bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of Copper and Chromium by Aspergillus carbonarius
Authors: Al‐Asheh Sameer , Duvnjak Zdravko 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAspergillus carbonarius NRC 401121 adsorbs some copper and chromium from their solutions. The amount of the adsorbed metal per unit of biomass increased with a decrease in the biomass concentration. The increases in the initial concentrations of metals and pH of the solutions resulted in an increase in copper and chromium uptake. The optimum temperature for copper uptake was 25 °C. Heating of the biomass prior to utilizing it in the adsorption tests decreased its metal adsorption capacity. Preincubation of the biomass with glucose enhanced the metal adsorption. The optimum glucose concentration in this process was 0.1%.
Growth Enhancement of Anchorage‐Dependent and Anchorage‐Independent Cells by Coimmobilization of Insulin with Poly(allylamine) or Gelatin
Authors: Zheng Ji , Ito Yoshihiro , Imanishi Yukio 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAn anchorage‐dependent cell, mouse fibroblast STO cell and an anchorage‐independent cell, K562 cell, were cultured on a polymer membrane coimmobilized with insulin and adhesion factors, poly(allylamine), and gelatin. The former is cationic and electrostatically (non‐biospecifically) enhances cell adhesion, and the latter is a hydrolyzate of collagen and biospecifically enhances cell adhesion. They were immobilized onto a surface‐hydrolyzed poly(methyl methacrylate) membrane by water‐soluble carbodiimide. The adhesion of both STO and K562 cells was accelerated by the immobilization of poly(allylamine) or gelatin. The insulin immobilization did not affect adhesion of either cell. Although the growth of STO cells was enhanced on the insulin‐immobilized membrane, the growth of K562 cells was not. However, the coimmobilization of insulin and a cell‐adhesion factor accelerated growth of both cells. It was considered that an increased frequency of interaction between the immobilized insulin and the receptor led to the cell growth acceleration.
Chemiluminescence‐Based Inhibition Kinetics of Alkaline Phosphatase in the Development of a Pesticide Biosensor
Authors: Ayyagari Madhu S. , Kanitekar Sanjay , Pande Rajiv , Marx Kenneth A. , Kumar Jayant , Tripathy Sukant K. , Akkara Joseph , Kaplan David L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe use and application of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase in a chemiluminescence assay are discussed. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of a macrocyclic phosphate compound generating a chemiluminescence signal. On the basis of inhibition of this signal, a methodology for the detection and quantitation of organophosphorus‐based pesticides has been developed. The methodology is studied with alkaline phosphatase in the bulk aqueous phase, and detection of the signal is accomplished by a simple optical setup. Parts per billion level detection of paraoxon and methyl parathion in bulk solutions is achieved. The technique is rapid and sensitive and is applicable to the detection of most organophosphorus‐based pesticides. The results from kinetic studies indicate a mixed type of inhibition of the enzyme by paraoxon and methyl parathion. The detection methodology forms an integral part of a biosensor under development and is adaptable to incorporating optical fibers for remote detection of pesticides.
Evaluation of surgical margins in melanocytic lesions: a survey among 152 dermatopathologists
Authors: Sellheyer Klaus , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Stewart Emily , Roberson Gerald , Hammel Jeffrey 
Published: March 2005

Background:  Although guidelines are established for reporting tissue specimens of melanomas, such guidelines are not available for reporting surgical margins of benign melanocytic lesions.Methods:  We surveyed 582 members of the American Society of Dermatopathology via a web‐based questionnaire to evaluate the practice of reporting surgical margins in melanocytic lesions. We were especially interested if the evaluation of margins differs depending on the surgical technique used (shave, punch, and excision) and on the type of melanocytic lesion encountered.Results:  One hundred and fifty‐two surveys (26.1%) were returned. Only 32.2% of the dermatopathologists comment routinely on margins of shaved melanocytic nevi and only 33.6% report margins in punch biopsies. More dermatopathologists (57.2%) routinely evaluate excision specimens of melanocytic nevi for margins but still almost half of the survey participants do not report margins in such a common clinical scenario. In contrast, routine evaluation for margins in excised melanomas is high (93.4%). Participants who use the terminology of dysplastic nevi evaluate margins more often and the reporting correlates with the degree of dysplasia. Asked for the terminology used to comment on surgical margins in melanocytic lesions, we observed a great variability in language.Conclusions:  Although clinicians commonly request margin evaluation in melanocytic lesions, dermatopathologists often seem to be reluctant to do so depending on the type of procedure used to remove the lesion. There is a great variability in practice and terminology of when and how to report surgical margins in melanocytic skin lesions.
Vapor‐Phase‐Deposited Diamond—Problems and Potential
Authors: Yarbrough Walter A. 
Published: March 2005

Considerable progress has been made toward the goal of diamond synthesis by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This progress consists of improved methods for synthesis and understanding how diamond is formed. The field has rapidly expanded with industrial consortia, international joint ventures, specialized journals, novel methods for synthesis and processing, and the introduction of new products. Despite this expansion, many issues remain unresolved, generating considerable debate within the research community. Among these debates is the question of how diamond is formed. Both thermodynamics and kinetics are frequently debated at the many world‐wide meetings on this technology. The resolution of these issues awaits further progress and, with improved understanding, may have implications for the synthesis of other ceramic materials. The diamond research community includes not only ceramists and other materials scientists, but specialists in subjects that range from chemistry and chemical engineering to solid‐state physics and electrical engineering. Crystals are grown using methods that range from the use of high‐power plasmas and the combustion of acetylene in oxygen to the thermal decomposition of fluorocarbons and various hydrocarbons in the presence of fluorine. Although some evidence exists for diamond heteroepitaxy, the goal of large‐area heteroepitaxial diamond has proved elusive.Thick (> 100 μm), free‐standing, polycrystalline diamond layers are being grown, and their properties rival those of natural crystals. Methods have been developed for the cutting, polishing, and brazing of diamond, and products are being tested in the marketplace. Engineering of the diamond–substrate interface for acceptable adhesion and reliability has progressed, although much work remains to be done. The central issues for commercialization are less the question of whether diamond can be grown in sufficient amounts or with sufficiently attractive properties, but rather whether the fabrication methods can be made sufficiently cost‐effective for the markets envisioned.
Refractory Lining for Alumina Electrolytic Cells
Authors: Allaire Claude 
Published: March 2005

This paper provides the specifications of a refractory lining for alumina electrolytic cells capable of ensuring good resistance to corrosion by the cell chemicals, while maintaining desirable thermal characteristics during service.Several refractory materials were tested in the Alcan's standard electrolysis bath test. Also, using Alcan's standard procedures, different insulating refractory products were tested for their gain in thermal conductivity after compression.
Perforin and lymphohistiocytic proliferative disorders
Authors: Katano Harutaka , Cohen Jeffrey I. 
Published: March 2005

SummaryPerforin is critical for cytotoxicity mediated by granules present in natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Perforin‐deficient mice have impaired cytotoxicity by NK cells and CTLs, resulting in failure to control infections with certain viruses or bacteria. Infection of perforin‐deficient mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus results in haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and elevated levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Mutations throughout the perforin gene have been identified in patients with familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) type 2. These patients present with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, have marked elevations of T‐helper type 1 and type 2 cytokines, and have impaired NK cell and CTL cytotoxicity. A number of infectious pathogens have been implicated as triggering the onset of disease. Identification of mutations in perforin as the cause of FHL should allow prenatal diagnosis of the disorder. While stem cell transplantation is curative, gene therapy might be effective in the future.
Defining stroke risk in children with sickle cell anaemia
Authors: Hoppe Carolyn 
Published: March 2005

SummarySickle cell anaemia (SCA) is the most common cause of childhood stroke, occurring with the highest frequency before the age of 6 years. Despite the relative frequency of stroke in SCA, few predictors of risk exist. Anaemia, leucocytosis, hypertension, silent infarction, and history of acute chest syndrome are well‐documented risk factors for ischaemic stroke in SCA. Recent data suggest that other environmental and genetic factors, many unrelated to SCA, influence the development of cerebrovascular disease. Non‐invasive assessment of individual stroke risk using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography has provided a means of selecting and prophylactically treating SCA children at highest risk. With the ultimate goal of preventing stroke, the information gained from the studies reviewed here may lead to improved prediction of stroke so that clinical trials to assess risk‐based therapy may be carried out on selected children with SCA.
Concurrent detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia by flow cytometry and real‐time PCR
Authors: Kerst Gunter , Kreyenberg Hermann , Roth Carmen , Well Catrin , Dietz Klaus , Coustan‐Smith Elaine , Campana Dario , Koscielniak Ewa , Niemeyer Charlotte , Schlegel Paul G. , Müller Ingo , Niethammer Dietrich , Bader Peter 
Published: March 2005

