bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Static, refractive and monolithic Fourier transform spectrometer: development and prototyping
Authors: Frassetto Fabio , Cocola Lorenzo , Zuppella Paola , Da Deppo Vania , Poletto Luca 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStatic Fourier transform spectrometers are devices that can be realized as monolithic and compact assemblies. In the “grating-based” monolithic version, they are usually realized gluing together a beam-splitter with two reflective diffraction gratings using spacers as connecting elements. In this work we present the development and test of an alternative form of this kind of instrument in which the dispersive elements are Littrow’s prisms and are glued to the splitting element, forming in this way a robust and filled structure with no air gaps. The device can work in the visible/near infrared spectral region with a resolution power that varies across the spectral range due to the dispersion of the used glasses. The absence of hollow regions inside the monolithic block makes the device extremely robust and protects the optical surfaces inside the interferometer from possible contaminations. The device can be easily miniaturized, as it does not require spacers or structural elements other than just the optical parts. The tested instrument works in the 470–850 nm wavelength range with a variable resolution between 3000 and 300.
Electrical, optical, and electrochemical performances of phosphate-glasses-doped with ZnO and CuO and their composite with polyaniline
Authors: Mahani Ragab , Helmy A. Kh. , Fathi A. M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPhosphate-based glasses (PBG) with appropriate doping agents have been used as solid electrolytes in solid-state ionic devices. Therefore, more light was shed on the electrical, optical, and electrochemical behavior of the phosphate-based glasses (PBG), containing ZnO or CuO in the absence and existence of conductive polyaniline (PANI), since no publications are available concerning this work. The glass samples were prepared by the rapid quenching method, then mixing phosphate glass and polyaniline (PANI) with metal oxide (ZnO, CuO). They were characterized by different techniques; diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer (DRS), broadband dielectric spectrometer (BDS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and charge–discharge techniques. In the DRS study, the direct and indirect band gap were calculated from Tauc’s relationship where CuO-doped glasses have higher values than ZnO-doped glasses. In the BDS study, the permittivity of all glass compositions decreased while AC conductivity increased with increasing frequency. AC conductivity of PBG doped with metal oxides and mixed with PANI exhibited semiconducting features (6.8 × 10–4 S/cm). Further, these composites exhibited lower loss tangent (0.11), and giant permittivity (186,000) compared to the pure PBG. Also, the electrochemical study exhibited that the composite with 7% CuO content has the highest specific capacitance value (82.3 F/g at 1.0 A/g) which increased to about 113% of its first cycle and then decreased to about 55% after 2500 cycles and finally increased again to 77% after 4500 cycles, indicating its good stability. The combination of optical, electrical, and electrochemical features of these composites suggests their use for energy generation and storage devices.
Statistically downscaled CMIP6 ocean variables for European waters
Authors: Kristiansen Trond , Butenschön Momme , Peck Myron A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractClimate change impact studies need climate projections for different scenarios and at scales relevant to planning and management, preferably for a variety of models and realizations to capture the uncertainty in these models. To address current gaps, we statistically downscaled (SD) 3–7 CMIP6 models for five key indicators of marine habitat conditions: temperature, salinity, pH, oxygen, and chlorophyll across European waters for three climate scenarios SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5. Results provide ensemble averages and uncertainty estimates that can serve as input data for projecting the potential success of a range of Nature-based Solutions, including the restoration of habitat-forming species such as seagrass in the Mediterranean and kelp in coastal areas of Portugal and Norway. Evaluation of the ensemble with observations from four European regions (North Sea, Baltic Sea, Bay of Biscay, and Mediterranean Sea) indicates that the SD projections realistically capture the climatological conditions of the historical period 1993–2020. Model skill (Liu-mean efficiency, Pearson correlation) clearly improves for both surface temperature and oxygen across all regions with respect to the original ESMs demonstrating a higher skill for temperature compared to oxygen. Warming is evident across all areas and large differences among scenarios fully emerge from the background uncertainties related to internal variability and model differences in the second half of the century. Scenario-specific differences in acidification significantly emerge from model uncertainty and internal variability leading to distinct trajectories in surface pH starting before mid-century (in some cases starting from present day). Deoxygenation is also present across all domains, but the climate signal was significantly weaker compared to the other two indicators when compared to model uncertainty and internal variability, and the impact of different greenhouse gas trajectories is less distinct. The substantial regional and local heterogeneity in these three abiotic indicators underscores the need for highly spatially resolved physical and biogeochemical projections to understand how climate change may impact marine ecosystems.
APPA-3D: an autonomous 3D path planning algorithm for UAVs in unknown complex environments
Authors: Wang Jintao , Zhao Zuyi , Qu Jiayi , Chen Xingguo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDue to their high flexibility, low cost, and ease of handling, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are often used to perform difficult tasks in complex environments. Stable and reliable path planning capability is the fundamental demand for UAVs to accomplish their flight tasks. Most researches on UAV path planning are carried out under the premise of known environmental information, and it is difficult to safely reach the target position in the face of unknown environment. Thus, an autonomous collision-free path planning algorithm for UAVs in unknown complex environments (APPA-3D) is proposed. An anti-collision control strategy is designed using the UAV collision safety envelope, which relies on the UAV's environmental awareness capability to continuously interact with external environmental information. A dynamic reward function of reinforcement learning combined with the actual flight environment is designed and an optimized reinforcement learning action exploration strategy based on the action selection probability is proposed. Then, an improved RL algorithm is used to simulate the UAV flight process in unknown environment, and the algorithm is trained by interacting with the environment, which finally realizes autonomous collision-free path planning for UAVs. The comparative experimental results in the same environment show that APPA-3D can effectively guide the UAV to plan a safe and collision-free path from the starting point to the target point in an unknown complex 3D environment.
Quantifying the consequences of unsustainable sand mining and cascade dams on aspects in a tropical river basin
Authors: Nguyen Binh Quang , Kantoush Sameh A. , Sumi Tetsuya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHuman interventions at the river basin scale, such as sand mining and hydropower dam construction, have profoundly affected hydrological and hydraulic alteration regimes, sediment budgets, and morphological changes worldwide. Quantifying the consequences of unsustainable ongoing sand mining and hydropower is crucial for obtaining sediment load data and managing hydrogeomorphology. In this study, comprehensive long-term consecutive four-field monitoring, statistical methods, and hydrological models (SWAT) were applied to quantify the spatiotemporal changes in long-term discharge and sediment load from 1996 to 2020 for the tropical river of the Vu Gia Thu Bon (VGTB) in the central region of Vietnam. The SWAT model was calibrated from 1996 to 2010, validated from 2011 to 2020 and showed good performance for daily discharge and monthly sediment. The evolution of river bathymetric data (2010, 2015, 2018, and 2021) was analysed to clarify the upstream sediment supply trapped in the riverbed and how the sand mining volume was removed. The results showed that the mean annual sediment in the Vu Gia and Thu Bon Rivers decreased by 57.3% and 23.8%, respectively, in the postdam period compared with the predam period. The thalweg elevation decreased at the Ai Nghia and Giao Thuy stations from 2010 to 2021 by 1.8 m and 3.9 m, respectively. The water level decreased by 21.1% at Ai Nghia and 44.3% at Giao Thuy. Dam development, sand mining, and changes in land use are the main factors responsible for flow discharge and sediment morphodynamic alterations. Morphological change have increased the water transfer rate from the Vu Gia River to the Thu Bon River through the Quang Hue channel. Downstream of the Vu Gia River, water transfer and riverbed incision have decreased flow discharge and water level and increased saltwater intrusion in recent years. As a result, water shortages induced by saltwater intrusion during drought periods have emerged as a significant constraint in hindering the domestic water supply and agricultural production.
Study on the dynamic adsorption and recycling of phosphorus by Fe–Mn oxide/mulberry branch biochar composite adsorbent
Authors: Meina Liang , Qiao Mushi , Zhang Qing , Xu Shuiping , Wang Dunqiu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, the Fe–Mn oxide/mulberry stem biochar composite adsorbent (FM-MBC) was prepared and fully characterized by SEM-EDS, XRD, BET, and XPS. The solution pH (3.0, 4.5, and 6.0), initial concentration of phosphorus (10, 20, and 30 mg L−1), adsorbent bed height (2, 3, and 4 cm), and solution flow rate (1, 2, and 3 mL min−1) were investigated to analyze the breakthrough curves. The results showed that the breakthrough time was shortened as the initial phosphorus concentration, the flow rate increased and the bed height decreased. Higher initial phosphorus concentrations, flow rates, and lower bed heights, led to a faster breakthrough of phosphate ions in the FM-MBC adsorbent. Additionally, it was observed that increasing the pH value was not conducive to the adsorption of phosphorus by the FM-MBC adsorbent. Dynamic adsorption data were fitted to four models (Yoon-Nelson, Thomas, Adams-Bohart, and Bed Depth Service Time), and the R2 values of the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models exhibited minimal variation, suggesting that the dynamic adsorption process of FM-MBC was rather intricate. The saturated fixed-bed column (including FM-MBC) was regenerated with NaOH or HCl, and it was found that a 0.1 mol L−1 NaOH solution had the best regeneration effect. XRD analysis showed that the reaction product between the FM-MBC composite and phosphate anions was Fe3(PO4)2·H2O. Moreover, the experimental results that FM-MBC can successfully be used to remove phosphorus from actual wastewater.
A numerical investigation of the behavior of a tunnel with adaptive anti-dislocation measures subjected to the action of fault dislocation
Authors: Bi Fajiang , He Xiao , Zhang Yanjie , Cui Zhen , Mei Xiancheng , Li Jianhe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the context of long-distance cross-basin water transfer projects, the water conveyance tunnel serves as a pivotal component in mitigating regional disparities between economic development and water resources allocation. However, in high seismic-intensity areas of southwest China, geological complexities and densely distributed active faults present formidable challenges. Consequently, the construction of water conveyance tunnels necessitates traversing one or more active fault zones. This study examines the impact of an adaptive tunnel structure in the presence of fault dislocation, focusing on the Xianglushan Tunnel, a constituent of the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project. Taking the Longpan-Qiaohou Fault F10-1 as a case study, we assess the influence of active faults on the anti-dislocation adaptive structure of the Xianglushan Tunnel, considering factors such as displacement, relative deformation, maximum principal stresses, and longitudinal equivalent internal force in critical tunnel sections. Numerical calculations validate the efficacy of this adaptive structure in reducing induced internal forces and deformations of the tunnel lining. The results show that, under the influence of strike-slip dominated fault movement, one side of the tunnel exhibits tensile stress, with a magnitude of approximately 5 MPa. The maximum normal and tangential deformation of the hinge joint is concentrated in the central section of the fault zone. The incorporation of an articulated adaptive design significantly enhances the stress state of lining under dislocation condition. These research results directly inform the engineering design and construction of water conveyance tunnels traversing active fault regions, providing valuable guidance for related tunnel construction endeavors.
The importance of educational tools and a new software solution for visualizing and quantifying report correction in radiology training
Authors: Salhöfer Luca , Haubold Johannes , Gutt Maurice , Hosch René , Umutlu Lale , Meetschen Mathias , Schuessler Maximilian , Forsting Michael , Nensa Felix , Schaarschmidt Benedikt Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA novel software, DiffTool, was developed in-house to keep track of changes made by board-certified radiologists to preliminary reports created by residents and evaluate its impact on radiological hands-on training. Before (t0) and after (t2−4) the deployment of the software, 18 residents (median age: 29 years; 33% female) completed a standardized questionnaire on professional training. At t2−4 the participants were also requested to respond to three additional questions to evaluate the software. Responses were recorded via a six-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (“strongly agree”) to 6 (“strongly disagree”). Prior to the release of the software, 39% (7/18) of the residents strongly agreed with the statement that they manually tracked changes made by board-certified radiologists to each of their radiological reports while 61% were less inclined to agree with that statement. At t2−4, 61% (11/18) stated that they used DiffTool to track differences. Furthermore, we observed an increase from 33% (6/18) to 44% (8/18) of residents who agreed to the statement “I profit from every corrected report”. The DiffTool was well accepted among residents with a regular user base of 72% (13/18), while 78% (14/18) considered it a relevant improvement to their training. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of providing a time-efficient way to analyze changes made to preliminary reports as an additive for professional training.
Evidence of second-order transition and critical scaling for the dynamical ordering transition in current-driven vortices
Authors: Maegochi S. , Ienaga K. , Okuma S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDynamical ordering from a disordered plastic flow to an anisotropically ordered smectic flow induced by a dc force has been studied in various many-particle systems, including vortices in type-II superconductors. However, it remains unclear whether the dynamical ordering is a true phase transition because of lack of suitable experimental methods. Here, we study the response of vortex flow to the transverse force using a cross-shaped amorphous Mo$$_{x}$$

x

Ge$$_{1-x}$$

1
-
x

film. From transverse current-voltage (force-velocity) characteristics under various longitudinal currents, we find a change of the transverse response in low voltage (velocity) regions from a nonlinear to linear behavior at a well-defined longitudinal current that marks the dynamical ordering transition. We also find the scaling collapse of the transverse current-voltage curves to a universal scaling function, providing evidence of the second-order transition for the dynamical ordering transition.
Methane yield response to pretreatment is dependent on substrate chemical composition: a meta-analysis on anaerobic digestion systems
Authors: Anacleto Thuane Mendes , Kozlowsky-Suzuki Betina , Björn Annika , Yekta Sepehr Shakeri , Masuda Laura Shizue Moriga , de Oliveira Vinícius Peruzzi , Enrich-Prast Alex 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProper pretreatment of organic residues prior to anaerobic digestion (AD) can maximize global biogas production from varying sources without increasing the amount of digestate, contributing to global decarbonization goals. However, the efficiency of pretreatments applied on varying organic streams is poorly assessed. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis on AD studies to evaluate the efficiencies of pretreatments with respect to biogas production measured as methane yield. Based on 1374 observations our analysis shows that pretreatment efficiency is dependent on substrate chemical dominance. Grouping substrates by chemical composition e.g., lignocellulosic-, protein- and lipid-rich dominance helps to highlight the appropriate choice of pretreatment that supports maximum substrate degradation and more efficient conversion to biogas. Methane yield can undergo an impactful increase compared to untreated controls if proper pretreatment of substrates of a given chemical dominance is applied. Non-significant or even adverse effects on AD are, however, observed when the substrate chemical dominance is disregarded.
Investigating hybrid nanoparticles for drug delivery in multi-stenosed catheterized arteries under magnetic field effects
Authors: Hussain Azad , Riaz Dar Muhammad Naveel , Khalid Cheema Warda , Kanwal Rimsha , Han Yanshuo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis groundbreaking study pioneers the exploration of the therapeutic implications of a constant magnetic field simultaneously with hybrid nanoparticles on blood flow within a tapered artery, characterized by multiple stenosis along its exterior walls and a central thrombus, employing three-dimensional bio-fluid simulations. In addition, a magnetized catheter is inserted into the thrombus to increase the therapeutic potential of this novel method. The flow condition under consideration has applications in targeted medication distribution, improved medical device design, and improved diagnostics, as well as in advancing healthcare and biomedical engineering. Our investigation primarily aims to optimize blood flow efficiency, encompassing key parameters like pressure, velocity, and heat fluctuations influenced by diverse geometric constraints within the stenotic artery. Precise solutions are obtained through the finite element method (FEM) coupled with advanced bio-fluid dynamics (BFD) software. Hybrid nanoparticles and magnetic fields impacted pressure and velocity, notably reducing pressure within the stenosis. Convective heat flux remained uniform, while temperature profiles showed consistent inlet rise and gradual decline with transient variations. This approach promotes fluid flow, and convection within stenosed arteries, enhances heat transport, evacuates heat from stenotic regions, and improves heat dispersion to surrounding tissues. These findings hold promise for targeted therapies, benefiting patients with vascular disorders, and advancing our understanding of complex bio-fluid dynamics.
The Gompertz Law emerges naturally from the inter-dependencies between sub-components in complex organisms
Authors: Nielsen Pernille Yde , Jensen Majken K , Mitarai Namiko , Bhatt Samir 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnderstanding and facilitating healthy aging has become a major goal in medical research and it is becoming increasingly acknowledged that there is a need for understanding the aging phenotype as a whole rather than focusing on individual factors. Here, we provide a universal explanation for the emergence of Gompertzian mortality patterns using a systems approach to describe aging in complex organisms that consist of many inter-dependent subsystems. Our model relates to the Sufficient-Component Cause Model, widely used within the field of epidemiology, and we show that including inter-dependencies between subsystems and modeling the temporal evolution of subsystem failure results in Gompertizan mortality on the population level. Our model also provides temporal trajectories of mortality-risk for the individual. These results may give insight into understanding how biological age evolves stochastically within the individual, and how this in turn leads to a natural heterogeneity of biological age in a population.
A computational study on the effects of fast-rising voltage on ionization fronts initiated in sub-mm air and CO$$_{2}$$ gaps
Authors: Wong Timothy , Timoshkin Igor , MacGregor Scott , Wilson Mark , Given Martin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGas discharge and breakdown phenomena have become increasingly important for the development of an ever-growing number of applications. The need for compact and miniaturized systems within power, pulsed power, semiconductor, and power electronic industries has led to the imposing of significant operating electric field stresses on components, even within applications with low operating voltages. Consequently, the interest in gas discharge processes in sub-millimeter and microscale gaps has grown, as the understanding of their initiation and propagation is critical to the further optimization of these technologies. In this work, a computational study of primary ionization fronts has been conducted, which systematically investigated the role of voltage rate-of-rise in point-plane and point-point electrode geometries with an inter-electrode gap maintained at 250 $$\upmu$$
μ
m and a needle radius of 80 $$\upmu$$
μ
m. Using the hydrodynamic approach with the local mean energy approximation, along with simplified plasma chemistry, simulations have been performed under positive and negative ramp voltages, rising at 50, 25, 16.67, 12.5, and 10 kV/ns in synthetic air and in pure CO$$_{2}$$

2

. Results on the developed electric field, electron densities, and propagation velocities are presented and discussed. Effects on the cathode sheath thickness scaling with voltage rate-of-rise have been additionally analyzed, the mechanisms behind these effects and their potential impacts are discussed. The work conducted in this study contributes towards an increased understanding of the gas discharge process, under fast-transients and nonuniform electric fields, with relevance to microelectromechanical, power, and pulsed power system design.