bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the severity of rosacea: a review
Authors: Gessert Charles E. , Bamford Joel T. M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground  Assessment of severity is essential in the clinical care of rosacea patients and in the research on rosacea.Objective  To determine the range of methods used to assess rosacea severity in clinical trials.Methods  The medical literature from 1965 through 2001 was searched for rosacea clinical trials using MEDLINE and published citations. Forty‐seven articles were reviewed.Results  The most frequently assessed signs of rosacea were papules/pustules (43 studies), erythema (35), and telangiectasia (24). Other signs and symptoms of rosacea and adverse reactions to therapies were assessed in 27 studies. Counts of papules/pustules were conducted in 34 studies. Four‐point scales were the most frequently used assessment tools for erythema (17) and telangiectasia (11). Other frequently used techniques included global assessment by clinicians (29) and by patients (21), and photography (13).Conclusions  At present, there are no standard validated tools for assessing the severity of rosacea or its signs or symptoms.
Lasers for facial rejuvenation: a review
Authors: Papadavid Evangelia , Katsambas Andreas 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground Different types of laser are used for resurfacing and collagen remodeling in cutaneous laser surgery.Methods A systematic review was performed of the different types of laser currently employed for skin rejuvenation. These systems are either ablative [high‐energy pulsed or scanned carbon dioxide (CO2) laser emitting at a wavelength of 10,600 nm, single‐ or variable‐pulse or dual ablative/coagulative mode erbium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser emitting at a wavelength of 2940 nm, or systems combining both 10,600 nm and 2940 nm wavelengths] or nonablative [Q‐switched neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser emitting at a wavelength of 1064 nm, Nd:YAG laser emitting at a wavelength of 1320 nm, or diode laser emitting at a wavelength of 1450 nm]. Different protocols, patient selection, treatment techniques, and complications are discussed for each system.Results New‐generation CO2 resurfacing lasers have been successful in the treatment of photodamaged skin and scarring, with a postoperative morbidity dependent on the depth of thermal damage. Because of its minimal penetration, the pulsed Er:YAG laser, usually used in the treatment of more superficial rhytides, produces less postoperative morbidity. Novel ablative systems have been developed and a further understanding of laser–tissue interaction has led to the design of nonablative systems for the treatment of rhytides, scarring, and photodamaged skin, the efficacy and profile of which remain to be evaluated in the long term.Conclusions There are several effective techniques for scar revision and the treatment of aged skin, but all have their drawbacks due to a lack of precise depth control and unwanted damage to the lower layers of the dermis. The Er:YAG laser is the treatment of choice for fine lines and superficial scars, whereas the CO2 laser is better for deeper rhytides and scars. In the future, a combination of lasers may be used for facial rejuvenation.
Sweet's syndrome with neurologic manifestation: case report and literature review
Authors: Nobeyama Yoshimasa , Kamide Ryoichi 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground Sweet's syndrome with involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is rarely reported.Methods We describe a Japanese woman with Sweet's syndrome associated with acute‐onset encephalitis and review literatures.Results Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed pleocytosis with lymphocytes predominant. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed increased signal intensity on T2‐weighted scans in the left temporal lobe.To our knowledge, 22 cases of Sweet's syndrome associated with CNS involvement have been reported. The mean age is 47.6 years (n = 22). Sex distribution (male : female) is 12 : 10 (n = 22). The most common neurologic symptoms are convulsions, headaches, and disturbance of consciousness. CSF cell count is increased with lymphocytes predominant in 8 cases (n = 12). Certain (HLA) types (B54 and Cw1) may be characteristic findings in Sweet's syndrome accompanied with the CNS involvement in Japanese patients, as these were found in four previous cases similar to the present case.Conclusions Although Sweet's syndrome with neurologic manifestations is rarely reported, it may be needed to investigate neurologic manifestations.
