bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new FRAX model for Brazil
Authors: Albergaria B. H. , Zerbini C. A. F. , Lazaretti-Castro M. , Eis S. R. , Vilaca T. , Johansson H. , Harvey N. C. , Liu E. , Vandenput L. , Lorentzon M. , Schini M. , McCloskey E. , Kanis J. A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Summary

Fracture probabilities derived from the original FRAX model for Brazil were compared to those from an updated model based on more recent regional estimates of the incidence of hip fracture. Fracture probabilities were consistently lower in the updated FRAX model. Despite large differences between models, differences in the rank order of fracture probabilities were minimal.

Objective
Recent epidemiological data indicate that the risk of hip fracture in Brazil is lower than that used to create the original FRAX model. This paper describes the epidemiology of hip fracture in Brazil and the synthesis of an updated FRAX model with the aim of comparing this new model with the original model.

Methods
Hip fracture rates from three cities in three regions were combined, weighted by the population of each region. For other major fractures, incidence rates for Brazil were estimated using Swedish ratios for hip to other major osteoporotic fracture (humerus, forearm or clinical vertebral fractures). Mortality estimates were taken from the UN.

Results
Compared to the original FRAX model, the updated model gave lower 10-year fracture probabilities in men and women at all ages. Notwithstanding, there was a very close correlation in fracture probabilities between the original and updated models (r > 0.99) so that the revisions had little impact on the rank order of risk.

Conclusion
The disparities between the original and updated FRAX models indicate the importance of updating country-specific FRAX models with the advent of significant changes in fracture epidemiology.
Detection of atrial fibrillation in persons aged 65 years and above using a mobile electrocardiogram device
Authors: Daniëls Fenna , Ramdjan Tanwier T. T. K. , Mánfai Balázs , Adiyaman Ahmet , Smit Jaap Jan J. , Delnoy Peter Paul H. M. , Elvan Arif 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Untreated atrial fibrillation (AF) often results in increased morbidity and mortality. Opportunistic AF screening in persons aged ≥ 65 years is recommended to identify patients with AF in order to prevent AF-related complications.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of screening persons for AF with the Kardia mobile electrocardiogram device (MED) and to determine the percentage of newly detected AF cases by selective population screening in the Netherlands.

Methods
Persons aged ≥ 65 years, without a medical history of AF, in nursing homes, at public events or visiting the general practitioner (GP) were approached to participate. A Kardia MED smartphone ECG (sECG) was recorded and the CHA2DS2-VASc score was calculated. An automated AF algorithm classified the sECGs as ‘sinus rhythm’, ‘AF’ or ‘unclassified’. In the case of AF, participants were referred to their GP. All sECGs were assessed by blinded experts.

Results
A total of 2168 participants were screened for AF. According to the expert’s interpretation, 2.5% had newly detected AF, of whom 76.4% never experienced palpitations and 89.1% had a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 2. The algorithm result was unclassified in 12.2% of cases, of which 95.5% were interpretable by experts. With expert opinion as the gold standard and excluding unclassified sECGs, the Kardia MED’s negative and positive predictive value for detecting AF was 99.8% and 60.0%, respectively.

Conclusion
Screening for AF using the Kardia MED is feasible and results in 2.5% newly detected AF cases. Expert interpretation of algorithm outcomes AF and unclassified is recommended.
The importance, consequences and treatment of psychosocial risk factors in heart disease: less conversation, more action!
Authors: Kupper Nina , van den Houdt Sophie , Kuijpers Petra M. J. C. , Widdershoven Jos 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPsychosocial factors play a significant role in the incidence and prognosis of cardiovascular disease with a rapidly increasing body of knowledge, as acknowledged by their inclusion in the European Society of Cardiology cardiovascular prevention guideline since 2012. Nevertheless, psychosocial risk is not consistently assessed, acknowledged and treated in daily clinical practice. Therefore, adopting a multidimensional approach that encompasses biological, psychological, and social factors is crucial for understanding the dynamic nature of cardiovascular health and disease, delivering patient-centred care, and developing effective interventions to ultimately enhance health and satisfaction with contemporary medicine and care. The current review summarises the state-of-the-art evidence for screening and treating psychological risk factors in coronary heart disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation in the context of cardiac rehabilitation, along with accompanying recommendations. The limited adoption of routine screening, despite longstanding recommendations, highlights the importance of prioritising the implementation and expansion of routine screening in primary and secondary prevention. To advance psychosocial treatment, a standardised and personalised approach including comprehensive education, physical exercise, and psychosocial support with a focus on patient-reported outcomes is crucial. Treating heart and mind together has the potential to decrease psychosocial risk while enhancing the prognosis and quality of life, therefore delivering true patient-centred care.
Challenge Not Only to the Muscles—Surface Instability Shifts Attentional Demands in Young and Older Adults While Performing Resistance Exercise
Authors: Claußen Lisa , Braun Claudia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRegular physical activity is an important factor in maintaining and improving physical and cognitive functions in an aging society. Compared to resistance and endurance training, motor tasks with attentional demands and cognitive activation are considered to have a greater potential for improving executive functions. Unstable devices increase the coordinative demands and could thus lead to increased cognitive engagement during acute resistance exercises. This study aimed to investigate the required attentional resources during squats on stable and unstable surfaces in young and older adults. For this purpose, 13 young (Mage = 23.5, SD = 2.7 years) and 17 older (Mage = 70.2, SD = 4.3 years) healthy adults performed dumbbell squats on a flat ground (stable condition) and on an unstable device (unstable condition) while simultaneously conducting a visual-verbal Stroop task. Attentional resources for the stable and unstable conditions were assessed by calculating the differences in reaction time for the Stroop task (dual-task effect) from the single-task to the dual-task condition, respectively. As a result, there was a significant higher negative dual-task effect (i.e., cognitive performance decrement) while squatting on an unstable (− 13.96%) versus a stable surface (− 8.68%). Older adults did not show significantly greater dual-task effects than young adults. In conclusion, the attentional resources required during acute resistance training may be increased by the use of unstable devices. The fact that no age differences were found could be a consequence of the strict selection criteria for the study (selection bias).
2D Problem of a Nonlocal Thermoelastic Diffusion Solid with Gravity via Three Theories
Authors: Said Samia M. , Othman Mohamed I. A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The impact of gravity on nonlocal thermoelastic diffusion solid is discussed in this work.

Methods
The Green-Naghdi theory (G-N II), the Lord-Shulman theory, and the three-phase-lag model all explore the issue. The governing equations are solved using the normal mode technique to get the analytic forms of the displacements, temperatures, force stress tensors, and mass concentration. Using appropriate boundary conditions, the physical fields are calculated and the numerical computations have been carried out with the help of MATLAB programming.

Results
In the physical domain, numerical results for the field quantities are provided and graphically displayed in both the absence and presence of gravity and the nonlocal parameter.

Conclusion
Physical variables are affected by nonlocal thermoelasticity as well as the gravity field.
Innovative solution: soil cement column walls as a temporary retaining structure for excavation in soft Bangkok clay
Authors: Hoy Menglim , Srijaroen Chayanon , Horpibulsuk Suksun , Phunpeng Veena , Rachan Runglawan , Arulrajah Arul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe installation of temporary retaining walls for excavation activities is considered a crucial and costly aspect in the realm of geotechnical engineering construction. Several past studies have been undertaken on the stability aspects of the deep mixing method for soil–cement column walls in soft Bangkok clay are available. However, there has been a lack of research focusing specifically on the relationship between execution time, cost, and stability of these walls, a topic on which this study is focused. The principal aim of this research was to investigate and make a comparative analysis of the stability, construction cost, and construction duration of retaining walls under varying construction site conditions. This study placed particular emphasis on shallow excavation conducted in the context of soft Bangkok clay, and its focus was to determine the most effective construction management strategies within the given contextual parameters. The investigated wall systems comprised of soil–cement columns (SC), stiffened soil–cement columns (SSC), and sheet pile walls. The SC had a diameter of a diameter of 0.6 m, while the SSC was composed of an embedded steel pipe with a diameter of 0.2 m (SSC-IRow Wall). The stability of the walls under investigation was assessed through the utilization of finite element (FE) simulation. The finite element model was initially calibrated through a comparison between the simulation results and the data obtained from field measurements. For a 4.5 m deep excavation with a required factor of safety > 1.3, the SCC and SSCC Walls were found to have an advantage over the conventional sheet pile wall. The SC Wall, consisting of two rows and measuring 7 m in length, demonstrated superior efficiency in terms of both time and cost, regardless of whether it was implemented in unconfined or confined construction sites. The utilization of the SSC-IRow Wall was suggested as an alternative in cases where the use of a thick SC Wall was prohibited. A systematic approach for the selection and design of the SC and SSC Wall systems was proposed, drawing upon a thorough examination and evaluation of the study findings. The results of this study possess the capacity to be utilized in excavation endeavors encompassing diverse depths in the context of soft Bangkok clay and comparable soil conditions.
Estimating stellar parameters and identifying very metal-poor stars for low-resolution spectra (R∼ 200)
Authors: Wu Tianmin , Bu Yude , Xie Jianhang , Liang Junchao , Liu Wei , Yi Zhenping , Kong Xiaoming , Liu Meng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVery metal-poor (VMP, [Fe/H]<-2.0) stars serve as invaluable repositories of insights into the nature and evolution of the first-generation stars formed in the early galaxy. The upcoming China Space Station Telescope (CSST) will provide us with a large amount of spectral data that may contain plenty of VMP stars, and thus it is crucial to determine the stellar atmospheric parameters ($T_{\textrm{eff}}$,$\log$g, and [Fe/H]) for low-resolution spectra similar to the CSST spectra ($R\sim 200$). This study introduces a novel two-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, comprised of three convolutional layers and two fully connected layers. The model’s proficiency is assessed in estimating stellar parameters, particularly metallicity, from low-resolution spectra ($R \sim 200$), with a specific focus on enhancing the search for VMP stars within the CSST spectral data. We mainly use 10 008 spectra of VMP stars from LAMOST DR3, and 16 638 spectra of non-VMP stars ([Fe/H]>-2.0) from LAMOST DR8 for the experiments and apply random forest and support vector machine methods to make comparisons. The resolution of all spectra is reduced to$R\sim200$to match the resolution of the CSST, followed by pre-processing and transformation into two-dimensional spectra for input into the CNN model. The validation and practicality of this model are also tested on the MARCS synthetic spectra. The results show that using the CNN model constructed in this paper, we obtain Mean Absolute Error (MAE) values of 99.40 K for$T_{\textrm{eff}}$, 0.22 dex for$\log$g, 0.14 dex for [Fe/H], and 0.26 dex for [C/Fe] on the test set. Besides, the CNN model can efficiently identify VMP stars with a precision rate of 94.77%, a recall rate of 93.73%, and an accuracy of 95.70%. This paper powerfully demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed CNN model in estimating stellar parameters for low-resolution spectra ($R\sim200$) and recognizing VMP stars that are of interest for stellar population and galactic evolution work.
Longitudinal associations of circadian eating patterns with sleep quality, fatigue and inflammation in colorectal cancer survivors up to 24 months post-treatment
Authors: Chong Marvin Y. , Eussen Simone J. P. M. , van Roekel Eline H. , Pot Gerda K. , Koster Annemarie , Breukink Stéphanie O. , Janssen-Heijnen Maryska L. G. , Keulen Eric T. P. , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , Weijenberg Matty P. , Bours Martijn J. L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFatigue and insomnia, potentially induced by inflammation, are distressing symptoms experienced by colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. Emerging evidence suggests that besides the nutritional quality and quantity, also the timing, frequency and regularity of dietary intake (chrono-nutrition) could be important for alleviating these symptoms. We investigated longitudinal associations of circadian eating patterns with sleep quality, fatigue and inflammation in CRC survivors. In a prospective cohort of 459 stage I-III CRC survivors, four repeated measurements were performed between 6 weeks and 24 months post-treatment. Chrono-nutrition variables included meal energy contribution, frequency (a maximum of six meals could be reported each day), irregularity and time window (TW) of energetic intake, operationalised based on 7-d dietary records. Outcomes included sleep quality, fatigue and plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers. Longitudinal associations of chrono-nutrition variables with outcomes from 6 weeks until 24 months post-treatment were analysed by confounder-adjusted linear mixed models, including hybrid models to disentangle intra-individual changes from inter-individual differences over time. An hour longer TW of energetic intake between individuals was associated with less fatigue (β: −6·1; 95 % CI (−8·8, −3·3)) and insomnia (β: −4·8; 95 % CI (−7·4, −2·1)). A higher meal frequency of on average 0·6 meals/d between individuals was associated with less fatigue (β: −3·7; 95 % CI (−6·6, −0·8)). An hour increase in TW of energetic intake within individuals was associated with less insomnia (β: −3·0; 95 % CI (−5·2, −0·8)) and inflammation (β: −0·1; 95 % CI (−0·1, 0·0)). Our results suggest that longer TWs of energetic intake and higher meal frequencies may be associated with less fatigue, insomnia and inflammation among CRC survivors. Future studies with larger contrasts in chrono-nutrition variables are needed to confirm these findings.
The impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on care-givers of people with cognitive impairment and their support needs: a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Baldassar Loretta , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Minh , Jones Bronte , Stevens Catriona , Krzyzowski Lukasz , Lozeva Silvia , Marino Simone , Du Plooy Maria Greta Carleze , Eldridge Johanne , Almeida Osvaldo P. , Ghosh Manonita 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing restrictions/lockdowns have caused significant physical and psychological consequences for people with cognitive impairment who are heavily dependent on their care-givers. However, little is known about the impact on care-givers, the factors that exacerbate their situation and what supports they need. The aims of this paper are threefold: (a) to examine the impact of COVID-19 physical restrictions on both formal and informal care-givers of people with cognitive impairment; (b) to identify attributing factors influencing this impact; and (c) to recognise their support needs. Further, this paper informs future research, policy and practice. Guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute framework, a systematic review was conducted using a mixed-methods convergent integrated approach. Eight databases were searched using keywords related to COVID-19 restriction, dementia care-givers, impacts and care settings, followed by a manual search. The study was limited to primary research published in English between January 2020 and December 2021. Of the 840 records identified, 30 met the inclusion criteria. Service withdrawal and social distancing has effectively led to the reprivatisation of care to the family, particularly women. Care-givers experienced negative impacts including reduced psychological wellbeing and physical health, increased care burden and financial difficulties. A number of clinical attributes and socio-demographic factors influenced the COVID-19 impact on care-givers. Consequently, counselling services, assistance with care and financial support were identified as support needs. Implementation of new support and the strengthening of existing services are recommended to enhance resilience, build capacity to support care-givers in any given situation and mitigate the effects of future outbreaks.
Delimitation methodology for the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles: Three-stage approach as a way forward?
Authors: Liao Xuexia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDelimitation of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles (nm) is a relatively novel exercise by international courts and tribunals, and a question that assumes theoretical and practical importance is whether the delimitation methodology primarily developed in maritime delimitation within 200 nm can be applied to the delimitation beyond that distance. In contrast to some prevailing arguments that the delimitation methodology for the continental shelf beyond 200 nm should somewhat differ, this article examines whether the delimitation beyond 200 nm can be integrated under the three-stage approach articulated by the ICJ in the 2009 Black Sea case and discusses what methodological problems have been raised in the delimitation process. By analysing the applicability and application of the three-stage approach to the continental shelf delimitation beyond 200 nm in the jurisprudence, this article argues that substantive integration of the delimitation methodology for the continental shelf beyond 200 nm has taken place and is likely to continue. The integrated approach to the delimitation methodology adopted in the Bangladesh v. India case and the Ghana/Côte d’Ivoire case may prove to be guiding precedents that indicate a way forward in the jurisprudence.
Mindfulness Fills in the Blank Spaces Left by Affective Uncertainty Uplifting Adaptive Behaviors
Authors: Junça-Silva Ana , Caetano António 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Drawing on the integrative model of uncertainty tolerance, we aimed to investigate whether uncertainty relates to adaptive performance, at the within-person level. We argue that daily uncertainty at work will trigger negative affective reactions that, in turn, will minimize adaptive performance. Moreover, we focus on socio-cognitive mindfulness as a cross-level moderator of the indirect relationship of uncertainty on adaptive performance via negative affect. To capture changes in daily life and test our model, we conducted two diary studies across 5-working days: One with a sample of telecommuters (n = 101*5 = 505), and the other with a sample of non-telecommuters (n = 253*5 = 1,265). Study 1 took place between February and March of 2021 (during the mandatory confinement), and Study 2 occurred between April and May 2021 (out of the mandatory confinement). Both studies were conducted in Portugal. The multilevel results showed that at the day-level of analysis, uncertainty decreased adaptive performance through the enhanced negative affect. Moreover, at the person-level of analysis mindfulness moderated (a) the direct relationship of uncertainty to adaptive performance, and (b) the indirect relationship of uncertainty to adaptive performance via negative affect, in such a way that it became weaker when mindfulness was higher (multilevel-mediated moderation effect). This relation was different between Studies 1 and 2; that is, in Study 1, teleworkers who were high on mindfulness engaged in more adaptive performance when negative affect was high. In Study 2, adaptive performance significantly decreased, when negative affect was higher, even though this effect was weaker for mindful of individuals. The findings show that mindfulness helps to fill in the spaces of the affective uncertainty attenuating its detrimental effects.
Role of Snowfall Versus Air Temperatures for Greenland Ice Sheet Melt‐Albedo Feedbacks
Authors: Ryan J. C. , Medley B. , Stevens C. M. , Sutterley T. C. , Siegfried M. R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Greenland Ice Sheet is a leading contributor to global sea‐level rise because climate warming has enhanced surface meltwater runoff. Melt rates are particularly sensitive to air temperatures due to feedbacks with albedo. The primary melt‐albedo feedback, fluctuation of seasonal snowlines, however, is determined not only by melt but also by antecedent snowfall which could delay the onset of dark glacier ice exposure. Here we investigate the role of snowfall versus air temperatures on ice sheet melt‐albedo feedbacks using satellite remote sensing and atmospheric reanalysis data. We find several lines of evidence that snowline fluctuations are driven primarily by air temperatures and that snowfall is a secondary control. First, standardized linear regressions indicate that the timing of glacier ice exposure is nearly twice as sensitive to air temperatures than antecedent snowfall. Second, in 74% of the ablation zone by area, winter snowfall rates are not significantly correlated with winter air temperatures. This relationship implies that ice sheet melt due to climate warming is unlikely to be compensated by higher snowfall rates in the ablation zone. Third, we find no significant change in snowfall rates in the ablation zone during our 1981–2021 study period. Our findings demonstrate that snowfall is unlikely to reduce future ice sheet melt and that ice sheet meltwater runoff should be accurately predicted by air temperatures. Although given the importance of melt‐albedo feedbacks, ice sheet models that parameterize albedo or are coupled with regional climate models are likely to provide the most accurate projections of mass loss.