bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of HER2 expression in primary urinary bladder carcinoma and corresponding metastases
Authors: Gårdmark Truls , Wester Kenneth , De La Torre Manuel , Carlsson Jörgen , Malmström Per‐Uno 
Published: April 2005

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the expression of HER2 receptors (previously reported to be over‐expressed in malignant urothelium) in both primary tumours and metastases of transitional cell cancer, using two different staining methods and two different scoring techniques, considering the potential use of these receptors as targets for planned systemic anti‐HER2 nuclide‐based treatment.MATERIALS AND METHODSHER2 expression was evaluated with two different immunohistochemical methods in 90 patients with primary urinary bladder cancer tumours and corresponding metastases. Sections were first stained with the commercially available breast cancer test kit (HercepTest®, Dako, Glostrup, Denmark). Parallel sections were then stained with a modified HercepTest procedure. Two different evaluation criteria were compared; the HercepTest score that requires ≥ 10% stained tumour cells (as for breast cancer) and a proposed ‘Target score’ that requires >67% stained tumour cells. The latter score is assumed to be preferable for HER2‐targeted radionuclide therapy.RESULTSUsing the HercepTest kit, the Target score gave lower fractions of positive primary tumours and metastases than the HercepTest score. The modified HercepTest staining procedure and Target score gave high HER2 values in 80% of primary tumours and 62% of metastases, which is considerably more than that obtained with the HercepTest staining and score. There was a significant decrease in HER2 positivity with increasing distance from the primary tumour. In nine sentinel‐node metastases assessed, all but one were HER2‐positive. Considering all regional metastases, 74% were positive, and of distant metastases, 47%; 72% of the patients with positive primary tumours also expressed HER2 in their metastases.CONCLUSIONSWhen combining the modified HercepTest with customised evaluation criteria, more HER2‐positive tumours were diagnosed. The degree of HER2 down‐regulation was significantly higher in distant than in regional metastases. HER2‐targeted therapy may be an alternative or complementary to other methods in the future treatment of metastatic urinary bladder carcinoma.
Prognostic significance of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) binding protein‐2 to IGF‐binding protein‐3 ratio in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Miyake Hideaki , Hara Isao , Yamanaka Kazuki , Muramaki Mototsugu , Eto Hiroshi 
Published: April 2005

OBJECTIVESTo analyse the prognostic significance of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐2 (IGFBP‐2) and IGFBP‐3 in patients having a radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODSTissue samples of invasive bladder cancer were obtained from 97 patients who had radical cystectomy. The expression of IGFBP‐2 and IGFBP‐3 mRNAs in these samples was measured by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and the findings analysed in relation to clinicopathological factors.RESULTSDuring the observation period, 31 patients (group A) developed disease recurrence, while the remaining 66 (group B) had no evidence of recurrence. The expression level of IGFBP‐2 mRNA was significantly higher in group A than in B, while IGFBP‐3 mRNA expression was significantly lower in group A than in B, and there was a significant difference in the relative expression ratio of IGFBP‐2 to IGFBP‐3 (BP‐2/BP‐3 ratio) between the groups. Recurrence‐free survival in patients with an elevated BP‐2/BP‐3 ratio was significantly lower than in those with a normal ratio. Multivariate analysis indicated that an elevated BP‐2/BP‐3 ratio, but not IGFBP‐2 and IGFBP‐3 mRNA levels, was an independent predictor of disease recurrence.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that the BP‐2/BP‐3 ratio measured by real‐time RT‐PCR could be useful for predicting disease recurrence in patients who have had a radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer.
The results of plaque incision and venous grafting (Lue procedure) to correct the penile deformity of Peyronie's disease
Authors: Kalsi Jas , Minhas Suks , Christopher Nim , Ralph David 
Published: April 2005

