bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling phase noise estimation in air borne pulse Doppler RF sensor using range correlation and inline flicker
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Ghosh Jayanta 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this article, a qualitative work has been carried out based on airborne pulsed Doppler (PD) RF sensor consist of its operational requirements in terms of phase noise modeling and associated contributing factors. Precise and efficient theoretical modeling of phase noise requirement for airborne-PD radar or long-range RF sensor is presented. This work also emphasis on the limitation of conventional phase noise modeling practices used for PD RF sensor. An improved equation has been derived for accurate phase noise estimation considering the range correlation effect and inline flicker contribution on residual phase noise requirement. Random vibrations causes increase in phase noise level around low frequency offsets region in local oscillator. The proposed phase noise model is efficient enough to counter phase noise degradation at lower frequency offsets. The proposed model is also experimentally validated. Improved modeling offers benefit in reducing the stringent RF sensor phase noise specifications at close-in frequency offsets using range correlation effect and precise inclusion of inline flicker contribution. Present work can be used to mitigate random vibration effects at close-in phase noise offsets, which avoids complex stabilization practices and stringent oscillator design phase noise specification.
Radiation Belt Electron Acceleration Inside the Plasmasphere
Authors: Hua Man , Bortnik Jacob 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe report a new population of outer belt electron acceleration events ranging from hundreds of keV to ∼1.5 MeV that occurred inside the plasmasphere, which we named “Inside Events” (IEs). Based on 6 year observations from Van Allen Probes, we compare the statistical distributions of IEs with electron acceleration events outside the plasmasphere (OEs). We find that most IEs were observed at L < 4.0 at energies below ∼1.5 MeV, with weaker acceleration ratio (<10) and larger event numbers (peaking value reaching >200), compared to stronger but less frequently occurred (peaking event numbers only reaching ∼80) OEs that were mostly observed at L > 4.0. The evolution of electron phase space density of a typical IE shows signature of inward radial diffusion or transport. Our study provides a feasible mechanism for IE, which is the results of the inward radial transport of the electron acceleration in the outer region of outer belt.
Dual-mode temperature monitoring using high-performance flexible thermocouple sensors based on PEDOT:PSS/CNTs and MXene/Bi2Se3
Authors: Sun Baichuan , Xu Gaobin , Yang Zhaohui , Guan Cunhe , Ji Xu , Chen Shirong , Chen Xing , Ma Yuanming , Feng Jianguo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Due to the limited thermoelectric (TE) performance of polymer materials and the inherent rigidity of inorganic materials, developing low-cost, highly flexible, and high-performance materials for flexible thermocouple sensors (FTCSs) remains challenging. Additionally, dual-mode (contact/non-contact) temperature monitoring in FTCSs is underexplored. This study addresses these issues by using p-type (PEDOT:PSS/CNTs, 2:1) and n-type (MXene/Bi2Se3, 2:1) TE materials applied via screen printing and compression onto a PPSN substrate (paper/PDMS/Si3N₄). The resulting FTCSs exhibit excellent TE properties: electrical conductivities of 61,197.88 S/m (n-type) and 55,697.77 S/m (p-type), Seebeck coefficients of 39.88 μV/K and -29.45 μV/K, and power factors (PFs) of 97.66 μW/mK² and 55.64 μW/mK², respectively. In contact mode, the sensor shows high-temperature sensitivity (S

T
= 379.5 μV/°C), a broad detection range (20-200 °C), high resolution (~0.3 °C), and fast response (~12.6 ms). In non-contact mode, it maintains good sensitivity (S

Tmax
= 52.67 μV/°C), a broad detection range, high resolution (~0.8 °C), and even faster response (~9.8 ms). The sensor also demonstrates strong mechanical durability, maintaining stable performance after 1000 bending cycles. When applied to dual-mode temperature monitoring in wearable devices and lithium batteries, the FTCS shows high accuracy and reliability compared to commercial K-type thermocouples, indicating significant potential for advanced medical monitoring systems and smart home technologies.
Tumor vascular endothelial cells promote immune escape by upregulating PD-L1 expression via crosstalk between NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yan , Chen Yuanyuan , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhao Jingjing , Wang Gongming , Chen Hao , Tang Yan , Ouyang Dijun , Xie Songzuo , You Jinqi , Yang Xinyi , Li Minxing , Xia Jianchuan , Xiang Tong , Weng Desheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Aberrant vascular systems are significant indicators of cancer and play pivotal roles in tumor immunomodulation. However, the role of PD-L1 expressed on vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in the tumor immune microenvironment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), as well as its correlation with patient prognosis, remains unclear. According to in vitro experiments conducted in our research, NPC tumor supernatants could upregulate PD-L1 expression on HUVECs, and the upregulated PD-L1 could bind to PD-1 on T cells leading to diminished T cell killing. The results of animal experiments similarly showed that elevated levels of PD-L1 on tumor VECs hindered the anti-tumor effectiveness of T cells, resulting in immune evasion and tumor progression. Furthermore, PD-L1 expression on tumor VECs served as a valuable prognostic marker, with heightened expression linked to poorer prognosis in NPC patients. Mechanistically, we discovered that the interaction between NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways may contribute significantly to the up-regulation of PD-L1 on VECs in NPC. Together, our work provides novel insights into identifying prognostic markers and strategies for reversing immune evasion mechanisms in NPC.
Functional proteoform group deconvolution reveals a broader spectrum of ibrutinib off-targets
Authors: Leo Isabelle Rose , Kunold Elena , Audrey Anastasia , Tampere Marianna , Eirich Jürgen , Lehtiö Janne , Jafari Rozbeh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Proteome-wide profiling has revealed that targeted drugs can have complex protein interaction landscapes. However, it’s a challenge to profile drug targets while systematically accounting for the dynamic protein variations that produce populations of multiple proteoforms. We address this problem by combining thermal proteome profiling (TPP) with functional proteoform group detection to refine the target landscape of ibrutinib. In addition to known targets, we implicate additional specific functional proteoform groups linking ibrutinib to mechanisms in immunomodulation and cellular processes like Golgi trafficking, endosomal trafficking, and glycosylation. Further, we identify variability in functional proteoform group profiles in a CLL cohort, linked to treatment status and ex vivo response and resistance. This offers deeper insights into the impacts of functional proteoform groups in a clinical treatment setting and suggests complex biological effects linked to off-target engagement. These results provide a framework for interpreting clinically observed off-target processes and adverse events, highlighting the importance of functional proteoform group-level deconvolution in understanding drug interactions and their functional impacts with potential applications in precision medicine.
Correlated states controlled by a tunable van Hove singularity in moiré WSe2 bilayers
Authors: Knüppel Patrick , Zhu Jiacheng , Xia Yiyu , Xia Zhengchao , Han Zhongdong , Zeng Yihang , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Shan Jie , Mak Kin Fai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Twisted transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) bilayers have enabled the discovery of superconductivity, ferromagnetism, correlated insulators, and a series of new topological phases of matter. However, the connection between these electronic phases of matter and the underlying band structure singularities has remained largely unexplored. Here, combining magnetic circular dichroism and exciton sensing measurements, we investigate the influence of a van Hove singularity (vHS) on the correlated phases in bilayer WSe2 with twist angle between 2 and 3 degrees. By tuning the vHS across the Fermi level using electric and magnetic fields, we observe Stoner ferromagnetism below moiré lattice filling one and Chern insulators at filling one. The experimental observations are supported by the continuum model band structure calculations. Our results highlight the prospect of engineering electronic phases of matter in moiré materials by tunable van Hove singularities.
Ultrafast structural dynamics of carbon–carbon single-bond rotation in transient radical species at non-equilibrium
Authors: Lee Seonggon , Ki Hosung , Im Donghwan , Kim Jungmin , Lee Yunbeom , Gu Jain , Segalina Alekos , Heo Jun , Cha Yongjun , Lee Kyung Won , Kim Doyeong , Kim Jeongho , Ma Rory , Lee Jae Hyuk , Ihee Hyotcherl 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Bond rotation is an important phenomenon governing the fate of reactions. In particular, heterogeneously substituted ethane derivatives provide distinct structural conformations around the bond, empowering them as ideal systems for studying the rotation along carbon-containing single bonds. However, structural dynamics of ultrafast single-bond rotation, especially along C–C• bonds, have remained elusive as tracking the detailed changes in structural parameters during the rotational isomerization is challenging with conventional spectroscopic tools. Here, we employ femtosecond time-resolved X-ray liquidography to visualize the rotational isomerization between anti and gauche conformers of tetrafluoroiodoethyl radical (C2F4I•) and 1,2-tetrafluorodiiodoethane (C2F4I2), simultaneously. The TRXL data captures perturbations in conformer ratios and structures of each reacting species, revealing that the rotational isomerization of C2F4I• and C2F4I2 follows anti-to-gauche and gauche-to-anti paths with time constants of 1.2 ps and 26 ps, respectively. These findings also align with the computational predictions. This work offers an atomic-level insight into the kinetics and structural dynamics of single-bond rotation.
Assessing the effects of conductivity on egg development and survival of Eastern Hellbenders (Cryptobranchus a. alleganiensis)
Authors: Brown Ryan K. , Kaunert Matthew D. D. , Johnson Kelly S. , Roosenburg Willem M. , Popescu Viorel D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Increasing concentrations of dissolved ions in freshwater ecosystems often stem from anthropogenic sources and have been implicated in the decline of sensitive aquatic organisms. Eastern hellbenders (Cryptobranchus a. alleganiensis) are fully aquatic salamanders that are experiencing range-wide declines and increased conductivity has been suggested as a cause. Declining populations are skewed towards older age classes, indicating a lack of successful reproduction (i.e., population recruitment). Therefore, insights into mechanisms that may cause mortality in early life stages are of great value to hellbender conservation. We conducted an experimental study to evaluate the effects of increased conductivity on the survival and development of hellbender eggs and newly hatched larvae. Wild-collected eggs were incubated across a range of conductivities (100, 300, 600, 1,000 µS/cm). We used two types of salt, aquarium salt and rock salt, to manipulate conductivity during and after hatching. Overall mortality rates were low (< 0.07) across all treatments, but highest in the 1,000 µS/cm treatments (0.14). There was no difference in mortality between aquarium salt and rock salt treatments, however the rock salt treatment stimulated earlier hatching times. Larvae reared in the 1,000 µS/cm treatments had shorter snout-vent length (SVLs) (mean = 25.44 mm) than those reared at 300 µS/cm (mean = 26.95 mm) and marginally smaller head and mid-section width than individuals reared in the 100 µS/cm treatments. Our study suggests that higher conductivity has limited effects on egg and larval survival and development, and that water conductivity alone may be a suboptimal metric relating the persistence of hellbender populations to water quality. In addition, the type of salt affected hatching rates and timing, thus evaluating the composition and concentration of various ions leading to elevated conductivity is essential to understanding how degraded water quality may affect early life stages of this imperiled amphibian.
Social implications of coexistence of CAVs and human drivers in the context of route choice
Authors: Jamróz Grzegorz , Akman Ahmet Onur , Psarou Anastasia , Varga Zoltán György , Kucharski Rafał 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Suppose in a stable urban traffic system populated only by human driven vehicles (HDVs), a given proportion (e.g.
$$10\%$$
) is replaced by a fleet of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs), which share information and pursue a collective goal. Suppose these vehicles are centrally coordinated and differ from HDVs only by their collective capacities allowing them to make more efficient routing decisions before the travel on a given day begins. Suppose there is a choice between two routes and every day each driver makes a decision which route to take. Human drivers maximize their utility. CAVs might optimize different goals, such as the total travel time of the fleet. We show that in this plausible futuristic setting, the strategy CAVs are allowed to adopt may result in human drivers either benefitting or being systematically disadvantaged and urban networks becoming more or less optimal. Consequently, some regulatory measures might become indispensable.
Cardiac effects of two hallucinogenic natural products, N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine
Authors: Neumann Joachim , Dietrich Tobias , Azatsian Karyna , Hofmann Britt , Gergs Ulrich 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
It is unclear whether hallucinogenic tryptamine derivatives namely N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) exert positive inotropic effects in the human heart. Therefore, we measured the inotropic effects of these drugs in isolated left and right atrial preparations of mice that overexpress human 5-HT4 receptors (5-HT4-TG) and preparations from wild type mice (WT). Moreover, we measured force of contraction in isolated right atrial preparations from adult patients, obtained in the process of open heart surgery due to severe coronary heart disease. DMT and 5-MeO-DMT augmented the force of contraction in isolated paced (1 Hz) left atrial preparations from 5-HT4-TG and raised the spontaneous beating rate of right atrial preparations from 5-HT4-TG. The drugs elevated force of contraction in paced (1 Hz) human right atrial muscle preparations. The maximum inotropic effects of DMT and 5-MeO-DMT were smaller at 10 µM (about 65%) than that of 1 µM 5-HT on the left atria from 5-HT4-TG. The maximum increase in the beating rate due to DMT and 5-MeO-DMT amounted 40 ± 5% of the effect of 5-HT on right atrial preparations from 5-HT4-TG (n = 5–6). DMT and 5-MeO-DMT were inactive in WT. The potency of 5-MeO-DMT to increase force of contraction could be increased by pre-treatment of human atrial preparations by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor cilostamide (1 µM). 5-MeO-DMT increased the phosphorylation state of phospholamban at serine 16 in isolated left atrial muscle strips of 5-HT4-TG. In summary, DMT and 5-MeO-DMT acted as partial agonists on human 5-HT4 receptors.
Impact of wind-induced resuspension on urban air quality: a CFD study with air quality data comparison
Authors: Linda Jakub , Hasečić Amra , Pospíšil Jiří , Kudela Libor , Brzezina Jáchym 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wind-induced particulate matter (PM) resuspension is an increasingly recognized contributor to urban air pollution. A CFD model of 2D street canyon geometry was developed that can replicate the process of resuspension. Model created the wind speed vs concentration increase due to resuspension relationship and its key properties: threshold wind speed causing resuspension (TWSR) and concentration increase. At least 8.75 m/s in 10 m height inlet wind speed before street canyons was needed to start the resuspension, leading to PM10 concentrations often exceeding 1 μg/m³, with peak values reaching as high as 3 μg/m³. The model can predict the behavior of resuspension well, but it cannot capture all the factors acting in the real environment to match precisely the air quality data. Silt load remains the greatest unknown factor in determining the overall magnitude of resuspension, with observed increases in PM10 concentrations up to 6 μg/m³ in air quality data.
Propagation of goose primordial germ cells in vitro relies on FGF and BMP signalling pathways
Authors: Doddamani Dadakhalandar , Lázár Bence , Ichikawa Kennosuke , Hu Tuanjun , Taylor Lorna , Gócza Elen , Várkonyi Eszter , McGrew Mike J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mitotically active embryonic reproductive cells, the primordial germ cells (PGCs), are an ideal cell type for cryopreserving functional reproductive cells for avian species. Their low number in the avian embryo, however, renders cryopreservation and germline transmission methodologies difficult. Here, we develop a culture medium for the long-term in vitro culture of PGCs from the goose, Anser anser domesticus. In contrast to chicken, goose PGC self-renewal is dependent on the TGF-β family member, BMP4, and, conversely, is inhibited by Activin A. An RNA transcriptome analysis reveals commonalities between cultured PGCs from chicken and goose species, including a marked transcriptional difference between male and female goose PGCs. In vitro propagated goose PGCs are amenable to genetic modification using DNA transposons and colonising the gonads of xenogeneic sterile host embryos. These data demonstrate that the conservation and cryopreservation of the genetic diversity of the >1400 endangered bird species using PGCs remains a valid possibility.
Ocean-bottom seismometers reveal surge dynamics in Earth’s longest-runout sediment flows
Authors: Kunath Pascal , Talling Peter J. , Lange Dietrich , Chi Wu-Cheng , Baker Megan L. , Urlaub Morelia , Berndt Christian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Turbidity currents carve Earth’s deepest canyons, form Earth’s largest sediment deposits, and break seabed telecommunications cables. Directly measuring turbidity currents is notoriously challenging due to their destructive impact on instruments within their path. This is especially the case for canyon-flushing flows that can travel >1000 km at >5 m/s, whose dynamics are poorly understood. We deployed ocean-bottom seismometers safely outside turbidity currents, and used emitted seismic signals to remotely monitor canyon-flushing events. By analyzing seismic power variations with distance and signal polarization, we distinguish signals generated by turbulence and sediment transport and document the evolving internal speed and structure of flows. Flow-fronts have dense near-bed layers comprising multiple surges with 5-to-30-minute durations, continuing for many hours. Fastest surges occur 30–60 minutes behind the flow-front, providing momentum that sustains flow-fronts for >1000 km. Our results highlight surging within dense near-bed layers as a key driver of turbidity currents’ long-distance runout.
LRP5 promotes adipose progenitor cell fitness and adipocyte insulin sensitivity
Authors: Loh Nellie Y. , Vasan Senthil K. , Rosoff Daniel B. , Roberts Emile , van Dam Andrea D. , Verma Manu , Phillips Daniel , Wesolowska-Andersen Agata , Neville Matt J. , Noordam Raymond , Ray David W. , Tobias Jonathan H. , Gregson Celia L. , Karpe Fredrik , Christodoulides Constantinos 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
WNT signaling plays a key role in postnatal bone formation. Individuals with gain-of-function mutations in the WNT co-receptor LRP5 exhibit increased lower-body fat mass and potentially enhanced glucose metabolism, alongside high bone mass. However, the mechanisms by which LRP5 regulates fat distribution and its effects on systemic metabolism remain unclear. This study aims to explore the role of LRP5 in adipose tissue biology and its impact on metabolism.

Methods
Metabolic assessments and imaging were conducted on individuals with gain- and loss-of-function LRP5 mutations, along with age- and BMI-matched controls. Mendelian randomization analyses were used to investigate the relationship between bone, fat distribution, and systemic metabolism. Functional studies and RNA sequencing were performed on abdominal and gluteal adipose cells with LRP5 knockdown.

Results
Here we show that LRP5 promotes lower-body fat distribution and enhances systemic and adipocyte insulin sensitivity through cell-autonomous mechanisms, independent of its bone-related functions. LRP5 supports adipose progenitor cell function by activating WNT/β-catenin signaling and preserving valosin-containing protein (VCP)-mediated proteostasis. LRP5 expression in adipose progenitors declines with age, but gain-of-function LRP5 variants protect against age-related fat loss in the lower body.

Conclusions
Our findings underscore the critical role of LRP5 in regulating lower-body fat distribution and insulin sensitivity, independent of its effects on bone. Pharmacological activation of LRP5 in adipose tissue may offer a promising strategy to prevent age-related fat redistribution and metabolic disorders.
Submersible touchless interactivity in conformable textiles enabled by highly selective overbraided magnetoresistive sensors
Authors: Lugoda Pasindu , Oliveros-Mata Eduardo Sergio , Marasinghe Kalana , Bhaumik Rahul , Pretto Niccolò , Oliveira Carlos , Dias Tilak , Hughes-Riley Theodore , Haller Michael , Münzenrieder Niko , Makarov Denys 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Miniature electronics positioned within textile braids leverages the persistent flexibility and comfort of textiles constructed from electronics with 1D form factors. Here, we developed touchless interactivity within textiles using 1D overbraided magnetic field sensors. Our integration strategy minimally impacts the performance of flexible giant magnetoresistive sensors, yielding machine-washable sensors that maintain conformability when integrated in traditional fabrics. These overbraided magnetoresistive sensors exhibit a detectivity down to 380 nT and a nearly isotropic magnetoresistance amplitude response, facilitating intuitive touchless interaction. The interactivity is possible even in humid environments, including underwater, opening reliable activation in day-to-day and specialized applications. To showcase capabilities of overbraided magnetoresistive sensors, we demonstrate a functional armband for navigation control in virtual reality environments and a self-monitoring safety helmet strap. This approach bridges the integration gap between on-skin and rigid magnetic interfaces, paving the way for highly reliable, comfortable, interactive textiles across entertainment, safety, and sportswear.