bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR-129-5p as a biomarker for pathology and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Han Sang-Won , Pyun Jung-Min , Bice Paula J , Bennett David A. , Saykin Andrew J. , Kim SangYun , Park Young Ho , Nho Kwangsik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

BackgroundAlzheimer's dementia (AD) pathogenesis involves complex mechanisms, including microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation. Integrative network and machine learning analysis of miRNA can provide insights into AD pathology and prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers.MethodsWe performed co-expression network analysis to identify network modules associated with AD, its neuropathology markers, and cognition using brain tissue miRNA profiles from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project (ROS/MAP) (N = 702) as a discovery dataset. We performed association analysis of hub miRNAs with AD, its neuropathology markers, and cognition. After selecting target genes of the hub miRNAs, we performed association analysis of the hub miRNAs with their target genes and then performed pathway-based enrichment analysis. For replication, we performed a consensus miRNA co-expression network analysis using the ROS/MAP dataset and an independent dataset (N = 16) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Furthermore, we performed a machine learning approach to assess the performance of hub miRNAs for AD classification.ResultsNetwork analysis identified a glucose metabolism pathway-enriched module (M3) as significantly associated with AD and cognition. Five hub miRNAs (miR-129-5p, miR-433, miR-1260, miR-200a, and miR-221) of M3 had significant associations with AD clinical and/or pathologic traits, with miR129-5p by far the strongest across all phenotypes. Gene-set enrichment analysis of target genes associated with their corresponding hub miRNAs identified significantly enriched biological pathways including ErbB, AMPK, MAPK, and mTOR signaling pathways. Consensus network analysis identified two AD-associated consensus network modules, and two hub miRNAs (miR-129-5p and miR-221). Machine learning analysis showed that the AD classification performance (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.807) of age, sex, andapoEε4 carrier status was significantly improved by 6.3% with inclusion of five AD-associated hub miRNAs.ConclusionsIntegrative network and machine learning analysis identified miRNA signatures, especially miR-129-5p, as associated with AD, its neuropathology markers, and cognition, enhancing our understanding of AD pathogenesis and leading to better performance of AD classification as potential diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers.
Exploring the Chemical Reactivity andBioactivity of Romidepsin: A CDFT-BasedComputational Peptidology Study
Authors: Flores-Holguín Norma , Frau Juan , Glossman-Mitnik Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Romidepsin is a cyclic peptide derived from a natural product that has shown remarkable therapeutic potential for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. In this study, we employ a CDFT-based Computational Peptidology methodology to investigate the chemical reactivity and bioactivity properties of Romidepsin. Our approach combines conceptual density functional theory descriptors with cheminformatics tools to estimate the bioactivity scores, and identify the drug-likeness of Romidepsin. Our results provide insights into the potential of Romidepsin as a useful drug candidate for various therapeutic applications beyond cancer treatment.
Evaluating the Transformative Impact of Online Education on Medical Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Alshammari Hessah , Shaheen Sameerah , Alyahya Khaleel , Mahmoud Shimaa , Al-Rabiah Amal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic forced educational institutions worldwide to shift to online learning as a means of continuing education during lockdowns and social distancing measures. This study investigates the effectiveness of online learning in comparison to traditional on-campus learning, specifically within the context of medical education. Two hundred and three first- and second-year medical students at King Saud University participated in the study. The research employed written exams to evaluate learning outcomes, with a focus on understanding the lecture content. The findings reveal that while online learning initially showed similar learning outcomes to on-campus learning, it resulted in significantly lower outcomes as the lecture progressed. Moreover, a smaller percentage of online students demonstrated a full understanding of the lecture material compared to on-campus students. This study emphasizes the importance of assessing the effectiveness of online learning methods, particularly in medical education, to address students' needs better and improve the quality of online learning systems.
Chemoradiation treatment with or without Concurrent Tumor-Treating Fields (TTFields) in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma (GBM) in China
Authors: Liang Liping , Chen Lingchao , Ni Chunxia , Shi Wenyin , Zhou Zhirui , Chen Shu , Zhu Wenjia , Liu Jiabing , Qiu Xianxin , Lin Wanzun , Zhang Junyan , Qin Zhiyong , Wang Yang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background:The TTFields have received the FDA approval as adjuvant therapy after completing radiotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). TTFields and radiotherapy may have synergistic anti-glioma effect based on preclinical study. This study evaluated clinical outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed GBM received concurrent and adjuvant TTFields with chemoradiation or adjuvant TTFields only based on a cohort of patients treated at Huashan Hospital, China.
Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients with newly diagnosed GBM (ndGBM) received TTFields treatment at a single institution from 2020-2021. TTFields treatment was either given adjuvant after chemoradiation alone or concurrent and adjuvant with chemoradiation treatment. Treatment outcome and toxicities were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated with Kaplan- Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards regression model, data matched by propensity score, and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on propensity score were used to evaluate the effect of TTFields and account for confounding factors.
Results: A total of 72 patients with ndGBM were included in the study; 41 received concurrent and adjuvant TTFields in combination with chemoradiotherapy (concurrent and adjuvant TTFields group, CA-TTF), and 31 received adjuvant TTFields with temozolomide (adjuvant TTFields group, A-TTF). The two groups were well balanced in age, sex, extent of resection, MGMT methylation status, KPS, as well as compliance and duration of TTFields usage. With a median follow up of 17.95 months, there was no significant difference in PFS between CA-TTF and A-TTF groups (14.2 and 15.0 months, respectively, HR: 0.97, p=0.92); or the median OS (20.8 and 20.0 months, respectively, HR: 0.97, p=0.92). After IPTW, there remained no significant differences in PFS or OS. In the STR/biopsy subgroup, the CA-TTF group showed an improving trend in terms of both OS and PFS compared to the A-TTF group, but due to small sample size it is not conclusive.
Conclusions: In this pilot study, no survival difference was detected in ndGBM patients between CA-TTF and A-TTF groups. However, CA-TTF group may have worse prognosis than A-TTF group due to the inclusion of early progression patients. The benefit of concurrent TTF with chemoradiation is currently being tested in a phase 3 trial.
Distinct patterns of postoperative fever in paediatric neurosurgery patients
Authors: Goyal-Honavar Abhijit , Markose Annsmol P , Gupta Ankush , Manesh Abi , Varghese George M. , Rose Winsley , Jonathan Gandham Edmond , Prabhu Krishna , Chacko Ari G. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Postoperative fever is a common problem following neurosurgery but data on the causes among paediatric patients is sparse. In this report, we determined the incidence, causes and outcomes of postoperative fever in paediatric neurosurgical patients (<18 years), and contrasted the findings with an adult cohort published recently from our unit.
Methods: We recruited 61 patients operated for non-traumatic neurosurgical indications over 12 months. A standard protocol was followed for the evaluation and management of postoperative fever, collecting data regarding operative details, daily maximal temperature, clinical features, and use of surgical drains, urinary catheters, and other adjuncts. Elevated body temperature of >99.9°F or 37.7°C for >48 hours or associated with clinical deterioration or localising features was considered as “fever”; elevated temperature not meeting these criteria were classified as transient elevation in temperature (TET).
Results: Twenty-five patients (34.2%) had postoperative fever, more frequent than in adult patients. TET occurred in 12 patients (16.4%). The most common causes of fever were aseptic meningitis (36%), followed by urinary tract infections (16%), pyogenic meningitis, COVID-19 and wound infections. Postoperative fever was associated with significantly longer duration of hospital admission and was the commonest cause of readmission.
Conclusion: In contrast to adults, early temperature elevations in paediatric patients may portend infectious and serious non-infectious causes of fever, including delayed presentation with aseptic meningitis, a novel association among paediatric patients. Investigation guided by clinical assessment and conservative antibiotic policy in keeping with the institutional microbiological profile provide the most appropriate strategy in managing paediatric postoperative fever.
Teaching students to collaborate – insights from interprofessional education development
Authors: Mette Mira , Hinrichs Jutta 
Published: November 2023

Since (interdisciplinary) collaboration skills are considered essential to thrive in an unpredictable and uncertain future, higher education is demanded to train students to develop collaboration fluency. However, there are no clear guidelines for effective collaboration skills trainings. Thus, different ideas and reflections on theoretically underpinned pedagogical designs, assessment approaches and the alternating role of teachers (experts vs facilitators) are given and – where possible – illustrated with our experience in developing and implementing interprofessional education. Implications for teachers and higher education institutions are derived.
Protective Effects of Alpha-lipoic Acid, Resveratrol, and Apigenin Against
Oxidative Damages, Histopathological Changes, and Mortality Induced by
Lung Irradiation in Rats
Authors: Seyedpour Nasrin , Motevaseli Elahe , Taeb Shahram , Nowrouzi Azin , Mirzaei Fatemeh , Bahri Mina , Dehghan-Manshadi Hamid Reza , Zhaleh Mohsen , Rashidi Khodabakhsh , Azmoonfar Rasool , Yahyapour Rasoul , Najafi Masoud 
Published: November 2023

Aim:
This study investigated the protective effects of three antioxidants on radiationinduced lung injury.

Background:
Oxidative stress is one of the key outcomes of radiotherapy in normal tissues. It can
induce severe injuries in lung tissue, which may lead to pneumonitis and fibrosis. Recently, interest in natural chemicals as possible radioprotectors has increased due to their reduced toxicity,
cheaper price, and other advantages.

Objective:
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the radioprotective effect of Alpha-lipoic
Acid (LA), Resveratrol (RVT), and Apigenin (APG) against histopathological changes and oxidative damage and survival induced by ionizing radiation (IR) in the lung tissues of rats.

Methods:
First, the lung tissue of 50 mature male Wistar rats underwent an 18 Gy gamma irradiation. Next, the rats were sacrificed and transverse sections were obtained from the lung tissues and
stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) and Mason trichrome (MTC) for histopathological
evaluation. Then, the activity of Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and
Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by an ELISA reader at 340, 405, and 550 nm.

Results:
Based on the results of this study, IR led to a remarkable increase in morphological
changes in the lung. However, APG, RVT, and LA could ameliorate the deleterious effects of IR
in lung tissue. IR causes an increase in GPX level, and APG+IR administration causes a decrease
in the level of GPX compared to the control group. Also, the results of this study showed that
RVT has significant effects in reducing MDA levels in the short term. In addition, compared to the
control group, IR and RVT+IR decrease the activity of SOD in the long term in the lung tissues of
rats. Also, the analysis of results showed that weight changes in IR, LA+IR, APG+IR, and control
groups were statistically significant.

Conclusion:
APG and RVT could prevent tissue damage induced by radiation effects in rat lung
tissues. Hence, APG, LA, and RVT could provide a novel preventive action with their potential
antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties, as well as their great safety characteristic.
Comparative Study between the use of Ultrasonic Criteria of Weaning versus the Conventional Criteria of Weaning in Post-traumatic Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients who were Ventilated for a long Time
Authors: Allam Mohamed Gaber Ibrahim Mostafa 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
Failure to wean and re-ventilation is a major problem in the intensive care unit (ICU). Thirty percent of ventilated patients experience weaning failure and are re-ventilated, especially patients who are ventilated for long durations. Ultrasound provides reliable data on lung parenchyma inflammation resolution and diaphragmatic contraction power, thereby assisting in deciding if the patient should be weaned and consequently reducing the percentage of weaning failure.

Aim of the Work:
To compare the ultrasonic criteria for weaning with the conventional criteria of weaning in patients with post-traumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who were ventilated for a long time and assess their effect on the ICU stay duration.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective, double-blind study performed on 200 participants who were weaned from the ventilator after being ventilated for > 1 week due to respiratory failure. Respiratory failure in the patients was either due to severe lung contusion or post-traumatic ARDS. The patients were randomly and equally allocated in two groups of 100 patients each. Groups A and B comprised patients who were weaned from the ventilator using the conventional and ultrasound weaning criteria, respectively. All patients weaned from both groups were followed up for 6 days for signs of weaning failure and post-extubation respiratory failure. The number of patients who were re-ventilated and discharged from the ICU was recorded and compared in both groups.

Results:
Group A had a significantly higher number of patients who experienced deterioration in consciousness, tachypnea, desaturation, tachycardia, and hypertension in addition to showing chest X-ray infiltration and being re-ventilated than group B. Moreover, group A patients had a significantly longer ICU duration than group B patients.

Conclusion:
The use of the ultrasonic criteria for weaning reduces re-intubation, re-ventilation, and post-extubation respiratory failure. Additionally, its use also decreases the ICU stay in patients with post-traumatic ARDS who were ventilated for a long time.
Effect of the New Italian Legislative Measures on the Eye Lens Protection of Radioexposed Workers
Authors: Ferrari Cristiana , Paolino Agostino , Vischetti Andrea , Spina Alessia , Magrini Andrea , Coppeta Luca 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
Legislative Decree no. 101, published on 31 July 2020 in the Italian Official Gazette, the official journal of the Italian Government, sets out the provisions of Directive 2013/59/Euratom, which establishes the basic safety rules for protection against the risks arising from occupational exposure to ionizing radiation.

Methods:
The main purpose of the legislator was to improve the safety of workers exposed to radiation, updating the previous laws adopted by the Italian government 25 years earlier. Many strategies have been attempted in the past to increase the level of protection of these categories of workers. Still, it is too early to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed measures.

Results:
Medical professionals play a leading role among other figures involved in the field of occupational radiation protection. To achieve a reliable and detailed evaluation of the risk assessment, which in Italy must be reported in a specific mandatory report called the “Risk Assessment Document”, the legislator has assigned differentiated but coordinated tasks to all the actors involved with different responsibilities in radiation protection.

Conclusion:
The drastic reduction of the dose limits for the crystalline lens is a tool for more effective protection of workers against exposure to ionizing radiation.
Reasons for Crown Failures in Primary Teeth: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lampl Stephan , Gurunathan Deepa , Krithikadatta Jogikalmat , Mehta Deepak , Moodley Desigar 
Published: November 2023

Background
There is a tendency nowadays to restore large defects in primary dentition with pediatric crowns instead of conventional restorations. Thus, understanding the factors contributing to the survival or failure of dental crowns in pediatric dentistry is essential for optimizing treatment outcomes.

Objective
The primary objective of this protocol is to outline the methodological approach for analyzing data from observational studies and randomized controlled trials to investigate reasons for the failure of dental crowns in primary teeth and to compute their survival and failure rates.

Methods
A comprehensive literature review will be performed in electronic databases, including PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science. As per predefined inclusion criteria, we will include observational studies (prospective clinical studies) and randomized clinical trials that have an English abstract and involve children aged 1-10 years undergoing crown restorations. Two independent reviewers will independently screen all retrieved records and full-text articles and extract data. The study’s methodological quality will be appraised using suitable tools. Assessments of publication bias will be performed using funnel plots. The findings will be described qualitatively for the systematic review. If possible, a meta-analysis will be performed to estimate failure rates by dividing the number of failures by the total exposure time. A Poisson regression model, assuming constant event rates, will be used to compute 3-year and 5-year survival proportions. The Pearson goodness-of-fit statistics will be used to assess the heterogeneity of the model. A P value <.05 will be considered significant. All analyses will be performed using R Statistical software (version 4.1.2; R Core Team).

Results
This systematic review and synthesis aim to assess the survival and failure rates of dental crowns in pediatric dentistry. By following this rigorous methodology, we seek to provide valuable insights into the factors contributing to the success or failure of these restorations. The results of our full review will have implications for pediatric dentists, researchers, and policy makers, helping to improve dental care for children.

Conclusions
This systematic review protocol helps in establishing a thorough approach for reviewing failures in pediatric crowns. By following this methodology, standardization and transparency of the process as well as accountability for the stated methods and outcomes will be ensured. The findings of this review and analysis will provide useful data on the survival of crowns to pediatric dentists and researchers.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42023442266; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=442266

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/51505
Subsystem Structures, Shifting Mandates and Policy Capacity: Assessing Canada’s Ability to Adapt to Climate Change
Authors: Craft Jonathan , Howlett Michael 
Published: November 2023

Adapting to climate change requires governments
to design and implement policies capable of dealing with
long-term problems. This poses significant policy design and
implementation challenges since policies must also be multilevel
and multi-sectoral in nature given the cross-sectoral
and international character of climate change issues. Responsive
policy-making on climate change issues thus requires
both sophisticated policy analysis as well as an institutional
structure which allows problems to be dealt with in
a way which corresponds with changing organizational mandates,
resources and network structures. Designing such
policies requires matching policy analytical resources in
relevant government departments and agencies with new
and expanded mandates, a process which is not always necessarily
successful. This introductory article presents the
framework utilized in a collaborative study of climate change
adaptation capacity in four Canadian policy sectors (agriculture,
finance, infrastructure, and transportation) and one US
case (the energy sector in Colorado). The study framework
and subsequent analysis examine policy from a three-level
perspective including (1) the macro nature of the subsystem
involved, (2) the meso level of the organization or leadagency
in charge of the issue and (3) the micro level nature
of policy work being undertaken in each sector.
Shifting Mandates and Climate Change Policy Capacity: The Forestry Case
Authors: Rayner Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

The original hypothesis is that forests will be a
policy subsector in which the challenges of climate change
adaptation lead to broader policy mandates but that the
declining role of the industry in the Canadian economy will
cause departmental resources to be stable or decreasing. The
result will be ineffective policy capacity, leading to adaptation
policies that are poorly designed, incomplete or missing
altogether. This paper provides some evidence to support
this hypothesis, though the situation is complicated by the
dominant role played by the provinces in both ownership
and jurisdiction. While the leading federal department,
Natural Resources Canada, has shed other mandates to focus
on climate change, provincial agencies are already caught
between the added costs of addressing climate change impacts,
notably wildfire, and the need to plan for and implement
long term adaptive policies with stable or declining
resources. Much will depend on coordination between First
Nations, the provinces and the federal government in a
policy subsector with a history of conflict between the different
orders of government.