bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical investigations on electron-impact single-ionization cross section of Sn 11+
Authors: Zhang Fangjun , Ding Xiaobin , Gao Cheng , Zhang Denghong , Zeng Jiaolong , Dong Chenzhong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The total cross-section of electron-impact single ionization for the ground configuration 3d
104s
24p
64d
3 and excited configuration 3d
104s
24p
64d
24f of Sn
11+ is determined from the ionization threshold to 1000 eV. The contributions of direct ionization, excitation auto-ionization, and resonant excitation double auto-ionization to the total electron-impact single ionization cross-section are systematically demonstrated. The cross-section of direct ionization and excited auto-ionization are determined using the level-to-level method, while the cross-section of partially resonant excited double auto-ionization are determined through the configuration averaged method. To obtain convergence, excitation channels with the maximum principal quantum number up to n = 25 are considered. A comparison of the present results with the experimental data [Borovik et al. J. Phys. B 46, 175 201 (2013)] reveal considerably improved agreement when including the resonant excitation double auto-ionization in the calculation.
Colliding null matter with a specific stress tensor
Authors: Halilsoy Mustafa , Hsieh Chia-Li , Mangut Mert 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The accretion disks around black holes consist of infalling matter boosted almost to the speed of light making collisions with opposite counterpart. This is the rough picture occurring near black holes or other strongly gravitating centers that produce observed phenomena such as astrophysical jets. A toy model that can be considered imitating such a process is colliding null sources in general relativity. We present such a simple model projected into the plane of null coordinates that takes into account only neutral sources. We show that even at such a simplified model, uncharged and non-rotating, it is possible to obtain jet-like ejections albeit they lie below the horizon. In the present study the spacetime consists of either one of (i) a cloud of strings, (ii) a global monopole, (iii) a particular model of bumblebee gravity, all described by a similar class of stress-energy tensor. There are gravitational waves accompanying the null sources and naturally collision of gravitational waves is also taken into account. After the collision, the spacetime contains both null and non-null sources, followed by trailing gravitational radiations. Locally the interaction region of the colliding null-sources and gravitational waves is isometric to the static background spacetime.
Solution of steady state in the model polymer system with rupture and rebinding
Authors: Shukla Prakhar , Pathak Neha , Debnath Pallavi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study the steady state attained in our model polymer system that attempts to explain the relative motion between soft rubbing surfaces at the single polymer level. We generalize our one-dimensional model [Borah et al, 2016 Soft Matter
12 4406] by including the rebinding of interconnecting bonds between a flexible transducer (bead spring polymer) and a rigid fixed plate. The interconnecting bonds described as harmonic springs rupture and rebind stochastically when a constant force pulls the flexible transducer. We obtain a distinct steady state in stochastic simulations of the model when the bead positions and the bond states (closed or open) are independent of time, analogous to creep states in frictional systems and rupture termination states in earthquakes. The simulation results of the stochastic model for specific parameter sets agree with the numerical solution to the mean-field equations developed for analytical tractability. We develop an analytical solution for the steady state within the homotopy analysis method, which converges and agrees well with the numerical results.
Oxygen locations and electronic structures of oxygenated coinage-metal clusters
Authors: Zhang Manli , Wang Xuemei , Bao Xia , Liu Qiman , Cheng Longjiu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The structure features and stability of MnO (M = Cu, Ag and Au; n = 2–9) clusters are investigated using the genetic algorithm combined with the density functional theory (DFT). It is found that CunO and AgnO are more inclined to 3-dimension compact structures, while the transition of AunO from 2 to 3-dimensions occurs at n = 7, in which O atoms prefer to be located on the vertexes regardless of different sizes and configurations of metal Mn cores. Due to the relativistic effect, the stability of AunO is maximum, while the AgnO are less stable, and that of CunO is in between them. The molecular dynamics simulations show that the structures of M4O can maintain integrity with only slight disturbances of individual atoms at a temperature of 300 K. But only the Au4O is stable at 500K, and the Ag4O and Cu4O have severely structural deformation. In most cases, the density of states of larger-sized MnO can be regarded as the superposition of small clusters, and distributions of the curves are in good agreement on the whole. The molecular orbitals reveal that the HOMO/LUMO orbitals are mainly distributed around the M atoms. The natural population analysis charges show that the charge-transferring direction is from M to O atoms, where the charge of O atoms exhibits odd–even oscillation behaviors, with different intensity peaks at the same n.
