bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of ZnO morphology on the capability of portable paper‐based electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to determine therapeutic drugs in complex matrices
Authors: Zhang Yan , Huang Yajie , Li Yun , Zhang Zhiming , Zuo Qianqian , Zheng Yajun , Zhang Zhiping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdsorbents play a significant role in enhancing the analytical sensitivity of target analytes in complex samples by mitigating matrix effects. In our recent report, ZnO stood out among various adsorbents to determine target therapeutic drugs in complex biological matrices when applied for portable paper‐based electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PPESI‐MS). However, the influence of the morphology of ZnO on the performance of PPESI‐MS is elusive. Herein, different morphologies of ZnO particles were prepared via co‐precipitation or ultrasonic methods, and their capability to determine different therapeutic drugs in serum were systemically investigated. The results demonstrated that flower‐shaped ZnO gave a superior capacity, and its analysis sensitivity was 2.9–12.8‐fold higher than those achieved with other ZnO morphologies. Further characterization revealed that the unique performance of flower‐shaped ZnO was closely associated with its favorable desorption behavior to drugs, small spray plume, and few spray emitters at the tip of coated paper substrate. To illustrate the potential of flower‐shaped ZnO, its coated paper was used as a substrate for the determination of various drugs in complex matrices such as serum, and a limit of detection as low as 2 pg mL−1 was achieved. The corresponding recoveries ranged from 93.2% to 107.2%. The developed protocol is promising in high‐sensitivity analysis of target drugs in complex sample matrices.
Affective processes underlying restrictive eating in atypical anorexia nervosa: Comparisons to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa using ecological momentary assessment
Authors: Biçaker Ege , Trolio Vittoria , Miller Alexia E. , Zhu Lisa Y. , White Chloe , Racine Sarah E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveCertain symptom and risk/maintenance factor similarities between individuals with atypical anorexia nervosa (AN) and ‘typical’ AN have been documented, but few studies have investigated how atypical AN compares to bulimia nervosa (BN). Further, the role of affective mechanisms in maintaining restrictive eating in atypical AN has not been examined. The current study investigated whether atypical AN resembles AN and/or BN on affect‐related processes using questionnaires and ecological momentary assessment (EMA).MethodWomen with atypical AN (n = 24), AN‐restrictive subtype, (n = 27), AN‐binge eating/purging subtype (n = 34), and BN (n = 58) completed questionnaires measuring depressive symptoms and emotion regulation difficulties. They also completed a 14‐day EMA protocol during which they reported negative and positive affect and skipped meals five times/day (signal‐contingent surveys) and restrictive eating after meals/snacks (event‐contingent surveys).ResultsDiagnostic groups generally did not differ on questionnaire measures nor affective patterns surrounding restrictive eating behaviors. Momentary changes in affect did not predict or follow restriction at meals/snacks, though higher momentary negative affect ratings predicted skipped meals, and higher positive affect was reported after skipped meals. Greater average negative affect and lower average positive affect predicted both restrictive eating behaviors.DiscussionAcross diagnoses, reductions in food intake do not appear to be influenced by momentary changes in affect, though skipping meals may serve an emotion regulation function. Atypical AN seems to resemble AN and BN on affective processes underlying restrictive eating, raising further questions regarding the unique diagnosis of atypical AN.Public SignificanceThough atypical anorexia appears to strongly resemble anorexia nervosa, it is less clear how this disorder relates to bulimia nervosa. It is further unknown whether affective‐related processes underlie restrictive eating in atypical anorexia nervosa, and how these processes compare to those in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Results suggest that atypical anorexia does not differ from anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa on emotion‐related measures, nor in affective patterns surrounding restrictive eating behaviors.
