bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creation of ten new variety of Begonia through interspecific Hybridization: A Study from Bali Botanic Garden’s Collection
Authors: Hendriyani E , Ardaka I M , Lugrayasa I N , Warseno T , Siregar H M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Begonia is one of the plant genera and very popular as an ornamental plant. Bali Botanic Garden has collected and conserved at least 90 species and 241 exotic Begonia. As an ornamental plant, Begonia has unique, special and beautiful characteristic in its leaf, flower and plant features. Interspecific hybridization is commonly used to improve the morphological character of Begonia. The purpose of this study is to define new variety of Begonia from the interspecific hybridization of Bali Botanic Garden Begonia’s collection. From 2014 until 2022, ten new varieties of Begonia obtained from several species: B. acetosa, B. caravan, B. cuculata white, B. fenicis, B. fimbriata red, B. goegoensis, B. incarnate, B. listada, B. longifolia, B. semperflorens, B. silver queen, B. sizemorae, B. sudjanae, B. tuberosa and B. variepeltata. The new variety are: Begonia “Tuti Siregar”, Begonia “Longisilver”, Begonia “Longigreen”, Begonia “Sizequeen”, Begonia “Bedugul”, Begonia “Eka Karya”, Begonia “Vena Red”, Begonia “Ardaka”, Begonia “Lugrayasa” and Begonia “SuGo”. Out of the ten new varieties, eight varieties have been registered with the Center of Plant Variety Protection and two have already granted Plant Protection Variety Right.
The effect of liquid bio-organic fertiizer on the productivity of ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri) leaf biomass
Authors: Laksmita A N , Salam D M , Fernandes A , Maharani R , Saputra S H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri) is an endemic species in East Kalimantan known as ulin by the local community. Ironwood is a protected and slow-growing species. It is essential to look for an alternative use in less period. Ironwood young leaves have been used traditionally as a decoction with diuretic and hair-blackening properties. Such usage provides an opportunity to utilize ironwood without cutting down trees. As a reason for leaves sustainability, it is necessary to stimulate the formation of leaves, one of which is to use liquid bio-organic fertilizer. This study aimed to determine the effect of liquid bio-organic fertilizer on increasing the growth and yield of young ironwood leaves in nurseries. Fifty ironwood seedlings were given 5 ml of liquid bio-organic fertilizer every month, and the other 50 seedlings were not given any fertilizer. The number of young leaves was recorded in the third and ninth months, while the young leaves were harvested in the sixth and twelfth months. This research showed that liquid bio-organic fertilizer increased height increments by up to 107.58%, diameter increment by up to 20.36%, the number of iron wood shoots up to 184.62%, and it also increased the weight of young leaves that can be harvested by up to 588.89%. There were any differences effects of liquid bio-organic fertilizer applied with and without bio-organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of young ironwood leaves. Ironwood shoots’ growth and yield by application of liquid bio-organic fertilizer are better than nonliquid bio-organic fertilizer.
Indonesian threatened Zingiberaceae: Exploring their potential traditional and modern uses
Authors: Atmaja M B , Andila P S , Oktavia G A E , Merriansyah H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As human populations continue to grow and natural habitats shrink, there is an urgent need to understand and protect plant species that have the potential to benefit both humans and the environment. Zingiberaceae is one such plant family with many species known has traditional and scientific uses. The family is primarily found in tropical regions, with the highest species diversity in Southeast Asia and South America. Indonesia is home to approximately 500 species of Zingiberaceae out of a global total of 1,500 species. However, more than 100 species of Zingiberaceae in Indonesia are threatened with extinction, mainly due to habitat loss by logging and land conversion, putting their potential uses at risk. This review explores the traditional and modern uses of threatened Zingiberaceae species in Indonesia based on their genus. We surveyed the literature and compiled data on the traditional uses of the Indonesian Zingiberaceae species as medicine and any scientific studies investigating their prospective as a drug. There is widespread utilization from a third of Zingiberaceae genera with threatened species, highlighting the substantial untapped potential that requires further investigation on the species facing a considerable risk of extinction. Unfortunately, efforts to conserve the threatened Zingiberaceae species are currently limited, with only less than ten per cent of species being conserved in Indonesian botanic gardens.
