bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No association between inactivated influenza vaccination and influenza viral load at diagnosis among young Japanese children: An observational study of the 2013/2014 through 2017/2018 influenza seasons
Authors: Mukai Emiko , Fukushima Wakaba , Morikawa Saeko , Nakata Keiko , Hiroi Satoshi , Fujioka Masashi , Matsushita Tohru , Kubota Megumi , Yagi Yoshina , Takechi Tetsuhisa , Takasaki Yoshio , Shindo Shizuo , Yamashita Yuji , Yokoyama Takato , Kiyomatsu Yumi , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Maeda Akiko , Kondo Kyoko , Ito Kazuya , Kase Tetsuo , Ohfuji Satoko , Hirota Yoshio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe association between inactivated influenza vaccination and viral load in young children remains unclear.MethodsDuring the 2013/2014 to 2017/2018 influenza seasons in Japan, children under 6 years of age with pre‐defined influenza‐like illness and influenza‐positive status by real‐time RT‐PCR were recruited at pediatric clinics for this observational study. Influenza viral load was measured for the most predominant subtype/lineage in each season. Using median dichotomized viral load as an outcome, a multilevel logistic regression model was applied to estimate the multivariable adjusted odds ratio (MOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for higher viral load.ResultsA total of 1,185 influenza‐positive children were analyzed. The median log10 viral load copy number (copies per milliliter) was 5.5 (interquartile range, 4.6 to 6.1) and did not differ by vaccination status: 5.5 for unvaccinated, 5.7 for one dose, and 5.5 for two doses (p = 0.67). The MOR of vaccinated (one or two doses) versus unvaccinated children was 1.19 (95% CI: 0.86–1.64). Other factors showing significant associations with higher viral load were positive results for A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) in comparison with B/Yamagata. The respective MORs were 3.25 (95% CI: 2.28–4.64) and 1.81 (95% CI: 1.32–2.49). Significantly elevated MORs against higher viral load were also observed for higher body temperature at influenza diagnosis and shorter duration from fever onset to specimen collection.ConclusionNo association was observed between inactivated‐influenza vaccination and viral load at influenza‐positive diagnosis. Influenza subtype/lineage, body temperature, and time elapsed since fever onset were significantly associated with viral load.
Spanish dental students knowledge of oral malignancy and premalignancy
Authors: Jaber M. A. , Dios P. Diz , García E. Vazquez , Soriano A. Cutando , Porter S. R. 
Published: October 2023

Background: In view of the gradual rise in oral malignancy in Europe, there is an increased need for undergraduate dental students to have some appropriate training in the recognition of the signs and symptoms of oral premalignancy and malignancy, and be aware of the appropriate early management of patients with such oral lesions. The present study outlines the results of a pilot study to determine the knowledge and awareness of a cohort of undergraduate dental students in Spain regarding the management of oral premalignancy and malignancy.Method: In March 1997 a self‐administered questionnaire (SAQ) addressing student's knowledge, opinions, and related aspects of screening and detection of oral malignancy and premalignancy, was mailed to 200 undergraduate dental students in two Spanish Universities. The present report details the responses of this cohort of undergraduates. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the χ2 test and the results were considered significant when P<0.05.Results: 37.0% of the respondents were male and 63.0% female. Almost all of the respondents (99.0%) had attended general dental congresses and 81.5% had attended specific courses on oral malignancy and premalignancy. Only 20% of undergraduate students had witnessed at least one patient with oral malignancy. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most frequently observed (94.4%) oral tumour. 79% of the respondents had examined or witnessed at least one patient with a potentially malignant lesion. Leukoplakias were the most commonly observed (80.0%) premalignant lesions. 5th year students were more likely to have performed a biopsy than 4th year students (P<0.05), particularly male students (P<0.005). 40.0% of respondents believed that the lower lip was the most common site of an oral cancer; almost half realised that a tumour could have a speckled appearance. 79% to 82% of the respondents indicated that tobacco and alcohol were the principal causes of oral SCC, but 34.6% suggested that HIV disease was a risk factor for oral SCC. Almost all respondents routinely recorded the tobacco or alcohol consumption of patients and would offer advice to patients regarding modification of these habits. 64.0% of undergraduates suggested that clinical screening at intervals of 6 to 12 months was an effective means of diagnosing oral premalignant and malignant lesions, and almost all considered oral health promotion to be an effective means of reducing oral cancer mortality.Conclusions: Undergraduate dental students in Spain have limited clinical experience or knowledge of related aspects of oral premalignant and malignant lesions, and they may fail to recognise appropriate signs and symptoms and aetiological factors of such disease.
Clinician‐perceived barriers and facilitators for the provision of actionable processes of care important for persistent or chronic critical illness
Authors: Istanboulian Laura , Dale Craig , Terblanche Ella , Rose Louise 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo explore clinician‐perceived barriers to and facilitators for the provision of actionable processes of care important for patients with persistent or chronic critical illness.DesignQualitative descriptive interview study.MethodsSecondary analysis of semi‐structured telephone interviews (December 2018 – February 2019) with professionally diverse clinicians working with adults experiencing persistent or chronic critical illness in Canadian intensive care units. We used deductive content analysis informed by the Social‐Ecological Model.ResultsWe recruited 31 participants from intensive care units across nine Canadian provinces. Reported intrapersonal level barriers to the provision of actionable processes of care included lack of training, negative emotions and challenges prioritizing these patients. Facilitators included establishment of positive relations and trust with patients and family. Interpersonal barriers included communication difficulties, limited access to physicians and conflict. Facilitators included communication support, time spent with the patient/family and conflict management. Institutional barriers comprised inappropriate care processes, inadequate resources and disruptive environmental conditions. Facilitators were regular team rounds, appropriate staffing and employment of a primary care (nurse and/or physician) model. Community‐level barriers included inappropriate care location and insufficient transition support. Facilitators were accessed to alternate care sites/teams and to formalized transition support. Public policy‐level barriers included inadequacy of formal education programs for the care of these patients; knowledge implementation for patient management was identified as a facilitator.ConclusionOur results highlighted multilevel barriers and facilitators to the delivery of actionable processes important for quality care for patient/family experiencing persistent or chronic critical illness.ImpactUsing the Social‐Ecological Model, the results of this study provide intra and interpersonal, institutional, community and policy‐level barriers to address and facilitators to harness to improve the care of patients/family experiencing persistent or chronic critical illness.Reporting MethodConsolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
When do stock options affect CEO risk‐taking? The moderating role of CEO regulatory focus
Authors: Chen Yenn‐Ru , Chung Tuck Siong , Lin Chia‐Hsien , Low Angie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExecutive stock options are provided to risk‐averse CEOs to encourage risk‐taking. We show that the efficacy of such stock options is moderated by CEOs’ regulatory focus—their intrinsic motivations to avoid losses or achieve gains. We show that stock options have a negligible impact on the risk‐taking behavior of CEOs who are intrinsically motivated to avoid losses or take on risks. The impact of stock options on firm risk is strongest among CEOs whose regulatory focus is moderate and whose behavior is thus more malleable. Our paper shows that CEO intrinsic risk‐taking motivations have important implications for the effectiveness of extrinsic risk‐taking incentives provided by stock options.
The left adrenal vein: An important direction for right adrenal venous sampling
Authors: Xiong Hongliang , Du Li , Yang Jiao , Hu WeiTong , Huang JiaBing , Li YunDe , Chen Xi , Dong YiFei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the guiding role of left adrenal vein (LAV) for right adrenal venous sampling (AVS). A total of 347 patients who were diagnosed with primary aldosteronism (PA) and underwent successful AVS procedures from January 2020 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different quadrant position of the orifice of right adrenal vein (RAV), the area where the orifice of RAV is located is divided into three areas: A, B, and C and the area A is further subdivided into A1, A2, and A3 areas. By counting the area where the orifice of RAV is located, the guiding role of the LAV on the RAV is determined. Most of the orifice of RAV are located in area A, and the proportions of areas A, B, and C was 96.8%, 1.4%, and 1.7%, respectively. In area A, areas A1, A2, and A3 account for 80.9%, 17.0%, and 2.1%, respectively. High body mass index, female and smaller the angle between the LAV and horizontal line was associated with the closer positional relationship between the LAV on the RAV. These findings suggest that most of the horizontal position of the RAV orifice is close to the horizontal position of the most distal end of the LAV, which indicate that the LAV location can play an important role on the guiding for right AVS. Additionally, body mass index, sex, and the angle of the LAV was largely related to location of the orifice of the RAV.
Information Functions of Rank‐2PL Models for Forced‐Choice Questionnaires
Authors: Fu Jianbin , Tan Xuan , Kyllonen Patrick C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the item and test information functions of the Rank two‐parameter logistic models (Rank‐2PLM) for items with two (pair) and three (triplet) statements in forced‐choice questionnaires. The Rank‐2PLM model for pairs is the MUPP‐2PLM (Multi‐Unidimensional Pairwise Preference) and, for triplets, is the Triplet‐2PLM. Fisher's information and directional information are described, and the test information for Maximum Likelihood (ML), Maximum A Posterior (MAP), and Expected A Posterior (EAP) trait score estimates is distinguished. Expected item/test information indexes at various levels are proposed and plotted to provide diagnostic information on items and tests. The expected test information indexes for EAP scores may be difficult to compute due to a typical test's vast number of item response patterns. The relationships of item/test information with discrimination parameters of statements, standard error, and reliability estimates of trait score estimates are discussed and demonstrated using real data. Practical suggestions for checking the various expected item/test information indexes and plots are provided.
Improvements in depressive symptoms following a brief relationship intervention
Authors: Mitchell Erica A. , Roberson Patricia N. E. , DiPillo Michaela , Cordova James V. , Gordon Kristina Coop 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the United States, 21 million adults are diagnosed with depression. Couple therapy effectively treats depression, however, couples encounter access barriers. The Relationship Checkup is an assessment and feedback intervention delivered in participants' homes. The current study examines changes in relationship satisfaction and depressive symptoms, and moderators and mechanisms of change in a community sample (N = 85 couples). Changes in depressive symptoms and satisfaction, and the association between changes in satisfaction and depressive symptoms were examined with multilevel modeling. Depressive symptoms (Cohen's d = 0.36) and satisfaction (d = 1.43) improved from baseline to 1‐month follow‐up, with greater declines in depression (d = 0.44) for those with more severe symptoms. Increases in satisfaction were associated with decreases in depressive symptoms (d = 0.23), and decreases in depressive symptoms were associated with increases in satisfaction (d = 0.33). Individuals with depression and relationship distress may be well served by this intervention.
Immunity impacts cognitive deficits across neurological disorders
Authors: Shaw Benjamin C. , Anders Victoria R. , Tinkey Rachel A. , Habean Maria L. , Brock Orion D. , Frostino Benjamin J. , Williams Jessica L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCognitive deficits are a common comorbidity with neurological disorders and normal aging. Inflammation is associated with multiple diseases including classical neurodegenerative dementias such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), in which over half of all patients experience some form of cognitive deficits. Other degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) including frontotemporal lobe dementia (FTLD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and psychological disorders like major depressive disorder (MDD), and even normal aging all have cytokine‐associated reductions in cognitive function. Thus, there is likely commonality between these secondary cognitive deficits and inflammation. Neurological disorders are increasingly associated with substantial neuroinflammation, in which CNS‐resident cells secrete cytokines and chemokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interleukins (ILs) including IL‐1β and IL‐6. CNS‐resident cells also respond to a wide variety of cytokines and chemokines, which can have both direct effects on neurons by changing the expression of ion channels and perturbing electrical properties, as well as indirect effects through glia–glia and immune‐glia cross‐talk. There is significant overlap in these cytokine and chemokine expression profiles across diseases, with TNFα and IL‐6 strongly associated with cognitive deficits in multiple disorders. Here, we review the involvement of various cytokines and chemokines in AD, MS, FTLD, PD, TBI, MDD, and normal aging in the absence of dementia. We propose that the neuropsychiatric phenotypes observed in these disorders may be at least partially attributable to a dysregulation of immunity resulting in pathological cytokine and chemokine expression from both CNS‐resident and non‐resident cells.image
Dual action of serotonin on local excitatory and inhibitory neural circuits regulating the corticotropin‐releasing factor neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
Authors: Sato Takayuki , Sugaya Takuma , Talukder Ashraf Hossain , Tsushima Yuki , Sasaki Shotaro , Uchida Katsuya , Sato Tatsuya , Ikoma Yoko , Sakimura Kenji , Fukuda Atsuo , Matsui Ko , Itoi Keiichi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSerotonergic neurons originating from the raphe nuclei have been proposed to regulate corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). Since glutamate‐ and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐containing neurons, constituting the hypothalamic local circuits, innervate PVH CRF neurons, we examined whether they mediate the actions of serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine [5‐HT]) on CRF neurons. Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) or spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) were recorded in PVH CRF neurons, under whole cell patch‐clamp, using the CRF‐modified yellow fluorescent protein (Venus) ΔNeo mouse. Serotonin elicited an increase in the frequency of sEPSCs in 77% of the cells and a decrease in the frequency of sIPSCs in 71% of the cells, tested in normal medium. Neither the amplitude nor decay time of sEPSC and sIPSC was affected, thus the site(s) of action of serotonin may be presynaptic. In the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), serotonin had no significant effects on either parameter of sEPSC or sIPSC, indicating that the effects of serotonin are action potential‐dependent, and that the presynaptic interneurons are largely intact within the slice; distant neurons may exist, though, since some 20%–30% of neurons did not respond to serotonin without TTX. We next examined through what receptor subtype(s) serotonin exerts its effects on presynaptic interneurons. DOI (5‐HT2A/2C agonist) mimicked the action of serotonin on the sIPSCs, and the serotonin‐induced decrease in sIPSC frequency was inhibited by a selective 5‐HT2C antagonist RS102221. 8‐OH‐DPAT (5‐HT1A/7 agonist) mimicked the action of serotonin on the sEPSCs, and the serotonin‐induced increase in sEPSC frequency was inhibited by a selective 5‐HT7 antagonist SB269970. Thus, serotonin showed a dual action on PVH CRF neurons, by upregulating glutamatergic‐ and downregulating GABAergic interneurons; the former may partly be mediated by 5‐HT7 receptors, whereas the latter by 5‐HT2C receptors. The CRF‐Venus ΔNeo mouse was useful for the electrophysiological examination.
High‐fibre diets regulate antioxidative capacity and promote intestinal health by regulating bacterial microbiota in growing pigs
Authors: Li Zhiqing , Zhao Yujie , Wang Hao , Zhang Wenxi , Zhang Chen , Xie Junyan , Ma Xiaokang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a high‐fibre diet on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, intestinal health, and intestinal microbiota composition of growing pigs. Twelve healthy “Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire” castrates (49 ± 1.35 kg) were randomly divided into two groups with six replicates and one pig per replicate. The two diet treatments were fed the basal diet (CON) based on corn and soybean meal and high fibre diet (HF) respectively. The nutritional levels of the two treatments were the same. The experiment lasted 28 days. The results showed that the addition of 16% wheat bran fibre to the diet of growing pigs did not affect growth performance (p > 0.05). Compared with the CON, contents of isobutyric and butyric acid, GSH‐PX and T‐AOC in serum were increased in the HF. It decreased the gross energy digestibility and acetic acid content in feces of growing pigs (p < 0.05), the contents of GSH‐PX and T‐AOC in serum. It decreased the gross energy digestibility and acetic acid content in feces of growing pigs (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON, the Shannon, and Chao1 indexes of the HF were increased (p < 0.05). At the phylum level, the abundance of g_Lactobacillus increased in the HF (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that a total of 18 microbial genera were correlated with antioxidant capacity and volatile fatty acid levels (p < 0.05). In summary, this study showed that adding 16% wheat bran to the diet of growing pigs had no effect on growth performance but helped to improve the richness and stability of intestinal microbiota, promote posterior intestinal fermentation and increase serum antioxidant capacity.
A test of island plant syndromes using resource‐use traits
Authors: Westerband Andrea C. , Knight Tiffany M. , Barton Kasey E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite representing a fraction of the global terrestrial surface area, oceanic islands are disproportionately diverse in species, resulting from high rates of endemicity. Island plants are thought to share a unique phenotype—referred to as an island syndrome—which is thought to be driven by convergent evolution in response to selection by shared abiotic and biotic factors. One aspect of the island plant syndrome that has received relatively little research focus is that island plants are expected to have converged on conservative resource use associated with slow growth rates and weak competitive abilities. Here we tested whether native, woody Hawaiian plant species are phenotypically distinct—with more resource‐conservative leaf traits—compared to a globally distributed sample of continental species. Using an archipelago‐wide trait data set, we detected that on average, native Hawaiian species had lower leaf nutrient concentrations overall, and lower nutrient concentrations at high leaf mass per area, but no other phenotypic differences compared with continental plants. There was also considerable overlap in the trait spaces of native Hawaiian species and continental species. Our findings indicate that an island plant syndrome for leaf traits is not present in the Hawaiian flora, and that island species can demonstrate extensive variation in their resource‐use strategies, on a scale that is comparable with that of continental species worldwide.
Interkingdom ecological networks between plants and fungi drive soil multifunctionality across arid inland river basin
Authors: Wang Yin , Wang Jianming , He Yicheng , Qu Mengjun , Zhu Weilin , Xue Yujie , Li Jingwen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite the known collective contribution of above‐ (plants) and below‐ground (soil fungi) biodiversity on multiple soil functions, how the associations among plant and fungal communities regulate soil multifunctionality (SMF) differentially remains unknown. Here, plant communities were investigated at 81 plots across a typical arid inland river basin, within which associated soil fungal communities and seven soil functions (nutrients storage and biological activity) were measured in surface (0–15 cm) and subsurface soil (15–30 cm). We evaluated the relative importance of species richness and biotic associations (reflected by network complexity) on SMF. Our results demonstrated that plant species richness and plant–fungus network complexity promoted SMF in surface and subsurface soil. SMF in two soil layers was mainly determined by plant–fungus network complexity, mean groundwater depth and soil variables, among which plant–fungus network complexity played a crucial role. Plant–fungus network complexity had stronger effects on SMF in surface soil than in subsurface soil. We present evidence that plant–fungus network complexity surpassed plant‐fungal species richness in determining SMF in surface and subsurface soil. Moreover, plant–fungal species richness could not directly affect SMF. Greater plant–fungal species richness indirectly promoted SMF since they ensured greater plant–fungal associations. Collectively, we concluded that interkingdom networks between plants and fungi drive SMF even in different soil layers. Our findings enhanced our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms that above‐ and below‐ground associations promote SMF in arid inland river basins. Future study should place more emphasis on the associations among plant and microbial communities in protecting soil functions under global changes.