bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Time Factor in the Account Books of the Soranzo Fraterna (Venice 1406—1434)
Authors: Ryabova Maria 
Published: October 2023

The paper considers the hypothesis proposed in the literature that the emergence in the 13th — 14th centuries of a new temporal conception defined by Jacques Le Goff as “the merchant’s time” played a significant role in the evolution of accounting in Central and Northern Italy. In order to lay the ground for research on this topic, the author identifies some of the ways and means by which the impact of the time factor could manifest itself in the ledgers of late medieval firms, for instance, the dating of transactions, the recognition of revenue and expense on either accrual or cash basis, various techniques employed to conceal interest on loans (i. e., the illicit “selling of time”), depreciation and amortization methods, the rhythm of business activity and the pace of economic life, capital and merchandise turnover etc. Issues related to the dating of operations are then explored through the example of the Venetian account book that is commonly known as the libro real nuovo of the Soranzo fraterna (1406—1434) and was compiled from numerous ledgers and financial documents to be presented in evidence during a litigation in the court of the giudici di petizion. About 10 % of entries in this manuscript remain undated, partly because the forensic accountant who drew it up was not always able to establish the chronology of long-past business dealings, but also because he opted to leave blank spaces in the new entries he made rather than to backdate them. On the whole, the study of the libro real nuovo reveals that the 15th-century Venetian merchants were fully cognizant of the economic value of time, and in their practice, the date of a business transaction formed an integral part of an accounting entry and supported the authenticity of the latter for legal purposes.
The Main Patterns of Transformation in Organs of Reproductive System During the Evolution of Vertebrates
Authors: Shevlyuk N. N. 
Published: October 2023

The article presents an analysis of the main directions of transformations of the organs of the reproductive system during the evolution of vertebrates at various levels of the hierarchical organization of vertebrates - cellular, tissue, organ, organism, population. During the evolution of vertebrates, gonadal oligomerization occurred, a decrease in the number of hermaphrodite species, a decrease in the relative mass of gonads in the body, and a transition from isogamy to heterogamy (oogamy) was observed. In vertebrates, 4 types of structural and functional organization of male gonads have been formed: follicular type, follicular-cystic type, tubular-cystic type, tubular type. In representatives of different classes of vertebrates, the transformation of the ovaries proceeded in different directions. Large, grape-shaped ovaries have evolved in fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and cloacal mammals. These ovaries, just before the breeding season, can occupy almost the entire abdominal cavity. The ovaries of placental mammals are small in size, their shape is most often oval, the surface is smooth. One of the directions of the evolutionary transformation of the gonads was the compartmentalization of the structures of the male and female gonads, while there was a structural and topographic division into the actual gonads and the genital tract, which were formed on the basis of the structures of the primary kidney. Higher vertebrates have well-developed accessory sex glands. In the gonads, there was a clear topographical distinction between endocrine and germinal structures. Against the background of an increase in the number of species with internal fertilization, against the background of the formation of a complexly organized vagina and uterus in female mammals, the formation and complication of the copulatory organs of males occurred.
Reparative and Inflammatory Changes in Wounds in Animals with Different Resistance to Hypoxia
Authors: Diatroptova M. A. , Mkhitarov V. A. , Ponomarenko E. A. , Zolotova N. A. , Ryabinina O. M. , Makarova O. V. 
Published: October 2023

Individual resistance to hypoxia largely determines the severity of inflammatory processes and, probably, can affect the regeneration of the skin wound.The aim was to study reparative and inflammatory changes in the wound in Wistar rats with different resistance to hypoxia.Material and methods. The study was performed on mature male Wistar rats weighing 300–350 g. Before the experiment, the resistance of animals to hypoxia was determined. Rats were classified as highly resistant to hypoxia (HR), in which the time to take a lateral position in the pressure chamber “at a height” of 11,500 m was more than 360 s (n=5), to low-resistant (LR) – less than 40 s (n=5). A full-thickness wound with a diameter of 16 mm was applied to the animals in the interscapular zone of the back. On the 7th day after the infliction of the wound, a histological and morphometric study was performed. The proliferative activity of cells in the granulation tissue of the wound was determined immunohistochemically using the Ki-67 marker. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the level of expression of the Hif-1α, Nf-κB, and Vegf genes.Results. It was shown that in rats with high resistance to hypoxia, the total number of cells and, among them, the number of inflammatory cells was higher than in rats with low resistance to hypoxia. However, the percentage of inflammatory cells in the compared groups did not differ significantly. Cell proliferative activity, as measured by the number of Ki-67 positive cells, was higher in rats with high resistance to hypoxia. In the granulation tissue of highly resistant to hypoxia rats, the expression of the Vegf gene was statistically significantly higher than in low-resistant animals, while there were no statistically significant differences in the level of expression of the Hif-1α, Nf-κB genes.Conclusion. In rats with high resistance to hypoxia, on the 7th day of healing of a full-thickness skin wound, reparative processes in it are more pronounced. In the horizontal layer of fibroblasts, there are more cells, among them inflammatory ones - histiocytes and macrophages, which is combined with a higher number of proliferating Ki-67 positive cells and the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf).
Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Colon Glial Cells in Experimental Desynchronosis
Authors: Luzikova E. M. , Sumbaev D. O. , Bakhman E. K. 
Published: October 2023

The effect of exogenous and endogenous melatonin on GFAP and S-100 positive cells of the colon mucosa of rats kept under different lighting conditions was studied.The aim was to estimate the effect of melatonin on the structural and functional characteristics of colon glial cells in normal conditions and in experimental desynchronosis.Material and methods. The study was conducted on laboratory male Wistar rats (n=72), 2-months old, weighing 180–200 g, divided into 6 groups 12 rats in each. Group I consisted of animals treated in natural light conditions; Group II – rats treated in natural light conditions, receiving synthetic melatonin (Melaxen, Unipharm, Inc., USA) ad libitum at a concentration of 4 mg/l with drinking water; Group III – animals treated in constant darkness; Group IV – animals treated in constant darkness and received melatonin; Group V consisted of animals treated under constant lighting conditions; Group VI included rats treated in constant lighting conditions and received melatonin. Astrocytes were identified using an indirect immunohistochemical method using polyclonal antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (Dako, Germany 750 µg/ml) and protein S-100 (Spring Bio Science USA 1:300). Cells were counted using a Carl Zeiss Axio Scope A1 microscope at 400 magnification and SigmaScan Pro 5 software. Statistical processing was carried out using the MS Excel and Statistica 17 programs.Results. The number of GFAP positive cells decreased in groups III and V. Conditions II and VI resulted in a decrease in the number of gliocytes. In group IV, the administration of melatonin led to an increase in the number of studied cells. A significant increase in the optical density of GFAP in colon gliocytes was observed only when rats were treated under constant lighting conditions. The number of S-100 positive cells decreased in groups III and II. Conditions V and IV led to an increase in the number of S-100 positive cells. The optical density of S-100 does not depend on photoperiod.Conclusion. S-100B and GFAP positive glial cells of the colon respond both to changes in photoperiod and to the administration of exogenous melatonin. In particular, under constant dark conditions, the number of GFAP and S-100B positive cells decreases. The obtained data can be used in the elaboration of new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of intestinal diseases.
Constitutional and Index Assessment of the Physical Development of Young People in the Altai Krai
Authors: Mershalova A. A. , Borodina G. N. , Elyasin P. A. , Marchenko A. A. 
Published: October 2023

The aim of the study was to comprehensively assess the indicators of physical development of adolescents subject to the assigned medical commission and young men subject to the military medical commission living in the Altai Krai, taking into account their motor activity by the index method.Material and methods. The study involved 1,186 young people of the Altai Krai aged 14–19 years. Among them there were 558 teenagers subject to the assigned medical commission and 628 young men subject to the military medical commission. Within each group, subgroups were identified in relation to motor activity. Each participant of the study gave voluntary informed written consent. The examination included the determination of 44 anthropometric parameters of the human body.Results. The studied adolescents and young men were harmoniously developed, however, the persons subject to medical commission, in the majority had an asthenic type, while the persons subject to military medical commission had normosthenic without taking into account motor activity. In the group of people with high motor activity, a strong physique was observed. The percentage of hypotrophy was higher in individuals with average motor activity in both study groups. A proportional type of fat deposition was observed in both study groups, however, in persons with average motor activity, the percentage of persons with a gynoid type of deposition was higher. Persons subject to military medical commission had higher Tanner Index scores. During the intragroup analysis, higher indicators of this index were noted in the group of people with high motor activity.Conclusion. The results of the study conducted in groups of adolescents and young men subject to assigned medical commission and military medical commission living in the Altai Krai show the heterogeneity of the study groups. Increased motor activity contributes to the androgenization of adolescents and adolescents in general, an increase in the chest, an increase in body weight.
Detection of Fat Cells in Uterine Scars During Normal Pregnancy and with Placenta Accreta Spectrum
Authors: Milovanov A. P. , Tikhonova N. B. , Fokina T. V. , Kulikov I. A. , Nizyaeva N. V. 
Published: October 2023

The aim was to investigate the presence of fat cells (adipocytes) using morphological methods in the uterus of women without signs of scarring, with well–off scars after cesarean section (CS), as well as in a group of patients with different variants of atypical placentation.Material and methods. A retrospective histological and immunohistochemical study of the uterine wall material obtained during abdominal delivery in normal pregnancy without a previous CS in medical history (group 1, n=10), in normal pregnancy with a previous CS in anamnesis and the presence of a scar in the uterine wall (group 2, n=23) was performed, in pregnancy complicated by the ingrowth of placental villi (group 3, n=22).Results. In the uteroplacental region, the fat component was found in all three groups. No adipocytes were found in group 1 (0%). In group 2, fields of fat cells of different sizes were found in 19 cases out of 23 studied (83%) and only in the scar zone: in serosa 40%, in the perivascular zone 28%, among muscle bundles 15%. In the 3rd group with the ingrowth of placental villi into the scar zone, a “hernia” of the thinned uterine wall was detected in 68% of cases. The adipocytic component in this group was detected in 86% of cases (19 out of 22). Localization of adipocytes was observed in serosa (56%), in the perivascular zone (25%) and among muscle bundles (6%). No adipocytic component was found in the uterine wall outside the scar tissue.Conclusion. An adipocytic component was identified, undoubtedly associated with traumatic damage to the uterus and the presence of a scar in the wall. What are the relationships between the presence of fat cells in the scar tissue and its predisposition to the pathology of ingrowth of villi is unknown and requires further research.
Crocin Protects Mice Pancreatic Islets from Oxidative Stress Induced by Methylglyoxal and Increases Insulin Secretion
Authors: RADMEHR Vahid , AHANGARPOUR Akram , HAROONI Elnaz , NOEI RAZLIQI Reza 
Published: October 2023

Aim: Islets of Langerhans are more sensitive to oxidative damage because of their low antioxidant capacity. In diabetes, methylglyoxal (MG) accumulates in the pancreas. The present study examined the effect of crocin on oxidative stress induced by MG in isolated Langerhans islets from male mice.
Material and Methods: Twenty-four male mice weighing 20 to 25 g were prepared. The isolated Langerhans islets were transferred to the culture medium. Oxidative stress was induced through MG administration for 30 min, and then 10, 20, 30, and 40 μM of crocin was used for 2 h. Samples were divided into seven groups with 2.8, 5.6, and 16.7 mM glucose concentrations: control, MG 300 μM, MG+glibenclamide 10 μM, and MG+crocin in four doses of 10, 20, 30, and 40 μM. At the end, the islet’s insulin, antioxidant levels, and lipid peroxidation were assessed by ELISA and calorimetry methods.
Results: Increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in MG groups significantly decreased in 2.8 (p=0.008), 5.6 (p=0.004), and 16.7 (p˂0.001) mM glucose concentrations, with administration of 30 and 40 μM crocin. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was reduced in MG groups (p˂0.001) and significantly restored in all crocin-treated groups in 2.8, 5.6, and 16.7 mM glucose concentrations. Also, a significant decrease in insulin secretion and content was observed in MG groups of all three glucose concentrations (p˂0.001). Crocin at high doses improved these alterations.
Conclusion: MG caused oxidative damage and reduced insulin secretion in isolated islets. Crocin improved the antioxidant defense system, diminished MDA, and increased insulin secretion.
Role of Quadriceps Tendon Autograft in Primary and Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Marcaccio Stephen E. , Morrissey Patrick J. , Testa Edward J. , Fadale Paul D. 
Published: October 2023

» The quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft is becoming increasingly popular in both primary and revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).» The biomechanical properties of the QT are similar to those of the native ACL, the hamstring tendon (HT), and bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) autografts.» QT autograft allows surgeons to be flexible with their graft size and reconstruction technique.» The QT autograft performs in a similar fashion to the BTB and HT autografts, with excellent patient-reported outcomes, consistent postoperative knee stability, and low rates of postoperative complications including graft failure and donor site morbidity.» There are emerging data that the QT autograft is a viable option in revision ACLR.
Multiple Production Time Series Forecasting Using Deepar and Probabilistic Forecasting
Authors: Han JiangXia , Xue Liang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The majority of production forecasting methods currently used are point forecasting methods developed in the setting of individual well forecasting. For an actual oilfield, instead of needing to predict individual production time series, one is faced with forecasting thousands of related time series and the uncertainty can be assessed. The objective of this work is to enable global modeling and probabilistic forecasting of a large number of related production time series using Deep Autoregressive Recurrent Neural Networks (DeepAR). The DeepAR model consists of three parts. First, the auxiliary data such as static classification covariates and dynamic covariates are encoded. Second, establish a forward model based on an autoregressive recurrent neural network. Third, the normal distribution is defined as the output distribution function. And the variance and mean are obtained by solving the maximum log-likelihood function using the gradient descent algorithm. We demonstrate how the application of DeepAR to forecasting can overcome many of the challenges(e.g. frequent well shut-in and opening, probabilistic prediction, classification prediction) that are faced by widely-used classical approaches to the problem. In this work, history fitting and prediction were performed on a dataset from more than 2000 tight gas reservoir wells in the Ordos Basin, China. The DeepAR and conventional methods were tested and compared based on the datasets. We show through extensive empirical evaluation on several real-world forecasting data sets accuracy improvements of around 30% compared to RNN-based networks. In the case of frequent well shut-ins and openings, the RNN-based network structure cannot capture the fast pressure response and extreme fluctuations, which eventually leads to high errors. In contrast, DeepAR is more stable to frequent or significant well variations, can learn different dynamic and static category features, generates calibrated probabilistic forecasts with high accuracy, and can learn complex patterns such as seasonality and uncertainty growth over time from the data. This study provides more general production forecasting and analysis of production dynamics methods from a big data perspective. Instead of performing costly well tests or shut-ins, reservoir engineers can extract valuable long-term reservoir performance information from predictions estimated by DeepAR trained on an extensive collection of related production time series data.
Estimation of Water Cut, Gas Oil Ratio and Inflow Parameters for Deep Water Wells with Infrequent Well Tests Using Regression-Based Method
Authors: Nandanwar Manish , Lolla Sri , Pareek Aditya , Pandya Rohan , Gupta Robin , Kedia Kushal 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Real-time production surveillance and optimization requires availability of predictive well models with reasonable accuracy that can estimate production rates in response to change in operating conditions. These models that are mostly physics based are parameterized in terms of gas oil ratio (GOR), water cut (WC), productivity index (PI), and reservoir pressure. Further, the models are tuned using measured data namely production rates of oil, water, gas, and pressure measurements such as downhole gauge pressure, wellhead and flowline pressures that are captured during a well test. For mature oil fields where, well tests are infrequent or sensors start malfunctioning, relevant data required for model tuning is no longer available. In absence of updated models, real-time predictions tend to deviate with time compared to the observed data resulting in less reliable well rate allocation and production optimization recommendations, if any. This work describes a regression-based technique and its application for predicting quantitative as well as directional changes in well parameters between well tests that can be used to improve well allocations.
A regression method that estimates well parameters while minimizing a non-linear least square loss function derived from deviation between measured and model-based estimates of rate and pressure data is implemented. The method can estimate well parameters for both an individual and multiple wells simultaneously while solving for a network of wells connected to production separator using IPM GAP. The application of the method to a subsea asset is demonstrated while evaluating its performance for different scenarios comprising variation in number of wells and well parameters. Additionally, the capability of the method to predict directional changes in well parameters is demonstrated by validating it against historical data.
The estimates from regression method were found within 5% difference compared to well parameters obtained from multiphase flow meters for the scenarios where number of wells and the number of regression parameters per well were limited. This difference increased with increase in number of wells and number of regression parameters per well owing to the fact that solution space expands with increased degrees of freedom. However, the directional changes in parameters were predicted accurately when looked at larger time scales. It was inferred that the application of regression method is best suited for the scenarios where well parameter estimations are needed for a limited number of wells and the parameters for the remaining wells in a network are representative. Additionally, availability and reliability of sensor data largely impacts the method outcomes.
Detection of Leaky Pneumatic Actuators in Real-Time for Fugitive Methane Emissions Management
Authors: Adeyemi A. K. , Younis R. M. , Keller M. W. , Lynch P. K. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Pneumatic actuators are pervasive in oil and gas infrastructure, from wellhead sites to transmission lines. Domestic field studies (industry and government stakeholders) identify them as the leading culprit for unintended fugitive methane leaks. We developed a real-time computational approach that utilizes streaming observations of an actuator’s inlet pressure, rate, and displacement to identify whether it is leaky. The approach can be used in integrated modeling workflows to account for the implications of controls on emissions.
Our approach is informed by the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) between compressible gas flow and diaphragmatic elastodynamic. Canonical models are established with a dimensionless parameter space, given cataloged device specifications. High-fidelity three-dimensional FSI simulation is applied to generate a large synthetic dataset spanning operations of the pneumatic actuator under normal and dysfunctional settings. The dataset provides a statistically meaningful sampling of diaphragm rupture events during transient and steady periods with the addition of noise to account for measurement errors and background vibration. Dimensional analysis is applied to design predictor features, and several supervised-learning methods are applied within a hyper-parameterized dimensionless space.
Training, validation, and testing are performed, and confusion matrices and prediction accuracy are computed to assess the predictive capacity of the methods. The accuracy of the methods ranged between 80% and 97% for binary leak/no-leak predictions. Predictions for multicategory leaks (tear geometry and size) show improved accuracy with tear size. Combined pressure transient and elastodynamic predictors improve performance significantly compared to the use of acoustic data only. Generalization within the spectrum of relatively narrow designs is promising.
Previously reported leak detection methods exploited the dynamics of rapid negative pressure waves as a key discriminator. However, given the rapid timescales and sensitivity to sensor location, predictive accuracy is limited. This work augments acoustics with mechanics to obtain a stark improvement in predictive accuracy. Furthermore, the predictors are evaluated exclusively using process flow observations and device specifications, rendering our methods amenable to use in integrated surface facility models and SCADA systems.