bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oligosaccharide sequences in Quillaja saponins by electrospray ionization ion trap multiple‐stage mass spectrometry
Authors: Broberg Susanna , Nord Lars I. , Kenne Lennart 
Published: June 2004

AbstractTen different samples with 13 previously identified saponin structures from Quillaja saponaria Molina were investigated by electrospray ionization ion trap multiple‐stage mass spectrometry (ESI‐ITMSn) in positive and negative ion modes. Both positive and negative ion mode MS1–MS4 spectra were analyzed, showing that structural information on the two oligosaccharide parts in the saponin can be obtained from positive ion mode spectra whereas negative ion mode spectra mainly gave information on one of the oligosaccharide parts. Analysis of MS1–MS4 spectra identified useful key fragment ions important for the structural elucidation of Quillaja saponins. A flowchart involving a stepwise procedure based on key fragments from MS1–MS3 spectra was constructed for the identification of structural elements in the saponin. Peak intensity ratios in MS3 spectra were found to be correlated with structural features of the investigated saponins and are therefore of value for the identification of terminal monosaccharide residues. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of γ‐irradiation and thermal processing on the antigenicity of almond, cashew nut and walnut proteins
Authors: Su Mengna , Venkatachalam Mahesh , Teuber Suzanne S , Roux Kenneth H , Sathe Shridhar K 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWhole unprocessed almonds, cashew nuts and walnuts were each subjected to γ‐irradiation (1, 5, 10 and 25 kGy) followed by heat processing including autoclaving (121 °C, 15 psi for 15 and 30 min), dry roasting (138 and 160 °C for 30 min each, 168 and 177 °C for 12 min each), blanching (100 °C for 5 and 10 min), oil roasting (191 °C, 1 min) and microwave heating (500 W for 1 and 3 min). Rabbit polyclonal antibodies were raised against each major protein isolated from defatted, but not subjected to γ‐irradiation and/or any thermal processing, almond, cashew nut and walnut flours. Immunoreactivity of almond, cashew nut and walnut proteins soluble in borate saline buffer, normalised to 1 mg protein ml−1for all samples, was determined by inhibition enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. ELISAs and Western blotting experiments indicated that almond, cashew nut and walnut proteins exposed to γ‐irradiation alone or followed by various thermal treatments remained antigenically stable. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Hydrophilic Polymer Drug from a Derivative of Salicylic Acid: Synthesis, Controlled Release Studies and Biological Behavior
Authors: Rodríguez Gema , Gallardo Alberto , Fernández Mar , Rebuelta Mercedes , Buján Julia , Bellón Juan M , Honduvilla Natalio G , Escudero Cristina , San Román Julio 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSummary: Hydrophilic polymeric drugs bearing “Triflusal” (4‐trifluoromethylsalicylic acid), a drug widely used as antithrombogenic agent (Disgren®), have been prepared by free radical copolymerization of methacryloyloxyethyl [2‐(acetyloxy)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)] benzoate (HTRF) and N,N′‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA). The reactivity ratios of both monomers have been determined by 1H NMR spectra by applying non‐linear least square treatments to the copolymerization equation (terminal model), and the kinetic parameters obtained indicated that the microstructure of copolymer chains is homogeneous, with a random distribution of the active HTRF units along the copolymer chains. That means that for the copolymer system THDMA22 used in this work, HTRF units are mainly isolated in relatively long DMA sequences. Therefore, in this structure the intramolecular interactions between adjacent HTRF units are negligible. Release of Triflusal from THDMA22 has been studied in vitro using buffered solutions at pH = 2, 7.4 and 10 and 37 °C. The system showed an interesting pseudo‐zero order release profile at pH = 7.4 during several months. It has been also evaluated the pharmacological activity and the behavior of the system in contact with biological media. In this sense, we have carried out some in vitro studies about the antiaggregant properties and biocompatibility of THDMA22. Results demonstrate that this copolymer inhibits platelet aggregation in its macromolecular form and presents a good biocompatibility with Human Osteoblastic Cells (HOS).The Figure shows the drug release from THDMA22 at pH = 2 (⋄), 7.4 (□) and 10 (▵).magnified imageThe Figure shows the drug release from THDMA22 at pH = 2 (⋄), 7.4 (□) and 10 (▵).
Helical Polymer Carrying Helical Grafts from Peptide‐Based Acetylene Macromonomers: Synthesis
Authors: Sanda Fumio , Gao Guangzheng , Masuda Toshio 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSummary: N‐Propargylamide‐terminated peptide‐based macromonomers with a degree of polymerization ranging from 4 to 40 were synthesized by the polymerization of γ‐benzyl and γ‐stearyl‐L‐glutamate‐N‐carboxy anhydrides initiated with propargylamine. The macromonomers took an α‐helical structure, which was confirmed by signals at 208 and 220 nm in CD spectra. The macromonomers were subjected to polymerization and copolymerization with an alanine‐derived N‐propargylamide [N‐(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)‐L‐alanine‐N′‐propargylamide] catalyzed with (2,5‐norbornadiene)Rh+[η6‐C6H5B−(C6H5)3]. It was confirmed through a CD spectroscopic study that the copolymer obtained from the copolymerization of the γ‐stearyl‐L‐glutamate‐based macromonomer with the alanine‐derived N‐propargylamide had a helical polyacetylene main chain and helical polypeptide side chains.
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Synthesis of AB Diblock Copolymers by Atom‐Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) and Living Polymerization of α‐Amino Acid‐N‐Carboxyanhydrides
Authors: Brzezinska Krystyna R. , Deming Timothy J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSummary: The synthesis of poly(methyl acrylate)‐block‐poly(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate) (PMA‐b‐PBLG) diblock copolymers, using atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl acrylate and living polymerization of γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate‐N‐carboxyanhydride (Glu‐NCA) is described. Amido‐amidate nickelacycle end groups were incorporated onto amino‐terminated poly(methyl acrylates), and the resulting complexes were successfully used as macroinitiators for the growth of polypeptide segments. This method allows the controlled preparation of polypeptide‐block‐poly(methyl acrylate) diblock architectures with control over polypeptide chain length and without the formation of homopolypeptide contaminants.
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Applying evolutionary psychology in understanding the representation of women in advertisements
Authors: Saad Gad 
Published: June 2004

AbstractOne of the most ubiquitous creative copy decisions in advertising is to use young attractive women in decorative roles. Contrary to the mantra chanted by some staunch feminists, advertisers are not involved in a patriarchal white‐male‐dominated conspiracy to derogate, exploit, subjugate, and dominate women. Advertisers are concerned with providing messages that are maximally effective to their relevant target audience. Accordingly, they are well aware that in certain situations the use of decorative female models will appeal to a particular group of their constituency. Using evolutionary psychology as the explicative framework, it is argued that the greater use of young and attractive women in decorative roles in advertising is steeped in the differential mating strategies of the two sexes. An analysis of several content‐analytic studies demonstrates that the more frequent use of women as young and attractive decorative models is longitudinally stable and culturally invariant further attesting to the Darwinian roots of this phenomenon. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Safety of entacapone and apomorphine coadministration in levodopa‐treated Parkinson's disease patients: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic results of a multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study
Authors: Zijlmans Jan C.M. , Debilly Berengere , Rascol Olivier , Lees Andrew J. , Durif Franck 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe investigated whether administration of the catechol‐O‐methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor entacapone, at doses of 200 mg and 400 mg, alters the pharmacokinetics of apomorphine in Parkinson's disease patients experiencing severe motor fluctuations. In addition, the pharmacodynamics and safety of entacapone and apomorphine coadministration in these patients were examined. The study followed a three‐sequence, three‐period, crossover design. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three sequences that included single oral doses of entacapone 200 mg, entacapone 400 mg, and placebo in a predefined order. On 3 separate test days, study treatment was administered before apomorphine. The study evaluations (pharmacokinetics, tapping test, and dyskinesia evaluation [Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale ‐ AIMS]) were performed on these days. Furthermore, Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores were evaluated at baseline and study end. Pharmacokinetic parameters for apomorphine (Cmax, AUC, tmax, t1/2) were unchanged by the administration of entacapone, and changes in both the tapping test and AIMS score were similar with all treatments (entacapone 200 mg, entacapone 400 mg, and placebo). There was no significant difference in mean total UPDRS scores between baseline and study end. The administration of entacapone did not change the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic effects of apomorphine in these patients or prolong the clinical effect of apomorphine. Thus, apomorphine may be safely administered to patients receiving therapy with levodopa and entacapone, providing a useful addition to treatment for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Impairment of individual finger movements in patients with hand dystonia
