bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single and repeated immobilization stress differentially trigger induction and phosphorylation of several transcription factors and mitogen‐activated protein kinases in the rat locus coeruleus
Authors: Hebert Meleik A. , Serova Lidia I. , Sabban Esther L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe locus coeruleus (LC) is a critical stress‐responsive location that mediates many of the responses to stress. We used immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry to investigate changes in induction and phosphorylation of several transcription factors and kinases in the LC that may mediate the stress‐triggered induction of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) transcription. Rats were exposed to single or repeated immobilization stress (IMO) for brief (5 min), intermediate (30 min) or sustained (2 h) duration. Single IMO elicited rapid induction of c‐Fos and phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) without changing the expression of early growth response (Egr)1, Fos‐related antigen (Fra)‐2 or phosphorylated activating transcription factor‐2. Repeated IMO triggered increased phosphorylation and levels of CREB along with transient induction of c‐Fos and increased Fra‐2 expression. Several mitogen‐activated protein kinases were activated by repeated IMO, shown by increased phosphorylation of p38, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)1/2/3 and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK1/2). ERK1 was the major isoform expressed, and ERK2 the predominant isoform phosphorylated. Repeated IMO elicited hyperphosphorylation of ERK1/2 selectively in TH immunoreactive neurons, with substantial nuclear localization. These distinct alterations in transcriptional pathways following repeated compared with single stress may be involved in mediating long‐lasting neuronal remodeling and are implicated in the mechanisms by which acute beneficial responses to stress are converted into prolonged adaptive or maladaptive responses.
Isolation of 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria brassicicola
Authors: AVENOT HERVÉ , DONGO ANITA , BATAILLÉ‐SIMONEAU NELLY , IACOMI‐ VASILESCU BÉATRICE , HAMON BRUNO , PELTIER DIDIER , SIMONEAU PHILIPPE 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTwelve polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria brassicicola, the causal agent of black spot of crucifers. An enrichment protocol was used to isolate microsatellite loci, which were then analysed in a collection of 46 isolates sampled from seven different countries. The number of alleles detected in 12 loci ranged from two to 10 (mean 3.5). Investigation of cross‐species amplifications showed that the designed primers were specific to A. brassicicola.
An Early Palaeozoic HP/HT granulite–garnet peridotite association in the south Altyn Tagh, NW China:P–Thistory and U‐Pb geochronology
Authors: ZHANG J. X. , MATTINSON C. G. , MENG F. C. , WAN Y. S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHigh‐pressure kyanite‐bearing felsic granulites in the Bashiwake area of the south Altyn Tagh (SAT) subduction–collision complex enclose mafic granulites and garnet peridotite‐hosted sapphirine‐bearing metabasites. The predominant felsic granulites are garnet + quartz + ternary feldspar (now perthite) rocks containing kyanite, plagioclase, biotite, rutile, spinel, corundum, and minor zircon and apatite. The quartz‐bearing mafic granulites contain a peak pressure assemblage of garnet + clinopyroxene + ternary feldspar (now mesoperthite) + quartz + rutile. The sapphirine‐bearing metabasites occur as mafic layers in garnet peridotite. Petrographical data suggest a peak assemblage of garnet + clinopyroxene + kyanite + rutile. Early kyanite is inferred from a symplectite of sapphirine + corundum + plagioclase ± spinel, interpreted to have formed during decompression. Garnet peridotite contains an assemblage of garnet + olivine + orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene. Thermobarometry indicates that all rock types experienced peakP–Tconditions of 18.5–27.3 kbar and 870–1050 °C. A medium–high pressure granulite facies overprint (780–820 °C, 9.5–12 kbar) is defined by the formation of secondary clinopyroxene ± orthopyroxene + plagioclase at the expense of garnet and early clinopyroxene in the mafic granulites, as well as by growth of spinel and plagioclase at the expense of garnet and kyanite in the felsic granulite. SHRIMP II zircon U‐Pb geochronology yields ages of 493 ± 7 Ma (mean of 11) from the felsic granulite, 497 ± 11 Ma (mean of 11) from sapphirine‐bearing metabasite and 501 ± 16 Ma (mean of 10) from garnet peridotite. Rounded zircon morphology, cathodoluminescence (CL) sector zoning, and inclusions of peak metamorphic minerals indicate these ages reflect HP/HT metamorphism. Similar ages determined for eclogites from the western segment of the SAT suggest that the same continental subduction/collision event may be responsible for HP metamorphism in both areas.
