bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GP130/OSMR is the only LIF/IL‐6 family receptor complex to promote osteoblast differentiation of calvaria progenitors
Authors: Malaval Luc , Liu Fina , Vernallis Ann B. , Aubin Jane E. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractLeukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and its receptor (LIFR) are “twins” of Oncostatin M (OSM) and OSMR, respectively, likely having arisen through gene duplications. We compared their effects in a bone nodule‐forming model of in vitro osteogenesis, rat calvaria (RC) cell cultures. Using a dominant‐negative LIF mutant (hLIF‐05), we showed that in RC cell cultures mouse OSM (mOSM) activates exclusively glycoprotein 130 (gp130)/OSMR. In treatments starting at early nodule formation stage, LIF, mOSM, IL‐11, and IL‐6 + sIL‐6R inhibit bone nodule formation, that is, osteoprogenitor differentiation. Treatment with mOSM, and no other cytokine of the family, in early cultures (day 1–3 or 1–4) increases bone colony numbers. hLIF‐05 also dose dependently stimulates bone nodule formation, confirming the inhibitory action of gp130/LIFR on osteogenesis. In pulse treatments at successive stages of bone nodule formation and maturation, LIF blocks osteocalcin (OCN) expression by differentiated osteoblasts, but has no effect on bone sialoprotein (BSP) expression. Mouse OSM inhibits OCN and BSP expression in preconfluent cultures with no or progressively reduced effects at later stages, reflecting the disruption of early nodules, possibly due to the strong apoptotic action of mOSM in RC cell cultures. In summary, LIFR and OSMR display differential effects on differentiation and phenotypic expression of osteogenic cells, most likely through different signal transduction pathways. In particular, gp130/OSMR is the only receptor complex of the family to stimulate osteoprogenitor differentiation in the RC cell culture model. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of MAP kinase by muscarinic cholinergic receptors induces cell proliferation and protein synthesis in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Jiménez Eugenio , Montiel Mercedes 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCarbachol (Cch), a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) agonist, increases intracellular‐free Ca2+ mobilization and induces mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) phosphorylation in MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells. Pretreatment of cells with the selective phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122, or incubation of cells in a Ca2+‐free medium did not alter Cch‐stimulated MAPK/ERK phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of MAPK/ERK was mimicked by phorbol 12‐myristate acetate (PMA), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), but Cch‐evoked MAPK/ERK activation was unaffected by down‐regulation of PKC or by pretreatment of cells with GF109203X, a PKC inhibitor. However, Cch‐stimulated MAPK/ERK phosphorylation was completely blocked by myristoylated PKC‐ζ pseudosubstrate, a specific inhibitor of PKC‐ζ, and high doses of staurosporine. Pretreatment of human breast cancer cells with wortmannin or LY294002, selective inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K), diminished Cch‐mediated MAPK/ERK phosphorylation. Similar results were observed when MCF‐7 cells were pretreated with genistein, a non‐selective inhibitor of tyrosine kinases, or with the specific Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2. Moreover, in MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells mAChR stimulation induced an increase of protein synthesis and cell proliferation, and these effects were prevented by PD098059, a specific inhibitor of the mitogen activated kinase kinase. In conclusion, analyses of mAChR downstream effectors reveal that PKC‐ζ, PI3K, and Src family of tyrosine kinases, but not intracellular‐free Ca2+ mobilization or conventional and novel PKC activation, are key molecules in the signal cascade leading to MAPK/ERK activation. In addition, MAPK/ERK are involved in the regulation of growth and proliferation of MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antioxidant and micronutrient quality of fruit and root vegetables from the Indian subcontinent and their comparative performance with green leafy vegetables and fruits
Authors: Tarwadi Kirtan , Agte Vaishali 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCommonly consumed, fruit vegetables (12) and root vegetables (15) in the Indian subcontinent in cooked and uncooked states assessed for inhibition of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide radical scavenging activity (SOSA), ferrous iron chelating ability (FICA) and nine micronutrients, exhibited large variability in these parameters. SOSA and FICA were significantly associated (r = 0.803, p < 0.001) with each other. Inhibition of TBARS showed marginal correlation with both FICA (0.38, p < 0.05) and SOSA (0.29, p > 0.05). There were significant cooking losses for each of the assessed antioxidant capacity parameters (p < 0.05). Contents of ascorbic acid, per 100 g of cooked fruit and root vegetables were high (61.9 and 31.3% of recommended daily allowance (RDA)). However, both the food classes were not good sources of beta‐carotene, riboflavin and thiamine (1.66–5.26% RDA). When compared with our data on 30 cooked green leafy vegetables (GLV) and 30 fresh fruits, root vegetables showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of zinc and selenium. Cooked root vegetables were comparable with cooked GLVs but uncooked GLVs gave the highest values for inhibition of TBARS (0.73 ± 0.21 mM vitamin E/100g). SOSA (40.7 ± 15.6 mM tannic acid/100g) and FICA (41.6 ± 14.9 mM EDTA/100g) were highest for uncooked fruit vegetables. Root vegetables had the highest levels of polyphenols (251.4 ± 107.3 mg/100g). For the present study, popular fruits and vegetables such as guava, spinach, bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), yam, ginger and beetroot, and also less common ones like bael (Aegle marmelos), kokum (Garcinia indica) and mango‐ginger (Curcuma ameda), showed potential in vitro to combat oxidative stress. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid scores, acceptability and storage stability of ready‐to‐eat supplementary foods for pre‐school age children in Tanzania
Authors: Mosha Theobald CE , Bennink Maurice R 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate protein quality, acceptability and storage stability of processed cereal–bean–sardine composite foods for pre‐school age children in Tanzania. Four composite products namely corn–bean–sardine meal (CBSM), bean meal (BM), sorghum–bean–sardine meal (SBSM) and rice–bean–sardine meal (RBSM) were formulated to maximize the amino acid score for pre‐school age children and were processed by extrusion, drum‐processing and conventional cooking. The products were evaluated for true protein digestibility (TPD) and protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS). The TPD and PDCAAS were highest in the extruded products. The TPD values for the products ranged from 82 to 93%. The PDCAAS values for the composite foods were 64–86% and were greater than the minimum value of 60% recommended by FAO/WHO/UNU. There were no significant (p > 0.05) variations in the amino acid contents for foods processed by extrusion, drum‐processing or conventional cooking. Threonine was most limiting in the CBSM, SBSM and RBSM while methionine + cysteine were most limiting in the BM. Sensory evaluation showed that, relative to the traditional cornmeal—Uji, the extruded CBSM and SBSM had significantly superior (p ≤ 0.05) texture and highly acceptable color and taste. Storage of the products up to 16 weeks at 38 °C resulted in a small but significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the malondialdehyde concentrations; nevertheless, the levels remained within the acceptable range found in processed commercial supplements. Total acids, pH and organoleptic attributes did not change significantly (p > 0.05) during storage and the foods were acceptable to the end of the storage period. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
European Union accession: passport to development for the Hungarian tourism industry?
Authors: Szivás Edith 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a discussion of how the Hungarian tourism industry is likely to experience European Union (EU) enlargement. The post‐socialist period laid the foundations for systematic tourism commodification and consumption, with notable progress. Set in an extended historical context, accession represents another important milestone in a protracted series of ‘gradual ’ reforms shaping the long‐term trajectory of tourism development. The Hungarian tourism industry, similar to the rest of the economy, inevitably will be affected but change is expected to be incremental and associated with initiatives on regional development, air transport liberalisation, cross‐border co‐operation and increasing use of EU funds, all of which have been enacted before the date of accession. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Levodopa‐responsive infantile parkinsonism due to a novel mutation in the tyrosine hydroxylase gene and exacerbation by viral infections
Authors: Diepold Katharina , Schütz Barbara , Rostasy Kevin , Wilken Bernd , Hougaard Pia , Güttler Flemming , Romstad Anne , Birk Møller Lisbeth 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAutosomal recessive forms of infantile dystonia due to mutations in the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene have been described recently. The main clinical manifestations are Segawa's disease, or infantile hypokinetic rigid Parkinsonism. Here, we report on a patient with hyperrigidity, psychomotor developmental delay, and dystonic posturing of the hands, symptoms that appeared after a viral infection at the age of 14 months. Low homovanillic acid/5‐hydroxyindolacetic acid (HVA/5HIAA) ratio in cerebrospinal fluid suggested a TH deficiency. Molecular analysis revealed a novel (H246Y) and a known (D498G) compound heterozygote mutation in the TH gene. The patient showed a remarkable response to treatment with levodopa. The new mutation and the association of viral infections with the onset and worsening of symptoms are discussed. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Pilot study of the feasibility of in‐office bladder distention using electromotive drug adminstration (EMDA)
Authors: Rose Amy E. , Payne Christopher K. , Azevedo Kathryn 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPurposeCystoscopic bladder distention is an important tool in the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis (IC). We investigated the feasibility of performing bladder distention in the office using two different anesthetic strategies: simple instillation of alkalized lidocaine and electromotive drug administration (EMDA) of lidocaine.Materials and MethodsPatients presenting with urinary frequency, urgency, and bladder pain were recruited for an office evaluation protocol which included bladder distention under local anesthesia. An initial group of 10 patients underwent bladder distention after instillation of 5 mg/kg alkalized lidocaine. A second group of 11 patients had lidocaine EMDA anesthesia prior to distention.ResultsIn the alkaxlized lidocaine group, 6 of the 10 distentions were aborted after less than 5 minutes at only 40 cm H2O. In the EMDA group, 7 of 11 of the distentions were completed using 60 cm H2O for 7 minutes. EMDA afforded a more effective distention as manifest by a greater percent increase in distention capacity over cystometric capacity compared to alkalized lidocaine (135% vs. 70%). Despite the lower pressure used in the alkalized lidocaine group, the median distention time was only 3 minutes compared to 7 minutes using EMDA.ConclusionsThese results represent the first study of the efficacy of EMDA as local anesthesia for bladder distention compared to another method of anesthesia. Lidocaine EMDA is superior to alkalized lidocaine in that it allows for a greater distention of the bladder for a longer period of time but does not eliminate the pain of bladder distention. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Convergence of Galerkin approximations for the Kuramoto‐Tsuzuki equation
Authors: Omrani Khaled 
Published: March 2005

AbstractStandard Galerkin approximations, using smooth splines to solutions of the Kuramoto‐Tsuzuki equation are analyzed. The existence, uniqueness, and convergence of the fully discrete Crank‐Nicolson scheme are discussed. Furthermore, a second‐order convergent linearized Galerkin approximation are derived. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 21, 2005
Role of exercise in rehabilitation of cancer survivors
Authors: Braith Randy W. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractApproximately 70% of all children diagnosed with malignancy become long‐term survivors. Anthracycline cardiotoxicity may complicate physical performance and invite a “spectrum of disuse.” There is a paucity of information derived from longitudinal, prospective, randomized clinical trials of exercise in cancer survivors, and there are no guidelines concerning the risk of recreational (non‐competetive) exercise in adolescent and young adult patients with anthracycline cardiomyopathy. This review will discuss screening procedures that should be performed when assigning exercise regimens to cancer survivors with or without evidence of left ventricular dysfunction. Current recommendations for exercise testing and exercise prescription are also provided. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005;44:595–599. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studies on cellulose acetate–polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes: I. Effect of polymer composition
Authors: Sivakumar Muthusamy , Mohan Doraisamy Raju , Rangarajan Ramamoorthy , Tsujita Yoshiharu 
Published: March 2005

AbstractUltrafiltration techniques have particular advantages for simultaneous purification, concentration and fractionation of macromolecules. Studies are presented on novel ultrafiltration membranes, based on cellulose acetate and polysulfone blends, for the separation of proteins and heavy metal ions. The effects of polymer composition on pure water flux, water content, molecular weight cut‐off and hydraulic resistance are discussed. Scanning electron microscopy images of the membranes show the presence of segregated individual domains of cellulose acetate and polysulfone. The molecular weight cut‐off obtained from the protein separation studies is also presented. Applications of these membranes for separating metal ions from aqueous streams are discussed. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Polyurethane–nanosilica hybrid nanocomposites synthesized by frontal polymerization
Authors: Chen Su , Sui Jianjun , Chen Li , Pojman John A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPolyurethane–nanosilica hybrids were synthesized with frontal polymerization. Structurally well‐dispersed and stable hybrids were obtained via a two‐step functionalization process: First, the silica was encapsulated with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS). Second, poly(propylene oxide) glycol, toluene 2,4‐diisocyanate, 1,4‐butanediol, and a catalyst (stannous caprylate) were dissolved in dimethylbenzene and mixed together at room temperature along with the modified nanosilica. A constant‐velocity propagating front was initiated via the heating of the end of the tubular reactor. For the complete encapsulation of the silica with APTS, different weight ratios of APTS to silica were investigated. The polyurethane hybrids were characterized with Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, and transmission electron microscopy. The polyurethane hybrids produced by frontal polymerization had the same properties as those produced by batch polymerization with stirring, but the frontal polymerization method required significantly less time and lower energy input than the batch polymerization method. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1670–1680, 2005
Full wafer size investigation of N+ and P+ co‐implanted layers in 4H–SiC
Authors: Blanqué S. , Lyonnet J. , Pérez R. , Terziyska P. , Contreras S. , Godignon P. , Mestres N. , Pascual J. , Camassel J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe report a full wafer size investigation of the homogeneity of electrical properties in the case of co‐implanted nitrogen and phosphorus ions in 4H–SiC semi‐insulating wafers. To match standard industrial requirements, implantation was done at room temperature. To achieve a detailed electrical knowledge, we worked on a 35 mm wafer on which 77 different reticules have been processed. Every reticule includes one Hall cross, one Van der Pauw test structure and different TLM patterns. Hall measurements have been made on all 77 different reticules, using an Accent HL5500 Hall System® from BioRad fitted with an home‐made support to collect data from room temperature down to about 150 K. At room temperature, we find that the sheet carrier concentration is only 1/4 of the total implanted dose while the average mobility is 80.6 cm2/Vs. The standard deviation is, typically, 1.5 cm2/Vs. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The utility of the temporalis muscle flap for oropharyngeal, base of tongue, and nasopharyngeal reconstruction
Authors: Smith Jesse E. , Ducic Yadranko , Adelson Robert 
Published: March 2005

OBJECTIVETo determine the efficacy of temporalis muscle flap reconstruction of various defects of the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and base of tongue.STUDY DESIGNRetrospective chart review of a consecutive series of 24 patients who underwent a total of 26 temporalis flaps (2 bilateral) by the senior author (Y.D.) from September 1997 to August 2003 for reconstruction of defects of the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and base of tongue.METHODSVariables and outcomes that were examined included defect location, size, adjunctive therapy, complications, and ability to tolerate oral intake at follow‐up.RESULTSThere was no evidence of flap failure in our series of patients. There were 2 cases of minor flap loss related to early prosthetic rehabilitation. Two cases of transient frontal nerve paralysis were noted. A 30.8% rate of complication (all minor) was noted in this study. At a mean follow‐up of 12 months, 54.2% of patients were tolerating a full diet, 37.5% were tolerating most of their nutrition by mouth, and 8.3% were g‐tube dependent.CONCLUSIONThe temporalis muscle flap represents an excellent alternative in reconstruction of otherwise difficult‐to‐reconstruct defects of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and base of tongue. Donor site aesthetics are well accepted by patients with primary hydroxyapatite cement cranioplasty with or without secondary lipotransfer.
Short‐term distribution of 134Cs in relation to 51Cr‐EDTA after intravenous dose in goats
Authors: Kaikkonen M. , De Gritz B. , Eriksson L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to gather information about the short‐term rate of caesium uptake (incorporation) in different animal tissues and explain them with known physiological mechanisms affecting ion distribution.Methods:  Six goats were given an intravenous bolus containing 134Cs as a tracer and 51Cr‐EDTA as an extracellular marker. After 30 min, the animals were killed and the activity concentration of radioactive isotopes in different tissues and fluid compartments were measured.Results:  The highest relative activity concentration of 134Cs was found in kidney cortex, with a tissue/plasma‐ratio around 50. In urine, the ratio varied between 5 and 28. In the salivary gland, cardiac muscle and small intestine the ratio was around 11, 7 and 6, respectively. The contents of small intestine had an average activity concentration five times that of plasma. In skeletal muscle the terminal activity concentration was surprisingly low, with a tissue/plasma ratio mostly far less than unity. Even in connective tissue and cartilage the terminal activity concentration was generally higher than in skeletal muscle.Conclusion:  The rate of uptake of caesium varies widely from tissue to tissue. Many of these differences can be explained with differences in Na,K‐ATPase activity. Also, perfusion and accessibility play a role in some tissues, like brain and possibly part of the skeletal muscles. The short‐term distribution of caesium differs distinctly from the long‐term distribution reported in literature.
The Salmonella genomic island 1 is an integrative mobilizable element
Authors: Doublet Benoît , Boyd David , Mulvey Michael R. , Cloeckaert Axel 
Published: March 2005

SummarySalmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) is a genomic island containing an antibiotic resistance gene cluster identified in several Salmonella enterica serovars. The SGI1 antibiotic resistance gene cluster, which is a complex class 1 integron, confers the common multidrug resistance phenotype of epidemic S. enterica Typhimurium DT104. The SGI1 occurrence in S. enterica serovars Typhimurium, Agona, Paratyphi B, Albany, Meleagridis and Newport indicates the horizontal transfer potential of SGI1. Here, we report that SGI1 could be conjugally transferred from S. enterica donor strains to non‐SGI1 S. enterica and Escherichia coli recipient strains where it integrated into the recipient chromosome in a site‐specific manner. First, an extrachromosomal circular form of SGI1 was identified by PCR which forms through a specific recombination of the left and right ends of the integrated SGI1. Chromosomal excision of SGI1 was found to require SGI1‐encoded integrase which presents similarities to the lambdoid integrase family. Second, the conjugal transfer of SGI1 required the presence of a helper plasmid. The conjugative IncC plasmid R55 could thus mobilize in trans SGI1 which was transferred from the donor to the recipient strains. By this way, the conjugal transfer of SGI1 occurred at a frequency of 10−5−10−6 transconjugants per donor. No transconjugants could be obtained for the SGI1 donor lacking the int integrase gene. Third, chromosomal integration of SGI1 occurred via a site‐specific recombination between a 18 bp sequence found in the circular form of SGI1 and a similar 18 bp sequence at the 3′ end of thdF gene in the S. enterica and E. coli chromosome. SGI1 appeared to be transmissible only in the presence of additional conjugative functions provided in trans. SGI1 can thus be classified within the group of integrative mobilizable elements (IMEs).
Ligand‐Protein Interactions in Imidazole and 1,2,4‐Triazole Complexes of Methaemoglobin from Chironomus plumosus
Authors: Mohr P. , Scheler W. , Schumann H. , Müller K. 
Published: March 2005

Imidazole, 4(5)‐methylimidazole, N‐methylimidazole, N‐vinylimidazole, 1,2,4‐triazole, 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole and N‐methyl‐1,2,4‐triazole interact with methaemoglobin from Chironomus plumosus. In a weakly acidic environment all complexes show light absorption spectra of the parahaematin type with maxima near 535 and 415 mμ.
The affinity of these ligands to Chironomus‐methaemoglobin rises with increasing basic strength, with the exception of 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole.
The spectra of the N‐alkylated imidazole‐ or triazole‐complexes are pH‐invariant, while those of the complexes with ligands containing a free NH‐group shift their maxima to longer wavelengths in alkaline medium (about 542 and 417 mμ).
This spectral change is attributed to the deprotonation of the NH‐group of the bound ligands. The ionization constants of this reaction have been estimated. They demostrate a strong increase of the acidity of these ligands as a result of their interaction with the haemoprotein.
Furthermore, the ligands influence the ionization constants of some haemin‐linked protein groups.
The results are an example of the changes of the electronic properties of low‐molecular compounds (drugs etc.) interacting with specific receptors of biomacromolecules and vice versa.