bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Infusion of Cycloheximide Does Not Block Mossy Fiber Sprouting in a Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Toyoda Izumi , Buckmaster Paul S. 
Published: June 2005

Summary:  Purpose: The role of protein synthesis in mossy fiber sprouting is unclear. Conflicting reports exist on whether a single dose of the protein synthesis–blocker cycloheximide administered around the time of an epileptogenic injury can block the eventual development of mossy fiber sprouting. Methods: In rats, osmotic minipumps and cannulae were implanted to deliver 8 mg/ml cycloheximide to one dentate gyrus and vehicle to the other. This method has been used to block protein synthesis in the infused region for up to 5 days with minimal neurotoxic effects (Taha and Stryker, Neuron 2002;34:425–36). After 2 days of infusion, rats were treated with pilocarpine to induce status epilepticus. Pumps were removed 3 days later. Thirty days after pilocarpine treatment, rats were perfused, and hippocampal sections were processed for Timm staining. Results: Timm staining revealed aberrant mossy fiber sprouting in the inner molecular layer regardless of whether hippocampi were treated with cycloheximide or vehicle. Cycloheximide‐treated hippocampi displayed more aberrant Timm staining and more tissue damage around the infusion site than did vehicle‐treated hippocampi. Conclusions: Prolonged infusion of cycloheximide, spanning the period of pilocarpine treatment, did not block mossy fiber sprouting. This finding suggests that protein‐dependent mechanisms around the time of an epileptogenic injury are not necessary for the eventual development of synaptic reorganization.
A Comparison of Two fMRI Protocols for Eliciting Hippocampal Activation
Authors: Binder Jeffrey R. , Bellgowan Patrick S. F. , Hammeke Thomas A. , Possing Edward T. , Frost Julie A. 
Published: June 2005

Summary:  Purpose: Previous research suggests that the hippocampus is modulated both by stimulus novelty and by the extent to which relational processing (formation of associations) occurs during episodic encoding. The aim of this study was to compare hippocampal activation patterns measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during encoding protocols emphasizing either novelty or relational processing. Methods:
fMRI was performed on 32 healthy volunteers while they encoded complex visual scenes or unrecognizable scrambled versions of the same scenes. In the Novelty contrast, encoding of novel scenes was compared with encoding of a repeated pair of scenes. In the Relational Processing contrast, semantic encoding of novel scenes was compared with structural encoding of scrambled scenes. Results: Both protocols elicited bilateral hippocampal activation. Overall mean activation values were similar for the two protocols, but the Relational Processing protocol resulted in a larger volume of hippocampal activation. The pattern of activation along the longitudinal hippocampal axis differed for the two protocols. The Novelty contrast produced stronger activation in the posterior hippocampus, whereas the Relational Processing contrast produced stronger activation in the anterior hippocampus. Conclusions: Hippocampal activation is determined by both stimulus novelty and degree of relational processing during encoding. Given the importance of anterior hippocampal pathology in temporal lobe epilepsy, an approach emphasizing modulation of relational processing may be preferable for clinical fMRI of the medial temporal lobes.
Characteristics of Slow Waves on EEG Associated with Epileptic Spasms
Authors: Kobayashi Katsuhiro , Oka Makio , Inoue Takushi , Ogino Tatsuya , Yoshinaga Harumi , Ohtsuka Yoko 
Published: June 2005

Summary:  Purpose: The high‐voltage slow waves (HVSs) on EEG associated with epileptic spasms were investigated to clarify their characteristics and their relation to the pathophysiology of spasms in West syndrome and related disorders. Methods: In 14 patients, digitally recorded EEG segments showing the ictal HVSs were extracted and their traces were overlaid by using an average reference. The ictal HVSs were also averaged to build maps for investigation of the pattern of potential distribution over the scalp. Results: In a total of 685 recorded spasms, 346 (50.5%) with minimal artifacts were selected to demonstrate that the ictal HVSs had a largely consistent waveform and distribution in each patient. The ictal HVSs were symmetrical in 10 patients and asymmetrical in the other four, and were relatively negative over the posterior region and positive over the frontal or temporal regions in 11 patients. Two symptomatic patients showed a marked deviation of the distribution of HVSs to the pathologically more involved hemisphere. An infant with Aicardi syndrome had two different types of spasms, each type showing a consistent pattern of HVSs with a lateralized distribution. Conclusions: The patterns of distribution of the ictal HVS may be related to the abnormal activation of the brain in the generation of spasms.
Epilepsy and Neurocysticercosis in Rural Bolivia: A Population‐based Survey
Authors: Nicoletti Alessandra , Bartoloni Alessandro , Sofia Vito , Bartalesi Filippo , Chavez Josè Rosado , Osinaga Rimberto , Paradisi Franco , Dumas Jean‐Luc , Tsang Victor C. W. , Reggio Arturo , Hall Andrew J. 
Published: June 2005

