bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents
Authors: TAYLOR Peter J. , NENGOVHELA Aluwani , DENYS Christiane , SCOTT Graham R. , IVY Catherine M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMorphometric studies of 3D micro CT‐scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of rodents. From reviewed and new data, we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents, from morphometric data from micro‐CT X‐ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly related African murid (soft‐furred mice, Praomyini, laminate‐toothed rats, Otomyini, and gerbils, Gerbillinae) clades and one North American cricetid (deer mice and white‐footed mice, Peromyscus) clade. Recent studies demonstrated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea (enlarged in extremely arid‐adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae) and on endocranial volume (reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus). However, contrary to our predictions, we did not find evidence of convergence in brain structure to aridity, or in the olfactory/respiratory system (turbinate bones) to high elevation. Brain structure differed, particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs, between Otomyini and Gerbillinae, with extreme arid‐adapted species in each clade being highly divergent (not convergent) from other species in the same clade. We observed greater “packing” of the maxillary turbinate bones, which have important respiratory functions, in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high‐elevation African Praomyini, but more complex patterns within Peromyscus, probably related to trade‐offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high‐elevation adaptation.
Oral hygiene self‐care: Concept analysis for the development of a new nursing diagnosis
Authors: Souza Elaine de Oliveira , Pedreira Larissa Chaves , Silva Rudval Souza , Góes Roberta Pereira , Cavaleiro Alberto José Barata Gonçalves 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to analyze the concept of oral hygiene self‐care and develop a new problem‐focused nursing diagnosis (ND) based on the NANDA‐I terminology.MethodA concept analysis was performed based on the Walker and Avant framework, including a scoping review phase according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Searches were performed in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, and specific gray literature databases. The development of the diagnostic structure followed the NANDA‐I guidelines with a focus on Orem's self‐care theory.ResultsIncluding 51 studies, the analysis facilitated the formulation of attributes, antecedents, and consequences of oral hygiene self‐care. The ND “Oral hygiene self‐care deficit” was created and included 17 defining characteristics, 9 related factors, 5 associated conditions, and 5 high‐risk populations. Two cases were constructed to illustrate the use of key terms.ConclusionsThe conceptual analysis provided insight into the concept of oral hygiene self‐care and supported the structure of a new ND.Implications for nursing practice:This study contributes to the implementation of the nursing process by focusing on the identification of individuals with oral hygiene self‐care deficit. It will facilitate the promotion of oral health, thereby impacting the individual's quality of life. In addition, it will aid in the development of public policy for the prevention of oral diseases.
Influence of psychosocial characteristics of patients and opinions of their relatives on indication for surgical treatment of pectus excavatum
Authors: Kostic Marko , Sretenović Aleksandar , Radulović Danka , Milačić Vidaković Ivona , Savić Milan , Popović Marko , Bostanci Korkut , Stamenovic Davor 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the subjective experience of patients and their parents or relatives about the existing pectus excavatum deformity and to contribute to the definition of indications for surgical treatment of this deformity.MethodsThe initial sample of psychosocial characteristics consisted of self‐assessments and observations of patients (and parents) regarding their health, self‐image, health care, possible environmental response to their physical appearance, expectations regarding treatment. A modified version of the original Nuss questionnaire on quality of life was used in the psychological part of the examination.ResultsThe study included a sample of 58 patients aged 10 to 30 years, and a sample of 58 family members of the patient (parents, relatives). The experience of poor emotional status, withdrawals, and bad self‐image in patients older than 15 years than younger were significant. The tendency for female patients to have a worse experience is pronounced and significant. The largest percentage of parents have an ‘indecisive’ or ‘weakly expressed’ attitude towards surgery. Parents at a significantly higher rate show greater concern for female children.ConclusionA systematic evaluation of the psychosocial perception of patients and their relatives (who will consent for the operation) may be a useful diagnostic assessment before correcting an anterior chest wall malformation.
