bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient spleen enlargement in peripheral blood progenitor cell donors given G-CSF
Authors: Stroncek David F , Dittmar Kristin , Shawker Thomas , Heatherman Angela , Leitman Susan F 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) donors causes spleen length to increase, but the duration of enlargement is not known. Eighteen healthy subjects were given 10 μg/kg of G-CSF for 5 days and a PBSC concentrate was collected by apheresis. Ultrasound scans were used to assess craniocaudal spleen length before and after G-CSF administration. Mean spleen length increased from a baseline length of 10.7 ± 1.3 cm to 12.1 ± 1.2 cm on the apheresis day (p < 0.001). Ten days after apheresis, spleen length fell to 10.5 ± 1.2 cm and did not differ from baseline levels (p = 0.57), but in 3 subjects remained 0.5 cm greater than baseline length. Increases in spleen length in PBPC donors are transient and reversible.
Development and Preliminary Testing of a Patient Decision Aid to Assist Pharmaceutical Care in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Lalonde Lyne , O'Connor Annette M. , Drake Elizabeth , Duguay Pierrette , Lowensteyn Ilka , Grover Steven A. 
Published: July 2004

Study Objective. To develop and test a decision aid for patients with hypertension and/or dyslipidemia because a decision aid may assist in pharmaceutical care by providing relevant evidence‐based information.Design. Before and after use of a decision aid.Setting. Hypertension clinic of a university hospital and a specialized coronary heart disease‐prevention clinic.Patients. A convenience sample of 16 patients receiving pharmacologic treatment for hypertension and/or dyslipidemia.Intervention. A face‐to‐face interview was conducted before using the decision aid. This was followed by a telephone interview after the patient used the decision aid to assess the acceptability of the decision aid to the patient, as well as the patient's knowledge, risk perception, and decisional conflict.Measurements and Main Results. The decision aid consists of a booklet containing general, evidence‐based information and a personal worksheet. The worksheet provides information on patient risk factors, personal estimates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, the benefits of treatment options, and values clarification exercise. It invites patients to specify an action plan and follow their own progress over time. Most patients (86–93%) rated the presentation of the information as excellent or very good, 80% judged the information about lifestyle changes and drug therapy to be balanced, 93% rated the amount of information “just right,” and 100% found the decision aid useful. After using the decision aid, patients had higher knowledge scores for general risk factors (before, 91%; after, 100%, p=0.014), personal risk factors (73%, 92%, p=0.016), and treatment options (68%, 99%, p<0.001). More patients were able to estimate correctly their CVD risk category (50%, 93%, p=0.03) and their absolute 10‐year CVD risk (0%, 93%, p<0.001), whereas the overall decisional conflict score decreased (p=0.007).Conclusion. The decision aid was acceptable to patients and improved their knowledge, risk perception, and decisional conflict. Therefore, the feasibility and impact of using the decision aid in community pharmacies and medical clinics should be assessed.
1,3,6,8‐Tetraphenylpyrene Derivatives: Towards Fluorescent Liquid‐Crystalline Columns?
Authors: de Halleux V. , Calbert J.‐P. , Brocorens P. , Cornil J. , Declercq J.‐P. , Brédas J.‐L. , Geerts Y. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTetraphenylpyrene has been selected as a discotic core to promote liquid‐crystalline fluorescent columns in view of its high fluorescence quantum yield in solution and ease of substitution by flexible lateral side chains. The synthesis and characterization of ten new derivatives of pyrene have been carried out; the pyrene core has been substituted at the 1,3,6,8‐positions by phenylene rings bearing alkoxy, ester, thioether, or tris(alkoxy)benzoate groups on the para position; the compounds have been characterized by mass spectrometry and 1H NMR and UV‐vis spectroscopies. In order to generate liquid‐crystalline phases, the nature, number, and size of the side chains as well as the degree of polarity around the tetraphenylpyrene core have been varied. However, the desired liquid‐crystalline behavior has not been observed. The supramolecular order together with the absorption and emission properties in solution and the solid state are discussed and compared to theoretical predictions. Quantum‐chemical calculations rationalize the high solid‐state fluorescence of a tetraphenylpyrene derivative for which the crystal structure has been determined.
Oxygen diffusion modeling in diesel particulate filter regeneration
Authors: Haralampous O. A. , Koltsakis G. C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis study introduces a coupled reaction–diffusion model able to account for O2 diffusion in the wall flow honeycomb particulate filter. The diffusion model is incorporated on a previously published single‐channel model for the calculation of flow distribution, heat transfer, and soot oxidation reaction. A computational study is carried out aiming at evaluating the importance of O2 diffusion effects as the function of operating conditions similar to those encountered in the real world. During controlled regeneration conditions, the effect of oxygen diffusion is minor and observable only at high soot loadings. On the other hand, the role of oxygen diffusion is shown to be critical in uncontrolled regeneration conditions, which are important for filter thermal failure. Traditional models neglecting diffusion effects are shown to strongly underpredict the maximum temperatures during uncontrolled regeneration with moderate to high soot loadings. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2008–2019, 2004
Early blood–brain barrier disruption in human focal brain ischemia
Authors: Latour Lawrence L. , Kang Dong‐Wha , Ezzeddine Mustapha A. , Chalela Julio A. , Warach Steven 
Published: July 2004

AbstractLoss of integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) resulting from ischemia/reperfusion is believed to be a precursor to hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and poor outcome. We used a novel magnetic resonance imaging marker to characterize early BBB disruption in human focal brain ischemia and tested for associations with reperfusion, HT, and poor outcome (modified Rankin score >2). BBB disruption was found in 47 of 144 (33%) patients, having a median time from stroke onset to observation of 10.1 hours. Reperfusion was found to be the most powerful independent predictor of early BBB disruption (p = 0.018; odds ratio, 4.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.28–13.1). HT was observed in 22 patients; 16 (72.7%) of those also had early BBB disruption (p < 0.001; odds ratio, 8.11; 95% confidence interval, 2.85–23.1). In addition to baseline severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >6), early BBB disruption was found to be an independent predictor of HT. Because the timing of the disruption was early enough to make it relevant to acute thrombolytic therapy, early BBB disruption as defined by this imaging biomarker may be a promising target for adjunctive therapy to reduce the complications associated with thrombolytic therapy, broaden the therapeutic window, and improve clinical outcome. Ann Neurol 2004
Bioseparations
Authors: Lightfoot E.N. , Moscariello J.S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractHere we review key applications of separation technology in applied biology. We first sketch out the field as a whole, but then narrow our scope to the processing of fermentation products, particularly to high‐value biologicals such as proteins and nucleotides. We go on to provide a qualitative overview describing the importance and general nature of this large field, major trends, and the strategies that have proven most fruitful in evolving effective separation and purification processes. We then give a detailed description of individual separations equipment and the principles governing their operation. We concentrate throughout on making the available literature accessible to the reader; we provide what is hoped to be a representative set of basic references. However, these references, in turn, include some that suggest promising new developments as well as a number of more specialized reviews. We hope that our overall result provides the reader with access to the most relevant literature. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performance and characterization of a nanophased porous hydroxyapatite for protein chromatography
Authors: Jungbauer Alois , Hahn Rainer , Deinhofer Karin , Luo Ping 
Published: July 2004

AbstractNanophased porous hydroxyapatite beads with particle diameters of 25 μm and 30 μm intended for use in protein and biomolecule separation are characterized with respect to chromatographic characteristics. These particles were produced from a hydroxyapatite gel by a controlled spray process yielding microspheres containing hydroxyapatite nanocrystals. By calcification of the microspheres, nanophased porous hydroxyapatite beads were obtained. As a reference material, ceramic hydroxyapatite Types I and II with a particle diameter of 40 μm was chosen. SEM pictures show that the surface of the nanophased hydroxyapatite is very rough compared to ceramic hydroxyapatite Types I and Type II. The calcium‐to‐phosphorous ratio of this nanophased hydroxyapatite is 1.6, which is slightly below the theoretical ratio of 1.67 of pure hydroxyapatite. The porosity is greater than 60%. An IgG binding capacity of 60.7 mg/ml for Bio‐Rad Type I and 36.0 mg/ml for Type II, 42.0 mg/ml for the nanophased material with 25 μm and 19.7 mg/ml for the nanophased material with 30 μm were observed. The nanophased material with 30 μm had the lowest mass transfer resistancy as indicated by the dependency of the dynamic binding capacity on velocity. It is assumed that the mass transport properties are characterized by a low particle diffusion resistancy or by slight intraparticle convection. The material also showed high selectivity for IgG. When culture supernatant with 5% FCS containing 3 mg/ml was loaded, pure IgG could be eluted by linear gradient with increasing sodium phosphate concentration. This nanophased material comprises a novel stationary phase for IgG separation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrophobic interaction chromatography selectivity changes among three stable proteins: conformation does not play a major role
Authors: Tibbs Jones Tara , Fernandez Erik J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractInteresting retention and selectivity changes have been noted for a number of proteins in hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). In this study, we investigated the degree to which conformational changes may be responsible for selectivity changes of stable proteins. Hydrogen‐deuterium isotope exchange detected by mass spectrometry was used to investigate changes in solvent accessibility during adsorption on HIC media. Lysozyme was determined to exhibit EX2 hydrogen exchange kinetics both in solution and adsorbed to Butyl Sepharose 4 Fast Flow and Phenyl Sepharose 6 Fast Flow high sub surfaces. A small, but significant, increase in solvent accessibility was observed upon adsorption. Similar approaches were used to analyze solvent accessibility of three stable proteins with melting temperatures above 50°C exhibiting significant selectivity changes on Butyl Sepharose and Toyopearl Butyl 650M. While all three proteins (lysozyme, chymotrypsinogen A, and ovalbumin) exhibited enhanced exchange while adsorbed, no differences in solvent accessibility on the different adsorbents were observed. More detailed studies of lysozyme showed no significant changes in labeling prior or during elution. These results demonstrate that HIC surfaces examined here do not dramatically alter the structure of these stable proteins and that differences in conformation are not responsible for the selectivity changes observed. Thus, other factors such as different preferred binding orientations or variations between the media pore structure, size, and/or surface chemistry must be responsible. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and validation of an affinity chromatography step using a peptide ligand for cGMP production of factor VIII
Authors: Kelley Brian D. , Tannatt Molly , Magnusson Robert , Hagelberg Sigrid , Booth James 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAn affinity chromatography step was developed for purification of recombinant B‐Domain Deleted Factor VIII (BDDrFVIII) using a peptide ligand selected from a phage display library. The peptide library had variegated residues, contained both within a disulfide bond‐constrained ring and flanking the ring. The peptide ligand binds to BDDrFVIII with a dissociation constant of ∼1 μM both in free solution and when immobilized on a chromatographic resin. The peptide is chemically synthesized and the affinity resin is produced by coupling the peptide to an agarose matrix preactivated with N‐hydroxysuccinimide. Coupling conditions were optimized to give consistent and complete ligand incorporation and validated with a robustness study that tested various combinations of processing limits. The peptide affinity chromatographic operation employs conditions very similar to an immunoaffinity chromatography step currently in use for BDDrFVIII manufacture. The process step provides excellent recovery of BDDrFVIII from a complex feed stream and reduces host cell protein and DNA by 3–4 logs. Process validation studies established resin reuse over 26 cycles without changes in product recovery or purity. A robustness study using a factorial design was performed and showed that the step was insensitive to small changes in process conditions that represent normal variation in commercial manufacturing. A scaled‐down model of the process step was qualified and used for virus removal studies. A validation package addressing the safety of the leached peptide included leaching rate measurements under process conditions, testing of peptide levels in product pools, demonstration of robust removal downstream by spiking studies, end product testing, and toxicological profiling of the ligand. The peptide ligand affinity step was scaled up for cGMP production of BDDrFVIII for clinical trials. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correctional treatment for co‐occurring disorders: results of a national survey
Authors: Peters Roger H. , LeVasseur Michelle E. , Chandler Redonna K. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe significant expansion of correctional populations in the last decade, coupled with the gradual erosion of community treatment infrastructure and health insurance, have brought greater attention to the needs of offenders who have co‐occurring mental health and substance use disorders. Individuals with co‐occurring disorders frequently cycle through acute care facilities in the community and increasingly are placed in jails or prisons. Approximately 16% of inmates in correctional facilities have major mental health disorders (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1999), and a large majority of these inmates have co‐occurring substance use disorders. Few studies have examined the effectiveness of correctional treatment for co‐occurring disorders, and there is little information available regarding clinical and programmatic approaches used with this population.The current study provides findings from a comprehensive national survey of co‐occurring disorder treatment programs in correctional settings. A total of 20 co‐occurring disorder treatment programs from 13 state correctional systems were identified and surveyed. Many of the programs featured modified therapeutic communities, but there was significant diversity in the duration of treatment and type of services provided. Several unique structural and clinical modifications to treatment have been developed in these settings. Implementation of co‐occurring disorder treatment programs has led to enhanced collaboration with prison health services and community supervision and treatment agencies, and greater use of interdisciplinary staff to provide outreach and case management services. Research is now being conducted to examine outcomes in several of these correctional treatment programs. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multimedia‐integrated application for computer‐assisted teaching of technical drawing (AIMEC‐DT)
Authors: Peñín Pedro I. Álvarez , Morales Máximo Román Pérez , García D. Ramón Rubio , Díaz Rafael Pedro García , Quirós Javier Suárez 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis application contributes two fundamental tools for the improvement of the educational process in graphic engineering. On the one hand, the students can develop the training features of the subject by means of a computer program that allows them to have feedback from their work, and on the other, develop abilities in the use of Computer Assisted Drawing (CAD) systems for the execution of technical drawings. Everything is developed in a self‐determining way starting from a strategy that the professor has previously personalized. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 12: 136–144, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20003
An educational tool for fuzzy logic controller and classical controllers
Authors: Akcayol M. A. , Elmas C. , Erdem O. A. , Kurt M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn this study, an educational tool has been presented to teach fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and classical controllers to undergraduate and graduate level students, so that students could establish a thorough understanding and be able to compare FLC with classical controllers. The tool has flexible structure and user‐friendly graphical interface. Direct current (DC) motor speed control has been presented to help students learn and compare the FLC and classical controllers. Students practice on both controller, interpret and draw conclusions related to system parameters by changing parameters of FLC and classical controller with various working conditions. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 12: 126–135, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20007
Analysis of interleukin‐13 receptor α2 expression in human pediatric brain tumors
Authors: Kawakami Mariko , Kawakami Koji , Takahashi Satoru , Abe Masato , Puri Raj K. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDCompared with normal brain tissue cells, human malignant glioma cells express higher levels of interleukin‐13 receptor (IL‐13R). However, whether this receptor is expressed in situ has not been carefully examined. With IL‐13R–targeted cytotoxin (IL13‐PE38QQR, comprising IL‐13 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin [PE]) being tested in three Phase I/II clinical trials for the treatment of adult human glioma, and with pediatric studies being planned, the authors set out to analyze pediatric brain tumor tissue specimens for the expression of IL‐13R.METHODSUsing in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining, the authors examined 58 pediatric brain tumor specimens for expression of the predominant IL‐13 binding and internalizing protein (IL‐13Rα2) chain at the mRNA and protein levels.RESULTSOverall, approximately 83% of pediatric brain tumor samples expressed IL‐13Rα2. One hundred percent (11 of 11) high‐grade astrocytoma, 79% (26 of 33) low‐grade astrocytoma, 67% (4 of 6) medulloblastoma, and 67% (2 of 3) ependymoma samples were positive for IL‐13Rα2. Among IL‐13Rα2–positive samples, 88% (42 of 48 samples) had positive expression in ≥ 50% of all tumor fields. The results obtained using both assays were consistent with each other.CONCLUSIONSThe current study established that pediatric brain tumor specimens expressed the IL‐13Rα2 chain. Because the IL‐13Rα2 chain is a major binding component of the IL‐13R complex, these results suggest that the targeting of IL‐13R may represent a useful approach for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors. Cancer 2004. Published 2004 by the American Cancer Society.
Efficacy of radiotherapy for ovarian ablation
Authors: Hughes Lorie L. , Gray Robert J. , Solin Lawrence J. , Robert Nicholas J. , Martino Silvana , Tripathy Debu , Ingle James N. , Wood William C. ,   For the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group,   the Southwest Oncology Group,   Cancer and Leukemia Group B,   and The North Central Cancer Treatment Group
Published: July 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn 1994, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) initiated for the Breast Intergroup a randomized clinical trial (E3193) in premenopausal patients with early‐stage breast carcinoma (lymph node‐negative and receptor‐positive, with tumors measuring ≤ 3 cm) comparing tamoxifen as adjuvant systemic therapy with tamoxifen and ovarian ablation by one of three different methods. Ovarian ablation could be accomplished either via radiotherapy (RT) (20 Gray [Gy]/10 fractions to a modified pelvic volume), surgical oophorectomy, or goserelin/leuprolide injections as per patient/physician choice. In the current study, we report the efficacy of pelvic RT with this dose‐fractionation scheme in the induction of ovarian ablation.METHODSTwenty‐two of 174 patients (13%) who were randomized to treatment with tamoxifen and ovarian ablation received RT for ovarian ablation. RT quality assurance was performed. Of the 22 patients, 19 were treated per protocol, 1 patient had a minor violation (20 elapsed days for 10 RT fractions), and 2 patients had major violations (1 patient who was treated with RT as per protocol but who was treated at a non‐Intergroup center, and 1 patient who was treated at a dose of 15 Gy/5 fractions).RESULTSNo acute Grade 3 or 4 (according to the Common Toxicity Criteria of the National Cancer Institute) toxicities were reported during RT. Of the 22 patients receiving RT, evaluable follow‐up data were available for 20 patients. Based on postmenopausal levels of estradiol or follicle‐stimulating hormone at varying intervals after the completion of RT, 15 of 20 patients (75%) achieved successful ovarian ablation with RT. At a median follow‐up of 54 months (range, 21–66 months), no Grade 3 or 4 complications from RT were observed.CONCLUSIONSOvarian ablation by RT as performed in the current trial (given at a dose of 20 Gy in 10 fractions to a modified pelvic treatment volume) was found to be effective for ovarian ablation in the majority of patients, but may take some months to be complete. Consequently, patients should be evaluated to ascertain that ablation has been accomplished. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.