bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Students' Errors in Translating English Pronouns into Arabic
Authors: AL-Darraji Othman , Faraj Abdalraheem , Elorfi Hamida 
Published: January 2024

This research explores the analysis of students' errors in translating English pronouns into Arabic. In order to examine students' translations, translation test, which consists of different sentences that have different pronouns types, as data for this study. Quantative and qualitative study is used in this study. Fifteen students from Semester VIII from the Faculty of Education, Benghazi University in the academic year 2020 undertake the test to render some pronouns into Arabic. The results showed that students face difficulty in the translation of pronouns into their mother tongue, Arabic. The findings also revealed that they had difficulty in translating relative pronouns with the percentage of 50%; followed by demonstrative 34%. The lowest percentage was interrogative and possessive pronouns. It is revealed that in spite of that students have studies pronouns in their grammar courses at the faculty, yet most of them were not successful to render them properly.
Obstacles to psychological from the point of view psychologistes
Authors: Al , Naji Khaled 
Published: January 2024

The present study aimed to identify the most important obstacles of psychological practice practice that facing the psychologists working in social institution and education in the city of Al-Marj by answering the question of study , which states the most important obstacles of psychological practice in psychologists working in social institutions and education ? The sample consisted of ( 70 ) psychologists from Al-Marj city , and use the questionnaire of obstacles which is prepared by the researcher and consists of (14) paragraph , which was able to achieve the objects of the study and answer the question of the study to verify the sincerity of the tool was presented to a number(3).
arbitrators and the results resulted in the amendment of some paragraphs as extraction of self-truth was C value (86.) to extract the stability and then use the coefficient Koder Radicarson where the value of stability (75.), which is an acceptable stability coefficient, and after verifying the validity of the tool, after returning the forms from the study sample, the researcher unloaded on the statistical packages program for social sciences to be after Statistical data processing. In the analysis of data, the researcher relied on percentages, repetitions and relative weight. After the statistical treatment, the results showed that the constraint (the lack of means of work in a way that ensures the good functioning of psychological practice) came in first place by more than (70%) and came in second place with a disability Recognition of the importance of the work of the psychologist and non-cooperation with him (by 73%) and came in the third place impeded (working time for the psychologist is inappropriate) by (66%) and came in fourth place with a hindrance (assigning the psychologist to administrative work completely distant About their specialties and tasks) 65% came in fifth place with crippling (lack of recognition by officials of the importance of the work of specialist psychological and marginalize him professionally) and percentage (50%).
جدلية العلاقة بين اللغة والفكر أو المنطق
Authors: الفاخري مصيونة , العبيدي خميس 
Published: January 2024

إن الإنسان باعتباره كائن حي يسعى بفطرته لاكتشاف العالم و إدراك محيطه الخارجي ليحصل له التكيف و الانسجام الأمثل فيه، عن طريق استخدامه لخاصيات تميزه عن الكائنات الأخرى، كالإحساس و الإدراك، الشعور، الذاكرة و الخيال، العادة و الإرادة، إضافة إلى اللغة و الفكر، وهما يمثلان وسيلة هامة تساعده على الاندماج في عالمه، وحول طبيعة العلاقة بين هاتين الوسيلتين شاع الاختلاف بين الفلاسفة و المفكرين وهذه المسألة بالذات تعتبر من أهم المسائل الفلسفية وأكثرها جدلا، فبالنسبة إلى المواقف التقليدية فأنها تنقسم إلى موقفين يقول الأول بأولوية الفكر على اللغة، أما الثاني فيؤكد على أسبقية اللغة على الفكر والقاسم المشترك بين هذين الموقفين الفصل التام بين اللغة والفكر لأنهما كيانين مستقلين ومختلفين.
يسعى هذا البحث إلى رصد أراء الفلاسفة وعلماء اللسانيات حول طبيعة العلاقة الموجودة بين اللغة والفكر، فمنهم من اعتبر العلاقة بينهما علاقة اتصال ومنهم من اعتبرها علاقة انفصال. والإشكال المطروح هنا هو ما العلاقة الحقيقية بين اللغة و الفكر؟ والى ماذا استند كل موقف في إثبات حججه وأدلته؟ والى أي مدى يمكن تهذيب التناقض الموجود بين الاتجاهين؟هل فعل التعبير (اللغة) لا يتناسب مع فعل التفكير؟ وهل فعلا اللغة عاجزة وقاصرة على الإحاطة بمعان التفكير ودلالاته؟
سنتبع منهج التحليل والنقد المقارن للآراء المختلفة حول هذه القضية الجدلية عند المحدثين والإسلاميين.للوصول لنتيجة توافقية مقبولة منطقيا.
الدلالات التقاربية بين مفهومي الديمقراطية والشورى
Authors: حافظ اشرف 
Published: January 2024

أثيرت النقاشات الفكرية بصدد دلالتي الديمقراطية والشورى، وتنحصر إشكالية هذه الجدلية في تيارين، الأول: يرى أن الشورى تختلف شكلاً ومضموناً عن الديمقراطية سواءً من منظور المفهوم أو أسلوب التطبيق، أما التيار الثاني: فيرى أن الشورى والديمقراطية اسمان مختلفان للمسمى أو المضمون نفسه، وكل من التيارين يحاول جاهداً إقصاء الآخر من خلال تحليل المفاهيم والأدلة المختلفة، فالأول يسير بمبدأ الأصالة ونفي الحداثة، والثاني ينتهج مسار العقلانية والواقعية.
لذا يستعرض هذا البحث الآراء المتابينة لكل تيار بمنهجية تحليلية موضوعية نقدية للوقوف على أقرب الآراء للمنطق والعقل بعيداً الأهواء والميول الذاتية، فيتطرق أولاً إلى مفهومي الشورى والديمقراطية،وثانياً رأي المتشبثين بالمفهوم التراثي الماضوي للشورى، وثالثاُ آراء التيار العقلاني من منظور النهج النقدي للتيار الأول عن طريق منهجية إعادة قراءة النص.
Problemas de Evacuación de Aguas en los Barrios
Authors: Cuellar Alberte Federico 
Published: January 2024

En el tema de la opinión del vecino sobre el principal problema del barrio, se explica la falta de alcantarillado sanitario mediante un conjunto de variables que incluye el monto cancelado por el servicios y el ingreso familiar, lo mismo que la forma de evacuación de aguas servidas. En el tema de la forma de evacuación de las aguas servidas, se explica la utilización de la cámara séptica o del pozo ciego o letrina, mediante un conjunto de variables que incluye la ubicación de la vivienda donde habita la familia, ciertas variables que caracterizan el patrimonio de la familia tales como el nivel de ingreso o la disponibilidad de ciertos activos como el teléfono o televisor, las opiniones con respecto a los principales problemas del vecindario, y finalmente, el grado de hacinamiento que presenta la vivienda, lo mismo que el número de personas que constituyen la familia. Para el efecto, se levanta una base de datos a partir de la aplicación de encuestas a igual número de familias asentadas en la zona sur del municipio de Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Se utiliza técnicas avanzadas de la estadística matemática, especificando tres modelos de respuesta cualitativa cuyos coeficientes son identificados mediante la técnica de la máxima verosimilitud. Los resultados encontrados son de gran utilidad para la conformación de criterios sobre las pautas de comportamiento y la identificación de las prioridades manifestadas por los vecinos para el mejoramiento de los sistemas de evacuación.
The Concept of Merdeka Curriculum Implementation: Realizing Humanistic Islamic Education Learning
Authors: Sirait Azyana Alda , Basri Hasan , Ab Rahman Zaizul 
Published: January 2024

The Merdeka curriculum, an innovative approach in the world of education, has become the main focus in efforts to realize more humanistic Islamic religious education learning. This research aims to determine the concept of implementing the Merdeka curriculum in the context of Islamic religious education learning and to determine the character and implications of the Merdeka curriculum in humanistic Islamic religious education learning for students. The research method used in this research is library research. Library research is a type of research where the data or material needed for research is obtained from sources in the library, such as books, encyclopedias, dictionaries, journals, magazines, and so on. The results of the research show that the concept of implementing an Merdeka curriculum for humanistic Islamic religious education learning includes: human values, empathy, student-centered concern. The characteristics of humanistic Islamic religious education learning in the Merdeka curriculum include: individual orientation, social interaction, active learning, character development, flexibility in learning, and holistic evaluation. Meanwhile, the implications of Merdeka curriculum learning in humanistic Islamic religious education learning include: more interesting learning, stronger character development, critical and creative thinking skills, healthy social interaction, development of problem solving abilities, respect for diversity, independence in learning and relevance religion in everyday life. Based on the description above, it can be concluded that the concept of an Merdeka curriculum, students' understanding of the teachings of Islam is deepened with an emphasis on human values, empathy and social care. In addition, students will conduct humanistic learning to develop better character, including the ability to empathize and deeper social understanding so that the realization of students who are ethical and care about society.
PELATIHAN KETERAMPILAN PENGOLAHAN ANEKA KUE BERBAHAN PANGAN LABU KUNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Muflikah Binti , Bimo Djoko Sri , Nurmawati  , Kadarwati Sri , Dartani Maria Yustina Rensi , Lestariningsih Enny Dwi 
Published: January 2024

Kelurahan Sidorejo Lor merupakan daerah penghasil labu kuning terbanyak di Salatiga. Meskipun daerah tersebut memiliki sumber daya alam yang melimpah, namun warga masyarakat tidak memiliki pengetahuan dalam mengolah dan memanfaatkan keunggulan itu secara maksimal dengan cara optimalisasi dan inovasi olahan produk. Terkait hal demikian itu, maka perlu adanya sebuah pelatihan dan bimbingan untuk meningkatkan nilai jual tinggi pada produk tersebut sehingga mampu bersaing di pasar. Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan optimalisasi olahan produk berbahan dasar labu kuning kepada mitra warga kelompok ibu-ibu PKK RW X Kelurahan. Sidorejo Lor, Salatiga agar mitra lebih produktif dan mampu memanfaatkan bahan-bahan yang ada di sekitar mereka. Kegiatan ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan partisipatif atau Participatory Action Research (PAR) dengan melibatkan kelompok masyarakat. PAR dilaksanakan secara parsipatif dalam kelompok masyarakat bertujuan mendapatkan pengetahuan praktis untuk perubahan hidup yang lebih baik. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah produksi makanan olahan berbahan dasar labu kuning. Dari evaluasi kemampuan yang dilakukan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan kemampuan mitra dalam mengoptimalkan sumber daya alam yang melimpah menjadi sebuah inovasi produk. Respon masyarakat terhadap pelatihan keterampilan pengolahan aneka kue dari labu kuning adalah baik dan menyatakan bahwa produk tersebut layak untuk dikembangkan, bukan saja karena bahannya mudah diperoleh, akan tetapi juga mudah proses pembuatannya. Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat karena memiliki kemampuan untuk mengolah labu kuning menjadi olahan aneka kue yang cantik, sekaligus mendorong jiwa wirausaha mitra agar lebih produktif sehingga mampu meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat.
Histories of Rape Resistance
Authors: Jordan Jerrica 
Published: January 2024

Ann Petry's The Street is a text that begins and ends with vivid descriptions of violence, paving the way for the brutal environment that faces its female protagonist, Lutie Johnson. "The Street" that Petry's narrator describes is an allegory for the establishment of patriarchy within America. Jordan connects Lutie's journey to the literal female rebellion occurring in or on America's streets against patriarchal structures. Jordan ties Lutie's journey to the present day in three ways: her education with her white employers, her attempt to independently achieve racial uplift, and her violent outburst after an attempted rape. Because Lutie has been educated via white authored texts--including that of Benjamin Franklin's autobiography--she pursues white methods of uplift unattainable for African American women. In doing so, she absents herself from a potential community of female allies; her eventual recognition emanates in actions of anger and violence, when she physically beats her male abuser into submission.
Exploring the Chemistry and Mass Function of the Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae with New Theoretical Color–Magnitude Diagrams
Authors: Gerasimov Roman , Burgasser Adam J. , Caiazzo Ilaria , Homeier Derek , Richer Harvey B. , Correnti Matteo , Heyl Jeremy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Despite their shared origin, members of globular clusters display star-to-star variations in composition. The observed pattern of element abundances is unique to these stellar environments and cannot be fully explained by any proposed mechanism. It remains unclear whether stars form with chemical heterogeneity or inherit it from interactions with other members. These scenarios may be differentiated by the dependence of chemical spread on stellar mass; however, obtaining a sufficiently large mass baseline requires abundance measurements on the lower main sequence, which is too faint for spectroscopy even in the nearest globular clusters. We developed a stellar modeling method to obtain precise chemical abundances for stars near the end of the main sequence from multiband photometry, and we applied it to the globular cluster 47 Tucanae. The computational efficiency is attained by matching chemical elements to the model components that are most sensitive to their abundance. We determined [O/Fe] for ∼5000 members below the main-sequence knee at the level of accuracy, comparable to the spectroscopic measurements of evolved members in the literature. The inferred distribution disfavors stellar interactions as the origin of chemical spread; however, an accurate theory of accretion is required to draw a more definitive conclusion. We anticipate that future observations of 47 Tucanae with the James Webb Space Telescope will extend the mass baseline of our analysis into the substellar regime. Therefore, we present predicted color–magnitude diagrams and mass–magnitude relations for the brown dwarf members of 47 Tucanae.
Metal-enriched Pair-instability Supernovae: Effects of Rotation
Authors: Umeda Hideyuki , Nagele Chris 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we revisit metal-enriched rotating pair-instability supernovae (PISNe) models for metallicities consistent with the Small Magellanic Cloud, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), and 0.1Z
⊙. By calculating multiple models, we intend to clarify mass ranges and the ejected 56Ni masses from the PISNe, and mass-loss histories for progenitors. We find that the choice of the Wolf–Rayet (WR) mass-loss rates is important, and we adopt the recently proposed rate of Sander & Vink, which covers the mass ranges for PISNe progenitors. We show that slow rotation lowers the PISN range because the core mass increases by rotational mixing. On the other hand, when we assume a typical rotation speed for observed OB stars, the mass-loss increase becomes more significant, and the final stellar masses are lower than in nonrotating models. As a result, the typical mass range for bright supernovae (SNe), with a 56Ni mass higher than 10M
⊙ for these fast-rotating models is more than 400 and 350M
⊙ for LMC and 0.1Z
⊙ metallicities, respectively. It is interesting that unlike in previous works, we find oxygen-rich progenitors for most cases. This O-rich progenitor may be consistent with the recently identified PISN candidate SN2018ibb. He-rich progenitors are seen only for relatively dim and metal-poor (Z ≲ 0.1Z
⊙) PISNe. We also discuss the black hole mass gap for metal-enriched PISNe, and we show that the upper bound for the gap is lower than in the Population III case.
The Link between Nonthermal Velocity and Free Magnetic Energy in Solar Flares
Authors: McKevitt James , Jarolim Robert , Matthews Sarah , Baker Deborah , Temmer Manuela , Veronig Astrid , Reid Hamish , Green Lucie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The cause of excess spectral line broadening (nonthermal velocity) is not definitively known, but given its rise before and during flaring, the causal processes hold clues to understanding the triggers for the onset of reconnection and the release of free magnetic energy from the coronal magnetic field. A comparison of data during a 9 hr period from the extreme ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on the Hinode spacecraft—at a 3 minute cadence—and nonlinear force-free field extrapolations performed on Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager magnetograms—at a 12 minute cadence—shows an inverse relationship between nonthermal velocity and free magnetic energy on short timescales during two X-class solar flares on 2017 September 6. Analysis of these results supports suggestions that unresolved Doppler flows do not solely cause nonthermal broadening, and instead other mechanisms like Alfvén wave propagation and isotropic turbulence have a greater influence.
Association of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and Neurofilament Light Chain in Patients with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Dey Saikat , Yelamanchi Ramachadra , Mullapudi Thrinath , Holla Vikram V. , Kamble Nitish , Mahale Rohan R. , Sathyaprabha Talakad N. , Pal Pramod K. , Debnath Monojit , Yadav Ravi 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is the most common primary tauopathy. The definite diagnosis of PSP is established by histopathologic changes in the brain. There are no reliable blood-based biomarkers to aid the diagnosis of this fatal disease at an early stage. Also, the precise etiopathology of PSP and its variants is inadequately understood.

Objective:
Blood-based molecules such as neurofilament light chain (NfL) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are shown as important markers of neurodegenerative and aging processes, respectively. These two biomarkers have not been analyzed simultaneously in PSP patients.

Methods:
To address this knowledge gap, 40 PSP patients and equal number of healthy individuals were recruited and serum levels of NfL and IGF-1 were assayed in all the study participants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Motor and nonmotor symptoms were evaluated in PSP patients using various scales/questionnaires. Cardiac autonomic function tests were performed in a subset of patients (n = 27).

Results:
A significantly high serum level of NfL (P < 0.01) and a reduced level of IGF-1 (P = 0.02) were observed in PSP patients compared to healthy controls. Besides, a negative correlation (r = -0.54, P < 0.01) between NfL and IGF-1 levels was observed in PSP patients.

Conclusion:
The finding of this study reinforces the important role of blood NfL level as a potential biomarker of PSP. Further, the current study provides novel insights into the reciprocal correlation between NfL and IGF-1 in PSP patients. Combined analysis of blood levels of these two functionally relevant markers might be useful in the prediction and diagnosis of PSP.
A Comparative Evaluation of Different Methods for Shade Selection in Fixed Prosthodontics: An In vitro Study
Authors: Saiyed Anam Abdulla , Mathur Somil Kumar , Shah Takshil Devendra 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Aesthetics has gained broad importance over the last few years among dental practitioners and patients. It has become essential for clinicians to match the original shades of the present tooth. Hence, this study evaluated the efficacy of conventional visual shade selection, digital photography and digital shade selection using a device for shade selection in fixed prosthodontics.

Materials and Methods:
A comparative evaluation of different methods for shade selection in fixed prosthodontics was done using the three different techniques. The three were the conventional visual method, the conventional visual method assisted by digital photography and the conventional visual method assisted electronic shade matching device. In this study, 16 sample sizes were used, as there are 16 tabs in a Vitapan classical shade guide and eight observers. Independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance test was used for this study.

Results:
The percentages of visual, digital and shade selection done with electronic shade selection devices were 74.2%, 71.1% and 87.5%, respectively. The P = 0.366, which is statistically not significant.

Conclusion:
There is no significant difference between visual shade selection performed clinically or with digital photographs and shade selection assisted by electronic shade selection devices.
Potential Strategies to Limit Inappropriate Purchasing of Antibiotics without a Prescription in a Rural Province in South Africa: Pilot Study and the Implications
Authors: Sono Tiyani Milta , Maluleke Morgan Tiyiselani , Jelić Ana Golić , Campbell Stephen , Marković-Peković Vanda , Schellack Natalie , Kumar Santosh , Godman Brian , Meyer Johanna Catharina 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
There is considerable concern with rising rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with its subsequent impact on morbidity, mortality and costs. In low- and middle-income countries, a key driver of AMR is the appreciable misuse of antibiotics in ambulatory care, which can account for up to 95% of human utilisation. A principal area is the selling of antibiotics without a prescription. There is conflicting evidence in South Africa regarding this practice alongside rising AMR rates. Consequently, there is a need to explore this further, especially in more rural areas of South Africa. A pilot study was undertaken to address this.

Materials and Methods:
A two-step descriptive approach involving a self-administered questionnaire amongst pharmacists and their assistants followed by cognitive interviews with some of the participants.

Results:
Twenty-one responses were obtained from nine of the 11 community pharmacies invited to participate. Participating pharmacies were all independently owned. Ten of the 21 participants admitted dispensing antibiotics without a prescription, including both adults and children, representing five of the nine participating pharmacies. A minority dispensed antibiotics before recommending suitable over-the-counter medicines. These high rates were exacerbated by patient pressure. There were issues with the length of the questionnaire and some of the phraseology, which will be addressed in the main study.

Conclusion:
There were concerns with the extent of purchasing antibiotics without a prescription in this pilot in South Africa study. Key issues will be explored further in the main study.