bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence Rate of Post Coronary Artery Shunt Complications; Age Dependent!
Authors: Marzoog Basheer Abdullah 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Numerous complications, such as postoperative arrhythmia and stroke,
have been observed following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

Aims::
This study sought to examine the impact of aging on the incidence of post-coronary artery
shunt complications.

Objectives:
Aging is a physiological process experienced by every living cell, beginning early in
development. Age plays a crucial role in determining postoperative complications, including
those related to CABG.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 290 patients who underwent
CABG at the Mordovian Republic Hospital between 2017 and 2021. The sample was
divided into two age-based groups: the first group comprised 126 patients (mean age
range: 55.21-60.00), and the second group included 163 patients (mean age range: 66.11-80.00).
Statistical analyses employed in this study encompassed descriptive statistics, Chi-square test,
T-test, one-way ANOVA test, ROC analysis, and Pearson correlation using Statistica 12 software.

Results:
Elderly patients in the second group demonstrated a higher incidence of post-CABG
arrhythmia (p <0 0.012528). Moreover, the second group experienced markedly longer ICU and
total hospitalization days following CABG, with p-values of less than 0.000000 and 0.000072,
respectively. Notably, elderly individuals in the second group faced an increased risk of developing
psychosis after CABG surgery (p < 0.007379). Furthermore, psychosis was found to be
significantly associated with longer ICU hospitalization (p < 0.000140). Postoperative stroke
occurred more frequently among the elderly (second group) with a p-value of less than 0.037736.
Consequently, postoperative stroke was associated with extended ICU hospitalization
(p < 0.000747). The usage of internal thoracic arteries (ITAs) was lower among the elderly
(second group), with a p-value of less than 0.016145. Regarding correlations, a direct association
was observed between age and ICU days, total hospitalization days, and the number of complications,
with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.189046, 0.141415, and 0.138565, respectively.

Conclusion:
Elderly individuals in the second group who undergo CABG face a greater risk of
developing psychosis, arrhythmia, prolonged total and ICU hospitalization, and stroke. The presence
of arrhythmia, which is commonly observed in patients aged 63 years and older, significantly
affects total hospitalization days. The number of complications is influenced by age, cardiopulmonary
bypass (CPB) time, aortic cross-clamp time, ICU hospitalization, and total hospitalization
duration.
Vascular permeability and coagulation during Rickettsia riekettsii infection in dogs
Authors: Davidson M. G. , Breitschwerdt E. B. , Walker D. H. , Levy M. G. , Carlson C. S. , Hardie E. M. , Grindem C. A. , Nasisse M. P. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The vascular permeability of the ocular fundus, alterations in the coagulation system, and plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 (txb2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α, (6-keto-pgf1α) were studied in dogs following intradermal inoculation with 5 × 105 tcid50 of Rickettsia rickettsii. Twenty-four to 48 hours after the onset of fever and rickettsemia, multifocal areas of retinal vasculitis were evident, which corresponded to areas of altered vascular permeability demonstrated by fluorescein angiography. The number and intensity of retinal vessels with sodium fluorescein leakage peaked during the second week after inoculation, and retinal vascular permeability remained altered during the third week of infection, well past the phase of clinical and clinicopathologic recovery.
Development of retinal vasculitic foci was associated with thrombocytopenia, increased concentrations of circulating fibrinogen, and slight prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time. Increased concentrations of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products were detected in 4 of 9 dogs. Despite the degree of vascular endothelial damage evident on fluorescein angiographic and histologic studies in these dogs, plasma txb2 and 6-keto-pgf1α concentrations were not increased.
Identification of interleukin-1 in equine osteoarthritic joint effusions
Authors: Morris Elisabeth A. , McDonald Brian S. , Webb Andrew C. , Rosenwasser Lanny J. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Interleukin-1 (il-1) is a protein secreted by stimulated cells of the monocyte-macrophage line, which has a number of important biologic activities. Interleukin-1 has been implicated in the induction and augmentation of the pathologic processes involved in arthritis and articular cartilage destruction. Horses develop osteoarthritis with a frequency and degree of severity similar to human beings. To further document the similarity of the osteoarthritic process in people and horses, the synovial fluid from 5 horses with clinical osteoarthritis was tested for il-1 bioactivity. Interleukin-1 activity was found in all tested synovial fluids. Upon column chromatography, the synovial fluid-derived factor had a molecular weight consistent with that of il-1 in other mammalian species. Ion exchange chromatography of osteoarthritic synovial fluid revealed the principal peaks of bioactivity to be in the fractions with isoelectric points of 7.2, 5.4, and 4.7, which are characteristic of il-1. A considerable degree of homology between human and equine il-1 was demonstrated by the cross hybridization of a human il-1β cDNA probe with rna derived from il-1-producing equine adherent monocytes. These results indicate that equine il-1 is in all of the osteoarthritic equine joints tested and that equine il-1 has many of the characteristics of il-1 isolated from other species.
Effects of dichlorvos on blood cholinesterase activities of cattle
Authors: Khan A. A. , Coppock R. W. , Schuler M. M. , Lillie L. E. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Inhibitory effects of dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, ddvp) inhibitory effects on erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activities of steers were characterized after treatments in vitro and in vivo (cutaneous application). The rates of in vitro inhibition were markedly influenced by ddvp concentration and incubation time. The activities of inhibited enzymes failed to reactivate spontaneously and had little response to treatment with 2-pyridine aldoxime methiodide (2-pam). After gel-filtration chromatography, however, the inhibited enzymes had remarkable spontaneous reactivation and reactivation by 2-PAM treatment, indicating interference of excess unreacted ddvp in the reactivation process. Repeated cutaneous applications of a ddvp-containing livestock spray caused marked and characteristic decreases of AChE and ChE activities in blood of treated steers; however, the effects were transient because activities of both enzymes regenerated gradually. The nature of these in vivo trends suggests that spontaneous and de novo synthetic mechanisms could be responsible for complete recovery of both enzyme activities.
Ocular and serum disposition kinetics of cloxacillin after topical administration of benzathine cloxacillin and intravenous administration of sodium cloxacillin to calves
Authors: Daigneault Josée , George Lisle W. , Baggot J. Desmond 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Disposition kinetics of cloxacillin were examined in calves after topical administration of benzathine cloxacillin and single iv administration of sodium cloxacillin, and the susceptibility of 17 field isolates of Moraxella bovis was measured. For the IV pharmacokinetic phase, sodium cloxacillin was administered at dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight to male Holstein calves (n = 6, weighing 146 to 170 kg), and serum concentration of cloxacillin was measured thereafter for 10 hours.
For the ocular pharmacokinetic phase, 6 calves were given either of 4 benzathine cloxacillin topical formulations consisting of 50-, 125-, 250-, or 375-mg doses. Treatment was repeated every 10 days until all 4 benzathine cloxacillin dosages were tested in the same 6 calves. Blood and tears were collected for 72 hours after each benzathine cloxacillin formulation was administered, and the concentration of cloxacillin in each specimen was measured, using a bioassay.
The minimal inhibitory concentration of cloxacillin for 17 field isolates of M bovis was determined by use of an agar pour-plate dilution assay.
After single iv administration of sodium cloxacillin, its half-life, body clearance, and volume of distribution were 19.5 ± 12.8 minutes, 18.3 ± 2.2 ml/min·kg, and 496 ± 290 ml/kg, respectively. After topical administration of benzathine cloxacillin, cloxacillin concentration in lacrimal fluid peaked between 30 and 45 minutes and ranged between 963 μg/ml and 3,256 μg/ml for the 125- and 375-mg doses, respectively. There was no detectable cloxacillin activity in the lacrimal fluid of any calf by 36 hours after topical administration of benzathine cloxacillin, and cloxacillin was not detected in the serum at any time. The mean lacrimal fluid cloxacillin concentration for the 4 groups during the first 8 hours was not significantly different; however, by 12 hours, the cloxacillin concentration in tears from calves of the 250- and 375-mg groups was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than that in calves of the 50- and 125-mg groups.
Cloxacillin concentration ≥ 3.13 μg/ml was maintained for a significantly (P < 0.05) longer time after treatment, using the 375-mg dose, compared with the 50-mg dose of benzathine cloxacillin. The minimal inhibitory concentration of cloxacillin for 1 isolate was 6.25 μg/ml, but was ≤ 3.13 μg/ml for 16 other M bovis isolates.
Effect of orally administered epidermal growth factor on the jejunal mucosa of weaned pigs
Authors: Jaeger L. A. , Lamar C. H. , Cline T. R. , Cardona C. J. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The effect of ingested epidermal growth factor (egf) on the small intestinal mucosa of conventionally weaned pigs was determined. At 21 days of age, 39 pigs were randomly distributed into suckling and weaned treatment groups that were administered 124 μg of egf, 372 μg of egf, or the dosing compound daily. Fecal water content was determined daily. On postweaning days 0, 3, 6, and 9, representative pigs from each group were euthanatized, and jejunal mucosa samples were collected for determination of villus-to-crypt ratio, total protein content, disaccharidase activities, and microbiological populations. At postweaning day 3, the 372-μg dose of egf significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased jejunal lactase and sucrase activities in the weaned pigs. Increased lactase activity was not greater than that of the suckling pig controls, whereas sucrase activity was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than that of the suckling pig controls. Significant changes were not observed in villus-to-crypt ratio, mucosal protein content, or disaccharidase activities on other collection days.
Differential reactivity of bovine lymphocytes to species of Brucella
Authors: Smith Roger , Kapatsa Joyce C. , Sherwood Sidney J. , Ficht Thomas A. , Templeton Joe W. , Adams L. Garry 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The reactivity of bovine lymphocytes to 4 species of Brucella was tested in thymidine-uptake assays, using long-term cultured lymphocytes and freshly obtained blood mononuclear cells. Lymphocytes were taken from cows that had been challenge exposed with a virulent strain of B abortus at midgestation. The cows were classified retrospectively as being naturally resistant or susceptible to brucellosis. Lymphocytes taken from these cows had 3 patterns of reactivity with species of Brucella: pattern 1 was defined by reactivity with 4 species (B abortus, B canis, B suis, and B melitensis); pattern 2 was defined by reactivity with all these species, except B melitensis; pattern 3 was defined by reactivity with B abortus and B canis, but not with B suis or B melitensis. There was a statistically significant correlation between susceptibility to brucellosis and expression of lymphocyte cross-reactivity with B suis (P < 0.01) and with B melitensis (P < 0.01).
Influence of recombinant human interleukin-2 administration on lymphocyte and neutrophil function in clinically normal and dexamethasone-treated cattle
Authors: Roth James A. , Abruzzini Anthony F. , Frank Dagmar E. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhil-2) was evaluated for its influence on total and differential wbc counts, lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness to mitogens, and several measurements of neutrophil function in clinically normal and in dexamethasone-treated cattle. A single dose of rhil-2 (2.5 × 107 U) given sc had no influence on the total or differential wbc count; however, it did cause an inhibition of neutrophil random migration. The other measurements of neutrophil function (Staphylococcus aureus ingestion, cytochrome C reduction, iodination, and antibody-dependent and antibody-independent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) evaluated were not significantly altered. The rhil-2 treatment was associated with a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in uptake of [3H]thymidine in unstimulated lymphocytes and a tendency toward enhanced blastogenesis of lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. This enhancement was significant (P < 0.05) only when the results were expressed as a stimulation index. Lymphocyte responsiveness to concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen was not significantly influenced by rhil-2 administration. Dexamethasone (0.04 mg/kg) administered every 24 hours for 3 consecutive days altered the wbc count and several measurements of lymphocyte and neutrophil function. The administration of a single dose of rhil-2 (2.5 × 107 U) 8 hours after the first dose of dexamethasone did not alter the influence of dexamethasone on any of the measurements. These results indicated that rhil-2 has some biologic activity in cattle, but when used as administered here, did not overcome the influence of dexamethasone on the in vitro measurements of lymphocyte and neutrophil function that were evaluated.
High-performance liquid chromatography determination of erythrocyte membrane phospholipid composition in several animal species
Authors: Engen Richard L. , Clark Cheryl L. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
High-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) was used to determine the phospholipid (pl) composition of ovine, equine, bovine, porcine, and canine RBC membranes. Procedural modifications of established techniques provided for separation of 7 pl within a 15- to 20-minute sample run. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were detected in rbc membrane pl composition among the various species. The concern for physiologic properties associated with hemolysis and/or sedimentation rate must include evaluation of differences in the pl bilayer structure.
Evaluation of age-related effects on the antiviral activity of interferon and induction of 2-5A synthetase in testicular cell cultures derived from swine of various ages
Authors: Bosworth Brad T. , MacLachlan N. James 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The antiviral activity of recombinant dna-derived bovine alpha1-1 interferon on an established swine testicular cell line and primary testicular cell cultures derived from swine of various ages (2 days, 3 weeks, and 5 weeks) was determined. Bovine interferon induced a dose-dependent increase in 2-5A synthetase in testicular cells, regardless of the source of the cells. Furthermore, interferon inhibited replication of vesicular stomatitis virus to an equivalent extent in all testicular cell cultures. The results indicate that 2-5A synthetase is a reliable marker of interferon activity in swine testicular cell cultures and that the induction of 2-5A synthetase and antiviral effects of recombinant bovine interferon in primary testicular cell cultures are not dependent on the age of the donor animal.
Isoproterenol-induced maximal heart rate in normothermic and hyperthermic horses
Authors: Goetz Thomas E. , Manohar Murli 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The heart rate (hr) induced by maximal β-adrenergic activation, which was elicited by infusion of isoproterenol, was studied in 8 healthy horses before (control) and after hyperthermia was induced by iv administration of 2,4-dinitrophenol (dnp). Isoproterenol was administered iv at 1.0 μg·kg-1·min-1 for 3 minutes, and the hr was determined during the final 30 seconds of the infusion. As the rectal temperature increased (P < 0.001) from 38.2 ± 0.1 C (mean ± SEM; normothermic control) to 40.1 ± 0.1 C at 60 minutes after dnp administration, the isoproterenol-induced hr also increased from 198 ± 4 beats/min (control) to 214 ± 4 beats/min (P < 0.001). It appeared that the values of hr achieved with maximal β-adrenergic activation were augmented by the hypermetabolic, hyperthermic state induced by dnp.
Effects of thyroid hormones on serum and cutaneous fatty acid concentrations in dogs
Authors: Campbell K. L. , Davis C. A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The effects of thyroid hormones on the serum and cutaneous fatty acid concentration profiles of dogs were evaluated. Thyroidectomized dogs had significant (P < 0.05) increases in serum oleic acid and linoleic acid concentrations, and decreases in concentration of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and other elongation products of fatty acid metabolism. These changes were reversed in response to thyroid hormone replacement. Similar changes were found in cutaneous fatty acid concentration profiles. Thus, in dogs, thyroid hormones may be involved in the regulation of fatty acid Δ-6-desaturase activity.
Influence of recombinant bovine interferon gamma and dexamethasone on pneumonia attributable to Haemophilus somnus in calves
Authors: Chiang Yu-Wei , Roth James A. , Andrews John J. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The influence of recombinant bovine interferon gamma (rBoIFN-gamma) treatment on resistance of clinically normal and dexamethasone-treated calves to Haemophilus somnus infection was evaluated. Four groups of 6 calves each were treated with saline solution (controls), dexamethasone (0.04 mg/kg of body weight/for 3 days), rBoIFN-gamma (2 μg/kg for 2 days), or dexamethasone and rBoIFN-gamma (aforementioned dosages). All treatments were started 24 hours before intrabronchial challenge exposure with 5 × 109 colony-forming units of H somnus. Rectal temperature and WBC count were monitored daily. Two of the dexamethasone-treated calves died of pneumonia 4 days after challenge exposure and were necropsied. All other calves were euthanatized and necropsied 7 days after challenge exposure. All calves had pneumonia of variable intensity. Dexamethasone-treated calves had increased volume of pneumonic lung (P < 0.05) and increased severity of pneumonia, compared with control calves. Recombinant bovine interferon gamma treatment resulted in reduction in pneumonic lung volume and severity of pneumonia in dexamethasone-treated calves (P < 0.05), although it did not influence severity of pneumonia in nondexamethasone-treated calves.
Effects of inflammation and aqueous tear film deficiency on conjunctival morphology and ocular mucus composition in cats
Authors: Johnson Ben W. , Whiteley Herbert E. , McLaughlin Susan A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
An experimental model of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (kcs) was produced by removing the lacrimal gland and the gland of the third eyelid from the left eye of 6 cats. The right eye of each cat was left intact and used as a control. After 2 weeks, cats were euthanatized and the central portion of the upper eyelid from both eyes of each cat was excised. Histologic sections were stained with either hematoxylin and eosin or with a battery of biotinylated lectins including concanavalin A (cona), soybean agglutinin (sba), wheat germ agglutinin (wga), succinylated wheat germ agglutinin (s-wga), Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (uea), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (dba), Ricinus communis agglutinin (rca), peanut agglutinin (pna), and pna pretreated with neuraminidase.
Consistent differences in histologic features were not observed between conjunctivas with kcs and control conjunctivas. A variable degree of mononuclear cell infiltration of the substantia propria was observed in control conjunctivas and those with kcs. In both groups, conjunctival goblet cell density decreased and epithelial stratification increased as the degree of submucosal inflammatory cell infiltration increased.
Lectin binding sites for dba, wga, s-wga, uea, pna, and pna pretreated with neuraminidase were detected on conjunctival goblet cells of conjunctivas with kcs and control conjunctivas. The mucus/glycocalyx layer of conjunctival epithelial cells in both groups of conjunctivas bound lectins rca, wga, uea, and cona, but inconsistently bound s-wga. In both groups, dba principally bound to the mucus layer overlying normal epithelium, whereas pna pretreated with neuraminidase consistently bound to the mucus layer of stratified epithelial surfaces free of goblet cells. Binding of sba to goblet cells and the mucus/glycocalyx layer was variable.
Effects of marketing stress on fecal excretion of Salmonella spp in feeder calves
Authors: Corrier D. E. , Purdy C. W. , DeLoach J. R. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Fecal samples were collected from 200 feeder-calves on farms in Tennessee, after assembly at a Tennessee auction market, and after transport to a Texas feedyard. A final fecal sample was collected from each calf after 30 days of feedyard confinement. The fecal samples were cultured for the presence of Salmonella spp. Salmonella isolates were serotyped and antimicrobial drug-resistance patterns determined. The number of calves fecal culture-positive for Salmonella spp increased from 0 on the Tennessee farms and auction market to 3/200 (1.5%) at entry into the Texas feedyard, and 16/200 (8%) after 30 days of feedyard confinement. Salmonella serotypes isolated and the number of isolates of each serotype were S reading (8), S cerro (4), S newbrunswick (3), S anatum (2), and S typhimurium (copenhagen; 2). All Salmonella isolates were resistant to 5 or more of 13 antimicrobial drugs tested. Salmonella reading isolates were resistant to 10 or 11 of 13 antimicrobial drugs. The results indicated that the calves could have been infected with Salmonella spp prior to or during the course of the study, and that marketing stress as they moved from farm through feedyard may have induced fecal excretion of Salmonellae. In addition, the pattern of antimicrobial drug resistance in the Salmonella isolates was broad.
Electroencephalographic and histopathologic correlations in eight dogs with intracranial mass lesions
Authors: Steiss Janet E. , Cox Nancy R. , Knecht Charles D. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
During 1986 and 1987, electroencephalographic examinations were done on 8 dogs with intracranial mass lesions confirmed by computerized tomography, biopsy, necropsy, or a combination of these techniques. Tumor types included 1 astrocytoma, 1 undifferentiated glioma, 2 mixed gliomas, 2 meningiomas, 1 choroid plexus papilloma, and 1 cholesterol granuloma. It was found that no eeg pattern was pathognomonic for tumor type or location. Slow-wave activity was observed in the eeg of most of the dogs; asymmetry in amplitude or frequency was observed in approximately half the cases.