Associate EditorMichael G. WyllieEditorial BoardIan Eardley, UKJean Fourcroy, USASidney Glina, BrazilJulia Heiman, USAChris McMahon, AustraliaBob Millar, UKAlvaro Morales, CanadaMichael Perelman, USAMarcel Waldinger, NetherlandsOBJECTIVETo assess plaque incision and venous grafting (the Lue procedure) to correct the deformity associated with Peyronie's disease and to maintain penile length, evaluating the results over an 8‐year period.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe penile deformity of 113 patients (mean age 45 years, range 17–71) with Peyronie's disease was corrected by plaque incision and saphenous vein grafting. All patients had stable Peyronie's disease and had a mean (range) penile deformity of 64.5 (20–180)°; the mean follow‐up was 12 months.RESULTSThe result was excellent or satisfactory in 105 patients (93%), and the penis completely straightened in 97 (86%). Erectile dysfunction after surgery developed in 10 of 68 potent patients (15%) although they had arterial risk factors of diabetes, hypertension or cardiac disease that may also have contributed. There was penile shortening of >1 cm in 29 men (25%) but this only prevented intercourse in two. Of the 51 patients with ≥ 5 years of follow‐up, the penis remained completely straight in 80% but the incidence of erectile dysfunction increased to 22.5% and penile shortening of >1 cm to 35%.CONCLUSIONThe Lue procedure is an effective long‐term option in the surgical management of Peyronie's disease, but penile shortening after surgery remains a risk, and patients with vascular risk factors must be warned of the possibility of later erectile dysfunction.
A cost comparison of nephron‐sparing surgical techniques for renal tumour
Authors: Lotan Yair , Cadeddu Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2005

The cost of nephron‐sparing renal tumour surgical techniques was compared by authors from Dallas, assessing open partial nephrectomy, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and percutaneous radiofrequency ablation. They found that radiofrequency ablation was significantly less costly, with the other two techniques being cost‐equivalent.Authors from Philadelphia devised a study to determine the optimum size of flexible ureteroscope to minimize the need for ureteric dilatation. They found that the ability to pass the ureteroscope was directly related to their outer diameter, with the ideal being 7.4 F.OBJECTIVETo compare costs associated with open partial nephrectomy (OPN), laparoscopic PN (LPN) and percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRF) in consecutive patients undergoing nephron‐sparing surgery.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe charts and costs were reviewed for all 46 patients undergoing nephron‐sparing PN at our institution from March 2003 to March 2004. Clinical characteristics, operative techniques, radiographic and pathological information were recorded. Detailed cost information for room and board, laboratory, pharmacy, radiology, operating room, surgical supplies, anaesthesia, recovery room, electrocardiography and respiratory services were obtained from our institution.RESULTSThe hospital stay was significantly shorter for PRF (0.5 days) than either LPN (1.86) and OPN (4.94). PRF was statistically less costly than LPN and OPN, with mean (sd) costs of (US$) 4454 (938), 7013 (934) and 7767 (1605). There was no significant difference in cost between LPN and OPN. Surgical supply costs were significantly higher for LPN and PRF than OPN. LPN had less than a third of the room and board costs of OPN (P < 0.001). Decreases in room and board were also associated with lower pharmacy and laboratory costs.CONCLUSIONSPRF is significantly less costly than LPN and OPN; LPN is cost‐equivalent to OPN as the shorter stay compensates for significantly higher surgical supply costs. In those patients with tumours of appropriate size and location, minimally invasive approaches can decrease the morbidity, with cost benefits.
Ureteric access with flexible ureteroscopes: effect of the size of the ureteroscope
Authors: Hudson R. Guy , Conlin Michael J. , Bagley Demetrius H. 
Published: April 2005

OBJECTIVETo determine the optimum size of a flexible ureteroscope (FU) to minimize the need for ureteric dilatation.MATERIALS AND METHODSFUs from several different manufacturers and with different shaft diameters were used for ureteroscopy in adults. An initial attempt was made to pass one of the larger diameter FUs; if this was unsuccessful, the smaller 7.5 F FU was used. The results were reviewed retrospectively.RESULTSFlexible ureteroscopy was used in 115 consecutive patients at two different institutions. The ability to pass the FUs with no formal dilatation was directly related to the FU diameter. The rate of failing to pass with no formal dilatation was 37% for the 9.0 F, 8.5% for the 8.6 F, 5% for the 8.4 F and 0.9% for the 7.4 F ureteroscope.CONCLUSIONAlthough other factors influence the overall effectiveness of the FU, the ability to pass FUs is directly related to their outer diameter. When only the ease of introduction is considered, the ideal ureteroscope outer diameter is 7.4 F.
Outcomes of continent catheterizable stomas for urinary and fecal incontinence: comparison among different tissue options
Authors: Castellan Miguel A. , Gosalbez Rafael , Labbie Andrew , Ibrahim Emad , Disandro Michael 
Published: April 2005

