bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Few-shot transfer learning for individualized braking intent detection on neuromorphic hardware
Authors: Lutes Nathan A , Sriram Siddhardh Nadendla Venkata , Krishnamurthy K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. This work explores use of a few-shot transfer learning method to train and implement a convolutional spiking neural network (CSNN) on a BrainChip Akida AKD1000 neuromorphic system-on-chip for developing individual-level, instead of traditionally used group-level, models using electroencephalographic data. The efficacy of the method is studied on an advanced driver assist system related task of predicting braking intention. Approach. Data are collected from participants operating an NVIDIA JetBot on a testbed simulating urban streets for three different scenarios. Participants receive a braking indicator in the form of: (1) an audio countdown in a nominal baseline, stress-free environment; (2) an audio countdown in an environment with added elements of physical fatigue and active cognitive distraction; (3) a visual cue given through stoplights in a stress-free environment. These datasets are then used to develop individual-level models from group-level models using a few-shot transfer learning method, which involves: (1) creating a group-level model by training a CNN on group-level data followed by quantization and recouping any performance loss using quantization-aware retraining; (2) converting the CNN to be compatible with Akida AKD1000 processor; and (3) training the final decision layer on individual-level data subsets to create individual-customized models using an online Akida edge-learning algorithm. Main results. Efficacy of the above methodology to develop individual-specific braking intention predictive models by rapidly adapting the group-level model in as few as three training epochs while achieving at least 90% accuracy, true positive rate and true negative rate is presented. Further, results show the energy-efficiency of the neuromorphic hardware through a power reduction of over 97% with only a 1.3 × increase in latency when using the Akida AKD1000 processor for network inference compared to an Intel Xeon central processing unit. Similar results were obtained in a subsequent ablation study using a subset of five out of 19 channels. Significance. Especially relevant to real-time applications, this work presents an energy-efficient, few-shot transfer learning method that is implemented on a neuromorphic processor capable of training a CSNN as new data becomes available, operating conditions change, or to customize group-level models to yield personalized models unique to each individual.
Gaps in U.S. livestock data are a barrier to effective environmental and disease management
Authors: Logsdon Muenich Rebecca , Aryal Sanskriti , Ashworth Amanda J , Bell Michelle L , Boudreau Melanie R , Cunningham Stephanie A , Flynn K Colton , Hamilton Kerry A , Liu Ting , Mashtare Michael L , Nelson Natalie G , Rashid Barira , Saha Arghajeet , Schaffer-Smith Danica , Showalter Callie , Tchamdja Aureliane , Thompson Jada 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Livestock are a critical part of our food systems, yet their abundance globally has been cited as a driver of many environmental and human health concerns. Issues such as soil, water, and air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, aquifer depletion, antimicrobial resistance genes, and zoonotic disease outbreaks have all been linked to livestock operations. While many studies have examined these issues at depth at local scales, it has been difficult to complete studies at regional or national scales due to the dearth of livestock data, hindering pollution mitigation or response time for tracing and monitoring disease outbreaks. In the U.S. the National Agricultural Statistics Service completes a Census once every 5 years that includes livestock, but data are only available at the county level leaving little inference that can be made at such a coarse spatiotemporal scale. While other data exist through some regulated permitting programs, there are significant data gaps in where livestock are raised, how many livestock are on site at a given time, and how these livestock and, importantly, their waste emissions, are managed. In this perspective, we highlight the need for better livestock data, then discuss the accessibility and key limitations of currently available data. We then feature some recent work to improve livestock data availability through remote-sensing and machine learning, ending with our takeaways to address these data needs for the future of environmental and public health management.
Interfacial bond properties between polypropylene fiber mortar and rock with different roughness
Authors: Hu Jianliang , Huang Yunchao , Wang Xiuru , Liu Yuhui , Yu Shihui , Shen Shizhao , Pan Weijie , Chen Sheng , Shen Yunshan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Effective reinforcement measures for the surrounding rock of the tunnel are crucial to ensure the safety of tunnel engineering. Fibers are very effective in improving the quality of the interface; however, to promote the application of fiber mortar (FM) in tunnel lining reinforcement, it is necessary to study the bonding performance between FM and rock. The mechanical properties of ordinary mortar (OM) and FM were investigated, and bonding performance tests were conducted. The effect of polypropylene (PP) fibers on the mechanical properties and the influence of PP fibers and surface with different roughness on the bond properties were analyzed in detail. A 3D printer was used to print various structural boards to characterize different roughness levels, and the shape of the printed model was effectively controlled, thereby ensuring the consistency and repeatability of the structural board. The test results indicated that the splitting tensile strength and volumetric strain of the mortar were improved significantly with the addition of PP fibers, in which the splitting tensile strength increased by 38%, the elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio increased, and the deformation and energy absorption capacity were enhanced; however, there was little effect on its compressive strength. The bonding performance between mortar and rock surface were enhanced with the increase in roughness, and the direct shear strength recorded the highest value while the bond specimens with a surface roughness of joint roughness coefficient 18–20, also the PP fibers improved the bond properties. This study will be helpful for promoting the application of FM in tunnel surface lining engineering.
Machine-learning emergent spacetime from linear response in future tabletop quantum gravity experiments
Authors: Hashimoto Koji , Matsuo Koshiro , Murata Masaki , Ogiwara Gakuto , Takeda Daichi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We introduce a novel interpretable neural network (NN) model designed to perform precision bulk reconstruction under the AdS/CFT correspondence. According to the correspondence, a specific condensed matter system on a ring is holographically equivalent to a gravitational system on a bulk disk, through which tabletop quantum gravity experiments may be possible as reported in (Hashimoto et al 2023 Phys. Rev. Res.
5 023168). The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct a higher-dimensional gravity metric from the condensed matter system data via machine learning using the NN. Our machine reads spatially and temporarily inhomogeneous linear response data of the condensed matter system, and incorporates a novel layer that implements the Runge–Kutta method to achieve better numerical control. We confirm that our machine can let a higher-dimensional gravity metric be automatically emergent as its interpretable weights, using a linear response of the condensed matter system as data, through supervised machine learning. The developed method could serve as a foundation for generic bulk reconstruction, i.e. a practical solution to the AdS/CFT correspondence, and would be implemented in future tabletop quantum gravity experiments.
What Is Independence for Children?
Authors: Clayton Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter elaborates the idea of independence for children. It begins with an account of ethical independence, or what it means for an individual to set and pursue her own ethical ends. It proceeds to defend the idea of moral direction as a means of ensuring that everyone’s independence is respected and individuals’ political autonomy is preserved. The idea of parental anti-perfectionism—the exclusion of religious and ethical reasons from a conception of upbringing—which is central to independence for children, is introduced and elaborated, as is the idea of anti-perfectionism as an attitudinal requirement. Finally, the chapter explores the similarities and differences between independence for children and the idea of children’s liberation.
Ethics and Children’s Interests
Authors: Clayton Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter asks whether the ideal independence for children is congruent with a concern for children’s ethical interests. It begins by arguing that neither moral scepticism nor ethical subjectivism provides support for independence for children. It then discusses Ronald Dworkin’s ideal of living well, which highlights the ethical importance of authenticity, and shows how this ideal supports a conception of parenting that is similar in various respects to independence for children. The chapter raises and rebuts the criticism that parental anti-perfectionism is bad for children because it is not sensitive to their ethical interests in having ‘childhood goods’, in enjoying an upbringing that integrates the moral and ethical aspects of their lives, or in being prevented from embracing mistaken conceptions of the good. Finally, the chapter addresses the argument that parental anti-perfectionism is mistaken because its claim that paedobaptism is impermissible exposes children to the risk of eternal damnation.
Family Values and Parents’ Interests
Authors: Clayton Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter further elaborates an anti-perfectionist conception of family life. Some argue that independence for children is ill suited to sustaining intimate relationships between parents and their children. Others argue that parents have interests that justify their having the right to enrol their children into particular religious or ethical traditions. The first argument of the chapter is that, notwithstanding its objections to religious enrolment, independence for children is compatible with familial intimacy: it sometimes permits parents to reveal their religious convictions and ethical enthusiasms, and it is not inconsistent with the joint pursuit of certain moral or ethical goals. The chapter then argues that the welfare or integrity of parents does not defeat the independence-based moral claims of children. The final section asks, if we are not morally permitted to appeal to controversial religious ideals when parenting, may we appeal to them when we are deciding whether to have children?
Sovereign Reason
Authors: Cureton Adam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We often invoke reason, rationality, reasonableness, reasons, and related concepts in common sense. Despite what many serious thinkers claim, the reason of everyday life is far more substantive than cold logic or calculating self-interest. This book explores the idea that our power of reason includes an expansive set of governing abilities, motives, and principles. It develops this novel theory drawing on a wide variety of Kant’s texts and highlighting themes in ordinary ways of speaking and thinking that have not been sufficiently investigated. The book’s unifying idea is of an autonomous person who governs herself completely by reason. The Sovereignty Conception of Reason dramatically extends traditional Kantian conceptions of rational self-governance. We can use reason to govern our many mental powers, not just to make choices. We can legislate, execute, and adjudicate in ourselves all kinds of rational standards, not just moral ones. The Sovereignty Conception of Reason holds that our reason includes substantive interests in various things. Part of having a rational nature is to care about knowledge, enlightenment, happiness, solidarity, and other things for their own sake. The Sovereignty Conception of Reason also holds that our reason includes a principle of justifiability according to which mental acts of all kinds are required by reason if and because they are justifiable to rational people on the basis of their substantive interests of reason. The book contrasts the Sovereignty Conception of Reason with other prominent theories and explores rational principles concerning beneficence, coercion, deception, friendship, respect, happiness, and self-development.
Introduction to Part I
Authors: Cureton Adam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Common sense and ordinary language suggest that our reason is an embodied mental power that allows us to govern ourselves. Through our reason, we can keep ourselves in check, think and act rationally, overcome unreasonable biases and temptations, assess ourselves by standards of reason, and relate with others in rational and reasonable ways. This basic idea of autonomy or rational self-governance is partially reflected in Plato’s charioteer, in Butler’s authoritative conscience, and in Kant’s claim that we are subject only to moral laws that we give to ourselves. Our commonsense understanding of reason, however, is more expansive and complicated than philosophers commonly recognize. This chapter introduces the first part of the book, which aims to develop the basic features of the Sovereignty Conception of Reason and show its initial plausibility by exploring four main questions about the idea of autonomy or rational self-governance. These orienting questions are: (1) What features of ourselves does our power of reason allow us to govern? (2) In what ways does our reason allow us to govern ourselves? (3) What moves us to govern ourselves by reason? (4) What are the requirements of reason through which we govern ourselves? Addressing these questions in Part I reveals a rich theory of reason that fits reasonably well with common sense. It also offers new and appealing ways of answering traditional challenges to Kantian views of reason and autonomy. The chapter ends with some background Kantian ideas about our power of reason, including the idea of human reason.
Rational Nature
Authors: Cureton Adam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Our power of reason includes substantive final interests in rational nature as such in all people. Having a rational nature involves caring about the preservation, development, and exercise of reason in ourselves and everyone else for its own sake. The aim of this chapter is to explore the idea that we have substantive final interests in preserving, developing, and exercising the power of reason in its entirety in ourselves and others and to consider some presumptive laws of reason that these interests might favor when combined with the Sovereignty Conception of Reason’s Partial Principle of Justifiability (SCR-PPJ). The focus is on explaining our interests of reason in rational nature as such and on interpreting and applying these interests to our human power of reason, which is an embodied mental power that can be destroyed, damaged, cultivated, and exercised in ways that depend on our bodies and circumstances. Our interest of reason in protecting embodied rational nature favors laws that, for example, presumptively forbid us from killing anyone with the power of reason, destroying parts of someone’s power of reason, and causing various kinds of sickness, pain, and fatigue that make it difficult for people to exercise their rational abilities. We presumptively should use our own reason rather than allow others to reason for us, help others do the same, and establish freedom of thought so that we can exercise our reason without fear, intimidation, or other influences that tend to interfere with our reasoning.
The Music Room
Authors: Johnson Jake 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
From 1981 to 1994, Betty Freeman (1921–2009) helped organize and host a series of monthly musicales, or salons, in Los Angeles. Most of these salons were held in a room off the den of Freeman’s Beverly Hills home—a space she dubbed “the music room.” An avid art collector and patron of new music, Freeman saw these salons as an important space to foster the development of contemporary composition among leading and upcoming composers in both America and Europe. Over the span of 13 seasons, 144 composers, performers, and dignitaries in the contemporary music world spoke and performed music before a gathering of elite arts administrators, scholars, critics, patrons, and composers from the greater Los Angeles area. Even more, Freeman and her co-organizer, music critic Alan Rich (1924–2010), ensured that young, local composers were frequently featured alongside established ones with international reputations, constructing a network of mentors and mentees within contemporary music.
This book is a collection of transcriptions, taken from tape recordings, that give an unprecedented look inside one of the most significant musical gatherings of the last century. Featuring seventeen composers whose work and relationship with Freeman showcase the wide influence of her salon series, The Music Room is at once a record of these specific composers and a documented history of salon culture in America.
An Invitation
Authors: Johnson Jake 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides background on Betty Freeman, Alan Rich, and their Los Angeles salon series. The history of salon culture in America and Europe, the role women played in organizing them, and how Freeman’s salons extend and expand the historical function of salons lies at the center of this chapter. It also explains the cultural landscape of Los Angeles and Southern California, particularly in contrast with other culturally and musically relevant cities such as New York and Paris. This introduction also reveals Freeman’s relationship with contemporary artists, including David Hockney and Roy Lichtenstein, whose works, among others, lined the walls and floors of Freeman’s home, including the Music Room, where all of these events took place.
American Shadows
Authors: Nancarrow Conlon , Carter Elliott , Babbitt Milton 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter highlights composers Conlon Nancarrow, Elliott Carter, and Milton Babbitt. Nancarrow’s player piano music, we learn in this chapter, was of tremendous significance to both Carter and Babbitt. This combination of composers, however, reveals the inequities of legacy and reception as they each entered the later stages of their careers. In companion to Elliott Carter’s and Milton Babbitt’s seemingly self-assured place as fixtures in American music, Nancarrow’s self-consciousness of his music without a home country frames Freeman’s musicales as a space where legacies were not determined but positioned, an intergenerational space mediated less by establishment of influence than by the power of the music itself.
A Universe of Sounds
Authors: Boulez Pierre 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pierre Boulez appeared at the Music Room twice, preferring to talk rather than present any music. Although five years separate his visits to Freeman’s home, this chapter includes both conversations in order to show Boulez’s developed thinking regarding his technomusical center, IRCAM, and his indebtedness to his American counterpart John Chowning, at that time the head of Stanford University’s Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics. Both the magnitude and intensity of Boulez’s conversations here have no counterpart. This chapter focuses mostly on Boulez, whose outsized place in the book attests to Freeman’s role in attracting the most significant composers of the era and from around the world to be part of her salons.
In Memoriam
Authors: Cage John , Braxton Anthony , Larsen Libby 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Two months after his death, John Cage was memorialized at the Music Room. Cage and Freeman maintained a rich and lasting friendship, and her support for him departed in many ways from her normal methods of patronage. Following the memorial, Anthony Braxton and Libby Larsen presented their respective work, their wildly different musical styles a testament to both Cage’s and Freeman’s wide reach into various pockets of new music. This chapter presents the entirety of that salon, the only chapter of its kind in this book. Also included in this chapter is the transcription of John Cage’s 1982 appearance at the Music Room, where he delivered, among other philosophical musings, a mesostic on the word “method.”
West Coast Undertow
Authors: Harrison Lou , Oliveros Pauline , Feldman Morton , Salonen Esa-Pekka 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter draws together composers Morton Feldman, Pauline Oliveros, Lou Harrison, and Esa-Pekka Salonen. While united by a proximity to cultural institutions in California, none of the composers included in this chapter could claim the state as the place of their birth. Rather, these composers represent, in a span of several decades and generations, the thrust of creative minds upon the West Coast. Large funding organizations such as the NEA and the Ford Foundation are placed in conversation with Betty Freeman. No single institution, no matter how large or important, seemed to be able to provide the interpersonal connection and spirit of Freeman’s patronage. In the summation of this study, then, it seems fitting to reflect on the necessity and scope of Freeman’s patronage despite—or maybe because of—the changing course of institutional and corporate takeover of cultural philanthropy in America.
The End
Authors: Johnson Jake 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This concluding chapter contextualizes the ending of Freeman’s salon series in 1994 which also signals an end to how salon culture and patronage operated in America. The fate of salon culture more broadly is recalled from the introductory chapter, as is the relationship Freeman’s salons shared with the neighboring Hollywood and Disney industries. Salons operating in a politically dynamic era, in the shadow of massive entertainment industries, raise questions about where and how new music survives in the decades ahead. Adorno and Horkheimer’s critique toward the “culture industry” likewise is placed in conversation with the purpose of salons to exclude and to be set apart from the world.