bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working with public contributors in Parkinson's research: What were the changes, benefits and learnings? A critical reflection from the researcher and public contributor perspective
Authors: Lithander Fiona E. , Tenison Emma , Jones David Ashford , Stocker Sue , Hopewell‐Kelly Noreen , Gibson Andy , McGrath Carmel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis paper provides a critical reflection from both the researcher and public contributor (PC) perspective on the benefits and the learnings taken from involving PCs in research related to Parkinson's.Approach to Patient and Public Involvement (PPI)This paper reports on how PCs shaped the design and development of the PRIME‐UK research programme study materials through input into information leaflets, consent forms and other patient‐facing documents used across three studies within the PRIME‐UK research programme. The PRIME‐UK research programme is designed to improve the quality of life of people with Parkinson's and this project included three studies: a cross‐sectional study, a randomised control trial and a qualitative study. We captured these impacts using Public Involvement Impact Logs, which provide a framework allowing researchers and PCs to report on the learnings, immediate outcomes and impacts from PPI. For this project, the impact logs enabled us to provide reflections from PCs and researchers on the process of involving ‘the public’ in Parkinson's research.FindingsThis paper builds on existing evidence of the range of benefits and challenges that emerge from working with patients and the public in Parkinson's research; this includes reflecting on the changes made to the study materials and benefits for the people involved. Four themes emerged from the reflections that were common to the researchers and PCs; these were the importance of providing a supportive environment; recognition of the benefit of the evaluation of the impact of PPI; acknowledgement that engagement of PPI can make a positive difference to the research process and that timely communication and the use of face‐to‐face communication, where available, is key. Furthermore, we demonstrate how impact logs provide a useful and straightforward tool for evaluating public involvement practices and supporting the feedback process.ConclusionWe offer key recommendations for involving patients and the public in Parkinson's research and suggest approaches that could be implemented to capture the impacts of public involvement.Public ContributionPublic contributors (PCs) were involved in the design and development of the participant information leaflets, consent forms and other patient‐facing documents used for studies within the PRIME‐UK research programme. In addition, PCs evaluated their involvement using impact logs and co‐authored this paper.
Efficacy of eutectic topical anesthesia in stainless steel crown procedures for primary molars: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Soni Arwa , Winnier J. Jasmin , Haradwala Zaineb , Kodical Sanjana , Joshi Amil , Shetty Ashveeta 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrior literature highlights the importance of local anesthesia (LA) for stainless steel crown (SSC) preparation and placement. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of a eutectic mixture of local anesthesia (EMLA), a topical anesthesia, for this purpose remains unexplored.AimThe study evaluated the effectiveness of two EMLA application methods during SSC preparation and placement.DesignEighty‐four children between 4 and 8 years of age were randomly allocated to three intervention groups. Group A received EMLA applied supragingivally, Group B received a gingival retraction cord impregnated with EMLA (GRC_EMLA), and Group C (control) received LA. Pain was recorded using Wong–Baker Faces Pain Scale (WBFPS) and Children Hospital Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) at three time intervals.ResultsControl had highest mean pain scores at the first time interval in both maxillary and mandibular arches, followed by Group B and Group A, with statistically significant p‐values (p = .00, p < .05). After preparation and placement, all three groups had low mean pain scores, with no statistically significant differences. Group A had minimal pain scores at all three time intervals, although not statistically significant.ConclusionEMLA is a potent topical anesthetic and can be used as an alternative to LA for conventional SSC preparation and placement in primary molars.
Advancements in edible films for aquatic product preservation and packaging
Authors: Gürdal Aydın Aytaç , Çetinkaya Turgay 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis review focuses on the incorporation of various bioactive compounds into edible films/coatings, improving their properties using novel techniques, and discussing their applications in aquatic food products. Aquatic food products with a high nutritional value play an important role in the market. However, these products are susceptible to microbiological spoilage, chemical oxidation, and physical deterioration. Therefore, the use of functional edible films and coating layers for shelf life extension is a critical issue. In this review, marine‐based biopolymers, peptides, biodegradable polymers, and their conjugates as edible film/coating materials are summarised, and commonly applied methods are explained. Polysaccharide and/or protein films enriched with plant extracts, phenolic compounds, and essential oils (EOs) have also been presented. Recent studies have indicated that nanostructures, such as nanofibers, nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions, have gained interest for the nanoencapsulation of bioactive ingredients or antimicrobial agents in edible films to preserve freshness. Therefore, nanocomposite packaging film materials with improved moisture barriers have a strong impact on oxidation and microbial delay. The combination of various compounds or synergistic treatment of edible films with other nonthermal methods such as ozonation, high hydrostatic pressure, and irradiation, are recommended as alternative edible film modification methods. Finally, the enrichment of edible films with microorganism‐based additives, bacteriophages, and enzymes is discussed. This review reports that the integration of natural antioxidants, phenolic compounds, probiotics, and bacteriocins with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in edible films and their packaging applications has the potential to prolong the shelf life of aquatic products.
Quality of inclusive primary schools in Duhok governorate, Kurdistan region of Iraq: An observation study
Authors: Mohammed Ali Araz Bashar , Vierbuchen Marie‐Christine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInclusive education is a right for all children in every society. However, especially for children with disabilities and other risk factors, internationally the development of effective implementation of this right is not intuitive and there is much potential for design at different levels. Currently, however, little evidence exists on how this right is being implemented for children in primary school in Duhok (Kurdistan Region of Iraq). This study extracts results from classroom observations conducted using the support of a quality scale for inclusive education. From the analysis, important indications can be drawn on the necessary further development at the level of students with individual needs, inclusive teaching, interdisciplinary cooperation within the professional teams in school, school concept and school life and external support and communal networking.
Development of an Artificial Intelligence-Based Predictive Anomaly Detection System to Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Miyake Ryota , Tominaga Shinya , Terakado Yusuke , Takado Naoyuki , Aoki Toshio , Miyamoto Chikashi , Naito Susumu , Taguchi Yasunori , Kato Yuichi , Nakata Kota 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a large-scale plant such as a nuclear power plant, thousands of process values are measured for the purpose of monitoring the plant performance and the system health. It is difficult for plant operators to constantly monitor all of the process values. We present a data-driven method to comprehensively monitor a large number of process values and detect early signs of anomalies, including unknown events, with few false positives. In order to learn the complex changing internal state of a nuclear power plant and accurately predict the normal process values, we have developed a two-stage auto-encoder (TSAE), a type of neural network, composed of a time window auto-encoder and a deviation auto-encoder. TSAE realizes to detect anomalous signals during the plant transient conditions by collecting time-series data and learning the nonlinear temporal correlation among them. In the actual plant, some process values which are physically uncorrelated with each other happen to behave similarly (pseudo-correlation). Learning the pseudo-correlation by the algorithm causes false positives because the predicted values of unrelated process values are incorrectly correlated. Therefore, Toshiba has proposed the model classification concept of separating the process values into two groups based on physical correlation and applied a model structure of TSAE. As a result, it becomes possible to learn only with the process values that are physically correlated and enhance the performance of prediction/detection. We assessed the improved TSAE with simulated process values of a nuclear power plant and showed excellent performances with early detection and few false positives.
