bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell Adhesion onto Highly Curved Surfaces: One‐Step Immobilization of Human Erythrocyte Membranes on Silica Beads
Authors: Kaufmann Stefan , Tanaka Motomu 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis paper deals with single‐step, orientation‐selective immobilization of human erythrocyte membranes on bare silica beads with different topographies: 1) solid (nonporous) silica beads with a diameter of 3 μm and 2) porous silica beads with a diameter of 5 μm. Erythrocyte membranes were immobilized onto beads simply by incubation, without sonication or osmotic lysis. Membrane orientation before and after immobilization was identified with two immunofluorescence labels: 1) the extracellular part of glycophorin can be labeled with a first monoclonal antibody and a second polyclonal antibody with fluorescence dyes (outside label), while 2) the cytoplasmic domain of Band 3 can be recognized with a first monoclonal antibody and a second fluorescent polyclonal antibody (inside label). Adherent erythrocytes on the beads all ruptured, inverted the asymmetric orientation of the membrane, and selectively exposed their cytoplasmic domain. The surface topography did not influence the orientation or the amount of immobilized membrane. On the other hand, the fact that no adsorption or rupture of erythrocytes could be observed on planar quartz substrates suggests a significant influence of contact curvature on adhesion energy.
Improvement of the Kleihauer‐Betke test by automated detection of fetal erythrocytes in maternal blood
Authors: Pelikan Denise M. V. , Mesker Wilma E. , Scherjon Sicco A. , Kanhai Humphrey H. H. , Tanke Hans J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDReliable detection and quantification of fetal red cells in maternal blood is important in routine obstetric practice. The manual Kleihauer‐Betke test (KBT) is widely used, but it is imprecise and subjective. This study investigated whether automated readout of the KBT could improve sensitivity and accuracy. Methods: Glass slides containing dilutions of fetal red cells in adult blood were prepared and stained by using acid elution. Standard manual evaluation of the KBT was performed for all slides by one investigator. In addition, automated microscopy and image analysis of the same slides were performed, whereby detected fetal cells were reviewed by two independent investigators. Results: Ten replicate measurements of fetal cell numbers showed high reproducibility and very small interobserver and intraobserver variabilities. Typical coefficients of variation were 3–4% for concentrations ranging from 0.001% to 0.1%. The automated KBT showed strong correlation between theoretical and detected concentrations of fetal cells (r2 = 0.999). In the range from 0.0001% to 0.001%, the standard KBT underestimated the fetal cell percentage, whereas the automated KBT was very precise. The correlation between methods was good (r2 = 0.999). Conclusion: Automated readout of the KBT improved accuracy of fetal cell detection in the range from 0.0001% to 1% fetomaternal hemorrhage, particularly when larger numbers of cells were analyzed. Cytometry Part B (Clin. Cytometry) 54B:1–9, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immune consequences of pediatric and adult cardiovascular surgery: Report of the 7th Leipzig workshop
Authors: Tárnok Attila , Emmrich Frank 
Published: June 2003

AbstractCardiovascular surgery in children and adults is among the most common types of interventions in the western hemisphere for innate and acquired defects. In the recent decades, the risk of cardiovascular surgery has been reduced substantially. Nevertheless, open heart surgery is risky for the patient and can lead to postoperative complications such as postpericardiotomy syndrome, capillary leak syndrome, or multiple organ failure. To gain further understanding into the response to cardiovascular surgery, it is necessary to join forces from several disciplines of medicine and natural sciences. Interdisciplinarity is the basic concept of the Leipzig Workshop. The consensus of the workshop was that cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass induces a systemic antiinflammatory response due to (a) elimination of activated cells, (b) compensatory reaction to a local proinflammatory responses, (c) interleukin‐10 release, (d) anesthetics and medication, and (e) leukocyte extravasation. The subsequent proinflammatory reaction is the response to surgical trauma modulating the antiinflammatory reaction. Novel therapeutic approaches include the introduction of autologous endothelial progenitor cells from the peripheral blood into the sites of injury. The analysis of immune response and outcome prediction require novel analytical tools that allow fast, accurate, and quantitative determination of the desired parameters in a multiplexed manner (i.e., cytomics), such as flow cytometric microbead array assays and slide‐based cytometry. The major goal is predictive medicine by cytomics, i.e., the individualized risk assessment by analyzing the cytome in combination with sophisticated data pattern recognition. These developments may lead to individualized therapy for the benefit of the patient and cost reduction. Cytometry Part B (Clin. Cytometry) 54B:54–57, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimization of the chiral resolution of baclofen by capillary electrophoresis using β‐cyclodextrin as the chiral selector
