bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T-even TMDs for the spin-0 pseudo-scalar mesons upto twist-4 using light-front formalism
Authors: Puhan Satyajit , Sharma Shubham , Kaur Navpreet , Kumar Narinder , Dahiya Harleen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We have investigated the pseudo-scalar meson structure in the form of transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) in the light-front based holographic model and quark model. Starting from leading order, we have calculated all the time-reversal even TMDs for pion and kaon up to twist-4 in these models. We have shown the 3-dimensional structure as well as the 2-dimensional structure of these particles along with their average quark transverse momenta. The parton distribution functions (PDFs) of pseudo-scalar pion have been compared with E615 and modified E615 results. The sum rules, TMD transverse dependence, inverse moments and Gaussian transverse dependence ratio in these models have also been studied. Further, the transverse quark densities have also been analyzed in the momentum space plane for these particles. The higher twist kaon properties in light-front framework have been predicted for the first time in this work.
Logarithmic corrections for near-extremal black holes
Authors: Banerjee Nabamita , Saha Muktajyoti , Srinivasan Suthanth 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present the computation of logarithmic corrections to near-extremal black hole entropy from one-loop Euclidean gravity path integral around the near-horizon geometry. We extract these corrections employing a suitably modified heat kernel method, where the near-extremal near-horizon geometry is treated as a perturbation around the extremal near-horizon geometry. Using this method we compute the logarithmic corrections to non-rotating solutions in four dimensional Einstein-Maxwell and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2, 4, 8 supergravity theories. We also discuss the limit that suitably recovers the extremal black hole results.
Dynamical inflation stimulated cogenesis
Authors: Borah Debasish , Dasgupta Arnab , Stolarski Daniel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We propose a minimal setup that realises dynamical inflection point inflation, and, using the same field content, generates neutrino masses, a baryon asymmetry of the universe, and dark matter. A dark SU(2)D gauge sector with a dark scalar doublet playing the role of inflaton is considered along with several doublet and singlet fermions sufficient to realise multiple inflection points in the inflaton potential. The singlet fermions couple to SM leptons and generate neutrino masses via the inverse seesaw mechanism. Those fermions also decay asymmetrically and out of equilibrium, generating a baryon asymmetry via leptogenesis. Some of the fermion doublets are dark matter, and they are produced via inflaton decay and freeze-in annihilation of the same fermions that generate the lepton asymmetry. Reheating, leptogenesis, and dark matter are all at the TeV scale.
High Energy String Scattering in AdS
Authors: Alday Luis F. , Hansen Tobias , Nocchi Maria 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study the AdS Virasoro-Shapiro amplitude in the limit of fixed-angle high energy scattering. A recent representation as a world-sheet integral allows to compute the amplitude in this regime by saddle point techniques, very much as in flat space. This result is then compared to a classical scattering computation in AdS and agreement is found. As a byproduct of this comparison we show that AdS curvature corrections exponentiate in the high energy limit.
A Novel Tracking Algorithm Based on Waveform Selection for Maneuvering Targets in Clutter
Authors: Huang Jieyu , Xie Junwei , Zhang Haowei , Li Zhengjie , Qi Cheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe cognition radar utilizes the dynamic waveform configuration to adapt to the environment to improve tracking performance. A novel tracking algorithm based on waveform selection is proposed to address the maneuvering aircraft tracking problem in clutter. Based on the modified current statistical (MCS) model, the modified probabilistic data association filter (MPDAF) is integrated with the square-root cubature Kalman filter (SCKF) to deal with the nonlinear measurement and the clutter. Additionally, the waveform library is established by applying the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) to a base waveform, and a direct method is proposed to select the optimal waveform to minimize the posterior state error covariance matrix. The simulation results showed that, compared with the filters with the fixed waveform as well as the state-of-the-art algorithms, the proposed algorithm achieved higher estimation precision and lower track loss percentage while maintaining a low computational burden.
Homology Growth, Hyperbolization, and Fibering
Authors: Avramidi Grigori , Okun Boris , Schreve Kevin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe introduce a hyperbolic reflection group trick which builds closed aspherical manifolds out of compact ones and preserves hyperbolicity, residual finiteness, and—for almost all primesp—$\mathbb{F} _{p}$-homology growth above the middle dimension. We use this trick, embedding theory and manifold topology to construct Gromov hyperbolic 7-manifolds that do not virtually fiber over a circle out of graph products of large finite groups.
Suicide rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: da Cunha Varella Ana Paula , Griffin Eve , Khashan Ali , Kabir Zubair 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health issues such as depression and anxiety are well-documented in the literature, but its influence on suicidal patterns shows divergent results. We aim to comprehensively synthesize evidence on potential changes or stability of suicide rates during the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide.

Methods
A comprehensive search of studies reporting suicide rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted. Eligible studies reported incidences of confirmed suicides (suspected in special cases) for two time periods, before (until February 2020) and during (from March 2020 to June 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic. A meta-analysis of proportions using a random-effect model was performed to estimate the pre- and during-pandemic incidence rates of suicide with 95% confidence intervals. Differences in pre- and during-pandemic rates were formally tested using a heterogeneity test.

Results
A total of 34 studies were included in the review capturing suicide data from over 40 countries and regions. The meta-analysis outputs did not indicate a significant change in suicide rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pooled suicide rate in the studied period before the pandemic was 11.38 per 100,000 (95% CI 9.35–13.42) and in the period during the pandemic was 10.65 per 100,000 (95% CI 8.61–12.68).

Conclusion
No significant change in suicide rates was observed during the COVID pandemic from a global perspective for the periods examined. A longer follow-up can provide additional insights into such suicide trends globally. Improvements in data reporting, specifically with implementation of real-time surveillance, is imperative to provide adequate suicide prevention and support.
Distinct Assembly Processes Structure Planktonic Bacterial Communities Among Near- and Offshore Ecosystems in the Yangtze River Estuary
Authors: Xian Wen-Dong , Ding Junjie , Chen Jinhui , Qu Wu , Cao Pinglin , Tang Chunyu , Liu Xuezhu , Zhang Yiying , Li Jia-Ling , Wang Pandeng , Li Wen-Jun , Wang Jianxin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe estuarine system functions as natural filters due to its ability to facilitate material transformation, planktonic bacteria play a crucial role in the cycling of complex nutrients and pollutants within estuaries, and understanding the community composition and assembly therein is crucial for comprehending bacterial ecology within estuaries. Despite extensive investigations into the composition and community assembly of two bacterial fractions (free-living, FLB; particle-attached, PAB), the process by which bacterioplankton communities in these two habitats assemble in the nearshore and offshore zones of estuarine ecosystems remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted sampling in the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) to investigate potential variations in the composition and community assembly of FLB and PAB in nearshore and offshore regions. We collected 90 samples of surface, middle, and bottom water from 16 sampling stations and performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis along with environmental factor measurements. The results unveiled that the nearshore communities demonstrated significantly greater species richness and Chao1 indices compared to the offshore communities. In contrast, the nearshore communities had lower values of Shannon and Simpson indices. When compared to the FLB, the PAB exhibit a higher level of biodiversity and abundance. However, no distinct alpha and beta diversity differences were observed between the bottom, middle, and surface water layers. The community assembly analysis indicated that nearshore communities are predominantly shaped by deterministic processes, particularly due to heterogeneous selection of PAB; In contrast, offshore communities are governed more by stochastic processes, largely due to homogenizing dispersal of FLB. Consequently, the findings of this study demonstrate that nearshore and PAB communities exhibit higher levels of species diversity, while stochastic and deterministic processes exert distinct influences on communities among near- and offshore regions. This study further sheds new light on our understanding of the mechanisms governing bacterial communities in estuarine ecosystems.
The significance of clinically insignificant residual fragments after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: an analysis into the relevance of complete stone clearance
Authors: Kingma Riemer A. , Doppen Carleen , Bus Mieke T. J. , Altobelli Emanuela , de Jong Igle Jan , Roemeling Stijn 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
After treatment for kidney stones, residual fragments with a diameter of ≤ 4 mm are traditionally referred to as ‘clinically insignificant residual fragments’. We hypothesize that patients with these fragments are at an increased risk for stone-related morbidity, such as complaints, hydronephrosis, and stone regrowth, when compared to stone-free patients. This study aimed to investigate the relevance of complete stone clearance in surgical treatment of urolithiasis.

Methods
We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study. Patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy between 2015 and 2020 were included if a CT-scan was available within 6 months after the procedure, and the follow-up duration was at least 1 year. The stone-free status at the end of the first stone episode during the study period was categorized as fully stone-free, not stone-free with small residual fragments (≤ 4 mm) and not stone-free with large residual fragments (> 4 mm). Follow-up data were collected, including stone-related events and re-intervention rates.

Results
A total of 103 subjects were included with a median follow-up of 21.4 months. Stone-related events occurred in 10 (29.4%) of the fully stone-free subjects, 20 (58.8%) of the subjects with small residual fragments and 25 (71.4%) of the subjects with large residual fragments. The stone-related event-free survival per subgroup resulted in a significantly different survival distribution in a log rank test (p = 0.008).

Conclusion
A complete stone-free status seems to be of fundamental importance for decreasing stone-related morbidity. Further developments and research should focus on optimizing the full clearance of stone material during PCNL.
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations and risk of myocardial infarction and stroke: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Sjöblom Linnea , Hantikainen Essi , Bellocco Rino , Ye Weimin , Adami Hans-Olov , Trolle Lagerros Ylva , Bonn Stephanie Erika 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) are developed to prevent diet-related diseases. This study aimed to examine adherence to the NNR and risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke among women and men in Sweden.

Methods
We followed 34,898 adults from 1997 to 2016. Dietary intake was assessed once at baseline using a food frequency questionnaire. Adherence scores corresponding to NNR-editions from 2023, 2012, 2004 and 1996 were calculated. Scores were categorized into low (reference category), moderate and high adherence. Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for potential confounders were used to estimate hazards ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
We identified 1649 incident cases of MI and 2071 incident cases of stroke during follow-up (mean 17.9 years). For each 1-point increase in the NNR2023-score (range 0–9), the rate of MI decreased by 14% (HR: 0.86; 95% CI 0.78–0.95). High adherence was associated with a lower rate of MI (HR: 0.72; 95% CI 0.59–0.87) (p-trend = 0.01). Moderate adherence was associated with a lower rate of stroke (HR: 0.88; 95% CI 0.78–0.99) (p-trend = 0.31). Among women, a 23% lower rate of MI (HR: 0.77; 95% CI 0.67–0.89) was observed for each 1-point increase, and high adherence was associated with a lower rate of MI (HR: 0.59; 95% CI 0.45–0.78). No associations were found in men. The results were similar, though attenuated, for earlier NNR-editions.

Conclusion
Adherence to the NNR was associated with a reduced risk of MI. This association was more pronounced among women than among men and in more recent NNR-editions. The findings for stroke need further investigation.
A parametric study on the elastic limit stresses of rotating variable thickness orthotropic disk
Authors: Motameni Ali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the stress fields at the onset of plastic yield of variable thickness rotating orthotropic disk, which is rigidly fixed on an inclusion. In the analytical modeling of the problem, two different analytical solution methods have been displayed where small deformations have been considered with the application of plane stress conditions. Well-known power law is considered for the disk's thickness variation, and Hill’s yield criterion is applied to obtain the elastic limits. Four parameters have been utilized while analyzing the limit fields: geometric parameter to manipulate the disk thickness, orthotropy parameter from the ratio between Young's modulus in radial and tangential directions, and two parameters owing to the applied yield criteria. The effects of these parameters on the limit fields have been comprehensively examined in the numerical examples, and possible outcomes have been discussed. Additionally, using Autodesk Inventor Nastran, finite element solution of the disk is generated, analytical and numerical results have been compared, and consequently, closely matching results have been achieved.
Factors associated with increased length of stay and risk of complications in 336 patients submitted to spine surgery. The role of a validated capture system (SAVES v2) as a first-line tool to properly face the problem
Authors: Falzetti Luigi , Griffoni Cristiana , Carretta Elisa , Pezzi Andrea , Monetta Annalisa , Cavallari Carlotta , Ghermandi Riccardo , Tedesco Giuseppe , Terzi Silvia , Bandiera Stefano , Evangelisti Gisberto , Girolami Marco , Pipola Valerio , Tosini Giovanni , Noli Luigi Emanuele , Gasbarrini Alessandro , Barbanti Brodano Giovanni 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In this study, we analyzed the use of a validated capture system (Spinal Adverse Events Severity system, SAVES V2) as a first non-technical skill to properly face the relevant problem of surgical complications (SCs) and adverse events (AEs) in spinal surgery.

Methods
We retrospectively collected AEs occurring in a tertiary referral center for spine surgery from January 2017 to January 2018 and classified them according to SAVES V2 system. We compared this collection of AEs with a prospective collection performed without any classification system. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determined odds ratio (ORs) for selected potential risk factors of AEs and prolonged length of stay.

Results
Overall a higher number of AEs was retrospectively recorded using SAVES system compared to the prospective recording without the use of any capture system (97/336 vs 210/336, p < 0.001).
The length of stay (LOS) increased in the group of complicated patients for all the procedures examined. In the non-oncological group, LOS was significantly higher for complicated patients compared to uncomplicated patients (F = 44.11, p = 0.0000). Similar results have been obtained in the oncological group of patients.
In the multivariate regression model surgical time and postoperative AEs emerged as risk factors for prolonged LOS, while only the presence of previous surgeries was confirmed as risk factor for AEs.

Conclusion
Considering that the rate of AEs and SCs in spinal surgery is still high despite the improvement of technical skills, we suggest the use of SAVES V2 capture system as a first-line tool to face the problem.
Impact of poverty and adversity on perceived family support in adolescence: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Adjei Nicholas Kofi , Jonsson Kenisha Russell , Straatmann Viviane S. , Melis Gabriella , McGovern Ruth , Kaner Eileen , Wolfe Ingrid , Taylor-Robinson David C. ,   the ORACLE consortium, Barrett Simon , Tubah Sarwar , Forman Julia , Hirve Raeena , Bangisky Mary , Boulding Harriet , Hackett Simon , Fox-Rushby Julia , Muir Cassey , Sophie Kedzior , Salmon Abigail 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEmotional support from family members may have an important effect on adolescent health outcomes, and has been identified as a target for policy to protect against the impacts of poverty and other early life adversities. However, few studies have assessed the extent to which poverty and adversity themselves influence the nature of emotional support that parents can provide to adolescents. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the impact of trajectories of income poverty and family adversities, including parental mental ill health, alcohol misuse and domestic violence across childhood developmental stages on young people’s relationships with their families and perceived emotional support received. We analysed longitudinal data on 10,976 children from the nationally representative UK Millennium Cohort study. Exposure trajectories of poverty and family adversities were characterised using group-based multi-trajectory models (age 9 months–14 years). The outcomes were perceived emotional support and quality of family relationships, measured by the three-item Short Social Provisions Scale (SPS-3) and levels of parent–adolescent closeness and conflict, measured at age 14. ORs and 95% CIs were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounding factors. At age 14, the overall prevalence of low perceived emotional support was 13% (95% CI: 12, 14). Children of mothers with lower socioeconomic status (SES) were more likely to report low emotional support, with a clear social gradient (education—degree plus: 10.3% vs. no qualifications: 15.4%). Compared with children exposed to low levels of poverty and adversity, children in the persistent adversity trajectory groups experienced higher odds of low emotional support and low-quality parent–adolescent relationship; those exposed to both persistent poverty and poor parental mental health were particularly at increased risk of experiencing poor family relationships and low perceived emotional support (adjusted odds ratio 2·2; 95% CI 1·7–2·9). Low perceived emotional support and poor family relationships in adolescence are more prevalent among socially disadvantaged children and adolescents and those experiencing social adversity. Policies to improve levels of family support for UK adolescents should focus on improving modifiable determinants such as child poverty and family mental health.
Human social buffer in goats and dogs
Authors: Scandurra Anna , D’Aniello Biagio , Pero Maria Elena , Pinelli Claudia , Di Lucrezia Alfredo , Tudisco Raffaella , Iommelli Piera , Mastellone Vincenzo , Lombardi Pietro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The primary goal of this study was to explore the social buffering effect that humans offer to goats and dogs with limited exposure to human socialization, particularly in situations involving interactions with unfamiliar humans. A total of 13 dogs and 14 goats were selected for the study, all of which had limited prior socialization with humans. Each animal was placed in a testing room with unfamiliar humans for 15 min. Three experimenters aimed to establish a comfortable environment, encouraging social interaction by offering food to the animals and assessing the animals’ willingness to accept food and their response to being approached and petted. If both conditions were satisfied, the animals were classified as “social”. If one or none of the conditions were met, the animals were classified as “not social”. Cortisol levels were measured by collecting blood samples before and after the test. Non-parametric tests together with a GzLM showed that the effect of human social buffering in goats was different in comparison to dogs: goats exhibited higher cortisol levels after the test, while dogs did not show a significant change. Further analysis demonstrated that “social” goats had a lower likelihood of experiencing significant changes in cortisol levels than dogs. Thus, once human interactions are accepted, both species could benefit from social buffering. In summary, this study enhances our understanding of how dogs and goats respond to social interactions with humans in the social buffering effect.
A new perspective on positive symptoms: expression of damage or self-defence mechanism of the brain?
Authors: Antonioni Annibale , Raho Emanuela Maria , Sensi Mariachiara , Di Lorenzo Francesco , Fadiga Luciano , Koch Giacomo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUsually, positive neurological symptoms are considered as the consequence of a mere, afinalistic and abnormal increase in function of specific brain areas. However, according to the Theory of Active Inference, which argues that action and perception constitute a loop that updates expectations according to a Bayesian model, the brain is rather an explorer that formulates hypotheses and tests them to assess the correspondence between internal models and reality. Moreover, the cerebral cortex is characterised by a continuous “conflict” between different brain areas, which constantly attempt to expand in order to acquire more of the limited available computational resources, by means of their dopamine-induced neuroplasticity. Thus, it has recently been suggested that dreams, during rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), protect visual brain areas (deprived of their stimuli during rest) from being conquered by other normally stimulated ones. It is therefore conceivable that positive symptoms also have a functional importance for the brain. We evaluate supporting literature data of a ‘defensive’ role of positive symptoms and the relevance of dopamine-induced neuroplasticity in the context of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Furthermore, the possible functional significance of idiopathic REMS-related behavioural disorder as well as phantom limb syndrome is examined. We suggest that positive neurological symptoms are not merely a passive expression of a damage, but active efforts, related to dopamine-induced plasticity, to maintain a correct relationship between the external world and its brain representation, thus preventing healthy cortical areas from ousting injured ones.