bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left‐ventricular diastolic dysfunction may be prevented by chronic treatment with PPAR‐α or ‐γ agonists in a type 2 diabetic animal model
Authors: Kim Soo Kyung , Zhao Zheng Shan , Lee Yong Jik , Lee Kwang Eun , Kang Seok Min , Choi Donghoon , Lim Sung‐Kil , Chung Namsik , Lee Hyun Chul , Cha Bong Soo 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine whether the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) ligands could prevent left‐ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in rats with advanced diabetes. In addition, this study examined whether the activity of malonyl‐CoA decarboxylase (MCD), which is an enzyme related to the degradation of malonyl‐CoA that is known to regulate the fatty acid metabolism, is changed by the diabetic state itself or by treatment with the PPAR ligands.MethodsMale Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a model of type 2 diabetes, aged 28 weeks, were divided into 3 groups: the untreated, pioglitazone‐treated (10 mg/kg/d), and fenofibrate‐treated (150 mg/kg/d) groups. The rats were treated for 10 weeks. Male Long‐Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were used as nondiabetic control. Doppler echocardiography and measurements of the MCD activity at the myocardium were performed.ResultsAt the age of 38 weeks, the OLETF rats treated with either pioglitazone or fenofibrate showed an improvement in the plasma glucose levels after glucose loading as well as an improvement in the fasting plasma insulin, triglyceride, and FFA levels compared to the untreated OLETF rats. The untreated OLETF rats showed a prolonged deceleration time of the E‐wave (DTE) (74.3 ± 3.7 vs LETO, 56.3 ± 3.8 ms, P < 0.05) and a reduced ratio of the peak early diastolic velocity wave to the late diastolic wave (E/A ratio) (1.25 ± 0.06 vs LETO 1.54 ± 0.08, P < 0.05). Pioglitazone treatment in the OLETF rats improved the DTE (51.6 ± 1.7 ms, P < 0.05), and the fenofibrate treatment also improved the DTE (61.4 ± 4.3 ms, P < 0.05) and E/A ratio (1.57 ± 0.05, P < 0.05) compared to the untreated OLETF rats. The parameters related to the systolic function did not change among the groups at both pre‐ and post‐treatments. The MCD activity of the myocardium was remarkably lower in the OLETF rats compared to the LETO rats (3.26 ± 0.38 vs 7.76 ± 0.84 nmol/min/mg protein, P < 0.05). The pioglitazone and fenofibrate treatments resulted in an increase in the MCD activity compared to that in the untreated rats (7.20 ± 0.74 and 8.33 ± 0.83 nmol/min/mg protein, P < 0.05, respectively).ConclusionsThe PPAR‐α or ‐γ agonists prevented LVDD in the advanced diabetic rat hearts, possibly through an improvement in the fatty acid metabolism in the myocardium or a correction of the hyperglycemia and/or hyperlipidemia. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of phospholipase D in Glut‐4 translocation
Authors: Huang Ping , Frohman Michael A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractInsulin‐stimulated Glut‐4 translocation is regulated through a complex pathway. Increasing attention is being paid to the role undertaken in this process by Phospholipase D, a signal transduction‐activated enzyme that generates the lipid second‐messenger phosphatidic acid. Phospholipase D facilitates Glut‐4 translocation at potentially multiple steps in its outward movement. Current investigation is centered on Phospholipase D promotion of Glut‐4‐containing membrane vesicle trafficking and vesicle fusion into the plasma membrane, in part through activation of atypical protein kinase C isoforms. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cranial expression of class 3 secreted semaphorins and their neuropilin receptors
Authors: Chilton John K. , Guthrie Sarah 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe semaphorin family of chemorepellents and their receptors the neuropilins are implicated in a variety of cellular processes, including axon guidance and cell migration. Semaphorins may bind more than one neuropilin or a heterodimer of both, thus a detailed knowledge of their expression patterns may reveal possible cases of redundancy or mutual antagonism. To assess their involvement in cranial development, we cloned fragments of the chick orthologues of Sema3B and Sema3F. We then carried out mRNA in situ hybridisation of all six class 3 semaphorins and both neuropilins in the embryonic chick head. We present evidence for spatiotemporal regulation of these molecules in the brainstem and developing head, including the eye, ear, and branchial arches. These expression patterns provide a basis for functional analysis of semaphorins and neuropilins in the development of axon projections and the morphogenesis of cranial structures. Developmental Dynamics 228:726–733, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Roles of the Nkx3.1 homeobox gene in prostate organogenesis and carcinogenesis
Authors: Shen Michael M. , Abate‐Shen Cory 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAlthough it is often presumed that the molecular pathways that underlie normal organogenesis are similar to those perturbed during carcinogenesis, few examples exist of tissue‐specific regulatory genes that play central roles in both processes. In the case of the prostate gland, molecular genetic analyses have demonstrated that the Nkx3.1 homeobox gene plays an important role in normal differentiation of the prostatic epithelium and that its loss of function is an initiating event in prostate carcinogenesis. Thus, the Nkx3.1 homeobox gene provides a paradigm for understanding the relationship between normal differentiation and cancer, as well as a model for studying the roles of homeobox genes in these processes. Here, we review recent findings concerning the biological as well as biochemical function of this central regulator of prostate development and carcinogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 228:767–778, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of BOIP, a novel cDNA highly expressed during spermatogenesis that encodes a protein interacting with the orange domain of the hairy‐related transcription factor HRT1/Hey1 in Xenopus and mouse
Authors: Van Wayenbergh Reginald , Taelman Vincent , Pichon Bruno , Fischer Andreas , Kricha Sadia , Gessler Manfred , Christophe Daniel , Bellefroid Eric J. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractHairy‐related transcription factor (HRT/Hey) genes encode a novel subfamily of basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factors related to the Drosophila hairy and Enhancer‐of‐split (E(spl)) and the mammalian HES proteins that function as downstream mediators of Notch signaling. Using the yeast two‐hybrid approach, a previously uncharacterized protein was identified in Xenopus that interacts with XHRT1 (originally referred to as bc8), one member of the HRT/Hey subclass. This protein is evolutionarily conserved in chordates. It binds to sequences adjacent to the bHLH domain of XHRT1 known as the Orange domain and has been named bc8 Orange interacting protein (BOIP). BOIP shows a rather uniform subcellular localization and is recruited to the nucleus upon binding to XHRT1. In Xenopus, XBOIP mRNA is detected by RNase protection analysis throughout embryogenesis. In the adult, the strongest expression is detected in testis. In the mouse, high levels of BOIP mRNA are also found in adult testis. No expression is detected in the embryo and in any of the other adult organs tested. In situ hybridization revealed that BOIP transcripts were detected almost exclusively in round spermatids and that this expression overlaps with that of Hey1 (HRT1), which is expressed throughout spermatogenesis. In view of the importance of the Orange domain for HRT/Hey function, the newly identified BOIP proteins may serve as regulators specifically of HRT1/Hey1 activity. Developmental Dynamics 228:716–725, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heterotrimetallic Complexes [{Pt(RNH2)2(μ‐NHCOtBu)2}2M](ClO4)n (M = Mn, Co, Cu, Ni, Cd, and Zn, n = 2; M = In, n = 3), [{Pt(NH3)(μ‐DACHCOtBu)(μ‐NHCOtBu)}2Ni](ClO4)2, and [{Pt(RNH2)2(NHCOtBu)2}3Ag3](ClO4)3 Bridged by Amidate Ligands: A Novel Amidate−Amine Interligand Reaction During the Pt−Ni Bond Formation
Authors: Chen Wanzhi , Liu Fenghui , Nishioka Takuya , Matsumoto Kazulo 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe neutral square‐planar complexes [Pt(NH2CH2CH2OCH3)2(NHCOtBu)2], [Pt(DACH)(NHCOtBu)2] (DACH = trans‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane), and [Pt(NH2CH2CH2NMe2)(NHCOtBu)2] have been prepared by hydrolysis of the corresponding [Pt(RNH2)2(NCtBu)2](ClO4)2 with NaOH. Reactions of [Pt(RNH2)2(NHCOtBu)2] with metal ions afforded Pt−M−Pt clusters [{Pt(RNH2)2(μ‐NHCOtBu)2}2M](ClO4)n (M = Mn, Co, Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, and In; n = 2 or 3) and [{Pt(NH2CH2CH2NMe2)(μ‐NHCOtBu)2}2M](ClO4)2 (M = Co, Ni). The Pt2M (M = Mn, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, and In) complexes consist of a linear Pt−M−Pt core bridged by four pivalamidate ligands. The Pt−M−Pt angles are 180° or nearly so. The central metal ions with an octahedral geometry are coordinated by four equatorial amidate oxygen atoms and two platinum atoms occupy the axial site. One of the two t‐BuCO group shifts to the neighboring nitrogen atom of DACH (DACH = trans‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane) in the reaction of [Pt(DACH)(NHCOtBu)2]·4H2O with Ni2+ to generate the unexpected [{Pt(NH3)(DACHCOtBu)(μ‐NHCOtBu)}2Ni](ClO4)2. The central Cd ion in [{Pt(RNH2)2(μ‐NHCOtBu)2}2Cd](ClO4)2 is trigonal‐bipyramidal and the Pt−Cd−Pt is bent. Treatment of [Pt(NH2CH2CH2OCH3)2(NHCOtBu)2] with an equimolar amount of AgClO4 yielded the Pt4Ag3 cluster consisting of alternate Pt and Ag atoms either doubly or singly bridged by amidate ligands. The spectroscopic and electrochemical studies show that the metal−metal interactions between platinum and the heterometal ions are very weak. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Thermal Analysis and Magnetic Behavior of a Novel One‐Dimensional Polymeric Pyridinium Chlorocuprate(II): (Hpy)2[Cu3Cl8(H2O)2]
Authors: Bhattacharya Rahul , Ghosh Ashutosh , Ray Mau Sinha , Righi Lara , Bocelli Gabriele , Chaudhuri Siddhartha , Willett Roger D. , Clemente‐Juan Juan M. , Coronado Eugenio , Goméz‐Garcia Carlos J. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA one‐dimensional polymeric pyridinium chlorocuprate (HPy)2[Cu3Cl8(H2O)2], an intermediate between (HPy)CuCl3 and CuCl2·2H2O, has been synthesized and characterized by X‐ray analysis [monoclinic, P21/c, a = 7.8950(10), b = 14.144(2), c = 9.921(10) Å, β = 99.20(2)°]. The structure contains [Cu3Cl8(H2O)2]n2n− chains in which both square‐pyramidal and octahedral CuII exist. The chains are composed of linked [Cu2Cl6]2− dimers and CuCl2(H2O)2 monomeric units. On being heated in the solid state the compound undergoes dehydration followed by dehydrohalogenation to produce a pyridine complex of CuII: [Cu3Py2Cl6]. Other compounds, (HPy)2[CuCl4], CuPyCl2 and CuPy2Cl2, also produce [Cu3Py2Cl6] as an intermediate on thermal analysis. Magnetic studies reveal ferromagnetic coupling within the chains with an intradimer exchange coupling of 12.1 cm−1 and a dimer‐monomer exchange coupling of 1.34 cm−1. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Ruthenium(III) Complexes with a Phenolate‐O, Imine‐N, and Amide‐O Coordinating Ligand: Syntheses, Structures, Properties, and Protonation Studies of Coordinated Amide
Authors: Pal Satyanarayan , Pal Samudranil 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe reaction of cis‐[RuCl2(dmso)4], N‐(acetyl)‐N′‐(salicylidene)hydrazine (H2acs), and KOH (1:2:2 molar ratio) in methanol under aerobic conditions produces a ruthenium(III) complex, [Ru(acs)(Hacs)]·H2O. Addition of one mol equivalent of HClO4 to this complex in methanol affords [Ru(Hacs)2]ClO4. On the other hand, reaction of one mol equivalent of KOH with [Ru(acs)(Hacs)]·H2O in methanol produces K[Ru(acs)2]. All three complexes have been characterised by elemental analyses, magnetic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical techniques. In solution, except for [Ru(acs)(Hacs)]·H2O, the other two complexes are 1:1 electrolytes. Solid state magnetic moments (at 298 K) of the complexes are in the range 1.91−2.15 μB. These values reflect a spin state S = 1/2 and hence low‐spin ruthenium(III) within each complex is observed. X‐ray structures of [Ru(acs)(Hacs)]·H2O and the tetraphenylphosphonium salt of [Ru(acs)2]− have been determined. In both complexes, the ligands bind to the metal ion meridionally through the phenolate‐O, the imine‐N and the amide‐O atoms. In [Ru(acs)(Hacs)]·H2O, the amide functionality of one of the ligands is protonated, and in [PPh4][Ru(acs)2] the amide functionalities of both ligands are deprotonated. Electronic spectra of the complexes display ligand‐to‐metal charge‐transfer bands in the range 626−699 nm. Cyclic voltammetry reveals a RuIII ⇄ RuIV oxidation change in the potential range of 0.56−0.84 V (vs. SCE) for these complexes. The charge‐transfer band positions and the oxidation potentials are significantly influenced by the protonation state of the O‐coordinating amide functionality present in each ligand. The pKa values of the coordinated amide functionalities have been determined by spectrophotometric titration. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Triphosphane Ligands Combining Planar, Phosphorus, and Carbon Chirality: Application to Asymmetric Reduction of Trifluoroacetophenone
Authors: Barbaro Pierluigi , Bianchini Claudio , Giambastiani Giuliano , Togni Antonio 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDichloro‐, bis(acetonitrile)chloro‐, and tris(acetonitrile)ruthenium(II) complexes with the triphosphane ligands (R)C‐(S)Fe‐(S)P‐P3Chir and (R)C‐(S)Fe‐(R)P‐P3Chir, combining planar, phosphorus, and carbon chirality, were prepared and structurally characterized in solution. The complexes were tested as catalyst precursors for the reduction of trifluoroacetophenone to (R)‐α‐(trifluoromethyl)benzyl alcohol by either hydrogenation or hydrogen transfer from iPrOH. The best conversion and enantioselectivity was obtained with the tris(acetonitrile) precursor [{(R)C‐(S)Fe‐(S)P‐P3Chir}Ru(CH3CN)3](PF6)2 in hydrogen‐transfer conditions using a basic co‐catalyst. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
X‐ray Crystal Structure of a Sodium Salt of [Gd(DOTP)]5−: Implications for Its Second‐Sphere Relaxivity and the 23Na NMR Hyperfine Shift Effects of [Tm(DOTP)]5−
Authors: Avecilla Fernando , Peters Joop A. , Geraldes Carlos F. G. C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe X‐ray structure of the sodium salt of [Gd(DOTP)]5− shows two different chelates, [Gd(1)(DOTP)]5− and [Gd(2)(DOTP)]5−, bound at either surface of a sheet formed by a cluster of hydrated Na+ ions. Each [Gd(1)(DOTP)]5− anion binds directly to four Na+ ions of this cluster through the free oxygen atoms of the phosphonate groups of the adjacent ligand, while each [Gd(2)(DOTP)]5− unit is connected to the cluster via hydrogen bonds only. The Gd3+ ions in the two moieties do not have any inner‐sphere water molecules, and are eight‐coordinate. Their coordination polyhedra are twisted square antiprisms, with slightly different twist angles. These m′ isomers are found in the crystal structure as racemic mixtures of enantiomers. Only one set of NMR resonances is observed in aqueous solution, corresponding to an averaged m′ isomer. In this crystal structure, the Na+ ions bind the phosphonate oxygen atoms of the [Gd(1)(DOTP)]5− anion at positions far removed from the main symmetry axis. This is significantly different from the binding mode(s) previously proposed to be occurring in solution between Na+ and [Tm(DOTP)]5−, based on the interpretation of solution paramagnetic 23Na NMR shifts. This could arise as a result of the effects of the cluster of hydrated Na+ ions that are present, which may hinder axial binding modes and distort lateral binding modes. Further, in the crystal structure, both types of Gd3+ centers have four second‐sphere water molecules that are located at distances (4.2−4.5 Å) significantly longer than those previously proposed from the analysis of the NMRD data of [Gd(1)(DOTP)]5−. This is a result of the coordination of Na+ by these water molecules, thus preventing their direct interaction with the phosphonate oxygen atoms. However, in solution such second‐sphere water molecules can interact strongly with the phosphonate ligand oxygen atoms, resulting in efficient relaxation if their binding has relatively long lifetimes (> 50 ps). Rotational immobilization will amplify this contribution, thus making it similar to outer‐sphere relaxation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Di‐ and Trinuclear Ruthenium and Osmium Bis(2‐pyridyl) Ketone Oximate Derivatives
Authors: Cabeza Javier A. , del Río Ignacio , Riera Víctor , Suárez Marta , Álvarez‐Rúa Carmen , García‐Granda Santiago , Chuang Shih Hsien , Hwu Jih Ru 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTreatment of [Ru3(CO)12] with bis(2‐pyridyl) ketone oxime (Hdpko) in refluxing THF leads to a separable mixture of [Ru3(μ,η3‐dpko‐N,N,O)2(CO)8] (1) and [Ru2(μ,η3‐dpko‐N,N,O)2(CO)4] (2). In both complexes, two Ru atoms are doubly bridged by two dpko ligands, which are attached to a Ru atom through the oximate O atom while chelating the other Ru atom through the N atoms of a pyridyl group and the oximate fragment. While the Ru−Ru distance of the bridged edge of complex 1 is very long [3.5388(9) Å], that of complex 2 is very short [2.620(1) Å]. The acetonitrile complexes [M3(CO)10(MeCN)2] (M = Ru, Os) react with Hdpko in THF at room temperature to give [M3(μ‐H)(μ,η3‐dpko‐N,N,O)(CO)9] [M = Ru (3) Os (4)], in which the dpko ligand behaves in the same way as in 1 and 2. The thermal reaction of 3 with Hdpko leads to a mixture of 1 and 2, while an analogous treatment of complex 4 gives [Os3(μ,η3‐dpko‐N,N,O)2(CO)8] (5), which is isostructural with complex 1. Compounds 1 and 3 are the first examples of ruthenium clusters containing oximate ligands. These oximate complexes display low activity as DNA cleavage agents, requiring high complex concentrations, long incubation times, and the use of UV light as a trigger. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Platinum−Nitrogen Bond Rearrangements in Isomeric cis‐PtII(NH3)2‐bis(9‐methyladenine) Complexes under Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Arpalahti Jorma , Klika Karel D. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe migration of coordinated PtII in the adenine ring was studied in basic aqueous solutions for the isomeric bis(9‐methyladenine) complexes: cis‐[Pt(NH3)2(9‐made‐N7)2]2+ (1) and cis‐[Pt(NH3)2(9‐made‐N1)(9‐made‐N7)]2+ (2). In both compounds, coordinated PtII migrates from the endocyclic nitrogen N(7) or N(1), respectively, to the exocyclic amino group, upon displacement of an NH2 proton, to give the same first‐generation product, viz. cis‐[Pt(NH3)2(9‐made‐N6)(9‐made‐N7)]2+ (3). Although both reactions undergo an intramolecular reaction, the N(1)⇄N(6) step is faster and far more efficient than the N(7)⇄N(6) step. This may be attributed to the more favorable electronic effects and to the spatial positioning of the N(1)‐bound PtII in comparison to the platinum coordinated to the N(7) site. However, the contribution of a Dimroth‐type rearrangement to the overall N(1)⇄N(6) conversion cannot be completely ruled out. Attempts to obtain second migration in the N(6),N(7)‐bound species to give the N(6),N(6) species were unsuccessful. Rather, prolonged treatment of the N(6),N(7)‐bound complex in strongly basic solution resulted in the deamination of the N(7)‐bound 9‐methyladenine yielding a mixed ligand complex consisting of N(6)‐bound 9‐methyladenine and N(7)‐bound 9‐methylhypoxanthine, i.e. cis‐[Pt(NH3)2(9‐made‐N6)(9‐mhyp‐N7)]2+ (4). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of such a deamination reaction in PtII complexes. Both reaction products, 3 and 4, were characterized by 1H and 195Pt NMR spectroscopy and by X‐ray crystallography of the diperchlorate. In dicationic 3 and 4, the N(6)‐bound 9‐made exists in the rare imino tautomer with the N(1) site bearing a proton. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Heterobimetallic Calix[4]arene Complexes: Interconversion of Dimeric (Ca, Sr or Ba)/TiIV Complexes with a Monomeric K/TiIV Complex
Authors: Petrella Antonella J. , Roberts Nicholas K. , Raston Colin L. , Craig Donald C. , Thornton‐Pett Mark , Lamb Robert N. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractReaction of calix[4]arene with alkaline earth metals (Ca/Sr/Ba) in methanol followed by the addition of various titanium(IV) sources afforded novel dimeric 1:1 alkaline earth/titanium(IV) calix[4]arene complexes. In each complex the central core of the crystallographically imposed centrosymmetric dimer consists of a rhombus of alternating alkaline earth metals and μ3‐oxo‐centres. Five terminal methanol ligands form seven‐coordinate calcium and strontium centres, while the barium centres are bridged by two additional methanol ligands, making them nine‐coordinate. Each oxo centre is the apical ligand of a square‐pyramidal titanium(IV) centre, whose basal plane ligands are the four phenolate oxygens from a calix[4]arene in the symmetrical cone‐conformation. Deprotonation of calix[4]arene with potassium metal, followed by the addition of a titanium(IV) source containing at least one acetylacetonate ligand, formed a mixed potassium/titanium complex based on one calix[4]arene. The potassium cation in this complex binds within the π‐basic calix[4]arene cavity, whilst titanium is octahedrally complexed in the exo‐position, by four phenolates and one acetylacetonate. The alkaline earth titanium dimers and potassium/titanium monomers could be interconverted merely by changing the solvent, with the appropriate cations and ligands present in solution. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Stereodiscrimination in Phosphanylthiolato Nickel(II) Complexes
Authors: Duran Josep , Polo Alfonso , Real Julio , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Poater Albert , Solà Miquel 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe presence of a stereogenic carbon centre (R or S) in the racemic ligand 1‐(diphenylphosphanyl)propane‐2‐thiol induces a conformational preference (λ or δ) in the five‐membered chelate ring of its 2:1 and 2:2 coordination compounds with NiII: the mononuclear trans‐[Ni{SCH(CH3)CH2PPh2‐P,S}2] (1) and the binuclear trans‐[Ni{μ‐SCH(CH3)CH2PPh2‐P,S}(Cl)]2 (2). Both complexes exist as mixtures of two diastereomers: racemic‐trans (Rλ, Rλ and Sδ, Sδ) and meso‐trans (Rλ, Sδ), in an equilibrium displaced towards the more stable isomer, the meso‐trans for 1 (calculated ΔE = < −0.1 kcal·mol−1) and the racemic‐trans for 2 (calculated ΔE = −5.1 kcal·mol−1). This phenomenon is especially evident for complex 2, in which an efficient chiral recognition between the two enantiomeric forms of the racemic ligand was observed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)