bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syngeneic consecutive rat spleen transplantation bearing infantile testis
Authors: Lee S. , Yoo C.H. , Hong I.C. , Bai S. , Nam S. , Lee D. , Sileshi B. , Nozawa M. , Niewiadomski S. , Fazi M. , Wolf P. , Tatum T. , Gittes R.F. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSeventy‐seven Lewis adult rats received autologous testicular implants in the spleen. These spleens were retransplanted in a consecutive transplant fashion as we described earlier. Some were observed as long as 26 to 27 months. Although earlier splenic‐testicular transplants showed benign granulosa cell tumors, some of the long‐term follow‐ups showed a seminoma‐like transformation. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:166–169 2001
Rat auxiliary liver transplantation without portal vein reconstruction: Comparison with the portal vein‐arterialized model
Authors: Rong Xiu Dian , Hishikawa Shuuji , Sato Munekatu , Nagai Hideo , Uchida Hiroo , Kobayashi Eiji 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAuxiliary liver transplantation (ALT) has been reintroduced in clinical cases recently and is now believed to be a viable alternative to orthotopic liver transplantation. To provide a simple rat ALT model for studying the physiological and immunological aspects of the ALT graft, a new ALT was performed, and the comparison between this new model and the portal arterialized one that was reported by other investigators was carried out. At first, we confirmed that liver could tolerate the deprivation of its portal flow well, using a portosystemic shunted rat model. The new rat ALT model, in which the ALT graft obtained its blood inflow only from the hepatic artery, was then performed. Our results demonstrated that 50% of the hepatic artery‐alone ALT graft showed almost normal structure histologically at 1 month after grafting, with bile secretion preserved. By contrast, only 8% 1‐month graft survival was noted in the portal arterialized group, and all grafts stopped bile secretion 1 week after operation. In conclusion, with arterial blood supply alone, the ALT graft survived and demonstrated normal bile secretion function for more than 1 month. Portal vein arterialization is not an appropriate way to establish the graft's blood supply if no pressure adjustment measures were taken in advance. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 21:169–195 2001
Horseradish peroxidase retrograde labeling of primary sensory neurons: A comparison of four intraspinal applicaton methods
Authors: Dam‐Hieu Phong , Liu Song , Bonnard Anne‐Sophie , Tadie Marc 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to optimize the methods of retrograde labeling of sensory neurons in demonstrating the continuity of post‐ganglionic primary sensory axons. This was accomplished by comparing four different methods of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) application into the lower thoracic spinal cord of adult rats (level T11). HRP application with a piece of Gelfoam via a dorsal myelotomy (group 1, n = 8), stereotactic injections with a 0.72‐mm tip diameter needle (group 2, n = 8), with a 0.24‐mm tip needle (group 3, n = 8), and with a 0.08‐mm tip glass micropipette (group 4, n = 5). Histological examination of the application site showed that the extent of spinal cord injury was directly proportional to the diameter of the needle tip. The mean number of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons retrogradely stained by HRP differed among the four experimental groups: 77 ± 45 (SEM) per DRG in group 1, 106 ± 24 in group 2, 652 ± 90 in group 3, and 238 ± 60 in group 4. A significant difference was found between group 3 and the other ones (P < 0.05). Intraspinal injection of HRP with a fine needle (0.24‐mm tip diameter) using a stereotactic approach can achieve effective and reliable retrograde labeling of primary sensory neurons. This reproducible method may be useful in studies dealing with regeneration of post‐ganglionic primary sensory axons. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 21:214–220 2001
Insulin growth factor‐1 decreases muscle atrophy following denervation
Authors: Day Charles S. , Buranapanitkit Boonsin , Riano Felix A. , Tomaino Matthew M. , Somogyi George , Sotereanos Dean G. , Kuroda Ryosuke , Huard Johnny 
Published: September 2002

AbstractDespite modern microsurgical techniques for nerve repair, functional outcome following proximal injury is often unsatisfactory because irreversible muscle atrophy may develop before reinnervation occurs. Because insulin growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) has been shown to improve muscle regeneration after injury, and may have a role in muscle preservation following denervation, the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the histological, immunohistochemical, and electrophysiological differences between normal, denervated, and IGF‐1‐injected denervated muscle over an 8‐week period. Denervated mice gastrocnemius muscles demonstrated a decrease in muscle weight, a decrease in myofiber diameter, an absence of muscle regeneration, an early increase in the number of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), and a decrease in fast‐twitch and maximum tetanic strength as compared to normal muscle up to 8 weeks following denervation. IGF‐1‐injected denervated muscle, on the other hand, sustained muscle diameter and muscle weight, maintained a smaller number of NMJs, and relatively sustained fast‐twitch and maximum tetanic strength as compared to normal muscle over 8 weeks. These data suggest that IGF‐1 may help prevent muscle atrophy and secondary functional compromise after denervation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:144–151 2002
