bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Who are the capability theorists?’: a tale of the origins and development of the capability approach
Authors: Erasmo Valentina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper offers a history of the capability approach from its origins to its more recent development. Sen himself refused to be defined as the capability theorist and despite this analysis, we will come to understand that Sen played an essential role in this history because he pioneered the approach, but that his role has probably been overestimated by the available literature. Two further ‘main characters’ provided a relevant contribution to the origins and development of the capability approach, namely Walsh and Nussbaum. Finally, this paper considers the two main groups that have developed since the capability approach, the capability approach centred perspective and the capability approach heuristic value perspective, in order to show how they follow these three main characters in their own development of the capability approach.
Monoallelic pathogenic IFT140 variants are a common cause of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease–spectrum phenotype
Authors: Dordoni Chiara , Zeni Letizia , Toso Diego , Mazza Cinzia , Mescia Federica , Cortinovis Roberta , Econimo Laura , Savoldi Gianfranco , Alberici Federico , Scolari Francesco , Izzi Claudia 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disorder, characterized by development and enlargement of kidney cysts, eventually leading to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Pathogenic variants in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes are the major cause of ADPKD; additional rare variants in the GANAB, DNAJB11, ALG5 and ALG9 genes have been found in a minority of ADPKD patients. More recently, a significant number of ADPKD families have been linked to monoallelic variants in the IFT140 gene.

Methods
In this retrospective study, we tested the prevalence of the known causative genes of ADPKD-spectrum phenotype, including the PKD1, PKD2, GANAB, DNAJB11, ALG5, ALG and IFT140 genes, in a cohort of 129 ADPKD patients who consecutively underwent genetic testing in a single centre in Italy. Genetic testing utilized a combination of targeted next-generation sequencing, long-range polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Clinical evaluation was conducted through renal function testing and imaging features, including ultrasonography, computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Results
Of the 129 enrolled patients, 86 (66.7%) had pathogenic variants in PKD1 and 28 (21.7%) in PKD2, loss of function pathogenic variants in the IFT140 gene were found in 3 unrelated patients (2.3%), no pathogenic variants were found in other ADPKD genes and 12 patients (9.3%) remained genetically unresolved (ADPKD-GUR). Familial clinical and genetic screening of the index patients with ADPKD due to an IFT140 pathogenic variant (ADPKD-IFT140) allowed identification of eight additional affected relatives. In the 11 ADPKD-IFT140 patients, the renal phenotype was characterized by mild and late-onset PKD, with large renal cysts and limited kidney insufficiency. Extrarenal manifestations, including liver cysts, were rarely seen.

Conclusion
Our data suggest the monoallelic pathogenic IFT140 variants are the third most common cause of the ADPKD-spectrum phenotype in Italy, usually associated with a mild and atypical renal cystic disease.
Circulating miR-129-3p in combination with clinical factors predicts vascular calcification in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Jin Jingjing , Cheng Meijuan , Wu Xueying , Zhang Haixia , Zhang Dongxue , Liang Xiangnan , Qian Yuetong , Guo Liping , Zhang Shenglei , Bai Yaling , Xu Jinsheng 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Vascular calcification (VC) commonly occurs and seriously increases the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with hemodialysis. For optimizing individual management, we will develop a diagnostic multivariable prediction model for evaluating the probability of VC.

Methods
The study was conducted in four steps. First, identification of miRNAs regulating osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in calcified condition. Second, observing the role of miR-129–3p on VC in vitro and the association between circulating miR-129–3p and VC in hemodialysis patients. Third, collecting all indicators related to VC as candidate variables, screening predictors from the candidate variables by Lasso regression, developing the prediction model by logistic regression and showing it as a nomogram in training cohort. Last, verifying predictive performance of the model in validation cohort.

Results
In cell experiments, miR-129–3p was found to attenuate vascular calcification, and in human, serum miR-129–3p exhibited a negative correlation with vascular calcification, suggesting that miR-129–3p could be one of the candidate predictor variables. Regression analysis demonstrated that miR-129–3p, age, dialysis duration and smoking were valid factors to establish the prediction model and nomogram for VC. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of the model was 0.8698. The calibration curve showed that predicted probability of the model was in good agreement with actual probability and decision curve analysis indicated better net benefit of the model. Furthermore, internal validation through bootstrap process and external validation by another independent cohort confirmed the stability of the model.

Conclusion
We build a diagnostic prediction model and present it as an intuitive tool based on miR-129–3p and clinical indicators to evaluate the probability of VC in hemodialysis patients, facilitating risk stratification and effective decision, which may be of great importance for reducing the risk of serious cardiovascular events.
Propagation characteristics of exposure effect on double-layer weighted social networks
Authors: Hu Simin , Tian Yang , Zhu Xuzhen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The information propagation on complex networks has attracted much attention in recent years. We found that there is an exposure effect in social propagation which is often used to describe the psychological phenomenon. The user adoption behaviour in social propagation is also consistent with the exposure effect. According to the exposure effect, people are more likely to accept an object when it is exposed for a longer period. Therefore, we propose the exposure initial threshold, exposure final threshold, and the gate-like adoption probability function to better explain the exposure effect. Then, we construct a social propagation model based on exposure effect utilizing the exposure time and gate-like adoption probability function on a double-layer weighted network. To further understand the mechanism of social propagation, we also provide an edge-based compartmental theory based on the exposure effect. Experiments demonstrate that the exposure initial threshold and exposure duration can affect the propagation range to a certain extent. Next, given the propagation probability and exposure duration, there exists an optimal exposure initial threshold that maximizes the propagation range, which we call the optimal exposure ability. In addition, we explore the effect of the degree heterogeneity of nodes on social propagation under the exposure effect. The numerical simulations support the theoretical hypotheses of this work quite well.
Non-conservative diffusion and its application to social network analysis
Authors: Ghosh Rumi , Lerman Kristina , Surachawala Tawan , Voevodski Konstatin , Teng Shanghua 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Is the random walk appropriate for modelling and analysing social processes? We argue that many interesting social phenomena, including epidemics and information diffusion, cannot be modelled as a random walk, but instead must be modelled as broadcast-based or non-conservative diffusion. To produce meaningful results, social network analysis algorithms have to take into account differences between these diffusion processes. We formulate conservative (random walk-based) and non-conservative (broadcast-based) diffusion mathematically and show how these are related to well-known metrics: PageRank and Alpha-Centrality, respectively. This formulation allows us to unify two distinct areas of network analysis–centrality and epidemic models–and leads to insights into the relationship between diffusion and network structure, specifically, the existence of an epidemic threshold in non-conservative diffusion. We demonstrate, by ranking nodes in an online social network used for broadcasting news, that non-conservative Alpha-Centrality leads to a better agreement with empirical ranking schemes than conservative PageRank. In addition, we give a scalable approximate algorithm for computing the Alpha-Centrality in a massive graph. We hope that our investigation will inspire further exploration of the applications of non-conservative diffusion in social network analysis.
Hematological and biochemical parameters of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in captive and semi-natural environments
Authors: Bi Wenlei , Liu Songrui , O’Connor Michael P , Owens Jacob R , Valitutto Marc T , Hou Rong , Qi Dunwu , Hayek Lee-Ann Collins , Wu Fanqi , Ma Rui , Liu Jiabin , Zhou Yanshan , Zhang Long , Callan Ramana , Luo Li , Huang Wenjun , Zhang Zhihe , Spotila James R 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhysiological indexes like blood parameters have been widely used to monitor the health of free-roaming animals. Attempts to reintroduce one of China’s most endangered species, the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), have been hampered by a lack of data on its ecology and physiology. We examined three giant pandas’ hematological and blood chemistry parameters in a soft release program and 30 captive giant pandas as controls and determined the reference intervals (RIs) for those blood parameters in the captive animals. Elevation, captivity status and the interaction of those factors were statistically significant for hematologic measures. Release pandas had significantly higher hemoglobin and hematocrit values after they moved to high elevation locations. We also found significant difference in the enzyme parameters between high and low elevation pandas such as higher aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine kinase, amylase and lower lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. Release pandas also had higher nutrition parameter values such as higher albumin, globulin and creatinine. The RI for blood parameters in our study provides a baseline to monitor the health of captive animals and forms the basis for assessing the health of free-roaming giant pandas in future reintroduction efforts.
Risk of Primary Gastrointestinal Lymphoma in Patients With Inflammatory Conditions Exposed to Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibitors and Immunomodulators: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Braga-Neto Manuel B , Nasser Jason , Wang Xiao Jing , Harmsen William Scott , Raffals Laura E , Camilleri Michael , Chedid Victor 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The aim of this case–control study was to determine if exposure to tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (TNFIs) or immunomodulators (thiopurines or methotrexate) was associated with development of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma (PGIL) in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions.

Methods
Patients with PGIL and controls evaluated at a tertiary care center over 20 years were matched 1:3 using a medical record informatics search engine based on their chronic inflammatory condition (Crohn’s disease [CD], ulcerative colitis [UC], rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis) and duration of follow-up. Patients who started on TNFI within 3 months of PGIL diagnosis were excluded. We extracted demographics, medical history, and medications used. Univariate models using conditional logistic regression were used due to the small number of matched pairs.

Results
Twenty PGIL cases matched with 60 controls were followed for a mean 9.9 ± 6.9 and 9.7 ± 8.6 years, respectively. Mean age at time of PGIL diagnosis was 47.5 ± 22.0 (standard deviation) years and the majority (75%) were males. The most common inflammatory diagnosis was inflammatory bowel disease (80% of cases; 45% with UC and 35% with CD). Development of PGIL was not associated with TNFI (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69–11.01; P = .18), but with use of TNFI in combination with thiopurines (OR = 8.93; 95% CI 1.43–80.25; P = .014). Risk of PGIL increased with every additional TNFI (2.277 (1.002–5.713); P = .0494). All cases exposed to multiple TNFI were also exposed to thiopurines. Use of thiopurines (alone or in combination) was the greatest risk factor (OR = 6.32; 95% CI 1.55–37.05; P = 0.006) to develop PGIL.

Conclusions
TNFI therapy was not associated with increased risk for PGIL unless used in combination with thiopurines and with every switch to a different TNFI.
Restoration of blood vessel regeneration in the era of combination SGLT2i and GLP-1RA therapy for diabetes and obesity
Authors: Terenzi Daniella C , Bakbak Ehab , Teoh Hwee , Krishnaraj Aishwarya , Puar Pankaj , Rotstein Ori D , Cosentino Francesco , Goldenberg Ronald M , Verma Subodh , Hess David A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Ischaemic cardiovascular diseases, including peripheral and coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke, remain major comorbidities for individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. During cardiometabolic chronic disease (CMCD), hyperglycaemia and excess adiposity elevate oxidative stress and promote endothelial damage, alongside an imbalance in circulating pro-vascular progenitor cells that mediate vascular repair. Individuals with CMCD demonstrate pro-vascular ‘regenerative cell exhaustion’ (RCE) characterized by excess pro-inflammatory granulocyte precursor mobilization into the circulation, monocyte polarization towards pro-inflammatory vs. anti-inflammatory phenotype, and decreased pro-vascular progenitor cell content, impairing the capacity for vessel repair. Remarkably, targeted treatment with the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) empagliflozin in subjects with T2D and coronary artery disease, and gastric bypass surgery in subjects with severe obesity, has been shown to partially reverse these RCE phenotypes. SGLT2is and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have reshaped the management of individuals with T2D and comorbid obesity. In addition to glucose-lowering action, both drug classes have been shown to induce weight loss and reduce mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in landmark clinical trials. Furthermore, both drug families also act to reduce systemic oxidative stress through altered activity of overlapping oxidase and antioxidant pathways, providing a putative mechanism to augment circulating pro-vascular progenitor cell content. As SGLT2i and GLP-1RA combination therapies are emerging as a novel therapeutic opportunity for individuals with poorly controlled hyperglycaemia, potential additive effects in the reduction of oxidative stress may also enhance vascular repair and further reduce the ischaemic cardiovascular comorbidities associated with T2D and obesity.
Impact of early enteral feed composition on the rate of chyle leak post-esophagectomy
Authors: Pan Sally , Cheah Lilyanne , Bushra Raisa , Ribbits Alexander , Grimes Samantha ,   Cambridge Oesophagogastric Group, Bennett John , Safranek Peter , Sujendran Vijay , Hindmarsh Andrew , Gourgiotis Stavros , Hardwick Richard , Lamb Claire , Cockburn Linsey , Mason Bridget , Chinyama Nyarai , Smith Ben , Lee Natalie , Joshi Simple , O’Neill J Robert 
Published: February 2024

Summary
Patients undergoing esophagectomy are at risk of malnutrition and benefit from perioperative enteral feeding. Esophagectomy carries a risk of chyle leak, and this risk may be influenced by early enteral feed composition. We evaluated the impact of early enteral medium-chain triglyceride-rich feed on the prevalence and severity of chyle leak post-esophagectomy, length of stay, and postoperative weight change. This retrospective study included consecutive patients undergoing esophagectomy at a single center between January 2015 and December 2022. Patients received enteral feed on postoperative days 1–5 with Nutrison Energy or Protein Plus Energy (‘standard’) (January 2015– June 2021) or Nutrison Peptisorb Plus High Energy High Protein (‘HEHP’) enteral feed (June 2021 to December 2022). All patients transitioned to ‘standard’ supplemental jejunal feeding on postoperative day 6 onwards and were discharged on oral IDDSI level 4 diet. Patients who did not commence early enteral feeding were excluded from analysis. A total of 329 patients were included. Patients who received early HEHP feed had fewer chyle leaks (5/52; 9.6%) compared with patients who received standard feed (68/277; 24.5%, P = 0.017). The HEHP group had a shorter total length of hospital stay (P = 0.011). Weight change from preoperative baseline was equivalent in both groups at 6 weeks (P = 0.066) and 3 months (P = 0.400). In the context of routine jejunostomy use and early enteral feeding post-esophagectomy, HEHP feed on postoperative days 1–5 was associated with significantly fewer chyle leaks and shorter length of stay compared with standard feed. No difference was noted in postoperative weight change between groups.
Efficacy and Safety of Filgotinib for the Treatment of Perianal Fistulising Crohn’s Disease [DIVERGENCE 2]: A Phase 2, Randomised, Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Reinisch Walter , Colombel Jean-Frederic , D’Haens Geert R , Rimola Jordi , Masior Tomasz , McKevitt Matt , Ren Xuehan , Serone Adrian , Schwartz David A , Gecse Krisztina B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
There is an unmet need in the treatment of perianal fistulising Crohn’s disease [PFCD]. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the Janus kinase 1 preferential inhibitor, filgotinib, for the treatment of PFCD.

Methods
This phase 2, double-blind, multicentre trial enrolled adults with PFCD and prior treatment failure. Participants were randomised [2:2:1] to receive filgotinib 200 mg, filgotinib 100 mg, or placebo, once daily orally for up to 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was combined fistula response (reduction from baseline of at least one draining external opening determined by physical assessment, and no fluid collections &gt;1 cm on pelvic magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) at Week 24.

Results
Between April 2017 and July 2020, 106 individuals were screened and 57 were randomised. Discontinuations were lowest in the filgotinib 200 mg group (3/17 [17.6%] versus 13/25 [52.0%] for filgotinib 100 mg and 9/15 [60.0%] for placebo). The proportion of participants who achieved a combined fistula response at Week 24 was 47.1% (8/17; 90% confidence interval [CI] 26.0, 68.9%) in the filgotinib 200 mg group, 29.2% [7/24; 90% CI 14.6, 47.9%] in the filgotinib 100 mg group, and 25.0% [3/12; 90% CI 7.2, 52.7%] in the placebo group. Serious adverse events occurred more frequently with filgotinib 200 mg (5/17 [29.4%]) than with placebo (1/15 [6.7%]). There were no treatment-related serious adverse events or deaths.

Conclusions
Filgotinib 200 mg was associated with numerical reductions in the number of draining perianal fistulas based on combined clinical and MRI findings compared with placebo, and was generally well tolerated [NCT03077412].
Rate of cardiovascular events up to 8 years after uncomplicated myocarditis: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Schelldorfer Andreas , Gregoriano Claudia , Hauser Stephanie , Fuchs Tobias A , Mueller Beat , Schuetz Philipp , Kutz Alexander 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
While prognosis of acute myocarditis with uncomplicated presentation is perceived as benign, data on long-term outcomes are scarce. We evaluated rates of myocarditis-associated cardiovascular events after a first-time hospitalization with uncomplicated acute myocarditis in patients without known heart disease.

Methods and results
In this retrospective nationwide population-based cohort study from 2013 to 2020, hospitalized patients with uncomplicated acute myocarditis but without known heart disease were 1:1 propensity score-matched with surgical controls hospitalized for laparoscopic appendectomy. As assessed in time-to-event analyses, the primary outcome was a composite of rehospitalization for myocarditis, pericardial disease, heart failure and its complications, arrhythmias, implantation of cardiac devices, and heart transplant. After matching, we identified 1439 patients with uncomplicated acute myocarditis (median age of 35 years, 74.0% male) and 1439 surgical controls (median age of 36 years, 74.4% male). Over a median follow-up of 39 months, compared with surgical controls, the hazard ratio for the primary composite outcome was 42.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 17.4–102.8], corresponding to an incidence rate of 43.7 vs. 0.9 per 1000 patient-years (py) and an incidence rate difference of 42.7 (95% CI 36.7–48.8) per 1000 py.

Conclusion
Patients hospitalized with uncomplicated acute myocarditis and no known prior heart disease were associated with substantial risk for cardiovascular events over a follow-up of up to 8 years. This calls for a more efficient therapeutic management of this population of patients.
Surgical management of calcific valvular and coronary disease in a patient with alkaptonuria: a case report
Authors: Boyd Riley M , Bharadwaj Sandeep N , Fagan Andrew , Mehta Christopher K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Alkaptonuria is a rare metabolic disease that causes an increase in homogentisic acid (HGA) due to a lack of enzymatic activity. Commonly, accumulation of HGA presents with dark discoloration of skin and other tissues, also known as ochronosis. Additionally, alkaptonuria can result in other clinical manifestations, including arthritis and cardiac disease. This case highlights alkaptonuria-related cardiac disease and challenges that cardiac surgery teams may face when treating this patient population.

Case summary
A 62-year-old male with a history of alkaptonuria, Hodgkin’s lymphoma treated with chemoradiation, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia originally presented with shortness of breath in the setting of known cardiac disease. Cardiac work-up demonstrated aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, and multivessel coronary artery disease requiring aortic valve replacement, mitral valve replacement, and coronary artery bypass grafting. During the operation, significant discoloration of tissue was observed. This correlated with areas of severe calcification, which was noted throughout both valves. Extensive debridement was required prior to proceeding to valve replacements. Additionally, near-infrared spectroscopy failed to provide accurate measurements of cerebral oxygenation.

Discussion
Alkaptonuria is correlated with cardiovascular disease, particularly valvular disease. Intraoperatively, these patients may exhibit noticeable discoloration and severe calcification of various tissues. Additionally, traditional infrared-based methods of cerebral oxygenation monitoring may not be reliable; however, other options of cerebral monitoring may be feasible. With proper pre-operative planning, however, patients with alkaptonuria may safely undergo cardiac surgery.