bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory nerves, but not sympathetic nerves, promote reparative dentine formation after dentine injury via CGRP‐mediated angiogenesis: An in vivo study
Authors: Zhan Chaoning , Huang Minchun , Chen Junyang , Lu Yanli , Yang Xiaojun , Hou Jin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimDental pulp is richly innervated by nerve fibres, which are mainly involved in the sensation of pain. Aside from pain sensation, little is known regarding the role of dental innervation in reparative dentine formation. We herein generated a mouse model of experimental dentine injury to examine nerve sprouting within the odontoblast and subodontoblastic layers and investigated the potential effects of this innervation in reparative dentinogenesis.MethodologyMouse tooth cavity model (bur preparation + etching) was established, and then nerve sprouting, angiogenesis and reparative dentinogenesis were determined by histological and immunofluorescent staining at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days postoperatively. We also established the mouse‐denervated molar models to determine the role of sensory and sympathetic nerves in reparative dentinogenesis, respectively. Finally, we applied calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist to analyse the changes in angiogenesis and reparative dentinogenesis.ResultsSequential histological results from dentine‐exposed teeth revealed a significant increase in innervation directly beneath the injured area on the first day after dentine exposure, followed by vascularisation and reparative dentine production at 3 and 7 days, respectively. Intriguingly, abundant type H vessels (CD31+Endomucin+) were present in the innervated area, and their formation precedes the onset of reparative dentine formation. Additionally, we found that sensory denervation led to blunted angiogenesis and impaired dentinogenesis, while sympathetic denervation did not affect dentinogenesis. Moreover, a marked increase in the density of CGRP+ nerve fibres was seen on day 3, which was reduced but remained elevated over the baseline level on day 14, whereas the density of substance P‐positive nerve fibres did not change significantly. CGRP receptor antagonist‐treated mice showed similar results as those with sensory denervation, including impairments in type H angiogenesis, which confirms the importance of CGRP in the formation of type H vessels.ConclusionsDental pulp sensory nerves act as an essential upstream mediator to promote angiogenesis, including the formation of type H vessels, and reparative dentinogenesis. CGRP signalling governs the nerve‐vessel‐reparative dentine network, which is mostly produced by newly dense sensory nerve fibres within the dental pulp.
Echinorhinus brucus (Bonnaterre, 1788) in the Caribbean Sea: A recurrent visitor, or are the artisanal fisheries exploiting deeper waters?
Authors: Ehemann N. R. , Zambrano‐Vizquel L. A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDocumentation of Echinorhinus brucus, (Bonnaterre, 1788) in the western Atlantic primarily relies on chance observations. Georeferenced records in this area remain notably scarce. This study contributes the second Venezuelan and seventh Caribbean Sea specimens, increasing the western Atlantic count to 15 individuals. All specimens gathered here were sexually mature, with a slight dominance of females. Our bramble shark record appears to be driven more by the interplay of its biology and environmental factors than being a deliberate deep‐sea fishery activity, which likely occurs in the Southern Caribbean area.
Energy auditing of a soy‐paneer (tofu) processing unit: A case study
Authors: Sabat Mousumi , Nalawade Rohit D. , Shelake Pramod S. , Jena Prakash C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNowadays, limited energy resources and higher energy prices have increased the importance of energy management. Energy use has also grown over time due to the increased production capacity of food industries in response to the growing demand for high‐quality processed foods. The present investigation studies a small‐scale soy‐paneer processing unit's energy consumption methods and patterns. Energy (both direct and indirect) involved in each unit operation was evaluated, and the scope for increasing energy efficiency was highlighted. The specific energy expenditure in the soy‐paneer‐making process was 10.77 MJ/kg. The unit operation that demands the highest energy requirement was steaming (92.43% of the total energy input), as it was produced through a less efficient burner‐based boiler. As a result, it was advised to switch out the present burner‐based steam‐generating boiler system to a more efficient electrical steam generation system, which would also result in decreased cost and better energy utilization.Practical applicationEnergy auditing of the processing unit aids in assessing energy consumption and proposing measures to reduce energy use and cost. The soy processing sector holds a vital position in producing soy‐derived products. Notably, soy‐paneer stands out as a prominently consumed product within this industry. Energy auditing can play a crucial role in optimizing energy consumption and efficiency in soy processing units.
Consistent predictors of microbial community composition across spatial scales in grasslands reveal low context‐dependency
Authors: Radujković Dajana , Vicca Sara , van Rooyen Margaretha , Wilfahrt Peter , Brown Leslie , Jentsch Anke , Reinhart Kurt O. , Brown Charlotte , De Gruyter Johan , Jurasinski Gerald , Askarizadeh Diana , Bartha Sandor , Beck Ryan , Blenkinsopp Theodore , Cahill James , Campetella Giandiego , Canullo Roberto , Chelli Stefano , Enrico Lucas , Fraser Lauchlan , Hao Xiying , Henry Hugh A. L. , Hohn Maria , Jouri Mohammad Hassan , Koch Marian , Lawrence Lodge Rachael , Li Frank Yonghong , Lord Janice M. , Milligan Patrick , Minggagud Hugjiltu , Palmer Todd , Schröder Birgit , Szabó Gábor , Zhang Tongrui , Zimmermann Zita , Verbruggen Erik 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEnvironmental circumstances shaping soil microbial communities have been studied extensively. However, due to disparate study designs, it has been difficult to resolve whether a globally consistent set of predictors exists, or context‐dependency prevails. Here, we used a network of 18 grassland sites (11 of those containing regional plant productivity gradients) to examine (i) if similar abiotic or biotic factors predict both large‐scale (across sites) and regional‐scale (within sites) patterns in bacterial and fungal community composition, and (ii) if microbial community composition differs consistently at two levels of regional plant productivity (low vs. high). Our results revealed that bacteria were associated with particular soil properties (such as base saturation) and both bacteria and fungi were associated with plant community composition across sites and within the majority of sites. Moreover, a discernible microbial community signal emerged, clearly distinguishing high and low‐productivity soils across different grasslands independent of their location in the world. Hence, regional productivity differences may be typified by characteristic soil microbial communities across the grassland biome. These results could encourage future research aiming to predict the general effects of global changes on soil microbial community composition in grasslands and to discriminate fertile from infertile systems using generally applicable microbial indicators.
Using (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan concentrations in serum to monitor the response of azole therapy in patients with eumycetoma caused by Madurella mycetomatis
Authors: Nyuykonge Bertrand , Siddig Emmanuel E. , Nyaoke Borna A. , Zijlstra Eduard E. , Verbon Annelies , Bakhiet Sahar M. , Fahal Ahmed H. , van de Sande Wendy W. J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroduction(1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan is a panfungal biomarker secreted by many fungi, including Madurella mycetomatis, the main causative agent of eumycetoma. Previously we demonstrated that (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan was present in serum of patients with eumycetoma. However, the use of (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan to monitor treatment responses in patients with eumycetoma has not been evaluated.Materials and MethodsIn this study, we measured (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan concentrations in serum with the WAKO (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan assay in 104 patients with eumycetoma treated with either 400 mg itraconazole daily, or 200 mg or 300 mg fosravuconazole weekly. Serial serum (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan concentrations were measured at seven different timepoints. Any correlation between initial and final (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan concentrations and clinical outcome was evaluated.ResultsThe concentration of (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan was obtained in a total of 654 serum samples. Before treatment, the average (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan concentration was 22.86 pg/mL. During the first 6 months of treatment, this concentration remained stable. (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan concentrations significantly dropped after surgery to 8.56 pg/mL. After treatment was stopped, there was clinical evidence of recurrence in 18 patients. Seven of these 18 patients had a (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan concentration above the 5.5 pg/mL cut‐off value for positivity, while in the remaining 11 patients, (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan concentrations were below the cut‐off value. This resulted in a sensitivity of 38.9% and specificity of 75.0%. A correlation between lesion size and (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan concentration was noted.ConclusionAlthough in general (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan concentrations can be measured in the serum of patients with eumycetoma during treatment, a sharp decrease in β‐glucan concentration was only noted after surgery and not during or after antimicrobial treatment. (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan concentrations were not predictive for recurrence and seem to have no value in determining treatment response to azoles in patients with eumycetoma.
A literature review of evidence for primary prevention of overweight and obesity in healthy weight children and adolescents: A report produced by a working group of the Danish Council on Health and Disease Prevention
Authors: Olsen Nanna J. , Østergaard Jane N. , Bjerregaard Lise G. , Høy Teresa V. , Kierkegaard Lene , Michaelsen Kim F. , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Grønbæk Morten K. , Bruun Jens M. , Heitmann Berit L. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryPrimary prevention targets development of overweight in individuals with healthy weight and is a great challenge. This paper summarizes the main findings of a working group of the Danish Council on Health and Disease Prevention that reviewed the literature on primary prevention of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. The results were presented in a Danish report, in which a 2019 Cochrane review on childhood obesity prevention was complemented by searches in PubMed to include all relevant subsequent studies published from January 2018 until March 2020. In this paper, the review was updated until June 2023. Numerous childhood overweight prevention interventions have been developed during the past decades, primarily targeting diet and/or physical activity. Several of these interventions showed positive effects on diet and physical activity level but did not show effects on risk of developing overweight. The evidence foundation is inconsistent as four out of five interventions did not show positive effects. Previously observed intervention effects may not reflect excessive weight gain prevention among children with healthy weight but rather bodyweight reduction among those with overweight or obesity. We do not have sufficient knowledge about how to prevent children with healthy weight from developing overweight, and creative solutions are urgently needed.
How Do the Morphological Abnormalities of Femoral Head and Neck, Femoral Shaft and Femoral Condyle Affect the Occurrence and Development of Medial Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Qin Shiqi , Li Ming , Jia Yanfeng , Gao Wei , Xu Juncai , Zhang Boxuan , Guo Hailong , Feng Ao , Sun Ran 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveAt present, the main viewpoint is that tibial varus is the main reason of medial knee osteoarthritis (OA), and high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is also the main alignment correction method to correct medial knee OA. In contrast, the impact of the anatomical alignment of the femur on medial knee OA is often overlooked. We evaluated the increased risk for medial knee OA because a varus alignment could be attributed to the anatomical reasons that include hip anatomy, femoral shaft bowing (FSB) and femoral condylar dysplasia.MethodsThe present research adopted a cross‐sectional study method. We selected 62 patients with HTO in the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from June 2021 to March 2022 as the HTO group and 55 healthy volunteers as the control group. Femoral neck‐shaft angle (NSA), lateral FSB, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) and hip‐knee‐ankle (HKA) was radiographically examined within the two groups. The femoral neck length and offset were also measured, and the ratio is represented by the ratio of the femoral neck length to off‐set (N/O). The 2‐tailed Student t‐test was used to compare the differences between groups when the data were in accordance with a normal distribution. Otherwise, the Mann–Whitney U tests was used to compare the differences between groups.ResultCompared to the control group, the HTO group had a higher offset (p < 0.05), greater femoral neck length (p < 0.05), and decreased (more varus) NSA (p < 0.05). The HKA in the HTO group was 172.20 ° (3.50°), which was significantly lower than that of the control group 177.00° (3.05°), (p < 0.001), while the medial OA was associated with more varus HKA. The mean mLDFA was 89.10 ° (2.35°) and 87.50° (2.85°) in the HTO and control groups (p < 0.005), respectively. The mean lateral FSB values of the full‐length radiographs were larger (p < 0.001) in the HTO group (4.24° ± 3.25°) than that in control group (1.16° ± 2.32°).ConclusionThe reduction of NSA (coxa vara) and the increase of the mLDFA can lead to medial knee OA, while the lateral FSB also affects medial OA. We believe that femoral deformity is also one of the cause of the medial knee OA. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the joint deformity of the femur and tibia before surgery in order to determine whether to use HTO alone to correct the lower limb alignment.
The MFSD12 p.Tyr182His common variant is sufficient to alter mouse agouti coat color
Authors: Watkins‐Chow Dawn E. , Incao Arturo A. , Rivas Cecelia , Elliott Gene , Garrett Lisa J. , Pavan William J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMFSD12 functions as a transmembrane protein required for import of cysteine into melanosomes and lysosomes. The MFSD12 locus has been associated with phenotypic variation in skin color across African, Latin American, and East Asian populations. The frequency of a particular MFSD12 coding variant, rs2240751 (MAF = 0.08), has been reported to correlate with solar radiation and occur at highest frequency in Peruvian (PEL MAF = 0.48) and Han Chinese (CHB MAF = 0.40) populations, suggesting it could be causative for associated phenotypic variation in skin color. We have generated a mouse knock‐in allele, Mfsd12Y182H, to model the human missense p.Tyr182His human variant. We demonstrate that the variant transcript is stably expressed and that agouti mice homozygote for the variant allele are viable with an altered coat color. This in vivo data confirms that the MFSD12 p.Tyr182His variant functions as a hypomorphic allele sufficient to alter mammalian pigmentation.
Mongolian micro‐continental blocks in Columbia/Nuna: Zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic evidence for long‐lasting Mongolia–Western Siberia connection
Authors: Collett Stephen , Soejono Igor , Peřestý Vít , Schulmann Karel , Štípská Pavla , Míková Jitka , Novotná Nikol 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Mongolian micro‐continental fragments play an important geodynamic role in the Palaeozoic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. However, the original provenance of individual blocks within the Nuna/Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents is not well constrained. In this work, we present zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopic data from the Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic metamorphosed cover of the Baidrag Block in central Mongolia. These data reveal important maxima in the Neoarchean, Palaeoproterozoic and locally Neoproterozoic. Although the majority of the new data can be attributed to local sources within the basement of the Mongolian micro‐continental fragments, an important contribution of juvenile 2.0 Ga zircons is linked to the western margin of the Siberian Craton, and 1.5 Ga zircons are either directly derived from North Australia or indirectly recycled from sediments in NW Laurentia.
Differences in the characteristics of people who purchase pesticides from shops for self‐harm versus those who use pesticides available in the domestic environment in Sri Lanka
Authors: Weerasinghe Manjula , Jobe Lei , Konradsen Flemming , Eddleston Michael , Pearson Melissa , Jayamanne Shaluka , Hawton Keith , Gunnell David , Agampodi Suneth 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveData from South Asia indicate that for 15%–20% of suicide attempts, pesticides are purchased from shops; otherwise, pesticides are obtained from an individual's house or nearby environment. We aimed to investigate the difference between individuals who directly purchase pesticides from shops for suicide attempts and suicide deaths versus those related to accessing the pesticides from an individual's house or nearby environment.MethodsWe conducted two comparative studies in rural Sri Lanka: (1) non‐fatal shop cases (n = 50) were survivors of self‐poisoning with pesticides who ingested the pesticides after purchasing them from a shop; non‐fatal domestic cases (n = 192) were survivors who accessed pesticides from their house or nearby environment. (2) fatal shop cases (n = 50) were individuals who died after ingesting pesticides they purchased for the act; fatal domestic cases (n = 102) were patients who died after ingesting pesticides they accessed at house or nearby environment. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the characteristics which distinguished between the shop and domestic cases.ResultsData indicate that 20.7% and 32.9% of individuals who used pesticides for suicide attempts and suicide deaths had purchased them from shops, respectively. Being a non‐farmer was the main distinguishing characteristic of shop cases: adjusted odds ratios (AOR) 8.9, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 3.2–24.4 for non‐fatal shop cases, and AOR 4.0, 95% CI 1.5–10.6 for fatal shop cases. Non‐fatal shop cases also had higher suicide intent (AOR 3.0, CI 1.0–8.9), and ingesting an insecticide (AOR 4.8, CI 1.8–1.0–8.9) than non‐fatal domestic cases.ConclusionA high suicide intent of individuals who purchase pesticides for the event explains the high proportion of such fatal cases. Such high suicide intent makes the prevention implications difficult to spell out for those individuals who purchase pesticides for self‐poisoning. However, our findings are valuable for clinicians to assess pesticide poisoning cases in hospitals.
Detection of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in healthy canine tears using Canine Cytokine SpikeMix™ mass spectrometry via multiple reaction monitoring
Authors: Spitznagel Katya M. , Mikeska Railey , Jost Haley , McGrath Stephanie , Mehaffy Carolina , Henriksen Michala de Linde 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of the Canine Cytokine SpikeMix™ and MRM‐MS for detecting pro‐inflammatory cytokines in canine tears from healthy research Beagles.MethodsA complete ophthalmic examination was performed on 15 healthy research Beagles to verify no ophthalmic diseases. Tears were collected OU by placing a Weck‐Cel® cellulose spear in the ventral conjunctival fornix for 1 min. The Weck‐Cel® spear was placed in a 2.0 mL tube with a centrifuge filter forcing tears to flow through the filter into the bottom of the tube. The tears were analyzed using the Canine Cytokine SpikeMix™ and MRM‐MS. Descriptive data from this study was reported as the normalized total peak area (nTPA) and median (range) using data imported from the online MRM‐MS Skyline program.ResultsThe level of 16 pro‐inflammatory cytokines was successfully detected in all 15 dogs. The four cytokines with the highest median amounts in the samples were IL‐2 = 0.1243 (0.019–6.7289), IL‐6 = 0.964 (0.0036–16.9365), TNFα = 0.1644 (0.0096–0.7138), and CSF‐2 = 0.4022 (0.1475–2.6208).ConclusionsThis study revealed that 16 pro‐inflammatory cytokines in canine tears from healthy dogs can be detected with Canine Cytokine SpikeMix™ and MRM‐MS.
Acute Effect of Brace Use on Upper-Extremity Functionality in Adolescent Individuals With Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yilmaz Kamil , Celik Fatih , Unuvar Bayram Sonmez 
Published: October 2023

It is well known that scoliosis adversely affects the functions of the upper extremities. However, the acute effect of rigid braces, which are widely used in the conservative treatment of scoliosis, on upper-extremity functionality remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of a rigid thoracolumbosacral brace use on upper-extremity functionality in individuals with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Thirty-eight individuals diagnosed with AIS participated in this cross-sectional study, with a mean age of 14.55 ± 1.90 years and a range of 10–18 years. The upper-extremity functionality was assessed using the Nine-Hole Peg Test and handgrip strength, with assessments conducted under both in-brace (with their own braces) and out-of-brace conditions. Nine-Hole Peg Test durations of the AIS patients for the nondominant side were significantly lower for in-brace conditions compared with out-of-brace conditions (p = .049, effect size = 0.136). The grip strength of the nondominant side was significantly higher for in-brace conditions compared with out-of-brace conditions (p = .025, effect size = 0.365). A weak negative correlation was found between the degree of curvature and the grip strength of the dominant side for in-brace conditions (r = −.323, p = .048). It was concluded that the brace had a positive effect on upper-extremity functionality on the nondominant side by both shortening the Nine-Hole Peg Test duration and increasing grip strength. In AIS patients, the brace may positively affect daily living by improving the functionality of the nondominant extremity.
mSphere of Influence: Coordinating effective clearance of bacterial bloodstream infections
Authors: Holmes Caitlyn L. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Caitlyn Holmes works in the field of bacterial pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how the papers “Innate Lymphocyte/Ly6C
hi
Monocyte Crosstalk Promotes
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Clearance” by Xiong et al. (H. Xiong, J. W. Keith, D. W. Samilo, R. A. Carter, et al., Cell 165:679–89, 2016,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.03.017
) and “Dual-Track Clearance of Circulating Bacteria Balances Rapid Restoration of Blood Sterility with Induction of Adaptive Immunity” by Broadley et al. (S. P. Broadley, A. Plaumann, R. Coletti, C. Lehmann, et al., Cell Host Microbe 20:36–48, 2016,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2016.05.023
) impacted her research by highlighting the tangled web of immune responses that influence bacterial bloodstream infections.