bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
57 Using an Eid Framework at a Land-Grant, Hispanic Serving and Minority Serving Institution
Authors: Linda Scholz Teresa Maria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This session will provide participants with an overview of how an Equity, Inclusion and Diversity framework informs initiatives and strategies at a land-grant, Hispanic Serving and Minority Serving institution. Participants will learn about strategic tools that can guide their equity, inclusion and diversity work across their institutions and community outreach. The session will include interactive participation.
89 Physiological Mechanisms Related to Feed Efficiency of Beef Cattle
Authors: Foote Andrew P , Salisbury Carlee M , McConnell Hunter L , King Mindy E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Improving feed efficiency is essential for the sustainability of the US beef production system. However, achieving this goal is challenging due to various factors such as diet types, genetics, environments, and industry segmentation. To address these difficulties, it is critical to have a fundamental understanding of what contributes to efficient nutrient utilization and feed resources, which can guide future genetic selection and production practices. Despite recent progress, the regulation of feed intake in growing and finishing cattle remains incompletely understood, hindering advances in feed efficiency. Recent research has aimed to advance the hepatic oxidation theory to growing and finishing cattle fed high-concentrate diets and explored the control of appetite by gut peptide hormones. Other factors contributing to variation in feed efficiency include nutrient metabolism and hormonal control of metabolism. Previous research is limited by a lack of in-depth analysis of metabolism due to the inability to time sample collection relative to feed consumption and account for correlations among metabolites. The role of fat metabolism in the rumen has been associated with epithelial inflammation, while inflammation of the gut has been identified as a contributing factor to inefficiencies in nutrient utilization. However, there is still a need to further understand the role of fatty acid metabolism in the induction of inflammation. An issue that limits the further understanding of efficiency is that a wide variety of feedstuffs are utilized by the industry and small changes in the nutrient composition of a diet can have large impacts on efficiency. Therefore, it is important to consider the utilization efficiency of specific nutrients rather than general feed efficiency. Nitrogen utilization efficiency is becoming increasingly important due to the significant economic and environmental ramifications of inefficiencies in nitrogen utilization. There is growing evidence that precision feeding of protein to match requirements can reduce nitrogen excretion without compromising growth and efficiency. In conclusion, a better understanding of the underlying biology contributing to nutrient utilization is crucial for improving feed utilization efficiency in the US beef production system, which will enhance the sustainability of the US beef production system.
189 Single-Step Gblup Evaluation for Behavioral Traits in Labrador Retrievers Used as Guide Dogs
Authors: Riser Molly M , Leighton Eldin , Russenberger Jane , Fragomeni Breno O , Moser Caroline 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of prediction in a genomic selection program for behavior traits in a population of Labrador Retrievers used as service dogs. Phenotypic data were collected in 4841 Labrador Retrievers with ages ranging from 3 months to 2.5 years, for 17 phenotypes from the International Working Dog Registry behavior checklist. The behavior checklist is a document that standardizes a scoring system for the reaction of an individual dog to environmental stimulus. Such scores are used to assess behavior and suitability of a dog for training. Pedigree contained 23,593 animals with birth dates ranging from 1991 to 2019. Genomic data were available for 457 individuals and obtained by low-pass whole genome sequences and reduced to a 250K SNP chip. Breeding values were calculated using a single trait animal model that included the fixed effects of sex, year of birth, and a contemporary group that included month/year of behavior test and organization that hosted the test. Variance components were estimated using AIREML. Genomic information was included in the model under a single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) approach by substituting the pedigree numerator relationship matrix with a matrix that combined pedigree and genomic relationships. Additionally, the genomic relationship matrix was modified under a weighted ssGBLUP (wssGBLUP) approach that allowed SNPs to have different distributions. Accuracies were evaluated in a 5-fold cross-validation that simulated a forward-in-time prediction. Heritabilities were low to moderate on all traits and varied from 0.025 to 0.37. Prediction based solely on pedigree information averaged 0.49 and ranged from 0.34 to 0.69. ssGBLUP increased the average accuracy to 0.55 and ranged from 0.34 to 0.72. Genomic estimated breeding values were more accurate than those computed with pedigrees for most traits. Gains in accuracy were limited by the small number of genotyped animals and are expected to increase as more animals are genotyped. The differences seen between the ssGBLUP approach and the wssGBLUP were minimal, and accuracies decreased after the second iteration. Those results indicate that behavior traits in this population are likely highly polygenic and would not benefit from weighted approaches. However, interpretation may change, as the limitations of the current study are due to the small number of genotyped individuals. Better SNP weight estimates may occur with more animals enrolled in the program, and with that a better description of the genetic architecture of the traits. The gains in accuracy show that genomic selection can help with improvement by identifying which young dogs have the highest genetic merit for the desired traits and are the best choices to keep as replacement breeders. The use of ssGBLUP is adequate for this canine data where not all animals are genotyped, and its use is recommended in selection programs focused on service dogs.
199 Effects of Dietary Fiber and Biotic Supplementation on Apparent Total Tract Macronutrient Digestibility, Fecal Characteristics, and Fecal Metabolites of Healthy Adult Dogs
Authors: Wilson Sofia M , Swanson Kelly S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Synbiotics, or mixtures of live microorganisms and substrates selectively utilized by host microorganisms, may confer complementary or synergistic health benefits to the host. Although synbiotics have demonstrated the potential to modulate the gut microbiome and improve gastrointestinal health in many host species, research trials in companion animal diets are limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility (ATTD) of diets supplemented with fibers or biotics and to evaluate their effects on the fecal characteristics, metabolites, microbiota, and immunoglobulin (Ig) A concentrations of dogs consuming them. Healthy adult female beagles (n = 12; age= 6.2 ± 1.6 yr; BW = 9.5 ± 1.1 kg) were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design to test three dietary treatments: 1) basal diet based on rice, chicken meal, tapioca starch, and cellulose and without probiotics or prebiotics + a placebo treat (control, CT); 2) diet based on rice, chicken meal, garbanzo beans, and cellulose + placebo treat (GB); 3) diet based on rice, chicken meal, and garbanzo beans, and functional fiber/prebiotic blend (mannanoligosaccharides; fructooligosaccharides, inulin, pea fiber, alfalfa meal, Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product) + probiotic-containing treat (synbiotic treatment, SYN). The probiotic treat contained Bacillus subtilus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (2 x 109 CFU/d). In each 28-day period, a 22-day diet adaptation was followed by a 5-day fecal collection phase for measurement of ATTD and fecal characteristics, metabolites, microbiota, and IgA concentrations. Fasted blood samples were collected on day 28 for serum chemistry and complete blood count. All data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS 9.4, with P &lt; 0.05 being significant. ATTD of dry matter (DM), organic matter, and energy were less and DM fecal output was greater in dogs fed SYN than those fed CT or GB, whereas ATTD of crude protein was greater in dogs fed CT and SYN than those fed GB. ATTD of fat was higher and wet fecal output was less in dogs fed CT than those fed GB or SYN. Fecal DM% was greater in dogs fed CT than those fed SYN or GB, and greater in dogs fed SYN than those fed GB. Fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA; acetate, propionate, total SCFA) were higher in dogs fed GB than those fed CT or SYN, and higher in dogs fed GB than those fed SYN. Fecal IgA concentrations were greater in dogs fed GB than those fed CT. Serum triglycerides were less in dogs fed GB than those fed SYN or CT. Our results demonstrate that legume-based dietary fibers, with or without prebiotics and probiotics, slightly reduce nutrient digestibility, increase stool output, beneficially shift fecal metabolites, and reduce blood lipids of adult dogs.
427 A Survey of Mississippi Beef Cattle Producer Attitudes, Practices, and Demographics
Authors: Montgomery-Williams Sarah M , Brumbelow Kaitlin , Larson Jamie E , Maples Josh , Karisch Brandi B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As input costs increase, producers need to be mindful of management practices to maintain profit margins and it is important to understand current management practices. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate current beef marketing strategies and beliefs of beef producers in the state of Mississippi in 2019. This survey was distributed to cattle producers in Mississippi in the June/July issue of “Cattle Business in Mississippi” magazine with return postage. There also was a link included in the “Monday Memo” email sent to members of the Mississippi Cattlemen’s Association. The survey consisted of 22 questions that were divided into three sections: current practices, current cow-calf marketing practice, and general information. Responses from the survey were anonymous and confidential and were received via paper mail or electronic responses. Responses were stored and analyzed using Qualtrics. Data collected from this study were compared with 1999 data from a similar study conducted by Little et al. (2000). Out of 148 respondents, there was a 95% completion rate of surveys taken. Most respondents were 51 years and older with 54% of the respondents being part of the cattle industry for over 31 years. Ninety percent of respondents were members of the Mississippi Cattlemen’s Association and almost 60% were certified in Beef Quality Assurance. The majority, 122 of 148 producers, stated their cattle operation was not the primary source of income for their household. The average number of cows, bulls, stockers/yearling, replacement heifers and cattle on-feed on an operation was greater in the 2019 data compared with 1999. On average, the number of cows per operation increased from 40 to 68 animals, bulls increased from 2 to 5 animals, and replacement heifers increased from 7 to 17 animals from 1999 to 2019. There was also an average increase from 30 to76 animals of stocker/yearling and an increase from 2 to 27 animals of on-feed cattle. Most producers vaccinate (81%) and deworm (85%) according to recommendations and indicated a lack of labor and time as reasons for not implementing some common management practices such as preconditioning. Respondents mainly purchased calves directly from a producer (61%) or from special sales (59%). In 1999, over one-half of respondents purchased from an auction. When it came to selling cattle, 58% of respondents sold at auction regularly in 2019. In 1999, 73% of respondents sold at auctions. In 2019, 72% of respondents stated they did not retain ownership while in 1999 only 58% of respondents did not retain ownership. In conclusion, our results suggest there have been key changes within the cattle industry regarding herd size increases and a shift in selling and purchasing habits since 1999.
244 Fgf-21 Myokine Expression By Cultured Bovine Satellite Cells from 3- and 11-Month-Old Steers
Authors: Shira Katie A , Becker Gabrielle M , Murdoch Brenda M , Thornton Kara J , Chibisa Gwinyai E , Murdoch Gordon K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Myokines are proteins produced by muscle cells that regulate muscle growth and metabolism. In livestock species, little is known about most myokines or their physiological impact. While FGF-21 has been examined in humans and model species for its roles in muscle development, regeneration, and metabolism, it is important to characterize its expression in livestock, such as beef cattle. This study assessed the quantity and temporal abundance of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) expression, from cultured bovine satellite cells (BSC). BSC were isolated from the semimembranosus muscle of 3-month-old (n = 3) and 11-month-old (n = 3) commercially raised angus-based beef steers. BSC were cultured on Matrigel in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum until 70% confluency. At this time, the media was replaced with fresh media representing time zero. Cells and media were collected at times 0-, 12-, 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-hour with zero serving as the baseline. All experiments included three biological and three technical replicates. The content of myokines including FGF-21, were analyzed in the sample’s media using a commercial ELISA kit and cells were collected and stored for gene expression analysis. Statistical analysis was completed using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS. A repeated measures analysis was used to evaluate the fixed effects of age, time, and age×time interaction. Contrasts were used to identify whether the baseline was statistically different from the other timepoints, and Tukey-Kramer adjustments were made. Significance was determined at P ≤ 0.05. There was an interaction effect between age and time (P &lt; 0.0001). The media from the BSC of the 11-month-old steers had greater (P &lt; 0.0001) FGF-21 concentrations than that of the 3-month-old steers at every time point. When evaluating each time in comparison with the baseline of each age independently, there were differences between 0 and 12 hour (P &lt; 0.0001) and 0 and 24 hour (P = 0.002) for the 3-month-old steer BSC, as well as 0 and 12 hour (P = 0.0003) for 11-month-old steer BSC. This study confirms that the myokine FGF-21 is produced by cultured BSC, and in differing quantities depending on the age of the steer at harvest. The observed differences in FGF-21 production in cultured cells harvested from 3- to 11-month-old steers may in part be responsible for some of the differences in growth patterns in muscle cells at these ages. The authors postulate that these data represent the first report of FGF-21 expression in cultured bovine satellite cells.
259 Genome-Wide Insights into Whole Gut Microbiota of Rainbow Trout,Oncorhynchus Mykiss Associated with Changes in Dietary Composition and Temperature Regimens
Authors: Idenyi John N , Eya Jonathan , Hadimundeen Abdallah , Adeyemi Abigeal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gut microbiomes play a significant role in the growth, metabolism, and health of fish. However, we know very little about interactive effects of variations of dietary composition and temperature on rainbow trout gut microbiota. Exactly 288 rainbow trout weighing 45.6g ± 0.05 (average ± SD) were fed four isocaloric, isolipidic, and isonitrogenous diets comprised 40% crude protein and 20% crude lipid and formulated as 100 % animal-based protein (AP) and blend of 50 fish oil (FO)/50 camelina oil (CO), 100 % AP and100 % CO, 100 % plant-based protein (PP) and blend of 50FO/50CO or 100 % PP and 100 % CO in 14 or 18°C for 150 days. Gut content was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene and shotgun sequencing. The most abundant phyla identified regardless of diet were Tenericutes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria while Aeromonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were dominant families in 18°C. Moreover, gut microbes were dominated by genes relating to amino acid, carbohydrate, fat, and energy metabolisms and influenced by temperature. The shared functional profiles for all the diets suggest that plant protein sources in combination with CO could be as good as the fish meal with 50/50 FO and CO in rainbow trout farming.
273 Effects of Xylanase Supplementation in Diets with Reduced Metabolizable Energy and Supplemental Fat on Intestinal Health, Mucosa Associated Microbiota and Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs
Authors: Baker Jonathan T , Elias Duarte Marcos Elias , Kim Sung Woo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of reducing metabolizable energy (ME) below the requirement by reducing supplemental fat on intestinal health and growth performance of nursery pigs. One hundred and ninety-two newly weaned pigs at 7.3 ± 0.6 kg BW were allotted in a RCBD with sex and initial BW as blocks. Pigs were assigned to one of 8 dietary treatments with varying ME levels (3,400, 3,375, 3,350, 3,325, and 3,300 kcal/kg ME) by reducing supplemental fat and increasing xylanase (X0: 0, X40: 1,200, X80: 2,400 and X120: 3,600 XU/kg of feed) in ME deficient diets by 100 kcals/kg. Pigs were fed diets for 35 d in 2 phases (14 d and 21 d, respectively) and growth performance was measured at the end of each phase. Phase 2 diet had titanium dioxide (0.4%) as indigestible external marker to measure ileal digestibility of nutrients. At d 35, a pig representing the median BW within each pen from 3 dietary treatments (ME at 3,400 and 3,300 kcal/kg ME with or without xylanase) were euthanized for sampling jejunal mucosa, jejunal tissue, and ileal digesta to analyze intestinal health parameters, mucosa associated microbiota, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients. Data were analyzed using Mixed procedure of SAS 9.4. Overall, reducing ME level had no effect on growth performance of nursery pigs. However, reducing ME by 100 kcal/kg ME below the requirement increased (P &lt; 0.05) digesta viscosity (1.7 to 2.2 cP) and protein carbonyl (0.18 to 0.40 nmol/mg), tended to change the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae (P = 0.062, 49 to 23%) and Lactobacillaceae (P = 0.086, 7 to 19%), reduced (P &lt; 0.05) villus height (467 to 433 µm) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (1.80 to 1.64) in the jejunum, and reduced (P &lt; 0.05) AID of DM (59.5 to 47.3%), gross energy (59.1 to 43.0%), crude protein (63.4 to 44.6%), and ether extract (67.7 to 55.2%). Xylanase supplementation decreased (P &lt; 0.05) digesta viscosity (2.2 to 1.82 cP) and protein carbonyl (0.40 to 0.17 nmol/mg), increased the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae (20.22 to 61.56%), increased villus height (433 to 462 µm) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (1.64 to 1.99) in the jejunum, and increased (P &lt; 0.05) AID of DM (47.3 to 58.7%), and gross energy (42.9 to 56.0%). In conclusion, reducing ME (100 kcal/kg below the requirement) by reducing supplemental fat (by 2% unit) impaired intestinal health, reducing ability of the pigs to digest feeds whereas xylanase supplementation appeared to mediate some of the negative effects seen by energy reduction by improving intestinal morphology, reducing oxidative damage products, and diversity of the mucosa-associated microbiota.
262 Weaning-Induced Changes in Tissue Cysteine Utilization in Pigs
Authors: Gachman Alexandra M , Newell Brooke , Outlaw Alex , Bartosh Julia , Kim Haejin , Rudar Marko 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Weaning stress in pigs is associated with low and variable feed intake, poor nutrient utilization, and high feed costs. Cysteine is a sulfur amino acid with key roles in pig production, but how cysteine metabolism and requirements are affected by weaning stress should be better defined. The objective of this study was to determine weaning-induced changes in tissue cysteine metabolism. Pigs (initial BW = 7.23 ± 0.68 kg) were either weaned at 21 d age and euthanized at 23 d age (W; n = 9) or remained with the sow and euthanized at 23 d age (NW; n = 9). Weaned pigs were fasted to simulate acute nutritional stress but had free access to water. At euthanasia, blood, liver, jejunum, and ileum tissues were collected. Plasma and tissue amino acids and amino thiols were analyzed by HPLC. The abundance of proteins central to liver cysteine utilization were determined by immunoblot and enzyme activity assays. Glutathione (GSH) concentrations were less in jejunum (1,379 versus 1,720 ± 70 nmol/g; P &lt; 0.01) and ileum (1,497 versus 1,740 ± 74 nmol/g; P &lt; 0.05) in W than NW pigs. However, liver GSH concentration was not different between W and NW pigs (P &gt; 0.10). While cysteine in jejunum and ileum were not affected by weaning (P &gt; 0.10), γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-GC), the immediate precursor of GSH, declined in both jejunum (9.7 versus 14.3 ± 1.4 nmol/g; P &lt; 0.01) and ileum (6.4 versus 11.2 ± 0.8 nmol/g; P &lt; 0.001) in W compared with NW pigs. In liver, cysteine concentration was greater in W compared with NW pigs (417 versus 298 ± 33 nmol/g; P &lt; 0.05). Although liver cysteine was greater in W pigs, liver activity of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL; 2.49 versus 4.15 ± 0.25 nmol γ-GC/(mg protein•min); P &lt; 0.001) and glutathione synthetase (GSS; 1.54 versus 1.92 nmol GSH/(mg protein•min); P &lt; 0.001), enzymes needed for GSH production, were less in W than NW pigs. Immunoblot analysis of the catalytic subunit of GCL (GCLC; P &lt; 0.05) and modifier subunit of GCL (GCLM; P = 0.057) were also lower in W compared with NW pigs, but GSS was not different between groups (P &gt; 0.10). While plasma taurine was lower in W compared with NW pigs (64 versus 128 ± 7 µmol/L, P &lt; 0.001), liver taurine was greater in W compared with NW pigs (4,726 versus 2,250 ± 471 nmol/g; P &lt; 0.01). Despite an increase systemic and liver availability of cysteine, the rate-limiting amino acid for GSH synthesis, small intestine GSH concentrations decline. This suggests that systemic cysteine is not effectively utilized for gut GSH production in pigs after weaning.