bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficiency, timeliness, health outcomes and cost‐effectiveness of a new aeromedical retrieval model in Central Australia: A pre‐ and post‐implementation observational study
Authors: Russell Deborah Jane , Zhao Yuejen , Mathew Supriya , Fitts Michelle Susannah , Johnson Richard , Reeve David Mark , Honan Bridget , Niclasen Petra , Liddle Zania , Green Danielle , Wakerman John 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess timeliness, efficiency, health outcomes and cost‐effectiveness of the 2018 redesigned Central Australian aeromedical retrieval model.DesignPre‐ and postimplementation observational study of all patients receiving telehealth consultations from remote medical practitioners (RMPs) or Medical Retrieval and Consultation Centre (MRaCC) physicians between 1/1/2015 and 29/2/2020. Descriptive and inferential statistics measuring system efficiency, timeliness, health outcomes and incremental cost‐effectiveness.FindingsThere were 9%–10% reductions in rates of total aeromedical retrievals, emergency department admissions and hospitalisations postimplementation, all p‐values < 0.001. Usage rates for total hospital bed days and ICU hours were 17% lower (both p < 0.001). After adjusting for periodicity (12% fewer retrievals on weekends), each postimplementation year, there were 0.7 fewer retrievals/day (p = 0.002). The mean time from initial consultation to aeromedical departure declined by 18 minutes post‐implementation (115 vs. 97 min, p = 0.007). The hazard of death within 365 days was nonsignificant (0.912, 95% CI 0.743–1.120). Postimplementation, it cost $302 more per hospital admission and $3051 more per year of life saved, with a 75% probability of cost‐effectiveness. These costs excluded estimated savings of $744,528/year in reduced hospitalisations and the substantial social and out‐of‐pocket costs to patients and their families associated with temporary relocation to Alice Springs.ConclusionCentral Australia's new critical care consultant‐led aeromedical retrieval model is more efficient, is dispatched faster and is more cost‐effective. These findings are highly relevant to other remote regions in Australia and internationally that have comparable GP‐led retrieval services.
The responsibility of bioethicists: The case study of Yemen
Authors: Lederman Zohar , Lederman Shmuel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this article, we describe in detail the health and general living conditions resulting from the ongoing armed conflict in Yemen, including the historical and geopolitical underpinnings. In addition to mere reporting, we use Yemen as a case study to examine the responsibility of bioethicists in general. We find it unacceptable that bioethics neglects the largest humanitarian crisis taking place in the world at the moment as well as the largest Cholera outbreak in history. We argue that bioethicists should do more to address armed conflicts and their resulting basic human rights violations. We end with a few recommendations to prevent such neglect.
Characterizing uterine responsiveness to oxytocin augmentation across four labor patterns in maternal obesity
Authors: Kissler Katherine J. , Carlson Nicole S. , Hernandez Teri L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundOptimizing care during labor protraction is a key strategy for reducing cesareans, especially among people with obesity. The pathophysiology of labor dystocia remains poorly understood, limiting precise interventions targeting the cause of protraction.MethodsIn this secondary analysis of nulliparas (n = 92) with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and spontaneous labor onset, we classified labor into four phenotypes based on duration of protraction and birth route: (1) no protraction, (2) short protraction and vaginal birth, (3) extended protraction meeting criteria for labor arrest, but with eventual progression and vaginal birth, and (4) extended protraction meeting criteria for labor arrest and cesarean birth. Across these phenotypes, we compared MVU, oxytocin dose, and novel measures of uterine responsiveness to oxytocin augmentation (MVU to oxytocin dose ratios).ResultsIn our sample, phenotype group 1 comprised 14.1% (n = 13); group 2 comprised 30.4% (n = 28); group 3 comprised 34.8% (n = 32); and group 4 comprised 20.7% (n = 19). Uterine responsiveness to oxytocin, but not MVU, decreased with each labor phenotype. Participants with cesarean birth had the lowest uterine responsiveness to oxytocin.ConclusionLabor and birth outcomes were associated with measures of uterine responsiveness to oxytocin rather than MVU alone, and thus these may be more clinically appropriate measures for guiding clinical decision‐making. Current criteria for labor arrest are likely too stringent for nulliparas with obesity, many of whom appear to progress to safe vaginal birth after longer labor durations. Differences in uterine responsiveness to oxytocin augmentation across the groups suggests underlying physiologic differences in the labor phenotypes, which should drive future research targeting pathophysiology.
