bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of obsidian during explosive-effusive eruptions: insights from microlite crystals in obsidian pyroclasts
Authors: Aubin Wade L. , Gardner James E. , Watkins James M. , Lloyd Madeline H. 
Published: October 2023

Obsidian pyroclasts are common in deposits from silicic sub-Plinian eruptions and can record pre- and syn-eruptive processes in the volcanic conduit. Previous work focusing on dissolved volatiles and vesicle textures has been useful in extracting timescales of sintering, diffusion, and vesicle relaxation recorded by obsidian pyroclasts. Here we focus on microlite crystals (&lt;100 µm in size) to augment previous work because they form at different rates than vesicles or than rates of volatile degassing. Hence, they have the potential to disclose additional information about processes occurring in an explosive conduit. We examine microlites in 72 samples from tephra deposits of the 1340 C.E. North Mono eruption, California, U.S.A., and complement these measurements with hydrothermal experiments at 800°C, 10–50 MPa, and durations from 1 to 7 h. Three observations of the natural obsidians further elucidate their formation. First, microlite number densities (MND) increased as the eruption progressed. Second, multiple microlite morphologies occur for feldspars (blocky, swallowtail, tabular, cluster, skeletal) and pyroxenes (individual rods or clusters of acicular crystals) in each obsidian, regardless of any other characteristic. Third, microlite orientations correlate with the dominant morphology of vesicles, being generally well aligned in samples with ellipsoid vesicles, generally poorly aligned in samples with spherical vesicles, and either unaligned or aligned into planes in samples with distorted vesicles. In hydrothermal experiments, MND increase with time, microlites display only one morphology, and microlites are randomly oriented at any given pressure or temperature. When compared to natural obsidians, our experiments suggest most of the microlites could have grown in ≤∼7 h. The variety of microlite morphologies and orientations argue for repeated in-conduit fragmentation and sintering, consistent with the idea that each individual obsidian pyroclast is the product of ash sintering at multiple depths in the conduit prior to finally being erupted. During most of the eruption, obsidian pyroclasts were extracted from many depths in the conduit, preserving an array of volatile contents and microlite textures. Near the end of the explosive phase, however, higher MND record longer periods of stalling while dissolved volatile contents record vapor-melt equilibration at shallow depths in the conduit.
Ingestion of car tire crumb rubber and uptake of associated chemicals by lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus)
Authors: Hägg Fanny , Herzke Dorte , Nikiforov Vladimir A. , Booth Andy M. , Sperre Kristine Hopland , Sørensen Lisbet , Creese Mari Egeness , Halsband Claudia 
Published: October 2023

Car tire rubber constitutes one of the largest fractions of microplastics emissions to the environment. The two main emission sources are tire wear particles (TWPs) formed through abrasion during driving and runoff of crumb rubber (CR) granulate produced from end-of-life tires that is used as infill on artificial sports fields. Both tire wear particles and crumb rubber contain a complex mixture of metal and organic chemical additives, and exposure to both the particulate forms and their leachates can cause adverse effects in aquatic species. An understanding of the exposure pathways and mechanisms of toxicity are, however, scarce. While the most abundant metals and organic chemicals in car tire rubber have multiple other applications, para-phenylenediamines (PDs) are primarily used as rubber antioxidants and were recently shown to cause negative effects in aquatic organisms. The present study investigated the responses of the marine lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) to crumb rubber exposure in a controlled feeding experiment. Juvenile fish were offered crumb rubber particles with their feed for 1 week, followed by 2 weeks of depuration. Crumb rubber particle ingestion occurred in &gt;75% of exposed individuals, with a maximum of 84 particles observed in one specimen. Gastrointestinal tract retention times varied, with some organisms having no crumb rubber particles and others still containing up to 33 crumb rubber particles at the end of the experiment. Blood samples were analyzed for metals and organic chemicals, with ICP-MS analysis revealing there was no uptake of metals by the exposed fish. Interestingly, high resolution GC-MS analysis indicated that uptake of PDs into lumpfish blood was proportionate to the number of ingested CR particles. Three of the PDs found in blood were the same as those identified in the additive mixture Vulkanox3100. N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) was the most concentrated PD in both the crumb rubber and lumpfish blood. The transformation product 6PPD-quinone was detected in the rubber material, but not in the blood. This study demonstrates that PDs are specific and bioavailable chemicals in car tire rubber that have the potential to serve as biomarkers of recent exposure to tire chemicals, where simple blood samples could be used to assess recent tire chemical exposure in vertebrates, including humans.
Simulating human walking: a model-based reinforcement learning approach with musculoskeletal modeling
Authors: Su Binbin , Gutierrez-Farewik Elena M. 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionRecent advancements in reinforcement learning algorithms have accelerated the development of control models with high-dimensional inputs and outputs that can reproduce human movement. However, the produced motion tends to be less human-like if algorithms do not involve a biomechanical human model that accounts for skeletal and muscle-tendon properties and geometry. In this study, we have integrated a reinforcement learning algorithm and a musculoskeletal model including trunk, pelvis, and leg segments to develop control modes that drive the model to walk.MethodsWe simulated human walking first without imposing target walking speed, in which the model was allowed to settle on a stable walking speed itself, which was 1.45 m/s. A range of other speeds were imposed for the simulation based on the previous self-developed walking speed. All simulations were generated by solving the Markov decision process problem with covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy, without any reference motion data.ResultsSimulated hip and knee kinematics agreed well with those in experimental observations, but ankle kinematics were less well-predicted.DiscussionWe finally demonstrated that our reinforcement learning framework also has the potential to model and predict pathological gait that can result from muscle weakness.
Altered functional activity of the precuneus and superior temporal gyrus in patients with residual dizziness caused by benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: Lin Cunxin , Liu Dan , Liu Yueji , Chen Zhengwei , Wei Xiue , Liu Haiyan , Wang Kai , Liu Tengfei , Xiao Lijie , Rong Liangqun 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveBenign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common clinical vertigo disease, and the most effective treatment for this disease is canal repositioning procedures (CRP). Most patients return to normal after a single treatment. However, some patients still experience residual dizziness (RD) after treatment, and this disease’s pathogenesis is currently unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore whether there are abnormal brain functional activities in patients with RD by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and to provide imaging evidence for the study of the pathogenesis of RD.Materials and methodsThe BPPV patients in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University had been included from December 2021 to November 2022. All patients had been received the collection of demographic and clinical characteristics (age, gender, involved semicircular canal, affected side, CRP times, BPPV course, duration of RD symptoms, and whether they had hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease.), scale assessment, including Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Hamilton Anxiety Inventory (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Inventory (HAMD), rs-fMRI data collection, CRP treatment, and then a one-month follow-up. According to the follow-up results, 18 patients with RD were included. At the same time, we selected 19 healthy individuals from our hospital’s physical examination center who matched their age, gender as health controls (HC). First, the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) analysis method was used to compare the local functional activities of the two groups of subjects. Then, the brain regions with different ALFF results were extracted as seed points. Functional connectivity (FC) analysis method based on seed points was used to explore the whole brain FC of patients with RD. Finally, a correlation analysis between clinical features and rs-fMRI data was performed.ResultsCompared to the HC, patients with RD showed lower ALFF value in the right precuneus and higher ALFF value in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG). When using the right STG as a seed point, it was found that the FC between the right STG, the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and the left precuneus was decreased in RD patients. However, no significant abnormalities in the FC were observed when using the right precuneus as a seed point.ConclusionIn patients with RD, the local functional activity of the right precuneus is weakened, and the local functional activity of the right STG is enhanced. Furthermore, the FC between the right STG, the right SMG, and the left precuneus is weakened. These changes may explain the symptoms of dizziness, floating sensation, walking instability, neck tightness, and other symptoms in patients with RD to a certain extent.
Invasion of the bucco-mandibular space by oral squamous cell carcinoma: histopathological analysis of invasion pattern
Authors: Kugimoto Takuma , Nishii Naoto , Oikawa Yu , Kuroshima Takeshi , Hirai Hideaki , Tomioka Hirofumi , Michi Yasuyuki , Kayamori Kou , Sakamoto Junichiro , Iwanaga Joe , Tubbs R. Shane , Ikeda Tohru , Miura Masahiko , Harada Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the patterns of invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) into the bucco-mandibular space (BMS) using detailed histopathological analysis and to assess clinical outcomes.MethodsPatients with OSCC who underwent segmental mandibulectomy or hemi-mandibulectomy combined with resection of the BMS between 2012 and 2021 were included. The invasions of the BMS were classified into three patterns. Pattern A was defined as a horizontal invasion, Pattern B as a vertical invasion, and Pattern C as an expansive invasion.ResultsIn total, 109 patients were reviewed. Of these 109 patients, the primary tumor affected the lower gingiva in 78 patients, the buccal mucosa in 18 patients, and was a primary intraosseous carcinoma of the mandible in 13 patients. Invasion of the BMS was significantly associated with a higher pathological T stage, positive/close margins, and lower disease-free survival (DFS) rates. The DFS rates were 86.7% and 66.0% in the BMS non-invasion and invasion groups, respectively. The DFS rates for each type of invasion were 82.1% for Pattern A, 67.4% for Pattern B, and 48.0% for Pattern C (P=0.277).ConclusionPatients with BMS invasion have a poorer prognosis than those without invasion of the BMS. Therefore, adjuvant therapy is necessary, especially in Patterns B and C. Evaluation of preoperative BMS invasion patterns is important for predicting the prognosis of OSCC.
Social Education in The Perspective of The Qur'an (A Study of Comparative Tafsir by Al-Maraghi and Qurthubi)
Authors: Rofiqi Rofiqi , Sugianto Hendi , Zainiyati Husniyatus Salamah 
Published: October 2023

Al-Qur’an memandang pendidikan sosial sebagai dimensi strategis dalam sistem ajaran dan norma-norma dalam Islam. terdapat banyak ayat al-Qur’an yang memahas tentang urgensi pendidikan sosial bagi umat Islam sehingga hal ini menisyaratkan bahwa ajaran Islam sangat memperhatikan terhadap pendidikan sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkap konsep pendidikan sosial dalam Al-Qur’am Surat Luqman ayat 17-19 dalam perspektif Tafsir Al-Maraghi dan Tafsir Al-Qurthubi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah library research di mana data/referensi utama diambil dari dua kitab tersebut dan didukung dengan jurnal-jurnal ilmiah lainnya. hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat persamaan penafsiran dan perbedaan antara Tafsir Al-Maraghi dan Tafsir Al-Qurthubi dalam menafsirkan Al-Qur’am Surat Luqman ayat 17-19. Persamaannya adalah keduanya menegaskan bahwa manusia harus memperhatikan tata cara dan perilaku dalam pergaulan dengan sesama, serta menjaga kesederhanaan dan merendahkan diri untuk mencapai keselarasan dalam kehidupan. Sementara perbedaanya adalah penekanan pada aspek yang berbeda dalam ayat tersebut. Kitab Al-Maraghi menekankan pada pentingnya menghindari sombong dan membangga-banggakan diri, serta pentingnya bersikap sopan santun dan baik dalam berinteraksi dengan orang lain. Sedangkan Kitab Al-Qurthubi menekankan pada tata cara berjalan di bumi yang seharusnya dilakukan dengan hati yang tulus dan rendah hati, serta pentingnya merendahkan suara dalam berbicara yang menunjukkan sikap rendah hati. Namun, pada dasarnya kedua kitab tafsir sepakat bahwa manusia harus memperhatikan tata cara dan perilaku dalam pergaulan dengan sesama, serta menjaga kesederhanaan dan merendahkan diri untuk mencapai keselarasan dalam kehidupan.
