bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupling coordination analysis between urbanization and ecology in Iran
Authors: Aghajani Hossein , Sarkari Farnaz , Borhani Mahdis 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe coordinated development of urbanization and ecology is essential to regional sustainable development. Harmonized development of both urbanization and ecology relies heavily on understanding the relationship between them. Infrastructure and urbanization have grown exponentially in Iran over the recent decades regardless of environmental resources, leaving many adverse ecological impacts and severe threats to sustainable development. The aforementioned highlights the prominence of developing systems measuring the level of such coordination between urban development and ecological state across the country to identify the regions suffering from unbalanced development and compile sustainable development strategies. The present study thus aims to propose a comprehensive index system of urbanization and ecology, integrating the coupling coordination degree (CCD) model and partitioning method to evaluate the coupling interactions of urbanization and ecology in dual pressure zones (DPZ), urbanization backward zones (UBZ), ecology crisis zones (ECZ), and coordinated development zones (CDZ) in Iranian provinces over 2015–2020. Results indicated that: (1) urbanization and ecology levels declined in most provinces over the studied period. The urbanization level was revealed to be highly correlated with population. (2) The degree of coordination fluctuated from 2015 to 2020 and dropped by one level in 74% of the provinces during the period of study. 3) CCD ranged between 0.23 and 0.63 over the entire period, while most provinces were classified into the imminent imbalance category every year. 4) Most provinces were categorized into UBZ and ECZ. Overall CCD was revealed to be highest in CDZ, followed by UBZ, ECZ, and DPZ, respectively.
Parental Educational Attainment and Child Labor: Evidence From Malawi
Authors: Abaidoo Eric 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper examines child labor response to parental education. Prior studies present anecdotal evidence with a causal interpretation of this relationship rarely explored. Hence, conditional on a range of parental characteristics and multigenerational co-residence, I use as a set of instruments grandparents’ educational attainment to exploit plausibly exogenous variation in parents’ schooling. I generally find evidence of a negative parental education impact on child labor outcomes. The effect of maternal education on household farm work, however, is not significant. With respect to potential mechanisms, the results suggest that engagement in nonfarm employment pursuits among educated parents may mediate these effects.
Juvenile Competency Complications: Protocol, Unmet Needs, Developmental Immaturity, FASD, and Comorbidity
Authors: Katner David R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis Article focuses on unifying the protocol for state competency evaluations, but with special concerns about undiagnosed FASD and developmental immaturity in adolescents. States do not mandate any process whereby psychometric tests are first performed prior to psychiatric mental status evaluations, often causing disparities in evaluations which might easily be avoided in court proceedings. Adding to the complications in current competency evaluations are recent studies from Canada and Australia identifying exceptionally high rates of FASD in incarcerated adolescents following multi-disciplinary teams’ studies directed at identifying FASD. If these studies’ rates of FASD turn out to be similar for children in the U.S. juvenile justice system, then systemic reform is called for as we are failing to identify this congenital condition when adolescents enter the system and then continue on into the adult criminal system without recognition of their prenatal exposure to alcohol.
The Right to Construct Yourself and Your Identity: The Current Human Rights Law Framework Falls Short in Practice in the Face of Illegitimate Interference to the Mind
Authors: Yildirim-Vranckaert Emine Ozge 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPropaganda and manipulation have long been employed to influence and shape individuals’ thoughts and identities. In the advent of the digital era, these techniques have become more sophisticated and invasive, and are utilized to further various causes. This article investigates the extent to which international human rights law affords protection against manipulation techniques such as microtargeting and behavioral reading, which can negatively impact individuals’ mental health and autonomy by threatening their right to construct their own identity. The right to freedom of thought in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 18), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Article 18), and the European Convention on Human Rights (Article 9) offers absolute protection to individuals’ inner selves and covers the protection against manipulation on paper. However, in practice, the right has not received much attention and has not reached its full potential due to its abstract and ambiguous nature. This Article analyzes the preparatory works of these human rights law instruments, with a particular focus on the right to freedom of thought, to clarify its origins and the intention behind its creation. The Article contends that the historical origins of the right do not provide sufficient answers to the current issue and contribute to the ineffective application of the right against emerging manipulative practices. The Article also proposes potential ways to clarify and strengthen the legal framework related to the right to freedom of thought.
Detection of invasive Bartonella infections with next-generation sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA
Authors: Centeno Fernando H , Hamdi Ahmed M. , Lasco Todd M. , Al Mohajer Mayar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We report 9 patients with invasive Bartonella infections, including 5 with endocarditis, who were diagnosed with microbial cell-free DNA next-generation sequencing and Bartonella serology studies. Diagnosis with plasma mcfDNA NGS enabled a faster clinical and laboratory diagnosis in 8 patients. Prompt diagnosis impacted antibiotic management in all 9 patients.
Is the coastal future green, grey or hybrid? Diverse perspectives on coastal flood risk management and adaptation in the UK
Authors: Apine Elina , Stojanovic Tim 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Climate change-induced sea level rise has exacerbated coastal change putting millions of people at risk from coastal hazards, such as flooding and coastal erosion. Nature-based solutions have been recognised as an opportunity to simultaneously address the coastal hazard risks and achieve biodiversity goals. While such solutions are included in climate adaptation strategies, “hard” engineered solutions are still often preferred by those implementing the schemes. We sought to explore the diverse perspectives on UK coastal flood risk management among interested and/or affected groups by utilising the Q-methodology. We identified five perspectives: (1) The Pro-Green Practitioners; (2) The Future-Planning Relocators; (3) The Case-by-Case Thinkers; (4) The Cautious Practitioners and (5) The Climate Change Concerned. All five perspectives strongly valued the co-benefits of nature-based solutions and their role in coastal risk reduction. None of the perspectives prioritised hard-engineered solutions as the primary flood protection strategy in the UK, though they recognised their role in protecting essential infrastructure. The main disagreements between perspectives were (1) on the need for relocation strategies, and (2) whether nature-based solutions could cause social inequalities. The Q-methodology does not identify how prevalent such perspectives are, thus further research is needed to assess the social acceptance of nature-based solutions.
Decentralized crowdsourcing medical data sharing platform to obtain chronological rare data
Authors: Behfar Stefan Kambiz , Crowcroft Jon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Researchers have encountered many issues while studying rare illnesses such as lack of information, limited sample sizes, difficulty in diagnosis, and more. However, perhaps the biggest challenge is to recruit a large enough sample size for clinical studies; at the same time, obtaining chronological data for these patients is even more difficult. This has urged us to implement a decentralized crowdsourcing medical data sharing platform to obtain chronological rare data for certain diseases, providing both patients and other stakeholders an easier and more secure way of trading medical data by utilizing blockchain technology. This facilitates the obtention of the most elusive types of health data by dynamically allocating extra financial incentives depending on data scarcity. We also provide a novel framework for medical data cross-validation where the system checks the volunteer reviewer count. The review score depends on the count, and the more the reviewers, the bigger the final score. We also explain how differential privacy is used to protect the privacy of individual medical data while enabling data monetization.
Identifying compound weather drivers of forest biomass loss with generative deep learning
Authors: Anand Mohit , Bohn Friedrich J. , Camps-Valls Gustau , Fischer Rico , Huth Andreas , Sweet Lily-belle , Zscheischler Jakob 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Globally, forests are net carbon sinks that partly mitigates anthropogenic climate change. However, there is evidence of increasing weather-induced tree mortality, which needs to be better understood to improve forest management under future climate conditions. Disentangling drivers of tree mortality is challenging because of their interacting behavior over multiple temporal scales. In this study, we take a data-driven approach to the problem. We generate hourly temperate weather data using a stochastic weather generator to simulate 160,000 years of beech, pine, and spruce forest dynamics with a forest gap model. These data are used to train a generative deep learning model (a modified variational autoencoder) to learn representations of three-year-long monthly weather conditions (precipitation, temperature, and solar radiation) in an unsupervised way. We then associate these weather representations with years of high biomass loss in the forests and derive weather prototypes associated with such years. The identified prototype weather conditions are associated with 5–22% higher median biomass loss compared to the median of all samples, depending on the forest type and the prototype. When prototype weather conditions co-occur, these numbers increase to 10–25%. Our research illustrates how generative deep learning can discover compounding weather patterns associated with extreme impacts.
From negative to positive internationalised protection: Attenuated solidarity and the practice of refugee protection
Authors: Gilmore Jonathan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article explores the growth of international civilian-protection concepts since the 1990s and the question of what protection means in a qualitative sense. It makes a significant intervention in advancing a typology of positive and negative protection, allowing more systematic analysis of whether protective practices fulfil the normative goals of internationalised protection and creating openings for expanded imagination of possible protective practices. It is argued that practices of refugee protection during this period have been shaped by logics of externalisation that seek to maintain distance between protector and protected and attenuate cosmopolitan solidarity with vulnerable non-citizens, both of which have detrimental impacts on the depth of protective practices and the experience of protection. These practices occur at the intersection of conflicting interpretative backdrops – between the cosmopolitan-minded commitments to the protection of vulnerable non-citizens and backdrops that frame migration as a problem. Using the case of the United Kingdom (UK) asylum system, the article argues that this is generative of negative protection – practices providing immediate physical protection, but simultaneously constructing conditions of acute vulnerability. Conversely, positive protection might be found in practices that embody fuller solidarity with protected people and enable them to flourish as a socially embedded individuals.
A new genus and species of cornulitid tubeworm from the Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) of Estonia
Authors: Vinn Olev , Wilson Mark A. , Toom Ursula 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA new cornulitid genus and species, Porkuniconchus fragilis new genus and species, is here described from the Ärina Formation (Hirnantian, Porkuni Regional Stage) of northern Estonia. This new taxon differs from most cornulitids by having a fusiform ornamentation pattern that is somewhat similar to that of Kolihaia. All studied specimens are attached to a carbonate hardground. The hardground fauna is by abundance and encrustation area dominated by cornulitids. Other encrusters are represented only by a single sheet-like cystoporate bryozoan. The cornulitid specimens represent different growth stages, which suggest that the hardground was continuously colonized by cornulitid larvae. The high encrustation density indicates that the studied hardground may have represented a high-productivity site in the Hirnantian of the Baltic Basin.UUID: http://zoobank.org/623afcc3-ab32-4e8f-be14-a1093cba4ae6
A UNIFIED APPROACH TO HINDMAN, RAMSEY, AND VAN DER WAERDEN SPACES
Authors: FILIPÓW RAFAŁ , KOWITZ KRZYSZTOF , KWELA ADAM 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
For many years, there have been conducting research (e.g., by Bergelson, Furstenberg, Kojman, Kubiś, Shelah, Szeptycki, Weiss) into sequentially compact spaces that are, in a sense, topological counterparts of some combinatorial theorems, for instance, Ramsey’s theorem for coloring graphs, Hindman’s finite sums theorem, and van der Waerden’s arithmetical progressions theorem. These spaces are defined with the aid of different kinds of convergences: IP-convergence, R-convergence, and ordinary convergence.
The first aim of this paper is to present a unified approach to these various types of convergences and spaces. Then, using this unified approach, we prove some general theorems about existence of the considered spaces and show that all results obtained so far in this subject can be derived from our theorems.
The second aim of this paper is to obtain new results about the specific types of these spaces. For instance, we construct a Hausdorff Hindman space that is not an

$\mathcal {I}_{1/n}$

-space and a Hausdorff differentially compact space that is not Hindman. Moreover, we compare Ramsey spaces with other types of spaces. For instance, we construct a Ramsey space that is not Hindman and a Hindman space that is not Ramsey.
The last aim of this paper is to provide a characterization that shows when there exists a space of one considered type that is not of the other kind. This characterization is expressed in purely combinatorial manner with the aid of the so-called Katětov order that has been extensively examined for many years so far.
This paper may interest the general audience of mathematicians as the results we obtain are on the intersection of topology, combinatorics, set theory, and number theory.
ON RANK NOT ONLY IN NSOP THEORIES
Authors: DOBROWOLSKI JAN , HOFFMANN DANIEL MAX 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We introduce a family of local ranks

$D_Q$

depending on a finite set Q of pairs of the form

$(\varphi (x,y),q(y)),$

where

$\varphi (x,y)$

is a formula and

$q(y)$

is a global type. We prove that in any NSOP

$_1$

theory these ranks satisfy some desirable properties; in particular,

$D_Q(x=x)<\omega $

for any finite tuple of variables x and any Q, if

$q\supseteq p$

is a Kim-forking extension of types, then

$D_Q(q)<D_Q(p)$

for some Q, and if

$q\supseteq p$

is a Kim-non-forking extension, then

$D_Q(q)=D_Q(p)$

for every Q that involves only invariant types whose Morley powers are -stationary. We give natural examples of families of invariant types satisfying this property in some NSOP

$_1$

theories.
We also answer a question of Granger about equivalence of dividing and dividing finitely in the theory

$T_\infty $

of vector spaces with a generic bilinear form. We conclude that forking equals dividing in

$T_\infty $

, strengthening an earlier observation that

$T_\infty $

satisfies the existence axiom for forking independence.
Finally, we slightly modify our definitions and go beyond NSOP

$_1$

to find out that our local ranks are bounded by the well-known ranks: the inp-rank (burden), and hence, in particular, by the dp-rank. Therefore, our local ranks are finite provided that the dp-rank is finite, for example, if T is dp-minimal. Hence, our notion of rank identifies a non-trivial class of theories containing all NSOP

$_1$

and NTP

$_2$

theories.
The Schwarzian norm estimates for Janowski convex functions
Authors: Ali Md Firoz , Pal Sanjit 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor $-1\leq B \lt A\leq 1$, let $\mathcal{C}(A,B)$ denote the class of normalized Janowski convex functions defined in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}:=\{z\in\mathbb{C}:|z| \lt 1\}$ that satisfy the subordination relation $1+zf''(z)/f'(z)\prec (1+Az)/(1+Bz)$. In the present article, we determine the sharp estimate of the Schwarzian norm for functions in the class $\mathcal{C}(A,B)$. The Dieudonné’s lemma which gives the exact region of variability for derivatives at a point of bounded functions, plays the key role in this study, and we also use this lemma to construct the extremal functions for the sharpness by a new method.
Vine variety identification through leaf image classification: a large-scale study on the robustness of five deep learning models
Authors: De Nart D. , Gardiman M. , Alba V. , Tarricone L. , Storchi P. , Roccotelli S. , Ammoniaci M. , Tosi V. , Perria R. , Carraro R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVarietal identification plays a pivotal role in viticulture for several purposes. Nowadays, such identification is accomplished using ampelography and molecular markers, techniques requiring specific expertise and equipment. Deep learning, on the other hand, appears to be a viable and cost-effective alternative, as several recent studies claim that computer vision models can identify different vine varieties with high accuracy. Such works, however, limit their scope to a handful of selected varieties and do not provide accurate figures for external data validation. In the current study, five well-known computer vision models were applied to leaf images to verify whether the results presented in the literature can be replicated over a larger data set consisting of 27 varieties with 26 382 images. It was built over 2 years of dedicated field sampling at three geographically distinct sites, and a validation data set was collected from the Internet. Cross-validation results on the purpose-built data set confirm literature results. However, the same models, when validated against the independent data set, appear unable to generalize over the training data and retain the performances measured during cross validation. These results indicate that further enhancement have been done in filling such a gap and developing a more reliable model to discriminate among grape varieties, underlining that, to achieve this purpose, the image resolution appears to be a crucial factor in the development of such models.
Opening Pandora's box: diagnostics characters for the confuse taxonomy of the BrazilianCardiomya(Bivalvia: Cuspidariidae)
Authors: de Lima Tarcilla Carvalho , Mello Victor Barreto Braga , Oliveira Cléo Dilnei de Castro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe unsolved systematics of the genusCardiomyahas led to a sequence of astonishing identification mistakes. This scenario is a result of the rarity of specimens and, more importantly, the lack of knowledge about which characters are relevant to the genus taxonomy. In this study, we developed a method based on standard linear discriminant analysis to identify the smallest number of morphological characters that efficiently distinguish individuals at the species level of BrazilianCardiomya. Starting from 29 morphometric measurements obtained from photographedCardiomyashells, we were able to identify only five characters: the dorsal inflection of the rostrum, the distance from the posterior most rib end to the umbonal posterior margin and the distance from the central point of the valve to the anterior margin at 45°, 15° and −30° angles. Surprisingly, all these characters are related to the shell outline and not the ornamentation, which is a remarkable character inCardiomya. We performed a one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD test specifically using the total number of ribs to verify its discriminant power in species identification. Our analysis demonstrated that the number of ribs does not show a significant difference between the analysed species.
Paternalism in Australian parliamentary debate: the case of drug testing social security recipients
Authors: Curchin Katherine , Weight Thomas , Ritter Alison 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAcross the globe, welfare conditionality and sanctioning increasingly permeate social welfare programs. Paternalism is one of the key normative rationales invoked when both scholars and politicians debate the legitimacy of this reform. With a view to bringing the scholarly and political debates into closer conversation with each other, this paper examines how paternalism manifests in political debate. We systematically analyse the paternalist arguments made by Australian federal parliamentarians in favour of the virtually identical 2017 and 2018 policy proposals to drug test welfare recipients, both of which resulted in a stalemate. We find that paternalistic arguments primarily employed soft, weak, and welfare paternalism, with heavy emphasis on the purported benefits of the intervention, limited emphasis on the issue of personal liberty, and noticeable silence about autonomy and consent. These findings shed light on the scholarly features of paternalism that are obscured in contemporary political discourse. This analysis can direct political philosophers to features of paternalism that need more attention as well as suggest ways that drug and welfare policy advocates may engage more effectively with paternalist arguments.
Latitude by two altitudes of the Sun – Douwes’ and Riddle's methods
Authors: Queirós Ana Filipa , Costa Canas António , Sousa Teresa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn approximately 1740, Cornelis Douwes presented an algorithmic method to determine the latitude when it is impossible to observe the Sun at the meridian passage. To apply Douwes’ method, it is necessary to know two altitudes of the Sun, the time elapsed between observations, the Sun's declination at the time when the greater altitude was observed and the latitude by account. Douwes’ method, originally written in Dutch, was translated and published in English by Richard Harrison in 1759. This translation made possible the dissemination of this method throughout Europe. In 1821, James Ivory proposed a new method that was independent of the latitude by account. This method was improved by Edward Riddle in 1822. Riddle's proposal was widely disseminated throughout Europe during the 19th century. In this work, our objective is to study the reliability of these two methods. For that purpose, we will apply the algorithmic methods of Douwes and Riddle to determine the latitude using real observations made during the years 2021 and 2022. The results obtained will then be compared with the GPS (Global Positioning System) latitude to assess the reliability of each method.