bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in aesthetic surgery
Authors: Mitz Vladimir 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe evolution of aesthetic surgery began centuries before the birth of Christ. Since Sushutra's first attempts, surgeons still try to achieve or reconstruct the perfection of individual beauty. Surgeons who are engaged in this field of plastic surgery are called cosmetic or aesthetic surgeons. Aesthetic surgery is not just a specialization concerned largely with the removal of the outward signs of aging, nor is it limited to plastic surgery for improvement by restoration of damaged areas of skin and removal of blemishes. Aesthetic surgery crosses the dividing line between surgery for reconstruction and alteration of deviations (which do not in themselves constitute objective deformities) and is sometimes even performed without medical indication, but just for the gratification of individual vanity. This article summarizes the progress of aesthetic surgery during the last decade in some aspects of the field and tries to estimate its' lasting value.
Management of recurrent pain following previous surgery for chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Imrie Clement W. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe management of any patient with recurrent pain following surgery for chronic pancreatitis is far from an easy problem. Even more careful assessment than that preceding the decision for the first operation will be necessary. In‐hospital patient assessment is strongly recommended to ascertain the degree of the problem of pain in as objective a manner as possible. The effects of alcohol withdrawal and different analgesic treatments have to be carefully assessed while obtaining essential information on the size and shape of the pancreatic duct as well as the general pancreatic morphology.Relatively simple procedures such as the removal of stones or the enlargement of a strictured anastomosis may be all that is required to ensure freedom from pain; however, there is a tendency for patients who have no obvious new pathology or simple failure of the first operation to move to more extensive resectional procedures. This, ultimately will lead to total pancreatectomy being recommended and long‐term follow‐up of such patients is under critical scrutiny. Unless the highest caliber of support services can be mustered for these patients subject to total pancreatectomy, the morbidity and mortality in the longer term can reach prohibitive levels. A plea is made for objective reassessment of the place of celiac ganglionectomy in the management of these difficult problems.
Group I pepsinogen for early detection of gastric cancer recurrence after total gastrectomy
Authors: Kodama Masashi , Koyama Kenji , Tsuburaya Yukio , Ishikawa Kouichi , Koyama Hirofumi , Narisawa Tomio , Uesaka Yoshitaka 
Published: May 2005

AbstractGroup I pepsinogen (PG‐I) staining was performed in the gastric carcinoma tissues of 75 patients by the peroxidase‐antiperoxidase (PAP) method, 44 cases (59%) of which were positive for PG‐I, suggesting that they were PG‐I‐producing gastric carcinomas. Type IV gastric carcinoma by the Borrmann classification and/or poorly‐differentiated adenocarcinoma were positive for PG‐I in high incidence. Serum and urinary levels of PG‐I were determined by the Pepsinogen I Radioimmunoassay Kit in patients with gastric carcinoma who underwent total gastrectomy. The levels of PG‐I declined remarkably or disappeared at 1 week after curative surgery. Changes of serum PG‐I levels after total gastrectomy were observed in 9 patients with PG‐I‐producing gastric carcinomas, 7 of whom died of recurrence. The PG‐I values became elevated with recurrence in 5 of them and the values increased with the passage of time. In contrast, no substantial changes in PG‐I levels occurred in patients with no recurrence. These results suggest that PG‐I is useful for the early detection of recurrent disease after total gastrectomy in patients with PG‐I‐producing gastric carcinomas.
Value of tumor localization in patients with insulinoma
Authors: Böttger Thomas C. , Weber Wilfried , Beyer Joachim , Junginger Theo 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBased on our patient material, preoperative localization of insulinoma was correct with sonography in 13 (61.9%) of 21 patients, with computed tomography in 3 (21.4%) of 14 patients, with computed tomography with bolus injection of contrast medium in 11 (73.3%) of 15 patients, with angiography in 20 (66.6%) of 30 patients, and with percutaneous transhepatic portal vein catheterization with selective measurement of insulin in 10 (76.9%) of 13 patients. Intraoperatively, 40 (95.2%) of 42 insulinomas were palpable and 12 of 16 insulinomas were identified during intraoperative sonography. Although 95.2% of the insulinomas can be palpated, we would support additional diagnostic localization since it may improve the reliability of palpation.
