bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of wollastonite ceramics and bioactive glass on the formation of a bonelike apatite layer on a cobalt base alloy
Authors: Cortés D. A. , Medina A. , Escobedo J. C. , Escobedo S. , López M. A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA biomimetic method was used to promote a bioactive surface on a cobalt base alloy (ASTM F‐75). The metallic substrates were alkali treated and some of the samples were subsequently heat treated. The treated samples were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) on granular particles of either bioactive glass or wollastonite. For comparative purposes, no bioactive system was used in some tests. Three different methods were used for the immersion of the samples in SBF: 1) 21 days in SBF, 2) 21 days in 1.5 SBF, and 3) 7 days in SBF followed by 14 days in 1.5 SBF (re‐immersion method). A bonelike apatite layer was formed on all the samples placed on wollastonite and bioactive glass particles. The morphology of the apatite layer formed by using the re‐immersion method and wollastonite closely resembled the existing bioactive systems. No apatite layer was observed on the samples treated without bioactive material and soaked for 21 days in SBF or 1.5 SBF, apart from the substrates treated by using the re‐immersion method. The heat treatment delayed the apatite formation in all the cases studied. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 70A: 341–346, 2004
Investigating the wavelet coherence phase of the BOLD signal
Authors: Müller Karsten , Lohmann Gabriele , Neumann Jane , Grigutsch Maren , Mildner Toralf , von Cramon D. Yves 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the temporal behavior of the blood oxygenation‐level dependent (BOLD) signal applying the wavelet coherence phase to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data.Materials and MethodsThe wavelet coherence phase was computed for a group of four subjects using three functional runs of different visual stimulation lengths. In order to consider the variability of the wavelet coherence phase, a correlation analysis was performed between the variance of the phase shift and the associated activation strength. In activated brain regions, correlation was performed between the mean wavelet coherence phase and the spectral density phase shift.ResultsThe scalograms of the wavelet coherence phase show the temporal variability of the phase shift between fMRI time series. For brain regions with weakly stationary behavior, the mean wavelet coherence phase supports the results obtained by spectral analyses.ConclusionThe wavelet coherence phase provides a description of the temporal behavior of the BOLD signal even for the nonstationary case. In particular, temporal changes of the phase shift can be investigated. This makes the wavelet coherence phase more suitable for the investigation of BOLD dynamics than an average phase lag obtained by correlation or spectral methods. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:145–152. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging reveals structural implications of renal osteodystrophy on trabecular and cortical bone
Authors: Wehrli Felix W. , Leonard Mary B. , Saha Punam K. , Gomberg Bryon R. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPurposeTo explore the potential role of micro‐magnetic resonance imaging (μ‐MRI) for quantifying trabecular and cortical bone structural parameters in renal osteodystrophy (ROD), a multifactorial disorder of bone metabolism, traditionally evaluated by bone biopsy.Materials and MethodsSeventeen hemodialysis patients (average PTH level = 502 ± 415 μg/liter) were compared with 17 age‐, gender‐, and body mass index (BMI)‐matched control subjects. The average dialysis duration for the patients was 5.5 years (range = 0.96‐18.2 years). Three‐dimensional (3D) fast large‐angle spin‐echo (FLASE) MR images of the distal tibia (voxel size = 137 × 137 × 410 μm3) were processed to yield bone volume fraction (BV/TV). From a skeletonized representation of the trabecular bone network, the topology of each bone voxel was determined providing surface and curve voxel densities (SURF and CURV) and the topological erosion index (EI). Further, high‐resolution two‐dimensional (2D) spin‐echo images were collected at the tibial midshaft for measurement of cortical bone cross‐sectional area (CCA), relative CCA expressed as a percentage of total bone area (RCA), and mean cortical thickness (MCT).ResultsThe data show both RCA and MCT to be lower in the patients (61.2 vs. 69.1%, P = 0.008, and 4.53 vs. 5.19 mm, P = 0.01). BV/TV and SURF were lower, while EI was increased in the patients, although these differences were not quite significant (P = 0.06‐0.09). All of the cortical and trabecular findings are consistent with increased bone fragility.ConclusionThe data suggest that μ‐MRI may have potential to characterize the structural implications of metabolic bone disease, potentially providing a noninvasive tool for the evaluation of therapies for ROD. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:83–89. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical and taste characteristics of threadfin bream (Nemipterus japonicus) hydrolysate
