bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid kinetic-MHD modeling of alpha-driven TAEs in the SPARC tokamak
Authors: Tinguely R.A. , Gonzalez-Martin J. , Todo Y. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As the magnetic confinement fusion community prepares for the next generation of fusion devices and burning plasmas, there is still a question of whether fast ions (FIs) will drive MHD instabilities, causing significant redistribution or even loss of FIs, thereby leading to reduced plasma performance and possibly threatening the integrity of the first wall. In this paper, we explore the existence and stability of toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs) in the

>

100

MW

,

Q
∼
9

–11 DT-fusion power ‘Primary Reference Discharge’ (PRD) of the SPARC tokamak; the PRD has a relatively low on-axis alpha pressure,

β

α
0

≈
0.6
%

, due to the high magnetic field strength,

B
0

=
12.2

T

. A scan in toroidal mode number is performed in the vicinity of the estimated ‘most unstable’ modes, n ≈ 5–20, with the linear eigenvalue code NOVA-K and nonlinear initial-value code MEGA. Both codes identify the same (even) n = 10 TAE located near q = 1 with frequency

f
≈
360

kHz

and alpha drive

γ

/

ω
≈
+
0.6
%

. While MEGA evaluates this mode to be marginally unstable for the nominal alpha pressure, NOVA-K instead identifies a higher frequency (odd) n = 10 TAE as marginally destabilized; different evaluations of radiative damping are likely the cause of this discrepancy. These results indicate that AEs may be only marginally unstable for the highest performing SPARC PRD, at least for the q profile explored here. They also serve as a starting point for further scans, inclusion of FIs from auxiliary heating systems, and exploration of AE-induced FI transport, as well as a guide for diagnostic measurements of these n ≈ 10 AEs.
Heat Transfer Enhancement: Exploring Nanofluids and Devices
Authors: Sousa Antonio C. M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Effective heat transfer is crucial for energy conservation, efficiency of industrial processes, and the development of advanced heating and cooling systems. Heat transfer enhancement techniques aim to facilitate faster and more efficient thermal energy transport. The first part of the lecture focuses on the emerging field of nanofluids, which, as a novel class of heat transfer fluids, has gained significant attention in recent years due to their unique properties and potential for improving heat transfer effectiveness. It is presented a brief overview of the experimental methods involved in the preparation of the nanofluids along with their combination with other heat transfer enhancers such as turbulators and vortex generators. Their application to small-scale solar thermal systems is also reported. Current challenges, such as nanoparticle agglomeration and long-term stability, are addressed, while exploring new nanoparticle materials for multi-purpose use. The second part of the lecture stresses the urgent need for further heat transfer enhancement by device development in two specific and very distinct areas: thermal management of battery assemblies in electric vehicles and geothermal energy extraction using super-long gravity heat pipes. The thermal management of battery assemblies in electric vehicles is vital to maintain safe operating temperatures under different weather conditions and prevent thermal runaway. Effective heat transfer within the battery pack is critical for optimizing battery performance, increasing its operational lifespan, and ensuring safety. A particular CFD study is reported along its main conclusions. In what concerns geothermal energy extraction, the super-long gravity heat pipe, with lengths over 3,000 meters, offer unique promise. Data from field tests for a prototype are reported along with preliminary conclusions. They are also noted several challenges, which include, among others, design of the heat pipe internals, reduction of the thermal resistance between pipe and surrounding ground, insulation of the adiabatic region, and reservoir recovery.
Data-driven thermal characterization of a 1-D model for sensible stratified thermal energy storage
Authors: Anacreonte A V , Capolupo F , Russo R , Vitobello R , Musto M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Thermal Energy Storage (TES) facilities have a wide range of applications in thermal networks. They enable adaptable functionality by effectively and timely managing the supply and demand of thermal energy. This practice offers both environmental and economic benefits, such as reduced CO2 emissions, lower energy generation costs, and decreased operational expenses. Although there are various TES technologies available in the market with higher energy density, such as those based on latent heat and phase change materials, hot water TES units are predominantly used due to their cost-effectiveness, simplicity, and favourable thermal properties. Although many two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulation approaches have been employed to assess the fluid dynamic behaviour of TES components, there has been growing interest in one-dimensional models, as they are better suited for time-dependent, plant-scale optimization studies. However, 1-D models often sacrifice accuracy for computational efficiency, leading many researchers to focus on improving their precision. In this study, field data acquired in an industrial solar thermal power plant are employed to validate and thermally characterize a sensible stratified thermal energy storage using pure water as Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF). This approach aims to bridge the gap between qualitative 1-D modelling and practical applications. The results demonstrate the advantages of data-based approaches while also highlighting some of the inherent limitations of 1-D modelling methods.
Influence of Bed Medium on Bubbling Fluidized Bed Reactors for Biomass Gasification: Experimental Study
Authors: Montuori Lina , Vargas-Salgado Carlos , Alcazár-Ortega Manuel , Frosina Emma 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This research provides a contribution to biomass gasification technology development and to its establishment into the market as mature and functional technology, competitive for large and medium-scale applications. In this article, an experimental analysis of Bubbling Fluidized Bed Reactors (BFBR) for power generation with different sand mixtures is presented. This experimental study is based on a 50 kW and a 10 kW BFBR, respectively, with inner diameters of 10 cm and 22.2 cm. In the experiments, three different bed sands (molochite, silica and alumina) have been tested attending to their properties, such as operating temperatures, bulk density for fluidisation, homogeneous grain size and commercial availability. According to the implemented tests, the obtained results demonstrate that molochite (calcined kaolin) has best effectiveness as bed additive for optimizing the reactor pressure drop, operating temperature, mean particle size and fluidization conditions. On the other side, the most appropriate range for the relation between the sand bed height and the reactor inner diameter to reduce the energy consumption was determined. Finally, the distributor pressure drop and the range of pressured drop were experimentally evaluated.
Numerical investigation on mixed convection with nanofluids in vertical channels with opposing moving plate
Authors: Buonomo B , Manca O , Nardini S , Sarli G 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A numerical investigation on 2-dimensional steady-state mixed convection in a vertical channel asymmetrically heated with water-alumina (Al2O3) nanofluids is performed to evaluate the thermal and fluid dynamic behavior. The interest in this problem is related to several technological applications such as nuclear reactors and electronic components. Nanoparticles have a diameter of 30 nm and four different values of concentration (from 0 to 6%). The computational domain is made up of the channel and two lateral reservoirs, which simulate the external ambient. The channel is bounded by two vertical parallel plates with a constant aspect ratio. One of the plates is heated with a constant heat flux, while the other is considered adiabatic and is moving in the opposite direction of the buoyancy force. The governing equations are numerically solved with finite volume method by means of the ANSYS-Fluent code. Four different values of wall heat flux (with Ra=7×102 to 106) and six different velocities of the unheated plate (with Re=1 to 102) are considered. Results are presented in terms of velocity, temperature, pressure and stream function. Finally, correlations for the prediction of the average Nusselt number along the heated plate are presented.
Evaluating the potential of green roofs for greywater treatment
Authors: Romali N S , Jemail M I , Artino N A A , Mohamed I A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Greywater, comprising household wastewater excluding toilet waste, represents a significant portion of daily wastewater. Effective greywater treatment is crucial to mitigate environmental pollution, especially when greywater flows directly into water bodies without clear controls, discharge limits, and treatment requirements. Nature-based solution (NBS) approaches, such as green roofs, are gaining popularity for their urban benefits and potential for greywater treatment. However, in Malaysia, the application and literature on green roofs are limited, primarily focusing on stormwater management. The potential for greywater treatment remains understudied, despite numerous successful implementations worldwide. Hence, this study aims to explore the effectiveness of green roofs in improving greywater quality. Two green roof models were constructed: one using commercial materials and the other using recycled coconut waste. Greywater samples from washing and kitchen activities were tested, with influent and effluent samples analyzed for key water quality parameters including pH, turbidity, BOD, COD, TSS, TN, and TP. Both green roof models demonstrated notable effectiveness in reducing BOD concentrations, achieving removal efficiencies between 12% to 33%. The resulting BOD levels ranged from 21 to 25 mg/L, which is slightly above the limit of Standard A but compliant with Standard B of the Environmental Quality Act (EQA) 1974. While green roofs show potential in reducing BOD from greywater, their effectiveness in treating other water quality parameters remains limited. Addressing these shortcomings through system enhancements and integrated treatment approaches can lead to more robust and reliable greywater treatment solutions.
An experimental investigation on the mechanical performance of sustainable asphalt pavement incorporating waste glass powder
Authors: Hasan Kamrul , Fariha Noshin Anjum , Bashar Jummana Benta , Alakhali Ahmed K. , Yahaya Fadzil Mat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The disposal of waste glass (WG) poses a challenge due to its non-decomposable nature. Recycling WG plays a key role in sustainability, given its significant contribution to the global waste stream. This study investigates the use of waste glass powder (WGP), with a maximum size of 0.15 mm, as an aggregate inclusion at varying percentages (4%, 7%, and 10%) by weight to asphalt mixtures to enhance pavement strength and promote sustainable waste management. Therefore, in this research, mechanical characteristics, including Marshall stability and resilient modulus tests of modified asphalt mixtures, were evaluated. The results show that incorporating 7% glass powder yields the best Marshall stability and resilient modulus compared to the control mix. Although the 10% WGP modification resulted in the highest bulk density and voids filled with asphalt (VFA), it significantly reduced the resilient modulus. Thus, adding proper amount of glass powder significantly improves the hardness, strength, and resistance to structural deformation like rutting and cracking, making it a valuable option for pavement construction.
The effect of corrosion on physical properties of materials at precast concrete joint: a review
Authors: Ismail Mohd Erie Husairrie , Hamid Roszilah , Radzi Noor Azim Mohd 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Degradation of concrete and steel reinforcement due to corrosion is a worldwide issue that deteriorates the durability and integrity of concrete structures. Even though nowadays precast concrete has been used widely to replace conventional concrete structures, the joints between the precast concrete elements are also prone to corrosion due to the different concrete interfaces. The difference between precast element and cast in-situ concrete is a weak point that creates a pathway to the penetration of corrosive agents. These interface differences can lead to differential movement and stress concentrations, eventually developing a minor crack that allows the ingress of corrosive agents. The void and micro-cracks that may exist during the construction process exacerbate the corrosion process. Once the steel reinforcement starts corroding, it creates expensive stress within the concrete joints. When this stress exceeds the stress capacity of the concrete, cracks are developed, leading to spalling and delamination. The precast concrete joint weakness exposes it to the degradation of the physical properties of concrete and steel reinforcement, eventually affecting the durability and integrity of precast concrete structures. This paper gives a brief review of the corrosion effect on the physical properties of materials at precast concrete joints and encourages other researchers to explore further in this field.
A review on Induced Accelerated Corrosion Methods of Reinforced Concrete Slab and their Issues and Challenges
Authors: Tarmizi Muhammad Izzat Mohamed , Hamid Roszilah , Radzi Noor Azim Mohd 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) structures due to corrosion of steel reinforcement embedded in concrete significantly impacts their structural performance. There are numerous studies focusing on the impact of corrosion on RC beams, however, RC slabs are also vulnerable to corrosion due to the moisture and chemical ingress through the concrete cover. Since the slabs are always thinner than beams, the effect of corrosion will lead to a faster loss of cross-sectional area of steel reinforcement. Slabs typically have larger exposed surface areas and are often subjected to chloride exposure especially for structures near the seaside, increasing their risk to corrosion. However, the natural process of steel reinforcement corrosion takes many years to occur. This paper provides an overview of several induced corrosion methods that have been shown to accelerate the corrosion process of slabs in laboratory experiments for testing the deteriorated slabs structural performances, focusing on the effects of chloride exposure on specific target corrosion area of the RC slabs. In summary, this paper provides a comprehensive review on various laboratory induced accelerated corrosion methods and their effectiveness on inducing corrosion of steel rebars in RC slabs, its issues and challenges of each test and to recommend the most effective method for future studies on corrosion of RC slab.
Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Latex-Modified Concrete: A Review
Authors: Tariq Hassaan Bin , Hamid Roszilah , Kaish A. B. M. A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Natural rubber latex (NRL) has been studied and applied as an additive to enhance the mechanical properties of concrete. Its use improves important aspects like compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength, making concrete stronger and more durable. By modifying the internal matrix, NRL helps concrete resist cracking and several stresses, particularly those related to harsh environments. This review highlights insights from various studies, showing how NRL can effectively improve the performance of conventional and high-performance concrete, especially in terms of their strength performances. The potential of NRL-modified concrete presents notable benefits, making it a significant consideration for diverse construction projects, providing better mechanical properties with relatively simple adjustments to the mix compared to synthetic latex polymers. This study not only enhances understanding of NRL benefits but also guides future research directions in optimizing eco-friendly, high-performance concrete. However, there are still practical challenges in its use that require more research and understanding.
Assessing the Performance of NDVI as A Proxy for Land Surface Temperature Using Linear and Nonlinear Models in Different Intensity of Anthropogenic Activities: A Case Study of Yogyakarta City, Indonesia
Authors: Hadibasyir H Z , Firdaus N S , Sari D N , Fikriyah V N , Rahmi K I N , Fadhilah A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Numerous studies have tested the relationship between vegetation density (using normalized difference vegetation index/NDVI as a proxy for vegetation density) and land surface temperature (LST) using a linear regression model. Few studies have explicitly compared linear and nonlinear regression models in describing the relationship between NDVI and LST in different intensities of anthropogenic activities. Hence, this study aims to investigate multitemporal variations of LST and to compare the performance of NDVI as a proxy for LST over various urban activities in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. NDVI and LST were extracted from Landsat images for 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022. The years of 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022 represent different anthropogenic activities i.e. pre Covid-19, emergency response to Covid-19, transition period of Covid-19, and new normal conditions, respectively. The mean LST of 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022 were 29.64 °C, 24.52 °C, 28.93 °C, and 29.47 °C, respectively, in which the lowest temperature was during emergency response to Covid-19. During emergency response to Covid-19 in 2020, the highest R2 was non-linear logarithmic regression by 0.31, while the highest R2 for 2019, 2021, and 2022 was R2 of nonlinear exponential regression by 0.36, 0.45, and 0.56, respectively. However, linear regression models were still relatively good at describing the relationship between NDVI and LST during the whole period by having R2 of 0.30 to 0.55.
A Preliminary Study on the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) for the Prioritization of Flash Flood Risk Index in Development Projects
Authors: Saad Mohammad Syamsyul Hairi , Ali Mohamad Idris , Razi Putri Zulaiha , Bawono Adi Setiabudi , Ramli Noram Irwan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Flash floods are a significant threat to urban development in Malaysia, often reported to be related to construction activities. The construction activity is one of the stages of any development project. This research aims to develop a comprehensive framework using the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) for prioritizing flash flood risk index in new development projects. The methodology involves constructing a hierarchical model of flash flood risk vulnerability factors, conducting expert assessments using fuzzy logic to handle imprecise and uncertain information, and converting qualitative data into quantitative ratings. Six experts from academia, industry, and government were involved in assessing factors influencing the flash flood vulnerability during development projects’ pre-construction and construction phases. Findings reveal that construction phases and best management practices (BMPs) are critical in mitigating flash flood risks. The FAHP framework effectively prioritizes the flash flood risk index, offering a scientifically validated and flexible approach to decision-making. This study contributes to the field by providing a robust method for integrating expert judgments and handling uncertainties in flash flood risk assessment. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of FAHP in improving flood risk management for new development projects in Malaysia. This study enhances decision-making by addressing the identified gaps, ensuring more resilient and sustainable infrastructure development. Future research should focus on refining the FAHP model and developing user-friendly tools for wider urban planning and construction adoption.
Evaluation of building construction approval service quality performance in Banda Aceh City, Indonesia
Authors: Fitriana M , Mubarak M , Aulia T B , Abdullah A , Bulba A T , Saiful K P , Mastura C A W S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Building Construction Approval (BCA), is a permit issued by the government to the owner of a building or his/her representative to start construction, renovate, maintain, or change the building according to plan. Currently, there are still many of building owners who have not or are even reluctant to complete the process. Considering these conditions, this study aims to evaluate the quality of BCA services based on the level of interest and community satisfaction. This study focuses on buildings in Banda Aceh City. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 65 building owners as respondents who already have BCA permit letters using the proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data analysis applied descriptive statistics and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). The results of the study presented that the quality of BCA services based on the level of interest and community satisfaction in Banda Aceh City should consider 6 performance indicators, namely the determination of the examination date of BCA application documentations by the Professional Expert Team (PET) or Technical Assessment Team (TAT), data clarity, timeliness in completing documentations, rapid and precise service according to expectations, employee friendliness in providing services, and being able to give a good impression in providing services.
Enhancing Highway Work Zone Safety and Mobility: Risk Factors from Drivers’ Perspective
Authors: Ismail Azlina , Al-Hakim Muhammad Luqman , Puan Othman Che , Razlan Intan Suhana Mohd 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Road crashes in highway work zones continue to be a persistent issue. When a driver passes through a highway work zone, their risk of being involved in an incident is higher. Highway work zone risks are usually assessed by examining historical crash data to identify the factors contributing to crashes in these areas. This study explored a first-hand view of possible risk factors at highway work zones from the drivers’ perspective. A quantitative approach employing questionnaire distribution was conducted to achieve this study’s goal. The relative importance index (RII) was performed to provide drivers insight into the riskiest contributing factors to highway work zone crashes. The analysis revealed that inefficient nighttime delineation with the highest RII score of 0.914, is considered the riskiest contributing factor in highway work zone crashes perceived by drivers that need further scoured. This study’s findings may help decision-makers optimize safer highway work zone configurations by incorporating drivers’ risk perceptions. Raising awareness of highway work zone risks will promote safer driving practices and enhance traffic mobility, contributing to more sustainable highway work zone management.