Inhibition of TRPM8 function by prostacyclin receptor agonists requires coupling to Gq/11 proteins
Authors: Trif Cosmin , Banica Alexandra‐Maria , Manolache Alexandra , Anghel Sorina Andreea , Huţanu Debora‐Elena , Stratulat Teodora , Badea Rodica , Oprita George , Selescu Tudor , Petrescu Stefana M. , Sisignano Marco , Offermanns Stefan , Babes Alexandru , Tunaru Sorin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe TRPM8 ion channel is involved in innocuous cold sensing and has a potent anti‐inflammatory action. Its activation by lower temperature or chemical agonists such as menthol and icilin induces analgesic effects, reversing hypersensitivity and reducing chronic pain. On the other hand, prostacyclin (PGI2) enhances pain and inflammation by activating the IP receptors. Due to the critical roles of TRPM8 and IP receptors in the regulation of inflammatory pain, and considering their overlapping expression pattern, we analysed the functional interaction between human TRPM8 and IP receptors.Experimental ApproachWe transiently expressed human TRPM8 channels and IP receptors in HEK293T cells and carried out intracellular calcium and cAMP measurements. Additionally, we cultured neurons from the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) of mice and determined the increase in intracellular calcium triggered by the TRPM8 agonist, icilin, in the presence of the IP receptor agonist cicaprost, the IP receptor antagonist Cay10441, and the Gq/11 inhibitor YM254890.Key ResultsActivation of IP receptors by selective agonists (cicaprost, beraprost, and iloprost) inhibited TRPM8 channel function, independently of the Gs‐cAMP pathway. The potent inhibition of TRPM8 channels by IP receptor agonists involved Gq/11 coupling. These effects were also observed in neurons isolated from murine DRGs.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results demonstrate an unusual signalling pathway of IP receptors by coupling to Gq/11 proteins to inhibit TRPM8 channel function. This pathway may contribute to a better understanding of the role of TRPM8 channels and IP receptors in regulating pain and inflammation.
Nationwide prospective registry database of patients with newly diagnosed untreated pleural mesothelioma in Japan
Authors: Hasegawa Seiki , Shintani Yasushi , Takuwa Teruhisa , Aoe Keisuke , Kato Katsuya , Fujimoto Nobukazu , Hida Yasuhiro , Morise Masahiro , Moriya Yasumitsu , Morohoshi Takao , Suzuki Hidemi , Chida Masayuki , Endo Shunsuke , Kadokura Mitsutaka , Okumura Meinoshin , Hattori Satoshi , Date Hiroshi , Yoshino Ichiro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDue to the scarcity of large‐sized prospective databases, the Japanese Joint Committee for Lung Cancer Registry conducted a nationwide prospective registry for newly diagnosed and untreated pleural mesothelioma. All new cases diagnosed pathologically as any subtype of pleural mesothelioma in Japan during the period between April 1, 2017, to March 31, 2019, were included before treatment. Data on survival were collected in April 2021. The eligible 346 patients (285 men [82.3%]; 61 women [17.7%]; median age, 71.0 years [range, 44–88]) were included for analysis. Among these patients, 138 (39.9%) underwent surgery, 164 (47.4%) underwent non‐surgical therapy, and the remaining 44 (12.7%) underwent best supportive care. The median overall survival for all 346 patients was 19.0 months. Survival rates at 1, 2, and 3 years for all patients were, 62.8%, 42.3%, and 26.5%, respectively. Median overall survival was significantly different among patients undergoing surgery, non‐surgical treatment, and best supportive care (32.2 months vs. 14.0 months vs. 3.8 months, p < 0.001). The median overall survival of patients undergoing pleurectomy/decortication and extrapleural pneumonectomy was 41.8 months and 25.0 months, respectively. Macroscopic complete resection resulted in longer overall survival than R2 resection and partial pleurectomy/exploratory thoracotomy (41.8 months vs. 32.2 months vs. 16.8 months, p < 0.001). Tumor shape, maximum tumor thickness, and sum of three level thickness were significant prognostic factors. The data in the prospective database would serve as a valuable reference for clinical practice and further studies for pleural mesothelioma.