Fostering Religious Moderation Values of The Sixth Graders in Sampang, Madura
Authors: Rusdiyanto Rusdiyanto , Werdiningsih Indah , Arisandi Bustomi 
Published: October 2023

The role of teachers in managing education is crucial for creating a conducive environment that fosters the development of religious moderation values. It goes beyond mere theoretical concepts within specific subjects or programs, aiming to achieve recognition that moderate education is being implemented. The objective of this research is twofold: 1) to analyze the cultivation of religious moderation values in sixth-grade learning at MI Miftahul Ulum Sampang, and 2) to describe the religious moderation values instilled in the sixth-grade students at MI Miftahul Ulum Sampang.
This research adopts a qualitative descriptive methodology with a case study design. Data collection involves interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis proceeds through three stages: 1) condensing the data, 2) presenting the data, and 3) drawing conclusions and verifying findings. To ensure data validity, triangulation is employed, encompassing source triangulation, technique triangulation, and time triangulation.
The findings of this research indicate that the cultivation of religious moderation values in sixth-grade learning at MI Miftahul Ulum Disanah Sampang encompasses various subjects, including thematic learning, Aqeedah (Belief) and Akhlaq (Morality), Quran and Hadith, Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence), Islamic Education, Science, Social Studies, and Arabic language. Furthermore, the religious moderation values identified in the sixth-grade students at MI Miftahul Ulum Disanah Sampang comprise tolerance, equality, moderation, peace, and nationalism.
Implementation of Multicultural Values in Islamic Religious Education Teaching Materials at SMAN 1 Nganjuk
Authors: Firmansyah Firmansyah , Junaidi Junaidi , Hendawi Manal 
Published: October 2023

Research This is field research with use approach qualitative case study for identify contained multicultural values in PAI and BK teaching materials . Besides that's the goal study This Also reveal How values mentioned implemented to in learning in class. For this reason, this research leads to the documentation of learning tools for Islamic religious education and the data is analyzed using an interactive model from Miles and Huberman.. Results from study This is PAI textbook at SMA Negeri I Nganjuk normatively trying _ accommodate found multicultural values includes a) Attitude democracy b) Tolerance and c) Anti- violence. In context delivery mark Multicultural in class . PAI learning, Islamic religious education teachers at SMA 1 try to synergize these multicultural elements that are adapted to the material and learning objectives , so that in the learning process in the classroom a multicultural nuance grows
The Impact of Strategic Thinking on Risk Management: The Moderating Role of Organizational Support at Omani Construction Companies
Authors: Hamood Alhasani Abdullah , Jaralla Alkshali Shaker 
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study is to measure the impact of strategic thinking dimensions (strategic intent, systemic perception, deriving hypotheses, thinking in time and seizing opportunities) on risk management dimensions (risk identification, risk assessment, risk response and risk control) at Omani contracting companies. The study also aims to clarify the moderating role of organizational support in improving the impact of strategic thinking on risk management for these companies.
The study population consisted of (205) Omani contracting companies. The comprehensive survey method was adopted, where (205) questionnaires were distributed, with (149) questionnaires valid for statistical analysis being retrieved. The study adopted the quantitative descriptive approach. Regression coefficient and hierarchical regression
were used among other statistical methods to analyze the study data.
The study results indicated high levels of strategic thinking, except for deriving hypotheses, as well as high levels of risk management. The levels of practicing organizational support varied between high and medium levels. The results also showed a significant impact of strategic thinking on risk management, in terms of seizing opportunities, systemic perception and deriving hypotheses, while this impact was not significant for strategic intent and thinking in time. In addition, the results indicated a moderating role for organizational support in improving the impact of strategic thinking on risk management.
In light of the results, the researchers recommended the managements of Omani contracting companies, in order to raise the levels of strategic thinking, risk management and organizational support and achieve a balance between them, to work on developing the directors’ capacities to look ahead, encourage directors to prepare scenarios and assumptions, use advanced risk control systems and establish a reward system in line with the contributions made by employees.
Effect of Red Bajakah Tampala Flavonoid Concentration as Antibacterial on Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Hafifah Devika Khoirul , Suparno Suparno 
Published: October 2023

Red bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) is one type of bajakah that the Dayak people use as traditional medicine. Red bajakah tampala roots contain chemical compounds, namely flavonoids, which have antibacterial activity. This study aims to determine the effect of flavonoid concentration of red bajakah tampala root extract on the inhibitory power of Bacillus subtilis bacteria and the length of survival time. Bajakah root extract is obtained by decoctation method. The flavonoid content contained in bajakah extract was determined using the visible spectrophotometric method. The particle size was determined by a particle size analyzer (PSA), and the inhibition was tested by the Kirby Bauer technique. In an effort to identify bajakah root extract, density, viscosity, and refractive index were measured. The test results using the visible spectrophotometric method showed that the sample had a flavonoid concentration of 16.28 ppm. Meanwhile, the PSA test results showed that the particle size of bajakah extract was 94.6 nm. The antibacterial test results showed that the diameter of the clear zone increased from (6.23 ± 0.03) mm to (7.18 ± 0.06) mm according to the increase in flavonoid concentration from 10 ppm to 30 ppm. The ability of bajakah extract to survive in inhibiting bacteria varied from 48 hours to 72 hours. The results of measurements of density, viscosity, and refractive index are (0,960 0,002) gram/cm3, (0,890 0,010) , dan 1,3350 0,0005 respectively.
Keywords: Bacillus subtilis; decoctation; flavonoids; Red bajakah tampala
The effect of capital adequacy on the Value of Commercial Banks in Kenya
Authors: Gathara Fidelis , Mutwiri Nathan , Aluoch Moses 
Published: October 2023

Well-functioning banks diminish not only the transaction costs, but also the moral hazard and asymmetric information issues observed in the financial market. Despite the role played in financial inclusion, commercial banks in Kenya have seen increased liquidity risk, declining profitability and credit risk that has weakened the sector's stability. This research sought to establish the effect of capital adequacy on value of commercial banks in Kenya. The study was anchored on four main theories including Capital Structure Irrelevance Theory, Interest Rate Theory, Signaling theory and liquidity preference theory. This study adopted an explanatory research design and followed a positivism research philosophy. The study involved all the 43 commercial banks in Kenya which were selected using census sampling. The study covered a 7-year period between 2014 and 2021. Secondary data was used for the study and was obtained from the audited annual financial reports of the commercial banks in Kenya and CBK. The collected data was analyzed by uses of descriptive and inferential analysis with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 and STATA. Tables and figures were used to present the analyzed data. The study established that Capital adequacy has a positive impact on the commercial banks value in Kenya. The study concludes that financial soundness indicators such as capital adequacy are more important in determining the ability of a bank to produce value for its share-holders. The study recommends banks to improve their capital adequacy by retaining profits or raising new capital through various means such as issuing new shares, selling assets, or borrowing from financial institutions. Additionally, banks to improve their asset quality by adopting effective risk management strategies and banks should improve their management efficiency by investing in employee training and development programs, adopting technology to automate processes, and streamlining operations. Commercial banks can improve their liquidity by implementing effective liquidity risk management strategies.
Relationship between nurses' performance and their demographic characteristics
Authors: Al-Hasnawi Ameer Aqeel , Adea Aljebory Murtadha Kanim 
Published: October 2023

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of nurses' sociodemographic factors, such as age, gender, level of education, years of experience, time shift, and marital status on their performance. Methodology: A descriptive (correlational) research design was used. This study was conducted in Najaf city hospitals conducted between The study has been conducted between 8 August 2022 and 27 July 2023. A non-probability (convenience) technique was used to collect data. The study subjects included (350) staff nurses working in all units of selected hospitals.
Results: results of the current study indicate that there is a non-significant relationship between the overall assessment of Performance and nurses' demographic data. Conclusion: The study shows there is not a statistically significant relationship between nurses' socio-demographic data and their performance.