bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crisis Resource Management
Authors: Berkow Lauren C. , Ruskin Keith 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Anesthesia was the first medical specialty to recognize the role of human factors and crisis resource management (CRM) in improving patient safety. This chapter will review the basics of CRM, including teamwork, communication, shared mental models, and situation awareness. Lack of good communication is one of the most common causes of adverse events and medical errors. Good communication fosters clear team roles and collective decision-making. Strategies that improve communication, foster teamwork, and anticipate and plan for emergencies can have a significant impact on outcome. The chapter will also review the role of cognitive aids and checklists in managing off-nominal and critical events. The use of checklists and cognitive aids can help standardize patient care as well as ensure that vital steps are not skipped in the emergent setting. The use of simulation and team training can improve communication in the operating room.
Ambivalence, Decisional Balance, and Equipoise
Authors: D’Alesio Mark , Kelly Thomas M. , Douaihy Antoine 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews the concepts and interaction of ambivalence, decisional balance, and equipoise. Ambivalence is the classic “push-pull” of the competing thoughts and feelings patients experience in relation to an issue they feel the need to confront. Decisional balance has been described as a technical tool to measure the relative weight of pros and cons and of the benefits and costs of change. Equipoise is defined as a conscious decision to remain neutral and not intentionally steer a patient toward making a specific choice, direction, or change. The authors discuss recognizing ambivalence as a normal process of behavior change and the importance of accepting each patient’s thoughts and feelings in a nonjudgmental, nondictatorial atmosphere. This results in a method for self-determination of patient goals and the means of achieving them. A personal reflection is offered by one of the authors regarding his use of Motivational Interviewing in helping a man resolve his ambivalence regarding whether or not to adhere to medication.
Motivational Interviewing in Primary Care Settings
Authors: Windler Carolyn , Rossiter Brianna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews the application of Motivational Interviewing (MI) in primary care (PC) settings, and it focuses on some of the most common chronic health behavior problems encountered by primary care practitioners. MI has a crucial role in healthcare generally, and in the individual treatment of people with common, yet often chronic, and even fatal, conditions. We describe MI in the context of medication adherence, chronic pain management, and tobacco cessation, as well as health maintenance screenings. The goal is to increase the broad utility of MI throughout PC medicine, to maximize positive healthcare outcomes, and strengthen practitioner confidence with this widely effective clinical approach.
Motivational Interviewing and Obesity
Authors: Leikam Lindsay , Rofey Dana , Gold Melanie A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Obesity is an increasingly common and serious health problem in the United States, and it leads to physical health risks such as cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities. Further, obesity increases risk for psychosocial stressors in childhood and adolescence, including increased bullying by peers and being subject to negative bias by peers, teachers, and family members. This chapter reviews the evidence for the effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing (MI) with obese adults and adolescents and presents the application of MI, showing the use of open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, and summaries in clinical encounters. An important element of the chapter is the presentation on combining therapies such as MI and cognitive restructuring. Several clinical vignettes demonstrate the value of this treatment for improving health-related clinical outcomes for patients struggling with obesity.
Healing Justice Frameworks and Motivational Interviewing
Authors: Auster Lauren , Chang Judy , Miller Elizabeth 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is defined as physical and sexual violence, emotional abuse, and stalking by an intimate partner. This chapter reviews the research on IPV and discusses how Motivational Interviewing (MI) provides patients experiencing IPV a supportive, empathic approach. The authors indicate that MI is such an approach as patients do not want to feel pressured but want health trainees and practitioners to talk to them about the violence in a safe and private setting, without pushing for disclosure. IPV patients primarily need an offer of tangible medical and social resources for support. Application of one framework for treatment called CUES (confidentiality, universal education, empowerment, and support) is described. Three scenarios with patients are presented, demonstrating the use of MI in treatment with patients experiencing IPV.
Motivational Interviewing in e-Health and Telehealth
Authors: Hovis Elizabeth , Latronica James 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Considering the mass expansion of telehealth, or remote medical care services, rolled out during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to touch on the history, benefits, challenges, and implementation of Motivational Interviewing (MI) in clinical encounters through the framework of remote engagement. This chapter reviews the history and research evidence for the use of telehealth in general, and the integration of MI into telehealth services specifically. Best practice evidence is presented, and additional foci are the technological challenges of delivering telehealth and issues related to billing for telehealth services. Personal reflections are offered on cases where patients request telehealth services because telehealth appointments: (1) ease the burden of travel to appointments, (2) help patients save money, and (3) reduce the risk of contracting communicable diseases.
