bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interferon-gamma signaling promotes cartilage regeneration after injury
Authors: Kim Ju-Ryoung , Hong Bong-Ki , Pham Thi Hong Nhung , Kim Wan-Uk , Kim Hyun Ah 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common chronic disease and major cause of disability and chronic pain in ageing populations. In this pathology, the entire joint is involved, and the regeneration of articular cartilage still remains one of the main challenges. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying cartilage regeneration in young mice using a full-thickness cartilage injury (FTCI) model. FTCI-induced cartilage defects were created in the femoral trochlea of young and adult C57BL/6 mice. To identify key molecules and pathways involved in the early response to cartilage injury, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of cartilage RNA at 3 days after injury. Young mice showed superior cartilage regeneration compared to adult mice after cartilage injury. RNA-seq analysis revealed significant upregulation of genes associated with the immune response, particularly in the IFN-γ signaling pathway, in young mice at 3 days after injury. IFN-γR1- and IFN-γ-deficient mice exhibited impaired cartilage regeneration following cartilage injury. IFN-γR1 ablation decreased cell proliferation and macrophage polarization during cartilage regeneration. DMM-induced and spontaneous OA phenotypes were exacerbated in IFN -γR1-/- mice than in wild-type mice. Our data support the hypothesis that IFN-γ signaling is necessary for cartilage regeneration, as well as for the amelioration of post-traumatic and age-induced OA.
Steps of a safe Caesarean Section: A Delphi Study of South African Experts as a basis for surgical training
Authors: de Waard Liesl , Wessels Rozemiek Neline Hannelore , Heitkamp Anke , Akker Thomas van den , Gebhardt Stefan Gabriel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

BackgroundCaesarean section is the most common surgery globally. In low- and middle-income countries, including South Africa, caesarean section-associated maternal and perinatal complications are of concern, some of which are attributed to lack of clinical skill and training. There is no standard technique for performing or teaching caesarean sections in South Africa. This study aimed to determine the essential and comprehensive steps of a safe caesarean section, according to South African experts.MethodsA modified three-round Delphi survey method was used. The steps were divided into pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative steps. Email invitations were sent to a panel of South African obstetric experts. These were defined as obstetric medical specialists currently or previously actively involved in caesarean section training in the South African public sector identified by the research team or suggested by institutional heads. Aimed sample size was 15, and a consensus was reached according to the confidence intervals (CIs). For the first two rounds, a 7-point Likert scale was used; exclusion was defined as a CI < 4, and inclusion of a CI > 6; CIs 4.1–5.9 were re-evaluated in the next round. In round three, only steps that did not reach consensus were presented to the panel as essential or sub-steps (or excluded). The final list was reviewed by stakeholders, who are clinicians frequently performing caesarean sections.ResultsInvitations were sent to 44 experts: 28 (64%) completed round one, 20 (45%) round two and 19 (43%) round three. Twenty-five (92%) experts had > 11 years of professional experience, and 22 (82%) had performed more than 1000 caesarean sections each. There were 30 steps deemed essential after three rounds: 11 essential/12 sub-steps preoperatively, 14 essential/15 sub-steps intraoperatively and 5 essential/9 sub-steps postoperatively. Stakeholders agreed with most and had some additional suggestions.ConclusionThis panel and stakeholders suggested 34 essential and 40 sub- or considered steps for a safe caesarean section. A defined task list can standardise the procedure and training. This may be an important step toward increasing the safety and quality of caesarean sections, especially in low- and middle-income settings where junior doctors perform most caesarean sections, often without supervision.
Outcome of robot-assisted surgery for stage IA endometrial cancer compared to open and laparoscopic surgery: A retrospective study at a single institution
Authors: Ikebuchi AI , Komatsu Hiroaki , Yamamoto Koji , okawa masayo , Hikino Kohei , Iida Yuki , Hosokawa Masayo , Sawada Mayumi , Kudoh Akiko , Sato Shinya , Harada Tasuku , Taniguchi Fuminori 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Few studies have compared the efficacy of robot-assisted, laparoscopic, and open surgeries for endometrial cancer. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of these three types of surgeries for early-stage endometrial cancer.
Methods
In all, 175 patients with endometrial cancer of preoperative stage IA who had undergone laparotomic (n = 80), laparoscopic (n = 40), or robot-assisted (n = 55) modified radical hysterectomy at our hospital from 2010 to 2022 were included; surgical outcomes, perioperative complications, and prognoses were compared. Total operative and console times for robot-assisted surgery between patients who did and did not undergo pelvic lymphadenectomy was assessed.
Results
The robot-assisted group had the shortest total operative time. The estimated blood loss was lower in the laparoscopic and robot-assisted groups than in the laparotomy group. In advanced postoperative stage IA cases, there were no differences in progression-free and overall survival among the three groups. In the robot-assisted group, the operative time decreased with increasing number of operations; the learning curve was reached after 10 cases each of patients with and without pelvic lymphadenectomy. The frequency of perioperative complications of Clavien–Dindo classification Grade 1 or higher was the lowest in the robot-assisted group (p = 0.02). There were no complications of Clavien–Dindo classification Grade 2 or higher in the robot-assisted group.
Conclusion
Robot-assisted surgery for stage IA endometrial cancer, a minimally invasive procedure, has reduced operative times and complications compared with laparoscopic and open surgeries.
Canal transportation and centering ability of rotary and reciprocal files in mandibular molar root canals using micro computed tomography: an ex-vivo study
Authors: Shantiaee Yazdan , Zandi Babak , Soltaninejad Fatemeh , Shantiaee Kourosh , Taramsari Ali Rahbar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
It is important to use proper endodontic rotary files during treatment. Because of the canal curvature and the desire of the endodontic files to return to their original form during root canal preparation, errors such as canal transportation and deviation from the root canal center might occur. This study aimed to assess the canal transportation and centering ability of 2Shape, Neoniti, and EdgeFile X1 in extracted human mandibular molar root canals with 20-40-degree curvature by using micro computed tomography (micro-CT).
Methods
Out of two hundred and fifty extracted human mandibular molars, thirty with mesiobuccal canals with 20-40-degree curvature were selected. They were then randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10). The crowns of the teeth and the distal roots were cut off, and the mesial roots were standardized to have 12 ± 1 mm length. The roots were mounted in acrylic blocks, and the primary micro-CT images were obtained. Root canal instrumentation was then performed, and secondary micro-CT images were taken. RadiAnt software was used to compare before- and after-instrumentation images at 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm from the apex and make the measurements.
Results
Root canal instrumentation with all three systems caused apical transportation and deviation from the original central path of the canal. No significant difference was found in apical transportation (P > 0.05) or centering ability (P > 0.05) among the three file systems at the aforementioned four levels from the apex.
Conclusions
All three file systems showed some degrees of apical transportation and deviation from the original central canal path with no statistically significant difference among them in this respect.
Tumor-associated macrophage enhances PD-L1-mediated immune escape of bladder cancer through PKM2 dimer/STAT3 complex nuclear translocation
Authors: Yu Yongbo , Liang Ye , Xie Fei , Zhang Zhao , Zhang Pengfei , Zhao Xinzhao , Zhang Zhilei , Liang Zhijuan , Li Dan , Wang Liping , Chen Yuanbin , Sun Lijiang , Niu Haitao , Wang Yonghua 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and strongly associated with poor prognosis and drug resistance, including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in solid tumor patients. However, the mechanism by which TAM affects immune metabolism reprogramming and immune checkpoint signaling pathway in the bladder cancer (BLCA) TME remains elusive.
Methods
We analyzed the TCGA cohort of BLCA patients in relation to M2-TAMs signature genes as well as PD-L1 expression, and then explored the cellular and molecular roles by RNA sequencing on constructed BLCA cells with M2-TAMs co-culture systems. we used nucleoplasmic separation and protein cross-linking to search for mechanisms related to tumor metabolism and immune reprogramming following crosstalk effects of M2-TAMs, and constructed a mouse model of BLCA with a high occupancy rate of M2-TAMs and a group of organoids derived from human BLCA fresh tissues to validate therapeutic efficacy of the targets in vivo and in vitro.
Results
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) secreted by M2-TAMs increased the level of glycolysis and was involved in PD-L1-mediated immune escape through pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (PKM2) in the malignant BLCA microenvironment. TGF-β promoted the nuclear translocation of PKM2 dimers in conjunction with phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (p-STAT3), which exerts its kinase activity, and subsequently promotes PD-L1 expression through the transcription factor role of STAT3. Moreover, the high secretion level of TGF-β activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway to upregulate PD-L1 expression in BLCA. In vivo, SB-431542 (a TGF-β blocker) and shikonin (a PKM2 inhibitor) significantly reduced PD-L1 expression and inhibited BLCA growth by increasing immune infiltration. In addition, SB-431542 and shikonin inhibited the growth of bladder carcinoma organoids.
Conclusions
Our work sheds new light on that M2-TAM-derived TGF-β promotes PD-L1-mediated immune evasion in BLCA by increasing the PKM2/STAT3 complex nuclear translocation. Targeting TGF-β receptor blockade and PKM2 inhibition significantly reduces BLCA progression and immunosuppression, and their combination provides a promising target for the treatment of BLCA.
Stop Being So Rigid: The Interplay of Psychological Flexibility and Cognitive-Affective Processes in the Daily Lives of Young Adults
Authors: Westhoff Marlon , Heshmati Saeideh , Siepe Björn , Vogelbacher Christoph , Ciarrochi Joseph , Hayes Steven C. , Hofmann Stefan G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Psychological flexibility plays a crucial role in how young adults adapt to their evolving cognitive and emotional landscapes. Our study investigated psychological flexibility in young adults, concentrating on adaptive variability and maladaptive rigidity. We examined the interplay of these elements with cognitive-affective processes within a dynamic network, uncovering their manifestation in everyday life. Through an Ecological Momentary Assessment design, we collected intensive longitudinal data over 3 weeks from 114 young adults ages 19 to 32. Using a dynamic network approach, we assessed the temporal dynamics and individual variability in psychological flexibility in relation to cognitive-affective processes in this sample. Rigidity exhibited the strongest directed association with other variables in the temporal network as well as highest strength centrality, demonstrating particularly strong associations to other variables in the contemporaneous network. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that rigidity in young adults is associated with negative affect and cognitions at the same time point and the immediate future.
Metabolic Reprogramming：Application of lipid metabolism related genes in the risk model of clinical prognosis of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhao Lei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer(PC) is a highly invasive digestive system tumor, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. However, the mechanism of its occurrence remains unclear. Metabolic alterations in malignant tumor cells have been found to occur throughout the processes of uptake, synthesis, and degradation, making metabolic reprogramming one of the characteristics of malignant tumors. Disturbances in lipid metabolism have also been observed in pancreatic cancer cells. To explore the relationship between lipid metabolism and the survival of pancreatic cancer patients, we constructed a prognostic analysis model related to lipid metabolism using public databases such as TCGA and GEO. This model includes two risk genes (PLAAT2 and PTGES) and five protective genes (PEMT, CYP46A1, LTC45, TMEM86B, and LIPE). We validated the model using a validation dataset and found that it had good predictive performance. We also discovered distinct differences in immune levels and drug susceptibility between the high and low-risk groups. In summary, this model is helpful for predicting the survival of pancreatic cancer patients and provides insights into the identification of new therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer.
Thermochemistry of Monocharged Cation Substitutions in Ionic Solids
Authors: Glasser Leslie , Liebman Joel F. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
There is considerable interest in the synthesis of new materials with properties adapted to particular technological purposes such as for electronics, catalysis, energy storage, and biomaterials. A rather straightforward synthetic procedure is substitution of principal ions in the crystal for one another and some general principles relating to structure have been developed which guide the material designer as to which substitutions are likely to lead to stable materials. These are briefly reported. We here consider the thermochemical consequences, rather than the structural implications, of unit-charged cation substitutions, namely of NH4+, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Tl+, Ag+ and Cu+, among a large group of ionic solids. It is observed that the formation enthalpies hardly differ among these materials while their absolute entropies, heat capacities and formula unit volumes follow similar linear trends but with some relative displacements.
Association of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D status with cardiometabolic risk factors and total and regional obesity in southern Iran: Evidence from the PoCOsteo study
Authors: Nejabat Alireza , Emamat Hadi , Afrashteh Sima , Jamshidi Ali , Jamali Zahra , Farhadi Akram , Talkhabi Zahra , Nabipour Iraj , Larijani Bagher , Spitz Jörg 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Cardiometabolic risk factors increase the chance of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. Most CVD risk factors are influenced by total and regional obesity. A higher risk of developing CVD may be linked to vitamin D deficiency, which is more prevalent in the older population. With the goal of evaluating the association between vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk factors and total and regional obesity in older adults, this research included 25 (OH) vitamin D levels and biochemical markers associated with cardiometabolic diseases, as well as total and regional adiposity, which was measured by DXA. A total of 1991 older participants in the PoCOsteo study were included. Overall, 38.6% of participants had vitamin D deficiency. After adjusting for confounders, the results of multiple linear regression suggested an inverse association between vitamin D and body mass index (P = 0.040), waist circumference (P = 0.001), total fat (P = 0.020), android fat (P = 0.001), visceral fat (P < 0.001), subcutaneous fat (P = 0.011), trunk fat (P = 0.006), arm fat (P = 0.037), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.003), total cholesterol (P < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001), triglycerides (P < 0.001), and fasting glucose (P < 0.001). Additionally, higher vitamin D levels decreased the risk of dyslipidemia by 2%. Our results showed a significant association between serum vitamin D and a number of cardiometabolic risk factors, including total and regional obesity.
Unexpected mobility activities of the sedentary sea pen Pteroeides griseum (Cnidaria: Scleralcyonacea)
Authors: Giusti Michela , Angiolillo Michela , Canese Simonepietro , Tunesi Leonardo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The sea pen Pteroeides griseum (Bohadsch, 1761), belonging to the order Scleralcyonacea (Cnidaria, Octocorallia), is a lesser-known anthozoan species well-adapted to inhabit soft seabed environments, particularly muddy or sandy substrates. Like other sea pens, it can grow in dense aggregations in both infra- and circalittoral zones, significantly enhancing the complexity and biodiversity of these habitats. Contrary to the prevailing notion that this species lacks the capability for active movement across the seabed, we present the first recorded observation of rolling behaviour in a P. griseum colony, documented during a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) survey. In this survey, a colony assumed a wheel-like shape, likely by inflating its body with seawater, initiating a rolling motion across the seabed, driven by the strong currents in the area. Without any apparent disturbance from the ROV, the colony covered a linear distance of approximately 7 m within a span of 4 minutes. This study documents the peculiar rolling behaviour exhibited by this species, underscoring the significance of this capacity in advancing our understanding of the species' biology and ecology.
Causal relationship between circulating cytokines and the risk of systemic sclerosis: A bidirectional Mendelian-randomization study
Authors: Song Hua , Zheng Jinxin , Shao Shunzi , Chen Hongwei , Zhu Yun , Kassim Sajjaad , Wang Dandan , Sun Lingyun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune dysfunction, vasculopathy, and fibrosis. While cytokines likely contribute to SSc pathogenesis, it is unclear whether particular cytokines play a causal role. We aimed to investigate potential causal relationships between circulating cytokines and SSc using Mendelian randomization.
Methods
We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study using summary data from published genome-wide association studies of SSc (2,313 cases, 15,881 controls) and 43 cytokines (up to 31,781 individuals). Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with cytokine levels were selected as instruments to proxy genetically determined circulating concentrations. Potential causal relationships between exposures and outcomes were investigated primarily through inverse variance weighted Mendelian randomization analysis. To substantiate the robustness of our findings, we additionally conducted several complementary sensitivity analyses utilizing alternative Mendelian randomization methods, including MR-Egger, weighted median, simple and weighted mode, and MR-PRESSO.
Results
Among the cytokines analyzed, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) demonstrated a significant causal association, whereby genetically predicted lower TRAIL levels increased SSc risk. Other circulating cytokines including TGF-β, IL-6, and PDGF, have no causal relationship with SSc.
Conclusion
Our findings implicate reduced circulating TRAIL level as a potential causal factor in SSc risk, providing novel insights into disease pathogenesis. These findings position TRAIL as a putative upstream regulator in SSc, suggesting modulation of the TRAIL signaling cascade may represent a promising therapeutic approach in SSc.
Guideline-Discordant Neuro-prognostication as an Indicator of Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Bias in Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
Authors: Mian Tabarak M. , Sharma Yash , Guerra Antonio , Idris Ahamed , Sharma Kartavya 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Higher rates of ‘early’ withdrawal of life supportive therapy (WLST), often defined as a timeframe less than 72 hours after cardiac resuscitation, have been interpreted as indicating therapeutic pessimism and lower post-resuscitation quality of care. However, this approach overlooks guideline-congruent criteria and patient specific factors that justify early WLST, and conversely, ignores the possibility of guideline discordant WLST beyond 72 hours. In this retrospective study of post-cardiac arrest patients who underwent WLST due to predicted poor neurological outcome (WLST-N), we adjudicated guideline discordance at the individual patient level to better quantify the potential extent of self-fulfilling prophecy bias.
Methods
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors spanning over a decade at a single institution were identified from two databases – Group 1: Dallas-Fort Worth Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Cardiac Arrest registry (Epistry) (2011–2015); Group 2: Get With The Guidelines® resuscitation registry (2016–2022). Electronic medical records were manually reviewed to identify patients who died from WLST-N. We assessed the concordance of objective clinical data with consensus recommendations from the American Academy of Neurology 2006 practice parameters for Group 1, and European Resuscitation Council 2014 guidelines for Group 2.
Results
Guideline-discordant neuro-prognostication was found in 9% of patients (13 of 139) who survived until Intensive Care Unit admission and 25% (13 of 52) of WLST-N cases. Early WLST-N at < 72 hours occurred in 35% (18 of 52) of WLST-N cases, but half of these prognostic decisions were adjudicated as appropriately predictive of poor outcome (Cerebral Performance Category 3–5).
Conclusion
The potential extent of self-fulfilling prophecy bias due to therapeutic pessimism may be much lower than suspected based on published rates of ‘early’ WLST-N.