bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory analysis of sweetness in viscous solutions and gels with agar
Authors: Okamoto Yoko , Tayama Kenji , Kurotobi Tomoka , Watanabe Yoshimi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe prepared 81 samples of sweetened viscous solutions and gels with agar concentrations ranging from 0.025% to 0.60% and compared their sweetness intensities to reference solutions without agar. Sweetened viscous solutions containing agar showed significantly higher sweetness intensity in six solutions containing D‐glucose, three solutions containing sucrose, and four solutions containing D‐sorbitol compared to the reference solutions. Notably, some sweetened viscous solutions with extremely low viscosity showed higher sweetness intensity than the reference solution, which is a novel finding. Sweet samples containing agar showed significantly lower sweetness intensity than the reference solution in 15 samples containing D‐glucose, 17 samples containing sucrose, and 15 samples containing D‐sorbitol, supporting previous theories. We performed a simple regression analysis on the sweetness intensity of viscous solutions and gels containing agar and their physical properties. Our results showed a strong correlation between sweetness intensity and physical properties. These findings suggest that as sweetness intensity decreases, physical properties tend to increase.Practical ApplicationsTo prevent noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, it is recommended to practice carbohydrate restriction and reduce the consumption of sweet foods. In this study, upon being offered extremely low‐viscosity sweetened solutions, we anticipate perceiving a slightly stronger sweetness and an increased sense of satisfaction in contrast to tasting sweetened aqueous solutions without viscosity. These findings hold the potential to provide pioneering insights into the interplay between taste and texture for entities such as food manufacturers. They could facilitate applications designed to elevate the quality of health‐conscious food production.
Transmission mode predicts coinfection patterns of insect‐specific viruses in field populations of the Queensland fruit fly
Authors: Sharpe Stephen R. , Morrow Jennifer L. , Cook James M. , Papanicolaou Alexie , Riegler Markus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInsect‐specific viruses (ISVs) can affect insect health and fitness, but can also interact with other insect‐associated microorganisms. Despite this, ISVs are often studied in isolation from each other, in laboratory populations. Consequently, their diversity, prevalence and associations with other viruses in field populations are less known, yet these parameters are important to understanding virus epidemiology. To help address this knowledge gap, we assessed the diversity, prevalence and coinfections of three ISVs (horizontally transmitted cripavirus, biparentally transmitted sigmavirus and maternally transmitted iflavirus) in 29 field populations of Queensland fruit fly, Australia's most significant horticultural pest, in the context of their different transmission modes. We detected new virus variant diversity. In contrast to the very high virus prevalence in laboratory populations, 46.8% of 293 field flies carried one virus and 4.8% had two viruses. Cripavirus and sigmavirus occurred in all regions, while iflavirus was restricted to subtropical and tropical regions. Cripavirus was most prevalent (37.5%), followed by sigmavirus (13.7%) and iflavirus (4.4%). Cripavirus coinfected some flies with either one of the two vertically transmitted viruses. However, sigmavirus did not coinfect individuals with iflavirus. Three different modelling approaches detected negative association patterns between sigmavirus and iflavirus, consistent with the absence of such coinfections in laboratory populations. This may be linked with their maternal transmission and the ineffective paternal transmission of sigmavirus. Furthermore, we found that, unlike sigmavirus and iflavirus, cripavirus load was higher in laboratory than field flies. Laboratory and mass‐rearing conditions may increase ISV prevalence and load due to increased transmission opportunities. We conclude that a combination of field and laboratory studies is needed to uncover ISV interactions and further our understanding of ISV epidemiology.
