bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interplay of gut microbiota and host epithelial mitochondrial dysfunction is necessary for the development of spontaneous intestinal inflammation in mice
Authors: Alula Kibrom M. , Dowdell Alexander S. , LeBere Brittany , Lee J. Scott , Levens Cassandra L. , Kuhn Kristine A. , Kaipparettu Benny A. , Thompson Winston E. , Blumberg Richard S. , Colgan Sean P. , Theiss Arianne L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) mitochondrial dysfunction involvement in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease affecting the small intestine, is emerging in recent studies. As the interface between the self and the gut microbiota, IECs serve as hubs of bidirectional cross-talk between host and luminal microbiota. However, the role of mitochondrial-microbiota interaction in the ileum is largely unexplored. Prohibitin 1 (PHB1), a chaperone protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane required for optimal electron transport chain function, is decreased during IBD. We previously demonstrated that mice deficient in PHB1 specifically in IECs (Phb1i∆IEC) exhibited mitochondrial impairment, Paneth cell defects, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and spontaneous inflammation in the ileum (ileitis). Mice deficient in PHB1 in Paneth cells (epithelial secretory cells of the small intestine; Phb1∆PC) also exhibited mitochondrial impairment, Paneth cell defects, and spontaneous ileitis. Here, we determined whether this phenotype is driven by Phb1 deficiency-associated ileal microbiota alterations or direct effects of loss of PHB1 in host IECs.

Results
Depletion of gut microbiota by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment in Phb1∆PC or Phb1i∆IEC mice revealed a necessary role of microbiota to cause ileitis. Using germ-free mice colonized with ileal microbiota from Phb1-deficient mice, we show that this microbiota could not independently induce ileitis without host mitochondrial dysfunction. The luminal microbiota phenotype of Phb1i∆IEC mice included a loss of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate. Supplementation of butyrate in Phb1-deficient mice ameliorated Paneth cell abnormalities and ileitis. Phb1-deficient ileal enteroid models suggest deleterious epithelial-intrinsic responses to ileal microbiota that were protected by butyrate.

Conclusions
These results suggest a mutual and essential reinforcing interplay of gut microbiota and host IEC, including Paneth cell, mitochondrial health in influencing ileitis. Restoration of butyrate is a potential therapeutic option in Crohn’s disease patients harboring epithelial cell mitochondrial dysfunction.
Clinical and DCE-CT signs in predicting microvascular invasion in cHCC-ICC
Authors: Liao Zhong-Jian , Lu Lun , Liu Yi-Ping , Qin Geng-geng , Fan Cun-geng , Liu Yan-Ping , Jia Ning-yang , Zhang Ling 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
To predict the microvascular invasion (MVI) in patients with cHCC-ICC.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 119 patients who underwent CT enhancement scanning (from September 2006 to August 2022). They were divided into MVI-positive and MVI-negative groups.

Results
The proportion of patients with CEA elevation was higher in the MVI-positive group than in the MVI-negative group, with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.02). The MVI-positive group had a higher rate of peritumoral enhancement in the arterial phase (P = 0.01) whereas the MVI-negative group had more oval and lobulated masses (P = 0.04). According to the multivariate analysis, the increase in CEA (OR = 10.15, 95% CI: 1.11, 92.48, p = 0.04), hepatic capsular withdrawal (OR = 4.55, 95% CI: 1.44, 14.34, p = 0.01) and peritumoral enhancement (OR = 6.34, 95% CI: 2.18, 18.40, p < 0.01) are independent risk factors for predicting MVI. When these three imaging signs are combined, the specificity of MVI prediction was 70.59% (series connection), and the sensitivity was 100% (parallel connection).

Conclusions
Our multivariate analysis found that CEA elevation, liver capsule depression, and arterial phase peritumoral enhancement were independent risk factors for predicting MVI in cHCC-ICC.
Silk fibroin, gelatin, and human placenta extracellular matrix-based composite hydrogels for 3D bioprinting and soft tissue engineering
Authors: Schneider Karl Heinrich , Goldberg Benjamin J. , Hasturk Onur , Mu Xuan , Dötzlhofer Marvin , Eder Gabriela , Theodossiou Sophia , Pichelkastner Luis , Riess Peter , Rohringer Sabrina , Kiss Herbert , Teuschl-Woller Andreas H. , Fitzpatrick Vincent , Enayati Marjan , Podesser Bruno K. , Bergmeister Helga , Kaplan David L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
There is a great clinical need and it remains a challenge to develop artificial soft tissue constructs that can mimic the biomechanical properties and bioactivity of natural tissue. This is partly due to the lack of suitable biomaterials. Hydrogels made from human placenta offer high bioactivity and represent a potential solution to create animal-free 3D bioprinting systems that are both sustainable and acceptable, as placenta is widely considered medical waste. A combination with silk and gelatin polymers can bridge the biomechanical limitations of human placenta chorion extracellular matrix hydrogels (hpcECM) while maintaining their excellent bioactivity.