IGF‐1 as screening tool for acromegaly and adult‐onset growth hormone deficiency in the Netherlands
Authors: Postma Mark R. , van Beek André P. , van der Klauw Melanie M. , Lentjes Eef G. W. M. , Muller Kobold Anneke C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveInsulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) measurements play a central role in the diagnosis and follow‐up of acromegaly and growth hormone deficiency. However, improving health care outcomes for these patients involves an intricate process of laboratory diagnostics and skilled health care professionals. The integrated effects of IGF‐1 reports on diagnosis and treatment decisions are yet unknown.Design, Patients and MeasurementsExtended quality assessment, distributing the description of five (real) patient cases with accompanying blood samples. Patients suspected or during follow up for acromegaly or adult onset of growth hormone deficiency were included. Laboratory specialists and endocrinologists in the same centre were asked to interpret their centre‐specific IGF‐1 results by using a laboratory and medical questionnaire. This way, insight could be obtained into the combined effects of different assays, assay harmonisation, reference value sets, and individual physician interpretation in relation to guidelines, thus reviewing the entire diagnostic and management process.ResultsLimited variation (CV 13.8 ± 2.8) was found in IGF‐1 concentrations despite different use of the harmonization sample and factor among laboratories. This interlaboratory variation increased upon conversion to SD scores (CV 15.7 ± 40.7) as a consequence of the use of different reference value sets. Furthermore, there was a lack of adherence to international guidelines among endocrinologists.ConclusionsHighly variable diagnostic and treatment outcomes in acromegaly and AGHD in the Netherlands can be attributed to increased variability of IGF‐1 upon conversion to SD scores and low adherence to clinical guidelines.
Quality of patch testing patient's own material in patients with suspected occupational skin diseases throughout Germany: Interim results of the German Social Accident Insurance (DGUV) research project FB 317b
Authors: Symanzik Cara , Dicke Katja , Weinert Patricia , Weisshaar Elke , Brans Richard , Skudlik Christoph , John Swen M. , Obermeyer Lara 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundDue to limited availability of commercial test preparations, patch testing patient's own material (POM) is of great importance to diagnose occupational allergic contact dermatitis.ObjectivesTo assess the quality of performance and documentation of patch testing with POM in patients with suspected occupational skin diseases (OSD) in Germany.MethodsRetrospective‐prospective analysis of protocols of patch tests with POM was conducted between 2013 and 2021 in patients with suspected OSD and submitted to statutory accident insurance institutions. Assessments were done by predefined criteria.ResultsThree thousand and four patch tests with POM from 460 patients were included. A full description of the POM was provided in 73.3% of all tests. The test concentration, test vehicle and pH value were documented in 74.3%, 70.5% and 42.2% of tests, for which the respective parameters were considered relevant. One hundred and sixty‐one positive reactions to POM were documented. In 72%, sufficient patch testing with commercial test substances was conducted to investigate the positive reaction. In 30.4%, consecutive patch testing of all ingredients of the POM was done.ConclusionsThe results not only show considerable shortcomings mainly in documentation but also to some extent performance of patch tests with POM in patients with suspected OSD in Germany.
Quantifying access to on‐demand alcohol in New Zealand
Authors: Crossin Rose , Norriss Dru , McKerchar Christina , Martin Gemma , Pocock Tessa , Curl Angela 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionOn‐demand delivery (<2 h from ordering) of alcohol is relatively new to New Zealand. We aimed to quantify the number of services available and the number of outlets available to purchase from within on‐demand services. We then tested whether access differed by neighbourhood demographics.MethodsWe identified six on‐demand alcohol services and quantified access to these in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch. Eighty‐one addresses were sampled according to three variables: (i) density of physical alcohol outlet tertile; (ii) socio‐economic deprivation tertile; and (iii) areas within the top 20th percentile of Māori within each city.ResultsThe median number of alcohol outlets to purchase from across all on‐demand delivery services was five, though this was higher in Christchurch. For all three cities combined, and for Wellington, the number of outlets available on‐demand was highest in areas with the highest density of physical outlets. However, the number of outlets available virtually was not associated with physical outlet density in Auckland or Christchurch. There were no significant differences in access observed for neighbourhood socio‐economic deprivation.Discussion and ConclusionsOn‐demand delivery services are changing local alcohol environments, and may be increasing overall access to alcohol at a neighbourhood level. On‐demand access patterns do not consistently reflect the physical alcohol environment. The current legislative and policy environment in New Zealand pre‐dates the emergence of on‐demand alcohol services. Local councils need to consider ‘virtual’ access as well as physical access when developing Local Alcohol Policies.
Safety and efficacy of eltrombopag in patients with post‐CAR T cytopenias
Authors: Wesson William , Ahmed Nausheen , Rashid Aliya , Tabak Carine , Logan Emerson , Marchena‐Burgos Jose , Nelson Maggie , Davis James A. , McGann Mary , Shune Leyla , Hoffmann Marc , Abdallah Al‐Ola , Hashmi Hamza 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment outcomes of relapsed/refractory hematological malignancies, this therapy is associated with post‐treatment cytopenias, which can pose a challenge to its safe administration. This study describes the management of post‐CAR T cytopenias using the thrombopoietin mimetic eltrombopag.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included adult patients with lymphoma or myeloma who received CAR T‐cell therapy at two academic medical centers. Eltrombopag was initiated for patients who had persistent high‐grade leukopenia and/or thrombocytopenia beyond 21 days post‐CAR T infusion. Risk factors and outcomes were assessed and compared for patients who did or did not receive eltrombopag.ResultsAmong the 185 patients analyzed, a majority (88%) experienced thrombocytopenia or leukopenia at day +30 post‐CAR T infusion. A total of 42 patients met the criteria for eltrombopag treatment and initiated therapy. Patients who received eltrombopag were more likely to have pre‐existing cytopenias at lymphodepletion, receive bridging therapy, experience an infection, or require intensive care. Recovery from cytopenias occurred within 180 days for a majority (94%) of patients.ConclusionsThe use of eltrombopag for post‐CAR T leukopenia and thrombocytopenia was considered safe without any significant toxicities. The use of eltrombopag for post‐CAR T cytopenias might be effective in a high‐risk patient population but requires further study.
Impaired reversal learning in the Dlg2+/− rat model of genetic risk for psychiatric disorder: Important questions regarding the neuro‐behavioral mechanisms of reversal learning
Authors: Bast Tobias , Grasmeder Allen Rachel , Maggi Silvia , Renstrom Jacco 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this issue, Griesius et al report that heterozygous Dlg2+/‐ rats showed a reversal learning impairment on a specific bowl‐digging task, whereas other reversal tasks were unaffected. The study suggests that Dlg2 gene disruption, which has been linked to neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, may cause relatively specific impairments in reversal learning, an important aspect of cognitive flexibility. The study draws attention to two important issues regarding the neuro‐behavioral mechanisms of reversal learning, namely that hippocampal dysfunction, which is prominent in Dlg2+/‐ rats, may contribute to reversal learning impairments and that, depending on the task and previous experience, brain and behavioral mechanisms of reversal learning may differ.
Morphological and ultrastructural changes in fungal agents after LASER application
Authors: Fernandes Fernanda A. V. , Arruda Denise C. , Santana Gilglécia N. P. , Longo Larissa V. G. , Cesar Maria C. M. , da Matta Daniel A. , Borba Orion S. M. , Monteiro Ruan C. , de Moura Bello Marina , de Moura Luís H. B. , Neto Domingos J. , Yarak Samira , de Camargo Zoilo P. , Gompertz Olga F. , Ogawa Marília M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundOnychomycosis is a fungal nail infection of difficult treatment due to the fungal survival capacity and reduced number of effective therapies. The present study aimed to isolate fungal agents that cause onychomycosis in immunocompetent patients and evaluate how LASER treatments affect the growth and ultrastructure of isolates.MethodsIn total, 21 patients with positive direct microscopic examination (DME) for onychomycosis had nail samples collected for cultivation and phenotypic identification of microorganisms. From these patients, 12 underwent LASER treatment, divided in Group 1 (n = 5) treated with Nd: YAG 1,064 nm, and Group 2 (n = 7) treated with Nd: YAG 1,064 nm + Er: YAG 2,940 nm + topical isoconazole. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was performed to evaluate ultrastructural changes after treatment.ResultsDME, cultivation, and phenotypic identification showed that the most identified fungus was Trichophyton rubrum spp. After LASER therapy, sample cultivation showed alterations in the fungal morphology with reduction of hyphae, conidia, and reproductive structures. Alterations in fungal cell wall structure, cytoplasm density, and organelles were observed by TEM.ConclusionLASER irradiation causes changes in the fungal cells, especially in the number of hyphae and the presence of conidia. In addition, it affects fungal growth and reproduction capacity, which interferes with their infection ability and virulence.
A Highly Adaptive Testing Design for PISA
Authors: Frey Andreas , König Christoph , Fink Aron 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe highly adaptive testing (HAT) design is introduced as an alternative test design for the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). The principle of HAT is to be as adaptive as possible when selecting items while accounting for PISA's nonstatistical constraints and addressing issues concerning PISA such as item position effects. HAT combines established methods from the field of computerized adaptive testing. It is implemented in R and code is provided. HAT was compared to the PISA 2018 multistage design (MST) in a simulation study based on a factorial design with the independent variables response probability (RP; .50, .62), item pool optimality (PISA 2018, optimal), and ability level (low, medium, high). PISA‐specific conditions regarding sample size, missing responses, and nonstatistical constraints were implemented. HAT clearly outperformed MST regarding test information, RMSE, and constraint management across ability groups but it showed slightly weaker item exposure. Raising RP to .62 did not decrease test information much and is therefore a viable option to foster students’ test‐taking experience with HAT. Test information for HAT was up to three times higher than for MST when using a hypothetical optimal item pool. Summarizing, HAT proved to be a promising and applicable test design for PISA.
Thinking strategies used by registered nurses during drug administration in nursing homes—An observational study
Authors: Solberg Hege , Devik Siri Andreassen , Bell Hege Therese , Olsen Rose Mari 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo explore registered nurses' thinking strategies during the drug administration process in nursing homes.DesignAn exploratory qualitative design.MethodsEight registered nurses, one male and seven female, in five nursing home wards in Mid‐Norway were observed during 15 drug dispensing rounds (175 drug dispensing episodes). Think Aloud sessions with follow‐up individual interviews were conducted. The Think Aloud data were analysed using deductive qualitative content analysis based on Marsha Fonteyn's description of 17 thinking strategies. Interview data were used to clarify missing information and validate the content of Think Aloud data.ResultsThe registered nurses used all 17 thinking strategies described by Fonteyn, including several variants of each strategy. The three most frequent were ‘providing explanations’, ‘setting priorities’ and ‘drawing conclusions’. In addition, we found two novel thinking strategies that did not fit into Fonteyn's template, which were labelled ‘controlling’ and ‘interacting’. Among all strategies, ‘controlling’ was by far the most used, serving as a means for the registered nurses to stay on track and navigate through various interruptions, while also minimising errors during drug dispensing.ConclusionThe study highlights the diverse thinking strategies employed by registered nurses in nursing homes during medication administration. The findings emphasise the multifaceted nature of medication administration and underscore the importance of skilled personnel in ensuring medication safety. Recognising the significance of these findings is crucial for maintaining patient well‐being and upholding medication safety standards in healthcare settings.Relevance to Clinical PracticeUnderstanding the thinking strategies employed by registered nurses can inform training programmes and enhance the clinical judgements of health care professionals involved in medication administration, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and reduced medication errors in practice.Patient or Public ContributionPatients were involved in this study as recipients of drugs which the nurses distributed during the observations. The patients were involved as a third party and consent to the observations was either given by the patients themselves or relatives in cases where the patient was not competent to consent. No personal information was collected about the patients.Reporting MethodThe reporting of this study adhered to the COREQ checklist.