Learning and Experiencing Motivational Interviewing
Authors: Boness Cassandra , Douaihy Antoine 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Learning Motivational Interviewing (MI) is much more than learning and strengthening new clinical strategies for facilitating behavior change. In this chapter we argue that learning MI is more about how we approach the task of learning than the task itself. In this context, Miller and Moyers’s (2007) roughly additive developmental stages are reviewed. Each stage is intended to build the foundation for the next. This eight-stage framework can be useful for understanding the training sequence and for identifying stages where trainees may get stuck when learning MI. Case examples are offered describing how open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, and summaries can be used to increase change talk and help patients develop change plans. Varying methods for learning MI, such as deliberate practice and coaching and modeling are presented.
WALLABY pre-pilot survey: ultra-diffuse galaxies in the Eridanus supergroup
Authors: For B-Q , Spekkens K , Staveley-Smith L , Bekki K , Karunakaran A , Catinella B , Koribalski B S , Lee-Waddell K , Madrid J P , Murugeshan C , Rhee J , Westmeier T , Wong O I , Zaritsky D , Donnerstein R 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a pilot study of the atomic neutral hydrogen gas (H i) content of ultra-diffuse galaxy (UDG) candidates. In this paper, we use the pre-pilot Eridanus field data from the Widefield ASKAP L-band Legacy All-sky Blind Survey to search for H i in UDG candidates found in the Systematically Measuring Ultra-diffuse Galaxies survey (SMUDGes). We narrow down to 78 SMUDGes UDG candidates within the maximum radial extents of the Eridanus subgroups for this study. Most SMUDGes UDGs candidates in this study have effective radii smaller than 1.5 kpc and thus fail to meet the defining size threshold. We only find one H i detection, which we classify as a low-surface-brightness dwarf. Six putative UDGs are H i-free. We show the overall distribution of SMUDGes UDG candidates on the size–luminosity relation and compare them with low-mass dwarfs on the atomic gas fraction versus stellar mass scaling relation. There is no correlation between gas-richness and colour indicating that colour is not the sole parameter determining their H i content. The evolutionary paths that drive galaxy morphological changes and UDG formation channels are likely the additional factors to affect the H i content of putative UDGs. The actual numbers of UDGs for the Eridanus and NGC 1332 subgroups are consistent with the predicted abundance of UDGs and the halo virial mass relation, except for the NGC 1407 subgroup, which has a smaller number of UDGs than the predicted number. Different group environments suggest that these putative UDGs are likely formed via the satellite accretion scenario.
101 eclipsing quadruple star candidates discovered in TESS full frame images
Authors: Kostov Veselin B , Powell Brian P , Rappaport Saul A , Borkovits Tamás , Gagliano Robert , Jacobsy Thomas L , Jayaraman Rahul , Kristiansen Martti H , LaCourse Daryll M , Mitnyan Tibor , Omohundro Mark , Orosz Jerome , Pál András , Schmitt Allan R , Schwengeler Hans M , Terentev Ivan A , Torres Guillermo , Barclay Thomas , Vanderburg Andrew , Welsh William 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We present our second catalogue of quadruple star candidates, containing 101 systems discovered in TESS Full-Frame Image data. The targets were initially detected as eclipsing binary stars with the help of supervised machine learning methods applied to sectors (Sectors 1 through 54). A dedicated team of citizen scientists subsequently identified through visual inspection two sets of eclipses following two different periods. All 101 systems presented here pass comprehensive photocenter motion tests confirming that both sets of eclipses originate from the target star. Some of the systems exhibit prominent eclipse time variations suggesting dynamical interactions between the two component binary stars. One target is an eclipsing quintuple candidate with a (2 + 1) + 2 hierarchical configuration, such that the (2 + 1) subsystem produces eclipses on the triple orbit as well. Another has recently been confirmed as the second shortest period quadruple reported to date. This catalogue provides ephemerides, eclipse depths and durations, sample statistics, and highlights potentially interesting targets for future studies.
Hyperfine collisional excitation of ammonia by molecular hydrogen
Authors: Loreau J , Faure A , Lique F , Demes S , Dagdigian P J 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Ammonia is one of the most widely observed molecules in space, and many observations are able to resolve the hyperfine structure due to the electric quadrupole moment of the nitrogen nucleus. The observed spectra often display anomalies in the satellite components of the lines, which indicate substantial deviations from the local thermodynamic equilibrium. The interpretation of the spectra thus requires the knowledge of the rate coefficients for the hyperfine excitation of NH3 induced by collisions with H2 molecules, the dominant collider in the cold interstellar medium. In this paper, we present the first such calculations using a recoupling approach. The rate coefficients are obtained for all hyperfine levels within rotation–inversion levels up to j = 4 and temperatures up to 100 K by means of quantum scattering close-coupling calculations on an accurate, five-dimensional, potential energy surface. We show that the rate coefficients depart significantly from those obtained with the statistical approach and that they do not conform to any simple propensity rules. Finally, we perform radiative transfer calculations to illustrate the impact of our new rate coefficients by modelling the hyperfine line intensities of the inversion transition in ground-state para-NH3 (jk = 11) and of the rotational transition 10 → 00 in ortho-NH3.
Upregulated TIMP1 facilitates and coordinates myometrial contraction by decreasing collagens and cell adhesive capacity during human labor
Authors: Bao Junjie , Wang Xiaodi , Chen Lina , Wen Bolun , Gao Qiu , Pan Xiuyu , Chen Yunshan , Ji Kaiyuan , Liu Huishu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Myometrial contraction is one of the key events involved in parturition. Increasing evidence suggests the importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in this process, in addition to the functional role of myometrial smooth muscle cells, and our previous study identified an upregulated tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) in human laboring myometrium compared to nonlabor samples. This study aimed to further explore the potential role of TIMP1 in myometrial contraction. First, we confirmed increased myometrial TIMP1 levels in labor and during labor with cervical dilation using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, followed by real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Then, a cell contraction assay was performed to verify the decreased contractility after TIMP1 knockdown in vitro. To further understand the underlying mechanism, we used RNA-sequencing analysis to reveal the upregulated genes after TIMP1 knockdown; these genes were enriched in collagen fibril organization, cell adhesion, and ECM organization. Subsequently, a human matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) array and collagen staining were performed to determine the TIMPs, MMPs and collagens in laboring and nonlabor myometrium. A real-time cell adhesion assay was used to detect cell adhesive capacity. The results showed upregulated MMP8 and MMP9, downregulated collagens, and attenuated cell adhesive capacity in laboring myometrium, while lower MMP levels and higher collagen levels and cell adhesive capacity were observed in nonlabor. Moreover, TIMP1 knockdown led to restoration of cell adhesive capacity. Together, these results indicate that upregulated TIMP1 during labor facilitates and coordinates myometrial contraction by decreasing collagen and cell adhesive capacity, which may provide effective strategies for the regulation of myometrial contraction.
In vitro chemopreventive and cytotoxic effects of Amazon mosses Leucobryum martianum (Hornsch.) and Leucobryum laevifolium (Broth) extracts
Authors: Fernandes Andreia da Silva , de Oliveira Carine Gonçalves , Evangelista Heitor , Sulamita D.S. Maria , Araujo-Lima Carlos Fernando , Felzenszwalb Israel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Several bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, demonstrate low toxicity and prominent effects on cancer cells with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. Such compounds can be found in Amazon mosses Leucobryum martianum (Hornsch.) Hampe ex Müll. Hal. (Hornsch.) and Leucobryum laevifolium (Broth). Antimutagenic assay with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and cytotoxicity with different eukaryotic cell lines were carried out to screen aqueous, hydroalcoholic, and ethanolic extracts of those Amazon mosses for anticancer potential. The results indicate the capacity of all extracts of both mosses to exert chemopreventive effects against 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO) and 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA), which are direct or indirect mutagens. In particular, the ethanolic and aqueous extract from L. martianum. The ethanolic extract from L. martianum induces significant cytotoxicity by mitochondrial metabolism and cell membrane disruption pathways to tumor or non-tumor cells. The aqueous extract from L. martianum showed a mainly cytotoxic response in the HepG2 cells, a human liver carcinoma, reaching ~90% cytotoxicity. The same extract did not induce significant damage to normal liver cells (F C3H cells) by membrane interaction pathway. The selective cytotoxicity in the aqueous extract of L. martianum makes it a candidate against liver cancer. Further studies, including in vivo models, are necessary to validate the efficacy and safety of the aqueous extract of L. martianum.
Effectiveness of nutritional support to improve treatment adherence in patients with tuberculosis: a systematic review
Authors: Wagnew Fasil , Gray Darren , Tsheten Tsheten , Kelly Matthew , Clements Archie C A , Alene Kefyalew Addis 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Context
Nutritional interventions substantially improve tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes and prevent complications. However, there is limited evidence about the connections between having nutritional support and TB treatment adherence.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of nutritional support in improving treatment adherence among patients with TB.

Data Sources
Databases, including PubMed, Embase (Ovid), Web of Science, and Scopus, were comprehensively reviewed to identify relevant studies reporting the impacts of nutritional support on TB treatment adherence.

Data Extraction
Two authors independently screened the title, abstracts, and full article texts to identify eligible studies and assess the risk of bias. Observational and interventional studies were included.

Data Analysis
A narrative synthesis approach was used to summarize the findings qualitatively.

Results
From the search, 3059 publications were identified; of these, 8 studies were included in this systematic review. Three types of nutritional interventions were identified: food baskets (eg, energy, micronutrient- or macronutrient-enriched food support), nutritional advice and guidance, and incentives for buying foods. Although 5 studies reported that nutritional support significantly improved treatment adherence in patients with TB, 3 studies showed that nutritional support had no effect on TB treatment adherence.

