bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of osteoprotegerin and RANKL by megakaryocytes is modulated by oestrogen
Authors: Bord S. , Frith E. , Ireland D. C. , Scott M. A. , Craig J. I. O. , Compston J. E. 
Published: July 2004

SummaryTo investigate the mechanisms by which megakaryocytes (MKs) may influence bone remodelling, CD34+ cells were cultured for 6, 9 and 12 d with or without 17β‐oestradiol (E) and immunolocalized for osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB ligand (RANKL) and CD61. Specific protein expression was measured quantitatively by image analysis. Fluorescence‐based immunocytochemistry was used to co‐localize OPG and RANKL with CD61. OPG and RANKL mRNA was assessed in CD61+ cells with or without E at 24 and 48 h. At 6 d, OPG and RANKL expression was unchanged by E treatment. At 9 d, the E‐treated cultures with maturing MKs showed a 1·72‐fold (P < 0·01) increase in OPG expression and a 1·8‐fold (P < 0·01) reduction in RANKL. Maximal OPG expression was seen at 12 d with a threefold induction of expression (P < 0·001), whilst RANKL levels were further suppressed by 2·3‐fold compared with controls (P < 0·001). CD61 co‐localized with OPG and RANKL. mRNA data were consistent with that of protein, with a 90‐fold induction in OPG expression and a 34‐fold suppression of RANKL expression by E (P < 0·001). Thus, E stimulates megakaryocytopoiesis and modulates OPG and RANKL expression, providing evidence that MKs may play a role in bone remodelling and, in particular, in E‐induced changes in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption.
Neutrophil CD177 (NB1 gp, HNA‐2a) expression is increased in severe bacterial infections and polycythaemia vera
Authors: Göhring K. , Wolff J. , Doppl W. , Schmidt K. L. , Fenchel K. , Pralle H. , Sibelius U. , Bux J. 
Published: July 2004

SummaryThe NB1 glycoprotein (CD177, HNA‐2a antigen) is exclusively expressed on human neutrophils. As the clinical significance of CD177 expression is unknown, we investigated its expression in healthy individuals before and after stimulation with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, viral hepatitis, severe bacterial infections and polycythaemia vera. Expression was quantitatively determined by flow cytometry and by real time polymerase chain reaction. Only G‐CSF‐stimulated individuals and patients with severe bacterial infections and polycythaemia showed a significantly (P < 0·001) increased CD177 expression compared with healthy individuals, indicating that neutrophil CD177 expression can increase significantly in certain clinical conditions.
6,7‐Dihydroxy‐3‐phenylcoumarin inhibits thromboplastin induced disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Tunali Tugba , Yarat Aysen , Bulut Mustafa , Emekli Nesrin 
Published: July 2004

Summary6,7‐Dihydroxy‐3‐phenylcoumarin (DHPC) was tested to determine whether it had any effect on vitamin K inhibition, by investigating the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen level and platelet count. The anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects of DHPC were compared with those of warfarin by conducting a 4 h acute trial on thromboplastin‐induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), investigating various haemostatic and antioxidant system parameters and performing a haemogram. Of most significance was that in the 5‐d DHPC trial on healthy controls, PT, APTT, fibrinogen, platelet count remained within normal levels. In the 4‐h DIC trial, both DHPC (0·025 mg/kg, i.v.) and warfarin (0·25 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly inhibited DIC, by reducing the PT, APTT, and fibrin degradation products and increasing fibrinogen levels and platelet count. In the DIC drug groups, lipid peroxidation significantly increased only in the warfarin group and glutathione significantly increased only in the DHPC group. However leucocyte count was significantly higher in the DHPC than the warfarin group. Further investigation is required for why DHPC is effective on the parameters investigated, at doses one‐tenth of those of warfarin.
Dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis is associated with neonatal hepatitis
Authors: Rees David C. , Portmann Bernard , Ball Colin , Mieli‐Vergani Giorgina , Nicolaou Anna , Chetty Margaret C. , Stewart Gordon W. 
Published: July 2004

SummaryDehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (DHSt) is an inherited haemolytic anaemia associated with increased red cell membrane permeability to Na+ and K+. It is increasingly recognized that a syndrome of self‐limiting perinatal ascites can accompany the haemolysis. The cause of the perinatal ascites is unknown, and it has been argued that this could be due to cardiovascular, hepatic or lymphatic problems. We describe the case of a 16‐year‐old girl who presented neonatally with abnormal liver function tests and ascites. She was extensively investigated at that time. A liver biopsy showed hepatitis and fatty changes. Her ascites resolved within 6 months. At the age of 15 years, she developed an episode of acute haemolysis and was re‐investigated. A diagnosis of DHSt was made. Pseudohyperkalaemia, due to ex vivo loss of K+ from red cells, was present. This study confirms the previously noted association of DHSt, pseudohyperkalaemia and perinatal ascites, and suggests that the latter is of predominantly hepatic origin.
Predictors of behavioural and emotional problems of children placed in children's homes in Croatia
Authors: Franz Branka Sladovic 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACTSince children's homes in Croatia and elsewhere nowadays deal with children who have more problems than in the past, there is a need to identify predictors of the children's behavioural and emotional problems in order to provide adequate interventions and an appropriate developmental environment. This research was carried out in all children's homes in Croatia. The sample consisted of 263 children aged 10–14. Standardized instruments (Youth Self‐Report and Child Behaviour Check‐List) were used as outcome measures of children's psychosocial functioning. The results showed significantly more behavioural and emotional problems in children in children's homes than in the comparison group of children living with their families. Child care‐workers assessed fewer behavioural and emotional problems than did the children themselves. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine predictors for well‐being scores. The level of everyday stress in children's homes, coping strategies, perception of social support and school achievements proved to be the most significant predictors. Since those variables belong to mediating variables within the suggested model of research, it is argued that positive changes in these areas can facilitate a better psychosocial functioning of the children in children's homes.
Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for adolescents in residential child care in Scotland: an examination of practice and lessons from research
Authors: Stevens Irene 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACTThis paper sets out to examine the basis and use of cognitive‐behavioural interventions with adolescents in residential child care. The paper outlines the results of a survey of the use of cognitive‐behavioural interventions in Scotland. The survey indicates that such interventions are used widely in residential schools and secure units in Scotland. The paper then reviews some of the studies relating to cognitive‐behavioural interventions, which appear to be most relevant to residential child care. The review revealed many of the positive outcomes of cognitive‐behavioural interventions. However, there are some cautionary notes highlighted by the survey and the review. These relate to issues about generalization of learning and the meaning of the intervention for the young person and for the staff. The paper discusses the importance of other factors in determining the success of cognitive‐behavioural interventions. These factors include the importance of accurate assessment, the role of staff training and the need to ensure that interventions are always in the best interests of the child.
‘Given up hope of dying’: A child protection approach to deliberate self‐harm in adolescents admitted to a paediatric ward
Authors: Souter Annie , Kraemer Sebastian 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACTThis paper describes an approach developed by a local authority social worker based in a paediatric department, working in close collaboration with consultant child and adolescent psychiatrists and paediatricians. The literature is informative on the significant psychosocial difficulties of young people who harm themselves deliberately, but there is little published work on the complexities of the actual multidisciplinary care given to these patients, the majority of whom are not actively suicidal by the time they are interviewed. The task is as much to intervene in the lives of young people at risk of harm or neglect as to prevent suicide.
Neurosurgical intervention in a haemophilic child with a subdural and intracerebral haematoma
Authors: Cermelj M. , Negro F. , Schijman E. , Ferro A. M. , Acerenza M. , Pollola J. 
Published: July 2004

Summary.  A case of a 3‐year‐old boy with severe haemophilia A who had a successful neurosurgical drainage of a combined spontaneous left temporal subdural and intra‐parenchimal haematoma is reported. Surgical intervention was required because of clinical worsening during conservative treatment with dexamethasone and factor VIII (FVIII) replacement therapy. Continuous FVIII infusion was given before, during and after the procedure. There were no surgical complications and neurological examination remains intact. Neurosurgical interventions may be reserved for special, high‐risk cases, as the one presented.
Pharmacokinetics of activated recombinant coagulation factor VII (NovoSeven®) in children vs. adults with haemophilia A
Authors: Villar A. , Aronis S. , Morfini M. , Santagostino E. , Auerswald G. , Thomsen H. F. , Erhardtsen E. , Giangrande P. L. F. 
Published: July 2004

Summary.  To establish the pharmacokinetic profile of activated recombinant coagulation factor VII (rFVIIa; NovoSeven®) in children with haemophilia A, and to compare it with the pharmacokinetic profile in adults with haemophilia A.Twelve children (2–12 years) received one single dose of rFVIIa 90 and 180 μg kg−1 in randomized order separated by a washout period of 48 h to 1 month. Six adults (18–55 years) received a single dose of rFVIIa 90 μg kg−1. The pharmacokinetic analyses were based on a non‐compartmental method.In children, the plasma level of FVII increased proportionally with the dose. The total body clearance normalized for body weight was significantly faster in children than in adults (FVII:C, 58 vs. 39 mL kg−1 h−1 and FVIIa, 78 vs. 53 mL kg−1 h−1, P < 0.05). A trend towards a larger volume of distribution at steady‐state in children than in adults was observed (P > 0.05).Dose proportionality was established for plasma concentrations of FVII in children with haemophilia A at the dose levels investigated (90 and 180 μg kg−1 rFVIIa). Following administration of rFVIIa 90 μg kg−1, significantly faster clearance was observed in children compared with adults, suggesting that higher doses of rFVIIa may be needed to achieve the same plasma levels as in adults.
Cytomegalovirus infection in symptomatic periapical pathosis
Authors: Slots J. , Nowzari H. , Sabeti M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAim  To compare the presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infections in samples from 25 symptomatic and 19 asymptomatic periapical lesions.Methodology  Periapical samples were collected by sterile curettes in conjunction with apicectomy. cDNA‐based HCMV and EBV identification was performed on total mRNAs extracted from peripapical tissues, using primers for genes transcribed during the productive phase of the herpesvirus infection. Statistical analysis was performed using chi‐squared test.Results  HCMV was detected in 100% of the symptomatic and in 37% of the asymptomatic study lesions. EBV was identified only in HCMV‐infected periapical lesions. The difference in occurrence of HCMV and EBV between symptomatic and asymptomatic periapical lesions was statistically significant (P < 0.0001).Conclusions  The noteworthy finding of this study was the ubiquitous occurrence of HCMV active infection in symptomatic periapical pathosis. EBV may contribute to periapical pathogenesis in a subset of symptomatic lesions. HCMV and EBV infections may cause periapical pathosis by inducing cytokine and chemokine release from inflammatory or connective tissue cells, or by impairing local host defences resulting in heightened virulence of resident bacterial pathogens. Knowledge about the role of herpesviruses in periapical pathosis seems important to fully delineate the pathogenesis of endodontic infectious diseases. HCMV and probably EBV should be added to the list of putative pathogenic agents in symptomatic periapical disease.
The efficacy of pain control following nonsurgical root canal treatment using ibuprofen or a combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Menhinick K. A. , Gutmann J. L. , Regan J. D. , Taylor S. E. , Buschang P. H. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAim  To compare ibuprofen, to an ibuprofen/acetaminophen combination in managing postoperative pain following root canal treatment. It is hypothesized that the drug combination will provide more postoperative pain relief than the placebo or ibuprofen alone.Methodology  Patients presenting at the Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry's graduate endodontic clinic, experiencing moderate to severe pain, were considered potential candidates. Fifty‐seven patients were included based on established criteria. Following administration of local anaesthesia, a pulpectomy was performed. The patients were administered a single dose of either: (i) placebo; (ii) 600 mg ibuprofen; or (iii) 600 mg ibuprofen and 1000 mg of acetaminophen. Patients recorded pain intensity following treatment on a visual analogue scale and a baseline four‐point category pain scale as well as pain relief every hour for the first 4 h then every 2 h thereafter for a total of 8 h. A general linear model (GLM) analysis was used to analyse the outcome.Results  Based upon the GLM analysis, there was a significant difference between the ibuprofen and the combination drug group, and between placebo and combination drug groups. There was no significant difference between the placebo and the ibuprofen.Conclusion  The results demonstrate that the combination of ibuprofen with acetaminophen may be more effective than ibuprofen alone for the management of postoperative endodontic pain.
A clinical report of 85 fractured metallic post‐retained crowns
Authors: Fox K. , Wood D. J. , Youngson C. C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAim  To determine any patient, technique or material factors that were significantly associated with post fracture in metallic post systems.Summary  Eighty‐five fractured metal posts were retrieved over a 5‐year period from a total of 84 patients who attended a dental hospital for treatment. A record was kept of the patient's dentition to identify the tooth with the fractured post, the number of teeth present, the excursive guidance scheme and the likely post design and material. Radiographs of 67 of these teeth were available. The presence or absence of a periapical lesion was noted as was the quality of the root filling. Maxillary lateral incisors, followed by maxillary centrals were associated with most of the fractured posts. The median survival to fracture was 36 months. The number of teeth in the dentition had a mode of 28. The most commonly fractured post design was a serrated and parallel design with an average diameter of 1.2 mm at the site of fracture. Apical lesions were found in 67% of the teeth with radiographs. Only 12% of teeth with a ‘good’ apical filling as opposed to 55% with a ‘poor’ apical filling had apical lesions.Key learning points

Maxillary lateral incisors, followed by maxillary central incisors are at greatest risk of having a fractured metallic post.
Having a large number of teeth in the dentition or an adequate length of post was not protective against metallic post fracture.
Teeth with fractured post‐retained crowns had a high incidence of apical lesions.
Assessment of infectious salmon anaemia virus prevalence for different groups of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in New Brunswick
Authors: McClure C A , Hammell K L , Dohoo I R , Nerette P , Hawkins L J 
Published: July 2004

AbstractInfectious salmon anaemia (ISA) virus (ISAV) has been causing disease in New Brunswick since 1996. As a control measure, all fish in an outbreak cage are killed. The objective of this study was to compare ISAV prevalence in cages experiencing an outbreak with healthy cages from the same farm, neighbouring farms and distant farms. Atlantic salmon from five different groups were tested using an RT‐PCR test. Groups included moribund fish from a cage experiencing an outbreak (A), healthy fish from an outbreak cage (B), healthy fish from a negative cage from a farm experiencing an outbreak in a different cage (C), healthy fish from a negative farm near an outbreak farm (D), and healthy fish sampled at a negative farm located in an area with only negative farms (E). Apparent prevalences (standard error) for the different groups (A–E) were 0.94 (±0.026), 0.41 (±0.062), 0.29 (±0.040), 0.08 (±0.037) and 0.08 (±0.037), respectively. All groups were significantly different (P < 0.002) from each other except for groups B and C and groups D and E. Because the prevalence of the virus was significantly higher in the outbreak cage (B) compared with other sites, early harvest of outbreak cages will remove one source of virus. However, ISA negative cages (C) that remain on the positive farm may potentially act as a viral reservoir.
Investigation of wild caught whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus (L.), for infection with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) and experimental challenge of whitefish with VHSV
Authors: Skall H F , Kjær T E , Olesen N J 
Published: July 2004

AbstractOne hundred and forty‐eight wild whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus (L.), were caught by electrofishing and sampled for virological examination in December 1999 and 2000, during migration from the brackish water feeding grounds to the freshwater spawning grounds, where the whitefish may come into contact with farmed rainbow trout. All samples were examined on cell cultures. No viruses were isolated. Three viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) isolates of different origin were tested in infection trials by immersion and intraperitoneal (IP) injection, using 1.5 g farmed whitefish: an isolate from wild caught marine fish, a farmed rainbow trout isolate with a suspected marine origin and a classical freshwater isolate. The isolates were highly pathogenic by IP injection where 99–100% of the whitefish died. Using an immersion challenge the rainbow trout isolates were moderately pathogenic with approximately 20% mortality, whereas the marine isolate was virtually non‐pathogenic. At the end of the experiment it was possible to isolate VHSV from survivors infected with the marine and suspected marine isolates. Because of the low infection rate in wild whitefish in Denmark, the role of whitefish in the spread of VHSV in Denmark is probably not significant. The experimental studies, however, showed that whitefish are potential carriers of VHSV as they suffer only low mortality after infection but continue to carry virus.
Histopathological studies on viral nervous necrosis of sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus Thunberg, at the grow‐out stage
Authors: Tanaka S , Takagi M , Miyazaki T 
Published: July 2004

AbstractViral nervous necrosis caused by sevenband grouper nervous necrosis virus (SGNNV) has occurred in grow‐out stages (0–3 years old) of sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus, since the 1980s. In the present study, based on histopathological features of the central nervous system (CNS) in naturally diseased fish, pernasal infection experiments using grow‐out fish were performed and pernasal infection was established as a putative invasion route of SGNNV. The definite SGNNV‐targeted cells were determined by histopathological studies including indirect fluorescent antibody test and electron microscopy. Nerve cells in the olfactory lobe were most extensively necrotized with vacuolation followed by infiltration of microglia and macrophages. Purkinje cells and Golgi cells were extensively infected in the cerebellum. Megalocells and small nerve cell nuclei were also infected in the preoptic area, thalamus, medulla oblongata and spinal cord. Only a few small nerve cells were infected in the olfactory bulb and optic tectum. The retina of some diseased fish displayed vacuolated bipolar cells of the inner nuclear layer and in the ganglion cell layer. These SGNNV‐infected nerve cells displayed viroplasmic inclusions containing virions, vacuoles and myelin‐like structures. Based on observed histopathological changes, the lesion of the CNS was characterized by encephalitis but not encephalopathy.
The activity of a single‐stranded promoter of plasmid ColIb‐P9 depends on its secondary structure
Authors: Nasim M. T. , Eperon I. C. , Wilkins B. M. , Brammar W. J. 
Published: July 2004

SummaryThe leading region of the conjugal bacterial plasmid ColIb‐P9 contains three dispersed repeats of a 328 bp sequence homologous to Frpo, a sequence from plasmid F that acts as a promoter in single‐stranded DNA. One of these sequences, ssi3, inactive in the double‐stranded form, promoted in vitro transcription exclusively from the single strand that is transferred during conjugation. Promoter activity was dependent on the presence of RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing sigma 70. Transcription initiated from the position predicted from folding the single‐stranded DNA to form a pseudo double‐stranded hairpin structure containing recognizable −35 and −10 promoter elements. Footprinting of RNA polymerase holoenzyme on single‐stranded ssi3 DNA was consistent with this suggestion. Mutagenesis of the putative −35 region inactivated the promoter, but random mutations in the −10 region had little effect. The putative −10 region is a poor match to the consensus sequence and contains mismatched bases. Elimination of these mismatches invariably destroyed single‐strand promoter activity. These observations reveal the crucial contribution of the unpaired bases in the −10 region in potentiating the formation of the productive open complex with RNA polymerase.