bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical and pathogenetic significance of estrogen receptor‐β expression in chronic liver diseases and liver carcinoma
Authors: Iavarone Massimo , Lampertico Pietro , Seletti Chiara , Francesca Donato Maria , Ronchi Guido , Del Ninno Ersilio , Colombo Massimo 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDEstrogen receptor‐α (ERα) is variably expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is believed to be correlated with prognosis and survival. Recently, another estrogen receptor (ERβ) has been identified, but its relevance in liver diseases is unknown.METHODSThe expression of ERβ in the liver of 42 patients with HCC (10 with paired extratumoral tissues) and 26 with chronic liver disease without HCC was studied by a reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction method, and correlated with the expression of ERα and severity of the liver disease.RESULTSBoth ERβ and wild‐type ERα were found to be expressed more often in patients with chronic liver disease compared with those with HCC (69% vs. 45% [P = 0.046] and 46% vs. 10% [P = 0.0008], respectively). ERs were similarly expressed in HCC and in the paired extratumoral tissue. Wild‐type receptors, either alone or together with the deleted mutants ERδ5, were more often coexpressed in chronic liver disease (58%) than in HCC (29%); in 13 tumors (31%), either ERδ5 or no receptors at all were detected (P = 0.006). Hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related tumors either did not appear to express ERs or expressed ERδ5 more often than hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐related tumors (67% vs. 15%; P = 0.007). The same was true for multinodular compared with single nodular tumors (50% vs. 19%; P = 0.04).CONCLUSIONSBoth receptors were expressed in chronic liver disease and neoplastic livers demonstrating different patterns in relation to the etiology and clinical presentation of the tumor. These differences might underscore different pathogenetic mechanisms in HBV‐related and HCV‐related HCC and a different evolutionary course for the tumor. Cancer 2003;98:529–34. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11528
Characteristics and prognosis of patients after resection of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension
Authors: Okada Morihito , Sakamoto Toshihiko , Nishio Wataru , Uchino Kazuya , Tsubota Noriaki 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere remains ongoing controversy with regard to the optimal management strategy and the prognostic significance of small‐sized nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Therefore, in the current study, the authors analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients who underwent complete resection of these lung tumors, the follow‐up data, and the significant prognostic factors.METHODSOf 1726 consecutive patients surgically treated for proven primary lung carcinoma, 265 patients underwent complete removal of a nonsmall cell lung carcinoma in which the greatest dimension of the resected specimen was ≤ 2 cm.RESULTSThe cancer‐specific 5‐year and 10‐year survival rates were 86% and 83%, respectively. Univariate analyses revealed that advanced pathologic stage, a tumor size of 16–20 mm, lymphatic vessel invasion, vascular vessel invasion, a high serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and extended resection were significantly unfavorable prognostic factors. Among these factors, multivariate analyses demonstrated that pathologic stage (P < 0.0001), vascular vessel invasion (P = 0.0040), and CEA level (P = 0.0291) were significant, independent determinants of survival. None of the patients with pathologic Stage I disease, no vascular vessel invasion, and a low serum CEA level died of their disease after undergoing complete resection.CONCLUSIONSThe preoperative level of serum CEA and vascular vessel invasion by tumor cells were found to be independent prognostic factors that were as significant as the well established determinant of pathologic stage for patients with a nonsmall cell lung carcinoma measuring ≤ 2 cm in greatest dimension. These data may contribute to the explanation of the lower‐than‐expected survival of patients after complete surgical resection of such a small‐sized tumor. Cancer 2003;98:535–41. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11530
Identification of germline 185delAG BRCA1 mutations in non‐Jewish Americans of Spanish ancestry from the San Luis Valley, Colorado
Authors: Mullineaux Lisa G. , Castellano Teresa M. , Shaw Jeffrey , Axell Lisen , Wood Marie E. , Diab Sami , Klein Catherine , Sitarik Mark , Deffenbaugh Amie M. , Graw Sharon L. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDGermline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with an inherited predisposition to breast and ovarian carcinoma, and specific mutations in these genes are found at increased frequency in certain populations. The authors observed a repeated occurrence of the 185delAG mutation (BRCA1; also known as 187delAG) in a non‐Jewish population that originated from the San Luis Valley in Colorado.METHODSThis was a retrospective analysis of mutations that occur in non‐Jewish Americans of Spanish ancestry from Colorado who were tested clinically for BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic mutations using DNA sequencing.RESULTSBetween August 1994 and December 2001, 19 Spanish/Latin American individuals from different families underwent genetic counseling and clinical genetic testing using direct DNA sequencing for mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The results showed that 10 of 19 individuals had mutations or variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2, and 6 of 10 individuals (60%) carried the 185delAG mutation in BRCA1. All six families originated from the San Luis Valley in Colorado, indicated that they were of Spanish/Latin American ethnicity, and denied Jewish ancestry.CONCLUSIONSThe 185delAG mutation is common in families of non‐Jewish ancestry originating from the San Luis Valley in Colorado with hereditary breast/ovarian carcinoma, possibly due to a founder effect. Further investigation may lead to simplified genetic testing and may allow clinicians to serve this population better. The repeated occurrence of the 185delAG mutation in this specific population may have clinical and public health implications. Cancer 2003;98:597–602. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11533
Racial differences in survival after diagnosis with primary malignant brain tumor
Authors: Barnholtz‐Sloan Jill S. , Sloan Andrew E. , Schwartz Ann G. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrevious studies have shown that the overall incidence of primary malignant brain tumor is greatest in Caucasians, although survival is better in African Americans. The objective of this study was to examine racial differences in survival after diagnosis with primary malignant brain tumor in a population‐based sample of patients while adjusting for prognostic variables that differ by race.METHODSThe authors analyzed 21,493 patients (20,493 Caucasians and 1000 African Americans) who were diagnosed with primary malignant brain tumors from 1973 to 1997 (with follow‐up through 1999) from the population‐based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Chi‐square tests were used to determine statistical significance of prognostic variables and race (using two‐sided P values). Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess survival differences by race.RESULTSThe univariable model for race showed no survival difference by race. The multivariable model demonstrated that African American patients were at a 13% increased risk of death from any cause compared with Caucasian patients. The racial difference was explained further by an interaction between race and surgery type in which there was an increased risk of death for African American patients who underwent subtotal resections or surgery not otherwise specified compared with Caucasian patients who underwent the same procedures.CONCLUSIONSThere was a significant difference in the risk of death due to any cause for Caucasian patients and African American patients who were diagnosed with first primary brain tumors. Cancer 2003;98:603–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11534
Phase III trial of gemcitabine and carboplatin versus mitomycin, ifosfamide, and cisplatin or mitomycin, vinblastine, and cisplatin in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Danson Sarah , Middleton Mark R. , O'Byrne Kenneth J. , Clemons Mark , Ranson Malcolm , Hassan Jurjees , Anderson Heather , Burt Paul A. , Fairve‐Finn Corrine , Stout Ronald , Dowd Isabel , Ashcroft Linda , Beresford Cheryl , Thatcher Nicholas 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors compared gemcitabine and carboplatin (GC) with mitomycin, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (MIC) or mitomycin, vinblastine, and cisplatin (MVP) in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The primary objective was survival. Secondary objectives were time to disease progression, response rates, evaluation of toxicity, disease‐related symptoms, World Health Organization performance status (PS), and quality of life (QoL).METHODSThree hundred seventy‐two chemotherapy‐naïve patients with International Staging System Stage III/IV NSCLC who were ineligible for curative radiotherapy or surgery were randomized to receive either 4 cycles of gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2 on Days 1, 8, and 15) plus carboplatin (area under the serum concentration‐time curve, 5; given on Day 1) every 4 weeks (the GC arm) or MIC/MVP every 3 weeks (the MIC/MVP arm).RESULTSThere was no significant difference in median survival (248 days in the MIC/MVP arm vs. 236 days in the GC arm) or time to progression (225 days in the MIC/MVP arm vs. 218 days in the GC arm) between the 2 treatment arms. The 2‐year survival rate was 11.8% in the MIC/MVP arm and 6.9% in the GC arm. The 1‐year survival rate was 32.5% in the MIC/MVP arm and 33.2% in the GC arm. In the MIC/MVP arm, 33% of patients responded (4 complete responses [CRs] and 57 partial responses [PRs]) whereas in the GC arm, 30% of patients responded (3 CRs and 54 PRs). Nonhematologic toxicity was comparable for patients with Grade 3–4 symptoms, except there was more alopecia among patients in the MIC/MVP arm. GC appeared to produce more hematologic toxicity and necessitated more transfusions. There was no difference in performance status, disease‐related symptoms, or QoL between patients in the two treatment arms. Fewer inpatient stays for complications were required with GC.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study failed to demonstrate any difference in efficacy between the newer regimen of GC and the older regimens of MIC and MVP. Cancer 2003;98:542–53. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11535
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: Relation with desmoplastic medulloblastoma in infancy
Authors: Amlashi Seyed F. A. , Riffaud Laurent , Brassier Gilles , Morandi Xavier 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) are believed to be predisposed to develop early‐onset neoplasms including medulloblastomas (MB). The desmoplastic subtype of MB is associated most commonly with NBCCS. The goals of this study were to demonstrate the relation between desmoplastic MB and NBCCS and to evaluate the concomitant diagnosis of NBCCS and MB.METHODSThe medical records of 76 consecutive children who received surgical treatment for MB between 1970 and 2000 were studied. A review of the literature was performed based on the National Library of Medicine database and bibliographies of selected articles were scanned.RESULTSThe authors reported three patients with NBCCS who received surgical treatment for an MB during infancy. The literature review identified 33 patients with NBCCS who were treated for MB at a mean age of 28 months. The desmoplastic subtype was the only histopathologic subtype of MB reported in the NBCCS population. Although patients with NBCCS are predisposed to develop multiple basal cell carcinomas and intracranial tumors in the field of irradiation, the prognosis for syndromic MBs was much better compared with the prognosis for sporadic MBs.CONCLUSIONSPatients with NBCCS have an increased risk for other malignancies, especially radiation‐induced neoplasms. Early diagnosis of this syndrome is important for the selection of appropriate adjuvant treatment and family genetic counseling. The authors did not advocate the use of radiotherapy as an adjuvant treatment in desmoplastic MB diagnosed in children younger than 5 years of age. They suggested that the desmoplastic subtype of MB in children younger than 2 years of age is a major diagnostic criterion for the diagnosis of NBCCS. Cancer 2003;98:618–24. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11537
Nicotine dependence treatment for patients with cancer
Authors: Cox Lisa Sanderson , Africano Nicole L. , Tercyak Kenneth P. , Taylor Kathryn L. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDCancer patients who use tobacco demonstrate characteristics of strong nicotine dependence and are at increased risk for future tobacco‐related morbidity and mortality. Continued smoking may contribute to poorer cancer treatment outcome and additional illness. In contrast, stopping smoking may improve quality of life and facilitate cancer treatment. Unfortunately, limited attention has been given to addressing tobacco use and treating nicotine dependence in cancer patients.METHODSThe authors reviewed the current literature on smoking cessation and nicotine dependence treatment in patients with cancer.RESULTSNicotine dependence treatment in patients with cancer facilitates smoking cessation. Evidence that cancer patients are motivated and able to stop smoking support tobacco use treatment intervention. Research is needed to evaluate effective intervention to aid tobacco abstinence and evaluate related health benefits for this patient population.CONCLUSIONSCancer patients are able to stop smoking and benefit from intervention. Treatment of nicotine dependence in cancer patients merits attention from researchers and healthcare providers. The health risks of continued smoking and clear benefits of tobacco abstinence provide an ethical imperative for treating nicotine dependence in cancer patients. Research is needed to evaluate effective intervention with the overall goal of promoting tobacco abstinence to benefit oncology treatment and patient health. Cancer 2003;98:632–44. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11538
Measuring chemotherapy‐induced nausea and emesis
Authors: Martin Charles G. , Rubenstein Edward B. , Elting Linda S. , Kim Young Jun , Osoba David 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDChemotherapy‐induced nausea and emesis (CINE) is one of the most dreaded side effects of cancer therapy. To investigate the influence of these symptoms on a patient's quality of life (QOL), a validated tool measuring many domains is needed.METHODSA QOL questionnaire consisting of scales from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ‐C30, the Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis, the Osoba Nausea and Emesis Module, and new items specific to nausea, emesis, and retching was constructed and administered daily for 7–9 days to outpatients receiving emetogenic chemotherapy.RESULTSTest‐retest and internal consistency reliabilities ranged from 0.44 to 0.84 and from 0.59 to 0.85, respectively. Item and scale correlations indicated good convergent and discriminant validity. Scales and items measuring similar factors (e.g., severity of emesis and severity of nausea) had strong correlations than did scales measuring dissimilar factors (e.g., cognitive functioning and physical functioning). The validity of known groups was demonstrated by significant differences (P < 0.01) in patients' QOL scores between days with no episodes of nausea, emesis, or retching, days with 1 or 2 episodes, and days with more than 3 episodes. Patients' QOL significantly decreased as the number of episodes per day increased (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSA CINE QOL questionnaire that successfully measures the short‐term impact of nausea, emesis, and retching on patients receiving emetogenic chemotherapy has been developed, largely as a battery of preexisting questionnaires. The psychometric properties of the new questionnaire show adequate reliability and validity to warrant its use in clinical trials and outcomes studies. CINE adversely affects many domains within a patient's QOL. Cancer 2003;98:645–55. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11540
Results of decitabine (5‐aza‐2′deoxycytidine) therapy in 130 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop M. , O'Brien Susan , Cortes Jorge , Giles Francis J. , Faderl Stefan , Issa Jean‐Pierre , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Rios Mary Beth , Shan Jianqin , Andreeff Michael , Keating Michael , Talpaz Moshe 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDGeneral and site‐specific DNA methylation is associated with tumor progression and resistance in several cancers, including chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Decitabine is a hypomethylating agent that has shown encouraging preliminary anti‐CML activity. This study evaluated the activity and toxicity of decitabine in different phases of CML.METHODSOne hundred and thirty patients with CML were treated: 123 with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐positive CML (64 blastic, 51 accelerated, 8 chronic) and 7 with Ph‐negative CML. Decitabine was given at 100 mg/m2 over 6 hours every 12 hours × 5 days (1000 mg/m2 per course) in the first 13 patients, 75 mg/m2 in the subsequent 33 patients, and 50 mg/m2 in the remaining 84 patients.RESULTSA total of 552 courses were given to the 130 patients. Only four patients (3%) died during the first course from myelosuppressive complications (three patients) or progressive disease (one patient). Of 64 patients in the CML blastic phase, 18 patients (28%) achieved objective responses. Of these 18 patients, 6 achieved complete hematologic responses (CHR), 2 achieved partial hematologic responses (PHR), 7 achieved hematologic improvements (HI), and 3 returned to the second chronic phase (second CP). Five patients (8%) had cytogenetic responses. Among 51 patients in the accelerated phase, 28 patients (55%) achieved objective responses (12 CHR, 10 PHR, 3 HI, and 3 second CP). Seven patients (14%) had cytogenetic responses. Among eight patients treated in the chronic phase, five (63%) had objective responses. Of seven patients treated for Ph‐negative CML, four (57%) had objective responses. There was no evidence of a dose‐response effect. The estimated 3‐year survival rate was less than 5% in the blastic phase and 27% in the accelerated phase. The only significant toxicity reported was severe myelosuppression, which was delayed, prolonged, and dose dependent. With decitabine 50–75 mg/m2, the median time to granulocyte recovery above 0.5 × 109/L was about 4 weeks. Myelosuppression‐associated complications included febrile episodes in 37% and documented infections in 34%.CONCLUSIONSDecitabine appears to have significant anti‐CML activity. Future studies should evaluate lower‐dose, longer‐exposure decitabine schedules alone in imatinib‐resistant CML, as well as combinations of decitabine and imatinib in different CML phases. Cancer 2003;98:522–8. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11543
Influence of body mass index on outcomes and treatment‐related toxicity in patients with colon carcinoma
Authors: Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Catalano Paul J. , Haller Daniel G. , Mayer Robert J. , Benson Al B. , Macdonald John S. , Fuchs Charles S. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDObesity is a risk factor for the development of colon carcinoma. The influence of body mass index (BMI) on long‐term outcomes and treatment‐related toxicity in patients with colon carcinoma has not been well characterized.METHODSThis cohort study was conducted within a large, randomized adjuvant chemotherapy trial of 3759 men and women with high‐risk, Stage II and Stage III colon carcinoma who were treated between 1988 and 1992 throughout the United States. With a median follow‐up of 9.4 years, the authors examined the influence of BMI on disease recurrence, overall survival, and treatment‐related toxicity.RESULTSCompared with women of normal weight (BMI, 21.0–24.9 kg/m2), obese women with colon carcinoma (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) experienced significantly worse overall mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.34; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.07–1.67) and a nonsignificant increase in the risk of disease recurrence (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.98–1.59). The influence of BMI among women was not related to any differences in chemotherapy dose‐intensity across categories of BMI. In contrast, BMI was not related significantly to long‐term outcomes among male patients in this cohort. Among all study participants, obese patients had significantly lower rates of Grade 3–4 leukopenia and lower rates of any Grade ≥ 3 toxicity compared with patients of normal weight.CONCLUSIONSAmong women with Stage II–III colon carcinoma, obesity was associated with a significant increase in overall mortality as well as a borderline significant increase in disease recurrence. Nonetheless, obesity was not associated with any increase in chemotherapy‐related toxicity. Cancer 2003;98:484–95. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11544
The association of P‐glycoprotein with response to chemotherapy and clinical outcome in patients with osteosarcoma
Authors: Pakos Emilios E. , Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is controversy regarding whether P‐glycoprotein (Pgp) may be a prognostic factor for the response to chemotherapy and clinical disease progression in patients with osteosarcoma.METHODSThe authors conducted a meta‐analysis of 14 studies (n = 631 patients) that evaluated the correlation between Pgp and histologic response to chemotherapy and clinical disease progression (death, metastasis, or recurrence). Data were synthesized in receiver operating characteristic curves and with fixed‐effects and random‐effects likelihood ratios and risk ratios.RESULTSPgp had no discriminating ability for identifying poor responders versus good responders to chemotherapy: The positive likelihood ratio was 1.15 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.93–1.43), and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.65–1.18; random‐effects calculations). There was some between‐study heterogeneity, but no study showed strong discriminating ability. Conversely, Pgp positivity increased the risk of disease progression 1.92‐fold (95% CI, 1.18–3.13; random‐effects calculations) with some between‐study heterogeneity that disappeared when only studies that employed immunohistochemistry were considered (risk ratio, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.37–3.64). The results were robust in various sensitivity analyses, although smaller studies tended to show stronger associations with the risk of disease progression compared with larger studies (P = 0.03).CONCLUSIONSThe available evidence showed conclusively that Pgp was not associated with the histologic response of patients with osteosarcoma to combination chemotherapy regimens. Conversely, Pgp positivity, as determined by immunohistochemistry, was a strong correlate of more rapid disease progression, although there was heterogeneity across the performed studies that, to some extent, may have reflected bias, differential measurements of Pgp, or confounding with other risk factors. Cancer 2003;98:581–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11546