bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hassles and uplifts: including interpersonal events
Authors: Maybery D. J. , Graham D. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAn examination of hassle and uplift scale factor structures and checklists from daily diary research revealed a paucity of interpersonal events on the former. In addition, interpersonal positive and negative events were found to be prominent predictors of distress and well‐being outcomes in diary research. Using Lazarus and Folkman's appraisal model of stress this paper illustrates day to day interpersonal events as important inclusions on hassle and uplift scales and as predictors underlying the person–environment relationship. The study (n= 124) examined the predictive utility of including a range of interpersonal events to one of the most commonly used hassle and uplift measures (developed by Delongiset al.) in the literature. Four outcomes, encapsulating distress and well‐being concepts were used. The Percieved Stress (PSS) and Satisfaction with Life Scales (SWLS) measure global concepts of perceived distress and life satisfaction and the Positive and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS) allowed for investigation of events with dichotomous distress and well‐being outcomes. Regression analyses ordered the entry of the interpersonal events to follow the Delongis measures and a new group of events relevant to a University student population. The results supported the notion that groups of both positive and negative interpersonal events were important measures over and above other hassles and uplifts (including the Delongis measure). These findings in combination with diary research suggest that current hassle and uplift scales may inadequately measure daily interpersonal sources of distress and well‐being. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of physical and mental training on plasma beta‐endorphin level and pain perception after intensive physical exercise
Authors: Øktedalen O. , Solberg E. E. , Haugen A. H. , Opstad P. K. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe intention of the study was to investigate a possible correlation between increase in circulating blood level of beta‐endorphin and decrease in pain perception after short‐term intensive physical exercise. In addition, we wanted to see if plasma beta‐endorphin level and pain perception were influenced by regular physical or mental training and if there was any difference in response between trained and untrained subjects. Twenty physically trained males were studied before and after a 6‐month intervention period while practising regular physical endurance training. Eleven of them were randomized to perform daily additional mental training (ACEM meditation). Nine untrained males served as control subjects and were investigated only at baseline. All participants were tested for maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) during treadmill exercise, and pain perception measured by an ischaemic pain test was performed just before and after VO2max. Blood samples analysed for beta‐endorphin were drawn before and after the tests. There was a substantial decrease of 47 per cent (p < 0.005) in basal plasma beta‐endorphin level after the intervention. The plasma beta‐endorphin level increased two‐fold (p < 0.01) in response to the VO2max test. The subjects experienced post‐exercise hypoalgesia (p < 0.001), but there was no correlation between the exercise‐associated opioid hyperendemia and the hypoalgesia. No difference was found between trained and untrained subjects regarding the circulating blood level of beta‐endorphin or the exercise‐induced hypoalgesia. Practising regular meditation had no influence on beta‐endorphin level or pain tolerance level. Peripheral beta‐endorphin level and pain perception are modulated by intensive physical exercise and by regular physical, but not by mental training. It could be speculated that the observed initial high basal level of beta‐endorphin is due to pre‐experimental stress and tension. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Types of software evolution and software maintenance
Authors: Chapin Ned , Hale Joanne E. , Khan Khaled Md. , Ramil Juan F. , Tan Wui‐Gee 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe past two decades have seen increasing sophistication in software work. Now and in the future, the work of both practitioners and researchers would be helped by a more objective and finer granularity recognition of types of software evolution and software maintenance activities as actually done. To these ends, this paper proposes a clarifying redefinition of the types of software evolution and software maintenance. The paper bases the proposed classification not on people's intentions but upon objective evidence of maintainers' activities ascertainable from observation of activities and artifacts, and/or a before and after comparison of the software documentation. The classification includes taking into account in a semi‐hierarchical manner evidence of the change or lack thereof in: (1) the software, (2) the documentation, (3) the properties of the software, and (4) the customer‐experienced functionality. A comparison is made with other classifications and typologies. The paper provides a classified list of maintenance activities and a condensed decision tree as a summary guide to the proposed evidence‐based classification of the types of software evolution and software maintenance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Redesigning the Academy of Vocal Arts (AVA)
Authors: Pourdehnad John , Hebb Adele 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThroughout its 67‐year history, the Academy of Vocal Arts (AVA) has focused exclusively on tuition‐free advanced training, including performance experience, for young singers showing the potential for careers in the world's leading opera houses. The Interactive Planning Approach was utilized for long‐range strategic planning. Over 100 stakeholders (faculty, students, managers, subscribers, donors, and board members), representing a wide variety of interests, participated in a six‐month effort to redesign the organization, using professional facilitation and guidance. Since the plan's adoption in 1997, a large percentage of the designed actions have been implemented, including some of the most ambitious and supposedly difficult to accomplish. As a result, the academy has advanced its enrollment, programs, facilities, and endowment significantly. What follows is a description of an organization's participative planning effort and an examination of the reasons for its success. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of Future Search in rural regeneration: process, context and practice
Authors: Whittaker Julie , Hutchcroft Ian 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe Future Search process in principle appears relevant for promoting participatory approaches to rural regeneration, offering a forum for stakeholders to conduct dialogue and find a common sense of direction. Consequently, a Future Search conference was organized in Devon, England, to encourage community‐led rural regeneration, and this paper reflects on that experience. It highlights achievements but focuses on difficulties encountered in using Future Search where democratic processes are a key issue. The carefully planned structures of Future Search and the intensity of the conference process were found in some respects to be incongruous with the needs and expectations of the participants. The conference also revealed that action planning can be problematic when participants belong to different organizations. Therefore, the value of Future Search for rural regeneration would seem to be primarily in creating dialogues and establishing networks, with more limited scope for action planning. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Communicative action in practice: Future Search and the pursuit of an open, critical and non‐coercive large‐group process
Authors: Polanyi Michael F. D. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFuture Search has emerged as a widely used large‐group process for building common ground and stimulating multi‐stakeholder action on complex issues in a collaborative and participatory way. Yet there are few careful evaluations of the approach. Through a detailed qualitative analysis, this paper critically assesses a Future Search conference on repetitive strain injuries (RSI) held in 1998. The paper draws on Jürgen Habermas' standards of communicative action to explore the extent to which the process was inclusive, non‐coercive and reflective. The Future Search process encouraged participants to introduce a variety of observations, beliefs and experiences. Two fundamentally opposed analyses of RSI arose: a ‘consensus–knowledge’ model and a ‘conflict–power’ model. However, the process fell short of communicative action because its structure privileged—and thus led to the uncritical adoption of—the former model without allowing adequate participant reflection on the questionable and contested assumptions upon which the model is based. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social cognition and the participatory planning process
Authors: Kar Nilamadhab , Kar Brajaballav 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSocial cognition focuses on the mental processes involved in social interactions. In the participatory planning process, which puts into use the knowledge and skills of individuals through active interaction, the study of social cognitive abilities seems relevant. The objective of this article is to review the social cognitive factors and their implications in participatory planning and designing. Social cognitions are observed early in childhood and they develop over decades through experience. It appears that they are partially independent of formal intelligence. The existing data suggests that social cognition may have a biological basis in the form of neurophysiological substrates and genetic loci. Social cognitions help in comprehending, adjusting interpretations, thinking of multiple alternatives, social problem solving and in various other processes. Social cognitions are instrumental in dealing with a variety of interpersonal problems observed during interactions in the group and in coping with potential stressors like negative outcomes. Various factors like positive mood states, belief in self‐efficacy and goals may affect social cognition and planning and decision‐making processes. These findings suggest that practitioners and researchers of participatory change processes should pay attention to social cognition. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insights into software testing
Authors: Woodward Martin R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMARTIN WOODWARD aims to provide a brief insight into some of the many aspects of software testing. The various stages required when testing large software systems are outlined and then a selection of possible testing techniques are described and illustrated. Given the increased use of formal specifications in software development, one could exploit such a specification during testing and some of the ways this might be done are indicated. Similarly, the nature of the design approach used in the development of the software or even the nature of the particular application being developed can lead to particular test strategies. Finally, testing is not purely a technical matter; people issues and management of the process have a significant impact on the success or otherwise of this activity.
A brief discussion of these topics rounds off this review. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biphasic modulation of NMDA‐induced responses in pyramidal cells of the medial prefrontal cortex by Y‐931, a potential atypical antipsychotic drug
Authors: Jardemark Kent E. , Ai Jinglu , Ninan Ipe , Wang Rex Y. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSimilar to the effects produced by the atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) clozapine and olanzapine, Y‐931 {8‐fluoro‐12‐(4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)‐6H‐[1]benzothieno[2,3‐b][1,5]benzodiazepine maleate, a purported atypical APD} effectively facilitated N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA)‐induced, but not (±)‐α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionic acid (AMPA)‐evoked, responses in pyramidal cells of the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Similar to olanzapine and clozapine, the concentration–response curve of Y‐931 in these experiments was biphasic. At present, the mechanisms behind the biphasic modulatory actions of Y‐931 and olanzapine on NMDA‐induced currents in the mPFC are not clear. In addition to augmenting NMDA responses, Y‐931 prevented the phencyclidine (PCP)‐induced block of the NMDA responses and increased the amplitudes and durations of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) evoked by electrical stimulation of the forceps minor. Overall, our findings suggest that APDs, particularly the atypical ones, share a common property in that they facilitate NMDA receptor‐mediated transmission in the mPFC and perhaps other functionally related limbic structures as well, which could be the cellular basis for their ability to alleviate some schizophrenic negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions. Synapse 41:294–300, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential time‐course profiles of dopamine release and uptake changes induced by three dopamine uptake inhibitors
Authors: Lee Tong H. , Balu Ramani , Davidson Colin , Ellinwood Everett H. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractUsing real‐time voltammetry, we compared the effects of cocaine (1.0, 3.0, or 10 μM), WIN 35428 (0.1, 0.5, or 2.0 μM), and nomifensine (0.2, 1.0, or 5.0 μM) on electrically evoked dopamine release and uptake in the rat accumbens slice. The time course for onset and offset of the drug effects were determined by perfusing single drug concentration for 30 min, followed by a 60‐min washout. Cocaine elicited a rapid, concentration‐independent increase in dopamine release and a more gradual, concentration‐dependent inhibition of uptake. During washout, uptake inhibition rapidly abated to near baseline values. During the same period, the potentiation of dopamine release exhibited a slower offset for all concentrations and, for 10 μM cocaine, was even greater than that observed during drug perfusion (“rebound” increase). The release rebound was not observed during continuous 90‐min perfusion, verifying that cocaine washout per se was a sufficient condition. Selective D1 or D2 antagonists (0.5 μM SCH 39166 or 2 μM sulpiride, respectively) were without effect on cocaine‐induced release alterations. WIN 35428 and nomifensine induced similar changes in dopamine kinetics during perfusion. However, in contrast to cocaine, no consistent release rebound was observed during their washout. For 2 μM WIN 38425, washout and continuous perfusion groups exhibited similar changes in dopamine release and uptake. The time‐course mismatch between uptake inhibition and DA release potentiation as well as release rebound during washout suggests that altered dopamine release might play a role in behavioral effects of cocaine. Synapse 41:301–310, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maturational increases in c‐fos expression in the ascending dopamine systems
Authors: Andersen Susan L. , LeBlanc Celeste J. , Lyss Pamela J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe unique maturational period of adolescence is replete with numerous changes in anatomy and function that may yield clues as to why drug abuse emerges at this stage. The behavioral effects of amphetamine are diminished during periadolescence (35 days) relative to younger (21 days) and older (>60 days) rats, prompting us to examine amphetamine effects on neuronal activation with the immediate early gene, c‐fos. Amphetamine (1 and 5 mg/kg, i.p.) increased c‐fos immunoreactivity in rats 21, 35, and 60 days of age in a dose‐dependent manner. When expressed as a percentage of vehicle for each age, amphetamine‐induced effects on c‐fos immunoreactivity were higher at 21 days of age compared with the effects at 35 and 60 days of age in the nucleus accumbens core and shell, striatum, and prefrontal cortex. These data provide a possible reason as to why stimulants produce dysphoria in children, before transitioning to euphoria during adolescence. Implications of these results are discussed for stimulant use in a pediatric population and the development of drug abuse. Synapse 41:345–350, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance based design extreme wind loads on a tall building
Authors: Jain Anurag , Srinivasan Mukund , Hart Gary C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a procedure for the calculation of wind loads on a proposed 385 ft tall building located in strong wind and mixed strong wind and hurricane wind regions. The procedure for the computation of design wind loads uses mixed distribution and Monte Carlo simulation. The results of a probabilistic analysis of hurricane wind speeds are combined with the probability distribution of recorded extreme wind speeds (excluding hurricane data) at the site. A 50‐year sample of extreme wind speeds is created and the maximum 50‐year wind (from the hurricane and the recorded data) is noted. The simulation is repeated for a large number of samples (>10000) and the probability distribution of the 50‐year wind speed is computed for use in establishing the design wind speed Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modernizing science education
Authors: Hurd Paul DeHart 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis article is focused on changes taking place in the teaching of science as part of general education. Over the past century a host of changes in the nature and practice of science have served to make outmoded the science curricula now found in school textbooks. Past and present reform efforts have been limited to updating traditional subject matter, which is not adequate for life and living in today's world. A new framework is required for a general education in science, one that is student centered and up‐to‐date on the nature of science technology. As stated in the Science Bulletin (2000), “Science and technology have become the driving force for mankind's quest for a better society” (p. 1). The new science curriculum also should be focused on the utilization of science technology for public welfare and human benefit. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 39: 3–9, 2002
Views of nature of science questionnaire: Toward valid and meaningful assessment of learners' conceptions of nature of science
Authors: Lederman Norm G. , Abd‐El‐Khalick Fouad , Bell Randy L. , Schwartz Renée S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractHelping students develop informed views of nature of science (NOS) has been and continues to be a central goal for kindergarten through Grade 12 (K–12) science education. Since the early 1960s, major efforts have been undertaken to enhance K–12 students and science teachers' NOS views. However, the crucial component of assessing learners' NOS views remains an issue in research on NOS. This article aims to (a) trace the development of a new open‐ended instrument, the Views of Nature of Science Questionnaire (VNOS), which in conjunction with individual interviews aims to provide meaningful assessments of learners' NOS views; (b) outline the NOS framework that underlies the development of the VNOS; (c) present evidence regarding the validity of the VNOS; (d) elucidate the use of the VNOS and associated interviews, and the range of NOS aspects that it aims to assess; and (e) discuss the usefulness of rich descriptive NOS profiles that the VNOS provides in research related to teaching and learning about NOS. The VNOS comes in response to some calls within the science education community to go back to developing standardized forced‐choice paper and pencil NOS assessment instruments designed for mass administrations to large samples. We believe that these calls ignore much of what was learned from research on teaching and learning about NOS over the past 30 years. The present state of this line of research necessitates a focus on individual classroom interventions aimed at enhancing learners' NOS views, rather than on mass assessments aimed at describing or evaluating students' beliefs. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 39: 497–521, 2002
How well do middle school science programs measure up? Findings from Project 2061's curriculum review
Authors: Kesidou Sofia , Roseman Jo Ellen 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to examine how well middle school programs support the attainment of key scientific ideas specified in national science standards, and to identify typical strengths and weaknesses of these programs using research‐based criteria. Nine widely used programs were examined by teams of teachers and specialists in research on teaching and learning. Reviewers found that whereas key ideas were generally present in the programs, they were typically buried between detailed or even unrelated ideas. Programs only rarely provided students with a sense of purpose for the units of study, took account of student beliefs that interfere with learning, engaged students with relevant phenomena to make abstract scientific ideas plausible, modeled the use of scientific knowledge so that students could apply what they learned in everyday situations, or scaffolded student efforts to make meaning of key phenomena and ideas presented in the programs. New middle school science programs that reflect findings from learning research are needed to support teachers better in helping students learn key ideas in science. The criteria and findings from this study on the inadequacies in existing programs could serve as guidelines in new curriculum development. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 39: 522–549, 2002
The digital revolution
Authors: Gerlich R. Nicholas 
Published: September 2002

AbstractShapiro, C., & Varian, H.R. (1999). Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy. Boston: Harvard Business School, ISBN 0‐87584‐863‐X. Tapscott, D., Lowy, A., & Ticoll, D. (1998). Blueprint to the Digital Economy: Creating Wealth in the Era of E‐Business. New York: McGraw Hill, ISBN 0‐07‐063349‐5. Bullis, D. (1999). Preparing for Electronic Commerce in Asia. Westport, CT: Quorum Books, ISBN 1‐56720‐206‐3.
Understanding supplier selection practices: Differences between u.s. And korean executives
Authors: Park Daewoo , Krishnan Hema A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractOver the past decades, U.S. firms have increasingly explored strategic supply chain partnerships with Asian firms. Although shaken by the financial crises in 1997, Asian firms also continue to make significant investment in the U.S. and develop strategic supply chain partnership with U.S. firms. These trends have prompted academic researchers to start focusing on global supply chain management prac‐tices. One important domain of supply chain management is the selection of sup‐pliers. This research examines the differences in supplier selection practices between U.S. and Asian (in particular, Korean) executives. The results provide important implications for both U.S. and Korean firms to successfully manage global supply chain management. � 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Research note: How a small business enters the international market
Authors: Rowden Robert W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAs the rate of economic globalization becomes faster and faster, small businesses in the United States can no longer afford to ignore the challenge of international commerce. Small businesses are a key factor in the economies of all nations. Small businesses must develop a global culture, challenge the attitude of key decision makers, gain crucial international experience, and overcome the size barrier. This requires successful entry‐wedge strategies if the company hopes to have any chance of success. Many will need external support in finding ways to access foreign customers. This article provides information that can help small businesses with this venture. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.