Familial hypercholesterolemia is related to cardiovascular disease, heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Results from a population‐based study
Authors: Tada Hayato , Kaneko Hidehiro , Suzuki Yuta , Okada Akira , Takeda Norifumi , Fujiu Katsuhito , Morita Hiroyuki , Ako Junya , Node Koichi , Takeji Yasuaki , Takamura Masayuki , Yasunaga Hideo , Komuro Issei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, the prevalence of FH among a general population remains unknown, and it is unclear if FH is associated with other cardiovascular complications, including heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsAnalyses were conducted on individuals without a prior history of cardiovascular disease using a nationwide health claims database collected in the JMDC Claims Database between 2005 and 2022 (n = 4,126,642; median age, 44 years; 57.5% men). We defined FH as either LDL cholesterol ≥250 mg/dL or LDL cholesterol ≥175 mg/dL under the lipid‐lowering medications under the assumption that lipid‐lowering medications reduced LDL cholesterol by 30%. We assessed the associations between FH and composite outcomes, including, ASCVD (myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and stroke), HF, and AF using Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsWe identified 11,983 (.29%) FH patients. In total, 181,150 events were recorded during the mean follow‐up period of 3.5 years. The status FH was significantly associated with composite outcomes after adjustments (hazard ratio [HR]; 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30–1.47, p < .001). Interestingly, the status FH was significantly associated with HF (HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.36–1.61, p < .001) and AF (HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.08–1.64, p < .001) in addition to angina pectoris (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.33–1.58, p < .001) and stroke (HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.04–1.36, p < .001).ConclusionWe found that the prevalence of FH was .29% in a general population. FH was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, HF and AF.Lay summaryWe sought to identify the prevalence of FH among a general population, and to clarify whether FH increases the risk of not only ASCVD but also HF and AF.
Aerodynamic effects cause higher forest evapotranspiration and water yield reductions after wildfires in tall forests
Authors: Meili Naika , Beringer Jason , Zhao Jiacheng , Fatichi Simone 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWildfires are increasing in frequency, intensity, and extent globally due to climate change and they can alter forest composition, structure, and function. The destruction and subsequent regrowth of young vegetation can modify the ecosystem evapotranspiration and downstream water availability. However, the response of forest recovery on hydrology is not well known with even the sign of evapotranspiration and water yield changes following forest fires being uncertain across the globe. Here, we quantify the effects of forest regrowth after catastrophic wildfires on evapotranspiration and runoff in the world's tallest angiosperm forest (Eucalyptus regnans) in Australia. We combine eddy covariance measurements including pre‐ and post‐fire periods, mechanistic ecohydrological modeling and then extend the analysis spatially to multiple fires in eucalypt‐dominated forests in south‐eastern Australia by utilizing remote sensing. We find a fast recovery of evapotranspiration which reaches and exceeds pre‐fire values within 2 years after the bushfire, a result confirmed by eddy covariance data, remote sensing, and modeling. Such a fast evapotranspiration recovery is likely generalizable to tall eucalypt forests in south‐eastern Australia as shown by remote sensing. Once climate variability is discounted, ecohydrological modeling shows evapotranspiration rates from the recovering forest which reach peak values of +20% evapotranspiration 3 years post‐fire. As a result, modeled runoff decreases substantially. Contrary to previous research, we find that the increase in modeled evapotranspiration is largely caused by the aerodynamic effects of a much shorter forest height leading to higher surface temperature, higher humidity gradients and therefore increased transpiration. However, increases in evapotranspiration as well as decreases in runoff caused by the young forest are constrained by energy and water limitations. Our result of an increase in evapotranspiration due to aerodynamic warming in a shorter forest after wildfires could occur in many parts of the world experiencing forest disturbances.
Composition‐dependent leaching behavior in ion‐irradiated borosilicate glasses: A corrosion mechanism study
Authors: Qin Kemian , Zhang Xiaoyang , Bai Kai , Jin Zhaoxuan , Zhang Buyun , Wang Yuchuan , Lv Peng , Ejaz Ahsan , Zhou Haiqiang , Wang Tieshan , Peng Haibo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEvaluating the corrosion behavior of borosilicate glass after irradiation holds vital importance for the safe geological disposal of high‐level radioactive waste. This study examined the leaching properties of three kinds of sodium‐borosilicate (RNa2O‒B2O3‒KSiO2, denoted as “NBS”) glasses with the same R but varying K under 5 MeV Xe‐ion radiation to decipher the correlation between the corrosion mechanism and glass composition. After Xe‐ion radiation, an increase in [BO3] units was observed, indicative of the glass network depolymerization. Irradiated glasses exhibited a more significant change in [BO3] units over the leaching time compared to their pristine counterparts. There is a strong correlation between the initial dissolution rates of pristine glasses, the K value, and the proportion of Na. Additionally, the initial Si dissolution rate of the NBS glasses has been accelerated by heavy ion irradiation. For the same R value over the glass series, the initial Si dissolution rates in ternary borosilicate glasses change at similar rates after irradiation. This study concluded that the variation trend in the initial dissolution rate of Si and Na differs under ion radiation.
Auctions with Endogenous Initiation
Authors: GORBENKO ALEXANDER S. , MALENKO ANDREY 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTWe study initiation of takeover auctions by potential buyers and the seller. A bidder's indication of interest reveals that she is optimistic about the target. If bidders' values have a substantial common component, as in takeover battles between financial bidders, this effect disincentivizes bidders from indicating interest, and auctions are seller‐initiated. Conversely, in private‐value auctions, such as battles between strategic bidders, equilibria can feature both seller‐ and bidder‐initiated auctions, with the likelihood of the latter decreasing in commonality of values and the probability of a forced sale by the seller. We also relate initiation to bids and auction outcomes.
Financing the Gig Economy
Authors: BUCHAK GREG 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTUnlike traditional firm production, gig economy workers provide their own physical capital. As a consequence, the low‐income households for whom gig economy opportunities are most valuable often borrow to participate. In the context of ride share, difference‐in‐difference analysis reveals increased vehicle purchases, borrowing, utilization, and employment around entry, but financially constrained individuals cannot participate. To assess the equilibrium importance of financing, I build and estimate a structural model of the gig economy. Access to finance proves critical for the gig economy's growth: without finance, equilibrium quantities would be 40% lower and prices 90% higher, and only higher‐income households could participate as drivers.
Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy for the treatment of hypersomatotropism secondary to a pituitary somatotroph adenoma in a dog
Authors: Steele Matthew M. E. , Lawson Jack S. , Scudder Christopher , Watson Alice H. , Ho Nicola T. Z. , Yaffy Dylan , Batchelor Daniel , Fenn Joe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPituitary‐dependent hypersomatotropism is rarely diagnosed in dogs and surgical treatment is not reported. A 6‐year‐10‐month male neutered Patterdale Terrier presented with polyuria, polydipsia, progressive pharyngeal stertor, excessive hair growth and widened facial features and paws. Serum insulin‐like growth factor‐1 concentration via radioimmunoassay was consistent with hypersomatotropism (1783 ng/mL). A pituitary mass was identified on magnetic resonance and computed tomography imaging. Six weeks later, glucosuria, starved hyperglycemia and serum fructosamine above the reference range (467.6 μmol/L, RI 177‐314) were documented, consistent with diabetes mellitus. Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy was performed under general anesthesia without complications. Pituitary histopathology identified an acidophil neoplasm, with positive immunostaining for growth hormone. Postoperatively, there was rapid resolution of clinical, biochemical and morphologic changes of hypersomatotropism with persistence of diabetes mellitus. This case demonstrates successful resolution of hypersomatotropism with ongoing diabetes mellitus in a dog after surgical treatment by transsphenoidal hypophysectomy.
Investigating biodiversity patterns across scales in freshwater mussels
Authors: Petersen K. N. , Wares J. P. 
Published: November 2023

Hypotheses relating genomic diversity to community attributes such as abundance and species diversity attract attention from a wide and varied audience because their applications are twofold. First, testing such hypotheses can further a theoretical—and hopefully generalizable—understanding of the forces that assemble communities and create observed patterns of biodiversity. Second, relationships that hold true could ease the burden of data collection for conservation or other urgent applications; for example, a strong correlation between species diversity and genetic diversity could make it possible to use one as a proxy for the other, and focus limited resources on measuring the easier of the two without sacrificing information gained. In a From the Cover article in this issue of Molecular Ecology, Bucholz et al. (2023) explore the relationships between within‐species genomic diversity, community relative abundance and community species richness, testing three types of ecological hypotheses in the freshwater mussel communities of the southeastern United States. They find positive relationships between mussel density and species richness, and between genomic diversity within a species and density of that species, but no robust support for the expectation of correlated genomic and species diversity. Their analyses highlight the among‐species variability in relationships among these different levels of organization and also the complex ways in which interactions with the broader ecosystem (i.e. unionid mussels require fish hosts for maturation) affect these quantitative relationships, nonetheless pushing forward into the important frontier of community‐wide genomic assessment for theoretical and conservation applications.
Clearing the air: unraveling past and guiding future research in atmospheric chemosynthesis
Authors: Ray Angelique E. , Tribbia Dana Z. , Cowan Don A. , Ferrari Belinda C. 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARY
Atmospheric chemosynthesis is a recently proposed form of chemoautotrophic microbial primary production. The proposed process relies on the oxidation of trace concentrations of hydrogen (≤530 ppbv), carbon monoxide (≤90 ppbv), and methane (≤1,870 ppbv) gases using high-affinity enzymes. Atmospheric hydrogen and carbon monoxide oxidation have been primarily linked to microbial growth in desert surface soils scarce in liquid water and organic nutrients, and low in photosynthetic communities. It is well established that the oxidation of trace hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases widely supports the persistence of microbial communities in a diminished metabolic state, with the former potentially providing a reliable source of metabolic water. Microbial atmospheric methane oxidation also occurs in oligotrophic desert soils and is widespread throughout copiotrophic environments, with established links to microbial growth. Despite these findings, the direct link between trace gas oxidation and carbon fixation remains disputable. Here, we review the supporting evidence, outlining major gaps in our understanding of this phenomenon, and propose approaches to validate atmospheric chemosynthesis as a primary production process. We also explore the implications of this minimalistic survival strategy in terms of nutrient cycling, climate change, aerobiology, and astrobiology.
Evaluation of variation in special educational needs provision and its impact on health and education using administrative records for England: umbrella protocol for a mixed-methods research programme
Authors: Zylbersztejn Ania , Lewis Kate , Nguyen Vincent , Matthews Jacob , Winterburn Isaac , Karwatowska Lucy , Barnes Sarah , Lilliman Matthew , Saxton Jennifer , Stone Antony , Boddy Kate , Downs Johnny , Logan Stuart , Rahi Jugnoo , Black-Hawkins Kristine , Dearden Lorraine , Ford Tamsin , Harron Katie , De Stavola Bianca , Gilbert Ruth 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionOne-third of children in England have special educational needs (SEN) provision recorded during their school career. The proportion of children with SEN provision varies between schools and demographic groups, which may reflect variation in need, inequitable provision and/or systemic factors. There is scant evidence on whether SEN provision improves health and education outcomes.MethodsThe Health Outcomes of young People in Education (HOPE) research programme uses administrative data from the Education and Child Health Insights from Linked Data—ECHILD—which contains data from all state schools, and contacts with National Health Service hospitals in England, to explore variation in SEN provision and its impact on health and education outcomes. This umbrella protocol sets out analyses across four work packages (WP). WP1 defined a range of ‘health phenotypes’, that is health conditions expected to need SEN provision in primary school. Next, we describe health and education outcomes (WP1) and individual, school-level and area-level factors affecting variation in SEN provision across different phenotypes (WP2). WP3 assesses the impact of SEN provision on health and education outcomes for specific health phenotypes using a range of causal inference methods to account for confounding factors and possible selection bias. In WP4 we review local policies and synthesise findings from surveys, interviews and focus groups of service users and providers to understand factors associated with variation in and experiences of identification, assessment and provision for SEN. Triangulation of findings on outcomes, variation and impact of SEN provision for different health phenotypes in ECHILD, with experiences of SEN provision will inform interpretation of findings for policy, practice and families and methods for future evaluation.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics committees have approved the use of the ECHILD database and, separately, the survey, interviews and focus groups of young people, parents and service providers. These stakeholders will contribute to the design, interpretation and communication of findings.
Interventions to reduce interpersonal stigma towards patients with a mental dysregulation for ambulance and emergency department healthcare professionals: review protocol for an integrative review
Authors: Van de Glind Geurt , Galenkamp Niek , Bleijenberg Nienke , Schoonhoven Lisette , Scheepers Floortje E , Crilly Julia , van Veen Mark , Ham Wietske H W 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionWorldwide, there is an increase in the extent and severity of mental illness. Exacerbation of somatic complaints in this group of people can result in recurring ambulance and emergency department care. The care of patients with a mental dysregulation (ie, experiencing a mental health problem and disproportionate feelings like fear, anger, sadness or confusion, possibly with associated behaviours) can be complex and challenging in the emergency care context, possibly evoking a wide variety of feelings, ranging from worry or pity to annoyance and frustration in emergency care staff members. This in return may lead to stigma towards patients with a mental dysregulation seeking emergency care. Interventions have been developed impacting attitude and behaviour and minimising stigma held by healthcare professionals. However, these interventions are not explicitly aimed at the emergency care context nor do these represent perspectives of healthcare professionals working within this context. Therefore, the aim of the proposed review is to gain insight into interventions targeting healthcare professionals, which minimise stigma including beliefs, attitudes and behaviour towards patients with a mental dysregulation within the emergency care context.Methods and analysisThe protocol for a systematic integrative review is presented, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols recommendations. A systematic search was performed on 13 July 2023. Study selection and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers. In each step, an expert with lived experience will comment on process and results. Software applications RefWorks-ProQuest, Rayyan and ATLAS.ti will be used to enhance the quality of the review and transparency of process and results.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval or safety considerations are required for this review. The proposed review will be submitted to a relevant international journal. Results will be presented at relevant medical scientific conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023390664 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).