bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Our Experience in Carotid Endarterectomy. A Retrospective Study
Authors: Nuellari Edmond , Prifti Edvin 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) operations have been more frequent in our practice in recent years, primarily for asymptomatic patients. In this article, we present our experience in this field.
Ojectives. Primary endpoints were death and stroke within 30 days of the procedure for asymptomatic patients. Secondary endpoints were acute myocardial infarction within 30 days of the process and peripheral nerve injury in all patients.
Patients and Method: This is a retrospective review of our recent experience. Data of 219 consecutive CEA, 177 in asymptomatic patients, operated on from January 2004- February 2009 by our equip are collected; all the patients were diagnosed with Duplex scanner and confirmed with multi-slice CT scanner angiography. Endarterectomy was performed either with loco-regional or general anesthesia with selective use of a shunt. Combined anti-aggregation with Clopidogrel and Aspirin was the rule at discharge. Patients were controlled for new neurological and cardiac events 30 days after the operation.
Results: One asymptomatic patient had a major stroke and died. In this group, the stroke and mortality rate is 1,69%. No peri-operative new acute myocardial infarction happened in any patient. Peripheral nerve lesions occurred in 2,7 %of all procedures.
Conclusions: CEA is a safe treatment for asymptomatic internal carotid stenoses in the hands of an experienced vascular surgeon. Our results for asymptomatic carotid stenoses are according to international guidelines' recommendations.
Implementasi Praktikum pada Materi Sistem Indera untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Sains pada Siswa SMAN 3 Langsa
Authors: Mawarda Lisa , Mawardi Abdul L. , Mahyuny Siska Rita 
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertolak dari masih kurangnya pemahaman siswa dalam pembelajaran biologi serta kurangnya penilaian terhadap keterampilan proses sains di SMAN 3 Langsa. Hal ini menyebabkan peserta didik menjadi tidak aktif dan keterampilan proses sains siswa menjadi tidak berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan pembelajaran praktikum terhadap peningkatan keterampilan proses sains di SMAN 3 Langsa pada materi sistem indra.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif, desain penelitian menggunakan tes awal dan tes akhir satu kelompok (one group pretest-posttest design), subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 2 SMAN 3 Langsa yang berjumlah 30 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi dan tes keterampilan proses sains siswa. Analisis data menggunakan penilaian lembar observasi, uji N-Gain dan untuk pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji paired sample t test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Pembelajaran praktikum dapat meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains siswa kelas XI IPA 2 SMAN 3 Langsa pada hasil tes KPS siswa dengan perolehan rata-rata skor pretest 41 dan posttest 65.33 serta nilai rata-rata N-gain 0.4 dengan kategori sedang. Pembelajaran praktikum dapat meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains siswa kelas XI IPA 2 SMAN 3 Langsa pada sepuluh indikator KPS yakni merencanakan percobaan, mengamati, menggunakan alat dan bahan, berkomunikasi, mengajukan pertanyaan, menerapkan konsep, meramalkan, membuat hipotesis dan menyimpulkan dengan perolehan skor rata-rata sebesar 63.67 % kategori baik.
Kata Kunci: praktikum; keterampilan proses sains; hasil belajar
Analisis Hubungan Karakteristik Individu terhadap Kejadian Infeksi Menular Seksual pada Wanita Pekerja Seks di Kota Kupang
Authors: Sirait Tupak , Roga Anderias Umbu , Ratu Jacob , Sembiring Anita Christina 
Published: January 2024

Pendahuluan: Infeksi Menular Seksual merupakan penyakit yang menular melalui hubungan seksual dengan pasangan yang memiliki perilaku seksual berisiko tinggi, salah satunya adalah berganti-ganti pasangan seks tanpa menggunakan kondom. Perilaku ini paling mungkin terjadi dengan menggunakan jasa Wanita Pekerja Seks. Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Infeksi Menular Seksual pada Wanita Pekerja Seks di Kota Kupang. Metode: penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Hasil: analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel karakteristik individu (umur, pendidikan, lama bekerja sebagai Wanita Pekerja Seks, dan pendapatan) dan perilaku pencegahan Infeksi Menular Seksual (penggunaan kondom) memiliki p value < 0,25. Setelah dilakukan analisis multivariat, didapatkan variabel lama bekerja dan penggunaan kondom memiliki p value < 0,05. Kesimpulan: terdapat hubungan antara variabel karakteristik individu (umur, pendidikan, lama bekerja sebagai Wanita Pekerja Seks, dan pendapatan) dan perilaku pencegahan Infeksi Menular Seksual (penggunaan kondom) dengan kejadian Infeksi Menular Seksual. Variabel lama bekerja dan penggunaan kondom merupakan faktor yang berhubungan secara signifikan terhadap kejadian Infeksi Menular Seksual pada Wanita Pekerja Seks di Kota Kupang.
Biomarkers of Brain Ischemia (Review)
Authors: Samoylov A. S. , Balakin E. I. , Pustovoit V. I. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Strokes remain the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability. Additional serum biomarker testing should be used to better diagnose transient ischemic attack (TIA), but most neurospecific biomarkers have low prognostic specificity and sensitivity. Timely identification of TIA and differential diagnosis of stroke in the first hour will ensure a shorter period of patient recovery and reduce the risk of mortality and disability. Serum biomarker studies should be included to overcome the difficulty of diagnosing TIA.Text. Neurospecific biomarkers such as S100B, GFAP, and NSE are used to diagnose acute ischemic damage to glial cells and neurons. S100B and GFAP are detected in astrocytes and NSE in neurons and cells of the neuroendocrine system. Elevated serum concentrations of these biomarkers are associated with various pathological conditions such as strokes and brain injuries and other central nervous system (CNS) lesions. Dynamic monitoring of biomarker concentrations makes it possible to evaluate the efficacy of the ongoing therapy and to identify predictors of patient deterioration for prompt correction of therapeutic procedures. To create a diagnostic panel it is necessary to study metabolic processes in ischemic tissue, taking into account concomitant diagnoses and results of neuroimaging, and to use breakthrough advances in machine learning and big data.Conclusion. The review showed that none of the assessed biomarkers can be recommended for the diagnosis of cerebral circulation disorders, but the combination of several neurospecific biomarkers can significantly improve diagnostic efficiency and find application in the differential diagnosis of stroke, intracranial hematoma, and other brain lesions for the purpose of early pharmacotherapy of CNS lesions and as surrogate endpoints during clinical trials.
Ultrasonic Activation of Mineral Sorbents
Authors: Bondarev A. V. , Zhilyakova E. T. , Avtina N. V. , Demina N. B. , Razmakhnin K. K. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Medical clays are polymineral sorbents with a predominance of the underlying clay mineral, the concentration of which determines the quality of mineral raw materials and its adsorption activity. One of the methods of improving the quality of mineral raw materials is its activation by means of ultrasonic treatment.Aim. To study the effect of ultrasound on the activation and adsorption activity of mineral sorbents.Materials and methods. Clinoptilolite mineral raw materials of the Kholinsky deposit, montmorillonite mineral raw materials of the Belgorod deposit and kaolinite mineral raw materials of the Eleninsky deposit were used as objects of research. A high-frequency UZDN-1 unit was used for ultrasonic treatment. Determination of adsorption activity was carried out by methylene blue.Results and discussion. The effect of ultrasound on the activation of mineral sorbents at an ultrasonic wave frequency of 40 kHz for five minutes has been studied. It was found that the average content of Clinoptilolite, taking into account all fractions in the clay of the Kholinsky deposit, increases by 20 %, the average content of Montmorillonite, taking into account all fractions in the clay of the Belgorod deposit, increases by 14 %, the average content of Kaolinite, taking into account all fractions in the clay of the Eleninsky deposit, increases by 18 %. The effect of ultrasound on the adsorption activity of mineral sorbents has been investigated. The use of ultrasonic treatment increases the adsorption activity of mineral sorbents by 12–19 %.Conclusion. The developed method of activation of mineral sorbents by ultrasonic treatment can be used to activate mineral sorbents by increasing the concentration of the underlying mineral (Clinoptilolite, Montmorillonite, Kaolinite), as well as increasing their adsorption activity.
Diarrhea in COVID‑19: Causes and approaches to therapy
Authors: Chukhliaev P. V. , Khavkina D. A. , Janibekov J. J. , Ruzhentsova T. A. 
Published: January 2024

The article presents the results of a study of the frequency of diarrheal syndrome in patients with COVID‑19. The pathogenesis of diarrhea and its differences from other acute respiratory infections are considered in detail, including on a clinical example.Objective. To study the frequency of registration, features and results of pathogenetic therapy for diarrhea in patients with confirmed COVID‑19.Materials and methods. 286 case histories of male and female patients aged 18–96 years old who received outpatient treatment from June 2020 to February 2021 in connection with the confirmed diagnosis of COVID‑19 were analyzed.Results. Diarrhea was noted in 72 (25.0%) patients. In 4 (1.4%) patients, it was the only symptom of COVID‑19, in 15 (20.8%) – manifesting, followed by the addition and increase of catarrhal symptoms and manifestations of intoxication. In most cases (in 53 patients – 73.6%), diarrheal syndrome appeared simultaneously with other complaints or somewhat later.Conclusions. 1). According to the study, COVID‑19 in 25% of patients is accompanied by diarrhea, in most cases of a watery nature. 2). Different pathogenesis of diarrheal syndrome is possible in patients with COVID‑19. 3). The use of rehydration solutions with additional components, cytomucoprotective and probiotic therapy can reduce the period of diarrhea in patients with COVID‑19 to 1–3 days and prevents adverse effects.
Modern view on problem of alcohol and drug dependence in context of HIV and COVID‑19 syndemia
Authors: Drobyshevskaya E. V. , Zhukova E. V. 
Published: January 2024

Objective. To study the vulnerability of a group of drug users to the HIV/COVID‑19 syndemic.Methods and materials. We used data from personalized registration of patients with HIV infection in the Moscow region, which were ill with covid‑19 in 2020–2021.Results. Alcohol and drug addiction are an additional factor that makes the course of COVID‑19 more severe in patients with HIV infection. The reasons for this additional influence, both in the vulnerability of this group due to behavioral risks, and in psychosocial problems affecting adherence to HIV treatment, and this factor does not allow achieving the immunological and virological effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy.Conclusions. The article presents data showing that people living with HIV/AIDS, suffering from alcohol and drug addiction, are more vulnerable to COVID‑19 in terms of severity and mortality from the disease.
Rational approaches to therapy for combined urogenital infections in married couples
Authors: Shushakova E. K. , Meshkova N. A. , Ruzhentsova T. A. 
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the study. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of antiviral therapy in urogenital infection caused by the herpes simplex virus in combination with human papillomavirus (HSV‑1, -2 and HPV) in couples with impaired reproductive function.Materials and methods. The study included 149 married couples with complaints about the absence or pathological course of pregnancy with termination in the first trimester. Urogenital infection caused by the herpes simplex virus was detected in 80 couples. A combination with human papillomavirus was detected in 36 cases. The effectiveness of antiviral therapy was evaluated.Results. After the first course of treatment with the use of an antiherpetic drug in 80 couples who had manifestations of active herpes infection, pregnancy and the birth of a healthy child were registered in 44 cases (55%). Combination therapy with acyclovir or valacyclovir and inosine pranobex was required, which led to a positive dynamic of indicators in case of a combined infection. The onset and normal course of pregnancy were registered after treatment in 33% of couples in this group.Conclusions. A possible cause of reproductive dysfunction with the absence or termination of pregnancy in the early stages may be a urogenital infection caused by HSV types 1, 2. In most cases, antiviral therapy promotes the birth of a healthy child. The ineffectiveness of therapy may be associated with the simultaneous presence of two or more infectious significant agents. For the treatment of couples who have an active persistence of HSV‑1, -2 in combination with HPV, the appointment of inosine pranobex in combination with acyclovir or valacyclovir is recommended.
La crisis económica y el cuestionamiento de la liberalización comercial
Authors: Casado García-Hirschfeld Elena , Fernández-Ardavín Martínez Ana , Rodríguez Santos María Ángeles 
Published: January 2024

El panorama económico presentado por la crisis mundial nos hace retroce-der en el tiempo. Las tentaciones proteccionistas nos hacen volver la vista a un pasado en el que los países cerraron sus fronteras en un intento de proteger sus economías. Pero este viaje en el tiempo únicamente nos sirve para poner en marcha las alertas y avanzar para alejarnos de ese escenario.Este artículo analiza cómo han evolucionado los flujos comerciales desde el estallido de la crisis en el año 2007 y examina los movimientos proteccionistas de los países en el marco de la Organización Mundial del Comercio con la mi-rada puesta en la posibilidad de concluir la Ronda Doha.
Origanum majorana L. polyphenols: in vivo antiepileptic effect, in silico evaluation of their bioavailability, and interaction with the NMDA receptor
Authors: Amaghnouje Amal , Chebaibi Mohamed , Aldossari Saeed M. , Ghneim Hazem K. , Amrati Fatima Ez-zahra , Es-Safi Imane , Di Cristo Francesca , Calarco Anna , Achour Sanae , Carta Fabrizio , Al-Sheikh Yazeed A. , Aboul-Soud Mourad A. M. , Bousta Dalila 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease characterized by repeated seizures and caused by excessive glutamate receptor activation. Many plants are traditionally used in the treatment of this disease. This study aimed to evaluate the bioavailability of a polyphenolic extract obtained from Origanum majorana L. (OMP) leaves, as well as its antiepileptic activity and its potential mechanism of action.Methods: We have developed and validated a simple, rapid, and accurate stability-indicating reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of caffeine and quercetin in rat plasma. The OMP antiepileptic effect was evaluated with pilocarpine-induced seizures, and a docking method was used to determine the possible interaction between caffeic acid and quercetin with the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.Results and Discussion: Both compounds tested showed low bioavailability in unchanged form. However, the tested extract showed an anticonvulsant effect due to the considerably delayed onset of seizures in the pilocarpine model at a dose of 100 mg/kg. The molecular docking proved a high-affinity interaction between the caffeic acid and quercetin with the NMDA receptor. Taken together, OLP polyphenols demonstrated good antiepileptic activity, probably due to the interaction of quercetin, caffeic acid, or their metabolites with the NMDA receptor.
Efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 units/mL vs insulin degludec in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alhmoud Eman N. , Saad Mohamed Omar , Omar Nabil Elhadi 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundUltra-long-acting insulin analogs [insulin degludec (IDeg) and insulin glargine 300 units/mL (IGla-300)] offer a longer duration of action with less risk of hypoglycemia compared to other long-acting insulins. However, data about the comparative efficacy and safety are inconsistent.MethodsWe searched CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, ICTRP Search Portal, and ClinicalTrials.gov on 7 October 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the safety and efficacy of IDeg (100 or 200 units/mL) and IGla-300 in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes were included. Three review authors independently selected trials, assessed the risk of bias, extracted data, and evaluated the overall certainty of the evidence using GRADE. The primary outcomes were the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and any hypoglycemia; the secondary outcomes were the change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and severe and nocturnal hypoglycemia.ResultsFour open-label RCTs were included (2727 participants), 3 parallel and 1 cross-over. Overall, the risk of bias assessment yielded some concern or high risk. There was a comparable change in HbA1c from baseline to the end of treatment, a mean difference of 0.07% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06 – 0.19; p = 0.29; 3 trials; 2652 patients; very low-certainty evidence), and a comparable rate of any hypoglycemia, rate ratio 1.02 (95% CI 0.8 – 1.3; p = 0.87; 3 trials; 2881 patients; very low-certainty evidence). IDeg resulted in more reduction in FPG compared to IGla-300, mean difference of 10.27 mg/dL (95% CI 7.25 – 13.29; p &lt; 0.001; 3 trials; 2668 patients; low-certainty evidence). Similar rates of nocturnal and severe hypoglycemia were observed, rate ratio of 1.13 (95% CI 0.72 – 1.78; p = 0.54; 3 trials; 2668 patients; very low-certainty evidence) and 1.4 (95% CI 0.41 – 4.73; p = 0.59; 2 trials; 1952 patients; very low-certainty evidence), respectively.ConclusionThere is no evidence of a difference between IDeg and IGla-300 in the mean change in HbA1c and the risk of anytime, nocturnal, and severe hypoglycemia. IDeg appeared to cause a higher reduction in FPG compared to IGla-300. However, this finding should be interpreted with caution due to the small number of trials included and their high risk of bias.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022364891, identifier CRD42022364891.
Meta-analysis of the effect and clinical significance of Delphian lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang YiHan , Li Changlin , Zhang XueYan , Fu Yantao 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and clinical significance of Delphian lymph nodes (DLN) on the factors influencing papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) to provide individualized guidance for the surgical treatment of thyroid cancer.MethodsRelevant studies from PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched until February 13, 2023. Stringent selection parameters were used to obtain included data and homogeneous articles. Analyses were performed using Revman 5.4 and SPSS software. A P-value of &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsFive studies were finally included in this study. The results revealed a higher risk of DLN metastasis (DLNM) in patients with tumor size &gt;1cm, multifocality, and extrathyroidal extension (ETE) of the thyroid. The risk of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) was 11.25 times higher in DLN-positive patients with PTC than in DLN-negative (OR = 11.25, 95% CI: 8.64–14.64, P &lt; 0.05) patients. The risk of LLNM was 5.57 times higher in DLN-positive patients with PTC than in DLN-negative (OR = 5.57, 95% CI: 4.57–6.78, P &lt; 0.001) patients. The risk of postoperative recurrence in DLN-positive patients with PTC was 3.49 times higher (OR = 3.49, 95% CI: 1.91–6.38, P &lt; 0.001) than in DLN-negative patients with PTC.ConclusionPatients with tumor size &gt;1 cm in diameter, multifocality, and ETE have an increased risk for DLN development. DLN-positive patients with central and lateral cervical lymph node metastasis and postoperative recurrence are at higher risk than DLN-negative patients.
Association of urine autoantibodies with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Zhang Yuxian , Qu Xiaoxia , Wang Lishui , Song Lijun 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThe presence of urinary autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been confirmed by several studies; however, the significance of their presence in urine remains unclear. This study aims to further investigate the association between urine autoantibodies and disease activity as well as organ involvement in SLE.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 89 SLE patients. Data collected included anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti-ENA antibodies, and anti-dsDNA antibody levels in both serum and urine, complement (C) 3, C4 levels in serum, SLE disease activity index-2000 (SLEDAI-2000), renal domains of SLEDAI (RSLEDAI) and non-renal SLEDAI (NRSLEDAI).ResultsThe rate of positive urine ANA (uANA) was 33.3% (29/87) among the enrolled patients. Compared to the uANA negative group, the positive group exhibited significantly higher SLEDAI-2000 scores (7.85 ± 5.88 vs. 18.69 ± 6.93, p &lt; 0.001), RSLEDAI scores [0 (0, 4.0) vs. 12.0 (8.0, 16.0), p &lt; 0.001], and NRSLEDAI [4 (2.0, 8.0) vs. 6.0 (4.0, 9.5), p = 0.038]. Patients with positive urine anti-Sm antibody demonstrated significantly elevated SLEDAI-2000 scores compared to those who were negative (25.0 ± 8.80 vs. 10.09 ± 6.63, p &lt; 0.001). Similarly, they also had higher RSLEDAI [16.0 (12.0, 16.0) vs. 4.0 (0, 8.0), p &lt; 0.001] and NRSLEDAI [9.5 (6.0, 13.5) vs. 4.0 (3.0, 8.0), p = 0.012], as well as a greater prevalence of renal involvement compared to their negative counterparts (100% vs. 58.2, p = 0.022). There was a positive correlation between uANA titer and both SLEDAI-2000 (rs = 0.663, p &lt; 0.001) and RSLEDAI (rs = 0.662, p &lt; 0.001). The serum anti-dsDNA antibody level did not exhibit a significant correlation with RSLEDAI (rs = 0.143, p = 0.182). Conversely, the urine anti-dsDNA antibody level demonstrated a significant positive correlation with RSLEDAI (rs = 0.529, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionUrine ANA is associated with both global SLEDAI and RSLEDAI scores. Urine anti-Sm antibody is associated with an increased incidence of renal involvement in SLE. The urine anti-dsDNA antibody level, rather than the serum anti-dsDNA antibody level, exhibits a significant association with RSLEDAI in SLE.