bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Category-Aware Saliency Enhance Learning Based on CLIP for Weakly Supervised Salient Object Detection
Authors: Zhang Yunde , Zhang Zhili , Liu Tianshan , Kong Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWeakly supervised salient object detection (SOD) using image-level category labels has been proposed to reduce the annotation cost of pixel-level labels. However, existing methods mostly train a classification network to generate a class activation map, which suffers from coarse localization and difficult pseudo-label updating. To address these issues, we propose a novel Category-aware Saliency Enhance Learning (CSEL) method based on contrastive vision-language pre-training (CLIP), which can perform image-text classification and pseudo-label updating simultaneously. Our proposed method transforms image-text classification into pixel-text matching and generates a category-aware saliency map, which is evaluated by the classification accuracy. Moreover, CSEL assesses the quality of the category-aware saliency map and the pseudo saliency map, and uses the quality confidence scores as weights to update the pseudo labels. The two maps mutually enhance each other to guide the pseudo saliency map in the correct direction. Our SOD network can be trained jointly under the supervision of the updated pseudo saliency maps. We test our model on various well-known RGB-D and RGB SOD datasets. Our model achieves an S-measure of 87.6$$\%$$
%
on the RGB-D NLPR dataset and 84.3$$\%$$
%
on the RGB ECSSD dataset. Additionally, we obtain satisfactory performance on the weakly supervised E-measure, F-measure, and mean absolute error metrics for other datasets. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our model.
Genome-wide identification, stress- and hormone-responsive expression characteristics, and regulatory pattern analysis of Scutellaria baicalensis SbSPLs
Authors: Wu Jia-wen , Zhao Zi-yi , Hu Ren-chuan , Huang Yun-feng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKEs (SPLs) encode plant-specific transcription factors that regulate plant growth and development, stress response, and metabolite accumulation. However, there is limited information on Scutellaria baicalensis SPLs. In this study, 14 SbSPLs were identified and divided into 8 groups based on phylogenetic relationships. SbSPLs in the same group had similar structures. Abscisic acid-responsive (ABRE) and MYB binding site (MBS) cis-acting elements were found in the promoters of 8 and 6 SbSPLs. Segmental duplications and transposable duplications were the main causes of SbSPL expansion. Expression analysis based on transcriptional profiling showed that SbSPL1, SbSPL10, and SbSPL13 were highly expressed in roots, stems, and flowers, respectively. Expression analysis based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT‒qPCR) showed that most SbSPLs responded to low temperature, drought, abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA), among which the expression levels of SbSPL7/9/10/12 were significantly upregulated in response to abiotic stress. These results indicate that SbSPLs are involved in the growth, development and stress response of S. baicalensis. In addition, 8 Sba-miR156/157 s were identified, and SbSPL1-5 was a potential target of Sba-miR156/157 s. The results of target gene prediction and coexpression analysis together indicated that SbSPLs may be involved in the regulation of L-phenylalanine (L-Phe), lignin and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis. In summary, the identification and characterization of the SbSPL gene family lays the foundation for functional research and provides a reference for improved breeding of S. baicalensis stress resistance and quality traits.
Regional and sectoral variations in the ability to attract funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program and Horizon 2020
Authors: Piro Fredrik Niclas , Seeber Marco , Wang Lili 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe funding from the European Union’s Framework Programs for Research and Innovation (EU FPs) is skewed across European countries and institutions. The goal of this article is to deepen our understanding of this skewness by incorporating a regional (NUTS-2) and a sectoral (higher education sector and private sector) perspective when studying the ability to attract 71.6 billion euros of research funding distributed by the EU Framework Programs between 2007 and 2020, and to explore how it changed from FP7 to Horizon 2020. We explore the ability to attract grant funding per unit of R&D personnel, and how it is affected by a region’s volume of research personnel, R&D investments, research intensity, level of development, and mediated by the amount of funding requested. In the private sector, we find that several Southern European regions are highly capable of attracting funding, primarily through a high proposal intensity, e.g., large amounts of funding requested. In the higher education sector, regions in the so-called “blue banana” are particularly able to attract funding, due to high levels of R&D investments, strong research intensity, and a high amount of funding requested. From FP7 to Horizon 2020, we observe increasing divergence in the ability to attract funding in the private sector, in favor of peripheral regions, which aligns with the aims of the European Commission's cohesion policy.
Bibliometric analysis of Sci-Hub downloads by Egyptian researchers
Authors: Osman Ismail Ragab , Ahmed Hendy Abdullah Hendy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study we present an in-depth bibliometric analysis of Sci-Hub downloads by Egyptian researchers based on the 2017 download log file. The study reveals that Egyptian researchers heavily rely on Sci-Hub, generating a substantial 1,357,526 download requests in 2017, with 65% of these occurring outside regular working hours. Cairo emerges as a central hub for this activity, contributing 81.58% of total downloads. Journal articles constitute the majority of downloads at 82.36%, followed by conference papers (12.89%). A discernible trend shows a preference for recent papers published between 2012 and 2017, highlighting the demand for up-to-date research. The analysis also highlights prominent publishers, including IEEE, Elsevier, Wiley, and Springer, as preferred sources for Egyptian researchers. “Journal of the American Chemical Society” and “Journal of Applied Physics” stand out among accessed journals, while IEEE-associated conferences, notably “IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting,” dominate conference paper downloads. Examining journal accessibility via the Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB) reveals that 62.84% of journals are accessible, with Science Direct as the leading provider (28.37%). However, a significant gap emerges as 87.39% of downloaded conference papers remain inaccessible through EKB. Furthermore, a semantic analysis highlights recurring themes such as “systems,” “review,” “analysis,” “treatment,” “power,” and “energy,” reflecting the key research areas of Egyptian researchers. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into Sci-Hub’s role in supplementing Egyptian researchers’ resource access and underscores the need for comprehensive resource coverage and accessibility enhancements.
Using heterogeneous computing and edge computing to accelerate anomaly detection in remotely sensed multispectral images
Authors: López-Fandiño Javier , B. Heras Dora , Argüello Francisco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a parallel algorithm exploiting heterogeneous computing and edge computing for anomaly detection (AD) in remotely sensed multispectral images. These images present high spatial resolution and are captured onboard unmanned aerial vehicles. AD is applied to identify patterns within an image that do not conform to the expected behavior. In this paper, the anomalies correspond to human-made constructions that trigger alarms related to the integrity of fluvial ecosystems. An algorithm based on extracting spatial information by using extinction profiles (EPs) and detecting anomalies by using the Reed–Xiaoli (RX) technique is proposed. The parallel algorithm presented in this paper is designed to be executed on multi-node heterogeneous computing platforms that include nodes with multi-core central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs) and on a mobile embedded system consisting of a multi-core CPU and a GPU. The experiments are carried out on nodes of the FinisTerrae III supercomputer and, with the objective of analyzing its efficiency under different energy consumption scenarios, on a Jetson AGX Orin.
Lying and self-defeating prophecies
Authors: Freitag Wolfgang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe paper disputes the common view which holds that to lie is, essentially, to assert a disbelieved proposition. It shows by reference to self-defeating prophecies that one can lie by asserting a believed proposition, and by reference to self-fulfilling prophecies that one can be truthful by asserting a disbelieved proposition. It concludes that lying is, essentially, asserting a proposition believed to be false conditionally on the occurrence of the assertion.
Order-of-Mutation Effects on Cancer Progression: Models for Myeloproliferative Neoplasm
Authors: Wang Yue , Shtylla Blerta , Chou Tom 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn some patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), two genetic mutations are often found: JAK2 V617F and one in the TET2 gene. Whether one mutation is present influences how the other subsequent mutation will affect the regulation of gene expression. In other words, when a patient carries both mutations, the order of when they first arose has been shown to influence disease progression and prognosis. We propose a nonlinear ordinary differential equation, the Moran process, and Markov chain models to explain the non-additive and non-commutative mutation effects on recent clinical observations of gene expression patterns, proportions of cells with different mutations, and ages at diagnosis of MPN. Combined, these observations are used to shape our modeling framework. Our key proposal is that bistability in gene expression provides a natural explanation for many observed order-of-mutation effects. We also propose potential experimental measurements that can be used to confirm or refute predictions of our models.
Initial validation of the new browser-based application DREEP for diagnosis of common chronic sleep disorders
Authors: Dietz-Terjung Sarah , Eggert Torsten , Judickiene Julija , Hofherr Georg , Schöbel Christoph 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Traditionally, individuals with chronically disordered sleep are referred to a sleep specialist, who would usually arrange diagnostic investigations including polygraphy and/or polysomnography (PSG). Dr. Sleep (DREEP) is a browser-based application developed for diagnosing common chronic sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), periodic leg movements (PLMD), and insomnia in adults. The DREEP algorithm is based on disease-specific questions adapted from validated sleep questionnaires. This study evaluated the preliminary performance of DREEP for the diagnosis and severity assessment of sleep disorders in adults with chronically disordered sleep.

Methods
Sixty-four individuals admitted to the sleep laboratory of the Department of Sleep Medicine at the University of Essen, Germany, were recruited. Medical sleep history was taken by a sleep specialist. Each participant underwent full-night PSG and used the DREEP application on a tablet in the evening of admission or the morning after diagnostic sleep testing.

Results
DREEP predicted OSA with a sensitivity of 97%, but specificity was low at 25% (it had a tendency to overestimate OSA). DREEP had sensitivity of 79.2% and specificity of 80% for detecting PLMD/restless legs syndrome (RLS). The application showed the best performance for detection of insomnia (sensitivity 90%, specificity 83%), and successfully detected one individual with clinically confirmed narcolepsy.

Conclusion
This initial validation study has shown that the browser-based application DREEP is adequately able to assess risk and improve the pre-test probability for prescribing further tests in individuals with common chronic sleep disorders, including OSA, PLMD/RLS, and insomnia. In addition, DREEP was able to correctly identify most individuals without these conditions despite a tendency to overestimate. In a follow-up study, the promising clinical accuracy of DREEP needs to be substantiated by adding a healthy control group.
Resistant Hypertension: Disease Burden and Emerging Treatment Options
Authors: Flack John M. , Buhnerkempe Michael G. , Moore Kenneth Todd 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To define resistant hypertension (RHT), review its pathophysiology and disease burden, identify barriers to effective hypertension management, and to highlight emerging treatment options.

Recent Findings
RHT is defined as uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) ≥ 130/80 mm Hg despite concurrent prescription of ≥ 3 or ≥ 4 antihypertensive drugs in different classes or controlled BP despite prescription of  ≥ to 4 drugs, at maximally tolerated doses, including a diuretic. BP is regulated by a complex interplay between the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, the sympathetic nervous system, the endothelin system, natriuretic peptides, the arterial vasculature, and the immune system; disruption of any of these can increase BP. RHT is disproportionately manifest in African Americans, older patients, and those with diabetes and/or chronic kidney disease (CKD). Amongst drug-treated hypertensives, only one-quarter have been treated intensively enough (prescribed > 2 drugs) to be considered for this diagnosis. New treatment strategies aimed at novel therapeutic targets include inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, aminopeptidase A, aldosterone synthesis, phosphodiesterase 5, xanthine oxidase, and dopamine beta-hydroxylase, as well as soluble guanylate cyclase stimulation, nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism, and dual endothelin receptor antagonism.

Summary
The burden of RHT remains high. Better use of currently approved therapies and integrating emerging therapies are welcome additions to the therapeutic armamentarium for addressing needs in high-risk aTRH patients.
GABAergic and inflammatory changes in the frontal cortex following neonatal PCP plus isolation rearing, as a dual-hit neurodevelopmental model for schizophrenia
Authors: Cale Jennifer A. , Chauhan Ethan J. , Cleaver Joshua J. , Fusciardi Anthoio R. , McCann Sophie , Waters Hannah C. , Žavbi Juš , King Madeleine V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe pathogenesis of schizophrenia begins in early neurodevelopment and leads to excitatory-inhibitory imbalance. It is therefore essential that preclinical models used to understand disease, select drug targets and evaluate novel therapeutics encompass similar neurochemical deficits. One approach to improved preclinical modelling incorporates dual-hit neurodevelopmental insults, like neonatal administration of phencyclidine (PCP, to disrupt development of glutamatergic circuitry) then post-weaning isolation (Iso, to mimic adolescent social stress). We recently showed that male Lister-hooded rats exposed to PCP-Iso exhibit reduced hippocampal expression of the GABA interneuron marker calbindin. The current study expanded on this by investigating changes to additional populations of GABAergic interneurons in frontal cortical and hippocampal tissue from the same animals (by immunohistochemistry) as well as levels of GABA itself (via ELISA). Because inflammatory changes are also implicated in schizophrenia, we performed additional immunohistochemical evaluations of Iba-1 positive microglia as well as ELISA analysis of IL-6 in the same brain regions. Single-hit isolation-reared and dual-hit PCP-Iso rats both showed reduced parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the prelimbic/infralimbic region of the frontal cortex. However, this was more widespread in PCP-Iso, extending to the medial/ventral and lateral/dorsolateral orbitofrontal cortices. Loss of GABAergic markers was accompanied by increased microglial activation in the medial/ventral orbitofrontal cortices of PCP-Iso, together with frontal cortical IL-6 elevations not seen following single-hit isolation rearing. These findings enhance the face validity of PCP-Iso, and we advocate the use of this preclinical model for future evaluation of novel therapeutics—especially those designed to normalise excitatory-inhibitory imbalance or reduce neuroinflammation.
“We Never Say We Are Integrating People!” Interpretative Repertoires of Integration Among Local Stakeholders in Sweden
Authors: Hemmaty Mona , Lind Jacob , Hansen Christina , Khoury Nadeen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article examines how local stakeholders in Scania, the southernmost county of Sweden, talk about integration. Drawing on 28 qualitative interviews, we use the theoretical concept of interpretative repertoires to analyze perceptions and conceptualizations among those who work closely with migrant integration. We identify two interpretative repertoires that stakeholders draw upon to make sense of the concept on the ground: the separation and de-migranticization repertoires. The repertoires display a shared understanding among the stakeholders of integration as a failure, although they do not agree on the extent or cause of the perceived failures of integration, or even how the problems should be defined or tackled locally. Within the separation repertoire, integration is failing in terms of processes where primarily migrants are seen as accountable and responsible for their (in)ability to adapt to the Swedish society. Within the de-migranticization repertoire, integration is differently perceived as something that is plagued with misdirected or even false boundaries between groups (in this case “migrants” and “non-migrants”), and authorities are held accountable for problems beyond migrants and migration, such as inequality, racism, and discrimination. The findings reflect the contested field of integration on the ground and contribute to ongoing critical debates on the concept of integration within migration research, by providing snapshots from a bottom-up perspective of local stakeholders’ acceptance of, or resistance to, present-day integration discourses.
Online learners’ self-regulated learning skills regarding LMS interactions: a profiling study
Authors: Çakiroğlu Ünal , Kokoç Mehmet , Atabay Melek 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis profiling study deals with the self-regulated learning skills of online learners based on their interaction behaviors on the learning management system. The learners were profiled through their interaction behaviors via cluster analysis. Following a correlational model with the interaction data of learners, the post-test questionnaire data were used to determine self-regulated learning skills scores during the learning process. Regarding the scores, the clusters were named through the prominent interactions of the learners yielding three clusters; actively engaged (Cluster1), assessment-oriented (Cluster2), and passively-oriented (Cluster3), respectively. The profiles in the clusters indicate that assessments were mostly used by the learners in Cluster2, while the frequency of the content tools was high in Cluster1. Surprisingly, some tools such as glossary, survey, and chat did not play a prominent role in discriminating the clusters. Suggestions for future implementations of self-regulated learning and effective online learning in learning management systems are also included.
Enhancing fermentation yield for biohydrogen production using eco-friendly nickel and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Yildirim Oznur , Ozkaya Bestami 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the sustainable metal oxide nanoparticle synthesis using various plant leaf extracts as reducing agents has gained significant attention in the field of renewable energy research. This study explores the biohydrogen yield enhancement potential of two types of nanoparticles derived from olive leaves. Synthesized nanoparticles are characterized by SEM, EDX, and FTIR spectrum analyses; these nanoparticles exhibit mean dimensions of 385 nm and 292 nm. Fermentation experiments were conducted using varying ratios of the two types of nanoparticles ranging from 50 to 500 mg/L to determine the impact of these nanoparticles on bio-hydrogen yield. Remarkably, with the usage of 200 mg/L of nickel ferrite nanoparticles boosted biohydrogen yield by 47%, while 200 mg/L of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles increased it by 41%. These findings highlight the potential of sustainably synthesized nanoparticles, especially those from olive leaves, as catalysts for enhancing biohydrogen production in dark fermentation processes. This research offers promising insights into eco-friendly bioenergy generation.
The Pannon LitH2Oscope magnetotelluric array in the Pannonian Basin
Authors: Rubóczki Tibor , Novák Attila , Liptai Nóra , Porkoláb Kristóf , Molnár Csaba , Galsa Attila , Molnár Gábor , Wesztergom Viktor , Kovács István János 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Pannonian Basin is one of the best natural laboratories in the world to study the lithospheric response to continental extension and subsequent tectonic inversion. Here we address the topic of lithospheric structure by a combined geochemical and magnetotelluric analysis, which has been carried out in the framework of the Pannon LitH2Oscope project. The main objective was to detect the resistivity distribution over the entire lithosphere by magnetotelluric measurements, considering the lithological resistivity properties and relate the results to the structure and evolution of the Pannonian Basin. The Pannon LitH2Oscope MT array was used to estimate the depth of the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary (LAB), considering the legacy MT data and compared to previous estimates for the region. Using the MT and geomagnetic response functions, major structural zones of the Pannonian basin, such as the Mid-Hungarian Shear Zone or fault systems like the Makó Trough and the Békés Basin, were also imaged. In addition, we used the apparent resistivity soundings to compare 1D resistivity models computed from geochemistry and obtained from field MT measurements. This comparison provided new constrains for the composition, fluid and melt content variations at the local lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. The Pannon LitH2Oscope MT dataset and the results presented in this paper provide input for more complex 3D inversions and further investigations of the lithospheric structure in the Carpathian-Pannonian region.