Skeletal fixation in digital replantation
Authors: Sud Vipul , Freeland Alan E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAlthough the primary objective of replantation is revascularization and ultimately viability of the amputated digit(s), skeletal stabilization is an important cornerstone of the composite repair and reconstructive process. If performed rapidly and securely, anatomic (or near anatomic) fracture reduction and fixation may contribute profoundly to the protection of the revascularization and the repair or reconstruction of nerves, tendons, and integument; reliable fracture healing; functional restoration; and final outcome. Conversely, less than anatomic (or near anatomic) reduction or unreliable and insecure fixation may deter successful early revascularization and, later, good function. This article reviews the various methods of fracture stabilization that may be employed, and their advantages and disadvantages. We believe that anatomic (or near anatomic) fracture reduction, reliable and stable fracture fixation, minimal additional dissection, and early active range‐of‐motion exercises will have a substantial effect on both viability and functional outcome in digital replantation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:165–171 2002
Spectral properties and time asymptotic behaviour of linear transport equations in slab geometry
Authors: Latrach Khalid , Dehici Abdelkader 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to analyse some spectral properties of time‐dependent monoenergetic linear transport equation with perfect reflecting boundary conditions.It is proved that the streaming operator generates a strongly continuous group and its explicit expression is derived. This enables us to investigate in details the compactness properties of the second‐order remainder term of the Dyson–Phillips expansion for a large class of collision operators. The validity of the obtained results for perfect periodic boundary conditions is also discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A rigorous modal cutoff analysis of plastic‐clad parabolic cylindrical waveguides: Maxwell's field approach
Authors: Choudhury P. K. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractUsing Maxwell's field equation, an analytical treatment is presented of a step‐index parabolic cylindrical waveguide. The waveguide materials are chosen such that there remains an appreciable difference between the refractive‐index values of the guiding and nonguiding regions, and a strong guidance of electromagnetic waves can perform. Moreover, the chosen materials are in use in the fabrication of low‐cost optical waveguides. The cutoff eigenvalue equation for the waveguide modes is derived under this rigorous condition. Further, no approximations for fields are used in the analysis. A comparison of the results is made with that published earlier on this problem. The analysis shows that the guide supports a fewer number of modes, which is an indication of the possible applications of these guides in optical communications and other related areas. Due to the waveguide geometry, the guide loses its well‐defined discreteness, and a kind of mode bunching is attained; the bunching tendency of modes is found to be much more prominent in this rigorous approach. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 151–156, 2001.
A conical‐pattern annular‐ring microstrip antenna with a photonic bandgap ground plane
Authors: Lin Shun‐Yun , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA probe‐fed annular‐ring microstrip antenna with a photonic bandgap (PBG) ground plane operating in the higher order mode of TM21for conical‐pattern radiation is experimentally demonstrated. The antenna studied is printed on a thin FR4 substrate (relative permittivity 4.4) and, owing to the PBG ground plane used, significant improvements in the antenna performances are observed. The obtained impedance bandwidth is doubled, and the antenna gain is enhanced by about 7 dBi. Details of the experimental results are presented and discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 159–161, 2001.
Analysis of microstrip discontinuity by edge‐based FEM combined with SOC technique
Authors: Chen R. S. , Wang,and D. X. , Yung Edward K. N. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this paper, the application of the edge‐based vector finite‐element method combined with the short‐open calibration (SOC) technique to three‐dimensional microstrip discontinuity is presented. This SOC technique is directly accommodated in the FEM algorithm, and is used to truncate the computational domain. The developed FEM algorithm is applied to the modeling of microstrip discontinuities that can be segmented into two distinct sections: a static model of feedlines, and a dynamic model of circuit discontinuity. The FEM is formulated in such a way that the port voltages and currents are explicitly represented through relevant network matrices. The SOC technique is used to remove or separate unwanted parasitic errors brought by the approximation of the impressed voltage source, and also to address the problem of the resulting consistency between different simulations. Truncation of the computational domain by the SOC technique for microstrip circuits makes the iterative solvers for large‐sparse linear matrix equations from the FEM converge much faster than by perfectly matching layers (PMLs). Results for microstrip discontinuities are very well compared with available publications. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 169–174, 2001.
Four‐element TEM horn array for radiating ultra‐wideband electromagnetic pulses
Authors: Wang Jianguo , Tian Chunming , Luo Genxin , Chen Yusheng , Ge Debiao 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this paper, ultra‐wideband arrays using interconnected transverse electromagnetic (TEM) horns are studied. The paper analyzes the radiation characteristics of four‐element arrays using the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method. The computed results for arrays are compared with those for the single TEM horn and two‐element array. Some properties of the four‐element array, such as the input impedance, voltage standing‐wave ratio, and energy pattern, are presented in this paper. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 190–194, 2001.
Modeling of multiple scattering among vias in planar waveguides using Foldy–Lax equations
Authors: Tsang Leung , Chen Houfei , Huang Chung‐Chi , Jandhyala Vikram 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe full‐wave solution of multiple scattering among cylindrical vias in planar waveguides is modeled by using Foldy–Lax equations. By using the equivalence principle, the coupling among traces with many vias is decomposed into interior and exterior problems. For the interior problem, the dyadic Green's function is expressed in terms of vector cylindrical waves and waveguide modes. The Foldy–Lax equations of multiple scattering among the cylindrical vias are calculated. The waveguide modes are decoupled in the Foldy–Lax equations. The scattering matrix of coupling among vias is calculated. Numerical simulations of the scattering matrix are illustrated for several hundred vias. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 201–208, 2001.
Dual‐polarized dielectric resonator antennas
Authors: Huang Chih‐Yu , Chiou Tzung‐Wern , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTwo feeding designs for achieving dual orthogonal linear polarization operations of dielectric resonator (DR) antennas fed by microstrip lines are demonstrated. The microstrip feedlines can be placed directly under the DR or conformal to the surface of the DR. Good dual‐polarization excitation can be obtained for the two feeding designs. Experimental results for the return loss, isolation between two feeding ports, and radiation patterns are presented and discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 222–223, 2001.
Grating structures with symmetric fractionally organized gaps
Authors: Barbosa Carmem L. , Cazo Rogério M. , Hattori Haroldo T. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIt is well known that grating structures with subgratings separated by small identical gaps (for example, quarter‐wavelength gaps) create a transmission window in the middle of the reflectivity spectrum. In this paper, we analyze structures with mirror symmetry with respect to their centers, but with gaps at both ends that continuously decrease toward their centers. These structures exhibit several dips in the central lobe of the reflectivity spectrum, with spectral properties (linewidths, spectral spacing between dips, etc.) dependent upon the design parameters of the subgratings (length, period, and magnitude of the modulation of the core refractive index). In a special case, the spectral separation between two dips in the main lobe can be controlled by adequately changing these parameters. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 223–229, 2001.
Simulation study of thermal effects in bistable laser diodes
Authors: Madhan M. Ganesh , Vaya P. R. , Gunasekaran N. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the hysterisis behavior, threshold current, and threshold voltage of a bistable laser diode are studied by simulating its equivalent electrical circuit, developed from the rate equations. Simulations are carried out using the circuit analysis program PSPICE. The study shows that the forward threshold current, hystersis width, and threshold voltage vary exponentially with temperature. Further, the transient temperature variation in the active region due to pulsed input is also analyzed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 233–237, 2001.
Successful therapy of subcutaneously growing human hepatoblastoma xenografts with topotecan*
Authors: Warmann Steven W. , Fuchs Jörg , Wilkens Ludwig , Gratz Klaus Friedrich , von Schweinitz Dietrich , Mildenberger Hermann 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundHuman hepatoblastoma is an infrequent liver tumor in children. Although many hepatoblastomas can be treated adequately with well‐defined treatment regimens, problems still persist with advanced and non‐resectable tumors; in these cases, an effective chemotherapy is necessary to improve the patients' prognosis. This underlines the need for alternative anti‐tumor agents in the treatment of human hepatoblastoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of topotecan, a water‐soluble camptothecin analog (topoisomerase‐I‐antagonist), in an in vivo model of three human hepatoblastomas xenografted subcutaneously into nude mice.ProcedureHepatoblastoma cell suspensions from three children were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice NMRI (nu/nu). Treatment with topotecan was initiated when the tumors reached a volume between 50 and 80 mm3. A dose of 6.6 mg/kg of topotecan were given intraperitoneally every 4 days on four occasions. The tumor volume development and α‐fetoprotein alterations were measured and statistically analyzed. After the treatment, the tumors were investigated histologically and by immunhistochemistry.ResultsThere was a significant reduction of tumor growth in all treated tumor xenografts vs. untreated control groups (mean relative volume 3.1 vs. 47.4; P = 0,0015–0,0079). Serum α‐fetoprotein levels were reduced in all three cell lines, in two of them significantly (mean 44,535 kU/l vs. 228,883 kU/l; P = 0.005–0.246). Histologically, the tumor necrosis rates were higher and immunhistochemistry showed lower proliferation activities in the treated tumor xenografts vs. the control groups.ConclusionThe data show that topotecan is an effective agent in the treatment of human hepatoblastoma xenografts. From these results, treatment with topotecan appears to be a promising alternative in the pre‐ and postoperative therapy of patients suffering from human hepatoblastoma. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001;37:449–454. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunohistochemical detection of p53 protein expression as a prognostic indicator in Wilms tumor
Authors: Sredni Simone Treiger , de Camargo Beatriz , Lopes Luiz Fernando , Teixeira Roberto , Simpson Andrew 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundMutations of the tumor suppressor gene p53 are commonly found in several kinds of human cancer. In some types of neoplasms, accumulation of p53 protein has been reported to correlate with more aggressive clinical behavior. The role of p53 expression in Wilms tumors (WT) is not clear yet, but most studies have confirmed its correlation with anaplasia and advanced stage disease.ProcedureNinety‐seven WT were evaluated for p53 expression by immunohistochemistry in formalin‐fixed parafin‐embedded tissue and correlated with outcome. Tumors were classified as p53‐Negative (p53‐N) when no positivity was observed or only few cells showed weak positivity (0/1+) and p53‐Positive (p53‐P) when there was a diffuse and strong nuclear positivity (2+/3+).Resultsp53‐P was detected in 13 out of 97 tumors and was associated with disease relapse (39 vs.17%; P = 0.06) but not with anaplasia. Among p53‐N patients only 5% had metastatic disease compared with 31% of the p53‐P sample. (P = 0.038). Overall survival was 94% for patients with p53‐N vs. 85% for patients with p53‐P at 1 year (P = 0.34).Conclusionsp53 expression in Wilms tumor detected by immunohistochemistry seems to be associated with advanced disease and relapse. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001;37:455–458. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New approach to gridding using regularization and estimation theory
Authors: Rosenfeld Daniel 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWhen sampling under time‐varying gradients, data is acquired over a non‐equally spaced grid in k‐space. The most computationally efficient method of reconstruction is first to interpolate the data onto a Cartesian grid, enabling the subsequent use of the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). The most commonly used interpolation technique is called gridding, and is comprised of four steps: precompensation, convolution with a Kaiser‐Bessel window, IFFT, and postcompensation. Recently, the author introduced a new gridding method called Block Uniform ReSampling (BURS), which is both optimal and efficient. The interpolation coefficients are computed by solving a set of linear equations using singular value decomposition (SVD). BURS requires neither the pre‐ nor the postcompensation steps, and resamples onto an n × n grid rather than the 2n × 2n matrix required by conventional gridding. This significantly decreases the computational complexity. Several authors have reported that although the BURS algorithm is very accurate, it is also sensitive to noise. As a consequence, even in the presence of a low level of measurement noise, the resulting image is often highly contaminated with noise. In this work, the origin of the noise sensitivity is traced back to the potentially ill‐posed matrix inversion performed by BURS. Two approaches to the solution are presented. The first uses regularization theory to stabilize the inversion process. The second formulates the interpolation as an estimation problem, and employs estimation theory for the solution. The new algorithm, called rBURS, contains a regularization parameter, which is used to trade off the accuracy of the result against the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). The results of the new method are compared with those obtained using conventional gridding via simulations. For the SNR performance of conventional gridding, it is shown that the rBURS algorithm exhibits equal or better accuracy. This is achieved at a decreased computational cost compared to conventional gridding. Magn Reson Med 48:193–202, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Motion correction using the k‐space phase difference of orthogonal acquisitions
Authors: Welch Edward Brian , Felmlee Joel P. , Ehman Richard L. , Manduca Armando 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRigid body translations of an object in MRI create image artifacts along the phase‐encode (PE) direction in standard 2DFT imaging. If two images are acquired with swapped PE direction, it is possible to determine and correct for arbitrary in‐plane translational interview motions in both images directly from phase differences in the k‐space acquisitions by solving a large system of linear equations. For example, if one assumes two N × N 2D acquisitions with in‐plane translational interview motion, 4N unknown motions may corrupt the two images, but the phase difference at each point in k‐space yields a system of N2 equations in these 4N unknowns. If the acquisitions have orthogonal PE directions, this highly overdetermined system of equations can be solved to provide the motion records, which in turn can be used to correct the motion artifacts in each image. The theory of this orthogonal k‐space phase difference (ORKPHAD) technique is described, and results are presented for synthetic and in vivo motion‐corrupted data sets. In all cases, the data showed clear improvement of translation‐induced artifacts. These methods do not require special pulse sequences and are theoretically generalizable to partial Fourier imaging and 3D acquisitions. Magn Reson Med 48:147–156, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.