bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoporosis guidelines on TCM drug therapies: a systematic quality evaluation and content analysis
Authors: Zhang Luan , Li Jiahui , Xie Runsheng , Zeng Lingfeng , Chen Wenjia , Li Hui 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to evaluate the quality of osteoporosis guidelines on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) drug therapies and to analyze the specific recommendations of these guidelines.MethodsWe systematically collected guidelines, evaluated the quality of the guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II tool, and summarized the recommendations of TCM drug therapies using the Patient-Intervention-Comparator-Outcome (PICO) model as the analysis framework.Results and conclusionsA total of 20 guidelines were included. Overall quality evaluation results revealed that four guidelines were at level A, four at level B, and 12 at level C, whose quality needed to be improved in the domains of “stakeholder involvement”, “rigor of development”, “applicability” and “editorial independence”. Stratified analysis suggested that the post-2020 guidelines were significantly better than those published before 2020 in the domains of “scope and purpose”, “stakeholder involvement” and “editorial independence”. Guidelines with evidence systems were significantly better than those without evidence systems in terms of “stakeholder involvement”, “rigor of development”, “clarity of presentation” and “applicability”. The guidelines recommended TCM drug therapies for patients with osteopenia, osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture. Recommended TCM drugs were mainly Chinese patent medicine alone or combined with Western medicine, with the outcome mainly focused on improving bone mineral density (BMD).
Recent insights into the role of hormones during development and their functional regulation
Authors: Aref Youssef , Fat Shelby Chun , Ray Edward 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionHormones play a vital role in development from conception to birth and throughout the human lifespan. These periods are logically divided into fetal development, pre-pubertal growth, puberty, and adulthood. Deviations from standard physiological levels and release patterns of constituent hormones can lead to pathology affecting the normal developmental trajectory. Research is ongoing to better understand the mechanisms of these hormones and how their modulation affects development.MethodsThis article focuses on recent developments in understanding the role hormones play in development. We also cover recent discoveries in signaling pathways and hormonal regulation.ResultsNew and continuing research into functional hormone regulation focuses on sex hormones, gonadotropic hormones, growth hormones, insulin-like growth factor, thyroid hormone, and the interconnectedness of each of these functional axes. Currently, the abundance of work focuses on fertility and correction of sex hormone levels based on an individual’s condition and stage in life.DiscussionContinuing research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of hormone modulation in growth and sexual development. The role of each hormone in parallel endocrine axes should also be more thoroughly investigated to help improve the safety and efficacy in endocrine pharmacotherapeutics.
Opportunities for rail in the transport of carbon dioxide in the United States
Authors: Ho Alina , Giannopoulos Diamantoula , Pilorgé Hélène , Psarras Peter 
Published: January 2024

The deployment of carbon management strategies like carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) at scale will require significant investments in transport infrastructure to deliver CO2to reliable storage. While pipeline transport has dominated the conversation due to economic reasons, there is increasing evidence that other modes may become viable alternatives when considering scale, regional opportunities, and social acceptance. This paper assesses the viability of rail for CO2transport in the United States using market analysis, techno-economic assessment and geographic information systems mapping. We believe rail presents many advantages, notably in existing infrastructure with established right-of-ways, but also as an instrument to address unwanted effects of our energy transition, particularly in coal communities. We find that the strategic replacement of coal as a freight commodity could translate into 100 Mt/yr of CO2movement by rail by 2050, and support up to 60,000 jobs in that industry. Further, we find that while rail pricing is notoriously volatile, there is strong support for rail being the least cost option over pipeline for volumes under 2 Mt CO2per year, which aligns well with smaller, more risk-averse, and distributed carbon management projects that are scheduled to deploy over the next decade. Rail can also be an alternative in regions where CO2pipeline projects have had limited success, like in the Midwest, where CO2is captured from ethanol plants that are already serviced by rail networks. Likewise, rail can service roughly 25% of point-source CCS opportunities that are not proximal to projected trunk pipeline networks, of which 94% are located 1-mile from railroad. Finally, rail may be an integral part of CDR development in regions that are not coterminous with geologic storage, particularly in the Western and Northern US.
Prenatal diagnosis of fetuses with ultrasound anomalies by whole-exome sequencing in Luoyang city, China
Authors: Wang Yanan , Yin Fan , Chai Yuqiong , Jin Jiapei , Zhang Pai , Tan Qianqian , Chen Zhigang 
Published: January 2024

Background: There is a great obstacle in prenatal diagnosis of fetal anomalies due to their considerable genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) has been confirmed as a successful option for genetic diagnosis in pediatrics, but its clinical utility for prenatal diagnosis remains to be limited.Methods: A total of 60 fetuses with abnormal ultrasound findings underwent karyotyping or chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and those with negative results were further subjected to WES. The identified variants were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) and the variant of uncertain significance (VUS). Pregnancy outcomes were obtained through a telephone follow-up.Results: Twelve (20%, 12/60) fetuses were diagnosed to have chromosomal abnormalities using karyotyping or CMA. Of the remaining 48 cases that underwent WES, P/LP variants were identified in 14 cases (29.2%), giving an additional diagnostic yield of 23.3% (14/60). The most frequently affected organ referred for prenatal WES was the head or neck system (40%), followed by the skeletal system (39.1%). In terms of pathogenic genes, FGFR3 was the most common diagnostic gene in this cohort. For the first time, we discovered five P/LP variants involved in SEC24D, FIG4, CTNNA3, EPG5, and PKD2. In addition, we identified three VUSes that had been reported previously. Outcomes of pregnancy were available for 54 cases, of which 24 cases were terminated.Conclusion: The results confirmed that WES is a powerful tool in prenatal diagnosis, especially for fetuses with ultrasonographic anomalies that cannot be diagnosed using conventional prenatal methods. Additionally, newly identified variants will expand the phenotypic spectrum of monogenic disorders and greatly enrich the prenatal diagnostic database.
Highly heterogenous humoral immune response in Lyme disease patients revealed by broad machine learning-assisted antibody binding profiling with random peptide arrays
Authors: Kelbauskas L. , Legutki J. B. , Woodbury N. W. 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionLyme disease (LD), a rapidly growing public health problem in the US, represents a formidable challenge due to the lack of detailed understanding about how the human immune system responds to its pathogen, the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium. Despite significant advances in gaining deeper insight into mechanisms the pathogen uses to evade immune response, substantial gaps remain. As a result, molecular tools for the disease diagnosis are lacking with the currently available tests showing poor performance. High interpersonal variability in immune response combined with the ability of the pathogen to use a number of immune evasive tactics have been implicated as underlying factors for the limited test performance.MethodsThis study was designed to perform a broad profiling of the entire repertoire of circulating antibodies in human sera at the single-individual level using planar arrays of short linear peptides with random sequences. The peptides sample sparsely, but uniformly the entire combinatorial sequence space of the same length peptides for profiling the humoral immune response to a B.burg. infection and compare them with other diseases with etiology similar to LD and healthy controls.ResultsThe study revealed substantial variability in antibody binding profiles between individual LD patients even to the same antigen (VlsE protein) and strong similarity between individuals diagnosed with Lyme disease and healthy controls from the areas endemic to LD suggesting a high prevalence of seropositivity in endemic healthy control.DiscussionThis work demonstrates the utility of the approach as a valuable analytical tool for agnostic profiling of humoral immune response to a pathogen.
Spicy food for the egg-cowries: the evolution of corallivory in the Ovulidae (Gastropoda: Cypraeoidea)
Authors: Nocella Elisa , Zvonareva Sofya Sergeevna , Fassio Giulia , Pica Daniela , Buge Barbara , Villa Raimondo , Puillandre Nicolas , Modica Maria Vittoria , Oliverio Marco 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionHost-parasite associations provide very useful models to study adaptive processes. We investigated the interaction between carnivorous marine gastropods, the Ovulidae or egg-cowries, and their cnidarian food targets. Ovulidae (Fleming, 1828), is a family of specialized carnivorous caenogastropods that feed by browsing on octocorals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Malacalcyonacea and Scleralcyonacea) or, to a much lesser degree, on antipatharians (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Antipatharia) and Stylasteridae (Hydrozoa: Hydroidolina: Anthoathecata). Very scanty information is available on the phylogenetic relationships and the degree of specificity of the relationship with the cnidarians of this corallivorous lineage, especially for deep-water taxa.MethodsTo assess taxonomic identifications and investigate cnidarian/ovulid relationships in the context of their evolution, we generated an extensive molecular dataset comprising two mitochondrial (cox1 and 16S rDNA) and one nuclear gene (28S rDNA) from 524 specimens collected worldwide. The coral hosts of the ovulid species have been identified by integrating literature data with new records, employing morphological and/or molecular (the mitochondrial 16S rDNA and mtMSH, and the nuclear ITS2) markers.ResultsWe obtained a molecular phylogenetic framework for the Ovulidae, time-calibrated with nine reliable fossil records. An ancestral state reconstruction allowed to identify Hexacorallia or Hydroidolina as the most likely ancestral cnidarian host for the Ovulidae.DiscussionOur phylogenetic hypothesis revealed the existence of groups that do not completely correspond to the currently employed subfamilial arrangement. Concerning trophic ecology, while only pediculariines (Pedicularia and allied) are associated with hydrozoans (Stylasteridae), our results suggest that some ovulid lineages shifted independently between octocorals and hexacorals.
