bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The toxicity of herbicides to non‐target aquatic plants and algae: assessment of predictive factors and hazard
Authors: Cedergreen Nina , Streibig Jens C 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWidely used herbicides sometimes inadvertently contaminate surface waters. In this study we evaluate the toxicity of herbicides to aquatic plants and algae and relate it to environmental herbicide concentrations and exposure scenarios, herbicide formulation and mode of action. This was done experimentally for ten herbicides, using the aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor L. and the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Korshikov) Hindak, supplemented with a database study comprising algae toxicity data for 146 herbicides. The laboratory study showed that herbicide formulations in general did not enhance herbicide efficacy in the aquatic environment. The Roundup formulation of glyphosate proved to be the only exception, decreasing the EC50 of the technical product for both L. minor and P. subcapitata approximately fourfold. Comparison of the sensitivity of L. minor and P. subcapitata revealed up to 1000‐fold higher sensitivity of L. minor for the herbicides categorized as weak acids (pKa < 5), emphasizing the importance of higher plants in hazard assessment. Database analyses showed that no herbicide group, categorized by site of action, was significantly more toxic than another. Synthetic auxins were the exception as they are virtually non‐toxic to unicellular algae. There was no strong correlation between toxicity to algae and Kow of the herbicides, not even within groups having the same site of action. Evaluating all data, few herbicides were toxic at concentrations below 1 µg litre−1, which is the 99.9th percentile of the herbicide concentrations measured in the Danish surveillance programme. Joint action of several herbicides cannot however be excluded. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Ion‐assisted nanorod growth by dc magnetron sputtering
Authors: Rogov A. V. , Fanchenko S. S. , Varfolomeev A. E. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractHigh‐rate cathode growth of nanorods is observed for dc magnetron sputtering of graphite, germanium and molybdenum cathodes despite the sputtering. The growth of vertically aligned carbon nanorods using dc magnetron sputtering with deuterium as the working gas and a polycrystalline nuclear graphite cathode is reported for the first time. Two different types of carbon nanorodes are observed differing in their diameter/length ratio. High‐rate nanorod growth is also observed for the usual magnetron sputtering with argon as a working gas for molybdenum and germanium single‐crystal cathodes. The high growth rate (tens of micrometres per hour) is discussed in the context of ion‐stimulated surface mobility of the neutral atoms and their redeposition in nonhomogeneous cathode sputtering. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characteristics of single‐crystal AlN films grown on ferromagnetic metal substrates
Authors: Okamoto K. , Inoue S. , Matsuki N. , Kim T.‐W. , Fujioka H. , Oshima M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe have demonstrated the first single‐crystal growth of AlN films on Fe substrates using pulsed laser deposition and in‐vestigated their structural properties. Stepped and terraced surfaces of the Fe(110) substrates have been achieved by UHV annealing. Although a low quality AlN film, with ran‐domly oriented polycrystalline grains, grows at a substrate temperature of 510 °C, a single‐crystal AlN film is achieved by lowering the growth temperature down to 430 °C. The dis‐tributions of crystal orientations in the tilt and the twist direc‐ tions for a AlN film measured by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) are 0.26º and 0.58º, respectively. Neither 30º rotational domains nor cubic phase domains exist in the AlN films. We have also found that the intermixing reactions between AlN and the Fe substrates are fully suppressed and the heterointerface is atomically abrupt. These results indicate that low temperature PLD growth technique allows us to grow single‐crystal AlN on ferromagnetic substrates with an atomically abrupt interface. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Predictive Genetic Testing for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer: Psychological Distress and Illness Representations 1 Year Following Disclosure
Authors: Claes E , Evers‐Kiebooms G. , Denayer L. , Decruyenaere M. , Boogaerts A. , Philippe K. , Legius E. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis prospective study evaluates emotional functioning and illness representations in 68 unaffected women (34 carriers/34 noncarriers) 1 year after predictive testing for BRCA1/2 mutations when offered within a multidisciplinary approach. Carriers had higher subjective risk perception of breast cancer than noncarriers. Carriers who did not have prophylactic oophorectomy had the highest risk perception of ovarian cancer. No differences were found between carriers and noncarriers regarding perceived seriousness and perceived control of breast and ovarian cancer. Mean levels of distress were within normal ranges. Only few women showed an overall pattern of clinically elevated distress. Cancer‐specific distress and state‐anxiety significantly decreased in noncarriers from pre‐ to posttest while general distress remained about the same. There were no significant changes in distress in the group of carriers except for ovarian cancer distress which significantly decreased from pre‐ to posttest. Our study did not reveal adverse effects of predictive testing when offered in the context of a multidisciplinary approach.
Who Are the Next Generation of Genetic Counselors? A Survey of Students
Authors: Lega Melanie , Veach Patricia McCarthy , Ward Erin E. , LeRoy Bonnie S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractGenetic counseling students were surveyed about their backgrounds, application process to genetic counseling programs, and career motivations and plans. Program directors from 27 accredited programs were asked to distribute 362 surveys to students. Fifty‐two survey items assess demographics; sources of support for pursuing a genetic counseling career (information about genetic counseling, encouragement/discouragement from others); career motivations (reasons for applying and for becoming a genetic counselor); and career certainty. Two hundred and thirty‐five usable surveys were returned (64.9% usable return rate). Most respondents were Caucasian females (mean age = 25.4 years). About 13% identified as ethnic minorities, and about one‐third reported family histories of a genetic condition(s). Most respondents learned about the field in classes, and most were strongly encouraged by family and friends to pursue genetic counseling. Reasons rated as most important for becoming a genetic counselor included helping others and intellectual stimulation. Recruitment, training, and research recommendations are given.
Development and validation of the Basic Empathy Scale
Authors: Jolliffe Darrick , Farrington David P. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTIn developing the Basic Empathy Scale (BES), 40 items measuring affective and cognitive empathy were administered to 363 adolescents in Year 10 (aged about 15). Factor analysis reduced this to a 20‐item scale that was administered 1 year later to 357 different adolescents in Year 10 in the same schools. Confirmatory factor analysis verified the two‐factor solution. Females scored higher than males on both affective and cognitive empathy. Empathy was positively correlated with intelligence (for females only), extraversion (cognitive empathy only) neuroticism (affective empathy only), agreeableness, conscientiousness (for males only), and openness. Empathy was positively related to parental supervision and socioeconomic status. Adolescents who would help victims of bullying had high empathy.
Non‐invasive measurement of cardiac output by whole‐body bio‐impedance during dobutamine stress echocardiography: Clinical implications in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and ischaemia
Authors: Leitman Marina , Sucher Edgar , Kaluski Edo , Wolf Ruth , Peleg Eli , Moshkovitz Yaron , Milo‐Cotter Olga , Vered Zvi , Cotter Gad 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectives:To compare non‐invasive determination of cardiac index (CI) by whole body electrical bioimpedance using the NICaS apparatus and Doppler echocardiography, and the role of cardiac power index (Cpi) and total peripheral resistance index (TPRi) calculation during dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE).Subjects and methods:We enrolled 60 consecutive patients undergoing DSE. Patients were prospectively divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (n=20): normal DSE (control). Group 2 (n=20): EF<40% without significant ischaemia. Group 3 (n=20): patients with significant ischaemia on DSE. Measurements of CI were performed at the end of each stage of DSE by both echocardiographic left ventricular outflow track flow and the NICaS apparatus, using whole‐body bio‐impedance. MAP was measured simultaneously and TPRi and Cpi were calculated.Results:The correlation between non‐invasive CI as determined by NICaS and echocardiography was 0.81, although Echocardiographic readings of CI were higher during administration of higher doses of dobutamine. Lower EF correlated with lower Cpi, especially stress induced Cpi. Hence, patients with reduced EF (group 2) had a blunted increase in Cpi during stress. Patients with ischaemia (group 3) had a blunted increase in Cpi as well as a decrease in Cpi and increase in TPRi during the last stages of DSE.Conclusion:Measurement of CI by NICaS correlated well with Doppler derived CI. The calculation of Cpi and TPRi changes during dobutamine stress may provide important clinical information.
Analysis of juvenile North Atlantic albacore (Thunnus alalunga) catch per unit effort by surface gears in relation to environmental variables
Authors: Goñi Nicolas , Arrizabalaga Haritz 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The relationship between the catch per unit effort (cpue) of trolling and baitboat fisheries targeting juvenile North Atlantic albacore (Thunnus alalunga, Bonnaterre, 1788) and several environmental variables was studied. A multiple linear regression and a generalized least squares model (GLS) showed a significant negative relationship between age 2 albacore trolling and baitboat cpue, and the average agitation of the sea and the duration of insolation. No clear relationship was found between the juvenile albacore cpue and sea surface temperature, precipitation, and NAO or Gulf Stream Index. Underlying processes that could explain the negative effect of agitation and insolation are discussed, especially relating to the habitat of age 2 albacore above the seasonal thermocline. Results highlight the necessity of considering environmental variables in the standardization of albacore cpue series used for calibrating age-structured stock assessments.
A comparison of four screening methods for cervical neoplasia
Authors: Wu SuFang , Meng Li , Wang ShiXuan , Ma Ding 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the sensitivity and accuracy of 4 screening methods for cervical neoplasia. Methods: Cervical samples from 450 women were evaluated for human papillomavirus DNA with a second‐generation hybridization assay. Visual inspection, colposcopy, and liquid‐based cytology were also performed for 273 of these women. The sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), Youden index, and κ value of the different screening methods were compared. Results: Liquid‐based cytology was superior in specificity (98.63%) and PPV (92.86%) to visual inspection and colposcopy, while human papillomavirus DNA testing was superior in sensitivity (88.89%) and NPV (97.10%) to visual inspection and colposcopy. The best concordance with histologic findings was achieved by using both liquid‐based cytology and viral DNA hybridization. Conclusion: Visual inspection and colposcopy should not be used when screening for early stage cervical lesions. The DNA hybridization assay is the best choice in primary screening, if available. Screening should begin at the age of 20 years.
Using a market‐utility‐based approach to designing public services: A case illustration from United States Forest Service
Authors: Verma Rohit , Louviere Jordan J. , Burke Paul 
Published: September 2005

AbstractGovernment and public services have to not only enforce the requirements of the regulatory policies, but also have to satisfy the needs of preferences of their clients and customers. In this paper, we summarize the results of a multi‐year case study conducted to assess the choices of campground users at the Shawnee National Forest (Illinois), which is managed by United States Forest Service. The results show how users’ tradeoff between location, capacity‐related and pricing attributes when choosing a campground. The case study provides guidance for design and development of new services and more effective management of effective resources within the national forest.
Zeta function of representations of compact 𝑝-adic analytic groups
Authors: Jaikin-Zapirain A. 
Published: September 2005

Let

G
G

be an FAb compact

p
p

-adic analytic group and suppose that

p
>
2

p>2

or

p
=
2

p=2

and

G
G

is uniform. We prove that there are natural numbers

n
1

,
…
,

n
k

n_1, \ldots , n_k

and functions

f
1

(

p

−
s

)
,
…
,

f
k

(

p

−
s

)

f_1(p^{-s}),\ldots , f_k(p^{-s})

rational in

p

−
s

p^{-s}

such that
\[

ζ
G

(
s
)
=

∑

λ
∈
Irr
⁡
(
G
)

λ
(
1

)

−
s

=

∑

i
=
1

k

n
i

−
s

f
i

(

p

−
s

)
.

\zeta ^G(s)=\sum _{\lambda \in \operatorname {Irr}(G)} \lambda (1) ^{-s}=\sum _{i=1}^kn_i^{-s}f_i(p^{-s}).

\]
The Strigolactone Germination Stimulants of the Plant-ParasiticStrigaandOrobanchespp. Are Derived from the Carotenoid Pathway
Authors: Matusova Radoslava , Rani Kumkum , Verstappen Francel W.A. , Franssen Maurice C.R. , Beale Michael H. , Bouwmeester Harro J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe seeds of parasitic plants of the genera Striga and Orobanche will only germinate after induction by a chemical signal exuded from the roots of their host. Up to now, several of these germination stimulants have been isolated and identified in the root exudates of a series of host plants of both Orobanche and Striga spp. In most cases, the compounds were shown to be isoprenoid and belong to one chemical class, collectively called the strigolactones, and suggested by many authors to be sesquiterpene lactones. However, this classification was never proven; hence, the biosynthetic pathways of the germination stimulants are unknown. We have used carotenoid mutants of maize (Zea mays) and inhibitors of isoprenoid pathways on maize, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and assessed the effects on the root exudate-induced germination of Striga hermonthica and Orobanche crenata. Here, we show that for these three host and two parasitic plant species, the strigolactone germination stimulants are derived from the carotenoid pathway. Furthermore, we hypothesize how the germination stimulants are formed. We also discuss this finding as an explanation for some phenomena that have been observed for the host-parasitic plant interaction, such as the effect of mycorrhiza on S. hermonthica infestation.
Nod Factors Induce Nod Factor Cleaving Enzymes in Pea Roots. Genetic and Pharmacological Approaches Indicate Different Activation Mechanisms
Authors: Ovtsyna Alexandra O. , Dolgikh Elena A. , Kilanova Alexandra S. , Tsyganov Viktor E. , Borisov Alexey Y. , Tikhonovich Igor A. , Staehelin Christian 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Establishment of symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia requires bacterial Nod factors (NFs). The concentration of these lipochitooligosaccharides in the rhizosphere is influenced by plant enzymes. NFs induce on pea (Pisum sativum) a particular extracellular NF hydrolase that releases lipodisaccharides from NFs from Sinorhizobium meliloti. Here, we investigated the ability of non-nodulating pea mutants to respond to NodRlv factors (NFs from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae) with enhanced NF hydrolase activity. Mutants defective in the symbiotic genes sym10, sym8, sym19, and sym9/sym30 did not exhibit any stimulation of the NF hydrolase, indicating that the enzyme is induced via an NF signal transduction pathway that includes calcium spiking (transient increases in intracellular Ca2+ levels). Interestingly, the NF hydrolase activity in these sym mutants was even lower than in wild-type peas, which were not pretreated with NodRlv factors. Activation of the NF hydrolase in wild-type plants was a specific response to NodRlv factors. The induction of the NF hydrolase was blocked by α-amanitin, cycloheximide, tunicamycin, EGTA, U73122, and calyculin A. Inhibitory effects, albeit weaker, were also found for brefeldin A, BHQ and ethephon. In addition to this NF hydrolase, NFs and stress-related signals (ethylene and salicylic acid) stimulated a pea chitinase that released lipotrisaccharides from pentameric NFs from S. meliloti. NodRlv factors failed to stimulate the chitinase in mutants defective in the sym10 and sym8 genes, whereas other mutants (e.g. mutated in the sym19 gene) retained their ability to increase the chitinase activity. These findings indicate that calcium spiking is not implicated in stimulation of the chitinase. We suggest that downstream of Sym8, a stress-related signal transduction pathway branches off from the NF signal transduction pathway.
Allelic Series of Four Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes at the Pm3 Locus in Hexaploid Bread Wheat
Authors: Srichumpa Payorm , Brunner Susanne , Keller Beat , Yahiaoui Nabila 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
At the Pm3 locus in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum), 10 alleles conferring race-specific resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) are known. A cluster of genes encoding coiled-coil–nucleotide-binding site–leucine-rich repeat proteins spans the Pm3 locus on wheat chromosome 1A, and one member of this gene family has recently been identified as the Pm3b resistance gene. Using molecular markers closely linked to Pm3b, we performed haplotype analysis of 10 lines carrying different Pm3 alleles. All these lines have a conserved genomic region delimited by markers cosegregating with Pm3b and including a structurally conserved Pm3b-like gene. A polymerase chain reaction–based strategy allowed the amplification of one Pm3b-like sequence from lines carrying Pm3a, Pm3d, and Pm3f alleles. These candidate genes for Pm3a, Pm3d, and Pm3f conferred AvrPm3a-, AvrPm3d-, and AvrPm3f-dependent resistance, respectively, to wheat powdery mildew in a single cell transient transformation assay. A high level of amino acid similarity (97.8%) was found between the PM3A, PM3B, PM3D, and PM3F proteins. The coiled-coil domain was 100% conserved, whereas, in the nucleotide binding site region, sequence exchange was detected, indicating intragenic recombination or gene conversion between alleles. All these results indicate that Pm3a, Pm3b, Pm3d, and Pm3f form a true allelic series. The low level of sequence divergence between the four characterized alleles as well as the finding of a conserved Pm3 haplotype are in agreement with the hypothesis of a recent evolution of Pm3-based resistance, suggesting that some or most of the diversity found at the Pm3 locus in modern wheat has evolved after wheat domestication.
Genetic and Physiological Architecture of Early Vigor in Aegilops tauschii, the D-Genome Donor of Hexaploid Wheat. A Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis
Authors: ter Steege Margreet W. , den Ouden Franka M. , Lambers Hans , Stam Piet , Peeters Anton J.M. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Plant growth can be studied at different organizational levels, varying from cell, leaf, and shoot to the whole plant. The early growth of seedlings is important for the plant's establishment and its eventual success. Wheat (Triticum aestivum, genome AABBDD) seedlings exhibit a low early growth rate or early vigor. The germplasm of wheat is limited. Wild relatives constitute a source of genetic variation. We explored the physiological and genetic relationships among a range of early vigor traits in Aegilops tauschii, the D-genome donor. A genetic map was constructed with amplified fragment-length polymorphism and simple sequence repeat markers, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was performed on the F4 population of recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between contrasting accessions. The genetic map consisted of 10 linkage groups, which were assigned to the seven chromosomes and covered 68% of the D genome. QTL analysis revealed 87 mapped QTLs (log of the odds &gt;2.65) in clusters, 3.1 QTLs per trait, explaining 32% of the phenotypic variance. Chromosomes 1D, 4D, and 7D harbored QTLs for relative growth rate, biomass allocation, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, and unit leaf rate. Chromosome 2D covered QTLs for rate and duration of leaf elongation, cell production rate, and cell length. Chromosome 5D harbored QTLs for the total leaf mass and area and growth rate of the number of leaves and tillers. The results show that several physiological correlations between growth traits have a genetic basis. Genetic links between traits are not absolute, opening perspectives for identification of favorable alleles in A. tauschii to improve early vigor in wheat.
Changes in Transcriptional Profiles Are Associated with Early Fruit Tissue Specialization in Tomato
Authors: Lemaire-Chamley Martine , Petit Johann , Garcia Virginie , Just Daniel , Baldet Pierre , Germain Véronique , Fagard Mathilde , Mouassite Mariam , Cheniclet Catherine , Rothan Christophe 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe cell expansion phase contributes in determining the major characteristics of a fleshy fruit and represents two-thirds of the total fruit development in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). So far, it has received very little attention. To evaluate the interest of a genomic scale approach, we performed an initial sequencing of approximately 1,200 cell expansion stage-related sequence tags from tomato fruit at 8, 12, and 15 d post anthesis. Interestingly, up to approximately 35% of the expressed sequence tags showed no homology with available tomato expressed sequence tags and up to approximately 21% with any known gene. Microarrays spotted with expansion phase-related cDNAs and other fruit cDNAs involved in various developmental processes were used (1) to profile gene expression in developing fruit and other plant organs and (2) to compare two growing fruit tissues engaged mostly in cell division (exocarp) or in cell expansion (locular tissue surrounding the seeds). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis was further used to confirm microarray results and to specify expression profiles of selected genes (24) in various tissues from expanding fruit. The wide range of genes expressed in the exocarp is consistent with a protective function and with a high metabolic activity of this tissue. In addition, our data show that the expansion of locular cells is concomitant with the expression of genes controlling water flow, organic acid synthesis, sugar storage, and photosynthesis and suggest that hormones (auxin and gibberellin) regulate this process. The data presented provide a basis for tissue-specific analyses of gene function in growing tomato fruit.