bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separation of acetone‐water mixtures by pervaporation using NaMMT‐loaded PVA‐chitosan nanocomposite IPN membranes
Authors: Das Paramita , Ray Samit K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNaMMT clay incorporated and maleic acid (MA) crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐chitisan (CS) interpenetrating network (IPN) type nanocomposite membranes were prepared for dehydration of acetone by pervaporation (PV). FTIR, XRD, SEM, UV spectroscopy, mechanical properties, contact angle measurement, and DTA‐TGA were used to characterize these membranes. The effect of clay, CS, and MA on the flux and separation factor for water were statistically optimized by Box–Behnken design (BBD). Accordingly, the membrane prepared with 39.3 wt.% CS, 3 wt.% each of MA and NaMMT nanoclay showed a flux/separation factor of 0.176–0.733 kg/m2h/ 277–168 for the pervaporative dehydration of 99 wt.% acetone.Highlights
IPN nanocomposite membranes were prepared from PVA, CS, and nano clay.
Structure and properties of the IPNs were characterized.
Synthesis parameters were optimized by BBD.
Membranes showed high flux and water selectivity for acetone dehydration by PV.
Peppermint as a promising treatment agent in inflammatory conditions: A comprehensive systematic review of literature
Authors: Goudarzi Mohammad Ali , Radfar Mohammad , Goudarzi Zohreh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInflammation, a type of the body's defense against injury or infection, causes many chronic disorders including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Therefore, discovering natural compounds with numerous biological activities for the management of inflammation is highly recommended. Out of natural compounds, peppermint and its main component, menthol, has been suggested to possess antiinflammatory potential. Four databases including Web of Sciences, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched to identify articles about peppermint and its antiinflammatory effects up to March 2023. Out of 3805 records screened, 14 articles met the study criteria. The evidence reviewed here proposed peppermint as an antiinflammatory agent. Peppermint may suppress inflammation by activating the AMP‐activated protein kinase/unc‐51 like kinase 1/nuclear factor‐E2 associated factor 2 autophagy pathway, downregulating extracellular signal‐regulated kinase‐nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen activated protein kinases pathways, attenuating oxidative stress, suppressing the production of pro‐inflammatory mediators and nitric oxide, and inducing the production of antiinflammatory prostaglandins. Due to the promising antiinflammatory effects of peppermint and the lack of human studies in this regard, future randomized clinical trials examining the effects of peppermint on inflammation and its related maladies are warranted.
On a rainbow extremal problem for color‐critical graphs
Authors: Chakraborti Debsoumya , Kim Jaehoon , Lee Hyunwoo , Liu Hong , Seo Jaehyeon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGiven graphs over a common vertex set of size , what is the maximum value of having no “colorful” copy of , that is, a copy of containing at most one edge from each ? Keevash, Saks, Sudakov, and Verstraëte denoted this number as and completely determined for large . In fact, they showed that, depending on the value of , one of the two natural constructions is always the extremal construction. Moreover, they conjectured that the same holds for every color‐critical graphs, and proved it for 3‐color‐critical graphs. They also asked to classify the graphs that have only these two extremal constructions. We prove their conjecture for 4‐color‐critical graphs and for almost all ‐color‐critical graphs when . Moreover, we show that for every non‐color‐critical non‐bipartite graphs, none of the two natural constructions is extremal for certain values of .
Military wealth: How money shapes Indigenous‐state relations among Canadian rangers
Authors: Romagnoli Bianca 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPresented as the eyes, ears, and voice for the Canadian Armed Forces in the Canadian Arctic, Canadian Rangers within the first Canadian Ranger Patrol Group (1CRPG) are applauded as being positive and progressive examples of state‐Indigenous relations. Located in almost 70 communities across the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, the Yukon and Atlin, British Columbia (BC), Canadian Rangers in 1CRPG are viewed as a critical part of the arctic defense strategy and a cheap and easy way to maintain arctic sovereignty, especially in predominately Indigenous communities in the high arctic. Focusing on how Rangers and Ranger Instructors talk and think about the pay system, this article examines how value is ascribed to Rangers depending on their ability and desire to financially invest in the organization. Studying the polarity, this article analyzes how the military—which prides itself on employing Indigenous people as part of arctic defense—reinforces colonial ideologies and relational structures of Indigenous communities' dependence on state aid. However, this, I argue, further entrenches dangerous colonial stereotypes that (Indigenous) members make poor economic choices and are thus responsible for continuing their ongoing poverty and inferiority.
We Ask Students What they Understand, Not How they Understand: Making Reasoning Comprehension Processes Visible and Explicit
Authors: Lee Carol D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper pushes beyond current debates over what is being called the science of reading to articulate a multidimensional complex conception of what is entailed in reading comprehension. Reading comprehension entails not only cognitive processes, but equally important is how issues of identity along multiple dimensions, perceptions of tasks and settings, social and emotional relationships intersect to shape effort and motivation to comprehend. The paper argues that a central problem in the typical teaching of reading comprehension in the K–12 sector is insufficient attention to processes or meaning making. Typical instruction focuses on the outcomes of comprehension, but not on how readers can/should go about trying to make sense of texts. Such instruction can be created by communities of teachers who examine the sources of text difficulty in texts they are teaching. The paper offers explicit criteria for evaluating sources of text complexity in informational and literary texts, and in so doing push beyond the boundaries of traditional Lexile scores.
Patient‐reported outcomes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An insight for a healthcare system undergoing reform
Authors: Fanous Nadia , Samarkandi Lujain , Al‐Bsheish Mohammad , Abu‐Elenin Mira M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPatient‐reported outcomes (PROs) are closely related to the delivery of high‐quality care and services. Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) are the tools used to measure the PROs. Despite the challenges and barriers associated with using PROs and PROMs, measuring PROs is valuable for a patient's health status and advancing evidence‐based medicine. Real‐world implementation of PROMs may especially open possibilities for healthcare systems under reform, such as Saudi Arabia. This paper highlights the concepts of PROs and PROMs. Moreover, it distinguishes between PROs and other concepts such as patient experience, quality of life, and patient satisfaction. It also explores the available literature in Saudi Arabia and the world regarding PROs and their role in improving healthcare systems. Last, this paper advocates for utilizing the national and comprehensive tools of PROMS in different levels and disciplines.
Modeling and analysis of scattering in trifurcated guided waves with hard and flexible outer surfaces: A mathematical study
Authors: Alahmadi Hani 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article discusses the scattering in a trifurcated guided wave featuring the combination of hard and flexible exterior surfaces. Through the formulation of the relevant boundary value problem and modes matching of orthogonal and non‐orthogonal functions, a comprehensive solution is obtained through infinite linear algebraic equations. The structural complexity of these structures introduces challenges related to non‐linearities in dispersive relations, and uncommon orthogonal characteristics of eigenfunctions. Therefore, by reorganizing the differential system into an algebraic one, a solution is obtained by truncating the system numerically. Further, analytical and numerical tests validate the solution, including graphical representations of relative powers versus frequency. The results reveal that transmission dominates reflection for frequencies above 900Hz in the symmetrical setting, with nearly equal power propagating through regions 2, 3, and 4. In the non‐symmetrical setting, power primarily transmits through region 4 for frequencies above 600Hz whereas most of the power being reflected at cut‐on frequencies when region 3 as rigid‐soft instead of rigid‐rigid. The obtained solution also confirms the properties of eigenfunctions, and the power distribution among different regions validates the accuracy of the solution. This work holds significance as it provides a standard procedure for modeling and solving a broad range of multifurcated problems with multiple dynamic boundary properties. The findings aid the understanding and development of waveguide systems, offering vision to practical applications in various fields involving complex wave propagation.
Why and How Territory
Authors: Mazzoleni Oscar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis introductory chapter highlights the relevance of the territorial dimension in contemporary democratic politics and how it can be incorporated into a conceptual configuration of a territory-oriented approach in political sociology. It also emphasises the need for an interdisciplinary dialogue between political sociology and the humanities—in particular, with geographic scholarship—to better understand the complexities of the territorial dimension in democratic politics.
Towards a Territory-Oriented Approach
Authors: Mazzoleni Oscar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses how the concept of territory is key to understanding contemporary democratic politics. Assuming its polysemic meaning and its different uses of the concept in humanities and social sciences, the heuristic strength of territory is identified in conjunction with a set of related concepts. Throughout an interdisciplinary dialogue, it is explored how the concept of territory takes on relevance in relation to space, political institution, strategy, appropriation, place, borders and networks.
Precision cosmological constraints on atomic dark matter
Authors: Bansal Saurabh , Barron Jared , Curtin David , Tsai Yuhsin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Atomic dark matter is a simple but highly theoretically motivated possibility for an interacting dark sector that could constitute some or all of dark matter. We perform a comprehensive study of precision cosmological observables on minimal atomic dark matter, exploring for the first time the full parameter space of dark QED coupling and dark electron and proton masses (αD,$$ {m}_{e_D} $$

m

e
D

,$$ {m}_{p_D} $$

m

p
D

) as well as the two cosmological parameters of aDM mass fraction fD and temperature ratio ξ at time of SM recombination. We also show how aDM can accommodate the (H0, S8) tension from late-time measurements, leading to a better fit than ΛCDM or ΛCDM + dark radiation. Furthermore, including late-time measurements leads to closed contours of preferred ξ and dark hydrogen binding energy. The dark proton mass is seemingly unconstrained. Our results serve as an important new jumping-off point for future precision studies of atomic dark matter at non-linear and smaller scales.
Peculiarities of beta functions in sigma models
Authors: Gamayun Oleksandr , Losev Andrei , Shifman Mikhail 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper we consider perturbation theory in generic two-dimensional sigma models in the so-called first-order formalism, using the coordinate regularization approach. Our goal is to analyze the first-order formalism in application to β functions and compare its results with the standard geometric calculations. Already in the second loop, we observe deviations from the geometric results that cannot be explained by the regularization/renormalization scheme choices. Moreover, in certain cases the first-order calculations produce results that are not symmetric under the classical diffeomorphisms of the target space. Although we could not present the full solution to this remarkable phenomenon, we found some indirect arguments indicating that an anomaly similar to that established in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory might manifest itself starting from the second loop. We discuss why the difference between two answers might be an infrared effect, similar to that in β functions in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories.In addition to the generic Kähler target spaces we discuss in detail the so-called Lie-algebraic sigma models. In particular, this is the case when the perturbed field $$ {G}^{i\overline{j}} $$

G

i

j
¯

is a product of the holomorphic and antiholomorphic currents satisfying two-dimensional current algebra.
Die transformative Wirkung von künstlicher Intelligenz im Krankenhaus
Authors: Bures Dominik , Hosters Bernadette , Reibel Thomas , Jovy-Klein Florian , Schramm Johanna , Brendt-Müller Jennifer , Sander Jil , Diehl Anke 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungRasante Fortschritte der digitalen Technologie und die vielversprechenden Potenziale von künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) verändern unseren Alltag und haben längst im Krankenhaus Einzug gehalten. Gerade KI-Anwendungen bieten ein breites Spektrum an Einsatzmöglichkeiten und verfügen über ein beträchtliches Potenzial zur Verbesserung der medizinischen und pflegerischen Versorgung. In der radiologischen Diagnostik beispielsweise gibt es bereits vielfach gut erforschte Anwendungen zur KI-gestützten Bildauswertung. In dieser Arbeit werden weitere KI-Entwicklungen vorgestellt, die dazu beitragen können, das Gesundheitspersonal zu entlasten, um mehr Zeit für die direkte Patient*innenversorgung zu schaffen. Begleitend werden zentrale Aspekte rund um die Entwicklung und den Transfer von KI-basierten Anwendungen beleuchtet. Denn maßgeblich für die Integration von KI in die medizinische Praxis ist, dass sie mit äußerster Sorgfalt und Umsicht erfolgt. Datenschutz und ethische Aspekte dürfen keinesfalls vernachlässigt werden, und es ist von essenzieller Bedeutung, die Zuverlässigkeit und Integrität der KI-Systeme zu gewährleisten, um das Vertrauen sowohl der Patient*innen als auch des Gesundheitspersonals zu gewinnen. Eine umfassende Überprüfung auf mögliche Verzerrungen in den zugrunde liegenden Daten und Algorithmen ist dabei unverzichtbar. Im Spannungsfeld zwischen vielversprechenden Möglichkeiten und ethischen Herausforderungen kann die digitale Transformation in Medizin und Pflege zur Erhöhung der Patient*innensicherheit und zur Entlastung des Personals beitragen.
Functional enhancement of mesothelin-targeted TRuC-T cells by a PD1-CD28 chimeric switch receptor
Authors: McCarthy Derrick , Lofgren Michael , Watt Amy , Horton Holly , Kieffer-Kwon Philippe , Ding Jian , Kobold Sebastian , Baeuerle Patrick A. , Hofmeister Robert , Gutierrez Dario A. , Tighe Robert 
Published: October 2023

AbstractT cells expressing a mesothelin (MSLN)-specific T cell receptor fusion construct (TRuC®), called TC-210, have demonstrated robust antitumor activity in preclinical models of mesothelioma, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer. However, they are susceptible to suppression by the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis and lack intrinsic costimulatory signaling elements. To enhance the function of anti-MSLN TRuC-T cells, chimeric switch receptors (CSRs) have been designed to co-opt the immunosuppressive PD-1/PD-L1 axis and to deliver a CD28-mediated costimulatory signal. Here, we report that coexpression of the PD1-CD28 CSR in TRuC-T cells enhanced T cell receptor signaling, increased proinflammatory effector cytokines, decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines, and sustained effector function in the presence of PD-L1 when compared with TC-210. Anti-MSLN TRuC-T cells engineered to coexpress PD1-CD28 CSRs comprising the ectodomain of PD-1 and the intracellular domain of CD28 linked by the transmembrane domain of PD-1 were selected for integration into an anti-MSLN TRuC-T cell therapy product called TC-510. In vitro, TC-510 showed significant improvements in persistence and resistance to exhaustion upon chronic stimulation by tumor cells expressing MSLN and PD-L1 when compared with TC-210. In vivo, TC-510 showed a superior ability to provide durable protection following tumor rechallenge, versus TC-210. These data demonstrate that integration of a PD1-CD28 CSR into TRuC-T cells improves effector function, resistance to exhaustion, and prolongs persistence. Based on these findings, TC-510 is currently being evaluated in patients with MSLN-expressing solid tumors.
Interobserver reliability and diagnostic accuracy of prehospital triage for identifying traumatic brain injury in paediatric patients: a systematic review
Authors: Alsuwais Sara , Alqurashi Naif , Body Richard , Carley Simon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The consistency and accuracy of paediatric TBI triage tools can be affected by different factors, such as patients’ characteristics and the level of knowledge and skill of the caregiver. This systematic review included all the available data on the level of agreement between paramedics and ED physicians about the reliability of tools to identify paediatric TBI and the diagnostic accuracy of several such tools in prehospital settings when used by paramedics.

Methods
MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID), Cochrane Library (OVID), and CINAHL Plus (EBSCO) databases were searched from inception to 27 October 2022. Quality, bias, and applicability were assessed using COSMIN for interobserver reliability studies and QUADAS-2 tool for diagnostic accuracy studies. Narrative synthesis was employed because data were unsuitable for meta-analysis.

Results
Initial searches identified 660 papers in total. Five met the inclusion criteria. Two studies showed moderate agreement between paramedics and ED physicians for GCS assessment. The PTS overtriage rate was 10% and the undertriage rate was 62%, while the triage tape had an overtriage rate of 18% and an undertriage rate of 68%. Pre-hospital GCS had 86.67% sensitivity and 71.43% specificity [95% CI]: 0.74–0.96 for neurosurgically significant TBI.

Conclusion
Low level of GCS agreement and poor diagnostic accuracy may cause further harm to the patient; thus, further studies are recommended to improve the prehospital management of children with head injuries.
Adjacency Graphs of Polyhedral Surfaces
Authors: Arseneva Elena , Kleist Linda , Klemz Boris , Löffler Maarten , Schulz André , Vogtenhuber Birgit , Wolff Alexander 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe study whether a given graph can be realized as an adjacency graph of the polygonal cells of a polyhedral surface in $${\mathbb {R}}^3$$

R

3

. We show that every graph is realizable as a polyhedral surface with arbitrary polygonal cells, and that this is not true if we require the cells to be convex. In particular, if the given graph contains $$K_5$$

K
5

, $$K_{5,81}$$

K

5
,
81

, or any nonplanar 3-tree as a subgraph, no such realization exists. On the other hand, all planar graphs, $$K_{4,4}$$

K

4
,
4

, and $$K_{3,5}$$

K

3
,
5

can be realized with convex cells. The same holds for any subdivision of any graph where each edge is subdivided at least once, and, by a result from McMullen et al. (Isr. J. Math. 46(1–2), 127–144 (1983)), for any hypercube. Our results have implications on the maximum density of graphs describing polyhedral surfaces with convex cells: The realizability of hypercubes shows that the maximum number of edges over all realizable n-vertex graphs is in $$\Omega (n\log n)$$

Ω
(
n
log
n
)

. From the non-realizability of $$K_{5,81}$$

K

5
,
81

, we obtain that any realizable n-vertex graph has $${\mathcal {O}}(n^{9/5})$$

O
(

n

9
/
5

)

edges. As such, these graphs can be considerably denser than planar graphs, but not arbitrarily dense.
An Identity for the Coefficients of Characteristic Polynomials of Hyperplane Arrangements
Authors: Kabluchko Zakhar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConsider a finite collection of affine hyperplanes in $$\mathbb R^d$$

R
d

. The hyperplanes dissect $$\mathbb R^d$$

R
d

into finitely many polyhedral chambers. For a point $$x\in \mathbb R^d$$

x
∈

R
d

and a chamber P the metric projection of x onto P is the unique point $$y\in P$$

y
∈
P

minimizing the Euclidean distance to x. The metric projection is contained in the relative interior of a uniquely defined face of P whose dimension is denoted by $$\text {dim}(x,P)$$

dim
(
x
,
P
)

. We prove that for every given $$k\in \{0,\ldots , d\}$$

k
∈
{
0
,
…
,
d
}

, the number of chambers P for which $$\text {dim}(x,P) = k$$

dim
(
x
,
P
)
=
k

does not depend on the choice of x, with an exception of some Lebesgue null set. Moreover, this number is equal to the absolute value of the k-th coefficient of the characteristic polynomial of the hyperplane arrangement. In a special case of reflection arrangements, this proves a conjecture of Drton and Klivans [A geometric interpretation of the characteristic polynomial of reflection arrangements. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 138(8), 2873–2887 (2010)].
Support vector machine guided reproducing kernel particle method for image-based modeling of microstructures
Authors: Wang Yanran , Baek Jonghyuk , Tang Yichun , Du Jing , Hillman Mike , Chen Jiun-Shyan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis work presents an approach for automating the discretization and approximation procedures in constructing digital representations of composites from micro-CT images featuring intricate microstructures. The proposed method is guided by the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification, offering an effective approach for discretizing microstructural images. An SVM soft margin training process is introduced as a classification of heterogeneous material points, and image segmentation is accomplished by identifying support vectors through a local regularized optimization problem. In addition, an Interface-Modified Reproducing Kernel Particle Method (IM-RKPM) is proposed for appropriate approximations of weak discontinuities across material interfaces. The proposed method modifies the smooth kernel functions with a regularized Heaviside function concerning the material interfaces to alleviate Gibb's oscillations. This IM-RKPM is formulated without introducing duplicated degrees of freedom associated with the interface nodes commonly needed in the conventional treatments of weak discontinuities in the meshfree methods. Moreover, IM-RKPM can be implemented with various domain integration techniques, such as Stabilized Conforming Nodal Integration (SCNI). The extension of the proposed method to 3-dimension is straightforward, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through the image-based modeling of polymer-ceramic composite microstructures.