Pyogenic liver abscess
Authors: Bowers E. Diane , Robison Dennis J. , Doberneck Raymond C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractExperience with 34 patients with pyogenic liver abscess is reviewed to evaluate the impact of percutaneous drainage and duration of antibiotic therapy on results of treatment. Patients with shock, adult respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, jaundice, severe hypoalbuminemia, and diabetes had a poor prognosis. Percutaneous drainage was used successfully in 4 of 6 patients, but its use did not affect mortality rate or length of hospital stay. Percutaneous drainage may be the procedure of choice for selected patients. Half of our patients received antibiotics for 2 weeks or less with no abscess recurrences in this group. Long‐term antibiotics may not be necessary after adequate surgical or percutaneous abscess drainage.
The surgeon's role in breast screening
Authors: Forrest A. P. M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe early detection of breast cancer by mammographic screening reduces the mortality of the disease. In the United Kingdom, a national screening service is being established for women 50–64 years of age by single mediolateral oblique mammography every 3 years.It is stressed that the basic mammograph is only the first stage in the screening procedure. The multidisciplinary assessment of mammographic abnormalities is a second critical step by which the need for biopsy is determined. The surgeons involved in screening programs must also appreciate the significance of the methods of assessment used. They must also be knowledgeable of the methods for biopsy of impalpable lesions and of the treatment of the noninvasive and small‐invasive cancers. Ideally, they should be full members of the multidisciplinary team responsible for the program. These roles are reviewed.
Screening for gastric cancer
Authors: Hisamichi Shigeru 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMass screening for gastric cancer in Japan has been conducted nationwide since 1960. The total number of examinees in 1985 amounted to 5,161,876 and 6,240 cases (0.12%) of gastric cancer were detected. Approximately half of these cases were early stage cancers. According to the studies of mass gastric screening in the Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, the sensitivity of the screening test by the indirect x‐ray method was 82.4%, and the specificity was 77.2%. The positive predictive value was 1.78%. Recently, mortality from gastric cancer has been decreasing in Japan. Many studies have been carried out to investigate the relationship between the decreasing trend of mortality from cancer of the stomach and the effectiveness of mass gastric screening. From these studies and from time trend analyses of incidence and death rates, case‐control studies, nonexperimental cohort studies, etc., it is believed that mass screening for gastric cancer is effective in reducing the death rate from cancer at this site.
Do all colorectal carcinomas arise in preexisting adenomas?
Authors: Jass Jeremy R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn this article, the underlying nature of the adenoma is defined and evidence in support of the adenoma‐carcinoma sequence is presented. Emphasis is placed on recent findings from the field of molecular biology which fortify the concept of the adenoma as a step in the evolution of large bowel cancer. Despite the considerable body of indirect evidence in support of the adenoma‐carcinoma sequence, the de novo theory still has some support. Although differences between the de novo and adenoma‐carcinoma concept are largely semantic, the fact that infiltrating carcinoma can arise within small, flat foci of severely dysplastic epithelium (indistinguishable from carcinoma in situ) may be of considerable clinical importance. Other routes of morphogenesis exist also, but these make a relatively small contribution to the overall incidence of colorectal cancer. Even if it is accepted that the majority of colorectal cancers develop in a preexisting adenoma, the systematic removal of adenomas would pose a number of practical difficulties. First, adenomas are extremely common, particularly in populations at high risk of colorectal cancer. A second factor is the recently recognized existence of flat or depressed adenomas which may be small and difficult to visualize endoscopically. A simple screening program based on our knowledge of the evolution of colorectal cancer is outlined.
