bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boosting Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation Activity of Ru Single‐Atom Through Promoting Hydroxyl Adsorption on Ru/WC1−x Interfaces
Authors: Park Jinkyu , Kim Honghui , Kim Seongbeen , Yi Seung Yeop , Min Hakyung , Choi Daeeun , Lee Seonggyu , Kim Jihan , Lee Jinwoo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe sluggish kinetics of the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline conditions continue to pose a significant challenge for the practical implementation of anion‐exchange membrane fuel cells. Developing single‐atom catalysts can accelerate the pace of new HOR catalyst discovery for highly cost‐effective and active HOR performance. However, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) for the alkaline HOR have rarely been reported, and fundamental studies on the rational design of SACs are still required. Herein, the design of Ru SAC supported on the tungsten carbide (Ru SA/WC1−x) via in situ high‐temperature annealing strategy is reported. The resulting Ru SA/WC1−x catalyst exhibits remarkably enhanced HOR performance in alkaline media, a level of activity that can not be achieved with carbon‐supported Ru SAC. Electrochemical results and density functional theory demonstrate that promoting the hydroxyl adsorption on Ru SA/WC1−x interfaces, which is derived from the low potential of zero charge of WC1–x support, has a significant effect on enhancing the HOR performance of SACs. This enhancement leads to 5.8 and 60.1 times higher Ru mass activity of Ru SA/WC1−x than Ru nanoparticles on carbon and Ru single‐atom on N‐doped carbon, respectively. This work provides new insights into the design of highly active SACs for alkaline HOR.
Convergence Analysis and Application for Multi‐Layer Neural Network Based on Fractional‐Order Gradient Descent Learning
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Fan Qinwei , Dong Qingmei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFractional order calculus, with its inheritance and infinite memory properties, is a promising research area in information processing and modeling of certain physical systems, system identification, and control. In this paper, a fractional‐order gradient descent method is proposed for backpropagation training of multilayer feedforward neural networks. In particular, the Caputo derivative is used to define the measurement function and consider the smooth regular term. In addition, the monotonicity of the error function and the strong (weak) convergence theorem of the algorithm are rigorously proved. Finally, numerical experiments prove the correctness and effectiveness of the algorithm theory.
Phosphorous‐Doping Strategy Enabled “Concrete‐Slab”‐Like Zn Layer for Highly Stable 3D Composite Anode
Authors: Han Lei , Wang Qi , Pang Rui , Zhang Ding , Zhao Bo , Meng Weixue , Li Meng , Zhang Yingjiu , Cao Anyuan , Shang Yuanyuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractZinc electroplating/stripping is a promising electrochemical reaction for aqueous battery anodes, offering advantages such as high safety, low cost, and fast reaction kinetics. However, the growth of zinc dendrites is a major obstacle impeding its commercialization. To address these challenges, a phosphorus‐doping strategy is proposed for preparing a high Zn‐affinity C3N4 coupled carbon nanotube 3D framework (PCN‐S). The addition of P facilitates the efficient crystallization of Zn that leads to the formation of a “concrete‐slab”‐like zinc layer on the PCN‐S surface. Moreover, the unique “release effect” possessed by the P‐doped 3D framework contributes to more stable cycling at high current. Such structural characteristics result in significantly enhanced stability of Zn metal deposition and extend the cycle life of full cells. The Zn@PCN‐S//Zn@PCN‐S symmetric cell exhibits an impressive long‐term cycle time exceeding 1500 h (1 mA cm‒2). Consequently, aqueous rechargeable zinc‐metal batteries constructed with the 3D Zn@PCN‐S anode can achieve a specific energy of approximately ≈340 mAh g‒1 and cycling for over 600 h. This work introduces a promising option for next‐generation energy storage technologies.
Spontaneous hierarchical surface engineering of minerals through coupled dissolution‐precipitation chemistry
Authors: Jiang Jinyang , Zhang Jiawen , Wang Lanxin , Lu Zeyu , Wang Fengjuan , Liu Zhiyong , Zeng Hongbo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPeculiar hierarchical microstructures in creatures inspire modern material design with distinct functionalities. Creatures can effortlessly construct sophisticated yet long‐range ordered microstructure across bio‐membrane through ion secretion and precipitation. However, microstructure biomimicry in current technology generally requires elaborate, point‐by‐point fabrication. Herein, a spontaneous yet controllable strategy is developed to achieve surface microstructure engineering through a natural surface phenomenon similar to ion secretion‐precipitation, that is, coupled dissolution‐precipitation. A series of hierarchical microstructures on mineral surfaces in fluids with tunable morphology, orientation, dimension, and spatial distribution are achieved by simply controlling initial dissolution and fluid chemistry. In seawater, long‐range ordered film of vertically aligned brucite flakes forms through interfacial dissolution, nucleation, and confinement‐induced orientation of flakes with vertically grown {110} plane, on the edge of which, fusiform aragonite epitaxially precipitates. With negligible initial surface dissolution, prismatic aragonite epitaxially grows on a calcite polyhedron‐packed surface. By tuning fluid chemistry, closely packed calcite polyhedron and loosely packed calcite micro‐pillars are engineered through rapid and retarded precipitation, respectively. Surprisingly, the spontaneously grown microstructures resemble those deliberately created by human or found in nature, and tremendously modulate surface functionality. These findings open new possibilities for facile and customizable engineering of microstructural surfaces, hierarchical heterostructures, and biomimetic materials.
Fast Antioxidation Kinetics of Glutathione Intracellularly Monitored by a Dual‐Wire Nanosensor
Authors: Jiao Yu‐Ting , Kang Yi‐Ran , Wen Ming‐Yong , Wu Hui‐Qian , Zhang Xin‐Wei , Huang Wei‐Hua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe glutathione (GSH) system is one of the most powerful intracellular antioxidant systems for the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. However, the rapid kinetics information (at the millisecond to the second level) during the dynamic antioxidation process of the GSH system remains unclear. As such, we specifically developed a novel dual‐wire nanosensor (DWNS) that can selectively and synchronously measure the levels of GSH and ROS with high temporal resolution, and applied it to monitor the transient ROS generation as well as the rapid antioxidation process of the GSH system in individual cancer cells. These measurements revealed that the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the GSH system is rapidly initiated against ROS burst in a sub‐second time scale, but the elimination process is short‐lived, ending after a few seconds, while some ROS are still present in the cells. This study is expected to open new perspectives for understanding the GSH antioxidant system and studying some redox imbalance‐related physiological.
Photon Pair Source based on PPLN‐Waveguides for Entangled Two‐Photon Absorption
Authors: Gäbler Tobias Bernd , Hendra Patrick , Jain Nitish , Gräfe Markus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFluorescence excitation by absorption of entangled photon pairs offers benefits compared to classical imaging techniques, such as the attainment of higher signal levels at low excitation power while simultaneously mitigating phototoxicity. However, current entangled photon pair sources are unreliable for fluorescence detection. In order to address this limitation, there is a need for ultra‐bright entangled photon pair sources. Among the potential solutions, sources utilizing nonlinear waveguides emerge as promising candidates to facilitate fluorescence excitation through entangled photons. In this paper, a source consisting of a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide is developed and its key characteristics are analyzed. To demonstrate its suitability as key component for imaging experiments, the entangled two‐photon absorption behavior of Cadmium Selenide Zinc Sulfide quantum dot solutions is experimentally investigated.
The tryptophan catabolite or kynurenine pathway in autism spectrum disorder; a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Almulla Abbas F. , Thipakorn Yanin , Tunvirachaisakul Chavit , Maes Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social communication and interaction, as well as rigid and unchanging interests and behaviors. Several studies have reported that activated immune‐inflammatory and nitro‐oxidative pathways are accompanied by depletion of plasma tryptophan (TRP), increased competing amino acid (CAAs) levels, and activation of the TRP catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway. This study aims to systematically review and meta‐analyze data on peripheral TRP, CAAs, TRYCAT pathway activity, and individual TRYCATs, including kynurenine (KYN) and kynurenic acid (KA) levels, in the blood and urine of ASD patients. After extensively searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder, a total of 25 full‐text papers were included in the analysis, with a total of 6653 participants (3557 people with ASD and 3096 healthy controls). Our results indicate that blood TRP and the TRP/CAAs ratio were not significantly different between ASD patients and controls (standardized mean difference, SMD = −0.227, 95% confidence interval, CI: −0.540; 0.085, and SMD = 0.158, 95% CI: −0.042; 0.359), respectively. The KYN/TRP ratio showed no significant difference between ASD and controls (SMD = 0.001, 95% CI: −0.169; 0.171). Blood KYN and KA levels were not significantly changed in ASD. Moreover, there were no significant differences in urine TRP, KYN, and KA levels between ASD and controls. We could not establish increases in neurotoxic TRYCATs in ASD. In conclusion, this study demonstrates no abnormalities in peripheral blood TRP metabolism, indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase enzyme (IDO) activity, or TRYCAT production in ASD. Reduced TRP availability and elevated neurotoxic TRYCAT levels are not substantial contributors to ASD's pathophysiology.
Low cholesterol levels are associated with increasing risk of plasma cell neoplasm: A UK biobank cohort study
Authors: Li Linfeng , Yu Zhengyu , Ren Jianjun , Niu Ting 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPlasma cell neoplasms are a group of hematologic neoplasms that often develop in the elderly population. The relationship between cholesterol levels and hematologic malignancy has been identified in population studies. However, it is still unclear if there is a relationship between cholesterol levels and plasma cell neoplasm in European ancestry.MethodsProspective cohorts included 502,507 individuals from the UK Biobank who were followed up to 2019 and assessed total cholesterol(TC) levels, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, apolipoprotein A (ApoA) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) as risk factors for plasma cell neoplasms with Cox proportional hazard regression and restricted cubic spline model. We also used two‐sample Mendelian randomization to determine if the cholesterol level has a causal effect on developing plasma cell neoplasms.ResultsWe observed 1819 plasma cell neoplasm cases during 14.2 years of follow‐up in the UK Biobank. We found higher blood serum cholesterol levels at baseline were associated with a lower risk of plasma cell neoplasm in our study. All lipid profiles we analyzed in this study were inversely associated with plasma cell neoplasm risk (all ptrend <0.005) but triglycerides did not have such association. However, there was no suggestive association of genetically predicted serum LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol levels with multiple myeloma.ConclusionLow serum total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, ApoA, and ApoB levels were all associated with increasing the risk of plasma cell neoplasm.
Prognosis value of microscopic bile duct invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter study
Authors: Huang Qizhen , Lin Kongying , Lin Zhipeng , Ji Hongbin , Zhou Xiaoyu , Wang Bin , Chen Yufeng , Sun Chuandong , Zheng Shuguo , Chen Jinhong , Wang Yifan , Zhou Yanming , Zhou Weiping , Zeng Yongyi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prognostic significance of microscopic bile duct invasion (MiBDI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following R0 resection.Patients and MethodsPatients who underwent R0 resection for HCC at nine medical centers were stratified into five groups: neither bile duct nor vascular invasion (MiBDI−MVI−), microscopic bile duct invasion alone (MiBDI+MVI−), both microscopic bile duct and vascular invasion (MiBDI+MVI+), microscopic vascular invasion alone (MiBDI−MVI+), and macroscopic bile duct invasion (MaBDI). Overall survival (OS) was assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis, and independent risk factors of OS were determined using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsA total of 377 HCC cases were analyzed. The OS for MiBDI+MVI‐ was similar to that of MiBDI−MVI− (p > 0.05) but better than MiBDI+MVI+, MiBDI−MVI+, and MaBDI (all p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that MiBDI was not an independent risk factor for OS, while MVI and MaBDI were.ConclusionsOverall survival (OS) in patients with MiBDI was superior to those with MVI and MaBDI. Isolated MiBDI did not influence OS in patients with HCC after R0 resection.
Kompetenz für Effizienz
Authors: Woppowa Ljuba 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIm Fokus des 14. Jahrestreffens der Betriebsingenieure und Betriebsingenieurinnen der VDI‐Gesellschaft Verfahrenstechnik und Chemieingenieurwesen (VDI‐GVC) stehen die Themen Effizienz und Nachhaltigkeit. Mit ihren Kompetenzen leisten Betriebsingenieure entscheidende Beiträge dazu, Anlagen höchst effizient zu betreiben und Prozesse optimal zu fahren. Die Veranstaltung im November bietet die Möglichkeit zum direkten und persönlichen Austausch.
Unusual aliovalent Cd doped γ‐Bi2MoO6 nanomaterial for efficient photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole and rhodamine B under visible light irradiation
Authors: Zhang Bohang , Fang Canxiang , Ning Jing , Dai Rong , Liu Yang , Wu Qiao , Zhang Fuchun , Zhang Weibin , Dou Shixue , Liu Xinghui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDue to γ‐Bi2MoO6 (BMO) has attracted considerable attention because of its unique layered perovskite structure and excellent electrical conductivity. However, the easy recombination of electron–hole pairs limits its practical application. To address this issue, we successfully prepared aliovalent Cd2+ doped BMO (Cd‐BMO) by using a simple hydrothermal method for the degradation of the sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and Rhodamine B (RhB). The result found that the degradation efficiency of Cd‐BMO is significantly higher than that of BMO, despite an increase in the bandgap after the introduction of Cd2+. The superior degradation efficiency of 8% Cd‐BMO, with a smaller particle size and larger specific surface area, can be attributed to its fast charge separation efficiency, low charge transfer resistance, and low rate of electron–hole pair recombination. Repeated and ion spillover experiments prove that 8% Cd‐BMO shows good stability and environmental protection. Theoretical simulation demonstrates that Cd offers electrons to the BMO system due to the decreased binding energy of BMO. The 8% Cd‐BMO sample can provide a suitable electric band edge for generating dominant active radicals during degradation. This work not only provides a potential candidate of 8% Cd‐BMO for practical degradation but also sheds light on the design of superior photocatalysts.
Relationships between plant species richness and grazing intensity in a semiarid ecosystem
Authors: Fulbright Timothy E. , Ortega‐Santos J. Alfonso , Hines Stacy L. , Drabek Dillan J. , Saenz Ramon , Campbell Tyler A. , Hewitt David G. , Wester David B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPlant species richness is an important property of ecosystems that is altered by grazing. In a semiarid environment, we tested the hypotheses that (1) small‐scale herbaceous plant species richness declines linearly with increasing grazing intensity by large ungulates, (2) precipitation and percent sand interact with grazing intensity, and (3) response of herbaceous plant species richness to increasing intensity of ungulate grazing varies with patch productivity. During January–March 2012, we randomly allocated 50, 1.5‐m × 1.5‐m grazing exclosures within each of six 2500 ha study sites across South Texas, USA. We counted the number of herbaceous plant species and harvested vegetation in 0.25‐m2 plots within exclosures (ungrazed control plots) and in the grazed area outside the exclosures (grazed treatment plots) during October–November 2012–2019. We estimated percent use (grazing intensity) based on the difference in herbaceous plant standing crop between control plots and treatment plots. We selected the negative binomial regression model that best explained the relationship between grazing intensity and herbaceous plant species richness using the Schwarz‐Bayesian information criterion. After accounting for the positive effect of precipitation and percent sand on herbaceous plant species richness, species richness/0.25 m2 increased slightly from 0% to 30% grazing intensity and then declined with increasing grazing intensity. Linear and quadratic responses of herbaceous plant species richness to increasing grazing intensity were greater for the least productive patches (<15.7 g/0.25 m2) than for productive patches (≥15.7 g/0.25 m2). Our results followed the pattern predicted by the intermediate disturbance hypothesis model for the effect of grazing intensity on small‐scale herbaceous plant species richness.
Constructing indicator species distribution models to study the potential invasion risk of invasive plants: A case of the invasion of Parthenium hysterophorus in China
Authors: Liu Jiamin , Wei Haiyan , Zheng Jiaying , Chen Ruidun , Wang Lukun , Jiang Fan , Gu Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimAs invasive plants are often in a non‐equilibrium expansion state, traditional species distribution models (SDMs) are likely underestimating their suitable habitat. New methods are necessary to identify potential invasion risk areas.LocationTropical monsoon rainforest and subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forest regions in China.MethodsWe took Parthenium hysterophorus as a case study to predict its potential invasion risk using climate, terrain, and human activity variables. First, a generalized joint attribute model (GJAM) was constructed using the occurrence of P. hysterophorus and its 27 closely related species in Taiwan, given it is widely distributed in Taiwan. Based on the output correlation values, two positively correlated species (Cardiospermum halicacabum and Portulaca oleracea) and one negatively correlated species (Crassocephalum crepidioides) were selected as indicator species. Second, the distributions of P. hysterophorus and its indicator species in the study area were predicted separately using an ensemble model (EM). Third, when selecting indicator species to construct indicator SDMs, two treatments (indicator species with positive correlation only, or both positive and negative correlation) were considered. The indicator species' EM predictions were overlaid using a weighted average method, and a better indicator SDMs prediction result was selected by comparison. Finally, the EM prediction result of P. hysterophorus was used to optimize the indicator SDMs result by a maximum overlay.ResultsThe optimized indicator SDMs prediction showed an expanded range beyond the current geographic range compared to EM and the thresholds for predicting key environmental variables were wider. It also reinforced the human activities' influence on the potential distribution of P. hysterophorus.Main ConclusionsFor invasive plants with expanding ranges, information about indicator species distribution can be borrowed as a barometer for areas not currently invaded. The optimized indicator SDMs allow for more efficient potential invasion risk prediction. On this basis, invasive plants can be prevented earlier.
Seas the DNA? Limited detection of cetaceans by low‐volume environmental DNA transect surveys
Authors: Robinson Chloe V. , Migneault Amy , Dracott Karina , Glover Robin D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) has begun to show promise as a robust and reproducible tool for monitoring cetaceans in coastal and offshore waters. Some limiting factors preventing the wider application of eDNA for cetacean monitoring includes lack of species‐specific qPCR assays and limited in situ validation. In this study, we determined 15 monitoring stations within cetacean hotspots in Chatham Sound (British Columbia, Canada), from which we collected a combination of visual and acoustic data, and low‐volume eDNA samples (equivalent to ~250 mL seawater). We designed novel eDNA assays for gray whale and Dall's porpoise and validated existing assays for harbor porpoise, killer whale, and humpback whale. Overall, we collected a total of 120 paired eDNA samples across four sampling intervals, 60 preserved with absolute ethanol and 60 preserved with propylene glycol antifreeze. Positive rates for visual (18%) and acoustic (4%) detections were higher than the eDNA detection rate (<3%), with only one sample (antifreeze‐preserved) producing a positive detection for humpback whales at one of the stations. We discuss factors which could have influenced the lack of detections and highlight the need for higher sample volumes and species‐specific sample approaches to improve detection success and confidence in eDNA applicability for cetacean monitoring.