Authors: Ali Imran , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe chiral resolution of baclofen was achieved by capillary electrophoresis using a fused‐silica capillary (60 cm×75 μm ID). The background electrolyte (BGE) was phosphate buffer (pH 7.0, 50 mM)‐acetonitrile (95:5 v/v) containing 10 mM β‐cyclodextrin. The applied voltage was 15 kV. The values of α and Rs were 1.06 and 1.00, respectively. The electrophoretic conditions were optimized varying the pH and the ionic strength of the BGE, concentrations of β‐cyclodextrin and acetonitrile and the applied voltage.
Analytical separations of lanthanides and actinides by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Janoš Pavel 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe separation of lanthanide and actinide elements belongs to one of the most challenging tasks of the separation science, due to a great similarity in their physical and chemical properties. The electrophoretic separation can be accomplished in the presence of suitable complex‐forming agents, from which α‐hydroxyisobutyric acid (HIBA) has been used most often. In the most effective capillary electrophoretic mode – capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) – a complete separation of lanthanide ions can be accomplished within a few minutes. Various electrophoretic methods can be relatively easily adopted for the determinations of individual lanthanide elements in certain kinds of technical materials, concentrates, precursors, etc., where the high speed and low costs of analysis characteristics of capillary electrophoresis (CE) may be advantageously exploited. Electrophoretic techniques may also be employed for speciation studies, especially for examinations of the behavior of actinides in the environment.
Influence of a hedge surrounding bottomland on seasonal soil‐water movement
Authors: Caubel Virginie , Grimaldi Catherine , Merot Philippe , Grimaldi Michel 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe influence of a hedge surrounding bottomland on soil‐water movement along the hillslope was studied on a plot scale for 28 months. The study was based on the comparison of two transects, one with a hedge, the other without, using mainly a dense grid of tensiometers. The influence of the bottomland hedge was located in the area where tree roots were developed, several metres upslope from the hedge, and could be observed both in the saturated and non‐saturated zone, from May to December. The hedge induced a high rate of soil drying, because of the high evaporative capacity of the trees. We evaluated that water uptake by the hedge during the growing season was at least 100 mm higher than without a hedge. This increased drying rate led to a delayed rewetting of the soils upslope from the hedge in autumn, of about 1 month compared with the situation without a hedge. Several consequences of this delayed rewetting are expected: a delay in the return of subsurface transfer from the hillslope to the riparian zone, a buffering effect of hedges on floods, already observed at the catchment scale, and an increased residence time of pollutants. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental Stress‐Cracking Resistance of LDPE/EVA Blends
Authors: Borisova Bistra , Kressler Jörg 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBlends of low‐density polyethylene with random copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate (PE/EVA) are studied with respect to their environmental stress‐cracking resistance (ESCR) using the Bell‐telephone test. This system shows the shortest time to failure in the ESCR test after annealing at 50 °C in a stress‐cracking agent (Igepal solution) compared with that in the tests conducted at 30 and 70 °C. The increase of the time to failure at 70 °C as compared with that at 50 °C is probably the result of the semicrystalline proportion of EVA melting. Transmission electron microscopy images (see Figure) reveal that EVA particles are molten and deformed in bending direction of the sample at 70 °C in contrast to samples annealed at 50 and 30 °C. TEM pictures of a failed sample during the test conducted at 50 °C indicate that EVA particles can stop crack propagation.TEM image of PE/EVA‐5.4 after 1 000 h in ESCR test conditions at 70 °C.magnified imageTEM image of PE/EVA‐5.4 after 1 000 h in ESCR test conditions at 70 °C.
