bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Synthesis of Potent Macrocyclic Benzolactam Growth Hormone Secretagogues
Authors: De Vita Robert J. , Frontier Alison J. , Schoen William R. , Wyvratt Matthew J. , Fisher Michael H. , Cheng Kang , Chan Wanda W.‐S. , Butler Bridget S. , Smith Roy G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe synthesis of a variety of potent macrocyclic growth hormone secretagogues, i.e. 5, 9, 12, and 20–22, based on the known lead structure L‐692,429 (1) is described. These conformationally constrained growth hormone secretagogues were prepared by joining the two essential pharmacophores, the amino‐acid side chain at the 1H‐1‐benzazepine moiety and the 1,1′‐biphenyl moiety with a variety of linkers. The most potent analog was found to be L‐744,080 (21), a derivative in which a 2′‐carboxamide moiety at 1,1‐biphenyl is N,O‐joined to the OH group of the (2‐hydroxypropyl)amino‐acid side chain by a C4 ester linker. This potent analog may be useful in determining the bound conformation of the benzolactam class of growth hormone secretagogues at the newly identified GHS receptor, L‐744,080 (21) with an ED50 of 20 nM was up to fifty times more potent than the seco‐acid precursor and 3‐fold more potent than the parent 2′‐tetrazole compound L‐692, 429 (1).
Cyclic Heptapeptides Axinastatin 2, 3, and 4: Conformational analysis and evaluation of the biological potential
Authors: Mechnich Oliver , Messier Gerhard , Kessler Horst , Bernd Michael , Kutscher Bernhard 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe conformational analysis of naturally occurring cytostatic cyclic heptapeptides axinastatin 2, 3, and 4 was carried out by two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy in combination with distance‐geometry (DG) and molecular‐dynamics (MD) calculations in explicit solvents. The synthesized secondary metabolites were examined in (D6)DMSO. Axinastatin 2 was also investigated in CD3OH. In all structures, Pro2 is in the i + 1 position of a βI turn and Pro6 occupies the i + 2 position of a βVIa turn about the cis amide bond between residue 5 and Pro6. In all peptides, a bifurcated H‐bond occurs between residue 4 CO and the amide protons of residue 1 and 7. For axinastatin 2 and 3, an Asn Ig turn was found about Asn1 and Pro2. We compared these structures with conformations of cyclic heptapeptides obtained by X‐ray and NMR studies. A β‐bulge motif with two β turns and one bifurcated H‐bond is found as the dominating backbone conformation of cyclic all‐L‐heptapeptides. Axinastatin 2, 3, and 4 can be characterized by six trans and one cis amide bond resulting in a β/βVI(a)‐turn motif, a conformation found for many cyclic heptapeptides. Detailed biological tests of the synthetic compounds in different human cancer cell lines indicates these axinastatins to be inactive or of low activity.
Novel Heterospirocyclic 3‐Amino‐2H‐azirines as Synthons for Heterocyclic α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Strässler Christoph , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe heterospirocyclic N‐methyl‐N‐phenyl‐2H‐azirin‐3‐amines (3‐(N‐methyl‐N‐phenylamino)‐2H‐azirines) 1a‐d with a tetrahydro‐2H‐thiopyran, tetrahydro‐2H‐thiopyran, and a N‐protected piperidine ring, respectively, were synthesized from the corresponding heterocyclic 4‐carboxamides 2 by consecutive treatment with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), diphenyl phosphorochloridate (DPPCI), and sodium azide (Scheme 4). The reaction of these aminoazirines with thiobenzoic acid in CH2Cl2 at room temperature gave the thiocarbamoyl‐substituted benzamides 13a‐d in high yield. The azirines 1a‐d were used as synthons for heterocyclic α‐amino acids in the preparation of tripeptides of the type Z‐Aib‐Xaa‐Aib‐N(Ph)Me (18) by following the protocol of the ‘azirine/oxazolone method’: treatment of Z‐Aib with 1 to give the dipeptide amide 15, followed by selective hydrolysis to the corresponding acid 16 and coupling with the 2,2‐dimethyl‐2H‐azirin‐3‐amine 17 gave 18, again in high yield (Scheme 5). With some selected examples of 18, the selective deprotection of the amino and the carboxy group, respectively, was demonstrated (Scheme 6). The solid‐state conformations of the protected tripeptides 18a‐d, as well as that of the corresponding carbocyclic analogue 18e, were determined by X‐ray crystallography (Figs. 1‐3 and Tables 1‐3). All five tripeptides adopt a β‐turn conformation of type III or III′. The solvent dependence of the chemical shifts of the NH resonances (Fig. 6) suggests that there is an intramolecular H‐bond between H‐N(4) and O(11) in all cases, which is an indication that a relatively rigid β‐turn structure also persists in solution. Surprisingly, the tripeptide acid 20a shows no intramolecular H‐bond in the crystalline state (Fig. 7); O(11) is involved in an intermolecular H‐bond with the OH group of the carboxy function.
Syntheses and Chiroptical Properties of the 13‐membered spermidine alkaloids (−)‐(S)‐celacinnine, (0)‐(S)‐celabenzine, (−)‐(S)‐celafurine, and (+)‐(S)‐viburnine
Authors: Kuehne Paul , Guggisberg Armin , Hesse Manfred 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe title alkaloids were prepared from the common chiral precursor (−)‐(2S)‐2‐phenyl‐1, 5, 9‐triazacy‐clotridecan‐4‐one (4) which we had synthesized earlier. The spectral data for the spermidine macrocycles are in good agreement with the data reported for the isolated samples. Our experimental results indicate that the originally reported [α]D value of −2.6 (c = 0.10, MeOH) for natural (S)‐viburnine is erroneous and should be + 17.0 (c = 0.92, MeOH). As a result of the chiroptical study conducted, it can be shown empirically that all alkaloids of the ‘celacinnine’ type have the (S)‐configuration.
Nucleotides. Part LIV. Synthesis of condensed N1‐(2′‐deoxy‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)lumazines, New fluorescent building blocks in oligonucleotide synthesis
Authors: Rosler Angelika , Pfleiderer Wolfgang 
Published: December 2004

AbstractVarious condensed areno[g]lumazine derivatives 2, 3, and 5–7 were synthesized as new fluorescent aglycones for glycosylation reactions with 2‐deoxy‐3, 5‐di‐O‐(p‐toluoyl)‐α/β‐D‐erythro‐pentofuranosyl chloride (10) to form, in a Hilbert‐Johnson‐Birkofer reaction, the corresponding N1‐(2′‐deoxyribonucleosides) 15–21. The β‐D‐anomers 15, 17, 19, and 21 were deblocked to 24–27 and, together with N1‐(2′‐deoxy‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)lumazine (22) and its 6, 7‐diphenyl derivative 23, dimethoxytritylated in 5′‐position to 28–33. These intermediates were then converted into the 3′‐(2‐cyanoethyI diisopropylphosphoramidites) 34–39 which function as monomeric building block in oligonucleotide syntheses as well as into the 3′‐(hydrogen succinates) 40–45 which can be used for coupling with the solid‐support material. A series of lumazine‐modified oligonucleotides were synthesized and the influence of the new nucleobases on the stability of duplex formation studied by measuring the Tm values in comparison to model sequences. A substantial increase in the Tm is observed on introduction of areno[g]lumazine moieties in the oligonucleotide chain stabilizing obviously the helical structures by improved stacking effects. Stabilization is strongly dependent on the site of the modified nucleobase in the chain.
Glycosylidene Carbenes. Part 24 Reactivity modulation by protecting groups of the addition of glycosylidene carbenes to electron‐rich alkenes
Authors: Waldraff Christian , Bernet Bruno , Vasella Andrea 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe reactivity of glycosylidene carbenes derived from pivaloylated vs. benzylated diazirines 1 and 2 towards enol ethers have been examined. The pivaloylated 1 led to higher yields of spirocyclopropanes than the benzylated 2. Among the enol ethers tested, dihydrofuran 6 proved most reactive, yielding 71–72% of the spiro‐linked tetrahydrofuran 7, while the benzylated diazirine 2 afforded only 33% of the analogue 8 (Scheme 1 ). Other enol ethers proved much less reactive. The addition of 1 and 2 to the dihydropyran 10 and the 2, 3‐dihydro‐5‐methyl‐furan 15 gave low yields of single cyclopropanes (→ 12, 14, and16), and the glycals 17 and 18, and (E)‐1‐methoxy‐oct‐1‐ene (23) did not react. The main products of these reactions were the azines (Z, Z)‐ 11 and (Z, Z)/( E, E)‐13. Similarly, 1 and 2 reacted poorly with (Z)‐1‐methoxyoct‐1‐ene (24), leading to cyclopropanes 25/26/27 and 28/29/30/31 (Scheme 2). Main products were again the azines (Z, Z)‐11 and (Z, Z)/(E, E)‐13. The structure of 70 and 25 was established by X‐ray analysis (Figs. 1 and 2). The mechanism of addition of glycosylidene carbenes to enol ethers is discussed, AMI Calculations indicate that the LUMOcarbene/HOMOalkoxyalkene interaction is dominant at the beginning of the reaction, while the transition states are characterized by a dominant interaction of the doubly occupied, sp2‐hybridized orbital of the carbene with the LUMO of the enol ether. The relative reactivity of the carbenes towards either the enol ethers or the diazirines determine type and yields of the products.
Control of regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivity in the [Ti(OTs)2(TADDOLato)]‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction between 3‐acryloyloxazolidin‐2‐one and nitrones
Authors: Jensen Kim B. , Gothelf Kurt V. , Jørgensen Karl Anker 
Published: December 2004

AbstractCatalytic control of regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivity in the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of 3‐acryl‐oyloxazolidin‐2‐one (4) with different nitrones 2 by the application of a [TiX2(TADDOLato)] complex as the catalyst was developed (TADDOL = α,α,α′,α′‐tetraaryl‐1,3‐dioxolane‐4,5‐dimethanol). In the absence of a catalyst, the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of 4 with 2 proceeded to give a mixture of regioisomers, whereas, in the presence of a catalyst, the regioselectivity of the reaction could be controlled. Three asymmetric [TiX2(TADDOLato)] catalysts were tested, and it was found that use of the [Ti(OTs)2(TADDOLato)] complex gave complete regioselectivity, high ‘endo’‐selectivities (> 90% d.e.), and enantioselectivities corresponding to 48–70% e.e.
Preparation of ortho‐aryl‐benzaldehyde derivatives via free‐radical ipso‐substitution of an amidomethyl group
Authors: Giraud Luc , Lacǒte Emmanuel , Renaud Philippe 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPreparation of 2‐biarylcarbaldehydes using an intramolecular free‐radical ispo‐substitution is described. The two aryl moieties to be coupled are pre‐associated using a glycolamide derivative. An unusual amidomethyl leaving group was successfully employed in this process.
Oligosaccharide analogues of polysaccharides. Part 14:. Carbocyclic cyclodextrin analogues. Synthesis of all trimeric and tetrameric isomers by homo‐ and heterocoupling of 1,4‐cis‐diethynylated 1,5‐anhydroglucitols
Authors: Bürli Roland , Vasella Andrea 
Published: December 2004

AbstractHetero‐ or homocoupling of protected 1,4‐cis‐diethynylated 1,5‐anhydroglucitols leads to two isomeric cyclotrimers and to four isomeric cyclotetramers. The C3‐symmetric cyciotrimer 31, the C4‐symmetric cyclotetramer 35, and the D2‐symmetric cyclotetramer 6 have been prepared before. We have now synthesized the C1‐symmetric cyciotrimer 13, and the C1‐ and the C2‐symmetric cyclotetramers 22 and 27, respectively. The cyclotrimer 13 was prepared by intramolecular, oxidative homocoupling and, alternatively, by a one‐pot trimerization/cyclization of the monomer 36 (Schemes 1 and 5, resp.). Oxidative homocoupling was used for the cyclization of the tetramers 19 and 25, leading to 22 and 27. The tetramer 19 was made by sequential Cadiot‐Chod‐kiewicz coupling (Scheme 2)and the tetramer 25 by a combination of a Cadiot‐Chodkiewicz reaction and an intermolecular, oxidalive homocoupling (Scheme 3). The acetates 34 and 38, corresponding to 35 and 27, respectively, were also made by a one‐pot dimerization/cyclization of the dimer 37 (Scheme 5). Intramolecular oxidative heterocoupling is also feasible and results in an alternative, more convenient synthesis of the acetylated cyclotrimer 30 and the acetylated cyclotetramer 34 (corresponding to 31 and 35, resp.; Scheme 4). The solid‐state conformation of the C4‐symmetric cyclotetramer 34 corresponds well to the one predicted by force‐field calculations. We compared the water‐solubilities of the cyclotrimers 13 and 31 and the tetramers 6, 22, 27, and 35, their calculated conformations (MM3*), and the D‐adenosine binding properties of the cyclotetramers 6, 27, and 35.
An Efficient Synthesis of Enantiomeric Ribonucleic Acids from D‐Glucose
Authors: Pitsch Stefan 
Published: December 2004

AbstractEnantiomeric oligoribonucleotides (= ent‐RNA) up to a sequence length of thirty‐five and consisting of the (L‐configurated) nucleosides ent‐adenosine, ent‐guanosine, ent‐cytidine, ent‐uridine, and 1‐(β‐L‐ribofuranosyl)thymine were prepared by automated synthesis from appropriate building blocks, carrying a known photo‐labile 2′‐O‐protecting group. A simple large‐scale synthesis of the new, prefunctionalized L‐ribose derivative 5 from D‐glucose (Scheme 1) and its straightforward conversion into the five phosphoramidites 28–32 and five solid supports 38–42, respectively, were elaborated (Scheme 4). Within this project, a novel, superior strategy for the synthesis of the 2′‐O‐{[(2‐nitrobenzyl)oxy]methyl}‐substituted key intermediates 18–22 by regioselective alkylation of their 5′‐O‐dimethoxytritylated precursors 13–17 was developed. Furthermore, an improved set‐up for the final light‐induced cleavage of the 2′‐O‐protecting groups from the oligonucleotide sequences was designed (Scheme 5 and Fig. 1). The correct composition of all ent‐oligoribonucleotides prepared was established by their MALDI‐TOF mass spectra. The 1H‐NMR‐spectroscopic data of a dodecameric ent‐RNA sequence was in excellent agreement with the published data of its natural counterpart, synthesized by conventional methods. The known specific cleavage of a tetradecamer sequence by a 35mer ribozyme structure could be reproduced by ent‐oligoribonucleotides, synthesized by the presented methods (Fig. 4).
Metal Complexes with Macrocyclic Ligands. Part XLVI. Synthesis and structures of dinuclear metal complexes of bis‐macrocycles having a pyrazole bridging unit
Authors: Weller Harald , Siegfried Liselotte , Neuburger Markus , Zehnder Margareta , Kaden Thomas A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThree bis‐macrocyclic ligands consisting of two N3‐, N2S‐, or NS2‐cyclononane rings, i.e., of two octahydro‐1H‐1,4,7‐triazonine, octahydro‐1,4,7‐thiadiazonine, or hexahydro‐5H‐1,4‐7‐dithiazonine rings, connected by a 1H‐pyrazolediyl unit were prepared. They form dinuclear CuII and NiII complexes which are able to bind one additional exogenous bridging molecule such as Cl−, Br−, N, SO, and 1H‐pyrazol‐1‐ide. The structures determined by X‐ray diffraction show that each Cu2+ is coordinated by the three donor atoms of the macrocyclic ring, by a pyrazolidodiyl N‐atom, by an atom of the exogenous bridging ligand, and sometimes by a solvent molecule. In the majority of the Cu2+ cases, the metal ion exhibits square‐pyramidal or trigonal‐bipyramidal coordination geometry, except in the sulfato‐bridged complex, in which one Cu2+ is hexacoordinated with the participation of a water molecule. The X‐ray structure of the azide‐bridged dinuclear Ni2+ complex was also solved and shows that both Ni2+ centres have octahedral coordination geometries. In all complexes, the 1H‐pyrazolediyl group connecting the macrocycles is deprotonated and bridges the two metal centres, which, depending on the exogenous ligand, have distances between 3.6 and 4.5 Å. In the dinuclear Cu2+ complexes, antiferromagnetic coupling is present. The azido‐bridged complex shows a very strong interaction with −2J ≥ 1040 cm−1; in contrast, the H‐pyrazol‐1‐ide and chloride bridged species have −2J values of 300 and 272cm−1, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry of the Cu2+ complexes in MeCN reveals a strong dependence of the potentials CuII/Cu‐II → CuII/CuI → CuI/CuI on the nature of the donor atoms of the macrocycle as well as on the type of bridging molecule. The more S‐donors are present in the macrocycle, the higher is the potential, indicating a stabilization of the Cu1 oxidation state.
The Diastereoselective Formation of 1,2,4‐Trioxanes and 1,3‐Dioxolanes by the reaction of endoperoxides with chiral cyclohexanones
Authors: Jefford Charles W. , Jin Shu‐Juan , Bernardinelli Gérald 
Published: December 2004

Abstract1,4‐Diphenyl‐2,3‐dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐ene (2), on treatment with a catalytic amount of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (Me3SiOTf) in CH2Cl2 at −78°, reacts with excess (−)‐menthone (10) to give (1S,2S,4′aS,5R,7′aS)‐4′a,7′a‐dihydro‐2‐isopropyl‐5‐methyl‐6′,7′‐diphenylspiro[cyclohexane‐1,3′‐[7′H]cyclopenta‐[1,2,4]trioxine] (11) and its (1R,2S,4′aR,5R,7′aR)‐diastereoisomer 12 in a 1:1 ratio and in 21% yield. Repeating the reaction with 1.1 equiv. of Me3SiOTf with respect to 2 affords 11, 12, and (1S,2S,3′a.R,5R,6′aS)‐3′a,6′a‐dihydro‐2‐isopropyl‐5‐methyl‐3′a‐phenoxy‐5′‐phenylspiro[cyclohexane‐l,2′‐[4′H]cyclopenta[1,3]dioxole] (13) together with its(1R,2S,3′aS,5R,6′aR)‐diastereoisomer 14 in a ratio of 3:3:3:1 and in 56% yield. (+)‐Nopinone(15) in excess reacts with 2 in the presence of 1.1 equiv. of Me3SiOTf to give a pair of 1,2,4‐trioxanes (16 and 17) analogous to 11 and 12, and a pair of 1,3‐dioxolanes (18 and 19) analogous to 13 and 14, in a ratio of 8:2:3:3 and in 85% yield. (−)‐Carvone and racemic 2‐(tert‐butyl)cyclohexanone under the same conditions behave like 15 and deliver pairs of diastereoisomeric trioxanes and dioxolanes. In general, catalytic amounts of Me3SiOTf give rise to trioxanes, whereas 1.5 equiv. overwhelmingly engender dioxolanes. Adamantan‐2‐one combines with 2 giving only (4′aRS,7′aRS)‐4′a,7′a‐dihydro‐6′.7′a‐diphenylspiro[adamantane‐2,3′‐[7′H]cyclopenta[1,2,4]trioxine] in 98% yield regardless of the amount of Me3SiOTf used. The reaction of 1,4‐dipheny 1‐2,3‐dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐5‐ene (32) with 10 and 1.1 equiv. of Me3SiOTf produces only the pair of trioxanes 33 and 34 homologous to 11 and 12. Treatment of the (S,S)‐diastereoisomer 33 with Zn and AcOH furnishes (1S,2S)‐1,4‐diphenylcyclohex‐3‐ene‐1,2‐diol. The crystal structures of 11–13 and 16 are obtained by X‐ray analysis. The reaction courses of 10 and the other chiral cyclohexanones with prochiral endoperoxides 2 and 32 to give trioxanes are rationalized in terms of the respective enantiomeric silylperoxy cations which are completely differentiated by the si and re faces of the ketone function. The origin of the 1,3‐dioxolanes is ascribed to 1,2 rearrangement of the corresponding trioxanes, which occurs with retention of configuration of the angular substituent.
Stereoselective Reactions of Phthalimido‐Substituted Radicals Derived from (±)‐Threonine: A comparison with reactions of N‐phthaloyliminium ions
Authors: Stojanovic Aleksandar , Renaud Philippe , Schenk Kurt 
Published: December 2004

AbstractStereoselective reactions of phthalimido‐substituted radicals derived from (±)‐threonine with different radical traps are reported (Scheme 3, Table 1). A strong influence of the nature of the radical trap on the stereoselectivity was noticed. Small nucleophilic radical traps gave preferentially the syn products. The observed selectivities are explained with the A1,3 strain model and depend on steric and electronic effects (Fig. 2). Reactions with electrophilic radical traps such as diphenyl diselenide gave the anti diastereoisomers with moderate stereocontrol, presumably due to stereoelectronic effects. The same stereochemical outcome, i.e., preferential formation of the anti products, was observed for the reactions of the related N‐phthaloyliminium ion (Scheme 5, Table 2). The stereochemistry of the ionic reaction is rationalized by a Felkin‐Anh model (Fig. 3).
An Unusual Acyliminium Cyclization and Other Drawbacks during an Attempted Synthesis of a Chiral Primary α‐Phosphinoalkanamine
Authors: Christoffers Jens 
Published: December 2004

AbstractStudies towards the synthesis of a chiral primary α‐phosphinoalkanamine 1a are reported. O‐Activated. N‐carbamate‐protected phenylalaninol 3a did not undergo SN reaction with KPPh2: instead, after N‐deprotonation, intramolecular substitution led to formation of the aziridine derivative 5a (Scheme 2). N‐Phthalimido‐protected, O‐activated phenylalaninol 3b also underwent an intramolecular process on treatment with KPPh2, i.e., an unusual aryl‐acyliminium cyclization furnishing the (epoxymethano)isoindolo[1,2‐a]isoquinolinone 7 (Scheme 3). In a reaction with KPPh2, the N,N‐dibenzyl‐protected and activated phenylalaninol 3d finally yielded the intermolecular SN reaction product 2a (Scheme 4). However, debenzylation by catalytic hydrogenation turned out to be impossible.
Synthesis and Some Transformations of 2‐Acetamido‐5‐amino‐3,4,6‐tri‐O‐benzyl‐2,5‐dideoxy‐D‐glucono‐1,5‐lactam
Authors: Granier Thierry , Vasella Andrea 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe lactam 21 was obtained in an overall yield of 72% from the hydroxy amide 16 by oxidation with the Dess‐Martin periodinane, acid‐catalysed isomerization of the oxidation products in toluene, whereupon 18/19 precipitated, and reductive dehydroxylation of 18/19 (Et3SiH/BF3 · OEt2; Scheme 1). The amide 16 was obtained by ammonolysis of the N‐acetylglucosamine‐derived lactone 15. Depending on the oxidation method, 16 yielded the keto amide 17, the hydroxy lactams 18/19, and the pyrrolidinecarboxamide 20 in widely different proportions. The pyrrolidinecarboxamide 20 was not reduced under the conditions of the reductive dehydroxylation. Hydrogenolysis of the benzyl‐protected lactam 21 gave the trihydroxy lactam 22, while reduction with NaBH4/BF3 · OEt2 led to the 2‐acetamidopiperidine derivative 24 (Scheme 2). Selective (tert‐butoxy)carbonylation of the lactam 21 (→ 25) followed by NaBH4 reduction and acid‐catalysed solvolysis in EtOH led to the α‐ethoxycarbamates 28/29. Similarly, (tert‐butoxy) carbonylation of 1 (→ 31) followed by reduction to 32/33 and glycosidation yielded the ethoxycarbamate 34. Treatment of the GlcNAc‐derived ethyl glycosides 28/29 with Me3SiCN/BF3 · OEt2 gave the equatorial amino nitrile 30. Under similar conditions, the Glc‐derived glycoside 34 led to the iminooxazolidinone 35. In the presence of a larger proportion of Me3SiCN at 5°, 34 was transformed into the axial, selectively monodebenzylated amino nitrile 36.
Heterosupramolecular Chemistry: Synthetic strategies for the covalent and noncovalent assembly and organization of nanocrystals and molecules
Authors: Rao S. Nagarajo , Fitzmaurice Donald 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDescribed are the preparation of nanocrystals and the synthesis of molecules that may be covalently or noncovalently assembled in solution to yield heterosupermolecules possessing a well‐defined heterosupramolecular function. Also described are preparative and synthetic methods that yield organized assemblies of heterosupermolecules possessing an addressable heterosupramolecular function. Finally, the development of these synthetic strategies to permit the covalent and noncovalent assembly and organization of a wide range of condensed phase and molecular components is outlined.