bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microchannel based Multistage Solvent Extraction Studies for the Separation of Propionic Acid from its Aqueous Mixture using Hydrocarbon Solvents
Authors: Singh Sudhanshu , Kumar U K Arun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Solvent extraction is an important industrial operation where several stages are needed for a desired separation. Microchannel based solvent extraction is widely reported for process intensification. However, all these works are confined to a single-stage extraction till date. For industrial application knowledge of multistage extraction is mandatory. This work focuses on the multistage microchannel extraction using a model mixture containing aqueous propionic acid. Four different single solvents were employed in this study hexane, toluene, heptane, and cyclohexanol. The Effect of flow rate, flow ratio on percentage extraction, extraction efficiency, and the required number of stages was investigated. The number of stages required for the maximum recovery of PA from the raffinate is 5 for hexane &heptane and 3 for toluene and 2 for cyclohexanol. The percentage extraction of solvents obtained overall through all the stages is, cyclohexanol, 57–89%, toluene, 35–50%, heptane, 27–51%, and hexane 19-31.3%. Cyclohexanol produced the maximum percentage extraction. The extraction efficiency and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient decreased with the stage numbers. The maximum extraction efficiency for all the solvents is in the range of 98-99.8%. A microchannel stack is found to reduce the total annual cost (TAC). Particularly, fabrication in India results in very less capital cost for the microchannels i.e.1.9–14.3% of TAC. The total annual cost analysis of toluene is the minimum than other solvents.
Economic Gains of Transitioning Towards Reduced-Risk Products: Evidence from Mexico
Authors: Herrera Alejandro Espinosa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Unhealthy behaviors such as poor diet and tobacco use contribute to disease burden and escalating healthcare costs. This paper evaluates potential savings from people adopting reduced risk behaviors in Mexico. Using the Preventable Risk Integrated Model, we compare actual consumption in 2016 (baseline) to optimal intake following WHO guidelines (counterfactual) for salt, fiber, fruit/vegetables, and fat to estimate reductions in coronary, cerebrovascular, cancer, diabetes and hypertensive diseases. We also model 50% of smokers switching to e-cigarettes/heated tobacco with 65–97% lower disease risk. Results indicate over 650,000 preventable cases annually, mostly from diet changes (fruits/vegetables, fat, salt). Healthcare cost savings reach $3.4 billion USD; $2.8 billion from nutrition and $0.3 billion from smoking substitution. Fruit/vegetable intake and reduced fat confer over $1 billion savings each. Salt and fiber also contribute significantly. Adding smoking transitions provides further savings. Shifting Mexicans towards healthier diets and alternative nicotine products could substantially lower disease burden and healthcare costs. These findings underscore the economic imperative of promoting reduced-risk behaviors through public health policies.
The association between peptic ulcer disease and physical activity in Wuwei cohort of northwest China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Li BoWen , Zheng Ya , Peng KaiPeng , Guo QingHong , Ji Rui , Chen ZhaoFeng , Wang YuPing , Ren Qian , Zhou YongNing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Although the incidence of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is gradually decreasing, it is still a common upper gastrointestinal disease worldwide. The relationship between PUD and physical activities was evaluated in Wuwei cohort. Ultimately 4612 patients were included. The status of PUD was confirmed by gastroscopy and the metabolic equivalents of task (MET) scores were evaluated through questionnaires. In addition to the overall analysis, stratified regression analysis was performed based on body measurement indice and age. Female participants in moderate level group had a lower prevalence of gastric ulcer (GU) (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.93). After further adjusting, the same conclusion could still be reached (model 2 OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.99). In stratified analysis based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), moderate physical activity was associated with a reduction in the risk of GU among females. In stratified analysis by age, participants with age < 60 in moderate and high level groups had a lower risk of GU. The prevalence of gastric ulcer in female participants with moderate physical activity was lower. In addition, females under 60 in the high level group had a lower risk of PUD.
Combining data mining and image processing techniques to establish abnormal image prediction mode to increase radiologists' reports quality — use liver cancer patients as an example
Authors: Zhao Hongbo , Lee Chie-Shuan , Yang Zhuochang , Xu Hai-Bing , Hu Ya-Han , Tsai Sung-Yi , Chen Jiangang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Research shows that the excessive image interpretation can lead to errors in radiologists’ interpretations. Therefore, if a decision-making system can be introduced to assist radiologists in generating image reports and accurately identifying lesions holds significant importance. This study utilizes Magnetic Resonance (MR) images of the liver as research materials, and employs machine learning technology to discern tumor presence within the images. The aim is to develop a prediction model to assist in the interpretation of tumor images. A total of 571 patients' liver MRI images were collected. Initially, three sets of sequence images were subjected to pre-processing and feature extraction. Subsequently, the extracted image feature data was applied to support vector machine classification technology, utilizing five classifiers and reference standards to assess the effectiveness of the prediction model. Ultimately, a robust prediction model for tumor image was constructed. The results demonstrated that the highest accuracy (0.685) was achieved by the prediction model for T2 images, indicating a significantly elevated prediction rate for these images. In addition, the F value of T1 + C image was found to be the highest among the three groups of images (0.685), suggesting that the use of contrast medium during MRI exaction is crucial for enhancing diagnostic accuracy in liver cancer detection.
Therapeutic targets of gastric cancer explored under endogenous network modeling of clinical data
Authors: Zhang Xile , CHEN Yong-Cong , Yao Mengchao , Xiong Ruiqi , Liu Bingya , Zhu Xiaomei , Ao Ping 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Improvement in the survival rate of gastric cancer, a prevalent global malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality calls for more avenues in molecular therapy. This work aims to comprehend drug resistance and exploration of multiple-drug combinations for enhanced therapeutic treatment. An endogenous network modeling clinic data with core gastric cancer molecules, functional modules and pathways is constructed, which is then transformed into dynamics equations for in-silicon studies. Principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering, and K-means clustering are utilized to map the attractor domains of the stochastic model to the normal and pathological phenotypes identified from the clinical data. The analyses demonstrate gastric cancer as a cluster of stable states emerging within the stochastic dynamics and elucidate the cause of resistance to anti-VEGF monotherapy in cancer treatment as the limitation of single pathway in preventing the cancer progression. The feasibility of multiple objectives of therapy targeting specified molecules and/or pathways is explored. This study verifies the rationality of the platform of endogenous network modeling, which contributes to the development of cross-functional multi-target combinations in clinical trials.
PINN-TI: Physical Information embedded in Neural Networks for solving ordinary differential equations with Time-varying Inputs
Authors: Zhao Xiaotong , du jingli , Shi YeTong , Zhao Kunpeng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Modeling and predicting the dynamics of multiphysics and multiscale systems with hidden physics methods is often costly, requiring different formulations and complex computer codes. There has been significant progress in solving differential equations using physical information embedded in neural networks, but solving and generalizing for differential equations with time-varying inputs is still an open problem. In this paper, we design a PINN-TI network structure and a Step-by-Step Forward (SSF) algorithm. It enables the network to predict the results of ordinary differential equations under different initial values or boundary conditions and different time-varying inputs (including segmented functions) after one training. Our approach can extend the time domain of the solution to a larger range. We validated our model using a variant of Vander Pol’s equation, which contains one or two external inputs. The results show that our network can handle the prediction and generalization problem of ordinary differential equations under time-varying inputs well. Our method provides a new solution for solving and generalizing differential equations under time-varying inputs.
Quantitative Proteomic Profiling Reveals Sexual Dimorphism in the Retina and RPE of C57BL6 mice.
Authors: Jang Geeng-Fu , Crabb John S. , Grenell Allison , Wolk Alyson , Campla Christie , Luo Shiming , Ali Mariya , Hu Bo , Willard Belinda , Anand-Apte Bela 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Sex as a biological variable is not a common consideration in molecular mechanistic or preclinical studies of retinal diseases. Understanding the sexual dimorphism of adult RPE and retina under physiological conditions is an important first step in improving our understanding of sex-based physio-pathological mechanisms.
Methods
Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) were used for quantitative proteomics of male and female mouse retina and RPE (10 mice of each sex for each tissue type). Differentially expressed proteins were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA).
Results
Differential expression analysis identified 38 differentially expressed proteins in the retina and 82 differentially expressed proteins in the RPE. Ingenuity pathway analysis identified the top canonical pathways differentially activated in the retina to be calcium transport I, nucleotide excision repair, fatty acid-b oxidation I and asparagine biosynthesis. In the RPE, the top canonical pathways were calcium signaling, dilated cardiomyopathy signaling, actin cytoskeletal signaling and RHOGDI signaling.
Conclusions
These results provide insights into sex differences in the retina and RPE proteome of mice and begin to shed clues into the sexual dimorphism seen in retinal diseases.
A Probabilistic Approach to Estimate the Temporal Order of Pathway Mutations Accounting for Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity
Authors: Wang Menghan , Xie Yanqi , Liu Jinpeng , Li Austin , Chen Li , Stromberg Arnold , Arnold Susanne M. , Wang Chi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The development of cancer involves the accumulation of somatic mutations in a number of key biological pathways. Delineating the order of pathway mutations during tumorigenesis is very important to understand biological mechanisms of cancer development and to inform new therapeutic targets. A number of statistical and computational methods have been proposed for estimating the order of somatic mutations based on mutation profile data from a cohort of patients. However, one major issue of current methods is that they do not account for intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH), which limits their abilities to accurately discern the order of pathway mutations. To address this problem, we propose PATOPAI, a probabilistic approach for estimating the temporal order of pathway mutations by incorporating ITH information as well as pathway and functional annotation information of mutations. PATOPAI uses a probabilistic method to characterize the likelihood of mutational events from different pathways occurring in a certain order, wherein it focuses on the orders that are consistent with the phylogenetic structures of the tumors. A maximum likelihood approach is used to estimate the parameters and infer the order of mutations at pathway level. Analyses of whole exome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) demonstrate that our method is able to accurately recover the temporal order of pathway mutations in several cancer types.
The danger of free-roaming dogs in peri urban settings: Two rabid dogs on rampage that bit 29 humans and 18 domestic animals in Wakiso and Luweero districts, Central Uganda
Authors: Tayebwa Dickson Stuart , Njalira Kassim Rashid , Eneku Wilfred , Ssekandi Colin , Kyabarongo Alex , Mutesasira Jesse , Komugisha Mariam , Atim Stella Acaye , Kateregga John , Muhangi Denis , Tweyongyere Robert , Biryomumaisho Savino , Acai James Okwee 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Uganda averages 14,000 dog bites annually, with 86% caused by free-roaming dogs. Unfortunately, there is limited documentation to inform interventions. Here, we documented circumstances of attacks from free-roaming dogs on rampage in Central Uganda to identify critical gaps in the detection, preparedness, and response of the community.
Methods
We conducted an exploratory case study to actively survey attacks from rampaging dogs in Kampala Metropolitan Area, Central Uganda between November 2022 - November 2023. We traced the dogs responsible to immobilise and rule out rabies. We interviewed the victims and community to determine the circumstances of the bites, the healthcare sought and sentiments towards free-roaming dogs. We followed-up after 40 days, to assess adherence to rabies post exposure prophylaxis and to document any challenges encountered.
Results
Of the 8 cases reported, only two cases that occurred in Matugga and Mawale parishes fulfilled our criteria for rampage while the rest were predation, an incidental bite and straying into someone’s residence. The two rampaging dogs’ bit 29 humans, mostly children (75.8%) and 18 domestic animals. Immobilisation in Matugga failed while the dog in Mawale was killed by the community in a mob. Due to limited knowledge, 93.1% of the victims did not wash the wound and go the medical facility as recommended by WHO. Instead, they sought healthcare from the traditional healer (58.6%), stayed home or applied herbs (20.7%). Parallel with our advice, those victims sought medical care however they encountered challenges not limited to lack of funds and poor services at public health facilities. After inflicting bites, the dogs responsible and other free-roaming dogs were killed by hitting them with sticks in a mob.
Conclusions
Overall, our findings demonstrate the impact that a lone free-roaming dog with rabies can have on a community. They also reveal how poverty, limited awareness, reliance on traditional healers, and barriers to medical care access impede health care received by dog bite victims in this setting. Implementing educational campaigns and responsible ownership of free-roaming dogs should help reduce dog bites and rabies in Central Uganda, as well as in other socioeconomically similar settings.
Numerical and Analytical Exploration of Memory Effects in Magneto-Photo-Thermoelasticity of Isotropic Semiconductors using the 3PH Lag Model
Authors: Jojare Kirti K. , Gaikwad Kishor R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The objective of this article is to delve into the isotropic three-phase (3PH) lag magneto photo-thermoelastic (PTE) theory in semiconductor medium, with a special emphasis on its memory-dependent-derivative (MDD) characteristics. The equations for displacement, temperature distribution, carrier density, and stress components resulting from this theory are formulated using these characteristics and then transformed into a Fourier-Laplace vector matrix differential equation. This equation is solved using an eigenvalue approach, and the numerical solution is obtained by inverting Fourier and Laplace transforms. Graphical solutions based on the properties of silicon material are visualized using Mathematica software. The results demonstrate the excellence of MDD in this 3PH model by showing the effect of coupling between thermal, plasma, and elastic waves with the presence of time delay parameters and linear kernel function. Additionally, the presence of several kernel functions reveals significant differences in these magneto PTE quantities. This theory will aid in better characterizing materials, optimizing device design, and exploring non-linear and transient phenomena in greater detail. Ultimately, these advancements will push the boundaries of photo-thermal science and its practical applications.
Gut microbiota and risk for the diverticular disease of intestine
Authors: He Wenhui , Yu Youzhen , Luo Na , Xu Shangqing , Yang Wenwen , Li Fanfan , Zhu Hui , Jin Hongying , Zhang Yimei , Ma Xiaoli , Ma Minjie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The relationship between gut microbes and diverticular disease is not fully understood.
Methods
We employed 211 gut microbes from the MiBioGen consortium as exposures. The data of diverticular disease from the FinnGen biobank were used as outcome. The weighted median and MR-Egger methods were utilized as a supplement to the inverse variance weighting method, which served as the main analysis method in this study. The MR-PRESSO method was employed to identify horizontal pleiotropy and probable outliers.
Results
Veillonellaceae family (OR = 0.813; p = 0.0000799), Lachnospiraceae_nc2004_group genus (OR = 0.896, p = 0.0419), Faecalibacterium genus (OR = 0.870; p = 0.0353), and Fusicatenibacter genus (OR = 0.863; p = 0.0394) decreased the risk of intestinal diverticular disease; Prevotellaceae family (OR = 1.134; p = 0.0455), Gordonibacter genus (OR = 1.091; p = 0.0298), Lachnospira genus (OR = 2.003; p = 0.0112), and Family_XIII_UCG_001 genus (OR = 1.188; p = 0.0359) increased the risk of intestinal diverticular disease.
Conclusion
This study proved that gut microbes were associated with intestinal diverticular disease.
Comparative structure and evolution of the organellar genomes of Padina usoehtunii (Dictyotales) with the brown algal crown radiation clade
Authors: Liu Yi-Jia , Zhang Tong-Yun , Wang Qi-Qi , Draisma Stefano G.A. , Hu Zi-Min 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Organellar genomes have become increasingly essential for studying genetic diversity, phylogenetics, and evolutionary histories of seaweeds. The order Dictyotales (Dictyotophycidae), an early-diverging and highly diverse lineage within the Phaeophyceae, is long-term characterized by a scarcity of organellar genome datasets compared to orders of the brown algal crown radiation (Fucophycidae).
Results
We sequenced the organellar genomes of Padina usoehtunii, a representative of the order Dictyotales, to investigate the structural and evolutionary differences by comparing to five other major brown algal orders. Our results confirmed that the rate of structural rearrangements in chloroplast genomes is higher than that in mitochondria, whereas mitochondrial sequences exhibited a higher substitution rate compared to chloroplasts. Such evolutionary patterns contrast with land plants and green algae. The expansion and contraction of the inverted repeat (IR) region in the chloroplast correlated with the changes in the number of boundary genes. Specifically, the size of the IR region influenced the position of the boundary gene rpl21, with complete rpl21 genes found within the IR region in Ectocarpales, while the rpl21 genes in Desmarestiales, Fucales, and Laminariales span both the IR and short single copy (SSC) regions. The absence of the RbcR and rpl32 genes in the Dictyotales may indicate a horizontal transfer from the chloroplast to the nuclear genome. Inversion of the SSC region occurred at least twice in brown algae. Once in a lineage only represented by the Ectocarpales in the present study and once in a lineage only represented by the Fucales. Photosystem genes in the chloroplasts experienced the strongest purifying selection, while ribosomal protein genes in both chloroplasts and mitochondria underwent a weak purifying selection.
Conclusions
Variations in chloroplast genome structure among different brown algal orders are evolutionarily linked to their phylogenetic positions in the Phaeophyceae tree. Structural variability to some extent is an inherent mechanism to create genetic diversity of brown algal taxa. Different functional gene categories in organelles exhibit varying degrees of structural variation and distinct patterns of sequence evolution, potentially giving rise to new genes adapted to various environmental pressures.
Exploring the effects of diluted plasma activated water (PAW) on various sprout crops and its role in autophagy regulation
Authors: Song Injung , Hong Suji , Na Yoon Ju , Jang Seo Yeon , Jung Ji Yeong , Lee Young Koung , Huh Sung Un 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Plasma-activated water (PAW) has been studied for a variety of applications, including agricultural, medical, beauty, and sterilization. This process typically involves exposing water to a plasma discharge, releasing highly reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS), ions, and other active molecules. In agriculture, seed germination and sterilization are being emphasized for their utility.
Results
In this study, PAW1000, which was maximally exposed to plasma, was diluted and applied to hydroponic culture and pot soil cultivation for sprout crops that can be easily cultivated. As a result, diluted PAW contained a little bit nitrogen source and promoted various sprout crop growth. These results show the possibility of reducing the use of plant growth agents or fertilizers that cause environmental pollution by diluting and irrigating PAW on various sprout crops. Additionally, we found that using PAW contributes to the activation of autophagy.
Conclusions
The objective of this study is to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how plants respond to PAW treatment and offer insights into the potential applications of plasma technology in smart farms or in-door farming.
Prefiguring the design of freedom: An informational theory approach to socio-political cybernetics; analysing the messages in 2021 Colombian uprisings.
Authors: Osejo-Bucheli Camilo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Origin. The research analysed the messages communicated during the uprisings in a city in Colombia during 2021. The objective of the study was to determine the organisational idea of the country prefigured by the protestors during the marches. Method. The research uses participatory observation in an ethnographic method for data collection; for data analysis and reduction, it uses grounded theory; and for data analysis, it uses cybernetic communication modelling and the viable systems model. During the six marches, the study registered and analysed the messages contained in speeches, alternative media outlets, chants, signs, graffiti, and theatrical plays. Findings. It identifies the people´s demand for autonomy in the country, the emergence of new political identities, the use of telecommunications as a means for changing the state´s institutions, the use of art and culture in the country’s demonstrations, and the demand for the respect of human rights. The study analysed the findings using the socio-political cybernetics framework proposed by Stafford Beer. Originality. The article presents a novel approach to the study of the Colombian uprisings of 2021. The paper applies the socio-political cybernetic approach, which is uncommon in studies in cybernetics. It also proposes an extension to the cybernetic theory of communications.