bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LOCKED IN SUFFERING: UNLOCKING HOPE AND IMPROVING CARE FOR ELDER INMATES: A CALL FOR ACTION
Authors: Kheirbek Raya , Latham-Mintus Kenzie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Our program will focus on several key areas, including care for hospitalized inmates, the importance of providing comprehensive care for all prisoners as mandated by 8th amendment, and the importance of identifying inmates facing end of life who would benefit from compassionate release. We will begin with a discussion on the challenges faced by elder inmates and address their unique physical, psychosocial and spiritual needs. With a growing population of aging prisoners, it is critical that we examine the healthcare and social services required to ensure that they receive adequate care. Next, we will explore the differences in healthcare provision for inmates versus non-inmates who are hospitalized. The presentation will examine the acute exacerbation of chronic disease, ethical considerations and legal requirements involved in providing care to both populations. We will also discuss the importance of interdisciplinary care for incarcerated individuals, which requires collaboration among medical providers, mental health professionals, social workers, chaplains and other specialists. Our panel of experts will share their experiences and provide insights on how this approach can improve health outcomes and reduce recidivism rates after release . Finally, we will hear from advocates who are working to ensure that all prisoners receive adequate healthcare and social services, They will share strategies for improving access to care, reducing health disparities, and addressing the unique needs of incarcerated elders Our symposium provides a unique opportunity to explore and share insights on how we can work together to improve the health and wellbeing of incarcerated individuals.
COMPASSIONATE RELEASE OF DYING INMATES: A STEP TOWARD SOCIAL JUSTICE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
Authors: Lutz Gabriel , Yang Yulin , Kheirbek Raya 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Mr. John is a 60-year-old incarcerated male with advanced stage IV lung cancer that had metastasized. He was admitted to the hospital with significant pain and failure to thrive. Several lines of chemotherapy failed him, and he desired to be at home with his family as he approached the end of life. Unfortunately, he was unable to leave the hospital except to be back to prison. He was continually shackled to bed with 2 police officers in his room. The case highlights the need to advocate for compassionate release, that allows for the early release of terminally ill inmates who are not a danger to society, and offers tools and steps to help release hospitalized inmates to the care of their families. To obtain compassionate release, the first step is to identify eligible inmates with a terminal illness and a life expectancy of less than six months, which must be confirmed by a medical evaluation. The second step involves filing a petition for compassionate release with the appropriate authority, including medical records, a statement from the treating physician, and a plan for the inmate’s release and care in the community. The third step entails advocating for the inmate’s release, which may involve working with advocacy groups, contacting elected officials, and raising public awareness. By granting compassionate release to dying inmates, we can provide them with the opportunity to die with dignity and spend their final moments with their loved ones, which is a fundamental aspect of social justice.
ASSET-BASED COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FOR DEMENTIA-FRIENDLY COMMUNITIES (ABCD FOR DFC): A PILOT PROJECT IN HONG KONG
Authors: Chui Cheryl , Lu Shiyu , Chan On Fung , Lum Terry 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
There is little understanding about how a dementia-friendly community can be constructed in East Asian societies, particularly in geographically remote areas characterized with majority older adult residents and limited external support. A pilot project using an asset-based community development (ABCD) approach in constructing a dementia-friendly community in Hong Kong was implemented. Informed by the theoretical tenets of ABCD, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of this pilot project in enabling older adult residents and other community stakeholders to better respond to challenges resulting from growing prevalence of dementia. Multiple stakeholder interviews were conducted with older adult residents, church leaders, district councillors, and social workers. Participants were asked to share the strengths and challenges of this ABCD pilot project in building a dementia-friendly community. Data generated from interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four key preliminary themes were identified, including on the individual level: enhanced dementia literacy, and enacted proactive behaviour; and on the community level: strengthened bridging social capital, and improved community caring capacity. Uncertain long-term financial and professional support posed challenges to participants. Nevertheless, findings underscore the importance of departing from traditional service delivery models, to one that infuses ABCD approaches in constructing a dementia-friendly community. Mobilising existing human and social capital in the community, and embedding older adults in co-creating solutions are key to improve dementia-related interventions. We contribute to ongoing theoretical and practice discussions on the intersections between population aging and employing community-based solutions to create a more dementia-friendly society.
CHANGES IN D3CR MUSCLE MASS, WALKING SPEED, GRIP STRENGTH, AND CHAIR STANDS PERFORMANCE IN THE OLDEST OLD MEN
Authors: Cawthon Peggy , Lui Li-Yung , Hetherington-Rauth Megan , Ensrud Kristine , Cauley Jane , Santanasto Adam , Evans William , Orwoll Eric 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
One tenet in sarcopenia research is that strength is lost substantially more quickly than muscle mass with age. This assertion is mostly supported by data that uses indirect proxies for muscle mass, such as lean mass from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We posit that changes in direct estimates of muscle mass, such as muscle mass determined by d3-creatine dilution (D3Cr muscle mass), will be similar in magnitude to changes in strength and physical performance. In men who completed the Year 14 and Year 20 visits (N=220, Year 14 mean age: 82.9 yrs) of the MrOS study, we measured change in D3Cr muscle mass (kg), walking speed (m/s), grip strength (kg), and five repeat chair stand performance (stands/10 seconds). Over an average of 6.1 years of follow-up, men had extensive declines in D3Cr muscle mass (-3.29 kg, -12.8%), grip strength (-5.4 kg,-15.1%), walking speed (-0.23 m/s, -17.8%), and chair stands performance (-1.0 stands/10 seconds,-9.0%). Annualized percent change was of similar magnitude for D3Cr muscle mass (-2.2 %/year), grip strength (-2.5 %/year), walking speed (-2.9%/yr); with slightly lesser decline in chair stands performance (-1.5%/year). Change in D3Cr muscle mass was correlated with change in grip strength (r=0.22, p&lt;.05) but not with change in walking speed or chair stand performance. Our finding that changes in muscle mass and strength were of similar magnitude and intercorrelated suggest that muscle mass itself has a more important role in loss of strength with age than has been previously considered, at least in the oldest-old men.
HOUSING AND HOME MODIFICATION FOR AGING IN PLACE: PERSPECTIVES, PROGRESS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Authors: Pynoos Jon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Aging in place remains a high priority of older adults. However, the home environments in which they reside often have hazards and lack supportive features, putting them at risk of falls and making it difficult to carry out daily activities. People who need home modifications the most (i.e., vulnerable populations) are the least likely to have them. In response to the needs of the growing population of older adults, there has been notable progress in the field. Now, with an increasing recognition of the impact of housing on health, there are new opportunities to move the field forward. Highlighting Powell Lawton’s contributions as a foundation, this lecture will: 1) review major developments in research, service delivery, policy, and consumer education, and 2) discuss recommendations for action that practitioners, researchers, policymakers, and advocates could undertake to realize Lawton’s vision of home environments that support aging for all.
DIFFERENCE IN TIME SPENT CAREGIVING BETWEEN CAREGIVERS OF IMMIGRANT AND NONIMMIGRANT OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Suntai Zainab , Okine Joana 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Each year, the number of informal caregivers in the United States continues to rise, in conjunction with the increasing aging population. Concurrently, the number of immigrants in the United States had progressively increased over the past few decades, leading to an intersection of three pivotal issues: caregiving, aging, and immigration. While there are several studies targeting caregiving in the United States, fewer studies have aimed to understand the experiences of caregivers of older immigrants. This study examined differences in time spent caregiving between caregivers of older immigrants compared to caregivers of older non-immigrants. Data were taken from Round 11 (2022) of the National Study of Caregiving, a nationally representative study of informal caregivers caring for an older adult with functional limitations. Chi-square tests were used to test bivariate associations, and a multivariate logistic regression model was run to determine the relationship between and older adult’s immigration status and time spent caregiving by their caregiver. Results showed that caregivers of older immigrants were significantly more likely to report that they provided care every day, compared to caregivers of non-immigrants. These results point to potential cultural implications for immigrant families, who are generally less likely to use formal caregiving avenues such as nursing homes, and less likely to use additional services such as home health aides. Implications for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners are discussed.
DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF ADULT CHILDREN’S HEALTH PROBLEMS ON PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CAREGIVING FOR PARENTS
Authors: Stepniak Catherine , Suitor J Jill , Gilligan Megan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Adult children often serve as primary and secondary caregivers to their aging parents as they face greater needs for assistance. However, it could be expected that the flow of caregiving support from adult children to parents might be disrupted if adult children are facing their own serious health challenges. Surprisingly, the literature provides no clear picture of the way in which children’s health moderates their provision of care to older parents. In the present study, we shed new light on this question using quantitative and qualitative data collected from 156 mothers ages 75-85 regarding assistance provided by their 586 adult children as part of the Within-Family Differences Study. Additionally, we will explore if there are differences based on timing of the children’s health problems, the types of health problems (physical health vs. psychological health), and gender of the adult children. Quantitative analyses showed that adult children with serious health problems were just as likely as their healthy siblings to be a primary or secondary caregiver to their mothers. Qualitative data revealed the complex emotional and practical cost-benefit analyses mothers and their adult children with health problems engaged in to maintain reciprocal support exchanges. Our findings underscore the importance of using mixed-method approaches to understand the ways in which the provision of care to parents is shaped by adult children’s own health status.
ASSOCIATION OF ASSISTED LIVING HOMES PREPAREDNESS FOR AND RESPONSES TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC WITH RESIDENT PAIN
Authors: Shrestha Shovana , Maxwell Colleen , Dampf Hana , Devkota Rashmi , Hoben Matthias 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted care processes in assisted living (AL) and negatively affected resident outcomes associated with resident pain (e.g., mobility problems, depression). Pain has severe consequences, including hopelessness, insomnia, depression, poor quality of life. However, we lack research on how the pandemic affected AL resident pain. To address this gap, we linked surveys from 42 AL homes in Alberta, reflecting pandemic waves 1 (Mar-Jul 2020) and 2 (Nov 2020-Feb 2021), to the Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI) records of 1,828 residents (wave 1: 890, wave 2: 938) who lived in these homes during these periods. Using generalized estimating equation models, we assessed whether resident characteristics, physical and occupational therapy received, home preparedness for and responses to the pandemic were associated with resident pain (measured as at least moderate daily pain or pain of excruciating intensity, based on the RAI pain items). Over 19% of the residents reported pain (wave 1: 19%, wave 2: 19.1%). Resident characteristics associated with pain were cognitive impairment (OR=0.4, 95% CI: 0.3-0.6), loneliness (OR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.3-2.6), arthritis (OR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.6-2.8), fractures (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.4-2.9), polypharmacy (OR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.3-2.6) and use of analgesics (OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.3-2.3). Home preparedness and physical and occupational therapy received were not associated with pain, but more communication with family/friend caregivers (OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.2-0.8) was. Effective communication of family/friends with residents may promote better management of residents’ pain. Further, longitudinal studies examining resident and AL home characteristics and its impact on residents’ pain are needed.
THE NEXUS OF AGING AND MIGRATION: THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE AND WHERE GERONTOLOGICAL INQUIRIES OUGHT TO HEAD
Authors: Torres Sandra , Hunter Alistair , Glicksman Allen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Research on older ethno-racialized minorities (which comes primarily from North America) has dominated ethno-gerontological debates over the past few decades. In this research, ethnicity and race have been primarily viewed as social positions that place older people at risk of social exclusion. Migrancy, however, has yet to receive adequate attention from social gerontologists, despite the centrality of migration and aging for demographic change globally in recent decades. When migrancy is considered by gerontologists, it is not uncommon for us to think of the vulnerability trope. The highly-charged political debates in which the social exclusion and deservingness of migrant populations have been at stake have undoubtedly contributed to this state of affairs. From the field of migration studies, some have argued that the nexus of aging and migration offers new lenses from which the intersections of ethnicity, race, migrancy and old age can be approached. This symposium brings together contributors to an international network that has been working to survey the current state of knowledge at the aging-migration nexus and where future research ought to head. This symposium will argue that the study of older migrants has far-reaching implications for the economy, public policy, societal cohesion and individual wellbeing, and that – as such – this is a theoretically-profuse angle of investigation for social gerontology.
SOCIAL RELATIONS AND OLDER MIGRANTS
Authors: Ajrouch Kristine , Antonucci Toni , Hu Rita 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper elaborates on how the key life course tenets of timing and context represent important factors that influence older adult social relations following the act of migration. The timing of migration may yield specific social relations. For instance, migrating later in life is likely to result in more homogenous and restricted networks compared to migrating as a young adult. Reasons for migration (political instability, family reunification, or socio-economic aspirations) as well as host country factors such as immigrant policies and receptivity infer important contexts in which social relations emerge. The process of movement from one country to another, and the circumstances around those movements, frame the migrant experience and its effects on social relations. Beyond timing and context, there are also demographic and cultural factors that influence the experience. For instance, gender, race and SES indicate social positions in systems of stratification that can influence and structure the people with whom one has ties. Further, cultural factors such as country of origin and language not only signal the ease with which host society incorporation occurs, but also inform the acculturation and meaning-making processes upon which the formation and function of social relations rest. In sum, the concepts found in the life course perspective provide a useful starting point to demonstrate that the effects of migration on older adults’ social relations occur within various influential contexts.
RESULTS FROM A PILOT TRIAL COMPARING MODES OF MEAL DELIVERY TO HOMEBOUND OLDER ADULTS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Thomas Kali , Bunker Jennifer , McCreedy Ellen , Hilgeman Michelle , Gabois Emily , Gutman Roee 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Home-delivered meals promote independence among homebound older adults. However, it is unclear which mode of meal delivery delays nursing home placement among homebound older adults with dementia. We conducted a pilot multisite, two-arm, pragmatic clinical trial in May 2021-May 2022 in which participants with dementia were randomized to receive either: 1) a lunch-time meal delivered 5 times per week or 2) 10 frozen meals that were mailed to participants every two weeks. We used the Minimum Data Set to examine time from randomization to nursing home placement (primary outcome). Our analytic sample included 225 individuals with self-reported dementia on waiting lists at three Meals on Wheels programs in Florida and Texas. 121 participants were randomized to daily-delivered meals and 104 to frozen, drop-shipped meals. At 6 months from randomization, 9(7%) who received daily-delivered meals were admitted to a nursing home, compared to 15(14%) who received frozen, drop-shipped meals p-value=0.14,95%CI(-0.02,0.16). The adjusted log hazard ratio of nursing home placement was -0.65(SE=0.42)p-value=0.12). While this pilot was not adequately powered to detect statistically significant differences between arms, results suggest that even with social distancing requirements and a reduction in the number of deliveries because of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a trend toward lower nursing home placement among participants with dementia who received daily-delivered meals compared to frozen, drop-shipped meals.
ORAL HEALTH EQUITY, BELIEFS, PRACTICES, PERCEPTIONS AMONG OLDER DETROIT RESIDENTS
Authors: Luborsky Mark , Osika Jocie , Shay Kimberly , Shilbayeh Mariam , Simoni Anisa Anisa , Ziglor Candace , Byrappagari Divesh , Jones Judith 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Oral health disparities are widespread among older and disadvantaged Detroit residents. While preventable, poor oral health is strongly associated with adverse health and social outcomes and increased risk of cognitive impairments. To address limitations in access and knowledge among older Detroit persons, the University of Detroit Mercy Oral Health Equity project is providing free drop-in clinics offering screenings and basic care at multiple local community centers. However, we need person-centered knowledge about the reasons for an individual’s current oral health status and to inform strategies to increase service uptake. We conducted interviews with attendees onsite after their services to learn oral health perceptions, wants, and practices. Findings are reported from a sample, n=62, of predominantly African American, median age 81, female 69%, 50% over two years without a dental visit, and 61% fair to poor self-reported oral health. Analyses used topic, theme, pattern, and critical case content analytic methods. Constructs comprising four key domains were identified: (a) Oral health care exists at the intersection of forces featuring societal, political, historical, local urban place, and economic dimensions beyond individual-level health and behaviors; (b) lifespan pathways into current oral health and care practices, including wishes for future oral health status; (c) barriers and resources to oral health care access and practices; and (d) personal knowledge gaps regarding signs and mechanisms of oral health. Discussion will focus on strategies to reduce disparities and increase utilization, community and person-level knowledge gaps, and training dental students to engage older disadvantaged persons effectively.
EFFECTS OF SELF-PERCEPTIONS OF AGING ON COGNITIVE HEALTH: MEDIATING ROLE OF SOCIAL ISOLATION AND LONELINESS
Authors: Hu Rita , Li Lydia , Antonucci Toni , Dunkle Ruth , Smith Jacqui , Crampton Alexandra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cognitive decline is one of the most common age-related stereotypes. The stereotype embodiment theory suggests that negative age stereotypes can be internalized through socialization and become negative self-perceptions of aging (SPA). However, the potential mediating role social relationships play between SPA and cognitive health remains unclear. Using three-wave data spanning eight years (2008/2010 – 2016/2018) from the Health and Retirement Study, this study aims to examine (1) SPA’s long-term effects on changes in cognitive health; and (2) the mediating role of social isolation and loneliness (N = 3,569, Mage = 72.30). SPA was measured by an 8-item scale. Cognitive health was measured by immediate and delayed word list recall. Social isolation was measured using network size, network diversity, frequency of contact with networks, and frequency of social participation. Loneliness was measured using the 11-item UCLA Loneliness scale. We controlled for baseline measures of the dependent variables and health-related and sociodemographic covariates. We found that negative SPA at baseline was associated with memory decline eight years later (b = -0.03, SE = 0.02, p &lt; 0.05). The path analysis revealed that social isolation and loneliness were mediators between SPA and cognitive health, with social isolation accounting for 15% and loneliness accounting for another 32% of the total effects. The results suggest that social isolation and loneliness are pathways by which SPA exerts adverse effects on memory among older adults. Negative SPA should be a target for intervention. In addition, social relationship building could alleviate the impact of SPA on cognitive health.