OBJECTIVETo retrospectively review the outcome of appendix, transverse tubularized intestine segments, caecal flap, gastric tube and others tissue options used as a continent stoma for urinary and fecal incontinence.PATIENTS AND METHODSBetween January 1993 and January 2003 we created 179 continent stomas to treat urinary and fecal incontinence in 135 patients (81 females and 54 males; mean age at surgery 13 years, 118, 87%, aged <17 years). We used either appendix (112), a short segment of bowel following the Yang‐Monti technique (49), gastric augment single pedicle tube (eight), caecal flap (seven), Casale continent vesicostomy (two) and Meckel's diverticulum (one). Thirty‐six patients had both urinary and fecal continent stomas created.RESULTSThe mean follow‐up for the appendix group was 46 months for the urinary stoma and 23 months for the Malone antegrade continent enema (MACE) stoma. Stoma‐related complications occurred in 24 of 112 (21%) patients; there was complete channel fibrosis in five (4%). The mean follow‐up for the Yang‐Monti group was 38 months for the urinary and 59.2 months for the MACE stoma. There were stoma‐related problems in 11 of 49 (22%) patients, with complete channel fibrosis in three (6%). Overall, in the long‐term follow‐up, there were stoma‐related complications in 42 of 179 (23.5%) procedures.CONCLUSIONSContinent catheterizable stomas are a feasible and reliable method for treating urinary and fecal incontinence. Long‐term success can be accomplished with appendix, transverse tubularized intestinal segments and caecal flaps, with similar complication rates in all groups. Surgeon preference and individual patient status should determine the surgical technique to be used.
Enuresis in childhood, and urinary and fecal incontinence in adult life: do they share a common cause?
Authors: Gurbuz Ayse , Karateke Ates , Kabaca Canan 
Published: April 2005

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether there is any association between urinary or fecal incontinence and childhood bedwetting, and given such a relationship, to detect which type of urinary incontinence (UI) is associated with childhood bedwetting.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 1021 patients who were admitted to the outpatient gynaecology clinics of the authors’ institution for an annual gynaecological examination were included in this descriptive clinical study. A simple multi‐choice screening questionnaire was used to collect data for analysis.RESULTSThere was a history of bedwetting in childhood in 181 (21.1%) of women without and in 48 (29.6%) of those with UI; the difference was significant (chi‐square, P < 0.05). Women with stress UI had significantly higher rates of enuresis in childhood (35.4%) than those without UI (21.1%; P = 0.003). Of women who had a history of bedwetting in childhood, 12.2% had stress UI, but only 6.4% of those with no such history had stress UI. Fecal incontinence was significantly more common in women with a history of bedwetting in childhood (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONA history of childhood bedwetting seems to increase the risk of having UI, stress UI and fecal incontinence. Being aware of this association may provide an opportunity to avoid exposing these women to additional risk factors for these condition.
Colpo‐wrap: a new continence procedure
Authors: Boemers Thomas M. , Schimke Christa M. 
Published: April 2005

OBJECTIVETo present a new surgical method to increase bladder outlet resistance for the treatment of urinary incontinence in girls and women.PATIENTS AND METHODSSix patients (mean age 9.6 years), with urinary incontinence were operated using the new technique within the last 3 years. The principle of the procedure is tightening of the bladder neck by mobilizing the anterior vaginal wall and wrapping it around the bladder neck and proximal urethra, in the sense of a vaginoplication (colpoplication). The underlying conditions and causes for urinary incontinence was neurogenic bladder‐sphincter dysfunction caused by myelodysplasia in three girls and anorectal malformation combined with a tethered spinal cord in one. In one case incontinence was caused by a cloacal anomaly and one girl had intrinsic sphincter insufficiency after repetitive Otis urethrotomies. The colpo‐ wrap was combined with a bladder augmentation and Mitrofanoff in three patients, the three other girls undergoing isolated procedures.RESULTSThe result of the method is a constant increase in outlet resistance and coaptation of the urethra, comparable with the effect of a vaginal sling procedure. Five patients are completely dry after surgery, one girl with cloaca needed an additional bladder neck injection with hyaluranon/dextranomer copolymer. Transurethral catheterization was possible after surgery with no problems in all patients who required intermittent catheterization.CONCLUSIONConsidering the feasibility of this technique the colpo‐wrap is a reasonable alternative for treating urinary incontinence in females.
Changes in bone structure after augmentation cystoplasty in chronic uraemic rats
Authors: Brkovic Drasko , Linke Joachim , Jakse Gerhard , Bauss Frieder 
Published: April 2005