Authors: Currà Antonio , Agostino Rocco , Dinapoli Loredana , Bagnato Sergio , Manfredi Mario , Berardelli Alfredo 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe investigated finger movements in patients with hand dystonia to compare the kinematics of repetitive individual and non‐individual finger oppositions. We used an optoelectronic motion analysis system to record movements in 3‐D space, and recorded three 5‐second trials for each task, counting how many finger oppositions subjects carried out during each trial, and measured the duration and amplitude of flexions, extensions, and pauses. During tasks, normal subjects and patients carried out finger flexions faster than extensions, and invariably they paused longer before extension than before flexion. Patients were slower and paused longer than controls during both individual and non‐individual oppositions. During individual finger movements, patients were disproportionately slow during extension and pause before extension. Patients with hand dystonia perform finger movements abnormally; they are affected predominantly during individual oppositions. This finding reflects the finer cortical control needed to promote and sustain this highly fractionated type of motor output, and points toward underactivity of the primary motor cortex in dystonia. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Task‐specific dystonia in tabla players
Authors: Ragothaman Mona , Sarangmath Nagaraja , Jayaram Sachi , Swaminath Pazhayannur V. , Muthane Uday 
Published: June 2004

AbstractTask‐specific dystonia significantly impairs the performance of approximately 8% of musicians [Lederman RJ. Muscle Nerve 2003;27:549–561]. We describe hand dystonia in two professional musicians experienced while playing tabla, a percussion instrument. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Ten‐Hertz stimulation of subthalamic nucleus deteriorates motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Timmermann Lars , Wojtecki Lars , Gross Joachim , Lehrke Ralph , Voges Jürgen , Maarouf Mohammed , Treuer Harald , Sturm Volker , Schnitzler Alfons 
Published: June 2004

AbstractRecently, a pathological oscillatory network at 10 Hz including several motor areas was described in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). In 7 PD patients, we tested the clinical effect of subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation at varying frequencies 1 to 3 years after implantation of electrodes. STN stimulation at 10 Hz induced significant worsening of motor symptoms, especially akinesia, compared with no stimulation and therapeutic stimulation (≥130 Hz). This finding indicates the clinical relevance of pathological 10 Hz synchronization in PD. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
An integration by parts formula in submanifolds of positive codimension
Authors: Mitrea Marius , Muether Mathew 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe prove a general integration by parts formula for first‐order differential operators on submanifolds of arbitrary codimension of a given Riemannian manifold. The differential operators in question are assumed to satisfy a suitable tangentiality condition. Several particular cases, particularly relevant to applications to PDE arising in mathematical physics are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of complex permittivity of thin substrates using the TE01nresonant cavity
Authors: Chen Ming‐Yan , Yu Jian‐Ping , Xu De‐Ming 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAn improved TE01nresonant‐cavity method for measuring the complex permittivity of thin substrates is presented. The theory and the experimental results are described in this paper. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 274–277, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20276
CW‐LD pumped acousto‐optic Q‐switched Nd:YVO4 laser
Authors: Xiu‐Jiang Huang , Ming‐Zhong Li , Zhan Sui , Yong‐Zhi Liu , Yan‐Yong Wang , Yi‐Ming Luo , Hai‐Yan Chen 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA high‐power continuous‐wave (CW) laser‐diode (LD) pumped acousto‐optic Q‐switched Nd:YVO4 laser is presented. A short pulse at 1064 nm is obtained. With a repetition rate of 50 kHz, a maximum average output power of 5.72 W is achieved. The optical‐conversion efficiency and the slope efficiency are 28% and 32.4%, respectively. At the repetition rate of 10 kHz and the pulse width of 16.3 ns, the maximum single‐pulse energy of 286 μJ and the peak power of 13 kW are acquired. The laser can be used as a signal source for free‐space optical communication. The output signal agrees well with the modulate signal. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 281–283, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20278
A 3‐mW concurrent 2.4/5.2‐GHz dual‐band low‐noise amplifier for WLAN applications in 0.18‐μm CMOS technology
Authors: Lee Tai‐Hsing , Lin Yo‐Sheng 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA concurrent 2.4/5.2‐GHz dual‐band monolithic low‐noise amplifier implemented with a 0.18‐μm mixed‐signal CMOS technology is reported for the first time. This LNA only consumed 3‐mW power, and achieved minimum noise figures of 3.3 and 3.26 dB and 2.4 and 5.2 GHz, respectively. Input and output return losses more than 10 dB were obtained at both 2.4 and 5.2 GHz. In addition, IIP3 of 17 and 5 dBm were achieved at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz, respectively. No off‐chip components were required for input and output matching. To our knowledge, this LNA exhibits a state‐of‐the‐art performance. Due to the careful selection of the size of the transistors and the passive elements in our proposed method power matching and noise matching can be achieved simultaneously at the dual‐band of interest. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 287–292, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20280
Wideband cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna excited using an L‐strip feed
Authors: Menon Sreedevi K. , Lethakumary B. , Mohanan P. , Bijumon P. V. , Sebastian M. T. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA broadband cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) energized with an L‐strip feed is presented. The novel exciting technique achieves a 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of 18%. The variation of bandwidth for different feed parameters is also studied. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 293–294, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20281
Nonuniform meandered and fork‐type grounded antenna design
