bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Message from the editor in Chief
Authors: YILDIZ Ezgi Pelin 
Published: December 2023

*Message from the editor in Chief

The year 2023 promises many exciting developments for the Global Journal of Computer Sciences: Theory and Research (GJCS). In addition, every year, the number of citations continues to rise strongly in proportion to the increase in the number of articles published. In this respect, first of all, we would like to thank all our authors who have contributed to the success of our journal. While reviewing our new issue, we saw articles from different authors from different countries: Turkey, Argentina, Albania, Algeria.
The multiculturalism policy followed in our globally-focused journal makes us happy with every new issue. We examine the following research areas in the current issue; “A data warehouse architecture proposal and ETL analysis:a case study of an Albanian banking system”, “Applying developed genetic algorithm operators to knapsack problems”, “Developing a new model for context awareness in ambient intelligence”, “Initial value problems: a didactic tool in evolution”, “Remote control of a serial manipulator using a depth camera” .
We will continue to contribute to literature within the scope of Computer Science with our strong team.
Thanks to all our authors the contributors to this issue.

Hope to see you in our new issue.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ezgi Pelin YILDIZ
Global Journal of Computer Sciences: Theory and Research (GJCS) CHEF EDITOR
Antibiotic-Producing Streptomyces sp. Isolated from the Soil of a Mangrove Ecosystem
Authors: Wiwin Retnowati  , Ni Made Mertaniasih  , Marijam Purwanta  , Nurul Wiqoyah  , Atika  , Sekar Maharani  , Wilda Mahdani  
Published: December 2023

Highlights:
1. The unexplored soil of mangrove ecosystems in Surabaya, Indonesia, has the potential to be home to biodiversity,including Streptomyces sp. that can produce antibiotics.2. Streptomyces sp. has antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the duration ofincubation plays a critical role in regulating the antibacterial activity.

Abstract
A mangrove ecosystem in Surabaya, Indonesia, has a high salinity, pH, potassium, phosphorus, and nitrate contents. This ecosystem comprises a mixture of sand, dust, mud, and clay, which has the potential to be a conducive environment for the isolation of Streptomyces. The importance of Streptomyces in biotechnology lies in its ability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites, which represent a valuable reservoir of antibiotics. This research aimed to assess the antibiotic activity exhibited by Streptomyces sp. isolated from the soil of a mangrove ecosystem in Wonorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia. The analysis focused on the potential of Streptomyces sp. to produce antibiotics that work against Gram-positive bacteria (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Bacillus subtilis) as well as Gram-negative bacteria (i.e., Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Salmonella Typhimurium). The antibacterial activity test was conducted using the modified agar diffusion method. Observations were performed to identify any clear zone formation around the Streptomyces sp. agar colonies with a diameter of 0.8 cm and a height of 3 mm. The clear zone diameter was measured every 24 hours during the 10-day incubation period to assess the diversity of antibacterial activity. The antibacterial profile of Streptomyces sp. exhibited varying levels of activity against different bacterial strains in the tests conducted. The inhibition zone diameters demonstrated the highest levels of activity in Bacillus subtilis (15.9 mm) on day 7, Staphylococcus aureus (27.6 mm) on day 2, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24.3 mm) on day 7, Escherichia coli (29.2 mm) on day 5, and Salmonella Typhimurium (27.5 mm) on day 7. The results indicated that Streptomyces sp. had inhibitory effects against Gram-positive bacteria as well as Gram-negative bacteria. In conclusion, Streptomyces sp. is a source of biodiversity found in the soil of mangrove ecosystems and has the ability to produce antibiotics.
Auricular Acupressure Effectively Reduces Labor Anxiety in Primigravidae by Increasing β-Endorphin Levels
Authors: Setiawandari  , Koosnadi Saputra  , Yuni Khoirul Waroh  , Setiana Andarwulan  
Published: December 2023

Highlights:
1. Auricular acupressure at the Shenmen point is effective in reducing anxiety.2. Auricular acupressure is more practical than body acupressure since it does not interfere with expectant mothers' mobilization.3. As a non-pharmacological method, auricular acupressure is cost-effective, efficient, and effective in overcoming maternal anxiety during labor

Abstract
Anxiety is a common psychological symptom in expectant mothers, particularly among primigravidae during labor. There is a link between excessive anxiety and prolonged labor. One of the options to manage anxiety is the use of non-pharmacological methods. Numerous studies have investigated the effectiveness of auricular acupressure to treat anxiety, but few have examined its effect on anxiety biomarkers. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of auricular acupressure targeting the Shenmen point on the levels of β-endorphins and anxiety among primigravidae during the first stage of labor. This experimental study used a pretest-posttest control group design. The research subjects were primigravidae in the first stage of labor at the independent midwife practice of Yefi Marliandiani in Surabaya, Indonesia. Among 40 primigravidae, 34 individuals met the inclusion criteria and were then equally divided into treatment and control groups using a simple randomization. The treatment group received auricular acupressure at the Shenmen point every 30 minutes for a duration of 5 minutes, while the control group practiced deep breathing relaxation. The anxiety levels were assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. The β-endorphin levels were measured by drawing 3 cc of venous blood before (4 cm cervix dilation) and after (9–10 cm cervix dilation) treatment. The obtained data were analyzed using paired- and independent-samples t-tests. A decrease in the mean anxiety level was observed in the treatment group (18.59±7.52) relative to the control group (19.76±7.11), albeit not significant (p=0.64). Simultaneously, the average β-endorphin levels of the treatment group (355.4±224.7) increased compared to the control group (225.1±127.5), with a significant difference observed between the two groups (p=0.04). In conclusion, while both auricular acupressure at the Shenmen point and deep breathing relaxation are effective in reducing anxiety, the former is more prominent in its ability to increase β-endorphin levels.
Metformin Effectiveness in Reducing Mortality among Covid-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at a Tertiary Hospital in Indonesia
Authors: Yudivaniel Zihono  , Hany Yusmaini  , Uswatun Hasanah  , Erna Harfiani  , Md Ikhsan Mokoagow  , Dicky Budiman  
Published: December 2023

Highlights:
1. As there is a scarcity of publications on the use of metformin for COVID-19 in Indonesia, the findings of this present study may contribute more insight to the existing body of research and provide data specific to the Southeast Asian population.2. This study revealed a decreased mortality rate associated with metformin use in diabetic patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection.3. This study suggests that diabetic patients may continue metformin treatment during a COVID-19 infection as the medication has sustained therapeutic effects.

Abstract
COVID-19 patients with comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM), have a higher mortality rate compared to those without any comorbidities. T2DM patients usually receive metformin as their first-line treatment. However, the effectiveness of metformin in reducing mortality rates still requires further analysis. The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of metformin in reducing mortality rates among COVID-19 patients with T2DM. An analytic observational design with a retrospective cohort approach was used in this study. Samples were acquired from hospitalized COVID-19 patients with T2DM medical records at Fatmawati Central General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, throughout 2020–2021. The samples were collected using a purposive sampling technique and analyzed using Chi-square test (p<0.05; RR<1). This study comprised 137 samples, with 56 samples receiving metformin and 81 not receiving metformin. The mortality rate in the sample group that received metformin was lower (19.6%) compared to the group that was not given the medication (38.3%). The Chi-square test results indicated a statistically significant relationship between metformin treatment and a lower mortality rate among COVID-19-contracted individuals with T2DM (p=0.020; RR=0.513). Therefore, this study concludes that the administration of metformin treatment reduces mortality among COVID-19 patients with T2DM.
Traumatic Brain Injury Patients in the Emergency Unit of a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Ramdinal Aviesena Zairinal  , Chandrika Najwa Malufti  , Yetty Ramli  , Diatri Nari Lastri  , Adre Mayza  , Pukovisa Prawiroharjo  
Published: December 2023

Highlights:
1. The main focus of this study was to underscore the importance of exploring the characteristics of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, which have not been extensively investigated, to help establish effective clinical procedures and decisions.2. Three out of every four trauma patients in the emergency unit had mild TBIs, and those who did not survive showed a significant trend of rapid deterioration.3. It is crucial to consistently conduct a thorough and comprehensive head-to-toe examination for all trauma patients.

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prevalent neurological condition in emergency units. TBI cases are frequently diagnosed with severe conditions. Underdiagnosis is common in mild TBI cases. As a result, physicians have an uncomprehensive understanding of the patients' characteristics in their daily practice. This study aimed to discuss the characteristics of trauma patients who were diagnosed with TBIs in an emergency unit. We conducted a retrospective cohort observational study to examine the adult population of TBI patients from April 2022 to March 2023. This study collected several data points, including demographics, clinical characteristics, surgical procedures, and disposition distribution. All variables were compiled and summarized using descriptive statistics and analyzed by calculating frequencies and percentages. During the period of this study, 483 trauma patients were admitted to the emergency unit. A total of 361 (74.7%) of these cases were identified as TBIs. Most of the traumatic brain injuries occurred in men (75.6%), with the predominant age range being 18–22 years (22.4%). Mild TBI cases (74.5%) were the most prevalent, followed by moderate (20.2%) and severe (5.3%) TBI cases. The average score from the Glasgow Coma Scale assessment was 15. Most patients (80.9%) had no hypotension, while a greater number of patients (98.1%) did not exhibit hypoxia as a comorbidity. The Injury Severity Score revealed that the highest percentage of TBIs was categorized as minor (62.3%). It was found that 53.5% of the patients were discharged, while 36% of the patients were hospitalized. However, 7 patients (1.9%) passed in the emergency unit, and 30 patients (8.3%) opted to be discharged against medical advice. Only 21 patients (5.8%) received neurosurgical management. As the most prevalent trauma, TBI necessitates careful management to handle the implications of clinical decision-making. It is crucial to investigate the underlying risk of mortality in TBI cases because the majority of patients do not require neurosurgical intervention.
Efficacy, Safety, and Clinical Outcomes of Splenorenal Shunt Surgery as a Therapeutic Intervention for Portal Hypertension Patients
Authors: Yan Efrata Sembiring  , Heroe Soebroto  , Ito Puruhito  , Dhihintia Jiwangga Suta Winarno  , I Gusti Agung Made Adnyanya Putra2  , Sri Pramesthi Wisnu Bowo Negoro  , Ketut Putu Yasa  , Jeffrey Jeswant Dillon  
Published: December 2023

Highlights:
1. This study systematically reviewed the efficacy, clinical outcomes, and safety of the splenorenal shunt procedure with a comprehensive and meticulous approach.2. The splenorenal shunt procedure is an innovative surgical intervention that offers a viable option for the management of portal hypertension.

Abstract
Portal hypertension is the second most common gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis and non-cirrhosis patients. The splenorenal shunt surgery is a potential intervention that may be considered for portal hypertension patients with clinical symptoms such as upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by the rupture of gastro-esophageal varices. In this study, the researchers aimed to analyze the efficacy, clinical outcomes, and safety of splenorenal shunt surgery in portal hypertension patients. The sources were obtained from electronic search databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, using the keywords "Efficacy," "Safety," and "Clinical Outcomes." in relation to splenorenal shunt surgery in portal hypertension patients. The researchers set specific criteria for inclusion and exclusion to select the articles. This systematic review revealed the efficacy of the splenorenal shunt procedure with favorable outcomes. The success rate of splenorenal shunt surgery in reducing the clinical symptoms of portal hypertension varied between 66% and 100%. The prevailing complications observed in this study were shunt thrombosis, rebleeding, and thrombocytopenia. However, notable improvements could be achieved with general treatment. In terms of short- and long-term clinical outcomes, the splenorenal shunt procedure demonstrated favorable results. It can be concluded that splenorenal shunt surgery provides excellent clinical outcomes and should be considered a viable treatment option for patients with both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.
Oil-Water Flowing Experiments and Water-Cut Range Classification Approach Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Authors: Liu Junrong , Han Yanhui , Jia Qingsheng , Zhang Lei , Liu Ming , Li Zhigang 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The accurate measurement of dynamic water cut is of great interest for analyzing reservoir performance and optimizing oilwell production. Downhole water-cut measurement is a very challenging work. Moreover, the surface-measured water cut is a comprehensive indicator of commingled producing well and it is difficult to use this parameter to deduce the downhole water cut of each contributing layer. In this paper, we propose to use distributed fiber-optic acoustic sensing (DAS) technology for the classification of water-cut range. DAS can dynamically monitor the entire wellbore by “listening” to the acoustic signals during flow. A large number of laboratory experimental data from DAS have been collected and analyzed using wavelet time scattering transform and short-time Fourier transform (STFT). The extracted low-variance scattering feature, short time-frequency feature, and fusion feature (combination of two extracted features) were learned with backpropagation (BP) neural network, decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF) algorithm. Then, a classification method of water-cut range in oil-water flow was established with machine learning. Field DAS data were collected from two oil wells to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The classification accuracies for the vertical well (Well A) are 92.4% and 87.4% by DT and RF model, respectively. For the horizontal well (Well B), the average classification accuracy exceeds 90% for all three methods. Water shutoff measure was conducted in Well B, and an obvious water decrease was realized. The result shows that the fusion feature overweighs single feature in machine learning with DAS data. This study provides a novel way to identify downhole water-cut range and detect water entry location in horizontal, vertical, and deviated oil-producing wells.
An improved analysis method for time-varying mesh stiffness of herringbone planetary gear system considering the crack-pitting coupling faults
Authors: dong hao , Ren Bing-xing , Liang Gang , Li Yue 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS) is a significant excitation source in a herringbone planetary gear system (HPGS). This study aims to investigate the effect of crack-pitting coupling faults on the TVMS of the HPGS. An analytical model (AM) is developed using the energy method to consider different crack scales and the degree of pitting influence on each gear pair of the HPGS. The integral method is employed to solve the AM. The effects of crack-pitting coupling faults on the TVMS of the HPGS are separately examined for the sun, planet, and ring gear. The calculated results of the TVMS are analyzed and compared for perfect, single fault, and crack-pitting coupling fault conditions. Furthermore, the TVMS of the HPGS under crack-pitting coupling faults at four different degrees is determined using the finite element method (FEM), and the results are compared with the AM. The findings reveal that coupling a 10% crack with 7 pits reduces the TVMS by 4% compared to the perfect gear. Coupling a 30% crack with 14 pits reduces the TVMS by 32.5%. When a 60% crack is coupled with 7 pits, the change in TVMS is predominantly influenced by the crack fault, similar to the calculated value of TVMS under a single crack fault. The maximum error compared to the FEM results is 2.63%, confirming the accuracy of the results. Additionally, the TVMS of the external meshing pair is found to be the most sensitive to coupling faults. The results of the study can provide a theoretical basis for the dynamic stability and fault diagnosis of the HPGS.
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II zebrafish model exhibits early impaired proteasomal-mediated degradation of the axon guidance receptor Dcc
Authors: Moro Enrico , Manzoli Rosa , Badenetti Lorenzo , Bruzzone Matteo , Macario Maria Carla , Rubin Michela , Maschio Marco Dal , Roveri Antonella 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Most patients affected by neuronopathic forms of Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), a rare lysosomal storage disorder, exhibit early neurological defects associated with white matter lesions and progressive behavioural abnormalities. While neuronal degeneration has been largely described in experimental models and human patients, more subtle neuronal pathogenic defects remains still underexplored. In this work we discovered that the axon guidance receptor Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (Dcc) is significantly dysregulated in the brain ofidsmutant zebrafish since embryonic stages. In addition, thanks to the establishment of neuronal-enriched primary cell cultures from embryonic dissected brains, we identified defective proteasomal degradation as one of the main pathways underlying Dcc upregulation inidsmutant conditions. Furthermore,idsmutant fish-derived primary neurons displayed higher levels of polyubiquitinated proteins and P62, suggesting a wider defect in protein degradation. Finally, we show thatidslarvae display atypical response to anxiety-like stimuli, hence mimicking one of the characteristic features of MPS II patients. Our study provides an additional relevant frame to MPS II pathogenesis, supporting the concept that multiple developmental defects concur to early childhood behavioural abnormalities.
Microsecond time-resolved X-ray scattering by utilizing MHz repetition rate at second-generation XFELs
Authors: Westenhoff Sebastian , Konold Patrick , Monrroy Leonardo , Bellisario Alfredo , Filipe Diogo , Adams Patrick , Alvarez Roberto , Bean Richard , Bielecki Johan , Bódizs Szabolcs , Ducroq Gabriel , Grubmueller Helmut , Kirian Richard , Kloos Marco , Koliyadu Jayanat , Koua Faisal , Larkiala Taru , Letrun Romain , Lindsten Fredrik , Maihöfer Michael , Martin Andrew , Mészáros Petra , Mutisya Jennifer , Nimmrich Amke , Okamoto Kenta , Round Adam , Sato Tokushi , Valerio Joana , Westphal Daniel , Wolter August , Yenupuri Tej , You Tong , Maia Filipe 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Detecting microsecond structural perturbations in biomolecules has wide relevance in biology, chemistry, and medicine. Here, we show how MHz repetition rates at X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) can be used to produce microsecond time-series of protein scattering with exceptionally low noise levels of 0.001%. We demonstrate the approach by deriving new mechanistic insight into Jα helix unfolding of a Light-Oxygen-Voltage (LOV) photosensory domain. This time-resolved acquisition strategy is easy to implement and widely applicable for direct observation of structural dynamics of many biochemical processes.
Thoracic paravertebral block versus local infiltration anesthesia for percutaneous kyphoplasty to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures combined with intercostal neuralgia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Yimin , Xia Haijie , Chen Shucheng , Qian Yunfan , Shen Guangjie , Zhong Xiqiang , Jia Zhiqiang , Tang Chengxuan , He Shaoqi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) is an effective treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) and provides effective pain relief; however, its efficacy is questionable in patients with thoracic OVCF combined with intercostal neuralgia (IN). This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of thoracic paravertebral nerve block (TPVB) and local infiltration (LI) anesthesia for PKP to treat thoracic OVCF combined with IN.
Methods
Patients with OVCF combined with IN scheduled to undergo PKP between January 2021 and June 2022 were randomized into the following groups: TPVB and LI. Intraoperative visual analog scale (VAS) score, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded. Follow-up consultations were scheduled at 1 day, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively, recording the demographic characteristics, including surgical information, and complications observed in both groups. The clinical evaluation parameters included the VAS score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Short Form (SF)-36 score. Radiological evaluation parameters included the anterior vertebral body height ratio (AVBHR) and Cobb’s angle of the injured vertebra.
Results
Sixty patients were enrolled (30 in each group), with similar clinical and demographic characteristics. The mean intraoperative VAS scores from time points T1 to T5 were significantly lower in the TPVB group [2 (1–2), 3 (2–3), 3 (3–4), 3 (2–3), and 2 (2–2)] than in the LI group [2 (2–3), 4 (3–4), 4 (3–5), 3.5 (3–4), and 3 (3–3)]. The TPVB group demonstrated significantly better clinical outcomes than that of the LI group at 1 day postoperatively, as evidenced by higher VAS, ODI, and SF-36bp scores. The corresponding scores in the TPVB group were 2 (2–2), 20.47 ± 3.14, and 84 (84–84), respectively, and in the LI group were 3 (3–3), 22.53 ± 4.20, and 84 (74–84), respectively (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences in radiological terms were observed between the two groups. No postoperative complications were observed in either group.
Conclusions
Compared to LI, TPVB provided better intraoperative and postoperative short-term analgesia with an equivalent safety profile when administered to patients with OVCF combined with IN.
Trial registration
ChiCTR2000035034, 28/07/2020, Title: “Thoracic paravertebral block versus local infiltration anesthesia for percutaneous kyphoplasty to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures combined with intercostal neuralgia: a randomized controlled trial”. Website: https://www.chictr.ogr.cn