bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes, medical costs, and medication usage patterns of different somatic symptom disorders and functional somatic syndromes: a population-based study in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Chi-Shin , Chen Tzu-Ting , Liao Shih-Cheng , Huang Wei-Chia , Huang Wei-Lieh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundSomatic symptom disorders (SSD) and functional somatic syndromes (FSS) are often regarded as similar diagnostic constructs; however, whether they exhibit similar clinical outcomes, medical costs, and medication usage patterns has not been examined in nationwide data. Therefore, this study focused on analyzing SSD and four types of FSS (fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia).MethodsThis population-based matched cohort study utilized Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) claims database to investigate the impact of SSD/FSS. The study included 2 615 477 newly diagnosed patients with SSD/FSS and matched comparisons from the NHI beneficiary registry. Healthcare utilization, mortality, medical expenditure, and medication usage were assessed as outcome measures. Statistical analysis involved Cox regression models for hazard ratios, generalized linear models for comparing differences, and adjustment for covariates.ResultsAll SSD/FSS showed significantly higher adjusted hazard ratios for psychiatric hospitalization and all-cause hospitalization compared to the control group. All SSD/FSS exhibited significantly higher adjusted hazard ratios for suicide, and SSD was particularly high. All-cause mortality was significantly higher in all SSD/FSS. Medical costs were significantly higher for all SSD/FSS compared to controls. The usage duration of all psychiatric medications and analgesics was significantly higher in SSD/FSS compared to the control group.ConclusionAll SSD/FSS shared similar clinical outcomes and medical costs. The high hazard ratio for suicide in SSD deserves clinical attention.
Pre-Clinical Mobility Limitation (PCML) Outcomes in Rehabilitation Interventions for Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lai Aiping , Morgan Ashley , Richardson Julie , Griffith Lauren E. , Kuspinar Ayse , Smith-Turchyn Jenna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIndividuals with pre-clinical mobility limitation (PCML) are at a high risk of future functional loss and progression to disability. The purpose of this scoping review was to provide a comprehensive understanding of PCML intervention studies in middle-aged and older adults. We present the interventions that have been tested or planned, describe how they have been conducted and reported, identify the knowledge gaps in current literature, and make recommendations about future research directions. An initial search of 2,291 articles resulted in 14 articles that met criteria for inclusion. Findings reveal that: (1) there is limited published work on PCML interventions, especially in middle-aged populations; and (2) the complexity and variety of PCML measures make it difficult to compare findings across PCML studies. Despite the diversity of measures, this review provides preliminary evidence that rehabilitation interventions on PCML help to delay or prevent disability progression.
“Gives peace of mind” – Relatives’ perspectives of end-of-life conversations
Authors: Smith Mette A. , Brøchner Anne C. , Nedergaard Helene K. , Jensen Hanne I. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesPlanning for end-of-life (EOL) and future treatment and care through advance care planning (ACP) is being increasingly implemented in different healthcare settings, and interest in ACP is growing. Several studies have emphasized the importance of relatives participating in conversations about wishes for EOL and being included in the process. Likewise, research has highlighted how relatives can be a valuable resource in an emergency setting. Although relatives have a significant role, few studies have investigated their perspectives of ACP and EOL conversations. This study explores relatives’ experiences of the benefits and disadvantages of having conversations about wishes for EOL treatment.MethodsSemi-structured telephone interviews were held with 29 relatives who had participated in a conversation about EOL wishes with a patient and physician 2 years prior in a variety of Danish healthcare settings. The relatives were interviewed between September 2020 and June 2022. Content analysis was performed on the qualitative data.ResultsThe interviews revealed two themes: “gives peace of mind” and “enables more openness and common understanding of EOL.” Relatives found that conversations about EOL could help assure that patients were heard and enhance their autonomy. These conversations relieved the relatives of responsibility by clarifying or confirming the patients’ wishes, and they also made the relatives reflect on their own wishes for EOL. Moreover, they helped patients and relatives address other issues regarding EOL and made wishes more visible across settings.Significance of resultsThe results indicate that conducting conversations about wishes for EOL treatment and having relatives participate in those conversations were perceived as beneficial for both relatives and patients. Involving relatives in ACP should be prioritized by physicians and healthcare personnel when holding conversations about EOL.
Electroconvulsive therapy is associated with increased immunoreactivity of neuroplasticity markers in the hippocampus of depressed patients
Authors: Loef Dore , Tendolkar Indira , van Eijndhoven Philip F. P. , Hoozemans Jeroen J. M. , Oudega Mardien L. , Rozemuller Annemieke J. M. , Lucassen Paul J. , Dols Annemiek , Dijkstra Anke A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective therapy for depression, but its cellular effects on the human brain remain elusive. In rodents, electroconvulsive shocks increase proliferation and the expression of plasticity markers in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), suggesting increased neurogenesis. Furthermore, MRI studies in depressed patients have demonstrated increases in DG volume after ECT, that were notably paralleled by a decrease in depressive mood scores. Whether ECT also triggers cellular plasticity, inflammation or possibly injury in the human hippocampus, was unknown. We here performed a first explorative, anatomical study on the human post-mortem hippocampus of a unique, well-documented cohort of bipolar or unipolar depressed patients, who had received ECT in the 5 years prior to their death. They were compared to age-matched patients with a depressive disorder who had not received ECT and to matched healthy controls. Upon histopathological examination, no indications were observed for major hippocampal cell loss, overt cytoarchitectural changes or classic neuropathology in these 3 groups, nor were obvious differences present in inflammatory markers for astrocytes or microglia. Whereas the numbers of proliferating cells expressing Ki-67 was not different, we found a significantly higher percentage of cells positive for Doublecortin, a marker commonly used for young neurons and cellular plasticity, in the subgranular zone and CA4 / hilus of the hippocampus of ECT patients. Also, the percentage of positive Stathmin 1 cells was significantly higher in the subgranular zone of ECT patients, indicating neuroplasticity. These first post-mortem observations suggest that ECT has no damaging effects but may rather have induced neuroplasticity in the DG of depressed patients.
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa caused by a novel COL7A1 variant with isodisomy
Authors: Niida Yo , Kobayashi Azusa , Togi Sumihito , Ura Hiroki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is a genetic collagen disorder characterized by skin fragility that leads to generalized severe blistering, wounds, and scarring. In this report, we present a patient with a novel COL7A1 homozygous nonsense variant, c.793C>T p.(Gln265*). Although the parents were not consanguineous, both were heterozygous carriers of the variant. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis revealed an isodisomy area on 3p22.1p21.1, encompassing COL7A1, suggesting that the variant originated from a common ancestor.
Evaluation of the US COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub for informing pandemic response under uncertainty
Authors: Howerton Emily , Contamin Lucie , Mullany Luke C. , Qin Michelle , Reich Nicholas G. , Bents Samantha , Borchering Rebecca K. , Jung Sung-mok , Loo Sara L. , Smith Claire P. , Levander John , Kerr Jessica , Espino J. , van Panhuis Willem G. , Hochheiser Harry , Galanti Marta , Yamana Teresa , Pei Sen , Shaman Jeffrey , Rainwater-Lovett Kaitlin , Kinsey Matt , Tallaksen Kate , Wilson Shelby , Shin Lauren , Lemaitre Joseph C. , Kaminsky Joshua , Hulse Juan Dent , Lee Elizabeth C. , McKee Clifton D. , Hill Alison , Karlen Dean , Chinazzi Matteo , Davis Jessica T. , Mu Kunpeng , Xiong Xinyue , Pastore y Piontti Ana , Vespignani Alessandro , Rosenstrom Erik T. , Ivy Julie S. , Mayorga Maria E. , Swann Julie L. , España Guido , Cavany Sean , Moore Sean , Perkins Alex , Hladish Thomas , Pillai Alexander , Ben Toh Kok , Longini Ira , Chen Shi , Paul Rajib , Janies Daniel , Thill Jean-Claude , Bouchnita Anass , Bi Kaiming , Lachmann Michael , Fox Spencer J. , Meyers Lauren Ancel , Srivastava Ajitesh , Porebski Przemyslaw , Venkatramanan Srini , Adiga Aniruddha , Lewis Bryan , Klahn Brian , Outten Joseph , Hurt Benjamin , Chen Jiangzhuo , Mortveit Henning , Wilson Amanda , Marathe Madhav , Hoops Stefan , Bhattacharya Parantapa , Machi Dustin , Cadwell Betsy L. , Healy Jessica M. , Slayton Rachel B. , Johansson Michael A. , Biggerstaff Matthew , Truelove Shaun , Runge Michael C. , Shea Katriona , Viboud Cécile , Lessler Justin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOur ability to forecast epidemics far into the future is constrained by the many complexities of disease systems. Realistic longer-term projections may, however, be possible under well-defined scenarios that specify the future state of critical epidemic drivers. Since December 2020, the U.S. COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub (SMH) has convened multiple modeling teams to make months ahead projections of SARS-CoV-2 burden, totaling nearly 1.8 million national and state-level projections. Here, we find SMH performance varied widely as a function of both scenario validity and model calibration. We show scenarios remained close to reality for 22 weeks on average before the arrival of unanticipated SARS-CoV-2 variants invalidated key assumptions. An ensemble of participating models that preserved variation between models (using the linear opinion pool method) was consistently more reliable than any single model in periods of valid scenario assumptions, while projection interval coverage was near target levels. SMH projections were used to guide pandemic response, illustrating the value of collaborative hubs for longer-term scenario projections.
Structures of the interleukin 11 signalling complex reveal gp130 dynamics and the inhibitory mechanism of a cytokine variant
Authors: Metcalfe Riley D. , Hanssen Eric , Fung Ka Yee , Aizel Kaheina , Kosasih Clara C. , Zlatic Courtney O. , Doughty Larissa , Morton Craig J. , Leis Andrew P. , Parker Michael W. , Gooley Paul R. , Putoczki Tracy L. , Griffin Michael D. W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInterleukin (IL-)11, an IL-6 family cytokine, has pivotal roles in autoimmune diseases, fibrotic complications, and solid cancers. Despite intense therapeutic targeting efforts, structural understanding of IL-11 signalling and mechanistic insights into current inhibitors are lacking. Here we present cryo-EM and crystal structures of the human IL-11 signalling complex, including the complex containing the complete extracellular domains of the shared IL-6 family β-receptor, gp130. We show that complex formation requires conformational reorganisation of IL-11 and that the membrane-proximal domains of gp130 are dynamic. We demonstrate that the cytokine mutant, IL-11 Mutein, competitively inhibits signalling in human cell lines. Structural shifts in IL-11 Mutein underlie inhibition by altering cytokine binding interactions at all three receptor-engaging sites and abrogating the final gp130 binding step. Our results reveal the structural basis of IL-11 signalling, define the molecular mechanisms of an inhibitor, and advance understanding of gp130-containing receptor complexes, with potential applications in therapeutic development.
Behavioral representational similarity analysis reveals how episodic learning is influenced by and reshapes semantic memory
Authors: Walsh Catherine R. , Rissman Jesse 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhile semantic and episodic memory have been shown to influence each other, uncertainty remains as to how this interplay occurs. We introduce a behavioral representational similarity analysis approach to assess whether semantic space can be subtly re-sculpted by episodic learning. Eighty participants learned word pairs that varied in semantic relatedness, and learning was bolstered via either testing or restudying. Next-day recall is superior for semantically related pairs, but there is a larger benefit of testing for unrelated pairs. Analyses of representational change reveal that successful recall is accompanied by a pulling together of paired associates, with cue words in semantically related (but not unrelated) pairs changing more across learning than target words. Our findings show that episodic learning is associated with systematic and asymmetrical distortions of semantic space which improve later recall by making cues more predictive of targets, reducing interference from potential lures, and establishing novel connections within pairs.
Observation of frustrated chiral dynamics in an interacting triangular flux ladder
Authors: Li Yuqing , Du Huiying , Wang Yunfei , Liang Junjun , Xiao Liantuan , Yi Wei , Ma Jie , Jia Suotang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractQuantum matter interacting with gauge fields, an outstanding paradigm in modern physics, underlies the description of various physical systems. Engineering artificial gauge fields in ultracold atoms offers a highly controllable access to the exotic many-body phenomena in these systems, and has stimulated intense interest. Here we implement a triangular flux ladder in the momentum space of ultracold 133Cs atoms, and study the chiral dynamics under tunable interactions. Through measurements of the site-resolved density evolutions, we reveal how the competition between interaction and flux in the frustrated triangular geometry gives rise to flux-dependent localization and biased chiral dynamics. For the latter in particular, the symmetry between the two legs is dynamically broken, which can be attributed to frustration. We then characterize typical dynamic patterns using complementary observables. Our work opens the avenue toward exploring correlated transport in frustrated geometries, where the interplay between interactions and gauge fields plays a key role.
Maintenance of appropriate size scaling of the C. elegans pharynx by YAP-1
Authors: Stojanovski Klement , Gheorghe Ioana , Lenart Peter , Lanjuin Anne , Mair William B. , Towbin Benjamin D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEven slight imbalance between the growth rate of different organs can accumulate to a large deviation from their appropriate size during development. Here, we use live imaging of the pharynx of C. elegans to ask if and how organ size scaling nevertheless remains uniform among individuals. Growth trajectories of hundreds of individuals reveal that pharynxes grow by a near constant volume per larval stage that is independent of their initial size, such that undersized pharynxes catch-up in size during development. Tissue-specific depletion of RAGA-1, an activator of mTOR and growth, shows that maintaining correct pharynx-to-body size proportions involves a bi-directional coupling between pharynx size and body growth. In simulations, this coupling cannot be explained by limitation of food uptake alone, and genetic experiments reveal an involvement of the mechanotransducing transcriptional co-regulator yap-1. Our data suggests that mechanotransduction coordinates pharynx growth with other tissues, ensuring body plan uniformity among individuals.
A single pseudouridine on rRNA regulates ribosome structure and function in the mammalian parasite Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Rajan K. Shanmugha , Madmoni Hava , Bashan Anat , Taoka Masato , Aryal Saurav , Nobe Yuko , Doniger Tirza , Galili Kostin Beathrice , Blumberg Amit , Cohen-Chalamish Smadar , Schwartz Schraga , Rivalta Andre , Zimmerman Ella , Unger Ron , Isobe Toshiaki , Yonath Ada , Michaeli Shulamit 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTrypanosomes are protozoan parasites that cycle between insect and mammalian hosts and are the causative agent of sleeping sickness. Here, we describe the changes of pseudouridine (Ψ) modification on rRNA in the two life stages of the parasite using four different genome-wide approaches. CRISPR-Cas9 knock-outs of all four snoRNAs guiding Ψ on helix 69 (H69) of the large rRNA subunit were lethal. A single knock-out of a snoRNA guiding Ψ530 on H69 altered the composition of the 80S monosome. These changes specifically affected the translation of only a subset of proteins. This study correlates a single site Ψ modification with changes in ribosomal protein stoichiometry, supported by a high-resolution cryo-EM structure. We propose that alteration in rRNA modifications could generate ribosomes preferentially translating state-beneficial proteins.
Radiative forcing from aerosol–cloud interactions enhanced by large-scale circulation adjustments
Authors: Dagan Guy , Yeheskel Netta , Williams Andrew I. L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe impact of anthropogenic aerosols on clouds is a leading source of uncertainty in estimating the effect of human activity on the climate system. The challenge lies in the scale difference between clouds (~1–10 km) and general circulation and climate (>1,000 km). To address this, we use convection-permitting simulations conducted in a long and narrow domain, to resolve convection while also including a representation of large-scale processes. We examine a set of simulations that include a sea surface temperature gradient—which drives large-scale circulation—and compare these with simulations that include no gradient. We show that the effective radiative forcing due to aerosol–cloud interactions is strongly enhanced by adjustments of large-scale circulation to aerosol. We find that an increase in aerosol concentration suppresses precipitation in shallow-convective regions, which enhances water vapour transport to the portion of the domain dominated by deep convection. The subsequent increase in latent heat release in deep-convective regions strengthens the overturning circulation and surface evaporation. These changes can explain the increase in cloudiness under higher aerosol concentrations and, consequently, the large aerosol radiative effect. This work highlights the fundamental importance of large-scale circulation adjustments in understanding the effective radiative forcing from aerosol–cloud interactions.
Multi-layered maps of neuropil with segmentation-guided contrastive learning
Authors: Dorkenwald Sven , Li Peter H. , Januszewski Michał , Berger Daniel R. , Maitin-Shepard Jeremy , Bodor Agnes L. , Collman Forrest , Schneider-Mizell Casey M. , da Costa Nuno Maçarico , Lichtman Jeff W. , Jain Viren 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMaps of the nervous system that identify individual cells along with their type, subcellular components and connectivity have the potential to elucidate fundamental organizational principles of neural circuits. Nanometer-resolution imaging of brain tissue provides the necessary raw data, but inferring cellular and subcellular annotation layers is challenging. We present segmentation-guided contrastive learning of representations (SegCLR), a self-supervised machine learning technique that produces representations of cells directly from 3D imagery and segmentations. When applied to volumes of human and mouse cortex, SegCLR enables accurate classification of cellular subcompartments and achieves performance equivalent to a supervised approach while requiring 400-fold fewer labeled examples. SegCLR also enables inference of cell types from fragments as small as 10 μm, which enhances the utility of volumes in which many neurites are truncated at boundaries. Finally, SegCLR enables exploration of layer 5 pyramidal cell subtypes and automated large-scale analysis of synaptic partners in mouse visual cortex.
Automatic segmentation framework of X-Ray tomography data for multi-phase rock using Swin Transformer approach
Authors: Chen Hao , Cao Xiaoqi , Zhang Xiyan , Wang Zhenyu , Qiu Bingjing , Zheng Kehong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA thorough understanding of the impact of the 3D meso-structure on damage and failure patterns is essential for revealing the failure conditions of composite rock materials such as coal, concrete, marble, and others. This paper presents a 3D XCT dataset of coal rock with 1372 slices (each slice contains 1720 × 1771 pixels in x × y direction). The 3D XCT datasets were obtained by MicroXMT-400 using the 225/320kv Nikon Metris custom bay. The raw datasets were processed by an automatic semantic segmentation method based on the Swin Transformer (Swin-T) architecture, which aims to overcome the issue of large errors and low efficiency for traditional methods. The hybrid loss function proposed can also effectively mitigate the influence of large volume features in the training process by incorporating modulation terms into the cross entropy loss, thereby enhancing the accuracy of segmentation for small volume features. This dataset will be available to the related researchers for further finite element analysis or microstructural statistical analysis, involving complex physical and mechanical behaviors at different scales.
Chronotypes-personality behavioural syndromes in wild marine fish
Authors: Martorell-Barceló Martina , Signaroli Marco , Barcelo-Serra Margarida , Lana Arancha , Aspillaga Eneko , Grau Amalia , Arlinghaus Robert , Alós Josep 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChronotypes, the individual differences in daily activity timing, have profound associations with numerous physiological processes. Despite this, the covariance between chronotypes and other aspects of an individual's behaviour has been infrequently explored in non-human animals. This study delves into individual's variation across four axes of personality in a controlled environment, utilising the pearly razorfish, a model species for fish chronotype studies. We identified behavioural types across the aggressiveness continuum and established behavioural syndromes amongst exploration, activity, and boldness, irrespective of body size and condition. Subsequent to this, the experimental subjects were reintroduced to their natural habitat and individually tracked using high-resolution technology to ascertain their chronotypes. Our results revealed that whilst the exploration-activity-boldness syndrome bore no correlation with chronotypes, a significant association was observed between aggressiveness and chronotype. Hence, individuals with later awakening times and rest onsets were more aggressive than their counterparts with earlier awakening times and rest onsets. This study provides pioneering evidence linking fish chronotypes with other behavioural traits, such as aggressiveness, suggesting that behavioural variation could be potentially linked to the individuals' variation in internal clocks and the environmental variables influencing their expression.