bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycemic control of type 2 diabetes and severe periodontal disease in the US adult population
Authors: Tsai Carlene , Hayes Catherine , Taylor George W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective: We investigated the association between glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) and severe periodontal disease in the US adult population ages 45 years and older.Methods: Data on 4343 persons ages 45–90 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study III were analyzed using weighted multivariable logistic regression. Severe periodontal disease was defined as 2 + sites with 6 + mm loss of attachment and at least one site with probing pocket depth of 5 + mm. Individuals with fasting plasma glucose > 126 mg/dL were classified as having diabetes; those with poorly controlled diabetes (PCDM) had glycosylated hemoglobin > 9% and those with better‐controlled diabetes (BCDM) had glycosylated hemoglobin ≤ 9%. Additional variables evaluated in multivariable modeling included age, ethnicity, education, gender, smoking status, and other factors derived from the interview, medical and dental examination, and laboratory assays.Results: Individuals with PCDM had a significantly higher prevalence of severe periodontitis than those without diabetes (odds ratio = 2.90; 95% CI: 1.40, 6.03), after controlling for age, education, smoking status, and calculus. For the BCDM subjects, there was a tendency for a higher prevalence of severe periodontitis (odds ratio = 1.56; 95% CI: 0.90, 2.68).Conclusion: These results provide population‐based evidence to support an association between poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus and severe periodontitis.
The effects of torque control spurs in twin‐block appliances
Authors: Harradine N.W.T. , Gale D. 
Published: March 2003

The study compared the effects of torque control spurs on upper incisor retroclination and extrusion with two designs of a twin‐block functional appliance in Class II/1 cases. The two designs were also compared with respect to anchorage loss in the lower arch and for patient compliance rates. Consecutively started cases were chosen – 90 patients with a design incorporating a labial bow (CTB group) and 110 with upper incisor ‘torquing’ spurs (STB group) and used to calculate failure rates. Thirty consecutive patients with satisfactory records from each group were analysed cephalometrically. The STB group experienced substantially less upper incisor retroclination, reduced upper incisor extrusion and slightly more favourable mandibular growth. The labial movement of lower incisors and the patient compliance were not significantly different in the two groups. Overall, 82.5% of patients fully reduced their overjet with 9% failing to reduce the overjet below 6 mm.Fig. 1fimage
Expression of VCAM‐1, ICAM‐1, E‐selectin, and P‐selectin on endothelium in situ in patients with erythroderma, mycosis fungoides and atopic dermatitis
Authors: Sigurdsson Vigfús , De Vries I. Jolanda M. , Toonstra Johan , Bihari Ilse C. , Thepen Theo , Bruijnzeel‐Koomen Carla A.F.M. , Van Vloten Willem A. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Erythroderma may result from different causes. At present it is unclear whether the patho‐mechanisms that lead to these different types of erythroderma are identical or different. Adhesion molecules and their ligands play a major role in endothelial‐leukocyte interactions, which affect the binding, transmigration and infiltration of lymphocytes and mononuclear cells during inflammation, injury, or immunological stimulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cells in erythroderma in situ.Methods: Snap‐frozen skin biopsy specimens from 23 patients with erythroderma were studied. Eight had idiopathic erythroderma, 5 erythrodermic atopic dermatitis, 4 Sézary syndrome and 6 had erythroderma from miscellaneous causes. As a control we studied skin specimens from 10 patients with mycosis fungoides, 5 patients with atopic dermatitis and 5 healthy non‐atopic volunteers. To determine adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cells in situ, sections were immuno‐histochemically double stained with biotinylated Ulex Europaeus agglutinin 1 as a pan‐endothelial cell marker, and for the adhesion molecules VCAM‐1, ICAM‐1, E‐, and P‐selectin. All double‐ and single‐stained blood vessels in the dermis were counted.Results: Mean endothelial expression in erythroderma was as follows: VCAM‐1 51.4%, ICAM‐1 70.1%, E‐selectin 43.5%, and P‐selectin 52.6%. There was no statistical difference between different groups of erythroderma. Mean expression of all adhesion molecules tested, was in Sézary syndrome higher than in mycosis fungoides albeit not significant. In erythrodermic atopic dermatitis only VCAM‐1 expression was significantly higher than in lesional skin of atopic dermatitis. No differences were observed in expression of the other three adhesion molecules.Conclusions: There is no difference regarding adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cells between different types of erythroderma.
Non‐hematopoietic cutaneous metastases in children and adolescents: thirty years experience at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
Authors: Wesche W. A. , Khare V. K. , Chesney T. M. , Jenkins J. J. 
Published: March 2003

Background: The spectrum of cutaneous metastasis of non‐hematopoietic neoplasms in the pediatric population is not well documented. We report the histologic diversity of this unusual process over a 30‐year period at a tertiary care center for pediatric malignancy (St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA).Methods: Of 1,971 pathology accessions which included histologic material on skin (1,604 surgical cases and 367 autopsy cases) we found 40 cases (2% of total skin accessions) coded for metastatic non‐hematopoietic malignancy.Results: The patients (n=34) ranged in age from 1 month to 20 years (mean=9.8 years) and had a male:female ratio of 1:1. The histologic diagnoses were as follows: rhabdomyosarcoma NOS (6 cases), embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (4 cases), alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (4 cases), neuroblastoma (8 cases), osteosarcoma (2 cases), choriocarcinoma (2 cases), peripheral neuroepithelioma or Ewing's sarcoma (2 cases), malignant rhabdoid tumor (1 case), paraganglioma (1 case), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (1 case), sarcoma NOS (1 case), colon adenocarcinoma (1 case), and malignant melanoma (1 case).Conclusions: Cutaneous or subcutaneous metastasis of non‐hematopoietic malignancies in children and adolescents is a rare occurrence but in a high percentage of cases may be the first manifestation of disease. The tumors most likely to metastasize to the skin in children are rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma and they are more likely than adult malignancies to disseminate to multiple distant sites.
The combined utilization of clinical and histological findings in the diagnosis of trichotillomania
Authors: Bergfeld Wilma , Mulinari‐Brenner Fabiane , McCarron Karen , Embi Colleen 
Published: March 2003

Background: Trichotillomania (TM) is a chronic disorder in which patients traumatically remove their own hair in a bizarre pattern. TM histopathological findings are not well defined.Methods: Twenty‐eight scalp biopsies of TM were reviewed. Multiple vertical sections and special stains were used to evaluate the specimens. Twenty‐six patients (24 female, 2 male) were in the cohort, 2 patients had 2 sets of biopsies.Results:  Age range was 13^78 years (mean 41 years), most of them presented with chronic TM. Specific histological findings included trichomalacia (57%) and pigmented casts (46%). Non‐specific histological findings included: follicular plugging (96%), decreased number of follicles (96%), reversed anagen:telogen ratio (86%), decreased number of sebaceous glands (68%), melanoderma (68%), increased number of fibrous tracts (64%) and vellus hairs (57%), superficial dermal inflammation (57%), evidence of hemorrhage (18%) and presence of hair granulomas (18%).Conclusions:  Even though TM is often a disease of the young people, middle aged and elderly patients with TM have more often a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. This paper suggests diagnostic criteria for TM. Specific histological findings and clinical suspicion of TM were considered major criteria, while the non‐specific histological findings were considered minor diagnostic criteria for TM.
Expression of CD44 and CD44v6 in primary cutaneous CD30 positive T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Liang Xiayuan , Smoller Bruce R. , Golitz Loren E. 
Published: March 2003

Background:  Expression of the lymphocyte homing receptor CD44 and its variant form, CD44v6, have been linked to unfavorable prognosis and tumor dissemination in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. The role of CD44 and CD44v6 in primary cutaneous lymphomas may not necessarily correlate with that observed in nodal lymphomas. Our study attempts to evaluate the expression pattern of CD44 and CD44v6 in primary cutaneous CD30 positive T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders including primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (cALCL) and lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) and compared the expression between these two subgroups.Methods:  Immunohistochemical staining of CD44 and CD44v6 was performed on 10 cALCL and 18 LyP cases.Results:  CD44 consistently expressed in all cases of primary cutaneous CD30 positive T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders. In contrast with previous studies, our results showed that CD44v6 expressed in 46% of all cases, including 50% cALCL and 44% LyP. There was no statistic difference in expression of CD44 or CD44v6 between cALCL and LyP subgroups.Conclusions:  These results provide a new evidence that CD44v6 is expressed in a subset cases of primary cutaneous CD30 positiveT‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders and suggest that other factors or molecules rather than CD44 or CD44v6 are responsible for the difference between cALCL and LyP.
Diagnostic Cost Groups (DCGs) and Concurrent Utilization among Patients with Substance Abuse Disorders
Authors: Rosen Amy K. , Loveland Susan A. , Anderson Jennifer J. , Hankin Cheryl S. , Breckenridge James N. , Berlowitz Dan R. 
Published: March 2003

Objective. To assess the performance of Diagnostic Cost Groups (DCGs) in explaining variation in concurrent utilization for a defined subgroup, patients with substance abuse (SA) disorders, within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).Data Sources. A 60 percent random sample of veterans who used health care services during Fiscal Year (FY) 1997 was obtained from VA administrative databases. Patients with SA disorders (13.3 percent) were identified from primary and secondary ICD‐9‐CM diagnosis codes.Study Design. Concurrent risk adjustment models were fitted and tested using the DCG/HCC model. Three outcome measures were defined: (1) „service days” (the sum of a patient's inpatient and outpatient visit days), (2) mental health/substance abuse (MH/SA) service days, and (3) ambulatory provider encounters. To improve model performance, we ran three DCG/HCC models with additional indicators for patients with SA disorders.Data Collection. To create a single file of veterans who used health care services in FY 1997, we merged records from all VA inpatient and outpatient files.Principal Findings. Adding indicators for patients with mild/moderate SA disorders did not appreciably improve the R‐squares for any of the outcome measures. When indicators were added for patients with severe SA who were in the most costly category, the explanatory ability of the models was modestly improved for all three outcomes.Conclusions. Modifying the DCG/HCC model with additional markers for SA modestly improved homogeneity and model prediction. Because considerable variation still remained after modeling, we conclude that health care systems should evaluate „off‐the‐shelf” risk adjustment systems before applying them to their own populations.
Multiple follicular cysts, infundibular type with vellus hairs and solar elastosis of the ears: a new dermatoheliosis?
Authors: Morgan Michael B. , Stevens G. Lex , Somach Stephen 
Published: March 2003

Background:  Vellus hair cyst is an uncommon developmental abnormality of the vellus follicle histologically defined as a stratified squamous epithelial‐lined cyst containing one or more vellus hairs.Methods:  Herein, we report three patients with a heretofore described clinicopathologic condition consisting of multiple contiguous cysts of the ear helices showing solar elastosis and multiple cysts containing vellus hairs, microscopically.Conclusion:  Given the anatomic location, history of excessive ultraviolet exposure and pathologic alterations, we surmise that this is a condition related to Favre–Racouchot syndrome, which is predisposed by excessive ultraviolet light exposure.
Learning root debridement with curettes and power‐driven instruments in vitro: the role of operator motivation and self‐assessment
Authors: König J. , Rühling A. , Schlemme H. , Kocher T. , Schwahn C. , Plagmann H. C. 
Published: March 2003

The influence of systematic dummy‐head training with Periopolisher® (PP, group A) and Gracey instruments (GRA, group B) on the effectiveness of root debridement was evaluated by Rühling et al., 2002 (9). Their results indicate that independent of the instrument used, untrained operators were only able to debride root surfaces at low levels of effectiveness. It was possible to increase effectiveness to a high level through systematic training in both groups. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of operator motivation and self‐assessment on scaling effectiveness. Before baseline, operators were asked to answer a questionnaire rating the expectation of the instrument performance. Four groups of inexperienced operators (n = 11 each) received 10 weeks dummy‐head training. In groups A (GRA) and B (PP), training was combined with a motivational programme. Groups C (GRA) and D (PP) received the same training, but no additional motivational programme. In a dummy‐head, 10 test teeth were debrided and operators were asked to estimate their effectiveness of debridement at each test day. Effectiveness was calculated as percentage of debrided root area on 10 test teeth at different time points with an image analysis programme (NIH Image) and ANOVA. Two groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U‐test (unpaired) and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test (paired). Motivated groups (A and B) reached about 25% higher debridement results (p < 0.001) and were able to estimate their effectiveness more precisely compared to groups C and D. In the low motivation groups (C and D), overestimation of more than 20% was evident (p < 0.001). The questionnaires revealed underestimation of the GRA instruments and overestimation of PP instruments. Operator motivation and self‐assessment greatly influence learning of effective root debridement.
Treatment of plasma cell leukemia with vincristine, liposomal doxorubicin and dexamethasone
Authors: Christou Leonidas , Hatzimichael Eleftheria , Chaidos Aristidis , Tsiara Stavroula , Bourantas Konstantinos L. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Primary plasma cell (PCL) leukemia is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by a malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Survival with standard therapy using melphalan is very poor. Doxorubicin encapsulated with liposomes has less cardiotoxicity, is at least as efficient and has fewer side effects than conventional doxorubicin. Two female patients (69 and 54 yr old) with primary PCL are described in this study. They both received a modified form of VAD (vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone), a regimen which includes liposomal doxorubicin (40 mg/m2for 1 d), vincristine (2 mg for 1 d) and dexamethasone 40 mgper oson days 1–4, 9–12 and 17–20.A disease evaluation of the first patient after six courses of the modified \VAD regimen showed no plasma cells in the peripheral blood, a decrease in the serum M protein level and a plasma cell infiltration in the bone marrow of less than 5%. The patient died from a cardiac episode 24 months post‐diagnosis, while she was in complete hematological remission. The second patient also exhibited good tolerance to liposomal doxorubicin with no side effects, achieved complete haematological remission and remains in good condition 7 months after the last VAD administration. These results suggest that this modified form of VAD regimen also seems to work in PCL and is well tolerated with no side effects.
Initial exposed phosphatidylserine levels correlate with cellular response to cytotoxic drugs
Authors: Drucker Liat , Ciobotaro Pnina , Kimchi Oded , Tohami Tali , Yarkoni Shai , Radnay Judith , Shapira Hava , Lishner Michael 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Phosphatidylserine's (PS) membranal distribution is associated with an expanding variety of biological processes. We studied the relevance of preliminarily exposed membranal PS levels to cellular effects of cytotoxic agents. PBL of normal controls (n = 18) and patients with doxorubicin‐treated breast carcinoma (n = 27) or 5′‐fluorouracil‐treated colorectal cancer (n = 32) were assayed before and after drug infusion. Membranal expression levels of PS, adhesion molecules (CD18, CD11a–c, CD63) and Fas‐R of leukocyte subtypes were assessed by flow cytometer. Statistical analysis was implemented. Our results demonstrate external expression of PS on all leukocyte subpopulations despite non‐apoptotic light scatter characteristics. Several distinct features were observed of which the more prominent were: leukocyte subtypes each display characteristic PS levels; cancer patients’ PBL display higher preliminary PS levels than normal controls in all cell groups; and existence of negative correlations between initial membranal PS levels and drug‐induced changes in its expression. Our findings underscore the complex involvement of PS in PBL apoptosis and possibly drug resistance.
Delayed type (Type IV) hypersensitivity and reproduction problems: A foregoing multicenter study
Authors: Daniilidis M. , Kontopoulou V. , Apostolou I. , Yannoulis C. , Tsekoura C. , Tsilipakou M. , Stergioudas I. , Varla‐Leftherioti M. 
Published: March 2003

There is no bibliographical data concerning the role of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) (a Th1 type immune response) in reproduction.The aim of the study was to estimate DTH responses in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) or with repeated unsuccessful in vitro fertilizations (IVFs).One hundred and seventy women with two or more RSA (group A), 38 infertile women having three or more unsuccessful IVFs (group B) and 30 women who had two or more successful gestations and no abortions (group C, controls) were studied. All women were questioned whether they have expressed DTH response (typical question posed was whether they had a skin reaction to fake jewelry).In group C, 10/30 women (33%) replied positively. Respective ratios in group A and B were higher, but the difference was not statistically significant: in group A, 77/170 (45.3%) were DTH+ (group A1) and 93 (54.7%) DTH‐ (group A2), whereas in group B, 14/38 (36.8%) were DTH+ and 24 (63.2%) DTH‐ (groups B1 and B2, respectively). The average rate of miscarriages or unsuccessful IVFs was 2.9, 2.2, 3.3 and 2.7 in groups A1, A2, B1 and B2, respectively. Higher frequency of autoantibodies – mainly antithyroid – were observed in group A2 (NS). Women of group A2 delivered successfully more than twice as compared to A1 group women (22% over 9%, P < 0.02).The above findings give a primary indication that DTH, having the status of a Th1 type response, possibly constitutes a negatively influencing factor for reproduction.
The effect of progesterone and estrogen on proinflammatory cytokine costimulatory proliferative activity
Authors: Grekova S.P. , Vodyanik M.A. , Chernyshov V.P. 
Published: March 2003

The lymphocyte proliferation is multicomponent mechanism of immune system reactivity. Proinflammatory cytokines enhance proliferation of activated lymphocytes. Progesterone (P) and 17β‐estradiol (E2) inhibit proliferation of mitogen and alloantigen‐ activated lymphocytes. This work is to study the effect of P and E2 on costimulatory proliferative activity (CPA) of TNF, IL‐1α/βin vitro.Separated mononuclear cells from peripheral male blood were incubated in the presence of antiCD3 Ab, TNF or IL‐1α/β, P (2 mcg/mL), E2 (0.2 mcg/mL). Proliferation was determined by standard 3H‐thymidine incorporation assay. P and E2 inhibited lymphocyte response to antiCD3 antibody. P had a stronger effect than E2 (64 and 13% of inhibition). TNF increased antiCD3‐induced proliferation of lymphocytes by 24%, IL‐1α by 16%, IL‐1β by 19%. E2 enhanced the TNF–CPA, P neutralized this TNF‐induced effect and reverted it (inhibition of lymphocytes proliferation was enhanced in the presence 0.1‐2.5 ng/mL TNF). We found dominant inhibitory effect of P on the TNF‐CPA when P and E2 were added simultaneously. CPA of IL‐1α/β was down‐regulated by P and E2.Thus P and E2 had opposite effects on TNF–CPA (E2 enhanced it while P neutralized it) and down‐regulated CPA of IL‐1α/β. P alone or in combination with E2 showed dominant inhibitory effect on CPA of TNF, IL‐1α/β. Our results suggest possible roles for P and E2 as regulators of activity of proinflammatory cytokines and their functions in lymphocyte proliferation.
Suppressor macrophages in early pregnancy human decidua
Authors: Lidström Charlotte M. , Matthiesen Leif S. , Berg Göran , Sharma Surendra , Ernerudh Jan H. , Ekerfelt Christia B. 
Published: March 2003

INTRODUCTION:  Local immune modulation has been shown to be of considerable importance for successful pregnancy. We have previously detected the secretion of IFN‐γ, IL‐4 and IL‐10 in human decidua from early normal pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the cell types in decidua, as well as in peripheral blood, responsible for cytokine secretion.METHODS:  Decidual tissue and peripheral blood was collected from 20 healthy women undergoing surgical abortion during first trimester pregnancy. Monocytes/macrophages and NK cells were obtained by magnetic cell separation and the cytokine secretion was detected by a sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent spot‐forming cell (ELISPOT) assay.RESULTS:  Decidual and peripheral monocytes/ macrophages and NK cells spontaneously secrete IFN‐γ, IL‐4 and IL‐10. The number of IL‐10 secreting cells was significantly higher among decidual macrophages compared with decidual non‐monocytic cells and blood monocytes/macrophages. These differences were not seen for IFN‐γ or IL‐4. Our results indicate that macrophages subserve important suppressive functions in the pregnant uterus.