bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study of ICG laser therapy of acne vulgaris: Photodynamic and photothermolysis treatment
Authors: Tuchin Valery V. , Genina Elina A. , Bashkatov Alexey N. , Simonenko Georgy V. , Odoevskaya Olga D. , Altshuler Gregory B. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe near‐infrared (NIR) laser radiation due to its high penetration depth is widely used in phototherapy. In application to skin appendages, a high selectivity of laser treatment is needed to prevent light action on surrounding tissues. Indocyanine green (ICG) dye may provide a high selectivity of treatment due to effective ICG uploading by a target and its narrow band of considerable absorption just at the wavelength of the NIR diode laser. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of the NIR diode laser phototherapy in combination with topical application of ICG suggested for soft and thermal treatment of acne vulgaris.
Study Design/Materials and MethodsTwenty‐two volunteers with facile or back‐located acne were enrolled. Skin sites of subjects were stained by ICG and irradiated by NIR laser‐diode light (803 or 809 nm). One mg/ml solution of ICG was applied for 5 or 15 minutes to the cleaned skin site. Untreated, only stained and only light irradiated skin areas served as controls. For soft acne treatment, the low‐intensity (803 nm, 10–50 mW/cm2, 5–10 minutes) or the medium‐intensity (809 nm, 150–190 mW/cm2, 15 minutes) protocols were used. The single and multiple (up to 8–9) treatments were provided. The individual acne lesions were photothermally treated at 18 W/cm2 (803 nm, 0.5 seconds) without skin surface cooling or at 200 W/cm2 (809 nm, 0.5 seconds) with cooling.ResultsThe observations during 1–2 months showed that soft acne treatment decreased the number of active elements, reduced erythema and inflammation, and considerably improved the skin state without any side effects. At high power densities (up to 200 W/cm2), ICG stained acne inflammatory elements were destroyed for light exposures of 0.5 seconds.ConclusionsBased on the concept that hair follicle, especially sebaceous gland, can be intensively and selectively stained by ICG due to dye diffusion through pilosebaceous canal and its fast uptake by living microorganisms, by vital keratinocytes of epithelium of the canal and sebaceous duct, and by rapidly proliferating sebocytes, new technologies of soft and thermal acne lesions treatment that could be used in clinical treatment of acne were proposed. Lasers Surg. Med. 33:296–310, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of wavelength on response to laser photothermolysis of blood vessels: Implications for port wine stain laser therapy
Authors: Kimel Sol , Svaasand Lars O. , Hammer‐Wilson Marie J. , Nelson J. Stuart 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTreatment of port wine stains (PWS) by photothermolysis can be improved by optimizing laser parameters. We have studied the all‐important role of wavelength (λ) by performing pulsed laser photothermolysis in the vasculature of the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe CAM contains an extensive microvascular network ranging from capillaries with diameter D < 20 μm to blood vessels of D ≈ 120 μm. The CAM assay enables observation and real‐time video documentation of blood flow in pre‐capillary arterioles (A) and post‐capillary venules (V). The ScleroPlus™ laser (Candela Corp., Wayland, MA) has a smooth output over its fixed 1.5 ms pulse duration and allows the operator to vary several treatment parameters such as wavelength, spot size, and energy. Blood vessels in the CAM were irradiated at two clinically relevant wavelengths, λ = 587 or 597 nm, constant spot size (7 mm), and at different exposures (E = 5–12 J/cm2). Threshold exposure (Eth) (at which non‐reversible damage occurred) were 5 J/cm2 at 587 nm and 8 J/cm2 at 597 nm. Mathematical modeling was developed to interpret initial (within 30 seconds) injury of arterioles and venules at both wavelengths as a function of D when varying E.ResultsVessel injury was graded off‐line from videotapes. For all combinations of λ and E, measurable injury was evident within 30 seconds of irradiation and maximal damage was reached in less than 10 minutes. Vessel damage was found to depend strongly on λ. Damage decreased with increasing vessel size. For all D, damage of arterioles was greater than for corresponding venules.ConclusionsSelection of the correct wavelength is crucial for successful laser therapy of hypervascular lesions and, ideally, should be based on knowledge of vessel diameters for a specific PWS lesion and of optical penetration depths in blood. As a general statement, smaller blood vessels (D = 10–60 μm) should be treated using shorter wavelengths such as 585 nm. To ensure deposition of sufficient laser energy, irradiation at 585 nm, characterized by lower optical penetration depth in blood, may be preferable for PWS therapy. Lasers Surg. Med. 33:288–295, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The interaction of lipopolysaccharides with phenothiazine dyes
Authors: Usacheva Marina N. , Teichert Matthew C. , Biel Merrill A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe difference in the photobactericidal efficacy of methylene blue and toluidine blue against gram‐negative bacteria may result from their primary reaction with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the outer bacterial membrane. The aim of the present study was to compare the reactivity of these dyes with LPS extracted from different gram‐negative bacteria.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe interactions of methylene blue and toluidine blue with LPS from Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), and Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens) were studied spectrophotometrically in 0.45% saline. The dyes were used at the concentration of 10 μM. The concentrations of LPS ranged from 5–100 μg/ml.ResultsMethylene blue and toluidine blue enter into a metachromatic reaction with the LPS resulting the in generation of dimers of methylene blue and higher aggregates of toluidine blue. The more significant hypochromic and hypsochromic effects in the reaction of the latter with LPS indicate a greater metachromatic efficacy of toluidine blue than methylene blue. The equilibrium constants of the metachromatic complex between toluidine blue and different LPS were calculated. The spectrophotometric titration of LPS with the dyes was used to estimate the equivalent weight of LPS.ConclusionsToluidine blue interacts with LPS more significantly than methylene blue in vitro. This may be one of the main factors determining its greater photobactericidal efficacy against gram‐negative bacteria. Lasers Surg. Med. 33:311–319, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the photostimulatory effects of visible He‐Ne and infrared Ga‐As lasers on healing impaired diabetic rat wounds
Authors: Kesava Reddy G. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn this study, the ability of photostimulation to promote healing of impaired wounds was investigated using a Ga‐As laser in rats with experimental diabetes and the results were compared with previously reported findings of the effects of a He‐Ne laser on the repair of healing‐impaired diabetic rat wounds 1.Study Design/Materials and MethodsDiabetes was induced in male rats by streptozotocin injection following which two full thickness punch wounds of 6‐mm diameter were created in the skin, one on either side of the spine of each animal. The left wound of each animal was treated with infrared radiation at 904 nm produced by a Ga‐As laser at an energy density of 1.0 J/cm2. The right wound of each animal served as the control. The wounds were treated with a laser 5 days a week for 3 weeks. Following animal sacrifice, the strips of skin containing the wound sites were collected and analyzed.ResultsThe results from the biomechanical analysis indicated that the Ga‐As laser used in this study significantly increased wound tensile strain and toughness compared to the control wounds. Marginal increases in wound tensile strength (9%) and stress (7%) were observed in the Ga‐As laser‐treated wounds compared to the controls. No significant changes were found in Young's modulus and energy absorption capacity between the control and laser‐treated wounds. Analysis of wound collagen revealed a significant increases in total collagen (14%), salt soluble collagen (31%), acid soluble (14%), and insoluble collagen (50%) with simultaneous decrease in pepsin soluble collagen (19%) in the Ga‐As laser‐treated wounds compared to controls. Comparisons of these results with the earlier findings revealed that the He‐Ne laser appears to be superior to the Ga‐As laser, at the parameters of treatment tested, in promoting the wound healing in diabetic rats.ConclusionsThe differences in stimulatory effects noted between the He‐Ne and Ga‐As lasers suggest that the photochemical response the cells for each laser may depend on the wavelength and coherent properties of the electromagnetic radiation. Lasers Surg. Med. 33:344–351, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function six months after percutaneous transmyocardial laser revascularization: Comparison of two Ho‐YAG laser systems with the same wavelength, but different energy delivery and navigation systems
Authors: Strehblow Christoph , Gyöngyösi Mariann , Khorsand Aliasghar , Sperker Wolfgang , Gatterer Melanie , Graf Senta , Sochor Heinz , Glogar Dietmar 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMyocardial perfusion and left ventricular function (LVF) were assessed after percutaneous transmyocardial laser revascularization (PTMR) in patients not amenable to conventional revascularization, with a comparison of two laser systems.Study Design/Materials and MethodsPTMR was performed with an Eclipse laser in 15 patients, and with a Biosense DMR in 10 patients. 201Thallium scintigraphy, coronary angiography, and ventriculography were performed at baseline and at the 7.5±4.3‐month follow‐up. All patients in the Biosense DMR group and 10 in the Eclipse group underwent NOGA mapping before PTMR and after follow‐up.ResultsThe event‐free survival rates were comparable, and the angina scores of all patients improved significantly, but more so in the Biosense DMR group than in the Eclipse group (1.2±1.1 vs. 2.3±0.9, P < 0.05). Both, the electrical activity assessed by NOGA mapping and the normalized 201thallium uptake at redistribution improved significantly in the treated segments after Biosense DMR, while the global LVF decreased insignificantly in the Eclipse group.ConclusionsPTMR resulted in significant improvements in the clinical symptoms, but the electrical activity improved only in the Biosense DMR group, without transforming to a better LVF. Lasers Surg. Med. 33:273–281, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of the Ga‐As laser irradiation on myonecrosis caused by Bothrops Moojeni snake venom
Authors: Dourado Doroty M. , Fávero Silvio , Baranauskas Vitor , da Cruz‐Höfling Maria Alice 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesViper snake envenoming induces in the victims systemic coagulopathy, and severe local tissue damage such as edema, hemorrhage, intense pain, and myonecrosis. Serumtherapy and other first‐aid managements are ineffective in neutralizing these local effects. The effects of the gallium‐arsenide (Ga‐As) laser irradiation on mice gastrocnemius injected intramuscularly (i.m.) with Bothrops moojeni snake venom were investigated.Study Design/Materials and MethodsMacroscopical, histopatological, and myonecrosis quantification through serum creatine kinase (CK) evaluation was done at 3, 12, and 24 hours (two, five, and eight irradiation sessions, 4 J/cm2, 1 minute 32 seconds per period, respectively), were done after the venom or saline injection, and in venom‐unirradiated mice.ResultsIn unirradiated gastrocnemius, the venom induced massive hemorrhage, vascular congestion, time‐progressing myonecrosis, edema, abundant inflammatory infiltrate, and high CK serum levels. Ga‐As irradiation significantly decreased the amount of myonecrosis in all the periods tested (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe laser treatment significantly inhibited the ability of B. moojeni venom to rapidly disrupt the integrity of the plasma membrane. Lasers Surg. Med. 33:352–357, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of low level laser therapy in myofascial pain syndrome: An algometric and thermographic evaluation
Authors: Hakgüder Aral , Birtane Murat , Gürcan Süleyman , Kokino Siranuş , Nesrin Turan Fatma 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe efficacy of low level laser therapy (LLLT) in myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) seems controversial. Our aim was to clarify the effect of LLLT in MPS by using algometry and thermography.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSixty‐two patients with MPS having an active trigger point in the neck or upper back region were randomly divided into two equal groups according to therapy applied (group 1: LLLT + stretching exercises, group 2: stretching exercises alone). The outcome measures were pain measured with visual analogue scale (VAS), algometry on the trigger point, algometric difference, thermographic difference, and thermal asymmetry. Comparison was made within and between the groups pre‐ and post‐therapeutically and 3 weeks after therapy.ResultsMean pain values decreased more significantly in group 1 from baseline to 3 weeks follow up (7.54–3.06) while these values were 7.03–5.19 in group 2 (P < 0.05). Group comparisons revealed significant favorable differences in group 1 patients in terms of all other parameters at the first and the second evaluation post therapeutically (P < 0.05).ConclusionsLLLT seemed to be beneficial for pain in MPS by using algometry and thermography. Lasers Surg. Med. 33:339–343, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EPR‐Messungen in warmgehenden Anlagen
Authors: Schultze S. , Göllner J. , Panitz J. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractEs wird über Erfahrungen zum Sensibilisierungsverhalten von austenitischen titan‐ und niobstabilisierten Stählen unter Praxisbedingungen bei Betriebstemperaturen zwischen 340 und 600°C berichtet. Auf Sensibilisierung wurden sowohl Rohr‐ und Flanschmaterial als auch Schweißverbindungen einschließlich Wärmeeinflusszonen mit Hilfe des Verfahrens der elektrochemischen potentiodynamischen Reaktivierung (EPR) geprüft. Die Messungen erfolgten während eines Anlagenstillstandes vor Ort an verschiedenen Rohren mit Durchmessern zwischen 150 bis 460 mm mit einer Aufsatzmesszelle.
Beispiel für die Untersuchung eines Korrosionsschadens an Aluminium‐Dach‐ und Fassadenblechen
Authors: Huppatz W. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAn Aluminiumdach‐ und ‐fassadenblechen aus einem Schmelzwerk wurde die Schädigung untersucht, die durch die Einwirkung von Flugstaub, Reinigungssalzen und Gasen aus dem Betrieb auf die blanke Aluminiumoberfläche ausging. Als Kriterien für die Schädigung wurden die Wanddickenabnahme, die Verringerung der Festigkeitseigenschaften und das Auftreten von Loch‐ und Muldenkorrosion gewertet. Die Schäden waren nach den Resultaten der analytischen Messungen auf Chloride, Sulfate und Fluoride in Zusammenwirken mit der großen Acidität der Ablagerungen in feuchten Zustand zurückzuführen. Qualitätsmängel an den Aluminiumwerkstoffen waren nicht gegeben. Unter den ermittelten Bedingungen waren die Grenzen der Korrosionsbeständigkeit des Aluminiums überschritten. Die Anwendung von Aluminium unter solchen Einflüssen erfordert eine Beschichtung – beispielsweise durch eine PVF2‐Einbrennlackierung oder durch Kaschierung mit einer Tedlar®‐Folie.
Lochkorrosion nichtrostender Stähle und hochlegierte Fe/Ni/Cr/Mo‐Werkstoffe ‐ Entwicklungsstufen und Untersuchungsverfahren
Authors: Riedel G. , Werner H. , Friedrich S. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBezogen auf die Entwicklungsstufen der Lochkorrosion werden Bestimmungsgrößen und Einflussfaktoren dargelegt. Nach der Erläuterung markanter Lochkorrosionspotentiale werden Möglichkeiten zur Detektierung der Entwicklungsstufen der Lochkorrosion aufgezeigt und auf ihre Beeinflussung durch charakteristische Merkmale des Metalls, durch die chemische Zusammensetzung des Mediums und durch physikalische Bedingungen eingegangen. Aufbauend darauf werden Belastungen und Auswertemethoden zur Prüfung der Lochkorrosionsbeständigkeit diskutiert und für technische Fragestellungen wichtige chemische und elektrochemische Prüfverfahren vorgestellt.Erwähnt wird ein in Entwicklung befindliches Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Lochkorrosionsbeständigkeit von Schweißverbindungen direkt an Apparaten und Anlagen.
Inhibitor efficiency inside small crevices investigated by Electrochemical Noise Analysis
Authors: Schneider M. , Galle K. , Pohl H. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe Electrochemical Noise Analysis (ENA) is a novel technique employed to investigate dynamic properties of electrochemical systems. The influence of chromate inhibitors on the corrosion activity of an AA 2024 surface in a chloride containing sodium solution was studied by the measurement of current noise under potential control. The noise analysis clearly shows the efficiency of the chromate inhibitor on the crevice corrosion as well as the sufficiency of the ENA as a useful tool as an inhibitor screening process. The measurement under crevice condition was carried out in‐situ in an artificial crevice.
Lochkorrosionsverhalten von Auftragschweißungen – Schweißlagen‐ und Oberflächeneffekte –
Authors: Heyn A. , Schilling K. , Boese E. , Spieler S. , Altendorf S. , Burkert A. , Schultze S. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractZur vergleichenden Einschätzung der Lochkorrosionsbeständigkeit von verschiedenen, mehrlagigen MAGp‐auftraggeschweißten Nickelbasis‐Schweißgütern auf einem Superduplexstahl wurden kritische Lochkorrosionstemperaturen (critical pitting temperature, CPT) nach ASTM G 48 C ermittelt. Es zeigte sich eine unerwartet niedrige Beständigkeit der Auftragschweißungen, als dessen Ursache ein ungünstiger Oberflächenzustand angenommen wurde. Da die CPT‐Bestimmung nach ASTM keine Aussage über den Korrosionsverlauf gestattet und Untersuchungen über einen weiten Temperaturbereich damit sehr aufwendig sind, wurde eine neue Prüfmethode angewandt. Diese ermittelt die CPT mit Hilfe des elektrochemischen Stromrauschens zwischen zwei gleichartigen Proben in der nach ASTM G 48 C geforderten Prüflösung bei kontinuierlicher Temperaturerhöhung. Dadurch war es möglich, den Einfluss des Oberflächenzustandes auf das Lochkorrosionsverhalten der untersuchten Proben schnell nachzuweisen und geeignete Maßnahmen zu ergreifen. Der beim MAGp‐Schweißen entstehende oxidische Oberflächenbelag beeinflusst die Lochkorrosionsbeständigkeit negativ. Nach der mechanischen Beseitigung der Beläge durch Strahlen oder Schleifen weisen die Proben eine wesentlich höhere Lochkorrosionsbeständigkeit auf, und es konnte die Abhängigkeit von der Anzahl der Schweißlagen ermittelt werden.
Ausscheidungshärtbare Nickelbasis‐Superlegierungen für den Verschleißschutz im Hochtemperaturbereich
Authors: Bouaifi B. , Draugelates U. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractFür Neufertigung und Regenerierung von hochtemperaturbelasteten Bauteilen stehen bereits ausscheidungshärtbare Schweißzusätze auf Nickelbasis zur Verfügung. Ihre besonderen Festigkeitseigenschaften bei Einsatztemperaturen von ca. 800°C beruhen u. a. auf ihrer Aushärtbarkeit durch die γ′‐Phase Ni3(Ti, Al), welche nach mehrstufiger Wärmebehandlung zur Ausscheidung gelangt. Die auftraggeschweißten Bauteile lassen sich jedoch nicht ohne Einbuße der mechanischen Gütewerte des Trägerwerkstoffes wärmebehandeln.Aus diesem Grunde wurde nach einer Auftragschweißlegierung gesucht, die auch ohne Mehrstufenglühung bzw. mit einer das Substrat nicht schädigenden Wärmebehandlung auskommt. Ziel war, ausscheidungshärtbare Versuchslegierungen zum MSG‐Fülldrahtauftragschweißen mit einer Zusammensetzung zu entwickeln, so dass auch ohne eine substratschädigende Wärmenachbehandlung ähnliche Hochtemperatureigenschaften wie bei Ni‐Basis‐Superlegierungen im ausgehärteten Zustand erreicht werden. Die Legierungen wurden mehrlagig auftraggeschweißt und unterschiedlichen Wärmebehandlungen unterzogen. Als Eigenschaftskontrolle dienten Härteprüfungen. Einflüsse von Schweißparametern sowie dadurch beeinflusste Erstarrungsformen konnten durch metallographische Untersuchungen einander zugeordnet werden. REM‐Untersuchungen an ausgewählten Versuchslegierungen belegten die Ausscheidung der γ′‐Phase und weiterer Hartphasen. Aus den Ergebnissen lassen sich Empfehlungen für das Auftragschweißen von hochtemperaturbeständigen Schichten bezüglich Prozessführung, Legierungszusammensetzung und Wärmenachbehandlung geben.
Initiation and propagation of stainless steel pitting corrosion under heat flux
Authors: Prošek T. , Novák P. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAn effect of heat flux on initiation and propagation of pitting corrosion of austenitic stainless steel in chloride environment has been studied using electrochemical and exposure methods. The experiments were performed at constant surface temperature of 60°C and heat flux from − 15 to + 74 kW m−2. The presence of heat flux from metal to solution shifted the breakdown potential towards noble values and lowered the pit density, whereas the pit propagation rate increased. Presence of maximum heat flux caused, in comparison with isothermal conditions, increase of the breakdown potential by approx. 100 mV, reduction of pit density by 30% and increase of the average pit depth by 40%. The positive effect of heat flux from metal to solution was given mainly by improving the protective ability of the passive film, as the amount of oxygen available at the metal surface increased. With a smaller significance, the effect of intensified mass transfer, which made accumulation of the chloride ions on the surface more difficult, occurred.
Impedance of Cr18Ni10 stainless steel in sulphate solutions after a low‐temperature plasma nitriding
Authors: Flis J. , Kuczynska M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe 00Cr18Ni10 stainless steel was examined before and after plasma nitriding in a 80%N2/20%H2 gas mixture at 425°C for 30 h, resulting in the formation of a supersaturated solid solution of nitrogen in austenite (S phase) with 12.9 wt.% N at the surface. Electrochemical measurements were made on the as‐nitrided surface and after abrasion to various depths. Polarisation curves and impedance were measured in 0.1 M Na2SO4 acidified to pH 3.0; some measurements were also made at pH 6 and 9. It was found that nitrogen decreased the corrosion resistance of the steel in the acidified solution (pH 3.0), but increased it in the neutral and near‐neutral solutions (pH 6.0 and 9.0). The deleterious effect of nitrogen at pH 3.0 was at potentials of the active state much stronger and more dependent on the nitrogen concentration than in the passive state. It was suggested that the increased anodic reactivity of the nitrided steel in the active state is inherent for the lower thermodynamic stability of the supersaturated solid solution of nitrogen, whereas the increased corrosion resistance in the neutral and near‐neutral sulphate solutions is associated with the effect of nitrogen on anodic films.
Macromolecular metal complexes in nature and laboratory: a survey through the field
Authors: Wöhrle D. , Pomogailo A.D. , Suvorova O. , Tsaryova O. , Dzardimalieva G. , Baziakina N. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBased on a very recently published monograph a short overview on macromolecular metal complexes (metal complexes and metals in macromolecules) is given. The understanding of biological system is fundamentally important to construct artificial macromolecular metal complexes. A classification for the various up to now synthesized systems is given, and properties and potential applications are pointed out.