bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in psychological treatment outcomes by ethnicity and gender: an analysis of individual patient data
Authors: Arundell Laura-Louise C. , Saunders Rob , Buckman Joshua E. J. , Lewis Glyn , Stott Joshua , Singh Satwant , Jena Renuka , Naqvi Syed Ali , Leibowitz Judy , Pilling Stephen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
There are discrepancies in mental health treatment outcomes between ethnic groups, which may differ between genders. NHS Talking Therapies for anxiety and depression provide evidence-based psychological therapies for common mental disorders. This study examines the intersection between ethnicity and gender as factors associated with psychological treatment outcomes. Aims were to explore by gender: (1) differences in psychological treatment outcomes for minoritized ethnic people compared to White-British people, (2) whether differences are observed when controlling for clinical and socio-demographic factors associated with outcomes, and (3) whether organization-level factors moderate differences in outcomes between ethnic groups.

Methods
Patient data from eight NHS Talking Therapies for anxiety and depression services (n = 98,063) was used to explore associations between ethnicity and outcomes, using logistic regression. Stratified subsamples were used to separately explore factors associated with outcomes for males and females.

Results
In adjusted analyses, Asian (OR = 0.82 [95% CI 0.78; 0.87], p < .001, ‘Other’ (OR = 0.79 [95%CI 0.72–0.87], p < .001) and White-other (0.93 [95%CI 0.89–0.97], p < .001) ethnic groups were less likely to reliably recover than White-British people. Asian (OR = 1.48 [95% CI 1.35–1.62], p < .001), Mixed (OR = 1.18 [95% CI 1.05–1.34], p = .008), ‘Other’ (OR = 1.60 [95% CI 1.38–1.84], p < .001) and White-other (OR = 1.18 [95% CI 1.09–1.28], p < .001) groups were more likely to experience a reliable deterioration in symptoms. Poorer outcomes for these groups were consistent across genders. There was some evidence of interactions between ethnic groups and organization-level factors impacting outcomes, but findings were limited.

Conclusions
Across genders, Asian, ‘Other’ and White-other groups experienced worse treatment outcomes across several measures in adjusted models. Reducing waiting times or offering more treatment sessions might lead to increased engagement and reduced drop-out for some patient groups.
MRI morphological characteristics of lymph nodes in anal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gulevski Stephanie , Frennered Anna , Trägårdh Elin , Nilsson Martin P. , Johnsson Anders , Buchwald Pamela , Blomqvist Lennart , Zackrisson Sophia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Pre-treatment staging of anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) includes pelvic MRI and [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET-CT). MRI criteria to define lymph node metastases (LNMs) in ASCC are currently lacking. The aim of this study was to describe the morphological characteristics of lymph nodes (LNs) on MRI in ASCC patients with PET-CT-positive LNs.

Methods
ASCC patients treated at Skåne University Hospital between 2009 and 2017 were eligible for inclusion if at least one positive LN according to PET-CT and a pre-treatment MRI were present. All PET-CT-positive LNs and PET-CT-negative LNs were retrospectively identified on baseline MRI. Each LN was independently classified according to pre-determined morphological characteristics by two radiologists blinded to clinical patient information.

Results
Sixty-seven ASCC patients were included, with a total of 181 PET-CT-positive LNs identified on baseline MRI with a median short-axis diameter of 9.0 mm (range 7.5–12 mm). MRI morphological characteristics of PET-CT-positive LNs included regular contour (87%), round shape (89%), and homogeneous signal intensity on T2-weighed images (67%). An additional 78 PET-CT-negative LNs were identified on MRI. These 78 LNs had a median size of 6.8 mm (range 5.5–8.0 mm). The majority of PET-CT-negative LNs had a regular contour, round shape, and a homogeneous signal that was congruent to the primary tumor.

Conclusions
There are MRI-specific morphological characteristics for pelvic LNs in ASCC. PET-CT-positive and negative LNs share similar morphological features apart from size, with PET-CT-positive LNs being significantly larger. Further studies are needed to determine discrimination criteria for LNM in ASCC.
Learning modifies attention during bumblebee visual search
Authors: Robert Théo , Tarapata Karolina , Nityananda Vivek 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The role of visual search during bee foraging is relatively understudied compared to the choices made by bees. As bees learn about rewards, we predicted that visual search would be modified to prioritise rewarding flowers. To test this, we ran an experiment testing how bee search differs in the initial and later part of training as they learn about flowers with either higher- or lower-quality rewards. We then ran an experiment to see how this prior training with reward influences their search on a subsequent task with different flowers. We used the time spent inspecting flowers as a measure of attention and found that learning increased attention to rewards and away from unrewarding flowers. Higher quality rewards led to decreased attention to non-flower regions, but lower quality rewards did not. Prior experience of lower rewards also led to more attention to higher rewards compared to unrewarding flowers and non-flower regions. Our results suggest that flowers would elicit differences in bee search behaviour depending on the sugar content of their nectar. They also demonstrate the utility of studying visual search and have important implications for understanding the pollination ecology of flowers with different qualities of reward.

Significance statement
Studies investigating how foraging bees learn about reward typically focus on the choices made by the bees. How bees deploy attention and visual search during foraging is less well studied. We analysed flight videos to characterise visual search as bees learn which flowers are rewarding. We found that learning increases the focus of bees on flower regions. We also found that the quality of the reward a flower offers influences how much bees search in non-flower areas. This means that a flower with lower reward attracts less focussed foraging compared to one with a higher reward. Since flowers do differ in floral reward, this has important implications for how focussed pollinators will be on different flowers. Our approach of looking at search behaviour and attention thus advances our understanding of the cognitive ecology of pollination.
Clinical benefits of MRI-guided freehand biopsy of small focal liver lesions in comparison to CT guidance
Authors: Schmidt Vanessa F. , Öcal Osman , Walther Viktoria , Fabritius Matthias P. , Dietrich Olaf , Kazmierczak Philipp M. , Weiss Lena , Deniz Sinan , Ümütlü Muzzafer R. , Puhr-Westerheide Daniel , Wildgruber Moritz , Ricke Jens , Seidensticker Max 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To compare clinical success, procedure time, and complication rates between MRI-guided and CT-guided real-time biopsies of small focal liver lesions (FLL) < 20 mm.

Methods
A comparison of a prospectively collected MRI-guided cohort (n = 30) to a retrospectively collected CT-guided cohort (n = 147) was performed, in which patients underwent real-time biopsies of small FLL < 20 mm in a freehand technique. In both groups, clinical and periprocedural data, including clinical success, procedure time, and complication rates (classified according to CIRSE guidelines), were analyzed. Wilcoxon rank sum test, Pearson’s chi-squared test, and Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analysis. Additionally, propensity score matching (PSM) was performed using the following criteria for direct matching: age, gender, presence of liver cirrhosis, liver lobe, lesion diameter, and skin-to-target distance.

Results
The median FLL diameter in the MRI-guided cohort was significantly smaller compared to CT guidance (p < 0.001; 11.0 mm vs. 16.3 mm), while the skin-to-target distance was significantly longer (p < 0.001; 90.0 mm vs. 74.0 mm). MRI-guided procedures revealed significantly higher clinical success compared to CT guidance (p = 0.021; 97% vs. 79%) as well as lower complication rates (p = 0.047; 0% vs. 13%). Total procedure time was significantly longer in the MRI-guided cohort (p < 0.001; 38 min vs. 28 min). After PSM (n = 24/n = 38), MRI-guided procedures still revealed significantly higher clinical success compared to CT guidance (p = 0.039; 96% vs. 74%).

Conclusion
Despite the longer procedure time, freehand biopsy of small FLL < 20 mm under MR guidance can be considered superior to CT guidance because of its high clinical success and low complication rates.

Clinical relevance statement
Biopsy of small liver lesions is challenging due to the size and conspicuity of the lesions on native images. MRI offers higher soft tissue contrast, which translates into a higher success of obtaining enough tissue material with MRI compared to CT-guided biopsies.

