bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Targets of Valeric Acid: A Bioactive Natural Product for
Endocrine, Metabolic, and Immunological Disorders
Authors: Kumari Bindu , Kumari Usha , Singh Dhananjay Kumar , Husain Gulam Mohammed , Patel Dinesh Kumar , Shakya Anshul , Singh Ravi Bhushan , Modi Gyan Prakash , Singh Gireesh Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Backgrounds:
Postbiotics produced by gut microbiota have exhibited diverse pharmacological
activities. Valeric acid, a postbiotic material produced by gut microbiota and some
plant species like valerian, has been explored to have diverse pharmacological activities.

Methods:
This narrative review aims to summarise the beneficial role of valeric acid for different
health conditions along with its underlying mechanism. In order to get ample scientific evidence,
various databases like Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Google
were exhaustively explored to collect relevant information. Collected data were arranged and
analyzed to reach a meaningful conclusion regarding the bioactivity profiling of valeric acid, its
mechanism, and future prospects.

Results:
Valeric acid belongs to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) compounds like acetate, propionate,
butyrate, pentanoic (valeric) acid, and hexanoic (caproic) acid. Valeric acid has been
identified as one of the potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. In different preclinical in
-vitro and in-vivo studies, valeric acid has been found to have anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, antihypertensive,
anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activity and affects molecular pathways
of different diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and epilepsy.

Conclusion:
These findings highlight the role of valeric acid as a potential novel therapeutic
agent for endocrine, metabolic and immunity-related health conditions, and it must be tested
under clinical conditions to develop as a promising drug.
Mechanistic Insight into the Role of Peptides Secreted from Bacillus clausii
and Future Opportunities
Authors: Guleria Jyoti , Khan Minhaj Ahmad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Bacillus clausii is a commercial spore probiotic known to treat multiple diseases. An increased
interest in exploring the nutraceutical and probiotic properties of various microorganisms
has made researchers explore more about these bacteria. The current trends in the healthcare industry
are majorly focused on devising new therapies to avoid drug and pathogen resistance in patients.
Antimicrobial peptides have been considered a source of antibiotics for a long time. Still, getting
new therapies into the market is a big challenge. Members of the genus Bacillus have been reported
to have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial peptides. One of the least explored species under this genus
is Bacillus clausii, concerning peptide drug therapy. The applications of Bacillus clausii in
treating or preventing gut dysbiosis and respiratory infections have been largely supported in the
past two decades. Yet research is lacking in explaining the pathways at molecular levels in targeting
pathogens. In this mini-review, we are going to summarise the research that has been reported so far
about peptide extraction from Bacillus clausii, their mode of action and advantages to mankind, and
the challenges lying in the isolation of peptides.
Drugs Affecting Renin-Angiotensin System
Authors: Faruk Khan M. O. , Murphy Karrie 
Published: February 2024

This chapter presents a comprehensive account of the medicinal chemistry
of drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). It provides the mechanism of
drug action and details structure-activity relationships (SAR) of the drugs affecting
RAS to give the knowledge base for pharmacists. After studying this chapter, students
will be able to:
• Describe the historical background the RAS and drugs acting on this system.

• Explain RAS enzymes and hormones and their roles in blood pressure.

• Classify drugs acting on the RAS and their structures and binding.

• Discuss in detail the chemistry and SAR of the antagonists involved in RAS including
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers
(ARBs) and renin inhibitors.

• Delineate the clinical significance and therapeutic evaluations of these classes of
drugs by solving case studies.

• Explain the discovery process of ACEIs and ARBs.
Diuretics
Authors: Weldon David J. , Brooks Krista G. , Faruk Khan M. O. 
Published: February 2024

This chapter is a comprehensive account of the medicinal chemistry of
diuretic agents. It provides the mechanism of drug action and details the structure activity relationships (SAR) of these drugs to provide a knowledge base for
pharmacists. After studying this chapter, students will be able to:
• Identify the chemical classification to which a diuretic agent or therapeutic belongs
based on drug structure.
• Evaluate the chemical principles of different classes of diuretics.
• Compare and contrast the potency, onset, and duration of action of the diuretic agents.
• Identify chemical metabolites of the diuretics that increase the risk of nephron and
hepatotoxicity.
• Select an appropriate diuretic agent based on patient-specific symptoms of
hypertension or other problems.
• Rationalize the clinical application of all diuretic drug classes.
• Communicate the chemical rationale for a diuretic to health professionals.
• Delineate the clinical significance and therapeutic evaluations of these classes of
drugs by solving case studies.• Identify the discovery process of selected diuretic agents.
A Semantic Approach to Describe Social and Economic Characteristics That Impact Health Outcomes (Social Determinants of Health): Ontology Development Study
Authors: Dally Daniela , Amith Muhammad , Mauldin Rebecca L , Thomas Latisha , Dang Yifang , Tao Cui 
Published: February 2024

Background
Social determinants of health (SDoH) have been described by the World Health Organization as the conditions in which individuals are born, live, work, and age. These conditions can be grouped into 3 interrelated levels known as macrolevel (societal), mesolevel (community), and microlevel (individual) determinants. The scope of SDoH expands beyond the biomedical level, and there remains a need to connect other areas such as economics, public policy, and social factors.

Objective
Providing a computable artifact that can link health data to concepts involving the different levels of determinants may improve our understanding of the impact SDoH have on human populations. Modeling SDoH may help to reduce existing gaps in the literature through explicit links between the determinants and biological factors. This in turn can allow researchers and clinicians to make better sense of data and discover new knowledge through the use of semantic links.

Methods
An experimental ontology was developed to represent knowledge of the social and economic characteristics of SDoH. Information from 27 literature sources was analyzed to gather concepts and encoded using Web Ontology Language, version 2 (OWL2) and Protégé. Four evaluators independently reviewed the ontology axioms using natural language translation. The analyses from the evaluations and selected terminologies from the Basic Formal Ontology were used to create a revised ontology with a broad spectrum of knowledge concepts ranging from the macrolevel to the microlevel determinants.

Results
The literature search identified several topics of discussion for each determinant level. Publications for the macrolevel determinants centered around health policy, income inequality, welfare, and the environment. Articles relating to the mesolevel determinants discussed work, work conditions, psychosocial factors, socioeconomic position, outcomes, food, poverty, housing, and crime. Finally, sources found for the microlevel determinants examined gender, ethnicity, race, and behavior. Concepts were gathered from the literature and used to produce an ontology consisting of 383 classes, 109 object properties, and 748 logical axioms. A reasoning test revealed no inconsistent axioms.

Conclusions
This ontology models heterogeneous social and economic concepts to represent aspects of SDoH. The scope of SDoH is expansive, and although the ontology is broad, it is still in its early stages. To our current understanding, this ontology represents the first attempt to concentrate on knowledge concepts that are currently not covered by existing ontologies. Future direction will include further expanding the ontology to link with other biomedical ontologies, including alignment for granular semantics.
Linking Dementia Pathology and Alteration in Brain Activation to Complex Daily Functional Decline During the Preclinical Dementia Stages: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: De Sanctis Pierfilippo , Mahoney Jeannette R , Wagner Johanna , Blumen Helena M , Mowrey Wenzhu , Ayers Emmeline , Schneider Claudia , Orellana Natasha , Molholm Sophie , Verghese Joe 
Published: February 2024

Background
Progressive difficulty in performing everyday functional activities is a key diagnostic feature of dementia syndromes. However, not much is known about the neural signature of functional decline, particularly during the very early stages of dementia. Early intervention before overt impairment is observed offers the best hope of reducing the burdens of Alzheimer disease (AD) and other dementias. However, to justify early intervention, those at risk need to be detected earlier and more accurately. The decline in complex daily function (CdF) such as managing medications has been reported to precede impairment in basic activities of daily living (eg, eating and dressing).

Objective
Our goal is to establish the neural signature of decline in CdF during the preclinical dementia period.

Methods
Gait is central to many CdF and community-based activities. Hence, to elucidate the neural signature of CdF, we validated a novel electroencephalographic approach to measuring gait-related brain activation while participants perform complex gait-based functional tasks. We hypothesize that dementia-related pathology during the preclinical period activates a unique gait-related electroencephalographic (grEEG) pattern that predicts a subsequent decline in CdF.

