bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The PTPN2/PTPN1 inhibitor ABBV-CLS-484 unleashes potent anti-tumour immunity
Authors: Baumgartner Christina K. , Ebrahimi-Nik Hakimeh , Iracheta-Vellve Arvin , Hamel Keith M. , Olander Kira E. , Davis Thomas G. R. , McGuire Kathleen A. , Halvorsen Geoff T. , Avila Omar I. , Patel Chirag H. , Kim Sarah Y. , Kammula Ashwin V. , Muscato Audrey J. , Halliwill Kyle , Geda Prasanthi , Klinge Kelly L. , Xiong Zhaoming , Duggan Ryan , Mu Liang , Yeary Mitchell D. , Patti James C. , Balon Tyler M. , Mathew Rebecca , Backus Carey , Kennedy Domenick E. , Chen Angeline , Longenecker Kenton , Klahn Joseph T. , Hrusch Cara L. , Krishnan Navasona , Hutchins Charles W. , Dunning Jax P. , Bulic Marinka , Tiwari Payal , Colvin Kayla J. , Chuong Cun Lan , Kohnle Ian C. , Rees Matthew G. , Boghossian Andrew , Ronan Melissa , Roth Jennifer A. , Wu Meng-Ju , Suermondt Juliette S. M. T. , Knudsen Nelson H. , Cheruiyot Collins K. , Sen Debattama R. , Griffin Gabriel K. , Golub Todd R. , El-Bardeesy Nabeel , Decker Joshua H. , Yang Yi , Guffroy Magali , Fossey Stacey , Trusk Patricia , Sun Im-Meng , Liu Yue , Qiu Wei , Sun Qi , Paddock Marcia N. , Farney Elliot P. , Matulenko Mark A. , Beauregard Clay , Frost Jennifer M. , Yates Kathleen B. , Kym Philip R. , Manguso Robert T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade is effective for some patients with cancer, but most are refractory to current immunotherapies and new approaches are needed to overcome resistance1,2. The protein tyrosine phosphatases PTPN2 and PTPN1 are central regulators of inflammation, and their genetic deletion in either tumour cells or immune cells promotes anti-tumour immunity3–6. However, phosphatases are challenging drug targets; in particular, the active site has been considered undruggable. Here we present the discovery and characterization of ABBV-CLS-484 (AC484), a first-in-class, orally bioavailable, potent PTPN2 and PTPN1 active-site inhibitor. AC484 treatment in vitro amplifies the response to interferon and promotes the activation and function of several immune cell subsets. In mouse models of cancer resistant to PD-1 blockade, AC484 monotherapy generates potent anti-tumour immunity. We show that AC484 inflames the tumour microenvironment and promotes natural killer cell and CD8+ T cell function by enhancing JAK–STAT signalling and reducing T cell dysfunction. Inhibitors of PTPN2 and PTPN1 offer a promising new strategy for cancer immunotherapy and are currently being evaluated in patients with advanced solid tumours (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04777994). More broadly, our study shows that small-molecule inhibitors of key intracellular immune regulators can achieve efficacy comparable to or exceeding that of antibody-based immune checkpoint blockade in preclinical models. Finally, to our knowledge, AC484 represents the first active-site phosphatase inhibitor to enter clinical evaluation for cancer immunotherapy and may pave the way for additional therapeutics that target this important class of enzymes.
Rock organic carbon oxidation CO2 release offsets silicate weathering sink
Authors: Zondervan Jesse R. , Hilton Robert G. , Dellinger Mathieu , Clubb Fiona J. , Roylands Tobias , Ogrič Mateja 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMountain uplift and erosion have regulated the balance of carbon between Earth’s interior and atmosphere, where prior focus has been placed on the role of silicate mineral weathering in CO2 drawdown and its contribution to the stability of Earth’s climate in a habitable state1–5. However, weathering can also release CO2 as rock organic carbon (OCpetro) is oxidized at the near surface6,7; this important geological CO2 flux has remained poorly constrained3,8. We use the trace element rhenium in combination with a spatial extrapolation model to quantify this flux across global river catchments3,9. We find a CO2 release of $${68}_{-6}^{+18}$$