Experimental Investigation of Energy-Saving Potential of Ground Source Heat Pump During Peak Hour Operations
Authors: Sah Shammy Kumar , Murugesan Krishnan , Rajasekar Elangovan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems have emerged as energy-efficient alternate systems for the conventional Air-Source Air-Conditioning (ASAC) systems for space heating and cooling applications. GSHPs have gained widespread popularity globally and are extensively utilized in residential and commercial buildings. However, in countries like India where both space cooling and heating are required, it becomes essential to evaluate the performance of the GSHP system, especially during peak-hour operation to estimate peak load energy demand. This research paper tries to identify the energy efficiency of the GSHP system during peak-hour operations in comparison to the ASAC system using experimental techniques. Experimental trials were conducted in a laboratory equipped with a single unit of 17.58 kW cooling/heating capacity GSHP system and a 17.57 kW cooling/heating ASAC system (two units of 7.023 kW and 10.548 kW). Experimental trials were conducted in peak summer in the month of June for cooling mode operation and January for heating mode operation for Roorkee weather conditions in the northern part of India. The performance of both systems was compared by defining instantaneous coefficient of performance (COP) and cyclic COP. The instantaneous COP was found to be higher for both the systems during peak-hour cooling and heating mode operations. Energy-saving analysis indicates that the ground-source heat pump system saves 36.85% and 38.65% of electrical energy in cooling and heating modes, respectively, compared to the ASAC system.
Initial Maximum Push-Rim Propulsion and Sprint Performance in Elite Men’s Wheelchair Basketball
Authors: Iturricastillo Aitor , Sanchez-Grau Jordi , Carmona Gerard , García-Fresneda Adrián , Yanci Javier 
Published: November 2023

Objectives: This study sought to report the reliability (intrasession) values of initial maximum push-rim propulsion (IMPRP) and sprint performance in elite wheelchair basketball (WB) players and to assess the involvement of strength in sprint capacity. Methods: Fifteen Spanish international WB male players participated in this study. The maximum single wheelchair push from a stationary position (IMPRP) and the sprint performance (ie, 3, 5, and 12 m) of WB players were measured in this study. Results: IMPRP mechanical outputs V, Vmax, P, Rel. P, F, and Rel. F variables presented high reliability values (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ≥ .92; coefficient of variation [CV] ≤ 8.04 ± 7.37; standard error of measurement [SEM] ≤ 29.92), but the maximum strength variables Pmax, Rel. Pmax, Fmax, and Rel. Fmax (ICC ≥ .63; CV ≤ 13.19 ± 16.63; SEM ≤ 203.76) showed lower ICC values and by contrast higher CV and SEM values. The most substantial correlations were identified between maximum IMPRP values (ie, V, Vmax, P, Rel. P, F, and Rel. F) and sprint performance in 3 m (r ±  confidence limits ≥ −0.74 ± 0.22, very large; R2 ≥ .55), 5 m (r ±  confidence limits ≥ −0.72 ± 0.24, very large; R2 ≥ .51), and 12 m (r ±  confidence limits ≥ −0.67 ± 0.27, large; R2 ≥ .44). Conclusions: The IMPRP test and sprint tests (3, 5, and 12 m) are practical and reliable for measuring strength and speed in WB players. In addition, there were large to very large associations among strength variables (ie, P, Rel. P, F, and Rel. F) and all sprint variables. This could indicate a need to implement specific strength exercises in WB players to improve sprint capacity.
