bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between METS-IR, an indirect index for insulin resistance, and lung cancer risk
Authors: Wang Guoqing , Zhu Zhaopeng , Wang Yi , Zhang Qiang , Sun Yungang , Pang Guanlian , Ge Wenjing , Ma Zhimin , Ma Huimin , Gong Linnan , Ma Hongxia , Shao Feng , Zhu Meng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Insulin resistance has been reported to increase the risk of breast, prostate and colorectal cancer. However, the role of insulin resistance and its interaction with genetic risk in the development of lung cancer remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association between a novel metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) and lung cancer risk.

Methods
A total of 395 304 participants without previous cancer at baseline were included. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was performed to investigate the association between METS-IR and lung cancer risk. In addition, a Mendelian randomization analysis was also performed to explore the causal relationship. The joint effects and additive interactions between METS-IR and polygenetic risk score (PRS) of lung cancer were also investigated.

Results
During a median follow-up of 11.03 years (Inter-quartile range (IQR): 10.30–11.73), a total of 3161 incident lung cancer cases were diagnosed in 395 304 participants. There was a significant association between METS-IR and lung cancer risk, with an HR of 1.28 (95% CI: 1.17–1.41). Based on the Mendelian randomization analysis, however, no causal associations were observed. We observed a joint effect but no interaction between METS-IR and genetic risk. The lung cancer incidence was estimated to be 100.42 (95% CI: 91.45–109.38) per 100 000 person-year for participants with a high METS-IR and PRS, while only 42.76 (95% CI: 36.94–48.59) with low METS-IR and PRS.

Conclusions
High METS-IR was significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. Keeping a low level of METS-IR might help reduce the long-term incident risk of lung cancer.
FlyBase: updates to the Drosophila genes and genomes database
Authors: Öztürk-Çolak Arzu , Marygold Steven J , Antonazzo Giulia , Attrill Helen , Goutte-Gattat Damien , Jenkins Victoria K , Matthews Beverley B , Millburn Gillian , dos Santos Gilberto , Tabone Christopher J ,   FlyBase Consortium, Perrimon Norbert , Gelbart Susan Russo , Broll Kris , Crosby Madeline , dos Santos Gilberto , Falls Kathleen , Gramates L Sian , Jenkins Victoria K , Longden Ian , Matthews Beverley B , Seme Jolene , Tabone Christopher J , Zhou Pinglei , Zytkovicz Mark , Brown Nick , Antonazzo Giulia , Attrill Helen , Goutte-Gattat Damien , Larkin Aoife , Marygold Steven , McLachlan Alex , Millburn Gillian , Pilgrim Clare , Öztürk-Çolak Arzu , Kaufman Thomas , Calvi Brian , Campbell Seth , Goodman Josh , Strelets Victor , Thurmond Jim , Cripps Richard , Lovato TyAnna 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
FlyBase (flybase.org) is a model organism database and knowledge base about Drosophila melanogaster, commonly known as the fruit fly. Researchers from around the world rely on the genetic, genomic, and functional information available in FlyBase, as well as its tools to view and interrogate these data. In this article, we describe the latest developments and updates to FlyBase. These include the introduction of single-cell RNA sequencing data, improved content and display of functional information, updated orthology pipelines, new chemical reports, and enhancements to our outreach resources.
Effects of parental age and polymer composition on short tandem repeat de novo mutation rates
Authors: Goldberg Michael E , Noyes Michelle D , Eichler Evan E , Quinlan Aaron R , Harris Kelley 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Short tandem repeats (STRs) are hotspots of genomic variability in the human germline because of their high mutation rates, which have long been attributed largely to polymerase slippage during DNA replication. This model suggests that STR mutation rates should scale linearly with a father's age, as progenitor cells continually divide after puberty. In contrast, it suggests that STR mutation rates should not scale with a mother's age at her child's conception, since oocytes spend a mother's reproductive years arrested in meiosis II and undergo a fixed number of cell divisions that are independent of the age at ovulation. Yet, mirroring recent findings, we find that STR mutation rates covary with paternal and maternal age, implying that some STR mutations are caused by DNA damage in quiescent cells rather than polymerase slippage in replicating progenitor cells. These results echo the recent finding that DNA damage in oocytes is a significant source of de novo single nucleotide variants and corroborate evidence of STR expansion in postmitotic cells. However, we find that the maternal age effect is not confined to known hotspots of oocyte mutagenesis, nor are postzygotic mutations likely to contribute significantly. STR nucleotide composition demonstrates divergent effects on de novo mutation (DNM) rates between sexes. Unlike the paternal lineage, maternally derived DNMs at A/T STRs display a significantly greater association with maternal age than DNMs at G/C-containing STRs. These observations may suggest the mechanism and developmental timing of certain STR mutations and contradict prior attribution of replication slippage as the primary mechanism of STR mutagenesis.
Assessing the Nepalese health system’s readiness to manage gender-based violence and deliver psychosocial counselling
Authors: Deuba Keshab , Shrestha Rachana , Koju Reena , Jha Vijay Kumar , Lamichhane Achyut , Mehra Devika , Ekström Anna Mia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractViolence against women (VAW), particularly intimate partner violence (IPV) or domestic violence, is a major public health issue, garnering more attention globally post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown. Health providers often represent the first point of contact for IPV victims. Thus, health systems and health providers must be equipped to address survivors’ physical, sexual and mental health care needs. However, there is a notable lack of evidence regarding such readiness in Nepal. This study, utilizing a concurrent triangulation design, evaluated the readiness of public health facilities in Nepal’s Madhesh Province in managing VAW, focusing on providers’ motivation to offer psychosocial counselling to survivors. A cross-sectional study was conducted across 11 hospitals and 17 primary health care centres, where 46 health care providers were interviewed in February–April 2022. The study employed the World Health Organization’s tools for policy readiness and the Physician Readiness to Manage IPV Survey for data collection. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected via face-to-face interviews and analysed using descriptive and content analysis, respectively. Only around 28% of health facilities had trained their staff in the management of VAW. Two out of 11 hospitals had a psychiatrist, and a psychosocial counsellor was available in four hospitals and two out of 17 primary health care centres. Two-thirds of all health facilities had designated rooms for physical examinations, but only a minority had separate rooms for counselling. Though a few health facilities had guidelines for violence management, the implementation of these guidelines and the referral networks were notably weak. Hospitals with one-stop crisis management centres demonstrated readiness in VAW management. Health providers acknowledged the burden of IPV or domestic violence and expressed motivation to deliver psychosocial counselling, but many had limited knowledge. This barrier can only be resolved through appropriate training and investment in violence management skills at all tiers of the health system.
Ion Transport Basis of Diarrhea, Paneth Cell Metaplasia, and Upregulation of Mechanosensory Pathway in Anti-CD40 Colitis Mice
Authors: Jayawardena Dulari , Anbazhagan Arivarasu N , Majumder Apurba , Akram Ramsha , Nazmi Ali , Kaur Ramandeep , Kumar Anoop , Saksena Seema , Olivares-Villagómez Danyvid , Dudeja Pradeep K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Anti-Cluster of differentiation (CD)-40-induced colitis, driven by innate inflammatory responses in the intestine, is a potent animal model exhibiting IBD pathophysiology including diarrhea. However, the ion transport basis of diarrhea and some key mucosal pathways (Paneth cells, stem cell niche, and mechanosensory) in this model have not been investigated.

Methods
Mucosal scrapings and intestinal tissue from control and CD40 antibody (150 µg) treated Rag2−/− mice were examined for gut inflammation, Paneth cell numbers, expression of key transporters, tight/adherens junction proteins, stem cell niche, and mechanosensory pathway via hematoxylin and eosin staining, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting.

Results
Compared with control, anti-CD40 antibody treatment resulted in a significant loss of body weight (P &lt; .05) and diarrhea at day 3 postinjection. Distal colonic tissues of anti-CD40 mice exhibited increased inflammatory infiltrates, higher claudin-2 expression, and appearance of Paneth cell–like structures indicative of Paneth cell metaplasia. Significantly reduced expression (P &lt; .005) of downregulated in adenoma (key Cl- transporter), P-glycoprotein/multidrug resistantance-1 (MDR1, xenobiotic transporter), and adherens junction protein E-cadherin (~2-fold P &lt; .05) was also observed in the colon of anti-CD40 colitis mice. Interestingly, there were also marked alterations in the stem cell markers and upregulation of the mechanosensory YAP-TAZ pathway, suggesting the activation of alternate regeneration pathway post-tissue injury in this model.

Conclusion
Our data demonstrate that the anti-CD40 colitis model shows key features of IBD observed in the human disease, hence making it a suitable model to investigate the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis (UC).
The knowledge, attitude, and practice of the public regarding household pharmaceutical waste disposal: a systematic review (2013–2023)
Authors: Hiew Sheng Yuan , Low Bee Yean 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
The improper disposal of household pharmaceutical waste (HPW) is an emerging cause of environmental pollution. Behavioural practices are intricately linked to individuals’ knowledge levels and attitudes. Thus, this systematic review aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of HPW disposal among the public and to examine the interconnectedness of these KAP components.

Methods
A literature review for articles published from 2013 to 2023 was carried out in scientific databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, identifying quantitative studies involving the assessment of KAP of the public concerning HPW disposal.

Results
This review incorporated 12 studies conducted in Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Nine studies highlighted a consistent trend of limited to inadequate knowledge regarding safe medication disposal. Notwithstanding, respondents largely exhibited a positive attitude towards proper medication disposal. This encouraging disposition, unfortunately, stands in stark contrast to the reported practices, which appeared to be inadequate. This dissonance might be due to a deficit in accessible disposal facilities and information, compounded with insufficient guidance from healthcare professionals. Interestingly, the majority expressed support for take-back programs aimed at managing unused and expired medications.

Conclusion
This review identified a need for a comprehensive understanding of the interconnected dynamics among KAP components regarding safe medication disposal. The exploration of theoretical behavioural frameworks could help predict public intentions to adopt safe medication disposal practices. Ultimately, a multi-faceted approach that addresses knowledge gaps, reinforces positive attitudes, and promotes accessible safe medication disposal services can collectively safeguard the environment and public health.
The slow viscous flow around a general rectangular doubly-periodic arrays of infinite slender cylinders
Authors: Koens Lyndon , Vernekar Rohan , Krüger Timm , Lisicki Maciej , Inglis David W 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The slow viscous flow through a doubly-periodic array of cylinders does not have an analytical solution. However, as a reduced model for the flow within fibrous porous media and microfluidic arrays, this solution is important for many real-world systems. We asymptotically determine the flow around a general rectangular doubly-periodic array of infinite slender cylinders, extending the existing asymptotic solution for square arrays. The flow in the cell is represented by a collection of doubly-periodic, rapidly-convergent two-dimensional singularity solutions, and the boundary condition on the surface of the cylinder is solved asymptotically in powers of the cylinder radius. The asymptotic solution provides an easily computed closed-form estimate for the flow and forces as a function of the radius and the dimensions of the cell. The force is compared to results from lattice-Boltzmann simulations of low-Reynolds-number flows in the same geometry, and the accuracy of the no-slip condition on the surface of the cylinder, predicted by the asymptotic theory, is assessed. Finally, the behaviour of the flow, flux, force and effective permeability of the cell is investigated as a function of the geometric parameters. The structure of the asymptotic permeability is consistent with previous single-geometry predictions but provides a closed-form estimate for how the aspect ratio of the cell changes the leading-order behaviour. These models could be used to help understand the flows within porous systems composed of fibres and systems involving periodic arrays such as systems based on deterministic lateral displacement .
Norm critique and the dialectics of Hegelian recognition
Authors: Iversen Simon Nørgaard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article examines the relevance of Hegel’s theory of recognition within educational theory and practice in relation to the development of a non-affirmative theory of education. The article argues that Hegel’s theory of recognition can serve as a fruitful starting point for articulating an educational theory that can contribute to the subject’s open-ended formation in modern society. To start with, the article surveys the connection between Hegel’s educational thought and his concept of recognition. Against this backdrop, the article singles out how Hegel’s theory of recognition provides a compelling theory of intersubjectivity that calls attention to the role of norms in personal development and the construction of the social world. In continuation of a non-affirmative principle, it is argued that Hegelian recognition underlines, first, that the subject’s formation can fruitfully be an open-ended and dynamic process and, second, that in order to underpin this process it is necessary to critically assess norms and norm-generating practices within an educational context.
Rationale and Precautioning Clauses: Insights from A’ingae
Authors: Dąbkowski Maksymilian , AnderBois Scott 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We describe and analyze the semantics of rationale and precautioning clauses (i.e. in order to- and lest-clauses) through a detailed case study of two operators in A’ingae (or Cofán, iso 639-3: con, an Amazonian isolate): the infinitive -ye ‘inf’ and the apprehensional -sa’ne ‘appr.’
We provide a new account of rationale semantics and the first formal account of precautioning semantics. We propose that in structures such as [$p$ [(in order) to$q$]] or [$p$ [$q$-ye]], the rationale operator (underlined) encodes modal semantics where the goal worlds of the actor responsible for $p$ achieve $q$.
In structures such as [$p$ [lest$q$]] or [$p$ [$q$-sa’ne]], the precautioning operator encodes modal semantics where the actor’s goal worlds avoid a recoverable situation $r$ which entails $q$ ($r\Rightarrow q$).
We observe and account for three apparent asymmetries within the domain of rationale and precautioning semantics, which we dub precautioning semantics asymmetry, rationale polarity asymmetry, and precautioning encoding asymmetry. We thus elucidate the relation between rationale and precautioning clauses and make substantial predictions with respect to the cross-linguistic inventories of rationale and precautioning operators.
Quelques in French: a Clustered Plural
Authors: Gréa Philippe 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present the result of a corpus study on the difference between quelques ‘a few’ and plusieurs ‘several’. On this basis, we propose a categorization of the nouns significantly attracted by quelques and argue for an understanding of the distinction in topological terms ( Grimm, 2012a, 2012b; Wągiel, 2018, 2019). A series of observations, focusing successively on the aggregate nouns (pomme de terre ‘potato’), a sub-class of ‘fence’ nouns (gribouillis ‘scrawl’) and the mass plurals (victuailles ‘victuals’) leads us to argue that quelques Npl ‘a few Npl’ is a ‘clustered’ plural, which is true of a (more or less) cohesive set of connected entities, while plusieurs ‘several’ quantifies over sets of maximally strongly self-connected (mssc) entities. We will show that this principle can also be generalized to the temporal domain. We shall see that this distinction between the two determiners has numerous consequences on atomicity, the mass-count distinction, the possibility of counting individuals, and especially, on the existence of an individuation scale in the nominal domain.
Primary prostate lymphoma: a rare presentation of lower urinary tract symptoms in young aged patient
Authors: Alhamadani Mohammed Ali , Pecherkin Aleksandr , Doyle Terrence 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Primary prostatic lymphoma is a rare prostate malignancy that accounts for 0.09% of prostate cancer and 0.1% of lymphoma. Clinical misdiagnosis is common as majority of cases present with non-specific urinary symptoms like other prostatic diseases or prostatic cancer. Early diagnosis is of significant paramount as prognosis is dependent on histological type and tumour staging at the time of diagnosis. Urologists should remain aware of rare histological types of prostate cancer as delayed diagnosis of primary prostate lymphoma can be detrimental and lead to advanced disease causing serious sequelae i.e renal failure in addition to the primary pathology.
Torsion of Meckel’s diverticulum—a case report and literature review
Authors: Ho Kah A , Srinivasan Rajkumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Meckel’s diverticulum (MD) is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. Torsion is a rare complication of MD with only 48 cases described in the English literature to date. We describe a case of a 22-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with lower abdominal pain. Pre-operative computed tomography scan suggested a torted MD. This was confirmed on diagnostic laparoscopy and managed with segmental resection of the MD and a concurrent appendicectomy. Histopathology confirmed torsion of MD and a normal appendix. The patient recovered well without any complications. Torsion occurs invariably with giant MD defined as a length of &gt;5 cm. Surgical options for MD include diverticulectomy, wedge resection and segmental resection via laparoscopic or open approach. The rate of pre-operative diagnosis remains low but with advances in imaging and awareness of this condition, this is likely to increase with time.
Yesterday and the Day Before in Semitic
Authors: Rubin Aaron D 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In addition to reflexes of Proto-Semitic*timāli, the Semitic languages use a variety of innovative words meaning ‘yesterday’, as well as numerous different words and phrases used to mean ‘the day before yesterday’ and sometimes even earlier days. This article examines these various adverbs or adverbial phrases in the diverse Semitic languages, both ancient and modern, coming from a variety of semantic developments, some of which are typologically unusual.
Treadmill Exercise Testing
Authors: Thomas Gregory S. , Wann L. Samuel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Developed over a century ago, exercise testing remains a powerful tool in the detection of cardiac disease. Its current chief role is to evaluate for myocardial ischemia with and without adjunctive imaging. Thoroughly updated and referenced, the chapter reviews the underlying foundation of exercise testing and provides tips and tricks to make the most of exercise testing. These include which leads best predict CAD during exercise testing, how to use lead aVR to detect severe CAD, and why ST depression in the inferior leads is unreliable in the detection of ischemia. A rule of thumb to estimate METs achieved on the Bruce protocol by adding 1 to the number of minutes of exercise is discussed. An updated formula to estimate maximum predicted heart rate is reviewed, as is the rationale for achieving maximum exercise with at least 85% of maximum predicted heart rate or an ischemic endpoint.
SPECT MPI for Risk Assessment in Special Groups
Authors: Cuocolo Alberto , Zampella Emilia , Gaudieri Valeria , Assante Roberta 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Risk assessment in patients with suspected CAD is an important step to identify those at high risk of disease who require a specified diagnostic and therapeutic approach to prevent adverse events at follow-up. At present many cardiac prediction models are available for risk assessment in order to guide lifestyle modification and treatment decisions and to estimate future population trends in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Yet, most CAD risk prediction tools do not account for the high event rates in some populations, such as diabetic individuals or kidney and liver transplantation candidates. Gated SPECT MPI provides important prognostic information on LV function and on the extent and severity of myocardial perfusion abnormalities, including stress-induced ischemia. MPI has an important diagnostic and prognostic rule in specific patient populations, including subjects with asymptomatic CAD, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and kidney or liver disease, which are indicated as CAD equivalent populations. This chapter focuses on the role of SPECT MPI in risk assessment of specific populations at higher risk of cardiac events.
Nuclear Cardiology Report Generation
Authors: AlJaroudi Wael A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Stress SPECT MPI remains one of the most commonly ordered noninvasive imaging modalities. Yet, significant diversity in report format, content, and language exists. In part, this is due to the variation in style and heterogeneity of lexicon used by providers across many specialties (cardiology, nuclear medicine, and radiology); the complexity of data elements and not uncommonly discordant results; and resistance to change. While such flexibility allows for more subjectivity in reporting, it also causes confusion and increases the risk of medico-legal litigation. Report standardization offers a structured way to list all the important and required data elements; creates an infrastructure for consistent expression; improves communication among providers; and establishes a format to audit quality metrics and ensure best practice for patient management. The aim of this chapter is to offer a practical approach to a nuclear stress SPECT MPI report that embodies the main concepts and framework set forth by the professional guidelines and societies. A good report must follow a standard template containing key headlines and elements and must be consistently clear, concise, and clinically relevant. It should answer the question raised by the requesting physician. The reader must pay careful attention to the terminology used in the report, while avoiding pragmatic interpretations that add confusion to the mix and may lead to unwanted downstream testing. The chapter highlights common pitfalls and suggests alternatives to inaccurate or confusing language. The chapter concludes with a future perspective in the era of digitization, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.