bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae YFR021w/YGR223c/YPL100w ORF family suggests relations to mitochondrial/peroxisomal functions and amino acid signalling pathways
Authors: Georgakopoulos Tassos , Koutroubas George , Vakonakis Ioannis , Tzermia Maria , Prokova Vassiliki , Voutsina Alexandra , Alexandraki Despina 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae YFR021w, YGR223c and YPL100w are paralogous ORFs of unknown function. Phenotypic analysis of overexpression, single‐, double‐ and triple‐ORF deletion strains under various growth conditions indicated mitochondria‐related functions for all three ORFs. Two‐hybrid screens of a yeast genomic library identified potentially interacting proteins for the three ORFs. Among these, the transcriptional activator Rtg3p interacted with both Yfr021wp and Ypl100wp and both ORF single deletions reduced the constitutive expression of the RTG‐regulated CIT2 and DLD3 genes and caused typical retrograde response of CIT2 and DLD3 under growth conditions requiring functional mitochondria, indicating that YFR021w and YPL100w are also involved in unidentified mitochondrial functions. Ptr3p, a component of the amino acid sensor Ssy1p/Ptr3p, was also found as a two‐hybrid interactant of Yfr021wp. Of the three single‐ORF deletions, ypl100wΔ exhibited ptr3Δ‐similar phenotypes. These findings, combined with the fact that RTG‐dependent expression is modulated by specific amino acids, suggested possible relations of Yfr021wp and Ypl100wp to amino acid signalling pathways. Under most conditions examined, the effects of the single‐ and double‐ORF deletions indicated that YFR021w, YPL100w and YGR223c are not parts of the same pathway. We found no unique phenotype attributed to the deletion of YGR223c. However, its function interferes with the function of the other two ORFs, as revealed by the effects of double‐ and triple‐ORF deletions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The mei3 region of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome
Authors: Aves Stephen J. , Hunt Cherryl , Xiang Zheng , Lyne Michael H. , Wood Valerie , Rajandream Marie‐Adèle , Skelton Jason , Churcher Carol M. , Warren Timothy , Harris David , Gwilliam Rhian , Barrell Barclay G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExpression of the mei3 gene is sufficient to induce meiosis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The mei3 gene is located 0.64 Mb from the telomere of the left arm of Sz. pombe chromosome II. We have sequenced and analysed 107 kb of DNA from the mei3 genomic region. The sequence includes 14 known genes (bag1‐B, csh3, dps1, gpt1, mei3, mfm3, pac1, prp31, rpl38‐1, rpn3, rti1, spa1, spm1 and ubc4) and 26 other open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 100 codons: a density of one protein‐coding gene per 2.7 kb. Twenty‐one of the 40 ORFs (53%) have introns. In addition there is one lone Tf1 transposon long terminal repeat (LTR), tRNATrp and tRNASer genes and a 5S rRNA gene. 14 of the novel ORFs show sequence similarities which suggest functions of their products, including a coatomer α‐subunit, a catechol O‐methyltransferase, protein kinase, asparagine synthetase, zinc metalloprotease, acetyltransferase, phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinase, inositol polyphosphate phosphatase, GTPase‐activating protein, permease, pre‐mRNA splicing factor, 20S proteasome component and a thioredoxin‐like protein. One predicted protein has similarity to the human Cockayne syndrome protein CSA and one with human GTPase XPA binding protein XAB1. Three ORFs are likely to code for proteins because they have sequence similarity with hypothetical proteins, three encode predicted coiled‐coil proteins and four are sequence orphans. The sequence is derived from cosmid clones c4664, c119 and c557 and has been submitted to the EMBL database under Accession Nos AL591302, AL022117, AL110506 and AL023634 (part). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relative effects of mutation accumulation versus inbreeding depression on fitness in experimental populations of the housefly
Authors: Reed David H. , Bryant Edwin H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLoss of fitness due to inbreeding depression in small captive populations of endangered species is widely appreciated. Populations of all sizes may also experience loss in fitness when environmental conditions are ameliorated because deleterious alleles may be rendered neutral and accumulate rapidly. Few data exist, however, to demonstrate loss in fitness due to relaxed selection. Loss of fitness in life‐history traits were compared between LARGE (Ne ≥ 500) and SMALL (Ne = 50) populations of the housefly Musca domestica L that were subjected to curtailed life span at 21 days to remove selection on late‐acting deleterious alleles. During the early part of the life history (≤21 days), the rate of decline in fecundity and progeny production over 24 generations was greater in the small (1.5%) than in the large populations
<0.2%), but rate of loss in late‐life fecundity and progeny production (>21 days) was equivalent across populations, consistent with neutral theory, and amounted to 1.7% per generation. This rate of loss due to relaxed selection was equivalent to the rate of loss due to inbreeding in populations with an effective size of 50 individuals. Even if captive populations are kept large to avoid inbreeding, breeding them in benign environments where the forces of natural selection are curtailed may jeopardize the capability of these populations to exist in natural environments within few generations. Zoo Biol 20:145–156, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of Exogenous Fat Emulsion on Pulmonary Gas Exchangeafter Major Surgery
Authors: Sane Souji , Baba Masamichi , Kusano Chikara , Shirao Kazusada , Yamada Haruhiko , Aikou Takashi 
Published: August 2002

The use of fat emulsion in totalparenteral nutrition (TPN) is closely related to changes in respiratoryfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence ofexogenous fat emulsion on pulmonary gas exchange in the early periodafter major surgery. Total parenteral nutrition was administered to 18patients for 6 days after esophagectomy for carcinoma. Half of thepatients received glucose (glucose group), and the other half receivedglucose and fat (fat group). The fat emulsion was continuously infusedfor 24 hours over 6 days. Glucose utilization was significantly higherin the glucose group than in the fat group. Fat utilization wassignificantly higher in the fat group than in the glucose group. Carbondioxide (CO2) production and respiratory quotient weresignificantly decreased in the fat group compared to the glucose group.There were no differences in the pulmonary vascular resistance index oralveolar–arterial difference in oxygen tension between the two groups.Although exogenous fat emulsion utilized as energy substrate decreasesCO2 production after major surgery, it does not clinicallyinfluence the pulmonary hemodynamics or diffusion capacity.
Small Bowel Intussusception in Symptomatic Pediatric Patients: Experiences with 19 Surgically Proven Cases
Authors: Ko Sheung‐Fat , Lee Tze‐Yu , Ng Shu‐Hang , Wan Yung‐Liang , Chen Min‐Chi , Tiao Mao‐Meng , Liang Chi‐Di , Shieh Chie‐Song , Chuang Jiin‐Haur 
Published: August 2002

Nineteen cases of surgically proven symptomatic pediatric small bowel intussusceptions (SBI) were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical presentations included vomiting
(89.5%), abdominal pain and/or irritable crying (89.5%), fever
(52.6%), bloody stools (26.3%), palpable abdominal masses (15.8%),
hematemesis (10.5%), jaundice (5.3%), and seizures (5.3%). The duration between symptom onset and hospitalization ranged between 20
and 336 hours (average 75.8 hours). Two patients with suspected appendicitis and small bowel obstruction were operated on promptly.
Sonograms revealed target lesions (average diameter 2.9 cm) suggestive of intussusception in 13 out of 17 patients, with 10 lesions located in the paraumbilical or left abdominal regions. Barium enemas in 12 of these 13 patients demonstrated no colonic lesions. Diagnosis and surgery were delayed in 16 patients (average delay = 32 hours).
The remaining 1 patient with positive sonographic findings underwent early surgery after computed tomographic (CT) confirmation of SBI.
Surgery revealed ileoileal intussusceptions in 11 patients,
jejunojejunal in 4, jejunoileal in 3, and duodenojejunal in 1. Eight patients had lead points. Bowel complications (ischemia, necrosis, or perforation) occurred in 8 patients. The duration between symptom onset and surgery in patients with bowel complications was significantly longer than for patients without complications (p =
0.0026). In conclusion, delayed diagnosis and surgical treatment in symptomatic pediatric patients with SBI were common, leading to a high rate (42%) of bowel complications. Sonographic demonstration of a 2–3
cm target lesion, especially if paraumbilical or left abdominal, is suggestive of SBI and may obviate the need for a barium enema; however,
CT is helpful for confirming SBI. In symptomatic SBI, once diagnosed,
early surgical referral is strongly recommended.
Blood Purification for Prevention and Treatment of Multiple Organ Failure
Authors: Hirasawa Hiroyuki , Sugai Takao , Ohtake Yoshio , Oda Shigetoshi , Matsuda Kenichi , Kitamura Nobuya 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBlood purification has been applied conventionally as an artificial kidney or artificial liver in the management of patients with multiple organ failure (MOF), and most blood purifications have been performed intermittently. Recent advances in medical engineering made it possible to perform such blood purifications continuously (i.e., 24 hours a day, 7 days a week if necessary) even in critically ill patients. This modality is referred to as continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) or continuous blood purification (CBP). Among many kinds of CBP, continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) is most useful for management of MOF, as it can be performed without serious or hazardous side effects, and improvement can be expected with it. Recently, CHDF and polymyxin B immobilized endotoxin adsorption columns were used for the prevention or treatment of MOF, with the expectation that such therapy can be effective as a countermeasure against the pathophysiologic causes of MOF. Our data and that of others clearly indicate that continuous blood purification, such as with CHDF and endotoxin adsorption, can remove or decrease the blood levels of humoral mediators, including proinflammatory cytokines, and can improve tissue oxygenation, especially oxygen consumption (VO2) among critically ill patients including those with MOF. Blood purification is also useful in the careful management of fluid, electrolytes, and acid‐base balance and for the removal of metabolic wastes. Blood purification is now considered to be one of the basic therapeutic tools of critical care, equal to nutritional support with total parenteral nutrition and respiratory support without a ventilator.
Operative Experience of U.S. General Surgery Residents with Diseases of the Adrenal Glands, Endocrine Pancreas, and Other Less Common Endocrine Organs
Authors: Harness Jay K. , Organ Claude H. , Thompson Norman W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine if the experience of general surgery residents is adequate and effective. The Resident Statistic Summaries (Report C) of the Residence Review Committee (Surgery) for eight academic years from 1986 to 1994 were analyzed. The main outcome measurements were total number of residents and programs, average number of operations performed, maximum number of operations performed, standard deviation, and the most common number of operations performed. For adrenalectomy, the average per resident was 0.98. The maximum range was from 7 to 15. The standard deviations ranged from 1.12 to 2.00. For pancreatic endocrine operations the average per resident was 0.15 with maximums of 3 to 10. For other endocrine procedures (nonthyroid and nonparathyroid) the average per resident was 0.14, with the maximums ranging from 7 to 19. The most common number of any of these procedures performed by U.S. graduates was 0. The number of adrenal, endocrine pancreas, and other less common endocrine procedures available for graduates of U.S. residency training programs is limited. As a consequence, most U.S. resident graduates have little or no experience with any of these procedures. Our findings suggest a strong need for fellowship training for any surgeon hoping to develop expertise in the management of these unusual and infrequent endocrine surgical diseases.
Microwave Coagulonecrotic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yamanaka Naoki , Tanaka Tsuneo , Oriyama Takeshi , Furukawa Kazutaka , Tanaka Wataru , Okamoto Eizo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe present study reports on the usefulness of microwave coagulonecrotic therapy (MCT) as a treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with poor hepatic reserve. From June 1992 to March 1995, MCT using a microwave electrode was employed on 8 patients using laparoscopic control and 19 with the open method, and wedge resection (Hx) was applied to the 23 patients. All patients had HCC with poor hepatic reserve. Radiation output was 100 watts with a mean radiation duration of about 30 minutes. The severity of liver dysfunction and the regional characteristics of the tumor (tumor size, multiplicity, portal invasion, tumor depth) were comparable between the MCT and Hx groups. The operative time was significantly shorter for the MCT group than the Hx group. The mean blood loss was 1570 ml in the Hx group but negligible in the MCT group. There was no operative mortality in the MCT group in contrast to 4.3% (1 of 23) in the Hx group. Complications were observed in 11.1% (3 of 27) and 34.8% (8 of 23), respectively, for the MCT and Hx groups. The postoperative total bilirubin had lower values and the start of diet was earlier in the MCT group than the Hx group. The 3‐year crude and disease‐free survival rates were 86% and 44%, respectively, for patients who underwent MCT, which were comparable to 75% and 14% for those with Hx. MCT can achieve long‐term results equivalent to those obtained by wedge resections, but it is less invasive and technically easier. Therefore it can be an alternative option in place of limited resection for HCC with poor hepatic reserve.
Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch
Authors: Marceau P. , Hould F.‐S. , Simard S. , Lebel S. , Bourque R.‐A. , Potvin M. , Biron S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn 1990 Scopinaro's technique of biliopancreatic diversion with distal gastrectomy (DG) and gastroileostomy was modified. A sleeve gastrectomy with duodenal switch (DS) was used instead of the distal gastrectomy; and the length of the common channel was made 100 cm instead of 50 cm. A questionnaire and a prescription for blood work were sent to 252 patients who underwent DG a mean 8.3 years ago (range 6–13 years) and 465 patients who underwent DS 4.1 years ago (range 1.7–6.0 years). The questionnaire response rate was 93%, and laboratory work was completed for 65% of both groups. The mean weight loss after DG was 37 ± 21 kg and after DS 46 ± 20 kg. There were fewer side effects after DS: The number of daily stools was lower (p < 0.0002), as was the prevalence of diarrhea (p < 0.01), vomiting (p < 0.001), and bone pain (p < 0.001). Greater benefits related to several aspects of life were reported after DS than DG (p < 0.0001). The mean serum levels of ferritin, calcium, and vitamin A were higher (p < 0.001), and parathyroid hormone was lower. The yearly revision rate for excessive malabsorption was 1.7% per year after DG and 0.1% per year after DS. The two procedures were equally efficient for treating co‐morbid conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Biliopancreatic diversion with sleeve gastrectomy/duodenal switch and a 100‐cm common limb was shown to produce greater weight loss with fewer side effects.
Hypomagnesemia in Trauma Patients
Authors: Frankel Heidi , Haskell Robin , Lee Sun Yong , Miller David , Rotondo Michael , Schwab C. William 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of hypomagnesemia in injured patients (versus a general hospital cohort) and to compare total and ionized values with each other and with the incidence of injury severity and ethanol level. It was a descriptive study of consecutive injured patients at a level II trauma center. For 3 months subjects underwent admission paired analysis of blood total magnesium (TMg) and ionized magnesium (IMg). IMg was determined by microanalysis of whole blood (Nova Biomedical, NovaSP9). During the same time period, all hospital samples for TMg (m= 1308) underwent simultaneous IMg testing. Pearson correlation coefficients were determined for IMg versus TMg, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Trauma Score (TS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and blood units transfused. By convention, hypomagnesemia was defined as TMg ≤ 1.6 mg/dl and IMg ≤ 0.5 mg/dl. Altogether 43% of 113 trauma patients had low magnesium levels compared to 30% of noninjured cohorts (p < 0.05). The correlation coefficient (r2) for TMg and IMg was 0.74 for TMg values > 1.6, but for TMg ≤ 1.6 the r2 was 0.35. Coefficients for IMg and ISS, TS, GCS, units transfused, and ethanol level were 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.04, and 0.01, respectively. Mean IMg was 0.57 ± 0.09 mg/dl with ethanol ingestion and 0.56 ± 0.06 mg/dl without ethanol ingestion (mean ± SD, p > 0.05). It was concluded that hypomagnesia is common in injured patients but does not correlate with indices of injury severity or ethanol level. TMg is not a good predictor of IMg at low levels. Trauma patients may benefit from determination of IMg for accurate diagnosis of a low Mg level to facilitate repletion.
Value of Routine Computed Tomography in the Preoperative Assessment of Abdominal Aneurysm Replacement
Authors: Lamah Marc , Darke Simon 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.This study compares the findings of conventional computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) imaging in the preoperative evaluation of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). It also assesses the impact of preoperative CT‐derived information on operative strategy. A prospective study was conducted of 96 patients who were considered for aortic aneurysm surgery, and the operative notes and US and CT reports were analyzed to assess correlation of findings and influence of CT on operative tactics. Agreement between CT and US in sizing the aneurysm was generally good. CT was more accurate than US for defining the upper and lower extent of the aneurysm (75% and 83%, respectively, with CT, compared to 47% and 41% with US), although it had a high false positive rate (48%) for juxtarenal disease. Its advantage over US in regard to showing other intraabdominal pathology was only marginal, and it predicted an inflammatory reaction in only two of the five cases. Its influence on operative strategy was minimal: Of the 25 cases where a juxtarenal aneurysm was predicted by CT, only 2 patients did not have surgery as a result. CT is a relatively expensive and time‐consuming procedure, and its ionizing radiation, however small, and potential side effects from contrast material hypersensitivity cannot be ignored. In light of the above findings, we suggest that CT scanning need not be routinely employed in the preoperative workup of elective aortic aneurysm repair but should be used only in selected cases.
A general host–pathogen model with free–living infective stages and differing rates of uptake of the infective stages by infected and susceptible hosts
Authors: Boots Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn addition to their lethal effects, pathogens can cause a number of other debilitating effects on infected hosts. A population dynamical model of the interaction between an invertebrate host and a pathogen is constructed to examine the importance of one such debilitating effect on the host population dynamics. Specifically the feeding rate and therefore the uptake of pathogen free‐living infective particles by infected individuals is reduced as a consequence of the pathogen infection. The pathogen is more likely to regulate the host and the equilibrium population density of the host is reduced. Less intuitively there is also an increased chance of the pathogen causing cyclic population dynamics in the host.
Sternal Bone Biopsy in Standing Horses
Authors: Désévaux C. , Laverty S. , Doizé B 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To develop a technique for sternal bone biopsy in standing horses.Study Design—Experimental study.Animals—Five adult horses.Methods—Horses were restrained in a standing stocks and sedated. The sternal biopsy site, identified by ultrasonographic examination, was clipped and prepared for aseptic surgery and infiltrated with local anesthetic. An electric bone biopsy drill (Osteocore; Institut Straumann AG, CH‐4437, Waldenburg, Switzerland)), which yielded 4‐mm‐diameter bone specimens, was used to obtain sternal biopsies through a small skin incision. Sections (7 μm) of the bone specimens were stained with toluidine blue and Goldner's green trichrome and observed microscopically to determine suitability for histological and histomorphometric evaluation.Results—The most suitable sternal biopsy site was at the 4th or 5th sternebra. The surgical procedure was easy to perform and well tolerated by the horses, and adequate samples were obtained on the first attempt. The only complications were incisional edema in all horses and wound drainage in 1 horse.Conclusions—Sternal bone biopsy may be successfully performed in standing horses, and the technique described in this report yields architecturally intact bone specimens.Clinical Relevance—The sternum is an accessible site for cancellous bone biopsy specimens in standing horses.
Long‐Term Results of Bovine Mandibular Fractures Involving the Molar Teeth
Authors: Reif Ullrich , Lischer Christoph J. , Steiner Adrian , Flüuckiger Mark A. , Auer Jörg A. 
Published: August 2002

Objective— To evaluate postoperative complications and long‐term outcome of simple mandibular fractures involving the molar teeth in cattle.Animal Population— Seventeen cattle with mandibular fractures involving the molar teeth with disruption of the occlusal surface.Methods— Treatment consisted of application of AO/ASIF‐Pinless External Fixators (Synthes, Paoli, PA) in 14 cows, interdental wire stabilization in 1 cow, and conservative treatment in 2 cows. Long‐term outcome was determined by telephone contact with the owners, and whenever possible, cows were reevaluated by physical, intraoral, and radiographic examination of the fracture site.Results— Loosening of the fixation device (4 cattle) and bone sequestration (11 cattle) were the most commonly encountered complications. Oral incontinence during rumination was a minor complication in 1 cow. The mean (± SD) time the cattle were in production was 26 (± 14) months, with 10 cows still alive at follow‐up examination; 9 cows were reevaluated. On intraoral examination there was a step in the occlusal surface at the level of the healed fracture site in 3 cows, wave and shear mouth formation in 3 cows, and enamel point formation in 1 cow. Radiographically, all the reevaluated fractures had healed, and there were no signs of tooth root infection.Conclusions— Complications during healing were bone sequestration and loosening of the fixator. None of the cows was removed from production because of fracture‐associated complications, but decreased milk yield occurred in 2 cows. Tooth abnormalities developed in 6 cows, but function of the mandible was not altered.Clinical Relevance— Mandible fractures involving the molar teeth carry a good prognosis for return to normal function. Radiographic follow‐up is necessary to detect bone sequestration.