bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discotic Liquid Crystals of Transition Metal Complexes 33: Spontaneous Uniform Homeotropic Alignment and Unique Mesophase Transition Behavior of Bis[2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(3,4-dialkoxyphenoxy)phthalocyaninato]lutetium(III) Complexes
Authors: Hatsusaka Kazuaki , Kimura Mutsumi , Ohta Kazuchika 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Novel discotic liquid crystalline bis[2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(3,4-dialkoxyphenoxy)phthalocyaninato]lutetium(III) complexes, {[(CnO)2PhO]8Pc}2Lu (n = 12: 5a and n = 13: 5b), were synthesized. Their mesomorphic properties were investigated using polarization microscopy, DSC, and temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction techniques. These Lu complexes exhibited a very unique mesophase transition sequence of Colh → Cub1 → Cub2 → Coltet. In Coltet, a monodomain spontaneous homeotropic alignment could be achieved. Moreover, they showed two Cub phases, which is the first example of phthalocyanine-based discotic liquid crystals. The electrochemical property of 5a was also estimated by cyclic voltummetry.
Novel Synthesis of P-Chiral Hydroxymethylphosphine–Boranes through Lipase-Catalyzed Optical Resolution
Authors: Shioji Kosei , Kurauchi Yoshimitsu , Okuma Kentaro 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
A novel approach toward the lipase-catalyzed acylation of alkyl(1-hydroxymethyl)phosphine–boranes was achieved. Up to 99% of enantiomerically enriched phosphine–boranes was obtained by using lipase AK and CAL.
Syntheses of Flavones via the Iodine-Mediated Oxidative Cyclization of 1,3-Diphenylprop-2-en-1-ones
Authors: Miyake Hideyoshi , Takizawa Eizo , Sasaki Mitsuru 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
The syntheses of flavones from 1,3-diphenylporp-2-ene-1-ones are described. When 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-ones were heated with iodine in triethylene glycol, oxidative cyclization underwent to obtain flavones in good yields.
Modeling Intercategory and Generational Dynamics for A Growing Information Technology Industry
Authors: Kim Namwoon , Chang Dae Ryun , Shocker Allan D. 
Published: April 2003

Previous studies dealing with product growth have dealt only with substitution effects among successive generations of one product category and not with complementarity and competition provided by related product categories. Based on a broadened concept of the competitive information technology (IT) market, we develop a dynamic market growth model that is able to incorporate both interproduct category and technological substitution effects simultaneously. The market potential for each category or generation is treated as a variable rather than a constant parameter, which is typical of recently growing IT sectors such as wireless telecommunications. The model is calibrated, its plausibility discussed, and its face and predictive validity assessed using data on wireless telecommunications services from two Asian markets. Results show that the market potential (and sales growth) of one category or generation is significantly affected by others and by the overall structure of a geographic market. The model is shown to make relatively good predictions even when the data from recently introduced categories/generations are limited.
High Multiplicity in Earliness-Tardiness Scheduling
Authors: Clifford John J. , Posner Marc E. 
Published: April 2003

When a production shop has a large number of identical parts, the parts are often recorded by a part description and quantity. This differs from the type of description used by standard scheduling problems, which assume that all parts or jobs are unique. In high-multiplicity scheduling problems, identical jobs are encoded in an efficient format similar to that of the production shop. The input describes one of the jobs and the number of such identical jobs. We consider single-machine, high-multiplicity problems with earliness and tardiness weights. We investigate three categories of weights: unit, common, and job-specific. For the unit and common weights problems, a polynomial time algorithm is developed. The algorithm takes advantage of identical jobs and finds solutions faster than by standard methods. We provide a new method for creating a lower bound for the standard encoding of the job-specific weights problem, which is NP-complete. We disaggregate each job into identical sub jobs with unit processing times. Then, using high-multiplicity encoding for this disaggregated problem, we create a lower bound on the optimal objective function value of the original problem in polynomial time. Heuristic solutions are generated using a randomized rounding technique on the lower bound solution. These results are used in a branch-and-bound solution method. Analytical and computational results are presented. Our combination of disaggregation and high-multiplicity encoding provides a new method for creating lower bounds on the objective functions of NP-complete problems.
Predefined‐time adaptive backstepping control for a class of nonlinear dynamical systems with parametric uncertainties
Authors: Singh Vijay Kumar , Kamal Shyam , Ghosh Sandip 
Published: January 2024

SummaryIn this article, we address the problem of achieving predefined‐time control for a class of nonlinear dynamical systems with parameter uncertainties. We introduce an adaptive predefined‐time control algorithm based on integrator backstepping for th order nonlinear systems. Using Lyapunov's stability theory, we establish that the proposed predefined time control approach, combined with an adaptive law, ensures the boundedness of all signals within the closed‐loop system. A notable advantage of our method is its potential to achieve convergence within a predetermined time frame. To validate our approach's efficacy, we present a practical example involving a 2 DOF helicopter, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
RobustH2nonlinear fuzzy decentralized control design for a VSC‐HVDC link
Authors: Ngo Hoang‐Trung , Kamal Elkhatib , Marinescu Bogdan , Xavier Florent 
Published: January 2024

SummaryA Robust Nonlinear Fuzzy Decentralized Controller ( RNFDC) is proposed to improve the overall robustness and tracking ability of a VSC‐HVDC link. The studied system is considered as composed by two overlapping nonlinear subsystems. The nonlinear interaction between the two subsystems is treated as a disturbance rejection problem by fuzzy control techniques. First, the Takagi Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model is adopted for fuzzy modeling of the uncertain nonlinear system. Next, new stability conditions for a generalized class of uncertain HVDC systems are derived from robust control techniques based on Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). The design method employs the so‐called Parallel Distributed Compensation (PDC) to obtain RNFDC gains based on LMIs.The efficiency and robustness of the proposed controllers are analytically proven and tested through validation simulations. The main contributions of this paper are: (i) resilience: in case of failure of one converter or loss of measures or controls, the control of the other converter is not affected; (ii) robustness is improved in order to provide good responses in case of network variations and HVDC line parameters changes; (iii) fuzzy techniques are adopted to handle nonlinearities and changes of operating conditions. The proposed RNFDC is compared with Fuzzy H Decentralized State Feedback Control ( NFDC) and Linear Decentralized Control ( LDC) in simulation to illustrate the control synthesis and its effectiveness.
Manipulation of Convection Using Infrared Light Emitted from Human Hands
Authors: Zhu Hanrui , Luo Zhen , Zhang Lifu , Shen Qingchen , Yang Runheng , Cheng Weizheng , Zhang Yingyue , Jiang Modi , Guo Chunzhi , Fu Benwei , Song Chengyi , Tao Peng , An Shun , Shang Wen , Deng Tao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractControl of convection plays an important role in heat transfer regulation, bio/chemical sensing, phase separation, etc. Current convection controlling systems generally depend on engineered energy sources to drive and manipulate the convection, which brings additional energy consumption into the system. Here the use of human hand as a natural and sustainable infrared (IR) radiation source for the manipulation of liquid convection is demonstrated. The fluid can sense the change of the relative position or the shape of the hand with the formation of different convection patterns. Besides the generation of static complex patterns, dynamic manipulation of convections can also be realized via moving of hand or finger. The use of such sustainable convections to control the movement of a floating “boat” is further achieved. The use of human hands as the natural energy sources provides a promising approach for the manipulation of liquid convection without the need of extra external energy, which may be further utilized for low‐cost and intelligent bio/chemical sensing and separation.
Reversible Radical Addition Guides Selective Photocatalytic Intermolecular Thiol‐Yne‐Ene Molecular Assembly
Authors: Shlapakov Nikita S. , Kobelev Andrey D. , Burykina Julia V. , Kostyukovich Alexander Yu. , König Burkhard , Ananikov Valentine P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn modern organic chemistry, harnessing the power of multicomponent radical reactions presents both significant challenges and extraordinary potential. This article delves into this scientific frontier by addressing the critical issue of controlling selectivity in such complex processes. We introduce a novel approach that revolves around the reversible addition of thiyl radicals to multiple bonds, reshaping the landscape of multicomponent radical reactions. The key to selectivity lies in the intricate interplay between reversibility and the energy landscapes governing C−C bond formation in thiol‐yne‐ene reactions. The developed approach not only allows to prioritize the thiol‐yne‐ene cascade, dominating over alternative reactions, but also extends the scope of coupling products obtained from alkenes and alkynes of various structures and electron density distributions, regardless of their relative polarity difference, opening doors to more versatile synthetic possibilities. In the present study, we provide a powerful tool for atom‐economical C−S and C−C bond formation, paving the way for the efficient synthesis of complex molecules. Carrying out our experimental and computational studies, we elucidated the fundamental mechanisms underlying radical cascades, a knowledge that can be broadly applied in the field of organic chemistry.
A comparative study on the spectra of normal outburst and mini‐outbursts of black hole X‐ray binary XTE J1550‐564
Authors: He Wei‐Long , Zhang Xue‐Kun , Yang Wei‐Jia , Dong Ai‐Jun , Ge Kang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOne normal outburst and three mini‐outbursts have been detected by Rossi X‐ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) satellite after 2000 in the well‐known black hole X‐ray binary XTE J1550‐564. In our work, we explored the energy spectral properties of the four outbursts and the three mini‐outbursts retained in the Low/Hard state. The results show that the X‐ray spectra of the three mini‐outbursts are harder than that of normal outburst and have no disk component. In the correlation analysis, the anti‐relationship of the three mini‐outbursts suggested that it may be a result of the incomplete evolutionary success of Shakura‐Sunyaev disk. The whole X‐ray spectral correlation evolution shows well the state transition from the Shakura‐Sunyaev disk to the advection‐dominated accretion flow. We think that the three mini‐outbursts may originated from a small discrete accretion event.
Wet‐chemical synthesis of two‐dimensional complex nanorings for near‐field focusing
Authors: Jung Insub , Lee Sungwoo , Lee Soohyun , Park Sungho 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPlasmonic nanorings are promising building blocks for a variety of applications, including optical and biological sensing, and energy because the open inner spaces of the nanorings exhibit a high surface‐to‐area ratio and possess unique optical properties that are different from solid nanostructures. However, the simple architecture of mono‐rim based structures leads to low electromagnetic near‐field confinement, which requires a more complex structure to facilitate effective interaction with light. Herein, we report on recent progress of synthetic strategies for fabricating plasmonic nanorings using both top‐down and bottom‐up approaches. First, we introduce the conventional methods for achieving classical ring architectures. Then, we discuss rationally designed synthesis methods for creating advanced and structurally unique nanostructures to increase near‐field enhancement. This process involves multi‐step chemical toolkits that enable control over the shape and the introduction of repeated units in a single entity. Then, we explore the potential applications of complex nanoring architectures.
Transient perivascular inflammation of the carotid artery—A transient but potentially recurrent disease
Authors: Peycheva Marieta , Zdravkova Tina , Zlatareva Dora , Viteva Ekaterina , Harizanova Zdravka , Meinel Thomas R. , Heldner Mirjam R. 
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical MessageTransient perivascular inflammation of the carotid artery (TIPIC syndrome) is a rare, unclassified vascular syndrome that usually affects the distal part of the common carotid artery and has a favorable prognosis. The disease is often misdiagnosed even by neurologists due to the moderate intensity of clinical symptoms and their transient character. We present a case of a 52‐year‐old man who experienced two episodes of transient neck pain and moderate local tenderness one and a half years apart. Different imaging modalities, such as ultrasound, CT angiography, and high‐resolution 3T MR, were applied to better visualize the perivascular inflammation of the common carotid arteries. Based on the clinical‐radiological characteristics of our case and applying the diagnostic criteria, we established the diagnosis of TIPIC syndrome. The patient was treated with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for few weeks, and reduction in perivascular changes was observed in both episodes. The case raises questions about the phases of the disease, its duration and the intervals between follow‐ups. Our article also increases the awareness of this rare clinical‐radiological entity and presents recent data from the literature.
