bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Event end-state encoding in 13-month-olds—completed and non-completed events are different
Authors: He Angela Xiaoxue , Arunachalam Sudha 
Published: November 2023

AbstractYoung children sometimes incorrectly interpret verbs that have a “result” meaning, such as understanding ‘fill’ to refer to adding liquid to a cup rather than filling it to a particular level. Given cross-linguistic differences in how event components are realized in language, past research has attributed such errors to non-adultlike event-language mappings. In the current study, we explore whether these errors have a non-linguistic origin. That is, when children view an event, is their encoding of the event end-state too imprecise to discriminate between events that do versus do not arrive at their intended endpoints? Using a habituation paradigm, we tested whether 13-month-old English-learning infants (N = 86) discriminated events with different degrees of completion (e.g., draw a complete triangle versus draw most of a triangle). Results indicated successful discrimination, suggesting that sensitivity to the precise event end-state is already in place in early infancy. Thus, our results rule out one possible explanation for children’s errors with change-of-state predicates—that they do not notice the difference between end-states that vary in completion.
Leibniz's Moral Psychology of an Evil Person
Authors: Vargas Evelyn , Roinila Markku 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our focus in this article concerns Leibniz's views on evil. Our goal is to examine which are the consequences of his conception of moral agency for the moral psychology of the genuinely evil person. For Leibniz, moral failure is an epistemic error since it involves some false practical judgement. Moral maxims may be represented in blind or symbolic cognitions, but then moral agents can misrepresent the evil consequences of their behaviour. Finally, we discuss Leibniz's view on habits that may help virtuous persons strive for perfection but also enable evil persons to continue sinning.
End-effector path tracking of a 14 DOF Rover Manipulator System in CG-Space framework
Authors: Katiyar Shubhi , Dutta Ashish 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn order to resolve redundancy and path planning of a high DOF mobile manipulator using conventional approaches like Jacobian and a pseudoinverse method, researchers face the limitation of computational load and delay in response. If such kind of mobile manipulator is traversing the rough terrain, then conventional methods become too costly to implement due to the handling of redundant joints, obstacles, and wheel-terrain interaction. A few optimization-based redundancy resolution approaches try incorporating wheel-terrain interaction but fail in real-time response. This paper describes a 14 DOF Rover Manipulator System’s end-effector path-tracking approach using CG-Space framework to incorporate wheel-terrain interaction. CG-Space means the center of gravity (CG) locus of the Rover. The Rover’s CG is calculated while traversing over 3D terrain using a multivariable optimization method and a 3D point cloud image of the actual terrain and stored as CG-Space over the given terrain. First of all, we decide which part of the system moves to track the path, that is, arm or Rover, depending upon the manipulator’s work volume and manipulability measure restrictions. The next task is to obtain the Rover pose according to the end-effector path using a simple arm’s inverse kinematic solution between the CG-Space and end-effector task space without resolving redundancy. Meanwhile, obstacles and non-traversable regions are avoided in CG-Space. On diverse 3D terrains, simulation and experimental results support the suggested CG-Space framework for end-effector tracking.
Dynamic HTA for digital health solutions: opportunities and challenges for patient-centered evaluation
Authors: Brönneke Jan B. , Herr Annika , Reif Simon , Stern Ariel D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesGermany’s 2019 Digital Healthcare Act (Digitale-Versorgung-Gesetz, or DVG) created a number of opportunities for the digital transformation of the healthcare delivery system. Key among these was the creation of a reimbursement pathway for patient-centered digital health applications (digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen, or DiGA). Worldwide, this is the first structured pathway for “prescribable” health applications at scale. As of October 10, 2023, 49 DiGA were listed in the official directory maintained by Germany’s Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM); these are prescribable by physicians and psychotherapists and reimbursed by the German statutory health insurance system for all its 73 million beneficiaries. Looking ahead, a major challenge facing DiGA manufacturers will be the generation of the evidence required for ongoing price negotiations and reimbursement. Current health technology assessment (HTA) methods will need to be adapted for DiGA.MethodsWe describe the core issues that distinguish HTA in this setting: (i) explicit allowance for more flexible research designs, (ii) the nature of initial evidence generation, which can be delivered (in its final form) up to one year after becoming reimbursable, and (iii) the dynamic nature of both product development and product evaluation. We present the digital health applications in the German DiGA scheme as a case study and highlight the role of RWE in the successful evaluation of DiGA on an ongoing basis.ResultsWhen a DiGA is likely to be updated and assessed regularly, full-scale RCTs are infeasible; we therefore make the case for using real-world data and real-world evidence (RWE) fordynamicHTAs.ConclusionsContinous evaluation using RWD is a regulatory innovation that can help improve the quality of DiGAs on the market.
“Fine dining” in the Roman provinces: an interdisciplinary study of a peristyle house kitchen at the legionary camp of Vindonissa, Switzerland
Authors: Häberle Simone , Deschler-Erb Sabine , Flück Matthias , Rentzel Philippe , Schlumbaum Angela , Vandorpe Patricia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe peristyle house kitchen in the legionary camp at Vindonissa is one of the few examples of a Mediterranean-style kitchen with a raised hearth in the northwestern provinces. The exceptional preservation of the kitchen made possible an interdisciplinary investigation combining archaeological, archaeobiological, and micromorphological analyses in order to reconstruct dietary and food-processing practices, kitchen maintenance, and waste disposal management in a 1st-c. CE legionary camp household in Germania Superior. The kitchen infrastructure, the large ceramic inventory, and the amphorae finds together indicate a sophisticated cuisine and also food preparation for a large number of people, most likely by servants. The archaeobiological finds provide evidence that the diet was strongly Roman influenced and luxurious. These results confirm that the diet and in general the whole lifestyle of military members was strongly determined by military rank. The house was most likely inhabited by a high-ranking officer of the 11th legion.
Death and Taxonomies: Bringing Certainty to Legal Language
Authors: Laird Alice , Snell Katy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTaxonomies are key to creating certainty in language across the legal landscape. In this article Alice Laird and Katy Snell of Howard Kennedy examine why taxonomies are still important in the age of AI. They also discuss how they have built on their expertise on taxonomies for the benefit of their firm, and how they have become involved with a cross firm project called noslegal.
Evapotranspiration of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in maize, soybean, and fallow under subsurface drip and center-pivot irrigation systems
Authors: Mausbach Jasmine , Irmak Suat , Kukal Meetpal S. , Karnik Kelsey , Sarangi Debalin , Jhala Amit J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPalmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) is a major biotic constraint in agronomic cropping systems in the United States. While crop–weed competition models offer a beneficial tool for understanding and predicting crop yield losses, within these models, certain weed biological characteristics and their responses to the environment are unknown. This limits understanding of weed growth in competition with crops under different irrigation methods and how competition for soil moisture affects crop growth parameters. This research measured the effect of center-pivot irrigation (CPI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) on the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) of A. palmeri grown in maize (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and fallow subplots. Twelve A. palmeri plants were alternately transplanted 1 m apart in the middle two rows of maize, soybean, and fallow subplots under CPI and SDI in 2019 and 2020 in south-central Nebraska. Maize, soybean, and fallow subplots without A. palmeri were included for comparison. Soil-moisture sensors were installed at 0-0.30, 0.30-0.60, and 0.60-0.90-m soil depths next to or between three A. palmeri and crop plants in each subplot. Soil-moisture data were recorded hourly from the time of A. palmeri transplanting to crop harvest. The results indicate differences in A. palmeri ETa between time of season (early, mid-, and late season) and crop type across 2019 and 2020. Although irrigation type did not affect subplot data, the presence of A. palmeri had an impact on subplot ETa across both years, which can be attributed to the variable relationship between volumetric soil water content (VWC) and ETa throughout the growing season due to advancing phenological stages and management practices. This study provides important and first-established baseline data and information about A. palmeri evapotranspiration and its relation to morphological features for future use in mechanistic crop–weed competition models.
Breeding allelopathy in cereal rye for weed suppression
Authors: Rebong Democrito , Henriquez Inoa Shannon , Moore Virginia M. , Reberg-Horton S. Chris , Mirsky Steven , Murphy J. Paul , Leon Ramon G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRapid increase in the hectarage and agricultural systems that use cover cropping for soil conservation and improvement, soil moisture retention, and weed management has highlighted the need to develop formal breeding programs for cover crop species. Cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) is preferred by many growers due to high biomass production and weed-suppression potential, which is believed to be partially due to allelopathy. Rye germplasm exhibits large variability in allelopathic activity, which could be used to breed rye with enhanced weed suppression. Here, we provide an overview of rye history and breeding and describe a strategy to develop rye lines with increased allelopathic activity. The discussion focuses on ways to deal with important challenges to achieving this goal, including obligate cross-pollination and its consequent high segregation levels and the need to quantify allelopathic activity under field conditions. This review seeks to encourage weed scientists to collaborate with plant breeders and promote the development of cover crop cultivars better suited to reduce weed populations.
Future Extreme Precipitation in Summer Will Become More Widespread in China Depending on Level of Warming
Authors: Yu R. , Zhai P. M. , Li W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, CMIP6 and single model initial‐condition large ensemble (SMILE) simulations were applied to reveal possible changes in the spatial coverage (RSC) of summer extreme precipitation (≥99th percentile) in China. Four different approaches were applied to provide a comprehensive assessment of RSC changes. Results indicate that the trend of RSC in summer for the period 1961–2020 in China is underestimated by raw simulations of CMIP6 multi‐model ensembles. Further analyses suggest that the confidence in model simulations reflecting the observed change can be improved based on the two observation constraint approaches and SMILE‐based approach. In addition, the reliability of the spatial distribution can also be improved. Projection results indicate that the RSC of summer extreme precipitation increases consistently with the increment of global warming across the different approaches. Among them, the results based on observational constraints and the SMILE‐based approach show enhanced reliability and present larger RSC changes than by directly using CMIP6 ensembles. In conclusion, extreme precipitation in summer is expected to become more widespread in China as the level of global warming increases.
A Decade of Data‐Driven Water Budgets: Synthesis and Bibliometric Review
Authors: Moyers Kelley , Sabie Robert , Waring Emily , Preciado Jorge , Naughton Colleen C. , Harmon Thomas , Safeeq Mohammad , Torres‐Rua Alfonso , Fernald Alexander , Viers Joshua H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractScarce water resources across the globe have prompted the development of data‐driven water budgets to account for and distribute limited water more effectively across various land uses and purposes. Data‐driven approaches for estimating individual water budget components have been extensively developed and subsequently reviewed (e.g., evapotranspiration, precipitation, groundwater, surface water, runoff), but the state of the art of data‐driven approaches for estimating and integrating complete water budgets has not been the subject of a review paper to our knowledge. In this review, we fill this void by reviewing 81 systematically identified publications from the last decade (2012–2022) on data‐driven water budget approaches. We describe the current state of measurements and data products for data‐driven water budgets for various spatiotemporal scales. Our analysis suggests that spatiotemporal parameters drive the approach for data‐driven water budgets, with larger spatiotemporal scales relying more on satellite remote sensing data products and smaller spatiotemporal scales relying more on ground‐based monitoring. The incorporation of satellite remote sensing data products and ground‐based monitoring was common across various spatiotemporal scales and enabled the estimation of complete water budgets in areas of limited data availability. We conclude that improved reporting of simplifying assumptions, uncertainty analysis methods, and data sources are required for the alignment of water budget estimations between resource managers at varied spatiotemporal scales. Our review calls for the standardization of data‐driven water budget reporting protocols to improve the interpretability of data‐driven water budgets across decision‐makers working at various spatiotemporal scales.
Multi‐Model Prediction of West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease With Machine Learning for Identification of Important Regional Climatic Drivers
Authors: Holcomb Karen M. , Staples J. Erin , Nett Randall J. , Beard Charles B. , Petersen Lyle R. , Benjamin Stanley G. , Green Benjamin W. , Jones Hunter , Johansson Michael A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWest Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of mosquito‐borne illness in the continental United States (CONUS). Spatial heterogeneity in historical incidence, environmental factors, and complex ecology make prediction of spatiotemporal variation in WNV transmission challenging. Machine learning provides promising tools for identification of important variables in such situations. To predict annual WNV neuroinvasive disease (WNND) cases in CONUS (2015–2021), we fitted 10 probabilistic models with variation in complexity from naïve to machine learning algorithm and an ensemble. We made predictions in each of nine climate regions on a hexagonal grid and evaluated each model's predictive accuracy. Using the machine learning models (random forest and neural network), we identified the relative importance and variation in ranking of predictors (historical WNND cases, climate anomalies, human demographics, and land use) across regions. We found that historical WNND cases and population density were among the most important factors while anomalies in temperature and precipitation often had relatively low importance. While the relative performance of each model varied across climatic regions, the magnitude of difference between models was small. All models except the naïve model had non‐significant differences in performance relative to the baseline model (negative binomial model fit per hexagon). No model, including the ensemble or more complex machine learning models, outperformed models based on historical case counts on the hexagon or region level; these models are good forecasting benchmarks. Further work is needed to assess if predictive capacity can be improved beyond that of these historical baselines.
Latitudinal Variations in Methane Abundance, Aerosol Opacity and Aerosol Scattering Efficiency in Neptune's Atmosphere Determined From VLT/MUSE
Authors: Irwin P. G. J. , Dobinson J. , James A. , Wong M. H. , Fletcher L. N. , Roman M. T. , Teanby N. A. , Toledo D. , Orton G. S. , Pérez‐Hoyos S. , Sánchez‐Lavega A. , Simon A. , Morales‐Juberias R. , de Pater I. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSpectral observations of Neptune made in 2019 with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) instrument at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile have been analyzed to determine the spatial variation of aerosol scattering properties and methane abundance in Neptune's atmosphere. The darkening of the South Polar Wave at ∼60°S, and dark spots such as the Voyager 2 Great Dark Spot is concluded to be due to a spectrally dependent darkening (λ < 650 nm) of particles in a deep aerosol layer at ∼5 bar and presumed to be composed of a mixture of photochemically generated haze and H2S ice. We also note a regular latitudinal variation of reflectivity at wavelengths of very low methane absorption longer than ∼650 nm, with bright zones latitudinally separated by ∼25°. This feature, which has similar spectral characteristics to a discrete deep bright spot DBS‐2019 found in our data, is found to be consistent with a brightening of the particles in the same ∼5‐bar aerosol layer at λ > 650 nm. We find the properties of an overlying methane/haze aerosol layer at ∼2 bar are, to first‐order, invariant with latitude, while variations in the opacity of an upper tropospheric haze layer reproduce the observed reflectivity at methane‐absorbing wavelengths, with higher abundances found at the equator and also in a narrow “zone” at 80°S. Finally, we find the mean abundance of methane below its condensation level to be 6%–7% at the equator reducing to ∼3% south of ∼25°S, although the absolute abundances are model dependent.
Single-lens dynamic $$z$$-scanning for simultaneous in situ position detection and laser processing focus control
Authors: Du Xiaohan , Florian Camilo , Arnold Craig B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExisting auto-focusing methods in laser processing typically include two independent modules, one for surface detection and another for $$z$$
z
-axis adjustment. The latter is mostly implemented by mechanical $$z$$
z
stage motion, which is up to three orders of magnitude slower than the lateral processing speed. To alleviate this processing bottleneck, we developed a single-lens approach, using only one high-speed $$z$$
z
-scanning optical element, to accomplish both in situ surface detection and focus control quasi-simultaneously in a dual-beam setup. The probing beam scans the surface along the $$z$$
z
-axis continuously, and its reflection is detected by a set of confocal optics. Based on the temporal response of the detected signal, we have developed and experimentally demonstrated a dynamic surface detection method at 140–350 kHz, with a controlled detection range, high repeatability, and minimum linearity error of 1.10%. Sequentially, by synchronizing at a corresponding oscillation phase of the $$z$$
z
-scanning lens, the fabrication beam is directed to the probed $$z$$
z
position for precise focus alignment. Overall, our approach provides instantaneous surface tracking by collecting position information and executing focal control both at 140–350 kHz, which significantly accelerates the axial alignment process and offers great potential for enhancing the speed of advanced manufacturing processes in three-dimensional space.
Mechanistic insights into the alterations and regulation of the AKT signaling pathway in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Li Jiayuan , Chen Kuangqi , Li Xiang , Zhang Xuhong , Zhang Liyue , Yang Qianjie , Xia Yutong , Xie Chen , Wang Xiawei , Tong Jianping , Shen Ye 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetes-related hyperglycemia directly inhibits the AKT signaling pathway by increasing oxidative stress or inhibiting growth factor expression, which leads to retinal cell apoptosis, nerve proliferation and fundus microvascular disease. However, due to compensatory vascular hyperplasia in the late stage of DR, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT cascade is activated, resulting in opposite levels of AKT regulation compared with the early stage. Studies have shown that many factors, including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), VEGF and others, can regulate the AKT pathway. Disruption of the insulin pathway decreases AKT activation. IGF-1 downregulation decreases the activation of AKT in DR, which abrogates the neuroprotective effect, upregulates VEGF expression and thus induces neovascularization. Although inhibiting VEGF is the main treatment for neovascularization in DR, excessive inhibition may lead to apoptosis in inner retinal neurons. AKT pathway substrates, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), forkhead box O (FOXO), glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), are a research focus. mTOR inhibitors can delay or prevent retinal microangiopathy, whereas low mTOR activity can decrease retinal protein synthesis. Inactivated AKT fails to inhibit FOXO and thus causes apoptosis. The GSK-3/Nrf2 cascade regulates oxidation and inflammation in DR. NF-κB is activated in diabetic retinas and is involved in inflammation and apoptosis. Many pathways or vital activities, such as the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, interact with the AKT pathway to influence DR development. Numerous regulatory methods can simultaneously impact the AKT pathway and other pathways, and it is essential to consider both the connections and interactions between these pathways. In this review, we summarize changes in the AKT signaling pathway in DR and targeted drugs based on these potential sites.
Direct-acting antiviral resistance of Hepatitis C virus is promoted by epistasis
Authors: Zhang Hang , Quadeer Ahmed Abdul , McKay Matthew R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDirect-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) provide efficacious therapeutic treatments for chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, emergence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) can greatly affect treatment outcomes and impede virological cure. While multiple DRMs have been observed for all currently used DAAs, the evolutionary determinants of such mutations are not currently well understood. Here, by considering DAAs targeting the nonstructural 3 (NS3) protein of HCV, we present results suggesting that epistasis plays an important role in the evolution of DRMs. Employing a sequence-based fitness landscape model whose predictions correlate highly with experimental data, we identify specific DRMs that are associated with strong epistatic interactions, and these are found to be enriched in multiple NS3-specific DAAs. Evolutionary modelling further supports that the identified DRMs involve compensatory mutational interactions that facilitate relatively easy escape from drug-induced selection pressures. Our results indicate that accounting for epistasis is important for designing future HCV NS3-targeting DAAs.