Promoting NIR‐Driven Luminescence Activity of Calcium zinc galliumate via Energy Transfer from Mn4+ to Ho3+ for Second Biological Window
Authors: Fan Yan , Li Zhengzhang , Zhang Shaoan , Al‐Hada Naif Mohammed , Lin Xiaohui , Li Chonghui , Lv Yang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNIR luminescent materials are widely available for biological applications, and the NIR emitting of Ho3+ ions has received widespread attention in the second biological window. In this work, Ca14Zn6Ga10O35 : Mn4+,Ho3+ luminescent materials were synthesized using a high temperature solid state method. Optical properties and energy transfer mechanisms have studied in detail. Upon UV‐vis light excitation, the Mn single doped Ca14Zn6Ga10O35 phosphors exhibit deep red and NIR emission centered at 712 and 1151 nm assigned to Mn4+ and Mn5+, respectively. Another stronger NIR emitting peaked at 1195 nm occurs when the Ho3+ ion is co‐doped into Ca14Zn6Ga10O35 : Mn4+. The energy transfer from Mn4+ to Ho3+ ion is performed through a resonant type by a dipole‐dipole interaction mechanism. In addition, the thermal stability of Ca14Zn6Ga10O35 : Mn4+,Ho3+ phosphor has been investigated, and the NIR emission of Ho3+ ion maintains more than half the strength at 423 K. The findings indicate that the as‐prepared Ca14Zn6Ga10O35 : Mn4+,Ho3+ luminescent materials hold promise for potential applications in the second biological window.
The mental health needs of healthcare workers: When evidence does not guide policy. A comparative assessment of selected European countries
Authors: Kuhlmann Ellen , Falkenbach Michelle , Brînzac Monica‐Georgiana , Correia Tiago , Panagioti Maria , Ungureanu Marius‐Ionut 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe healthcare workforce (HCWF) globally is facing high stress levels and deteriorating mental health due to workplace, labour market and policy deficiencies that further exacerbate the existing crisis. However, comprehensive and effective action is missing.AimsWe adopt a health system and governance perspective to address the mental health needs of healthcare workers (HCWs), considering the nature of interventions and the levels and actors involved in governance. The aim is to move the debate forward by identifying governance gaps hampering the implementation of health workforce policies and exploring strategies to effectively increase mental health support.Material and MethodsA qualitative comparative methodology is applied based on a case study design utilising a multi‐level intersectoral governance matrix. We conducted a rapid assessment of HCWF developments in the European context (Germany, Portugal, Romania, Switzerland and the United Kingdom), drawing on secondary sources and country experts.Results and DiscussionAwareness of mental health threats among HCWs increased, but policy discourse is driven by service delivery and labour market demands. The attention to HCWs' needs is stronger on the international level and weakest at national/regional levels. Although organisations and professions demonstrate varying degrees of activity, their efforts are scattered and lack sustainability. Similar challenges were identified across healthcare systems, including limited action, disconnected actors, missing coordination, and a lack of attention to governance gaps and system weaknesses.ConclusionAdopting a health system approach is important but not sufficient. Successful mental health policy implementation needs multi‐level governance and coherent coordination mechanisms.
Nomogram for predicting bleeding events in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients receiving rivaroxaban: A retrospective study
Authors: Cao Chang , Xu Yijiao , Jiang Weiwen , Wu Shujing , Shen Yun , Xia Xiaotong , Wang Lumin , Zhang Huijun , Jiang Hongni , Li Xiaoyu , Li Xiaoye , Ye Yanrong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsTo construct a bleeding events prediction model of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients receiving rivaroxaban.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study in patients with NVAF who received rivaroxaban from June 2017 to March 2019. Demographic information and clinical characteristics were obtained from the electronic medical system. Univariate analysis was used to find the primary predictive factors of bleeding events in patients receiving rivaroxaban. Multiple analysis was conducted to screen the primary independent predictive factors selected from the univariate analysis. Finally, the independent influencing factors were applied to build a prediction model by using R software; then, a nomogram was established according to the selected variables visually, and the sensitivity and specificity of the model was evaluated.ResultsTwelve primary predictive factors were selected by univariate analysis from 46 variables, and multivariate analysis showed that older age, higher prothrombin time (PT) values, history of heart failure and stroke were independent risk factors of bleeding events. The area under curve (AUC) for this novel nomogram model was 0.828 (95% CI: 0.763–0.894). The mean AUC over 10‐fold stratified cross‐validation was 0.787, and subgroup analysis validation also showed a satisfied AUC. In addition, the decision curve analysis showed that the PT in combination with CHA2DS2‐VASc and HASBLED was more practical and accurate for predicting bleeding events than using CHA2DS2‐VASc and HASBLED alone.ConclusionsPT in combination with CHA2DS2‐VASc and HASBLED could be considered as a more practical and accurate method for predicting bleeding events in patients taking rivaroxaban.
Diagnostic accuracy of barium enema versus full‐thickness rectal biopsy in children with clinically suspected Hirschsprung's disease: A comparative cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hailemariam Tesfahunegn , Bekele Abenezer Kebede , Manyazewal Tsegahun , Solomon Daniel Zewdneh , Gorfu Yocabel , Shiwarega Zelalem , Getinet Tewodros , Wole Meti , Solomon Samrawit , Hailu Samuel Sisay 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsHirschsprung's disease (HSD) remains a common cause of pediatric intestinal obstruction. Barium contrast enema (BE) is the primary imaging modality for the evaluation of clinically suspected cases. Here, we aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of BE in children with clinically suspected HSD when compared to a gold standard full‐thickness rectal biopsy (FTRB).MethodsWe recruited and consecutively enrolled children with clinically suspected HSD at two tertiary teaching hospitals. Participants underwent BE imaging and two radiologists interpreted the findings independently. Participants further underwent FTRB by pediatric surgeons as the confirmatory test. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) with the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated on Stata version 14.2, taking FTRB as the standard.ResultsWe enrolled 55 cases, of which 49 completed the evaluation and were included in the final analysis. The median age was 9.4 months (interquartile range: 2–24], with a male‐to‐female ratio of 4.4:1. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of BE were 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.81–0.99]), 0.73 (95% CI [0.39–0.94]), 0.92 (95% CI [0.82–0.97]), and 0.80 (95% CI [0.50–0.94]), respectively. On AUC, the diagnostic accuracy of BE compared to the confirmatory FTRB was 0.84 (95% CI [0.69–0.98]). The diagnostic accuracy was higher in neonates (ROC: 1.00) when compared to infants (ROC: 0.83) or those above 1 year of age (ROC: 0.798). HSD‐suggestive BE findings were associated with absence of ganglion cells on FTRB (χ2 = 23.301,p < 0.001). Inverted rectosigmoid ratio and transition zone were more sensitive in detecting HSD of 0.92 (95% CI [0.74–0.98]) and 0.81 (95% CI [0.63–0.92]), respectively.ConclusionBE is sufficiently accurate in the diagnosis of children with HSD, suggesting BE would likely be used to inform surgical management in settings where confirmatory biopsy is lacking. However, clinical judgment is warranted in interpreting negative BE findings.
Enhanced thermal performance and entropy generation analysis in a novel cavity design with circular cylinder
Authors: Saha Bijan Krishna , Jihan Jahidul Islam , Ahammad Md. Zobaer , Saha Goutam , Saha Suvash C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAnalyzing fluid dynamics and heat transfer holds significant importance in the design and enhancement of engineering systems. The current investigation utilizes the finite element method to explore natural convection and heat transfer intricacies within a novel cavity containing an inner circular cylinder under steady and laminar flow conditions. The principal aim of this study is to assess the impact of Rayleigh number (Ra), Bejan number (Be), and the presence of adiabatic, hot, and cold cylinders on heat transfer, entropy generation, and fluid flow. The range of Ra considered in this investigation spans from 103 to 106, while the Prandtl number for the air is fixed at 0.71. The findings illustrate that the presence of a cylinder leads to higher Be as Ra increase, compared to scenarios where no cylinder is present. This observation suggests that buoyancy forces dominate in the absence of a cylinder, resulting in significantly enhanced convective heat transfer efficiency. However, the presence of a heated cylinder within the tooth‐shaped cavity exerts a substantial influence on the overall thermal performance of the system. Notably, the average Nusselt Number (Nu) experiences a remarkable increase of 41.97% under the influence of a heated cylinder, when compared to situations where a cold cylinder is present. This elevated average Nu signifies improved heat transfer characteristics, ultimately resulting in an overall improvement in the thermal system's efficiency.
