bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T
Authors: Ellis Peter Berresford 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tabhfheis. [I] The Bull Feast. A ceremony associated with the choosing of the High Kings of Ireland. A druid would eat the flesh of a bull and drink its blood. He was then put to sleep by four other druids. The person that he dreamed of was the one chosen to become High King. If he lied about his vision, the gods would destroy him.
Y
Authors: Ellis Peter Berresford 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Yspaddaden Pencawr. [W] “Chief Giant,” whose daughter is Olwen. In the story of “Culhwch and Olwen,” the stepmother of Culhwch ap Cilydd ordains that he will never win a wife until he wins the love of Olwen. Culhwch sets out to the court of his cousin, Arthur, and requests that Arthur help him in his quest to find and win Olwen. For a year Arthur’s messengers scour the country until news of her whereabouts is obtained. Then Cei, Bedwyr, Cynddelig, Cyfarwydd, Gwrhyr Gwalstawd Ieithoedd, Gwalchmei, and Menw set out with Culhwch to the great fortress of the giant. On the way they meet a shepherd, Custennin, and stay with him. With his wife’s connivance, Olwen comes to meet them. But she cannot leave without her father’s permission.
Or Market As Cause?
Authors: Blau Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of all the recent market-based initiatives ostensibly intended to halt further downward mobility, none is more remarkable than the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. Signed into law by President Clinton, the act terminated the old program of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and replaced it with a bill that relies on the market to fortify the work ethic and moral backbone of the poor-mostly, of poor women. The law ended the federal entitlement to assistance that dated to the Social Security Act of 1935. It requires that by 2002, 50 percent of one-parent families, and 90 percent of two-parent families, participate in work activities. It also limits the maximum allowable time for receipt of public assistance to a total of five years. Had these provisions been put forth during the Reagan administration, most Republican conservatives would have admired their forthrightness but viewed them as wistfully impractical. Just one decade transformed the politics of welfare reform. By then, even though his own Department of Health and Human Services declared that it would propel another 1.1 million children into poverty, it was William Jefferson Clinton, a Democratic president, who signed the bill into law.
The Urge to Outrage: The Rhetoric of Scandal
Authors: Snodgrass Chris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
HEARDSLEY “was never really bad,” Aymer Vallance once tried to explain, “He had a sort of impishly mischievous pleasure in shocking people-that was all” (Hind, UWxxii). The Victorian public may well have disagreed with Vallance’s assessment of Beardsley’s character, but it certainly did find Beardsley’s designs shocking. Leslie’s Weeklythought his art a “revolution” that stood for “the apotheosis of the ugly, the exaltation of the grotesque”; he had “undoubtedly struck out boldly for himself, with the determination to abjure all the new gods as well as the old” (90). The Westminster Reviewfound “everywhere” in Beardsley’s work “the cynic leer of fin-de-siecle decadence” (596). While Beardsley may not have been quite as avid a disciple of the revolutionary Friedrich Nietzsche as many of his compatriots (such as Havelock Ellis, whose articles on the nineties’ favorite philosopher had been given a prominent place in The Savoy),his defamiliarizing pictures championed the perspective of Nietzsche’s “new aristocracy,” whose duty it was to effect a general “transvaluation of values.”1 Indeed, Yeats attributed the sad fate of most nineties avant-garde artists to having been lashed in the public mind to Beardsley’s scandalizingly disconcerting images (Autobiography216).
“Publick Fathers” and Cursing Sons
Authors: Kamensky Jane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a sense, preaching caused the death of John Cotton. Late in 1652, as he journeyed across the Charles River “to preach a sermon at Cambridge,” Cotton “took wet in his passage over the ferry.” When it came time to deliver the homily, he noticed “a failing of his voice . . . which ever until now had been a clear, neat, audible voice, and easily heard in the most capacious auditory.” He would never recover; from his throat to his lungs, the affliction proceeded apace. Soon, those who longed to hear the “gracious words that proceeded out of” the “mouth” of this “publick father” would have to content themselves with whispers from his deathbed. At the end, he met his ultimate voicelessness peacefully, “lying speechless a few hours” before breathing “his blessed soul into the hands of his heavenly Lord.”
