bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BubbleFormer: Bubble Diagram Generation via Dual Transformer Models
Authors: Sun Jiahui , Zheng Liping , Zhang Gaofeng , Wu Wenming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBubble diagrams serve as a crucial tool in the field of architectural planning and graphic design. With the surge of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC), there has been a continuous emergence of research and development efforts focused on utilizing bubble diagrams for layout design and generation. However, there is a lack of research efforts focused on bubble diagram generation. In this paper, we propose a novel generative model, BubbleFormer, for generating diverse and plausible bubble diagrams. BubbleFormer consists of two improved Transformer networks: NodeFormer and EdgeFormer. These networks generate nodes and edges of the bubble diagram, respectively. To enhance the generation diversity, a VAE module is incorporated into BubbleFormer, allowing for the sampling and generation of numerous high‐quality bubble diagrams. BubbleFormer is trained end‐to‐end and evaluated through qualitative and quantitative experiments. The results demonstrate that BubbleFormer can generate convincing and diverse bubble diagrams, which in turn drive downstream tasks to produce high‐quality layout plans. The model also shows generalization capabilities in other layout generation tasks and outperforms state‐of‐the‐art techniques in terms of quality and diversity. In previous work, bubble diagrams as input are provided by users, and as a result, our bubble diagram generative model fills a significant gap in automated layout generation driven by bubble diagrams, thereby enabling an end‐to‐end layout design and generation. Code for this paper is at https://github.com/cgjiahui/BubbleFormer.
Injectable platelet rich fibrin versus hyaluronic acid with bovine derived xenograft for alveolar ridge preservation. A randomized controlled clinical trial with histomorphometric analysis
Authors: Abaza Gehad , Abdel Gaber Hala Kamal , Afifi Nermeen Sami , Adel‐Khattab Doaa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlveolar ridge preservation (ARP) is a technique that aims to maintain bone volume and minimize resorption after tooth extraction.ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the effectiveness of injectable platelet‐rich fibrin (I‐PRF) versus hyaluronic acid (HA) in combination with xenografts for ARP.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial included 36 patients (20 females and 16 males) who required implant placement in the upper arch. The patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups (n = 12 each): I‐PRF with xenografts, HA with xenografts, or xenografts alone. All patients underwent ARP, and the extraction sockets were sealed with a free gingival graft harvested from the palate, a total of 36 implants were inserted. Cone‐beam CT scans were performed before and 4 months postoperatively to measure radiographic bone gain as the primary outcome. Clinical parameters, including soft tissue thickness and clinical bone width, were evaluated preoperatively, and at 4 months and 1 year postoperatively. Additionally, histological assessment of core bone biopsies was performed 4 months postoperatively using histomorphometric analysis to determine the percentages of newly formed bone, mature bone, and residual grafts.ResultsRegarding the radiographic bone gain 4 months postoperative the HA group exhibited the highest value (9.78 ± 0.87), which was significantly greater than the values observed in the I‐PRF and control groups (8.60 ± 1.27 and 7.99 ± 0.89, respectively) (one‐way ANOVA, p = 0.007). Crestal bone loss was significantly higher in the control group (−0.98 ± 0.18) than in the I‐PRF group (−0.53 ± 0.11) and HA group (−0.33 ± 0.15) groups (one‐way ANOVA, p < 0.001). In the histomorphometric analysis, the mean area fraction of newly formed bone trabeculae was significantly higher in the HA group (56.66 ± 7.35) than in the I‐PRF group (28.74 ± 5.15) and the control group (24.05 ± 3.64) (repeated measures ANOVA, p < 0.001). Additionally, the mean area fraction of residual graft material was higher in the I‐PRF group (6.76 ± 2.59), followed by the control group (2.71 ± 1.24), while the HA group had the lowest value (2.63 ± 1.27) (Repeated measures ANOVA, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe combination of HA with xenografts yielded better radiographic and histological outcomes in terms of new bone formation and degree of bone maturation than the I‐PRF and control groups. Furthermore, I‐PRF improved soft tissue thickness.Please note that clinical trial registration was not completed prior to participant recruitment and randomization. The registration link for this trial is https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05781529.
Neuroprotective effects of gemfibrozil in neurological disorders: Focus on inflammation and molecular mechanisms
Authors: Ivraghi Mehraveh Sadeghi , Zamanian Mohammad Yasin , Gupta Reena , Achmad Harun , Alsaab Hashem O. , Hjazi Ahmed , Romero‐Parra Rosario Mireya , Alwaily Enas R. , Hussien Beneen M. , Hakimizadeh Elham 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundGemfibrozil (Gem) is a drug that has been shown to activate PPAR‐α, a nuclear receptor that plays a key role in regulating lipid metabolism. Gem is used to lower the levels of triglycerides and reduce the risk of coronary heart disease in patients. Experimental studies in vitro and in vivo have shown that Gem can prevent or slow the progression of neurological disorders (NDs), including cerebral ischemia (CI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Neuroinflammation is known to play a significant role in these disorders.MethodThe literature review for this study was conducted by searching Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases.ResultThe results of this study show that Gem has neuroprotective effects through several cellular and molecular mechanisms such as: (1) Gem has the ability to upregulate pro‐survival factors (PGC‐1α and TFAM), promoting the survival and function of mitochondria in the brain, (2) Gem strongly inhibits the activation of NF‐κB, AP‐1, and C/EBPβ in cytokine‐stimulated astroglial cells, which are known to increase the expression of iNOS and the production of NO in response to proinflammatory cytokines, (3) Gem protects dopamine neurons in the MPTP mouse model of PD by increasing the expression of PPARα, which in turn stimulates the production of GDNF in astrocytes, (4) Gem reduces amyloid plaque pathology, reduces the activity of glial cells, and improves memory, (5) Gem increases myelin genes expression (MBP and CNPase) via PPAR‐β, and (6) Gem increases hippocampal BDNF to counteract depression.ConclusionAccording to the study, Gem was investigated for its potential therapeutic effect in NDs. Further research is needed to fully understand the therapeutic potential of Gem in NDs.
An intronic enhancer of Cebpa regulates adipocyte differentiation and adipose tissue development via long‐range loop formation
Authors: Li Xiaokai , Zeng Sha , Chen Li , Zhang Yu , Li Xuemin , Zhang Biwei , Su Duo , Du Qinjiao , Zhang Jiaman , Wang Haoming , Zhong Zhining , Zhang Jinwei , Li Penghao , Jiang Anan , Long Keren , Li Mingzhou , Ge Liangpeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCebpa is a master transcription factor gene for adipogenesis. However, the mechanisms of enhancer–promoter chromatin interactions controlling Cebpa transcriptional regulation during adipogenic differentiation remain largely unknown. To reveal how the three‐dimensional structure of Cebpa changes during adipogenesis, we generated high‐resolution chromatin interactions of Cebpa in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes and 3T3‐L1 adipocytes using circularized chromosome conformation capture sequencing (4C‐seq). We revealed dramatic changes in chromatin interactions and chromatin status at interaction sites during adipogenic differentiation. Based on this, we identified five active enhancers of Cebpa in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes through epigenomic data and luciferase reporter assays. Next, epigenetic repression of Cebpa‐L1‐AD‐En2 or ‐En3 by the dCas9‐KRAB system significantly down‐regulated Cebpa expression and inhibited adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, experimental depletion of cohesin decreased the interaction intensity between Cebpa‐L1‐AD‐En2 and the Cebpa promoter and down‐regulated Cebpa expression, indicating that long‐range chromatin loop formation was mediated by cohesin. Two transcription factors, RXRA and PPARG, synergistically regulate the activity of Cebpa‐L1‐AD‐En2. To test whether Cebpa‐L1‐AD‐En2 plays a role in adipose tissue development, we injected dCas9‐KRAB‐En2 lentivirus into the inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) of mice to suppress the activity of Cebpa‐L1‐AD‐En2. Repression of Cebpa‐L1‐AD‐En2 significantly decreased Cebpa expression and adipocyte size, altered iWAT transcriptome, and affected iWAT development. We identified functional enhancers regulating Cebpa expression and clarified the crucial roles of Cebpa‐L1‐AD‐En2 and Cebpa promoter interaction in adipocyte differentiation and adipose tissue development.
