bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of GSQ1530, a New Heteroaromatic Polycyclic Compound
Authors: Ge Yigong , Difuntorum Stacey , Touami Sofia , Critchley Ian , Bürli Roland , Jiang Vernon , Drazan Ken , Moser Heinz 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT

GSQ1530 is a compound derived from a newly identified class of antibiotics referred to as heteroaromatic polycyclic (HARP) antibiotics. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro antimicrobial activity of GSQ1530. By using an NCCLS broth microdilution assay, the activities of GSQ1530 and other antibiotics were coevaluated against 215 clinical isolates. The MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (MIC
90
s) of GSQ1530 for methicillin-susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus
and methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA) were 2 and 4 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC
90
s of GSQ1530 for the streptococci tested were 2 μg/ml or less, regardless of their susceptibilities to other antibiotics. The MIC
90
of GSQ1530 for the enterococci tested (including vancomycin-resistant enterococci) was 4 μg/ml. No cross-resistance was found between GSQ1530 and other known antibiotics. In a separate assay, GSQ1530 demonstrated excellent activity against vancomycin-intermediate-susceptible staphylococci (MIC
90
, 1 μg/ml). The minimal bactericidal concentration test was conducted with 73 clinical isolates; GSQ1530 was cidal against streptococci and staphylococci but static against enterococci. An in vitro killing kinetic study revealed a time-dependent profile, with at least a 3-log reduction of bacterial growth within 6 h after exposure to four times the MICs of GSQ1530 for both
S. aureus
and
Streptococcus pneumoniae
. The checkerboard study showed that GSQ1530 had a synergistic interaction with rifampin against MRSA. The test medium was found to have little effect on in vitro antimicrobial potency. The MICs of GSQ1530 for gram-positive cocci were 4- to 32-fold higher in the presence of serum proteins. GSQ1530 has high levels of plasma protein binding (91 and 89% for rat and human plasma, respectively). These preliminary results demonstrate that GSQ1530, a representative compound of our novel HARP antibiotics, has broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive bacteria. This novel class of antibacterial compounds is profiled in vivo to assess the therapeutic potential in humans. Ongoing in vivo studies will assess whether this class of molecules has promising in vivo efficacy and safety profiles.
Itraconazole Preexposure Attenuates the Efficacy of Subsequent Amphotericin B Therapy in a Murine Model of Acute Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Lewis Russell E. , Prince Randall A. , Chi Jingduan , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACTAntagonism has been described in vitro and in vivo for azole-polyene combinations againstAspergillusspecies. Using an established murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, we evaluated the efficacy of several amphotericin B (AMB) dosages given alone or following preexposure to itraconazole (ITC). Mice were immunosuppressed with cortisone acetate and cyclophosphamide. During immunosuppression, animals were administered either ITC solution (50 mg/kg of body weight) or saline by oral gavage twice daily for 3 days prior to infection. Infection was induced by intranasally inoculating mice with a standardized conidial suspension (1 × 108CFU/ml) ofAspergillus fumigatusstrain AF 293. AMB was then administered by daily intraperitoneal injections (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg) starting 24 h after inoculation and continuing for a total of 72 h. Drug pharmacokinetics of AMB and ITC in plasma were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Four different endpoints were used to examine the efficacy of antifungal therapy: (i) viable counts from harvested lung tissue (in CFU per milliliter), (ii) the whole-lung chitin assay, (iii) mortality at 96 h, and (iv) histopathology of representative lung sections. At AMB doses of >0.5 mg/kg/day, fewer ITC-preexposed mice versus non-ITC-preexposed mice were alive at 96 h (0 to 20 versus 60%, respectively). At all time points, the fungal lung burden was consistently and significantly higher in animals preexposed to ITC, as measured by the CFU counts (P= 0.001) and the chitin assay (P= 0.03). Higher doses of AMB did not overcome this antagonism. ITC preexposure was associated with poorer mycological efficacy and survival in mice treated subsequently with AMB for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
EBR-1, a Novel Ambler Subclass B1 β-Lactamase from
Empedobacter brevis
Authors: Bellais Samuel , Girlich Delphine , Karim Amal , Nordmann Patrice 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT

Empedobacter brevis
(formerly designated
Flavobacterium breve
) is a gram-negative aerobe involved in nosocomial infections. The Ambler class B β-lactamase gene
bla
EBR-1
was cloned and expressed in
Escherichia coli
from
E. brevis
clinical strain ASS-1, which had reduced susceptibility to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems. Purified β-lactamase EBR-1 hydrolyzed penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems efficiently but not aztreonam. Kinetic parameters of EBR-1 were similar to those of class B enzymes such as BlaB, IND-2, and GOB-1 identified from other
Flavobacteriaceae
species, except for meropenem, which was more hydrolyzed by β-lactamase GOB-1. EBR-1, with a pI of 8.0 and a relative molecular mass of ca. 25 kDa, was classified in functional subgroup 3a, which includes most of the class B β-lactamases. EBR-1, which belongs to molecular subclass B1 of metalloenzymes, shares 58, 57, and 42% amino acid identity with the most closely related β-lactamases, IND-1/IND-2 from
Chryseobacterium indologenes
, CGB-1 from
Chryseobacterium gleum
, and BlaB from
Chryseobacterium meningosepticum
, respectively.
Imiquimod 5-Percent Cream Does Not Alter the Natural History of Recurrent Herpes Genitalis: a Phase II, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Schacker Timothy W. , Conant Marcus , Thoming Christopher , Stanczak Tamara , Wang Zengri , Smith Michael 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT

Present strategies for control of herpes genitalis recurrences require multiple daily doses of antiviral medication. Imiquimod, an immune response modifier, induces alpha interferon and interleukin-12; application in the presence of local herpes antigens during a recurrence may augment herpes simplex virus (HSV)-specific cell-mediated immunity. To test this theory, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of imiquimod 5% cream to assess safety and efficacy for decreasing recurrences. Patients with six or more recurrences of herpes genitalis per year applied study cream (imiquimod or placebo) to lesions one, two, or three times per week for 3 weeks for each recurrence during a 16-week treatment period. This was followed by a 16-week observation period. Of 124 patients randomized to the study, 103 completed the treatment period and 93 completed the observation period. The median times to first genital herpes recurrence were 53 days for those receiving placebo (
n
= 30) and 54, 60, and 64 days for those receiving imiquimod one time per week (
n
= 34), two times per week (
n
= 32), and three times per week (
n
= 28), respectively. The median annualized recurrence rates during the treatment period were 3.8, 4.9, 3.2, and 3.1, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the time to first recurrence or in the annualized recurrence rate between the imiquimod and placebo groups in either the treatment or the observation period. A trend in increased rates of local adverse events at the application site and a delay in lesion healing with more frequent dosing suggested a pharmacologic effect. Although clinical efficacy has been observed for imiquimod in other conditions in which a TH1-type immune response may be beneficial, including other viral infections such as those caused by human papillomavirus, no apparent effect on the short-term natural history of herpes genitalis recurrences was observed.
−11 Mutation in theampCPromoter Increasing Resistance to β-Lactams in a ClinicalEscherichia coliStrain
Authors: Corvec S. , Caroff N. , Espaze E. , Marraillac J. , Reynaud A. 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACTA mutation was discovered in the Pribnow box of theampCpromoter in a clinicalEscherichia colistrain. This −11 C-to-T transition created a perfect homology with the −10 consensus sequence. The new promoter was cloned upstream of thecatgene of pKK232-8 and induced a sixfold increase in promoter strength.
Carbapenem-Resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
in Malaysia Producing IMP-7 β-Lactamase
Authors: Ho Siaw Eng , Subramaniam Geetha , Palasubramaniam Selvi , Navaratnam Parasakthi 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT

We have isolated and identified a carbapenem-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strain from Malaysia that produces an IMP-7 metallo-β-lactamase. This isolate showed high-level resistance to meropenem and imipenem, the MICs of which were 256 and 128 μg/ml, respectively. Isoelectric focusing analyses revealed pI values of >9.0, 8.2, and 7.8, which indicated the possible presence of IMP and OXA. DNA sequencing confirmed the identity of the IMP-7 determinant.
Gene Dosage and Linezolid Resistance in
Enterococcus faecium
and
Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Marshall S. H. , Donskey C. J. , Hutton-Thomas R. , Salata R. A. , Rice L. B. 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT
Resistance to linezolid has been associated with a G2576U mutation in domain V of the 23S rRNA. We analyzed nine clinical isolates of linezolid-resistant enterococci and showed a clear association between the number of 23S rRNA genes containing this mutation and the level of linezolid resistance expressed.
A note of equivalence classes of matrices over a finite field
Authors: Brawley J. V. , Mullen Gary L. 
Published: September 2002

Let denote the algebra of m × m matrices over the finite field Fq of q elements, and let Ω denote a group of permutations of Fq. It is well known that each ϕϵΩ can be represented uniquely by a polynomial ϕ(x)ϵFq[x] of degree less than q; thus, the group Ω naturally determines a relation ∼ on as follows: if then A ~ B if ϕ(A) = B for some ϕϵΩ. Here ϕ(A) is to be interpreted as substitution into the unique polynomial of degree <q which represents ϕ.In an earlier paper by the second author [1], it is assumed that the relation ∼ is an equivalence relation and, based on this assumption, various properties of the relation are derived. However, if m ≥ 2, the relation ∼ is not an equivalence relation on . It is the purpose of this paper to point out the above erroneous assumption, and to discuss two ways in which hypotheses of the earlier paper can be modified so that the results derived there are valid.
A helly number for unions of two boxes in R2
Authors: Breen Marilyn 
Published: September 2002

Let S be a polygonal region in the plane with edges parallel to the coordinate axes. If every 5 or fewer boundary points of S can be partitioned into sets A and B so that conv A ⋃  conv B⫅S, then S is a union of two convex sets, each a rectangle. The number 5 is best possible.Without suitable hypothesis on edges of S, the theorem fails. Moreover, an example reveals that there is no finite Helly number which characterizes arbitrary unions of two convex sets, even for polygonal regions in the plane.
Approximation of irrationals
Authors: Baica Malvina 
Published: September 2002

The author uses a new modification of Jacobi‐Perron Algorithm which holds for complex fields of any degree (abbr. ACF), and defines it as Generalized Euclidean Algorithm (abbr. GEA) to approximate irrationals.This paper deals with approximation of irrationals of degree
n = 2, 3, 5. Though approximations of these irrationals in a variety of patterns are known, the results are new and practical, since there is used an algorithmic method.
On quasi‐convex functions and related topics
Authors: Noor Khalida Inayat 
Published: September 2002

Let S be the class of functions f which are analytic and univalent in the unit disc E with f(0) = 0, f′(0) = 1. Let C, S* and K be the classes of convex, starlike and close‐to‐convex functions respectively. The class C* of quasi‐convex functions is defined as follows:Let f be analytic in E and f(0), f′(0) = 1. Then f ϵ C* if and only if there exists a g ϵ C such that, for z ϵ E

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm491830:ijmm491830-math-0001

.In this paper, an up‐to‐date complete study of the class C* is given. Its basic properties, its relationship with other subclasses of S, coefficient problems, arc length problem and many other results are included in this study. Some related classes are also defined and studied in some detail.
A generalization of the global limit theorems of R. P. Agnew
Authors: Rosalsky Andrew 
Published: September 2002

For distribution functions {Fn, n ≥ 0}, the relationship between the weak convergence of Fn to F0 and the convergence of ∫Rϕ(|Fn − F0|)dx to 0 is studied where ϕ is a nonnegative, nondecreasing function. Sufficient and, separately, necessary conditions are given for the latter convergence thereby generalizing the so‐called global limit theorems of Agnew wherein ϕ(t) = |t|r. The sufficiency results are shown to be sharp and, as a special case, yield a global version of the central limit theorem for independent random variables obeying the Liapounov condition. Moreover, weak convergence of distribution functions is characterized in terms of their almost everywhere limiting behavior with respect to Lebesgue measure on the line.Addendum: A generalization of the global limit theorems of R. P. Agnewdx.doi.org/10.1155/S0161171288000699
A pair of biorthogonal polynomials for the Szegö‐Hermite weight function
Authors: Thakare N. K. , Madhekar M. C. 
Published: September 2002

A pair of polynomial sequences and where is of degree n in xk and is of degree m in x, is constructed. It is shown that this pair is biorthogonal with respect to the Szegö‐Hermite weight function |x|2μexp(−x2), (μ > −1/2) over the interval (−∞, ∞) in the sense that

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm292373:ijmm292373-math-0005

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm292373:ijmm292373-math-0006

where m, n = 0, 1, 2, … and k is an odd positive integer.Generating functions, mixed recurrence relations for both these sets are obtained. For k = 1, both the above sets get reduced to the orthogonal polynomials introduced by professor Szegö.
Some properties and applications of the stuttering generalized waring distribution
Authors: Panaretos J. 
Published: September 2002

The Stuttering Generalized Waring Distribution arises in connection
with sampling from an urn that contains balls of two colours (black and
white) and it can be thought of as an intermingling of generalized Waring
streams (Panaretos and Xekalaki [4]).Because of its application potential a study of its properties
would be worthwhile. In this paper it is shown that it can be obtained
as a mixture of the generalized Poisson distribution. It is also
demonstrated that, in an urn scheme, increasing the number of balls in the
urn in an appropriate fashion one can end up with a Poisson type or a
negative blnomial type sampling distribution as an approximation
to the stuttering generalized Waring distribution.
The closed neighborhood and filter conditions in solid sequence spaces
Authors: Johnson, P. D. 
Published: September 2002

Let E be a topological vector space of scalar sequences, with topology τ;
(E,τ) satisfies the closed neighborhood condition iff there is a basis of
neighborhoods at the origin, for τ, consisting of sets whlch are closed with respect
to the topology π of coordinate‐wise convergence on E; (E,τ) satisfies the filter
condition iff every filter, Cauchy with respect to τ, convergent with respect
to π, converges with respect to τ.Examples are given of solid (definition below) normed spaces of sequences which
(a) fail to satisfy the filter condition, or (b) satisfy the filter condition, but not
the closed neighborhood condition. (Robertson and others have given examples
fulfilling (a), and examples fulfilling (b), but these examples were not solid, normed
sequence spaces.) However, it is shown that among separated, separable solid
pairs (E,τ), the filter and closed neighborhood conditions are equivalent, and
equivalent to the usual coordinate sequences constituting an unconditional Schauder
basis for (E,τ). Consequently, the usual coordinate sequences do constitute an
unconditional Schauder basis in every complete, separable, separated, solid
pair (E,τ).
Generalized sum‐free subsets
Authors: Caro Yair 
Published: September 2002

Let F = {A(i) : 1 ≤ i ≤ t, t ≥ 2}, be a finite collection of finite, pairwise disjoint subsets of Z+. Let S ⊂ R\{0} and A ⊂ Z+ be finite sets. Denote by SA = {, Si ∈ S, the si are not necessarily distinct}. For S and F as above we say that S is F‐free if for every A(i), A(j) ∈ F, i ≠ j, SA(i) ⋂ SA(j) = ϕ.We prove that for S and F as above, S contains an F‐free subset Q such that |Q| ≥ c(F)|S|, when c(F) is a positive constant depending only on F.This result generalizes earlier results of Erdos [3] and Alon and Kleitman [2], on sum‐free subsets. Several possible extensions are also discussed.
On cat (X\p)
Authors: Perez Juan Julian Rivadeneyra 
Published: September 2002

The Lusternik‐Schnirelmann category of a PL‐manifold does not increase if we delete a point of it. This is false in the CW‐complex category.Corrigendum to
“On cat (X\p)”dx.doi.org/10.1155/S0161171292001066
Determination of global design loads for large high-speed catamarans
Authors: Heggelund S E , Moan T , Oma S 
Published: September 2002

Methods for calculation of design loads for high-speed vessels are investigated. The influence of operational restrictions on design loads is emphasized. Relevant operational criteria for high-speed displacement vessels are discussed. Procedures and criteria for numerical calculation of operational limits are incomplete and should be further investigated. Operational limits and design loads for a 60 m catamaran are calculated on the basis of linear strip theory. Non-linear effects on design loads are assessed from calculations in regular waves. Simplified formulae commonly used by classification societies for prediction of operational limits seem to over-predict the reduction of motions and wave loads at reduced speed. When operational limits typically given by the shipmaster or the operator are used, the design loads found by direct calculations are comparable with design loads given by classification societies. For vertical bending moment and torsion, the use of active foils is found to increase the linear loads. Owing to reduced motions, the foils reduce the non-linear loads and hence the total loads. The effect of non-linear horizontal loads is not investigated but can be important for transverse bending moment.
Homework assignments in couple and family therapy
Authors: Dattilio Frank M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractHomework has been cited as an integral part of a number of theoretical orientations and therapy formats; unfortunately, very little has been written about its use with couples and families. This is despite the fact that many couple and family therapists espouse the use of homework or out‐of‐session assignments in order to help the effects of therapy jell. This article reviews some of the empirical literature on homework assignments and their effectiveness in the domain of therapy for families and couples. It also highlights the effectiveness of and the need for out‐of‐session assignments in treatment. A case illustration is used to demonstrate how homework assignments may be used as a significant change agent in couple and family treatment. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 535–547, 2002.
Multidrug resistance and behavioural phenotype of cancer cells
Authors: Bashir Imtiaz , Sikora Karol , Foster Christopher S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractResistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy is a major obstacle preventing successful treatment of cancer, allowing dissemination of tumour metastases, and may be viewed as the ultimate cause of death in the majority of patients with a malignant disease. Although cytotoxic chemotherapy is classically employed to produce maximal killing of malignant cells, the therapeutic doses of individual drugs required to achieve this objective are, in general, highly toxic to non‐neoplastic host tissues. However, there are several different aspects of cancer cell biology, distinct from their susceptibility to cytotoxicity, that might be exploited in order to alter the behavioral phenotypes of malignant neoplasms. Such features include regulation of cell proliferation, tumorigenicity and metastatic potential Non‐cytotoxic modulation of malignant cells may provide an alternative, and more effective, method of controlling the aggressive behaviour of cancer cells while exhibiting less iatrogenic morbidity and mortality than the therapeutic regimens presently employed.
The influence of maternal nicotine exposure on neonatal lung alveolar epithelial status: an electron microscope study.
Authors: Maritz G. S. , Scott L. , Thomas R‐A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of maternal nicotine exposure (1 mg nicotine/kg body mass/day) on neonatal lung alveolar epithelial cells. Rats (Wistar descendants) were used. The data illustrate that maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation resulted in alveolar fenestrations, blebbing and rupturing of the blood‐air barrier. The type I pneumocyte appears to be more sensitive to the effect of nicotine than the type II pneumocytes.
Adhesion characteristics of chondrocytes cultured separately and in co‐cultures with synovial fibroblasts.
Authors: Nevo Zvi , Silver Jonathan , Chorev Yochanan , Riklis Irena , Robinson Dror , Yosipovitch Zvi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe present study was designed to investigate the adherence mechanism(s) and behaviour of cultured chondrocytes under various culturing conditions, co‐culturing with fibroblasts, or growth in the presence of conditioned medium either of fibroblasts or chondrocytes. The findings obtained indicate that chondrocyte time‐adhesion curves and the final percentiles of attached cells to a plastic substrate are much slower and lower respectively than those of anchorage dependent cell types. The poorest adhesion occurs employing chondrocytes originated from suspension cultures, as compared to chondrocytes grown in monolayers. No interference with chondrocyte adhesion was found by inhibiting the production of proteoglycan (PG). Puromycin and to a lesser degree actinomycin but not cytosine arabinoside interfered with chondrocyte adhesion, suggesting the importance of protein synthesis in this process.The nature of proadhesion modifying molecules in synoviocytes conditioned media and antiadhesive agents in chondrocyte conditioned media suggests that both substances are heat labile, non‐dialyzable, protein containing factors.
Apoptosis or programmed cell death?
Authors: Bowen Ivor D. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAlthough there are different ways in which cells may die, it is now thought that in a developmental context cells are induced to positively commit suicide whilst in a homeostatic context the absence of certain survival factors may provide the impetus for suicide. There appears to be some variation in the morphology and indeed the biochemistry of these suicide pathways; some treading the path of "apoptosis", others following a more generalized pathway to deletion, but both usually being genetically and synthetically motivated. There is some evidence that certain symptoms of "apoptosis" such as endonuclease activation can be spuriously induced without engaging a genetic cascade, however, presumably true apoptosis and programmed cell death must be genetically mediated. It is also becoming clear that mitosis and apoptosis are toggled or linked in some way and that the balance achieved depends on signals received from appropriate growth or survival factors.