bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the evolution of the observed mass-to-length relationship for star-forming filaments
Authors: Feng Jiancheng , Smith Rowan J , Hacar Alvaro , Clark Susan E , Seifried Daniel 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The interstellar medium is threaded by a hierarchy of filaments from large scales (∼100 pc) to small scales (∼0.1 pc). The masses and lengths of these nested structures may reveal important constraints for cloud formation and evolution, but it is difficult to investigate from an evolutionary perspective using single observations. In this work, we extract simulated molecular clouds from the ‘Cloud Factory’ galactic-scale ISM suite in combination with 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer code polaris to investigate how filamentary structure evolves over time. We produce synthetic dust continuum observations in three regions with a series of snapshots and use the filfinder algorithm to identify filaments in the dust derived column density maps. When the synthetic filaments mass and length are plotted on an mass–length (M–L) plot, we see a scaling relation of L ∝ M0.45 similar to that seen in observations, and find that the filaments are thermally supercritical. Projection effects systematically affect the masses and lengths measured for the filaments, and are particularly severe in crowded regions. In the filament M–L diagram we identify three main evolutionary mechanisms: accretion, segmentation, and dispersal. In particular we find that the filaments typically evolve from smaller to larger masses in the observational M–L plane, indicating the dominant role of accretion in filament evolution. Moreover, we find a potential correlation between line mass and filament growth rate. Once filaments are actively star forming they then segment into smaller sections, or are dispersed by internal or external forces.
Discrimination of benign, atypical, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in neurofibromatosis type 1 using diffusion-weighted MRI
Authors: Ristow Inka , Kaul Michael G , Stark Maria , Zapf Antonia , Riedel Christoph , Lenz Alexander , Mautner Victor F , Farschtschi Said , Apostolova Ivayla , Adam Gerhard , Bannas Peter , Salamon Johannes , Well Lennart 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is associated with the development of benign (BPNST) and malignant (MPNST) peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Recently described atypical neurofibromas (ANF) are considered pre-malignant precursor lesions to MPNSTs. Previous studies indicate that diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) can reliably discriminate MPNSTs from BPNSTs. We therefore investigated the diagnostic accuracy of DW-MRI for the discrimination of benign, atypical, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.

Methods
In this prospective explorative single-center phase II diagnostic study, 44 NF1 patients (23 male; 30.1 ± 11.8 years) underwent DW-MRI (b-values 0–800 s/mm²) at 3T. Two radiologists independently assessed mean and minimum apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCmean/min) in areas of largest tumor diameters and ADCdark in areas of lowest signal intensity by manual contouring of the tumor margins of 60 BPNSTs, 13 ANFs, and 21 MPNSTs. Follow-up of ≥ 24 months (BPNSTs) or histopathological evaluation (ANFs + MPNSTs) served as diagnostic reference standard. Diagnostic ADC-based cut-off values for discrimination of the three tumor groups were chosen to yield the highest possible specificity while maintaining a clinically acceptable sensitivity.

Results
ADC values of pre-malignant ANFs clustered between BPNSTs and MPNSTs. Best BPNST vs. ANF + MPNST discrimination was obtained using ADCdark at a cut-off value of 1.6 × 10−3 mm2/s (85.3% sensitivity, 93.3% specificity), corresponding to an AUC of 94.3% (95% confidence interval: 85.2–98.0). Regarding BPNST + ANF vs. MPNST, best discrimination was obtained using an ADCdark cut-off value of 1.4 × 10−3 mm2/s (83.3% sensitivity, 94.5% specificity).

Conclusions
DW-MRI using ADCdark allows specific and noninvasive discrimination of benign, atypical, and malignant nerve sheath tumors in NF1.
Investigating the Influence of Crustal Contamination on the Stillwater Complex, Montana Using Sr, Nd, and Pb Isotopes
Authors: Benson Erin K , Coleman Drew S , Boudreau Alan E 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The presence of pegmatoid bodies in the Stillwater Complex is poorly understood, but they have been suggested to have resulted from the presence of fluids in the complex. To better understand the origin of the pegmatoids and to trace the possible influence of country-rock-derived fluid in the Stillwater Complex, bulk rock Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, and Pb-Pb isotopes for samples from the Archean Stillwater Complex and its metamorphic aureole are reported. Pegmatoid bodies are compared to spatially associated host rock and the underlying hornfels facies country rocks. Evidence of resetting of radiogenic isotopes during regional metamorphism at 1700 Ma is not observed, and the initial radiogenic isotopic ratios in Stillwater Complex rocks overlap those of the underlying hornfels. Despite the isotopic similarity of the country rock to the Stillwater Complex, the intrusion is modestly isotopically heterogeneous. In Stillwater samples, the average εNd,2710Ma = −1.1 ± 6.9, 206Pb/204Pb2710 Ma = 15.24 ± 2.26, and 87Sr/86Sr2710Ma = 0.703043 ± 0.002747 (1σ). The similarity between country rock and intrusive rock isotopic compositions at Stillwater contrasts with the data reported for the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, where the country rock is isotopically distinct from the intrusion. The variability in radiogenic isotope signatures in Stillwater rocks show a noisy but decreasing influence of country rock up through the Lower Banded series interpreted to reflect variable crustal contamination, in part from &lt;1.0 wt % country rock fluids released during intrusion of the Stillwater Complex. The influence of crustal fluid contamination as compared to more traditional crustal assimilation models or simple magmatic heterogeneity suggests that hydrothermal fluids modified the isotopic compositions of more fluid-mobile elements and can explain aspects of isotopic heterogeneity in layered intrusions.
RSK/GSK3–mediated phosphorylation of FilGAP regulates chemotactic cancer invasion
Authors: Tsutsumi Koji , Ohta Yasutaka 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cell migration plays a crucial role in various biological processes, such as gastrulation, immune response, and cancer metastasis. In response to chemoattractant-like growth factors, cells form protrusions and migrate toward the source of the signal. Rho family small GTPase Rac is a key regulator of cell migration by stimulating actin polymerization to generate lamellipodia, flat membrane protrusions at the leading edge of migrating cells. FilGAP (ARHGAP24), a Rac-specific GTPase-activating protein (GAP), suppresses lamellipodia formation, and controls tumor cell migration. In this study, we found that FilGAP is phosphorylated downstream of epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling. Upon EGF stimulation, FilGAP is phosphorylated at Ser625 by p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) and then at Ser621 by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). Phosphorylation of FilGAP induces its dissociation from actin filaments. We identified a novel actin-localization domain of FilGAP that is essential for stabilizing cell adhesion. Additionally, we found that phosphorylation of FilGAP inhibits its lamellipodia suppression activity. Finally, we showed the expression of nonphosphorylatable FilGAP mutant, but not wild-type FilGAP, reduced cell migration speed and persistence toward the EGF gradient. Taken together, our results suggest that phosphorylation of FilGAP downstream of EGF-signaling plays a critical role in regulating chemotactic tumor cell migration by controlling cell–matrix adhesion and protrusion formation.
Predictors of lack of response to methotrexate in juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis
Authors: Mapelli Chiara , Miserocchi Elisabetta , Nassisi Marco , Beretta Gisella B , Marelli Luca , Leone Gaia , Marino Achille , Chighizola Cecilia , Cincinelli Gilberto , Giani Teresa , Nucci Paolo , Viola Francesco , Filocamo Giovanni , Minoia Francesca ,   Pediatric Rheumatology Associated Group of the Milan Area, Agostoni Carlo , Baldo Francesco , Baselli Lucia , Costi Stefania , Di Stasio Fabiana , Gattinara Maurizio , Lanni Stefano , Petaccia Antonella , Rossano Martina , Vianello Federica 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate clinical features associated with lack of response to MTX in juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis (JIA-U).

Methods
Clinical records of JIA-U patients were retrospectively reviewed. Differences among variables were assessed by Mann–Whitney and χ2 or Fisher’s exact tests as appropriate. Association between predictors and requirement of a biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) was evaluated by univariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier curves. A multivariable logistic model was applied to estimate strength of association, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
Data from 99 JIA-U patients treated with MTX were analysed (82.8% female), with a mean follow up of 9.2 years and a mean age at uveitis onset of 5.7 years. In 65 patients (65.7%) at least one bDMARD to control uveitis was required. Children requiring a bDMARD for uveitis had lower age at JIA and uveitis onset, more frequent polyarticular course, higher frequency of bilateral uveitis at onset and higher prevalence of systemic steroids’ use. Despite similar frequency of ocular damage at onset, MTX non-responders showed a higher percentage of ocular damage at last visit. Younger age at JIA onset, polyarticular course and a history of systemic steroids’ use resulted independent factors associated to lack of response to MTX at Cox regression analysis. Kaplan–Meier curves and the multivariate model confirm the independent role of both polyarticular course and systemic steroids’ use.

Conclusions
Younger age at JIA onset, polyarticular course and a history of systemic steroids’ use are predictors of a worse response to MTX in JIA-U.
Cardiac involvement in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: acute eosinophilic myocarditis and chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy
Authors: Liu Xiaohang , Zhou Yangzhong , Li Jing , Guo Tianchen , Lv Zhuoyao , Zhang Dingding , Feng Xiaojin , Zhang Jingdai , Fang Ligang , Tian Xinping , Zeng Xiaofeng , Chen Wei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Currently, cardiac involvement is used to describe all eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) cardiac problems. However, heterogeneity exists among them. We aimed to depict the disease spectrum of EGPA cardiac involvement and identify the high-risk population.

Methods
We included EGPA patients hospitalized in our centre from 2012 to 2023 and in public databases. Based on the cardiac enzymes, cardiac MRI and endomyocardial biopsy results, the patients were divided into three groups: eosinophilic myocarditis (EGPA-EM), chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy (EGPA-ICM) and EGPA-Control. Their clinical, laboratory, imaging results and prognoses were collected and compared.

Results
A total of 193 EGPA patients were included, 118 with cardiac involvement (74 EGPA-EM, 44 EGPA-ICM) and 75 control. Among EGPA-Control, EGPA-ICM and EGPA-EM, eosinophil increased (6.12/8.71/10.42 × 109/l, P &lt; 0.01), ANCA positivity decreased (41.33/31.82/14.86%, P &lt; 0.01) and lung involvement was reduced (73.33/72.73/43.24%, P = 0.02). In EGPA-EM, cardiac troponin was further elevated (0.27 vs 6.00 ng/ml, P &lt; 0.01), ejection fractions decreased (57.79 vs 33.20%, P &lt; 0.01) while more ST-T abnormality was observed (41.89 vs 20.45%, P = 0.02). The prognosis of EGPA-EM was significantly worse, with a 14.86% death rate and 2-year event-free survival rate below 50%. Furthermore, we proposed a LATE-EAST diagnostic score (7 items, 9 points) to discriminate EGPA-EM from EGPA-ICM using 4 points as threshold [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.85 (95% CI 0.78–0.92), sensitivity 0.78, specificity 0.86].

Conclusions
We first proposed different subtypes of cardiac involvement in EGPA. Identification and treatment of EGPA-EM needs improvement. LATE-EAST score could recognize the high-risk EGPA-EM effectively. Multi-disciplinary treatment is warranted, immunosuppressive therapy should be given in a timely manner and anti-IL-5 antibodies should be be tested in trials.
Development of a human liver microphysiological coculture system for higher throughput chemical safety assessment
Authors: Ip Blanche C , Madnick Samantha J , Zheng Sophia , van Tongeren Tessa C A , Hall Susan J , Li Hui , Martin Suzanne , Spriggs Sandrine , Carmichael Paul , Chen Wei , Ames David , Breitweiser Lori A , Pence Heather E , Bowling Andrew J , Johnson Kamin J , Cubberley Richard , Morgan Jeffrey R , Boekelheide Kim 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chemicals in the systemic circulation can undergo hepatic xenobiotic metabolism, generate metabolites, and exhibit altered toxicity compared with their parent compounds. This article describes a 2-chamber liver-organ coculture model in a higher-throughput 96-well format for the determination of toxicity on target tissues in the presence of physiologically relevant human liver metabolism. This 2-chamber system is a hydrogel formed within each well consisting of a central well (target tissue) and an outer ring-shaped trough (human liver tissue). The target tissue chamber can be configured to accommodate a three-dimensional (3D) spheroid-shaped microtissue, or a 2-dimensional (2D) cell monolayer. Culture medium and compounds freely diffuse between the 2 chambers. Human-differentiated HepaRG liver cells are used to form the 3D human liver microtissues, which displayed robust protein expression of liver biomarkers (albumin, asialoglycoprotein receptor, Phase I cytochrome P450 [CYP3A4] enzyme, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 transporter, and glycogen), and exhibited Phase I/II enzyme activities over the course of 17 days. Histological and ultrastructural analyses confirmed that the HepaRG microtissues presented a differentiated hepatocyte phenotype, including abundant mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and bile canaliculi. Liver microtissue zonation characteristics could be easily modulated by maturation in different media supplements. Furthermore, our proof-of-concept study demonstrated the efficacy of this coculture model in evaluating testosterone-mediated androgen receptor responses in the presence of human liver metabolism. This liver-organ coculture system provides a practical, higher-throughput testing platform for metabolism-dependent bioactivity assessment of drugs/chemicals to better recapitulate the biological effects and potential toxicity of human exposures.
Moderating Effect of Sex on the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Coronary Heart Disease Patients in China
Authors: Wang Jianhui , Smith Sidney C. , Dong Jianxiu , Chen Changxiang , Miller Nancy Houston , Chang Wenhong , Ma Yi , Liu Huaping 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate the moderating effect of sex on the relationship between physical activity (PA) and quality of life (QoL) in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) not participating in cardiac rehabilitation.

Methods:
Chinese patients with CHD (aged 18-80 yr) were selected 12 mo after discharge from three Hebei Province tertiary hospitals. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess PA in metabolic equivalents of energy (METs) and the Chinese Questionnaire of Quality of Life in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease was used to assess QoL. Data were analyzed using Student’s t test and the χ2 test, multivariant and hierarchical regression analysis, and simple slope analysis.

Results:
Among 1162 patients with CHD studied between July 1 and November 30, 2017, female patients reported poorer QoL and lower total METs in weekly PA compared with male patients. Walking (β= .297), moderate-intensity PA (β= .165), and vigorous-intensity PA (β= .076) positively predicted QoL. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that sex moderates the relationship between walking (β= .195) and moderate-intensity PA (β= .164) and QoL, but not between vigorous-intensity PA (β=−.127) and QoL. Simple slope analysis revealed the standardized coefficients of walking on QoL were 0.397 (female t = 8.210) and 0.338 (male t= 10.142); the standardized coefficients of moderate-intensity PA on QoL were 0.346 (female, t = 7.000) and 0.175 (male, t= 5.033).

Conclusions:
Sex moderated the relationship between PA and QoL among patients with CHD in China. There was a greater difference in QoL for female patients reporting higher time versus those with lower time for both walking and moderate-intensity PA than for male patients.
ChatGPT enters the room: what it means for patient counseling, physician education, academics, and disease management
Authors: Momenaei Bita , Mansour Hana A. , Kuriyan Ajay E. , Xu David , Sridhar Jayanth , Ting Daniel S.W. , Yonekawa Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
This review seeks to provide a summary of the most recent research findings regarding the utilization of ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbot, in the field of ophthalmology in addition to exploring the limitations and ethical considerations associated with its application.

Recent findings
ChatGPT has gained widespread recognition and demonstrated potential in enhancing patient and physician education, boosting research productivity, and streamlining administrative tasks. In various studies examining its utility in ophthalmology, ChatGPT has exhibited fair to good accuracy, with its most recent iteration showcasing superior performance in providing ophthalmic recommendations across various ophthalmic disorders such as corneal diseases, orbital disorders, vitreoretinal diseases, uveitis, neuro-ophthalmology, and glaucoma. This proves beneficial for patients in accessing information and aids physicians in triaging as well as formulating differential diagnoses. Despite such benefits, ChatGPT has limitations that require acknowledgment including the potential risk of offering inaccurate or harmful information, dependence on outdated data, the necessity for a high level of education for data comprehension, and concerns regarding patient privacy and ethical considerations within the research domain.

Summary
ChatGPT is a promising new tool that could contribute to ophthalmic healthcare education and research, potentially reducing work burdens. However, its current limitations necessitate a complementary role with human expert oversight.
Prenatal diagnosis of 7q11.23 microdeletion: Two cases report and literature review
Authors: Lv Xin , Yang Xiao , Li Linlin , Yue Fagui , Zhang Hongguo , Wang Ruixue 
Published: February 2024

Rationale:
Chromosome microdeletions within 7q11.23 can result in Williams-Beuren syndrome which is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. Williams-Beuren syndrome is usually associated with developmental delay, cardiovascular anomalies, mental retardation, and characteristic facial appearance.

Patient concerns:
Two pregnant women underwent amniocentesis for cytogenetic analysis and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) because of abnormal ultrasound findings. Case 1 presented subependymal cyst and case 2 presented intrauterine growth restriction, persistent left superior vena cava and pericardial effusion in clinical ultrasound examination.

Diagnoses:
Cytogenetic examination showed that the 2 fetuses presented normal karyotypic results. CMA detected 1.536 Mb (case 1) and 1.409 Mb (case 2) microdeletions in the region of 7q11.23 separately.

Interventions:
Both couples opted for the termination of pregnancies based upon genetic counseling.

Outcomes:
The deleted region in both fetuses overlapped with Williams-Beuren syndrome. To our knowledge, case 1 was the first reported fetus of Williams-Beuren syndrome with subependymal cyst.

Lessons:
The genotype-phenotype of Williams-Beuren syndrome is complicated due to the phenotypic diversity. For prenatal cases, clinicians should consider the combination of ultrasonography, traditional cytogenetic, and molecular diagnosis technology when genetic counseling.
Effectiveness of Zhibai Dihuang pill (Chinese herbal formula) in combination with western drugs in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Shuang-li , Ge Ya-mei , Yu Xing-yu , Chen Hong-ci , Song Deng-qin , Pu Hui-yun , Yang Ping 
Published: February 2024

Background:
The pain caused by recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and the recurrent nature of RAS lead to diminished quality of life for RAS patients. An alternative treatment for RAS is the oral administration of the Chinese herbal medicine Zhibai Dihuang pill (ZBDHP). Our study aims to investigate the clinical efficacy of ZBDHP when used in combination with Western medicine (WM) for the treatment of RAS and its effectiveness in preventing the recurrence of RAS.

Methods:
Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we conducted a literature search on 7 electronic databases according to predefined criteria. The methodological quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was evaluated based on the Cochrane Handbook, and data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.

Results:
A meta-analysis which included 7 studies and 669 participants in total was carried out in this study. The quantitative analysis revealed that the combined treatment of ZBDHP and WM has witnessed significantly improved overall clinical efficacy (RR = 1.20, 95% CI [1.12, 1.28], P < .05), reduced recurrence rate (RR = 0.24, 95% CI [0.13, 0.45], P < .05), decreased ulcer area (MD = −0.75, 95% CI [−0.91, −0.59], P < .05), and reduced pain visual simulation score (MD = −0.42, 95% CI [−0.52, −0.33], P < .05). No significant heterogeneity was observed among the studies. Qualitative analysis showed that the combination therapy significantly reduced serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, shortened ulcer healing time and pain disappearance time, with no adverse effects observed.

Conclusion:
It was found that the combination of ZBDHP and WM is more effective in treating RAS than the use of WM alone, which thus provides clinicians with a more optimal treatment option. However, due to limitations in the methodological quality of the included original studies and the small sample size, we hold the opinion that more rigorous and scientific clinical trials are needed to further evaluate the efficacy of ZBDHP in treating RAS.