Development of trofinetide for the treatment of Rett syndrome: from bench to bedside
Authors: Kennedy Melissa , Glass Larry , Glaze Daniel G. , Kaminsky Steve , Percy Alan K. , Neul Jeffrey L. , Jones Nancy E. , Tropea Daniela , Horrigan Joseph P. , Nues Paige , Bishop Kathie M. , Youakim James M. 
Published: January 2024

Rett syndrome (RTT) is rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene that encodes methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2), a DNA-binding protein with roles in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Functional loss of MeCP2 results in abnormal neuronal maturation and plasticity, characterized by loss of verbal communication and loss of fine and gross motor function, among others. Trofinetide, a synthetic analog of glycine-proline-glutamate, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of RTT in adult and pediatric patients aged 2 years and older. Here, we present the development of trofinetide from bench research to clinical studies and emphasize how the collaboration between academia, the pharmaceutical industry, and patient advocacy led to the recent approval. The bench-to-bedside development of trofinetide underscores the value of collaboration between these groups in the development and approval of treatments for rare diseases.
The reporting quality of randomized controlled trials in Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) formulas for diabetes based on the consort statement and its extension for CHM formulas
Authors: Liu Yan , Hu Chaoyue , Zhou Kehua , Zhang Ye , Kang Jing , Wen Yalu , Yuan Ruyue , Li Jiaoyue , Zhao Qiyao , Zhang Li , Yang Xiaohui 
Published: January 2024

Background: This study aimed to assess the overall reporting quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) formulas for patients with diabetes, and to identify factors associated with better reporting quality.Methods: Four databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were systematically searched from their inception to December 2022. The reporting quality was assessed based on the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement and its CHM formula extension. The overall CONSORT and its CHM formula extension scores were calculated and expressed as proportions separately. We also analyzed the pre-specified study characteristics and performed exploratory regressions to determine their associations with the reporting quality.Results: Seventy-two RCTs were included. Overall reporting quality (mean adherence) were 53.56% and 45.71% on the CONSORT statement and its CHM formula extension, respectively. The strongest associations with reporting quality based on the CONSORT statement were multiple centers and larger author numbers. Compliance with the CHM formula extension, particularly regarding the disclosure of the targeted traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pattern (s), was generally insufficient.Conclusion: The reporting quality of RCTs in CHM formulas for diabetes remains unsatisfactory, and the adherence to the CHM formula extension is even poorer. In order to ensure transparent and standardized reporting of RCTs, it is essential to advocate for or even mandate adherence of the CONSORT statement and its CHM formula extension when reporting trials in CHM formulas for diabetes by both authors and editors.
Cardiorespiratory and metabolic consequences of detraining in endurance athletes
Authors: Barbieri Arianna , Fuk Andrea , Gallo Gabriele , Gotti Daniel , Meloni Andrea , La Torre Antonio , Filipas Luca , Codella Roberto 
Published: January 2024

Background: A training program can stimulate physiological, anatomical, and performance adaptations, but these improvements can be partially or entirely reversed due to the cessation of habitual physical activity resulting from illness, injury, or other influencing factors.Purpose: To investigate the effects of detraining on cardiorespiratory, metabolic, hormonal, muscular adaptations, as well as short-term and long-term performance changes in endurance athletes.Methods: Eligible studies were sourced from databases and the library up until July 2023. Included studies considered endurance athletes as subjects and reported on detraining duration.Results: Total cessation of training leads to a decrease in VO2max due to reductions in both blood and plasma volume. Cardiac changes include decreases in left ventricular mass, size, and thickness, along with an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, ultimately resulting in reduced cardiac output and impaired performance. Metabolically, there are declines in lactate threshold and muscle glycogen, increased body weight, altered respiratory exchange ratio, and changes in power parameters. In the short term, there is a decrease in insulin sensitivity, while glucagon, growth hormone, and cortisol levels remain unchanged. Skeletal muscle experiences reductions in arterial-venous oxygen difference and glucose transporter-4. Implementing a partial reduction in training may help mitigate drastic losses in physiological and performance parameters, a consideration when transitioning between training seasons.Conclusion: There is a dearth of data investigating the detraining effects of training reduction/cessation among endurance athletes. Delving deeper into this topic may be useful for professionals and researchers to identify the optimal strategies to minimize these effects.
Assessment of the reliability and quality of breast cancer related videos on TikTok and Bilibili: cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Liu Hui , Peng Jialun , Li Lu , Deng Ao , Huang Xiangxin , Yin Guobin , Ming Jia , Luo Haojun , Liang Yinyin 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundAs the most common malignant tumor in the world, breast cancer also brings a huge disease burden to China. Ordinary people are increasingly inclined to use the Internet, especially video social platforms, as a source of health information. Educating the public to obtain correct information is important to reduce the incidence of breast cancer and improve the prognosis. However, the quality and reliability of breast cancer-related video content have not been fully studied.ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the quality of the information of breast cancer-related videos on TikTok and Bilibili video sharing platforms and factors related to video quality.MethodsWe collected the top 100 videos about breast cancer on TikTok and Bilibili, respectively. Categorize videos according to video source and video content. Video quality and reliability were assessed using Global Quality Score (GQS) and modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) tools. We also analyzed the correlation between video quality and video likes, comments, saves, and shares.ResultsAlthough the quality and reliability of Bilibili’s breast cancer videos were higher than TikTok (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively), the video quality of both video sharing platforms was not satisfactory, with a median GQS scores of 2.00 and 3.00 and mDISCERN scores of 1.00 and 2.00, respectively. In general, the quality and reliability of videos released by medical practitioners were higher than those of non-medical practitioners, and the quality and reliability of videos covering disease-related knowledge were higher than those of news reports (all p &lt; 0.001). Among medical practitioners, the quality of videos uploaded by doctors in breast disease was significantly lower than that of doctors in other areas (p &lt; 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between video quality and duration (r = 0.240, p &lt; 0.001), a weak negative correlation between video quality and likes (r = 0.191, p &lt; 0.01), video quality and comments (r = 0.256, p &lt; 0.001), video reliability and likes (r = 0.198, p &lt; 0.001), video reliability and comments (r = 0.243, p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionOur study shows that the quality and reliability of breast cancer-related videos on TikTok and Bilibili are poor, and the overall quality is unsatisfactory. But videos uploaded by medical practitioners covering disease knowledge, prevention and treatment are of higher quality. Medical practitioners are encouraged to publish more high-quality videos, while video social platforms should formulate relevant policies to censor and supervise health education videos, so as to enable the public to obtain reliable health information.
Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae from invasive pneumococcal diseases in Latin American countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sandoval María Macarena , Ruvinsky Silvina , Palermo María Carolina , Alconada Tomás , Brizuela Martín Eduardo , Wierzbicki Eugenia Ramirez , Cantos Joaquín , Bardach Ariel , Ciapponi Agustín , Gagetti Paula 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundInvasive pneumococcal disease has declined since pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). However, serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns have changed.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review to evaluate the frequency of antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae from invasive disease in LAC. Articles published between 1 January 2000, and 27 December 2022, with no language restriction, were searched in major databases and gray literature. Pairs of reviewers independently selected extracted data and assessed the risk of bias in the studies. The quality of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) studies was evaluated according to WHO recommendations (PROSPERO CRD42023392097).ResultsFrom 8,600 records identified, 103 studies were included, with 49,660 positive samples of S. pneumoniae for AMR analysis processed. Most studies were from Brazil (29.1%) and Argentina (18.4%), were cross-sectional (57.3%), reported data on AMR from IPD cases (52.4%), and were classified as moderate risk of bias (50.5%). Resistance to penicillin was 21.7% (95%IC 18.7–25.0, I2: 95.9), and for ceftriaxone/cefotaxime it was 4.7% (95%IC 3.2–6.9, I2: 96.1). The highest resistance for both penicillin and ceftriaxone/cefotaxime was in the age group of 0 to 5 years (32.1% [95%IC 28.2–36.4, I2: 87.7], and 9.7% [95%IC 5.9–15.6, I2: 96.9] respectively). The most frequent serotypes associated with resistance were 14 for penicillin and 19A for ceftriaxone/cefotaxime.ConclusionApproximately one-quarter of invasive pneumococcal disease isolates in Latin America and the Caribbean displayed penicillin resistance, with higher rates in young children. Ongoing surveillance is essential to monitor serotype evolution and antimicrobial resistance patterns following pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction.