bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis Indices With Insulin Sensitivity and Inflammation in the POP-ABC Study
Authors: Colon-Barreto Brigida , Asuzu Peace , Ebenibo Sotonte , Dagogo-Jack Samuel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Context
The cardiometabolic significance of subclinical liver fat in otherwise healthy individuals is unclear.

Objective
This work aimed to evaluate the association of hepatic steatosis/fibrosis with cardiometabolic risk markers and incident prediabetes among healthy adults.

Methods
This is a post hoc analysis of data from the Pathobiology of Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort (POP-ABC) study. The participants underwent assessments, including clinical examination, oral glucose tolerance test, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and adiponectin levels, with the primary outcome of incident prediabetes during 5-year follow-up. Liver steatosis and fibrosis were assessed using the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and the Fibrosis-4 (Fib-4) index, and participants were stratified by baseline quartiles (Q) of each index.

Results
Among 343 (193 African American, 150 European American) participants (mean age 44.2 ± 10.6 years, body mass index 30.2 ± 7.28, fasting glucose 91.8 ± 6.80 mg/dL, and 2-hour glucose 125 ± 26.5 mg/dL), the mean baseline HSI was 39.7 ± 8.21 and Fib-4 index was 0.80 ± 0.41. Baseline HSI correlated with insulin sensitivity (r = −0.44; P &lt; .0001), hsCRP (r = 0.37; P &lt; .0001), and adiponectin (r = −0.24; P &lt; .0001), as did Fib-4 index: insulin sensitivity (r = 0.14; P = .046), hsCRP (r = −0.17; P = .0021), adiponectin (r = −0.22; P &lt; .0001). During 5 years of follow-up, prediabetes occurred in 16.2%, 21.6%, 31.5%, and 30.6% among participants in Q1 to Q4 of baseline HSI, respectively (log-rank P = .02). The prediabetes hazard ratio was 1.138 (95% CI, 1.027-1.261) for baseline HSI.

Conclusion
Among initially normoglycemic individuals, hepatic steatosis predicted progression to prediabetes, probably via mechanisms that involve insulin resistance and inflammation.
Talking Past Each Other: Construal Level, Utilitarian Motives, and Entrepreneurial Team Formation
Authors: Gray Steven M. , Howell Travis , Sackett Esther 
Published: February 2024

Entrepreneurs often struggle to add cofounders who are both interpersonally compatible and who possess complementary resources (i.e., hybrid ties). In this paper, we suggest that there are cognitive and motivational differences between lead entrepreneurs and potential cofounders that complicate the formation of hybrid ties. We propose that lead entrepreneurs prioritize resources, whereas potential cofounders prioritize interpersonal compatibility, because of differences in construal level and utilitarian motives during the team formation process. Although these differences can complicate the formation of hybrid ties, we posit that lead entrepreneurs can overcome these differences by communicating in ways that highlight their interpersonal compatibility with potential cofounders. We find support for our theory across three studies with data from (1) the Y Combinator Co-Founder Matching online platform, (2) an online experiment with entrepreneurs, and (3) a networking event at an incubator. Our findings add novel contributions to the entrepreneurial team formation, entrepreneurial networking, and social networks literatures. Funding: This work was supported by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation [2016 Dissertation Fellowship Award]. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.16693 .
Competitive Familiarity: Learning to Coordinate by Competing
Authors: Ching Kenny , Forti Enrico , Rawley Evan 
Published: February 2024

This paper develops and tests a theory of organizational learning, proposing that prior competitive interaction improves coordination among teammates. We test the theory using millions of experiments in the formation of eSports teams. The results show that exogenously assigned teams of former competitors are highly effective—The marginal returns to prior competitive interaction are even larger than the returns to prior collaborative interaction. The evidence suggests that teammates learn to coordinate by competing, a finding with implications for organizational design and the management of human capital. Funding: The authors are grateful to UCL School of Management and Worcester Polytechnic Institute for financial and technical support.
Navigating hybridity: investigating the dance between culture and values within the cuban national education system.
Authors: Fox Brandon , Byker Erik 
Published: February 2024

Hybridity is the dynamic relationship between local and global factors that push and pull on people and nations. Hybridity is deeply situated in socio-contextual factors, like cultural beliefs, education, and political systems, that aid and hinder a people’s navigation of globalized phenomena. Simply put, hybridity is how people and societies adapt to a changing world. This article examines the case of Cuba in response to hybridity.
Specifically, the article’s purpose is to examine ways that the Cuban National Education System impacts how Cubans navigate the global march towards hybridity. The article reports on a focused ethnographic study of a week long education trip to Cuba during February 2013. The ethnography includes over 100 hours of data collection, including semi-structured interviews with 26 Cuban participants. The study uses Freire’s (1970) notion of “humanizing pedagogy” to analyze how the impact of the Cuban National Education System values in the context of Cuba and larger global context. The study found that three values in particular, amor, solidaridad, and conciencia de derechos y response, were deeply embedded in the Cuban National Education System and effect the way that Cubans navigate the complex hybridity that situates their island nation.
Towards Global Political Communities and New Citizenship Regimes
Authors: Benhabib Seyla 
Published: February 2024

Until now, attempts to identify a meeting point between the preservation of a universal political identity and maintaining national forms of belonging seem to find little application in the policies of world governments. Consequently, the idea of the individual as a citizen of the world is exposed to the risk of becoming an aspirational ideal devoid of practical and objective translations. In this regard, Theresa May’s recent criticism of a concept of world citizenship separate from any ethnic or national membership is an ideal starting point for reflecting on the intrinsic tensions of cosmopolitan political thought regarding citizenship.In response to the distant origin of the conflict between the universalist vision of man and the particular dimension of political participation, the article opens with a brief historical excursus of the principles of cosmopolitanism from classical antiquity to modern political thought, before arriving at a series of reflections on the changing of these values in today’s globalized scene. This study allows us to describe the evolution of the long tradition on which the universal human rights enshrined after the end of the Second World War are established. Universal human rights seem to be closely connected to the Age of Enlightenment’s cosmopolitan principles of hospitality and solidarity.Although today’s increasing social and political integration seems to facilitate the observation of the right to Kantian hospitality, it is noted that the right to asylum and the physical vulnerability of the individual are increasingly suspended or canceled by the same States who claim to be custodians of the universal values of man. Well known evidence of these contradictions are the tragic living conditions of migrants hosted in European hotspots, but also the treatment of the so-called Dreamers in the United States. Exploring the worthiness of the problem of the civil and political status of the growing number of migrants in the world, the need to guarantee access of citizenship benefits to foreigners is emphasized, in the hope that international solidarity practices on which cosmopolitan thought is based will continue to find application in current and future societies.
First-Generation Highly Skilled Migrants from a South-Asian Country
Authors: Wickramasinghe Vathsala , Eleperuma Madura 
Published: February 2024

This paper presents findings of a study that investigated causes for migration, the expectations of migration and post-migration experience of IT professionals from Sri Lanka. The paper also discusses effects of education qualification from abroad, past work experience from abroad, and homeownership before migration on skilled migration. For the study, survey methodology was used, and two different sample groups were selected – migrants and prospective migrants from the IT sector. The results indicated two domains of causes and four domains of expectations. There were significant differences between expectations and post-migration experience of migrants; there were significant differences in some causes for migration and expectations and postmigration experience by homeownership before migration. The paper concludes with a discussion on implications of the findings for theory and practice.
Pressure injury risk factors in adult orthopaedic surgical patients: a cross-sectional study and random forest
Authors: Zhao Dan , Jin Jiao , Luo Qiong , Wang Zhiwen , An Jinbing 
Published: February 2024

Objective: To identify the most important risk factors for predicting pressure injury (PI) occurrence in adult orthopaedic surgical patients based on investigation data, thereby identifying at-risk patients and facilitating formulation of an effective patient care strategy. Method: Patients were assessed with an instrument designed by the authors specifically for this study in a cross-sectional investigation following the STROBE checklist. The random forest method was adopted to select the most important risk factors and predict occurrence of PIs. Results: A dataset of 27 risk factors from 1701 patients was obtained. A subset of the 15 most important risk factors was identified. The random forest method had a high prediction accuracy of 0.9733 compared with 0.9281 calculated with a logistic model. Conclusion: Results indicated that the selected 15 risk factors, such as activity ability, friction/shear force, skin type and anaesthesia score, performed very well in predicting the occurrence of PIs in adult orthopaedic surgical patients.
Linewidth compression of a single longitudinal mode ytterbium-doped fiber laser based on femtosecond laser fabricated fiber Bragg gratings
Authors: Lv Ruidong , Chen Tao , Huang Jin , Sun Zenghui , Hou Yuxing , Si Jinhai , Zhou Yuan , Du Yong , Hou Xun 
Published: February 2024

We demonstrate a single longitudinal mode distributed Bragg reflection
(DBR) fiber laser by directly fabricating fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs)
on an ytterbium-doped fiber (YDF) using a femtosecond laser. A simple
optical self-injection feedback method was used to effectively
compress the linewidth and reduce relative intensity noise (RIN) of a
single longitudinal mode DBR fiber laser. Further, we investigated the
effect of self-injection feedback cavity length and reflectivity on
linewidth compression and determined that the linewidth tends to
decrease with the increase of the external cavity photon lifetime. By
a self-injection feedback, the laser linewidth was compressed from
31.8 kHz to 1.4 kHz. Meanwhile, the relaxation oscillation peak from at 1.51 MHz was suppressed to at 0.16 MHz. This low-noise narrow
linewidth single longitudinal mode fiber laser is expected to be a
promising candidate for applications such as active detection of
neutral atmosphere and distributed fiber sensing.
Dual-band polarization insensitive graphene-based reconfigurable absorber in a terahertz regime
Authors: Verma Asha , Meena Om Prakash 
Published: February 2024

In this paper, a dual-band graphene-based absorber is structured and investigated in a terahertz frequency domain. The designed absorber contains a plus-shaped graphene sheet, as well as four dual concentric graphene-based rings. It is designed according to the SiO2-based substrate. A dual concentric graphene ring provides more than 90% absorption from 2.36–3.24 THz, while a plus-shaped graphene sheet is accountable for absorption from 5.0–5.32 THz. The maximum absorption is found at 2.56, 3.08, and 5.16 THz with 99.81%, 97.34%, and 99.74%, respectively. The variation in the chemical potential of the graphene material offers re-configurability in the dual absorption bands. Due to the four-fold symmetry of the designed structure, the absorptivity value is approximately constant for various polarizations with a wide incident angle (more than 60°). The aforementioned features of the proposed graphene-based absorber make it appropriate in a terahertz frequency regime.
DACNN-aided nonlinear equalizer for a probabilistic shaping coherent optical communication system
Authors: Li Yuzhe , Chang Huan , Zhang Qi , Gao Ran , Tian Feng , Tian Qinghua , Wang Yongjun , Rao Lan , Guo Dong , Wang Fu , Zhou Sitong , Xin Xiangjun 
Published: February 2024

The probabilistic shaping (PS) technique is a key technology for fiber optic
communication systems to further approach the Shannon limit. To solve
the problem that nonlinear equalizers are ineffective for
probabilistic shaping optical communication systems with non-uniform
distribution, a distribution alignment convolutional neural network
(DACNN)-aided nonlinear equalizer is proposed. The approach calibrates
the equalizer using the probabilistic shaping prior distribution,
which reduces the training complexity and improves the performance of
the equalizer simultaneously. Experimental results show nonlinear
equalization of 120 Gb/s PS 64QAM signals in a 375 km
transmission scenario. The proposed DACNN equalizer improves the
receiver sensitivity by 2.6 dB and 1.1 dB over the
Volterra equalizer and convolutional neural network (CNN) equalizer,
respectively. Meanwhile, DACNN converges with fewer training epochs
than CNN, which provides great potential for mitigating the nonlinear
distortion of PS signals in fiber optic communication systems.
Detection of Salmonella Typhi bacteriophages in surface waters as a scalable approach to environmental surveillance
Authors: Shrestha Sneha , Da Silva Kesia Esther , Shakya Jivan , Yu Alexander T. , Katuwal Nishan , Shrestha Rajeev , Shakya Mudita , Shahi Sabin Bikram , Naga Shiva Ram , LeBoa Christopher , Aiemjoy Kristen , Bogoch Isaac I. , Saha Senjuti , Tamrakar Dipesh , Andrews Jason R. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Environmental surveillance, using detection of Salmonella Typhi DNA, has emerged as a potentially useful tool to identify typhoid-endemic settings; however, it is relatively costly and requires molecular diagnostic capacity. We sought to determine whether S. Typhi bacteriophages are abundant in water sources in a typhoid-endemic setting, using low-cost assays.

Methodology
We collected drinking and surface water samples from urban, peri-urban and rural areas in 4 regions of Nepal. We performed a double agar overlay with S. Typhi to assess the presence of bacteriophages. We isolated and tested phages against multiple strains to assess their host range. We performed whole genome sequencing of isolated phages, and generated phylogenies using conserved genes.

Findings
S. Typhi-specific bacteriophages were detected in 54.9% (198/361) of river and 6.3% (1/16) drinking water samples from the Kathmandu Valley and Kavrepalanchok. Water samples collected within or downstream of population-dense areas were more likely to be positive (72.6%, 193/266) than those collected upstream from population centers (5.3%, 5/95) (p=0.005). In urban Biratnagar and rural Dolakha, where typhoid incidence is low, only 6.7% (1/15, Biratnagar) and 0% (0/16, Dolakha) river water samples contained phages. All S. Typhi phages were unable to infect other Salmonella and non-Salmonella strains, nor a Vi-knockout S. Typhi strain. Representative strains from S. Typhi lineages were variably susceptible to the isolated phages. Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. Typhi phages belonged to the class Caudoviricetes and clustered in three distinct groups.

Conclusions
S. Typhi bacteriophages were highly abundant in surface waters of typhoid-endemic communities but rarely detected in low typhoid burden communities. Bacteriophages recovered were specific for S. Typhi and required Vi polysaccharide for infection. Screening small volumes of water with simple, low-cost (~$2) plaque assays enables detection of S. Typhi phages and should be further evaluated as a scalable tool for typhoid environmental surveillance.
Spatial heterogeneity in mass drug administration from a longitudinal epidemiological study assessing transmission interruption of soil transmitted helminths in the Wolaita zone of southern Ethiopia (Geshiyaro Project)
Authors: Rayment Gomez Santiago , Maddren Rosie , Liyew Ewnetu Firdawek , Chernet Melkie , Anjulo Ufaysa , Tamiru Adugna , Tollera Getachew , Tasew Geremew , Mengistu Birhan , Collyer Benjamin , Forbes Kathryn , Anderson Roy 
Published: February 2024

Objectives
Deworming programmes of soil-transmitted helminths are generally monitored and evaluated by aggregating drug coverage and infection levels at a district level. However, heterogeneity in drug coverage at finer spatial scales means indicators may remain above thresholds for elimination as a public health problem or of transmission in some areas. This paper aims to highlight the misleading information that aggregating data at larger spatial scales can have for programme decision making.

Methods
Drug coverage data from the Geshiyaro project were compared at two spatial scales with reference to the World Health Organisation’s targets. District (woreda) and village (kebele) level were compared. The association between infection levels and drug coverage was analysed by fitting a weighted least-squares function to the mean intensity of infection (eggs per gram of faeces) against drug coverage.

Results
The data show clearly that when the evaluation of coverage is aggregated to the district level, information on heterogeneity at a finer spatial scale is lost. Infection intensity decreases significantly (p = 0.0023) with increasing drug coverage.

Conclusion
Aggregating data at large spatial scales can result in prematurely ceasing deworming, prompting rapid infection bounce-back. There is a strong need to define context-specific spatial scales for monitoring and evaluating intervention programmes.
Coupling coordination and interactive effects of new urbanization efficiency and eco-efficiency—A case study of Fujian Province
Authors: Cao Yan , Wei Jianchong 
Published: February 2024

(1) Background
This study explores the coupling and coordinated development of new urbanization and eco-efficiency and their interaction mechanisms from the perspective of efficiency, and it has significant implications for promoting high-quality development and surpassing in China’s regional development.

(2) Objective
The study aims to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of new urbanization efficiency and eco-efficiency and its coupling and coordinated development relationship.

(3) Methods
Using panel data from 2010 to 2020 for nine cities in Fujian Province, this study employs the undesired super-efficiency SBM model to measure the efficiency of new urbanization and eco-efficiency. Additionally, a spatial panel Durbin model is constructed to analyze the interaction effect between the two efficiencies.

(4) Results
During the study period, both new urbanization efficiency and eco-efficiency in Fujian Province showed a fluctuating upward trend, with higher efficiency in the southeast than the northwest, exhibiting significant spatial agglomeration effects. Despite high double efficiency coupling, coordinated development was low, evolving from near-disorder to barely coordinated. The high coupling and coordination areas were mainly concentrated in the southeast, with gaps between different regions gradually narrowing. There was positive interaction between dual efficiency in the same region, with new urbanization efficiency showing a positive spatial spillover effect on eco-efficiency. Conversely, the spatial spillover effect of eco-efficiency on new urbanization efficiency was not significant.
Safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with heart failure: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Schiavo Simone , Brenna Connor T. A. , Albertini Lisa , Djaiani George , Marinov Anton , Katznelson Rita 
Published: February 2024

Background
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has several hemodynamic effects including increases in afterload (due to vasoconstriction) and decreases in cardiac output. This, along with rare reports of pulmonary edema during emergency treatment, has led providers to consider HBOT relatively contraindicated in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, there is limited evidence regarding the safety of elective HBOT in patients with heart failure (HF), and no existing reports of complications among patients with HF and preserved LVEF. We aimed to retrospectively review patients with preexisting diagnoses of HF who underwent elective HBOT, to analyze HBOT-related acute HF complications.

Methods
Research Ethics Board approvals were received to retrospectively review patient charts. Patients with a history of HF with either preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), mid-range ejection fraction (HFmEF), or reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who underwent elective HBOT at two Hyperbaric Centers (Toronto General Hospital, Rouge Valley Hyperbaric Medical Centre) between June 2018 and December 2020 were reviewed.

Results
Twenty-three patients with a history of HF underwent HBOT, completing an average of 39 (range 6–62) consecutive sessions at 2.0 atmospheres absolute (ATA) (n = 11) or at 2.4 ATA (n = 12); only two patients received fewer than 10 sessions. Thirteen patients had HFpEF (mean LVEF 55 ± 7%), and seven patients had HFrEF (mean LVEF 35 ± 8%) as well as concomitantly decreased right ventricle function (n = 5), moderate/severe tricuspid regurgitation (n = 3), or pulmonary hypertension (n = 5). The remaining three patients had HFmEF (mean LVEF 44 ± 4%). All but one patient was receiving fluid balance therapy either with loop diuretics or dialysis.
Twenty-one patients completed HBOT without complications. We observed symptoms consistent with HBOT-related HF exacerbation in two patients. One patient with HFrEF (LVEF 24%) developed dyspnea attributed to pulmonary edema after the fourth treatment, and later admitted to voluntarily holding his diuretics before the session. He was managed with increased oral diuretics as an outpatient, and ultimately completed a course of 33 HBOT sessions uneventfully. Another patient with HFpEF (LVEF 64%) developed dyspnea and desaturation after six sessions, requiring hospital admission. Acute coronary ischemia and pulmonary embolism were ruled out, and an elevated BNP and normal LVEF on echocardiogram confirmed a diagnosis of pulmonary edema in the context of HFpEF. Symptoms subsided after diuretic treatment and the patient was discharged home in stable condition, but elected not to resume HBOT.

Conclusions
Patients with HF, including HFpEF, may develop HF symptoms during HBOT and warrant ongoing surveillance. However, these patients can receive HBOT safely after optimization of HF therapy and fluid restriction.