bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roentgenographic Findings of the Cervical Spine in Tension‐Type Headache
Authors: Nagasawa Arata , Sakakibara Toshimasa , Takahashi Akira 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISRoentgenographic studies were carried out on 372 patients with tension‐type headache and 225 normal control subjects to determine relationships between straightened cervical spines, low‐set shoulders, and cervical spine instability. A great majority of the patients with tension‐type headache were found also to have straightened cervical spine. Patients with tension‐type headache may have a restricted progression of the cervical spinal Iordosis, which results in a straightened cervical spine. The flexor muscles of the head and neck prevent physiological Iordosis of the cervical spine, and their sustained chronic contraction may be a principal cause of a straightened neck. The low‐set shoulder was frequently seen in patients with tension‐type headache, and it may result in traction of the brachial plexus, which gives rise to pain in the neck and shoulders. Cervical spine instability, on the other hand, was rather infrequent in patients with tension‐type headache. Its relationship to tension‐type headache is unclear and warrants further study. Our results suggest that both a straightened cervical spine and low‐set shoulders may play an important role in the pathogenesis of tension‐type headache and its accessory symptoms.
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia in Cluster Headache Syndrome
Authors: Kruszewski Piotr 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISRespiratory sinus arrhythmia is regarded as indicative of cardiac vagal integrity. A ratio of the longest R‐R interval to the shortest R‐R interval during deep breathing test (E:I ratio) was calculated in controls (n=49), cluster headache (n=33) and CPH (n=4) patients, E:I ratio decreased with age but was not dependent upon sex or upon smoking habits. Furthermore, there were no significant differences as regards E:I ratio between cluster headache patients in and outside a bout, or between patients with right‐sided and left‐sided headache. However, the E:I ratio was found to be significantly lower in the cluster headache group as such, when compared with controls, but the number of patients disclosing pathological or borderline results was small, 2 and 2, respectively. This may indicate that a putative vagal dysfunction in cluster headache is usually less marked than in patients with e.g. diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Significant attack‐related change in the E:I ratio were detected in all individual patients though these changes were not of a uniform nature from individual to individual. E:I ratios were rather high in 3 out of 4 CPH patients examined. However, the number of patients in this group is too small to allow definite statements about the difference between CPH end cluster headache with regard to E:I ratios. There was no significant difference between E:I ratios outside and during a mild, short, mechanically precipitated attack in a single CPH patient.
Migraine: An Alternative in the Diagnosis of Unclassified Vertigo
Authors: Aragones J.M. , Fortes‐Rego J. , Fuste J. , Cardozo A. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISVertigo and unsteadiness are frequent reasons for medical consultation. In some cases, these symptoms remain unclassified. The association of equilibrium disorders with migraine is often mentioned in literature.Seventy‐two cases of unclassified vertigo were studied in order to ascertain the prevalence of migraine in patients affected by recurring episodes of vertigo from undetermined causes, and attempting to establish a possible relationship with migraine. Characteristics of the vertigo and the headache, were evaluated by clinical history and examination, electronystagmogram (ENG), electroencephalogram (EEG), computerized tomography scanning (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the group of patients studied 50% suffered from headache, and 32.8% fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of migraine. Results suggest that only a thorough clinical history would be able to give enough information to establish the diagnosis of migraine in these patients.These observations imply an alternative diagnosis to be taken into account when a case of unclassified vertigo is evaluated.
Posttraumatic Headache: Determining Chronicity
Authors: Packard Russell C. , Ham Lesley P. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIn the headache literature, there exists a great deal of discrepancy regarding when posttraumatic headache (PTH) may be classified as chronic. Although chronic pain is usually described as pain persisting for longer than six months, many view chronic posttraumatic headache as persisting for more than two months, including the International Headache Society criteria. Observations made by Brenner and Friedman in 1944 have been repeatedly cited for this determination. Surprisingly, a review of this original source revealed that the term “chronic“ was never used when discussing posttraumatic headache over two months duration. The authors, in fact, suggested two months as an “arbitrary” dividing line. Recent studies suggest that many patients with PTH continue to improve or change over the first six months but start to plateau after that time. We feel six months serves as a better time indicator for defining chronicity in cases of posttraumatic headache. This would be more consistent with the current literature concerning chronic pain and the International Headache Society criteria for chronic tension headache.
Value of MRI in Pediatric Migraine
Authors: McAbee Gary N. , Siegel Sheryl E. , Kadakia Satish , Cantos Eric 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISTwenty four pediatric migraineurs were prospectively evaluated to determine if white matter hyperi ntensities were presenton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). None had white matter findings or brain abnormalities. Five had mucoperiosteal thickening of the paranasal sinuses, which were unrelated to the patients' clinical course. MRI white matter findings are probably not a common occurrence in pediatric migraineurs. In addition, MRI sinus findings are not necessarily related to a child's headache complaints.
An Association Between Migrainous Aura and Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Steele J. G. , Nath P. U. , Burn J. , Porteous M.E.M. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISHereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a variety of abnormalities of the vasculature.This study investigated by questionnaire an unselected group of 58 patients suffering from HHT to identify and diagnose any headache history. These were compared with a control group comprising 40 patients with an unrelated autosomal dominant disorder, familial adenomatous polyposis.Fifty percent of the HHT patients reported attacks of headache which fulfilled current diagnostic criteria for migraine with aura. This was over four times the figure for the control group and at least 10 times the expected level for a normal population. The auras described by all the affected patients were classic visual disturbances preceding the headaches. Two patients also described typical visual auras unassociated with headache symptoms.The reason for such a clear association between migraine with aura and HHT is uncertain but cerebral arteriovenous malformations seem to be the likely link. A greater understanding of the reasons for the relationship may provide an insight into the pathophysiology of both conditions.
Developmental Program of Epileptogenesis in the Brain of EL Mice
Authors: Murashima Yoshiya L. , Suzuki Jiro , Yoshii Mitsunobu 
Published: June 2005

Summary:  Purpose: We recently observed inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) expression and decreased Cu, Zn‐superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn‐SOD) activities in the hippocampus of epileptic mutant EL mice at the age of 30 weeks. In addition, the immediate early gene (IEG) c‐fos is unusually expressed in the interictal period, suggesting activation of protein cascades associated with the epileptogenesis. Furthermore, DNA fragmentation has been detected preferentially in the hippocampus CA1 and the parietal cortex of EL mouse brain. It remains to be seen, however, how these abnormalities are related to the DNA fragmentation, and whether neuronal cell loss is involved. The present study was designed to address these issues. Methods: NOS isoenzymes, pro‐ (Bax) and antiapoptotic factors (Bcl‐2, Bcl‐XL), and neurotrophic factors (brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF; neurotrophin‐3, NT‐3; fibroblast growth factor‐2, FGF‐2) were determined by immunoblotting in the EL mouse brain at various developmental stages. Hematoxylin–eosin staining was applied to the formalin‐fixed brains to examine the cell loss in the tissue. IEG expression in the interictal period was analyzed by in situ hybridization by using the 35S x‐ray emulsion method. Results: nNOS was the major component of NOS in the hippocampus of either EL or control DDY mice. In EL mice, however, iNOS was detectable at the age of 10 weeks, at which the animals usually experience the first seizures. eNOS, which appears in DDY brain, could scarcely be identified. Even in the interictal period, EL mice expressed c‐fos continuously, preferentially in the parietal cortex and hippocampal CA1. In DDY mice, very low steady‐state levels of Bcl‐2 and Bax remained constant throughout development. In EL mice, these Bcl‐2 and Bax levels were increased even before experiencing frequent seizures. BDNF in EL mice markedly increased temporarily during ictogenesis and epileptogenesis in their early periods. Unexpectedly, no cell loss was found in the hippocampus. Conclusions: DNA fragmentation without cell loss found in EL mouse brains appears to result from initial activation and later inactivation of the apoptotic process. Neurotrophic factors may play a role in the ictogenesis and the epileptogenesis during the early development. These gene expressions closely related to the periods critical for ictogenesis and epileptogenesis may be of particular importance in the development of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) with novel mechanisms.
The Acute and Chronic Effect of Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS)
Authors: Dedeurwaerdere Stefanie , Vonck Kristl , Van Hese Peter , Wadman Wytse , Boon Paul 
Published: June 2005

Summary:  Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of acute and chronic vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS). This is a validated model for absence epilepsy, characterized by frequent spontaneous absences concomitant with spike and wave discharges (SWD) on the EEG. Although absences are a benign form of seizures, it is conceptually important to investigate the efficacy of VNS in a controlled study by using this chronic epilepsy model. Methods: Both control and stimulated GAERS were implanted with five epidural EEG electrodes and a stimulation electrode around the left vagus nerve.In the first experiment, VNS was given when SWD occurred in the EEG; this was repeated the next day. A randomized crossover design (n = 8) was used.In the chronic experiment, GAERS underwent EEG monitoring during a first baseline week. During the second week, the treated group (n = 18) received VNS; controls (n = 13), on the other hand, only underwent EEG recordings. Results: On day 1 of the acute VNS experiment, the mean duration of the SWD when VNS was applied was higher than in baseline conditions (p < 0.05). However, on day 2, there was no difference in mean duration of the SWD. In the chronic VNS experiment, no statistically significant differences were found between control and stimulated GAERS. Conclusions: Acute VNS applied shortly after the onset of SWD prolonged the mean duration of SWD in GAERS at least during the first day of VNS. Chronic stimulation hardly affected SWD in GAERS.
Behavioral and Histopathological Analysis of Domoic Acid Administration in Marmosets
Authors: Perez‐Mendes Patricia , Cinini Simone M. , Medeiros Magda A. , Tufik Sergio , Mello Luiz E. 
Published: June 2005

Summary:  Purpose: To induce status epilepticus (SE) followed by the subsequent onset of spontaneous recurrent seizures, thus characterizing a new model of temporal lobe epilepsy in a nonhuman primate. Methods: Male and female marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) (n = 18), ages between 2 and 8 years, were injected with domoic acid (0.5–4 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline, and behaviorally assessed with regard to the presence of acutely induced seizures and for ≤6 months for spontaneous seizures. Injection of doses ranging from 3.5 to 4 mg/kg either did not induce SE or resulted in fatal SE. Even a 5‐min SE duration (SE blockade resulting from diazepam injection) proved lethal to marmosets within 1 h of domoate administration, regardless of intensive care and monitoring of the animals. Animals injected with doses ranging from 0.5 to 3 mg/kg that developed only a few minor convulsive signs were allowed a 6‐month survival period for the assessment of spontaneous epileptic events. At the end of the experiment, 6‐month period, or acute intoxication associated with SE induction, animals were deeply anesthetized and had their brains subjected to histologic processing for Nissl and delta‐FosB. Results: For the animals injected with domoate that did not develop SE (i.e., those that survived), we could not detect any behavioral signs of spontaneous epileptic seizures in the 6‐month observation period, and only minor indications of neuropathologic changes (i.e., neuronal death) over Nissl‐stained sections, as well as some small changes in the staining for delta‐FosB in a few of the animals. Conclusions: Systemic administration of domoic acid to marmosets is not effective for the generation of a model of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. Administration of domoic acid at doses that do not lead to SE also did not lead to the development of temporal lobe epilepsy or clear‐cut behavioral changes over a 6‐month period.
Proechimys guyannensis: An Animal Model of Resistance to Epilepsy
Authors: Arida Ricardo Mario , Scorza Fulvio Alexandre , De Amorim Carvalho Reinaldo , Cavalheiro Esper A. 
Published: June 2005

Summary:  Purpose: The potential interest of Proechimys guyannensis (PG), a spiny rat species living in the Amazonian region, as an animal model of anticonvulsant mechanisms, prompted the investigation of the susceptibility of this animal species to different epileptogenic treatments. Methods: Adult male Wistar and PG animals were submitted to amygdala kindling, the pilocarpine model and the intrahippocampal kainic acid (KA) model. Electrographic, behavioral, and neuropathological changes were compared between Wistar and PG animals. Results: PG animals demonstrated a striking resistance to reaching stage 5 of kindling. Of the 43 PG rats submitted to the kindling process, only three animals reached stage 5. In the pilocarpine and KA models, doses lower than those used in Wistar rats were able to induce status epilepticus (SE) in PG animals. Pilocarpine‐induced SE in PG had a shorter duration, rarely exceeding 2 h, in contrast to the 8‐ to 12‐ h long SE in the Wistar rat. Of the 61 PG animals injected with pilocarpine, 48 presented with SE and only two presented with some spontaneous seizures after silent periods of 60 and 66 days. KA elicited self‐sustained electrographic SE in PG animals, which lasted for 72 h. None of the surviving animals presented with spontaneous seizures in the long‐term observation period (up to 120 days). Conclusions: These findings indicate that the PG animal may have natural endogenous anticonvulsant mechanisms and also may be an animal model that is resistant to epileptogenic treatments.
The Subiculum: A Potential Site of Ictogenesis in Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Wozny Christian , Knopp Andreas , Lehmann Thomas‐Nicolas , Heinemann Uwe , Behr Joachim 
Published: June 2005

Summary:  Purpose: This study determines synaptic and intrinsic alterations of subicular pyramidal cells that are associated with activity recorded in patients suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods: Electroencephalograms with sphenoidal electrodes were correlated with in vitro single cell recordings of subicular pyramidal cells from the corresponding resected epileptic tissue. We determined alterations of synaptic and intrinsic properties of subicular pyramidal cells that accompany spontaneous rhythmic activity in human sclerotic and nonsclerotic epileptic tissue. Results: We found that in sclerotic, but also in nonsclerotic hippocampal tissue, the subiculum showed cellular and synaptic changes that were associated with spontaneous rhythmic activity correlated to the occurrence and frequency of interictal discharges recorded in the electroencephalograms of the corresponding patients. Conclusions: Even though Ammon's horn sclerosis (AHS) in resected hippocampi from patients suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy has important prognostic implications for freedom from seizures postoperatively, we report here that both synaptic and intrinsic alterations enhance seizure susceptibility of the subiculum also in the absence of classical AHS.
Use of a pH meter for bacterial screening of whole blood platelets
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Triulzi Darrell J. 
Published: June 2005

BACKGROUND: Bacterial contamination of blood products is a leading cause of transfusion‐related morbidity and mortality. Transfusion services are now compelled to employ methods of detecting bacteria in platelet (PLT) components. The use of pH screening of whole‐blood PLTs (WBPs) was evaluated with a pH meter at the time of issue as a surrogate test for bacterial contamination.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: All WBPs selected for transfusion in May through September 2004 were tested individually for pH at time of issue. Those with a pH value of less than 7.0 were cultured in an automated culture system for 5 days. The white blood cell (WBC) and PLT counts in 56 representative WBP units that failed pH screening were compared to WBP units with acceptable pH values.RESULTS: Of the 37,060 WBP units that underwent pH screening, 405 had a pH value of less than 7.0 (1.1%). Four of those units were culture positive (1.0%) for Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, diphtheroids, and coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus. Only one cocomponent red blood cell (RBC) unit was culture‐positive and grew the same bacteria (S. aureus) as the WBP unit. The rate of pH failure increased with WBP storage length with the greatest rate of pH failures occurring in 5‐day‐old WBPs. The units that failed pH screening had significantly more WBCs and PLTs than units with acceptable pH values.CONCLUSION: pH screening of WBPs at issue prevented transfusion of bacterially contaminated WBPs and RBCs. This method, however, results in significant PLT wastage. Higher WBC and PLT content likely explains pH failures not due to bacterial contamination.
ISBT Code 128 implementation at a regional blood center
Authors: Peck K.B. , Sher L.D. , Parton P.A. , Wright J.F. , Menitove J.E. 
Published: June 2005

BACKGROUND: Application specifications for ISBT 128 bar code symbology and the International Council for Commonality in Blood Bank Automation (ICCBBA) were created in 1994. By June 2000, the FDA considered ISBT 128 a standard for uniform labeling of blood and blood components. Our blood center initiated a change process for ISBT 128 implementation and “went live” in 2003.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The intention to adopt ISBT 128 symbology with hospitals was actively communicated in October 2001. A Codabar‐ISBT label cross‐reference book was developed, FDA approval for the fullface label format in April 2002 was requested, and FDA approval was received in March 2003. In December 2002, donor identification labels and number sets were ordered, and an integration test plan was subsequently developed with departmental process flowcharts for each of the nine affected departments. Each step was tested, the labeling changes were approved in May 2003, training was completed in June 2003, and ISBT bar code symbology was implemented on July 1, 2003. A written survey was sent to hospital transfusion services in April 2004.RESULTS: Implementation went smoothly except for an unanticipated high rate of “no‐reads” on some analyzers in the testing lab. The hospitals spent an average of 18 hours preparing for changes, 14 hours on validation, 4 hours on documentation and procedure development, and 8 hours on training.CONCLUSION: ISBT bar code symbology was successfully implemented. Hospital transfusion services made some adjustments and, overall, readily accepted the new bar code symbology.
Amino‐acid substitution in the disordered loop of blood group B‐glycosyltransferase enzyme causes weak B phenotype
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Denomme Greg A. , Rose Natisha L. , Palcic Monica M. 
Published: June 2005

BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the reaction kinetics and interactions with nucleotide donor and acceptor substrates of mutant human ABO glycosyltransferases. Previous work identified a Bw allele featuring a 556G>A polymorphism giving rise to a weak B phenotype. This polymorphism is predicted to cause a M186V amino‐acid mutation within a highly conserved series of 16 amino acids present both in both blood group A– and blood group B–synthesizing enzymes. These residues are known as the disordered loop because their location cannot be determined in the crystal structure of the enzyme. Another patient has been identified with a 556G>A Bw allele and the kinetics of the resulting mutant glycosyltransferase were studied.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Serologic testing with murine and human reagents, amplification of the coding regions of exons 6 and 7, and DNA sequencing were performed with standard protocols. Enzyme kinetic studies utilized a model of human GTB M186V expressed in Escherichia coli with radiolabeled UDP‐galactose and UDP‐N‐acetylgalactosamine as donor substrates and synthetic H‐disaccharide as acceptor following standard protocols.RESULTS: The patient's red blood cells demonstrated a weak, but not mixed‐field, B phenotype. Kinetic studies on the mutant enzyme revealed diminished activity (kcat = 0.15 per sec with UDP‐galactose compared to 5.1 per sec for wild‐type GTB) and elevated Km values for all substrates.CONCLUSION: This enzyme with a mutation in the disordered loop produces weak B antigen expression because of greatly decreased enzyme activity and reduced affinity for B‐donor and acceptor substances.