bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study between laparoscopic trans-abdominal retromuscular repair and intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair techniques in ventral hernia
Authors: Hassan Ahmed Hassan Atia , Hassan Sadek Mohamed Abdel Rahman , Ibrahim Islam Mohamed , AbdAllah Zaitoun Mohamed 
Published: October 2023

Background
A hernia is a projection of an organ or part of an organ through a defect in the body wall. When compared to open procedures, laparoscopic ventral hernia repair has consistently demonstrated lower overall complication rates, shorter hospital stays, and faster return to work.

Aim
To compare the efficacy and safety between laparoscopic transabdominal retromuscular mesh (TARM) repair and laparoscopic (IPOM) repair in the treatment of patients with ventral hernia in Zagazig University Hospitals as a single center experience.

Patients and methods
This study is a prospective randomized clinical trial carried out upon 48 patients who were randomized by closed envelope method into two groups: Group (A): had undergone Laparoscopic TARM repair. Group (B): had undergone Laparoscopic IPOM repair.

Results
There was statistically significant variation between groups concerning cost which was significantly lower in laparoscopic TARM repair. Group B was lower regard intra operative complication rate but not significantly, but regard postoperative complication Group A significantly associated with Seroma and Group B significantly associated with Bulge. Complicated cases were significantly younger and wider regarding hernia width.

Conclusion
TARM repair technique was more time consuming but with less cost in comparison to the IPOM technique. TARM has the advantage of defect closure and avoiding mesh contact with abdominal viscera.
The role of percutaneous radiological guided interventions in the management of biliary leakage
Authors: Elkamry A. , Mohallel A. , Bessa S.S. , Hegab S.E. , El Shafey M. M. 
Published: October 2023

Background
Percutaneous image-guided biliary interventions is an important tool to deal with bile leaks. This prospective study was conducted from March 2021 to April 2023 aiming to clarify the role of image-guided interventions in the management of bile leaks, preventing its devastating consequences.

Patients and methods
We prospectively studied 30 patients diagnosed with bile leakage referred to our department between March 2021 to April 2023. We analyzed cause and time of bile leak presentation, percutaneous biliary drainage technique, and additional procedures when required, the technical and clinical success of the procedures, leak healing timing, and complication rates.

Results
Bile leak was suspected within a mean of 7 days (range from day 0–17 days) after the initial incident. In all patients image-guided biliary tree percutaneous access was attempted. An external biliary drain was inserted in 13 cases, 17 patients had an internal-external biliary drain crossing the leaking site. Complete leakage healing following PTBD was achieved in 20 of 30 patients (66.7%) which occurred in an average of 87 days (range 45–130 days). No major complications were encountered after the procedure.

Conclusions
PTBD is an effective, safe and feasible approach to deal with biliary leaks. It can be an alternative to tedious complex surgical attempt when ERCP is not applicable, which entails higher burden regarding patient morbidity and mortality.
Interstitial cells of Cajal in the ureteropelvic junction: does its expression have a role in the pathogenesis of congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction?
Authors: Abdelnaser Mohamed G. , AlBaghdady Ayman A. , Shakawer Marwa M. , Girguis Nader N. , Elghandour Mostafa M. , Elsherbeny Mohammed S. 
Published: October 2023

Background
One of the most frequent urological abnormalities in pediatric urology and the most frequent cause of hydronephrosis in the pediatric age group is uteropelvic <ureteropelvic?> junction obstruction (UPJO). Although its etiology has been the subject of several investigations, it is still unknown.

Objective
Comparing the quantitative changes in the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) between specimens with UPJO and specimens without hydronephrosis using light microscopy and correlating these changes to the etiology of the disease.

Methods
Patients with UPJO and patients without obstruction were compared immunohistochemically with c-kit (CD117) between February 2020 and February 2022 at Ain Shams University Hospital to quantify the ICC, which is situated close to the circular muscle layer and parallel to the muscle cells.

Results
Light microscopic analysis revealed that the control group’s Cajal cell density was much higher than the number of cells in the patients with UPJ blockage.

Conclusion
Our research found that the mean density of the ICC was lower in UPJO patients compared with controls, indicating that the absence of the ICC may contribute to the pathogenesis of UPJO.
Comparative study between early versus late enteral nutrition after gastrointestinal anastomosis operations
Authors: Rizk Rimon Boshra , Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed , Mostafa Hesham Salem , Ahmed Ahmed Saad 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
An anastomosis of the digestive tract is a common operation, whether it be an unexpected medical crisis or a planned procedure. Feeding soon after gastrointestinal anastomosis is not only physiological, but also protects against morphologic and functional trauma-related modifications in the gut.

Aim of work
This research aimed to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of initiating Enteral Nutrition immediately following gastrointestinal anastomosis surgery versus delaying it for a later time. Additionally, the frequency of Adverse Events.

Patients and methods
Thirty patients underwent abdominal surgery, with treatments ranging from small- to large-intestine anastomosis, for both urgent and elective reasons. Early postoperative enteral feeding in the early feeding group commenced within 24 h of surgery or immediately following nasogastric tube removal. The delayed feeding group began enteral feeding using the standard technique once bowel sounds were restored, distention was gone, and the patient passed flatus or stool. 14 patients were in the early enteral feeding group (A) while 16 patients were in the late enteral feeding group (B). Data regarding blood loss and transfusion, NGT removal time, time of intestinal sounds return, time of passage flatus and stool, hospital stay and postoperative complications were recorded.

Results
Among those who ate too early (46.6%), those who ate late (53.3%), abdominal distension was noted in 28.6%,in the early group and 43.8% in late feeding group and vomiting was reported in 50.0%, and 62.5%, respectively. In the first group, 57.1% of those who fed early experienced fever, while in the second group, 75.0% of those who fed late did so. Late feeding is associated with a statistically significant rise in both the Day of NGT removal and the Length of stay. When patients were admitted for early feeding, they stayed in the hospital for an average of 5.71 days. There was no statistically significant difference according serum albumin between the early feeding (3.79) and late feeding (3.50). There was a significantly higher concentration of potassium in the blood in the early feeding group (3.93) compared to the late feeding group (3.219). Anastomotic leaking, surgical site infection, and intensive care unit admission were not significantly different between early and late feeding.

Conclusion
Early enteral feeding has the upper hand on late enteral feeding as it goes with GIT physiology, we found that early postoperative feeding following gastrointestinal anastomosis surgery significantly reduced the day of NGT removal and the length of hospitalization, which may be attributable to fewer problems and better gut motility and healing.
Fetal mummification complicating a dichorionic twin gestation
Authors: Jagun Olusoji Edward , Adesegun Oluwaseyitan 
Published: October 2023

Fetus papyraceous is a complication of multiple gestation characterized by single intrauterine fetal death of a twin, co-existing with a normal twin. It can present without problems to the mother and surviving twin but it increases the risk of death to the surviving twin, preterm delivery, dystocia, and other fetomaternal complications. This case aims to draw attention to the rare finding of a mummified twin coexisting with a normal twin, as well as the clinical management of such presentation. We present a case of a 32-year-old multigravida with no living children, who spontaneously conceived a twin pregnancy that was complicated by fetus papyraceous and eventual (inevitable) preterm delivery. The pregnancy was managed conservatively by frequent fetomaternal monitoring to allow for adequate fetal lung maturity. The surviving twin and mother remained stable postpartum. Frequent ultrasonographic monitoring along with conservative management to prolong pregnancy until fetal lung maturity is ascertained, are useful strategies in managing such a case, and the management of each case should be individualized.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:
Medical knowledge, Patient care.
A literature survey on the biomarkers of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Pavithra Ravindran , Sangeetha Thangavelu , Velayuthaprabhu Shanmugam , Anand Arumugam Vijaya 
Published: October 2023

Biomarkers of any condition will help in predicting the disease that can help in improvised treatment and medication. Due to lack of symptoms and precursors, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading reasons for death in population all over the world. To reduce the death rate and improve the therapeutic approach, biomarkers related to CVD can be helpful. The study of the levels of biomarkers in the body can help in predicting the chances of CVD. The literature study of biomarkers of CVD is to analyze the biomarkers and their role and levels in causing CVD. Among the various analyzed lipid-related markers like apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A1, lipoprotein (a), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, coronary artery calcification, cystatin C, it has been identified that the cystatin C is the biomarker for not only the chronic kidney disease but also a predictor of major CVD events.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:
Medical knowledge, Patient care, Systems-based practice.
Cyberbullying: A study of its extent, coping resources, and psychological impact among college students
Authors: Gupta Shampa , Soohinda Geeta , Sampath Harshavardhan , Dutta Sanjiba 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Bullying is an aggressive act with a hostile intent to dominate, abuse, or intimidate an individual(s) with a lesser social or physical power, repeatedly over a period of time. Though bullying can manifest in any social situation, its pernicious presence in the educational institutions has become a source of concern to all stakeholders. With their self-esteem and world view entwined in cyberspace, the present generation of young adults derive their social status and self-worth through affirmations through the internet via social networking sites. Cyberspace is an ideal environment for bullies as it is relatively anonymous, allows the participation of a large audience, and is almost impossible to supervise.

Aim:
To estimate the extent, coping resources, and psychological impact of cyberbullying among Indian college students.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was carried out among undergraduate medical students of Sikkim. Cyberbullying, cybervictimization, coping strategies used by students, self-esteem, and levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were estimated using standardized self-report scales.

Results:
Out of 213 medical students, more than half of the college students (60.6%) were victims of cyberbullying. Coping strategies commonly used by cybervictims were technical coping, support from friends, and assertively confronting the bully online. Victims of cyberbullying had significantly more depression, anxiety, stress, and lower self-esteem (p values <0.05) compared to students who did not experience cyberbullying.

Conclusion:
This study illuminates the extent and nature of cyberbullying among Indian medical students. The negative mental health consequences of cyberbullying are worrying. Mental health professionals and stakeholders need to create an awareness and formulate strategies to combat cyberbullying in colleges.
Decoding the link between substance dependence and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A cross-sectional study from North India
Authors: Victor Robin , Gondwal Rohit , Avinash Priyaranjan , Singhania Rachit 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Substance dependence are often thought to be linked as they are found to co-exist in many individuals. ADHD is estimated to be an essential indicator for the development of substance use disorder. Aim and Objective: To explore the relationship between different substance dependence and ADHD.

Methods and Materials:
This cross-sectional single-interview study was done at a tertiary care hospital in which a total of 153 Cases presenting to the Psychiatry OPD in a period of 03 months were selected serially based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The diagnosis of substance dependence was made as per ICD-10 criteria. These subjects were then evaluated for the presence of ADHD and physical and psychological symptoms using the Adult ADHD self-rating scale and Maudsley’s Addiction Profile.

Results:
The majority of our study subjects were aged between 24-29 years (45%) and were predominantly males (98.7%). Most of our subjects were dependent on smack (adulterated heroin) (38.5%) followed by cannabis (27.4%) and alcohol (18.3%). When evaluated for ADHD using the ADHD self-rating scale, we found that almost one-third of the study population had ADHD (33%). Prevalence of ADHD was maximum in the subjects with cannabis dependence (47.6%) followed by tobacco/smoking (38.8%), cocaine (33%), and alcohol (21.5%). This association was statistically significant for cannabis (p = 0.035). The standard mean of both the physical as well as psychological symptoms experienced by subjects was higher in the ADHD group compared to the non-ADHD group which was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
While managing patients with substance dependence we need to target both underlying ADHD and any co-morbid physical and psychological illness if present for holistic recovery of the patient.
Neurocognitive and behavioral predictors of theory of mind (ToM) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI)
Authors: Jha Manisha , Sharma Vibha , Anthony Aldrin 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Investigating the core component of social cognition, known as the theory of mind (ToM), becomes imperative in patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) as they may present with social cognitive deficit-related disability interfering with patients’ functional and behavioral status.

Aims:
This study aimed to investigate the neurocognitive and behavioral predictors of the ToM in patients with traumatic brain injury (PtTBI).

Settings and Design:
Thirty PtTBI and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were assessed on a set of tasks.

Methods and Material:
The assessment included ToM tasks (cognitive and affective, verbal and nonverbal, and first-order and second-order) along with various neuropsychological (NP) assessments to explore their memory, executive functioning, and intelligence. Further, TBI participants also underwent behavioral and functional outcome measures using the Functional Status Examination (FSE) and the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale (NBRS).

Statistical Analysis:
The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analyses.

Results:
Findings confirmed ToM deficit across all modes of ToM tasks in PtTBI and implicated the role of executive function and working memory in the expression of ToM in this group. While cognitive faux pas (FPC) and first-order false belief together could explain poor performance on NBRS, the nonverbal ToM task predicts functional outcome in PtTBI.

Conclusions:
These findings have practical implications as they promote cognitive remediation intervention focused on restoring ToM, which may improve functional limitations and resulting disability in PtTBI.
The revamped Good Clinical Practice E6(R3) guideline: Profound changes in principles and practice!
Authors: Bhatt Arun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The International Council for Harmonisation has released a draft version E6(R3) of the Good Clinical Practice Guideline for public consultation. The objective of the revamped guideline is to make the new provisions applicable across diverse clinical trial types and settings and to remain relevant as technological and methodological advances occur. E6(R3) includes profound changes in the structure and content of E6(R2) version, which will impact all the trial conduct processes from planning to reporting. This guideline’s focus on principles, digital technology, ethics, and quality will increase the responsibilities of the ethics committees, the investigator, and the sponsor. This brief review discusses the impact of the guideline on trial conduct and the challenges of implementation in India.
Association between inhaled corticosteroid use and risk of hyperglycemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kholis Fathur Nur , Pratama Kevin Gracia , Hadiyanto Jessica Novia 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTObjectives:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have a higher risk of developing diabetes, and studies suggest that inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) use may be associated with a higher risk of diabetes, particularly at higher doses. This study aims to investigate the effects of ICS use on the risk of diabetes and blood glucose levels in COPD patients.Materials and Methods:A systematic search was carried out on the PubMed, EBSCOhost, and ProQuest databases using the terms “Inhaled Corticosteroids,” “Diabetes,” and “Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease” for the period between 2013 and 2023. The systematic review adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guideline. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model using the RevMan 5 software.Results:A total of 14 studies were included in the final analysis, with 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 4 observational studies. Two observational studies investigated the relationship between ICS dose and diabetes risk. A meta-analysis of the RCTs studies showed a nonstatistically significant tendency toward increased blood glucose (odds ratio [OR] 1.07 and 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88–1.30) after a 52-week follow-up. Whereas the observational studies showed a tendency toward an increased risk of diabetes (OR 1.40 and 95% CI 0.96–2.03). Furthermore, a subgroup meta-analysis of high-dose ICS (>900 mg/day) showed a significant increase in the risk of diabetes (OR 1.20 and 95% CI 1.09–1.32).Conclusion:Short-term use of ICS does not have a significant effect on blood glucose. However, long-term use, especially at higher doses, can increase the risk of developing diabetes.
Incommensurability Explained in the Terms of Presuppositions. A Comment to Kuhn’s Thesis on Radical Meaning Variance
Authors: Grobler Adam 
Published: October 2023

Kuhn’s radical meaning variance thesis implies that scientists, who work in different paradigms cannot understand each other. This, however, seems incredible. The air of paradox can be dispersed once the role of presuppositions in constituting a paradigm is acknowledged. Presuppositions function in the way of the Wittgensteinian ungrounded hinges and often are only implicitly assumed. In the face of recalcitrant puzzles some presuppositions can be made explicit and revised. The mechanism of possible revisions of presuppositions can be accounted for in terms of Hintikka’s interrogative model of scientific inquiry with some amendments.
The model includes three possible reactions to an anomaly: (i) a conservative offer of an auxiliary hypothesis within the current paradigm, (ii) a reinterpretation of puzzling experimental results and non-revolutionary enrichment of the current paradigm with a novel hypothesis, and (iii) a revision of presuppositions that amounts to a full-fledged scientific revolution. The choice depends on the success or failure of more conservative alternatives and the scope of application of the theory under investigation. In the proposed approach, incommensurability does not hinder communication between the proponents of different paradigms. In addition, some other controversial points in Kuhn’s views are explained, like Kuhn’s losses, reproaching conservative attitudes towards anomalies, or the admissibility or inadmissibility of the coexistence of rival paradigms. Last but not least, a link between a paradigm shift and the strive for truth is established.
Reductionism Debate in Molecular Biology: Max Delbrück’s Complementarity Approach
Authors: Balorda Vito 
Published: October 2023

In this paper, I address Max Delbrück’s conceptual and experimental importance for molecular biology (henceforth MB) origins. In particular, his complementarity approach and its anti-reductive implications on the (epistemic) reductionism debate in MB.
Regarding Delbrück’s conceptual and experimental importance, I examine his influence on the development of MB by exploring a shift of his interests from physics to biology. Particularly, I outline his central role in “The Phage Group”, the informal group of scientists examining the origin of hereditary life using bacteriophages as their experimental model of choice. Delbrück and “The Phage Group” greatly influenced the development of MB, which culminated with the shared 1969 Nobel Prize for the discoveries regarding replication mechanism and genetic structure of viruses.
Moreover, I examine Delbrück’s complementarity approach towards biological explanations. The complementarity in biology assumes that “biological phenomena might require the employment of descriptions that are mutually exclusive yet jointly necessary for understanding life processes” (McKaughan 2011, p. 11). I explore Delbrück’s complementarity approach, in particular the debate between the reductive and anti-reductive interpretations of it. I argue for the latter interpretation by suggesting that Delbrück advanced an anti-reductive view towards biological explanations by advocating for independent status of explanations of various biological disciplines. Furthermore, I address the complementarity approach in the light of the anti-reductive interpretation in the recent developments in MB, particularly, the potentiality of finding the complementarity approach in systems biology, epigenetics, and boundary selection.