bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enrichment of a fruit‐based smoothie beverage with omega‐3 fatty acids from microencapsulated chia seed oil
Authors: Copado Claudia N. , Ixtaina Vanesa Y. , Tomás Mabel C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDOmega‐3 fatty acids are known for their various health benefits. Chia is the richest vegetable source of omega‐3 fatty acids. However, its oil is highly susceptible to oxidative deterioration and should be protected for incorporation into food matrices. This work aimed to study the incorporation of different chia oil microcapsules in a powdered beverage, analyzing the effect on the physicochemical characteristics and stability during storage.RESULTSDifferent types of microcapsules were obtained: monolayer microcapsules using sodium caseinate and lactose as wall material, and multilayer microcapsules produced through electrostatic deposition using lecithins, chitosan, and chia mucilage as the first, second, and third layers, respectively. The results demonstrated an efficient enrichment of smoothies, with omega‐3 fatty acid values ranging from 24.09% to 42.73%, while the original food matrix powder lacked this component. These powder beverages exhibited low moisture content (≤ 2.91%) and low water activity (≤ 0.39). The aerated, packed density and compressibility assays indicated that adding microcapsules made the powders less dense and compressible. The color of the original powdered beverage was not modified. The dispersibility reflected an acceptable instantaneity, reaching the maximum obscuration after 30 s of stirring. The solubility of all the enriched products was higher than 70%, whereas the pH was ~6.8. The contact angle between the powder and liquid indicated an excellent ability to be reconstituted in water. The analysis of the glass transition temperature showed that the storage temperature (25 °C) was adequate. The peroxide value of all the products was low throughout the storage (≤ 1.63 meq peroxide kg−1 of oil at 90 days at 25 ± 2 °C), thus maintaining the quality of the microencapsulated chia oil.CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that incorporating the monolayer and multilayer chia oil microcapsules that were studied could be a viable strategy for enriching smoothies with the omega‐3 fatty acids present in chia seed oil. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comparative metabolomic analysis reveals nutritional properties and pigmentation mechanism of tea‐scented rosehips
Authors: Zhou Meichun , Sun Yanlin , Luo Le , Pan Huitang , Zhang Qixiang , Yu Chao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe fruits of the genus Rosa, commonly known as rosehips, have attracted significant attention owing to their rich content of various bioactive compounds. However, their utility is generally secondary to the ornamental appeal of their flowers. This study aimed to explore the quality differences among tea‐scented rosehips found in Yunnan, China, including those of Rosa odorata var. odorata (RO), Rosa odorata var. gigantea (RG), and Rosa yangii (RY). Morphological characteristics, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of their fruits were evaluated.RESULTSThe study revealed significant variability in composition and biological activities based on fruit color. RO exhibited the highest levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and vitamin C, with the strongest antioxidant activity (10.99 μmol Trolox·g−1), followed by RG (7.91 μmol Trolox·g−1) and RY (6.52 μmol Trolox·g−1). This supports RO's potential as a functional food source. Untargeted metabolomics identified and quantified 502 metabolites, with flavonoids (171) and phenolic acids (147) as the main metabolites. The differential metabolites among the fruits are primarily enriched for flavonoid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Insights into color formation supported the role of anthocyanins, flavones, and flavonols in fruit color variation.CONCLUSIONTea‐scented rosehips offer vibrant colors and high nutritional value with potent biological activities. Rosa odorata var. odorata stands out as a functional food source owing to its rich bioactive compounds. These findings lay the groundwork for utilizing rosehips in functional foods, health supplements, and food additives, emphasizing the practical and beneficial applications of Rosa spp. independent of their ornamental value. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Resonance, Velocity, Dispersion, and Attenuation of Ultrasound‐Induced Shear Wave Propagation in Blood Clot In Vitro Models
Authors: Bosio Guillaume , Destrempes François , Yazdani Ladan , Roy Cardinal Marie‐Hélène , Cloutier Guy 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveImprove the characterization of mechanical properties of blood clots. Parameters derived from shear wave (SW) velocity and SW amplitude spectra were determined for gel phantoms and in vitro blood clots.MethodsHomogeneous phantoms and phantoms with gel or blood clot inclusions of different diameters and mechanical properties were analyzed. SW amplitude spectra were used to observe resonant peaks. Parameters derived from those resonant peaks were related to mimicked blood clot properties. Three regions of interest were tested to analyze where resonances occurred the most. For blood experiments, 20 samples from different pigs were analyzed over time during a 110‐minute coagulation period using the Young modulus, SW frequency dispersion, and SW attenuation.ResultsThe mechanical resonance was manifested by an increase in the number of SW spectral peaks as the inclusion diameter was reduced (P < .001). In blood clot inclusions, the Young modulus increased over time during coagulation (P < .001). Descriptive spectral parameters (frequency peak, bandwidth, and distance between resonant peaks) were linearly correlated with clot elasticity values (P < .001) with R2 = .77 for the frequency peak, .60 for the bandwidth, and .48 for the distance between peaks. The SW dispersion and SW attenuation reflecting the viscous behavior of blood clots decreased over time (P < .001), mainly in the early stage of coagulation (first minutes).ConclusionThe confined soft inclusion configuration favored SW mechanical resonances potentially challenging the computation of spectral‐based parameters, such as the SW attenuation. The impact of resonances can be reduced by properly selecting the region of interest for data analysis.
A Heat‐Resistant Polymer Based on the Reversible Change in Polymer Skeleton Structure for Self‐Anticounterfeiting
Authors: Luo Hong , Li Wa , Yuan Rui , Huang Ying , Chen Junze , Yang Li , Chang Guanjun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHeat‐resistant polymer materials have been widely used in many fields, but their anticounterfeit is still a significant challenge. This work has successfully constructed a heat‐resistant polymer material that can achieve self‐anticounterfeit. In response to changes in the external environment, the color of polymer changes from yellow‐green to red reversibly, which is due to the fact that polymer material's backbone undergoes isomerization. Therefore, this high‐performance polymer material can not only be used in a high‐temperature environment for a long time but also achieve its anticounterfeit and be used in advanced security applications.
Compatibility and distribution strategies of asymmetric competing digital platforms
Authors: Zhang Shuhua , Cai Wenyu , Wang Xinyu , Ye Xiaofen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe develop a game theoretic model to study the compatibility and distribution decisions of two asymmetric competing platform owners. It is found that there are two equilibrium distribution structures for the two platform firms. Then a Pareto optimality distribution structure for the two firms is discovered. We proceed to discuss the platform's compatibility decision under the equilibrium distribution structures, and find that the equilibrium compatibility decisions depend on the average royalty. We further examine the impact of firm's distribution decisions over their compatibility decisions. Finally, we discuss how retailers will benefit from platform owner's compatibility decisions.
Skilful sub‐seasonal forecasts of aggregated temperature over Europe
Authors: Baker Laura , Charlton‐Perez Andrew , Mattu Kanzis L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSubseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) forecasts span the prediction range of weeks to 2–3 months ahead, bridging the gap between medium‐range and seasonal weather forecasts. There has been growing interest in S2S forecasts in recent years, largely because of the many potential uses of forecasts spanning these timescales. However, the skill of S2S forecasts beyond the first 2 weeks or so is poor, potentially limiting the usability of these forecasts. We show in this study that when considering accumulated temperatures, there is in fact good forecasting skill over Europe for accumulation periods up to 30 days ahead. Using a set of S2S hindcasts, we show using both a deterministic and a probabilistic measure of skill that the accumulated 2‐metre temperature forecasts out to 30 days are skilful over most of Europe. In summer, South West Europe has highest skill, while in winter North East Europe has highest skill. As an example application of such forecasts, we also evaluate the skill for summer cooling degree‐days (CDD) and winter heating degree‐days (HDD). For 30‐day winter HDD, there is good skill in all four European regions; for 30‐day summer CDD, the skill is limited in North West Europe, but still good in other regions.
Consistent treatment of shear failure in embedded discrete fracture models using XFVM
Authors: Conti Giulia , Deb Rajdeep , Matthäi Stephan K. , Jenny Patrick 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding deformations and fluid flow in fractured rocks is of central importance for many subsurface flow applications. Thus, numerical frameworks are needed that capture the coupled mechanical and hydraulic behaviour, including scenarios with complex fracture networks. This paper employs the extended finite volume method to represent fracture manifolds in a poroelastic matrix domain and to compute shear and tensile displacements of fracture segments. However, using embedded fractures with non‐conforming grids can lead to severe convergence issues while computing shear slip and tensile opening of intersecting and parallel fractures, particularly if they have similar slopes. Our proposed solution of this problem is to slightly deform the fracture geometry by merging critical segments. We discuss and show examples of which attributes the merged segment has to adopt to ensure the correct slip behaviour at an intersection. Thereby it is crucial that the flow topology remains unaltered. Analysing failures of kinked fractures and fracture intersections show the flexibility of the devised algorithm. Moreover, it is demonstrated that deformation and opening patterns of a natural network with more than 200 fractures are qualitatively predicted very well. This method is a simple solution to treat multiple fracture segments in a grid cell, hence it can be used for any model embedding fractures in non‐conforming grids.
