bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality traits and pathology in older and younger incarcerated women
Authors: Hurt Susan , Oltmanns Thomas F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPersonality disorders were examined in 157 incarcerated women, using the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP; Clark, 1996) to assess 10 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised (DSM‐III‐R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) diagnostic categories and dimensions and 15 domains of trait/temperament relevant to disordered personality. Similar to both community samples and incarcerated men, older women had lower rates of personality disorders than younger women, and the difference was mostly accounted for by differences in the Cluster B disorders. In an exploratory analysis of trait and temperament scales, the older women also scored lower in Aggression, Disinhibition, Entitlement, Exhibitionism, Impulsivity, and Manipulativeness while younger women scored lower in Workaholism and Propriety. These findings suggest that remission of antisocial behavior in women may be associated with changes in lower order personality traits or temperament. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 457–464, 2002
MET receptor is overexpressed but not mutated in oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Morello S. , Olivero M. , Aimetti M. , Bernardi M. , Berrone S. , Di Renzo M.F. , Giordano S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a neoplasm characterized by a high degree of local invasion and an elevated rate of metastasis to cervical lymph nodes. It has been shown that the Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor Receptor Met is constitutively activated in many human tumors of epithelial origin and that it plays a critical role to confer invasive properties to neoplastic cells. Most frequently, Met activation is due to receptor overexpression, but also point mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain can lead to deregulated activation. Here we show that in all the primary tumors examined this receptor is overexpressed. Direct sequencing of Met mRNAs failed to find any activating mutation in its intracellular domain. Moreover, in cell lines derived from squamous cell carcinomas, HGF‐induced activation of Met resulted in the acquisition of invasive properties. All together these data suggest that the MET oncogene is involved in progression of squamous cell carcinoma toward an invasive‐metastatic behavior. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulation of the heteromeric Kir4.1–Kir5.1 channels by P at physiological levels
Authors: Cui N. , Giwa L.R. , Xu H. , Rojas A. , Abdulkadir L. , Jiang C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral inward rectifier K+ (Kir) channels are pH‐sensitive, making them potential candidates for CO2 chemoreception in cells. However, there is no evidence showing that Kir channels change their activity at near physiological level of P, as most previous studies were done using high concentrations of CO2. It is known that the heteromeric Kir4.1–Kir5.1 channels are highly sensitive to intracellular protons with pKa value right at the physiological pH level. Such a pKa value may allow these channels to regulate membrane potentials with modest changes in P. To test this hypothesis, we studied the Kir4.1–Kir5.1 currents expressed in Xenopus oocytes and membrane potentials in the presence and absence of bicarbonate. Evident inhibition of these currents (by ∼5%) was seen with P as low as 8 torr. Higher P levels (23–60 torr) produced stronger inhibitions (by 30–40%). The inhibitions led to graded depolarizations (5–45 mV with P 8–60 torr). Similar effects were observed in the presence of 24 mM bicarbonate and 5% CO2. Indeed, the Kir4.1–Kir5.1 currents were enhanced with 3% CO2 and suppressed with 8% CO2 in voltage clamp, resulting in hyper‐ (−9 mV) and depolarization (16 mV) in current clamp, respectively. With physiological concentration of extracellular K+, the Kir4.1–Kir5.1 channels conduct substantial outward currents that were similarly inhibited by CO2 as their inward rectifying currents. These results therefore indicate that the heteromeric Kir4.1–Kir5.1 channels are modulated by a modest change in P levels. Such a modulation alters cellular excitability, and enables the cell to detect hypercapnia and hypocapnia in the presence of bicarbonate. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel mechanism for age‐related macular degeneration: An equilibrium shift between the angiogenesis factors VEGF and PEDF
Authors: Ohno‐Matsui Kyoko , Morita Ikuo , Tombran‐Tink Joyce , Mrazek David , Onodera Mitsue , Uetama Tomoko , Hayano Masato , Murota Sei‐itsu , Mochizuki Manabu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe investigated gene expression profiles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF) in differentiated and non‐differentiated retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells during oxidative stress. Human RPE cells were grown in culture on laminin‐coated flasks to obtain differentiated features. Cells cultured on plastic were used as non‐differentiated controls. After confluence, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was added for 48 h, then, total RNA was extracted and used for RT‐PCR and Northern blot analysis. Medium conditioned by RPE was used for ELISA, Western blotting, and in vitro angiogenesis assay. As a result, differentiated RPE cells expressed significantly higher levels of VEGF protein, as compared to their non‐differentiated counterparts. The expression pattern remained consistent even after cellular exposure to H2O2. Conversely, while elevated levels of PEDF transcript and protein were seen in differentiated RPE cells, compared to non‐differentiated cells, a marked decrease at both PEDF mRNA and protein levels was seen after treatment with H2O2. Moreover, this decrease in PEDF expression was dosage dependent. In in vitro angiogenesis assay, conditioned medium from differentiated human RPE cells after exposure to H2O2 showed a dramatic increase in tubular formation and migratory activity of microvascular endothelial cells. These data suggest that, in physiological conditions, a critical balance between PEDF and VEGF exists, and PEDF may counteract the angiogenic potential of VEGF. Under oxidative stress, PEDF decreases disrupting this balance. This equilibrium shift may be significant in promoting a pathological condition of RPE cells and contributing to choroidal neovascularization in age‐related macular degeneration. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
COX‐dependent and ‐independent pathways in bradykinin‐induced anion secretion in rat epididymis
Authors: Cheuk B.L.Y. , Ko W.H. , Wong P.Y.D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLysylbradykinin (LBK) added to the apical or basolateral side of cultured rat epididymal monolayers stimulated a rise in short‐circuit current (Isc) due to anion secretion. The concentration–response relationships for the apical and basolateral applications have EC50 value of 0.001 μM. The responses to apical or basolateral application of LBK were blocked by WIN64338, a specific B2 receptor antagonist, but not by Des‐Arg9,[Leu8]‐BK, a specific B1 receptor antagonist, indicating that the LBK effects were mediated through B2 bradykinin receptors. Experiments to desensitize the B2 receptors by repeated stimulation have demonstrated that the responses to apical or basolateral LBK were due to dIscrete receptors on the apical or basolateral surface. In epithelia clamped in the Ussing chambers, addition of LBK to the apical or basolateral surface evoked release of PGE2 into the apical and basolateral bathing solutions over the first 10 min following hormone addition. LBK added to the basolateral side elicited a greater release than it was added to the apical side. Pretreatment of the epithelia with piroxicam (5 μM) abolished PGE2 release elicited by apical or basolateral LBK and abrogated the Isc induced by basolateral LBK. However, the rise in Isc induced by apical LBK was reduced by 31.3% only. The anion secretion response to apical LBK was not affected by MDL‐12330A, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, but greatly attenuated by thapsigargin, an inhibitor of intracellular Ca2+ release. However, the reverse effects were seen for basolateral LBK. It is concluded that distinct pathways are involved in the stimulation of anion secretion by apical or basolateral LBK. The response to basolateral LBK was COX‐dependent, mediated by PGE2 and involves cAMP as second messenger. In contrast, the response to apical LBK is largely COX‐independent, not mediated by PGE2 and involves Ca2+ as intracellular messenger. J. Cell. Physiol. 191: 217–226, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calyculin‐A induces focal adhesion assembly and tyrosine phosphorylation of p125Fak, p130Cas, and paxillin in Swiss 3T3 cells
Authors: Leopoldt Daniela , Yee Hal F. , Rozengurt Enrique 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTreatment of intact Swiss 3T3 cells with calyculin‐A, an inhibitor of myosin light chain (MLC) phosphatase, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of p125Fak in a sharply concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. Maximal stimulation was 4.2 ± 2.1‐fold (n = 14). The stimulatory effect of calyculin‐A was observed at low nanomolar concentrations (<10 nM); at higher concentrations (>10 nM) tyrosine phosphorylation of p125Fak was strikingly decreased. Calyculin‐A induced tyrosine phosphorylation of p125Fak through a protein kinase C‐ and Ca2+‐independent pathway. Exposure to either cytochalasin‐D or latrunculin‐A, which disrupt actin organization by different mechanisms, abolished tyrosine phosphorylation of p125Fak in response to calyculin‐A. Treatment with high concentrations of platelet‐derived growth factor (20 ng/ml) which also disrupt actin stress fibers, completely inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation of p125Fak in response to calyculin‐A. This agent also induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the focal adhesion‐associated proteins p130Cas and paxillin. These tyrosine phosphorylation events were associated with a striking increase in the assembly of focal adhesions. The Rho kinase (ROK) inhibitor HA1077 that blocked focal adhesion formation by bombesin, had no effect on the focal adhesion assembly induced by calyculin‐A. Thus, calyculin‐A induces transient focal adhesion assembly and tyrosine phosphorylation of p125Fak, p130Cas, and paxillin, acting downstream of ROK. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adsorption and desorption behaviour of taurine on macroporous adsorption resins
Authors: Zhigang Tang , Rongqi Zhou , Zhanting Duan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAdsorption of taurine on S‐8, NKA2 and Amberlite XAD‐1 resins was measured with respect to time and the results indicated that equilibrium was reached in 50 min. The adsorption isotherms of taurine on D4006, AB‐8, S‐8, NKA2 were recorded and compared with those using Amberlite XAD‐1, XAD‐3, XAD‐6 and XAD‐7 at 28 °C. For an aqueous concentration range of 0–100 mg g−1, each isotherm could be represented as a straight line. S‐8 and XAD‐1 resins had the highest solid/liquid distribution coefficients of 0.92 and 0.9. Since the locally produced S‐8 resin is less expensive than XAD‐1 resin, it was selected for further studies with adsorption isotherms being measured over the aqueous concentration range of 0–160 mg g−1. These experimental results could be fitted by the Langmuir equation. The effects of pH, salting‐out and temperature on the adsorption were studied with the results showing that the influence of temperature was the most important. A temperature‐swing adsorption process was then tested to separate taurine from aqueous solutions and gave a overall yield >90% when taurine was adsorbed at 28 °C and eluted by deionized water at 70 °C.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of live monochorionic twin ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Hanchate Vijay , Garg Ashwin , Sheth Rahul , Rao Jhanavi , Jadhav Pallavi J. , Karayil Diljit 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEctopic pregnancy is a leading cause of pregnancy‐related deaths; its incidence has progressively increased in recent years. Spontaneous twin ectopic pregnancy, however, is extremely rare. Among more than 100 reported cases of twin tubal pregnancies, only 5 cases in which fetal cardiac motion has been visualized in both embryos have been reported. We describe an additional case of a live monochorionic twin ectopic pregnancy in a patient with no predisposing factor. With transabdominal sonography, we initially diagnosed a single ectopic pregnancy, visualized as an ill‐defined mass in the left adnexa. However, with transvaginal sonography, we determined the left adnexal mass to contain a single monochorionic gestational sac with 2 embryos, each with cardiac motion. These findings were confirmed with color Doppler sonography and at laparotomy. The introduction of high‐resolution transvaginal sonography has resulted in the earlier diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy and has contributed to a recent decrease in the maternal mortality and morbidity associated with this condition. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:52–56, 2002.
Lymphatic vessels in the oral cavity: Different structures for the same function
Authors: Marchetti Carla , Poggi Paola 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA study using a light and transmission electron microscope was performed on some structural characteristics of the lymphatic capillaries in different regions of the human oral cavity. The lymphatic capillaries of dental pulp, masticatory mucosa (gingiva and peri‐implant mucosa) and lining mucosa (cheek) were examined. Our attention was focused on the morphologic characteristics of the endothelial wall in the lymphatic capillaries. In particular, the connections between endothelial cells were investigated. In the lymphatic capillaries of the dental pulp, the endothelial wall was always very complex. It frequently presented protrusions of the endothelial cells that overlapped and formed intercellular channels. These channels were thus contained by the vessel endothelial wall with their extremities opening out towards the surrounding interstitium and the vessel lumen. The endothelial wall of the lymphatic capillaries of the cheek was very smooth and thin without complex intercellular junctions. The endothelial cells were joined by end‐to‐end junctions and open junctions were frequently observed. Intercellular channels were also found in the endothelial wall of lymphatic capillaries of the gingiva and the peri‐implant mucosa. The presence of numerous clefts represented by the open junctions in the lymphatics of the cheek and the existence of complex intercellular adhesions with the formation of intercellular channels in the endothelial wall of the lymphatic capillaries of the dental pulp and gingiva induce us to believe that these may play a role in the various mechanisms used by lymphatic capillaries to absorb interstitial fluids. These mechanisms are based on the different morpho‐functional characteristics of the surrounding tissue. Microsc. Res. Tech. 56:42–49, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell biology of the adipokinetic hormone‐producing neurosecretory cells in the locust corpus cardiacum
Authors: Diederen Jacques H.B. , Oudejans Rob C.H.M. , Harthoorn Lucien F. , Van Der Horst Dick J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe adipokinetic cells are neuron‐like unipolar cells, the cell bodies and cell processes of which are intermingled within the glandular part of the corpus cardiacum. In Schistocerca gregaria, they produce two adipokinetic hormones, AKH‐I and ‐II, whereas in Locusta migratoria an additional hormone, AKH‐III, is present. The three AKHs are produced by the same cells and are co‐localized in secretory granules. The biosynthesis and processing of the AKH prohormones to the bioactive hormones, which has been elucidated in detail for AKH‐I and ‐II in S. gregaria, takes less than 75 min and goes on continuously. In older locusts in particular, the adipokinetic cells contain intracisternal granules, widely dilated cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which function as stores of prohormones of AKH‐I and ‐II, not of AKH‐III. The adipokinetic cells are subjected to regulation by a number of neural and humoral substances, neural influences coming from secretomotor cells in the lateral part of the protocerebrum. Flight activity is the only natural stimulus unequivocally shown to induce the release of AKHs, which in L. migratoria results in parallel secretion of all three AKHs. During secretory stimulation, young secretory granules containing newly synthesized hormones are preferentially released over older granules. Secretory stimulation is not accompanied by a clear increase in the levels of the AKH mRNAs and the AKH prohormones and in the rate of synthesis of the (pro‐)AKHs. Apparently, a coupling between release and biosynthesis of the AKHs in the adipokinetic cells is very loose or does not even exist. Microsc. Res. Tech. 56:227–236, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adrenomedullin in mammalian embryogenesis
Authors: Garayoa Mercedes , Bodegas Elena , Cuttitta Frank , Montuenga Luis M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHere are summarized data supporting that adrenomedullin (AM) is a multifunctional factor involved in the complex regulatory mechanisms of mammalian development. During rodent embryogenesis, AM is first expressed in the heart, followed by a broader but also defined spatio‐temporal pattern of expression in vascular, neural, and skeletal‐forming tissues as well as in the main embryonic internal organs. AM pattern of expression is suggestive of its involvement in the control of embryonic invasion, proliferation, and differentiation processes, probably through autocrine or paracrine modes of action. AM levels in fetoplacental tissues, uterus, maternal and umbilical plasma are highly increased during normal gestation. These findings in addition to other physiological and gene targeting studies support the importance of AM as a vasorelaxant factor implicated in the regulation of maternal vascular adaptation to pregnancy, as well as of fetal and fetoplacental circulations. AM is also present in amniotic fluid and milk, which is suggestive of additional functions in the maturation and immunological protection of the fetus. Altered expression of AM has been found in some gestational pathologies, although it is not yet clear whether this corresponds to causative or compensatory mechanisms. Future studies in regard to the distribution and expression levels of the molecules known to function as AM receptors, together with data on the action of complement factor H (an AM binding protein), may help to better define the roles of AM during embryonic development. Microsc. Res. Tech. 57:40–54, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photoreception and circadian clock system of the chicken pineal gland
Authors: Okano Toshiyuki , Fukada Yoshitaka 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChicken pinealocytes contain three major components of the circadian clock system: 1) a self‐sustained oscillator, 2) a photic‐input pathway to the oscillator, and 3) an overt output represented by the rhythmic production of melatonin. Even under cultured conditions of isolated pineal gland or dissociated pinealocytes, the input‐oscillator‐output functions are well maintained. Because of these experimental advantages, chicken pineal gland has been one of the best models for the study of the circadian clock system. Since the finding of a pineal‐specific photoreceptive molecule, pinopsin, we have characterized the endogenous phototransduction pathway in the pinealocytes. On the other hand, despite the long history of chick pineal research, the molecular mechanism underlying the pineal clock oscillation has been largely unknown. Our recent characterization of the chick pineal clock genes strongly suggests that they constitute a transcription/translation‐based autoregulatory feedback loop, which is very similar to that generating circadian rhythmicity in mammalian SCN. Microsc. Res. Tech. 53:72–80, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contribution of cryofixation and freeze‐substitution to analytical microscopy: A study of Tritrichomonas foetus hydrogenosomes
Authors: Consort Ribeiro Karla , Benchimol Marlene , Farina Marcos 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe hydrogenosome, an organelle that produces molecular hydrogen and ATP from the oxidation of pyruvate or malate under anaerobic conditions, presents some characteristics common to mitochondria. It is found in several trichomonad species, protists living in oxygen‐poor environments, as well as certain free‐living ciliates, rumen ciliates, and some fungi. We performed a comparative microanalytical study (energy dispersive X‐ray analysis and electron spectroscopic imaging) of different fixation methods for electron microscopy analyzing hydrogenosomes of the bovine parasite Tritrichomonas foetus. The study included the elemental composition and the mapping of calcium, phosphorus, and oxygen. A preparation of T. foetus cells, based on cryoimmobilization by high‐pressure freezing and freeze‐substitution, was compared to a second preparation based on chemical fixation followed by dehydration and routine processing. The ultrastructural preservation achieved by the cryotechnique was far superior to the chemical fixation, since it allowed the successful cryoimmobilization of intracellular ion contents. The detection of several cations (Al, Mg, Co, Ca, Fe) by X‐ray microanalysis inside the peripheral vesicle of the hydrogenosome was only possible in cryofixed cells. The presence of aluminum and cobalt ion in the hydrogenosomal vesicle was established for the first time. Electron‐spectroscopic images of calcium showed that this element, in addition to the vesicle compartment, is present in the hydrogenosome's membrane in varying concentrations, which might reflect changes in the physiology of this organelle. Microsc. Res. Tech. 53:87–92, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Remodeling of extracellular matrix in gastric ulceration
Authors: Shahin M. , Konturek J.W. , Pohle T. , Schuppan D. , Herbst H. , Domschke W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe quality of ulcer repair remains crucial for the stability of the injured tissue and for preventing recurrence. Therefore, we studied the temporo‐spatial expression of the fibrillar and basement membrane collagens (types I, III, and IV), the collagenase MMP‐2 as well as its inhibitor TIMP‐1 before and after oral administration of basic fibroblast growth factor (b‐FGF) over 30 days in acetic acid‐induced rat gastric ulcers. The alterations and the exact location of the mRNA transcripts and their precipitated proteins were visualized by means of radioactive in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Our data show that hybridization signals of procollagen I could first be identified 2 hours after ulcer induction. After 12 hours the ulcer was established and the mRNA was enhanced at the ulcer margin. After 24–48 hours the other procollagen transcripts were detected and all were further upregulated over the mesenchymal cells of all gastric layers up to 21 days, then declined at 30 days. In contrast, MMP‐2 became prominent after 48 hours and up to 21 days. TIMP‐1 was enhanced at 72 hours. After oral administration of b‐FGF the transcriptional activity of the procollagens and MMP‐2 was not significantly altered, while ulcer diameter was significantly reduced. We conclude that the early onset and long duration of collagens' expression points to their central structural and functional role in gastric ulcer healing. MMP‐2 seems to be involved in both active ulceration and ECM remodeling. The timing of TIMP/MMP expression may be critical for proper restoration of gastric wall integrity. Microsc. Res. Tech. 53:396–408, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.