bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Follow‐Up of Very Low Birth Weight Infants After Hospital Discharge with Respect to Growth and Mineral Homeostasis
Authors: Cooper Peter A. , Rothberg Alan D. , Pettifor John M. 
Published: February 2024

Summary:Very low birth weight infants from two previous in‐hospital feeding studies were investigated at follow‐up after hospital discharge at a mean postnatal age of 12 weeks. Of infants who had received human milk in hospital (own mother's or pooled), 26 were seen at follow‐up, of whom only 8 remained exclusively breast fed. Of those fed a formula in hospital, 31 were seen at follow‐up. Those infants who had been fed human milk while in hospital demonstrated slower linear growth over the 6‐week period of this study. Only those fed exclusively human milk from birth to the time of follow‐up showed elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and low serum phosphate values, while those fed human milk in hospital, but completely or partially formula fed thereafter, had values similar to those fed formula throughout. Alkaline phosphatase values <675 IU/L were associated with either exclusive breast feeding or vitamin D depletion. Of the two cases of rickets diagnosed on wrist x‐rays, one infant had been exclusively breast fed and the other was vitamin D depleted.
Development of Acid Secretory Function in the Rat Stomach
Authors: Hervatin F. , Moreau E. , Ducroc R. , Garzon B. , Geloso J. P. 
Published: February 2024

Summary:Gastric acid secretion was studied in anesthetized rats from day 6 of the postnatal period up to the time of weaning. Basal H+ secretion was detected from day 6 in the first group studied (2.4 ± 0.2 μEq of H+/10 min/100 g of bodyweight, BW) and remained constant up to the time of weaning (day 18: 2.5 ± 0.2 μEq of H+/10 min/100 g of body weight) except for the period between days 10 and 12, when it fell significantly (1.5 ± 0.06 μEq H+/10 min/100 g of BW on day 12). Both histamine H2 receptor sensitivity and intracellular transduction mechanism activities were evaluated by studying the secretory responses to histamine, impromidine (an H2 receptor agonist), cimetidine (an H2 receptor antagonist), forskolin (a direct adenylate cyclase activator), and dibutyryl (db) cAMP (an analogue of cAMP, the intracellular messenger mediating the response to histamine). The effects of pentagastrin and carbachol were also determined. The secretory responses obtained on days 6, 8, and 18 were similar and represented about threefold increases over basal secretion for all the secretagogues used. After weaning on day 20, both the basal secretion and the response to secretagogues were significantly increased compared with those of unweaned animals. On day 12, the responses were always weaker than on both days 8 and 18. Injection of 1 mg/kg of corticosterone 21 acetate daily from day 8 resulted on day 12 in a basal secretion and a response to histamine equivalent to those measured in 18‐day‐old pups not injected. The results described in this article represent a potentially useful set of baseline data concerning the development of gastric acid secretion in the rat stomach. They reinforce the finding previously established in our laboratory that there is a regression of secretory activity on days 10‐12 of life in the rat.
Rechallenge Following an Early Life Exposure to a High‐Cholesterol Diet Enhances Diet‐Associated Alterations in Intestinal Permeability
Authors: Thomson A. B. R. , Keelan M. 
Published: February 2024

Summary:This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the intestinal transport response to a highcholesterol (2%) diet (HCD) is influenced by prior exposure to HCD at an earlier age. Uptake was assessed using an in vitro technique, and rabbits were fed one of four dietary regimens: chow for 20 weeks, chow for 14 weeks followed by HCD for 6 weeks, chow for 2 weeks followed by 4 weeks HCD followed by chow for 14 weeks, or 2 weeks chow followed by 4 weeks HCD followed by 8 weeks chow and then 6 further weeks with HCD. The passive jejunal uptake of octanoic, lauric, cholic, and taurocholic acids was greater in animals previously exposed at an earlier age to HCD, as compared with those first exposed to HCD at a later age. Furthermore, the effect of HCD on the passive permeability properties of the intestine lasted for as long as 14 weeks after the animals were switched from HCD back to chow. These alterations in permeability properties occurred in the absence of changes in the intestinal mucosal surface area and were not explained by differences in the rabbits' body weight gain, food consumption, or mucosal surface area of the jejunum or ileum. Thus, (a) early changes in animals' dietary content of cholesterol may have prolonged effects on intestinal transport function, and (b) this early feeding experience with cholesterol may alter the adaptive pattern of the intestine when animals are exposed to a dietary cholesterol challenge at a later age.
Effects of Aluminum on the Liver Following High‐Dose Enteral Administration to Rats
Authors: Klein Gordon L. , Lee Thomas C. , Mann Peggy A. , Miller Nancy L. , Alfrey Allen C. 
Published: February 2024

Summary:Parenteral administration of aluminum (Al) to animals can result in hepatobiliary dysfunction, including elevated total serum bile acid concentration, reduced bile flow, and reduction of mixed function oxidase activities. Despite substantial hepatic Al accumulation, biliary Al excretion is negligible. We studied the effects of enteral administration of pharmacologic doses of Al to rats in order to see if by this route Al also produced hepatobiliary dysfunction or if biliary Al excretion was enhanced following enteral administration, protecting the liver from the effects of Al. Six rats were given 100 mg/kg/day of Al for 14 days as Al citrate by duodenal cannula. Pair‐fed littermate controls were given sodium citrate. Serum Al and urinary Al/creatinine were significantly higher in Alfed rats than in controls. Liver Al was significantly increased in the Al‐fed group, but very low when compared to liver Al concentration with intravenous Al administration. Biliary Al was only 2 ± 1% of urinary Al in the experimental group. Serum bile acid concentration and bile flow were not different between groups. We conclude that Al given in pharmacologic doses is absorbed but does not accumulate in the liver. We hypothesize that a slow rate of Al absorption may not overwhelm plasma transferrin carrying capacity or renal Al excretory capacity.
Symptomatology and Pathogenesis of Migraine
Authors: Spierings Egilius L. H. 
Published: February 2024

Summary:Migraine is a paroxysmal disorder of which headache is the central symptom. The headache is generally so intense that it is associated with other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, photo‐ and phonophobia. In socalled classic migraine or migraine with aura, the headache is preceded by transient focal neurological symptoms, generally referred to as aura symptoms. There is clinical experimental evidence for the involvement of at least three mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the migraine headache. These mechanisms are extracranial arterial vasodilation, extracranial neurogenic inflammation, and decreased inhibition of central pain transmission. The associated symptoms are possibly caused by sympathetic activation at a peripheral (nausea and vomiting) and central level (photo‐ and phonophobia). The aura symptoms are, in the author's opinion, most likely caused by a mechanism similar to spreading excitation and depression. An adaptation of the traditional concept of the pathogenesis of the migraine attack is presented.
The Relationship Between Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome and Abdominal Migraine
Authors: Symon David N. K. , Russell George 
Published: February 2024

Summary:Abdominal migraine and cyclic vomiting are both self‐limiting episodic conditions of children, with periods of complete normality between episodes. The clinical features of both syndromes show considerable similarity, and resemble those found in association with migraine headaches. It is proposed that cyclic vomiting is a condition related to migraine.
Polyethylene Glycol for Constipation in Children Younger Than Eighteen Months Old
Authors: Michail Sonia , Gendy Elizabeth , Preud'Homme Daniel , Mezoff Adam 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a safe and effective treatment for constipation in children older than 18 months. Data on its safety and efficacy in infants are lacking. The goal of this study was to determine safety, efficacy, and optimal dose of polyethylene glycol powder for treatment of constipation in patients younger than 18 months.Methods:The authors reviewed the charts of patients younger than 18 months treated with PEG 3350 for constipation. The initial dose, effective maintenance dose, response to therapy, duration of therapy, and side effects were recorded.Results:Twenty‐eight patients younger than 18 months of age treated with PEG were identified (3, age 0–5 months; 9, age 6–11 months; 16, age 12–17 months). Mean duration of therapy was 6.2 ± 5 months (range, 3 weeks–21 months). Mean initial dose was 0.88 g/kg/day (range, 0.26–2.14 g/kg/day). Mean effective maintenance dose was 0.78 g/kg/day (range, 0.26–1.26 g/kg/day). PEG relieved constipation in 97.6% of patients. One infant experienced increased gas per rectum and four others experienced transient diarrhea that resolved after adjusting the dose.Conclusion:Oral powdered polyethylene glycol at a maintenance dose of 0.78 g/kg/day is safe and effective for patients younger than 18 months. Dose and safety profiles are similar for those reported in older children.
