bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Church Hates Women
Authors: Jenkins Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recently, feminist activist Eleanor Smeal has suggested that main-stream denominations tended to underplay the blatant evils of the Catholic Church, for fear of appearing anti-Catholic. Specifically, she has said: “We have to be tougher on the Catholic Church—we are letting them off the hook.” This suggestion is astonishing in view of the con- stant barrage of feminist attacks on the Church and its leaders. In recent years, women’s groups such as Smeal’s Feminist Majority Foundation have been among the most vocal critics of Catholicism, to the extent that the mass media have almost without question accepted the notion of “Catholic misogyny.” On many occasions, the feminist critique of the Church has crossed the line into strident anti-Catholicism.
Imbued with Otherness
Authors: Yu Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Form’s what affirms,” declares a nameless schoolteacher, a character who represents both the poet’s spokesman and straw man in James Merrill’s poem “The Thousand and Second Night,” one of two brilliant lyric sequences from his 1966 collection Nights and Days. The pronouncement approvingly reflects back on the poem itself and enlarges the teacher’s observation that three enigmatic prose intermissions in the sequence refer “to mind, body, and soul (or memory).”
The emphasis of the terms on form, on memory, and on the distinction between the physical and metaphysical suggests a flirtation with the terms of Platonic philosophy. The argument on behalf of poetry is generally in keeping with Diotima’s praise of literary artists in the Symposium for being lovers of “wisdom” (phronesis) and “excellence” (arete).
The Erotic and the Mystical: Bringing Sexuality and Spirituality Together in Reading the Song Of Songs
Authors: Carr David M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is something seductive about the Song of Songs. As Cheryl Exum observes, “Something about the Song turns even the most hardened of feminist critics into a bubbling romantic.”1 The poem purports to let us eavesdrop on a private conversation, though in actuality, the text is quite public. It pretends to present raw lovers’ voices unmediated by any narrator, though in fact these voices are artistic creations. The anonymity of the lovers makes it easier to identify ourselves with one of them. Insofar as we have felt similar desires, the poem invites us to identify with their speech. It lures us to climb into the dialogue and see their speech as the real speech of lovers, perhaps even the real speech of our love. We imagine ourselves longing for a kiss like the woman when she says, “Let him kiss me with the kiss of his mouth” (Song 1:2).
Teaching Freud and Interpreting Augustine’s Confessions
Authors: Dixon Sandra Lee 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter will highlight two words of the overall topic, teaching Freud and interpreting Augustine’s Confessions. I emphasize teaching Freud because the literature on the psychological study of Augustine, largely psychoanalytical as it is, rarely cites Freud at all. Yet Freudian ideas abound, especially in the articles from the 1960s that launched research on this topic. If we claim to teach Freud, we should, I believe, let students sharpen their minds on the words, at least in translation, of Freud himself. Moreover, self-discipline in the psychological study of Augustine is crucial, as historians and theologians will remind us. If we do not start by disciplining ourselves in our use of theory, I have little hope that we will do so in the interpretation of Augustine’s writing.
I proceed both in this essay and in class by thinking of the conclusions of psychoanalytic theory and practice as tools of investigation for understanding a perplexing phenomenon. To employ them deftly, one must, of course, know how they are put together. So we spend time taking them apart and examining the pieces. Then we can reconstruct the tools and test more fully our understanding by using them to produce something different. For those of us who like this sort of project, Freudian theory offers a marvelous means of investigation and Augustine’s Confessions a wonder of material to reconceive in Freudian terms.
Intentional Error :The Paradox of Editing Joyce’s Ulysses
Authors: Mahaffey Vicki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In The Spring Of 1990, I had an informal conference with a graduate student in architecture who was auditing my course in Yeats and Joyce. I asked him about his work, and he explained the project he was currently working on: I want to design a contemporary library, one that takes into account the change in the way readers are increasingly encountering the texts they read: on computer screens, with characters that are not inked, but which emit light. When you research the architecture of famous libraries, it becomes clear that throughout the era of the printed book, architects have had to factor in an awareness that light damages books. I am anticipating a situation in which we read light, and I’d like to design a library in which the architecture would express and reflect this startling reversal. The student’s comments crystallized for me some of the thoughts I had been having about textual editing.