68

−
6

+
18

megatons of carbon annually from weathering of OCpetro in near-surface rocks, rivalling or even exceeding the CO2 drawdown by silicate weathering at the global scale10. Hotspots of CO2 release are found in mountain ranges with high uplift rates exposing fine-grained sedimentary rock, such as the eastern Himalayas, the Rocky Mountains and the Andes. Our results demonstrate that OCpetro is far from inert and causes weathering in regions to be net sources or sinks of CO2. This raises questions, not yet fully studied, as to how erosion and weathering drive the long-term carbon cycle and contribute to the fine balance of carbon fluxes between the atmosphere, biosphere and lithosphere2,11.
Sialoglycan binding triggers spike opening in a human coronavirus
Authors: Pronker Matti F. , Creutznacher Robert , Drulyte Ieva , Hulswit Ruben J. G. , Li Zeshi , van Kuppeveld Frank J. M. , Snijder Joost , Lang Yifei , Bosch Berend-Jan , Boons Geert-Jan , Frank Martin , de Groot Raoul J. , Hurdiss Daniel L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCoronavirus spike proteins mediate receptor binding and membrane fusion, making them prime targets for neutralizing antibodies. In the cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, spike proteins transition freely between open and closed conformations to balance host cell attachment and immune evasion1–5. Spike opening exposes domain S1B, allowing it to bind to proteinaceous receptors6,7, and is also thought to enable protein refolding during membrane fusion4,5. However, with a single exception, the pre-fusion spike proteins of all other coronaviruses studied so far have been observed exclusively in the closed state. This raises the possibility of regulation, with spike proteins more commonly transitioning to open states in response to specific cues, rather than spontaneously. Here, using cryogenic electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the spike protein of the common cold human coronavirus HKU1 undergoes local and long-range conformational changes after binding a sialoglycan-based primary receptor to domain S1A. This binding triggers the transition of S1B domains to the open state through allosteric interdomain crosstalk. Our findings provide detailed insight into coronavirus attachment, with possibilities of dual receptor usage and priming of entry as a means of immune escape.
Probing corrosion using a simple and versatile in situ multimodal corrosion measurement system
Authors: Niverty Sridhar , Kalsar Rajib , Seffens Robert J. , Guzman Anthony D. , Roosendaal Timothy J. , Strange Lyndi , Joshi Vineet V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this work, we have developed a unique in situ multimodal corrosion system that is capable of acquiring electrochemical data, sample imaging/visualization and hydrogen collection, simultaneously. Each of these modalities yield valuable information pertaining to the ongoing corrosion process. Combining them can yield holistic information on the role of microstructure, processing history, presence of coatings, etc., on the sequence of steps occurring during the corrosion process, and how they correlate with the acquired electrochemical data. Four materials systems, namely AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy, AZ91 magnesium alloy, galvanized DP590 steel, and pure Zn, were investigated under open circuit potential and under potentiodynamic polarization. The multimodal corrosion system was utilized to observe processes such as surface passivation and dissolution, pit and filiform corrosion initiation and propagation, and was correlated with location and magnitude of hydrogen evolution. This approach is shown to yield a truly multimodal understanding of the ongoing corrosion processes.
Vision protection therapy for prevention of neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Luttrull Jeffrey K. , Gray Gerry , Bhavan Sathy V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo access the effect of vision protection therapy on neovascular conversion in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Patient unidentified data aggregated by Vestrum Health, LLC (VH) from over 320 US retina specialists was analyzed to compare the conversion rate from dry to neovascular (wet) AMD in a practice employing VPT (VPT group) compared to those employing standard care alone (SCA group) between January 2017 through July 2023. 500,00 eyes were filtered then matched for neovascular conversion risk factors by propensity scoring and compared in a 10/1 ratio of 7370 SCA and 737 VPT treated eyes. SCA eyes had significantly fewer clinical encounters and shorter follow up than the VPT group. Despite this, the risk of neovascular conversion by PS was significantly lower in the VPT group compared to SCA (HR 5.73, p < 0.0001). Analysis matching the encounter frequency of both groups as a post-randomization variable produced a similar HR (HR 5.98, p < 0.0001). Because 9% of eyes in the VPT group were not treated with VPT due to bilateral early (low-risk) AMD, analysis comparing the SCA group to VPT-treated eyes was done that also showed significantly lower conversion rates in the VPT-treated eyes, with or without encounter frequency matching (HR 5.84, 5.65, p < 0.0001). Visual acuity was consistently better in VPT eyes compared to SCA eyes throughout the study time window. The advantage of VPT over SCA increased with increased SCA encounter frequency and higher conversion risk factors, including age and ICD10 coded dry AMD severity. Neovascular (wet) AMD is the main cause of irreversible visual loss worldwide. Consistent with two prior studies, the current study finds Vision Protection Therapy markedly more effective at both recognizing and preventing neovascular AMD than the current standard of care, benefiting the highest risk dry AMD eyes the most.
A new advance on dimensional-aware scalar, vector and matrix operations in C++