Summary:  Purpose: To evaluate the frequency of neurocysticercosis (NCC) in a well‐defined prevalent cohort of epilepsy patients in the rural area of the Cordillera province. Methods: We carried out a two‐phase door‐to‐door neuroepidemiologic survey in a sample of 10,124 subjects in a rural area of the Cordillera Province, Bolivia, to detect the prevalence of the most common neurologic disorders including epilepsy. A team of health workers administered a standard screening instrument for neurologic diseases; subjects found positive at the screening phase underwent a complete neurologic examination. Epilepsy patients were diagnosed according to the definition proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE, 1993). Epilepsy patients identified this way underwent electroencephalographic recording, computed tomography (CT) scan, and serologic evaluation to detect antibodies against Taenia solium by enzyme‐linked immunoelectrotransfer blot. Results: At the end of the survey, we detected 124 defined prevalent epilepsy patients. On the basis of the classification proposed by the ILAE in 1981, partial seizures were the most common type diagnosed (66 patients, 53.3%). Of the 124 patients, 105 underwent CT scan, and a serum sample was taken to detect antibodies against T. solium in 112 patients; for 97 patients, both neuroradiologic and serologic data were available. Considering radiologic, serologic, and clinical features, of these 124 patients, 34 (27.4%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for definitive or probable NCC proposed in 2001. Of these 34 patients 24 (70.6%) had partial seizures. Conclusions: Our data confirm a high frequency of NCC among a well‐defined prevalent cohort of epilepsy patients.
Effect of non‐surgical periodontal treatment with or without doxycycline on the periodontium of type 1 diabetic patients
Authors: Llambés Fernando , Silvestre Francisco‐Javier , Hernández‐Mijares Antonio , Guiha Rami , Caffesse Raúl 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAim: The present investigation was performed to study how type 1 diabetics responded to non‐surgical periodontal treatment with and without adjunctive doxycycline.Method: Sixty diabetic type 1 patients (mean age 35.3±9 years) with moderate‐to‐severe periodontal disease were selected and divided into two groups of 30 patients each. Both groups were sex and age matched and had similar amounts of periodontal destruction. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment levels (CAL) were recorded. Group 1 (30 patients) was treated with oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planing, chlorhexidine rinses twice a day and doxycycline (100 mg/day for 15 days). Group 2 (30 patients) had the same treatment but without doxycycline. After 12 weeks their periodontal condition was reevaluated.Results: After treatment, both groups had a significant improvement in all periodontal parameters, since PI, BOP, probing pocket depth (PPD) and CAL were significantly reduced. However, the reduction in PD in pockets 6 mm and in BOP were more evident when doxycycline was used (group 1). Differences between groups for these parameters were statistically significant (p=0.03).Conclusion: Although both periodontal treatment regimens are effective in type 1 diabetics, the use of doxycycline as an adjunct, provided more significant results when good plaque control was achieved.
Haemangiopericytoma of the maxillary gingiva: report of a case
