bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple mouse biological loading and monitoring system for MRI
Authors: Dazai Jun , Bock Nicholas A. , Nieman Brian J. , Davidson Lorinda M. , Henkelman R. Mark , Chen X. Josette 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe use of mice to study models of human disease has resulted in a surge of interest in developing mouse MRI. The ability to take 3D, high‐resolution images of live mice allows significant insight into anatomy and function. However, with imaging times on the order of hours, high throughput of specimens has been problematic. To facilitate high throughput, concurrent imaging of multiple mice has been developed; however, this poses further complexities regarding the ease and rapidity of loading several animals. In this study, custom‐built equipment was developed to streamline the preparation process and to safely maintain seven mice during a multiple‐mouse imaging session. Total preparation time for seven mice was ∼24 min. ECG and temperature were monitored throughout the scan and maintained by regulating anesthetic and heating. Proof of principle was demonstrated in a 3‐h imaging session of seven mice. Magn Reson Med 52:709–715, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved venous suppression and spatial resolution with SENSE in elliptical centric 3D contrast‐enhanced MR angiography
Authors: Hu Houchun H. , Madhuranthakam Ananth J. , Kruger David G. , Huston John , Riederer Stephen J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe elliptical centric (EC) view order samples a 3DFT acquisition from the center of k‐space outward, and when applied to contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (CE‐MRA) provides intrinsic venous suppression. This is because the veins enhance several seconds after the scan is initiated, and are thus encoded solely by noncentral k‐space frequencies. A separate method, sensitivity encoding (SENSE), accelerates the k‐space sampling rate by reducing the phase FOV or, equivalently, by increasing the k‐space sampling interval, and has been used to increase spatiotemporal resolution. We hypothesized that by combining SENSE with EC, sampling of central k‐space would be accelerated and the k‐space radius at which the veins first showed contrast enhancement would be increased over a reference scan, thus providing improved venous suppression and spatial resolution without additional scan time. This hypothesis was studied with the use of phantom and carotid CE‐MRA experiments, and the results demonstrated an approximate 25% reduction in venous signal when SENSE was used. Magn Reson Med 52:761–765, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time‐resolved 3D MR angiography of the abdomen with a real‐time system
Authors: Wieben Oliver , Grist Thomas M. , Hany Thomas F. , Thornton Frank J. , Glaser John K. , Skuldt Dean H. , Block Walter F. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis study reports on the implementation of a real‐time MR acquisition, reconstruction, and display system on standard hardware for 3D contrast‐enhanced MR abdominal angiography. The system allows for dynamic imaging of the contrast passage with good spatial resolution in a single breathhold. It is capable of synchronously acquiring and processing multiple coil data. Bolus arrival can be detected confidently from the display of MIP images from sagittal 3D slabs with moderate spatial resolution. Upon detection of the contrast agent, the patient is asked to hold their breath and a novel 3D acquisition is started for a coronal volume. Temporal imaging within the breathhold is achieved through applying a modified time‐resolved imaging of contrast kinetics (TRICKS) technique with elliptical centric view ordering. The technique displays contrast passage from the arterial phase through enhancement of the hepatic venous system. It also provides the ability to quantify motion of the diaphragm over a long breathhold. Magn Reson Med 52:921–926, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simple model of double adiabatic inversion (DAI) efficiency
Authors: Gach H. Michael , Dai Weiying 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMultislice continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) using alternating single adiabatic inversion (SAI) and double adiabatic inversion (DAI) (ASD) suffers from control inefficiencies that reduce the perfusion signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). A simple analytic model for DAI efficiency (χ) is presented, and compared with simulation and experimental data. The DAI efficiency (defined as the ratio of uninverted to equilibrium spins) depends primarily on the effective adiabaticity (β′) and the inversion time (both determined from the labeling RF field and gradient amplitudes, and flow velocities). In this study, χ behaved like a damped oscillator, starting from 1 at β′ = 0 (no spin inversion), dropping to 0.5 at β′ = 0.5 (spin saturation), rising again to a peak at β′ ∼ 3, and subsequently oscillating at higher β′. The simple model matched the flow phantom data for β′ < 2, with an accuracy of better than 10%, but it diverged from the flow phantom data as the data oscillated at higher β′. The relative inversion efficiencies of ASD and simultaneous proximal and distal irradiation (SPDI) were measured in 28 elderly volunteers. The ratio of CASL difference (control ‐ label) signals measured in gray matter (= 1.16 ± 0.05), and the simple efficiency models (= 1.13 ± 0.02) had a correlation coefficient of 0.974. Magn Reson Med 52:941–946, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multidimensional proteomic analysis of photosynthetic membrane proteins by liquid extraction‐ultracentrifugation‐liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Huber Christian G. , Walcher Wolfgang , Timperio Anna‐Maria , Troiani Sonia , Porceddu Andrea , Zolla Lello 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe membrane protein components of photosystem I (PSI) and II (PSII) from different species were prefractionated by liquid extraction and sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and subsequently analyzed by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (RP‐HPLC‐ESI‐MS) using poly‐(styrene‐divinylbenzene)‐based monolithic capillary columns. The analytical method was shown to be very flexible and enabled the identification of antenna proteins as well as most of the proteins of the reaction center from PSI and PSII in various plant species with few RP‐HPLC‐ESI‐MS analyses necessitating only minor adaptations in the gradients of acetonitrile in 0.05% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid. The membrane proteins, ranging in molecular mass (Mr) from 4196 (I protein) to more than 80 000 (PSI A/B) as well as isoforms were identified on the basis of their intact Mr and comparison with Mr deduced from known DNA or protein sequences. High quality mass spectra enabled the identification and quantitation of the nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated reaction center subunits D1, D2, and CP43 of PSII, containing five to seven membrane‐spanning α‐helices. Because of its high flexibility and suitability for proteins having a very wide range of Mr and hydrophobicities, the method is generally applicable to the analysis of complex mixtures of membrane proteins.
Identification of antigenic proteins from Neospora caninum recognized by bovine immunoglobulins M, E, A and G using immunoproteomics
Authors: Shin Yong‐seung , Lee Eung‐goo , Shin Gee‐wook , Kim Young‐rim , Lee Eun‐young , Kim Jae‐hoon , Jang Hwan , Gershwin Laurel J. , Kim Dae‐yong , Kim Yong‐hwan , Kim Gon‐sup , Suh Myung‐deuk , Jung Tae‐sung 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAntigenic proteins of Neospora caninum (N. caninum) against bovine immunoglobulins M, E, A, and G were investigated by using immunoproteomics. Proteins of N. caninum (KBA‐2) tachyzoite lysates separated by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis were transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes, probed with different bovine immunoglobulin class and classified. Antigenic spots recognized were also identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) analysis. 132, 84, 4, and 40 antigenic protein spots were recognized on N. caninum immunoblot profiles against bovine IgM, IgE, IgA, and IgG, respectively. Of these protein spots, the antigenic proteins recognized by either IgM, IgE, and IgG, or IgM and IgG were HSP70, pyruvate kinase, actin, NCDG‐1, tubulin α‐chain, and putative ribosomal protein S2. On the other hand, IgM, IgE, and IgA reacted with NTPase, HSP60, tubulin β‐chain, putative protein disulfide isomerase, enolase, lactate dehydrogenase, serine‐threonine phosphatase, 14‐3‐3 protein homologue, and GRA2 protein. Most of the antigenic proteins identified were associated with the process of invasion, proliferation, and egression of apicomplexans. In our study, HSP70, actin, NTPase, HSP60, pyruvate kinase, enolase, putative ribosomal protein S2, NCDG‐1, and GRA2 proteins were found to be immunodominant proteins, which may contribute to the development of diagnostic markers and vaccine.
Identification of B‐cell translocation gene 1 as a biomarker for monitoring the remission of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Cho Jae‐We , Kim Jeong Jung , Park Sung Goo , Lee Do Hee , Lee Sang Chul , Kim Hyeoung‐Joon , Park Byoung Chul , Cho Sayeon 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a biologically heterogeneous disease of the hematopoietic system characterized by a clonal accumulation of immature blast cells in bone marrow. We used a proteomic approach based on two‐dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to search for biomarkers related to the complete remission (CR) state of AML patients. We detected one AML‐related protein, which was identified as the B‐cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) protein that belongs to anti‐proliferative protein family. In the CR state of AML‐M2 and M3 patients (by French‐American‐British subtype classification), the BTG1 protein was upregulated in bone marrow mononuclear cells. It was also expressed robustly in normal bone marrow mononuclear cells. In addition, the BTG1 levels in AML‐M2 patients in a non‐remission state after therapy did not increase as they did before therapy. Overexpression of BTG1 mRNA was also observed in the CR state of all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA)‐treated AML‐M3 patients and ATRA‐treated HL‐60 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that BTG1 may play a role in the differentiation process of myeloid cells and can therefore be used as a potential treatment‐related biomarker for monitoring the remission status of AML‐M2 and M3 patients.
Identification of oxidized mitochondrial proteins in alcohol‐exposed human hepatoma cells and mouse liver
Authors: Suh Soo‐Kyung , Hood Brian L. , Kim Bong‐Jo , Conrads Thomas P. , Veenstra Timothy D. , Song Byoung J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractHeavy alcohol consumption can damage various cells and organs partly through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysfunction. Treatment with antioxidants can significantly reduce the degree of damage. Despite well established roles of ROS in alcohol‐induced cell injury, the proteins that are selectively oxidized by ROS are poorly characterized. We hypothesized that certain cysteinyl residues of target proteins are oxidized by ROS upon alcohol exposure, and these modified proteins may play roles in mitochondrial dysfunction. A targeted proteomics approach utilizing biotin‐N‐maleimide (biotin‐NM) as a specific probe to label oxidized cysteinyl residues was employed to investigate which mitochondrial proteins are modified during and after alcohol exposure. Human hepatoma HepG2 cells with transduced CYP2E1 (E47 cells) were used as a model to generate ROS through CYP2E1‐mediated ethanol metabolism. Following exposure to 100 mM ethanol for 4 and 8 h, the biotin‐NM‐labeled oxidized proteins were purified with agarose coupled to either streptavidin or monoclonal antibody against biotin. The purified proteins were resolved by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and protein spots that displayed differential abundances were excised from the gel, in‐gel digested with trypsin and analyzed for identity utilizing either matrix‐assisted laser desorption‐time of flight mass spectrometry or microcapillary reversed‐phase liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The results demonstrate that heat shock protein 60, protein disulfide isomerase, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenases, prohibitin, and other proteins were oxidized after alcohol exposure. The identity of some of the proteins purified with streptavidin‐agarose was also confirmed by immunoblot analyses using the specific antibody to each target protein. This method was also used to identify oxidized mitochondrial proteins in the alcohol‐fed mouse liver. These results suggest that exposure to ethanol causes oxidation of various mitochondrial proteins that may negatively affect their function and contribute to alcohol‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular injury.
Identification of a novel protein D3UPCA from Halobacterium salinarum and prediction of its function
Authors: Lee Moon‐Sup , Joo Won‐A , Kim Chan‐Wha 
Published: September 2004

AbstractHalobacterium salinarum is an extremely halophilic archaea, which is able to live in highly saline environments. In a recent study, several halophilic archaea were found to have the ability to biodegrade organic hydrocarbon pollutants, but protein information regarding hydrocarbon degradation and tolerance in halophilic archaea has been relatively rare. In this study, the protein expression profile of H. salinarum cultured under different diesel concentrations (0, 2 and 4%) was investigated by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteins which increased their expression levels in diesel media were identified using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight and electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Among these, a protein spot (named D3UPCA) which was up‐regulated about nine‐fold and found to have COG3388, an uncharacterized protein conserved in archaea, was selected in order to further characterize its functions. The D3UPCA coding gene (named d3upca) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified by the glutathione‐S‐transferase‐fusion method. The function of the protein was estimated using various bioinformatics tools and was predicted to be related to the regulation of transcription and/or translation of genes needed to tolerate stresses associated within the presence of diesel oil.
Synthesis and characterization of well‐defined poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐styrene)‐graft‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) by sequential controlled polymerization
Authors: Xu Xuewei , Huang Junlian 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA new graft copolymer, poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐styrene) ‐graft‐poly(ϵ‐caprolactone), was prepared by combination of reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) with coordination‐insertion ring‐opening polymerization (ROP). The copolymerization of styrene (St) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was carried out at 60 °C in the presence of 2‐phenylprop‐2‐yl dithiobenzoate (PPDTB) using AIBN as initiator. The molecular weight of poly (2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐styrene) [poly(HEMA‐co‐St)] increased with the monomer conversion, and the molecular weight distribution was in the range of 1.09 ∼ 1.39. The ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ϵ‐caprolactone was then initiated by the hydroxyl groups of the poly(HEMA‐co‐St) precursors in the presence of stannous octoate (Sn(Oct)2). GPC and 1H‐NMR data demonstrated the polymerization courses are under control, and nearly all hydroxyl groups took part in the initiation. The efficiency of grafting was very high. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5523–5529, 2004
Hyperbranched‐polyethyleneiminated functional polymers. III. Synthesizing thiophosphate‐containing pseudodendritic poly‐ethyleneiminated polyoxypropylenediamine and its behavior at an oil/metal interface under extreme pressure
Authors: Kuo Ping‐Lin , Ni Sheng‐Chung 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA simple synthetic route for preparing a thiophosphate‐containing pseudodendritic polyethyleneiminated polyoxypropylenediamine, D400(EI)xP, is presented. The number of ethyleneimine group (EI) in D400(EI)xP was determined by 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR to be 4.3 for D400(EI)4P and 8.9 for D400(EI)8P, and the extent of branch was quantitatively determined using potentiometric titration. The numbers of thiophosphate groups per thiophosphate‐containing pseudodendritic polymers molecule for D400(EI)0P, D400(EI)4P, and D400(EI)8P were calculated by elemental analyses of sulfur content. The AW performance of these synthesized thiophosphate‐containing pseudodendritic polymers was examined by measuring the temperature of oil, and the frictional coefficient and electrical contact resistance between the two metal surfaces. More thiophosphate groups on either side of D400(EI)8P are found to increase the electrical contact resistance due to the chemical adsorption of thiophosphate groups onto metal surfaces, forming a thick layer and reducing operating time required to form the adsorption layer. Interestingly, the adsorption layers markedly reduce the frictional coefficient (∼ 0.012) and limit the increase in oil temperature (∼ 90 °C) throughout the entire period of AW test, reducing weight loss of the metal (0.1 mg). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5504–5513, 2004
Effect of solvent quality on kinetics of tethered layer formation
Authors: Huang Heqing , Fulchiero Erin C. , Penn Lynn S. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe conducted a study of the effect of solvent quality on the kinetics of formation of a layer of polymer chains tethered to a solid substrate. In these experiments, tethering was accomplished by means of chemical bond formation between reactive sites on the surface and the end‐functional groups of the polymer chains in solution. All experimental variables were held constant except for the χ‐parameter between the polymer and solvent. Variation in the χ‐parameter was achieved by use of a series of nonpolar, organic solvents. The distinct three‐regime kinetics, typical of tethering reactions run in a good solvent and in the absence of segmental adsorption, was observed over the range of values for the χ‐parameter. As expected, an increase in the χ‐parameter (a decrease in solvent quality) did result in increased tethering density, but, contrary to expectation, no increase in tethering rate was observed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5530–5537, 2004
N. Charton, A. Feldermann, A. Theis, M. H. Stenzel, T. P. Davis, C. Barner‐Kowollik, Initiator efficiency of 2,2′‐azobis(isobutyronitrile) in bulk dodecyl acrylate free‐radical polymerizations over a wide conversion and molecular weight range (2004) 42(20) 5170–5179
Authors: Charton Nathalie , Feldermann Achim , Theis Alexander , Stenzel Martina H. , Davis Thomas P. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem (2004) 42(20) 5170–5179.No abstract.
Polyaniline/poly(methyl methacrylate) coaxial fibers: The fabrication and effects of the solution properties on the morphology of electrospun core fibers
Authors: Dong Hong , Nyame Verrad , MacDiarmid Alan G. , Jones Wayne E. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractElectrically conductive polyaniline (PANi)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) coaxial fibers were prepared through the chemical deposition of PANi onto preformed PMMA fibers via in situ polymerization. PMMA fibers were prepared as core materials via electrospinning. Spectral studies and scanning electron microscopy observations indicated the formation of PANi/PMMA coaxial fibers with a diameter of approximately 290 nm and a PANi layer thickness of approximately 30 nm. The conductivity of the PANi/PMMA coaxial fibers was significantly higher than that of electrospun fibers of PANi/poly(ethylene oxide) blends and blend cast films of the same PANi composition. To reproducibly generate uniform‐core polymer fibers, the organic solution properties that affected the morphology and diameter of the electrospun fibers were investigated. The polymer molecular weight, solution concentration, solvent dielectric constant, and addition of soluble organic salts were strongly correlated to the morphology of the electrospun fiber mat. In particular, the dielectric constants of the solvents substantially influenced both the fiber diameter and bead formation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 3934–3942, 2004
Order in amorphous di‐n‐alkyl itaconate polymers, copolymers, and blends
Authors: Arrighi V. , Holmes P. F. , McEwen I. J. , Qian H. , Terrill N. J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe presence of a main‐chain correlation distance (dII) in the poly(di‐n‐alkyl itaconate)s was confirmed with small‐angle X‐ray scattering/wide‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements taken over the temperature range of 293–478 K. Data for a series of alkyl acrylate polymers were also obtained for comparison. The intensity of the itaconate dII peak was significant and indicated a greater level of nanophase formation than in analogous systems. In the lower members of the series, nanophase formation appeared to be further enhanced in the temperature range above the glass‐transition temperature (Tg). This was ascribed to the rapidly increasing main‐chain mobility in this region. Macroscopically phase‐separated itaconate blends displayed the individual dII nanospacings of each homopolymer component. Copolymers, on the other hand, showed more interesting behavior. Poly(methyl‐co‐di‐n‐butyl itaconate) followed an average behavior in which the dII spacing and Tg changed progressively with the comonomer content. In contrast, the side‐chain pairing in poly(methyl‐co‐di‐n‐octyl itaconate) generated dII spacings characteristic of separate methyl and octyl nanodomains. The observation of the dioctyl nanodomains, along with the dioctyl side‐chain lower Tg relaxation event, confirmed the concept of independent side‐chain‐domain relaxation in these polymers. The temperature behavior of the poly(methyl‐co‐di‐n‐octyl itaconate) small‐angle X‐ray scattering profiles and scattering correlation lengths indicated that the two nanodomains were not completely structurally independent. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 4000–4016, 2004
Crystalline transition of polyamide‐10,20 investigated by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Cui Xiaowen , Yan Deyue 
Published: September 2004

AbstractReal‐time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the crystalline transition of even–even polyamide‐10,20. During the crystalline transition, the intensity of the hydrogen bonds became weak, the twisting of the CCO and CN bonds improved, and the gauche conformation of the CH2 sequences increased, along with the strengthening of the vibration of the methylene units. The ordered stacking of methylene segments with the trans‐zigzag conformation gradually became disordered by the insertion of the gauche conformation upon heating. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 4017–4022, 2004