bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Validity Of Low Dose CT KUB In Demonstration Of Genitourinary Tract Calculi Compared To Normal Dose Ct Kub: A Provisional Study
Authors: Batool Fizza , Rehman Hina , Mughal Hina Haneef , Rauf Kashif , Zia Khadija , Abbas Farhat 
Published: November 2023

Objective: Renal colic is a common clinical condition. Our objective is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of low dose CT KUB for detection of urinary stones, to minimize radiation dose to the patients, and to analyze diagnostic accuracy of LDCT KUB in comparison to standard dose CT KUB. We speculate the LDCT KUB may reduce patient radiation dose while maintaining diagnostic value.
Materials and Methods: This comparative cross sectional validation study was conducted at Department of Radiology in Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi June 2021 to Feb 2022. After approval of hospital ethical committee, a sample of 49 kidneys of 31 patients was collected by non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Included were the patients diagnosed with renal calculi referred from other departments. All the included patients were scanned by Toshiba Aquilion 16 slices, using automated tube current modulation, without any oral or IV contrast. CT scan started from diaphragm down to pubic symphysis with standard dose CT (SDCT) followed by low dose CT (LDCT). After the data was recorded, statistical package for social sciences, version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) was used to analyse the data and generate results. Mean + standard deviation was calculated for qualitative data while frequency and percentage for qualitative variables. The means were compared by independent sample t test while the agreement between standard and low dose was depicted by kappa value.
Results: A total of 49 kidneys of 31 patients with renal stones was included in this study. The mean age of the patients ranged from 27 years to 48 years with a mean of 36.42 + 9.97 year. In gender distribution, 75.5 % (37) were male while 24.5 % (12) were females. More than half 59 % (29) were right while 41 % (20) were left kidneys.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that LDCT was a productive and effective technique in the detection of urothelial stones despite considerable reduction in radiation dose and exposure as seen in SDCT.
Estimating Distances from Parallaxes. VI. A Method for Inferring Distances and Transverse Velocities from Parallaxes and Proper Motions Demonstrated on Gaia Data Release 3
Authors: Bailer-Jones C. A. L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The accuracy of stellar distances inferred purely from parallaxes degrades rapidly with distance. Proper motion measurements, when combined with some idea of typical velocities, provide independent information on stellar distances. Here, I build a direction- and distance-dependent model of the distribution of stellar velocities in the Galaxy, then use this together with parallaxes and proper motions to infer kinegeometric distances and transverse velocities for stars in Gaia DR3. Using noisy simulations, I assess the performance of the method and compare its accuracy to purely parallax-based (geometric) distances. Over the whole Gaia catalog, kinegeometric distances are on average 1.25 times more accurate than geometric ones. This average masks a large variation in the relative performance, however. Kinegeometric distances are considerably better than geometric ones beyond several kpc, for example. On average, kinegeometric distances can be measured to an accuracy of 19% and velocities (

v

α
*

2

+

v

δ

2

) to 16 km s−1 (median absolute deviations). In Gaia DR3, kinegeometric distances are smaller than geometric ones on average for distant stars, but the pattern is more complex in the bulge and disk. With the much more accurate proper motions expected in Gaia DR5, a further improvement in the distance accuracy by a factor of (only) 1.35 on average is predicted (with kinegeometric distances still 1.25 times more accurate than geometric ones). The improvement attained from proper motions is limited by the width of the velocity prior, in a way that the improvement from better parallaxes is not limited by the width of the distance prior.
HST FUV Spectroscopy of Super Star Cluster A in the Green Pea Analog Mrk 71: Revealing the Presence of Very Massive Stars
Authors: Smith Linda J. , Oey M. S. , Hernandez Svea , Ryon Jenna , Leitherer Claus , Charlot Stephane , Bruzual Gustavo , Calzetti Daniela , Chu You-Hua , Hayes Matthew J. , James Bethan L. , Jaskot Anne E. , Östlin Göran 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mrk 71 is a low-metallicity (Z = 0.16 Z
☉) starburst region in the local dwarf galaxy NGC 2366, hosting two super star clusters (SSCs A and B), and it is recognized as a Green Pea (GP) analog with SSC A responsible for the GP properties. We present STIS and FOS far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectra of the embedded SSC Mrk 71-A obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. The STIS FUV spectrum shows the characteristic features of very massive stars (VMS; masses >100 M
⊙) and we derive an age of 1 ± 1 Myr by comparison with the Charlot & Bruzual suite of spectral population synthesis models with upper mass limits of 300 and 600 M
⊙. We compare the STIS spectrum with all known SSC spectra exhibiting VMS signatures: NGC 5253-5, R136a, NGC 3125-A1, and the z = 2.37 Sunburst cluster. We find that the cluster mass-loss rates and wind velocities, as characterized by the C iv P Cygni profiles and the He ii emission line strengths, are very similar over Z = 0.16–0.4 Z☉. This agrees with predictions that the optically thick winds of VMS will be enhanced near the Eddington limit and show little metallicity dependence. We find very strong damped Lyα absorption with N(H i) =1022.2 cm−2 associated with Mrk 71-A. We discuss the natal environment of this young SSC in terms of radiatively driven winds, catastrophic cooling, and recent models where the cluster is surrounded by highly pressurized clouds with large neutral columns.
A Spectroscopic Survey of Lyα Emitters and Lyα Luminosity Function at Redshifts 3.7 and 4.8
Authors: Liu Weiyang , Jiang Linhua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We present a spectroscopic survey of Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z ∼ 3.7 and z ∼ 4.8. The LAEs are selected using the narrowband technique based on the combination of deep narrowband and broadband imaging data in two deep fields, and then spectroscopically confirmed with the MMT multifiber spectrograph Hectospec. The sample consists of 71 LAEs at z ∼ 3.7 and 69 LAEs at z ∼ 4.8 over ∼1.5 deg2, making it one of the largest spectroscopically confirmed samples of LAEs at the two redshifts. Their Lyα luminosities are measured using the secure redshifts and deep photometric data, and span a range of ∼1042.5–1043.6 erg s−1, so these LAEs represent the most luminous galaxies at the redshifts in terms of Lyα luminosity. We estimate and correct sample incompletenesses and derive reliable Lyα luminosity function (LFs) at z ∼ 3.7 and 4.8 based on the two spectroscopic samples. We find that our Lyα LFs are roughly consistent (within a factor of 2−3) with previous measurements at similar redshifts that were derived from either photometric samples or spectroscopic samples. By comparing with previous studies in different redshifts, we find that the Lyα LFs decrease mildly from z ∼ 3.1 to z ∼ 5.7, supporting the previous claim of the slow LF evolution between z ∼ 2 and z ∼ 6. At z > 5.7, the LF declines rapidly toward higher redshift, partly due to the effect of cosmic reionization.
Chapitre 1. Bioéthique et Droits de l’homme : historique comparé entre l’Europe et l’Amérique latine aux XVIII e et XIX e siècles
Authors: Comiti Vincent-Pierre 
Published: November 2023

Dans ce travail sont abordées, les agressions dont furent victimes les « Peuples premiers » Une analyse de la place de « Dame Nature » au sein de la pensée humaine suggère l’importance de respecter cette dernière. Ce respect est un fondement important du respect des droits humains, comme l’est la prise de conscience de, sans cesse, lutter contre la pauvreté et considérer tous les êtres humains comme totalement égaux.
Négociation patriarcale ? L’impasse de la dépénalisation de l’avortement en cas de viol en Équateur
Authors: Mancero Acosta Mónica Patricia , Robert Garance 
Published: November 2023

Cet article cherche à élucider le sens des actions menées par les femmes membres de l’assemblée nationale équatorienne appartenant au mouvement politique Alianza País , à la tête du gouvernement de 2005 à 2017. À cette fin, j’examine un événement qui a provoqué d’extrêmes tensions entre le féminisme et les positions conservatrices au sein du mouvement politique au pouvoir. Cette impasse s’est matérialisée dans le débat parlementaire relatif à la dépénalisation de l’avortement en cas de viol, dans le cadre de la promulgation d’un nouveau code pénal. Nous tentons de comprendre si les députées féministes ont tenté d’instaurer un processus de négociation patriarcale ou si leur attitude relève davantage de la soumission aux ordres du président Rafael Correa. Je tente d’illustrer un paradoxe : si les femmes ont certes accédé à la représentation politique, elles ne sont pas parvenues à imposer leurs arguments dans la sphère législative.
La réponse conservatrice à la dépénalisation de l’avortement en Uruguay
Authors: Rivera-Vélez Luis 
Published: November 2023

En Uruguay, le virage politique vers la droite en 2020 a remis la question de l’avortement à l’ordre du jour politique. Si la loi de 2012 dépénalisant l’avortement répond aux objectifs de santé publique qu’elle a fixés, le nouveau président a voulu mettre en place une politique anti-avortement sans modifier le texte de loi. Comment cela est-il possible ? Le but de cet article est de montrer que la lutte contre l’avortement n’implique pas une abrogation de la politique publique mais une déviation de ses objectifs, en remplaçant la défense des droits des femmes par une politique nataliste qui décourage les femmes d’avorter. Cette substitution est possible parce que : 1) le texte de loi avait déjà relégué l’autonomie des femmes à une position secondaire ; 2) la mise en œuvre de la politique publique a entraîné une procédure d’avortement fastidieuse et dépendante de la bonne volonté du corps médical ; et 3) des pressions idéologiques et électorales poussent le gouvernement à condamner publiquement les femmes qui avortent tout en promouvant une politique d’encouragement de la natalité. La réaction conservatrice ( backlash ) du gouvernement uruguayen est originale dans la mesure où elle est exercée par le pouvoir exécutif, plutôt que par le parlement ou les tribunaux.
La racialisation d’une politique publique : le contrôle de la natalité à La Réunion (années 1960-1970)
Authors: Paris Myriam 
Published: November 2023

Alors qu’en France, dans les années 1960 et 1970, les féministes affrontent une politique nataliste réprimant contraception et avortements, leurs homologues réunionnaises font face à une politique publique dite de « régulation des naissances » axée sur la réduction de la fécondité d’une population jugée surnuméraire par une multitude d’acteurs politiques, scientifiques et institutionnels. Cette politique antinataliste, contraire à la législation française, s’appuie principalement sur deux organisations : l’AREP (Association réunionnaise d’éducation populaire) et l’AROF (Association réunionnaise d’orientation familiale) réunissant notamment des notabilités politiques, économiques et des médecins. Basé sur l’examen des rapports que les protagonistes de ces associations, principalement des médecins, ont adressé aux autorités encadrant leur action, cet article met d’abord en lumière le rôle décisif de ces acteurs intermédiaires dans la production de catégories racialisées d’action publique. Il analyse comment leur prisme de genre, de race, de classe détermine les orientations et les modalités coercitives de l’action publique mise en œuvre, ciblant les Réunionnaises pauvres et minorisées racialement. Il s’agit ensuite d’étudier, à partir de leur presse militante, comment les militantes de l’Union des femmes de La Réunion, organisation réunissant majoritairement des femmes ciblées par l’action antinataliste, se sont positionnées et mobilisées contre le contrôle racialisé de leur fécondité. L’article examine la manière dont la mobilisation de ces intermédiaires minorisées a, à la fin des années 1970, contribué à infléchir l’action publique en contraignant les médecins qui la mettaient en œuvre à limiter leurs pratiques d’exception.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO PERFIL DOS PACIENTES ADMITIDOS EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA DE UM HOSPITAL DO NOROESTE DO PARANÁ
Authors: Faion Malagutti Elisangela Maria , DE SOUZA HERREIRO KETLYN , Do Prado Ferreira Letícia Salete 
Published: November 2023

RESUMO: O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar o perfil dos pacientes admitidos na UTI de um hospital do noroeste do Paraná, e para isso, foi utilizada uma amostra de 520 pacientes, do ano de 2022. Como resultado, foi analisado que a maioria dos pacientes eram homens (56,9%), a média de idade foi de 64 anos, o SAPS 3 foi de 31,3% e permanência em UTI de cerca de 6 dias, a maior causa de internação foi por motivos clínicos (67,5%) e como desfecho de internação verificou-se uma maioria por alta (436 pacientes). Conclui-se que os pacientes que necessitaram de cuidados intensivos no HMU em 2022 são em sua maioria idosos do sexo masculino, admitidos por causas clínicas, que permaneceram menos de uma semana internados e em sua maioria, sobreviveram à doença crítica.
Palavras-chave: Unidade de Terapia Intensiva; Pacientes Internados.
Caracterização das ocorrências de atropelamentos na cidade de Maringá-PR
Authors: Biondo Zelleroff Anna Victoria , Souza Pereira Robson , Fernandes Simone 
Published: November 2023

O Acidente de Trânsito (AT) é caracterizado como um evento ocorrido em vias públicas devido ao trânsito de veículos e pessoas. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o perfil de ocorrências no período de um ano na cidade de Maringá – PR. Foi utilizado a base de dados dos bombeiros a qual é aberta ao público, nomeada por Sysbm Imprensa. O total de ocorrências em atropelamentos no município em questão, foi de 160 totalizando 181 vítimas. Encontramos através da análise dos dados a predominância no sexo masculino, com a idade entre 20 a 59 anos, com ferimentos leves totalizando 101 (55,80%), com apenas 2 óbitos (1,10%) causados por carros ou motocicletas. Os períodos que ocorreram os atropelamentos, tiveram o maior percentual no período da noite com 37,57%, seguindo do período da tarde com 34,25%. Por meio deste estudo pudemos observar que no período de um ano, o predomínio das ocorrências de atropelamentos em Maringá foi em pessoas da faixa etária entre 20 a 59 anos, sexo masculino, e as ocorrências predominaram entre acidentes com carros e motocicletas.
Medical Students’ Attitudes toward Psychiatry at a Teaching Institute in North India: A Qualitative Pilot Study
Authors: Verma Nitisha , Yadav Mokshika , Kumar Sudhir , Kar Sujita Kumar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
Medical students must embrace psychiatry and psychiatric illnesses with a positive outlook if we are to bridge the massive treatment gap for psychiatric illnesses. The opinions of medical students toward psychiatry have been investigated in several quantitative research carried out in India. Qualitative research is lacking, making it difficult to comprehend students’ perspectives. Hence, we created this qualitative study.

Methods:
We conducted online one-on-one in-depth interviews with three final-year students and two interns in this pilot study. The data were examined using content analysis. In addition, the most frequent codes were found using word cloud analysis.

Results:
Participants reported that students would get more knowledge about psychiatry if it is made a compulsory examination subject in the MBBS.

Conclusion:
The preliminary findings suggest that medical graduates mostly perceive psychiatry as a promising branch and feel that psychiatry as a branch will get its due importance if it is made a major subject in the medical curriculum.
Overcoming Financial and Social Barriers during COVID-19: A Medical Student-led Medical Education Innovation
Authors: Oguntala Julianah O. , Mahmood Farhan , Henoud Claudine , Pierre-Louis Libny Lahelle , Fuad Asli , Okafor Ike 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Underrepresented minorities in medicine (URMM) may face financial and social limitations when applying to medical schools. The computer-based assessment for sampling personal characteristics (CASPER) test is used by many medical schools to assess the nonacademic competencies of applicants. Performance on CASPER can be enhanced by coaching and mentorship, which URMMs often lack, for affordability reasons, when applying to medical schools.

Methods:
The CASPER Preparation Program (CPP) is a free, online, 4-week program to help URMM prepare for the CASPER test. CPP features free medical ethics resources, homework and practice tests, and feedback from tutors. Two of CPPs major objectives include relieving URMM of financial burdens and increasing their accessibility to mentorship during the COVID-19 pandemic. A program evaluation was conducted using anonymous, voluntary postprogram questionnaires to assess CPPs efficacy in achieving the aforementioned objectives.

Results:
Sixty URMMs completed the survey. The majority of the respondents strongly agreed or agreed that CPP relieves students of financial burden (97%), is beneficial for applicants with low-socioeconomic statuses (98%), provides students with resources they could not afford (n = 55; 92%), and enables access to mentors during the pandemic (90%).

Discussion:
Pathway coaching programs, such as the CASPER Preparation Program, have the potential to offer URMMs mentorship and financial relief, and increase their confidence and familiarity with standardized admission tests to help them matriculate into medical schools.
Retroperitoneal germ cell tumor, primary or secondary: A diagnostic conundrum
Authors: Singh Surabhi , Mohanty Pranita , Das Prateek , Mohapatra Debahuti , Sahoo Pradyumna Kumar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Germ cell tumor, seminoma, is the most common cancer in young men’s testis. However, a small subset of tumors (1%–2%) originate in other locations and are referred to as primary extragonadal germ cell tumors. But such type of tumors’ origin is thought to be controversial as a significant bulk may represent metastases from primary occult/regressed testicular germ cell tumors. The entire primary extragonadal germ cell tumor is mostly non-seminomatous and present in higher ages than primary testicular germ cell tumors, most of which are seminoma. A 50-year-old male presented with a brief history of abdominal pain for 10 days. Ultrasonography of his abdomen revealed multiple enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Biopsy and immunohistochemistry of the left iliac node showed features consistent with metastatic seminoma. Ultrasound of the left testis showed a hypoechoic lesion. Positron emission tomography scan showed increased tracer uptake in both the testes without any abnormal enhancing mass lesion and increased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. A high left inguinal orchidectomy revealed no tumor but a fibrotic scar tissue showing atrophic and ghost tubules, dense lymphoplasmacytic cells, and increased vascularity, implying regressed (burnt-out) seminoma. Regression of testicular seminoma shows a distinct constellation of findings permitting its diagnosis as a primary testicular tumor, which is imminent from a prognostic and therapeutic perspective.
Internet addiction and its mental health correlates among Indian medical graduate students in Rajasthan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Prakash Prem , Meena Parth Singh , Kumar Ashok , Jilowa Charan Singh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
Internet addiction (IA) can affect young students’ professional development and jeopardize long-term career goals.

Aim:
This study aimed to assess the proportion of medical graduate students having IA and to study the association of IA with stress, anxiety, and depression.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional, web-based study was done in a medical college from August 2021 to December 2021. Categorical data were presented as proportion, and continuous data as mean values and standard deviation (SD). The chi-square test, Spearman correlation test, and multivariate logistic regression were applied for statistical analysis.

Results:
The participants’ mean (SD) age was 20.8 (1.171) years. The prevalence of IA was 52.8%. Most participants (40%) had mild IA, 11.4% had moderate IA, and 1.2% had severe IA. About 11.9% of participants had stress, 28.6% had depression, and 54.7% had anxiety. IA was found to be significantly correlated with stress (r = 0.58, P < 0.01), depression (r = 0.63, P < 0.01), and anxiety (r = 0.59, P < 0.01). The multivariate regression models showed that age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.32, P = 0.002), current residence (AOR = 6.30 and 2.23, P < 0.01, 0.035), age at the time of initiation of internet use (AOR = 0.90, P = 0.046), stress (AOR = 1.19, P < 0.01), depression (AOR = 1.28, P < 0.01), and anxiety (AOR = 1.28, P < 0.01) were independent predictors of IA.

Conclusion:
Indian medical graduate students had a higher prevalence of IA, and IA was associated with stress, depression, and anxiety. Provisions for periodic mental health counseling and therapeutic intervention for affected students should be made. Follow-up studies should be done to assess the cause-effect relationship between these variables.
Interplay between coagulopathy and inflammation in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Prisi Shailata , Khurana Vatsala , Goswami Binita 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a systemic disease. Most patients have mild-to-moderate symptoms; however, severe respiratory symptoms develop in some. Although increased inflammatory markers and abnormal coagulation profile are related to the severity and mortality of COVID-19, no definitive relation has been established.

Materials and Methods:
The laboratory data of 199 patients with COVID-19 admitted to our dedicated COVID-19 care facility, categorized into mild (36), moderate (76), and severe (87) cases, were analyzed for a statistical association between the inflammatory markers and coagulation profile. IBM SPSS V23 software, Chicago, was used for data analysis.

Results:
A gradual increase in serum IL-6, ferritin, and D-dimer levels were observed from mild, moderate, and severe categories with statistically significant differences among all three groups. A positive correlation was observed between serum IL-6 and D-dimer (r
2 = 0.36, P < 0.01) only in the severe group. Among the three parameters, D-dimer had the best discriminating ability between severe and nonsevere disease with a serum cutoff level of 451 ng/mL.

Conclusion:
Thrombin has pro-inflammatory action. Similarly, IL-6 induces the release of acute-phase reactants like fibrinogen. Because of this interplay, patients with severe COVID-19 are at a dual risk of inflammatory and thromboembolic complications and must be monitored stringently.