bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late life‐threatening arrhythmia in patients with Brugada syndrome: Results from long‐term follow‐up in a large Japanese cohort
Authors: Shinohara Tetsuji , Takagi Masahiko , Kamakura Tsukasa , Komatsu Yuki , Aizawa Yoshiyasu , Sekiguchi Yukio , Yokoyama Yasuhiro , Aihara Naohiko , Hiraoka Masayasu , Aonuma Kazutaka ,   for the Japan Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation Study (J‐IVFS) Investigators
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionMost patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS) are first diagnosed in their 40s, with sudden cardiac death (SCD) often occurring in their 50s. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) may occur in some patients with BrS despite having been asymptomatic for a long period. This study aimed to assess the incidence and risk factors for late life‐threatening arrhythmias in patients with BrS.MethodsPatients with BrS (n = 523; mean age, 51 ± 13 years; male, n = 497) were enrolled. The risk of late life‐threatening arrhythmia was investigated in 225 patients who had experienced no cardiac events (CEs: SCD or ventricular tachyarrhythmia) for at least 10 years after study enrollment. The incidence of CEs during the follow‐up period was examined.ResultsDuring the follow‐up of the 523 patients, 59 (11%) experienced CEs. The annual incidences of CEs were 2.87%, 0.77%, and 0.09% from study enrollment to 3, 3−10, and after 10 years, respectively. Among 225 patients who had experienced no CEs for at least 10 years after enrollment, four patients (1.8%) subsequently experienced CEs. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significant differences in the incidence of late CEs between patients with and without a history of symptoms (p = .032). The positive and negative predictive values of late CEs for the programmed electrical stimulation (PES) test were 2.9% and 100%, respectively.ConclusionOur results suggest that patients with BrS who are asymptomatic and have no ventricular tachycardia/VF inducibility by PES are at extremely low risk of experiencing late life‐threatening arrhythmias.
PIF4 interacts with ABI4 to serve as a transcriptional activator complex to promote seed dormancy by enhancing ABA biosynthesis and signaling
Authors: Luo Xiaofeng , Dai Yujia , Xian Baoshan , Xu Jiahui , Zhang Ranran , Rehmani Muhammad Saad , Zheng Chuan , Zhao Xiaoting , Mao Kaitao , Ren Xiaotong , Wei Shaowei , Wang Lei , He Juan , Tan Weiming , Du Junbo , Liu Weiguo , Yuan Shu , Shu Kai 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTTranscriptional regulation plays a key role in the control of seed dormancy, and many transcription factors (TFs) have been documented. However, the mechanisms underlying the interactions between different TFs within a transcriptional complex regulating seed dormancy remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that TF PHYTOCHROME‐INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) physically interacted with the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling responsive TF ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4) to act as a transcriptional complex to promote ABA biosynthesis and signaling, finally deepening primary seed dormancy. Both pif4 and abi4 single mutants exhibited a decreased primary seed dormancy phenotype, with a synergistic effect in the pif4/abi4 double mutant. PIF4 binds to ABI4 to form a heterodimer, and ABI4 stabilizes PIF4 at the protein level, whereas PIF4 does not affect the protein stabilization of ABI4. Subsequently, both TFs independently and synergistically promoted the expression of ABI4 and NCED6, a key gene for ABA anabolism. The genetic evidence is also consistent with the phenotypic, physiological and biochemical analysis results. Altogether, this study revealed a transcriptional regulatory cascade in which the PIF4–ABI4 transcriptional activator complex synergistically enhanced seed dormancy by facilitating ABA biosynthesis and signaling.
Increased long‐distance and homo‐trans interactions related to H3K27me3 in Arabidopsis hybrids
Authors: Gao Zhaoxu , Su Yanning , Chang Le , Jiao Guanzhong , Ou Yang , Yang Mei , Xu Chao , Liu Pengtao , Wang Zejia , Qi Zewen , Liu Wenwen , Sun Linhua , He Guangming , Deng Xing Wang , He Hang 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTIn plants, the genome structure of hybrids changes compared with their parents, but the effects of these changes in hybrids remain elusive. Comparing reciprocal crosses between Col × C24 and C24 × Col in Arabidopsis using high‐throughput chromosome conformation capture assay (Hi‐C) analysis, we found that hybrid three‐dimensional (3D) chromatin organization had more long‐distance interactions relative to parents, and this was mainly located in promoter regions and enriched in genes with heterosis‐related pathways. The interactions between euchromatin and heterochromatin were increased, and the compartment strength decreased in hybrids. In compartment domain (CD) boundaries, the distal interactions were more in hybrids than their parents. In the hybrids of CURLY LEAF (clf) mutants clfCol × clfC24 and clfC24 × clfCol, the heterosis phenotype was damaged, and the long‐distance interactions in hybrids were fewer than in their parents with lower H3K27me3. ChIP‐seq data revealed higher levels of H3K27me3 in the region adjacent to the CD boundary and the same interactional homo‐trans sites in the wild‐type (WT) hybrids, which may have led to more long‐distance interactions. In addition, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) located in the boundaries of CDs and loop regions changed obviously in WT, and the functional enrichment for DEGs was different between WT and clf in the long‐distance interactions and loop regions. Our findings may therefore propose a new epigenetic explanation of heterosis in the Arabidopsis hybrids and provide new insights into crop breeding and yield increase.
How plants sense and respond to osmotic stress
Authors: Yu Bo , Chao Dai‐Yin , Zhao Yang 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTDrought is one of the most serious abiotic stresses to land plants. Plants sense and respond to drought stress to survive under water deficiency. Scientists have studied how plants sense drought stress, or osmotic stress caused by drought, ever since Charles Darwin, and gradually obtained clues about osmotic stress sensing and signaling in plants. Osmotic stress is a physical stimulus that triggers many physiological changes at the cellular level, including changes in turgor, cell wall stiffness and integrity, membrane tension, and cell fluid volume, and plants may sense some of these stimuli and trigger downstream responses. In this review, we emphasized water potential and movements in organisms, compared putative signal inputs in cell wall‐containing and cell wall‐free organisms, prospected how plants sense changes in turgor, membrane tension, and cell fluid volume under osmotic stress according to advances in plants, animals, yeasts, and bacteria, summarized multilevel biochemical and physiological signal outputs, such as plasma membrane nanodomain formation, membrane water permeability, root hydrotropism, root halotropism, Casparian strip and suberin lamellae, and finally proposed a hypothesis that osmotic stress responses are likely to be a cocktail of signaling mediated by multiple osmosensors. We also discussed the core scientific questions, provided perspective about the future directions in this field, and highlighted the importance of robust and smart root systems and efficient source‐sink allocations for generating future high‐yield stress‐resistant crops and plants.
“Diabetes is really simple on paper, but really complicated when you actually have it”: Understanding the daily stressors of adolescents living with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Rechenberg Kaitlyn , Geiss Carley , Koerner Rebecca , Ríos Nicole , Menon Usha 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to explore the daily stressors experienced by adolescents with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the perceived impact of those stressors on their self‐management and psychological well‐being.Design and MethodsWe conducted semistructured in‐depth telephone interviews using a qualitative descriptive approach with 20 adolescents aged 14–17 years with T1D and analyzed subsequent data using thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants who were non‐Hispanic white made up 85% of the sample, 75% identified as female and mean age was 15 years. The study identified two key themes: “the everyday stress of living with diabetes” and “managing stress and supporting psychological well‐being.” Participants described heightened mental load, the impact of daily activities, stress associated with public diabetes management, and added stress due to COVID‐19. Primary mitigation techniques included family support, peer support networks, activity engagement, and personal acceptance of their condition.Practice ImplicationsWe found that there is a compound effect that occurs with balancing daily disease management with normative activities of daily living. These data will help guide the design of new interventions and tailoring of existing interventions. Future intervention development may include physical exercise, mindfulness training, and stress reducing techniques.
Test characteristics for combining non‐invasive liver fibrosis staging modalities in individuals with Hepatitis C virus
Authors: Epstein Rachel L. , Buzzee Benjamin , White Laura F. , Feld Jordan J. , Castera Laurent , Sterling Richard K. , Linas Benjamin P. , Taylor Lynn E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNon‐invasive methods have largely replaced biopsy to identify advanced fibrosis in hepatitis C virus (HCV). Guidelines vary regarding testing strategy to balance accuracy, costs and loss to follow‐up. Although individual test characteristics are well‐described, data comparing the accuracy of using two tests together are limited. We calculated combined test characteristics to determine the utility of combined strategies. This study synthesizes empirical data from fibrosis staging trials and the literature to estimate test characteristics for Fibrosis‐4 (FIB4), APRI or a commercial serum panel (FibroSure®), followed by transient elastography (TE) or FibroSure®. We simulated two testing strategies: (1) second test only for those with intermediate first test results (staged approach), and (2) second test for all. We summarized empiric data with multinomial distributions and used this to estimate test characteristics of each strategy on a simulated population of 10,000 individuals with 4.2% cirrhosis prevalence. Negative predictive value (NPV) for cirrhosis from a single test ranged from 98.2% (95% CB 97.6–98.8%) for FIB‐4 to 99.4% (95% CB 99.0–99.8%) for TE. Using a staged approach with TE second, sensitivity for cirrhosis rose to 93.3–96.9%, NPV to 99.7–99.8%, while PPV dropped to <32%. Using TE as a second test for all minimally changed estimated test characteristics compared with the staged approach. Combining two non‐invasive fibrosis tests barely improves NPV and decreases or does not change PPV compared with a single test, challenging the utility of serial testing modalities. These calculated combined test characteristics can inform best methods to identify advanced fibrosis in various populations.
Factors affecting feed conversion ratios in US commercial catfish production ponds
Authors: Stone Nathan M. , Engle Carole R. , Kumar Ganesh , Li Menghe H. , Hegde Shraddha , Roy Luke A. , Kelly Anita M. , Dorman Larry , Recsetar Matthew S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFeed conversion ratio (FCR) is widely used as a measure of feed use efficiency in commercial aquaculture production and research. Surprisingly, little work has focused on the factors that affect FCR in plankton‐based, commercial ponds despite the widespread use of FCR as a production metric. Proposals to use FCR as a numeric standard for environmental regulation (mandatory or voluntary) raise questions as to whether FCR meets the reliability and consistency requirements of a good metric, and whether it would lead to desired behavioral changes. This article summarizes FCR data from university research verification programs conducted on US catfish farms and databases developed from commercial farm records. The relevant research literature is synthesized with respect to factors that affect FCR. US catfish is used as a case study because pond‐level data from verification trials (Extension/research‐led on‐farm trials of best available science) and commercial farm records are available. While specific to US catfish production, the analysis provides insights into factors affecting FCR that likely apply to other pond‐based aquaculture species. Commercial verification of pond data showed (1) significant variation in FCR (coefficients of variation from 1% to 47%) among ponds with similar stocking, feeding, and aeration rates; (2) significant effects of survival on FCR; and (3) no significant effects on FCR of yield, feed type, management, or production system. Improvements in FCR would occur with improved survival that requires improved management of federally protected fish‐eating bird populations and development of additional, effective vaccines for diseases. FCRs were found to not exhibit the degree of reliability and consistency required for use as an effective metric or numeric standard for regulatory purposes. Use of FCR for mandatory or voluntary regulation is unlikely to lead to behavioral changes by farmers.
Measuring Lexical Diversity in Texts: The Twofold Length Problem
Authors: Bestgen Yves 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe impact of text length on the estimation of lexical diversity has captured the attention of the scientific community for more than a century. Numerous indices have been proposed, and many studies have been conducted to evaluate them, but the problem remains. This methodological review provides a critical analysis not only of the most commonly used indices in language learning studies, but also of the length problem itself, as well as of the methodology for evaluating the proposed solutions. Analysis of three data sets of texts produced by English language learners revealed that indices that reduce all texts to the same length using a probabilistic or an algorithmic approach solve the length‐dependency problem; however, all these indices failed to address the second problem, which is their sensitivity to the parameter that determines the length to which the texts are reduced. The paper concludes with recommendations for optimizing lexical diversity analysis.
