bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect and mechanism of Tetramethylpyrazine in repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats
Authors: Li Yang , Li Yujie , Wang Guang , Li Yao , Zhuo Naiqiang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective: Observing the effects of Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on the expression of Collagen IV and Laminin in neurovascular basement membrane and the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells, and to study the mechanism of TMP in the treatment of sciatic nerve injury.
Methods: Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, the model of sciatic nerve crush injury was made by means of hemostatic forceps, These rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (NC group), Tetramethylpyrazine group (TMP group, 200mg/kg), and normal saline group (NS group, 200mg/kg). Sciatic nerve function index (SFI) and grid crawling experiments were used for behavioral evaluation. hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe its pathological structure and morphology. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression level of Collagen IV and Laminin expression in sciatic nerve vascular basal membrane. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of CD31 and Brdu receptors. The number of Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) was detected by flow cytometry.
Results：Compared with the NS group, the TMP group had a significant increase in the sciatic nerve function index (P<0.01).The miss times in TMP group was significantly lower than that in NS group (P<0.01). The HE staining results of the TMP group showed irregular arrangement of some neuronal axons and Schwann cells, and more edema and rupture of cells. The proliferation of glial cells and inflammatory cells was significantly increased in TMP group. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of type IV collagen and laminin in the TMP group group was distributed around the blood vessels, vascular endothelial cells, basal membrane and glial cells after SNI. The expression of type IV collagen and laminin in TMP group increased significantly(P< 0.05). Immunofluorescence showed that compared with NS group, the apoptosis rate of TMP group was significantly decreased (P< 0.01). Flow cytometry results showed that compared with the NS group, the number of CECs in the TMP group was significantly decreased (P< 0.01).
Association of Frailty Syndrome and Sarcopenia With Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Older Patients
Authors: Dwipa Lazuardhi , Gukguk Rany Monica Raja , Hidayat Syarief , Susandi Evan , Permana Hikmat , Martha Januar Wibawa , Wijaya Indra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular disease rises significantly with age. In aging, there are changes in body composition and functional status that lead to a decreased muscle mass and strength leading to sarcopenia and frailty syndrome. Frailty syndrome and sarcopenia are predicted to accelerate atherosclerosis, but the study in elderly was very limited. This study aims to find the association of frailty syndrome and sarcopenia with subclinical atherosclerosis in older patients.
Methods
This study was an observational study. Primary data were collected with cross-sectional study approach at Outpatient Clinic of Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung during April - August 2023 who had no history of cardiovascular disease. Frailty syndrome was measured by Ina-FRAIL score while sarcopenia was measured by Ina-SARC-F score and appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI). Body composition was measured by bioimpedance analysis. Subclinical atherosclerosis was defined by the presence of carotid artery plaques evaluated by ultrasonographic examination.
Results
The study was conducted in 144 older patients who met the inclusion criteria. Frailty syndrome (OR 10.09, 95% CI 1.04–97.80, p value 0.046) and older age (OR 6.09, 95% CI 1.27–29.17, p value 0.024) were associated with carotid plaques. Sarcopenia based on Ina-SARC-F score (OR 1.30 95% CI 0.27–6.35, p value 0.742) and based on ASMI (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.19–2.71, p value 0.756) were not associated with carotid plaque.
Conclusion
Frailty syndrome is associated with the presence of carotid plaques, while sarcopenia has not been proven yet.
Automated Discovery of Integral with Deep Learning
Authors: Yin Xiaoxin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Recent advancements in the realm of deep learning, particularly in the development of large language models (LLMs), have demonstrated AI's ability to tackle complex mathematical problems or solving programming challenges. However, the capability to solve well-defined problems based on extensive training data differs significantly from the nuanced process of making scientific discoveries. Trained on almost all human knowledge available, today's sophisticated LLMs basically learn to predict sequences of tokens. They generate mathematical derivations and write code in a similar way as writing an essay, and do not have the ability to pioneer scientific discoveries in the manner a human scientist would do. In this study we delve into the potential of using deep learning to rediscover a fundamental mathematical concept: integrals. By defining integrals as area under the curve, we illustrate how AI can deduce the integral of a given function, exemplified by inferring $\int_{0}^{x} t^2 dt = \frac{x^3}{3}$ and $\int_{0}^{x} ae^{bt} dt = \frac{a}{b} e^{bx} - \frac{a}{b}$. Our experiments show that deep learning models can approach the task of inferring integrals either through a sequence-to-sequence model, akin to language translation, or by uncovering the rudimentary principles of integration, such as $\int_{0}^{x} t^n dt = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1}$.
Aqueous Extract of Aloe Vera Ameliorates Ethanol-Induced Liver Damage and Oxidative Stress in Balb/C Mice
Authors: Saleh Jilmari Shadrach , Bedan Helga Ishaya , Chiroma Samaila Musa , Attah Martha Orendu Oche , Manye Sunday Joseph , Dibal Nathan Isaac 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Exessive alcohol abuse is associated with physiological and pathological effects on the body. Aloe vera was selected because of its many beneficial qualities.
Methods
25 mice were given the following treatment protocol: distilled water (normal control), 20% ethanol at 10ml/kg (negative control), 25mg/kg Aqueous extract of Aloe vera (AA) plus 20% ethanol, 50mg/kg AA plus 20% ethanol and 100mg/kg silymarin plus 20% ethanol (positive control) respectively daily for 18 days. After sacrifice, blood was collected for biochemical analysis. The liver was analysed histologically, histochemically and part was macerated to determine oxidative stress biomarkers.
Results
AA significantly decreased (P < .05) AST activity but it did not significantly decrease ALT activity.It significantly increased (P < .05) albumin levels. Pre-treatment with AA at 25mg/kg significantly elevated (P < .05) catalase and SOD activities. However, GSH activity was not significantly changed. AA was found to significantly reduce (P < .05) lipid peroxidation. AA significantly increased the number of hepatocytes at telophase stage relative to the ethanol-treated mice. Histological and histochemical analysis revealed normal hepatocytes with few vacuoles and fewer fat droplets in the liver parenchyma of AA treated mice compared to the ethanol group.
Conclusion
The results reveal that pretreatment with AA has hepatoprotective effects on ethanol-induced hepatic damage by reducing oxidative stress and preserving the histology of the hepatic tissue.
Reduced Dose of Post-transplant Cyclophosphamide with Tacrolimus for the Prevention of Graft-versus-Host Disease in HLA-Matched Donor Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplants: A Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Martinez Carmen , Juárez Alex , Salas María Queralt , Pedraza Alexandra , Suárez-Lledó María , Rodríguez-Lobato Luis Gerardo , Solano María , Serrahima Anna , Nomdedeu Meritxell , Cid Joan , Lozano Miquel , Charry Paola , Arcarons Jordi , de Llobet Noemí , Rosiñol Laura , Fernández-Avilés Francesc , Rovira Montse 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
High-dose post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) (50 mg/kg/day, days + 3/+4) is an excellent strategy to prevent GVHD. However, its use is associated with adverse outcomes such as delayed engraftment, increased risk of infection, and cardiac complications. We prospectively evaluated PTCY at a reduced dose of 40 mg/kg/day on days + 3/+4 plus tacrolimus in 22 patients undergoing HLA-matched alloHSCT. At day + 100, the cumulative incidences of grade II-IV and III-IV acute GVHD were 18.2% and 4.5%, respectively. No grade IV acute GVHD or steroid-refractory disease was observed. The cumulative incidences of all-grade and moderate-severe chronic GVHD at 1-year were 11.4% and 6.4%, respectively. No patient died from transplant-related complications. Two-year OS and RFS were 77.1% and 58.3%, respectively. Neutrophil and platelet engraftment occurred at a median of 15 (IQR 14–16) and 16 days (IQR 12–23), respectively. No patient experienced primary graft failure. The cumulative incidences of bloodstream bacterial infections, polyomavirus BK hemorrhagic cystitis, HHV6 reactivation, CMV reactivation, and fungal infections were 13.6%, 9.1%, 9.1%, 4.6%, and 6%, respectively. Only one early cardiac event was observed. These results suggest that PTCY 40 mg/kg/day on a + 3/+4 schedule provides adequate immunosuppression to allow for engraftment and prevent clinically significant GVHD with a low toxicity profile.
Design of anthracyclines with extremely high cytotoxic properties
Authors: Moiseeva Aleksandra A. , Artyushin Oleg I. , Anikina Lada V. , Globa Anastasiya A. , Klemenkova Zinaida S. , Andreev Maxim V. , Radchenko Eugene V. , Palyulin Vladimir A. , Brel Valery K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chemotherapy with anthracycline antibiotics is a common treatment of tumours of various etiologies. Creation of highly effective cytostatics based on daunorubicin is possible by applying the method of reductive amination using polyalkoxybenzaldehydes. The obtained derivatives of anthracycline structure are up to 500 times more potent compared with daunorubicin due to the increased affinity to DNA, which is confirmed by the data of extensive biological assays and the results of molecular modeling.
A Comparative Study of the E-Learning Usage of Postgraduate Students
Authors: Kumar Pradeep 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This research paper undertakes a comprehensive study to explore the usage of e-learning among postgraduate students, with a particular focus on comparing their experiences across various universities and academic programs in India. The primary objective was to assess the effectiveness and perception of e-learning platforms and to identify any prevalent challenges and satisfaction levels among those in this demographic group. The study employed a structured questionnaire distributed to 500 postgraduate students from different universities with a stratified random sampling technique ensuring a representative mix of participants. The data collection included both online surveys and in-person questionnaires, focusing on aspects such as e-learning usage, challenges, content quality, assessment, and support systems. Key findings revealed a generally positive attitude toward e-learning, with most students acknowledging its effectiveness in enhancing their educational experience. However, variations in satisfaction levels indicate the need for tailored e-learning strategies that cater to diverse student needs. Gender-based analysis highlighted specific challenges faced by female students, particularly in terms of interaction and self-discipline. Furthermore, comparative analysis across universities revealed slight differences in e-learning satisfaction, suggesting the influence of institutional factors. This study fills a significant gap in the existing literature by providing a comparative analysis of e-learning usage among postgraduate students across various educational settings. The findings have broad implications, emphasizing the need for adaptable and inclusive e-learning strategies. Educational institutions can leverage these insights to enhance the effectiveness and inclusivity of their e-learning offerings, ensuring that they align with the diverse needs of postgraduate students.
From Blueprint to Flight: Guiding Your First Generative AI Project - Revolutionizing Service Desk Operations
Authors: Sharma Ashish 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to investigate the strategic incorporation of Generative AI into service desk operations from initiation to execution, and its impact on productivity, customer satisfaction, and efficiency. This study used a phenomenological approach to capture the experiences of employees and uncover insights into the transformative capabilities of GAI within organizational frameworks. The findings revealed the successful integration of GAI, which enhanced the service desk operations. This study identified key steps from market study insights into user-centric adoption that contributed to overall success. Despite acknowledging these limitations, this study provides practical implications for organizations seeking strategic GAI integration. The outlined steps, derived from real-world experience, provide a practical roadmap for organizations to improve their service desk operations and achieve their strategic objectives. The value of this research extends to organizations that consider or adopt Generative AI within their service desk operations.
Preparation and characterization of lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles loaded with astaxanthin-rich oil from shrimp waste
Authors: Kalaei Fatemeh Mirzaee , Hosseini Seyed Fakhreddin , Rezaei Masoud , Yamini Yadollah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The present work examined the potential use of lyotropic liquid crystalline systems (hexosomes, HEXs) prepared from a binary lipid mixture of Dimodan U/citrem for delivering shrimp-extracted astaxanthin (ASX)-rich oil. The produced ASX-rich oil-loaded HEXs had highly negative ζ-potentials (in the range of -27.1–34.3 mV) with a size range from 154.4-321.3 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images revealed the coexistence of hexagonal and irregular polyangular structures. ASX-rich oil entrapment efficiency, depending on the oil concentration (0.25-1wt%), was in the range of 85.1–93.9%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results revealed a less-ordered crystalline state resulting in a high loading capacity. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed the hydrogen bond formation between ASX-rich oil molecules and the components of the binary lipids. DPPH radical scavenging assay also confirmed the potency of such nanoparticles in preserving the bioactivity of the loaded molecule. Taking into account the obtained results, the produced HEXs are attractive for the delivery of hydrophobic bioactives such as ASX for food and nutraceutical applications.