Lung carcinoma with congenital plantar keratoderma as a variant of Clarke‐Howel‐Evans syndrome
Authors: Grundmann Jens‐Uwe , Weisshaar Elke , Franke Ingolf , Bonnekoh Bernd , Gollnick Harald 
Published: June 2003

A 32‐year‐old man was admitted to the Magdeburg University Hospital with icterus and for further diagnosis of suspected hepatitis. He also complained of generalized pruritus, abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea. The patient's history revealed the excision of a lymph node metastasis of the left groin showing pleomorphic macrocellular infiltrates, 2 months previously. The patient presented to our department with prominent hyperkeratosis of both feet, which had been present since early youth. The family history was negative. Both soles showed very thick, white and blackish hyperkeratosis with predominance of the heels and the forefeet (Fig. 1). The naturally occurring wrinkles of the skin of the toes were flattened. The palms were not affected, and neither was the oral mucosa. Further investigations revealed icterus of the sclera and multiple, firm tumors, which were located in the deep subcutaneous tissue, on the left hip, thigh, and buttock. From thorough clinical, laboratory and staging investigations, a non‐small‐cell bronchogenic carcinoma, with metastases of the liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, and several skin sites, was diagnosed.Plantar surface of the feet showing very thick, white and blackish hyperkeratosis with predominance of the heels and the forefeetimageA skin biopsy specimen of the foot showed substantial acanthosis of the epidermis with hypergranulosis and excessive orthohyperkeratosis. The corneocytes were enlarged and arranged in a tile‐like pattern (Fig. 2). The dermis was free of inflammatory infiltrates and human papillomavirus infection was ruled out by immunohistochemistry.Dermatohistopathology revealing massive acanthosis of the epidermis with hypergranulosis, substantial orthohyperkeratosis, and a tile‐like pattern of the stratum corneum (hematoxylin and eosin, × 200)imagePolychemotherapy was immediately started with 5‐fluorouracil, mitomycin, and cisplatin, which was well tolerated. When the patient was admitted for the second cycle, however, his general health had worsened markedly. He complained of abdominal pain, severe weight loss, and nausea. Generalized metastases showed substantial progression. Chemotherapy could not be continued because of a Karnowsky index below 20%. The patient died 2 weeks later.
Molecular Analysis of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus Isolates from Hangzhou, China
Authors: Zhao M.‐F. , Chen J. , Zheng H.‐Y. , Adams M. J. , Chen J.‐P. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIsolates of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus were obtained from different cucurbit crops in Hangzhou city, China. The complete nucleotide sequences of four isolates and the 3′‐terminal sequences, including the coat protein coding region, of four others were determined and then compared with other available sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein nucleotide sequences showed that these isolates fell into three significant groups, one of which (designated group III) consisted exclusively of Chinese isolates and is reported for the first time. Comparisons over the completely sequenced genomes showed that, typically for potyviruses, the 5′‐end of the genome was usually the most variable but that the group III isolate differed from the others most significantly in the N‐terminal part of the coat protein. Partially sequenced group III isolates also varied from other isolates in this region. Group III isolates appear to differ biologically from the other isolates because they do not cause symptoms in watermelon fruit but induce more severe symptoms on the watermelon leaves.
Genetic Recombination in Colletotrichum sublineolum
Authors: Souza‐Paccola E. A. , Fávaro L. C. L. , Casela C. R. , Paccola‐Meirelles L. D. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractGenetic recombination without typical parasexuality (parameiosis) was shown in the fungus Colletotrichum sublineolum, causal agent of anthracnose on sorghum. The cross among auxotrophic mutants and mutants resistant to benomyl and cycloheximide confirmed the occurrence of heterokaryosis in this species. Aneuploid and haploid recombinants were obtained from heterokaryons. Some segregants released sectors continually after several replication cycles, and were considered aneuploids in the process of haploidization. Heterokaryons derived from crosses among mutants that presented low pathogenicity produced more virulent recombinants. Parasexuality with parameiosis may represent a natural mechanism for genetic variability amplification explaining the rapid appearance of new C. sublineolum physiological races.