Analytical prediction for longitudinal deformation of shield tunnel subjected to ground surface surcharge considering the stiffness reduction
Authors: Cao Shian , Liang Rongzhu , Kang Cheng , Wu Wenbing , Ke Zhaibang , Guo Yang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an improved longitudinal beam‐spring model on the Vlasov foundation for estimating the longitudinal deformation of the shield tunnel when subjected to the ground surface surcharge. This model incorporates an improved subgrade modulus and treats each segmental ring as a Timoshenko short beam, with each circumferential joint modeled by two mechanical springs. It can accurately reflect the discontinuous deformation, and capture the dislocation and opening deformation of shield tunnels. Two‐stage analysis methodology is adopted to consider soil and tunnel interaction. The feasibility of this model is verified by comparing it with two well‐documented field monitoring cases. The computed results are also compared with those based on other analytical models. The results show that the Timoshenko continuous beam overestimates the dislocation deformation, while underestimates the opening deformation. In addition, the settlement curve exhibits neither smooth nor differentiable features. Finally, this paper also conducted some parameter analysis to examine the impact on tunnel deformation, encompassing dimensions of ground surface surcharge, the dual‐area loading, and the joint reinforcement. This approach provides valuable insights into how the deformation characteristics of shield tunnels are influenced by ground surface surcharge.
Aminated carbon nanotube enhanced composite T‐joints mediating CFRP load‐bearing capacity improvement
Authors: Bai Yujiao , Yan Meiling , Xu Zhonghai , Yang Fan , Li Yanping , Liu Wenbo , Wang Rongguo , He Xiaodong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAdhesive bond is the weakest part of carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP) force‐bearing structure. Therefore, enhancing the strength of the adhesive bond is key to improve force‐bearing structure. In this study, adhesive strength of the common CFRP T‐joint was enhanced by aminated carbon nanotubes (CNT). To begin with, shear tensile strength of single‐lap‐joint laminated composites with various CNT content was verified, which peaked at 0.5 wt%. It was indicated that the adhesive bond of deltoid is the weakest area in a T‐joint. CNT was applied in the deltoid of composite T‐joint and pull‐off test was conducted to investigate the progress from the initiation and evolution of damage as well as the final failure. The aminated CNT employed in this study formed an effective load transmission through physical engagement and chemical bonding; the addition of 0.5 wt% CNT effectively enhanced tensile strength and toughness, improving mechanical property of the adhesive bond. This study provides a solution to enhance the adhesive area of CFRP load‐bearing structure with CNT, consequently improve the load‐bearing strength of composite.Highlights
Aminated CNT is substantially improve the adhesive strength of CFRP T‐joint.
Tensile strength and toughness of T‐joint deltoid was optimized by 0.5 wt% CNT.
Effective load transmission through physical engagement and chemical bonding.
Scarcity makes people short‐sighted? Evidence from intertemporal decision‐making
Authors: Zeng Chang , Wu Qi , Bi Cuihua , Qi Huaiyuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith the acceleration of the pace of society, the problem of scarcity of time resources is becoming more prominent, which may lead to short‐sighted behavior. This study aimed to examine the impact of time scarcity on intertemporal choice and its underlying mechanisms through three experiments. Study 1 aimed to investigate the causal relationship between time scarcity and intertemporal choice and the mediating role of anxiety between time scarcity and intertemporal choice. The results showed that participants with a stronger perception of time scarcity were more likely to choose smaller and sooner gains, and that the mediating role of anxiety was significant. In Study 2, the control of time was introduced to explore whether the sense of control could alleviate the negative emotion caused by time scarcity. The results showed that individuals with high levels of control had significantly less anxiety under higher time‐scarcity conditions than those with low levels of control. In Study 3, we manipulated time scarcity and found that the sense of control moderated the mediating effect of anxiety in time scarcity and intertemporal choice. Overall, these findings suggest that the sense of control over time is associated with less anxiety from time scarcity, which in turn fosters preferences for delayed gains.
Interpersonal distance perception during the normalization of an pandemic situation: Effects of mask‐wearing and vaccination
Authors: Yu Xiaoqing , Chen Chun‐Hsien , Xia Ziqing , Wang Congyi , Xiong Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of anti‐pandemic measures, including wearing a face mask and receiving vaccinations, on interpersonal distance (IPD) during the normalization stage of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Virtual reality (VR) technology was used to simulate the experimental environment and a confederate in different conditions. Thirty‐one participants were asked to approach the virtual confederate, who could exhibit three vaccination states and two mask‐wearing conditions, actively and passively in both indoor and outdoor environments. ANOVA results showed that the participants kept a smaller IPD from the confederate wearing a face mask (IPD = 125.6 cm) than from the one without a face mask (IPD = 154.2 cm). The effects of vaccination states were significant, with the largest distance for an unvaccinated confederate (IPD = 182.3 cm) and the smallest distance for the confederate who had received a booster vaccine (IPD = 111.5 cm). Significant effects of environment were also found, with the participants maintaining a larger IPD in an outdoor environment (IPD = 143.4 cm) than in an indoor room (IPD = 136.4 cm). Additionally, the IPD collected when the participants were passively approached (IPD = 149.6 cm) was significantly larger than that obtained when they actively approached the confederate (IPD = 130.3 cm). Moreover, when the participants faced a confederate who had received a booster vaccine and wore a mask, the IPD was not significantly different from that collected before the COVID‐19 pandemic in both the active and passive patterns. These findings help us to better understand the nature of IPD and human behaviors during the normalization stage of the pandemic and provide scientific suggestions for policymakers to develop pandemic‐prevention measures.
Using supramolecular polymerization of DNA to produce tandem repeat proteins
Authors: Amorin Matthew , Coleman Elliot H. , Bermudez Harry 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTandem repeat (TR) proteins are abundant in nature and show diverse biochemical and mechanical properties. However, these proteins can be difficult to synthesize in a precise way because of their repetitive nature. Using a supramolecular polymerization scheme known as hybridization chain reaction, we show how to generate the DNA sequences encoding such TR proteins. The polymerization mechanism allows for identical “monomers” to selectively create TR proteins of different molecular weight. We demonstrate this strategy with examples from elastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) and mussel foot proteins (mfps). Moreover, the scheme can be adapted to create protein libraries through the use of multiple DNA hairpin “monomers.”
It's not all about money: Understanding Chinese student switchers in Britain
Authors: Huang Huan , Cohen Scott 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study challenges the assumption that international students from the Global South migrate to advanced Western economies primarily for economic gain and social distinction. Through temporally focused interviews with Chinese student switchers in the United Kingdom, that is, migrants who moved from China for university and remain working in situ after graduation, we examine how lifestyle factors may come into play in evoking and accommodating (im)mobilities. Our findings reveal how participants' experiences before, during and after international education are narrated as an entanglement of affective and rational concerns. We highlight how their migration decisions are driven by the search for a desired lifestyle that features work–life balance and a perceived release from a work‐oriented and socially pressurized life in China. Yet, their final emplacement remains an open question due to familial responsibilities in China and Chinese citizenship regulations. The study provides an original conceptual amalgamation of student migration and lifestyle mobility, and sheds further light on the importance of life courses in international student migration literature and lifestyle mobility studies.
Excited states of TAPT‐PDA COF spectra based on first principles and quantum chemical calculations
Authors: Chen Nan , Ding Wangyang , Tang Xudong , Li Yongsheng , Su Zihan , Mo Fenglai , Hu Xiaolong , Wan Lingyu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractImproving two‐dimensional (2D) materials is crucial for achieving integrated, intelligent, and multifunctional development of optoelectronic materials. Thus, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the excitation mechanisms of covalent organic framework (COF) materials in order to prepare and modify 2D materials. This study focuses primarily on the optoelectronic properties of TAPT‐PDA COF. First, the geometric structure of TAPT‐PDA COF, which has a pore size of 32.4 Å and a width of 1.75 Å, was determined using first principles and quantum chemical methods. Second, the hole–electron distribution of each excited state of TAPT‐PDA COF was analyzed for oscillator strengths exceeding 0.01. Additionally, the electron transition mechanism for each excited state following photon absorption was investigated. Finally, the study presents the UV–Vis and electronic circular dichroism spectra of TAPT‐PDA COF based on quantitative calculations. To validate the results, the chirality of TAPT‐PDA COF was experimentally confirmed. The graphs and data obtained from the experiments demonstrate that TAPT‐PDA COF exhibits excellent optoelectronic performance and has significant potential for application in optoelectronic devices.
The tendency to appraise stressful situations as more of a threat is associated with poorer health and well‐being
Authors: McLoughlin Ella , Arnold Rachel , Moore Lee J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIt has been argued that habitually appraising stressful events as more of a threat (i.e., situational demands exceed personal coping resources) may increase one's risk of ill‐health (e.g., depression). However, while first theorized 15 years ago, little research has tested this assertion. Thus, this study offered a novel test of the associations between trait challenge and threat appraisals and health‐related outcomes (i.e., mental health symptomology, psychological well‐being, and physical health complaints). Three hundred and ninety‐five participants (251 female, 144 male; Mage = 22.50 years, SD = 5.33) completed valid and reliable measures of trait challenge and threat appraisals, mental health (i.e., symptoms of depression and anxiety), well‐being (e.g., subjective vitality), and physical health complaints (e.g., respiratory illnesses). Regression analyses revealed that trait challenge and threat appraisals accounted for a significant proportion of variance in all outcomes after controlling for age and gender, with a tendency to appraise stressful events as more of a threat associated with poorer mental health (i.e., greater depression symptomology), well‐being (e.g., lower vitality), and physical health (e.g., more respiratory illnesses). Taken together, the findings highlight the importance of trait challenge and threat appraisals for health, although further research is needed using stronger designs (e.g., longitudinal) to enable a more causal understanding.