Saying and Unsaying
Authors: Kamensky Jane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nathan Webster’s neighbors had little respect for his authority and still less regard for his word. Webster was a liar, and worse: a man who spoke in an imperious, domineering manner, using the verbal prerogatives of his office as constable of Bradford, Massachusetts, as a pretext for berating the town’s inhabitants. As he himself put it, he often “fell to wording of it.” By 1681 (and doubtless long before), many in Bradford had grown weary of the constable’s verbal pyrotechnics. Coming together in groups of two, three, or more, standing in the fields or sitting by their hearth fires, they considered how best to salve the wounds Webster’s words had inflicted upon “so many honist men.” During one such discussion, Webster’s sister-in-law assured a neighbor, John Tenney, that her kinsman was “sory” for his conduct-implying, Tenney supposed, that regret alone could undo the damage Webster had done to the common peace.
Resonance Enhancen1ent
Authors: Sarid Dror 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents the theory of interaction of a tip mounted on a vibrating lever and an inhomogeneous external force where the mechanical resonance of the lever plays a major role in the response of the system. We start by describing the basic equations governing the operation of a bimorph used to position and vibrate the lever. Next, we introduce the concept of an effective spring constant, which accounts for force derivatives acting on a sharp tip attached to the lever. We then solve the equation of forced motion of the damped lever for three cases. In the first case, the lever, which is mounted on a vibrating bimorph, interacts with a force derivative, and its amplitude of vibration is monitored by a probe. In the second case, the lever is made to vibrate by means of the force derivative belonging to a vibrating sample and its amplitude is monitored by a probe. In the third case, the force derivative, belonging to a vibrating tip of a scanning tunneling microscope, induces a vibration in the lever whose amplitude is monitored by the tunneling current. We plot the response of each system as a function of the exciting frequency and as a function of the force derivative and discuss the results. For clarity, we use in the examples the parameters a = 1, k ““ I N/m, and Q= IO where a, k, and Qare the amplitude of vibration of the bimorph, the spring constant of the lever, and its quality factor, respectively, and the operating frequency w is scaled to that of the resonance frequency of the free lever. Also, the frequency plots have a force derivative equal to 0.5 N/m, while the force derivative plots have a frequency equal to the resonance frequency of the free lever, and the curves showing the derivatives of the amplitude are arbitrarily scaled.
Polarization Detection System
Authors: Sarid Dror 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The polarization detection system (Schonenberger and Alvarado 1990a and Anselmetti et al. 1992), shown schematically in Fig. 9.1, which is similar to that of den Boef (1989, 1990, 1991), differs from the other optical detection systems in that the amplitude of vibration of the lever is first converted into a polarization modulation that is subsequently converted into amplitude modulation. The conversion from polarization to amplitude modulation is carried out by two polarizing prisms rotated 45° relative to each other that produce an interference between s- and p-polarized fields. The output from the differential system, which has a common-mode rejection that cancels most of the laser noise, is used to image the forces across the sample. (Hane et al. 1990 show a system using two gratings to direct the light on both ends of the lever.)
Magnetic Force Microscopy
Authors: Sarid Dror 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 12 describes the principles of operation of magnetic force microscopy, which maps magnetostatic forces across the surface of a sample. Note that the interaction between a tip and a magnetic sample can also be probed using the STM (Allenspach et al. 1987, Allenspach and Bischof 1989, Wiesendanger et al. 1990, 1992, Moreland and Rice 1990b, 1991, Yi et al. 1992, DiCarlo et al. 1992, and Watanuki et al. 1992). These forces, which can be either attractive or repulsive, act between the magnetic tip supported by the flexible lever and the magnetic sample. We start with the basic theory of magnetostatics and give several examples that represent relevant cases. These include the interaction of two dipoles, the field of a uniformly magnetized sphere, and the interaction of the tip with magnetic lines written on storage media. Next we develop the theory of operation of scanning force microscopy and derive general expressions for bimorph-driven, sample-driven, and voltage-driven lever systems. The amplitude of vibration of the lever is obtained in terms of the parameters of the system and the resultant signal-to-noise ratio is discussed. We then present experimental results where polar and longitudinal magnetic domains across a sample, and magnetic fields across a recording head have been mapped. We conclude with a summary that gives working equations for each system. For recent developments, see for example Gri.itter et al. (1992), Sidles et al. (1992), Rugar et al. (1992), Volodin and Marchevsky (1992), and Goddenhenrich et al. (I 992).
Franklin Roosevelt and the Fifth Column
Authors: Macdonnell Francis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During a two-year period (from 1940 through 1942), President Franklin Roosevelt repeatedly spoke out on the gravity of the Trojan Horse menace; he warned that enemy agents had already slipped into the U.S. and were threatening to destroy the nation from within. Roosevelt also took pains to assure the public that his administration was working hard to block such nefarious activity. Through his policymaking and rhetoric, FDR played a more influential role in shaping popular attitudes toward the Fifth Column than did any other single individual.
Wealth
Authors: Konstan David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On the level of action, Aristophanes’ Plutus (Wealth), produced in 388 B.c., is not rich in conflict. From the beginning, it is clear that the good citizen Chremylus will gain the god of wealth as his ally, and such obstacles as he encounters in Wealth’s own cowardice or the opposition of ill-wishers, including the goddess Poverty, are easily disposed of. The narrative line of Chremylus’ progress, and that of his demesmen, is direct: he restores sight to the blind Plutus, holds a greedy sycophant at bay, dispenses good fortune liberally and with a benign wink at petty squabbling, and finally establishes the god in the city treasury-the temple of Athena on the acropolis-for the benefit of all Athens. How¬ ever, this straightforward trajectory, broadly conforming to the formula of Aristophanes’ other utopian comedies, conceals a fundamental thematic tension between two quite different conceptions of the nature of want and sufficiency that are phased in and out throughout the argument. The first, in the order of narrative presentation in the text, represents wealth and poverty as a function of unequal social distribution. The rich achieve their wealth at the expense of the honest poor, who are poor because they remain honest. The second conception is predicated on a notion of universal scarcity, as a result of which all alike are more or less indigent. The solutions to these two ways of representing poverty are correspondingly different: the first, or social, conception invites a program of redistribution;
Self-Tormentor
Authors: Konstan David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In New Comedy, a bride is presumed to be a virgin at the time of marriage (or, more accurately, at the time of her first marriage); if she has been violated, it is by the man who is destined to become her husband. A courtesan, on the contrary, has relations with several men, and this renders her ineligible as a conjugal partner. For the courtesan, more¬ over, love is a business, and whatever the romantic feelings that may occasionally be attributed to her, her relationships with men are in the first instance commercial. This is the basis for the common characterization of the hetaera as greedy. Marriage stands outside such mercantile transactions. Far from being acquisitive, the marriageable woman seems almost to be devoid of motives altogether. She is the object of another’s desire, and it is she who is transferred from one party to another in the conjugal transaction. The courtesan engages as an agent in the sphere of economic circulation, selling the use of herself to a purchaser, while the bride is passively given, along with a dowry, by her father or nearest male relative to the authority of her husband.
Pennsylvania State Correctional Institution at Camp Hill
Authors: Useem Bert , Camp Camille Graham , Camp George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On October 26, 1989, the Governor of Pennsylvania telephoned the authorities at Camp Hill to congratulate them for a job well done. The previous night, they had successfully terminated a brief but serious riot by negotiating the release of hostages. The institution had been peacefully secured, and the situation was calm.
A few hours after this call, inmates seized more hostages and took control of most of the facility. By early the following morning, much of the prison was in ruin. The disappointment and shock produced by this second riot proved to be the catalyst for important changes in the Pennsylvania correctional system.
