bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytogenetic aberrations and their prognostic impact in chondrosarcoma
Authors: Mandahl Nils , Gustafson Pelle , Mertens Fredrik , Åkerman Måns , Baldetorp Bo , Gisselsson David , Knuutila Sakari , Bauer Henrik C. F. , Larsson Olle 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignancy of bone. Cytogenetic data are available from close to 100 cases, including all subtypes of chondrosarcoma. Specific chromosomal rearrangements have been identified only in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC). Strong prognostic factors are largely missing, although size and, in particular, histologic tumor grade have been implicated. In the present study, we investigated the genomic aberrations in 59 chondrosarcomas (six grade 1, 24 grade 2, and 29 grade 3, including dedifferentiated tumors), excluding EMC, by chromosome banding analysis and DNA flow cytometry and correlated the findings with clinical outcome. Hyperhaploid to near‐diploid karyotypes were found in half of the cases, and there was a good correlation between cytogenetics and flow cytometry data; discrepancies were seen primarily in cases with normal karyotypes and in those with −Y as the sole anomaly. Abnormal karyotypes, excluding those with −Y as the only change, were found in 36 cases. No recurrent structural aberration was found, but a nonrandom pattern of aberrations was seen. Total or partial gains and losses were the dominant karyotypic features. Genomic imbalances found in at least 10 cases included −1p36, −1p13‐p22, −4, −5q13‐q31, −6q22‐qter, +7p13‐pter, −9p22‐pter, −10p, −10q24‐qter, −11p13‐pter, −11q25, +12q15‐qter, −13q21‐qter, −14q24‐qter, −18p, −18q22‐qter, +19, +20pter‐q11, +21q, and −22q13. At the latest follow‐up, 19 patients had experienced distant metastases, and the 5‐year metastasis‐free survival rate was 0.69. By univariate analysis, malignancy grade and loss of material from 6q, 10p, 11p or 11q, 13q, and 22q were associated with impaired metastasis‐free survival. Only −13q was an independent prognostic factor for metastasis, regardless of tumor grade or size. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of chromosome aberrations associated with soft‐tissue leiomyosarcomas by twenty‐four‐color karyotyping and comparative genomic hybridization analysis
Authors: Wang Rubin , Lu Yong‐Jie , Fisher Cyril , Bridge Julia A. , Shipley Janet 
Published: August 2002

AbstractData on the chromosome aberrations associated with leiomyosarcomas of soft tissues are limited, complex, and incomplete. The aim of this study was to characterize genetic aberrations associated with this tumor group, to identify consistent regions of involvement and to determine correlations with clinical outcome. Chromosomes were prepared from 10 primary soft‐tissue leiomyosarcoma samples, and preparations from four of them, plus the cell line SK‐LMS‐1, were suitable for analysis using 24‐color karyotyping by multifluor fluorescence in situ hybridization. This method allowed rearranged chromosomes to be characterized, which would not have been possible by banding analysis alone. The remaining six chromosome preparations were analyzed using standard Giemsa banding. The chromosome imbalances associated with all the samples were determined by comparative genomic hybridization analysis. Taken together, the results show both intra‐ and intertumor heterogeneity and considerable complexity. Although no highly consistent rearrangements were found, some regions of the genome frequently were involved, including 1q21, 5p14‐pter, and 20q13, which likely harbor genes that play a role in the pathogenesis of soft‐tissue leiomyosarcomas. There were no obvious correlations between the chromosomal changes identified and available clinical details. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sperm entry position provides a surface marker for the first cleavage plane of the mouse zygote
Authors: Plusa Berenika , Piotrowska Karolina , Zernicka‐Goetz Magdalena 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: The sperm entry position (SEP) of the mouse egg, labelled by placing a bead at the fertilisation cone, tends to be associated with the first cleavage plane (Piotrowska and Zernicka‐Goetz: Nature 409:517–521, 2001). Nevertheless, in up to one‐fourth of embryos the cleavage furrow did not pass close to the bead, and following the division the bead marked the cleavage plane in only 60% of cases. This raised the question of whether such variability arose from the labelling itself or had a biological basis. The zona pellucida was not responsible for this effect because similar results were obtained in its presence or absence. However, this variability could be attributable to the large size of the fertilisation cone relative to the SEP. Therefore, we have developed a means of fluorescently labelling sperm that can record the exact site of its penetration when the label transfers to the egg surface. This approach indicates that the SEP marks the first cleavage in the great majority (88%) of embryos. In conclusion, direct sperm labelling shows precisely the correlation between the SEP and the first cleavage, although there is natural variability in this process. genesis 32:193–198, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation and differential expression of tau mRNA isoforms as oligodendrocytes mature in vivo: Implications for myelination