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of urinary diversion using several types of intestinal segments on cortical and cancellous bone structure of growing rats with renal insufficiency.MATERIAL AND METHODSIn all, 110 female Sprague‐Dawley rats (8 weeks old) had either a two‐stage subtotal nephrectomy by removing five‐sixths of the renal mass, or a sham operation. Except for a uraemic control group, all uraemic rats then had an enterocystoplasty using stomach, ileum or colon (20 animals per group). An additional group with colic augmentation received the bisphosphonate ibandronate. After 12 weeks, the left tibia was assessed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography and bone histomorphometry.RESULTSAfter subtotal nephrectomy all groups had ≈ 30% less endogenous creatinine clearance. Renal failure alone or in association with gastric or colic augmentation induced only negligible changes in the mass and structure of cortical and cancellous tibial bone. In contrast, rats after ileal augmentation and renal failure had a significant reduction in cancellous bone mineral density (P < 0.05) whereas the reduction in trabecular bone area and volume was not statistically significant. Furthermore, ileocystoplasty caused a decrease in trabecular number and perimeter, increased trabecular separation and enlarged bone marrow space, whereas ileocystoplasty had no effect on cortical bone. The changes were not associated with alterations in serum pH. Ibandronate treatment in the colonic cystoplasty group increased trabecular bone mass and structural variables over the untreated colonic cystoplasty group.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that cystoplasty using an ileal segment causes a decrease in bone mass and architecture in growing rats with mild uraemia. It remains open to question whether the results obtained from experimental animals can be directly extrapolated to the clinical situation.
Effects of TAK‐802, a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and tamsulosin, an α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist, and their synergistic effects on the urodynamic characteristics in a guinea‐pig model of functional bladder outlet obstruction
Authors: Nagabukuro Hiroshi , Hashimoto Tadatoshi , Iwata Masashi , Doi Takayuki 
Published: April 2005

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of TAK‐802, a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and tamsulosin, an α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist, and their concomitant administration on the urodynamic characteristics in a guinea‐pig model of functional bladder outlet obstruction.MATERIALS AND METHODSCystometry was performed in urethane‐anaesthetized guinea pigs, and various urodynamic variables, including the maximum flow rate (Qmax), voiding efficiency, maximum intravesical pressure (Pvesmax) and intravesical pressure at Qmax (PvesQmax), were measured before and after administration of the drugs in combination and alone.RESULTSContinuous intravenous infusion of phenylephrine, an α1‐adrenoceptor agonist (1–6 µg/animal/min), dose‐dependently decreased the Qmax and voiding efficiency, and increased the Pvesmax and PvesQmax, possibly by constricting urethral smooth muscle. In this functional urethral constriction model, both TAK‐802 at 1 and 10 µg/kg and tamsulosin at 3 and 10 µg/kg (intravenously) caused increasing effects on the Qmax and voiding efficiency. The effects were more apparent with combined exposure. Although the Pvesmax was dose‐dependently increased by TAK‐802 alone, the effects were completely abolished by concomitant treatment with tamsulosin.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that TAK‐802 and tamsulosin have synergistic effects in increasing the Qmax and voiding efficiency, and TAK‐802 does not inhibit the decreasing effect of tamsulosin on urethral resistance. That TAK‐802 increased Pves when administered alone implies that monotherapy using an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor should be withheld in patients with voiding dysfunction caused by obvious bladder outlet obstruction with benign prostatic hyperplasia, to avoid disorders of the upper urinary tracts, and it should be used with an α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist. Whether TAK‐802 combined with an α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist confers additional clinical benefit is not yet known.
The use of a newly designed nonabsorbable polymeric stent in reconstructing the vas deferens: a feasibility study in New Zealand white rabbits
Authors: Vrijhof Eric J. , De Bruine Adriaan , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Lycklama À Nijeholt August A.B. , Koole Leo H. 
Published: April 2005