Authors: Stan Eduard George , Ciubotaru Dan Andrei , Renda Michele , Alexa Călin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe review the dimensional check problem of the high-level programming languages, discuss the existing solutions, and come up with a new solution suited for scientific and engineering computations. Then, we introduce , our library designed to make scalar, vector, and matrix operations using units of measurement. Moreover, supports dimensional-aware operations for complex numbers, quaternions, octonions, and sedenions. We provide tables of the relevant functions and operators implemented. Our library was compared with several existing solutions, and the results are shown in the performance section. Finally, we present our future plans for improving the current implementation.
The microbiome of African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) under managed care resembles that of wild marine mammals and birds
Authors: Graciette Ana G. Clavere , Hoopes Lisa A. , Clauss Tonya , Stewart Frank J. , Pratte Zoe A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAnimals under managed care in zoos and aquariums are ideal surrogate study subjects for endangered species that are difficult to obtain in the wild. We compared the fecal and oral microbiomes of healthy, managed African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) to those of other domestic and wild vertebrate hosts to determine how host identity, diet, and environment shape the penguin microbiome. The African penguin oral microbiome was more similar to that of piscivorous marine mammals, suggesting that diet and a marine environment together play a strong role in shaping the oral microbiome. Conversely, the penguin cloaca/fecal microbiome was more similar to that of other birds, suggesting that host phylogeny plays a significant role in shaping the gut microbiome. Although the penguins were born under managed care, they had a gut microbiome more similar to that of wild bird species compared to domesticated (factory-farmed) birds, suggesting that the managed care environment and diet resemble those experienced by wild birds. Finally, the microbiome composition at external body sites was broadly similar to that of the habitat, suggesting sharing of microbes between animals and their environment. Future studies should link these results to microbial functional capacity and host health, which will help inform conservation efforts.
Exposure to secondhand smoke is associated with poor sleep quality among non-smoking university students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Banna Md. Hasan Al , Brazendale Keith , Hamiduzzaman Mohammad , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Abid Mohammad Tazrian , Rifat M. A. , Sultana Mst. Sadia , Tetteh Justice Kanor , Kundu Satyajit , Shekhar Md Shaheenur Rahman , Khaleduzzaman Md , Hassan Md. Nazmul 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is predominant in Bangladesh, the adverse effect of SHS exposure on health-related behaviors, such as sleep quality, have remained an under-investigated area of the country’s public health landscape. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between SHS exposure and poor sleep quality among non-smoking university students in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey was carried out between May and September 2022. SHS exposure (main predictor variable) and other covariates (e.g., age, sex, etc.) were measured using a self-reported questionnaire and sleep quality (outcome variable) was measured via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Multiple logistic regression models investigated the association between SHS exposure and poor sleep quality. The study included 390 students (mean age: 22 years, 53.8% male). Approximately 41.8% of the participants reported SHS exposure, and 50.5% had poor sleep quality. Students exposed to SHS were more likely to have poor sleep quality compared to their counterparts (AOR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.01, 2.58). Subgroup analysis revealed poor sleep quality was 2-times higher among male students exposed to SHS than those male students without SHS exposure (AOR = 2.03; 95% CI 1.05, 3.93). No association was found in female students. Findings from this study warrant increased awareness and public health initiatives on the implications of SHS on health behaviors, such as sleep quality, in non-smoking Bangladeshi university students.
Healthy lifestyle linked to innate immunity and lipoprotein metabolism: a cross-sectional comparison using untargeted proteomics
Authors: Nieman David C. , Sakaguchi Camila A. , Pelleigrini Matteo , Thompson Michael J. , Sumner Susan , Zhang Qibin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study used untargeted proteomics to compare blood proteomic profiles in two groups of adults that differed widely in lifestyle habits. A total of 52 subjects in the lifestyle group (LIFE) (28 males, 24 females) and 52 in the control group (CON) (27 males, 25 females) participated in this cross-sectional study. Age, education level, marital status, and height did not differ significantly between LIFE and CON groups. The LIFE and CON groups differed markedly in body composition, physical activity patterns, dietary intake patterns, disease risk factor prevalence, blood measures of inflammation, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, glucose, and insulin, weight-adjusted leg/back and handgrip strength, and mood states. The proteomics analysis showed strong group differences for 39 of 725 proteins identified in dried blood spot samples. Of these, 18 were downregulated in the LIFE group and collectively indicated a lower innate immune activation signature. A total of 21 proteins were upregulated in the LIFE group and supported greater lipoprotein metabolism and HDL remodeling. Lifestyle-related habits and biomarkers were probed and the variance (> 50%) in proteomic profiles was best explained by group contrasts in indicators of adiposity. This cross-sectional study established that a relatively small number of proteins are associated with good lifestyle habits.
Dimeric polybismuth heteroanion of [Rh@Bi10(RhCO)5]2− constructed using Bi10-bowl and square pyramidal Rh@(Rh-CO)5
Authors: Zang Yipeng , Wang Yueyue , Sang Ruili , Xu Li 
Published: October 2023