Authors: Hsu Cho‐Kang , Chiu Cheng‐Nan 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA novel kind of printed antenna, called nonuniform meandered and fork‐type grounded antenna (NMFGA), is proposed in this paper. The design of the NMFGA is simple, clear, and versatile: a nonuniform meandered patch (top patch) is designed to generate multiple and tunable resonant frequencies, while a fork‐type grounded patch (bottom patch) is designed to improve and enhance the bandwidth property. As a design example, an EGSM/DCS dual‐band antenna is presented. The measured and simulated reflection losses and measured radiation patterns are obtained and studied. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 297–299, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20284
Analysis of finite arrays of circumferentially oriented printed dipoles on electrically large cylinders
Authors: Ertürk V. B. , Güner Baris 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAn efficient and accurate hybrid method of moments (MoM)/Green's function technique in the spatial domain is developed for the rigorous analysis of large, finite phased arrays of circumferentially oriented printed dipoles on electrically large, dielectric‐coated, circular cylinders. Basic performance metrics (in the form of array current distribution, active reflection coefficient, far‐field patterns, and so forth) of several arrays have been obtained and compared with similar printed arrays on grounded planar substrates. Certain discrepancies have been observed and discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 299–304, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20285
Quasistatic TEM characteristics of multilayer elliptical and cylindrical coplanar waveguides
Authors: Akan Volkan , Yazgan Erdem 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSimple analytic CAD‐oriented expressions are presented for calculating the quasistatic TEM parameters of multilayer elliptical coplanar waveguides (ME CPWs) and multilayer cylindrical coplanar waveguides (MC CPWs) by using the conformal mapping method. It is shown that the derived expressions are accurate and very simple for use in related applications. Comparisons have also been made between the results of this paper and those available in the literature. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 317–322, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20290
Strain‐tuned dual‐wavelength erbium‐doped fiber laser
Authors: Xiong Lingyun , Sun Lei , Feng Xinhuan , Kai Guiyun , Liu Yange , Zhang Weigang , Yuan Shuzhong , Dong Xiaoyi 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA tunable dual‐wavelength Er‐doped fiber laser (EDFL) is proposed and demonstrated. By applying axial and lateral strain simultaneously on the fiber Bragg grating (FBG), the absolute wavelength and wavelength spacing of the Er‐doped fiber laser can be tuned continuously. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 323–324, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20291
Design model for broadside‐coupled suspended substrate stripline for microwave and millimeter‐wave applications
Authors: Kumar Raj 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSimple closed‐form expressions for the analysis of broadside coupled suspended substrate stripline is presented. The expressions are valid over a wide range of structural parameters and dielectric constants. The validity range of this expression for structural parameters is 1.0 ≤ εr ≤ 30.0 (dielectric constant), 0.2 ≤ W/b ≤ 10.0 (strip width), and d/b ≤ 0.5 (substrate thickness). The average accuracies of the present expressions are <0.8% and <0.6% for even‐ and odd‐mode impedances, respectively. The maximum deviation is ±1.25% and ±1.16% for even‐ and odd‐mode impedances with respect to the reference values. This closed‐form model is useful for the interactive CAD analysis of microwave and millimeter‐wave circuit. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 328–331, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20293
Author's reply to remarks on “A 2D TLM model for electromagnetic wave propagation in Tellegen media”
Authors: Cabeceira A. C. L. , Barba I. , Grande A. , Repressa J. 
Published: June 2004

Abstract© 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 345–346, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20299
Agenesis of the ductus venosus associated with direct umbilical venous return into the heart—case series and review of literature
Authors: Sau Ashis , Sharland Gurleen , Simpson John 
Published: June 2004

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of our study was to review our own experience and the available literature on the prenatal diagnosis of absent ductus venosus associated with direct insertion of the umbilical vein into the heart.MethodsA retrospective review of the database of a tertiary fetal cardiology centre. The literature was searched for cases with a prenatal diagnosis of such an umbilical venous anomaly.ResultsBetween January 2000 and June 2003, nine fetuses were diagnosed as having absence of the ductus venosus with the umbilical vein directly draining into the heart. This represents the largest reported clinical experience of this anomaly. We also report, to our knowledge, the first prenatal diagnosis of insertion of the umbilical vein into the left atrium. Combining our series with those found in the literature, a total of 35 cases were identified. Cardiomegaly was reported in 25 of the 35 cases (71%). Structural cardiac abnormalities and other extra‐cardiac anomalies were found in 13 of the 35 cases (37%). Hydrops was present or developed in 6 cases (17%). The outcome data were available for 33. The overall survival rate was 67% (22 of 33).ConclusionsCareful assessment of the ductus venosus and the umbilical vein should be a part of the evaluation of every fetus with unexplained cardiomegaly. All fetuses with abnormal connection of the umbilical vein should undergo a clinical and ultrasonographic assessment both in utero and after birth to exclude any cardiac and extra‐cardiac abnormalities. During the prenatal period, serial ultrasound examinations are indicated and delivery is considered when there is evidence of progressive cardiovascular compromise. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.