bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Drivers of Low Vaccination Utilization in Niger
Authors: Seytre Bernard , Chaibou Sanoussi , Simon Bernard 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT.
Vaccination adherence involves the expected benefit of a vaccine and the perceived risk of the disease. To develop an evidence-based communication strategy aimed at improving vaccination coverage in Niger, we conducted a mixed socio-anthropological study of the perceptions among the population on the benefit and the risk of the childhood (Expanded Program on Immunization) and the COVID-19 vaccines. Our results show that negative rumors are not a significant driver of vaccine refusal. The insufficient level of fully vaccinated, compared with partially vaccinated, children might be explained by misunderstandings around the side effects of vaccines and the necessity for full vaccination. Approximately one-fourth of the population is vaccinated against COVID-19, whereas 73.3% think that vaccines against the disease are a “good thing,” and 83% of those who have heard messages promoting the vaccination approve of them. This apparent contradiction is explained by a low perception of the risks of COVID-19. More than half of the population surveyed believe that the disease is not present in the country. A large majority believe that only ill people can transmit the disease, whereas only 12.8% think they know anybody who has ever been sick with COVID-19. Three-fourths of the interviewees have seen images from around the world of persons sick or deceased from COVID-19; the same proportion has not seen any such images of affected patients in Niger. Communication to improve COVID-19 uptake should focus on the reality of the disease presence and its transmission and not on rumors surrounding the vaccines.
Exploring the Quality of Feedback in Entrustable Professional Activity Narratives Across 24 Residency Training Programs
Authors: Clement Elizabeth A. , Oswald Anna , Ghosh Soumyaditya , Hamza Deena M. 
Published: February 2024

Background Competency-based medical education (CBME) has been implemented in many residency training programs across Canada. A key component of CBME is documentation of frequent low-stakes workplace-based assessments to track trainee progression over time. Critically, the quality of narrative feedback is imperative for trainees to accumulate a body of evidence of their progress. Suboptimal narrative feedback will challenge accurate decision-making, such as promotion to the next stage of training.
Objective To explore the quality of documented feedback provided on workplace-based assessments by examining and scoring narrative comments using a published quality scoring framework.
Methods We employed a retrospective cohort secondary analysis of existing data using a sample of 25% of entrustable professional activity (EPA) observations from trainee portfolios from 24 programs in one institution in Canada from July 2019 to June 2020. Statistical analyses explore the variance of scores between programs (Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test) and potential associations between program size, CBME launch year, and medical versus surgical specialties (Spearman’s rho).
Results Mean quality scores of 5681 narrative comments ranged from 2.0±1.2 to 3.4±1.4 out of 5 across programs. A significant and moderate difference in the quality of feedback across programs was identified (χ2=321.38, P&lt;.001, ε2=0.06). Smaller programs and those with an earlier launch year performed better (P&lt;.001). No significant difference was found in quality score when comparing surgical/procedural and medical programs that transitioned to CBME in this institution (P=.65).
Conclusions This study illustrates the complexity of examining the quality of narrative comments provided to trainees through EPA assessments.
Differences in Emergency Medicine Resident Procedural Reporting by Gender in the United States
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Mannix Alexandra , Shappell Eric , Jordan Jaime , Fix Megan , Cooney Robert , King Andrew , Krzyzaniak Sara 
Published: February 2024

Background Studies across specialties have demonstrated gender disparities in feedback, learner assessments, and operative cases. However, data are limited on differences in numbers of procedures among residents.
Objective To quantify the association between gender and the number of procedures reported among emergency medicine (EM) residents.
Methods We conducted a retrospective review of procedural differences by self-identified gender among graduating EM residents at 8 separate programs over a 10-year period (2013 to 2022). Sites were selected to ensure diversity of program length, program type, and geography. Residents from combined training programs, those who did not complete their full training at that institution, and those who did not have data available were excluded. We calculated the mean, SD, median, and IQR for each procedure by gender. We compared reported procedures by gender using linear regression, controlling for institution, and performed a sensitivity analysis excluding outlier residents with procedure totals &gt;3 SD from the mean.
Results We collected data from 914 residents, with 880 (96.3%) meeting inclusion criteria. There were 358 (40.7%) women and 522 (59.3%) men. The most common procedures were point-of-care ultrasound, adult medical resuscitation, adult trauma resuscitation, and intubations. After adjusting for institutions, the number of dislocation reductions, chest tube insertions, and sedations were higher for men. The sensitivity analysis findings were stable except for central lines, which were also more common in men.
Conclusions In a national sample of EM programs, there were increased numbers of dislocation reductions, chest tube insertions, and sedations reported by men compared with women.
A Longitudinal Pediatric Primary Care Residency Tailored to Meet Workforce Need: A 10-Year Evaluation
Authors: Jordan Katherine A. , Gable Elizabeth Kaye , Morgan Andrew P. , McNeal-Trice Kenya , Byerley Julie S. 
Published: February 2024

