bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostatic androgen repressed message‐1 (PARM‐1) may play a role in prostatic cell immortalisation
Authors: Cornet Anne M. , Hanon Emmanuel , Reiter Eric R. , Bruyninx Marc , Nguyen Viet Ha , Hennuy Benoît R. , Hennen Georges P. , Closset Jean L. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstatic androgen‐repressed message‐1 (PARM‐1) has been cloned from the prostate. The transcript of the PARM‐1 gene is overexpressed during regression of the prostate after androgen withdrawal. The regulation of PARM‐1 by androgens is limited to this organ. We have studied the effects of PARM‐1 overexpression in malignant prostate cells.METHODSThe PARM‐1 cDNA was introduced into the rat cancer cell line MAT LyLu along with a doxycycline‐dependent regulator.RESULTSMaximal expression of PARM‐1 (fivefold induction) was achieved by incubating the cells with 2 μM doxycycline for 48 hr. A study investigating the effect of PARM‐1 overexpression on the transcription of 588 genes has shown that the TLP1 gene (encoding rat telomerase protein component 1) was the most up‐regulated (fourfold). In addition, a dose‐dependent increase in telomerase activity was observed in cells overexpressing PARM‐1. In vivo, the androgen‐deprived prostate showed an increased TLP1 level and increased telomerase activity.CONCLUSIONSIncreased telomerase activity is often associated with the immortalisation of cancer cell lines, particularly prostatic ones. This could mean that PARM‐1 is involved, via increased telomerase activity, in a survival program enabling certain prostatic cells to resist apoptosis, thus conferring a selective advantage to pre‐cancerous or cancerous cells. Prostate 56: 220–230, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of diastereomeric chlorophyll allomers by atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Walker J. Stuart , Jie Chi , Keely Brendan J. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractAtmospheric pressure chemical ionisation liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (APCI‐LC/MS) has been used for identification of the epimers of hydroxy, methoxy and methoxylactone allomers of chlorophyll a (132‐HO‐chl a, 132‐MeO‐chl a and 151‐MeO‐lact‐chl a), the hydroxy allomer of bacteriochlorophyll a (132‐HO‐bchl a) and the hydroxy and methoxylactone allomers of bacterioviridin a (132‐HO‐bvir a and 151‐MeO‐lact‐bvir a). The APCI mass spectra show that facile fragmentations involve the methoxyl or hydroxyl groups at the C‐132 or C‐151 chiral centres. Losses involving the C‐132 or C‐151 hydroxyl or methoxyl groups occur more easily from the S‐epimer than from the R‐epimer due to the greater relief of the steric strain associated with interaction with the bulky C‐17 substituent. The differences in mass spectrometric fragmentation can be used as a diagnostic tool for the assignment of the stereochemical configuration at the C‐132 or C‐151 chiral centres. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation of ammonium‐N as 1‐sulfonato‐iso‐indole for measurement of δ15N
Authors: Johnston Andrew M. , Scrimgeour Charles M. , Kennedy Hilary , Handley Linda L. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe conversion of ammonium (NH4+) to 1‐sulfonato‐iso‐indole has been examined as a method for natural abundance measurement of δ15N of NH4+. The reaction is complete within 2 h and is based on the derivatisation of NH4+ by o‐phthaldialdehyde and sodium sulfite at a high pH, 11.2. The product is readily concentrated from dilute solutions by reverse‐phase solid‐phase extraction (SPE). The method is compound‐specific despite partial derivatisation of potentially interfering amino acids, as their derivatives are not extracted by SPE. δ15N values of NH4+ in KCL soil extracts can be measured within 48 h by automated continuous‐flow IRMS with a precision of 0.23‰ (1 SD). Parallel measurements of NH4+ standards of known δ15N are made to allow correction for the isotopic dilution by non‐sample NH4+. The practicality of this method is demonstrated by measuring the changes in NH4+ concentration and δ15N following the addition of urea as a nitrogen source to inorganic N‐depleted soil. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Confirmatory analysis of sulfonamide antibacterials in bovine liver and kidney: extraction with hot water and liquid chromatography coupled to a single‐ or triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometer
Authors: Bogialli Sara , Curini Roberta , Di Corcia Antonio , Nazzari Manuela , Sergi Manuel 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA simple, specific, and rapid confirmatory method for determining 12 sulfonamide (SAs) antibacterials in bovine liver and kidney is presented. This method is based on the matrix solid‐phase dispersion technique with hot water as extractant followed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with an electrospray ion source. The method was tailored for use with both single‐quadrupole MS (I) and triple‐quadrupole MS (II) instruments. After acidification and filtration of the aqueous extract, a 250‐μL aliquot was injected into instrument I while only 25 μL was analyzed by instrument II. With instrument I MS data acquisition was performed in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, selecting at least three ions for each target compound. With instrument II the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode with three fragmentation reactions for each compound was chosen. With the exception of sulfaquinoxaline (SQX), recovery of the analytes at the 50 ppb level in both liver and kidney was 72–96% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging between 3 and 11%. The very poor recovery of SQX was due to its rapid enzymatic oxidation when in contact with the two tissues. With instrument I, limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N = 10) were 5–14 ppb of SAs. Even lower LOQs (1–8 ppb) were estimated by using instrument II, even though the extract volume analyzed was ten times lower than that with instrument I. With both matrices and using instrument I, severe ion signal suppression was experienced for the early‐eluted SAs when trying to fractionate analytes by using a short chromatographic run time. This effect was traced to polar endogenous co‐extractives eluted in the first part of the chromatographic run that interfered with gas‐phase ion formation for SAs. Adopting more selective chromatographic conditions minimized this effect. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sample preparation effects in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry of partially depolymerised methyl cellulose
Authors: Momcilovic Dane , Wittgren Bengt , Wahlund Karl‐Gustav , Karlsson Johan , Brinkmalm Gunnar 
Published: May 2003

AbstractMethyl cellulose (MC) was partially depolymerised and the oligomers thus obtained were studied by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS). The depolymerisation was either enzymatic or acidic. Fractions of enzymatically depolymerised MC were collected from size‐exclusion chromatography and subjected to a sample preparation investigation. Several MALDI matrices and solvents were evaluated. The results showed that the solvent choice had a significant effect on the measured degree of substitution (DS). Aprotic solvents produced higher DS values, which was most likely due to poor solubility of species with low DS. The obtained signal intensity, however, did not correlate with the solubility but seemed to be more dependent on certain matrix/solvent combinations. All the matrices attempted produced mass spectra with sufficient signal intensity for accurate peak area calculation. The choice of matrix did not have any significant effect on the measured DS. Sample spots obtained from organic solvents had a more homogeneous distribution of the analyte and smaller crystals than those obtained from water. This increased both the reproducibility and peak resolution and in addition the analysis time was shorter. DS measurements were performed on two acidically depolymerised MCs with different nominal DS values. It was easy to distinguish between the two MCs, and the measured DS values agreed well with the values supplied by the manufacturers. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of dinucleoside polyphosphates by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation post‐source decay mass spectrometry
Authors: Jankowski J. , Große‐Hüttmann P. , Zidek W. , Schlüter H. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractDinucleoside polyphosphates are a group of intra‐ and extracellular mediators controlling numerous physiological functions. In this study dinucleoside polyphosphates were examined by positive ion matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MADLI‐TOFMS). 3‐Hydroxypicolinic acid was used as UV‐absorbing matrix. For the individual dinucleoside polyphosphates ApnA (n = 2–7), ApnG (n = 2–6) and GpnG (n = 2–6), MALDI post‐source decay (PSD) mass spectra were measured. Each mass peak in the MALDI‐PSD mass spectra could be assigned to individual fragments of dinucleoside polyphosphates. The comparison of the fragmentation patterns of the dinucleoside polyphosphates presented here demonstrates that dinucleoside polyphosphates preferably cleave to fragment ions consisting of the corresponding mononucleoside polyphosphates as well as the corresponding nucleosides and bases during flight in the field‐free drift path of the MALDI mass spectrometer. Therefore, the MALDI‐PSD approach described here is suitable for identification of other dinucleoside polyphosphates. The present MALDI‐PSD mass spectra may be used as MALDI‐PSD mass reference spectra for future identification of dinucleoside polyphosphates and other nucleotides. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A standard protocol for single nucleotide primer extension in the human genome using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Wise Cheryl A. , Paris Maxime , Morar Bharti , Wang Wei , Kalaydjieva Luba , Bittles Alan H. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractAnalysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has become an increasingly important area of research, with numerous applications in medical genetics, population genetics, forensic science, and agricultural biotechnology. Large‐scale SNP analyses require the development of methodologies that are economical, flexible, accurate and capable of automation. Primer extension in conjunction with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) is currently emerging as a potential method for high‐throughput SNP genotyping. We have evaluated a number of published primer extension methods and refined a simple and robust protocol to analyze human autosomal disease‐causing mutations and population genetic markers on the Y‐chromosome. Twelve different variant sites were examined, and homozygotes, heterozygotes and hemizygotes were accurately typed. A 100% concordance was observed between SNP genotypes obtained using the MALDI‐TOFMS technique and alternative genotyping methods, such as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays and denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). Since multiple polymorphisms can be detected in single reactions, the method provides a cost‐effective approach for SNP analysis. The protocol is also extremely flexible (able to accommodate new markers) and can be adapted to a number of platforms without the use of commercial kits. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous quantitation of enalapril and enalaprilat in human plasma by 96‐well solid‐phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lee Jaeick , Son Junghyun , Lee Mijin , Lee Kyung Tae , Kim Dong‐Hyun 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA sensitive and rapid method based on liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) combined with rapid solid‐phase extraction (SPE) has been developed and validated for the quantitative determination of enalapril and its active metabolite enalaprilat in human plasma. After addition of internal standard to human plasma, samples were extracted by 96‐well SPE cartridge. The extracts were analyzed by HPLC with the detection of the analyte in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. This method for the simultaneous determination of enalapril and enalaprilat was accurate and reproducible, with respective limits of quantitation of 0.2 and 1.0 ng/mL in plasma. The standard calibration curves for both enalapril and enalaprilat were linear (r2 = 0.9978 and 0.9998) over the concentration ranges 0.2–200 and 1.0–100 ng/mL in human plasma, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision over the concentration range for enalapril and enalaprilat were lower than 13.3 and 15.4% (relative standard deviation, %RSD), and accuracy was between 89.2–105.0 and 91.9–104.7%, respectively. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Approaches towards the automated interpretation and prediction of electrospray tandem mass spectra of non‐peptidic combinatorial compounds
Authors: Klagkou Katerina , Pullen Frank , Harrison Mark , Organ Andy , Firth Alistair , Langley G. John 
Published: May 2003

AbstractCombinatorial chemistry is widely used within the pharmaceutical industry as a means of rapid identification of potential drugs. With the growth of combinatorial libraries, mass spectrometry (MS) became the key analytical technique because of its speed of analysis, sensitivity, accuracy and ability to be coupled with other analytical techniques. In the majority of cases, electrospray mass spectrometry (ES‐MS) has become the default ionisation technique. However, due to the absence of fragment ions in the resulting spectra, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is required to provide structural information for the identification of an unknown analyte. This work discusses the first steps of an investigation into the fragmentation pathways taking place in electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The ultimate goal for this project is to set general fragmentation rules for non‐peptidic, pharmaceutical, combinatorial compounds. As an aid, an artificial intelligence (AI) software package is used to facilitate interpretation of the spectra. This initial study has focused on determining the fragmentation rules for some classes of compound types that fit the remit as outlined above. Based on studies carried out on several combinatorial libraries of these compounds, it was established that different classes of drug molecules follow unique fragmentation pathways. In addition to these general observations, the specific ionisation processes and the fragmentation pathways involved in the electrospray mass spectra of these systems were explored. The ultimate goal will be to incorporate our findings into the computer program and allow identification of an unknown, non‐peptidic compound following insertion of its ES‐MS/MS spectrum into the AI package. The work herein demonstrates the potential benefit of such an approach in addressing the issue of high‐throughput, automated MS/MS data interpretation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental Testing of a Gauge Based Collision Detection Mechanism for a New Three‐Degree‐of‐Freedom Flexible Robot
Authors: García A. , Feliu V. , Somolinos J. A. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe use of flexible robots can be easily justified in two main cases: (1) when the weight of the robot has to be minimized and (2) when collisions between the robot and the environment are foreseen, since a flexible, lightweight robot implies less impact energy. The position control of these robots has already been analyzed in previous communications. However, the second of these cases justifying the use of flexible robots requires further consideration, leading to the development of a force controller. Inmost up to date analysis the force control is studied beginning from a known contact point at a given collision time. In a more realistic approach, however, an accurate detection of the collision would be needed prior to dealing with the force control. After developing a reliable position controller for a three‐degree‐of‐freedom flexible robot using strain gauges placed over the robot structure, in this paper we deal with the possibility of carrying out the collision detection for the same prototype. This has been easily achieved by analyzing some estimated signals such as tip position and tip velocity. However, a complete analysis of the information obtained with the sensors has been required to obtain those estimates and a signal processing scheme had to be devised for a previous filtering of the original signals from the sensors (encoders and strain gauges). This work has been carried out as a first step towards the position/force control. Experimental results on a three‐degree‐of‐freedom flexible arm prototype are presented to verify how well this method performs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechatronic Design and Locomotion of Amoebot—A Metamorphic Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Chen I‐Ming , Li Hsi‐Shang , Cathala Arnaud 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe Metamorphic Underwater Vehicle (MUV) is a vehicle that propels in the water by continuously changing the shape of its body similar to the motion of the microorganism amoebae. In this article, we describe the basic design of Amoebot, a plastic MUV that achieves shape‐changing capability through the inflation and deflation of water‐filled balloons. A sequence of inflation and deflation procedures can be taken to produce cyclic swimming shapes that propel the MUV. Swimming shapes similar to the microorganism amoebae have been successfully reproduced by present Amoebot. The mechanical system designed proves to be very reliable and flexible in producing desired body shapes. The physical shape of the Amoebot is analyzed numerically and its variation in time during the swim can be expressed explicitly. By formulating sets of idealized swimming rules based on the changing shape, simulations are carried out to predict the trajectory and study the pseudo dynamics of the swimming of Amoebot. Possible applications of this type of underwater vehicle are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design of rational agents for performing speech acts intentionally in multiagent environment
Authors: Takata Shiro , Igarashi Yoshime , Nide Naoyuki , Enomoto Mika , Mase Kenji , Nakatsu Ryohei 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis paper presents the basic design for rational agents who intentionally perform speech acts in multiagent environments for the purpose of problem‐solving in collaboration with humans or other agents. The authors aim at construction of a rational agent with the BDI (belief, desire, intention) architecture. The rational agent aims at achieving her given goal and selects a plan carefully on the basis of her belief. She then forms the selected plan as her intention, as her mental state to control future deliberation. If the precondition for the intention is satisfied, a speech act composing that intention is intentionally performed. In this paper, the FIPA (Foundation of Intelligent Physical Agents)‐conformant primitive communicative acts and protocols are first defined as speech acts of the agent. The extended BDI architecture is proposed in which conditional branching, synchronized waiting for a message, and so on, generated in the communication between agents by using speech acts, are directly represented in the body part of the plan. Then, information filtering by the researcher secretary agent in a laboratory tour guide system is considered, and the usefulness of the proposed method is demonstrated. Lastly, a problem is posed regarding a courteous rejection of a request from the user by the rational agent, which will be an important issue in the future. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(8): 77–88, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10114
Formal specification of components in a component‐based framework development method
Authors: Yoshida Kazuki , Honiden Shinichi 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a technique called FCF (Formally specified Component based Framework development method) to develop frameworks by connecting components whose functional aspects are formally specified. In FCF, three rules are imposed on component extraction/design from the perspectives of the framework's hot spot and its algebraic specification. Then, on the basis of the rules, problems for specifying the functional aspect of a framework which is composed by connecting components are clarified, and these are solved by a descriptive device and a theoretical extension of algebraic specification. Then, using these solutions, the components of business transaction processing extracted and designed following the rules are specified, from which the solutions are evaluated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(8): 62–76, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10280
Deformation model of a human face based on measurements
Authors: Mizobuchi Tomoki , Hirota Koichi , Kaneko Toyohisa 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis paper proposes a method for simulating a soft object in a virtual space. We employ a spring mass network to represent a human face, which is an example of a soft object. A bubble mesh algorithm is applied to CT data to obtain a network whose nodes are approximately equally spaced. For connecting bubble centers we devised a technique employing a Voronoi diagram. Softness is represented by a spring network model with springs assigned to edges connecting adjacent nodes. The spring constant is determined experimentally so that the measured softness is equal to the softness of a virtual object in terms of the relation between force and displacement. The nonlinearity of a spring is set at 80% of its depth, read from the CT data. A force feedback system using PHANToM was implemented in order to allow a sensation of virtually feeling and pushing a soft object. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(8): 33–41, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10320
Bayes code with singular prior
Authors: Takahashi Hayato 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe study the asymptotic code lengths of sequences generated by smooth parametric models. We study especially the cases such that the parameters are in a set of Lebesgue measure 0. In general, for smooth parametric models, it is known that, under a suitable condition, the lower bound of the code length is −logP̂ + (k/2)logn + o(logn), except for parameters in a set of Lebesgue measure 0, where P̂ is the maximum likelihood, k is the dimension of the model, and n is a sample size. It is known that MDL coding and Bayes coding achieve this lower bound. In this paper we construct a code by Bayes mixture with a singular prior. The code shown in this paper has a shorter code length than MDL coding (log coefficient less than k/2) when the parameters are in a set of measure 0, and is considered to be intermediate between Shannon coding and MDL coding. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(8): 22–32, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10358