bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of overexpressed proline‐directed protein kinase FA with chemoresistance, invasion, and recurrence in patients with bladder carcinoma
Authors: Hsueh Sheng‐Fen , Lai Ming‐Tsung , Yang Chuan‐Ching , Chung Yuan‐Chiang , Hsu Chih‐Ping , Peng Chien‐Chung , Fu Hsiao‐Hui , Cheng Yung‐Ming , Chang King‐Jen , Yang Shiaw‐Der 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt has been shown previously that proline‐directed protein kinase FA (PDPK FA) is overexpressed in various human malignancies compared with its expression in normal controls, and the suppression of overexpressed PDPK FA is capable of inhibiting the growth of various types of human carcinoma cells, suggesting a role for this PDPK in human malignancies. In this report, the authors combine immunohistologic, molecular, cellular, and clinicopathologic studies to demonstrate further an essential critical role for overexpressed PDPK FA in bladder carcinoma invasion, chemoresistance, and poor prognosis.METHODSThe expression and localization of PDPK FA were analyzed by the immunohistochemical staining of specimens obtained from patients with primary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. The stable antisense clones of human bladder carcinoma cells with specific suppression of overexpressed PDPK FA were established for invasion and chemosensitivity studies.RESULTSThe immunohistochemical study revealed that PDPK FA was overexpressed preferentially in the invasive bladder carcinoma tissues. It was found that the stable antisense clones with specific suppression of overexpressed PDPK FA to ≈40% of the parental control level were capable of inhibiting the invasive activity and simultaneously enhancing the chemosensitivity of bladder carcinoma cells to various therapeutic drugs, such as vinblastine, vincristine, paclitaxel, and bleomycin. Clinicopathologic studies also revealed a correlation between overexpressed PDPK FA and disease recurrence/survival in patients with primary TCC (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSTaken together, the results demonstrate an essential critical role of overexpressed PDPK FA in invasion, chemoresistance, and poor prognosis. Suppression of overexpressed PDPK FA may provide a new potential target for therapeutic intervention aimed at preventing chemoresistance, disease progression, and recurrence in patients with bladder carcinoma. Cancer 2002;95:775–83. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10731
Proliferative activity is the most significant predictor of recurrence in noninvasive papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential and grade 1 papillary carcinomas of the bladder
Authors: Pich Achille , Chiusa Luigi , Formiconi Andrea , Galliano Diego , Bortolin Paola , Comino Alberto , Navone Roberto 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecurrence of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder cannot be predicted accurately by traditional criteria alone. This study examined the value of cell proliferative activity, morphometry, and expression ofp53,c‐erbB‐2, andbcl‐2oncogenes in predicting recurrence of superficial papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (LMP) and Grade 1 (G1) papillary carcinomas of the bladder.METHODSSixty‐two patients (mean age, 62 years) with newly diagnosed superficial pTa bladder tumors (19 LMP, and 43 G1) were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent transurethral resection (TUR). Median follow‐up was 69 months. Serial sections from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded material at initial TUR were stained with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) DO7, CB11, andbcl‐2‐124. Cell proliferation was assessed by MIB‐1 MoAb, the quantity of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region‐associated proteins (AgNORs), and mitotic count.RESULTSOf the 62 patients, 42 (67.7%) had one or more recurrences. Recurrence rates were higher in MIB‐1 (P< 0.0001) andp53immunopositive cases (P= 0.02), when the mitotic count was greater than 5 (P= 0.004), and in G1 carcinomas (P= 0.04). In univariate analysis, the disease‐free period was shorter for MIB‐1 (P< 0.0001) andp53immunopositive (P= 0.0001) cases, for cases with high AgNOR quantity (P= 0.04), mitotic count greater than 5 (P= 0.01), and in G1 carcinomas (P= 0.002). In multivariate analysis, only MIB‐1 immunoreactivity retained independent prognostic significance.CONCLUSIONSDespite the small cohort, the results confirm the prognostic value of cell proliferation andp53expression in patients with bladder neoplasms. The results also indicate that MIB‐1 immunopositivity is the most significant predictor of recurrence and disease‐free survival in superficial LMP and G1 papillary bladder carcinomas. Cancer 2002;95:784–90. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10733
A pilot study of thalidomide in patients with progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Daliani Danai D. , Papandreou Christos N. , Thall Peter F. , Wang Xuemei , Perez Cherie , Oliva Rose , Pagliaro Lance , Amato Robert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe highly vascular nature of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) suggests that angiogenesis inhibition may be therapeutic for patients with this disease. Thalidomide inhibits basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐induced angiogenesis.METHODSIn a pilot study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of escalating doses of thalidomide in patients with progressive metastatic RCC (mRCC), measurable disease, and good organ function. Patients received oral thalidomide starting at 200 mg per day and increasing by 100–200 mg per day weekly until a target dose of 1200 mg per day was reached. Study endpoints were objective tumor response and toxicity.RESULTSOf the 20 patients enrolled, 19 were evaluable for response. Eighteen achieved the target dose. The most common, but reversible, toxicities were constipation, somnolence, and fatigue. Peripheral neuropathy was seen after prolonged therapy, necessitating dose reduction. Two patients achieved a partial response and nine had stable disease for a median of 14 months (range, 3–17 months). Median time to progression was 4.7 months (range, 0.7–31.3 months). Fifteen patients died (median survival, 18.1 months; 95% lower confidence bound 10.7). Survival was significantly longer in patients with higher hemoglobin level and longer time from first metastasis to start of thalidomide, but significantly shorter in patients with multiple organ involvement and previous treatments.CONCLUSIONSThalidomide at this dose is associated with manageable acute toxicities but long‐term dose‐limiting neuropathy. Objective responses are rare in patients with mRCC and are characterized by delay in achieving maximum tumor reduction. Prolonged stable disease is seen in some patients, but the benefit of thalidomide, as well as other angiogenesis inhibitors, in that setting needs to be studied in controlled, randomized trials. Cancer 2002;95:758–65. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10740
Relationship between changes in hemoglobin level and quality of life during chemotherapy in anemic cancer patients receiving epoetin alfa therapy
Authors: Crawford Jeffrey , Cella David , Cleeland Charles S. , Cremieux Pierre‐Yves , Demetri George D. , Sarokhan Brenda J. , Slavin Mitchell B. , Glaspy John A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDHemoglobin increases have been associated with quality of life (QOL) improvements in anemic cancer patients treated with epoetin alfa, but intervention generally has been reserved for symptomatic anemia or hemoglobin < 10 g/dL. Relationships among hemoglobin, functional status, and patient reported QOL have not been well characterized.METHODSData from two open‐label, community‐based trials of epoetin alfa therapy that enrolled 4382 anemic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were used to evaluate the relationship between hemoglobin changes and QOL changes. The authors measured QOL using the Linear Analog Scale Assessment (LASA) and the more detailed, disease‐specific Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Anemia (FACT‐An) instrument. Analyses were performed to determine the incremental change in QOL associated with hemoglobin increases (1 g/dL increments).RESULTSCross‐sectional analyses showed a nonlinear relationship and significant positive correlation between high hemoglobin levels and high LASA and FACT‐An scores (r = 0.25 and 0.29, respectively, P < 0.01). Patients with hemoglobin increases of ≥ 2 g/dL reported statistically significant improvements in five FACT‐An items selected a priori specifically to reflect functional capacity. An incremental analysis used regression methods to identify the longitudinal relationship between incremental changes in hemoglobin and QOL scores. This relationship was found to be nonlinear, with the maximum QOL gain occurring at a hemoglobin level of 12 g/dL (range, 11–13 g/dL). Patients with low baseline QOL scores and longer time periods between baseline and final QOL assessments experienced significantly (P < 0.05) greater increases in overall QOL. Progressive disease at baseline, change in disease status from baseline to end of study, and increase in self‐reported pain or nausea all had significant (P < 0.05) negative effects on QOL scores.CONCLUSIONSA direct relationship exists between hemoglobin increases during epoetin alfa therapy and corresponding QOL improvements in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy across the clinically relevant hemoglobin range of 8–14 g/dL. These data suggest that the maximal incremental gain in QOL occurs when hemoglobin is in the range of 11–13 g/dL. Cancer 2002;95:888–95. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10763
Evidence from V1 connections for both dorsal and ventral subdivisions of V3 in three species of new world monkeys
Authors: Lyon David C. , Kaas Jon H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe used patterns of connections of primary visual cortex (V1) to reevaluate differing proposals on the organization of extrastriate cortex in three species of New World monkeys. Several fluorescent tracers and the bidirectional tracer cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) were injected into dorsal V1 (representing the lower visual quadrant) and ventral V1 (representing the upper visual quadrant) of titi, squirrel, and owl monkeys. Labeled cells and terminals were plotted on brain sections cut parallel to the surface of flattened cortex and were related to architectonic boundaries. The results provided compelling evidence for both dorsal V3 with dorsal V1 connections and ventral V3 with ventral V1 connections. The connection pattern indicated that V3 represents the visual hemifield as a mirror image of V2. In addition, V3 could be recognized by a weak banding pattern in brain sections processed for cytochrome oxidase. V1 has connections with at least 12 subdivisions of visual cortex, with half of the connections involving V2 and 20% V3. Comparable results were obtained from all three species, suggesting that visual cortex is similarly organized. J. Comp. Neurol. 449:281–297, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Vlasov‐Poisson‐Boltzmann system near Maxwellians
Authors: Guo Yan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe dynamics of dilute electrons can be modeled by the Vlasov‐Poisson‐Boltz‐mann system, where electrons interact with themselves through collisions and with their self‐consistent electric field. It is shown that any smooth, periodic initial perturbation of a given global Maxwellian that preserves the same mass, momentum, and total energy (including both kinetic and electric energy), leads to a unique global‐in‐time classical solution. The construction of global solutions is based on an energy method with a new estimate of dissipation from the collision: ∫0t〈Lf(s), f(s)〉ds is positive definite for solution f(t,x,v) with small amplitude to the Vlasov‐Poisson‐Boltzmann system (1.4). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐organization and selection in the emergence of vocabulary
Authors: Ke Jinyun , Minett James W. , Au Ching‐Pong , Wang William S.‐Y. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHuman language may have started from a consistent set of mappings between meanings and signals. These mappings, referred to as the early vocabulary, are considered to be the results of conventions established among the agents of a population. In this study, we report simulation models for investigating how such conventions can be reached. We propose that convention is essentially the product of self‐organization of the population through interactions among the agents and that cultural selection is another mechanism that speeds up the establishment of convention. Whereas earlier studies emphasize either one or the other of these two mechanisms, our focus is to integrate them into one hybrid model. The combination of these two complementary mechanisms, i.e., self‐organization and cultural selection, provides a plausible explanation for cultural evolution, which progresses with high transmission rate. Furthermore, we observe that as the vocabulary tends to convergence there is a uniform tendency to exhibit a sharp phase transition. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wireless provision of true VoD services and fast access to Internet
Authors: Pallis E. , Kourtis A. , Alexandridis A. A. , Smith M. C. B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe evolution of digital compression techniques has made possible the provision of full‐motion video services through networking infrastructures of sufficient bandwidth. This paper presents a wireless broadband network, which is capable of providing true interactive VoD services (with full VCR functions) and fast access to Internet to a number of simultaneous clients. The network is based on frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) technology operating in the 2.4
GHz frequency band. The paper describes the system architecture and configuration adopted in a real environment trial and elaborates on the provided picture quality in a multi‐client environment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utility of cytomorphologic criteria and p53 immunolocalization in distinguishing benign from malignant cystic squamous‐lined lesions of the neck on fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Nasuti Joseph F. , Braccia Marian G. , Roberts Shelley , Baloch Zubair W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration can effectively distinguish between benign and malignant cystic lesions of the head and neck. However, in some instances it may be difficult to arrive at a definite diagnosis due to limited cellularity, reactive changes, and cellular degeneration. In this study we examined the usefulness of six cytomorphologic features including the presence or prevalence of nuclear atypia, anucleated cells, tissue fragments, necrosis, and background inflammation in distinguishing between benign and malignant cystic lesions of the head and neck. The case cohort comprised 14 benign and 22 malignant cases. P53 immunostain was performed in 19 cases. These features were semiquantitatively measured on a sliding scale of 0–4 in both air‐dried Diff‐Quik‐stained, alcohol‐fixed Papanicolaou‐stained smears and Millipore filter preparations. Mean and standard errors were calculated and statistical significance was evaluated by unpaired t‐test (StatView). Increased number of tissue fragments (P < 0.001), greater degree of nuclear atypia (P < 0.001), and background necrosis (P < 0.001) were more frequent in cystically degenerating squamous carcinoma as compared to benign squamous cystic lesions. No significant differences were noted in the number of single cells, anucleated cells, or in the amount of background inflammation found in aspirates of benign vs. malignant cystic squamous lesions. A higher percentage of the malignant cystic squamous lesions FNA cases demonstrated p53 immunolocalization but this difference was not statistically significant. Application of the above‐mentioned cytomorphologic criteria and the use of p53 immunostain could effectively distinguish between benign and malignant cystic lesions of the head and neck. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:10–14. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Individual housing during the play period results in changed responses to and consequences of a psychosocial stress situation in rats
Authors: Von Frijtag J. C. , Schot M. , van den Bos R. , Spruijt B. M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn the present study, the consequences of individual rearing during the play period on adult responses to aggression were investigated in a complex social setting. In a group of either socially or individually reared rats, an aggressor was repeatedly introduced. Separate control groups of individually and socially reared rats were not exposed to an aggressor. To allow an interpretation of the altered reactivity to aggression in terms of (in)efficient or (in)adequate behavior, not only the responses in the presence of the aggressor but also the consequences of the altered reactivity on subsequent behavior in the absence of the aggressor were observed. We demonstrated that a higher number of injuries, more agitation of the aggressor, and more ultrasonic distress vocalizations accompanied the altered responses of individually reared rats in the presence of the aggressor. In the absence of the aggressor, individually reared rats displayed less social stress‐reducing behaviors (play and social grooming) than socially reared rats. It was concluded that individually reared rats display a less adequate response to aggression in this social context. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 41: 58–69, 2002. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/dev.10057
Fear, disgust, and abnormal eating attitudes: A preliminary study
Authors: Harvey Tony , Troop Nicholas A. , Treasure Janet L. , Murphy Tara 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveClinical descriptions of eating disorders emphasize the role of fear (e.g., fear of weight gain, weight phobia, morbid dread of fatness). The present study explored whether disgust, an emotion that is linked intimately with food, may also be an important emotional response to eating and weight‐related issues in women with abnormal eating attitudes.MethodForty nonclinical female participants were presented with a series of food, drink, body shape, and emotion‐related stimuli. They were asked to rate each on a number of responses associated with fear and disgust. In addition, participants completed standard questionnaire measures of eating attitudes, phobias, and disgust sensitivity.ResultsRatings of fear and disgust were higher in women with abnormal eating attitudes than in those without for high‐calorie foods and for overweight body shapes, but not for drinks and slim body shapes. In response to fear and disgust relevant images, women with abnormal eating attitudes also rated emotional responses higher, but this was restricted to the appropriate emotion (i.e., higher levels of fear in response to fear stimuli and higher levels of disgust in response to disgust stimuli).ConclusionIn women with abnormal eating attitudes, both disgust and fear responses to food and body shape issues are equally salient. Thus, an emphasis on fear in eating disorders, to the exclusion of disgust, may be unwarranted. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 213–218, 2002.
RHiNET‐2/SW: High‐speed network switch implemented with parallel optical interconnection for parallel computing system
Authors: Nishimura Shinji , Kudoh Tomohiro , Nishi Hiroaki , Yamamoto Junji , Harasawa Katsuyoshi , Fukuda Shuji , Shikichi Yasutaka , Akutsu Shigeto 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe developed the RHiNET‐2/SW high‐speed network switch for a high‐throughput parallel computing system consisting of optically interconnected distributed personal computers (PCs). RHiNET‐2/SW enables high‐throughput network switching (64 Gbit/s) by means of a switching LSI and eight pairs of synchronized parallel optical interconnection modules. To confirm the reliability of RHiNET‐2/SW, we measured its bit error rate (BER), which was less than 10−11(estimated value: 10−20). Five RHiNET‐2/SWs and sixteen PC nodes can perform parallel computing. This result demonstrates the feasibility of optical interconnection in a high‐speed, flexible network in a parallel computing system. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(6): 1–10, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10022
Fuzzy‐reasoning‐based computer‐aided diagnosis for automated discrimination of myocardial heart disease from ultrasonic images
Authors: Tsai Du‐Yih , Lee Yongbum 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper describes a fuzzy‐reasoning‐based computer‐aided diagnosis scheme for automated classification of cardiomyopathy from ultrasonic images. Unlike the conventional types of membership functions such as triangle and trapezoid, Gaussian‐distributed membership functions (GDMFs) are employed in the present study. The GDMFs are initially generated using various texture‐based features computed from gray‐level co‐occurrence matrices. Subsequently, the shapes of GDMFs are optimized by a genetic‐algorithm learning process. After optimization, the classifier is used to discriminate two sets of echocardiographic images, namely, normal and abnormal cases, which were diagnosed in advance by a highly trained physician. We experimentally evaluate the performance of the proposed method against various methods reported in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and total accuracy. Our results show the promise of the proposed approach in discriminating cardiomyopathy. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(11): 1–8, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10025
A unified proposal for characteristic testing methods and figure of merit of 8‐kV/3.5‐kVA class light‐triggered thyristors
Authors: Asano Katsunori , Sugawara Yoshitaka 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPower devices with high capability have been developed. 8‐kV/3.5‐kA‐class light‐triggered thyristors have the highest capability among power devices. These devices are used in the Kii Channel HVDC transmission system in Japan. In this paper, we report the extracted problems of conventional testing methods of 8‐kV/3.5‐kA‐class light‐triggered thyristors among manufacturers, and the proposed unified testing methods on the basis of element characteristics and operating conditions in the Kii Channel HVDC system. Furthermore, we propose a figure of merit for power devices for the practical use, and try to extract elements used at the Kii Channel HVDC system with small margins and low withstand capabilities. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(3): 61–70, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10024
Factors influencing the dielectric properties of linear low‐density polyethylene
Authors: Ono Hironaga , Araoka Makoto , Hirai Naoshi , Ohki Yoshimichi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe investigated the factors that influence dielectric properties such as the breakdown strength and conduction current of linear low‐density polyethylene. Films with a lower melt‐flow‐rate show a higher dielectric strength. Furthermore, the catalyst used to polymerize the film affects the dielectric strength, although additives in the film scarcely affect its electrical properties. The effect of crosslinking on dielectric breakdown in linear low‐density polyethylene was found to be similar to that in low‐density polyethylene. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(3): 1–7, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10035