Evidence for hydrochory and the deposition of viable seeds within winter flow‐deposited sediments: the River Dove, Derbyshire, UK
Authors: Goodson J. M. , Gurnell A. M. , Angold P. G. , Morrissey I. P. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPrevious studies of the influence of hydrochory on plant dispersal have focused on relationships with existing vegetation patterns or litter deposits. River sediment deposition studies have assessed sediment accretion rates, particle size and quality. The link between seed and sediment transport and deposition has been overlooked and never quantified.This paper presents observations of over‐winter viable seed and sediment deposition on three river margin sites along the River Dove, England. At these sites, 105 paired artificial turf mats were installed on the river bank top, face and toe from October 1999 to March 2000 to collect river‐deposited material. From each pair, one mat was used to determine the dry weight; median particle size; percentage sand, silt, clay and organic content of deposited sediment. The other was used in germination trials to determine the number and species of deposited viable seeds. Topographic surveys and water level measurements supported the estimation of the hydrological characteristics of each mat location.Few seeds and little sediment were found on mats not inundated by river water. For these inundated, sediment characteristics varied primarily with elevation (relative to local mean river water level during the study period), with less marked between‐site contrasts. The species composition of viable seeds also varied with elevation. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) revealed associations between river/wetland‐related seed species and the bank toe samples. Regression analysis revealed significant relationships between seed number, sediment properties and mat elevation. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed associations between the species and abundance of viable seeds and elevation, sediment weight and organic matter content. These analyses suggest that sediment and seed deposition by rivers are closely related processes.The implications of these results for seed remobilization and dispersal and hydrochory within riparian zones are discussed, as are the implications of changes in sediment/seed delivery mechanisms, river flow regimes, and the hydraulic properties of river margins for seeds, sediments and riparian vegetation patterns. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying and characterizing contemporary riparian sedimentation
Authors: Steiger J. , Gurnell A. M. , Goodson J. M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractFluvial processes of erosion, sediment transport and deposition determine the changing form and sedimentary structure of naturally adjusting riparian zones. Riparian sediment storage has both scientific and management importance in relation to: (i) the quantities of sediment that are involved; (ii) the quality of the sediment; and (iii) the dispersal of biological materials, notably the vegetation propagules that are transported and deposited in association with the sediment.After discussing the significance of riparian sedimentation processes, this paper reviews methods for quantifying contemporary sediment deposition within water bodies and their margins. Methods for investigating contemporary riparian sedimentation are given particular emphasis, and the extent to which different methods provide comparable estimates and have been used to support the analysis of different physical and chemical properties of the sediment are outlined. The importance of the following are stressed: (i) selecting a sampling method that is suited to the sedimentation environment; (ii) incorporating careful cross‐calibration if measurements from different methods are to be combined; and (iii) replicating measurements to give more robust estimates if small traps are employed. It is concluded that artificial turf mats provide a useful design of sediment trap across a range of environmental conditions because: (i) their surface roughness reduces problems of sediment removal by flood waters or rainfall; (ii) their pliability permits installation on irregular surfaces; (iii) they can be securely attached to the ground with metal pins to resist high shear stresses from river flows; (iv) they are robust and light and so easily manipulated in the field and laboratory; (v) it is possible to fully recover the deposited sediment to accurately determine the amount of sediment deposited and to support a range of other analyses.Results are presented to illustrate how artificial turf mats can be used to estimate the quantity and quality of deposited sediment and to explore the associated deposition of viable seeds. This provides one example of the important hydroecological role of riparian sedimentation processes and of the potential for the development of innovative, interdisciplinary research on riparian sediment dynamics. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alcohol promotes dopamine release in the human nucleus accumbens
