bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of isolated galaxies in the Digital Survey Isolated Galaxies (DSIG) catalogue within a redshift range (0.005 &lt; z &lt; 0.080)
Authors: Kinyumu Marcelina K , Kimani Naftali , Nyenge Raphael , Obonyo Willice 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Evolution of galaxies is known to be influenced by a number of factors such as the environment that hosts the galaxy as well as the galaxies intrinsic properties. The environmental effects on galaxy properties have not been fully quantified. In our study, we analysed a sample of isolated galaxies within 0.005 &lt; z &lt; 0.080 from Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release 16, as part of a Digital Survey Isolated Galaxies catalogue. The aim was to investigate intrinsic physical properties of singly isolated galaxies in low-density environment. We investigated the galaxies morphology, colour, luminosity, stellar masses, and star formation rates (SFRs). A concentration index, Cr, of 2.65 separates our isolated sample into early and late types, with the late-types (spiral galaxies) dominating the isolated sample at 68 per cent as confirmed from the visually classified sample obtained from Galaxy Zoo. Our isolated ellipticals are redder, massive, and more luminous, while the isolated spirals are blue, less massive, and less luminous. Both the isolated spirals and ellipticals have steeper colour relations indicating a fast transition to the red sequence. In the colour–colour analysis, most ellipticals were quiescent with the majority of spirals being star forming. 5 per cent of the isolated ellipticals have recently quenched their star formation and are transiting to the red sequence. The isolated spirals experiences higher star-forming activities, with a small fraction of passively evolving high-mass isolated spirals. Similarly, isolated ellipticals exhibit low SFRs indicating passive evolution, with a fraction being actively star forming.
X-ray polarization from parsec-scale components of active galactic nuclei: observational prospects
Authors: Podgorný J , Marin F , Dovčiak M 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a broad analysis of X-ray polarimetric observational prospects for radio-quiet active galactic nuclei (AGN), focusing on the role of parsec-scale components. We provide a revision of self-consistent type-1 and type-2 generic AGN radiative transfer models that were obtained with a Monte Carlo code stokes, evaluating the effects of absorption and scattering. Our model consists of a central disc–corona emission obtained with the kynstokes code in the lamp-post geometry, an equatorial wedge-shaped dusty torus and two symmetric conical polar outflows. We argue that the information on the mutual orientation, shape, relative size, and composition of such components, usually obtained from spectroscopy or polarimetry in other wavelengths, is essential for the X-ray polarization analysis of the obscured type-2 AGNs. We provide general detectability prospects for AGNs with 2–8 keV polarimeters onboard of the currently flying Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) satellite and the forthcoming enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission. Finally, we assess the role of contemporary X-ray polarimetry in our understandings of the unified AGN model after the first year and a half of IXPE operation.
The interplay between accretion, downsizing, and the formation of box/peanut bulges in TNG50
Authors: Anderson Stuart Robert , Gough-Kelly Steven , Debattista Victor P , Du Min , Erwin Peter , Cuomo Virginia , Caruana Joseph , Hernquist Lars , Vogelsberger Mark 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
From the TNG50 cosmological simulation we build a sample of 191 well-resolved barred galaxies with stellar mass $\mbox{$\log (M_{\star }/\mathrm{M}_{\odot })$}\gt 10$ at z = 0. We search for box/peanut bulges (BPs) in this sample, finding them in 55 per cent of cases. We compute $\mbox{$f_{\rm BP}$}$, the BP probability for barred galaxies as a function of M⋆, and find that this rises to a plateau, as found in observations of nearby galaxies. The transition mass where $\mbox{$f_{\rm BP}$}$ reaches half the plateau value is $\mbox{$\log (M_{\star }/\mathrm{M}_{\odot })$}= 10.13\pm 0.07$, consistent with the observational value within measurement errors. We show that this transition in $\mbox{$f_{\rm BP}$}$ can be attributed to the youth of the bars at low M⋆, which is a consequence of downsizing. Young bars, being generally shorter and weaker, have not yet had time to form BPs. At high mass, while we find a plateau, the value is at $\sim 60~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ whereas observations saturate at 100 per cent. We attribute this difference to excessive heating in TNG50 due to merger activity and numerical resolution effects. BPs in TNG50 tend to occur in galaxies with more quiescent merger histories. As a result, the main driver of whether a bar hosts a BP in TNG50 is not the galaxy mass, but how long and strong the bar is. Separating the BP sample into those that have visibly buckled and those that have not, we find that fully half of BP galaxies show clear signs of buckling, despite the excessive heating and limited vertical resolution of TNG50.
hsa_circRNA_BECN1 acts as a ceRNA to promote polycystic ovary syndrome progression by sponging the miR-619-5p/Rab5b axis
Authors: Fan Hairui , Zhou Dongjie , Zhang Xiaomei , Jiang Min , Kong Xiang , Xue Tongmin , Gao Lingling , Lu Dan , Tao Chenyue , Wang Liping 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disease that affects women of reproductive age. It is also a significant cause of infertility. Circular RNAs have been found to have a crucial role in the development and progression of reproductive system diseases. In this study, we focused on circ_BECN1 and aimed to investigate its role and mechanism in PCOS, providing a foundation for early diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Our findings revealed an upregulation of circ_BECN1 expression in the ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) of PCOS patients. Additionally, the silencing of circ_BECN1 resulted in inhibited proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of the human ovarian granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN), therefore implicating circ_BECN1 in the cell cycle process. Through a dual-luciferase reporting assay, we determined that circ_BECN1 acts as a sponge for miR-619-5p and that Rab5b is the target gene of miR-619-5p. Moreover, the expression of Rab5b was found to be upregulated in the ovarian tissue of PCOS patients. Knocking down circ_BECN1 resulted in decreased Rab5b expression, which was then restored by using a miR-619-5p inhibitor. Additionally, rescue experiments demonstrated that overexpressing Rab5b reversed the effects of circ_BECN1 knockdown on cell proliferation and apoptosis in KGN cells. In summary, our findings indicate that circ_BECN1 is upregulated in PCOS GCs and promotes cell growth and cell cycle progression, and reduces cell apoptosis by modulating the miR-619-5p/Rab5b axis. Therefore, circ_BECN1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for PCOS treatment.
The great catastrophe: causes of the Permo-Triassic marine mass extinction
Authors: Wignall Paul B , Bond David P G 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The marine losses during the Permo-Triassic mass extinction were the worst ever experienced. All groups were badly affected, especially amongst the benthos (e.g. brachiopods, corals, bryozoans, foraminifers, ostracods). Planktonic populations underwent a fundamental change with eukaryotic algae being replaced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, green-sulphur bacteria, sulphate-reducing bacteria and prasinophytes. Detailed studies of boundary sections, especially those in South China, have resolved the crisis to a ∼55 kyr interval straddling the Permo-Triassic boundary. Many of the losses occur at the beginning and end of this interval painting a picture of a two-phase extinction. Improved knowledge of the extinction has been supported by numerous geochemical studies that allow diverse proposed extinction mechanisms to be studied. A transition from oxygenated to anoxic-euxinic conditions is seen in most sections globally, although the intensity and timing shows regional variability. Decreased ocean ventilation coincides with rapidly rising temperatures and many extinction scenarios attribute the losses to both anoxia and high temperatures. Other kill mechanisms include ocean acidification for which there is conflicting support from geochemical proxies and, even less likely, siltation (burial under a massive influx of terrigenous sediment) which lacks substantive sedimentological evidence. The ultimate driver of the catastrophic changes at the end of the Permian was likely Siberian Trap eruptions and their associated carbon dioxide emissions with consequences such as warming, ocean stagnation and acidification. Volcanic winter episodes stemming from Siberian volcanism have also been linked to the crisis, but the short-term nature of these episodes (&lt;decades) and the overwhelming evidence for rapid warming during the crisis makes this an unlikely cause. Finally, whilst the extinction is well studied in equatorial latitudes, a different history is found in northern Boreal latitudes including an earlier crisis which merits further study in order to fully understand the course and cause of the Permo-Triassic extinctions.
Electricity vs hydrogen in the transition towards sustainable mobility
Authors: Ajanovic Amela 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Currently, the transport and automotive industry sectors are at a crossroads moving away from fossil fuels to various alternatives increasing the global competition on vehicle markets and for resources. Over the last years, electrification of mobility has emerged as one of the major strategies that, accompanied with supporting measures, has led to rapid increase in the number of electric vehicles. Recently, hydrogen and hydrogen derivates as alternative fuels have also gained more interest and are considered to grow substantially in the near future as their production costs are decreasing. Here, we discuss the electric and hydrogen pathways towards zero-emission vehicles and sustainable mobility focusing on their benefits and challenges in the transition. We conclude that the future relevance of zero-emission vehicles will be heavily dependent on the policy framework, investments, and long-term visions.
The role of oral health promotion in oral health policy
Authors: Downer Martin C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Policy is a plan for action adopted or pursued by an individual, government, political party, commercial enterprise, or any other organization. The nub of the definition is ‘plan for action’ and this implies action towards a specified objective or goal. In many places in the world examples may be found of governments, professional organizations, or other groups prescribing broad aims for their communities’ dental services or adopting goals for oral health. In those countries where health care and related systems are most highly developed, action towards these goals is generally supported by a strong statutory framework. Nevertheless, while some countries have a long history of slow and gradual development of their dental services underpinned by networks of laws and regulations, health promotion has been included in oral health and related legislation only relatively recently. In countries at the opposite end of the spectrum health promotional activities, where they exist, have arisen haphazardly mostly from the initiative of local authorities or professional groups. These countries have not yet come to rely on formal legislation.
Oral health promotion in old age
Authors: Kiyak H Asuman 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As the number of older adults increases in the world’s population, and as many of these older people retain their natural teeth, oral health promotion becomes more important for maintaining their quality of life. In this chapter we will examine why oral health is an important concern for the older population and their care providers as well as for the health professionals who must treat them when oral conditions become unmanageable at home, and the methods and benefits of health promotion to maintain the older person’s well-being. Throughout this chapter we will use a systems perspective to discuss the interaction of multiple individual and social systems in creating the need for and influencing the success of health promotion efforts. Age-related changes in the older person’s organ systems interact with the individual’s expectations about health and disease in old age; these changes in turn interact with society’s willingness and ability to provide oral health services for older adults. These interactions influence health beliefs, behaviours and subsequently the oral health status of older adults.
Soybean type-B response regulator GmRR1 mediates phosphorus uptake and yield by modifying root architecture
Authors: Yang Yuming , Wang Li , Zhang Dan , Che Zhijun , Wang Qing , Cui Ruifan , Zhao Wei , Huang Fang , Zhang Hengyou , Cheng Hao , Yu Deyue 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Phosphorus (P) plays a pivotal role in plant growth and development. Low P stress can greatly hamper plant growth. Here, we identified a QTL (named QPH-9-1), which is associated with P efficiency across multiple environments through linkage analysis and genome-wide association study. Furthermore, we successfully cloned the underlying soybean (Glycine max) gene GmRR1 (a soybean type-B Response Regulator 1) that encodes a type-B response regulator protein. Knockout of GmRR1 resulted in a substantial increase in plant height, biomass, P uptake efficiency, and yield-related traits due to the modification of root structure. In contrast, overexpression of GmRR1 in plants resulted in a decrease in these phenotypes. Further analysis revealed that knockout of GmRR1 substantially increased the levels of auxin and ethylene in roots, thereby promoting root hair formation and growth by promoting the formation of root hair primordium and lengthening the root apical meristem. Yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and dual-luciferase assays demonstrated an interaction between GmRR1 and Histidine-containing Phosphotransmitter protein 1. Expression analysis suggested that these proteins coparticipated in response to low P stress. Analysis of genomic sequences showed that GmRR1 underwent a selection during soybean domestication. Taken together, this study provides further insights into how plants respond to low P stress by modifying root architecture through phytohormone pathways.
Lysinoalanine cross-linking is a conserved post-translational modification in the spirochete flagellar hook
Authors: Lynch Michael J , Deshpande Maithili , Kurniyati Kurni , Zhang Kai , James Milinda , Miller Michael , Zhang Sheng , Passalia Felipe J , Wunder Elsio A , Charon Nyles W , Li Chunhao , Crane Brian R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Spirochetes cause Lyme disease, leptospirosis, syphilis, and several other human illnesses. Unlike other bacteria, spirochete flagella are enclosed within the periplasmic space where the filaments distort and push the cell body by the action of the flagellar motors. We previously demonstrated that the oral pathogen Treponema denticola (Td) and Lyme disease pathogen Borreliella burgdorferi (Bb) form covalent lysinoalanine (Lal) cross-links between conserved cysteine and lysine residues of the FlgE protein that composes the flagellar hook. In Td, Lal is unnecessary for hook assembly but is required for motility, presumably due to the stabilizing effect of the cross-link. Herein, we extend these findings to other, representative spirochete species across the phylum. We confirm the presence of Lal cross-linked peptides in recombinant and in vivo-derived samples from Treponema spp., Borreliella spp., Brachyspira spp., and Leptospira spp. As was observed with Td, a mutant strain of Bb unable to form the cross-link has greatly impaired motility. FlgE from Leptospira spp. does not conserve the Lal-forming cysteine residue which is instead substituted by serine. Nevertheless, Leptospira interrogans FlgE also forms Lal, with several different Lal isoforms being detected between Ser-179 and Lys-145, Lys-148, and Lys-166, thereby highlighting species or order-specific differences within the phylum. Our data reveal that the Lal cross-link is a conserved and necessary posttranslational modification across the spirochete phylum and may thus represent an effective target for the development of spirochete-specific antimicrobials.
Bone mineral density and fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the DXA-HIP project
Authors: Ebrahimiarjestan Mina , Yang Lan , E. Erjiang , Wang Tingyan , Carey John J , Whelan Bryan , Silke Carmel , O’Sullivan Miriam , Gsel Amina , Brennan Attracta , Dempsey Mary , Yu Ming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesRA is a chronic disabling disease affecting 0.5–1% of adults worldwide. People with RA have a greater prevalence of multimorbidity, particularly osteoporosis and associated fractures. Recent studies suggest that fracture risk is related to both non-RA and RA factors, whose importance is heterogeneous across studies. This study seeks to compare baseline demographic and DXA data across three cohorts: healthy controls, RA patients and a non-RA cohort with major risk factors and/or prior major osteoporotic fracture (MOF).MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study using data collected from three DXA centres in the west of Ireland from January 2000 to November 2018.ResultsData were available for 30 503 subjects who met our inclusion criteria: 9539 (31.3%) healthy controls, 1797 (5.9%) with RA and 19 167 (62.8%) others. Although age, BMI and BMD were similar between healthy controls, the RA cohort and the other cohort, 289 (16.1%) RA patients and 5419 (28.3%) of the non-RA cohort had prior MOF. In the RA and non-RA cohorts, patients with previous MOF were significantly older and had significantly lower BMD at the femoral neck, total hip and spine.ConclusionAlthough age, BMI and BMD were similar between a healthy control cohort and RA patients and others with major fracture risk factors, those with a previous MOF were older and had significantly lower BMD at all three measured skeletal sites. Further studies are needed to address the importance of these and other factors for identifying those RA patients most likely to experience fractures.
Single-Crossing Differences in Convex Environments
Authors: Kartik Navin , Lee SangMok , Rappoport Daniel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An agent’s preferences depend on an ordered parameter or type. We characterize the set of utility functions with single-crossing differences (SCD) in convex environments. These include preferences over lotteries, both in expected utility and rank-dependent utility frameworks, and preferences over bundles of goods and over consumption streams. Our notion of SCD does not presume an order on the choice space. This unordered SCD is necessary and sufficient for “interval choice” comparative statics. We present applications to cheap talk, observational learning, and collective choice, showing how convex environments arise in these problems and how SCD/interval choice are useful. Methodologically, our main characterization stems from a result on linear aggregations of single-crossing functions.
Diagnosis of calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease by ultrasonography: how many and which sites should be scanned?
Authors: Cipolletta Edoardo , Moscioni Erica , Sirotti Silvia , Di Battista Jacopo , Abhishek Abhishek , Rozza Davide , Zanetti Anna , Carrara Greta , Scirè Carlo Alberto , Grassi Walter , Filippou Georgios , Filippucci Emilio 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
To develop the optimal US scanning protocol for the diagnosis of calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD) disease.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, consecutive patients with a crystal-proven diagnosis of CPPD disease, and age-, sex-matched disease controls with a negative synovial fluid analysis were prospectively enrolled in two Italian Institutions. Four rheumatologists, blinded to patients’ clinical details, performed US examinations using a standardized scanning protocol including 20 joints (shoulders, elbows, wrists, metacarpophalangeal joints from second to fifth fingers, hips, knees, ankles). CPPD was identified as presence/absence, according to the OMERACT definitions. Reduced US scanning protocols were developed by selecting the most informative joints to be imaged by US using the LASSO technique. Patients were randomly divided into training and validation sets. Their diagnostic accuracy was tested comparing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results
The number of participants enrolled was 204: 102 with CPPD disease and 102 disease controls [age, mean (s.d.): 71.3 (12.0) vs 71.1 (13.5) years; female: 62.8% vs 57.8%]. The median number of joints with US evidence of CPPD was 5 [interquartile range (IQR): 4–7] and 0 (IQR: 0–1) in patients with CPPD disease and controls, respectively (P &lt; 0.01). The detection of CPPD in ≥2 joints using a reduced scanning protocol (bilateral assessment of knees, wrists and hips) showed a sensitivity of 96.7% (95% CI: 82.8, 99.9) and a specificity of 100 (95% CI: 88.8, 100.0) for the diagnosis of CPPD disease and had good feasibility [mean (s.d.): 12.5 (5.3) min].

Conclusion
Bilateral US assessment of knees, wrists and hips had excellent accuracy and good feasibility for the diagnosis of CPPD disease.
Pursuing an overarching commodification script through country-specific interventions? The EU’s New Economic Governance prescriptions in healthcare (2009–2019)
Authors: Stan Sabina , Erne Roland 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
After the 2008 financial crisis, the European Union (EU) introduced a New Economic Governance (NEG) regime, which enabled much more coercive interventions of EU executives in social policy areas hitherto shielded from them. This study assesses the policy orientation of their NEG prescriptions in healthcare for Germany, Ireland, Italy, and Romania from 2009 to 2019 and the potential for countervailing actions of labour movements. Acknowledging organized labour’s contribution to the making of decommodified healthcare systems after 1945, we ask if the NEG prescriptions were informed by an overarching healthcare commodification script, as this is a necessary (albeit not sufficient) condition for transnational counter-movements. Our analysis reveals that the country-specific NEG prescriptions of the European Commission and the Council followed an overarching commodification script, which especially targeted the countries that lagged behind in health service commodification. NEG thus represents a case of reversed differentiated integration, which provided both opportunities and challenges to transnational counter-movements.