bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and corrosion resistance of polyaniline and waterborne polyurethane composite coating film
Authors: Yu Huan , Xu Zhenhua , Fang Tao , Zhang Man , Xu Yan , Liu Jiesheng , Tan Xiaoming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) particles were synthesized using aniline (AN), dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA), and ammonium persulfate (APS). The particles were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A PANI/waterborne polyurethane composite material (PANI‐WPU) was obtained by combining it with polyethylene glycol (PEG600), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), N‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), and dibutyltin lauric acid (DBTDL). The structure was characterized by the FTIR spectrum. The mechanical characteristics of the coating film were evaluated with respect to the PANI content, as well as its water absorption, glossiness, electrochemical corrosion resistance, and acid and alkali resistance. The PANI/waterborne polyurethane film has a maximum tensile strength of 23  MPa, an elongation of 1012%, a pencil hardness of 5H, a flexibility of 2 mm, an impact resistance of 50 cm, the water absorption of 14.66%, and the glossiness of 99.9 at 60°. When the PANI content is 0.7%, the mechanical characteristics, glossiness, and anti‐corrosion performance of the composite film improve. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of the aqueous polyurethane coating film with PANI can reach 99.74%, as shown by the examination of electrochemical polarization curves and impedance spectra. The tinplate is coated with a 0.7% PANI‐WPU composite material and edge sealing. This coating provides excellent protection against acid and alkali resistance, as demonstrated by its ability to withstand immersion in 10% H2SO4 and 10% NaOH solution for 90 days without any paint peeling off.
A study on theoretical predictive model and experimental findings of melt‐electrospinning process
Authors: Wubneh Abiy , Kim Chun‐Il , Ayranci Cagri 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe current study extends a previous work published by the authors in which an analytical predictive model is proposed to simulate the melt‐electrospinning process. The analytical model is specifically designed to predict the various behaviors of the melt‐electrospun fiber under different material and processing conditions. A brief discussion of this model is presented here to establish context and help the reader capture the modeling philosophy employed. The current study complements the previous work by focusing on the experimental aspects of the research. Correlations between the independent process parameters and the topological attributes of the melt‐electrospun fibers are investigated and compared with findings from the theoretical model. The effects of changes in the process parameters on average fiber diameters and the collection diameter are experimentally analyzed using the design of experiments (DOE) techniques. Toward this end, polylactic acid (PLA) is melt‐electrospun at different treatment levels of the processing parameters in a controlled environment. Two regression‐based models—one for predicting the collection diameter and the other for the fiber diameter—are derived from the DOE data for benchmarking and quantitative evaluation of the predictive performance of the theoretical model. The theoretical model is run based on the same treatment levels as the experiment. The elastic parameter values used in the theoretical simulation are extracted from rheological tests. Comparison between the simulated and the observed fiber characteristics revealed that the collector diameter predictions by the theoretical model exhibited approximately a 16.7% difference compared to 24.2% for the average fiber diameter. Finally, a discussion is presented on the challenges and potential factors contributing to the observed differences. Overall, given the identified challenges and gaps in material characterization, the results of the theoretical predictive model are encouraging.
Effect of hybrid filler loading (Polyalthia longifolia seed and graphite) on the mechanical and thermal properties of vinyl ester composites
Authors: Manikandan Durairaj , Sathish Gandhi Veeramalai Chinnasamy , Kumaravelan Radhakrishnan , Vignesh Venkataraman 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research paper focuses on the use of solid biomass waste, specifically a combination of Polyalthia longifolia seed (PLSF) and graphite (GH) powder, as reinforcements in vinyl ester (VE) composites. The composites were produced via the hand layup method, with the filler concentration varying from 0 to 15 wt% of PLSF and 0–9 wt% of graphite. The objective was to examine the influence of the hybrid filler on the mechanical characteristics of the composites. The mechanical properties of composites prepared from P. longifolia seeds and graphite powder were experimentally characterized. These properties included tensile strength, flexural strength, impact resistance, and hardness. The hybrid composite had a maximum tensile strength of 48.4 MPa, and its tensile modulus was 1.66 GPa. The hybrid filler at 15% wt% of PLSF and 6% of graphite has the highest flexural strength, which is around 148 MPa. The ultimate impact strength and hardness were measured to be 41.3 kJ/m2 and 44.5, respectively, after the addition of 15 and 6 wt% of hybrid filler. In comparison to neat vinyl ester resin, the PLSF/GH‐VE composites exhibited an increase in tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness of 2.69, 1.82, 3.03, and 1.59 times, respectively. Hybrid composite surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopes to determine surface characteristics and fractured surfaces. In addition, the PLSF/GH‐VE composites have been utilized in the production of components for four‐wheelers.Highlights
Investigated the impact of hybrid filler‐reinforced vinyl ester composites.
Mechanical and thermal properties were experimentally characterized.
Surface characteristics and fractured surfaces were examined.
PLSF/GH‐VE composites are used in producing components for four‐wheelers.
Evidence for molecular tungsten ionic species presence in impurity‐seeded hydrogen plasma in contact with W surfaces
Authors: Stoica Silviu Daniel , Craciun Cristina , Acsente Tomy , Mitu Bogdana , Dinescu Gheorghe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe performed an investigation of tungsten ionic species presence in hydrogen plasmas in contact with a tungsten surface, both in the presence of air impurities and when injected with argon. The study was carried out in a magnetron sputtering system complemented with mass spectrometry diagnostics. Our findings reveal that these plasmas encompass a diverse range of tungsten molecular ionic species in the mass range of 180–250 amu, broadly described as WHxNyOz+ (x = 0–3; y = 0–2; z = 0–3). The validity of these results was further confirmed through dedicated mass spectrometry investigations involving tungsten sputtering discharges in argon–nitrogen and argon–oxygen mixtures.
Hygroscopicity of nitrocellulose with different nitrogen content
Authors: Cao Xiang , Nan Fengqiang , Zheng Yiying , Chen Ling , He Weidong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractResearch on the hygroscopic behavior of NC is essential because it affects the mechanical properties, combustion properties, and safe storage of NC‐based products. In this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to characterize the chemical structure, crystal structure, and microscopic morphology of NC, respectively. The moisture adsorption isotherms of NC fibers with different nitrogen content are determined by dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) and fitted with Hailwood‐Horrobin (H−H) and Guggenheim‐Anderson‐de Boer (GAB) models. The specific surface area and surface energy of NC are also measured by inverse gas chromatography (IGC). The results show that as the nitrogen content of NC increases, the intensity of the −OH characteristic absorption peak is weakened, the crystallinity does not change much, the number of cracks and pores on the NC fiber surface increases, and the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of the NC decreases in general. In addition, the fitting results based on the H−H and GAB models show that, under low humidity conditions, the EMC value of NC is determined by the adsorbed water content of the monolayer, which is mainly related to the −OH content in NC. However, with the increase of humidity, the EMC value of NC is gradually determined by the multilayer adsorbed water content, which is influenced by both the nitrogen content and the fiber cleavage structure. Meanwhile, the IGC results show that the surface energy of the NC consists mainly of the dispersive surface energy (values >46 mJ m−2), with the specific surface energy contributing approximately 25 mJ m−2. The total surface energy of NC and the bonding strength between NC molecules and water molecules decrease with increasing nitrogen content.
Silencing of catalase reduces unfavorable low‐temperature tolerance capacity in whiteflies
Authors: Ning Jie , Liang Peng , Wu Xiaojie , Wang Wenlu , Wu Qingjun , Wang Shaoli , Yang Xin , Zhang Youjun , Xie Wen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDTemperature is a primary factor that determines the eco‐geographical distribution and population development of invasive insects. Temperature stress leads to various negative effects, including excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), and catalase (CAT) is a key enzyme against ROS in the antioxidant pathway. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED is a typical invasive pest that causes damage worldwide. Our previous studies have shown that CAT promotes whitefly adaptation to high temperature by eliminating ROS. However, the mechanism underlying the low‐temperature adaptation of whiteflies is still unknown.RESULTSIn this study, we investigated the role of CAT in the low‐temperature tolerance of B. tabaci MED by analyzing its survival rate, reproduction, and ROS levels at 25 °C (as a control, suitable temperature), 20 °C (moderately decreased temperature), and 4 °C (severely decreased temperature). Silencing of BtCAT1, BtCAT2, or BtCAT3 reduced the viability of whiteflies under a short‐term severely decreased temperature (4 °C), which manifested as decreases in survival and fecundity accompanied by significant increases in ROS levels. Moreover, even at a moderately decreased temperature (20 °C), silencing of BtCAT1 led to high ROS levels and low survival rates in adults.CONCLUSIONSilencing of BtCATs significantly increased the sensitivity of B. tabaci MED to low temperatures. BtCAT1 is likely more essential than other BtCATs for low‐temperature tolerance in whiteflies. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The gainers and losers from the United Kingdom's university‐related migration: A subregional analysis of Graduate Outcomes Survey data
Authors: Champion Tony , Green Anne , Kollydas Konstantinos 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAgainst the background of the rise in higher‐education participation rates, this paper examines the spatial redistribution of undergraduates across the United Kingdom resulting from moves to and from university. Drawing on the Graduate Outcomes Surveys of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, address data coded to 53 subregions (SRs) are used to track those enrolled on degree courses by age 20 from domicile to university and workplace 15 months after graduation. The paper begins by examining how university‐ward migration serves to concentrate this group geographically and the way in which subsequent job‐related moves tend to reinforce this process. Each person is then classified on the basis of their migration trajectories between domicile and workplace, enabling a set of migration accounts to be produced for each SR. Applying cluster analysis to these accounts, a six‐way grouping of SRs is used to gauge change between their domicile and workplace populations in both overall numbers and qualitative characteristics, the latter being measured in terms of educational qualifications preuniversity and occupational status 15 months after graduation. These analyses demonstrate how the different types of SRs fare in these exchanges of students/graduates, with more subregions suffering the ‘double whammy’ of losing out in both quantitative and qualitative terms than gaining from this process, with challenging implications for central government's current ‘levelling‐up’ agenda.
A robust Corrádi–Hajnal theorem
Authors: Allen Peter , Böttcher Julia , Corsten Jan , Davies Ewan , Jenssen Matthew , Morris Patrick , Roberts Barnaby , Skokan Jozef 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor a graph and , we denote by the random sparsification of obtained by keeping each edge of independently, with probability . We show that there exists a such that if and is an ‐vertex graph with and , then with high probability contains a triangle factor. Both the minimum degree condition and the probability condition, up to the choice of , are tight. Our result can be viewed as a common strengthening of the seminal theorems of Corrádi and Hajnal, which deals with the extremal minimum degree condition for containing triangle factors (corresponding to in our result), and Johansson, Kahn and Vu, which deals with the threshold for the appearance of a triangle factor in (corresponding to in our result). It also implies a lower bound on the number of triangle factors in graphs with minimum degree at least which gets close to the truth.
Including the social responsibility of universities and sustainable development goals in the strategic plans of universities in Europe
Authors: Pactwa Katarzyna , Woźniak Justyna , Jach Katarzyna , Brdulak Anna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSocial responsibility of higher education institutions (HEIs) and 2030 Agenda represent a new tool for improving the management of HEIs. This article aims to conduct an in‐depth study on the diagnosis of the integration of social responsibility guidelines (SR) and sustainable development goals (SDGs) into the strategic plans of Polish and European HEIs. The work shows connections and similarities between the UN Sustainable Development Goals, United Nation Global Compact Principles and the Polish declaration of social responsibility of universities and the forming on this basis the HEI's strategic documents. The methodology of the study was based on the content of open information published on the university's website and research questions addressed to two groups. First was Polish HEIs (N = 83) that have signed the Polish declaration of social responsibility by 2019, the other was European HEIs belonging to the United Nation Global Compact (N = 141). The results indicate that in the current strategic plans of Polish HEIs the process of integrating university social responsibility (USR) into strategic plans is visible at 61.6%, and 43.8% of strategic plans refer to SDGs, unlike for the foreign universities 37.2% and 62.8%.
Ti3C2/Ni/Sm‐Based Screen‐Printed‐Electrode for the ECL Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide as a Milk Preservative
Authors: Arshian Shayesteh , Firoozbakhtian Ali , Salehnia Foad , Naghavi Sheikholeslami Mahsa , Hamidipanah Yalda , Gilnezhad Javad , Reza Ganjali Mohammad , Hosseini Morteza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHydrogen peroxide is a widely used agent in the food industry for its sterilization, packaging, and transportation capabilities. However, its excessive concentration can lead to adverse health effects, especially in gastrointestinal conditions. As a result, it is crucial to detect its presence in food products, particularly milk. To address this need, we have developed a state‐of‐the‐art MXene‐based ECL system that can detect low‐concentration hydrogen peroxide levels with high sensitivity and accuracy. Our system incorporates 2D MXene structures, which not only enhance electrode conductivity but also form a complex with Ni/Sm‐LDH (layered double hydroxide) that enables detection across a broad linear range of 0.05–2 ppm in real samples. Furthermore, we have successfully lowered the detection limit to an impressive 0.005 ppm. With this innovative approach, we can ensure the safety and quality of food products, making it a significant breakthrough in the food industry.
High Electrical Conductivity and Hole Transport in an Insightfully Engineered Columnar Liquid Crystal for Solution‐Processable Nanoelectronics
Authors: De Ritobrata , Maity Madhusudan , Joseph Alvin , Gupta Santosh Prasad , Nailwal Yogendra , Namboothiry Manoj A. G. , Pal Santanu Kumar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDiscotic liquid crystals (DLCs) are widely acknowledged as a class of organic semiconductors that can harmonize charge carrier mobility and device processability through supramolecular self‐assembly. In spite of circumventing such a major challenge in fabricating low‐cost charge transport layers, DLC‐based hole transport layers (HTLs) have remained elusive in modern organo‐electronics. In this work, a minimalistic design strategy is envisioned to effectuate a cyanovinylene‐integrated pyrene‐based discotic liquid crystal (PY‐DLC) with a room‐temperature columnar hexagonal mesophase and narrow bandgap for efficient semiconducting behavior. Adequately combined photophysical, electrochemical, and theoretical studies investigate the structure‐property relations, logically correlating them with efficient hole transport. With a low reorganization energy of 0.2 eV, PY‐DLC exhibits superior charge extraction ability from the contact electrodes at low values of applied voltage, achieving an electrical conductivity of 3.22 × 10−4 S m−1, the highest reported value for any pristine DLC film in a vertical charge transport device. The columnar self‐assembly, in conjunction with solution‐processable self‐healed films, results in commendably elevated values of hole mobility (≈10−3 cm2 V‐1s−1). This study provides an unprecedented constructive outlook toward the development of DLC semiconductors as practical HTLs in organic electronics.
Recent Advances on Stretchable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Wang Zhao , Zhu Jian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe rapid development of wearable electronics has stimulated the pursuit of advanced stretchable power sources. As a promising candidate, stretchable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs), have attracted unprecedented attention owing to their intrinsic safety, low cost, environmental benignity, and high performance, and can be endowed with additional functionalities to broaden the applications of wearable electronics. Here, a comprehensive review on the latest advances of stretchable AZIBs is presented. The materials and methods for stretchable components in AZIBs are first summarized, covering current collectors, electrodes, electrolytes/separators, and encapsulating layers. Subsequently, the benefits of the coplanar, fiber‐shaped, and sandwiched configurations for stretchable AZIBs are analyzed. Moreover, the additional features integrated into stretchable AZIBs are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and prospects of stretchable AZIBs for wearable applications in the future are proposed.
Light and Heat‐Driven Flexible Solid Supramolecular Polymer Displaying Phosphorescence and Reversible Photochromism
Authors: Xu Wen‐Wen , Chen Yong , Xu Xiufang , Liu Yu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHerein, a type of light‐ and heat‐driven flexible supramolecular polymer with reversibly long‐lived phosphorescence and photochromism is constructed from acrylamide copolymers with 4‐phenylpyridinium derivatives containing a cyano group (P‐CN, P‐oM, P‐mM), sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin (SBCD), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Compared to their parent solid polymers, these flexible supramolecules based on the non‐covalent cross‐linking of copolymers, SBCD, and PVA efficiently boost the phosphorescence lifetimes (723.0 ms for P‐CN, 623.0 ms for P‐oM, 945.8 ms for P‐mM) through electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonds. The phosphorescence intensity/lifetime, showing excellent responsiveness to light and heat, sharply decreased after irradiation with a 275 nm flashlight or sunlight and gradually recovered through heating. This is accompanied by the occurrence and fading of visible photochromism, manifesting as dark green for P‐CN and pink for P‐oM and P‐mM. These reversible photochromism and phosphorescence behaviors are mainly attributed to the generation and disappearance of organic radicals in the 4‐phenylpyridinium derivatives with a cyano group, which can guide tunable luminescence and photochromism.
Deterministic Formation and Growth of Dendritic Crystals of Attractive Colloids
Authors: Park Sanghyuk , Hwang Hyerim , Kim Shin‐Hyun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDendrites are ubiquitous crystals produced in supersaturated solutions and supercooled melts, but considerably less is known about their formation and growth kinetics. Here, the key factors are explored that dictate dendrite formation and growth, utilizing experimental colloidal models in which the particles act as molecules with Mie potential. Depletion attraction is employed to colloids and manipulate their strength to control supersaturation. Dendrites are predominantly produced under conditions of low supersaturation, where the separation between crystals is large due to slow nucleation. The dendrites do not emerge directly from nuclei. Instead, isotropic grains, initially produced from nuclei, morph into polygons. Arms then sprout from the vertices of these polygons, eventually giving rise to dendrites. Triggering this polygon‐to‐dendrite transformation requires a high diffusional flux. This necessitates a prolonged diffusion time to maintain a steep concentration gradient in the surrounding environment even after the transformation from circular grains to polygons.
Stochastic analysis of plant available water estimates and soil water balance components simulated by a hydrological model
Authors: de Jong van Lier Quirijn , de Melo Marina Luciana Abreu , Pinheiro Everton Alves Rodrigues 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe uncertainty in soil hydraulic parameters is often not taken into account in process‐based hydrological modeling. Performing runs with 104stochastic parameter realizations, we evaluated the propagation of uncertainty in the Van Genuchten–Mualem (VGM) parameters into estimates of the threshold values of soil water content used to calculate the total and readily available water, and on the long‐term (30 years) simulations of evaporation, transpiration, bottom flux, and runoff by the SWAP hydrological model. The simulated scenarios included weather data from a location in southeast Brazil and seven soils from the same region cropped with maize, comprising a wide range of texture classes. The results showed that uncertainties in VGM parameters affect the estimates of total and readily available water. Water balance components obtained by a deterministic simulation with average VGM parameters did not always agree with the average or median of stochastic simulations, and stochastic simulations including parameter uncertainties should be preferred. Variations in yearly rainfall characteristics were more important for bottom flux and evaporation, while transpiration and runoff were more strongly influenced by the variations in soil hydraulic properties.