bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiome and intestinal inflammation in preclinical stages of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Gilbert Benoît Thomas P , Tadeo Raul Yhossef Tito , Lamacchia Celine , Studer Olivia , Courvoisier Delphine , Raes Jeroen , Finckh Axel 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundFaecalPrevotellaceae, and other microbes, have been associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and preclinical RA. We have performed a quantitative microbiome profiling study in preclinical stages of RA.MethodsFirst-degree relatives of patients with RA (RA-FDRs) from the SCREEN-RA cohort were categorised into four groups: controls, healthy asymptomatic RA-FDRs; high genetic risk, asymptomatic RA-FDRs with two copies of the shared epitope; autoimmunity, asymptomatic RA-FDRs with RA-associated autoimmunity; and symptomatic, clinically suspect arthralgias or untreated new-onset RA.Faecal samples were collected and frozen. 16S sequencing was performed, processed with DADA2 pipeline and Silva database. Cell counts (cytometry) and faecal calprotectin (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) were also obtained. Microbial community analyses were conducted using non-parametric tests, such as permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis, or Aldex2.ResultsA total of 371 individuals were included and categorised according to their preclinical stage of the disease. Groups had similar age, gender and body mass index. We found no significant differences in the quantitative microbiome profiles by preclinical stages (PERMANOVA, R2=0.00798, p=0.56) and, in particular, no group differences inPrevotellaceaeabundance. Results were similar when using relative microbiome profiling data (PERMANOVA, R2=0.0073, p=0.83) or Aldex2 on 16S sequence counts. Regarding faecal calprotectin, we found no differences between groups (p=0.3).ConclusionsWe could not identify microbiome profiles associated with preclinical stages of RA. Only in a subgroup of individuals with the most pronounced phenotypes did we modestly retrieve the previously reported associations.
Kinematic responses of lead-caulked joints for cast iron pipelines subjected to strike-slip faulting
Authors: Li Dian-Qing , Zhao Ning , Du Wenqi , Cao Zi-Jun 
Published: January 2024

Buried cast iron pipelines are susceptible to damage at joints under fault movements. In this paper, a new three-dimensional soil-pipe continuum model for segmented pipelines undergoing fault rupture is introduced, in which both the nonlinear behavior of lead-caulked joints and post-peak softening behavior of dense sand are properly characterized. The rationality of the developed numerical model is validated against experimental results reported in the literature. Parametric analyses indicate that ignoring the strain softening behavior of soil would underestimate the maximum joint rotations, and the parameters of fault-pipe intersection angle, cast iron-lead adhesion, and burial depth play a notable role on the magnitude of joint kinematics. Numerical fault rupture analyses are then conducted for cast iron pipelines with nominal diameters ranging from 900 to 1500 mm. Based on the numerical results, predictive solutions are developed for estimating the maximum axial translations and joint rotations under fault movements. The residuals of the proposed solutions are generally unbiased. The proposed solutions can be used to evaluate the maximum joint kinematics in terms of axial translations and joint rotations for large-diameter cast iron pipelines with lead-caulked joints undergoing strike-slip fault ruptures.
Solution for the null-surface formulation in 2+1 dimensions with radiation source
Authors: Harriott Tina A. , Williams J.G. 
Published: January 2024

The null-surface formulation (NSF) of general relativity has three coupled and highly nonlinear field equations whose solution determines (a family of) null surfaces indicated by the variable u. This variable is one of a set of intrinsic coordinates that are defined in terms of the surfaces. The first of the three field equations is called the main metricity condition, and it is by far the most complicated. This work considers the NSF in 2+1 dimensions and presents a solution that is founded on the following strategy: simplify the main metricity condition by requiring the uu-component of the metric tensor to be zero and then search for an additively separable solution formed from a sum of separate terms—each term being linked with a term in a certain differential operator ∂ so as to cause a convenient cancellation. The main motivation for this work is to find an approach that will extend to higher dimensions, where the role of ∂ is played by the eth operator, ð, of Newman and Penrose.
Isomeric decays with multipolarity $$\lambda \ge$$ 3
Authors: Podolyák Zsolt 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIsomeric decays with multipolarity $$\lambda \ge 3$$

