bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation of the electron flux spectrum along a solar flare loop as inferred from STIX hard X-ray observations
Authors: Volpara Anna , Massa Paolo , Krucker Säm , Gordon Emslie A. , Piana Michele , Maria Massone Anna 
Published: February 2024

Context. Regularized imaging spectroscopy was introduced for the construction of electron flux images at different energies from count visibilities recorded by the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). In this work we seek to extend this approach to data from the Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) on board the Solar Orbiter mission.
Aims. Our aims are to demonstrate the feasibility of regularized imaging spectroscopy as a method for analysis of STIX data, and also to show how such an analysis can lead to insights into the physical processes affecting the nonthermal electrons responsible for the hard X-ray emission observed by STIX.
Methods. STIX records imaging data in an intrinsically different manner from RHESSI. Rather than sweeping the angular frequency plane in a set of concentric circles (one circle per detector), STIX uses 30 collimators, each corresponding to a specific angular frequency. For this work, we derived an appropriate modification to the previous computational approach for the analysis of the visibilities observed by STIX. This approach also allows for the observed count data to be placed into nonuniformly spaced energy bins.
Results. We show that the regularized imaging spectroscopy approach is not only feasible for an analysis of the visibilities observed by STIX, but also more reliable. The application of the regularized imaging spectroscopy technique to several well-observed flares reveals details of the variation of the electron flux spectrum throughout the flare sources.
Conclusions. We conclude that the visibility-based regularized imaging spectroscopy approach is well suited for the analysis of STIX data. We also used STIX electron flux spectral images to track, for the first time, the behavior of the accelerated electrons during their path from the acceleration site in the solar corona toward the chromosphere.
Study of solar brightness profiles in the 18–26 GHz frequency range with INAF radio telescopes
Authors: Marongiu M. , Pellizzoni A. , Righini S. , Mulas S. , Nesti R. , Burtovoi A. , Romoli M. , Serra G. , Valente G. , Egron E. , Murtas G. , Iacolina M. N. , Melis A. , Guglielmino S. L. , Loru S. , Zucca P. , Zanichelli A. , Bachetti M. , Bemporad A. , Buffa F. , Concu R. , Deiana G. L. , Karakotia C. , Ladu A. , Maccaferri A. , Marongiu P. , Messerotti M. , Navarrini A. , Orfei A. , Ortu P. , Pili M. , Pisanu T. , Pupillo G. , Romano P. , Saba A. , Schirru L. , Tiburzi C. , Abbo L. , Frassati F. , Giarrusso M. , Jerse G. , Landini F. , Pancrazzi M. , Russano G. , Sasso C. , Susino R. 
Published: February 2024

Context. One of the most important objectives of solar physics is to gain a physical understanding of the solar atmosphere, whose structure can also be described in terms of the density (N) and temperature (T) distributions of the atmospheric matter. Several multi-frequency analyses have shown that the characteristics of these distributions are still under debate, especially for outer coronal emission.
Aims. We aim to constrain the T and N distributions of the solar atmosphere through observations in the centimetric radio domain. We employed single-dish observations from two of the INAF radio telescopes at the K-band frequencies (18–26 GHz). We investigated the origin of the significant brightness temperature (TB) detected up to the upper corona (at an altitude of ∼800 Mm with respect to the photospheric solar surface).
Methods. To probe the physical origin of the atmospheric emission and to constrain instrumental biases, we reproduced the solar signal by convolving specific 2D antenna beam models. We performed an analysis of the solar atmosphere by adopting a physical model that assumes the thermal bremsstrahlung as the emission mechanism, with specific T and N distributions. We compared the modelled TB profiles with those observed by averaging solar maps obtained at 18.3 and 25.8 GHz during the minimum of solar activity (2018–2020).
Results. We probed any possible discrepancies between the T and N distributions assumed from the model and those derived from our measurements. The T and N distributions are compatible (within a 25% of uncertainty) with the model up to ∼60 Mm and ∼100 Mm in altitude, respectively.
Conclusions. Our analysis of the role of the antenna beam pattern on our solar maps proves the physical nature of the atmospheric emission in our images up to the coronal tails seen in our TB profiles. Our results suggest that the modelled T and N distributions are in good agreement (within 25% of uncertainty) with our solar maps up to altitudes of ≲100 Mm. A subsequent, more challenging analysis of the coronal radio emission at higher altitudes, together with the data from satellite instruments, will require further multi-frequency measurements.
Heavy black hole seed formation in high-z atomic cooling halos
Authors: Prole Lewis R. , Regan John A. , Glover Simon C. O. , Klessen Ralf S. , Priestley Felix D. , Clark Paul C. 
Published: February 2024

Context. Halos with masses in excess of the atomic limit are believed to be ideal environments in which to form heavy black hole seeds with masses above 103 M⊙. In cases where the H2 fraction is suppressed, this is expected to lead to reduced fragmentation of the gas and the generation of a top-heavy initial mass function. In extreme cases this can result in the formation of massive black hole seeds. Resolving the initial fragmentation scale and the resulting protostellar masses has, until now, not been robustly tested.
Aims. We run zoom-in simulations of atomically cooled halos in which the formation of H2 is suppressed to assess whether they can truly resist fragmentation at high densities and tilt the initial mass function towards a more top-heavy form and the formation of massive black hole seeds.
Methods. Cosmological simulations were performed with the moving mesh code AREPO, using a primordial chemistry network until z ∼ 11. Three haloes with masses in excess of the atomic cooling mass were then selected for detailed examination via zoom-ins. A series of zoom-in simulations, with varying levels of maximum spatial resolution, captured the resulting fragmentation and formation of metal-free stars using the sink particle technique. The highest resolution simulations resolved densities up to 10−6 g cm−3 (1018 cm−3) and captured a further 100 yr of fragmentation behaviour at the centre of the halo. Lower resolution simulations were then used to model the future accretion behaviour of the sinks over longer timescales.
Results. Our simulations show intense fragmentation in the central region of the halos, leading to a large number of near-solar mass protostars. Even in the presence of a super-critical Lyman-Werner radiation field (JLW > 105J21), H2 continues to form within the inner ∼2000 au of the halo. Despite the increased fragmentation, the halos produce a protostellar mass spectrum that peaks at higher masses relative to standard Population III star-forming halos. The most massive protostars have accretion rates of 10−3–10−1 M⊙ yr−1 after the first 100 years of evolution, while the total mass of the central region grows at 1 M⊙ yr−1. Lower resolution zoom-ins show that the total mass of the system continues to accrete at ∼1 M⊙ yr−1 for at least 104 yr, although how this mass is distributed amongst the rapidly growing number of protostars is unclear. However, assuming that a fraction of stars can continue to accrete rapidly, the formation of a sub-population of stars with masses in excess of 103 M⊙ is likely in these halos. In the most optimistic case, we predict the formation of heavy black hole seeds with masses in excess of 104 M⊙, assuming an accretion behaviour in line with expectations from super-competitive accretion and/or frequent mergers with secondary protostars.
A Study of Splitskin Donor Area Healing
Authors: Sharma R. N. , Husain M. T. 
Published: February 2024

Summary53 donor areas have been studied, and the role of depth of the wound, postoperative soakage, infection, immobilisation, instrument used for cutting the graft, and the closed, and exposure methods of management has been assessed, the results have been discussed and compared with available literature.
Idiopathic Hypertrophy of the Masseter Muscle
Authors: Rawat S. S. , Sharma Kamla 
Published: February 2024

SummaryA short summary of the literature on masseter hypertrophy has been given along with the findings from our own series of eight cases. The salient features of our findings are that the condition is perhaps related to some type of work hypertrophy, in our cases bitel-nut chewing; that only for marked cosmetic deformity is surgical interference indicated; we prefer the extraoral appre ach with excision of the external portion of the muscle, which may be combined with excision of the hyperostotic bone where necessary; ordinary histological examination does not reveal any changes in the muscle histology but special technique like silver staining could help. Radiology of the mandible shows definite changes in the form of abnormal bone growth at the mandibular angle and reduction in the angulation of the angle from an average of 120° to an average 90°.
Mid-dermis Grafting—A Clinical Study
Authors: Mehdiratta N. K. , Sharma R. N. , Chandra R. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryTwenty two patients requiring skin coverage were subjected to mid-dermis grafting. Thirty one mid-dermis grafts were applied and all the patients had simultaneous controls provided by split skin grafts. Take up of grafts was reasonably good. Mid-dermis grafts were permanent, and more stable then split skin. The greatest advantage lay in doubling the donor site potential.
Effect of Zinc Sulfate on Tensile Strength of Incised Wounds: An Experimental Study
Authors: Gupta M. , Khanna S. K. , Jaint T. C. , Prasad P. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryTo evaluate the effect of oral administration of zinc sulfate on tensile strength of incised wounds experiments were conducted on 50 albino rats. The results have been discussed and the difference between the methodology of the przsent work and the reported literature pointed out.
Congenital Atresio Vagina
Authors: Narula R. K. , Mehdirattra N. K. , Tiwaris K. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryMcindoe's method of vaginal reconstruction is simple.Instead of using hard vaginel mould foam form is suggested.Common complications like contraction of cavity, hypergranulation tissue, V.V.F., R.V.F. etc. could be avoided.
Direct Pedicle Skin Flap to Weight Bearing Areas of Foot
Authors: Thind Rajinder Singh , Ajaipal Singh 
Published: February 2024

SummaryNinety two cases of skinloss on the weigh-bearing areas of the foot where direct pedicle flap has been provided are presented. Advantages of direct pedicle flap over skin graft and other flaps in such situations are described.Some requirements in planning and executioning of these direct flaps to foot are detailed with special emphasis on extension of the flap where it is needed.The various donor sites used for covering these defects are mentioned with the factors necessitating their use.The follow-up for a period varying from 6 months to 12 years has been done.
Transposition, generationality, and trauma: From psychoanalytic Holocaust studies to post-mnemonic cultures
Authors: Zolkos Magdalena 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe concept of transposition, initially linked to the study of affective transmission of trauma across generations, has not progressed far beyond psychoanalytic Holocaust studies, and its broader cultural implications remain underexplored. Through its presentation and appraisal, I make an argument for the critical and epistemic potential of transposition, both recognizing and moving beyond the specific framework of its original articulation, namely the clinical psychoanalytic work with children of Holocaust survivors in the 1970s and 1980s. First, I outline the trajectories of the emergence of the concept, focussing on the work of Judith Kestenberg. I contextualize transposition in relation to the psychoanalytic nexus of trauma and mourning, particularly regarding the effects of what Alexander Mitscherlich and Marguerite Mitscherlich called “the inability to mourn”. I then discuss how, while contemporary trauma discourses have paid little attention to transposition, this concept has been revived in studies of postmemory. Through a close reading of the novel The White Book by contemporary South Korean writer Han Kang, I conclude that the shift of transposition from a clinical notion to a cultural and literary idiom of cross-generational mnemonic legacies marks a significant discursive change, and it paves the way for a broader interrogation of the psychosocial costs of traumatic remembrance.
The semantics of the polysemic Amharic wordfit‘face’
Authors: Menete Sérgio N. , Jiang Guiying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study examines the figurative conceptualization of the polysemic Amharic wordfit‘face.’ Based primarily on the “lexical approach,” the study shows how the meaning of “face” extends metaphorically and metonymically to such abstract concepts as time, emotions, and the intellect. Most of the face-related words in Amharic are also found in other languages, though cross-linguistic differences also exist. In the comparative study of body-part terms, a new approach is proposed, the “encompassing approach,” which claims that the contrastive study of body-part terms cannot be confined to a single term. Rather, it needs to consider the potential association between individual parts and specific cognitive processes. Once these processes are considered, the cross-linguistic variations between related body-part terms become marginal. We conclude that the (near)-universal status of body parts cannot be measured by examining the explicit use of a given part only.
Making or breaking the case for a plain face – Is human perception of canine facial expressivity influenced by physical appearance?
Authors: Sexton C.L. , Buckley C. , Sen M. , Subiaul F. , Hecht E.E. , Bradley B.J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Facial communication is important in both human-human interactions and human-dog interactions. Individual factors, such as experience, relationship history, and mood, to name a few, influence the reception of facial signals/expressions. But superficial facial features are also significant in human communication, and likely impact communication between dogs and humans. For example, humans are better at evaluating the frequency and intensity of facial expressions in dogs that have plainer faces, if the dog is familiar to them, which could be related to a preference for non-complexity (human faces are generally much less physically diverse than dog faces). This study explored the effect of the physical complexity of dog and human faces on the perceived expressiveness of neutral-faced, unknown individuals of both species. Results indicate that when looking at static images of unknown dogs and humans, facial complexity has minimal impact on how expressive people perceive them to be. However, dogs are consistently ranked as more expressive than humans, and people who live with dogs tend to rank neutral-face dogs of all facial complexity levels as more expressive compared to the rankings of humans who do not live with dogs – which we hypothesize may be the result of a desire/tendency of dog owners to “read meaning” into dog faces.
Estimation of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in all-metallic multilayer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Ankan , Maji Saikat , Kayal Soubhik , Huilgol Ninad Hemant , Kumar P S Anil 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (iDMI) interaction which arises at the interface between a heavy metal (HM) and a ferromagnet (FM) can stabilize chiral Néel type domain walls in ultrathin perpendicularly magnetized multilayers. Dissimilar HMs are required on both bottom and top sides of the FM layer in order to introduce the structural inversion asymmetry which ensures an effective iDMI in the FM layer. HMs like Pt, Ir, Ta etc are very well known for developing large iDMI in the interface with Co, whereas noble metals like Au can produce negligible iDMI. Therefore, a multilayer Pt/Co/Au is chosen to determine the individual iDMI in the Pt/Co interface. Some procedures like field-induced domain wall motion study, spin–orbit torque efficiency estimation study are well established to quantify the effective field due to the iDMI (HDMI) which in turn gives the strength of the iDMI (Deff). Besides these procedures, a current-induced switching of magnetization was studied to construct a switching phase diagram where the critical current density of magnetization switching has been plotted as a function of the applied in-plane magnetic field. The experimentally constructed diagram and the simulated diagram using a micromagnetic study have revealed the possibility to quantifyHDMI. Thus, a systematic and unified estimation ofDeffhas been done on all-metallic Ta/Pt/Co/Au multilayers.
Plasmonic hybridized modes empowered by strong plasmon interaction in the nanograting-dielectric-metal stacked structure
Authors: Wei Xinran , Liang Yuzhang , Zheng Yiding , Kuang Kaili , Wang Qiao , Han Yi , Yang Cheng , Fang Yurui , Peng Wei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The coupling between surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and waveguide (WG) modes has been widely investigated by using prism-coupled structures and has demonstrated a large number of interesting physical phenomena. However, these conventional structures mainly rely on the angle-dependent total internal reflection excitation. This is not conducive to their further development due to the large volume and the requirement of oblique incidence. In this paper, we theoretically propose a three-layer nanograting-dielectric-metal (NDM) plasmonic structure. Within this structure, a thickness-dependent plasmonic WG (PWG) mode in the middle dielectric cavity strongly couples with SPPs on the top surface, resulting in two new hybridized PWG-SPPs modes. This hybridization coupling phenomenon is analyzed in detail by using plasmonic hybridization and two coupled oscillator models. Besides, a thorough investigation is conducted on the sensing performance of these two PWG-SPPs hybridized modes. The difference in sensing characteristics between these two hybridized modes can be well explained by their coupling strength variation. This NDM plasmonic nanostructure owns unparalleled advantages in the generation and modulation of a variety of new modes, effectively promoting the development of miniaturized optoelectronic devices.
Structural and magnetic studies of the frustrated S = 1 kagome magnet NH4Ni2Mo2O10H3
Authors: Connolly E T , Wardell J , Boldrin D , Tang C C , Wills A S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The strong geometric frustration of the kagome antiferromagnets (KAFMs) can destabilise conventional magnetic order and lead to exotic electronic states, such as the quantum spin-liquid state observed in some

S
=

1
2

KAFM materials. However, the ground state of S = 1 KAFM systems are less well understood. Spin nematic phases and valence bond solid ground states have been predicted to form but a paucity of experimental realisations restricts understanding. Here, the S = 1 KAFM NH4Ni2Mo2O10H3 is presented, which has the 3-fold symmetry of the kagome lattice but significant site depletion, with

∼

64
%

site occupancy. Frustration and a competition between exchange interactions are evidenced through the suppression of order below the Weiss temperature

|

θ

W

|

and observation of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic characteristics in the magnetisation data. A semi spin glass ground state is predicted based on the ac-field frequency dependence of the magnetic transition and ferromagnetic signal.
Giant magnetoresistance resulting from superzone gap in spin-frustrated rare-earth-based aluminide: DyFe2Al10
Authors: Pal Koustav , Dey Suman , Das I 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The magnetic properties of orthorhombic aluminides have recently been the subject of investigation, revealing several intriguing phenomena within this class of materials. However, the exploration of their magnetic and electrical transport phenomena has remained somewhat limited. In this study, we delve into the magnetic and electrical transport characteristics of one such material from that group which is DyFe2Al10 (DFA). Our findings go beyond classifying this material as a simple antiferromagnet; but it posses a short range ferromagnetic ordering apart from helical spin structure of Dy3+. It exhibits a metamagnetic transition and spin glass behavior below its Néel temperature (T
N
). Our analysis of electrical magnetotransport behavior indicates the emergence of an antiferromagnetic superzone gap, resulting in a significant enhancement in magnetoresistance effect. This discovery paves the way for a class of materials with complex interactions and notable magnetoresistance properties.
Titania/graphene nanocomposites from scalable gas-phase synthesis for high-capacity and high-stability sodium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Al-Kamal Ahmed K , Hammad Mohaned , Yusuf Ali Md , Angel Steven , Segets Doris , Schulz Christof , Wiggers Hartmut 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), TiO2 or sodium titanates are discussed as cost-effective anode material. The use of ultrafine TiO2 particles overcomes the effect of intrinsically low electronic and ionic conductivity that otherwise limits the electrochemical performance and thus its Na-ion storage capacity. Especially, TiO2 nanoparticles integrated in a highly conductive, large surface-area, and stable graphene matrix can achieve an exceptional electrochemical rate performance, durability, and increase in capacity. We report the direct and scalable gas-phase synthesis of TiO2 and graphene and their subsequent self-assembly to produce TiO2/graphene nanocomposites (TiO2/Gr). Transmission electron microscopy shows that the TiO2 nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the surface of the graphene nanosheets. TiO2/Gr nanocomposites with graphene loadings of 20 and 30 wt% were tested as anode in SIBs. With the outstanding electronic conductivity enhancement and a synergistic Na-ion storage effect at the interface of TiO2 nanoparticles and graphene, nanocomposites with 30 wt% graphene exhibited particularly good electrochemical performance with a reversible capacity of 281 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, compared to pristine TiO2 nanoparticles (155 mAh g−1). Moreover, the composite showed excellent high-rate performance of 158 mAh g−1 at 20 C and a reversible capacity of 154 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 10 C. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the Na-ion storage is dominated by surface and TiO2/Gr interface processes rather than slow, diffusion-controlled intercalation, explaining its outstanding rate performance. The synthesis route of these high-performing nanocomposites provides a highly promising strategy for the scalable production of advanced nanomaterials for SIBs.
A regularity result for the free boundary compressible Euler equations of a liquid
Authors: Li Linfeng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We derive a priori estimates for the compressible free boundary Euler equations in the case of a liquid without surface tension. We provide a new weighted functional framework which leads to the improved regularity of the flow map by using the Hardy inequality. One of main ideas is to decompose the initial density function. It is worth mentioning that in our analysis we do not need the higher order wave equation for the density.