bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravaginal misoprostol versus Foley catheter for cervical ripening and induction of labor
Authors: Afolabi B.B. , Oyeneyin O.L. , Ogedengbe O.K. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of 100 μg of intravaginal misoprostol with intracervical Foley catheter for cervical ripening and induction of labor.MethodOne hundred women being induced in the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, were randomized to receive a single 100 μg dose of misoprostol intravaginally or intracervical insertion of Foley catheter. Data analyses were by the Student's t‐test and chi‐square test.ResultMisoprostol was more effective in terms of induction to delivery interval (11.84 ± 5.43 versus 20.03 ± 4.68 h, P < 0.05), change in Bishop score, and number delivered within 24 h, in patients with a one‐time successful induction. Uterine hyperactivity and rupture were more frequent in the misoprostol group.ConclusionA single 100 μg dose of intravaginal misoprostol is more efficacious than intracervical insertion of Foley catheter for cervical ripening and induction of labor. Further studies using lower doses are needed to determine the safest dose.
Neuroprotective activity of the mGluR5 antagonists MPEP and MTEP against acute excitotoxicity differs and does not reflect actions at mGluR5 receptors
Authors: Lea Paul M , Movsesyan Vilen A , Faden Alan I 
Published: April 2005

Neuroprotection has been reported after either activation or blockade of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5). However, some recent evidence suggests that protection provided by mGluR5 antagonists may reflect their ability to inhibit N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity.
Here, in both rat and mouse cortical neurons, we compare the neuroprotective actions of two mGluR5 antagonists: 2‐methyl‐6‐(phenylethynyl)‐pyridine (MPEP), which has been commonly used and 3‐[(2‐methyl‐1,3‐thiazol‐4‐yl)ethynyl]pyridine (MTEP), a more recently developed compound believed to have greater mGluR5 selectivity. We have previously shown that MPEP directly reduces single‐channel NMDA receptor open time at the same concentrations (20 μM or greater) that show neuroprotection, whereas MPEP antagonizes mGluR5 agonist ((RS)‐2‐chloro‐5‐hydroxyphenylglycine (CHPG))‐induced changes in inositol phosphates (IP) at concentrations as low as 0.2 μM.
In the present studies, MTEP significantly inhibited CHPG‐mediated IP hydrolysis at concentrations as low as 0.02 μM. In contrast to MPEP, which significantly reduced glutamate‐ or NMDA‐mediated cell death in primary rat neuronal cultures at a concentration of 20 μM, small neuroprotective effects were observed with MTEP only at a concentration of 200 μM. Neither MPEP‐ nor MTEP‐mediated mGluR5 inhibition had any effect on etoposide‐induced apoptotic cell death. In rat cortical neurons, the neuroprotective effects of MTEP at very high concentrations, like those of MPEP, reflect ability to directly reduce NMDA receptor peak and steady‐state currents.
We also compared the effects of MPEP and MTEP in primary cortical neuronal cultures from parental and mGluR5 knockout mice. Both agents were neuroprotective, at high concentrations in normal as well as in the knockout cultures. In contrast to rat cortical neurons, neither MPEP nor MTEP appears to directly alter NMDA receptor activity.
Combined, these studies support the conclusion that MTEP has greater mGluR5 selectivity than MPEP, and that neuroprotection provided by either antagonist in neuronal cultures does not reflect inhibition of mGluR5 receptors.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 145, 527–534. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706219
Polymerase chain reaction primers for microsatellite loci in the common frog Rana temporaria
Authors: Rowe Graham , Beebee Trevor J. C. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe obtained a microsatellite‐enriched genomic library from the common frog Rana temporaria using hybrid selection. From this library we isolated and characterized 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci and a single bi‐allelic marker. Primers and conditions for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of all these loci are described.