High-intensity non-invasive ventilation during exercise-training versus without in people with very severe COPD and chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Schneeberger Tessa , Dennis Clancy John , Jarosch Inga , Leitl Daniela , Stegemann Antje , Gloeckl Rainer , Hitzl Wolfgang , Leidinger Maximilian , Schoenheit-Kenn Ursula , Criée Carl-Peter , Koczulla Andreas Rembert , Kenn Klaus 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPeople with very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using nocturnal non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (CHRF) experience reduced exercise capacity and severe dyspnoea during exercise training (ET). The use of NIV during ET can personalise training during pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) but whether high-intensity NIV (HI-NIV) during exercise is accepted and improves outcomes in these extremely physically limited patients is unknown. The aim of this trial was to determine if ET with HI-NIV during PR was more effective than without at improving exercise capacity and reducing dyspnoea during exercise.MethodsPatients with COPD, CHRF and nocturnal-NIV were randomised to supervised cycle-ET as part of PR with HI-NIV or without (control). Primary outcome was change in cycle endurance time (ΔCETtime), while secondary outcomes were dyspnoea at isotime during the cycle endurance test and during ET-sessions and for the HI-NIV group, post-trial preferred exercising method.ResultsTwenty-six participants (forced expiratory volume in 1 s 22±7%pred, PaCO251±7 mm Hg) completed the trial (HI-NIV: n=13, ET: IPAP 26±3/EPAP 6±1 cm H2O; control n=13). At completion of a 3 week ET-programme, no significant between-group differences in ΔCETtimewere seen (HI-NIV-control: Δ105 s 95% CI (−92 to 302), p=0.608). Within-group ΔCETtimewas significant (HI-NIV: +246 s 95% CI (61 to 432); control: +141 s 95% CI (60 to 222); all p<0.05). The number of responders (Δ>minimal important difference (MID)101 s: n=53.8%) was the same in both groups for absolute ΔCETtimeand 69.2% of control and 76.9% of the HI-NIV group had a %change>MID33%.Compared with control, the HI-NIV group reported less isotime dyspnoea (Δ−2.0 pts. 95% CI (−3.2 to −0.8), p=0.005) and during ET (Δ−3.2 pts. 95% CI (−4.6 to −1.9), p<0.001). Most of the HI-NIV group (n=12/13) preferred exercising with NIV.ConclusionIn this small group of patients with very severe COPD requiring nocturnal NIV, participation in an ET-programme during PR significantly improved exercise capacity irrespective of HI-NIV use. Reported dyspnoea was in favour of HI-NIV.Trial registration numberNCT03803358.
A stretchable hardness sensor for the assessment of skin disease in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Wang Xiuyuan , Liu Mengyang , Ye Tianbao , Huang Junxia , Xu Xinzhi , Li Ming , Zhao Xuefeng , Lu Hongliang , Yang Ji 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo determine the validity of a hardness sensor to objectively assess skin induration in patients with systemic sclerosis, and to compare the hardness sensor with the modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS) and a durometer.MethodsThe skin induration was measured in two assessments: a Latin square experiment to examine the hardness sensor’s intraobserver and interobserver reliability; and a longitudinal cohort to evaluate the distribution of hardness sensor measurements, the correlation between hardness sensor, durometer and MRSS, and the sensitivity to change in skin hardness. Other outcome data collected included the health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) disability index and Keitel function test (KTF) score.ResultsThe reliability of the hardness sensor was excellent, with high intraobserver and interobserver intraclass correlation coefficients (0.97; 0.96), which was higher than MRSS (0.86; 0.74). Interobserver reproducibility of hardness sensor was only poor in abdomen (0.38), yet for durometer it was poor in face (0.11) and abdomen (0.33). The hardness sensor score provided a greater dynamic evaluation range than MRSS. Total hardness sensor score correlated well with MRSS (r=0.90, p<0.001), total durometer score (r=0.95, p<0.001), HAQ disability index (r=0.70, p<0.001) and KTF score (r=0.66, p<0.001). Change in hardness sensor score also correlated with change in MRSS (r=0.78, p<0.001), total durometer score (r=0.85, p<0.001), HAQ disability index (r=0.76, p<0.001) and KTF score (r=0.67, p<0.001).ConclusionThe hardness sensor showed greater reproducibility and accuracy than MRSS, and more application sites than durometer; it can also reflect patients’ self-assessments and function test outcomes.