New England Yankee
Authors: Yarbrough Tinsley E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
DAVID SOUTER WAS expected for lunch at the home of his Concord, New Hampshire, friends Ronald and Mary Ellen Snow. The Supreme Court’s fall term had not yet begun, and the justice regularly delayed his return to Washington as long as possible, leaving New Hampshire only a few days before the Court’s first conference in late September. But earlier that morning, September II, 2001, terrorists had launched their horrendous attacks on New York and Washington; Mary Ellen Snow seriously doubted their guest would appear. “Mary Ellen called me at the office that day, assuming that David wouldn’t be coming,” Ron Snow later recalled with a smile. “And I said, ‘You better have lunch ready, because he’ll show up.’ I went home at a quarter of twelve and at noon David drove into the yard. When we asked him how he got away from the [marshal at his Concord chambers], he said, ‘It was simple; I didn’t tell them I was going.’ He had gone to the florist’s and picked up a pot of flowers, and we sat on the side porch of our house. Mary Ellen put up a screen so no one would see him, and we had a long, lovely lunch.”
“Stealth Candidate”
Authors: Yarbrough Tinsley E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Within A Short Time of his appointment to the New Hampshire Supreme Court, David Souter had acquired a reputation as the court’s intellectual leader. When John King retired as chief justice in 19861 Souter’s friends assumed Governor John Sununu would elevate him to the court’s center seat. But Sununu followed tradition, choosing David Brock, who had been appointed an associate justice on the court in 1978 five years before Souter joined him there. According to Souter’s friend and mentor Warren Rudman, whose high regard for the future justice accounted for his rapid rise in the New Hampshire attorney general’s office, “David was dis appointed. The challenge of being an associate justice was wearing thin. Once again he was uncertain about his future. He even considered leaving the court.”
American Law In A Global Context
Authors: Fletcher George P , Sheppard Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Whatever your background, if you seek an understanding of the legal system of the United States, this is the book for you. American Law in a Global Context is an elegant and erudite introduction to the American legal system from a global perspective. It covers the law and lawyering tools taught in the first year of law school, explaining the underlying concepts and techniques of the common law used in U.S. legal practice. The ideas central to the development and practice of American law, as well as constitutional law, contracts, property, criminal law, and courtroom procedure, are all presented in their historical and intellectual contexts, accessible to the novice but with insight that will inform the expert. Actual cases illuminate each major subject, engaging readers in the legal process and the arguments between real people that make American law an ever-evolving system. George P. Fletcher and Steve Sheppard’s exciting approach contrasts the American legal system with other legal systems, especially those of continental Europe. This comparison illuminates the core concepts of US law, making them easily understandable to readers from other systems, and offering a unique perspective on American law as part of global network of laws. Designed to help the foreign student grasp the basic ideas of pedagogy, legal institutions, and substantive law in the US, appendices include an introduction to the common law method, instruction on how to read a case, and the interpretation of statutes. Based on the course for lawyers from across the globe studying American law at Columbia University, this cutting edge volume makes the basics of American legal education accessible to students and the public worldwide. A must-own reference source for LLM students, undergraduates, and students of US law in other countries.
Freedom Fights Back
Authors: Fletcher George P , Sheppard Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Constitutional history, at least in the United States, could be written as a struggle between the commitment to freedom and the commitment to equality. The more freedom people have, the less they are equal. The more equality they enjoy, the less freedom they are allowed to exercise. The more equality, the less freedom. This was the view—if slightly perverse—of the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott decision, which held that the Missouri Compromise violated the freedom to take one’s property (i.e., slaves) wherever one went. The conflict also applies to the accumulation of wealth. The freedom to own property and to earn money in a free market stands in opposition to the equal distribution of wealth. The American Supreme Court has consistently rejected the relevance of wealth in applying the principle of equality under law.
Multiple Common Laws?
Authors: Fletcher George P , Sheppard Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The federal courts have jurisdiction in diversity-of-citizenship cases, but what law should they apply? The case does not arise under the Constitution or under federal statutes. It arises under the common law. Therefore, it seems that a federal court should, like any court, be able to interpret the common law as it sees fit. Yet the first statute on the organization of the federal courts, the Judiciary Act of 1789, established the rule that in “trials at common law” the federal court should apply the “laws” of the several states. Therefore, the federal courts interpreted the Judiciary Act to mean that they should apply the law of state in which they sit. If there was a state statute on the point, the federal court applied the statute, but this left a vast repository of cases to be resolved under the common law.
Feudalism in Land Law
Authors: Fletcher George P , Sheppard Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lawyers in the civil law tradition are rarely aware of the great inﬂuence of the French Revolution on the structure of their legal ideas. In the field of real property, at least, the revolution changed everything. It converted the feudal order into a liberal system of ownership in which a single owner could own and alienate (sell, give away, transfer by will) his or her entire interest in a piece of land. The liberal idea is that a piece of land should be owned in exactly the same way that a chattel (a piece of movable property) can be owned. If you transfer ownership in a car or horse, why should you not be able to transfer title to a piece of land? The whole idea of the feudal system was that land was different; land provided the basis of the interlocking set of obligations that constituted the basic structure of society. To understand how this system worked, we turn back to the early common law in England, to the beginning of the feudal system.
The American Civil Trial in Outline
Authors: Fletcher George P , Sheppard Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The American adversary system of civil procedure is probably better known than any other to both lawyers and nonlawyers across the globe. Depicted in movies and books distributed to audiences worldwide, the drama of attorney confrontation over the evidence is ubiquitous. As lawyers from states with civilian and other systems know, the common law trial is an unusual process, which not only gives the judge little or no role in gathering or sifting the evidence but also leaves the verdict entirely to lay jurors, even in complicated commercial lawsuits.1 Indeed, given the central role of the jury trial as the model for all common law litigation—even litigation before a judge alone—it is not unfair to say that the trial as common lawyers think of it has no counterpart in civilian procedure at all.
Where Would You Rather Be Tried?
Authors: Fletcher George P , Sheppard Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite the tendency toward global thinking in criminal law, each country retains its distinctive approach to criminal procedure. The differences in procedural systems probably run deeper than in substantive law. To compare these systems, we should first be clear about the terminology we use. The most common terms for describing systems of criminal procedure are adversarial, inquisitorial, and accusatorial. These systems are defined according to the way in which the three different functions of the trial are allocated. These functions are (1) gathering evidence and presenting it at trial, (2) charging the accused with a crime, and (3) judging guilt or innocence.
The Fate of Bernhard Goetz
Authors: Fletcher George P , Sheppard Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We left the Goetz defense with a hard decision to make. Should they go for the short-term benefit of moving to dismiss the indictment, or should they stick with the indictment as is and avoid the risk of a long-term disaster—namely, a decision on appeal that the binding law in New York was really the objective standard after all?
Defining Police Corruption
Authors: Ivković Sanja Kutnjak 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Newspapers across the world routinely report on corrupt police officers, and some of the stories describe convictions for their behavior. Yet, few legal statutes explicitly define and recognize certain behaviors as corrupt. The corruption-related crimes enumerated in newspaper accounts for which police officers could be convicted include the more typical ones, such as bribery and extortion, and more unusual ones, such as robbery and theft. Could these diverse violations fit under the umbrella of a single form of police misconduct, namely police corruption? What are the important aspects of the definition that would make it applicable to the same corrupt behavior across a broad range of police departments both in the United States and abroad?
Introduction
Authors: Delong-bas Natana J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Post–9/11, Wahhabism has been identified by governments, political analysts, and the media as the major “Islamic threat” facing Western civilization and the inspiration for Osama bin Laden and his alQaida network. It has become infamous for its negative influence on Islam, mosques, and madrasas globally. It is described as extremist, radical, puritanical, contemptuous of modernity, misogynist, and militant in nature. It has been characterized as Islamo-fascism following in the traditions of communism and nazism. It is accused of inspiring militant religious extremism in movements ranging from the Taliban of Afghanistan to the so-called Wahhabis of Central Asia and Osama bin Laden’s al-Qaida network.
Muhammad Ibn Abd alWahhab and the Origins of Wahhabism: The EighteenthCentury Context
Authors: Delong-bas Natana J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wahhabism was founded in the eighteenth century in the province of Najd, a broad desert expanse located in central Arabia. Najd has often been described as a desert wasteland, standing in marked contrast to the more cosmopolitan Hijaz region, which houses the Muslim holy cities of Mecca and Medina. While the Hijaz has been at the forefront of international commerce and educational exchanges, Najd has traditionally been considered a more isolated region, off the beaten track of the caravan routes. As such, Najd has not been a prime location for tourism or foreign conquest. This does not mean that it was completely isolated from the outside world. In fact, pilgrims, students, and merchants regularly traveled from Najd to other regions of Arabia and the Middle East to participate in the broad exchange of ideas, culture, and goods. These exchanges were simply on a smaller scale than was the case for the more cosmopolitan regions that served as a point of arrival rather than departure.
Related Texts and Relevant Terminology
Authors: Kohn Livia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
However central and important in medieval Daoism, the Fengdao kejie did not stand alone. Rather, it was surrounded by various other texts that reinforce, supplement, and expand the information contained in the text. These surrounding works include behavioral manuals that add to the organizational and ritual information contained in the Fengdao kejie; collections of rules, often haphazard, that are both behavioral and organizational and to a large extent cover the same ground; technical works on ordination ranks, procedures, and vestments, mostly associated with the eighth-century ritual master Zhang Wanfu; and one other extensive ritual collection of the eighth century that discusses organizational structures and practices relevant to both lay priests and monastic institutions (see table). All these texts provide supplementary data and are used variou’sly in the footnotes of the translation.