Current status of tumor markers in large bowel cancer
Authors: Moore Michael , Jones David J. , Schofield Philip F. , Harnden David G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe aim of a primary screening system is to detect premalignant lesions and carcinomas when amenable to “curative” surgery. Although a number of “classical” tumor markers have acquired potential for clinical management, none is presently adequate for presymptomatic diagnosis or screening. In colorectal carcinoma, the screening potential of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), the gastrointestinal‐related antigen, CA19‐9, and other more recently characterized “biochemical markers” is virtually nonexistent, even in patients at high risk to develop the disease.Promising new leads are beginning to emerge from somatic cell genetic and molecular biological approaches. In common with other epithelial neoplasms, perturbations in oncogene expression have been demonstrated in colorectal cancers, and probably reflect important events in malignant transformation and progression. Studies of oncogene expression have, however, not yet yielded clinically useful information.Recently, an intensive search for specific chromosomal and gene abnormalities in the hereditary colon cancer syndromes led to the location of the familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) gene at chromosome 5q21–q22. Significant is that the loss of alleles on chromosome 5 has also been observed in the tumor cells of at least 20% ofsporadiccolon cancer patients. This type of association between constitutional genetic change and genetic aberration in the cells of sporadic tumors is reminiscent of other malignant diseases with a genetic component (e.g., retinoblastoma and Wilms' tumor).The disclosure of the FAP gene might ultimately provide a basis for the presymptomatic or prenatal diagnosis of FAP as well as some forms of sporadic colorectal cancer; however, it can be anticipated that other markers linked to colorectal cancer susceptibility genes will eventually be discovered, with potentially wider application in presymptomatic diagnosis and screening.
Comparison of the results of different surgical techniques in the management of hydatid cysts of the liver
Authors: Demirci Salim , Eraslan Sadan , Anadol Erdal , Bozatli Levent 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBetween 1980 and 1985, a total of 260 patients with hydatid cysts of the liver have been treated surgically at the Department of Surgery of University Hospital of Ankara. All patients with organ cysts of other than the liver are excluded. In this retrospective study, the results of different surgical techniques were compared with respect to postoperative complications, morbidity, mortality, and recurrence of disease. Patients were divided into 2 groups retrospectively. The first group (I) involved patients treated without drainage (n=87), and the second group (II) involved patients treated with external drainage (n=173).Postoperative complication rates were 10.8% in group I, and 65.8% in group II. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 9.9±0.8 days in group I, and 20.6±1.1 days in group II. Most of the patients in group II had purulent or biliary discharge from the drainage site (average, 199±47 days). During the follow‐up period, which varied from 1 to 6 years, recurrence rates were not significantly different in the 2 groups.The results strongly suggest that in the management of uncomplicated hydatid cysts of the liver, the surgical techniques which do not employ drainage of the cystic cavity are superior to those which use drainage.
The role of heredity in the etiology of large bowel cancer: Data from the Melbourne colorectal cancer study
Authors: Kune Gabriel A. , Kune Susan , Watson Lyndsey F. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFamily history data of colorectal cancer, heart disease, and stroke were obtained on near relatives (parents, siblings, and children) in 702 colorectal cancer cases and 710 age‐/sex‐matched community controls as part of a large, comprehensive, population‐based epidemiological and clinicopathological study of colorectal cancer conducted in Melbourne (the Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study). There was a statistically significant higher family history rate of colorectal cancer in cases than in controls (relative risk=2.13; 95% confidence interval=1.53–2.96;p< 0.001). This family history effect was more pronounced for colon cancer than for rectal cancer and there was an earlier age of detection of colorectal cancer in those with a family history of this cancer when compared with those without such a history. Dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer, which were previously described in the Melbourne study, were separate and independent from the family history effects. It is concluded that a family history of colorectal cancer is an important indication to screen individuals for this cancer, and also that while heredity has a definite role in the etiology of colorectal cancer, this hereditary effect is either likely to be small, or else likely to be important in only a proportion (perhaps 20%) of cases.
Primary flexor tendon repair: Surgical techniques based on the anatomy and biology of the flexor tendon system
Authors: Tonkin Michael A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe anatomy, biology and bio‐mechanics of the flexor tendon system demand a precise approach to flexor tendon repair. Within the fibroosseous canal, the synovial fluid and a complex intratendinous vascular network provide nutrition for intrinsic flexor tendon healing. Retention of the synovial sheath theoretically maintains an enclosed tendon/tendon sheath environment in which the tendon repair is bathed in synovial fluid, and may glide within a smooth tunnel. The preservation of the intricate double tendon inter‐relationship and the annular pulley system is vital to the efficiency of finger flexion. This review details surgical and post‐operative techniques aimed at restoring the normal anatomy and providing optimal conditions for the return of flexor tendon function.
To trim or replant: A matter of cost
Authors: Engel Joel , Luboshitz Shmuel , Jaffe Batya , Rotstein Zeev 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMany factors are involved in the decision whether to complete the amputation of an injured digit and trim the stump or to replant the amputated member. This paper compares the cost of these two treatments so that this financial aspect might be included among the many factors which influence the surgeon's decision. The cost of these treatments was separated into two aspects. First, the overall cost of the medical and surgical expenses was calculated. Second, the cost which the Israeli social security granted the injured worker due to the disability was calculated. By comparing the total surgical and medical costs of amputations and replantations, trimming is far less expensive than replantation. In the long run, the compensation the insurer owes the disabled trimmed patient is far higher than the compensation given to those who were successfully replanted, provided the injured worker has a certain number of working years to retirement and has a yearly income of a certain level. Thus, in most cases, replantation is recommended from the cost benefit aspect.
Clinical and pathologie properties of small differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid gland
Authors: Iida Futoshi , Sugenoya Akira , Muramatsu Akira 
Published: May 2005

AbstractNinety‐one small differentiated thyroid carcinomas less than 10 mm in size treated during the last 33 years were subjected to clinical study. In 44 of the 91 cases, tumor was found incidentally at surgery, while in the remaining 47 a thyroid mass was palpable before operation. A preoperative diagnosis of carcinoma could not be made in nodules less than 5 mm in size. Ultrasonographic examination is now extending the limits of exact diagnosis. Metastasis was found in 16 of 33 patients who had lymph nodes dissected. Metastatic lymph nodes were distributed in the same sites as those with thyroid carcinomas larger than 10 mm. Pathologic examination was carried out in 108 small carcinomas including cases from an affiliated hospital. Histologically, all of them were papillary or follicular carcinomas. The growth pattern of the tumors was divided into 5 groups: 23 were nonencapsulated sclerosing type, 29 encapsulated type without capsule invasion, 48 encapsulated type with capsule invasion, 4 the infiltrative type, and 4 the round type. Lymph node metastasis and intraglandular dissemination were found most frequently in the infiltrative type, followed by the encapsulated type with invasion. The results suggest the necessity of lymph node dissection and lobectomy for patients with these histological types of small carcinomas who had only local removal of the tumor.
The diagnostic challenge of postoperative acute appendicitis
Authors: Barr Darlene , van Heerden Jon A. , Mucha Peter 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDuring the period 1979 to 1989, 0.1 % of all cases of acute appendicitis at our institution occurred soon after another operative procedure. The interval between primary operation and appendectomy was 5 to 31 days (mean, 14 days). Signs and symptoms did not differ from those of classical acute appendicitis. Duration of symptoms ranged from 12 hours to 8 days (mean, 2.4 days). Perforation was present in 3 patients, suppurative appendicitis in 1 patient, and acute inflammation in 4 patients. Two of the perforations were associated with abscess formation. Morbidity related to the appendiceal condition included hepatic abscesses, septic shock, and prolonged ileus. There was no mortality. Hospitalization ranged from 6 to 80 days (mean, 12.5 days).