Pitcher formation of Nepenthes ampullaria and Nepenthes rafflesiana on modified in vitro media
Authors: Isnaini Y , Novitasari Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Nepenthes, known as pitcher plants, is one of the unique ornamental plants that are highly sought after for their unique shape and color of the pitchers, a modification of the leaves. The pitcher was reportedly formed under nutrient-poor conditions at its growth site. This study aims to investigate the effects of modification of the culture media on the formation of in vitro pitchers of Nepenthes ampullaria and N. rafflesiana. The experimental design in this study used a completely randomized design with two factors (the species of Nepenthes and the media). Nepenthes ampullaria and N. rafflesiana plantlets with a stem height of about 1-2 cm were planted in medium containing half strength of Murashige and Skoog (1/2 MS), in medium containing sugar, agar, and distilled water (SAW), in medium containing agar and distilled water (AW) and medium containing sterile distilled water (W). All media were adjusted to a pH of about 5.7. The filter paper was used as a buffer in a liquid medium to support the plantlets. Each treatment was replicate three times, with each replicate containing ten bottles of culture, each containing one plantlet. Research results were observed for 12 weeks after planting and showed that all cultures could grow well in each medium. The highest average number of pitchers was recorded for the N. ampullaria culture planted in AW medium, with 22 pitchers/plant, followed by the culture in W medium, with 20 pitchers/plant. For N. rafflesiana, on the other hand, the highest number of pitchers was found in W medium with 18 pitchers/plant.
In vitro multiplication of Pothos tener shoots
Authors: Yunita R , Nugraha M F I , Sari L , Rajamuddin M A L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
South Sulawesi-endemic Pothos tener can be used as a raw material for medicine because it contains antimicrobial compounds. To date, plants have been collected directly from the wild, without any cultivation or propagation measures. This will threaten its continued existence. Micropropagation is an efficient method for propagating plants. Multiplication of shoots is an essential step in micropropagation. Explants can be cultured on media containing cytokinins to increase the number of shoots that serve as new plant material. This study investigated the effect of cytokinins on the in vitro multiplication of Pothos tener shoots. The growth medium utilized was MS media (1962), which was added with BAP, Kinetin, 2iP at concentrations ranging from 0 to 2.5 mg/l. Every treatment was administered 10 times. This research indicates that the rate of shoot multiplication increases as cytokinin concentrations rise. However, the best results were obtained on MS media added with 2 mg/l BA, as shoot height, number of shoots, and number of leaves were all increased. At a concentration of 2.5 mg/l, fewer shoots were produced, and their growth was stunted.
Transcriptome analysis of maize explant for anther culture: comparison of three different RNA extraction methods
Authors: Syafii M , Fatimah S , Rozik M H , Purwoko D , Zulaeha S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Breeding is one method to develop better varieties. This method can be accelerated by using haploid technology. The availability of haploid inducer lines in maize makes in-vivo techniques preferred, especially for temperate maize. Developing in-vitro through anther culture in haploid breeding is still needed since haploid inducer lines are still limited in tropical maize. Like many other crops facing recalcitrancy problems, maize also experiences the same, so cracking recalcitrant traits using transcriptomic approaches is necessary. In order to enhance the success of the sequencing, obtaining a high quantity and quality of RNA product is needed since it will affect the data. This study aimed to determine the best RNA extraction methods using three different kits of maize explant for anther culture with high purity and concentrations. RNA extraction in this study was performed using Tripure, RibospinTM, Promega, and Tripure kits. The results showed that all All the kits were able to produce high concetration of RNA, where the Ribospin (Geneall) performed the best (both for the concentration and purity). Meanwhile Tripure kit were only able to produced highest concentration of RNA, but lowest purity.
Development of Polymerase Chain Reaction assay protocol for assessment Salmonella sp. in cow raw milk
Authors: Pertiwi-Koentjoro M , Dilla A , Taufiq-Hidayat M , Nugroho-Prasetyo E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Salmonella sp. is a pathogenic bacterium that may associated with acute diarrhoea in human. These bacteria may be transmitted in a variety of ways, including consumption of contaminated cow raw milk. Salmonella sp. is troublesome to assessment due to methodological restrictions. The aim of this study was to development the protocol of Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) assay for Assessment Salmonella sp. in cow raw milk. This method is comprised of (1) biochemical assay and (2) bacterial DNA purification from Selenite Cystine Broth and XLD Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate culture using Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit followed by PCR detection. The biochemical assay is divided into several stages, namely bacterial isolation, Gram staining and conventional biochemical tests. The PCR optimization was done with Salmonella sp. The oligonucleotide primer invasion protein (invA) gene (F: 5’-TCGTCATTCCATTACCTACC-3’; R: 5’-AAACGTTGAAAAACTGAGGA-3’) were used for targeting the diagnosis of Salmonella at the genus level. In biochemical tests, Salmonella sp. results showed posit if result of catalase, oxidase, citrate, TSIA, lactose-sucrose-mannitol fermentation, urea, and methyl-red. Conversely, negative result for Voges-Proskauer. PCR protocol consist of 30 PCR cycles with initial denaturation at 94°C for 45 seconds, denaturation at 94°C for 20 seconds, annealing at 57°C for 15 seconds, extension at 72°C for 15 seconds and finally at 72°C for 2 minutes. The conventional method detection results obtained as many as 9 positive samples Salmonella sp. and the PCR method obtained 7 positive samples Salmonella sp. In conclusion, our results indicate that the developed protocol would be utilized as a routine analysis for monitoring cow raw milk contamination and the protocol of the PCR technique provides results at a handful of time required by the biochemical assay (24 hours compared to 2–3 days).
Effect of Mycorrhizae, Azotobacter and Vermicompost tea on Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium (NPK) Concentrations in Soil and Cucumber Plants (Cucumis sativus)
Authors: Al-Rawi Zainab H. Dawood , Alkobaisy Jamal S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An experiment was carried out inside a greenhouse (sandy loam soil) at the College of Agriculture / University of Anbar to investigate the effect of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizaee, Azotobacterchroococcum and Vermicompost tea on the concentration of NPK macronutrients in soil and cucumber plants. A factorial experiment consisting of two factors was designed for this purpose: the first factor is a combination of mycorrhizae (M) with 35 g plant-1, azotobacter (A) bacteria 16 ml plant-1 with a microbial density of 2.2 x 109 cfu ml-1 and phosphate Rock (R) with 40 g plant-1, added with half of the mineral fertilizer recommendation each individually with its interactions, The second factor is the addition of three concentrations (0, 5, 10%) of vermicompost tea sprayed on the plant. The experiment was designed with a completely randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications. Cucumber seeds were planted on 15/9/2022 and service operations were conducted for the crop and the experiment continued until 15/12/2022. Concentrations of nutrients were measured in the soil after harvesting the crop as well as in the leaves of the plant. The results of the research proved that the use of mycorrhizae, azotobacter bacteria and phosphate Rock with half the mineral recommendation (MAR) and spraying vermicompost tea at a concentration of 10% are the best in increasing the concentration of nutrients in the soil and plant and revealed significant differences compared to mycorrhizae or azotobacter or vermicompost tea individually, so this treatment gave the highest concentration of available nitrogen (AN) (56.37 mg kg-1 soil), the highest available phosphorus (AP) (16.34 mg kg-1 soil), the highest available potassium (230.3 mg kg-1 soil), and gave the highest percentage of nitrogen in the leaves (NIL) (2.80%), The highest percentage of phosphorus in the leaves (PIL) (0.40%), the highest potassium in the leaves (KL) (1.95%), followed by the treatment of adding mycorrhizae with phosphate Rock and half the mineral recommendation (MR) with vermicompost tea at a concentration of 10%, then the treatment of adding mycorrhizae with azotobacter bacteria with half the mineral recommendation (AR) with 10% of vermicompost tea, then the treatment of mycorrhizae with phosphate Rock plus half the fertilizer recommendation (MR) with 10% of vermicompost tea, then the treatment of mycorrhizae with azotobacter plus half of the fertilizer recommendation (MA) with 10% of vermicombe tea. Then the two treatments of mycorrhizae (M) and azotobacter (A) separately, while finally came the treatment of chemical fertilization (S), which gave the lowest values to the mentioned properties in the soil and plants.
Innovative Soil, Water and Plant Management Promoting Sustainable Agriculture and Environments :A Review
Authors: Al-juthery Hayyawi W. A. , Alkhlefawi Akhlass M. K. , Al-Taey Duraid K. A. , Al-Janabi Haider Jawad Kadhim , Al-Jassani Nisreen A. A. , Houria Adem , Al-Salama Yasser 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a lot of pressure on today’s agricultural producers to fulfill the increasing food needs brought on by a growing population and a shrinking supply of land and other resources. In order to meet this challenge, many people are using excessive amounts of fertilizers and other chemicals. The soil health, land quality, and environmental impacts have all suffered as a result of this intense agricultural production that disregards ecological sustainability. So, future attempts to feed the expanding population should strive for higher agricultural productivity within sustainable ecosystems. In this context, creative initiatives are required, since business-as-usual approaches lack the capacity to deal with these issues. Agricultural sustainability is defined, and various soil and crop management strategies that aim to maximize crop yield under environmentally sustainable conditions are discussed. These include, but are not limited to, nutrient management, site-specific nutrient management, fertility management, integrated soil-crop system management, sustainable water management, and water conservation. In addition, nutrient management, fertility management, and integrated soil-crop system management have been shown to improve crop yields. According to this analysis, a sustainable production system may be created by integrating the many initiatives found in SCMS practices with both immediate and long-term preventative actions. Reducing chemicals’ consumption, such as that of fertilizers and pesticides, with improvements in the agricultural input use efficiency might cut greenhouse gases emissions while safeguarding the environment. The future of humanity and Earth depends on the success of sustainable agriculture, which has promise if both rich and developing countries work together to pursue ‘our shared destiny’ in order to increase food production with little impact on the environment.
The Nature of the Effect of the Physiographic Location on the Spectral Behavior of Soil Horizons and the Distribution of Vegetation in Central and Northern Iraq
Authors: Fadhal Fatima Abbas , Ismaeal Ammar S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Three soil sites in central and northern Iraq were chosen to represent the nature of three physiographic units, namely, the mountainous unit, the undulating unit, and the river basin unit, to study the effect of unit variation on the nature of soil pedological properties and its spectral behavior. The results reached a diagnosis of the nature of the variation in the characteristics of the soil represented by the variation of the morphological characteristics represented by the difference of the wavelength if 5YR prevailed for the elevation within the mountainous unit and the soil color was dark reddish-brown, while in the rest of the units it was 10YR and the predominance of the light color was affected by the different physiographic units, which was reflected in the diagnosis of the surface diagnostic horizon Mollic horizon Representing the mountainous unit, and subsurface horizon representing the Argillic horizon, and Ochric horizon, and calcic horizon within the undulating unit, as well as the high content of organic matter and iron oxides in the mountainous unit, and the values reached 34.1 grams.9.02 as well as the variability of the soil separations, as the sand separation increased in the amount representing the unit of the river basin and reached 486 g.kg and The lowest value of the spectral reflectivity was in the region representing the mountainous physiographic unit, and it reached 35% for the subsurface horizon, while the reflectivity in the rest of the units rose to 62%. Absorption bands were diagnosed at wavelengths 1400 and 1900 nm. Near-infrared is represented by wavelengths 1750-2000 and at wavelengths 2000-2500. The values of the natural variation index for plants were 0.30 with an area of 4357 km2.
Effect of NPS Fertilizer, Spraying Nano-NPK+TE and Cerium Oxide NPs on the Qualitative Properties and Bioactive Components of Rice Grains (Oryza Sativa L.)
Authors: Jassim Layth Hamid Naji , Al-Juthery Hayyawi Wewa Attia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aim of this research was to identify the effects of NPS fertilizer with the spraying of Nano-NPK+TE and Cerium Oxide NPs on the active substances in rice grains, amber 33 cultivar. This field study was carried out in the Tali’a region, 41-Husainiya, Hilla city, Babylon province, Iraq, from 14/6/2022 to 25/11/2022, The study treatments were randomly distributed on the experimental units according to a simple and one-way experiment by a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The study treatments consisted of adding NPS fertilizer at four levels (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg ha-1) and spraying with nanomaterials of Nano-NPK+TE and Cerium Oxide NPs at concentrations of (2.5 ml L-1) and (50 mg L-1), respectively, with four sprays for each of them. A total of 16 experimental units were used. The Statistical analysis using the least significant difference test revealed that the process of fertilizing with NPS fertilizer and nanomaterials led to significant differences and an increase in the contents of volatile oils, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids among the dietary components of rice grains, so the findings from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated that soil fertilization with NPS mineral fertilizer at level (300 kg ha-1) achieved the highest level of stearic acid content with a value of (9.460%), as well as the highest improvement in Palmitic acid content (24.240%) recorded by the treatment (NPS 100 kg ha-1). Moreover, the bi-combination of NPS (200 kg ha-1) + Spray CeO2 NPs gave the highest content of Oleic acid content in percentage (10.310%), and Linoleic, another type of unsaturated fatty acid, indicated a content of (10.020%) by the combination of (NPS (300 kg ha-1) + Spray nano-NPK+TE). Additionally, the highest percentage of Volatile oils showed at the foliar spraying combination (Spray nano-NPK+TE + CeO2 NPs), which gave a value of (46.50%).
The Nature of the Pedogenic and Geoinformatics Distribution of Iron Oxides in Different Physiographic Units
Authors: Fadhal Fatima Abbas , Ismaeal Ammar S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted within different physiographic units in central and northern Iraq to find out the nature of the effect of these units on the genetic distribution of iron oxides within the soil pedon. Sex Soil pedons representing the nature of the variability of the physiographic units were elected, in addition to taking 34 surface samples representing the nature of the variability of the soil units horizontally within the physiographic units to prepare maps of the spatial distribution of iron oxides based on geospatial technologies, Soil Pedons described the morphology and wavelength 5 YR for Soil pedon located within the mountainous region that was affected by iron oxides The results showed that the highest content of iron oxides was in the mountainous physiographical unit in the surface horizon Mollic horizon while the lowest content of oxides was in the physiographical unit of the river basin. The Geoinformatics distribution maps revealed 3 class of iron oxides, the low class, the medium class, and the high class. The most abundant class was the moderate class, with an estimated area of about 1051.8575.
Optimal Management of Nitrogen Fertilization in some Yield Traits of Corn Plant in Gypsum Soil
Authors: Yassin Muhammad Mustafa , Muhawish Noor Aldean Mohammed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in the fields of the College of Agriculture - University of Tikrit during the autumn season for the year (2022) to find out the effect of nitrogen fertilizer fractionation on the growth of corn in gypsum soil.Where the experiment included three factors, the first factor, five dates for nitrogen fertilizer fractionation, symbolized by the letter T (T1, the first appointment / half of the quantity at planting and the other half after (30) days of planting, and T2, the second appointment / one-third of the quantity at planting and two-thirds after (30) days of cultivation and T3 third date / one-third of the quantity at planting and one-third after (30) days of cultivation and a third after the passage of (60) days of cultivation and T4 the fourth date / one-fifth of the quantity when planting, fifty-five after the passage of (30) days of cultivation and fifty after the passage of (60) days of cultivation and T5 the fifth date / two-fifths at planting and fifty after a month of cultivation and one-fifth of the quantity After the passage of (60) of cultivation. The second factor is two levels of nitrogen fertilizer, denoted by the symbol N, namely (N1) (320) kg N ha-1 and (2N) (360) kg N ha-1. The third factor is Adding method, denoted by the symbol M, the BroadcastingM1 method) and the Bands(M2) method. All the results showed that the retail treatment of the fourth appointment, T4, excelled in all traits, and the second level, N2 (360) kg N ha-1, gave the highest significant difference in all traits, and the addition of the second method, M2 (Bands method), also gave excelled in all studied traits.The results showed that the treatment T4N2M2 gave the highest values in the studied traits (the number of rows per ear, the number of grains per ear, the weight of 500 grains, and the total grain yield), as it reached (18.01) row cob-1, (739) grain cob-1, (163.01) gm, and (14.08)) ton ha-1, respectively.