bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac neural crest in zebrafish embryos contributes to myocardial cell lineage and early heart function
Authors: Li Yin‐Xiong , Zdanowicz Marzena , Young Lori , Kumiski Donna , Leatherbury Linda , Kirby Margaret L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMyocardial dysfunction is evident within hours after ablation of the cardiac neural crest in chick embryos, suggesting a role for neural crest in myocardial maturation that is separate from its role in outflow septation. This role could be conserved in an animal that does not have a divided systemic and pulmonary circulation, such as zebrafish. To test this hypothesis, we used cell marking to identify the axial level of neural crest that migrates to the heart in zebrafish embryos. Unlike the chick and mouse, the zebrafish cardiac neural crest does not originate from the axial level of the somites. The region of neural crest cranial to somite 1 was found to contribute cells to the heart. Cells from the cardiac neural crest migrated to the myocardial wall of the heart tube, where some of them expressed a myocardial phenotype. Laser ablation of the cardiac premigratory neural crest at the three‐ to four‐somite stage resulted in loss of the neural crest cells migrating to the heart as shown by the absence of AP2‐ and HNK1‐expressing cells and failure of the heart tube to undergo looping. Myocardial function was assessed 24 hr after the cardiac neural crest ablation in a subpopulation of embryos with normal heart rate. Decreased stroke volume, ejection fraction, and cardiac output were observed, indicating a more severe functional deficit in cardiac neural crest‐ablated zebrafish embryos compared with neural crest–ablated chick embryos. These results suggest a new role for cardiac neural crest cells in vertebrate cardiac development and are the first report of a myocardial cell lineage for neural crest derivatives. Developmental Dynamics 226:000–000, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of exposure with response prevention in cognitive–behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa: Three‐year follow‐up results
Authors: Carter Frances A. , McIntosh Virginia V. W. , Joyce Peter R. , Sullivan Patrick F. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have not reported the longer‐term outcome of exposure‐based treatments for bulimia nervosa. The current study evaluated the 3‐year outcome of a randomized clinical trial that compared the additive efficacy of exposure‐based versus nonexposure‐based behavioral treatments (BT) with a core of cognitive–behavior therapy (CBT).MethodsOne hundred thirteen women participated in the original treatment trial and attended a 3‐year follow‐up assessment. Eating disorder diagnoses and primary, secondary, and tertiary outcome measures were assessed. The impact of treatment completion on symptomatology and the stability of treatment effects over time were evaluated.ResultsAt the 3‐year follow‐up, 85% of the sample had no current diagnosis of bulimia nervosa and 69% had no current eating disorder diagnoses of any sort. Failure to complete CBT was associated with inferior outcome. No clear advantages were evident for participants who completed BT in addition to CBT. For subjects who did complete both CBT and BT, outcome was mostly stable from posttreatment to follow‐up. No differential effects were found for exposure versus nonexposure‐based treatments at 3‐year follow‐up.DiscussionThe results of the current study compare favorably with other treatment outcome studies for bulimia nervosa and suggest that treatment gains are maintained after 3 years. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 127–135, 2003.
Perfectionism in anorexia nervosa: A 6–24‐month follow‐up study
Authors: Sutandar‐Pinnock Kalam , Blake Woodside D. , Carter Jacqueline C. , Olmsted Marion P. , Kaplan Allan S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the relationship between perfectionism and outcome in anorexia nervosa (AN). MethodSeventy‐three patients received inpatient treatment for AN. Participants completed the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) at admission to (n = 55), at discharge (n = 27), and at a median of 15.9 months (n = 49) after inpatient treatment. At follow‐up, participants also completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) and their scores were compared with those of healthy controls.ResultsEDI Perfectionism was associated with illness status. A lower EDI Perfectionism score at admission was associated with a better response to treatment, which was subsequently associated with better outcome at follow‐up. Both the good and poor outcome groups had significantly higher MPS total perfectionism scores than healthy controls.DiscussionThe EDI measures an aspect of perfectionism that is sensitive to illness status, whereas the MPS is less dependent on clinical state and may reflect a common personality trait that persists with remission of disease. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 225–229, 2003.
Respiratory muscle weakness and anorexia nervosa
Authors: Birmingham C. Laird , Tan Adrienne O. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundNutritional recovery in anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with improved exercise tolerance.MethodWe describe the investigation of a male with AN. Despite nutritional recovery, he complained of impaired exercise tolerance.ResultsRespiratory muscle weakness was demonstrated as the cause of the impaired exercise tolerance.DiscussionWeakness of the muscles of respiration results from prolonged malnutrition. The diaphragmatic muscle may be slower to recover than other muscles. This can cause impaired exercise tolerance due to shortness of breath on exertion, despite nutritional recovery. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 230–233, 2003.
Conformity and dietary disinhibition: A test of the ego‐strength model of self‐regulation
Authors: Kahan Dana , Polivy Janet , Herman C. Peter 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveEgo‐strength depletion was examined as an explanation for dietary disinhibition in restrained eaters. We predicted that the depletion of ego strength resulting from having to choose whether to conform would undermine dietary restraint.MethodParticipants completed an Asch‐type conformity task, after which they completed a taste‐rating task in which food intake was measured.ResultsAs predicted, restrained eaters who repeatedly exercised choice ate significantly more than did restrained eaters who did not exercise choice.DiscussionAn ego‐strength model of dietary restraint is discussed. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 165–171, 2003.
Determination of cost‐effective preventive maintenance schedule for a telecommunication software system
Authors: Dohi Tadashi , Kaio Naoto , Osaki Shunji 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper considers a telecommunication software system and discusses a stochastic model to determine the optimal software rejuvenation schedule based on the cost‐effectiveness. The stochastic behavior of the system under consideration is described by using a semi‐Markov process, and the optimal rejuvenation schedule that maximizes the cost‐effectiveness is derived. In addition, a non‐parametric statistical algorithm for estimating the optimal rejuvenation schedule when the system fault data are given is discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(7): 41–50, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10041
Toll‐like receptor 4 expression levels determine the degree of LPS‐susceptibility in mice
Authors: Kalis Christoph , Kanzler Benoit , Lembo Annalisa , Poltorak Alexander , Galanos Chris , Freudenberg Marina A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractC57BL/10ScCr (Cr) mice carry a deletion of the Toll‐like receptor 4 (tlr4) gene (i.e. they are tlr40/0) and are thus refractory to LPS effects. Insertion of wild‐type tlr4 transgene into the tlr40/0 Cr germ line endowed LPS susceptibility in the two transgenic lines created, indicating that TLR4 is the only limiting factor for LPS responsiveness in Cr mice. The absolute levels of tlr4 mRNA expressed by the heterozygous transgenic (tlr4Tr/0), wild‐type C57BL/10ScSn (Sn) (tlr4+/+) and heterozygous F1 (Sn × Cr) (tlr4+/0) mice varied markedly. However, the pattern of distribution of expression in the different organs was the same in all strains. In different biological assays (B cell mitogenicity, cytokine induction and lethal toxicity) the degree of LPS response obtained in the different strains of mice correlated with the levels of tlr4 mRNA expression. In macrophages, investigation of the LPS‐induced cytokine (IL‐6) response revealed a linear relationship between the response and the logarithm of TLR4–MD‐2 levels.
Requirement for Q226, but not multiple charged residues, in the class I MHC CD loop/D strand for TCR‐activated CD8 accessory function
Authors: Durairaj Micheal , Sharma Ranjana , Varghese Jay C. , Kane Kevin P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractActivation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes typically begins with recognition of class I MHC‐peptide complexes by the TCR and CD8 as a coreceptor. In its coreceptor role, CD8 binds thesame class I‐peptide antigen complex as the TCR, enhancing the strength of TCR‐class I interaction. Subsequent to initial TCR engagement, CD8 acts as an accessory molecule by binding any properly conformed class I molecules on the target cell surface, leading to CD8‐mediated adhesion and cosignaling functions. We expressed and isolated a number of mutant class I molecules in which one or moreacidic or polar residues in the class I α3 domain CD loop and D strand region, or α2 domain were altered. Using solid phase CTL adhesion and degranulation assays with isolated class I molecules, we demonstrate that multiple acidic residues in the α3 domain, although involved in CD8 coreceptor interaction, are not required for TCR‐activated CD8 accessory interactions. Instead, we show that Q226, a polar group on the end of the CD loop, is required for TCR‐activated CD8 accessory functions. These results indicate that CD8 coreceptor and accessory interactions differ substantially and suggest that TCR activation results in changes that alter the structural constraints for CD8 accessory interactions.
Alefacept selectively promotes NK cell‐mediated deletion of CD45R0+ human T cells
Authors: Cooper Joanne C. , Morgan Geoffrey , Harding Susanne , Subramanyam Meena , Majeau Gerard R. , Moulder Kevin , Alexander Denis R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractModulation of the immune response using immunoglobulin fusion proteins has shown great promise for clinical immunotherapy of autoimmune diseases. Alefacept is an immunoglobulin fusion protein composed of the first extracellular domain of human LFA‐3 fused to the hinge, CH2 and CH3 domains of human IgG1. Alefacept has previously been reported to inhibit T cell proliferation. Here, we analyzed the effects of alefacept on lymphocytes in vitro and characterized the role of autologous NK cells in its mechanism of action. Alefacept, but not a CH2 binding mutant of Alefacept, inhibited CD3‐induced T cell proliferation only in the presence of live NK cells, consistent with an important role for FcγR engagement. Alefacept caused preferential depletion of CD69+CD45R0+CD25+ T cell subsets. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that alefacept, but not the CH2 binding mutant, induced NK cell‐mediated death of activated T cells and sorting into CD45R0+ and CD45RA+ subpopulations showed that lymphocyte deletion occurred preferentially in the CD45R0+ subset. Activated CD45R0+ cells expressed higher levels of CD2 than CD45R0– cells, providing a possible explanation for the selective targeting of this subset. Our results suggest that selective targeting of CD45R0+ T cells by NK cells represents a potential therapeutic mechanism of action of alefacept.
Artificial‐infection protocols allow immunodetection of novel Borrelia burgdorferi antigens suitable as vaccine candidates against Lyme disease
Authors: Wallich Reinhard , Jahraus Oliver , Stehle Thomas , Tran Thi Thanh Thao , Brenner Christiane , Hofmann Heidelore , Gern Lise , Simon Markus M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractVaccination with recombinant outer surface protein A (OspA) from Borrelia burgdorferi provides excellent antibody‐mediated protection against challenge with the pathogen in animal models and in humans. However, the bactericidal antibodies are ineffective in the reservoir host, since OspA is expressed by spirochetes only in the vector, but rarely, if at all, in mammals. Using an artificially generated immune serum (anti‐108 spirochetes) with high protective potential for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment, we have now isolated from an expression library of B. burgdorferi (strain ZS7) three novel genes, zs7.a36, zs7.a66 and zs7.a68. All three genes are located, together with ospA/B, on the linear plasmid lp54, and are expressed in vitro and in ticks. At least temporarily two of them, ZS7.A36 and ZS7.A66, are also expressed during infection. The respective natural antigens are poorly immunogenic ininfected normal mice but elicited antibodies in Lyme disease patients. We show that recombinant preparations of ZS7.A36, ZS7.A66 and ZS7.A68 induce functional antibodies in rabbits capable of protecting immunodeficient mice against subsequent experimental infection. These findings suggest that all three recombinant antigens represent potential candidates for a ‘second generation’ vaccine to prevent and/or cure Lyme disease.
Dominant effector memory characteristics, capacity for dynamic adaptive expansion, and sex bias in the innate Vα24 NKT cell compartment
Authors: Sandberg Johan K. , Bhardwaj Nina , Nixon Douglas F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractVα24 natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate immune cells that recognize self and nonself glycolipids presented by CD1d molecules, and play immunoregulatory roles in autoimmunity and tumorimmunity. We have investigated the circulating Vα24 NKT cells in a large cohort of human subjects. CCR7– CD45RO+ effector memory cells dominated both CD4+ and CD4 NKT subsets, while a minority displayed a central memory phenotype. CD4– central memory NKT cells, however, were atypical in that they largely lacked CD62L expression. Overall, CD4– NKT cells displayed a functional phenotype with effector characteristics, while the CD4+ subset appeared immunoregulatory. Interestingly, NKT cell numbers in blood varied widely between subjects, and elevated numbers of these cells were much more common in women than in men. The CD4+ subset dominated the NKT cell compartment in both sexes, while circulating NKT cell numbers above 0.1% were associated with an expanded CD4– subset. Although NKT cell numbers were generally stable over time, we describe a dynamic fivefold expansion that was associated with a skewing of the NKT CD4+:CD4– ratio that persisted after numbers returned to base line. Thus, the two NKT cell subsets display different properties and dynamics that will influence theirfunction as innate immunoregulatory and effector cells.
Metal‐Assisted Hybridization of Oligonucleotides, Evaluation of Circular 2′‐O‐Me RNA as Ligands for the TAR RNA Target
Authors: Zapata Laurence , Bathany Katell , Schmitter Jean‐Marie , Moreau Serge 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwo complementary oligonucleotides were conjugated with terpyridine ligands at their nearby 5′‐ and 3′‐ends. Addition of a stoichiometric amount of a transition metal (Zn2+, Fe2+) resulted in a large increase in the melting temperature of the duplex. The conjugation of TPY to stem‐loop oligomers provided an efficient procedure for the cyclisation of the oligomer after the addition of metal ions. Such a short stem‐loop oligomer was designed to target the HIV‐1 TAR RNA through loop−loop interactions. The addition of Zn2+ ions yielded a good ligand (Kd = 30 nM) for this RNA structural element. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Structural Determination of the O‐Specific Chain of the Lipopolysaccharide Fraction from the Alkaliphilic Bacterium Halomonas magadii Strain 21 MI
Authors: de Castro Cristina , Molinaro Antonio , Wallace Andrew , Grant William D. , Parrilli Michelangelo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe complete structure of one of the O‐specific polysaccharide components from the soda lake bacterium Halomonas magadii is described. The structural determination, which was achieved by chemical, spectroscopic, and computational analysis, indicates a novel trisaccharide repeating unit made up of glucose and two units of 2‐acetamido‐2‐deoxy‐guluronic acid: ⇄4)‐α‐L‐GulpNAcA‐(1⇄6)‐α‐D‐Glcp‐(1⇄4)‐α‐L‐GulpNAcA‐(1⇄ (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Tandem Olefin Migration/Aldol and Mannich‐Type Reactions in Water and Protic Solvents
Authors: Wang Mingwen , Yang Xiao‐Fan , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCross‐coupling between 3‐buten‐2‐ol (2) and aldehyde in the presence of a catalytic amount of [RuCl2(PPh3)3] has been developed, through a tandem olefin migration/aldol reaction in a water/toluene mixture. The presence of In(OAc)3 promoted the aldol reaction with α‐vinylbenzyl alcohol (4) and aldehyde, while treatment of 3‐buten‐2‐ol (2) with imines generated Mannich‐type reaction products; syn isomers were formed as the major diastereomers for the aldol products 3a−3g and 5a−5e and the Mannich products 7a−7g. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Synthesis of 1,3‐Difunctionalized Cyclopentenes and 1,3,5‐Trifunctionalized Cyclohexanes by Silicon‐Induced Domino Reactions
Authors: Tries Frank , Schaumann Ernst 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA novel domino process based on a 1,4‐C⇄O shift of a silyl group (4 ⇄ 3) and a Michael‐induced ring‐closure reaction (3 ⇄ 2) is investigated. Specifically, attack of carbanions 5 on vinyloxiranes 6 usually occurs on the oxirane unit to give the desired silyl shift. When starting from vinyloxiranes 6a and 6b, however, the reaction stops at this stage to give silyl ethers 7. Sulfur (6c) or silicon activation (6d−f) of the C=C unit is required to yield cyclopentenes 1a−d. Analogously, carbanion 5a and allyloxiranes 15 give cyclization products 19−22, particularly if the ring‐closure step is supported by silicon substitution. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
The Influence of Heteroatoms on the Extent of Double Bond Pyramidalization
Authors: Can Hatice , Zahn Dirk , Balci Metin , Brickmann Jürgen 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe origin of double bond pyramidalization in the series of norbornene and norbornadiene derivatives and the effect of heteroatoms on the magnitude of the double bond bending are reported. For this purpose, equilibrium geometries, vibrational frequencies, and NBO second‐order perturbation energies were calculated by use of B3LYP/6‐31G** level wave functions. The optimized geometric parameters calculated for norbornadiene are in good agreement with the available experimental results. NBO second‐order perturbation analysis has been used to evaluate the effect of hyperconjugative interactions on double bond pyramidalization. In the second part of this study, the interaction of singlet oxygen with 4,5‐dioxatetracyclo[6.6.1.02,7.09,14]pentadeca‐2(7),9,11,13‐tetraene (15) and 4,5,15‐trioxatetracyclo[6.6.1.02,7.09,14]pentadeca‐2(7),9,11,13‐tetraene (16) has been studied at the B3LYP/6‐31G** level. In the case of addition of singlet oxygen to 15, 4,5,16‐trioxapentacyclo[6.6.1.12,7.02,7.09,14]hexadeca‐9,11,13‐triene (17) is produced. It was found that the reaction of singlet oxygen addition to the double bond in 16 does not occur. The degree of pyramidalization in this molecule is similar to the analog 12 {4,5,11‐trioxatricyclo[6.2.1.02,7]undeca‐2(7),9‐diene}, in which singlet oxygen addition takes place. The reasons of the lack of chemical reactivity with singlet oxygen in 16 are discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Multiculturalism and acculturation: views of Dutch and Turkish–Dutch
Authors: Arends‐Tóth Judit , Vijver Fons J. R. Van De 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe psychological component of immigration in the Netherlands was studied by comparing views on multiculturalism and acculturation orientation of Turkish migrants between Dutch majority (N=1565) and Turkish–Dutch minority (N=185) members. Multiculturalism was measured with an adaptation of the Multicultural Ideology Scale (Berry & Kalin, 1995); acculturation orientation was investigated in different domains of life. The results revealed that Dutch on average had a neutral attitude towards multiculturalism in the Netherlands while Turkish–Dutch showed a more positive attitude. Regarding the acculturation strategies, Dutch adults preferred assimilation above integration of Turkish migrants in all life domains. Turkish–Dutch adults made a distinction in public and private domains: integration was preferred in public domains, and separation in private domains. In public domains both cultural groups agreed that Turkish migrants should adapt to the Dutch culture. In private domains there was no agreement at all in the views of Dutch and Turkish–Dutch. These results suggest that the views on acculturation and multiculturalism differ substantially for majority and minority group members. Implications are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capillary electrophoresis of proteins in dextran‐coated columns
Authors: Zhang Jian , Horváth Csaba 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA simple coating technique by using uncross‐linked dextran has been developed for fused‐silica capillaries to be used in capillary electrophoresis of basic proteins. The capillaries were first silanized with a heterobifunctional silane (γ‐aminopropyltriethoxylsilane), which served as a coupling agent between the capillary inner wall and the polysaccharide coating. Dextran of high molecular mass (about 70 kDa) was activated with 1,1'‐carbonyldiimidazole. Then the activated dextran was coupled to the primary amino groups that were anchored onto the inner wall of the silanized capillaries. The residual reactive groups on the dextran were further substituted by neutral functions in a coupling reaction with excess ethanolamine. By using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) rather than aqueous buffer as the reaction medium, the extent of substitution was improved by minimizing the residual reactive groups at the surface. Since they are ionogenic, the electrosmotic flow in the system is relatively low. The chemically bound dextran coating showed good reproducibility and stability. In electrophoretic experiments basic proteins were separated with high efficiency by use of the dextran‐coated fused‐silica capillary columns. The main advantage of the method described here is that both polysaccharide activation and amine‐coupling reactions were carried out under mild conditions at room temperature without catalysts. For this reason, the method is recommended to coat the inner wall of microfluidic separation channels which would not tolerate a harsh treatment.