bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Shellac and Gum Arabic in Shoe Polish Formulation based on Karanj Oil
Authors: Pandey S. K. , Job M. , Mishra P. K. , Pandey S. 
Published: December 2023

The study was conducted from August, 2021 to March, 2022 at the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India to develop shoe polish based on Karanj oil and the impact of shellac and gum arabic in its formulation. The standardized composition of shoe polish was obtained as 3 part oil and one-part bee wax containing other elements like colour pigment, shellac, gum arabic and turpentine oil. To overcome the problem of colour, sixteen various combinations of shellac and gum arabic were carried out for improvement of colour in each case of black and brown polish. The developed shoe polish was tested for texture, applicability, spreadability, and ease in taking out the material. Colour was recorded with a gloss meter. The highest gloss meter reading i.e. 10.62 GU was recorded in the case of a black shoe polish containing shellac and gum arabic each weighing 0.75 g whereas a sample containing 1.25 g shellac and gum arabic each showed the lowest gloss reading of 3.88 GU. In the case of brown polish, the highest gloss meter reading i.e. 5.24 GU was recorded in the case of a sample containing shellac and gum arabic weighing 1.25 g each, and the lowest was observed in the case of the sample containing shellac weighing 0.5g and gum arabic weighing 0.75 g. Based on gloss value and sensory evaluation, the developed sample was found very near to standard brand shoe polish (Cherry) except that it gave an oily appearance initially.
Epidemiological Dynamics of Xanthomonas xonopodis pv. phaseoli in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): Unraveling the Factors Governing Bacterial Blight Pathogenesis
Authors: Suchita S. , Kansal S. , Sharma R. , Parwan S. 
Published: December 2023

The study was conducted during May, 2020 to June, 2021 in the Department of Plant Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Y.S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, located in Solan district of Himachal Pradesh, India to study the role of various epidemiological parameters on the development of common bacterial blight of French bean. The diseased samples were collected and the pathogen was isolated and purified on Luria Bertani (LB) agar plates. The pathogenicity test was performed on the potted plants as well as on the detached leaves using carborundum abrasion and pin prick method of inoculation. The incubation period on potted plants using carborundum abrasion and pin prick method revealed the initial symptoms after 117.60 h and 120.30 h, respectively, while on detached leaves they were visible after 72.30 h and 84.50 h of inoculation, respectively. Further to study the effect of different epidemiological factors on disease development, the leaves inoculated using carborundum abrasion were subjected to four temperature levels, five relative humidity levels and five different durations of leaf wetness under controlled conditions in relative humidity cum temperature control cabinet. The observations were recorded at different intervals and the data revealed that the pathogen caused severe symptoms on the leaves with high apparent rate of infection under 30°C temperature, 100% RH and a maximum of 24 h of leaf wetness. It was observed that the severity of disease decreased as the temperature raised from 30°C and increased with the rise in RH levels and leaf wetness duration.
Direitos humanos e teoria crítica
Authors: Costa Ana Beatriz Motta , Casalino Vinicius Gomes 
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo mostra como as mulheres foram tratadas na transição do feudalismo para o capitalismo e como isso impactou diretamente a vida social, política e econômica delas, quando equiparadas aos direitos que os homens tinham. Mostra, ainda, como foram colocadas à própria sorte, pois até mesmo o Estado incentivou métodos e mecanismos para que fossem cada vez mais exploradas e dominadas. A esse respeito, o artigo conclui que a luta das mulheres transcende o continente Europeu, pois com a chegada da escravidão ao novo mundo, outras lutas foram travadas para que conseguissem se estabelecer e assegurar seus direitos. Para mais, o método utilizado no presente artigo foi o hipotético dedutivo, porque analisou informações já existentes para se chegar a uma conclusão, utilizando-se livros, artigos, publicações.
Comparison of the Serum Protein Electrophoretic Pattern and Concentrations of Acute Phase Proteins in Bitches with and Without Mammary Gland Tumors
Authors: Tóthová Csilla , Valenčáková Alexandra , Horňáková Ľubica , Nagy Oskar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Alterations in the serum protein pattern may be associated with many diseases, including neoplastic processes. In veterinary medicine, these changes are poorly understood. Therefore, this study was aimed at the analysis of the distribution of blood serum protein fractions separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, and at the determination of the concentrations of main acute phase proteins in bitches with mammary gland neoplasia. The evaluation was conducted on twelve female dogs with palpable single or multiple nodules in the parenchyma of the mammary gland and on ten tumor-free clinically healthy bitches to compare the possible differences in the obtained results. Blood serum was used to perform agarose gel electrophoresis of the main blood serum protein fractions and to analyze the concentrations of total serum proteins and the following canine acute phase proteins: serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, C-reactive protein and α1-acid glycoprotein. The concentrations of total serum proteins were slightly higher in bitches with mammary gland tumors. Serum protein electrophoresis showed lower mean concentrations of albumin and α1-globulins in the affected dogs, while the concentrations of α2-and β1-globulins were significantly higher (P=0.0032 and P=0.0021, respectively) compared to dogs without mammary gland tumors. In the concentrations of acute phase proteins, significantly higher mean concentrations of C-reactive protein and haptoglobin were obtained in dogs with mammary tumors (P=0.0025 and P=0.0002, respectively). The values of α1-acid glycoprotein did not vary markedly between the bitches with and without mammary tumors. Presented data suggest that neoplastic processes in the mammary gland may also alter the electrophoretic pattern of blood serum proteins and induce changes in the production of some inflammatory proteins.
Considerations Regarding the Ergonomics of the Vehicle Interior
Authors: Căşeriu Bianca , Blaga Petruța 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The evolution of the vehicle industry, as well as the sudden increase in competition between manufacturing companies, dictates the increase in the obligations of manufacturers to meet the increasingly complex requirements of users, in terms of ergonomics, comfort, safety, as well as environmental protection. Researchers have investigated the factors influencing the ergonomics of the vehicle interior which is very practical to improve safety and driving performance in addition, it can significantly reduce the development costs and the development cycle of new vehicle concepts, but the concept of ergonomics was not clearly articulated from a human perspective. This study aims to interpret the definition of ergonomics in the context of the interior of the vehicles and also in the study the influencing factors of the ergonomics of the index layer of the human-machine interaction interface, in the central console of the vehicle, are identified. The influencing factors are analyzed by creating and visualizing bibliometric networks in VOSViewer.
Assisted eruption of impacted teeth into an alveolar bone graft in a patient with cleft lip and palate
Authors: Peamkaroonrath Chonthicha , Manosudprasit Montien , Godfrey Keith 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
To assist the eruption of impacted upper teeth into an alveolar bone graft in a patient with a unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Methods
An 8 year-old Thai boy with left unilateral complete cleft lip and palate had the chief complaint of anterior crossbite. He presented with a mild skeletal 3, dental Class III subdivision malocclusion, anterior crossbite, left unilateral posterior crossbite, moderate crowding in the upper arch with impaction of upper the left lateral incisor (tooth 22) and canine (tooth 23). In the first phase of treatment the posterior crossbite was corrected with a removable appliance with a 3-way screw. In the second phase the impacted teeth were surgically exposed, moved into the alveolar bone graft and the teeth aligned with fixed appliances. The upper left lateral incisor was extracted because of its questionable longevity.

Results
The orthodontic treatment resulted in normal overjet, overbite and an acceptable facial profile. A prosthesis replaced tooth 22.

Conclusions
Forced eruption of impacted teeth can be carried out successfully in the cleft patients after an appropriate treatment plan has been formulated and following preparation of alveolar bone graft in the cleft site.
Effect of adhesive types on enamel discolouration around orthodontic brackets
Authors: Jahanbin Arezoo , Ameri Hamideh , Khaleghimoghaddam Rokhsareh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Unsightly colour changes may occur in the enamel around bonded orthodontic brackets.

Aim
To determine the enamel colour changes around orthodontic brackets bonded with different adhesives.

Methods
One hundred extracted upper first premolars were divided into five equal groups. Fiducial holes were drilled in the buccal and palatal surfaces of the teeth and metal orthodontic brackets were bonded to the buccal surfaces with different combinations of adhesives and primers. The teeth were immersed in a tea-coffee solution for one week. The brackets were then debonded and the teeth polished. The colour of the enamel surface was measured around each fiducial hole before bonding (baseline), after debonding and after polishing. The colour differences (ΔE) were compared using one-way ANOVA and the paired t-test.

Results
There were no significant differences between the five adhesive groups in baseline-debonding ΔE and baselinepolishing ΔE, but statistically significant differences were found between the baseline-debonding ΔE on the buccal and palatal surfaces and the baseline-debonding ΔE versus baseline-polishing ΔE on the buccal surfaces. Although statistically significant, the colour changes would not be visible to many observers. Approximately 75 per cent of the staining was attributed to the enamel components.

Conclusions
The type of adhesive and the methods of application had no effect on enamel colour change. Most of the colour change was attributed to uptake of stain by the components of the enamel, not the resin tags.
Perception of pain and discomfort during tooth separation
Authors: Nalbantgil Didem , Cakan Derya Germec , Oztoprak M. Oguz , Arun Tülin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate patients’ perceptions of pain and discomfort during tooth separation and to compare the effectiveness of brass wire and elastomeric separators.

Methods
The participants were 87 adults with a mean age of 22.1 ± 1.9 years. Elastomeric and brass wire separators were inserted mesial and distal to upper right (elastomeric separators) and upper left first molars (brass wire separators) in each subject. After seven days, the amount of tooth separation was measured with a leaf gauge, and pain perception and discomfort were evaluated with a visual analogue scale and questionnaire.

Results
The elastomeric separators produced significantly more separation than the wire separators. There was a statistically significant difference in the subjects’ perceptions of pain and discomfort at rest and during chewing between the different separators (p < 0.001). In general, the brass wire separators caused the greatest pain and discomfort immediately after insertion. Pain from the wire separators subsided over seven days, whereas elastomeric separators caused the greatest pain on the first two days after insertion. Eating was negatively influenced by the separation in 61 per cent of the subjects on the first day. On the other hand, other daily activities were affected minimally.

Conclusions
The different levels of pain and discomfort caused by these separators, together with their advantages and disadvantages, can help the clinician to choose an appropriate separator. Patients should be warned that pain due to separation may affect their chewing, social life, school work and sleeping. Analgesics and soft food are recommended following placement of separators.
Cytotoxicity of orthodontic separating elastics
Authors: Pithon Matheus Melo , dos Santos Rogério Lacerda , Martins Fernanda Otaviano , Romanos Maria Teresa Villela , de Souza Araújo Mônica Tirre 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Separating elastics may be cytotoxic to the interdental gingival tissues. Both latex and non-latex separating elastics are widely used and both types should be biocompatible.

Objective
To determine if latex and non-latex orthodontic separating elastics are cytotoxic.

Methods
The cytotoxicity of natural latex (Groups A, D and O) and non-latex (Group M) orthodontic separating elastics were determined by incubating 15 elastics of each type in Eagle’s essential medium (MEM), removing the supernatant after 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours and adding it to cultures of L-929 mouse fibroblasts in growth medium (MEM plus glutamine, garamicine, fungizone, sodium bicarbonate, buffered saline and foetal calf serum). To verify the cell response in extreme situations, three additional groups were included: Group CC (cell control), consisting of L-929 cells not exposed to supernatants from the maintenance medium with the elastics; Group C+ (positive control), consisting of Tween 80; Group C- (negative control), consisting of phosphate buffered saline solution. The positive and negative controls were incubated in MEM maintenance medium for 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours and the extracted elutes were added to L-929 line cells incubated in the growth medium. The viability of the cells was determined with neutral red (dye-uptake method) at 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours. The data were analysed with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multiple comparison test. The significance level was p ≤ 0.05.

Results
The elastics in Groups A, D and O induced greater cell lysis at 72 hours compared to the other experimental times. There were statistically significant differences between the cytotoxicity of the elastics in Groups A, D and O in relation to Group CC for experimental times of 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours (p > 0.05). There was not, however, a statistically significant difference between Groups D and CC at 24 hours.

Conclusion
The latex and non-latex orthodontic separating elastics tested were considered to be biocompatible.
Assessment of slot sizes in self-ligating brackets using electron microscopy
Authors: Bhalla Nidhi B. , Good Sarah A. , McDonald Fraser , Sherriff Martyn , Cash Alex C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
To measure the slot dimensions of 0.022 inch self-ligating upper central incisor brackets from six manufacturers using electron microscopy, to compare the measured dimensions with the manufacturers’ published dimensions, and to determine if the walls of the slots were parallel.

Materials
Six self-ligating upper central incisor brackets from four manufacturers (SmartClip and Clarity SL, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA; Speed, Strite Industries Ontario, Canada; Damon MX, Ormco, Orange, CA, USA; In-Ovation R and In-Ovation C, Dentsply GAC, Bohemia NY, USA) were imaged with a scanning electron microscope and the slots heights measured. Intra-operator repeatability and accuracy were determined.

Results
All brackets had slot sizes that were significantly larger (p < 0.05) than the stated 0.022 inch. Speed brackets were 5.1 per cent larger (0.02311 inch) and the closest to the published dimension. The SmartClip brackets were 14.8 per cent larger (0.02526 inch) than the quoted slot size of 0.022 inch. In most brackets the distances between the slot walls was generally greater further from the bracket bases.

Conclusions
The actual measurements of upper central incisor self-ligating brackets from six manufacturers were larger than the manufacturers’ stated dimension, and the walls of the slots diverged from the bracket bases.
Associations between upper lip activity and incisor position
Authors: Kilic Nihat 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Muscle activity in the upper lip may influence the positions of the upper and lower incisors.

Objective
To determine the associations between muscle activity in the upper lip and the inclinations of the incisors, overjet and overbite.

Methods
Forty-five subjects (29 girls, 16 boys), between 11 and 15 years of age with predominantly Class I malocclusion, were used. The inclinations of the incisors, overjet and overbite were measured on lateral cephalometric radiographs. Bipolar electrodes were placed on the upper lip to record the activity in orbicularis oris muscle at rest, during maximal clenching, chewing hazelnuts and swallowing. Correlation coefficients between the cephalometric variables and the electromyographic (EMG) activity in the upper lip were calculated.

Results
There was no gender difference in the EMG activity in the upper lip. There were no statistically significant associations between the EMG activities in the upper lip and the inclinations of the incisors, overjet and overbite.

Conclusions
The positions of the incisors do not appear to be influenced by muscle activity in the upper lip.
Multidisciplinary treatment of a fractured root: a case report
Authors: Cuoghi Osmar Aparecido , Bosco Álvaro Francisco , de Mendonça Marcos Rogério , Tondelli Pedro Marcelo , Miranda-Zamalloa Yésselin Margot 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim
To describe the orthodontic, periodontal and prosthetic management of a case with a 3 mm root fracture below the crest of the alveolar bone.

Methods
The root was extruded and periodontal surgery carried out to improve aesthetics and dental function.

Conclusion
A multidisciplinary approach to the management of dental root fractures is necessary for successful treatment.
Lip - tooth relationships during smiling and speech: an evaluation of different malocclusion types
Authors: Rashed Roozbeh , Heravi Farzin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Few studies have focused on the impact of malocclusion on lip – tooth relationships during smiling and speech.

Aim
To evaluate the impact of different malocclusions on lip – tooth relationships during smiling and speech, using video images.

Methods
One hundred and three subjects with Class I (N = 31), Class II division 1 (N = 26), Class II division 2 (N = 16) and Class III malocclusions (N = 30) were asked to repeat the same sentence and then smile in front of a video camera. Nine frames were extracted from each subject’s video clip: at rest, posed smile, unposed smile and during the pronunciation of the sounds: ‘che’, ‘fa’, ‘se’, ‘chee’, ‘tee’ and ‘mee’. On each frame, up to 10 parameters describing the lip – tooth relationships were measured.

Results
In all frames, there were no statistically significant differences in the upper central incisor display ratios among the malocclusion groups (p > 0.05). The buccal corridor ratio in the posed and unposed smiles did not differ significantly among the malocclusions (p > 0.05). The most frequently visible last maxillary tooth was the first premolar in the posed smile, and the second premolar in the unposed smile. In each malocclusion group, the upper central incisor display ratio varied significantly among the nine frames and the buccal corridor ratio during the unposed smile was less than the ratio during the posed smile; although this was only significant in the Class II division 2 subjects. The smile arc was similar in all malocclusions.

Conclusions
In each malocclusion the upper central incisor display ratio varied significantly among the nine frames. In each group, the buccal corridor ratio during the unposed smile was less than that during the posed smile, but only the Class II division 2 group was significantly different. The smile arc did not differ among the malocclusions.
Cephalometric analysis of Malay children with and without unilateral cleft lip and palate
Authors: Ebin Lillybia Emily , Zam Norzakiah Mohamed Zam , Othman Siti Adibah 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the craniofacial morphology of Malay children with repaired UCLP and compare the data with non-cleft Malay children.

Methods
Twenty Malay children with repaired UCLP (12 boys, 8 girls; Mean age: 10.5 years) and 20 normal Malay children (8 boys, 12 girls; Mean age: 9.72 years) were recruited from the Combined Cleft Lip and Palate Clinic and the Department of Children’s Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Malaysia. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken with the head orientated parallel to the floor. Thirty-one linear and angular variables were measured on the lateral cephalometric radiographs with Dolphin Imaging Software Version 10.0 (Dolphin Imaging, Chatsworth, CA, USA). The data were analysed with the Mann-Whitney U test and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results
In the UCLP group, the girls had deeper overbites than the boys (p = 0.011), and in the Control group the girls had a significantly more acute cranial base angle (NSBa, p = 0.017) and a less protrusive lower lip (LL-E line, p = 0.21). The data for the boys and girls were combined. Subjects in the UCLP group had a more acute cranial base angle, shorter and more retruded maxillae and were more skeletal III than the subjects in the Control group. In the UCLP group, the upper and lower incisors were less proclined than in the Control group, the interincisal angle was more obtuse and the overjet reduced by 6 mm. There were no significant facial height differences. The nasolabial angle (Col-Sn-UL) was significantly more obtuse and the upper lip relative to the E line more retrusive in the UCLP group. There was no significant difference between the groups in facial heights or the maxillo-mandibular planes angle.

Conclusion
Malay children with repaired UCLP have small, retrusive maxillae. The mandible in this group of children was of normal size and position, relative to the cranial base. Pressure from the repaired upper lip may be responsible for the retruded maxillae, retroclined incisors and obtuse nasolabial angle.
Shear bond strengths of buccal tubes
Authors: Purmal Kathiravan , Sukumaran Prema 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the shear bond strengths of buccal tubes and to determine the sites of failure.

Method
Four orthodontic buccal tubes were selected: A, American Orthodontics; B, 3M Unitek - small base; C, 3M Unitek - large base; D, Hangzhou Dentop. Twenty buccal tubes from each group were bonded to the buccal surfaces of lower right first molars with the same light-cured composite resin. The buccal tubes were debonded with a universal testing machine and the data analysed. The amount of adhesive remaining on the teeth after debonding was classified with the modified adhesive remnant index (ARI).

Results
The groups ranked from the highest to lowest bond strength (MPa) were: B, A, D and C. The bond strengths of the buccal tubes, except Groups A and B, were significantly different (p < 0.05). The majority of the buccal tubes (63 per cent) had modified ARI scores of 1 and 2 and 25 per cent of the tubes had scores of 4 and 5. After debonding, no adhesive remained on 40 per cent of the teeth in Groups B and D.

Conclusions
The shear bond strengths of the buccal tubes fell below the value considered to be clinically acceptable. There were no differences between the shear bond strengths of the buccal tubes with photoetched and microetched bases. The buccal tubes with the largest base failed prematurely, possibly because the unsupported bonding pad flexed during debonding.