bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jewish renewal
Authors: Wilkes George R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Though calls for renewal have inspired Jews since biblical times, concepts of ‘Jewish renewal’ only developed in the twentieth century. From the 1970s a variety of programmes and movements have used this concept, some more spiritual, some determinedly secular. This chapter examines where they differ, what they hold in common, and how they can be evaluated. Programmes which appeal for Jewish renewal have received marginal attention in academic Jewish studies. The most interesting commentaries available are written by figures associated with one concept of Jewish renewal, and focus on movements in only one country.
Jewry in the former Soviet Union
Authors: Klier John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The depiction of the Russian Empire as a uniquely antisemitic state was the creation of Jewish historians writing early in the twentieth century, who spoke of ‘traditional Russian religious antisemitism’. Russian tsars sought to convert the Jews to Christianity by coercion (military recruitment and legal discrimination, especially the Pale of Settlement regulations that barred most Jews from residing in the Russian interior), and monetary rewards. Only at the end of the nineteenth century was religious Jew-hatred secularized, and given a political colouration. Equating Jewry with revolution, Russian state officials incited deadly anti-Jewish riots, the pogroms, seeking ‘to drown the Russian revolution in Jewish blood’.
The future of Jewish practice
Authors: Wanderer Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A visitor to a small village approaches the local rabbi in the hope of finding somewhere to stay. The rabbi thinks for a moment before saying: ‘Unfortunately the only available place would be at the home of Yechiel.’ ‘Why is that a problem?’ ‘Well,’ says the rabbi, ‘Yechiel is notorious in these parts for being somewhat of an apikorus (heretic).’ Desperate, the visitor contacts Yechiel and settles down for the night, curious to witness the behaviour of this heretic. Next morning he awakes to discover Yechiel, wrapped in a prayer shawl and phylacteries, fervently reciting the morning prayers. Puzzled, the visitor challenges Yechiel to explain his meticulous practice despite his notoriety.
Revelation
Authors: Novak David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No doctrine is more important in Jewish theology than revelation. Jewish theology is a Jewish enterprise because it is primarily an analysis of the meaning of Torah. Torah presents itself as God’s word to humans. Hence the fundamental meaning of the Torah, over and above that of its specific teachings, is to be discovered in the doctrine of revelation: the way the Torah is given to its human recipients (mattantorah ). This doctrine teaches that real contact between God and humans takes place in this world. Jewish theology which has been exposed to philosophy has asked basic philosophical questions of the doctrine of revelation.
Introduction Agamemnons in Performance
Authors: Michelakis Pantelis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This brief extract from the Memorial of Saint Helena, a work in eight volumes providing a day-by-day account of the last eighteen months of Napoleon’ s life, is striking for a number of reasons. There is an unmistakable echo of the judgement of Aeschylus as forceful and simple to be found in Aristophanes’ Frogs, as well as an allusion to Clytemnestra’ s beacon speech (A. Ag. 281–316) intertwined in the vocabulary of the Enlightenment with its celebration of progress.2 But perhaps nothing is more fascinating than the very image of Aeschylus’ Agamemnon recited by one of the greatest
Agamemnon: Speaking the Unspeakable
Authors: Reynolds Margaret 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the document that records the Windings of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa there is described an occasion when an un-named Indian woman applied for amnesty for her ‘apathy’. Her application argued that those appealing for amnesty on these grounds acknowledged that they as individuals can and should be held accountable by history for our lack of necessary action in times of crisisin exercising apathy rather than commitment we allow others to sacrifice their lives for the sake of our freedom and an increase in our standard of living.
Viewing Agamemnon in Nineteenth-Century Britain
Authors: Macintosh Fiona 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aeschylus, the Romantic; Sophocles the mid-Victorian; Euripides the modernist. So goes the general assessment of the reception of the Greek tragedians in nineteenth-century Britain.1 There is, of course, evidence in support of such a claim. The Prometheus Bound, attributed to Aeschylus, was the Wrst translation of Aeschylus to appear in English and it becomes in a very real sense the central Greek text for the British Romantic period: Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein, or, the Modern Prometheus (1818) and Percy Bysshe Shelley’s verse drama Prometheus Unbound (1820) are but the Wrst in a long line of early nineteenth-century engagements with the Titanic.
OTOTOTOI: Virginia Woolf and ‘The Naked Cry ‘of Cassandra
Authors: Prins Yopie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Virginia Woolf read Greek with a passion, beginning in 1897 with a series of private tutors and continuing on her own for many years. In the early journals collected in A Passionate Apprentice, Woolf fondly described her Greek lessons with Miss Janet Case, whose favorite writers were Aeschylus and Euripides: she taught Woolf that ‘Aeschylus was strenuous, grand, impassioned’.1 Their tutorials included some ‘strenuous’ readings in Aeschylean tragedy, with Woolf reporting in 1903: ‘a great Xea jumped on to my Aeschylus as I read with Case the other day— and now bites large holes in me.’2 Bitten by the bug, Woolf also jumped into Aeschylus, making her way through the Greek text in leaps and bounds, despite large holes in her comprehension.
Staging Agamemnon, The Languages of Translation
Authors: Hardwick Lorna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores some verbal and non-verbal aspects of translation practice for the stage, with special attention to the context of the changing relationships between Greek plays and modern audiences. The focus is on two examples, both of which were first staged in 1999. The first concerns a translation into English created specially for performance and for which the translator was also the director. The second involves a doubly mediated process of translation on to the stage of a poetic version in English of Aeschylus’ play. In order to highlight issues of convergence and divergence the focus is on a common point of reference— the tapestry scene in the Agamemnon.
The Harrison Version: So long ago that it become a song 2019;
Authors: Taplin Oliver 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Music was vital and central to Aeschylus’ own production of Agamemnon in 458 bc.1 I am using ‘ music’ here as a shorthand for a complex, dynamic, and volatile interaction of melody, metric, pace, rhythm, and tone. This indisputable element will have been especially prominent for the various lyric parts of the play, with their complex meters and instrumental accompaniment. But the iambics also had some musicality in this broad sense, even though they were spoken un accompanied in a relatively simple line-after-line (stichic) metre. They were still far more dynamic than prose— and even further from what Pasolini dubbed ‘ teatro della Chiacchiera’ (theatre of chit-chat).2
The Millennium Project: Agamemnon in the United States
Authors: Foley Helene P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although US performances and adaptations of Aeschylus’ Agamemnon/the Oresteia only began in the twentieth century, giving a comprehensive picture of the play(s)’ reception on both college and university and professional levels has proved exceptionally difficult, both because of the problems of collecting accurate information at all periods, and because it is impossible to do justice to the immense volume of material available in a short chapter.
‘The Good Man is the Measure of All Things’: Objectivity without World-Centredness in Aristotle’s Moral Epistemology
Authors: Chappell Timothy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I begin by contrasting Aristotle’s ‘world-centred’ general epistemology, and his ‘mind-centred’ (more exactly, ‘agathos-centred’) moral epistemology. I argue that Aristotle takes this approach, not because he doubts the objectivity of ethics, nor because he is an ‘ethical particularist’ (whatever one of those is), but because of the reflexive nature of ethics as a study. I further argue that, by taking the notion that ‘the good man is the measure of all things’ as central to Aristotle’s ethics, we can see how to unify coherently the rather embarrassingly diverse ethical resources that Aristotle offers us.
Structure and Serendipity
Authors: Buxton Rachel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One could interpret this as Muldoon’s partial repudiation of the Frostian presence in his work. He has long acknowledged Frost to be one of the more signiﬁcant influences on his development as a poet, and, as we have seen in previous chapters, has lectured on Frost several times—for instance, we have his May 2000 lecture, given in his capacity as Oxford Professor of Poetry, where he focused on Frost’s poem ‘The Mountain’, and also his 1998 Bateson Memorial Lecture, again given at Oxford. The Bateson lecture is of particular interest because at its outset Muldoon states that it is his intention to explore three speciﬁc areas:
The East–West Orientation of Mediterranean Studies and the Meaning of North and South in Antiquity
Authors: Bowersock G W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Historians of both classical and late antiquity have a natural tendency to view the world they study as fundamentally divided into East and West. The reasons are obvious. Greeks were in the east, Romans in the west. The Roman Empire brought the parts together for some centuries before the successors of Constantine divided it definitively once again. Christianity perpetuated the split between East and West, and papal authority in the West confronts the eastern patriarchs down to this day. This division has taken the Mediterranean Sea as its nodal point, largely for reasons of communication and commerce.
The Ancient Mediterranean: The View from the Customs House
Authors: Purcell Nicholas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Routine, more-or-less legitimate, organized exactions of materials or labour, or of their symbolic equivalents, are located in a complex conceptual and practical matrix of behaviour and attitudes. This framework includes the purposes, expectations and irregularities of the exactors and the avoidance or hostility of those from whom exactions are made. It varies quantitatively, in levels and in the parameters within which it is possible in a given system to change those levels, in the efficiency of the programme and of its execution. It is obviously qualitatively variable, according to the configuration of what is taxed— human effort, produce, accumulation, artisan skill, exchanges, earnings, inheritances, winnings, windfalls.
Mediterranean Reception in the Americas
Authors: Marshall Francisco 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Ancient Mediterranean experience and its transmission throughout the ages has been the main theme of the Western tradition for centuries, helping to shape such a wide set of cultural contexts that we could hardly list them all. Perhaps the best way to perceive the range of Mediterranean influence would be to indicate the non-Mediterranean contexts, in the Orient, Southern Africa, Asia, Oceania, or in the Americas. There are many places outside the Mediterranean that have been exposed to Mediterranean cultural radiation, and developed strong historical and imaginary links, relating places as distant as Brazil, New Zealand, and Denmark to that most powerful cradle of historical meanings. Therefore, to illustrate the outpouring of Mediterranean waters and codes throughout the world, and particularly within the social context in which I live—in Brazil—I will mention two of the most telling circumstances of reception of the Mediterranean experience, presenting key cases that illuminate the whole functioning of a powerful machine of meaning-production. This will take place, firstly, through the illustration of the colonization of collective imageries and, secondly, through a demonstration of the working of an inventive method of palaeographical and epigraphical study, carefully developed to tighten the bonds between the ancient Mediterranean and Brazil, a case which has had wide reverberations from the first decades of the twentieth century until to-day.
Four Years of Corruption: A Response to Critics
Authors: Horden Peregrine , Purcell Nicholas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘A second instalment will ⃛ allow us an opportunity to respond to criticisms of the first, in the interests of the debate that we should like to promote.’ When we wrote those words, in the Introduction to The Corrupting Sea (p. 4), the second instalment that we had in mind was volume 2 of the project, now provisionally entitled Liquid Continents (LC). Since that volume is still ‘in progress’, however, we are grateful for the opportunity to offer here some interim discussion of reactions to CS, mainly as expressed in the more substantial reviews, but also, occasionally, as conveyed at symposia and in private correspondence and conversation. We have tried to resist the temptation to engage simply in tit-for-tat rejoinder. This is, rather, a contribution to what we hope will be a continuing debate, and it covers only a selection of what strike us as the main issues. The notion of the ‘ essentially contested concept’, invoked in the final paragraph of CS (p. 523), may be old-fashioned philosophy, but shows no sign of losing its applicability to Mediterranean studies.
Appropriation
Authors: Burnett Mark Thornton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first section of this anthology suggested that every edition produces a fresh work out of an existing arrangement; in the same way, it can be argued that every reading, performance or citation creates a wholly new text from a familiar Renaissance utterance. Peter Hulme and William H. Sherman’s collection, ‘ The Tempest’ and Its Travels, is one of a number of recent studies which demonstrate the mobility of a single Shakespearean play from its inception through the Restoration and eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to postmodernity. As the varied and various Tempests described prove, with the reiteration of the text comes an inevitable shift in its meaning, emphasis and orientation, one which entails an acknowledgement not only of the determining power of history but also of the irrecoverability of the earlier juncture. Nor is it only drama that is appropriated; other literary genres continue to be of interest to later periods, while particular authorial figures and even the Renaissance itself have also proved to possess irresistible recasting potential.
Materiality
Authors: Fernie Ewan , Mcmanus Clare 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As this anthology makes clear, recent criticism tends to reject abstractions and general ideas such as ‘the human condition’ or ‘the Great Chain of Being’. Instead, perhaps influenced by new scientific and medical understandings of the human body and the physical world in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, critics have turned towards materiality and the detailed and changing world of concrete bodies, commodities and things. The most obvious example of this approach in current Renaissance studies is the increased awareness of the physicality of the book. As we saw in ‘Textuality’, to think about typefaces, title pages, bindings, and paper simultaneously brings criticism down to earth and explodes the authority of the author and the organic status of the text into the wider material and economic world of which they are a part.
Shakespeare, Middleton, and Fletcher
Authors: Lyne Raphael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As was set out in the Introduction, Shakespeare’s late work is partly collaborative. It also marks the end of a period in which Shakespeare dominated his company, the King’s Men, and the beginning of other ascendancies. In his book The School of Shakespeare David Frost chooses Thomas Middleton as Shakespeare’s true heir, the writer who best represents the continuing legacy of Shakespeare. He does so because in Middleton’s later tragedies, Frost argues, the moral order of Shakespearian tragedy is preserved— that is, action, character, and environment are all infected with sin and disaster.
Refractions of the Third Reich in German and Austrian Fiction and Film
Authors: Paver Chloe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Six decades after the defeat of National Socialism, commemoration and mourning are ongoing, open-ended projects in Germany and Austria, and continue to generate a steady stream of literature and film about the Nazi past that, while comparatively modest in volume, is often disproportionately influential in public debates. At the same time, new museums and memorials are being established all the time in what Andreas Huyssen has called a ‘memory boom’, while what is remembered and how it is remembered is subject to continuous change. Scholars have to keep pace with each new development in this culture of commemoration. Rather than add to the growing body of surveys of literature and film about the Third Reich, this study instead puts scholars’ critical approaches under the microscope. Chloe Paver considers how far the object of the study is not just analysed but also constructed by the scholar’s approach and identifies the criteria by which academics judge the values of works that deal with the Third Reich. This book brings aspects of film, fiction, and memorial culture together in a single study that pays as much attention to images (and in the case of film to sound) as it does to text. The study of film, historical exhibitions, and sites of memory also demands consideration of social contexts and practices. A case study of memory at two of Austria’s sites of terror demonstrates the methods used in the study of memorials and museums and considers the ways in which memory attaches itself to place.
Sound Effects and Language Barriers
Authors: Flughunde Marcel Beyer‘s , Le Roi des Aulnes Michel Tournier‘s , Der Unhold Volker Schlöndorff‘s 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Marcel Beyer‘s Flughunde has been seen as a new departure in Germanlanguage fiction about the Nazi past: written by an author ‘not one, but two stages removed from biographical involvement in National Socialism’, it moves on from questions of guilt, denial, and intergenerational conflict and attempts to recover the voices of the perpetrators that fell silent after 1945.1 And yet Beyer‘s 1995 novel Flughunde has much in common with a novel published twenty-five years earlier by the French author Michel Tournier: Le Roi des Aulnes.2 Set largely in the Third Reich after 1940, both novels give us privileged access to the Nazi élite: Tournier smuggles us into Goering‘s hunting lodge, Beyer into Goebbels‘s family circle and Hitler‘s bunker. Both endow their protagonists with unusual powers of sensory perception, a keen sensitivity to smell in the case of Tournier‘s hero, Abel Tiffauges, and to sound in the case of Hermann Karnau, Beyer‘s protagonist. Both Tiffauges and Karnau are characterized as pacifists in a militaristic society, yet both are drawn by their highly idiosyncratic intellectual systems into association with Nazi race scientists.
Literary Silences in Pascal, Rousseau, and Beckett
Authors: Loevlie Elisabeth Marie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To explore literary silence is to explore the relationships between literary texts and the silence of the ineffable. It is to enquire what dynamics texts develop as they strive to 'say the unsayable', and it is to think literature as a silence that speaks itself. This study describes these literary and silent dynamics through readings of Pascal's Pensées, Rousseau's Rêveries, and Beckett's trilogy Molloy, Malone meurt, and L'Innommable. It contributes to our understanding of three major writers and challenges our idea of what silence is. The subject of silence and of the ineffable has a long philosophical and critical tradition. A careful study of this tradition reveals the dominance of a limiting dualistic understanding of silence and its relationship to noise or language: silence becomes the negative other, the beyond, about which there remains nothing to say. The study of literary silence seeks rather to trace a language that becomes its own silence. It compromises the attempt to think a silence that moves within and through texts, that is inherent to the literary expression. Central to this theoretical endeavour are thinkers like Derrida, Deleuze, Gadamer, and Vattimo (among several others). The theoretical understanding of silence permits an effective methodology for reading literary silence. Notions of repetition, the aporia and the implosion, which are developed in reference to Kierkegaard and Bataille, describe textual strategies of literary silence and structure the readings. Finally, the reading of literary silence has its point of reference in writers like Mallarmé, Blanchot, and Beckett. It is their texts that have taught us to become topological readers, to move in and out of texts' movements; they have shown us how the literary expression is irreducible to linear, meaning oriented language. As readers of such texts we have been prepared to read the dynamics of the unsayable, and finally to start discerning the silences of the literary.
Moving towards Literary Silence
Authors: Loevlie Elisabeth Marie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For the critic to approach and define a concept of silence is to approach a seductive concept. To seduce, from seducere, means to lead astray or to separate from, and my suggestion is that a critical approach to silence can easily be led astray, separated from its original intention. First of all, silence resists empirical observation and description. It cannot be analysed as a thing or an object, it cannot be pointed to or defined. Silence slips away from description: to talk of it is to lose it, or at least to defer it. As such, silence is always just ahead of our critical discourse, seducing us to follow it just one step further in the attempt to catch it, but never there to be caught. Critical discourse about silence lags behind its object of study. The seductive impact of silence is also linked to what might be called its flexibility. Silence, precisely because it is not a definable, graspable thing, is subject to numerous different understandings and can be used in a sufficiently vague manner to make it serve many purposes. It is available for various projections of meaning because no meaning or definition can ‘match’ the notion of silence; it is always already somewhere else.
Literary Silence In Pascal’s Pensées
Authors: Loevlie Elisabeth Marie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most celebrated and most quoted fragments of Pascal’s Pensées resounds with silence: ‘Le silence éternel de ces espaces infinis m’effraie’ (Pascal 1991: 233). At the simplest level, the fragment recognizes the silence of a newly discovered, infinite universe,2 in which man risks further estrangement from God, and from his prelapsarian ‘voice’. But despite this rather straightforward understanding, the fragment has caused various interpretative problems The issue at stake is the unnamed identity of the me of the m’éffraie, that is, of the speaking subject. The question arises as to who is experiencing this fear—surely it cannot be the Christian believer? Is Pascal lending his voice to the libertine? Maybe it is merely a rhetorical move? Paul Valéry, in his ‘Variation surune Pensée’, encounters this frustration and concludes that the experience of fear is certainly not that of a true believer, and hence accuses Pascal of artificially forging identities as part of his apologetic project.