bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Science as Supermarket ‘Postmodern’ Themes in Paul Feyerabend’s Later Philosophy of Science
Authors: Preston John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
he work Paul Feyerabend published in scattered journals during the 1990s mainly comprises essays and pieces d’occasion, many of which are being brought together in the form of a book, The Conquest of Abundance. But only the last of his books that he saw into print, Three Dialogues on Knowledge (1991), has received the attention it deserved. Philosophy of science is perhaps the area of philosophy in which ‘postmodern ism’ has had the least penetration and has been least discussed. My intention here is to clarify both Feyerabend’s last work and the nature of the postmodern by situating that work relative to three different positions in the philosophy of science which have been called ‘postmodern’. However, I am less concerned to clinch the case for Feyerabend’s having become a postmodernist than to use that position as foil against which accurately to convey and critically evaluate the central themes in his later philosophy.
Paul Feyerabend and Thomas Kuhn
Authors: Hoyningen-Huene Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I want to discuss several aspects of the relationship between Paul Feyerabend and Thomas Kuhn. There are seven sections. The next section will contain biographical information about the two, especially when, where, and how these two thinkers came together. Then, in the third section, I’m going to discuss aspects of Kuhn’s and Feyerabend’s theories that have become trademarks. By discussing these issues one can see the greatest parallels between their theories. In the fourth section, I’m going to show the large differences that existed in the 1960s between these two thinkers, which can be seen in Feyerabend’s general criticisms of Kuhn’s Structure of Scientific Revolutions. It is important to show these differences because Feyerabend and Kuhn are often seen as sitting in the same boat, as if their opinions in the philosophy of science were identical. This, however, is not the case, because in the l960s they could not put aside their massive ideological differences. In the fifth section, I’m going to analyze Feyerabend’s direct criticism of Kuhn-specifically of Kuhn’s account of normal science. In the sixth section, I’ll critically discuss Feyerabend’s argument against Kuhn’s account. Finally, I’m going to briefly show how, in the late 1980s, Feyerabend changed his opinion about his philosophical relationship to Kuhn.
Collecting Data
Authors: Maizlish Neil A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To count health events or exposures, one must first carefully define them (Table 3.1). The definition can be based on:
an authoritative source such as medical diagnosis made by a health professional or an exposure classification made by an industrial hygienist or safety professional
an administrative definition that 1s used to fill in an OSHA log or to report an injury or illness to a workers’ compensation insurance carrier or state agency
an operational definition created by the surveillance system
Lead Poisoning and Elevated Blood Lead
Authors: Maizlish Neil A , Rudolph Linda A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lead is perhaps the most widely recognized neurotoxin in the workplace and human environment. At high doses, lead causes the swelling of the lining of the brain, coma, and death. High doses also cause damage to the kidneys, severe abdominal cramping, and spontaneous abortions. At lower doses over a long period of time lead accumulates in the hones and other tissues. It can cause nerve damage in the hands and feet, alter the development of red blood cells, and affect human behavior in subtle ways. Children are more vulnerable than adults and can be contaminated from lead dust taken home on work clothes of adult household members. During the 1980s, scientific reports that low-level lead exposure alters the mental development of children fueled additional concerns regarding low-level exposures.
Asthma
Authors: Rosenman Kenneth D , Mary JO Reilly 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Asthma was first described by Hippocrates, and the word asthma means panting in Greek. Physicians in the l700s recognized that asthma was more common in certain trades such as bakers or grain handlers. Beginning in the early 1900s specific workplace exposures were recognized as causes of asthma and since then approximately 250 agents have been described as causing asthma via an immunological mechanism. Many other workplace exposures are known to either aggravate preexisting asthma or cause a nonimmunological form of asthma after exposure to an irritating substance. Some of the more commonly recognized agents associated with work-related asthma include isocyanates, flour (baker’s asthma), laboratory animal dander, and wood dust.
Workers’ Compensation Information Systems
Authors: Maizlish Neil A , Rudolph Linda A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Division of Workers’ Compensation (DWC) is the state agency in the California Department of Industrial Relations (DIR) that oversees the administration of workers’ compensation benefits to the nearly 1.5 million injured workers each year. Approximately $8 billion annually is spent; benefits include medical care, wage replacement income, vocational rehabilitation, and death benefits. Workers’ compensation claims are administered by over 500 insurance companies, third party administrators, or self-insured and selfadministered businesses.
Teaching Classical Myth and Confronting Contemporary Myths
Authors: Rose Peter W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During these years, the meaning and purpose of schooling at all levels of education were refashioned around the principles of the marketplace and the logic of rampant individualism. Ideologically, this meant abstracting schools from the language of democracy and equity while simultaneously organizing educational reform around the discourse of choice, reprivatization, and individual competition.1
The Sounds of Cinematic Antiquity
Authors: Solomon Jon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Music is an integral part of most films, and this is certainly true for the hundreds of films set in Greco-Roman antiquity. But there is a special relationship between music and antiquity because, unlike literature, sculpture, or architecture, actual and audible examples of ancient music do not survive. The following essay, after tracing the history of the tradition of Greco-Roman music, will survey the variety of choices modern film composers have made in attempting to create or recreate a musical sound that could convey an atmosphere reminiscent of the ancient world.
The Perception and Judgment of Rapport
Authors: Gillis John S , Bernieri Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A central premise of social judgment theory is that the perceptual processes that allow us to respond to, and interact with, our social environment are not qualitatively different from those we employ for our physical environment. Judging the level of sexual receptivity in a potential mate, or the level of hostile or competitive intent in a coworker, is based on the same cognitive process as judging the correct distance between two stones that we plan to hop on in order to cross a fast-flowing stream. Humans must perceive, identify, and react to emotions, personality traits, social structure (e.g., status, kinship), and social relations (e.g., love, rapport, and competitiveness versus cooperativeness) that constitute their social environment just as they must perceive and react to the physical objects making up their natural environment. Failure to do so effectively, in fact, is associated with psychopathology and naladjustment. This chapter describes a program of re search the general objective of which is to de scribe how people judge elements of their social ecology. We focus on a single social construct, that of rapport, to simplify our discussion, but we maintain that our approach is generalizable to the myriad other psychological constructs we deal with regularly.
Assessing the Reliability of Judgments
Authors: Hogge James H , Schilling Stephen G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although the technology of judgment analysis within the social judgment theory (SJT) frame work (Hammond, Stewart, Brehmer, & Steinmann, 1975) provides a set of statistical parameters corresponding to the elements of Brunswik’s lens model (see, for example, Cooksey, 1996b, pp. 205-206), the reliability of judgments, if considered at all, is typically defined as the consistency of repeated ratings of the same cases by the same judges (e.g., Hammond et al., 1975; Stewart, 1988). This approach yields a separate test-retest correlation for each judge and is mainly sensitive to temporal variation.
How Probabilistic Functionalism Advances Evolutionary Psychology
Authors: Hammond Kenneth R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Had the term evolutionary psychology been in vented in Brunswik’s time, he would have endorsed it-as he endorsed (or perhaps invented) the concept of ecological psychology- as a useful innovation within which his work could be embedded. His evolutionary views are most apparent in his 1957 article in which he took pains to argue for the equal treatment of the environment, theoretically and empirically, with the organism. Brunswik’s choice of the term “probabilistic functionalism” as the name for his conceptual frame work gives further evidence of placing his own stamp (probabilism) on evolutionary psychology within the Darwinian tradition.
Notes from a Student in Vienna
Authors: Bussey Ruth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the spring of 1936, Egon Brunswik, Privatdozent at the University of Vienna, wrote the welcoming letter in answer to that of Leonard Carmichael, professor of psychology at Brown University, in which Dr. Carmichael had said that I, his doctoral candidate and recipient of a traveling fellowship for 1936-1937, wished to study at the University of Vienna. Dr. Carmichael had stated in his original letter to Professors Karl and Charlotte Buehler that it was my intention to study some aspect of the development of perception in infants.
Epistolary Conclusion ( 15.14—16.23)
Authors: Bryan Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Paul has insisted that while “his gospel” affirms the dignity and hope prepared for gentiles by their eventual inclusion in the eschatological people of God, that by no means implies that God has forgotten the promises to Israel, nor does it mean that the bulk of Israel will not eventually find their place in that people, even though for the present some may appear to be excluded (chapters I-II). Onthebasis of this hope Paul has exhorted all in the church at Rome, Jew and gentile alike, to live in harmony, together acknowledging their dependence on the justice and mercy of God revealed in Jesus Christ (12-15.13). With that exhortation he has completed his protreptic. It remains for him to speak again of his own place in this, of his hopes, and of his plans.
Before the Beginnings
Authors: Walker Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the end of the 104-line hymn to the Muses that commences Hesiod’s Theogony, we find what is probably the earliest account on record, at least in the West, of the relationship between the eloquence of prince and bard, or what most of us think of now as “rhetoric” and “poetry.” This is what he says:
As I will argue here and in the following chapters, Hesiod’s account requires us to rethink some key assumptions on which our histories of rhetoric have traditionally been based—assumptions that, despite a number of recent reexaminations of rhetoric’s early history, can fairly be said to retain wide currency. These assumptions are, to put the matter as briefly as possible, that the “primary” and most essential form of “rhetoric”—and the form in which it originates from the traditional, “preconceptual” or predisciplinary discourse practices of archaic Greek society—is the practical oratory of political assemblies and courts of law.
The Impact of Victorian London
Authors: Wolpert Stanley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
He had written ahead to several of his father’ s friends, however, and one of them, Dr. P. J. Mehta, called on him Saturday soon after he reached his elegant hotel on Northumberland Avenue. Fascinated by Mehta’ s gleaming top hat, Gandhi “passed my hand over it the wrong way and disturbed the fur.” Mehta angrily took his hat away, cautioning the new arrival never to “touch other people’ s things” in England, and never to ask personal “questions as we usually do in India.” That was “my first lesson in European etiquette.” Gandhi soon learned many more. He was dazzled by London’ s elevators and electric lights and shocked at the cost of its com forts.
Cotton Spinning
Authors: Wolpert Stanley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Midnight on March 20, 1922, Gandhi was transported in a special train from Sabarmati Jail south to Poona’ s massive Yeravda Prison, a giant fortress of gray stone. He would have ample time there in the next two years of his incarceration to reflect on the errors he had made, exciting so many ill-prepared, violent, and uncontrollable people to expect to win freedom overnight. Now he resolved to spin cotton thread without speaking, considering his charkha (spinning wheel) the “only device” capable of making all Indians who used it feel that “we are the children of the same land.” Gandhi took vows of silence while he spun for a week at a stretch, desiring no visitors, writing few letters, and seeking through spinning and silence to heal deep wounds in his heart and mind. “I am as happy as a bird,” he soon wrote. “And if my prayers are true and from a humble heart, they, I know, are infinitely more efficacious than any amount of meddlesome activity. “2
The Lower Classes
Authors: Pomeroy Sarah B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lower-class inhabitants of Laconia and Messenia far outnumbered their Spartan rulers, but we know very little about them aside from their relationship to the Spartans. For Greek history in general, far more is known about the upper class. Furthermore, even among the upper class, there is less evidence for women than for men. Like women elsewhere in Greece, and like upper-class Spartan women, their status and reputation probably depended largely both upon the property they possessed and upon the men with whom they were associated. For example, as we have seen in the upper class, the mothers of brave men were respected and the mothers and sisters of cowards were dishonored and shunned like the cowards themselves (see chap. 3). Unfortunately, neither ancient sources nor modern studies have made gender a defining category in discussions of the lower classes at Sparta. Hence this chapter is the shortest in the book.
El Pueblo De Las Vegas
Authors: Dauber Bill 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For nine years, John Soltclo fixed flats and inspected brakes at Goldstar Tires in Pico Rivera, California. He worked weekends, holidays, and overtime, but was never able to earn more than $6.50 an hour. Cleaning soiled sheets, dirty towels, and bedpans, his wife, Bernice, earned a maximum of $7 an hour at a convalescent hospital.
A View from West Las Vegas
Authors: Makenta Nefretiti 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
when the sun goes down and the lights go on, the glittering thirty-story towers of the Las Vegas hotels can seem alien colossi from a neighborhood only a mile away, where shabby, single-story bungalows, storefront churches, and empty lots dominate the terrain. A dearcut boundary-marked today by two elevated freeways, as well as the old Union Pacific railroad trach and a vast tract of unused railway land alongside them-separates this neighborhood from the Las Vegas known to millions of tourists and moviegoers.
Epilogue :Learning More From Las Vegas
Authors: Littlejohn David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is obviously not the last word on Las Vegas. It is not even the last word on Las Vegas today-which, for this team of reporters, means Las Vegas as we found it between fall 1996 and fall HJ!J8-lct alone Las Vegas yesterday or Las Vegas tomorrow. Those interested in the history of this city should read Eugene Moehring ’s Resort City in the Sunbelt: Las Vegas 19JO-J970(as updated in 1!JD5), and the Las Vegas chapters of John M. Findlay’s People : Gambling in American Society from Colonial Times to Las Vegas (1986). In addition to the millions of words that have been written about the casino-hotels of the Strip and Downtown, as well as the entrepreneurs, entertainers, gamblers, tourists, athletes, and criminals identified with them, popular articles and academic studies have addressed the city’s water shortage, environmental problems, racial minorities, labor relations, new housing developments, and feeble efforts at planning.
Averting Fratricide: Euripides’ Iphigenia in Tauris
Authors: Belfiore Elizabeth S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the background of the play’s action but kept always in the foreground of attention is the sacrifice at Aulis. Iphigeneia is thought to have been sacrificed by her father Agamemnon at Aulis, at the command of Artemis. She was, however, secretly rescued by Artemis and brought to the Taurian land, where she was made the priestess of rites in which xenoi are sacrificed to the goddess. When the play opens, Iphigeneia, having just had a dream which she interprets to mean that Orestes is dead, mourns for her brother. Orestes, however, is still alive and has just arrived in the Taurian land with his cousin and brother-in-law Pylades. After killing his mother, Klytaimestra, in obedience to Apollo’s oracle, Orestes received a second oracle from the god, telling him that he would find release from his mother’s Erinyes by taking Artemis’s statue from the Taurian land to Athens. When Orestes has an attack of madness caused by Klytaimestra’s Erinyes, he and Pylades are captured by the Taurians and brought for sacrifice to Iphigeneia.
The Suppliant Bride: Io and the Dana’ids in Aiskhylos’s Suppliants
Authors: Belfiore Elizabeth S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The plot of Aiskhylos’s Suppliants does not, like that of Euripides’ Iphigenia in Tauris, center on a direct threat of kin killing. The Dana’ids, the sons of Aigyptos, and Pelasgos are all related, however distantly, but no murder is committed or attempted among them, either with or without knowledge of their relationships. In this play, however, suppliancy creates a dramatic situation analogous to that in Euripides’ tragedy. Pelasgos’s initial reluctance to protect the suppliants makes a terrible and pitiable event appear imminent, and his subsequent agreement to shelter them averts this polluting pathos just as recognition averts fratricide in the Iphigenia.
Hard Times
Authors: Harris Paul William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The open-ended policies and strong support for education during Rufus Anderson’s early years as a corresponding secretary with the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A.B.C.F.M.) reflected both weakness and strength. On the one hand, Anderson’s inexperience, coupled with the difficulties of transoceanic communication and the institutional culture of Congregationalism, gave the board a weak central structure and allowed the missions great autonomy to set policies at their own discretion. The missionaries, for their part, felt the need above all to gain a sympathetic audience in the early stages of their work. They therefore resisted direction from Boston and tended to be more responsive to indigenous context and demand. Consistent policies, much less any general theory of missions, were therefore difficult to implement.
To Ordain Pastors over Them
Authors: Harris Paul William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Missionaries had both a functional relationship and a structural relationship to imperialism and colonialism. In functional terms, they participated more or less actively in the expansion of Western power. As explained in the previous chapter, the missionaries depended on diplomatic protection to carry on their work, and their demands sometimes became the occasion for more aggressive intervention in the internal affairs of other nations. In addition, the indigenous people they educated often played useful roles in such interventions. Missionaries also participated in reform efforts that often corroded traditional structures of power and facilitated the rise of Western domination. To some extent, they created additional demand for Western products by the morals they taught and the manner in which they lived. Still, because imperialist expansion was not an explicit goal of the missionary enterprise, the functional relationship between any particular mission and its political context could be highly variable.
Aristotle: first airing of the absolute/relative problem
Authors: Barbour Julian B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The scientific revolution was a unique event in human history. It was created out of the intellectual activity of two great periods, of which the second is our own and began in the high Middle Ages. The first lasted from around 600 BC until the first centuries after Christ. It was almost entirely associated with Greek thinkers and Greek culture, which became very widely diffused by the activities of Alexander the Great (356-323 BC). It is convenient to divide Greek history into two basic periods- before and after Alexander. The second period is generally referred to as the Hellenistic age and will concern us in the next chapter.
Kepler: the dominion of the sun
Authors: Barbour Julian B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Flamboyant, haughty, and renowned for the gold and silver nose that he had fitted to replace the real one he lost in a duel, the Danish nobleman Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) is the most colourful personality that appears in our story. He witnessed the solar eclipse whose prediction so stirred his imagination (p. 44) that he took up astronomy in Copenhagen in 1560. Equally decisive was his observation of a conjunction of Saturn and Jupiter in 1563, which occurred on a date differing from the prediction of the Alfonsine Tables by about a month and still by a few days from that of the much newer Prutenic Tables, which used Copernicus’s models.
Descartes and the new world
Authors: Barbour Julian B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘From the start of the fourteenth century the grandiose edifice of Peripatetic physics was doomed to destruction.’ We encountered these words of Duhem in Chap. 4. The complete destruction was a long time coming, but when it finally came the tottering structure was brought down in spectacular fashion by Descartes (1596-1650).
Newton I: the discovery of dynamics
Authors: Barbour Julian B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Isaac Newton was born on Christmas Day 1642 according to the old calendar and 4 January 1643 according to the new style. The difference between the calendars is often exploited to make a nice symbolic point—that Newton was born in the year, 1642, that Galileo died. As was noted in Chap. 7, in his Discorsi Galileo predicted that: ‘there have been opened up to this vast and most excellent science [of motion], of which my work is merely the beginning, ways and means by which other minds more acute than mine will explore its remote corners.’ Newton’s was the mind destined to fulfill this confident—and accurate—prophecy.