λ
≥
3

are discussed. Parity changing E3, M4, E5 decays are more widespread within the nuclide chart when compared to parity conserving M3, E4 and M5 transitions, which is the consequence of the properties of the nuclear shell model. The E3 transitions around $$^{208}$$

208

Pb are classified depending on their origins. Systematics of M4 and E5 transitions are presented. These provide an excellent test to the study of shell evolution in different parts of the nuclide chart as well as the nature of the effective charges.
NRAS Mutant Dictates AHCYL1-Governed ER Calcium Homeostasis for Melanoma Tumor Growth
Authors: Cai Chufan , Tu Jiayi , Najarro Jeronimo , Zhang Rukang , Fan Hao , Zhang Freya Q. , Li Jiacheng , Xie Zhicheng , Su Rui , Dong Lei , Arellano Nicole , Ciboddo Michele , Elf Shannon E. , Gao Xue , Chen Jing , Wu Rong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Calcium homeostasis is critical for cell proliferation, and emerging evidence shows that cancer cells exhibit altered calcium signals to fulfill their need for proliferation. However, it remains unclear whether there are oncogene-specific calcium homeostasis regulations that can expose novel therapeutic targets. Here, from RNAi screen, we report that adenosylhomocysteinase like protein 1 (AHCYL1), a suppressor of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium channel protein inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), is selectively upregulated and critical for cell proliferation and tumor growth potential of human NRAS-mutated melanoma, but not for melanoma expressing BRAF V600E. Mechanistically, AHCYL1 deficiency results in decreased ER calcium levels, activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), and triggers downstream apoptosis. In addition, we show that AHCYL1 transcription is regulated by activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) in NRAS-mutated melanoma. Our work provides evidence for oncogene-specific calcium regulations and suggests AHCYL1 as a novel therapeutic target for RAS mutant-expressing human cancers, including melanoma.

Implications:
Our findings suggest that targeting the AHCYL1–IP3R axis presents a novel therapeutic approach for NRAS-mutated melanomas, with potential applicability to all cancers harboring RAS mutations, such as KRAS-mutated human colorectal cancers.
The Influence of Politics, Existing Regulations and Knowledge on Street Vendors’ Perception on the Legal Status of Street Vending
Authors: Kirumirah Mubarack Hamidu , Kayunze Kim , Ringo Justin 
Published: January 2024

In the absence of a comprehensive policy regarding the operations of street vending, the presence of contradicting regulations and stances between politicians and government officials on the legal status of vendors, it has been easy for vendors to build various perceptions regarding their legality which at last have led them to clash with urban authorities. For this paper, the researchers determined the influence of politics, existing regulations and vendors’ knowledge vendors’ perception on the legality of street vending operations in Dar es Salaam and Mwanza Cities, Tanzania. The paper is based on a study in which a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from 371 respondents who were selected using proportionate stratified sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect data which were then analysed descriptively by computing descriptive statistics and inferentially by multiple regression. The findings revealed that there was a positive relationship between politics, existing regulations and street vendors’ knowledge and the perception of street vendors regarding their legality. It is concluded that continuous contradictions in law creation and implementation contribute to more problems than solutions regarding street vending activities in urban settings. It is also concluded that politics and associated actions, existing regulations and their implementation, and street vendors’ knowledge positively influence street vendors’ perception regarding the legal status of street vending operations. It is recommended that urban authorities and politicians should set a plain ground on which operations of street vending activities will run.
Role of Protein Kinase C in Metabolic Regulation of Coronary Endothelial Small Conductance Calcium‐Activated Potassium Channels
Authors: Xing Hang , Sabe Sharif A. , Shi Guangbin , Harris Dwight D. , Liu Yuhong , Sellke Frank W. , Feng Jun 
Published: January 2024

Background
Small conductance calcium‐activated potassium (SK) channels are largely responsible for endothelium‐dependent coronary arteriolar relaxation. Endothelial SK channels are downregulated by the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), which is increased in the setting of diabetes, yet the mechanisms of these changes are unclear. PKC (protein kinase C) is an important mediator of diabetes‐induced coronary endothelial dysfunction. Thus, we aimed to determine whether NADH signaling downregulates endothelial SK channel function via PKC.

