bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractal‐fractional analysis and numerical simulation for the heat transfer of ZnO + Al2O3 + TiO2/DW based ternary hybrid nanofluid
Authors: Murtaza Saqib , Kumam Poom , Sutthibutpong Thana , Suttiarporn Panawan , Srisurat Thanarak , Ahmad Zubair 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNanofluids are used to achieve maximum thermal performance with the smallest concentration of nanoparticles and stable suspension in conventional fluids. The effectiveness of nanofluids in convection processes is significantly influenced by their increased thermophysical characteristics. However, this technology is not ended here; binary and ternary nanofluids are now used to improve the efficiency of regular fluids. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the natural convection Newtonian ternary nanofluid flow in a vertical channel. The tri‐hybridized nanoparticles of zinc oxide ZnO, Aluminum oxide Al2O3, and titanium oxide TiO2 is dissolved in base fluid distilled water (DW) to form a homogenous suspension. The impact of thermal radiation, joule heating, and viscous dissipation are also assumed. The classical Newtonian ternary nanofluid model has been generalized by using fractal‐fractional derivative (FFD) operator. The generalized model has been discretized by using the Crank–Nicolson scheme and then solved by using computational software. To analyze the behavior of fluid flow and heat distribution in fluid, the obtained solution was computed numerically and then plotted in response to different physical parameters. It is noted from the figure that when the volume fraction ϕ reaches to 0.04 (4% of the base fluid), the ternary nanofluid flow shows a significant amount of enhancement in heat transfer rate as compared to binary and unary nanofluid flows. This enhancement in the rate of heat transfer leads to improve the thermophysical characteristics such as viscosity, thermal expansion, and heat capacity etc. of the base fluid. It is also worth mentioning here that the thermal field is also enhance with the higher values of Eckert number , radiation parameter , and joule heating parameter .
Innovation and Smart Cities Research: A Review and Future Directions
Authors: Ramdani Boumediene , Kawalek Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter aims to review existing evidence and map research on innovation in smart cities. Based on data from 822 articles and chapters, bibliometric analyses were performed to capture descriptive statistics and key themes of this field of research. The results of our descriptive analysis show that interest in this field of research is increasing, and substantial contributions have been made in the past 12 years. Moreover, the results from co-citation analysis show that innovation in smart city research is grounded in four clusters: open, urban, sustainable, and digital innovation. Key contributions within each theme will be discussed, and future research opportunities will be highlighted.
Smart Green Planning for Urban Environments: The City Digital Twin of Imola
Authors: Gholami Mansoureh , Torreggiani Daniele , Barbaresi Alberto , Tassinari Patrizia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUrban green spaces are significant in adjusting the urban microclimate. Street trees are the most influential type of urban vegetation in reducing heat stress. However, simulating trees’ 3D models, wind flow, surface temperature, and radiation parameters in complex urban settings and producing high-resolution microclimate maps is often time-consuming and requires extensive computing processes. Therefore, efficient approaches are needed to visualize green scenarios for the future development of the cities. Smart green planning of Imola aims at developing a microclimate digital twin for the city that provides complementary and supportive roles in the collection and processing of micrometeorological data, automates microclimate modeling, and represents climatic interactions virtually. This chapter sets out to explore the smart green planning of Imola in two parts. The first part is focused on the potential and intentions of developing the urban microclimate digital twin for the city of Imola and its conceptual framework. The second part aims at testing and evaluating the applicability of the proposed microclimate digital twin by implementing it in the city of Imola. This digital twin can provide urban planners and policymakers with a precise and useful methodology for real-time simulation of the cooling effects of the trees and other green systems on urban-scale, pedestrian-level thermal comfort, and also a guarantee for the functionality of policies in different urban settings.
MUST-B: A Multiagent Model to Address the Future Challenges of Sustainable Urban Development
Authors: Zerguini Seghir , Gaussier Nathalie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter presents the MUST-B model based on a systemic modeling that aims to address some of the future challenges of the smart cities. MUST-B stands for “Integrated Modeling of Land-Use – Transport for application in the Bordeaux agglomeration” and is funded by the Region Nouvelle Aquitaine. MUST-B is based on systemic land-use/transport modeling about how the land and property markets operate, and the interdependent factors for selecting the locations of households and employment. MUST-B is an agent-oriented model which simulates household and job location choices. It is based on an auction mechanism that models competition between agents in the real estate market (existing property holdings, including residential, industrial, and tertiary) and in the land property market (from buildable land reserves) over a given timeframe. This auction procedure is based on maximizing the utility provided to the agent by a given location: housing for a household and an area for business activity for employment premises. Utility is a function of several characteristics relating to the space and premises occupied, such as accessibility, surface area, energy quality of the building, notoriety, agglomeration effects and taxes, or property prices, the latter being endogenous. In this chapter, the mechanisms and functioning of the land property and real estate markets, which prevail in MUST-B, are presented. Methodological choices and behavioral guidelines for agents (households/workplaces) are also set out.
A Systematic Literature Review on Station Area Integrating Micromobility in Europe: A Twenty-First Century Transit-Oriented Development
Authors: Moinse Dylan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe increasing popularity of the bicycle, coupled with the emerging new micromobility solutions, such as personal electric micro-vehicles or sharing systems, calls for renewed attention to the smart urban and transport planning strategy advocated by the conventional Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) model. These personal and shared mobility devices constitute an opportunity to enhance accessibility to the public transport network, leading to a TOD vision revisited by the contribution of individual light modes. Given the relatively recent and extensive documentation related to micromobility and public transport integration, a systematic literature review was undertaken to reflect the state of research literature on the redefinition of the TOD perimeter by micromobility, with a focus on the European context. Nineteen of the 3955 articles recorded met the inclusion criteria specified in the methodology protocol. The analyzed papers clearly highlight TOD boundaries extended to about 3 km, suggesting the redistribution of variables toward residential and cycling-friendly areas beyond the first walking kilometer. This chapter uncovers gaps in existing academic literature, with the near absence of Eastern and Southern Europe case studies, innovative micromobility options such as private or shared electric bikes and scooters, impact assessment on neighborhoods, and the application of qualitative research methods.
Evaluating the Benefits of Promoting Intermodality and Active Modes in Urban Transportation: A Microsimulation Approach
Authors: Bennaya Souhir , Kilani Moez 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe objective of this chapter is to show how microsimulation can be used to study urban transportation problems, in particular those issues related to sustainable transport and innovations. A theoretical, though representative, geometry of an urban area with a set of concentric and radial roads is considered for the analysis. Microsimulation, which provides a precise description of traffic flows, is used to draw a detailed accounting of emissions of pollutant gases and fuel consumption. In the base-case situation, the private car is the main transport mode. We then consider alternative scenarios where users are allowed to switch to public transportation or biking. A combination of walking, biking, and public transportation is also allowed. Under this intermodal setting, we find that congestion level, fuel consumption, and emissions of pollutant gases decrease significantly (up to 30%).
Smart Cities Initiatives and Perspectives in the MENA Region and Saudi Arabia
Authors: Belaïd Fateh , Amine Razan , Massie Camille 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the evolution of smart cities in developing countries. It starts by mapping the definitions and evolutions of smart cities concepts. Then it outlines the progress and current practices that emerging economies, in general, have achieved in their transition towards smart cities and the significant key challenges and takeaways that can be acquired so far. It analyses what could have been done better and what factors are still missing in smoothening this transition. Furthermore, it zooms into the smart city initiatives in Saudi Arabia to better extract lessons learned and the way to move forward. The analysis suggests measures that each actor can take: the public, private and international sides to further smoothen the transition to address the rising challenges of urbanization in emerging economies.
Smart Transportation Systems in Smart Cities: Practices, Challenges, and Opportunities for Saudi Cities
Authors: Anwar A. H. M. Mehbub , Oakil Abu Toasin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSmart transportation is an approach that incorporates modern technologies into transportation systems to improve the efficiency of urban mobility. Cities worldwide call digital technologies to harness their development to address potential challenges and concerns, which provoke technology-driven practices in urban context. Big data and technologies now offer tools, techniques, and information that can improve how cities function. Consequently, urban process and practices are becoming highly responsive to a form of technology-driven urbanism, that is the key mode of production for smart urban development. This furnishes the prospect of building models of smart sustainable cities performing in real time from routinely available data. This in turn allows to monitor, understand, analyze, and plan such cities to improve their urban efficiency and promotes new urban intelligence functions as an advanced form of decision support. Although technology-driven approach to transport analysis and management is emerging as smart city principle, the application is limited in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This chapter investigates the potentials and the role of technology-driven solutions in improving and advancing urban transport management in the context of smart cities. It also explores the relevant practices as well as potentials in smart urban development context for Saudi cities. Our approach of technology-driven urban management will envision cities as a complex social and technological ecosystem and build on lessons learned from the research at city level and conceptualizes actors and institutions in a technology-driven urban management for Saudi cities toward achieving liveable smart city.
Smart Cities from an Indian Perspective: Evolving Ambitions
Authors: Bhatt Yagyavalk , Roychoudhury Jitendra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIndian urban infrastructure is in the middle of a massive build-up. For several decades, Indian cities were caught between the demands of an exploding population and the need to provide infrastructure in terms of health, education, transport, and services to meet the core needs of the citizenry. With increasing prosperity and leveraging the strengths of one of the world’s largest and fast-growing economies, Indian policymakers seek to correct their previous underinvestment in city infrastructure. Smart City Mission, Swachh Bharat Mission, and Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation are some of the policy vehicles planned for a broad transformation of India’s urban agenda. This chapter highlights some of the policy initiatives focused on meeting the objectives of Smart Cities. These policy initiatives are expected to help address the current service delivery gap from an urban infrastructure standpoint. By incorporating technology, improving digital access, innovations in traffic management, investments in mobility solutions, and ensuring that the heritage of the Indian cities is maintained, India seeks to answer the challenge of urbanization of millions. These policy mechanisms and the lessons from their successes and failures constitute this chapter’s core. Indian urban infrastructure developments are unique globally, primarily because of the varying range of urbanization across the country, the contextual rationale and the evolving aspirations of the policymakers, and the devolution of developmental powers to local bodies. The Indian experience of implementing the Smart Cities objectives would be unique in the world, given the scale of the massive investments and the millions of citizens whose lives are impacted.
Financing of Smart City Projects
Authors: Shahrour Isam 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter deals with financing smart city projects, which generally constitutes a significant barrier to smart city transformation. The chapter is organized into four sections. The first section presents the emergence and evolution of the smart city concept, and then it discusses the barriers facing this concept with an emphasis on financing smart city projects. The second section highlights the city challenges and the need for a smart city transformation to respond to citizens’ demand for modernized services and the legally binding international treaties on climate change. The third presents the smart city concept with an emphasis on the capacity of the city to address city challenges and the architecture of the smart city system. The last section describes the need and financing for the main sectors of the smart city: communication infrastructures, data infrastructures, public infrastructures and services, and private infrastructures and services. The chapter shows that considering city challenges and the city’s role in global challenges, smart city transformation becomes a must. Smart city financing could be covered by regional and green funds, savings related to reducing energy consumption, and increased competitiveness gained by digital transformation.
Smart Cities: Development and Benefits
Authors: Amine Razan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWith rapidly increasing urbanization, new ways of living and policies are racing to catch the train of modernization while meeting the changing demands of growing populations. Following the introduction, the second part of this chapter describes the pillars of smart cities as a response to growing worldwide urbanization. The third part details benefits across areas, including economic, demographic, environmental, social, and health. The fourth part sheds light on the nature of governance required for this transition into intelligent and interconnected cities. However, on the path of transition, governments face significant challenges—outlined in part fifth. Finally, given the great need for data-driven policy, the final section suggests ways of smart data collection that meet the standards of research and governance in smart cities. The last part concludes.
Cities: The New Form of International Environmental Governance
Authors: El Mir Jamila 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTraditionally, international environmental agreements have taken the form of national bilateral or multilateral commitments made by the national governments of the respective parties. With the increased urbanization that happened in the twentieth century, the world has seen a growing number of collaborations happening at the city level between local governments. This movement began in the early 1900s and grew considerably in number starting in the 1990s, reflecting the growing prominence of cities as global actors in environmental action and sustainability transitions. This chapter examines the different dynamics cities apply with their host national governments and international organizations. It covers the key tools within their hands that empower them to become global actors. The chapter then explores the key blind spots cities display as global actors, highlighting the limitations that they face in acting as a parallel platform for international environmental governance.
Back to the Future: Tapping into Ancient Knowledge Toward Human-Centered Sustainable Smart Cities
Authors: Petrucci Anna Laura 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTerms such as resilient, smart, and sustainable are often used as synonyms in defining future cities. While pointing out specific features and objectives, the implementation of each one of the concepts cannot exist if not implying the other two. A city cannot be resilient if not based on a wide range of sustainability concepts and principles of smart growth and social engagement. It cannot be smart without considering long-term perspectives and adaptability; it cannot, finally, be sustainable if not observing resilience and smart approaches to design and infrastructures. What is worth highlighting here, is how, on smart cities, academic and technical literature mainly focuses on technology, while omitting the traditional urban requirements of sustainability, resilience, and quality of life. Smart cities are cities first; are social built environments, where advanced technologies provide smart data collection and delivery to offer their inhabitants a better quality of life, and before that, offering livable physical solutions enabling social and facilitating interaction. In a metaphor, public space is the hardware, where technological software can be applied; public space is the platform where data exchange is made possible.
Environmental Retrofitting, Fighting Urban Heat Island Toward NEZ Sustainable Smart Cities
Authors: Petrucci Anna Laura 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe discovery of the physical phenomenon of heat island dates back to 1833 when Luke Howard undertakes on the air temperature in London and its surroundings. His research showed how, already at that time, winds get stopped and pulled up by the intensive urbanization, reducing the quality of the outdoor environment while turning cold into warmer areas within the urban settlements (Mills 2008). The last centuries confirmed how intense urbanization can make the temperature rise to several degrees, activating a vicious circle where car and energy use become more necessary, and co-cause for further temperature arise. No doubt, cities are—literally—heat islands if compared to their surroundings. The crescent environmental stress is the main challenge while targeting quality of life in today’s urbanization, in order to enable the public space to welcome citizens and encourage their outdoor activities. It requires a consistent commitment to the built environment and the awareness of the main role of public space as an interactive platform for a sustainable and human-centered smart city. As matter of fact, it is the public space where social life shapes and grows. The public space was often defined as the smart city's interface. So, smart cities need to generate and maintain a welcoming, healthy, livable, vibrant public space to have a reason to be. The scope of smart cities is to create a space first, the infrastructure to strengthen the connections among people and between people to the place. (Petrucci 2022) Cities worldwide must respond to a growing and diverse population, ever-shifting economic conditions, new technologies, and a changing climate. The task becomes especially challenging in extreme climate environments, such as in the Far East, in the African continent, or in the GCCs, which are also the countries where the most extensive urbanizations are taking place. Both intense urbanization growth and extreme weather conditions make here mandatory, more than everywhere else, an integrated strategy to achieve livable and sustainable cities through the fight against the urban heat island.
Echo from Noise: Synthetic Ultrasound Image Generation Using Diffusion Models for Real Image Segmentation
Authors: Stojanovski David , Hermida Uxio , Lamata Pablo , Beqiri Arian , Gomez Alberto 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe propose a novel pipeline for the generation of synthetic ultrasound images via Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs) guided by cardiac semantic label maps. We show that these synthetic images can serve as a viable substitute for real data in the training of deep-learning models for ultrasound image analysis tasks such as cardiac segmentation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, we generated synthetic 2D echocardiograms and trained a neural network for segmenting the left ventricle and left atrium. The performance of the network trained on exclusively synthetic images was evaluated on an unseen dataset of real images and yielded mean Dice scores of $$88.6 \pm 4.91$$

88.6
±
4.91

, $$91.9 \pm 4.22$$

91.9
±
4.22

, $$85.2 \pm 4.83$$

85.2
±
4.83

% for left ventricular endocardium, epicardium and left atrial segmentation respectively. This represents a relative increase of 9.2, 3.3 and 13.9% in Dice scores compared to the previous state-of-the-art. The proposed pipeline has potential for application to a wide range of other tasks across various medical imaging modalities.
Teachers’ Knowledge in Informatics—Exploring Educational Robotics Resources Through the Lens of Textual Data Analysis
Authors: Parriaux Gabriel , Reffay Christophe , Drot-Delange Béatrice , Khaneboubi Mehdi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this research, we are interested in the knowledge of primary and secondary teachers to teach informatics. Using pedagogical resources produced by them as a trace of their enacted Pedagogical Content Knowledge (ePCK), we perform Textual Data Analysis and Clustering to discover the topics they write about. Focusing on resources in educational robotics, we show that lexicon used by teachers is different depending on the robot they use. Reinert’s clustering associates each robot with a separate cluster and a specific vocabulary. Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) shows an opposition between lexicon found in resources using event-driven robots (Thymio and Ozobot) and in resources using sequential robots (Beebot and Bluebot). Event-driven robots tend to be more related with events and behavior notions, as sequential robots tend to be more related with first manipulations of an object and programming notions.