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the use of a newly designed stent in the reconstruction of the vas deferens.MATERIALS AND METHODSIn 26 New Zealand White rabbits, 13 conventional one‐layer microscopic reconstructions were compared with 13 stented reconstructions of the vas deferens. The newly designed nonabsorbable polymeric stent was shaped to facilitate the rejoining of the two loose ends of the vas deferens, using a central ridge to prevent migration. Semen was collected before and after surgery, using an artificial vaginal system (26 samples before and 115 after surgery). The individual and average total sperm count, motility and progressive motile sperm density (PMSD), were compared after surgery for both groups. After the final semen analysis, rabbits were killed and patency was assessed histologically at the site of the anastomosis.RESULTSAfter an initial decline the mean total sperm count increased in both groups. The increase was significantly larger (P = 0.05) in the stented rabbits. The mean motility and PMSD showed no significant differences between both groups (P = 0.11 and 0.71, respectively). Histological examination of the anastomosed area showed partial obstruction (>50% narrowing of the original lumen) in five of the 13 conventionally treated rabbits, with no strictures in the stented group. Despite the narrowing in the conventional group the patency rates were not affected. The mean (range) operating time for the conventional and stented groups was 132 (99–168) and 98 (62–113) min, respectively (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSThe total sperm counts, motility and PMSD showed no or little difference after surgery between the conventional and stented rabbits. The stented reconstruction was easy, had no secondary stricturing and reduced the operating time.
Angiotropism of human prostate cancer cells: implications for extravascular migratory metastasis
Authors: Lugassy Claire , Vernon Stephen E. , Warner John W. , Le Carter Q. , Manyak Michael , Patierno Stephen R. , Barnhill Raymond L. 
Published: April 2005

OBJECTIVESTo report several samples of invasive human prostate cancer showing angiotropism, and to use human prostate cancer cells stably expressing green fluorescence protein (GFP) in in vitro and in vivo models to assess the dissemination pathway of prostate cancer cells.MATERIALS AND METHODSMalignant melanoma and prostate carcinoma cells can migrate along anatomical structures such as nerves; previous studies showed that melanoma cells can be perivascular, on the outside of the endothelium, i.e. they are angiotropic, which suggests the hypothesis that melanoma cells also may migrate along vascular channels, termed ‘extravascular migratory metastasis’ (EVMM). Thus we examined histologically 10 human prostatic carcinoma specimens for the presence of angiotropism. In vitro, the PC‐3 prostate cancer cells were co‐cultures with capillary‐like structures. In vivo, PC‐3 cells were implanted on the chick chorio‐allantoic membrane (CAM).RESULTSHistologically, in all 10 cases, angiotropism was detected at least focally within the tumour or at the advancing front of the tumour. In vitro, the PC‐3 cells spread along the external surface of the vascular tubules; in vivo, PC‐3 cells formed a cuff around some vessels a few millimetres beyond the tumour, showing angiotropism. Histopathology of the CAM confirmed the perivascular location of tumour cells and the absence of tumour cells within the vessel lumina.CONCLUSIONThe presence of angiotropic tumour cells in human invasive prostate cancers, associated with the angiotropism of GFP prostate cancer cells cultivated in vitro and in vivo in angiogenic models, raises the possibility that some prostate tumour cells may migrate along the external surface of vessels as a mechanism of spread, i.e. EVMM.
Young Children's Prosocial and Aggressive Behaviors and Their Experiences of Being Targeted for Similar Behaviors by Peers
Authors: Persson Gun E. B. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractChildren's target experiences (as recipients of prosocial peer acts and victims of peer aggression) were investigated for their concurrent and longitudinal associations with prosocial and aggressive behavior. Forty‐four children (initially 22–40 months) were observed in naturalistic interactions with peers during a two‐month period for each of three consecutive years. Results revealed no consistency over time in children's experiences as targets for aggressive or prosocial peer acts, although there was some indication that altruistic target experiences may be stable from the end of the preschool period. Early behavior appeared to affect the way children were later treated by peers, but no support was found for the idea that early target experiences influence later behavior. Prosocial behavior was concurrently and longitudinally associated with prosocial target experiences. Aggressive behavior reduced the likelihood of children being targets of prosocial peer behavior and, over time, also of their being targets of peers’ aggression.