bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric properties of an Italian version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale‐11 (BIS‐11) in nonclinical subjects
Authors: Fossati Andrea , Di Ceglie Antonella , Acquarini Elena , Barratt Ernest S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo assess the psychometric properties of the Italian translation of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale‐11 (BIS‐11), the scale was administered to 763 college undergraduates. Based on analyses using item‐total correlations and t‐tests for differences between the top and the bottom total score quartiles, all items from the English version of the BIS‐11 were retained in the Italian version. Cronbach's α for internal consistency was .79 and two‐month test–retest reliability was .89. An exploratory principal‐components analysis replicated the six first‐order factors and three oblique second‐order factors, consistent with the number identified in the English version. However, subfactor item loadings differed between the English and Italian versions. The overall item pool was consistent in being a homogeneous measure of impulsiveness. The BIS‐11 total score was correlated significantly with aggression and ADHD measures. The BIS‐11 also significantly differentiated between high and low levels of binge eating, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 815–828, 2001.
A critical evaluation of current views regarding eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Clarifying points of confusion
Authors: Perkins Byron R. , Rouanzoin Curtis C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEMDR is an active psychological treatment for PTSD that has received widely divergent reactions from the scientific and professional community. This article examines points of confusion in the published literature on EMDR, including the theoretical, empirical, and historical issues around EMDR and placebo effects, exposure procedures, the eye movement component, treatment fidelity issues, and outcome studies. It also examines historical information relevant to the scientific process and charges of “pseudoscience” regarding EMDR. We conclude that the confusion in the literature is due to (a) the lack of an empirically validated model capable of convincingly explaining the effects of the EMDR method, (b) inaccurate and selective reporting of research, (c) some poorly designed empirical studies, (d) inadequate treatment fidelity in some outcome research, and (e) multiple biased or inaccurate reviews by a relatively small group of authors. Reading the original research articles frequently helps to reduce the confusion arising from the research review literature. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 77–97, 2002.
Adrenergic regulation of cardiac myocyte apoptosis
Authors: Singh Krishna , Xiao Lei , Remondino Andrea , Sawyer Douglas B. , Colucci Wilson S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe direct effects of catecholamines on cardiac myocytes may contribute to both normal physiologic adaptation and pathologic remodeling, and may be associated with cellular hypertrophy, apoptosis, and alterations in contractile function. Norepinephrine (NE) signals via α‐ and β‐adrenergic receptors (AR) that are coupled to G‐proteins. Pharmacologic studies of cardiac myocytes in vitro demonstrate that stimulation of β1‐AR induces apoptosis which is cAMP‐dependent and involves the voltage‐dependent calcium influx channel. In contrast, stimulation of β2‐AR exerts an anti‐apoptotic effect which appears to be mediated by a pertussis toxin‐sensitive G protein. Stimulation of α1‐AR causes myocyte hypertrophy and may exert an anti‐apoptotic action. In transgenic mice, myocardial overexpression of either β1‐AR or Gαs is associated with myocyte apoptosis and the development of dilated cardiomyopathy. Myocardial overexpression of β2‐AR at low levels results in improved cardiac function, whereas expression at high levels leads to dilated cardiomyopathy. Overexpression of wildtype α1B‐AR does not result in apoptosis, whereas overexpression of Gαq results in myocyte hypertrophy and/or apoptosis depending on the level of expression. Differential activation of the members of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) superfamily and production of reactive oxygen species appear to play a key role in mediating the actions of adrenergic pathways on myocyte apoptosis and hypertrophy. This review summarizes current knowledge about the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the regulation of cardiac myocyte apoptosis via stimulation of adrenergic receptors and their coupled effector pathways. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New human myelodysplastic cell line, TER‐3: G‐CSF specific downregulation of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase IV
Authors: Mishima Yuji , Terui Yasuhito , Mishima Yuko , Katsuyama Misa , Mori Masaki , Tomizuka Hiroshi , Takizawa Toshiyuki , Miyazato Akira , Ueda Masuzu , Yamada Muneo , Hayasawa Hirotoshi , Mizunuma Nobuyuki , Ishizaka Yukihito , Ikeda Kazuma , Kato Takashi , Ozawa Keiya , Hatake Kiyohiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have established a new hematopoietic cell line from a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), which was refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB). This cell line, designated TER‐3, depends on several cytokines for long‐term survival and growth, and requires interleukin‐3 (IL‐3) for continuous growth. Cytochemical analysis revealed that TER‐3 cells are weakly dianisidine positive and nonspecific esterase positive, but peroxidase negative. The surface marker profile shows that the TER‐3 cells are strongly positive for myeloid, lymphoid, and megakaryocytic antigens such as CD15, CD19, and CD61, and negative for some common multilineage antigens such as CD13, CD33, and CD34. Thus, this cell line has a multilineage phenotype, suggesting that the transformation event occurred in multipotent stem cells. Dianisidine‐ and nonspecific esterase‐positive TER‐3 cells increase with granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) rather than with IL‐3. These results suggest that the cell line is useful for understanding the mechanism underlying G‐CSF‐associated hematopoietic cell differentiation and activation in the patient with MDS. J. Cell. Physiol. 191: 183–190, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human α‐thrombin stimulates proliferation of interferon‐γ differentiated, growth‐arrested U937 cells, overcoming differentiation‐related changes in expression of p21CIP1/WAF1 and cyclin D1
Authors: Naldini Antonella , Carney Darrell H. , Pucci Annalisa , Carraro Fabio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn addition to its central role in blood coagulation and hemostasis, human α‐thrombin is a growth factor for a variety of cell types. We recently demonstrated that interferon‐γ (IFNγ)‐differentiated U937 cells show increased expression of the proteolytically activated receptor for thrombin (PAR‐1) relative to undifferentiated U937. In the present study we show that cell proliferation is inhibited in IFNγ‐differentiated cells relative to undifferentiated U937. Addition of thrombin to the differentiated cells, however, overcomes the inhibition and restores the cells to a highly proliferative state. Ribonuclease protection assays indicate that the IFNγ‐induced growth arrest is associated with an increased expression of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21CIP1/WAF1 and downregulation of cyclin D1. Treatment of cells with thrombin downregulates p21CIP1/WAF1 expression in these cells and upregulates cyclin D1 mRNA expression, thus overcoming the differentiation‐related effects in a coordinated manner. Treating differentiated cells with the PAR‐1 activation peptide, SFLLRN, stimulates proliferation and has effects similar to those of thrombin on expression of p21CIP1/WAF1. Thus, it appears that these thrombin stimulated proliferative effects are mediated through activation of PAR‐1. These results may help explain how thrombin can overcome growth arrest in normal tissue to initiate tissue repair and why thrombin and thrombin‐like enzymes may contribute to unrestricted proliferation observed in certain malignancies. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional receptor‐channel coupling compared in contractile and proliferative human vascular smooth muscle
Authors: Karkanis Tom , Jiao Yang , Hurley Bernard R. , Li Shaohua , Pickering J. Geoffrey , Sims Stephen M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have previously identified a human vascular smooth muscle clone that can reversibly convert between proliferative and contractile phenotypes. Here we compared receptor‐channel coupling in these cells using fura‐2 to monitor [Ca2+]i and patch‐clamp to record currents. Histamine elevated [Ca2+]i in all cells and caused contraction of cells exhibiting the contractile phenotype. The rise of [Ca2+]i persisted in Ca2+‐free solution and was abolished by thapsigargin, indicating involvement of stores. Whole cell electrophysiological recording revealed that histamine evoked transient outward K+ current, indicating functional receptor‐channel coupling. The time‐course and amplitude of the histamine‐activated current were similar in cells of the proliferative and contractile phenotypes. Moreover, a large conductance K+ channel was recorded in cell‐attached patches and was activated by histamine as well as the Ca2+ ionophore A‐23187, identifying it as the large conductance Ca2+‐dependent K+ channel. This K+ channel showed similar characteristics and activation in both proliferative and contractile phenotypes, indicating that expression was independent of phenotype. In contrast, histamine also elicited an inward Cl− current in some contractile cells, suggesting differential regulation of this current depending on phenotype. These studies demonstrate the usefulness of this human vascular cell clone for studying functional plasticity of smooth muscle, while avoiding complications arising from extended times in culture. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Actin filament assembly and actin‐myosin contractility are necessary for anchorage‐ and EGF‐dependent activation of phospholipase Cγ
Authors: Suzuki Katsuo , Takahashi Kazuhide 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFormation of actin stress fibers and the focal adhesion complex between cell and the substratum are crucial for nonmalignant cells to achieve anchorage‐dependent growth. We show here that the adhesion complex formed in normal human mammary epithelial (HME) cells which adhered to type IV collagen, involved the EGF receptor (EGFR) and phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) as signaling molecules, in addition to integrin β1, α‐actinin, and actin even before stimulation of the cells with EGF. Stimulation of cells with EGF induced tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR and activation of PLCγ, as assessed by the production of a second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG), without any significant increase in the amount of EGFR‐bound PLCγ. Disruption of either actin filaments by cytochalasin D (CD) or actin‐myosin contractility by ML‐7, an inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), altered the flattened morphology of quiescent cells to a retracted one, without affecting the association between EGFR and PLCγ. Stimulation of CD‐ or ML‐7‐treated cells with EGF failed to inhibit tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR and its association and colocalization with PLCγ, but inhibited the PLCγ activation. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PtdInsP2), substrate of PLCγ, was tightly associated with α‐actinin and the content of α‐actinin‐bound PtdInsP2 was reduced by treatment of cells with ML‐7 but not with CD. The amount of PtdInsP2 bound to α‐actinin was increased by the addition of EGF and this EGF‐induced increase was blocked by either CD or ML‐7. The present results suggest that anchorage‐dependent EGF signaling in HME cells may require both actin filament assembly and actin‐myosin contractility for the PLCγ activation. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of murine adult bone marrow stroma‐initiating cells in Lin−c‐fms+c‐kitlowVCAM‐1+ cells
Authors: Tanaka‐Douzono Miyuki , Suzu Shinya , Yamada Muneo , Wakimoto Noriko , Hayasawa Hirotoshi , Hatake Kiyohiko , Motoyoshi Kazuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe attempted to characterize the phenotype of cells which initiate fibroblastic stromal cell formation (stroma‐initiating cells: SICs), precursor cells for fibroblastic stromal cells, based on the expression of cell surface antigens. First, we stained adult murine bone marrow cells with several monoclonal antibodies and separated them by magnetic cell sorting. SICs were abundant in the c‐kit+, Sca‐1+, CD34+, VCAM‐1+, c‐fms+, and Mac‐1− populations. SICs were recovered in the lineage‐negative (Lin−) cells but not the Lin+ cells. When macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) was absent from the culture medium, no stromal colony appeared among the populations enriched in SICs. Based on these findings, the cells negative for lineage markers and positive for c‐fms (M‐CSF receptor) were further divided on the basis of the expression of c‐kit, VCAM‐1, Sca‐1 or CD34 with a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter. SICs were found to be enriched in the Lin−c‐fms+c‐kitlow cells and Lin−c‐fms+VCAM‐1+ cells but not in Lin−c‐fms+Sca‐1+ cells and Lin−c‐fms+CD34low cells. As a result, the SICs were found to be present at highest frequency in Lin−c‐fms+c‐kitlowVCAM‐1+ cells: a mean of 64% of the SICs in the Lin− cells were recovered in the population. In morphology and several characteristics, the stromal cells derived from Lin−c‐fms+c‐kitlowVCAM‐1+ cells resembled fibroblastic cells. The number of Lin−c‐fms+c‐kitlowVCAM‐1+ cells in bone marrow of mice injected with M‐CSF was higher than that in control mice. In this study, we identified SICs as Lin−c‐fms+c‐kitlowVCAM‐1+ cells and demonstrated that M‐CSF had the ability to increase the cell population in vivo. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental study on the enhancement of yeast microfiltration with gas sparging
Authors: Sur Hwal W , Cui Zhanfeng 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGas‐sparged microfiltration experiments with baker's yeast suspensions were performed using a 0.15 µm PCI multi‐tubular membrane module. The permeate flux and the enhancement from gas sparging were measured over the following operational parameter ranges: yeast suspension concentration 0.01–10% (wt), transmembrane pressure 0.5–4.0 bar, liquid crossflow velocity 0.36–1.8 ms−1, gas superficial velocity 0.18–1.02 ms−1. It was demonstrated that injecting air to create a gas–liquid two‐phase crossflow operation can significantly increase the permeate flux. The observed enhancement, resulting from injecting a relatively small amount of gas with a superficial velocity of 0.18 ms−1, ranges from 10% when fouling is insignificant to 135% when fouling tendency is severe. Controlled pulse injection leads to further increase in permeate flux. Examining the dependence of permeate flux on transmembrane pressure, it is clearly demonstrated that the injection of gas will elevate the value of the limiting flux. There is also evidence to show that the value of critical flux is increased when gas injection is applied. Further quantitative analysis will be performed in our future work.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of reaction product on the rate of addition of acetic acid to epichlorohydrin in the presence of chromium(III) acetate
Authors: Bukowska Agnieszka , Bukowski Wiktor 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe kinetics of addition of acetic acid to epichlorohydrin carried out in the presence of both the reaction product and chromium(III) acetate catalyst have been studied. At an equimolar ratio of reagents the dilution of the reacting mixture with the reaction product has been found not to affect the reaction order. The presence of product in the starting mixture, as well as temperature increase, considerably reduces the selectivity of reaction. Side reactions of epichlorohydrin are activated. Activation energy, enthalpy and entropy of the reaction all decrease in the presence of reaction product.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Powdered activated carbon‐assisted biotreatment of a chemical synthesis wastewater
Authors: Çeçen Ferhan , Aktaş Özgür 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effect of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on the biotreatment of an industrial wastewater taken from a chemical plant synthesising drugs for the pharmaceutical sector was studied. Industrial and domestic wastewaters were combined at laboratory scale and the effect of PAC addition was tested in aerobic reactors. The aim of this addition was to decrease inhibitory and non‐biodegradable organics. Two different procedures were applied in testing the effectiveness of PAC. First, PAC was directly added to activated sludge mixed liquor. In the second case, industrial wastewater was first contacted with PAC and then treated biologically. In the evaluation of performance, COD measurements, oxygen uptake rate (OUR) measurements and measurements in the ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectra were taken into consideration. Both direct PAC addition and PAC pretreatment led finally to similar results. In both cases, the concentration of non‐biodegradable matter could be lowered. In particular, the colour of the wastewater was significantly reduced. Direct PAC addition appeared to be more practical and plausible. In any case, PAC addition to activated sludge increased the OUR of the sludge, indicating that inhibition could be decreased. The study also pointed out that in the assessment of PAC performance, the combined evaluation of OUR, spectral parameters and COD would be much more informative than the COD parameter alone.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Feedback control design for an anaerobic digestion process
Authors: Alvarez‐Ramirez Jose , Meraz Monica , Monroy Oscar , Velasco Alejandra 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn approach for the design of linear feedback controllers for anaerobic digestion systems is presented. The effluent chemical oxigen demand (COD) concentration and the dilution rate are taken respectively as the regulated and the manipulated variables. The control design is based on simple step‐response models of the process endowed with an input delay to account for dead‐times induced by measurement devices. The resulting feedback controller has a traditional proportional‐integral (PI) control structure, so it can be easily implemented with conventional control technologies. Since the concentration of volatile fatty acids can be easily and quickly measured as compared with COD concentration, it is used as a secondary measurement that is incorporated into the feedback loop scheme to enhance the robustness of the control scheme with respect of influent disturbances. The performance of the proposed control scheme is illustrated via numerical simulations and experimental work.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Sonographic diagnosis and follow‐up of idiopathic hepatic artery aneurysm, an unusual cause of obstructive jaundice
Authors: Chandramohan  , Khan Ali N. , Fitzgerald Shamus , Sherlock David , Tam Eddy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHepatic artery aneurysms are rare. We report an idiopathic hepatic artery aneurysm causing obstructive jaundice in a case in which the common hepatic artery arose from the superior mesenteric artery. The diagnosis of hepatic artery aneurysm was suggested by gray‐scale sonography, which showed that the common bile duct and intrahepatic biliary radicles were dilated with no obvious intraluminal abnormality and showed no evidence of a mass in the head of the pancreas. A papillotomy of the papilla duodeni major was performed to relieve the cholestasis. Repeat sonography 2 weeks later showed dilatation of the common bile duct and a cyst‐like lesion at the porta hepatis impressing the anterior part of the common bile duct. Doppler sonography confirmed pulsatile flow within the cyst‐like lesion. Helical CT showed a well‐circumscribed lesion with a density similar to that of the abdominal aorta, and mesenteric angiography showed a 3‐cm, smooth aneurysm arising from the common hepatic artery, which originated from the superior mesenteric artery. The aneurysm was successfully treated with transcatheter embolization. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:466–471, 2001.
Development of scoliosis following pinealectomy in young chickens is not the result of an artifact of the surgical procedure
Authors: Beuerlein M. , Wang X. , Moreau M. , Raso J. , Mahood J. , Bagnall K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPinealectomy in young chickens consistently results in scoliosis, which has many characteristics similar to those seen in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains a mystery and it is not yet entirely clear whether some unidentified aspect of the extensive surgery is the major factor rather than the removal of the pineal gland. Four different types of pinealectomy surgery were performed on young chickens as well as deliberate damage to the cerebral cortex which simulated the extreme of any accidental damage that might occur during surgery. Scoliosis was assessed from weekly radiographs. No differences in incidence of scoliosis, degree of severity, or pattern of curve development were observed for any of the experimental groups when compared with controls. In all groups approximately 55% of the chickens developed scoliosis that progressed rapidly. Different pinealectomy procedures and deliberate damage to the cerebral cortex produce scoliosis in young chickens with the same incidence and characteristics. This suggests strongly that the mechanism behind the phenomenon is due to the removal of the pineal gland and not some artifact of the extensive surgery. The pinealectomy model in young chickens is proving to be a good model for studying AIS in humans. An understanding of the mechanism underlying this phenomenon has the potential to provide further insights into the etiology of AIS and can lead to the development of novel treatment methods. Microsc. Res. Tech. 53:81–86, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aspirin effects on gastric epithelial cell proliferation and cytokine expression
Authors: Pohle Thorsten , Becker Jan C. , Markmann André , Lügering Norbert , Pauels Hans‐Gerd , Konturek Jan W. , Domschke Wolfram 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAspirin is known to cause gastric injury and to delay ulcer healing. The effects of aspirin on gastric epithelial cell function are heterogeneous; in contrast to injuring the mucosa, aspirin may also act beneficially by inducing adaptation; a mechanism that is poorly understood. We aimed to document the effects of different doses of aspirin on gastric epithelial cell function defined as proliferation, and secretion as well as mRNA expression of cytokines. Furthermore, we studied the effects of aspirin pretreatment on cytokine secretion as a potential element of gastric adaptation. The proliferative activity of three different gastric epithelial cell lines (AGS, KATO III, RGM‐1) was assessed by 3H‐thymidine incorporation; secretion of growth factors PDGF‐AB and VEGF into culture supernatant was documented by ELISA. mRNA transcripts of both cytokines were quantified by real time RT‐PCR. Low doses of aspirin did not alter the proliferative dynamics in two of the three studied cell lines; high doses abolished proliferation. Secretion of PDGF‐AB and VEGF increased during the first days of low dose apirin exposition; higher concentrations led to a depletion of cytokines after an initial liberation in the case of VEGF, mRNA of which was also dose‐dependently increased by aspirin. Seven‐day pretreatment with low amounts of aspirin did not alter the secretory response of the epithelia caused by higher doses of this drug. The secretion of cytokines and proliferation of gastric epithelial cells are adversely effected by aspirin in a similarly dose‐dependent fashion as the intended effects of this drug on platelet function and pain relief. Microsc. Res. Tech. 53:354–359, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.