bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aplicación de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en Educación: Los beneficios y limitaciones de la IA percibidos por el profesorado de educación primaria, educación secundaria y educación superior.
Authors: Delgado Nahia , Campo Carrasco Lucía , Sainz de la Maza Martín , Etxabe-Urbieta José María 
Published: January 2024

The aim of this research has been to identify the main benefits and limitations that primary education, secondary education, and higher education teachers perceive regarding the use of artificial intelligence in education. To achieve this, a total of 276 opinions were collected from teachers currently working in educational institutions, who were asked about the benefits and limitations they considered in integrating artificial intelligence in classrooms. The results indicate that, overall, teachers perceive more limitations than benefits in the use of artificial intelligence. Among the most prominent benefits are the facilitation of tasks and access to resources. As for the major perceived limitations, they include inappropriate use and lack of critical review of the results. A correspondence analysis revealed a significant association between certain benefits and limitations based on the educational stage in which the teachers work. Finally, these results reveal a distinct perception among teachers at different stages, which implies a need for differentiated teacher training in the use of artificial intelligence according to the specific requirements of each educational stage.
El objetivo de la presente investigación ha sido conocer cuáles son los principales beneficios y limitaciones que el profesorado de educación primaria, educación secundaria y educación superior detecta en torno al uso de la inteligencia artificial en educación. Para ello, se han recogido un total de 276 opiniones de docentes que ejercen actualmente en centros educativos, a quienes se les preguntó cuáles consideraban que eran los beneficios y las limitaciones de la integración de la inteligencia artificial en las aulas. Los resultados indican que los docentes, en general, observan más limitaciones que beneficios en el uso de la inteligencia artificial. Entre los beneficios más destacados se encuentran la facilitación para la realización de tareas y el acceso a recursos. Entre las mayores limitaciones percibidas, el uso inadecuado y la falta de revisión crítica de los resultados. Tras un análisis de correspondencias se observó una asociación significativa entre algunos beneficios y limitaciones según la etapa educativa del profesorado. Finalmente, estos resultados revelan una percepción distinta por parte del profesorado de distintas etapas, lo que conllevaría a una necesidad de formación del profesorado diferenciada para el uso de la inteligencia artificial según las necesidades que se presentan en cada etapa educativa.
Histomorphometric features of oral tumors in Hyderabad, Pakistan.
Authors: Sajjad Ali Almani  , Safiya Javed  , Raima Kalhoro  , Sehar Khowaja  , Shumaila Khowaja  , Aneera Ashfaq  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Oral cancers (oral cavity cancers) are the eleventh most commonly occurring cancers globally. The annual incidence of oral cancer is around 0.27 million cases while 0.13 million cases of pharyngeal cancers excluding nasopharynx occurring in developing countries. The incidence and mortality caused by these cancers show variability according to the geographic location in which it is diagnosed.
Objectives: To evaluate the histomorphometric features, tumours arising at oral region, among patients in Isra University, Hyderabad.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Isra University Hyderabad between January 2018 to December 2020. Patients; aged 18 or above of either gender; presented with chronic oral ulcer for ≥ 3 months duration, growth or swelling in the oral cavity were included in the study after taking consent. The morphological and histopathological findings of all the tissues after taking biopsy from the lesion were evaluated and finding recorded in a pre-design proforma.
Results: During study period total 143 biopsies performed; 89(62.2%) were male patients while 54(37.8%) were female patients. Most (39.20%) of the patients belongs to age group of 43-52 years. Most commonly involved tumors location was the buccal mucosa/cavity (34.2%) followed by gums and alveolus (25.2%). Biopsy data after histopathological evaluation revealed that majority of patients were suffering from the squamous cell carcinoma (92.3%). Majority (35.0%) of patients were in stage II of TNM staging while half (50.3%) of the patients were in advance stages (stage III and IV).
Conclusion: Buccal mucosa/cavity is the most common anatomical site for oral carcinoma with predominance of middle age group and male. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent oral cancer with majority of patients presented in advance stages (III and IV) and grade (II) of tumor.

Keywords: Buccal mucosa, Oral tumors, Squamous cell carcinoma.
Prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis B among pregnant women.
Authors: Amna Bibi  , Muhammad Ilyas Riaz  , Muhammad Umar Noor  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Globally Hep C virus (HBV) a public health problem account for 2 billion infection and 400 million of them were chronically infected1,2,3. In Pakistan prevalence among general population is 4.3 % with carrier rate 3-5% (7-9 million) 4. The prevalence of HBV among pregnant women 5% (range 0.6% to >20%) worldwide, leading mother to child transmission causing fetal and neonatal hepatitis, attributed for 30% to 50% of chronic carriers.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 140pregnantwomen attended the antenatal clinic of the District hospital of Rahim-Yar-Khan in June-July 2013. Rapid diagnostic tests kits were used to access for HB surface antigen (HBsAg). A face to face interview was carried out by using structured pre-tested questionnaire to obtain demographic and other information.
Results: 16(9.3%) out of 140 pregnant women were found to be positive for HBsAg, higher risk age group was 20-29 years 10(62.5%) , 16(100%) out of 16 infected women and 6(4.83%) out of 124 non-infected women had Negative history of HBV in Husband. Blood transfusion in last pregnancy was 14(87.5%) out of 16 infected women and 52(41.93%) out of 124 non-infected women. 10(62.5%) out of 16 infected women and 5(4.03%) out of 124 non-infected women has passed through dental procedures. Therefore, negative history of HBV in Husband, blood transfusion and dental procedures in last pregnancy were the most prevalent risk factors among infected women. Among the total 124, 76(61.29%) were vaccinated against HBV, while 0(0%) out of 16 infected women were not vaccinated.
Conclusion: Prevalence of the HBV among pregnant women in Rahim-Yar-Khan is of intermediate endemicity (11.4%). Past history of blood transfusion and HBV infected Husband was the most prevalent risk factor. Health education regarding risk factors, preventive measures should be given to pregnant women with the involvement of Lady Health Worker and mass media. Free screening and immunization of pregnant women should be incorporated in antenatal and postnatal program of hospital.
Exploring the Learning Styles of Postgraduates in a Public-Sector University at Karachi
Authors: Syed Imran Mehmood , Mehjabeen Khan  , Munizah Nisar  , Talha Idrees  , Faisal Iqbal Saeed  , Andaleeb Arshad  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Learning styles is a term used to refer to the methods of gathering, processing, interpreting, organizing and thinking about information. Knowledge of the learning styles can be helpful in making teaching and learning process more efficient. Little is mentioned in medical education literature in Pakistan about the learning styles knowledge in deciphering the teaching and learning process.
Objective: To identify the distribution of the learning styles among the postgraduate students and to find ways to improve the way the courses, the practical hours and training are performed.
Methodology: The current study analyses the learning styles of post graduate students of Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi to guide facilitator as well as students in organizing their teaching sessions more efficiently and maximize the utility of educational resources with subsequent improvement in educational process. During Jan 2016 to Dec 2016, this cross-sectional study using Kolb’s learning inventory as the instrument to find out the learning styles was conducted among post-graduates’ students of a public-sector university by using English language versions of Learning Style Inventory (LSI)of 216 post-graduates ‘students.
Results: According to observation and data analysis by Kolb’s learning Styles Inventory most of the postgraduates had their learning style reflector (Diverger). However, some were Theorist (Assimilators) and then very few were Activist (Accommodator) and Pragmatist (Converser) respectively.
Conclusions: Differences in the learning styles and learning approaches have important implications in development of effective medical curricula in post graduate medical education.
Key words: Learning style, Postgraduate students, medical education
Simple clinical parameters to diagnose Malaria in Outpatient Department.
Authors: Sultan Mustafa  , Waseem Jamalvi  , Ibrahim Shakoor  , Sumbal Waheed  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Malaria is the world's most important parasitic infection which poses major health challenges. Best estimates currently describe the annual global burden of malaria as 300-500 million cases and 1-2 million deaths. Traditionally malaria is diagnosed clinically based upon sign symptoms and clinical examination particularly in remote areas where laboratory facilities are not available. However, no universal criteria exist for clinical diagnosis of malaria and presenting features are highly variable region to region. Therefore, we planned to define the simple parameters based on clinical signs and symptoms that predict malaria without laboratory confirmation of parasitemia.
Objective: To determine the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of simple clinical parameters for the diagnosis of malaria without laboratory confirmation of parasitemia.
Methodology: This observational study was carried out at pediatric department of Karachi Medical and Dental college and Abassi Shaheed Hospital Karachi during 15 April 2015 to 15 February 2015. Children between 6 months to 5 years, who presented with short duration of fever (less than 7 days) were included in study. The diagnosis of malaria was confirmed on identification of parasite (Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium falciparum) in blood obtained from finger prick sample for thick and thin film. The patients were divided into two groups (+ve MP cases and -ve MP cases). Focal signs and symptoms, pallor (anemia) and splenomegaly were checked in both groups to assess the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of these simple clinical parameters and co-related with the presence of malaria parasitemia.
Result: Six hundred fifty-seven children were examined. One hundred (15.22%) children out of 657 had malaria confirmed while 84.78% (557 of 657) had illness other than malaria. There were 43 children (43%) with Plasmodium falciparum malaria, 47 children (47%) with Plasmodium vivax malaria and 10 (10%) with mixed infections. Three clinical parameters (No focal features, anemia & splenomegaly) were studied in all febrile patients which were divided into two groups (Malarial parasite +ve and malarial parasite -ve).
Conclusion: Few simple clinical findings can lead to reliable clinical diagnosis of malaria with more logical use of antimalarial drugs in children.
Key words: Malaria, Anemia, Splenomegaly.
To Determine the Frequency of the Common Causes of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding after Colonoscopy
Authors: Muhammad Ahmed  , Nazar Netasha , Khalil Sidra , Syed Abdul Razzaq 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding (LGIB) is defined as bleeding from distal to the ligament of Treitz at the duodeno-jejunal flexure and it accounts for 30-40% of all gastrointestinal bleeding. Although it is less common than the upper gastrointestinal bleeding yet considered as medical and surgical emergency particularly when massive. The leading causes of LGIB are hemorrhoids, rectal ulcers, rectal polyps and colitis; while less frequent causes include ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and diverticulitis. This is apparently in contrast to the western literature where inflammatory bowel diseases and diverticulitis are the common cause of LGIB. Presently Colonoscopy is the diagnostic and therapeutic procedure of choice in LGIB.
Objective: To determine the frequency of the common causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) after Colonoscopic examination in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore.
Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Department of Gastroenterology, Services institute of Medical Sciences Lahore (SIMS) from April 2016 to March 2017.
Results: A total of 277 patients were included in this study, 181(65.34%) were males and 96(34.65%) were females. The average age oi the patients was 45.5 years. Colonoscopy showed abnormal findings in 219 (79.06%) patients. The internal hemorrhoids were the most common cause of LGIB while least common cause of LGIB after Colonoscopic examination was malignant lesions of colon and rectum.
Conclusion: In our study bleeding from internal hemorrhoids was the leading cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding followed by rectal ulcers and polyps.

Keywords: Lower GI Bleeding, Hemorrhoids, Rectal Ulcer, Rectal polyps, Colonoscopy.
Outcome of everted end-to-end urethroplasty in traumatic bulbar and membranous urethra.
Authors: Shah Amit Kumar , Dipesh Shrestha  , Sajid Iqbal  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Numerous options are available for the surgical management of urethral strictures. Everted End-to-end anastomosis is the utmost effective management for bulbar and membranous urethral strictures with a documented high success rate with low postoperative morbidity.
Methodology: This study was conducted at department of Urology, Lahore General hospital, Lahore from May 2012 till May 2014. Total 30 patients were included in the study. Procedure was done by a single surgical team and Uroflowmetry and subjective evaluation was done on 2nd week, 1st month and 4th month and 12th month post operatively.
Results: Mean age of patients was 24.43±12.39 years. Mean stricture length preoperatively was 1.83±0.63 cm. On follow up 50% of patients were in each grade whose subjective grading were 1 and 2 at 2 week post operatively. After 1-month post operatively 76.67% patients had Grade-1 and 6.67% patients had Grade-2. After 1 month follow up 63.34% patients presented with grade-1, 20% with Grade-2 and 6.67% presented with Grade-3. Only 80% of the patients at 4th month and 1-year post operatively presented with grade-1 subjective improvement. 10% of the patients had stricture recurrence at 1-month follow up and another 10% had recurrence at 4 months of follow up.
Conclusion: Everted End-to-end urethroplasty is treatment of choice for short traumatic bulbar and membranous urethral strictures with a high success rate.
Key Words: Urethral Strictures, Everted End-to-end Urethroplasty, Bulbar Urethra, Membranous Urethra
Demography and Histopathological presentations of oral and maxillo-facial region tumours in Jamshoro, Pakistan.
Authors: Munawar Ali Baloch  , Ikramuddin Ujjan  , Mehnaz Munawar  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Oral and Pharyngeal cancers are the sixth most common cancer globally. In developing countries, the annual incidence of oral cancer is around 275,000 cases while 130,300 cases of pharyngeal cancers excluding naso-pharynx. Salivary glands tumors are rare accounting for less than 5 % of tumors of head and neck region. The annual incidence of these tumors is 0.05 to 2 cases per 100,000 populations. Majority (over two third quarters) of salivary gland tumors occurs in the parotid glands of which most of them (2/3rd) of them are benign in nature. While most common parotid gland’s benign tumor is Pleomorphic Adenoma.
Objective: To assess the morphology and histopathological features of oral and maxillo-facial region tumours among the patients in Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro, Sindh.
Methodology: A Cross-sectional study was conducted at Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro. Data was collected regarding socio-demographic features, anatomical location of tumours and relevant history of patients admitted at surgical, medical and ENT units of Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro from January 2016 to January 2018. Histopathological diagnostic record was collected from Research and Diagnostic Laboratory of Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro.
Results: A total of 160 biopsies were collected from surgical, medical and ENT units of Liaquat University Hospital with maximum (43%) of biopsies were from ENT unit. Most (51%) tumours were benign and 37% were malignant in nature. These tumours of oral and maxillo-facial region were mostly (38%) located in parotid region. Histopathological findings of this study revealed that majority (51%) tumours were Pleomorphic adenoma while (20%) of malignant tumours were Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma.
Conclusion: Based on findings of the study, we conclude that the most common anatomical location of oral and faciomaxillary tumours, in either gender, is parotid region. The majority of oral and faciomaxillary tumours were benign; frequently occurring benign tumour was pleomorphic adenoma while most frequent malignant tumour was Muco-epidermoid Carcinoma.

Key Words: Faciomaxillary tumours, Salivary glands, Pleomorphic adenoma.
PODCASTS UTILIZATION THROUGH INSTAGRAM MEDIA IN INCREASING THE MOTIVATION OF THE MILLENNIAL GENERATION IN THE QUARTER LIFE CRISIS PHASE
Authors: Dewi Bekti Nirmala , Apriliani Putri Naya , Rahmawati Raida Ananda 
Published: January 2024

Quarter life crisis is a feeling that arises when an individual reaches a quarter of a century
(towards 25 years), where there is a feeling of fear about the continuation of life in the future,
including career matters, relationships and social life. A person in this crisis experiences a loss of
motivation to live, feels like a failure, loses self-confidence and meaning in life, and even withdraws
from social interactions. Delivering motivation to the millennial generation through podcast media
aims to find out how behavior changes and ways to adapt in phases quarter life crisis. The research
method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, which starts with data collection through
interviews with sources via an application chat audio Whatsapp on October 11 2023, then uploaded
the podcast on the Instagram page and conducted a survey of podcast listeners through likes and
comments on the Instagram post where the podcast was uploaded. Through this research, the results
were obtained from a podcast with the title “How To Deal With Quarter Life Crisis?” This has
received a lot of attention from Instagram users and can be a solution to increase the motivation of
the millennial generation in facing this phase quarter life crisis
Guru dan Media Visual: Upaya dalam Menanamkan Nilai-Nilai Kristen Bagi Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Naibaho Agatha Pebriani M , Daeli Putri Jelita , Destina Selfia Rena  
Published: January 2024

Seiring perubahan zaman yang berkembang dan semakin meningkat, mengharuskan guru untuk dapat meng-upgrade diri agar meningkatkan pengetahuanya pada bidang penggunaan media pembelajaran. Dalam ruang lingkup sekolah, guru yang merupakan sosok tenaga pendidik harus dapat menjadi seorang pendidik yang kreatif dalam melakukan berbagai hal terutama dalam bagian belajar mengajar. Salah satu bentuk kemampuan guru yang kreatif adalah saat guru mampu menyampaikan pemebelajaran kepada peserta didik menggunkan media belajar, misalnya media belajar visual. Tetapi ditemukan bahwa masih banyak guru yang belum menggunakan media belajar sebagai fasilitas guru dalam mengajar dan menyampaikan materi pembelajaran kepada peserta didik. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membantu seorang guru dalam menyampaikan materinya dengan baik kepada peserta didik sehingga target pembelajaran dapat terealisasikan dengan baik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan pustaka. Model pembelajaran visual adalah salah satu strategi pembelajaran yang digunakan oleh seorang guru dalam proses belajar mengajar dengan memanfaatkan alat indra penglihatan yang dimiliki oleh peserta didik supaya dapat terlatih dan berkembang dengan baik. Dengan adanya media dalam pembelajaran maka guru dapat menarik dan memfokuskan perhatian peserta didik terhadap pembelaajaran, dengan contoh media visual dan materi yang disampaikan dapat memenuhi tujuan dari suatu pembelajaran yaitu menanamkan nilai-nilai kristen pada anak usia dini.
Psychology as a Profession
Authors: Benjamin Ludy T. , DeLeon Patrick H. , Freedheim Donald K. , VandenBos Gary R. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe profession of psychology preceded the science of psychology before the term “psychologist” came into use. People have been trying to understand and help others with mental and emotional problems since humans roamed the earth. However, the early applications of the psychological science were begun only in the latter half of the nineteenth century. The applications were first in the fields of business, school, and individual counseling. With World War I, the recognition of the value of psychological measurements of individual capabilities created new opportunities for practitioners in psychology. With the 1920s came a popularization of psychology in the United States and the struggles for professional identity that followed. Professional psychology made great strides in the post‐World War II era. Organized psychology struggled with the role of clinical psychology and the appropriate training for practicing psychologists. The significant Colorado conference of 1949 set the pattern for training clinicians as both scientists and practitioners. In the last 50 years the profession has grown tremendously, with accompanying publications and other communications aiding the professional to keep up with the latest developments in the field. Battles between psychiatry and psychology for turf in the areas of psychotherapy, third‐party reimbursement, and more recently the prescription of psychotropic medication have characterized the widening areas of practice for psychologists. As we move into the twenty‐first century, the opportunities for professional psychologists are as challenging as they are multivaried.