bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The job requires considerable expertise”
Authors: Hiltunen Turo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
While clearly important in decision-making in democratic
societies, the authority of science and expertise in public forums is
nowadays increasingly challenged by different advocacy groups and
crowd-based politics. Using the Hansard Corpus, this chapter explores how
experts and expert knowledge are referred to in the British parliamentary
record from 1800 to 2005, focusing on how frequently members of parliament
(MPs) refer to different kinds of experts and their expertise in
parliamentary debates, and whether diachronic changes can be linked to
historical events and cultural and intellectual changes. The quantitative
analysis is complemented with a qualitative investigation of how experts and
expert knowledge are framed in parliamentary debates. The analysis shows
that overall the references to experts have increased in the twentieth
century and especially after the 1950s. Yet variation among individual terms
and discourse contexts is evident, indicating that cultural explanations of
corpus data should be approached with caution.
Language variation in parliamentary speech in Suriname
Authors: Borges Robert , van den Berg Margot 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Surinamese Dutch is widely considered to be distinct
from Netherlandic Dutch varieties, but grammatical differences remain
understudied. The primary aim of this chapter is to explore some of the
claims made in the literature about how the grammar of Surinamese Dutch
differs from Netherlandic Dutch, using spoken data from the Surinamese
parliament. We also introduce an exploratory method that uses automatic
speech-to-text software to efficiently construct a corpus of spoken-language
data, avoiding some of the pitfalls associated with working with spoken
language data. We explore constructions involving the particle
er ‘there’, word order, and non-standard imperfective
constructions in the Surinamese Dutch data. Our analyses illustrate that
pinpointing characteristic differences between Surinamese and Netherlandic
Dutch is extremely nuanced.
Units of sub-sign meaning in NGT
Authors: Zwitserlood Inge , van der Kooij Els , Crasborn Onno 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of all the meaningful sub-sign form units (form-meaning units; FMUs) in lexical signs in Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT). We investigated the potential meaning of all form features that were previously established in analyses of NGT form by analyzing their distribution in lexical signs. The data set consisted of 500 NGT signs in the lexical database Global Signbank, and a set of 163 elicited newly-formed lexical signs. All features in these data sets appear to bear meaning (at least once). No completely arbitrary features were found, and some features appeared to be always associated to a specific meaning. This toolkit and the set of FMUs in NGT provides a possible basis for cross-linguistic study and for a more fine-grained approach in various research disciplines, for instance psycholinguistics and acquisition, and it may thus advance the theoretical and applied study of sign languages.
AC zero crossing compensation for thermal stress linear birefringence in optical voltage transducer
Authors: Huang Yifan , Xu Qifeng , Li Chao , Tan Qiao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The optical voltage transducer (OVT) based on the Pockels effect has a perennial issue of the thermal stress linear birefringence (TSLB) in the electro-optic crystal being overlapped with the electro-optic phase delay, which is difficult to be eliminated and seriously affects the measurement accuracy and reliability. In this paper an AC zero crossing compensation method for TSLB is proposed. It is based on that when the steady-state AC voltage crosses zero points the electric field is zero, and the electro-optic crystal does not have any electro-optic effect, so the electro-optic phase delay is zero. In this case, the output of the OVT is an additional phase delay caused by the TSLB, which can be separated and compensated by the linear demodulation OVT and the AC zero crossing detection circuit. The experimental results show that in the temperature range of −40 °C to 70 °C, the measurement accuracy of the OVT after TSLB compensation is improved from 0.5 class to 0.2 class. This method is helpful for the practicality of the OVT.
SpacePix3: SOI MAPS detector for space radiation monitoring
Authors: Vančura P. , Gečnuk J. , Janoška Z. , Jirsa J. , Korchak O. , Kostina A. , Kafka V. , Lednický D. , Marčišovská M. , Marčišovský M. , Strnad M. , Švihra P. , Tomášek L. , Staněk P. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The SpacePix3 monolithic active pixel sensor is a novel ASIC for space radiation monitoring designed in a 180 nm SOI CMOS technology. The detector is capable of detecting and differentiating protons, electrons, and heavy ions. Its active sensor area is 3.84×3.84 mm2, pixel matrix is arranged in a 64×64 square array with 60 µm pitch. The pixel front-end amplifier signal range is 1–80 ke-, extended up to 30 Me- using a backside channel. Diodes integrated in the handle wafer in each pixel are biased at -150 V, creating a depleted layer approximately 35 µm deep. Impinging particle generates a charge pulse converted to a voltage pulse by the charge-sensitive amplifier. Maximum voltage memorized by the peak detector hold circuit is digitized using on-chip 10-bit asynchronous column SAR ADCs. Two readout interfaces are available, 400 MHz LVDS and 50 MHz SPI. Total current consumption is 31 mA from a 1.8 V power supply in the SPI mode.
RAAD: LIGHT-1 CubeSat's payload for the detection of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes
Authors: Di Giovanni A. , Arneodo F. , Al Qasim A. , Alblooshi H. , AlKhouri F. , Alkindi L. , AlMannei A. , Almarri N.H. , Benabderrahmane M.L. , Bruno G. , Conicella V. , Fawwaz O. , Franchi G. , Kalos S. , Oikonomou P. , Perillo L. , Pittori C. , Roberts M.S. , Torres R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Rapid Acquisition Atmospheric Detector (RAAD), onboard
the LIGHT-1 3U CubeSat, detects photons between hard X-rays and soft
gamma-rays, in order to identify and characterize Terrestrial Gamma
Ray Flashes (TGFs). Three detector configurations are tested, making
use of Cerium Bromide and Lanthanum BromoChloride scintillating
crystals coupled to photomultiplier tubes or Multi-Pixel Photon
Counters, in order to identify the optimal combination for TGF
detection. High timing resolution, a short trigger window, and the
short decay time of its electronics allow RAAD to perform accurate
measurements of prompt, transient events. Here, we describe the
overview of the detection concept, the development of the front-end
acquisition electronics, as well as the ground testing and
simulation that the payload underwent prior to its launch on
December 21st, 2021. We further present an analysis of
the detector's in-orbit system behavior and some preliminary
results.
S-matrix on effective string and compactified membrane
Authors: Seibold Fiona K , Tseytlin Arkady A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Expanding Nambu–Goto action near infinitely long string vacuum one can compute scattering amplitudes of 2d massless fields representing transverse string coordinates. As was shown in (Dubovsky et al 2012 J. High Energy Phys. JHEP09(2012)044), the resulting S-matrix is integrable (provided appropriate local counterterms are added), in agreement with known free string spectrum and also with an interpretation of the static-gauge NG action as a

T

T
ˉ

deformation of a free massless theory. We consider a generalization of this computation to the case of a membrane, expanding its 3d action near an infinite membrane vacuum that has cylindrical

R

×

S
1

shape (we refer to such membrane as ‘compactified’). Representing 3d fields as Fourier series in S
1 coordinate we get an effective 2d model in which the massless string modes are coupled to an infinite KK tower of massive 2d modes. We find that the resulting 2d S-matrix is not integrable already at the tree level. We also compute 1-loop scattering amplitude of massless string modes with all compactified membrane modes propagating in the loop. The result is UV finite and is a non-trivial function of the kinematic variables. In the large momentum limit or when the radius of S
1 is taken to infinity we recover the expression for the 1-loop scattering amplitude of the uncompactified

R

2

membrane. We also consider a 2d model which is the

T

T
ˉ

deformation to the free theory with the same massless plus infinite massive tower of modes. The corresponding 2d S-matrix is found, as expected, to be integrable. Contribution to the special issue of Journal of Physics A: ‘Fields, Gravity, Strings and Beyond: In Memory of Stanley Deser’
A conformal coding metasurface for dual polarization conversion and radar cross section (RCS) reduction
Authors: Khan Hamza Asif , Zhang Jun Wei , Liang Jing Cheng , Xia Jun , Zhang Jingjing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Integrated meta-devices are the need of modern stealth application systems and have recently received a great deal of attention. Most studies have concentrated on the physics and structural design of planar metasurfaces, while conformal design that is suitable for arbitrarily curved surfaces has been rarely discussed. In this study, a conformal polarization-independent 1-bit coding metasurface (CM) is proposed. A fundamental element of a proposed CM is firstly designed which converts the linearly polarized incident electromagnetic wave into its orthogonal equivalent at 8.53–11.63 and 18.67–22.34 GHz with a polarization-conversion-ratio of more than 90%, and enables linear-to-circular polarization conversion from 12.40 to 17.56 GHz. Next, the basic element is rotated by 90° to generate another element with a phase difference of π between them. Both these elements are distributed in an array using a random aperiodic coding sequence to form 1-bit CM for radar cross section (RCS) reduction. More than 10 dB RCS reduction for arbitrarily polarized waves has been realized in dual frequency bands ranging 8.75–11.22 and 19.10–21.20 GHz, for planar as well as with conformal structures. A prototype is fabricated, and the experiments show a good agreement with simulated results. Potential applications of the proposed design include reflector antennas, radar, satellite communication, and stealth technology.
Spike-based local synaptic plasticity: a survey of computational models and neuromorphic circuits
Authors: Khacef Lyes , Klein Philipp , Cartiglia Matteo , Rubino Arianna , Indiveri Giacomo , Chicca Elisabetta 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Understanding how biological neural networks carry out learning using spike-based local plasticity mechanisms can lead to the development of real-time, energy-efficient, and adaptive neuromorphic processing systems. A large number of spike-based learning models have recently been proposed following different approaches. However, it is difficult to assess if these models can be easily implemented in neuromorphic hardware, and to compare their features and ease of implementation. To this end, in this survey, we provide an overview of representative brain-inspired synaptic plasticity models and mixed-signal complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor neuromorphic circuits within a unified framework. We review historical, experimental, and theoretical approaches to modeling synaptic plasticity, and we identify computational primitives that can support low-latency and low-power hardware implementations of spike-based learning rules. We provide a common definition of a locality principle based on pre- and postsynaptic neural signals, which we propose as an important requirement for physical implementations of synaptic plasticity circuits. Based on this principle, we compare the properties of these models within the same framework, and describe a set of mixed-signal electronic circuits that can be used to implement their computing principles, and to build efficient on-chip and online learning in neuromorphic processing systems.
Breaking the cycle: Reforming pesticide regulation to protect pollinators
Authors: Fisher Adrian , Tadei Rafaela , Berenbaum May , Nieh James , Siviter Harry , Crall James , Glass Jordan R , Muth Felicity , Liao Ling-Hsiu , Traynor Kirsten , DesJardins Nicole , Nocelli Roberta , Simon-Delso Noa , Harrison Jon F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Over decades, pesticide regulations have cycled between approval and implementation, followed by the discovery of negative effects on nontarget organisms that result in new regulations, pesticides, and harmful effects. This relentless pattern undermines the capacity to protect the environment from pesticide hazards and frustrates end users that need pest management tools. Wild pollinating insects are in decline, and managed pollinators such as honey bees are experiencing excessive losses, which threatens sustainable food security and ecosystem function. An increasing number of studies demonstrate the negative effects of field-realistic exposure to pesticides on pollinator health and fitness, which contribute to pollinator declines. Current pesticide approval processes, although they are superior to past practices, clearly continue to fail to protect pollinator health. In the present article, we provide a conceptual framework to reform cyclical pesticide approval processes and better protect pollinators.
Third molar agenesis relates to human craniofacial form
Authors: Kanavakis Georgios , Alamoudi Ragda , Oeschger Elias S , Tacchi Manuel , Halazonetis Demetrios , Gkantidis Nikolaos 
Published: October 2023

Summary

Objective
To investigate the association between the number of third molars and craniofacial shape.

Subjects and methods
The study sample comprised 470 individuals (194 males and 276 females), out of whom 310 (124 males, mean age: 14.6 years and 186 females, mean age: 14.1 years) had a full permanent dentition including third molars and 160 (70 males, mean age: 13.7 years and 90 females, mean age: 13.9 years) had at least one missing third molar. Pre-orthodontic treatment cephalometric images were digitized using 127 landmarks to describe the shape of the entire craniofacial configuration, the cranial base, the maxilla, and the mandible. The shapes of the various configurations were described by principal components (PCs) of shape. The effect of third molar agenesis on craniofacial shape was evaluated with multivariate regression models, considering shape PCs as the dependent variables, and age and sex as predictors.

Results
There was a strong association between third molar agenesis and the shape of all craniofacial configurations in both sexes. Individuals with missing third molars presented a less convex craniofacial configuration, a shorter anterior facial height and a more retrusive maxilla and mandible. In cases with third molar agenesis only in one jaw, shape differences were also evident in the opposing jaw.

Limitations
Interpretation of study outcomes should take into consideration the two-dimensional data and the analysis of only white-European subjects.

Conclusions
There is a strong association between third molar formation and craniofacial shape. The effect is rather generalized than local and is potentially linked to an ongoing evolutionary mechanism that leads to smaller and fewer teeth, as well as smaller craniofacial configurations, in modern humans.
Superanionic DNA: enzymatic synthesis of hypermodified DNA bearing four different anionic substituents at all four nucleobases
Authors: Kuprikova Natalia , Ondruš Marek , Bednárová Lucie , Riopedre-Fernandez Miguel , Slavětínská Lenka Poštová , Sýkorová Veronika , Hocek Michal 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We designed and synthesized a set of four 2′-deoxyribonucleoside 5′-O-triphosphates (dNTPs) derived from 5-substituted pyrimidines and 7-substituted 7-deazapurines bearing anionic substituents (carboxylate, sulfonate, phosphonate, and phosphate). The anion-linked dNTPs were used for enzymatic synthesis of modified and hypermodified DNA using KOD XL DNA polymerase containing one, two, three, or four modified nucleotides. The polymerase was able to synthesize even long sequences of &gt;100 modified nucleotides in a row by primer extension (PEX). We also successfully combined two anionic and two hydrophobic dNTPs bearing phenyl and indole moieties. In PCR, the combinations of one or two modified dNTPs gave exponential amplification, while most of the combinations of three or four modified dNTPs gave only linear amplification in asymmetric PCR. The hypermodified ONs were successfully re-PCRed and sequenced by Sanger sequencing. Biophysical studies including hybridization, denaturation, CD spectroscopy and molecular modelling and dynamics suggest that the presence of anionic modifications in one strand decreases the stability of duplexes while still preserving the B-DNA conformation, whilst the DNA hypermodified in both strands adopts a different secondary structure.
Molecular insight into the specific enzymatic properties of TREX1 revealing the diverse functions in processing RNA and DNA/RNA hybrids
Authors: Huang Kuan-Wei , Wu Chia-Yun , Toh Shu-Ing , Liu Tung-Chang , Tu Chun-I , Lin Yin-Hsin , Cheng An-Ju , Kao Ya-Ting , Chu Jhih-Wei , Hsiao Yu-Yuan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In various autoimmune diseases, dysfunctional TREX1 (Three prime Repair Exonuclease 1) leads to accumulation of endogenous single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and DNA/RNA hybrids in the cytoplasm and triggers immune activation through the cGAS–STING pathway. Although inhibition of TREX1 could be a useful strategy for cancer immunotherapy, profiling cellular functions in terms of its potential substrates is a key step. Particularly important is the functionality of processing DNA/RNA hybrids and RNA substrates. The exonuclease activity measurements conducted here establish that TREX1 can digest both ssRNA and DNA/RNA hybrids but not dsRNA. The newly solved structures of TREX1–RNA product and TREX1–nucleotide complexes show that 2′-OH does not impose steric hindrance or specific interactions for the recognition of RNA. Through all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we illustrate that the 2′-OH-mediated intra-chain hydrogen bonding in RNA would affect the binding with TREX1 and thereby reduce the exonuclease activity. This notion of higher conformational rigidity in RNA leading TREX1 to exhibit weaker catalytic cleavage is further validated by the binding affinity measurements with various synthetic DNA–RNA junctions. The results of this work thus provide new insights into the mechanism by which TREX1 processes RNA and DNA/RNA hybrids and contribute to the molecular-level understanding of the complex cellular functions of TREX1 as an exonuclease.
PancanQTLv2.0: a comprehensive resource for expression quantitative trait loci across human cancers
Authors: Chen Chengxuan , Liu Yuan , Luo Mei , Yang Jingwen , Chen Yamei , Wang Runhao , Zhou Joseph , Zang Yong , Diao Lixia , Han Leng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis is a powerful tool used to investigate genetic variations in complex diseases, including cancer. We previously developed a comprehensive database, PancanQTL, to characterize cancer eQTLs using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, and linked eQTLs with patient survival and GWAS risk variants. Here, we present an updated version, PancanQTLv2.0 (https://hanlaboratory.com/PancanQTLv2/), with advancements in fine-mapping causal variants for eQTLs, updating eQTLs overlapping with GWAS linkage disequilibrium regions and identifying eQTLs associated with drug response and immune infiltration. Through fine-mapping analysis, we identified 58 747 fine-mapped eQTLs credible sets, providing mechanic insights of gene regulation in cancer. We further integrated the latest GWAS Catalog and identified a total of 84 592 135 linkage associations between eQTLs and the existing GWAS loci, which represents a remarkable ∼50-fold increase compared to the previous version. Additionally, PancanQTLv2.0 uncovered 659516 associations between eQTLs and drug response and identified 146948 associations between eQTLs and immune cell abundance, providing potentially clinical utility of eQTLs in cancer therapy. PancanQTLv2.0 expanded the resources available for investigating gene expression regulation in human cancers, leading to advancements in cancer research and precision oncology.
BloodChIP Xtra: an expanded database of comparative genome-wide transcription factor binding and gene-expression profiles in healthy human stem/progenitor subsets and leukemic cells
Authors: Thoms Julie A I , Koch Forrest C , Raei Alireza , Subramanian Shruthi , Wong Jason W H , Vafaee Fatemeh , Pimanda John E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The BloodChIP Xtra database (http://bloodchipXtra.vafaeelab.com/) facilitates genome-wide exploration and visualization of transcription factor (TF) occupancy and chromatin configuration in rare primary human hematopoietic stem (HSC-MPP) and progenitor (CMP, GMP, MEP) cells and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines (KG-1, ME-1, Kasumi1, TSU-1621-MT), along with chromatin accessibility and gene expression data from these and primary patient AMLs. BloodChIP Xtra features significantly more datasets than our earlier database BloodChIP (two primary cell types and two cell lines). Improved methodologies for determining TF occupancy and chromatin accessibility have led to increased availability of data for rare primary cell types across the spectrum of healthy and AML hematopoiesis. However, there is a continuing need for these data to be integrated in an easily accessible manner for gene-based queries and use in downstream applications. Here, we provide a user-friendly database based around genome-wide binding profiles of key hematopoietic TFs and histone marks in healthy stem/progenitor cell types. These are compared with binding profiles and chromatin accessibility derived from primary and cell line AML and integrated with expression data from corresponding cell types. All queries can be exported to construct TF–gene and protein–protein networks and evaluate the association of genes with specific cellular processes.
A Multimodal and Interdisciplinary Approach to Luo Yusheng’s Video Performance of Choumo yinchu (At Break of Day)
Authors: Sborgi Lawson Francesca R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues for the necessity of taking a broad, interdisciplinary perspective and analyzes a case study from the Tianjin narrative-arts tradition: the classic Beijing drumsong (Jingyun dagu 京韻大鼓) piece known as At Break of Day (Choumo yinchu 醜末寅初), performed by the acknowledged “queen of drumsinging,” Luo Yusheng 駱玉笙 (1914–2002). Luo’s 1960 video performance demonstrates and embodies fascinating cultural elements unique to China. It also exemplifies how a multimodal and interdisciplinary approach to the performance encourages an exploration of scholarly research in a number of unexpected disciplines outside of China studies and ethnomusicology, such as biomusicology, mother-infant communication, and artificial intelligence. Investigating interdisciplinary topics enables scholars in humanistic fields to explore new strategic connections.
Kunqu from Analytical Perspectives
Authors: Lau Kar Lun Alan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Using the aria “Feng ru song” as an example, two structural aspects of kunqu music are examined: 1) interactions between linguistic tones and musical pitches; 2) melodic relationships among different versions of the same aria. Differences between music and language as distinct temporal processes are highlighted, and important features of the “qupai paradigm” are introduced. Mostly employing comparative-reductive methodologies, this chapter alludes to alternative analytical approaches, including historical investigation, prescriptive voice-leading, tonal contour analysis, musical set theory, and syntactic analysis. Investigations into much debated topics, such as Zhongzhou yun and zhuqiang, are conducted to reconcile between traditional notions and analytical evidence.