bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Crack Width Prediction for Flexural Steel Reinforced UHPC Beams
Authors: Zhu Yanping , Zhang Yang , Yuan Xinzhe , Hou Changgui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe crack pattern of steel reinforced ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC) beam is usually characterized by many densely distributed fine cracks (i.e., multiple microcracks) along with localized macrocrack, and the crack width development rate along the beam height is smaller than that of normal concrete since steel fibers and steel reinforcement bars are supposed to be effective in controlling crack width propagation of the UHPC beam. However, an effective crack width prediction formula is still underdeveloped for steel reinforced UHPC beam. The present study aims to formulate a crack width prediction equation based on the equations in Chinese code GB50010 where the parameters can be regressed and calibrated. Ten UHPC beams with different steel fiber volumes and reinforcing ratios are experimentally tested to collect crack width and spacing data for comparison and validation purposes. Nonuniformity distribution coefficient of rebar strain and average crack spacing are calibrated by the test data. Also, rebar stress is calculated with considering residual tensile strength of UHPC based on a sectional analysis. The modified crack width equation is validated with the test results, showing the best prediction accuracy of 0.97 and standard deviation of 0.11 for the test beams in this study compared to those predicted by JTG 3362, CECS 38, MC and AFGC. This study is emphasizing crack width prediction and control in designing UHPC structures.
Crucial Roles of the Mesenchymal Androgen Receptor in Wolffian Duct Development
Authors: Wilbourne Jillian , Jia Shuai , Fogarty Allyssa , Takaku Motoki , Zhao Fei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Wolffian duct (WD) maintenance and differentiation is predominantly driven by the androgen action, which is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR). It is well established that the mesenchyme indicates the fate and differentiation of epithelial cells. However, in vivo developmental requirement of mesenchymal AR in WD development is still undefined. By designing a mesenchyme-specific Ar knockout (ARcKO), we discovered that the loss of mesenchymal Ar led to the bilateral or unilateral degeneration of caudal WDs and cystic formation at the cranial WDs. Ex vivo culture of ARcKO WDs invariably resulted in bilateral defects, suggesting that some factor(s) originating from surrounding tissues in vivo might promote WD survival and growth even in the absence of mesenchymal Ar. Mechanistically, we found cell proliferation was significantly reduced in both epithelial and mesenchymal compartments; but cell apoptosis was not affected. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA sequencing of E14.5 mesonephroi revealed 131 differentially expressed genes. Multiple downregulated genes (Top2a, Wnt9b, Lama2, and Lamc2) were associated with morphological and cellular changes in ARcKO male embryos (ie, reduced cell proliferation and decreased number of epithelial cells). Mesenchymal differentiation into smooth muscle cells that are critical for morphogenesis was also impaired in ARcKO male embryos. Taken together, our results demonstrate the crucial roles of the mesenchymal AR in WD maintenance and morphogenesis in mice.
Antipolitics: Populism (Not) in Ancient Athens
Authors: Cartledge Paul 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
As part of the Common Knowledge symposium “Antipolitics” — which concerns the present confrontation and confusion of democracy and populism — this essay begins from the observation that populism is a word of Latin, not Greek, derivation. The Roman populus did not have the independent democratic power of the Athenian demos, though both words can be translated as “people.” Whereas today, in representative democracies, the conflict of populism and democracy can and does do serious damage to the latter, under the regime of ancient Greek direct-democracy populism was more a demon fantasy, conjured by its diehard, oligarchic opponents, such as Plato, than a real, viable alternative mode of doing democratic politics. Thus, ancient Greek political history has its limits as a guide through our present troubles.
Coursework on engineering graphics as the first design experience
Authors: Markova Tat'yana , Bochkov Andrey , Kokorin M. , Nikitina T. 
Published: December 2023

One of the priorities for higher education and the country as a whole today is serious engineering education. Geometric and graphic disciplines are the first ones directly related to the specialty in the curricula of any technical field of training. The extent of this stage cannot be underestimated: they carry out the required program work, students study the rules and modern means of developing design documents, and receive basic knowledge to continue mastering specialized courses.
However, simply knowing the standards or being able to work with computer-aided design tools to solve engineering problems is not enough. A design engineer is a creator, an inventor. This means that one of the main tasks of teachers is to form a systematic technical, design thinking based on developed spatial imagination, the ability to think comprehensively, logically and creatively, and manifested in the ability to take specific actions to solve emerging problems and tasks, make decisions to achieve a specific result in the form of a technical product, a finished design based on the selected technology.
This article explores the possibilities of including design elements in educational tasks at the initial stage of training students of mechanical engineering specialties. A description of the course work carried out in the third semester as part of the engineering graphics course at Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University is presented.
According to the assignment, students develop design documentation for the product according to the diagram, description of the operating principle of the device and drawings of the main parts, make, if necessary, changes to the design to increase the manufacturability of parts and assembly and improve the technical and consumer properties of the product, and one of the parts, as directed teacher, is replaced by a welded assembly unit.
The article sets the goals and objectives of the work, describes the stages of implementation and the role of the teacher, and also developed a training manual to ensure independent work of students. An assessment was made of the first experience of using the technique. Conclusions and recommendations are presented.
Employee Training Policies of High Revenue Companies: Analysis of Case Examples From Turkey
Authors: Balkar Betül , Karadağ Nazife 
Published: December 2023

Purpose: The present study explores the primary characteristics of employee training practices by way of analysing the employee training policies of the top two companies with the highest sales revenue in Turkey. The primary characteristics of employee training practices are examined within the scope of the corporate employee training activities and the practices to cope with the challenges in the organization of employee training. Methods: Employing qualitative approach, document analysis was conducted within the context of two cases. The two companies with the highest sales revenue in Turkey were selected as cases in the study. The companies were determined through criterion sampling in line with the financial performance based on net sales revenue, stability of financial performance and potential for corporate training policy development criteria. The six years of sustainability and activity reports of the companies were analysed through thematic analysis. The documents were analysed through thematic analysis using open coding. Employee training policies and practices were presented under the sub-themes of personnel training types, subjects of personnel training, training infrastructure, factors considered in the design of training processes and supportive practices for training processes. Findings: Employee training of the companies mostly consists of formal and non-formal training activities designed according to the needs of employees. These training activities aim at both occupational and personal development of the employees. The training activities, which are mostly organized with the use of internal resources, also allow employees to make their own personal development plans. The dominant common aspects of the employee training policies of the companies show that the successful integration of employee training to the career management systems increases the efficiency of training activities. The study results also illustrate that the employee training policies can be strengthened through corporate capacity development activities. Conclusion: Institutionalization of training practices that contribute to workplace learning has an important role in the financial gains of highly competitive organizations. The success of corporate training practices for employees requires both an effective design in terms of content and process and a strong establishment of corporate training infrastructure. The provision of formal and informal learning opportunities structured according to employee needs through a strong corporate training infrastructure and planning the career development of employees based on the outputs of training activities are the indicators of successful company performance.
Variations in Practice Among Cirrhotic Patients With Portal Vein Thrombosis and Esophageal Varices: A North American Survey Study
Authors: Mui Brandon G. , Grinspan Lauren T. , Crismale James F. 
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION:
There exists variation regarding the approach to anticoagulation and variceal hemorrhage (VH) prophylaxis among patients with cirrhosis and portal vein thrombosis (PVT).

METHODS:
A survey was distributed to gastroenterology and hepatology providers to assess the approach to anticoagulation and VH prophylaxis among patients with PVT in cirrhotic patients.

RESULTS:
Providers were more likely to start anticoagulation if the patient was listed for liver transplantation, was symptomatic, or had superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. For prevention of first VH, many providers opt for combination therapy with both nonselective beta blockers and variceal ligation.

DISCUSSION:
Although providers agree on the clinical scenarios that merit initiation of anticoagulation, practice variation was identified in the means of preventing first VH.
EXAMINING NETIZENS' VIEWS ON INDONESIAN MUSLIM CELEBRITIES’ WILDLIFE FASHION ON SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Rasyid Mufti 
Published: December 2023

This study examines social media users' views on Indonesian Muslim celebrities' who use wild animal materials in fashion. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the researcher utilized Teun van Dijk's critical discourse analysis, which consists of three levels: text level (microstructure), social cognition (superstructure), and social context (macrostructure). The subject of this research was Instagram accounts and YouTube videos of Angel Lelga, Ola Ramlan, and Syahrini wearing wild-animal fashion items. The results found that in the microstructure level, the comments' word choices, emphasis, and details represent commenters' background, intention, and presumption, mostly influenced by halal-lifestyle. In the superstructure level, it can be concluded that most netizens do not understand animal welfare issues sufficiently. Meanwhile, in the macrostructure, the researcher underlines the notion of power and access, which enables Indonesian Muslims to create a discourse on the halal lifestyle without concerning animal welfare. However, the awareness of animal welfare is also noteworthy, although not significant.
Análisis de la situación penitenciaria en México y su inminente transformación restaurativa.
Authors: Lamas Meza Saul Adolfo 
Published: December 2023

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito analizar las principales problemáticas que padece el sistema carcelario en México, problemáticas tales como hacinamiento y sobrepoblación penitenciaria, escaza readaptación social de los reos, dispersión normativa, infraestructura inapropiada e insuficiente, corrupción institucional, autogobierno, operaciones clandestinas, violación sistemática de derechos humanos, etc., que han llevado a esta institución al colapso y a su degradación institucional intrínseca. A través de análisis cualitativos inferenciales se escudriñan desde un talante socio-jurídico las figuras que integran el esquema penitenciario en México, evidenciado la necesidad inminente que tiene la institución carcelaria de tener una transformación ontológica integral, con esquemas restaurativos actualizados a su realidad coyuntural. A través del método cualitativo-inductivo, en el cuerpo del presente artículo se analizan propuestas y perspectivas de solución de viable implemento que pueden coadyuvar a la depuración de esta institución social.
Analysis of 5G Rotman beamforming lens antenna for higher beam angle and minimum phase error
Authors: Parsediya Deep Kishore , Singhal Pramod Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Rotman lens beamforming networks are widely used for high gain, wide bandwidth applications in 5G communication. The uniform amplitude and phase distribution along with wide angle scanning at the array ports are mostly demanded for reducing the losses. Furthermore, minimum phase error is essential requirement for lens designs. Conventionally, for wide angle scanning, the lenses are designed by using most common expression between beam angle α and focal ratio (parameter ‘g’) i.e. g = 1 + 0.5α
2. The lenses obtained by such relation are inefficient for higher beam angle such as α = 45° due to the restricted shapes of beam and array contours. Hence suffer with large path length error limitation. In this paper, the mathematical relation between beam angle and focal ratio (parameter ‘g’) has been developed. The proposed relation offers phase error reduction more than 3× than the conventional expression based lens error. The simulation of the designed lens has performed using Software MATLAB which showed close agreement with the analytical values. Furthermore, three rectangular MPA arrays at center frequency 2.35 GHz have been proposed and simulated with lens design for 5G frequency range i.e. 2.3–2.4 GHz and offer high gain, directivity and wide coverage.
Numerical Determination of Target Values and Process Parameters of Case Hardening, Taking into Account the Local Stress State of Failure-Relevant Construction Details
Authors: Diemar A. , Gerth U. , Lahmer T. , Teichert G. , Könke C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Through the thermochemical process of case hardening, the local material strength of steel components can be increased. In addition to the increase in stress due to the notch effect, the shape of construction details also has an effect on key component properties after case hardening, such as edge hardness and case hardening depth. The component-related specification of target values for case hardening is currently based on empirical values or expert knowledge. In addition, the effect of design details during case hardening is not taken into account when specifying process parameters in the control and regulation software of case hardening systems. This article presents a concept for the numerical determination of target values and process parameters for case hardening based on the stress state of the component. Compared to the empirically based determination of target values and process parameters for case hardening, the application of the concept makes it possible to adapt the case hardening of components to their stress in the failure range and thus significantly increase the energy and resource efficiency of case hardening.
The School of Salamanca on Value of Money: A Reassessment
Authors: Bahmanpour-Khalesi Mohammadhosein , Sharifzadeh Mohammadjavad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study endeavors to investigate the theory of the value of money from the vantage point of late scholastic scholars, with a specific focus on the Salamanca School and the two prevailing monetary doctrines: Objectivism (Metallism) and Subjectivism (Chartalism). Our investigation employs the classical works of late scholastic thinkers from the 15th to the 17th centuries to illuminate the perspectives held by the Salamanca School concerning monetary value. The findings affirm that the twofold theory of money value proposed by late scholastic thinkers constitutes a nuanced iteration of the multidimensional approach to money. This comprehensive framework encompasses various facets of value, such as the final, actual, formal, and material dimensions. Moreover, the conspicuous emphasis placed by late scholastic thinkers on the subjective aspects of money value imparts a multifaceted character to their theory, demonstrating striking parallels with modern subjective doctrine.
Economic burden and health-related quality of life in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 in Greece
Authors: Sotiropoulou Lamprini , Loupas Marios Athanasios , Adamopoulou Mary , Athanasiou Dimitris , Kalogeropoulou Maria 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a group of rare genetic disorders characterized by the development of tumours that may affect the brain, spinal cord, and the nerves that send signals between the brain and spinal cord and all other parts of the body. The disease burden on Greek patients and caregivers is unknown.

Objective
The aim of this study is to determine the societal economic burden and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of families with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) in Greece.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in which an online questionnaire was completed by NF1 patients and their caregivers. A cost of illness model was developed in which costs per NF1 patient were calculated from a societal perspective and extrapolated to the total affected population in Greece. Finally, the 36-item PedsQL™ Family Impact Module was used to measure the HRQoL of families with NF1 members.

Results
The economic burden of NF1 was estimated at €21,594 per patient in 2022. When extrapolating this outcome across all affected persons, the average annual cost was €56,319,583. Out-of-pocket expenses accounted for 10% of the total. Results of the analysis on HRQoL indicated a significant burden on family members representing the caregivers of NF1 patients with the majority of scores falling below 50 and a mean total score of 45.

Conclusions
The results highlight the considerable burden of NF1 not only in terms of the high costs but also in terms of reduced HRQoL for patients’ families.
Peritoneal metastases from rare ovarian cancer treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC)
Authors: Falla-Zuniga Luis Felipe , Sardi Armando , King Mary Caitlin , Lopez-Ramirez Felipe , Barakat Philipp , Nieroda Carol , Diaz-Montes Teresa , Gushchin Vadim 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
There are limited treatment options and no consensus on the management of advanced rare ovarian malignancies. Rare ovarian malignancies can present with peritoneal metastases (PM), featuring a similar presentation to more common ovarian subtypes. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) is an effective treatment for PM of non-gynecologic origin and, recently, epithelial ovarian cancer. We evaluated the feasibility of CRS/HIPEC in the management of PM from rare ovarian malignancies and report postoperative outcomes on these patients.

Methods
A retrospective review of a single center, prospective database (1994–2021) was performed to identify patients with rare ovarian malignancies treated with CRS/HIPEC. Clavien-Dindo 90-day morbidity/mortality and Kaplan–Meier overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed.

Results
Of 44 patients identified, 28 underwent CRS/HIPEC. Six were aborted due to extensive disease. Histologic subtypes included: clear cell (5/28, 17.9 %), endometrioid (5/28, 17.9 %), granulosa cell (3/28, 10.7 %), low-grade serous (6/28, 21.4 %), mesonephric (1/28, 3.6 %), mucinous (6/28, 21.4 %), and small cell (2/28, 7.1 %) carcinomas. Eight (28.6 %) patients had primary and 20 (71.4 %) had recurrent disease. Median peritoneal cancer index (PCI) was 21 (IQR: 6–29). Complete cytoreduction (<2.5 mm residual disease) was achieved in 27/28 (96.4 %). Grade III/IV complications occurred in 9/28 (32.1 %) with one (3.6 %) mortality. After a median follow-up of 65.8 months, 20 patients were alive. Five-year OS and PFS were 68.5 and 52.6 %, respectively.

Conclusions
In patients with PM from rare ovarian malignancies, CRS/HIPEC is feasible and has an acceptable safety profile. Longer follow-up and multicenter trials are needed.
The concepts “power” and “death” as key units in the conceptual framework of the novel The Nomads: The Charmed Sword by Yessenberlin
Authors: Dairbekova Aigerim , Mekebayeva Leila 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The relevance of this study is the increased interest of modern researchers in the field of humanities in the problems of interaction between language, culture, and thinking, as well as the need to study in this aspect the interdisciplinary notion of the concept from the position of literature studies. The purpose of the study is to investigate the concepts of “power” and “death” as key units in the conceptual framework of Kazakh writer Yessenberlin’s novel The Nomads: The Charmed Sword, and to determine the features of their reflection in the individual author’s language picture of the world. The leading method is the method of conceptual analysis, which makes it possible to identify and comprehensively consider concepts in both individual authors and the national picture of the world of the Kazakh people. Within the research, the hierarchical structure of the conceptual framework of Yessenberlin historical novel is presented. The authors calculated associative rows of the concepts composing the novel’s conceptual framework and made conclusions concerning the relationships between the studied concepts, as well as the meaning of the central concepts “power” and “death” and the distinction between historical facts and artistic fiction. The main statements and conclusions can be used in the process of teaching philological disciplines in higher education institutions.
Estimation of the Departmental Female Employment Rate: Towards a New Strategy Based on Combining Spatial and Non-spatial Small Area Estimators
Authors: Mahali Kamel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Local statistics are in high demand in almost all countries due to their relevance for public policy monitoring and evaluation, decision-making, and strategic planning. However, traditional sources of local statistics, such as general censuses, administrative statistics, and national and local surveys, have limitations. This has led to the development of several techniques for estimating parameters over small areas. In this article, we use both spatial and non-spatial estimators for small domains to estimate the local employment rate of women in Algeria. We find that the empirical spatial estimator is the most appropriate and efficient estimator as more spatial correlations are considered. We also find that an approach based on the combination of spatial and non-spatial small area estimators is very beneficial because it allows for obtaining efficient estimates with lower Root Mean Squared Errors (RMSEs). This finding is significant for Algeria and similar countries, where traditional sources of local statistics are limited. The combination of spatial and non-spatial estimators can provide more accurate and reliable estimates of local statistics, which can be used to inform public policy and decision-making.