bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal Social Networks and Care‐Seeking for Head and Neck Cancer: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Batool Sana , Hansen Elisabeth E. , Sethi Rosh K. V. , Rettig Eleni M. , Goguen Laura A. , Annino Donald , Uppaluri Ravindra , Edwards Heather A. , Faden Daniel L. , Dohan Daniel , Dhand Amar , Reich Amanda J. , Bergmark Regan W. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the role of patients' personal social networks (SNs) in accessing head and neck cancer (HNC) care through patients' and health care workers' (HCWs) perspectives.Study DesignQualitative study.SettingTertiary HNC centers at 2 academic medical centers, including 1 safety net hospital.MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed HNC, and HCWs caring for HNC patients, aged ≥18 years were recruited between June 2022 and July 2023. Semistructured interviews were conducted with both patients and HCWs. Inductive and deductive thematic analysis was performed with 2 coders (κ = 0.82) to analyze the data.ResultsThe study included 72 participants: 42 patients (mean age 57 years, 64% female, 81% white), and 30 HCWs (mean age 42 years, 77% female, 83% white). Four themes emerged: (1) Patients' SNs facilitate care through various forms of support, (2) patients may hesitate to seek help from their networks, (3) obligations toward SNs may act as barriers to seeking care, and (4) the SN composition and dedication influence care‐seeking.ConclusionPersonal SNs play a vital role in prompting early care‐seeking among HNC patients. SN‐based interventions could enhance care and improve outcomes for HNC patients.
Institutional hybridisation in Swedish public sector development cooperation
Authors: Iao‐Jörgensen Jenny 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhile the concept of hybridisation (blending of different organisational forms, logics, or identities) in public administration has gained traction, its interplay with principal‐agent dynamics, especially within development cooperation, remains underexplored. Recent shifts towards the “whole‐of‐society” paradigm in Swedish development cooperation introduce complexities in the inter‐organisational dynamics between actors involved. However, our understanding of how these dynamics influence the manifestation of hybridisation in everyday practices is limited. Drawing on the development cooperation experience of Swedish national authorities and data collected from interviews, focus group discussions, and archival documents, this study identifies the interplaying dynamics of three coexisting logics (managerialist, collaborative, and developmental), and two types of hybridisation (specialisation‐centric and integration‐centric). These findings shed light on the challenges and opportunities the inter‐organisational dynamics induce for translating the “whole‐of‐society” policy paradigm into development practice and outcomes. The study's theoretical and practical implications for hybridisation in public administration and development studies are discussed.
Synthesis and polymerization of cyclic formals of oligooxyethylene diols
Authors: Kubisa Przemysław 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPolymers of general formula [−(CH2CH2O)m‐CH2O‐]n with well‐defined m value may be obtained by cationic ring‐opening polymerization of easily available cyclic formals of di‐, tri‐, tetra‐, penta‐ (and possibly higher) ethylene glycols. There are no significant kinetic or thermodynamic restrictions for their polymerization. Polymers with [(‐CH2CH2O)m‐CH2O‐]n structure may be treated as intermediates between polymers of ethylene oxide (POE) and polymers of 1,3‐dioxolane (PDXL), both of which find applications in the biomedical field as well as components of solid polymer electrolytes. Largely unexploited [(‐CH2CH2O)m‐CH2O‐]n polymers may broaden the scope of the application of polyacetals in both these areas.
High‐velocity ballistic response of AA 1100‐H14 based carbon‐fiber metal laminates: An experimental investigation
Authors: Jamsheed Mohammed , Rashid Faizan Mohammad , Velmurugan R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA detailed experimental investigation was carried out for the high‐velocity ballistic response of AA 1100‐H14 based carbon‐fiber metal laminates (FMLs). FMLs with different metal volume fractions and the same thickness of carbon‐epoxy fiber laminates were tested to examine the surface and internal damage. The ballistic performance parameters, namely % escalation in absorbed energy, specific energy absorbed, ballistic limit, specific perforation energy, first cracking energy, and global deformation profile, were studied and a comparison was drawn with pure carbons fiber reinforced epoxy composite laminates. Despite having greater thickness, pure carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy composite laminates absorbed less impact energy than FMLs and failed catastrophically. For FMLs, the % escalation in the absorbed energy and the specific energy absorption kept increasing with the increasing impact velocity until the onset of perforation. Once the perforation started, both these parameters showed a decreasing trend. Thick FMLs absorbed a good amount of energy, leading to projectile recoil suffering minimal damage. The ballistic velocity, specific perforation energy, and first cracking energy on the front and rear face of FMLs layers showed an increasing trend. The minimum for the thinner and maximum for the thicker FMLs attributed to the large thickness and more metal volume fraction. Contrary to the large deformation of the impacting points, pure carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy composite laminates showed very minimal deformation as compared to FMLs. The brittle nature of the epoxy resin resisted the deformation to a large extent leading to less energy absorption.Highlights
High‐velocity ballistic response of AA 1100‐H14 based carbon‐FMLs was investigated.
Ballistic performance parameters of FMLs were studied and was compared with carbons fiber reinforced composite laminates.
The ballistic limit of FMLs showed a direct dependence its thickness and metal volume fraction.
In the absence of any metallic layer, pure carbons fiber reinforced composite laminates absorbed less impact energy.
Persistence and recovery of dinotefuran in eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) foliage and twigs by UPLC‐MS/MS and ELISA
Authors: Lepeschkin‐Noel Sasha , Lewis Phillip , McCullough Deborah G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDDinotefuran, a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide, is approved for control of hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) (Adelges tsugae Annand), an invasive sap‐feeding insect that can kill eastern hemlocks (Tsuga canadensis). Dinotefuran is highly water soluble, facilitating more rapid translocation and HWA control than other neonicotinoids, but its persistence is not well‐known. Samples of needles and twigs were collected in spring 2021 from 50 hemlocks treated with a dinotefuran basal trunk spray in 2018 or 2019 (131–145 weeks and 85–93 weeks before sampling, respectively). Processed samples were analyzed with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC‐MS/MS) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).RESULTSDinotefuran residues were 4.6–6.1 times higher in needles than in twigs collected from the same trees. Average (±SE) residues in foliage samples collected from trees treated in 2019 ranged from 0.663 ± 0.243 to 0.564 ± 0.119 mg kg−1, compared with 0.213 ± 0.033 and 0.225 ± 0.132 mg kg−1 in foliage from trees treated in 2018. Foliage residues from UPLC‐MS/MS were consistently lower but strongly related to those from ELISA. Matrix effects appeared to disrupt ELISA analysis of twigs. None of the 25 trees treated in 2019 had live HWA when samples were collected in 2021 while low densities of HWA were observed on 52% of trees treated in 2018.CONCLUSIONSDinotefuran was recovered from hemlock foliage, and to a lesser extent twigs, >2 years post‐treatment. This, along with its relatively rapid translocation, suggests dinotefuran is a viable option for protecting declining or heavily infested hemlocks from HWA. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Efficacy and toxic action of the natural product natamycin against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Cao Yuxuan , Zhang Xu , Song Xiaoning , Li Wenkui , Ren Zheng , Feng Juntao , Ma Zhiqing , Liu Xili , Wang Yong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDSclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum seriously endangers oilseed rape production worldwide, and the occurrence of fungicide‐resistant mutants of S. sclerotiorum leads to control decline. Thus, it is critical to explore new green substitutes with different action mechanisms and high antifungal activity. Herein, the activity and the action mechanism of natamycin against S. sclerotiorum were evaluated.RESULTSNatamycin showed potent inhibition on the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum, and half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) values against 103 S. sclerotiorum strains ranged from 0.53 to 4.04 μg/mL (mean 1.44 μg/mL). Natamycin also exhibited high efficacy against both carbendazim‐ and dimethachlone‐resistant strains of S. sclerotiorum on detached oilseed rape leaves. No cross‐resistance was detected between natamycin and carbendazim. Natamycin markedly disrupted hyphal form, sclerotia formation, integrity of the cell membrane, and reduced the content of oxalic acid and ergosterol, whereas it increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde content. Interestingly, exogenous addition of ergosterol could reduce the inhibition of natamycin against S. sclerotiorum. Importantly, natamycin significantly inhibited expression of the Cyp51 gene, which is contrary to results for the triazole fungicide flusilazole, indicating a different action mechanism from triazole fungicides.CONCLUSIONNatamycin is a promising effective candidate for the resistance management of S. sclerotiorum. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of four chitinase genes on the female fecundity in Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)
Authors: Zeng Qing‐Hui , Gong Ming‐fu , Yang Hong , Chen Ning‐nan , Lei Qing , Jin Dao‐chao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe white‐backed planthopper (WPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), is a destructive rice pest with strong reproductive capacity. To gain insights into the roles of chitinases in the reproductive process of this insect species, this study represents the first‐ever endeavor to conduct an in‐depth exploration into the reproductive functions of four chitinase genes.RESULTSIn this study, it was observed that four chitinase genes were expressed in female adults, with a relatively high expression level in the ovaries. SfCht2 and SfIDGF1 were highly expressed during later ovarian development. while SfENGase increased and then decreased with ovarian development. SfCht2, SfCht6‐2 and SfENGase were highly expressed in fat body on the first and second days after eclosion, whereas SfIDGF1 highest on day 7. Compared with control group, Silencing four chitinase genes inhibited ovarian development and significantly shortened the oviposition period of S. furcifera, reducing egg‐laying capacity but not affecting egg hatching. The detection demonstrated that the expression levels of SfVg, SfVgR and 70–90% juvenile hormone (JH) signaling pathway‐related reproductive genes was significantly down‐regulated. Moreover, SfCht6‐2 and SfENGase significantly affected the expression levels of Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway genes. SfENGase had the ability to impact nutrient signaling pathways and fatty acid metabolism, repressing vitellogenin synthesis and ultimately influencing ovarian development of S. furcifera.CONCLUSIONSOverall, this study provides insight into the function of chitinases in insect fecundity and is of great significance for enriching the cognition of insect chitinase function. They will become the suitable target genes for controlling the most destructive rice planthoppers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Analysis of two binomial proportions in noninferiority confirmatory trials
Authors: Lakkis Hassan , Lakkis Andrew 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this article, we propose considering an approximate exact score (AES) test for noninferiority comparisons and we derive its test‐based confidence interval for the difference between two independent binomial proportions. This test was published in the literature, but not its associated confidence interval. The p‐value for this test is obtained by using exact binomial probabilities with the nuisance parameter being replaced by its restricted maximum likelihood estimate. Calculated type I errors revealed that the AES method has important advantages for noninferiority comparisons over popular asymptotic methods for adequately powered confirmatory clinical trials, at 80% or 90% statistical power. For unbalanced sample sizes of the compared groups, type I errors for the asymptotic score method were shown to be higher than the nominal level in a systematic pattern over a range of true proportions, but the AES method did not suffer from such a problem. On average, the true type I error of the AES method was closer to the nominal level than all considered methods in the empirical comparisons. In rare cases, type I errors of the AES test exceeded the nominal level, but only by a small amount. Presented examples showed that the AES method can be more attractive in practice than practical exact methods. In addition, p‐value and confidence interval of the AES method can be obtained in <30 s of computer time for most confirmatory trials. Theoretical arguments, combined with empirical evidence and fast computation time should make the AES method attractive in statistical practice.
Attapulgite and Graphene‐Based Molecular Imprinted Polymers as 5‐FU Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Cervical Cancer**
Authors: Yang Zhe , Fang Jiahui , Ji Xinyuan , Tian Dating , Hu Sheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMolecularly imprinted polymers and non‐imprinted polymers based on attapulgite and graphene composite were synthesized by coating with copolymer of acrylamide and methyl methacrylate. The adsorption results showed that the molecularly imprinted polymers and non‐imprinted polymers could reach the maximum drug loading of 2.4 and 1.6 mg/g, respectively. The in vitro release studies demonstrated that molecularly imprinted polymers and non‐imprinted polymers can control the release of 5‐fluorouracil and reach maximum release at approximately 48 h. Cytotoxicity analysis showed that 100 μg/mL of molecularly imprinted polymers loaded with 5‐fluorouracil gradually increased the inhibition rate of HeLa with increasing time and approached the maximum inhibition rate of 20 % at 72 h.
In Situ Fabrication of Heterogeneous Co/Nanoporous Carbon Nano‐Islands for Excellent Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Li Shanxin , Sun Yijing , Zhang Kai , Jiang Xuzhou , Yu Hongying 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHigh‐performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers are essential for addressing electromagnetic pollution and military security. However, challenges remain in realizing cost‐effectiveness and modulating absorbing properties. In this study, heterogeneous Co/nanoporous carbon (NPC) nano‐islands are prepared by efficient method co‐precipitation combined with in situ pyrolysis. The multi‐regulation strategy of morphology, graphitization, and defect density is achieved by modulating the pyrolysis temperature. Adjusting the pyrolysis temperature can effectively balance the conductivity and defect density, optimizing the impedance matching and enhancing the attenuation. Furthermore, it facilitates obtaining the appropriate shape and size of Co magnetic nanoparticles (Co‐MNPs), triggering strong surface plasmon resonance. This resonance, in turn, bolsters the synergy of dielectric and magnetic loss. The incorporation of porous nanostructures not only optimizes impedance matching and enhances multiple reflections but also improves interfacial polarization. Additionally, the presence of enriched defects and heteroatom doping significantly enhances dipole polarization. Notably, the absorber exhibits an impressive minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −73.87 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EABmax) of 6.64 GHz. The combination of efficient fabrication methods, a performance regulation strategy through pyrolysis temperature modulation, and radar cross section (RCS) simulation provides a high‐performance EMW absorber and can pave the way for large‐scale applications.
Hydrogenated TiO2 Carbon Support for PtRu Anode Catalyst in High‐Performance Anion‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Douglin John C. , Sekar Archana , Singh Ramesh K. , Chen Zihua , Li Jun , Dekel Dario R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe availability of durable, high‐performance electrocatalysts for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) is currently a constraint for anion‐exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Herein, a rapid microwave‐assisted synthesis method is used to develop a core–shell catalyst support based on a hydrogenated TiO2/carbon for PtRu nanoparticles (NPs). The hydrogenated TiO2 provides a strong metal‐support interaction with the PtRu NPs, which improves the catalyst's oxophilicity and HOR activity compared to commercial PtRu/C and enables greater size control of the catalyst NPs. The as‐synthesized PtRu/TiO2/C‐400 electrocatalyst exhibits respectable performance in an AEMFC operated at 80 °C, yielding the highest current density (up to 3× higher) within the catalytic region (compared at 0.80–0.90 V) and voltage efficiency (68%@ 0.5 A cm−2) values in the compared literature. In addition, the cell demonstrates promising short‐term voltage stability with a minor voltage decay of 1.5 mV h−1. This “first‐of‐its‐kind in alkaline” work may open further research avenues to develop rapid synthesis methods to prepare advanced core–shell metal‐oxide/carbon supports for electrocatalysts for use in the next‐generation of AEMFCs with potential applicability to the broader electrochemical systems research community.
Preliminary Investigation of Thermoelectric Electromotive Force Oscillation of NiCr/NiSi Thin Film Thermocouple in Dynamic Calibration
Authors: Sun Yi , Liu Zhihui , Hao Yuji , Liu Jiabei , Wang Qizhen , Wang Haoyu , Li Zhiqiang , Yin Junwei , Wang Hualin , Jiang Weiwei , Liu Shimin , Cui Yunxian , Ding Wanyu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn order to reveal the dynamic response characteristic of thin film thermocouples (TFTCs), the nichrome/nisil (NiCr/NiSi) TFTCs are prepared onto the glass substrate. With short pulse infrared laser system, NiCr/NiSi TFTCs are dynamically calibrated. The thermoelectric electromotive force (TEF) curves of NiCr/NiSi TFTCs are recorded by the memory hicorder system, which could reflect TEF signals with resolution ratio in nanosecond and microvolt, simultaneously. With increasing laser energy from 15.49 to 29.59 mJ, TEF curves display more and more violent oscillation, even negative value. The results show that the bounce of thermal energy happens between two interfaces of TFTCs because the thermal conductivity of glass and air is significantly lower than that of NiSi/NiCr TFTCs. The bounce of thermal energy results in the obvious decrease of nNiCr and nNiSi, as well as oscillation of TEF. For laser energy in 29.59 mJ, the bounce of thermal energy in NiCr film could result in nNiCr < nNiSi. Then, TEF value appears abnormal negative value. Based on the results, the complex thermal energy transport process in TFTCs dynamic calibration is revealed, which results in the oscillation of thermal energy and TEF signal.
Charge Management Enables Efficient Spontaneous Chromatic Adaptation Bipolar Photodetector
Authors: Zhao Dan , Wang Yan , Sun Xianglang , Wu Xin , Li Bo , Zhang Shoufeng , Gao Danpeng , Liu Baoze , Gong Shaokuan , Li Zhen , Zhang Chunlei , Chen Xihan , Xiao Shuang , Yang Shangfeng , Li Zhong'an , Zhu Zonglong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSolution‐processed photodetectors have emerged as promising candidates for next‐generation of visible‐near infrared (vis–NIR) photodetectors. This is attributed to their ease of processing, compatibility with flexible substrates, and the ability to tune their detection properties by integrating complementary photoresponsive semiconductors. However, the limited performance continues to hinder their further development, primarily influenced by the difference of charge transport properties between perovskite and organic semiconductors. In this work, a perovskite‐organic bipolar photodetectors (PDs) is introduced with multispectral responsivity, achieved by effectively managing charges in perovskite and a ternary organic heterojunction. The ternary heterojunction, incorporating a designed NIR guest acceptor, exhibits a faster charge transfer rate and longer carrier diffusion length than the binary heterojunction. By achieving a more balanced carrier dynamic between the perovskite and organic components, the PD achieves a low dark current of 3.74 nA cm−2 at −0.2 V, a fast response speed of <10 µs, and a detectivity of exceeding 1012 Jones. Furthermore, a bioinspired retinotopic system for spontaneous chromatic adaptation is achieved without any optical filter. This charge management strategy opens up possibilities for surpassing the limitations of photodetection and enables the realization of high‐purity, compact image sensors with exceptional spatial resolution and accurate color reproduction.
GUI testing of Android applications: Investigating the impact of the number of testers on different exploratory testing strategies
Authors: Di Martino Sergio , Fasolino Anna Rita , Starace Luigi Libero Lucio , Tramontana Porfirio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGraphical user interface (GUI) testing plays a pivotal role in ensuring the quality and functionality of mobile apps. In this context, exploratory testing (ET), a distinctive methodology in which individual testers pursue a creative, and experience‐based approach to test design, is often used as an alternative or in addition to traditional scripted testing. Managing the exploratory testing process is a challenging task that can easily result either in wasteful spending or in inadequate software quality, due to the relative unpredictability of exploratory testing activities, which depend on the skills and abilities of individual testers. A number of works have investigated the diversity of testers' performance when using ET strategies, often in a crowdtesting setting. These works, however, investigated ET effectiveness in detecting bugs, and not in scenarios in which the goal is to generate a re‐executable test suite, as well. Moreover, less work has been conducted on evaluating the impact of adopting different exploratory testing strategies. As a first step toward filling this gap in the literature, in this work, we conduct an empirical evaluation involving four open‐source Android apps and 20 masters students that we believe can be representative of practitioners partaking in exploratory testing activities. The students were asked to generate test suites for the apps using a capture and replay tool and different exploratory testing strategies. We then compare the effectiveness, in terms of aggregate code coverage that different‐sized groups of students using different exploratory testing strategies may achieve. Results provide deeper insights into code coverage dynamics to project managers interested in using exploratory approaches to test simple Android apps, on which they can make more informed decisions.