bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dotTHz Project: A Standard Data Format for Terahertz Time-Domain Data
Authors: Lee Jongmin , Leung Chi Ki , Ma Mingrui , Ward-Berry Jasper , Santitewagun Supawan , Zeitler J. Axel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFrom investigating molecular vibrations to observing galaxies, terahertz technology has found extensive applications in research and development over the past three decades. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and imaging have experienced significant growth and now dominate spectral observations ranging from 0.1 to 10 THz. However, the lack of standardised protocols for data processing, dissemination, and archiving poses challenges in collaborating and sharing terahertz data between research groups. To tackle these challenges, we present the dotTHz project, which introduces a standardised terahertz data format and the associated open-source tools for processing of dotTHz files. The dotTHz project aims to facilitate seamless data processing and analysis by providing a common framework. All software components are released under the MIT licence through GitHub repositories to encourage widespread adoption, modification, and collaboration. We invite the terahertz community to actively contribute to the dotTHz project, fostering the development of additional tools that encompass a greater breadth and depth of functionality. By working together, we can establish a comprehensive suite of resources that benefit the entire terahertz community.
The Thermal Conductivity of Near-Eutectic Galinstan (Ga68.4In21.5Sn10) Molten Alloy
Authors: Lourenço Maria José V. , Alves Miguel , Serra João M. , Nieto de Castro Carlos A. , Buschmann Matthias H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The need for new heat transfer agent for many applications, namely in the consumer electronics industry, requires materials, liquids at room temperature, with high thermal conductivity. From the different possibilities, Galinstan, a eutectic alloy of Gallium, Indium, and Tin with a melting point (Tm = 283.4 K) has been proposed for many applications, namely for replacing the toxic mercury element, used for many years. It is the purpose of this paper to report thermal conductivity measurements of Galinstan, product name Gallium/Indium/Tin Eutectic (NL-011), Ga68.4In21.5Sn10. The method used was the transient hot strip (THS), using a platinum metal-film sensor, produced by PVD in ceramic substrates, and electrically insulated with a heat-shrinkable coating. The details of the data acquisition system and measuring procedure are reported. Measurements were performed between 28 °C and 103 °C (301 K to 376 K), at atmospheric pressure, with an estimated uncertainty of 6%, and compared with available literature. Data were correlated for linear interpolation. This type of sensor is applied to molten metals for the first time, proofing to concept to future applications in molten metals and molten salts at higher temperatures.

Graphical Abstract
Optical essential secret image sharing using unequal modulus decomposition and gyrator transform
Authors: Abdelfattah Mohamed G. , Hegazy Salem F. , Obayya Salah S. A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEssential Secret Image Sharing (ESIS) decomposes a secret image into a set of shares that are distributed among categorized participants, and ensures that only authorized subsets of these participants can restore the image. All ESIS schemes to date have been based merely on computational techniques. In this paper, an optical ESIS system is introduced which uses unequal modulus decomposition (UMD) and optical gyrator transform (GT), offering high-speed parallel processing and dispensing with any pre-processing stages. The presented (1, 2, n) ESIS system generates n shares, including one essential share, such that any two shares that include the essential one, can reconstruct the initial secret image with no distortion. Any other unauthorized subset will not gain any information about the image. The scheme generates essential and nonessential shares that are of equal size, eliminating the need to concatenate sub-shares during the reconstruction of the secret image. The results verify that the secret image was completely retrieved in cases of authorized access, while full distortion occurred in cases of unauthorized access. The GT rotation angle serves as an additional authentication factor to validate the essential share and bolster the security. The optical ESIS system exhibits a high level of sensitivity to the changes in the GT rotation angle - that a variation of just 0.001 radians can cause the correlation coefficient to drop below 0.05.
Leaky mode analysis using complex infinite elements
Authors: Khalil Ahmed E. , Hameed Mohamed Farhat O. , Obayya Salah S. A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe propose a novel numerically efficient model for accurate characterization of leaky modes in optical waveguides. Within the context of finite elements, the mesh boundaries are truncated using complex infinite elements (CIEs). The CIE is based on adopting the homogeneous solution of the wave equation with the shape function of infinite elements to accurately and physically model semi-infinite subdomains instead of placing an artificial layer such as PML. The proposed treatment can be easily implemented and requires less computational resources compared to other conventional mesh truncation methods. The accuracy and rigor of our approach are demonstrated through studying different leaky waveguides’ configurations.
Support for Gun Reform in the United States: The Interactive Relationship Between Partisanship and Trust in the Federal Government
Authors: Hansen Michael A. , Seppälä Mila 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStudies find that trust in the government is statistically related to support for gun control laws in the United States. Another finding in the literature is that Democratic partisans support gun restrictions at a statistically higher percentage than do Republicans—with the reverse relationship existing for loosening gun laws. While a recent study did find an interactive relationship between trust in government and political ideology (Ryan et al. in Polit Behav 44(2):725–748, 10.1007/s11109-020-09633-2, 2022), no study explores whether the impact of trust in government on support for gun reform is, in fact, a function of partisanship. In this study, we test whether there is an interactive relationship between trust in the government and partisan identification in predicting support for gun reform. Using the 2022 Cooperative Election Study (CES), we estimate logistic regression models that find an interactive effect between trust and partisanship. For Republicans, an increase in trust in government leads to a dramatic increase in support for gun control proposals, and a substantial decrease in support for gun rights expansion. For Democrats, trust in the government has almost no impact on support for gun reform. Further, we find that political ideology has only a small substantive relationship with attitudes on gun reform when interacted with both partisanship and trust in the federal government. The practical takeaway is that to increase support for gun control among Republicans, advocates must also recognize the role of governmental distrust in attitude formation among this partisan group.
Salinity impacts on humidification dehumidification (HDH) desalination systems: review
Authors: Nabil Ibrahim , Abdalla Abdalla M. , Mansour Tamer M. , Shehata Ali I. , Dawood Mohamed M Khairat 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe use of humidification-dehumidification water desalination technology has been shown to be a practical means of meeting the demand for freshwater. The aim of this review is to investigate the impact of salinity on HDH techniques that have various benefits in terms of both economics and the environment, including the capacity to operate at low temperatures, utilize sustainable energy sources, the need for low maintenance, and straightforward construction requirements. Also, in this review, it is observed that the HDH system’s components are strong and capable of treating severely salinized water. It can treat water in an appropriate way than other desalination technologies. This technology has recently been commercialized to treat highly salinized generated water. However, more research is needed to determine how salinity affects HDH productivity. According to several research investigations, while the specific thermal energy consumption increased considerably and the productivity of water per unit of time decreased significantly as the salt mass percentage grew, the purity of clean water did not suffer. The rejected brine must be reduced by increasing the total water recovery ratio in the HDH system. Through this review, it was found that brine control is becoming increasingly important in the water processing industry. ZLD systems, which aim to recover both freshwater and solid salts, can be a viable replacement for disposal methods. Finally, through this reviewer, it was concluded that HDH desalination systems may operate with extremely saline water while increasing salinity has a significant influence on system performance.
Recklessness, Agent-Relative Prerogatives, and Latent Obligations: Does Belief-Relativity Trump Fact-Relativity with Respect to Our Rights?
Authors: Alexander Larry 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAre our rights—to our bodily integrity, to our possessions, to the goods and services promised us, and so on—matters of fact, or are our rights functions of others’ beliefs about how their acts will affect our rights? The conventional view states that subjective oughts—based on what we believe—determine culpability, whereas objective oughts—based on the facts—determine permissibility. After all, the idea that our beliefs about how our acts would affect others’ rights might affect the contours of those rights themselves appears deeply paradoxical. For how can others’ rights be based on our beliefs when those beliefs have as their objects not themselves but others’ rights? Nonetheless, paradoxical as that position may appear, a strong case can be mounted in its defense, not by focusing on the rights themselves, but by focusing on the acts that imperil those rights. It is the burden of this essay to make a case for the belief-relativity rather than the fact-relativity of rights.
Coincidence detection and integration behavior in spiking neural networks
Authors: Stoll Andreas , Maier Andreas , Krauss Patrick , Gerum Richard , Schilling Achim 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecently, the interest in spiking neural networks (SNNs) remarkably increased, as up to now some key advances of biological neural networks are still out of reach. Thus, the energy efficiency and the ability to dynamically react and adapt to input stimuli as observed in biological neurons is still difficult to achieve. One neuron model commonly used in SNNs is the leaky-integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron. LIF neurons already show interesting dynamics and can be run in two operation modes: coincidence detectors for low and integrators for high membrane decay times, respectively. However, the emergence of these modes in SNNs and the consequence on network performance and information processing ability is still elusive. In this study, we examine the effect of different decay times in SNNs trained with a surrogate-gradient-based approach. We propose two measures that allow to determine the operation mode of LIF neurons: the number of contributing input spikes and the effective integration interval. We show that coincidence detection is characterized by a low number of input spikes as well as short integration intervals, whereas integration behavior is related to many input spikes over long integration intervals. We find the two measures to linearly correlate via a correlation factor that depends on the decay time. Thus, the correlation factor as function of the decay time shows a powerlaw behavior, which could be an intrinsic property of LIF networks. We argue that our work could be a starting point to further explore the operation modes in SNNs to boost efficiency and biological plausibility.
Economic inequality expanded after an extreme climate event: a long-term analysis of herders’ household data in Mongolia
Authors: Kakinuma Kaoru , Tamura Kohei , Takikawa Hiroki , Fujioka Yuichiro , Kezuka Kazuhiro , Nakamura Hiroshi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe importance of ending poverty and reducing economic inequality has been explicitly recognized globally. Climate extremes are a critical global risk and can lead to economic damages, but empirical evidence of their effects on economic inequality is limited. Here, we focus on Mongolian pastoralism, which has a coupled socio-ecological system, to examine the trend of economic inequality among herders following a climate extreme event. Mongolia experienced a winter disaster in 2009 that caused a mortality of about 20% of the total number of livestock across the country. We used a long-term livestock panel dataset at the household level (n = 787) during 2004–2013 to examine changes in the economic distribution after the disaster. Economic inequality increased after the disaster (Gini coefficient increased from 0.46 to 0.61), and the increased level of inequality remained 4 years after the disaster. A decomposition of the inequality analysis showed that within-group inequality largely contributed to the greater total inequality, and household groups with a small number of livestock had the largest increase in inequality. Moreover, household groups that did not recover their livestock number had a higher loss rate of livestock during the disaster than household groups that did recover. Although the number of total livestock in the study area did recover after 4 years, we empirically showed that inequality among herders increased after the disaster. This result suggests that economic distributions are critical when examining the socio-economic impacts of climate extremes. We also suggest that preparing for disasters during normal years to alleviate loss of livestock during a disaster, especially for households with a small number of livestock, is a critical way to reduce poverty in the face of more frequent climate extremes.
Optimal chlorophyll extraction conditions and postharvest stability in Moringa (M. Oleifera) leaves
Authors: Ngcobo Sifiso , Bada Samson Oluwaseyi , Ukpong Aniekan Magnus , Risenga Ida 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the optimal conditions for the extraction of chlorophyll and the stability of chlorophyll with postharvest storage period in Moringa Oleifera leaves harvested in 3 different years for its preservation and lifespan. For this purpose, chlorophylls a (Chla) and b (Chlb) were extracted from the leaves using acetone, methanol, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and the ‘green’ solvent (ethanol). In addition, the chlorophylls were extracted under various conditions, including temperatures (4, 25, and 45 °C), and times (10, 30, and 60 min) from dry leaves that were harvested in different years (2020, 2021, and 2022). The results showed that the Chla content extracted exceeded that of Chlb in the four solvents in all temperatures and extraction times, except for acetone and ethanol extracts under 45 °C at 30 and 60-min extraction times in samples harvested in 2022. An increase in extraction time and temperature resulted in higher chlorophyll content. Overall chlorophyll content decreased with the increasing postharvest storage period, particularly in methanol and ethanol extracts. The Chlorophyll Stability Index showed that chlorophyll is stable in moringa, such that the chlorophyll content obtained in a 2-year postharvest storage period samples was also found to be high. In general, the chlorophyll obtained from this study was found to be compatible with what is used in the industrial market. This suggests that the chlorophyll from moringa is stable and can be considered a major source of chlorophyll.
Surgery for Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Fotopoulou Christina , Eriksson Ane Gerda , Yagel Itai , Chang Suk-Joon , Lim Myong Cheol 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To review evidence around the value and challenges of surgery for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (ROC). Both cytoreductive and palliative aspects will be addressed

Recent Findings
Prospective and retrospective evidence demonstrates a significantly longer remission derived from the combination of surgical and systemic modalities as opposed to systemic treatment alone in carefully selected ROC-patients who have relapsed more than 6 months from the end of their 1st line platinum-based chemotherapy. Nevertheless, this benefit appears to be limited when total macroscopic tumor clearance is not achieved. Selection algorithms to identify optimal surgical candidates are of paramount importance to prevent surgical morbidity without the equivalent oncological benefit. In the palliative setting, the risks and benefits of salvage surgery need to be counterbalanced with the advances of conservative techniques for optimal care.

Summary
Well-defined selection algorithms to identify those who will benefit from surgery in the relapsed setting appear to be the key to oncologic and surgical success.
Factors influencing cranial variation between prehistoric Japanese forager populations
Authors: Buck L. T. , Menéndez L. P. , De Groote I. , Hassett B. R. , Matsumura H. , Stock J. T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the factors shaping human crania has long been a goal of biological anthropology, and climate, diet, and population history are three of the most well-established influences. The effects of these factors are, however, rarely compared within a single, variable population, limiting interpretations of their relative contribution to craniofacial form. Jomon prehistoric foragers inhabited Japan throughout its climatic and ecological range and developed correspondingly varied modes of subsistence. We have previously demonstrated that a large sample of Jomon crania showed no clear climatic pattern; here, we examine variation in Jomon crania in more detail to determine if dietary factors and/or population history influence human intrapopulation variation at this scale. Based on well-established archaeological differences, we divide the Jomon into dietary groups and use geometric morphometric methods to analyse relationships between cranial shape, diet, and population history. We find evidence for diet-related influences on the shape of the neurocranium, particularly in the temporalis region. These shape differences may be interpreted in the context of regional variation in the biomechanical requirements of different diets. More experimental biomechanical and nutritional evidence is needed, however, to move suggested links between dietary content and cranial shape from plausible to well-supported. In contrast with the global scale of human variation, where neutral processes are the strongest influence on cranial shape, we find no pattern of population history amongst individuals from these Jomon sites. The determinants of cranial morphology are complex and the effect of diet is likely mediated by factors including sex, social factors, and chronology. Our results underline the subtlety of the effects of dietary variation beyond the forager/farmer dichotomy on cranial morphology and contribute to our understanding of the complexity of selective pressures shaping human phenotypes on different geographic scales.
The role of parental environmental self-identity in active travel behavior within parent–adolescent dyads
Authors: Seemüller Selina , Beck Franziska , Tristram Clara , Marzi Isabel , Renninger Denise , Demetriou Yolanda , Reimers Anne Kerstin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractActive travel in everyday life offers the opportunity to increase physical activity (PA), supports young people in their development, and is more sustainable than motorized travel. The environmental awareness of young people can be influenced by parents and can lead them to choose mainly active travel modes. Since parents can have a strong impact on the behavioral patterns of adolescents, it is important to investigate how parental decisions are linked to children’s actions. The aim of the current study is to assess the relationship between parental environmental self-identity, referring to parents’ own attitudes towards their environmentally friendly behavior, and active travel behavior in adolescents as well as parents’ own travel behavior. The present research is based on the German ARRIVE (Active tRavel behavioR in the famIly enVironmEnt) study. The sample consists of 517 parent–adolescent dyads. Parents and adolescents completed an online questionnaire containing questions on their sociodemographic backgrounds and travel behavior to four different destinations, and the parents additionally answered questions on their environmental self-identity. To identify differences in environmental self-identity between sex/gender, residential setting, and education level, a one-way analysis of variance was conducted. Binary logistic regressions were used to investigate associations between parental environmental self-identity and parental travel mode as well as their adolescents’ travel mode. There were positive relationships between parental environmental self-identity and adolescents’ use of active travel modes for the way to leisure activities, to school, and to friends. Odds ratios (OR) for these associations indicated low effect sizes (OR = 1.240–1.616). Among parents, all associations revealed statistical significance with low (OR for friends/relatives = 1.728) to medium (OR to shopping = 2.028) effect sizes. Our results suggest that adolescents’ active travel routines seem to be related to parental attitudes.
Maintaining health in daily life—is active travel the solution?
Authors: Tittlbach Susanne , Brockfeld A. , Kindig S. , Herfet M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhysical inactivity is a global public health challenge. At the same time, the societal transformation toward a sustainable and active lifestyle can be observed. Active travel (AT) is one physical activity (PA) domain and combines healthy and sustainable daily behavior. However, it is still unclear whether assumed associations between AT and health are resilient for objective and subjective health outcomes. Since published research on AT has been growing during the last decade, this scoping review aimed to update and summarize the existing evidence. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library, following PRISMA guidelines. In all, 35 papers including 4,857,918 individuals (age range: 18–93 years old) were included. AT is strongly associated with health dimensions with a great body of knowledge showing strong associations between AT and reduced risks for noncommunicable diseases (NCD), especially in comparison to non-AT. Thus, AT can play an important role to prevent the increasing prevalence of NCD. There is a limited amount of research available on health-promoting factors and subjective health. Extracted studies suggest positive connections with AT. Mostly, cycling as a form of AT seems to have a more significant positive association with health compared to walking. Longitudinal studies further support and reinforce these findings.