bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of narrow band imaging versus white light imaging in detecting non muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: RT Raghavendra , Sharma Amit , Biswal Deepak , Goel Saryu 
Published: February 2024

Background: In the present study, we compared Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) and White Light Cystoscopy (WLC) in Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) for detection and its impact on recurrence. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted in the department of Urology at a tertiary institution from August 2021 to April 2023. The main aim was to determine the benefit of addition of NBI during TURBT in NMIBC. All patients with Urinary Bladder Mass (size less than 5 cm on USG/CT) aged >18 years of age planned for TURBT were included. Results: Amongst 63 patients, the mean age was 59.84 ± 11.3 years; 80% were males. Sixty percent of patients had history of Tobacco consumption and Type II DM was the most common comorbidity (59%). Commonest symptom was gross haematuria. Posterior wall was most commonly involved and papillary lesions were commonest. A total of 125 lesions were identified on WLI, with mean 1.98 ± 1.75 and 78 additional lesions were identified only on NBI with mean 1.24 ± 1.63 lesions. Four patients had intra-operative complications. Five patients had recurrence at 6 weeks and eight patients had recurrence at 3 months. NBI had detected more lesions in patients who developed recurrence at 6 weeks and 3 months (mean: 1.41 and 1.43). Conclusion: NBI has additive role in detecting NMIBC lesions missed on WLI. NBI has significant role in preventing recurrence at 3 months and more so by detecting high grade tumours.
Enhancing the moral courage of nurses: A modified Delphi study
Authors: Huang Mingtao , Wei Yitao , Zhao Qianqian , Dong Wenhong , Mo Nan 
Published: February 2024

Background The urgency of ensuring adequate moral courage in clinical nursing practice is evident. However, currently, there are few formal intervention plans targeted at enhancing the moral courage of nurses. Aim To develop a training program for improving the moral courage of nurses using the modified Delphi method. Research design A modified Delphi study. Participants and research context From November to December 2022, a literature review and expert group discussion were conducted to develop a preliminary training plan framework. From January to March 2023, a two-round Delphi survey was performed, and a consensus was reached regarding the plan through online questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Ethical considerations This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee (No. 138, 30 August 2021). All participants provided written informed consent. Results Consensus was reached on eight themes and 33 items to strengthen the moral courage training program for nurses. Conclusions Guided by a unified goal of moral education, a multi-level and acceptable intervention plan was designed to enhance the moral courage of nurses.
Pressure Data from Neonatalie Live Manikin to Determine Appropriate Ventilation During Simulation Training of Undergraduate Students in Neonatal Resuscitation
Authors: Nimbalkar Somashekhar , Sinha Anish , Patel Purvi , Pujara Reshma , Shah Dipti , Patel Jaimin , Sethi Swati , Aradhya Rashmi , Shinde Mayur , Patel Dipen 
Published: February 2024

Background Neonatalie Live (NL) was developed as a part of the Safer Births project with collaboration between Laerdal Global Health and Tanzanian, Norwegian, and international research institutions. Its features allow instructors to determine the time of starting ventilation, the percentage of valid ventilations, etc. NL generated real-time data during the assessment. Aim To evaluate whether undergraduate students trained on Neonatalie and NL manikins had equivalent ventilation skills on NL. Study design Randomized Control Trial. Methods Final-year MBBS students were randomly assigned to Neonatalie (72 students) or NL (71 students) groups after providing written and informed consent and assessed on NL. Live data generated by NL was analyzed. Outcome To assess the success rate at bag and mask ventilation (BMV), as evidenced by objective data from NL. Results A total of 142 students (assessed only on NL) participated in the study before and after four months. Total time from initiation of BMV to spontaneous breathing did not differ significantly between the Neonatalie and NL [127.6 sec (57.4) vs. 115.1 sec (48.3), p = .16]. “Try to ventilate the baby continuously without pauses” was the most common feedback to all students 70 (49.2%), but no statistical significance between the Neonatalie and NL groups [34 (47.2%) vs. 36 (51.43%)] was found. Conclusion Undergraduate students trained on either manikin had similar success at BMV, as evidenced by independent objective data generated from within the manikin.
What contributes to disability in progressive MS? A brain and cervical cord–matched quantitative MRI study
Authors: Tur Carmen , Battiston Marco , Yiannakas Marios C , Collorone Sara , Calvi Alberto , Prados Ferran , Kanber Baris , Grussu Francesco , Ricciardi Antonio , Pajak Patrizia , Martinelli Daniele , Schneider Torben , Ciccarelli Olga , Samson Rebecca S , Wheeler-Kingshott Claudia AM Gandini 
Published: February 2024

Background: We assessed the ability of a brain-and-cord-matched quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) protocol to differentiate patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) from controls, in terms of normal-appearing (NA) tissue abnormalities, and explain disability. Methods: A total of 27 patients and 16 controls were assessed on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), 25-foot timed walk (TWT), 9-hole peg (9HPT) and symbol digit modalities (SDMT) tests. All underwent 3T brain and (C2-C3) cord structural imaging and qMRI (relaxometry, quantitative magnetisation transfer, multi-shell diffusion-weighted imaging), using a fast brain-and-cord–matched protocol with brain-and-cord–unified imaging readouts. Lesion and NA-tissue volumes and qMRI metrics reflecting demyelination and axonal loss were obtained. Random forest analyses identified the most relevant volumetric/qMRI measures to clinical outcomes. Confounder-adjusted linear regression estimated the actual MRI-clinical associations. Results: Several qMRI/volumetric differences between patients and controls were observed ( p < 0.01). Higher NA-deep grey matter quantitative-T1 (EDSS: beta = 7.96, p = 0.006; 9HPT: beta = −0.09, p = 0.004), higher NA-white matter orientation dispersion index (TWT: beta = −3.21, p = 0.005; SDMT: beta = −847.10, p < 0.001), lower whole-cord bound pool fraction (9HPT: beta = 0.79, p = 0.001) and higher NA-cortical grey matter quantitative-T1 (SDMT = −94.31, p < 0.001) emerged as particularly relevant predictors of greater disability. Conclusion: Fast brain-and-cord–matched qMRI protocols are feasible and identify demyelination – combined with other mechanisms – as key for disability accumulation in PMS.
The Development and Potential Applications of an Automated Method for Detecting and Classifying Continuous Glucose Monitoring Patterns
Authors: Shomali Mansur , Liu Shiping , Kumbara Abhimanyu , Iyer Anand , Gao Guodong (Gordon) 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is emerging as a transformative tool for helping people with diabetes self-manage their glucose and supporting clinicians in effective treatment. Unfortunately, many CGM users, and clinicians, find interpreting the large volume of CGM data to be overwhelming and complex. To address this challenge, an efficient, intelligent method for detecting and classifying discernable patterns in CGM data was desired. Methods: We developed an automated artificial intelligence (AI)-driven method to detect and classify different discernable CGM patterns which called “CGM events.” We trained different models using 60 days of CGM data from 27 individuals with diabetes from a publicly available data set and then evaluated model performance using separate test data from the same group. Each event is classified according to clinical significance based on three parameters: (1) glucose category at or near the beginning of the CGM event; (2) a calculated severity score that encompasses both signal shape and temporal characteristics (e.g., how high the CGM curve goes (measured in mg/dL) and how long it stays above target (as established by published consensus guidelines); and (3) the glucose category at or near the end of the event. Results: The system accurately detected and classified events from actual CGM data. This was also validated with expert diabetes clinicians. Conclusions: Advanced pattern recognition methods can be used to detect and classify CGM events of interest and may be used to provide actionable insights and self-management support to CGM users and decision support to the clinicians caring for them.
Coattail effects and turnout: Evidence from a quasi-experiment
Authors: Arenas Andreu 
Published: February 2024

All over the world, a very large number of elections take place concurrently with other elections for representatives in different government tiers. A crucial question for understanding electoral outcomes in those elections is the existence of electoral spillovers or coattail effects. Causal identification of coattail effects is challenging because popularity shocks typically affect parties in both concurrent elections. This paper exploits a quasi-experiment—the ban of a party in only one of the concurrent elections—to estimate coattail effects. The results show that a 1 pp decline in electoral support for a party in a given election reduces its support in the concurrent election by 0.25 pp. This comes along with a decline in turnout of the same size in both elections.
Household Livelihood Strategies and Forest Resource Use in Rural West Bengal, India
Authors: Mukherjee Promita , Ray Biswajit 
Published: February 2024

The economic contributions of forest resources to the well-being of rural households are enormous. However, the level of forest benefits and degree of forest reliance vary across households. Drawing on a sustainable livelihood framework, this article explores how these forest resource uses correlate to the choice of livelihood strategies of rural forest-dependent households with a specific focus on the increased income of households, filling income shortfall, coping with shocks and livelihood diversification. Data were collected from 407 rural forest-dependent households in West Bengal, India. Based on the share of forest income in total household income, households were classified into different livelihood strategy groups. One-way ANOVA was run to test the income differences among these groups. The forest extractive strategy was found least income-generating of all livelihood strategies. Multinomial logit regression was carried out to identify the asset-based explanatory variables that influence livelihood strategy choices and forest dependency of the studied households. Analyses show that households’ differential access to or endowment of livelihood assets determines the choice of a rural household’s livelihood strategy and that forest resource uses of the households are livelihood strategy driven. Asset-poor households should be given opportunities to pursue livelihood activities with higher economic returns. JEL Classifications: Q23, Q56, Q57
Characteristics of Patients With Psoriasis Treated With Various Biologics – A Danish Cohort Study
Authors: Schwarz Christopher Willy , Skov Lone , Egeberg Alexander , Passey Alun , Lee Jennifer , Gorecki Patricia , Loft Nikolai 
Published: February 2024

Background Psoriasis is associated with several comorbidities and patients with psoriasis are more often obese than individuals without psoriasis. The excess disease burden is important to consider in choice of and response to treatment at the individual level. Objective To investigate whether patient characteristics differ across biologics for patients initiating biologic therapy and for patients still on biologic therapy after 1 year. Also, to quantify and compare the use of topical therapy among patients still on biologic therapy after 1 year. Methods This nationwide cohort study compared characteristics of patients prescribed adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, secukinumab or ustekinumab for treatment of psoriasis by using data from the Danish registries. Results In the ustekinumab group, patients were younger and fewer had psoriatic arthritis. Patients treated with secukinumab and ustekinumab were less frequently co-treated with conventional systemics and topical therapy. All other patient characteristics such as sex, smoking and comorbidities other than psoriatic arthritis were similar across the biologic cohorts. Conclusion These results highlight the need to better understand which factors to consider when prescribing biologics to patients with psoriasis.
Lateral Collateral Ligament Reconstruction With Tensionable Loops and Suture Tape Reinforcement
Authors: Dulas Matthew , Lee Cody , Liu Margaret , Athiviraham Aravind 
Published: February 2024

Background: The posterolateral corner (PLC) is an important knee stabilizer that resists varus stress, external tibial rotation, and posterior tibial translation. Untreated PLC injuries have been shown to increase failure rates of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstructions and lead to degenerative changes. Our modified Arciero technique reconstructs the femoral insertion site and functionality of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) and popliteal fibular ligament, components of the PLC, with an internal brace and tensionable loops. Indications: The primary indication for PLC reconstruction is identified PLC injury. Patients often have a feeling of knee instability and a varus thrust gait. PLC injury should be confirmed with imaging. Technique Description: We employed a modified Arciero technique via LCL reconstruction with tensionable loops and internal brace. We used a semitendinosus allograft truncated at 240-millimeters to avoid the graft bottoming out. A suture augment was incorporated into the graft to reinforce the LCL reconstruction construct during graft tensioning and early rehabilitation. The graft construct was then passed through the transfibular tunnel to femoral sockets at the LCL and popliteus insertions. The graft construct is then affixed to the opposite femoral cortex. The graft was then tensioned with the knee in approximately 30° of flexion, neutral to 10° of internal rotation, and a valgus force applied. This restored excellent valgus stability. Results: Fibular and tibiofibular-based constructs are common procedures for PLC reconstruction. Our LCL reconstruction with tensionable loops technique and the Arciero technique are fibular-based constructs. The fibular-based construct and the tibiofibular-based construct have been found to be biomechanically equivalent at restoring knee stability. However, fibular-based constructs, such as our LCL reconstruction with tensionable loops, were found to be less technically demanding than tibiofibular-based constructs, used fewer grafts, and required a smaller surgical approach. Conclusion: Given similar clinical outcomes, it was concluded that fibular-based constructs, such as our modified Arciero technique, may be more advantageous because of the ability to avoid some of the pitfalls of tibiofibular-based constructs. Patient Consent Disclosure Statement: The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Rapid formation of carbon nanotubes–natural rubber films cured with glutaraldehyde for reducing percolation threshold concentration
Authors: Promsung Rawiporn , Chuaybamrung Arthittaya , Georgopoulou Antonia , Clemens Frank , Nakaramontri Yeampon , Johns Jobish , Lehman Nussana , Songtipya Ladawan , Kalkornsurapranee Ekwipoo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) filled natural rubber (NR) composites with various CNT contents at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 phr were prepared by latex mixing method using glutaraldehyde as curing agent. This work aims to improve the electrical and mechanical properties of CNT filled NR vulcanizates. The CNT dispersion of NR composites was clarified using dispersion grader, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The electrical properties of NR composites in the existing of CNT networks were studied by following the well-known percolation theory. It was observed that the NR composites exhibited low percolation threshold at 0.98 phr of CNT. Moreover, a three-dimensional network formation of CNT in the NR composites was observed and it is indicated by the t-value of 1.67. The mechanical properties of NR composites in terms of modulus, tensile strength and hardness properties were increased upon the addition of CNT to the optimum mechanical properties at 1 phr of CNT. Therefore, the present work is found the novelty of the study that the conductive rubber latex film can be produced using GA as low-temperature curing agent which enhanced good electrical properties. Moreover, this work is found to be beneficial in case of conductive rubber latex film that requires high modulus at low strain. The additional advantage of this system is the curing process occurs at low-temperature using GA and it can be easily processed.
Graphical abstract
Effectiveness of DArTseq markers application in genetic diversity and population structure of indigenous chickens in Eastern Province of Rwanda
Authors: Mujyambere Valentin , Adomako Kwaku , Olympio Oscar Simon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The application of biotechnologies which make use of genetic markers in chicken breeding is developing rapidly. Diversity Array Technology (DArT) is one of the current Genotyping-By-Sequencing techniques allowing the discovery of whole genome sequencing. In livestock, DArT has been applied in cattle, sheep, and horses. Currently, there is no study on the application of DArT markers in chickens. The aim was to study the effectiveness of DArTSeq markers in the genetic diversity and population structure of indigenous chickens (IC) and SASSO in the Eastern Province of Rwanda.

Methods
In total 87 blood samples were randomly collected from 37 males and 40 females of indigenous chickens and 10 females of SASSO chickens purposively selected from 5 sites located in two districts of the Eastern Province of Rwanda. Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) using DArTseq technology was employed. This involved the complexity reduction method through digestion of genomic DNA and ligation of barcoded adapters followed by PCR amplification of adapter-ligated fragments.

Results
From 45,677 DArTseq SNPs and 25,444 SilicoDArTs generated, only 8,715 and 6,817 respectively remained for further analysis after quality control. The average call rates observed, 0.99 and 0.98 for DArTseq SNPs and SilicoDArTs respectively were quite similar. The polymorphic information content (PIC) from SilicoDArTs (0.33) was higher than that from DArTseq SNPs (0.22). DArTseq SNPs and SilicoDArTs had 34.4% and 34% of the loci respectively mapped on chromosome 1. DArTseq SNPs revealed distance averages of 0.17 and 0.15 within IC and SASSO chickens respectively while the respective averages observed with SilicoDArTs were 0.42 and 0.36. The average genetic distance between IC and SASSO chickens was moderate for SilicoDArTs (0.120) compared to that of DArTseq SNPs (0.048). The PCoA and population structure clustered the chicken samples into two subpopulations (1 and 2); 1 is composed of IC and 2 by SASSO chickens. An admixture was observed in subpopulation 2 with 12 chickens from subpopulation 1.

Conclusions
The application of DArTseq markers have been proven to be effective and efficient for genetic relationship between IC and separated IC from exotic breed used which indicate their suitability in genomic studies. However, further studies using all chicken genetic resources available and large big sample sizes are required.
Emergence of multidrug-resistant Bacillus spp. derived from animal feed, food and human diarrhea in South-Eastern Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Md Atiqul , Hu Huilong , Liu Jiaqi , Islam Md Aminul , Hossen Foysal , Rahman Md Arifur , Ahmed Firoz , He Cheng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance poses a huge risk to human health worldwide, while Bangladesh is confronting the most severe challenge between the food supply and the huge consumption of antibiotics annually. More importantly, probiotics containing Bacillus spp. are claimed to be an alternative to antimicrobial stewardship programs. However, their antibiotic resistance remains elusive. Thus, we employed the antimicrobial susceptibility test and PCR to assess the prevalence of resistance, including multidrug resistance (MDR) and resito-genotyping of isolated Bacillus spp.

Results
The phenotypic profile showed that Bacillus spp. were 100% sensitive to gentamicin (2 µg/mL), whereas lowered sensitivity to levofloxacin (67.8%, 0.5–1 µg/mL), ciprofloxacin (62.3%, 0.5–1 µg/mL), clindamycin (52.2%, 0.25–0.5 µg/mL), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (37.6%, 0.06 µg/mL), azithromycin (33.4%, 1–2 µg/mL), tetracycline (25.6%, 2–4 µg/mL), nitrofurantoin (21.1%, 16–32 µg/mL), co-trimoxazole (19.2%, 2 µg/mL), and erythromycin (18.8%, 0.25–0.5 µg/mL). The strains were completely resistant to penicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefixime, ceftriaxone, vancomycin, and co-trimoxazole, and a species-specific trend was seen in both phenotypic and genotypic resistance patterns. Genotypic resistance indicated prevalence of the bla1 (71.5%), tetA (33%), erm1 (27%), blaTEM (13.1%), blaCTX-M-1/blaCTX-M-2 /sul1 (10.1%), blaSHV (9.6%), and qnrS (4.1%) genes. The β-lactamase resistance gene bla1 was found in all penicillin-resistant (MIC ≥ 32 µg/mL) Bacillus spp. One hundred ninety-one isolates (89.6%) were MDR, with 100% from diarrhea, 90.3% from food, and 88.7% from animal feed.

Conclusion
Based on the MIC value and profile analysis of antibiotic resistance genes, this is the first study that Bacillus spp. antimicrobial susceptibilities have been identified in Bangladesh, and our study will shed light on the adverse effects of feed-borne Bacillus spp. emerging from animal feed to the food chain. A comprehensive investigation is urgently needed by policymakers on tolerance limits and harmful effects in the animal industry.