Microsatellite DNA loci in Pacific abalone Haliotis discus discus (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Haliotidae)
Authors: Sekino M. , Hara M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFive novel microsatellite loci were isolated from Pacific abalone Haliotis discus discus, and the polymorphisms were examined to estimate genetic varaiability. The genetic variabilities varied depending on the locus: the number of alleles ranged from 3 to 10, and the observed and expected hetrozygosity ranged from 0.17 to 0.80, and 0.20 to 0.89, respectively. Two loci showed significant Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium at the 0.01 < P < 0.05 levels. The high variabilities revealed in this study were evidently higher than that observed in allozyme loci, suggesting that these microsatellites should prove useful for various genetic investigations.
Characterization of seven microsatellite marker loci in the Malagasy civet (Fossa fossana)
Authors: Sovey K. C. , Dollar L. , Kerridge F. , Barber R. C. , Louis E. E. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe describe seven polymorphic markers that have been developed for the Malagasy civet (Fossa fossana) or Fanaloka, a nocturnal viverrid carnivore endemic to the island of Madagascar. We report primer sequences and annealing temperatures, as well as observed and expected heterozygosity values for each of these markers. The genotype frequencies for six of the markers significantly differed from Hardy–Weinberg expectations. This deviation may have been due to the presence of null alleles or to small sample size in conjunction with a high level of polymorphism.
Isolation and characterization of novel microsatellite markers from the Australian water skink Eulamprus kosciuskoi and cross‐species amplification in other members of the species‐group
Authors: Scott Ian A. W. , Hayes Christine M. , Keogh J. Scott , Morrison Suzanne F. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA panel of six samples from three Eulamprus species was used to screen 24 primer pairs developed from the Australian water skink Eulamprus kosciuskoi. We provide details of 10 microsatellite loci that exhibited the cleanest and strongest banding patterns. We also screened six of these microsatellite loci against 118 individuals from a population of E. heatwolei. These microsatellites exhibited large numbers of alleles per locus (4–19) and high heterozygosity (0.271–0.898) in this population. This suggests that they will be extremely useful for investigating mating systems and other facets of population biology in these lizards.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in Rubus alceifolius Poir. (Rosaceae), an invasive weed in La Réunion island
Authors: Amsellem L. , Dutech C. , Billotte N. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis study characterized eight microsatellite loci of the invasive weed Rubus alceifolius, and represents the first microsatellite markers published for any Rubus species. They proved to be highly polymorphic in Asian natural populations, and could be used to compare the reproductive biology of this weed between its native range and its areas of introduction. A screening of a Vietnamese half‐sib progeny showed that sexuality occurs in this geographical range of R. alceifolius. Moreover, four of them could be potentially transferable to 14 other tropical Rubus species from the subgenera Idaeobatus and Malachobatus.
Technique for analysis of bryozoan mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Porter J. S. , Skibinski D. O. F. , Leamon J. , Hayward P. J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe use of non‐specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) primers can frequently result in the erroneous amplification of DNA from contaminating organisms or from mtDNA nuclear inserts. A reliable method for deriving species‐specific mtDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers using genomic and mtDNA enriched preparations from the same individual is described.
New polymorphic microsatellite markers for the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) and their applicability to the grey squirrel (S. carolinensis)
Authors: Hale M. L. , Bevan R. , Wolff K. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe geographical range of the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) in Britain has decreased substantially since the introduction of the American grey squirrel (S. carolinensis). We have developed 21 novel, polymorphic microsatellite markers for S. vulgaris to enable analysis of population genetic structure in this species. All 21 markers amplify well, and are generally polymorphic in S. carolinensis, allowing a comparison of population structure of both the introduced and native squirrel species.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) and their amplification in the family Cheirogaleidae
Authors: Radespiel U. , Funk S. M. , Zimmermann E. , Bruford M. W. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWithin this study seven polymorphic microsatellite primers were developed for the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) from two partial genomic libraries. One protocol was based on an initial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and resulted in a 5.5% enrichment, whereas the second protocol included an enrichment with three rounds of capture which yielded a 38.0% enrichment. The genotypes of 12 captive and 162 free‐living animals were determined with the newly developed primers and all seven confirmed Mendelian inheritance. All primers amplified in several species of the family Cheirogaleidae, demonstrating their general suitability for microsatellite analyses within this taxonomic group.
Nondestructive DNA extraction from sperm whale teeth and scrimshaw
Authors: Pichler F. B. , Dalebout M. L. , Baker C. S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus), have been hunted throughout their global distribution. As a result, sizeable collections of sperm whale teeth and scrimshaw are held in museum and private collections. Access to these specimens for genetic analysis is limited due to the tendency of DNA extraction techniques to destructively sample such specimens. Here we demonstrate that small amounts of bone powder, collected by drilling inside the root cavity, can yield sufficient DNA for sequencing without adversely affecting the specimen's appearance. We anticipate that owners and curators of sperm whale teeth will be more amenable to genetic analysis using this extraction method.
A rapid and efficient method for the isolation of mitochondrial DNA from angiosperm tree species. Application to the restriction fragment length polymorphism distinction between European and American ashes
Authors: Morand M. E. , Vedel F. , Raquin C. , Frascaria‐Lacoste N. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA simplified method for the isolation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from several angiosperm tree species is described. The procedure does not require gradient ultracentrifugation or organic solvent extractions and can be performed in a single day. mtDNA was isolated from flower buds collected from adult trees just after the first pollen mitosis and purified by gravity flow through disposable columns containing an anion‐exchange resin. The method led to restrictable mtDNA from the tree species analysed. Restriction patterns enabled us to distinguish between European and American ashes.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus)
Authors: Streiff R. , Guillemaud T. , Alberto F. , Magalhães J. , Castro M. , Cancela M. L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractTo assess the level and spatial pattern of genetic diversity of a marine crustacean species, Nephrops norvegicus, hypervariable molecular markers were obtained by screening of a partial genomic library enriched for microsatellite dinucleotide motifs. Following sequencing of the positive clones, 10 pairs of primers were designed and five of them were shown to detect polymorphic loci. These loci were checked for their variability in two natural populations, fished off the Portuguese coast. They showed a high variability for the number of alleles, and for the expected and observed heterozygosities. No significant differentiation between the two localities was observed.
Characterization of microsatellite loci in Spix's disk‐winged bats (Thyroptera tricolor)
Authors: Vonhof M. J. , Davis C. S. , Strobeck C. , Fenton M. B. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe describe the development of 11 microsatellite loci for Spix's disk‐winged bats, Thyroptera tricolor. Microsatellite markers were located using standard methodology, and tested on a population of 40 animals from Tortuguero, Costa Rica. These 11 loci had 2–18 alleles per locus, and, with the exception of two loci (TT4 and TT17), had observed and expected heterozygosities of greater than 70%. Cross‐species amplification was largely limited to another member of the same family, but several loci amplified polymorphic product in species from three other families.
A panel of microsatellites developed for meerkats (Suricata suricatta) by cross‐species amplification and species‐specific cloning
Authors: Griffin A. S. , Nürnberger B. , Pemberton J. M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe describe the compilation of a panel of 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci suitable for inference of parentage and relatedness in the cooperatively breeding meerkat (Suricata suricatta). First, three of 70 microsatellite primer pairs characterized from other carnivores, specifically cat (Felix catta), dog (Canis familiaris) and grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) revealed polymorphic microsatellites in meerkats. Second, a further nine loci were isolated from meerkats by screening a plasmid library with a 32P‐labelled (CA)15 probe.
Characterization of microsatellite loci for Trigona carbonaria, a stingless bee endemic to Australia
Authors: Green Catherine L. , Franck Pierre , Oldroyd Benjamin P. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMicrosatellite loci were isolated from Trigona carbonaria (family Apidae; tribe Meliponini), a stingless bee endemic to Australia, following the screening of a partial genomic library with several simple‐repeat oligonucleotide probes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed to DNA sequence flanking a selection of trinucleotide and dinucleotide repeat sequences within positive clones. Nine of 10 microsatellite loci were found to be polymorphic amongst 20 unrelated T. carbonaria workers, with observed heterozygosity estimates ranging from 0.168 to 0.800. For many of the primers, distinct polymorphic products were also amplified when used in reactions with DNA from a selection of other bee species.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers in Schistosoma mansoni from Africa
Authors: Blair L. , Webster J. P. , Barker G. C. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe ability of microsatellite loci to reveal genetic diversity between individuals of the digenean trematode Schistosoma mansoni was investigated. A total of 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated and optimized, allowing the variability at each locus amplified within 12 individuals from three African populations to be assessed. Allelic diversity and observed heterozygosity (HO) figures ranged from 2 to 6 and 0.33 to 1.00, respectively. These results indicated high variability both between individuals and populations, highlighting the suitability of these microsatellites for future population genetic surveys.
Isolation of polymorphic microsatellite markers from the malaria vector Anopheles darlingi
Authors: Conn Jan E. , Bollback Jonathan P. , Onyabe David Y. , Robinson Tessa N. , Wilkerson Richard C. , Póvoa Marinete M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractHigh molecular weight DNA was extracted from the primary Neotropical malaria vector, Anopheles darlingi from Capanema, Pará, Brazil, to create a small insert genomic library, and then a phagemid library. Enriched sublibraries were constructed from the phagemid library using a microsatellite oligo primed second strand synthesis protocol. The resulting 242 760 individual clones were screened. The mean clone size of the positive clones was 302 bp. Flanking primers were designed for each suitable microsatellite sequence. Eight polymorphic loci were optimized and characterized. The allele size ranges are based on 253 samples of A. darlingi from eastern Amazonian and central Brazil.
GFP‐tagged pollen to monitor pollen flow of transgenic plants
Authors: Hudson L. C. , Chamberlain D. , Stewart C. N. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this study, the pollen‐active LAT59 promoter from tomato was used to express a green fluorescent protein (GFP) encoding gene in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) pollen. This promoter is preferentially expressed in anthers and pollen. Pollen in transgenic plants segregated in a 1 : 1 Mendelian ratio, and the plants were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐positive. GFP‐tagged pollen was developed as a tool for tracking the movement of transgenic plant pollen in the environment. Specifically, it should be a useful tool for characterizing the spatial distribution patterns of transgenic pollen, to determine pollination mechanisms, to monitor the effects on nontarget organisms, and to monitor gene flow in field conditions.
Microsatellite markers in soil‐feeding termites (Cubitermes subarquatus, Isoptera, Termitidae, Termitinae)
Authors: Harry M. , Roose C. L. , Garnier‐Sillam E. , Solignac M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSeven microsatellite markers were isolated from Cubitermes subarquatus belonging to the soil‐feeding termite trophic group that plays a key role in tropical rain forests. A variability study performed by using a population of C. subarquatus (n = 73) sampled in the La Lopé forest reserve (Gabon) from 42 nests revealed from 4 to 12 alleles per locus and an heterozygosity from 0.28 to 0.84. Tests for cross‐species amplification realized in the sympatric C. intercalatus and in eight other sympatric termite genera indicated a wider application of the primers isolated from Cubitermes in soil‐feeding termites.
Highly polymorphic microsatellite loci in the facultatively eusocial hover wasp, Liostenogaster flavolineata and cross‐species amplification
Authors: Sumner S. , Field J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe describe eight polymorphic microsatellite loci for facultatively eusocial hover wasps (Hymenoptera: Stenogastrinae). Loci were isolated from a partial genomic library of Liostenogaster flavolineata DNA, enriched for GA repeats and an unenriched library of Liostenogaster vechti DNA. We present our results of cross‐species amplification in three species: L. flavolineata, L. vechti and Parischnogaster alternata.
Electrophoresis artefacts — a previously unrecognized cause of error in microsatellite analysis
Authors: Fernando Prithiviraj , Evans Ben J. , Morales Juan Carlos , Melnick Don J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWhile microsatellite genotyping has found wide application in many fields, a number of causes that could lead to error in microsatellite genotyping have been previously reported. Here we report another cause of error that we term ‘Electrophoresis Artefacts’ (EA), which arise when high concentrations of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products are electrophoresed in ABI 377 automated sequencers. We describe the phenomenon of EAs, characterize PCR and gel running conditions that cause them and suggest a simple method of overcoming this problem.
estim 1.0: a computer program to infer population parameters from one‐ and two‐locus gene identity probabilities
Authors: Vitalis R. , Couvet D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractEstimating effective population size is an important issue in population and conservation genetics. Recently, we proposed a new method to infer effective size and migration rate from one‐ and two‐locus identity probability measures. We now announce the release of a user‐friendly Microsoft® Windows program that uses this method to provide joint estimates of local effective population size and immigration rate for each subpopulation in a population genetics data set.
Polymorphic microsatellites in the African freshwater snail, Bulinus forskalii (Gastropoda, Pulmonata)
Authors: Gow J. L. , Noble L. R. , Rollinson D. , Jones C. S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractEleven microsatellites were isolated in the freshwater snail Bulinus forskalii, intermediate host for the medically important trematode Schistosoma intercalatum. Characterization in 60 snails from three populations of B. forskalii from Cameroon revealed 4 to 18 alleles per locus. Low observed heterozygosity but higher expected heterozygosity, high FIS estimates, significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and genotypic linkage disequilibria all indicate that B. forskalii is a preferential selfer. High FST estimates suggest that effective dispersal is limited and genetic drift is an important determinant of genetic structure. The potential utility of the microsatellite primers in other closely related Bulinus species was explored.
Microsatellite markers in the primitive termite Mastotermes darwiniensis
Authors: Goodisman Michael A. D. , Evans Theodore A. , Ewen John G. , Crozier Ross H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe developed 10 microsatellite loci in the primitive termite Mastotermes darwiniensis. The number of alleles per locus ranged from four to 15, and the expected heterozygosites spanned from 0.21 to 0.90, in a sample of 40 workers collected from the Northern Territory, Australia. We also determined that only two loci amplified in five other termite species. The low frequency of cross‐amplification probably resulted from the high level of phylogenetic divergence between M. darwiniensis and the other taxa. Thus, although the loci are not widely applicable, they should prove effective in elucidating the genetic structure of M. darwiniensis populations.
Molecular identification of three sympatric species of wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus, A. flavicollis, A. alpicola) in western Europe (Muridae: Rodentia)
Authors: Michaux J. R. , Kinet S. , Filippucci M.‐G. , Libois R. , Besnard A. , Catzeflis F. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe woodmouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) and yellow‐necked fieldmouse (Apodemus flavicollis) are sympatric and even syntopic in many regions throughout their European range. Their field discrimination on the basis of external characters is a real challenge for many fields of research. The problem is even more complicated in the Alpine chain where they live sympatrically with a third similar species: A. alpicola. A rapid and simple method is proposed to discriminate the three species in processing field‐collected biopsies as well as ethanol‐preserved museum samples.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in the Southeast Asian river catfish Mystus nemurus
Authors: Usmani S. , Tan S. G. , Siraj S. S. , Yusoff K. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA total of 26 simple sequence repeats were identified using a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) based technique in the Southeast Asian river catfish Mystus nemurus. We report on the characterization of five polymorphic microsatellite loci in M. nemurus. The average number of alleles per locus was 3.2. These are the first microsatellite loci that have been developed for this species. These markers should prove useful as tools for managing the brood stocks and for future aquacultural development of this species.
Genome walking with consensus primers: application to the large single copy region of chloroplast DNA
Authors: Grivet D. , Heinze B. , Vendramin G. G. , Petit R. J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractConserved chloroplast (cp) DNA primer pairs are useful in plant molecular genetics, evolution and ecology. We have designed 20 conserved cpDNA primer pairs that, in combination with 18 previously described ones, amplify overlapping fragments (mean size of 2.5 kb) spanning the large single copy (LSC) region from Eudicots. These 38 primer pairs as well as eight primer pairs flanking cpDNA microsatellites were tested on 20 plant species belonging to 13 families. At least 79% and up to 100% of the LSC (> 86 kb) can be amplified. Many primer pairs are robust and work with all species.