Results
We provide preliminary findings showing that older adults reporting CdF limitations can be characterized by a unique gait-related neural signature: weaker sensorimotor and stronger motor control activation. This subsample also had smaller brain volume and white matter hyperintensities in regions affected early by dementia and engaged in less physical exercise. We propose a prospective observational cohort study in cognitively unimpaired older adults with and without subclinical AD (plasma amyloid-β) and vascular (white matter hyperintensities) pathologies. We aim to (1) establish the unique grEEG activation as the neural signature and predictor of decline in CdF during the preclinical dementia period; (2) determine associations between dementia-related pathologies and incidence of the neural signature of CdF; and (3) establish associations between a dementia risk factor, physical inactivity, and the neural signature of CdF.

Conclusions
By establishing the clinical relevance and biological basis of the neural signature of CdF decline, we aim to improve prediction during the preclinical stages of ADs and other dementias. Our approach has important research and translational implications because grEEG protocols are relatively inexpensive and portable, and predicting CdF decline may have real-world benefits.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/56726
The Impact of Upstreamness on Investment Quality in Multitier Supply Chains
Authors: Chen Jengfang , Eshleman John Daniel , Kim Sungsoo 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
In this study, we explore the negative impact of upstreamness on suppliers’ investment quality and management earnings’ forecast accuracy and investigate whether a shared auditor engaged by both a supplier and its major customers could mitigate these effects. Using a comprehensive dataset of multitier supply chains, we find that suppliers located further upstream tend to have lower investment efficiency and exhibit less accurate management earnings forecasts. However, our results also show that the presence of a shared auditor in the supplier-customer pair could alleviate these adverse impacts by enhancing the quality of information in the supply chain. Our findings shed light on the implications of upstreamness in the supply chain, such as reduced investment efficiency and increased management forecast errors and suggest a role for information quality in mitigating these consequences.
Data Availability: All data are available from public sources mentioned in the text.
Lifetime Duration of Breastfeeding and Cardiovascular Risk in Women With Type 2 Diabetes or a History of Gestational Diabetes: Findings From Two Large Prospective Cohorts
Authors: Birukov Anna , Guasch-Ferré Marta , Ley Sylvia H. , Tobias Deirdre K. , Wang Fenglei , Wittenbecher Clemens , Yang Jiaxi , Manson JoAnn E. , Chavarro Jorge E. , Hu Frank B. , Zhang Cuilin 
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE
Breastfeeding duration is inversely associated with risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes in parous women. However, the association among women at high risk, including women with type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unclear.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We included 15,146 parous women with type 2 diabetes from the Nurses’ Health Study I and II (NHS, NHS II) and 4,537 women with a history of GDM from NHS II. Participants reported history of breastfeeding via follow-up questionnaires. Incident CVD by 2017 comprised stroke or coronary heart disease (CHD) (myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization). Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox models.

RESULTS
We documented 1,159 incident CVD cases among women with type 2 diabetes in both cohorts during 188,874 person-years of follow-up and 132 incident CVD cases among women with a GDM history during 100,218 person-years of follow-up. Longer lifetime duration of breastfeeding was significantly associated with lower CVD risk among women with type 2 diabetes, with pooled aHR of 0.68 (95% CI 0.54–0.85) for &gt;18 months versus 0 months and 0.94 (0.91–0.98) per 6-month increment in breastfeeding. Similar associations were observed with CHD (pooled aHR 0.93 [0.88–0.97]) but not with stroke (0.96 [0.91–1.02]) per 6-month increment in breastfeeding. Among women with GDM history, &gt;18 months versus 0 months of breastfeeding was associated with an aHR of 0.49 (0.28–0.86) for total CVD.

CONCLUSIONS
Longer duration of breastfeeding was associated with lower risk of CVD in women with type 2 diabetes or GDM.
Implementasi Metode Reverse Geocoding pada Aplikasi Tracking Posisi
Authors: Sulistyo Eko , Bayu P M Irfan , Andini Fifi , Dwisaputra Indra 
Published: February 2024

Sistem tracking position atau pelacakan posisi adalah teknologi untuk menentukan posisi suatu objek, namun saat ini hanya digunakan untuk menentukan lokasi yang sudah diketahui dan belum dikembangkan untuk melacak objek. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penelitian untuk pengembangan pencarian posisi objek yang memiliki informasi tentang lokasi dan alamat objek tersebut. Metodologi pada penelitian ini adalah dengan menerima sinyal dari modul GPS pada alat tracking yang dipancarkan satelit kemudian diproses oleh mikrokontroler menjadi koordinat dan dikirimkan ke database Google Firebase. Google Firebase mengirimkan koordinat ke aplikasi tracking objek. Penggunaan metode reverse geocoding adalah untuk mengubah koordinat tersebut menjadi sebuah lokasi dan alamat. Hasil pengujian aplikasi yang menggunakan metode reverse geocoding dapat menampilkan alamat dari alat tracking dengan persentase keberhasilan 100%. Sedangkan aplikasi tanpa metode reverse geocoding hanya menampilkan lokasi alat tracking saja tanpa menampilkan alamatnya. Alat tracking lebih cepat mendapatkan sinyal apabila dilakukan di luar ruangan dibandingkan dengan dalam gedung dimana alat tracking tidak mendapatkan koordinat dari satelit. Hasil pengukuran jarak yang dilakukan alat tracking posisi memiliki keakurasian 99% dengan validasi pengukuran jarak oleh google maps.
CONCEPÇÕES DE ESCRITA DE SERVIDORES DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA
Authors: Leite Lyra Maria , Morais Xavier Manassés 
Published: February 2024

Este artigo investiga, a partir das respostas a um questionário, as concepções de escrita de servidores técnico-administrativos, pertencentes ao quadro de uma universidade federal da região nordeste do país. Empreendemos pesquisa de campo que teve objetivos exploratórios e natureza qualitativa. A análise foi realizada com fundamento nas contribuições advindas do Círculo de Bakhtin sobre a linguagem; já as concepções de escrita foram fundamentadas pelas autoras Koch e Elias (2011). Os resultados convergem para as três concepções teorizadas por essas últimas, sendo a segunda concepção, escrita equanto instrumento de comunicação, a mais referenciada.
O USO DE VOCÊ INDETERMINADOR DE SUJEITO – UMA ÓTICA DA GRAMATICALIZAÇÃO E VARIAÇÃO LINGUÍSTICA
Authors: Cantanhede Caio sousa 
Published: February 2024

RESUMO: Neste trabalho, apresentamos o pronome você, registrado normalmente como pronome referente à segunda pessoa, utilizado como pronome indeterminador de sujeito. Existem estudos realizados sobre tal fenômeno, com foco analítico voltado a registros informais de oralidade; mas, ao se tratar de variação linguística, há certo estigma, uma vez que a abordagem ocorre amplamente na tratativa apenas de registros informais. Por meio desta análise, comprovaremos que a variação linguística é um fenômeno comum na língua pela perspectiva da Gramaticalização com base em Cazario, Martelotta e Votre. Mostraremos, também, que o uso de você indeterminador de sujeito é comum também em textos formais. Para tanto, apresentaremos a análise de uma palestra sobre Literatura transmitida pela TV Cultura, no programa dominical Café Filosófico, em que, comumente, o registro de fala é formal. Sob o enfoque do paradigma da gramaticalização, indicaremos as mudanças linguísticas que contribuíram com o percurso histórico de você e as causas que o levaram à utilização como indeterminador de sujeito. No programa, encontramos 34 ocorrências de você, sendo que, em 27 delas, o apresentador utiliza-o como pronome para indeterminar o sujeito (inclusive ouvintes, telespectadores e leitores em geral). As análises dessas ocorrências levam-nos a concluir que você pode ser utilizado na segunda pessoa do singular, e, também como terceira pessoa do singular/plural para indeterminar o sujeito. Entretanto, este uso também ocorre no sentido de nós (ou a gente), ou seja, indetermina um sujeito grupal que inclui, inclusive, o próprio falante.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pronome Você, Gramaticalização, Palestra
Rancang Bangun Multilevel Inverter dengan Filter Pasif L-C-L dan Teknologi IoT Untuk Memantau Perubahan Kecepatan Motor Induksi Satu Fasa
Authors: Gesang Amar  , Noer Soedjarwanto  
Published: February 2024

Multilevel inverter is a type of inverter used to generate AC signals with adjustable frequency and better quality. L-C-L passive filter is used to eliminate harmonic distortion in the generated AC signals. Meanwhile, IoT technology is used to remotely monitor and control the speed of the motor through a mobile application. In this thesis, the design of a flying capacitor multilevel inverter is used as an induction motor speed controller with the resulting Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) can be reduced if you add a level to the inverter. Then, L-C-L passive filter is designed to eliminate harmonic distortion in the generated AC signals. Furthermore, the implementation of IoT technology is carried out using Blynk IoT platform. The test results show that the multilevel inverter with L-C-L passive filter successfully generates AC signals with better quality compare without L-C-L passife filter. In addition, IoT technology is successfully implemented and allows users to remotely monitor and control the speed of the motor through a mobile application. Thus, the use of multilevel inverter with L-C-L passive filter and IoT technology can effectively increase the efficiency and control of single-phase induction motor.
Keywords: multilevel inverter, L-C-L passive filter, IoT, induction motor, total harmonic distortion.
Sistem Pengering Biji Kakao dengan Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Logic.
Authors: Atmaja Ariyoga , Sembiring Jaka persada 
Published: February 2024

Monitoring system The cocoa bean dryer is a system created to make it easier for emping melinjo craftsmen to combine the cocoa bean drying process based on temperature, humidity, weight and drying status. This system was created in the form of an application called MONIBIK Iot, in this application there is data on Temperature, Humidity, Weight and Drying Status as well as graphic displays. MONIBIK IoT can be accessed anywhere and at any time, provided the device must be connected to an internet connection. The conclusion from the research carried out is that the test results in the process of sending data from the system to the server display data values ​​in real time. Based on the test results of the sensor in measuring the level of drying of cocoa beans, based on temperature, humidity and weight results that can be obtained in the measurement process, the sensor can work well. The test data shows that the temperature value has increased, while the humidity and weight values ​​have decreased. This shows that the cocoa bean dryer is operating properly.
Keywords— Monitoring, Mikrokontroler, Cocoa bean, Fuzzy.
Pengembangan Media Latihan Cheking Yeop Chagi Berbasis Video Didojang UNP
Authors: Syahrozi Syahrozi , Asnaldi Arie , Ihsan Nurul , Sasmitha Weny 
Published: February 2024

Pengembangan media latihan ini dilakukan karena kurang fasihnya taekwondoin dalam menguasai tendangan Cheking Yeop Chagi ini disebabkan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan media latihan yang dapat memaksimalkan dalam menguasai tendangan Cheking Yeop Chagi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan atau Research and Development (R&D). Prosedur pengembangan dan penelitian terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu define, design, development, dan disseminate. Alat dan pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, dokumentasi dan angket. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan produk media video yang diujicobakan oleh dua orang validator maka diperolehan data sebesar 4,8 atau 96% dengan kategori “Sangat Valid” oleh ahli media dan 4,7 atau 94% dengan kategori “Sangat Valid” oleh ahli materi. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba di dojang UNP dengan responden 15 taekwondoin dan angket yang diperoleh sangat layak dengan memperoleh penilaian 4,56 atau 91,33% hasil penelitian ini dapat dikategorikan sangat valid dan sangat praktis. Jadi dapat disimpulkan media latihan Cheking Yeop Chagi sudah sangat valid dan praktis sehingga layak digunakan.
Hubungan Daya Ledak Otot Tungkai Dengan Shooting Pemain Futsal Mutiara Taratak Baru (Alahan Panjang)
Authors: Mahmuda Qabil , Rosmawati Rosmawati 
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini berawal dari rendahnya prestasi pemain futsal Mutiara Taratak Baru yang disebabkan oleh kemampuan shooting pemain yang masih rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan daya ledak otot tungkai dengan kemampuan shooting pemain futsal Mutiara Taratak Baru (Alahan Panjang). Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian korelasional. Penlitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September s.d Oktober 2023. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 20 orang pemain. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik teknik sensus, maka jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 20 orang pemain. Pengambilan data daya ledak otot tungkai dengan bentuk Standing Broad Jump dan tes kemampuan shooting. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara daya ledak otot tungkai dengan kemampuan shooting.