bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptotical expansion in non‐Lipschitzian domains – a numerical approach
Authors: Dimitrov A. , Schnack E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA general numerical procedure is presented for constructing the terms in asymptotical expansions near 3D corners in linear elasticity, without geometrical restrictions to Lipschitzian domains. The method is based on a weak formulation of the problem and a higher order Galerkin–Petrov approximation technique on the unit sphere. It results in a quadratic eigenvalue problem, which is solved iteratively by the Arnoldi method. An a posteriori error estimator as well as a suitable technique for adaptive mesh refinement is proposed for controlling the discretization error. Some benchmark tests show that this method is robust and very accurate. For illustrating the application to non‐Lipschitzian domains new results for the Neumann problem on a non‐Lipschitzian polyhedron are obtained for different geometrical parameters and materials. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maximum norm optimization of quasi‐isometric mappings
Authors: Garanzha V. A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA reliable method for maximum norm optimization of spatial mappings is suggested. It is applied to the problem of optimal flattening of surfaces and to precisely controlled surface morphing. Robustness and grid independence of the method are demonstrated on real‐life tests. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Steroid hormone receptor in pleural solitary fibrous tumours and CD34+ progenitor stromal cells
Authors: Bongiovanni Massimo , Viberti Laura , Pecchioni Carla , Papotti Mauro , Thonhofer Renè , Hans Popper Helmut , Sapino Anna 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSolitary fibrous tumours (SFT), originally described in the pleura, were subsequently recognized in numerous extrapleural sites. This suggests that a common stem cell, present in various organs and tissues, may be at the origin of SFT and that specific factors may be involved in the proliferation of such cells. Recently it has been described that steroid hormone receptors, progesterone receptors in particular, are expressed by extrapleural SFT. In addition, progesterone may participate as growth factor in many CD34+ stromal neoplasms, which express low levels of the hormone receptors. The present study analysed the expression of androgen (AR), oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in a series of 32 pleural SFT, 10 mesotheliomas and in reactive tissue of chronic pleuritis. ER and AR were never expressed by SFT or by chronic pleuritis, whereas PR were demonstrated in 2/16 ‘large’ (>8 cm) and in 6/16 ‘small’ (≤8 cm) pleural SFT (all expressing CD34, bcl‐2 and CD99). PR+ SFT had a significantly higher proliferative activity (p = 0.04) (Ki‐67 mean value 6.5%) and lower p27kip1 (mean value 51.5%) expression than the PR− cases (Ki‐67 mean value 3.81% and p27kip1 mean value 57.86%). One of the cases expressing a high level of PR (80%) recurred 1 year after first surgery and the recurrence was PR+ as well, but with a lower percentage of nuclear receptor expression (12%). In addition, in chronically inflamed subserosal tissue, a subpopulation of CD34+ endothelial and interstitial dendritic cells was identified, which also expressed PR. These findings suggest that the CD34+ submesothelial interstitial dendritic cells, activated during reactive processes, may be the stem cells that give rise to SFT, and that progesterone might participate in the growth of SFT through modulation of its specific receptors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photobase generation from amineimide derivatives and their use for curing an epoxide/thiol system
Authors: Katogi Shigeki , Yusa Masami 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe structural effects of amineimide derivatives on photobase generation and the use of the resultant base for thermal curing of an epoxide/thiol system are investigated. The results of UV spectral change and gas chromatographic‐mass spectrometric analysis indicated that amineimide derivatives undergo photolysis by UV irradiation and generate bases. The order of conversion of the photolysis for the functional groups introduced to amineimide derivatives was NO2 > N(CH3)2 > CN > OCH3 > H. By using aminimide derivatives with NO2 and N(CH3)2 groups, the curing of the epoxide/thiol system was shifted to lower temperature after UV irradiation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 4045–4052, 2002
Influence of molecular architecture on fast and segmental dynamics and the glass transition in polybutadiene
Authors: Kisliuk A. , Ding Y. , Hwang J. , Lee J. S. , Annis B. K. , Foster M. D. , Sokolov A. P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractChanges in the fast dynamics of polybutadiene (PB) with molecular weight and molecular architecture have been investigated by light and neutron scattering spectroscopy. Differences observed in the fast dynamics of various molecules correlate with differences seen in the value of the glass‐transition temperature (Tg). The segmental and fast dynamics as well as the value of Tg are dependent on the total molecular weight of the molecule but independent of its architecture. In other words, the dynamics of PB depend on the number of segments in the molecule but do not show a significant dependence on how the segments are connected (molecular topology), even for arm molecular weights commensurate with the entanglement molecular weight. Literature data for the Tg's of highly branched, phenolic‐terminated dendritic poly(benzyl ethers) of various core structures exhibit the same trend. There is no explanation for why the segmental motion appears to be sensitive to the total molecular weight of the molecule but is independent of its architecture. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2431–2439, 2002
Airway obstruction in children with congenital heart disease: Assessment by flexible bronchoscopy
Authors: Lee S.L. , Cheung Y.F. , Leung M.P. , Ng Y.K. , Tsoi N.S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe assessed the spectrum of airway disorders in children with congenital cardiac anomalies, and reviewed our experience in using flexible bronchoscopy for assessment of airway problems in this patient group. The clinical records, flexible bronchoscopic findings, and cardiac imaging results of pediatric cardiac patients who presented with either clinical or radiological signs of airway obstruction between 1992–1999 were reviewed. Flexible bronchoscopic assessment was performed with the patients under sedation and topical anesthesia, using one of two bronchoscopes, i.e., an Olympus BFN20 or Olympus BF3C20.Of a total of 52 patients, 33 had acyanotic cardiovascular lesions, the commonest being left‐to‐right shunts (61%), while 19 had cyanotic heart lesions, with right ventricular outflow obstruction being the commonest (63%). Twenty‐seven patients had undergone either surgical or transcatheter interventions. The median age at bronchoscopic assessment was 6 months (range, 4 days to 6 years). None of the patients developed significant procedural complications. A definitive diagnosis was made in 48 (92%) patients, 8 of whom had abnormalities involving only the upper airways, 35 only the lower airways, and 5 both. Abnormalities of the upper airway included laryngomalacia (n = 6), subglottic stenosis (n = 3), pharyngeal collapse (n = 2), and 1 each of choanal stenosis and supraglottitis. Extrinsic compression was the commonest lower airway abnormality that was found in 27/40 patients (67%), with a predilection for the left main bronchus (18/27, 67%). The structures that caused extrinsic compression included dilated pulmonary arteries with or without left atrial dilation (n = 20), an anomalous aortic or pulmonary arterial course (n = 3), a dilated aorta (n = 1), and a shunt (n = 1), but were not obvious in 2 patients. Intrinsic lower airway abnormalities included bronchomalacia (n = 4), tracheal stenosis (n = 4), and one each of variant bronchial bifurcation and a pouch arising from the tracheal wall. Intraluminal mucus plugging of the lower airways occurred in the remaining 3 patients.Children with congenital heart disease are at risk of airway obstruction both before and after surgery. Flexible bronchoscopy, being safe and effective in diagnosing airway disorders in this patient group, should be considered as the first line of investigation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:304–311. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Budesonide/formoterol in a single inhaler versus inhaled corticosteroids alone in the treatment of asthma
Authors: Tal A. , Simon G. , Vermeulen J.H. , Petru V. , Cobos N. , Everard M.L. , de Boeck K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy (expressed as effect on lung function) and tolerability of Symbicort® (budesonide/formoterol in a single inhaler) in children with asthma.This was a double‐blind, double‐dummy, randomized, parallel‐group, multicenter trial. After a 2–4‐week run‐in period, 286 asthmatic children (177 boys, 109 girls; mean age, 11 years; mean forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), 75% predicted normal), previously treated with inhaled corticosteroids (average dose 548 μg/day), were randomized to 12 weeks' treatment with either budesonide/formoterol 80/4.5 μg, two inhalations twice daily (n = 148), or an equivalent dose of budesonide 100 μg, two inhalations twice daily (n = 138). Efficacy variables included morning and evening peak expiratory flow (PEF), spirometery, asthma symptoms, and use of rescue medication (β2‐agonists). Serial FEV1 assessments were carried out on a subgroup of children (budesonide/formoterol, n = 41; budesonide, n = 40) at randomization and at week 12.Relative to baseline, morning PEF (primary variable) increased to a significantly greater extent with budesonide/formoterol than with budesonide alone (7.22% predicted normal vs 3.45% predicted normal; P < 0.001). Evening PEF also increased significantly with budesonide/formoterol (6.13% predicted normal vs. 2.73% predicted normal; P < 0.001), as did mean FEV1 and serial FEV1 measured over 12 hr (both P < 0.05). Similar improvements in asthma symptoms and rescue medication use were observed in both groups. The two treatment groups were similar in terms of their adverse‐event profile and rates of discontinuation.Budesonide/formoterol in a single inhaler provided rapid improvements in PEF and FEV1 compared to inhaled budesonide alone. These improvements were sustained throughout the study period. Budesonide/formoterol was well‐tolerated in children with moderate persistent asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:342–350. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cor triatriatum: A cause of hemoptysis
Authors: Sritippayawan Suchada , Margetis Monique F. , MacLaughlin Eithne F. , Achermann Ruben , Wells Winfield J. , Davidson Ward Sally L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHemoptysis can be caused by either pulmonary or extrapulmonary causes. Congenital heart disease should be considered as a possible cause in patients who have no obvious evidence of pulmonary disease. We report on an 8‐year‐old girl who presented with recurrent hemoptysis without other cardiopulmonary signs, except for mild tachypnea and a prominent pulmonic component of the second heart sound, suggesting pulmonary hypertension. A chest X‐ray revealed pulmonary venous congestion without other parenchymal disease. An echocardiogram revealed classical cor triatriatum, with a 6‐mm orifice in the anomalous septum. Cardiac evaluation should be considered in patients with hemoptysis unexplained by pulmonary causes, even in the absence of overt cardiac symptoms. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:405–408. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of focal adhesion kinase in normal and pathologic human prostate tissues
Authors: Rovin Joshua D. , Frierson Henry F. , Ledinh Wayne , Parsons J. Thomas , Adams Reid B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDFocal adhesion kinase (FAK) regulates multiple cellular processes including growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and apoptosis. In tumor cells, including prostate adenocarcinoma, FAK overexpression has been linked to cancer progression.METHODSBy using immunohistochemistry, FAK expression was investigated in human prostate specimens.RESULTSFAK was expressed predominantly in the basal layer of normal prostate epithelium but not in secretory epithelium. FAK was expressed at similar levels in all stages of prostate tumorigenesis, including preinvasive carcinoma and metastatic disease. Elevated FAK expression was observed at the earliest stages of transformation and expression continued during cancer progression.CONCLUSIONGiven the established role for FAK in the regulation of integrin signaling, we suggest that the sustained elevated levels of FAK expression during prostate tumor cell progression is consistent with a role for FAK in the development and maintenance of prostate carcinoma. Prostate 53: 124–132, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activated transformations of organophosphorus insecticides in the case of non‐AChE inhibitory oxons
Authors: Kasagami Takeo , Miyamoto Toru , Yamamoto Izuru 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMany organophosphorus (OP) compounds are of the thiono form and in insects or animals are converted by microsomal mixed function oxidases (MFO) into the oxon forms which inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and give toxic activity. However, certain S‐alkyl phosphorothiolates (RS‐P(O)<) such as methamidophos, profenophos and prothiophos oxon are strongly insecticidal, but very poor inhibitors of AChE in vitro. Their oxons are converted further to the S‐oxides, which either inhibit AChE or decompose, depending on the alkyl substituents on the sulfur atom. It is also inferred in the case of prothiophos oxon that its S‐oxide not only inhibits AChE but also conjugates with glutathione (GSH) by the action of glutathione S‐transferase (GST), and the conjugate inhibits AChE. Certain phosphoramidates (R2N‐P(O)<) such as isofenphos oxon, schradan and propetamphos oxon are weak AChE inhibitors, but strongly insecticidal. It is well known that isofenphos oxon is converted into the stable N‐desalkyl form (H2N—P(O)<) by oxidative dealkylation to inhibit AChE. The authors have studied activation of phosphoramidates using 2,4‐dichlorophenyl methyl N‐alkylphosphoramidates as model compounds using various approaches including computational chemistry, and these studies indicated that the O‐aminophosphate structure (R2N—O—P(O)<) is an activated form.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Cardiovascular effects of Urtica dioica L. in isolated rat heart and aorta
Authors: Legssyer Abdelkhaleq , Ziyyat Abderrahim , Mekhfi Hassane , Bnouham Mohamed , Tahri Abdelhafid , Serhrouchni Mohamed , Hoerter Jacqueline , Fischmeister Rodolphe 
Published: October 2002

AbstractUrtica dioica L. or Nettle (Urticaceae) is widely used in oriental Morocco to treat hypertension. Aqueous extract of Nettle (AEN) also exerts a hypotensive action in the rat in vivo. The aim of this work was to characterize the specific cardiac and vascular effects of AEN. In the isolated Langendorff perfused rat heart, AEN (1 and 2 g/l) markedly decreased heart rate and increased left ventricular pressure. Higher concentration (5 g/l) even led to cardiac arrest. Although carbachol mimicked the bradycardiac effect of AEN, atropine (a muscarinic receptor antagonist, 1 µM) did not modify the response. Beside its action on myocardium, AEN also affected vascular contractility. Indeed, AEN (0.1–5 g/l) produced a dose‐dependent increase in basal tone of isolated rat aorta. This effect was endothelium independent and was abolished by 1 µM prazosin (an α1‐adrenergic antagonist). AEN had little additional effects when the aorta was precontracted by noradrenaline (1 µM) or KCl (40 mM). Our data indicate that AEN produces a vasoconstriction of the aorta which is due to activation of α1‐adrenergic receptors. However, AEN also induces a strong bradycardia through non‐cholinergic and non‐adrenergic pathways which might compensate for its vascular effect and account for the hypotensive action of Urtica dioica L described in vivo. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antidiarrhoeal activity of seed extract of Albizzia lebbeck Benth.
Authors: Besra S. E. , Gomes A. , Chaudhury L. , Vedasiromoni J. R. , Ganguly D. K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe antidiarrhoeal activity of the seed extract of Albizzia lebbeck (Benth.) was investigated employing conventional rodent models of diarrhoea, i.e. castor oil‐induced diarrhoea, upper gastrointestinal transit (u.g.t.) and fluid secretion. It was found that the aqueous methanol extract of Albizzia lebbeck seeds (2.5–5 mg/kg i.p.) possessed antidiarrhoeal activity which strengthens the earlier use of the seeds in the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery. The antidiarrhoeal dose of the extract was at least 10–30 times less than the LD50 dose. The extract (2.5–5 mg/kg i.p.) potentiated the antidiarrhoeal activity of loperamide (1 mg/kg i.p.). Nalaxone (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) significantly inhibited the antidiarrhoeal activity of the extract as well as loperamide, thus indicating a role of the opioid system in the antidiarrhoeal activity of the extract. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening of selected plant extracts for in vitro inhibitory activity on Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Bedoya L. M. , Palomino S. Sanchez , Abad M. J. , Bermejo P. , Alcami J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAs part of our screening of anti‐AIDS agents from natural sources, extracts of 15 medicinal plants widely used in the folk medicines of North America and Europe were evaluated in vitro. Most of the extracts tested were relatively nontoxic to human lymphocytic MT‐2 cells, but only the extracts of Hysopp officinalis and Dittrichia viscosa exhibited anti‐HIV activity in an in vitro MTT assay. The 50% hydroalcohol extract of Hysopp officinalis and the aqueous extract of Dittrichia viscosa showed inhibitory effects against HIV‐1 induced infections in MT‐2 cells at concentrations ranging from 50 to 100 μg/mL and 25 to 400 μg/mL, respectively. Both extracts showed no appreciable cytotoxicity at these concentrations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical study of the hydrogen chloride trihydrate
Authors: Struniewicz Cezary , Milet Anne , Sadlej Joanna , Moszynski Robert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractStructural, energetic, and spectroscopic properties of the hydrogen chloride trihydrate (H2O)3HCl have been calculated by ab initio and density functional methods. The stationary points on the potential energy surface and the harmonic frequencies were obtained with the density functional theory, the second‐order Møller–Plesset theory, and the self‐consistent reaction field theory, while the corresponding interaction energies and binding energies were computed using the coupled‐cluster method restricted to single, double, and noniterative triple excitations. The origins of the bonding have been characterized by symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory of pair and three‐body interactions. The global minimum on the potential energy surface of the cluster corresponds to a cyclic structure with the water and hydrogen chloride molecules connected by hydrogen bonds. Another minimum, corresponding to an ionic form of the trihydrate, (H2O)2H3O+Cl−, has a binding energy only ≈2 kcal/mol higher than the global minimum, but it is separated by a large barrier. The pathway connecting the two minima has been found, and the structure of the corresponding transition state has been determined. The geometry of the ionic minimum agrees well with the crystal structure of the hydrogen chloride trihydrate from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. Also, the computed harmonic frequencies and their theoretical assignment are in agreement with the experimental data recorded in the gas phase in argon matrices and in the crystalline phase. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
On the nature of the ground state of Cr(V) defects in YVO4: An ab initio model potential embedded‐cluster study
Authors: Pascual José Luis , Barandiarán Zoila , Seijo Luis 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this article we present the results of ab initio model potential (AIMP) embedded cluster calculations of the electronic structure of (CrO4)3− in the lattice of YVO4, in order to study the factors which determine the relative energy position of the two lowest lying electronic states of the Cr(V) ion as a dopant in this host lattice: 2A1 and 2B1. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical spectroscopy studies have reported these two states to be in reversed order from what should be expected following crystal field theory (CFT) considerations, taking into account the elongated distortion of the (VO4)3− cluster characteristic of the YVO4 lattice. The relative order predicted by CFT (2B1<2A1) is found when self‐consistent field (SCF) (CrO4)3− cluster calculations are done in vacuo. When AIMP embedded cluster calculations are performed using large multiconfigurational expansions for the 2A1 and 2B1 wavefunctions, the 2A1 state is found to be the ground state, in agreement with experimental evidence; the energy difference with respect to the 2B1 state is calculated to be 1650 cm−1. We have analyzed the results produced using different embeddings and different wavefunction expansions and we have reached the conclusion that embedding effects [both direct and indirect, through the local distortion produced by the Cr(V) impurity] and covalency (beyond SCF molecular orbital formation) are responsible for the energy reversal. Our results do not support previous interpretations of the energy reversal in terms of unusually strong interactions between the Cr(V) impurity and the two Y3+ cations in the second coordination sphere of the Cr(V). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Constant denominator perturbative schemes and the partitioning technique
Authors: Surján Péter R. , Szabados Ágnes 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWith the aid of Löwdin's partitioning theory, an infinite series for the eigenvalue of the Schrödinger equation is derived which does not contain energy differences in denominators. The resulting formulae are compared to those of constant denominator methods, such as perturbation theory within the Unsøld approximation and the connected moment expansion (CMX). The Unsøld formulae are easily obtained from partitioning theory by a suitable choice of the zero order Hamiltonian. Optimizing the value of the energy denominator using the first order wave function in a size‐consistent way, the third order Unsøld correction vanishes, and the corresponding energy correction formula of the CMX is recovered at the second order. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002