bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Philosophical presuppositions in ‘computational thinking’—old wine in new bottles?
Authors: Dohn Nina Bonderup 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
‘Computational thinking’ (CT) is highlighted in research literature, societal debates, and educational policies alike as being of prime significance in the 21st century. It is currently being introduced into K–12 (primary and secondary education) curricula around the world. However, there is no consensus on what exactly CT consists of, which skills it involves, and how it relates to programming. This article pinpoints four competing claims as to what constitutes the defining traits of CT. For each of the four claims, inherent philosophical presuppositions are identified concerning the nature of thinking, problem-solving, and human–computer relationships. It is argued that most of these philosophical presuppositions are very similar to ones that Hubert Dreyfus and Donald Schön addressed forty to fifty years ago. Therefore, claims about the power of CT raise old discussions in a new disguise. Dreyfus and Schön argued that the presuppositions were wrong. Do their arguments hold and thus defeat contemporary claims about CT? Alternatively, has the technological development since the time of their writings proven them wrong? This article argues that it is necessary to heed the arguments of Dreyfus, Schön, and—later—Bent Flyvbjerg to ensure that CT curricula are built in accord with the value-rational nature of human practice, rather than on misconceived rationalizations of problem-solving, computer use, and computational aspects in the world. However, the pervasive integration of information technology in today's world raises new issues concerning human–machine collaborations that sidetrack the arguments of Dreyfus and Schön. A revised view of CT is required which focusses on articulating how humans can design for, partake in, and critically appraise human–machine collaborations.
Chrysin bonded to β-d-glucose tetraacetate enhances its protective effects against the neurotoxicity induced by aluminum in Swiss mice
Authors: Okoh Victor Ifeanyi , Campos Hericles Mesquita , Yasmin de Oliveira Ferreira Pâmela , Pereira Robbert Mota , Souza Silva Yohanny , Arruda Evilanna Lima , Pagliarani Barbara , de Almeida Ribeiro Oliveira Gerlon , Lião Luciano Morais , Franco dos Santos Gabriel , Vaz Boniek Gontijo , Sabino José Ricardo , Alcantara dos Santos Fernanda Cristina , Costa Elson Alves , Tarozzi Andrea , Menegatti Ricardo , Ghedini Paulo César 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate whether the glycosylation of chrysin (CHR) enhances its protective effects against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity.

Methods
To compare the antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and behavioral effects of CHR with its glycosylated form (CHR bonded to β-d-glucose tetraacetate, denoted as LQFM280), we employed an integrated approach using both in vitro (SH-SY5Y cells) and in vivo (aluminum-induced neurotoxicity in Swiss mice) models.

Key findings
LQFM280 demonstrated higher antioxidant activity than CHR in both models. Specifically, LQFM280 exhibited the ability to exert antioxidant effects in the cytoplasm of SH-SY5Y cells, indicating its competence in traversing neuronal membranes. Remarkably, LQFM280 proved more effective than CHR in recovering memory loss and counteracting neuronal death in the aluminum chloride mice model, suggesting its increased bioavailability at the brain level.

Conclusions
The glycosylation of CHR with β-d-glucose tetraacetate amplifies its neuroprotective effects, positioning LQFM280 as a promising lead compound for safeguarding against neurodegenerative processes involving oxidative stress.
Assessing the therapeutic potential of dendritic cell vaccine in glioblastoma: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adrien Tangmi Djabo Eric , Jolyvette Mbougo Voufo , Ayantayo Temitayo , Murhega Roméo Bujiriri , Mustapha Mubarak Jolayemi , Zumani Kebby , Ibekwe Jonas Lotanna , Daniel Jeremiah Oluwatomi Itodo , Emhemed Marwa SaedAli , Kyaruzi Victor Meza 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study seeks to gather evidence-based information on the therapeutic effect of dendritic cell vaccines in treating glioblastoma. This protocol will follow the criteria of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guideline for 2020. In this review, we determined four primary central databases as sources of information: PubMed, Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Ethical approval for this study was unnecessary, as we already used published studies. Study findings will be published in journals and presented at conferences for broader dissemination.
Highlights The most common and dangerous primary malignant brain tumor, glioblastomas (GBM), are still tricky and challenging to treat. Even with multimodal treatment, victims’ median survival is just 15 months. Active immunotherapy called dendritic cell vaccines (DCV) aims to trigger an anticancer immune system reaction. Hundreds of GBM patients have been vaccinated in numerous DCV trials, which have confirmed the vaccine’s viability and safety. This study aims to assess the rationalistic effect of dendritic cell vaccines for treating GBM.
Suspected Mal de Debarquement Syndrome: A Case Report Highlighting the Difficulty in Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Tommas Nathan M , Ferguson Meagan 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
MdDS is syndrome of oscillating vertigo following cessation of passive motion. The pathogenesis of this disorder is not well understood, but functional imaging studies suggest cortical connectivity dysfunction in feedback loops of the vestibulo-ocular system and visuo-spatial system. Patients go through multiple appointments and often specialist referrals before being diagnosed. After diagnosis, optimal management is difficult. Several treatment modalities, including medication, vestibular rehabilitation, and neuromodulation, have had variable success in management. We present the case of a young, female active duty Air Force Captain who developed symptoms while deployed. She underwent multiple treatments with variable success. Her clinical course highlights the difficulties for patients and providers posed by suspected MdDS.
Multi-epoch spectropolarimetry for a sample of Type IIn Supernovae: persistent asymmetry in dusty circumstellar material
Authors: Bilinski Christopher , Smith Nathan , Williams G Grant , Smith Paul S , Leonard Douglas C , Hoffman Jennifer L , Andrews Jennifer E , Milne Peter 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
We present multi-epoch spectropolarimetry and spectra for a sample of 14 Type IIn supernovae (SNe IIn). We find that after correcting for likely interstellar polarization, SNe IIn commonly show intrinsic continuum polarization of 1–3 per cent at the time of peak optical luminosity, although a few show weaker or negligible polarization. While some SNe IIn have even stronger polarization at early times, their polarization tends to drop smoothly over several hundred days after peak. We find a tendency for the intrinsic polarization to be stronger at bluer wavelengths, especially at early times. While polarization from an electron scattering region is expected to be grey, scattering of SN light by dusty circumstellar material (CSM) may induce such a wavelength-dependent polarization. For most SNe IIn, changes in polarization degree and wavelength dependence are not accompanied by changes in the position angle, requiring that asymmetric pre-SN mass loss had a persistent geometry. While 2–3 per cent polarization is typical, about 30 per cent of SNe IIn have very low or undetected polarization. Under the simplifying assumption that all SN IIn progenitors have axisymmetric CSM (i.e. disc/torus/bipolar), then the distribution of polarization values we observe is consistent with similarly asymmetric CSM seen from a distribution of random viewing angles. This asymmetry has very important implications for understanding the origin of pre-SN mass loss in SNe IIn, suggesting that it was shaped by binary interaction.
Spectral and timing evolution of GX 340+0 along its Z-track
Authors: Chattopadhyay Suchismito , Bhulla Yashpal , Misra Ranjeev , Mandal Soma 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
We present the results from spectral and timing study of the Z source GX 340+0 using AstroSat’s SXT and LAXPC data. During the observation the source traced out the complete Z-track, allowing for the spectral evolution study of the horizontal, normal, and flaring branches (HB, NB, and FB) as well as the hard and soft apexes (HA and SA). The spectra are better and more physically described by a blackbody component and a hot Comptonizing corona with a varying covering fraction, rather than one having a disc component. Along the track, the Comptonized flux (as well as the covering fraction) monotonically decreases. It is the blackbody component (both the temperature and radius) which varies non-monotonically and hence gives rise to the Z-track behaviour. Rapid timing study reveals a prominent quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) at ∼50 Hz at the HB, HA, and upper NB, while a QPO at ∼6 Hz is seen for the other branches. The fractional rms of the QPOs increase with energy and exhibit soft lags in all branches except SA and FB.
Predicting the heaviest black holes below the pair instability gap
Authors: Winch Ethan R J , Vink Jorick S , Higgins Erin R , Sabhahitf Gautham N 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Traditionally, the pair instability (PI) mass gap is located between 50 and 130 M⊙, with stellar mass black holes (BHs) expected to ‘pile up’ towards the lower PI edge. However, this lower PI boundary is based on the assumption that the star has already lost its hydrogen (H) envelope. With the announcement of an ‘impossibly’ heavy BH of 85 M⊙ as part of GW 190521 located inside the traditional PI gap, we realized that blue supergiant (BSG) progenitors with small cores but large hydrogen envelopes at low metallicity (Z) could directly collapse to heavier BHs than had hitherto been assumed. The question of whether a single star can produce such a heavy BH is important, independent of gravitational wave events. Here, we systematically investigate the masses of stars inside the traditional PI gap by way of a grid of 336 detailed mesa stellar evolution models calculated across a wide parameter space, varying stellar mass, overshooting, rotation, semiconvection, and Z. We evolve low Z stars in the range 10−3 &lt; Z/Z⊙ &lt; ZSMC, making no prior assumption regarding the mass of an envelope, but instead employing a wind mass-loss recipe to calculate it. We compute critical carbon–oxygen and helium core masses to determine our lower limit to PI physics, and we provide two equations for Mcore and Mfinal that can also be of use for binary population synthesis. Assuming the H envelope falls into the BH, we confirm the maximum BH mass below PI is MBH ≃ 93.3 M⊙. Our grid allows us to populate the traditional PI gap, and we conclude that the distribution of BHs above the traditional boundary is not solely due to the shape of the initial mass function, but also to the same stellar interior physics (i.e. mixing) that which sets the BH maximum.
Long-term survivors of glioblastoma: Tumor molecular, clinical, and imaging findings
Authors: Briceno Nicole , Vera Elizabeth , Komlodi-Pasztor Edina , Abdullaev Zied , Choi Anna , Grajkowska Ewa , Kunst Tricia , Levine Jason , Lindsley Matthew , Fernandez Kelly , Reyes Jennifer , Boris Lisa , Burton Eric , Panzer Marissa , Polskin Lily , Penas-Prado Marta , Pillai Tina , Theeler Brett J , Wu Jing , Wall Kathleen , Papanicolau-Sengos Antonios , Quezado Martha , Smirniotopoulos James , Aldape Kenneth , Armstrong Terri S , Gilbert Mark R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain malignancy with &lt;45% living a year beyond diagnosis. Previously published investigations of long-term survivors (LTS) provided clinical data but rarely incorporated a comprehensive clinical and molecular analysis. Herein, we identify clinical, imaging, molecular, and outcome features for 23 GBM-LTS patients and compare them with a matched cohort of short-term survivors (STS).

Methods
Molecularly confirmed Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) wildtype GBM patients living ≥3 years post-diagnosis (NLTS = 23) or &lt;3 years (NSTS = 75) were identified from our Natural History study. Clinical and demographic characteristics were compared. Tumor tissue was analyzed with targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) (NLTS = 23; NSTS = 74) and methylation analysis (NLTS = 18; NSTS = 28). Pre-surgical MRI scans for a subset of LTS (N = 14) and STS control (N = 28) matched on sex, age, and extent of resection were analyzed.

Results
LTS tended to be younger. Diagnostic MRIs showed more LTS with T1 tumor hypointensity. LTS tumors were enriched for MGMTp methylation and tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutation. Three patients with classic GBM histology were reclassified based on NGS and methylation testing. Additionally, there were LTS with typical poor prognostic molecular markers.

Conclusions
Our findings emphasize that generalized predictions of prognosis are inaccurate for individual patients and underscore the need for complete clinical evaluation including molecular work-up to confirm the diagnosis. Continued accrual of patients to LTS registries that contain
comprehensive clinical, imaging, tumor molecular data, and outcomes measures may pro\vide important insights about individual patient prognosis.
Methylthioadenosine Phosphorylase Genomic Loss in Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Ngoi Natalie Y L , Tang Tin-Yun , Gaspar Catia F , Pavlick Dean C , Buchold Gregory M , Scholefield Emma L , Parimi Vamsi , Huang Richard S P , Janovitz Tyler , Danziger Natalie , Levy Mia A , Pant Shubham , De Armas Anaemy Danner , Kumpula David , Ross Jeffrey S , Javle Milind , Rodon Ahnert Jordi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
One of the most common sporadic homozygous deletions in cancers is 9p21 loss, which includes the genes methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), CDKN2A, and CDKN2B, and has been correlated with worsened outcomes and immunotherapy resistance. MTAP-loss is a developing drug target through synthetic lethality with MAT2A and PMRT5 inhibitors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence and genomic landscape of MTAP-loss in advanced gastrointestinal (GI) tumors and investigate its role as a prognostic biomarker.

Materials and Methods
We performed next-generation sequencing and comparative genomic and clinical analysis on an extensive cohort of 64 860 tumors comprising 5 GI cancers. We compared the clinical outcomes of patients with GI cancer harboring MTAP-loss and MTAP-intact tumors in a retrospective study.

Results
The prevalence of MTAP-loss in GI cancers is 8.30%. MTAP-loss was most prevalent in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) at 21.7% and least in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) at 1.1%. MTAP-loss tumors were more prevalent in East Asian patients with PDAC (4.4% vs 3.2%, P = .005) or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC; 6.4% vs 4.3%, P = .036). Significant differences in the prevalence of potentially targetable genomic alterations (ATM, BRAF, BRCA2, ERBB2, IDH1, PIK3CA, and PTEN) were observed in MTAP-loss tumors and varied according to tumor type. MTAP-loss PDAC, IHCC, and CRC had a lower prevalence of microsatellite instability or elevated tumor mutational burden. Positive PD-L1 tumor cell expression was less frequent among MTAP-loss versus MTAP-intact IHCC tumors (23.2% vs 31.2%, P = .017).

Conclusion
In GI cancers, MTAP-loss occurs as part of 9p21 loss and has an overall prevalence of 8%. MTAP-loss occurs in 22% of PDAC, 15% of IHCC, 8.7% of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma, 2.4% of hepatocellular carcinoma, and 1.1% of CRC and is not mutually exclusive with other targetable mutations.
Conspicuous chloroplast with light harvesting-photosystem I/II megacomplex in marine Prorocentrum cordatum
Authors: Kalvelage Jana , Wöhlbrand Lars , Senkler Jennifer , Schumacher Julian , Ditz Noah , Bischof Kai , Winklhofer Michael , Klingl Andreas , Braun Hans-Peter , Rabus Ralf 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Marine photosynthetic (micro)organisms drive multiple biogeochemical cycles and display a large diversity. Among them, the bloom-forming, free-living dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cordatum CCMP 1329 (formerly P. minimum) stands out with its distinct cell biological features. Here, we obtained insights into the structural properties of the chloroplast and the photosynthetic machinery of P. cordatum using microscopic and proteogenomic approaches. High-resolution FIB/SEM analysis revealed a single large chloroplast (∼40% of total cell volume) with a continuous barrel-like structure, completely lining the inner face of the cell envelope and enclosing a single reticular mitochondrium, the Golgi apparatus, as well as diverse storage inclusions. Enriched thylakoid membrane fractions of P. cordatum were comparatively analyzed with those of the well-studied model-species Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) using 2D BN DIGE. Strikingly, P. cordatum possessed a large photosystem-light harvesting megacomplex (&gt;1.5 MDa), which is dominated by photosystems I and II (PSI, PSII), chloroplast complex I, and chlorophyll a–b binding light harvesting complex proteins. This finding parallels the absence of grana in its chloroplast and distinguishes from the predominant separation of PSI and PSII complexes in A. thaliana, indicating a different mode of flux balancing. Except for the core elements of the ATP synthase and the cytb6f-complex, the composition of the other complexes (PSI, PSII, and pigment-binding proteins, PBPs) of P. cordatum differed markedly from those of A. thaliana. Furthermore, a high number of PBPs was detected, accounting for a large share of the total proteomic data (∼65%) and potentially providing P. cordatum with flexible adaptation to changing light regimes.
Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in elderly patients at 30 days: a propensity score matching study
Authors: Wang Chen , Jiang Yefan , Wang Qingpeng , Wang Dashuai , Jiang Xionggang , Dong Nianguo , Chen Si , Chen Xinzhong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Elderly patients are at increased risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality after conventional on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (ONCABG). This study was to determine whether such high-risk population would benefit from off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG).

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on patients aged 65 years or older who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting for the first time in Wuhan Union Hospital from January 2015 to January 2021. We used propensity score matching to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics between the ONCABG and OPCABG groups. Morbidity and mortality within 30 days after surgery were compared between the two groups. All operations were performed by experienced cardiac surgeons.

Results
A total of 511 patients (ONCABG 202, OPCABG 309) were included. After 1:1 matching, the baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable (ONCABG 173, OPCABG 173). The OPCABG group had higher rate of incomplete revascularization (13.9% vs. 6.9%; P = .035) than the ONCABG group. However, OPCABG reduced the risk of postoperative renal insufficiency (15.0% vs. 30.1%; P = .001) and reoperation for bleeding (0.0% vs. 3.5%; P = .030). There were no significant differences in early postoperative mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, and other outcomes between the two groups.

Conclusions
OPCABG is an alternative revascularization method for elderly patients. It reduces the risk of early postoperative renal insufficiency and reoperation for bleeding.
Evaluation of a novel disposable endoscope for retroflexed endoscopic rubber band ligation of internal hemorrhoids: a randomized pilot study
Authors: Xu Wen , Xia Guili , Li Laihe , Cao Ge , Yan Xianhuan , Dong Ling , Zhu Ying 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Retroflexed endoscopic rubber band ligation (ERBL) for treating Grade II and III internal hemorrhoids using disposable endoscopes has not been previously assessed. We therefore compared the safety and effectiveness of ERBL for internal hemorrhoids using novel disposable endoscopes versus traditional reusable endoscopes.

Methods
This prospective randomized controlled trial involved 42 patients who underwent ERBL for Grade II and III internal hemorrhoids using either a disposable endoscope (n = 21) or a reusable endoscope (n = 21). Safety was assessed by the incidence of equipment failure, device-related adverse events, and in-procedure stability of vital signs. Effectiveness was assessed by the postoperative therapeutic effect, feasibility of retroflexed ERBL, and incidence of complications.

Results
In terms of safety, no life-threatening events, equipment failure, or device-related adverse effects occurred during the procedures in either group. The rate of diastolic blood pressure stability was significantly different between the two groups (P = .049), but the rates of systolic blood pressure and heart rate stability were similar. In terms of effectiveness, the therapeutic effects on postoperative Day 30 were similar in both groups. Image clarity and endoscopic flexibility in the disposable endoscope group were mildly inferior to those in the reusable endoscope group, but without statistical significance. Matching between the endoscope and ligating device was 100% in both groups. The incidence of complications on postoperative Days 1 and 10 was not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion
Compared with reusable endoscopes, disposable endoscopes are equally safe, feasible, and reliable in ERBL for internal hemorrhoids.
Investigating socio-ecological factors influencing implementation of tuberculosis infection prevention and control in rural Papua New Guinea
Authors: Marme Gigil , Kuzma Jerzy , Zimmerman Peta-Anne , Harris Neil , Rutherford Shannon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly transmissible infectious disease killing millions of people yearly, particularly in low-income countries. TB is most likely to be transmitted in healthcare settings with poor infection control practices. Implementing TB infection prevention and control (TB-IPC) is pivotal to preventing TB transmission in healthcare settings. This study investigated diverse stakeholders’ perspectives relating to barriers and strategies for TB-IPC in rural hospitals in Papua New Guinea.

Methods
Multiple qualitative case studies were conducted with 32 key stakeholders with experience in TB services. Data collection drew on three primary sources to triangulate data: semi-structured interviews, document reviews and field notes. The data were analyzed using hybrid deductive-inductive thematic analysis.

Results
Our results reveal that key stakeholders perceive multiple interdependent factors that affect TB-IPC practice. The key emerging themes include strategic planning for and prioritizing TB-IPC guidelines; governance, leadership and accountability at the provincial level; community attitudes towards TB control; institutional capacity to deliver TB care, healthcare workers’ safety, and long-term partnership and integration of TB-IPC programmes into the broad IPC programme.

Conclusions
The evidence suggests that a multi-perspective approach is crucial for TB-IPC guidelines in healthcare institutions. Interventions focusing on addressing health systems strengthening may improve the implementation of TB-IPC guidelines.