bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary care networks as a means of supporting primary care: findings from qualitative case study-based evaluation in the English NHS
Authors: Checkland Kath , Bramwell Donna , Warwick-Giles Lynsey , Bailey Simon , Hammond Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate primary care networks (PCNs) in the English National Health Service. We ask: How are PCNs constituted to meet their defined goals? What factors can be discerned as affecting their ability to deliver benefits to the community, the network as a whole and individual members? What outcomes or outputs are associated with PCNs so far? We draw policy lessons for PCN design and oversight, and consider the utility of the chosen evaluative framework.Design and settingQualitative case studies in seven PCN in England, chosen for maximum variety around geography, rurality and population deprivation. Study took place between May 2019 and December 2022.ParticipantsPCN members, staff employed in additional roles and local managers. Ninety-one semistructured interviews and approximately 87 hours of observations were undertaken remotely. Interview transcripts and observational field notes were analysed together using a framework approach. Initial codes were derived from our evaluation framework, with inductive coding of new concepts during the analysis.ResultsPCNs have been successfully established across England, with considerable variation in structure and operation. Progress is variable, with a number of factors affecting this. Good managerial support was helpful for PCN development. The requirement to work together to meet the specific threat of the global pandemic did, in many cases, generate a virtuous cycle by which the experience of working together built trust and legitimacy. The internal dynamics of networks require attention. Pre-existing strong relationships provided a significant advantage. While policy cannot legislate to create such relationships, awareness of their presence/absence is important.ConclusionsNetworked approaches to service delivery are popular in many health systems. Our use of an explicit evaluation framework supports the extrapolation of our findings to networks elsewhere. We found the framework to be useful in structuring our study but suggest some modifications for future use.
Regional variation in the use of revascularisation for peripheral artery disease in Japan: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Kanda Masato , Kuwabara Hiroyo , Kitahara Hideki , Kobayashi Yoshio , Inoue Takahiro 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the regional variations in the number of interventions and surgeries for peripheral artery disease (PAD) and explore the major determinants of the variations.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare National Database and Diagnostic Procedure Combination database in 2018.DataThe rates of endovascular treatment (EVT), bypass surgery per 100 000 individuals in the population were calculated for all 47 prefectures in Japan. The total annual changes in the rates of EVT and bypass surgery in Japan from 2012 to 2019 were calculated.AnalysisA linear regression model was developed with rates of EVT and bypass surgery as dependent variables and regional medical supply in each prefecture as explanatory variables. These regional factors included the rate of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for angina, the numbers of cardiovascular specialists, specialists in cardiac surgery, interventional radiology (IVR) training facilities and cardiovascular surgery training facilities, per 100 000, respectively.ResultsThere was a 5.7-fold difference (143 and 25 per 100 000 individuals aged ≥40 years) in the highest and lowest EVT rates. The highest and lowest rates of bypass surgery were 34 and <10 per 100 000 individuals aged ≥40 years in a prefecture, respectively. The rate of PCI contributed most significantly positive to the rate of EVT (p<0.001). However, the numbers of IVR and cardiovascular surgery training facilities had significant positive and negative relationships, respectively, with the rate of EVT. The numbers of specialists in cardiac surgery and cardiovascular specialists had significant positive (p=0.01) and negative (p=0.01) correlations, respectively, with the rate of bypass surgery.ConclusionsConsiderable regional variations in the rates of revascularisation for PAD were found. Unbalanced presence of medical resources, preference of suppliers and the training system had larger effects on the regional variation in Japan.
Responses of maize root morphology and soil available nutrient to fertilizer types in a coal mine reclamation area
Authors: Huijuan Bo , Xu Minggang , Dongsheng Jin , Qiang Zhang 
Published: November 2023

The impact of different fertilizer types with equal nitrogen levels on maize root morphology and soil available nutrient is needed, especially in coal mine reclamation areas. After 9-year fertilization, the maize root biomass, length, and surface area of the organic–inorganic fertilization (OF) treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments. The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium were 18.46 and 176 mg·kg−1, respectively, under OF treatment, which were significantly higher than those under other treatments. Our findings indicate that the fertilizing effect of OF treatment is effective for soil reclamation in mining areas.
Les vies du Prophète Muḥammad en Égypte ottomane
Authors: Soler Renaud 
Published: November 2023

Résumé
Cet article propose une réflexion sur l’écriture de la sīra, la « vie du Prophète », à partir de l’étude des catalogues de la Bibliothèque nationale égyptienne et de la Bibliothèque d’al-Azhar. L’analyse croisée des classifications des sciences médiévales et modernes, et des catégories utilisées par les catalogueurs à la fin du XIXe et dans la première moitié du XXe siècle, montre que la sīra était irréductible à la « biographie du Prophète », et recouvrait un ensemble de textes beaucoup plus large. La suite de l’article offre une description du corpus de 491 œuvres de sīra et des 1119 manuscrits et imprimés qui en sont les manifestations matérielles. Nous arrivons à la conclusion que ce corpus peut être utilisé pour décrire la culture de la sīra en Égypte et dans les provinces arabes de l’Empire ottoman. Deux résultats apparaissent particulièrement importants : la constitution de séries de textes (texte de base, commentaires, gloses) permet de décrire un pan majeur de la culture du commentaire à l’époque ottomane ; l’examen du corpus permet également d’offrir une perspective intéressante sur la transition entre la culture manuscrite et la culture imprimée dans l’Égypte du XIXe siècle.
No “Terror To Good Works, But To The Evil”
Authors: Marcoux J. Michel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Modern scholarship shows the enormity of Quaker religious sect misbehaviors starting about 1656 across colonial New England, including Quaker attacks on Plymouth Colony. After William Bradford’s 1657 death during that furor, Thomas Prence served as Plymouth governor for a third time. Prence made many valuable contributions to Plymouth and New England generally. However, unsurpassed among those achievements, his stout defense of Plymouth’s scripture based, separatist Puritan religious settlement against such Quaker attacks was especially meritorious. Scholarly insistence today on the vehemence of the threats posed to Plymouth by Quaker attackers, ca. 1656–62, validates continued appreciation of Prence’s disciplined responsive actions, emphatically voiced by Cotton Mather in the early 18th century.
Eternal Blue Sky 2.0
Authors: Chini Michelangelo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The revival of shamanism in Southern Siberia is increasingly characterised by online forms of representation. Through digital ethnographic research conducted in Russian, this paper argues that the internet reproduces non-digital narratives and practices endowing them with global, immediate reach in a very widely recognisable form, thus contributing to the amplification, legitimisation and contestation of shamanic power. Analysing the websites of two Irkutsk-area ‘shamanic centres’, I consider how digitalisation is contributing to the process of institutionalisation of shamanism, reproducing and further legitimising post-socialist hierarchies and structures of power in Buryat shamanism, while highlighting the malleable nature of shamanic power and the web alike. Conversely, I recur to the Buryat concept of khel am (a form of ‘omnipresent witchcraft’) in relation to two recent news stories of national relevance in Russia involving Siberian shamans, to illustrate the challenge posed by the over-amplification of shamanic power through digitalisation to shamans and their institutions’ claims to power.
Social and Economic Aspects of the Kuhmarim–Sehwalim Mazar in Khotan
Authors: Hällzon Patrick , Seher Tenha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Historical sources and recent data testify to the important role of the mazar pilgrimage in Uyghur daily life. The article deals with pilgrimage to Kuhmarim (alt. Köhmarim), a mazar ‘Muslim shrine’ close to Khotan, largely based on fieldwork by the authors who visited the shrine on separate occasions in 2009, 2015 and 2016. The shrine’s current status is unclear, but here we describe the pilgrimage as it was just before 2017. That was the year that the international community started receiving increasingly disturbing reports of the mass detention of Uyghurs, Kazakhs and other Muslim Turkic-speaking ethnic minorities in China. Given developments in the Uyghur homeland during the past few years, whereby hundreds or even thousands of mosques have been flattened to the ground together with the systematic destruction of numerous family tombs and holy shrines, this might be seen as a historical account of pilgrimage patterns, which still are not fully explored.
Legal Standing of Individuals and ngo s in Environmental Matters under Article 9(3) of the Aarhus Convention
Authors: Passarini Federica 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Individuals and non-governmental organizations’ access to justice in environmental matters may be hindered by a variety of obstacles, such as the fulfillment of legal standing conditions. In this regard, the Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Aarhus Convention), on its Article 9(3), imposes on each State Party the obligation to ensure members of the public, “where they meet the criteria, if any, laid down in its national law”, to have access to justice in order to challenge any violation of national environmental law. In this contribution, I focus on this provision with the purpose of assessing its normative content regarding the criteria for legal standing. To this end, I analyze the interpretation of Article 9(3) given by the Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee (accc), as well as the relevant case law of domestic courts and the Court of Justice of the European Union (cjeu).
The Deterrent Effect of Financial Sanctions Pursuant to Article 260(2) tfeu in the Context of Violations of Environmental Obligations
Authors: Burelli Camilla 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The paper aims at understanding whether financial sanctions pursuant to Article 260(2) tfeu have a deterrent effect in relation to specific types of State breaches, namely environmental ones. Spanning three parts, the paper examines how the different type of infringement affects the effectiveness of the payment of financial sanctions, and how these are not equally effective in relation to all types of breaches. Subsequently, it studies the features and issues of the Italian cases. On the bases on this empirical analysis, the article will try to answer the research question. Finally, proposals for amendments will be drawn up, assessing the feasibility of other forms of sanctions.
State Immunity from Civil Jurisdiction in Transboundary Environmental Litigations
Authors: Facchinetti Anna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The paper offers a de lege lata and de lege ferenda analysis of State immunity from civil jurisdiction in cases related to environmental transboundary damage, including climate change litigations. De lege lata, the analysis focuses on the customary exceptions to State immunity, namely the restrictive doctrine and the forum tort exception. De lege ferenda, the contribution firstly discusses the recent domestic case law lifting jurisdictional immunity for acts jure imperii which amount to serious violations of human rights and/or humanitarian law. Secondly, it seeks to open the discussion on a possible reform of the forum tort exception on the model of the European discipline of private international law in matters of tort, in order to ensure better protection of the individual right to an effective remedy.
Investigating the uptake and fate of per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris): comparison between target MS and sum parameter analysis via HR-CS-GFMAS
Authors: Gehrenkemper Lennart , Rühl Isabel , Westphalen Tanja , Simon Fabian , von der Au Marcus , Cossmer Antje , Meermann Björn 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, we present a screening method based on molecular absorption spectrometry to study PFAS uptake and fate in plants. To evaluate the suitability of this method we analyzed plant extracts with molecular absorption spectrometry (MAS) as well as liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for mass balance studies (w(F)). French bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) were grown on soil spiked using eight PFAS substances that vary in chain length and functional group composition. Specifically, these include three short-chained (C4–C5), five long-chained (C7–C10) carboxylic acids, one sulfonic acid and one sulfonic amide moieties. To investigate substance-specific PFAS uptake systematically, PFAS were spiked as single substance spike. Additionally, we studied one mixture of the investigated substances in equal proportions regarding w(F) and four PFAS mixtures of unknown composition. After 6 weeks, the plants were separated into four compartments. We analyzed the four compartments as well as the soil for extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) by high resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace-molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) as well as for sum of ten target-PFAS by LC–MS/MS. All three short-chained PFAS perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorobutanoic sulfonic acid (PFBS) and perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) were determined in high concentrations mainly in the fruits of the investigated plants while long-chained PFAS perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) were mainly determined in roots. PFBS was determined in remarkably high concentrations in leaves compartment by both quantification methods. Overall, comprehensive results of single substance spikes were in good agreement for both methods except for a few cases. Hence, two phenomena were identified: for mixed PFAS spikes of unknown composition huge differences between EOF and sum of target PFAS were observed with systematically higher EOF values. Overall, both methods indicate comparable results with MS being more reliable for known PFAS contamination and MAS being more valuable to identify PFAS exposure of unknown composition.
Graphical Abstract
Older adults’ experiences of participation in daily activities in Swedish assisted living
Authors: Jonasson Lise-Lotte , Bångsbo Angela , Billhult Annika , Wolmesjö Maria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
According to Swedish law, older adults in Sweden should be able to live a good, safe, and independent life with social and healthcare provided, based on their individual needs. In assisted living in Swedish eldercare the environment affects the older adults’ ability to participate in decision-making and strengthens their ability to feel meaningfulness. The ability of staff working in social and healthcare to invite older adults to participate varies. It is important to examine how older adults perceive their situation, as caregivers in eldercare tend to focus on routine work and experience difficulties in meeting the individual needs of older adults. The aim of this study was to explore how older adults in assisted living experienced participation in daily activities.

Methods
A qualitative interview study was conducted in two municipalities in the western part of Sweden. An exploratory and inductive design was used. Individual interviews were conducted with 11 older adults living in two different assisted living facilities. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
The interviews resulted in three themes: Being involved, Sense of well-being, and Influenced by the context. The older adults’ experiences of participation were interpreted as feelings of being involved in daily life activities, and how they felt involved in their own care and nursing. Participation created prerequisites for well-being. Sense of well-being could be related to feelings of security and social community. The organisation and work environment of the healthcare staff had a great impact on their ability to increase the participation of the older adults. The older adults were aware of the everyday work situation of the providers of social and healthcare and were Influenced by the context.

Discussion/conclusion
Important conditions for a good quality of life and participation for the older adults are to be treated with respect, receive information, and be able to choose. The older adults expressed several good ideas for improvements and a willingness to be involved in the development of the organisation at different levels. It is essential to invite older adults in assisted living to participate in the design of care and nursing.
A circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 outbreak in a chronic conflict setting: a descriptive epidemiological study in South Sudan – 2020 to 2021
Authors: Tegegne Ayesheshem Ademe , Anyuon Atem Nathan , Legge George Awzenio , Ferede Melisachew Adane , Isaac Zingbondo , Laku Kirbak Anthony , Biadgilign Sibhatu , Kilo Ochan Taban David , Ndenzako Fabian , Modjirom Ndoutabe , Olu Olushayo Oluseun , Maleghemi Sylvester 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
In this study, we describe the epidemiological profile of an outbreak of the circulating Vaccine Derived Polio Virus type 2 in South Sudan from 2020 to 2021.

Method
We conducted a retrospective descriptive epidemiological study using data from the national polio/AFP surveillance database, the outbreak investigation reports, and the vaccination coverage survey databases stored at the national level.

Results
Between September 2020 and April 2021, 59 cases of the circulating virus were confirmed in the country, with 50 cases in 2020 and 9 cases in 2021. More cases were males (56%) under five (93%). The median age of the cases was 23.4 ± 11.9 months, ranging from 1 to 84 months. All states, with 28 out of the 80 counties, reported at least one case. Most of the cases (44, 75%) were reported from five states, namely Warrap (31%), Western Bahr el Ghazal (12%), Unity (12%), Central Equatoria (10%), and Jonglei (10%). Four counties accounted for 45.8% of the cases; these are Gogrial West with 12 (20%), Jur River with 5 (8.5%), Tonj North with 5 (8.5%), and Juba with 5 (8.5%) cases.
The immunization history of the confirmed cases indicated that 14 (24%) of the affected children had never received any doses of oral polio or injectable vaccines either from routine or during supplemental immunization before the onset of paralysis, 17 (28.8%) had received 1 to 2 doses, while 28 (47.5%) had received 3 or more doses (Fig. 4). Two immunization campaigns and a mop-up were conducted with monovalent Oral Polio Vaccine type 2 in response to the outbreak, with administrative coverage of 91.1%, 99.1%, and 97% for the first, second, and mop-up rounds, respectively.

Conclusion
The emergence of the circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreak in South Sudan was due to low population immunity, highlighting the need to improve the country’s routine and polio immunization campaign coverage.
DiSCIoser: unlocking recovery potential of arm sensorimotor functions after spinal cord injury by promoting activity-dependent brain plasticity by means of brain-computer interface technology: a randomized controlled trial to test efficacy
Authors: Colamarino Emma , Lorusso Matteo , Pichiorri Floriana , Toppi Jlenia , Tamburella Federica , Serratore Giada , Riccio Angela , Tomaiuolo Francesco , Bigioni Alessandra , Giove Federico , Scivoletto Giorgio , Cincotti Febo , Mattia Donatella 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) results in reduced sensorimotor abilities that strongly impact on the achievement of daily living activities involving hand/arm function. Among several technology-based rehabilitative approaches, Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) which enable the modulation of electroencephalographic sensorimotor rhythms, are promising tools to promote the recovery of hand function after SCI. The “DiSCIoser” study proposes a BCI-supported motor imagery (MI) training to engage the sensorimotor system and thus facilitate the neuroplasticity to eventually optimize upper limb sensorimotor functional recovery in patients with SCI during the subacute phase, at the peak of brain and spinal plasticity. To this purpose, we have designed a BCI system fully compatible with a clinical setting whose efficacy in improving hand sensorimotor function outcomes in patients with traumatic cervical SCI will be assessed and compared to the hand MI training not supported by BCI.

Methods
This randomized controlled trial will include 30 participants with traumatic cervical SCI in the subacute phase randomly assigned to 2 intervention groups: the BCI-assisted hand MI training and the hand MI training not supported by BCI. Both interventions are delivered (3 weekly sessions; 12 weeks) as add-on to standard rehabilitation care. A multidimensional assessment will be performed at: randomization/pre-intervention and post-intervention. Primary outcome measure is the Graded Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensibility and Prehension (GRASSP) somatosensory sub-score. Secondary outcome measures include the motor and functional scores of the GRASSP and other clinical, neuropsychological, neurophysiological and neuroimaging measures.

Discussion
We expect the BCI-based intervention to promote meaningful cortical sensorimotor plasticity and eventually maximize recovery of arm functions in traumatic cervical subacute SCI. This study will generate a body of knowledge that is fundamental to drive optimization of BCI application in SCI as a top-down therapeutic intervention, thus beyond the canonical use of BCI as assistive tool.

Trial registration
Name of registry: DiSCIoser: improving arm sensorimotor functions after spinal cord injury via brain-computer interface training (DiSCIoser). Trial registration number: NCT05637775; registration date on the ClinicalTrial.gov platform: 05-12-2022.