Performances of machine learning algorithms in discriminating sacroiliitis features on MRI: a systematic review
Authors: Moon Sun Jae , Lee Seulkee , Hwang Jinseub , Lee Jaejoon , Kang Seonyoung , Cha Hoon-Suk 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesSummarise the evidence of the performance of the machine learning algorithm in discriminating sacroiliitis features on MRI and compare it with the accuracy of human physicians.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, CIHNAL, Web of Science, IEEE, American College of Rheumatology and European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology abstract archives were searched for studies published between 2008 and 4 June 2023. Two authors independently screened and extracted the variables, and the results are presented using tables and forest plots.ResultsTen studies were selected from 2381. Over half of the studies used deep learning models, using Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society sacroiliitis criteria as the ground truth, and manually extracted the regions of interest. All studies reported the area under the curve as a performance index, ranging from 0.76 to 0.99. Sensitivity and specificity were the second-most commonly reported indices, with sensitivity ranging from 0.56 to 1.00 and specificity ranging from 0.67 to 1.00; these results are comparable to a radiologist’s sensitivity of 0.67–1.00 and specificity of 0.78–1.00 in the same cohort. More than half of the studies showed a high risk of bias in the analysis domain of quality appraisal owing to the small sample size or overfitting issues.ConclusionThe performance of machine learning algorithms in discriminating sacroiliitis features on MRI varied owing to the high heterogeneity between studies and the small sample sizes, overfitting, and under-reporting issues of individual studies. Further well-designed and transparent studies are required.
Microscopic self-healing of multi-walled carbon nanotube-modified asphalt based on the dual diffusion-energy theory
Authors: Xiao Minmin , Guo Xu , Dong Jinyong , Li Chunyan , Ren Jianguo 
Published: November 2023

To investigate the self-healing performance of multi-walled carbon nanotube-modified asphalt and its influencing mechanism, the asphalt molecular self-healing models were established by the molecular dynamics method. The results were analyzed based on molecular diffusion theory and surface energy repair theory. Based on the Arrhenius model, two theories were combined, and a new index healing factor was proposed to evaluate the self-healing performance by considering the diffusion characteristics and energy changes of asphalt molecules. The results show that multi-walled carbon nanotubes can accelerate the diffusion behavior of molecules in the temperature of 278--318 K to improve the self-healing properties of asphalt. Based on the proposed surface free energy equation, the self-healing properties are reasonably evaluated; the enthalpy change can be used as an index for judging the self-healing performance. The transformation model of the diffusion coefficient and cohesive work and the new index can reflect the self-healing performance more comprehensively.
Representability of relatively free affine algebras over a Noetherian ring
Authors: Kanel-Belov Alexei , Rowen Louis , Vishne Uzi 
Published: November 2023

Over the years questions have arisen about T-ideals of (noncommutative) polynomials. But when evaluating a noncentral polynomial in subalgebras of matrices, one often has little control in determining the specific evaluations of the polynomial. One way of overcoming this difficulty in characteristic 0, is to reduce to multilinear polynomials and to utilize the representation theory of the symmetric group. But this technique is unavailable in characteristic [Formula: see text]. An alternative method, which succeeds, is the process of “hiking” a polynomial, in which one specializes its indeterminates in several stages, to obtain a polynomial in which Capelli polynomial is embedded, in order to get control on its evaluations. This method was utilized on homogeneous polynomials in the proof of Specht’s conjecture for affine algebras over fields of positive characteristic. In this paper, we develop hiking further to nonhomogeneous polynomials, to apply to the “representability question.” Kemer proved in 1988 that every affine relatively free PI algebra over an infinite field, is representable. In 2010, the first author of this paper proved more generally that every affine relatively free PI algebra over any commutative Noetherian unital ring is representable [A. Belov, Local finite basis property and local representability of varieties of associative rings, Izv. Russian Acad. Sci. (1) (2010) 3–134. English Translation Izv. Math. 74(1) (2010) 1–126]. We present a different, complete, proof, based on hiking nonhomogeneous polynomials, over finite fields. We then obtain the full result over a Noetherian commutative ring, using Noetherian induction on T-ideals. The bulk of the proof is for the case of a base field of positive characteristic. Here, whereas the usage of hiking is more direct than in proving Specht’s conjecture, one must consider nonhomogeneous polynomials when the base ring is finite, which entails certain difficulties to be overcome. In Appendix A, we show how hiking can be adapted to prove the involutory versions, as well as various graded and nonassociative theorems.