Background We started a primary care residency program intended to prepare graduates for primary care and increase entry into primary care, using time-limited funds from the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA).
Objective To compare the graduates of the primary care residency program to their categorical peers, and whether they remained in the state, began primary care careers, and whether they identified as underrepresented in medicine.
Methods This is a retrospective study of a cohort of 39 residents who graduated from the University of North Carolina primary care residency program from 2014-2023. In 2016, HRSA grant funding expired and the program continued with ongoing financial support from the 2 institutions. Graduate demographics and career choices were compared to categorical residents (159 total) for graduate years 2014 to 2023.
Results The primary care pediatrics residency has graduated 39 residents to date. Job placement data was obtained for all 39 graduates. Graduates of the program have 5.5-fold greater odds (95% CI, 2.5-12.5) of working in primary care roles following graduation than peer categorical residents. Most graduates (33 of 39, 85%) have taken jobs in general pediatrics (including primary care, urgent care, adolescent medicine, or hospital medicine). The program has recruited a large proportion of its residents (12 of 39, 31%) from groups historically underrepresented in medicine.
Conclusions We developed an innovative primary care pediatric residency in collaboration with a community partner, spurred by HRSA funds, that has trained a diverse group of new primary care pediatricians.
Evaluation of Metals in Printed Wiring Boards of Selected Discarded Mobile Phones in Nigeria
Authors: Adie G.U. , Abimbola A.N. , Aribisala O.C. , Adejumobi V.O. 
Published: February 2024

Obsolete mobile phones form a major component of the e-waste stream. The Printed wiring boards (PWBs) of mobile phones are packed with economic and toxic metals. Regulatory bodies such as Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directives regulate the amount of these toxic metals in electrical and electronic equipment. This study is aimed at evaluating selected critical metals present in PWBs of three popular brands of discarded mobile phones used in Nigeria to understudy the behaviour of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) regarding toxicity, economic potentials, and level of compliance with international initiatives by regulatory bodies to reduce the level of toxic metals in electronic equipment. PWBs obtained from 60 discarded mobile phones of 3 popular mobile phone brands used in Nigeria were chopped into smaller particles, extracted according to EPA 3050B method, and analysed using the Inductive Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry technique. It was observed that Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu, had the highest concentration range across all brands studied. Notable toxic metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr, and As have mean and standard deviation values of 0.43±0.38 mg/kg, 0.62±0.160 mg/kg, 5.16±1.06 mg/kg, and 84.97±13.83 mg/kg respectively. Economic metals: Cu, Ag, and Au had mean and standard deviation values of 80.37±16.89 mg/kg, 2.12±0.43 mg/kg, and 0.95±0.19 mg/kg respectively. Results from the study indicate that PWBs of mobile phones are a perfect secondary source of a large variety of metals vital for the recycling industry. Also, the low levels of toxic metals suggest that some OEMs are already adopting the 'design-for-environment' option. Therefore, PWBs studied seem eco-friendly; however, need to be handled with care as there are still some toxic metals of concern not determined in this study.
Pengaruh Intensitas Hujan Terhadap Erosi pada Lahan Sekitar Rawa Singkil di Desa Pondok dan Desa Parangjoro Grogol Sukoharjo Jawa Tengah
Authors: Romizah Hafidz , Yudono Andi Ade Renata , Wicaksono Aditya Pandu 
Published: February 2024

: Rawa Singkil is a former river-lake formed in Pondok and Parangjoro Village, Grogol District, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java Province due to the straightening of the Bengawan Solo river. Land use and the buildings construction around Rawa Singkil ignore the regulations and river strips. Erosion around Rawa Singkil has the potential to cause siltation. Siltation can reduce the capacity of Rawa Singkil as a reservoir for rainwater runoff to prevent overflow flooding. This study was conducted to calculate the amount of erosion rate, Erosion Hazard Level (EHL) and the effect of rainfall intensity on erosion in Rawa Singkil. The stick method is used to measure the rate of erosion while the intensity of rainfall is measured actually based on the volume and duration of rain using a simple observatory-type rain measuring device. The results showed the largest erosion and EHL in LP-2, LP-3, LP-8, LP-9, and LP-11 respectively, namely: 438.826 tons / Ha / year Weight EHL (BIII); 62,255 tonnes/Ha/year medium EHL (S II); 447,681 tons/Ha/year weight EHL (B III); 57,025 tons/Ha/year light EHL (R I); 488,628 tonnes/Ha/year Very heavy EHL (SB IV). Correlation and regression tests indicate that rainfall intensity and rain duration specifically affect erosion rates
Teknik Pengolahan Air Bersih Sistem Saringan Pasir Lambat (Downflow)
Authors: Batong Leksi , Setiawan Tolanda  , Dominggus Pangli  , Sindi Sepo  , Yulius Bakkara  
Published: February 2024

Sungai Panggala Rindinggalo merukan sungai yang menjadi sumber air di kecamatan RIndingallo, Penelitian yang dilakukan kementrian lingkungan Hidup pada tahun 2014 bahwa 70 – 75% sungain di 33 provinsi Indonesia telah tercemar. Salah satu alternative untuk meningkatkan kualitas air berish menggunakan sistem saringan pasir lambat(SPL). SPL adalah sistem pengolahan air berish denhan media pasir dan kerikil. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa kualitas air yang bersumber dari sungai Pangala dengan parameter Bau, pH dan kekeruhan sesuai dengan standar nasional Indonesia, Menganalisa Ketebalan pasir pada sistem SPL dengan ketebalan pasir 65 cm dalam mengolah air bersih dan berapa lama waktu yang diperlukan SPL dalam Mengolah air berish. Hasil Penelitia belum menunjukkan Nilai pH yang signifikan penyaringan ketebalan pasir dengan ukuran 65 cm merupakan penyaringan yang efektif karena dapat menaikkan nilai pH. Untuk parameter kekeruhan dengan ukuran 65 cm mengurangi kekeruhan dari 66 NTU menjadi 22 NTU dengan debit air 0,0264 m3/jam dan kecepatan 0,21 m/jam. Hal ini menunjukkan ketebalasan Pasir untuk sistem SPL sangat berpengaruh untuk mengetahui efektivitas saringan dalam mengolah air menjadi jernih terutama pada parameter kekeruhan.
Pemanenan Air Hujan Sebagai Alternatif Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Di Rumah
Authors: Embongbulan Asvin , Parinding Cici , Sharies Eflin , Sherryl S. Ema  , Pademme Satrio , Ambali Dian Pranata Putra 
Published: February 2024

Pemanenan air hujan (PAH) merupakan cara yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan dan menyimpan air hujan dari atap rumah, atap gedung atau di permukaan tanah pada saat hujan. Sebagai salah satu sumber air bersih, pemanfaatan air hujan dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi permasalahan kelangkaan air bersih, mengurangi volume air limpasan hujan dan mengisi kembali air tanah terutama di perkotaan. Pesatnya pertumbuhan penduduk di perkotaan memicu konsekuensi bahwa terjadi penurunan debit air tanah karena konsumsi yang berlebihan yang diperparah dengan pengurangan lahan tangkapan air hujan karena banyak lahan terbuka dikonversi menjadi areal bangunan. Hal ini akan memicu terjadinya kelangkaan air tanah sekaligus memicu terjadinya banjir. PAH merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi terjadinya hal tersebut. Dengan cara ini suplai air bersih dari PDAM maupun dari air tanah dapat dihemat dan kelebihan airnya dapat diresapkan di sumur resapan sehingga dapat membantu pengisian kembali air tanah. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama tiga hari. Penampungan air dilakukan sekitaran dari pukul 15: 17 – 16:05 selama tiga hari. Jumlah air hujan yang dapat tertampung dalam sehari adalah 98 liter (0,098 m3). Sehingga jumlah air yang tertampung selama tiga hari adalah 0,098 m3 x 3 = 0,294 m3. Penampungan yang dugunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penampungan air dengan kapasitas 120 liter (digunakan untuk menampung air hujan) serta satu tendon untuk sumur bor dengan kapasitas 1200 liter yang menjadi sumber air kontrakan dan nantinya akan menjadi media tamping. Karena kebutuhan air bersih penghuni kontrakan dalam sehari adalah 0,48 m3
Drivers of Gender Imbalance in the Senior Management of the Parliamentary Service Commission of Kenya
Authors: Musili Fiona 
Published: February 2024

Purpose: There have been several studies focussing on gender imbalance among the political leadership in Kenya and the internal workings of the Parliament of Kenya, however, minimal attention has been given to the leadership of the PSC employees. The objectives of this study were to analyse the extent to which promotion criteria, organizational politics, and corporate norms drive gender imbalance in the senior management of PSC.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive research design guided the study. The research adopted the Skills theory of Leadership and the African Feminism theory. The study population was the permanent and pensionable employees of the PSC. Interviews and a structured questionnaire were used to collect the data efficiently and effectively. The study applied both descriptive and inferential analysis.
Findings: The study concluded that practices entrenched in the overall organization politics, corporate norms and promotion criteria do significantly influence gender imbalance at the PSC. Individually, the study found out that only promotion criteria had a significant effect on the gender imbalance at the PSC. Specifically, supporting inclusive promotion criteria will help in reducing gender imbalance at the workplace as it will foster better gender representation in positions of senior management. The study found out that organization politics and corporate norms have an insignificant effect on gender imbalance at the PSC.
Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study, therefore, recommended that supporting inclusive promotion criteria will help in reducing gender imbalance at the PSC as it will foster better gender representation in positions of senior management. Further, the PSC should consider using affirmative action in the selection of their senior management to achieve the two-thirds gender principle. Another recommendation is that the PSC needs to implement and enforce a gender policy, as provided for in its Strategic Plan. This policy needs to be well communicated and disseminated to all employees. The study recognizes the importance of mentorship and coaching programs in shaping women’s views and perceptions of leadership and in building their confidence.
Talabalarni mustaqil hayotga tayyorlashda Fitratning “Oila” asarining ahamiyati
Authors: Ismoilova Marhabo 
Published: February 2024

Maqolada muhim ahamiyatga ega bo‘lib borayotgan zamonaviy pedagogik ta’limda talabalarni mustaqil hayotga tayyorlashning ilmiy-nazariy asoslarini takomillashtirish, Abdurauf Fitratning “Oila” asari asosida ijtimoiy oila ko‘nikmasiga asosiy e’tibor qaratilmoqda. Xalqaro tadqiqotlar ham talabalar hayotiy ko‘nikmalarning rivojlanganlik darajalarini turli aspektlarda tekshirib ko‘rilmoqda. Jumladan, talabalarni oilaga tayorlashda ijtimoiy pedagogik ko‘nikma va malakalarini rivojlantirishda amaldagi Pedagogika nazariyasi va tarixi, Ijtimoiy pedagogka, Tarbiya darsliklari o‘zi bilan chegaralanib qolinmoqda. Xulosa qismida talabalarni mustaqil hayotga tayyorlashning ilmiy-nazariy asoslarini Oila asari asosida metodik takomillashtirish bo‘yicha takliflar bayon qilingan.
Korrupsiyaning niqoblangan shakli – “sovg‘a”ning ilmiy-nazariy talqini xususida
Authors: Mirzayev Rahmatulla 
Published: February 2024

Ushbu maqolada hozirgi kunda ilmiy hamjamiyat tomonidan ta’lim tizimida korrupsiyaga qarshi kurashish bo‘yicha ko‘pgina samarali mexanizmlar ishlab chiqilganligi va qo‘llanilayotganligi haqida so‘z boradi. Shuningdek, ta’lim muassasasida pedagoglar uchun axloq kodeksini ishlab chiqish jiddiy va mas’uliyatli ish ekanligi, ushbu hujjatda pedagogning kasbiy faoliyatida axloqiy xulq-atvorining barcha mumkin bo‘lgan jihatlarini ko‘rsatish muhim ahamiyat kasb etishi to‘g‘risida fikrlar yuritilgan.
Талабаларнинг ахлоқий маданиятини юксалтиришнинг тарбиявий жараён билан уйғунлиги
Authors: Сатторова Дилдор 
Published: February 2024

Ушбу мақолада бугунги кунда талабаларнинг ахлоқий маданиятини тарбиялашдаги омиллар ва мамлакатимизда олиб борилаётган ишлар, қабул қилинаётган қонунлар уларни ўрганиш, олий таълим тизимида олиб борилган чуқур ислоҳотлар профессор-ўқитувчиларнинг илмий фаолиятини янада жадаллаштириш имкониятларини кенгайтирилганлиги, уларни ёшлар билан иш олиб бориш, шахс ахлоқий маданияти ривожланишининг ўзига хос хусусиятидан бири эканлиги ҳақида маълумотлар берилган.
Ant’ye, mantissa va uning tatbiqlari
Authors: Bobojonov Hamid , Hayitboyeva Hayriniso 
Published: February 2024

Ushbu maqolada ant’ye va mantissa mavzusiga doir nazariy va amaliy ma’lumotlar hamda isbotlar algebra va sonlar nazariyasidan keltirilgan.Bir necha tipik hamda olimpiada darajasidagi masalalarni ant’ye va mantissaning xossalaridan foydalangan holda yechish metodlari tavsiya qilingan.
Асоссиз бойлик орттиришдан келиб чиқадиган мажбуриятларга нисбатан ёндашувларнинг таҳлили
Authors: Алимов Акмал 
Published: February 2024

Мақолада асоссиз бойлик орттиришдан келиб чиқадиган мажбуриятларнинг шаклланиши, унинг аҳамияти, тоифалари, унга нисбатан ҳуқуқ тизимларидаги ёндашувлар ҳамда хорижий ва маҳаллий олимларимизнинг фикрлари таҳлил қилинган. Бугунги ривожланган ҳуқуқий тизимларда асоссиз орттирилган бойликни қайтариш мажбуриятига нисбатан бир нечта ёндашувлар шаклланганлиги ва улар ҳам Рим ҳуқуқида шаклланган қоидаларнинг ўзгарган ёки классик шакли қабул қилинганлиги ёхуд турли механизмларни ўзида жамлаган аралаш кўринишлари билан ифодаланади. Асоссиз ортирилган бойликни қайтаришга нисбатан дастлабки ёндашувнинг мазмунида ушбу контрукциянинг иккиламчи, қўшимча (субсидиар)лиги ётади. Шу билан бирга, мақолада асоссиз бойлик орттиришга нисбатан қўлланиши мумкин бўлган даъво турлари ва уларнинг бир-биридан фарқи ҳам ёритилган.
Техник йўналишдаги талабаларга рус тилини ўқитиш методикасининг лингвистик асослари(фонетик, лексик, грамматик)
Authors: Журабекова Хабиба 
Published: February 2024

Мазкур мақолада талабаларга рус тили ўқитишнинг асосий вазифаси жумлалар билан эмас, балки матн билан ишлаш қобилиятини ривожлантириш эканлиги кўриб чиқилган. Муаллиф томонидан рус тилини ўрганиш жараёнида талабаларда тил билиш даражасини аниқлашнинг муҳим йўналишлари бўлган фонетик, лексик ва грамматик асослар таҳлил этилган ҳамда талабаларда рус тилини билиш даражасини такомиллаштириш борасида бир қатор тавсиялар бериб ўтилган.
Аёлларни ҳимоя қилиш: зўравонлик ва таъқибга қарши курашда жамоатчилик назоратининг ўрни
Authors: Сатторова Гулноза , Собиров Шоҳрухбек 
Published: February 2024

Ушбу мақолада жамоатчилик назоратини кучайтириш орқали аёлларни камситиш ва зўравонликдан ҳимоя қилишнинг долзарб ва муҳим мавзуси кўриб чиқилади. Ҳозирги кунда хотин-қизларнинг хавфсизлиги ва тенглигини таъминлаш устувор вазифа бўлиб, уларнинг ҳуқуқлари бузилишини аниқлаш ва бунга чек қўйишда жамоатчилик назорати муҳим ўрин тутади. Мазкур мақола доирасида жамоатчилик назорати самарадорлигини ошириш билан боғлиқ асосий жиҳатлар ҳамда аёлларга нисбатан камситиш ва зўравонликка қарши курашиш бўйича зарур чора-тадбирлар ҳақида сўз боради. Шунингдек, хотин-қизларнинг хавфсизлиги ва тенг ҳуқуқлилигини таъминлаш бутун жамиятнинг вазифаси экани, бу мақсадга эришишда жамоатчилик назорати муҳим ўрин тутаётгани алоҳида таъкидланади.
Рақамли технологиялар соҳасида Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президентининг ҳужжатлари асосида эришилган ютуқлар ва уларга рахна солаётган кибертаҳдид
Authors: Расулев Абдулазиз , Анорбоев Амридин 
Published: February 2024

Ушбу мақолада Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президентининг ҳужжатлари асосида ахборот-коммуникация технологиялари соҳасининг ривожланиши ҳамда ушбу ислоҳотларнинг кейинги ривожига рахна солувчи кибертаҳдидлар ҳақида сўз юритилган. Мазкур мақола рақамли технологиялар соҳасида Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президентининг ҳужжатлари асосида эришилган ютуқлар ва уларга рахна солаётган киберхуружларга бағишланган илмий иш ҳисобланади.
Сув ресурсларидан оқилона фойдаланишнинг ҳуқуқий масалалари
Authors: Бозоров Сардор 
Published: February 2024

Мақолада бугунги кунда дунёда юзага келган экологик вазият, иқлим ўзгариши ва унинг салбий оқибатларига қарши кураш, иқлим ўзгаришининг сув ресурслари ҳолатига салбий таъсири, мазкур жараёнларда жаҳон ҳамжамияти ҳамда алоҳида давлатлар томонидан олиб борилаётган чора-тадбирлар муҳокама қилинган. Муаллиф айниқса аҳолининг тоза ичимлик сувига бўлган ҳуқуқини таъминлаш масалаларини илмий-ҳуқуқий манбалар асосида ўрганишга алоҳида эътибор қаратган. Муаллиф мамлакатимизда амалга оширилаётган давлат экологик сиёсати асосида ўзининг сув ва сувдан фойдаланишга оид илмий қарашларини шакллантирган. Мақолада “ичимлик суви”, “тоза ичимлик суви”, “сифатли ичимлик суви”, “зарур миқдордаги ичимлик суви” каби тушунчаларнинг юридик тавсифи ўрганилган. Шунингдек, Ўзбекистон Республикаси сув қонунчилигининг бугунги ҳолати, унда ифодаланган сув муҳофаза зоналари режими, сув истеъмоли ва сувдан фойдаланиш ҳуқуқлари таҳлил қилинган. Мазкур мақола тадқиқот сифатида мавзуга оид миллий қонун ҳужжатлари, илмий-ҳуқуқий, назарий манбалар таҳлилини ўз ичига олиб, соҳага оид илмий тушунчалар, назариётчи олимларнинг қарашлари, хулоса ва фикрлари ўрганилган.
Хоразмнинг архаик ва антик давр мураккаб камонлари
Authors: Турганов Бахыт , Нуруллаев Жасурбек 
Published: February 2024

Мақолада Хоразмнинг архаик ва антик даврларига оид мураккаб камонларнинг эволюцион ривожланиш жараёнлари ўрганилди. Шунингдек, муаллифлар томонидан бронза давридан металлсозлик устахоналарида камон ўқларини ишлаб чиқариш ҳақида маълумотлар берилди.