bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep medullary vein damage correlates with small vessel disease in small vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Wang Xueyang , Lyu Jinhao , Duan Qi , Li Chenxi , Huang Jiayu , Meng Zhihua , Wu Xiaoyan , Chen Wen , Wang Guohua , Niu Qingliang , Li Xin , Bian Yitong , Han Dan , Guo Weiting , Yang Shuai , Bian Xiangbing , Lan Yina , Wang Liuxian , Zhang Tingyang , Duan Caohui , Lou Xin ,   on behalf of the MR-STARS Investigators
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
We aim to investigate whether cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) imaging markers correlate with deep medullary vein (DMV) damage in small vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke (SVO-AIS) patients.

Methods
The DMV was divided into six segments according to the regional anatomy. The total DMV score (0–18) was calculated based on segmental continuity and visibility. The damage of DMV was grouped according to the quartiles of the total DMV score. Neuroimaging biomarkers of cSVD including white matter hyperintensity (WMH), cerebral microbleed (CMB), perivascular space (PVS), and lacune were identified. The cSVD score were further analyzed.

Results
We included 229 SVO-AIS patients, the mean age was 63.7 ± 23.1 years, the median NIHSS score was 3 (IQR, 2–6). In the severe DMV burden group (the 4th quartile), the NIHSS score grade (6 (3–9)) was significantly higher than other groups (p < 0.01). The grade scores for basal ganglia PVS (BG-PVS) were positively correlated with the degree of DMV (R = 0.67, p < 0.01), rather than centrum semivole PVS (CS-PVS) (R = 0.17, p = 0.1). In multivariate analysis, high CMB burden (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 25.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.87–345.23) was associated with severe DMV scores. In addition, BG-PVS was related to severe DMV burden in a dose-dependent manner: when BG-PVS score was 3 and 4, the aORs of severe DMV burden were 18.5 and 12.19, respectively.

Conclusion
The DMV impairment was associated with the severity of cSVD, which suggests that DMV burden may be used for risk stratification in SVO-AIS patients.

Clinical relevance statement
The DMV damage score, based on the association between small vessel disease and the deep medullary veins impairment, is a potential new imaging biomarker for the prognosis of small vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke, with clinical management implications.

Key Points
• The damage to the deep medullary vein may be one mechanism of cerebral small vessel disease.
• Severe burden of the basal ganglia perivascular space and cerebral microbleed is closely associated with significant impairment to the deep medullary vein.
• The deep medullary vein damage score may reflect a risk of added vascular damage in small vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke patients.
Amelioration of NaCl stress on germination, growth, and nitrogen fixation of Vicia faba at isosmotic Na–Ca combinations and Rhizobium
Authors: Danial Amal W. , Basset Refat Abdel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMain conclusionThe Na+/Ca2+ratio of 1/5 ameliorated the inhibitory action of NaCl and improved the germination and growth ofVicia faba.Addition of Rhizobium also enhanced nodulation and nitrogen fixation.AbstractCasting light upon the impact of salinity stress on growth and nitrogen fixation ofVicia fabasupplemented withRhizobiumhas been traced in this work. How Ca2+antagonizes Na+toxicity and osmotic stress of NaCl was also targeted in isosmotic combinations of NaCl and CaCl2having various Na+:Ca2+ratios. Growth ofViciafaba(cultivar Giza 3) was studied at two stages: germination and seedling. At both experiments, seeds or seedlings were exposed to successively increasing salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl) as well as isosmotic combinations of NaCl and CaCl2(Na+:Ca2+of 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:18, and 1: 20), equivalent to 150 mM NaCl. Inocula of the local nitrogen-fixing bacteria,Rhizobium leguminosarum(OP715892) were supplemented at both stages. NaCl salinity exerted a negative impact on growth and metabolism ofVicia faba; inhibition was proportional with increasing salinity level up to the highest level of 200 mM. Seed germination, shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll content, and nodules (number, weight, leghemoglobin, respiration, and nitrogenase activity) were inhibited by salinity. Ca2+substitution for Na+, particularly at a Na/Ca ratio of 1:5, was stimulatory to almost all parameters at both stages. Statistical correlations between salinity levels and Na/Ca combinations proved one of the four levels (strong- or weak positive, strong- or weak negative) with most of the investigated parameters, depending on the parameter.
Nerves and availability of mesodermal cells are essential for the function of the segment addition zone (SAZ) during segment regeneration in polychaete annelids
Authors: Boilly Benoni , Hondermarck Hubert , Aguado M. Teresa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMost of annelids grow all over their asexual life through the continuous addition of segments from a special zone called “segment addition zone” (SAZ) adjacent to the posterior extremity called pygidium. Amputation of posterior segments leads to regeneration (posterior regeneration-PR) of the pygidium and a new SAZ, as well as new segments issued from this new SAZ. Amputation of anterior segments leads some species to regeneration (anterior regeneration-AR) of the prostomium and a SAZ which produces new segments postero-anteriorly as during PR. During the 1960s and 1970s decades, experimental methods on different species (Syllidae, Nereidae, Aricidae) showed that the function of SAZ depends on the presence and number of mesodermal regeneration cells. Selective destruction of mesodermal regeneration cells in AR had no effect on the regeneration of the prostomium, but as for PR, it inhibited segment regeneration. Thus, worms deprived of mesodermal regeneration cells are always able to regenerate the pygidium or the prostomium, but they are unable to regenerate segments, a result which indicates that the SAZ functions only if these regeneration cells are present during PR or AR. Additionally, during AR, nerve fibres regenerate from the cut nerve cord toward the newformed brain, a situation which deprives the SAZ of local regenerating nerve fibres and their secreted growth factors. In contrast, during PR, nerve fibres regenerate both during the entire regeneration phase and then in normal growth. This review summarizes the experimental evidence for mesoderm cell involvement in segment regeneration, and the differential impact of the digestive tube and the regenerated nerve cord during PR vs AR.
Metabolomics and lipidomics signature in celiac disease: a narrative review
Authors: Rostami-Nejad Mohammad , Asri Nastaran , Bakhtiari Sajjad , Khalkhal Ensieh , Maleki Sepehr , Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa , Jahani-Sherafat Somayeh , Rostami Kamran 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCeliac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the small intestine caused by aberrant immune responses to consumed gluten proteins. CD is diagnosed by a combination of the patients reported symptoms, serologic and endoscopic biopsy evaluation of the small intestine; and adherence to a strict gluten-free diet (GFD) is considered the only available therapeutic approach for this disorder. Novel approaches need to be considered for finding new biomarkers to help this disorder diagnosis and finding a new alternative therapeutic method for this group of patients. Metabolomics and lipidomics are powerful tools to provide highly accurate and sensitive biomarkers. Previous studies indicated a metabolic fingerprint for CD deriving from alterations in gut microflora or intestinal permeability, malabsorption, and energy metabolism. Moreover, since CD is characterized by increased intestinal permeability and due to the importance of membrane lipid components in controlling barrier integrity, conducting lipidomics studies in this disorder is of great importance. In the current study, we tried to provide a critical overview of metabolomic and lipidomic changes in CD.
Assessment of activity and heart rate as indicators for acute stress in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Bloecher Nina , Hedger Richard , Finstad Bengt , Olsen Rolf Erik , Økland Finn , Svendsen Eirik , Rosten Carolyn , Føre Martin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess whether activity and heart rate sensor implants can be used to measure stress and thus estimate one important welfare indicator for fish in aquaculture pens, and if such measurements correlate to physiological factors measured through blood sampling. The experiment consisted of two parts: i) a bio-logger study where implanted sensors were used to monitor activity and heart rates for fish undergoing stress (crowding); and ii) an analysis of blood constituents (cortisol, glucose, lactate, and chloride) of a second group of fish undergoing the same treatment. We found that activity measurements can be used to track high-impact stress events but may not be suitable to discern possibly nuanced reactions to stress impacts of lower magnitude. While heart rate was measured reliably, e.g., in showing clear circadian rhythms, it was no credible proxy for predicting stress in this study. Our results thus underline challenges observed in previous work around the use of heart rate as stress indicator, and imply that the translation of its meaning into a proxy for stress needs further work. Although tag-based monitoring of stress is not without its difficulties, studies such as this provide a wealth of information on salmon behaviour and physiology, and the links between these.
Feeding habits of two shark species: velvet belly, Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758) and blackmouth catshark, Galeus melastomus (Rafinesque, 1810), present in fishing discards in the Gulf of Cádiz
Authors: Rodríguez-García Carlos , Gonçalves Neto José Belquior , García-Romero Cinthya , Domínguez-Bustos Ángel Rafael , Cabrera-Castro Remedios 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn many fisheries, such as trawl fisheries, sharks appear among the catches as bycatch or discards, and these species include velvet belly (Etmopterus spinax) and blackmouth catshark (Galeus melastomus). The objective of this study was to research the feeding habits of both species in the Gulf of Cádiz and to identify possible differences in diet depending on size and time of day. The most frequent sizes were 12–16 cm for E. spinax and 14–20 cm for G. melastomus. Both species preyed mainly on euphausiaceans and teleosts; their Index of Relative Importance (IRI) per species were as follows: E. spinax 42.30% IRI, 21.66% IRI; G. melastomus 52.33% IRI, 27.26% IRI, respectively. Only Etmopterus spinax showed significant variation in diet as a function of the time of day (p < 0.05), although both species showed similar patterns of feeding throughout the day. With respect to size, E. spinax consumes more cephalopods and teleosts as its size increases, while G. melastomus increases its consumption of decapods.
Dynamic sloshing in a rectangular vessel with porous baffles
Authors: Turner M. R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe damping efficiency of vertical porous baffles is investigated for a dynamically coupled fluid-vessel system. The system comprises of a two-dimensional vessel, with a rectangular cross-section, partially filled with fluid, undergoing rectilinear motions with porous baffles obstructing the fluid motion. The baffles pierce the surface of the fluid, thus the problem can be considered as separate fluid filled regions of the vessel, connected by infinitely thin porous baffles, at which transmission conditions based on Darcy’s law are applied. The fluid is assumed to be inviscid, incompressible and irrotational such that the flow in each region is governed by a velocity potential. The application of Darcy’s law at the baffles is significant as it makes the system non-conservative, and thus the resulting characteristic equation for the normal modes leads to damped modes coupled to the moving vessel. Numerical evaluations of the characteristic equation show that the lowest frequency mode typically has the smallest decay rate, and hence will persist longest in an experimental setup. The maximum decay rate of the lowest frequency mode occurs when the baffles split the vessel into identically sized regions.
Coregularity of Fano varieties
Authors: Moraga Joaquín 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe absolute regularity of a Fano variety, denoted by $$\hat{\textrm{reg}}(X)$$

reg
^

(
X
)

, is the largest dimension of the dual complex of a log Calabi–Yau structure on X. The absolute coregularity is defined to be $$\begin{aligned} \hat{\textrm{coreg}}(X):= \dim X - \hat{\textrm{reg}}(X)-1. \end{aligned}$$

coreg
^

(
X
)

:
=
dim
X
-

reg
^

(
X
)

-
1
.

The coregularity is the complementary dimension of the regularity. We expect that the coregularity of a Fano variety governs, to a large extent, the geometry of X. In this note, we review the history of Fano varieties, give some examples, survey some theorems, introduce the coregularity, and propose several problems regarding this invariant of Fano varieties.
Density of the Level Sets of the Metric Mean Dimension for Homeomorphisms
Authors: Acevedo Jeovanny M. , Romaña Sergio , Arias Raibel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLetNbe ann-dimensional compact riemannian manifold, with$$n\ge 2$$n≥2. In this paper, we prove that for any$$\alpha \in [0,n]$$α∈[0,n], the set consisting of homeomorphisms onNwith lower and upper metric mean dimensions equal to$$\alpha $$αis dense in$$\text {Hom}(N)$$Hom(N). More generally, given$$\alpha ,\beta \in [0,n]$$α,β∈[0,n], with$$\alpha \le \beta $$α≤β, we show the set consisting of homeomorphisms onNwith lower metric mean dimension equal to$$\alpha $$αand upper metric mean dimension equal to$$\beta $$βis dense in$$\text {Hom}(N)$$Hom(N). Furthermore, we also give a proof that the set of homeomorphisms with upper metric mean dimension equal tonis residual in$$\text {Hom}(N)$$Hom(N).
Protocols for Co-Culture Phenotypic Assays with Breast Cancer Cells and THP-1-Derived Macrophages
Authors: Mazan Alicja , Marusiak Anna A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTumor mass comprises not only cancer cells but also heterogeneous populations of immune and stromal cells, along with the components of the extracellular matrix, collectively called the tumor microenvironment (TME). This diverse population of cells can communicate with each other, which can positively or negatively affect tumor growth and progression to malignancy. The most common type of immune cells in the TME are macrophages. Macrophages continuously differentiate into a broad landscape of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in response to numerous signals from the TME, which makes studies on TAMs quite challenging. Therefore, implementing reliable protocols is a milestone for drawing consistent conclusions about the interactions between cancer cells and TAMs. Here, we provide the details for the polarization of a human leukemia monocytic cell line, THP-1, into M0, M1 and M2 macrophages. We also present a step-by-step protocol for a transwell co-culture using a human breast cancer cell line, HCC1806, and THP-1-derived macrophages. Finally, we describe the colony formation and migration assays performed on the breast cancer cells after the co-culture with macrophages to measure the influence of macrophages on the oncogenic features of cancer cells. In summary, our co-culture-based protocols can be a valuable resource for investigating the interactions between macrophages and cancer cells.
Integrating the functions and structures to assess ecological network sustainability under climate change scenarios
Authors: Sun Hui , Yin Haiwei , Kong Fanhua , Shen Zhou , Su Jie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Context
Developing ecological networks (ENs) is a widely acknowledged conservation strategy for mitigating habitat fragmentation and ecosystem degradation. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the sustainability of the ENs before or after their development in order to maintain their functions and ecosystem service. While most previous studies have explored ENs based on ecosystem service evaluation and structure construction, the functions and structures of EN have rarely been integrally assessed under climate change scenarios.

Objective
Taking the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration as the study area, we aim to assess the future sustainability of the current EN under multiple climate change scenarios by integrating its functions and structures.

Methods
Ten scenarios were constructed, including a current scenario and nine future climate scenarios. Ecological sources were derived from the importance of the ecosystem service, and were used to develop EN by using the Linkage mapper toolbox. We then used the range difference between current and future ecological sources to indicate the functional sustainability of the current EN. The NetworkX was used to assess the EN structural stability by integrating the EN functional sustainability.

Results
The capacity of 6.23% of the current ecological sources is projected to decline in efficiently providing ecosystem services by 2050 under the selected nine future climate scenarios, and these functional degradations will also lead to a 33.55% decrease in the EN structural stability. Poor, low, and medium functional sustainable sources will be mostly located in forests and water bodies of the central YRDUA with a small average patch area, while high functional sustainable sources will be mainly distributed in the southwestern mountainous regions and water areas in the north-central region with a larger average patch area.

Conclusion
Our study provides a prospective assessment of EN, which is particularly crucial for enhancing ecological strategies and ensuring landscape sustainability. Constructing future climate scenarios and integrally assessing EN functional sustainability and structural stability can provide effective information for long-term EN management.
Understanding residents’ perspectives on cultural ecosystem service supply, demand and subjective well-being in rapidly urbanizing landscapes: a case study of peri-urban Shanghai
Authors: Xia Zheyi , Wang Yi , Lu Qingling , Shen Zhen , Liu Kui , Wei Xue , Yuan Chengcheng , Gao Yang , Liu Liming 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Context
Cultural ecosystem services (CESs) play a critical role in maintaining and improving human well-being in rapidly urbanizing landscapes. Few empirical studies, however, have comprehensively identified and revealed the interactions between urbanization, CES supply, CES demand, and subjective well-being (SWB).

Objectives
The study aimed to understand human–ecosystem interactions from a bottom-up perspective through an analysis of residents’ perceived supply and demand of CESs and SWB at different urbanization levels.

Methods
Questionnaire surveys including public participation GIS were adopted to obtain residents’ perceived provision of CESs, importance of CESs and SWB in a peri-urban area of Shanghai. Multiple statistical and spatial analyses were performed to uncover their relationships.

Results
Residents identified cultural heritage and education as the highest supply of CES, whereas aesthetic and recreation were of the highest demand. Urbanization had a significant negative correlation with the supply of recreation, aesthetic, education and social interaction but had a significant positive correlation with the supply of cultural heritage. The demands of recreation and social interaction were significantly lower in areas with moderate urbanization level. In these areas, CESs were dominated by high supply–low demand and low-degree matches, whereas residents’ SWB was lower.

Conclusions
The variations of the CES–SWB relationship in our study indicate the development trajectory of social–ecological systems in the context of urbanization. Thus, policies adapted to local conditions are needed to foster landscape sustainability in rapidly urbanizing areas.
A Review of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation and the Pathogenesis of Congenital Hydrocephalus
Authors: Zhang Mingzhao , Hu Xiangjun , Wang Lifeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe brain’s ventricles are filled with a colorless fluid known as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). When there is an excessive accumulation of CSF in the ventricles, it can result in high intracranial pressure, ventricular enlargement, and compression of the surrounding brain tissue, leading to potential damage. This condition is referred to as hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus is classified into two categories: congenital and acquired. Congenital hydrocephalus (CH) poses significant challenges for affected children and their families, particularly in resource-poor countries. Recognizing the psychological and economic impacts is crucial for developing interventions and support systems that can help alleviate the distress and burden faced by these families. As our understanding of CSF production and circulation improves, we are gaining clearer insights into the causes of CH. In this article, we will summarize the current knowledge regarding CSF circulation pathways and the underlying causes of CH. The main causes of CH include abnormalities in the FoxJ1 pathway of ventricular cilia, dysfunctions in the choroid plexus transporter Na+-K+-2Cl- contransporter isoform 1, developmental abnormalities in the cerebral cortex, and structural abnormalities within the brain. Understanding the causes of CH is indeed crucial for advancing research and developing effective treatment strategies. In this review, we will summarize the findings from existing studies on the causes of CH and propose potential research directions to further our understanding of this condition.
Intervention for a correct medication list and medication use in older adults: a non-randomised feasibility study among inpatients and residents during care transitions
Authors: Al Musawi Ahmed , Hellström Lina , Axelsson Malin , Midlöv Patrik , Rämgård Margareta , Cheng Yuanji , Eriksson Tommy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Medication discrepancies in care transitions and medication non-adherence are problematic. Few interventions consider the entire process, from the hospital to the patient’s medication use at home.

Aim
In preparation for randomised controlled trials (RCTs), this study aimed (1) to investigate the feasibility of recruitment and retention of patients, and data collection to reduce medication discrepancies at discharge and improve medication adherence, and (2) to explore the outcomes of the interventions.

Method
Participants were recruited from a hospital and a residential area. Hospital patients participated in a pharmacist-led intervention to establish a correct medication list upon discharge and a follow-up interview two weeks post-discharge. All participants received a person-centred adherence intervention for three to six months. Discrepancies in the medication lists, the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ-S), and the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) were assessed.

Results
Of 87 asked to participate, 35 were included, and 12 completed the study. Identifying discrepancies, discussing discrepancies with physicians, and performing follow-up interviews were possible. Conducting the adherence intervention was also possible using individual health plans for medication use. Among the seven hospital patients, 24 discrepancies were found. Discharging physicians agreed that all discrepancies were errors, but only ten were corrected in the discharge information. Ten participants decreased their total BMQ-S concern scores, and seven increased their total MARS-5 scores.

Conclusion
Based on this study, conducting the two RCTs separately may increase the inclusion rate. Data collection was feasible. Both interventions were feasible in many aspects but need to be optimised in upcoming RCTs.