SummaryMinimal (i.e. submicroscopic) residual disease (MRD) predicts outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). To be used clinically, MRD assays must be reliable and accurate. Two well‐established techniques, flow cytometry (FC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), can detect leukaemic cells with a sensitivity of 0·01% (10−4). We analysed diagnostic samples of 45 ALL‐patients (37 B‐lineage ALL, eight T‐lineage ALL) by four‐colour FC and real‐time PCR. Leukaemia‐associated immunophenotypes, at a sensitivity of MRD detection by FC at the 0·01% level, were identified in 41 cases (91%); antigen‐receptor gene rearrangements suitable for MRD detection with a sensitivity of 0·01% or better by PCR were identified in 38 cases (84%). The combined use of FC and PCR allowed MRD monitoring in all 45 patients. In 105 follow‐up samples, MRD estimates by both methods were highly concordant, with a deviation factor of <5 by Bland–Altman analysis. Importantly, the concordance between FC and PCR was also observed in regenerating bone marrow samples containing high proportions of CD19+ cells, and in samples studied 24 h after collection. We conclude that both MRD assays yield generally concordant results. Their combined use should enable MRD monitoring in virtually all patients and prevent false‐negative results due to clonal evolution or phenotypic shifts.
Junctional epidermolysis bullosa: a case report
Authors: MOMENI A. , PIEPER K. 
Published: March 2005

Summary.Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of genetically determined disorders characterized by blistering of the skin and mucosae. There are three major forms – simple, junctional and dystrophic – and each has several varieties. The present case report describes a male child with junctional EB. The aim of the report is to present the dietary situation and the dental status of the child, examples of potential dental and nutritional consequences, and the therapeutic interventions possible for children with this disease.
Nitration and Increased α‐Synuclein Expression Associated With Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration In Equine Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction
Authors: McFarlane D. , Dybdal N. , Donaldson M. T. , Miller L. , Cribb A. E. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractEquine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is a spontaneously occurring progressive disease affecting aged horses and ponies. The pathogenesis of PPID is poorly understood, but the available evidence supports a loss of dopaminergic inhibition of the melanotropes of the pars intermedia. Horses with PPID have increased plasma concentrations of pars intermedia pro‐opiomelanocortin‐derived peptides that decrease in response to dopamine or dopamine agonist administration. Dopamine and dopamine metabolite concentrations are decreased in the pars intermedia of affected horses compared to age‐matched control horses. Horses with disease that are treated with the dopamine agonist pergolide show improvement in clinical signs and normalisation of diagnostic test results. In the present study, immunohistochemical evaluation of pituitary and hypothalamic tissue demonstrated reduced tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in affected horses compared to age‐matched and young controls, supporting the role of dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PPID. In addition, immunohistochemical evaluation revealed an increase in the oxidative stress marker, 3‐nitrotyrosine and in nerve terminal protein, α‐synuclein that colocalised in the pars intermedia of horses with disease. These findings suggest a role for nitration of overexpressed α‐synuclein in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in PPID.
Cyclic AMP–Protein Kinase A and Protein Kinase C Mediate In Vitro T3 Activation of Brain Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Female Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis
Authors: Chaube R. , Joy K. P. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe present in vitro study demonstrates an involvement of both cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) signal transduction mechanisms in the triiodothyronone (T3)‐activation of forebrain (telencephalon and hypothalamus) tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity in the female catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Incubations of the enzyme preparations with different concentrations of T3 (0.15–2.4 ng/ml) stimulated TH activity over the concentrations. Similarly, coincubations of the enzyme preparations with T3 and cAMP (1.0 mM) or cAMP‐elevating drugs such as 1‐methyl‐3‐isobutylxanthine (1.5 mM) or theophylline (1.5 mM) increased TH activity significantly over that of T3. The stimulatory effect of TH activity with T3 or cAMP was coincident with a low apparent Km and high Vmax for the cofactor, suggesting a higher affinity of the enzyme. Incubation of the enzyme preparations with PKA (H‐89) and PKC (calphostin‐C) inhibitors decreased basal enzyme activity significantly, with the inhibition being greater in the former group. The incubations of the enzyme preparations with T3 or T3 + cAMP, followed by the different inhibitors, also decreased enzyme activity. Although T3 could not reverse the inhibitory effect of H‐89, it could over‐ride the effect of calphostin‐C to some extent. The suppressive effect of the inhibitors could be related to a high apparent Km and low Vmax for the cofactor. The evidence strongly suggests a nongenomic action of T3 on TH activity via the cell signalling pathways, for which the cAMP‐dependent PKA appears to be the major regulatory mechanism.
Clenched fist syndrome with palmar lichen planus
Authors: Aytekin Sema , Turhanoglu Ayşe Dicle , Ozkan Mustafa , Uzunlar Ali Kemal 
Published: March 2005

