bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteinuria and the risk of Incident atrial fibrillation according to glycemic stages: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Yeo Muhan , Lee So-Ryoung , Choi Eue-Keun , Choi JungMin , Lee Kyung-Yeon , Kwon Soonil , Ahn Hyo-Jeong , Kim Bong-Seong , Han Kyung-Do , Oh Seil , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and proteinuria each independently raise the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to investigate the relationship between proteinuria and the risk of incident AF across glycemic stages.

Methods
A cohort of 4,044,524 individuals without prior AF and type 1 DM was selected from the 2009 Korean National Health Insurance Service health checkup data. The individuals were categorized into five glycemic stages: normal, prediabetes, new-onset DM, early DM (< 5 years), and late DM (≥ 5 years). Proteinuria was graded using a urine dipstick test. The development of incident AF was tracked until 2023.

Results
Overall, the cohort (mean age 47 ± 14 years, 44.8% female) showed increasing annual AF incidence rates from 2.05 to 7.22 per 1000 person-years from normal to late DM (p < 0.001). Incidence rates increased from 2.46 to 8.18 per 1000 person-years with increasing proteinuria (p < 0.001). Adjusted Cox regression models revealed a heightened AF risk with higher proteinuria across all glycemic stages (adjusted hazard ratios for urine dipstick 3+/4+: 1.58, 1.64, 2.39, 2.12, and 2.53 for normal, prediabetes, new-onset DM, early DM, and late DM, respectively). The proteinuria-AF association was more pronounced in individuals with DM than in those without DM but was similar among the new-onset and established DM groups.

Conclusions
Proteinuria is an independent and significant risk factor for incident AF at all glycemic stages. The risk of incident AF in patients with DM can be stratified by measuring the level of proteinuria rather than comparing the duration of DM. Tailoring clinical strategies to proteinuria level could potentially mitigate this risk, improving patient outcomes.

Graphical abstract
Obesity-induced mesenteric PVAT remodelling is sexually dimorphic, but not driven by ovarian hormones
Authors: Ivatt Lisa , Paul Mhairi , Miguelez-Crespo Allende , Hadoke Patrick W. F. , Bailey Matthew A. , Morgan Ruth A. , Nixon Mark 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Obesity, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), is associated with hypertension and vascular dysfunction. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), a metabolically active tissue surrounding blood vessels, plays a key role in regulating vascular tone. In obesity, PVAT becomes dysregulated which may contribute to vascular dysfunction; how sex impacts the remodelling of PVAT and thus the altered vascular contractility during obesity is unclear.

Objective
To investigate sex-specific PVAT dysregulation in the setting of obesity as a potential driver of sex differences in vascular pathologies and CVD risk.

Methods
Adult male and female C57Bl/6J mice were fed an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) or regular chow for 16 weeks. Mesenteric PVAT (mPVAT) was isolated for RNA-sequencing and histological analysis, and mesenteric arteries were isolated for assessment of vascular function by wire myography. In a separate study, female mice were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy prior to dietary intervention to determine the contribution of ovarian hormones to PVAT dysregulation.

Results
Transcriptomic analysis of mPVAT revealed sexually dimorphic responses to HFD, with upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling pathways in male but not female mice. Histological and RT-qPCR approaches demonstrated increased collagen deposition and ECM remodelling in mPVAT from obese male compared with obese female mice. Assessment of vascular function in mesenteric arteries -/+ PVAT revealed that in obesity, mPVAT impaired endothelium-mediated vasodilation in male but not female mice. Ovariectomy of female mice prior to HFD administration did not alter ECM transcript expression or collagen deposition in mPVAT compared to sham-operated female mice.

Conclusions
Obesity induces sex-specific molecular remodelling in mPVAT, with male mice exhibiting unique upregulation of ECM pathways and increased collagen deposition compared to females. Moreover, the relative protection of female mice from obesity-induced mPVAT dysregulation is not mediated by ovarian hormones. These data highlight a potential sex-specific mechanistic link between mPVAT and mesenteric artery dysfunction in obesity, and provides crucial insights for future development of treatment strategies that consider the unique cardiovascular risks in men and women.

Graphical abstract
Facile nucleophilic substitution approach for the spectrofluorimetric assay of natamycin based on diarylpyrrolone formation, evaluation of method greenness
Authors: Derayea Sayed M. , Mohammed Fatma F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
An ecofriendly, effective, and selective spectrofluorimetric approach for natamycin analysis was developed using fluorescamine as a fluorogenic probe. Natamycin is the only topical ocular antifungal medication that is presently on the market for treating keratitis, conjunctivitis, and blepharitis caused by yeast and other fungi. Owing to its primary aliphatic amino group, natamycin can easily interact with fluorescamine resulting in the formation of the highly fluorescent diaryl pyrrolone derivative. The derivatization reaction was completed within very short time at room temperature in borate buffer solution (pH 7.6). The fluorescence intensity of the reaction product was monitored at 465 nm after exciting at 390 nm. The linearity range of the spectrofluorimetric method was 0.25–4.0 µg/mL of natamycin with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.082 µg/mL. The method was applied for the determination of the cited drug in pharmaceutical eye drops and artificial aqueous humor with high percentage recoveries and low relative standard deviations. In addition, the involved analytical procedure was green based on the results of the ecology scale scores.
Identification of fine antigenic epitopes of Tamdy virus glycoprotein Gn fragment and establishment of ELISA detection method
Authors: Fu Yujiao , Liu Liping , Zhang Beibei , Chao Xiaoshan , Jin Junxia , Wang Ying , Ding Juntao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Tamdy virus (TAMV) was first isolated in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. In 2018, it was found in China, marking its entry into the molecular research era. TAMV is linked to febrile diseases, but its epidemiology and spillover risks are poorly understood, necessitating urgent molecular research and detection method development.

Methods
The secondary structure of TAMV glycoprotein Gn was predicted, and the results showed that it had rich antigenic epitopes. According to the predicted results, glycoprotein Gn was divided into 46 truncated 16-peptides by modified synthetic peptide method, and the antigenicity of 46 truncated 16-peptides was verified by western blotting analysis.

Results
The results showed that P8, P9, P24, P25, P28, P29, and P39 had antigenicity. Subsequently, the seven positive 16-peptide sequences with antigenicity were truncated to form 8-peptide sequences with an overlap of seven amino acids. After analysis with the same method, eight fine antigenic epitopes E1 (58VINSTLDH65), E2 (65HVGSWGMP72), E3 (68SWGMPVTT75), E4 (187IRNQPFKS194), E5 (195FNVEVQ200), E6 (226AVVEHH231), E7 (228VEHHGNKA235), and E8 (310RGGRR314) were identified, all of which were located on the three-dimensional surface of glycoprotein Gn and were highly conserved in different TAMV strains.

Conclusions
Eight precise epitopes were identified, and an indirect ELISA method based on fusion multiepitope peptide (r-Gn-MEPX2) was developed and implemented, featuring high sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity.

Graphical Abstract
Expanding the frontiers of electrocatalysis: advanced theoretical methods for water splitting
Authors: Cho Seong Chan , Seok Jun Ho , Manh Hung Ngo , Seol Jae Hun , Lee Chi Ho , Lee Sang Uck 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Electrochemical water splitting, which encompasses the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), offers a promising route for sustainable hydrogen production. The development of efficient and cost-effective electrocatalysts is crucial for advancing this technology, especially given the reliance on expensive transition metals, such as Pt and Ir, in traditional catalysts. This review highlights recent advances in the design and optimization of electrocatalysts, focusing on density functional theory (DFT) as a key tool for understanding and improving catalytic performance in the HER and OER. We begin by exploring DFT-based approaches for evaluating catalytic activity under both acidic and alkaline conditions. The review then shifts to a material-oriented perspective, showcasing key catalyst materials and the theoretical strategies employed to enhance their performance. In addition, we discuss scaling relationships that exist between binding energies and electronic structures through the use of charge-density analysis and d-band theory. Advanced concepts, such as the effects of adsorbate coverage, solvation, and applied potential on catalytic behavior, are also discussed. We finally focus on integrating machine learning (ML) with DFT to enable high-throughput screening and accelerate the discovery of novel water-splitting catalysts. This comprehensive review underscores the pivotal role that DFT plays in advancing electrocatalyst design and highlights its potential for shaping the future of sustainable hydrogen production.

Graphical Abstract
Estimation of the probability of informed trading models via an expectation-conditional maximization algorithm
Authors: Ghachem Montasser , Ersan Oguz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The estimation of the probability of informed trading (PIN) model and its extensions poses significant challenges owing to various computational problems. To address these issues, we propose a novel estimation method called the expectation-conditional-maximization (ECM) algorithm, which can serve as an alternative to the existing methods for estimating PIN models. Our method provides optimal estimates for the original PIN model as well as two of its extensions: the multilayer PIN model and the adjusted PIN model, along with its restricted versions. Our results indicate that estimations using the ECM algorithm are generally faster, more accurate, and more memory-efficient than the standard methods used in the literature, making it a robust alternative. More importantly, the ECM algorithm is not limited to the models discussed and can be easily adapted to estimate future extensions of the PIN model.
Migraine diagnosis in patients with sinus headache symptoms: a cross-sectional study at Khartoum ENT Hospital
Authors: Abdelgafour Mohamed Salah Mohamed , Eltayeb Abdelgadir Ahmed , El-Awad Mohammed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Sinus headache is the most common diagnosis reported by patients with migraine who received a non-migraine diagnosis. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of migraine among patients present with sinus headache to Khartoum ENT Hospital.

Objective
To study the prevalence of migraine (using IHS criteria) among patients present with sinus headache at Khartoum ENT Hospital.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted at Khartoum ENT Hospital in the period between July 2022 to February 2023 including all patients with self-reported or physician diagnosed “sinus headache”, without a suspected secondary cause of headache. Diagnosis of migraine was made using the IHS criteria.
Data was collected by the researcher, entered and analyzed using SPSS.

Results
This study included 197 patients with a mean age of 33 ± 10 years, and female predominance 129 (65. 5%). The most common presentation was nasal blockage 178 (90.4%), flowed by facial pain 87 (44.7%), and nasal discharge 42 (21.3%). Autonomic symptoms included lacrimation 71 (36%), conjunctival injection 20 (10%), and eyelid edema 6 (3%), and 26 (13%) had positive family history of migraine. The prevalence of migraine was 67 (34%); 40 (20%) without aura and 27 (14%) with aura. Migraine was significantly associated with autonomic symptoms, and family history of migraine, and poor response to NSAIDs and nasal sprays compared to non-migraine headache (P-value < 0.05).

Conclusion
Migraine is not uncommon as 34% of patients with self-reported or physician diagnosed sinus headache meet the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria of Migraine. Migraine was associated with autonomic symptoms and a positive family history of migraine. The presence of good response among those who used antimigraine medications may aid the diagnosis of migraine.
Inequity in treatment access for child mental health services in England: analysis of administrative national data for 2021–2022
Authors: Pape Tom , Rixson Lauren , Pari Anees Ahmed Abdul 
Published: January 2025

Aims and method
An equitable child mental health service provides access to treatment proportionally to the need of individual demographic groups. Despite qualitative and survey-based evidence of barriers disadvantaging some demographic groups, it is not well understood how these barriers translate into quantifiable inequities. We calculated the treatment access rate for English children aged 6–16 years in 2021–2022, using the patient-level Mental Health Services Data Set and Mental Health of Children and Young People Survey.

Results
The number of primary school children in treatment needs to increase nationally by 173%, the number of boys by 65% and the number of children from a White ethnic background by 31%, to achieve equity in treatment access. There was no evidence of inequities by area deprivation.

Clinical implications
Child mental health services in England should not only increase overall access rates, but also pay more attention to equity in access across different demographic groups.
Delta-Radiomics Using Machine Learning Classifiers With Auxiliary Data Sets to Predict Disease Progression During Magnetic Resonance-Guided Radiotherapy in Adrenal Metastases
Authors: Fajemisin Jesutofunmi A. , Bryant John M. , Saghand Payman G. , Mills Matthew N. , Latifi Kujtim , Moros Eduardo G. , Feygelman Vladimir , Frakes Jessica M. , Hoffe Sarah E. , Mittauer Kathryn E. , Kutuk Tugce , Kotecha Rupesh , El Naqa Issam , Rosenberg Stephen A. 
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE
Adaptive radiotherapy accounts for interfractional anatomic changes. We hypothesize that changes in the gross tumor volumes identified during daily scans could be analyzed using delta-radiomics to predict disease progression events. We evaluated whether an auxiliary data set could improve prediction performance.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We analyzed 108 patients (n = 90 internal; n = 18 external) who received ablative radiotherapy. The internal data set included 42 patients with adrenal cancer, 23 patients with lung cancer, and 25 patients with pancreatic cancer, with the clinical end point of progression-free survival events. The median dose was 50 Gy, which was delivered over five fractions. The delta features are the ratio of the features of the last to first treatment fraction, F5/F1, and the concatenation of the first and last fraction features, F1||F5. Decision tree classifier with and without auxiliary data sets, and the external data set was used exclusively for independent testing of the final models.

RESULTS
During internal training, for the F1||F5 model, the inclusion of the lung data set increased our AUC receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) from 0.53 ± 0.12 to 0.61 ± 0.11, whereas the pancreatic data set increased our AUC-ROC to 0.60 ± 0.14. For the F5/F1 model, the inclusion of the lung auxiliary data increased our AUC-ROC from 0.52 ± 0.13 to 0.65 ± 0.11, whereas it modestly changed by 0.62 ± 0.13 with the pancreas. During external testing, for the F5/F1 model, we reported an AUC-ROC of 0.60 with the lung auxiliary data and 0.43 with the pancreatic data. Also, for the F5||F1 model, we reported an AUC-ROC of 0.70 with the lung auxiliary and 0.60 with the pancreatic data.

CONCLUSION
Decision trees provided an explainable model on the external data set. The validation of our model on an external data set may be the first step to biologically adapted radiotherapy recognizing radiomics signals for potential recurrence.
Perioperative Supportive Care Interventions to Enhance Surgical Outcomes for Older Adults With Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lam Anh B. , Sorensen Luke , Moore Vanessa A. , Bouvette Max J. , Diaz Barba Adolfo , Clifton Shari , Wismann Andrea , Keyser Katie , Shinall Myrick C. , Nipp Ryan David 
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE
Older adults with cancer have unique needs, which likely influence surgical outcomes in the geriatric oncology population. We conducted a systematic review to describe the literature focused on perioperative supportive care interventions for older adults with cancer undergoing surgery.

METHODS
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we performed a comprehensive search using the Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Embase databases for literature published from January 2010 to October 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on supportive care interventions that enrolled adults older than 60 years with cancer.

RESULTS
We included 11 RCTs with 2,177 patients in this review. Patients' age ranged from 60 to 95, and the median number of patients per study was 147 (range, 44-690). Most studies included patients with colorectal cancer (81.8%). Half of the studies (54.5%) evaluated exercise interventions, and the remaining assessed geriatric assessment–guided interventions (27.2%), nutrition optimization (9.1%), and patient empowerment (9.1%). Primary outcomes included postoperative complications, quality of life, feasibility of exercise programs, inspiratory muscle endurance, and hospital length of stay, among others. All studies had postoperative complications as a primary or secondary outcome. We found implementation challenges that influenced several studies, including high dropout rates and intervention fidelity.

CONCLUSION
We found 11 studies focused on perioperative supportive care interventions in older adults with cancer undergoing surgery. Notably, interventions involved exercise, geriatric assessment–guided care, nutrition optimization, and patient empowerment. We also found heterogeneity in intervention modality and outcome assessment, thus demonstrating a need for ongoing work to address the unique needs of the geriatric oncology population.
Prevalence of FGFR2b Protein Overexpression in Advanced Gastric Cancers During Prescreening for the Phase III FORTITUDE-101 Trial
Authors: Rha Sun Young , Zhang Yanqiao , Elme Anneli , Pazo Cid Roberto , Alacacioglu Ahmet , Ziogas Dimitrios C. , Shitara Kohei , Ranceva Anastasija , Nemecek Radim , Santoro Armando , Calderon Carlos Alberto , Korphaisarn Krittiya , Davis Tracy , Zahlten-Kuemeli Anita , Conn Christopher , Tan Mengyao , Honeycutt Hayden , Wainberg Zev A. 
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 isoform IIIb (FGFR2b) protein overexpression is an emerging biomarker in gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC). We assessed FGFR2b protein overexpression prevalence in nearly 3,800 tumor samples as part of the prescreening process for a global phase III study in patients with newly diagnosed advanced or metastatic GC.

METHODS
As of June 28, 2024, 3,782 tumor samples from prescreened patients from 37 countries for the phase III FORTITUDE-101 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05052801) were centrally tested for FGFR2b protein overexpression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and had evaluable results. FGFR2b positivity was defined as both any % tumor cells (TC) and ≥10% TC exhibiting moderate-to-strong (2+/3+) membranous FGFR2b staining. Prevalence was analyzed across patient and sample characteristics.

RESULTS

FGFR2b protein overexpression at any % and ≥10%, 2+/3+ TC positivity was 37.8% (1,428/3,782 [95% CI, 36.2 to 39.3]) and 16.2% (612/3,782 [95% CI, 15 to 17.4]), respectively. Of any %, 2+/3+ TC–positive tumors, 42.9% (612/1,428 [95% CI, 40.3 to 45.4]) were FGFR2b ≥10%, 2+/3+ TC positive. FGFR2b prevalence was not notably different within multiple patient and sample characteristics examined (age, sex, collection method [biopsy
v
resection], collection site, location of primary tumor, and geographic region).

CONCLUSION
As of the data cutoff date, we report the largest prevalence assessment of FGFR2b protein overexpression in GC with more than one third (37.8%) of patients with GC exhibiting FGFR2b protein overexpression (any % TC, 2+/3+) by a validated IHC assay. Approximately 16% of patients had FGFR2b protein overexpression in ≥10% of TC. FGFR2b prevalence was similar across geographic regions and within defined patient and sample variables regardless of the level of expression.
Romosozumab Improves Tissue Thickness–Adjusted Trabecular Bone Score in Women With Osteoporosis and Diabetes
Authors: Ferrari Serge , Betah Donald , Feldman Robert G , Langdahl Bente L , Oates Mary , Timoshanko Jen , Wang Zhenxun , Dhaliwal Ruban 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Context
Trabecular bone score (TBS), a gray-level texture index derived from lumbar spine (LS) dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, is decreased in patients with diabetes and is associated with increased fracture risk, independent of areal bone mineral density (aBMD), but potentially influenced by abdominal fat tissue.

Objective
Evaluate effect of romosozumab (210 mg monthly) for 12 months followed by alendronate (70 mg weekly) for 24 months vs alendronate alone (70 mg weekly) for 36 months on LS aBMD and TBS in women with type 2 diabetes (T2D) enrolled in the ARCH study.

Methods
This post hoc analysis included women from ARCH who had T2D at baseline and LS DXA scans at baseline and ≥1 postbaseline visit (romosozumab-to-alendronate, n = 165; alendronate-to-alendronate, n = 195). aBMD and TBS (determined by an updated tissue thickness–adjusted TBS algorithm [TBSTT]) were assessed on LS DXA scans at baseline and ≥1 postbaseline visit (months 12, 24, and 36).

Results
Romosozumab led to significantly greater gains in LS aBMD and TBSTT at month 12 vs alendronate, and the greater gains with romosozumab were maintained after transition to alendronate and persisted significantly at months 24 and 36 vs alendronate alone. TBSTT percentage changes weakly correlated to LS aBMD percentage changes from baseline to month 36 (romosozumab-to-alendronate, R2 = 0.1493; alendronate-to-alendronate, R2 = 0.0429).

Conclusion
In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and T2D, 12 months of romosozumab followed by 24 months of alendronate vs alendronate alone significantly improved LS aBMD and TBSTT (independently of abdominal fat) and to a greater extent. Hence, romosozumab may improve bone strength in patients with T2D.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov—NCT01631214