bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endometriosis and subfertility
Authors: Morris Guy , Lilly Claire , Jefferys Amanda , O'Donovan Oliver , Akande Valentine 
Published: January 2024

Key content
Medical management of endometriosis is often contraceptive. In contrast, surgical treatment may improve the chance of spontaneous conception. There is conflicting evidence as to whether surgery improves outcomes with assisted conception, and this should be discussed with a specialist in reproductive medicine.
Surgery, particularly for ovarian endometriosis, can cause a decreased ovarian reserve and fertility preservation should be considered.
There is no standard approach to managing endometriosis in the fertility setting. It is important to take a holistic approach to diagnosis and management of the subfertile couple where endometriosis may be a contributing factor.
Learning objectives
To understand the mechanisms by which endometriosis can contribute to subfertility.
To understand the importance of a comprehensive assessment of the subfertile couple and the important factors that will inform an individualised management plan.
To develop a framework for managing endometriosis in the context of subfertility including fertility preservation
X‐ray irradiation effectively inactivated lymphocytes in transfusion in vivo monitored by the bioluminescence transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease model
Authors: Peng Dongxin , Bai Wenyuan , Zhang Can , Chang Xindai , Ma Ping , Wang Xiaohui , Sun Sujing , Zhan Linsheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTransfusion of cold‐stored whole blood is the preferred resuscitation method for trauma patients but may cause transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease (TA‐GVHD). Standard clinical practice to prevent this is to irradiate blood components with gamma‐rays. X‐ray irradiations are also a safe and effective alternative to gamma‐ray irradiation. We established a visual mouse model of TA‐GVHD to compare the viability and function of lymphocytes exposed to gamma‐ and x‐ray irradiation.Materials and MethodsA haploidentical transplantation mouse model was established to simulate TA‐GVHD with Balb/c mice as donors and hybrid F1 CB6 mice (Balb/c × C57) as recipients. Spleen cells from Tg‐Fluc+ Balb/c mice were isolated and irradiated with gamma‐rays and x‐rays. Lymphocyte activation, apoptosis and proliferation post phorbol 1 2‐myristate 1 3‐acetate (PMA) stimulation were evaluated. After transfusion, we monitored Fluc+ lymphocytes daily by bioluminescence imaging. Recipients were euthanized on day 21, and tissues were examined pathologically and for inflammatory cytokines.ResultsThe viability of gamma‐ or x‐ray irradiated lymphocytes decreased significantly with slight changes in proliferation in vivo after transfusion. Compared with the non‐irradiated group, both the gamma‐ and x‐ray irradiated groups showed significantly decreased clinical scoring and inflammatory cytokine levels. The fluorescence intensity of the body and target organs was reduced after irradiation.ConclusionNo recipients acquired TA‐GVHD after lymphocyte transfusion subjected to gamma‐ or x‐rays, showing that x‐rays inactivate as well as gamma rays and are suitable for irradiating whole blood.
Novel regulatory variant in ABO intronic RUNX1 binding site inducing A3 phenotype
Authors: Thun Gian Andri , Gueuning Morgan , Sigurdardottir Sonja , Meyer Eduardo , Gourri Elise , Schneider Linda , Merki Yvonne , Trost Nadine , Neuenschwander Kathrin , Engström Charlotte , Frey Beat M. , Meyer Stefan , Mattle‐Greminger Maja P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMixed‐field agglutination in ABO phenotyping (A3, B3) has been linked to genetically different blood cell populations such as in chimerism, or to rare variants in either ABO exon 7 or regulatory regions. Clarification of such cases is challenging and would greatly benefit from sequencing technologies that allow resolving full‐gene haplotypes at high resolution.Materials and MethodsWe used long‐read sequencing by Oxford Nanopore Technologies to sequence the entire ABO gene, amplified in two overlapping long‐range PCR fragments, in a blood donor presented with A3B phenotype. Confirmation analyses were carried out by Sanger sequencing and included samples from other family members.ResultsOur data revealed a novel heterozygous g.10924C>A variant on the ABO*A allele located in the transcription factor binding site for RUNX1 in intron 1 (+5.8 kb site). Inheritance was shown by the results of the donor's mother, who shared the novel variant and the anti‐A specific mixed‐field agglutination.ConclusionWe discovered a regulatory variant in the 8‐bp RUNX1 motif of ABO, which extends current knowledge of three other variants affecting the same motif and also leading to A3 or B3 phenotypes. Overall, long‐range PCR combined with nanopore sequencing proved powerful and showed great potential as an emerging strategy for resolving cases with cryptic ABO phenotypes.
Compliance of blood donors in Germany with non‐sexual deferral criteria
Authors: Preußel Karina , Albrecht Stefan , Offergeld Ruth 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn addition to mandatory testing of blood donations, the deferral of donors in the case of various sexual and non‐sexual risk exposures ensures the safety of blood products in Germany. The study aimed to quantify non‐disclosure of non‐sexual risk exposures, as no data are available so far.Materials and MethodsWe conducted an anonymous online survey among whole‐blood donors with successful donations between January and March 2020. Data on travel to countries with endemic malaria, recent mild or febrile infections, tattoos or piercings and drug use were collected. We analysed non‐compliance in relation to donor demographics by multivariable analyses.ResultsAltogether, 5.4% of the donors were non‐compliant. Non‐disclosure was highest for mild infection with 3.3% of donors, followed by febrile infections (1.4%), travel to malaria endemic countries (0.7%) and body modifications (0.5%). Intravenous drug use was negligible in our study population. Age was a predictor for all investigated risks, with higher prevalence in younger age groups. Prevalence ratios for non‐disclosure of body modifications and mild infection were higher in females than males. Donation in blood establishments with mobile services was associated with higher non‐disclosure of mild infections.ConclusionThe considerable degree of non‐compliance in some donor groups reflects the prevalence of risk factors in the underlying population (e.g., body modification) as well as probable tendency to socially desirable responding. Donor education should not focus exclusively on sexual risk behaviour, as undisclosed non‐sexual exposures may bear risks for recipients and donors.
PeleMP: The Multiphysics Solver for the Combustion Pele Adaptive Mesh Refinement Code Suite
Authors: Owen Landon D. , Ge Wenjun , Rieth Martin , Arienti Marco , Esclapez Lucas , Soriano Bruno S. , Mueller Michael E. , Day Marcus , Sankaran Ramanan , Chen Jacqueline H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Combustion encompasses multiscale, multiphase reacting flow physics spanning a wide range of scales from the molecular scales, where chemical reactions occur, to the device scales, where the turbulent flow is affected by the geometry of the combustor. This scale disparity and the limited measurement capabilities from experiments make modeling combustion a significant challenge. Recent advancements in high-performance computing (HPC), particularly with the Department of Energy's Exascale Computing Project (ECP), have enabled high-fidelity simulations of practical applications to be performed. The major physics submodels, including chemical reactions, turbulence, sprays, soot, and thermal radiation, exhibit distinctive computational characteristics that need to be examined separately to ensure efficient utilization of computational resources. This paper presents the multiphysics solver for the Pele code suite, called PeleMP, which consists of models for spray, soot, and thermal radiation. The mathematical and algorithmic aspects of the model implementations are described in detail as well as the verification process. The computational performance of these models is benchmarked on multiple supercomputers, including Frontier, an exascale machine. Results are presented from production simulations of a turbulent sooting ethylene flame and a bluff-body swirl stabilized spray flame with sustainable aviation fuels to demonstrate the capability of the Pele codes for modeling practical combustion problems with multiphysics. This work is an important step toward the exascale computing era for high-fidelity combustion simulations providing physical insights and data for predictive modeling of real-world devices.
Comparison of Heat Transfer and Friction in Pipes With Various Internal Roughness
Authors: Raoufi Abdolreza , Williams Andrew D. , Metcalfe Craig , Trudeau Paul-Emile , Brinkerhoff Joshua , Warwaruk Lucas , Ghaemi Sina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The heat transfer and friction factor of turbulent pipe flows with different internal roughness are experimentally investigated. Three types of roughness in forms of a mesh, hemispherical elements, and a coil are added to the interior of pipes with an inner diameter of 52.5 mm. The working fluid is air, and the Reynolds numbers vary from 20,000 to 90,000 in increments of 10,000. For investigating the heat transfer, the pipe wall is heated to 375 °C while the inlet air remains at the room temperature. The measurements show that the mesh-type roughness results in a maximum Nusselt number, Nu, increase of approximately 6%, the pipes with hemispherical roughness increased the Nu by a maximum amount of 30%, and the coil increased Nu by up to 60% compared with the smooth pipe. The maximum increase of friction factor is 40% for the pipes with mesh-type roughness, 30% for pipes with hemispherical roughness, and 67% for pipes with coil roughness. The experimental results indicate that adding hemispherical and coil roughness to the internal surface of the pipe can lead to a significant improvement in the rate of heat transfer while adding a mesh-type roughness can have marginal improvements and comes with a large frictional loss penalty. The analysis shows that the highest thermohydraulic performance is achieved using the hemispherical roughness elements.
Research on the Hydroelastic Response of Ice Floes and Wave Scattering Field
Authors: Zhang Xi , Li Tingqiu , Liu Zuyuan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The marginal ice zone (MIZ) is the area between sea ice and open water, the structure of which is mainly determined by wave and ice interactions. Thus mastering the characteristics of MIZ is of great significance to the Arctic routes opening and the natural resources development. In this paper, the hydroelastic response of ice floes in waves is studied, a three-dimensional numerical wave tank is established based on the computational fluid dynamics technology. The finite volume method and finite element method are respectively utilized for the discrete fluid domain and ice domain. A mapping interface at the junction of the fluid and ice floes domains is created to perform data mapping by the shape function interpolation method and the least square method. This work presents a series of numerical simulations to study the fluid–solid interaction of waves and ice floes. Under the given incident wave parameters, the vertical bending deformation of ice floes with different shapes under the excitation of waves, the effect of ice floes' deformation on the wave field are studied, and the effect of wave overwash on the transmitted wave field is emphasized. Results show that the shape of the ice floes significantly affects its elastic deformation and scattered wave field, and the wave overwash phenomenon attenuates the scattering wave.
Reliability Analysis of Crack Growth Occurrence for a Secondary Hull Component Due to Vibration Excitation
Authors: Kolle Kleivane Siri , Leira Bernt J. , Steen Sverre 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ship hull vibration is a significant contributor to fatigue crack growth and the major sources of vibrations are found to be the main engine vibration excitation, the wave-induced springing and whipping loads, and the actions of the propeller. In the midship region, wave-induced loads and the main engine are the major contributors, whereas propeller excitation dominates in the aft region of the ship hull. No general method exists to solve all kinds of vibration problems and they need to be evaluated through a case-by-case approach. The complex and uncertain aspects of hull vibration and fatigue crack growth motivate the need for a reliability-based scheme for assessing the resulting fatigue crack propagation. In the present paper, a probabilistic formulation for the failure probability of the occurrence of crack propagation of a secondary hull component is outlined. A generic cargo hold model is analyzed with engine excitation and wave-induced loading as vibration sources, and a stochastic model for vibration response is outlined. The limit state is formulated as the possible occurrence of fatigue crack growth. The secondary hull component considered is a pipe stack support, which is a supporting component that attaches the cargo pipes to the wall inside a cargo tank. Different initial crack sizes are implemented to evaluate the adequacy of the applied stochastic model for vibration response and the accuracy of the estimated failure probability is assessed.
Heat Transfer Enhancement of Impinging Jet-Corrugated Solar Air Heaters
Authors: Raheem Aneeq , Siddique Waseem , Waheed Khalid , Aziz Imran , Javed Irfan , Iqbal Muhammad Numan , Salameh Tareq , Qureshi Kamran 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Solar air heater (SAH) is one of many applications of solar energy, but it has low thermal performance. To cater to this issue, a novel corrugated jet-impinging channel has been proposed for the absorbing plate of SAHs. The Nusselt number, pressure loss pumping power, and friction factor were computed by experimental and numerical studies for three different arrangements of jets, i.e., 1 × 1 square, 2 × 2, and 3 × 3 jet array with three target plates, i.e., smooth, trapezoidal, and sinusoidal corrugated plates over the Reynolds number range of 1740–2700 and jet-to-target plate spacing of 5.1–14.6. It was observed that jet-to-target plate distance and multiple jets impinging can affect the heat transfer enhancement significantly. An optimization study has been performed using the statistical Taguchi method. The optimum value of Nusselt number was found for the trapezoidal corrugated target plate, with 3 × 3 multiple jet impingement, jet-to-target plate distance of 5.1, and Reynolds number value of 2700, while the optimum value of friction factor was found for 3 × 3 jet impingement. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental data are found to be in good agreement. An increase of 11 times was observed in the thermal performance factor as compared to the base case. Trapezoidal corrugation seems to be the effective profile for SAHs.
A Root Cause of Curve Squeal: Self-Excited Frictional Vibration of a Wheelset–Track System
Authors: Feng Xiaohang , Chen Guangxiong , Song Qifeng , Dong Bingjie , Ren Wenjuan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
When a metro vehicle navigates a tight curve, it invariably causes a squealing noise. Most researchers proposed the negative friction–velocity slope as the generation mechanism for curve squeal. However, some phenomena of railway curve squeal are still difficult to explain. The purpose of this paper is to establish a friction-coupling finite element model of the wheelset–track system that can accurately predict curve squeal and to examine the influence of different wheelset–track structures on the trend of curve squeal occurrence. It has been proposed that curve squealing is caused by self-excited frictional vibrations. The complex eigenvalue analysis (CEA) and transient dynamics analysis were applied to predict the unstable vibration of curve squeal. The impacts of the coefficient of friction between the rail and the wheel, wheel web plate shape, fastener damping, gauge, and negative friction–velocity slope on the curve squealing noise were studied. The results demonstrated that the predicted frequency corresponded to the main frequency of the squealing noise measured on-site. Simultaneously, a friction coefficient of 0.25 or higher resulted in a curve squeal with a frequency of 2153.9 Hz. An S-shaped web plate wheel, appropriate fastener damping, and gauge can reduce unstable vibrations and curve squealing when a metro vehicle navigates a tight curve. The negative friction–velocity slope has less influence on the tendency of curve squealing.
Investigation of the Effect of Underpressure Between Main and Dust Lip on the Performance of Radial Shaft Seals Under Instationary Shaft Movements
Authors: Stiemcke Yvo , Thielen Stefan , Schollmayer Tim , Koch Oliver 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Radial shaft seals (RSS) are increasingly used in applications with highly dynamic rotational shaft movement, high accelerations, and frequent changes in the rotational direction, e.g. positioning robots. For such instationary conditions, the behavior of radial shaft seals has not been adequately understood yet. Therefore, under such conditions, radial shaft seals show leakage much more frequently than under stationary conditions. This is a problem especially in food processing or surface treatment processes where even the smallest amount of oil leakage can cause significant financial and reputational damage. Previous investigations have shown that leakage does mostly occur with shaft seals equipped with a contacting dust lip. Consequently, it is assumed, that the build up of negative pressure between dust and the main lip plays a role in the leakage mechanism. A measuring setup and evaluation strategy for measuring this underpressure during instationary shaft movements have been developed. A measurement regime with variation of different influential parameters has been conducted. Results show build up of a much higher underpressure when compared to stationary shaft rotation with severe impacts on the RSS’s operational behavior.
Investigation of Practical Delivery of Radical Species for Main Chamber Seeding Using a Radical-Generating Pre-Combustion Chamber
Authors: Beurlot Kyle , Jacobs Timothy , Vieira Greg , Olsen Daniel , Patterson Mark 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Pre-combustion chambers are commonly used in large-bore natural gas compressor engines to extend the lean limit and repeatability of ignition while simultaneously providing emissions reduction benefits. By extension, prechambers reduce the overall greenhouse gas production at compressor stations and serve to improve the carbon footprint. A study to provide an initial numerical simulation screening of a new ignition technique in a Cooper-Bessemer GMV two stroke lean burn natural gas engine was conducted using Converge CFD software, guiding original equipment manufacturers and developers in improving combustion processes and reducing methane emissions. Prior to ignition by the primary prechamber, radical and intermediate product of combustion species were introduced into the main combustion chamber by means of a deliberately quenched secondary prechamber to boost mixture reactivity and assist flame propagation through unburned regions. A wide selection of chemical species for the radical and intermediate generating prechamber seeding injection were investigated, as well as three timings of injection and two distinct temperature levels. Across each of the tested conditions, an initial filtering was conducted to establish limits on combinations that produced undesired early ignitions in the main chamber, while non-igniting combinations were investigated for successful seeding potential. In the event of successful seeding, the concentrations of species specifically introduced by the radical and intermediate generating prechamber were compared against the surviving concentrations just before primary ignition, and the impact of the seeding on the combustion process and residual methane concentrations was determined. This study provides an initial numerical screening of a new ignition technique to determine if the approach is promising for reducing methane emissions through ignition system improvements and should be further examined with on-engine experimental evaluation.
Empirical Investigation of Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled by Ethanol and DME at Low Engine Load
Authors: LeBlanc Simon , Wang Linyan , Jin Long , Sandhu Navjot , Yu Xiao , Zheng Ming 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Low-carbon fuels can reduce the carbon footprint within the transportation sector significantly. Upcoming emission regulations challenge diesel-fueled combustion engines, especially concerning NOx and smoke. Combustion strategies that enable low-temperature combustion can realize low NOx and soot emissions, simultaneously. Reactivity-charged compression ignition (RCCI) mode enables a range of applicable fuels and can perform with a wider load range. However, challenges persist with poor combustion efficiency at low-load RCCI. This work studies the dual-fuel combustion of high-pressure direct injection DME with port-fueled ethanol. The injection timing of DME was advanced until the RCCI combustion mode was apparent. The influence of premixed energy share (PES) of ethanol was compared under a similar load. Combustion and emissions were characterized by in-cylinder pressure measurement and exhaust emissions speciation. In a conventional dual-fuel combustion mode, the major proponent of exhaust hydrocarbon emissions was unburned ethanol. The advance of the injection timing lowered the proportion of unburned ethanol in the exhaust similarly among premixed energy shares. As a result, an 11% absolute increase in combustion efficiency was realized with an advanced injection timing from 355°CA to 300°CA. The NOx emissions were reduced. By employing a split injection strategy, RCCI pressure rise rates and NOx emissions could be further minimized. The results show that optimized fuel scheduling of DME-ethanol RCCI may establish low NOx and ultra-low smoke emissions with high combustion efficiency.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
secretion chaperones PrsA, SlrA, and HtrA are required for competence, antibiotic resistance, colonization, and invasive disease
Authors: George Jada L. , Agbavor Charles , Cabo Leah F. , Cahoon Laty A. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pneumoniae
is a Gram-positive bacterium and a significant health threat with the populations most at risk being children, the elderly, and the immuno-compromised. To colonize and transition into an invasive infectious organism,
S. pneumoniae
secretes virulence factors that are translocated across the bacterial membrane and destined for surface exposure, attachment to the cell wall, or secretion into the host. The surface exposed protein chaperones PrsA, SlrA, and HtrA facilitate
S. pneumoniae
protein secretion; however, the distinct roles contributed by each of these secretion chaperones have not been well defined. Tandem Mass-Tagged Mass Spectrometry and virulence, adhesion, competence, and cell wall integrity assays were used to interrogate the individual and collective contributions of PrsA, SlrA, and HtrA to multiple aspects of
S. pneumoniae
physiology and virulence. PrsA, SlrA, and HtrA were found to play critical roles in
S. pneumoniae
host cell infection and competence, and the absence of each of these secretion chaperones significantly altered the
S. pneumoniae
secretome in distinct ways. PrsA and SlrA were additionally found to contribute to cell wall assembly and resistance to cell wall-active antimicrobials and were important for enabling
S. pneumoniae
host cell adhesion during colonization and invasive infection. These findings serve to further illustrate the pivotal contributions of PrsA, SlrA, and HtrA to
S. pneumoniae
protein secretion and virulence.