bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
13…67 GHz Frequency Mixer
Authors: Danilov D. S. , Drozdov A. V. , Batoev Ts. M. , Lamanov Yu. A. , Zagorodny A. S. , Malyutin N. D. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. The requirements for the performance of measuring devices, including their operating frequency, are constantly becoming stricter. This encourages the creation of wide-band microcircuits for application in microwave blocks of devices, such as vector network analyzers (VNA) and spectrum analyzers (SA). One of such microcircuits, used in the receiver system, is a frequency mixer. The operating range of the mixer determines the operating range of the measuring instrument. Aim. Research and development of an ultra-wideband integrated circuit for a 13…67 GHz frequency mixer based on the GaAs QSBD technology by Micran JSC. Materials and methods. An analysis of existing classic and modified circuit transformers used in mixers was conducted. A modification of the transformer circuit, which allowed a frequency range of 10…70 GHz to be achieved,was proposed. Based on the obtained transformer and GaAs diode technology of Micran JSC, a complete mixer topology was developed and produced. An electrodynamic analysis of the integrated circuit was carried out; measurements were performed using a VNA up to 67 GHz. Results. A wideband mixer with a frequency range of 10…67 GHz is developed. A circuit design is proposed based on a balanced circuit with modified transformers and an intermediate frequency output circuit. The calculated dependences and measurement results of the integrated circuit of the mixer are presented. The mixer exhibits a conversion loss of less than 10 dB in the range of 10…67 GHz. Conclusion. A new broadband transformer with a range of operating frequencies from 10 to 70 GHz was developed. On its basis, a mixer microcircuit was simulated and manufactured. This microcircuit can be used in the receiving and transmitting units of modern measuring instruments. In terms of its characteristics, the proposed microcircuit is an analog of the Marki Mikrowave MM1-1467L mixer.
Constituting community through food charters: A rhetorical-genre analysis
Authors: Spoel Philippa , Derkatch Colleen 
Published: November 2023

<p>Communities across Canada are increasingly developing food charters, with at least 22 regional charters published in Ontario alone. As a rhetorical genre, food charters are persuasive actions that articulate not only the kind of <em>food system</em> to which a community aspires, but also the kind of <em>community</em> that it aspires to be. We argue that Ontario’s food charters play an important role in constituting a sense of community identity and values through the rhetorical action of the genre itself. We analyze how this is accomplished through two rhetorical features, the naming of community and the listing of community priorities<em>, </em>showing how these features simultaneously obscure and reveal ideological tensions and logical incongruities within each community’s vision for its food system. Our analysis illustrates how the genre of the food charter both responds to and shapes the diverse, possibly conflicting values that inform food policy and food security initiatives in Ontario, and it offers insight into how the genre itself may inadvertently constrain the action it is intended to perform. </p>
Exploratory Study for the Development of Road Safety Index on Indian Roads
Authors: Fatima Electricwala , Gupta Lokesh , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: November 2023

Road Safety has always been a factor of great concern in India as well as across the world. Road Traffic Accidents have been consistently increasing, and to address this issue, the world's governments declared 2021 to 2030 as the 'Decade of Action' for Road Safety. This rise in accidents can be attributed to the increasing motorization escalation, increasing individual modes of transport, soaring speeds, drinking and driving, increasing transportation network patterns and inefficient enforcement, to name a few. If compendiously scrutinized, the losses due to road traffic incidences are wholly avoidable. A comprehensive study was thus conducted to identify the key aspects which can be attributed to road safety. The six key factors were identified, namely the design of roads, the design of vehicles, the role of the law enforcement agency, the part of the Indian judicial system, the function of the Indian medical system, and general public awareness for developing road safety index. Primary data collection among various population segments identified the relative importance of these factors. The weightage based on the importance of these factors was computed using the Logarithmic Goal Programming Model, and thus, the Road Safety Index was developed.
СТАН ПРАВОВОЇ РЕГЛАМЕНТАЦІЇ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ШТУЧНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ
Authors: Миколаєць В. А. 
Published: November 2023

Стаття присвячена дослідженню актуальних питань використання досягнень світової науки і техніки, зокрема широкому застосуванню технологій штучного інтелекту у багатьох сферах суспільного життя: медицині, управлінні, обороні, судочинстві, мистецтві, побуті та інших сферах. Зокрема, увага приділяється поняттю штучного інтелекту, законодавству, що забезпечує правове існування вказаних технологій, порівняльному аналізу вирішенню питань, пов’язаних з існуванням та використанням штучного інтелекту у життєдіяльності суспільства у законодавствах країн континентального та загального права; також увага приділяється питанням, які потребують врегулювання під час розробки та вдосконаленні законодавства в цій сфері.
Методологічну основу дослідження склали ряд загальнонаукових та спеціально наукових методів, зокрема: діалектичний метод та формально-логічний метод, соціологічний та порівняльний аналіз, а також системний метод, метод індукції, дедукції, аналізу та синтезу.

© Миколаєць В. А., 2022

Зважаючи на той факт, що використання технологій штучного інтелекту набуває більших масштабів, існує потреба у чіткій правовій регламентації ряду питань, пов’язаних з нормальним їх використанням: авторства, захисту персональних даних, відповідальності за некоректну роботу штучного інтелекту, правового статусу штучного інтелекту тощо. Оскільки законодавство України нині є обмеженим у питанні правового забезпечення зазначених технологій, натомість у кожному конкретному випадку застосовуються норми цивільного, господарського, адміністративного, кримінального та трудового права – існує об’єктивна необхідність нормативного визначення створення, використання технологій штучного інтелекту та забезпечення безпеки, пов’язаної з їх використанням. Найбільш розроблений механізм застосування технологій штучного інтелекту представлений у законодавстві країн Європейського товариства, а враховуючи курс на європейську інтеграцію нашої держави, очевидно, що саме стандарти ЄС у цій сфері будуть покладені в основу відповідних норм українського законодавства в майбутньому.
У результаті дослідження автор доходить висновку про те, що штучний інтелект варто розглядати як чергову нову технологію та правовий інститут, який потребує врегулювання нормами права. Серед питань, які потребують нормативного визначення, зокрема: правовий статус штучного інтелекту, авторські права на твори, створені штучним інтелектом, захист персональних даних, пов’язаних з доступом, збиранням і обробкою їх штучним інтелектом, кібербезпека і застосування штучного інтелекту, права людини і дискримінація, питання відповідальності за дії штучного інтелекту тощо.
Influence of azolla, grass, water hyacinth, and peanut residues in amending soil properties
Authors: Uddin M J , Rahman A , Begum K , Shafiq F B , Tethy S A 
Published: November 2023

An incubation experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effects of azolla, grass, water hyacinth, and peanut residues for amending some soil properties. The experiment was laid out in pots comprising 7 treatments, viz. T1: Control, T2: Azolla (Azolla pinnata) @ 100 g/pot, T3: Grass (Phleum pretense) @ 100 g/pot, T4: Water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes) @100 g/pot, T5: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) @ 100 g/pot, T6: Azolla @ 50 g/pot + Water hyacinth @ 50 g/pot, and T7: Peanut@ 50 g/pot + Grass @ 50 g/pot. The results revealed that peanut treated soils (T5) played an important role in enhancing soil properties significantly (p < 0.05) and the values of soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, nitrogen, moisture content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) reached at an optimum level to support microbial growth over a year.
Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2023, 9(2): 57-64
Development and validation of a nomogram to predict the five-year risk of revascularization for non-culprit lesion progression in STEMI patients after primary PCI
Authors: Dai Feng , Xu Xianzhi , Zhou Chunxue , Li Cheng , Tian Zhaoxuan , Wang Zhaokai , Yang Shuping , Liao Gege , Shi Xiangxiang , Wang Lili , Li Dongye , Hou Xiancun , Chen Junhong , Xu Tongda 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundAcute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients after primary PCI were readmitted for revascularization due to non-culprit lesion (NCL) progression.ObjectiveTo develop and validate a nomogram that can accurately predict the likelihood of NCL progression revascularization in STEMI patients following primary PCI.MethodsThe study enrolled 1,612 STEMI patients after primary PCI in our hospital from June 2009 to June 2018. Patients were randomly divided into training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. The independent risk factors were determined by LASSO regression and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to develop a nomogram, which was then evaluated for its performance using the concordance statistics, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsThe nomogram was composed of five predictors, including age (OR: 1.007 95% CI: 1.005–1.009, P &lt; 0.001), body mass index (OR: 1.476, 95% CI: 1.363–1.600, P &lt; 0.001), triglyceride and glucose index (OR: 1.050, 95% CI: 1.022–1.079, P &lt; 0.001), Killip classification (OR: 1.594, 95% CI: 1.140–2.229, P = 0.006), and serum creatinine (OR: 1.007, 95% CI: 1.005–1.009, P &lt; 0.001). Both the training and validation groups accurately predicted the occurrence of NCL progression revascularization (The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values, 0.901 and 0.857). The calibration plots indicated an excellent agreement between prediction and observation in both sets. Furthermore, the DCA demonstrated that the model exhibited clinical efficacy.ConclusionA convenient and accurate nomogram was developed and validated for predicting the occurrence of NCL progression revascularization in STEMI patients after primary PCI.
Application of machine learning algorithms to construct and validate a prediction model for coronary heart disease risk in patients with periodontitis: a population-based study
Authors: Wang Yicheng , Ni Binghang , Xiao Yuan , Lin Yichang , Jiang Yu , Zhang Yan 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease is increasingly recognized. In this research, a prediction model utilizing machine learning (ML) was created and verified to evaluate the likelihood of coronary heart disease in individuals affected by periodontitis.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive analysis of data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, encompassing the period between 2009 and 2014.This dataset comprised detailed information on a total of 3,245 individuals who had received a confirmed diagnosis of periodontitis. Subsequently, the dataset was randomly partitioned into a training set and a validation set at a ratio of 6:4. As part of this study, we conducted weighted logistic regression analyses, both univariate and multivariate, to identify risk factors that are independent predictors for coronary heart disease in individuals who have periodontitis. Five different machine learning algorithms, namely Logistic Regression (LR), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Classification and Regression Tree (CART), were utilized to develop the model on the training set. The evaluation of the prediction models’ performance was conducted on both the training set and validation set, utilizing metrics including AUC (Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve), Brier score, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Additionally, a graphical representation called a nomogram was created using logistic regression to visually depict the predictive model.ResultsThe factors that were found to independently contribute to the risk, as determined by both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, encompassed age, race, presence of myocardial infarction, chest pain status, utilization of lipid-lowering medications, levels of serum uric acid and serum creatinine. Among the five evaluated machine learning models, the KNN model exhibited exceptional accuracy, achieving an AUC value of 0.977. The calibration plot and brier score illustrated the model's ability to accurately estimate probabilities. Furthermore, the model's clinical applicability was confirmed by DCA.ConclusionOur research showcases the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms in forecasting the likelihood of coronary heart disease in individuals with periodontitis, thereby aiding healthcare professionals in tailoring treatment plans and making well-informed clinical decisions.
Long-term hydrological monitoring of soils in the terraced environment of Cinque Terre (north-western Italy)
Authors: Fiorucci Matteo , Pepe Giacomo , Marmoni Gian Marco , Pecci Massimo , Di Martire Diego , Guerriero Luigi , Bausilio Giuseppe , Vitale Enza , Raso Emanuele , Raimondi Luca , Cevasco Andrea , Calcaterra Domenico , Scarascia Mugnozza Gabriele 
Published: November 2023

Terraced landscapes represent one of the most widespread human-induced/man-made transformations of hilly-mountainous environments. Slope terracing produces peculiar morphologies along with unusual soil textures and stratigraphic features, which in turn strongly influence slope hydrology. The investigation of the hydrological features of terraced soils is of fundamental importance for understanding the hydrological dynamics occurring in these anthropogenic landscapes, especially during rainfall events. To this purpose, the availability of extensive field monitoring data series and of information on subsoil properties and structure is essential. In this study, multi-sensor hydrological data were acquired over a period longer than 2 years in the experimental site of Monterosso al Mare, in the Cinque Terre National Park (Liguria region, Italy), one of the most famous examples of terraced landscape worldwide. Monitoring data were coupled with accurate engineering-geological investigations to achieve the hydro-mechanical characterization of backfill soils and to investigate their hydrological response at both the seasonal and the single rainstorm scale. The results indicated that the coarse-grained, and anthropically remolded texture of the soils favors the rapid infiltration of rainwater, producing sharp changes in both soil volumetric water content and pore water pressure. Furthermore, the pattern of hydrological parameters showed seasonal trends outlined by alternating phases of slow drying and fast wetting. The study outcomes provide useful insights on the short and long-term evolution of hydrological factors operating in agricultural terraces. These findings represent a useful basis for a better understanding of the time-dependent processes that guide water circulation in terraced systems, which have a key role in controlling the occurrence of erosion and landslide processes.
A bibliometric analysis of PCSK9 inhibitors from 2007 to 2022
Authors: Luo Qin , Tang Zhenchu , Wu Panyun , Chen Zhangling , Fang Zhenfei , Luo Fei 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundSince the approval of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) monoclonal antibodies for marketing in 2015, PCSK9 inhibitors have attracted significant interest in the field of cardiovascular endocrinology. A large number of clinical trials have confirmed the efficacy and safety of PCSK9 inhibitors in reducing cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular events. No bibliometric analysis of PCSK9 inhibitors has been performed as of yet. This study aims to analyze the research trends and hotspots of PCSK9 inhibitors through bibliometric analysis.MethodsWe searched the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database for PCSK9 inhibitor-related publications from 2007 to 2022. Data visualization analysis was performed using CiteSpace software. Microsoft Excel and Graphpad software were used for the drawing of some tables and figures.ResultsA total of 1072 pieces of literature were retrieved between 2007 and 2022. The number of publications concerning PCSK9 inhibitors is growing annually. The top five countries with the most articles published were the United States, England, Canada, Italy, and France. Harvard University, Amgen, Brigham &amp; Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Imperial College London are the five institutions with the highest output. The Journal of Clinical Lipidology is the most popular journal in this field. The most frequently cited journal is the New England Journal of Medicine. As for authors, Sabatine MS and Giugliano RP from Brigham &amp; Women’s Hospital have the highest number of published articles. Amgen is the funding agency for most of the research. According to keyword analysis, “low density lipoprotein”, “familial hypercholesterolemia”, “PCSK9 inhibitor”, “PCSK9”, and “efficacy” are the five keywords with the highest frequency of co-occurrence.ConclusionThe past 15 years have witnessed a rapid and fruitful development of PCSK9 inhibitors. The research trend and focus for PCSK9 inhibitors are from the mechanism of reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to related clinical trials. Developed countries such as the United States have contributed prominently in this area. Coronary artery and inflammation are currently at the forefront of research in the field and are in an explosion period.
Causal relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism: a bidirectional two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lai Rui , Deng Xinmin , Lv Xiaofeng , Liu Qian , Zhou Kun , Peng Dezhong 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe causal relationship between Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism remains controversial due to the limitations of conventional observational research, such as confounding variables and reverse causality. We aimed to examine the potential causal relationship between RA and hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism using Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodWe conducted a bidirectional two-sample univariable analysis to investigate the potential causal relationship between hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism and RA. Furthermore, we performed a multivariate analysis to account for the impact of body mass index (BMI), smoking quantity, and alcohol intake frequency.ResultsThe univariable analysis indicated that RA has a causative influence on hypothyroidism (odds ratio [OR]=1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.01–1.14, P=0.02) and hyperthyroidism (OR=1.32, 95% CI=1.15–1.52, P&lt;0.001). When hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism was considered as an exposure variable, we only observed a causal relationship between hypothyroidism (OR=1.21, 95% CI=1.05–1.40, P=0.01) and RA, whereas no such connection was found between hyperthyroidism (OR=0.91, 95% CI=0.83–1.01, P=0.07) and RA. In the multivariate MR analyses, after separately and jointly adjusting for the effects of daily smoking quantity, alcohol intake frequency, and BMI, the causal impact of RA on hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism on RA remained robust. However, there is no evidence to suggest a causal effect of hyperthyroidism on the risk of RA (P &gt;0.05).ConclusionUnivariate and multivariate MR analyses have validated the causal association between RA and hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism confirmed a causal relationship with RA when employed as an exposure variable, whereas no such relationship was found between hyperthyroidism and RA.
Association between high serum blood glucose lymphocyte ratio and all-cause mortality in non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhage: a retrospective analysis of the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Yang Shiqiang , Liu Yanwei , Wang Shiqiang , Cai Zhonghai , Yang Anqiang , Hui Xuhui 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the association between the glucose-to-lymphocyte ratio (GLR) and all-cause mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with Non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhage.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study. Baseline data and in-hospital prognosis from patients with non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhage admitted to the intensive care unit. Multivariate COX regression analysis was applied and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% predictive values with confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Survival curves for the two groups of cases were plotted using K-M curves, and subgroup analyses were performed in one step. Using restricted cubic spline curves, we analyzed the potential linear relationship between GLR and outcome indicators.ResultsIn the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV database), we extracted 3,783 patients with nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and 1,806 patients were finally enrolled in the study after exclusion of missing values and patients with a short hospital stay. The overall ICU mortality rate was 8.2% (148/1806) and the in-hospital mortality rate was 12.5% (225/1806). The use of curve fitting yielded a significant linear relationship between GLR and both ICU mortality and in-hospital mortality. It also suggested a reference point at GLR=3.9. These patients were categorized into high and low subgroups based on the median value of their GLR (GLR = 3.9). Model comparisons based on multivariate COX regression analysis showed that in-hospital mortality was higher in the high GLR group after adjusting for all confounders (HR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.04-1.47), while the ICU mortality in the high GLR group was (HR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.18-2.52). Stratified analyses based on age, gender, race, GCS, BMI, and disease type showed stable correlations between the high GLR group and in-hospital and ICU mortality.ConclusionBased on our retrospective analysis, it is known that as the GLR increased, the in-hospital mortality rate and ICU mortality rate of patients with nontraumatic cerebral hemorrhage also increased progressively in the United States in a clear linear relationship. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.