bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACTH 1-24 inhibits proliferation of adrenocortical tumors in vivo
Authors: Zwermann Oliver , Schulte Dominik M , Reincke Martin , Beuschlein Felix 
Published: August 2005

Objectives: Although several lines of evidence suggest that the overall effects of the ACTH receptor, melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2-R), mediated signal transduction on adrenocortical growth and tumorigenesis are anti-proliferative, activation of MC2-R induces mitogens like jun, fos, and myc and activates the MAPK pathway.In vivo, potential effects of endogenous ACTH on adrenal tumori-genesis can not be separated from effects of other POMC derived peptides.Methods: Murine adrenocortical tumor cells that lack MC2-R expression (Y6pcDNA) and Y6 cells stablely transfected with MC2-R (Y6MC2-R) were generated. Presence of functional MC2-R was demonstrated by RT-PCR and Western blot using an antibody for phosphorylated CREB. As a syngenic tumor model, LaHeF1/J mice simultaneously received 107Y6MC2-Rand Y6pcDNAsubcutaneously, giving rise to MC2-R positive and negative tumors within the same animal. Animals were treated for 3 weeks in groups of 12 according to the following schedule: group A, control animals receiving saline injection; group B, animals receiving 5.7 ng/injection of a slow release formula of ACTH 1-24 administered i.p. three times a week (aiming at a low physiologic dose); and group C, animals receiving 57 ng/injection of ACTH 1-24 (high physiological dose).Results: Twenty days of ACTH 1-24 treatment did not significantly affect corticosterone levels, endogenous ACTH levels or adrenal and thymus weight compared with saline injection. However, ACTH 1-24 treatment of group B and C mice significantly reduced tumor weight in MC2-R positive tumors in a dose dependent manner (P= 0.03), while no significant difference in tumor mass was observed in MC2-R negative tumors. PCNA and TUNEL staining, together with morphological characterization, demonstrated that thesein vivoeffects were due to reduced proliferation, while apoptosis and cellular hypertrophy within the tumor remained unchanged.Conclusion: MC2-R expression is associated with a less aggressive adrenal tumor phenotype and anti-proliferative effects can be amplified through stimulation with physiological doses of ACTH.
Regulation of CRH-induced secretion of ACTH and corticosterone by SOM230 in rats
Authors: Silva A P , Schoeffter P , Weckbecker G , Bruns C , Schmid H A 
Published: August 2005

Objective: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing’s syndrome is biochemically characterized by increased plasma concentrations of ACTH inducing hypersecretion of cortisol. Somatostatin is known to inhibit ACTH secretion, and in vitro data have shown the inhibition of ACTH secretion by agonists activating sst2 and sst5 receptors. The present study aimed to determine the inhibitory effect of the multireceptor ligand SOM230, compared with the sst2-preferring agonist octreotide, on corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-stimulated secretion of ACTH and corticosterone in rats.
Methods: Secretion of ACTH and corticosterone was induced by i.v. application of CRH (0.5 μg/kg) in rats pretreated 1 h before by i.v. application of SOM230 (1, 3, or 10 μg/kg), octreotide (10 μg/kg) or NaCl 0.9%.
Results: SOM230 (3 and 10 μg/kg) inhibited CRH-induced ACTH release by 45±3% and 51±2%, respectively, and corticosterone release by 43±5% and 27±16%, respectively. 10 μg/kg of octreotide tended to be less potent at inhibiting ACTH release (34±6% inhibition) and did not alter the secretion of corticosterone.
Conclusion: SOM230 has a stronger inhibitory effect on ACTH and corticosterone secretion than octreotide in rats. This difference can be explained by its higher affinity to sst1, sst3 and especially sst5 receptors compared with octreotide.
A Method for Correcting the Relative Weight (Wr) Index for Seasonal Patterns in Relative Condition (Kn) with Length as Applied to Walleye in Wisconsin
Authors: Hansen Michael J. , Nate Nancy A. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
We determined whether the relative weight (Wr) model for walleye Sander vitreus was representative of populations in Wisconsin and if relative weight varied with length seasonally. We then developed standard condition (Kn) models that correct for seasonal variation in body condition. We compiled data from 54,657 walleyes sampled during 640 surveys of 202 lakes in 30 Wisconsin counties. Weight–length relationships and mean relative weight varied more widely for Wisconsin populations than for North American populations overall. Weight–length relationships and mean relative weight varied significantly among seasons, with the highest slope (lowest intercept) and mean relative weight in spring, lowest slope (highest intercept) and mean relative weight in early summer, and intermediate slopes (and intercepts) and mean relative weights in late summer and autumn. Mean relative weight increased with length in spring, decreased with length in early summer, and did not change with length in late summer, autumn, or over all seasons combined. For samples collected in spring or early summer, we found that relative weight did not accurately index body condition or estimate trends in body condition with length. We propose a new index, adjusted relative weight (the product of Wr and a seasonal Kn model, Wr · Kn) that adjusts relative weight for life-history-based seasonal trends in body condition with length.
The Vikings bare their filed teeth
Authors: Arcini Caroline 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFinds of deliberate dental modification have for the first time been found in archaeological human skeletal material from Europe. The type of modification is a horizontally filed furrow on the frontal upper part of the tooth crown. The furrows are single or, more usually, multiple, and are found on the front teeth in the maxilla. The affected individuals are 24 men from the Viking Age (ca. 800–1050 AD), found in present day Sweden and Denmark. The marks are so well‐made that it is most likely they were filed by a person of great skill. The reason for, and importance of, the furrows are obscure. The affected individuals may have belonged to a certain occupational group (such as tradesmen), or the furrows could have been pure decoration. Am J Phys Anthropol., 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dietary Inferences from Dental Occlusal Microwear at Mission San Luis de Apalachee
Authors: Organ Jason M. , Teaford Mark F. , Larsen Clark Spencer 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSan Luis de Apalachee, one of a chain of Roman Catholic missions established in Spanish Florida (modern states of Georgia and Florida) in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, was the principal center of missionization of native populations in the Florida panhandle. Paleoethnobotanical remains yield evidence of production of various kinds of crops at the site, typical of nearly all mission period sites in the area. Stable isotope (carbon and nitrogen) analysis and dental caries evidence suggest that maize was not as important in the diet at San Luis as in other contemporary settings in the region. Ethnohistorical research indicates a heavier reliance on meat consumption compared to other mission settings. This study examines dental microwear of occlusal surfaces of maxillary molars from San Luis and five other Native American mission period sites in Spanish Florida. Epoxy casts of molar crushing facets were photographed under 500× magnification, using a scanning electron microscope. Photomicrographs were digitized using Microware 4.02 (Ungar [2002a]) and statistically evaluated using one‐way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's multiple comparisons tests. These analyses reveal that the frequency of pitting on the San Luis molars is significantly greater than for other mission period sites. Consistent with bioarchaeological, historical, and archaeological documentation, these findings suggest that diets were different in the San Luis natives in comparison with the other native populations in Spanish Florida. Various dietary factors likely came into play, resulting in these differences, and may have included significantly greater meat consumption at San Luis. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2005 © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study on esterification of acrylic phenolic resin by maleic anhydride and photocrosslinking properties of the alkali‐soluble product
Authors: Xie Hong‐Quan , Zhan Xue‐Gui , Xie Dong 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAn alkali‐soluble, photocrosslinkable polymer was synthesized by esterification of OH groups of acrylic phenolic resin with maleic anhydride. The OH groups were formed by the ring‐opening reaction of epoxy groups of epoxy phenolic resin with acrylic acid. The esterification conditions were studied. The results showed that it is better to use tetramethyl ammonium bromide as catalyst than N,N‐dimethylbenzylamine. The conversion of maleic anhydride in acetone can reach about 80% at 56°C for 4 h. The purified product was characterized by IR, DSC, and TGA. The product containing acrylate and maleic acid monoester groups, above a certain content, can be dissolved in 1% Na2CO3 solution. The photocrosslinkable properties of the product were investigated through selection of photoinitiator, accelarator, crosslinkable diluent monomer, etc. The acrylate and maleic acid monoester group‐containing phenolic resin exhibited very good photocrosslinking behavior, since it contains double bonds from both acrylate groups and maleic acid monoester groups. The activity of photoinitiator decreases in the order: isopropylthioanthraquinone > benzoin ethyl ether (BE) > anthraquinone (AQ) > benzophenone > Michel ketone (MK) > 2,2‐diethoxyacetophenone. The combination of some photoinitiators showed synergistic effects. The order of increasing activity for the accelerator is as follows: MK > ethyl p‐(dimethylamino)benzoate > N,N‐dimethylaniline > triethanolamine. The optimum diluent monomer is trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. The gel content of the mixture of the resin and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate could reach 85% using the combined photoinitiators of BE and AQ under UV exposure for 120 s. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1607–1614, 2005
Preparation of monodispersed hollow polymer particles by seeded emulsion polymerization under low emulsifier conditions
Authors: Yuan Cai‐Deng , Miao Ai‐Hua , Cao Jian‐Wei , Xu Yong‐Shen , Cao Tong‐Yu 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn a low emulsifier system, the MMA‐BA‐MAA copolymer emulsions were prepared as seed latices and the seeded emulsion polymerization of MMA‐MAA‐DVB was consequently carried out to prepare carboxylated core particles. The hydrophobic shell was then synthesized onto the core using styrene, acrylonitrile, and divinylbenzene as comonomers. The hollow latex particles were obtained by alkalization treatment of the core‐shell latex particles. The effects of the feeding rate of monomer mixture, contents of emulsifier SDBS and crosslinking agent DVB, and ratio of the monomers during the core stage and shell stage on the morphology and volume expansion of the latex particles were investigated. The results show that the monodispersed hollow latex particles with large size can be obtained when the feeding rate is 0.1 g/min, SDBS content is 0.15 and 0.2 wt % during the core stage and shell stage, respectively, DVB contents are 1% during the preparation of shell copolymers, and the monomer ratio of the core particle to shell layer is 1 : 8. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1505–1510, 2005
Melt processable conducting poly(aniline‐co‐o‐anisidine)/linear low‐density polyethylene composites with ethylene‐acrylic acid copolymer as compatibilizer
Authors: Wang Gengchao , Shen Zhongyuan , Li Xingwei , Li Chunzhong 
Published: August 2005

AbstractConducting composites of aniline/o‐anisidine copolymer doped by dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (P(An‐co‐oAs)‐DBSA), linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), and ethylene–acrylic acid copolymer (EAA) as compatibilizer were prepared by melt processing. The effects of composition on electrical conductivity, resistivity‐temperature characteristic, and mechanical properties were also investigated. The electrical conductivity of ternary composites markedly increased due to compatibilizition and protonation effect of the EAA. The SEM micrograph shows that the compatibility between the P(An‐co‐oAs)‐DBSA and the LLDPE matrix is enhanced after the introduction of EAA. The positive temperature coefficient of resistivity characteristic is observed. Tensile strength of P(An‐co‐oAs)‐DBSA/LLDPE/EAA composites is improved, compared with P(An‐co‐oAs)‐DBSA/LLDPE composites. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1511–1516, 2005
Electrical resistance response of poly(ethylene oxide)‐based conductive composites to organic vapors: Effect of filler content, vapor species, and temperature
Authors: Hu Ji Wen , Cheng Gen Shui , Zhang Ming Qiu , Li Ming Wei , Xiao Ding Shu , Chen Shi Guo , Rong Min Zhi , Zheng Qiang 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this work conductive composites consisting of carbon black (CB) and poly(ethylene oxide) were prepared by solution mixing. The composites' resistance drastically changes in organic vapors so that the composites can be used as candidates for gas‐sensing materials. Owing to the different conduction mechanisms and solvent/composites interactions, the electrical response behaviors of the composites exhibit specific dependences on CB content and environmental temperature, which were only reported previously in a few instances. In addition, the rate of response was also correlated with solvent polarity, solubility, etc. The findings would help to understand the micromechanism of response of the composites and to improve the sensing performance as well. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1517–1523, 2005
Polystyrene anchored vanillin Schiff base—Complexation and ion removal studies
Authors: Kumar Krishnapillai Girish , John Konnully Saji , Poduval Remalakshmy 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA set of six new polystyrene anchored metal complexes have been synthesized by the reaction of the metal salt with the polystyrene anchored Schiff base of vanillin. These complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance studies, thermal studies, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The elemental analyses suggest a metal : ligand ratio of 1 : 2. The ligand is unidentate and coordinates through the azomethine nitrogen. The Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes are all paramagnetic while Zn(II) is diamagnetic. The Cu(II) complex is assigned a square planar structure, while Zn(II) is assigned a tetrahedral structure and Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), and Ni(II) are all assigned octahedral geometry. The thermal analyses were done on the ligand and its complexes to reveal their stability. Further, the application of the Schiff base as a chelating resin in ion removal studies was investigated. The polystyrene anchored Schiff base gave 96% efficiency in the removal of Ni(II) from a 20‐ppm solution in 15 min, without any interference from ions such as Mn(II), Co(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), Zn(II), U(VI), Na+, K+, NH4+, Ca2+, Cl−, Br−, NO3−, NO2−,and CH3CO2−. The major advantage is that the removal is achieved without altering the pH. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1536–1539, 2005
Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the isothermal curing reaction of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A/Ni(II) chelate system
Authors: Ghaemy M. , Omrani A. , Rostami A. A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe curing reaction of a system consisting of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) based epoxy and a new inorganic complex curing agent based on Ni(II) chelate with ethylendiamine (en) as a ligand was studied with an isothermal Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique. The hardener was prepared and characterized by means of FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and ICP–plasma techniques. The results of kinetic studies with two kinetic models, Horie et al. and Kamal, showed that the Kamal method gave the best fit to the experimental data. The overall values of the rate constants and activation energy for the DGEBA/Ni(en)3Br2 system were calculated. The activation energy of the curing process was also determined by an isoconversional method, which showed that with the progress of curing time, the activation energy increased. Further, the results obtained from thermodynamic studies give the entropy change of activation, which was more negative for the nth‐order path, whereas the activation heat of the reaction was more negative for the autocatalytic path. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1540–1547, 2005
Ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone with a divalent samarium bis(phosphido) complex
Authors: Jiang Liming , Lou Liping , Sun Weilin , Xu Lina , Shen Zhiquan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone initiated with a divalent samarium bis(phosphido) complex [Sm(PPh2)2] is reported. The polymerization proceeded under mild reaction conditions and resulted in polyesters with number‐average molecular weights of 8.2 × 103 to 12.5 × 103. The yield and molecular weight of poly(ε‐caprolactone)s were dependent on the experimental parameters, such as the monomer/initiator molar ratio, the monomer concentration, the reaction temperature, and the polymerization time. The obtained polymers were characterized with Fourier transform infrared, NMR, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. On the basis of an end‐group analysis of low‐molecular‐weight polymers by NMR spectroscopy, a coordination–insertion mechanism is proposed for the polymerization. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1558–1564, 2005
Cellulose nanofibers prepared by the N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide method
Authors: Kulpinski Piotr 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe process of electrospinning is very suitable for obtaining fibers with a diameter on a nanometer scale. Such fibers can be spun from almost all kinds of known polymers, copolymers, and polymer blends. In this work, we present cellulose nanofibers obtained by the electrospinning process from spinning dopes containing cellulose dissolved in an N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide/water system. Under different electrospinning process conditions, cellulose fibers, a nonwoven fiber network, and a cellulose membrane were obtained. The fibers were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The diameters of the fibers were in the submicrometer range. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1855–1859, 2005
Synthesis and characterization of polyamides X 18
Authors: Cui Xiaowen , Li Weihua , Yan Deyue , Yuan Cuiming , Di Silvestro Giuseppe 
Published: August 2005

AbstractStep heating melt polycondensation was adopted in the preparation of polyamides based on 1,16‐octadecane diacid and α,ω(CH2)2n diamines (n = 1–6). The structure was confirmed by various spectroscopic techniques (IR, Raman, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR). High molecular masses were obtained only in the presence of an excess of diamine and when the diamine possessed low volatility. The molecular masses were between (0.94 and 2.1) × 104 Da for all polyamides under consideration. An excellent correlation between size exclusion chromatography and 1H‐NMR data was demonstrated in the measurement of the degree of polymerization. The melting temperatures of the polyamides decreased from polyamide 12 18 to polyamide 2 18 as the amide density along the molecular chain declined. No significant variation was observed in the glass‐transition and decomposition temperatures of the polyamides that were obtained. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1565–1571, 2005
Effect of intercalated hydrotalcite on swelling and mechanical behavior for poly(acrylic acid‐co‐N‐isopropylacrylamide)/hydrotalcite nanocomposite hydrogels
Authors: Lee Wen‐Fu , Chen Yung‐Chu 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA series of nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared from acrylic acid (AA), N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), and intercalated hydrotalcite (IHT) by photopolymerization. The influence of the intercalating content of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) in HT on the swelling and mechanical properties for poly(AA‐co‐NIPAAm)/IHT nanocomposite hydrogels was investigated. The results showed that the higher the content of the AMPS‐HT was, the higher the swelling ratio of the gels and the higher the content of the intercalating agent was, the lower swelling ratio. It was also demonstrated that the swelling ratio of the gel was not affected by the counterion in HT. The gel strength and crosslinking density were not enhanced by adding AMPS‐HT into the gel composition, but the maximum effective crosslink density and shear modulus of the nanocomposite hydrogels were increased with an increase of the content of the intercalating agent in HT. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1572–1580, 2005
Improving oxygen barrier properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by incorporating isophthalate. I. Effect of orientation
Authors: Liu R. Y. F. , Hu Y. S. , Hibbs M. R. , Collard D. M. , Schiraldi D. A. , Hiltner A. , Baer E. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe present study examined poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and a series of statistical and blocky copolymers in which up to 30% of the terephthalate was replaced with isophthalate by copolymerization and melt blending, respectively. Some level of transesterification during processing of melt blends resulted in blocky copolymers, as confirmed by NMR. Random and blocky copolymers exhibited similar properties in the glassy state, including a single glass transition, due to miscibility of the blocks. However, random copolymerization effectively retarded cold‐crystallization from the glass whereas blocky copolymers readily cold‐crystallized to a crystallinity level close to that of PET. The polymers were oriented at four temperatures in the vicinity of the Tg and characterized by oxygen transport, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. Orientation of all the copolymers resulted in property changes consistent with strain‐induced crystallization. However, blocky copolymers oriented more easily than random copolymers of the same composition and after orientation exhibited slightly lower oxygen permeability, higher density, and higher fraction trans conformers. Analysis of oxygen solubility based on free volume concepts led to a two‐phase model from which the amount of crystallinity and the amorphous phase density were extracted. Dedensification of the amorphous phase correlated with the draw temperature. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1615–1628, 2005
Steady flow and dynamic viscoelastic behavior of nylon 1313 using parallel‐plate rheometer and capillary rheometer
Authors: Wang Yudong , Zhao Qingxiang , Liu Minying , Wang Zhimin , Liu Yukun , Cao Shaokui , Zhao Tianzeng 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this study, a novel nylon with long alkane segments (also called nylon 1313), which was synthesized using 1,13‐tridecanedioic acid in our laboratory, has been characterized. Different rheological behaviors of nylon 1313 have been presented using steady shear, creep recovery, and dynamic tests. The time‐temperature effects have also been investigated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1643–1651, 2005