bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addition of a Snack of Lupinus mutabilis Sweet to the Conventional Treatment with Metformin in the Control of Type‐2 Diabetes
Authors: Baldeon Manuel E. , Fornasini Marco , Hidalgo Andrea , Masabanda Luis , Castro José , Tufiño Miriam , Villacrés Elena 
Published: November 2023

Like other developing countries Ecuador is experiencing an epidemiological nutrition transition characterized by under‐ and over‐nutrition. An indication of this phenomenon is the recent increment of non‐communicable chronic diseases. Currently type‐2 diabetes (T2D) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the country. It is necessary to implement novel strategies to decrease the prevalence of this pathology and its consequences in the Ecuadorian population. Studies with animal models of T2D and clinical studies with humans show that consumption of the legume lupin decrease abnormal serum levels of glucose in individuals with dysglycemia. Present study assessed the efficacy of the addition of a healthy snack based on Andean Lupinus mutabilis Sweet in the treatment of T2D. Eighty‐one diabetic patients with poor glycemic control were divided into 2 treatment groups: patients in G1 (n=44) received twice the dose of metformin (Mt) that were consuming in the previous 30 days prior to the beginning of the study and G2 (n=37) received the same dose of metformin that were consuming during the previous 30 days plus 10g of a L. mutabilis Sweet‐based snack for 6 months. Participants had a complete nutritional evaluation before and after treatment period that included a clinical evaluation, anthropometry, and laboratory analysis. The IRB of “Universidad de las Americas” approved the study. At the beginning of the study, both groups were comparable for socio‐demographic characteristics except age since patients in G2 were older. Results indicated that both groups improved their metabolic control at the end of the study period. Patients in G1 showed significant lower levels of glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and total cholesterol while patients in G2 had significant lower serum levels in HbA1c and decreased body mass index after treatment. Patients in G1 also had an improvement in the sensitivity of insulin receptor shown by decreased levels of HOMA. In conclusion, data showed that addition of a healthy Andean snack to Mt‐treatment had a positive effect in the control of glycemia in individuals with poor control of T2D. Further studies are needed to establish the ideal dose of lupin snack in the treatment of T2D.Support or Funding InformationUniversidad Tecnológica EquinoccialUniversidad de las AméricasUnidad Municipal de Salud Norte Patronato San JoséInstituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIAP
Moringa leaf powder modulate reverse cholesterol transport without changing plasma lipids in guinea
Authors: Murillo Gabriela , Almatrafi Manal , Vergara‐Jimenez Marcela , Fernandez Maria Luz 
Published: November 2023

Leaves from the plant Moringa Oleifera have been found to improve insulin resistance, reduce inflammation and lower plasma lipids in several animal models. The polyphenols/flavonoids present in Moringa leaves (ML) appear to be the bioactive components responsible of these beneficial effects. In this study we hypothesized that Moringa leaves (ML) would improve lipid profile by modulating the size and number of lipoprotein subfractions (large, medium or small) and affect reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in guinea pigs. Twenty four 3‐month old male Hartley guinea pigs, were given a hypercholesterolemic diet with 0.25% cholesterol and were randomly allocated to either one of three Moringa groups (n=8/group): control (0% ML), Low Moringa (10% ML) or High Moringa (15% ML), corresponding to a daily intake of 0, 3 or 4.5 g ML/day. Animals consumed these diets for 6 weeks. Macro and micronutrients were adjusted for all diets, the only difference being the flavonoids and polyphenols present in ML. After sacrifice, blood was collected and plasma was obtained by centrifugation. Plasma was aliquoted to measure total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin. VLDL, LDL and HDL subfractions concentrations and size were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester protein (CETP) activities, major regulators of RCT, were also measured by fluorometric methods. Unexpectedly, no changes in plasma lipids, glucose or insulin were observed among groups. However both ML groups had lower concentrations of the medium HDL, which has been postulated to be pro‐atherogenic. Values were: 0.56 μmol/L for control, 0.11 ± 0.21 μmol/L for 10% ML and 0.21 ± 0.13 μmol/L for 15% ML groups. Further LCAT activity was increased by 55% (p< 0.05) by ML intake while CETP activity was not different among groups. These results suggest a potential role of ML in modulating RCTSupport or Funding InformationTaif University, Saudi Arabia
Impact of Walnut Supplementation on Dietary Change for Weight Loss
Authors: Neale Elizabeth , Batterham Marijka , Tapsell Linda 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundWeight gain is a consequence of total energy intake, but at the population level, consuming foods, such as nuts appears inversely associated with increasing weight. The reasons for this are unclear, but they could be examined in the context of dietary advice for weight loss. In this study we hypothesized that including walnuts in dietary advice influenced other food choices and overall weight loss.ObjectiveTo examine the impact of consuming walnuts in a weight loss intervention on body weight and consumption of key foods.MethodsTo examine the impact of actual walnut consumption, data from the intensive phase of the Health Track lifestyle intervention trial was analyzed. A per protocol analysis was conducted excluding non‐compliers to supplementation. Participants were overweight and obese adults (25–54yrs) from the Illawarra region of NSW, Australia. Participants were randomized to receive either general dietary advice (usual care, C), individualized dietary advice (intervention, I), or individualized advice including a supplement of 30g walnuts/day (IW). Changes in body weight, and intake of key foods were compared between study groups.ResultsData was available on n=263 participants with n=74 who were compliant to the walnut supplementation. Walnut consumers achieved the greatest weight loss (IW: −2.45kg [−5.23 – −0.48], I: (−2.00kg [−4.00 – −0.35], C: −1.60kg [−2.50 – −0.10]. Weight loss was significantly greater in the IW group than C (P=0.012). IW also reported significantly greater increases in intakes of fruit products and dishes (P=0.043) and decreases in intakes of discretionary foods/beverages than C (P=0.022).ConclusionsIn addition to individualized dietary advice, consuming 30 grams walnuts/day may lead to greater weight loss and more favorable changes in food choice.Support or Funding InformationThe Health Track study was funded by the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and the California Walnut Commission.
Time Trends and Patterns of Reported Egg Consumption in the U.S. by Sociodemographic Characteristics
Authors: Jahns Lisa , Conrad Zach , Johnson LuAnn K , Roemmich James N , Juan WenYen 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo 1) describe time trends of the percentage of individuals in the U.S that consume eggs, 2) describe time trends of the daily amount of eggs consumed per day, and 3) examine differences in the amount of eggs consumed per day; overall and by gender, age, income, education, race‐ethnicity, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation, and food security status.MethodsData on food consumption and sociodemographic characteristics were acquired from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2001–2012. Weighted linear regression models were used to test for time trends in the percentage of individuals aged 20+ who reported consuming eggs, and the amount of eggs consumed, among each sociodemographic group. To examine differences in the amount of eggs consumed per day between sociodemographic groups, data from all survey years were pooled. The National Cancer Institute's method was used to estimate usual intake, and standard errors were estimated using the balanced repeated replication method. Covariates included gender, age, race‐ethnicity, and survey year. Differences between means were tested using the z‐statistic, with Bonferroni's adjustment for multiple comparisons.ResultsThe percentage of the population that reported consuming eggs did not differ across survey years, overall or by sociodemographic group. The amount of eggs consumed increased by 11% from 2001–2002 to 2011–2012 (P=0.01). Egg consumption increased among women (P=0.02) but not men (P=0.16). No significant time trends were observed among age groups. Non‐Hispanc black individuals increased consumption by 15% (P=0.01), but there was no significant time trend among Mexican‐Americans or non‐Hispanic whites. Individuals classified as fully food secure reported a 20% increase (P=0.02) in egg consumption, but no time trends were observed among individuals of marginal or low/very low food security status. Individuals who were not income‐eligible for participation in SNAP increased their egg consumption (P=0.04), but no time trends were observed for SNAP participants and SNAP‐eligible non‐participants. No differences in consumption across survey years were observed by education level or by income. Pooled data showed that individuals with less than a high school education consumed more eggs than individuals that attended college. Non‐Hispanic whites consumed less eggs than Mexican‐Americans and non‐Hispanic blacks.ConclusionsEggs are nutritious and easy to prepare, so they may be a good food choice to improve nutritional status while keeping food costs low. Although per capita egg consumption increased over the study period it was limited to selected sociodemographic groups, and no trends were observed in the proportion of the population consuming eggs on a regular basis.Support or Funding InformationEgg Nutrition Center/American Egg Board and USDA‐ARS3062‐51000‐051‐00D
The Dairy Food Group Contributes Essential Nutrients to the Diets of Children and Adults
Authors: Cifelli Christopher J. , Houchins Jenny A , Demmer Elieke , Fulgoni Victor L. 
Published: November 2023

Milk and dairy foods (e.g., cheese, yogurt, and dairy drinks and substitutes) are a critical component of healthy eating patterns encouraged by the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) because of the important nutrients they can contribute to the overall diets of Americans. The goal of this project was to estimate the nutrient contribution that dairy products provide to children and adults, including dairy foods specifically and also dairy products used as part of mixed dishes. Data from the dietary component of 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used in this study. The Food Pattern Equivalents Database (FPED) was used to determine the number of cup equivalents for the dairy foods milk, cheese, and yogurt as consumed (hand matching new foods to similar ones). Additionally, the Food Patterns Equivalents Ingredient Database (FPID) was used to determine the amount of dairy present in different mixed dishes (e.g., cheese on sandwiches and pizza). The data obtained from FPED and FPID were used to estimate the total amount of dairy foods consumed as cup equivalents and ultimately the nutrients these foods provided to the overall diet. On average, children and adolescents 2–18 years (n=5,879) consumed 2.3 cup equivalents of total dairy per day, and 68% consume below the recommended amount for a healthy dietary pattern. In children and adolescents aged 2–18 years dairy foods contributed only 15.7% of total calories but provided 64.8% of the calcium, 72.9% of the vitamin D, 41.9% of the vitamin A, 39.9% of the vitamin B12, 38.9% of the phosphorus, 38.1% of the riboflavin, 25.8% of the protein, and 25.1% of the potassium. However, dairy foods also contributed 34.5% of the saturated fat, 20.1% of total fat, 14.5% of sodium and 7.3% of added sugars to the diets of children and adolescents. Similar results were observed in adults 19 years and older (n=9,954) who consumed 1.6 cup equivalents of total dairy per day, on average. Ninety‐two percent of adults consumed less than the recommended 3 cup equivalents of dairy per day, yet dairy foods contributed 52.3% of the calcium, 51.8% of the vitamin D, 27% of the vitamin A, 26% of the phosphorus, and 25.3% of the vitamin B12 to the diets of adults, while only providing 10.1% of total calories. Dairy foods also contributed 26% of saturated fat, 14.2% of total fat, and 10.2% of sodium to the diets of adults. The results of this analysis show that dairy foods, such as milk, cheese, and yogurt, make significant nutrient contributions to the diets of Americans. These include under consumed nutrients called out by the DGA as “nutrients of public health concern”, specifically calcium, vitamin D and potassium. Consumption of dairy foods at recommended levels, preferably in the most nutrient dense versions, should continue to be encouraged to support healthy eating patterns.Support or Funding InformationFunding for this work was provided by the National Dairy Council
Patterns of Ready‐to‐Eat Cereal Consumption and Nutrient Intakes Among Ready‐to‐Eat Cereal Eaters: Results from NHANES 2013–2014
Authors: Smith Jessica , Garcia‐Bailo Bibiana , Vanage Vipra , Shiery Lesley 
Published: November 2023

Ready‐to‐eat (RTE) cereal intake has previously been associated with improved nutrient intakes in both children and adults in the U.S. With this research, our objective was to investigate the latest patterns of RTE cereal consumption, as well as the contribution of RTE cereal to nutrient intakes in a representative sample of the U.S. population. Using data from the National Health and Examination Survey 2013–2014, we classified children (4–12 years; n = 1,540), adolescents (13–18 years; n = 992) and adults (≥19 years; n = 5,076) as RTE cereal consumers or RTE cereal non‐consumers according to one‐day 24 hour dietary recall data. Using appropriate study weights, we found that 40% of children, 27% of adolescents and 20% of adults reported consuming RTE cereal. The majority of RTE cereal was consumed at breakfast (84%, 82% and 80% of RTE cereal for children, teens, and adults, respectively) although RTE cereal consumption was reported at all eating occasions (lunch, dinner and snacks). The mean ± standard error serving size for all RTE cereals, including light‐weight, medium‐weight and heavy‐weight cereals as defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, at breakfast was 35±2 g for children, 48±4g for adolescents and 50±2g for adults. The mean serving size of RTE cereal for snacks, the next most frequently reported eating occasion for RTE cereal, was smaller at 30±2g for children, 49±7g for teens, and 45±3g for adults. Taken together, the majority (44%, n=116) of children, adolescents and adults who reported consuming RTE cereal as a snack had it in the evening (8pm to midnight). When comparing total day nutrient intakes between RTE cereal consumers and RTE cereal non‐consumers, we found that children, adolescents and adults who consumed RTE cereal had higher intake of several nutrients including B‐vitamins, calcium, fiber, iron, magnesium, vitamin A, vitamin D, and zinc while intake of total fat and sodium were lower among RTE cereal eater (all p<0.05). There was no difference total energy intake between RTE cereal consumers and non‐consumers for children, teens and adults. Total sugar intake did not differ between RTE cereal consumers and RTE cereal non‐consumers for children (110±3 g/day vs 115±3 g/day, p=0.20) and teens (123±4 g/day vs 121±5 g/day, p=0.77) although it was higher in adults (109±1 vs 122±4 g/day, p=0.01). RTE cereal contributions to daily nutrient intakes were 23–57% for B‐vitamins, 6% for calcium, 17–20% for fiber, 46–54% for iron, 10–11% for magnesium, 28–34% for vitamin A, 19–22% for vitamin D, and 29–38% for zinc while contributing 8–10% of daily energy intake. Overall, these findings indicate that RTE cereal is a popular breakfast and snack food that makes important contributions to total nutrient intake in children, adolescents and adults.Support or Funding InformationFunded by the Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Inc.
Socioeconomic Disparities in the Prevalence of Coexistence of Metabolic Syndrome and Osteopenia among Postmenopausal Women in South Korea: The 2008–2011 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination (KNHANES)
Authors: Lee Hansngyi , Lim Hyunjung 
Published: November 2023

AimsSeveral studies examined the association between health outcomes and socio‐demographic characteristics among adults with metabolic syndrome or osteoporosis. We examined whether socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in the prevalence of coexistence metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteopenia (OP) among postmenopausal women.MethodsData from 2008–2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 1991 postmenopausal women aged 45–65 years were classified as neither MetS nor OP (Normal), MetS, OP, and both MetS and OP (MetS+OP). SES such as education, household income, place of residence, and employment status were investigated. Health‐related behaviors (e.g., physical activity, alcohol, and smoking) as well as daily energy intake were obtained as covariates. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association.ResultsThe prevalence of normal, MetS, OP, and MetS+OP was 13.9%, 10.2%, 43.6%, and 32.5%, respectively. Distributions of education level, household income, and employment status were significantly different among the groups (P<0.05). The low‐income and low‐education women had higher prevalence for coexistence MetS and OP (42.3%), while high‐income and high‐education women had lower prevalence (6.7%). After controlling for covariates, the low‐income and low education women was more likely to have MetS+OP (odds ratio 1.97 [95% CI 1.04–3.72]); the high‐income and high education group was 70% less likely to have MetS+OP (0.30 [0.10–0.86]) compared with the middle‐income and middle education group.ConclusionThe findings suggest that the lowest SES (lower income and lower education levels) are strongly associate with prevalence for coexistence MetS and OP among postmenopausal women, and that efforts to promote among low‐SES women warranted.
Environmental exposure to cadmium is decreasing among adults and children in the US
Authors: Vance Terrence M 
Published: November 2023

Cadmium is a toxic transition metal with no known essential function in humans. A significant, but uncommon, source of cadmium exposure is occupation. More common sources of exposure are tobacco smoke and diet. While exposure is typically low among the general population, the human body has no effective way of eliminating cadmium. Chronic exposure to high amounts of cadmium has been associated with a greater risk of renal damage, heart disease, and several types of cancer. The cadmium from tobacco smoke and diet is predominantly industrial in origin. Cadmium is produced by and used in industrial processes, deposited in the soil, and may eventually be absorbed by plants or dissolved in water. Partly because of environmental and health concerns, the production and use of cadmium has been decreasing in the US over the past few decades. The objective of the current study was to examine the trends in and sources of cadmium exposure using data from NHANES 2003–2012 and the US Geological Survey. Blood and urinary levels of cadmium were used to assess cadmium exposure. After excluding people who lacked data on blood or urinary cadmium or smoking exposure, blood cadmium data were available for 22,728 adults (age > 20 years) and 13,063 children and adolescents (age < 20 years) and urinary cadmium data were available for 7,530 adults and 3,618 children and adolescents. Because smoking is the most significant source of cadmium exposure among the general US population, analyses of adults were stratified by smoking status (defined as never, past, or current). All analyses were further adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index, serum cotinine, and poverty income ratio. From 2003 to 2012, blood cadmium levels decreased 3% and 7% among never and past smokers, respectively, and increased 4% among current smokers; however, none of these trends were statistically significant. Over the same time period, urinary cadmium levels decreased among never smokers by 17% (0.27 vs 0.22 μg/g creatinine, P‐trend < 0.0001), past smokers by 25% (0.36 vs 0.27 μg/g creatinine, P‐trend = 0.0004), and current smokers by 8% (0.38 vs 0.35 μg/g creatinine, P‐trend = 0.0483). Similar trends were observed among children and adolescents, with no change in blood cadmium and a 16% decrease in urinary cadmium (0.10 vs 0.08 μg/g creatinine, P‐trend = 0.0035). Over approximately the same time period, industrial production of cadmium decreased from 1,450 to 637 metric tons and apparent consumption decreased from 1,420 to 703 tons. The trends in urinary cadmium levels closely mirror that of industrial cadmium production and apparent consumption. These results suggest that industrial production and environmental contamination are important contributors to cadmium exposure in the US population, and exposure from these sources is decreasing.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the SUNY College at Plattsburgh School of Education, Health & Human Services