bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Line-of-sight structure of troughs identified in Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Year 3 weak lensing mass maps
Authors: Shimasue Takumi , Osato Ken , Oguri Masamune , Shimakawa Rhythm , Nishizawa Atsushi J 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We perform the weak lensing mass mapping analysis to identify troughs, which are defined as local minima in the mass map. Since weak lensing probes the projected matter distribution along the line of sight, these troughs can be produced by single or multiple voids projected along the line of sight. To scrutinize the origins of the weak lensing troughs, we systematically investigate the line-of-sight structure of troughs selected from the latest Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Year 3 weak lensing data covering $433.48 \, \mathrm{deg}^2$. From a curved sky mass map constructed with the HSC data, we identify 15 troughs with the signal-to-noise ratio higher than 5.7 and address their line-of-sight density structure utilizing redshift distributions of two galaxy samples, photometric luminous red galaxies observed by HSC and spectroscopic galaxies detected by Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. While most weak lensing signals due to the troughs are explained by multiple voids aligned along the line of sight, we find that two of the 15 troughs potentially originate from single voids at redshift ∼0.3. The single void interpretation appears to be consistent with our three-dimensional mass mapping analysis. We argue that single voids can indeed reproduce observed weak lensing signals at the troughs if these voids are not spherical but are highly elongated along the line-of-sight direction.
The maximum mass of a black hole which can tidally disrupt a star: measuring black hole spins with tidal disruption events
Authors: Mummery Andrew 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The tidal acceleration experienced by an object at the event horizon of a black hole decreases as one over the square of the black hole’s mass. As such there is a maximum mass at which a black hole can tidally disrupt an object outside of its event horizon and potentially produce observable emission. This maximum mass is known as the ‘Hills mass’, and in full general relativity is a function of both the black hole’s spin a• and the inclination angle of the incoming object’s orbit with respect to the black hole’s spin axis ψ. In this paper, we demonstrate that the Hills mass can be represented by a simple analytical function of a• and ψ, the first general solution of this problem. This general solution is found by utilizing the symmetries of a class of critical Kerr metric orbits known as the innermost bound spherical orbits. Interestingly, at fixed black hole spin the maximum Hills mass can lie at incoming orbital inclinations outside of the black hole’s equatorial plane ψ ≠ π/2. When compared to previous results in the literature this effect can lead to an increase in the maximum Hills mass (at fixed spin) by as much as a factor of $\sqrt{11/5} \simeq 1.48$ for a maximally rotating black hole. We then demonstrate how Bayesian inference, coupled with an estimate of the mass of a black hole in a tidal disruption event, can be used to place conservative constraints on that black hole’s spin. We provide a publicly available code tidalspin which computes these spin distributions.
The nature of very-faint X-ray binaries: near-infrared spectroscopy of 1RXH J173523.7−354013 reveals a giant companion
Authors: Shaw A W , Degenaar N , Maccarone T J , Heinke C O , Wijnands R , van den Eijnden J 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Very-faint X-ray binaries (VFXBs) are a subclass of black holes and neutron stars in binaries that appear to be accreting at a very low rate. In addition to providing interesting constraints on poorly understood forms of accretion, elucidating the nature of VFXBs is particularly interesting for binary evolution and population modelling. Through near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, we here investigate the nature of the bursting neutron star and VFXB 1RXH J173523.7−354013 (J1735), which persistently accretes at an X-ray luminosity of LX ∼ 1034–1035 ergs−1. Our analysis shows that the NIR emission is dominated by that of the companion star, which we find to be a late G or early K-type giant, making this the second neutron star identified as a VFXB found to have a giant companion. We discuss how several of the system properties are difficult to reconcile with a wind-fed symbiotic X-ray binary. We therefore also propose an alternative scenario wherein J1735 is a wide binary system (supported by the discovery of a 7.5 d modulation in the NIR light curves) with a quiescent luminosity of LX ∼ 1034–1035 ergs−1, in which the donor star is overflowing its Roche lobe. This raises the possibility that J1735 may, every century or more, exhibit very long and very bright outbursts during which it reaches accretion rates around the Eddington limit like the neutron star Z sources.
The two-point correlation function covariance with fewer mocks
Authors: Trusov Svyatoslav , Zarrouk Pauline , Cole Shaun , Norberg Peder , Zhao Cheng , Aguilar Jessica Nicole , Ahlen Steven , Brooks David , de la Macorra Axel , Doel Peter , Font-Ribera Andreu , Honscheid Klaus , Kisner Theodore , Landriau Martin , Magneville Christophe , Miquel Ramon , Nie Jundan , Poppett Claire , Schubnell Michael , Tarlé Gregory , Zhou Zhimin 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We present fitcov an approach for accurate estimation of the covariance of two-point correlation functions that requires fewer mocks than the standard mock-based covariance. This can be achieved by dividing a set of mocks into jackknife regions and fitting the correction term first introduced in Mohammad & Percival (2022), such that the mean of the jackknife covariances corresponds to the one from the mocks. This extends the model beyond the shot-noise limited regime, allowing it to be used for denser samples of galaxies. We test the performance of our fitted jackknife approach, both in terms of accuracy and precision, using lognormal mocks with varying densities and approximate EZmocks mimicking the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument LRG and ELG samples in the redshift range of z = [0.8, 1.1]. We find that the Mohammad–Percival correction produces a bias in the two-point correlation function covariance matrix that grows with number density and that our fitted jackknife approach does not. We also study the effect of the covariance on the uncertainty of cosmological parameters by performing a full-shape analysis. We demonstrate that our fitted jackknife approach based on 25 mocks can recover unbiased and as precise cosmological parameters as the ones obtained from a covariance matrix based on 1000 or 1500 mocks, while the Mohammad–Percival correction produces uncertainties that are twice as large. The number of mocks required to obtain an accurate estimation of the covariance for the two-point correlation function is therefore reduced by a factor of 40–60. The fitcov code that accompanies this paper is available at this GitHub repository.
Effects of Combustible Cigarettes and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems on the Development and Progression of Chronic Lung Inflammation in Mice
Authors: Kastratovic Nikolina , Markovic Vladimir , Harrell Carl Randall , Arsenijevic Aleksandar , Stojanovic Milica Dimitrijevic , Djonov Valentin , Volarevic Vladislav 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Although detrimental effects of combustible cigarettes (CCs) on the progression of lung inflammatory diseases are well known, changes in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)-exposed lung-infiltrated immune cells are still unrevealed.

Aims and Methods
The analysis of blood gas parameters, descriptive and quantitative histology of lung tissues, determination of serum cytokines, intracellular staining, and flow cytometry analysis of lung-infiltrated immune cells were used to determine the differences in the extent of lung injury and inflammation between mice from experimental (CC and ENDS-exposed animals) and control groups (Air-exposed mice).

Results
Continuous exposition to either CCs or ENDS induced severe systemic inflammatory response, increased activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in neutrophils and macrophages and enhanced dendritic cell-dependent activation of Th1 and Th17 cells in the lungs. ENDS induced less severe immune response than CCs. Serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were significantly lower in the samples of ENDS-exposed mice. Compared to CCs, ENDS recruited lower number of circulating leukocytes in injured lungs and had less capacity to induce CD14/TLR2-dependent activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in lung-infiltrated neutrophils and macrophages. ENDS-primed dendritic cells had reduced capacity for the generation of Th1 and Th17 cell-driven lung inflammation. Accordingly, extensive immune cell-driven lung injury resulted in severe respiratory dysfunction in CCs-exposed mice, while ENDS caused moderate respiratory dysfunction in experimental animals.

Conclusions
Continuous exposition to either CCs or ENDS induced immune cell-driven lung damage in mice. ENDS triggered immune response, which was less potent than inflammatory response elicited by CCs and, therefore, caused less severe lung injury and inflammation.

Implications
This is the first study that compared the effects of CCs and ENDS on lung-infiltrated immune cells. Although both CCs and ENDS elicited systemic inflammatory response, immune cell-driven lung injury and inflammation were less severe in ENDS-exposed than in CC-exposed animals. Continuous exposition to ENDS-sourced aerosols was less harmful for respiratory function of experimental animals than CC-derived smoke.
Occupational injuries in workers of a Spanish bank
Authors: Reinoso-Barbero L , Pardillos L , Romero-Paredes M-C , Díaz-Garrido R , Mendiguren J-M , Gieco A , Gómez-Gallego F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
In 2017, 69 108 work-related traffic injuries with medical leave were documented, constituting 12% of all occupational injuries (OI) in Spain.

Aims
The aim of this study was to describe OI within a Spanish bank company during 2017.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the company’s mandatory OI records, presenting data in both absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies. The chi-square test was employed for comparisons.

Results
Among the company’s 10 399 employees, 176 OI cases were recorded. Most were minor musculoskeletal incidents, with one severe myocardial infarction and one mild anxiety episode. Lower limb injuries were the most prevalent. Injuries of the trunk (P &lt; 0.001), neck (P &lt; 0.05), and upper limbs (P &lt; 0.001) were linked to workplace factors. Approximately 62% of OI occurred outside the workplace and resulted in more extended medical leave (P &lt; 0.01). Traffic-related injuries accounted for 39% of OI cases and caused 49% of days lost due to OI (P &lt; 0.001).
Female gender (P &lt; 0.001) and age over 40 years (P &lt; 0.05) were significantly associated with OI.

Conclusions
In our study, musculoskeletal injuries were the most common, with a single cardiovascular event being the most severe. OI occurring outside the workplace was more frequent and led to longer medical leaves. Notably, traffic-related injuries were especially significant, exceeding official statistics 4-fold.
What can We Know about Unanswerable Questions?
Authors: Raleigh Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I present two arguments that aim to establish logical limits on what we can know. More specifically, I argue for two results concerning what we can know about questions that we cannot answer. I also discuss a line of thought, found in the writings of Pierce and of Rescher, in support of the idea that we cannot identify specific scientific questions that will never be answered.
The legal foundation of responsible research assessment: An overview on European Union and Italy
Authors: Peruginelli Ginevra , Pölönen Janne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the past decade, responsible research assessment (RRA) has become a major science policy goal to advance responsible research and innovation and open science. Starting with the DORA declaration in 2012, common understanding of the needs and demands of RRA has been shaped by a growing number of initiatives, culminating in a European Commission supported Agreement on reforming research assessment published in July 2022. In this paper, we outline and investigate the normative framework for RRA, ranging from binding legal norms (hard law), rules of conduct which, in principle, have no legally binding force but which nevertheless may have practical effects’ (soft law) to self-regulation in supranational (the European Union) and one national (Italy) context. As shown by our analysis of hard and soft legal sources for RRA, apart from constitutional and legal provisions regarding freedom of research, autonomy of universities and non-discrimination and gender equality, the legal foundation for RRA rests mainly on soft law and policy norms. In the discussion we relate the normative framework for RRA to research integrity guidelines and consider the challenges of ensuring coherent RRA implementation across countries and research funding and performing institutions. We conclude that self-regulation and soft law are good starting points and may pave the way for hard law down the line: this can be seen as the optimum mix of regulatory mechanisms to mainstream RRAs.
Spontaneous Brain Activity Alterations in First-Episode Psychosis: A Meta-analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies
Authors: Cattarinussi Giulia , Grimaldi David Antonio , Sambataro Fabio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Several studies have shown that spontaneous brain activity, including the total and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (LFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), is altered in psychosis. Nonetheless, neuroimaging results show a high heterogeneity. For this reason, we gathered the extant literature on spontaneous brain activity in first-episode psychosis (FEP), where the effects of long-term treatment and chronic disease are minimal.

Study Design
A systematic research was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify studies exploring spontaneous brain activity and local connectivity in FEP estimated using functional magnetic resonance imaging. 20 LFF and 15 ReHo studies were included. Coordinate-Based Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analyses stratified by brain measures, age (adolescent vs adult), and drug-naïve status were performed to identify spatially-convergent alterations in spontaneous brain activity in FEP.

Study Results
We found a significant increase in LFF in FEP compared to healthy controls (HC) in the right striatum and in ReHo in the left striatum. When pooling together all studies on LFF and ReHo, spontaneous brain activity was increased in the bilateral striatum and superior and middle frontal gyri and decreased in the right precentral gyrus and the right inferior frontal gyrus compared to HC. These results were also replicated in the adult and drug-naïve samples.

Conclusions
Abnormalities in the frontostriatal circuit are present in early psychosis independently of treatment status. Our findings support the view that altered frontostriatal can represent a core neural alteration of the disorder and could be a target of treatment.
Toll‐interacting protein inhibits transforming growth factor beta signaling in mouse lung fibroblasts
Authors: Chow Yu‐Hua , López‐Martínez Cecilia , Liles W. Conrad , Altemeier William A. , Gharib Sina A. , Hung Chi F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVariations in the Toll‐interacting protein (TOLLIP) gene have been identified in genome‐wide association studies to correlate with risk of disease, mortality, and response to N‐acetylcysteine therapy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Although TOLLIP is known to modulate innate immune responses, its relevance in organ fibrogenesis remains unknown. Prior work in the literature suggests TOLLIP dampens transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling in human cell lines. In this study, we examined the role of TOLLIP in mouse lung fibroblast (MLF) responses to TGFβ and in the bleomycin model of experimental lung fibrosis using Tollip−/− mice. We hypothesize that if TOLLIP negatively regulates TGFβ signaling, then Tollip−/− mouse lung fibroblasts (MLFs) would have enhanced response to TGFβ treatment, and Tollip−/− mice would develop increased fibrosis following bleomycin challenge. Primary MLFs were stimulated with TGFβ (1 ng/mL) for 24 h. RNA was obtained to assess global transcriptional responses by RNA‐seq and markers of myofibroblast transition by qPCR. Functional assessment of TGFβ‐stimulated MLFs included cell migration by scratch assay, cell proliferation, and matrix invasion through Matrigel. In the in vivo model of lung fibrosis, Tollip−/− mice and wild‐type (WT) littermates were administered bleomycin intratracheally and assessed for fibrosis. We further examined TGFβ signaling in vivo after bleomycin injury by SMAD2, ERK1/2, and TGFβR1 Western blot. In response to TGFβ treatment, both WT and Tollip−/− MLFs exhibited global transcriptional changes consistent with myofibroblast differentiation. However, Tollip−/− MLFs showed greater number of differentially expressed genes compared to WT MLFs and greater upregulation of Acta2 by qPCR. Functionally, Tollip−/− MLFs also exhibited increased migration and Matrigel invasiveness compared to WT. We found evidence of enhanced TGFβ signaling in Tollip−/− through SMAD2 in vitro and in vivo. Tollip−/− mice experienced lower survival using a standard weight‐adjusted dosing without evidence of differences in fibrosis at Day 21. With adjustment of dosing for sex, no differences were observed in fibrosis at Day 21. However, Tollip−/− mice had greater weight loss and increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid total protein during early resolution at Day 14 compared to WT without evidence of differences in acute lung injury at Day 7, suggesting impaired resolution of lung injury.
20-year Radiographic Outcomes Following Single Level Cervical Disc Arthroplasty
Authors: Foley David P. , Sasso Willa R. , Ye Jason Y. , Vinayek Sheetal , Smucker Joseph D. , McCarthy Michael H. , Boody Barrett S. , Sasso Rick C. 
Published: November 2023

Study Design.
Prospective randomized controlled trial.

Objective.
Compare range of motion (ROM) and adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) following cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) at 20-year follow-up.

Summary of Background Data.
ACDF is the standard of treatment for single-level cervical disc degeneration causing radiculopathy. CDA is claimed to reduce shear strain and adjacent-level ROM changes hypothesized to hasten ASD with ACDF.

Methods.
This study collected data on 47 patients randomized to ACDF or CDA. Lateral cervical spine radiographs were evaluated preoperatively, postoperatively, and at 20-years for alignment, ROM, ASD, and heterotopic ossification.

Results.
Eighty-two percent (18/22) of CDA patients and 84% (21/25) of ACDF patients followed up at 20 years. At 20 years, total cervical (C2-C7) ROM was statistically different between the CDA and fusion groups (47.8° vs. 33.4°, P=0.005). Total cervical ROM was not significantly different between preoperative and 20-year periods following CDA (45.6° vs. 47.4°, P=0.772) or ACDF (40.6° vs. 33.0°, P=0.192). Differences in postoperative and 20-year index-level ROM following CDA were not significant (10.1° vs. 10.2°, P=0.952). Final ASD grading was statistically lower following CDA versus ACDF at both adjacent levels (P<0.005). Twenty-year adjacent level ossification development was increased following ACDF versus CDA (P<0.001). Polyethylene mean thickness decreased from 9.4 mm immediately postoperatively to 9.1 mm at 20-year follow up (P=0.013). Differences in adjacent level ROM from preoperative to 20-year follow-up in both the ACDF and CDA groups did not meet statistical significance (P>0.05).

Conclusions.
CDA maintains index-level and total cervical ROM at very long-term follow-up. Total cervical ROM was higher at 20 years in CDA relative to ACDF. CDA results in lower rates of adjacent segment degeneration and adjacent level ossification development than ACDF.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Situ Achieves Tumor Clearance in More Mohs Stages Than Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Yesul , Khan Amaal H. , Papachristou Charalampos , Decker Ashley , Lawrence Naomi 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND
Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS) has more subclinical lateral extension than invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCC).

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether it takes a greater number of Mohs stages for clearance of SCCIS compared with SCC and whether the difference in final defect size and clinical size is larger in SCCIS than SCC.

METHODS
All Mohs micrographic surgery cases of SCCIS and SCC performed between January 2011 and December 2021 were identified. Number of Mohs stages were recorded and difference in final defect size and initial clinical size were calculated for SCCIS and SCC.

RESULTS
4,363 cases were included, 1,066 SCCIS and 3,297 invasive SCC. The initial clinical size, final defect size, and the size difference were similar between SCCIS and SCC groups. However, SCCIS underwent more Mohs stages to achieve tumor clearance than invasive SCCs (1.5 ± 0.7 vs 1.4 ± 0.7 respectively, p < .001). In fact, 71% of SCCs were cleared after 1 Mohs stage compared with 61.1% of SCCIS.

CONCLUSION
These findings support that SCCIS has more subclinical lateral extension and therefore is appropriate for Mohs surgery.
Clinical Guidance for Dosing and Monitoring Oral Antihormonal Drugs in Patients with Breast Cancer After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Kingma Jurjen S. , Peeters Niels W.L. , Knibbe Catherijne A.J. , Agterof Mariette J. , Derksen Wouter J.M. , Burgers Desirée M.T. , van den Broek Marcel P.H. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of cancers, such as breast cancer. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a common surgical intervention used to induce weight loss, reduce comorbidities, and improve overall survival. Due to alterations in the gastrointestinal tract, RYGB is associated with changes in oral drug disposition, which can affect treatment outcomes. Oral antihormonal agents were monitored in 9 patients who previously underwent RYGB. The results of therapeutic drug monitoring and estradiol concentrations were analyzed, and a review of the relevant literature was performed. As only 1 of the 6 patients prescribed tamoxifen achieved a therapeutic endoxifen concentration with the standard dose of 20 mg/d, a higher starting dose of 40 mg/d was recommended to increase the probability of attaining a therapeutic plasma concentration. All patients with decreased CYP2D6 metabolic activity could not achieve therapeutic plasma concentrations; therefore, CYP2D6 genotyping was recommended before the initiation of tamoxifen therapy to identify patients who should be switched to aromatase inhibitors. Anastrozole and letrozole exposure in patients who underwent RYGB patients appeared sufficient, with no dose adjustment required. However, until more data become available, monitoring aromatase inhibitor efficacy is recommended. Monitoring the drug concentrations is a viable option; however, only indicative data on therapeutic drug monitoring are available. Therefore, estradiol concentrations should be measured.