bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terahertz phonon engineering and spectroscopy with van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Yoon Yoseob , Lu Zheyu , Uzundal Can , Qi Ruishi , Zhao Wenyu , Chen Su-Di , Feng Qixin , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Crommie Michael , Wang Feng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Phononic engineering at gigahertz (GHz) frequencies form the foundation of microwave acoustic filters, high-speed acousto-optic modulators, and quantum transducers. Terahertz (THz) phononic engineering could lead to acoustic filters and modulators at higher bandwidth and speed, as well as quantum circuits operating at higher temperatures. It can also enable new ways to manipulate and control thermal transport, as acoustic phonons at THz frequencies are the main heat carriers in nonmetallic solids. Despite its potential, methods for engineering THz phonons have been little explored experimentally due to the challenges of achieving the required material control at sub-nanometer precision and efficient phonon coupling at THz frequencies. Here, we demonstrate efficient generation, detection, and manipulation of THz phonons through precise integration of atomically thin layers in van der Waals heterostructures. We employ few-layer graphene (FLG) as an ultrabroadband phonon transducer, converting femtosecond near-infrared (NIR) pulses to broadband acoustic phonon pulses with spectral content up to 3 THz. A single layer of WSe2 is used as a sensor, where high-fidelity readout is enabled by the exciton-phonon coupling and strong light-matter interactions at the monolayer limit. By combining these capabilities in a single van der Waals heterostructure and detecting responses to incident mechanical waves, we performed THz phononic spectroscopy, similar to conventional optical spectroscopy which detects responses to incident electromagnetic waves. Using this platform, we demonstrate high-Q THz phononic cavities using hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) stacks. We further show that a single layer of WSe2 embedded in hBN can efficiently block the transmission of THz phonons. By comparing our measurements to a nanomechanical model, we obtain the important force constants at the hBN-graphene and hBN-WSe2 heterointerfaces. Our results could enable THz phononic metamaterials based on van der Waals heterostructures for ultrabroadband acoustic filters and modulators, as well as novel routes for thermal engineering.
Effects of sleep quality, anxiety, and depression on miscarriage among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Jiang Tianan , Pan Jinhua , Zhu Xiaodan , Zhou Linyu , Yin Shanyu , Li Qiang , Lu Danlei , Xu Zihang , Zhou Pingping , Jiang Jian , Lin Xiaoyu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Importance:
Sleep quality is related to miscarriage of pregnant women, which can also lead to depression and anxiety. Currently, there is no research revealing the role of anxiety and depression in the relationship between sleep quality and miscarriage among pregnant women and their interacting mechanism.
Objective
This study aims to uncover the mechanisms and quantitative dose response relationships among these factors, as well as develop a predictive model for the miscarriage rate.
Methods
In this study, 1,058 pregnant women in mainland China were recruited. All of them met inclusion criteria. Sleep quality was assessed subjectively using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire (PSQI). Anxiety was assessed subjectively using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale questionnaire (SAS). Depression was assessed subjectively using the Self-Rating Depression Scale questionnaire (SDS). We used mediation analysis to explore how anxiety and depression mediate the relationship between sleep quality and miscarriage. We employed restricted cubic spline (RCS) combined with logistic regression to examine the dose-response relationship between these variables. Additionally, a directed acyclic graph was used to reveal their interactions. Furthermore, we constructed a nomogram model for predicting the occurrence of unexpected miscarriages in pregnant and postpartum women.
Results
During our investigation, 16.4% of the participant pregnant women had a miscarriage. Our results showed a significant association between sleep quality, anxiety, depression, pregnant age and miscarriage both unadjusted and multivariable multinomial logistic regression. Dose-response relationships showed that the miscarriage rate slowly increases with increasing PSQI, SAS and SDS score at first. However, when a certain threshold is reached, even slight increases in the scores of SAS, SDS, and PSQI will lead to a sharp rise in the miscarriage rate. The threshold for PSQI, SAS and SDS is 15, 60, and 65, respectively. Anxiety mediated the effect of sleep quality on miscarriage by 55.88% (95% CI 41.18,69.12) and depression had a similar mediation effect (16.18% [95% CI 7.35,27.94]).
Conclusions and Relevance:
The quantitative dose response relationships between PSQI, SAS, SDS, and the miscarriage rate among pregnant women are all positive. In the impact of sleep quality on the miscarriage rate, anxiety and depression also play significant mediating roles. By revealing high-risk pregnant women, early intervention can be provided, aiming to reduce the miscarriage rate among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A Joint Semi-Supervised Variational Autoencoder and Transfer Learning Model for Designing Molecular Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Yang Tzuhsiung , Lee Tzu-Hang , Chen Yu-Ting , Chang Hao-Ting 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Deep generative models (DGMs) have shown great promise in the generation of organic molecules and inorganic materials with chemical sensible structures and optimized properties. However, there is a lack of their applications in transition metal (TM) complexes due to their flexible coordination environment, multiple accessible oxidation and spin states, despite the importance of these complexes in fine chemical synthesis, commodity production, and optical applications. Herein, we propose a joint semi-supervised junction-tree variational autoencoder (SSVAE) and artificial neural network (ANN) classifier model, coined as LiveTransForM (Ligand variational auto-encoder and Transfer learning For transition Metal complexes), for the design of octahedral TM complexes. LiveTransForM allows the design of ligands that build up TM complexes and the prediction of the spin states of the assembled complexes. We show that the accuracy of the classifier is improved when the latent variables from the SSVAE are used as input for the ANN model compared to those from the unsupervised VAE. Input augmentation using the three molecular axes also improves the accuracy of the classifier. 58 complexes with predicted spin states are then generated by LiveTransForM and the accuracy of their spin state labels are validated by density functional theory methods. Two design strategies, single mutation and seeded generation, are also introduced to allow the directed evolution of parent complexes towards desirable spin states and local modification of seed complexes to generate complexes with similar spin states, respectively.
Deep learning reconstruction of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation strength validates ongoig twenty-first century decline.
Authors: Michel Simon , Dijkstra Henk , Guardamagna Francesco , Jacques-Dumas Valérian , Westen René van , Heydt Anna von der 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The response of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) – an important ocean system transporting heat and salt across the Atlantic Ocean1,2 – to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions is crucial in projections of future climate change3. For Earth System Model (ESM) validation, the short range covered by AMOC observations4-8, inconsistent paleoclimate records9,10, and scattered hydrographic data11 are insufficient. A well-established sea surface temperature (SST) proxy index of the AMOC strength suggests that the AMOC has decreased substantially since the late ninetieth century12 but has received extensive scientific criticism13-21. Here, we use a deep learning method to provide a novel SST-based reconstruction of the twentieth century AMOC strength and show that it has declined by -0.151 Sv/decade since 1900, with the largest contribution in recent decades. In contrast to the earlier SST-based AMOC reconstruction12, the new one is in good agreement with direct 21st century AMOC measurements4 and historical ESM results22. In this way, the new AMOC reconstruction allows for new avenues for ESM calibration3,19 and contributes to a larger confidence in 21st century AMOC decline projections23.
Quantitative measurement of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals genetic determinants of resistance and susceptibility in a target gene approach
Authors: Carter Joshua , Consortium CRyPTIC 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The World Health Organization has a goal of universal drug susceptibility testing for patients with tuberculosis; however, molecular diagnostics to date have focused largely on first-line drugs and predicting binary susceptibilities. We used a multivariable linear mixed model alongside whole genome sequencing and a quantitative microtiter plate assay to relate genomic mutations to minimum inhibitory concentration in 15,211Mycobacterium tuberculosispatient isolates from 23 countries across five continents. This identified 492 unique MIC-elevating variants across thirteen drugs, as well as 91 mutations likely linked to hypersensitivity. Our results advance genetics-based diagnostics for tuberculosis and serve as a curated training/testing dataset for development of drug resistance prediction algorithms.
Programmers show distinct, language-like brain responses to violations in form and meaning when reading code
Authors: Kuo Chu-Hsuan , Prat Chantel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As computer programming becomes more central to the workforce, the need for better models of how it is effectively taught and learned has become more apparent. The current study addressed this gap by recording electrophysiological brain responses as 62 Python programmers with varying skill levels read lines of code with semantic and syntactic congruency manipulations. Group-level results showed that semantic manipulations resulted in N400 effects, with less plausible code generating more negative deflections in the 300-500 ms range than semantically congruent code. Syntactic manipulations resulted in P600 effects, with structurally invalid code generating more positive deflections in the 500-800 ms range than structurally valid code. Greater Python expertise within the group was associated with greater behavioral and neural sensitivity to structure, but not to semantics. These results support the notion that computer code comprehension is incremental, relying jointly on form and meaning, and resembles our dominant symbolic meaning-making system—natural language.
Development of dye-sensitized solar cells STEAM learning prototype for supporting educational for sustainable development
Authors: Hariyono Eko , Suprapto Nadi , Zakhiyah Isna , Ismail Mohamad Hisyam 
Published: October 2023

The increase in energy consumption and demand is a problem that needs to be resolved immediately, one of the viable solutions is to develop a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) prototype. This solar cell precursor can also be used as a prototype of STEAM Education for improving students' knowledge, skills, and motivation. Consequently, it is aimed to identify the best preparation technique for DSSC and provide recommendations for designing STEAM Education prototypes in physics learning. This is a preliminary study that employs a quantitative-qualitative descriptive research approach. Based on the results of the output voltage produced by the DSSC, which was given three kinds of immersion variations, quantitative descriptive analysis was carried out to show the type of DSSC with the best preparation technique. Based on the research data, the best preparation technique for DSSC was obtained by immersing the TiO2 layer in a dye solution for 144 hours. There is a positive correlation between the duration of immersion in the dye solution and the voltage generated in the DSSC. Furthermore, the DSSC-based STEAM Education prototype could explain the concept of photo electricity effect, electromagnetic induction, converting light energy into motion, and various other science concepts in applying physics learning. The STEAM Education approach and integrating the three pillars of Education for Sustainable Development explain how science concepts can answer sustainable energy problems related to the environment, society, and economy. This implies preparing students to be the next generation of leaders with the knowledge and abilities to carry on with long-term development plans
Curcuminoid Chalcones: Synthesis and Biological Activity against the
Human Colon Carcinoma (Caco-2) Cell Line
Authors: Olender Dorota , Sowa-Kasprzak Katarzyna , Pawełczyk Anna , Skóra Bartosz , Zaprutko Lucjusz , Szychowski Konrad A. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
There are many current scientific reports on the synthesis of various
derivatives modelled on the structure of known small-molecular and natural bioactive
compounds. Curcuminoid chalcones are an innovative class of compounds with significant
therapeutic potential against various diseases and they perfectly fit into the current
trends in the search for new biologically active substances.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to design and synthesise a series of curcuminoid chalcones.

Objective:
The objective of this scientific paper was to synthesise twelve curcuminoid
chalcones and confirm their structures using spectral methods. Additionally, the biological
activity of three of the synthesised compounds was evaluated using various assays, and
their anticancer properties and toxicity were studied.

Methods:
The proposed derivatives were obtained via the Claisen-Schmidt reaction of selected
acetophenones and aldehydes in various conditions using both classical methods: the
solutions and solvent-free microwave (MW) or ultrasound (US) variants. The most optimal
synthetic method for the selected curcuminoid chalcones was the classical Claisen-Schmidt
condensation in an alkaline (NaOH) medium. Spectral methods were used to confirm the
structures of the compounds. The resazurin reduction assay, caspase-3 activity assay, and
RT-qPCR method were performed, followed by measurements of the intracellular reactive
oxygen species (ROS) level and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release level.

Results:
Twelve designed curcuminoid chalcones were successfully synthesized and
structurally confirmed by NMR, MS, and IR spectroscopy. Examination of the anticancer
activity was carried out for the three most interesting chalcone products.

Conclusion:
The results suggested that compound 3a increased the metabolism and/or
proliferation of the human colon carcinoma (Caco-2) cell line, while compounds 3b and 3f
showed significant toxicity against the Caco-2 cell line. Overall, the preliminary results
suggested that compound 3b exhibited the most favourable anticancer activity.
The Effect of Menopause and Menopausal Hormone Therapy on the Risk
of Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Anagnostis Panagiotis , Mikhailidis Dimitri P. , Blinc Ales , Jensterle Mojca , Ježovnik Mateja K. , Schernthaner Gerit-Holger , Antignani Pier Luigi , Studen Katica Bajuk , Šabović Miso , Poredos Pavel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Peripheral artery disease (PAD), defined as lower extremity arterial disease, constitutes an
underestimated aspect of the menopause-associated risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
(ASCVD). Accumulation of ASCVD risk factors, such as atherogenic dyslipidaemia, diabetes, and
arterial hypertension, after the transition to menopause may contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation
in peripheral arteries. However, inconsistency exists among studies as to whether transition to
menopause increases the risk of PAD, although early menopause (<45 years) or premature ovarian
insufficiency may accelerate peripheral atherosclerotic plaque formation. Menopausal hormone therapy
may decrease the risk of PAD if administered early (i.e., within the first 5-6 years after last menstruation),
whereas it has no effect in women with established ASCVD.
Montelukast Ameliorates Scopolamine-induced Alzheimer’s Disease:
Role on Cholinergic Neurotransmission, Antioxidant Defence System,
Neuroinflammation and Expression of BDNF
Authors: Yerraguravagari Bhavana , Penchikala Naga Pavani , Kolusu Aravinda Sai , Ganesh Grandhi Sandeep , Konduri Prasad , Nemmani Kumar V.S. , Samudrala Pavan Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an overwhelming neurodegenerative disease
with progressive loss of memory. AD is characterized by the deposition of the senile plaques mainly
composed of β-amyloid (Aβ) fragment, BDNF decline, Cholinergic system overactivity and neuroinflammation.
Montelukast (MTK), a leukotriene receptor antagonist, showed astounding neuroprotective
effects in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders.

Objective:
This study aims to investigate the ameliorative effects of Montelukast in the scopolamineinduced
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model in rats and evaluate its activity against neuroinflammation.

Methods:
Thirty rats were split into five groups: Control group (1 mL/kg normal saline, i.p.), Montelukast
perse (10 mg/kg, i.p.), Disease group treated with Scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.), Donepezil
group (3 mg/kg, i.p.), Montelukast treatment group (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and behavioural and biochemical
tests were carried out to assess the neuro protective effect.

Results:
Scopolamine treatment led to a significant reduction in learning and memory and an elevation
in cholinesterase levels when compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Additionally, elevated
oxidative stress and Amyloid-β levels were associated with enhanced neuroinflammation (p < 0.05, p
< 0.01). Furthermore, the decline in neurotrophic factor BDNF is also observed when compared with
the normal control group (p < 0.01). Montelukast pre-treatment significantly attenuated learning and
memory impairment and cholinesterase levels. Besides, Montelukast and standard drug donepezil
administration significantly suppressed the oxidative stress markers (p < 0.01), Amyloid-β levels,
neuroinflammatory mediators (p < 0.05) and caused a significant increase in BDNF levels (p < 0.05)

Conclusion:
Montelukast bestowed ameliorative effects in scopolamine-induced AD animal models
as per the previous studies via attenuation of memory impairment, cholinesterase neurotransmission,
oxidative stress, Amyloid-β levels, neuroinflammatory mediators and enhanced BDNF levels.
Exploratory Social Justice Case Study Design
Authors: Jaber Baheya 
Published: October 2023

This research investigates the role of urban public libraries in Texas from the perspectives of women refugees (from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region) and urban public library representatives in Texas, U.S. Women refugees share their daily concerns since they arrived in the U.S. Through utilizing critical race theory (Crenshaw, 1988; Ladson-Billings, 1998), critical feminist theory (De Beauvoir, 1949; De Beauvoir 2009; hooks, 2000; hooks, 2009), and Intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1991; Crenshaw, 2016; Crenshaw, 2018), this project explores the information needs and information seeking behaviors of women refugees (including their interaction with public libraries).
The researcher is implementing narrative inquiry by conducting interviews and focus groups to learn about the individual and collective experiences as related to the information services that public libraries provide to MENA women. After analyzing the collected data, the researcher and MENA women refugees are co-developing an information services model for public libraries. Moving forward, the researcher is conducting content analysis of the public libraries’ websites and social media sites to check their information offerings. Then, she is conducting focus groups with library representatives to discuss what they offer.
As a social justice imperative, implementing these methods allow women refugees to represent their voices, and give them agency and authority to work with the researcher and public library representatives. Together, they will build an information services model and propose a strategic action plan, to be implemented by public libraries in Texas to support the information needs of women refugees from the MENA region.
A Logic Model Using Theory of Change Applied in Grant Development of Civic Engagement for Racial Justice in Public Libraries
Authors: Mehra Bharat , Black Kimberly , Jaber Baheya S. , Williams-Cockfield Kaurri C. 
Published: October 2023

This poster highlights insights from application of a logic model using Theory of Change (ToC) applied in ongoing grant development of civic engagement for racial justice in public libraries of the American South. An externally funded grant project, Civic Engagement for Racial Justice in Public Libraries (RJ@PL), awarded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services’ “National Leadership Grants for Libraries” to the University of Alabama and the Chicago State University serves as focus in partnership with multiple state public libraries (August 2022 – July 2025). RJ@PL explores the role of public libraries in their support of racial justice and positive social change in communities. RJ@PL is conceptualized in five interrelated components in the logic model: (1) Assessment; (2) Strategic planning; (3) Actualization of information-based solutions; (4) Evaluation; (5) Dissemination. Data collected will help develop contextually relevant strategic information tools (e.g., roadmap, action plan, taxonomic framework of information responses) for civic engagement that public libraries can use to overcome problems related to racism in their communities. ToC will be used to develop the community engagement frameworks and strategic action plans. ToC is an approach to creating change that emerged from the efforts of philanthropic associations that funded comprehensive community change initiatives; it was developed to measure philanthropically funded projects’ progress and determine their efficacy in meeting their goals (Andrews, 2005; Weiss, 1995). RJ@PL bridges gaps at multiples levels, including (not limited to) social justice scholarship, competences and practices, and has strong implications for LIS education.
Bridging the Support Gap
Authors: Baum Brittany 
Published: October 2023

Over the past decade, U.S. teen mental health has declined rapidly. In the state of Florida, high rates of youth mental health challenges and lowered access to traditional mental health care has led to its ranking as the 19th worst in the nation. A “whole community” approach to mental health promotion has been advocated to address these concerns, and public libraries have been identified as potential partners in that endeavor. As part of its core competencies for library staff providing services to teens, YALSA has identified the importance of supporting teens’ emotional and social development through the provision of library programs and services that help teens cope with life’s challenges—an agenda that directly aligns with the CDC’s definition of mental health. But research exploring the perceptions and experiences of public youth services librarians in promoting this agenda is lacking.
Using a mixed-methods approach consisting of surveys of and interviews with Florida public librarians responsible for providing teen library services and informed by Seligman’s Well-being Theory, the proposed research seeks to explore the perceptions and experiences of public librarians in promoting teens’ mental health in the library and identify any challenges or gaps in pre-service training/education in preparing them for this role.