bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aži Dahāka, Viśvarūpa, and Geryon
Authors: Watkins Calvert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The poet Stesichorus, active from the latter seventh to the mid-sixth century, composed a mini-epic of over 1500 lines on this legend, the Geryoneis. The work is preserved only in a handful of fragments, fortunately augmented by extensive papyrus finds.6
From dragon to worm
Authors: Watkins Calvert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is in the language of charm that we find the basic mythographic formula in Old Irish. It is in one of the very few fragments of Old Irish preserved in an Old English manuscript (Harl. 585, late 11th cent.), in Old English context. The collection of “leechdoms and wortcunning”3 contains a charm against worms (wyrm gealdor) to be sung into the ear, right or left according as male or female, of a person or animal who has swallowed a worm in water.
Revolution
Authors: Valeri Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bellamy’s sermon text on May 16, 1776, “as the clay is in the potter’s hand, so are ye in mine hand” (Jeremiah 18:6), provided him with yet another occasion to speak on the divine moral government and temporal history. He explained that providence enforced the moral law on nation-states: “[T]he divine administration towards Nations is suited to countenance vir-tue and destroy vice. God loves righteousness and hates iniquity.” Since “the governance of the world belongs to himself,” Bellamy reiterated, “God is able to do as he pleases with the nations of this world.
Figuring Fidelity in Homer’s Odyssey
Authors: Zeitlin Froma I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Odyssey has an extraordinary capacity for creating memorable visual objects, signs, and symbols as focusing elements of a highly complex narrative structure. In a world ruled by uncertainty, suspension, disguise, and dimmed perception, such apparent tokens of a tangible reality emerge at critical interpretative junctures in the plot, often serving as means of prediction, identification, or proof. Generally speaking, all material objects in both the Iliad and the Odyssey are invested with psychological and cognitive resonances that go far beyond the details of their mere description to exemplify a typical and indispensable mode of charting social and mental experience.
Aspasia and the Socratic Tradition
Authors: Henry Madeleine M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The decline of Athens after the end of the Peloponnesian War would see the demise of tragedy as a viable art form and the movement of comedy from its major bases of surrealism and sexualized political invective to a greater focus on domestic drama and mythological travesty. The nascent form of philosophical dialogue adopted motifs from both tragedy and comedy in its use of historical and mythological characters to articulate and argue its own generic points of view. Many such dialogues were set in the heyday of Athens’ greatness; therefore, some of the same individuals who were historical actors and comic butts in the fifth century reappeared as participants in philosophical discourse.
The Iliad
Authors: MacDonald Dennis Ronald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Acts of Andrew and Matthias in the City of the Cannibals (AAMt), originally located at the beginning of The Acts of Andrew,1 opens with the following scene: “At that time, all the apostles were gathered together at one place and divided the regions among themselves by casting lots, so that each would leave for his allotted share. The lot fell on Matthias to go to the region of the cannibals” (AAMt 1). Gregory’s epitome begins similarly but adds that the lot fell on Andrew to go to Achaea,2 and names the city of the cannibals Myrmidonia.3 The word “Myrmidonia” certainly appeared in the original story. A Latin translation of the AAMt, earlier than any extant Greek text by at least two centuries, names the city Mermedonia,4 and a Greek Andrean passion, like Gregory, sends Matthew (= Matthias) to “the city of Myrmenis.”5 Both Mermedonia and Myrmenis are variant spellings of Myrmidonia.
Mood and Its Meanings
Authors: Thayer Robert E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Everyday moods are so ephemeral and illusive that it seems impossible to know where they come from, why they occur, and, perhaps more important, what we can do about them. But these daily variations in our feelings are actually easier to understand and manage than most people realize. Our moods are important for many reasons. For example, a good mood can help us carry out a disagreeable task-it has a way of improving our outlook.
Epicurean Poetics: Response and Dialogue
Authors: Sider David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The view that Epicurus was himself impervious to the charms of poetry, and that his charge to his disciples was to avoid it absolutely, both the listening and the composing, has become standard in handbooks and histories. Not everyone of course held to this extreme statement of his position, but it was easy enough to believe that anyone who wrote prose on so stylistically plain a level as Epicurus would, almost a fortiori, be insensitive to the charms of poetry. Moreover, that the most famous piece of Epicurean literature was itself a poem could be regarded as all the more interesting if Epicurus himself abjured the writing of poetry.
The Epicurean Philosopher as Hellenistic Poet
Authors: Sider David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Far from merely being a repository of lost Epicurean thought, Philodemus is also of interest for what may well be his own views on the nature of poetry. In the main, these demand our attention because their relation to Epicurus’ own views on poetry is unclear if not at first glance outright antithetical. In particular, how can someone who more than once alluded to himself as an orthodox Epicurean write poetry when Epicurus seems to have abjured this very activity,1 for, whether or not Philodemus’s treatises are orthodox in their adherence to Epicurus, they are significant documents in and of themselves. 2 Furthermore, in addition to their philosophical interest, they cannot help but be of interest to students of literary criticism and of Latin literature, for Philodemus had the good luck or good sense to locate himself in Rome and then, it would seem, in the Bay of Naples, where he, along with Siro, came to be regarded as spokesmen for Epicurean dogma by upper-class Romans, in particular L. Calpurnius Piso, the father-in-law of Julius Caesar.3 And where there are wealthy Romans
Reconstructing Philodemus’ On Poems
Authors: Janko Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Aeneas requests an oracle from the Sibyl at Cumae, he asks her not to entrust her reply to the leaves on which her oracles were traditionally inscribed, in case the winds should blow them into confusion (Aeneid 6.74f.). Vergil might well have been describing the fate of the writings of his teacher, Philodemus of Gadara; for a very basic obstacle to understanding the philosopher’s writings has been that many sequences of detached fragments make no sense at all. Editors have usually arranged these in an arbitrary order according to apparent associations of ideas; this has often led them to emend, in order to create joins where there are none. This method was followed, for example, in the editions of the On Poems by F. Sbordone1 and M. L. Nardelli;2 yet it never gave the works as a whole any satisfactory structure. Others
Introduction: Death Penalty Abolitionism in America
Authors: Haines Herbert H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Capital punishmentis in decline as the twentieth century nears its end. Once a virtually universal practice, only about 100 of the world’s 180 or so nations still take the lives of those who commit serious violations of their laws (Amnesty International USA 1989a:259-262; Hood 1989:7-33). Executions have become especially rare among industrialized democracies. A few retain capital statutes dealing with extraordinary crimes such as treason, but only Japan, parts of the former Soviet Union, and the United States still carry out death sentences for “ordinary” crimes of violence.
But for at least the time being, the United States stands in stark contrast to the international trend. Capital punishment is flourishing here. After going without executions from 1967 through 1976, 38 states and the federal government have passed revised capital-sentencing statutes that meet the stiffer constitutional requirements the Supreme Court laid down between 1976 and 1983. By the time these words appear in print, at least two more states-Iowa and Wisconsin–may well have brought back the death penalty. Since 1983, the Court has removed a number of procedural impediments on the states, and the rate of electrocutions, gassings, and lethal injections has grown as a result. Thirty-eight persons were put to death in 1993, more than in any year since John F. Kennedy sat in the Oval Office. The number fell to 31 in 1994, but all indications point to a rising tide of harsh justice through the remainder of the decade. Nearly 3,000 convicts now await their dates with the executioner (see Table 1).
The Return of the Executioner: 1976–1982
Authors: Haines Herbert H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Assessing the meaning of the Supreme Court’s ruling in Gregg v. Georgia 10 days after it was announced, an ACLU document did not mince words:
. . . the overwhelmingly important first fact is that The Supreme Court has now rejected the major constitutional arguments against the death penalty which have stopped executions in the United States during the past ten years.. . . [The constitutional] attack has failed, and the resumption of executions-possibly in numbers unknown since the 1940’s-is imminent.
Death penalty opponents had good reason to be concerned. Almost 500 post-Furman death-sentenced inmates now resided in the prisons of 35 states, and there was no reason to expect those states to drag their feet in putting them to death now that they had permission to do so. But the long-dreaded (or eagerly awaited, depending on one’s point of view) “bloodbath” wasn’t truly imminent after all. The Supreme Court would spend the next several years fine-tuning the death-sentencing process it had allowed to reemerge. The nation would not see executions in significant numbers until the mid-1980s.
The Trinity and Worship
Authors: Thompson John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“It is in our worship that most of us become aware of the doctrine of the trinity. We all sing hymns that address each of the three persons in the one Godhead and in the more liturgical traditions, we end our recital of the Psalms and Canticles with a threefold ascription of glory to the Father, Son and Holy Spirit.”1 In this there is implied a coordinated relationship between a trinitarian doctrine of God and what we do when we worship him. The B.C.C. report states that the distinctive name for God is Father. Yet this has to be qualified in various ways, by stating, as the report does, that to say Father we must also speak of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.2 The Fatherhood of God has true meaning only in relation to Son and Spirit. For the New Testament God is conceived not simply as the Father in general to whom one adds Son and Spirit later. He is from eternity the Father of the Son by the Spirit. While we must make this affirmation of faith in relation to the Trinity, in practice a great variety of approaches is possible.
Thus worship can be offered to God the Father by the Spirit through the Son or directly to the Father, the Son, or the Spirit. The B.C.C. report sums this up as follows: “There are various ways in which the trinitarian character of worship is understood: as being offered to the Father through the Son and in the Spirit; or to the Father, to the Son and to the Spirit; or to the one triune God. But all alike witness to the reality of relationship, of communion.”
Disposable Workers
Authors: Blau Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Business power, technological change, and foreign competition have combined to transform the labor market. Few jobs are for life. Permanent employment with one company has also vanished, along with the likelihood of an employee getting internal promotions to ensure steady upward mobility. Instead, part-time and temporary work have spread through the labor force. Although many employees continue to have what are nominally permanent jobs, contract work has become the metaphor, if not the fact, for much of the labor market. Whether they sign up for a couple of weeks or a couple of years, more and more Americans know that their work at any particular job is timelimited, and their future probably includes a period of unemployment. Employees have always looked for jobs; employers have always done the hiring. Now, however, it is different. Search, hire, and fire; search, hire, and fire: not since the Great Depression has the constant churning of the U.S. labor market engendered such intense feelings of economic insecurity.
Education: Choice, Profit, And Democracy
Authors: Blau Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wages are stagnant or falling, and the job market is full of uncertainty. No wonder Americans have turned with unusual fierceness to the issue of education. In the past, when wages rose, and the job market was more stable, those with educational credentials could claim their right to upward mobility. Now employers complain about students’ inadequate preparation, and parents indict the schools for failing their historic role.
Democracy In The Workplace?
Authors: Blau Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Americans want to renew their economic prospects. They want to regain a sense of possibility and recover a sense of control. Although market-based reforms of education, job training, and welfare are supposed to help realize these aspirations, they are highly unlikely to do so. This failure is sure to cause bitterness, because most Americans believe in the “free market,” and do not know how to respond when, in a very personal way, the market fails them. Having looked to market-based reforms to reverse their declining standard of living, they are ill-prepared to recognize that the new, global market channels most of its benefits toward the top fifth of the population. Not so incidentally, their inability to grasp this fact explains a good deal of recent political history. Campaigns against poor people, campaigns against gays, campaigns against women, immigrants, and racial minorities: over the last twenty-five years, Americans have expended an enormous amount of political energy feverishly searching for other culprits.
The Rhetoric of the Grotesque: monstrous Emblem
Authors: Snodgrass Chris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE grotesque is, as Osbert Burdett noted, “the invention of a form that does not exist in nature” (113). It is an artificial, human-animal hybrid that has been used throughout history and in virtually all parts of the world, in both horrific and benign forms, to symbolize the desire to avert the powers of evil and channel the forces of good (Sheridan and Ross 21). It also became Beardsley’s favorite vehicle for representing not only the disparate impulses of his own personality, but also what he took to be the paradoxical nature of life itself. But whereas the satyrs of classical art worked to invoke a moral lesson, and the gargoyles and other grotesques of medieval art served as an equally moralistic reminder that death was “the universal leveller in a rigidly hierarchical society” (Lucie-Smith, Caricature28-31), Beardsley’s grotesques give no such reassurance of transcendental verities. In fact, set within his formalistically elegant (if perversely parodic) styles, they function as especially effective emblems of a world locked in paradox.
Introduction
Authors: Shriver Donald W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the aftermath of the most destructive urban riot in American history, the man whose case ignited it all touched millions of Americans when he said: “People, I just want to say, you know, can we all get along? ... I mean, we’re all stuck here for a while. Let’s try to work it out.”In those simple words Rodney King was implicitly defining politics: how humans “get along” with each other in spite of their conflicts. So defined, the political is one of our most necessary and most fragile human achievements. From a million years back, we have been a fractious species. Fighting comes easily to us. But cooperation had to come too, or else we might not have survived our own combativeness. This is a book about how human enemies, some or all of whom have greatly harmed each other, can grope toward political association again; if they are not to be derailed from that goal, they will find themselves practicing a collective form of forgiveness. How necessary, and how lacking, forgiveness is in the ordinary push and pull of human politics has many contemporary illustrations, but none more graphic and horrible than the civil war in the former Yugoslavia. The world cringes at a Serb’s willingness to kill a Muslim in revenge for ancestors who fought the Battle of Kosovo in the year 1389; but in fact every nation has among its citizens those who have vast unresolved resentments against the descendants of some other group of citizens. The majority of us are apparently a long way from ceasing to hold the sins of the ancestors against their living children. Were the ancestors still living, we might be willing to refight our wars with them. In the early 1990s, one did not have to travel to Bosnia to find vivid examples of that truth in the life of the United States of America. As Euro-Americans prepared to celebrate the 500th anniversary of Columbus’s voyages, a mixed chorus of domestic voices rose in protest: “Our ancestors had nothing to celebrate in that landing. Neither do we.” It was one way of saying-if one were African American, Hispanic American, or Native American-that something more moral than Euro imperialism had better be at the base of a publicly shared memory capable of uniting the United States of America.
Enmity And Empathy: Japan And The United States
Authors: Shriver Donald W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pain can sear the human memory in two crippling ways: with forgetfulness of the past or imprisonment in it. The mind that insulates the traumatic past from conscious memory plants a live bomb in the depths of the psyche-it takes no great grasp of psychiatry to know that. But the mind that fixes on pain risks getting trapped in it. Too horrible to remember, too horrible to forget: down either path lies little health for the human sufferers of great evil. The survivors of battlefields throughout history have known the struggle with these unhealthy choices, but neither their forgetting of their stories nor the compulsive retelling of them serves the next generation. That generation will probably resent the retelling more than the forgetting; like young Germans of the nineties, they are likely to be impatient with the insistence of a Wiesel or a von Weizslicker on the uncompromising, never flagging remembrance of evils past. Understandably, the young tire of that insistence: “We have our own problems, our own challenges; we have to get on with our own future, however instructive you may think your past is.” Who is more likely to speak thus than young Americans? To this complaint, the survivors of old evil have one very pragmatic reply: “The evils you face have some of their roots in the past. Our past in your present threatens your future.” This argument is basic to the themes of this book, which returns to it often. But a second, philosophic reply amounts to an assault on the self-confidence of an upcoming generation. An older one is likely to be shy about resorting to it: “If we were capable of such great evil, so also are you.”
The Committee on Missions, 1792-1797
Authors: Rohrer James R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Connecticut pastors had legitimate reasons to worry about the welfare of their townspeople in the new settlements. The isolation and loneliness experienced by many migrants was traumatic, and few licentiates or ordained clergymen were available to minister to their needs. During the 1780s the pressing demand for orthodox preachers in Vermont alone far exceeded the supply of missionaries. When central and western New York opened to settlement in the early 1790s the shortage of Congregational ministers quickly reached crisis proportions. By 1795, the Connecticut General Association estimated that there were already more than two hundred settlements in Vermont, New York, and Pennsylvania where Congregational migrants resided without any orthodox shepherd. Over the next several years, as emigration from New England accelerated, the number of vacant settlements dramatically increased.
Electric Force Microscopy
Authors: Sarid Dror 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the principles of operation of electric force microscopy, which maps electrostatic forces across the surface of a sample. These forces, which are always attractive, act between a conducting tip supported by a lever and a conducting sample. We start with the basic theory of electrostatics and give several examples that are representative of relevant cases. These examples include a plane-parallel capacitor, a sphere and a plane, a line charge, a uniform surface charge distributed in a strip, a charged circular disk, and strips with alternate potentials. Next we develop the theory of operation of electric force microscopy for systems using a bimorph-driven lever, a sample-driven lever, and a voltage-driven lever. We derive general expressions that give the change in amplitude of vibration of the lever in terms of the parameters of the system and discuss the signal-to-noise ratio. We then present applications and experimental results of electric force microscopy related to topography, effective dielectric constant of a thin film, deposited charges, and potentials across a sample. We conclude with a summary that gives working equations for each practical case.
Kirkland Correctional Institution, South Carolina
Authors: Useem Bert , Camp Camille Graham , Camp George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the lessons of previous chapters is that the same problems that lead to prison riots, such as a breakdown in communication between administration and staff, also make it more difficult to limit or terminate the riot. The Kirkland riot shows the opposite side of the coin; the prison was generally well managed before the disturbance, and so was the resolution.
Kirkland Correctional Institution, opened in 1975, is a medium-security facility located on the outskirts of the capital city of Columbia, South Carolina. Adjacent to it are the headquarters of the department of corrections. The prison was opened in 1975. It has a campus-type layout, with detached buildings spread across grass-covered grounds (see Figure 7-1). On the west side of the grounds are seven housing units; on the east side are an administration building, an inmate industries building, a cafeteria, an infirmary, and a psychiatric unit for mentally disturbed inmates. In a central location is a large multipurpose building with an inmate store, library, barber shop, and academic and vocational classrooms.
Epilogue
Authors: Auyang Sunny Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The relation between knowledge and object, concept and experience, we and the world, is a central problem in philosophy and fascinates many people besides philosophers. The mind-body relation shows up in quantum interpretations, mainly through the writings of physicists. In many interpretations, the mind is conceived of as an observer that is peculiar for being beyond the laws of physics. They echo the philosophies in which the mind is an exotic object that is somehow affected by plain objects. These interpretations have been undermined by the research in the quantum measurement problem. We can find causal relations among objects, but these objects do not answer to the definitive qualities of observers; such qualities are outlawed in quantum theories.