bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEMS-based portable confocal Raman spectroscopy rapid imaging system
Authors: Zhang Guozhuo , Wang Xu , Zheng Dezhi , Cui Han , Wang Yun 
Published: October 2023

Aiming at the miniaturization and rapid imaging requirements of a portable confocal Raman system, a MEMS-based portable confocal Raman spectroscopy rapid imaging method is proposed in this study. This method combines the dual 2D MEMS mirror scanning method and the grid-by-grid scanning method. The dual 2D MEMS mirror scanning method is used for the miniaturization design of the system, and the grid-by-grid scanning method is used for rapid imaging of Raman spectroscopy. Finally, the rapid imaging and miniaturization design of a portable confocal Raman spectroscopy system are realized. Based on this method, a portable confocal Raman spectroscopy rapid imaging system with an optical probe size of just 98mm×70mm×40mm is constructed. The experimental results show that the imaging speed of the system is 45 times higher than that of the traditional point-scan confocal Raman system, and the imaging speed can be further improved according to the requirements. In addition, the system is used to swiftly identify agate ore, and the material composition distribution image over a 126µm2×126µm2 region is obtained in just 16 min. This method provides a new solution for the rapid imaging and miniaturization design of the confocal Raman system, as well as a new technical means for rapid detection in deep space exploration, geological exploration, and field detection.
Assessment of the functional state of the back muscles in girls with C-shaped low-grade scoliosis in a tensiomyographic image: An observational cross-sectional study
Authors: Szurmik Tomasz , Ogrodzka-Ciechanowicz Katarzyna , Kurzeja Piotr , Gąsienica-Walczak Bartłomiej , Prusak Jarosław , Bibrowicz Karol 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
The study aimed to test the feasibility of using tensiomyography to assess the functional status of the latissimus dorsi and erector spinae muscles in girls with C-shaped low back scoliosis.

Materials and methods
Twenty-five girls aged 13–15 took part in an observational (cross-sectional) study. The examination involved measurements using the tensiomyography method (TMG). Two groups of muscles were tested: latissimus dorsi and erector spinae on the concave and convex side of low-grade scoliosis. The following indicators were analyzed: Td–delay time, Tc–contraction time, and Dm–maximal muscle displacement.

Results
The analysis of Td revealed that values of this variable on the concave side were slightly lower compared to the convex side in both tested groups of muscles. Similarly, Tc values on the concave side were slightly lower than on the convex side of the curvature in both groups of muscles. In the case of Dm, lower displacement values and, consequently, greater muscle rigidity were observed on the concave side of the latissimus dorsi and the convex side of the erector spinae.

Conclusions
The TMG method can be potentially used to diagnose the functional condition of muscles in patients with low-grade scoliosis. There were differences between the functional condition of the muscles on the concave and convex sides of the curvature.
Acute, subchronic toxicity and genotoxicity studies of JointAlive, a traditional Chinese medicine formulation for knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Li Li , Mu Yanling , Wang Shanglong , Li Xin , Zong Jiancheng , Zou Shengcan , Liu Zimin , Gao Dehai 
Published: October 2023

Aim
In vivo and in vitro toxicity tests of JointAlive® were studied in animal models to support the safe use of JointAlive® as a drug for knee osteoarthritis treatment.

Methods
The acute toxicity study in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was conducted at a 20 g/kg bw/day dose of JointAlive®. For 13-week subchronic toxicity tests, SD rats were orally dosed daily with 0.5, 1.5 and 5 g/kg bw/day of JointAlive®. To assess the potential genotoxicity, Ames test, cellular chromosome aberration and mouse micronucleus test in vivo were carried out.

Results
Based on a lack of notable findings other than histopathology finding of co-incidental prostate inflammation at the high dose, the “No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)” of JointAlive® was concluded as 5 g/kg bw/day in males and females. Results also indicated that JointAlive® has no risk of genotoxicity.

Conclusions
General toxicity and genotoxicity studies empirically demonstrated that JointAlive® poses a low risk of potential health risks, providing safety supports for the application of JointAlive® as a potential drug candidate to treat knee osteoarthritis.
Tithes in the Long 10th Century
Authors: Patzold Steffen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

This article explores the question of how tithing rights in the dioceses of Freising and Mâcon developed between the ninth and eleventh centuries. I argue contrary to previous research that in these two dioceses, the tithes at local churches did not fall into the hands of the laity already in the Carolingian period, based on ideas of ‘Eigenkirchenrecht’. Instead, we can observe how, from the later ninth century onwards, bishops themselves detached tithing rights from baptismal churches and allocated them to other, minor churches, to foster them economically. In the course of the tenth century, bishops then also gave tithing rights – without any church – to laymen, in Freising at first usually in the context of exchanges. In the second half of the eleventh century, in documents from the diocese of Mâcon, tithes in lay hands were usually presented as a sinful result of alienation; they were ‘returned’ to the cathedral ( or bought back by the bishops ). In the course of this, however, tithing rights that actually had been allocated to baptismal churches in the ninth century, now passed into the hands of the cathedral chapter or the bishop.
Study on the influence of surface roughness on tensile and low-cycle fatigue behavior of electron beam melted Ti‐6Al‐4V
Authors: Yang Dongye , Si Ke , Tian Wenqi , Zhang Xinqi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Surface quality is a key factor in determining the mechanical performance of metallic materials. In this study, the influence of surface roughness on quasi-static mode tensile and low fatigue behavior of electron beam melted (EBMed) Ti‐6Al‐4V was studied. The results showed that the microstructure of the EBMed Ti‐6Al‐4V is mainly composed of α and β phases. It was found that the yield strength of the as-polished EBMed sample was about 200 MPa higher than the original EBMed sample, and the fatigue life was three times that. The fatigue crack initiation and propagation were explored, and it was found that the fatigue life was reduced on account of the thermal stress concentration that was generated as a result of the solidification shrinkage and the local stress concentration.
Malignant hyperthermia: Report on a successful rescue of a case with the highest temperature of 44.2°C
Authors: Lan Haiyan , Duan Gongchen , Zuo Yunxia , Lou Tianzheng , Xu Junlong , Shao Chuxiao , Wu Jimin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is an inherited skeletal muscle disorder caused primarily by a genetic mutation, usually in the calcium channel gene of the muscle. This mutation can lead to muscle hypersensitivity to volatile anesthetics (such as sevoflurane) and the depolarizing muscle relaxant succinylcholine, resulting in hyperthermia, muscle stiffness, metabolic disturbances, and other severe physiological reactions. This condition may prove fatal unless it is recognized in its early stages and treatment is administered promptly and aggressively. We report a 13-year-old adolescent who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy and developed MH after the use of inhalational anesthetics, manifested by unremitting hyperthermia with a maximum temperature of 44.2°C, muscle rigidity, tachycardia, hypercapnia; and malignant arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, hyperkalemia, metabolic, and respiratory acidosis. After early and timely recognition, multidisciplinary management and administration of dantrolene, the case was successfully treated. Exome sequencing revealed a point mutation (amino acid change) on the RYR1 gene: c.12700G>C(p.Val4234Leu). Due to the lack of ready-made dantrolene in our hospital, the patient in this case received dantrolene treatment only 6 h after the first observation of high body temperature. We review the development of the disease and summarize the success of treatment and what can be done to improve the chances of saving the patient’s life if dantrolene is not available in time.
Dopamine-Dependent Plasticity Is Heterogeneously Expressed by Presynaptic Calcium Activity across Individual Boutons of theDrosophilaMushroom Body
Authors: Davidson Andrew M. , Kaushik Shivam , Hige Toshihide 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTheDrosophilamushroom body (MB) is an important model system for studying the synaptic mechanisms of associative learning. In this system, coincidence of odor-evoked calcium influx and dopaminergic input in the presynaptic terminals of Kenyon cells (KCs), the principal neurons of the MB, triggers long-term depression (LTD), which plays a critical role in olfactory learning. However, it is controversial whether such synaptic plasticity is accompanied by a corresponding decrease in odor-evoked calcium activity in the KC presynaptic terminals. Here, we address this question by inducing LTD by pairing odor presentation with optogenetic activation of dopaminergic neurons (DANs). This allows us to rigorously compare the changes at the presynaptic and postsynaptic sites in the same conditions. By imaging presynaptic acetylcholine release in the condition where LTD is reliably observed in the postsynaptic calcium signals, we show that neurotransmitter release from KCs is depressed selectively in the MB compartments innervated by activated DANs, demonstrating the presynaptic nature of LTD. However, total odor-evoked calcium activity of the KC axon bundles does not show concurrent depression. We further conduct calcium imaging in individual presynaptic boutons and uncover the highly heterogeneous nature of calcium plasticity. Namely, only a subset of boutons, which are strongly activated by associated odors, undergo calcium activity depression, while weakly responding boutons show potentiation. Thus, our results suggest an unexpected nonlinear relationship between presynaptic calcium influx and the results of plasticity, challenging the simple view of cooperative actions of presynaptic calcium and dopaminergic input.
The HACE1 E3 ligase mediates RAC1‐dependent control of mTOR signaling complexes
Authors: Turgu Busra , El‐Naggar Amal , Kogler Melanie , Tortola Luigi , Zhang Hai‐Feng , Hassan Mariam , Lizardo Michael M , Kung Sonia HY , Lam Wan , Penninger Josef M , Sorensen Poul H 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHACE1 is a HECT family E3 ubiquitin–protein ligase with broad but incompletely understood tumor suppressor activity. Here, we report a previously unrecognized link between HACE1 and signaling complexes containing mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). HACE1 blocks mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities by reducing mTOR stability in an E3 ligase‐dependent manner. Mechanistically, HACE1 binds to and ubiquitylates Ras‐related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) when RAC1 is associated with mTOR complexes, including at focal adhesions, leading to proteasomal degradation of RAC1. This in turn decreases the stability of mTOR to reduce mTORC1 and mTORC2 activity. HACE1 deficient cells show enhanced mTORC1/2 activity, which is reversed by chemical or genetic RAC1 inactivation but not in cells expressing the HACE1‐insensitive mutant, RAC1K147R. In vivo, Rac1 deletion reverses enhanced mTOR expression in KRasG12D‐driven lung tumors of Hace1−/− mice. HACE1 co‐localizes with mTOR and RAC1, resulting in RAC1‐dependent loss of mTOR protein stability. Together, our data demonstrate that HACE1 destabilizes mTOR by targeting RAC1 within mTOR‐associated complexes, revealing a unique ubiquitin‐dependent process to control the activity of mTOR signaling complexes.
Morbimortalidad en pacientes con fracturas intertrocantéricas de cadera tratadas con clavos cefalomedulares. Valor predictivo del Índice de Movilidad de Parker
Authors: Garabano Germán , Taleb Juan Pablo , Cullari Matías Leonardo , Pérez Alamino Leonel , Pesciallo César Ángel 
Published: October 2023

Introducción: La fractura de cadera es un factor independiente que aumenta la morbimortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio retrospectivo fue determinar la morbimortalidad en ancianos con fracturas intertrocantéricas de cadera tratadas con clavos cefalomedulares.
Materiales y Métodos: Se analizó a pacientes tratados con clavo cefalomedular por fractura intertrocantérica de cadera, entre 2018 y 2021, y un seguimiento mínimo de 12 meses. Se registraron: datos demográficos, comorbilidades, capacidad funcional con el Índice de Movilidad de Parker, complicaciones y tasa de mortalidad a los 12 meses y al final del seguimiento. Se identificaron las variables independientes relacionadas con complicaciones o muerte.
Resultados: Se incluyó a 68 pacientes (seguimiento medio 23 meses). La tasa de complicaciones fue del 8,8%: infección urinaria, neumonía, trombosis venosa profunda y tres pérdidas de fijación del tornillo cefálico. Al comparar pacientes con complicaciones o sin ellas, hubo diferencias significativas en la edad cuando se produjo la fractura. Las tasas de mortalidad anual y al concluir el estudio fueron del 2,9% y29,4%, respectivamente. Las diferencias fueron significativas en la incidencia de comorbilidades renales, demencia, el Índice de Comorbilidad de Charlson >4 y el puntaje de Parker <5 en quienes fallecieron. El puntaje de Parker <5 fue la variable independiente relacionada con muerte.
Conclusiones: Las tasas de complicaciones y de mortalidad a los 12 meses del tratamiento de las fracturas intertrocantéricas inestables de cadera con clavos cefalomedulares es aceptable en ancianos. El riesgo de muerte aumenta significativamente si el puntaje de Parker es <5 antes de la fractura.
Profilaxis antibiótica extendida para pacientes sometidos a una artroplastia de cadera primaria: ¿disminuye el riesgo de infecciones periprotésicas?
Authors: Zalba Julieta , Donnari Emiliano , Poza Román Daiana Denise , Paschetta Arrue Abril María , Pirola Julieta Mariel , Alvez Ezequiel Christian , Di Fazio Sale Juan Pedro , Tellarini Bruno , Pesci Juan Pedro 
Published: October 2023

Introducción: La prevalencia de infecciones periprotésicas luego de una artroplastia total de cadera primaria es aproximadamente del 2%. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la tasa de infecciones periprotésicas agudas ante una profilaxis antibiótica extendida (7 días) y una profilaxis antibiótica estándar (24 h).
Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio clínico prospectivo, entre julio de 2021 y mayo de 2022, que incluyó a 28 adultos con fractura de cadera sometidos a una artroplastia primaria que recibieron profilaxis antibiótica con cefalosporinas de primera generación durante 7 días a quienes se comparó con 95 adultos con fracturas de cadera con una artroplastia primaria y profilaxis antibiótica de 24 h, extraídos de una base de datos secundaria del registro del hospital.
Resultados: La tasa de infecciones periprotésicas agudas fue del 10,71% en el grupo con profilaxis extendida y del 17,89% en quienes recibieron profilaxis estándar, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0,36).
Conclusiones: Si bien, según la bibliografía disponible, la prolongación de la profilaxis antibiótica puede ser una medida simple, segura y rentable para contrarrestar los factores no modificables del paciente y asíreducir las infecciones periprotésicas; en este estudio, no se demostró que la profilaxis antibiótica extendida disminuya la tasa de infecciones periprotésicas agudas a los 30 días en pacientes con artroplastias de cadera primarias.
Laos-China Cooperation in the Construction of High Speed Railway: A Perspective of Foreign Policy
Authors: Rizqiyah Emilda , Prasodjo Haryo , Pradana Hafid Adim 
Published: October 2023

This article addresses Laos' motivations for working with China on their proposed high-speed train and railway projects. Due to its lack of access to land channels, Laos chooses to conduct its commercial and tourism cooperation with China through the BRI initiative, which is China's foreign strategy in establishing relations with ASEAN nations. We use the theory of foreign policy (FPA) to address several justifications for Laos' participation in China's high-speed rail and fast train projects. We found five reasons why Laos should join China: First, China's location allows for communication with landlocked Laos through the construction of the Laos High Speed Railway; second, China's demographics can help Laos become more prosperous; third, Laos relies on China's natural resources to match the Lao population's consumption level; fourth, China's political system has improved bilateral ties with Laos giving Laos hope that long-term collaboration may be created with China through the construction of transportation infrastructure in the form of the China-Laos High-Speed Railway; and fifth, Laos's economic prowess can assist with commerce and provide funding for growth between Laos and China.
Evaluation of common bean genotypes against root rot complex pathogens in West Hararghe, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Abdela Usmael , Meseret Elias 
Published: October 2023

Common bean root rot caused by different fungal pathogens is an important disease affecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production and productivity. In Ethiopia, this disease has become one of the most destructive biotic constraints to common bean production. Information on common bean root rot disease management is lacking for the Ethiopian common bean production system in general and West Hararghe in particular. Therefore, in the 2018 main cropping season, a field experiment was performed on 19 common bean varieties in two research fields, the ‘Bareda and Oda Baso’ farmers’ training centers. The experiment was designed to evaluate the level of resistance of a common bean genotype against root rot complex pathogens under natural conditions using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) design with three replications. The levels of resistance were evaluated based on seedling emergence, disease incidence, and severity in parallel with grain yield data and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Based on the laboratory results, four pathogenic fungi, namely, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Phaseoli (F. o. f. sp. Phaseoli), Rhizoctonia solani (R. soni), Sclerotium rolfsii (S. rolfsii), and Macrophomina phaseolina (M. phaseolina), a Nematode sp., and stem maggot insect were identified. The combined analysis of variance showed very highly significant variation at (p < 0.0001) across the location. There was also very highly significant variation (p < 0.0001) among treatments except for seedling emergence, incidence, and severity, which were highly significant (p < 0.001). From the experiment, seven common bean varieties (Kufanzik, Roba, Hirna, SeR-125, Cranscope, Tinike, Awash-1) that showed resistance characteristics and two susceptible varieties (Choire and Argane) were selected and recommended.
Regional Policy of the Russian Railways in THE Context of Depopulation. Geopolitical and Socio- Demographic Aspects
Authors: Ter-Akopov A. A. , Bezverbny V. A. 
Published: October 2023

Railway transport have unique geopolitical and socio-economic importance for the Russian Federation, providing transport links between most regions, connecting the Asian and European parts with each other and some foreign countries, as well as holds together such a territorially large state as Russia in transport and socio-economic relation. In this regard, the problem of the development of transport systems in strategic regions of Russia, as well as the specifics of the regional policy of Russian Railways in the context of demographic problems and the geopolitical position of these territories, is becoming especially urgent. It is significant that the main connecting element of the infrastructure of the Asian part of the country is the rail transport. The research of the authors showed that the demographic and migration situation in the Russian regions is to a certain extent dependent on the density of the railway network. Then higher the density of railways, the more attractive regions in terms of migration are. And, on the contrary, in regions with a low density of railways, there is a steady trend of the migration outflow of the population. At the same time, demographic forecasts show that in the absence of promising infrastructure projects, negative trends in migration outflow and natural population decline are highly likely to continue, and, therefore, in the medium term, the population of the eastern regions will decline. In our opinion, for the effective spatial development of the territories of Siberia and the Far East, it is necessary to form a network of modern multimodal transport hubs and international transport corridors that take into account the climatic and demographic aspects of the development of the eastern territories of Russia. In addition, international competition for promising transport projects is constantly growing, which, given the low efficiency of the location of productive forces and the unused spatial potential of the Russian economy, becomes a significant geo-economic threat. The presented article examines the influence of the transport infrastructure level development for the system of settlement and trends in the socio-economic development of geostrategic territories of Russia; identified trends in the spatial and socio-economic development of the eastern territories located near the main railway lines; analyzed the demographic situation and migration trends in the eastern territories in the context of the personnel needs of the railway complex; strategic directions for the formation of personnel policy and replenishment of labor resources at Russian Railways have been developed. In addition, recommendations were developed to improve the efficiency of the spatial development of Siberia and the Far East based on the development of railway transport and promising projects for the formation of innovative transport systems.
Clinical, radiological and microbiological profile of patients with bronchiectasis in a tertiary care center in South Kerala
Authors: Sunny Stephen , Ninan Mathew 
Published: October 2023

Bronchiectasis is a common but neglected chronic lung disease. There is paucity of data from Southern India regarding the clinical, radiological and microbiological profile of patients with bronchiectasis. To study the clinical profile, radiological pattern and microbiological flora in patients with bronchiectasis in a tertiary care center in South Kerala. A descriptive cross-sectional study done in 41 patients over 1 year. This study comprised 41 patients, of whom 18 were males (44%) and 23 were females (56.1 %), with a predominant population pertaining to 61-70 years (51.2%). Majority were non-smokers (65%, N=27). Most common cause was post-TB bronchiectasis (34%, N=14). Predominant symptoms were cough (73.2%, N=30) and sputum production (70.7%, N=29), predominant clinical sign was crepitation (73.1%, N=30). Majority had PFT showing obstruction (60.97%, N=25), among which 48% (N=12) had severe obstruction. Radiologically, most common CT pattern was cystic bronchiectasis (46.3%, N=19), predominantly located in lower lobes (63.4%, N=26) with bilateral involvement (65.9%, N=27). was the most frequently isolated organism (43.9%, N=18) followed by (29.3, N=12).Most of our patients were females and post TB bronchiectasis was the leading cause of bronchiectasis. Cough and sputum production were the most common symptoms. was the commonest pathogen isolated from sputum samples. Spirometry showed obstructive pattern in majority of patients and cystic bronchiectasis being most common radiological pattern.