Partisan Governance and Minority Party Vetoes: Evidence from State Legislatures
Authors: Oldham Robert 
Published: February 2024

It is often argued that bipartisan lawmaking depends on minority legislative parties controlling institutional veto points through divided government and/or supermajority pivots. Using a new dataset of state legislative rollcall votes on tax increases—an issue where states vary in whether they require majority or supermajority votes—I assess (1) whether minority control of veto points is necessary for bipartisan policymaking and (2) whether there are greater levels of partisan governance when the majority controls all veto points. I find that partisan governance is more likely when the majority controls all vetoes. However, bipartisan policymaking is still the most common outcome even when institutional conditions are seemingly ideal for partisan governance. Interviews with state policymakers uncover various noninstitutional reasons for bipartisanship regardless of veto control. My findings suggest that while institutional rules can compel bipartisanship, they are just one of many reasons why the minority party participates in lawmaking.
L2 English speaking syntactic complexity: Data preprocessing issues, reliability of automated analysis, and the effects of proficiency, L1 background, and topic
Authors: Kim Minjin , Lu Xiaofei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe effects of learner‐ and task‐related variables on second language (L2) writing syntactic complexity (SC) have been extensively investigated. However, previous research has rarely assessed the reliability of computational tools for analyzing the SC of L2 spoken production, and we know less about the effects of such variables on L2 speaking SC. Using data from the International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English, this study explores data preprocessing issues for preparing L2 English speech samples for automated SC analysis, evaluates the reliability of L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer on preprocessed L2 English speech samples, and examines the effects of proficiency, first language (L1) background, and topic on L2 speaking SC. Our manual analysis of 30 random speech samples identified several issues that can be addressed through preprocessing to improve the accuracy of automated SC analysis. Results from multiple linear mixed‐effects models revealed significant effects of proficiency, L1 background, and topic on the mean length of clause, the number of complex AS‐units per AS‐unit, and the number of dependent clauses and complex nominals per clause in L2 learners’ spoken production. Our findings have useful implications for L2 speaking pedagogy and assessment as well as future L2 speaking SC research.
Prevalence and characteristics of Epidermophyton floccosum skin infections: A 12‐year retrospective study
Authors: Nokdhes Ya‐Nin , Leeyaphan Charussri , Jirawattanadon Pattriya , Pongkittilar Bawonpak , Sereeaphinan Chudapa , Bunyaratavej Sumanas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundEpidermophyton floccosum (E. floccosum), an anthropophilic dermatophyte, is the primary causative agent of skin conditions such as tinea cruris, tinea pedis and tinea corporis.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of E. floccosum‐induced dermatophytosis, with particular emphasis on the types of infections and demographic profiles.MethodsIn this retrospective study, patient records from the dermatology outpatient clinic were scrutinized, covering the timeframe from January 2009 to December 2020. Eligibility for the study required a dermatophytosis diagnosis verified by microscopic examination and fungal culture.ResultsOf the 4669 confirmed dermatophytosis cases, 82 (1.8%) were attributable to E. floccosum infection. The proportions of male and female patients with E. floccosum infections were 50.0% each. The most common presentation was tinea pedis (39.0%), followed by tinea cruris (37.8%) and tinea corporis (26.8%). The mean age at disease onset for tinea cruris was 38.7 ± 18.7 years, which was lower than that for tinea pedis (50.6 ± 14.2 years) and tinea corporis (53.5 ± 16.4 years). However, these age differences were not statistically significant. A continuous decrease in E. floccosum isolation was observed over the study period.ConclusionsThere was a steady decline in the prevalence of E. floccosum dermatophytosis over the 12‐year study period. Despite the decreasing trend, tinea cruris, tinea corporis and tinea pedis remained the predominant clinical manifestations of E. floccosum infection.
Virus‐induced changes in root volatiles attract soil nematode vectors to infected plants
Authors: van Griethuysen Pierre‐Alain , Redeker Kelly R. , MacFarlane Stuart A. , Neilson Roy , Hartley Sue E. 
Published: February 2024

Summary

Plant‐derived volatiles mediate interactions among plants, pathogenic viruses, and viral vectors. These volatile‐dependent mechanisms have not been previously demonstrated belowground, despite their likely significant role in soil ecology and agricultural pest impacts. We investigated how the plant virus, tobacco rattle virus (TRV), attracts soil nematode vectors to infected plants.

We infected Nicotiana benthamiana with TRV and compared root growth relative to that of uninfected plants. We tested whether TRV‐infected N. benthamiana was more attractive to nematodes 7 d post infection and identified a compound critical to attraction. We also infected N. benthamiana with mutated TRV strains to identify virus genes involved in vector nematode attraction.

Virus titre and associated impacts on root morphology were greatest 7 d post infection. Tobacco rattle virus infection enhanced 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol production. Nematode chemotaxis and 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol production correlated strongly with viral load. Uninfected plants were more attractive to nematodes after the addition of 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol than were untreated plants. Mutation of TRV RNA2‐encoded genes reduced the production of 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol and nematode attraction.

For the first time, this demonstrates that virus‐driven alterations in root volatile emissions lead to increased chemotaxis of the virus's nematode vector, a finding with implications for sustainable management of both nematodes and viral pathogens in agricultural systems.
Dynamic N6‐methyladenosine RNA modification regulates peanut resistance to bacterial wilt
Authors: Zhao Kai , Li Zhongfeng , Ke Yunzhuo , Ren Rui , Cao Zenghui , Li Zhan , Wang Kuopeng , Wang Xiaoxuan , Wang Jinzhi , Ma Qian , Cao Di , Zhao Kunkun , Li Yaoyao , Hu Sasa , Qiu Ding , Gong Fangping , Ma Xingli , Zhang Xingguo , Fan Guoqiang , Liang Zhe , Yin Dongmei 
Published: February 2024

Summary
N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant mRNA modification in eukaryotes and is an important regulator of gene expression as well as many other critical biological processes. However, the characteristics and functions of m6A in peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) resistance to bacterial wilt (BW) remain unknown.
Here, we analyzed the dynamic of m6A during infection of resistant (H108) and susceptible (H107) peanut accessions with Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum), the causative agent of BW. Throughout the transcriptome, we identified ‘URUAY’ as a highly conserved motif for m6A in peanut. The majority of differential m6A located within the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the transcript, with fewer in the exons.
Integrative analysis of RNA‐Seq and m6A methylomes suggests the correlation between m6A and gene expression in peanut R. solanacearum infection, and functional analysis reveals that m6A‐associated genes were related to plant‐pathogen interaction.
Our experimental analysis suggests that AhALKBH15 is an m6A demethylase in peanut, leading to decreased m6A levels and upregulation of the resistance gene AhCQ2G6Y. The upregulation of AhCQ2G6Y expression appears to promote BW resistance in the H108 accession.
Pollution risk and life insurance decisions: Microgeographic evidence from the United Kingdom
Authors: Adetutu Morakinyo O. , Odusanya Kayode A. , Rasciute Simona , Stathopoulou Eleni 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecent research documents that exposure to air pollution can trigger various behavioral reactions. This article presents novel empirical evidence on the causal effect of pollution risk on life insurance decisions. We create a unique dataset by linking microgeographic air quality information to the confidential UK Wealth and Assets Survey. We identify an inverse N‐shape relationship between pollution risk and life insurance adoption by exploiting the orthogonal variations in meteorological conditions. Over a given range above a threshold of exposure, rising pollution is associated with rising demand for life insurance, whereas at lower than the threshold levels of pollution, higher exposure risk reduces demand for insurance. Our findings indicate—for the first time—a nonlinear relationship between local pollution risk and life insurance demand.