Thirty Years of the ESPGAN/ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition
Authors: Rey Jean , Aggett Peter , Koletzko Berthold 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTThe creation of the Committee on Nutrition of ESPGAN (later ESPGHAN) in 1974 was stimulated by the need to define generally acceptable standards for infant feeding and for dietetic products for infants. Since the late 1970s the Committee has published a series of widely respected authoritative comments that have provided guidance for pediatricians, regulatory bodies and manufacturers of food products in Europe and other parts of the world. The Committee and its members have also contributed to the development of standards by the Codex Alimentarius Committee of the World Health Organization and of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and of standards in the European Union. Among the further aims of the Committee aims is the stimulation and support of young researchers entering the field of nutrition and metabolism, as well as the lobbying for public and private funding that supports pediatric nutrition research. The strong tradition of 30 successful years with the achievements made, and the appreciation of the vision and determination of the pioneers who had built the Committee, provide a major stimulus to strive for continued excellence in achieving the Committee's mission.
Matrilysins‐1 and ‐2 (MMP‐7 and ‐26) and Metalloelastase (MMP‐12), Unlike MMP‐19, are Up‐Regulated in Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Bister Ville , Salmela Mikko T. , Heikkilä Päivi , Anttila Annaleena , Rintala Risto , Isaka Keichi , Andersson Sture , Saarialho‐Kere Ulpu 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjectives:Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal disease of premature infants characterized histologically by extensive tissue injury and inflammation. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are involved in tissue remodeling and cell migration, both being important aspects of inflammatory disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether MMPs play a role in the pathogenesis of NEC.Methods:Expression of MMP‐1, ‐7, ‐9, ‐10, ‐12, ‐19 and ‐26 was studied using in situ hybridization/immunohistochemistry in samples intestinal tissue removed from 15 patients with NEC; in 7 of them control samples were obtained at closure of stomas. Six intestinal samples from patients with intestinal atresia and four samples of necrosis were also included in the material examined. Laminin‐5 was immunostained to find migrating enterocytes and cytokeratin to delineate mucosal epithelium.Results:MMP‐7 protein was upregulated in the epithelium of 12/18 NEC samples. MMP‐26 was induced in stromal cells of 12/17 NEC specimens. Stromal expression was found for MMP‐1 and ‐12 mRNAs in 7/18 samples. MMP‐1 was also detected in the epithelium of regenerating areas. Both NEC and stoma samples expressed MMP‐9 in inflammatory cells. Epithelial MMP‐19 was downregulated in NEC.Conclusions:Our results suggest that several MMPs may be major factors in tissue destruction and remodeling in NEC. Targeted inhibition of matrilysins, using synthetic MMP inhibitors or blockers of their signal transduction pathways, may represent a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of intestinal inflammation associated with NEC.
Pediatric NAFLD
Authors: Putignani Lorenza , Alisi Anna , Nobili Valerio 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTPurpose of review:Clinical evidence of the use of probiotics in pediatric NAFLD, framed within gut microbiota response, is herein discussed.Recent findings:The assistance of a new microbiological approach in probiotics’ design is playing a central role in NAFLD clinical management. Experimental studies demonstrated the effect of gut microbiota manipulation in NAFLD and recent clinical evidence reported their beneficial effect in pediatric patients.Summary:Epidemiology suggests that NAFLD is the most frequent pediatric chronic liver disease evolving from simple steatosis to a more severe form that may progress toward fibrosis. The goal of pharmacological treatment of NAFLD‐related fibrosis is to stop and eventually to reverse liver damage, but no drug tested so far seem to be able to reach this endpoint. A few encouraging clinical studies demonstrated an improvement of hepato‐metabolic milieu under probiotic treatment suggesting that they could exert an anti‐fibrotic activity.Currently, new insights onto probiotics can be deduced by ad hoc generated NAFLD gut microbiota profiles. These functional maps may unveil gut ecosystem dynamics under probiotics’ treatment, selecting the most appropriate for NAFLD gut microbiota amelioration.
Indications and Recommendations by Societies and Institutions for the Use of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Paediatric Functional Intestinal Disorders
Authors: Francavilla Ruggiero , Cristofori Fernanda , Indrio Flavia 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTPurpose of review:To report the indications and/or recommendations by Societies and Institutions for the use of probiotics and prebiotics in functional intestinal disorders in childhood.Recent findings:A position by Societies and Institutions is available only for infant colic, irritable bowel syndrome and constipation. Supplementation with the probiotic L reuteri DSM 17938 in breastfed term infants with colic appears to be effective in reducing crying, while still debated is its role in the prevention of colic. Irritable bowel syndrome is a common disorder in children and at present no specific treatments are available; existing data show that although high‐quality studies are still needed, some evidence support the efficacy of LGG and VSL#3 in paediatric IBS. At present there is no evidence for the use of pre‐ or probiotics in childhood constipation.Summary:Probiotics in a near future may have a definite role is some FGIDs of infants and children. The main limitations for the recommendation by Societies and Institutions are the methodological issues that limit the quality of the evidence and the heterogeneity of treatments (probiotic strain and dose, mode, dose and duration of supplementation, primary outcomes, etc). Some specific strains are promising for infant colic (L. reuteri DSM 17938) and irritable bowel syndrome (LGG) while at present there is no indication for their use in the treatment of childhood constipation.
Experimental and computational studies on isolation of cardanol from cashew nut shell liquid using diethanolamine‐based deep eutectic solvent at different molar ratios
Authors: Malaiyarasan Vichitra , Devakumar Vethakkan J Deeva , Ramalingam Anantharaj , Vijayan Nithya Varshith 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmine‐based deep eutectic mixtures composed of choline chloride and a DEA‐based hydrogen‐bond donor (HBD) can be used in various molar ratios such as 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6 and 1:7 for isolation of cardanol from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL).RESULTSIn this study, green techniques were created to extract cardanol from CNSL by utilizing a deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on diethanolamine with various molar ratios [hydrogen‐bond acceptor (HBA): HBD] of 1:2, 1:3,1:4,1:5, 1:6 and 1:7. To enhance cardanol's solubility in DES, promote phase separation, and increase cardanol yield, ethyl acetate (EA) and isobutyl methyl ketone (IBMK) could be utilized as co‐solvents. At temperatures ranging from 293 to 343.15 K and 1 atm, the density of various molar ratios of DES was determined. Additionally, the prepared DES pH behaviour as well as the relationship between pH and temperature were investigated. All investigated DES temperature increases caused a decrease in pH value. By using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), similar molar ratios of amine‐based DESs were studied for their thermal stability in terms of decomposition temperature, mass loss and melting temperature. The melting temperature and thermal stability were both increased when the HBD increased. The thermal stability of DES, which mostly depends on intermolecular interactions, is greatly influenced by HBD. Finally, at T = 298.15 K and 1 atm, cardanol was extracted from 50 mL CNSL using different volumes of various molar ratios of DES (100 mL, 75 mL, 50 mL and 25 mL) together with 25 mL IBMK and 25 mL EA. The extracted cardanol was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.CONCLUSIONIt was observed that the yields of cardanol from each prepared molar ratios ratio of 100 mL DES were 96.57%, 95.38% and 92.87%, respectively. In this study, the sigma potential and sigma profile of chosen HBA and HBD were determined using conductor‐like screening model for real solvents (COSMO‐RS), and the interactions between the molecules during the extraction process were analyzed. The findings demonstrated the viability of using the chosen DESs for the polyphenol extraction process. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Identification of specific markers for human pluripotent stem cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles
Authors: Chen Zhengsheng , Luo Lei , Ye Teng , Zhou Jiacheng , Niu Xin , Yuan Ji , Yuan Ting , Fu Dehao , Li Haiyan , Li Qing , Wang Yang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPluripotent stem cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles (PSC‐sEVs) have demonstrated great clinical translational potential in multiple aging‐related degenerative diseases. Characterizing the PSC‐sEVs is crucial for their clinical applications. However, the specific marker pattern of PSC‐sEVs remains unknown. Here, the sEVs derived from two typical types of PSCs including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC‐sEVs) and embryonic stem cells (ESC‐sEVs) were analysed using proteomic analysis by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS), and surface marker phenotyping analysis by nanoparticle flow cytometry (NanoFCM). A group of pluripotency‐related proteins were found to be enriched in PSC‐sEVs by LC‐MS/MS and then validated by Western Blot analysis. To investigate whether these proteins were specifically expressed in PSC‐sEVs, sEVs derived from seven types of non‐PSCs (non‐PSC‐sEVs) were adopted for analysis. The results showed that PODXL, OCT4, Dnmt3a, and LIN28A were specifically enriched in PSC‐sEVs but not in non‐PSC‐sEVs. Then, commonly used surface antigens for PSC identification (SSEA4, Tra‐1‐60 and Tra‐1‐81) and PODXL were gauged at single‐particle resolution by NanoFCM for surface marker identification. The results showed that the positive rates of PODXL (>50%) and SSEA4 (>70%) in PSC‐sEVs were much higher than those in non‐PSC‐sEVs (<10%). These results were further verified with samples purified by density gradient ultracentrifugation. Taken together, this study for the first time identified a cohort of specific markers for PSC‐sEVs, among which PODXL, OCT4, Dnmt3a and LIN28A can be detected with Western Blot analysis, and PODXL and SSEA4 can be detected with NanoFCM analysis. The application of these specific markers for PSC‐sEVs identification may advance the clinical translation of PSCs‐sEVs.
Application of microbial agents in organic solid waste composting: a review
Authors: Duan Zhongxu , Wang Quanying , Wang Tianye , Kong Xiangfen , Zhu Guopeng , Qiu Guankai , Yu Hongwen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe rapid growth of organic solid waste has recently exacerbated environmental pollution problems, and its improper treatment has led to the loss of a large number of biomass resources. Here, we expound the advantages of microbial agents composting compared with conventional organic solid waste treatment technology, and review the important role of microbial agents composting in organic solid waste composting from the aspects of screening and identification, optimization of conditions, mechanism of action, combination with other technologies and ultra‐high‐temperature and ultra‐low‐temperature microbial composting. We discuss the value of microorganisms with different growth conditions in organic solid waste composting, and put forward a seasonal multi‐temperature composite microbial composting technology. Provide new ideas for the all‐round treatment of microbial agents in organic solid waste in the future. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Differential effects of four laboratory animal control diets on gut microbiota in mice
Authors: Guo Jingya , Zhao Yuhan , Kang Seong‐Gook , Huang Kunlun , Tong Tao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe gut microbiota is intricate and susceptible to multiple factors, with diet being a major contributor. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of four commonly used laboratory animal control diets, namely Keao Xieli's maintenance diet (KX), HFK's 1025 (HF), Research Diets' D12450B (RD), and Lab Diet's 5CC4 (LD), on the gut microbiota of mice.RESULTSA total of 40 mice were randomly assigned to four groups, and each group was fed one of the four diets for a duration of 8 weeks. The assessment of gut microbiota was conducted using 16S rRNA sequencing both at the beginning of the study (week 0) and the end (week 8), which served as the baseline and endpoint samples, respectively. Following the 8‐week feeding period, no significant differences were observed in physiological parameters, including body weight, visceral weight, and blood biochemical indices, across the four groups. Nonetheless, relative to the baseline, discernible alterations in the gut microbiota were observed in all groups, encompassing shifts in beta‐diversity, hierarchical clustering, and key genera. Among the four diets, HF diet exhibited a significant influence on alpha‐diversity, RD diet brought about notable changes in microbial composition at the phylum level, and LD diet demonstrated an interconnected co‐occurrence network. Mantel analysis indicated no significant correlation between physiological parameters and gut microbiota in the four groups.CONCLUSIONOverall, our study demonstrated that the four control diets had a minimal impact on physiological parameters, while exerting a distinct influence on the gut microbiota after 8 weeks. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.