Authors: Normah I , Jamilah B , Saari N , Che Man Yaakob B 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe chemical and taste characteristics of threadfin bream (Nemipterus japonicus) hydrolysate produced by Alcalase hydrolysis of the fish muscle (pH 8.5, 60 °C, 120 min, enzyme/substrate ratio 20 g kg−1) were studied. Umami, bitter and fishy were the dominant tastes. The bitter amino acids methionine, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, leucine and tyrosine comprised 317 mg g−1 of the total amino acids present. The umaminess could be due to the presence of high contents of glutamic acid and inosine 5′‐monophosphate. SDS‐PAGE analysis showed that the peptides in the hydrolysate had molecular weights ranging between 7.2 and 64 kDa. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Adjuvant, adoptive immunotherapy with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes plus interleukin‐2 after radical hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases: 5‐year analysis
Authors: Gardini Andrea , Ercolani Giorgio , Riccobon Angela , Ravaioli Matteo , Ridolfi Laura , Flamini Emanuela , Ridolfi Ruggero , Grazi Gian Luca , Cavallari Antonino , Amadori Dino 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesConventional chemotherapy has not proven effective in improving long‐term results of surgery for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. We assessed the usefulness of immunotherapy with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) plus Interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) as adjuvant treatment.MethodsBetween 1995 and 1998, 47 patients were enrolled onto a prospective protocol; 25 entered the treatment group (A) and 22 entered the control group (B). All patients had undergone radical liver resection. TIL obtained from surgical specimens from group A patients were cultured and activated in vitro with IL‐2, then reinfused into the patients with IL‐2. We investigated pre‐ and post‐IL‐2 stimulation expression of T cell receptor (TCR) ζ‐ and ε‐chains, p56lck, Fas, and Fas‐L by TIL immunostaining.ResultsFourteen patients from group A (56%) received immunotherapy; 14 from group B (60%) underwent conventional chemotherapy, and the remaining 19 patients did not receive any treatment. No significant differences between the two groups were found in the actuarial and disease‐free survival (DSF) rates after 1, 3, and 5 years. After IL‐2 exposure, TCR ζ‐chain expression significantly increased (P = 0.001); An increase in TCR ε‐chain expression (P = 0.04), and p56lck (P = 0.03) was detected; TCR ε‐chain expression was significantly increased in disease‐free patients compared to those who relapsed (P = 0.04). Fas‐L expression was correlated with the TCR ε‐chain and p56lck levels (P = 0.05).ConclusionsOur data suggest that we are still a long way from being able to propose TIL + IL‐2 treatment as an effective adjuvant therapy. However, the results confirm that the biological indicators examined could play an important role in modulating immunitary response against tumor cells. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;87:46–52. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relationship between prognostic factors of breast cancer and thyroid disorders in Turkish women
Authors: Cengiz Ömer , Bozkurt Betül , Ünal Bülent , Yildirim Osman , Karabeyoǧlu Melih , Eroǧlu Abdullah , Koçer Belma , Ulaş Murat 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBackgroundBreast carcinoma is a frequent disease that affects the female population. As for other malignant diseases, several studies have been carried out in an attempt to identify its etiology, yet the etiological agent has not been clearly defined. The etiological relationship between thyroid disease and breast cancer is still being investigated. However, most of the studies in this field are conflicting and discussions on this relationship still continue.Patients and MethodOur prospective open study was conducted on 136 consecutive patients operated for breast carcinoma. As a control group, 68 individuals with normal breast examination, who did not have any known malignancy and/or thyroid disease, living in the same geographical region and with matching socio‐cultural and economical status, were included in the study. We aimed to identify the occurrence and frequency of thyroid pathologies in both groups to compare the clinical and the laboratory features of thyroid disease and breast carcinoma in an attempt to contribute to the studies investigating the relationship between these two entities.ResultsWe found thyroid pathology in 77.9% of breast cancer patients while this was 47.1% in the control group. Breast cancer patients had higher levels of free‐T3 and more frequent diffuse and nodular enlargement of thyroid gland in ultrasonography when compared to the