bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grouping of tooth surfaces by susceptibility to caries: a study in 5–16 year-old children
Authors: Batchelor Paul A , Sheiham Aubrey 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Background
The decline in caries has slowed and this may be indicative of variation in the susceptibility of differing teeth to caries. This study tests the hypothesis that in children, there are groups of tooth sites that exhibit differences in caries susceptibility.

Methods
Probit analysis of caries data collected from a 4-year longitudinal study of 20,000 schoolchildren aged between 5 and 16 years in 10 differing locations in the United States.

Results
The development of dental caries within the mouth followed a fixed hierarchy indicating that tooth surfaces show variation in caries susceptibility. Certain teeth and tooth sites have similar susceptibilities and can be grouped, the sizes of the groups vary. The most susceptible group consists of six tooth surfaces: the buccal pits and occlusal fissured surfaces of the first molar teeth. The second group consisted of 12 sites on the second molar and premolar teeth. The group formed by the least susceptible sites included the largest number of tooth surfaces and consists of the majority of the lower anterior teeth and canines.

Conclusion
Variation in the caries susceptibility of tooth surfaces exists. Surfaces can be grouped according to caries susceptibility. An effect that reduces the cariogenic challenge of one of the sites within a group is likely to affect all the other sites within the particular group.
Within you, without you: HIV-1 Rev and RNA export
Authors: Dayton Andrew I 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNucleo-cytoplasmic transport of RNA is one of many cellular pathways whose illumination has progressed hand in hand with understanding of retroviral mechanisms. A recent paper in Cell reports the involvement of an RNA helicase in the pathway by which HIV exports partially spliced and unspliced RNA out of the nucleus. This suggests the ubiquity of RNA helicases in RNA export from the nucleus, and has novel mechanistic implications.
Immunity & Ageing: a new journal looking at ageing from an immunological point of view
Authors: Vasto Sonya , Caruso Calogero 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn the elderly, many alterations of both innate and clonotypic immunity have been described. Alterations to the immune system in the elderly are generally viewed as a deterioration of immunity, leading to the use of the term immunosenescence. However, although many immunological parameters are often notably reduced in the elderly, retained function of both innate and clonotypic immunity in the elderly is tightly correlated to health status. Recognising the important role of the immune system in ageing, over the last few years, journals oriented towards gerontology and geriatric sciences have increasingly published articles dealing with the immunology of ageing, but a specialised journal in this area does not exist. Immunity & Ageing is a new Open Access, peer reviewed journal that aims to cover all the topics dealing with innate and clonotypic immunity which are relevant to ageing. The journal will provide an opportunity to focus on this topic, which is emerging as one of the critical mechanisms of ageing. Furthermore, as an online, Open Access journal, Immunity & Ageing will promote immediate accessibility to research, which is generally not possible for articles published in printed journals. We hope this forum, concentrating on the themes of ageing and immunology with a strong focus on human studies, will create a new perspective for viewing a world that is inevitably becoming older.
Resummed spinning waveforms from five-point amplitudes
Authors: Brandhuber Andreas , Brown Graham R. , Chen Gang , Gowdy Joshua , Travaglini Gabriele 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We compute the classical tree-level five-point amplitude for the two-to-two scattering of spinning celestial objects with the emission of a graviton. Using this five-point amplitude, we then turn to the computation of the leading-order time-domain gravitational waveform. The method we describe is suitable for arbitrary values of classical spin of Kerr black holes and does not require any expansion in powers of the spin. In this paper we illustrate it in the simpler case of the scattering of one Kerr and one Schwarzschild black hole. An important ingredient of our calculation is a novel form of the Compton amplitude with spinning particles including contact terms derived from matching to black-hole perturbation theory calculations. This ensures that our waveform is valid up to at least fourth order in the spin. Our method can be applied immediately to generate improved waveforms once higher-order contact terms in the Compton amplitude become available. Finally, we show the formula for the gravitational memory to all orders in the spin, which is in agreement with our results.
Limits on dark matter annihilation from the shape of radio emission in M31
Authors: Weikert Mitchell J. , Buckley Matthew R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Well-motivated models of dark matter often result in a population of electrons and positrons within galaxies produced through dark matter annihilation — usually in association with gamma rays. As they diffuse through galactic magnetic fields, these e± produce synchrotron radio emission. The intensity and morphology of this signal depends on the properties of the interstellar medium through which the e± propagate. Using observations of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) to construct a model of the gas, magnetic fields, and starlight, we set constraints on dark matter annihilation to $$ b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

using the morphology of 3.6 cm radio emission. As the emission signal at the center of M31 is very sensitive to the diffusion coefficient and dark matter profile, we base our limits on the differential flux in the region between 0.9 – 6.9 kpc from the center. We exclude annihilation cross sections ≳ 3 × 10−25 cm3/s in the mass range 10 – 500 GeV, with a maximum sensitivity of 7 × 10−26 cm3/s at 20 – 40 GeV. Though these limits are weaker than those found in previous studies of M31, they are robust to variations of the diffusion coefficient.
Equivariant Fusion Subcategories
Authors: Galindo César , Jones Corey 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We provide a parameterization of all fusion subcategories of the equivariantization by a group action on a fusion category. As applications, we classify the Hopf subalgebras of a family of semisimple Hopf algebras of Kac-Paljutkin type and recover Naidu-Nikshych-Witherspoon classification of the fusion subcategories of the representation category of a twisted quantum double of a finite group.
Factors Impacting Survival After Transarterial Radioembolization in Patients with Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Combined Analysis of the Prospective CIRT Studies
Authors: Reimer Peter , Vilgrain Valérie , Arnold Dirk , Balli Tugsan , Golfieri Rita , Loffroy Romaric , Mosconi Cristina , Ronot Maxime , Sengel Christian , Schaefer Niklaus , Maleux Geert , Munneke Graham , Peynircioglu Bora , Sangro Bruno , Kaufmann Nathalie , Urdaniz Maria , Pereira Helena , de Jong Niels , Helmberger Thomas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with Yttrium-90 resin microspheres is a treatment option for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). However, optimising the timing of TARE in relation to systemic therapies and patient selection remains challenging. We report here on the effectiveness, safety, and prognostic factors associated with TARE for ICC in a combined analysis of the prospective observational CIRT studies (NCT02305459 and NCT03256994).

Methods
A combined analysis of 174 unresectable ICC patients enrolled between 2015 and 2020 was performed. Patient characteristics and treatment-related data were collected at baseline; adverse events and time-to-event data (overall survival [OS], progression-free survival [PFS] and hepatic PFS) were collected at every follow-up visit. Log-rank tests and a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model were used to identify prognostic factors.

Results
Patients receiving a first-line strategy of TARE in addition to any systemic treatment had a median OS and PFS of 32.5 months and 11.3 months. Patients selected for first-line TARE alone showed a median OS and PFS of 16.2 months and 7.4 months, whereas TARE as 2nd or further treatment-line resulted in a median OS and PFS of 12 and 9.3 months (p = 0.0028), and 5.1 and 3.5 months (p = 0.0012), respectively. Partition model dosimetry was an independent predictor for better OS (HR 0.59 [95% CI 0.37–0.94], p = 0.0259). No extrahepatic disease, no ascites, and < 6.1 months from diagnosis to treatment were independent predictors for longer PFS.

Conclusion
This combined analysis indicates that in unresectable ICC, TARE in combination with any systemic treatment is a promising treatment option.
Level of evidence: level 3, Prospective observational

Graphic Abstract
Cardiovascular Events with the Use of Long-Acting Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists: An Analysis of the FAERS Database 2020–2023
Authors: Matera Maria Gabriella , Calzetta Luigino , Rogliani Paola , Hanania Nicola , Cazzola Mario 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to examine reports of cardiovascular adverse events (CV AEs) observed in the real-world during treatment with aclidinium, tiotropium, glycopyrronium, and umeclidinium alone or in combination with a LABA and, in the context of triple therapy, with the addition of an ICS, and submitted to the food and drug administration adverse event reporting system (FAERS).

Methods
A retrospective disproportionality analysis was conducted utilizing CV AE reports submitted to the FAERS from January 2020 to 30 September 2023. Disproportionality was measured by calculating the reporting odds ratio.

Results
Compared with ipratropium, tiotropium was associated with fewer reports of CV AEs. Compared with tiotropium, other LAMAs were more likely to be associated with reports of CV AEs. Combinations of glycopyrronium with indacaterol or formoterol and umeclidinium with vilanterol significantly reduced reports of CV AEs compared with the respective LAMA. The addition of an ICS to these combinations further reduced the risk of CV AE reports.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that inhaled LAMAs are not free from cardiac AE risks. This risk may be more evident when the newer LAMAs are used, but it is generally significantly reduced when COPD patients are treated with dual bronchodilators or triple therapy. However, these results do not prove that LAMAs cause CV AEs, as FAERS data alone are not indicative of a drug’s safety profile. Given the frequency with which COPD and cardiovascular disease co-exist, a large study in the general population could shed light on this very important issue.
Impact of Temperature on the Performance of Plasma-Pulse Geo-Drilling (PPGD)
Authors: Ezzat Mohamed , Börner Jascha , Kammermann Benedikt , Rossi Edoardo , Adams Benjamin M. , Wittig Volker , Biela Jürgen , Schiegg Hans-Olivier , Vogler Daniel , Saar Martin O. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdvanced Geothermal Systems (AGS) may in principle be able to satisfy the global energy demand using standard continental-crust geothermal temperature gradients of 25–35$$^\circ$$∘C/km. However, conventional mechanical rotary drilling is still too expensive to cost-competitively provide the required borehole depths and lengths for AGS. This highlights the need for a new, cheaper drilling technology, such as Plasma-Pulse Geo-Drilling (PPGD), to improve the economic feasibility of AGS. PPGD is a rather new drilling method and is based on nanoseconds-long, high-voltage pulses to fracture the rock without mechanical abrasion. The absence of mechanical abrasion prolongs the bit lifetime, thereby increasing the penetration rate. Laboratory experiments under ambient-air conditions and comparative analyses (which assume drilling at a depth between 3.5 and 4.5 km) have shown that PPGD may reduce drilling costs by approximately 17–23%, compared to the costs of mechanical drilling, while further research and development are expected to reduce PPGD costs further. However, the performance of the PPGD process under deep wellbore conditions, i.e., at elevated temperatures as well as elevated lithostatic and hydrostatic pressures, has yet to be systematically tested. In this paper, we introduce a standard experiment parameter to examine the impact of deep wellbore conditions on PPGD performance, namely the productivity (the excavated rock volume per pulse) and the specific energy (the amount of energy required to drill a unit volume of rock). We employ these parameters to investigate the effect of temperature on PPGD performance, with temperatures increasing up to 80$$^\circ$$∘C, corresponding to a drilling depth of up to approximately 3 km.
Identification and characterization of endogenous biomarkers for hepatic vectorial transport (OATP1B3-P-gp) function using metabolomics with serum pharmacology
Authors: Jin Yong-wen , Ma Yan-rong , Zhang Ming-kang , Xia Wen-bin , Yuan Pei , Li Bo-xia , Wei Yu-hui , Wu Xin-an 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B3 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) provide efficient directional transport (OATP1B3-P-gp) from the blood to the bile that serves as a key determinant of hepatic disposition of the drug. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of effective means to evaluate the disposal ability mediated by transporters. The present study was designed to identify a suitable endogenous biomarker for the assessment of OATP1B3-P-gp function in the liver. We established stably transfected HEK293T-OATP1B3 and HEK293T-P-gp cell lines. Results showed that azelaic acid (AzA) was an endogenous substrate for OATP1B3 and P-gp using serum pharmacology combined with metabolomics. There is a good correlation between the serum concentration of AzA and probe drugs of rOATP1B3 and rP-gp when rats were treated with their inhibitors. Importantly, after 5-fluorouracil-induced rat liver injury, the relative mRNA level and expression of rOATP1B3 and rP-gp were markedly down-regulated in the liver, and the serum concentration of AzA was significantly increased. These observations suggest that AzA is an endogenous substrate of both OATP1B3 and P-gp, and may serve as a potential endogenous biomarker for the assessment of the function of OATP1B3-P-gp for the prediction of changes in the pharmacokinetics of drugs transported by OATP1B3-P-gp in liver disease states.
The Structure of Aisles and Co-aisles of t-Structures and Co-t-structures
Authors: Tattar Aran 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRight triangulated categories can be thought of as triangulated categories whose shift functor is not an equivalence. We give intrinsic characterisations of when such categories are appearing as the (co-)aisle of a (co-)t-structure in an associated triangulated category. Along the way, we also give an interpretation of these structures in the language of extriangulated categories.
Power distance orientation alleviates the beneficial effects of empowering leadership on actors’ work engagement via negative affect and sleep quality
Authors: Kwan Ho Kwong , Chen Yang , Tang Guiyao , Zhang Xiaomeng , Le Jiaqi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough many studies have explored the benefits of empowering leadership for followers, the beneficial effect of such behavior for actors who demonstrate empowering leadership has been overlooked. Applying conservation of resources theory, we propose and test a model that determines why and when empowering leadership benefits actors. We use an experience sampling survey to examine the effect of empowering leadership on actors’ daily work engagement. In particular, we focus on the moderating role of power distance orientation and the mediating roles of negative affect and sleep quality, which operate sequentially. The results based on responses from 160 supervisors in two Chinese organizations indicated that empowering leadership in the morning was negatively related to negative affect in the afternoon and positively related to sleep quality at night and next-day work engagement. The strength of this beneficial effect was moderated by power distance orientation, such that supervisors with a high degree of power distance orientation obtained fewer benefits from empowering leadership than those with a low degree of power distance orientation. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings for the leadership, affect, sleep, power distance, and conservation of resources literatures are discussed.
Clusterin: a marker and mediator of chemoresistance in colorectal cancer
Authors: Hlavca Sara , Chan Wing Hei , Engel Rebekah M. , Abud Helen E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntra-tumoural heterogeneity and cancer cell plasticity in colorectal cancer (CRC) have been key challenges to effective treatment for patients. It has been suggested that a subpopulation of LGR5-expressing cancer stem cells (CSCs) is responsible for driving tumour relapse and therapy resistance in CRC. However, studies have revealed that the LGR5+ve CSC population is highly sensitive to chemotherapy. It has been hypothesised that another subset of tumour cells can phenotypically revert to a stem-like state in response to chemotherapy treatment which replenishes the LGR5+ve CSC population and maintains tumour growth. Recently, a unique stem cell population marked by enriched clusterin (CLU) expression and termed the revival stem cell (RevSC) was identified in the regenerating murine intestine. This CLU-expressing cell population is quiescent during homeostasis but has the ability to survive and regenerate other stem cells upon injury. More recently, the CLU+ve signature has been implicated in several adverse outcomes in CRC, including chemotherapy resistance and poor patient survival; however, the mechanism behind this remains undetermined. In this review, we discuss recent insights on CLU in CRC and its roles in enhancing the plasticity of cells and further consider the implications of CLU as a prospective target for therapeutic intervention.
Deciphering the heterogeneity of neutrophil cells within circulation and the lung cancer microenvironment pre- and post-operation
Authors: Liu Fangming , Liu Xuanqi , Liu Yifei , Chen Dongsheng , Liu Xiaoxia , Qin Chuan , Song Yuanlin , Fang Hao , Wu Duojiao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNeutrophils play a crucial role in the immune system within tumor microenvironment. At present, numerous studies have explored the changes of neutrophils’ automatic killing effect and cellular communication with other immune cells under pathological conditions through single-cell sequencing. However, there remains a lack of definite conclusion about the identification criteria of neutrophil subgroups. Here, we collected tumor and para-carcinoma tissues, pre- and postoperative blood from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and performed single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing to evaluate the distribution of neutrophil subgroups. We have developed a computational method of over expression rate (OER) to evaluate the specificity of neutrophil subgroups, in order to target gene panels with potential clinical application value. In addition, OER was used to evaluate specificity of neutrophil subsets in healthy people and patients with various diseases to further validate the feasibility of this evaluation system. As a result, we found the specificity of Neu_ c1_ IL1B and Neu_ c2_ cxcr4 (low) in postoperative blood has increased, while that of IL-7R + neutrophils has decreased, indicating that these groups of cells possibly differentiated or migrated to other subgroups in the state of lung cancer. In addition, seven gene panels (Neu_c3_CST7, RSAD2_Neu, S100A2/Pabpc1_Neu, ISG15/Ifit3_Neu, CD74_Neu, PTGS2/Actg1_Neu, SPP1_Neu) were high specific in all the four NSCLC-associated samples, meaning that changes in the percentage of these cell populations would have a high degree of confidence in assessing changes of disease status. In conclusion, combined consideration of the distribution characteristics of neutrophil subgroups could help evaluate the diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC.
Graphical abstract
• An evaluation system based on OER was developed to assess the specificity of neutrophil subgroups
• Specificity of Neu_ c1_ IL1B, Neu_ c2_ cxcr4 (low) and IL-7R + neutrophils changed significantly between preoperative and postoperative blood
• 7 gene panels were high specific in all the four NSCLC-associated samples, meaning a high degree of confidence in assessing changes of these subgroups in various disease status
Revealing the structural behaviour of Brunelleschi’s Dome with machine learning techniques
Authors: Masini Stefano , Bacci Silvia , Cipollini Fabrizio , Bertaccini Bruno 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Brunelleschi’s Dome is one of the most iconic symbols of the Renaissance and is among the largest masonry domes ever constructed. Since the late 17th century, first masonry cracks appeared on the Dome, giving the start to a monitoring activity. In modern times, since 1988 a monitoring system comprised of 166 electronic sensors, including deformometers and thermometers, has been in operation, providing a valuable source of real-time data on the monument’s health status. With the deformometers taking measurements at least four times per day, a vast amount of data is now available to explore the potential of the latest Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning techniques in the field of historical-architectural heritage conservation. The objective of this contribution is twofold. Firstly, for the first time ever, we aim to unveil the overall structural behaviour of the Dome as a whole, as well as that of its specific sections (known as webs). We achieve this by evaluating the effectiveness of certain dimensionality reduction techniques on the extensive daily detections generated by the monitoring system, while also accounting for fluctuations in temperature over time. Secondly, we estimate a number of recurrent and convolutional neural network models to verify their capability for medium- and long-term prediction of the structural evolution of the Dome. We believe this contribution is an important step forward in the protection and preservation of historical buildings, showing the utility of machine learning in a context in which these are still little used.
The role of education in innovation–migration nexus in Europe
Authors: Aldieri L. , Autiero G. , Nese A. , Vinci C. P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUsing panel data between 2012 and 2020, this research examines the relationship between the flows of low-skilled immigrants and innovation in the EU-15 group of nations and Switzerland. The empirical component is generated from a theoretical model that we construct. After addressing the potential endogeneity of the share of immigrants in the population, we find that regions with a relatively high immigrant population have a favorable impact on the generation of patent applications, whereas low-skilled immigrants have the reverse effects on innovation. Hence, the results are in line with the proposition in the theoretical section that lower-educated immigrants determine social decreasing returns in the economy.