bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing Absent Critiques
Authors: Park Yoosun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The histories of immigration and social work are inextricably entangled. Immigrant enclaves in urban slums were living laboratories for the development of scientific philanthropy. Social work’s attention, however, did not encompass all immigrants. The focus of its developmental years was limited to White immigrants. Social work’s complicity in the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II was the culmination of a long history of the field’s complicity in the racist exclusion of Asian Americans. Identification of the profession’s silences and inactions is as necessary as the study of what it did and what it said. The aporias and elusions in the discourse were never random but defined by White supremacist ideology. Racism was a central rather than an accidental factor in the development of social work.
From “Problem” to Mass Repatriation
Authors: Roth Benjamin J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter draws on original source material to explore how the social work profession reinforced negative stereotypes about the “worthiness” of Mexican-origin immigrants in the early decades of the twentieth century. Historical analyses suggest the profession did little to challenge the racialized social construction of Mexican-origin residents as “undeserving” and was complicit in the state-sponsored campaign to forcibly repatriate hundreds of thousands back to Mexico—regardless of whether they were U.S. citizens or not. This is a historical case of social injustice, racialization, and immigrant exclusion that the social work profession needs to recognize. It provides insight into the development of the social work profession as well as a warning for contemporary practice and scholarship.
Institutional Racism in the Child Welfare System
Authors: Jones Jenny , Haynes Christin D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Federal policies that perpetuate inequities among African American families have led to the overrepresentation of Black children in the child welfare system. This chapter provides a historical overview of the antecedents that led to the development of the child welfare state that formalized racist policies that shaped the U.S. child welfare system. Embodied in this discussion is a historical account of the Black self-help/mutual aid movement that provided key aspects of Black club women’s child welfare vision that should be incorporated into contemporary child welfare policy and practice. Next, the chapter examines the impediments that African American children face within the context of racial injustice framed by Du Bois’s philosophical perspective. The chapter also provides examples of both Washington’s and Du Bois’s philosophical ideals as they relate to African Americans and the American child welfare system.
The Black Woman’s Tax
Authors: Chaisson Rebecca , Stevenson Rae , Lewis Marva L. , Blakey Joan M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the academic experience of four Black women in schools of social work in the Deep South and the representation of those experiences as the Black women’s tax. The narratives are from different career levels: (a) a doctoral student seeking liberatory scholarship; (b) a midcareer academician and administrator at a predominately White institution facing the controlling images of Black women and tokenism; (c) an administrator facing the challenges of structural racism and sexism at a Historically Black University; and (d) the challenges and coping strategies of a tenured, senior-level faculty member with a research agenda centered on Black women and children at a Carnegie 1 Research Institution. The chapter concludes with a call for a redefinition of Black feminism to address the intersectional challenges of White supremacy and cisgendered patriarchy to move toward equitable and fair contributions of Black women in the academy, without taxation.
Better Late Than Never
Authors: Brown Brittany Ribeiro , Nussinov Tariro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The history of social work has major implications for the present day field. The recognized founders of social work, Mary Richmond and Jane Addams, are two White women who had good intentions to address issues of poverty, crime, and disabilities; however, their good intentions were flawed, and this chapter identifies them as oppositional legs of social work. The chapter seeks to rectify social work’s role in the perpetuation of oppression by centering historical Black feminist thinkers and social workers of the Progressive Era as the blueprint of social work. This chapter covers four topics: the dominant historical narrative of White female social workers, historical Black women social workers, the transformative power of Black feminist thought, and the pedagogical implications of including Black feminist thought and Black female social work pioneers in social work education.
Social Work’s Blame Game
Authors: Champagne Lukas , Fisher Robert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Professional histories of social work have tended to emphasize White contributions and elide or minimize Black-led efforts at community social provision and self-determination. In particular, despite consonance between the politics and goals of settlement workers during the Progressive Era and the Black Power leaders during the late 1960s, these latter efforts are framed in social work histories as disruptive and even responsible for the rightward turn of politics in the United States during the 1970s and 1980s. This chapter asks social work educators to consider the relationship between the Black Power movement and social work, and to weigh the goals of the Black Power movement on their merits.
Making Policing Obsolete
Authors: Toraif Noor , Mueller Justin C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter identifies the harms of relying on policing as a response to social problems, conceptualizes abolitionism as a political movement, and argues that a distinctly abolitionist form of social work can and should help displace policing. The chapter further argues that this abolitionist social work has six defining tenets and demonstrates how these tenets reflect the components of abolitionist politics and are reflected in successful nonpolicing methods of responding to several social problems, including homelessness, substance use and addiction, and mental health crises. The chapter argues that abolitionist social work can contribute substantially to policing’s displacement and the prefiguration of a world in which police and policing are obsolete. This is especially urgent, given the expansion of policing to many social domains in the United States over the last half century, and the disproportionate harms policing has imposed on Black, Indigenous, and communities of color and the poor.
Toward a Historically Accountable Critical Whiteness Curriculum for Social Work
Authors: Gregory Joshua R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Whiteness is a social construct. Social constructs, by definition, can be disassembled. Whiteness is also wholly constituted by and inseparable from White supremacy, and thus exists purely as racial injustice. Consequently, racial justice demands that Whiteness be dismantled and abolished. Social work is directly implicated in this imperative; yet, the above facts register with most social workers as exaggerated, baseless, or ideological. Social work requires a historically accountable critical Whiteness curriculum to correct this misunderstanding and facilitate informed participation in the pursuit of racial justice. This curriculum explores the history of Whiteness in global, U.S., and social work contexts; examines the role of education in deploying and maintaining Whiteness; and considers reconstruction and abolition as alternative modes of responding to Whiteness. The curriculum ultimately shows abolition to be the only historically and theoretically consistent response to Whiteness, leading to a call for abolition as praxis and for further curricular development.
Advancing Culturally Disruptive Pedagogies to Dismantle Anti-Black Racism in the Generalist Social Work Curriculum
Authors: Gharbi Vannessa , Baffour Tiffany D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Social workers play dual roles as agents of social control and social change; therefore, the social work curriculum must prepare students to disrupt anti-Black racism that is embedded within systems. Strategies and content that effectively prepare faculty to engage in conversations about antiracist practice and advocate for the human rights of Black clients are critical to the training of social workers. There is a dearth of literature focused on using culturally disruptive pedagogies to dismantle racism in the generalist curriculum. This praxis model contends that the experiences and worldviews of people of color should be centered and normalized. This contribution provides actionable strategies and resources in developing antiracist curriculum and faculty development strategies that cut across program size and resource level. A synthesis of theories will offer a novel way to conceptualize teaching, learning, supervision, and field education to foster environments rich with transformative, antioppressive, and antiracist pathways to learning.
Envisioning an Antiracist Profession
Authors: Perez Ebony , Nelson Anna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As a social justice profession, social work is uniquely positioned to contribute to racial reckoning and antiracism. Yet, social work literature remains colorblind. Two social work critical race scholars of color engaged in a qualitative content analysis of four peer-reviewed social work journals’ articles published from 2015 to 2020 to inquire, “How is social work research addressing race and racism after twenty-five years of marginalization in the literature?” Critical race theory tenets were analytical constructs for this content analysis. Findings suggest that while social work journals with missions to address social justice and innovation show an increase in publishing on race and racism, the prominent journal advising social work education lagged in its number of published articles addressing critical social issues affecting Black, Indigenous, and people of color. These findings suggest the time is now for social work to embody its charge of promoting social justice by beginning its transformation from within.
LatCrit and Social Work Epistemology
Authors: Nakaoka Susan Lares , Aldana Adriana , Ortiz Larry 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Social work has relied on epistemology that privileges Whiteness over racialized groups. As the population of Latinx individuals in the United States continues to grow, new paradigmatic frames that are more responsive to the complex and urgent needs of Latinx populations are required. LatCrit, originating in legal and education scholarship, provides a culturally resonant lens that addresses systemic oppression and the racialization of issues such as immigration, bilingualism, low-wage labor, and perceived reliance on social support systems. LatCrit social work scholars have integrated the theory into social work praxis but have yet to apply it to epistemology. The authors provide examples of LatCrit as illustrations of how critical theory can be used to deconstruct social work epistemology. Implications for LatCrit in social work education are provided, which include an emphasis on the collective, experiential learning, oral history, and intergenerational knowledge.
Beyond Combat
Authors: Callaghan Walter , Eichler Maya , Tait Victoria 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Psychological injuries such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have long been problematic in hyper-masculinized military contexts as a result of social stigma. Much of this stigma is associated with perceptions of acceptable gender-normative behaviour, with the expression of emotion and distress being viewed as signs of weakness and therefore not befitting the masculinized gendered identity of the soldier. The historic focus on combat exposure has in itself created a situation where the acceptability and acknowledgement of psychological distress has been tied to the nature of the traumatogenic event. In effect, the dominant focus on psychobiological responses to combat exposure, including in programs meant to develop resiliency, has had the unintended consequence of gendering the traumatogenic event, and in turn gendering the diagnosis itself. This is evident in the difficulty veterans encounter when seeking treatment and benefits, particularly in cases of PTSD related to military sexual trauma (MST) and in the context of “moral injury.” Norms of masculinity inform the construction of injury in military contexts and contribute to a “hierarchy of injuries”: combat-related PTSD, non-combat PTSD, MST-related PTSD, and moral injury. This hierarchy reinforces normative understandings of who is a “real” soldier. We illustrate our argument regarding the importance of recognizing and acknowledging injury beyond combat by drawing on the voices and stories of veterans who are PTSD and MST survivors.
Moral Injury, Moral Suffering, and Moral Health
Authors: Talbert Matthew , Wolfendale Jessica 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, the authors argue that the concept of “moral injury” needs regimentation: Current definitions are both too broad and too narrow. They are too broad because they ignore or conflate important differences between the kinds of moral conflicts discussed in the literature. They are too narrow because they exclude the possibility of moral injury in the absence of internal moral conflict. The authors argue that it is necessary to first develop a conception of moral health, and they propose a Strawsonian conception of moral health as the ability to participate in the moral community. The account offered in this chapter thus includes some cases that are not recognized as moral injuries in the literature and rejects some cases that are commonly described as moral injuries.
Around the Tree of Awakening
Authors: Lewis Todd , Kim Jinah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter uses texts and imagery to focus on accounts of the ascetic Shakyamuni seated under the Bodhi tree, his Awakening to become a Buddha, and the first seven weeks afterward when he remained close to this sacred tree. After following various narratives recounting this period from Theravāda, Mahāyāna, and Vajrayāna traditions, it surveys the actions of illustrious beings (divine, demonic, serpent, human) as they interact with the newly realized sage. After underlining how the appearance of a Buddha alters the universe, leading to a series of supernatural revelations (earthquakes, rains of celestial flowers, healing, etc.), the chapter surveys the actions of the Buddha’s antagonist Māra, as well as actions of the gods, serpent deities, and devout men who are central to this great event. The chapter also delineates how these figures remain pivotal and paradigmatic through the subsequent history of Buddhism, including its successful trans-Asian diaspora.
The Buddha’s Story Continues
Authors: Berkwitz Stephen C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter picks up on the Buddha’s life story from the cremation of his body and focuses on narratives associated with the relics that survive his final nirvana. It describes what Buddha relics are understood to be according to Buddhist traditions. Next it outlines and examines how Buddha relics were collected and distributed among his followers, focusing on the key roles played by King Ajātasattu and King Asoka in ancient India. Stories about the spread and worship of relics beyond India are discussed, including accounts of relics and Buddha images that were brought and enshrined in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and China. Finally, it discusses how the relics have been predicted to come to an end, and why this end is important for framing the Buddha’s life story.
Political Religion and the End of Modernity
Authors: Versluis Arthur 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The history of ideas concerning the concept of the end of modernity is a prevalent focus on the contemporary right. Millenarian thought, theories of history in relation to the end of modernity, are discussed by a series of authors, including Gianni Vattimo, Romano Guardini, René Guénon, and John Lukacs. They discuss contemporary spirituality in terms of new age categories like lightworkers, especially as they intersect with theories of the end of modernity and a new age. These authors have in common the perspective that the contemporary era is decadent, or an era of decline if not apocalyptic. But some look for a future restoration or transformation.
Conclusion
Authors: Versluis Arthur 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter summarizes and provides conclusions regarding the book as a whole and its major chapters and discusses conclusions regarding all major themes and authors. It also draws larger conclusions regarding literature, film, major neo-gnostic authors, and social media including Gab and Telegram. Authors including Oswald Spengler, John Michael Greer, Nicholas Berdyaev, and Wilhelm Röpke are discussed with an eye to historical cyclicity. Possible futures of related groups, memes, and movements associated with the various neo-gnostic currents are summarized based on what was discussed earlier in the book. It highlights the opposition visible throughout the book between centralized power and individual liberty with relation to religious freedom and mysticism.
Interlude
Authors: Butler Leslie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This interlude shifts the narrative to 1863, in the middle of the Civil War that made the very survival of self-government an open question. Loyal union women—white and Black—insisted that democratic principles were at stake in the conflict and that emancipation was the most important step the Union must take to make American democracy consistent. By 1863, the war’s transformative, revolutionary potential was clear. It became a catalyst for recasting the categories of person, citizen, voter, and spouse. Grappling with self-government in general and women’s self-governance in particular would be crucial aspects of the democratic republic’s second founding.
Rupturing the “Cul-de-Sac”
Authors: Burford James , Hook Genine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter seeks to identify new directions for queer research in higher education studies via a focus on two graduate education projects emerging from the Antipodes. One author’s research on the contemporary affective-politics of doctoral education in Aotearoa New Zealand deployed queer concepts in order to unsettle habits of thinking about the political value of affect. In order to destabilize conventional ways of thinking about the agentive capacities of feelings, he draws on queer and feminist debates that have interrogated so-called positive feelings and repositioned “negative” states of being as potential sites for agency and understanding. The other author’s research examined the agency of sole-parent postgraduates in Australia and also employed a methodology of queer destabilization. The second author queers parental care work to unsettle gendered assumptions about sole-parent graduate students. In linking together these two projects, the hope is to demonstrate the disruptive possibilities of queer concepts in the area of postgraduate research studies.
Timely Interventions
Authors: Gunn Alexandra C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Queer theory is increasingly used in New Zealand studies of early childhood education to understand persistent issues of gender and sexuality inequality. Replete with normative expectations about gender, sexuality, and the family form, early childhood provides a multitude of entry points for understanding the repetitive impositions of heterosexual hegemony and associated heteronormative thinking and practice. Furthermore, children sometimes say and do the queerest things, asserting different possibilities for who and how individuals might claim or know themselves to be. This chapter examines how the astute educator can engage with queer theory to inform thinking and practice in early childhood education and beyond.
The Possibilities and Futurities of LGBTQ Youth
Authors: Vasquez Andrea , Cruz Cindy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
LGBTQ scholarship has maintained the focus and analysis of LGBTQ youth as the other and has failed to critically examine what it might mean in theory and in practice to encompass a nonvictimized intersectional identity with the possibilities of its disruption. This review is a critical analysis of the potentiality and limitations of “queerness,” with an emphasis on queer of color critique within educational research. Rooted in the work of critical scholars of color and situated within the U.S. context, this chapter explores the way “queer” has been taken up and problematized by educational scholars. Starting with the premise that queer theory would be able to make sexuality and desire central rather than peripheral to radical politics, this critique of queer and nonbinary youth scholarship pays special attention to the shift from LGBTQ studies in education to a queer and of color framework whose efforts to unveil liberatory possibilities are blocked by the given state of affairs—including a critical understanding of race, class, gender, and capitalism—and imagining what alternatives and futurities are possible for LGBTQ youth.
“The Only Orange Park Bench”
Authors: Fenaughty John , Cowie Lucy , Allen Louisa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Photo methods have been recognized as a queer research method with the capacity to uncover the mundane and ignored experiences of daily life. This study uncovered experiences of contradiction for LGBTIQA+ students at a university in Aotearoa New Zealand. The image of a lone orange bench (when other benches are brown) on the outskirts of campus captured one of these contradictions from a participant who declared campus was “welcoming” as a cisgender gay man. However, when later talking about what the bench represented, he explained it was like “queer students”: “It should be celebrated for its uniqueness, but actually, it was really isolated and alone.” Photos, and associated narratives, draw attention to cisheteronormativity’s more nuanced forms, including an absence of nonbinary bathrooms and queer spaces for LGBTIQA+ students and a cisheteronormative process for addressing discrimination. It is argued that a broader definition of, and response to, LGBTIQA+ discrimination is required.
A Hidden Past
Authors: Lincoln Bruce 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Eliade came to see the Legion as a messianic movement antithetic to all conventional politics, and in 1937 he began publishing articles of full-throated support. In these, he voiced admiration for the movement’s mystical spirituality and spirit of sacrifice, while largely ignoring its anti-Semitism and thuggish violence. A year later, when the Legion was suppressed, Eliade was arrested and sent to a concentration camp, but won release through the intervention of powerful friends, conditional on his renouncing the Legion. In subsequent years, he maintained a delicate balance that kept most people from knowing about his past, while leading legionaries to believe he remained faithful to the movement. In 1972, however, Theodor Lavi published a scathing “dossier,” charging him with legionary commitments and profound anti-Semitism, while quoting evidence from the then-unpublished journals of Mihail Sebastian. Gershom Scholem was drawn into the controversy and asked Eliade to explain himself, which he did so in evasionary fashion. A heated, but inconclusive debate followed, as other scholars picked up on the controversy.