A 16‐year‐old girl had a 4‐year history of hyperkeratosis and fissures on the palm. The skin lesions had gradually progressed to thick hyperkeratosis with mild pruritus, diffusely covering the right palm, and leading to flexion contractures of the fingers with mild pain. There was no family history of similar lesions. Her father had died 4 years previously. Dermatologic examination revealed hyperkeratosis, scaling, a mild yellow color, fissures, and maceration on the palm and volar surface of the fingers of the right hand (Fig. 1). There was an approximately 3 cm × 4 cm hyperkeratotic lesion on the palm of the left hand.Hyperkeratosis with a mild yellow color, scaling, fissures, maceration on the palm and palmar surface of the fingers, and flexed fingers of the right handimageFlexion contractures were found at the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the three fingers of the right hand (Fig. 1). There was no pain, tenderness in the joints of the fingers, or palpable nodular lesions on the palmar surface of the hand. Forced extension was difficult, and there was pain with passive extension. Radiography of the patient's hands revealed no abnormality, other than the clenched fingers. Electromyography of the upper extremities was normal.There were no lesions of the oral mucosa. The nails and scalp were normal. The patient showed very poor eye contact, and responded tersely and somewhat reluctantly to questions about her medical history.The patient was evaluated by psychiatry, but did not meet the diagnostic criteria for any mental disorder. There was a schizoid personality characteristic on both the structured clinical interview for DSM‐IV personality disorders (SCID‐II) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). In addition, there was an increase in scores on the hostility and resentment/aggression subscales of the MMPI.The results of routine laboratory tests were within normal limits or negative, including the venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test.A skin biopsy specimen showed histopathologic changes of lichen planus (orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, focal hypergranulosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis, and vacuolization with dense lymphocytic reaction at the dermo‐epidermal junction) (Fig. 2).Hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis, and vacuolization with dense lymphocytic reaction at the dermo‐epidermal junction (hematoxylin and eosin, × 100)imageThe patient was treated with topical 5% salicylic acid and 0.1% methylprednisolone aceponate ointment. Static splinting plus stretching was used for hand therapy. Active assisted motion was employed. The treatment produced a remarkable reduction in the skin lesions (Fig. 3), but no improvement in the flexion posture of the hand. The psychiatric and clinical findings were thought to be consistent with clenched fist syndrome and lichen planus.Normal appearing left hand after treatmentimage
The Multicultural Welfare State: International Experience and North American Narratives
Authors: Banting Keith G. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractContemporary debates are increasingly pessimistic about the impact of ethnic diversity on support for the welfare state. A growing number of analysts argue that greater ethnic diversity in Western democracies is weakening public support for redistribution, and that this underlying tension is exacerbated by the adoption of robust multiculturalism policies. The purpose of this essay is to summarize early findings from several studies that bear on the questions at the heart of such debates. These studies analyse the implications of immigration and multiculturalism policies for the welfare state across OECD countries, and also focus more closely on the experience of two distinctively multicultural countries, the United States and Canada. The evidence points to more complex relationships than often assumed. OECD countries with large foreign‐born populations have not had more difficulty in sustaining their welfare states than other countries. The extent of change does seem to matter, however, as countries in which immigrant communities grew rapidly between 1970 and the late 1990s did experience lower rates of growth in social spending. But despite the warnings of some critics, robust multiculturalism policies do not systematically exacerbate this tension. Moreover, the United States and Canada reflect different patterns. In the US racial diversity does weaken support for redistribution; but Canadian experience suggests that immigration, multiculturalism policies and redistribution can represent a stable political equilibrium. These contrasting narratives from North America stand as a warning against premature conclusions based on the US experience alone. There is no inevitability at work, and policy choices do seem to matter.
COMPARATIVE COMPUTATIONS OF YUGOSLAV NATIONAL INCOME ACCORDING TO MATERIAL AND COMPREHENSIVE CONCEPTS OF PRODUCTION
Authors: Grdjić Gojko 
Published: March 2005

The author believes that the theoretical controversies relating to the two concepts of production have reached a dead end, and that the answer to these questions must be sought in the results of empirical research. It is to this end that he presents the results which he has arrived at in his computation of Yugoslav national income according to the Yugoslav methodology, which shares the material product concept, and the methodology of the United Nations, which is typical of the enlarged concept of production.In comparing the results of the computations according to the two methodologies, the author concludes that in spite of conceptual differences the deviation of the Yugoslav estimates from the values calculated following the system of the UN is relatively modest (4.2%) if domestic product at factor cost is used. The difference relative to aggregates calculated at market price rises to 13.6%. The author explains these differences by the fact that all the Yugoslav aggregates are computed at market prices, and that services financed by budgetary contributions, which amount to 80% of all services, have found their place in the market prices of material production. He finds that the choice of prices used for calculation has a greater weight for the computation of production than conceptual differences in the methodology of the computations.