bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary and socio-economic factors associated with overweight and obesity in a southern French population
Authors: Scali J , Siari S , Grosclaude P , Gerber M 
Published: May 2004

AbstractObjective:To investigate the socio-economic and dietary factors associated with overweight and obesity, respectively, in southern France.Design:Cross-sectional analysis of socio-economic, lifestyle and nutritional characteristics of a representative population sample. A questionnaire elicited information on anthropometric measurements, socio-economic factors, physical activity, tobacco use, and alcohol and food intakes. Non-parametric tests, multiple linear regression models and correspondence factorial analysis (CFA) were used to estimate the association of the various factors with overweight and obesity.Setting:French Southwest and Mediterranean areas.Subjects:In total, 1169 subjects (578 women and 552 men), aged 30–77 years, were recruited at random.Results:Overweight and obesity were associated with age and education in both genders, reproductive factors in women and tobacco use in men. A few dietary factors were identified (high energy intake and low intake of carbohydrates), but all these variables explained little of the variation (18.5% in women and 14.6% in men). The CFA further investigated the association of lifestyle and nutritional factors, giving more weight to nutritional behaviour for overweight men and women. Factors for obesity differed from those for overweight by being different in men and women, possibly related to psychological behaviour, and there were fewer of them, suggesting an insufficient coverage by the usual questionnaires.Conclusions:Overweight and obesity appear as two different entities. Energy imbalance induced by various lifestyle factors plays a major role in the development of overweight, whereas obesity represents a more complex entity where psychological and genetic factors that are difficult to assess may be more important. General nutritional guidelines appear more adapted to the prevention of overweight than to that of obesity, and individual counselling to the prevention of obesity.
The impact of high non-starch polysaccharide intake on serum micronutrient concentrations in a cohort of women
Authors: Greenwood Darren C , Cade Janet E , White Kay , Burley Victoria J , Schorah Chris J 
Published: May 2004

AbstractObjective:Many public health campaigns encourage increased fibre consumption, but short-term studies suggest that various components of dietary fibre inhibit the absorption of certain micronutrients including carotenoids. These do not take into account long-term adaptation to nutrient intake levels. We aimed to investigate the effect of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) fibre on plasma micronutrient concentrations in a large free-living population consuming their usual diet.Design:Prospective cohort study. Semi-weighed 4-day food diaries were analysed for micronutrient and NSP fibre intakes. Blood samples were taken and analysed for carotenoids, vitamin A, vitamin E, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin C and trace metals.Setting:Participants in a large national cohort study who lived within 30 miles of Leeds.Subjects:Two hundred and eighty-three middle-aged women.Results:The association between NSP intake and plasma nutrient concentrations was assessed taking into account nutrient intakes and other dietary and lifestyle factors. Higher levels of NSP were not associated with lower plasma concentrations of the micronutrients measured, even allowing for the higher nutrient levels generally found in high-fibre foods.Conclusions:Amongst middle-aged women we have shown that current guidelines for increasing the population's NSP consumption can be safely applied. Such guidelines are unlikely to reduce serum micronutrient concentrations, although other, more vulnerable population groups may benefit from further investigation.
Cobalt‐Mediated Cyclooligomerization Reactions of Borylacetylenes
Authors: Goswami Avijit , Maier Claus‐Jürgen , Pritzkow Hans , Siebert Walter 
Published: May 2004

AbstractReaction of bis(diethylamino)acetylene (1) with lithium and chlorobis(dimethylamino)borane yields 1‐[bis(dimethylamino)boryl]‐2‐(diethylamino)acetylene (2). Treatment of 1‐aryl‐2‐(trimethylstannyl)acetylenes 3 with chlorobis(diisopropylamino)borane results in the quantitative formation of 1‐aryl‐2‐[bis(diisopropylamino)boryl]acetylene compounds 4. The 1‐aryl‐2‐borylacetylene derivatives 5, 6, and 7 are obtained by the reaction of 3 with the appropriate haloborane, or by reacting 4 with two equivalents of HCl and one equivalent of catechol, dithiocatechol and 2‐hydroxythiophenol. The catalytic cyclotrimerizations of 5a−d with [CpCo(CO)2] or [Co2(CO)8] lead to isomeric mixtures of the triborylbenzene derivatives 8a−d and 8a′−d′, whereas 6a−d and 7a−b undergo cyclotrimerization only with catalytic amount of [Co2(CO)8], to give isomeric mixtures of the triborylbenzene derivatives 12a−d/12a′−d′ and 13a−b/13a′−b′, respectively. The reaction of 2 with a stoichiometric amount of (η5‐cyclopentadienyl)bis(ethene)cobalt leads to (η5‐cyclopentadienyl)(η4‐cyclobutadiene)cobalt complexes 9. The analogous complexes 10 and 11 are obtained by the reactions of 6 and 7 with a stoichiometric amount of (η5‐cyclopentadienyl)dicarbonylcobalt. Treatment of Co2(CO)8 with 5a, 6a, and 7a yields the dicobaltatetrahedranes 14a, 15a and 16a. Compound 15a reacts with two equivalents of diphenylacetylene and 1‐(1,3,2‐benzodioxaborolyl)‐2‐phenylacetylene (5a), to furnish (1,3,2‐benzodithiaborolyl)pentaphenylbenzene (17) and bis(1,3,2‐benzodioxaborolyl)(1,3,2‐benzodithiaborolyl)triphenylbenzene (18), respectively. The new compounds have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, as well as by X‐ray structural analyses for 4a, 5a, 6a, and 10a. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
D5h Cu5H5X: Pentagonal Hydrocopper Cu5H5 Containing Pentacoordinate Planar Nonmetal Centers (X = B, C, N, O)
Authors: Li Si‐Dian , Miao Chang‐Qing , Ren Guang‐Ming 
Published: May 2004

AbstractPentacoordinate planar nonmetals (PPNs) centered in perfect pentagonal hydrocopper complexes Cu5H5X (X = B, C, N, O), as determined by density functional theory methods, are presented in this communication. The results obtained in this work complete the hypercoordinate planar carbon series with high symmetries (D4h, D5h, and D6h), and may shed new insight in catalyst chemistry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Tissue‐specific distribution of donor mitochondrial DNA in cloned mice produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer
Authors: Inoue Kimiko , Ogonuki Narumi , Yamamoto Yoshie , Takano Kaoru , Miki Hiromi , Mochida Keiji , Ogura Atsuo 
Published: May 2004

AbstractHighly diverse results have been reported for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hetero‐plasmy in nuclear‐transferred farm animals. In this study, we cloned genetically defined mice and investigated donor mtDNA inheritance following somatic cell cloning. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis with primers that were specific for either the recipient oocytes or donor cells revealed that the donor mtDNA coexisted with the recipient mtDNA in the brain, liver, kidney, and tail tissues of 96% (24/25) of the adult clones. When the proportion of donor mtDNA in each tissue was measured by allele‐specific quantitative PCR and subjected to ANOVA analysis, a tissue‐specific mtDNA segregation pattern (P < 0.05) was observed, with the liver containing the highest proportion of donor mtDNA. Therefore, the donor mtDNA was inherited consistently by the cloned offspring, whereas donor mtDNA segregation was not neutral, which is in accordance with previous notions about tissue‐specific nuclear control of mtDNA segregation. genesis 39:79–83, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coat color‐tagged green mouse with EGFP expressed from the RNA polymerase II promoter
Authors: Hsiao Yi‐Chun , Chang Hsiao‐Hui , Tsai Ching‐Yen , Jong Yiin‐Jeng , Horng Long‐Shyan , Lin Shu‐Fen , Tsai Ting‐Fen 
Published: May 2004

AbstractLaborious molecular genotyping and variegated gene expression are two widely encountered issues for transgenic mouse studies. To facilitate genotyping in the FVB/N albino background and to reduce variegated expression, we successfully generated double‐tagged transgenic mice for direct visual genotyping with the coat color phenotype derived from tyrosinase cDNA driven by the tyrosinase promoter and with simultaneous high enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression driven by the promoter of RNA polymerase II large subunit gene. Incorporation of insulator into a transgene construct achieved high efficiency of transgene expression in more than 90% of the founders. EGFP was detected as early as the one‐cell fertilized egg and lasted for the whole embryo development, as well as in all of the adult tissues examined. The coat color‐tagged green mice offer opportunities in applications such as tissue transplantation, lineage tracing, chimera biology, RNA interference, and other transgenic studies. genesis 39:122–129, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of neuropsin and protease M/neurosin in oligodendrocytes after injury to the spinal cord
Authors: Terayama Ryuji , Bando Yoshio , Takahashi Takayuki , Yoshida Shigetaka 
Published: May 2004

AbstractNeuropsin and protease M/neurosin are serine proteases expressed by neurons and glial cells, and serve a variety of functions in the central nervous system (CNS). The current study demonstrates changes in the expression of these proteases following hemisection of the mouse spinal cord. Within unlesioned spinal cord, neuropsin mRNA expression was occasionally observed in the gray but not white matter, while the level of protease M/neurosin mRNA was higher in the white matter. After injury to the spinal cord, neuropsin mRNA expression was induced in the white matter in the area immediately adjacent to the lesion, peaking at 4 days post‐injury and disappearing by 14 days. Enhanced expression of protease M/neurosin mRNA was observed throughout the white and gray matter surrounding the lesion, peaking at 4 days and persisting for 14 days. Neuropsin mRNA was expressed predominantly by CNPase‐positive oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, most of these cells were also associated with immunoreactivity for protease M/neurosin protein. Within unlesioned spinal cord, most protease M/neurosin mRNA‐expressing cells were CNPase‐positive oligodendrocytes, and a substantial fraction of these cells also showed immunoreactivity for NG2, a marker for oligodendrocyte progenitors. After injury, protease M/neurosin mRNA expression within NG2‐positive cells was significantly decreased, while the constitutive expression in CNPase‐positive oligodendrocytes appeared to be preserved. These findings suggest that each subpopulation of oligodendrocytes based on the expression of neuropsin and protease M/neurosin has different roles in the response of the spinal cord to injury as well as in normal homeostasis. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visual recognition of faces, objects, and words using degraded stimuli: Where and when it occurs
Authors: Pegna Alan J. , Khateb Asaid , Michel Christoph M. , Landis Theodor 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe studied time course and cerebral localisation of word, object, and face recognition using event‐related potentials (ERPs) and source localisation techniques. To compare activation rates of these three categories, we used degraded images that easily pop out without any change in the physical features of the stimuli, once the meaning is revealed. Comparisons before and after identification show additional periods of activation beginning at 100 msec for faces and at around 200 msec for objects and words. For faces, this activation occurs predominantly in right temporal areas, whereas for objects, the specific time period gives rise to bilateral posterior but right dominant foci. Finally, words show a maximum area of activation in the left temporooccipital area at their specific time period. These results provide unequivocal evidence that when effects of low‐level visual features are circumvented, faces, objects, and words are not only distinct in terms of their anatomic routes, but also in terms of their times of processing. Hum. Brain Mapping 22:300–310, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro osteogenic differentiation of marrow stromal cells encapsulated in biodegradable hydrogels
Authors: Temenoff Johnna S. , Park Hansoo , Jabbari Esmaiel , Sheffield Tiffany L. , LeBaron Richard G. , Ambrose Catherine G. , Mikos Antonios G. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractNovel hydrogel materials based on oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF) crosslinked with a redox radical initiation system were recently developed in our laboratory as injectable cell carriers for orthopedic tissue engineering applications. The effect of OPF hydrogel material properties on in vitro osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated rat marrow stromal cells (MSCs) with and without the presence of osteogenic supplements (dexamethasone) was investigated. Two OPF formulations that resulted in hydrogels with different swelling properties were used to encapsulate rat MSCs (seeding density ∼13 million cells/mL, samples 6 mm diameter × 0.5 mm thick before swelling) and osteogenic differentiation in these constructs over 28 days in vitro was determined via histology and biochemical assays for alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin and calcium. Evidence of MSC differentiation was apparent over the culture period for samples without dexamethasone, but there was large variability in calcium production between constructs using cells of the same source. Differentiation was also seen in samples cultured with osteogenic supplements, but calcium deposition varied depending on the source pool of MSCs. By day 28, osteopontin and calcium results suggested that, in the presence of dexamethasone, OPF hydrogels with greater swelling promoted embedded MSC differentiation over those that swelled less (43.7 ± 16.5 μg calcium/sample and 16.4 ± 2.8 μg calcium/sample, respectively). In histological sections, mineralized areas were apparent in all sample types many microns away from the cells. These experiments indicate that OPF hydrogels are promising materials for use as injectable MSC carriers and that hydrogel swelling properties can influence osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated progenitor cells. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 70A: 235–244, 2004
Effect of streptozotocin on the ultrastructure of rat pancreatic islets
Authors: Mythili M. Daisy , Vyas Rashmi , Akila G. , Gunasekaran S. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractOur objective was to study the effects of three (30, 40, and 50 mg/kg) doses of Streptozotocin (STZ) on fasting plasma glucose level (FPG) and observe its effects at the cellular level in rat pancreas by electron microscopy. FPG was measured in rats before induction of diabetes and then on 3, 7, and 14 days after induction of diabetes with STZ. Keto diastix urine strips were used to check urine glucose and ketone bodies. Two weeks after the induction of diabetes, the rat pancreas was removed and fixed for light and electron microscopic studies. Three days after induction, the mean FPG level was 112 mg/dl in Group I (30 mg/kg STZ), 217 mg/dl in Group II (40 mg/kg STZ), and 376 mg/dl in Group III (50 mg/kg STZ). Histology was normal in Group I but revealed altered islet structure in Groups II and III. Ultrastructure revealed intact D cells in all three groups. The focal mitochondria and Golgi complex swelling found in A and B cells was occasional in Group I and frequent in Groups II and III. Swelling of other organelles and reduction in the size and number of granules was further observed in Group III. It is our conclusion that the 30‐mg/kg body weight STZ produces mild changes while 50 mg/kg proves to be fatal. STZ at 40 mg/kg has a moderate effect on plasma glucose as well as on the islets of Langerhans at a cellular level. Microsc. Res. Tech. 63:274–281, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solving the asymmetric traveling salesman problem with periodic constraints
Authors: Paletta Giuseppe , Triki Chefi 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn this article we describe a heuristic algorithm to solve the asymmetrical traveling salesman problem with periodic constraints over a given m‐day planning horizon. Each city i must be visited ri times within this time horizon, and these visit days are assigned to i by selecting one of the feasible combinations of ri visit days with the objective of minimizing the total distance traveled by the salesman. The proposed algorithm is a heuristic that starts by designing feasible tours, one for each day of the m‐day planning horizon, and then employs an improvement procedure that modifies the assigned combination to each of the cities, to improve the objective function. Our heuristic has been tested on a set of test problems purposely generated by slightly modifying known test problems taken from the literature. Computational comparisons on special instances indicate encouraging results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 44(1), 31–37 2004
The legitimacy of social enterprise
Authors: Dart Raymond 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSocial enterprise has emerged as a businesslike contrast to the traditional nonprofit organization. This article develops an explanatory direction for social enterprise based on institutional perspectives rather than more traditional rational economic concepts. Through Suchman's typology of legitimacy (1995), the article argues that the origin and evolution of social enterprise is put into dramatically different focus, particularly through the concept of moral legitimacy. Moral legitimacy not only connects the overall emergence of social enterprise with neoconservative, pro‐business, and promarket political and ideological values that have become central in many nations in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development but also explains the observation that social enterprise is being more frequently understood and practiced in more narrow commercial and revenue‐generation terms.
Staffing, retention, and government funding: A case study
Authors: Akingbola Kunle 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis study analyzes the implications of government‐contract funding on the staffing pattern of a nonprofit agency, the Canadian Red Cross, Toronto Region. Furthermore, the study explains the implications of the staffing pattern on services and on the agency's organization. Staffing is one area that the literature on nonprofit organizations has not adequately addressed.The findings indicate that contract‐based funding leads to the hiring of temporary staff and affects the retention of employees. Although contract funding has some benefits, temporary staffing is detrimental to the agency's services. It affects not only employee recruitment and retention but also training. The results highlight how change in government funding from grants to contracts resulted in the agency's new staffing strategy and ultimately reduced the effectiveness of the services the agency provided to the community.
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 null genotype is not associated with pediatric de novo acute leukemia
Authors: Sirma Sema , Agaoglu Leyla , Yildiz Inci , Cayli Dilara , Horgusluoglu Emrin , Anak Sema , Yuksel Lebriz , Unuvar Aysegul , Celkan Tiraje , Apak Hilmi , Karakas Zeynep , Devecioglu Omer , Ozbek Ugur 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackgroundNAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1) is a two‐electron reductase that detoxifies quinones derived from the oxidation of phenolic metabolites of benzene. Exposure to benzene metabolites increases the risk of hematotoxicity and leukemia. NQO1 enzyme activity protects the cells against metabolites of benzene. C to T base substitution at nucleotide 609 of NQO1 cDNA (C609T) results in loss of enzyme activity. Low NQO1 activity may play a role in etiology of acute leukemia.ProcedureWe analyzed NQO1 C609T gene polymorphism using the PCR‐RFLP method in 273 patients with de novo acute leukemia (189 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and 84 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 286 healthy volunteers to investigate the role of NQO1 polymorphism in the etiology of acute leukemia.Results and ConclusionsThe frequency of homozygosity for NOQ1 C609T polymorphism was 3.5% in the healthy control population and 2.5% in pediatric acute leukemia. The NQO1 C609T allele frequency was not statistically different in the children with acute leukemia in comparison to the controls (odds ratio (OR), 0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.58–1.01; P = 0.06). The distribution of NQO1 genotypes among children with acute leukemia was not statistically different from the control group (P = 0.13). These findings do not support the role of NQO1 C609T polymorphism in the etiology of de novo pediatric acute leukemia. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diazonium ion chemistry: replacement of H by alkyl at the central carbon accelerates an SN2 substitution reaction
Authors: Agnew Tara E. , Kim Hyun‐Joong , Fishbein James C. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe rate constants for hydrolysis of diazomethane, diazoethane and 1‐diazopropane in aqueous 5% acetonitrile at 25°C and ionic strength 1 M (NaClO4) were measured by stopped‐flow spectrophotometry. The pH‐rate profile for diazomethane hydrolysis exhibits a pH‐independent section in the lower pH range, 8–10, with a downward break at higher pH, as has been reported for slightly different reaction conditions. In the case of diazoethane and 1‐diazopropane, the reaction remains pH independent up to pH > 13. General acid catalysis of the hydrolysis reactions of diazomethane and diazoethane were examined in the pH‐independent regions. For a limited number of catalysts, the value of Brønsted α was 0.58 for both diazoalkanes. The downward break in the pH rate profile for diazomethane hydrolysis is consistent with what was previously concluded, rate‐limiting protonation by H2O in the pH‐independent region changing to rate‐limiting attack of water on the diazonium ion in the pH‐dependent region, the decrease in rate constant with increasing pH being attributed to deprotonation of the diazonium ion by hydroxide ion. The lack of a downward break in the pH–rate profiles for hydrolysis of the diazoethane and 1‐diazopropane is attributed specifically to the increase, relative to the methyldiazonium ion, in the rate constant for water attack on the ethyl‐ and 1‐propyldiazonium ions, perhaps by as much as >103‐fold. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.