bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transport and arrangement of the outer‐dynein‐arm docking complex in the flagella of Chlamydomonas mutants that lack outer dynein arms
Authors: Wakabayashi Ken‐ichi , Takada Saeko , Witman George B. , Kamiya Ritsu 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe outer dynein arms of Chlamydomonas flagella are attached to a precise site on the outer doublet microtubules and repeat at a regular interval of 24 nm. This binding is mediated by the outer dynein arm docking complex (ODA‐DC), which is composed of three protein subunits. In this study, antibodies against the 83‐ and 62‐kD subunits (DC83 and DC62) of the ODA‐DC were used to analyze its state of association with outer arm components within the cytoplasm, and its localization in the axonemes of oda mutants. Immunoprecipitation indicates that DC83 and DC62 are preassembled within the cytoplasm, but that they are not associated with outer arm dynein. Both proteins are lost or greatly diminished in oda1 and oda3, mutants in the structural genes of DC62 and DC83, respectively, demonstrating that their association is necessary for their stable presence in the cytoplasm. Immunoelectron microscopy indicates that DC83 repeats at 24‐nm intervals along the length of the doublet microtubules of oda6, which lacks outer arms; thus, outer arm periodicity may be determined by the ODA‐DC. Flagellar regeneration and temporary dikaryon experiments indicate that the ODA‐DC can be rapidly transported into the flagellum and assembled on the doublet microtubules independently of the outer arms and independently of flagellar growth. Unexpectedly, the intensity of ODA‐DC labeling decreased toward the distal ends of axonemes of oda6 but not wild‐type cells, suggesting that the outer arms reciprocally contribute to the assembly/stability of the ODA‐DC. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 48:277–286, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Colour‐imager characterization by parametric fitting of sensor responses
Authors: Thomson M. , Westland S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis study describes a novel method for characterizing the colorimetric and photometric properties of three‐channel color imaging devices. The method is designed to overcome some undocumented aspects of the imager‐characterization problem: The effective spectral sensitivity profiles of the imager's color channels depend on the level of radiant input energy, and these profiles must be known in order to determine the true intensity‐response characteristics of the three channels. By fitting the response distributions of the three color channels explicitly with low‐dimensional models, the method takes these dependencies into account, and may, therefore, offer several advantages over other imager‐characterization methodologies, particularly where illuminant‐independent characterization is required. An application of the technique is detailed, in which a CCD camera is characterized using only the Macbeth ColorChecker and a number of artificial illuminants. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, 442–449, 2001
Effects of thalidomide and 3‐phthalimido‐3‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐propanamide on bile duct obstruction‐induced cirrhosis in the rat
Authors: Fernández‐Martínez Eduardo , Morales‐Ríos Martha S. , Pérez‐Álvarez Víctor , Muriel Pablo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractTumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) plays a central role in cellular necrosis, apoptosis, organ failure, tissue damage, inflammation, and fibrosis. These processes, occurring in liver injury, may lead to cirrhosis. Thalidomide and its analogs have shown to be effective TNF‐α inhibitors. The aim of this work was to synthesize a thalidomide analog, the 3‐phthalimido‐3‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐propanamide (PDP) and to evaluate its hepatoprotective properties on bile duct obstruction‐induced cirrhosis. Synthesis, purification, and spectroscopic characterization of PDP were carried out. Thalidomide (200 mg/kg) or PDP (15 mg/kg) were administered to sham (Sh) or bile duct ligated (BDL) rats. The animals were sacrificed 28 days after treatments. Alkaline phosphatase (Alk. Phosph.), γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (γ‐GTP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activities, bilirubins, and TNF‐α concentrations were evaluated in plasma. Collagen was estimated by the liver hydroxyproline content and histopathology was performed. Both drugs showed partial amelioration of cirrhosis. However, the hepatoprotective effects of thalidomide were poor when compared to those afforded by PDP. While PDP improved the majority of the biochemical markers of liver injury and prevented partial but significantly collagen accumulation, thalidomide showed only modest beneficial effects on bilirubins and ALT. PDP was effective in preventing the increase in plasma TNF‐α levels, while thalidomide not only failed to inhibit TNF‐α, but increased it. Differences between thalidomide and PDP effectiveness may be due to their stability and different mechanism of action, as reported by others. Inhibition of proinflamatory cytokines is an interesting pharmacological aim to treat cirrhosis. Drug Dev. Res. 54:209–218, 2001. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative biodistribution of thin‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles TCION: Effect of different bisphosphonate coatings
Authors: Portet David , Denizot Benoît , Rump Elmar , Hindre François , Le Jeune Jean‐Jacques , Jallet Pierre 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBecause the nature of their coatings influences the biodistribution of nanocolloids, five different bisphosphonates bearing OH, NH2, NMe2, and N+Me3 groups were evaluated in vivo. 59Fe‐labeled iron cores were coated by the different molecules and tested by intravenous injection to healthy adult male Wistar rats. The initial phase was estimated with 59Fe‐ and 99mTc‐labeled nanoparticles biodistribution. The different coatings do not change hydrodynamic radius (∼12 nm) and relaxivities. The negative surface charge is half for particles coated with bisphosphonates bearing quaternary ammonium compared to those bearing a hydroxyl function. Nanoparticle vascular initial half disappearance time range between 25 and 39 min, with hepatic capture between 50 and 80% ID at 18 h. Bones and muscles fix globally around 35 % ID at 18 h, with high concentrations in the mineral bones. Hydroxy‐bisphosphonates and quaternary ammonium‐bisphosphonate‐coated nanoparticles are the most efficient for blood remanence, weak liver capture, and bone targeting. Drug Dev. Res. 54:173–181, 2001. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of caspases in neuronal apoptosis
Authors: Ventimiglia Roseann , Lau Lit‐Fui , Kinloch Ross A. , Hopkins Andrew , Karran Eric H. , Petalidis Lawrence P. , Ward Robin V. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractCaspases play a key role in the integration of specific cellular signaling events that ultimately result in apoptosis or “programmed cell death.” Apoptosis plays an important role during development and in normal cellular homeostasis. However, the inappropriate triggering of apoptotic pathways can have severe consequences that may contribute either directly or indirectly to a number of pathologies. Recognition of the key role of caspases in the apoptotic process has led a number of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to pursue the development of specific caspase inhibitors as therapeutic agents. However, no drug targeting this mechanism has yet been marketed. In this review we reflect on the role of caspases in a number of neuronal disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. We also review recent progress in the generation of caspase inhibitors and the challenges faced in their development as therapeutic agents for neurological indications. Drug Dev. Res. 52:515–533, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of p‐21‐activated kinases in cell survival and apoptotic pathways
Authors: Schürmann Annette , Bokoch Gary M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA balance between cell survival and cell death is necessary for multicellular organisms to maintain homeostasis. The family of p21‐activated kinases (PAKs 1, 2, and 3) are Rho GTPase‐regulated serine/threonine kinases implicated in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes. The aim of this review is to describe two mechanisms by which PAKs can influence cellular homeostasis. PAK2 is proteolytically cleaved and activated by caspases after stimulation of death receptors; this activation is implicated in the regulation of biochemical and morphological changes during apoptosis. PAK1 is activated by cell survival factors (for example, interleukin 3) and promotes survival via phosphorylation and inactivation of the pro‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 family member Bad. Drug Dev. Res. 52:542–548, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gastric surgery and restraint from food as triggering factors of eating disorders in morbid obesity
Authors: Guisado Juan A. , Vaz Francisco J. , López‐Ibor Juan J. , Inés López‐Ibor M. , del Río Julia , Rubio Miguel A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObese patients may share some clinical features with anorexia nervosa patients because they risk developing an eating disorder when they diet.Methods and ResultsSome common etiological, psychological, and social factors have been proposed for both disorders. We present two cases of patients suffering from morbid obesity who, after weight loss, presented an intense fear of regaining weight and developed anorexic‐like symptoms. In the first case, the symptoms appeared after gastric reduction surgery. In the second case, a strict diet was the triggering factor.DiscussionThis paper stresses the need for psychiatric evaluation of all patients with morbid obesity who seek treatment in clinical settings, in order to identify the factors that may lead to psychiatric complications. © 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 97–100, 2002.
Filter banks for less ringing artifacts
Authors: Asano Wataru , Takeuchi Tomoaki , Ikehara Masaaki 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn image compression using a filter bank, blocking can be reduced by overlapping the basis functions in the lapped orthogonal transform or the lapped biorthogonal transform, whereas ringing can be conspicuous. In this paper, two methods are proposed to suppress ringing while blocking is reduced. One of them uses an unequal length linear phase biorthogonal filter bank. This is an extension of the unequal length orthogonal transform to the biorthogonal type and a generalization of the filter length in the lapped biorthogonal transform. This filter bank can be realized with a lattice structure. By reducing the length of the high‐frequency filter on the synthesis side, ringing is compressed to the edge so that it is less visible. Another method introduces the peak‐to‐peak ratio into the performance criterion of the filter bank design. In this method, ringing can be suppressed by restricting the impulse response of the filter. By means of these methods, ringing can be reduced while coding performance is retained in comparison with the conventional equal length filter banks. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(6): 1–10, 2002
An Imanishism‐based genetic algorithm for sampling various Pareto‐optimal solutions: An application to the multiobjective resource division problem
Authors: Tagawa Kiyoharu , Wakabayashi Noboru , Haneda Hiromasa , Inoue Katsumi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor sampling various solutions from the entire Pareto front of the multiobjective resource division problem, a new Genetic Algorithm (GA) based on an evolutionary theory advocated by Kinji Imanishi is proposed. First, two types of distance between two individuals, namely, structural and functional distances, are introduced and used to define four types of relation between them, namely, homogeneous, heterogeneous, homologous, and analogous species. Then, for keeping a variety of species within a population as far as possible, a new generation alternation model with variable population size is presented. In order to find Pareto‐optimal solutions effectively, a new genetic operation that combines conventional harmonic crossover with a local optimization algorithm is also proposed. Finally, the advantage of the Imanishism‐based GA is demonstrated through computational experiments conducted on two‐ and three‐objective problem instances. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 139(2): 23–35, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eej.10010
Performance of several types of fuel cells and factor analysis of performance
Authors: Mugikura Yoshihiro , Asano Koichi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThere are four types of fuel cells: Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFC), Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC), Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC), and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC). The performance of these fuel cells has not been compared. Equations that are able to express the performance of these fuel cells accurately were derived or modified from the latest published performance data. The cell voltages of the four fuel cells were estimated by these equations, resulting in high‐temperature fuel cells such as MCFC and SOFC having higher energy conversion efficiencies than low‐temperature fuel cells such as PEFC and PAFC. This difference originates from low cathode polarization, overcoming both a decrease of open circuit voltage with increasing temperature and higher Nernst losses for high‐temperature fuel cells of approximately 85 mV than those for low‐temperature fuel cells due to steam generation in the anode chamber in the high‐temperature fuel cells. A generalized relationship between cell voltage and operating temperature was derived, stating that the cell voltage is almost constant between 500 °C and 1000 °C. A fuel cell which has protons as a migration species in the electrolyte and works between 250 °C and 500 °C would give a performance comparable with high‐temperature fuel cells due to lower Nernst losses than those for high‐temperature fuel cells. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 138(1): 24–33, 2002
An optimal design method for efficiency of permanent magnet motors
Authors: Hosokawa Yoshihiro , Noguchi So , Yamashita Hideo , Tanimoto Shigeya 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn optimal design of a permanent magnet (PM) motor, many design variables are required to consider some device properties. These variables are, for example, the shape of core and magnet, the tooth length, the number of turns, and the winding radius. Moreover, many restrictions must be considered in practical PM motor design. These restrictions are, for example, the slot space factor and the cogging torque. However, the optimization problem, which has many design variables by the finite element method (FEM), has not been reported. In this paper, the efficiency of PM motor under the considerations given above is optimized by using FEM and optimization algorithm. In this problem, an objective function has many local minima and it is difficult to calculate its gradient. For these reasons, the genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing method (SA), which are stochastic methods, are used for optimization method, because of the possibility of global range search and because gradient calculation is not required. Adding to both optimization methods, in this paper, SA combined with GA is used for one of the optimization methods. It is found that the solutions optimized by these methods are reasonable from an engineering point of view. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 138(3): 72–79, 2002
Mirror‐phase characteristics of synchronous reluctance motor and salient‐pole orientation methods for sensorless vector controls
Authors: Shinnaka Shinji 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a mathematical model of the synchronous reluctance motor in a new form is established, followed by a new analysis of stator linkage flux of the motor, which characterizes the motor and plays an essential role in developing new rotor salient‐pole orientation methods for sensorless vector controls. Finally in a unified manner based on the inherent characteristics of the flux, six new potential salient‐pole orientation methods are developed and proposed. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 139(2): 61–71, 2002;DOI 10.1002/eej.1153
Functional analysis of MLH1 mutations linked to hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer
Authors: Nyström‐Lahti Minna , Perrera Claudia , Räschle Markus , Panyushkina‐Seiler Elena , Marra Giancarlo , Curci Anna , Quaresima Barbara , Costanzo Francesco , D'Urso Michele , Venuta Salvatore , Jiricny Josef 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) is associated with malfunction of postreplicative mismatch repair (MMR). While a majority of HNPCC‐associated mutations in the MMR genes MLH1, MSH2, or MSH6 genes cause truncations—and thus loss of function—of the respective polypeptides, little is currently known about the biochemical defects associated with nontruncating mutations. We studied the interactions of six MLH1 variants, carrying either missense mutations or in‐frame deletions, with normal PMS2 and tested the functionality of these heterodimers of MLH1 and PMS2 (MutLα) in an in vitro MMR assay. Three MLH1 carboxy‐terminal mutations, consisting of internal deletions of exon 16 (amino acids 578–632) or exon 17 (amino acids 633–663), or a missense R659P mutation in exon 17, affected the formation of a functional MutLα. Interestingly, mutations C77R and I107R in the amino‐terminal part of MLH1 did not affect its heterodimerization with PMS2. The complexes MLH1(C77R)/PMS2 and MLH1(I107R)/PMS2, however, failed to complement a MMR‐deficient extract lacking a functional MutLα. As all these five mutations were identified in typical HNPCC families and produce nonfunctional proteins, they can be considered disease‐causing. In contrast, the third amino‐terminal mutation S93G did not affect the heterodimerization, and the MLH1(S93G)/PMS2 variant was functional in the in vitro MMR assay, given thus the nature of the HNPCC family in question. Although the missense mutation segregates with the disease, the mean age of onset in the family is unusually high (∼65 years). © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parathyroid cytology: Avoiding diagnostic pitfalls
Authors: Absher Kimberly J. , Truong Luan D. , Khurana Kamal K. , Ramzy Ibrahim 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundInterpretation of parathyroid fine‐needle aspirates (FNA) remains problematic not only because this type of specimen is rare but also because the pertinent literature is very limited. We systematically reviewed parathyroid FNAs in our files and sought to delineate additional diagnostic criteria.DesignReview of all thyroid and parathyroid aspirates from January 1990 to June 1998 disclosed 12 parathyroid lesions. The final diagnoses included four parathyroid adenomas, one intrathyroidal hyperplastic parathyroid, one intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma, one atypical parathyroid adenoma (all confirmed by histologic screening or immunocytochemistry), and five parathyroid cysts (all confirmed by immunoassay). Papanicolaou and Diff Quik–stained smears of the parathyroid FNAs were reviewed. The cytologic features were compared and contrasted with those of thyroid FNAs to establish criteria for differential diagnoses.ResultsThe FNAs of the five parathyroid cysts yielded virtually acellular fluid with a characteristic water‐clear appearance and markedly elevated levels of parathyroid hormone. The remaining seven aspirates consisted of moderately cellular smears that showed an admixture of architectural features. Common patterns included cohesive three‐dimensional groups, disorganized sheets, papillary fragments, microfollicles, and a single case showing lymphoidlike smears. Although the cells were generally small and round to oval, all cases demonstrated mild to moderate anisokaryosis. The nuclei were hyperchromatic Ewith coarsely granular chromatin reminiscent of that of small lymphocytes. Occasional nucleoli were noted. Although the cytoplasm was usually pale blue and finely granular with ill‐defined borders, two cases showed well‐delineated cytoplasmic membranes. Less common findings included cytoplasmic granulation, vacuolization, and rare oxyphilic cells. Naked nuclei were noted in the background of all of the aspirates to varying degrees. Other background findings included the presence of colloidlike material, macrophages, and lymphocytes. One interesting finding that to date has not been reported is the presence of nuclear overlapping (100%) and nuclear molding (71%), which is an uncommon finding in thyroid aspirates.ConclusionsFNAs of the parathyroid can be easily confused with that of the thyroid, not only because of the clinical similarity between these two types of lesions but also because of the overlap in cytomorphologic features of the aspirated cells. Although no one single cytomorphologic feature is diagnostic, a combination of cytologic parameters noted earlier should raise the possibility of a parathyroid lesion. Aspirates of parathyroid cysts show acellular water‐clear fluid with elevated parathyroid hormone measurements. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Functional status after primary surgical therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue
Authors: Friedlander Paul , Caruana Salvatore , Singh Bhuvanesh , Shaha Ashok , Kraus Dennis , Harrison Louis , McKiernan Janet , Solan Jill , Polyak Tatyana , Shah Jatin P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIntroductionQuality‐of‐life analysis is essential in determining the eventual outcome after treatment for head and neck cancer. This is particularly important when functional sequelae of treatment cause significant morbidity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functional status of a group of patients who had undergone primary surgical therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue.MethodsAt our institution from 1979 to 1993, we identified 93 patients who had undergone resection of the base of the tongue as primary treatment for squamous cell carcinoma. Patients who required laryngectomy were excluded from this group. Forty‐eight survivors were identified, and the questionnaires included the Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer Patients (PSS) and the Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS). The data were reported numerically, with 0 representing the worst score and 100 representing the best score.ResultsTwenty‐six patients completed the questionnaires. There were 19 men and 7 women. Their mean survival time was 8.6 years. Two patients had their primary tumors staged as T1, 17 patients had T2, and 7 patients had T3 disease. When evaluating the normalcy of diet, the mean score for the whole group was 73.1 (range, 20–100), the mean score for understandability of speech was 80.8 (range, 50–100), and the mean score for eating in public was 79.8 (range, 0–00). The mean KPS was 90 (range, 60–100). When comparing early (T1 and T2) with advanced (T3) disease, there were no significant differences in PSS and KPS. When comparing younger (<50 years) with older (>50 years) patients, there were no significant differences in PSS scores. Younger patients had a significantly higher KPS than older patients: mean, 97.5 vs 86.4 (p < .02).ConclusionsThe long‐term functional status for these patients who had undergone resection of a significant portion of the base of their tongue was good. The outcome did not seem to be related to either the stage of the lesion or the age of the patient. More studies are needed to examine the functional outcome of this patient population. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.