bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NO MARANHÃO: UMA BREVE ANÁLISE DO CENSO AGROPECUÁRIO 2017
Authors: Santos Itaan Pastor , Carneiro Marcelo Sampaio , Mattos José Sampaio , Furtado Carlos Augusto 
Published: October 2023

O presente artigo visa traçar um perfil da agricultura familiar no Maranhão, destacando sua estrutura e potencialidades, em 2017. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na análise dos dados publicados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) acerca do Censo Agropecuário de 2017, bem como recorreu à revisão de literatura sobre a dinâmica recente da agricultura maranhense. Os resultados obtidos procuram delinear o perfil da agricultura familiar maranhense, destacando alguns aspectos que ficaram mais evidenciados, como a importância na geração de ocupações e o peso crescente da produção de origem animal. Dentre os pontos mais preocupantes, foi possível verificar o baixo nível de escolaridade dos produtores e um acesso muito limitado aos serviços de assistência técnica.
Educação remota emergencial e ensino a distância no Brasil a partir da pandemia
Authors: Martins Francisco José , Costa Silvio Luiz da , Ferraz Silveira Fogaça Fabiane , Kamimura Quesia Postigo Kamimura , De Mello Torres Jair Gustavo 
Published: October 2023

No ano de 2020, o Brasil e o mundo foram acometidos pela pandemia de covid-19, situação que levou ao estabelecimento do protocolo de distanciamento social pelas autoridades sanitárias. Todos os setores foram drasticamente atingidos, e o educacional, consequentemente, não ficou de fora. As aulas remotas e as tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação (TDICs) ficaram em evidência como única forma de cumprimento do protocolo de distanciamento imposto pela pandemia de covid-19 às instituições de ensino e escolas de todo o país. Este trabalho contextualiza a Educação Remota Emergencial (ERE) e aponta para a evidência da educação a distância (EaD) como possibilidade de acesso nos segmentos da educação, em especial o nível superior. O estudo objetiva refletir sobre os impactos da Educação Remota Emergencial na consolidação do uso das TDICs no ambiente educacional e na ampliação do acesso à educação superior no Brasil. Quanto aos objetivos gerais, a pesquisa pode ser classificada como exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa. Concernente à natureza, é uma pesquisa aplicada e referente aos procedimentos técnicos, como documental. Como resultados, obteve-se evidência de que a EaD no Brasil foi impulsionada pela Educação Remota Emergencial, amplamente utilizada em função das restrições do isolamento social em tempos de pandemia. Observou-se ainda que, para melhor democratização do ensino superior no país, há necessidade de investimentos em infraestrutura, visando a ampliação do acesso à rede de banda larga e a conteúdos educacionais em todos os níveis. Como conclusão, pode-se mencionar que a EaD contribui para a expansão do ensino superior. Porém, para uma efetiva democratização do acesso ao ensino em qualquer nível, são necessários profundos esforços de pesquisa, investimentos e atualização pedagógica.
fiscalização exercida pelo TCMSP
Authors: Fornazieri Lívio Mário 
Published: October 2023

A fiscalização da atuação do Poder público não é uma novidade dos Estados
Modernos, posto que historicamente, há regis­tros da existência de iniciativas de controle da Administração pública desde a Antiguidade. O Tribunal de Contas do Município, por meio de sua Subsecretaria de Fiscalização e Controle (SFC), realiza fiscalizações com vistas ao con­trole de legalidade das contratações públicas, incluindo o acompanhamento concomitante de editais de licitação e da execução de contra­tos, convênios e obras. Realiza auditorias para avaliar a correção das informações de natureza contábil, financeira, orçamentária e patrimonial, nos órgãos e entidades da Administração Direta e Indireta do Município, com vistas a subsidiar os julgamentos das contas anuais ou de atos de gestão dos responsáveis. Além disso, uma das grandes preocupações da SFC é a avaliação da qualidade do gasto público. Assim, a SFC realiza auditorias operacionais para verificar se o gasto público atende também os princípios da economicidade, eficiência e efetividade. As auditorias operacionais são consolidadas nos Relatórios de Função de Governo que compõem o Relatório Anual de Fiscalização do Executivo. Nós últi­mos sete anos, a SFC realizou mais de quatro mil fiscalizações com um montante total de mais de 125 bilhões de reais auditados e a atuação con­comitante à despesa evitou mais de 5,2 bilhões de gastos públicos. Outros benefícios advêm da própria expectativa do controle, da prevenção do desperdício e, especialmente, da melhoria de políticas públicas.
Molecular characterization, expression patterns and cellular localization of BCAS2 gene in male Hezuo pig
Authors: Tang Yuran , Zhang Bo , Shi Haixia , Yan Zunqiang , Wang Pengfei , Yang Qiaoli , Huang Xiaoyu , Gun Shuangbao 
Published: October 2023

Background
Breast carcinoma amplified sequence 2 (BCAS2) participates in pre-mRNA splicing and DNA damage response, which is implicated in spermatogenesis and meiosis initiation in mouse. Nevertheless, the physiological roles of BCAS2 in the testes of large mammals especially boars remain largely unknown.

Methods
In this study, testes were collected from Hezuo pig at three development stages including 30 days old (30 d), 120 days old (120 d), and 240 days old (240 d). BCAS2 CDS region was firstly cloned using RT-PCR method, and its molecular characteristics were identified using relevant bioinformatics software. Additionally, the expression patterns and cellular localization of BCAS2 were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.

Results
The cloning and sequence analysis indicated that the Hezuo pig BCAS2 CDS fragment encompassed 678 bp open reading frame (ORF) capable of encoding 225 amino acid residues, and possessed high identities with some other mammals. The results of qRT-PCR and Western blot displayed that BCAS2 levels both mRNA and protein were age-dependent increased (p < 0.01). Additionally, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results revealed that BCAS2 protein was mainly observed in nucleus of gonocytes at 30 d testes as well as nucleus of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells at 120 and 240 d testes. Accordingly, we conclude that BCAS2 is critical for testicular development and spermatogenesis of Hezuo pig, perhaps by regulating proliferation or differentiation of gonocytes, pre-mRNA splicing of spermatogonia and functional maintenance of Sertoli cells, but specific mechanism still requires be further investigated.
Evaluation and Treatment of Knee Pain
Authors: Duong Vicky , Oo Win Min , Ding Changhai , Culvenor Adam G. , Hunter David J. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceApproximately 5% of all primary care visits in adults are related to knee pain. Osteoarthritis (OA), patellofemoral pain, and meniscal tears are among the most common causes of knee pain.ObservationsKnee OA, affecting an estimated 654 million people worldwide, is the most likely diagnosis of knee pain in patients aged 45 years or older who present with activity-related knee joint pain with no or less than 30 minutes of morning stiffness (95% sensitivity; 69% specificity). Patellofemoral pain typically affects people younger than 40 years who are physically active and has a lifetime prevalence of approximately 25%. The presence of anterior knee pain during a squat is approximately 91% sensitive and 50% specific for patellofemoral pain. Meniscal tears affect an estimated 12% of the adult population and can occur following acute trauma (eg, twisting injury) in people younger than 40 years. Alternatively, a meniscal tear may be a degenerative condition present in patients with knee OA who are aged 40 years or older. The McMurray test, consisting of concurrent knee rotation (internal or external to test lateral or medial meniscus, respectively) and extension (61% sensitivity; 84% specificity), and joint line tenderness (83% sensitivity; 83% specificity) assist diagnosis of meniscal tears. Radiographic imaging of all patients with possible knee OA is not recommended. First-line management of OA comprises exercise therapy, weight loss (if overweight), education, and self-management programs to empower patients to better manage their condition. Surgical referral for knee joint replacement can be considered for patients with end-stage OA (ie, no or minimal joint space with inability to cope with pain) after using all appropriate conservative options. For patellofemoral pain, hip and knee strengthening exercises in combination with foot orthoses or patellar taping are recommended, with no indication for surgery. Conservative management (exercise therapy for 4-6 weeks) is also appropriate for most meniscal tears. For severe traumatic (eg, bucket-handle) tears, consisting of displaced meniscal tissue, surgery is likely required. For degenerative meniscal tears, exercise therapy is first-line treatment; surgery is not indicated even in the presence of mechanical symptoms (eg, locking, catching).Conclusions and RelevanceKnee OA, patellofemoral pain, and meniscal tears are common causes of knee pain, can be diagnosed clinically, and can be associated with significant disability. First-line treatment for each condition consists of conservative management, with a focus on exercise, education, and self-management.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Cycloaddition of Azobenzenes and Nonstabilized Azomethine Ylides to Access 1,2,4‐Triazolidines
Authors: Yang Jingya , Ma Wentong , Wang Shengyu , Li Jiangjiang , Zhou Hongyan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA visible‐light‐mediated cycloaddition of azobenzenes and nonstabilized azomethine ylides has been developed to access 1,2,4‐triazolidines. With readily available organic dye rose bengal as a photocatalyst and alkyl tertiary amines as precursors for azomethine ylides, the reaction proceeded smoothly under visible light irradiation at room temperature, affording various 4‐alkyl‐1,2‐diaryl‐1,2,4‐triazolidines with yields of up to 96%. Preliminarily mechanistic studies suggest that the nonstabilized azomethine ylides are formed in situ through photoredox catalysis.
Non‐native Intramolecular Radical Cyclization Catalyzed by a B12‐Dependent Enzyme**
Authors: Li Jianbin , Kumar Amardeep , Lewis Jared C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite the unique reactivity of vitamin B12 and its derivatives, B12‐dependent enzymes remain underutilized in biocatalysis. In this study, we repurposed the B12‐dependent transcription factor CarH to enable non‐native radical cyclization reactions. An engineered variant of this enzyme, CarH*, catalyzes the formation γ‐ and δ‐lactams through either redox‐neutral or reductive ring closure with marked enhancement of reactivity and selectivity relative to the free B12 cofactor. CarH* also catalyzes an unusual spirocyclization by dearomatization of pendant arenes to produce bicyclic 1,3‐diene products instead of 1,4‐dienes provided by existing methods. These results and associated mechanistic studies highlight the importance of protein scaffolds for controlling the reactivity of B12 and expanding the synthetic utility of B12‐dependent enzymes.
Modulating Coordination of Iron Atom Clusters on N,P,S Triply‐Doped Hollow Carbon Support towards Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Guo Xingmei , Shi Jing , Li Ming , Zhang Junhao , Zheng Xiangjun , Liu Yuanjun , Xi Baojuan , An Xuguang , Duan Zhongyao , Fan Qianqian , Gao Fei , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConstructing atom‐clusters (ACs) with in situ modulation of coordination environment and simultaneously hollowing carbon support are critical yet challenging for improving electrocatalytic efficiency of atomically dispersed catalysts (ADCs). Herein, a general diffusion‐controlled strategy based on spatial confining and Kirkendall effect is proposed to construct metallic ACs in N,P,S triply‐doped hollow carbon matrix (MACs/NPS−HC, M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu). Thereinto, FeACs/NPS−HC with the best catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is thoroughly investigated. Unlike the benchmark sample of symmetrical N‐surrounded iron single‐atoms in N‐doped carbon (FeSAs/N−C), FeACs/NPS−HC comprises bi‐/tri‐atomic Fe centers with engineered S/N coordination. Theoretical calculation reveals that proper Fe gathering and coordination modulation could mildly delocalize the electron distribution and optimize the free energy pathways of ORR. In addition, the triple doping and hollow structure of carbon matrix could further regulate the local environment and allow sufficient exposure of active sites, resulting in more enhanced ORR kinetics on FeACs/NPS−HC. The zinc‐air battery assembled with FeACs/NPS−HC as cathodic catalyst exhibits all‐round superiority to Pt/C and most Fe‐based ADCs. This work provides an exemplary method for establishing atomic‐cluster catalysts with engineered S‐dominated coordination and hollowed carbon matrix, which paves a new avenue for the fabrication and optimization of advanced ADCs.
Design of L‐asparaginasespacer Molecules Intercalated 2D Ti2C with Increased Interlayer Spacing towards High‐performance Sodium‐ions Storage
Authors: Zhang Dong‐Ting , Zhao Bei , Chen Hao , Yuan Zi‐Zhou , Chang Cheng‐Gong , Liu Mao‐Cheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMXenes are promising insertion‐type two‐dimensional (2D) anode materials for rechargeable sodium‐ions batteries owing to unique layered structure, tunable interlayer spacing, and abundant surface functional groups. However, MXenes suffer from inevitably self‐stacking and narrow interlayer spacing, leading to the limited utilization of layered structure and sluggish ions diffusion kinetics. Herein, the (L‐asparaginase) LAG molecules as intercalation spacers were intercalated into the interlayer of Ti2C by hydrogen‐bond interaction and electrostatic interaction to prepare the intercalated Ti2C by LAG molecules (named as LAG‐Ti2C). The LAG‐Ti2C not only avoids self‐stacking and broadens interlayer spacing to maximumly utilize the layered structure, but also buffers the volume expansion via the pillar effect of intercalated LAG molecules. Such LAG‐Ti2C could remarkably enhance the cycling stability and rate capability of Na+ ions storage. A decent specific capacity of 113.5 mAh g−1 and high capacity retention of ~98.7 % at 0.1 A g−1 after 1000 cycles can be presented. In addition, the LAG‐Ti2C//AC sodium‐ions capacitor (SIC) delivers a high energy density of 27.56 Wh kg−1 at power density of 3937.1 W kg−1. The work promotes the further development of layered MXenes and optimizes electrochemical performance of sodium‐ions storage via the strategy of intercalating spacers.
Persistent post‐COVID headache is associated with suppression of scale‐free functional brain dynamics in non‐hospitalized individuals
Authors: Churchill Nathan W. , Roudaia Eugenie , Jean Chen J. , Gilboa Asaf , Sekuler Allison , Ji Xiang , Gao Fuqiang , Lin Zhongmin , Masellis Mario , Goubran Maged , Rabin Jennifer S. , Lam Benjamin , Cheng Ivy , Fowler Robert , Heyn Chris , Black Sandra E. , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Graham Simon J. , Schweizer Tom A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionPost‐acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) syndrome (PACS) is a growing concern, with headache being a particularly debilitating symptom with high prevalence. The long‐term effects of COVID‐19 and post‐COVID headache on brain function remain poorly understood, particularly among non‐hospitalized individuals. This study focused on the power‐law scaling behavior of functional brain dynamics, indexed by the Hurst exponent (H). This measure is suppressed during physiological and psychological distress and was thus hypothesized to be reduced in individuals with post‐COVID syndrome, with greatest reductions among those with persistent headache.MethodsResting‐state blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected for 57 individuals who had COVID‐19 (32 with no headache, 14 with ongoing headache, 11 recovered) and 17 controls who had cold and flu‐like symptoms but tested negative for COVID‐19. Individuals were assessed an average of 4–5 months after COVID testing, in a cross‐sectional, observational study design.ResultsNo significant differences in H values were found between non‐headache COVID‐19 and control groups., while those with ongoing headache had significantly reduced H values, and those who had recovered from headache had elevated H values, relative to non‐headache groups. Effects were greatest in temporal, sensorimotor, and insular brain regions. Reduced H in these regions was also associated with decreased BOLD activity and local functional connectivity.ConclusionsThese findings provide new insights into the neurophysiological mechanisms that underlie persistent post‐COVID headache, with reduced BOLD scaling as a potential biomarker that is specific to this debilitating condition.
Strategizing green destination image through social media functionality: A study of the tourism industry
Authors: Khatoon Najma , Choudhary Farah 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study validates and confirms the multidimensionality of social media functionality in the tourism industry. It also examines the impact of social media functionality on green destination image. Non‐probability convenience sampling technique has been used to collect the data from 550 visitors using a 5‐point Likert scale questionnaire, from the tourists visiting various destinations of Ladakh, India. Results revealed a significant impact of social media functionality on green destination image. The scale of social media functionality was also tested with special reference to the tourism industry. The outcomes of the study deliver insightful outcomes related to the role of social media functionality in developing and maintaining destination image with social media‐based marketing.
Anthocyanins of Hierbamora (Solanum nigrescens): Revealing their Nutraceutical Potential for Controlling Hypertriglyceridemia and Helicobacter pylori Viability
Authors: Pacheco‐Hernández Yesenia , Lozoya‐Gloria Edmundo , Cruz‐Durán Ramiro , Villa‐Ruano Nemesio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe present the inhibitory properties of the Solanum nigrescens anthocyanin fraction (SNAF) and its major constituents on alpha‐glucosidase (AG), pancreatic lipase (PL), HMG‐CoA reductase, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). The effect of SNAF was simultaneously evaluated in ICR male mice exposed to triglyceride charge test (TCT). HPLC‐MS profiling revealed the presence cyanidin‐3‐O‐rutinoside‐5‐glucoside (CRG), delphinidin‐3‐(p‐coumaroyl)‐rutinoside‐5‐glucoside (DCRG), and petunidin‐3‐(cis‐p‐coumaroyl)‐rutinoside‐5‐glucoside (PCRG) as major constituents of the fraction. SNAF, CRG, and specially PCRG, induced strong non‐competitive inhibition on PL (IC50, 33–86 μg mL−1). The results of TCT confirmed their capacity to ameliorate (p <0.001) hypertriglyceridemia during postprandial and interdigestive stages. SNAF, CRG, DCRG, and PCRG caused negligible growth inhibition (MIC>600 μg mL−1) on beneficial bacteria whereas SNAF and DCRG exerted inhibitory activity on Helicobacter pylori ATCC 53504 (MIC,187‐64 μg mL−1). Additional exploration revealed that SNAF and DCRG produced non‐competitive activity on H. pylori urease, which facilitates bacterial growth under acidic conditions.
Distal radius chondrosarcoma in a 35‐year‐old female patient: A case report
Authors: Sahito Badaruddin , Shah Hussain Haider , Zehra Syeda Alishah , Saquib Javeria , Ahmed Farea , Hussain Muhammad Sheheryar , Dave Tirth 
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical MessageChondrosarcoma, although rare in the distal radius, poses significant challenges. Early diagnosis through incisional biopsy is essential. Surgical resection with margin control and fibular grafting can be effective, but vigilant surveillance is crucial due to its aggressive nature. Metastasis demands consideration of additional interventions or palliative care.AbstractChondrosarcomas constitute a rarity in the upper limbs, and their occurrence in the distal radius is even rarer with only one case previously documented. We report a case of distal radius chondrosarcoma in a 35‐year‐old female patient who presented with pain and swelling in her left wrist. Following an initial examination, an incisional biopsy was performed, confirming the diagnosis of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. The patient underwent a marginal resection of the distal radius and first carpal with ipsilateral fibular and locking compression plate fixation. Unfortunately, despite the interventions, the patient experienced recurrent swelling and ultimately required below‐elbow amputation, followed by above elbow amputation due to metastasis. Unfortunately, the patient passed away due to recurrence and metastasis.
A hybrid energy harvesting framework and graphene‐based supercapacitor for 6G and smart grid networks
Authors: Narayanan Vinothini , Govindasamy Ananthi 
Published: October 2023

SummaryThis paper proposes a novel hybrid energy harvesting framework integrated with a graphene‐based supercapacitor to address the energy demands of 6G communication systems and smart grid networks. To ensure consistent power generation, the proposed framework combines diverse energy harvesting mechanisms, including acoustic, vibration, and radio frequency (RF) energy sources. These harvested energies are then efficiently managed and stored in a proposed graphene‐based supercapacitor compared with existing Li‐ion batteries, due to its high energy density and rapid charge‐discharge capabilities. Smart grids and 6G networks can utilize the energy that hybrid systems harvest. This paper examines the analysis of RF energy extracted from various antenna configurations. In the acoustic energy harvesting system, energy extraction has been achieved by subjecting it to acoustic pressure and impedance. Notably, the inclusion of acoustic impedance has resulted in a greater amount of harvested energy. The vibration energy harvesting analysis with angular frequencies under various force conditions is employed. The magnitude of force applied to the harvesting system significantly influences the efficiency of the harvested energy. The three‐dimensional structure and voltage levels of the graphene‐based supercapacitor have been examined for various electrodes. For maximizing the harvested hybrid energy, convex optimization is formulated due to its ability to efficiently navigate complex design spaces while ensuring reliable and globally optimal solutions. CVX tool in MATLAB is used for validation. The results improve the energy harvesting efficiency and enhance the power availability of all the harvesting sources. Furthermore, the compatibility of the proposed framework with existing network infrastructure highlights its potential for seamless integration into real‐world communication and energy distribution systems.