bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Dothistroma septosporum conidial dispersal in Colombian Pinus tecunumanii plantations
Authors: Granados G. M. , Rodas C. A. , Vivas M. , Wingfield M. J. , Barnes I. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDothistroma needle blight (DNB) caused by Dothistroma septosporum is one of the most important needle diseases of Pinus spp., especially in Southern Hemisphere plantations. In Colombia, the pathogen has caused severe outbreaks in plantations of Pinus tecunumanii of the low elevation population (LE). Currently, management strategies suffer from a lack of knowledge regarding the epidemiology of D. septosporum under tropical climatic conditions. In this study we determined the patterns of conidial dispersal and considered how climatic conditions in Colombia influence them. The study was conducted over 15 consecutive months between October 2010 and December 2011 using glass slide‐based spore traps. Conidia were found on the traps throughout the year, with the peak abundance during November to January (2010) and November to December (2011). During peak conidial production, relative humidity and temperature had the greatest influence on conidial dispersal. Favourable weather conditions in Colombia, particularly rainfall, have contributed to continuous conidial production throughout the year, leading to D. septosporum infections all year round. This high reproductive rate as a consequence of high precipitation is in contrast to other Southern Hemisphere and Northern Hemisphere countries with more specific periods of rainfall and infection.
Thermal biology of aquatic insects in alpine lakes: Insights from diving beetles
Authors: Carbonell J. A. , Pallarés S. , Velasco J. , Millán A. , Picazo F. , Abellán P. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

High mountain areas are especially vulnerable to global warming, as they experience faster temperature changes than lowlands in a climate change context. Notably, increased temperatures and frequency of extreme flooding and droughts, and the consequent decrease in ice cover and water availability fluctuations, will induce important physical changes in alpine freshwater systems. Thus, assessing thermal limits and exploring overwintering strategies of aquatic alpine insects is pivotal to understanding how aquatic communities of high‐mountain fresh waters will respond to climate change. However, knowledge on these topics is still scarce for aquatic alpine insects.

Here, the thermal biology of adults of five diving beetle species from alpine lakes located in the Sierra Nevada mountain range (southern Iberia) was studied. Cold tolerance was measured estimating the supercooling point (SCP), lower lethal temperature (LLT), tolerance to ice enclosure and to submersion, whereas heat tolerance was assessed from the heat coma temperature and upper lethal temperature.

All of the species survived ice enclosure for 3 h. Furthermore, three of the studied species had SCPs higher than their LLTs, suggesting that they could be freeze‐tolerant. All species except Agabus nevadensis also were tolerant to submersion, which could be a key adaptation for overwintering underwater below the ice cover as adults, reducing risk from freezing conditions in the air. The species did not differ significantly in their upper thermal limits, which were similar to those of other dytiscids from lower altitudes.

Overall, our results suggest that increasing temperatures is not expected to be the most important threat for the water beetle populations in Sierra Nevada, but rather the colonisation of alpine lakes by lowland dytiscids in a warmer climate scenario.
Microbial traits dictate soil necromass accumulation coefficient: A global synthesis
Authors: Han Bingbing , Yao Yanzhong , Wang Yini , Su Xiaoxuan , Ma Lihua , Chen Xinping , Li Zhaolei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThe accumulation of microbial necromass carbon has gained increasing attention due to its slow decomposition. However, it remains unclear what induces the accumulation of microbial necromass carbon via reiterated community turnover on large spatial scales. This study explores the characteristics of soil necromass carbon accumulation in terrestrial ecosystems.LocationGlobal.Time PeriodContemporary (1999–2022).Major Taxa StudiedSoil microorganisms.MethodsA dataset was compiled using 993 observations from 82 peer‐reviewed papers on the effects of coefficients of microbial necromass accumulation (hereafter NAC) in equilibrium. Linear mixed‐effect models and structural equation models were used to ascertain the controlling factors of the NAC.ResultsThe average NAC was higher in croplands (28.2) and forests (26.8) than in grasslands (21.1). Edaphic factors seemingly affected the NAC, which was lower in soils with high pH and clay content on a global scale. Biotic factors, particularly those related to living microorganism abundance and microbial biomass nitrogen content, were the pivotal drivers of NAC and accounted for approximately 43.6% of its geographic variability. More organic carbon was likely to be preserved in soil with a higher NAC, regardless of ecosystem type.ConclusionsNovel findings regarding the overriding controls for the living microorganism abundance and microbial biomass nitrogen that drive the NAC highlight an urgent need for viable strategies to manipulate microbial attributes for enhancing carbon sequestration.
Possibilities of skin coat color‐dependent risks and risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma and deafness of domestic cats inferred via RNA‐seq data
Authors: Awazu Akinori , Takemoto Daigo , Watanabe Kaichi , Sakamoto Naoaki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe transcriptome data of skin cells from domestic cats with brown, orange, and white coats were analyzed using a public database to investigate the possible relationship between coat color‐related gene expression and squamous cell carcinoma risk, as well as the mechanism of deafness in white cats. We found that the ratio of the expression level of genes suppressing squamous cell carcinoma to that of genes promoting squamous cell carcinoma might be considerably lower than the theoretical estimation in skin cells with orange and white coats in white‐spotted cat. We also found the possibility of the frequent production of KIT lacking the first exon (d1KIT) in skin cells with white coats, and d1KIT production exhibited a substantial negative correlation with the expression of SOX10, which is essential for melanocyte formation and adjustment of hearing function. Additionally, the production of d1KIT was expected to be due to the insulating activity of the feline endogenous retrovirus 1 (FERV1) LTR in the first intron of KIT by its CTCF binding sequence repeat. These results contribute to basic veterinary research to understand the relationship between cat skin coat and disease risk, as well as the underlying mechanism.
Evaluating therapeutic benefits of ubrogepant via latent class models: A post hoc exploratory analysis of the ACHIEVE I and ACHIEVE II trials
Authors: Iaconangelo Charlie J. , Serrano Daniel , Adams Aubrey Manack , Trugman Joel M. , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate an alternative method of defining acute treatment success in migraine by combining multiple indicators into a single dichotomous measure of success.BackgroundMigraine is characterized by a symptom complex; combining these features as a single endpoint may improve the measurement of treatment effects and better predict patient satisfaction with treatment.MethodsWe used a confirmatory latent class model (LCM) with two latent classes interpreted as treatment success and treatment failure. Pooled data for placebo and ubrogepant 50 mg from the ACHIEVE I and ACHIEVE II trials and data for ubrogepant 100 mg from ACHIEVE I were used. LCM inputs included pre‐dose and 2‐h post‐dose measures of pain severity (0–3), the presence/absence of associated symptoms (nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia [0 or 1]), and functional disability (0–3). All definitions were validated against satisfaction with study medication (SWSM) at 24 h post‐dose; results were compared with 2‐hour pain freedom (2hPF).ResultsThis pooled analysis included 2247 participants. At 2 h post‐dose in the ubrogepant 50 and 100 mg dose groups, 53.2% (472/887) and 54.9% (246/448) of participants, respectively, were classified as achieving treatment success using the LCM‐based approach, compared to 39.0% (356/912) of participants in the placebo group. The results for treatment success using the 2hPF endpoint were 20.7% (184/887) and 21.5% (96/447) in the ubrogepant 50 and 100 mg dose groups, respectively, compared to 12.7% (116/912) for placebo. Using 24‐h SWSM as an external validator, the LCM approach sensitivity and correct classification rates were higher than for 2hPF.ConclusionThe LCM approach led to higher rates of treatment success and greater separation between ubrogepant and placebo and was a more sensitive predictor of treatment satisfaction than the regulatory endpoint of 2hPF.
InternationalAIDSsociety conference 2023 summary
Authors: Waters Laura , Hassan Wada Yusuf , Barber Tristan J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThis article summarizes key research presented at the International AIDS Society (IAS) Conference in Brisbane, held in July 2023.Co‐morbiditiesThe REPRIEVE Trial as a conference highlight, demonstrating significantly fewer major cardiovascular events amongst people with HIV who were randomized to pitavastatin compared to placebo. Key data on weight, hypertension and incident diabetes are also summarized.Antiretroviral therapyNovel data on doravirine and islatravir are described as are trials demonstrating efficacy dolutegravir/lamivudine first‐line in people without baseline resistance testing and in suppressed switch amongst people with historic lamivudine resistance.HIV CureThe sixth case of HIV cure secondary to stem cell transplantation is summarized, as are new insights into the central nervous system as an HIV reservoir.
Effects of different edible oils on in vitro starch digestibility and physical properties of rice starch and rice flour
Authors: Pinyo Jukkrapong , Wongsagonsup Rungtiwa , Panthong Natrapee , Kantiwong Pimploy , Huang Qiang , Tangsrianugul Nuttinee , Suphantharika Manop 
Published: October 2023

SummaryAmylose has the ability to form inclusion complexes with lipids and is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. This research aimed to explore the impacts of different healthy edible oils, i.e., coconut oil (CO), rice bran oil (RO), palm oil (PO), and soybean oil (SO) on the in vitro starch digestibility and physical properties of rice starch and rice flour. Each edible oil (10% w/w) was transferred to rice starch and rice flour and cooked at 95 °C for 8 min. The contents of rapidly digestible starch and resistant starch in both cooked rice starch and rice flour were reduced and increased, respectively, by the addition of all edible oils, especially the CO and PO. The cooked rice starch and rice flour with added CO and PO had higher melting temperatures and dissociation enthalpies of the amylose‐lipid complex (ALC) and V‐type crystalline order than those with RO and SO inclusion. The results suggest that the high amounts of saturated fatty acids in CO and PO favour the formation of stable ALC, which limits the starch digestibility of cooked rice starch and rice flour. ALC products could be used as an alternative functional food ingredient to improve our health.
Incidental central pulmonary emboli in outpatients with deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Troupis Christopher J. , Berman Jordan S. , Hammerschlag Gary , Upton Anthony J. , Rhodes Alexander N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile it has been demonstrated that large asymptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) can occur, many studies have assessed inpatients or patients with known risk factors for venous thromboembolism (such as malignancy). There are few data regarding incidental PE in outpatients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or assessing whether these emboli occur centrally or peripherally in the pulmonary arteries.AimsTo determine the rates of incidental central and peripheral PE in outpatients with proximal and distal DVT.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross‐sectional study of 120 patients attending our community imaging clinic between January 2015 and March 2020, with ultrasound‐confirmed lower limb DVT, and subsequent computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) within 24 h. Exclusion criteria were symptoms indicative of PE. Imaging reports were retrospectively reviewed to record the proximity of DVT and the location of any PE as either central (pulmonary trunk or main pulmonary arteries) or peripheral (lobar, segmental or subsegmental pulmonary arteries).ResultsIncidental PE occurred in 71 patients (59.2%), with a rate of 77.5% in proximal and 50.0% in distal DVT. Sixteen patients had central PE (13.3% of all patients with DVT; 22.5% of all patients with PE). Two patients (both with proximal DVT) had PE in the pulmonary trunk.ConclusionsIncidental PE occur frequently in outpatients with lower limb DVT, including the possibility of asymptomatic central emboli. Further studies with larger patient cohorts would be useful to assess the utility of baseline chest imaging in outpatients with DVT.
Significant use of non‐evidence‐based therapeutics in a cohort of Australian fibromyalgia patients
Authors: Warren Zachary , Guymer Emma , Mezhov Veronica , Littlejohn Geoffrey 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundFibromyalgia is a common condition characterised by chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain and central sensitivity features. Appropriate management requires a multidisciplinary approach prioritising non‐pharmacological strategies. Evidence‐based fibromyalgia medications are not always easily available, effective or tolerated.AimTo characterise actual medication usage in Australian fibromyalgia patients.MethodsDemographic and clinical data, including medication use information, were gathered by chart review from patients attending the Monash Fibromyalgia Clinic between January 2019 and June 2022. Eligible patients were invited to complete an anonymous questionnaire between June and August 2022 to assess current therapeutic use. The questionnaire assessed fibromyalgia clinical features by using the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and the 2016 modified American College of Rheumatology Fibromyalgia criteria.ResultsThe chart review included 474 patients, and 108 participants completed the questionnaire. Most chart review (78.7%) and questionnaire participants (85.2%) reported using at least one medication for their fibromyalgia. 48.5% of chart review patients and 58.3% of questionnaire participants reported using at least one evidence‐based medication, usually amitriptyline, duloxetine or pregabalin. However, the most common individual medications for questionnaire participants were non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (48.2%), paracetamol (59.3%) and opioids (34.3%), with most opioids being typical opioids. Among questionnaire participants, 14.8% reported using cannabinoids, and 70.4% reported using at least one supplement, vitamin or herbal/naturopathic preparation. Not all medication or substance use was recorded during clinic appointments.ConclusionFibromyalgia patients engage in various pharmacotherapeutic strategies that are not always evidence‐based or disclosed to their treating clinicians.
Patient‐reported outcomes and their predictors 2 years after burn injury: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Yan qiong , Wu Zhi hui , Chen Xiao juan , Ma Hong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to describe patient‐reported outcomes 2 years after burn injury and to comprehensively elucidate predictors that may influence these outcomes. This cross‐sectional, prospective study included 352 patients who were admitted to the Department of Burn Surgery at a tertiary teaching hospital between January 2017 and December 2020. We collected demographic and disease‐related data and instructed participants to complete the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (RHDS) and the Burn Specific Health Scale‐Brief (BSHS‐B) questionnaire. The overall score of patient‐reported outcomes 2 years after burn injury was 126.55 ± 33.32 points, and the dimensions with the lowest scores were “hand function” (13.96 ± 5.75), “heat sensitivity” (14.84 ± 4.90), “treatment regimens” (13.41 ± 6.77) and “work” (11.30 ± 4.97). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that less postburn pruritus, better readiness for hospital discharge, less total body surface area (TBSA), better social participation, white‐collar jobs, older age, better sleep quality and burns not caused by electricity were associated with better outcomes. Patients experienced poor patient‐reported outcomes 2 years after burn injury. Integrated rehabilitative care is necessary to address patients' unique needs and improve long‐term patient‐reported outcomes.
Stronger latitudinal phylogenetic patterns in woody angiosperm assemblages with higher dispersal abilities in China
Authors: Jin Lu , Liu Jia‐Jia , Li Qiao‐Ming , Lin Lu‐Xiang , Shao Xiao‐Na , Xiao Tian‐Wen , Li Bu‐Hang , Mi Xiang‐Cheng , Ren Hai‐Bao , Zhu Yan , Qiao Xiu‐Juan , Lian Ju‐Yu , Wang Xu‐Gao , Du Hu , Jin Guang‐Ze , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Hao Gang , Ge Xue‐Jun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThe equator‐to‐poles decline in the number of species, namely the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), is the most conspicuous pattern in biology, yet the underlying mechanisms of this pattern remain controversial. Species dispersal could have strong effects on large‐scale species distributions but has rarely been considered in understanding the LDG. Here we sought to examine how dispersal ability may influence the latitudinal phylogenetic patterns of woody angiosperm assemblages.LocationChina.TaxonWoody angiosperms.MethodsBased on a highly supported mega‐phylogeny constructed from plastid genomes, we assessed the patterns of phylogenetic relatedness and dissimilarity of 1184 trees with three different seed dispersal modes (i.e. zoochory, anemochory and autochory) in 12 permanent forest dynamic plots covering tropical, subtropical and temperate zones in China.ResultsWe found that, compared with zoochorous and anemochorous species, the less vagile autochorous trees exhibited a much weaker latitudinal pattern in phylogenetic relatedness and higher phylogenetic dissimilarity among plots. The phylogenetic dissimilarity pattern of autochorous trees was explained more by geographic distance than environmental factors, consistent with a dominant role for dispersal limitation.Main ConclusionsOur study, for the first time, demonstrates that seed dispersal mode strongly influences the latitudinal phylogenetic patterns of woody angiosperm assemblages in China and highlights the importance of interaction between dispersal limitation and environmental filtering in determining the large‐scale distribution of forest biodiversity.
Digital re‐attributional feedback in high school mathematics education and its effect on motivation and achievement
Authors: Whalen Katharina Alexandra , Renkl Alexander , Eitel Alexander , Glogger‐Frey Inga 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudents often show unfavourable attribution: they attribute poor school performance to stable factors such as lack of ability and good school performance to variable factors such as effort. However, attribution can be influenced by individualized digital re‐attributional feedback leading to positive motivational effects and higher learning outcomes. This is very promising, but it still is unclear, whether this digital re‐attributional feedback can also be successfully integrated in everyday classroom activities.ObjectivesThe present field experiment investigated how integrating digital re‐attributional feedback into classroom instruction affects student attribution, motivation and learning outcomes.MethodsIn the experiment, 8th–10th grade high school students (N = 322) worked with a digital mathematics learning program which was integrated in a three‐week teaching unit. Half the students in each classroom received only standard feedback after each practice task (SF group); the other half received additionally an individual re‐attributional feedback (RF group) after every third task. Attribution, mathematics self‐concept, and self‐efficacy were measured by an online questionnaire twice a week; learning outcomes in mathematics were measured weekly.Results and ConclusionHierarchical analyses showed that re‐attributional feedback led to a more favourable attribution in case of success on stable factors. Especially low‐performing students benefited from this feedback. No effects on attribution in case of failure, self‐efficacy or learning outcomes could be found. Further research could investigate if certain adaptations to the digital re‐attributional feedback is more effective in a real classroom setting and has a broader impact on different students.
Using game‐based learning and online flipped classrooms with degree apprenticeship students
Authors: Dermentzi Eleni 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundDegree apprenticeships (DA) help employees gain new knowledge and skills by allowing them to study towards a university degree while working full time. For these programmes to be effective, the learning design should be adapted to the needs of these students, who are goal oriented (i.e. they want to gain only knowledge that can be applied within their workplace), have limited time for studying, and usually have not attended formal education for some time. As these programmes are relatively new, there is limited research on how these students can be supported to achieve the programmes' learning goals by using information and communication technologies.ObjectivesThis paper aims to understand whether a learning design that combines game‐based learning with online flipped classrooms can engage DA students in their learning and help them develop their reflective skills.MethodsTwo focus groups were conducted with DA students that study at a UK Business School towards gaining the Chartered Manager status. The focus groups recordings have been analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.Results and ConclusionsThe three main themes, “change can be helpful and challenging at the same time”, “the ideal game”, and “the effect of others”, show that DA students find game‐based learning and online flipped classrooms useful, with the right support. Simulation games can be more fulfilling to DA students than quiz games, even if they take more of their out‐of‐class time. In addition, instructors are advised to work more closely with diverse teams to enable students share their work experiences and learn from each other.