bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying the biological and technical sources of variation in telomere length of individual chromosomes
Authors: de Pauw E. S. D. , Roelofs H. , Zwinderman A. , van Houwelingen J. C. , Fibbe W. E. , de Knijff P. , Pearson P. L. , Tanke H. J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackgroundConsistent average length differences between species and chromosome arm differences within species indicate that telomere length is genetically determined. This seems to contradict an observed large variation in lengths of the same human telomere between metaphases of the same individual. We examined the extent to which the variation in the telomeres of the human X and Y chromosomes is heritable, induced, or technical in origin.MethodsMetaphase chromosomes were stained by fluorescence in situ hybridization with a telomere repeat‐specific probe, and fluorescence intensities of the X and Y chromosomes were measured. If telomere length variation is predominantly genetically determined and a 50% probability of meiotic recombination between the pseudo‐autosomal regions of Yp and Xp in the father is taken into account, one expects an equal chance that the Yp telomere of a son is derived from his father's Xp or Yp telomere. This implies that the Yp/Yq telomere ratios in fathers and sons will be identical in the absence of paternal meiotic recombination and different when recombination occurs.ResultsAmong five father‐son pairs, four showed similar Yp/Yq ratios (P > 0.05), whereas one pair exhibited a large difference in the Yp/Yq ratio that was attributable to a significantly longer Xp than Yp telomere in the father and a presumptive meiotic exchange between X and Y during paternal meiosis. Further, the Xq telomere exhibited a generally shorter telomere length than the others.ConclusionsThe high variation in telomere length appeared to be intracellular (between sister chromatids) and, hence, technical in nature. We found no measurable induced variation in the cells studied, implying that, if induced variation exists, it is small compared with the technical variation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow cytometric analysis of CD41‐labeled platelets isolated by the rapid, one‐step OptiPrep method from human blood
Authors: Bagamery Krisztina , Kvell Krisztian , Landau Ruth , Graham John 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackgroundAlthough platelet‐rich plasma is relatively easy to produce by centrifugation of whole blood, yields of platelets may be variable because many of them are trapped within the erythrocyte layer. Although they can be recovered by washing these cells, it is a general rule that the number of centrifugations should be kept to a minimum to avoid activation of platelets. This work describes the rapid, one‐step OptiPrep method for the isolation of highly purified platelets from human blood (buffy coat).MethodsTo provide a functionally intact and uncontaminated platelet fraction, a density gradient centrifugation was performed by using a density barrier prepared from OptiPrep. CD41 antibody staining was performed to assess the purity of the obtained platelet population by means of a FACScan flow cytometer. Platelets were identified by a morphologic gate in which events were further studied for CD41 expression. Data were analyzed by CellQuest (Becton Dickinson).ResultsPlatelet‐specific CD41 antibody staining showed that the purity of the platelet population recovered from this density barrier method was greater than 90%. The platelets showed an excellent morphologic state.ConclusionThe rapid, one‐step OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation is a reliable method for obtaining highly purified platelets from human blood that are ready for further pharmacologic investigations. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Planar cell polarity: Heading in the right direction
Authors: Kiefer Julie C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractEpithelial cells are patterned not only along their apical–basolateral axis, but also along the plane of the epithelial sheet; the latter event is regulated by the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. PCP regulates diverse outputs, such as the distal placement of a hair in all cells of the Drosophila wing, and convergent extension movements during gastrulation in the vertebrate embryo. This primer describes the molecular mechanisms that initiate and establish PCP, as well as biochemical pathways that translate PCP signaling to cell type‐specific patterning events. The primer concludes with a discussion of current topics in the field with two PCP researchers, Matt Kelley, Ph.D., and Helen McNeill, Ph.D. Developmental Dynamics 233:695–700, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An inactive X specific replication origin associated with a matrix attachment region in the human X linked HPRT gene
Authors: Koina Edda , Piper Anita 
Published: March 2005

AbstractEarly in female mammalian embryogenesis, one of the two X chromosomes is inactivated to compensate the gene dosage between males and females. One of the features of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is the late replication of the inactivated X chromosome. This study reports the identification, by competitive PCR of nascent DNA, of a replication origin in intron 2 of the human X‐linked HPRT gene, that is functional only on the inactive X. Features frequently associated with replication origins, including a peak of enhanced DNA flexibility, a perfect match to the yeast ACS sequence, a 14/15 match to the Drosophila topoisomerase II consensus, and a 20/21 match to an initiation region consensus sequence, were identified close to the replication origin. The origin is located approximately 2 kb upstream of a matrix attachment region (MAR) and also contains two A:T‐rich elements, thought to facilitate DNA unwinding. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the lower extremities: Standard‐dose vs. high‐dose gadodiamide injection
Authors: Krause Ulrich , Kroencke Thomas , Spielhaupter Erika , Taupitz Matthias , Kenn Werner , Hamm Bernd , Hahn Dietbert 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPurposeTo compare the efficacy and safety of two different doses (0.1 and 0.3 mmol/kg of body weight [BW]) of gadodiamide for contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (ce‐MRA) of the lower extremities with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (IA‐DSA).Materials and MethodsA total of 30 patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease underwent IA‐DSA and ce‐MRA from the aortic bifurcation down to the ankle. Patients were randomized to receive a total dose of 0.1 or 0.3 mmol/kg of BW gadodiamide (Omniscan, Amersham Buchler), administered intravenously as a series of three automatic bolus injections. Ce‐MRA was performed with a 1.5‐T system using a body phased‐array coil, centered stepwise over the calf, thigh, and pelvic region. A fast T1‐weighted, three‐dimensional gradient‐echo sequence was obtained before and after injection of the allocated dose. IA‐DSA was performed using the Seldinger technique and a femoral approach. The vessels under investigation were divided into 31 segments, and ce‐MRA and IA‐DSA image sets were evaluated in a double‐blind fashion for the presence of stenosis, presence of collateral vessels, vessel delineation, and overall image quality. Both dose groups were compared with regard to contrast index (CI) and signal‐ and contrast‐to‐noise ratios (SNR, CNR). The occurrence of adverse events or side effects was also documented. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated in relation to the results of stenosis grading.ResultsA total of 26 patients were entered in the efficacy evaluation, while all 30 patients were included in the safety assessment. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the 0.1 and 0.3 mmol/kg dose groups were 78.8%/93.0%/88.9% vs. 60.2.%/91.5%/83.2%, respectively. The detection of collaterals was similar to IA‐DSA for the 0.3 mmol/kg dose group (30.2% vs. 27.4%), but was lower in the 0.1 mmol/kg dose group (27.3% vs. 12.3%). The high‐dose gadodiamide injection proved to be superior to the 0.1 mmol/kg dose group with regard to vessel delineation and overall image quality (P = 0.007 and P = 0.002, respectively). The difference between the two dose groups regarding CI, SNR, and CNR was significant (P = 0.0001), in favor of the 0.3 mmol/kg dose group. No adverse events were observed in any of the patients.ConclusionCe‐MRA with gadodiamide is safe and efficacious. Comparison of two different doses with IA‐DSA as the standard of reference showed that the 0.3 mmol/kg dose is superior to the standard 0.1 mmol/kg dose with respect to contrast enhancement, vessel delineation, image quality, and detection of collaterals. However, the 0.1 mmol/kg dose was superior to the high dose in the grading of stenosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:449–454. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic resonance image‐guided trans‐septal puncture in a swine heart
Authors: Arepally Aravind , Karmarkar Parag V. , Weiss Clifford , Rodriguez E. Rene , Lederman Robert J. , Atalar Ergin 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPurposeTo test the feasibility of performing magnetic resonance (MR)‐guided trans‐septal punctures in the swine heart.Materials and MethodsAll procedures were performed in a 1.5‐T MR scanner. A novel, active MR intravascular needle system was utilized for needle tracking and septal punctures. Trans‐septal punctures were performed in five swine using electrocardiogram (ECG)‐gated high resolution and non‐ECG‐gated, real‐time MR imaging techniques. The intravascular needle was advanced over a guidewire from the femoral vein. Once the needle was in proper position, trans‐septal punctures were made.ResultsActive tracking of the needle traversing the septum was possible. The location of the catheter tip was confirmed using real time gradient recalled echo (GRE). After a confirmatory ventriculogram with gadolinium‐DTPA, a 0.014‐inch guidewire was advanced into the left atrium and left ventricle. All punctures were made with no change in cardiac rhythm or rate; postmortem analysis was performed on all animals and demonstrated that 18/19 (95%) punctures were directly through the fossa ovalis.ConclusionUsing only MR guidance and a novel active intravascular needle system, we were able to repeatedly puncture the fossa ovalis in a swine heart from a transfemoral approach, with direct visualization of all components, including the needle, the atria, the fossa ovalis, and the surrounding vasculature. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:463–467. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“For They Do not Agree in Nature With Us”
Authors: Wilson Margaret D. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The claim that Spinoza has a conception of animal mentality and consciousness that is superior to Descartes's is criticized. It is also argued that Spinoza fails to provide a coherent way of establishing what he considers to be our morally unconstrained “rights” with regard to brutes. Despite Spinoza's claim that brutes “feel,” i.e., are capable of sentience, his view that we are nonetheless entitled to treat animals in any way convenient to us is criticized. Questions are also raised as to whether Spinoza is entitled to distinguish human from bestial nature on the basis of the possession of reason.
The Cognitive Basis of Systems Integration
Authors: Paoli Massimo 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Argues that the strategic control over the technological and commercial evolution of complicated multi‐technological platforms (families of products) calls for a deep control of the processes of systems integration. Aims to define the key elements of the cognitive nature of process of systems integration and provides an epistemological reflection on personal and social knowledge. It is argued that the meta‐process of systems integration is first of all integration of knowledge: a process of processes that require a powerful control of knowledge development.
Paul
Authors: Murphy-O'Connor Jerome 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this book is to reveal the personality of Paul of Tarsus. Too long considered merely as a fountain of theological ideas, the Apostle of the Gentiles is brought to life by a strong narrative line, which reconstructs the events of his life in chronological order and in sufficient detail to give it consistency and colour. Historical imagination is tightly controlled by skilful exploitation of the evidence provided by ancient texts and monuments. His letters are seen to grow from the concrete circumstances of changing situations. His theology is born out of history.
One Third Way or Several?
Authors: Bonoli Giuliano , Powell Martin 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The chapter discusses the role of the Third Way discourse in legitimizing labour market policy reform in Britain, France, and Germany. It argues that only in Britain can a convincing causal link be drawn between the Third Way discourse and the successful implementation of supply-side reforms. In France, societal interests institutionalized in the governance of social protection continue to act as a ‘pre-political’ bulwark against state intervention in existing arrangements. In Germany, somewhat similarly, institutional factors severely limit the potential for the centre-left to either develop a single structuring discourse or to fuse historically separate policy domains, as much of the current activation agenda supposes. To the extent that efforts have advanced in this latter respect, ad hoc exploitation of contingencies and crises has proved more effective than a Third Way discourse.
Factors influencing the difference between maternal and cord blood lead
Authors: Harville E W , Hertz-Picciotto I , Schramm M , Watt-Morse M , Chantala K , Osterloh J , Parsons P J , Rogan W 
Published: March 2005

Aims:To determine the factors that affect why some infants receive higher exposures relative to the mother’s body burden than do others.Methods:A total of 159 mother-infant pairs from a cohort of women receiving prenatal care at Magee-Womens Hospital in Pittsburgh, PA from 1992 to 1995 provided blood samples at delivery for lead determination. The difference between cord and maternal blood lead concentration (PbB) and a dichotomous variable indicator of higher cord than maternal PbB, were examined as indicators of relative transfer. Women were interviewed twice during the pregnancy about lifestyle, medical history, calcium nutrition, and physical activity.Results:Higher blood pressure was associated with relatively greater cord compared with maternal PbB, as was maternal alcohol use. Sickle cell trait and higher haemoglobin were associated with a lower cord relative to maternal blood lead PbB. No association was seen with smoking, physical exertion, or calcium consumption.Conclusion:While reduction in maternal exposure will reduce fetal exposure, it may also be possible to mitigate infant lead exposure by reducing transfer from the pregnant woman. Interventions aimed at reducing blood pressure and alcohol consumption during pregnancy may be useful in this regard.
Non-rigid registration of a 3D ultrasound and a MR image data set of the female pelvic floor using a biomechanical model
Authors: Verhey Janko F , Wisser Josef , Warfield Simon K , Rexilius Jan , Kikinis Ron 
Published: March 2005

Abstract

Background
The visual combination of different modalities is essential for many medical imaging applications in the field of Computer-Assisted medical Diagnosis (CAD) to enhance the clinical information content. Clinically, incontinence is a diagnosis with high clinical prevalence and morbidity rate. The search for a method to identify risk patients and to control the success of operations is still a challenging task. The conjunction of magnetic resonance (MR) and 3D ultrasound (US) image data sets could lead to a new clinical visual representation of the morphology as we show with corresponding data sets of the female anal canal with this paper.

Methods
We present a feasibility study for a non-rigid registration technique based on a biomechanical model for MR and US image data sets of the female anal canal as a base for a new innovative clinical visual representation.

Results
It is shown in this case study that the internal and external sphincter region could be registered elastically and the registration partially corrects the compression induced by the ultrasound transducer, so the MR data set showing the native anatomy is used as a frame for the US data set showing the same region with higher resolution but distorted by the transducer

Conclusion
The morphology is of special interest in the assessment of anal incontinence and the non-rigid registration of normal clinical MR and US image data sets is a new field of the adaptation of this method incorporating the advantages of both technologies.
Effect of Locally Delivered Doxycycline Hyclate on Human Fibroblast Attachment to Subgingival Calculus
Authors: Sayed‐Suleyman Amer , Yukna Raymond A. , Vastardis Sotirios , Layman Don , Lallier Thomas 
Published: March 2005

Background: Clinical studies using locally applied doxycycline hyclate (DHV) have demonstrated significant probing depth reduction and gain in clinical attachment as a monotherapy without scaling and root planing. The mechanism for this attachment level gain to the non‐root planed tooth is not understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of locally applied doxycycline hyclate on human gingival fibroblast attachment to subgingival calculus on contaminated root surfaces.Methods: Two separate experiments were performed, both on subgingival calculus. In experiment 1, teeth with subgingival calculus were treated with either doxcycycline hyclate in bioabsorbable vehicle (DHV) or with vehicle control (VC) in vivo. In experiment 2, teeth with subgingival calculus were treated with DHV, VC, scaling and root planing (SRP), or no treatment in vitro. The amount of cell attachment to calculus‐covered root surfaces was quantitatively compared using a fluorescent dye assay and epifluorescence microscope. Values for cell attachment are presented as the mean ± standard deviation of the mean. The data were evaluated using Student t test.Results: In both experiments, there was no statistically significant difference in fibroblast attachment in the DHV, VC, or no treatment groups (P >0.05). The SRP group showed significantly more cellular attachment to tooth surfaces formerly covered by subgingival calculus than all other groups (P <0.001). In general, more cells attached to cementum than to calculus. Root chips that showed no attachment to the subgingival calculus also had no cells attached to the adjacent cemental root surface.Conclusion: The addition of doxycycline hyclate in a bioabsorbable vehicle used as a locally delivered drug did not enhance the initial cellular attachment of human gingival fibroblasts to subgingival calculus or contaminated root surfaces. J Periodontol 2005;76:221‐228.
Proliferation of Fibroblasts Cultured From Normal Gingiva and Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis Is Dependent on Fatty Acid Synthase Activity
Authors: Almeida J.P. , Coletta R.D. , Silva S.D. , Agostini M. , Vargas P.A. , Bozzo L. , Graner E. 
Published: March 2005

Background: Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is the enzyme that synthesizes palmitate from malonyl‐CoA and acetyl‐CoA. Recent studies have shown that FAS is overexpressed in human cancers and that its activity is necessary for cell proliferation. Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a genetic disease manifested as a progressive enlargement of the gingiva. The pathogenesis of this condition is not understood; however, a proliferative advantage of HGF fibroblasts in comparison with cells from normal gingiva (NG) has been described. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of FAS in NG and HGF fibroblast proliferation.Methods: NG and HGF fibroblasts had their proliferative potential assessed by automated cell counting and immunocytochemistry against Ki‐67 or proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The production of FAS, androgen receptor (AR), and ErbB2 was analyzed by Western blot and the pattern of FAS expression studied by immunocytochemistry. FAS activity was blocked by the specific inhibitor cerulenin.Results: Higher proliferation rates were found in fibroblasts isolated from HGF than from NG. HGF fibroblasts with greater proliferative potential produced more FAS and AR than the cell lines with lower growth rates, and all studied cell lines produced similar amounts of the ErbB2 protein. In addition, the FAS inhibitor cerulenin was able to significantly reduce the proliferation of both NG and HGF cells.Conclusions: These results show that FAS is expressed by gingival fibroblasts and that highly proliferative HGF cells produced more FAS and AR than the other fibroblast cell lines. Moreover, FAS inhibition significantly reduced both NG and HGF fibroblast growth, suggesting a role for the androgen‐driven fatty acid biosynthesis in their proliferation. J Periodontol 2005;76:272‐278.
Prevalence of nonsyndromic oral clefts in Texas: 1995–1999
Authors: Hashmi Syed Shahrukh , Waller D. Kim , Langlois Peter , Canfield Mark , Hecht Jacqueline T. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractNonsyndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate (NSCLP) and nonsyndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO) are common complex birth defects affecting 4,000 newborns annually. We undertook a descriptive study of oral clefts in Texas, focusing on the effect of folic acid fortification and Hispanic ethnicity on the prevalence of oral clefts as these factors have not previously been described. Data on 896 infants with NSCLP and NSCPO born between 1995 and 1999 in Texas were compared to all births in Texas during the same period. Prevalence odds ratios (POR) were calculated for maternal ethnicity, race, age, parity, public health region of residence, highest level of education, and infant gender. The effect of folic acid fortification on oral clefts was also examined. Compared with whites, adjusted POR were 0.97 (95% CI = 0.77–1.23) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.72–1.14) for NSCLP and 0.46 (95% CI = 0.30–0.72) and 0.62 (95% CI = 0.42–0.90) for NSCPO in foreign‐born and US‐born Hispanics, respectively. After fortification was implemented, the rate of NSCLP did not decrease. However, there was a 13% decrease in the prevalence of NSCPO (adjusted POR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.68–1.15). Compared to whites, the rates in US‐born and foreign‐born Hispanic women were similar for NSCLP and much lower for NSCPO. The small reduction of 13% in NSCPO after folic acid fortification is imprecise and should be interpreted cautiously. Overall, it appears that folic acid fortification has had very little or no effect on the prevalence of oral clefts in infants born in Texas. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.