bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a Simple Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System with Gas Dynamic in Afterburner and Connecting Pipes
Authors: Chan S. H. , Ho H. K. , Ding O. L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA simple solid oxide fuel cell plant is analysed based on the first law of thermodynamics approach. This system consists of a solid oxide fuel cell stack, a steam reformer, a mixer, a vaporiser, an afterburner, and two pre‐heaters. To simplify the study, the enthalpy at each node of the system is normalized with the lower heating value of the inlet fuel. A gas dynamic model for calculating the flow in the pipes connecting the system components is considered and can be used to estimate the flow velocity and friction‐induced pressure drop in the piping. Though the effect of a friction‐induced pressure drop can be significant in a sizeable integrated solid oxide fuel cell‐gas turbine power plant, it does not significantly affect the plant efficiency in this study, due to rather short piping used in this simple power system. A steady flow energy equation and the Rayleigh line flow assumption are applied to the afterburner to calculate the exit flow temperature, velocity and pressure.
Studies with condensed amino‐thiophenes: Further investigation of reactivity of amino‐thieno‐coumarines and amino‐thieno‐benzo[h]coumarines toward electron‐poor olefins and acetylenes
Authors: Abdelkhalik Mervat M. , Negm Abdalla M. , Elkhouly Ayatt I. , Elnagdi Mohammed H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe reaction of 3‐amino‐5‐oxa‐2‐thia‐cyclopenta[a]naphthalene‐4‐one 2b with substituted acetylenes afforded C‐1 alkylation products. On the other hand, reaction of 17‐amino‐15‐methyl‐11‐oxa‐16‐thiacyclopenta[a]phenanthrene‐12‐one 5 with substituted acetylenes and electron‐poor olefins afforded the condensed thienopyridine derivatives 7 and 11a–c. The reaction of 5 with acrylonitrile and with 4‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione afforded compounds 13 and 21 with loss of H2S via the expected [4 + 2] cycloaddition sequence. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:502–507, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20047
The reaction of triphenylarsine oxide with ethyl iodo‐acetate leading to triphenyl (carboethoxy)methylarsonium triiodide
Authors: Abalonin Boris E. , Nizamov Il'yas S. , Krivolapov Dmitry B. , Nizamov Il'nar D. , Khaibullin Ravil N. , Al'metkina Lyubov A. , Batyeva Elvira S. , Litvinov Igor A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNew data are presented for some processes accompaning “retro‐Arbuzov” reaction of tertiary arsine oxides with halogen‐containing reagents. Triphenyl (carboethoxy)methylarsonium triiodide 10a was obtained in the reaction of triphenylarsine oxide 1a with excess of ethyl iodoacetate 2a. The structure of 10a was established by X‐ray single crystal diffraction. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:482–485, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20050
Synthesis, spectral, and antimicrobial studies of 1‐butyl‐3‐substituted‐4‐(2‐aryl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐2‐azetidinones
Authors: Pathak Vijai N. , Gupta Ragini , Garg Meenu 
Published: November 2004

AbstractKetene generated from acetyl chloride or chloroacetyl chloride adds on indolyl Schiff's base double bond to afford 1‐butyl‐3‐substituted‐4‐(2‐aryl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐2‐azetidinones in THF. The reaction proceeds stereospecifically via concerted trans [2+2] cycloaddition. The synthesized compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses and spectral data (IR, PMR, and mass). All synthesized compounds have been evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities, and 4g to 4l have shown promising results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:494–501, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20052
Synthesis of β‐monosubstituted α,β‐unsaturated amides with Z‐selectivity using diphenylphosphonoacetamides
Authors: Kojima Satoshi , Hidaka Tsugihiko , Ohba Yuko 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe utility of diphenylphosphonoacetamides [(PhO)2P(O)CH2CONRR′] as Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reagents was examined with five different patterns of substitution upon the amide nitrogen atom (2a: R, R′ = CH2Ph; 2b: R = CH2Ph, R′ = H; 2c: R = Me, R′ = OMe; 2d: R, R′ = Ph; 2e: R, R′ = (CH2)4). The reaction of 2a was found to be Z‐selective for aromatic aldehydes with selectivities up to 95:5. Reagent 2b led to reasonable selectivity for both benzaldehyde (85:15) and 3‐phenylpropionaldehyde (87:13), while 2c was somewhat effective for only the latter alkyl aldehyde (83:17). Compounds 2d and 2e exhibited slightly lower selectivities compared with 2a. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:515–523, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20054
Catechol–bisphosphonate conjugates: New types of chelators for metal intoxication therapy
Authors: Ding Huasheng , Xu Guangyu , Wang Junbo , Zhang Yunlong , Wu Xihan , Xie Yuyuan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThree new types of bisphosphonates conjugated with catechol were synthesized to explore their possibilities for the treatment of metal intoxication. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:549–555, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20056
Synthesis and characterization of trialkyltin esters of pyridinecarboxylic acids and crystal structure of [nBu3SnO2CC5H4N‐2]∞
Authors: Yin Han Dong , Wang Qi Bao , Xing Qiu Ju 
Published: November 2004

AbstractReactions of trialkyltin oxides with 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐pyridinecarboxylic acids in 1:1 stoichiometry yield 10 corressponding trialkyltin esters R3SnO2CC5H4N. All compounds are characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 113C, and 119Sn NMR. The crystal structure of tributyltin ester of 2‐pyridinecarboxylic acid is determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. In this compound, the tin atom is rendered five‐coordinate in a trigonal bipyramidal structure by coordinating with 2‐pyridinecarboxylate group. The resulting structure is a linear polymer containing SnO bonds (0.2278(5) and 0.2308(6) nm). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:524–529, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20057
Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel 1‐(2′‐alkyl(or phenyl)thioethoxy)methyl‐5‐fluorouracils and their oxidation products
Authors: Liu Xue‐Jun , Chen Ru‐Yu , Bai Dong‐Lu 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA series of novel 1‐(2′‐alkyl(or phenyl)thioethoxy)methyl‐5‐fluorouracils (6) were synthesized in three steps from 5‐fluorouracil. They were oxidized into sulfoxide (7) and sulfone (8) derivatives by NaIO4 and H2O2 30%/DEAD (diethyl azodicarboxylate), respectively, in high yields. In order to obtain structural information, sulfoxide 7g was characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The preliminary bioassay indicated that the compounds 6a and 7g exhibit potential antitumor activity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:543–548, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20059
TIMP1 and SERPIN‐A overexpression and TFF3 and CRABP1 underexpression as biomarkers for papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Hawthorn Lesleyann , Stein Leighton , Varma Ram , Wiseman Samuel , Loree Thom , Tan DongFeng 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackground.No molecular pathways or specific genes are consistently associated with sporadic cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), despite that it is the most common thyroid malignancy. Nodular goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid that is a compensatory response to a perturbation in normal thyroid homeostasis. It has been disputed in the literature that patients presenting with goiter have a higher incidence of PTC. The identification of molecular events that are common to both goiter and PTC could explain the overlap of these two disorders.Methods.We used high‐density oligonuleotide arrays to perform molecular profiling of PTC and nodular goiter with paired normal samples.Results.Specifically, increased expression of SERPIN‐A (proteinase inhibitor‐alpha antitrypsin) and TIMP 1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1) identified these as candidate molecular biomarkers for PTC. Decreases in the CRABP1 (cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1) and TFF3 (trefoil factor 3) expression levels identified these as candidate molecular biomarkers as well. The same analysis was performed to identify genes showing specific alterations in goiter tissues.Conclusions.This is the first report to our knowledge that compares the gene expression profiles of PTC and goiter. Our results suggest that PTC and goiter share very limited overlap in transcript expression. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 1069–1083, 2004
Use of modified Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire in patients with postirradiation neck disability: Validation study
Authors: Yeung Polina L. C. , Chiu Thomas T. W. , Leung Arran S. L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackground.No available measure exists for postirradiation neck disability. Adoption of the Chinese Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) for patients with postirradiation neck disability was examined in this study.Methods.Eight physiotherapists and five patients were invited to test the validity of the content. Forty‐three patients with neck disability were recruited to evaluate test–retest reliability and internal consistency. The level of neck discomfort, range of neck motion and maximal isometric neck muscle strength, and SF‐36 health score were measured for construct validity testing.Results.The questionnaire had good content validity, a high degree of test–retest reliability, internal consistency (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.94; Cronbach's alpha, 0.88), and good construct validity. NPQ correlated significantly with most of the subscores of SF‐36 (rs, −0.43 to − 0.71) and numeric rating scale (rs = 0.69).Conclusion.The modified Chinese NPQ was found to be reliable and valid for the evaluation of postirradiation neck disability. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 1031–1037, 2004
Expression and significance of cancer testis antigens in primary mucosal melanoma of the head and neck
Authors: Prasad Manju L. , Jungbluth Achim A. , Patel Snehal G. , Iversen Kristin , Hoshaw‐Woodard Stacy , Busam Klaus J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackground.Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are T‐cell–defined tumor‐associated antigens encoded by the genes and gene families such as MAGE, NY‐ESO‐1, and others. Their expression in a wide variety of malignant neoplasms but absence in all normal adult tissue except testicular germ cells makes them attractive targets for immunotherapy of cancer. Primary mucosal melanomas of the head and neck (HNMM) are rare aggressive malignant tumors that are usually difficult to treat. CTAs may provide useful targets for therapy; however, their expression in HNMM is not known.Methods.We analyzed 40 initial, 15 recurrent, and 15 metastatic HNMM to nonmucosal locations from 64 patients (oral, n = 30; sinonasal, n = 34). Immunohistochemistry was performed on archival tissue with monoclonal antibodies 57B, CT7‐33, and ES121 to the following CTAs: MAGE‐A4, CT7 (MAGE‐C1), and NY‐ESO‐1, respectively.Results.CT7, MAGE‐A4, and NY‐ESO‐1 expression was seen in 73%, 61%, and 24% of tumors, respectively, with 81% of the tumors expressing at least one of the CTAs. CT7 and MAGE‐A4 were significantly more frequently expressed in tumors composed of epithelioid cells than spindle cells (p = .05). CTA expression did not correlate with disease progression, overall survival, and disease‐specific survival.Conclusions.CT7, MAGEA4, and NY‐ESO‐1 are frequently expressed in HNMM and may be potential targets for CTA‐based immunotherapy. The expression does not seem to have prognostic significance. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 1053–1057, 2004
Regulation of gene expression in melanoma: New approaches for treatment
Authors: Leslie Michael C. , Bar‐Eli Menashe 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe molecular changes associated with the transition of melanoma cells from radial growth phase (RGP) to vertical growth phase (VGP, metastatic phenotype) are not yet well defined. We have demonstrated that the progression of human melanoma is associated with loss of expression of the transcription factor AP‐2. In metastatic melanoma cells, this loss resulted in overexpression of MCAM/MUC18, MMP‐2, the thrombin receptor (PAR‐1), and lack of c‐KIT expression. The transition from RGP to VGP is also associated with overexpression of the angiogenic factor IL‐8. Additionally, the transition of melanoma cells from RGP to VGP is associated with overexpression of the transcription factors CREB and ATF‐1, both of which may act as survival factors for human melanoma cells. Inactivation of CREB/ATF‐1 activities in metastatic melanoma cells by dominant‐negative CREB or by anti‐ATF‐1 single chain antibody fragment (ScFv), resulted in deregulation of MMP‐2 and MCAM/MUC18, increased the sensitivity of melanoma cells to apoptosis, and inhibition of their tumorigenicity and metastatic potential in vivo. In this prospect article, we summarize our data on the role of AP‐2 and CREB/ATF‐1 in the progression of human melanoma and report on the development of new fully human antibodies anti‐MCAM/MUC18 and anti‐IL‐8 which could serve as new modalities for the treatment of melanoma. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural and functional analysis of domains mediating interaction between NKX‐3.1 and PDEF
Authors: Chen Hui , Bieberich Charles J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNKX‐3.1 is a suspected prostate tumor suppressor gene that encodes a homeodomain transcripti on factor. NKX‐3.1 has been demonstrated to interact with prostate derived Ets factor (PDEF) and to suppress the ability of PDEF to transactivate the prostate specific antigen promoter. To dissect the molecular basis of the interaction between these transcription factors, deletion analyses were preformed using the yeast two‐hybrid system. The interaction of NKX‐3.1 with full‐length PDEF requires part of the homeodomain and a tyrosine‐rich 21 amino acid sequence that lies C‐terminal to the homeodomain. The interaction of PDEF with full‐length NKX‐3.1 requires the Ets domain and a linker region that lies between the Ets and pointed domains. Deletion of the C‐terminal 21 amino acids of NKX‐3.1 completely disrupts the ability to suppress the transactivation function of PDEF in prostate tumor cells, demonstrating concordance between interaction in yeast and function in mammalian cells. These studies have identified novel protein–protein interaction domains within NKX‐3.1 and PDEF that operate in concert with their respective DNA binding domains to mediate functional interactions between these growth regulatory transcription factors. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electron microscopy of DNA replication in 3‐D: Evidence for similar‐sized replication foci throughout S‐phase
Authors: Koberna Karel , Ligasová Anna , Malínský Jan , Pliss Artem , Siegel Alan J. , Cvačková Zuzana , Fidlerová Helena , Mašata Martin , Fialová Markéta , Raška Ivan , Berezney Ronald 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDNA replication sites (RS) in synchronized HeLa cells have been studied at the electron microscopic level. Using an improved method for detection following the in vivo incorporation of biotin‐16‐deoxyuridine triphosphate, discrete RS, or foci are observed throughout the S‐phase. In particular, the much larger RS or foci typically observed by fluorescence microscopic approaches in mid‐ and late‐S‐phase, are found to be composed of smaller discrete foci that are virtually identical in size to the RS observed in early‐S‐phase. Pulse‐chase experiments demonstrate that the RS of early‐S‐phase are maintained when chased through S‐phase and into the next cell generation. Stereologic analysis demonstrates that the relative number of smaller sized foci present at a given time remains constant from early through mid‐S‐phase with only a slight decrease in late‐S‐phase. 3‐D reconstruction of serial sections reveals a network‐like organization of the RS in early‐S‐phase and confirms that numerous smaller‐sized replication foci comprise the larger RS characteristic of late‐S‐phase. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of library ranking efficacy in virtual screening
Authors: Kontoyianni Maria , Sokol Glenn S. , MCclellan Laura M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe present the results of a comprehensive study in which we explored how the docking procedure affects the performance of a virtual screening approach. We used four docking engines and applied 10 scoring functions to the top‐ranked docking solutions of seeded databases against six target proteins. The scores of the experimental poses were placed within the total set to assess whether the scoring function required an accurate pose to provide the appropriate rank for the seeded compounds. This method allows a direct comparison of library ranking efficacy. Our results indicate that the LigandFit/Ligscore1 and LigandFit/GOLD docking/scoring combinations, and to a lesser degree FlexX/FlexX, Glide/Ligscore1, DOCK/PMF (Tripos implementation), LigandFit1/Ligscore2 and LigandFit/PMF (Tripos implementation) were able to retrieve the highest number of actives at a 10% fraction of the database when all targets were looked upon collectively. We also show that the scoring functions rank the observed binding modes higher than the inaccurate poses provided that the experimental poses are available. This finding stresses the discriminatory ability of the scoring algorithms, when better poses are available, and suggests that the number of false positives can be lowered with conformers closer to bioactive ones. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 11–22, 2005
QMQSAR: Utilization of a semiempirical probe potential in a field‐based QSAR method
Authors: Dixon Steve , Merz Kenneth M. , Lauri Giorgio , Ianni James C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA semiempirical quantum mechanical approach is described for the creation of molecular field‐based QSAR models from a set of aligned ligand structures. Each ligand is characterized by a set of probe interaction energy (PIE) values computed at various grid points located near the surface of the ligand. Single‐point PM3 calculations afford these PIE values, which represents a pool of independent variables from which multilinear regression models of activity are built. The best n‐variable fit is determined by constructing an initial regression using standard forward stepwise selection, followed by refinement using a simulated annealing technique. The resulting fit provides an easily interpreted 3D physical model of ligand binding affinity. Validation against three literature datasets demonstrates the ability of the semiempirical potential to model critical binding interactions in diverse systems. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 23–34, 2005
Involvement of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/TNF receptor system in leukemic cell apoptosis induced by histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide (FK228)
Authors: Sutheesophon Krittaya , Nishimura Noriko , Kobayashi Yukiko , Furukawa Yutaka , Kawano Mikihiko , Itoh Kouichi , Kano Yasuhiko , Ishii Hideshi , Furukawa Yusuke 
Published: November 2004

AbstractInhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) is a novel strategy for the treatment of leukemias via restoration of aberrantly silenced genes. In this study, we conducted a detailed analysis of anti‐leukemic effects of an HDAC inhibitor (HDI), depsipeptide (FK228), using myeloid leukemia cell lines HL‐60 and K562. DNA chip analysis revealed upregulation of TNF‐α mRNA and a number of molecules involved in TNF‐signaling such as TRAF‐6, caspases‐10, and ‐7 in depsipeptide‐treated HL‐60 cells, which prompted us to examine the involvement of the TNF/TNF receptor system in the anti‐leukemic effects of the drug. Upregulation of TNF‐α was induced by depsipeptide in HL‐60 and K562 cells, which expressed type I TNF receptors (TNF‐RI). Depsipeptide activated caspases‐8 and ‐10, which in turn cleave caspases‐3 and ‐7, leading to apoptotic cell death in both cell lines. Anti‐TNF‐α neutralizing antibody and short interfering RNA (siRNA) against TNF‐RI alleviated the activation of the caspase cascade and the induction of apoptosis, indicating the presence of an autocrine loop. Finally, we demonstrated that the enhanced production of TNF‐α by depsipeptide was due to transcriptional activation of the TNF‐α gene through hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4 in its promoter region (−208 to +35). These results suggest that autocrine production of TNF‐α plays a role in the cytotoxicity of depsipeptide against a subset of leukemias. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell size‐dependent and independent proliferation of rodent neuroblastoma x glioma cells
Authors: Rouzaire‐Dubois Béatrice , O'regan Seana , Dubois Jean‐Marc 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor decades, the connection between cell size and division has been the subject of controversy. While in yeast, cell size checkpoints coordinate cellular growth with cell‐cycle progression, it has been recently shown that large and small Schwann cells proliferate at the same rate (Conlon and Raff, 2003, J Biol 2:7). From this point of view, it is important to know whether normal and tumoral cells are similar. During continuous culture of NG108‐15 neuroblastoma x glioma cells, the rate of proliferation, cell size, and external pH changed in parallel. At constant pH, the cell size‐proliferation relationship followed a bell‐shaped curve, so that proliferation was optimal within a cell volume window. In contrast, external acidification decreased proliferation independently of cell size. Using electrophysiological techniques, we showed that changes in cell size were dependent on both the uptake of nutrients and the passive influx of ions. Furthermore, an increase in cell size was associated with an increase in total proteins/cell. Another way to influence cell growth and proliferation is to alter the activity of the PI‐3 kinase and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway. In NG108‐15 cells, pharmacological inhibition of these proteins with LY 294002 and rapamycin respectively decreased proliferation but did not modify cell size. In contrast, aphidicolin treated cells did not proliferate, but they continued to increase in size. Altogether these results indicate that the proliferation of NG108‐15 cells is controlled by both cell size‐dependent and independent mechanisms that include extracellular pH and PI‐3 kinase activity. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.