bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eliminating Halogen Vacancies Enables Efficient MACL‐Assisted Formamidine Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Liu Tianxiao , Li Meng , He Tingwei , Guo Gaofu , Liu Pengfei , Chen Ting , Yang Jien , Qin Chaochao , Dai Xianqi , Yuan Mingjian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMethylammonium chloride (MACl) additive is almost irreplaceable in high‐performance formamidine perovskite photovoltaics. Nevertheless, Some of the problems that can arise from adding MACl are rarely mentioned. Herein, it is proposed for the first time that the addition of MACl would cause the non‐stoichiometric ratio in the perovskite film, resulting in the halogen vacancy. It is demonstrated that the non‐synchronous volatilization of methylamine cations and chloride ions leads to the formation of halogen vacancy defects. To solve this problem, the NH4HCOO is introduced into the perovskite precursor solution to passivate the halogen vacancy. The HCOO− ions have a strong force with lead ions and can fill the halogen vacancy defects. Consequently, the champion devices' power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be improved from 21.23% to 23.72% with negligible hysteresis. And the unencapsulated device can still retain >90% of the initial PCE even operating in N2 atmosphere for over 1200 h. This work illustrates another halogen defect source in the MACl‐assisted formamidine perovskite photovoltaics and provides a new route to obtain high‐performance perovskite solar cells.
Decoupled Design for Highly Efficient Perchlorate Anion Intercalation and High‐Energy Rechargeable Aqueous Zn‐Graphite Batteries
Authors: Zheng Ying , Deng Ting , Shi Xiaoyuan , Zhang Hengbin , Liu Bo , Li Xun , Zheng Weitao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSeeking new cathode chemistry with high onset potential and compatibility with electrolytes has become a challenge for aqueous Zn ion batteries. Anion intercalation in graphite (4.5 V vs Li+/Li) possesses the potentiality but usually shows a competitive relationship with oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in aqueous solutions. Herein, a decoupled design is proposed to optimize a full utilization of perchlorate ion intercalation in graphite cathode by pH adjustment. Benefiting from the decoupled design, high Coulombic efficiency is obtained by decelerating the kinetic of OER in acidic media. The decoupled Zn‐graphite battery exhibits a wide potential window of 2.01 V, as well as an attractive energy density of 231 Wh kg−1. In addition, a Zn‐graphite battery with insertion is assembled, which demonstrates the capability of the proposed decoupled strategy to integrate novel electrode chemistries for high‐performance aqueous Zn‐based energy storage systems.
Chiral and Polar Duality Design of Heteroanionic Compounds: Sr18Ge9O5S31 Based on [Sr3OGeS3]2+ and [Sr3SGeS3]2+ Groups
Authors: Cui Shaoxin , Wu Hongping , Dong Xinkang , Hu Zhanggui , Wang Jiyang , Wu Yicheng , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R. , Yu Hongwei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChirality and polarity are the two most important and representative symmetry‐dependent properties. For polar structures, all the twofold axes perpendicular to the principal axis of symmetry should be removed. For chiral structures, all the mirror‐related symmetries and inversion axes should be removed. Especially for duality (polarity and chirality), all of the above symmetries should be broken and that also represents the highest‐level challenge. Herein, a new symmetry‐breaking strategy that employs heteroanionic groups to construct hourglass‐like [Sr3OGeS3]2+ and [Sr3SGeS3]2+ groups to design and synthesize a new oxychalcogenide Sr18Ge9O5S31 with chiral‐polar duality is proposed. The presence of two enantiomers of Sr18Ge9O5S31 is confirmed by the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Its optical activity and ferroelectricity are also studied by solid‐state circular dichroism spectroscopy and piezoresponse force microscopy, respectively. Further property measurements show that Sr18Ge9O5S31 possesses excellent nonlinear optical properties, including the strong second harmonic generation efficiency (≈2.5 × AGS), large bandgap (3.61 eV), and wide mid‐infrared transparent region (≈15.3 µm). These indicate that the unique microstructure groups of heteroanionic materials are conducive to realizing symmetry‐breaking and are able to provide some inspiration for exploring the chiral‐polar duality materials.
An Immunomodulatory Zinc‐Alum/Ovalbumin Nanovaccine Boosts Cancer Metalloimmunotherapy Through Erythrocyte‐Assisted Cascade Immune Activation
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhang Lingxiao , Li Pin , Liu Shanbiao , Yu Shiyi , Chen Zheng , Zhu Mingjian , Xie Shangzhi , Ling Daishun , Li Fangyuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCancer therapeutic vaccines are powerful tools for immune system activation and eliciting protective responses against tumors. However, their efficacy has often been hindered by weak and slow immune responses. Here, the authors introduce an immunization strategy employing senescent erythrocytes to facilitate the accumulation of immunomodulatory zinc‐Alum/ovalbumin (ZAlum/OVA) nanovaccines within both the spleen and solid tumors by temporarily saturating liver macrophages. This approach sets the stage for boosted cancer metalloimmunotherapy through a cascade immune activation. The accumulation of ZAlum/OVA nanovaccines in the spleen substantially enhances autophagy‐dependent antigen presentation in dendritic cells, rapidly initiating OVA‐specific T‐cell responses against solid tumors. Concurrently, ZAlum/OVA nanovaccines accumulated in the tumor microenvironment trigger immunogenic cell death, leading to the induction of individualized tumor‐associated antigen‐specific T cell responses and increased T cell infiltration. This erythrocyte‐assisted cascade immune activation using ZAlum/OVA nanovaccines results in rapid and robust antitumor immunity induction, holding great potential for clinical cancer metalloimmunotherapy.
STING Agonist‐Loaded Nanoparticles Promotes Positive Regulation of Type I Interferon‐Dependent Radioimmunotherapy in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhou Han , Chen Qingjing , Lin Zhiwen , Jiang Chenwei , Chen Xingte , Chen Mingdong , Liu Libin , Shao Lingdong , Liu Xiaolong , Pan Jianji , Wu Jingcheng , Song Jibin , Wu Junxin , Zhang Da 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHypoxia‐associated radioresistance in rectal cancer (RC) has severely hampered the response to radioimmunotherapy (iRT), necessitating innovative strategies to enhance RC radiosensitivity and improve iRT efficacy. Here, a catalytic radiosensitizer, DMPtNPS, and a STING agonist, cGAMP, are integrated to overcome RC radioresistance and enhance iRT. DMPtNPS promotes efficient X‐ray energy transfer to generate reactive oxygen species, while alleviating hypoxia within tumors, thereby increasing radiosensitivity. Mechanistically, the transcriptomic and immunoassay analysis reveal that the combination of DMPtNPS and RT provokes bidirectional regulatory effects on the immune response, which may potentially reduce the antitumor efficacy. To mitigate this, cGAMP is loaded into DMPtNPS to reverse the negative impact of DMPtNPS and RT on the tumor immune microenvironment (TiME) through the type I interferon‐dependent pathway, which promotes cancer immunotherapy. In a bilateral tumor model, the combination treatment of RT, DMPtNPS@cGAMP, and αPD‐1 demonstrates a durable complete response at the primary site and enhanced abscopal effect at the distant site. This study highlights the critical role of incorporating catalytic radiosensitizers and STING agonists into the iRT approach for RC.
Metavalent or Hypervalent Bonding: Is There a Chance for Reconciliation?
Authors: Wuttig Matthias , Schön Carl‐Friedrich , Kim Dasol , Golub Pavlo , Gatti Carlo , Raty Jean‐Yves , Kooi Bart J. , Pendás Ángel Martín , Arora Raagya , Waghmare Umesh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA family of solids including crystalline phase change materials such as GeTe and Sb2Te3, topological insulators like Bi2Se3, and halide perovskites such as CsPbI3 possesses an unconventional property portfolio that seems incompatible with ionic, metallic, or covalent bonding. Instead, evidence is found for a bonding mechanism characterized by half‐filled p‐bands and a competition between electron localization and delocalization. Different bonding concepts have recently been suggested based on quantum chemical bonding descriptors which either define the bonds in these solids as electron‐deficient (metavalent) or electron‐rich (hypervalent). This disagreement raises concerns about the accuracy of quantum–chemical bonding descriptors is showed. Here independent of the approach chosen, electron‐deficient bonds govern the materials mentioned above is showed. A detailed analysis of bonding in electron‐rich XeF2 and electron‐deficient GeTe shows that in both cases p‐electrons govern bonding, while s‐electrons only play a minor role. Yet, the properties of the electron‐deficient crystals are very different from molecular crystals of electron‐rich XeF2 or electron‐deficient B2H6. The unique properties of phase change materials and related solids can be attributed to an extended system of half‐filled bonds, providing further arguments as to why a distinct nomenclature such as metavalent bonding is adequate and appropriate for these solids.
Impact of Nitrogen Concentration and Post‐Deposition Annealing on Electrical Properties of AlON/Etched N‐GaN MOS Capacitors
Authors: Rocha Pedro Fernandes Paes Pinto , Zeghouane Mohammed , Boubenia Sarah , Bassani Franck , Vauche Laura , Martinez Eugénie , Vandendaele William , Veillerot Marc , Salem Bassem 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElectrical and material properties of plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposited (PE‐ALD) AlON on dry‐etched n‐type GaN substrates are investigated for nitrogen concentration ranging from 1.5% to 7.1%. Firstly, an increase in flat‐band voltage (VFB) and its hysteresis with increasing nitrogen concentration is reported. The increase in VFB is associated with the nitrogen content whereas the increase in hysteresis to the presence of impurities (hydroxyl groups and carbon‐related impurities). Alongside the nitrogen concentration, the impact of different post‐deposition annealing (PDA) temperatures is studied (400–800 °C). Stable AlON layers and interfaces with etched GaN substrates are reported with slight gallium oxide growth or gallium diffusion towards the dielectric layer. Finally, with increasing PDA temperature, an increase in VFB and a significant reduction of both VFB hysteresis and interface state density (Dit) are observed, notably at the measuring temperature of 150 °C. These results present a promising pathway toward more reliable and stable normally‐OFF GaN‐based MOS‐channel high electron mobility transistors (MOSc‐HEMTs).
Enhanced Performance of Organic Field‐Effect Transistor with Bi‐Functional N‐Type Organic Semiconductor Layer
Authors: Yu Tianpeng , Hou Shuyi , Liu Zhenliang , Wang Yiru , Yin Jiang , Gao Xu , Liu Nannan , Yuan Guoliang , Wu Lei , Xia Yidong , Liu Zhiguo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOrganic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) hold great promise for applications in non‐volatile memories, detectors, and artificial synapses due to the good flexibility and biocompatibility. However, certain drawbacks such as high operating voltages and significant degradation in endurance characteristics have hindered their practical implementations. Herein, a novel approach is proposed to enhance the performance of OFETs by incorporating a bi‐functional n‐type polymer semiconductor interlayer, Poly‐{[N,N'‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐bis(dicarboximide)‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐bithiophene)} (N2200), into a pentacene OFET structure. The device exhibits remarkable improvements, with reliable P/E operation cycles of over than 104 and a retention time of more than 10 years. On one hand, the inclusion of N2200 as an n‐type semiconductor effectively reduces the height of hole‐injection barrier for trapping and thus reducing the working voltage based on the electrostatic induction theory. On the other hand, n‐type semiconductor N2200 serves as a native hole‐consumption (or hole‐trapping) dielectric, and its narrower bandgap restrains the formation of deep hole‐traps, thus favoring the endurance characteristics of the OFET.
Molecular Engineering on Kinetics‐Driven Self‐Assembled Monolayers Working as Auxiliary Layers on Dielectrics in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Li Mingliang , Cao Yingnan , Xie Kefeng , Tang Jinyao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are a class of quasi‐2D materials adhesive to the substrate by chemisorption. Due to their transparency, diversity, stability, sensitivity, selectivity, and great potential in surface passivation, SAMs have been extensively investigated and applied in various functional devices, particularly in organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Among all the processing methods, kinetic‐driven spin‐coating is frequently used for the SAM preparation due to its high efficiency and low cost. However, the importance of SAM quality and its relationship to device performance has not been studied in detail, hindering the new SAM development and device optimization. In this study, SAMs prepared by kinetic‐driven spin‐coating are carefully investigated in terms of their surface morphology, density, and regularity, and proposed a correlation model between chemical structure and SAM quality. Additionally, the prepared SAMs are utilized as auxiliary layers on dielectrics and analyzed their effects on OFET properties. Through these investigations, a sequential relationship is established between chemical structure, SAM quality, and device performance, which can provide efficient feedback for system optimization.
Epidemic development and management of common leaf rust (Puccinia sorghi Schwein) and turcicum leaf blight [Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.)] of maize (Zea mays L.) in eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Asmea , Bekeko Zelalem , Tesso Bulti 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMaize production and productivity are affected by biotic and abiotic factors. Among the biotic factors, fungal diseases incited by common leaf rust (CLR) and turciccum leaf blight (TLB) are the most important foliar diseases of the crop in Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted at Haramaya University, research station “Raare,” during the 2019/2020 main cropping season. The objectives of the study were to investigate the effect of host resistance and fungicide application on the epidemic development of CLR and TLB, yield and yield components of maize, and the management of these foliar diseases. Four maize varieties (Afranqalloo, Bate, Gibee‐3, and Raare‐1) and Mancozeb at four different rates (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 kg ha−1) were evaluated under field conditions against the diseases. The treatments were laid out in a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications. All disease and agronomic data were collected during the experimental season. The results from analysis of variance showed that the combination of the variety Bate with Mancozeb at a rate of 4.5 kg ha−1 proved to be the best treatment combination for managing both diseases. Similarly, Mancozeb at a rate of 4.5 kg ha−1 resulted in the lowest CLR and TLB disease incidence and severity (60.4% and 21.0%; 63.7% and 41.78%), respectively. Likewise, the highest grain yield (8392 kg ha−1) and thousand kernel weights of 529 g and the lowest epidemic development were recorded from the variety Bate treated with 4.5 kg ha−1 Mancozeb. The result also revealed that the integration of host resistance (the variety Bate) with 4.5 kg ha−1 Mancozeb was the most effective treatment in reducing CLR and TLB epidemic development and in increasing the grain yield of maize. The economic analysis also showed the presence of the highest marginal rate of return from the Bate variety treated with 4.5 kg ha−1 Mancozeb compared to other treatment combinations. Thus, it is concluded that the variety Bate treated with 4.5 kg ha−1 Mancozeb can be used to improve maize production and productivity in the study area and elsewhere with similar agroecologies.
“Blind men and an elephant”: The need for animals in research, drug safety studies, and understanding civilizational diseases
Authors: Anbalagan Savani 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAnimal‐based research and drug safety studies are essential to understanding the mysteries of nature and the long‐term survival of humans. Due to the rapid increase in the global human population, conflict‐ and economically driven human migration, tourism‐related activities, densely populated metropolitan areas, and local policies, humans will be affected by a multitude of novel disease‐causing microorganisms and civilizational diseases. Despite disparities among countries, recent and planned changes in regulations concerning animal research and drug safety studies could have detrimental effects on both the animal research community and nations lacking sufficient social support systems. Based on existing scientific literature, I argue that we need animal research encompassing aspects such as animal development, behavior, drug safety studies, and for the understanding of future civilizational diseases. Depending on the nature of the research questions and local challenges, a suitable animal model organism should be made mandatory.
A Homopolymer of Xanthenoxanthene‐Based Polycyclic Heteroaromatic for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cai Yaohang , Zhang Yuyan , Zhang Jing , Pan Xun , Andersson Mats R. , Wang Peng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHighly efficient perovskite solar cells typically rely on spiro‐OMeTAD as a hole transporter, achieving a 25.7 % efficiency record. However, these cells are susceptible to harsh 85 °C conditions. Here, we present a peri‐xanthenoxanthene‐based semiconducting homopolymer (p‐TNI2) with matched energy levels and a high molecular weight, synthesized nearly quantitatively through facile oxidative polymerization. Compared to established materials, p‐TNI2 excels in hole mobility, morphology, modulus, and waterproofing. Implementing p‐TNI2 as the hole transport layer results in n‐i‐p perovskite solar cells with an initial average efficiency of 24.6 %, rivaling 24.4 % for the spiro‐OMeTAD control cells under identical conditions. Furthermore, the p‐TNI2‐based cells exhibit enhanced thermostability at 85 °C and operational robustness.
Iodonium Initiators: Paving the Air‐free Oxidation of Spiro‐OMeTAD for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Heyi , Xu Tingting , Chen Weijie , Wu Yeyong , Guo Xianming , Shen Yunxiu , Ding Chengqiang , Chen Xining , Chen Haiyang , Ding Junyuan , Wu Xiaoxiao , Zeng Guixiang , Zhang Zhengbiao , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo date, perovskite solar cells (pero‐SCs) with doped 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) hole transporting layers (HTLs) have shown the highest recorded power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). However, their commercialization is still impeded by poor device stability owing to the hygroscopic lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and volatile 4‐tert‐butylpyridine dopants as well as time‐consuming oxidation in air. In this study, we explored a series of single‐component iodonium initiators with strong oxidability and different electron delocalization properties to precisely manipulate the oxidation states of Spiro‐OMeTAD without air assistance, and the oxidation mechanism was clearly understood. Iodine (III) in the diphenyliodonium cation (IP+) can accept a single electron from Spiro‐OMeTAD and forms Spiro‐OMeTAD⋅+ owing to its strong oxidability. Moreover, because of the coordination of the strongly delocalized TFSI− with Spiro‐OMeTAD⋅+ in a stable radical complex, the resulting hole mobility was 30 times higher than that of pristine Spiro‐OMeTAD. In addition, the IP‐TFSI initiator facilitated the growth of a homogeneous and pinhole‐free Spiro‐OMeTAD film. The pero‐SCs based on this oxidizing HTL showed excellent efficiencies of 25.16 % (certified: 24.85 % for 0.062‐cm2) and 20.71 % for a 15.03‐cm2 module as well as remarkable overall stability.
Synthesis and properties of self‐healing hydrogel plugging agent
Authors: Bai Xiaodong , Wang Moubo , Chen Yu , Wu Lianci , Yu Jingya , Luo Yumei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe P(AM‐co‐AMPS)/SA DN hydrogel was synthesized through aqueous polymerization in this study. It formed a crosslinking network with hydrophobic associations between acrylamide (AM) and lauryl methacrylate (LMA), as well as an ionic bond network involving sodium alginate and Ca2+. To enhance its high‐temperature resistance, 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) was incorporated into the hydrogel formulation. The structure of the hydrogel was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Results demonstrated that the hydrogel exhibited excellent temperature resistance and possessed a porous structure. Mechanical testing revealed a high tensile strength of 110 kPa, elongation at break of 995.31%, along with good fatigue resistance and self‐recovery performance during multiple cyclic stretching. Healing experiments indicated that the healing strength of the hydrogel was influenced by temperature variations. Furthermore, pressure plugging tests were conducted on steel models with crack widths of 0.5 and 1 mm, respectively; it was found that the 0.8%P(AM‐co‐AMPS)/SA DN hydrogel could withstand pressures up to 4.5 MPa at a temperature of 70°C. This novel hydrogel material exhibits remarkable mechanical properties along with certain self‐healing capabilities, making it suitable for leak control applications.
First impressions: A prospective evaluation of patient–physician concordance and satisfaction following the initial medical oncology consultation
Authors: Bach Yvonne , Panov Elan , Espin‐Garcia Osvaldo , Chen Eric , Krzyzanowska Monika , O'Kane Grainne , Moore Malcolm , Prince Rebecca M. , Knox Jennifer , Grant Robert , Ma Lucy X. , Allen Michael J. , Eng Lawson , Kosyachkova Ekaterina , Megid Thais Baccili Cury , Barron Carly , Wang Xin , Saltiel Marie‐Philippe , Farooq Abdul Rehman Rehman , Jang Raymond W. , Elimova Elena 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAn especially significant event in the patient–oncologist relationship is the initial consultation, where many complex topics—diagnosis, treatment intent, and often, prognosis—are discussed in a relatively short period of time. This study aimed to measure patients' understanding of the information discussed during their first medical oncology visit and their satisfaction with the communication from medical oncologists.MethodsBetween January and August 2021, patients without prior systemic treatment of their gastrointestinal malignancy (GI) attending the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (PMCC) were approached within 24 h of their initial consultation to complete a paper‐based questionnaire assessing understanding of their disease (diagnosis, treatment plan/intent, and prognosis) and satisfaction with the consultation. Medical oncology physicians simultaneously completed a similar questionnaire about the information discussed at the initial visit. Matched patient–physician responses were compared to assess the degree of concordance.ResultsA total of 184 matched patient–physician surveys were completed. The concordance rates for understanding of diagnosis, treatment plan, treatment intent, and prognosis were 92.9%, 59.2%, 66.8%, and 59.8%, respectively. After adjusting for patient and physician variables, patients who reported treatment intent to be unclear at the time of the consultation were independently associated with lower satisfaction scores (global p = 0.014). There was no statistically significant association between patient satisfaction and whether prognosis was disclosed (p = 0.08).ConclusionAn in‐depth conversation as to what treatment intent and prognosis means is reasonable during the initial medical oncology consultation to ensure patients and caregivers have a better understanding about their cancer.