Authors: Lopresti Patrizia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOligodendrocytes and neurons derive from the same cell type but develop distinct morphologic and functional properties as they mature in vivo. Both cells express tau protein, a developmentally regulated protein in the central nervous system. The regulation of tau has been investigated extensively in neurons but not in oligodendrocytes, so we studied regulation of tau in oligodendrocytes in vivo. The amino‐derived tau isoforms consist of isoforms with zero (A0), one (A1), or two (A2) inserts. We examined the developmental regulation of tau mRNA isoforms at the amino domain by comparing tau expression in oligodendrocytes (OLGs) isolated from 1‐ and 20‐day‐old rat brain and in age‐matched cortex, which abounds in neurons. In the rat brain, myelination peaks at 20 days. By using semiquantitative RT‐PCR, we found that OLGs and cortex from 1‐day‐old rat brain largely had amino‐derived tau isoforms with no insert, whereas OLGs from 20‐day‐old rat brain had similar levels of amino‐derived tau isoforms with no insert or with one insert. We also found that 20‐day‐old OLGs had twofold more tau mRNA levels than younger OLGs. In contrast to OLGs from 20‐day‐old rat brain, age‐matched cortex had comparable levels of A0, A1, and A2 tau amino‐derived isoforms. Further, younger and older OLGs had a reciprocal pattern of expression of both carboxy‐derived tau mRNA isoforms with either three (3R) or four (4R) repeats. In contrast, younger and older cortex expressed either 3R or 4R tau. This study showed an upregulation of tau mRNA and cell‐specific tau mRNA isoform expression in OLGs forming myelin. GLIA 37:250–257, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glial expression of small heat shock proteins following an excitotoxic lesion in the immature rat brain
Authors: Acarin Laia , Paris Jaume , González Berta , Castellano Bernardo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHeat shock proteins (HSPs) are chaperones induced under pathological conditions and involved in protein stabilization and cellular protection. In this study, we have evaluated the expression pattern of the glial cell–related HSP27, HSP32, and HSP47 following an excitotoxic lesion in the immature rat brain. Postnatal day 9 rats received an intracortical injection of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate and tissue was processed immunohistochemically for HSPs and double labeling using astroglial and microglial markers. HSP expression was quantified by image analysis. Excitotoxic damage caused primary cortical degeneration and secondary damage in the corresponding thalamus. In the injured cortex, reactive microglia/macrophages expressed HSP32 from 10 h until 14 days postlesion (PL), showing maximal levels at days 3–5. In parallel, most cortical reactive astrocytes showed expression of HSP47 from 10 h until 14 days PL and a population of them also displayed HSP27 labeling from 1 day PL. In addition, some cortical reactive astrocytes showed a temporary expression of HSP32 at day 1. In general, astroglial HSP expression in the cortex achieved maximal levels at days 3–5 PL. In the damaged thalamus, HSP32 was not significantly induced, but reactive astrocytes expressed HSP47 and some of them also HSP27. Thalamic astroglial HSP induction was transient, peaked at 5 days PL and reached basal levels by day 14. The injury‐induced expression of HSP32, HSP27, and HSP47 in glial cells may contribute to glial cell protection and adaptation to damage, therefore playing an important role in the evolution of the glial response and the excitotoxic lesion outcome. HSP32 may provide antioxidant protective mechanisms to microglia/macrophages, whereas HSP47 could contribute to extracellular matrix remodeling and HSP27 may stabilize the astroglial cytoskeleton and participate in astroglial antioxidant mechanisms. GLIA 38:1–14, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proliferation of progenitor cells in the adult rat brain correlates with the presence of vimentin‐expressing astrocytes
