bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface modification and in vitro blood compatibilities of polyurethanes containing z‐lysine segments in the main chain
Authors: Meng Wan , Hyun Jae‐Yong , Song Dong‐Ik , Kang Inn‐Kyu 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPolyurethanes containing z‐lysine segments in the main chain (PULL) were synthesized from 4,4′‐diphenylmethyl diisocyanate, poly(tetramethylene glycol), and z‐lysine oligomer as a chain extender. PULL film was treated with a 10% HBr–acetic acid solution and subsequently with a saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution to produce a primary amine group on the surface. Heparin‐immobilized PULL (PULL‐H) was prepared by the coupling reaction of PULL surface amine groups and heparin carboxylic acid groups. The surface‐modified PULLs were then characterized by attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, and a contact angle goniometer. The concentration of amine groups and heparins introduced on the PULL surfaces were about 2.1 μmol/cm2 and 1.9 μg/cm2, respectively. To assess in vitro blood compatibility, the interaction of modified PULLs with plasma proteins and platelets was examined. In the experiments with plasma proteins, plasma recalcification time and activated partial thromboplastin time were significantly prolonged on PULL‐H compared to those on the other surfaces. The percentage of serotonin released from platelets adhering on PULL‐H was less than that on the other surfaces, demonstrating a good in vitro blood compatibility. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1959–1969, 2003
How effortful decisions get enacted: the motivating role of decision processes, desires, and anticipated emotions
Authors: Bagozzi Richard P. , Dholakia Utpal M. , Basuroy Suman 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBuilding on recent research examining the influence of decision making on subsequent goal striving and decision enactment, we consider and elaborate on the mechanisms through which effortful decisions are made, maintained, and enacted. Our proposed framework builds on the Dholakia and Bagozzi (2002) model, distinguishes between two important types of intentions and desires, and shows that the motivation‐mustering function of the decision process is mediated by goal and implementation desires. In addition to decision processes, the roles of goal feasibility, anticipated emotions, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control are also elaborated on. Through a two‐wave field study tracking real decisions and their pursuit by participants, we find empirical support for our model of effortful decision making and enactment. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential clinical implications of direction of a trans-sphincteric anal fistula track
Authors: Buchanan G N , Williams A B , Bartram C I , Halligan S , Nicholls R J , Cohen C R G 
Published: September 2003

Abstract

Background
The longitudinal direction of a trans-sphincteric anal fistula track through the anal sphincter complex may have implications regarding fistulotomy.

Methods
The angle of the track of trans-sphincteric fistulas relative to the longitudinal axis of the anal canal was measured before operation by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 46 patients. This was compared with the findings at operation.

Results
The track passed cranially as well as laterally at an acute angle (less than 90°) in 23 patients while it passed either transversely or caudally at an obtuse angle (90° or more) in the remaining 23. The internal opening was significantly higher in relation to the dentate line (above in eight patients, at the dentate line in 14 and below in one patient) when the track was acute than when it was obtuse (above in one, at the dentate line in 17 and below in five patients) (P = 0·004). The fistula track crossed the sphincter at a median angle of 35°, 95° and 132° from internal openings sited above, at and below dentate line level respectively (P = 0·002).

Conclusion
Fistula tracks passed cranially and laterally through the sphincter complex in half of these patients, and were most acutely angled on MRI when internal openings were situated above the dentate line. Preoperative MRI might alert surgeons to the potential hazard of fistulotomy being more extensive than anticipated from simple palpation of the level of the internal opening.
Effect of sacral nerve stimulation on autonomic nerve function
Authors: Kenefick N J , Emmanuel A , Nicholls R J , Kamm M A 
Published: September 2003

Abstract

Background
Sacral nerve stimulation has been used successfully to treat motility disorders of the bladder and bowel. The mechanism of action remains unknown. This study examined the effect of stimulation on rectal blood flow as a measure of autonomic nerve function.

Methods
Sixteen patients (15 women) of median age 59 (range 38–71) years were studied. All had undergone permanent electrode implantation for faecal incontinence, a median of 27 (range 2–62) months previously, with clinical benefit. Rectal laser Doppler flowmetry was performed at the level of chronic stimulation, without stimulation, and then at 0·1-V stepwise increments between zero and 1·0 V, and at 1-V increments to 5 V.

Results
There was a significant difference in the median flux between no stimulation and chronic stimulation: 545 (range 355–887) versus 869 (range 507–989) flux units (P = 0·001). Stepwise increments of 0·1 V, between zero and 1·0 V, caused a significant immediate rise in flux (P &lt; 0·001). Further increments did not result in any further significant increase.

Conclusion
Chronic sacral nerve stimulation has a significant effect on rectal blood flow and the autonomic innervation of the distal bowel. The response is rapidly reversible and varies in a dose-dependent manner up to a level of stimulation of 1·0 V.
Use of radiolabelled iododeoxyuridine as adjuvant treatment for experimental tumours of the liver
Authors: Zager J S , Delman K A , Ebright M I , Malhotra S , Larson S , Fong Y 
Published: September 2003

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to determine whether hepatic regeneration stimulates growth of tumour residing within the liver, and whether a difference in the rate of DNA synthesis in liver and tumour may be used to target cancer using the radiolabelled thymidine analogue 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (IUdR).

Methods
Partial hepatectomy was performed on Buffalo rats bearing solitary nodules of syngeneic Morris hepatoma. Liver and tumour DNA synthesis was measured by incorporation of radioactive IUdR. [125I]IUdR was tested as an adjuvant therapy after hepatectomy in Buffalo rats bearing diffuse microscopic Morris hepatomas to simulate the clinical situation.

Results
Liver regeneration enhanced liver and tumour DNA synthesis as measured by incorporation of radioactive IUdR. Liver DNA synthesis returned to baseline by 7 days, whereas tumour DNA synthesis remained above baseline level. Hepatectomy enhanced the growth of microscopic liver tumours. [125I]IUdR (250 µCi or 1 mCi/kg) administered 4 days after hepatectomy significantly reduced tumour growth without signs of systemic toxicity or liver dysfunction.

Conclusion
The local environment of the regenerating liver stimulates tumour growth. The thymidine analogue [125I]IUdR may be used preferentially to target tumour DNA synthesis in the regenerating liver, and may prove useful as an adjuvant therapy for hepatic tumours after surgical resection.
Anastomotic leakage after curative anterior resection results in a higher prevalence of local recurrence
Authors: Bell S W , Walker K G , Rickard M J F X , Sinclair G , Dent O F , Chapuis P H , Bokey E L 
Published: September 2003

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to determine whether leakage from a colorectal anastomosis following potentially curative anterior resection for rectal cancer is an independent risk factor for local recurrence.

Methods
The study included all patients who had a potentially curative anterior resection with anastomosis for adenocarcinoma of the rectum between 1971 and 1991 at Concord Hospital. The data were collected prospectively, with complete follow-up for at least 5 years. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to compare time to recurrence between strata of categorical variables. Proportional hazards regression was used in multivariate modelling.

Results
There were 403 patients in the study. After adjustment for lymph node metastases, the distal resection margin of resection, non-total anatomical dissection of the rectum and the level of anastomosis, multivariate analysis identified a significant association between anastomotic leakage and local recurrence (hazard ratio 3·8, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·8 to 7·9).

Conclusion
Leakage following a colorectal anastomosis after potentially curative resection for adenocarcinoma of the rectum is an independent predictor of local recurrence.
Central projections of the saccular and utricular nerves in macaques
Authors: Newlands Shawn D. , Vrabec Jeffrey T. , Purcell Ian M. , Stewart C. Matthew , Zimmerman Brett E. , Perachio Adrian A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe central projections of the utricular and saccular nerve in macaques were examined using transganglionic labeling of vestibular afferent neurons. In these experiments, biotinylated dextran amine was injected directly into the saccular or utricular neuroepithelium of fascicularis (Macaca fascicularis) or rhesus (Macaca mulatta) monkeys. Two to 5 weeks later, the animals were killed and the peripheral vestibular sensory organs, brainstem, and cerebellum were collected for analysis. The principal brainstem areas of saccular nerve termination were lateral, particularly the spinal vestibular nucleus, the lateral portion of the superior vestibular nucleus, ventral nucleus y, the external cuneate nucleus, and cell group l. The principal cerebellar projection was to the uvula with a less dense projection to the nodulus. Principle brainstem areas of termination of the utricular nerve were the lateral/dorsal medial vestibular nucleus, ventral and lateral portions of the superior vestibular nucleus, and rostral portion of the spinal vestibular nucleus. In the cerebellum, a strong projection was observed to the nodulus and weak projections were present in the flocculus, ventral paraflocculus, bilateral fastigial nuclei, and uvula. Although there is extensive overlap of saccular and utricular projections, saccular inputs to the lateral portions of the vestibular nuclear complex suggest that saccular afferents contribute to the vestibulospinal system. In contrast, the utricular nerve projects more rostrally into areas of known concentration of vestibulo‐ocular related cells. Although sparse, the projections of the utricle to the flocculus/ventral paraflocculus suggest a potential convergence with floccular projection inputs from the vestibular brainstem that have been implicated in vestibulo‐ocular motor learning. J. Comp. Neurol. 466:31–47, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of perforin‐independent NK cell‐mediated cytotoxicity
Authors: Wallin Robert P. A. , Screpanti Valentina , Michaëlsson Jakob , Grandien Alf , Ljunggren Hans‐Gustaf 
Published: September 2003

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells have been thought to depend largely on perforin‐mediated mechanisms for the induction of cell death in targets. However, this view has more recently been challenged. It is now clear that NK cells are capable of using death ligands like Fas ligand (FasL) or tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) to induce cytotoxicity. Still, relatively little is known about the control of these "perforin‐independent" cell death eliciting reactions, for example, the regulation of FasL expression on NK cells. In the present study, we confirm the ability of NK cells to mediate target cytotoxicity in the absence of perforin, in vivo and in vitro. We show that the induction of perforin‐independent NK cell‐mediated cell death is prevented by inhibiting signals mediated by MHC class I recognition. Furthermore, we demonstrate in vitro that cross‐linking of the activation receptor NK1.1 on NK cells leads to the up‐regulation of FasL on the cell surface. However, simultaneous engagement of an MHC class I binding inhibitory receptor prevents the externalization of FasL. These results provide a mechanistic explanation for theMHC class I‐dependent regulation of perforin‐independent cytotoxicity.
Increased CD40 expression in skin fibroblasts from patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc): role of CD40‐CD154 in the phenotype of SSc fibroblasts
Authors: Fukasawa Chikako , Kawaguchi Yasushi , Harigai Masayoshi , Sugiura Tomoko , Takagi Kae , Kawamoto Manabu , Hara Masako , Kamatani Naoyuki 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease of unknown etiology that is characterized by tissue fibrosis, which may result from the activation of lesional fibroblasts exhibiting excessive production of extracellular matrix components. However, it has yet to be determined how SSc fibroblasts are activated. CD40 is a cell surface molecule expressed on various cells that is important for the response to activated T cells through CD154. CD40 mRNA was found to be constitutively expressed in both SSc and normal fibroblasts by reverse transcription PCR. Expression of CD40 protein was increased on SSc fibroblasts compared to normal fibroblasts as measured by flow cytometry. Ligation of CD40 by recombinant human CD154 (0.5–2 μg/ml) resulted in increased production of IL‐6, IL‐8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 in SSc fibroblasts in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas these phenomena were not shown in normal fibroblasts even with the addition of CD154. CD80, a costimulatory molecule, was also induced on SSc fibroblasts by CD40 ligation. In the present study, our findings suggest the possibility of a cell‐mediated response between fibroblasts and T cells in the lesional skin of SSc patients. Since it is suggested that the CD40‐CD154 system may play a crucial role in the aberrant production of immune mediators by SSc fibroblasts, blockage of CD40‐CD154 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for SSc.
Molecular characterization of the chemokine receptor CXCR3: evidence for the involvement of distinct extracellular domains in a multi‐step model of ligand binding and receptor activation
Authors: Xanthou Georgina , Williams Timothy J. , Pease James E. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractCXCR3 is a chemokine receptor predominantly expressed on T lymphocytes, and binds the chemokines CXCL9 (Mig), CXCL10 (IP‐10) and CXCL11 (I‐TAC). Here, we have investigated the role of the extracellular domains of CXCR3 in ligand selectivity and receptor activation by assessing the ligand binding and chemotactic responses of chimeric CXCR3/CXCR1 constructs. Our data reveal that the secondextracellular loop of CXCR3 is essential for receptor activation in response to all CXCR3 ligands. In contrast, the N terminus and first extracellular loop of CXCR3 play some role in CXCL10‐ and CXCL11‐mediated activation but are dispensable for CXCL9‐induced signaling. The third extracellular loop of CXCR3 is important only for CXCL9‐ and CXCL10‐induced chemotaxis. Binding studies suggest that the CXCR3 ligands bind to distinct sites composed of multiple domains of CXCR3 and that high‐affinity binding and receptor activation are disparate functions. Collectively, our data support a multi‐site model for CXCR3 interactions with its agonists, in which several extracellular domains of CXCR3 contribute to ligand binding and the induction of receptor activation. The development of antagonists targeting the second extracellular loop of CXCR3 should impede receptor activation and aid the treatment of several human inflammatory disorders.
Contribution of low‐molecular‐weight antioxidants to the antioxidant capacity of raw and processed lentil seeds
Authors: Fernandez‐Orozco Rebeca , Zieliński Henryk , Piskuła Mariusz K. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn this study four cultivars of lentil originating from Spain were examined: cv Paula, cv Agueda, cv Almar and cv Alcor. Since consumption of these seeds after heat treatment and as sprouts has been popularised, the impact of cooking (up to 30 min) and germination process (in dark, at 25°C, for up to 4 days) on peroxyl radical‐trapping capacity (PRTC) and Trolox‐equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of the processed seeds was addressed. Also, changes in the content of low‐molecular‐weight antioxidants (LMWA) and soluble proteins in the course of cooking and germination were studied. The analyzed LMWA were: total phenolics, tocopherols (α‐T, β‐T, γ‐T, δ‐T( reduced glutathione, and L‐ascorbic acid. On the basis of the results obtained, the contribution of LMWA and soluble proteins to the PRTC and TEAC of raw, cooked, and germinated lentil seeds was calculated by multiple mean values for the content of investigated compounds and their relative potential with respect to Trolox. The results showed a very high molar percentage contribution of phenolic compounds and low contribution of tocopherols, glutathione, soluble proteins, and ascorbate (only in germinated seeds) to the total TEAC and total PRTC calculated as a sum of data provided for phosphate‐buffered and 80% methanolic extracts of raw and processed lentil seeds.
Effects of moisture content and drying temperature on the physicochemical properties of ostrich jerky
Authors: Lee Seog‐Won , Kang Chang‐Su 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the influence of temperature (50, 60, and 70°C) and moisture content (18, 21, and 24%) on the quality of jerky products from ostrich meat. The jerky products were evaluated by physicochemical and sensory methods. The tensile strength of the samples prepared to 24% w.b. moisture content at 50°C was lowest (p < 0.05; 124 N) while those prepared under other conditions were in the range of 208–268 N (p > 0.05). The water activity of the jerky products was 0.51–0.72, and significant influence of drying temperature on protein solubility was also observed, but the samples dried at the same temperature had similar levels of soluble protein (p > 0.05) regardless of moisture content of samples. The pH of the samples dried at 50°C and 60°C showed little change in different moisture content, but samples dried at 70°C tended to affect the pH by moisture content. Hunter a‐values showed a predominantly increasing trend in all moisture levels as the heating temperature increased. The jerky product prepared to 24% w.b. moisture content at 60°C showed the best sensory overall acceptability.
Dinorditerpene, Diterpenes, Alkaloids, and Coumarins from Clausena dunniana
Authors: He Hong‐Ping , Shen Yue‐Mao , Zuo Guo‐Ying , Yang Xiao‐Sheng , Hao Xiao‐Jiang 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe new dinorditerpene 14,15‐dinorclerod‐3‐ene‐2,13‐dione (2), the eight new clerodane diterpenes 4, 5, 7–10, 13, and 14, and the new furoquinoline alkaloid 15, besides thirty known compounds, were isolated from the aerial part of Clausena dunniana collected in Xishuangbanna, the south of China. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR.
Possible antecedents and developmental implications of shame in young girls
Authors: Mills Rosemary S. L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to assess the effects of parenting style and child emotionality on the development of proneness to shame in young girls, and the mediating effect of shame on the development of adjustment problems. Eighty‐eight girls were assessed twice, at 3 and 5 years of age, along with their mothers and fathers. Shame was assessed by observations (reactions to failure and criticism); parenting style and child emotions (fearfulness, sadness, anger) were measured using parent reports; and adjustment problems were assessed by parent and teacher reports. Girls were more likely to show shame at age 5 when both their mothers and fathers had been relatively authoritarian at age 3; their emotional dispositions did not have any direct longitudinal effects on shame. Authoritarian parenting predicted subsequent internalizing problems as assessed by teachers, but there was no evidence for a mediational effect of shame. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of caddisfly fauna (Insecta: Trichoptera) to characterise the Late‐glacial River Trent, England
Authors: Greenwood M. T. , Agnew M. D. , Wood P. J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTrichoptera have been utilised infrequently in palaeoecological studies despite their value as environmental indicators of freshwater habitat structure and quality, via their aquatic larvae, and catchment macroclimate conditions, via the aerial adults. Two sites, dated ca. 11 600 14C yr BP, in the middle reaches of the River Trent (England) supported caddisfly (Trichoptera) assemblages indicative of a dynamic braided river with extensive floodplain development. At the first, Barrow‐upon‐Trent, the caddisfly assemblage was dominated by taxa indicative of a medium to large gravel‐bed river (Lepidostoma hirtum, Micrasema setiferum and taxa from the family Hydropsychidae). At the second site, Hemington, the caddisfly fauna was dominated by taxa from the families Limnephilidae and Phryganeidae. These usually occur in slow flowing and standing waters and are indicative of cut‐off channels on the floodplain. Micrasema setiferum does not occur in the contemporary UK fauna and has a modern distribution across central Europe and Fennoscandia. A gridded climatology extracted for those geographical areas where M. setiferum occurs today indicated a greater degree of continentality than currently prevailing in the Trent catchment. The value of Trichoptera in palaeoecological studies is explored and a model of channel evolution for the River Trent is presented based on caddisfly data. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lake stratigraphy implies an 80 000 yr delayed melting of buried dead ice in northern Russia
Authors: Henriksen Mona , Mangerud Jan , Matiouchkov Alexei , Paus Aage , Svendsen John Inge 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSediment cores from lakes Kormovoye and Oshkoty in the glaciated region of the Pechora Lowland, northern Russia, reveal sediment gravity flow deposits overlain by lacustrine mud and gyttja. The sediments were deposited mainly during melting of buried glacier ice beneath the lakes. In Lake Kormovoye, differential melting of dead ice caused the lake bottom to subside at different places at different times, resulting in sedimentation and erosion occurring only some few metres apart and at shifting locations, as further melting caused inversion of the lake bottom. Basal radiocarbon dates from the two lakes, ranging between 13 and 9 ka, match with basal dates from other lakes in the Pechora Lowland as well as melting of ice‐wedges. This indicates that buried glacier ice has survived for ca. 80 000 years from the last glaciation of this area at 90 ka until about 13 ka when a warmer climate caused melting of permafrost and buried glacier ice, forming numerous lakes and a fresh‐looking glacial landscape. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.