bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colon cancer cell adhesion in response to Src kinase activation and actin‐cytoskeleton by non‐laminar shear stress
Authors: Thamilselvan Vijayalakshmi , Patel Ashish , Voort van Zyp Jochem van der , Basson Marc D. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMalignant cells shed from tumors during surgical resection or spontaneous metastasis experience physical forces such as shear stress and turbulence within the peritoneal cavity during irrigation, laparoscopic air insufflation, or surgical manipulation, and within the venous or lymphatic system. Since physical forces can activate intracellular signals that modulate the biology of various cell types in vitro, we hypothesized that shear stress and turbulence might increase colon cancer cell adhesion to extracellular matrix, potentiating metastatic implantation. Primary human malignant colon cancer cells isolated from resected tumors and SW620 were subjected to shear stress and turbulence by stirring cells in suspension at 600 rpm for 10 min. Shear stress for 10 min increased subsequent SW620 colon cancer cell adhesion by 40.0 ± 3.0% (n = 3; P < 0.001) and primary cancer cells by 41.0 ± 3.0% to collagen I when compared to control cells. In vitro kinase assay (1.5 ± 0.13 fold) and Western analysis (1.34 ± 0.04 fold) demonstrated a significant increase in Src kinase activity in cells exposed shear stress. Src kinase inhibitors PP1 (0.1 µM), PP2 (20 µM), and actin‐cytoskeleton stabilizer phalloidin (10 µM) prevented the shear stress stimulated cell adhesion to collagen I. Furthermore, PP2 inhibited basal (50.0 ± 2.8%) and prevented shear stress induced src activation but phalloidin pretreatment did not. These results raise the possibility that shear stress and turbulence may stimulate the adhesion of malignant cells shed from colon cancers by a mechanism that requires both actin‐cytoskeletal reorganization an independent physical force activation of Src kinase. Blocking this pathway might reduce tumor metastasis during surgical resection. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A pilot study of a yoga and meditation intervention for dementia caregiver stress
Authors: Waelde Lynn C. , Thompson Larry , Gallagher‐Thompson Dolores 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTwelve older female dementia patient family caregivers (eight Latinas and four Caucasians) participated in a six‐session manualized yoga–meditation program (called Inner Resources) designed to help caregivers cope with stress. Pre/post comparisons revealed statistically significant reductions in depression and anxiety and improvements in perceived self‐efficacy. Average minutes of weekly yoga–meditation practice were significantly associated with improvements in depression. The majority of caregivers found the intervention useful and reported subjective improvements in physical and emotional functioning. These findings suggest that Inner Resources may be a feasible and effective intervention for family caregivers and may improve affect, coping, physical well‐being, and stress management. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
The MMPI‐2 in sexual harassment and discrimination litigants
Authors: Long Barbara , Rouse Steven V. , Nelsen R. Owen , Butcher James N. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn order to understand patterns of respondents on validity and clinical scales, this study analyzed archival Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2s (MMPI‐2s) produced by 192 women and 14 men who initiated legal claims of ongoing emotional harm related to workplace sexual harassment and discrimination. The MMPI‐2s were administered as a part of a comprehensive psychiatric forensic evaluation of the claimants' current psychological condition. All validity and clinical scale scores were manually entered into the computer, and codetype and cluster analyses were obtained. Among the women, 28% produced a “normal limits” profile, providing no MMPI‐2 support for their claims of ongoing emotional distress. Cluster analysis of the validity scales of the remaining profiles produced four distinctive clusters of profiles representing different approaches to the test items. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
A need for ethnic similarity in the therapist–patient interaction? Mediterranean migrants in Dutch mental‐health care
Authors: Knipscheer Jeroen W. , Kleber Rolf J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractEvidence concerning a preference for ethnic matching in the therapist–patient dyad and the effects of ethnic matching on treatment satisfaction is equivocal. This study examined the importance of ethnic similarity in mental‐health care in the Netherlands. A convenience sample of 82 Turkish and 58 Moroccan outpatients in the community mental‐health care was interviewed. Quantified data were analyzed using multivariate techniques. The majority of the respondents did not value ethnic matching as important; clinical competence and compassion were considered to be more relevant than ethnic background. An ethnically dissimilar therapist treated the majority of the outpatients. Outpatients treated by a native Dutch therapist reported similar satisfaction with the services provided as those treated by an ethnically similar therapist. According to Turkish and Moroccan outpatients in Dutch mental‐health care, ethnic matching is not considered to be preferential nor essential for treatment satisfaction. Other health‐care characteristics such as empathy, expertise, and sharing of worldview are considered to be as important. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Investigations into the regioselective C‐deuteriation of enolates derived from 2‐methyl tetralone using piperidine‐d11
Authors: Coumbarides Gregory S. , Eames Jason , Suggate Michael J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractResults are reported on the regioselective C‐deuteriation of 2‐methyl tetralone using piperidine‐d11 as a deuterium source. The results presented further aid the understanding of kinetic deuteriation of amine–enolate complexes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling climate change in West African Sahel rainfall (1931–90) as an artifact of changing station locations
Authors: Chappell Adrian , Agnew Clive T. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSince the major droughts in the West African Sahel during the 1970s, it has been widely asserted that mean annual summer rainfall has declined since the late 1960s. Explanation of this persistent regional drying trend was important for famine early‐warning and global climate models. However, the network of rainfall stations changed considerably during that recent period of desiccation. Furthermore, it was difficult to reconcile the calculation of a simple mean value for a region known to have a complex spatial and temporal rainfall pattern.A simple model separated the Sahel into ‘wet’ and ‘dry’ regions. This model was inverted against mean annual summer rainfall for the Sahel between 1931 and 1990. Model predictions were found to be insensitive to initial starting conditions. The optimized parameters explained 87% of the variation in observed mean annual summer rainfall. The model predicted the mean annual rainfall in the wet ‘coastal’ and dry ‘continental’ regions of the Sahel to be 973 mm and 142 mm respectively. Consequently, the predicted long‐term mean annual summer rainfall was 558 mm, 15% greater than that of the observed long‐term mean (417 mm).The mean annual summer rainfall for the region was corrected by removing the influence of changing station locations over the study period. No persistent decline was found in mean annual summer rainfall, which suggested that the perceived drying trend was an artifact of the crude statistical aggregation of the data and historical changes in the climate station networks. The absence of a decline in rainfall questioned the validity of the hypotheses and speculations for the causes of the drying trend in the region and its effects on global climate change. It also increased the likelihood that changes over time in other regional and global climate station networks have influenced the performance and interpretation of global climate models. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Impact of regular LDL apheresis on the development of restless legs syndrome
Authors: Tings Tobias , Schettler Volker , Canelo Monica , Paulus Walter , Trenkwalder Claudia 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe examined 25 hyperlipidaemic patients with coronary heart disease undergoing regular low‐density lipoprotein apheresis (LA) treatment in weekly intervals. In this patient population, half were found to have concomitant restless legs syndrome (RLS). Laboratory investigations suggest that iron metabolism is modified by regular LA treatment and this change may be involved in the pathogenesis of this previously unrecognised form of secondary RLS. Substitution of iron therefore may be a promising line of treatment for LA‐induced RLS. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Deficits in ocular and manual tracking due to episodic ataxia type 2
Authors: Engel Kevin C. , Anderson John H. , Gomez Christopher M. , Soechting John F. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFour patients with a novel mutation leading to episodic ataxia type 2 were studied in a task that required them to track target motion either with the eyes or with the index finger of the right hand. The target initially moved in a straight line and then changed direction at an unpredictable time by an unpredictable amount. On the day of testing, 3 of the patients were evaluated as normal on a neurological exam, whereas the fourth was severely ataxic. Nevertheless, all 4 showed deficits in tracking behavior with common features. Ocular tracking tended to result in hypermetric saccades at longer than normal latencies. Smooth pursuit tracking was absent in 1 patient and had lower than normal gain in the others. Deficits in manual tracking showed similarities to the deficits in ocular tracking, with hypermetric compensations for changes in target direction. The similarities in the deficits in manual and ocular tracking suggest that they are subject to similar control by the cerebellar structures. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Involvement of glial cells in rhythmic size changes in neurons of the housefly's visual system
Authors: Pyza Elzbieta , Górska‐Andrzejak Jolanta 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn the housefly's first optic neuropile, or lamina, the axons of two classes of monopolar cell interneurons, L1 and L2, exhibit a daily rhythm of size changes: swelling during the day, and shrinking by night. At least for the L2 cells this rhythm is circadian. Moreover, epithelial glial cells that enwrap each lamina cartridge, its monopolar cell axons, and their surrounding crown of input photoreceptor terminals also change size, but in the opposite direction to the changes in L1 and L2—swelling by night and shrinking by day. The rhythmic changes in glia indicate the possible involvement of these cells in the lamina's circadian system. To examine their role in regulating the rhythmic changes of L1 and L2's axon sizes we have injected three chemicals into the haemolymph of the fly's head: fluorocitrate (FL) and iodoacetate (IAA), which affect the metabolism of glial cells, and octanol (OC), which closes gap junction channels. All chemicals exerted an effect on L1 and L2, which depended on the time of injection, the drug concentration, and the postinjection times at which we examined the fly's brains. Moreover, day/night changes in the axon sizes of L1 and L2 were increased in FL‐ and IAA‐treated flies, indicating that glial cells may normally inhibit these changes by regulating the sizes of L1 and L2's axons during the day and night. In turn, lack of a day/night rhythm in L1 and L2 after OC injections shows that the rhythm's persistence depends on communication between the lamina cells through gap junction channels. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 59: 205–215, 2004
Novel changes in gene expression following axotomy of a sympathetic ganglion: A microarray analysis
Authors: Boeshore Kristen L. , Schreiber Rebecca C. , Vaccariello Stacey A. , Sachs Hilary Hyatt , Salazar Rafael , Lee Junghee , Ratan Rajiv R. , Leahy Patrick , Zigmond Richard E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractNeurons of the peripheral nervous system are capable of extensive regeneration following axonal injury. This regenerative response is accompanied by changes in gene expression in axotomized neurons and associated nonneuronal cells. In the sympathetic nervous system, a few of the genes affected by axonal injury have been identified; however, a broad sampling of genes that could reveal additional and unexpected changes in expression has been lacking. We have used DNA microarray technology to study changes in gene expression within 48 h of transecting the postganglionic trunks of the adult rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG). The expression of more than 200 known genes changed in the ganglion, most of these being genes not previously associated with the response to injury. In contrast, only 10 genes changed following transection of the preganglionic cervical sympathetic trunk. Real‐time RT‐PCR analysis verified the upregulation of a number of the axotomy‐induced genes, including activating transcription factor‐3 (ATF‐3), arginase I (arg I), cardiac ankyrin repeat protein, galanin, osteopontin, pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP), parathyroid hormone‐related peptide, and UDP‐glucoronosyltransferase. Arg I mRNA and protein were shown to increase within neurons of the axotomized SCG. Furthermore, increases in the levels of putrescine and spermidine, a diamine and polyamine produced downstream of arg I activity, were also detected in the axotomized SCG. Our results identified many candidate genes to be studied in the context of peripheral nerve regeneration. In addition, the data suggest a potential role for putrescine and spermidine, acting downstream of arg I, in the regenerative process. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 59: 216–235, 2004
Estrogen increases calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐immunoreactive sensory innervation of rat mammary gland
Authors: Blacklock A.D. , Smith P.G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractEstrogen plays important roles in preparing mammary tissue for lactation. However, estrogen also influences innervation in some tissues. We examined the effect of estrogen on peripheral innervation of mammary tissues of ovariectomized adult virgin female rats. Seven days after ovariectomy, 17β‐estradiol or placebo pellets were implanted subcutaneously, and tissues were harvested 1 week later. Estrogen treatment decreased mammary gland mass and adipocyte content, while ductal content increased and vascular composition was unaffected. Estrogen increased total areas occupied by nerves in mammary gland sections immunostained for the pan‐neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5, and this increase persisted after normalizing for treatment‐induced differences in gland mass. Although a significant increase in tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive sympathetic nerve area was observed, no difference was detected following correction for differences in gland size, implying a conserved number of sympathetic nerves in the face of reduced gland volume. Calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐immunoreactive sensory nerve sectional area was also increased, and corrected nerve area remained 88% greater, indicating nerve proliferation during estrogen treatment. Total, sensory, and sympathetic innervation of the nipple and adjacent dermal tissue were unaffected by estrogen. We conclude that chronic estrogen elevation induces selective proliferation of rat mammary gland calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐containing nerves, which are associated primarily with blood vessels and are probably nociceptors. Because they are likely to subserve a vasodilatory function, increased innervation may promote increased blood flow necessary for milk formation during suckling. Moreover, these findings may help explain abundant anecdotal reports of increased breast sensitivity in humans under high estrogen conditions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 59: 192–204, 2004
Effects of early song experience on song preferences and song control and auditory brain regions in female house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus)
Authors: Hernandez Alexandra M. , MacDougall‐Shackleton Scott A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe examined the effects of song tutoring on adult song preferences, volume of song‐control brain regions, and activity of auditory brain regions in female house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus). Hand‐reared females were tutored with local songs, foreign songs, or no song. We then examined adult song preferences, determined the Nissl‐defined volume of the song‐control nuclei HVc, Area X, and RA, and compared the number of cells immunoreactive for Zenk protein in the auditory regions NCM and cmHV, following playback of songs heard early in life (Tutor/Playback Match) versus not heard (Tutor/Playback Nonmatch). All hand‐reared birds exhibited preferences for locally recorded song over foreign or heterospecific song. We found no difference in the volume of song‐control nuclei among the three groups. As well, we found no difference in the number of Zenk immunoreactive cells in NCM and cmHV between females in the Tutor/Playback Match group and females in the Tutor/Playback Nonmatch group. Isolate‐reared birds showed greater Zenk immunoreactivity following song playback than either tutored group. Thus, early auditory experience may not play a role in adult geographic song preferences, suggesting that genetic factors can lead to preferences for songs of local dialects. Song tutoring did not influence the size of song‐control regions nor Zenk induction levels following song playback, suggesting that early experience with particular songs does not influence Zenk expression. However, overall greater activation in isolate females in auditory areas suggests that exposure to song early in life may increase the selectivity of Zenk activation to song playback in auditory areas. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 59: 247–258, 2004
Some remarks about the hierarchical a posteriori error estimate
Authors: Achchab B. , Achchab S. , Agouzal A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe saturation assumption is widely used in a posteriori error analysis of finite element methods. It asserts, in its simplest form, that the solution can be approximated asymptotically better with quadratic than with linear finite elements. In this article, we show that a simple modification of this “hypothesis” is valid, and the proof of many authors can be made rigorous with this simple modification. We prove also the robustness of the estimator for a singularly perturbed problem. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2004
High‐dose methotrexate therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Lack of relation between serum methotrexate concentration and creatinine clearance
Authors: Joannon Pilar , Oviedo Iris , Campbell Myriam , Tordecilla Juan 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe objectives of this study were: (1) to analyze the relation of serum methotrexate (MTX) concentration with creatinine clearance, (2) to compare the leucovorin rescue dose administered to the patients based on creatinine clearance, with the one calculated according to serum MTX levels, and (3) to determine MTX‐related toxicity.ProcedureThirty children with high‐risk non‐B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated according to the national protocol (PINDA 92) based on ALL BFM 90, were randomized to receive consolidation with four doses of either 1 or 2 g/m2 MTX as a 24‐hr infusion, at 2‐week intervals (group M1 and M2, respectively). Serum MTX concentrations were measured at 24, 42, and 48 hr after beginning the infusion and were analyzed retrospectively. The creatinine clearance was calculated after 12‐hr intravenous hydration prior to each MTX dose. Leucovorin dosage was adjusted according to creatinine clearance.ResultsSerum MTX concentrations at 24, 42, and 48 hr after starting the infusion were not related to creatinine clearance in both treatment groups. Leucovorin rescue administered according to creatinine clearance was excessive in 43% in group M1 and in 51% in group M2, as compared to the dose calculated according to serum MTX levels. No serious clinical complications were observed.ConclusionsThese results suggest that creatinine clearance is not a good parameter to calculate leucovorin rescue. MTX‐related toxicity in this group of patients receiving a dose of 1 or 2 g/m2 and rescued with leucovorin without monitoring serum MTX levels was acceptable. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An integrated analysis for a coextrusion process
Authors: Chiou Jong‐Yee , Wu Ping‐Yao , Tsai Chin‐Chin , Liu Ta‐Jo 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAn integrated numerical approach is proposed to simulate the polymeric liquid flow in a bicomponent coextrusion die with a feedblock inlet system. The three‐dimensional finite element method is applied to determine the fluid motion and the interfacial position of the two polymeric liquids before entering the die body, whereas the two‐dimensional Hele‐Shaw model is assumed to be applicable for fluid flow in the manifold and the slot section of the die body. An optimal design procedure is incorporated into the simulation and the dimensions of the manifold can be properly selected such that the die can deliver the composite liquid film with acceptable uniformity. A specially designed choker bar can also be inserted to reduce the flow non‐uniformities caused by production variations. The contraction of the composite liquid film emanating from the die exit is also predicted under different draw ratios.
Experimental investigation and modeling of the dissolution of polymers and filled polymers
Authors: Cao Zhihua , Kovenklioglu Suphan , Kalyon Dilhan M. , Yazici Rahmi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDissolution of Polymers is important in various areas, including microlithography, controlled drug and herbicide/fertilizer delivery, and recycling. The dissolution rates of an oxetane polymer in ethyl acetate were obtained and well correlated with a quasi‐stationary dissolution model. Equilibrium solubility values obtained from the mathematical model on the basis of the best fit to the dissolution data were found to be in good agreement with equilibrium solubilities obtained in independent experiments. Mass transfer coefficients were also obtained from the mathematical model on the basis of the best fit, and the calculated activation energies were typical for diffusion controlled dissolution. The dissolution of highly filled polymers in various solvents was also investigated using the oxetane polymer filled with ammonium sulfate and aluminum fillers. The dissolution rates for the highly filled polymer were well correlated with a pseudo‐homogenous diffusion model.
The “sharkskin effect” in polymer extrusion
Authors: Koopmans Rudolf J. , Molenaar Jaap 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMelt flow instabilities associated with surface defects for polymer extrudates and commonly referred to as the “Sharkskin Effect,” are modeled. The relaxation oscillation model of Molenaar and Koopmans, developed to describe “Spurt” defects is expanded to provide the theoretical framework for the description of surface defects. It is shown that a nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive equation may give rise to a boundary layer, which is unstable. The presence of an oscillating boundary layer is one of the many possible solutions of the momentum equation indicating the need for additional selection criteria to define which one will be selected by the polymer system. The energy balance equation is suggested to provide the extra criterion. The current macroscopic approach may form the basis for the reconciliation of the debate on the origin of extrudate surface melt flow instabilities as either a “slip‐at‐the‐wall” or a non‐monotone “constitutive equation” phenomenon.