Antigen challenge induces a supraglottic but not a subglottic edema in the rat larynx
Authors: Niklasson Anders , Dahlqvist Åke 
Published: May 2005

OBJECTIVETo examine the reaction of mast cells in the larynx of sensitized rats after allergen challenge and determine whether a type I hypersensitivity reaction can elicit a supraglottic and subglottic edema.STUDY DESIGNRats were sensitized with ovalbumin (OA) and challenged 3 weeks later by intravenous injection of either OA or NaCl and perfused with glutaraldehyde. The larynges were removed and processed for light and electron microscopy. Sections from the epiglottis and subglottic region were examined.RESULTSIn challenged animals, the connective tissue mast cells (CTMC) in the epiglottic submucosa, but not the mucosal mast cells (MMC) in epithelium, were significantly reduced compared with the case of controls, and the connective tissue was edematous. In the subglottic region, the number of both MMC and CTMC was reduced (albeit not significantly), and there was no edema in the lamina propria.CONCLUSIONSAllergen challenge induces a marked edema in the epiglottis but not in the subglottic area.SIGNIFICANCEThe results indicate that the supraglottic and subglottic regions react differently to allergen challenge. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;132:694‐700.)
Comparison of interspecific competition and N use in pea–barley, faba bean–barley and lupin–barley intercrops grown at two temperate locations
Authors: TRYDEMAN KNUDSEN M. , HAUGGAARD-NIELSEN H. , JØRNSGÅRD B. , STEEN JENSEN E. 
Published: May 2005

Mixed intercropping of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with field pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba var. minor L.) or narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) was compared with sole cropping in two field experiments at different locations, on a sandy loam soil and a sandy soil, in Denmark in 2001.Grain legumes were dominant in intercrops on the sandy loam soil, except for lupin, whereas barley was dominant in intercrops on the sandy soil site. Combined intercrop grain yields were comparable to grain yields of the respective sole cropped grain legume or sole cropped, fertilized barley on each soil site. On the sandy loam soil, pea–barley and faba bean–barley intercrops increased the proportion of plant N derived from N2 fixation in grain legumes and increased the barley grain N concentration (from 1·7 to 2·2 mg/g) compared with sole cropping. However, the later maturity of faba bean compared with barley caused problems at harvest. The grain N concentration of intercropped barley was increased where grain legumes were the dominant intercrops and not on the sandy soil site. Lupin-barley intercrops did not show intercropping advantages to the same degree as faba bean and pea, but lupin constituted a more stable yield proportion of the combined intercrop yield over locations.Furthermore, the study indicated that the natural 15N abundance at certain locations might not always be sufficient to ensure a reliable estimate of N2 fixation using the 15N natural abundance method.
Heterotic and seed rate effects on nitrogen efficiencies in wheat
Authors: KINDRED D. R. , GOODING M. J. 
Published: May 2005

Four field experiments over 2 years investigated whether wheat hybrids had higher nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) than their parents over a range of seed rates and different N regimes. There was little heterosis for total N in the above-ground biomass (NYt), but there was high-parent heterosis for grain N yields (NYg) in two of the hybrids, Hyno Esta and Hyno Rista, associated with greater nitrogen harvest index (NHI). Overall, the hybrids did not significantly increase the total dry matter produced per unit N in the above-ground crop (NUtEt), but did increase the grain dry matter per unit N in the above ground crop (NUtEg). The improvement in NUtEg was at the partial detriment of grain N concentration. Heterosis for grain NYg in Hyno Esta was lower at zero-N, suggesting that it did not achieve higher yields through more efficient capture or utilization of N. The greater NHI in Hyno Esta appeared to be facilitated by both greater N uptake, and remobilization of N from vegetative tissues, after anthesis.The response of N efficiency and uptake to seed rate was dependent on N supply and season. Where N fertilizer was applied, N uptake over time was slower at the lower seed rates, but where N was withheld N capture at the lowest seed rate soon approached the N capture of the higher seed rates. During grain filling, the rate of accumulation of N into the grain increased with seed rate and the duration of N accumulation decreased with seed rate. With N applied, N yields increased to an asymptote with seed rate, when N was withheld there was little response of N yields to seed rate. In 2002, N utilization efficiency (NUtEt and NUtEg) also increased asymptotically with seed rate, but in 2003 seed rate had little effect on N utilization efficiency. When nitrogen fertilizer had not been applied, NHI consistently decreased with increasing seed rate. The timing of N application made little difference to NUE, NY, or NUtE.