bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Framing the map of international education (1969-1998)
Authors: Sylvester Robert 
Published: July 2005

English Considering the period 1969-1998 and then building upon the detailed examination of research documents in the period 1893-1969 in two previous articles, this article seeks to complete consideration of how international education has been defined over the course of a century. Utilizing a matrix involving the concepts of international understanding and world citizenship, the article then seeks to place the major research figures of that century within a suggested framework. French En se concentrant sur la période allant de 1969 à 1998 et en se basant sur deux articles précédemment publiés qui examinaient en détail les travaux de recherche effectués entre 1893 et 1969, cet article tente de compléter l'examen des façons dont l'éducation internationale a été définie au cours d'un siècle. En utilisant un tableau comprenant les concepts de compréhension internationale et de citoyenneté mondiale, cet article tente de placer les principaux chercheurs de cette période dans un cadre suggéré. Spanish Este artículo intenta completar el análisis de las formas en que se ha definido a la educación internacional durante más de un siglo, considerando el período 1969-1998, y basándose en dos artículos anteriores que examinaron detalladamente los trabajos de investigación llevados a cabo entre 1893 y 1969. Se ha construido una matriz-marco con dos conceptos principales: entendimiento internacional y civismo global, y se ha ubicado en este marco a las figuras más destacadas en el terreno de la investigación durante el período estudiado.
Cancer Patients’ Perception of the Quality of Communication Before and After the Implementation of a Communication Strategy in a Regional Cancer Center in India
Authors: Nayak Sukdev , Pradhan Jeeta Parija B. , Reddy Suresh , Palmer J. Lynn , Zhang Tao , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: July 2005

Purpose Physician communication is one of the areas that cancer patients have expressed their lowest level of satisfaction. Very few studies have used patient-based outcomes in the Developing world. Methods We conducted a survey of 400 consecutive patients attending our outpatient clinic (Step I). Survey results were used to make changes in the physical layout of the setting to increase privacy and to educate staff regarding practical techniques on communication (Step II). A second group of 400 patients were interviewed immediately after the implementation of the new communication strategy (Step III). Results Comparing Step I (n = 400) and Step III (n = 400) we observed a favorable response (“yes” v “no”) with regard to overall satisfaction with communication in 52 patients (13%) versus 132 patients (33%; P = .0001), privacy in 21 patients (5%) versus 279 patients (70%; P = < .001), no interruptions in 170 patients (42%) versus 330 patients (82%; P = < .001), clear language in 57 patients (14%) versus 227 patients (57%; P = < .001), sufficient time in 88 patients (22%) versus 168 patients (42%; P = < .001), doubts cleared by the doctor in 105 patients (26%) versus 225 patients (56%; P = < .001). Patients older than 65 years and manual laborers were significantly more satisfied compared with younger patients and those patients with nonmanual occupations, during both Steps I and III. Conclusion We conclude that cancer patients in Developing countries have many unmet needs regarding communication and that simple changes in the organization of clinics and oncologist education can result in major improvements in satisfaction with the quality of communication.
Improvement of Photocatalytic Activity of Titanate Pyrochlore Y2Ti2O7 by Addition of Excess Y
Authors: Higashi Masanobu , Abe Ryu , Sayama Kazuhiro , Sugihara Hideki , Abe Yoshimoto 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
We found that Y2Ti2O7 samples prepared by polymerized complex method with excess amounts (5%) of Y showed higher photocatalytic activity for overall water splitting reaction than those prepared with a stoichiometric ratio of Y and Ti (1:1). The excess Y prevented the formation of the impurity TiO2 rutile which forms on the surface of catalysts at high temperatures and thereby decreases photocatalytic activity.
Synthesis of Nickel Selenide Nanocables and Nanotubes
Authors: Zhao Aiwu , Xu Liqiang , Luo Tao , Qian Yitai 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Se@NiSe2 nanocables were synthesized using a procedure that combines self-sacrificing template method and hydrothermal method, in which nanorodes of trigonal selenium served as template. The nickel selenide nanotubes were obtained by appropriate evaporation to remove Se cores.
The Role of the Protein Matrix in Green Fluorescent Protein Fluorescence
Authors: Maddalo Scott L. , Zimmer Marc 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTIn the ground state of the highly conjugated green fluorescent protein (GFP), the chromophore should be planar. However, numerous crystal structures of GFP and GFP‐like proteins have been reported with slightly twisted chromophores. We have previously shown that the protein cavity surrounding the chromophore in wild‐type GFP is not complementary with a planar chromophore. This study shows that the crystal structure of wild‐type GFP is not an anomaly: most of the GFP and GFP‐like proteins in the protein databank have a protein matrix that is not complementary with a planar chromophore. When the π‐conjugation across the ethylenic bridge of the chromophore is removed the protein matrix will significantly twist the freely rotating chromophore from the relatively planar structures found in the crystal structures. The possible consequences of this nonplanar deformation on the photophysics of GFP are discussed. A volume analysis of the cis‐trans‐isomerization of HBDI, a GFP chromophore model compound, reveals that its hula‐twist motion is volume conserving. This means that, if the GFP chromophore or GFP chromophore model compounds undergo a cis‐trans‐isomerization in a volume‐constricting medium, such as a protein matrix or viscous liquid, it will probably isomerize by means of a HT‐type motion.
Intensive vs Conventional Blood Pressure Control After Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Ghozy Sherief , Mortezaei Ali , Elfil Mohamed , Abdelghaffar Mariam , Kobeissi Hassan , Aladawi Mohammad , Abbas Alzhraa S. , Nayak Sandeep S. , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Kallmes David F. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceEndovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large-vessel occlusion (LVO), but optimal post-EVT blood pressure (BP) control remains debated.ObjectiveTo assess the association of different systolic BP targets following EVT with functional outcomes, mortality, and complications in patients with AIS due to LVO.Data SourcesSystematic review and meta-analysis of databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) to September 8, 2023.Study SelectionInclusion criteria consisted of randomized clinical trials examining post-EVT management of systolic BP in patients with AIS and LVO comparing intensive vs conventional targets. Nonrandomized studies, observational studies, noninterventional trials, meeting abstracts, duplicate studies, studies with overlapping data, and non–English language studies were excluded. Two authors independently applied these criteria through a blinded review, with discrepancies resolved through consensus. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trials.Data Extraction and SynthesisThis study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Three authors extracted data regarding study characteristics, baseline patient data, and outcomes of interest. The pooled data were analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRates of functional independence, 90-day mortality, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and hypotensive events.ResultsA total of 4 randomized clinical trials with 1571 initially enrolled patients were included in the analysis. Lower functional independence rates were observed in the intensive control group (relative risk [RR], 0.81 [95% CI, 0.67-0.98]). No significant differences were found in 90-day mortality (RR, 1.18 [95% CI, 0.92-1.52]), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (RR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.75-1.67]), or hypotensive events (RR, 1.80 [95% CI, 0.37-8.76]). There was minimal heterogeneity among the studies included in the functional independence outcome (I2 = 13% and τ2 = 0.003), which was absent among other outcomes (I2 = 0 and τ2 = 0).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that intensive post-EVT BP reduction does not yield benefits and may carry risks. While awaiting the results of additional ongoing trials, a conservative BP management strategy after endovascular recanalization is favored in daily practice.
Feasibility of Ethos adaptive treatments of lung tumors and associated quality assurance
Authors: Wegener Sonja , Weick Stefan , Schindhelm Robert , Tamihardja Jörg , Sauer Otto A. , Razinskas Gary 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMotivationOnline adaptive radiotherapy with Ethos is based on the anatomy determined from daily cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Dose optimization and computation are performed on the density map of a synthetic CT (sCT), a deformable registration of the initial planning CT (pCT) onto the current CBCT. Large density changes as present in the lung region are challenging the system.MethodsTreatment plans for Ethos were created and delivered for 1, 2, and 3 cm diameter lung lesions in an anthropomorphic phantom, combining different insets in the pCT and during adaptive and non‐adaptive treatment sessions. Primary and secondary dose calculations as well as back‐projected dose from portal images were evaluated.ResultsDensity changes due to changed insets were not considered in the sCTs. This resulted in errors in the dose; for example, ‐15.9% of the mean dose for a plan when changing from a 3 cm inset in the pCT to 1 cm at the time of treatment. Secondary dose calculation is based on the sCT and could therefore not reveal these dose errors. However, dose calculation on the CBCT, either as a recalculation in the treatment planning system or as pre‐treatment quality assurance (QA) before the treatment, indicated the differences. EPID in‐vivo QA also reported discrepancies between calculated and delivered dose distributions.ConclusionsAn incorrect density distribution in the sCT has an impact on the dose calculation accuracy in the adaptive treatment workflow with the Ethos system. Additional quality checks of the sCT can detect such errors.
General and Pain‐Associated Psychological Distress Phenotypes Among Patients With Low Back Pain in the Military Health System
Authors: Rhon Daniel I. , George Steven Z. , Greenlee Tina A. , Farrokhi Shawn , Lentz Trevor A. 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveThe primary objective was to describe rates of general and pain‐related psychological distress for individuals with low back pain (LBP) in the Military Health System (MHS). We identified common phenotypes defined by rates of general and pain‐related psychological distress and compared phenotypes on their level of pain interference, physical function, anxiety, and depression.MethodsWe created a cohort from two completed trials assessing nonpharmacological treatment for LBP in the MHS (n = 510 total). The Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome Yellow Flag assessment tool identified the presence of 11 different yellow flags. Latent class analysis (LCA) used yellow flag indicators to identify common psychological phenotypes. We then compared Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems measures of pain interference, physical function, sleep disturbance, depression, and anxiety across phenotypes.ResultsLCA identified five phenotypes (percentage of the sample): low distress (32%), high distress (27%), poor pain coping and low self‐efficacy (18%), low self‐efficacy and acceptance (14%), and poor pain coping (10%). Highly distressed phenotypes reported higher levels of pain interference, sleep disturbance, depression, and anxiety than those with other phenotypes, whereas the low distress phenotype had significantly lower pain interference and higher physical function scores than those characterized by all other phenotypes.ConclusionThese phenotypes provide opportunities for clinicians and researchers to develop novel LBP treatment pathways tailored to patients with different profiles of psychological distress. Future work is needed to validate their predictive capabilities for clinical outcomes.
The Lithbea Domain
Authors: Gómez‐Márquez Jaime 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe tree of life is the evolutionary metaphor for the past and present connections of all cellular organisms. Today, to speak of biodiversity is not only to speak of archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes, but they should also consider the “new biodiversity” that includes viruses and synthetic organisms, which represent the new forms of life created in laboratories. There is even a third group of artificial entities that, although not living systems, pretend to imitate the living. To embrace and organize all this new biodiversity, I propose the creation of a new domain, with the name Lithbea (from life‐on‐the‐border entites) The criteria for inclusion as members of Lithbea are: i) the acellular nature of the living system, ii) its origin in laboratory manipulation, iii) showing new biological traits, iv) the presence of exogenous genetic elements, v) artificial or inorganic nature. Within Lithbea there are two subdomains: Virworld (from virus world) which includes all viruses, regarded as lifeless living systems, and classified according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), and ii) Humade (from human‐made) which includes all synthetic organisms and artificial entities. The relationships of Lithbea members to the three classical woesian domains and their implications are briefly discussed.
Tunable Ferroelectric Topological Defects on 2D Topological Surfaces: Complex Strain Engineering Skyrmion‐Like Polar Structures in 2D Materials
Authors: Xu Bo , Gong Zhanpeng , Liu Jingran , Hong Yunfei , Yang Yang , Li Lou , Liu Yilun , Deng Junkai , Liu Jefferson Zhe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPolar topological structures in ferroelectric materials have attracted significant interest due to their fascinating physical properties and promising applications in high‐density, nonvolatile memories. Currently, most polar topological patterns are only observed in the bulky perovskite superlattices. In this work, a discovery of tunable ferroelectric polar topological structures is reported, designed, and achieved using topological strain engineering in two‐dimensional (2D) PbX (X = S, Se, and Te) materials via integrating first‐principles calculations, machine learning molecular dynamics simulations, and continuum modeling. First‐principles calculations discover the strain‐induced reversible ferroelectric phase transition with diverse polarization directions strongly correlated to the straining conditions. Taking advantage of the mechanical flexibility of 2D PbX, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, it is successfully demonstrated that the complex strain fields of 2D topological surfaces under mechanical indentation can generate unique skyrmion‐like polar topological vortex patterns. Further continuum simulations for experimentally accessible larger‐scale 2D topological surfaces uncover multiple skyrmion‐like structures (i.e., vortex, anti‐vortex, and flux‐closure) and transition between them by adopting/designing different types of mechanical loadings (such as out‐of‐plane indention and air blowing). Topological surfaces with various designable reversible polar topological structures can be tailored by complex straining flexible 2D materials, which provides excellent opportunities for next‐generation nanoelectronics and sensor devices.
Bioinspired, Bioactive, and Bactericidal: Anodized Nanotextured Dental Implants
Authors: Chopra Divya , Guo Tianqi , Jayasree Anjana , Gulati Karan , Ivanovski Sašo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBioinspired titanium implant nanotexturing achieved via advanced techniques such as lithography, hydrothermal and laser patterning enables modulation of cell functions toward enhanced bioactivity and antibacterial efficacy. However, such costly, multi‐step methods limit clinical translation and benchtop implant modification. For the first time, single‐step, cost‐effective, and translatable electrochemical anodization is reported to fabricate bioinspired nanopillar‐like textures on micro‐rough titanium. In‐depth surface characterization confirms the formation of novel nanostructures, namely nanoscale Spinules, Daggers, Papillae, Spikes, and Flames, exhibiting varied roughness and wettability. Next, in separate experiments, primary human osteoblasts and polymicrobial salivary biofilm are cultured on the implant substrates. Nanotextured surfaces show high protein adhesion and maintain the proliferation, adhesion, and spreading of osteoblasts. Interestingly, all nanotextures exhibit superior antibiofilm abilities compared to control surfaces. Bioactive and antibacterial implant surface nano‐texturing achieved via single‐step anodization has the potential for clinical translation as the next generation of orthopedic and dental implant surface modification.
Solution‐Processed Perovskite Quantum Dot Quasi‐BIC Laser from Miniaturized Low‐Lateral‐Loss Cavity
Authors: Xing Di , Chen Mu‐Hsin , Wang Zhiyu , Deng Chih‐Zong , Ho Ya‐Lun , Lin Bo‐Wei , Lin Cheng‐Chieh , Chen Chun‐Wei , Delaunay Jean‐Jacques 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLaser devices produced via solution‐processed perovskite quantum dots (QDs) offer broad spectral tunability as well as ease of fabrication. Utilizing quasi‐bound states in the continuum (quasi‐BIC) modes, solution‐processed QD laser devices have been demonstrated with a nanostructure coated in a thin‐film gain media configuration. However, light leakage through thin‐film guiding from the cavity side edges becomes more pronounced when shrinking the cavity size, posing challenges for the miniaturization of quasi‐BIC‐based lasers. Here, the fabrication of well‐defined patterns of QDs via a solution process allows them to take advantage of the pattern edges to reduce losses through the cavity edges. A single‐mode BIC laser is reported by using CsPbBr3 QDs with a narrow linewidth of ≈0.1 nm. Importantly, a miniaturized quasi‐BIC laser is realized with a device size as small as 10 × 10 µm2, making it the smallest among existing solution‐processed BIC lasers. This work provides a strategy for developing ultra‐compact BIC lasers via solution‐processed gain media.
Skin‐Attached Arrayed Piezoelectric Sensors for Continuous and Safe Monitoring of Oculomotor Movements
Authors: Kim Nam‐In , Chen Jie , Wang Weijie , Kim Ja‐Yeon , Kwon Min‐Ki , Moradnia Mina , Pouladi Sara , Ryou Jae‐Hyun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAbnormal oculomotor movements are known to be linked to various types of brain disorders, physical/mental shocks to the brain, and other neurological disorders, hence its monitoring can be developed into a simple but effective diagnostic tool. To overcome the limitations in the current eye‐tracking system and electrooculography, a piezoelectric arrayed sensor system is developed using single‐crystalline III‐N thin‐film transducers, which offers advantages of mechanical flexibility, biocompatibility, and high electromechanical conversion, for continuous monitoring of oculomotor movements by skin‐attachable, safe, and highly sensitive sensors. The flexible piezoelectric eye movement sensor array (F‐PEMSA), consisting of three transducers, is attached to the face temple area where it can be comfortably wearable and can detect the muscles’ activity associated with the eye motions. Output voltages from upper, mid, and lower sensors (transducers) on different temple areas generate discernable patterns of output voltage signals with different combinations of positive/negative signs and their relative magnitudes for the various movements of eyeballs including 8 directional (lateral, vertical, and diagonal) and two rotational movements, which enable various types of saccade and pursuit tests. The F‐PEMSA can be used in clinical studies on the brain‐eye relationship to evaluate the functional integrity of multiple brain systems and cognitive processes.
Self‐Propulsion by Directed Explosive Emulsification
Authors: Wu Xuefei , Xue Han , Bordia Gautam , Fink Zachary , Kim Paul Y. , Streubel Robert , Han Jiale , Helms Brett A. , Ashby Paul D. , Omar Ahmad K. , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn active droplet system, programmed to repeatedly move autonomously at a specific velocity in a well‐defined direction, is demonstrated. Coulombic energy is stored in oversaturated interfacial assemblies of charged nanoparticle‐surfactants by an applied DC electric field and can be released on demand. Spontaneous emulsification is suppressed by an increase in the stiffness of the oversaturated assemblies. Rapidly removing the field releases the stored energy in an explosive event that propels the droplet, where thousands of charged microdroplets are ballistically ejected from the surface of the parent droplet. The ejection is made directional by a symmetry breaking of the interfacial assembly, and the combined interaction force of the microdroplet plume on one side of the droplet propels the droplet distances tens of times its size, making the droplet active. The propulsion is autonomous, repeatable, and agnostic to the chemical composition of the nanoparticles. The symmetry‐breaking in the nanoparticle assembly controls the microdroplet velocity and direction of propulsion. This mechanism of droplet propulsion will advance soft micro‐robotics, establishes a new type of active matter, and introduces new vehicles for compartmentalized delivery.
Hybrid Foams based on Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Cellulose Nanocrystals for Anisotropic Electromagnetic Shielding and Heat Transport
Authors: Schiele Carina , Di Andi , Hadi Seyed Ehsan , Rangaiah Pramod K. B. , Augustine Robin , Bergström Lennart 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLightweight and mechanically robust hybrid foams based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with an anisotropic structure are prepared by directional ice‐templating. The anisotropic hybrid CNC‐MWCNT foams displayed a combination of highly anisotropic thermal conductivity and an orientation‐dependent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding with a maximum EMI shielding efficiency (EMI‐SE) of 41–48 dB between 8 and 12 GHz for the hybrid foam with 22 wt% MWCNT. The EMI‐SE is dominated by absorption (SEA) which is important for microwave absorber applications. Modelling of the low radial thermal conductivity highlighted the importance of phonon scattering at the heterogeneous CNC‐MWCNT interfaces while the axial thermal conductivity is dominated by the solid conduction along the aligned rod‐like particles. The lightweight CNC‐MWCNT foams combination of an anisotropic thermal conductivity and EMI shielding efficiency is unusual and can be useful for directional heat transport and EMI shielding.