control group. Furthermore, in the presence of thyroid disease, breast cancer patients had statistically significant increases in the number of metastatic lymph nodes, vascular invasion, and tumor size.ConclusionIn conclusion, the frequency of thyroid pathology is higher in breast cancer patients compared to controls indicating a relationship between breast carcinoma and thyroid pathology. Our study shows that the presence of thyroid pathology in breast cancer patients can be influential on the spread of cancer and adversely affect its prognosis. We thought further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to explain the reason for co‐occurrence of breast cancer and thyroid disease and furthermore to investigate the prognosis and survival of breast cancer patients in the presence of thyroid pathology. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;87:19–25. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The natural course of cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Leiter Ulrike , Meier Friedegund , Schittek Birgit , Garbe Claus 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe natural course of cutaneous melanoma (CM) is determined by its metastatic spread and depends on tumor thickness, ulceration, gender, localization, and the histologic subtype of the primary tumor. CM metastasis develops via three main metastatic pathways and occurs as satellite or in‐transit metastasis, as regional lymph node metastasis or as distant metastasis at the time of primary recurrence. About 50% of all CM patients with tumor progression firstly develop regional lymph node metastases. In the other 50% the first metastases are satellite or in‐transit metastases (about 20%), or immediately distant metastases (about 30%). Development of distant metastasis appears to be an early event in metastatic spread and may in the majority of cases originate from the primary tumor, only few cases may develop secondarily to locoregional metastasis. Reporting of organ involvement in distant metastasis greatly differs between the results of imaging techniques and autopsy results in respect to the metastatic patterns detected, pointing out that there is a need of improved imaging systems. Proliferation, neovascularization, lymphangiogenesis, invasion, circulation, and embolism are important steps in the pathogenesis of CM metastasis, with tumor vascularity as an important independent significant prognostic factor. The expression of chemokine receptors in cancer cells associated with the expression of the respective chemokine receptor ligands in the target sites of the metastasis is an interesting observation which may stimulate the development of new therapeutic strategies. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;86:172–178. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetic study of triphenylphosphine addition to para‐benzoquinone
Authors: Nori‐Shargh Davood , Farahani Nasrin Saroogh 
Published: June 2004

AbstractKinetics of the addition reaction of triphenylphosphine to para‐benzoquinone in 1,2‐dichloroethane as solvent was studied. Initial rate method was used to determine the order of the reaction with respect to the reactants. Pseudo‐first‐order method was also used to calculate the rate constant. This reaction was monitored by UV‐vis spectrophotometry at 520 nm by variable time method. On the basis of the obtained results, the Arrhenius equation of this reaction was obtained:

equation image

The activation parameters, Ea, ΔH#, ΔG#, and ΔS# at 300 K were 5.701, 6.294, 19.958 kcal mol−1 and −45.853 cal mol−1 K−1, respectively. This reaction is first and second order with respect to triphenylphosphine and para‐benzoquinone, respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36:472–479, 2004
Non‐Hydrolytic Route to Aluminoxane‐Type Derivative for Metallocene Activation towards Olefin Polymerisation
Authors: Dalet Thomas , Cramail Henri , Deffieux Alain 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSummary: Access to methylaluminoxane‐type derivatives by a non‐hydrolytic route is described. The procedure involves the reaction between trimethylaluminium (TMA) and benzoic acid (BA) at temperatures comprised from 20 to 100 °C in toluene. The structure of the different aluminic derivatives formed for different ratios R = TMA/BA as well as the reaction pathways leading to these products were investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy at different temperatures. The monomeric and/or oligomeric “Me2AlOAlMe2” species issued from the reaction between BA and TMA were found to methylate and then activate (cationize) rac‐Et(Ind)2ZrCl2 as shown by UV/visible spectroscopy analysis. This is further confirmed by successful hex‐1‐ene polymerisations carried out in the presence of such activators.UV/visible absorption spectrum of rac‐Et(Ind)2ZrCl2 in toluene recorded in the presence of various amounts of MAO20° (R = 3).magnified imageUV/visible absorption spectrum of rac‐Et(Ind)2ZrCl2 in toluene recorded in the presence of various amounts of MAO20° (R = 3).
On zero‐thickness interface elements for diffusion problems
Authors: Segura J. M. , Carol I. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe present study focuses on the hydraulic behaviour of joints, and, specially, on its numerical implementation in terms of the FEM analysis using a discrete fracture flow approach. Fluid flow through discontinuities has traditionally been modelled using special elements of zero‐thickness, which we can classify into single, double and triple‐nodded. Single node elements are the simplest and consist of ‘line’ or ‘pipe’ elements which are superimposed onto the standard continuum mesh and that can only model the longitudinal conductivity through the discontinuity. On the other hand, some authors have included the influence of a transversal conductivity, and the subsequent localized potential drop, by using triple node interface elements. In those, the two nodes of the adjacent continuum elements represent the potentials in the pore system on each side of the interface, and a third node in the middle represents the average potential of the fluid in the channel represented by the discontinuity. Finally, double node interface elements have also been proposed, which have the advantage of making it possible to use the same FE mesh for both mechanical and flow analysis. In some cases the influence of a transversal conductivity is not considered and, therefore, although geometrically double‐nodded, these elements belong to the single node type and when time comes to solve the system the two nodes must have the same potential, which can only be obtained by the ‘trick’ of prescribing the equivalence of these two d.o.f. before solving the global system of equations. This limitation may, however, be avoided by assuming that the potential in the channel is the average of the two sides of the interface. Based in this simple assumption, an alternative flow interface model has been recently developed and implemented, which preserves both longitudinal and transversal conductivities. An application example is developed and solved with the three types of interfaces described. The results offer useful information regarding the range of applicability and limitations of the new double‐nodded interface element proposed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A projected‐steepest‐descent potential‐reduction algorithm for convex programming problems
Authors: Shi Yixun 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA recent work of Shi (Numer. Linear Algebra Appl. 2002; 9: 195–203) proposed a hybrid algorithm which combines a primal‐dual potential reduction algorithm with the use of the steepest descent direction of the potential function. The $O(\sqrt{n} \mid \ln \, \varepsilon \mid )$ complexity of the potential reduction algorithm remains valid but the overall computational cost can be reduced. In this paper, we make efforts to further reduce the computational costs. We notice that in order to obtain the steepest descent direction of the potential function, the Hessian matrix of second order partial derivatives of the objective function needs to be computed. To avoid this, we in this paper propose another hybrid algorithm which uses a projected steepest descent direction of the objective function instead of the steepest descent direction of the potential function. The $O(\sqrt{n} \mid \ln \, \varepsilon \mid )$ complexity of the original potential reduction algorithm still remains valid but the overall computational cost is further reduced. Our numerical experiments are also reported. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Refined 15‐DOF triangular discrete degenerated shell element with high performances
Authors: Wanji Chen 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA refined discrete degenerated 15‐DOF triangular shell element RDTS15 with high performances is proposed. For constructing the element displacement function, the exact displacement function of the Timoshenko's beam is used as the displacement on the element boundary, and the re‐constitute method for shear strain matrix is adopted. The proposed element can be used in the analysis of both moderate thick and thin plates/shells. Numerical examples presented show that the new model indeed possesses higher accuracy in the analysis of thin and thick plates/shells, and that it can pass the patch test required for the Kirchhoff thin plate elements, and also passed the inf–sup test for free cylindrical shell problems and satisfied both the bending‐ and membrane‐dominated test. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
Pathobiological implications of the expression of markers of testicular carcinoma in situ by fetal germ cells
Authors: Honecker Friedemann , Stoop Hans , de Krijger Ronald R , Chris Lau Yun‐Fai , Bokemeyer Carsten , Looijenga Leendert HJ 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSeveral proteins, such as the placental/germ cell alkaline phosphatases (PLAPs), the stem cell factor receptor c‐KIT, and the transcriptional regulator and marker of pluripotency OCT3/4, have been found in both normal immature and malignant germ cells, known as carcinoma in situ/intratubular germ cell neoplasia unclassified (CIS/ITGCNU). In the present study, immunohistochemical methods were used to evaluate the expression of these markers in a series of male gonads from fetuses from the second and third trimesters, and neonates. In addition to these markers, the presence of VASA (a protein specific for the germ cell lineage), TSPY (the testis‐specific protein, Y‐encoded), and the proliferation index (Ki‐67 antigen) was analysed. All these proteins are reported to be present both during spermatogenesis and in CIS/ITGCNU. Positive staining for VASA with varying intensity was found in all germ cells, while TSPY was predominantly located in the prespermatogonial cells at all developmental ages. In contrast, the markers PLAP, c‐KIT, OCT3/4, and Ki‐67 were more frequent at earlier developmental stages and decreased gradually with time, although they could occasionally be detected in germ cells of neonates. These findings are in line with a declining number of gonocytes during fetal development, concomitant with an increase in the number of prespermatogonia. The latter have lost the immature germ cell phenotype. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that CIS/ITGCNU arises from developmentally arrested germ cells, most likely primordial germ cells/gonocytes, at an early time point during intrauterine development. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): the tissue distribution of the coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) and its putative receptor, angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)
Authors: To KF , Lo Anthony WI 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an emerging infectious disease associated with a new coronavirus, SARS‐CoV. Pulmonary involvement is the dominant clinical feature but extra‐pulmonary manifestations are also common. Factors that account for the wide spectrum of organ system involvement and disease severity are poorly understood and the pathogenesis of SARS‐CoV infection remains unclear. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has recently been identified as the functional cellular receptor for SARS‐CoV. Studies of the tissue and cellular distribution of SARS‐CoV, and ACE2 protein expression, reveal new insights into the pathogenesis of this deadly disease. ACE2 is expressed at high level in the primary target cells of SARS‐CoV, namely pneumocytes and surface enterocytes of the small intestine. Despite the fact that SARS‐CoV can infect the lung and intestine, the tissue responses in these two organs are different. All other tissues and cell types expressing ACE2 may be potential targets of SARS‐CoV infection. Remarkably, endothelial cells, which express ACE2 to a high level, have not been shown to be infected by SARS‐CoV. There is also evidence that cell types without detectable ACE2 expression may also be infected by the virus. Furthermore, studies in a new human cell culture model have indicated that the presence of ACE2 alone is not sufficient for maintaining viral infection. Therefore, other virus receptors or co‐receptors may be required in different tissues. Moreover, the interaction between SARS‐CoV and the immunological or lymphoid system remains to be defined. It is clear that we are only at the dawn of our understanding of the pathogenesis of SARS. As our knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms improves, a more rational approach to therapeutic and vaccine development can be designed in order to combat this new and fatal human disease. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activity of samarocene catalysts adsorbed on mesoporous silicates for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate
Authors: Yasuda Hajime , Nakayama Yuushou , Satoh Yoshinori , Shen Zhiquan , Ni Xufeng , Inoue Miyoshi , Namba Seitaro 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA samarocene complex, (C5Me5)2SmMe(thf), was adsorbed on a series of mesoporous silicates of various pore sizes. Pre‐treatment of the latter with AlMe3 before adding the complex was effective in deactivating the surface silanol functionalities. The silicates having relatively larger pore size tended to adsorb a larger amount of the complex. The polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) by the complex adsorbed on the silicates with large pore sizes (>29 Å) quantitatively afforded highly syndiotactic poly(MMA)s with higher molecular weights compared with those obtained by the corresponding homogeneous system. Similar catalyst systems of smaller pore size were much less active. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry