bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The conditions of collective action for local commons management: the case of irrigation in the Philippines
Authors: Fujiie Masako , Hayami Yujiro , Kikuchi Masao 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe examine factors affecting the success and failure of collective action toward the management of local commons. Using cross‐section survey data on the activities of irrigators' associations in the Philippines, regression analysis is conducted to identify factors underlying the success and failure in farmers' organizing collective action for the maintenance and operation of irrigation systems. We find that collective action is difficult to organize where (a) water supply is uniformly abundant; (b) water supply is greatly different between upper and lower streams in lateral; (c) the size of the association is large; (d) population density is low; (e) the share of nonfarm households is high; and (f) the history of irrigated farming is short. Our findings suggest that these difficulties can be overcome with adequate supports of state agencies to promote community‐level cooperation.
The role of agricultural entrepreneurship in Dutch agriculture of today
Authors: De Lauwere C. C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIt is thought that agricultural entrepreneurs have an important role to play in Dutch agriculture. They are currently being confronted with drastic changes and it is open to question whether or not they are willing and able to deal with such changes. A telephone survey was carried out in order to find an answer to this question. The data presented here are based on the answers from 752 farmers. The questions to be answered were: (1) Which strategies do agricultural entrepreneurs choose to keep up with business demands? (2) Which personal characteristics are related to these choices and to successful agricultural entrepreneurship in general? (3) Do agricultural entrepreneurs in the Netherlands meet the demands of “real” entrepreneurship according to economic theories? Agricultural entrepreneurship was conceptualized into the strategic orientations, social orientation, growth orientation, and financial conservatism. The data showed that five different types of farmers could be distinguished on the basis of their preferences for different strategic orientations. Social farmers had especially high scores for social orientation, traditional growers for growth orientation, prudent farmers for financial conservatism, new growers for both social orientation and growth orientation, and indecisive farmers for all strategic orientations. The latter group was eliminated from the data because farmers in this group had the highest scores for almost all items of the questionnaire, whether or not these concerned positive or negative aspects of entrepreneurship. Moreover, they gave contradictory answers to comparable questions. Based on future expectations and family income, it was concluded that social farmers and new growers were more successful than other farmers. According to economic theories, they also seemed to meet the “demands” of “real” entrepreneurship better than other farmers because they can be called “movers of the market,”“innovators,” and/or “discoverers of profit opportunities.” New growers and social farmers were also distinguishable from the other groups of farmers by their personal characteristics. In general, it could be concluded that positive personal characteristics (self‐criticism, leadership, creativity, perseverance, and initiative) affected agricultural entrepreneurship positively, and negative personal characteristics (love of ease and passivity) affected it negatively.
Empirical measurement of credit rationing in agriculture: a methodological survey
Authors: Petrick Martin 
Published: August 2005

AbstractEmpirical analysis of rural credit market failure has been of key scientific and political interest in recent years. The aim of this article is to give an overview of the various methods for measuring credit rationing that are employed in the literature. Furthermore, the methods are subjected to a comparative evaluation of their specific strengths or shortcomings. Six approaches are distinguished: measurement of loan transaction costs, analysis of qualitative information collected in interviews, analysis of quantitative information collected in interviews using the credit limit concept, analysis of spill‐over effects with regard to secondary credit sources, econometric household modeling, and the econometric analysis of dynamic investment decisions. An explicit comparison with a first‐best solution is impossible in the first three approaches, since they essentially rely on a subjective assessment of borrowers' access to credit, based on qualitative or quantitative indicators. The fifth and sixth approaches allow a rigorous interpretation in the framework of neoclassical equilibrium theory. The fourth approach takes an intermediate position, since spill‐over on segmented loan markets reveals a willingness to pay with regard to the supposedly less expensive but rationed primary source. The approaches are fairly data demanding in general, usually requiring specific data on loan transactions. Even so, most approaches are applicable to cross‐sectional household data. With the exception of the first, all methods surveyed might plausibly be used to empirically detect credit rationing.
Intertemporal analysis of employment decisions on agricultural holdings in Slovenia
Authors: Juvančič Luka , Erjavec Emil 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe article attempts to quantify determinants influencing the dynamics of employment decisions on agricultural holdings in Slovenia and to test specific aspects of labor reallocation during the transition period by the application of an agricultural household model. Through the use of a 1991–2000 longitudinal data set for 22,055 farm households, quantitative analysis of intertemporal employment decisions by farm holders is carried out using probit techniques. The determinants tested relate to the personal characteristics of farm holders (gender, age, education level, and potential off‐farm income), household characteristics (size, structure), characteristics of the agricultural holding (economic size, labor intensity), and local labor market conditions. The model results generally confirm existing empirical evidence on asymmetrical and irreversible participation of holders on the labor market. Despite intensive restructuring of agriculture and profound changes in the nonfarm labor market in the analyzed period, labor supply of farm holders remains rigid. The mobility of labor supply is lower than expected, which can be attributed to the importance of structural problems constraining intersectoral mobility. Low labor mobility reduces the efficiency of labor allocation on agricultural holdings in Slovenia. Elements of this problem emerge on both supply (e.g., low level of educational and professional attainment of reference persons) and demand sides of the labor market (e.g., unfavorable local labor market conditions). A marked tendency toward maintaining the same employment status is more distinct in the case of holders employed on‐farm only.
Exploring the benefits of user education: a review of three case studies
Authors: Murphy Jeannette , Adams Anne 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper builds on Leslie Morton's vision of enabling users through education and training. It describes three different approaches to mediated training for medical students and clinicians provided by peers, juniors (i.e. medical students) and information specialists (i.e. clinical librarians) and considers the benefits to the participants. The training was provided either on a one‐to‐one basis or within teams in their work environments (e.g. offices, wards, team meetings). The first two projects (peer tutoring and reverse mentoring) suggest that contextualized training, using intermediaries, provides the direct benefit of cost‐effective IT skill development and the indirect benefits deriving from the interactions between the trainers and the target groups. The third project, the outreach librarian study, provides evidence of both direct benefits (i.e. time saved, quality of service, skills acquired, financial savings and improved evidence‐based medicine implementation) and indirect, long‐term benefits relating to more social issues (e.g. perceptions of the library, clinical teams, job satisfaction and patient interactions). The general conclusion to emerge from this review of case studies is that the concept of educational benefits is very broad and that empirical studies need to look at both obvious and less obvious benefits.
medline in the UK: pioneering the past, present and future
Authors: Pritchard Steve J. , Weightman Alison L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis article provides a brief history of the development of the medline database and its huge impact within the UK, from its inception to the present time. The origins of medline can be traced back to a collection of books in the US Surgeon General's Office during the American Civil War and John Shaw Billings’ decision, during 1867, to make this Library as complete as possible. From these beginnings, Index Medicus was developed in the early years of the 20th century, and electronic versions of the database began with the computerized on‐demand search service MEDLARS in 1964 and then via CD‐ROM and Internet Grateful Med to the web‐based and free‐to‐all service, PubMed, in 1997. The response to PubMed was immediate and startling with usage increasing from 7 million searches per annum in 1996 to 400 million searches per annum in 2001 and the service continues to improve. medline providers are now offering mapping of natural language queries to the sophisticated indexing vocabulary (Medical Subject Headings, MeSH) and the provision of specific filters for different types of publication to improve searching efficiency, as well as links to full‐text versions of the papers where available. The next steps are likely to involve an increased blurring of database and full‐text boundaries, incorporating seamless access to the best available evidence within medline and a wide range of other information resources within a single search and to an increasing amount of full‐text via various open‐archive initiatives. As ever, the US National Library of Medicine is in the vanguard of research and further applications of its medline database for users within the UK will be awaited with great interest.
The increasing globalization of health librarianship: a brief survey of international trends and activities
Authors: Madge Bruce , Plutchak T. Scott 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground and purpose:   Throughout his career, Leslie Morton was interested in international developments in health librarianship. In memory of the work he did in this field, the authors examine current developments in international health librarianship and describe some current themes.Procedures:   The authors draw from their combined experience in international activities and the published information available from selected library associations and related organizations.Findings:   Although many of the major health library associations around the world are tackling agendas specific to their own country, issues of international concern are emerging in common. These are grouped around globalization, partnerships and co‐operation, electronic access, especially open access, and working with the developing world in a number of different ways. Of course, the basis of all of these initiatives is to improve the health of the population by providing the best possible access to materials.Conclusions:   Professional associations can provide a useful institutional infrastructure for addressing issues of international interest. Librarians should encourage their associations to develop these international initiatives and to seek out new and innovative ways to work together across international boundaries.
The way we were: health library life seen through the pages of the Medical Library Bulletin of the Thames Regions, 1974–94
Authors: Sawers Caroline 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe Medical Library Bulletin of the Thames Regions reflected the development of health‐service libraries over the 20 years it existed. Originally begun as a practical aid to improving services by encouraging co‐operation, improving communication and giving instructive advice, it charted the work of health‐service librarians and the growth of their services. The articles contained in it covered professional developments and wider political issues as they occurred, and illustrated the extension of the librarians’ knowledge and skills. Leslie Morton, Library Adviser to the British Postgraduate Medical Federation, edited almost every issue, starting at a time when there was little guidance or professional literature available for health‐service librarians.
The professionalization of health librarianship in the UK between 1909 and 1978
Authors: Ferguson Valerie 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMany strands exist within health information work and during the last century librarians in this field identified themselves through special groups or associations. This paper focuses on the key role of the Library Association Medical Section in the professional development of medical librarians in the United Kingdom up to 1978 when it merged with the Library Association Hospital Libraries and Handicapped Readers Group to create the Medical, Health and Welfare Group. Uniting to form a stronger organization, under the ultimate designation of the Health Libraries Group, was part of an evolutionary process. The invention and promotion of co‐operative schemes, networking and educational opportunities for members, the publication of specialized material and the fostering of international relationships during the first three‐quarters of the century are illuminated by personal reminiscences from some of the major participants in the field.
Developing Postoperative Pain Management: Utilising the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) Framework
Authors: Brown Donna , McCormack Brendan 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT Background: The development of acute pain services (APS), education programmes, and protocols assumed an expectation that health care professionals would integrate evidence into everyday practice. However, research evidence into pain management would suggest that this is not the case. Approach: Through a review of the literature, the authors aim to (1) explore the factors that have a significant influence on getting evidence into practice (using the PARIHS model as a guide) and (2) examine the relevance of these factors to postoperative pain practices. Findings: The need to assist clinicians with developing a greater awareness of the competing and complex influences that surround pain management practices is outlined. Recommendations: There is a necessity to adopt a systematic, rigorous, and multidimensional approach to pain management issues, utilising the PARIHS framework as a guide, to improve pain practices. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing 2005; 2(3):131‐141
Performing Subcutaneous Injections: A Literature Review
Authors: Annersten Magdalena , Willman Ania 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTBackground:Persons using daily subcutaneous injections to administer medicine perform them in different ways and thereby increase the risk of skin complications related to the injection. It is often part of nurses' role to administer medicine and educate the patient in injection technique. Course literature in nursing education, commercial patient education pamphlets, and instructional leaflets do not give consistent advice regarding subcutaneous injection technique.Aim:The aim of this review was to identify the scientific foundation for the technical performance of subcutaneous injections. The question to be answered was: How should a subcutaneous injection be administered to achieve the right dose in the right place with minimum complications?Method:The review included a search in three databases, a screening process at abstract level, followed by a quality assessment of included articles. The quality assessment was done independently by two people and followed specific protocols.Result:A total of 38 articles were assessed for quality and covered information on dose, location, and complications of subcutaneous injection. The assessed studies are heterogeneous in design and describe different aspects of the subcutaneous injection technique. Therefore, the scientific foundation for technical performance is weak. However, several studies indicate that the amount of subcutaneous fat and appropriate needle length are of high importance for the drug to reach the target tissue.Conclusion:More research regarding effective subcutaneous injection technique needs to be done.Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing 2005; 2(3):122‐130
Women’s Sexual Concerns: Data Analysis from a Help–Line
Authors: Papaharitou Stamatis , Nakopoulou Evangelia , Kirana Paraskevi , Iraklidou Maria , Athanasiadis Loukas , Hatzichristou Dimitrios 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To report female sexual problems and concerns, as presented by women calling a help–line, and to evaluate women’s help–seeking behavior regarding sexual matters.

Materials and Methods
The study included all telephone calls from women who called for sexual concerns to a help–line dedicated to sexual problems during a 5–year period. During the call, the counselor addresses demographic characteristics of the caller, the sexual problem reported, their sexual function, any previous doctor contacts, coexisting physical and mental health problems, couple’s relationship, and lifestyle factors that may influence sexual function. Data processing employed descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis in order to detect possible associations between categorical variables.

Results
Of a total of 3,523 calls made by women, 2,287 full forms were analyzed, reflecting a response rate of 64.9%. Most women (46.6%) called for problems encountered by their partners, 45.1% called for their own sexual problems, while 5.9% were calling for their children. Only 34.3% of them had already consulted a doctor. The most frequently reported difficulties were achieving orgasm (25.6%), reduced sexual desire (16.9%), and pain during intercourse (6.1%). Women in the 40–49 age group had the higher odds ratios for the sexual problems reported (reduced sexual desire: odds ratio [OR] 5.0; difficulties achieving orgasm: OR 6.3; pain during intercourse: OR 5.8). Both married and single women had high risk of experiencing low levels of sexual desire (40% and 30%, respectively).

Conclusions
Women’s sexual concerns are not devoted to their sexual problems, but also their partner’s and children’s problems. Most frequently reported sexual problems are difficulties in reaching orgasm and reduced sexual desire. However, women are reluctant to seek medical advice on their sexual concerns. There is a need for general practitioners and family doctors to become aware of the possibility of a sexual problem and to be trained on how to manage this at a primary care level.
Sexual Experience of Female Partners of Men with Erectile Dysfunction: The Female Experience of Men’s Attitudes to Life Events and Sexuality (FEMALES) Study
Authors: Fisher William A. , Rosen Raymond C. , Eardley Ian , Sand Michael , Goldstein Irwin 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Much research has explored the experience of erectile dysfunction (ED) among men with ED, but far less attention has been paid to the perceptions and sexual experiences of the female partners of men with ED.

Aim
The objective of this study was to characterize the attitudes, beliefs, and sexual experience of female partners of men with erectile difficulties.

Methods
Female partners of men with ED who had participated in the Men’s Attitudes to Life Events and Sexuality (MALES) study were recruited for this research via mail or Internet, after their male partners consented to this contact. Female partners of men with ED (N=293) responded to questionnaire measures assessing their frequency of sexual activity and the nature of their sexual experience, both before and after the development of their partner’s ED, and in relation to their partner’s use of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors.

Results
Women reported engaging in sexual activity significantly less frequently after their partner developed ED in comparison with before (P&lt;0.001). Moreover, significantly fewer women experienced sexual desire, arousal, or orgasm “almost always” or “most times,” and significantly fewer women reported satisfaction with their sexual relationship after their partner developed ED, compared with before (P&lt;0.001). Decreases in female sexual satisfaction and frequency of orgasm were significantly related to the male partner’s self–reported severity of ED (P&lt;0.01). The proportion of women who experienced sexual desire, arousal, and orgasm “almost always” or “most times” was significantly higher in the group whose partners were currently using a PDE5 inhibitor (P&lt;0.05).

Conclusion
Erectile dysfunction has significant adverse effects on the female partner’s sexual experience. Women with partners who were currently using PDE5 inhibitors had a more satisfying sexual experience than those whose partners did not use a PDE5 inhibitor.
GIS goes nano: Vegetation studies in Victoria Land, Antarctica
Authors: Brabyn Lars , Green Allan , Beard Catherine , Seppelt Rod 
Published: August 2005

Abstract:  Vegetation in Antarctica consists mainly of algae, moss and lichen and is interesting to research because of the isolation and extreme growing conditions. An understanding of this vegetation is important for both the management of tourism in Antarctica, and because it provides a potential barometer of global climate and environmental change. This paper demonstrates two applications of GIS to mapping vegetation in Victoria Land, Antarctica. The first application computes the changes that have occurred to the vegetation within a 120 m by 28 m plot between 1962 and 2004. The second application maps and analyses the growth of a lichen specimen (Buellia frigida) during the same period. These applications demonstrate that GIS is a multiscale technology that can be used to detect detailed change in vegetation growth.
Key Golgi Factors for Structural and Functional Maturation of Bunyamwera Virus
Authors: Novoa Reyes R. , Calderita Gloria , Cabezas Pilar , Elliott Richard M. , Risco Cristina 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

Several complex enveloped viruses assemble in the membranes of the secretory pathway, such as the Golgi apparatus. Among them, bunyaviruses form immature viral particles that change their structure in a
trans
-Golgi-dependent manner. To identify key Golgi factors for viral structural maturation, we have purified and characterized the three viral forms assembled in infected cells, two intracellular intermediates and the extracellular mature virion. The first viral form is a pleomorphic structure with fully endo-β-
N
-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo-H)-sensitive, nonsialylated glycoproteins. The second viral intermediate is a structure with hexagonal and pentagonal contours and partially Endo-H-resistant glycoproteins. Sialic acid is incorporated into the small glycoprotein of this second viral form. Growing the virus in glycosylation-deficient cells confirmed that acquisition of Endo-H resistance but not sialylation is critical for the
trans
-Golgi-dependent structural maturation and release of mature viruses. Conformational changes in viral glycoproteins triggered by changes in sugar composition would then induce the assembly of a compact viral particle of angular contours. These structures would be competent for the second maturation step, taking place during exit from cells, that originates fully infectious virions.