A counter‐clockwise P–T path for the Voltri Massif eclogites (Ligurian Alps, Italy)
Authors: VIGNAROLI G. , ROSSETTI F. , BOUYBAOUENE M. , MASSONNE H.‐J. , THEYE T. , FACCENNA C. , FUNICIELLO R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIntegrated petrological and structural investigations of eclogites from the eclogite zone of the Voltri Massif (Ligurian Alps) have been used to reconstruct a complete Alpine P–T deformation path from burial by subduction to subsequent exhumation. The early metamorphic evolution of the eclogites has been unravelled by correlating garnet zonation trends with the chemical variations in inclusions found in the different garnet domains. Garnet in massive eclogites displays typical growth zoning, whereas garnet in foliated eclogites shows rim‐ward resorption, likely related to re‐equilibration during retrogressive evolution. Garnet inclusions are distinctly different from core to rim, consisting primarily of Ca‐, Na/Ca‐amphibole, epidote, paragonite and talc in garnet cores and of clinopyroxene ± talc in the outer garnet domains. Quantitative thermobarometry on the inclusion assemblages in the garnet cores defines an initial greenschist‐to‐amphibolite facies metamorphic stage (M1 stage) at c. 450–500 °C and 5–8 kbar. Coexistence of omphacite + talc + katophorite inclusion assemblage in the outer garnet domains indicate c. 550 °C and 20 kbar, conditions which were considered as minimum P–T estimates for the M2 eclogitic stage. The early phase of retrograde reactions is polyphase and equilibrated under epidote–blueschist facies (M3 stage), characterized by the development of composite reaction textures (garnet necklaces and fluid‐assisted Na‐amphibole‐bearing symplectites) produced at the expense of the primary M2 garnet‐clinopyroxene assemblage. The blueschist retrogression is contemporaneous with the development of a penetrative deformation (D3) that resulted in a non‐coaxial fabric, with dominant top‐to‐the‐N sense of shear during rock exhumation. All of that is overprinted by a texturally late amphibolite/greenschist facies assemblages (M4 & M5 stages), which are not associated with a penetrative structural fabric. The combined P–T deformation data are consistent with an overall counter‐clockwise path, from the greenschist/amphibolite, through the eclogite, the blueschist to the greenschist facies. These new results provide insights into the dynamic evolution of the Tertiary oceanic subduction processes leading to the building up of the Alpine orogen and the mechanisms involved in the exhumation of its high‐pressure roots.
Roles for fluid and/or melt advection in forming high‐P mafic migmatites, Fiordland, New Zealand
Authors: CLARKE G. L. , DACZKO N. R. , KLEPEIS K. A. , RUSHMER T. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA series of striking migmatitic structures occur in rectilinear networks through western Fiordland, New Zealand, involving, for the most part, narrow anorthositic dykes that cut hornblende‐bearing orthogneiss. Adjacent to the dykes, host rocks show patchy, spatially restricted recrystallization and dehydration on a decimetre‐scale to garnet granulite. Although there is general agreement that the migration of silicate melt has formed at least parts of the structures, there is disagreement on the role of silicate melt in dehydrating the host rock. A variety of causal processes have been inferred, including metasomatism due to the ingress of a carbonic, mantle‐derived fluid; hornblende‐breakdown leading to water release and limited partial melting of host rocks; and dehydration induced by volatile scavenging by a migrating silicate melt. Variability in dyke assemblage, together with the correlation between dehydration structures and host rock silica content, are inconsistent with macroscopic metasomatism, and best match open system behaviour involving volatile scavenging by a migrating trondhjemitic liquid.
An in situ metatexite–diatexite transition in upper amphibolite facies rocks from Broken Hill, Australia
Authors: WHITE R. W. , POMROY N. E. , POWELL R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractUpper amphibolite facies felsic gneiss from Broken Hill records the metatexite to schlieren diatexite to massive diatexite transition in a single rock type over a scale of tens to hundreds of metres. The metatexites are characterized by centimetre‐scale segregation of melt into leucosomes to form stromatic migmatite. The schlieren diatexites are characterized by the disaggregation of the rocks and the development of schlieren migmatite. The massive diatexites represent a higher degree of disaggregation, lack schlieren and contain plagioclase and K‐feldspar phenocrysts. The transition from metatexite to schlieren diatexite and massive diatexite was heterogeneous with both disaggregation of the rock on a grain scale and disaggregation of the rock into centimetre‐ to metre‐scale rafts. As melt contents increased, the proportion of material disaggregated on a grain scale increased. The high proportion of melt needed to form diatexites at upper amphibolite facies conditions was the result of an influx of hydrous fluid at temperatures just above the solidus of the diatexites. Nearby metapelitic rocks, with a slightly higher solidus temperature, undergoing subsolidus muscovite breakdown are the likely source of the fluid. Continued heating during and after the influx of fluid led to melt contents of up to c. 60 mol.% in the massive diatexite. The metatexite zone probably involved little added fluid. Continued deformation during cooling and melt crystallization resulted in the extensive development of schlieren and late‐stage melt segregations and melt‐rich shear bands in the schlieren diatexite zone. The rocks of the massive diatexite zone lack these late‐stage segregations, consistent with the cessation of D2 deformation prior to them developing a crystal framework.
Extraordinary Longevity: Individual and Societal Issues
Authors: Louria Donald B. 
Published: August 2005

The likelihood of substantial increases in average life spans and the potential for profound longevity increases (to 100, 110, or 120 years on average) raises a host of societal issues. These include huge increases in the number of old and very old persons, the likelihood of a massive increase in health expenditures for the population aged 65 and older, the potential for outliving financial resources, challenges to the viability of Social Security and pensions, concerns about quality of life, and possible intergenerational antagonisms. If marked increases occur in average life spans worldwide, several billions could be added to world population at eventual stability, and that could become a sustainability issue.To prepare for what is likely to be our demographic future requires a major shift in thinking about this type of complex issue; we must change from a simple linear to a much broader systems approach. Changes in retirement age, strengthening (but then replacing) the Social Security system, retaining older persons in the labor force, mandating retirement savings during working years, and many other actions must be considered in a debate that should start now about life span increase and the future; if we dawdle, we risk the consequences of being unprepared for the dramatic demographic changes that are likely to occur in the coming decades.
Inhibitory effects of a super pulsed carbon dioxide laser at low energy density on periodontopathic bacteria and lipopolysaccharide in vitro
Authors: Kojima Taro , Shimada Koichi , Iwasaki Hiroyasu , Ito Koichi 
Published: August 2005

Objective and background:  Previous studies have described the effect of irradiation by a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser at high energy density on oral bacteria, and various side‐effects have also been observed. However, no published studies have examined the effect of irradiation by a CO2 laser at low energy density on oral bacteria. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of super pulsed CO2 laser irradiation on periodontopathic bacteria and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods:  Bacterial suspensions of two species of periodontopathic bacteria received laser irradiation at energy densities of 0–12.5 J/cm2. The suspensions were then spread over agar plates and incubated anaerobically. The bactericidal effects were evaluated based on colony formation. Samples of LPS were laser‐irradiated at energy densities of 0–12.5 J/cm2. The biological activity was measured, and LPS was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE).Results:  The irradiation at low energy densities of 7.5 and 12.5 J/cm2 killed more than 99.9 and 99.999% of Porphyromonas gingivalis and more than 99% of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was sterilized by the irradiation at 7.5 J/cm2. LPS biological activity was significantly decreased by laser irradiation at energy densities of more than 7.5 J/cm2 (p < 0.05), and the components of LPS analyzed by SDS–PAGE was diminished non‐specifically.Conclusion:  The results indicate that CO2 laser irradiation at low power is capable of bactericidal effect on periodontopathic bacteria and decreasing LPS activity.
Immunohistochemical evaluation of intermediate filament proteins in squamous papilloma and oral verrucous carcinoma
Authors: Oliveira MC , Silveira EJD , Godoy GP , Amorim RFB , Costa ALL , Queiroz LMG 
Published: August 2005

Objective:  Cytokeratins (CKs) are the intermediate filament proteins of the epithelium cells, which have become important markers of normal and abnormal cell differentiation. The goal of the present study was to investigate the expression pattern of CK 10, 13, 14 and 16 in oral verrucous carcinoma (OVC) and oral squamous papilloma (OSP).Material and methods:  Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded sections from eight cases of each lesion were assessed. Immunohistochemistry was carried out using streptoavidin‐biotin complex method.Results:  In OVC, CK 10 was expressed in suprabasal to superficial layers whereas in OSP mainly in superficial layer. CK 13 was detected in prickle and superficial cells in most cases of OVC and in suprabasal to superficial cells of OSP. All the cell layers of OVC reacted positively for CK 14 while basal and suprabasal layers of OSP were more pronounced for CK 14. Finally, CK 16 was observed in suprabasal to superficial layer in OVC and the majority cases in OSP showed only superficial reactive cells.Conclusions:  CK 10, 13, 14 and 16 immunohistochemical profile emphasis the biological behavior of the studied lesions and confirm the use of these proteins as markers of differentiation.
Oral health in patients on inhaled corticosteroid treatment
Authors: Komerik N , Akkaya A , Yıldız M , Buyukkaplan US , Kuru L 
Published: August 2005

Objective:  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long‐term inhaled corticosteroids on bone mineral density (BMD) of the mandible in relation with the tooth loss.Design:  Cross sectional analytic study.Subjects and methods:  Patients (n = 30) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under inhaled corticosteroid therapy for at least 1 year were compared with sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls (n = 30). BMD of the mandible was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. The clinical examination included recording the number of teeth present together with periodontal condition. Levels of serum osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus and cortisol were also assessed.Results:  BMD of the mandible in patients on corticosteroid treatment was significantly lower than that in the control group (P = 0.001). Patients under treatment had more missing teeth than the control group but the difference did not reach statistical significance. The two groups exhibited similar clinical parameters of periodontal condition. Significantly lower levels of osteocalcin (P < 0.0001), calcium (P = 0.004) and cortisol (P = 0.03) were observed in the patients on corticosteroid treatment.Conclusion:  Long‐term use of inhaled corticosteroids may impair bone metabolism and lead to a marked decrease in the mandibular BMD.
Fluconazole and/or hexetidine for management of oral candidiasis associated with denture‐induced stomatitis
Authors: Koray M , Ak G , Kurklu E , Issever H , Tanyeri H , Kulekci G , Guc U 
Published: August 2005

Objective:  The aim of the present study was to compare the influence of fluconazole capsules and/or hexetidine mouthrinses for the management of oral candidiasis associated with denture stomatitis.Design relevant:  Sixty‐one patients (ages 43–76 years, mean: 61) admitted to the Department of Oral Surgery and Medicine and diagnosed as suffering from oral candidiasis associated with denture stomatitis by microbiological examination were involved.Materials and methods:  Patients in group 1 (n = 21) were given only fluconazole capsules (Zolax 50 mg once a day), those in group 2 (n = 18) were given only hexetidine mouthrinses (Heksoral 0.1%, twice daily), whereas those in group 3 (n = 22) were given both fluconazole capsules and hexetidine mouthrinses for 14 days. The yeast colonies of the saliva samples were counted and calculated as the number of colony forming units per milliliter. The presence of yeasts in the lesion and denture samples were evaluated as present/absent according to their growth on cultures. Candida albicans was identified by means of germ tube analysis.Results:  Patients in groups 1, 2 and 3 had a statistically significant decrease in the amount of C. albicans in saliva, lesions and dentures after treatment, when compared with pretreatment results (P < 0.05). Candida albicans counts in saliva, lesion and denture after treatment detected no statistically significant difference when the three groups were compared.Conclusion:  Of the three study groups, group 2, where hexetidine was the only medication prescribed, was found to be superior on account of fewer potential complications. We conclude that dentists should employ a more conservative intervention with oral mouthrinses rather than risk adverse effects and complications of systemic drugs for the management of oral candidiasis.
Clinicostatistical study of carotid calcification on panoramic radiographs
Authors: Tamura T , Inui M , Nakase M , Nakamura S , Okumura K , Tagawa T 
Published: August 2005

Objective:  The purpose was to evaluate carotid calcifications on panoramic radiographs, and relate to risk factors for vascular diseases.Method:  Between 1997 and 2001, 2568 radiographs were retrospectively collected from new patients at Mie University Hospital whose ages ranged from 50 to 70 years. The mean age of the subjects was 62.2 years (men 61.9 years, women 62.3 years). Medical and social data were collected from case notes, and body weight, height, and age of menopause confirmed by telephone interviews.Result:  About 106 carotid calcifications were found on the panoramic radiographs of 26 males and 80 females. The ratio of males to females was 1:3.07. The subjects with carotid calcifications had medical histories that included hypertension (27.6%), obesity (21.1%), hyperlipidemia (14.5%), and cardiovascular diseases (13.2%), all with recognized risk factors for atheromas. Of 76 patients who responded to follow up interviews, two (2.63%) died from cardiovascular stroke during an average follow up of 2.43 years.Conclusions:  The results show carotid calcifications detected on panoramic radiographs can be used to help predict vascular strokes in patients. In cases where calcified carotid artery atheromas are detected, the dentist or oral and maxillofacial surgeon should refer the patient to a specialized physician.
Willingness of dentists in Jordan to treat HIV‐infected patients
Authors: El‐Maaytah M , Al Kayed A , Al Qudah M , Al Ahmad H , Al‐Dabbagh K , Jerjes W , Al Khawalde M , Abu Hammad O , Dar Odeh N , El‐Maaytah K , Al Shmailan Y , Porter S , Scully C 
Published: August 2005

Reluctance of dentists to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients represents a major concern. Many efforts have been extended towards the documentation of the extent of this reluctance and speculation of factors that influence it.Objectives:  Assess the willingness of dentists in Jordan to treat HIV‐infected patients.Materials and methods:  Two hundred and forty‐two general dental practices were surveyed for their willingness to provide treatment of toothache and routine dental care of an HIV‐infected individual.Results:  Only 15% of the dental practices were willing to provide such care. Willingness to provide treatment did not seem to be influenced by financial factors or the local prevalence of HIV disease.Conclusion:  Present data suggest that HIV‐infected individuals will have difficulty in obtaining dental health care in Jordan.
WHAT YOUR NEXT EXPERIMENT'S DATA WILL LOOK LIKE: EVENT STORES IN THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER ERA
Authors: MALON DAVID 
Published: August 2005

Each new generation of collider experiments confronts the challenge of delivering an event store having at least the performance and functionality of current-generation stores, in the presence of an order of magnitude more data and new computing paradigms (object orientation just a few years ago; grid and service-based computing today). The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, for example, will produce 1.6-megabyte events at 200 Hz–an annual raw data volume of 3.2 petabytes. With derived and simulated data, the total volume may approach 10 petabytes per year. Scale, however, is not the only challenge. In the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments, the preponderance of computing power will come from outside the host laboratory. More significantly, no single site will host a complete copy of the event store–data will be distributed, not simply replicated for convenience, and many physics analyses will routinely require distributed (grid) computing. This paper uses the emerging ATLAS computing model to provide a glimpse of how next-generation event stores are taking shape, touching on key issues in navigation, distribution, scale, coherence, data models and representation, metadata infrastructure, and the role(s) of databases in event store management.