bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bestimmung der Drahtvorschubgeschwindigkeit beim Schweißen mittels optischer Messverfahren und Waveletmethoden (Optical Measurement of Wire Speed in Welding Processes Using Wavelets)
Authors: Matthes Klaus-Jürgen , Kohler Thomas 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Bei heute eingesetzten Systemen zur Drahtvorschubgeschwindigkeitsmessung beim Schweißen wurden Abweichungen bis 30% ermittelt. Es stand das Ziel, auf der Basis von optischen 2D-Sensoren eine Messeinrichtung zu entwickeln, welche echtzeitfähig arbeitet. Zur Verarbeitung der anfallenden großen Datenmengen kommen Wavelets zur Anwendung. Der Messfehler konnte für Stahl- und Kupferwerkstoffe deutlich unter 10% gesenkt werden.
Neue Formalismen zum Schätzen von Messunsicherheiten – Ausgleich nach kleinsten Quadraten (A new Formalism for the Estimation of Measurement Uncertainties – Least Squares Adjustment)
Authors: Grabe Michael 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
In zwei vorangehenden Artikeln wurde ein zum ISO-Guide alternatives Fehlermodell diskutiert. Der vorliegende Beitrag überträgt letzteres auf die Methode der kleinsten Quadrate. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die minimierte Summe der Residuenquadrate die ihr konventionell zugeschriebenen statistischen Eigenschaften verliert, das Gauß-Markoff’sche Theorem zusammenbricht und in Konsequenz dessen die Methode der kleinsten Quadrate nicht mehr in der Lage ist, so genannte „Optimal-Schätzer“ bereitzustellen.
Die Arbeit stellt einen Formalismus vor, der die wahren Werte der Messgrößen zuverlässig lokalisiert. Die Kopplungen der Schätzer des Ausgleichs sind sowohl durch zufällige als auch durch systematische Fehler bedingt. Folglich tritt eine neue, durch systematische Fehler bedingte Klasse geometrischer Körper neben die begrifflich bekannten Konfidenz-Ellipsoide, die zufälligen Fehlern Ausdruck verleihen. Der Verfasser bezeichnet die neuen Körper als Sekuritäts-Polytope.
Symmetries of coincidence site lattices of cubic lattices
Authors: Zeiner Peter 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
We consider the symmetries of coincidence site lattices of 3-dimensional cubic lattices. This includes the discussion of the symmetry groups and the Bravais classes of the CSLs. We derive various criteria and necessary conditions for symmetry operations of CSLs. They are used to obtain a complete list of the symmetry groups and the Bravais classes of those CSLs that are generated by a rotation through the angle π.
About the degree of hydration in potassiumtrisoxalatochromate hydrate
Authors: Hu Chunhua , Heger Gernot , Kalf Irmgard , Englert Ullrich 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Data obtained from single crystal X-ray and neutron diffraction experiments have been combined with results from thermogravimetry in order to derive an improved structure model for potassium tris(oxalato)chromate hydrate. The degree of hydration for this compound has been reinvestigated: Earlier work assumed a trihydrate stoichiometry and had to accept an unusually short K···O distance of 2.3 Å. Our neutron data reveal the position of the hydrogen atoms in the water molecules; they prove that abnormally short separations between a cation and atoms of a water molecule can only occur between sites of mutually exclusive occupancy and hence remain without chemical relevance. Closest K···O distances in our revised hydration model amount to 2.6 Å, in good agreement with expectation. Both diffraction experiments and thermogravimetric data agree with the stoichiometry K3[Cr(ox)3] · 2.7 H2O for the title compound.
To crystal chemistry of compounds of MHgYX (M = Cu, Ag, Y = S, Se, X = Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Borisov Stanislav V. , Magarill Svetlana A. , Pervukhina Natalie V. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
In the crystal structures MHgYX (M = Cu, Ag, Y = S, Se, X = Cl, Br, I) and also in CuHg2S2I and Ag2HgSI2 the packing of anions X and Y varies from the hexagonal closest packing (CuHgSI, CuHg2S2I, and α-AgHgSI) to a cubic space-centered packing (Ag2HgSI2, CuHgSBr (295 K), β-AgHgSI, and CuHgSBr (358 K). The packing regularity for large (I–) and smaller (S2–) anions is ensured because Hg2+ has linear coordination S—Hg—S (S—S ≈ 4.5 Å), which is comparable with I—I contacts in a joint close packing. S2–(Se2–) are surrounded in a tetrahedral manner and form stable groups (Hg,M)4
Y where the most strong chemical bonds Hg—Y, M—Y, Hg—Hg (∼3.5 Å), Hg—M are concentrated. The chains, layers, and frameworks of (Hg,M)4
Y tetrahedra form a “skeleton” and, thus, determine the structure form and the sizes of elementary cells.
The crystal structures of solvent-free alkali-metal squarates from powder diffraction data
Authors: Dinnebier Robert E. , Nuss Hanne , Jansen Martin 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The crystal structures of solvent-free lithium, sodium, rubidium, and cesium squarates have been determined from high resolution synchrotron and X-ray laboratory powder patterns. Crystallographic data at room temperature of Li2C4O4: a = 7.1073(3) Å, b = 9.5627(4) Å, c = 3.2973(1) Å, β = 101.11(1)°, V = 219.91(1) Å3, monoclinic, C2/m, Z = 2, Na2C4O4: a = 3.4925(1) Å, b = 6.8152(1) Å, c = 10.3525(2) Å, β = 91.56(1)° V = 246.32(1) Å3, monoclinic, P21/c, Z = 2; Rb2C4O4: a = 10.7908(5) Å, b = 6.8494(3) Å, c = 4.4521(2) Å, β = 92.39(0), V = 328.77(4) Å3, monoclinic, C2/m, Z = 2; Cs2C4O4: a = 11.1768(3) Å, b = 7.0453(2) Å, c = 4.7424(1) Å, β = 92.89(1)°; V = 372.97(4) Å3, monoclinic, C2/m, Z = 2. The packing features of lithium squarate can be deduced from the AlB2 structure type, while sodium, rubidium, and cesium squarate are related to the CdI2 type. The relation between the two types of crystal structures of the squarate dianion is discussed.
PDF from X-ray powder diffraction for nanometer-scale atomic structure analysis of quasicrystalline alloys
Authors: Brühne Stefan , Uhrig Eckhard , Luther Klaus-Dieter , Assmus Wolf , Brunelli Michela , Masadeh Ahmad S. , Billinge Simon J. L. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
For three icosahedral alloys in the Mg—Zn-RE(RE = Ho, Y) systems, the atomic pair distribution functions (PDFs) have been obtained from sealed X-ray tube (in-house) and synchrotron (ESRF and APS) powder diffraction experiments. The PDFs are at least qualitatively comparable and are suitable for least squares r ≈ 2 nm local structure refinements. A recent local model for si-Ho—Mg—Zn from in-house data can be confirmed using the synchrotron data. Acquisition and the quality of the data from the different sources are discussed. The better resolved synchrotron data open perspectives for larger scale and thus more detailed models.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a homotrinuclear Ni(II) complex
Authors: Durmus Sefa , Ates B. Meltem , Atakol Orhan , Ercan Filiz 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
A tetradentate ONNO type Schiff base was synthesized from salicyaldehyde and 1,4-diaminobutane. Thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction results showed this Schiff base to give a trinuclear complex with Ni(II) ions in presence of acetate ions. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group with a = 9.7510(2), b = 10.6854(2), c = 12.4781(4) Å, α = 112.101(3), β = 100.621(4) and γ = 91.733(3)°. Similar to those found in the literature the terminal Ni(II) ions are coordinated to the Schiff base and have a N2O4 coordination sphere. The central Ni(II) ion has a O6 coordination sphere formed by the phenolic oxygens and the acetate bridges. The conformation of the chelate ring formed between the Ni(II) ions and the iminic nitrogens were examined.
Two new mononuclear Ni(II) complexes with reduced ONNO type Schiff base
Authors: Durmus Sefa , Tatar Leyla , Arıcı Cengiz , Dinçer Nazlı , Atakol Orhan , Svoboda Ingrid , Fuess Hartmut 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine (LH2) and N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-2,2′-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine (DMLH2) were reduced to phenolic amines by using NaBH4. Mononuclear complexes were obtained with Ni (II) in a N3O6 coordination sphere with these amines and N3– ions, in DMF media. It was established with the XRD studies that the coordination spheres were distorted octahedral and the complex obtained with LH2 formed dimeric structures via phenolic OH bonds. The other complex was seen to have monomeric structure. The complexes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, termogravimetry, IR spectroscopy and simple magnetic susceptibility (Gouy method). In addition, cyclic voltammetric studies have been performed.
The cubic limiting complexes of lattice complexes with trigonal characteristic symmetry
Authors: Koch Elke , Sowa Heidrun 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Point configurations with cubic inherent symmetry may be generated within certain trigonal space groups. The corresponding limiting-complex relationships were studied. They are caused by a specialization of the axial ratio c/a and require also special coordinate parameters in most cases.
The limiting complexes were derived with the aid of group-subgroup relationships. The material was checked making use of the occurrence of cubic sphere packings within trigonal space groups. The results are presented in a table referring to all lattice complexes with rhombohedral characteristic space groups (two invariant, five univariant, four bivariant, four trivariant) and to one univariant, one bivariant and one trivariant lattice complex with trigonal characteristic space groups.
Availability of Clupeid Prey to Primary Piscivores in Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia
Authors: Cyterski Michael J. , Ney John J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPrey supply to predators is limited by the morphology, behavior, and spatial distributions of both predator and prey. To be eaten, prey must co‐occur spatially and temporally with the predator (distribution), the predator must recognize the prey as potential food and successfully capture it (behavior), and the predator must have a mouth large enough to ingest its target (morphology). We quantified the cumulative effect of these three factors on clupeid prey availability to both largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and striped bass Morone saxatilis in Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia. As expected, morphological constraints were more severe for small predators. Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus were morphologically more available than gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum. Incongruent spatial distributions, the result of lake stratification, prevented striped bass from feeding on gizzard shad during summer and limited largemouth bass consumption of alewives. For unknown behavioral reasons, largemouth bass and striped bass consumed only clupeids between 40 and 160 mm total length. For largemouth bass, the available supply of alewives was equivalent to demand and that of gizzard shad exceeded consumption by 53%. For striped bass, the available supply of gizzard shad surpassed consumption by 26% and that of alewives was 4% greater than consumption. Annual consumption by all clupeid predators, including largemouth bass and smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, striped bass, walleye Sander vitreus, flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, white catfish Ameiurus catus, and crappies Pomoxis spp., was 94% of the total available clupeid supply. Our analysis indicates that increased predation on the clupeid forage base of Smith Mountain Lake would lead to decreased prey production and produce prey shortages for piscivores that are dependent on this food resource.
Seasonal Movement Patterns and Habitat Preferences of Age‐0 Lake Sturgeon in the Lower Peshtigo River, Wisconsin
Authors: Benson Angela C. , Sutton Trent M. , Elliott Robert F. , Meronek Thomas G. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractEfforts to restore lake sturgeonAcipenser fulvescensto former population levels in the Great Lakes will benefit from a thorough understanding of the species' early life history. The rehabilitation of this species will be aided by identifying nursery habitats in riverine environments through characterizing the habitat use and movements of age‐0 fish. The objectives of this study were to determine the habitat preferences and movement patterns of age‐0 lake sturgeon in the lower Peshtigo River, Wisconsin, a tributary of Lake Michigan. Fish were captured from June through October 2002 and 2003 by means of wading, snorkeling, haul‐seine, and backpack electrofishing surveys, and radio transmitters were attached to individuals larger than 74 g. For each capture and relocation site, habitat features were evaluated by measuring water depth, velocity, and temperature and by characterizing substrate type and macroinvertebrate assemblage. Age‐0 lake sturgeon were collected and relocated at water depths less than 2 m over sand substrates and at current velocities less than 0.60 m/s. Capture and relocation sites were dominated by dipteran larvae, and the median macroinvertebrate density was lower at these sites than in the remainder of the study area. Macroinvertebrate diversity index values were also lower at capture sites than in the overall study area. Daily movements of age‐0 lake sturgeon showed that fish exhibited greater activity after dark, whereas seasonal movement patterns were related to changes in water temperature, particularly during fall months as fish moved from the river to Green Bay. These results suggest that shallow, riverine areas with sand substrates, low current velocity, and a predominance of dipteran larvae should be protected as important nursery habitats in Great Lakes tributaries that support spawning populations of lake sturgeon.
Dissolution of whey protein concentrate gels in alkali
Authors: Mercadé‐Prieto Ruben , Chen Xiao Dong 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe dissolution of whey protein concentrate (WPC) gels has been studied in detail, and the different mechanisms involved have been quantitatively analyzed. The NaOH diffusivity in gels has been determined at different pH at 22°C. Dissolution experiments of gels under several conditions have been performed and compared. Both heat‐induced gels (HIG) and caustic‐induced gels (CIG) have been studied as models to heat‐exchanger fouling deposits. It is proposed that the constant dissolution rate observed at low pH is controlled by the reactions that break down the gel structure, particularly the β‐elimination of intermolecular disulfide bonds. Alkali dissolution of CIG is reduced with increasing the gelation pH, as more crosslinks are present in the gel. It is proposed that a similar mechanism of crosslink formation may explain the low dissolution rates observed in HIG at dissolution pH above 13.1. NaOH diffusion is observed to limit the dissolution process at high temperatures and pH close to 13. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Global multiproduct production–Distribution planning with duty drawbacks
Authors: Oh Hong‐Choon , Karimi I. A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDuty drawback refers to a full or partial refund of paid import duties when an imported merchandise is destroyed, exported, or consumed as a raw material to produce an export. Despite their extensive international trading operations, many manufacturers fail to save costs by claiming duty drawbacks. In the United States alone, estimates of unclaimed duty drawbacks range from US$1.5–10 billion per annum. In light of this hefty sum of unclaimed duty drawbacks, it is astounding that only one existing production–distribution model in the literature has attempted to include duty drawback. This article is the first to address this neglect of duty drawback in supply chain research by industry practitioners and academicians. To this end, it introduces the key concepts of duty drawback and explains its importance in the new economic era. Second, it presents a linear programming model incorporating three key regulatory factors—corporate taxes, import duties, and duty drawbacks—for solving a production–distribution problem in the chemical industry. Finally, through illustrative examples, it demonstrates the importance of incorporating duty drawback and other regulatory factors in production–distribution planning models. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Interstitial deletion of chromosome 12q: Genotype–phenotype correlation of two patients utilizing array comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Klein Ophir D. , Cotter Philip D. , Schmidt Ann M. , Bick David P. , Tidyman William E. , Albertson Donna G. , Pinkel Daniel , Rauen Katherine A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractInterstitial deletions of chromosome 12q are rare, with only 11 reported cases in the literature. We recently described two cases with cytogenetically identical interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 12. Here, we report on a third patient, a 26‐month‐old male with a cytogenetically‐identical interstitial deletion: 46,XY,del(12)(q21.2q22). Phenotypic features of this male proband included craniofacial and ectodermal anomalies, genitourinary anomalies, minor cardiac abnormalities, mild ventriculomegaly on brain MRI, hyperopia, and developmental delay. To further define the extent of the chromosomal aberration, microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) analysis was performed and the array data was compared to one of our previously reported cases. Although cytogenetic analysis of the two patients was concordant, molecular analysis by array CGH revealed that the patients had discordant distal breakpoints. The determination of molecular breakpoints and phenotypic analyses in these two patients, in conjunction with previously reported cases, leads us to propose a 12q deletion phenotype and a possible genetic locus for hyperkeratosis pilaris/ulerythema ophryogenes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduction of the efficacy of methotrexate by the use of folic acid: Post hoc analysis from two randomized controlled studies
Authors: Khanna Dinesh , Park Grace S. , Paulus Harold E. , Simpson Karen M. , Elashoff David , Cohen Stanley B. , Emery Paul , Dorrier Catharine , Furst Daniel E. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effect of folic acid on the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at 12 months in 2 phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of leflunomide in which MTX was used as a comparator.MethodsAnalyses were restricted to patients randomized to receive MTX who had rheumatoid factor data. The US study recruited 482 patients with active RA; 179 received at least 1 dose of MTX, and all were mandated to receive 1 mg of oral folic acid once or twice daily. The multinational European study recruited 999 patients with active RA; 489 received at least 1 dose of MTX, and oral folic acid was not required, although 50 received folate after developing an adverse event. Because of similar entry criteria for both studies, the data for patients with available primary outcome data at week 52 were pooled (n = 668), and the patients were grouped by folic acid use (n = 225) and nonuse (n = 443). To account for the significant between‐study differences in the MTX groups, baseline covariates were adjusted using propensity scores so that folic acid users could be matched with nonusers. This allowed for a comparison of differences in American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20% improvement criteria at week 52.ResultsAt study entry, non–folic acid users had a significantly lower mean body weight, shorter mean RA duration, and higher mean disease activity (measured by joint counts, patient's and physician's global assessments, and acute‐phase reactant levels). The mean MTX dosage at week 52 was similar in the 2 RCTs. Using propensity score matching techniques, the proportion of patients achieving an ACR 20% response at week 52 averaged 17% higher in the non–folic acid group than in the folic acid group (range 15–21%). Similarly, the proportion of patients achieving ACR 50% and ACR 70% responses averaged 14% (range 12–16%) and 12% (range 9–14%) higher, respectively, in the non–folic acid group. Adverse events were reported in 93% of US study patients and 94% of the multinational study patients. Elevated liver transaminase levels (above the upper limit of normal) were reported in 29% of the US study patients (majority receiving folic acid) and 62% of the multinational study patients (majority not receiving folic acid).ConclusionAfter using propensity scores to adjust for differences in the baseline characteristics of folic acid users and non–folic acid users, 9–21% fewer MTX‐treated RA patients taking folic acid had ACR 20%, 50%, or 70% improvement at 52 weeks compared with those who did not receive folic acid in the 2 phase III RA clinical trials. As a post hoc analysis, the results of this data analysis should be considered “hypothesis generating” and an impetus for future studies regarding the effects of folic acid on the efficacy of MTX in RA.
Association between lack of angiogenic response in muscle tissue and high expression of angiostatic ELR‐negative CXC chemokines in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis: Possible link to vasculopathy
Authors: Fall Ndate , Bove Kevin E. , Stringer Keith , Lovell Daniel J. , Brunner Hermine I. , Weiss Jennifer , Higgins Gloria C. , Bowyer Susanne L. , Graham T. Brent , Thornton Sherry , Grom Alexei A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the vasculopathy of juvenile dermatomyositis (juvenile DM) and the balance between the angiostatic ELR− and angiogenic ELR+ CXC chemokines in the muscle of patients with the disease.MethodsThe expression of 3 ELR− CXC chemokines (interferon‐inducible protein 10 [IP‐10], monokine induced by interferon‐γ, and interferon‐inducible T cell α‐chemoattractant) and 2 ELR+ CXC chemokines was quantitated in muscle biopsy samples from 7 patients with juvenile DM and 7 healthy children, by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The findings were correlated with various histopathologic features, with particular emphasis on the degree of vasculopathy. Synovial biopsy specimens from patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were used for additional comparison.ResultsThe angiostatic ELR− chemokines were expressed at high levels, while the angiogenic ELR+ chemokines were barely detectable, in most juvenile DM samples. This contrasted sharply with the findings in both normal muscle biopsy specimens and JRA synovial tissue specimens. The expression of the ELR− chemokines in juvenile DM samples correlated with the intensity of mononuclear cell infiltration. Furthermore, the juvenile DM samples with the highest degree of capillary loss had the highest levels of ELR− CXC chemokines. The presence of IP‐10 in juvenile DM muscle specimens was confirmed by immunohistochemistry analysis. In addition, immunohistochemical staining of muscle tissue revealed that CXCR3, a receptor utilized by ELR− CXC chemokines, was expressed in vascular endothelial cells.ConclusionIncreased expression of the interferon‐induced angiostatic ELR− CXC chemokines is a feature of juvenile DM that parallels the degree of vasculopathy in patients with the disease. Collectively, these findings are consistent with a model in which a subset of inflammatory cells secrete angiostatic ligands, which then contribute to a local atrophying effect on the muscle's vasculature via a receptor‐mediated process.