bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The simulation heuristic and visual imagery in pessimism for future negative events in anxiety
Authors: Raune David , MacLeod Andrew , Holmes Emily A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA salient feature of clinical anxiety and its disorders is an elevated subjective probability judgement that future negative events will happen to the individual. A neglected area of research is the cognitive mechanisms that might underlie this judgement in patient populations. First, we investigated the ease of being able to simulate imaginary negative events happening to the individual (‘the simulation heuristic’). Second, we conducted the first investigation to our knowledge into the possible role of visual imagery characteristics on subjective probability for negative events. Twenty‐six patients who had a clinical level of anxiety and 26 low‐anxiety control participants simulated mentally and also formed visual images of future negative events. They then rated the likelihood of the events happening to them. As predicted, with anxious patients the simulation heuristic was correlated with subjective probability, and they reported increased access to their simulations compared to control participants. The visual image results were more complex: anxious patients' ease of image formation was correlated with subjective probability but did not differ from that of the control participants, and vividness and dismissibility were enhanced in anxious patients but did not correlate with subjective probability. Clinically, helping anxious patients to improve their access to simulations of why events will not happen may help lower their subjective probability. Future research could seek to confirm this experimentally in a clinical intervention study, as well as isolate further the different roles particular visual image characteristics may play in specific aspects of clinical anxiety. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Pyrazines from the Myxobacterium Chondromyces crocatus and Marine Bacteria
Authors: Dickschat Jeroen S. , Reichenbach Hans , Wagner‐Döbler Irene , Schulz Stefan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe volatiles released by two strains of the myxobacterium Chondromyces crocatus and seven strains of marine Alphaproteobacteria from the North Sea were collected using the CLSA or SPME headspace methods and analysed by GC‐MS. In the extracts of C. crocatus 27 pyrazines were identified, belonging to different classes. 2,5‐Dialkylpyrazines and related 3‐methoxy‐2,5‐dialkylpyrazines dominated. Several pyrazines like 2‐(1‐methylethenyl)‐5‐(1‐methylethyl)pyrazine (7) and 3‐methoxy‐2,5‐dialkylpyrazines with methyl, isopropyl, isobutyl or sec‐butyl side‐chains were obtained from natural sources for the first time. It was essential for the identification to rely on synthetic reference materials, which were obtained using Fürstner’s iron‐catalysed coupling of chloropyrazines with Grignard reagents or condensation of azido ketones as key steps. The synthetic material allowed the identification of two previously unknown attractants of bacterial origin for the pineapple beetle Carpophilus humeralis, namely 3‐methoxy‐2‐(1‐methylpropyl)‐5‐(2‐methylpropyl)pyrazine (17) and 3‐methoxy‐2,5‐bis(1‐methylpropyl)pyrazine (52). Several 2,5‐dialkylpyrazines were identified in the extracts of the marine Alphaproteobacteria. The unique 2,5‐dimethyl‐3‐(methylsulfanyl)pyrazine (67) represents a new type of natural pyrazine. Our results, together with literature reports, show that pyrazines are an important class of bacterial volatiles which might be more widespread than previously thought. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Generation of a conditionally null allele of the laminin α1 gene
Authors: Alpy F. , Jivkov I. , Sorokin L. , Klein A. , Arnold C. , Huss Y. , Kedinger M. , Simon‐Assmann P. , Lefebvre O. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractLaminins are heterotrimeric glycoproteins of the basement membranes. Laminin 1 (α1, β1, γ1) is the major laminin expressed during early mouse embryogenesis. To gain access to the physiological function of laminin α1 chain, we developed a conditionally null allele of its encoding gene (Lama1) using the cre/loxP system. Floxed‐allele‐carrying mice (Lama1flox/flox) display no overt phenotype. Lama1flox/flox mice were crossed with transgenic deleter mice (CMV‐Cre) to generate Lama1‐deficient mice (Lama1Δ/Δ). Lama1Δ/Δ embryos die during the early postimplantation period after embryonic day 6.5. They lack Reichert's membrane, an extraembryonic basement membrane in which laminin α1 is normally highly expressed. In parallel, Lama1Δ/Δ embryos display 1) parietal and visceral endoderm differentiation defects with altered expression of cytokeratin 19 and GATA4, respectively, and 2) an induction of apoptosis. This new mouse model is of particular interest as it will allow time‐ and tissue‐specific inactivation of the Lama1 gene in various organs. genesis 43:59–70, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noninvasive visualization of molecular events in the mammalian zygote
Authors: Yamagata Kazuo , Yamazaki Taiga , Yamashita Misuzu , Hara Yuki , Ogonuki Narumi , Ogura Atsuo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFollowing fertilization, a number of molecular events are triggered in the mammalian zygote. As biochemical studies using mammalian gametes and zygotes have inherent difficulties, the molecular nature of these processes is currently unclear. We have developed a method to visualize these events. In vitro transcribed mRNAs encoding for proteins fused with green fluorescent protein were microinjected into oocytes or embryos and fluorescence signals were observed. Using this technique we succeeded in obtaining images of the DNA methylation status in living mouse and rabbit embryos. Moreover, time‐lapse images were acquired of spindle and nuclear formation during second meiosis and first mitosis. Importantly, the microinjected embryos developed to the normal offspring even after observation, suggesting that the technique is relatively noninvasive. Thus, our method may help elucidate the molecular aspects of fertilization and preimplantation development and, based on the real‐time genetic and epigenetic status, could become a tool to select “good quality” embryos before implantation. genesis 43:71–79, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physical characterization of different‐roughness titanium surfaces, with and without hydroxyapatite coating, and their effect on human osteoblast‐like cells
Authors: Borsari Veronica , Giavaresi Gianluca , Fini Milena , Torricelli Paola , Salito Armando , Chiesa Roberto , Chiusoli Loris , Volpert Andreas , Rimondini Lia , Giardino Roberto 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize and compare various titanium (Ti) and hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on Ti6Al4V, in view of their application on noncemented orthopedic implants. Two innovative vacuum plasma sprayed (VPS) coatings, the first of ultrahigh rough and dense Ti (PG60, Ra = 74 μm) and the second of ultrahigh rough and dense Ti coated with HA (HPG60, Ra = 52 μm), have been developed, and the response of osteoblast‐like cells (MG‐63) seeded on these new coatings was evaluated in comparison to: a low roughness and sandblasted (Ti/SA, Ra = 4μm) Ti6Al4V surface; Ti medium (TI01, Ra = 18 μm), and high (TI60, Ra = 40μm) roughness VPS coatings; and the relative Ti plus HA duplex coatings (HT01, Ra = 12 μm and HT60, Ra = 36 μm respectively), also obtained by VPS. PG60 coating presented no open porosity, making it dense and potentially intrinsically stronger. Cell adhesion and proliferation on PG60 was similar to those of the smoothest one (Ti/SA) and adhesion on ultrahigh roughness was lower than the medium‐ and high‐roughness coatings, whereas cell proliferation on PG60 was lower than TI60. The HA coating determined significant increases in cell proliferation at medium and high roughness levels when compared to the relative Ti coating, but not compared to the ultrahigh one; all HA‐coated surfaces showed a decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen I production. Surface morphology and the HA coating strongly affected cell behavior. However, ultrahigh values of roughness are not correctly seen by cells, and the presence of HA has no improving effects. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005
Binding of Adenosine to Pendant Phenylboronate Groups of Thermoresponsive Copolymer: a Quantitative Study
Authors: Ivanov Alexander E. , Galaev Igor Yu. , Mattiasson Bo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: Binding of adenosine to the thermosensitive copolymer of N‐isopropylacrylamide and 3‐(acrylamido)aminophenylboronic acid (82:18, $\overline M _{\rm n}$ = 47 000 g · mol−1) was studied by equilibrium dialysis at 22 °C and 37 °C, in a 0.1 M glycine buffer containing 0.1 M NaCl at pH 9.2. The copolymer exhibited a the phase transition temperature (Tp) of 26.5 °C under the above conditions. At 22 °C the binding of adenosine to the water‐soluble copolymer was well described by a Langmuir model, accounting for preferential ionisation of the boronate‐nucleoside complexes and, therefore, restricted reactivity of the rest of boronates. At saturation, the copolymer contained 38% of its phenylboronic acid groups in the form of complexes, whereas the association constant was 1 400 M−1. At 37 °C no binding of adenosine to thermally precipitated copolymer was found, presumably owing to interaction of the phenylboronates with hydrophobic segments of polyNIPAM. At high loading of the copolymer by the reversibly bound adenosine the Tp steeply increases with increasing fraction of the phenylboronate‐adenosine complexes in the chains. The increase of the Tp observed above the saturating adenosine concentration (>1 × 10−3 M, 22 °C) very probably testifies to competition of the nucleoside with hydrophobic polyNIPAM segments for binding to the pendant phenylboronates.Scheme of the specific complex formation between adenosine and the pendent boronate groups of AAPBA‐NIPAM copolymer.magnified imageScheme of the specific complex formation between adenosine and the pendent boronate groups of AAPBA‐NIPAM copolymer.
Synthesis and characterization of thiophene functionalized polystyrene copolymers and their electrochemical properties
Authors: Sahin Elif , Camurlu Pinar , Toppare Levent , Mercore Viorela M , Cianga Ioan , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThiophene functionalized polystyrene samples (TFPS) were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene, followed by Suzuki coupling with 3‐thiophene (Th) boronic acid. Conducting graft polymer of TFPS with thiophene was achieved at 1.5 V in tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate/dichloromethane (TBAFB/DM) by electrochemical methods. Spectroelectrochemical analysis of the resulting copolymers [P(TFPS‐co‐Th)] reflected electronic transitions at 449, 721 and 880 nm, revealing π − π* transition, polaron and bipolaron band formation, respectively. We also successfully established the utilization of dual type complementary colored polymer electrochromic devices using P(TFPS‐co‐Th)/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) in sandwich configuration. The switching ability, stability and optical memory of the electrochromic device were investigated by UV–visible spectrophotometry and cyclic voltammetry. Device switches between brown and blue color with a switching time of 1.3 s were prepared with optical contrast (%ΔT) of 25 %. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characterization of thermally stable sulfonated polybenzimidazoles obtained from 3,3′‐disulfonyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxyldiphenylsulfone
Authors: Qing Shengbo , Huang Wei , Yan Deyue 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA novel sulfonated aromatic diacid, 3,3′‐disulfonyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxyldiphenylsulfone (DSDCDPS), was successfully synthesized from 4,4′‐dimethyldiphenylsulfone by sulfonation and further oxidation. A series of sulfonated polybenzimidazoles (sPBI‐SS) with various sulfonation degrees was prepared from DSDCDPS, 4,4′‐sulfonyldibenzoic acid and 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine by solution copolycondensation in poly(phosphoric acid). The chemical structure of the resulting sPBI‐SS was confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR. The DSDCDPS‐based sPBI‐SS with the number‐average molecular weights of 32,000–55,000 were easy to dissolve in polar aprotic solvents such as DMF, DMSO, and DMAc, and could be cast into transparent, tough, and flexible membranes. The membranes presented good thermal stabilities (5% weight loss temperatures higher than 430 °C), and the thermal degradation activation energies of the sulfonic group of sPBI‐SS40 evaluated under N2 by both Ozawa and Kissinger methods were 266.06 and 264.79 kJ/mol, respectively. The membranes also exhibited high storage moduli, glass transition temperatures (above 238 °C) and tensile strengths (∼80 MPa), in addition to water uptakes (22.3–25.2%) and low swelling degrees (<14.0%). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 43: 4363–4372, 2005
Synthesis and properties of polyimide ionomers containing sulfoalkoxy and fluorenyl groups
Authors: Yasuda Tomohiro , Miyatake Kenji , Hirai Michiko , Nanasawa Masato , Watanabe Masahiro 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA series of sulfopropylated and sulfobutylated polyimide copolymers containing fluorenyl groups, SPI‐4, were synthesized to investigate the effect of alkyl side chains on the properties (stability, mechanical strength, water uptake, and proton conductivity) of the polymimide electrolyte membranes. SPI‐4 showed much better hydrolytic stability (in 10% MeOH aq at 100 °C) than the main chain sulfonated polyimide, SPI‐1. Tough, flexible, and ductile membranes were obtained from these copolymers. At high relative humidity all the SPI‐4 membranes showed high mechanical properties (>34 MPa of the maximum stress) and proton conductivity (>0.1 Scm−1). These properties are comparable to or even better than those of the perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer (Nafion 112). The new polyimide ionomers have proved to be a possible candidate as polymer electrolyte membrane for PEFCs and DMFCs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4439–4445, 2005
Star‐shaped polystyrenes with glycoconjugated periphery and interior: Synthesis and entrapment of hydrophilic molecule
Authors: Narumi Atsushi , Yamane Shin , Miura Yutaka , Kaga Harumi , Satoh Toshifumi , Kakuchi Toyoji 
Published: August 2005

AbstractStar‐shaped polystyrenes with acetyl glucose in the periphery and interior were synthesized via two‐steps, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO)‐mediated living radical polymerizations. In the first step, styrene (St) was polymerized with 4‐[1′‐(2″,2″,6″,6″‐tetramethyl‐1″‐piperidinyloxy)ethyl]phenyl 2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, 1, at 120 °C to afford a TEMPO‐terminated polystyrene with acetyl glucose in the chain‐end, arm‐polymer 2. Similarly, St was polymerized with 1‐phenyl‐1‐(2′,2′,6′,6′‐tetramethyl‐1′‐piperidinyloxy)ethane, 3, to obtain a TEMPO‐terminated polystyrene, arm‐polymer 4. In the second step, the coupling reaction of arm‐polymer 2 was performed using divinylbenzene (DVB) as a linking agent in m‐xylene at 138 °C, giving a star‐shaped polystyrene with acetyl glucose in the periphery, 5. The coupling reaction of arm‐polymer 4 with DVB was carried out in the presence of 1, which produced a star‐shaped polystyrene with acetyl glucose in the interior, 6. Dynamic laser light scattering (DLS) measurements indicated that 5 and 6 existed as the particles in toluene with the average diameters ranging from 12–40 nm. The numbers of the arm (Narm) were 12–23 and 6–64 for 5 and 6, respectively, which were determined by their isolated yields and static laser light scattering (SLS) measurements. The numbers of the acetyl glucose units (N1) were 12–23 and 9–104 for 5 and 6, respectively, which were determined from specific rotation ([α]365). Finally, 5 and 6 were modified by deacetylation using sodium methoxide, producing star‐shaped polystyrenes with glucose in the periphery and interior, 7 and 8, respectively. The final architectures were found to entrap a hydrophilic molecule at their glycoconjugated periphery or interior in good solvents for polystyrene such as chloroform. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4373–4381, 2005
Water‐soluble poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) copolymer: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Bianchi Catherine , Grassl Bruno , François Bernard , Dagron‐Lartigau Christine 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWater‐soluble and photoluminescent block copolymers [poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (PEO‐b‐PPV)] were synthesized, in two steps, by the addition of α‐halo‐α′‐alkylsulfinyl‐p‐xylene from activated poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains in tetrahydrofuran at 25 °C. This copolymerization, which was derived from the Vanderzande poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (PPV) synthesis, led to partly converted PEO‐b‐PPV block copolymers mixed with unreacted PEO chains. The yield, length, and composition of these added sequences depended on the experimental conditions, namely, the order of reagent addition, the nature of the monomers, and the addition of an extra base. The addition of lithium tert‐butoxide increased the length of the PPV precursor sequence and reduced spontaneous conversion. The conversion into PPV could be achieved in a second step by a thermal treatment. A spectral analysis of the reactive medium and the composition of the resulting polymers revealed new evidence for an anionic mechanism of the copolymerization process under our experimental conditions. Moreover, the photoluminescence yields were strongly dependant on the conjugation length and on the solvent, with a maximum (70%) in tetrahydrofuran and a minimum (<1%) in water. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4337–4350, 2005
A novel cyclic dithiocarbonate having siloxane moiety; Approach to curable siloxane oligomer
Authors: Uenishi Kazuya , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA novel 5‐membered cyclic dithiocarbonate (DTC) having a siloxane moiety, 5‐(3‐trimethoxysilylpropyloxymethyl)‐1,3‐oxathiolane‐2‐thione, was synthesized from the corresponding epoxide precursor by its cycloaddition with carbon disulfide. The siloxane group underwent condensation reaction by the treatment with water and a basic or acidic catalyst, to afford the corresponding oligomer having siloxane main chain and DTC pendant. The resulting oligomer was liquid and soluble in organic solvents such as THF and chloroform. Treatment of the oligomer with amines resulted in selective ring‐opening reaction of the DTC group, generating a thiol group, which underwent oxidative coupling reaction to make the oligomer successfully cured. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4422–4430, 2005
Communication and decision‐making about seeking inherited cancer risk information: findings from female survivor‐relative focus groups
Authors: Mellon Suzanne , Berry‐Bobovski Lisa , Gold Robin , Levin Nancy , Tainsky Michael A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDramatic advances in cancer genetics and identification of germline mutations in cancer genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 have led to new options in genetic risk assessment for families with histories of breast and ovarian cancer. However, little research has been carried out with individuals and their families regarding how cancer risk information is communicated within families and factors that may affect individuals and family members making informed decisions about their health. This study explored participants' knowledge of cancer risk, their perceptions and concerns regarding inherited cancer risk information, family communication patterns, and factors that may affect their decision to learn about inherited cancer risk in their families. Nine focus groups of family dyads were conducted (N=39) consisting of breast or ovarian cancer patients and close female relatives. All transcribed interviews were analyzed using qualitative software. Key findings showed diversity in how families communicated and made decisions about their health, persistent worry for their families, lack of knowledge about inherited cancer, vigilance in watching their health, and barriers present in communicating about genetic risk. Results from this study support inclusion of family members in addressing inherited cancer risk information and contextual family factors critical to consider in potentially high risk families. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical activity among breast cancer survivors: regular exercisers vs participants in a physical activity intervention
Authors: Rabin Carolyn S. , Pinto Bernardine M. , Trunzo Joseph J. , Frierson Georita M. , Bucknam Lynn M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground: Secondary prevention is of great importance in the cancer survivor population, given the substantial medical risks survivors face. Consequently, researchers have begun developing interventions that target behavioral risk factors, such as sedentary lifestyle, among survivors. This study represents a novel approach for evaluating the efficacy of a physical activity intervention for breast cancer survivors.Methods: Repeated measures analyses were used to compare a group of previously sedentary breast cancer survivors offered a physical activity intervention (n=43) with a group of regularly active survivors (n=40). These two groups were compared on select behavioral and psychosocial measures associated with physical activity.Results: Results indicated significant time × group effects on the following: behavioral processes of change, minutes of moderate‐intensity activity/week, and time to complete the one‐mile walk test (a measure of fitness). There was also a borderline significant interaction for self‐efficacy. Contrasts indicated that, for each interaction, previously sedentary and regularly active survivors differed at baseline, but were not significantly different postintervention.Conclusions: Thus, after completing a 12‐week physical activity intervention, previously sedentary breast cancer survivors became similar to regularly active survivors on select behavioral and psychosocial measures associated with physical activity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differences in patterns of depression after treatment for breast cancer
Authors: Deshields Teresa , Tibbs Tiffany , Fan Ming‐Yu , Taylor Marie 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDepression is a significant problem for some breast cancer survivors after the end of treatment. This study assessed depression using the CES‐D for 84 breast cancer patients at the conclusion of radiation treatment, and at 3 and 6 months post‐treatment. Based on the pattern of CES‐D scores, patients were divided into five groups: (1) Stay Depressed (scores above clinical cutoff for depression at all timepoints); (2) Recover (above threshold at baseline, but below at follow‐up); (3) Become Depressed (below threshold at baseline, but above at follow‐up); (4) Never Depressed (below threshold at all times); and (5) Vacillate (none of the above patterns). This study examined the relationships between depression groups and a variety of medical, demographic, and psychological measures, including anxiety and quality of life (QOL). Number of children at home significantly distinguished the groups, with the Become Depressed group having more children and the Vacillate group having fewer children. Anxiety levels were different among the groups, with Recover and Never Depressed groups having consistently lower anxiety scores. QOL scores also distinguished the groups in that Never Depressed patients demonstrated better QOL than all other groups. The findings have implications for understanding resilience in cancer patients. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.