Arizona State Prison Complex, Cimarron Unit
Authors: Useem Bert , Camp Camille Graham , Camp George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This one-hour disturbance by inmates at Cimarron Unit of the Arizona State Prison Complex at Tucson initially pitted inmates against inmates. It began as a fight over a cigarette lighter and escalated into a giant brawl. When prison officials intervened, inmates turned on them, and force had to be used to end the disturbance.
The Arizona State Prison at Tucson is a complex that houses 2,400 inmates in four semiautonomous units. A warden administers the complex as a whole, with each unit under the direction of a deputy warden. A number of support services are shared. For example, the Tactical Support Unit, a unit specially trained to handle riots, is staffed by members from the entire complex.
The riot was confined to the Cimarron Unit, the last of the four units to come on line (in 1986). Department officials considered the cell blocks at Cimarron to be more secure than those in the state’s other mediumsecurity facilities. Thus, Cimarron received the more difficult to manage medium-custody inmates, including gang members.
Australia, 1987: The First World Solar Challenge
Authors: Sherman Joe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Good air, or the lack of it, might have been the main driver behind the technologies James Worden and his teammates worked on at MIT in 1986 and 1987, but getting vehicles built in a less-than-ideal environment was what made them run. Or race, as it was. For what Worden and his team really loved to do was race solar cars. “It’s in my blood,” Worden saiq. In the summer of 1987, the team raced Solectria IV in the Swiss Tour de Sol.
1989-1992: Solectria’s First Years in# Business
Authors: Sherman Joe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The synergistic forces-California’s ZEV mandate, the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, the Northeast states’ seeking a clean air model and finding it in California, and GM implying it had a great clean car in the works for the future-all helped tiny Solectria Corporation keep afloat in a business atmosphere of subdued optimism. The opportunities for success, both James Worden and Anita Rajan realized, now went well beyond supplying inquisitive university teams with parts and advice. Extrapolating from the ZEV mandate and from the momentum that seemed to be building behind EV technologies, it seemed reasonable to speculate that tens of thou sands of EVs might be on America’s roads at the end of the century.
A Regulatory Minefield: The Ozone Transport Tale
Authors: Sherman Joe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Throughout 1992 and 1993, Solectria and the emerging industry in which the company was a youth-driven player with a technological edge and a lot to learn about business came into being not only because of air pollution and its impact on technology development but also because of the Pentagon’s need for quieter machines and America’s need for new jobs. The Pentagon’s need sprang from the Persian Gulf War. After the brief war, a light came on in the heads of some Pentagon planners.
“No Zero-Emission Vehicle Mandate Is a Stake In the Heart”
Authors: Sherman Joe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the summer of 1994, as the Ozone Transport Commission hearings dragged on, Solectria lost confidence that the final out come of the bureaucratic charade would be favorable to its own success. One hot afternoon in mid-August, a dispirited Arvind Rajan said, “No ZEV mandate is a stake in the heart.” James Worden was n’t quite as pessimistic. “I think the EPA will waffle for a long time over a ruling,” he said. “If half the money that’s being spent was spent on actually developing vehicles, we’d have twenty good vehicles for sale right now-whether there were man dates or not.”
Anaheim, 1994: Twelfth International Electric Vehicle Symposium
Authors: Sherman Joe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As one entered Los Angeles from the air, the city looked like a colossal salute to auto mobility. Scattered subdivisions clung to hills, commercial and industrial areas were neatly circumscribed by ribbons of asphalt. In the air there was only a mild haze: Santa Ana winds had blown most of the smog out to sea. The World Electric Vehicle Association’s twelfth biennial meeting officially opened at the original Disneyland on Walt Disney’s birth day, December 5. Over a thousand of the world’s EV elite, including engineers, policy makers, executives, and a few scattered loonies, the largest gathering of them ever, had come to the “Happiest Place in the World,” as Disneyland billed itself.
May 1995: The Seventh NESEA American Tour de Sol
Authors: Sherman Joe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Worden raced Sunrise for the first time in late May, in the Seventh American Tour de Sol. The tour began in down-and-out Waterbury, Connecticut, onetime brass capital of the United States, and ended in the trendy seaside town of Portland, Maine. Entered in the com muter category, against twenty other competitors, Sunrise ran on Ovonics nickel-metal hydride batteries, similar to those used in the Solectria Force RS the year before. The car was favored to win its category, but on the second day of the tour, between Northampton, Massachusetts, and Keene, New Hampshire, Worden got ticketed for speeding. Not by a cop, but by a race official. Penalized, Sunrise dropped into second place.
The Construction of Problems and Panics
Authors: Jenkins Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1985, Gilbert Gauthe, a Roman Catholic priest from rural Louisiana, was tried on multiple counts of child molestation. Over the next two years, the story was widely reported as a glaring instance of the serious and predatory nature of child sexual abuse and an illustration that the behavior could affect virtually any individual in any community. At first, there was little suggestion in the media that Gauthe was typical of a large section of the clergy in general, or of Catholic clergy in particular. Matters changed radically over the next decade, so that by 1992 and 1993 it was difficult to find a mainstream periodical or news program that had not covered the phenomenon of “clergy sexual abuse,” often repeatedly and in detail. This is a model example of a social problem that undergoes mushroom growth, receiving virtually no attention from media or policy makers before about 1984-1985, yet becoming a major focus of public concern within a few years.
The Ascetic Impulse
Authors: Diefendorf Barbara B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The penitential asceticism that surged with the League did not quickly abate. During the decade that followed the League’s fall, an increasing number of women responded to the continued call from the pulpit to abandon life’s vanities in favor of more spiritually rewarding pastimes. None did so more dramatically than Antoinette d’Orle´ans de Longueville, a sister of the Longueville princesses held captive in Amiens, who shocked all of elite society by running away in October 1599 to join the famously ascetic Feuillantine convent of Sainte-Scholastique in Toulouse. Kissing her young sons good-bye, she told family and friends that she was going on pilgrimage to fulfill a sacred vow, knowing that if they learned her true plans they would spare no effort in foiling them. Wanting only “to embrace God’s cross,” she traded her silken gowns for a coarse woolen habit, soft beds for bare wooden planks, and rich meals for a meager diet of black bread and bitter greens. If Antoinette d’Orle´ans’s seventeenth-century biographer can be believed, she not only endured but relished the mortifications she experienced as a Feuillantine. She “never had her fill of hair-shirts, scourges, and other corporal penitences” and took special pleasure in serving the other sisters in the refectory because this allowed her to mortify her-self more freely without its being noticed.
Torah, Written and Oral
Authors: Kraemer David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The talmudic sugya communicates by means of detailed argumentation, in which details provide the bricks and give-and-take the mortar of the final talmudic structure. The meaning of the communication depends upon both the nature of the bricks and how they are assembled, and it is essential to attend to both before any claims about the Talmud’s meaning may be made. What sorts of “bricks” are chosen? Do they repeat? Do they have the same function in different contexts? And so forth. These are all questions which the reader/student must ask. Moreover, as I suggested in the preceding chapter, the Talmud demands that the reader provide some of the “mortar” himself. He must therefore also ask where gaps are left in the Talmud’s “masonry” and what the significance of these gaps may be. Always—we, as readers, insist-there will be a meaning in this construction.
The Difference a Lens Makes
Authors: Kraemer David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What difference does a lens make? To answer this question, I now turn to other readings of texts I have read above, seeking to illustrate how different choices—different guesses concerning the genre of the text at hand—yield radically different conclusions.
I begin with Jacob Neusner’s reading of the sugya examined in chapter 3 (B.Q. 83b–84a). In his ongoing work on the Bavli, Neusner’s operative assumption (his “genre guess”) has been that the Bavli is a Mishnah commentary. Not surprisingly, his reading of the present sugya supports this assumption/conclusion is all of its details. Neusner’s immediate comments on the text at hand are these: