bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin: Decisions and costs
Authors: Barton Leslie L. , Grant Kathryn L. , Lemen Richard J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA decision analysis was used to evaluate the economic effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin (RSVIG) prophylaxis on selected pediatric populations at risk for developing RSV bronchiolitis or all respiratory illness‐related hospitalizations. We compared costs, outcomes, and cost‐effectiveness of administering RSVIG to no treatment in different pediatric populations, including those at risk of developing RSV‐bronchiolitis and those at risk of developing any respiratory illness‐related hospitalization.We observed that if only infants at high risk of severe RSV infections received treatment with RSVIG, a calculated cost saving of about $27,000 per hospitalization prevented were realized. If the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved indications for RSVIG were followed, the cost to prevent one hospitalization due to RSV bronchiolitis would be over $53,000. If the aim, however, was to prevent all respiratory illness‐related hospitalizations for this broader population, a much lower cost ($4,000) to prevent one hospitalization would result. In this situation, cost neutrality was possible, with a therapy cost of $2,843 compared to the actual average therapy cost of $4,444. Sensitivity analysis showed that the model was relatively insensitive to all variables, with the exceptions of costs related to RSVIG and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions.We conclude that RSVIG resulted in cost savings if therapy were reserved for the infants who are at highest risk for developing severe RSV infections. RSVIG is not cost‐effective for preventing RSV bronchiolitis when used according to the FDA‐approved indications. Education that emphasizes frequent hand‐washing, avoidance of passive smoking, and lessening exposure to sick children remains the least expensive prevention tool. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32:20–28. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Work of breathing associated with pressure support ventilation in two different ventilators*†
Authors: Sanders Ronald C. , Thurman Tracy L. , Holt Shirley J. , Taft Kathleen , Heulitt Mark J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the work of breathing during pressure support ventilation (PSV) with positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) utilizing the Siemens SV300® (SV300) and Dräger Evita 4® (EV4) ventilators. Our hypothesis was that patients' work of breathing (WOBP) would be unchanged in PSV utilizing flow triggering (FT) in both the SV300® and EV4®. We compared two ventilators using six healthy, intubated, sedated, spontaneously breathing pigs weighing approximately 10 kg each. WOBP (j/L) and ventilator work of breathing (WOBV) (j/L) were measured using a portable monitor which utilizes an esophageal balloon and flow transducer. Each breath was further analyzed for duration of inspiratory effort and negative deflection of pressure needed to trigger PSV. Animals were studied with the SV300® and EV4® on a pressure support of 5 cmH2O and PEEP settings of 0 and 5 cmH2O. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test with significance set at P ≤ 0.05WOBP was 90% (PS 5, PEEP 0) and 52% (PS 5, PEEP 5) lower on the SV300® compared to the EV4®. WOBV was 94% (PS 5, PEEP 0) and 39% (PS 5, PEEP 5) higher on the SV300® when compared to the EV4®. The change in airway pressure (delta p) from baseline and most negative deflection of pressure were greater with the EV4® as compared to the SV300®, although delta pressure was not found to be statistically significant on PS of 5 cmH2O and PEEP of 5 cmH2O. The SV300® also had shorter duration of inspiratory effort from initiation of breath to most negative deflection of pressure and to maximum flow than the EV4®.In conclusion, these results suggest there are significant differences in WOBP between the SV300® and EV4® ventilators. Response time of the ventilators may explain the differences in duration of inspiratory effort and the patient's work of breathing and thus may have an impact on weaning time for ventilated patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32:62–70. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Airway in the oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum: Two cases and a review of the literature
Authors: McCarthy Vincent P. , Zimo Deborah A. , Lucas Melinda A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo patients with oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral syndrome and multiple airway anomalies are presented. Both patients had esophageal atresia with a distal tracheoesophageal fistula and tracheomalacia due to innominate artery compression. Pulmonary hypoplasia, obstructive sleep apnea, and a laryngeal anomaly were also noted. The literature of airway anomalies and obstructive sleep apnea described in association with the oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum is reviewed. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32:250–256. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Corticosteroid therapy reversed progressive chronic granulomatous lung disease following deterioration on interferon‐γ treatment
Authors: Halamish Ariel , Klar Aharon , Shoseyov David , Blinder George , Hurvitz H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe describe a patient who suffered from chronic progressive granulomatous lung disease. He had no clinical or microbiological evidence of infection. After failure of treatment with interferon‐γ and trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole, he responded dramatically to corticosteroids. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32:257–260. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calcium, dairy products, and the risk of prostate cancer
Authors: Tavani Alessandra , Gallus Silvano , Franceschi Silvia , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDCalcium intake has been suggested to play a role in the etiology of prostate cancer, since it is inversely related to vitamin D levels, which, in turn, would have an antiproliferative effect on human cancer cell lines. The hypothesis that high calcium and low vitamin D levels are associated with prostate cancer risk, however, remains unconvincingly demonstrated.METHODSThis relation was investigated in a case—control study of prostate cancer conducted in Northern Italy between 1985 and 1992 on 288 cases and 762 controls admitted to hospital for acute non‐neoplastic diseases.RESULTSNo significant relation was found for calcium intake: compared to the lowest quintile of intake, the multivariate odds ratios (OR) of prostatic cancer, after adjusting for age, study center, education, body mass index, and meat intake, for increasing intake quintiles were 1.21, 0.68, 0.64, 1.12, with no trend in risk. The OR was 0.99 for an increment of 500 mg per day of calcium. The risk estimates were consistent in two strata of age (<65 and ≥65 years at diagnosis).CONCLUSIONSOur results do not support an association between calcium and the risk of prostate cancer. However, the present study cannot address the effect of calcium in the ranges where an increased risk of prostate cancer has been noted previously, and with specific reference to advanced disease. Prostate 48:118–121, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of preoperative serum PSA level from 0 to 10 ng/ml on pathological findings and disease‐free survival after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Shekarriz Bijan , Upadhyay Jyoti , Bianco Fernando J. , Tefilli Marcos V. , Tiguert Rabi , Gheiler Edward L. , Grignon David J. , Pontes J. Edson , Wood David P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the impact of various preoperative serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in the range from 0.1 to 10 ng/ml on pathological stage and disease‐free survival after radical prostatectomy.MethodsWe selected a cohort of 585 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1991–1996 for clinically localized prostate cancer and presented with preoperative serum PSA levels from 0.1 to 10 ng/ml.ResultsPathological organ‐confined disease was present in 57.6% of patients. The rate of organ‐confined disease decreased from an average of 85% for patients with a PSA value < 2 ng/ml, to 46.8% for patients with a PSA value > 7 ng/ml. We found statistically significant correlations between preoperative serum PSA level and overall pathological stage (P = 0.001), pathologically organ‐confined disease (P = 0.001), margin positive rates (P = 0.001), extra prostatic extension (P = 0.001), and seminal vesicle invasion (P = 0.001). The overall disease‐free survival rate was 87%, with a median follow up of 42.4 months. Disease free survival was significantly better for patients with PSA up to 4 ng/ml (P = 0.005).ConclusionsOur data suggests that PSA detection programs should strive to detect prostate cancer in men before the PSA level rises above 7 ng/ml. In addition, since patients with a PSA level < 4 ng/ml had better disease‐free survival rates than those with a PSA level between 4.1–10 ng/ml, eliminating an arbitrary cutoff of 4 ng/ml, may lead to improved disease‐free survival. Prostate 48:136–143, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth of heterotopic LNCaP prostate cancer tumor in nude mice is not affected by dietary calcium
Authors: Balaji K.C. , Huryk R.F. , Verhulst S. , Fair W.R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe attempted to provide experimental evidence linking increased dietary calcium to progression of prostate cancer, as suggested by some epidemiological studies, using a heterotopic prostate cancer nude mice model.METHODSTwenty heterotopic LNCaP prostate cancer tumor bearing nude mice were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: (I) high fat/low calcium diet, (II) high fat and high calcium diet, (III) high fat diet fortified with Vitamin D3, and (IV) high fat and high calcium diet fortified with Vitamin D3. In addition to weekly animal weights and tumor size measurements, the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), 25‐hydroxy Vitamin D3, calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin (to account for bound calcium) [1], and serum alkaline phosphatase (a measure of bone loss) [2] were determined at the termination of experiments.RESULTSAlthough the serum calcium and 25‐hydroxy Vitamin D3 were significantly higher in groups III and IV compared to groups I and II (P < 0.05), there was no significant difference between the tumor growth rates, final tumor weights (P = 0.9), and the serum PSA levels (P = 0.94) between the four groups.CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that dietary calcium does not significantly affect the growth of heterotopic LNCaP prostate cancer in nude mice. Prostate 48:265–273, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of an EGF‐R selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor and an anti‐androgen on LNCaP cells: Identification of divergent growth regulatory pathways
Authors: Jones Helen E. , Barrow Denise , Dutkowski Carol M. , Goddard Lindy , Smith Christopher , Harper Maureen E. , Nicholson Robert I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of an EGF‐R selective tyrosine kinase (EGF‐RTK) quinazoline inhibitor ZM252868 was determined on the androgen‐sensitive human prostatic tumour cell line LNCaP, which can also respond via the EGF‐R‐regulated growth pathway for cell proliferation. Potential interaction or ‘cross‐talk’ between steroid and the growth factor mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway was also investigated.METHODSThe responses of LNCaP cells to various growth factors in the absence and presence of the EGF‐RTK inhibitor and/or steroid and anti‐androgen Casodex, was determined using cell population analysis. The effect of the inhibitor on the expression of androgen receptor, EGF‐R and activated MAPK was assessed immunocytochemically and changes in the MAPK signalling cascade were also determined using Western blotting techniques.RESULTSThe ZM252868 inhibitor had no effect on LNCaP basal growth. At 100 nM and 1 μM concentrations, the inhibitor reduced the marked EGF‐ and TGF‐α‐stimulated LNCaP cell growth by 60% and to basal levels, respectively. Both bFGF‐ and 5α‐DHT‐stimulated growth were unaffected in this concentration range. The inhibitor (1 μM) decreased the expression of immunoreactive EGF‐R but had no effect on androgen receptor levels. Activation of MAPK by EGF was noted, being down‐regulated by the inhibitor at a concentration of 1 μM. MAPK was not activated by 5α‐DHT. The anti‐androgen Casodex reduced 5α‐DHT‐stimulated cell growth but had no effect on EGF‐R mediated LNCaP growth or EGF‐stimulated activated MAPK activity. Treatment with EGF and 5α‐DHT in combination produced an additive effect on cell proliferation, with the anti‐androgen and the EGF‐RTK inhibitor only reducing the 5α‐DHT‐ or EGF‐stimulated portion of growth, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe study demonstrated the efficacy and selectivity of the ZM252868 inhibitor in inhibiting EGF‐R mediated LNCaP cell growth. Additionally, no interaction between androgen and EGF‐R mediated growth pathways was determined. Prostate 49:38–47, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Model of three‐dimensional structure of vitamin D receptor and its binding mechanism with 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3
Authors: Rotkiewicz Piotr , Sicinska Wanda , Kolinski Andrzej , DeLuca Hector F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractComparative modeling of the vitamin D receptor three‐dimensional structure and computational docking of 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 into the putative binding pocket of the two deletion mutant receptors: (207–423) and (120–422, Δ [164–207]) are reported and evaluated in the context of extensive mutagenic analysis and crystal structure of holo hVDR deletion protein published recently. The obtained molecular model agrees well with the experimentally determined structure. Six different conformers of 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 were used to study flexible docking to the receptor. On the basis of values of conformational energy of various complexes and their consistency with functional activity, it appears that 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 binds the receptor in its 6‐s‐trans form. The two lowest energy complexes obtained from docking the hormone into the deletion protein (207–423) differ in conformation of ring A and orientation of the ligand molecule in the VDR pocket. 1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 possessing the A‐ring conformation with axially oriented 1α‐hydroxy group binds receptor with its 25‐hydroxy substituent oriented toward the center of the receptor cavity, whereas ligand possessing equatorial conformation of 1α‐hydroxy enters the pocket with A ring directed inward. The latter conformation and orientation of the ligand is consistent with the crystal structure of hVDR deletion mutant (118–425, Δ [165–215]). The lattice model of rVDR (120–422, Δ [164–207]) shows excellent agreement with the crystal structure of the hVDR mutant. The complex obtained from docking the hormone into the receptor has lower energy than complexes for which homology modeling was used. Thus, a simple model of vitamin D receptor with the first two helices deleted can be potentially useful for designing a general structure of ligand, whereas the advanced lattice model is suitable for examining binding sites in the pocket. Proteins 2001;44:188–199. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computer modeling and molecular dynamics simulations of ligand bound complexes of bovine angiogenin: Dinucleotide topology at the active site of RNase a family proteins
Authors: Madhusudhan M.S. , Sanjeev B.S. , Vishveshwara S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have undertaken the modeling of substrate‐bound structures of angiogenin. In our recent study, we modeled the dinucleotide ligand binding to human angiogenin. In the present study, the substrates CpG, UpG, and CpA were docked onto bovine angiogenin. This was achieved by overcoming the problem of an obstruction to the B1 site by the C‐terminus and identifying residues that bind to the second base. The modeled complexes retain biochemically important interactions. The docked models were subjected to 1 ns of molecular dynamics, and structures from the simulation were refined by using simulated annealing. Our models explained the enzyme's specificity for both B1 and B2 bases as observed experimentally. The nature of binding of the dinucleotide substrate was compared with that of the mononucleotide product. The models of these complexes were also compared with those obtained earlier with human angiogenin. On the basis of the simulations and annealed structures, we came up with a consensus topology of dinucleotide ligands that binds to human and bovine angiogenins. This dinucleotide conformation can serve as a starting model for ligand‐bound complex structures for RNase A family of proteins. We demonstrated this capability by generating the complex structure of CpA bound to eosinophil‐derived neurotoxin (EDN) by fitting the consensus topology of CpA to the crystal structure of native EDN. Proteins 2001;45:30–39. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photochemical transformation of acifluorfen under laboratory and natural conditions
Authors: Vialaton Delphine , Baglio Daniela , Paya‐Perez Ana , Richard Claire 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAcifluorfen was irradiated in pure water at various excitation wavelengths and pH values. Numerous photoproducts were obtained which were identified by [1H]NMR and /or HPLC–MS/MS. The main reaction pathways were photo‐decarboxylation, photo‐cleavage of the ether bonding with formation of phenolic compounds, photo‐dechlorination and photo‐Claisen type rearrangement. Decarboxylation was observed in acidic and neutral media whereas cleavage of the ether bonding dominated in basic media. The photo‐Claisen type rearrangement only occurred on excitation at short wavelengths. The quantum yield of photolysis was significantly lower at 313 nm (6.1 × 10−5) than at 254 nm (2.0 × 10−3). The photoreactivity of acifluorfen was then studied in conditions approaching environmental conditions. Acifluorfen was dissolved in pure water, in water containing humic substances or in a natural water, and exposed to solar light in June at Clermont‐Ferrand (latitude 46 °N). In pure water, the half‐life was estimated at 10 days and photo‐decarboxylation accounted for 30% of the conversion. The presence of humic substances (10 mg litre−1) did not affect the rate of photo‐transformation. However, the half‐life of acifluorfen dissolved in the natural water was only 6.8 days.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Peptide T revisited: conformational mimicry of epitopes of anti‐HIV proteins
Authors: Picone Delia , Rivieccio Angela , Crescenzi Orlando , Caliendo Giuseppe , Santagada Vincenzo , Perissutti Elisa , Spisani Susanna , Traniello Serena , Temussi Piero Andrea 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPeptide T (ASTTTNYT), a fragment corresponding to residues 185–192 of gp120, the coat protein of HIV, is endowed with several biological properties in vitro, notably inhibition of the binding of both isolated gp120 and HIV‐1 to the CD4 receptor, and chemotactic activity. Based on previous nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies performed in our laboratory, which were consistent with a regular conformation of the C‐terminal pentapeptide, and SAR studies showing that the C‐terminal pentapeptide retains most of the biological properties, we designed eight hexapeptides containing in the central part either the TNYT or the TTNY sequence, and charged residues (D/E/R) at the two ends. Conformational analysis based on NMR and torsion angle dynamics showed that all peptides assume folded conformations, albeit with different geometries and stabilities. In particular, peptides carrying an acidic residue at the N‐terminus and a basic residue at the C‐terminus are characterized by stable helical structures and retain full chemotactic activity. The solution conformation of peptide ETNYTR displays strong structural similarity to the region 19–26 of both bovine pancreatic and bovine seminal ribonuclease, which are endowed with anti‐HIV activity. Moreover, the frequent occurrence, in many viral proteins, of TNYT and TTNY, the two core sequences employed in the design of the hexapeptides studied in the present work, hints that the sequence of the C‐terminal pentapeptide TTNYT is probably representative of a widespread viral recognition motif. Copyright © 2001 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progress in the methods of analysis of restricted distortional buckling of composite bridge girders
Authors: Ronagh Hamid R 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe problem of restricted distortional buckling (RDB) is described in this paper, together with an overview of the history of progress in this area over recent years. A simple method for the distortional buckling analysis of composite steel/concrete bridge girders is then revisited here in a new form. The approach is based on the analogy between the buckling phenomenon, and that of a beam on an elastic foundation that is well known in structural engineering. In this analogy, the bottom flange of the steel joist is simulated as a beam that is resting on the elastic foundation of the web, and that is subjected to an axial force whose distribution can be determined from the bending moment diagram of the composite bridge girder. In order to present the problem mathematically and simply, a simple finite element model with two nodes and three degrees of freedom per node is developed. The method is then used to provide design curves for a range of loading patterns. Owing to the simplicity and clarity of the model, it may is useful for implementation in design practice.
Shock spectra and damage boundary curves for hyperbolic tangent cushioning system and their important features
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Wei 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBy applying the method suggested in the author's previous paper, shock spectra and damage boundary curves are investigated for a hyperbolic tangent cushioning system under the action of rectangular, half‐sine, terminal‐peak saw‐tooth and initial‐peak saw‐tooth acceleration pulses, respectively. The shock spectrum is affected not only by the damping parameter but also by the dimensionless pulse peak, and both the damping parameter and the dimensionless fragility influence the damage boundary curve for this cushioning system. Some important features of a hyperbolic tangent cushioning system that differs from a tangent cushioning system are discussed in detail. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of PET bottle weight, closure performance and filling Technique on the oxygen content of soya cooking oil
Authors: de Oliveira Léa Mariza , Sarantópoulos Claire , Bordin Maurício , Nakandakari Yuri 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe use of PET bottles for edible oil in Brazil is increasing but there is a trend to reduce bottle weight for economic reasons, which decreases the oxygen barrier of the package. The barrier performance of a 20 g PET bottle for 900 ml soya oil, submitted to gas flushing with gaseous N2 and pressurization with liquid N2, was compared with a 27 g PET conventional bottle. During 8 months storage at 25°C the internal pressure, dissolved oxygen and oxygen in the headspace were evaluated and did not change significantly. Liquid N2 pressurization did not improve the efficiency of reducing O2 in the headspace compared to N2 gas flushing. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organizational correlates of perceptions of quality outcomes for ISO 9000 registration: a preliminary analysis
Authors: Bellamy Alphonso R. , Fowler Rhonda , Boyless John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the impact that the organizational factors of planning and implementation processes have on individual perceptions of quality outcomes related to The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9000 registration. Results indicate that the planning and implementation processes of ISO 9000 registration do indeed have an influence on the ways in which individuals evaluate the impact that registration has on quality outcomes. The study further showed that personality factors also influence perceptual judgments of ISO 9000 registration success. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.