bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On providing blocking probability and throughput guarantees in a multi‐service environment
Authors: Fodor Gábor , Rácz Sándor , Telek Miklós 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAs the Internet evolves from a packet network supporting a single best effort service class towards an integrated infrastructure supporting several service classes—some with QoS guarantees—there is a growing interest in the introduction of admission control and in devising bandwidth sharing strategies, which meet the diverse needs of QoS‐assured and elastic services. In this paper we show that the extension of the classical multi‐rate loss model is possible in a way that makes it useful in the performance analysis of a future admission control based Internet that supports traffic with peak rate guarantee as well as elastic traffic. After introducing the model, it is applied for the analysis of a single link, where it sheds light on the trade‐off betweenblocking probabilityandthroughput. For the investigation of this trade‐off, we introduce the throughput‐threshold constraint, which bounds the probability that the throughput of a traffic flow drops below a predefined threshold. Finally, we use the model to determine the optimal parameter set of the popular partial overlap link allocation policy: we propose a computationally efficient algorithm that provides blocking probability‐ and throughput guarantees. We conclude that the model and the numerical results provide important insights in traffic engineering in the Internet. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti in cyst fluid of tumors of the brain: A report of three cases
Authors: Aron Manju , Kapila Kusum , Sarkar Chitra , Verma Kusum 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMicrofilariae of various nematodes, including Loa loa, Dirofilariae, and Onchocerca volvulus, have been identified in the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS, however, is a rare site for the isolation of microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti. To the best of our knowledge, the presence of microfilariae of W. bancrofti in tumor cyst fluids or cerebrospinal fluid has not been reported to date. We report three cases in which microfilariae were identified in the cyst fluid of tumors of the brain. Cyst fluid aspirated from space‐occupying lesions in the thalamus and C6–D1 spinal segments in a 46‐yr‐old man and a 35‐yr‐old man, respectively, showed numerous microfilariae of W. bancrofti, along with fragments of tumor suggestive of glioma. In the third case, in a 12‐yr‐old boy, the fluid from the space‐occupying lesion in the third ventricle showed microfilariae in a necrotic dirty background with a few squames and cholesteral crystals. Histopathologic examination of the tumor showed an anaplastic astrocytoma and a low‐grade astrocytoma in the first two cases, respectively, and a craniopharyngioma in the third case. No microfilariae were identified on the histology sections. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:158–162; DOI 10.1002/dc.10074 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phyllodes tumor of the breast with actin inclusions in stromal cells: Diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Ortega E. , Aranda F.I. , Chuliá M.T. , Niveiro M. , Payá A. , Seguí J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe occurrence of hyaline inclusions in stromal cells in fibroepithelial tumors of the breast is very uncommon. These inclusions, characteristic of infantile digital fibromatosis, are comprised of actin filaments. This report illustrates a case of a benign phyllodes tumor of the breast with inclusion bodies, identified by fine‐needle aspiration. Histologically, many of the stromal cells contained round intracytoplasmic inclusions, with positivity for smooth muscle actin. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2001;25:115–117. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of endogenous ATP in the regulation of pro‐ and antiinflammatory mediator production
Authors: Vizi E. Sylvester , Haskó György , Lendvai Balázs , Sperlágh Beáta 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhile a wealth of data is accumulating on the immunomodulatory role of purine nucleotides and nucleosides, a major challenge has become to understand the factors that govern purine availability and its dynamics at the site of inflammation. It has been shown that ATP is co‐stored with classical transmitters (noradrenaline, acetylcholine, glutamate) in nerve terminals. Furthermore, ATP is co‐released with the classical transmitters in response to chemical and electrical depolarization. Our recent studies showed that ATP could also be released from postsynaptic cells in response to the action of primary transmitters (noradrenaline, acetylcholine, ATP) on their receptors (cascade transmission) (Vizi et al. [1992] Neuroscience 50:455–465; Vizi and Sperlágh [1999] Prog Brain Res 120:159–169). Apart from direct leakage due to cell injury, ATP and its metabolic degradation products, ADP, AMP, and adenosine accumulate extracellularly during episodes of metabolic stress caused by ischemia and inflammation. In addition, we have recently shown (Sperlágh et al. [1998] Neurochem Int 33:209–215) that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is also a powerful stimulus to elicit endogenous ATP release in cultured RAW264.7 macrophages. The P2Z/P2X7 receptor agonist 3′‐O‐(4‐benzoylbenzoyl)‐adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (BzATP, 10–250 μM) and ATP (30–300 μM) increased, in a concentration‐dependent manner, LPS (10 μg/ml)‐induced nitric oxide production in the RAW 264.7 cells. On the other hand, pretreatment with oxidized adenosine triphosphate (oxyATP), a selective P2Z/P2X7 receptor antagonist (300 μM to 1 mM), strongly decreased LPS‐induced nitric oxide production. Furthermore, in macrophages pretreated with oxyATP (300 μM to 1 mM), BzATP and ATP did not affect LPS‐induced nitric oxide production. Finally, our recent data show that ATP and its analogs suppress the production of both TNF‐α and IL‐12 by LPS‐stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages (Haskó et al. [2000] Br J Pharmacol 129:909–914). Because the effect of ATP was prevented by treatment with adenosine deaminase, it can be suggested that the suppressive effect of ATP on cytokine production was due to its degradation products. Taken together, our findings support the view that endogenous ATP released from various sources plays an important role in the regulation of macrophage responsiveness during inflammation. Drug Dev. Res. 53:117–125, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The antecedents and consequences of trust in online-purchase decisions
Authors: Yoon Sung-Joon 
Published: August 2002

The primary research objective of this study rests on presenting and validating a model for the antecedents and consequences of consumer trust in the context of online purchase decision-making by means of simulation and survey methods. For this purpose, the study seeks to validate the correlation and causal relationships among the model's elements involving antecedents to trust (transactional security, web-site properties, search functionality, and personal variables), consequences (purchase intention), and mediating variable (web-site awareness). Based on the findings of a controlled simulation study involving 122 college students, are the following major results: (1) web-site trust showed a significant response to site properties including the image-related variables such as company awareness and company reputation, while satisfaction significantly responded to navigation functionality; (2) personal variables such as familiarity with e-commerce and prior satisfaction with e-commerce were found to have high correlation with web-site satisfaction as well as trust; (3) web-site trust, web-site satisfaction, and web-site awareness all influenced the online-purchase intention, and (4) web-site trust and web-site satisfaction had a high correlation. The findings of this study suggest a new approach to understanding and identifying the antecedents and consequences of web-site trust whose importance is increasing in the study of Internet commerce. Also, the study findings provide the Internet marketers with the managerial implications to establish effective online marketing strategy.
Expression and potential role of angiopoietins and Tie‐2 in early development of the mouse metanephros
Authors: Kolatsi‐Joannou Maria , Li Xiao Z. , Suda Toshio , Yuan Hai T. , Woolf Adrian S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAngiopoietins (Ang) are secreted factors which bind the Tie‐2 receptor and modulate endothelial growth. This signalling system is known to be expressed in later stages of maturation of the mouse metanephros, the adult kidney precursor. In this study, by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Northern and Western blotting, we demonstrated that Ang‐1, Ang‐2, and Tie‐2 were expressed during early metanephrogenesis when interstitial and glomerular capillaries begin to form. By using immunohistochemistry, embryonic kidney capillaries in the interstitium and glomeruli expressed Tie‐2 at a later stage of differentiation compared with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 and platelet‐endothelial cell adhesion molecule. Addition of 200 ng/ml Ang‐1 to explanted embryonic day (E) 12.5 metanephroi increased the proportion of vascular glomeruli that formed during 1 week in culture. These results are consistent with the hypotheses that Tie‐2 has a role in vascular growth in the early stages of mammalian nephrogenesis and that Tie‐2 activation may maintain the integrity of recently formed interstitial and glomerular vessels. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics of dyslexia in a Dutch family
Authors: van der Leij Aryan , de Jong Peter F. , Rijswijk‐Prins Henny 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study investigates the characteristics of 19 members of a Dutch family. Nine of them, recognized as dyslexic in their early years, are compared with six non‐dyslexic members, whereas four form a non‐classified category. From their personal histories, it is clear that the dyslexics had a long and troublesome educational career, while the non‐dyslexics did not. However, probably because the dyslexic members had considerable intellectual resources and talents in mathematics and technical skills, most succeeded in getting degrees of a reasonably high standard and jobs that more or less matched their talents. In cognitive terms, differences in non‐word processing, independent of response mode (reading, spelling, oral repetition), and in speeded word reading suggest stable deficits in phonological processing and in task‐specific automatization. The spelling of words was fairly accurate, possibly because compensatory strategies were used, also indicated by remarks of the dyslexic members. Outside the reading and spelling area, only small and non‐significant differences appeared in tasks tapping verbal short‐term memory, rapid naming and working memory. However, the predicted discrepancy between the conceptual and the sequential factor of the Wechsler intelligence test was shown by most dyslexics. Two of the four non‐classified members of the family, who could not be classified as dyslexic because no early diagnosis was made, but had experienced learning problems at school, showed more or less the same characteristics, but were less successful at school and in society. In the discussion, the use of a family control group in studies with a large age range is recommended. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sertraline in underweight binge eating/purging‐type eating disorders: Five case reports
Authors: Frank Guido K. , Kaye Walter H. , Marcus Marsha D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDiscussionControl trials show that antidepressants are efficacious in eating disorders. Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used in clinical practice, there are relatively few controlled or open trials demonstrating that SSRIs are effective. We report five cases of underweight women with binge eating/purging‐type eating disorders who gained weight and had reduced core eating disorder behaviors in response to sertraline. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 29: 495–498, 20001.
Aspects of food refusal in the elderly: The “hunger strike”
Authors: Duggal Anita , Lawrence Robert M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo present food refusal in old age as a means of attempting to control the outcome of intergenerational family conflicts.MethodTwo cases are described.ResultsFood refusal does not necessarily arise in the context of a classical eating disorder but may represent a form of protest, or hunger strike.DiscussionFood refusal is seen as distinct from a pure anorectic pattern of behavior. It may be a separate psychobehavioral entity in old age. Behavioral methods may help to encourage a resolution by setting clear limits and encouraging patients to share responsibility in decision making. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 213–216, 2001.
Eating disorders and health in elite women distance runners
Authors: Hulley Angela J. , Hill Andrew J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the presence of eating disorder syndromes in elite women distance runners in the United Kingdom and any associated differences in training, dieting, general health, and well‐being.MethodAthletes were selected from the top of their respective ranking lists for all middle and long‐distance races in 1996/1997. All running disciplines were included (track, road, cross‐country, and fell/mountain running). Athletes were sent the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire and a questionnaire on demographics, athletic training, diet, and health. Of the 226 athletes identified, 181 (81%) completed and returned the questionnaires.ResultsTwenty‐nine athletes (16%) had an eating disorder at the time of the study (7 had anorexia nervosa [AN], 2 had bulimia nervosa [BN], and 20 had eating disorders not otherwise specified [EDNOS]) and a further 6 had received previous treatment. Comparing the eating disorder group with the rest of the sample showed no difference in age, height, preferred race distance, or the number of hours/week spent training. However, they had a significantly lower body mass index (BMI), lower self‐esteem, and poorer mental health. Current and past dieting were significantly more common in the eating disorder group.DiscussionThe levels of AN and EDNOS are higher than would be expected in similarly aged, nonathletic women. The demands for leanness rather than exercise intensity appear to be the main risk in these elite runners. The early detection and prevention of eating disorders in women athletes should have high priority. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 312–317, 2001.
Convergence analysis of a stereophonic acoustic echo canceler with preprocessing
Authors: Hirano Akihiro , Nakayama Kenji , Watanabe Kazunobu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe convergence characteristics of a stereophonic echo canceler using preprocessing are analyzed. The convergence of the expectation value of the filter coefficient errors is analyzed and the relationship is found between the characteristics of the preprocessed filter and the convergence properties. The uniqueness of the solution is also analyzed in the frequency domain. From these analyses, the characteristics to be provided in the preprocessed filter are identified. It is shown that the convergence characteristics can be improved by using a quadratic all‐pass filter for preprocessing. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(7): 10–21, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.1103
Devil's advocate versus authentic dissent: stimulating quantity and quality
Authors: Nemeth Charlan , Brown Keith , Rogers John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGiven the relationship between uniformity of views, premature adoption of a preferred solution and poor decision making, many suggestions have been aimed at fostering dissent, including the usage of a ‘devil's advocate.’ The hope is that such a mechanism will stimulate the kinds of reconsideration, better information processing and decision making as has been found to be stimulated by authentic dissent. In a prior study comparing these two processes, devil's advocate appeared to foster thinking that was primarily aimed at cognitive bolstering of the initial viewpoint rather than stimulate divergent thought. While that study left the actual position of the DA unknown, the present study compared conditions where the devil's advocate position was known (and consistent or inconsistent with the assigned position) or unknown. It further utilized quantity and quality of solutions as a dependent measure rather than simply cognitive activity. Results indicated that the authentic minority was superior to all three forms of ‘devil's advocate,’ again underscoring the value and importance of authenticity and the difficulty in cloning such authenticity by role‐playing techniques. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of strong motion distribution in the 1995 Kobe earthquake based on building damage data
Authors: Yamaguchi Naoya , Yamazaki Fumio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe 1995 Kobe earthquake caused unprecedented damage to buildings and civil infrastructures in the city of Kobe and its surrounding areas. In order to evaluate the structural damage in this area due to the earthquake, it is important to estimate the distribution of earthquake ground motion. However, since the number of strong ground motion records is not enough in the heavily damaged areas, it is necessary to estimate the distribution using other data sources. In this paper, the fragility curves for low‐rise residential buildings were constructed using the recorded motions and the building damage data from the intensive field survey by the AIJ and CPIJ group. The fragility curves obtained were then employed to estimate the strong motion distribution in the district level for Kobe and the surrounding areas during the earthquake. The results may be useful to investigate the various damages caused by the earthquake. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface tension and friction coefficients in shallow, laminar overland flows through organic litter
Authors: Dunkerley David 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study investigates the contribution of surface tension forces to friction coefficients in shallow, laminar interrill flows. Friction coefficients in these flows are known to be increased greatly by organic litter and by stems. Fine litter provides extensive edges along which surface tension menisci can be drawn up, and evaluating the significance of this in the frictional retardation of flow was the primary objective of the experiments reported here.Using both standardized ‘litter particles’ (small wooden blocks of fixed dimensions) and natural plant litter, meniscus behaviour and the Darcy–Weisbach friction coefficient were evaluated in shallow flows on a laboratory sand board. For some tests, the surface tension of ordinary water was reduced by 40 per cent by the addition of a surfactant, and the friction coefficient redetermined.Results show that the presence of surface tension menisci flanking litter particles provides areas of deeper flow that are up to 7 mm in width and which can increase flow depths by 100–300 per cent. These zones support significantly higher flow speeds. Increased water depths within menisci are additionally associated with reduced depths beyond the menisci, so that an increase in the spatial variability of flow depths is a second consequence of meniscus formation.These modifications of flow depth by surface tension menisci are shown to reduce rather than increase the overall friction coefficient applicable to the flow. Consequently, additional frictional retardation does not arise within the menisci flanking litter particles and so cannot account for the greater drag arising from litter than from other surface features. Different factors, possibly the direct obstruction of flow paths, must therefore underlie the frictional drag. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lacustrine shore platforms at Lake Waikaremoana, North Island, New Zealand
Authors: Allan Jonathan C. , Stephenson Wayne J. , Kirk Robert M. , Taylor Anna 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper examines the morphology and processes governing the development of shore platforms at Lake Waikaremoana, North Island, New Zealand. Shore platforms at Lake Waikaremoana are recent features, and were formed when a new sequence of shoreline development was initiated, due to lowering of the lake by 5 m in 1946 for hydroelectric power development. Three predominant platform morphologies were identified around the lake. These include gently sloping platforms (c.1·5 to 3·9°), ramp platforms (c.6·8 to 9·2°), and concave ramp platforms (c.7·9 to 12°). Platform widths ranged from 11 to 31 m, with the gently sloping platforms characterized by the widest morphologies. Erosion rates were estimated using perched sandstone boulders and were found to range from 3·4 to 12·5 mm a−1, with a mean erosion rate of 5·9 mm a−1. Higher rates of erosion were identified at lower platform elevations, due to a greater frequency of wetting and drying cycles coincident with storm waves, while lower erosion rates were identified at higher elevations. Field evidence suggests that shore platforms at Lake Waikaremoana were likely initiated and continue to develop as a result of subaerial wetting and drying cycles. Waves, coincident with fluctuating lake levels, play an important role by removing the weathered material from the platforms, and appear to control the width of the platforms. A conceptual model of platform development is presented, and analogies are drawn between this model, and the formation of shore platforms in oceanic environments. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A three‐dimensional vortex particle‐in‐cell method for vortex motions in the vicinity of a wall
Authors: Liu Chung Ho 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new vortex particle‐in‐cell method for the simulation of three‐dimensional unsteady incompressible viscous flow is presented. The projection of the vortex strengths onto the mesh is based on volume interpolation. The convection of vorticity is treated as a Lagrangian move operation but one where the velocity of each particle is interpolated from an Eulerian mesh solution of velocity–Poisson equations. The change in vorticity due to diffusion is also computed on the Eulerian mesh and projected back to the particles. Where diffusive fluxes cause vorticity to enter a cell not already containing any particles new particles are created. The surface vorticity and the cancellation of tangential velocity at the plate are related by the Neumann conditions. The basic framework for implementation of the procedure is also introduced where the solution update comprises a sequence of two fractional steps. The method is applied to a problem where an unsteady boundary layer develops under the impact of a vortex ring and comparison is made with the experimental and numerical literature. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An implicit velocity decoupling procedure for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Kim Kyoungyoun , Baek Seung‐Jin , Sung Hyung Jin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn efficient numerical method to solve the unsteady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations is developed. A fully implicit time advancement is employed to avoid the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy restriction, where the Crank–Nicolson discretization is used for both the diffusion and convection terms. Based on a block LU decomposition, velocity–pressure decoupling is achieved in conjunction with the approximate factorization. The main emphasis is placed on the additional decoupling of the intermediate velocity components with only nth time step velocity. The temporal second‐order accuracy is preserved with the approximate factorization without any modification of boundary conditions. Since the decoupled momentum equations are solved without iteration, the computational time is reduced significantly. The present decoupling method is validated by solving several test cases, in particular, the turbulent minimal channel flow unit. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.