Time‐dependent clearance can confound exposure–response analysis of therapeutic antibodies: A comprehensive review of the current literature
Authors: Proctor Jeffrey R. , Wong Harvey 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExposure–response (ER) analysis is used to optimize dose and dose regimens during clinical development. Characterization of relationships between drug exposure and efficacy or safety outcomes can be utilized to make dose adjustments that improve patient response. Therapeutic antibodies typically show predictable pharmacokinetics (PK) but can exhibit clearance that decreases over time due to treatment. Moreover, time‐dependent changes in clearance are frequently associated with drug response, with larger decreases in clearance and increased exposure seen in patients who respond to treatment. This often confounds traditional ER analysis, as drug response influences exposure rather than the reverse. In this review, we survey published population PK analyses for reported time‐dependent drug clearance effects across 158 therapeutic antibodies approved or in regulatory review. We describe the mechanisms by which time‐dependent clearance can arise, and evaluate trends in frequency, magnitude, and time scale of changes in clearance with respect to indication, mechanistic interpretation of time‐dependence, and PK modeling techniques employed. We discuss the modeling and simulation strategies commonly used to characterize time‐dependent clearance, and examples where time‐dependent clearance has impeded ER analysis. A case study using population model simulation was explored to interrogate the impact of time‐dependent clearance on ER analysis and how it can lead to spurious conclusions. Overall, time‐dependent clearance arises frequently among therapeutic antibodies and has spurred erroneous conclusions in ER analysis. Appropriate PK modeling techniques aid in identifying and characterizing temporal shifts in exposure that may impede accurate ER assessment and successful dose optimization.
Carbon sequestration in soils and climate change mitigation—Definitions and pitfalls
Authors: Don Axel , Seidel Felix , Leifeld Jens , Kätterer Thomas , Martin Manuel , Pellerin Sylvain , Emde David , Seitz Daria , Chenu Claire 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe term carbon (C) sequestration has not just become a buzzword but is something of a siren's call to scientific communicators and media outlets. Carbon sequestration is the removal of C from the atmosphere and the storage, for example, in soil. It has the potential to partially compensate for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and is, therefore, an important piece in the global climate change mitigation puzzle. However, the term C sequestration is often used misleadingly and, while likely unintentional, can lead to the perpetuation of biased conclusions and exaggerated expectations about its contribution to climate change mitigation efforts. Soils have considerable potential to take up C but many are also in a state of continuous loss. In such soils, measures to build up soil C may only lead to a reduction in C losses (C loss mitigation) rather than result in real C sequestration and negative emissions. In an examination of 100 recent peer‐reviewed papers on topics surrounding soil C, only 4% were found to have used the term C sequestration correctly. Furthermore, 13% of the papers equated C sequestration with C stocks. The review, further, revealed that measures leading to C sequestration will not always result in climate change mitigation when non‐CO2 greenhouse gases and leakage are taken into consideration. This paper highlights potential pitfalls when using the term C sequestration incorrectly and calls for accurate usage of this term going forward. Revised and new terms are suggested to distinguish clearly between C sequestration in soils, SOC loss mitigation, negative emissions, climate change mitigation, SOC storage, and SOC accrual to avoid miscommunication among scientists and stakeholder groups in future.
Do regrowth age and microbial inoculant usage affect the microbial diversity and fermentation characteristics of forage peanut silage?
Authors: Macêdo Alberto Jefferson da Silva , Pereira Odilon Gomes , Leite Gabriela Duarte Oliveira , Santos Hosnerson Renan Oliveira , Coutinho Danielle Nascimento , Leite Patrícia Siqueira , da Silva Vanessa Paula , Valadares Filho Sebastião de Campos , Ribeiro Karina Guimarães 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study evaluated the fermentation characteristics, microbial diversity, chemical composition, and in vitro digestibility of forage peanut silage harvested at two regrowth ages and treated with microbial inoculants at different fermentation periods. A randomized block design was used, with two regrowth ages (R; 40 and 80 days), three microbial inoculants (I; control without inoculant [CTRL], strain AV14.17—Lactiplantibacillus pentosus strain AV14.17 [ISO], and commercial inoculant [CI] Sil‐All 4 × 4 (Lallemand Animal Nutrition®, Patos de Minas‐MG, Brazil), and four storage time (ST; 3, 14, 30, and 60 days after ensiling) arranged in a 2 × 3 × 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The R × I × ST interaction had a significant effect (p ≤ .05) on the ammoniacal nitrogen content in relation to total nitrogen (NH3‐N/ total N) and on the yeast population. The I × ST interaction also had a significant effect (p ≤ .05) on pH, soluble carbohydrate, NH3‐N/total N, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and filamentous fungi. Inoculated silages with ISO and CI showed lower pH and NH3‐N/total N values, as well as lower abundance of enterobacteria, yeast, and filamentous fungi. In silages inoculated with ISO, the relative abundance of genus Lactiplantibacillus was high and that of genus Enterobacter was low. Silages inoculated with ISO and CI showed predominance of the family Lactobacillaceae. The data support the recommendation to ensile forage peanut at both regrowth ages (40 and 80 days) associated with microbial inoculant application to promote improvements in the fermentation characteristics of the silage and a greater abundance of genus Lactiplantibacillus.
Effect of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy prior to oesophageal cancer surgery on postoperative wound complications in patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Xiao , Jia Chunyang , Zhu Ying 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIt is still a matter of controversy whether percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG) should be used prior to the operation for the purpose of feeding the patient with resectable oesophageal carcinoma (EC). Comparison was made between EC and preoperatively treated PEG and non‐preoperative PEG. An extensive literature review has been conducted to determine the results about PEG and No‐PEG trials. In this paper, we chose 4 papers out of 407 of them through a strict selection process. In this trial, there were 1027 surgical cases of oesophagus carcinoma, 152 with PEG pre‐surgery and 875 without PEG. The total sample size ranged from 14 to 657. Two studies showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of postoperative wound infection among PEG and No‐PEG(OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.38, 2.80 p = 0.96), there was no statistical significance in the likelihood of anastomotic leak among PEG after surgery compared to No‐PEG in 4 trials (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.62–2.07 p = 0.69), and there were no statistical differences between PEG and No‐PEG before operation on anastomotic stricture for esophagectomy(OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.31–1.56 p = 0.38). No wound or anastomosis complications were observed in the PEG group. Thus, PEG preoperatively is an effective and safe procedure without any harmful influence on gastrointestinal structure or anastomosing. It can be applied to patients with oesophagus carcinoma who have a high risk of undernutrition. Nevertheless, because of the limited number of randomized controlled trials in this meta‐analysis, caution should be exercised in their treatment. More high‐quality research involving a large sample is required to confirm the findings.
Higher atherogenic risk in schoolchildren is associated with MTMR9 rs2293855 gene polymorphism and genetic score
Authors: Silva Mariane Alves , Resende Cristina Maria Mendes , Louro Maíra Barros , Ribeiro Sarah Aparecida Vieira , do Carmo Castro Franceschini Sylvia , Velasquez‐Melendez Gustavo , Alvarez‐Leite Jacqueline Isaura , Durso Danielle Fernandes , de Novaes Juliana Farias 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChildhood dyslipidaemia is associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood, so evaluating whether an individual has a genetic predisposition to this pathology is of great importance for early action of prevention and treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the FTO (rs9939609), MC4R (rs17782313) and MTMR9 (rs2293855) polymorphisms, the obesity‐related genetic risk score and atherogenic risk in Brazilian children. This is a cross‐sectional study conducted in 544 children aged 4–9 years in the city of Viçosa, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The single nucleotide polymorphisms rs9939609, rs17782313 and rs2293855, were identified by the system TaqMan SNP genotyping and the obesity‐related genetic risk score was determined. The lipid profile (serum total cholesterol [TC], high density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, low density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol, triglycerides) was analysed and the atherogenic indices (Castelli I and II indices), atherogenic coefficient (AC), lipoprotein combined index (LCI) and plasma atherogenic index (PAI) were calculated. A semi‐structured questionnaire was applied, obtaining data on the sociodemographic, economic and lifestyle characteristics of the children. Weight and height measurements were performed in all children, and body composition was evaluated by Dual‐Energy X‐ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 55.5% of the sample had dyslipidaemia, while 28.5% of the sample had at least one polymorphism and 2.2% had three polymorphisms. Children with the AG/AA genotypes in the rs2293855 polymorphism had lower HDL cholesterol levels and higher TC/HDL cholesterol, LDL/HDL cholesterol ratios and AC. Those with one or more polymorphisms (rs9939609, rs17782313 and rs2293855) in the genetic risk score had lower HDL cholesterol levels and higher TC/HDL cholesterol ratios, AC, LCI and PAI. In conclusion, the risk allele of the rs2293855 polymorphism and a higher obesity‐related genetic risk score were positively associated with higher atherogenic risk in Brazilian children.
Lessons for strengthening policymaking for obesity and diet‐related noncommunicable disease prevention: A narrative synthesis of policy literature from the Western Pacific Region
Authors: Reeve Erica , Bell Colin , Sacks Gary , Mounsey Sarah , Waqa Gade , Peeters Anna , Thow Anne Marie 
Published: October 2023

SummaryObesity and diet‐related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have a profound impact on individuals, households, health care systems, and economies in low‐ and middle‐ income countries (LMICs), with the Western Pacific Region experiencing some of the highest impacts. Governments have committed to improving population diets; however, implementation challenges limit effective policy action. We undertook meta‐narrative synthesis of the academic literature and used theories of policymaking and implementation to synthesize current knowledge of issues affecting the adoption and implementation of policies to prevent obesity and diet‐related NCDs in LMICs in the Western Pacific Region. We found that political leadership and management of food and nutrition policies often diluted following policy adoption, and that nutrition and health advocates find it difficult to enforce policy compliance from actors outside their sectors. Opportunities for strengthening implementation of food and nutrition policies in the Western Pacific include (1) improved and earlier engagement between health policymakers and implementing agencies; (2) focusing on the need for increased accountability from governments, including through effective engagement and organization of actor networks, knowledge sharing, and in highlighting where stronger action is required; and (3) identifying and building the strategic capacities of policy actors in framing, advocacy, coalition‐building, knowledge translation, and leadership.
Emerging factors affecting peri‐implant bone metabolism
Authors: Insua Angel , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Miron Richard J. , Wang Hom‐Lay , Monje Alberto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractImplant dentistry has evolved to the point that standard implant osseointegration is predictable. This is attributed in part to the advancements in material sciences that have led toward improvements in implant surface technology and characteristics. Nonetheless, there remain several cases where implant therapy fails (specifically at early time points), most commonly attributed to factors affecting bone metabolism. Among these patients, smokers are known to have impaired bone metabolism and thus be subject to higher risks of early implant failure and/or late complications related to the stability of the peri‐implant bone and mucosal tissues. Notably, however, emerging data have unveiled other critical factors affecting osseointegration, namely, those related to the metabolism of bone tissues. The aim of this review is to shed light on the effects of implant‐related factors, like implant surface or titanium particle release; surgical‐related factors, like osseodensification or implanted biomaterials; various drugs, like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, proton pump inhibitors, anti‐hypertensives, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory medication, and statins, and host‐related factors, like smoking, diet, and metabolic syndrome on bone metabolism, and aseptic peri‐implant bone loss. Despite the infectious nature of peri‐implant biological complications, these factors must be surveyed for the effective prevention and management of peri‐implantitis.