bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infektionsprävention & Hygiene bei Tuberkulose – Empfehlungen des DZK
Authors: Witte Peter , Arvand Mardjan , Barth Stefanie , Diel Roland , Friesen Inna , Gastmeier Petra , Häcker Brit , Hauer Barbara , Kuhns Martin , Nienhaus Albert , Otto-Knapp Ralf , Richter Elvira , Wischnewski Nicoletta , Ziegler Renate , Bauer Torsten 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Vermeidung der Weiterverbreitung der Erkrankung ist ein wesentliches Ziel in der Betreuung und Behandlung von Tuberkulose. Für die Infektionsprävention von besonderer Bedeutung sind neben der frühzeitigen Diagnose und effektiven Therapien eine Isolierung ansteckungsfähiger Patientinnen und Patienten und adäquate Hygienemaßnahmen. Die vorliegenden Empfehlungen ersetzen die bisherigen Empfehlungen „Infektionsprävention bei Tuberkulose“ aus dem Jahre 2012 und berücksichtigen die aktuellen nationalen und internationalen Empfehlungen und neue wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse. Nach einer Beschreibung der Infektion und der Übertragungswege werden die notwendigen Präventions- und Hygienemaßnahmen in Gesundheitseinrichtungen umfangreich dargestellt. Seit der letzten Überarbeitung der Empfehlungen zur Infektionsprävention wurden internationale Empfehlungen und die KRINKO-Empfehlung zur Beendigung der Isolierung geändert. In Übereinstimmung hiermit kann unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen bei sensibler Tuberkulose eine Entisolierung in Gesundheitseinrichtungen nach 14 Tagen ohne Berücksichtigung der Sputumbefunde erfolgen. Im zweiten Teil der Empfehlungen werden ausführlich die Maßnahmen in speziellen Situationen und Bereichen, wie Arztpraxen, Krankentransport und Pflegeeinrichtungen, erläutert. Hier wurden die Empfehlungen zum Atemschutz vereinfacht, für Personal wird eine FFP2-Maske nun generell als ausreichend erachtet.
Synthesis of 2-Aminopyridine-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
Authors: Rozners Eriks , Kumpina Ilze , Baskevics Vladislavs , Walby Grant D. , Tessier Brandon R. , Saei Sara Farshineh , Ryan Christopher A. , MacKay James A. , Katkevics Martins 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTriplex-forming peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) require chemical modifications for efficient sequence-specific recognition of DNA and RNA at physiological pH. Our research groups have developed 2-aminopyridine (M) as an effective mimic of protonated cytosine in C+•G-C triplets. M-modified PNAs have a high binding affinity and sequence specificity as well as promising biological properties for improving PNA applications. This communication reports the optimization of synthetic procedures that give PNA M monomer in seven steps, with minimal need for column chromatography and in good yields and high purity. The optimized route uses inexpensive reagents and easily performed reactions, which will be useful for the broad community of nucleic acid chemists. Thought has also been given to the potential for future development of industrial syntheses of M monomers.
Efficient Protosilylation of Unsaturated Compounds with Silylboronates over a Heterogeneous Cu3N Nanocube Catalyst
Authors: Mizugaki Tomoo , Xu Hang , Yamaguchi Sho , Mitsudome Takato 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCopper-catalyzed protosilylation of unsaturated compounds with silylboronates has attracted attention for the production of organosilanes; however, the use of organic ligands or bases is unavoidable. Herein, we report a heterogeneous catalytic system for the protosilylation of unsaturated compounds with silylboronates under mild and additive-free conditions over copper nitride nanocubes (Cu3N NCs). This method can be applied to various substrates (e.g., alkynes, alkenes, or imines) to afford the corresponding organosilicon compounds. The Cu3N NC catalyst can be easily recovered and reused several times. Thus, the active and reusable Cu3N NC catalyst offers a green and sustainable method for efficient organosilane production.
Enoxaparin for Long-Term Therapy of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer and Renal Insufficiency
Authors: Sigüenza Patricia , López-Núñez Juan J. , Falgá Conxita , Gómez-Cuervo Covadonga , Riera-Mestre Antoni , Gil-Díaz Aída , Verhamme Peter , Montenegro Ana Cristina , Barbagelata Cristina , Imbalzano Egidio , Monreal Manuel ,   the RIETE Investigators
Published: October 2023

Background The optimal therapy of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients with renal insufficiency (RI) is unknown. Current guidelines recommend to use low-molecular-weight heparin over direct oral anticoagulants to treat VTE in cancer patients at high risk of bleeding.
Methods We used the Registro Informatizado Enfermedad Tromboemb00F3lica (RIETE) registry to compare the 6-month incidence rates of (1) VTE recurrences versus major bleeding and (2) fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) versus fatal bleeding in three subgroups (those with mild, moderate, or severe RI) of cancer patients receiving enoxaparin monotherapy.
Results From January 2009 through June 2022, 2,844 patients with RI received enoxaparin for ≥6 months: 1,432 (50%) had mild RI, 1,168 (41%) moderate RI, and 244 (8.6%) had severe RI. Overall, 68, 62, and 12%, respectively, received the recommended doses. Among patients with mild RI, the rates of VTE recurrences versus major bleeding (4.6 vs. 5.4%) and fatal PE versus fatal bleeding (1.3 vs. 1.2%) were similar. Among patients with moderate RI, VTE recurrences were half as common as major bleeding (3.1 vs. 6.3%), but fatal PE and fatal bleeding were close (1.8 vs. 1.2%). Among patients with severe RI, VTE recurrences were threefold less common than major bleeding (4.1 vs. 13%), but fatal PE was threefold more frequent than fatal bleeding (2.5 vs. 0.8%). During the first 10 days, fatal PE was fivefold more common than fatal bleeding (2.1 vs. 0.4%).
Conclusion Among cancer patients with severe RI, fatal PE was fivefold more common than fatal bleeding. The recommended doses of enoxaparin in these patients should be revisited.
Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber Syndrome—Case Report: Diagnostic Role of Fetal Autopsy and Histopathology
Authors: Sharma Poornima , Kushwaha Shreya Singh , Dasgupta Suchandana , Bachani Sumitra 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate a case of Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber Syndrome (KTWS) diagnosed at 15 weeks of gestation.
Materials and Methods A 30-year-old G4P1L1A2 at 15 weeks gestation was detected with abnormal fetal right lower limb thickness and hypervascularity in both thighs. Multiseptated hypoechoic areas were detected involving skin and subcutaneous tissue of the left shoulder region, axilla, chest wall, and lower back region posteriorly extending into both lower limbs associated with cortical thickening of long bones of the lower limb. Significant subcutaneous thickening was present in the right foot along with a slow flow vascular malformation. The couple did not opt for any prenatal testing and continued the pregnancy.
Results The patient received routine antenatal care and at 27 weeks of gestation there was polyhydramnios with fetal demise. She delivered a macerated stillborn baby girl weighing 2.5 kg (>99th centile). Consent was obtained for external autopsy, fetal photographs, and tissue biopsy. The fetus was grossly macerated. The skin was hypertrophied and subcutaneous tissue along with bluish discoloration was present over the affected areas. Histopathology of fetal thigh tissue was suggestive of arteriovenous malformation compatible with a diagnosis of KTWS.
Conclusions KTWS has unique sonographic features. Confirmation can be done by clinical exome sequencing of amniotic fluid or fetal tissue.
Evaluation of the Rotational Stability of Directional Deep Brain Stimulation Leads: A Case Series and Systematic Review
Authors: Cavalloni Fabian , Brugger Florian , Kägi Georg , Naseri Yashar , Brogle Deborah , Bozinov Oliver , Bauer Ronald , Hägele-Link Stefan , Krüger Marie Therese 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background The rotational stability of directional deep brain stimulation leads is a major prerequisite for sustained clinical effects. Data on directional lead stability are limited and controversial.
Methods We aimed to evaluate the long-term rotational stability of directional leads and define confounding factors in our own population and the current literature. We retrospectively evaluated the orientation of directional leads in patients with available postoperative computed tomography (CT; T1; day of surgery) and an additional postoperative image (T2; CT or rotational fluoroscopy) performed more than 7 days after the initial scan. The potential impact of intracranial air was assessed. We also reviewed the literature to define factors impacting stability.
Results Thirty-six leads were evaluated. The mean follow-up between T1 and T2 was 413.3 (7–1,171) days. The difference in rotation between T1 and T2 was 2.444 ± 2.554 degrees (range: 0–9.0 degrees). The volume of intracranial air did not impact the rotation. The literature search identified one factor impacting the stability of directional leads, which is the amount of twist applied at implantation.
Conclusion Directional leads for deep brain stimulation show stable long-term orientation after implantation. Based on our literature review, large amounts of twist during implantation can lead to delayed rotation and should thus be avoided.
Electroencephalography as a Biomarker of Prognosis in Acute Brain Injury
Authors: Rubinos Clio , Bruzzone Maria Jose , Viswanathan Vyas , Figueredo Lorena , Maciel Carolina B. , LaRoche Suzette 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElectroencephalography (EEG) is a noninvasive tool that allows the monitoring of cerebral brain function in critically ill patients, aiding with diagnosis, management, and prognostication. Specific EEG features have shown utility in the prediction of outcomes in critically ill patients with status epilepticus, acute brain injury (ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury), anoxic brain injury, and toxic-metabolic encephalopathy. Studies have also found an association between particular EEG patterns and long-term functional and cognitive outcomes as well as prediction of recovery of consciousness following acute brain injury. This review summarizes these findings and demonstrates the value of utilizing EEG findings in the determination of prognosis.
A Study to Evaluate the Prevalence of Golden Percentage and Recurring Esthetic Dental Proportion among Young Individuals in Dakshina Kannada
Authors: Verma Ayush , Prasad D Krishna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study was conducted with the aim of identifying the prevalence of recurring esthetic dental (RED) proportion and golden percentage among young individuals in Dakshina Kannada district. The study was conducted by analyzing digital photographs of 100 subjects on Adobe. The measurements were made using a digital ruler. After the measurements were completed, the data collected were statistically analyzed to determine the prevalence of either of the proportions. The result suggested the prevalence of RED proportion being significantly more (72.2%) than golden percentage (27.8%) among the young individuals of Dakshina Kannada population. Based on gender-wise distribution, golden percentage was more prevalent among females, whereas RED proportion was more prevalent among males. Within the scope and limitations of this study, it is suggested to use of RED proportion to design a harmonious smile.
The impact of mutual recognition of geographical indications on the quality upgrading of China’s agricultural exports
Authors: Qian Weiwen , Dong Yinguo , Liu Yuchen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractImproving the quality of agricultural exports and increasing value–added trade is crucial for shaping new competitive advantages of agricultural exports, building a strong trading nation and achieving high–quality agricultural development. This study constructed a multi–time point difference–in–differences model to empirically test the effect and mechanism of the mutual recognition of geographical indications (GIs) between China and the European Union (EU) on the quality upgrading of China’s exported agricultural products from 2000 to 2016 based on theoretical analysis of the effect mechanism of GIs on agricultural product exports. The study determined that mutual GI recognition between China and the EU has effectively improved the quality of agricultural exports, with a greater effect on upgrading the quality of products from countries with high GIs endowment, quality frontier and large and medium–sized enterprises and labour–intensive products. The mechanism analysis revealed that mutual GI recognition between China and the EU can improve the quality of agricultural exports through specialisation agglomeration and cost-saving effects on the supply side and domestic demand upgrading and product recognition effects on the demand side. This study has important implications for further enriching quality improvement theory regarding agricultural products and presents a new approach for enhancing the quality improvement path of exported agricultural products that lack supply–side resources.
Evaluation of Physicochemical Property Data in the ECHA Database
Authors: Glüge Juliane , Scheringer Martin 
Published: October 2023

The database of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) is one of the most important databases that contains physicochemical properties, also because these data are used for the regulation of chemicals in the European Economic Area. The present study investigates the availability and quality of the data in the ECHA database for the logarithmic octanol–water partition coefficient (log10 KOW), solubility in water (SW), vapor pressure (pV), air–water partition coefficient, boiling point (Tb), second-order rate constant for the degradation with OH radicals, and the soil adsorption coefficient. For the evaluation of the data, calculations were run with COSMOtherm for the majority of the mono-constituent, neutral organic substances that are fully registered under the EU Regulation on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). The COSMOtherm data were evaluated against data from the PHYSPROP database, a manually curated database of experimental property data, to ensure that the COSMOtherm data were free of systematic errors. The comparison between COSMOtherm and the experimental data in the ECHA database showed that the data agree (within some variability) for many of the endpoints. However, there are also certain ranges with substantial discrepancies. These include log10 KOW &gt; 8, SW &lt; 10−3 mg/l, pV &lt; 10−6 Pa, and Tb &gt; 400 °C. The deviations between the non-experimental data and the COSMOtherm values are for all endpoints on average higher than the deviations between the experimental data and the COSMOtherm values. With this study, we provide COSMOtherm data for more than 4400 substances that can be used in the future for the hazard and risk assessment of these chemicals.
Spin current in the early stage of radical reactions and its mechanisms
Authors: Hanasaki Kota , Takatsuka Kazuo 
Published: October 2023

We study the electronic spin flux (atomic-scale flow of the spin density in molecules) by a perturbation analysis and ab initio nonadiabatic calculations. We derive a general perturbative expression of the charge and spin fluxes and identify the driving perturbation of the fluxes to be the time derivative of the electron-nucleus interaction term in the Hamiltonian. We then expand the expression in molecular orbitals so as to identify relevant components of the fluxes. Our perturbation theory describes the electronic fluxes in the early stage of reactions in an intuitively clear manner. The perturbation theory is then applied to an analysis of the spin flux obtained in ab initio calculations of the radical reaction of O2 and CH3· starting from three distinct spin configurations; (a) CH3· and triplet O2 with total spin of the system set Stot=1/2 (b) CH3· and singlet O2, Stot=1/2, and (c) CH3· and triplet O2, Stot=3/2. Further analysis of the time-dependent behaviors of the spin flux in these numerical simulations reveals (i) the spin flux induces rearrangement of the local spin structure, such as reduction of the spin polarization arising from the triplet O2 and (ii) the spin flux flows from O2 to CH3· in the reaction starting from spin configuration (a) and from CH3· to O2 in that starting from configuration (b), whereas no major intermolecular spin flux was observed in that starting from configuration (c). Our study thus establishes the mechanism of the spin flux that rearranges the local spin structures associated with chemical bonds.
Radioactivity in a bucket
Authors: Peralta Luis 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In radiation physics classes, point sources are typically used, for which it is relatively easy to describe the signal obtained by a radiation detector, such as the NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. The use of large extended radiation sources is generally avoided due to the mathematical complexity that their description may involve. However, the use of Monte Carlo simulation methods allows this limitation to be overcome. Potassium chloride, containing the 40K isotope, is an ideal candidate for carrying out this type of experiment. The source activity is obtained through the detection of the 1460.8 keV gamma-photon emitted in the 40K decay. In the first experiment, a cylindrical container is used, placing the NaI(Tl) detector in its center and filling the remaining space with potassium chloride. In a second, more complex case, a large radioactive source consisting of a container filled with a mixture of sand and potassium chloride, with the NaI(Tl) detector placed in the center of the mixture, is used. In this case, the mass of potassium chloride is approximately 1/5 of the sand mass. In both experiments, the detection efficiency is obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. A careful analysis of the experimental data allows to obtain a good agreement between the measured and calculated value of the activity.
The noncollinear interlayer coupling in NiFe/NiO/NiFe trilayers
Authors: Zhan Xiaozhi , Li Jialiang , Deng Xiao , Xiao Songwen , Sun Yuan , Cheng Sheng , Bai He , Zhu Tao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The interlayer coupling and magnetization reversal behaviors in NiFe/NiO/NiFe trilayers were investigated using polarized neutron reflectivity and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Our results reveal that the shape of NiFe loops transitions from square to tilted as the NiO thicknesses decrease, indicating changes in the direction of NiFe layer’s easy axis. This phenomenon can be attributed to variations occurring at NiO/NiFe interfaces for different NiO layer thicknesses. With thin NiO layer, interdiffusion at the NiO/NiFe interfaces leads to frustrated coupling, resulting in a noncollinear interlayer coupling. This observation is supported by MC simulations. Conversely, hardly any coupling frustration is observed for the sample with a thick NiO layer. Our findings propose a novel way to tailor the interlayer coupling through interface engineering.
Irreversible metamagnetic transitions in Yb3+ distorted tetragonal Pr0.45Sr0.55MnO3
Authors: Dokala R K , Das S , Jangam G , Mishra P K , Thota S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Field-induced metamagnetic behavior and orbital-ordering (OO) in Yb-substituted (PrSr)MnO3 perovskites have been reported. The occurrence of distortions in the tetragonal crystal lattice leads to a reduction in the

Mn

−

O

2

−

Mn

bond angle, which in turn governs the temperature and field-dependent long-range magnetic orderings. Extensive magnetization measurements reveal the high Curie temperature

T

C

∼ 302 K ferromagnetic (FM) phase and suggest the possibility of the existence of the OO in Pr0.45–x
Yb
x
Sr0.55MnO3 accompanied by antiferromagnetic (AFM) Néel temperature,

T

N

, as low as 158 K. Irreversible metamagnetic transitions from the AFM phase to the FM phase occur for a specific composition x = 0.05 (Yb5) until

T

⩽ 220 K. The admixture of AFM and FM metastable states is quite robust in the investigated system, whereas the AFM state is mediated by Yb3+ ions, while the FM state arises as a result of field-driven thermo-magnetic kinetics. These results provide a constructive approach for designing novel spin-valve devices.
Comparative study of neural network and model averaging methods in nuclear β-decay half-life predictions
Authors: Li 李 W F 伟峰 , Zhang 张 X Y 晓燕 , Niu 牛 Y F 一斐 , Niu 牛 Z M 中明 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Nuclear β-decay half-lives are investigated using the two-hidden-layer neural network and compared with the model averaging method. By carefully designing the input and hidden layers of the neural network, the neural network achieves better accuracy of nuclear β-decay half-life predictions and well eliminates the too strong odd–even staggering predicted by the previous neural networks. For nuclei with half-lives less than 1 s, the neural network can describe experimental half-lives within 1.6 times. The half-life predictions of the neural network are further tested with the newly measured half-lives, demonstrating its reliable extrapolation ability not far from the training region. Compared to the model averaging method, the neural network has higher accuracy and smaller uncertainties of half-life predictions in the known region. When extrapolated to the unknown region, the half-life uncertainties of the neural network are still smaller than those of the model averaging method within about 5–10 steps for nuclei with 35 ≲ Z ≲ 90, while the model averaging method has smaller half-life uncertainties for nuclei near the drip line.
A nonuniform demagnetizing field model for both static and dynamic responses of anisotropic magnetoresistive thin film sensors
Authors: Huang Yiya , Shan Xin , Ren Hongyu , Zhu Ronggui , Zhu Guanlun , Teng Jiao , Zhang Hui , Feng Chun , Yu Guanghua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, an anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) thin film sensor which can be used for magnetic scale has been prepared, and its output voltage is about 4.7–4.9 mV V−1. On the basis of the Stoner–Wohlfarth model and with considering the non-uniformity of the demagnetizing field along the width direction of the strips, both the static and dynamic responses of the AMR sensors have been calculated. The results have shown that the calculated results are in agreement with the experimental data. The magnetization rotation in the magnetic sensor strongly depends on the nonuniform demagnetizing field along the width direction. The magnetization at the center is easily rotated into the field direction, and the magnetization at the edge is difficult to be rotated. The smaller the width of the magnetoresistive strip is, the larger both the demagnetizing field at the edge and the saturation field of the magnetic sensor are. The results are helpful for understanding the magnetization rotation of magnetic sensors and developing the magnetic sensors with high performance.