Electrophilic Functionalization of a Hexaphosphabenzene Ligand in [(Cp*Mo)2(μ,η6 : 6‐P6)]
Authors: Widmann Maximilian , Riesinger Christoph , Szlosek Robert , Balázs Gábor , Scheer Manfred 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe electrophilic functionalization of the triple‐decker sandwich complex [{Cp*Mo}2(μ,η6:6‐P6)] (A) and its mono‐oxidized counterpart [{Cp*Mo}2(μ,η6:6‐P6)][SbF6] (B) with reactive main‐group electrophiles as well as radical scavengers is shown to be a reliable method for the selective functionalization of the hexaphosphabenzene ligand. Depending on the electrophile used, the regioselectivity of the functionalization can be adjusted. Using group 16 electrophiles, the trisubstituted compounds [{Cp*Mo}2{(μ,η3 : 3‐P3)(μ,η1 : 1 : 1 : 1‐1,3‐(SePh)2‐2‐Br‐P3)}][TEF] (1), [{Cp*Mo}2(μ,η3 : 3‐P3)(μ,η1 : 1 : 1 : 1‐1,2,3‐(EPh)3‐P3)][SbF6] (E=S (2), Se (3)) as well as the side product [{Cp*Mo}2(μ,η4:4‐P4)(μ,η1 : 1‐P(SPh)2)][SbF6] (4) are obtained. By switching to phosphenium ions as group 15 electrophiles, the ring‐inserted products [{Cp*Mo}2(μ,η3 : 3 : 2 : 2‐P7R2)][TEF] (R=Cy (5), iPr (6)) are isolated, showing an unprecedented P7R2 structural motif. Furthermore, the reaction with MeOTf yields the dimeric [{Cp*Mo}4(1,4‐Me2‐μ4,η1 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1‐P6)(μ,η3 : 3‐P3)2][TEF]2 (7) as the first example of a complex featuring two interconnected cyclo‐P6 middle deck ligands. Finally, by combination of the methylation step with Ph2Se2, the mixed group 14/16 complex [{Cp*Mo}2{(μ,η3 : 3‐P3)(μ,η1 : 1 : 1 : 11,2‐(SePh)2‐3‐Me‐P3)}][OTf] (8) is obtained.
A ProTide of AZT Shows Activity Against Human Papillomaviruses
Authors: Gniech Tim , Humboldt Adrian , Keith Kathy A. , James Scott H. , Richert Clemens 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInfection by human papillomaviruses (HPV) can cause warts and tumors. So far, no small molecule antiviral has been approved for the treatment of infections with this DNA virus, although preclinical studies show activity for nucleosidic compounds, such as 9‐(2‐phosphonylmethoxy)ethylguanine (PMEG) or cidofovir. This prompted us to test new prodrug versions of the nucleoside analog 3’‐azido‐2’,3’‐dideoxythymidine (AZT), known to be active against reverse transcriptases and approved for the treatment of HIV. Here we report the synthesis of an ethylbutyl alaninyl ester phosphosphoramidate prodrug of AZT, dubbed AZAEB, and its activity against HPV, a target not known to be sensitive to AZT. A methyl ester derivative was found to be inactive against this and three other DNA viruses, while the phosphoramidate prodrug AZAEB showed a modest inhibitory effect against HPV types 6, 11, 18 and 31. Our results open up new avenues of study for the treatment of diseases caused by members of the papillomaviridae family.
A portable frequency‐domain electromagnetic detection system
Authors: Peng Fengjiang , Zhao XueZhao , Zhang Song , Duan Haoran , Du Shibao , Zhao Qing , Guo Cheng 
Published: January 2024

SummaryFrequency‐domain detection stands as a critical method in remote geophysical exploration; however, its practical application is constrained by the considerable size of the requisite instrumentation. In this paper, we present a compact frequency domain electromagnetic detection system. The integration of intelligent power devices and a novel hardware architecture substantially diminishes the system's dimensions, thereby enhancing its portability. Furthermore, the system design incorporates sinusoidal pulse width modulation and digital phase‐locked amplification to ensure the efficacy of the proposed system. Both the transmitter and receiver system are constrained to dimensions smaller than 1.5 m. Subsequent experimental validation attests to the exemplary hardware performance of the proposed system, with the transmitting voltage of the transmitter circuit attaining 500 V, and the receiver circuit exhibiting a sensitivity as low as 10−8 V. Significantly, this design paradigm not only facilitates the integration of transmitter and receiver systems for frequency‐domain electromagnetic detection but also introduces novel prospects for the application of frequency‐domain electromagnetic detection methods across diverse fields.
A comparison of diagnostic utility of new endoscopic scraper combined cell block method and conventional brush catheter for biliary tract cancer
Authors: Kuniyoshi Noriyuki , Yamada Koji , Osawa Rota , Nomura Shuzo , Fujisawa Mariko , Saito Kei , Imazu Hiroo , Masuda Shinobu , Kogure Hirofumi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground/AimsThe sensitivities of endoscopic trans‐papillary pathologic diagnosis of biliary tract cancer (BTC) are unsatisfactory. Recently, the diagnostic utility of the endoscopic scraper device, Trefle for biliary stricture has been reported. The Trefle can be guided to the target biliary stricture over the guidewire and is as easy to use as the conventional brush catheter (CBC). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Trefle‐assisted tissue acquisition combined cell block method and CBC cytology for biliary strictures due to BTCs.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with biliary strictures in whom CBC cytology or Trefle‐assisted tissue acquisition under endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed for suspected BTCs from January 2015 to June 2022 at our institution.Results173 patients (CBC group; n = 55, Trefle group; n = 118) were enrolled in this study. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CBC cytology for BTC were 68.3%/100%/76.4%. On the other hand, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of Trefle‐assisted tissue acquisition for BTC were 93.7%/95.7%/94.1%, showing superior sensitivity (p < 0.001) and accuracy (p = 0.002) compared to that of CBC.ConclusionsCompared to CBC cytology, Trefle‐assisted tissue acquisition has superior diagnostic performance while maintaining procedural simplicity and is considered useful for diagnosing malignant biliary stricture.
Sensitivity to change in well‐being and health‐related quality of life in adults with eating disorder symptoms: ICECAP‐A versus EQ‐5D‐5L
Authors: van Kaam Fleur E. , Rohrbach Pieter J. , van den Akker‐Van Marle M. Elske , van Furth Eric F. , Dingemans Alexandra E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveEconomic evaluations of treatments help to inform decisions on allocating health care resources. These evaluations involve comparing costs and effectiveness in terms of quality of life. To calculate quality‐adjusted life years, generic health related quality of life is often used, but is criticized for not being sensitive to change in mental health populations. Another approach, using experienced well‐being measured through capabilities with the ICECAP‐A, has been proposed as an alternative. The aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in individuals with eating disorder (ED) symptoms can be better captured using health related quality of life (EQ‐5D‐5L) or well‐being (ICECAP‐A).MethodMeasurements at two time points with an interval of 1 year were used from a sample of 233 participants with self‐reported ED symptoms. An analysis of variance was used to test whether the EQ‐5D‐5L and ICECAP‐A differed in sensitivity to change over time. In order to compare the two questionnaires in terms of clinically significant outcome, the reliable change index and clinical cut‐off score were calculated.ResultsThe two questionnaires did not differ in sensitivity to change. More individuals had recovered but also more had deteriorated according to the EQ‐5D‐5L compared to the ICECAP.DiscussionThe present study revealed no differences in sensitivity to change in health‐related quality of life or well‐being in individuals with ED symptoms in the context of mild clinical change. Results corroborated the pervasiveness of low quality of life in this population, even after alleviation of ED symptoms.Public significance statementMeasuring treatment benefits in terms of improvements in quality of life is an integral part of economic evaluations in health care. It was expected that these treatment benefits would be better captured as changes in well‐being (measured with the ICECAP‐A) than as changes in health‐related quality of life (measured with the EQ‐5D‐5L) for individuals with ED symptoms. Based on the results of this study, no preference for one of the two approaches was found.