Authors: Petrone Giovanna , Perrotti Vittoria , Fioroni Massimiliano , Rubini Corrado , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAim: Haemangiopericytoma (HPC) represents approximately 3% of all tumours in the head and neck. This tumour is a soft tissue tumour derived from mesenchymal cells with pericytic differentiation. We present the clinicopathological findings of a case.Materials and Methods: A 69‐year‐old man was referred to our Department for a mass located on the right pre‐molar maxillary gingiva; this mass caused problems during chewing, but was otherwise asymptomatic.Results: Clinical examination revealed a nodular, pink lesion, 3.5 cm in diameter, which was lined with normal mucosa. The lesion was mobile in relation to the deep and superficial tissues. Microscopic analysis of the neoplasm showed a vascular rich pattern, constituted by vessels covered with flat endothelium and surrounded by abundant spindly cells. On the basis of these histological and immunohistochemical findings, the final diagnosis was HPC.Conclusions: HPC is an uncommon vascular tumour for which the biological behaviour is difficult to predict. In our patient, no recurrences or distant metastases were present at a 4 years follow‐up.
Iterative schemes with some control conditions for a family of finite nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces
Authors: Jung Jong Soo , Cho Yeol Je , Agarwal RP 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe iterative schemes with some control conditions for a family of finite nonexpansive mappings are established in a Banach space. The main theorem improves results of Jung and Kim (also Bauschke). Our results also improve the corresponding results of Cho et al., Shioji and Takahashi, Xu, and Zhou et al. in certain Banach spaces and of Lions, O'Hara et al., and Wittmann in a framework of a Hilbert space, respectively.
Fixed points of multimaps which are not necessarily nonexpansive
Authors: Shahzad Naseer , Lone Amjad 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLet "Equation missing" be a nonempty closed bounded convex subset of a Banach space "Equation missing" whose characteristic of noncompact convexity is less than "Equation missing" and "Equation missing" a continuous "Equation missing"- "Equation missing"-contractive "Equation missing" map (which is not necessarily nonexpansive) from "Equation missing" to "Equation missing" satisfying an inwardness condition, where "Equation missing" is the family of all nonempty compact convex subsets of "Equation missing". It is proved that "Equation missing" has a fixed point. Some fixed points results for noncontinuous maps are also derived as applications. Our result contains, as a special case, a recent result of Benavides and Ramírez (2004).
A degree theory for a class of perturbed Fredholm maps
Authors: Benevieri Pierluigi , Calamai Alessandro , Furi Massimo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe define a notion of degree for a class of perturbations of nonlinear Fredholm maps of index zero between infinite-dimensional real Banach spaces. Our notion extends the degree introduced by Nussbaum for locally "Equation missing"-contractive perturbations of the identity, as well as the recent degree for locally compact perturbations of Fredholm maps of index zero defined by the first and third authors.
Identifying differential expression in multiple SAGE libraries: an overdispersed log-linear model approach
Authors: Lu Jun , Tomfohr John K , Kepler Thomas B 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Background
In testing for differential gene expression involving multiple serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) libraries, it is critical to account for both between and within library variation. Several methods have been proposed, including the t test, t
w
test, and an overdispersed logistic regression approach. The merits of these tests, however, have not been fully evaluated. Questions still remain on whether further improvements can be made.

Results
In this article, we introduce an overdispersed log-linear model approach to analyzing SAGE; we evaluate and compare its performance with three other tests: the two-sample t test, t
w
test and another based on overdispersed logistic linear regression. Analysis of simulated and real datasets show that both the log-linear and logistic overdispersion methods generally perform better than the t and t
w
tests; the log-linear method is further found to have better performance than the logistic method, showing equal or higher statistical power over a range of parameter values and with different data distributions.

Conclusion
Overdispersed log-linear models provide an attractive and reliable framework for analyzing SAGE experiments involving multiple libraries. For convenience, the implementation of this method is available through a user-friendly web-interface available at http://www.cbcb.duke.edu/sage.
Comparative modelling of protein structure and its impact on microbial cell factories
Authors: Centeno Nuria B , Planas-Iglesias Joan , Oliva Baldomero 
Published: June 2005

AbstractComparative modeling is becoming an increasingly helpful technique in microbial cell factories as the knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of a protein would be an invaluable aid to solve problems on protein production. For this reason, an introduction to comparative modeling is presented, with special emphasis on the basic concepts, opportunities and challenges of protein structure prediction. This review is intended to serve as a guide for the biologist who has no special expertise and who is not involved in the determination of protein structure. Selected applications of comparative modeling in microbial cell factories are outlined, and the role of microbial cell factories in the structural genomics initiative is discussed.
Transcript copy number estimation using a mouse whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray
Authors: Carter Mark G , Sharov Alexei A , VanBuren Vincent , Dudekula Dawood B , Carmack Condie E , Nelson Charlie , Ko Minoru SH 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe ability to quantitatively measure the expression of all genes in a given tissue or cell with a single assay is an exciting promise of gene-expression profiling technology. An in situ-synthesized 60-mer oligonucleotide microarray designed to detect transcripts from all mouse genes was validated, as well as a set of exogenous RNA controls derived from the yeast genome (made freely available without restriction), which allow quantitative estimation of absolute endogenous transcript abundance.
Zero tolerance of violence by users of mental health services: The need for an ethical framework
Authors: Behr G. M. , Ruddock J. P. , Benn P. , Crawford M. J. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryConcerns about violent conduct of service users towards healthcare staff have prompted a ‘zero tolerance’ policy within the National Health Service. This policy specifically excludes users of mental health services. We attempt to challenge artificial distinctions between users of mental health and other services, and propose an ethical underpinning to the implementation of this policy.
All things to all people: what referrers want from their child and adolescent mental health service
Authors: Potter Rob , Langley Kate , Sakhuja Divya 
Published: June 2005

Aims and MethodThis study aimed to assess how referrers to specialist child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) wanted priorities to be determined. Postal questionnaires were sent to practitioners referring to the service in the Bridgend district.ResultsNearly three-quarters of the questionnaires were returned (n=184). There was wide variation between professional groups in the priority attributed to different presenting problems, their modification by ‘contextual factors' and acceptable waiting times for the service. Mental disorder, self-harm, child abuse and complex cases require greatest priority.Clinical ImplicationsNeeds of referrers must be considered when deciding priorities for specialist CAMHS, however diverse these appear. If youth mental health needs are to be addressed, better communication between services, and clearer definition of the role of specialist CAMHS is imperative.
Quality of Life of Long-Term Survivors of Breast Cancer and Lymphoma Treated With Standard-Dose Chemotherapy or Local Therapy
Authors: Ahles Tim A. , Saykin Andrew J. , Furstenberg Charlotte T. , Cole Bernard , Mott Leila A. , Titus-Ernstoff Linda , Skalla Karen , Bakitas Marie , Silberfarb Peter M. 
Published: June 2005

Purpose This study compared the quality of life (QOL) of long-term survivors of breast cancer and lymphoma who had been treated with standard-dose systemic chemotherapy or local therapy only. Patients and Methods Long-term survivors (mean, 10.0 ± 5.3 years after treatment) of breast cancer or lymphoma who had been treated with systemic chemotherapy (breast, n = 141, age = 57.0 ± 10.1 years; lymphoma, n = 66, age = 55.8 ± 13.5 years) or local therapy only (breast, n = 294, age = 65.8 ± 9.1 years; lymphoma, n = 37, age = 50.4 ± 12.8 years) were interviewed by phone using the Quality of Life–Cancer Survivors Tool. Results Multivariate analysis of covariance, controlling for sex, age, education, stage of disease, and time since last treatment, revealed that survivors who had been treated with systemic chemotherapy scored significantly lower on overall QOL compared with survivors treated with local therapy only (P = .04). Analysis of covariance on the subscale scores revealed that, compared with survivors who received local therapy, survivors treated with chemotherapy scored significantly lower on the Social subscale (P < .0001), but no differences emerged on the Psychological or Spiritual subscales. There was a statistically significant interaction between treatment and diagnosis (P = .01), as measured by the Physical subscale, indicating that lymphoma survivors treated with chemotherapy scored worse than all other groups. Conclusion Important QOL differences emerged between the chemotherapy and local therapy groups, suggesting that long-term QOL may vary depending on the type of treatment and diagnosis.
Soft Tissue Sarcoma or Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors in the First Year of Life: Experience of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) Malignant Mesenchymal Tumor Committee
Authors: Orbach D. , Rey A. , Oberlin O. , Sanchez de Toledo J. , Terrier-Lacombe M.J. , van Unnik A. , Quintana E. , Stevens M.C.G. 
Published: June 2005

Purpose To describe the outcome of infants with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of malignant mesenchymal tumor (MMT) included in the International Society of Paediatric Oncology studies MMT 84 and MMT 89. Patients and Methods One hundred two infants (≤ 12 months old) were included. Twenty-four children were less than 3 months old, and 16 were less than 1 month old. Sixty-four patients had rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), 26 had undifferentiated sarcoma, and 12 had other histology. Clinical TNM stage was stage I (41%), II (39%), III (6%), and IV (14%). First-line treatment was ifosfamide, vincristine, dactinomycin, whereas the second-line combination consisted of either cisplatin and doxorubicin (in MMT 84) or vincristine, carboplatin, etoposide/teniposide (in MMT 89). Chemotherapy doses were adapted to age. Local therapy was conservative surgery as often as possible. Results After a median follow-up of 7.8 years (range, 0.1 to 13 years), 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival rates were 66% and 55% for the total study population and 72% and 60% for nonmetastatic patients, respectively. Only two of 13 stage IV patients survived. Sixty-seven percent of newborn infants survived. Infants with alveolar subtype had a poorer survival than those with non-RMS MMT or nonalveolar RMS (5-year OS, 37% v 75% or 82%, respectively; P = .002). When compared with older children with MMT, young age does not seem to be an important prognostic factor. Conclusion OS was satisfactory even when local treatment was not aggressive, although the prognosis was poor for infants with alveolar RMS or metastatic tumors. Chemotherapy toxicity was manageable with appropriate dose modification.
Temporal Patterns of Sea Louse Infestation on Wild Pacific Salmon in Relation to the Fallowing of Atlantic Salmon Farms
Authors: Morton Alexandra , Routledge Richard D. , Williams Rob 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
We report on a 3-year study of the infestation rates of the sea louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, on wild juvenile pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and chum salmon O. keta in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia. In 2002, the British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food ordered farm fallowing (i.e., the removal of farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar from net-cages) along the presumed migration route of wild juvenile Pacific salmon in this area. The goal was to protect wild juvenile fish from sea louse infestation. We assessed the effectiveness of this decision by comparing sea louse infestation rates on wild juvenile salmon near three Atlantic salmon farm sites prior to, during, and after fallowing. Overall, L. salmonis levels were significantly reduced (P &lt; 0.0001) at the study sites during fallowing but returned to the original level after fallowing. The decline was age specific. While the abundance of the earliest attached sea louse phase (the copepodid stage) declined by a factor of 42, the mean abundance of adult L. salmonis did not decline significantly. Changes in salinity and temperature could not account for the decline. This study provides evidence that the fallowing of Atlantic salmon farms during spring juvenile salmon migrations can be an effective conservation and management tool for protecting wild salmon. While this correlation adds to the increasing weight of evidence linking Atlantic salmon farms to increased parasite loads on wild salmon, greater cooperation between researchers and farmers will be necessary to isolate the causal mechanisms and provide safe seaward passage to wild juvenile salmon.
Effect of soot layer microstructure on diesel particulate filter regeneration
Authors: Kostoglou Margaritis , Konstandopoulos Athanasios G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDiesel particulate filter (DPF) behavior depends strongly on the microstructural properties of the deposited soot aggregates. In the past the issue of the growth process of soot deposits in honeycomb ceramic filters has been addressed under nonreactive conditions, and the influence of the filter operating conditions has been defined in terms of the dimensionless Peclet number. Appropriate soot cake microstructural descriptors are studied under reactive conditions for different oxidation modes. To this end the effect of deposit microstructure on the soot oxidation kinetics is investigated. Different microstructural models for the reacting soot deposit are examined in a unified fashion and a generalized constitutive equation is obtained, describing several modes of microstructure evolution (shrinking layer, shrinking density, discrete columnar and continuous columnar). Understanding the structural evolution of soot deposits during oxidation is of major importance for intelligent operation and simulation of DPFs, and for practical estimation of their soot mass load. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005