bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interglenoid tubercle of the atlas is ancestral to lissamphibians
Authors: Korneisel Dana E. , Hassan Sara , Maddin Hillary C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLissamphibians, represented today by frogs, salamanders, and caecilians, diverged deep in the tetrapod tree of life. Extensive morphological adaptations to disparate lifestyles have made linking extant lissamphibians to one another and to their extinct relatives difficult and controversial. However, the discovery of a feature on the atlas of the frog Xenopus laevis, may add to the small set of osteological traits that unite lissamphibians. In this study, we combine our observations of atlas development in X. laevis with a deep examination of atlantal interglenoid tubercle (TI) occurrence in fossil taxa. The TI is shown herein to occur transiently on the ossifying atlas of roughly one‐third of X. laevis tadpoles but is absent in adults of this species. In ancestral character state estimations (ACSE), within the evolutionary context of lissamphibians as dissorophoid temnospondyls, this feature is found to be ancestrally shared among lissamphibians, its presence is uncertain in stem batrachians, and then the TI is lost in extant caecilians and frogs. However, our data suggests apparent TI loss around the origin of frogs may be explained by its ontogenetically transient nature. The only nonamphibian tetrapods with a TI are “microsaurs,” and this similarity is interpreted as one of many convergences that resulted from convergent evolutionary processes that occurred in the evolution of “microsaurs” and lissamphibians. The TI is thus interpreted to be ancestral to lissamphibians as it is found to be present in some form throughout each extant lissamphibian clade's history.
Responses of soil microbial metabolic limitations to erosion under contrasting soil types and management practices
Authors: Rong Guohua , Zhu Hansong , Jiao Jintao , Gong Lin , Ni Erdong , Wu Hongyu , Ni Huaqian , Qiu Quan , Wei Xiaorong , Li Haiqiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSoil microbial metabolism plays an important role in supporting soil services and functionalities but is usually restricted by the availability of soil nutrients. Although soil microbial metabolism limitation (SMML) has been widely addressed with regard to various driving factors, its response to erosion has not been examined but is urgently needed given the important influence of erosion on global environments. To understand how erosion affects SMML and whether erosion's effect varies with tillage practices and soil types, we conducted a simulated erosion experiment to compare eroded and noneroded plots with contrasting soil types (Mollisol vs. loess soils) and managements (conventional tillage versus no‐tillage in plots with crops versus without crops). We measured soil extracellular enzymatic activities and quantified SMML with extracellular enzymatic stoichiometry models. In both soils, the microbes were limited by carbon (C) and phosphorus (P), but not by nitrogen, and microbial C and P limitations were greater in Mollisol than loess soils. For the Mollisol, erosion significantly increased the relative C limitation, whereas the presence of crops eliminated this increase. For the loess soils, erosion enhanced the relative C limitation regardless of crop presence and tillage management. Erosion consistently increased microbial P limitation in plots with crops, with greater effects under no‐tillage (+2.9%) compared to conventional tillage (+0.7%) conditions regardless of soil type (p < 0.05). In plots without crops, microbial P limitation was increased by erosion under no‐tillage (+2.1%) but was decreased under conventional tillage (−5.6%) (p < 0.05). Additionally, conventional tillage exacerbated microbial C limitation but alleviated microbial P limitation. These results indicated that erosion shifted microbial C and P limitations depending on soil type, tillage practice and the presence of plants, highlighting the importance of considering all these factors when assessing soil microbial metabolic limitation at various spatial scales.
Biodiversity: Net primary productivity relationships are eliminated by invasive species dominance
Authors: Wilsey Brian , Martin Leanne , Xu Xia , Isbell Forest , Polley H. Wayne 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExperiments often find that net primary productivity (NPP) increases with species richness when native species are considered. However, relationships may be altered by exotic (non‐native) species, which are hypothesized to reduce richness but increase productivity (i.e., ‘invasion‐diversity‐productivity paradox’). We compared richness‐NPP relationships using a comparison of exotic versus native‐dominated sites across the central USA, and two experiments under common environments. Aboveground NPP was measured using peak biomass clipping in all three studies, and belowground NPP was measured in one study with root ingrowth cores using root‐free soil. In all studies, there was a significantly positive relationship between NPP and richness across native species‐dominated sites and plots, but no relationship across exotic‐dominated ones. These results indicate that relationships between NPP and richness depend on whether native or exotic species are dominant, and that exotic species are ‘breaking the rules', altering richness‐productivity and richness‐C stock relationships after invasion.
Association of skeletal muscle function, quantity, and quality with gut microbiota in Japanese adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Iwasaka Chiharu , Nanri Hinako , Nakagata Takashi , Ohno Harumi , Tanisawa Kumpei , Konishi Kana , Murakami Haruka , Hosomi Koji , Park Jonguk , Yamada Yosuke , Ono Rei , Mizuguchi Kenji , Kunisawa Jun , Miyachi Motohiko 
Published: December 2023

AimThe gut microbiota has emerged as a new intervention target for sarcopenia. Prior studies in humans have focused on the association between gut microbiota and skeletal muscle quantity, while the evidence on muscle function and quality is lacking. This study aimed to identify gut microbiota genera associated with skeletal muscle function, quantity, and quality in a general population of Japanese adults.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 164 participants aged 35–80 years, women and men recruited from urban areas of Japan. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Skeletal muscle function was measured using handgrip strength and leg extension power (LEP), while skeletal muscle mass was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Phase angle was used as a measure of skeletal muscle quality. Multivariate linear regression analysis stratified by age group was used to examine the association between the dominant genera of the gut microbiota and skeletal muscle variables.ResultsA significant association was found between Bacteroides and Prevotella 9 with LEP only in the ≥60 years group. When both Bacteroides and Prevotella 9 were included in the same regression model, only Bacteroides remained consistently and significantly associated with LEP. No significant associations were observed between skeletal muscle mass, handgrip strength, and phase angle and major gut microbiota genera.ConclusionsIn this study, we observed a significant positive association between Bacteroides and leg muscle function in older adults. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking Bacteroides to lower‐extremity muscle function. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 53–60.
MOTHERS AND OTHERS IN FICTION BY SHARON DODUA OTOO AND OLIVIA WENZEL
Authors: Colvin Sarah 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTIn this article I argue that in recent novels by Sharon Dodua Otoo and Olivia Wenzel the trope of motherhood is engaged to evoke an emancipatory impulse that is paradoxically linked to acknowledging constraint or connectedness. Motherhood is an idea burdened by historical stereotypes, and I argue that Otoo and Wenzel use aesthetic means to subvert gendered and racialising mythologies and controlling assumptions about who can provide nurturing, reinscribing motherhood in ways that depart from Western expectations of an idealised one‐on‐one relation. Building on Michelle Wright's analysis of Black motherhood as a poetic trope of subversive agency, Theresa Washington's exploration of the West African concept of Ájè in African American women's writing, and Francine Wynn's conception of the chiastic mother‐infant relation, I suggest that Otoo and Wenzel show how the trope of motherhood can not only be subversive but (perhaps appropriately) epistemically generative. It can be read as a foundational image for a different epistemological discourse that does not depend on the mastery of difference.
Fabrication of ZTA crowns with simultaneously improved isotropy on mechanical property and surface quality by DLP
Authors: Zhou Shixiang , Zhang Sicai , Zhang Chen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractZirconia‐toughened alumina (ZTA) composite ceramics show great potential for use in dental repair applications due to their unique properties. Complex‐shaped ZTA all‐porcelain crowns can be accurately fabricated using digital light processing (DLP) technology. However, effectively controlling both the anisotropy on mechanical property and surface quality of ZTA composites shaped by DLP remains a critical challenge that requires further research and innovation. In this work, we propose an efficient method to synchronously enhance the isotropy on mechanical performance and surface quality of DLP formed ZTA all‐porcelain crowns by controlling contents of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powders. When enhancing contents of YSZ from 5 to 20 wt%, multilayer microstructure with obvious interlayer gaps transformed into uniform microstructure with strong interlayer bonding, and the smaller alumina grain was observed on the stair‐stepping microstructure. Finally, the ZTA composites exhibited flexural and comprehensive strength as high as 640.3 and 6.9 MPa, and dimensional precision as low as 37.5 and 43.5 μm on top and side surface, together with simultaneously enhanced isotropy on mechanical property and surface quality, well satisfying the demands for all‐porcelain crowns fabricating. This study provides thorough understandings on isotropy regulating of DLP‐shaped ZTA all‐porcelain crowns with excellent mechanical performance and surface quality.
Handedness as a major determinant of lateral bias in human functional cradling
Authors: van der Meer Audrey L. H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStudies examining infant cradling have almost uniformly concluded with a general human left‐side bias for cradling, indicating that people prefer to hold an infant to the left of their body. Explanations for the notion of the left‐side cradling bias have traditionally been searched for in a variety of factors, for example, in terms of maternal heartbeat, genetic factors, in the form of an ear asymmetry where auditory information is perceived faster through the left ear, as a result of a right hemispheric functional specialization for perception of emotions and faces, and in identifying a motor bias of the infant, such as the tendency of newborn infants to lie with the face to the right when placed supine. Interestingly, handedness is generally considered an inadequate explanation for the lateralized cradling bias, despite it being an intuitively plausible one. In this brief review, I put forward the cradler's handedness as the most convincing and elegant determinant of the cradling bias. This explanation is consistent with a developmental cascades' framework where the cradling bias can be understood as the result of a multitude of factors across a range of levels and systems.
Effect of the template particles size on structure and piezoelectric properties of 〈0 0 1〉‐textured BNT‐based ceramics
Authors: Li Hongtao , Huang Rongxia , Lin Hua‐Tay , Du Zuchao , Dai Yejing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis research investigated the effect of Bi4Ti3O12 (BiT) template particles size on the structure and piezoelectric properties of 〈001〉‐textured (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BNT)‐based lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics. Results of X‐ray diffractometer analyses and scanning electron microscopy observations showed that high purity BiT template particles could be obtained with the KCl as the molten salt system. Highly 〈001〉‐textured (~87%) BNT‐based ceramics prepared with large size BiT templates (7.75 µm) exhibited a high inverse piezoelectric constant d33* (1100 pm/N), which was ∼3.38‐fold larger than that with 1.91 µm (325 pm/N). In addition, we have found that too small the template size can make it difficult to align the orientation of the template during the casting process, whereas too large the size can create problems such as too much hysteresis (∆S/Smax = 67%). This study has demonstrated that the use of high purity large size BiT template particles could provide a feasible route to fabricate BNT‐based textured ceramics with desired electro‐strain properties.
Use and perceived utility of [18F]FDG PET/CT in neuroendocrine neoplasms: A consensus report from the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) Advisory Board Meeting 2022
Authors: Ambrosini Valentina , Caplin Martyn , Castaño Justo P. , Christ Emanuel , Denecke Timm , Deroose Christophe M. , Dromain Clarisse , Falconi Massimo , Grozinsky‐Glasberg Simona , Hicks Rodney J. , Hofland Johannes , Kjaer Andreas , Knigge Ulrich Peter , Kos‐Kudla Beata , Koumarianou Anna , Krishna Balkundi , Lamarca Angela , Pavel Marianne , Reed Nicholas Simon , Scarpa Aldo , Srirajaskanthan Rajaventhan , Sundin Anders , Toumpanakis Christos , Prasad Vikas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSomatostatin receptor (SST) PET/CT is the gold standard for well‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (NET) imaging. Higher grades of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) show preferential [18F]FDG (FDG) uptake, and even low‐grade NET may de‐differentiate over time. FDG PET/CT's prognostic role is widely accepted; however, its impact on clinical decision‐making remains controversial and its use varies widely. A questionnaire‐based survey on FDG PET/CT use and perceived decision‐making utility in NEN was submitted to the ENETS Advisory Board Meeting attendees (November 2022, response rate = 70%). In 3/15 statements, agreement was higher than 75%: (i) FDG was considered useful in NET, irrespective of grade, in case of mis‐matched lesions (detectable on diagnostic CT but negative/faintly positive on SST PET/CT), especially if PRRT is contemplated (80%); (ii) in NET G3 if curative surgery is considered (82%); and (iii) in NEC prior to surgery with curative intent (98%). FDG use in NET G3, even in the presence of matched lesions, as a baseline for response assessment was favoured by 74%. Four statements obtained more than 60% consensus: (i) FDG use in NET G3 if locoregional therapy is considered (65%); (ii) in neuroendocrine carcinoma before initiating active therapy as a baseline for response assessment (61%); (iii) biopsy to re‐assess tumour grade prior to a change in therapeutic management (68%) upon detection of FDG‐positivity on the background of a prior G1‐2 NET; (iv) 67% were in favour to reconsider PRRT to treat residual SST‐positive lesions after achieving complete remission on FDG of the SST‐negative disease component. Multidisciplinary opinion broadly supports the use of FDG PET/CT for characterisation of disease biology and to guide treatment selection across a range of indications, despite the lack of full consensus in many situations. This may reflect existing clinical access due to lack of reimbursement or experience with this investigation, which should be addressed by further research.
COVID‐19 School Closures: Disruptions in School‐Based Support Services and Socioemotional Loss Among Middle School Students
Authors: Bates Samantha , Harrell Danielle R. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn the United States (U.S.), 77% of school district leaders reported that their students had fallen behind in their social‐emotional development due to COVID‐19 school closures. Although research has measured indicators of social‐emotional well‐being from the perspective of other informants, little is known about student perceptions of perceived changes in their socioemotional competencies and, to a lesser degree, their nonacademic needs.AIMSThe current study examined middle school students' nonacademic needs, perceptions of socioemotional competencies, and predictors of “socioemotional loss.”MATERIALS & METHODSThe authors utilized secondary data from 395 middle school students gathered in August 2020 and November 2020 in one large middle school in the southern region of the U.S. Multivariate and linear regression analyses explored students' nonacademic needs, assessed changes in perceptions of their socioemotional competencies over time, and identified predictors of “socioemotional loss” during the “return to learn” period.RESULTSOur findings indicated that 3% to 14% of students reported nonacademic needs, with the greatest needs related to food, housing, and healthcare. Further, 48% of students reported perceived losses in their socioemotional competencies, and students formerly receiving school‐based support services were those most affected (71% vs. 46%, p = .01). Among the subgroup reporting losses, living in a single‐parent household significantly predicted socioemotional loss (β = −.16, p = .02).DISCUSSIONSchool‐based practitioners, including educators, policymakers, social workers, and mental health providers, can utilize these findings to deliver interventions to students that experienced hardships during the pandemic.CONCLUSIONResponding to these risks will be critical as schools adapt and intervene in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic.
3‐D geophysical modeling of a buried, simple impact crater: Holleford impact structure, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Armour Mary‐Helen , Boyce Joseph I. , Shulman Zackary , Zilkey David R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHolleford Crater is a deeply buried, 2.35 km diameter late Proterozoic‐early Cambrian (550 ± 50 Ma) simple impact crater located in southeastern Ontario, Canada. Exploration drilling in the 1950–60s indicated a >450 m deep, simple impact structure with an infill stratigraphy of Cambro‐Ordovician clastic and carbonate sediments and a −2.2 mGal gravity anomaly. We conducted new ground‐based geophysical surveys (magnetics, gravity) and potential field modeling to better resolve the buried impact structure depth, subsurface geometry, and postimpact modification. Geophysical surveys reveal a well‐defined ~3 mGal Bouguer gravity low and <20 nT residual magnetic anomaly over the crater basin. The lack of a well‐defined magnetic anomaly is due to the low magnetic contrast between Mesoproterozoic metasedimentary target rocks and Paleozoic infill sediments. The modeled basement surface shows a deeply buried (>400 m), eroded simple impact structure with a rim‐to‐rim diameter (D) of 1.8–2 km, a residual rim height of about 30 m and a true depth (dt) >400 m. The modeled diameter is smaller than the previous estimate (2.35 km) based on the surface outcrop pattern of Paleozoic strata, which overestimates the buried impact structure dimensions. The modeled basement surface identifies a rim breach and a possible fluvial outflow channel in the southeast impact structure rim. The channel is up to 150 m deep and 400 m in width and has morphology similar to outlet channels produced by fluvial rim dissection of terrestrial impact structures and “tadpole craters” on Mars.
Generating network representations of small‐scale infrastructure using generally available data
Authors: Dunton Aaron , Gardoni Paolo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRisk analysis (including resilience analysis) of infrastructure requires models that describe the connection of components and subsequent flow dynamics. However, the detailed information needed to define these models may not be available, especially for small‐scale infrastructure that connect to every building. In this paper, we generate location‐specific small‐scale networks using detailed data that should always be available. We propose a general framework where we generate the network topology, we estimate the resource demand at each building, and we design the network components to meet the demands. This general framework is applicable to all types of infrastructure, but many procedures are specific to the type of network being generated. This paper develops the necessary procedures to generate sewer networks and illustrates the usage for an example network in a small study area in Seaside, Oregon. The proposed sewer network generator produces realistic sewer networks as compared to the real network of Seaside.
The effect of thiazolidinediones on body fat redistribution in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Fang , Pan Xiaohui , Zhang Xinyue , Tong Nanwei 
Published: December 2023

SummaryVisceral adiposity is a strong predictor of cardiometabolic risk. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are associated with a shift in fat redistribution from visceral adipose tissue (VAT) to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). We aimed to compare the effects of TZD and other interventions on fat remodeling in adults in randomized controlled trials. Among the 1331 retrieved studies, 39 trials with 1765 participants were included in the meta‐analysis. The standardized mean difference in VAT change was not significantly different between TZD and comparators across the overall studies. Intriguingly, TZD treatment resulted in significant decreases in VAT compared with placebo and sulfonylureas (p < 0.05), although recombinant human growth hormone was superior to TZD regarding VAT reduction (p < 0.05). Data from 216 participants showed TZD leading to a greater reduction in liver fat percentage than comparators (p < 0.05). Compared with the controls, TZD significantly increased SAT, total body fat, weight, waist circumference, and body mass index (p < 0.05). However, TZD pronouncedly improved glucose control, insulin resistance, adiponectin, and lipid profile (p < 0.05). TZD provides a favorable effect on fat redistribution and benefits insulin sensitivity, suggesting a potentially valuable approach in cardiometabolic risk management.
Dupilumab‐induced psoriasiform dermatitis in two pediatric cardiac transplant patients
Authors: Lockard Trevor , Mullen Sarah A. , Lee Erica B. , Niebur Hana , Harter Nicole 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDupilumab is an interleukin‐4 receptor antagonist important in the treatment of refractory atopic dermatitis (AD), particularly among pediatric patients. Two boys with a history of AD and cardiac transplant who developed psoriasiform dermatitis in response to dupilumab therapy are reported. These patients paradoxically developed an immune‐mediated adverse drug reaction despite taking systemic immunosuppressive agents. While the literature suggests possible pathomechanisms for psoriasiform dermatitis despite immunosuppression, further research is necessary to better characterize this unique and unexpected phenomenon.