bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substance use during hospitalisation requiring an urgent clinical response: an opportunity for intervention
Authors: Nash Emily , Dawson Andrew H. , Haber Paul , Gribble Robert , Volovets Anastasia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere are few reports on drug use in patients while hospitalised and none regarding management or clinical outcomes.AimsTo describe cases of drug use by inpatients requiring an urgent clinical response.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed cases at a teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia, from February 2019 to March 2021.ResultsThirty cases were identified, with no deaths. Two patient groups were identified: (i) substance use disorders, using illicit drugs and (ii) self‐harm history, using prescribed or over‐the‐counter drugs. Management involved cardiac monitoring (40%), intensive care (30%), charcoal (20%), antidotes (20%) and intubation (13%). Discharge was planned in 22 of 30 patients, against medical advice in four and directed by medical staff in four.ConclusionsInpatient drug use requiring an urgent clinical response was infrequently recognised but presents a risk of harm to patients and staff and increases service utilisation and costs. Both harm reduction and systematic approaches guided by institutional policy are recommended. Using these events as reachable moments to address driving factors may modify patients' risk from future events.
Invasive device‐associated skin complications and mechanical dysfunctions in paediatric healthcare: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Takashima Mari , Hyun Areum , Gibson Victoria , Borello Eloise , Ullman Amanda 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to estimate the proportion and rate of skin complications and mechanical dysfunction associated with indwelling invasive devices in paediatric healthcare.DesignThis systematic review is reported in accordance with Cochrane standards for randomized controlled trials and the Meta‐analysis of Observation Studies in Epidemiology for cohort studies.Data SourcesMEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, clinical trial registries, and unpublished study databases were searched.Review MethodsCohort studies and trials published from January 2011 to June 2022, including (1) indwelling invasive devices, (2) paediatric participants admitted to a hospital, (3) reporting post‐insertion device‐associated skin complication and/or mechanical dysfunction, and (4) published in English, were included. Device‐associated skin complication and mechanical dysfunction (infiltration, leakage, occlusion/blockage, dislodgement/malposition, breakage and others). Pooled proportion and incidence rate per 1000 device days are reported.ResultsThis review synthesized 114 studies (30,782 devices; 1,635,649 device‐days). Skin complications were reported in 40 studies, but none exclusively reported individual device‐related pressure injuries. Mechanical dysfunctions were well‐reported for central venous access devices, peripheral intravenous catheters, nasogastric/gastric tubes and peritoneal dialysis catheters but less for arterial catheters, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and ventricular assist devices.ConclusionsThis systematic review highlights the need for standardized definitions and reporting methods to better surveil and benchmark device‐related complications, particularly for understudied device types. Device‐related pressure injuries were not reported in any of the included studies, and all devices except for vascular access devices require standardized reporting of complications.ImpactDespite the widespread use of invasive devices, comprehensive data on their prevalence, utility, and associated paediatric complications is limited. This review identified prevalent skin complications, occlusions and dislodgments in children with devices, underscoring the need for standardized reporting to enhance surveillance and understanding of paediatric device‐related complications.Reporting MethodMOOSE (Meta‐analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) Checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
School‐Based Tele‐Behavioral Health: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Sowa Nathaniel A. , Gaffney Katie , Sanders Amanda , Murrell Caroline 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTelehealth utilization exploded during the COVID‐19 pandemic, including within school‐based health programs. School‐based tele‐behavioral health can help programs overcome barriers of access to care, but the current state and effectiveness of such programs are unknown.METHODSA scoping literature review was conducted. Studies were included if they described in‐school behavioral health services delivered via telehealth for children ages 5 to 18. From the included studies, population, location, setting, intervention, telehealth modality, clinician type, and outcomes assessed were extracted.FINDINGSEighteen studies met inclusion criteria. All described psychotherapy or medication management delivered by psychologists (n = 7) and/or psychiatrists (n = 11). Treatment included psychotherapy (N = 8), psychiatric consultation (N = 7), medication management (N = 4), crisis stabilization (N = 1), and caregiver education (N = 1). Eight studies provide qualitative or quantitative outcomes, with 4 examining clinical effectiveness.CONCLUSIONSDespite limited findings in the literature, school‐based tele‐behavioral health is feasible, effective, and acceptable for delivery of behavioral health care to children and adolescents.
Decadal limnological changes in Lake Beseka, central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Authors: Melese Hana , Debella Habte Jebessa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLake Beseka (Metahara), formerly, an alkaline soda lake in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia is recently undergoing unprecedented changes. The objective of this study was to investigate the current status on the plankton composition of Lake Beseka, in relation to the lake's environmental parameters. Samples for physicochemical and biological parameters were taken twice a year during both the rainy and dry seasons at two different sites (open and shore). Temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, salinity, ammonia, silica and soluble reactive phosphate showed significant variation (p < .05) between wet and dry seasons. The physicochemical parameters recorded during this study shows decreasing trend than the previous studies indicating the lakes ecosystem undergone fundamental changes over time. A total of 25 phytoplankton and 13 zooplankton genera were identified. The phytoplankton community of Lake Beseka had previously been dominated by Arthrospira fusiformis, but this time it was completely missing, and diatoms substituted for it. The decrease in pH and salinity of the lake's water could be responsible for these changes. In addition, cyclopoid copepods now predominate over zooplankton in Branchionus dimidiatus during periods of high salinity. Redundancy analysis showed that SRP, ammonia, nitrate and turbidity are important environmental factors that significantly influenced plankton abundance. This study provides new baseline information on the plankton composition of Lake Beseka, in relation to the lake's environmental parameters, which can be used to evaluate future community structure.
How many Vesta‐like bodies existed in the asteroid belt?
Authors: Burbine T. H. , Greenwood R. C. , Zhang B. , Buchanan P. C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAsteroid 4 Vesta is typically thought to be the parent body of the HED (howardite, eucrite, and diogenite) meteorites due to spectral similarities. The discovery of asteroids far from Vesta with HED‐like spectra like (1459) Magnya and HED‐like meteorites (e.g., NWA 011) with anomalous oxygen isotopic values compared to typical HEDs is evidence that other Vesta‐like bodies formed. We broadly define a Vesta‐like body as a differentiated object with a crust composed primarily of low‐Ca pyroxene and plagioclase feldspar. We estimate the number of Vesta‐like bodies that did form by looking at the astronomical evidence; the oxygen isotopic, chemical, and petrologic evidence; and the iron meteorite evidence. Assuming that fragments of Vesta were scattered from Vesta by giant planet migration, we conservatively estimate that at least two Vesta‐like bodies (Vesta and the Magnya parent bodies) existed. From the oxygen isotopic, chemical, and petrologic evidence, we also conservatively estimate that seven Vesta‐like bodies formed. Analyses of iron meteorites indicate that there may be as many as 23 Vesta‐like bodies (Vesta, 10 magmatic iron groups, South Byron trio, Emsland/Mbosi duo, 10 ungrouped irons). This estimate from iron meteorites is most certainly an overestimation due to the existence of a number of non‐HED crustal/mantle fragments that potentially originated from bodies with magmatic iron cores. Using our three estimates as a guide, we predict that there were ~10 Vesta‐like bodies (including Vesta) that formed in the early solar system. Only Vesta remains intact with the others being disrupted early in solar system history.
Heat‐tolerant intertidal rock pool coral Porites lutea can potentially adapt to future warming
Authors: Huang Wen , Meng Linqing , Xiao Zunyong , Tan Ronghua , Yang Enguang , Wang Yonggang , Huang Xueyong , Yu Kefu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe growing threat of global warming on coral reefs underscores the urgency of identifying heat‐tolerant corals and discovering their adaptation mechanisms to high temperatures. Corals growing in intertidal rock pools that vary markedly in daily temperature may have improved heat tolerance. In this study, heat stress experiments were performed on scleractinian coral Porites lutea from subtidal habitat and intertidal rock pool of Weizhou Island in the northern South China Sea. Thermotolerance differences in corals from the two habitats and their mechanisms were explored through phenotype, physiological indicators, ITS2, 16S rRNA, and RNA sequencing. At the extremely high temperature of 34°C, rock pool P. lutea had a stronger heat tolerance than those in the subtidal habitat. The strong antioxidant capacity of the coral host and its microbial partners was important in the resistance of rock pool corals to high temperatures. The host of rock pool corals at 34°C had stronger immune and apoptotic regulation, downregulated host metabolism and disease‐infection‐related pathways compared to the subtidal habitat. P. lutea, in this habitat, upregulated Cladocopium C15 (Symbiodiniaceae) photosynthetic efficiency and photoprotection, and significantly increased bacterial diversity and coral probiotics, including ABY1, Ruegeria, and Alteromonas. These findings indicate that rock pool corals can tolerate high temperatures through the integrated response of coral holobionts. These corals may be ‘touchstones’ for future warming. Our research provides new insights into the complex mechanisms by which corals resist global warming and the theoretical basis for coral reef ecosystem restoration and selection of stress‐resistant coral populations.
Prevalence and characteristics of pain in patients with lower‐extremity ulcers—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sabah Lubna , Burian Ewa Anna , Kirketerp‐Møller Klaus , Thomsen Simon Francis , Moltke Finn Borgbjerg 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of pain in different ulcer types and to identify factors associated with pain experience in patients with lower‐extremity ulcers. A cross‐sectional single‐centre study was performed, including 130 newly referred outpatients with lower‐extremity ulcers. Pain intensity was measured with a visual analog scale (VAS) and pain characteristics with the short form mcgill pain questionnaire‐2 (SF‐MPQ‐2). The mean pain intensity was 29.5 (SD 31.8) at rest and 35.5 (SD 34.1) during movement (0–100 VAS). 61.5% of the patients experienced pain (VAS > 0) at rest and 70.8% during movement. Moderate to severe pain at rest was seen in 39.2% and in 43.8% of patients during movement. The mean total score on SF‐MPQ‐2 (range 0–220) was 35.9 (SD 32.6). Most of the patients described pain as intermittent (mean 11.8 SD 13.9). Analgesics were prescribed for 78% of the patients. Ulcer type (i.e., arterial, immunological, pressure and venous) and age were associated with pain severity, and women had a significantly lower well‐being score than men. Prevalence of pain in patients with lower‐extremity ulcers was high across different ulcer aetiologies. Pain intensity and quality must be assessed to obtain adequate pain management.
Dynamic Properties of Double Porosity/Permeability Model
Authors: Nakshatrala Kalyana B. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Understanding fluid movement in multi-pored materials is vital for energy security and physiology. For instance, shale (a geological material) and bone (a biological material) exhibit multiple pore networks. Double porosity/permeability models provide a mechanics-based approach to describe hydrodynamics in aforesaid porous materials. However, current theoretical results primarily address steady-state response, and their counterparts in the transient regime are still wanting. The chief aim of this paper is to fill this knowledge gap. We present three principal properties—with rigorous mathematical arguments—that the solutions under the double porosity/permeability model satisfy in the transient regime: backward-in-time uniqueness, reciprocity, and a variational principle. We employ the “energy method”—exploiting the physical total kinetic energy of the flowing fluid—to establish the first property and Cauchy–Riemann convolutions to prove the next two. The results reported in this paper—qualitatively describe the dynamics of fluid flow in double-pored media—have (a) theoretical significance, (b) practical applications, and (c) considerable pedagogical value. In particular, these results will benefit practitioners and computational scientists in checking the accuracy of numerical simulators. The backward-in-time uniqueness lays a firm theoretical foundation for pursuing inverse problems in which one predicts the prescribed initial conditions based on data available about the solution at a later instance.
Construction and Multi-Mode Motion Analysis of Single-Degree-of-Freedom Four-Bar Multi-Mode Planar Mechanisms Based on Singular Configuration
Authors: Nie Liangyi , Ding Huafeng , Kecskeméthy Andrés 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The traditional four-bar mechanism is renowned for its simple structure, dependable performance, and wide range of applications. The single-degree-of-freedom (DOF) four-bar multi-mode planar mechanism (MMPM) is a type of four-bar mechanism that not only has the structural characteristics of the traditional four-bar mechanisms but also can achieve multiple motion modes by changing its structure. It has the advantage of performing diverse functions while conserving resources, which opens up new possibilities for research and application of the four-bar mechanism. However, due to the lack of a systematic configuration construction method, the design and application of single-DOF four-bar MMPMs are seriously limited. This paper presents a systematic method to construct a set of single-DOF four-bar MMPMs based on the loop equations and the proposed multi-mode modules (MMMs). First, depending on the loop equations, the four-bar planar mechanism containing two branches is identified by the corresponding branch graphs. Then, three kinds of MMMs are systematically proposed for the first time, helping the identified mechanism realize multiple motion modes. Subsequently, single-DOF four-bar MMPMs are constructed by replacing the specific component of the planar mechanism with the MMMs. Furthermore, the replacement rules of MMMs and the corresponding construction steps are summarized. Finally, 14 kinds of single-DOF four-bar MMPMs are listed, and the corresponding multi-mode motion analysis is discussed at the end of this paper. The proposed method is a straightforward one, which will provide great convenience for the configuration design of single-DOF four-bar MMPMs and promote the development and application of MMPMs.
Digital Health Literacy and Social Determinants of Health Affecting Telehealth Use by Athletic Trainers
Authors: Patel Sujal R. , Uriegas Nancy A. , Armstrong Tara A. , Stover Ryan M. , Games Kenneth E. , Winkelmann Zachary K. 
Published: January 2024

Context: While increasing telehealth use throughout sports medicine has improved patients’ access to health care, some communities may not have the same opportunities to connect with a provider. Barriers to telehealth implementation can be influenced by internal (eg, provider’s digital health literacy and resources) and external (eg, community’s social determinants of health or “SDOH”) factors. This study aimed to assess the impact of internal and external factors on telehealth use by athletic trainers (ATs). Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: In total, 767 ATs participated in the study. Participants (age = 39 [13] y) completed a survey containing the electronic health literacy scale and digital health literacy instrument, reported professional use of telehealth as a provider (yes/no), provided resources at their clinical site, and provided the zip code for the community they served. After data collection, the researchers extracted SDOH information using the zip code data from 2 US databases, including population density, median household income, poverty index, education level, and technology access. Chi-square or independent samples t tests were conducted to compare telehealth use by each SDOH factor. Results: In total, 62.3% (n = 478/767) of ATs reported using telehealth, and 81.6% of ATs (n = 626) had a dedicated facility to offer health care services. We identified a significant difference in digital health literacy scores between users and nonusers of telehealth (P = .013). We did not identify any significant differences between telehealth users by community type (P = .957), population density (P = .053), income (P = .462), poverty index (P = .073), and computer (P = .211) or broadband internet access (P = .295). Conclusions: Our data suggest that internal factors such as digital health literacy and clinical site resources may have contributed to an AT’s previous telehealth use in clinical practice. However, the SDOH data extracted from the community zip code where the AT provided clinical services were similar for those with and without previous telehealth use.
Household air pollution exposure and risk of tuberculosis: a case–control study of women in Lilongwe, Malawi
Authors: Jagger Pamela , McCord Ryan , Gallerani Anna , Hoffman Irving , Jumbe Charles , Pedit Joseph , Phiri Sam , Krysiak Robert , Maleta Kenneth 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionGlobally, 3–4 billion people rely on solid fuels for cooking, and 1 billion use kerosene to light their homes. While household air pollution (HAP) emitted from burning these fuels has well-established links to numerous health outcomes, the relationship between active tuberculosis (TB) and HAP exposure remains inconclusive.MethodsWe explore the association between HAP exposure and TB among adult women in Lilongwe’s high-density suburbs using hospital and community-based health data, objectively measured exposure to HAP, and sociodemographic data controlling for individual, household and community-level confounders. Only one other study combines public health, exposure and sociodemographic data to explore the association between HAP and TB. We report results from a case–control study of 377 primary cooks (76 cases; 301 controls) on the association between risk of developing active TB and HAP exposure. We calculate ORs for developing active TB using indicators of HAP exposure including primary fuel used for cooking, cooking location and frequency of kerosene use for lighting, and in a subset of households, by directly measured cooking area and personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide.ResultsWe are unable to find an association between self-reported cooking with solid fuels and TB in our sample; we do find that increased frequency of kerosene use for lighting is associated with significantly higher odds of TB. Household area PM2.5concentration is the only direct HAP measure associated with significantly higher odds of TB. We find that 16.8% of the relationship between TB and kerosene use is mediated by increases in area PM2.5.ConclusionOur findings suggest that efforts to reduce the risk of active TB within the home environment should include strategies to reduce or eliminate kerosene, commonly used for lighting and cooking in many low-income country settings.
Inflation based on the Tsallis entropy
Authors: Teimoori Zeinab , Rezazadeh Kazem , Rostami Abasat 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe study the inflationary scenario in the Tsallis entropy-based cosmology. The Friedmann equations in this setup can be derived by using the first law of thermodynamics. To derive the relations of the power spectra of the scalar and tensor perturbations in this setup, we reconstruct an f(R) gravity model which is thermodynamically equivalent to our model in the slow-roll approximation. In this way, we find the inflationary observables, including the scalar spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio in our scenario. Then, we investigate two different potentials in our scenario, including the quadratic potential and the potential associated with the natural inflation in which the inflaton is an axion or a pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone boson. We examine their observational viability in light of the Planck 2018 CMB data. We show that although the results of these potentials are in tension with the observations in the standard inflationary setting, their consistency with the observations can be significantly improved within the setup of the Tsallis entropy-based inflation. Moreover, we place constraints on the parameters of the considered inflationary models by using the current observational data.