bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myosin-independent stiffness sensing by fibroblasts is regulated by the viscoelasticity of flowing actin
Authors: Mittal Nikhil , Michels Etienne B. , Massey Andrew E. , Qiu Yunxiu , Royer-Weeden Shaina P. , Smith Bryan R. , Cartagena-Rivera Alexander X. , Han Sangyoon J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe stiffness of the extracellular matrix induces differential tension within integrin-based adhesions, triggering differential mechanoresponses. However, it has been unclear if the stiffness-dependent differential tension is induced solely by myosin activity. Here, we report that in the absence of myosin contractility, 3T3 fibroblasts still transmit stiffness-dependent differential levels of traction. This myosin-independent differential traction is regulated by polymerizing actin assisted by actin nucleators Arp2/3 and formin where formin has a stronger contribution than Arp2/3 to both traction and actin flow. Intriguingly, despite only slight changes in F-actin flow speed observed in cells with the combined inhibition of Arp2/3 and myosin compared to cells with sole myosin inhibition, they show a 4-times reduction in traction than cells with myosin-only inhibition. Our analyses indicate that traditional models based on rigid F-actin are inadequate for capturing such dramatic force reduction with similar actin flow. Instead, incorporating the F-actin network’s viscoelastic properties is crucial. Our new model including the F-actin viscoelasticity reveals that Arp2/3 and formin enhance stiffness sensitivity by mechanically reinforcing the F-actin network, thereby facilitating more effective transmission of flow-induced forces. This model is validated by cell stiffness measurement with atomic force microscopy and experimental observation of model-predicted stiffness-dependent actin flow fluctuation.
Giant offshore pumice deposit records a shallow submarine explosive eruption of ancestral Santorini
Authors: Druitt Tim , Kutterolf Steffen , Ronge Thomas A. , Hübscher Christian , Nomikou Paraskevi , Preine Jonas , Gertisser Ralf , Karstens Jens , Keller Jörg , Koukousioura Olga , Manga Michael , Metcalfe Abigail , McCanta Molly , McIntosh Iona , Pank Katharina , Woodhouse Adam , Beethe Sarah , Berthod Carole , Chiyonobu Shun , Chen Hehe , Clark Acacia , DeBari Susan , Johnston Raymond , Peccia Ally , Yamamoto Yuzuru , Bernard Alexis , Perez Tatiana Fernandez , Jones Christopher , Joshi Kumar Batuk , Kletetschka Günther , Li Xiaohui , Morris Antony , Polymenakou Paraskevi , Tominaga Masako , Papanikolaou Dimitrios , Wang Kuo-Lung , Lee Hao-Yang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLarge explosive volcanic eruptions from island arcs pour pyroclastic currents into marine basins, impacting ecosystems and generating tsunamis that threaten coastal communities and infrastructures. Risk assessments require robust records of such highly hazardous events, which is challenging as most of the products lie buried under the sea. Here we report the discovery by IODP Expedition 398 of a giant rhyolitic pumice deposit emplaced 520 ± 10 ky ago at water depths of 200 to 1000 m during a high-intensity, shallow submarine eruption of ancestral Santorini Volcano. Pyroclastic currents discharged into the sea transformed into turbidity currents and slurries, forming a >89 ± 8 km3volcaniclastic megaturbidite up to 150 m thick in the surrounding marine basins, while breaching of the sea surface by the eruption column laid down veneers of ignimbrite on three islands. The eruption is one of the largest recorded on the South Aegean Volcanic Arc, and highlights the hazards from submarine explosive eruptions.
Systematic discovery of protein interaction interfaces using AlphaFold and experimental validation
Authors: Lee Chop Yan , Hubrich Dalmira , Varga Julia K , Schäfer Christian , Welzel Mareen , Schumbera Eric , Djokic Milena , Strom Joelle M , Schönfeld Jonas , Geist Johanna L , Polat Feyza , Gibson Toby J , Keller Valsecchi Claudia Isabelle , Kumar Manjeet , Schueler-Furman Ora , Luck Katja 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStructural resolution of protein interactions enables mechanistic and functional studies as well as interpretation of disease variants. However, structural data is still missing for most protein interactions because we lack computational and experimental tools at scale. This is particularly true for interactions mediated by short linear motifs occurring in disordered regions of proteins. We find that AlphaFold-Multimer predicts with high sensitivity but limited specificity structures of domain-motif interactions when using small protein fragments as input. Sensitivity decreased substantially when using long protein fragments or full length proteins. We delineated a protein fragmentation strategy particularly suited for the prediction of domain-motif interfaces and applied it to interactions between human proteins associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. This enabled the prediction of highly confident and likely disease-related novel interfaces, which we further experimentally corroborated for FBXO23-STX1B, STX1B-VAMP2, ESRRG-PSMC5, PEX3-PEX19, PEX3-PEX16, and SNRPB-GIGYF1 providing novel molecular insights for diverse biological processes. Our work highlights exciting perspectives, but also reveals clear limitations and the need for future developments to maximize the power of Alphafold-Multimer for interface predictions.
Bacteria colonization in tumor microenvironment creates a favorable niche for immunogenic chemotherapy
Authors: Lim See-Khai , Lin Wen-Ching , Huang Sin-Wei , Pan Yi-Chung , Hu Che-Wei , Mou Chung-Yuan , Hu Che-Ming Jack , Mou Kurt Yun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) presents differential selective pressure (DSP) that favors the growth of cancer cells, and monovalent therapy is often inadequate in reversing the cancer cell dominance in the TME. In this work, we introduce bacteria as a foreign species to the TME and explore combinatorial treatment strategies to alter DSP for tumor eradication. We show that cancer-selective chemotherapeutic agents and fasting can provide a strong selection pressure against tumor growth in the presence of bacteria. Moreover, we show that an immunogenic drug (oxaliplatin), but not a non-immunogenic one (5-FU), synergizes with the bacteria to activate both the innate and adaptive immunity in the TME, resulting in complete tumor remission and a sustained anti-tumor immunological memory in mice. The combination of oxaliplatin and bacteria greatly enhances the co-stimulatory and antigen-presenting molecules on antigen-presenting cells, which in turn bridge the cytotoxic T cells for cancer-cell killing. Our findings indicate that rational combination of bacterial therapy and immunogenic chemotherapy can promote anticancer immunity against the immunosuppressive TME.
Wege aufs Land – Wie Medizinstudierende für die
Tätigkeit im ländlichen Raum gewonnen werden
Authors: Lukaschek Karoline , Sporkert Anna , Blank Wolfgang A 
Published: January 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das Exzellent-Projekt „LandArztMacher“
versucht, mit vielfältigen Ansätzen dem prognostizierten
LandärztInnenmangel zu trotzen.
Methode Die „LandArztMacher“ organisieren eine
vierwöchige Gruppenfamulatur im Bayerischen Wald in Praxen und Kliniken
mit gemeinsamen Lehrveranstaltungen. Teilnehmende wurden vor und nach dem
Praktikum zu den Themen „Wichtigkeit eines Praktikums im
ländlichen Raum“; „Attraktivität des
ländlichen Raums“ (Skala: 0/keine bis 10/volle
Zustimmung) sowie die persönlichen Vorstellungen über die
Aufgaben von AllgemeinmedizinerInnen (Skala: 0/ keine bis
100/exakte Vorstellung) befragt. Bei vorliegender Arbeit handelt sich um
eine wiederholte Querschnittstudie, bzw. um eine Vorher-Nachher-Studie. Als
Lagemaß wird der Median berichtet, als Streuungsmaß der
Interquartilsbereich.
Ergebnisse Die Teilnehmenden (N=363, 74% weiblich,
n=267, Alter: Spannbreite 19–46 Jahre, Mittelwert: 23,2 Jahre,
SD: 2,41 Jahre) aus dem klinischen Abschnitt des Medizinstudiums hielten ein
Praktikum im ländlichen Raum vorher wie nachher für sehr wichtig
(Median: 8 bzw. 9) und können sich gut vorstellen, später auf
dem Land zu arbeiten (Median: 7 bzw. 8). Ihre Einstellung zum kulturellen
Angebot oder der Infrastruktur änderte sich nicht (jeweils Median: 6).
Nach dem Praktikum hatten die Studierenden eine sehr viel genauere Vorstellung
über die Tätigkeit von AllgemeinmedizinerInnen (Median: 65 bzw.
90).
Zusammenfassung Ein attraktives, vierwöchiges Praktikum im
ländlichen Raum kann durch individuelle Betreuung und gemeinschaftliche
Fortbildungen die Attraktivität der späteren Tätigkeit
auf dem Land steigern.
PMA – Zeolite (Clinoptilolite) in the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome – a Non-Interventional Study
Authors: Mosgoeller Wilhelm , Muss Claus , Eisenwagen Sandra , Jagsch Reinhold , Vogelsang Harald 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn clinical practice, the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can be very challenging. The aims of the present non-interventional study (NIS) were to investigate the tolerability and efficacy of PMA-zeolite under everyday conditions in patients with diarrheic IBS type (IBS-D) or constipated type (IBS-C) or mixed type (IBS-M).
Methods To document prospective data on tolerability and symptom frequency in the frame of a nationwide NIS, we recruited 204 IBS patients. The study focused on the IBS-related quality of life (measured by the SF-36 questionnaire) and improvements of IBS-related symptoms according to specific ROM-III criteria and stool consistency (Bristol stool scale). The participants documented their abdominal pain, bloating, number of bowel movements, and stool consistency through a web-based internet platform (initial and exit questionnaires) and daily diary entries over the period of intake (8 weeks).
Results A total of 82.2% of the recruited patients had filled in the questionnaires before and after the 8-week treatment with PMA-zeolite. Seven of the eight subscales of the SF-36 improved significantly (p<0,001); the reduction in abdominal pain was especially significant (p<0,001). The diary entries confirmed the reduction in abdominal pain and revealed a significant reduction in days with bloating (p<0,001). The Bristol-stool-scale analysis showed improvements; particularly, patients with IBS-D benefited from the treatment (p<0,001).
Conclusion The treatment duration of 8 weeks was well tolerated by most patients. Under everyday life conditions, PMA-zeolite alleviated the global IBS-related symptoms and raised the quality of life (QOL). The PMA-zeolite, thus, may represent a good adjuvant therapeutic option for patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
Pituitary metastasis arising from hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report and update of the literature
Authors: Rodriguez Isaac , Vogel Lena , Dreher Constantin , Cherkezov Asan , Giordano Frank , Frölich Matthias , Ebert Matthias Philip , Teufel Andreas , Boda-Heggemann Judit 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common neoplasia and the third leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Most cases arise in patients with cirrhosis, and early detection through periodic screening can make it potentially curable. The presence of extrahepatic metastases (EHM) affects treatment decisions and curability. The lungs are the most common site for EHM, followed by lymph nodes, bones, and the adrenal glands. Interestingly, approximately only 15 cases of HCC metastasizing to the pituitary gland have been reported so far.The most common symptoms of pituitary metastasis (PM) arising from HCC are nerve palsies affecting the third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves. Other symptoms, such as diabetes insipidus or pituitary insufficiencies, are present in a minority of cases. Detecting PM is difficult given its rarity. Gold-standard treatments for these patients have not yet been established, but the prognosis is dismal, with a median overall survival of only 4.5 months. In this paper, we present an interesting case of PM as the first symptom of an HCC in a 75-year-old female. We also present an overview of all cases reported to date with emphasis on symptom presentation and survival after diagnosis.Given the improvement of systemic therapy, more cases are diagnosed in both oligometastatic and palliative conditions. Therefore, better approaches and treatment modalities for extrahepatic metastases due to HCC should be defined.
Relapsing Polychondritis with Tracheobronchial Involvement: A
Detailed Description of Two Pediatric Cases and Review of the
Literature
Authors: Winter Greta , Löffelmann Tara , Chaya Shaakira , Kaiser Hannah , Prenzler Nils Kristian , Warnecke Athanasia , Wetzke Martin , Derlin Thorsten , Renz Diane , Stueber Thomas , Länger Florian , Schütz Katharina , Schwerk Nicolaus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRelapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare immune-mediated disease that primarily
affects the cartilaginous structures of the ears, nose and airways. The clinical
spectrum ranges from mild to severe disease characterized by progressive
destruction of cartilage in the tracheobronchial tree leading to airway
obstruction and acute respiratory failure. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent
irreversible airway damage and life-threatening complications. Due to its rarity
and variability of symptoms, the diagnosis of RP is often delayed particularly
in childhood. To address this and increase awareness of this rare disease, we
present a detailed case report of two adolescent females affected by RP. We aim
to describe the clinical findings, consequences of a delayed diagnosis and
provide a review of the current literature.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Volicitin and 9-D
1-Volicitin
Authors: Ogawa Narihito , Mamada Shunki , Niwa Kosuke , Toyoshima Shoya , Seto Yoshiya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of volicitin involved the condensation of l-(+)-glutamine with 17(S)-hydroxylinolenoic acid, derived from a Wittig reaction between the C10–C18 phosphonium salt and the C1–C9 aldehyde. The phosphonium salt was prepared through the alkynylation of a (Z)-allylic phosphate with an alkyne derived from (2S)-but-3-yn-2-ol. The deuterated aldehyde was derived with a 96% deuteration ratio by reduction of the C1–C9 methyl ester with NaBD4, followed by oxidation. Subsequently, 9-D
1-volicitin was synthesized from the monodeuterated aldehyde by using the Wittig reaction and condensation with l-(+)-glutamine.
Simplifying the Decision-Making Process in the Treatment of Kienböck's Disease
Authors: Tee Richard , Butler Stephen , Ek Eugene T. , Tham Stephen K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background In recent years, the classification and treatment algorithm for adult Kienböck's disease (KD) has expanded. However, the priority of the investigations done in determining its management has not been discussed, as not every patient with KD requires magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or wrist arthroscopy.
Materials and Methods We discuss the role of these investigations and emphasize the importance of computed tomography (CT) imaging in evaluating the cortical integrity of the lunate and its role in the decision-making process and management of KD.
Results We put forward an investigative algorithm that places into context the investigative roles of MRI, arthroscopy, and CT.
Conclusion KD is a rare condition, and there is a lack of comparative studies to help us choose the preferred treatment. The decision on the management options in adult KD may be made by determining the integrity of the lunate cortex and deciding whether the lunate is salvageable or not by CT scan. MRI may provide useful information on the vascular status if the lunate cortex is intact, and the lunate is salvageable. If the lunate is fragmented, it is not salvageable, and MRI does not provide useful information. Arthroscopy has a role in selective cases.
Stereotypic Behaviour in Elephants
Authors: Rees Paul A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Stereotypic behaviour is undesirable in zoos, especially when it occurs in large sentient mammals such as elephants because there is evidence that it is often linked to poor welfare conditions and suboptimal management. Elephant managers make great efforts to prevent, or at least reduce, the performance of stereotypic behaviours and this is perceived as beneficial for individual animals. Some studies of stereotypic behaviours in mammals have found links with central nervous system dysfunction while others have suggested that stereotypies reduce stress in captive environments and function as a coping mechanism. Although repetitive behaviours are common in mammals, only some of these behaviours are strictly speaking stereotypic in nature, that is to say, they have no obvious purpose. This case study examines the nature of stereotypic behaviours and other repetitive behaviours in elephants, their aetiology and changes in elephant management that might result in a reduction in stereotypic behaviours and a consequent welfare gain.

Information
© The Author 2024
Exploring anisotropic flow via the Boltzmann transport equation employing the Tsallis blast wave description at LHC energies
Authors: Akhil Aviral , Tiwari Swatantra Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Anisotropic flows i.e. azimuthal anisotropies in the particle production are one of the important probes in characterizing the properties of the strongly interacting matter created in the relativistic heavy-ion collisions. These observables are sensitive to both the transport properties as well as the equation of state of the quantum chromodynamics matter. We have adopted the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) in the relaxation time approximation to describe the experimental data for harmonic flows such as elliptic flow (v
2), triangular flow (v
3), quadrangular flow (v
4) obtained in heavy-ion collisions at large hadron collider (LHC) energies. In this analysis, we have used Tsallis statistics as an initial distribution and the Tsallis blast wave description is used as the equilibrium distribution function while describing the evolution of the particle production in BTE. We have fitted the transverse momentum spectra, v
2, v
3, and v
4 of identified hadrons such as pion, kaon, and proton for Pb–Pb and Xe–Xe collisions at the LHC energies of

s

NN

= 5.02 TeV and

s

NN

= 5.44 TeV, respectively for various centralities. Our study offers the comparative analysis between the two distinct collision systems operating at comparable collision energies. The present formulation successfully fits the experimental data for p

T
- spectra upto p

T
= 8 GeV and effectively explains the anisotropic flows data upto p

T
= 10 GeV with a very favourable χ
2/ndf. We observe that the average transverse flow velocity (〈β〉) and the kinetic freeze-out temperature (T) extracted in our analysis decrease as we go towards the peripheral collisions. Non-extensive parameters (q

AA
and q

pp
) exhibit an ascending trend from central to peripheral collisions, signifying an almost thermalized system in the most central collisions and a non-equilibrium state in peripheral ones. The azimuthal modulation amplitudes (ρ

a
) for v
2, v
3, and v
4 exhibit an increasing pattern as one moves from the most central to peripheral collisions in both the Pb–Pb and Xe–Xe nuclei interactions.
Sketch-guided spatial adaptive normalization and high-level feature constraints based GAN image synthesis for steel strip defect detection data augmentation
Authors: Ran Guangjun , Yao Xifan , Wang Kesai , Ye Jinsheng , Ou Shuhui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Deep learning methods have made remarkable strides in surface defect detection. But, they heavily rely on large amount of training data, which can be a costly endeavor, especially for specific applications like steel strip surface defect detection, where acquiring and labeling large-scale data is impractical due to the rarity of certain defective categories in production environment. Hence, realistic defect image synthesis can greatly alleviate this issue. However, training image generation networks also demand substantial data, making image data augmentation merely an auxiliary effort. In this work, we propose a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based image synthesis framework. We selectively extract the defect edges of the original image as well as the background texture information, and use them as network input through the spatially-adaptive (de)normalization (SPADE) module. This enriches the input information, thus significantly reducing the amount of training data for GAN network in image generation, and enhancing the background details as well as the defect boundaries in the generated images. Additionally, we introduce a novel generator loss term that balances the similarity and perceptual fidelity between synthetic and real images by constraining high-level features at different feature levels. This provides more valuable information for data augmentation in training object detection models using synthetic images. Our experimental results demonstrate the sophistication of the proposed image synthesis method and its effectiveness in data augmentation for steel strip surface defect detection tasks.
Tunable stiffness design of curved-crease origami and extended quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator
Authors: Zhou Ya , Tachi Tomohiro , Cai Jianguo , Feng Jian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A kind of origami tube based on the curved crease, which has a tunable stiffness, was designed, fabricated, tested, and extended to the concept of a quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) vibration isolator. The regulating function of crease stiffness on the overall origami stiffness without changes in the crease pattern was verified by single-crease models. With various opening ratios along the creases, three tubes composed of mirrored single-crease origami were designed, fabricated by 3D printing, and compressively tested. The test results present the potential of the approach of QZS. Further, the elastic-frictionless origami tubes were redesigned and simulated to obtain the target stiffness. The cubic term fitting of the load curve was adopted by the harmonic balance method to solve the steady-state vibration response, and then the simulation results obtained by the finite element method (FEM) were compared. The study shows that the designed elastic-frictionless isolator has a good low-frequency vibration isolation performance. The concept of the simple stiffness control method of curved-crease origami provides more practice options for high static and low dynamic stiffness systems.
Multifunctional composite structures with embedded conductive yarns for shock load monitoring and failure detection
Authors: Chaudhary Birendra , Matos Helio , Das Sumanta , Owens Jim 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study evaluates the performance of composite structures with embedded conductive yarns during shock loads to create a multifunctional system for immediate failure detection. The scalable sensing yarns were made by braiding Kevlar fibers with Nitinol fibers and then integrating them into a carbon/epoxy prepreg. The multifunctional structure was subjected to a Mach 2 air blast load using a shock tube apparatus. The embedded sensor yarns were used to record their electrical performance, while Digital Image Correlation captured full-field displacements, velocities, and strains. In addition, pressure transducers measured shock event pressures. The results revealed that through-thickness failure of the laminated composite occurred at approximately 2.5% strain, which was visually observable. However, the embedded sensor exhibited out-of-range electrical measurements at around 1.5% strain, even though no visible structural damage was present. This demonstrates the embedded sensing yarns’ ability to detect delamination-type failures by responding to interlaminate damage, highlighting their advantages over conventional external sensors. Similarly, the gauge factor for the fiber system was determined to be 1.89 ± 0.07. This multifunctional system shows great potential for enhancing composite structure safety and performance in high-performance aerospace applications and offering real-time structural health assessment.