bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified S‐pouch neobladder vs ileal conduit and a matched control population: a quality‐of‐life survey
Authors: Protogerou Vassilis , Moschou Maria , Antoniou Nikos , Varkarakis John , Bamias Aris , Deliveliotis Charalambos 
Published: August 2004

OBJECTIVESTo measure the quality‐of‐life (QoL) outcome and urinary and sexual function and bother after radical cystectomy and different types of urinary tract reconstruction (Bricker vs modified S‐pouch neobladder), also assessing differences between them and a normal population.PATIENTS, SUBJECTS AND METHODSTwo groups of patients with bladder cancer were assessed; group 1 comprised 58 (mean age 65 years, mean follow‐up 28 months) with an ileal conduit diversion, and group 2, 50 (mean age 61 years, mean follow‐up 26 months) with a modified S‐pouch neobladder. All were disease‐free. Group 3 comprised 54 healthy subjects (a control population) of similar age, gender and comorbidities other than bladder cancer. A QoL questionnaire was used to study changes in QoL, and a specific questionnaire for urinary and sexual function and bother was also constructed.RESULTSThere were no differences in the QoL scores among the three groups; group 3 (control) tended to have a better QoL for all domains except emotional functioning. Urinary function was seriously affected in group 1, with more daytime leakage than in groups 2 and 3 (37.8% vs 10%, P = 0.005, and 9.3%, P = 0.01), night loss of urine (39.5% vs 28%, P = 0.07, and 3.7%, P = 0.002) and urine odour (58.6% vs 4%, and 5.5%, both P = 0.001). Patients in group 2 differed from healthy individuals only in night loss of urine. Consequently urinary bother was more pronounced in group 1, as fewer were satisfied (68.9% vs 86% and 83.2%, both P = 0.03). Sexual function was seriously and similarly affected in groups 1 and 2; the erection rate was 28.9% for group 1, 35.5% for group 2 (P = 0.1) and 83.3% in group 3 (P = 0.003), while firm erections were present at 17.7%, 22.2% (P = 0.2) and 83.3% (P = 0.002). Women reported equivalent dysfunction in all three groups (15.4%, 20% and 16.6%, P = 0.3). Sexual desire was also equal in all groups (48.2%, 50% and 48.1). Patients in group 1 expressed more bother, while those in group 2 seemed more satisfied by their sexual life (84.4%, 68% and 68.5%, P = 0.04).CONCLUSIONSRadical cystectomy does not affect QoL whichever urinary reconstruction is used, and this implies a determination by the patients to live and adjust to their new conditions. On the contrary, urinary and sexual function are affected and related to the method used to reconstruct the urinary system.
Living‐donor kidney retransplantation: risk factors and outcome
Authors: El‐Agroudy Amgad E. , Wafa Ehab W. , Bakr Mohamed A. , Donia Ahmed F. , Ismail Amani M. , Shokeir Ahmed A. , Shehab El‐Dein Ahmed B. , Ghoneim Mohamed a. 
Published: August 2004

Authors from Mansoura in Egypt present a study of risk factors and outcome from living‐donor renal re‐transplantation. This is sometimes avoided as being unlikely to have a good outcome, but it is shown here to be the treatment of choice in patients who have lost the primary graft.OBJECTIVETo review the results of kidney retransplantation at our centre.PATIENTS AND METHODSBetween March 1976 and January 2002, 1406 kidneys were transplanted; among these, 54 patients received a second graft (39 men, mean age 32.1 years, sd 8.6). The donors were 48 relatives (mean age 35.4 years, sd 10.1).RESULTSThe mean (sd, range) duration of the first graft was 49.1 (45.9, 1–192) months and the main cause of these grafts failing was immunological. The mean duration of graft failure was 17.3 (10.5, 5–62) months. The rate of histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐A, ‐B >3 was 16.7% and of haplotype DR matching was 11%. The immunosuppression regimen was mainly based on cyclosporin (75%). There were 33 episodes of acute rejection in 23 patients. The major complications were hypertension (70%), infections (30%) and hepatitis (11%). The overall graft and patient survival was good; 15 grafts (27%) were lost during the follow‐up of 1–17 years. Ten patients died, five with a functioning graft. Multivariate analysis showed that donor relationship, primary immunosuppression, duration of first graft and serum creatinine level at 1 year were predictors of graft survival.CONCLUSIONRenal retransplantation is the treatment of choice in patients who have lost their graft. The use of related living‐donors and potent immunosuppression could help to improve the outcome.
Fibrin glue for the suture‐less correction of penile chordee: a pilot study in a rabbit model
Authors: Hafez Ashraf T. , El‐Assmy Ahmed , El‐Hamid Mohamed A. 
Published: August 2004

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the use of fibrin glue as a scaffold for patching defects in the tunica albuginea in a rabbit model for a future application in correcting chordee.MATERIALS AND METHODSNine New Zealand white male rabbits were utilized. All had a 15 × 5‐mm defect created in the ventral tunica albuginea. Fibrin glue (1 mL) was applied to cover the defect in tunica albuginea and the penile skin closed with a continuous 5/0 chromic catgut suture. Animals were killed in groups of three at 2, 6 and 12 weeks afterward. The evaluation included an artificial erection test with intracavernosal injection of prostaglandin E1 (5 µg), cavernosography and histopathological examination of sections of the penis stained with haematoxylin and eosin or Masson trichrome.RESULTSNone of the rabbits died during the procedure or developed bleeding or haematoma afterward. All animals had straight erections on testing with prostaglandin (5 µg). There was no evidence of corporal narrowing or venous leakage on cavernosography. Histopathological evaluation showed evidence of the fibrin sealant layer, with angiogenesis and a cell infiltrate at 2 weeks. At 6 and 12 weeks there was completely normal regeneration of the tunica albuginea.CONCLUSIONSIn this pilot study in a rabbit model the haemostatic effect of fibrin glue was confirmed on covering a defect in the tunica albuginea. Moreover, there was regeneration of normal tunica albuginea with no scarring at 6 weeks and maintained at 12 weeks. Further well‐controlled studies are required before using fibrin glue for corporal body grafting to treat chordee.
Quo vadis? Ureteric reimplantation or ignoring reflux during augmentation cystoplasty
Authors: Soylet Yunus , Emir Haluk , Ilce Zekeriya , Yesildag Ebru , Buyukunal S.N. Cenk , Danismend Nur 
Published: August 2004

OBJECTIVETo decide whether antireflux surgery should be used in the presence of vesico‐ureteric reflux (VUR) in children, in whom an augmentation procedure is needed, because secondary VUR in children with a neurogenic bladder, infravesical obstruction and primary VUR in the exstrophy‐epispadias complex is expected to resolve after augmentation, which decreases the intravesical pressure and increases capacity.PATIENTS AND METHODSBetween 1987 and 2001, the bladder was augmented in 38 children, using no antireflux surgery in group 1 (15 patients) and antireflux surgery in group 2 (23 patients).RESULTSVUR was detected in all patients on cysto‐urethrography before surgery; reflux resolved after augmentation cystoplasty in 97% and 93% of refluxing units in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The increase in the expected bladder capacity was from 35% to 86% in group 1 and from 38% to 90% in group 2. No patient had any deterioration in renal function.CONCLUSIONSWe recommend using only augmentation in patients with low‐ or high‐grade VUR and a neurogenic bladder, infravesical obstruction and exstrophy‐epispadias. Combining antireflux surgery with cystoplasty has no significant effect on either the resolution of VUR or renal function.
Long‐term outcome of the endoscopic correction of vesico‐ureteric reflux: a comparison of injected substances
Authors: Sugiyama Takahide , Hanai Tadashi , Hashimoto Kiyushi , Umekawa Tohru , Kurita Takashi 
Published: August 2004

OBJECTIVETo summarize the long‐term outcome of endoscopic surgery to correct vesico‐ureteric reflux (VUR) using different injected substances, i.e. autologous blood, hyaluronan/dextranomer copolymer (HDC), PTFE and glutaraldehyde cross‐linked bovine dermal (GAX) collagen.PATIENTS AND METHODSTreatment results on 270 ureters of 185 patients followed for >5 years (mean 8.5) were summarized according to the injected substances. The substances were injected into the 6 o’clock position of the ureteric orifice endoscopically. ‘Success’ was defined as the absence of VUR for >5 years after a single injection.RESULTSThe treatment was successful in two of 24 patients (8%) with autologous blood, 17 of 32 (53%) with HDC, 108 of 171 (63%) with PTFE and 24 of 43 (56%) with GAX collagen. The success rate was lower in patients with higher grades of VUR.CONCLUSIONSAutologous blood is unsuitable for clinical application because of its poor durability. We will no longer use PTFE because its safety is not well established. The overall success rates of endoscopic surgery with GAX collagen and HDC were insufficient compared with surgical reimplantation, but it is advantageous that this procedure is less invasive and can be repeated. The cure rate could be improved by excluding high‐grade VUR from the indications for endoscopic surgery.
Gender assignment in female congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a difficult experience
Authors: Özbey Hüsoyin , Darendeliler Fayza , Kayserili Hüyla , Korkmazlar Ümran , Salman Tansu 
Published: August 2004

OBJECTIVETo report experience of gender (re)assignment in genotypic female (46XX) patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (f‐CAH), a difficult and stressful experience if complicated with delayed presentation and inadvertent assignment.PATIENTS AND METHODSBetween 1983 and 2002, 70 patients with f‐CAH were counselled for gender assignment. The age at diagnosis and operation, the degree of virilization, parental consanguinity, the gender preference of the families, and the factors governing the decision‐making process were determined.RESULTSForty‐one (59%) patients presented after the neonatal period. All parents had already assumed or were advised of a gender for their children, based on the suggestive appearance of the external genitalia. Consequently, 49 patients were reared as female and 21 as ‘male’. Only nine of these ‘males’ could be reassigned as females (mean age at presentation 7.87 months, sd 10.42). Twelve children had to be reared as ‘male’ (mean age at presentation 55.8 months, sd 32.42) in compliance with the parents’ and the study group's decision, and appropriate masculinizing reconstructive surgery was undertaken. The difference in the mean age of those reassigned as female and those who remained ‘male’ was significant (P < 0.001). The parental consanguinity rate among the families was especially high in the ‘male’ patients.CONCLUSIONSIt is extremely difficult to correct the gender of patients with f‐CAH when they present at >2.5 years old. Furthermore, the delay in diagnosis and the male bias in choice of gender in our population might be a result of strong social pressures on families, influenced by cultural, traditional and economic factors.
Long‐term results of sacral neuromodulation for women with urinary retention
Authors: Dasgupta Ranan , Wiseman Oliver J. , Kitchen Neil , Fowler Clare J. 
Published: August 2004

OBJECTIVETo review the long‐term results of sacral nerve stimulation in the treatment of women with Fowler's syndrome, over a 6‐year period at one tertiary referral centre.PATIENTS AND METHODSBetween 1996 and 2002, 26 women with urinary retention were treated by implanting a sacral nerve stimulator. Their case records were reviewed for follow‐up, complications and revision procedures, and the most recent uroflowmetry results.RESULTSThere were 20 patients (77%) still voiding spontaneously at the time of review (with two having deactivated their stimulator because of pregnancy). Fourteen patients (54%) required revision surgery, and the most common complications included loss of efficacy, implant‐related discomfort and leg pain. The mean postvoid residual volume was 75 mL and mean maximum flow rate 20.8 mL/s.CONCLUSIONIn young women with retention, for whom there is still no alternative to lifelong self‐catheterization, sacral neuromodulation is effective for up to 5 years after implantation. However, there was a significant complication rate, in line with other reports, which may be improved by new technical developments.
Trends in aquatic macrophyte species turnover in Northern Ireland — which factors determine the spatial distribution of local species turnover?
Authors: Heegaard Einar 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACTAim The study examined qualitative predictions of ecological theories in relation to the spatial distribution of species turnover of aquatic macrophytes, through the following parameters: (1) distance between lakes (2) chemical conditions of the lakes (3) chemical differences between the lakes, and (4) the lake size.Location 562 lakes dispersed throughout Northern Ireland were analysed.Methods To obtain species turnover estimates independent of richness, the average distance between focal lakes and their five nearest neighbours in ordination space (DCA) was standardized by the species richness in a Generalized Additive Model (GAM). The relationships between species turnover and ecological (chemical condition, chemical difference, distance between lakes, and lake‐size) and geographical parameters (latitude, longitude, and altitude) were analysed using GAM.Results The results indicate that the pattern in species turnover is a combination of the chemical conditions and the distance between the lakes, including the interaction term. The effects of chemical heterogeneity and lake size parameters were both positive but weak. In general, increased distance and decreased ionic concentration contribute to increased turnover. The influence of distance on species turnover is strongest at low and high altitude, and at mid‐elevation the species turnover is mainly driven by the chemical conditions. Towards the north there is an increasing influence of distance, whereas in the south the chemical conditions have their strongest influence.Conclusions There is a need for components from several established ecological theories to explain the spatial trends in species turnover within Northern Ireland. Central theories in this particular study are the population/metapopulation dynamics, the continuum concept, and the species‐pool concept.
House Price Shocks, Windfall Gains and Hours of Work: British Evidence*
Authors: Henley Andrew 
Published: August 2004

AbstractDo workers adjust hours of work in response to capital gains and losses? This paper investigates this question using British panel data on individual employees from 1992 to 2001. It investigates hours of work adjustments to two sources of capital gain: financial windfalls and real housing wealth gains. Significant reductions in hours are found for both men and women in response, in particular, to housing gains. Men appear to increase hours in response to real housing losses, whereas women reduce hours in response to real housing gains. Evidence on hours of work preferences suggests that observed adjustments are only partial responses.
The Rise in Danish Unemployment: Reallocation or Mismatch?*
Authors: Albæk Karsten , Hansen Henrik 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe two main competing theories for the outward shift in the uv‐curve are investigated: increased separations from employment at a given employment level (reallocation) and decreased levels of hires, given unemployment and vacancies (mismatch). Shifts in the unemployment–vacancy (uv)‐curve and the hiring function are modelled by smooth transition functions, and the hypothesis of analogous shifts in the two curves is tested and accepted. This is interpreted as evidence in favour of the mismatch hypotheses.
Dating Business Cycles: A Methodological Contribution with an Application to the Euro Area
Authors: Artis Michael , Marcellino Massimiliano , Proietti Tommaso 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis paper proposes a dating algorithm based on an appropriately defined Markov chain that enforces alternation of peaks and troughs, and duration constraints concerning the phases and the full cycle. The algorithm, which implements Harding and Pagan's non‐parametric dating methodology, allows an assessment of the uncertainty of the estimated turning points caused by filtering and can be used to construct indices of business cycle diffusion, aiming at assessing how widespread are cyclical movements throughout the economy. Its adaptation to the notion of a deviation cycle and the imposition of depth constraints are also discussed. We illustrate the algorithm with reference to the issue of dating the euro‐area business cycle and analysing its characteristics, both from the classical and the growth cycle perspectives.
The 3‐day Week of 1974 and Earnings Data Reliability in the Family Expenditure Survey and the National Child Development Study*
Authors: Grawe Nathan D. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn early 1974, an energy conservation policy limited the British workweek to 3 days. Researchers fear that earnings reports given by survey respondents during this period may not be comparable with those given in more typical circumstances. This study uses responses during and after the 3‐day week policy to estimate the degree of misreporting in the National Child Development Study (NCDS) and the Family Expenditure Survey (FES). The estimates show that very few respondents gave ‘incorrect’ 3‐day figures. In the FES, the estimated fraction of misreports is no larger than 3.2%; in the NCDS, the best estimate is 0.
Plant and mycorrhizal regulation of rhizodeposition
Authors: Jones David L. , Hodge Angela , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: August 2004

SummaryThe loss of carbon from roots (rhizodeposition) and the consequent proliferation of microorganisms in the surrounding soil, coupled with the physical presence of a root and processes associated with nutrient uptake, gives rise to a unique zone of soil called the rhizosphere. In this review, we bring together evidence to show that roots can directly regulate most aspects of rhizosphere C flow either by regulating the exudation process itself or by directly regulating the recapture of exudates from soil. Root exudates have been hypothesized to be involved in the enhanced mobilization and acquisition of many nutrients from soil or the external detoxification of metals. With few exceptions, there is little mechanistic evidence from soil‐based systems to support these propositions. We conclude that much more integrated work in realistic systems is required to quantify the functional significance of these processes in the field. We need to further unravel the complexities of the rhizosphere in order to fully engage with key scientific ideas such as the development of sustainable agricultural systems and the response of ecosystems to climate change.

Contents

I.
Introduction
460

II.
What is rhizodeposition?
460

III.
Regulation of rhizodeposition
460

IV.
How large is the root exudation C flux?
463

V.
How responsive is the root exudation C flux?
463

VI.
How responsive is the microbial community to root exudation?
464

VII.
The role of root exudates in nutrient acquisition
464

VIII.
Mycorrhizal fungi and rhizodeposition
471

IX.
Future thoughts
474

Acknowledgements
474

References
474
Relationships beliefs and relationship quality across cultures: Country as a moderator of dysfunctional beliefs and relationship quality in three former Communist societies
Authors: Goodwin Robin , Gaines Stanley O. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractResearch on the correlation between relationship beliefs and quality has rarely considered the impact of culture. In this study, 206 manual workers, students, and entrepreneurs from Georgia, Hungary, and Russia completed a modified Relationship Beliefs Inventory (Eidelson & Epstein, 1982, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 715) and the Abbreviated Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Sharpley & Rogers, 1984, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 44, 1045). Results indicated a significant pan‐cultural correlation between dysfunctional beliefs and relationship quality but a moderating effect for country, with dysfunctional beliefs in Hungary explaining more than four times of the variance in relationship quality than in the other countries. Findings are interpreted in light of major value and ecological differences between the three countries.
Attachment models of the self and others: Relations with self‐esteem, humanity‐esteem, and parental treatment
Authors: Luke Michelle A. , Maio Gregory R. , Carnelley Katherine B. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe present research tested the extent to which perceptions of early childhood experiences with parents predicted general views of the self (i.e., self‐esteem) and others (i.e., humanity‐esteem), and whether attachment self‐ and other‐models mediated these links. Two studies used a new measure of humanity‐esteem (Luke & Maio, 2004) to achieve these ends. As expected, indices that tapped a positive model of the self in relationships were associated with high self‐esteem and indices that tapped a positive model of others in relationships were associated with high humanity‐esteem. Also, early attachment experiences with fathers and mothers predicted self‐esteem and humanity‐esteem, respectively, and these direct relations were mediated by the attachment models. The studies, therefore, provide direct evidence that attachment measures predict general favorability toward the self and others, while revealing novel differences in the roles of childhood experiences with fathers and mothers.
No variables, it is held, have more far‐reaching effects on personality development than a child's experiences within the family: for, starting during his first months in his relation with his mother figure, and extending through the years of childhood and adolescence in his relation to both parents, he builds up working models of how attachment figures are likely to behave towards him in any of a variety of situations; and on those models are based all his expectations, and therefore all his plans, for the rest of his life. Bowlby (1973; p. 369)
Former partners and new rivals as threats to a relationship: Infidelity type, gender, and commitment as factors related to distress and forgiveness
Authors: Cann Arnie , Baucom Tracy R. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe overall aim of this study was to examine differences in responses to relationship infidelity when the infidelity involves a former romantic partner as opposed to a new rival. Participants indicated, for either sexual or emotional infidelity, whether they would be more upset if their partner were involved with a former partner or a new person, and whether they would be forgiving. Men and women saw the former partner as a greater threat when the infidelity was sexual. However, for emotional infidelity, only women selected the former partner more frequently. Ratings of the degree of distress and likelihood of forgiveness followed a similar pattern. For women, measures of relationship commitment were related to distress and forgiveness. For men, these measures were related to forgiveness only. The gender differences in distress may be related to differences between men and women in beliefs about the importance of commitment.