bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STRESS, STEM CELLS, AND THE GUT MICROBIOME—IMPLICATIONS FOR AGING
Authors: Rodriguez-Fernandez Imilce 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Adult somatic stem cells have a crucial role in maintaining the regenerative capacity of tissues throughout the lifespan of the organism. With age comes a reduction in tissue renewal and repair upon injury. Understanding the mechanisms that maintain stem cell function could potentially lead to the development of therapeutic strategies to mitigate age-related tissue degeneration and improve healthspan. Of particular interest is understanding how stem cells deal with different types of stressors such as oxidative stress and bacterial stress. To study this, we use the Drosophila intestinal stem cells (ISCs) as a model system. ISCs are normally quiescent but during stress, they divide asymmetrically to give rise to one stem cell and one differentiated cell: an enteroblast (EB) that will become an Enterocyte (EC) or an enteroendocrine progenitor (EEp) cell that will later become a mature enteroendocrine (EE) cell. ECs have roles in digestion and immune response. EEs have roles in hormones and peptide secretion. ISCs have a crucial role in regenerating lost intestinal cells after bacterial infection, oxidative stress, or normal cell attrition. Thus, ISCs are always sensing the gut environment and respond to cues by activating or repressing proliferation. By studying the function of two important stress-sensing transcriptions namely Nrf2/CncC and HSF1 in ISCs, we have uncovered an unprecedented role of these genes in stem cell identity and the regulation of the gut microbiome. These findings could shed light on the mechanisms altered during aging that contribute to stem cell mis-differentiation and microbial dysbiosis.
THE EFFECTS OF WISDOM AND HEALTH ON NORTH AMERICAN SENIORS’ WELL-BEING SINCE COVID-19
Authors: Feng Zhe , Ferrari Michel , Saffaran Pouria , Munroe Melanie , Shamim Asma , Morris Stephanie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Public health restrictions necessitated by COVID-19 resulted in significantly reduced social contact for many older people, given their increased risks of infection and developing severe symptoms, even death. While reduced social contact can be a major cause of distress, our recent North American study (n=307) found 3 levels of resilience to the impact of COVID-19 – high (“well-adapted”), average (“getting-by”) and low (“struggling”) – associated with changes to wellbeing before (Time1), in summer 2020 (Time2), and about 18 months after (Time3). The present study investigates the wellbeing trajectory of 69 older individuals (Mage = 58.83, SDage = 7.21, max. = 77, min. = 50) within that larger sample who reported closely following local physical distancing recommendations. Specifically, it examines how their wellbeing was affected by their country of residence, and self-reported personal wisdom, self-transcendence, and health at Time2 and Time3. Simple logistic regression models suggest that, across Time2 and Time3, higher wisdom and better health were associated with higher likelihoods of being well-adapted vs. just getting-by. Higher self-transcendence at Time3 but not Time2 increases the likelihood of being well-adapted. Multiple logistic regressions with country, personal wisdom, self-transcendence, and health as predictors show that, controlling for all other variables in the model, higher wisdom and better health at Time2, as well as higher self-transcendence and better health at Time3, increase the likelihood of being well-adapted vs. just getting-by. Our findings demonstrate the protective values of personal wisdom, self-transcendence, and health during prolonged periods of isolation and stress for the older population.
HEALTH COACHING IMPROVES EVERYDAY COGNITION AMONG INDIVIDUALS AT RISK FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Gray Michelle , Paulson Sally , Gills Joshua , Jones Megan , Campitelli Anthony , Urbina Ray , Bryk Kelsey , Glenn Jordan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the 7th leading cause of death and 6th most burdensome disease among US older adults. With pharmacological treatments for AD being predominantly ill-effective, alternative, non-pharmacological prevention and treatment strategies warrant exploration. Personal health coaching provides individualized strategies designed to improve physical, social, and emotional health leading to positive behavior changes that may improve cognitive ability. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effects of a Health Coaching (HC) intervention on cognitive outcomes. Adults (n=182) over 45 years of age were randomly assigned to HC or control arm of a 12-month intervention. Participants (age = 61.9 + 8.4 years) had their cognition (ECog-12) tested at baseline, 16, and 52 weeks. Participants assigned to the HC intervention met with a health coach once per month to establish healthful goals and implementation strategies improving the health and well-being of the participants. The control group received bi-weekly emails including similar information presented during the health coaching sessions. Results revealed a main effect for time for improved ECog-12 scores (p=.04) with a 3.2% improvement in ECog-12 after 52 weeks. Upon further analysis, HC had a significant improvement in cognitive performance after both 16 and 52 weeks, while the control group remained unchanged. Improvement in self-reported cognition was 4.0% (p=.03) and 5.5% (p=.01) in the HC group after 16 and 52 weeks, respectively. These results suggest HC is an effective non-pharmacological prevention strategy for cognitive decline among a group of adults at-risk for developing AD.
JOINT ASSOCIATIONS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SLEEP DURATION WITH COGNITIVE AGING
Authors: Bloomberg Mikaela , Brocklebank Laura , Hamer Mark , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Given the paucity of dementia treatments, identifying contributors to cognitive decline from midlife is important to delay onset of symptoms. Low physical activity (PA) and nightly sleep duration outside 6-8 hours are key interrelated factors thought to contribute to cognitive decline and dementia; how PA and sleep combine to influence cognitive ageing is not well-explored. We used linear mixed models to examine independent and joint associations of PA (low, high) and sleep duration (short [&lt; 6 hours], optimal [6-8], long [&gt;8]) with 10-year cognitive trajectories in cognitively-healthy adults aged ≥50 years from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (N=8958). We found low PA (p&lt; 0.001) and suboptimal sleep (p=0.01) were independently associated with worse cognitive performance; short sleep was also associated with faster cognitive decline (p=0.04). At baseline, high PA/optimal sleepers had higher cognitive scores than all sleep categories in the low PA category (e.g. difference high PA/optimal-low PA/short at age 50=0.14 [0.05, 0.24] standard deviations), with no difference in cognitive scores between sleep categories within the high PA category. Differences remained consistent over 10 years of follow-up, except high PA/short sleepers who declined faster than high PA/optimal sleepers, such that scores at 10 years were commensurate with low PA (difference high PA/optimal-high PA/short=0.20 [0.08, 0.33]; high PA/optimal-low PA/short=0.22 [0.11, 0.34]). Baseline cognitive benefits afforded by high PA were insufficient to ameliorate rapid cognitive decline associated with short sleep. While WHO identify PA as a key target for maintaining cognitive health, PA interventions may be ineffective without considering sleep habits.
COLLABORATING WITH LONG-TERM CARE PROVIDERS IN ELDER MISTREATMENT RESEARCH
Authors: Pillemer Karl , Meeador Rhoda , Schultz Leslie , Rorick Leann , Robson Karen , Teresi Jeanne 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
To study elder mistreatment in institutional settings, collaboration is needed with nursing home and assisted living providers. Studies show that common problems emerge in researcher-practitioner collaboration, including differences in the key areas of orientation, training, nature of evidence, time horizons, and uses of research. Barriers specific to collaboration with. LTC providers also present challenges, including reputational risk from participating in EM studies and demands on administrative and staff time that limit availability for research. We report on a successful model for collaboration with LTC providers, based on the implementation and evaluation of the “Improving Resident Relationships in Long-Term Care” program. This evidence-based program was implemented to prevent and treat resident-to-resident aggression in nursing homes (16 facilities) and assisted living (14 facilities), involving over 2000 residents. Findings revealed a set of replicable elements to obtain LTC provider collaboration on sensitive issues like resident-to-resident aggression: (1) Preparatory efforts to gain commitment of administrative personnel; (2) agreements regarding confidentiality and anonymity; (3) identification of one or more “facility champions,” who demonstrate enthusiasm and willingness to advocate for the program; (4) providing payment to participating facilities to cover expenses such as overtime needed to release staff to attend trainings; (5) gaining the support of trusted provider organizations; (6) demonstrating that the program helps meet regulatory requirements; and (7) a procedure to allow for pragmatic modifications to the intervention that allow greater fit with the provider’s workflow. Implications for elder mistreatment intervention research are discussed.
THE EMED TOOLKIT: COLLABORATION TO IMPROVE ELDER MISTREATMENT SCREENING AND RESPONSE
Authors: Haggerty Kristin Lees , Stoeckle Rebecca , Dash Kim , Epstein-Lubow Gary , Campetti Randi , Froberg Ruthann , Tambor Ellen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The National Collaboratory to Address Elder Mistreatment (The Collaboratory) is a group of elder mistreatment (EM) researchers, clinicians, and advocates who came together with the goal of improving elder mistreatment identification and response in hospital emergency departments (ED). Since its inception in 2017, the Collaboratory has prioritized working in close collaboration with health care and aging services providers as well as older adult survivors to develop, test, and disseminate the Elder Mistreatment Emergency Department Toolkit (EMED Toolkit). The EMED Toolkit is a set of streamlined tools designed to improve EM screening and response in hospital EDs and foster improved collaboration between the hospital and community-based services. The EMED Toolkit is comprised of four core components 1) an online staff survey to assess EM practice and drive system change 2) the evidence-based EM Screening and Response Tool designed to efficiently screen all older adult patients for potential mistreatment, 3) online training modules to educate ED staff on elder mistreatment identification and response, including use of the screening tool, and 4) a Community Connections Roadmap designed to help EDs identify and establish connections with community-based services that can support safe discharge and provide ongoing support to older adults experiencing and at risk for mistreatment. In this presentation we will summarize results from a feasibility study testing EMED Toolkit implementation at five hospitals in the US, describe the Collaboratory’s approach to disseminating the EMED Toolkit more widely through local, regional, and national systems change initiatives, and share lessons learned from our efforts.
FAMILY MATTERS: CROSS-CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN FAMILISM AND CAREGIVING OUTCOMES
Authors: Falzarano Francesca , Moxley Jerad , Pillemer Karl , Czaja Sara 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The increasing number of minority older adults and subsequent increase in minority individuals needed to provide care highlights the need to understand how the caregiving role is experienced and perceived among racial/ethnic minority groups. Familism, a cross-cultural collectivist value, has been examined as a driving mechanism influencing differential outcomes in family caregivers. However, research examining familism in caregiving has yielded mixed results. Guided by the Sociocultural Stress and Coping Model, the purpose of this study is to examine cross-cultural differences in familism and its influence on caregiving outcomes. Baseline data were collected from 243 family caregivers who participated in the Caring for the Caregiver Network randomized controlled trial, a culturally tailored technology-based psychosocial intervention. Results showed that familism was more highly endorsed by Hispanic and African American participants, when compared to Whites, which was subsequently associated with positive aspects of caregiving, depression, and burden. Exploratory analyses among the Hispanic subgroup were conducted to examine how acculturation, operationalized as number of years living in the US, influences familism and found that a longer length of time spent in the US was negatively associated with familism. When dividing our sample into U.S. natives versus non-natives, non-native Hispanic participants reported higher familism compared to natives. Findings indicate that cross-cultural differences in caregiving appraisals may operate as a function of cultural values, which influence one’s subjective evaluation of the caregiving role and contribute to more optimal outcomes – highlighting the need for culturally congruent interventions to promote positive caregiving outcomes particularly among racial/ethnic minorities.
EMPOWERING AND ADDRESSING AGE-RELATED CONCERNS AMONG OLDER WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV
Authors: Vu Thi , Quinn Marielle , Valeika Sarah , Monin Joan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
There are currently over 100,000 older (ages 50+ years) women living with HIV/AIDs in the United States. Older women living with HIV (OWLH) face unique psychosocial challenges with HIV prevention and care, including intimate partner violence, gender discrimination, ageism, and caregiving responsibilities. These factors can impede self-care and contribute to increased mental, emotional, and physical burdens. Little is known about the resources OWLH draw upon to help manage psychosocial stressors and their perspectives of aging with HIV. This qualitative study identified sources of strength and self-care among OWLH, as well as their concerns about aging with HIV. We recruited participants through HIV clinics and community support groups. We conducted one-on-one, semi-structured in-depth phone interviews with OWLH. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Following a Grounded Theory approach, two coders performed open coding then thematic coding. Participants (N = 23) were on average 60 years old (range 51 – 68) and had been living with HIV for an average of 23.7 years. We found that a desire to self-educate, community activism, and engagement with other OWLH reduced participants’ internalized stigma and were sources of empowerment. However, concerns about aging with HIV persists, including pervasive HIV stigma, comorbidities, shrinking caregiver networks, long-term effects of treatment, and lack of HIV research and programs focusing on older women. These findings suggest that while OWLH are empowered agents in their own HIV care journey, structural interventions (e.g., inclusion of older women in HIV trials) are still needed to address the unique concerns of this population.
CO-DESIGNING A CULTURALLY INFORMED DEMENTIA SYMPTOM SELF-MANAGEMENT MHEALTH APP WITH CARE PARTNERS
Authors: Durga Aditi , Lin Shih-Yin , David Daniel , Moss Karen , Turchioe Meghan Reading , Valdez Rupa , Brody Abraham 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Over 16 million care partners (CPs) in the U.S. provide more than 17 billion hours of unpaid care for family and friends living with dementia. Yet, significant inequities and access issues exist in assisting CPs to receive high quality support. Thus, this study aimed to tailor our existing evidence-based Aliviado Dementia Care mHealth app for diverse CP users through a user-centered approach to empower CPs with culturally informed knowledge, structure and resources. Based on needs identified by CPs, wireframing was performed. CPs then reviewed the interactive wireframes, were asked to perform various tasks, and provide feedback on any pain points, confusion, usability, and new ideas (“Think aloud”). Eight CPs (3 Black, 1 Asian, 4 White, 1 Hispanic; 38% Female; 29-77 years) from 6 different US states participated in the user testing. CPs found the wireframes easy to navigate and intuitive. Based on CP feedback, changes were made to include inclusive language, reconstruct the dashboard, and add medication alerts and a summary care profile. CPs voiced pleasant surprise that the app was going to have such a substantial feature set, including guiding them through person-centered assessment and care planning of interventions to non-pharmacologically self-manage behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and caregiving stress. We thus successfully developed an initial set of wireframes using co-design principles with CPs. CPs appreciated the goal of self-management and activation to work with their primary care providers. Future work will seek to test a functional model with diverse CPs in diverse participants in the community.
INVESTIGATING FORMAL SERVICE UTILIZATION IN CAREGIVERS OF PERSONS LIVING WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Falzarano Francesca , Bloom Rachel , McCarthy Megan , Osso Francesco 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the United States, no acceptable alternatives exist to the heavy reliance on family caregivers in maintaining the long-term services and supports system. Despite their vital role, caregivers of persons living with dementia (PLWD) are often overlooked in healthcare encounters and their needs remain unaddressed, which can lead to deleterious impacts on the caregiver’s health, well-being, and capacity to provide adequate care. Although formal services and resources to assist caregivers of PLWD exist, there is a concerning disconnect between referral and service use uptake – largely due to a siloed, bureaucratic health system in addition to caregivers’ lack of knowledge, awareness, applicability, and access. However, the individual and psychosocial factors that influence attitudes toward and utilization of services remain unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine correlates of formal service use using data from an NIA-funded mixed-methods study of 46 caregivers of PWLD (Mage=55.9, SD=16.3). Across all domains queried (e.g., home health aides, adult day programs) at least 50% of the sample reported lack of use. Caregivers cited concerns regarding lack of trust, safety of the care-recipient, lack of flexibility, and cost as service barriers. Spousal, compared to adult-child, caregivers had more negative perceptions regarding formal services. Further, greater functional dependency, higher pre-loss grief, and lower levels of self-efficacy and preparedness were associated with more negative attitudes toward service use. These results underscore the importance in ascertaining the holistic needs of caregivers to inform more tailored efforts to connect caregivers’ unique needs to relevant services.
THE POTENTIAL AND PITFALLS OF TELEHEALTH TO SUPPORT AN AGING POPULATION
Authors: Boot Walter 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
As the population ages, telehealth services are becoming increasingly prevalent and important to help support older adults’ aging in place and manage their health at a distance. However, older adults often face barriers such as technology proficiency, physical and cognitive capacity, and lack of technical support to access and use telehealth. Designers and researchers need to design and evaluate telehealth interventions tailored to older adults’ needs to ensure these technology-based solutions meet their potential. This session will present a variety of technology-based research exploring the development, evaluation, and implementation of telehealth programs and interventions to better support older adults aging in place. L. Moo will present quantitative and qualitative data on challenges veterans experienced with clinical pharmacists’ video visits. L. Adepoju will present factors associated with in-person-only, telemedicine-only, and hybrid healthcare visits among older adults. P. Freddolino will present an evaluation of a telehealth 101 mini-course offered to older adults. F. Abujarad will discuss the development and evaluation of a digital health intervention (VOICES) to increase elder mistreatment identification. Finally, M. Gately will describe a study of person factors and environmental factors on older adults’ capacity to participate in video telehealth sessions. Older adult barriers and areas of improvement in telehealth design will be discussed throughout this session.
FEASIBILITY OF A DIGITAL ELDER MISTREATMENT INTERVENTION FOR COGNITIVELY IMPAIRED OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Abujarad Fuad , Edwards Chelsea , Neugroschl Judith , Hwang Ula , Marottoli Richard 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Older adults with cognitive impairments (CI) are at a higher risk for experiencing elder mistreatment (EM) and are less likely to report. Research is limited for self-administrated digital screening in this population, and generally focus on provider-based solutions to increasing EM identification. We developed a digital health intervention, VOICES, to increase EM identification. VOICES combines educational resources, screening, and brief psychoeducational interviewing to encourage older adults to self-report. We recruited participants with CI at a geriatric outpatient center (N=30) and the emergency department (ED) (N=101) to examine feasibility. Most participants could use VOICES independently (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores ranging from 14-25). 87% of ED participants felt VOICES was appropriate for use in the ED, and 97% felt that the digital coach instructions were easy to understand. Our results suggest that the VOICES is feasible for EM screening in older adults with CI, specifically with MoCA scores ranging from 14-25.
WHAT MATTERS TO CHINESE AND KOREAN DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS: INFORMING THE CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF THE NYUCI-ES PROGRAM
Authors: Wang Jing , Wu Bei , Johnson Min Kyoung , Leong I tek , Pei Yaolin , Epstein Cynthia , Cho Soyeon , Mittelman Mary 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Family caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD) undertake an extensive amount of care and many are challenged by heavy caregiving burden and their own health problems. The New York University Caregiver Intervention (NYUCI) program has demonstrated effectiveness in multiple studies among largely Caucasian samples in improving the wellbeing of caregivers of PWD by decreasing their levels of depression and stress and improving self-reported health. As two large Asian immigrant population in the U.S., Korean and Chinese American caregivers of PWD have unique challenges impacted by their cultural background. However, there are limited studies on what can be done to support them in a culturally sensitive way. The current study aims to inform the cultural adaptation of the program for Chinese and Korean caregivers with multiple chronic conditions by exploring their perspectives to understand their unique challenges, unmet needs, and the best ways to support them in caregiving and engage them in selfcare. We interviewed 14 Chinese and 11 Korean caregivers living in the New York Metropolitan Area. We compared themes mentioned by both groups and found that cultural beliefs profoundly impact their perceptions of dementia and caregiving, their way of utilizing social and family support, and understanding of self-care and counselling services. Caregivers are facing and addressing new challenges during and after the Pandemic, providing insights into how we can use technology and telehealth to assist them in caregiving and coordinating support from others. Our findings provided implications to culturally adapt the NYUCI program to culturally diverse populations.