Case Report and Review of Literatures
Authors: Farahmand Habib , Vakilian Alireza , Fekri Mohaddaseh 
Published: December 2023

Background: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a progressive and fatal prion disease in human and its annual incidence is estimated one per million. Sporadic form of CJD is the most common form of the disease that involved 85% of cases. Case Report: We presented two cases of CJD with the different clinical presentation; a 58-year-old woman who referred with amnesia, depression and a 59-year-old woman with ataxia as her chief complaint. Based on the findings and roled-out the other differential diagnosis, the CJD was confirmed. Both of them died before 12 months after diagnosis. Conclusion: Although CJD is a rare disease with different clinical manifestation, it is considered as one the differential diagnosis of progressive dementia.[GMJ.2019;8:e1357]Â
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