Authors: Boileau Isabelle , Assaad Jean‐Marc , Pihl Robert O. , Benkelfat Chawki , Leyton Marco , Diksic Mirko , Tremblay Richard E. , Dagher Alain 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMicrodialysis experiments in rodents indicate that ethanol promotes dopamine release predominantly in the nucleus accumbens, a phenomenon that is implicated in the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis in humans that an oral dose of ethanol would lead to dopamine release in the ventral striatum, including the nucleus accumbens. Six healthy subjects underwent two [11C]raclopride PET scans following either alcohol (1 ml/kg) in orange juice or orange juice alone. Subjective mood changes, heart rate, and blood‐alcohol levels were monitored throughout the procedure. Personality traits were evaluated using the tridimensional personality questionnaire. PET images were co‐registered with MRI and transformed into stereotaxic space. Statistical parametric maps of [11C]raclopride binding potential change were generated. There was a significant reduction in [11C]raclopride binding potential bilaterally in the ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens in the alcohol condition compared to the orange juice condition, indicative of increased extracellular dopamine. Moreover, the magnitude of the change in [11C]raclopride binding correlated with the alcohol‐induced increase in heart rate, which is thought to be a marker of the psychostimulant effects of the drug, and with the personality dimension of impulsiveness. The present study is the first report that, in humans, alcohol promotes dopamine release in the brain, with a preferential effect in the ventral striatum. These findings support the hypothesis that mesolimbic dopamine activation is a common property of abused substances, possibly mediating their reinforcing effects. Synapse 49:226–231, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Personality abnormality in severe mental illness and its influence on outcome of intensive and standard case management: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tyrer P. , Manley C. , Van Horn E. , Leddy D. , Ukoumunne O.C. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryOne hundred fifty-five (77%) of 201 participants recruited in a trial of intensive vs standard case management of patients with recurrent psychotic illness had their personality status measured before treatment and were followed up for two years. The primary outcome was the total number of days spent in psychiatric hospitalisation in the two years following randomisation. Thirty-three (21%) of the patients had a personality disorder and their duration of hospital stay (105 days) was greater than in those without personality disorder (56 days). There was weak evidence that intensive case management more effective in reducing the duration of care in those with personality disorder than in those without personality disorder.
Add‐on therapy with montelukast or formoterol in patients with the glycine‐16 β2‐receptor genotype
Authors: Sims Erika J. , Jackson Catherine M. , Lipworth Brian J. 
Published: July 2003

Aims  We assessed whether montelukast or formoterol provides additive effects to asthmatics not controlled on inhaled corticosteroids, by studying patients who were considered to be genetically susceptible to β2‐receptor down regulation and subsensitivity, and who expressed the homozygous glycine‐16 β2‐receptor genotype.Methods  Fifteen corticosteroid‐treated, mild to moderate persistent asthmatics received montelukast 10 mg once daily or formoterol 9 µg twice daily for 2 weeks, separated by a 2‐week placebo run‐in and washout, in a double‐blind, double‐dummy, randomized crossover design. Bronchoprotection against adenosine monophosphate (AMP) challenge (primary endpoint), spirometry and blood eosinophils were measured at trough after placebo, first and last doses.Results  For AMP PC20vs placebo, there were sustained significant (P < 0.05) doubling dilution improvements following first (1.1; 95% CI 0.4, 1.9) and last (1.0; 95% CI 0.3, 1.8) doses of montelukast, and following first (1.3; 95% CI 0.1, 2.6) but not last (0.3; 95% CI −0.9, 1.6) doses of formoterol. Blood eosinophils (× 106 l−1) were significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed after the last dose of montelukast (−71; 95% CI −3, −140) compared with placebo, while formoterol exhibited a nonsignificant rise (20; 95% CI −92, 132). Neither treatment significantly improved FEV1, FEF25‐75 or PEF after 2 weeks.Conclusions  In genetically susceptible patients with the homozygous glycine‐16 genotype, montelukast, but not formoterol, conferred sustained anti‐inflammatory properties in addition to inhaled corticosteroid, which were dissociated from changes in lung function after 2 weeks. Thus, assessing lung function may miss potentially beneficial anti‐inflammatory effects of montelukast when used as add‐on therapy.
Expression of Arabidopsis CBF1 regulated by an ABA/stress inducible promoter in transgenic tomato confers stress tolerance without affecting yield
Authors: LEE J.‐T. , PRASAD V. , YANG P.‐T. , WU J.‐F. , DAVID HO T.‐H. , CHARNG Y.‐Y. , CHAN M.‐T. 
Published: July 2003

ABSTRACTModern‐day plants are subjected to various biotic and abiotic stresses thereby limiting plant productivity and quality. It has previously been reported that the use of a strong constitutive 35S cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) promoter to drive the expression of Arabidopsis CBF1 in tomato improved tolerance to cold, drought and salt loading, at the expense of growth and yield under normal growth conditions. Hence in the present study, the suitability of expressing the Arabidopsis CBF1 driven by three copies of an ABA‐responsive complex (ABRC1) from the barley HAV22 gene in order to improve the agronomic performance of the transgenic tomato plants was investigated. Northern blot analysis indicated that CBF1 gene expression was induced by chilling, water‐deficit and salt treatment in the transgenic tomato plants. Under these tested stress conditions, transgenic tomato plants exhibited enhanced tolerance to chilling, water‐deficit, and salt stress in comparison with untransformed plants. Under normal growing conditions the ABRC1‐CBF1 tomato plants maintained normal growth and yield similar to the untransformed plants. The results demonstrate the promise of using ABRC1‐CBF1 tomato plants in highly stressed conditions which will in turn benefit agriculture.
Open publishing
Authors: Morris Sally 
Published: July 2003

ABSTRACTThere is increasing pressure from academia to make the results of publicly funded research freely available to all. Preprint archives have grown up in some disciplines, and institutional archives are now being developed. While openly accessible preprints seem to have damaged publishers less than was originally feared, the final published versions of articles – when combined with sophisticated retrieval software – may turn out to be a different matter. Publishers have already done much to make their content more accessible through bundling, consortia licensing, access for less‐developed countries, more liberal customer and author agreements, and collective licensing. Some are experimenting with open access journals, although this may not work in all disciplines. It seems clear, however, that there are elements of value in journals themselves, and in the functions performed by journal publishers, which should survive.
The economics of scholarly journals: a case study on a society‐published journal
Authors: Ha Louisa 
Published: July 2003

ABSTRACTThis article re‐examines the economics of publishing scholarly journals and illustrates the dilemma of publisher identity and publication format with a case study of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication's Media Management and Economics division. The study investigates the perceived interest and demand for a society‐published journal for the field of media management and economics and the preferred format for that journal – print or online. Results showed a divided opinion on the support of a society‐published journal and no consideration of the benefits or harms of journal publishing to the society. The print journal, though a desirable format for authors, is deemed uneconomical. The online journal is viewed as a feasible publication outlet, but its status as a prestigious journal is doubtful. Applications of scholarly journal publishing and economic models to the case are discussed.
Perceptions of the customer
Authors: Kahn Deborah 
Published: July 2003

ABSTRACTAt a time when customer focus is an aim in many publishing companies, this paper looks at how people in publishing organizations think about customers, why they think like this and what this might mean to the products the company produces. It suggests that views of the customer are often internally constructed and become a self‐fulfilling prophecy, which could lead to publishers missing out on opportunities. The conclusion is that more and different interactions with customers are needed if publishers are to become truly customer focused.