Key Points
• Image-guided biopsy of small focal liver lesions (FLL) is challenging due to inadequate visualization, leading to sampling errors and false-negative biopsies.
• MRI-guided real-time biopsy of FLL < 20 mm revealed significantly higher clinical success (p = 0.021; 97% vs. 79%) and lower complication rates (p = 0.047; 0% vs. 13%) compared to CT guidance.
• Although the procedure time is longer, MRI-guided biopsy can be considered superior for small FLL < 20 mm.

Graphical Abstract
Drivers of Caribbean precipitation change due to global warming: analyses and emergent constraint of CMIP6 simulations
Authors: Brotons Marta , Haarsma Rein , Bloemendaal Nadia , de Vries Hylke , Allen Teddy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUsing 31 CMIP6 models we have analyzed projected future Caribbean precipitation. The model mean projection results in a 0.5 mm/day (20%) drying under a SSP5-8.5 scenario for the end of this century over the Caribbean basin. The multi-model spread is large ranging from no drying to a 1 mm/day (40%) reduction in mean precipitation. Eastern and central Pacific warming, resembling an El Niño / positive phase of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), appears to be the main driver by shifting and weakening the Walker circulation and inducing subsidence over the Caribbean, especially during the wet season (May–November). This applies for the model mean as well as for the inter-model spread. During the dry season (December–April) the southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the advection of dry air from outside the Caribbean seem to be the dominant drivers of the projected drying. Another mechanism that contributes to the drying is the land-sea contrasts that induce divergence/convergence over the Caribbean. The incapability of CMIP6 models to simulate the current tropical Pacific warming and Walker circulation trends questions the reliability of precipitation projections in the Caribbean. Based on our understanding of the physical processes affecting Caribbean drying and on an emergent constraint analysis we state that the future drying in the Caribbean is likely to be weaker than the one projected by CMIP6 models.
The value of the first postoperative diagnostic I-131 scan in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Ran Bingyu , Shang Jingjie , Chen Yong , Zhou Miaoli , Li Huihu , He Wenjun , Li Yingxin , Cai Qijun , Guo Bin , Gong Jian , Xu Hao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
To explore the feasibility of the postoperative diagnostic 131I whole-body planar scans (Dx-WBS) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients, and to clarify its value for accurate staging, risk stratification, and postoperative radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment management.

Design
Retrospective study from 2015 to 2021.

Setting
A total of 1294 PTC patients in the tertiary referral hospital.

Participants
Patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who underwent total/subtotal thyroidectomy were included. Patients with non-PTC pathological type, non-first RAI treatment, and incomplete data such as Dx-WBS and postablation WBS (Rx-WBS) were excluded.

Methods
The diagnostic efficacy of Dx-WBS was calculated with Rx-WBS as the reference. All patients were initially staged by the 8th edition of TNM staging, and risk stratification was performed based on clinical and pathological information. After Dx-WBS, the risk stratification was re-evaluated, and management was reconfirmed.

Results
The detection rates of Dx-WBS for residual thyroid, cervical lymph nodes, upper mediastinal lymph nodes, lung, and bone distant metastasis were 97.6%, 78.3%, 82.1%, 66.7%, and 61.2%, respectively. The risk stratification of 113 patients (8.7%) changed after Dx-WBS, of which 107 patients changed from low to intermediate risk, 2 from low to high risk, and 4 from medium to high risk. A total of 241 patients (18.6%) adjusted the RAI regimen after Dx-WBS.

Conclusion
This study confirms the diagnostic efficacy of the postoperative Dx-WBS in PTC patients and the value of Dx-WBS in accurately assessing risk stratification, as well as assisting in determining RAI treatment.
Improved 18S rDNA profiling of parasite communities in salmonid tissues using a host blocking primer
Authors: Patchett Amanda L. , Rigby Megan L. , Wynne James W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSensitive screening of eukaryotic communities in aquaculture for research and management is limited by the availability of technologies that can detect invading pathogens in an unbiased manner. Amplicon sequencing of 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) provides a potential pan-diagnostic test to overcome these biases; however, this technique is limited by a swamping effect of host DNA on low abundance parasite DNA. In this study, we have adapted a host 18S rDNA blocking assay to amplify eukaryotic DNA from salmonid tissue for amplicon sequencing. We demonstrate that effective salmonid 18S rDNA blocking enables sensitive detection of parasite genera in salmonid gill swabs. Furthermore, 18S rDNA amplicon sequencing with host blocking identified enriched pathogen communities in gill swabs from Atlantic salmon suffering from severe clinical gill infections compared to those exhibiting no clinical signs of gill infection. Application of host 18S rDNA blocking in salmonid samples led to improved detection of the amoebic parasite Neoparamoeba perurans, a parasite of significant threat to the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry. These results reveal host 18S rDNA blocking as an effective strategy to improve the profiling and detection of parasitic communities in aquaculture species. This assay can be readily adapted to any animal species for improved eukaryotic profiling across agricultural and veterinary industries.
Variable practice is superior to self-directed training for laparoscopic simulator training: a randomized trial
Authors: Vamadevan Anishan , Konge Lars , Bjerrum Flemming 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Mastering laparoscopy is challenging—it requires specific psychomotor skills which are difficult to obtain in the operating room without potentially compromising patient safety. Proficiency-based training programs using virtual reality simulators allow novices to practice and develop their skills in a patient-safe learning environment. Variable practice leads to stronger retention and skills transfer in a non-surgical setting. The objective of this trial was to investigate if variable practice was superior to self-directed training.

Methods
A randomized trial where participants (n = 36) were randomized to proficiency-based laparoscopic simulator training of basic skills using either variable practice or self-directed training, followed by a transfer test with proficiency-based training on a procedural task (a salpingectomy). All participants returned after a period of 3–5 weeks to perform a retention test. Results: The mean time to proficiency for the basic skills tasks were 119 min (SD: 93) for the variable practice group versus 182 min (SD: 46) for the self-directed training group (p = 0.015). The time to reach proficiency during the transfer test was 103 min (SD: 57) versus 183 min (SD: 64) for the variable practice group versus the self-directed training group, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean time to proficiency for the retention test was 51 min (SD: 26) and 109 min (SD: 53) for the variable practice group and self-directed training group, respectively (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Variable practice is superior to self-directed training for proficiency-based laparoscopic training. With variable time to practice proficiency is reduced, there is higher transfer to a procedural task, and retention is improved.
Physical activity and pain in people with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peters Mitchell , Butson Grace , Mizrahi David , Denehy Linda , Lynch Brigid M. , Swain Christopher T. V. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Physical activity can provide analgesic benefit but its effect on cancer-related pain is unclear. This review synthesised and appraised the evidence for the effect of physical activity on pain in people living with or beyond cancer.

Methods
A systematic search of Ovid Medline and Embase was performed to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), randomised cross-over studies (RXTs), and prospective observational studies that examined physical activity and pain outcomes in adults living with or beyond cancer. Meta-analyses were performed to generate effect estimates. Risk of bias was assessed, and the GRADE system was used to assess evidence quality.

Results
One hundred twenty-one studies (n = 13,806), including 102 RCTs, 6 RXTs, and 13 observational studies, met the criteria for inclusion. Meta-analyses of RCTs identified a decrease in pain intensity (n = 3734; standardised mean difference (SMD) − 0.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) − 0.45, − 0.15) and bodily pain (n = 1170; SMD 0.28; 95% CI 0.01, 0.56) but not pain interference (n = 207; SMD − 0.13, 95% CI − 0.42, 0.15) following physical activity interventions. Individual studies also identified a reduction in pain sensitivity but not analgesic use, although meta-analysis was not possible for these outcomes. High heterogeneity between studies, low certainty in some effect estimates, and possible publication bias meant that evidence quality was graded as very low to low.

Conclusion
Physical activity may decrease pain in people living with and beyond cancer; however, high heterogeneity limits the ability to generalise this finding to all people with cancer or to specific types of cancer-related pain.
New Conservation Laws and Energy Cascade for 1d Cubic NLS and the Schrödinger Map
Authors: Banica Valeria , Vega Luis 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe recall some recent results concerning the Initial Value Problem of 1d-cubic non-linear Schrödinger equation (NLS) and other related systems as the Schrödinger Map. For the latter we prove the existence of a cascade of energy. Finally, some new examples of the Talbot effect at the critical level of regularity are given.
Predicting T-Cell Lymphoma in Children From 18F-FDG PET-CT Imaging With Multiple Machine Learning Models
Authors: Yang Taiyu , Liu Danyan , Zhang Zexu , Sa Ri , Guan Feng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the feasibility of utilizing radiomics models derived from 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging to screen for T-cell lymphoma in children with lymphoma. All patients had undergone 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. Lesions were extracted from PET/CT and randomly divided into training and validation sets. Two different types of models were constructed as follows: features that are extracted from standardized uptake values (SUV)-associated parameters, and CT images were used to build SUV/CT-based model. Features that are derived from PET and CT images were used to build PET/CT-based model. Logistic regression (LR), linear support vector machine, support vector machine with the radial basis function kernel, neural networks, and adaptive boosting were performed as classifiers in each model. In the training sets, 77 patients, and 247 lesions were selected for building the models. In the validation sets, PET/CT-based model demonstrated better performance than that of SUV/CT-based model in the prediction of T-cell lymphoma. LR showed highest accuracy with 0.779 [0.697, 0.860], area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) with 0.863 [0.762, 0.963], and preferable goodness-of-fit in PET/CT-based model at the patient level. LR also showed best performance with accuracy of 0.838 [0.741, 0.936], AUC of 0.907 [0.839, 0.976], and preferable goodness-of-fit in PET/CT-based model at the lesion level. 18F-FDG PET/CT-based radiomics models with different machine learning classifiers were able to screen T-cell lymphoma in children with high accuracy, AUC, and preferable goodness-of-fit, providing incremental value compared with SUV-associated features.
From goat-fall to modern epilepsy surgery—the development of epilepsy care in Norway
Authors: Nakken Karl O. , Tuft Mia , Henning Oliver 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThroughout history, epilepsy has been considered a mysterious and unexplained illness. People with tonic–clonic seizures were believed to be possessed by evil spirits, and in Norway, as in many other countries, these people were stigmatized, discriminated against, and often excluded from society. Only in the second part of the 19th century did a shift take place from a magical to a scientific view of the disease. Nevertheless, until the middle of the 20th century epilepsy was confused with psychiatric illness in Norway. Although people with epilepsy today are not stigmatized to the same degree as before, we still have some way to go.
A stakeholder-guided marine heatwave hazard index for fisheries and aquaculture
Authors: Kajtar Jules B. , Holbrook Neil J. , Lyth Anna , Hobday Alistair J. , Mundy Craig N. , Ugalde Sarah C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMarine heatwaves pose an increasing threat to fisheries and aquaculture around the world under climate change. However, the threat has not been estimated for the coming decades in a form that meets the needs of these industries. Tasmanian fisheries and aquaculture in southeast Australia have been severely impacted by marine heatwaves in recent years, especially the oyster, abalone, and salmon industries. In a series of semi-structured interviews with key Tasmanian fishery and aquaculture stakeholders, information was gathered about the following: (i) the impacts they have experienced to date from marine heatwaves, (ii) their planning for future marine heatwaves, and (iii) the information that would be most useful to aid planning. Using CMIP6 historical and future simulations of sea surface temperatures around Tasmania, we developed a marine heatwave hazard index guided by these stakeholder conversations. The region experienced a severe marine heatwave during the austral summer of 2015/16, which has been used here as a reference point to define the index. Our marine heatwave hazard index shows that conditions like those experienced in 2015/16 are projected to occur approximately 1-in-5 years by the 2050s under a low emissions scenario (SSP1-2.6) or 1-in-2 years under a high emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Increased frequency of marine heatwaves will likely reduce productivity by both direct (mortality) and in-direct (ecosystem change, greater incidence of disease) impacts on target species. The illustrative hazard index is one step towards a marine heatwave risk index, which would also need to consider aspects of exposure and vulnerability to be of greater utility to stakeholders.