bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boundary‐Rich Carbon‐Based Electrocatalysts with Manganese(II)‐Coordinated Active Environment for Selective Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Dong Ling‐Yu , Wang Jing‐Song , Li Tian‐Yi , Wu Tao , Hu Xu , Wu Yu‐Tai , Zhu Min‐Yi , Hao Guang‐Ping , Lu An‐Hui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCoordinated manganese (Mn) electrocatalysts owing to their electronic structure flexibility, non‐toxic and earth abundant features are promising for electrocatalytic reactions. However, achieving selective hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production through two electron oxygen reduction (2e‐ORR) is a challenge on Mn‐centered catalysts. Targeting this goal, we report on the creation of a secondary Mn(II)‐coordinated active environment with reactant enrichment effect on boundary‐rich porous carbon‐based electrocatalysts, which facilitates the selective and rapid synthesis of H2O2 through 2e‐ORR. The catalysts exhibit nearly 100 % Faradaic efficiency and H2O2 productivity up to 15.1 mol gcat−1 h−1 at 0.1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, representing the record high activity for Mn‐based electrocatalyst in H2O2 electrosynthesis. Mechanistic studies reveal that the epoxide and hydroxyl groups surrounding Mn(II) centers improve spin state by modifying electronic properties and charge transfer, thus tailoring the adsorption strength of *OOH intermediate. Multiscale simulations reveal that the high‐curvature boundaries facilitate oxygen (O2) adsorption and result in local O2 enrichment due to the enhanced interaction between carbon surface and O2. These merits together ensure the efficient formation of H2O2 with high local concentration, which can directly boost the tandem reaction of hydrolysis of benzonitrile to benzamide with nearly 100 % conversion rate and exclusive benzamide selectivity.
1D Covalent Organic Frameworks Triggering Highly Efficient Photosynthesis of H2O2 via Controllable Modular Design
Authors: Li Panjie , Ge Feiyue , Yang Yong , Wang Tianyu , Zhang Xiaoyue , Zhang Kan , Shen Jinyou 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe topological diversity of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) enables considerable space for exploring their structure‐performance relationships. In this study, we report a sequence of novel 1D COFs (EO, ES, and ESe‐COF) with typical 4‐c sql topology that can be interconnected with VIA group elements (O, S, and Se) via a modular design strategy. It is found that the electronic structures, charge delivery property, light harvesting ability, and hydrophilicity of these 1D COFs can be profoundly influenced by the bridge‐linked atom ordinal. Finally, EO‐COF, possessing the highest quantity of active sites, the longest lifetime of the active electron, the strongest interaction with O2, and the lowest energy barrier of O2 reduction, exhibits exceptional photocatalytic O2‐to‐H2O2 activity under visible light, with a production rate of 2675 μmol g−1 h−1 and a high apparent quantum yield of 6.57 % at 450 nm. This is the first systematic report on 1D COFs for H2O2 photosynthesis, which enriches the topological database in reticular chemistry and promotes the exploration of structure‐catalysis correlation.
Injection molding of biodegradable polyester blends filled with mineral and sustainable fillers: Performance evaluation
Authors: McNeill Dayna Colleen , Pal Akhilesh Kumar , Mohanty Amar K. , Misra Manjusri 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research focuses on the melt processing of biocomposites from a biodegradable polymer blend mixed with hybrid fillers through injection molding technique. An optimized blend ratio (60/40 wt%) poly(butylene succinate‐co‐butylene adipate) (PBSA) and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) demonstrated promising results after blending with a mixture of walnut shell powder (WSP), corn starch and talc in various proportions for use in rigid packaging. The addition of hybrid fillers (i) 10% WSP with 15% talc and (ii) 5% WSP with 5% starch and 15% talc to the polymer blend (60%PBSA/40%PBAT) improved tensile modulus (160% and 162%, respectively) and flexural modulus (147% and 153%, respectively) because of the dispersion of stiffer talc and WSP. Following the addition of fillers, tensile strength of the composites decreased. However, flexural strength improved significantly after filler introduction because of better stress transfer ability. Rheological analysis of filled composites with starch or WSP (25%) depicted similar characteristics of the polymer blend, indicating lower viscosity than hybrid composites. The abundant hydroxyl groups in starch explained the increased water absorption and decreased contact angle compared with other composites. This research's novelty encompasses utilizing low‐cost biomasses with mineral filler into an under‐researched biodegradable polymer blend suitable for single‐use rigid packaging applications.
A comparison of student perspectives on body donation across healthcare professional programs: From prosection‐ to dissection‐based curricula
Authors: Claveria Alexandra , Bachour Dona , Balta Joy Y. , Antonacci Rosetta , Ventura Nicole M. , Noel Geoffroy P. J. C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDonor‐centered education offers students the opportunity to not only acquire visual and tactile experiences for applying anatomical knowledge but also a chance for students to reflect upon fundamental humanistic principles. The exploration of differences in students' viewpoints on body donation and the utilization of body donors in their education remains unexplored across various healthcare professional programs, which has an impact on student learning and experience. This study aimed to qualitatively examine the similarities and differences in student perspectives regarding body donation across three healthcare professional programs. One‐page reflections from nursing (n = 37), physical and occupational therapy (n = 49), and medical students (n = 66) regarding their experiences in the anatomy laboratory at McGill University were collected and analyzed using a deductive approach based on themes and sub‐themes outlined by Stephens et al. in 2019. Despite differences in their curricula, there were few discrepancies across the programs' reflections suggesting that donor‐based learning had similar effects on each user group. Most students across the healthcare professional programs mentioned that their positive laboratory experiences motivated them to donate their bodies, extending the privilege they had to future generations. Nursing students did not reflect upon the notion that working with body donors provided unique learning experiences in the anatomy laboratory. Likewise, physical and occupational therapy (PT/OT) students did not address the importance of maintaining the privacy of body donors by covering certain body parts during lab. These findings show that prosection‐ and dissection‐based exercises encourage reflective practices associated with these of medical ethics, highlighting an important advantage to including donor‐based learning in anatomical education.
Signal‐to‐noise errors in free‐running atmospheric simulations and their dependence on model resolution
Authors: Cottrell Francesca M. , Screen James A. , Scaife Adam A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEnsemble forecasts have been shown to better predict observed Atlantic climate variability than that of their own ensemble members. This phenomenon—termed the signal‐to‐noise paradox—is found to be widespread across models, timescales, and climate variables, and has wide implications. The signal‐to‐noise paradox can be interpreted as forecasts underestimating the amplitude of predictable signals on seasonal‐to‐decadal timescales. The cause of this remains unknown. Here, we examine sea level pressure variability from a very large multi‐model ensemble of uninitialized atmosphere‐only simulations, focusing on boreal winter. To assess signal‐to‐noise errors, the ratio of predictable components (RPC) is examined globally, as well as for regional climate indices: the North Atlantic Oscillation, Arctic Oscillation, Southern Annular Mode, and an Arctic index. Our analyses reveal significant correlations between the multi‐model ensemble‐mean and observations over large portions of the globe, particularly the tropics, North Atlantic, and North Pacific. However, RPC values greater than one are apparent over many extratropical regions and in all four climate indices. Higher‐resolution models produce greater observation‐model correlations and greater RPC values than lower‐resolution models in all four climate indices. We find that signal‐to‐noise errors emerge more clearly at higher resolution, but the amplitudes of predictable signals do not increase with resolution, at least across the range of resolutions considered here. Our results suggest that free‐running atmospheric models underestimate predictable signals in the absence of sea surface temperature biases, implying that signal‐to‐noise errors originate in the atmosphere or in ocean–atmosphere coupling.
The impact of pre‐biopsy MRI and additional testing on prostate cancer screening outcomes: A rapid review
Authors: Tesfai Abel , Norori Natalia , Harding Thomas A. , Wong Yui Hang , Hobbs Matthew David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis work aims to examine the latest evidence on the impact of pre‐biopsy MRI, in addition to prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) testing, on health outcomes and quality of life.MethodsWe conducted a literature search including PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases, with a limited scan of (i) guidelines and (ii) references from trial reports, from January 2005 to 25th January 2023. Two independent reviewers selected randomised controlled trials (RCT) and cohort studies which met our inclusion criteria.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐seven articles were identified, and seven trial articles were selected. Trial interventions were as follows: (i) PSA blood test, (ii) additional tests such as pre‐biopsy multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and Biparametric MRI (bpMRI), and (iii) MRI targeted biopsy and standard biopsy. Compared with standard biopsy, MRI‐based interventions led to increased detection of clinically significant cancers in three studies and decreased detection of clinically insignificant cancer (Gleason grade 3 + 3) in four studies. However, PROstate Magnetic resonance Imaging Study (PROMIS) and Stockholm3 with MRI (STHLM3‐MRI) studies reported different trends depending on the scenario studied in PROMIS (MRI triage and MRI directed biopsy vs. MRI triage and standard biopsy) and thresholds used in STHLM3‐MRI (≥0·11 and ≥0·15). MRI also helped 8%–49% of men avoid biopsy, in six out of seven studies, but not in STHLM3‐MRI at ≥0.11. Interestingly, the proportion of men who experienced sepsis and UTI was low across studies.ConclusionThis review found that a combination of approaches, centred on the use of pre‐biopsy MRI, may improve the detection of clinically significant cancers and reduce (i) the diagnosis of clinically insignificant cancers and (ii) unnecessary biopsies, compared with PSA testing and standard biopsy alone. However, the impact of such interventions on longer term outcomes such as prostate cancer‐specific mortality has not yet been assessed.
Understanding communication between patients and healthcare professionals regarding comprehensive biomarker testing in precision oncology: A scoping review
Authors: Pichler Theresia , Mumm Friederike , Dehar Navdeep , Dickman Erin , Díez de Los Ríos de la Serna Celia , Dinkel Andreas , Heinrich Kathrin , Hennink Merel , Parviainen Anndra D. , Raske Vincent , Wicki Nicole , Moore Amy C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrecision oncology, using comprehensive biomarker testing (cBT) to inform individual cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, includes increasingly complex technology and clinical data sets. People impacted by cancer (patients and caregivers) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) face distinct challenges in navigating the cBT and personalized treatment landscape. This review summarizes evidence regarding cBT‐related communication between people impacted by cancer and HCPs and identifies important avenues for future research in precision oncology.MethodsA scoping review was conducted using records published in PubMed during January 2017–August 2022, focusing on the breadth of topics on patient‐HCP communication and knowledge resources used by HCPs as guidance in cBT‐related communication. Data were extracted from records meeting inclusion criteria, and findings were summarized according to main topics.ResultsThe search identified 287 unique records and data were extracted from 42 records, including nine from expert input. Most records originated from the United States included patients with different types of cancer, and oncologists were the main HCPs. Patients' motivation for undergoing cBT and receiving results was generally high in different settings. However, patients' understanding of cBT‐related concepts was limited, and their knowledge and information preferences changed based on cBT implications and significance to family members. HCPs were valued by patients as a trusted source of information. Limited evidence was available on HCPs' information‐seeking behavior and factors influencing cBT‐related knowledge and confidence, often self‐reported as insufficient.ConclusionsPatient education by knowledgeable and confident HCPs, information management and a caring patient‐HCP relationship communicating continuity of care regardless of cBT results are crucial to empower patients and shared decision‐making in precision oncology. More data on the process and structure of cBT‐related communication, distinction between and characterization of different timepoints of patient‐HCP interactions are needed.
Pirfenidone: A Promising Drug in Ocular Therapeutics
Authors: Bisen Amol Chhatrapati , Agrawal Sristi , Rayiti Ramakrishna , Sanap Sachin Nashik , Biswas Arpon , Mishra Anjali , Gupta Neeraj Mohan , Bhatta Rabi Sankar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPirfenidone, initially indicated for lung fibrosis, has gone beyond its original purpose, and shown promise in eye care. This detailed review tracks its evolution from lung treatment to aiding eye healing as evidenced by published literature. Pirfenidone's multifaceted attributes extend to mitigating corneal fibrosis, inflammation, and trauma. Through rigorous investigations, its efficacy emerges in diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, and postoperative glaucoma interventions. As an unheralded protagonist, pirfenidone reshapes ocular care paradigms, inviting renewed research opportunities.
GC/MS and LC–MS Analysis and in‐vitro Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil and Crude Methanol Extract from the Leaves of Acacia Gerrardii Benth. Growing in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Algethami Faisal K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, I determined the essential oil (EO) chemical composition and crude methanol extract (ME) phytochemical profile of the leaves of Acacia gerrardii (ACGL), a plant growing in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, I assessed their in vitro antioxidant activity. The gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis of the EO revealed a high content of oxygenated monoterpenes (79.86 %), primarily dominated by pulegone (35.11 %), carvacrol (27.36 %), and neo‐dihydrocarveol (4.67 %). The ME was analyzed by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry to determine its qualitative chemical profile. Four organic acids, eleven phenolic compounds, sixteen flavonoids, nine terpenoids (eight triterpenoids and one diterpenoid), and one coumarin were found in the ME of ACGL. This extract was found to be dominated by 5,6,4‐trihydroxy‐7,3‐dimethoxyflavone (39.30 %), acteoside (30.27 %), nevadensin (7.55 %), isoacteoside (3.08 %) and apiin (3.23 %), and hesperidin (2.73 %). The phenolic (TPC=127.70±1.47 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of extract) and flavonoid (TFC=85.48±0.12 mg quercetin equivalents/g of extract) contents of the ME were also assessed. The in vitro antioxidant activities of both the EO and ME were evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and ferrous ion chelating effect assays. Compared to the positive control (vit. E and Vit. C), and both extracts exhibited excellent activity.
Proximal optimization technique and percutaneous coronary intervention for left main disease: POTENTIAL‐LM
Authors: Volet Corentin , Puricel Serban , Cook Selma T. , di Cicco Philippe , Faucherre Yannick , Arroyo Diego , Togni Mario , Cook Stéphane 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundOptimal stent deployment in left main (LM) bifurcation is paramount, and incomplete stent apposition may cause major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Bench studies show that the proximal optimization technique (POT) provides the best stent apposition.AimsWe aimed to investigate the impact of POT on clinical outcomes in patients treated for unprotected LM (ULM) disease at our institution.MethodsWe identified 162 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ULM coronary disease in the Cardio‐FR database. Out of these, 99 (61%) had undergone POT, while 63 patients were treated without POT. The primary outcome was the bifurcation‐oriented composite endpoint (BOCE) of cardiac death, target‐bifurcation myocardial infarction and target‐bifurcation revascularization at maximal follow‐up.ResultsMean age was 76 years, and 69% presented with acute coronary syndrome. Mean follow‐up was 2.25 years (822 days). The BOCE occurred in 43 (27%) of which 20 (20%) in the POT group and 23 (37%) in the no‐POT group (p = 0.009). Cardiac death occurred in 15 (15%) patients in the POT‐ and 17 (27%) in no‐POT group (p = 0.26). Target bifurcation revascularization occurred in 4 (4%) patients in the POT‐ and 6 (10%) patients in the no‐POT group (p = 0.19). POT In the multivariate analysis, POT was the strongest parameter and was associated with BOCE, cardiac death, occurrence of any revascularization and all‐cause mortality.ConclusionThe POT improves clinical outcomes. These findings strongly support the systematic use of POT in patients undergoing ULM‐PCI.
H2 Pressure Dependence in the Homogeneously Catalyzed Guerbet Reaction of Ethanol to Butanol using Mn(I) and Ru(II)
Authors: Roca Jungfer Maximilian , Schwarz J. Luca , Rominger Frank , Oeser Thomas , Paciello Rocco , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Schaub Thomas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe homogeneously catalyzed Guerbet upgrading of ethanol to butanol can be modulated by the application of partial H2 pressure before the reaction. Ruthenium(II) PNP pincer complexes with methylene‐extended acridine‐based ligands and singly‐chelated ruthenium(II) complexes with PN ligands perform best at very low catalyst loadings and upon the application of catalyst‐specific pre‐reaction partial H2 pressure. The combination of ruthenium(II) PNP pincer complexes and manganese(I) pincer complexes with MACHO‐type PNP ligands allows for even lower ruthenium loadings while retaining low base load and consumption, thus enabling high space‐time yields, catalyst productivity and recyclability. Mechanistically, Mn is proposed to stabilize coordinatively unsaturated Ru species and allow coordination of ethoxide to Ru instead of attacking the electrophilic ligand backbone based on NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography.
