bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compartments of the crural fascia: clinically relevant ultrasound, anatomical and histological findings
Authors: Ortiz-Miguel S. , Miguel-Pérez M. , Blasi J. , Pérez-Bellmunt A. , Ortiz-Sagristà J. C. , Möller I. , Agullo J. L. , Iglesias P. , Martinoli C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency that can occur in any part of the body and can cause cell necrosis when maintained over time. The resulting defects can affect the nerves, muscle cells, bone tissue, and other connective tissues inside the compartment, and fasciotomy has to be performed. The anatomical and histological characteristics of the leg make acute, chronic, and exertional compartment syndrome more likely in this limb. For these reasons, knowledge of the ultrasound, anatomical, and histological features of the crural fascia can help in the treatment of leg compartment syndrome.

Methods
Twenty-one cryopreserved lower limbs from adult cadavers and from one 29-week-old fetus were obtained from the dissection room. They were examined by ultrasound and a subsequent anatomical dissection and microscopy to study the crural fascia and its relationship with the different muscles. Anthropometric measurements were taken of the distances from the head of the fibula and lateral malleolus to the origin of the tibialis anterior muscle in the crural fascia, the exit of the superficial fibular nerve, and the fascia covering the deep posterior muscles of the leg.

Results
The crural fascia has very important clinical relationships, which can be identified by ultrasound, as the origin of the tibialis anterior muscle at 16.25 cm from the head of the fibula and the exit of the superficial fibular nerve that crosses this fascia at 21.25 cm from the head of the fibula. Furthermore, the presence of a septum that fixes the deep posterior muscles of the leg and the vessels and nerve can be seen by ultrasound and can explain the possible development of a posterior compartmental syndrome of the leg. Awareness of these features will help to keep these structures safe during the surgical treatment of compartment syndrome.

Conclusion
The ultrasound study allows identification of anatomical structures in the leg and, thus, avoids damage to them during surgery for compartmental syndromes.
Bilateral simultaneous knee arthroplasty shows comparable early outcome and complication rate as staged bilateral knee arthroplasty for patients scored ASA 1–3 if performed by a high-volume surgeon: a retrospective cohort study of 127 cases
Authors: Kirschbaum Stephanie , Hube Robert , Perka Carsten , Najfeld Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background and purpose
The study compares early outcomes after simultaneous and staged knee arthroplasty in patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis (OA) to evaluate whether simultaneous bilateral TKA shows comparable early outcomes and complication rates to staged bilateral TKA.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study including all patients scheduled for primary TKA for bilateral knee OA (n = 127) was conducted. Patients received either simultaneous (n = 53, 41.7%) or staged (n = 74, 58.3%) bilateral TKA by a single, high-volume surgeon—depending on their individual preference. Demographic data, haemoglobin drop (Hb), length of stay (LOS), operation time, 30-day complication rate and achievement of rehabilitation key points were evaluated.

Results
There was no difference between the groups concerning age, sex, BMI or complication rate. ASA scoring was better in the simultaneous group [2.2, (15.1% ASA 1, 49.1% ASA 2, 35.8% ASA 3) vs. 2.4 (2.7% ASA 1, 51.4% ASA 2, 45.9% ASA 3)]. Average LOS was 7.8 ± 2.1 days for simultaneous TKA, 7.4 ± 1.7 days for single procedure of staged group (p < 0.453) and 14.7 ± 3.1 days if combined (p < 0.001). Cumulative Hb loss was significantly higher in the staged group (3.8 ± 1.2 g/dl vs. 2.4 ± 0.8 g/dl, p < 0.001). Detailed comparison of early outcome parameters between staged and simultaneous procedure depending on ASA score only revealed slightly slower assessment of stairs (p < 0.001) and increased Hb drop per surgery in case of simultaneous procedure (p < 0.011) if ASA score was ≥ 2. Only patients scored ASA 3 demonstrated a significant longer LOS per procedure in simultaneous group (8.5 ± 2.4 vs.7.3 ± 1.6 days, p = 0.034).

Interpretation
Simultaneous bilateral TKA results in comparable early outcome and complication rate than staged bilateral procedure—even for patients scored ASA 3.

Level of evidence
Level IV.
Approximating Maximum Integral Multiflows on Bounded Genus Graphs
Authors: Huang Chien-Chung , Mari Mathieu , Mathieu Claire , Vygen Jens 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe devise the first constant-factor approximation algorithm for finding an integral multi-commodity flow of maximum total value for instances where the supply graph together with the demand edges can be embedded on an orientable surface of bounded genus. This extends recent results for planar instances. Our techniques include an uncrossing algorithm, which is significantly more difficult than in the planar case, a partition of the cycles in the support of an LP solution into free homotopy classes, and a new rounding procedure for freely homotopic non-separating cycles.
Omissions and inferential meaning-making in audio description, and implications for automating video content description
Authors: Starr Kim , Braun Sabine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere is broad consensus that audio description (AD) is a modality of intersemiotic translation, but there are different views in relation to how AD can be more precisely conceptualised. While Benecke (Audiodeskription als partielle Translation. Modell und Methode, LIT, Berlin, 2014) characterises AD as ‘partial translation’, Braun (T 28: 302–313, 2016) hypothesises that what audio describers appear to ‘omit’ from their descriptions can normally be inferred by the audience, drawing on narrative cues from dialogue, mise-en-scène, kinesis, music or sound effects. The study reported in this paper tested this hypothesis using a corpus of material created during the H2020 MeMAD project. The MeMAD project aimed to improve access to audiovisual (AV) content through a combination of human and computer-based methods of description. One of the MeMAD workstreams addressed human approaches to describing visually salient cues. This included an analysis of the potential impact of omissions in AD, which is the focus of this paper. Using a corpus of approximately 500 audio described film extracts we identified the visual elements that can be considered essential for the construction of the filmic narrative and then performed a qualitative analysis of the corresponding audio descriptions to determine how these elements are verbally represented and whether any omitted elements could be inferred from other cues that are accessible to visually impaired audiences. We then identified the most likely source of these inferences and the conditions upon which retrieval could be predicated, preparing the ground for future reception studies to test our hypotheses with target audiences. In this paper, we discuss the methodology used to determine where omissions occur in the analysed audio descriptions, consider worked examples from the MeMAD500 film corpus, and outline the findings of our study namely that various strategies are relevant to inferring omitted information, including the use of proximal and distal contextual cues, and reliance on the application of common knowledge and iconic scenarios. To conclude, consideration is given to overcoming significant omissions in human-generated AD, such as using extended AD formats, and mitigating similar gaps in machine-generated descriptions, where incorporating dialogue analysis and other supplementary data into the computer model could resolve many omissions.
Sectional nonassociativity of metrized algebras
Authors: Fox Daniel J. F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe sectional nonassociativity of a metrized (not necessarily associative or unital) algebra is defined analogously to the sectional curvature of a pseudo-Riemannian metric, with the associator in place of the Levi-Civita covariant derivative. For commutative real algebras nonnegative sectional nonassociativity is usually called the Norton inequality, while a sharp upper bound on the sectional nonassociativity of the Jordan algebra of Hermitian matrices over a real Hurwitz algebra is closely related to the Böttcher–Wenzel-Chern-do Carmo-Kobayashi inequality. These and other basic examples are explained, and there are described some consequences of bounds on sectional nonassociativity for commutative algebras. A technical point of interest is that the results work over the octonions as well as the associative Hurwitz algebras.
Quantifying the influence of tree species richness on community drought resistance using drone-derived NDVI and ground-based measures of Plant Area Index and leaf chlorophyll in a young tree diversity experiment
Authors: Hajek Peter , Mörsdorf Martin , Kovach Kyle R. , Greinwald Konrad , Rose Laura , Nock Charles A. , Scherer-Lorenzen Michael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTree diversity may buffer the negative impact of drought events according to the diversity insurance hypothesis. During the extreme pan-European drought of 2018, we tested whether tree species richness modulated drought impacts on communities of a young tree diversity experiment in Freiburg, Germany. We utilized drone-based hyperspectral images to capture early symptoms of drought stress indicated by variation in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and ground-based measures that are indicative of tree canopy function, including Plant Area Index (PAI) and leaf chlorophyll content (Chl). Measures were taken the fifth growing season after planting on six broadleaved and six conifer species originating from Europe and North America in monocultures, two-, four- and six-species mixtures. NDVI decreased successively in response to the summer drought. In contrast to our expectation, tree species richness did not reduce declines in NDVI at the plot level. NDVI values were generally lower in six-species mixtures, compared to monocultures or two-species mixtures, which may be indicative of antagonistic tree species interactions in mixtures of high diversity. Changes in PAI in response to the drought were similar to changes in NDVI; however, modeled differences in PAI between mixtures were not statistically significant. Chl initially decreased, but recovered within a period of two months following the drought. Remotely sensed NDVI facilitated monitoring of the drought response of our large field experiment and could aid in monitoring canopy health in response to extreme drought events. Our observations suggest that NDVI responses are likely more strongly related to leaf shedding within tree canopies than decreases in Chl. Tree stands with a high abundance of deciduous trees may therefore be especially sensitive in triggering NDVI changes in response to drought during the stages leading up to tree mortality. Future studies of drought-related canopy responses should include monitoring of leaf shedding as well as the Chl of shed leaves.
Treatment utilization and effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy comparing men and women diagnosed with breast cancer: a Swedish retrospective cohort study
Authors: Schiza Aglaia , Fredriksson Irma , Sund Malin , Valachis Antonios 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Evidence supporting the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in early breast cancer is based on studies mainly including women, whereas the utilization and effectiveness of NAC in men is less studied. The present study aimed to investigate the utilization and effectiveness of NAC in men and women with early breast cancer.

Methods
Eligible patients were identified through the Swedish National Breast Cancer Quality Register, that includes all newly diagnosed breast cancer cases in Sweden from 2008 and onwards. For the treatment utilization analysis, all patients with stage I–III between 2008 and 2020 were included (n = 82,888), whereas for the effectiveness analysis the cohort was restricted to patients receiving NAC (n = 6487). For both analyses, multivariate logistic regression models were applied to investigate potential sex disparities in NAC utilization and effectiveness, adjusted for patient- and tumor characteristics.

Results
In the NAC utilization analysis, 487 men and 82,401 women with stage I–III were included. No statistically significant difference between sexes in terms of NAC utilization was observed (adjusted Odds Ratio (adjOR): 1.135; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.606–2.128) with an overall utilization rate of 4.9% in men compared to 7.8% in women. Among the 24 men and 6463 women who received NAC, the pathologic complete response (pCR) rates were 16.7% and 21.2%, respectively (adjOR: 1.141; 95% CI 0.141–9.238).

Conclusion
The present study did not find any sex disparities in NAC utilization or effectiveness in terms of pCR. This supports the current recommendations of treating men with breast cancer with the same indications for NAC as women.
Spatio-temporal evolution and trend prediction of urban ecosystem service value based on CLUE-S and GM (1,1) compound model
Authors: Feng Hu , Lei Xu , Yu Guo , Changchun Zhang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEcosystem service value (ESV) is a significant indicator related to regional ecological well-being. Evaluating ESV premised on continuous time series land benefit data can provide an accurate reference for regional ecological civilization construction and sustainable development. Taking Shijiazhuang, the capital city of Hebei Province as an example, the study analyzed land use changes based on the land use data of the continuous time series from 2000 to 2020 and introduced a socio-economic adjustment factor and biomass factor adjustment factor to construct a dynamic assessment model of ecosystem service value. The spatiotemporal changes of the ecosystem service value in Shijiazhuang City were evaluated, and the dynamic prediction of the ecosystem service value was made using the CLUE-S model and the GM (1,1) model. (1) The changes in the overall ESV and spatial pattern in Shijiazhuang are strongly linked to the change in land use, and the contribution of cultivated land, woodland, and grassland to ecosystem service value exceeds 90%. (2) Between 2000 and 2020, the value of ecosystem services illustrated a dynamic change and gradually declined, with the total amount falling from 28.003 to 19.513 billion yuan. Among individual ecosystem services, the value of regulation services suffered the most serious loss. (3) CLUE-S and GM (1,1) perform well in the prediction of ESV. The prediction outcomes illustrate that the ecosystem service value of Shijiazhuang will continue to decline by 2025, and the ecosystem value will drop to 16.771 billion yuan. This research may offer a reference for the dynamic assessment of ESV of the continuous sequence and help to promote regional ecological protection and sustainable development.
Sustaining agricultural economies: regional economic impacts of biochar production from waste orchard biomass in California's Central Valley
Authors: Nematian Maryam , Ng’ombe John N. , Keske Catherine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe prominent role of agriculture in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has increased global interest in biochar. This carbonaceous biomass product has emerging efficacy for GHG emissions reduction. While a growing body of literature indicates positive economic impacts of biomass-related products, scant evidence exists about the potential regional economic impacts of biochar production. Since biochar is a new industry and there is no North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code for biochar, we modified the available industries in the IMPLAN database to estimate the direct, indirect, and induced economic impacts of six potential biochar pricing and production opportunities in Central Valley, California. Results suggest that depending on the biochar price and conversion rates, biochar would create between 16.56 and 17.69 new full- and part-time jobs per year that would contribute between $1.2 and $5.75 million per year to labor income. Biochar production would add to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) about $106,295 ($5.2 million) per year with a conversion rate of 15% (35%) and a biochar price of $280 ($2,512) per metric ton. Similarly, biochar’s impacts on gross output would be positive, regardless of the biochar conversion rate and price, which suggests the need for more investment in the sector. We find that all regions would benefit in terms of employment, labor compensation, value addition, and gross output though Madera County would have the least economic returns. Meanwhile, Fresno County with the most biomass would have the most economic impacts, suggesting that policy should be directed at encouraging biomass production and marketing in areas with the most biomass.
Genome-wide analysis of the NAC gene family and functional verification of the DcNAC043s in Dendrobium catenatum
Authors: Liu Miao , Tian Tian , Li Yong-quan , Tang Liu , Tian Yu-hang , Zhang Yu-jin , Shangguan Li-yang , Hang Ye , Huang Ming-jin , Zhang Ming-sheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) domain protein plays an important role in plant growth and development. The function of members of NAC gene family has been deeply studied in many plants. However, the evolutionary relationships and characteristics of NAC family genes in Dendrobium catenatum (D. candidum) unclear. In this study, we identified 33 NAC genes in D.catenatum, all contain NAM conservative domain. Subcellular localization predictions indicated that all the DcNAC proteins are localized to the nucleus. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the DcNAC gene family could be divided into four groups. Then, the amino-acid composition, physicochemical properties, gene structure, motif, and promoter cis-acting elements were analyzed, the evolutionarily conservative gene DcNAC043-1 and DcNAC043-2 were found. Using qRT-PCR and phloroglucinol staining experiments, it was demonstrated that DcNAC043s can respond to drought stress in Dendrobium. Within a certain range, the longer the duration of drought stress, the higher the expression level of DcNAC043s, and the stronger the degree of plant lignification. We supplemented the relevant information of NAC gene family in D. catenatum. At the same time, the gene function of DcNAC043s and its contribution to the response of Dendrobium to drought stress were verified. These results provide a comprehensive evolutionary history of NAC genes in D. catenatum, and insight into the biological functions of DcNAC043s genes in response to drought stress.
Numerical and experimental investigation on the synthesis of extended Kalman filters for cable-driven parallel robots modeled through DAEs
Authors: Bettega Jason , Boschetti Giovanni , Frade Borja R. , González Francisco , Piva Giulio , Richiedei Dario , Trevisani Alberto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCable-driven parallel robots are parallel robots where light-weight cables replace rigid bodies to move an end-effector. Their peculiar design allows obtaining large workspaces, high-dynamic handlings, ease of reconfigurability and, in general, low-cost architecture. Knowing the full state variables of a cable robot may be essential to implement advanced control and monitoring strategies and imposes the development of state observers. In this work a general approach to develop nonlinear state observers based on an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is proposed and validated both numerically and experimentally by referring to a cable-suspended parallel robot. The state observer is based on a system model obtained by converting a set of differential algebraic equations into ordinary differential equations through different formulations: the penalty formulation, the Udwadia–Kalaba formulation, and the Udwadia–Kalaba–Phohomsiri formulation, which have been chosen since they can handle the presence of redundant constraints as often happens in cable-driven parallel robots. In the numerical investigation, the EKF is validated simulating encoders heavily affected by quantization errors to demonstrate the filtering capabilities of EKF. In the experimental investigation, a very challenging validation is proposed: only two sensors measuring the rotations of two motors are used to estimate the actual position and velocity of the end-effector. This result cannot be achieved by sole forward kinematics and clearly proves the effectiveness of the proposed observer.
A dynamic programming based method for optimal control of a cascaded heat pump system with thermal energy storage
Authors: Diller Tim , Soppelsa Anton , Nagpal Himanshu , Fedrizzi Roberto , Henze Gregor 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe residential heating and cooling sector has been increasingly electrifying, predominantly using electrically driven heat pumps (HP) in combination with thermal/electrical energy storage systems. While these developments contribute to increased renewable and low carbon energy shares in the sector, exploiting the full potential of the technology requires a smart control of these systems that can account for predicted renewable energy availability in the future and the corresponding HP system performance. However, modelling a system featuring complex internal dynamics, in a way that is suitable for smart control, is challenging. Models need to be sophisticated enough to accurately capture the system's nonlinearities and intricacies while at the same time fast enough to enable a thorough search of the solutions space, in suitable computational time. Dynamic programming (DP) is a promising approach to smart controls, as it combines the ability to use complex, non-linear models while being an exhaustive search algorithm, guaranteeing that the global optimum is found. This paper presents an innovative modelling framework that entails reduced order models (ROM) of an HP substation's main components (i.e., HP and thermal energy storage—TES), elaborated in a fashion suitable for use in DP; these have been shaped as to include significant physical operating constraints (e.g., HP compressor variable speed, non-linear coefficient of performance—COP—dependency on outdoor and distribution temperature) affecting the system performance, while at the same time minimising the amount of state variables (i.e., TES temperatures, HP thermal and electric capacity) the optimizer needs to handle. In an application to an exemplary HP system, our system models compare remarkably well to detailed TRNSYS counterparts, used as a reference ground truth. The system achieves significant cost-saving enabled by the dynamic programming optimization approach, facilitating a 13% decrease in power consumption compared to conventional rule-based control.