bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND METHODS OF COORDINATED PLANNING
Authors: Pavlov Alexander , Kyselov Mykyta 
Published: December 2023

Modern processes of globalization and economic competition require a significant increase in the requirements for the professional degree of top-level managers who manage the activities of international corporations, regional economies, branch ministries, etc. Their efficient operation is impossible without the use of basic scientific developments and appropriate software which implement the main qualitative law of complex organizational and production systems management: the law of coordinated management (planning), when management decisions at the top level take into account interests that may not coincide, or even be antagonistic in organizational and production subsystems connected by a certain structure of mutual relations within a single organizational and production complex system. In this work, we consider a two-level organizational and production system, which in terms of the generally known theory of active systems is defined as “decision-making center → elements (of an organizational and production subsystem)”. We consider formal models of elements of two classes, linear continuous and discrete, aggregated production models which belong to the same class of NP-hard single-stage scheduling problems. For both types of element models, we give compromise criteria and corresponding methods of constructing compromise solutions based on the results of Prof. A. A. Pavlov for multi-objective linear programming, as a result of his theoretical research for discrete optimization problems under uncertainty, and the theory of PSC-algorithms created by him and his students, that is, algorithms containing polynomial complexity subalgorithms for constructing feasible solutions that satisfy theoretically substantiated sufficient signs of optimality. In this work, we use the PSC-algorithm for the NP-hard scheduling problem “Minimization of the total weighted completion time of jobs on a single machine with precedence relations given by a directed acyclic graph”.
METHODS AND MEANS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF NETWORK TRAFFIC SECURITY MONITORING BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Dremov Artem 
Published: December 2023

This paper aims to provide a solution for malicious network traffic detection and categorization. Remote attacks on computer systems are becoming more common and more dangerous nowadays. This is due to several factors, some of which are as follows: first of all, the usage of computer networks and network infrastructure overall is on the rise, with tools such as messengers, email, and so on. Second, alongside increased usage, the amount of sensitive information being transmitted over networks has also grown. Third, the usage of computer networks for complex systems, such as grid and cloud computing, as well as IoT and “smart” locations (e.g., “smart city”) has also seen an increase. Detecting malicious network traffic is the first step in defending against a remote attack. Historically, this was handled by a variety of algorithms, including machine learning algorithms such as clustering.
However, these algorithms require a large amount of sample data to be effective against a given attack. This means that defending against zero‑day attacks or attacks with high variance in input data proves difficult for such algorithms. In this paper, we propose a semi‑supervised generative adversarial network (GAN) to train a discriminator model to categorize malicious traffic as well as identify malicious and non‑malicious traffic. The proposed solution consists of a GAN generator that creates tabular data representing network traffic from a remote attack and a classifier deep neural network for said traffic. The main goal is to achieve accurate categorization of malicious traffic with a few labeled examples. This can also, in theory, improve classification accuracy compared to fully supervised models. It may also improve the model’s performance against completely new types of attacks. The resulting model shows a prediction accuracy of 91 %, which is lower than a conventional deep learning model; however, this accuracy is achieved with a small sample of data (under 1000 labeled examples). As such, the results of this research may be used to improve computer system security, for example, by using dynamic firewall rule adjustments based on the results of incoming traffic classification. The proposed model was implemented and tested in the Python programming language and the TensorFlow framework. The dataset used for testing is the NSL‑KDD dataset.
ON A CLASS OF NONSTATIONARY CURVES IN HILBERT SPACE
Authors: Boeva Anna 
Published: December 2023

Stationary random processes have been studied quite well over recent years starting with the works of A. N. Kolmogorov. The possibility of building nonstationary random process correlation theory was considered in the monographs by M. S. Livshits, A. A. Yantsevich, V. A. Zolotarev and others. Some classes of nonstationary curves were investigated by V. E. Katsnelson. In this paper nonstationary random processes are represented as curves in Hilbert space which "slightly deviate" from random processes with the correlation function of special kind. The infinitesimal correlation function has been introduced; in essence, this function characterizes the deviation from the correlation process with the given correlation function. The paper discusses the cases of nonstationary random processes, the operator of which has one‑dimensional imaginary component. Cases of a dissipative operator with descrete spectrum are also considered in this work. It is shown that the nonstationarity of the random process is closely related to the deviation of the operator from its conjugated operator. Using the triangle and universal models of non‑self‑ajoint operators it is possible to obtain the representation for the correlation function in the case of nonstationary process which replaces the Bochner – Khinchin representation for stationary random processes. The expresson for the infinitesimal correlation function was obtained for different cases of operator spectrum: for the descrete spectrum placed in the upper half‑plane and for the contrast‑free spectrum at zero. In the case of dissipative operator with descrete spectrum the infinitesimal function can be found in terms of special lambda function. For Lebesque spaces of compex‑valued squared integratable functions the expresson of infinitesimal function was found in terms of special zero order modified Bessel function. It was shown that a similar approach can be applied for the evolutionarily represented sequences in Hilbert spaces.
EXPERIENCE OF PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS IN THE ASPECT OF INTERCONNECTED PROCESSES (PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS) – SIGNIFICANCE OF THE HUMAN FACTOR
Authors: Garmash Sergii 
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the work is to highlight the situation that has developed in higher educational institutions of Ukraine in terms of finding partners for participation in international projects; dynamic changes in the internal and external environments, which are components of the reasons for the decline of this direction; possible development prospects under certain conditions; the influence of the human factor on these processes.
National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute” has sufficient experience of working in international projects. For its efficient international cooperation NTU “KhPI” was repeatedly recognized as one of the best universities both in the region and in Ukraine on the whole. The situation in finding partners to participate in international projects of general departments is difficult. That’s why, cooperation of general departments with special departments is necessary to involve the former in international projects. If earlier partnership proposals mostly came from foreign institutions, now the responsibilities of finding foreign partners for the institute's (department's) participation in international projects have been shifted to the shoulders of teachers. The direct officials subconsciously learned one of Andrew Carnegie's famous quotes: “The secret of success lies not in doing your own work, but in recognizing the right man to do it”. The unification of the higher education system with the standards of Western countries in recent years has led to the appearance of a whole wave of paper waste that increasingly fills the teacher's living space. But this is unlikely to trouble officials from education, who mainly pay attention to artificial ratings and redistribution of financial flows in this area.
Obviously, at all levels, the phenomenon of “negative selection of power” is gaining momentum in all structural subdivisions of any organization, as it has already become an integral trend in Ukraine during the years of its independence, on a par with corruption, personal preferences and nepotism. In the conditions of modern challenges that the question of the competence of human resources is becoing increasingly acute. The ability to make informed decisions, to take responsibility, even simply to remain a decent person become guidelines in times of trials, when real leaders emerge and the real elite of society crystallizes.
Teoria da relatividade: uma motivação histórica e a matemática por trás
Authors: Fassis Maria Júlia , Gadotti Marta Cilene 
Published: December 2023

A Teoria da Relatividade desenvolvida por Albert Einstein (1879 -1955) no início do século XX provocou uma revolução no campo da Física. Buscamos com esse artigo explicitar as circunstˆancias que levaram ao surgimento dessa teoria, entender em que ela foi baseada e desenvolver alguns dos conceitos relacionados a ela, como o Princípio da Equivalˆencia, a simultaneidade, a dilatação do tempo, a Teoria do Espaço-Tempo e a estrutura dos cones de luz. Nesse trabalho, introduzimos alguns conceitos olhando o desenvolvimento histórico que levou `a Teoria da Relatividade e utilizando algumas ferramentas matem ́aticas. A Geometria Diferencial possui uma importante relação com tal teoria e por isso, a abordamos para discutir sobre a Teoria do Espaço-Tempo, porém buscamos não nos aprofundar nessa geometria para que não seja necessário um conhecimento prévio nesse ramo para compreender as discuss ̃oes exploradas nesse artigo.
Long time coherent integration for maneuvering target detection via multi-radon processing
Authors: Chen Gang , Su Siyuan , Liang Huijian , Jin Yi , Xu Changzhi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In radar applications, whether active or passive, increasing the observation time is an effective method to improve the detection performance of a weak moving target in a radar system, whereas the integration performance may deteriorate because of the range migration, including range walk and range curve, and Doppler frequency diffusion effect. Besides, the Doppler mismatch problem in range compress process also deteriorates the coherent integration performance. Aiming at these problems, long-time coherent integration method based on multi-radon processing is developed. In this novel method, range-Doppler processing is achieved in each segmented part of the received signal, which solves the Doppler mismatch problem. Then, a revised Radon Fourier transform is applied to compensate the range walk, range curve and Doppler frequency diffusion of the target echoes along a specific path. Simulation results demonstrate that the method could correct range migration and the Doppler frequency diffusion in passive bistatic radar system.
Rudi Kundini, Pamoja Kundini (RKPK): study protocol for a hybrid type 1 randomized effectiveness-implementation trial using data science and economic incentive strategies to strengthen the continuity of care among people living with HIV in Tanzania
Authors: Kadota Jillian L. , Packel Laura J. , Mlowe Matilda , Ulenga Nzovu , Mwenda Natalino , Njau Prosper F. , Dow William H. , Wang Jingshen , Sabasaba Amon , McCoy Sandra I. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Economic incentives can improve clinical outcomes among in-care people living with HIV (PLHIV), but evidence is limited for their effectiveness among out-of-care PLHIV or those at-risk of disengagement. We propose a type 1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation study to advance global knowledge about the use of economic incentives to strengthen the continuity of HIV care and accelerate global goals for HIV epidemic control.
Methods
The Rudi Kundini, Pamoja Kundini study will evaluate two implementation models of an economic incentive strategy for supporting two groups of PLHIV in Tanzania. Phase 1 of the study consists of a two-arm, cluster randomized trial across 32 health facilities to assess the effectiveness of a home visit plus one-time economic incentive on the proportion of out-of-care PLHIV with viral load suppression (< 1000 copies/ml) 6 months after enrollment (n = 640). Phase 2 is an individual 1:1 randomized controlled trial designed to determine the effectiveness of a short-term counseling and economic incentive program offered to in-care PLHIV who are predicted through machine learning to be at-risk of disengaging from care on the outcome of viral load suppression at 12 months (n = 692). The program includes up to three incentives conditional upon visit attendance coupled with adapted counselling sessions for this population of PLHIV. Consistent with a hybrid effectiveness-implementation study design, phase 3 is a mixed methods evaluation to explore barriers and facilitators to strategy implementation in phases 1 and 2. Results will be used to guide optimization and scale-up of the incentive strategies, if effective, to the larger population of Tanzanian PLHIV who struggle with continuity of HIV care.
Discussion
Innovative strategies that recognize the dynamic process of lifelong retention in HIV care are urgently needed. Strategies such as conditional economic incentives are a simple and effective method for improving many health outcomes, including those on the HIV continuum. If coupled with other supportive services such as home visits (phase 1) or with tailored counselling (phase 2), economic incentives have the potential to strengthen engagement among the subpopulation of PLHIV who struggle with retention in care and could help to close the gap towards reaching global ’95-95-95’ goals for ending the AIDS epidemic.
Phase 1: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05248100, registered 2/21/2022 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05248100
Phase 2: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05373095, registered 5/13/2022 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05373095
Electronic consenting in a randomised control trial of complex intervention for children with autism: Experiences from COMPASS trial, India
Authors: Roy Reetabrata , Abhilashi Minal , Chopra Aanchal , Kaur Abhipreet , Jangra Deepak , Emsley Richard , Green Jonathan , Leadbitter Kathy , Divan Gauri 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background: Technological advancements have facilitated increased use of virtual interactions in public health research between investigators and study participants. This includes electronic informed consent (eIC) as a feasible alternative to traditional paper based, in-person consenting processes. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted a large number of studies globally and processes like eIC enabled continued recruitment of participants into trials. Although current evidence on use of eIC are largely positive, further research is required from diverse contexts. This paper presents the processes of development and implementation of eIC in a large RCT on autism from India.
Method: Cognitive interviews with 12 community members and 51 pilots were conducted to develop the eIC standard operating procedure for the RCT. The eIC implementation process included 5 steps and all interactions between participants and researchers were done over calls. This eIC procedure was used to recruit 220 participants to the trial between January 2021-December 2022. 14 researchers of the trial’s evaluation team used the eIC procedures and their feedback was routinely incorporated to the eIC implementation. All qualitative data was thematically analysed to identity strengths and limitations of the eIC procedure and descriptive analysis of quantitative data was done for population characteristics, eIC rates and duration of eIC.
Results: 76.4% (n=220) of participants approached for eIC were found eligible for inclusion and gave consent for participation in the trial. The eIC calls took an average of 20 minutes (Range: 18-30 minutes) including the audio recording of participant responses to consenting statements read out by researchers. Key strengths of the eIC process as shared by researchers were time flexibility of conducting eIC calls and comprehension of trial information among participants. Major limitations were around establishing trust and rapport with participants during virtual interactions and appointment scheduling.
Conclusion: The rate of consenting achieved in this trial using the eIC procedure and the feedback from researchers have provided further evidence supporting the use of eIC in complex trials in low- and middle-income countries.
Trial registration: ISRCTN ID: 21454676; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN21454676?q=21454676; Registration date: 22.06.2018
Levels of Serum Inflammatory Cytokines and Their Correlations with Disease Severity in Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Authors: Zeng Wenming , Xia Jining , Zeng Qiming 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Inflammation is crucial in the pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Investigating the correlation between levels of serum inflammatory cytokines (SICs) and the severity of CUS is of great significance for understanding the disease mechanism and finding effective treatment strategies.
Methods: This work involved a research group (Res group) of 114 patients with CSU and a control group (Ctrl group) of 100 healthy individuals. SICs including leukotriene B4 (LTB4), leukotriene C4 (LTC4), interleukin (IL) -4, IL-17, IL-31, and tumor necrosis factor-γ (TNF-γ), of patients in different groups were measured and compared. Furthermore, the correlations between each SIC and pruritus severity, duration of pruritus, urticaria activity, and quality of life (QOL) were compared among the patients in different groups.
Results: The Res group exhibited higher LTB4, LTC4, IL-4, IL-17, and IL-31 but lower TNF-γ. Great differences (P < 0.05) were found in IL-4, IL-17, and IL-31 among the patients with different pruritus severity, and positive correlations were observed between IL-17 and IL-31 levels and urticaria activity in the patients (P < 0.05). Additionally, levels of IL-4 and IL-31 exhibited a positive association to QOL scores in the patients, with obvious differences (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: IL-4, IL-17, and IL-31 showed the strongest correlation with the severity of CSU, which may be attributed to their involvement in immune, inflammatory, and pruritic reactions, exacerbating the disease condition.
Metagenomic analysis of soil microbial characteristics associated with Poa alpigena Lindm. in Qinghai Lake Gangcha County
Authors: Dong Zhiqiang , Xu Xuewei , Wang Xia , Dong Nannan , Li Lingling , Chen Kelong , Cheng Cheng , Mao Yahui 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Qinghai Lake Basin serves as a pivotal aquatic ecosystem for upholding the ecological security of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, thereby carrying substantial significance for the conservation of this region's ecology. Poa alpigena Lindm., a prevalent and dominant grass species across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, plays a crucial role in soil and water conservation within the Qinghai Lake Basin. Soil microorganisms actively engage in root-soil interactions, exerting paramount influence on plant growth, health, and adaptability. In this study, we investigated the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of Poa tableland in the Gangcha region of Qinghai Lake. We examined the impact of Poa tableland on the composition and structure of soil microbial communities, while analyzing the diversity and disparities of microorganisms in these two soil types.The findings of this study indicate that the non-rhizosphere soil in the Gangcha region exhibits significantly higher microbial abundance and diversity compared to the rhizosphere soil. However, the proportions of dominant microorganisms show minimal variation between the two soil types. It is evident that the root system of Poa grass exerts a strong selective influence on the microbial assemblages in the soil environment. Analysis of KEGG metabolic pathways reveals notable enrichment of pathways related to photosynthesis and energy synthesis in the rhizosphere microbiota, whereas pathways associated with gene expression display significant enrichment in the non-rhizosphere soil microbiota. Moreover, the examination of dominant microorganisms across all soil samples reveals the presence of mutual inhibition or promotion relationships among different microbial taxa.
Performance of ChatGPT-4 and Bard Chatbots in Responding to Common Patient Questions on Prostate Cancer 177Lu-PSMA-617 Therapy
Authors: Bilgin Gokce Belge , Bilgin Cem , Childs Daniel S. , Orme Jacob J. , Burkett Brian J. , Packard Ann T. , Johnson Derek R. , Thorpe Matthew P. , Riaz Irbaz B. , Halfdanarson Thorvardur R. , Johnson Geoffrey B. , Sartor Oliver A. , Kendi Ayse T. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Many patients use artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots as a rapid source of health information. This raises important questions about the reliability and effectiveness of AI chatbots in delivering accurate and understandable information.
Purpose: To evaluate and compare the accuracy, conciseness, and readability of responses from OpenAI ChatGPT-4 and Google Bard to patient inquiries concerning the novel 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy for prostate cancer.
Materials and Methods: Two experts listed the 12 most commonly asked questions by patients on 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy. These twelve questions were prompted to OpenAI ChatGPT-4 and Google Bard. AI-generated responses were distributed using an online survey platform (Qualtrics) and blindly rated by eight experts. The performances of the AI chatbots were evaluated and compared across three domains: accuracy, conciseness, and readability. Additionally, potential safety concerns associated with AI-generated answers were also examined. The Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests were utilized to compare the performances of AI chatbots.
Results: Eight experts participated in the survey, evaluating 12 AI-generated responses across the three domains of accuracy, conciseness, and readability, resulting in 96 assessments (12 responses x 8 experts) for each domain per chatbot. ChatGPT-4 provided more accurate answers than Bard (2.95 ± 0.671 vs 2.73 ± 0.732, p=0.027). Bard's responses had better readability than ChatGPT-4 (2.79 ± 0.408 vs 2.94 ± 0.243, p=0.003). Both ChatGPT-4 and Bard achieved comparable conciseness scores (3.14 ± 0.659 vs 3.11 ± 0.679, p=0.798). Experts categorized the AI-generated responses as incorrect or partially correct at a rate of 16.6% for ChatGPT-4 and 29.1% for Bard. Bard's answers contained significantly more misleading information than those of ChatGPT-4 (p = 0.039).
Conclusion: AI chatbots have gained significant attention, and their performance is continuously improving. Nonetheless, these technologies still need further improvements to be considered reliable and credible sources for patients seeking medical information on 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy.