bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Biologically Inactive Nonunions by a Limited En Bloc Ostectomy and Compression Plate Fixation: A Review of 17 Cases
Authors: Blaeser Lauren L. , Gallagher Jack G. , Boudrieau Randy J. 
Published: January 2003

Objective—To describe a surgical technique for treatment of biologically inactive nonunions using en bloc ostectomy and compression plate fixation and clinical outcome in 17 dogs.Study Design—Retrospective clinical study.Sample Population—Seventeen dogs.Methods—A transverse ostectomy was performed adjacent and parallel to the nonunion to eliminate nonviable tissue and provide a new, viable fracture surface with a minimum circumferential contact area of 315°. With most of the bony column anatomically reconstructed, compression plate fixation was used to stabilize the fracture. Autogenous cancellous bone grafting was used if a fracture gap was present (<45° of missing circumferential bone contact). Resection of bone was limited so that bone shortening was less than 20% of the overall bone length. Clinical and radiographic follow‐up evaluations were obtained whenever possible.Results—Complete circumferential bone contact and compression plate fixation was achieved after ostectomy in 12 dogs; cancellous bone graft was used in 5 dogs. En bloc ostectomy sites were radiographically healed in a median time of 2.5 months after surgery in 11 dogs that returned for complete in‐hospital follow‐up, and progressive healing was observed in 3 other dogs, where in‐hospital follow‐up was obtained up to 2 months after surgery. These dogs had a median follow‐up time of 2 months, at which time 6 dogs had no lameness, 4 had minimal lameness, and one had moderate lameness. No complications occurred, and no implants were removed.Conclusions—En bloc ostectomy with compression plate fixation was considered successful for the treatment of biologically inactive nonunions. A good to excellent prognosis can be expected with minimal complications.Clinical Relevance—Use of an en bloc ostectomy technique for the treatment of biologically inactive nonunions permits easy resection of nonviable tissue. Subsequent fracture stabilization with compression plate fixation resulted in rapid bone healing without complications.
Book reviews
Authors: Tenopir Carol , Watkinson Anthony , Membrey Jill , Powell Andrea 
Published: January 2003

Authors and Electronic Publishing, a report produced by Alma Swan and Sheridan Brown, Key Perspectives Ltd Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers (ALPSP) 2002. Members, £50 (US$100); Non‐members £100 (US$200). ISBN 090734123‐3My Life in Science by Sydney Brenner BioMed Central Ltd, 2001; rev. edn including personal photos, 2002. Pp. 199. Paper, £14.99 recommended retail price; £10.49 for BioMed Central users (www.biomedcentral.com/info/brenner.asp). ISBN: 0‐9540278‐0‐9Understanding Copyright… in a Week by Graham P. Cornish Institute of Management, published by Hodder & Stoughton, 2000. £6.99. ISBN 0‐340‐78241‐2Towards Consensus on the Electronic Use of Publications in Libraries – Strategy Issues and Recommendations by Thomas Dreier Gottinger Bibliotheksschriften, 2001. Pp. 120. Paperback. Available at: http://gdz.sub.uni‐goettingen.de/tecup/towacons.pdf. ISBN 3‐930457‐16‐4. ISSN: 0943‐951X
Reading behaviour and electronic journals
Authors: Tenopir Carol , King Donald W. 
Published: January 2003

ABSTRACTStudies from 1977 through 2001 demonstrate that scientists continue to read widely from scholarly journals. Reading of scholarly articles has increased to approximately 120–130 articles per person per year, with engineers reading fewer journal articles on the average and medical faculty reading more. A growing proportion of these readings come from e‐prints and other separate copies. Most scientists in a discipline now use electronic journals at least part of the time, with considerable variations among disciplines. Evidence suggests that scientists are reading from a broader range of journals than in the past, influenced by timely electronic publishing and by growth in bibliographic searching and interpersonal communication as means of identifying and locating articles. Although the scholarly journals system has changed dramatically in the past few decades, it is evident that the value scientists place on the information found in scholarly journal articles, whether electronic or print, remains high.
Two societies show how to profit by providing free access
Authors: Walker Thomas J. 
Published: January 2003

ABSTRACTAuthors and their sponsors are beginning to realize that immediate free Web access (IFWA) provides the most convenient access to journal articles, thereby maximizing their impact. Furthermore, IFWA is the most economical mode of access, and, no matter what the mode, authors and their sponsors pay nearly all the costs of access. Because those who pay for access to journal articles consider IFWA both best and cheapest, IFWA will soon replace other modes of access. Journal publishers who wish to stay in business should start offering their authors IFWA at a fair price. Two entomological societies have done so and profited.
Promoting literacy in a digital age: approaches to training for information literacy
Authors: Bawden David , Robinson Lyn 
Published: January 2003

ABSTRACTInformation literacy, and other similar ‘literacies’, such as digital literacy, mediacy, and informacy, are concepts relating to knowledge, skills, and attitudes, at various levels, in dealing with information in varied formats and diverse situations. The breadth of scope of these concepts implies that training must be equally broad, varied, and context‐sensitive. This is exemplified by two case studies of information and digital literacy training. The first is a training programme in information literacy for the scientific staff of a multinational pharmaceutical research organization. The second is a summer school dealing with digital literacy, primarily for information professionals from countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and the former Soviet Union.
Introducing a new journals subscription system: the agony and the ecstasy
Authors: Kenneway Melinda , Sutherland Pam , Williamson Samuel C. 
Published: January 2003

ABSTRACTThe subscription system sits at the heart of the journals business. Selecting a subscription management system able to cope with modern purchasing methods and customer relations management is a complex matter. Three of the key people involved in this process at Oxford University Press describe problems and process from their own perspectives in marketing, systems development and software development.
Book reviews
Authors: Watkinson Anthony , Lee J.D. , Watkinson Anthony , Paulus Kurt 
Published: January 2003

Gaining Independence: A Manual for Planning the Launch of a Nonprofit Electronic Publishing Venture, version 1.0 by Howard Goldstein Published by SPARC, available online: http://www.arl.org/sparc/GIIndexers and Indexing in Fact and Fiction edited by Hazel K. Bell The British Library, London, 2001. Pp. 160. Paper, £16. ISBN 0‐7123‐4729‐1Preservation Management of Digital Materials: A Handbook by Maggie Jones and Neil Beagrie The British Library, Nov. 2001. Pp. 145. Spiral bound, £15.00. ISBN 0 7123 0886 5. Copies can be ordered from Turpin Distribution Services Ltd.Publishing Law, 2nd edn by Hugh Jones and Christopher Benson Routledge, 2002. Cased, £65.00, ISBN 0‐415‐26153‐8; paper, £24.99, ISBN 0‐415‐26154‐6How to Survive Peer Review by Elizabeth Wager, Fiona Godlee and Tom Jefferson London: BMJ Books, 2002. Pp. v + 62. £12.95. ISBN 0‐7279‐1686‐6
Tec3, a New Developmentally Eliminated DNA Element in
Euplotes crassus
Authors: Jacobs Mary Ellen , Sánchez-Blanco Adolfo , Katz Laura A. , Klobutcher Lawrence A. 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACT

More than 100,000 interstitial segments of DNA (internal eliminated sequences [IESs]) are excised from the genome during the formation of a new macronucleus in
Euplotes crassus
. IESs include unique sequence DNA as well as two related families of transposable elements, Tec1 and Tec2. Here we describe a new class of
E. crassus
transposons, Tec3, which is present in 20 to 30 copies in the micronuclear genome. Tec3 elements have long inverted terminal repeats and contain a degenerate open reading frame encoding a tyrosine-type recombinase. One characterized copy of Tec3 (Tec3-1) is 4.48 kbp long, has 1.23-kbp inverted terminal repeats, and resides within the micronuclear copy of the ribosomal protein L29 gene (
RPL29
). The 23 bp at the extreme ends of this element are very similar to those in other
E. crassus
IESs and, like these other IESs, Tec3-1 is excised during the polytene chromosome stage of macronuclear development to generate a free circular form with an unusual junction structure. In contrast, a second cloned element, Tec3-2, is quite similar to Tec3-1 but lacks the terminal 258 bp of the inverted repeats, so that its ends do not resemble the other
E. crassus
IES termini. The Tec3-2 element appears to reside in a large segment of the micronuclear genome that is subject to developmental elimination. Models for the origins of these two types of Tec3 elements are presented, along with a discussion of how some members of this new transposon family may have come to be excised by the same machinery that removes other
E. crassus
IESs.
GLUON CORRELATORS IN THE KOGAN–KOVNER MODEL
Authors: GRIPAIOS B. M. 
Published: January 2003

The Lorentz-invariant gluon correlation functions <F2(x) F2(x′)> and [Formula: see text], corresponding to scalar and pseudoscalar glueballs, are calculated for Kogan's and Kovner's variational ansatz for the pure SU (N) Yang–Mills wave functional. One expects only one dynamical mass scale should be present in QCD; the ansatz generates the expected scale for both glueballs, as well as an additional scale for the scalar glueball coming from the correlator of the color electric field. The additional mass scale must therefore vanish, or be close to the expected one. This is shown to constrain the nature of the phase transition in the Kogan–Kovner ansatz.
Reduced Expression of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Type-1α in Human Preeclamptic and Growth-Restricted Placentas
Authors: Karteris E. , Goumenou A. , Koumantakis E. , Hillhouse E. W. , Grammatopoulos D. K. 
Published: January 2003

Placentally derived CRH seems to play a major role in the mechanisms controlling human pregnancy and parturition, via activation of specific receptors widespread in reproductive tissues. In the human placenta, CRH seems to modulate vasodilation, prostaglandin production, and ACTH secretion. It has also been suggested that CRH might act as a placental clock, determining the length of gestation. In addition, maternal plasma CRH concentrations are further elevated in pregnancies associated with abnormal placental function, such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR).
In this study, we sought to investigate the expression of CRH-R1α levels in placentas from women who have undergone normal deliveries (control group) and patients who have been diagnosed as having preeclampsia or IUGR. Results showed that placental CRH-R1α mRNA levels (as shown by quantitative RT-PCR) and protein levels (shown by Western blotting analysis) were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) reduced in all of the complicated pregnancies. In contrast, levels of the angiotensin II receptor were elevated in preeclampsia and reduced in IUGR subjects, as shown by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. These findings might suggest that changes in receptor expression may contribute toward dysregulation of the dynamic balance controlling vascular resistance.
Dynamic response of tubular joints with an annular void subjected to a harmonic torsional load
Authors: Vaziri A , Nayeb-Hashemi H 
Published: January 2003

Dynamic responses of adhesively bonded tubular joints subjected to a harmonic torsional load are evaluated. The adherents are assumed to be elastic, and the adhesive is taken to be a linear viscoelastic material. The influence of the adherents and the adhesive properties on the joint response as well as on the shear stress amplitude distribution along the overlap is investigated. Furthermore, the effects of defects such as an annular void in the bond area on the dynamic response and shear stress amplitude distribution in the bond area are studied. The results indicate that, for the tubular joint geometries and properties investigated, the natural frequencies of the joint are little affected by the adhesive loss factor. The natural frequencies of the joint initially increase rapidly with increasing adhesive shear modulus. However, the natural frequencies asymptotically approach a constant value with further increase in adhesive shear modulus. The results further show that the natural frequencies of the joint may not be affected with the presence of a central void in the bond area. The distribution of the shear stress amplitude in the joint area was obtained. The maximum shear stress was confined to the edge of the overlap for all applied loading frequencies. For the adhesive and adherent properties and geometries investigated, the maximum shear stress amplitude in the joint area was little affected by the presence of a central annular void covering up to 40 per cent of the oveplap length. The result showed that the shear stress amplitude distribution is more sensitive to the void location than to the void size. This was especially pronounced for voids located close to the edge of the overlap. A central void larger than 40 per cent of the overlap length may be detrimental or beneficial to the joint strength. This depends on the applied loading frequency. A central void reduces the system resonance frequency. This may take the system further away from the applied loading frequency or may bring it closer. A system excited closer to or further from its resonance frequency will develop a higher or lower shear stress amplitude in the bond area.
Assessment of competency for execution: professional guidelines and an evaluation checklist
Authors: Zapf Patricia A. , Boccaccini Marcus T. , Brodsky Stanley L. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe issue of whether mental health professionals should be involved in conducting evaluations of competency for execution is a topic that has elicited controversy and heated debate. This article picks up at a point beyond the controversy and addresses issues of professionalism and the objective assessment of competency for execution. Specifically, this article identifies professional standards for conducting competence for execution (CFE) evaluations, describes current practices in this area, and provides an interview checklist that can be used as an evaluation guide by involved professionals. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting criminal justice outcomes with the Psychopathy Checklist and Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form: a meta‐analytic comparison
Authors: Walters Glenn D. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractStudies that have used either the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised (PCL‐R) or the Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form (LCSF) to predict criminal justice outcomes (disciplinary adjustment and recidivism) were subjected to meta‐analysis and compared. Analogous results were obtained with the PCL‐R and LCSF even though the PCL‐R takes 2–3 hours and the LCSF 10 minutes to complete. It is concluded that pending further evaluation in which these assessment measures are directly compared, the cost‐effectiveness of the LCSF makes it an attractive alternative to the PCL‐R in situations where risk of future offender disciplinary maladjustment or recidivism is of principal concern. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of arginine, ornithine and citrulline supplementation upon performance and metabolism of trained rats
Authors: Meneguello M. O. , Mendonça J. R. , Lancha A. H. , Costa Rosa L. F. B. P. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractDuring intense exercise there is an augmented production of ammonia and IMP in the exercised muscle that could be related to the establishment of peripheral fatigue. In order to prevent this accumulation, the urea cycle in the liver eliminates ammonia in the form of urea and the skeletal muscle buffers the increase of ammonia via transamination reactions. In the present study we evaluated the effect of arginine, citrulline and ornithine supplementation, intermediates of the urea cycle, on the performance of sedentary and swimming‐trained rats submitted to a single bout of exhaustive exercise. We also measured the glycogen content of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles and of the liver, as well as the plasma concentrations of ammonia, urea, glutamine, glucose and lactate. The results indicate that arginine, citrulline and ornithine supplementation increased the flux of substrate through the reaction catalysed by glutamine synthetase, leading to increased glutamine production after an exhaustive bout of exercise, and of the mechanism involved in ammonia buffering. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐help and minimal‐contact therapies for anxiety disorders: Is human contact necessary for therapeutic efficacy?
Authors: Newman Michelle G. , Erickson Thane , Przeworski Amy , Dzus Ellen 
Published: February 2003

AbstractSelf‐help materials, brief therapies, and treatments involving minimal therapist contact have all been proposed as effective and low‐cost interventions for anxiety disorders. However, research also suggests that the therapeutic alliance is a central predictor of therapy outcome. Interestingly, amounts of therapist contact within and across “self‐help” interventions vary greatly. It is therefore unclear how much therapist contact is necessary for a positive anxiety disorder treatment outcome. The present article reviews the literature on anxiety disorder treatments using self‐help, self‐administered, and decreased therapist‐contact interventions. Treatment studies are grouped together by anxiety diagnosis as well as amount of therapist contact. It is concluded that self‐administered treatments are most effective for motivated clients seeking treatment for simple phobias. Predominantly self‐help therapies are efficacious for panic disorder and mixed anxiety samples. On the other hand, minimal‐contact therapies have demonstrated efficacy for the greatest variety of anxiety diagnoses. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 251–274, 2003.
Self‐administered treatment in stepped‐care models of depression treatment
Authors: Scogin Forrest R. , Hanson Ashley , Welsh Douglas 
Published: February 2003

AbstractStepped behavioral health care models have begun to receive increased attention. Self‐administered treatments deserve consideration as an element in these models for some disorders and for some consumers. Features suggesting inclusion include low cost, wide availability, and evidence‐based status. We present a stepped‐care model for depression inclusive of a self‐administered treatment component. We also discuss cautions such as depression severity and consumer preference. Evaluation of the efficacy and cost effectiveness of this approach to depression treatment is necessary. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 341–349, 2003.
Towards minimum k‐geodetically connected graphs
Authors: Plesník Ján 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA connected graph G is k‐geodetically connected (k‐GC) if the removal of at least k vertices is required to increase the distance between at least one pair of vertices or reduce G to a single vertex. Such graphs can serve as models of distance invulnerable networks (immune to k − 1 or fewer vertex failures). We focus on the k‐GC graphs which have the least possible number of edges for a given number of vertices. We survey known results and add several new ones. A lower bound on the size of a k‐GC graph is presented which generalizes a known bound of Farley and Proskurowski and a conjecture on the minimum size is raised. Operations on and constructions of k‐GC graphs related to the conjecture are given. We give two techniques that for certain orders produce the least size k‐GC graphs known so far. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative molecular and histological grading of epithelial dysplasia of the oral cavity and the oropharynx
Authors: Tabor Maarten P , Braakhuis Boudewijn JM , van der Wal Jacqueline E , van Diest Paul J , Leemans C René , Brakenhoff Ruud H , Kummer J Alain 
Published: February 2003

AbstractHistological grading of epithelial dysplasia in the oral cavity and oropharynx is used to predict the risk for cancer and to determine the treatment strategy. This grading, however, is subjective and not well reproducible. Recent publications have shown that molecular markers are promising in cancer risk assessment. The aim of the present study was to compare classical histological and molecular grading and to relate these to the proliferation rate by quantitative assessment of Ki‐67 staining. Forty‐three samples were analysed from the margins of patients who had undergone resection of their squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity/oropharynx. Three experienced pathologists performed the histological grading. With the consensus score, 12 samples were classified as normal and 31 as dysplastic (21 mild, six moderate, and four severe). Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was assessed in the same samples with 15 microsatellite markers at chromosomes 3p, 9p, 17p, 8p, 13q, and 18q, and was present in 28 of the 43 samples. Twenty‐four of the 28 cases (86%) with LOH were classified as dysplastic and four as normal. All ten samples with moderate and severe dysplasia and 14 of 21 samples with mild dysplasia contained LOH. In four of 12 biopsies classified as normal, LOH was found. A very striking and significant difference of the Ki‐67 index was observed between LOH‐positive and LOH‐negative cases, 36.6 ± 11.1% versus 19.4 ± 2.8% positive cells, respectively. In mild dysplasia, 13 of 14 lesions containing LOH had a higher Ki‐67 index than all seven lesions without LOH. Thus, in the oral cavity/oropharynx, LOH is more frequently found in the histologically higher‐grade lesions (moderate dysplasia or worse) and in the lower grade lesions when a high proliferation rate is present. Assessment of proliferation with Ki‐67 is a better surrogate for LOH than histological grading. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship of gender, gender identity, and coping strategies in late adolescents
Authors: Renk Kimberly , Creasey Gary 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACTThe relationships among gender, gender identity, and coping in late adolescents were examined. One hundred sixty‐nine late adolescents completed measures assessing their masculinity and femininity, as well as their use of coping strategies. Females endorsed greater use of emotion‐focused coping strategies than males. Late adolescents who were high in masculinity endorsed higher levels of problem‐focused coping strategies than those who were low in masculinity. In contrast, late adolescents who were high in femininity endorsed higher levels of emotion‐focused coping strategies than those who were low in femininity. Neither the gender nor the masculinity and femininity of late adolescents were predictive of the use of avoidant coping strategies. Overall, gender identity made an important and independent contribution to the endorsement of coping strategy use. These results emphasize the importance of assessing both gender and gender identity with regard to coping in late adolescents.