bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological prognostic factors and impact of surgical treatment of mass‐forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Suzuki Shohachi , Sakaguchi Takanori , Yokoi Yoshihiro , Okamoto Kazuya , Kurachi Kiyotaka , Tsuchiya Yasuo , Okumura Takuya , Konno Hiroyuki , Baba Satoshi , Nakamura Satoshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe clinicopathological characteristics relevant to prognosis after surgical treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remain unclear. In this study, the clinicopathological features of 19 patients with mass‐forming ICC, the most common form of the disease, were reviewed to analyze prognostic determinants. Two or more segmentectomies of the liver with systematic lymphadenectomy were performed in 18 patients. Resection of the extrahepatic bile duct was performed in 14 patients, and reconstruction of the portal vein was accomplished in 5 patients. Stage IVA or IVB tumors were seen in 13 patients, and lymph node (LN) metastasis was present in 14 patients. The estimated 5‐year survival rate after surgery for mass‐forming ICC was 28%, with median survival time of 18 months. In univariate analysis, five variables were determined to be significantly correlated with poor survival of patients with mass‐forming ICC after surgery. These variables include mass‐forming ICC with periductal infiltration, perineural invasion, portal vein invasion, presence of intrahepatic metastasis, and two or more LN metastases. Survival rates of 5 patients without LN metastasis and 6 patients with a single LN metastasis were 80% and 33% at 5 years, respectively, while 8 patients with two or more LN metastasis failed to survive beyond 2 years. Multivariate analysis revealed the presence of intrahepatic metastasis to be an independent prognostic factor of poor survival. Hepatectomy with resection of the extrahepatic bile duct and systematic lymphadenectomy yields a good chance for prolonged survival for patients with mass‐forming ICC when the lesion is singular and LN metastasis is limited to a regional LN. Because the presence of intrahepatic metastasis was closely related to a poor prognosis in patients with mass‐forming ICC, efficacious chemotherapy would be needed to control development of the lesion.
Signal‐detection models as tools for interpreting judgements of recollections
Authors: Hirshman Elliot , Lanning Kristi , Master Susan , Henzler Amanda 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper considers how the two‐criterion signal‐detection model can be used to interpret judgements of recollection from the remember–know paradigm. We propose that, among other uses, the model can be applied to discriminate results that provide strong evidence for the influence of multiple memory processes from results that are merely consistent with the assumption of such influences. The specific logic motivating this approach is that results falsifying the two‐criterion signal‐detection model provide strong evidence for the influence of multiple‐memory processes on judgements of recollection. We believe that focusing theory construction on results that provide strong evidence of multiple memory processes will lead to the construction of coherent, parsimonious models of the relationship between memory processes and consciousness. We review recent papers by Conway and Dewhurst (1995), Hirshman and Lanning (1999), and Conway et al. (2001) to provide examples of the usefulness of using the two‐criterion signal‐detection model. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Domain specificity of spatial expertise: the case of video game players
Authors: Sims Valerie K. , Mayer Richard E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTwo experiments examined whether video game expertise transfers to performance on measures of spatial ability. In Experiment 1, skilled Tetris players outperformed non‐Tetris players on mental rotation of shapes that were either identical to or very similar to Tetris shapes, but not on other tests of spatial ability. The pattern of performance on those mental rotation tasks revealed that skilled Tetris Players used the same mental rotation procedures as non‐Tetris players, but when Tetris shapes were used, they executed them more quickly. In Experiment 2, non‐Tetris players who received 12 hours of Tetris‐playing experience did not differ from matched control students in pretest‐to‐posttest gains on tests of spatial ability. However, Tetris‐experienced participants were more likely to use an alternative type of mental rotation for Tetris shapes than were Tetris‐inexperienced participants. The results suggest that spatial expertise is highly domain‐specific and does not transfer broadly to other domains. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of drawings as concrete referents in conditional reasoning problems
Authors: Nelson R.D. , Hannan A.J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA mixed group containing university students, mostly studying mathematics, and some senior school pupils took two paper‐and‐pencil conditional reasoning tests in varying order with a one‐week interval between the tests. One test consisted of five problems presented entirely in written form. The second test took one of two forms, both identical to the first test except that in the first form inessential drawings were added to the presentation of four of the problems and in the second form drawings, which acted as concrete referents and were essential, were added to the same four problems. Irrespective of the order of testing, subjects' performance on the problems with drawings used as concrete referents was significantly worse than on the corresponding problems presented in written form. Furthermore, the results of the initial testing session showed the school group performed significantly worse on both the form of test with inessential drawings and the form with concrete referents than on the written form. In addition, a group of students with recent training in reasoning significantly outperformed all others. Finally, negative conclusion bias was only observed for the Modus Tollens inference. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A test of foreign language acquisition: paired‐association learning
Authors: Krug Kevin , Shafer Ted , Dardick William , Magalis Chris , Parenté Rick 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis experiment investigated college student difficulties with foreign language acquisition. We developed a word‐sound, paired‐associates learning test that discriminated 92% of the control participants and 95% of the experimental participants. The results are interpreted in terms of an associative model of foreign language learning disability. We discuss how to integrate the test into a larger diagnostic battery for predicting the facility with which a person will be able to learn a foreign language. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interviewing techniques and the assessment of statement credibility
Authors: Colwell Kevin , Hiscock Cheryl K. , Memon Amina 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe objective of this study is the development of an applicable comprehensive questioning and statement analysis procedure. One hundred and thirty‐six male residents of the Wynne Unit of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice—Institutional Division (TDCJ—ID) witnessed a staged theft, and provided testimony. Interview formats followed semi‐standardized scripts derived from Structured Interview, Inferential Interview and Cognitive Interview techniques. Participants were randomly assigned to one of six experimental conditions in a 2(honesty of reporting) × 3(interview technique) matrix. Results found a 62% classification accuracy for the Structured Interview, 68% for the Cognitive Interview and 82% for the Inferential Interview, when comparisons were made between treatment phases of each interview condition. When responses given to each interview segment were analysed, 83% of the Structured Interview transcripts were correctly identified, as were 91% of the Inferential and 92.9% of the Cognitive Interview statements. The desire to prevaricate while escaping detection produced statements which were systematically different from honest reporting, as seen in the variables of coherence, response length, type‐token ratio, and verbal hedges. These results indicate a potential forensic utility for strategies which attempt to detect deception through a combination of qualitative and quantitative statement characteristics, and underscore the need for systematic, question‐by‐question analysis of eyewitness statements. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Planning over the day span: memory for the content of plans
Authors: Watanabe Hama , Kawaguchi Jun 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of the time of day on memory for the content of plans, and to examine the influence of knowledge of daily activities on it. Twenty‐four undergraduates participated as subjects in the experiment. Participants were told to memorize 24 plans of one day (e.g. ‘13:00’, ‘making a telephone call’), and were then asked to recall them in the test phase. Furthermore, we tried to explore their knowledge of everyday activities using a questionnaire. The result showed that plans of night, morning, and evening were recalled better than that of afternoon. This result was explained by the notion that knowledge of one's personal daily activities might affect memory of plans. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Notetaking in non‐academic settings: a review
Authors: Hartley James 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThere is considerable research on notetaking in academic settings but relatively little of it in non‐academic ones. This paper reviews the effects of notetaking in legal situations, counselling and interviewing, and assesses the usefulness of notetaking as a memory aid for older people and as a prospective memory device for brain‐injured persons. The results suggest that: notetaking has no significant effect on recall in ‘real‐life’ jury situations; there is some evidence that notetaking by counsellors in counselling sessions might be harmful for clients; there is some evidence that notetaking in interviews can reduce bias in decision making; there is some evidence that notetaking is helpful for older persons; and that too little research has been conducted on the use of notetaking as a device for aiding the prospective memory for brain‐injured persons to reach any firm conclusions. The general limitations of the research are reviewed and implications for future work considered. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variation of PDGF, TGFβ, and bFGF levels in essential thrombocythemia patients treated with anagrelide
Authors: Lev P.R. , Marta R.F. , Vassallu P. , Molinas F.C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe studied 15 patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) before treatment and after normalization of platelet count by anagrelide. Significantly increased plasma levels of PDGF, TGFβ, and bFGF were found. Patients with mild reticulin fibrosis in bone marrow had higher PDGF levels. During treatment, plasma TGFβ and bFGF levels remained elevated in most patients (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01, respectively). Intraplatelet PDGF levels were low before treatment (P < 0.006) and normal on hematological remission, without relation with the presence or absence of reticulin fibrosis in bone marrow. Intraplatelet TGFβ levels were normal regardless of the platelet count. Intraplatelet bFGF levels were raised before (P < 0.001) and during treatment (P < 0.01). By immunostaining, TGFβ and bFGF were seen in megakaryocytes and lymphocytes with a similar pattern of intensity in patients and controls, suggesting that other cells might also contribute to the raised plasma values. We believe that the plasma increment of these cytokines suggests that they play a role in the pathogenesis of ET. The normal PDGF plasma level found during treatment may be in relation with the platelet count. However, the persistent increase of TGF‐β in plasma and bFGF both in plasma and platelets may indicate dysregulation of cytokine synthesis in TE. Am. J. Hematol. 70:85–91, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A reliable plasma marker of platelet activation: Does it exist?
Authors: Gurney David , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Blann Andrew D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDespite the clear importance of the platelet in various conditions and diseases, there are few opportunities to assess the physiological and pathological functions of this cell. Those without access to a flow cytometer or platelet aggregometer rely on secreted or release products of the platelet. Principle among these molecules are alpha granule components beta thromboglobulin and platelet factor four, and membrane constituents such as P selectin, gpV and glycocalicin. However, notwithstanding the ease of measurement of these markers (i.e., by ELISA) each one has its own particular disadvantage, mostly of methodology and specificity. Nevertheless, if our goal is to improve our ability to recognize and treat subjects with thrombotic disorders, then additional studies on these molecules may prove to be a sound investment. Am. J. Hematol. 70:139–144, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of hereditary thrombophilia in patients with thrombosis in different venous systems
Authors: Bombeli Thomas , Basic Adila , Fehr Joerg 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe prevalence of hereditary thrombophilia is well known in patients with lower‐extremity thrombosis but only poorly studied in patients with thrombosis at unusual sites. Consequently, it is still unclear whether such patients should generally be screened for hereditary thrombophilia. We retrospectively analyzed 260 patients with thrombosis at unusual sites including thrombosis in portal, cerebral, retinal, and upper‐extremity veins with respect to the prevalence of FV Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, protein C, protein S, and antithrombin deficiency. In addition, all thrombotic episodes were analyzed for circumstantial risk factors. Used as controls, healthy volunteers (120) and patients with lower‐extremity thrombosis (292) showed overall prevalence of hereditary thrombophilia of 9.1% and 39.0%, respectively. The corresponding numbers were 33.3%, 34.3%, and 39.0% in patients with portal vein, upper‐extremity, and lower‐extremity thrombosis, respectively. In patients with cerebral vein thrombosis, however, the prevalence was significantly lower (23.5%). Patients with retinal vein occlusion did not show an increased frequency of thrombophilia at all (5.9%). In all five groups FV Leiden was by far the most frequent defect (4.4–27.1%), while prothrombin G20210A occurred rarer (2.5–7.6%). Protein C, protein S, and antithrombin deficiency were much less prevalent (0–3.1%) except for patients with portal vein thrombosis (4.8–7.1%). Compared to healthy individuals, the relative risk of thrombosis was 4.3 (2.2–8.1), 3.8 (1.8–7.7), 2.5 (1.0–6.1), 3.7 (1.5–8.6), and 0.6 (0.2–2.1) for patients with lower‐extremity, upper‐extremity, cerebral vein, portal vein, and retinal vein thrombosis, respectively. Circumstantial risk factors were more frequent in patients without than with hereditary thrombophilia and were found most often in patients with upper‐extremity thrombosis. In each group the most frequent circumstantial risk factor was different. However, oral contraceptives and cancer were found in all five groups. In conclusion, independent upon the presence of circumstantial risk factors, screening for hereditary thrombophilia is warranted in all patients with thrombosis at unusual sites except in those with retinal vein occlusion. Am. J. Hematol. 70:126–132, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testing strategies for diagnosing lupus anticoagulant: Decision analysis
Authors: Segal Jodi B. , Lehmann Harold P. , Petri Michelle , Mueller Lori , Kickler Thomas S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractClinicians commonly evaluate patients with thrombosis or a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) for the presence of a lupus anticoagulant (LA). We evaluated strategies for detecting LA, in three clinical settings, with decision‐modeling techniques. A decision tree was constructed with 12 strategies, using a combination of aPTT and dilute Russell viper venom times (dRVVT) with confirmatory tests, tissue thromboplastin time (TTI), platelet neutralization procedures, and mixing studies. Probabilities and costs of adverse events and test costs were obtained from the literature. Patient preference for each strategy was evaluated by assigning utilities to each outcome. On the basis of assay results in 90 healthy people and 77 patients, we calculated sensitivities and specificities for each strategy, with true positives defined as suggested by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. The least costly strategy for evaluation of patients with a prolonged aPTT, or with thrombosis, is not to test and to assume that LA is absent. For patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), it is least expensive not to test, although testing with TTI alone can also be considered an efficient strategy. The strategy of highest utility to patients with SLE is testing with TTI, followed by dRVVT. On the basis of these cost and utility results, clinicians' strategies for detecting LA may need modification. These strategies would then optimally be tested in clinical trials. Am. J. Hematol. 70:195–205, 2002. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase II trial of sequential therapy with fludarabine followed by cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine, and prednisone for low‐grade follicular lymphomas
Authors: Rohatgi Nitin , LaRocca Renato V. , Bard Vanessa , Sethuraman Gopalan , Foon Kenneth A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAdvanced follicular lymphomas, grades I and II, are indolent tumors but are not considered curable with standard therapy. Fludarabine has the highest single‐agent response rates in this disease. However, fludarabine‐based combination chemotherapy regimens have been associated with significant myelotoxicity. Data exist suggesting that the best way to combine partially non‐cross‐resistant agents may be to use them sequentially. Patients with bulky stage II, stage III, or stage IV follicular lymphoma (grade I or II) were entered on this protocol. Patients were treated with 3 cycles of fludarabine followed by 6–8 cycles of cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine, and prednisone (CNOP). Response was assessed after the 3rd cycle of fludarabine and after the 4th, 6th, and 8th cycles of CNOP. Twenty‐seven patients were entered on the protocol. Median follow‐up was 50 months. Eighteen patients (67%) attained a complete response (CR), and eight patients (30%) attained a partial response (PR), for an overall response rate of 97%. Median relapse‐free survival was 34 months, and median overall survival was not reached for the entire cohort. While all patients who achieved only PR progressed, more than half of those in CR remain free of progression at 39–84 months of follow‐up. The regimen was well tolerated. The sequential combination of fludarabine and CNOP appears to be active and well tolerated in patients with grade I and II follicular lymphoma. Patients who achieve CR fare best, and many remain disease‐free long term. While these results are encouraging, the addition of other active agents such as rituximab to this regimen may further enhance efficacy and is under investigation. Am. J. Hematol. 70:181–185, 2002.© 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcome in hemoglobin SC disease: A four‐decade observational study of clinical, hematologic, and genetic factors
Authors: Powars Darleen R. , Hiti Alan , Ramicone Emily , Johnson Cage , Chan Linda 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOver the past 40 years, we observed 284 subjects with hemoglobin SC disease (Hb SC) for 2,837 person‐years. We examined the association of the course of clinical events with hematologic and genetic factors. The mean entry age was 21 years, although 15% entered before one year of age. The mean Hb concentration was 11.3 g/dL, the mean fetal hemoglobin was 2.5%, and the mean MCV was 84.4 fL. Twenty‐five subjects died at a median age of 37 years. Chronic organ‐specific complications occurred in 112 subjects (39.4%), with advanced retinopathy in 65 subjects (22.9%) and osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis) in 42 subjects (14.8%). We identified the β‐globin haplotypes in 82 subjects and the α‐gene status in 79. Twenty‐nine percent had α‐thalassemia‐2. The βCI haplotype was present in 85.4%. We found a decreased incidence of retinopathy in the βCI subjects compared to the non‐βCI subjects (33% vs. 67%; P = 0.049) with a later mean onset age (29 years vs. 21 years; log‐rank test, P= 0.026). We also found a consistent pattern of decreased morbidity in subjects who had α‐thalassemia‐2 in comparison to those who did not. We found a reduced risk of chronic organ‐specific complications (log‐rank test, P= 0.003), lower incidence of sickle crisis (48% vs. 80%, P= 0.001), later onset of gallbladder disease (age of onset: 55 years vs. 34 years; P= 0.055), and lower risk of osteonecrosis (log‐rank test, P= 0.024). Our findings suggest that Hb SC subjects who have not inherited α‐thalassemia‐2 might benefit from erythrocyte rehydration therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 70:206–215, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New method to measure minisatellite variant repeat variation in population genetic studies
Authors: Brión M. , Cao R. , Salas A. , Lareu M.V. , Carracedo A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe classical analysis of minisatellite variant repeat (MVR) variation using modular structures is limited by the lack of knowledge of the mutational process involved in the evolution of most of the minisatellites. In this study a new method to measure MVR variation and to calculate genetic distances using MVR codes is proposed. The method is based on the statistical similarity of MVR patterns and considers the complete variability of the minisatellite, enabling meaningful comparisons of closely related populations. As an example, the method has been applied to analyze variation in MSY1 (DYF155S1) in five sets of data from European and North African populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:421–428, 2002.
Occupational burns from oxygen resuscitator fires: The hazard of aluminum regulators
Authors: Hodous Thomas K. , Washenitz Frank , Newton Barry 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundThere have been over 30 incidents of oxygen resuscitator fires over the last 6 years, causing severe burns to a number of fire fighters, emergency medical service personnel, health care workers, and patients. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) was requested to investigate three such incidents.MethodsNIOSH conducted site investigations of the incidents, and the requesters also sent the involved oxygen resuscitators to a forensic engineering company for a causal analysis.ResultsThe investigated fires were associated with aluminum regulators, all from one manufacturer, on compressed pure oxygen cylinders. The investigations indicated that the cause of the fires was an initial small ignition in the high‐pressure area of the aluminum regulator, which then consumed itself in a massive burnout.ConclusionsAluminum regulators used with high‐pressure oxygen systems are subject to rare, but potentially catastrophic combustion in normal use. Replacement of such regulators with those made of more fire‐resistant materials or designs, as well as education and improved safety practices are needed to reduce this hazard. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:63–69, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.