The Influence of Phytophthora citricola on Rhizosphere Soil Solution Chemistry and the Nutritional Status of European Beech Seedlings
Authors: Wang Z. Y. , Göttlein A. , Rodenkirchen H. , Fleischmann F. , Oßwald W. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn a rhizotron experiment the influence of Phytophthora citricola on root development, rhizosphere chemistry and nutritional status of beech seedlings was studied. After infection, the fine root system was seriously damaged and 6 weeks after inoculation some seedlings died. Plants infected with Phytophthora citricola had less steep concentration gradients of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and NO in the rhizosphere soil solution as compared with uninfected seedlings, which indicates reduced activity in nutrient uptake. It is concluded that plants try to compensate their deficit in fine root biomass and nutrient acquisition by retranslocation of nutrients.
Assessment of Swiss Needle Cast Disease: Temporal and Spatial Investigations of Fungal Colonization and Symptom Severity
Authors: Manter D. K. , Winton L. M. , Filip G. M. , Stone J. K. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIncreasing severity of Swiss needle cast (SNC), a foliar disease of Douglas‐fir caused by the fungus Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii, has become a matter of concern in forest plantations throughout coastal Oregon and Washington. This study monitored SNC disease in three Oregon Douglas‐fir plantations bi‐annually in 1998–1999, and compared differences in fungal colonization and symptom development in trees from north‐ and south‐facing plots at each plantation. Fungal colonization as quantified by ergosterol content, pseudothecia density and quantitative PCR was significantly correlated with symptom severity (needle retention and needle cholorosis). All three measures of fungal colonization were highly correlated with each other; and only the ergosterol–pseudothecia relationship differed between plots, presumably due to the non‐species specific nature of ergosterol measurements. Differences in symptom severity and fungal colonization between north‐ and south‐aspect plots were consistent with climate differences. At low to moderate levels of infection, trees growing on warmer (i.e. south slopes in the western, and north slopes in the eastern Coast Range) slopes had higher levels of colonization, particularly during the winter months. Plots with southern exposures, which received greater amounts of solar radiation, had greater amounts of needle abscission compared to north‐aspect plots with similar amounts of fungal colonization. As a result, greater fungal abundance and symptom expression developed on south‐aspect slopes within the Oregon Coast Range.
Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum Isolates from Common Bean and Sugar Beet Using Pathogenicity Assays and Random‐amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers
Authors: Cramer R. A. , Byrne P. F. , Brick M. A. , Panella L. , Wickliffe E. , Schwartz H. F. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractFusarium wilt is an economically important fungal disease of common bean and sugar beet in the Central High Plains (CHP) region of the USA, with yield losses approaching 30% under appropriate environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to characterize genetic diversity and pathogenicity of isolates of Fusarium oxysporum obtained from common bean and sugar beet plants in the CHP that exhibited Fusarium wilt symptoms. A total of 166 isolates of F. oxysporum isolated from diseased common bean plants were screened for pathogenicity on the universal susceptible common bean cultivar ‘UI 114’. Only four of 166 isolates were pathogenic and were designated F. oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli (Fop). A set of 34 isolates, including pathogenic Fop, F. oxysporum f.sp. betae (Fob) isolates pathogenic on sugar beet, and non‐pathogenic (Fo) isolates, were selected for random‐amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. A total of 12 RAPD primers, which generated 105 polymorphic bands, were used to construct an unweighted paired group method with arithmetic averages dendrogram based on Jaccard's coefficient of similarity. All CHP Fop isolates had identical RAPD banding patterns, suggesting low genetic diversity for Fop in this region. CHP Fob isolates showed a greater degree of diversity, but in general clustered together in a grouping distinct from Fop isolates. As RAPD markers revealed such a high level of genetic diversity across all isolates examined, we conclude that RAPD markers had only limited usefulness in correlating pathogenicity among the isolates and races in this study.
DIFFERENCES IN ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE SERVICES AMONG ADULTS IN RURAL AMERICA BY RURAL CLASSIFICATION CATEGORIES AND AGE
Authors: Zhang Ping , Tao Guoyu , Anderson Lynda A. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT:Objective: To study differences in excess to health care services between different population groups in rural areas of the United States.Design: Using data from the 1994 National Health Interview Survey and the 1991 Area Resource File, we examined the differences in excess with seven measures: having a regular source of care, having a usual place of care, having health insurance coverage, delaying medical care because of cost for all rural residents; number of doctor visits, number of hospital discharges and length of hospital stay per discharge for those who reported their health as being either poor or fair. Rural residents were classified by ages and grouped into four rural classification categories that were characterised along two dimensions: adjacent to a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) (yes/no) and inclusion of a city of at least 10 000 people (yes/no).Setting: Rural areasSubjects: Rural populations.Results: Residents aged 18–24 years had the worst access to services and the residents aged 65 years and over had the best access to services when measured by regular source of care, a usual place of care and health insurance status. Compared to those aged 50–64 years, residents aged 25–49 years were less likely to report having health insurance and more likely to report delaying seeking medical care because of costs. Rural residents who lived in a county adjacent to an MSA generally were less limited in access than those who lived in a county not adjacent to an MSA. Conclusions: Rural America is not a homogeneous entity in many aspects of the access to health care services.
PATTERNS OF INJURY IN INDIGENOUS AUSTRALIANS ADMITTED TO CAIRNS BASE HOSPITAL
Authors: Macintosh David J. , Pearson J. Belinda 
Published: June 2003

Aim:  To study and compare the type and frequency of injury to indigenous and non‐indigenous patients admitted to the Orthopaedic Unit at Cairns Base Hospital.Method and analysis:  Relevant statistics for all patients were entered or calculated: demographics, length of stay, comorbidity and complications were available. After Variance Analysis, age‐standardised rates of trauma were tested using confidence intervals.Results:  Of 2254 admissions for trauma in 32 months, 23% were indigenous (12% of the catchment population). Upper limb injuries were significantly higher for all indigenes, these males being admitted three times as frequently as non‐indigenous males. Specific lesions showed greater differences and punch injuries were prominent in both indigenous sexes. Indigenous women were much more likely to be the victims of assault or fights than other groups.Conclusions:  Personal injury costs are high in the indigenous community, in human and material terms. More resources should be directed towards injury prevention.
ABNORMAL PAP TEST RESULTS AND THE RURALITY FACTOR
Authors: Dietsch Elaine , Gibb Heather , Francis Karen 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACTObjective:  To review the published socio‐cultural determinants that put women in rural areas at greater risk of having an abnormal Pap test result.Design:  Literature review.Conclusion:  An Australian woman is at increased risk of developing cervical dysplasia if she lives in a rural area, identifies as an Indigenous Australian or is from a non‐English speaking country. Being aged over 50 years, increases the risk of cervical cancer but not cervical intra‐epithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, which peaks in the 20–24 year age group. Other connections with cervical dysplasia relate to a woman or her partner's sexual history, her nutritional status and possibly even her personality type. Smoking, social isolation, high negative life change events and having lived a ‘troubled’ life are all identified in the literature as increasing a woman's risk of having an abnormal Pap test result. Receiving an abnormal Pap test result often leads to feelings of fear, anxiety, guilt, shock, vulnerability, powerlessness, depression, shame and feeling dirty for the woman concerned. Compounding these negative feelings are social, practical and financial difficulties that have to be addressed. It is argued that social and medical models of health must complement each other to improve the well being of rural women experiencing an abnormal Pap result.What is already known:  Innumerable studies have verified that cervical screening significantly reduces the incidence of cervical cancer and the Pap test is promoted as a tool to prevent cervical cancer. However, preventative strategies used in addition to cervical screening have rarely been considered in the literature.What this study adds:  This review concludes that optimum health outcomes for rural women are realised when socio‐cultural considerations are articulated with cervical screening programs. It suggests possible strategies for practitioners to use to use to help reduce the incidence and impact of cervical pathology for rural women.
SELF‐REPORTED PATTERNS OF HEALTH SERVICES UTILISATION: AN URBAN–RURAL COMPARISON IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA
Authors: Dempsey Paula , Wilson David , Taylor Anne , Wilkinson David 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACTObjective: To compare self‐reported patterns of health service utilisation among residents of urban and rural South Australia.Design, setting and main outcome measures: Secondary analysis of data generated by computer‐assisted telephone interviews of 7377 adults done in 1995–6. Respondents were asked if they had used each of 18 different health services during the previous 12 months. Residence was classified in three ways: (1) capital city versus rest of the state, (2) by the Rural, Remote and Metropolitan Areas classification (RRMA) and (3) by the Accessibility and Remoteness Index for Australia classification (ARIA).Results: General practitioner services were most frequently used, by approximately 89% of respondents. Only 4% reported not using any service. Comparing capital city with rest of the state, modest but statistically significant differences in utilisation (P < 0.01) were measured for nine services. In eight of these nine, utilisation was higher among rural residents. Analysing by RRMA, eight services were reportedly used differently and seven of these were the same as those identified from the capital city versus rest of state comparison. Across the five ARIA categories, six previously identified services were reported as being used differentially. Overall, rural residents had a higher than expected rate of moderate and high level of health service use.Conclusions: Self‐reported use of a range of health services was broadly similar across urban and rural South Australia, with most cases of higher use were reported from rural areas rather than urban areas. Similar results were obtained when residence was classified in the three different ways.What is already known on this subject: It is widely reported that the health status of and access to health services for rural Australians is worse than their urban counterparts. However, while this is clearly the case for some conditions and some groups, further data is needed to understand rural–urban health differentials better.Few explicit comparisons of different methods of classifying rurality (RRMA, ARIA and capital city vs. the rest) have been published.What does this study add: This study demonstrates that the self‐reported utilisation of a wide range of health services in South Australia is no worse, and is often greater, among rural residents compared to those in Adelaide.The same conclusions are reached irrespective of the method of classifying rurality.
Sedimentary microbial community dynamics in a regulated stream: East Fork of the Little Miami River, Ohio
Authors: Sutton Susan D. , Findlay Robert H. 
Published: June 2003

SummaryA field study was conducted in the Lower East Fork of the Little Miami River, a regulated stream in Clermont county, Ohio, to determine how changes in streamflow, water temperature and photo‐period affect sediment microbial community structure. Surface sediment cores were collected from sampling stations spanning 60 river kilometers three to four times per year between October 1996 and October 1999. During the final year of the field study, water temperature, water depth, conductivity, total suspended solids, dissolved organic carbon, instantaneous streamflow velocity, sediment grain size and sediment organic matter were determined. Total microbial biomass was measured using the phospholipid phosphate technique (PLP) and ranged between 2 and 134 nmol PLP • g−1 dry weight sediment with a mean of 25 nmol PLP • g−1. Microbial community structure was determined using the phospholipid fatty acid analysis and indicated seasonal shifts in sedimentary microbial community composition. January to June sedimentary microbial biomass was predominately prokaryotic (60% ± 2), whereas microeukaryotes dominated samples collected during the late summer (55% ± 2.4) and fall (60% ± 2). These changes were correlated with stream discharge and water temperature. Microbial community structure varied spatially about a reservoir with prokaryotic biomass dominant at upstream stations and eukaryotic biomass dominant at downstream stations. These findings reveal that sedimentary microbial communities in streams are dynamic responding to the seasonal variation of environmental factors.