bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PREGNANCY IN THE OVERWEIGHT NIGERIAN
Authors: Efiong E. I. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOne hundred pregnant patients weighing 80 kg or over at the 14th week of pregnancy were studied during their antenatal period and delivery. The incidence of pre‐eclampsia, hypertension, pyelitis of pregnancy and operative delivery was higher in overweight patients than in an equivalent number of patients of average weight also studied. The age‐related difference in antenatal weight gain in obese patients was confirmed. Two maternal deaths occurred among the overweight patients.
MATERNAL SERUM SIALOMUCINS DURING PREGNANCY AND POSTPARTUM IN PATIENTS WITH PRE‐ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Good W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe seromucoid fraction of maternal serum glycoproteins is increased in pre‐eclampsia and the rise, which is proportional to the severity of the disease, may reflect progressive placental deterioration with increasing trophoblast fragmentation and deportation. The pulmonary lysis of deported trophoblast effects the local release of fetal antigens and thromboplastin in the lungs. The former, which are immunologically inert because they are complexed with maternal serum seromucoid, are released into the peripheral circulation, while the local coagulation hazard presented by the latter is countered by intensified fibrinolytic activity, the products of which are also released into the peripheral circulation. In severe pre‐eclampsia the peripheral circulation contains a considerable excess of physically similar proteins derived from the seromucoid fraction and fibrin degradation products, and the conditions which then obtain in the renal glomerulus favour the physical process of coacervation. In that event the mechanism of the origin and development of the renal lesion can be described in purely physical terms.
VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS AND THE ROLE OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT AS A SOURCE OF INFECTION
Authors: Hilton A. L. , Warnock D. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOf 300 female patients seen in a Venereal Diseases clinic, 84 (28. 0 per cent) were found to be harbouring Candida albicans or C. parapsilosis in the genital tract and 33 per cent of these patients had clinical signs of vulvovaginitis. Of the 84 patients, 71.4 per cent harboured yeasts in the ano‐rectal tract; of the remaining 216 patients, 25. 9 per cent harboured yeasts in the ano‐rectal tract. There was no evidence to suggest that the incidence of yeasts in the mouth, ano‐rectal or genital tracts changed with age or use of oral contraception.
HYPOTHALMIC‐PITUITARY RELATIONSHIPS IN THE POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME SERUM GONADOTROPHIN LEVELS FOLLOWING INJECTION OF OESTRADIOL BENZOATE
Authors: Shaw R. W. , Duignan N. M. , Butt W. R. , Edwards R. Logan , London D. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryInjection of oestradiol benzoate was found to elicit a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) in 15 of 19 patients with polycystic ovary (PCO) syndrome; follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was also released, in conjunction with the LH surge, in eight patients. It is concluded that the oestrogen feedback mechanisms controlling mid‐cycle gonadotrophin release are functioning normally in the majority of patients with PCO syndrome. Ovulation was subsequently induced by clomiphene alone in those patients who had an LH surge, and by a combination of clomiphene and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in those who had not shown any LH release.
CIRCULATING LEVELS OF FIBRIN/FIBRINOGEN DEGRADATION FRAGMENT E IN NORMAL PREGNANCY, AND IN ASSOCIATION WITH INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION AND PERINATAL ASPHYXIA
Authors: Gordon Y. B. , Ratky S. M. , Sola C. M. , Lewis J. , Baker L. R. I. , Chard T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryLevels of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products have been measured by aspecific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for degradation fragment E (FgE) in pregnant patients. Maternal FgE levels rose from the 16th week reaching a plateau at the 36th week in normal pregnancy. There was no correlation between maternal FgE levels and maternal age, parity or the occurrence of perinatal asphyxia. A minority of patients (5 percent) with evidence of intrauterine growth retardation showed prolonged elevation of FgE levels.
ENDOMETRIAL WASHINGS HISTOLOGICAL AND CYTOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF MATERIAL OBTAINED WITH AN INTRAUTERINE JET WASHING DEVICE
Authors: Henderson Simon R. , Roxburgh David R. , Bobrow Lynda G. , Pollard Stella M. , Greening† Shirley E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe histological and cytological assessment of material obtained with an intrauterine jet washing device from 138 patients with postmenopausal bleeding, abnormal premenopausal bleeding or infertility is presented. In the first part of the study 55 washings were examined by histological techniques and the findings compared with those in material subsequently obtained by curettage or endometrial biopsy. Only 32 (58 per cent) of the washings were satisfactory for evaluation of the endometrium compared with 46 (84 per cent) of the curettings. When, in the second part of the study the washings in 83 cases were examined by both histological and cytological methods, 76 (92 per cent) were satisfactory compared with 59 (71 per cent) of the curettings. Cytological examination of the washings in the postmenopausal women provided a significantly higher proportion of satisfactory specimens than histological examination alone or evaluation of the curettings. In the whole study, three cases of endometrial carcinoma were diagnosed by endometrial washings and by curettage, while in six cases of endometrial hyperplasia one false negative was obtained by histological examination of the washings and one by examination of the curettings. This study shows that endometrial samples obtained with the intrauterine jet washer provide information about the endometrium which is comparable with that obtained by conventional curettage, and also that in postmenopausal women endometrial lavage may be more reliable than curettage.
A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE FOAM TEST AND PHOSPHOLIPID ASSAY OF AMNIOTIC FLUID
Authors: Fairbrother P. F. , Baynham Valerie , Davey D. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAmniotic fluid taken by amniocentesis from patients at varying stages of gestation was analyzed for surfactant by the foam test, total phospholipid phosphorus concentration, and alkali labile phospholipid phosphorus concentration. The total and alkali labile phospholipid concentrations increased, and the ratio of alkali labile to total phospholipid concentration fell slightly as gestational age increased. The mean total and alkali labile phospholipid phosphorus concentrations increased with the foam test score, but there was considerable overlap in the phospholipid concentrations between the different groups of foam test results. In our experience only when the foam test is negative does hyaline membrane disease occur, and even then not invariably. Only when the foam test is negative, therefore, is further analysis of amniotic fluid for surfactant indicated. The simplest procedure is then to measure the amniotic fluid total phospholipid concentration. This will resolve the doubt as to whether the newborn is liable to hyaline membrane disease in about one half of the cases. The suggestions by other workers that the ratio between alkali labile phospholipid and total phospholipid would resolve this doubt has not been confirmed by our study.
PALMITIC ACID LEVELS IN AMNIOTIC FLUID AND THE SHAKE TEST
Authors: MacLennan A. H. , Roxburgh D. , Thornton C. , Knightley M. , Moore R. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOne hundred and six samples of amniotic fluid were analyzed independently by four clinicians for surfactant content, using the shake test and the palmitic acid content of the amniotic fluid. The variation of the results in the 424 shake tests were examined and the shake tests correlated with the palmitic acid levels. A positive shake test to a dilution of 1:4 had a 100 per cent correlation with a mature palmitic acid level over 35 pg./ml., while a positive test at a dilution 1:2 gave a 5.6 per cent false positive rate. A high false negative rate was found, however, and estimates of the chance of a mature surfactant level in relation to the range of shake tests results are given. Eleven patients had low palmitic acid levels in the amniotic fluid prior to delivery and three of the infants developed the respiratory distress syndrome.
THE ORIGIN OF AMNIOTIC FLUID LECITHIN
Authors: Abramovich D. R. , Keeping J. D. , Thom Hazel 
Published: August 2005

SummaryLecithin has been measured in amniotic fluid, pharyngeal aspirate, fetal and maternal plasma and fetal membranes from the same pregnancy. In the amniotic fluid from a term pregnancy 79 per cent of the lecithin is found in the reconstituted precipitate of centrifuged fluid. It is suggested that the lecithin of amniotic fluid may originate from sources other than fetal lung and that lecithin concentration is therefore a measure of overall fetal maturity.
EFFECT OF FRUSEMIDE ON FETAL URINE PRODUCTION
Authors: Wladimiroff J. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHourly fetal urinary production rate (HFUPR) was measured by an ultrasonic technique in I2 antenatal patients before and after intravenous administration of 60 mg. of frusemide. In 8 patients pregnancy was normal and in 4 there was clinical evidence of fetal growth retardation. The duration of pregnancy varied from 32 to 41 weeks. The increase in HFUPR was 80 to 150 per cent in normal patients and 95 to 131 per cent in patients with fetal growth retardation. The increase in HFUPR seemed to have no impact on fetal circulatory volume, as the fetal heart rate stayed normal throughout the study period.
BETA‐MIMETIC DRUGS AND POSSIBLE PREVENTION OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
Authors: Boog G. , Ben Brahim M. , Gandar R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe prophylactic value of beta‐mimetic drugs in preventing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is investigated by comparing 29 preterm infants of ritodrine treated mothers with 34 preterm infants of a control group. Five cases of RDS (17 per cent) occurred among the infants of treated mothers as compared with 12 cases (35 per cent) in the control group (p=0.09). The difference is, however, statistically significant for the group of infants weighing less than 2300 grams (p=0.01) which includes all infants affected with RDS.
THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN (HPL) LEVELS IN THREATENED ABORTION
Authors: Gartside M. W. , Tindall V. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe value of a single HPL, estimation in serum was assessed in 337 patients with a threatened abortion between 7 and 27 weeks gestation. Serial assays were subsequently performed on 75 of these. A scheme is proposed whereby an HPL result can be given a “favourable”, “equivocal” or “unfavourable” prognosis according to its level. Using this scheme a correct prognosis was obtained in 86 per cent of cases between 9 and 19 weeks gestation while an incorrect prognosis was obtained in 3 per cent of cases. There appeared to be little prognostic value after 19 weeks gestation though prior to 9 weeks the results were sufficiently promising to suggest that a more sensitive assay would be useful.
THE INVESTIGATION OF OVARIAN FUNCTION BY MEASUREMENT OF URINARY OESTROGEN AND PREGNANEDIOL EXCRETION
Authors: Pepperell R. J. , Brown J. B. , Evans J. H. , Rennie G. C. , Burger H. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUrinary oestrogen and pregnanediol excretion was measured daily (“daily monitoring”) for a complete cycle in 20 normally menstruating women, in one patient with an anovulatory cycle and for 28 days in a patient with secondary amenorrhoea. The measurements were also performed on urine specimens collected at weekly intervals for 4 to 6 weeks (“weekly tracking”) from 506 patients with evidence of abnormal ovarian function. These included 9 patients with primary amenorrhoea, 132 patients with secondary amenorrhoea, 138 patients with oligomenorrhoea and 227 patients with evidence of ovarian dysfunction and cycle lengths of 25 to 42 days. The results were subjected to statistical analysis. In the normal cycles, ovulation could be identified on the criteria of a rising pregnanediol value reaching or exceeding 2.0 mg. per 24 hours for a period of 7 days or more. Valid conclusions on the overall mean oestrogen and pregnanediol values for a complete cycle could be made from the results of weekly tracking, irrespective of which day the tracking commenced. Correlations were obtained by comparing the mean and maximum urinary oestrogen values and the variability of the values with the evidence of ovarian function indicated by the clinical classifications of the patients, the duration of the disorders and the subsequent occurrence of uterine bleeding. Mean oestrogen values of 10μ g. per 24 hours or less were associated with lack of ovarian function. For values higher than this a discriminant function based on both the mean oestrogen value and the variability of the oestrogen values was useful in predicting onset of spontaneous menstruation. A single urine specimen collected 4 to 8 days before onset of menstruation showing a raised pregnanediol value of 2.0mg. per 24 hours or more provided a valid test for ovulation in women with regular cycles, and a single urine specimen giving an oestrogen value of 10 pg. per 24 hours or less gave a valid indication of absent ovarian function in women with amenorrhoea for two years or more. In all other circumstances serial sampling at weekly intervals provided a valid assessment of ovarian activity. Application of these principles allows the greatest amount of information on ovarian function to be obtained with the greatest economy of effort.
FUNCTIONAL AND POST‐ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AMENORRHOEA RESPONSE TO LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE (LH‐RH)
Authors: Jequier AnneM. , O'Shea Alan , Jacobs H. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBasal levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in serum and their response to the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH‐RH) were measured in a group of patients with functional amenorrhoea. The results in this group were compared to those obtained in a second group of patients with secondary amenorrhoea which had followed cessation of a combined oral contraceptive. No difference either in the basal levels or in the response to LH‐RH could be found. These data indicate that there is no detectable difference in pituitary gonadotrophin status between the two groups and that the two types of amenorrhoea have the same aetiological background.
ANTEPARTUM DIAGNOSIS OF THE “TERMINAL” FETAL STATE BY CARDIOTOCOGRAPHY
Authors: Emmen L. , Huisjes H. J. , Aarnoudse J. G. , Visser G. H. A. , Okken A. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySince 1969 it has been the policy of this department to perform regular cardiotocograms on all patients admitted during the antenatal period for severe hypertension, with or without proteinuria, and on those in whom poor intrauterine fetal growth was suspected. In five such patients where the fetus died in utero, beat‐to‐beat variation was reduced and late decelerations were observed. In a further twelve patients similar changes made delivery by elective Caesarean section appear advisable. Half of the infants so delivered had severe metabolic acidosis at birth.
EPIDURAL ANALGESIA, FETAL MONITORING AND THE CONDITION OF THE BABY AT BIRTH WITH BREECH PRESENTATION
Authors: Donnai P. , Nicholas A. D. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBetween December 1970 and March 1973, 138 patients with a singleton fetus presenting by the breech after 36 weeks of pregnancy were deemed suitable for vaginal delivery under epidural analgesia; 130 were delivered vaginally, 10 of them by breech extraction. There was one stillbirth and no neonatal deaths. Epidural analgesia for vaginal breech delivery seemed beneficial. In 65 cases it was possible to compare the umbilical vein pH with the Apgar score at one minute. In 35 patients a continuous recording of the fetal heart rate was used to predict the Apgar score at one minute and the results are discussed.
THE EFFECT OF PREGNANCY ON THE RENAL HANDLING OF GLUCOSE
Authors: Davison J. M. , Hytten F. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTubular reabsorption of glucose has been measured during glucose infusion in 29 healthy women during and after pregnancy. All the women had normal glucose tolerance to an oral load, and normal glucose excretion when not pregnant, but exhibited a wide range of daily glucose excretion in pregnancy. Throughout pregnancy the renal reabsorption of glucose is less effective than in the non‐pregnant state and, in general, the greater the amount of glycosuria which develops in pregnancy, the less effective is the reabsorption during infusion. Post partum, women with minor degrees of glycosuria during the preceding pregnancy return to a normal highly efficient reabsorption performance during infusion, but women who exhibit greater degrees of glycosuria have a reduced capacity to reabsorb even though they are no longer glycosuric after the pregnancy. It is concluded that pregnancy imposes some specific change in the glucose reabsorptive capacity of the proximal tubule and that women with more than usual degrees of glycosuria in pregnancy may, in addition, have an element of tubular damage. This is discussed in relation to other renal function changes in pregnancy in an attempt to explain the characteristic intermittency of clinical glycosuria in pregnancy.
FETAL DEATH IN ECLAMPSIA: I ITS RELATION TO LOW GESTATIONAL AGE, RETARDED FETAL GROWTH AND LOW BIRTHWEIGHT
Authors: Neutra Raymond 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOf 173 eclamptics admitted to the only public maternity hospital in Cali, Colombia 44 had stillbirths making a rate of 25.4 per cent. Fetuses delivered before 32 weeks had nearly four times the stillbirth rate of those delivered at term. Those weighing less than 1600 g. had stillbirth rates about six times higher than those weighing above 2500 g. An attempt was made to divide the risk conveyed by low birthweight into two components; that which was due to low gestational age, and that which was due to an abnormally low rate of growth during the gestational time available. Deviation of birthweight below that expected for age (retarded fetal growth, RFG) was used as a measure of the latter component. RFG became more common as gestation progressed and was associated with fetal death only in the latter part of gestation and with marginal statistical significance. After 35 weeks, fetuses at or below two standard deviations from Gruenwald's mean weight for gestational age (Gruenwald, 1966) had a fetal death rate five times higher than those at the mean. The risk of fetal (intrauterine) death conveyed by low gestational age has not been definitively explained. Alternative pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed.
ENDOMETRIOID TUMOURS OF THE OVARY
Authors: Curling O. M. , Hudson C. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFrom 291 cases of malignant disease of the ovary in the North East Metropolitan Region of London, 250 have been classified as of epithelial origin. Of these, 44 have been designated as endometrioid carcinoma. The recognition and features of endometrioid ovarian carcinoma are discussed.
THE UTERINE AND CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF SALBUTAMOL AND PRACTOLOL DURING LABOUR
Authors: McDevitt D. G. , Wallace R. J. , Roberts A. , Whitfield C. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIntravenous salbutamol, a β‐adrenoceptor stimulant, given to nine patients in normal labour, with continuous monitoring of uterine activity and of the maternal and fetal cardiovascular systems, was shown to decrease uterine activity significantly; maternal and fetal heart rates were significantly increased, and maternal systolic and diastolic arterial pressures were significantly decreased during the infusion, although no treatment had to be discontinued because of these effects. Apart from worsening of low back pain during the infusion in one patient, subjective sideeffects were trivial. With the salbutamol infusion continued at an effective maintenance rate, the cardioselective β‐adrenoceptor blocking drug, practolol, given intravenously, reduced the maternal heart rate (although not significantly) but it did not alter the fetal heart rate; it also appeared to interfere transiently with the inhibiting action of salbutamol on uterine activity, but cervical dilatation was arrested until the salbutamol infusion was discontinued. At least in five patients, labour remained suppressed until oxytocin was infused intravenously.
THE EFFECTS ON PLATELET AGGREGATION OF ORAL PROSTAGLANDIN E2 USED FOR THE INDUCTION OF LABOUR
Authors: Myatt L. , Elder M. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySecondary ADP induced platelet aggregation was inhibited in 17 patients after the administration of oral prostaglandin E2 tablets for the induction of labour. Primary ADP induced aggregation was shown to be inhibited by oral prostaglandin E2when the platelets responded to the lower concentration of 0.5 μg/ml of ADP.This inhibition was not detectable when the higher concentration of 1 0 μg/ml ADP was necessary. There would appear to be a decreased risk of thrombosis initiated by platelet aggregation as a result of using oral PGE2 tablets for inducing labour.
THE RELATION BETWEEN MATERNAL AND CORD SERUM IRON LEVELS AND ITS EFFECT ON FETAL GROWTH IN IRON DEFIClENT MOTHERS WITHOUT MALARIAL INFECTION
Authors: Nhonoli A. M. , Kihama F. E. , Ramji B. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn this relatively iron deficient population both multiparous and primiparous pregnant women had similar serum iron levels. The mothers' levels had a linear correlation with the cord serum levels, but the lowest mean cord levels were above 100 μg./dl. Maternal and cord blood haemoglobin levels, birthweights and placental weights showed no constant relation to the serum iron levels, and even in anaemic mothers the fetus was relatively non‐anaemic with a haemoglobin level around 13 g./dl. In non‐anaemic mothers the cord blood haemoglobin rose rapidly and progressively.
CARBOHYDRATE‐INDUCED LIPOGENESIS IN THE HUMANPLACENTA OF NORMAL AND DIABETIC PREGNANCIES
Authors: Coltart T. M. , Bateman Cynthia 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUsingin vitroincubation, human placental slices have been shown to synthesize lipid from14C fructose, but to a lesser extent than from14C glucose. Diabetic placentae did not incorporate more of either sugar into lipid than did placentae from normal pregnancies; nor did insulin in the incubation medium enhance lipogenesis. There was a correlation between the extent of incorporation of 14C fructose and14C glucose into triglyceride, suggesting a linked enzyme system for phosphorylation of the two hexoses.
EFFECT OF PROTEIN HORMONES AND STEROIDS ON TISSUE CULTURES OF ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA
Authors: Hustin Jean 
Published: August 2005

SummaryNeoplastic tissue was obtained from 30 patients with endometrial carcinoma and the response of this tissue to various hormones was studied in vitro by histological methods and by measuring the incorporation of 3H thymidine into DNA. Progesterone and synthetic progestogens had a consistently adverse effect on tissue survival in vitro while pregnenolone had a beneficial effect.
THE CYTOLOGICAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AMNIOTIC FLUIDS OF MALE AND FEMALE FETUSES
Authors: Hudson Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryCounts of cyanophilic squamous cells in 48 specimens of amniotic fluid obtained during the last three months of pregnancy gave the correct diagnosis of the sex of the fetus in every case. It is confirmed that the fetal genital tract is the source of a considerable exfoliation of cyanophilic squamous cells. Counts of total cells per mm3 on 38 specimens showed that amniotic fluid from female fetuses contains on average significantly more cells than amniotic fluid from male fetuses at any one week of gestation. The cytological sex difference should be taken into consideration in the interpretation of differential cell count estimations of fetal maturity.