bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma on pleural effusion cytology: Report of a case
Authors: Dettrick Andrew J. , Robertson Thomas , Morris Kirk L. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractGranulocytic sarcoma is a rare manifestation of myeloid leukemia and is even rarer as a primary presentation. Granulocytic sarcoma may affect any organ and has many modes of presentation. Diagnosis by cytology is possible as long as the diagnosis is considered. Diagnosis by cytology of body cavity effusion fluid has rarely been described. We present an unusual case of granulocytic sarcoma in which pleural effusion was a part of the initial presentation. Cytologic examination of the pleural effusion was able to make the definitive diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:126–128. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle sampling in malignant phyllodes tumors: Clinicopathologic study of 22 cases seen at the Institut Curie
Authors: Vladescu Teodora , Klijanienko Jerzy , Caillaud Jean‐Michel , Lagacé Réal , Vielh Philippe 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe preoperative cytological diagnosis of malignant phyllodes tumor (MPT) is challenging due to the heterogeneity of its clinical, radiological, and morphological presentation. To better define the cytopathological characteristics of MPT, we reviewed 22 examples seen at the Institut Curie. The original cytologic diagnosis was benign breast tumor in four cases (18.2%), suspicious in seven cases (31.8%) (low‐grade phyllodes tumor in six cases needing histological evaluation, suspicious of sarcoma in one case), and malignant in 11 cases (50%). Smears were composed of different proportions of clusters of epithelial cells (68.2%), phyllodes fragments (31.8%), spindle cells within stromal tissue (31.8%), isolated spindle‐shaped or round cells (45.5%), and bipolar naked nuclei (22.7%). Giant cells and mitotic figures were also occasionally seen. The cytological findings on smears were correlated with histopathological observations. One of the difficulties to reach an accurate cytological diagnosis for MPT is the frequent overwhelming of clearly malignant sarcomatous cell by the presence of largely predominant clusters of epithelial cell. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:71–76. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic diagnosis of invasive lobular carcinoma: Factors associated with negative and equivocal diagnoses
Authors: Hwang Sonya , Ioffe Olga , Lee Irene , Waisman Jerry , Cangiarella Joan , Simsir Aylin 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is associated with notoriously high rates of false negative and equivocal diagnoses. To identify causative factors, we reviewed the cytologic features of presurgical FNAB smears of ILC and correlated the cytologic findings with the number of passes, tumor size, mammographic findings, and the histologic characteristics of the tumor. Smear cellularity, presence of single intact epithelial cells, nuclear size, nuclear atypia, palpability of the tumor, and histologic type of ILC (classic versus nonclassic) were statistically significant in establishing an unequivocally positive diagnosis. We also found that the cytologic cellularity of the lesion does not reflect the actual cellularity of the tumor but instead is an indicator of the architectural arrangement of the neoplastic cells; tumors that form epithelial cell groups, such as in nonclassic ILC, tend to yield more cellular aspirates that are diagnostic for carcinoma. In contrast, classic ILC, in which single neoplastic cells are embedded in fibrous stroma, is more likely to yield a paucicellular smear with subtle atypia and rare single intact epithelial cells. As such, an inconclusive diagnosis in a certain percentage of classic ILC cases may be unavoidable. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:87–93. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyst fluid analysis for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cysts
Authors: Ryu Ji Kon , Woo Sang Myung , Hwang Jin‐Hyeok , Jeong Ji Bong , Yoon Yong Bum , Park In Ae , Han Joon Koo , Kim Yong‐Tae 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPancreatic cystic neoplasms comprise a pathologically heterogeneous group with many shared clinical features. We assessed the reliability of cyst fluid analysis for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cysts. Cyst fluid was obtained by fine‐needle aspiration from 78 pancreatic cysts. The lesions studied consisted of 17 mucinous cystic tumors (MCTs), 13 serous cystadenomas (SCAs), 5 solid pseudopapillary tumors (SPTs), 8 intraductal papillary mucinous tumors (IPMTs), 6 ductal adenocarcinomas (ACAs) with cystic degeneration, and 29 pseudocysts (PCs). Epithelial cells were observed in 27 (81%) of 33 successful aspirates of cystic neoplasms. Cytologic diagnosis was possible in 5 (31%) out of 16 MCTs. Mucicarmine staining was positive in five out of nine MCTs, one out of one ACA, and one out of two IPMTs, but in none of the SCAs, SPTs, or PCs. Cyst fluid carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels of more than 467 ng/mL had a 87% sensitivity and a 98% specificity for detecting MCTs, and amylase levels of more than 479 U/L had a 73% sensitivity and a 90% specificity for detecting PCs. In conclusion, cyst fluid analysis for cytology, mucin staining, CEA, and amylase levels are useful in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cysts. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:100–105. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytopathology of chalazia
Authors: Dhaliwal Upreet , Arora Vinod K. , Singh Navjeevan , Bhatia Arati 
Published: July 2004

AbstractChalazion is a common inflammatory condition of the eyelid, usually treated on the basis of clinical diagnosis alone. Preoperative exclusion of malignancy in chalazia with atypical clinical presentation could prevent unwarranted surgery. This is a retrospective study of aspirates from 16 patients with chalazia having an atypical clinical presentation. Smears were stained with May‐Grünwald Giemsa. Two broad patterns of granulomatous inflammation reflecting the spectrum of changes in the course of the disease were seen. Nine smears had mixed‐cell granulomas consisting of neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, giant cells, and granulation tissue. Seven smears had suppurating granulomas characterized by epithelioid cell granulomas with numerous neutrophils in a proteinaceous background. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of chalazia with atypical clinical presentation provides a rapid, safe, and reliable means of documenting the diagnosis and excluding malignancy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:118–122. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How stereotactic core‐needle biopsy affected breast fine‐needle aspiration utilization: An 11‐year institutional review
Authors: Xie H. Bill , Salhadar Alia , Haara Amy , Gabram Sheryl , Selvaggi Suzanne M. , Wojcik Eva M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTo determine the effect of stereotactic core‐needle biopsy (SCNB) on the utilization of breast fine‐needle aspirate (FNA) biopsy, we retrospectively reviewed 1,568 cases of breast FNAs that were obtained from 1,188 patients between the years 1990 and 2000. There were 378 positive and atypical cases and 497 negative and unsatisfactory cases in the pre‐SCNB group (between 1990 and 1996; 7 years); and 225 positive and atypical cases and 468 negative and unsatisfactory cases in the post‐SCNB group (between 1997 and 2000; 4 years). The average number of cases per year in the pre‐ and post‐SCNB groups was 125 and 173, respectively. While the average positive/atypical cases per year in both groups remained relatively constant, the average negative/unsatisfactory cases per year were significantly increased in the post‐SCNB group (117 in the post‐SCNB vs. 71 in the pre‐SCNB). The increase in this group was due to a true increase in the negative diagnoses, since unsatisfactory rate decreased in the post‐SCNB group (12.6% in the post‐SCNB vs. 9.3% in the pre‐SCNB). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 90%, 79%, 92%, and 82% in the pre‐SCNB group and 93%, 86%, 91%, and 90% for the post‐SCNB group, respectively. In conclusion, the implementation of SCNB did not result in a decrease in the total number of breast FNAs; however, the distribution of cases changed. FNA is increasingly used to complete the triple test in clinically and radiographically negative cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:106–110. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeted insertion of an IRES Cre into the Hnf4α locus: Cre‐mediated recombination in the liver, kidney, and gut epithelium
Authors: Vincent Stéphane D. , Robertson Elizabeth J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSummary: The Hnf4α gene belongs to a family of trancriptional regulators required for liver development and function. Hnf4α is also expressed in other tissues, including the newly formed visceral endoderm of the early postimplantation embryo, and later in embryogenesis in the gut epithelium and the kidney. The regulatory sequences involved in controlling expression of Hnf4α at these diverse sites are not clearly understood. Here we used homologous recombination to introduce Cre recombinase coding sequences into the endogenous Hnf4α locus. Crossing Hnf4αCreex2/+ mice with R26R partners allowed us to follow the pattern of Cre‐mediated recombination. Our results show that recombination of the reporter allele closely follows endogenous Hnf4α expression, but with a slight temporal delay. Thus, the Hnf4αCreex2 strain should prove useful for conditionally deleting gene activity in the liver, gut epithelium, or kidney. genesis 39:206–211, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Musical training‐induced functional reorganization of the adult brain: Functional magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation study on amateur string players
Authors: Kim Dong‐Eog , Shin Min‐Jung , Lee Kyoung‐Min , Chu Kon , Woo Sung Ho , Kim Young Ro , Song Eun‐Cheol , Lee Jun‐Won , Park Seong‐Ho , Roh Jae‐Kyu 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe used the combined technique of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to observe changes that occur in adult brains after the practice of stringed musical instruments. We carried out fMRI on eight volunteers (aged 20–22 years): five novices and three individuals who had discontinued practice for more than 5 years. The motor paradigm contained a repetitive lift‐abduction/fall‐adduction movement of the left/right little finger, carried out with maximum efforts without pacing. The sensory paradigm was to stimulate the same little finger using a string. In parallel to the fMRI acquisition, TMS motor maps for the little finger were obtained using a frameless stereotactic neuronavigation system. After the baseline study, each participant began to learn a stringed instrument. Newly developed fMRI activations for the left little finger were observed 6 months after practice at multiple brain regions including inferior parietal lobule, premotor area (PMA), left precuneus, right anterior superior temporal gyrus, and posterior middle temporal gyrus. In contrast, new activations were rarely observed for the right little finger. The TMS study revealed new motor representation sites for the left little finger in the PMA or supplementary motor area (SMA). Unexpectedly, TMS motor maps for the right little finger were reduced significantly. Among new fMRI activations for sensory stimuli of the left little finger, the cluster of highest activation was located in the SMA. Collectively, these data provide insight into orchestrated reorganization of the sensorimotor and temporal association cortices contributing to the skillful fingering and musical processing after the practice of playing stringed instruments. Hum. Brain Mapping 23:188–199, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Technically the king can do wrong in reorganizing insolvent corporations: evidence from Canada
Authors: Ben‐Ishai Stephanie 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTaken together the international move from liquidation to reorganization‐based bankruptcy regimes and the international move to abolish Crown priority in bankruptcy provide Canada with an opportunity to rethink Crown priority in bankruptcy. This paper makes the case that abolishing Crown priority in bankruptcy in Canada is optimal given a revaluation of traditional normative claims surrounding Crown priority in the context of a bankruptcy system that favours reorganization when possible. While this paper focuses on Canada, it engages in a normative assessment that may be useful for possible reforms to Crown priority in the United States and in other jurisdictions that, like Canada, have been influenced, not only by the English model, but also by the American bankruptcy and reorganization system. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The development of an expert system for managerial evaluation of internal controls
Authors: Changchit Chuleeporn , Holsapple Clyde W. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBoth practitioners and researchers have devoted signiﬁcant effort to the study of decision aids, especially expert systems, to assist auditors in internal control evaluations. In addition to being used as a decision aid, researchers have long contended that expert systems could be used to train non‐expert users. Even though the professional accounting literature makes it clear that responsibility for maintaining an effective internal control system rests with management rather than auditors, the focus to date has been on expert systems aimed at assisting/training auditors, not an organization's management. In contrast, this study focuses on management as users of an expert system for internal control evaluation. We describe the development process, explain how the resulting system was evaluated, and discuss results of that evaluation. These results suggest that such a system gives a new way to help managers increase effectiveness and efﬁciency of a critical organizational process: the evaluation of internal controls. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A knowledge‐based framework for incorporating investor's preference into portfolio decision‐making
Authors: Kim Chulsoo , Won Chaehwan 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis paper describes a framework for the integration of a rule‐based system capable of identifying an investor's risk preference into a quantitative portfolio model based on risk and expected return. By inferring rules consisting of an investor's objective and subjective risk preferences, the integrated methodology provides the assets suitable for the preferences. Through investment in the portfolio composed of the assets, the investor is able to obtain the following beneﬁts: reduction of costs and time spent to determine target assets, and alleviation of anxiety from ‘out‐of‐favor’ assets.The framework is applied to the development of a knowledge‐based portfolio system for constructing an investor's preference‐oriented portfolio. In the procedure of the system for ﬁnding an optimal portfolio, the system uses an artiﬁcial intelligence method of a case‐based reasoning to obtain preference thresholds for an investor when the investor's past investment records are available. Experimental results show that the framework contributes signiﬁcantly to the construction of a better portfolio from the perspective of an investor's beneﬁt/cost ratio than that produced by the existing portfolio models. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of impaired thyroid function during development on the mechanical properties of avian bone
Authors: Bonser R.H.C. , Deaton K.E. , Bishop C.M. , Butler P.J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThyroid hormones show fluctuating levels during the post‐hatching development of birds. In this paper we report the results of the first mechanical tests to quantify the effect of hypothyroidism, during post‐natal development, on the skeletal properties of a precocial bird, the barnacle goose, as determined by microhardness testing. The effect of hypothyroidism is tissue‐specific; bone from the femora of birds is not significantly affected by induced hypothyroidism, however, there is a strong positive relationship between the levels of circulating thyroid hormones and the mechanical properties of bone from humeri. In the barnacle goose the development of the wing skeleton and musculature depends on an increase in circulating thyroid hormones and our analysis shows that, in its absence, the mechanical competence of the bone mineral itself is reduced in addition to the decreased bone length and muscle development previously reported in the literature. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:636–641, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contribution of the submentalis muscle to feeding mechanics in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens
Authors: Wolff J. Brock , Lee Martin J. , Anderson Curtis W. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis study investigated the functional contributions of the submentalis muscle to the coordination of feeding behavior in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Additionally, the anatomical origins of the motor neurons innervating this muscle are identified and described. The m. submentalis is a small muscle connecting the distal mandibular tips. Depending upon the anuran species studied, this muscle contributes to mandibular bending and the degree to which the tongue is protracted, or has little or no role in feeding biomechanics. High‐speed videography was used to quantify feeding attempts before versus after bilateral denervation of the m. submentalis. Additionally, the terminal branch of the trigeminal nerve prior to innervating the m. submentalis was retrogradely labeled to identify the origins of motor neurons innervating the muscle. For the kinematic analyses, denervation of the submentalis resulted in significant increases in the time to maximum tongue protrusion, and the duration of tongue protrusion. Neither mandibular bending, nor tongue length variables differed significantly between normal conditions and deafferented conditions. However, when unsuccessful feeding attempts were quantified following the denervation, failed attempts were nearly always due to the tongue not reaching the prey. None of the unsuccessful feedings prior to denervation were due to inadequate tongue protrusion. Anatomical data show a much larger rostral‐caudal distribution of the trigeminal motor neurons than previously described for anurans. These data suggest a larger role for the submentalis muscle in Rana than in previously studied anurans with long protrusible tongues, and suggests a feedback mechanism from the trigeminal nerve to the nerves coordinating tongue protraction and retraction. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:666–673, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of opercular linkage disruption on prey‐capture kinematics in the teleost fish Sarotherodon melanotheron
Authors: Durie Christopher J. , Turingan Ralph G. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe kinematics of prey capture in blackchin tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) subjected to three experimental treatments (control, anesthetization, and opercular linkage disruption) were analyzed using high‐speed video to explore the role of the opercular four‐bar linkage in depressing the lower jaw in teleost fishes. A series of two‐way mixed model analyses of variance (random effects=fish; fixed effects=treatment) revealed that maximum gape, lower jaw angle, gape cycle, and time to lower jaw depression differed among treatments. Tukey post‐hoc comparisons revealed that the opercular linkage disruption treatment differed from the control and anesthetization treatments, suggesting that severing the opercular linkage affected the ability of fish to depress the lower jaw. We hypothesize that although the opercular four‐bar linkage system may not be the only linkage mechanism involved in depressing the lower jaw, it plays a very important role in opening the mouth during feeding in teleost fishes. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:642–653. 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunolocalization of Na+/K+‐ATPase, carbonic anhydrase II, and vacuolar H+‐ATPase in the gills of freshwater adult lampreys, Geotria australis
Authors: Choe Keith P. , O'Brien Siobhan , Evans David H. , Toop Tes , Edwards Susan L. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAs adults, anadromous lampreys migrate from seawater into freshwater rivers, where they require branchial ion (NaCl) absorption for osmoregulation. In teleosts and elasmobranchs, pharmological, immunohistochemical, and molecular data support roles for Na+/K+‐ATPase (NPPase), carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), and vacuolar H+‐ATPase (V‐ATPase) in two different models of branchial ion absorption. To our knowledge, these transport‐related proteins have not been studied in adult freshwater lampreys, and therefore it is not known if they are expressed, or have similar functions, in lampreys. The purpose of this study was to localize NPPase, CAII, and V‐ATPase in the gills of adult freshwater lampreys and determine if any of these transport‐related proteins are expressed in the same cells. Heterologous antibodies were used to localize the three proteins in gill tissue from pouched lamprey (Geotria australis). Immunoreactivity (IR) for all three proteins occurred between, and at the base of, lamellae in cells that match previous descriptions of mitochondrion‐rich‐cells (MRCs). NPPase‐IR was always on the basolateral side of cells that did not stain for CAII or V‐ATPase. In contrast, CAII‐IR was always on the apical side of cells that also contained diffuse V‐ATPase‐IR. Therefore, we have identified two types of MRC in adult freshwater lamprey gills based on immunohistochemical staining for three transport proteins. A model of ion transport, based on our results, is proposed for adult freshwater lampreys. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:654–665, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative evaluation of [99mTc(H2O)3(CO)3]+ precursor synthesized by conventional method and by using carbonyl kit
Authors: Satpati Drishty , Mallia Madhav , Kothari Kanchan , Pillai M.R.A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA comparison of the preparation of Tc carbonyl complexes of a few ligands of interest through the conventional method as well as by using the recently introduced carbonyl kit method is described. Synthesis of [99mTc(OH2)3(CO)3]+ precursor was carried out by the conventional method in which 99mTcO was reduced with sodium borohydride and carbonylated by purging CO gas. Tricarbonyl complexes of MIBI, TBI, isoniazid and mebrofenin were prepared using the above precursor under optimized conditions. [99mTc(OH2)3(CO)3]+ precursor was also synthesized by using the carbonyl kit and its utility for the synthesis of tricarbonyl complexes was studied by carrying out synthesis of complexes with the above ligands. For comparison, these complexes were first prepared under similar conditions optimized with conventional precursor in order to see the variation in the yields in the two different procedures. Characterization of the precursors as well as the respective tricarbonyl complexes was carried out by reverse phase HPLC using C18 column. It was observed that [99mTc(OH2)3(CO)3]+ precursor could be synthesized in high yields using the carbonyl kit, however, the reaction kinetics was found to be slow while using the kit precursor. In the case of TBI and MIBI, it was observed that increase in reaction time was essential to achieve good yields. A five‐fold increase in the ligand concentration was needed while using the carbonyl kit in order to get good complexation yields with isoniazid and mebrofenin. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.