bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergent Nucleosynthesis from a 1.2 s Long Simulation of a Black Hole Accretion Disk
Authors: Sprouse Trevor M. , Lund Kelsey A. , Miller Jonah M. , McLaughlin Gail C. , Mumpower Matthew R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We simulate a black hole accretion disk system with full-transport general relativistic neutrino radiation magnetohydrodynamics for 1.2 s. This system is likely to form after the merger of two compact objects and is thought to be a robust site of r-process nucleosynthesis. We consider the case of a black hole accretion disk arising from the merger of two neutron stars. Our simulation time coincides with the nucleosynthesis timescale of the r-process (∼1 s). Because these simulations are time-consuming, it is common practice to run for a “short” duration of approximately 0.1–0.3 s. We analyze the nucleosynthetic outflow from this system and compare the results of stopping at 0.12 and 1.2 s. We find that the addition of mass ejected in the longer simulation as well as more favorable thermodynamic conditions from emergent viscous ejecta greatly impacts the nucleosynthetic outcome. We quantify the error in nucleosynthetic outcomes between short and long cuts.
Revised Constraints on the Fast Radio Burst Population from the First CHIME/FRB Catalog
Authors: Lin Hai-Nan , Zou Rui 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the fast radio burst (FRB) population using the first CHIME/FRB catalog. We first reconstruct the extragalactic dispersion measure–redshift relation (DME–z relation) from well-localized FRBs, then use it to infer the redshift and isotropic energy of the first CHIME/FRB catalog. The intrinsic energy distribution is modeled by the power law with an exponential cutoff, and the selection effect of the CHIME telescope is modeled by a two-parametric function of specific fluence. For the intrinsic redshift distribution, the star formation history (SFH) model and five other SFH-related models are considered. We construct the joint likelihood of fluence, energy, and redshift, and all the free parameters are constrained simultaneously using the Bayesian inference method. The Bayesian information criterion (BIC) is used to choose the model that best matches the observational data. For comparison, we fit our models with two data samples, i.e., the Full sample and the Gold sample. The power-law index and cutoff energy are tightly constrained to be 1.8 ≲ α ≲ 1.9 and

log
(

E

c

/

erg
)
≈
42

, which are almost independent of the redshift distribution model and the data sample we choose. The parameters involving the selection effect strongly depend on the data sample but are insensitive to the redshift distribution model. According to BIC, the pure SFH model is strongly disfavored by both the Full sample and Gold sample. For the other five SFH-related redshift distribution models, most of them can match the data well if the parameters are properly chosen. Therefore, with the present data, it is still premature to draw a conclusion on the FRB population.
Cost-effectiveness of cardiomyopathy ambulatory care with sacubitril/valsartan vs standard therapy after COVID-19 in Kazakhstan
Authors: Dadanbekova Dana , Zhakipbekov Kairat , Kodasbayev Almat , Datkhayev Ubaidilla , Petrova Guenka , Tachkov Konstantin 
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 2 different therapies of cardiomyopathy (CM) after COVID -19. The focus of the study is fixed dose combination (FDC) of sacubitril/valsartan and standard therapy in Kazakhstan. This is written from the point of view of the health insurance institution.
Information for the age, gender, CM therapy, number of hospitalizations, COVID-19 infection, and past cardiovascular surgeries of 237 patients with incidents of CM which required a hospitalization after a COVID-19 infection was collected. Selected patients were divided into two groups: the cost of FDC and standard therapy and the annual cost of their therapy was calculated. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated by dividing the cost of medication therapy by the number of hospitalizations between the two compared groups. Robustness of the results was tested with deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. The study was performed in City cardiology centre of Almaty in Kazakhstan during 2020–2022.
Results show that FDC is more costly but more effective, leading to fewer hospitalizations. ICER accounts for €-2,743.08 per hospitalization saved in the group on FDC vs standard of therapy.
Sacubitril/valsartan is cost-effective in ambulatory conditions in comparison with standard therapy of cardiomyopathy after COVID-19 leading to savings due to the decrease in the number of hospitalizations.
Nurse Upskilling During Crisis: Collaborating for Continuing Education
Authors: Rascón Aliria Muñoz , Nelson Andrew , Richardson Darcy 
Published: February 2024

Background:
As rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reached pandemic levels in early 2020, the need for intensive care unit (ICU) nurses with mechanical ventilator knowledge increased. In response to the pandemic, hospital systems with limited resources reported moving ICU nurse educators to direct patient care roles and reassigning non-ICU nurses to work in the ICU. With fewer resources to educate non-ICU nurses and many newly assigned nurses reporting feeling unprepared for work in the ICU, the need for an accessible and scalable introduction to ICU nursing became clear.

Method:
Our team responded by creating a free, online, self-paced, asynchronous course introducing the ICU nursing setting.

Results:
More than 4,000 learners worldwide have enrolled in the course, with 94% of survey respondents expecting the course to positively impact their institution.

Conclusion:

Our project shows an approach to effective collaboration among clinical partners, instructional designers, and nursing experts to address critical needs in continuing education in nursing.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2024;55(5):257–260.]
Role of Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) as a prognostic marker in Egyptian patients with B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Elbaz Osama , Shahin Doaa , Salah Eldin Manal , El-Sayed Amira , EL-Sebaie Ahmed 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is the most common lymphoproliferative in adults and most patients are diagnosed by flow cytometry. High-risk B-CLL has been shown to lack the expression of (LAIR-1 or CD305), an inhibitor of B-cell receptor-mediated signaling.

Aim
This study aimed to evaluate the expression of CD305 cell surface in patients with B-cell and its correlation with the clinical and prognostic relevance of the disease.

Patients and methods
This study was performed on 100 patients newly diagnosed with B-CLL (72 males and 28 females) with a median age of (59 y), who were admitted to the Oncology Center of Mansoura University, in addition to 40 healthy individuals who served as a control group. The detection of CD305 and other CDs was performed using specific monoclonal antibodies on a flow cytometer (BD Bioscience FacsCanto II Flow Cytometer, USA) and was further analyzed using flow software (BD Biosciences).

Results
CD305 was positively expressed in 58% of B-CLL patients compared with 35% of the control group. It had a significant positive correlation with both Hb level and platelet count (P=0.005 and 0.036 respectively), but showed a significant negative correlation with the WBC count (P=0.005). CD38 expression was significantly higher in the CD305-negative group compared with the CD305-positive group (P=0.04). The expression of CD305 was significantly elevated in low B-CLL stages than in higher stages (P<0.05).

Conclusion
There was a significant negative correlation between CD305 with WBCS. CD38 was a significantly increased expression in the CD305-negative group compared with the CD305-positive group. The number of cases receiving treatment in the CD305-negative group was higher compared with the CD305-positive group. CD305 expression could be used as simple, reliable, inexpensive independent prognostic factors in B-CLL patients with a valuable predictive role for patients who will initiate chemotherapy early.
Soluble transferrin receptor concentration compared with reticulocyte hemoglobin content as a reliable marker of iron deficiency anemia in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Elhabiby Hebatuallah A , Elbedewy Tamer A , Mabrouk Maaly M , ElAhwal Loai M , El-shall Nelly D , Aboelnasr Mohamed S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Adequate iron stores are necessary for successful erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) therapy in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, iron status estimation in HD patients remains challenging, as most parameters are affected by inflammation. We aimed to compare the performance of soluble transferrin receptor concentration (sTfR) and reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) as potential markers for iron status assessment.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study that included 60 anemic patients with kidney failure on regular HD for a minimum of 3 months. Patients were in the maintenance phase of the ESAs with stable doses for at least 4 weeks and at least 3 weeks free of iron therapy. Patients were classified into two groups; group I: 18 patients with noniron deficiency anemia (NIDA); transferrin saturation (TSAT) greater than 20% and ferritin greater than 200 ng/ml and group II: 42 patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA); transferrin saturation less than 20% and/or ferritin less than 200 ng/ml. CHr and sTfR were evaluated as reliable markers for diagnosing iron deficiency.

Results
CHr was significantly lower while sTfR was significantly higher in patients with IDA. Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the curve (AUC) of sTfR was significantly larger than the area under the curve of CHr; however, this had a borderline significance.

Conclusion
sTfR has a significantly higher diagnostic power for diagnosis of IDA than CHr.
Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney Mimicking Wilms Tumor in a Child
Authors: Krishna Anoop , Joseph Susy , Krishnan A. S. Ajith , Kiran N. , Prasanth V. R. , Nair Sindhu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is a rare malignant renal tumor in children, the diagnosis of which is a challenge due to nonspecific clinical and radiological presentation.

Clinical Description:
A 4-year-old boy presented with a 2-day history of abdominal pain and hematuria, without oliguria, pallor, or hypertension. His renal function was within the normal limits. An initial ultrasound of the abdomen showed an iso- to hyperechoic lesion in the mid pole of the right kidney causing compression of the pelvicalyceal system. A computed tomography scan revealed a relatively heterogenous hypoenhancing mass lesion with a “claw sign” suggestive of solid renal neoplasm with doubtful infiltration of quadratus lumborum and psoas muscle, most probably Wilms tumor.

Management and Outcome:
The child was started on neoadjuvant chemotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin D, and doxorubicin according to the National Wilms Tumor Study protocol (NWTS) suspecting stage III Wilms tumor. After six cycles, surgical resection of the tumor was done, which on histopathological examination, was consistent with CSSK. The child received postoperative flank irradiation. Chemotherapy was escalated to Regimen I (vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide) for 24 weeks. The child improved and was free of metastasis till the last follow-up.

Conclusion:
Before a renal tumor is labeled as Wilms tumor, all efforts must be made to rule out the more sinister, but similar appearing CCSK, so that an effective and aggressive treatment regimen can be administered timely.
Bridging Bronchus – An Unsuspected Airway Anomaly Associated with Congenital Heart Disease: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Gailson Tonyot , Singh Ritika , Bhatia Anmol , Pilania Rakesh Kumar , Baranwal Arun Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
The association of airway anomalies with congenital heart disease (CHD) is common, but often remains undetected, due to a lack of awareness. We describe the unfortunate demise of an infant with CHD due to delayed diagnosis of a bridging bronchus (BB) with multifocal bronchial stenosis.

Clinical Description:
An 18-month-old boy, who was a known case of ventricular septal defect (VSD), was hospitalized for the third time with symptoms of pneumonia and congestive heart failure. He also had intermittent stridor and wheeze similar to his earlier illnesses.

Management and Outcome:
After stabilization with bubble continuous positive airway pressure, antibiotics, and diuretics, he underwent surgery for the VSD and got extubated successfully on day 3. Subsequently, however, he failed to get weaned off further from respiratory support and started having recurrent episodes of stridor along with suprasternal retractions and wheeze. Computerized tomography (CT) showed BB with multifocal stenosis of the airway and sequestration of the left lower lobe of the lung. He developed pneumonia and succumbed to the illness before he could be considered for surgical correction of the airway anomalies.

Conclusion:
Awareness about associated airway anomalies and their preoperative detection may alter prognostication, parental counseling, surgical approach, and final outcome.
Intramedullary mature teratoma in an adult: A case report
Authors: Gökyar Ahmet , Bahadır Sinan , Çokluk Cengiz 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Intraspinal mature teratomas rarely occur in adults. There is little published information about the diagnosis and prognosis of adult-onset intradural spinal teratoma due to its rarity. We describe a rare case of adult intramedullary mature teratoma. A 36-year-old woman presented with complaint of a long-standing low back pain accompanied by progressive numbness of the lower extremities for a month. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intramedullary tumor extending between T11 and L3. Gross excision of mass was performed with no complications. Patient symptoms improved over time and she is still under follow-up. Intramedullary mature teratoma in adults is rare but reports suggest an increase in recent years. These tumors manifest themselves based on their location within the spinal cord and the affected surrounding nerve roots. MRI is the most helpful imaging modality. But definitive diagnosis is accomplished by histopathological examination. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment. For pure mature teratomas, gross resection is comparable with radical resection. In general, prognosis for these tumors is good, with most patients showing improved neurological status or stability after resection.
Management outcomes of cervical radiculopathy with conservative treatment, anterior cervical discectomy fusion (ACDF), and anterior cervical disc replacement (ACDR)—Retrospective single center matched cohort study
Authors: Basu Saumyajit , Joshi Piyush , Hanasoge Vikas , Guduru Aditya V , Gadegone Piyush W , Jain Mitul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Degenerative cervical radiculopathy results from nerve root compression in the cervical neural foramina, often due to a herniated disc, osteophyte, or facetal/ligamentum flavum hypertrophy. Typically, 80% of patients show improvement within the initial 12 weeks through nonoperative measures, with surgical intervention considered for non-responders. This study aimed to compare clinical and radiological outcomes in cervical radiculopathy patients undergoing prolonged conservative care, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), or anterior cervical disc replacement (ACDR) after a 1‐year follow‐up.

Materials and Methods:
Our study was a retrospective single‐center study involving 780 cervical radiculopathy patients from January 2012 to December 2021. About 80.12% found relief with conservative management within 12 weeks. Remaining 155 patients were offered surgery, with 73 opting for continued conservative care, and 82 undergoing surgery (55 with ACDF and 27 with ACDR). Evaluation was done using visual analogue scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and radiographic parameters.

Results:
The mean follow‐up was 11.58 ± 6.7 months. ACDR group: Mean age 43.38 ± 8.56, VAS 7.81 ± 1.04 preoperatively, improved significantly to 2.07 ± 1.34 (P < 0.05) at 1‐year follow‐up. ACDF group: Mean age 44.85 ± 10.65, VAS 8.22 ± 1.21 preoperatively, improved significantly to 2.09 ± 1.01 (P < 0.05) at 1‐year follow‐up. Conservative group: Mean age 45.04 ± 11.19, VAS 7.77 ± 1.86 preoperatively, improved significantly to 2.08 ± 1.40 (P < 0.05) at 1‐year follow‐up. Radiographic parameters significantly improved in all groups at 1‐year follow‐up (P < 0.05). Range of motion (ROM) changes varied across groups. Miyazaki’s grading and Kim’s score showed comparable results.

Conclusion:
Comparable clinical and radiological outcomes were observed among conservative, ACDF, and ACDR approaches. ACDR approach demonstrated a better NDI score outcome. Neck ROM was better maintained or improved in the ACDR approach, decreased in ACDF, and remained almost similar in the conservative group.
Simple Objective Assessment to Determine Nutritional Status of Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Mehta Kejal , Vadlapatla Krishnapriya Priya , Patel Zamurrud , Shah Bharat 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
The objective is to determine nutritional status of hemodialysis (HD) patients using simple objective assessment (SOA) method.

Methods:
A total of 54 stable patients were evaluated at our dialysis center. All patients were undergoing maintenance HD for at least 6 months. Nutritional status was assessed by subjective global assessment (SGA) and SOA which included two parameters, i.e., change over past 6 months in weight and albumin.

Results:
The SGA scoring showed that 39 (72.22%) patients were well nourished, 14 (25.92%) mild to moderately malnourished, and 1 (1.85%) severely malnourished. Using the SOA scoring, 40 (74.07%) patients were well nourished, 13 (24.07%) mild to moderately malnourished, and 1 (1.85%) severely malnourished. There was good correlation between the two scoring methods with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.85.

Conclusion:
Our study shows that SOA using delta weight and delta albumin over 6 months provides as good information as SGA (R = 0.85) and is easy to implement in routine clinical practice.
Integral equivariant cohomology of affine Grassmannians
Authors: Anderson David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe give explicit presentations of the integral equivariant cohomology of the affine Grassmannians and flag varieties in type A, arising from their natural embeddings in the corresponding infinite (Sato) Grassmannian and flag variety. These presentations are compared with results obtained by Lam and Shimozono, for rational equivariant cohomology of the affine Grassmannian, and by Larson, for the integral cohomology of the moduli stack of vector bundles on .
“Like rubbing salt into the wound”: Lived experiences of homeless youth in Gondar City, Ethiopia
Authors: Bihonegn Adugna Abebe 
Published: February 2024

Despite growing research on homeless street children, women and elderly people in Ethiopia, there is little empirical evidence regarding the experiences of homeless street youth in the country. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological research is therefore to understand the lived experiences of street homeless youth aged between 18 and 29 years in Gondar city. Face -to- face in-depth interview was conducted with 9 purposively selected study participants. Interviews were transcribed, coded, categorized and thematized through thematic analysis strategy. Five themes emerged from the data analysis include Reasons for becoming homeless; Social marginalization; Violence and Criminalization; Psychological distress; and Means of a living. Findings of this study illustrate that homeless youth suffered from poor health, sexual violence, psychological trauma, social stigma and hostility from the public. The combined effect of these precarious situations places homeless youth at the margins of society and makes them feel helpless in their daily lives. This study implies that social workers should use and promote family- and community-based interventions to deal with the problem of homeless youths and integrate them into society.
How to reference using ASWNet style:
Bihonegn, A. (2023). “Like rubbing salt into the wound”: Lived experiences of homeless youth in Gondar City, Ethiopia. African Journal of Social Work, 13(5), 265-272. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v13i5.5
Visit journal website: https://ajsw.africasocialwork.net
Social work ethos in indigenous Shona music: a qualitative content analysis of the song Mugariro (Ephat Mujuru, 1994) through Ubuntu philosophy and Ukama construct in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chigangaidze Robert 
Published: February 2024

Several analysts working within the dominant Western paradigms are unwilling to evaluate and examine their indigenous perspectives as they find their structures to be culturally dependent rather than logical. Inspired by the principles of decolonial social work, this article analyses the song Mugariro (a way of living) by Ephat Mujuru, 1994, through the African philosophy of Ubuntu and its construct of ukama (relatedness/ relationality). Utilizing qualitative content analysis, this paper latently explores the song Mugariro and reflects on themes such as a good way of life, Ukama (relatedness/ relationality), an extension of Ukama to non-humans, global citizenship and spirituality in social work. The paper calls for social workers willing to work towards decolonial social work to tap into the knowledge in their localities and integrate it with social work knowledge were possible.
How to reference using ASWNet style:
Chigangaidze, R. K. (2023). Social work ethos in indigenous Shona music: a qualitative content analysis of the song Mugariro (Ephat Mujuru,1994) through Ubuntu philosophy and Ukama construct in Zimbabwe. African Journal of Social Work, 13(6), 285-293. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v13i6.2
Visit journal website: https://ajsw.africasocialwork.net