bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical investigation and anti-inflammatory potential of Atriplex leucoclada Boiss
Authors: Ahmed Hayam S. , Mohamed Enas I. A. , Amin Elham , Moawad Abeer S. , Sadek Abdel-Bakky Mohamed , Almahmoud Suliman A. , Afifi Naglaa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The plant kingdom has long been considered a valuable source for therapeutic agents, however, some plant species still untapped and need to be phytochemically and biologically explored. Although several Atriplex species have been investigated in depth, A. leucoclada, a halophytic plant native to Saudi Arabian desert, remains to be explored for its phytochemical content and biological potentials. Herein, the current study investigated the metabolic content and the anti-inflammatory potential of A. leucoclada.

Methods
Powdered aerial parts of the plant were defatted with n-hexane then the defatted powder was extracted with 80% methanol. n-Hexane extract (ATH) was analyzed using GC–MS, while the defatted extract (ATD) was subjected to different chromatographic methods to isolate the major phytoconstituents. The structures of the purified compounds were elucidated using different spectroscopic methods including advanced NMR techniques. Anti-inflammatory activity of both extracts against COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes were examined in vitro. Molecular docking of the identified compounds into the active sites of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes was conducted using pdb entries 6Y3C and 5IKV, respectively.

Results
Phytochemical investigation of ATD extract led to purification and identification of nine compounds. Interestingly, all the compounds, except for 20-hydroxy ecdysone (1), are reported for the first time from A. leucoclada, also luteolin (6) and pallidol (8) are isolated for the first time from genus Atriplex. Inhibitory activity of ATD and ATH extracts against COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes revealed concentration dependent activity of both fractions with IC50 41.22, 14.40 μg/ml for ATD and 16.74 and 5.96 μg/ml for ATH against COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Both extracts displayed selectivity indices of 2.86 and 2.80, respectively as compared to 2.56 for Ibuprofen indicating a promising selectivity towards COX-2. Molecular docking study supported in vitro testing results, where purified metabolites showed binding affinity scores ranged from -9 to -6.4 and -8.5 to -6.6 kcal/mol for COX-1 and 2, respectively, in addition the binding energies of GC–MS detected compounds ranged from -8.9 to -5.5 and -8.3 to -5.1 kcal/mol for COX-1 and 2, respectively as compared to Ibuprofen (-6.9 and -7.5 kcal/mol, respectively), indicating high binding affinities of most of the compounds. Analysis of the binding orientations revealed variable binding patterns depending on the nature of the compounds. Our study suggested A. leucoclada as a generous source for anti-inflammatory agents.
Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation improves pulmonary function by regulating oxidative stress during one-lung ventilation in patients with lung cancer undergoing thoracoscopic surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ju Songxu , Liu Meinv , Wang Bei , Yu Dongdong , Zhang Huanhuan , Zhang Meng , Li Jianli 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on oxidative stress induced by one-lung ventilation, lung function, and postoperative quality of recovery in patients with lung cancer.

Methods
The participants (n = 80) were assigned to the sham group and TEAS group. TEAS on bilateral Feishu (BL13), Zusanli (ST36), and Hegu (L14) was performed 30 minutes before induction of anesthesia and continued until the end of the surgery. In the sham group, the same acupoints were selected without electrical stimulation. PaO2/FiO2, intrapulmonary shunt ratio (Qs/Qt), alveolar-arterial oxygen tension (A-aDO2), and respiratory index (RI) were calculated to evaluate lung function before one-lung ventilation (T0), 30 min after one-lung ventilation (T1), 1 h after one-lung ventilation (T2), and 10 min after resuming two-lung ventilation (T3). The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected to estimate oxidative stress at T0, T1, T2, and T3. Secondary outcomes included removal time of thoracic drainage tube, duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, length of postoperative hospitalization, the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications, and the Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) score on postoperative day 1 and 2.

Results
TEAS significantly increased PaO2/FiO2 at T1 and T2, while Qs/Qt, A-aDO2, and RI decreased remarkably from T1 to T3 (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, TEAS obviously decreased MDA and increased SOD activity at T2 and T3 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, TEAS also markedly shortened the length of ICU stay and hospital stay after surgery, whereas the QoR-15 score on postoperative day 1 and 2 was significantly higher (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
TEAS could reduce oxidative lung injury during one-lung ventilation, thereby protecting pulmonary function and effectively accelerating the early recovery of patients with lung cancer.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000038243).
Effect of glutamine on the systemic innate immune response in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella pullorum
Authors: Wu Qiu jue , Zhu Long long , Zhang Rong kai , Xing Zhong ying , Wang Cong , Liao Jia hui , Hu Nai zhi , Cheng Bin yao , Ma Yan , Wang Yu qin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of glutamine on the growth performance and systemic innate immune response in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella pullorum. A total of 600 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chickens were assigned randomly to 6 dietary treatments with 10 replicates for a 21-day feeding experiment. The experimental treatments were as follows: the control treatment (birds fed the basal diet), the Gln1 treatment, and the Gln 2 treatment (birds fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5%, and 1.0% Glutamine, respectively). At 3 d of age, half of the birds from each treatment were challenged oral gavage with 2.0 × 104 CFU/mL of S. pullorum suspension (1.0 mL per bird) or an equivalent amount of sterile saline alone, which served as a control.

Results
The results showed that S. pullorum infection had adverse effects on the average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens compared with those of the CON treatment on d 7, decreased the spleen and bursa of fabricius relative weights (except on d 21), serum immunoglobulin A (IgA),immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentrations, and spleen melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and laboratory of genetics and physiology gene 2 (LGP2) mRNA expression levels, and increased the mRNA expression levels of spleen Nodinitib-1 (NOD1), Toll-like receptors 2,4 (TLR2, TLR4), DNA-dependent activator of IFN-regulatory factors (DAI), mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), P50, P65, and RelB on d 4, 7, 14, and 21.
Supplementation with Gln improved the relative weights of the spleen and bursa of Fabricius (except on d 21), increased the serum IgA, IgG, and IgM concentrations and the mRNA expression levels of spleen MDA5 and LGP2, and decreased the mRNA expression levels of spleen NOD1, TLR2, TLR4, DAI, MAVS, P50, P65, and RelB of S. pullorum-challenged broiler chickens.

Conclusion
These results indicate that Gln might stimulate the systemic innate immune responses of the spleen in broiler chickens challenged with S. pullorum.
Validation of method for faecal sampling in cats and dogs for faecal microbiome analysis
Authors: Langon Xavier 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Reproducible and reliable studies of cat and dog faecal microbiomes are dependent on many methodology-based variables including how the faecal stools are sampled and stored prior to processing. The current study aimed to establish an appropriate method for sampling and storing faecal stools from cats and dogs which may also be applied to privately-owned pets. The approach investigated the effects of storing faeces for up to 12 h at room temperature and sampling from various locations within the stool in terms of microbial diversity, relative taxa abundances and DNA yield. Faeces were collected from 10 healthy cats and 10 healthy dogs and stored at room temperature (20 °C). Samples were taken from various locations within the stool (the first emitted part (i), the middle (ii) and the last emitted end (iii), at either surface or core) at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 h, stabilised and stored at -80 °C. DNA was extracted from all samples, using Illumina NovaSeq.

Results
Faecal bacterial composition of dogs and cats shown no statistically significant differences in alpha diversity. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the most prevalent phyla. Cat and dog samples were characterized by a dominance of Prevotella, and a lack of Fusobacterium in feline stools. Room temperature storage of cat and dog faecal samples generally had no significant effect on alpha diversity, relative taxa abundance or DNA yield for up to 12 h. Sampling from regions i, ii or iii of the stool at the surface or core did not significantly influence the outcome. However, surface cat faecal samples stored at room temperature for 12 h showed a significant increase in two measures of alpha diversity and there was a tendency for a similar effect in dogs. When comparing samples with beta diversity measures, it appeared that for dog and cat samples, individual effect has the strongest impact on the observed microbial diversity (R2 0.64 and 0.88), whereas sampling time, depth and horizontal locations significantly affected the microbial diversity but with less impact.

Conclusion
Cat and dog faeces were stable at room temperature for up to 12 h, with no significant changes in alpha diversity, relative taxa abundance and DNA concentration. Beta diversity analysis demonstrated that despite an impact of the sampling storing time and the surface of the sampling, we preserved the identity of the microbial structure linked to the individual. Finally, the data suggest that faecal stools stored for > 6 h at room temperature should be sampled at the core, not the surface.
Exploring the anti-cancer potential of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) and their versatile role in enhancing drug delivery systems: a multifaceted approach to combat cancer
Authors: Gao Xiaoli , Homayoonfal Mina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere has been a growing global interest in the potential health benefits of edible natural bioactive products in recent years. Ganoderma lucidum, a medicinal mushroom, has gained attention for its decadent array of therapeutic and pharmaceutical compounds. Notably, G. lucidum exhibits significant anti-cancer effects against various cancer types. Polysaccharides, a prominent component in G. lucidum, are pivotal in conferring its diverse biological and medicinal properties. The primary focus of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer activities of G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs), with particular attention to their potential to mitigate chemotherapy-associated toxicity and enhance targeted drug delivery. Our findings reveal that GLPs exhibit anti-cancer effects through diverse mechanisms, including cytotoxicity, antioxidative properties, apoptosis induction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and anti-proliferative effects. Furthermore, the potential of GLPs-based nanoparticles (NPs) as delivery vehicles for bioactive constituents was explored. These GLPs-based NPs are designed to target various cancer tissues, enhancing the biological activity of encapsulated compounds. As such, GLPs derived from G. lucidum represent a promising avenue for inhibiting cancer progression, minimizing chemotherapy-related side effects, and supporting their utilization in combination therapies as natural adjuncts.
Identification of breeding habitats and kdr mutations in Anopheles spp. in South Korea
Authors: Hong Hyelee , Eom Tae-Hui , Trinh Thuy-Tien Thi , Tuan Bao Duong , Park Hyun , Yeo Seon-Ju 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMalaria is still endemic in South Korea. However, limited information is available on the currentAnophelesbreeding sites and the occurrence of insecticide resistance-associated genetic mutations and their distribution needed to control the malaria vector efficiently.MethodsThis study explored breeding sites ofAnophelineadults in Gimpo-si, near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) in Gyeonggi-do province, South Korea, from 2022 to 2023. Genetic diversity was investigated based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS2), cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and knockdown resistance (kdr) genes ofAnophelesmosquitoes. A natural environment associated with the seasonal abundance ofAnopheleslarvae was characterized.ResultsTwo breeding sites ofAnopheleslarvae and adults were found at a stream margin or shallow freshwater near the forest in Wolgot-myeon in Gimpo-si without cattle shed within 1 km and in Naega-myeon in Ganghwa-gun with cow shed within 100 m in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Both sites were located between the newly cultivated lands and the forest. Besides, both breeding sites were in the valley at a slight elevation of 60–70 m from ground lands and maintained the shadow all day. Overall, the Wolgot-myeon breeding site showed variousAnophelesspp. larvae, includingAnopheles sinensis. Naega-myeon, an additional breeding site found in 2023, hadAnopheles sineroideslarvae, and approximately 59.7% (89/149) ofAn. sinensisadults inhabited within a 100-m distance. The total collection, including larvae and adults, revealed thatAn. sinensis,Anopheles pullus,Anopheles kleini,An. sineroides,Anopheles belenrae, andAnopheles lindesayiaccounted for 44.2% (118/267), 0.7% (2/267), 0.7% (2/267), 22.1% (59/267), 1.9% (5/267), and 30.3% (81/267), respectively. Furthermore, variouskdrmutant genotypes (F/F, C/C, L/F, L/C and F/C) inAn. sinensis, and the firstkdrallele mutant (L/F1014) inAn. belenraewere identified in South Korea.ConclusionsTwo breeding sites ofAnopheleslarvae were studied in Wolgot-myeon and Naega-myeon. VariousAnophelesspp. larvae were detected in both habitats, but overall,An. sinensiswas the most prevalent adults in both study sites. The occurrence ofkdrallele mutant ofAn. belenraein South Korea was reported. Rigorous larvae monitoring ofAnophelesspp., continuously updating information onAnophelesbreeding sites, and understanding the environmental conditions ofAnopheleshabitats are required to develop an effective malaria control programme in South Korea.
Artificial intelligence in glaucoma: opportunities, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Huang Xiaoqin , Islam Md Rafiqul , Akter Shanjita , Ahmed Fuad , Kazami Ehsan , Serhan Hashem Abu , Abd-alrazaq Alaa , Yousefi Siamak 
Published: December 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has shown excellent diagnostic performance in detecting various complex problems related to many areas of healthcare including ophthalmology. AI diagnostic systems developed from fundus images have become state-of-the-art tools in diagnosing retinal conditions and glaucoma as well as other ocular diseases. However, designing and implementing AI models using large imaging data is challenging. In this study, we review different machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques applied to multiple modalities of retinal data, such as fundus images and visual fields for glaucoma detection, progression assessment, staging and so on. We summarize findings and provide several taxonomies to help the reader understand the evolution of conventional and emerging AI models in glaucoma. We discuss opportunities and challenges facing AI application in glaucoma and highlight some key themes from the existing literature that may help to explore future studies. Our goal in this systematic review is to help readers and researchers to understand critical aspects of AI related to glaucoma as well as determine the necessary steps and requirements for the successful development of AI models in glaucoma.
Assessment of the functional severity of coronary lesions from optical coherence tomography based on ensembled learning
Authors: Tache Irina-Andra , Hatfaludi Cosmin-Andrei , Puiu Andrei , Itu Lucian Mihai , Popa-Fotea Nicoleta-Monica , Calmac Lucian , Scafa-Udriste Alexandru 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Atherosclerosis is one of the most frequent cardiovascular diseases. The dilemma faced by physicians is whether to treat or postpone the revascularization of lesions that fall within the intermediate range given by an invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement. The paper presents a monocentric study for lesions significance assessment that can potentially cause ischemia on the large coronary arteries.

Methods
A new dataset is acquired, comprising the optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, clinical parameters, echocardiography and FFR measurements collected from 80 patients with 102 lesions, with stable multivessel coronary artery disease. Having the ground truth given by the invasive FFR measurement, the dataset is challenging because almost 40% of the lesions are in the gray zone, having an FFR value between 0.75 and 0.85. Twenty-six features are extracted from OCT images, clinical characteristics, and echocardiography and the most relevant are identified by examining the models’ accuracy. An ensembled learning is performed for solving the binary classification problem of lesion significance considering the leave-one-out cross-validation approach.

Results
Ensemble models are designed from the multi-features voting from 5 features models by prediction aggregation with a maximum accuracy of 81.37% and a maximum area under the curve score (AUC) of 0.856.

Conclusions
The proposed explainable supervised learning-based lesion classification is a new method that can be improved by training with a larger multicenter dataset for further designing a tool for guiding the decision making of the clinician for the cases outside the gray zone and for the other situation extra clinical information about the lesion is needed.
Self-assembly of H2S-responsive nanoprodrugs based on natural rhein and geraniol for targeted therapy against Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Han Lu , Zang Tao , Tan Lulu , Liang Dunsheng , Long Tengfei , Liu Xuwei , Shen Xiaofan , Ren Hao , Li ZhiPeng , Lu Zhaoxiang , Tang Shengqiu , Liao Xiaoping , Liu Yahong , Zhang Chaoqun , Sun Jian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSalmonellosis is a globally extensive food-borne disease, which threatens public health and results in huge economic losses in the world annually. The rising prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella poses a significant global concern, emphasizing an imperative to identify novel therapeutic agents or methodologies to effectively combat this predicament. In this study, self-assembly hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-responsive nanoprodrugs were fabricated with poly(α-lipoic acid)-polyethylene glycol grafted rhein and geraniol (PPRG), self-assembled into core–shell nanoparticles via electrostatic, hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions, with hydrophilic exterior and hydrophobic interior. The rhein and geraniol are released from self-assembly nanoprodrugs PPRG in response to Salmonella infection, which is known to produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S). PPRG demonstrated stronger antibacterial activity against Salmonella compared with rhein or geraniol alone in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, PPRG was also able to suppress the inflammation and modulate gut microbiota homeostasis. In conclusion, the as-prepared self-assembly nanoprodrug sheds new light on the design of natural product active ingredients and provides new ideas for exploring targeted therapies for specific Enteropathogens.
Graphical Abstract
Landscape of molecular crosstalk between SARS-CoV-2 infection and cardiovascular diseases: emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction and immune-inflammation
Authors: Dai Shiyu , Cao Ting , Shen Han , Zong Xuejing , Gu Wenyu , Li Hanghang , Wei Lei , Huang Haoyue , Yu Yunsheng , Chen Yihuan , Ye Wenxue , Hua Fei , Fan Hongyou , Shen Zhenya 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen of COVID-19, is a worldwide threat to human health and causes a long-term burden on the cardiovascular system. Individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases are at higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and tend to have a worse prognosis. However, the relevance and pathogenic mechanisms between COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases are not yet completely comprehended.

Methods
Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in datasets of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) infected with SARS-CoV-2 and myocardial tissues from heart failure patients. Further GO and KEGG pathway analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction, hub genes identification, immune microenvironment analysis, and drug candidate predication were performed. Then, an isoproterenol-stimulated myocardial hypertrophy cell model and a transverse aortic constriction-induced mouse heart failure model were employed to validate the expression of hub genes.

Results
A total of 315 up-regulated and 78 down-regulated common DEGs were identified. Functional enrichment analysis revealed mitochondrial metabolic disorders and extensive immune inflammation as the most prominent shared features of COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases. Then, hub DEGs, as well as hub immune-related and mitochondria-related DEGs, were screened. Additionally, nine potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19-related cardiovascular diseases were proposed. Furthermore, the expression patterns of most of the hub genes related to cardiovascular diseases in the validation dataset along with cellular and mouse myocardial damage models, were consistent with the findings of bioinformatics analysis.

Conclusions
The study unveiled the molecular networks and signaling pathways connecting COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases, which may provide novel targets for intervention of COVID-19-related cardiovascular diseases.