Authors: Alonso Gérard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt is well established that proliferation of progenitor cells persists within the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle (SVZ) in the adult brain. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the rate of cell proliferation within these germinative zones could be correlated to the occurrence of a particular glial environment. The cell proliferation marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administrated to rats under different physiological and experimental conditions known to modify the rate of progenitor cell proliferation. Within both germinative zones, BrdU‐labeled nuclei were associated with cell bodies immunostained for the neuronal marker polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule, but not for the glial markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) or vimentin (VIM). In all the rats examined, however, proliferating (BrdU‐labeled) cells always exhibited close relationships with immature‐like astrocytes that expressed both GFAP and VIM. There was a dramatic decrease of cell proliferation in the DG from both the aged rats and the corticosterone‐treated adult rats that was correlated with a decreased expression of vimentin by the astrocytes present in this region. In contrast, both cell proliferation and vimentin expression were only slightly affected in the SVZ from these two treatment groups. Conversely, after either adrenalectomy or a surgical lesion through the lateral hippocampus, the increase in cell proliferation observed in the DG was correlated to the occurrence of an increased number of GFAP and VIM double immunostained structures in these regions. All together, these data suggest that immature‐like astrocytes present in the germinative zones may provide a microenvironment involved in sustaining the proliferation of progenitor cells. GLIA 34:253–266, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health insurance and health services utilization in Ireland
Authors: Harmon Colm , Nolan Brian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe numbers buying private health insurance in Ireland have continued to grow, despite a broadening in entitlement to public care. About 40% of the population now have insurance, although everyone has entitlement to public hospital care. In this paper, we examine in detail the growth in insurance coverage and the factors underlying the demand for insurance. Attitudinal responses reveal the importance of perceptions about waiting times for public care, as well as some concerns about the quality of that care. Individual characteristics, such as education, age, gender, marital status, family composition and income all influence the probability of purchasing private insurance. We also examine the relationship between insurance and utilization of hospital in‐patient services. The positive effect of private insurance appears less than that of entitlement to full free health care from the state, although the latter is means‐tested, and may partly represent health status. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The predictive value of perioperative calcium levels after thyroid/parathyroid surgery
Authors: Luu Quang , Andersen Peter E. , Adams Jeffery , Wax Mark K. , Cohen James I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThis work was done to determine whether the slope of change between preoperative and early postoperative (2 hr and 8 hr) ionized calcium levels (ciCa) could predict significant postoperative hypocalcemia.MethodsWe did a retrospective chart review of 79 patients undergoing thyroid (n = 56) or parathyroid surgery (n = 23) where overall parathyroid function was felt to be at risk.Results/ConclusionsA positive slope between the preoperative ciCa and any postoperative ciCa or the first two postoperative ciCa's predicted normocalcemia in 100% of patients. For the thyroid group, the difference in the slope of the change from preoperative ciCa to first (<2 hours) postoperative ciCa (−15.940%/hours vs −9.375%/hours, p = .082) did not differentiate patients who developed hypocalcemia (n = 11) and those who remained normocalcemic (n = 45). By contrast the slope of change from preoperative ciCa to the second postoperative (8 hr) ciCa (−1.671%/ hour vs −0.849%/hours, p = .006) and first to second postoperative ciCa (−1.022%/hour vs −0.473%/hour, p = .001) did. For the parathyroid group, none of the differences in similar comparisons between the normocalcemic (n = 20) and hypocalcemic patients (n = 3) approached statistical significance. The relatively small number of patients who became hypocalcemic in this study precluded definition of an absolute slope of calcium level change above which normocalcemia can be assured © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 24: 63–67, 2002.
Quantitative analysis from CT is prognostic for local control of supraglottic carcinoma
Authors: Kraas Jonathan R. , Underhill Tom E. , D'Agostino Ralph B. , Williams Daniel W. , Cox Janel A. , Greven Kathryn M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine whether pretreatment imaging with CT was prognostic for control of the primary site in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx.MethodsPretreatment CT studies were obtained on 28 patients treated definitively with radiation therapy for supraglottic larynx cancer between 1991 and 1997. Follow‐up ranged from 20–58 months.ResultsLocal control was achieved in 61% of patients. Tumor volumes ranged from 0–68.6 cm3, with a median of 3.1 cm3. Local control rates for tumors with volumes greater than or less than 8 cm3 were 20% and 70%, respectively (p = .0077). Mean tumor volumes for patients with and without recurrences were 10 cm3 and 3.4 cm3, respectively.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that quantitative analysis from CT imaging is prognostic for control of the primary site when radiation therapy is given for treatment of supraglottic cancer. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 1031– 1036, 2001.
Concomitant twice‐a‐day radiotherapy and chemotherapy in unresectable head and neck cancer patients: A long‐term quality of life analysis
Authors: Magné Nicolas , Marcy Pierre‐Yves , Chamorey Emmanuel , Guardiola Emmanuel , Pivot Xavier , Schneider Maurice , Demard François , Bensadoun René‐Jean 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study is to make a comparative analysis between acute toxicity with late toxicity. This study is based upon a French quality of life (QoL) questionnaire in a cohort of advanced head and neck (H&N) cancer patients treated by concomitant twice‐a‐day continuous radiotherapy with no acceleration and chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil.MethodsFrom September 1992 to November 1997, a prospective data bank of 91 patients was constituted. In November 1999, 31 patients were still alive and followed for more than 3 years. All patients had stage IV strictly unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx or hypopharynx. A French specific H&N cancer QoL questionnaire was used at the end of radiotherapy and at the last date of follow‐up of each patient (during 1999). p values reflect comparison of percentages obtained at the end of treatment with percentages at long‐term follow‐up. Statistical analysis was performed using χ2 test (p < .05 considered as significant). Percentages obtained by the QoL questionnaire correspond to moderate‐severe problems only.ResultsTwenty‐nine of 31 (94%) patients participated in the QoL study. Acute treatment toxicities were severe with declines in virtually all QoL and functional domains. Globally, with an average long‐term follow‐up of 4.5 years (range 3–7 years after treatment), there is a statistical improvement in the following symptoms: dry mouth and sticky saliva (97% versus 55%, p < .05); tasting problems (35% versus 21%, not significant); swallowing problems (77% versus 36%, p < .05); and H&N pain (86% versus 9%, p < .05). Financial problems were not improved (21% versus 14%, not significant), and psychological problems (59% versus 5%) were statistically significant. Fourteen of 29 (48%) patients were drinking and 8 of 29 (28%) were smoking at long‐term follow‐up; at the diagnosis they were 86% and 90%, respectively. At long‐term follow‐up 22 of 29 presented good or very good QoL, and 25 of 29 said they had improved their initial QoL.ConclusionThe interest of twice‐a‐day radiotherapy with concomitant chemotherapy is to increase total radiotherapy equivalent dose without increasing late toxicity and also to improve locoregional control, survival, and long‐term QoL/effectiveness ratio. Best supportive care is recommended to obtain both good QoL and cancer control in a long‐term follow‐up. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 678–682, 2001.
Encoding activity in the medial temporal lobe examined with anatomically constrained fMRI analysis
Authors: Reber Paul J. , Wong Eric C. , Buxton Richard B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFunctional neuroimaging studies have produced a sizable number of observations of increased activity in the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) during encoding of novel memories. The studies have suggested possible functional specialization within the anatomical components of the MTL (hippocampus and the entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortical areas). Neuroimaging studies have just begun to link anatomical regions to specific functions. To address functional specialization hypothesis, a method is described for using high‐resolution structural information from magnetic resonance imaging MRI to constrain the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, for independent assessment of functional activity change in each component of the MTL. With this method, increased activity was detected throughout the MTL in a group of participants (n = 5) who encoded novel pictures. A separate group (n = 5) who encoded words exhibited lower‐levels of evoked activity. Laterality effects were found reflecting increased right hemisphere activity during picture encoding (parahippocampal cortex) and increased left hemisphere activity during word encoding (posterior hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex). Neither condition provided evidence for greater activity in the posterior hippocampus than in the anterior hippocampus during encoding, although the greatest increases in activity were observed in the parahippocampal cortex. The anatomically driven methodology is shown to provide detailed comparison of levels of activity change across specific brain areas and to provide increased sensitivity to functional change in each region of the MTL. Hippocampus 2002;12:363–376. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isotype class switching and the pathogenenesis of multiple myeloma
Authors: Fenton J. A. L. , Pratt G. , Rawstron A. C. , Morgan G. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTranslocations at the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (14q32) are now considered the commonest karyotypic change in multiple myeloma. These translocations are thought to be intimately involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. The heavy chain locus is strongly transcriptionally active in B and plasma cells and transfer of a potential oncogene to 14q32 would result in its dysregulation. Molecular characterization suggests that the majority of these breakpoints cluster in switch regions within the heavy chain locus. Switch regions are normally involved in the regulated process of isotype switching so that in myeloma the rearrangements are believed to be a result of so‐called illegitimate (aberrant) switch recombination and are likely to be an early event in myeloma development. A legitimate switch recombination event occurs between two switch regions producing a hybrid switch; this is necessary for class switching to proceed on a productive allele. In this review we describe the process of isotype switching and how illegitimate class switching may be related to the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phytoplankton of the Swan–Canning Estuary: a comparison of nitrogen uptake by different bloom assemblages
Authors: Horner Rosser S. M. J. , Thompson Peter A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSpring chlorophyte‐, summer dinophyte‐ and autumn cryptophyte‐dominated phytoplankton blooms occurring in the upper reaches of the Swan–Canning Estuary have been studied to compare species composition and diurnal distribution and to determine preferential uptake rates for different nitrogen sources. Species distribution patterns over diurnal cycles showed dinophyte and cryptophyte species exhibiting diurnal vertical migration patterns which changed over a three‐week bloom period. The dinophyte and cryptophyte behaviour appeared to be related to measured changes in ambient nitrogen profiles over the course of the bloom. Chlorophyte species were not shown to be strongly migratory over diurnal periods. Absolute uptake rates (ρ, approximating Pmax) for nitrogen, in the form of 15NO3−, 15NH4+ or 15N‐urea, were compared between seasonal bloom assemblages and ranged between 0·02 and 12 µg N l−1 h−1 (NO3 0·02–7; NH4 0·4–9; urea 0·1–12 µg N l−1 h−1). Specific uptake rates (ν) ranged between 2 and 1770 ng N µg Chla−1 h−1 (NO3 2–290; NH4 19–1770; urea 6–1730 ng N µg Chla−1 h−1). Relative preference indices (RPI) for NO3 (new N) vs. NH4 (recycled N) were calculated to determine whether allochthonous or autochthonous nitrogen sources were implicated in supporting these blooms. Results indicated no physiological preference at any depth for NO3 or NH4 during spring and autumn, and for summer surface assemblages. There was a strong preference for NH4 (RPI ∼ 0·95) at mid and bottom depths during summer. Ambient NH4 uptake rates were compared with changes in ambient NH4 profiles to determine the importance of measuring fluxes against absolute parameter measurements in understanding the nitrogen dynamics supporting phytoplankton growth.From flux measurements it was found that apparent reappearance rates for NH4 ranging between 1% and 1030% of absolute uptake rates occurred during summer, with decreases equivalent to 100% of ambient uptake rate occurring at depth at night. Nutrient profiling alone, in the absence of knowledge of nutrient fluxes, was insufficient in assessing possible nutrient control over phytoplankton growth and biomass maintenance. Within this system there is the potential for phytoplankton growth and bloom maintenance to occur supported solely by recycling of NH4. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.