bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of a Harvested Leslie–Gower Predator–Prey Model with Simplified Holling Type IV Functional Response
Authors: Huangfu Chenyang , Li Zhong , Chen Fengde , Chen Lijuan , He Mengxin 
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates a Leslie–Gower predator–prey model with simplified Holling type IV functional response and constant-yield prey harvesting. We analyze conditions for the existence of positive equilibria and prove that the system has at most four positive equilibria. The results show that the double positive equilibrium is a cusp of codimension at most 4, the triple positive equilibrium is a degenerate saddle or nilpotent focus of codimension-3, and the quadruple positive equilibrium is a nilpotent cusp of codimension-5. In addition, as the parameters vary, the system can undergo a cusp-type (or focus-type) degenerate Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation of codimension-4 (or codimension-3). Furthermore, the positive equilibrium is a weak focus of order at most 4, and the model can undergo a degenerate Hopf bifurcation of codimension-4. Finally, our main results are verified by some numerical simulations, which also reveal that there exist three limit cycles containing one positive equilibrium, or one (or two) limit cycles containing three positive equilibria, or a limit cycle as well as a homoclinic loop.
Zero Forcing Number of Cubic and Quartic Cayley Graphs on Abelian Groups
Authors: Li Huixian , Ji Shengjin , Li Guang 
Published: January 2025

Let [Formula: see text] be the Cayley graph on the abelian group [Formula: see text]. The zero forcing number [Formula: see text] of graph [Formula: see text] is the minimum of [Formula: see text] over all zero forcing sets [Formula: see text]. In this paper, for cubic connected Cayley graphs [Formula: see text] on abelian groups [Formula: see text], we show that [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we prove that for quartic connected Cayley graphs [Formula: see text] on abelian groups [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], either [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] is determined by the order of the elements of [Formula: see text].
Automated Monitoring of Web User Interfaces
Authors: Visconti Ennio , Tsigkanos Christos , Nenzi Laura 
Published: January 2025

Application development for the modern Web involves sophisticated engineering workflows – including user interface (UI) aspects. Such user interfaces comprise Web elements that are typically created with HTML/CSS markup and JavaScript-like languages, yielding Web documents. Their testing entails performing checks to examine visual and structural parts of the resulting UI software against requirements such as usability, accessibility, performance, or, increasingly, compliance with standards. However, current techniques are largely ad-hoc and tailor-made to specific classes of requirements or Web technologies and extensively require human-in-the-loop qualitative evaluations. Web UI evaluation so far has lacked formal foundations, which would provide assurances of compliance with requirements in an automatic manner.
To this end,
we devise a methodology and accompanying technical framework for web UIs. In our approach, requirements are formally specified in a spatio-temporal logic able to capture both the layout of visual components as well as how they change over time, as a user interacts with them. The technique we advocate is independent of the underlying technologies a Web application may be developed with, as well as the browser and operating system used.
To concretely support the specification and evaluation of UI requirements, our framework is grounded on open-source tools for instrumenting, analyzing, and reporting spatio-temporal behaviors in webpages. We demonstrate our approach in practice over
Web accessibility standards posing challenges for automated verification.
The Author’s Journey - Understanding and improving the authoring process of theory-driven socially intelligent agents
Authors: Guimarães Manuel , Campos Joana , Santos Pedro A. , Dias João , Prada Rui 
Published: January 2025

State of the art agent-modelling tools support the creation of powerful Socially Intelligent Agents (SIAs) capable of engaging in social interactions with participants in various roles and environments. However, their deployment demands a laborious authoring task as it is necessary to manually define behaviour rules and create content for different interaction scenarios.
While Socially Intelligent Agents (SIAs) research has centered on the user experience, we shift focus to the authors. To understand the challenges faced by authors who create these agents, we performed an innovative analysis of the authoring experience in modern agent modelling tools. One key finding is that, while SIA concepts are generally understandable, emotional-based concepts are not as easily comprehended or used by authors. We propose a hybrid solution approach that culminated in the development of Authoring Assisted FAtiMA-Toolkit. The augmented agent modeling tool incorporates a data-driven authoring assistant to boost author productivity while promoting transparency and authorial control. To evaluate the impact of this framework on the authoring experience, we conducted a user study. Results showed that authors using the Authoring-Assisted FAtiMA-Toolkit were on average able to create more SIA-related content in less time.
Our findings suggest that data-augmented, theory-grounded agent modeling tools can support the development of affective social agents by reducing the authoring burden without sacrificing the framework’s clarity or the authors’ control over the content
Role of the Spring Sea Surface Temperature over the Southeastern Indian Ocean in Bridging the Indian Ocean Dipole and Subsequent ENSO
Authors: Zhong Yue , Lin Wenshi , Zhang Tuantuan , Yuan Dongliang , Yang Song , Lin Shuheng , Yu Wei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A significant relationship exists between the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) and the following year’s El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), in spite of the uncertainty in the associated mechanisms. Here, we show that the spring sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the southeastern Indian Ocean (SEIO) play a bridging role in the teleconnection of the IOD and subsequent year’s ENSO. A positive IOD could induce a positive tendency of SST in the SEIO region from autumn to winter, primarily through the cloud–radiation–SST feedback, forming an anomalous SEIO warming which persists into the subsequent spring. As the oceanic forcing dominates in spring, the SEIO warming can induce/maintain the anomalous anticyclonic circulation over the western North Pacific according to the Gill model response, accompanied by easterly wind anomalies over the western equatorial Pacific that generate eastward-propagating upwelling Kelvin waves. As a result, anomalous cooling appears in the central-eastern tropical Pacific in the following seasons, manifesting as a La Niña mode. Additionally, the role of the ocean channel (i.e., the Indonesian Throughflow) in connecting the spring SEIO SST and the subsequent eastern Pacific SSTs is also discussed.
Biochemical osteomalacia in adults undergoing vitamin D testing in the North-East of Scotland
Authors: Macleod Angus D , Bolland Mark J , Balfour Andrew , Grey Andrew , Newmark Josh , Avenell Alison 
Published: January 2025

Background International guidelines give greatly varying definitions of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) insufficiency and deficiency. Vitamin D testing is increasing despite 2016 UK guidance for adults advising routine vitamin D supplementation October-March and year-round for high risk groups. A service evaluation of vitamin D testing and biochemical osteomalacia in the North-East of Scotland (57–58°N) could inform definitions and testing guidance. Methods We identified adult 25OHD requests 8/7/2008–29/2/2020 and albumin-adjusted serum calcium (aCa), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) within 6 months of 25OHD testing. After excluding renal impairment and liver disease, we defined biochemical osteomalacia as ALP >130 IU/L and aCa <2.0 mmol/L and elevated PTH >9.2 or >6.8 pmol/L, depending on the assay. Possible biochemical osteomalacia was defined as 2 of these abnormalities in the absence of the third measurement. From these cases anonymised clinical data were then examined to confirm the diagnosis of osteomalacia. Results 25,379 eligible patients had 25OHD measured: 25% were <25 nmol/L (6,258/25,379) and 18% <20 nmol/L (4,536/25,379). 0.5% (126/25,379) of eligible patients had biochemical or possible biochemical osteomalacia. After reviewing clinical records, only 0.1% (29/25,379) had clinically confirmed osteomalacia, equivalent to 2–3 cases/y for a population of 0.5 million, none of the untreated cases of clinically confirmed osteomalacia had 25OHD >25 nmol/L. For the entire tested population, when 25OHD was <25 nmol/L untreated osteomalacia confirmed by clinical records was rare (0.4%). Conclusions Osteomalacia is rare in North-East Scotland. Our data call into question designating 25OHD 25–50 nmol/L ‘insufficiency’. The risk of osteomalacia even when 25OHD is <25 nmol/L is very low.
Adaptive promising zone design for sequential parallel comparison design with continuous outcomes
Authors: Lu Xinlin , Shan Guogen 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The sequential parallel comparison design has emerged as a valuable tool in clinical trials with high placebo response rates. To further enhance its efficiency and effectiveness, adaptive strategies, such as sample size adjustment and allocation ratio modification can be employed. Methods: We compared the performance of Jennison and Turnbull’s method and the Promising Zone approach for sample size adjustment in a two-phase sequential parallel comparison design study. We also evaluated the impact of allocation ratio adjustments using Neyman and Optimal allocation strategies. Various scenarios were simulated to assess the effects of different design parameters, including weight in the test statistic, initial randomization ratio, and interim analysis timing. Results: The Promising Zone approach demonstrated superior or comparable power to Jennison and Turnbull’s method at equivalent expected sample sizes while maintaining the intuitive property that more promising interim results lead to smaller required follow-up sample sizes. However, the Promising Zone approach may require a larger maximum possible sample size in some cases. The addition of allocation ratio adjustments offered minimal improvements overall, but showed potential benefits when the variance in the treatment group was larger than that in the placebo group. We also applied our findings to a real-world example from the AVP-923 trial in patients with Alzheimer’s disease-related agitation, demonstrating the practical implications of adaptive sequential parallel comparison designs in clinical research. Discussion: Adaptive strategies can significantly enhance the efficiency of sequential parallel comparison designs. The choice between sample size adjustment methods should consider trade-offs between power, expected sample size, and maximum adjusted sample size. Although allocation ratio adjustments showed limited overall impact, they may be beneficial in specific scenarios. Future research should explore the application of these adaptive strategies to binary and survival outcomes in sequential parallel comparison designs.
Epidemiology of Thyroid Diseases in Patients of Heart Failure in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Biswas Soham , Sarkar Pinaki , Patra Tushar Kanti 
Published: January 2025

Background Thyroid diseases are common in India. Both insufficient and excess thyroid hormones cause adverse cardiovascular events. Subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism while undiagnosed can lead to derangement of cardiac functions. This study aimed to explore thyroid function abnormalities among heart failure patients of different severity (NYHA class). Methodology A descriptive, cross-sectional study was undertaken on 492 heart failure patients (246 males and 246 females) of age greater than 18 years. Patients were classified according to NYHA. Serum TSH and FT4 were investigated. Data were analyzed by standard statistical software. Results The mean age of participants was 54.2 ± 13.1 years. Mean FT4 and TSH were 1.36 ± 0.39 ng/dL and 2.89 ± 1.15 mIU/L, respectively. Patients belonged to NYHA class II (35.4%), III (52.4%) and IV (12.2%). Comorbidities included Hypertension (38%), Diabetes Mellitus (29%) and Dyslipidemia (52%). Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were present in 27% and 5% patients respectively in overt or subclinical forms. The prevalence of thyroid disorders among NYHA class II, III and IV patients were 17%, 37%, and 50%, respectively. Conclusion Thyroid disorders were present in about one-third of the patients with heart failure. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was almost five times that of hyperthyroidism. The prevalence of thyroid disorders increased with the severity of heart failure.
Investigating orbital foreign device-associated malignancies: a scoping review
Authors: Ha Jeong Hyun , Arora Jagmeet S. , Sayadi Jamasb J. , Khattab Nada R. , Francis Shannon D. , Johnstone Thomas M. , Jang Yeonji , Lee Gordon K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
While prosthesis-associated malignancies have been acknowledged, awareness among surgeons and patients in the ophthalmologic field remains limited, despite the frequent occurrence of prosthesis-related surgeries. We aim to address this gap through a scoping review of malignancies following ophthalmologic surgeries involving various foreign device/prosthesis/implants.

Methods
Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a review using PubMed and Embase for studies on cancer and ophthalmic prostheses/implants. The final selection of articles for the ophthalmology aspect underwent rigorous investigation.

Results
We analyzed 30 studies, identifying 41 cases of malignancies following interventions involving orbital foreign devices. Foreign devices linked to malignancies included scleral shells, orbital implants, scleral buckles, encircling bands, and gold plates. Ocular surface squamous neoplasm was most common, with 29 cases. Other malignancies observed were pleomorphic sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, sebaceous carcinoma, malignant melanoma, adenocarcinoma, and metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. These malignancies varied in characteristics and demographics, with some showing metastasis or local invasion. The median time to tumor development was 40 years.

Conclusions
This study highlights a spectrum of malignancies following orbital foreign device procedures and suggests a potential association between different types of orbital foreign devices and malignancies. Future studies, including well-designed epidemiologic studies and scientific experiments, are warranted to elucidate the causal relationship.
Barriers and facilitators to engagement with between-session work for low-intensity Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)-based interventions: a qualitative exploration of practitioner perceptions
Authors: Bennion Mia , Blakemore Amy , Lovell Karina , Bee Penny 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
To address the growing demand for psychological treatment, healthcare providers are increasingly utilising low-intensity interventions, characterised by reduced practitioner contact and emphasis on independent patient engagement with therapeutic materials through between-session work (BSW). While BSW is critical for maximising treatment outcomes, patients and practitioners report challenges with its completion. Research identifying factors influencing between-session engagement in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) has largely focused on high-intensity CBT, limiting understanding within low-intensity contexts.

Methods
This study explored practitioner perspectives on the barriers and facilitators of BSW engagement within low-intensity CBT-based interventions. Using interpretive description methodology, 22 Psychological Well-being Practitioners (PWPs) from UK National Health Service (NHS) Talking Therapies services were interviewed. Inductive and deductive framework analysis was used to crossmatch data to an existing conceptual model of predictors for CBT BSW engagement.

Results
Practitioners identified patient-level barriers including passive treatment expectations, comorbid health conditions, social stressors, and reduced mental health literacy, particularly among ethnic minority populations. Practitioner-level facilitators involved clear task planning and personalised BSW tailored to patients’ sociocultural environments. Organisational recommendations emphasised the need for diverse workforces and adequate training in culturally sensitive care.

Conclusions
Findings underscore the importance of practitioner behaviours in optimising patient engagement between-sessions, offering clear directions to enhance treatment outcomes in globally adopted low-intensity interventions.
A survey study of physical activity participation in different organisational forms among groups of immigrants and descendants in Denmark
Authors: Schmidt Eva Berthelsen , Elmose-Østerlund Karsten , Ibsen Bjarne 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Several studies have found that immigrants and descendants are less physically active than the majority population, particularly within sports clubs. However, most studies do not provide breakdowns by specific ethnic groups or organisational forms. Therefore, our paper analyses the influence of ethnicity, immigrant status, and sociodemographic and -economic characteristics on the physical activity participation of immigrants and descendants in sports clubs, commercial centres and self-organised activities in Denmark.

Methods
Data were collected through a survey study conducted in 2020, with responses from approximately 163,000 adults, of whom eight percent had an immigrant or descendant background. We conducted both a descriptive analysis of the dependent and independent variables and multiple logistic regression analyses, one including the entire sample (including citizens of Danish origin) and one including only citizens with an immigrant or descendant background.

Results
Our analysis revealed that immigrants and descendants, particularly those of non-Western origin, were significantly less likely than ethnic Danes to be active within the three organisational forms, with the smallest differences observed regarding participation in commercial centres. The analysis also revealed that besides ethnicity, immigrant status and sociodemographic and -economic characteristics were relevant in explaining differences in physical activity participation.

Conclusion
Our study makes a significant contribution to the literature on physical activity participation among immigrants and descendants from various backgrounds. By utilising a robust sample size and employing statistical analysis, we offer novel insights into participation patterns that have traditionally been explored more qualitatively. Besides the need to study physical activity participation in different organisational forms among different ethnic backgrounds, we also highlight the importance of considering immigrant status and sociodemographic and -economic characteristics in understanding participation behaviours. These findings imply the importance of adopting a holistic and nuanced approach to promoting physical activity participation among immigrant and descendant populations, considering the multifaceted nature of the barriers and facilitators influencing engagement within different organisational settings.
Heterogeneity of treatment effect: the case for individualising oxygen therapy in critically ill patients
Authors: Martin Daniel S. , Grocott Michael P. W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Oxygen therapy is ubiquitous in critical illness but oxygenation targets to guide therapy remain controversial despite several large randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Findings from RCTs evaluating different approaches to oxygen therapy in critical illness present a confused picture for several reasons. Differences in both oxygen target measures (e.g. oxygen saturation or partial pressure) and the numerical thresholds used to define lower and higher targets complicate comparisons between trials. The duration of and adherence to oxygenation targets is also variable with consequent substantial variation in both the dose and the dose separation. Finally, heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE) may also be a significant factor. HTE is defined as non-random variation in the benefit or harm of a treatment, in which the variation is associated with or attributable to patient characteristics. This narrative review aims to make the case that such heterogeneity is likely in relation to oxygen therapy for critically ill patients and that this has significant implications for the design and interpretation of trials of oxygen therapy in this context. HTE for oxygen therapy amongst critically ill patients may explain the contrasting results from different clinical trials of oxygen therapy. Individualised oxygen therapy may overcome this challenge, and future studies should incorporate ways to evaluate this approach.

Graphical Abstract
An efficient binary spider wasp optimizer for multi-dimensional knapsack instances: experimental validation and analysis
Authors: Abdel-Basset Mohamed , Mohamed Reda , Sallam Karam M. , Alrashdi Ibrahim , Hameed Ibrahim A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper presents a binary variant of the recently proposed spider wasp optimizer (SWO), namely BSWO, for accurately tackling the multidimensional knapsack problem (MKP), which is classified as an NP-hard optimization problem. The classical methods could not achieve acceptable results for this problem in a reasonable amount of time. Therefore, the researchers have recently turned their focus to metaheuristic algorithms to address this problem more accurately and in an acceptable amount of time. However, the majority of metaheuristic algorithms proposed for MKP suffer from slow convergence speed and low quality of final results, especially as the number of dimensions increases. This motivates us to present BSWO discretized using nine well-known transfer functions belonging to three categories—X-shaped, S-shaped, and V-shaped families—for effectively and efficiently tackling this problem. In addition, it is integrated with the improved repair operator 4 (RO4) to present a hybrid variant, namely BSWO-RO4, which could effectively repair and improve infeasible solutions for achieving better performance. Several small, medium, and large-scale MKP instances are used to assess both BSWO and BSWO-RO4. The usefulness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms are also demonstrated by comparing both of them to several metaheuristic optimizers in terms of some performance criteria. The experimental findings demonstrate that BSWO-RO4 can achieve exceptional results for the small and medium-scale instances, while the genetic algorithm integrated with RO4 can be superior for the large-scale instances. Additionally, the results of the experiments demonstrate that BSWO integrated with RO4 is more efficient than BSWO integrated with RO2.