Weakly confined silicon nanodiscs as material system for THz absorption: analytical study
Authors: Sudha Pooja , Goswami Mayank , Samanta Arup 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A weakly confined silicon based nano structure as a THz absorbing material is introduced. Using an effective mass approximation and 2D hydrogenic solution along with 1st order perturbation correction for truncated potential, we calculated inter-band and intra-band energy spectrum of weakly confined silicon nanodisc system. Variation of inter-band and intra-conduction-band absorption spectrum with the different sizes of the nanodisc are presented for various diameter from 10 nm to 32 nm and constant thickness of 4 nm. Inter-band and intra-band absorption spectrum are simulated using the oscillator strength. These calculation shows that intra-band absorption spectrum of the weakly confined nanodisc can cover a large THz (∼ 0.3–6.5 THz) spectrum range for these set of nanodiscs. The proposed silicon based THz absorbing material can be utilized for CMOS compatible THz technology if design on silicon-on-insulator system.
Knob of adjusting light group velocity in an inhomogeneously broadened degenerate two-level atomic medium by a magnetic field
Authors: Tuan Anh Nguyen , Doan Thanh Thai , Huy Bang Nguyen , Yen Nga Luong Thi , Hoang Minh Dong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We proposed a simple model for investigating subluminal and superluminal light propagation via an external magnetic field in an inhomogeneously broadened degenerate two-level atomic medium. We show that a magnetic field can be utilized as a knob to control the absorption/dispersion properties and group index of the medium. By changing the magnitude and reversing the direction of the magnetic field, the positive group index is converted to the negative group index at the center of the EIT window, corresponding with the propagation of a weak light pulse from subluminal to superluminal. Moreover, the influence of the Doppler broadening effect on the group index is also included, making the results approach to actual conditions. Therefore, the suggested model may be helpful for the application realization of optical storage in quantum computers and quantum information processing.
Kinetic plasma-sheath self-organization
Authors: Munschy Yann , Bourne Emily , Dif-Pradalier Guilhem , Donnel Peter , Ghendrih Philippe , Grandgirard Virginie , Sarazin Yanick 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The interaction between a plasma and a solid surface is studied in a (1D–1V) kinetic framework using a localized particle and convective energy source. Matching the quasineutral plasma region and sheath horizon is addressed in the fluid framework with a zero heat flux closure. It highlights non-polytropic nature of the physics of parallel transport. Shortfalls of this approach compared to a reference kinetic simulation highlight the importance of the heat flux as the measure of kinetic effects. Non-collisional closure and higher moment closure are used to determine the sound velocity. Within these frameworks, no gain in the fluid predictive capability is obtained. The kinetic constraint at the sheath horizon is discussed and modified to account for conditions that are actually met in simulations, namely quasineutrality with a small but finite charge density. Analyzing the distribution functions shows that collisional transfer is mandatory to achieve steady-state self-organization on the open field lines.
Seasonal variability and predictability of monsoon precipitation in Southern Africa
Authors: Horan Matthew F , Kucharski Fred , Ashfaq Moetasim 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Rainfed agriculture is the mainstay of economies across Southern Africa (SA), where most precipitation is received during the austral summer monsoon. This study aims to further our understanding of monsoon precipitation predictability over SA. We use three natural climate forcings, El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and the Indian Ocean Precipitation Dipole (IOPD)—the dominant precipitation variability mode—to construct an empirical model that exhibits significant skill over SA during monsoon in explaining precipitation variability and in forecasting it with a five-month lead. While most explained precipitation variance (50%–75%) comes from contemporaneous IOD and IOPD, preconditioning all three forcings is key in predicting monsoon precipitation with a zero to five-month lead. Seasonal forecasting systems accurately represent the interplay of the three forcings but show varying skills in representing their teleconnection over SA. This makes them less effective at predicting monsoon precipitation than the empirical model.
Eco-friendly green roof from biodegradable substrate for stormwater quality improvement
Authors: Azam N I Z Mohd , Romali N S , Razak A S Abd 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Currently, there is a significant surge of interest in green roof technology for construction buildings due to its numerous environmental benefits, such as stormwater management, energy efficiency, and enhanced urban biodiversity. However, the issue of potential pollutant release from green roof substrates into runoff water, causing water pollution, needs to be addressed. To tackle this concern, a lab-scale green roof model was assessed, utilizing a biodegradable substrate made from banana peels and eggshell waste (organic fertilizer). Three models were tested: a conventional green roof (control), a green roof with chemical fertilizer, and a green roof with organic fertilizer. Various water quality parameters, including pH, total suspended solids (TSS), nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), were evaluated. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of organic fertilizer in reducing TSS and COD levels, where the eco-friendly green roof with biodegradable substrate exhibited an impressive performance, achieving a higher COD removal percentage (78%) compared to the green roof with chemical fertilizer (50%). The utilization of organic fertilizer led to an enhancement in the quality of stormwater runoff, resulting in NPK removal percentages ranging from 17% to 25%. Additionally, the organic fertilizer fostered healthier vegetation growth, leading to a greater number of leaves compared to the chemical fertilizer. These findings highlight the potential of eco-friendly green roofs as a sustainable and effective tool for stormwater management, provided suitable substrate materials are employed.
Enhancing Educational Environments: Retrofitting for Improved Accessibility and Inclusion of Person with disabilities (PWDs) in Schools
Authors: Julius J. , Gungat L. , Tukiman I. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Accessibility and inclusion of Persons with disabilities (PWDs) is an essential requirement in every school building. This is in line with the latest amendments to Uniform Building By-Laws 2022 gazetted by the Sabah Local Government, and Malaysian Standard (MS). All public buildings including schools, were made compulsory to provide accessibility and inclusion of Persons with disabilities (PWDs). A lack of accessibility contributed to dull educational environments for teachers and students. The aim of this research is to develope a framework for enhancing educational environments for retrofitting existing schools. Research method employed for this study is data collection from questionnaire gathered from the overall school’s plan layout with building retrofit of Universal Design (UD) elements and access audit for star rating compliance with inclusive design assessment. It is also an opportunity to identify any issues with school constraints that make it difficult to meet the Uniform Building By-Laws (UBBL) requirements through the focus group access audit group. Research finding shows that less building retrofit elements been built according to the Malaysian Standards (MS) to schools in Kota Kinabalu. In conclusion, all existing and current-use schools are deserved to be retrofitted with quality Universal Design (UD) elements such as ramps, handrails, disabled car parks, covered walkways, signage, wayfinding, lift, disabled-toilet, etc. Thus, the level of accessibility can be achieved with satisfaction and equivalency to Malaysian Standard through the introducing of framework for enhancing educational environments of retrofitting Inclusive design for PWDs.
Assessing Earthquake-Induced Housing Damage: A Fuzzy Ahp Approach Incorporating Local Parameters and Pga Zoning in the Bantul District, Indonesia
Authors: Bawono A S , Ramli N I , Ali M I 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Earthquakes used to cause significant harm, including loss of life and damage to buildings and infrastructure. For example, the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake in Indonesia resulted in widespread devastation, injuries, and extensive damage. In the past, people relied on Seismic Risk Assessment (SRA) to estimate the chances of earthquake-related damage to buildings and infrastructure and the economic losses involved. SRA used vulnerability functions to understand how susceptible buildings were to earthquake damage. Many places and situations used the Hazard United States (HAZUS) system, which had categories like slight, moderate, extensive, and complete damage, to classify building damage. However, there used to be differences in expert opinions about earthquake vulnerability due to variations in their knowledge and experience. Experts often used words like “very high” or “low irregularity” to express their understanding, and they evaluated these factors using qualitative logic. Different approaches were explored in the past to tackle the complexity and uncertainty in the assessment process, including fuzzy logic. The methodology presented in this paper introduced a framework called Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). This framework aimed to assist decision-makers, engineers, and policymakers in choosing the most appropriate category for assessing earthquake-induced housing damage. Four experts with over twenty years of experience in disaster management, earthquake-affected residential housing, and related fields were involved in the research. The goal was to present a method for estimating the Best Nonfuzzy Performance value (BNP) weight based on differences in Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) zoning (green, yellow, and red zones) in the Bantul district. The results showed that slight damage had the highest score in the green zone, while complete damage had the lowest score. Similarly, in the yellow zone, slight damage maintained the highest score, while complete damage received the lowest score. Lastly, moderate damage was identified as the most critical in the red zone, and complete damage had the lowest score. These findings had implications for decision-makers, engineers, and policymakers: 1). Decision-makers could use this information to allocate budgets efficiently for safety measures. 2). Engineers were able to focus on strengthening structures in the green zone for slight damage and allocate more resources to address moderate damage in the red zone. 3). Policymakers had the opportunity to tailor disaster response plans based on the predominant damage state in each zone, allowing them to prioritize evacuations and resource deployment accordingly. This paper provides an overview that needs to be developed by researchers in order to improve the results and offer more effective education.
