bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The senescent mesothelial matrix accentuates colonization by ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Thapa Bharat Vivan , Banerjee Mallar , Glimm Tilmann , Saini Deepak K. , Bhat Ramray 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOvarian cancer is amongst the most morbid of gynecological malignancies due to its diagnosis at an advanced stage, a transcoelomic mode of metastasis, and rapid transition to chemotherapeutic resistance. Like all other malignancies, the progression of ovarian cancer may be interpreted as an emergent outcome of the conflict between metastasizing cancer cells and the natural defense mounted by microenvironmental barriers to such migration. Here, we asked whether senescence in coelom-lining mesothelia, brought about by drug exposure, affects their interaction with disseminated ovarian cancer cells. We observed that cancer cells adhered faster on senescent human and murine mesothelial monolayers than on non-senescent controls. Time-lapse epifluorescence microscopy showed that mesothelial cells were cleared by a host of cancer cells that surrounded the former, even under sub-confluent conditions. A multiscale computational model predicted that such colocalized mesothelial clearance under sub-confluence requires greater adhesion between cancer cells and senescent mesothelia. Consistent with the prediction, we observed that senescent mesothelia expressed an extracellular matrix with higher levels of fibronectin, laminins and hyaluronan than non-senescent controls. On senescent matrix, cancer cells adhered more efficiently, spread better, and moved faster and persistently, aiding the spread of cancer. Inhibition assays using RGD cyclopeptides suggested the adhesion was predominantly contributed by fibronectin and laminin. These findings led us to propose that the senescence-associated matrisomal phenotype of peritoneal barriers enhances the colonization of invading ovarian cancer cells contributing to the metastatic burden associated with the disease.
Nesting Statistics in the O(n) Loop Model on Random Planar Maps
Authors: Borot Gaëtan , Bouttier Jérémie , Duplantier Bertrand 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the O(n) loop model on random planar maps, we study the depth—in terms of the number of levels of nesting—of the loop configuration, by means of analytic combinatorics. We focus on the ‘refined’ generating series of pointed disks or cylinders, which keep track of the number of loops separating the marked point from the boundary (for disks), or the two boundaries (for cylinders). For the general O(n) loop model, we show that these generating series satisfy functional relations obtained by a modification of those satisfied by the unrefined generating series. In a more specific O(n) model where loops cross only triangles and have a bending energy, we explicitly compute the refined generating series. We analyse their non generic critical behavior in the dense and dilute phases, and obtain the large deviations function of the nesting distribution, which is expected to be universal. Using the framework of Liouville quantum gravity (LQG), we show that a rigorous functional KPZ relation can be applied to the multifractal spectrum of extreme nesting in the conformal loop ensemble ($$\textrm{CLE}_{\kappa }$$

CLE
κ

) in the Euclidean unit disk, as obtained by Miller et al. (Ann Probab 44(2):1013–1052, 2016, arXiv:1401.0217), or to its natural generalisation to the Riemann sphere. It allows us to recover the large deviations results obtained for the critical O(n) random planar map models. This offers, at the refined level of large deviations theory, a rigorous check of the fundamental fact that the universal scaling limits of random planar map models as weighted by partition functions of critical statistical models are given by LQG random surfaces decorated by independent CLEs.
Ein Rückblick auf Persönlichkeiten der Wiener Ophthalmologischen Schule
Authors: Drobec P. , Heilig P. 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der historischen Entwicklung der Wiener Ophthalmologischen Schule und greift berühmte Persönlichkeiten heraus.
Nonlinear macromodeling of multistory RC buildings with masonry infill walls
Authors: El-Kholy Ahmed M. , Sayed Sayed M. , El-Assaly Mohamed M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe structural behavior prediction of the multistory reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with masonry infill walls (MIWs) during earthquakes is challenging. This paper presents a nonlinear macromodeling strategy seeking a simple, reliable, and low-cost computational analysis of the multistory RC buildings that comprise MIWs, and that use frames or shear walls (SWs) for resisting the lateral load. The strategy employed four plastic hinge (PH) models for tracking the deformations (flexural, shear, and torsion) of the frame elements and joints, a multilinear plastic link for modeling the MIW, and a nonlinear multilayer shell element for modeling the SW. A flexural PH model characterized by discretization into fibers, a recommended position, and an iterative estimating for the PH length using a distinct formula for each loading level was proposed. This strategy was validated through eleven macromodels investigating four bare frames, four MIWs frames, and a SW where the average ultimate lateral load error was 9.2%, 3.6%, and 0.4%, respectively. Finally, the structural behavior of real ten-story buildings with/without MIWs was investigated. The results showed that the MIWs increased the shear capacity and the lateral stiffness with an average of 44.3% and 118.6%, respectively. Also, both the frames buildings with MIWs and the bare SWs buildings showed approximately equal lateral load capacities. Local damages in the RC vertical elements and yielding of the MIWs were recorded simultaneously. However, the MIWs yielding (and also failure) occurred earlier for the frames buildings compared with the SWs buildings in which the stress was relaxed in their MIWs.
Termination of triangular polynomial loops
Authors: Hark Marcel , Frohn Florian , Giesl Jürgen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe consider the problem of proving termination for triangular weakly non-linear loops (twn-loops) over some ring $$\mathcal {S}$$
S
like $$\mathbb {Z}$$
Z
, $$\mathbb {Q}$$
Q
, or $$\mathbb {R}$$
R
. The guard of such a loop is an arbitrary quantifier-free Boolean formula over (possibly non-linear) polynomial inequations, and the body is a single assignment of the form $$\begin{bmatrix} x_1\\ \ldots \\ x_d \end{bmatrix} \leftarrow \begin{bmatrix} c_1 \cdot x_1 + p_1\\ \ldots \\ c_d \cdot x_d + p_d \end{bmatrix}$$

x
1

…

x
d

←

c
1

·

x
1

+

p
1

…

c
d

·

x
d

+

p
d

where each $$x_i$$

x
i

is a variable, $$c_i \in \mathcal {S}$$

c
i

∈
S

, and each $$p_i$$

p
i

is a (possibly non-linear) polynomial over $$\mathcal {S}$$
S
and the variables $$x_{i+1},\ldots ,x_{d}$$

x

i
+
1

,
…
,

x
d

. We show that the question of termination can be reduced to the existential fragment of the first-order theory of $$\mathcal {S}$$
S
. For loops over $$\mathbb {R}$$
R
, our reduction implies decidability of termination. For loops over $$\mathbb {Z}$$
Z
and $$\mathbb {Q}$$
Q
, it proves semi-decidability of non-termination.Furthermore, we present a transformation to convert certain non-twn-loops into twn-form. Then the original loop terminates iff the transformed loop terminates over a specific subset of $$\mathbb {R}$$
R
, which can also be checked via our reduction. Moreover, we formalize a technique to linearize (the updates of) twn-loops in our setting and analyze its complexity. Based on these results, we prove complexity bounds for the termination problem of twn-loops as well as tight bounds for two important classes of loops which can always be transformed into twn-loops.Finally, we show that there is an important class of linear loops. where our decision procedure results in an efficient procedure for termination analysis, i.e., where the parameterized complexity of deciding termination is polynomial.
Climate policy and optimal public debt
Authors: Kellner Maximilian , Runkel Marco 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEmploying a two-period model with an environmental externality, this paper investigates the relation between emission taxation and the optimal level of public debt. The central insight is that the effect of emission taxation on optimal borrowing is ambiguous and may lead to lower or higher optimal debt. In the context of climate change, we even show that the counterintuitive result of a higher optimal debt level is likely in the short-run and possibly also in the long-run, a result that provides a novel rationale for public borrowing. Our basic arguments turn out to be robust against several generalization.
Geometry Parameter Estimation for Sparse X-Ray Log Imaging
Authors: Senchukova Angelina , Suuronen Jarkko , Heikkinen Jere , Roininen Lassi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe consider geometry parameter estimation in industrial sawmill fan-beam X-ray tomography. In such industrial settings, scanners do not always allow identification of the location of the source–detector pair, which creates the issue of unknown geometry. This work considers an approach for geometry estimation based on the calibration object. We parametrise the geometry using a set of 5 parameters. To estimate the geometry parameters, we calculate the maximum cross-correlation between a known-sized calibration object image and its filtered backprojection reconstruction and use differential evolution as an optimiser. The approach allows estimating geometry parameters from full-angle measurements as well as from sparse measurements. We show numerically that different sets of parameters can be used for artefact-free reconstruction. We deploy Bayesian inversion with first-order isotropic Cauchy difference priors for reconstruction of synthetic and real sawmill data with a very low number of measurements.
Uniform strain high-pressure torsion (US-HPT): an approach to reduce strain gradients
Authors: Hohenwarter A. , Wurster S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBased on the pioneering work of Erbel, we propose a simple modification of classical high-pressure torsion anvils that allows a strong reduction or even elimination of the inherent strain gradient in disk-shaped samples deformed by high-pressure torsion. This is realized by using an adapted anvil design, which entails a linearly varying depth of the anvil’s depression with the radius. In order to compare results of using the modified anvil design with classical flat anvils, a comparative study using high purity nickel was performed. The possible change in the strain gradient is assessed with hardness and microstructural investigations. The results prove that the strain gradient can be considerably reduced or even eliminated. The technical features of this technique, in the following termed as uniform strain high-pressure torsion (US-HPT), are presented with this feasibility study and practical limitations are discussed.
Graphical abstract
Phase transformation and heterojunction nanostructures of bismuth iron oxide
Authors: Xu Chunxin , Wang Yufei , Wang Qin , Li Jian , Yan Long 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe construction of an efficient bismuth iron oxide shows great potential in excellent crystal structure properties and visible light photocatalysis. However, it is challenging to synthesize nanostructures with the desired morphologies. For the first time, the bismuth iron oxide is fabricated using sol–gel synthesis method, exhibiting the desired crystallite size and tuning the types of heterojunction nanostructures by regulating the concentration of Fe3+ and calcination temperature. As a result, the feeding ratios of bismuth ferrite materials Bi2Fe4O9, BiFeO3/Bi2Fe4O9, BiFeO3, BiFeO3/Bi25FeO40, and Bi25FeO40 are 2:1, 1.5:1, 1:1, 0.75:1, 0.5:1, and 0.04:1, respectively. Besides, the calcination temperature not only influences the granularity of bismuth iron oxide but also promotes the phase transformation from BiFeO3 to Bi2Fe4O9. Moreover, BiFeO3/Bi2Fe4O9 and BiFeO3/Bi25FeO40 heterojunction nanostructures display strong interactions between BiFeO3–Bi2Fe4O9 and Bi25FeO40. Besides, BiFeO3/Bi25FeO40 heterojunction nanostructures exhibit obvious grain boundary with the smallest bandgap. This study presents far-reaching implications and provides pathways to prepare BiFeO3/Bi2Fe4O9 and BiFeO3/Bi25FeO40 heterojunction nanostructures.
Deep Learning-based Diagnosis and Localization of Pneumothorax on Portable Supine Chest X-ray in Intensive and Emergency Medicine: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Chih-Hung , Lin Tzuching , Chen Guanru , Lee Meng-Rui , Tay Joyce , Wu Cheng-Yi , Wu Meng-Che , Roth Holger R. , Yang Dong , Zhao Can , Wang Weichung , Huang Chien-Hua 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Purpose
To develop two deep learning-based systems for diagnosing and localizing pneumothorax on portable supine chest X-rays (SCXRs).

Methods
For this retrospective study, images meeting the following inclusion criteria were included: (1) patient age ≥ 20 years; (2) portable SCXR; (3) imaging obtained in the emergency department or intensive care unit. Included images were temporally split into training (1571 images, between January 2015 and December 2019) and testing (1071 images, between January 2020 to December 2020) datasets. All images were annotated using pixel-level labels. Object detection and image segmentation were adopted to develop separate systems. For the detection-based system, EfficientNet-B2, DneseNet-121, and Inception-v3 were the architecture for the classification model; Deformable DETR, TOOD, and VFNet were the architecture for the localization model. Both classification and localization models of the segmentation-based system shared the UNet architecture.

Results
In diagnosing pneumothorax, performance was excellent for both detection-based (Area under receiver operating characteristics curve [AUC]: 0.940, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.907–0.967) and segmentation-based (AUC: 0.979, 95% CI: 0.963–0.991) systems. For images with both predicted and ground-truth pneumothorax, lesion localization was highly accurate (detection-based Dice coefficient: 0.758, 95% CI: 0.707–0.806; segmentation-based Dice coefficient: 0.681, 95% CI: 0.642–0.721). The performance of the two deep learning-based systems declined as pneumothorax size diminished. Nonetheless, both systems were similar or better than human readers in diagnosis or localization performance across all sizes of pneumothorax.

Conclusions
Both deep learning-based systems excelled when tested in a temporally different dataset with differing patient or image characteristics, showing favourable potential for external generalizability.
Incorporating history and deviations in forward–backward splitting
Authors: Sadeghi Hamed , Banert Sebastian , Giselsson Pontus 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe propose a variation of the forward–backward splitting method for solving structured monotone inclusions. Our method integrates past iterates and two deviation vectors into the update equations. These deviation vectors bring flexibility to the algorithm and can be chosen arbitrarily as long as they together satisfy a norm condition. We present special cases where the deviation vectors, selected as predetermined linear combinations of previous iterates, always meet the norm condition. Notably, we introduce an algorithm employing a scalar parameter to interpolate between the conventional forward–backward splitting scheme and an accelerated $$\mathcal {O}\left( \frac{1}{n^2}\right) $$

O

1

n
2

-convergent forward–backward method that encompasses both the accelerated proximal point method and the Halpern iteration as special cases. The existing methods correspond to the two extremes of the allowed scalar parameter range. By choosing the interpolation scalar near the midpoint of the permissible range, our algorithm significantly outperforms these previously known methods when addressing a basic monotone inclusion problem stemming from minimax optimization.
Earnings quality and board meeting frequency
Authors: Vafeas Nikos , Vlittis Adamos 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe propose that corporate directors are in greater need of soft information about the firm when the quality of hard accounting information is low. We further propose that board meetings constitute a key opportunity for corporate directors to gather soft information about the firm, and empirically investigate the relationship between financial reporting quality and the board's soft information gathering, as revealed by board meeting frequency. Consistent with expectations, we find that boards meet more frequently when accruals quality is low. We further find that the proportion of outside directors, insider ownership, and SOX regulation moderate this relationship. The evidence is reinforced by analysis of management earnings forecasts, financial restatements, and internal control weaknesses and is robust to several alternative earnings quality specifications. Additional empirical tests suggest that our results are incremental to the alternative explanation of increased meeting frequency to address problems in the reporting process per se. We conclude that corporate directors seek more frequent board meetings as an alternative information source to low earnings quality.
Disrupted topological organization of functional brain networks in traumatic axonal injury
Authors: Li Jian , Shu Yongqiang , Chen Liting , Wang Bo , Chen Linglong , Zhan Jie , Kuang Hongmei , Xia Guojin , Zhou Fuqing , Gong Honghan , Zeng Xianjun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTraumatic axonal injury (TAI) may result in the disruption of brain functional networks and is strongly associated with cognitive impairment. However, the neural mechanisms affecting the neurocognitive function after TAI remain to be elucidated. We collected the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 28 patients with TAI and 28 matched healthy controls. An automated anatomical labeling atlas was used to construct a functional brain connectome. We utilized a graph theoretical approach to investigate the alterations in global and regional network topologies, and network-based statistics analysis was utilized to localize the connected networks more precisely. The current study revealed that patients with TAI and healthy controls both showed a typical small-world topology of the functional brain networks. However, patients with TAI exhibited a significantly lower local efficiency compared to healthy controls, whereas no significant difference emerged in other small-world properties (Cp, Lp, γ, λ, and σ) and global efficiency. Moreover, patients with TAI exhibited aberrant nodal centralities in some regions, including the frontal lobes, parietal lobes, caudate nucleus, and cerebellum bilaterally, and right olfactory cortex. The network-based statistics results showed alterations in the long-distance functional connections in the subnetwork in patients with TAI, involving these brain regions with significantly altered nodal centralities. These alterations suggest that brain networks of individuals with TAI present aberrant topological attributes that are associated with cognitive impairment, which could be potential biomarkers for predicting cognitive dysfunction and help understanding the neuropathological mechanisms in patients with TAI.
SIRT1 Inhibition-Induced Mitochondrial Damage Promotes GSDME-Dependent Pyroptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Liu Di , Liu Junhao , Liu Kejun , Hu Yanchao , Feng Jinming , Bu Yang , Wang Qi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor that affects the liver and poses a significant threat to human health. Further investigation is necessary to fully understand the role of SIRT1, a protein linked to tumorigenesis, in HCC development. To investigate the effect of SIRT1 on HCC and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Eight pairs of HCC and paracancerous normal tissue specimens were collected. The levels of SIRT1 and GSDME in tissue samples were assessed using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. SIRT1 levels were determined in HCC (Huh7, HepG2, SNU-423, SNU-398, and HCCLM3) and L-02 cells using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. SNU-423 and HCCLM3 cells were transfected with si-SIRT1 and/or si-GSDME to knock down SIRT1 or GSDME expression. RT-qPCR and western blotting were performed to measure the expression of SIRT1, pro-casp-3, cl-casp-3, GSDME, GSDME-N, PGC-1α, Bax, and cytochrome c (Cyto C). Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were assessed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing assay, Transwell invasion assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was evaluated using an LDH kit. SIRT1 was upregulated in HCC tissues and cells, and a negative correlation was observed between SIRT1 and GSDME-N. SIRT1 silencing suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells while also promoting apoptosis and inducing mitochondrial damage. Additionally, the silencing of SIRT1 resulted in the formation of large bubbles on the plasma membrane of HCC cells, leading to cellular swelling and aggravated GSDME-dependent pyroptosis, resulting in an increase in LDH release. Inhibition of GSDME reduced SIRT1 silencing-induced cell swelling, decreased LDH release rate, and promoted apoptosis. SIRT1 silencing promotes GSDME-dependent pyroptosis in HCC cells by damaging mitochondria.
Do Robots Have Sex? A Prolegomenon
Authors: Sparrow Robert , Horn Eliana , Eyssel Friederike 
Published: December 2023

AbstractResearch in Human–Robot Interaction (HRI) suggests that people attribute gender to (some) robots. In this paper we outline a program of research on the gendering of robots and on the ethical issues raised by such gendering. Understanding which robots are gendered, when, and why, will require careful research in HRI, drawing on anthropology and social psychology, informed by state-of-the-art research in gender studies and critical theory. Design features of robots that might influence the attribution of gender include: appearance; tone of voice; speech repertoire; range and style of movement; behaviour; and, intended function. Robots may be gendered differently depending on: the age, class, sex, ethnicity, and sexuality of the person doing the attributing; local cultural histories; social cues from the designers, the physical and institutional environment, and other users; and the role of the robot. An adequate account of the gender of robots will also need to pay attention to the limits of a sex/gender distinction, which has historically been maintained by reference to a “sex” located in a biological body, when it comes to theorising the gender of robots. We argue that, on some accounts of what it is to be sexed, robots might “have” sex: they might be male and female in just the same way as (most) human beings are. Addressing the ethical issues raised by the gendering of robots will require further progress in “robot media ethics”, as well as an account of the responsibilities of both designers and users in a broader social context.