bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspek Yuridis Transaksi Menggunakan Valuta Asing
Authors: Arganto Gracia Maydelin , Syaputri Martika Dini 
Published: February 2024

Kegiatan bisnis akan selalu melekat pada diri manusia, demi memenuhi kebutuhannya agar dapat bertahan hidup. Bisnis tetap memiliki aturan yang khusus terlebih dalam proses transaksi. Para pelaku bisnis dalam membuat perjanjian tentu selalu mempertimbangkan hal yang menguntungkan, oleh karena itu tidak sedikit para pelaku bisnis menggunakan perjanjian menggunakan satuan valuta asing guna memperoleh keuntungan yang lebih tinggi. Valuta asing merupakan mata uang yang bisa digunakan pada proses perdagangan internasional atau hal lainnya yang tidak melanggar Undang-Undang. Artikel ini mengkaji mengenai keabsahan transaksi menggunakan valuta asing pada wilayah Indonesia serta penyelesaian sengketa wanprestasi apabila menggunakan satuan valuta asing pada sebuah perjanjian. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan peneliti adalah penelitian hukum normative dan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi sengketa pada sebuah perjanjian yang menggunakan valuta asing adalah adanya fluktuasi mengenai valuta asing serta perbedaan kurs yang cukup signifikan serta kepastian hukum penggunaan valuta asing apabila digunakan pada Wilayah Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Hal yang dikecualikan oleh UU No. 7 Tahun 2011 tentang mata uang serta Peraturan Bank Indonesia No. 17/3/PBI/2015 tentang kewajiban penggunaan rupiah di wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia menyatakan mengenai keabsahan penggunaan valuta asing serta penyelesaian suatu kewajiban apabila kedua belah pihak memiliki perjanjian secara tertulis. Sesuai dengan Yurisprudensi No.1/Yur/Pdt/2018 menyatakan bahwa pada penyelesaian ganti rugi terhadap adanya wanprestasi yang menggunakan valuta asing diharuskan menggunakan kurs tengah Bank Indonesia. Hal tersebut harus tetap menyesuaikan dengan Pasal 21 Ayat (1) UU No.7 Tahun 2011 tentang Mata Uang.
PENERAPAN SISTEM AKUNTANSI INSTANSI PADA DINAS SOSIAL DAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT KOTA GOTONTALO
Authors: Hasan Fendi , Mahmud Melizubaida , Panigoro Meyko , Hasiru Roy 
Published: February 2024

This research aims to determine how the implementation of institutional accounting systems in the Department of Social Affairs and Community empowerment of Gorontalo City. Meanwhile, data are collected through documentation, observatioan, and interviews involving two key informants. This research employs the qualitative descriptive research method, which describes the research variables in a qualitative understanding.The result indicate that the Department of Social Affairs and Community Empowerment of Gorontalo City has implemented the Institutional Accounting System (SAI) using the computerized SIPD and ETMIS applications that are running smoothly. As a result, the financial reports produced can provide better benefits for stakeholders, both users and financial report examiners, such as providing more comprehensive information. Not only does it show the achievement of budget realization, but the data produced is also more valid, making it easier to make decisions. The work can be completed well with supporting factors such as adequate human resources, technology, and facilities and equipment. In the meantime, the networkand input errors in implementing this institutional accounting system are inhibiting factors which can hinder work at the Department of Social Affairs and Communty Empowerment of Gorontalo City. However, these problems were promptly corrected at the time.
What is discourse? Returning to the “hidden” Saussure
Authors: Золян С.Т. 
Published: February 2024

В статье рассматривается понятие дискурса в его соотношении с классической триадой Фердинанда де Соссюра «языковая деятельность — язык — речь» (langage — langue — parole). Это понятие появляется в 1943 году у Эрика Бюиссанса в полемике с Ф. де Соссюром. Им, а впоследствии и другими лингвистами, было показано, что триада Соссюра недостаточна, поскольку нет непосредственного перехода от языка-как-системы (langue) к языку-как-де-ятельности (langage) и от языка-как-системы (langue) к речи. Понятие дискурса было призвано служить связующей сферой между ними. Однако посмертная публикация черновых записей Соссюра показывает, что, во-первых, сам Соссюр осознавал неполноту подобной триады. Знакомая нам в ее хрестоматийной интерпретации триада langage — langue — parole в рукописях Соссюра предстает скорее как процесс поисков, а не окончательное решение. Во-вторых, редакторы последовательно элиминировали сам термин «дискурс». Этот термин использовался Соссюром в различных значениях, их смысловое ядро можно свести к такому: «элементы языка в их употреблении». Некоторые заметки Соссюра публикаторам были неизвестны, в том числе и так называемая «оранжерейная» рукопись. В этой рукописи есть цельная заметка о том, что дискурс — это дополнительный по отношению к языку как системе порядок организации смысловых единиц языка. Такое понимание дискурса Соссюром близко к представлениям современных исследователей.
We address the conception of discourse in its connection with Ferdinand de Saussure’s classical triad langage — langue — parole. This concept appeared in 1943 in Eric Buissance’s polemics with F. de Saussure. He, and later tother linguists, have demonstrated that Saussure’s triad is insufficient, since there is no direct transition from language-as-system (langue) to language-as-activity (langage) and from language-as-system (langue) to speech. The concept of discourse was introduced as a connecting domain between them. However, the posthumous publication of Saussure’s drafts shows that, firstly, Saussure was aware of the incompleteness of such a triad. In his manuscripts, the triad langage-langue-parole, instead of its well-known in its textbook interpretation, appears more as a process of search than an ultimate solution. Secondly, the editors of the Course consistently eliminated the term discourse. This term was used by Saussure in various meanings, their semantic core can be reduced to the following: the elements of language in their use. Some of Saussure’s notes were unfamiliar to the publishers, including the so-called Orangery Manuscript. In this manuscript there is a complete note that discourse is an additional order of organizing semantic units of language in relation to language as a system. Saussure’s understanding of discourse is close to the conceptions of modern researchers.
The Relationship of Self Efficacy with Burnout Syndrome in Nursing Professional Students
Authors: Damayanti Rizka Dwi , Qowi Nurul Hikmatul , Ubudiyah Masunatul 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Burnout is a major problem for students as they face a variety of academic, social, and personal challenges. Burnout can cause negative behavior in students such as unreal in doing coursework, negative expression, not attending lectures, low motivation, dropping out and so on. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and Burnout in professional studentsMethods: This study used a correlational analytical design with a cross sectional approach using the Simple Random Sampling (SRS) Technique, 89 respondents were obtained. The study data were taken using the General Self Efficacy Scale questionnaire. to measure self-efficacy and the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire to measure Burnout. Data analysis using Spearman rhoResults: 82% of students had moderate self-efficacy and 73% had moderate burnout. The spearmans rho test showed indigo p = 0.609 with RS = -0.055, which means that there was no significant relationship between self-efficacy and Burnout in ners professional studentsConclusion: The results showed that the high and low Self Efficacy of professional students will not affect the level of student burnoutKeywords: Self Efficcay, Burnout, Nursing Students
Exoplanet Analog Observations of Earth from Galileo Disk-integrated Photometry
Authors: Strauss Ryder H. , Robinson Tyler D. , Trilling David E. , Cummings Ryan , Smith Christopher J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Galileo spacecraft had distant encounters with Earth in 1990 and 1992. Limited Solid State Imager (SSI) data acquired during these encounters has been previously presented, but the majority of the data from these Earth flybys have not been presented in the literature. Observations of Earth taken from afar are both rare and directly relevant to the development of any future exo-Earth direct imaging mission. Here we present a pipeline that vets, calibrates, and measures the disk-integrated brightness of the Earth, in multiple filters, from the complete SSI data sets from both the 1990 and 1992 Galileo flybys. The result is over 1500 usable photometric measurements for Earth as an analog for an exoplanet. The 1990 data set includes full rotational lightcurves in six bandpasses spanning the optical range. The 1992 data set is more limited, with lightcurves only spanning 14 hr. Time-averaged photometry for both encounters is presented while variability and color are discussed relative to findings from NASA’s EPOXI mission (which also provided photometric lighturves for Earth). The new Galileo/SSI data are used to further validate the Virtual Planetary Laboratory 3D spectral Earth model, which often serves as a stand-in for true disk-integrated observations of our planet. The revived Galileo/SSI data for Earth is a testament to the ability of NASA’s Planetary Data System to maintain data over decades-long timescales. The disk-integrated products derived from these data add to a very short list of calibrated and published whole-disk observations of the Pale Blue Dot.
Study of Iron and Stony Meteorite Ablation Based on Simulation Experiments in an Arc Heater
Authors: Wang Lei , Dang Lei Ning , Yang Ling Wei , Liu Jin Bo , Huang Jie , Huang Zhen Jun , Yang Jing Kang , Luo Yue 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
To observe meteorite ablation, simulation experiments were conducted on the L5 ordinary chondrite and IAB-MG iron meteorites in an arc-heated facility and three flight conditions were reproduced. To mimic the high heating rates and the significant shear stress that meteorites experience during Earth entry, the samples were machined into 9° spherical cones with a 20 mm nose radius. High-quality video, the surface temperature, a time-resolved spectrum, and infrared video were recorded. The atom species were determined via spectroscopy to analyze the ablation products. Due to the electrode erosion and dissociation of air, the atomic lines of copper, nitrogen, and oxygen were detected in all the tests. Although the copper atom is a pollutant to the flow field, the five copper lines were used to determine the flow-field temperature. The ablation rates and effective heat of ablation of both the samples were measured under different conditions. The results indicate that shear stress is the dominant factor influencing meteorite ablation. Furthermore, the diversity between stony and iron meteorites suggests that the mass loss of stony meteorites depends on the fragmentation of the main body and that of iron meteorites depends on the shearing loss of the molten layer. Then, the fusion crusts were analyzed, the microstructures of the samples were obtained, the crust thicknesses were measured, and the elemental distribution of the stony meteorites was determined via energy dispersion spectroscopy. The study results explain the differences in the ablation and recrystallization process between stony and iron meteorites.
The Asteroseismological Richness of RCB and dLHdC Stars
Authors: Wong Tin Long Sunny , Bildsten Lars 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
RCB stars are L ≈ 104
L
⊙ solar-mass objects that can exhibit large periods of extinction from dust ejection episodes. Many exhibit semi-regular pulsations in the range of 30–50 days with semi-amplitudes of 0.05–0.3 mag. Space-based photometry has discovered that solar-like oscillations are ubiquitous in hydrogen-dominated stars that have substantial outer convective envelopes, so we explore the hypothesis that the pulsations in RCB stars and the closely related dustless hydrogen-deficient carbon (dLHdC) stars, which have large convective outer envelopes of nearly pure helium, have a similar origin. Through stellar modeling and pulsation calculations, we find that the observed periods and amplitudes of these pulsations follows the well-measured phenomenology of their H-rich brethren. In particular, we show that the observed modes are likely of angular orders l = 0, 1, and 2 and predominantly of an acoustic nature (i.e., p-modes with low radial order). The modes with largest amplitude are near the acoustic cutoff frequency appropriately rescaled to the helium-dominated envelope, and the observed amplitudes are consistent with that seen in high-luminosity (L > 103
L
⊙) H-rich giants. We also find that for T
eff ≳ 5400 K, an hydrogen-deficient carbon stellar model exhibits a radiative layer between two outer convective zones, creating a g-mode cavity that supports much longer period (≈100 days) oscillations. Our initial work was focused primarily on the adiabatic modes, but we expect that subsequent space-based observations of these targets (e.g., with TESS or Plato) are likely to lead to a larger set of detected frequencies that would allow for a deeper study of the interiors of these rare stars.
Molecular Outflow in the Reionization-epoch Quasar J2054-0005 Revealed by OH 119 μm Observations
Authors: Salak Dragan , Hashimoto Takuya , Inoue Akio K. , C. Bakx Tom J. L. , Donevski Darko , Tamura Yoichi , Sugahara Yuma , Kuno Nario , Miyamoto Yusuke , Fujimoto Seiji , Suphapolthaworn Suphakorn 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Molecular outflows are expected to play a key role in galaxy evolution at high redshift. To study the impact of outflows on star formation at the epoch of reionization, we performed sensitive Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of OH 119 μm toward J2054-0005, a luminous quasar at z = 6.04. The OH line is detected and exhibits a P-Cygni profile that can be fitted with a broad blueshifted absorption component, providing unambiguous evidence of an outflow, and an emission component at near-systemic velocity. The mean and terminal outflow velocities are estimated to be v
out ≈ 670 and 1500 km s−1, respectively, making the molecular outflow in this quasar one of the fastest at the epoch of reionization. The OH line is marginally spatially resolved for the first time in a quasar at z > 6, revealing that the outflow extends over the central 2 kpc region. The mass outflow rate is comparable to the star formation rate (

M

̇

out

/

SFR
∼
2

), indicating rapid (∼107 yr) quenching of star formation. The mass outflow rate in a sample of star-forming galaxies and quasars at 4 < z < 6.4 exhibits a positive correlation with the total infrared luminosity, although the scatter is large. Owing to the high outflow velocity, a large fraction (up to ∼50%) of the outflowing molecular gas may be able to escape from the host galaxy into the intergalactic medium.
Low- and High-velocity O vi in Milky Way-like Galaxies: The Role of Stellar Feedback
Authors: Zhang 张 Zhijie 志杰 , Zhang 张 Xiaoxia 小霞 , Li 李 Hui 辉 , Fang 方 Taotao 陶陶 , Yu 余 Qingzheng 清正 , Luo 罗 Yang 阳 , Marinacci Federico , Sales Laura V. , Torrey Paul , Vogelsberger Mark 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Milky Way-type galaxies are surrounded by a warm-hot gaseous halo containing a considerable amount of baryons and metals. The kinematics and spatial distribution of highly ionized ion species such as O vi can be significantly affected by supernova (SN) explosions and early (pre-SN) stellar feedback (e.g., stellar winds, radiation pressure). Here we investigate effects of stellar feedback on O vi absorptions in Milky Way−like galaxies by analyzing the suites of high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations under the framework of SMUGGLE, a physically motivated subgrid interstellar medium and stellar feedback model for the moving-mesh code Arepo. We find that the fiducial run with the full suite of stellar feedback and moderate star formation activities can reasonably reproduce Galactic O vi absorptions observed by space telescopes such as the Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer, including the scale height of low-velocity (∣v
LSR∣ < 100 km s−1) O vi, the column density–line width relation for high-velocity (100 km s−1 ≤ ∣v
LSR∣ < 400 km s−1) O vi, and the cumulative O vi column densities. In contrast, model variations with more intense star formation activities deviate from observations further. Additionally, we find that the run considering only SN feedback is in broad agreement with the observations, whereas in runs without SN feedback this agreement is absent, which indicates a dominant role of SN feedback in heating and accelerating interstellar O vi. This is consistent with the current picture that interstellar O vi is predominantly produced by collisional ionization where mechanical feedback can play a central role. In contrast, photoionization is negligible for O vi production owing to the lack of high-energy (≳114 eV) photons required.
Exploring Primordial Curvature Perturbation on Small Scales with the Lensing Effect of Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Zhou Huan , Li Zhengxiang , Zhu Zong-Hong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cosmological observations, e.g., cosmic microwave background, have precisely measured the spectrum of primordial curvature perturbation on larger scales, but smaller scales are still poorly constrained. Since primordial black holes (PBHs) could form in the very early Universe through the gravitational collapse of primordial density perturbations, constraints on the PBH could encode much information on primordial fluctuations. In this work, we first derive a simple formula for the lensing effect to apply PBH constraints with the monochromatic mass distribution to an extended mass distribution. Then, we investigate the latest fast radio burst observations with this relationship to constrain two kinds of primordial curvature perturbation models on small scales. This suggests that, from the null search result of lensed fast radio bursts in currently available observations, the amplitude of primordial curvature perturbation should be less than 8 × 10−2 at the scale region of 105–106 Mpc−1. This corresponds to an interesting mass range relating to binary black holes detected by LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA and future Einstein Telescope or Cosmic Explorer.
Detectability of Strongly Gravitationally Lensed Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Lu Youjun , Chen Yunfeng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
More than 100 tidal disruption events (TDEs) have been detected at multiple bands, which can be viewed as extreme laboratories to investigate the accretion physics and gravity in the immediate vicinity of massive black holes. Future transient surveys are expected to detect several tens of thousands of TDEs, among which a small fraction may be strongly gravitationally lensed by intervening galaxies. In this paper, we statistically estimate the detection rate of lensed TDEs, with dependence on the limiting magnitude of the transient all-sky surveys searching for them. We find that the requisite limiting magnitude for an all-sky transient survey to observe at least 1 yr−1 is ≳21.3, 21.2, and 21.5 mag in the u, g, and z bands, respectively. If the limiting magnitude of the all-sky survey can reach ∼25–26 mag in the u, g, and z bands, the detection rate can be up to about several tens to hundreds per year. The discovery and identification of the first image of the lensed TDE can be taken as an early warning of the second and other subsequent images, which may enable detailed monitoring of the pre-peak photometry and spectroscopy evolution of the TDE. The additional early-stage information may help to constrain the dynamical and radiation processes involved in the TDEs.
Improving Solar Energetic Particle Event Prediction through Multivariate Time Series Data Augmentation
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Pouya , Filali Boubrahimi Soukaina , Hamdi Shah Muhammad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are associated with extreme solar events that can cause major damage to space- and ground-based life and infrastructure. High-intensity SEP events, particularly ∼100 MeV SEP events, can pose severe health risks for astronauts owing to radiation exposure and affect Earth’s orbiting satellites (e.g., Landsat and the International Space Station). A major challenge in the SEP event prediction task is the lack of adequate SEP data because of the rarity of these events. In this work, we aim to improve the prediction of ∼30, ∼60, and ∼100 MeV SEP events by synthetically increasing the number of SEP samples. We explore the use of a univariate and multivariate time series of proton flux data as input to machine-learning-based prediction methods, such as time series forest (TSF). Our study covers solar cycles 22, 23, and 24. Our findings show that using data augmentation methods, such as the synthetic minority oversampling technique, remarkably increases the accuracy and F1-score of the classifiers used in this research, especially for TSF, where the average accuracy increased by 20%, reaching around 90% accuracy in the ∼100 MeV SEP prediction task. We also achieved higher prediction accuracy when using the multivariate time series data of the proton flux. Finally, we build a pipeline framework for our best-performing model, TSF, and provide a comprehensive hierarchical classification of the ∼100, ∼60, and ∼30 MeV and non-SEP prediction scenarios.
Scleritis and Development of Immune-Mediated Disease: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Morrison Tessalyn , Gottman Moriah , Do Toan , Rosenbaum James T. , Ghetie Daniela , Friedman Marcia 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveScleritis may be idiopathic or caused by trauma, infections, or an immune-mediated disease (IMD). Our study aimed to understand the relationship between scleritis and IMD, including presenting characteristics, serologies, and treatment course. Understanding these associations may allow clinicians to risk-stratify patients and predict their clinical and treatment course.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of 341 patients with scleritis seen at a tertiary care center between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2020. Demographics, scleritis characteristics, treatment response, recurrence, and serologic data were compared among patients with idiopathic and IMD-associated scleritis.ResultsAmong patients with scleritis seen, 145 patients (43%) had an associated IMD, most commonly rheumatoid arthritis (RA; 39%), vasculitis (21%), or inflammatory bowel disease (14%). In most cases, the IMD diagnosis predated the scleritis presentation (63%), though vasculitis cases were more likely to develop during or after scleritis episodes. There were no significant differences in demographics or treatment failures among patients with scleritis with and without associated IMDs. Patients with IMDs were more likely to have a recurrence of scleritis (62% vs 49%,P= 0.02).ConclusionAt our ophthalmology center, 43% of patients with scleritis had an associated IMD, and most patients with an IMD were symptomatic from this disease prior to scleritis presentation. RA was the most commonly associated condition and typically predated the scleritis, whereas vasculitis was more likely diagnosed during or after the scleritis episode. Scleritis among patients with IMD is more likely to recur compared to scleritis that is idiopathic.