Investigation of Depth-Area-Duration (DAD) Curves for Kuantan River Basin (KRB)
Authors: Othman N , Krishnan B , Misbari S , Samat S R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Depth-area-duration (DAD) analysis of rainfall is performed to evaluate the maximum amount of rainfall over areas of various sizes within different durations. It is frequently used to characterize precipitation extremes for the specification of so-called rainfall, with DAD curves resembling the correlation between rainfall depth and area. Kuantan River Basin (KRB) is one of the major rivers in Pahang that typically experiences heavy precipitation during the northeast monsoon season from November through March. In this study, DAD curves for KRB were developed for the duration of 1-day to 7-day. Daily rainfall data between 2008 to 2019 from eight stations in KRB were used to develop the DAD curves. DAD curve development initially requires an isohyet map’s illustration that can be constructed through the interpolation of Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method. The isohyet maps were developed in the ArcGIS software to purposely obtain the average maximum rainfall depths for each rainfall duration. The maximum rainfall amount of 1-day up to 7-day durations increased from 394.45 mm to 857.61 mm. The results indicated that the maximum amount of rainfall will increase along with the duration from 1-day to 7-day. The gap between the final DAD curve of 6-day and 7-day was less compared to other duration curves; however, the gap for both curves increased from the 800 km2 to 1000 km2 areas where the gap differences between the curves accelerated from 12 mm to 34 mm. Final DAD curves of KRB were produced from the combination of initial DAD curves with durations ranging from 1 to 7 days. The DAD curves produced in this study can provide further information on the maximum rainfall depth under different storm durations for hydrological planning purposes, particularly in KRB.
Microstructure Analysis and Permanent Deformation of Porous Asphalt incorporating Steel Fiber
Authors: Mohd Rodzi A. S. , Masri K.A. , Shahnewaz S.Md. , Ferdaus R. , Abd Ghani N. A. A. , Arshad A. K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPorous asphalt composition is frequently used for the surface extraction layer of pavements because to its open structure and high air void percentage, which lessens disturbance and offers protection during precipitation. Porous asphalt composition has a high air void percentage. This would make it possible for water to be stored horizontally inside the pavement layer as well as moved about within that layer. It is possible that this may lessen the impacts of splash and spray, hence improving drivers’ sight during rainstorms. On the other hand, because to the large percentage of air voids contained inside it, the porous asphalt would be prone to rutting, cracking, and peeling. The goal of this research is to explore the microstructure of porous asphalt that has been mixed with steel fibers in proportions ranging from 0 percent to 0.3 percent. The second objective was to analyze the long-term deformation of porous asphalt that had either 0 or 0.3 percent steel fiber content. In this study, a porous asphalt composition was developed with the help of Marshall mix design. Using sieve analysis, the whole mixture of coarse, fine, filler, bituminous binder, and a range of aggregate sizes was separated into its component parts. Pictures taken using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), an x-ray diffractometer (XRD), and a fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) are being used in this inquiry (FTIR). The findings point to the possibility that the performance of porous asphalt mixture might be greatly improved by the addition of steel fiber. Additionally, one may make the case that steel fiber has a longer lifespan than the several other forms of fiber that are used in porous asphalt pavement.
Physical design and recent experimental results of the new ICRF antenna on EAST
Authors: YANG 杨 Hua 桦 , ZHANG 张 Xinjun 新军 , YUAN 袁 Shuai 帅 , QIN 秦 Chengming 成明 , ZHANG 张 Wei 伟 , URBANCZYK G. , Qian 钱 Jinping 金平 , LIU 刘 Lunan 鲁南 , WANG 王 Gaoxiang 高翔 , Chen 陈 Qingqing 青青 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Two new ICRF antennas operating in the ion cyclotron radio frequency (ICRF) range have been developed for EAST to overcome the low coupling problem of the original antennas. The original ICRF antennas were limited in their power capacity due to insufficient coupling. The new antenna design takes into account both wave coupling and absorption processes through comprehensive wave coupling and absorption codes, with the dominant parallel wave number

of 7.5 m−1 at dipole phasing. Through the use of these new ICRF antennas, we are able to achieve 3.8 MW output power and 360 s operation, respectively. The initial experimental results demonstrate the reliability of the antenna design method.
A review of control strategies for automatic generation control in power systems with renewable energy
Authors: Kuang Ming , Tian Youwen , Liu Qingyu , Zhao Meng , Wu Xin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This review presents a state-of-the-art literature review of automatic generation control (AGC) control strategies for power systems containing renewable energy sources. The incorporation of renewable energy into the power system has a large impact on the stability, reliability, economy and security of the power system. To mitigate these effects, it is important to choose a suitable control strategy for AGC. However, there is a limited amount of literature available on the review of AGC in renewable energy power systems, so a review of AGC control strategies for renewable energy-containing power systems is necessary. The investigation of this paper focuses on all kinds of different AGC control strategies for renewable energy-containing power systems, such as proportional integral derivative control, fuzzy control, artificial neural network control, etc, and compares and considers these different control methods, while this paper summarises the power system models with/without renewable energy. In addition, this paper summarises and discusses the application of intelligent optimization algorithms and energy storage systems to control strategies. The problems and future research directions of the current research on power systems with renewable energy sources are also discussed.