bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance sampling for stochastic reaction–diffusion equations in the moderate deviation regime
Authors: Gasteratos Ioannis , Salins Michael , Spiliopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe develop a provably efficient importance sampling scheme that estimates exit probabilities of solutions to small-noise stochastic reaction–diffusion equations from scaled neighborhoods of a stable equilibrium. The moderate deviation scaling allows for a local approximation of the nonlinear dynamics by their linearized version. In addition, we identify a finite-dimensional subspace where exits take place with high probability. Using stochastic control and variational methods we show that our scheme performs well both in the zero noise limit and pre-asymptotically. Simulation studies for stochastically perturbed bistable dynamics illustrate the theoretical results.
Tidal turbine array modelling using goal-oriented mesh adaptation
Authors: Wallwork Joseph G. , Angeloudis Athanasios , Barral Nicolas , Mackie Lucas , Kramer Stephan C. , Piggott Matthew D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo examine the accuracy and sensitivity of tidal array performance assessment by numerical techniques applying goal-oriented mesh adaptation. The goal-oriented framework is designed to give rise to adaptive meshes upon which a given diagnostic quantity of interest (QoI) can be accurately captured, whilst maintaining a low overall computational cost. We seek to improve the accuracy of the discontinuous Galerkin method applied to a depth-averaged shallow water model of a tidal energy farm, where turbines are represented using a drag parametrisation and the energy output is specified as the QoI. Two goal-oriented adaptation strategies are considered, which give rise to meshes with isotropic and anisotropic elements. We present both fixed mesh and goal-oriented adaptive mesh simulations for an established test case involving an idealised tidal turbine array positioned in a channel. With both the fixed meshes and the goal-oriented methodologies, we reproduce results from the literature which demonstrate how a staggered array configuration extracts more energy than an aligned array. We also make detailed qualitative and quantitative comparisons between the fixed mesh and adaptive outputs. The proposed goal-oriented mesh adaptation strategies are validated for the purposes of tidal energy resource assessment. Using only a tenth of the number of degrees of freedom as a high-resolution fixed mesh benchmark and lower overall runtime, they are shown to enable energy output differences smaller than 2% for a tidal array test case with aligned rows of turbines and less than 10% for a staggered array configuration.
A mathematical model for parameter setting in discrete element numerical simulation
Authors: Qin Song , Lin Haifei , Yang Shouguo , Wei Zongyong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo rationalize the setting of joint parameters, model size, and initial value of vertical stress in simulation of mining of steeply inclined coal seams, a fault tree analysis method of discrete element numerical simulation was used and a mathematical model was proposed. A method of eliminating the influences of size-effect errors on the parameters of coal and rock samples was obtained based on previous work. Furthermore, the constitutive equation and eigenvalue determination formula of a joint discontinuity surface were established, and a method of determination of the joint parameters was proposed, forming the complete “coupling chain” between parameters for numerical simulation. In addition, a formula for the initial value of vertical stress was constructed by way of the compression and shear model of the element body. Also, the minimum dimension was determined by means of strength factor analysis of fracture mechanics. Taking the research literature as an example, the model size and initial value of vertical stress were calculated. On this basis, the physical parameters of coal samples, the physical parameters of coal rocks considering the influence of the size effect and the calculated coal rock joint parameters considering the influence of size effect were directly used to comparatively analyze the displacement and stress fields, thus verifying the reasonability and correctness of the mathematical model.
Migration transformation, prevention, and control of typical heavy metal lead in coal gangue: a review
Authors: Zhang Benfeng , Yang Kang , Zhang Kai , Wang Qibao , Wu Nianqing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCoal gangue is one of China’s main industrial solid wastes, which contains various harmful heavy metal elements, such as lead (Pb). The long-term accumulation of coal gangue causes Pb to migrate to the surrounding environment due to weathering and rain erosion, eventually endangering human life and health with its continuous accumulation in the food chain. This review discusses the migration and transformation process of Pb in coal gangue under different conditions and summarizes the available forms and mechanisms of Pb in coal gangue. The current prevention and control and comprehensive utilization methods of Pb in coal gangue are comprehensively reviewed, and the characteristics of each method are discussed. In order to realize the economical, efficient, and high resource utilization of coal gangue, this paper provides favorable suggestions and support for subsequent in-depth research and the implementation of heavy metal prevention and control measures.
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond Improved Durability and Kinetics for Zinc-Organic Batteries
Authors: Sun Tianjiang , Pan Jun , Zhang Weijia , Jiang Xiaodi , Cheng Min , Zha Zhengtai , Fan Hong Jin , Tao Zhanliang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOrganic compounds have the advantages of green sustainability and high designability, but their high solubility leads to poor durability of zinc-organic batteries. Herein, a high-performance quinone-based polymer (H-PNADBQ) material is designed by introducing an intramolecular hydrogen bonding (HB) strategy. The intramolecular HB (C=O⋯N–H) is formed in the reaction of 1,4-benzoquinone and 1,5-naphthalene diamine, which efficiently reduces the H-PNADBQ solubility and enhances its charge transfer in theory. In situ ultraviolet–visible analysis further reveals the insolubility of H-PNADBQ during the electrochemical cycles, enabling high durability at different current densities. Specifically, the H-PNADBQ electrode with high loading (10 mg cm−2) performs a long cycling life at 125 mA g−1 (> 290 cycles). The H-PNADBQ also shows high rate capability (137.1 mAh g−1 at 25 A g−1) due to significantly improved kinetics inducted by intramolecular HB. This work provides an efficient approach toward insoluble organic electrode materials.
Das Aufeinander-Verwiesen-Sein von Organisation und professioneller Handlungskompetenz: Eine Analyse pädagogischer Kompetenzen durch die kombinierte Erfassung von Einstellungen, Wissen und Können und ihre Verbindung zur Organisationsforschung
Authors: Aust Kirsten , Hartz Stefanie , Gottfried Lara M. 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Aufsatz nimmt das Aufeinander-Verwiesen-Sein von Organisation und Profession im Handeln zum Ausgangspunkt und fokussiert die professionellen Kompetenzen. Er fragt, ob und wenn ja, wie professionelle Kompetenzen von Lehrenden in der Hochschule organisational variieren. Dabei werden zwei Zielrichtungen verfolgt: Theoretisch und forschungsmethodisch gilt es exemplarisch an einem Forschungsprojekt darzustellen, wie Professions- und Organisationsforschung in Theorieanlage und Methode miteinander verbunden sind. Aufbauend darauf weisen empirisch ausgewählte Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass professionelle Kompetenzen von Lehrenden und die Wahrnehmung der Hochschule als unterstützenden versus hemmenden Kontext organisationsbezogen variieren. Auf diese Weise werden der theoretische, methodische und empirische Mehrwert einer Verbindung beider Stränge sichtbar.
Study on Dissolution of Ba-Containing Inoculant in Ductile Cast Iron Melt and Nucleation of Graphite
Authors: Tonkovič Prijanovič Marica , Mrvar Primož , Burja Jaka , Donik Črtomir , Petrič Mitja 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe production of high quality ductile cast iron requires different and complex inoculants. Besides iron and silicon, they also contain alloying elements such as zirconium, strontium, barium, calcium and rare earth metals. The addition of these elements reduces carbide solidification and increases the number of eutectic cells, which improves the quality of the cast iron produced. This study investigates the process of incipient melting of a complex barium inoculant and its effects on graphite nucleation. In the study, the sample was prepared by introducing the inoculant grain into the melt of the ductile iron. The region between the inoculant grain and the less inoculated matrix was examined metallographically using light and scanning electron microscopy. We used energy dispersion spectroscopy to determine the phases in the microstructure formed. It was found that graphite particles can already nucleate and grow in solid particles when the inoculant is still dissolving and also from the melt where the Ba and Ca concentrations are high and form BaO·CaO phases that serve as nuclei for graphite growth.
Worte mit Wirkung
Authors: Thomalla Erika 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungIn den Debatten über Sensitivity Reading bündeln sich aktuelle Auseinandersetzungen über den Begriff des Literarischen. Wie der Beitrag argumentiert, streiten die Fürsprecher und Gegner der sensiblen Lektüre nicht nur über unterschiedliche Auffassungen von Expertise und Fachwissen. Sie vertreten darüber hinaus konträre Vorstellungen von der Funktion und der Wirkung von Texten.
Evaluating Flood Susceptibility in the Brahmaputra River Basin: An Insight into Asia's Eastern Himalayan Floodplains Using Machine Learning and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making
Authors: Debnath Jatan , Sahariah Dhrubajyoti , Mazumdar Meghna , Lahon Durlov , Meraj Gowhar , Hashimoto Shizuka , Kumar Pankaj , Singh Suraj Kumar , Kanga Shruti , Chand Kesar , Saikia Anup 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFloods represent a significant threat to human life, property, and agriculture, especially in low-lying floodplains. This study assesses flood susceptibility in the Brahmaputra River basin, which spans China, India, Bhutan, and Bangladesh—an area notorious for frequent flooding due to the saturation of river water intake capacity. We developed and evaluated several innovative models for predicting flood susceptibility by employing Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques. The models showed robust performance, evidenced by Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC-ROC) scores exceeding 70% and Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) scores below 30%. Our findings indicate that approximately one-third of the studied region is categorized as moderately to highly flood-prone, while over 40% is classified as low to very low flood-risk areas. Specific regions with high to very high flood susceptibility include Dhemaji, Dibrugarh, Lakhimpur, Majuli, Darrang, Nalbari, Barpeta, Bongaigaon, and Dhubri districts in Assam; Coochbihar and Jalpaiguri districts in West Bengal; and Kurigram, Gaibandha, Bogra, Sirajganj, Pabna, Jamalpur, and Manikganj districts in Bangladesh. Owing to their strong performance and the suitability of the training datasets, we recommend the application of the developed MCDM techniques and ML algorithms in geographically similar areas. This study holds significant implications for policymakers, regional administrators, environmentalists, and engineers by informing flood management and prevention strategies, serving as a climate change adaptive response within the Brahmaputra River basin.
Sugarcane bagasse-based biochar and its potential applications: a review
Authors: Zafeer Mohd. Khalid , Menezes Rachel Alveera , Venkatachalam H. , Bhat K. Subrahmanya 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe effective management of agro-industrial waste plays a pivotal role in mitigating various forms of pollution. Sugarcane bagasse (SB), a substantial biomass waste generated in the sugar industry after cane juice extraction, necessitates sustainable handling. Although some sugar mills utilize wet sugarcane bagasse for fueling the milling process, a significant portion remains stockpiled and is often incinerated on-site, resulting in a highly flammable biomass that poses significant risks to the industry and its surroundings. Recognizing the importance of addressing this issue, researchers have identified the conversion of agricultural waste into biochar as an efficient means of harnessing energy following biomass devolatilization. There is scientific interest in the transformation of biomass into value-added products, including biochar, biogas, and biofuel. This comprehensive literature review delves into various pyrolysis processes applicable for converting sugarcane bagasse into char materials, showcasing its potential for diverse applications in line with current scientific interests.
Graphical Abstract
Infant Milk Powder After γ-Irradiation and Accelerated Storage as an Indicator for Space Food Stability
Authors: Watkins Peter , Knoerzer Kai , Ferlazzo Mélanie L. , Banati Richard B. , Adorno P. , Stockham K. , Stobaus T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAt present, terrestrial food sources are used to provision astronauts for engaged in space missions confined to low Earth orbit. However, in the future, long-duration space exploration is planned for the Moon, and, beyond that, to Mars. Food for such extended missions needs a shelf-life of up to 5 years, a sustained nutritional and product quality. Space radiation can impact on such food, but little is known of what impact this could have on these materials. In this study, we evaluated the impact of radiation dosage and accelerated storage on infant milk powder (a formulated product consisting of proteins, fat, lactose, vitamins, and minerals), to evaluate its potential as an indicator for (chemical) space food stability. The milk powder was irradiated at different dosages (0, 2, 10, and 50 kGy) and underwent different storage conditions (20 or 50 °C for 0, 14, 28, 56, and 77 days), with subsequent color measurement and chemical analysis. It was found that γ irradiation had an impact on the milk powder’s color. It was speculated that this change was related to the Maillard reaction. Some changes were also found with the chemical composition, particularly, vitamins A and C, unexpectedly due to their susceptibility to radiation. Notable differences were not observed though for other components (vitamins, fatty acids, and amino acids). We conclude that infant milk powder shows great promise as an indicator of the impact of γ radiation, and accelerated storage, for (chemical) space food stability.
Static Future Technologies, Dynamic Professionalism — Co-creating Future Scenarios in Medical Imaging Practices
Authors: van Hees Susan , Kleinloog Jordi P. D. , Sbrizzi Alessandro , Boon Wouter P. C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNew magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques that offer faster scanning and potential artificial intelligence-assisted interpretation and diagnosis can significantly impact existing workflows in radiology. In a qualitative study embedded within a responsible research and innovation design, we investigate the development and potential implementation of quantitative MRI. We aim to investigate postdigital MRI futures, covered by scenarios of potential workflows, as well as the resulting implications for professions and related education involved in the MRI process. Furthermore, we examine the related and changing responsibilities, more specifically reflecting on ‘forward-looking responsibilities’. Through expert interviews (n = 20) and a focus group, stakeholder perspectives on the future of quantitative imaging techniques were explored. During a subsequent co-creation workshop and another focus group, stakeholders reflected on future scenarios in quantitative MRI. Our study shows that a proactive and future-oriented investigation of the influence of emerging technologies on potential workflows and subsequent changes in expertise and roles help in gaining or increasing awareness about the wider impact of a technology developed to contribute to faster and quantitative MRI exams. We argue that anticipating postdigital worlds by reflecting on future responsibilities through the co-creation of imaginaries can help making uncertain futures tangible in other ways.
Evaluation of Different Bias Correction Methods for Dynamical Downscaled Future Projections of the California Current Upwelling System
Authors: Pozo Buil Mercedes , Fiechter Jerome , Jacox Michael G. , Bograd Steven J. , Alexander Michael A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBiases in global Earth System Models (ESMs) are an important source of errors when used to obtain boundary conditions for regional models. Here we examine historical and future conditions in the California Current System (CCS) using three different methods to force the regional model: (a) interpolation of ESM output to the regional grid with no bias correction; (b) a “seasonally‐varying” delta method that obtains a season‐dependent mean climate change signal from the ESM for a 30‐year future period; and (c) a “time‐varying” delta method that includes the interannual variability of the ESM over the 1980–2100 period. To compare these methods, we use a high‐resolution (0.1°) physical‐biogeochemical regional model to dynamically downscale an ESM projection under the RCP8.5 emission scenario. Using different downscaling methods, the sign of future changes agrees for most of the physical and ecosystem variables, but the spatial patterns and magnitudes of these changes differ, with the seasonal‐ and time‐varying delta simulations showing more similar changes. Not correcting the ESM forcing leads to amplification of biases in some ecosystem variables as well as misrepresentation of the California Undercurrent and CCS source waters. In the non‐bias corrected and time‐varying delta simulations, most of the ecosystem variables inherit trends and decadal variability from the ESM, while in the seasonally‐varying delta simulation the future variability reflects the observed historical variability (1980–2010). Our results demonstrate that bias correcting the forcing prior to downscaling improves historical simulations, and that the bias correction method may impact the spatial and temporal variability of the future projections.
A New Method for Silicon Triple Isotope Analysis With Application to Siliceous Sponge Spicules
Authors: Pack Andreas , Bultmann Eike‐Matthias , Tatzel Michael , Reitner Joachim 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMultiple isotope ratios of elements disclose information on the fractionation mechanism that cannot be obtained from a single isotope ratio alone. We describe a laser fluorination technique in combination with gas source mass spectrometry for the measurement of triple Si isotope ratios with high precision that allows resolving ppm‐level variability in triple silicon isotope ratios (29Si/28Si, 30Si/28Si) Δ‘29Si due to purely mass‐dependent fractionation in Si isotopes. We demonstrate how the triple silicon isotope ratios can be used to characterize different mass‐dependent processes that fractionate silicon isotopes. We report new data on reference materials (NBS‐28 [RM8546], Diatomite, BigBatch) and on siliceous sponges. Our triple silicon isotope data resolve that kinetic fractionation, possibly related to breaking Si(OH)4 molecules, causes the low δ30Si of sponges. The data further suggest that the cause for fractionation may be the same for the groups of Demospongiae, Homoscleromorpha, and Hexactinellida and that triple silicon isotope ratios of sponges have potential as seawater silicon isotope proxy.
Enhanced Subseasonal Variability of Spring Temperature Over Eastern China in 2022: Initial Role of Extremely Heavy Arctic Sea Ice in Previous Winter
Authors: Xu Wenshu , Ma Shuangmei , Zhu Congwen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn spring 2022, strong temperature whiplash events occurred in eastern China (EC), characterized by enhanced subseasonal variability in surface air temperature (SAT). Our results show that extreme temperature fluctuations are dominated by the amplified Eurasian wave train on a biweekly timescale as a possible response to increased sea ice concentrations (SICs) over the Barents‐Kara Seas (BK) in previous winter. Increased winter SICs weaken the upward planetary waves and enhance the stratospheric polar vortex. In spring, the downward propagation of enhanced polar vortex intensifies the polar front jet, increasing kinetic energy gain of the North Atlantic wave train and guiding it to travel farther eastward. The Eurasian wave train strengthens through an upstream development and enhanced local baroclinicity and enhances subseasonal SAT variability over EC. Therefore, the state of BK SICs in previous winter could be a useful signal for the enhanced likelihood of spring extreme temperature whiplash events.
Monthly Precipitation Reconstruction in Subtropical South America Using Seasonal Tree‐Ring Oxygen Isotopes
Authors: Liu Sainan , Xu Chenxi , Fontana Cláudia , An Wenling , Tomazello‐Filho Mario , Zhao Qingyu , Zhao Yaru , Liu Yucheng , Guo Zhengtang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe South American Summer Monsoon (SASM) is one of the most important climate systems in the tropical and subtropical regions of South America, and transports Atlantic moisture to the South American continent. However, there are few high‐resolution tree ring based studies of the SASM due to the difficulty of crossdating and the lack of dependable moisture proxies based on tree‐ring width. In this study, we use intra‐annual tree‐ring oxygen isotope (δ18OTR) data (E.V.A 03w, E.V.Ar11e, E.V.Ar12e; the full name of sample code is Erval Velho ‐ Araucaria) for crossdating, and to extract climate signals and reconstruct monthly precipitation. Our data are from Araucaria angustifolia in southern Brazil, and each annual tree‐ring comprises four parts (parts 1, 2, 3, 4) during 1960–2016. The intra‐annual δ18OTR data show pronounced seasonal variations with a decreasing trend in the growing season. The intra‐annual δ18OTR data record variations in precipitation δ18O values, and the interannual δ18OTR data record a precipitation amount. The δ18OTR values of parts 1 and 2 of each ring show the strongest correlation with precipitation at the beginning of the SASM (i.e., December). δ18OTR values of Part 3 have the strongest correlation with precipitation during January–February, and those of Part 4 are strongly correlated with precipitation during February–June. The seasonal δ18OTR values can be used to reconstruct monthly precipitation in the growing season. Spatial correlations between monthly precipitation reconstruction and global sea surface temperatures reveal that EI Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) regulate seasonal precipitation and affect the δ18OTR values in southern Brazil.