bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF SCHOOL BAG WEIGHT ON CHILDREN’S HEALTH: AN URGENT CALL FOR ACTION
Authors: Ali Farhad 
Published: October 2023

In recent years, the issue of school bag weight and its impact on the health of children has gained significant attention from health experts, educators, and concerned parents alike. The consensus among experts is clear: a heavy backpack can have detrimental effects on a child’s physical well-being. The repercussions of lugging around an overloaded bag are far-reaching, with potential consequences ranging from headaches and shoulder pain to lower back pain, neck discomfort, and even arm pain. It is an issue that demands immediate attention and action, as it directly affects the health and well-being of our future generations.
One might wonder why this issue persists when governments, like that of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan, have taken steps to address it. In 2020, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government introduced the School Bags Limitation of Weight Act, aiming to regulate the weight of school bags and protect the health of young students. Under this act, specific weight limits were established for school bags based on grade levels, with the intention of preventing excessive loads. For instance, nursery class children were advised not to carry bags weighing more than 1.5kg, while class one students were recommended to limit their bags to 2.4kg. The weight limits increased incrementally as students advanced in grade, with students in class 11 and 12 advised to carry bags not exceeding 7kg. The introduction of such legislation was a significant step toward ensuring the well-being of young students.
However, despite these commendable efforts by the government, the implementation of these regulations remains a challenge. Reports from parents, educators, and students suggest that many schools have yet to adhere to these guidelines effectively. This raises the question of whether the regulations are being enforced rigorously and whether the well-being of children is truly being prioritized. It is crucial for both government and private schools to take this issue seriously and implement the weight limits as stipulated by the law.
Efektivitas Ekstrak Wasabi (Wasabia japonica) sebagai Antibakteri terhadap Eschericia coli dan Aplikasinya pada Daging Ayam Segar
Authors: Maghfiroh Khoirin , Mahmudah Daimatul 
Published: October 2023

Wasabi (Wasabia japonica) adalah tanaman asal jepang yang digunakan sebagai bumbu pelengkap masakan. Tanaman ini mengandung senyawa alil isotiosianat yang memiliki sifat antibakteri. Sehingga tanaman wasabi berpotensi dikembangkan menjadi bahan pengawet makanan alami. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan 2 tahap, yaitu uji zona hambat metode difusi cakram dan dilanjutkan dengan uji masa simpan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman ekstrak terhadap Angka Lempeng Total, nilai pH, dan organoleptik daging ayam segar selama penyimpanan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap 1 faktorial dengan 4 perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 5 kali yaitu perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak 0% (kontrol), konsentrasi ekstrak 1% (F1), konsentrasi ekstrak 2% (F2), dan konsentrasi ekstrak 3% (F3). Data yang diperoleh dianalisa dengan one-way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh nyata konsentrasi ekstrak (p<0,05) terhadap luas zona hambat. Sementara perendaman ekstrak wasabi juga berpengaruh terhadap ALT, nilai pH, dan organoleptik daging ayam segar.
Pemilihan E-Commerce Menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Sebagai Sistem Pendukung Keputusan
Authors: Hardini Indah Sri , S.T Khamaludin , Rahayu Monita 
Published: October 2023

Tren berbelanja online semakin populer dikalangan masyarakat, Salah satu bukti yang terjadi yaitu, banyak toko offline yang lebih memilih berganti menjadi toko online dengan media aplikasi e-commerce. Dari tren diatas muncul banyak aplikasi belanja online. Oleh karenanya dengan adanya penelitian ini diharapkan memudahkan konsumen memilih aplikasi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan konsumen. Dari data statistik diperoleh lima e-commerce terpopuler di Indonesia yaitu, Shopee, Tokopedia, Lazada, Bukalapak dan Blibli. Penelitiaan ini mengaplikasikan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dengan enam responden. Untuk membantu mengambil keputusan dalam memilih e-commerce. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif. Dan untuk perhitungan data dilakukan dengan cara kuantitatif. Dari hasil pengolahan data diperoleh peringkat pertama pada setiap kriteria. Peringkat pertama kriteria Promo= Tokopedia 37,66%. Kriteria Harga Produk= Lazada 39,25%. Kriteria Cara pembayaran= Shopee 26,52%. Kriteria Diskon= Lazada 27,68%. Kriteria Kelengkapan Varian= Lazada 27,82%. Jika dilihat dari point diatas aplikasi lazada dipilih sebanyak 3 kali oleh karena itu untuk peringkat umum pertama diraih oleh Lazada.
Kata Kunci: Belanja Online, E-Commerce, Pengambilan Keputusan.
Uji Kemampuan Partikel KMnO4 Teremban Dalam Karbon Aktif Tempurung Kelapa Sawit Terhadap H2S Dalam Reaktor Biogas Unggun Tetap
Authors: SUHIRMAN Suhirman - 
Published: October 2023

Biogas merupakan bahan bakar kaya gas metana yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan mikroorganisme an-aerob yang berbahan organik seperti biomassa. Salah satu biomassa yang dapat dimanfaatkan adalah limbah sayuran dan buah-buahan seperti yang ada di pasar Gamping Yogyakarta-Indonesia. Salah satu permasalahan dalam biogas adalah kandungan gas H2S yang dalam jumlah tertentu bersifat toksik, menyebabkan korosi pada alat biogas, menurunkan efesiensi pembakaran dan menyebabkan hujan asam. Tujuan penelitian adalah penghilangan gas H2S di dalam reaktor biogas unggun tetap menggunakan 20% KMnO4 yang diembankan ke dalam Karbon aktif tempurung kelapa sawit dikenai pra-perlakuan oksidasi menggunakan H2O2 (20%2KMnO4-KATKS- H2O2). Biogas berbahan limbah sayuran dan buah-buahan dari pasar Gamping dialirkan ke dalam reaktor unggun tetap yang berisi partikel 20%KMnO4-KATKS- H2O2 untuk diokasidasi gas H2S. Variasi pertama pada reaktor unggun tetap dialirakan H2S bercampur nitrogen pada 3 suhu yaitu 30Â°C, 40Â°C dan 50Â°C. Variasi kedua yaitu massa KMnO4 dalam reaktor biogas unggun tetap divariasikan 4 gram, 4,5 gram dan 5 gram. Hasil penelitian gas H2S di dalam reaktor unggun tetap dengan temperatur tidak dikontrol; 30Â°C; 40Â°C; 50Â°C konsentrasinya menurun secara berturut turut 98,48%; 98,7%; 98,45% dan 98,36%. Gas H2S yang konsentrasinya 20 ppm dalam reaktor biogas unggun tetap mengalami penurunan dengan variasi 4 gram, 4,5 gram dan 5 gram secara berturut-turut yaitu 70%; 85%; 90%. Penelitian ini memiliki kebaharuan yaitu material pengemban KMnO4 berupa karbon aktif tempurung kelapa sawit, menggunakan reaktor unggun tetap kontinyu dan bahan masuk berupa biogas.

Kata kunci: Biogas; Limbah buah; Gas H2S; KMnO4; KATKS; H2O2, Unggun tetap
Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Sediaan Serum Gel Ekstrak Bunga Melati (Jasminum sambac L.)
Authors: Hikmah Fitria Noor , Malahayati Siti , Nugraha Dyan Fitri 
Published: October 2023

Latar belakang: Serum memiliki konsentrasi yang tinggi tetapi dengan viskositas yang rendah. serum wajah yang memiliki kemampuan penyerapan pada kulit yang cukup baik, pelepasan dari zat aktif serum baik dan mudah untuk di aplikasikan pada wajah. bunga melati memiliki kandungan yang dapat menghambat bakteri staphylococcus epidermidis dan bakteri shigella flexneri dengan konsentrasi sebesar 12% yang merupakan salah satu bakteri yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya jerawat.
Tujuan: Mengetahui formulasi dari sediaan serum gel ekstrak bunga melati (jasminum sambac L.) yang sesuai dan mengetahui pengaruh dari variasi konsentrasi hydroxyethyl celullose terhadap evaluasi fisik formulasi sediaan serum gel ekstrak bunga melati (jasminum sambac L.)
Metode:Penelitian yang digunakan dengan metode desain quasi experimental dengan variasi konsentrasi pada hydroxyethyl celullose 1 gram ,2 gram, dan 2,5 gram. serum gel dilakukan evaluasi fisik organoleptis, homogenitas, daya sebar, waktu kering, daya lekat, ph, dan viskositas.
Hasil: Hasil pengamatan pada uji organoleptis cair kental dan pada uji homogenitas sediaan homogen. hasil uji daya sebar yang paling optimal adalah formulasi 1, waktu kering yang paling optimal formulasi 1. hasil uji daya lekat paling optimal formulasi 1, hasil uji pH yang paling optimal formula 2, dan uji viskositas semua memasuki kriteria optimal.
Kesimpulan: Serum gel ekstrak bunga melati yang paling optimal adalah formulasi 1 yaitu dengan konsetrasi 1 gram.
Associations of serum alkaline phosphatase level with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population
Authors: Yan Wei , Yan Ming , Wang Hui , Xu Zilong 
Published: October 2023

Background and aimsThere are few population studies on the associations of serum alkaline phosphatase (AlkP) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. We aimed to investigate the relevancy of serum AlkP with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population.Methods and resultsOur research included 34,147 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2014. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the associations of serum AlkP with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Mediation analysis was used to analyze mechanisms that might link serum AlkP to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. After 139.7 ± 57.8 months of follow-up, 5413 participants experienced all-cause death and 1820 participants experienced cardiovascular death. Mortality rates per 1000 person-years from various diseases increased with increasing serum concentrations of AlkP, especially all-cause death, cerebrovascular disease and cardiovascular death. High serum AlkP level significantly increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. After multivariate adjustment, the highest AlkP group had the highest risk to experience all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.30, P &lt; 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.39, P &lt; 0.001) than the lowest AlkP group. γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (13.33% and 15.79%), followed by Vitamin D (8.33% and 7.14%) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (7.69% and 10.35%) were identified as possible major mediators.ConclusionHigher AlkP concentrations were associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, largely related to mediated factors such as GGT, Vitamin D, and CRP. These findings suggest that lower serum AlkP level may reduce all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population.
Identification of biomarkers associated with immune scores in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhu Weidong , Wang Jianming , Zuo Yi 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) causes irreversible visual impairment in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Immunity played a crucial role in DR. Nevertheless, the triggering mechanism of DR was not yet thorough enough. Herein, we aim to identify the immune-associated genes as biomarkers associated with immune scores that can distinguish early DR from DM without DR.MethodsIn this study, total RNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from 15 non-proliferative DR patients and 15 DM patients without DR were collected and the transcriptome sequencing data were extracted. Firstly, the target genes were obtained by intersecting the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were screened by “limma”, and the module genes (related to immune scores), which were screened by “WGCNA”. In order to screen for the crucial genes, three machine learning algorithms were implemented, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to obtain the diagnostic genes. Moreover, the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to understand the function of diagnostic genes, and analysis of the proportions of immune cells and their association with diagnostic genes was performed to analyze the pathogenesis of DR. Furthermore, the regulatory network of TF–mRNA–miRNA was built to reveal the possible regulation of diagnostic genes. Finally, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to verify the mRNA level of diagnostic genes.ResultsA total of three immune-associated diagnostic genes, namely, FAM209B, POM121L1P, and PTGES, were obtained, and their expression was increased in PBMC samples of DR, and qRT-PCR results confirmed these results. Moreover, the functions of these genes were associated with immune response. The expression of POM121L1P and PTGES was significantly negatively associated with naive B cells, and the expression of FAM209B was significantly negatively associated with immature dendritic cells. Moreover, ESR1 could regulate both FAM209B and PTGES.ConclusionThis study identified three immune-associated diagnostic genes, FAM209B, POM121L1P, and PTGES, as biomarkers associated with immune scores in DR for the first time. This finding might proffer a novel perspective of the triggering mechanism of DR, and help to understand the role of immune-associated genes in the molecular mechanism of DR more deeply.
Gamma-glutamyl transferase to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is a more powerful marker than TyG index for predicting metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gong Shijun , Gan Shenglian , Zhang YuHua , Zhou HaiFeng , Zhou Quan 
Published: October 2023

PurposeThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing globally and has become a global and national public health problem that cannot be ignored as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events, cancer and all-cause mortality. γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress. This study was designed to explore the relationship and predictive performance between γ-glutamyl transferase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (GGT/HDL-C) and MetS.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. MetS was diagnosed from biochemical and anthropometric data in subjects with T2DM. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyses the relationship between GGT/HDL-C ratio, TyG index and HOMA-IR and MetS in subjects with T2DM. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and the areas under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the ability of these indexes in screening MetS in subjects with T2DM. Statistical differences between the AUC values of these indexes were compared. In addition, we performed subgroup analyses and interactions.Results769 (70.55%) patients with T2DM were defined as having MetS. patients with MetS had higher anthropometric values and biochemical indicators compared to those without MetS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of GGT/HDL-C ratio was an independent risk factor for MetS (Per 1 SD increase, OR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.51, 4.10). According to ROC curve analysis, the value of GGT/HDL-C ratio in predicting MetS in subjects with T2DM was superior to that of TyG index and HOMA-IR. The best cut-off value for GGT/HDL-C prediction was 19.94.ConclusionsGGT/HDL-C ratio may be an important predictor of MetS in subjects with T2DM, and its predictive power is stronger than that of TyG index and HOMA-IR. The risk of MetS in subjects with T2DM is increased in the presence of a higher GGT/HDL-C ratio.
Inguinal draining-lymph node in 18F-FDG PET/CT images could be a new indicator for the diagnosis of fracture-related infection in the lower extremities
Authors: Wang Yanbing , Sun Zhenkui , Liang Xiao , Shen Chentian 
Published: October 2023

PurposeThe imaging diagnosis of fracture-related infection is often challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for the diagnosis of fracture-related infection (FRI) with internal fixation after orthopedic surgery in lower extremities.MethodsA total of 254 consecutive patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scans with suspected FRI with internal fixation in lower extremities were retrospectively investigated 18F-FDG PET/CT images were semiquantitatively evaluated with multiple metabolic parameters. Additionally, morphological information of the inguinal draining lymph nodes (DLN) with the highest SUV value was also collected and analyzed.ResultsPatients were divided into two groups according to final diagnosis: the infected (N=197) and the non-infected group (N=57). The differences in the inguinal DLN-related parameters, including the long diameter, short diameter, maximum cross-sectional area, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic volume (MV) 60%, MV70%, MV80%, total lesional glycolysis (TLG) 60%, TLG70%, TLG80%, and the infection suspected area related parameters, including SUVmax, MV25%, MV30%, MV35%, MV40%, MV50%, and TLG70%, between the two groups were statistically significant. We then compared the highest area under the curves (AUCs) among the morphological parameters of DLN, metabolic parameters of DLN, and metabolic parameters of the suspected infection area. The result demonstrated that SUVmax of the inguinal DLN showed the best diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.939 (P&lt;0.05).ConclusionSemiquantitative analysis (especially SUVmax) of the inguinal DLN in 18F-FDG PET/CT images could be a promising method for the diagnosis of suspected FRI with internal fixation after orthopedic surgery in lower extremities.
Altered sphingolipid pathway in SARS-CoV-2 infected human lung tissue
Authors: Khan Rabisa J. , Single Sierra L. , Simmons Christopher S. , Athar Mohammad , Liu Yuelong , Bodduluri Sandeep , Benson Paul V. , Goliwas Kayla F. , Deshane Jessy S. 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionThe SARS-CoV-2 mediated COVID-19 pandemic has impacted millions worldwide. Hyper-inflammatory processes, including cytokine storm, contribute to long-standing tissue injury and damage in COVID-19. The metabolism of sphingolipids as regulators of cell survival, differentiation, and proliferation has been implicated in inflammatory signaling and cytokine responses. Sphingosine-kinase-1 (SK1) and ceramide-synthase-2 (CERS2) generate metabolites that regulate the anti- and pro-apoptotic processes, respectively. Alterations in SK1 and CERS2 expression may contribute to the inflammation and tissue damage during COVID-19. The central objective of this study is to evaluate structural changes in the lung post-SARS-CoV-2 infection and to investigate whether the sphingolipid rheostat is altered in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.MethodsCentral and peripheral lung tissues from COVID-19+ or control autopsies and resected lung tissue from COVID-19 convalescents were subjected to histologic evaluation of airspace and collagen deposisiton, and immunohistochemical evaluation of SK1 and CERS2.ResultsHere, we report significant reduction in air space and increase in collagen deposition in lung autopsy tissues from patients who died from COVID-19 (COVID-19+) and COVID-19 convalescent individuals. SK1 expression increased in the lungs of COVID-19+ autopsies and COVID-19 convalescent lung tissue compared to controls and was mostly associated with Type II pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages. No significant difference in CERS2 expression was noted. SARS-CoV-2 infection upregulates SK1 and increases the ratio of SK1 to CERS2 expression in lung tissues of COVID-19 autopsies and COVID-19 convalescents.DiscussionThese data suggest an alteration in the sphingolipid rheostat in lung tissue during COVID-19, suggesting a potential contribution to the inflammation and tissue damage associated with viral infection.
Intracellular Salmonella delivery of an exogenous immunization antigen refocuses CD8 T cells against cancer cells, eliminates pancreatic tumors and forms antitumor immunity
Authors: Raman Vishnu , Howell Lars M. , Bloom Shoshana M. K. , Hall Christopher L. , Wetherby Victoria E. , Minter Lisa M. , Kulkarni Ashish A. , Forbes Neil S. 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionImmunotherapies have shown great promise, but are not effective for all tumors types and are effective in less than 3% of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). To make an immune treatment that is effective for more cancer patients and those with PDAC specifically, we genetically engineered Salmonella to deliver exogenous antigens directly into the cytoplasm of tumor cells. We hypothesized that intracellular delivery of an exogenous immunization antigen would activate antigen-specific CD8 T cells and reduce tumors in immunized mice.MethodsTo test this hypothesis, we administered intracellular delivering (ID) Salmonella that deliver ovalbumin as a model antigen into tumor-bearing, ovalbumin-vaccinated mice. ID Salmonella delivers antigens by autonomously lysing in cells after the induction of cell invasion.ResultsWe showed that the delivered ovalbumin disperses throughout the cytoplasm of cells in culture and in tumors. This delivery into the cytoplasm is essential for antigen cross-presentation. We showed that co-culture of ovalbumin-recipient cancer cells with ovalbumin-specific CD8 T cells triggered a cytotoxic T cell response. After the adoptive transfer of OT-I CD8 T cells, intracellular delivery of ovalbumin reduced tumor growth and eliminated tumors. This effect was dependent on the presence of the ovalbumin-specific T cells. Following vaccination with the exogenous antigen in mice, intracellular delivery of the antigen cleared 43% of established KPC pancreatic tumors, increased survival, and prevented tumor re-implantation.DiscussionThis response in the immunosuppressive KPC model demonstrates the potential to treat tumors that do not respond to checkpoint inhibitors, and the response to re-challenge indicates that new immunity was established against intrinsic tumor antigens. In the clinic, ID Salmonella could be used to deliver a protein antigen from a childhood immunization to refocus pre-existing T cell immunity against tumors. As an off-the-shelf immunotherapy, this bacterial system has the potential to be effective in a broad range of cancer patients.
Dual trigger for final oocyte maturation in expected normal responders with a high immature oocyte rate: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yan Meng-Han , Sun Zhen-Gao , Song Jing-Yan 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether dual trigger could improve reproductive outcomes in women with low oocyte maturation rates compare to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trigger.MethodsThis study included expected normal ovarian responders younger than 40 years old whose immature oocyte rate in the previous cycle was more than 50% at the reproductive center from July 2021 to November 2022. A total of 73 patients were enrolled at trigger, including 34 in the hCG trigger group and 39 in the dual trigger group (co-administration of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and hCG, 40 and 34 h prior to oocyte retrieval, respectively). The primary outcome was oocyte maturation rate.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the number of oocytes retrieved between the two study groups, but the oocyte maturation rate was higher in dual trigger group (84.0% [14.0%] vs. 55.5% [19.8%], p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, there were also higher cumulative pregnancy rate (69.4% vs. 40.0%, p = 0.035) and cumulative live birth rate (66.7% vs. 36.0%, p = 0.022) in dual trigger group.ConclusionFor normal responders with low oocyte maturation rates, the dual trigger may be more effective than the conventional hCG trigger.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier ChiCTR2100049292.