Methods and Results

SK channel currents of human coronary artery endothelial cells were measured by whole cell patch clamp method in the presence/absence of NADH, PKC activator phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate, PKC inhibitors, or endothelial PKC
α
/PKC
β
knockdown by using small interfering RNA. Human coronary arteriolar reactivity in response to the selective SK activator NS309 was measured by vessel myography in the presence of NADH and PKC
β
inhibitor LY333531. NADH (30–300 μmol/L) or PKC activator phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (30–300 nmol/L) reduced endothelial SK current density, whereas the selective PKC
ᵦ
inhibitor LY333531 significantly reversed the NADH‐induced SK channel inhibition. PKC
β
small interfering RNA, but not PKC
α
small interfering RNA, significantly prevented the NADH‐ and phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate–induced SK inhibition. Incubation of human coronary artery endothelial cells with NADH significantly increased endothelial PKC activity and PKC
β
expression and activation. Treating vessels with NADH decreased coronary arteriolar relaxation in response to the selective SK activator NS309, and this inhibitive effect was blocked by coadministration with PKC
β
inhibitor LY333531.

Conclusions

NADH‐induced inhibition of endothelial SK channel function is mediated via PKC
β
. These findings may provide insight into novel therapeutic strategies to preserve coronary microvascular function in patients with metabolic syndrome and coronary disease.
Aspirin and Cardiovascular Risk in Individuals With Elevated Lipoprotein(a): The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Bhatia Harpreet S. , Trainor Patrick , Carlisle Samantha , Tsai Michael Y. , Criqui Michael H. , DeFilippis Andrew , Tsimikas Sotirios 
Published: January 2024

Background
Effective therapies for reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in people with elevated lipoprotein(a) are lacking, especially for primary prevention. Because of the potential association of lipoprotein(a) with thrombosis, we evaluated the relationship between aspirin use and CVD events in people with elevated lipoprotein(a).

Methods and Results

We used data from the MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), a prospective cohort study of individuals free of baseline cardiovascular disease. Due to potential confounding by indication, we matched aspirin users to nonusers using a propensity score based on CVD risk factors. We then evaluated the association between aspirin use and coronary heart disease (CHD) events (CHD death, nonfatal myocardial infarction) stratified by baseline lipoprotein(a) level (threshold of 50 mg/dL) using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for CVD risk factors. After propensity matching, the study cohort included 2183 participants, including 1234 (57%) with baseline aspirin use and 423 (19%) with lipoprotein(a) >50 mg/dL. Participants with lipoprotein(a) >50 mg/dL had a higher burden of CVD risk factors, more frequent aspirin use (61.7% versus 55.3%,
P
=0.02), and higher rate of incident CHD events (13.7% versus 8.9%,
P
<0.01). Aspirin was associated with a significant reduction in CHD events among those with elevated lipoprotein(a) (hazard ratio, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.32–0.94];
P
=0.03). Those with lipoprotein(a) >50 mg/dL and aspirin use had similar CHD risk as those with lipoprotein(a) ≤50 mg/dL regardless of aspirin use.

Conclusions
Aspirin use was associated with a significantly lower risk for CHD events in participants with lipoprotein(a) >50 mg/dL without baseline CVD. The results of this observational propensity‐matched study require confirmation in studies with randomization of aspirin use.
Das Amt des Jerusalemer Hohepriesters im Licht biblischer und außerbiblischer Quellen der hellenistischen Zeit
Authors: Schulz Sarah 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article focuses on the Hellenistic period as a transformative phase in the development of the Jerusalem high priestly office from a merely cultic into a political leadership office and thus as a formative phase for the establishment of hierocratic ideals and structures in emerging Judaism. An overview of the literary history of Zech 3:1–9 and Zech 6:9–14 is the starting point. The ideas of the high priest’s office contained in these passages are then historically contextualised. This is done, firstly, by comparing texts from the Book of Sirach, which show close parallels to Zech 3 and Zech 6, especially Sir 50. Additionally, apocryphal and extra-biblical sources are consulted which shed light on the political situation of the Jerusalem high priestly office around the time the texts were composed, at the beginning of the Seleucid period: namely the Tobiad romance (Ant. 12:158–236) and 2 Macc 3.
A Whirling Tempest
Authors: Hildebrandt Samuel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In comparison to research on the Psalms, Isaiah, and other prophetic books, the mythic portrayal of YHWH’s combat of chaotic opposition has received little attention in the study of Jeremiah. By drawing up a holistic profile of Jeremiah’s Chaoskampf, my article demonstrates that this theme is more central to this prophetic book than the scholarly landscape might suggest. Divine mastery of various manifestations of chaos plays a key role in how the book presents YHWH’s work in creation (past), YHWH’s judgment on Israel (present), and YHWH’s defeat of Israel’s enemies and the people’s restoration (future). In conversation with myth and trauma theory, I will argue that the tension between YHWH’s unleashing and quenching of chaotic forces is rooted in the flexible character of the combat myth and that it contributes to the book’s efforts of explaining the crisis of 587 BCE.
Modulated Trends in Arctic Surface Air Temperature Extremes as a Fingerprint of Climate Change
Authors: Polyakov Igor V. , Ballinger Thomas J. , Lader Rick , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Strengthened by polar amplification, Arctic warming provides direct evidence for global climate change. This analysis shows how Arctic surface air temperature (SAT) extremes have changed throughout time. Using ERA5, we demonstrate a pan-Arctic (>60°N) significant upward SAT trend of +0.62°C decade−1 since 1979. Due to this warming, the warmest days of each month in the 1980s to 1990s would be considered average today, while the present coldest days would be regarded as normal in the 1980s to 1990s. Over 1979–2021, there was a 2°C (or 7%) reduction of pan-Arctic SAT seasonal cycle, which resulted in warming of the cold SAT extremes by a factor of 2 relative to the SAT trend and dampened trends of the warm SAT extremes by roughly 25%. Since 1979, autumn has seen the strongest increasing trends in daily maximum and minimum temperatures, as well as counts of days with SAT above the 90th percentile and decreasing trends in counts of days with SAT below the 10th percentile, consistent with rapid Arctic sea ice decline and enhanced air–ocean heat fluxes. The modulated SAT seasonal signal has a significant impact on the timing of extremely strong monthly cold and warm spells. The dampening of the SAT seasonal fluctuations is likely to continue to increase as more sea ice melts and upper-ocean warming persists. As a result, the Arctic winter cold SAT extremes may continue to exhibit a faster rate of change than that of the summer warm SAT extremes as the Arctic continues to warm.

Significance Statement
As a result of global warming, the Arctic Ocean’s sea ice is receding, exposing more and more areas to air–sea interactions. This reduces the range of seasonal changes in Arctic surface air temperatures (SAT). Since 1979, the reduced seasonal SAT signal has decreased the trend of warm SAT extremes by 25% over the background warming trend and doubled the trend of cold SAT extremes relative to SAT trends. A substantial number of warm and cold spells would not have been identified as exceptional if the reduction of the Arctic SAT seasonal amplitudes had not been taken into account. As the Arctic continues to warm and sea ice continues to diminish, seasonal SAT fluctuations will become more dampened, with the rate of decreasing winter SAT extremes exceeding the rate of increasing summer SAT extremes.
Deep-Cycle Turbulence in the Upper Pacific Equatorial Ocean: Characterization by LES and Heat Flux Parameterization
Authors: Pham Hieu T. , Sarkar Sutanu , Smyth William D. , Moum James N. , Warner Sally J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Observations in the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrents (EUC) show that the nighttime deep-cycle turbulence (DCT) in the marginal-instability (MI) layer of the EUC exhibits seasonal variability that can modulate heat transport and sea surface temperature. Large-eddy simulations (LES), spanning a wide range of control parameters, are performed to identify the key processes that influence the turbulent heat flux at multiple time scales ranging from turbulent (minutes to hours) to daily to seasonal. The control parameters include wind stress, convective surface heat flux, shear magnitude, and thickness of the MI layer. In the LES, DCT occurs in discrete bursts during the night, exhibits high temporal variability within a burst, and modulates the mixed layer depth. At the daily time scale, turbulent heat flux generally increases with increasing wind stress, MI-layer shear, or nighttime convection. Convection is found to be important to mixing under weak wind, weak shear conditions. A parameterization for the daily averaged turbulent heat flux is developed from the LES suite to infer the variability of heat flux at the seasonal time scale. The LES-based parameterized heat flux, which takes into account the effects of all control parameters, exhibits a seasonal variability that is similar to the observed heat flux from the χ-pods.
The Fibrosis-5 Index Predicts Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Chen Senjiang , Zhu Bouwei , Luo Zan , Wang Yinchao , Hu Qingqing , Zhou Liang 
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the fibrosis-5 (FIB-5) index as a marker of liver fibrosis for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 406 STEMI patients were enrolled in the study. Over an average follow-up of 27 months, 143 of the patients developed MACE. The patients were subgrouped into tertiles based on the FIB-5 index and Kaplan–Meier survival (MACE-free) curves were plotted, showing statistically significant differences (log-rank test, P < .001). In the adjusted Cox regression model, the hazard ratio (HR) of MACE was 1.95 (95% CI 1.21–3.13; P = .006) in tertile 3 and 0.98 (95% CI 0.97–1.00; P = .013) for per unit increase in the FIB-5 index. The area under the curve (AUC) of the FIB-5 index predicting the occurrence of MACE in STEMI patients after PCI was 0.645 (95% CI 0.590–0.701; P < .001). Low FIB-5 may be a useful predictor of MACE in STEMI patients undergoing PCI.
Myopia: Its Status and Environmental Correlations Among School Students in Fushun, China
Authors: Huo Ming-Zhu , Liu Jia-Xin , Shao Hong-Ning , Li Wen-Hui 
Published: January 2024

Our objective was to investigate the status and influence of myopia among primary school students in Fushun, Liaoning Province, China. We aimed to provide a theoretical and epistemological basis for implementing myopia prevention initiatives. We employed cluster sampling and surveyed 5216 primary school students from grades 1–6 across eight primary schools in Fushun City. Our participants included 2606 males and 2610 females whose average age was 9.25 ( SD = 1.76) years. The rate of myopia among these primary school students was 29.54%, with statistically significant differences among students of different genders and grades. Logistic regression analysis further identified several possible protective factors, including appropriate reading distance, adequate home lighting, regular breaks between classes, conscientious eye exercises, and daily outdoor physical activity. Conversely, the associated risk factors were being female, being in a higher grade level, spending more than 4 hours on homework, occasionally reading while lying down, and having one or both parents with myopia. Overall, our results indicated a high incidence of myopia, highlighting the need for scientifically controlled interventions to manage and mitigate the occurrence and progression of myopia in this population.
Description of Nomophobia Among College Students: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Ranjan Rajeev , Balhara Yatan Pal Singh , Mishra Biswa Ranjan , Sarkar Siddharth , Bharti Ayushi , Sinha Muskan , Ahmad Shamshad , Kumar Pankaj , Jain Meha , Panigrahi Sahadeb 
Published: January 2024

Background: Nomophobia is a situational phobia evoked by unavailability of smart phone or the thought of the possibility of not having it, not being able to use it and losing it. Currently used instruments for assessment of severity of nomophobia offers challenges of administration and have limited applicability in the Indian setting. Therefore, this study was aimed to depict and understand the lived experience of college students with nomophobia and making sense of it. Methods: This interpretative phenomenological analysis research design study was carried out on 17 undergraduate students belonging to different academic streams including Science, Social science and Commerce from the three study sites situated in different locations of India. An in-depth interview guide was prepared. The students who scored more than 90 on nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q Questionnaire) were included in the study. The data was recorded in audio and video format, it was transcribed, and translated from Hindi to English language. Coding was done and the theme were extracted. Results: The findings identified six superordinate themes: Digital Obsession, Digital Compulsion, Approval Motivation, Digital Intensement, Digital Well-being and Insight. Conclusion: The lived experiences of the students with nomophobia had explicitly shown a strong inclination towards the smartphone. They also focused on some of the significant aids provided by the smartphone. Further the intensive use of the smartphone was posing major challenges to the students when they were away from it.