bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difficult Decisions and Post-phronetic Pain
Authors: Kristjánsson Kristján , Fowers Blaine J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Phronesis oversees and adjudicates moral decisions in dilemmatic situations. But what happens after a phronetic decision has been made? The aim of this chapter is to refute the standard assumption that a fully phronetic decision is characterized by psychological unity and freedom from ambivalent emotions, without eliciting any post-phronetic pain (PPP). The second section shows that the absence of nonoptimal emotions after a phronetic decision creates a mystery for Aristotelian virtue theory. The third section examines three different, but unsuccessful attempts to save Aristotle’s face, by defanging the non-PPP assumption from within his virtue theory. The fourth section delineates the nature of the PPP (when it occurs) by arguing that it comprises a number of distinguishable emotions of moral sadness. The final section probes a number of resources within neo-Aristotelian theory that would allow us to reconceptualize PPP as beneficial to a certain extent, without fetishizing it as a pure blessing in disguise.
Concluding Remarks
Authors: Kristjánsson Kristján , Fowers Blaine J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter offers some concluding and complementary reflections on the various hypotheses and suggestions made in this book. Special attention is paid to evaluating the incremental value of the neo-Aristotelian model proposed, from the perspective of Psychology, Philosophy, and Education, and to the role of phronesis in ‘the good life’. Additional reflections are offered about the very possibility of measuring phronesis. Final observations will also be made about the fruitfulness of the radically cross-disciplinary approach adopted in this work, and what lessons can be learned for further work on moral, intellectual, and civic virtues. Comparisons will be made with recent efforts at charting the terrain of virtue research, for instance by Fowers et al. in ‘Perspectives on Psychological Science’ (2021) and Wright et al. in Understanding Virtue (2021). The concluding section will address the question of where phronesis research should ideally head next.
Footprints of the ‘Outliers’
Authors: Ahmed Syed Jamil 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on colonial eastern Bengal, which in rough approximation is equivalent to modern Bangladesh, to ask who the female performers were in traditional and modern theatrical productions during the colonial period extending from 1757 to 1947. For the purpose of the chapter, ‘footprints’ denote traces of historical evidence, and ‘outliers’ stand for persons situated away or detached from the main body or system. The chapter draws on secondary archival sources, that is, previous research, historical documents, and publications. It proceeds in two parts: the first examines traditional female performers in general and the bāījīs and the khemṭāwālīs in particular, and the second, the ‘modern’ female performers in general and the beśyā-abhinetrīs (‘sex-worker’-actresses) in particular. The chapter ends by arguing that although the female performers were thoroughly entangled in patriarchal mechanisms, they succeeded in exercising their agency by combining their struggle for material needs with an ideological struggle against patriarchal values, through the deployment of cunning and beguiling subterfuges.
Labour, Infrastructure, Division of Labour, and the Position of the New Generation Women Performers in Kolkata
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Arijita 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter attempts to gauge professional theatre groups as institutionalized ‘collectives’ and explores the position of women workers. Through interviews of women theatre workers from different social, economic, political, and even religious backgrounds, the chapter tries to understand the gendered identities of theatre groups of contemporary Kolkata and attempts to comprehend if and how the feminine identity plays a role in deciding the nature of work and wages due to women theatre performers. The chapter further unravels different journeys of women theatre workers with a family legacy as well as those who do not come from such a privileged background.
Non-Canonical Questions
Authors: Trotzke Andreas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book is the first to present a comprehensive theory of non-canonical questions. By ‘non-canonical’ questions, the book refers to question types that do not (only) request information from the addressee, but rather (additionally) tell us something about the speaker’s epistemic and/or emotional state (e.g., so-called can’t-find-the-value questions, echo questions, rhetorical questions, surprise questions). The present monograph makes a distinctly new contribution to the field. While there has been a lot of recent research on the formal semantics and the phonetics and phonology of both canonical and non-canonical questions, our knowledge about non-canonical questions in the syntax–pragmatics literature still lacks a comprehensive account that brings together various observations and accounts that have been discussed since the beginning of the twenty-first century. The standard view in the syntax–pragmatics literature is that most special interpretations of non-canonical questions involve syntactic projections at or even above the level of illocutionary force. This monograph argues that this approach is a mistake, and proposes instead a new theory of non-canonical questions where both their special pragmatics and their syntax, as well as in many cases their emotive component, can be derived solely from propositional-level operators that do not affect the illocutionary level of utterances and can be found across illocutionary forces. This account simplifies the syntactic analysis of non-canonical questions quite dramatically, and it is also able to capture some unnoticed data in the discourse behavior of those question types.
Technosymbiosis
Authors: Hayles N. Katherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this essay, Hayles aims to create a better metaphor with which to describe the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and its environment. This is of utmost importance to the feminist agenda. As Donna Haraway has argued, we do not ‘resort’ to metaphor but engage in wor(l)ding practices through our re-figuring of key concepts. Hayles argues that the metaphor of ‘technosymbiosis’ is appropriate for this task, because it connects the existence of increasingly powerful computational media to environmental crises while combating anthropocentrist perspectives on agency and intelligence. She uses the concept to argue that meaning-making is not only a human activity, because machines also create and convey meaning in computational processes with or without a human ‘in the loop’.
Making Kin with the Machines
Authors: Lewis Jason Edward , Arista Noelani , Pechawis Archer , Kite Suzanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this essay, the authors argue that heterogeneous Indigenous perspectives are the best way of approaching Artificial Intelligence’s (AI’s) ‘circle of relationships’ between human and non-human actors. Where AI design is often ‘human-centred’, this essay radically refuses the idea of a separate human species whose priorities trump that of its environment. Instead, it emphasises reciprocal and respectful interspecies relationships. In doing so, it holds feminism to its pledge to contest extractive capitalist logic by reframing AI as ʻĀIna’, or as land but not territory. The essay contests the industry’s emphasis on unfettered growth and scalability by urging for ‘good growth’ based on the knowledges and governing practices of Kānaka Maoli, Cree, and Lakota people.
AI in a Different Voice
Authors: Taillandier Apolline 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Taillandier documents the creation of the programming language ‘Logo’, developed in the 1960s as an alternative way of teaching concepts in mathematics through computer science. She shows how, when designing Logo, programmers turned to feminist knowledge to rethink crucial aspects of artificial intelligence (AI). They redefined the desirable features of computer culture and the ideal profile of the computer scientist; they overcame divisions between the humanities and the sciences and between sensory and intellectual exploration; and they emphasised that computer languages and coding culture are always political as they are ways of gendering the world. As Taillandier notes, Logo’s limited success was partly attributed to the dominance of a masculinist computer culture. Regardless, Taillandier makes clear the value of remembering these radical developments in computer science, inspiring future ways of recasting the ambitions and significance of AI.
Shuri in the Sea of Dudes
Authors: Cave Stephen , Dihal Kanta , Drage Eleanor , McInerney Kerry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter aims to uncover and challenge the predominant portrayal of the AI engineer as a hypermasculine ‘alpha geek’. Taking as their starting point the aforementioned underrepresentation of women in the AI industry, they outline why cultural representations of AI scientists matter, before explaining the findings of their large quantitative study of a corpus of 142 influential films (1920–2020) containing AI. They discuss the key tropes that emerged from these films, before focusing on four key themes that are distinctly gendered and may contribute to the underrepresentation of women in the AI industry: first, the AI scientist as a ‘genius’; second, the AI scientist’s ability to gain mastery over life and death through the pursuit of ‘mind uploading’ and other forms of technological immortality; third, the association of AI with hypermasculine milieus, such as the military; and finally, the portrayal of female AI scientists as subservient or inferior to male AI scientists.
No Humans in the Loop
Authors: Wilcox Lauren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wilcox’s chapter considers the dominant discourses around so-called ‘killer robots’, focusing specifically on the US military’s policy of the ‘human in the loop’. By insisting that any autonomous weapon must include a human controller in any decision-making process, the US military claims that the potential harmful effects of LAWs can be effectively controlled and mitigated. However, drawing on the Black and decolonial feminist thought of Denise Ferreira da Silva, and Sylvia Wynter, Wilcox demonstrates how the human-in-the-loop policy relies on a particular configuration of the ‘human’ that is always already undergirded by the power relations of gender, coloniality, and race. By framing the human itself as a technology, Wilcox demonstrates how histories of racial violence and colonial control continue to influence who counts as human, and which bodies are considered worthy of protection.
Techno-Racial Capitalism
Authors: Hampton Lelia Marie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hampton uses the Black Marxist feminist political thought of Angela Davis and Claudia Jones as a foundation for their incisive analysis of how the modern technology industry is rooted in the exploitation of people of colour across the globe. Hampton argues that while Western tech companies pillage the most wealth the world has ever seen at the expense of racially oppressed groups, these groups remain largely poor with no access to capital, including the non-consensual data capital they produce. Hampton foregrounds the sociohistorical continuum between historical forms of violence and the contemporary exploitation of the technology industry, offering the term ‘techno-racial capitalism’ to conceptualise how technology reproduces racial capitalist structures. They analyse how the exploitation of racialised people worldwide underpins artificial intelligence (AI) and its multiple technical foundations, from hardware and software to data and AI.
Signs Taken for Wonders
Authors: Michele Elam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Elam argues that overlooked in most current debates over gender and racial bias, surveillance, and privacy in facial recognition technology is the already institutionalised practice of recoding ‘gender’, ‘race’, and ‘ethnicity’ as something written on the face or intelligible on/in the body. She argues that art is playing a crucial role in calling out so-called identification and ‘personalisation’ software, demarcating artificial intelligence’s (AI’s) problems as cultural challenges, not just technical ones. Her analysis of artist Rashad Newsome’s disobedient, Black, queer, vogue-dancing humanoids, Being and Being 2.0, explores art’s ability to historicise the technological practices that create race. AI need not be constituted by its distance from particular disciplines (the humanities) and demographics (Black, female). Art, Elam reminds us, has historically been devalued when progress is defined by new technologies of force and speed. Scientists need some awareness of the importance of artistic practice and the humanities in the development and maintenance of AI, particularly its ability to show how racial categories performatively make data intelligible.
AI that Matters
Authors: Drage Eleanor , Frabetti Federica 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, Drage and Frabetti argue that computer code uses data to not only make statements about the world but also bring that world into existence. Drawing on the concept of performativity, arguably gender studies’ best-known export, they explain why we must view artificial intelligence (AI) as performative to understand how it genders and racialises populations even when it appears to be ‘unbiased’ or correctly functioning. In its reading of neural networks, ‘AI that Matters: A Feminist Approach to the Study of Intelligent Machines’ demonstrates that Facial Detection and Recognition Technologies and Automatic Gender Recognition never objectively identify or recognise a person (or their gender), as they claim to do. Instead, drawing on work by Judith Butler and Karen Barad, they merely comment on and annotate a person’s body in accordance with dominant social rules and perspectives. They present this framing as an intervention into misguided attempts to treat discrimination as an error that can be corrected by a better functioning machine.
Introduction
Authors: Dirst Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Introduction distinguishes the Art of Fugue and Musical Offering from the rest of Bach’s output, clarifies the scope of this study, summarizes the chapters that follow, and recommends additional resources for readers, including editions of the music. Bach’s lifelong fascination with counterpoint and fugue is contextualized with pertinent biographical information from his final decade. The Introduction also previews the book’s central message: that these late collections constitute Bach’s ultimate contributions to a musical subculture devoted to the cultivation of imitative counterpoint as a means of intellectual and tactile recreation. As such, the reputation of these works as “music for musicians” is affirmed.
Contrapuntal Pursuits
Authors: Dirst Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 explains the material components of late Baroque counterpoint and summarizes Bach’s aims, as far as they can be determined, for both the Art of Fugue and Musical Offering. The former discussion begins with the fundamental mechanisms of the eighteenth-century fugal style and continues through the various procedures and genres employed in both works, including multiple kinds of fugue and canon. It also takes note of the variable degrees of aesthetic value conferred on such things by theorists of the time. This chapter’s concluding section discerns Bach’s intentions for these late learned corpora principally through comparison to other collections of his own music.
Origins and Audience
Authors: Dirst Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 recounts the origins and initial reception of both works. Bach’s Musical Offering, as its name suggests, was a gift to an enthusiastic royal admirer. The famous 1747 meeting between J. S. Bach and Frederick the Great of Prussia emerges here as a beneficial moment for all concerned, with Bach inspired to compose an enigmatic compendium for immediate publication. The Art of Fugue, in comparison, came about through a more deliberative process over perhaps a decade or more. Focusing on extant sources, this chapter traces the compositional histories of both collections while noting how the extant manuscripts and original editions gave rise to considerable popular lore about the composer’s final years. The initial audience for this music, as this chapter also relates, comprised a modest though influential demographic of fellow practitioners.
Paying Tribute
Authors: Dirst Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 5 juxtaposes Bach’s idiosyncratic deployment of stylistic conventions in the Art of Fugue and Musical Offering against posterity’s equally imaginative treatment of these works and the compositional aesthetic they exemplify. The chapter’s first half revisits movements that incorporate elements of the noble French and the fashionable galant styles. These pieces illustrate how Bach adapted some of the most redolent musical signifiers of his era to peculiar ends, with significant implications for performance and understanding. The second half surveys posthumous transformations of individual movements and both wholes alongside homages of various kinds, from musical compositions to creative work in other media, while making connections to larger artistic currents and practices.
Introduction
Authors: Zatorre Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the main thesis that will be developed throughout the rest of the book: that musical pleasure arises from interactions between the perceptual/cognitive system and the reward system. Several important concepts are introduced that are necessary to understand what follows. First the issue of comparative neuroscience is discussed, that is, how to incorporate knowledge from other species to understand music. A second important topic is statistical learning, which refers to the ability to build up abstract knowledge representations implicitly via exposure to patterns that contain some regularity. Another critical concept is predictive coding. It is closely related to statistical learning and describes how the nervous system anticipates upcoming events based on past events, and it generates error signals when there is a mismatch. All these ideas will be revisited in subsequent chapters.
Communicating Between Auditory Regions and the Rest of the Brain
Authors: Zatorre Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The auditory ventral stream interconnects areas of auditory cortex anterior and inferior to primary regions with structures in the inferior frontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and medial temporal lobe, among others. This pathway is particularly important for maintaining representations of sound patterns as they unfold in time. It therefore plays a critical role in the maintenance and retrieval of sounds in working memory, which in turn allows for invariant representations of sound categories to emerge. The ventral stream generates mismatch responses when unexpected sound events are encountered and hence plays an important role in predictive coding. Congenital amusia can be traced to a disruption of ventral stream functionality.
Hemispheric Specialization
Authors: Zatorre Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hemispheric asymmetries are often observed in the context of linguistic and musical processes. These specializations can be understood in terms of sensitivity to temporal and spectral sound features, which are critical for the perception of speech sounds and musical pitch patterns, respectively. The hemispheric difference results in efficient coding of these two most important classes of human communicative signals. At the same time, top-down influences can modulate the asymmetries driven by stimulus features resulting in a complex interplay across the two hemispheres. The anatomical asymmetries at both local and global levels, which likely underlie some aspects of functional asymmetries, are also discussed.
Music Recruits the Reward System
Authors: Zatorre Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Positively valenced music results in activation of the reward system and is accompanied by modulation of psychophysiological measures. Enhancement of functional interactions between the reward system and auditory cortical networks is also observed as a function of the value assigned to music by the listener. These interactions are proposed to be central to experiencing pleasure from music by integrating cortical perceptual, mnemonic, and motor systems with affective valuation carried out in the reward structures. People who do not experience pleasure to music show a reduction in the functional coupling and anatomical connectivity between reward and auditory systems. Subjective liking responses to music can be modulated up or down by stimulation of reward pathways, which is accompanied by modulation of functional interactions between auditory and reward systems. Dopamine may play an especially important role in mediating hedonic responses to abstract stimuli such as music compared to biologically determined rewards.
Social Justice
Authors: Gatenio Gabel Shirley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter emphasizes the central role of social justice in social work. It defines social justice as the realization of social rights, which is protected in the International Covenant on Economic Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). New social justice issues arise all the time depending on events around the world, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Even though the pandemic offered opportunities for global solidarity led by science, geopolitical infighting and fragmented action emerged and favored the educated, those with resources, and those with good health. The chapter explores how the difference in health outcomes by race and ethnicity resulted in questions about whether discriminatory practices led to disparate outcomes. It also elaborates on social justice issues surrounding race, ethnicity, gender, and sexuality.
Economic Justice
Authors: Gatenio Gabel Shirley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter covers economic justice, which primarily refers to the realization of economic rights. Economic rights generally cover the notion of workers’ rights, social security, social protection, protection of family, and the rights to an adequate standard of living, health, and education. Social and economic rights are included in national, regional, and global legal systems through laws, regulations, and constitutions. This chapter details the articles of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) that imply its interrelation with economic rights. It also covers the growing economic inequalities that exist today, which often result in the reduction of the political influence of those at the lower end of the income and wealth spectrum.
Varro and the Sabine Language in the De lingua Latina
Authors: de Melo Wolfgang D. C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This essay investigates in detail one particular element of Varro’s cultural background: his understanding of the Italic language he calls “Sabine.” Thus it involves the issue of language contact as a more phenomenon that Roman intellectuals had to address and confront within the multilingual Mediterranean. Despite Varro’s reputation as a proud Sabine, he makes surprisingly few references to the local form of speech. These twenty references, which concentrate on loanwords, do not allow broad conclusions to be drawn about Varro’s view of the relationship between Latin and Sabine. From a modern perspective, he seems to be talking about a dialect of Latin rather than a form of Osco-Umbrian.