In silico, in vitro, and in vivo validation of a microwave imaging system using a low‐profile Ultra Wide Band Archimedean spiral antenna to detect skin cancer
Authors: Kaur Komalpreet , Kaur Amanpreet 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMicrowave imaging (MI) is a noninvasive and nonionizing procedure for detection of cancerous cells in healthy body tissues using radiofrequency (RF) and microwaves. The procedure involves the use of Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antennas for sensing purposes. Therefore, this research article presents the design, development, and testing of a low‐profile UWB Archimedean spiral microstrip‐patch antenna (ASMA) for detection of skin cancer using monostatic radar‐based microwave imaging. The proposed ASMA consists of a spiral resonator with a defective ground structure and a slotted microstrip feed line with dimensions of 38 × 38 × 0.87 mm3. The proposed antenna shows an impedance bandwidth for the frequency range of 2.2–13.9 GHz, with a peak gain of 6.8 dB at 7.8 GHz. In silico analysis of the proposed ASMA for MI is carried out with Gaustav model using Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio. To validate the performance of the ASMA as a sensor for MI, a prototype of the same is fabricated and a four‐layered bio‐phantom of the human forearm is prepared for in vitro and in vivo testing of the proposed procedure. The validation of ASMA radiation properties is done using a Vector Network Analyser (E‐5063A) (VNA) and an anechoic chamber with the fabricated antenna at 10 mm away from the prepared bio‐phantom. The recorded S parameter data with bio‐phantom and the VNA is processed using different beamforming algorithms like Delay and Sum and Coherent Factor‐Delay Multiply and Sum (CF‐DMAS) to reconstruct the image of the scanned area. The reconstructed images are 97%–98% accurate. The proposed ASMA sensor is also safe for human exposure as it has a specific absorption rate of 0.0546 W/Kg at 5 GHz that complies with the safety guidelines of the Federal Communications Commission to minimize potential health risks associated with exposure to RF and microwave radiation.
Genetic variations in IKZF3, LET7‐a2, and CDKN2B‐AS1: Exploring associations with metabolic syndrome susceptibility and clinical manifestations
Authors: Paniri Alireza , Hosseini Mohammad Mahdi , Fattahi Sadegh , Amiribozorgi Galia , Asouri Mohsen , Maadi Mansooreh , Motamed Nima , Zamani Farhad , Akhavan‐Niaki Haleh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and aimMetabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of atherosclerosis and diabetes, but there are no approved predictive markers. This study assessed the role of specific genetic variations in MetS susceptibility and their impact on clinical manifestations.MethodIn this study, a genotype–phenotype assessment was performed for IKZF3 (rs907091), microRNA‐let‐7a‐2 (rs1143770), and lncRNA‐CDKN2B‐AS1 (rs1333045).ResultsAnalyses indicate that while rs907091 and rs1143770 may have potential associations with MetS susceptibility and an increased risk of atherosclerosis and diabetes, there is an observed trend suggesting that the rs1333045 CC genotype may be associated with a decreased risk of MetS. The genotypes and allele frequencies of rs1333045 were significantly different between studied groups (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.38–0.81, p = 0.002, and OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.55–0.92, p = 0.008), with the CC genotype displaying increased levels of HDL. Furthermore, the rs907091 TT genotype was associated with increased triglyceride, cholesterol, and HOMA index in MetS patients. Subjects with the CC genotype for rs1143770 had higher HbA1c and BMI. In silico analyses illustrated that rs907091 C remarkably influences the secondary structure and the target site of a broad spectrum of microRNAs, especially hsa‐miR‐4497. Moreover, rs1333045 creates a binding site for seven different microRNAs.ConclusionFurther studies on other populations may help confirm these SNPs as useful predictive markers in assessing the MetS risk.
CGRP is essential for protection against alveolar epithelial cell necroptosis by activating the AMPK/L‐OPA1 signaling pathway during acute lung injury
Authors: Jiang Hui‐Ling , Yang Hui‐Hui , Liu Yu‐Biao , Duan Jia‐Xi , Guan Xin‐Xin , Zhang Chen‐Yu , Zhong Wen‐Jing , Jin Ling , Li Dai , Li Qing , Zhou Yong , Guan Cha‐Xiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlveolar epithelial cell (AEC) necroptosis is critical to disrupt the alveolar barrier and provoke acute lung injury (ALI). Here, we define calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), the most abundant endogenous neuropeptide in the lung, as a novel modulator of AEC necroptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced ALI. Upon LPS‐induced ALI, overexpression of Cgrp significantly mitigates the inflammatory response, alleviates lung tissue damage, and decreases AEC necroptosis. Similarly, CGRP alleviated AEC necroptosis under the LPS challenge in vitro. Previously, we identified that long optic atrophy 1 (L‐OPA1) deficiency mediates mitochondrial fragmentation, leading to AEC necroptosis. In this study, we discovered that CGRP positively regulated mitochondrial fusion through stabilizing L‐OPA1. Mechanistically, we elucidate that CGRP activates AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, the blockade of AMPK compromised the protective effect of CGRP against AEC necroptosis following the LPS challenge. Our study suggests that CRGP‐mediated activation of the AMPK/L‐OPA1 axis may have potent therapeutic benefits for patients with ALI or other diseases with necroptosis.
Extracellular vesicle‐mediated delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complex targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin‐kexin type 9 (Pcsk9) in primary mouse hepatocytes
Authors: Ilahibaks Nazma F. , Kluiver Thomas A. , de Jong Olivier G. , de Jager Saskia C. A. , Schiffelers Raymond M. , Vader Pieter , Peng Weng Chuan , Lei Zhiyong , Sluijter Joost P. G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe loss‐of‐function of the proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin type 9 (Pcsk9) gene has been associated with significant reductions in plasma serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels. Both CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR‐based editor‐mediated Pcsk9 inactivation have successfully lowered plasma LDL‐C and PCSK9 levels in preclinical models. Despite the promising preclinical results, these studies did not report how vehicle‐mediated CRISPR delivery inactivating Pcsk9 affected low‐density lipoprotein receptor recycling in vitro or ex vivo. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promise as a biocompatible delivery vehicle, and CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) has been demonstrated to mediate safe genome editing. Therefore, we investigated EV‐mediated RNP targeting of the Pcsk9 gene ex vivo in primary mouse hepatocytes. We engineered EVs with the rapamycin‐interacting heterodimer FK506‐binding protein (FKBP12) to contain its binding partner, the T82L mutant FKBP12‐rapamycin binding (FRB) domain, fused to the Cas9 protein. By integrating the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein on the EV membrane, the engineered Cas9 EVs were used for intracellular CRISPR/Cas9 RNP delivery, achieving genome editing with an efficacy of ±28.1% in Cas9 stoplight reporter cells. Administration of Cas9 EVs in mouse hepatocytes successfully inactivated the Pcsk9 gene, leading to a reduction in Pcsk9 mRNA and increased uptake of the low‐density lipoprotein receptor and LDL‐C. These readouts can be used in future experiments to assess the efficacy of vehicle‐mediated delivery of genome editing technologies targeting Pcsk9. The ex vivo data could be a step towards reducing animal testing and serve as a precursor to future in vivo studies for EV‐mediated CRISPR/Cas9 RNP delivery targeting Pcsk9.
Role of single and compound Pacific natural variability in extratropical cyclone activity over North America
Authors: Wang Hongsheng , Mullens Esther 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe role of large‐scale natural variability in influencing the distribution of midlatitude storm tracks and extratropical cyclones is well known. However, less understood is how compound natural variability—the concurrence of two modes of variability—influences the geospatial characteristics of extratropical cyclones. Here, we evaluate compound modes of Pacific‐North American variability—ENSO and PNA with the slow varying PDO—on extratropical cyclones over the North American region during 1950–2013, using an automated tracking algorithm applied to the Twentieth Century Reanalysis version 3 data. Seasonal analysis is conducted on spatial statistics including track, genesis and lysis density and some mean fields in varying compound phases. Spatial correlations of track density with seasonal mean of individual variability indices show that the PNA, ENSO and PDO enhance cyclone activity over Pacific storm track significantly while shifting the North American and Atlantic storm tracks in seasons, that is, equatorward in the positive phase. But the decadal variability of PDO moves the Atlantic storm track poleward, particularly in boreal winter. By comparing to the single Pacific variability impacts, compound Pacific variability results demonstrate the dominance of the higher‐frequency modes of ENSO and PNA on extratropical cyclone activity, while the slow varying PDO can modulate the ENSO‐ and PNA‐related cyclone variability. For example, during a negative PNA, cyclones over the North Atlantic become more (less) frequent during a positive (negative) PDO. The in‐phase modes of the PDO and ENSO influence Pacific storm track significantly, increasing (decreasing) cyclone frequency when both are positive (negative) in boreal winter. Results are linked to and used to explain the previous findings on how natural variability influences the occurrence of tornado outbreaks and high precipitation over the southeastern United States, Great Lakes, Ohio Valley and other US regions. Understanding compound variability modulations may be useful to predict extratropical cyclone frequency, development and decay regions seasonally and to study the physical mechanisms of extreme weather events.