bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Eye to We: Richard Wright’s 12 Million Black Voices (1941), Documentary, and Pedagogy
Authors: Allred Jeff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Machiavelli merges with the people, becomes the people; not, however, some “generic” people, but the people whom he, Machiavelli, has convinced by the preceding argument—the people whose consciousness and whose expression he becomes and feels himself to be, with whom he feels identified. John Ford’s film The Grapes of Wrath (1940) closes with Ma and Pa Joad behind the wheel of their truck, fulminating about the injustices perpetrated on them by the unholy trinity of police power, corporate greed, and natural disaster. At the end of her rant, Ma Joad ends on an uplifting note: “We’re the people that live. They can’t wipe us out. They can’t lick us. We’ll go on forever, Pa, cause we’re the people.” This populist “we” totes its banner through much of Depression-era culture; it is visible, for example, in the pious yet ordinary heroes of Frank Capra films like Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) or the chanting audience-turned-chorus in Clifford Odets’s Waiting for Lefty (1935). This trope has not aged well, critically speaking, primarily because it assumes that which it should trouble.
Ringling Brothers’ Big Cats
Authors: Beauchamp Tom L , Orlans F Barbara , Dresser Rebecca , Morton David B , Gluck John P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On July 11, 2004, the crowds in Phoenix, Arizona, cheered for Clyde the lion. Only two years old, he was one of the youngest lions performing with Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. Clyde had been acquired from a lion troop in Spain and since January had been traveling with the circus. He was still a few years short of mating age and had probably not reached his full adult size.Clyde was still rather new to performances, but he bore the charismatic majesty native to his kind, and the crowds cheered. The next day, Clyde died. Feld Entertainment, Inc., which owns Ringling Bros., issued a press release saying that he had died on the circus train of unknown causes. The press statement also said that the remaining cats would be transported by truck until an internal review of conditions of transportation by train was conducted.3 People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) alleged that the young lion succumbed to heat-stroke as the circus train crossed the Mojave Desert.4 Frank Hagan, a former Ringling employee, issued an affidavit to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) supporting PETA’s claims. He said that a circus supervisor had ignored repeated requests to stop the train so that the cats could receive water and that he was instructed not to speak to USDA investigators after Clyde’s death. Hagan also stated that Ringling had installed mist sprinklers in the train before USDA agents arrived to investigate the incident.
Cosmetic Surgery for Dogs
Authors: Beauchamp Tom L , Orlans F Barbara , Dresser Rebecca , Morton David B , Gluck John P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Robbed of Their Tails, Robbed of Their Lives”: This headline was accompanied by a photograph of 11 transparent body bags (for puppies) in a row, each with its own label, RH 1–11. All had died after their tails had been surgically amputated without anesthetic or without long-term pain relief that would be normal for humans after a surgical amputation, say for a finger. The effects of a few seconds of intense pain and maybe a few days of moderate pain and aches at and around the site of surgery are seen as being acceptable by many breeders, and few questions are asked. Much less commonly (nobody knows exactly how often), docking can be followed by side effects that may even result in animals having to be euthanized months or years later. This chapter begins with an actual case that is quite common. An amateur breeder of weimaraners in the United Kingdom, Ms. A. was uncertain whether to have the tails of the litter of her pregnant bitch docked shortly after their birth. She telephoned her vet to arrange an appointment, only to be told that the vet did not dock unless it was for therapeutic reasons, that is, only when the tail had been damaged in some way and surgery was required for it to heal properly.
Animal Sacriﬁce as Religious Ritual The Santeria Case
Authors: Beauchamp Tom L , Orlans F Barbara , Dresser Rebecca , Morton David B , Gluck John P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the spring of 1987, a controversy arose in the city of Hialeah, Florida. It began when Ernesto Pichardo, the president and priest of the Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye, issued a public statement describing the church’s plan to build a worship and education center on city land that the church previously had leased. The announcement triggered discussion and debate among residents of Hialeah, some of whom were opposed to the church’s plan.1 Before the controversy subsided, the U.S. Supreme Court had become involved. The case raises issues about balancing the interests of nonhuman animals against the interests of humans—in particular, the human interests incorporated in the First Amendment protection of the free exercise of religion. The original opposition was based on moral concerns about the sacrifice of animals, a practice associated with the Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye. Members of the church practice a religion called Santeria. This religion began in the sixteenth century among Cuban slaves who had been removed from their East African homes. The slaves belonged to the Yoruba people, who practiced a traditional religion in Africa. In Cuba, the Yoruba were not permitted to practice their religion openly. They were often baptized without their consent as Christians before being forced onto the Spanish ships that took them to Cuba. In response, many Yoruba practitioners incorporated their traditional faith into the Roman Catholic religion.
Bonobos Humans’ Closest Relatives Face Extinction
Authors: Beauchamp Tom L , Orlans F Barbara , Dresser Rebecca , Morton David B , Gluck John P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 2004, five trucks from a Western logging company pulled into Mompano, a town in Congo.1 Mompano is in the center of the habitat of the bonobo—an extremely endangered species that, along with the chimpanzee, is the closest living relative of human beings. The trucks were laden with sacks of sugar, salt, and other supplies. The loggers offered the supplies to the villagers in return for an illegal permission to cut down all of the trees in the area.
In Defense of African American Culture: Sterling A. Brown, Gunnar Myrdal, and An American Dilemma
Authors: Tidwell John Edgar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two years after the appearance of Invisible Man (1952), novelist Ralph Ellison, in a moment of candor not intended for publication, wrote his good friend Albert Murray about the visit he had just made to Howard University. To Mur- ray, Ellison expressed shock and disappointment because the hosts at a party honoring him had asked “the most provincial questions put to me anywhere.” At this gathering were some of the best-known scholars of African American culture, including E. Franklin Frazier, Arthur P. Davis, John Lovell, and Sterling A. Brown. He continued: “Can you imagine me standing before a group of so-called leading Negro so-called scholars and saying that they had failed to define ‘Negro’ except in blood terms, and not have one open his mouth? Maybe it’s because they’re afraid” (Murray 75, emphasis added).
Mrs. Dred Scott
Authors: Velde Lea Vander 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among the most infamous U.S. Supreme Court decisions is Dred Scott v. Sandford. Despite the case’s signal importance as a turning point in America’s history, the lives of the slave litigants have receded to the margins of the record, as conventional accounts have focused on the case’s judges and lawyers. In telling the life of Harriet, Dred’s wife and co-litigant in the case, this book provides a compensatory history to the generations of work that missed key sources only recently brought to light. Moreover, it gives insight into the reasons and ways that slaves used the courts to establish their freedom. A remarkable piece of historical detective work, Mrs. Dred Scott chronicles Harriet’s life from her adolescence on the 1830s Minnesota-Wisconsin frontier, to slavery-era St. Louis, through the eleven years of legal wrangling that ended with the high court’s notorious decision. The book not only recovers her story, but also reveals that Harriet may well have been the lynchpin in this pivotal episode in American legal history. Reconstructing Harriet Scott’s life through innovative readings of journals, military records, court dockets, and even frontier store ledgers, VanderVelde offers a stunningly detailed account that is at once a rich portrait of slave life, an engrossing legal drama, and a provocative reassessment of a central event in U.S. constitutional history. More than a biography, the book is a deep social history that freshly illuminates some of the major issues confronting antebellum America, including the status of women, slaves, Free Blacks, and Native Americans.
Trait-Based Risk Assessment for Invasive Species
Authors: Keller Reuben P , Drake John M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The political justification of environmental policy generally begins from one of two points. On the one hand, a strict biocentric view supposes that society has an obligation to protect the environment. A pragmatic biocentrist would amend this assertion to include the qualification that this protection can come at some cost—but not too severe a cost—to society. On the other hand, an anthropocentric view supposes that the obligation to protect the environment only obtains insofar as it serves the long view aimed at protecting the safety and security of citizens, options on society’s future productivity, and the general welfare of humanity. The premise of this book—a book about invasive species and human economic systems—is that only the pragmatic biocentric and anthropocentric views are acceptable to society. Thus, in either case we are concerned about human welfare and costs to society as the bottom-line arbiter of acceptable policy: there are some benefits we wish to maximize, and similarly, we wish to minimize costs. Environmental policy is therefore a process of weighing costs and benefits.
Truth and Dare in Education Programs
Authors: Booth Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is your answer? Based on my experience, I would guess many readers cringed slightly. Some felt the drop in the stomach that goes with the grudging compliance of a “should.” A few may have felt upbeat because they love that part of a musician’s work. It’s no surprise that responses vary. Musicians and ensembles should develop strong education programs—for reasons of advocacy, audience building, artistic generosity, and a broader range of musical expression. But I don’t want to “should” on you.
The Very Open Rehearsal
Authors: Booth Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“A regular live performance of classical music is powerful. A workshop exploration or a lesson about a piece of music can be powerful, too. But putting them together in this way makes it so alive for the listener. They join the extravagance of the musical experience. There is just nothing like having the real thing right there to experience together and have everyone dig into together.” Those are the words of violinist Denise Dillenbeck, describing her experience of leading very open rehearsals (VORs) as part of an ensemble, and even all on her own.
The Telling Facts of Advocacy
Authors: Booth Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the overview of advocacy in the last chapter, I challenged all music teaching artists to take on the role of active advocate by aiming to change not just people’s thoughts but also their beliefs, because beliefs underlie thoughts and actions. I admitted that logic alone doesn’t prevail in the court of belief, so I detailed the kinds of communication and preparation needed when we slip into the role of advocate. That role is one all of us need to assume as often as possible, with people in authority, with family, with strangers in grocery store lines, and especially within our own ranks of musicians and fellow teaching artists—where we don’t speak with a united voice.
The Guiding Spirit
Authors: Booth Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A closing note for our journey together. I am guessing you didn’t read this book straight through. You sampled, skimmed, found pertinent sections, set it aside for a time, and came back. I trust you took away ideas that work for you. That’s just as it should be with a book that hopes to serve as a resource for a lifelong journey. Like a bible, it also contributes even when it spends time on the shelf, reminding you that there are others who share your beliefs and aspirations, others who care that you care. For better or worse, we belong to a fi eld that is creating itself as it goes along. This book contains the early chapters of our bible; it is my deep hope that you will write the next chapters and verses yourself.
The Brain and the Magical Number Seven
Authors: Klingberg Torkel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As mentioned above, George Miller established the hypothesis that there is a natural restriction on the human information-processing faculties that leaves us able to keep only roughly seven units in our working memory. One point of his was to transfer the bandwidth idea from information theory to psychology; in this sense the human brain could be seen as a channel of communication in which the volume of incoming information that can be stored, processed, and reproduced is fully quantifiable.
Computer Games
Authors: Klingberg Torkel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Jennifer Grinnell, who lives in Michigan, has quit her old job at a furniture company and now devotes herself fulltime to the virtual world of Second Life. Second Life is a massively multiplayer online game (MMOG), in which users hook up to the Internet to enter an imaginary 3-D environment that they can navigate, buying buildings and land and creating their own virtual objects, such as furniture and clothes, as well as their own character (called an avatar). Jennifer’s specialty is designing clothes and appearances that other players can then buy and use for their avatars. After one month in Second Life, she was earning more on the game than she was in her old job at the furniture company. After three months, she quit her day job to devote herself full-time to the game, in a world that she shares with millions of other users. Some people play just for the experience, others to earn money.
Oboe Art and Method
Authors: Schuring Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Oboe Art and Method is a complete and comprehensive guide to oboe technique. Author Martin Schuring, a veteran oboe performer and instructor, describes in detail all of the basic techniques of playing (breathing, embouchure, finger technique, articulation) and reed making, with expert tips and step-by-step instructions for how best to perform each of these tasks with grace and technical efficiency. Schuring’s descriptions are straightforward and articulate, designed to encourage students to focus on the basic techniques of tone production as a springboard for more nuanced artistic development. Key sections address long-tone and scale practice in ways that go beyond advice most teachers will give their pupils, and the author’s focus on embouchure development cultivates supported breathing and blowing to help provide the best foundation for aspiring oboists. In addition, he offers chapters on the practicing, instrument care and adjustment, professional development, and career development issues, all designed to help students practice meaningfully and with purpose and guide them throughout their careers with the oboe. A reliable source of practical and time-tested advice, Oboe Art and Technique will appeal to all who teach or are learning to play the oboe, whether at conservatories or in private instruction. A coherent overview of the fundamentals of technique, it will also be a terrific brush-up guide for professionals and amateur enthusiasts alike.
The Legacy of Tracy J. Putnam and H. Houston Merritt
Authors: Rowland Lewis P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tracy Putnam and H. Houston Merritt co-discovered the effectiveness of Dilantin in controlling epilepsy, a dramatic find that is still invaluable today. Now, in this engaging volume, eminent neurologist Lewis P. Rowland, MD, tells the unique story of these two key figures and their outstanding contributions to science. Rowland reveals that Putnam was a brilliant and imaginative experimentalist, but he clashed with others--including powerful neurosurgeons--and ended up dying in relative obscurity. Merritt was the practical one, an observer, fact-collector and recorder, a practitioner of what is now called "evidence-based medicine". From his early days Merritt was a popular and remarkable diagnostician, and went on to be one of the most influential neurologists in the United States, a man who trained a generation of neurologists. As Dr. Rowland recounts this dual biography, he also sheds light on the origins of modern neurology, drug development, the growth of neuroscience and clinical investigation, academic anti-Semitism, the difficult struggle to translate basic science into clinical practice, the need for controls in therapeutic trials, and many other issues.
Putnam Moves from Harvard and Boston to Columbia and New York City: In Harm’s Way
Authors: Rowland Lewis P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Neurological Institute of New York was founded in 1909. Historical accounts laud it as the first hospital in the United States devoted to patients with neurological diseases.2,3 But that was only partly true. Neurologists in those days were called “neuropsychiatrists,” necessarily so. The specialty had originated during the Civil War, not even 50 years earlier. Neurological diseases were impervious to available treatments, and it is now difficult to think of a single condition other than epilepsy that could have been treated effectively with a drug or surgery. Another push for the hybrid term came from patients, who felt stigmatized by a psychiatric diagnosis and preferred to be admitted to a neurological hospital rather than an psychiatric hospital. Besides, psychiatrists were mostly in charge of asylums hidden in distant sites, remote from big cities. From the beginning and continuing for more than 50 years, many—perhaps even most—patients admitted to the institute probably had psychiatric disorders. Since the 1950s, however, advances in neuroscience have totally transformed the specialty, moving treatment to center stage for many conditions, even though giant public health challenges remain to this day; Alzheimer disease claims more than 4 million people now, and Parkinson disease is closing in on another million.
Phenytoin and the Road from Psychoanalysis to Psychopharmacology
Authors: Rowland Lewis P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1938, when Putnam and Merritt demonstrated the value of phenytoin in treating convulsive disorders, there was only one other effective drug, phenobarbital, which had limited value because it made people sleepy. Bromides had been used but had more annoying adverse effects. For 20 years or so, phenytoin and barbiturates were virtually the only drugs that served as anticonvulsants. Phenytoin not only filled a major gap but also opened the way to the development of other new drugs. By the end of the twentieth century, the standard textbook of pharmacology listed 13 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).1 Several of these new drugs have other uses, including the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Two themes influenced these developments. One was the simultaneous rise of both psychoanalysis and physical or biological treatments for psychiatric conditions. The second theme was the descent of both approaches to treatment with the advent of drug therapy for disorders of mood or behavior. Psychiatrists were central to these changes, but the turmoil involved neurologists, basic neuroscientists, and drug companies.
Making the American Self
Authors: Edwards Jonathan , Lincoln Abraham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Originally published in 1997 and now back in print, Making the American Self by Daniel Walker Howe, the Pulitzer Prize-winning author of What Hath God Wrought, charts the genesis and fascinating trajectory of a central idea in American history. One of the most precious liberties Americans have always cherished is the ability to "make something of themselves"--to choose not only an occupation but an identity. Examining works by Benjamin Franklin, Jonathan Edwards, Abraham Lincoln, Frederick Douglass, Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Margaret Fuller, and others, Howe investigates how Americans in the 18th and 19th centuries engaged in the process of "self-construction," "self-improvement," and the "pursuit of happiness." He explores as well how Americans understood individual identity in relation to the larger body politic, and argues that the conscious construction of the autonomous self was in fact essential to American democracy--that it both shaped and was in turn shaped by American democratic institutions. "The thinkers described in this book," Howe writes, "believed that, to the extent individuals exercised self-control, they were making free institutions--liberal, republican, and democratic--possible." And as the scope of American democracy widened so too did the practice of self-construction, moving beyond the preserve of elite white males to potentially all Americans. Howe concludes that the time has come to ground our democracy once again in habits of personal responsibility, civility, and self-discipline esteemed by some of America's most important thinkers. Erudite, beautifully written, and more pertinent than ever as we enter a new era of individual and governmental responsibility, Making the American Self illuminates an impulse at the very heart of the American experience.
Virgil’s Experience
Authors: Jenkyns Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book studies Virgil's ideas of nature, history, sense of nation, and sense of identity. It is exact and patient in its probing for nuance and detail, but also bold, wide, and original in its scope. It combines the study of Virgil with the study of attitudes to nature throughout antiquity. Blending literature with history, and in the case of Lucretius, philosophy, it offers a vision and an interpretation of the culture of the 1st century BC as a whole. It argues that Lucretius and Virgil affected a revolution in Western sensibility; claiming that a book about poetry should be a book about life, it combines scholarship and precision with a sense of the importance of literature and its capacity to enhance our understanding of our past and of ourselves.