Timing's not everything: Immediate and delayed feedback are equally beneficial for performance in formative multiple‐choice testing
Authors: Ryan Anna T. , Judd Terry , Wilson Carey , Larsen Douglas P. , Elliott Simone , Kulasegaram Kulamakan , Swanson David 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionTest‐enhanced learning (TEL) is an impactful teaching and learning strategy that prioritises active learner engagement through the process of regular testing and reviewing. While it is clear that meaningful feedback optimises the effects of TEL, the ideal timing of this feedback (i.e. immediate or delayed) in a medical education setting is unclear.MethodForty‐one second‐year medical students were recruited from the University of Melbourne. Participants were given a multiple‐choice question test with a mix of immediate (i.e. post‐item) and delayed (i.e. post‐item‐block) conceptual feedback. Students were then tested on near and far transfer items during an immediate post‐test, and at a one‐week follow‐up.ResultsA logistic mixed effects model was used to predict the probability of successful near and far transfer. As expected, participants in our study tended to score lower on far transfer items than they did on near transfer items. In addition, correct initial response on a parent question predicted subsequent correct responding. Contrary to our hypotheses, the feedback timing effect was non‐significant—there was no discernible difference between feedback delivered immediately versus delayed feedback.DiscussionThe findings of this study suggest that the timing of feedback delivery (post‐item versus post‐item‐block) does not influence the efficacy of TEL in this medical education setting. We therefore suggest that educators may consider practical factors when determining appropriate TEL feedback timing in their setting.
K+ and pH homeostasis in plant cells is controlled by a synchronized K+/H+ antiport at the plasma and vacuolar membrane
Authors: Li Kunkun , Grauschopf Christina , Hedrich Rainer , Dreyer Ingo , Konrad Kai R. 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Stomatal movement involves ion transport across the plasma membrane (PM) and vacuolar membrane (VM) of guard cells. However, the coupling mechanisms of ion transporters in both membranes and their interplay with Ca2+ and pH changes are largely unclear.
Here, we investigated transporter networks in tobacco guard cells and mesophyll cells using multiparametric live‐cell ion imaging and computational simulations.
K+ and anion fluxes at both, PM and VM, affected H+ and Ca2+, as changes in extracellular KCl or KNO3 concentrations were accompanied by cytosolic and vacuolar pH shifts and changes in [Ca2+]cyt and the membrane potential. At both membranes, the K+ transporter networks mediated an antiport of K+ and H+. By contrast, net transport of anions was accompanied by parallel H+ transport, with differences in transport capacity for chloride and nitrate. Guard and mesophyll cells exhibited similarities in K+/H+ transport but cell type‐specific differences in [H+]cyt and pH‐dependent [Ca2+]cyt signals. Computational cell biology models explained mechanistically the properties of transporter networks and the coupling of transport across the PM and VM.
Our integrated approach indicates fundamental principles of coupled ion transport at membrane sandwiches to control H+/K+ homeostasis and points to transceptor‐like Ca2+/H+‐based ion signaling in plant cells.
Photobiomodulation for melasma treatment: Integrative review and state of the art
Authors: Galache Thais Rodrigues , Sena Michelle Mota , Tassinary João Alberto Fioravante , Pavani Christiane 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposePhotobiomodulation therapy (PBM) is a versatile technique for treating skin diseases. Melasma, a chronic hyperpigmentation condition, has recently been associated with vascular features and dermal photoaging and poses significant management challenges. We review the recent literature on melasma etiology and the evidence supporting PBM as a therapeutic modality for melasma treatment.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive literature search in three different databases from May to August 2023, focusing on studies published in the past 10 years. The inclusion criteria comprised full‐text studies investigating low‐power lasers and/or light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) in in vitro or in vivo models, as well as clinical trials. We excluded studies discussing alternative melasma therapies or lacking experimental data. We identified additional studies by searching the reference lists of the selected articles.ResultsWe identified nine relevant studies. Clinical studies, in agreement with in vitro experiments and animal models, suggest that PBM effectively reduces melasma‐associated hyperpigmentation. Specific wavelengths (red: 630 nm; amber: 585 and 590 nm; infrared: 830 and 850 nm) at radiant exposures between 1 and 20 J/cm2 exert modulatory effects on tyrosinase activity, gene expression, and protein synthesis of melanocytic pathway components, and thus significantly reduce the melanin content. Additionally, PBM is effective in improving the dermal structure and reducing erythema and neovascularization, features recently identified as pathological components of melasma.ConclusionPBM emerges as a promising, contemporary, and non‐invasive procedure for treating melasma. Beyond its role in inhibiting melanogenesis, PBM shows potential in reducing erythema and vascularization and improving dermal conditions. However, robust and well‐designed clinical trials are needed to determine optimal light parameters and to evaluate the effects of PBM on melasma thoroughly.
Trace element composition of fluorite from the Chumathang pegmatite deposit, eastern Ladakh, India
Authors: Namga Stanzin , Srivastava Pankaj K. , Magotra Rajni , Singh Pawan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe fluorite deposit of the Chumathang area of south‐eastern Ladakh, India, is hosted in pegmatite which cross‐cuts the Paleogene Chumathang granite. The rare earth element and yttrium (REE‐Y) and the trace element's composition of different colored (green, purple, and white) fluorite were investigated to understand its genesis. The green fluorite core is surrounded by purple fluorite, indicating that green fluorite crystallized earlier than the purple one. The white fluorite is mineralized with green fluorite, it does not exhibit any zoning like the other fluorite. The REE pattern of green and white fluorites is similar to those in the host pegmatite and associated Chumathang granite. ƩREE content in fluorite increases from green, white to purple. Fluorites in the study area are characterized by negative Ce suggesting partial reducing conditions during its formation. The Y/Y*, Ce/Ce*, and Eu/Eu* ratios show that fluorite records the compositional evolution of the hydrothermal solutions that transported the trace and REE from the host granite during the fluid–wall rocks interactions. The fluorite exhibits a positive Y anomaly which is suggestive of strong Y‐Ho fractionation in the fluid system. Chumathang fluorite show significant degrees of differentiation between terbium (Tb) and lanthanum (La) in all the purple, green, and white colored fluorite. The Tb/La and Tb/Ca ratios of the fluorites confirm the role of pegmatitic melt and hydrothermal fluid in the genesis of Chumathang fluorite.
Socio‐scientific issues instruction for scientific literacy: 5E Framing to enhance teaching practice
Authors: Owens David C. , Sadler Troy D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSocio‐scientific issues (SSI) instruction positions the understanding and practice of science in the context of issues that are informed by science but require reasoning about their societal dimensions to respond to those issues effectively. For this reason, instruction in the context of SSI has been considered the gateway to contemporary visions of scientific literacy. SSI instruction is often framed in line with the Socio‐Scientific Issues Teaching and Learning (SSI‐TL) framework, which is prominent in the literature and well‐used by researchers to frame professional development but potentially less familiar to classroom teachers. Given that teachers are likely familiar with the 5E learning cycle, they might experience an easier transition to developing and facilitating SSI instruction using the SSI‐TL model if framed through a lens of 5E. In this article, we unpack the SSI‐TL model of instruction through a 5E lens, then provide an exemplary prototype of the new SSI‐TL infused 5E instruction in the context of a globally relevant SSI to highlight the overlap between engagement in essential science practices and socio‐scientific reasoning. We hope that teachers become more comfortable developing science literacy by addressing both science and societal dimensions of contemporary SSI by considering the SSI‐TL Framework through a 5E lens.
Constructing Bootstrap Confidence Intervals of Process Capability Indices for a Three Parameter Weibull Distribution
Authors: Ali Shafaqat , Khoo Michael Boon Chong , Kashif Mohammad , Javed Zunair , Saha Sajal 
Published: November 2023

Statistical Quality Control (SQC) technique is used in investigating the quality improvement features in a manufacturing process. One of the important tools in SQC is the process capability indices (PCIs), for measuring and comparing the characteristics of a productionprocess to engineering specifications. This article evaluates the performance of the PCIs for a three parameter Weibull distribution which is commonly employed in almost all fields of studies, such as reliability, stability and breakage data. In this article, three different techniques of constructing bootstrap confidence intervals (BCIs) of PCIs are investigated using simulations for the three parameterWeibull distribution. The three different techniques considered are percentile bootstrap, bias-corrected percentile bootstrap and normal bootstrap techniques. By using simulation, the authors investigate the average widths of the BCI of each of the three different techniques. It is found that the average widths of the bias-corrected percentile bootstrap technique are shorter than that of the other two techniques.
Intraguild Predation Model with Stage Structure and Cannibalism in Prey Population
Authors: Manimaran Kritika , Mustapha Faridah , Mohd Siam Fuaada 
Published: November 2023

This paper concerns an intraguild predator model with stage structure and cannibalism in the prey population, where the prey population is divided into two stages, namely, a juvenile stage, and an adult stage. We investigated the dynamics of this model. We obtained the quilibrium points, the conditions of existence, and the condition for stability using the Jacobian matrix and Routh Hurwitz criterion. We use numerical simulation to illustrate the dynamics of the model over time. Furthermore, we illustrate the effects of the maturation rate on the adult prey population and the carrying capacity of the basal resources on the existence and stability region of the model. We also analysed the transcritical bifurcation with the maturation rate selected as the primary bifurcation parameter. We demonstrate herein that each equilibriumpoint undergoes stability switching of the equilibria with the change of maturation rate either from stable to unstable to stable, or unstable to stable to unstable. The obtained result indicates that a large maturation rate can lead to a system where the prey population can escape from predation yet negatively impacts the survival rate of basal resources in the ecosystem. Whereas, an intermediate maturation rate indicates that the species could co-exist whereby theoretically, it can ensure that the optimal predator population exists in the ecosystem. This is in parallel able to stabilise the effect of overpopulation of predators with competition factor. An ecosystem with all species coexists could ensure a healthy ecological interaction for a sustainable environment.
Adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis under physiologically energetic challenges: a remodelled thermogenic system
Authors: Zhu Yupeng , Liu Weina , Qi Zhengtang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes are often thought to be caused by reduced energy expenditure, which poses a serious threat to human health. Cold exposure, exercise and caloric restriction have been shown to promote adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis. These physiological interventions increase energy expenditure and thus have emerged as promising strategies for mitigating metabolic disorders. However, that increased adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis elevate thermogenic consumption is not a reasonable explanation when humans and animals confront energetic challenges imposed by these interventions. In this review, we collected numerous results on adipose tissue browning and whitening and evaluated this bi‐directional conversion of adipocytes from the perspective of energy homeostasis. Here, we propose a new interpretation of the role of adipose tissue browning under energetic challenges: increased adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis under energy challenge is not to enhance energy expenditure, but to reestablish a more economical thermogenic pattern to maintain the core body temperature. This can be achieved by enhancing the contribution of non‐shivering thermogenesis (adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis) and lowering shivering thermogenesis and high intensity shivering. Consequently, the proportion of heat production in fat increases and that in skeletal muscle decreases, enabling skeletal muscle to devote more energy reserves to overcoming environmental stress.
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Layer-Specific Properties of the Human Infra-Renal Aorta During Aging Considering Pre/Post-Failure Damage
Authors: Sokolis Dimitrios P. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is little information on the layer-specific failure properties of the adult human abdominal aorta, and there has been no quantification of postfailure damage. Infra-renal aortas were thus taken from forty-seven autopsy subjects and cut into 870 intact-wall and layer strips that underwent uni-axial-tensile testing. Intact-wall failure stress did not differ significantly (p &gt; 0.05) from the medial value longitudinally, nor from the intimal and medial values circumferentially, which were the lowest recorded values. Intact-wall failure stretch did not differ (p &gt; 0.05) from the medial value in either direction. Intact-wall prefailure stretch (defined as failure stretch-stretch at the initiation of the concave phase of the stress–stretch response) did not differ (p &gt; 0.05) from the intimal and medial values, and intact-wall postfailure stretch (viz., full-rupture stretch-failure stretch) did not differ (p &gt; 0.05) from the adventitial value since the adventitia was the last layer to rupture, being most extensible albeit under residual tension. Intact-wall failure stress and stretch declined from 20 to 60 years, explained by steady declines throughout the lifetime of their medial counterparts, implicating beyond 60 years the less age-varying failure properties of the intima under minimal residual compression. The positive correlation of postfailure stretch with age counteracted the declining failure stretch, serving as a compensatory mechanism against rupture. Hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease adversely affected the intact-wall and layer-specific failure stretches while increasing stiffness.
LMP and Omega Creep Testing of HPMA Centrifugally Cast Fe-Cr-Ni Alloys
Authors: Hau Jorge , Abdellatif Hussain , Park Neil 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A creep test program was undertaken with six tube samples removed from a SMR furnace. The tubes are HP micro alloyed centrifugally cast Fe-Cr-Ni that contains Nb and minor amounts of Ti, Zr, W, and perhaps rare earth elements. Both LMP and Omega creep tests were performed. Initially, this type of material is inherently creep brittle but as soon as it is put in service, the high operating temperatures caused significant increase in creep ductility that occurred at the expense of decreasing creep strength. However, the impact resistance measured by Charpy tests remains as low as as-cast condition. This paper describes the material creep behavior of this alloy in the light of the Omega test parameters and shows the correlations found among all these factors that were measured, as well as with the LMP method.
Bridging Length Scales Efficiently Through Surrogate Modelling
Authors: Knowles David , Demir Eralp , Smith Mike C. , Yankova Maria S. , Vasileiou Anastasia , Rissaki Dimitra , Wilcox Paul , Kumar Dinesh , Mokhtarishirazabad Mehdi , Mostafavi Mahmoud 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Safety sensitive industries are increasingly facing challenges such as reducing their environmental impact and bringing down their cost. Part of the solution to such challenges is economical use of assets while maintaining the safety level if not increasing it. Thus, more informed and reliable decision making on repairing or replacing key components is becoming even more important where a simple binary safe/unsafe choice is no longer desirable. Instead, a realistic assessment which inevitably would be probabilistic is needed. However, obtaining the required level of data to suitably underpin a probabilistic assessment can be prohibitively expensive as carrying out hundreds if not thousands of full-scale tests is no longer economically possible. In this work, we explore an alternative approach in which micromechanical characterisations, which due to their small scale, are more affordable, are carried out and informed a meso-scale model of the material behaviour. The meso-scale simulation, that is a crystal plasticity finite element model, is informed by the variations within the material microstructure thus returning a representative material response. The model variation can be estimated by machine learning algorithm such as polynomial chaos expansion thus returning material response variability in a sensible time-scale. The material variability, in turn, is input into a surrogate model of a process modelling, in our case welding simulation, to produce variability in a parameter important for assessment such as weld residual stress.
HDPE Piping Stress Analysis Using the CAESAR Software With ASME NM.1 and NM.3.3
Authors: Fathi Mehdi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This technical paper defines a consistent approach for the stress analysis of PE piping based on guidelines of ASME NM.1. It includes CAESAR II setup (as an example) for HDPE pipe stress analysis and determines the qualification criteria for PE piping stress analysis. Recently ASME published NM.1 for thermoplastic piping systems, however this standard (code) does not exist in the latest Caesar software V13 (most recognized industrial software for stress analysis). The user of this document could run the stress analysis of HDPE through Caesar software with any version of this software.
Define to how incorporate the correct allowable stress, service temperature, environmental factor, poison ratio, thermal expansion coefficient factor, appropriate stress code and apparent elastic modulus to meet the code cycles as well as how it will be implemented regarding the duration of sustained loading to have safe and standard design. Lastly addressing the proper stress intensification factor and load case combination to evaluate the stress analysis result.
This technical paper applied to Caesar II V13 (latest revision) and all the previous revisions of this software as well. To date none of the Cesar II version has the ASME NM.1 in their database but in this paper have tried to justify using other code to be used and analyze the PE pipe.