Method
In this study, silk fibroin (SF) and tyramine-substituted gelatin (G-TA) were enzymatically crosslinked with human placental extracellular matrix (hpcECM) to produce silk-gelatin-ECM composite hydrogels (SGE) with tunable mechanical properties, preserved elasticity, and bioactive functions. The SGE composite hydrogels were characterized in terms of gelation kinetics, protein folding, and bioactivity. The cyto- and biocompatibility of the SGE composite was determined by in vitro cell culture and subcutaneous implantation in a rat model, respectively. The most cell-supportive SGE formulation was then used for 3-dimensional (3D) bioprinting that induced chemical crosslinking during extrusion.

Conclusion
Addition of G-TA improved the mechanical properties of the SGE composite hydrogels and inhibited crystallization and subsequent stiffening of SF for up to one month. SGE hydrogels exhibit improved and tunable biomechanical properties and high bioactivity for encapsulated cells. In addition, its use as a bioink for 3D bioprinting with free reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH) has been validated, opening the possibility to fabricate highly complex scaffolds for artificial soft tissue constructs with natural biomechanics in future.

Graphical Abstract
Distance simulation in the health professions: a scoping review
Authors: Elkin Rachel , Duff Jonathan P. , LaForest Marian L. , Stapleton Stephanie , Ramachandra Geethanjali , Palaganas Janice C. , Gross Isabel T. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Distance simulation is defined as simulation experiences in which participants and/or facilitators are separated from each other by geographic distance and/or time. The use of distance simulation as an education technique expanded rapidly with the recent COVID-19 pandemic, with a concomitant increase in scholarly work.

Methods
A scoping review was performed to review and characterize the distance simulation literature. With the assistance of an informationist, the literature was systematically searched. Each abstract was reviewed by two researchers and disagreements were addressed by consensus. Risk of bias of the included studies was evaluated using the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) and Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools.

Results
Six thousand nine hundred sixty-nine abstracts were screened, ultimately leading to 124 papers in the final dataset for extraction. A variety of simulation modalities, contexts, and distance simulation technologies were identified, with activities covering a range of content areas. Only 72 papers presented outcomes and sufficient detail to be analyzed for risk of bias. Most studies had moderate to high risk of bias, most commonly related to confounding factors, intervention classification, or measurement of outcomes.

Conclusions
Most of the papers reviewed during the more than 20-year time period captured in this study presented early work or low-level outcomes. More standardization around reporting is needed to facilitate a clear and shared understanding of future distance simulation research. As the broader simulation community gains more experience with distance simulation, more studies are needed to inform when and how it should be used.
Extending the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium Model of Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Gard Charlotte C. , Tice Jeffrey A. , Miglioretti Diana L. , Sprague Brian L. , Bissell Michael C.S. , Henderson Louise M. , Kerlikowske Karla 
Published: November 2023

PURPOSE
We extended the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) version 2 (v2) model of invasive breast cancer risk to include BMI, extended family history of breast cancer, and age at first live birth (version 3 [v3]) to better inform appropriate breast cancer prevention therapies and risk-based screening.

METHODS
We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the age- and race- and ethnicity-specific relative hazards for family history of breast cancer, breast density, history of benign breast biopsy, BMI, and age at first live birth for invasive breast cancer in the BCSC cohort. We evaluated calibration using the ratio of expected-to-observed (E/O) invasive breast cancers in the cohort and discrimination using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).

RESULTS

We analyzed data from 1,455,493 women age 35-79 years without a history of breast cancer. During a mean follow-up of 7.3 years, 30,266 women were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. The BCSC v3 model had an E/O of 1.03 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.04) and an AUROC of 0.646 for 5-year risk. Compared with the v2 model, discrimination of the v3 model improved most in Asian, White, and Black women. Among women with a BMI of 30.0-34.9 kg/m
2
, the true-positive rate in women with an estimated 5-year risk of 3% or higher increased from 10.0% (v2) to 19.8% (v3) and the improvement was greater among women with a BMI of ≥35 kg/m
2
(7.6%-19.8%).

CONCLUSION
The BCSC v3 model updates an already well-calibrated and validated breast cancer risk assessment tool to include additional important risk factors. The inclusion of BMI was associated with the largest improvement in estimated risk for individual women.
Association of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals With the Metabolic Syndrome Among Women in the Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Ihenacho Ugonna , Guillermo Cherie , Wilkens Lynne R , Franke Adrian A , Tseng Chiuchen , Li Yuqing , Sangaramoorthy Meera , Derouen Mindy C , Haiman Christopher A , Stram Daniel O , Le Marchand Loïc , Cheng Iona , Wu Anna H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death among women. MetS is a diagnosis of at least 3 of the following: high blood pressure, high fasting glucose, high triglycerides, high waist circumference, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Epidemiological studies suggest that endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) exposure is positively associated with individual components of MetS, but evidence of an association between EDCs and MetS remains inconsistent. In a cross-sectional analysis within the Multiethnic Cohort Study, we evaluated the association between 4 classes of urinary EDCs (bisphenol A [BPA], triclosan, parabens, and phthalates) and MetS among 1728 women. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% CI for the association between tertiles of each EDC and MetS adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), racial and ethnic group, and breast cancer status. Stratified analyses by race and ethnicity and BMI were conducted. MetS was identified in 519 (30.0%) women. We did not detect statistically significant associations of MetS with BPA, triclosan, or phthalate metabolite excretion. MetS was inversely associated with total parabens (Ptrend = .002). Although there were suggestive inverse associations between EDCs and MetS among Latino and African American women, and women with BMI &lt; 30 kg/m2, there was no statistically significant heterogeneity in associations by race and ethnicity or BMI. These findings suggest an inverse association between parabens and MetS in larger multiethnic studies. Prospective analyses to investigate suggested differences in associations by race, ethnicity, and BMI are warranted.
Effect of breather device on respiratory muscle strength and quality of life in coronary artery bypass grafting patients: A randomised control trial protocol
Authors: Nikhade Dhanashri N. , Vardhan Vishnu 
Published: November 2023

Coronary artery bypass surgery is widely spread and done for multiple vessel disease, and still a well-established therapy option for coronary artery disease. Reduced respiratory muscle strength has been linked to decreased functional capacity in heart surgery, which has been linked to a prolonged recovery period for lung functions and onset of physical deconditioning, which can last for more than a week. Other common postoperative complications include urinary tract infections, renal failure, limb ischemia, pleural effusion, and hematologic abnormalities. Alterations in lung capacity and size, malfunction of the alveoli, decrease in the central respiratory stimulus, and mechanical issues with thoracic function are all brought on by respiratory consequences. Therefore, to prevent or reduce postoperative pulmonary complications, it is typically advised that patients who have had heart surgery engage in breathing exercises and chest physical therapy. The Breather is a breathing apparatus that uses resistance breathing through various-sized orifices to strengthen respiratory muscles. In addition to healthy people and athletes, breather devices can be used for training, therapy, prevention, or rehabilitation of a variety of pulmonary and other disorders. As there is limited literature showing the efficacy of a breather device in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients, therefore a need for a study to find the efficacy of a breather device in assessing strength of respiratory muscle and quality of life in CABG patients. Treatment will be given for three weeks with five sessions per week twice a day. Pre- and post-treatment outcomes will be noted. In this study, results are expected to prove the Breather device is as effective or more effective than conventional chest physiotherapy for refining respiratory muscle strength and quality of life. CTRI registration: CTRI/2023/05/053052
Modeling Financial Products and Their Supply Chains
Authors: Bjarnadóttir Margrét Vilborg , Raschid Louiqa 
Published: November 2023

The objective of this paper is to explore how novel financial datasets and machine learning methods can be applied to model and understand financial products. We focus on residential mortgage backed securities, resMBS, which were at the heart of the 2008 US financial crisis. These securities are contained within a prospectus and have a complex waterfall payoff structure. Multiple financial institutions form a supply chain to create the prospectuses. To model this supply chain, we use unsupervised probabilistic methods, particularly dynamic topics models (DTM), to extract a set of features reflecting community (topic) formation and temporal evolution along the chain. We then provide insight into the performance of the resMBS securities and the impact of the supply chain communities through a series of increasingly comprehensive models. First, models at the security level directly identify salient features of resMBS securities that impact their performance. We then extend the model to include prospectus level features and demonstrate that the composition of the prospectus is significant. Our model also shows that communities along the supply chain that are associated with the generation of the prospectuses and securities have an impact on performance. We are the first to show that toxic communities that are closely linked to financial institutions that played a key role in the subprime crisis can increase the risk of failure of resMBS securities.History: Olivia Sheng served as the senior editor for this article.Funding: This research was partially supported by National Science Foundation [Grant CNS1305368] and National Institute of Standards and Technology [Grant 70NANB15H194].Data Ethics & Reproducibility Note: No data ethics considerations are foreseen related to this article. The code capsule is available on Code Ocean at https://doi.org/10.24433/CO.8845455.v1 and in the e-Companion to this article (available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2020.0006 ).
PERIPROSTHETIC HIP FRACTURES MANAGED BY REVISION ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Mahajan Uday , Mehta Sonu , Kotecha Amit 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn general the life expectancy of population is improving. This is causing to increase case load of peri-prosthesis fractures after joint replacements. We present our results of peri-prosthesis fracture around hip managed by revision arthroplasty.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 24 consecutive patients of periprosthetic hip fracture treated with a revision arthroplasty at Major Trauma Centre between February 2021 and January 2022.Results12 male and 12 female patients, average age 78 years. 3 fractures around BHR prosthesis, 2 type A, 15 type B and 3 of type C (Vancouver). The surgery was done in an average 6 days after injury (range 1–14). 6 patients died in follow up, 1 patient contracted infection, 2 developed LLD and 1 patient had multiple dislocations. 6 patients had revision using endo-prosthesis. Advanced age with peri-prosthesis fracture has increased risk of mortality (average age 84.5 years).ConclusionEndo-prosthesis replacement had higher risk of dislocation, infection and mortality. Overall patients do well after a revision arthroplasty for periprosthetic hip fracture.Declaration of Interest(b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project.
PREVALENCE OF RAMP LESION IN ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURIES INCREASES WITH DELAYS
Authors: Alieldin Ehab , Samir Mohamed 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe medial meniscus is crescent shaped and it is wider posteriorly than anteriorly. It covers up to 60 % of the articular surface of medial tibial condyle and helps with the loading distribution in the medial compartment. Meniscal lesions occur in association with ACL tears in 60 % of the time. The posterior aspect of the menisco-capsular junction is known as the meniscal rampzone. If not addressed during surgery, it could lead to unfavourable results.ObjectiveIncidence of ramp lesion following ACL injuries.MethodsObservational study of 100 patients at EL Hadara Main University Hospital who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. MRI and arthroscopic diagnosis was done to detect Ramp lesions associated with ACL ruptures in November 2017 till November 2019.ResultsIncidence was 9%. Duration of injury and increased medial meniscal slope were associated with increased incidence of ramp lesion. MRI signs were present in 79% of cases without Ramp lesion, 100% in Cases with ramp lesion. Mode of Injury and presence of locking or giving way symptoms were not associated with increased incidence.ConclusionThe ramp lesion at the posterior aspect of the meniscus is difficult to visualize from standard anterior portals and is, therefore, frequently missed and can be underestimated. Also, there are no specific MRI signs of this lesion. The overall incidence of ramp lesions in 100 cases that had undergone ACL reconstruction in our study was 9 %. It was found also that the longer the duration from injury, the more likely ramp lesion would occur.Declaration of Interest(b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project.
ORTHOPOD: PREDICTING INJURY PROPORTIONALITY FROM NECK OF FEMUR FRACTURES
Authors: Morris Timoth , Fouweather Maisie , Walshaw Thomas , Wei Nicholas , Baldock Thomas , Eardley William 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe need to accurately forecast the injury burden has never been higher. With an aging, ever expanding trauma population and less than half of the beds available compared to 1990, the National Health Service (NHS) is stretched to breaking point1,2. Resultantly, we aimed to determine whether it is possible to predict the proportionality of injuries treated operatively within orthopaedic departments based on their number of Neck of Femur fracture (NOF) patients reported both in our study and the National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD).MethodsWe utilised the ORthopaedic trauma hospital outcomes - Patient operative delays (ORTHOPOD) dataset of 22,585 trauma patients across the four countries of the United Kingdom (UK) admitted to 83 hospitals between 22/08/22 – 16/10/22. This dataset had two arms: arm one was assessing the caseload and theatre capacity, arm two assessed the patient, injury and management demographics.ResultsOur results complied with the data reported to the NHFD in over 80% of cases for both the 2022 and five-year average reported numbers. More operations were performed for elderly hip fractures alone than for the combined totals of the next four most common fractures: ankle, distal radius, tibial shaft and forearm (6387 vs 5922). Conversely, 10 out of the 13 fracture types were not encountered by at least one hospital and 93% of hospitals encountered less than 2 fractures of a certain type.60% of trauma is treated within Trauma Units (TUs) however, per unit, Major Trauma Centres (MTCs) treat approximately 43% more patients. Similarly, 11 out of the 14 fracture types examined presented more frequently to a MTC however 3 of the most common fractures had a preponderance for TUs (elderly hip, distal radius and forearm fractures). After excluding NOF, lower limb fractures accounted for approximately 57% of fractures in all countries and ankle and distal radius fracture combined comprised more than 50% in 74% of regions. There were few outliers across the study regarding number of fractures treated by a hospital with tibial shaft fractures demonstrating the highest number of outliers with 4.ConclusionsThe number of hip fractures seen on average by an individual unit remains relatively consistent as does the regional variation of any given fracture; resultantly, it is possible to predict injury proportionality based off a unit's hip fracture numbers. This powerful tool could transform both resource allocation and recruitment.Declaration of Interest(b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project.