bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Antepartum and Postpartum Air Pollution Exposure With Postpartum Depression in Southern California
Authors: Sun Yi , Headon Kathryne S. , Jiao Anqi , Slezak Jeff M. , Avila Chantal C. , Chiu Vicki Y. , Sacks David A. , Molitor John , Benmarhnia Tarik , Chen Jiu-Chiuan , Getahun Darios , Wu Jun 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceWomen are especially vulnerable to mental health matters post partum because of biological, emotional, and social changes during this period. However, epidemiologic evidence of an association between air pollution exposure and postpartum depression (PPD) is limited.ObjectiveTo examine the associations between antepartum and postpartum maternal air pollution exposure and PPD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used data from Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) electronic health records and included women who had singleton live births at KPSC facilities between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2016. Data were analyzed between January 1 and May 10, 2023.ExposuresAmbient air pollution exposures were assessed based on maternal residential addresses using monthly averages of particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5), particulate matter less than or equal to 10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) from spatial interpolation of monitoring station measurements. Constituents of PM2.5 (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic matter, and black carbon) were obtained from fine-resolution geoscience-derived models based on satellite, ground-based monitor, and chemical transport modeling data.Main Outcomes and MeasuresParticipants with an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of 10 or higher during the 6 months after giving birth were referred to a clinical interview for further assessment and diagnosis. Ascertainment of PPD was defined using a combination of diagnostic codes and prescription medications.ResultsThe study included 340 679 participants (mean [SD] age, 30.05 [5.81] years), with 25 674 having PPD (7.54%). Increased risks for PPD were observed to be associated with per-IQR increases in antepartum and postpartum exposures to O3 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06-1.12), PM10 (AOR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.04), and PM2.5 (AOR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1. 00-1.03) but not with NO2; PPD risks were mainly associated with PM2.5 organic matter and black carbon. Overall, a higher risk of PPD was associated with O3 during the entire pregnancy and postpartum periods and with PM exposure during the late pregnancy and postpartum periods.Conclusions and RelevanceThe study findings suggest that long-term exposure to antepartum and postpartum air pollution was associated with higher PPD risks. Identifying the modifiable environmental risk factors and developing interventions are important public health issues to improve maternal mental health and alleviate the disease burden of PPD.
Population-Modifiable Risk Factors Associated With Childhood Stunting in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ahmed Kedir Y. , Dadi Abel F. , Ogbo Felix Akpojene , Page Andrew , Agho Kingsley E. , Akalu Temesgen Yihunie , Baraki Adhanom Gebreegziabher , Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn , Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu , Alamneh Tesfa Sewunet , Tessema Zemenu Tadesse , Kabthymer Robel Hussen , Tamirat Koku Sisay , Ross Allen G. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceIdentifying modifiable risk factors associated with childhood stunting in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is imperative for the development of evidence-based interventions and to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.ObjectiveTo evaluate key modifiable risk factors associated with childhood stunting in SSA.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study examined the most recent (2014-2021) Demographic and Health Surveys data for children younger than 5 years from 25 SSA countries.ExposuresModifiable risk factors included history of diarrhea within 2 weeks, consumption of dairy products, maternal body mass index, maternal educational level, antenatal care visits, place of birth, wealth index, type of toilet, and type of cooking fuel.Main Outcomes and MeasuresStunting and severe stunting, measured using the height-for-age z score, were the main outcomes. Children who scored below −2.0 SDs or −3.0 SDs were classified as having stunted or severely stunted growth, respectively. Relative risks and 95% CIs were computed using generalized linear latent and mixed models and log-binomial link functions. Population-attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated using adjusted relative risks and prevalence estimates for key modifiable risk factors.ResultsThis study included 145 900 children from 25 SSA countries. The mean (SD) age of the children was 29.4 (17.3) months, and 50.6% were male. The highest PAFs of severe childhood stunting were observed for mothers lacking a formal education (PAF, 21.9%; 95% CI, 19.0%-24.8%), children lacking consumption of dairy products (PAF, 20.8%; 95% CI, 16.8%-24.9%), unclean cooking fuel (PAF, 9.5%; 95% CI, 2.6%-16.3%), home birth (PAF, 8.3%; 95% CI, 6.3%-10.0%), and low-income household (PAF, 5.8%; 95% CI, 3.4%-8.0%). These 5 modifiable risk factors were associated with 51.6% (95% CI, 40.5%-60.9%) of the severe childhood stunting in SSA.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study identified 5 modifiable risk factors that were associated with 51.6% of severe childhood stunting in SSA. These factors should be a priority for policy makers when considering future child health interventions to address chronic malnutrition in SSA.
Estimated Average Treatment Effect of Psychiatric Hospitalization in Patients With Suicidal Behaviors
Authors: Ross Eric L. , Bossarte Robert M. , Dobscha Steven K. , Gildea Sarah M. , Hwang Irving , Kennedy Chris J. , Liu Howard , Luedtke Alex , Marx Brian P. , Nock Matthew K. , Petukhova Maria V. , Sampson Nancy A. , Zainal Nur Hani , Sverdrup Erik , Wager Stefan , Kessler Ronald C. 
Published: October 2023

ImportancePsychiatric hospitalization is the standard of care for patients presenting to an emergency department (ED) or urgent care (UC) with high suicide risk. However, the effect of hospitalization in reducing subsequent suicidal behaviors is poorly understood and likely heterogeneous.ObjectivesTo estimate the association of psychiatric hospitalization with subsequent suicidal behaviors using observational data and develop a preliminary predictive analytics individualized treatment rule accounting for heterogeneity in this association across patients.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA machine learning analysis of retrospective data was conducted. All veterans presenting with suicidal ideation (SI) or suicide attempt (SA) from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2015, were included. Data were analyzed from September 1, 2022, to March 10, 2023. Subgroups were defined by primary psychiatric diagnosis (nonaffective psychosis, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and other) and suicidality (SI only, SA in past 2-7 days, and SA in past day). Models were trained in 70.0% of the training samples and tested in the remaining 30.0%.ExposuresPsychiatric hospitalization vs nonhospitalization.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFatal and nonfatal SAs within 12 months of ED/UC visits were identified in administrative records and the National Death Index. Baseline covariates were drawn from electronic health records and geospatial databases.ResultsOf 196 610 visits (90.3% men; median [IQR] age, 53 [41-59] years), 71.5% resulted in hospitalization. The 12-month SA risk was 11.9% with hospitalization and 12.0% with nonhospitalization (difference, −0.1%; 95% CI, −0.4% to 0.2%). In patients with SI only or SA in the past 2 to 7 days, most hospitalization was not associated with subsequent SAs. For patients with SA in the past day, hospitalization was associated with risk reductions ranging from −6.9% to −9.6% across diagnoses. Accounting for heterogeneity, hospitalization was associated with reduced risk of subsequent SAs in 28.1% of the patients and increased risk in 24.0%. An individualized treatment rule based on these associations may reduce SAs by 16.0% and hospitalizations by 13.0% compared with current rates.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that psychiatric hospitalization is associated with reduced average SA risk in the immediate aftermath of an SA but not after other recent SAs or SI only. Substantial heterogeneity exists in these associations across patients. An individualized treatment rule accounting for this heterogeneity could both reduce SAs and avert hospitalizations.
Defining a High-Quality and Effective Morbidity and Mortality Conference
Authors: Beaulieu-Jones Brendin R. , Wilson Spencer , Howard Daniel S. , Rasic Gordana , Rembetski Ben , Brotschi Erica A. , Pernar Luise I. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceMorbidity and mortality conferences (MMCs) are thought to advance trainee education, quality improvement (QI), and faculty development. However, there is considerable variability with regard to their completion.ObjectiveTo compile and analyze the literature describing the format, design, and other attributes of MMCs that appear to best advance their stated objectives related to QI and practitioner education.Evidence ReviewFor this systematic review, a literature search with terms combining conference and QI or morbidity and mortality was performed in January 2022, using the PubMed, Embase, and ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) databases with no date restrictions. Included studies were published in English and described surgical or nonsurgical MMCs with explicit reference to quality or system improvement, education, professional development, or patient outcomes; these studies were classified by design as survey based, intervention based, or other methodologies. For survey-based studies, positively and negatively regarded attributes of conference design, format, and completion were extracted. For intervention-based studies, details of the intervention and their impact on stated MMC objectives were abstracted. Principal study findings were summarized for the other group. Study quality was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI). Abstract screening, full-text review, and data extraction and analysis were completed between January 2022 and December 2022.FindingsA total of 59 studies met appropriateness for study inclusion. The mean MERSQI score for the included studies was 6.7 (range, 5.0-9.5) of a maximum possible 18, which implied that the studies were of average quality. The evidence suggested that preparation and postconference follow-up regarding QI initiatives are equally as important as both (1) succinctly presenting case details, opportunities for improvement, and educational topics and (2) creating a constructive space for accountability, engagement, and multistakeholder discussion.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that the published literature on MMCs provides substantial insight into the optimal format, design, and related attributes of an effective MMC. This systematic review provides a road map for surgical departments to improve MMCs in order to align their format and design with their principal objectives related to practitioner and trainee education, error prevention, and QI.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Glasel Tim , Hapke Marko 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCobalt‐catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions are an important tool for the assembly of carbo‐ and hetero‐cyclic ring systems from simple precursor molecules such as alkynes, alkenes, nitriles, and other heterocumulenes such as isocyanates. Cyclopentadienyl (Cp)‐cobalt complexes are still one of the most important classes of catalysts, butin situgenerated cobalt catalyst systems are becoming increasingly important for the assembly of achiral as well as chiral target molecules from a large variety of substrates. Substrates comprise simple terminal as well as internal alkynes, diynes, and higher oligoynes and also allow target‐oriented syntheses of unusually large as well as highly substituted molecules as well as natural product synthesis with a cyclotrimerization as the key step of the synthetic sequence. The utilization of olefins as cyclization partners allows the synthesis of products with lesser degree of unsaturation such as cyclohexadienes, cyclohexenes, and dihydropyridines, just to name a view examples. Chiral catalyst systems allow the enantioselective synthesis of biaryls and products with central chirality, and chiral starting materials allow the synthesis of diastereomeric helicenes in an efficient manner. Novel catalysts and reaction engineering allow reaction conditions such as conventional thermal or microwave heating, photochemically assisted cyclizations, and the use of plug‐flow reactors.
Modal Adjectives
Authors: Oltra‐Massuet Isabel , Castroviejo Elena 
Published: October 2023

AbstractModal adjectives pose wide‐ranging questions for the architecture of grammar, because they involve aspects of morphology, syntax and semantics and thus they are a good testing ground to investigate the ways in which these modules interact or how they are constrained, especially in relation to morphosyntactic decomposition, passive and middle voice, types of modality and the notions of stativity and eventivity. They raise further specific questions for syntactic categorization and category change, the nature of non‐verbal semantic modality, the relationship between the syntactic subcategorization properties of the base and those of the modal adjective, or how morphological processes influence the syntactic and semantic properties of adjectives. Some of the main challenges raised by modal adjectives across different languages are reviewed, mainly (i) their modal semantics, in relation to the different root modal interpretations available in the verbal domain, suggesting a neat classification that distinguishes the various dynamic, priority and dispositional/willingness interpretations available; and (ii) their morphosyntactic properties, especially in relation to their (non)‐eventive properties and the typology of ‐bleadjectives they give rise to.
Rich Agreement and Verb Movement
Authors: Koeneman Olaf , Tvica Seid , Zeijlstra Hedde 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this entry we provide an overview of the alleged correlation between the finite verb and the properties of the inflection of the verb. Specifically, it has been attested that in languages where the verb exhibits little or no inflectional morphology, no elements can intervene between the verb and the direct object (in discourse‐neutral contexts). In contrast, such intervention effects have been abundantly attested in languages where the verb exhibits a sufficiently ‘rich’ morphology. This led to the hypothesis that verb movement is triggered by rich inflectional morphology. Thus far this relation between the syntax and the morphology of the finite verb has been addressed in great detail primarily for Germanic and related languages, but more recently the research has extended beyond them. We will review the empirical claims that led to the hypothesis, as well as their theoretical implications. In addition, we will evaluate the empirical facts in a number of non‐Germanic and non‐Indo‐European languages and address the issues that arise in them. We will see that the hypothesis has not been fully confirmed or rejected yet, partly because, even though it is superficially far‐reaching, there often are particular, language‐specific properties and confounding effects that make its straightforward evaluation impossible.
Synthetic versus Analytic Expressions
Authors: Acedo‐Matellán Víctor 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA single semantic representation can be expressed via one word, in a synthetic expression, or via multiple words, in an analytic expression. Similarly, the notions of synthetic and analytic can be related to how features are expressed in morphemes: they can be encoded either in one single morpheme or in several morphemes. Pairs of related synthetic and analytic expressions are found abundantly both within and across languages, which explains why the synthetic–analytic difference has been exploited by scholars since the seventeenth century to define linguistic typologies and phases of diachronic change. Within generative‐transformational grammar, the synthetic–analytic connection finds a parallel in multi stratality. All major generative models map a basically analytic representation onto one that contains some degree of syntheticity. In the latest, minimalist instantiations, different mechanisms are devised to produce a packaging of features into morphemes and of morphemes into words. Moreover, these models have produced a bunch of successful predictions about the universal constraints on the synthetic versus analytic realization of linguistic expressions.
Commissioning of Mobius3D/FX for patient‐specific quality assurance: The CUIMC—NewYork Presbyterian Hospital experience
Authors: Li Fiona , Price Michael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeTo present the process undertaken by our institute in commissioning Mobius3D (M3D) for patient‐specific quality assurance.Method168 plans were randomly selected to compare dose distribution measured with ArcCheck and dose calculated from M3D, both compared against the treatment planning system (TPS). The gamma criteria for measurement and M3D are 3%/2 mm with 10% and 50% dose thresholds, respectively. The effect of tissue inhomogeneity was investigated on 11 plans by recalculating the dose in M3D on a homogeneous phantom. Tolerance and action limits were established following the AAPM Task Group 218 recommendations.ResultsThe M3D showed high variability in gamma passing rate compared to the measurement. Twenty‐three out of 168 plans had false negative dose comparisons. These plans fall under high tissue inhomogeneity like lung and metal implants, small field targets, and breast plans planned with high energy. One false negative case (0.6%) was observed. A single tolerance limit of 91% and 92% gamma passing rate for the M3D and measurement‐based PSQA were established, respectively. Against the expectation, recalculating plans on the homogeneous phantom in M3D did not necessarily increase the gamma passing rate. These plans have a duty cycle >4.2, and the small field sizes combined with differences in slice thickness contributed to observed dose differences in the homogeneous phantom comparisons.ConclusionFollowing the commissioning, M3D is adopted in our institute. Currently, the gamma criteria used for measurement and M3D are 3%/2 mm, 40% dose threshold, with gamma passing rates of 92% and 95%, respectively. A higher passing rate for M3D is adopted until more data is available. The combined effect of plan modulation, the field sizes, the tissue inhomogeneity, the dose algorithm, and the volume averaging effect from differences in slice thickness can contribute to the differences in dose in M3D and TPS.
Photoinduced Nonvolatile Memory Transistor Based on Lead‐Free Perovskite Incorporating Fused π‐Conjugated Organic Ligands
Authors: Zhang Fan , Shao Mingchao , Wang Chengyu , Wen Wei , Shi Wenkang , Qin Mingcong , Huang Haojie , Wei Xiaofang , Guo Yunlong , Liu Yunqi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPerovskites field‐effect transistors (PeFETs) have been intensively investigated for their application in detector and synapse. However, synapse based on PeFETs is still very difficult to integrate excellent charge carrier transporting ability, photosensitivity, and nonvolatile memory effects into one device, which is very important for developing bionic electronic devices and edge computing. Here, two‐dimensional (2D) perovskites are synthesized by incorporating fused π‑conjugated pyrene‐O‐ethyl‐ammonium (POE) ligands and a systematic study is conducted to obtain enhanced performance and reliable PeFETs. The optimized (POE)2SnI4 transistors display the hole mobility over 0.3 cm2 V−1 s−1, high repeatability, and operational stability. Meanwhile, the derived photo memory devices show remarkable photoresponse, with a switching ratio higher than 105, high visible light responsivity (>4 × 104 A W−1), and stable storage‐erase cycles, as well as competitive retention performance (104 s). The photoinduced memory behavior can be benefiting from the insulating nature of quantum‐well in 2D perovskite under dark and its excellent light sensitivity. The excellent photo memory behaviors have been maintained after 40 days in a N2 atmosphere. Finally, a 2D perovskite‐only transistors with a multi‐level memory behavior (16 distinct states) is described by controlling incident light pulse. This work provides broader attention toward 2D perovskite and optoelectronic application.
Cd‐Free Pure Sulfide Kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cell with Over 800 mV Open‐Circuit Voltage Enabled by Phase Evolution Intervention
Authors: Wang Ao , Huang Jialiang , Cong Jialin , Yuan Xiaojie , He Mingrui , Li Jianjun , Yan Chang , Cui Xin , Song Ning , Zhou Shujie , Green Martin A , Sun Kaiwen , Hao Xiaojing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Cd‐free Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cell is an ideal candidate for producing low‐cost clean energy through green materials owing to its inherent environmental friendliness and earth abundance. Nevertheless, sulfide CZTS has long suffered from severe open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficits, limiting the full exploitation of performance potential and further progress. Here, an effective strategy is proposed to alleviate the nonradiative VOC loss by manipulating the phase evolution during the critical kesterite phase formation stage. With a Ge cap layer on the precursor, premature CZTS grain formation is suppressed at low temperatures, leading to fewer nucleation centers at the initial crystallization stage. Consequently, the CZTS grain formation and crystallization are deferred to high temperatures, resulting in enhanced grain interior quality and less unfavorable grain boundaries in the final film. As a result, a champion efficiency of 10.7% for Cd‐free CZTS solar cells with remarkably high VOC beyond 800 mV (63.2% Schockley–Queisser limit) is realized, indicating that nonradiative recombination is effectively inhibited. This strategy may advance other compound semiconductors seeking high‐quality crystallization.
A Dynamically Stable Mixed Conducting Interphase for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Shuai , Yang Shi‐Jie , Liu Gui‐Xian , Hu Jiang‐Kui , Liao Yu‐Long , Wang Xi‐Long , Wen Rui , Yuan Hong , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium (Li) metal batteries (ASSLMBs) employing sulfide solid electrolytes have attracted increasing attention owing to superior safety and high energy density. However, the instability of sulfide electrolytes against Li metal induces the formation of two types of incompetent interphases, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and mixed conducting interphase (MCI), which significantly blocks rapid Li‐ion transport and induces uneven Li deposition and continuous interface degradation. In this contribution, a dynamically stable mixed conducting interphase (S‐MCI) is proposed by in situ stress self‐limiting reaction to achieve the compatibility of Li metal with composite sulfide electrolytes (Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) and Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS)). The rational design of composite electrolytes utilizes the expansion stress induced by the electrolyte decomposition to in turn constrain the further decomposition of LGPS. Consequently, the S‐MCI inherits the high dynamical stability of LPSCl‐derived SEI and the lithiophilic affinity of Li–Ge alloy in LGPS‐derived MCI. The Li||Li symmetric cells with the protection of S‐MCI can operate stably for 1500 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 and 0.5 mAh cm−2. The Li||NCM622 full cells present stable cycling for 100 cycles at 0.1 C with a high‐capacity retention of 93.7%. This work sheds fresh insight into constructing electrochemically stable interphase for high‐performance ASSLMBs.