Versatile Polymerization‐Induced Emission Polymers from Barbier Polymerization of Cinnamic Esters with Tunable Emission
Authors: Sun Xiao‐Li , Chen Yu‐Jiao , Cai Hua‐Wen , Gu Xi‐Yao , Li De‐Shan , Wu Liang‐Tao , Wan Wen‐Ming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCinnamic ester is a common and abundant chemical substance, which can be extracted from natural plants. Compared with traditional esters, cinnamic ester contains α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl structure with multiple reactive sites, resulting in more abundant reactivities and chemical structures. Here, a versatile polymerization‐induced emission (PIE) is successfully demonstrated through Barbier polymerization of cinnamic ester. Attributed to its abundant reactivities of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl structure, Barbier polymerization of cinnamic esters with different organodihalides gives polyalcohol and polyketone via 1,2‐addition and 1,4‐addition, respectively, which is also confirmed by small molecular model reactions. Meanwhile, these organodihalides dependant polyalcohol and polyketone exhibit different non‐traditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL) from aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) type to aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) type, where novel PIE luminogens (PIEgens) are revealed. Further potential applications in explosive detection are carried out, where it achieves TNT detection sensitivity at ppm level in solution and ng level on the test paper. This work therefore expands the structure and functionality libraries of monomer, polymer and NTIL, which might cause inspirations to different fields including polymer chemistry, NTIL, AIE and PIE.
From the Iron Pentacarbonyl Cation to Heteroleptic η6‐arene Carbonyls and bis‐η6‐arene Cations
Authors: Rall Jan M. , Nork Leonie , Engesser Tobias A. , Mayländer Maximilian , Weber Stefan , Richert Sabine , Krossing Ingo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPartial ligand substitution at the iron pentacarbonyl radical cation generates novel half‐sandwich complexes of the type [Fe(η6‐arene)(CO)2]⋅+ (arene=1,3,5‐tri‐tert‐butylbenzene, 1,3,5‐trimethylbenzene, benzene and fluorobenzene). Of those, the bulkier 1,3,5‐tri‐tert‐butylbenzene (mes*) derivative [Fe(mes*)(CO)2]⋅+ was fully characterized by XRD analysis, IR, NMR, cw‐EPR, Mössbauer spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry as the [Al(ORF)4]− (RF=C(CF3)3) salt. Chemical electronation, i. e., the single electron reduction, with decamethylferrocene generates neutral [Fe(mes*)(CO)2], whereas further deelectronation under CO‐pressure leads to a dicationic three‐legged [Fe(mes*)(CO)3]2+ salt with [Al(ORF)4]− counterion. The full substitution of the carbonyl ligands in [Fe(CO)5]⋅+[Al(ORF)4]− mainly resulted in disproportionation reactions, giving solid Fe(0) and the dicationic bis‐arene salts [Fe(η6‐arene)2]2+([Al(ORF)4]−)2 (arene=1,3,5‐trimethylbenzene, benzene and fluorobenzene). Only by employing the very large fluoride bridged anion [F‐{Al(ORF)3}2]−, it was possible to isolate an open shell bis‐arene cation salt [Fe(C6H6)2]⋅+[F‐{Al(ORF)3}2]−. The highly reactive cation was characterized by XRD analysis, cw‐EPR, Mössbauer spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The disproportionation of [Fe(C6H6)2]⋅+ salts to give solid Fe(0) and [Fe(C6H6)2]2+ salts was analyzed by a suitable cycle, revealing that the thermodynamic driving force for the disproportionation is a function of the size of the anion used and the polarity of the solvent.