bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anodal HD-tDCS on the dominant anterior temporal lobe and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: clinical results in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Rezakhani Soheila , Amiri Mahmood , Hassani Atefe , Esmaeilpour Khadijeh , Sheibani Vahid 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a neurocognitive disorder in which the cognitive and mental abilities of humans are declined. Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is an emerging noninvasive brain stimulation technique aimed at neuromodulation. In this study, we investigate whether high-definition anodal tDCS stimulation (anodal HD-tDCS) in MCI patients in two different brain regions will be effective in improving cognitive function.

Methods
This study was done as a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Sixty MCI patients (clinically diagnosed by expert neurologists) were randomly divided into three groups. Two groups received 2-mA anodal HD-tDCS for 20 min for 2 weeks (5 consecutive days in each week, 10 days in total). In the first group (twenty patients), the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (left DLPFC) was targeted. In the second group (twenty patients), the target zone was the dominant anterior temporal lobe (DATL). The third group (twenty patients) formed the Sham group. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Quality of Life in Alzheimer’s Disease (QoLAD) were considered as the outcome measures.

Results
MCI patients obtained the highest MoCA mean scores in both left DLPFC and DATL groups versus the study baseline 2 weeks after the intervention. In addition, the MoCA mean scores of MCI patients were greater in both intervention groups compared to the Sham group up to 3 months post-stimulation (p-value ≤ 0.05). However, as we moved away from the first stimulation day, a decreasing trend in the MoCA mean scores was observed. Moreover, in the left DLPFC and DATL groups, higher QoLAD mean scores were observed 3-month post-stimulation, highlighting the effectiveness of anodal HD-tDCS in improving the quality of life in MCI patients.

Conclusion
In this research, it was shown that applying anodal HD-tDCS at left DLPFC and DATL brain regains for two successive weeks improves cognitive function in MCI patients (by obtaining higher values of MoCA scores) up to 3 months after the intervention compared to the Sham group. This illustrates the positive effects of HD-tDCS, as a non-pharmacological intervention, for improving cognitive function and quality of life in MCI patients.

Significance
Two weeks after anodal HD-tDCS of the DLPFC and DATL brain regions, the MCI patients achieved the highest MoCA mean scores compared to the Sham group across all measurement intervals.
The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in Japanese asthma patients
Authors: Yasuda Mina , Tobino Kazunori , Harada Norihiro , Ooi Ryunosuke , Sueyasu Takuto , Nishizawa Saori , Munechika Miyuki , Yoshimine Kohei , Ko Yuki , Yoshimatsu Yuki , Tsuruno Kosuke , Ide Hiromi , Takahashi Kazuhisa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs more commonly in asthma patients than in the general population because these conditions share some comorbidities. In Japan, the prevalence of OSA in the general population is reported to be approximately 20%; however, few reports have described the prevalence of OSA in asthma patients. Furthermore, the characteristics of Japanese patients with OSA and asthma are not clear.

Methods
Adult asthma patients were recruited from the outpatient departments of our institution between August 31, 2017, and March 31, 2019. In all included patients, the presence and severity of OSA were evaluated by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and a home sleep test (HST) using portable polysomnography (PSG). The rate of coexisting OSA in asthma patients and the characteristics of those patients according to the severity of OSA were investigated.

Results
Fifty-three patients were included. OSA was detected in 36 (67.9%) patients (mild, n = 15; moderate, n = 14; and severe, n = 7). Patients with OSA had significantly higher body mass index, Brinkman index, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and 3% oxygen desaturation index (ODI) values in comparison to those without OSA, while the percentage of the predicted value of forced vital capacity (%FVC) and lowest SpO2 levels were significantly lower. As the severity of OSA increased, age, brain natriuretic peptide level, AHI, and 3%ODI increased, and in contrast, FVC, %FVC, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), percentage of the predicted value of FEV1 (%FEV1), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), 3%ODI, and lowest SpO2 levels decreased. In particular, the fact that the ESS value was inversely correlated with the severity of OSA in our patients was different from the general characteristics of OSA. Moreover, the AHI value was negatively correlated with FVC, %FVC, FEV1, and %FEV1. BMI was the only independent factor for the presence of OSA, and for asthma severity (FEV1, % of predicted), there was a weak correlation with smoking history.

Conclusions
This is the first report to investigate the prevalence of OSA in Japanese asthma patients, using an HST. This study suggests that an HST should be performed in addition to the sleep interview for asthma patients with refractory disease, a low pulmonary function, advanced age, and high BMI because the more severe the OSA, the lower the ESS value may be.
Successful treatment of severe calcium channel blocker poisoning, new experience with the guidance of invasive hemodynamic monitoring in a 17-year-old girl: a case report
Authors: Saeed Amir , Naghshzan Amir 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Calcium channel blocker poisoning is one of the most lethal cardiac drugs overdoses. Calcium and high-dose insulin infusion are the first-line therapy for symptomatic patients, and Intralipid emulsion infusion is useful for refractory cases.

Case presentation
In this report, we describe a 17-year-old Iranian girl who took 250 mg of the drug for a suicidal attempt and presented with refractory hypotension and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema treated successfully with the guidance of invasive hemodynamic parameters.

Conclusion
For complicated cases, in addition to supportive care and adjuvant therapy such as high-dose insulin and Intralipid, it is mandatory to utilize advanced hemodynamic monitoring to treat hypotension in severe calcium channel blocker poisoning to guide the treatment.
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 (AKR1A1) exerts a protective function in alcohol-associated liver disease by reducing 4-HNE accumulation and p53 activation
Authors: Lan Ying-Wei , Chen Wan-Ru , Chang Gary Ro-Lin , Chen Ying-Cheng , Chong Kowit-Yu , Chuang Kai-Cheng , Kao Yung-Tsung , Chen Ming-Shan , Chen Chuan-Mu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The development of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is influenced by the amount and duration of alcohol consumption. The resulting liver damage can range from reversible stages, such as steatosis, steatohepatitis and alcoholic fibrosis, to the advanced and irreversible stage of cirrhosis. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 (AKR1A1) is a member of the aldo-keto reductase family that catalyzes the reduction of aldehyde groups to their corresponding alcohols in an NADPH-dependent manner. AKR1A1 was found to be downregulated in patients diagnosed with ALD. This study aims to interpret the protective effects of AKR1A1 on the development of ALD.

Methods
A 5% alcohol-fed (AF) Akr1a1 knockout (Akr1a1−/−) mouse model and an AML12 hepatocyte model were used. The effects of AKR1A1 on liver function, inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, and fibrosis were assessed by ELISA, western blotting, RT‒PCR, and a variety of histological staining methods in AF-induced wild-type (WT) and Akr1a1−/− mice compared to control liquid diet-fed (PF) WT and Akr1a1−/− mice.

Results
The results demonstrated that AF-WT mice expressed higher levels of AKR1A1 than WT mice fed a control diet, and they did not show any noticeable liver steatosis. However, AF-Akr1a1−/− mice displayed a lower survival rate and more severe liver injury than AF-WT mice, as demonstrated by increased proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, fibrosis, and reduced antioxidant enzymes in their livers. Additionally, elevated levels of 4-HNE and p53 phosphorylation were observed in AF-Akr1a1−/− mice, suggesting that the loss of AKR1A1 led to increased 4-HNE accumulation and subsequent activation of p53, which contributed to the progression of ALD. Furthermore, in AML12 hepatocytes, Akr1a1 knockdown aggravated oxidative stress and steatosis induced by palmitic acid/oleic acid (P/O) inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and fibrosis induced by TGF-β1.

Conclusions
This loss-of-function study suggests that AKR1A1 plays a liver-protective role during chronic alcohol consumption by reducing the accumulation of 4-HNE and inhibiting 4-HNE-mediated p53 activation.
Sub-convolutional U-Net with transformer attention network for end-to-end single-channel speech enhancement
Authors: Yecchuri Sivaramakrishna , Vanambathina Sunny Dayal 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in deep learning-based speech enhancement models have extensively used attention mechanisms to achieve state-of-the-art methods by demonstrating their effectiveness. This paper proposes a transformer attention network based sub-convolutional U-Net (TANSCUNet) for speech enhancement. Instead of adopting conventional RNNs and temporal convolutional networks for sequence modeling, we employ a novel transformer-based attention network between the sub-convolutional U-Net encoder and decoder for better feature learning. More specifically, it is composed of several adaptive time―frequency attention modules and an adaptive hierarchical attention module, aiming to capture long-term time-frequency dependencies and further aggregate hierarchical contextual information. Additionally, a sub-convolutional encoder-decoder model used different kernel sizes to extract multi-scale local and contextual features from the noisy speech. The experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms several state-of-the-art methods.
A multi-classification detection model for imbalanced data in NIDS based on reconstruction and feature matching
Authors: Yang Yue , Cheng Jieren , Liu Zhaowu , Li Huimin , Xu Ganglou 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith the exponential growth of various data interactions on network systems, network intrusions are also increasing. The emergence of edge computing technology brings a new solution to network security. However, due to the difficulty of processing massive and unbalanced data at the edge, higher accuracy requirements are necessary for deployed detection models. This paper proposes a multi-classification model for network intrusion detection based on reconstruction and feature matching. This model can be deployed on small-scale edge nodes, effectively identifying various attack behaviors through the utilization of reconstruction errors and adaptive scaling. Furthermore, we proposed a model transfer method based on feature matching to enhance the training and detection efficiency of multi-classification models under different data distribution conditions. The proposed model has been evaluated on the CICIDS2017 dataset in terms of accuracy, recall, precision and F1 score. The model demonstrates high accuracy for normal flows in the network, majority class attacks, and minority class attacks, achieving an overall multi-class accuracy of 99.81%, outperforming similar models. Furthermore, this model demonstrates faster convergence and training speed after feature matching, exhibiting better robustness and outstanding performance at the edge.
Triglyceride-glucose index is capable of identifying metabolically obese, normal-weight older individuals
Authors: Kim Bokun , Taniguchi Keisuke , Isobe Tomonori , Oh Sechang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The concept of metabolically obese, normal weight (MONW) has emerged to describe individuals with a normal body mass index (BMI) who are at a relatively high risk of chronic diseases. However, BMI itself is a suboptimal index for the assessment of the health risks associated with visceral fat. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is considered to be a reliable and cost-effective marker of insulin resistance. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to determine the TyG index cut-off values that could be used to define MONW in older people and to determine the usefulness of these values for the prediction of chronic diseases.

Methods
A total of 4,721 participants in the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey who were ≥ 60 years of age and did not have underweight or obesity were included. MONW was defined using the criteria for metabolic syndrome (MS), and the TyG index was calculated on the basis of the fasting plasma triglyceride and glucose concentrations. Chronic diseases, including T2DM, hypertension, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), were diagnosed.

Results
The prevalence of MS increased from the lowest to the highest TyG index tertile. The cut-off values of the TyG index for MONW were calculated as 8.88 and 8.80 for males and females, respectively. MONW, defined using these cut-off values, was associated with high odds ratios for NAFLD, T2DM, and hypertension in both males and females.

Conclusions
The TyG index cut-off values calculated in the present study can be used to discriminate individuals with MONW from other older individuals without obesity and to predict the risk of chronic diseases. These findings show that the TyG index is an effective and cost-efficient method of assessing the risk of chronic diseases in people with MONW.
Migration timing and marine space use of an anadromous Arctic fish (Arctic Char, Salvelinus alpinus) revealed by local spatial statistics and network analysis
Authors: Smith Rosie , Hitkolok Eric , Loewen Tracey , Dumond Amanda , Swanson Heidi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe ice-free season (typically late-June to early-October) is crucial for anadromous species of fish in the Arctic, including Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus), which must acquire adequate resources for growth, reproduction, and survival during a brief period of feeding in the marine environment. Arctic Char is an important food fish for Inuit communities across the Arctic. Understanding drivers and patterns of migration in the marine environment is thus essential for conservation and management of the species.MethodsWe used passive acoustic telemetry to characterize migration patterns of 51 individual anadromous Arctic Char during the ice-free season in the marine environment of Coronation Gulf (Nunavut, Canada; 2019–2022). Based on recent genetic evidence, some tagged individuals were likely Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma malma), a closely related species to Arctic Char. Using local Getis G* and network analysis, we described movement patterns and identified high-use locations in the marine environment. We also related freshwater overwintering location to migration timing and movement pattern.ResultsComparing groups of fish that overwintered in distinct locations, we found: (i) limited evidence that marine movements were associated with overwintering location; (ii) minor differences in use of marine space; and, (iii) timing of freshwater return differed significantly between overwintering groups, and was related to length and difficulty of the migratory pathway in freshwater. Results from both network analysis and local Getis G* revealed that, regardless of overwintering location, coastal locations were highly used by fish.ConclusionsOverwintering locations, and the migratory routes to access overwintering locations, affect the timing of freshwater return. Preference of fish for coastal marine locations is likely due to abundance of forage and patterns in break-up of sea ice. Similarities in marine space use and movement patterns present challenges for managing this and other mixed stock fisheries of anadromousSalvelinusspp. Absences or periods of time when fish were not detected prevented comprehensive assessment of movement patterns. Local Getis G*, a local indicator of spatial association, is a helpful tool in identifying locations associated with absences in acoustic telemetry arrays, and is a complementary method to network analysis.
Collagen type II solution extracted from supercritical carbon dioxide decellularized porcine cartilage: regenerative efficacy on post-traumatic osteoarthritis model
Authors: Periasamy Srinivasan , Chen Yun-Ju , Hsu Dur-Zong , Hsieh Dar-Jen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a common degenerative articular disorder and is one of the main causes of pain and functional disability. Cartilage damage is frequently linked to elevated osteoarthritis incidence. Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) decellularized cartilage graft produced from the porcine cartilage is an ideal candidate for cartilage tissue engineering. In the present study, we derived collagen type II (Col II) solution from the scCO2 decellularized porcine cartilage graft (dPCG) and compared its efficacy with hyaluronic acid (HA) in the surgical medial meniscectomy (MNX) induced post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) model. Dose-dependent attenuation of the OA (12.3 ± 0.8) progression was observed in the intra‐articular administration of Col II solution (7.3 ± 1.2) which significantly decreased the MNX-induced OA symptoms similar to HA. The pain of the OA group (37.4 ± 2.7) was attenuated dose-dependently by Col II solution (45.9 ± 4.1) similar to HA (43.1 ± 3.5) as evaluated by a capacitance meter. Micro‐CT depicted a dose-dependent attenuation of articular cartilage damage by the Col II solution similar to HA treatment. A significant (p < 0.001) dose-dependent elevation in the bone volume was also observed in Col II solution-treated OA animals. The protective competence of Col II solution on articular cartilage damage is due to its significant (p < 0.001) increase in the expression of type II collagen, aggrecan and SOX‐9 similar to HA. To conclude, intra‐articular administration of type II collagen solution and HA reestablished the injured cartilage and decreased osteoarthritis progression in the experimental PTOA model.
Graphical Abstract
Building MLR, ANN and FL models to predict the strength of problematic clayey soil stabilized with a combination of nano lime and nano pozzolan of natural sources for pavement construction
Authors: Al-Swaidani Aref M. , Meziab Ayman , Khwies Waed T. , Al-Bali Mohamad , Lala Tarek 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe current study aims at predicting the strength of the problematic clayey soils treated with combinations of pozzolan of natural sources and lime powder when added as soil additives at a nano scale. Multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural networks (ANN) and fuzzy logic (FL) tools were employed in the analytical study. The variables of the present study include the following: nano pozzoaln of natural source (NNP) content, nano lime content (NL), median particle size of NNP, active silica content of NNP (SiO2active), Initial liquid limit (ILL) and initial plastic limit (IPL) of the investigated soils. NNP was added at five percentages, i.e. 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%, while NL was added at five percentages, i.e. 0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9% and 1.2%. Three median particle sizes namely 50, 100 and 500 nm size were studied. Based on the different investigated soils and combinations, 120 soil mixtures were prepared and tested. California bearing ratio (CBR) and plasticity index (PI) were particularly examined. CBR tests were conducted at a soaked condition on specimens compacted to a maximum dry density (MDD) at the optimum moisture content (OMC). PI values were obtained following the Atterberg limits test. Based on the results of the performance criteria of the developed predictive models, it can be concluded that the CBR and PI of the expansive clayey soils can be effectively predicted using ANN and FL techniques. The results obtained by MLR were far from those obtained by both ANN & FL. In addition, ANN tool was slightly more accurate than FL as far as prediction of CBR and PI is concerned. The higher capability of ANN & FL models in predicting CBR & PI values, which generally obtained through time-consuming and expensive tests, could be useful for geotechnical engineers to assess or design a new pavement project. Further, it is recommended to do a re-evaluation of the current study in future, particularly when more data is available in the literature.
The association between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and physical activity with sleep quality: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zare¹ Mohammad Javad , Masoumi Seyed Jalil , Zare Morteza 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The study aimed to assess the independent and interactive association of energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) and physical activity (PA) with sleep quality.

Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted on the 2466 participants (60% women). A 116-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was applied to calculate E-DII, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) long form for PA, and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality were collected via interview. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to assess independent and interactive associations of E-DII and PA with sleep quality.

Result
No significant association was observed between E-DII and sleep quality (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92_1.01). Also, there was no significant association between the levels of PA and sleep quality. Women had 70% increased odds for poor sleep quality (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.39_2.09) compared with men. No interactive association was observed between E-DII and PA levels with sleep quality.

Conclusion
No significant association was observed between E-DII and PA levels with sleep quality. The study indicates a gender difference in sleep quality. Future prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
Feasibility and acceptability of a contextualized physical activity and diet intervention for the control of hypertension in adults from a rural subdistrict: a study protocol (HYPHEN)
Authors: Sekome Kganetso , Gómez-Olivé Francesc Xavier , Sherar Lauren B. , Esliger Dale W. , Myezwa Hellen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
In rural and remote South Africa, most strokes and ischaemic heart diseases are as a consequence of hypertension, which is a modifiable risk factor. The widely recommended therapeutic approaches to control hypertension are through physical activity and diet modifications. However, there is a lack of culturally sensitive community-based, lifestyle interventions to control hypertension among rural African adult populations. We designed an intervention which recommends adjusting daily routine physical activity and dietary behaviour of adults with hypertension. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of HYPHEN in a rural community setting.

Methods
We aim to recruit 30 adult participants with a self-report hypertension diagnosis. A one-arm, prospective design will be used to assess the feasibility and acceptability of recruitment, uptake, engagement, and completion of the 10-week intervention. Recruitment rates will be assessed at week 0. Intervention uptake, engagement, and adherence to the intervention will be assessed weekly via telephone. Blood pressure, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, urinary sodium, accelerometer-measured physical activity, and 24-h diet recall will be assessed at baseline and at 10 weeks. Qualitative semi-structured interviews will be conducted at 10 weeks to explore feasibility and acceptability.

Discussion
This study offers a person-centred, sociocultural approach to hypertension control through adaptations to physical activity and dietary intake. This study will determine whether HYPHEN is feasible and acceptable and will inform changes to the protocol/focus that could be tested in a full trial.

Trial registration number
PACTR202306662753321.