bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transvaginal color Doppler study of middle cerebral artery blood flow in early normal and abnormal pregnancy
Authors: Kurjak A. , Predanic M. , Kupesic‐Urek S. , Funduk‐Kurjak B. , Demarin V. , Salihagic A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTransvaginal color and pulsed Doppler sonography was performed on 106 singleton pregnant women; 75 had clinically normal pregnancies, and the remaining 31 patients had complicated pregnancies with vaginal bleeding. The gestational ages ranged from the 7th to 18th menstrual weeks. The aim of the study was to establish the earliest gestational age at which intracranial blood flow could be detected, in particular in the middle cerebral artery. The intracranial circulation becomes visible at the 8th week of gestation (7 weeks and 3 days). The end‐diastolic component of blood flow is inconstantly present from the 11th to the 13th gestational week, and is always detected thereafter. A significant decrease in the pulsatility index (p < 0.05) and peripheral flow impedance index (p < 0.001) was observed during the early weeks of pregnancy in both the normal and complicated pregnancies. There was no significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). Results suggest that Doppler studies of middle cerebral arteries in early pregnancy are unlikely to be of value in identifying fetal hemodynamic disorders in the early stages of spontaneous abortion. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Preoperative ultrasonic assessment of women undergoing gamete intrafallopian transfer: a prospective study of 350 cases
Authors: Guirgis R. R. , Alshawaf T. , Craft I. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA total of 350 women due to undergo gamete intrafallopian transfer were scanned vaginally on the operation day and the findings were compared with those recorded 2 days previously when human chorionic gonadotropin was administered. The aim was to assess the clinical value of ultrasound assessment on the operation day, especially from a prognostic point of view. Seven women (2%) were found to have already ovulated and evidence of imminent ovulation was detected in another 27 cases (7.7%). There were more frequent and more marked increases in the number of follicles with a diameter of > 14 mm, in the diameter of the leading follicle and in the endometrial thickness in the women who subsequently conceived. The endometrial reflectivity was brighter than the myometrium (grade A) in 77.3% of the women who conceived, compared with only 37.5% of those who did not conceive. These differences were statistically significant. It was concluded that follicular and endometrial changes recorded on the day of gamete intrafallopian transfer may have a prognostic value, as the pregnancy rate was higher in women who had the favorable ultrasonographic features outlined in the study. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Transvaginal sonography of the uterine cavity with hysteroscopic correlation in the investigation of infertility
Authors: Narayan R. , Goswamy R. K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis report describes the correlation of hysteroscopic findings with preoperative transvaginal sonography in 200 patients being investigated for infertility. Real‐time ultrasound examination was performed on days 7, 14 and 21 in spontaneous ovulatory cycles. Diagnostic hysteroscopy was performed in the subsequent cycle. The abnormalities detected using transvaginal sonography were intrauterine adhesions, submucous fibroids, endometrial polyps, endometritis and a non‐specific irregular endometrium. A total of 182 patients were diagnosed correctly to have an abnormality by transvaginal sonography giving a false‐positive rate of 5.5%. The sensitivity of transvaginal sonography in detecting endometrial pathology was 98.9% with a positive predictive value of 94.3%. The positive predictive values for specific abnormalities were 98.5% for intrauterine adhesions, 91.7% for submucous fibroids, 91.4% for endometrial polyps, 85.7% for endometritis and 85.7% for irregular endometrium. These data show a strong correlation between findings from transvaginal sonography and hysteroscopy. Transvaginal sonography may be used to detect intrauterine pathology and identify patients in whom hysteroscopy and hysteroscopic surgery are indicated. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Intraobserver reliability of amniotic fluid volume estimation by two techniques: amniotic fluid index vs. maximum vertical pocket
Authors: Williams K. , Wittmann B. , Dansereau J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe evaluated the intraobserver agreement of two techniques of amniotic fluid assessment: amniotic fluid index and maximum vertical pocket. The intraobserver variation of the two forms of amniotic fluid assessment was obtained by evaluating amniotic fluid prior to fetal biometry (post‐biometry value) and after fetal biometry (pre‐biometry value). Between January and June 1990, this amniotic fluid assessment was by the maximum vertical pocket technique, and between July and December 1990, by the amniotic fluid index technique.In the Grace Maternity Hospital, Vancouver, 352 subjects were evaluated by the maximum vertical pocket technique, and 184 subjects by the amniotic fluid index technique.Amniotic fluid volumes were categorized into normal, oligohydramnios, and polyhydramnios, and the pre‐biometry and post‐biometry categories of amniotic fluid index and maximum vertical pocket techniques were compared by kappa statistics. The maximum vertical pocket technique showed poor intraobserver agreement (κ = 0.33), but the amniotic fluid index technique showed good agreement (κ = 0.72). With the poor reproducibility of the maximum vertical pocket technique in assessing extremes of amniotic fluid volume, it is difficult to support its use as a component of fetal assessment. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Transverse cerebellar diameter in small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses: pregnancy dating is possible only when growth retardation is secondary to uteroplacental insufficiency
Authors: Capponi A. , Rizzo G. , Pietropolli A. , Rinaldo D. , Arduini D. , Romanini C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to establish whether measurement of the transverse cerebellar diameter to determine gestational age differs in small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses with normal or abnormal Doppler velocity waveforms. Our secondary objective was to compare the efficacy of measurement of transverse cerebellar diameter with that of femur length in pregnancy dating among small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses. A total of 107 small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses with established dates and free from structural and chromosomal abnormalities were considered for this study. According to the Doppler results, fetuses were divided into two groups: group A (n = 64), with normal Doppler values as expressed by a ratio of pulsatility indices between the umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery of ≤ 95th centile of our reference limits for gestation; and group B (n = 43), with ratio of > 95th centile. Measurements of transverse cerebellar diameter and femur length were compared to previously established 95th centile prediction intervals.In both groups of small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses, the values for transverse cerebellar diameter were lower than in normally grown fetuses after normalization for gestational age. The difference was more evident in group A (p ≤ 0.001) than in group B (p ≤ 0.05). Only 68.7% of transverse cerebellar diameter values of group A fetuses fell within the normal limits for gestation, while this occurred in 90.6% of group B fetuses.When compared to the femur length, the transverse cerebellar diameter measurement appeared to be better for predicting gestational age in both groups of small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses (p ≤ 0.001). However, this measurement may be used to estimate gestational age only in small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses with abnormal Doppler findings. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Transvaginal ultrasound‐guided ovarian endoscopy: a novel approach to the assessment of ovarian tumors
Authors: Granberg S. , Wikland M. , Bourne T. H. , Hamberger L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe investigation of ovulatory dysfunction and the characterization of ovarian cystic tumors remain two major problems in gynecology. One of our limitations is the resolution of imaging techniques currently available. We describe the use of a fiberoptic endoscope to inspect the internal appearance of five different ovarian cystic lesions under the guidance of transvaginal ultrasound. The images obtained allow the operator to visualize structures of less than 1.0 mm in diameter, and so introduce the possibility of identifying both the cumulus oophorus in younger women, and very small papillary projections within potentially malignant ovarian cysts. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
In utero detection of ventriculomegaly during the second and third trimesters by transvaginal sonography
Authors: Monteagudo A. , Timor‐Tritsch I. E. , Moomjy M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was two‐fold. The first was to extend the previously developed and published nomograms of the fetal lateral ventricles from 18 weeks back to 14 weeks of gestation using transvaginal sonography, and, second, to test the performance of the nomograms by plotting the measurements of 36 fetuses whose transabdominal and/or qualitative transvaginal scans were suspicious for ventriculomegaly. In all the cases in which postnatal confirmation of the diagnosis was possible, prenatal ultrasound correctly identified the lesion. Although a total of nine nomograms was created, the clinically meaningful measurements were: the height of the occipital horn on the parasagittal plane, and the two ratios derived from the measurements performed on the parasagittal plane. In conclusion, the transvaginally generated nomograms were useful for the correct identification of fetuses with ventriculomegaly. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Teratogen exposure: lack of morphological abnormalities by detailed fetal sonography
Authors: Levine D. , Filly R. A. , Goldberg J. D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTeratogen exposures cause 1–2% of congenital abnormalities. Our anecdotal experience was that detailed fetal sonograms conducted for the indication of teratogen exposure failed to demonstrate significant morphological abnormalities. We reviewed our experience to see how often such examinations yielded positive results. Records from 11 September 1989 to 13 September 1993 were reviewed. All women referred for detailed fetal sonography for the sole indication of exposure to drugs, toxins, or infectious agents and with a sonographic age of 16–24 menstrual weeks were included. All exposures were included in the study, even those without known teratogenic potential. Patients previously diagnosed with a morphological abnormality or with an abnormal level of maternal serum α‐fetoprotein were excluded.A total of 125 women with 126 singleton pregnancies comprised the study population. Ten women had multiple exposures. Including the multiple exposures, there was a total of 138 exposures, 104 to drugs and other toxins (45 of which were not known human teratogens), and 34 to infections.The only significant morphological abnormality found was a duplicated kidney in a woman with parvovirus exposure. While parvovirus is a cause of anemia and hydrops, it is not a known human teratogen. We therefore assume that this was a coincidental association. We conclude that teratogen exposure is a low‐yield indication for detailed fetal sonography. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Volume scanning in the evaluation of fetal malformations: a new dimension in prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Merz E. , Bahlmann F. , Weber G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThree‐dimensional ultrasound examination was performed in 204 patients with a fetal malformation detected by conventional ultrasound. The patients were examined between 13 and 40 weeks of gestation. The ultrasound equipment used was a Combison 330 and a Combison 530 (Kretztechnik, Austria) with an abdominal Voluson sector transducer (3.5/5 MHz) (Kretztechnik, Austria). This ultrasound system can provide a high‐quality three‐dimensional surface or translucency image of fetal structures similar to that of a photograph or an X‐ray image within seconds without an additional expensive work‐station.Of the 204 patients examined with three‐dimensional ultrasound, this technique proved advantageous in demonstrating fetal defects in 62% (127/204). In 36% (73/204), the three‐dimensional technique gave the same information and in four fetuses with a cardiac malformation (2%), the three‐dimensional technique was disadvantageous, due to movement artefacts during data acquisition. The technical advantages and problems of this three‐dimensional technique are demonstrated. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Three‐dimensional ultrasound for the assessment of uterine anatomy and detection of congenital anomalies: a comparison with hysterosalpingography and two‐dimensional sonography
Authors: Jurkovic D. , Geipel A. , Gruboeck K. , Jauniaux E. , Natucci M. , Campbell S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the potential value of three‐dimensional ultrasound for the assessment of normal uterine anatomy and the diagnosis of congenital uterine anomalies. A total of 61 patients with a history of recurrent miscarriage or infertility and who had previously been investigated by hysterosalpingography were recruited into the study. They first underwent a conventional two‐dimensional transvaginal ultrasound scan. At the end of the examination, three‐dimensional ultrasound volumes were recorded and stored in the machine computer memory. The examination of planar reformatted sections was than used for the assessment of uterine morphology and the diagnosis of congenital anomalies. On three‐dimensional scanning, the most useful plane was a transverse section through the whole length of the uterus from the fundus to the cervix. Hysterosalpingography showed a normal uterus in 44 (72.1%) patients, an arcuate uterus in nine (14.8%) and a major fusion defect in three cases (4.9%). Five patients (8.2%) had large fibroids which were distorting the uterine cavity. Good‐quality two‐dimensional ultrasound images were obtained in 60 (98.3%) and three‐dimensional images in 58 (95.1%) cases. All poor images were caused by large uterine fibroids. Comparison between hysterosalpingography and ultrasound showed that five false‐positive diagnoses of arcuate uterus and three of major uterine anomalies were made on two‐dimensional scans. Three‐dimensional ultrasound agreed with hysterosalpingography in all cases of arcuate uterus and major congenital anomalies. The ability to visualize both the uterine cavity and the myometrium on a three‐dimensional scan facilitated the diagnosis of uterine anomalies and enabled easy differentiation between subseptate and bicornuate uteri. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Early uterine artery Doppler velocimetry and the outcome of pregnancy in women aged 35 years and older
Authors: van den Elzen H. J. , Cohen‐Overbeek T. E. , Grobbee D. E. , Quartero R. W. P. , Wladimiroff J. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of this paper was to determine whether first‐and second‐trimester uterine artery Doppler velocimetry are associated with pregnancy complications in women of advanced maternal age. A prospective cohort study of 352 women aged 35 years and older was studied. The pulsatility index (PI) values at 12–13 weeks of gestation were significantly associated with development of hypertensive disorders, a small‐for‐gestational‐age infant and gestational diabetes, with a relative risk exceeding 4, 2 and 8, respectively for women with PI values in the highest quartile (> 1.67) of the PI distribution when compared with the lowest quartile of the PI distribution (< 1.24). At 23–27 weeks' gestation, uterine artery PI values were found to be associated with preterm delivery with a gestational age‐adjusted risk of 10.6 for women with PI values in the highest quartile of PI (> 1.24) when compared with PI values in the lowest quartile of the PI distribution (< 1.09). No associations existed between uterine artery PI, antepartum hemorrhage and Cesarean section rate.The risk estimates for any of the outcome parameters were not affected by maternal age.Results indicate that hemodynamic changes detectable in the uterine artery as early as the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders, a small‐for‐gestational‐age infant and gestational diabetes. A similar association exists in the late second trimester of pregnancy, with an increased risk of preterm delivery. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal pelvic kidney: a challenge in prenatal diagnosis?
Authors: Meizner I. , Yitzhak M. , Levi A. , Barki Y. , Barnhard Y. , Glezerman M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to establish ultrasonographic guidelines for the prenatal diagnosis of fetal pelvic kidneys and assess the relationship to clinical outcome. The records of all ultrasonographic diagnoses of a fetal pelvic kidney between 1 January 1991 and 31 December 1993 were reviewed. After review of the sonographic evaluation, the prenatal records were obtained, to assess demographic data as well as the obstetric course and neonatal outcome. If a fetal pelvic kidney was suspected on prenatal ultrasound examination, its precise location and size were recorded and compared with neonatal sonograms.Twenty‐six cases of fetal ectopic kidney were diagnosed of which 13 were on the right side and 13 on the left (24/26 cases were diagnosed in the late second trimester). The size of the ectopic kidney did not differ from that of the normal kidney. Except for one case of hydronephrosis, there were no associated structural anomalies. All prenatal diagnoses were confirmed by postnatal sonograms and all neonates had normal renal function.Our conclusions are that prenatal sonographic detection of fetal pelvic kidney is feasible, although in most cases the diagnosis is made beyond 24 weeks' gestation. The importance of prenatal diagnosis is that the parents can be reassured that normal renal function is highly probable and that early neonatal intervention is usually unnecessary. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal pressure gradient estimations across the ductus venosus in early pregnancy using Doppler ultrasonography
Authors: van Splunder I. P. , Stijnen T. , Wladimiroff J. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDoppler ultrasonography was used to estimate the pressure gradient across the ductus venosus at 8–20 weeks of gestation. According to a cross‐sectional study design, flow velocity waveform recordings were obtained from the umbilical vein and ductus venosus in 147 uncomplicated singleton pregnancies. Pressure gradients were calculated using the Bernoulli equation.The pressure gradient was estimated at 0.1–1.9 mmHg during ventricular systole and at 0–0.5 mmHg during atria1 contraction. Time‐averaged pressure gradients ranged between 0.1 and 1.3 mmHg. No statistically significant correlation could be established between the absence or presence of umbilical venous pulsations and estimated pressure gradient.Crude estimates of the pressure gradient across the ductus venosus can be established in the late first and early second trimester of pregnancy. The large scatter of data suggests limited accuracy of venous pressure gradient calculation in early gestation. However, it may also indicate that, in early gestation, venous hemodynamics function at very low pressures. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Reversed end‐diastolic umbilical artery velocity in two cases of trisomy 18 at 10 weeks' gestation
Authors: Martinez Crespo J. M. , Comas C. , Borrell A. , Puerto B. , Antolin E. , Ojuel J. , Fortuny A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDoppler velocimetry of the umbilical artery was carried out during routine ultrasound examinations performed immediately before either chorionic villus sampling (n = 383) or genetic amniocentesis (n = 649) in 1032 women referred for prenatal diagnosis at our institution, between 10 and 18 weeks of gestation. Reversed end‐diastolic flow was detected in only two cases (0.19%), both of which were affected by trisomy 18. The diagnosis was made at 10 weeks' gestation and, to our knowledge, these are the earliest records of this pathological Doppler pattern. Although a possible relationship with early abnormal placentation remains to be established, the finding of reversed end‐diastolic velocities in the umbilical artery in the first trimester of pregnancy may be an early sign of karyotype abnormality. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Unusual appearances of echogenic foci within the fetal heart: are they benign?
Authors: Petrikovsky B. , Challenger M. , Gross B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNine fetuses with unusually appearing echogenic foci were selected from a series of 65 fetuses with intracardiac echogenie foci studied at the Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment Unit from January 1994 until February 1996. An echogenic focus or foci were defined as a structure or structures within the fetal heart with echogenicity similar to or greater than that of the surrounding bone. Unusually appearing foci were defined as lesions of unusual size, shape, structure or location. Three fetuses had unusually large echogenic, foci, and four had multiple foci in both ventricles. In one, fetus, two echogenic foci were very close to each other, creating an impression of a ‘double’ focus within the left ventricle. In another fetus, three echogenic foci were detected. Follow‐up protocol for fetuses with echogenic foci included comprehensive ultrasound, amniocentesis and fetal echocardiography. All studied fetuses had normal karyotype. A fetal echocardiogram failed to reveal congenital heart defects. The neonatal outcome was uneventful in seven out of nine cases; one patient decided to terminate her pregnancy for reasons unrelated to the ultrasound findings, and one delivered prematurely at 34 weeks of pregnancy. In conclusion, we failed to find any correlation between unusually appearing echogenic foci and adverse perinatal outcome. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology