bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiseptic wick: Does it reduce the incidence of wound infection following appendectomy?
Authors: McGreal Gerald T. , Joy Aislinn , Manning Brian , Kelly John L. , O’Donnell Joseph A. , William W. , Kirwan O. , Redmond H. Paul 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe role of prophylactic antibiotics is well established for contaminated wounds, but the use of antiseptic wound wicks is controversial. The aim of this work was to study the potential use of wound wicks to reduce the rate of infection following appendectomy. This prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at a university hospital in the department of surgery. The subjects were patients undergoing appendectomy for definite acute appendicitis. They were randomized by computer to primary subcuticular wound closure or use of an antiseptic wound wick. For the latter, ribbon gauze soaked in povidone‐iodine was placed between interrupted nylon skin sutures. Wicks were soaked daily and removed on the fourth postoperative day. All patients received antibiotic prophylaxis. They were reviewed while in hospital and 4 weeks following operation for evidence of wound infection. The main outcome measures were wound infection, wound discomfort, and cosmetic result. The overall wound infection rate was 8.6% (15/174). In patients with wound wicks it was 11.6% (10/86) compared to 5.6% (5/88) in those whose wounds were closed by subcuticular sutures (p=NS). We concluded that the use of wound wicks was not associated with decreased wound infection rates following appendectomy. Subcuticular closure is therefore appropriate in view of its greater convenience and safety.
Short‐ and long‐term outcome and health‐related quality of life after severe peritonitis
Authors: Scheingraber Stefan , Kurz Tanja , Dralle Henning 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe short‐form survey 36 (SF‐36) is a useful and qualified instrument for measurement of health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in critically ill patients. In this study we determined hospital mortality, hospital discharge mortality, and HRQL of 136 patients with severe peritonitis admitted to our hospital between January 1996 and May 1999. Hospital mortality was 46% and hospital discharge mortality 10%. The HRQL‐questionnaire was answered completely by 97% of the patients who where still alive during the study period. Age significantly reduced physical functions in these patients. Patients with cancer had significant impaired physical functions in the first year, followed by significant impairment in emotion. Generally, patients who survived peritonitis and had no malignancy had an acceptable outcome when compared to individuals from a large normal population. Health‐related quality of life measurements in peritonitis patients justify the high efforts in the treatment of these patients, but they do not provide a useful tool in the outcome prediction for individual patients.
Impact of the latest TNM classification for gastric cancer: Retrospective analysis on 94 D2 gastrectomies
Authors: D’Ugo Domenico , Pacelli Fabio , Persiani Roberto , Pende Vito , lanni Andrea , Papa Valerio , Doglietto Giovanni Battista , Picciocchi Aurelio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether the latest edition of tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) classification provides reliable prognostic information. The fifth edition of TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors has introduced for gastric cancer the numeric count of involved lymph nodes whereas their topographic location was considered in earlier editions. For our study, data from 94 patients who underwent D2‐gastrectomy were reviewed. The N‐factor was scored according to both the Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer (JRSGC) classification (n) and, retrospectively, the latest TNM classification (N). Actuarial survival was calculated for both groups. The two staging systems showed similar stratification of actuarial survival with relation to N‐stage; in the JRSGC classification no statistical differences were observed between nl and n2 patients (62.7% vs. 52.5%; p=NS), whereas the 5th TNM classification showed a significant difference between Nl and N2 patients (68.5% vs. 45.0%; p=0.04), and between Nl and the new category of N3 patients (68.5% vs. 45.0%, p=0.03). It appears, therefore, that the numeric count of involved nodes may represent a more reliable indicator for single‐case prognosis. Reclassification of all node‐positive patients in our series caused an overall stage modification in 32.9% (31/94); 22 of those patients were reclassified to a less favorable stage (23.4%). In addition, 11.7% of patients (6/51) who were previously designated nl were reclassified as N2, shifting from an expected actuarial survival after 72 months of 62.7% to 33.3%.
Impact of grade of dysplasia in villous adenomas of vater’s papilla
Authors: Heidecke Claus‐Dieter , Robert Rosenberg , Bauer Markus , Martin Werner , Weigert Norbert , Ulm Kurt , Roder Jürgen D. , Siewert Jórg‐Rüdiger 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTherapeutic strategies for villous adenoma of the papilla of Vater remain controversial. This study evaluates the accuracy of preoperative histopathologic diagnosis and the impact of the grade of dysplasia on recurrence as well as on potential alteration of the surgical approach. A series of 32 patients with an adenoma of Vater’s papilla who underwent local resection or pylorus‐preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy between January 1990 and August 2000 were reviewed retrospectively. Multiple endoscopic biopsies had been performed preoperatively. The histopathology of the preoperatively obtained biopsy specimens and subsequent surgical specimens were evaluated for grade of dysplasia by two pathologists and correlated with the clinical course after operative treatment. Altogether, 3 of 11 patients (27%) with a low‐grade (LG) dysplasia adenoma and 6 of 21 patients (29%) with a high‐grade (HG) dysplasia adenoma in the initial endoscopic biopsy specimens exhibited invasive carcinoma at the postoperative histologic examination (NS). Recurrence was not observed in the 6 patients from the LG dysplasia adenoma group following local resection and benign postoperative histology. In contrast, recurrence of villous adenoma was discovered in 2 of 12 patients (17%) and development of invasive carcinoma in 5 of 12 patients (42%) from the preoperative HG dysplasia group (p<0.05). The overall risk of carcinoma after primary diagnosis of an HG dysplasia adenoma was 44% (14/32). Adenoma of the papilla of Vater including HG dysplasia appears to be associated with a high risk of exhibiting invasive carcinoma postoperatively and a high rate of recurrence. Therefore pylorus‐preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy should be offered to patients with an HG dysplasia adenoma.
Minilaparotomy approach to terminal ileal Crohn’s disease
Authors: Nakagoe Tohru , Sawai Terumitsu , Tsuji Takashi , Jibiki Masa‐aki , Nanashima Atsushi , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Yasutake Toru , Ayabe Hiroyoshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe feasibility and safety of a minilaparotomy approach to terminal ileal Crohn’s disease have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to compare early outcomes utilizing this technique as an alternative to conventional approaches. Nine patients with terminal ileal Crohn’s disease (but no complicating enteric fístulas) who underwent minilaparotomy between January 1998 and September 2000 were studied prospectively. The minilaparotomy approach entails a complete surgical procedure performed through a skin incision of less than 7 cm. Ten similar patients who underwent conventional laparotomy between January 1995 and December 1997 served as the control group. Age, gender, body weight, height, body mass index, number of prior laparotomies, operating times, operative blood loss, and types of operative procedure were similar for cases and controls. The length of the laparotomy incision in the minilaparotomy approach group was significantly shorter than that in the conventional approach group (median length 6.0 vs. 16.5 cm; p<0.05). Postoperative intervals until initial standing and walking were significantly shorter for minilaparotomy patients than conventional surgery patients (p<0.05 andp<0.05, respectively), whereas postoperative intervals until passing flatus, urinary catheter removal, and tolerance of liquids and solids did not differ for the two groups, nor did the analgesic requirement or postoperative hospital stay. Postoperative complications developed in two conventional‐group patients; none was noted with the minilaparotomy approach. Our data suggest that the minilaparotomy approach to terminal ileal Crohn’s disease without an enteric fistula is feasible, safe, and less invasive than the conventional approach.
False memories and source‐monitoring problems: criterion differences
Authors: Hekkanen Steve T. , McEvoy Cathy 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA source‐monitoring/memory suggestion experiment was used to produce false memories and a signal‐detection analysis was conducted to determine if criterion differences could help explain their production. The procedure and stimuli were adapted from Zaragoza and Lane (1994). Participants saw slides depicting a crime and then answered questions about the slides with some of the questions containing suggested or misleading information. After a brief delay filled with several assessment tests, a list of items was presented and the participants were asked to identify whether each item came from the slides, the questions, both or neither. The results showed that all participants produced false memories but those who adopted more lenient criteria produced more false memories. In addition, those with stricter criteria scored lower on an assessment of dissociative experiences. These results were interpreted within a source‐monitoring framework. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Children's memory for television advertising: effects of programme–advertisement congruency
Authors: Gunter Barrie , Baluch Bahman , Duffy Linda J. , Furnham Adrian 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effects of the surrounding programme environment and level of involvement upon children's memory (year 6 primary school, mean age 11.1, SD = 0.4, 48 boys and 69 girls) for television advertisements was examined by manipulating the degree of congruency between the production genre of the programme and the advertisements embedded within it. In Experiment One (n = 56) the ad‐break comprised either all cartoons (n = 4) or all non‐cartoons (n = 4). In Experiment Two (n = 61) cartoon and non‐cartoon advertisements were equally represented in each ad‐break. After viewing, participants provided evaluative ratings of the programme and completed memory tests for advertisements, using prompted recall and brand‐recognition tasks. Memory performance overall was better for cartoon advertisements than for non‐cartoon advertisements, with the latter being poorly remembered when presented in the non‐cartoon programme. In Experiment Two, the programme had no effect on overall recall of advertising, but was related to brand recognition, which was better for advertisements placed in the cartoon programme. Free recall of non‐cartoon advertisements was best when placed in the cartoon programme, while free recall only of cartoon advertisements was best when placed in the non‐cartoon programme. The measures of audience involvement (programme ratings) did not show any significant correlation with memory for advertising. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Participants' free‐hand drawings of a target face can influence recognition accuracy and the confidence–accuracy correlation
Authors: McClure Kimberley A. , Shaw John S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to examine the effects of participants' free‐hand drawings on recognition accuracy and confidence for targets presented in a standard recognition paradigm and a lineup identification task. For both experiments, drawing a target influenced recognition accuracy and the confidence–accuracy correlation. In Experiment 1, the confidence–accuracy correlation was higher for participants completing a drawing than controls. Experiment 2 examined the drawings in relation to participants' decision to choose from the lineups. Once choosing was statistically controlled, the confidence–accuracy correlation for drawers was not higher than controls. These results suggest that the drawing influences the confidence–accuracy correlation by decreasing the likelighood of erroneously rejecting a target‐present lineup. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Memory for television advertisements as a function of advertisement–programme congruity
Authors: Furnham Adrian , Bergland Jenny , Gunter Barrie 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn experiment tested memory for a beer advertisement (placed either at the beginning or the end of the centre advertisement break) within four programme contexts featuring beer drinking either before and after, before or after the centre break, or not at all. The relationship between subjective audience evaluation of the programme and memory for advertisements was also investigated. The sample consisted of students (N = 79) aged 17 to 26 years. Brand recognition of the beer advertisement was significantly related to programme content, showing memory for the advertisement being enhanced when relevant programme material followed the break. Congruent material shown before the centre break had the reverse effect of impairing memory for the advertisement. Increased levels of programme involvement were found to be associated with improved recall and recognition of embedded advertisements but higher rated ‘happiness’ of the programme was associated with poorer memory for advertisement content. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive inverse control of unmodeled stable SISO and MIMO linear systems
Authors: Plett Gregory L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAdaptive‐signal‐processing techniques have been employed with great success in such applications as: system identification, channel equalization, statistical prediction and noise/echo cancellation. From a mathematical point of view, there is little difference between these applications and the types of operations required by control systems to control a dynamical system. This paper presents an approach to control systems calledadaptive inverse controlin which adaptive‐signal‐processing techniques are used throughout.Adaptive inverse control comprises three simultaneous processes. The plant is automatically modeled using adaptive system identification techniques. The dynamic response of the system is adaptively controlled using the resulting model and methods related to channel equalization. Adaptive disturbance canceling is performed using methods similar to noise canceling.The method applies directly to stable single‐input single‐output (SISO) and multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) plants, and does not require ana priorimodel of the system. If the plant is unstable, it must first be stabilized using conventional feedback. This implies that at least a rudimentary model need be made if the plant is unstable. Once the plant is stabilized, adaptive inverse control may be applied to the stabilized system. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐tuning PID controller using δ‐model identification
Authors: Bobál Vladimír , Sysel Martin , Dostál Petr 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis contribution presents an application of a self‐tuning digital PID controller for process control modelled by δ‐models. The process is identified by the regression (ARX) model using the recursive least‐squares method (RLSM) with LD decomposition and applied directional forgetting. Controller synthesis is designed on the basis of a modified Ziegler–Nichols criterion for digital PID control loops. The ultimate (critical) proportional gain and period of oscillations have been derived for the second‐order δ‐model. Control results obtained using digital PID controller on the basic δ‐models and z‐models are compared. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Household composition and food expenditures in China
Authors: Gould Brian W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWith China admitted to the World Trade Organization there is the potential for dramatic increases in U.S. agricultural exports. The present analysis uses household‐level data to identify important determinants of expenditures on food for at‐home consumption by households in three Chinese urban provinces. Besides the role of household income, we examine the impact of household member age/gender composition on expenditures via the estimation of endogenously determined adult equivalents. Results from the analysis show that overall food at‐home expenditures are income inelastic, some commodities exhibit elastic responses to changes in their own price and household composition has a significant impact on food choice. [JEL category: D120]. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A patent analysis of global food and beverage firms: The persistence of innovation
Authors: Alfranca Oscar , Rama Ruth , von Tunzelmann Nicholas 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe explore whether current innovation has an enduring effect on future innovative activity in large, global food and beverage (F&B) companies. We analyze a sample of 16,698 patents granted in the United States over the period 1977 to 1994 to 103 F&B firms selected from the world's largest F&B multinationals. We test whether patent time series are trend stationary or difference stationary in order to detect how large the autoregressive parameter is and how enduring the impact of past innovation in these companies is. We conclude that the patent series are not consistent with the random walk model. The null hypothesis of a unit root can be rejected at the 5% level when a constant and a time trend are considered. Both utility and design patent series are stationary around a constant and a time trend. Moreover, there is a permanent component in the patent time series. Thus, global F&B firms show a stable pattern of technological accumulation in which “success breeds success.” “Old” innovators are the ones to foster both important changes and new ways of packaging products among F&B multinationals. The effect of past innovation is almost permanent. By contrast, other potential stimuli to technological change have only transitory effects on innovation. Patterns of technological accumulation vary in specific F&B industries. Past experience in design is important in highly processed foods and beverages, but not in agribusinesses and basic foodstuffs. Patterns of technological accumulation are similar in both smaller multinationals/newcomers and large, established multinationals. [EconLit citations : O330, F230, L660] © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cholecystitis as the presenting manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Bloom Stuart H. , Coad James E. , Greeno Edward W. , Ashrani Aneel A. , Hammerschmidt Dale E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report a case of acute leukemia, which presented as cholecystitis in a previously healthy middle‐aged adult. Leukemic involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is a well‐known clinicopathological entity. However, leukemic infiltration of the gall bladder wall is a rare occurrence. It has only been previously described in the setting of relapsed disease and, to our knowledge, has never been reported as the primary manifestation of de novo acute leukemia. The patient in question was treated with standard induction and consolidation chemotherapy and remains in complete remission 19 months after his presentation with symptoms consistent with cholecystitis. Am. J. Hematol. 70:254–256, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fatal asthma from powdering shark cartilage and review of fatal occupational asthma literature
Authors: Ortega Hector G. , Kreiss Kathleen , Schill Donald P. , Weissman David N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundWork‐related asthma (WRA) is the most common work‐associated respiratory disease in developed countries.MethodWe report shark cartilage dust as a new potential cause of occupational asthma (OA) in the context of other fatal OA case reports.ResultsA 38‐year‐old white male worked for 8 years in a facility which primarily granulated and powdered various plastics. Sixteen months prior to his death, the plant began grinding shark cartilage. After 10 months of exposure, he reported chest symptoms at work in association with exposure to shark cartilage dust and a physician diagnosed asthma. Six months later, he complained of shortness of breath at work and died from autopsy‐confirmed asthma. The latency from onset of exposure to symptoms and from symptom onset to death was shorter than 10 previously reported OA fatalities.ConclusionRecognition of occupational causes and triggers of asthma and removal of affected individuals from these exposures is critical and can prevent progression to irreversible or even fatal asthma. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42: 50–54, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and carpal tunnel syndrome among dental hygienists
Authors: Anton Dan , Rosecrance John , Merlino Linda , Cook Thomas 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and other work‐related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common problems in general industry as well as dental hygiene. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of CTS and other MSDs among dental hygienists. No previous studies involving dental hygienists have combined nerve conduction studies (NCS) and symptoms in their CTS case definitions.MethodsDental hygienists (N = 95) completed a symptom and job factors survey, hand symptom diagram, and underwent NCS across the wrist.ResultsAt least one MSD was reported by 93%. Prevalence of CTS was 8.4% utilizing a case definition of symptoms and NCS, but 42% if defined by symptoms alone. Age, BMI, and the number of patients treated per day were significant factors associated with CTS.ConclusionsDental hygienists are exposed to occupational factors that increase the risk of CTS. A case definition that does not include NCS overestimates CTS prevalence. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:248–257, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Facilitating informed choice in prenatal testing: How well are we doing?
Authors: Marteau Theresa M. , Dormandy Elizabeth 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThere is a consensus that prenatal testing services need to provide the information and support necessary for women to make informed choices about prenatal testing. Informed choices are those based on relevant information that reflect the decision‐maker's values. To date, most research has focused on the information provided to women deciding whether to undergo tests. This has highlighted the poor quality of information provided to many women. There is agreement on the need to provide information on three key aspects of any test: the condition for which testing is being offered, characteristics of the test, and the implications of testing. Very little research has been conducted on decisions after the diagnosis of a fetal abnormality and how information and emotional and decisional support are and should be provided. Research is now needed in four key areas: first, on the optimal ways of organizing services to facilitate choices that are not only based on relevant information, but also reflect the decision‐maker's values; second, on the most effective ways of framing information needed for the different decisions involved in prenatal testing; third, on the most effective media in which to deliver information; and, fourth, to identify aspects of counseling that facilitate informed choices following diagnoses of fetal abnormality. If we value women's ability to make informed choices about prenatal tests as highly as we value reliable laboratory tests, evidence‐based quality standards need to be developed for the information and support women are given at all stages of the process of prenatal testing. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.