bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A narrative review on the role of hesperidin on metabolic parameters, liver enzymes, and inflammatory markers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Morshedzadeh Nava , Ramezani Ahmadi Amirhossein , Behrouz Vahideh , Mir Elias 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInsulin resistance, oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia, and inflammation play main roles in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Some studies have reported that hesperidin can reduce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia by inhibiting inflammatory pathways. In the current study, our purpose was to evaluate whether it can influence the primary parameters in NAFLD and improve the treatment effectiveness for future trials. Various studies have found that hesperidin involves multiple signaling pathways such as cell proliferation, lipid and glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which can potentially affect NAFLD development and prognosis. Recent findings indicate that hesperidin also regulates key enzymes and may affect the severity of liver fibrosis. Hesperidin inhibits reactive oxygen species production that potentially interferes with the activation of transcription factors like nuclear factor‐κB. Appropriate adherence to hesperidin may be a promising approach to modulate inflammatory pathways, metabolic indices, hepatic steatosis, and liver injury.
Homogenization and thermal processing reduce the concentration of extracellular vesicles in bovine milk
Authors: Colella Anna P. , Prakash Anuradha , Miklavcic John J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) in bovine milk confer beneficial physiologic effects to consumers. Industrial processing treatments may affect the amount or bioactivity of EVs intrinsic to bovine milk. We investigated how the content and concentration of EVs were affected by homogenization and thermal processing of raw bovine milk. Raw milk was processed by homogenization, low‐temperature (LT) heat, or pasteurization [high‐temperature short‐time (HTST) and ultra‐high‐temperature (UHT)] in a pilot processing facility. EVs were isolated from the raw and processed bovine milk using differential ultracentrifugation and quantified using a nanoparticle tracking analyzer. Bovine milk EVs were assessed for total miRNA and protein concentrations standardized to particle count using a fluorometric assay. There were 1.01 × 1010 (±3.30 × 109) EV particles per ml of bovine milk. All industrial processing treatments caused >60% decrease in EV concentration compared to the raw bovine milk. Homogenization and heat treatments independently and additively reduced the content of EVs in bovine milk. The averages of total miRNA/particle and total protein/particle concentrations were elevated threefold by low‐temperature heat‐processing treatment relative to HTST and UHT pasteurizations. The average diameter of EVs was reduced by 11%–16% by low temperature compared to raw milk (127 ± 13 nm). Homogenization and pasteurization indiscriminately reduce the EV concentration of bovine milk. Smaller EVs with higher protein content resist degradation when processing bovine milk at sub‐pasteurization temperature. This new foundational knowledge may contribute to food product development on the preservation of EVs in processed dairy products, including bovine milk‐based infant formulas that some newborns are dependent on for adequate growth and development.
The Effects of Bromine Additives on the Recyclability of Injection Molded Electronic Waste Polymers
Authors: Lahtela Ville , Mielonen Katriina , Parkar Prashant , Kärki Timo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExcessive waste amounts, such as waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and plastic waste, have increased simultaneously with the development of society. Despite the increased material amounts, the recycling rates are too low and those have a great potential to contribute actions toward a circular economy. A certain restricted factor for recycling is the heterogenous nature of materials, such as WEEE‐included additives. This study investigates the effects of a WEEE polymer including bromine on recycling ability, analyzing its physical and mechanical features. The study demonstrates that polymer sorting is profitable for WEEE polymers from the material qualitative perspective, because various processability and material features are achieved in the study between material categories, and especially unidentified polymers have the weakest features in the studied tests. The separation of bromine concentration is also recommended because bromine‐free materials have more advanced features that can be confirmed by statistical analyses. The achieved results support the idea that novel circular economy actions have the potential for effective, efficient WEEE polymer recycling processes with technological innovations, especially when all variables (e.g., recycling cycles and process parameters) are observed and it enables an option to reduce the need for virgin plastic.
Cultivating participatory approaches in health promotion planning, delivery, and evaluation: A case study of an academic‐health service partnership in rural Victoria
Authors: Conlin Michèle , McLaren Dorothy , Spelten Evelien , MacDermott Sean 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedCommunity participation in planning, delivery, and evaluation of health promotion (HP) programs is a poorly explored topic. However, this approach has the potential to improve health outcomes and reduce health inequities, particularly for residents of rural and remote areas.MethodsThis case study describes the outputs of an academic‐health service partnership in rural Victoria. The collaboration has led to the implementation and ongoing evaluation of a microgrant program for HP which integrates community participation principles in the foundations of the program and its evaluation.ResultsTo date, 10 funded projects have been brought to completion, with COVID‐19 having disturbed both grant distribution and funded activity implementation. Semi‐structured interviews with health service officers served to clarify conceptualisation and operationalization of HP principles. Focus groups with health service management and officers contributed to building an overarching evaluation framework for the HP team's activities. Finally, the specific methodological evaluation framework for the microgrant program was developed through a collaborative workshop with the HP team and grantees.ConclusionsFostering community participation in HP planning, delivery, and evaluation, especially in rural areas, is feasible as evidenced by the experience described in this case study. The forthcoming evaluation results will help clarify the impact of community participation on health‐related outcomes.So What?Documentation and dissemination of processes used to increase community participation in HP programs is essential to grow the knowledge base around what works and what doesn't, and for whom.
Integrated analysis of NET‐DNA receptor CCDC25 in malignant tumors: Pan‐cancer analysis
Authors: Cheng Xianlin , Yin Xinhai , Song Jukun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPreviously, it was reported that the coiled‐coil domain containing 25 (CCDC25) plays a role in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). This study systematically analyzed the expression profiles of CCDC25 in 30 different types of cancer and one type of blood cancer, acute myeloid leukemia.MethodsThe GTEx and CCLE databases were used to evaluate the distribution of CCDC25 expression in both normal tissue and cancer cell lines. A comparison was performed between normal tissue and tumor tissue to analyze the differential expression of CCDC25. We assessed the impact of CCDC25 on the clinical outlook in the TCGA pan‐cancer data set by analyzing the Kaplan–Meier survival plot and conducting COX regression analysis. Moreover, the association between the expression levels of CCDC25 and the tumor microenvironment in multiple cancers was conducted. Additionally, the investigation also examined the link between CCDC25 and immune neoantigen, tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, mismatch repair genes (MMRs), HLA‐related genes, and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT).ResultsCCDC25 was expressed in nearly all of the 31 normal tissues while exhibiting a moderate to low level of expression in cancer cell lines. While abnormal expression was detected in the majority of malignancies, there was no link found between elevated CCDC25 levels and overall survival, disease‐free survival, recurrence‐free survival, and disease‐free interval in the TCGA comprehensive cancer data set. Nevertheless, the expression of CCDC25 exhibited a notable link with the infiltration levels of activated CD4 memory T cells, quiescent mast cells, dendritic cells in an activated state, T cells that assist in follicle development, M2 macrophages, and neutrophils in various tumors.ConclusionsIn most cancers, the results indicate that there is no link between CCDC25 and prognosis. However, CCDC25 can be targeted for therapeutic purposes concerning metastasis and immune infiltration.
Pyroptosis‐related gene signatures are associated with prognosis and tumor microenvironment infiltration in head and neck cancer
Authors: Long Yan , Wu Yadong , Peng Juxiang , Song Jukun , Li Na 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsRecent studies have highlighted the biological significance of pyroptosis in cancer development. Nevertheless, it is still uncertain if pyroptosis also plays a part in immune modulation and the creation of the tumor microenvironment (TME).MethodsThe pyroptosis regulatory genes (PRGs) were comprehensively assessed in 1938 head and neck cancer samples, and systematically correlated these modification patterns with the infiltration characteristics of TME cells. The unsupervised consensus analysis method was used to identify specific pyroptosis clusters. The single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis and CIBERSOFT algorithms were used to evaluate the infiltration levels of various immune cell subsets. A principal component analysis algorithm was used to construct the pyrolysis potential index (PPI) to quantify the pyrolysis regulation patterns in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC).ResultsPyrophosphate regulatory genes (PRGs) are often upregulated in tumors due to mutations. PRGs relate to various clinical outcomes and pathways. Molecular subtyping identified pyroptosis patterns, which align with three tumor immunophenotypes: immune‐inflamed, immune‐excluded, and immune‐desert. The PPI measures pyrolysis roles, showing higher PPI in tumor samples linked to subtypes and clinical characteristics. Lower PPI correlates with longer survival, increased immune activity, more tumor mutations, high PD‐L1 expression, and mutations in significant genes like PIK3CA. Such patients also experience enhanced immune responses in immunotherapy trials.ConclusionWe conducted a comprehensive examination of pyroptosis in HNSC and developed a PPI indicator that shows a strong correlation with the variety and intricacy of the TME.
Changes in throughfall induced by low‐severity fire in a coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest
Authors: Su Lei , Qi Linyu , Li Xiaolin , Liu Yanchun , Miao Yuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractForest fires, as a prominent main natural disturbance in forest ecosystems, have a critical influence on hydrological processes through the alteration of forest stand structure. Despite throughfall (TF) being the dominant component of rainfall partitioning in forest ecosystems, limited research has thoroughly investigated how forest fire affects the spatial and temporal patterns of TF. This study examined TF patterns in response to low‐severity fire in a coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest in Central China. Our results showed that TF exhibited an increasing trend regarding gross rainfall, and its variability decreased with increasing gross rainfall regardless of burning states. Low‐severity fire induced a considerable enhancement in TF rate, enhancing it from 71.1% to 77.9%, and increased the coefficient of variation from 19.4% to 23.9%. Additionally, TF temporal patterns of burned forest were found to be marginally less stable than unburned forest. We used a sample size of 16 and 25 for unburned and burned forests, respectively, to accurately and reliably acquire TF with an accepted error of 10% and a 95% confidence level. Our findings suggest that low‐severity fire can enhance TF yield and variability, decrease temporal stability. Moreover, we recommend increasing the sample size of burned forest to ensure the collection of representative TF. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding and improve the prediction of forest hydrological processes in response to fire and optimize the sampling scheme of TF.
Effectiveness of a single low‐dose computed tomography screening for lung cancer: A population‐based perspective cohort study in China
Authors: Yu Zhifu , Ni Ping , Yu Huihui , Zuo Tingting , Liu Yunyong , Wang Danbo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this perspective cohort study was to evaluate the effectiveness of low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for lung cancer in China. This study was conducted under the China Urban Cancer Screening Program (CanSPUC). The analysis was based on participants aged 40 to 74 years from 2012 to 2019. A total of 255 569 eligible participants were recruited in the study. Among the 58 136 participants at high risk of lung cancer, 20 346 (35.00%) had a single LDCT scan (defined as the screened group) and 37 790 (65.00%) not (defined as the non‐screened group). Overall, 1162 participants were diagnosed with lung cancer at median follow‐up time of 5.25 years. The screened group had the highest cumulative incidence of lung cancer and the non‐screened group had the highest cumulative lung cancer mortality and all‐cause cumulative mortality. We performed inverse probability weighting (IPW) to account for potential imbalances, and Cox proportional hazards model to estimate the weighted association between mortality and LDCT scans. After IPW adjusted with baseline characteristics, the lung cancer incidence density was significantly increased (37.0% increase) (HR1.37 [95%CI 1.12‐1.69]), lung cancer mortality was decreased (31.0% decrease) (HR0.69 [95%CI 0.49‐0.97]), and the all‐cause mortality was significantly decreased (23.0% lower) (HR0.77 [95% CI 0.68‐0.87]) in the screened group. In summary, a single LDCT for lung cancer screening will reduce the mortality of lung cancer and all‐cause mortality in China.
Biomimetic proteoglycans as a tool to engineer the structure and mechanics of porcine bioprosthetic heart valves
Authors: Petrovic Mark , Kahle Elizabeth R. , Han Lin , Marcolongo Michele S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe utility of bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) is limited to certain patient populations because of their poor durability compared to mechanical prosthetic valves. Histological analysis of failed porcine BHVs suggests that degeneration of the tissue extracellular matrix (ECM), specifically the loss of proteoglycans and their glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), may lead to impaired mechanical performance, resulting in nucleation and propagation of tears and ultimately failure of the prosthetic. Several strategies have been proposed to address this deterioration, including novel chemical fixatives to stabilize ECM constituents and incorporation of small molecule inhibitors of catabolic enzymes implicated in the degeneration of the BHV ECM. Here, biomimetic proteoglycans (BPGs) were introduced into porcine aortic valves ex vivo and were shown to distribute throughout the valve leaflets. Incorporation of BPGs into the heart valve leaflet increased tissue overall GAG content. The presence of BPGs also significantly increased the micromodulus of the spongiosa layer within the BHV without compromising the chemical fixation process used to sterilize and strengthen the tissue prior to implantation. These findings suggest that a targeted approach for molecularly engineering valve leaflet ECM through the use of BPGs may be a viable way to improve the mechanical behavior and potential durability of BHVs.
Tensile Mechanical Properties of Dry Cortical Bone Extracellular Matrix: A Comparison Among Two Osteogenesis Imperfecta and One Healthy Control Iliac Crest Biopsies
Authors: Indermaur Michael , Casari Daniele , Kochetkova Tatiana , Willie Bettina M. , Michler Johann , Schwiedrzik Jakob , Zysset Philippe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic, collagen‐related bone disease that increases the incidence of bone fractures. Still, the origin of this brittle mechanical behavior remains unclear. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of OI bone exhibits a higher degree of bone mineralization (DBM), whereas compressive mechanical properties at the ECM level do not appear to be inferior to healthy bone. However, it is unknown if collagen defects alter ECM tensile properties. This study aims to quantify the tensile properties of healthy and OI bone ECM. In three transiliac biopsies (healthy n = 1, OI type I n = 1, OI type III n = 1), 23 microtensile specimens (gauge dimensions 10 × 5 × 2 μm3) were manufactured and loaded quasi‐statically under tension in vacuum condition. The resulting loading modulus and ultimate strength were extracted. Interestingly, tensile properties in OI bone ECM were not inferior compared to controls. All specimens revealed a brittle failure behavior. Fracture surfaces were graded according to their mineralized collagen fibers (MCF) orientation into axial, mixed, and transversal fracture surface types (FST). Furthermore, tissue mineral density (TMD) of the biopsy cortices was extracted from micro–computed tomogra[hy (μCT) images. Both FST and TMD are significant factors to predict loading modulus and ultimate strength with an adjusted R2 of 0.556 (p = 2.65e−05) and 0.46 (p = 2.2e−04), respectively. The influence of MCF orientation and DBM on the mechanical properties of the neighboring ECM was further verified with quantitative polarized Raman spectroscopy (qPRS) and site‐matched nanoindentation. MCF orientation and DBM were extracted from the qPRS spectrum, and a second mechanical model was developed to predict the indentation modulus with MCF orientation and DBM (R2 = 67.4%, p = 7.73e−07). The tensile mechanical properties of the cortical bone ECM of two OI iliac crest biopsies are not lower than the one from a healthy and are primarily dependent on MCF orientation and DBM. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The relationship between dissociation and panic symptoms in adolescence and the exploration of potential mediators
Authors: Shipp Lottie , Musatova Alisa , Černis Emma , Waite Polly 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundDissociative experiences have been linked to panic symptoms in adolescents, yet the nature of the association remains unclear.MethodsIn the present study, we investigated the longitudinal relationship between dissociative experiences (focusing on the felt sense of anomaly subtype) and panic, as well as the potential mediating roles of emotion regulation strategies (expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal), alexithymia, and cognitive appraisals of dissociation. Four thousand five hundred one adolescents aged 13–18 years were recruited via social media advertising to take part in an online survey at two timepoints, 1 month apart.ResultsAnalysis of 421 datasets found a significant positive relationship between initial dissociative experiences and panic symptoms reported 1 month later. This was mediated by the emotion regulation strategy of cognitive reappraisal, and cognitive appraisals of dissociation. These two variables were no longer significant mediators when controlling for panic symptoms at the first time point, likely due to the stability of panic symptoms across both assessments. Neither alexithymia nor expressive suppression were significant mediators.ConclusionsThus, dissociative experiences that are persistently misinterpreted in a catastrophic manner may lead to escalating anxiety and panic symptoms, which could in turn heighten and maintain the feared dissociation sensation. These results indicate that dissociative experiences are associated with panic symptoms in adolescence, with cognitive appraisals of dissociation and cognitive reappraisal playing a role in this relationship.
Seasonal variations of the epididymis in donkeys (Equus asinus) with special reference to blood epididymal barrier
Authors: Abdel‐maksoud Fatma M. , Zayed Ahmed E. , Abdelhafez Enas A. , Hussein Manal T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe epididymis, a key component of the male reproductive system, controls spermatozoa's maturation, fertility, and storage. The objective of this study is to evaluate the histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical variations in the epididymis of donkeys that occur throughout the year. During the breeding season (spring) and nonbreeding seasons (summer, autumn, and winter), 20 epididymis were collected from adult, clinically healthy donkeys. Compared to non‐breeding seasons, the epididymal duct displayed a more active lining epithelium and more sperm in the lumen during the breeding season. The epithelial height is the lowest and the lumen is the widest during the breeding season. Furthermore, the epididymal epithelium in the tail region exhibits undulations with polyps‐like projections. The epididymal epithelium is composed mainly of the principal, basal, and dark cells. Tight junction between adjacent principal cells is more obvious in the breeding season as compared to the non‐breeding seasons. However, intraepithelial lymphocytes, phagocytic, and other immune cells are more frequent in non‐breeding seasons. β‐catenin, which is a component of the adherent junctions between adjacent PCs, exhibits more immunoreactivity during the spring. On the other hand, iNOS, an indicator of oxidative stress, reacts positively during the summer. Additionally, during non‐breeding seasons, autophagy was detected within the epididymal epithelium which may be linked to stress adaptation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the histological and ultrastructural characteristics of the epididymal epithelium are more active during spring compared to other seasons of the year.Research Highlights
The study aimed to evaluate the histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical variations in the blood epididymal barrier (BEB) and epididymal epithelium of donkeys that occur throughout the year.
In comparison to non‐breeding seasons, the epididymal duct displayed a more active lining epithelium and more sperm in the lumen during the breeding season.
The epithelial height is the lowest and the lumen is the widest during the breeding season.
The epididymal epithelium in the tail region exhibits undulations with polyps‐like projections that increase the surface area.
β‐catenin, which is a component of the adherent junctions between adjacent PCs, exhibits more immunoreactivity during the spring. On the other hand, iNOS, an indicator of oxidative stress, reacts positively during the summer.