Retribution of Sins
Authors: Kohn Livia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Scripture says: Anyone who desecrates or destroys statues or sacred images of the Heavenly Worthies or the Great Dao after death will fall into the nine realms of darkness or the eighteen hells. After ten thousand kalpas [Yinyuan Jing (hereafter abbreviated YYJ): of receiving pain, the pain will stop and] he will be born again [YYJ: among humanity], in a body suffering from leprosy (YYJ: which will make his whole body ooze pus and blood, be foul-smelling and stinking of rot, so that people will not be pleased to look at him.].
Transmission Details
Authors: Kohn Livia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
throughout the year at all [purgations held] use the hymns in the fundamental scriptures to create a unified intention and joint mind that matches master and disciples. [.. .] Otherwise the right impulse is not achieved, and one violates the dignified observances on the outside and becomes remiss and lax in one’s mind on the inside. Therefore every time they ascend the altar, enter the oratory, perform rites to the Dao, or hold a purgation, all disciples must prostrate themselves with elbows on the ground, while the chimes sound a sincere rhythm, never dropping off or slowing down. Failure to comply carries a subtraction of 1,200 [days of life].
Textuality and Education in Ancient Israel
Authors: Carr David M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first time we actually have documentation for how the Hebrew Bible is used, it is used in educational contexts. The earliest synagogues were primarily teaching institutions, and the Bible was used first and foremost as a holy teaching tool for the education- enculturation of young Jews (mostly males). Within the early synagogues and nonsynagogal schools students learned to recite and understand biblical texts, learning Hebrew and memorizing the Torah, Psalms, and portions of the prophets. Such practices of reading, learning, and memorization of the Bible continue up to the present in many traditional Jewish communities.
The Story Of The Two Brothers
Authors: El-Shamy Hasan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Manuscript of this story, bought in Italy by Madame Elizabeth d’Orbiney, was sold by her to the British Museum in 1857, and was shortly afterwards reproduced by Samuel Birch in the Select Papyri, vol. ii, pl. ix-xix (1860), folio. A cursive edition of his facsimile occupies pp. 22-40 of ./Egyptische Chrestomathie by Leo Reinisch, Vienna, 1875, small folio, and a very careful copy has been given by G. Moller, Hieratische Lesestucke, Leipzig, 1910, small folio, vol. ii, pp.1-20. F. LL Griffith has carefully compared the text with the original, and has published his collation under the title Notes on the Text of the d’Orbiney Papyrus, in the Proceedings of the Society ofBiblicalArchch&ology, vol. vii, 1888-9, pp. 161-172 and 414-416. The text was translated and analysed for the first time by E. de Rouge, Notice sur un manuscrit egyptien, en icriture hiiratique, icrit sous le regne de Merienphtah, jils du grand Ramses, vers le xv’ siecle avant !’ere chritienne, in the Athin&um Franrais, Saturday, October 30, 1852, pp. 280-284 (printed separately by Thunot, 1852, 12mo, 24 pp.), and in the Revue archiologique,1st series, vol. viii, pp. 30 et seq. (printed separately by Leleu, 1852, 8vo, 16 pp. and I pl.); this memoir has been republished in the CEuvres Diverses, vol. ii, pp. 303-319.
The Adventure of Satni-Khamois with the Mummies
Authors: El-Shamy Hasan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE LAST leaf of this story bears a date of year XV of a king whose name has never been written, but who must have been one of the Ptolemies. Two manuscripts of it, at least, exist, the fragments of which are now in the Cairo Museum. The first was discovered and published by Mariette, Les Papyrus du Musee de Boulaq, 1871, vol. i, pl. 29-32, after a facsimile by Emile Brugsch, and then by Krall, Demotische Lesestucke 1897, folio, pl. 29-32, from Mariette’s edition, collated with the original. It was composed of six pages numbered from 1 to 6: the first two are lost and the beginnings of all the lines of the third are missing. The second manuscript was discovered by Spiegelberg among detached sheets brought from the Fayum, and was published by him in the Catalogue of the Cairo Museum, Demotische Denkmaler, 2nd part, die Demotische Papyri, 4°, 1906, Texts pp. n2-n5. It is greatly damaged, and it is rarely that we can distinguish a single consecutive sentence referring to the incidents of Satni’s descent into the tomb of Nenoferkephtah. The text of the first manuscript has been translated by: