bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
About the Young Lady
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
At that time the twins were both at the university, one at the School of Law in Sao Paulo and the other at the School of Medicine in Rio. It would not be long before they were graduated and ready, one to defend people’s rights and wrongs and the other to help them live and die. All contrasts reside within man.
Discord Is Not as Ugly as Is Said
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Discord is not as ugly as they say, my friend. it is neither ugly, nor sterile. Count only how many books it has produced, from Homer to the present day, not excluding ... not excluding what? l was going to say this one, but Modesty waves to me from afar that I should stop here. l stop here, and long live Modesty, which hardly can stand the capital letter I give her, the letter and the hurrahs, but she will have to go with it and with them. Hurrah for Modesty, and let us exclude this book. Leave only the great epics and tragedies that Discord gave life to, and tell me if such effects do not prove the grandeur of the cause. No, discord is not as ugly as it is painted.
The Incident of the Donkey
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
If Aires followed his inclinations, and I his, neither he would continue to walk, nor I would start this chapter. We would remain in the previous one, without ever finishing it. But there is nothing in memory that lasts, if some more forceful event claims our attention, and a simple donkey made Carmen and her song disappear.
An Hypothesis
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Visions and reminiscences thus ate up the counselor’s time and space, to the point that they made him forget Natividade’s request. But he did not forget it entirely, and the words exchanged with her jumped out at him from the cobblestones on the street. He considered that he had nothing to lose in studying the two boys. He even was able to grab hold of an hypothesis, a kind of swallow that flies between the trees, swooping down and then up again, landing here, landing there, taking off again, and dissipating in a flurry of motion. The vague and colorful hypothesis was this: that if the twins had been born from him they would hardly have diverged at all, thanks to the equilibrium of his spirit. The soul of the old man began to sprout shoots of I know not what retrospective desires, and to review that hypothesis, another Caracas, another Carmen, he the father, these boys his, the whole swallow which took flight in a silent rustling of movement.
Terpsichore
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
None of these things bothered Natividade. She was more concerned with the ball on the Ilha Fiscal which took place in November to honor the Chilean naval officers. Not that she herself still danced, but she enjoyed watching others dance and now had the opinion that dance is a pleasure of the eyes. This opinion is one of the effects of that bad habit of growing old. Do not fall into that habit, reader. There are others, also bad, none worse, this is the worst. Let the philosophers say that old age is a useful state because of the experience and other advantages. Do not grow old, my friend, as much as the years invite you to leave Spring behind. At best, accept Summer. Summer is good, warm, the nights are brief, it is true, but the dawns do not always bring fog, and the sky is born blue. Thus you will dance forever.
Confidences
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One understands that was not exactly the case. It was not with greater or lesser pleasure. It was a rule of society, since Flora had asked him to, I am not sure whether discreetly. That politeness might have also been linked to some desire to learn a secret, I will not be the one to deny, nor you, not even he himself After a few minutes, Aires felt how this little one revived in him some dead voices, barren or unborn, voices of a father. The twins had only given him that same sensation once because they were Natividade’s sons. Here it was not the mother, it was Flora herself, her gestures, her speech, and perchance her fate.
The Morning of the I5th
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When things like this occurred, it was Aires’s custom to leave the house early for a stroll. He did not always get it right. This time he went to the Passeio PU.blico. He arrived at seven thirty in the morning, walked through the entrance up to the terrace, and looked out at the sea. The ocean was choppy. Aires began to walk back and forth along the terrace, listening to the waves and looking over the rail from time to time to see them crash against the seawall and retreat. He liked it when the sea was like this. He thought of the waves as having a strong soul that moved them to intimidate the earth. The water, curling over itself, gave him a sensation, more than of life, of a person, who did not lack nerves and muscles and who possessed a voice with which to shout out his anger.
The Club and the Spade
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Friends of the household came to visit, bringing news and rumors. They varied little, and generally there was no sure opinion about the result. Nobody knew if the victory of the movement was a good or an evil; they just knew it was a fact. Thus the naivete with which somebody proposed the usual game of whist, and the good will of others in accepting the proposal. Santos, while he declared that he would not play, ordered the cards and the chips brought out, but others were of the opinion that a player was missing, and without him it would not be the same. He wanted to resist. It would not be fitting that on the very day the monarchy had fallen or would fall, he give himself to recreation. He did not think this aloud or softly, but to himself, and perhaps he read it in his wife’s face.
The ‘‘Regress”
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When Marshal Deodoro dissolved the national Congress on November 3, Batista recalled the era of the liberal manifestos and wanted to write one. He started it in secret, using the beautiful phrases that he knew by heart, Latin citations, two or three digressions. Dona Claudia held him at the brink of the precipice with clear and sound reasons. More than anything, the coup d’etat could be beneficial. Liberty is often served by seeming to suffocate it. Then, the same man who had proclaimed liberty now invited the nation to declare what it wanted, and to amend the Constitution except in its essential parts. The word of the generalissimo, like his sword, was enough to defend and consummate the work begun. Dona Claudia did not have her own style, but she did know how to communicate the heat of her convictions to the heart of a man of good will Batista, after listening and thinking, patted her on the shoulder confidently: “You are right, my dear.”
Textual Reference
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Before continuing, it is necessary to say that our Aires did not refer vaguely or in a generic way to a few people but to one particular person. His name then was N6brega. Before he was not called anything, he was simply that hawker of souls who met Natividade and Perpetua on the Rua de Sao Jose, at the corner of Miseric6rdia. You have not forgotten that the new mother left a note of 2,000 reis in the bowl of the alms collector. The note -was new and beautiful. It went from the bowl to his pocket in a hall way, not without some struggle.
A Visit to the Marshal
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Dona Claudia, when he finished, asked him simply: ‘‘Are you going to see the marshal today?” Batista, returning to his senses, said: “Of course.” They had agreed that he would call on the president of the republic to explain to him the commission that he had carried out, which was confidential and nevertheless, impartial. He would talk about the spirit of concord which guided his actions and the esteem he garnered. Then he would talk about the desirability of a government which, through strength and liberty, would be even better than that of the generalissimo, concluding with a final, well-studied phrase.
Not Just the Truth Should Be Told to a Mother
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
t nine o’clock the next morning, Natividade was ready to go to the Mass that she had requested at the church in Gloria.
And two, three, four, five times she went to the door of their room to check if there were any sounds, in answer to the note she had left. Nothing. She concluded that they had come in late. She didn’t guess that they were sleeping on an agreement, nor what the agreement was about. As long as they were sleeping on soft beds, all was well. Anyway, she put on her gloves, went downstairs, got into her carriage, and went to church.
The Third
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fearing those thoughts, what was Flora to do? She opened one of the windows to her room, which faced the street, leaned over the balcony, and looked up and down. She saw the starless night, the few people walking by, silently or talking, a few rooms lit and open, one with a piano. She did not see a certain figure of a man on the opposite sidewalk, looking at the Batista house. She did not see the figure, nor would it matter to her who it was. As soon as the figure saw her, it trembled and did not unfasten its eyes from her, nor its feet from the ground.
Withdrawal
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
That night passed without incident. The twins came, Flora did not appear, and the next day two notes asked Dona Cliudia how her daughter was doing. The mother responded that she was well. But Flora did not receive them with the usual happiness. There was something wrong that made her quiet. They asked her for music, she played. That was good because it was a way of withdrawing into herself. She did not respond to their handclasps as they supposed she had until a short while ago. Thus it was that night, and so it went on the following. First one then the other arrived early, thinking it was the presence of the rival that confused the girl. But precedence was worth nothing.
The Doctor Aires
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
0ne day it seemed to the mother that her daughter was nervous. She questioned her and discovered that Flora was having dizzy spells and lapses of memory. That was just the day that Aires appeared for a visit, with messages from Natividade. The mother spoke to him first and confided her fears to him. She asked that he question her as well. Aires put on the airs of a doctor, and when the young woman appeared and the mother left them in the parlor together, he took care to question her cautiously.
Both Who?
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We were at the point where one of the windows of the room increased the amount of light and sky that Flora asked for, despite the fever, which was in fact low. What happened next should take a book. It was not right away, it took long hours and some days. There was enough time so Flora and life could have a reconciliation or a farewell. Both one and the other could be extensive; they could also be short. I knew a man who became ill when he was old, if not from old age itself, and he spent an almost infinite time in his final farewell. He was already asking for death, but when he saw the fleshless face of his final friend spying through the half-open door, he turned his head away and hummed a nursery song, to deceive her and live.
A Summary of Hopes
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
“when one does not wish it, two cannot fight”: such is the old proverb that I heard as a lad, the best age to hear proverbs. In maturity they should already be part of the bag gage of life, fruits of ancient and common experience. I believed this one, but that was not what gave me the resolve never to fight. It was because I found it in myself, that I gave it credence. Even if it had not existed, it would have been the same. As for how I came not to want to, I cannot answer, I don’t know. Nobody opposed me. I got along with all temperaments. I had few disagreements, and I only lost one or two friendships, so peacefully, in fact, that the lost friends did not stop greeting me in the street. One of them asked me forgiveness in his will.
Defining the Public: Representative Men
Authors: Patterson Anita Haya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The emphasis raised at the outset and sustained throughout this book on the significance of race and rights as being constitutive of Emerson’s concept of American identity immediately calls our attention to a related subject: his inquiry into the exact nature of the public realm in which civil rights may be properly exercised or violated and in which racial identities are constituted. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in characterizing and critiquing the liberal public sphere as a category of bourgeois society. For many political theorists, this critique has hinged upon claims regarding the conditions for participation in rational-critical debate over public issues, and the unacknowledged gender-, class-, and race-based exclusions that have historically impeded the full realization of an ideally democratic process.
Locating the Limits of Consent in “Friendship”
Authors: Patterson Anita Haya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Action registers the connectedness of persons in public space. The reality of any single action is entirely dependent on the fact of its visibility and the presence and reactions of others.’ In The Human Condition, Hannah Arendt is trying to make this same basic point when she excludes any biologically driven and thus “hidden” activities traditionally associated with the household from her definition of political action.2 The Greek polis, in her account, is a place in which all bodily action in political life (including violent action) has been reduced to talk:
The Geographic Mobility of Immigrants after Their Arrival at New York
Authors: Ferrie Joseph P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The immigrant who wrote these words in his diary in 1854 after the journey to America expressed the misgivings most immigrants must have felt at some point in their travels. But this immigrant and his family were not standing on the docks of lower Manhattan when he began to have his doubts. Instead, they were on the shores of Lake Michigan, having just been deposited by steamer at Milwaukee. Though he was unsure of what his next step would be, he had planned all along to travel to Wisconsin. He and his family arrived at New York, but left the same afternoon, bound immediately for the interior where they had heard opportunity lay. Although much progress has been made over the last fifty years in measuring the geographic mobility of nineteenth-century Americans, we still know little of the paths followed by people like the immigrant described above in moving from one location to another. Both the earliest studies of geographic mobility by Malin, Curti, and Bogue that focused on the farming frontier, and more recent work on urban places in both the East and the West by Thernstrom, Katz, Griffen and Griffen, and Galenson, have focused on the experience of individuals located in documentary sources in the same location over several years. These studies have calculated the fraction of the population observed in a place at one point in time that is still located in that place after a period of time, usually a decade (the decadal persistence rate), and examined the characteristics associated with the probability that individuals would remain in the same community. The experience of individuals who changed locations has been inferred from their appearance in and disappearance from these sources.
Occupational Change at Arrival
Authors: Ferrie Joseph P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The research of a generation of economic and social historians has given us considerable insight into the occupational mobility experienced in the United States by immigrants in the first half of the nineteenth century. This work has shown that upward occupational mobility was infrequent during the careers of first-generation immigrants in the United States: no more than a third of immigrants who began their careers in the United States as unskilled workers in cities as different as Newburyport, Boston, Poughkeepsie, and South Bend were able to rise into the ranks of skilled or white collar workers, even after several decades in the United States. This poor performance seems inconsistent with the belief expressed by many immigrants that the United States was a place where economic advancement—particularly occupational mobility—was likely. This apparent paradox may result from a censoring problem in these studies: they examine immigrants’ U.S. occupations using sources such as the U.S. census, city directories, and local tax records, while immigrants were probably least likely to be enumerated in such sources in their first years in the United States. As a result, these studies may miss a great deal of occupational mobility if mobility was most likely in the first years after arrival. Even if occupational mobility was genuinely infrequent among recent arrivals, immigrants’ optimism may have been justified if some of those observed as white collar, skilled workers, or farmers in the United States had been unskilled workers before they left Europe. To see whether either of these is the case, we need to know how immigrants’ postmigration occupations changed as their time in the United States increased, and how their premigration and postmigration occupations compared.
Conclusions
Authors: Ferrie Joseph P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The early years of antebellum immigrants’ experience in the United States were years of change. From their arrival at the docks of New York until up to twenty years later, they changed their locations, their occupations, and their wealth holdings, and changed them in ways consistent with an effort to find their niche in the economy of their adopted homeland. Some groups had a more difficult time than others in making these transitions: by virtually every measure, the Irish fared considerably worse than the British or Germans who arrived over the 1840s. But even the Irish experienced the extensive mobility characteristic of antebellum immigrants in the years immediately after their arrival in the United States.
Introduction
Authors: Rothman David J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The starting point for this book rests in my ongoing puzzlement and fascination with question of why the America health car system 1s so highly 1d1osyncrabc. Although the notion of American exceptionalism can be exaggerated, among Western countries American medicine stands out as practically unique. No matter what the yardstick, the differences are profound. Compared to other industrialized countries, the United States trains a greater percentage of medical specialists and subspecialists. We insist more vigorously than others on the right to choose our own doctors; we pay higher fees for each visit and procedure, in the process making American physicians the richest in the world. We invest more heavily than others in biomedical research. No other country follows medical developments as closely as we do; more medical journalists are employed in the United States than anywhere else. And as everyone knows, we devote more of our national resources to health care. It now represents a trilliondollar industry.
The Iron Lung and Democratic Medicine
Authors: Rothman David J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The first encounter of Americans with life-saving medical technologies was the iron lung, a clumsy but often effective machine that was capable of rescuing polio victims from imminent death. Invented in 1928 by Philip Drinker and widely distributed immediately thereafter, the iron lung became the occasion for Americans to express and absorb the values that would continue to influence national attitudes and practices decades later. Around this device, Americans formulated their initial ideas about allocating scarce medical resources. It is here that we find the origins of the ethic that life-saving technologies had to be available to everyone, that the prospect of benefits, however slim, outweighed the costs, however substantial. And it is here that the message Blue Cross so energetically spread received compelling reinforcement: that the private sector was fully capable of meeting the challenges which the distribution of scarce and powerful medical resources presented. Through private initiatives, not government programs, this country could escape making hard choices about allocation. To the question of who lives, who dies, the answer could well be, everyone lives.
No Limits
Authors: Rothman David J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
American health care policy in the early 1990s seemed to be on the verge of a genuine revolution. Even skeptical observers were persuaded that the twin pillars upholding past practices were crumbling and a new departure was imminent. First, as we have seen, Americans were apparently becoming disenchanted with medical technologies, recognizing the need for tough-minded decisions about allocation. But, second, and even more astonishing, the middle classes were becoming acutely dissatisfied with the workings of private health insurance. The marketplace was letting them down, not giving them the protections they needed. The concern was not so much about the 40 million uninsured Americans as the fact that the insurance costs of the middle classes were climbing and their coverage was jeopardized if they changed jobs or became unemployed. To a number of political analysts and health economists, these two perspectives, joined together, significantly improved the prospects for national health insurance. Once the middle classes felt the need to make trade-offs, to give up unbounded access to medical machines in return for guaranteed coverage, it might well be possible to provide a health insurance program for all by the year 2000.
The Economic Transformation of Latin America.
Authors: Roberts Paul Craig , Araujo Karen Lafollette 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As the twentieth century enters its final years, Latin America is enveloped in tumultuous change. Countries that had for decades relied on socialist development planning and inward-looking protectionist policies privatized, deregulated, and opened their economies to global trade. Like Hernan Cortes, who burned his ships behind him as he set off to conquer the New World, the new political leaders burned their bridges to the old order. They democratized political systems, and a civil society emerged independent of the state. From Mexico to Argentina, governments subjected themselves to standards of truth, morality, and justice, elevating the rights of the individual over privileges that had been seized by the state. The outcome of the reforms is a rebirth in all areas of life: economic, political, social, and spiritual.
This claim may seem excessive in view of the corruption charges made against the Salinas family and Carlos Menem’s family. However, it would be a mistake to view the escalating corruption charges as a sign of rising corruption. Rather, the allegations indicate that a formerly untouchable class can now be held accountable. It is the success of Salinas and Menem in opening the political system that has made such allegations possible. The charges would be more appropriately viewed as signs of increased accountability and political competition.