Conclusions
Providing nutritional support may improve adherence to TB treatment. However, more well-powered, high-quality trials are warranted to demonstrate the effect of nutrition support on cost-effectively improving adherence to TB treatment.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023392162.
Roles and the Moral Practice of Precedent
Authors: Van Wees Nathan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Some recent work in legal theory argues that legal questions boil down to moral questions. On this view, lawyers and judges are ultimately interested in the moral effect of things done by legal institutions. This view has been called the ‘new legal anti-positivism’. So far, it has not given a convincing account of precedent. That is, it has not explained how moral reasons can account for what judges do in practice when they follow past decisions. Any successful account must explain the central features of this practice: why lower courts follow higher courts, and not the other way around; the difference between ratio and obiter; and the situations in which judges distinguish or overrule past decisions. This article gives a non-positivist account that meets this challenge, by giving a prominent place to the moral importance of roles. The account avoids some problems faced by existing non-positivist accounts of precedent.
Slave Soldiers, British Colonial Rule, and Armed Resistance
Authors: Roach Steven C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter traces the roots of South Sudan’s liberation movement to the rise of slave soldiers during the Turkiyyah period (1820–1885) and the efforts by the Mahdist state to end colonial oppression (1885–1899). It then examines British colonial rule and how this divided Sudan into a modernized North and undeveloped South during the first half of the twentieth century. The chapter addresses the impact of Britain’s indirect rule on tribal relations and development in the South. It then moves on to analyze the rise of armed rebellion, or the Anyanya, during Sudan’s first civil war (1955–1972), before finally turning to the new autonomous government in the South (1972–1983). It shows how Khartoum’s lack of investment in its institutions and infrastructure created tensions and problems that eventually led to the outbreak of Sudan’s second civil war.
A Transitional Government and the Prospects for Peace and National Unity
Authors: Roach Steven C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This concluding chapter analyzes the short and long-term challenges of implementing R-ARCSS, including consensus building, intercommunal violence, party infighting, COVID-19, corruption in the oil market, and demilitarizing patronage. To meet these challenges and reduce the tensions in RTGoNU, I argue that the parties need to adopt an integrative approach to governing or implementing R-ARCSS, which links the present (government action) with past and future objectives through a concerted balance of justice, accountability, peace, and democracy. The fact that the national elite continues to repress civil society in the peace process underscores the deep-seated exclusion in the country. In addressing this underlying problem, then, I shall offer various ideas and strategies regarding what I call an integrative social contract as well as the proper alignment of regional politics with long-term peace.
Leisure in a Technological World
Authors: Elliston Clark 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Twentieth-century advances in both industry and technology promised a future without toil and labor—but this future did not come to pass. Instead, Americans work longer and harder than ever before, despite enjoying more material goods than in the past. Concomitantly, leisure is now alternately suppressed under the celebration of ‘hard work’ and ‘commitment,’ on one hand, or elevated as the pre-eminent end of human life, on the other. The distortion inherent in both alternatives leads to fundamental problems, since leisure is central to genuine human flourishing. In this chapter, Elliston builds on these realities to argue that our philosophical technophilia, so integral to the diminishment of labor, leisure, and play, seriously overlooks aspects of Western modernity which threaten the foundations of human flourishing. He concludes that the very aspects of technological advance that have contributed much to the betterment of humankind also contain within them seeds of destruction if left unchallenged.
Living in the Midst of Death
Authors: Mawson Michael 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, Michael Mawson explores how Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Austrian-born philosopher Jean Améry might help us better to understand and to attend to the ambiguities and complexities of our experiences of aging. Mawson firstly engages Bonhoeffer’s theological account of the human being as situated between life and death. In his 1933 Creation and Fall, Bonhoeffer presents human beings as existing between the two conflicting promises of the opening chapters of Genesis: God’s promise to Adam in the garden (‘if you eat from this tree you will surely die’) and the Serpent’s promise to Eve (‘you will not die at all’). These two promises together encapsulate and disclose the situation of humanity: ‘After the fall, all human beings are suspended between these two conflicting statements—living towards death, living as those already dead.’ In the second part, Mawson turns to Améry’s phenomenological reflections in On Aging: Revolt and Resignation (1968), wherein he provides an account of aging as ‘death in the midst of life.’ Améry’s rich descriptions thus draw attention to ambiguities and tensions that are present in all experiences of aging. Mawson concludes by demonstrating how Bonhoeffer and Améry can assist with contesting the kinds of utopianism and idealism prevalent in many standard approaches to aging. In particular, Bonhoeffer and Amery help us to recognize the limitations of medical and technological responses to aging.