Correlation of Transrectal Ultrasonography Guided Prostate Biopsy Gleason Score Results with Prostate Volume in Patients with Prostate Specific Antigen Level Between 2.5-10 ng/ml.
Authors: Bostancı Coşkun , Erdem Kazım 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the correlation between prostate volume and Gleason score results obtained by systematic transrectal prostate biopsy in patients with a prostate-specific antigen value between 2,5–10 ng/ml.
Methods
904 patients who underwent transrectal prostate biopsy at our institution were divided into four groups based on prostate volume calculated by transrectal ultrasonography. Group 1 had a prostate volume ≤ 35 cc, Group 2 had a prostate volume ranging from 36-55cc, Group 3 had a prostate volume between 56-75cc, and Group 4 had a prostate volume > 75cc. Subgroups were based on biopsy-proven prostate carcinoma patients within each group in the same prostate volume intervals, and the prostate cancer detection rates and Gleason scores were calculated for each group and subgroup.
Results
The prostate cancer detection rate was 78.5% in Group 1 and decreased to 17.2% in Group 4. Gleason score ≥ 8 also decreased from 16.4% in Group 1 to 2.5% in Group 4. However, there was no statistically significant difference between Gleason score ≥ 8 in subgroups, with the results of 20,9% in Group 1a and 15% in Group 4a.
Conclusion
Our study results suggest an inverse relationship between prostate volume, and cancer detection rates. Although Gleason score ≤ 6 rates in biopsy-proven prostate carcinoma patients increased, and Gleason score of 7 decreased in larger prostates it was not obvious in patients with Gleason score ≥ 8. Further prospective studies with large volumes of patients are required to confirm our analysis.
Trial registration number and date of registration:
2023/1633 on 07/02/2024 retrospectively registered
RETRACTED: The protective effect of Physalis angulate L. (Solanaceae) and its effect on sperm and Testis of Mice Intoxicated with paracetamol
Authors: Nasir Kawther Mohammed , Musleh Mohammed Hamada , Mosleh Zinah Hashim , Hameed Ashwaq Talib 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
From post-war reconstruction to the 21st century – Ophthalmic pathology in Freiburg 1945- 2015: Review of 39,256 surgical specimens from various topographical regions collected over 71 years at a large German tertiary eye care centre
Authors: Glegola Mateusz , Schulz Tabea , Nüßle Simone , Böhringer Daniel , Stifter Julia , Englbrecht Thomas , Reinhard Thomas , Haedrich Johannes , Auw-Haedrich Claudia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Ophthalmic pathology at the Eye Center at Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany, looks back on a tradition of more than 150 years. Surgical specimens and associated histological diagnoses have been archived since 1945. This study is the first of its size to include 39,256 specimens examined in a single ophthalmic pathology laboratory over 71 years.
Methods
We retrospectively studied ophthalmic pathology reports and clinical records of histological specimens archived between 1945 and 2015 and compared our results with 22 studies from the literature. Samples were grouped by localisation and histopathological diagnoses assigned to various categories. Both were coded and entered into a database together with the year of surgery, patient sex and age at excision.
Results
The patients’ age at surgery was documented in 38,845 cases (99%), of which 19,601 were female (50.5%) and 19,244 were male patients (49.5%). The bimodal frequency distribution of specimens by patient age has a similar shape to that recorded 1941–1995 for Atlanta, USA and 1959–2021 for the Swedish population. Most specimens originated from the eyelid (50%), followed by cornea (16%), conjunctiva (14%), eyeball (9.1%), temporal artery (3.9%) and other locations (6.7%) comprising 16 less frequent topographies. The proportion of eyelid (corneal, conjunctival) lesions significantly increased 4-fold (5-fold, 2-fold) during our study period (each p < .001); that of enucleations and temporal artery biopsies decreased significantly 38- and 3.6-fold (each p < .001). Concurrently, the numbers of eyelid, corneal, conjunctival and temporal artery specimens have significantly grown (each p < .001). Annual sample numbers increased significantly across the various medical directors’ tenures (1945–1967: median = 78; 1968–1987: median = 454; 1988–2002: median = 670; 2003–2015: median = 1,445) (p < .001).
Conclusions
Historical events, general population developments and new surgical techniques and treatment options caused changes in the occurrence of various ocular and periocular specimens. Our study data contribute to providing an overall picture of the nature and relative frequency of ocular conditions leading to surgical excision of specimens with subsequent histopathological examination. A continuous sharp increase in case numbers since 1987 clearly exceeds the demographic trend emphasising the ever-growing importance of the sub-speciality of ophthalmic pathology.
Depth Of Invasion and Level IV Metastases in Clinically N0 Tongue Cancer Running Title : Level IV Metastases in Tongue Cancer
Authors: Yüce Imdat , Çapar Aslıhan Oflaz , Çetinaslan Veli , Deniz Kemal , Vural Alperen , Çağlı Sedat , Dogan Serap , Gündoğ Mete 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background: This study investigates the relationship between the depth of invasion and level IV nodal metastasis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. The depth of the level IV metastasis and the invasion relationship was not evaluated.
Methods: We retrospectively investigated clinically N0 patients who underwent glossectomy and level I-IV neck dissections. We examined lymph node metastases, risk factors, and the relationship between depth of invasion and metastasis.
Results: Our study included 58 patients. Tumor size, depth of invasion, differentiation, and perineural invasion were statistically significant for Level IV metastasis. The critical size for level IV metastasis was found to be 2.5 cm, with a cut-off value of the depth of invasion being 8 mm for both neck and level IV metastases.
Conclusion: Based on our findings, we recommend that level IV dissection should be considered for poorly differentiated tumors, tumors greater than 2.5 cm in size, and deeper than 0.8 mm.
The incidence of dysphagia in acute stroke patients, a study on influential factors and 3-OZ Water Test
Authors: Ghoreishi Abdoreza , Artishedar Sara , Hadiloo Kaveh , MalekMahmoudi Gazal , Alvwandi Farzaneh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Dysphasia is known as one of the common issues among patients experiencing an acute stroke. A stroke can bring about disorders in various organs such as the mouth, tongue, palate, pharynx, larynx, and upper esophagus, as well as bearing consequences due to dysfunction of those organs. One of the affected vital functions is swallowing, which will result in aspiration, Choking, Pulmonary infection, and even death. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of Dysphagia (swallowing disorder) and its related factors to identify the disorder and its complications.
Methods
In this Perspective study, 100 stroke patients were included. Swallowing disorder, type of stroke, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale on arrival and time of discharge, gag reflex, and the 3 O.Z. Water Test results were studied, and data were analyzed using SPSS 24 software.
Results
The incidence of this disorder among these 100 patients is 45%, a significant percentage. Dysphagia in types of strokes was 100% in intracerebral hemorrhage and 39.6% in Ischemic (p-value < 0.001). As the severity of the stroke increases, the rate of dysphagia increases (minor stroke: 0%, moderate stroke: 29%, moderate to severe: 94%, severe:100%, p-value < 0.001). In 85.9% of the patients with normal GAG reflex, Dysphagia was incident, and 100% of those who aspirated in the 3OZ Water Test had Dysphagia.
Conclusion
Due to the high occurrence of swallowing disorders among stroke patients, immediate assessment and effective treatment of Dysphagia after any stroke can improve the quality of medical intervention and rehabilitation in the very first hours. Moreover, the steps above also decrease the rate of mortality owing to aspiration problems, prevent Pulmonary infection, shorten the hospitalization duration, and reduce hospital (treatment) costs.