The largest polybismuth heteroanion[Rh@Bi10(Rh-CO)5]24−, yielded by the redox reaction of K5Bi4 and Rh2(CO)4Cl2 in en solution of 2,2,2-cryptand. wherein the reduced oligomeric Rh@(Rh-CO)5 unit is covalently and datively bonded to the Bi10-bowl.
GLUT4 dispersal at the plasma membrane of adipocytes: a super-resolved journey
Authors: Geiser Angéline , Foylan Shannan , Tinning Peter W. , Bryant Nia J. , Gould Gwyn W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn adipose tissue, insulin stimulates glucose uptake by mediating the translocation of GLUT4 from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane. In 2010, insulin was revealed to also have a fundamental impact on the spatial distribution of GLUT4 within the plasma membrane, with the existence of two GLUT4 populations at the plasma membrane being defined: (1) as stationary clusters and (2) as diffusible monomers. In this model, in the absence of insulin, plasma membrane-fused GLUT4 are found to behave as clusters. These clusters are thought to arise from exocytic events that retain GLUT4 at their fusion sites; this has been proposed to function as an intermediate hub between GLUT4 exocytosis and re-internalisation. By contrast, insulin stimulation induces the dispersal of GLUT4 clusters into monomers and favours a distinct type of GLUT4-vesicle fusion event, known as fusion-with-release exocytosis. Here, we review how super-resolution microscopy approaches have allowed investigation of the characteristics of plasma membrane-fused GLUT4 and further discuss regulatory step(s) involved in the GLUT4 dispersal machinery, introducing the scaffold protein EFR3 which facilitates localisation of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type IIIα (PI4KIIIα) to the cell surface. We consider how dispersal may be linked to the control of transporter activity, consider whether macro-organisation may be a widely used phenomenon to control proteins within the plasma membrane, and speculate on the origin of different forms of GLUT4-vesicle exocytosis.
Development and Application of a Reference Interval Approach to Wideband Absorbance Norms Using U.S. Population Data for Ages 6 to 80+ Years
Authors: Humes Larry 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
U.S. national wideband absorbance (WBA) data for 17,446 ears included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for 2015–2016 and 2017–2020 were analyzed to develop and apply normative reference intervals (RIs).

Method:

Analyses used distribution-free medians and cumulative distribution functions (CDFs). Notable differences between medians were defined as those with non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals, and differences between CDFs were evaluated using Cohen's
h
effect size. Strict inclusion criteria identified “healthy ears” with 1,240 ears meeting all the inclusion criteria for the reference group. RIs, WBA values corresponding to the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles for the reference group, were established. The established RIs were then applied to the full unscreened data set to determine the prevalence of WBA values outside the RIs.

Results:
WBA RIs were established for all 6- to 19-year-olds and for 20- to 69-year-olds separated into three groups: females, males, and non-Hispanic Asians. The differences among the CDFs underlying these RIs corresponded to small effect sizes. When a single RI, 0.40 < average WBA < 0.75, was applied to the full data set, about 6%–13% of ears fell outside the derived RIs. Logistic regression analyses found abnormal tympanometric results to be responsible for the extreme WBA values among the general population. Abnormal tympanometric results increased the odds of having WBA values outside the RI by ≥ 300%.

Conclusions:
U.S. population data for healthy ears were used to establish RIs for WBA of about 0.40–0.75. About 6%–13% of Americans, 6–80+ years of age, had WBA values outside these RI limits.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24185745
Resource allocation and energy trading in the short blocklength regime for radio access networks
Authors: Cao Yu , Zhou Yuchen , Chen Jian , Yang Long , He Bingtao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith the large‐scale deployment of communication and computation units, the conventional radio access network has been gradually transformed into a sophisticated Cyber‐Physical System. Since the access network is put forward higher expectations for ultra‐reliable and low‐latency services, Short‐Packet Communications (SPC) based on Finite Blocklength Codes can be adopted to further decrease network latency and enhance communication reliability. Considering the interaction among the service provider, the network operator, and users, a three‐stage Stackelberg game is constructed to dynamically arrange communication and computation resources. In this paper, the tripartite interaction problem is modelled as a generalized Nash equilibrium problem, and the reverse induction method is employed to achieve the sub‐game equilibrium. To solve the problem of maximizing tripartite utilities, the authors propose an iterative algorithm for jointly managing resource allocation and tripartite pricing. Simulation results show that compared with the benchmark, the proposed scheme can effectively improve the utilities of users, the service provider, and the network operator and achieve a win–win situation.
Multiple dependence representation of attention graph convolutional network relation extraction model
Authors: Liangfu Zhao , Yujie Xiong , Yongbin Gao , Wenjun Yu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDependency analysis can better help neural network to capture semantic features in sentences, so as to extract entity relation. Currently, hard pruning strategies and soft pruning strategies based on dependency tree structure coding have been proposed to balance beneficial additional information and adverse interference in extraction tasks. A new model based on graph convolutional networks, which uses a variety of representations describing dependency trees from different perspectives and combining these representations to obtain a better sentence representation for relation classification is proposed. A newly defined module is added, and this module uses the attention mechanism to capture deeper semantic features from the context representation as the global semantic features of the input text, thus helping the model to capture deeper semantic information at the sentence level for relational extraction tasks. In order to get more information about a given entity pair from the input sentence, the authors also model implicit co‐references (references) to entities. This model can extract semantic features related to the relationship between entities from sentences to the maximum extent. The results show that the model in this paper achieves good results on SemEval2010‐Task8 and KBP37 datasets.