bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Token Economy Therapy in Reducing the Psychological Burden of Formal Caregivers
Authors: Lawrence Kehinde C. , Makhonza Lindokuhle O. , Aliya Mambetalina S. 
Published: November 2023

Background:
The responsibilities of providing care and support for individuals suffering from any form of illness sometimes impose psychological burdens of the care providers.

Objective:
The major concern of this study was to examine whether token economy therapy (TET) can effectively reduce the psychological burden of formal caregivers in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methods:
A quasi-experimental design was adopted. Two secondary health centres in Ibadan were purposively selected, while paid caregivers were randomized into intervention (15) and control (15) groups. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested at a 0.05 significance level using Analysis of Covariance as a statistical analysis.

Results:
Findings revealed that the main effect of treatment was significant on the psychological burden (F (1, 29) = 725.492, partial; ῆ2 = 0.962). Furthermore, participants in the TET group had a post-treatment mean score of (χ=70.410) and those in the control group had (χ=31.335).

Conclusion:
The study concludes that TET was effective in reducing the psychological burden among health caregivers in state hospitals in Ibadan and was recommended as a treatment modality to reduce psychological burden.
Honoring the Care Experiences of Chinese Canadian Survivors of Prostate Cancer to Cultivate Cultural Safety and Relationality in Digital Health: Exploratory-Descriptive Qualitative Study
Authors: Young Karen , Xiong Ting , Lee Rachel , Banerjee Ananya Tina , Leslie Myles , Ko Wellam Yu , Guo Julia Yu Jia , Pham Quynh 
Published: November 2023

Background
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed nonskin cancer for Canadian men and has one of the highest 5-year survival rates, straining systems to provide care. Virtual care can be one way to relieve this strain, but survivors’ care needs and technology use are influenced by intersecting social and cultural structures. Cultural adaptation has been posited as an effective method to tailor existing interventions to better serve racialized communities, including Chinese men. However, cultural adaptations may inadvertently draw attention away from addressing structural inequities.

Objective
This study used qualitative methods to (1) explore the perceptions and experiences of Chinese Canadian PCa survivors with follow-up and virtual care, and (2) identify implications for the cultural adaptation of a PCa follow-up care app, the Ned (no evidence of disease) Clinic.

Methods
An axiology of relational accountability and a relational paradigm underpinned our phenomenologically informed exploratory-descriptive qualitative study design. A community-based participatory approach was used, informed by cultural safety and user-centered design principles, to invite Chinese Canadian PCa survivors and their caregivers to share their stories. Data were inductively analyzed to explore their unmet needs, common experiences, and levels of digital literacy.

Results
Unmet needs and technology preferences were similar to broader trends within the wider community of PCa survivors. However, participants indicated that they felt uncomfortable, unable to, or ignored when expressing their needs. Responses spoke to a sense of isolation and reflected a reliance on culturally informed coping mechanisms, such as “eating bitterness,” and familial assistance to overcome systemic barriers and gaps in care. Moreover, virtual care was viewed as “better than nothing;” it did not change a perceived lack of focus on improving quality of life or care continuity in survivorship care. Systemic changes were identified as likely to be more effective in improving care delivery and well-being rather than the cultural adaptation of Ned for Chinese Canadians. Participants’ desires for care reflected accessibility issues that were not culturally specific to Chinese Canadians.

Conclusions
Chinese Canadian survivors are seeking to strengthen their connections in a health care system that provides privacy and accessibility, protects relationality, and promotes transparency, accountability, and responsibility. Designing “trickle-up” adaptations that address structural inequities and emphasize accessibility, relationality, and privacy may be more effective and efficient at improving care than creating cultural adaptations of interventions.
Optimization of Carbopol, CMN-Na, Gelatin, and In Vitro Activity Test of 4-Hydroxy Chalcone Gel as Sunscreen
Authors: Zulkarnain Abdul Karim , Jumina Jumina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract: The 4-hydroxychalcone compound is a flavonoid derivative that has benzene rings with unsaturated chains and a chromophore group, which can absorb UV rays and reduce the intensity of radiation exposure to the skin. This study aims to examine the effect of gelling agents on the physical properties of gel preparations, optimum formula stability, and activity of 4-hydroxychalcone gel as a sunscreen in vitro. Base optimization was carried out using Design Expert software version 10 with the simplex lattice design method and variations in gelling agent concentrations, namely carbopol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na), and gelatin. The activity of 4-hydroxychalcone sunscreen gel was determined spectrophotometrically by determining the Sun Protecting Factor (SPF) value, the percentage of erythema transmission (%TE), and the percentage of pigmentation transmission (%TP). Data were analyzed statistically with SPSS software. The results showed that the optimum formula composition was obtained at a concentration of 0.67% carbopol, 2% CMC-Na, and 1.83% gelatin. The optimum formula of 0.5% 4-hydroxychalcone gel was stable during storage at room temperature and did not experience syneresis during 72 hours of storage at ± 10°C. The 0.5% 4-hydroxychalcone gel gave an SPF value of 27.37 % TE was 1.76% and % TP was 10.21%, therefore it is categorized as a sunblock.
Latvijas nacionālo partizānu darbība 1944. gadā – 50. gados: atspoguļojums Latvijas historiogrāfijā
Authors: Ratnieks Reinis 
Published: November 2023

Rakstā aplūkotas nozīmīgākās tendences un atziņas pētījumos Latvijas historiogrāfijā par Latvijas nacionālo partizānu darbību no 1944. gada līdz 50. gadiem. Veikta pēc valsts neatkarības atgūšanas izdoto zinātnisko publikāciju analīze, lai noteiktu galvenos pēt-niecības virzienus un būtiskākos spriedumus, uz kuriem balstīti līdzšinējie priekšstati par pēckara nacionālo bruņoto pretošanās kustību un tās nozīmi PSRS okupācijas laikā. Aktuālu pētniecības jautājumu identificēšanai analizētas arī pētījumos konstatējamās problēmas un viedokļu atšķirības, kas līdz šim Latvijas historiogrāfijā ir darīts minimāli. Raksta mērķis ir novērtēt Latvijas nacionālo partizānu darbības vēstures izpētes stāvokli Latvijas historiogrāfijā.
Reflection Techniques: An Alternative in Improving Counselors' Understanding of Client Characteristics
Authors: Umami Fitria , Hariko Rezki , Karneli Yeni 
Published: November 2023

<table class="data" width="100%"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td class="label" width="20%"> </td></tr></tbody></table><span>Reflection technique is one of the tools used by counselors in understanding the characteristics and conditions of clients. In this case the reflection technique is used to help problems related to self-awareness. The level of self-awareness of each individual varies, ranging from high levels to low levels. But generally what we most often encounter are individuals with low levels of self-awareness and this can also be related to the sense of responsibility of the individual himself, thus if the level of self-awareness is low then the sense of responsibility he has is also low. For this reason, the reflection technique was chosen by the author in understanding the client's characteristics. This reflection technique is one of the counseling techniques that involves thoughts, feelings and experiences for that it will be easier for researchers to get results. If the researcher is able to understand what the client is feeling, a warm relationship will also be established between the parties involved. Clients will feel comfortable to be invited for interviews and discussions of what is going on in him now. That is the importance of the counselor and client to establish a close relationship and even friendship with one another.</span>
Nem Deus, nem amo
Authors: Rudy Antonio Cleber 
Published: November 2023

A implantação da República no Brasil, em 1889, intensificou discussões de teor anticlerical que eram fomentadas, entre outros, por livre-pensadores, maçons, socialistas e anarquistas, especialmente devido à entrada no País de congregações religiosas identificadas com o catolicismo ultramontano. Diante disso, neste artigo trataremos da propaganda de combate a Igreja promovida pela imprensa anarquista junto ao movimento operário, que por intermédio do jornal A Lanterna (1901-1904; 1909-1916), trouxe no seu arcabouço também proposições antirreligiosas. Logo, os anarquistas desempenharam um importante papel, via imprensa e na criação de entidades de luta que instigaram o debate social acerca das ingerências do clero católico na sociedade civil (clericalismo), seguida de fortes críticas as instituições religiosas (e a própria religião) que, segundo a ótica libertária, configuravam-se em obstáculos a liberdade de pensamento e a transformação social.
The Element of Physical Reality Hidden in the Letter of Malus to Lancret in 1800 can Solve the EPR Paradox (Malus Thermochromatic Loophole)
Authors: Stávek Jiří 
Published: November 2023

It is extremely difficult to discover an element of physical reality that might solve the “spooky action at a distance” formulated by Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen known as the EPR paradox. One very promising candidate was recently discovered in the letter of Malus addressed to Lancret in 1800. In this letter Malus (the discoverer of the polarization of light in 1808) modelled color as the composition of light and “caloric”. In the modern notation we can formulate the color and heat of polarized photons as the ratio of the ordinary and extraordinary wavefronts of that polarized photon in the Descartes’ model of colors caused by the rotation of spin-orbit of photons. Laser photons pass through the half waveplate where they get color and “heat content”, and then in the process of the spontaneous parametric down conversion, they create two entangled photons. In the pleochroic polarizers of Alice and Bob entangled colored photons modify individually their colors and their “heat content”. Pleochroism from Greek words πλÅLεω (pléon) and χρωμα (khrôma) means “more colors” and in the geological analysis describes dependence of color variation on the orientations of polarizer, analyzer, and the sample. This independent local color change in Alice and Bob polarizers can be mathematically described by the haversine and havercosine formulae. The havercosine describes the probability of a particle to stay on the same latitude. The haversine describes the probability of a particle to stay on the same longitude. In this model the “spooky action at a distance” is interpreted as the “local pleochroism” of entangled photons. This model can be further tested in the “Herschel-type” experiments where the polarized photons heat thermometers in the dependence of their “caloric” content. Bell four states mathematically describe the entanglement of two particles but without the physical interpretation based on the local pleochroism.
Konflik batin pada tokoh utama dalam novel Rasa karya Tere Liye: Analisis psikologi sastra
Authors: Lestari Fitri Anggun , Sugiarti Sugiarti 
Published: November 2023

Konflik batin merupakan hal yang pasti muncul dan menyertai kehidupan manusia, tak terkecuali tokoh dalam sebuah karya sastra. Konflik batin menarik untuk dikaji karena konflik ini memiliki keunikan dan perbedaan pada masing-masing individu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk konflik batin, (2) mendeskripsikan faktor penyebab konflik batin, dan (3) mendeskripsikan dampak konflik batin terhadap kehidupan tokoh dalam novel Rasa karya Tere Liye. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan psikologi sastra. Sumber data dari penelitian ini adalah novel Rasa karya Tere Liye. Data penelitian ini berupa satuan cerita yang berbentuk kutipan kalimat, paragraf yang berkaitan dengan konflik batin. Kemudian pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara membaca buku novel Rasa karya Tere Liye dan menandai halaman-halaman yang menggambarkan bentuk dan faktor penyebab konflik batin pada tokoh kemudian mencari referensi yang diperoleh melalui jurnal dan buku yang relevan sebagai penguat analisis data. Analisis data penelitian dilakukan dengan mengklasifikasikan data, mengategorikan data, serta menemukan persoalan penting terkait dengan bentuk-bentuk dan faktor penyebab konflik batin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya bentuk-bentuk konflik batin dalam novel yaitu approach-approach inner conflict, avoidance-avoidance inner conflict, and approach-avoidance inner conflict. Faktor penyebab konflik dibagi menjadi dua meliputi faktor internal yang berupa kecemasan, depresi, dan frustasi dan faktor eksternal yang berupa perbedaan pendirian, keyakinan, dan kepentingan. Selanjutnya, dampak konflik dalam kehidupan tokoh mencakup hal positif, yaitu kreativitas dalam menangani konflik dan hal negatif, yaitu retaknya persahabatan tokoh utama.
Tampilan Kualitas Fisik dan Kimia Susu Yang Terdampak Mastitis Ringan Pada Sapi Perah Friesian Holstein Di CV Ben Buana Sejahtera Jatinangor Sumedang
Authors: Christi Raden Febrianto , Salman Lia Budimulyati , Wulandari Eka , Sudrajat Ajat 
Published: November 2023

Mastitis adalah penyakit yang dapat mengganggu sistem perambingan pada sapi perah. Penyakit mastitis dapat digolongkan menjadi mastitis ringan dan berat sehingga dapat mempengaruhi terhadap susu yang dihasilkan. Kualitas fisik dan kimia menjadi hal yang sangat penting dalam menentukan kualitas susu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tampilan kualitas fisik yang meliputi warna, aroma dan rasa serta kualitas kimia yaitu kadar lemak, protein dan laktosa di CV Ben Buana Sejahtera (BBS Farm) Kecamatan Jatinangor Kabupaten Sumedang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel susu diambil dari sapi yang terjangkit mastitis ringan kemudian sampel diambil 100 mL dimasukkan pada coolbox untuk dilakukan pengujian sifat fisik dan kimia susu. di Laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat fisik susu yang terkontaminasi mastitis ringan warna putih kekuningan, aroma agak tengik, dan rasa sedikit manis sedangkan sifat kimia kadar lemak susu 4,34%, protein 3,02%, dan laktosa 4,13%. Kesimpulan menunjukkan Kualitas fisik dan kimia susu yang terdampak mastitis ringan masih menunjukkan kualitas yang normal.Kata kunci: kualitas fisik, kualitas kimia, susu, mastitis ringan, BBS Farm
Tampilan Sifat Kimia Susu Kambing Sapera Di Peternakan Alam Farm Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Christi Raden Febrianto , Salman Lia Budimulyati , Ismiraj Muhammad Rifqi , Prasetya Anggi Fuji 
Published: November 2023

Kualitas fisik, kimia dan mikrobiologis adalah faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi nilai komponen susu. Karakteristik susu kambing seperti laktosa, solid non fat, temperature, titik beku serta penambahan air saling berhubungan dan berpengaruh terhadap persentase nilai kualitasnya. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kadar laktosa, bahan kering tanpa lemak, temperature, titik beku, dan penambahan air pada susu kambing sapera di Peternakan Kambing Perah Alam Farm Kecamatan Cilengkrang Kabupaten Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif menghitung rata-rata, standar deviasi, dan koefisien variasi dengan sampel susu dari 28 ekor kambing perah sapera dengan berbagai periode laktasi. Susu diambil 100ml dari setiap ekor pada waktu pemerahan berbeda yaitu pagi dan sore kemudian dimasukkan pada coolbox untuk dilakukan pengujian komponen susu seperti laktosa, solid non fat, temperature, titik beku dan adanya penambahan air dengan menggunakan lactoscan di Laboratorium Produksi Ternak Perah Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rataan laktosa pemerahan pagi dan sore (4,07% dan 4,06%) dengan KV (0,005% dan 0,007%), solid non fat (8,48% dan 8,42%), KV (0,008% dan 0,009%), temperature (23,210C dan 23,090C), KV (0,15% dan 0,32%), titik beku (-0,5940C dan -0,5890C), KV (0,008% dan 0,012%), bahan kering (12,69% dan 12,63%), KV (0,008% dan 0,011%), serta penambahan air (0,082% dan 0,074%), KV (0,048% dan 0,041%). Kualitas susu kambing sapera yang meliputi laktosa, solid non fat, temperature, titik beku, bahan kering dan penambahan air di Peternakan Kambing Alam Farm Manglayang Kabupaten Bandung masih dalam kategori normal.
Comparative Analysis of the Load Spectra Recorded During Photogrammetric Missions of Lightweight Uavs in Tailless and Conventional Configurations
Authors: Mirosław Rodzewicz , Dominik Głowacki , Jaroslaw Hajduk 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to present the results of the investigation regarding the differences of the load spectra of two unmanned fixed-wing aircraft performing photogrammetry missions: X-8 (flying wing) and PW-ZOOM (conventional configuration). The focus was on the analysis of a number of load cycles for various load increments within the range of the operational loads. The load spectra were determined using the acceleration signal recorded in the autopilot logs as an input. This signal was transferred to the chain of local extreme values scaled in the form of discrete load levels, and then the transfer arrays were derived with use of the rainflow counting algorithm. On this basis, the incremental load spectra were determined for each flight. These load spectra were subjected to statistical analyses to determine the load spectra representative of the flight sessions in a few ways between non-conservative (i.e., focused on average load histories) and conservative (i.e., focused on the worst load histories observed during the flight session). Finally, the fatigue life was calculated by having the structural element of the assumed fatigue properties subjected to the load spectra of both airplanes. A large (exceeding one order of magnitude) difference in the number of load cycles for larger load increments in the analyzed load spectra was shown. This difference is related to the different dynamic characteristics of the two aircraft, in particular the gust response. As a result, there is a several-fold difference in fatigue life.
PERAN BRAND AWARENESS MEMEDIASI PENGARUH ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH TERHADAP NIAT BELI ES TEH INDONESIA
Authors: Bija Anak Agung Bagus Dimas Bhaskara , Sukawati Tjokorda Gde Raka 
Published: November 2023

The massive influence of social media among the majority of internet users in Indonesia, who are millennials and generation Z, has made the growth of the current beverage business accelerate. Tea is a drink that can be consumed by all levels of society in Indonesia, both the lower, middle and upper classes. This study aims to examine and explain the role of brand awareness in mediating the effect of electronic word of mouth on consumer purchase intentions of Indonesian iced tea in Denpasar City. This research was conducted in Denpasar City with a total sample taken of 100 respondents with the method of determining the sample is purposive sampling. The data analysis technique used is path analysis, Sobel test and VAF test. The results showed that electronic word of mouth had a positive and significant effect on purchase intention, electronic word of mouth had a positive and significant effect on brand awareness, brand awareness had a positive and significant effect on purchase intention, and brand awareness was positively and significantly able to mediate the effect of electronic word of mouth on purchase intention. This research is expected to provide an empirical contribution to management science, especially consumer behavior and be useful for the Es Teh Indonesia Company in developing product marketing strategies related to brand awareness, electronic word of mouth, and company purchase intentions.
Keywords: Brand Awareness; Electronic Word of Mouth; Purchase Intention
PENGARUH JAM KERJA, LAMA USAHA, LOKASI USAHA, DAN PENGGUNAAN DIGITAL MARKETING TERHADAP PENDAPATAN USAHA MIKRO
Authors: Pramesti Komang Ayu Widya , Suasih Ni Nyoman Reni 
Published: November 2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of working hours, length of business, business location and use of digital marketing on the income of micro-businesses in the fashion sector in Denpasar City. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 99 respondents and using the method of determining the sample, namely the accidental sampling technique. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that simultaneously working hours, length of business, business location and use of digital marketing have a significant effect on the income of micro-businesses in the fashion sector in Denpasar City. Working hours partially have a positive and significant effect on income while length of business partially has a positive and insignificant effect on the income of fashion micro-enterprises in Denpasar City. Micro business actors in the fashion sector in Denpasar City who are located in clusters earn an average income of more than those located outside the cluster and businesses that use digital marketing earn an average income of more than those who do not use digital marketing.
Keywords: Income; Working Hours; Length of Business; Business Location; Use of Digital marketing
PERAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN DALAM MEMEDIASI PENGARUH KUALITAS LAYANAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN
Authors: Karuniawan I Komang Vikky Aditya , Santika I Wayan 
Published: November 2023

Rapid development in the printing industry has increased the public's need for printing services, including the use of print as an advertising medium by various small industries. This study aims to examine the mediating role of customer satisfaction in the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty at Prima Graphic Printing. The research methodology involved 100 respondents as a sample which was selected using a nonprobability sampling method, especially purposive sampling. The results of the study reveal that service quality has a positive and significant influence on customer loyalty. Service quality also has a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is also proven to have a positive and significant influence on customer loyalty. These findings support the idea that customer satisfaction acts as a mediating variable in the effect of service quality on customer loyalty in the printing industry. The implication of these findings is the need for greater attention to service quality and customer satisfaction to strengthen customer loyalty and ensure business continuity in the midst of increasingly fierce competition.
Keywords: Customer Satisfaction; Service Quality; Customer Loyalty