bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
endo and exo Coordination of Indanol: Synthesis, Isolation and Structural Characterisation of [H3Ru3(endo‐Indanol)(C6Me6)2(O)]+ and [H3Ru3(exo‐Indanol)(C6Me6)2(O)]+ as Their Tetrafluoroborate Salts
Authors: Vieille‐Petit Ludovic , Karmazin‐Brelot Lydia , Labat Gaël , Süss‐Fink Georg 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe reaction of 2,3,4,7‐tetrahydro‐1H‐inden‐2‐ol with ruthenium chloride hydrate in refluxing ethanol yields the chloro‐bridged dinuclear complex [RuCl2(indanol)]2 (1). The mononuclear complex [Ru(indanol)(H2O)3]2+ (2), formed in situ from 1 in aqueous solution, reacts with the dinuclear complex [H3Ru2(C6Me6)2]+ to give a trinuclear arene‐ruthenium cluster as a mixture of two isomers, the cations [H3Ru3(endo‐indanol)(C6Me6)2(O)]+ (3a) and [H3Ru3(exo‐indanol)(C6Me6)2(O)]+ (3b), in a 1:1 ratio. The hydroxy function of the indanol ligand is oriented towards the μ3‐oxo cap of 3a, whereas the OH group is bent away from the metal skeleton of 3b. These two isomers, which can easily be separated by silica‐gel chromatography, were isolated and characterised as their tetrafluoroborate salts. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis of [3a][BF4] shows a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond between the μ3‐oxo ligand and the hydroxyl function, which even persists in acetone solution, as demonstrated by NMR spectroscopy. On the other hand, the hydroxy function of 3b was found to be free in the solid state as well as in solution, as shown by an X‐ray crystal structure analysis and by NMR spectroscopy. The catalytic activities of the water‐soluble trinuclear cations 3a and 3b for the hydrogenation of benzene to give cyclohexane under biphasic conditions are considerably different, the exo isomer 3b being more active than the endo isomer 3a. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Novel Cadmium(II) Adipate Coordination Polymers with Structural Transformation via Oxalate Ligand: Syntheses, Structures and Fluorescence Properties
Authors: Hao Na , Shen Enhong , Li Yang‐Guang , Wang En‐Bo , Hu Chang‐Wen , Xu Lin 
Published: August 2004

AbstractTwo novel cadmium adipate coordination polymers [Cd{O2C(CH2)4CO2}{1,10‐phen}]n (1) and [Cd2(C2O4){O2C(CH2)4CO2(OH2)2}{2,2′‐bipy}]·H2O (2) [adipic acid = HO2C(CH2)4CO2H] have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Crystallographic data for 1: monoclinic, C2/c, a = 16.186(3) Å, b = 15.487(3) Å, c = 14.052(3) Å, β = 112.73(3)°, Z = 8. Crystal data for 2: monoclinic, Cc, a = 23.448(5) Å, b = 11.826(2) Å, c = 8.3163(17) Å, β = 99.08(3)°, Z = 4. The structural analysis reveals that 1 forms a novel one‐dimensional chain in which the binuclear Cd centers are linked by adipate anions. Compound 2 is the first example in which both a 2,2′‐bipy ligand and an oxalate group are found in the {M/adipate} system. Compound 2 possesses one‐dimensional sine‐ or cosine‐type chains, which are alternately connected together by the oxalate group to form a three‐dimensional framework. The structural determination reveals that the introduction of the oxalate ligand causes the dimensional transformation of the compounds. Compounds 1 and 2 show strong fluorescent properties at room temperature. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Copper(II) and Nickel(II) Complexes of N,N‐Bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)octamethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane
Authors: Roy Tapashi G. , Hazari Saroj K. S. , Dey Benu K. , Miah Hazarat A. , Bader Cerstin , Rehder Dieter 
Published: August 2004

AbstractReaction of ethylene oxide with the 1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecanes Me8[14]ane LB (diaxial‐diequatorial with respect to the methyl substituents at the secondary ring carbons) and LC (axial‐triequatorial) yielded the N4,N11‐disubstituted 2‐hydroxyethyl (Y) derivatives LBY (diaxial‐diequatorial) and LAY (all‐equatorial). These new ligands interact with Cu(ClO4)2 to produce octahedral blue‐violet [CuLBY][ClO4]2 and deep‐blue [CuLAY][ClO4]2, with the hydroxyl groups of the −CH2−CH2−OH arms in axial positions. Reaction of LBY with nickel(II) acetate and subsequent addition of Li(ClO4) yielded square‐planar yellow [NiLBY][ClO4]2. Characterisation has been carried out on the basis of analytical, spectroscopic, conductometric and magneto‐chemical data. The structures of LBY and [CuLAY][ClO4]2 have been confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analyses. The antifungal and antibacterial activities of these compounds have been studied against some phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Diastereoselective Insertion of Isocyanide into the Alkyl−Metal Bond of Methylbenz[e]indenyl ansa‐Zirconocene Complexes
Authors: Sebastián Alfredo , Royo Pascual , Gómez‐Sal Pilar , Ramírez de Arellano Carmen 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAlkylation of ansa‐zirconocene [Zr{(η5‐C5H5)SiMe2(MBI)}Cl2] (MBI = η5‐2‐Me−C13H7) with MgRCl gave the dimethyl complex [Zr{(η5‐C5H5)SiMe2(MBI)}Me2], but unresolvable mixtures containing mono‐alkylated compounds were obtained when bulkier alkyls were used. However pure dialkyl complexes [Zr{(η5‐C5H5)SiMe2(MBI)}R2] (R = CH2Ph, CH2SiMe3) were easily obtained using K(CH2Ph) and Li(CH2SiMe3) as alkylating agents. Diastereoselective insertion into the MBI‐unprotected Zr−R bond was observed when all of these dialkyl complexes were treated with 2,6‐xylyl isocyanide to give the iminoacyl compounds [Zr{(η5‐C5H5)SiMe2(MBI)}R{CR[η2‐N‐(2,6‐xylyl)]}] (R = Me, CH2Ph, CH2SiMe3). All of the new complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and the X‐ray molecular structures of the dibenzyl and the imino‐benzyl compounds were determined. The catalytic activity for ethene polymerization and ethene/1‐hexene copolymerization of the dichloro zirconocenes [Zr{(η5‐C5H5)EMe2(MBI)}Cl2] (E = C, Si), activated with methylalumoxane (MAO), was measured. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
2,4‐N,N′‐Bis(dialkylamido)‐2,4‐dithioxo‐1,3,2λ5,4λ5‐dithiadiphosphetanes
Authors: Dimitrov Anton , Hartwich Irmgard , Neubauer Petra , Meisel Manfred 
Published: August 2004

AbstractDialkylamide derivatives of the monometadithioxaphosphoric acid stabilised by pyridine as a donor, i.e. [(C5H5N)PS2NR2], readily react with AlCl3. The elimination of the donor and formation of the adduct C5H5N·AlCl3 liberates the unstable σ3λ5‐phosphoranes (PS2NR2). The latter are stabilised by [2+2] “cycloaddition‐dimerization” leading to the title compounds [PS2NR2]2 in nearly quantitative yields. The synthesis and characterisation of two compounds possessing NR2 substituents of very different basicities clearly demonstrate the generalisation of such a procedure as an easy way of accessing further derivatives in this class. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Novel Cytotoxic Copper(II) Complexes of 8‐Aminoquinoline Derivatives: Crystal Structure and Different Reactivity towards Glutathione
Authors: Zhang Shouchun , Tu Chao , Wang Xiongyong , Yang Zhen , Zhang Junyong , Lin Liping , Ding Jian , Guo Zijian 
Published: August 2004

AbstractTwo novel CuII complexes [Cu(CMQA)(H2O)] (1) (CMQA = N‐carboxymethyl‐L‐methionine‐N′‐8‐quinolylamide) and [Cu(MQA)(OAc)] (2) (MQA = L‐methionine‐N′‐8‐quinolylamide, OAc = CH3COO−) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Complex 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with space group P212121 [a = 5.556(1) Å, b = 15.002(3) Å, c = 20.886(4) Å] while complex 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group C2 [a = 28.463(6) Å, b = 5.264(1) Å, c = 13.345(3) Å, β = 109.142(3)°]. In both complexes the CuII center is coordinated by three N atoms of the ligand and one O atom of H2O (1) or OAc (2). The in vitro cytotoxicity of both complexes and their corresponding ligands have been tested against the murine leukemia P‐388 and lung adenocarcinoma A‐549 cell lines. Complex 2 shows a potent activity against both cell lines with an inhibitory rate of 100% for the murine leukemia P‐388 cell line and 93.4% for the lung adenocarcinoma A‐549 cell line at a concentration of 10−6 mol·L−1, while complex 1 shows only a marginal activity against the same cell lines. The reactivity of the two complexes towards γ‐glutathione (GSH) has been investigated and is discussed in association with their different cytotoxicity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Location of a missing object and detection of its absence by infants: Contribution of an eye‐tracking system to the understanding of infants' strategies
Authors: Lécuyer Roger , Berthereau Sophie , Taïeb Amel Ben , Tardif Nadia 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated infants' capacity to discriminate between situations in which all the objects successively hidden behind a screen are present, or not, after the removal of the screen. Two types of interpretation have been proposed: counting capacity or object memorization capacity. In the usual paradigm, the missing object in the impossible event is usually the last object which is placed behind the screen. Following this, a third interpretation can be offered: infants' exploration is first directed to this object's location, and its presence or absence is noticed. Two experiments using Wynn's (Nature 1992; 358:749) paradigm were performed to test the third hypothesis. The first experiment involved four objects (teddy bears) placed in four squares. Infants looked longer at the impossible event (3 objects, the last one missing) than at the possible event (4 objects) when the impossible event was presented first. No difference in looking duration was observed for the opposite order. In the second experiment, the four objects were disposed in a line and an eye‐tracking system was used. No difference in the number of looks was observed between the impossible event (3 objects, the second one missing) and the possible event (4 objects). Therefore, it appears that at least in this complex situation (4 objects used instead of 2 usually), the location of the missing object is a key factor for event discrimination. Eye‐tracking also indicated in the second experiment that infants looked less at the second location during an impossible event (object missing) than during the possible event (object present), indicating that the impossibility of the event was not a determining factor for looking durations. Altogether, the data indicate the potential usefulness of eye‐tracking analysis in this type of situation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
α1‐antitrypsin inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth
Authors: Huang Hanhua , Campbell Steven C. , Nelius Thomas , Bedford Dhugal F. , Veliceasa Dorina , Bouck Noel P. , Volpert Olga V. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractDisturbances of the ratio between angiogenic inducers and inhibitors in tumor microenvironment are the driving force behind angiogenic switch critical for tumor progression. Angiogenic inhibitors may vary depending on organismal age and the tissue of origin. We showed that α1‐antitrypsin (AAT), a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) is an inhibitor of angiogenesis, which induced apoptosis and inhibited chemotaxis of endothelial cells. S‐ and Z‐type mutations that cause abnormal folding and defective serpin activity abrogated AAT antiangiogenic activity. Removal of the C‐terminal reactive site loop had no effect on its angiostatic activity. Both native AAT and AAT truncated on C‐terminus (AATΔ) inhibited neovascularization in the rat cornea and delayed the growth of subcutaneous tumors in mice. Treatment with native AAT and truncated AATΔ, but not control vehicle reduced tumor microvessel density, while increasing apoptosis within tumor endothelium. Comparative analysis of the human tumors and normal tissues of origin showed correlation between reduced local α1‐antitrypsin expression and more aggressive tumor growth. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene expression in relation to differentiation of gastric cancer
Authors: Ichikawa Wataru , Takahashi Takehiro , Suto Kenichi , Nihei Zenro , Shirota Yoshinori , Shimizu Michio , Sasaki Yasutsuna , Hirayama Renzo 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are important enzymes of DNA de novo synthesis and the salvage pathway in cancer cells, respectively. Intratumoral TS and DPD gene expressions were evaluated to determine the correlation between the expression of the 2 genes in both normal stromal tissues and tissues with different degrees of malignant differentiation in primary gastric cancer. The study population consisted of 78 consecutive patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent surgical treatment. Laser‐captured microdissection of malignant or normal stromal tissues was performed in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens. After extraction of RNA, TS and DPD gene expressions were measured by the real‐time reverse transcriptional PCR method. Apart from degree of differentiation, TS and DPD in malignant tissue showed no correlation with clinicopathologic factors. TS in malignant tissue was higher in differentiated type cases than undifferentiated type cases (p < 0.01). However, DPD in malignant tissue of undifferentiated type cases was statistically higher than that of differentiated type cases (p < 0.05). In normal stromal tissue, neither TS nor DPD had any correlation with clinicopathologic factors. TS in malignant tissue was statistically higher than in normal stromal tissue in both differentiated and undifferentiated types (p < 0.0001). DPD in differentiated type malignant tissue was statistically lower than in normal stromal tissue (p < 0.001), but no difference was seen in undifferentiated type cases. TS and DPD gene expressions in primary gastric cancer differ according to degree of differentiation and between malignant and normal stromal tissue. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An overview of the effect of linoleic and conjugated‐linoleic acids on the growth of several human tumor cell lines
Authors: Maggiora Marina , Bologna Mauro , Cerù Maria Paola , Possati Laura , Angelucci Angelo , Cimini Anna , Miglietta Antonella , Bozzo Francesca , Margiotta Chiara , Muzio Guiliana , Canuto Rosa Angela 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBoth n‐6 and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are dietary fats important for cell function, being involved in several physiologic and pathologic processes, such as tumorigenesis. Linoleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid, its geometrical and positional stereoisomer, were tested on several human tumor cell lines originating from different tissues and with different degrees of malignancy. This was to provide the widest possible view of the impact of dietary lipids on tumor development. While linoleic acid exerted different effects, ranging from inhibitory to neutral, even promoting growth, conjugated linoleic acid inhibited growth in all lines tested and was particularly effective against the more malignant cells, with the exception of mammary tumor cells, in which behavior was the opposite, the more malignant cell line being less affected. The inhibitory effect of conjugated linoleic acid on growth may be accompanied by different contributions from apoptosis and necrosis. The effects of conjugated linoleic acid on growth or death involved positive or negative variations in PPARs. The important observation is that a big increase of PPARα protein occurred in cells undergoing strong induction of apoptosis, whereas PPARβ/δ protein decreased. Although PPARα and PPARβ/δ seem to be correlated to execution of the apoptotic program, the modulation of PPARγ appears to depend on the type of tumor cell, increasing as protein content, when inhibition of cell proliferation occurred. In conclusion, CLA may be regarded as a component of the diet that exerts antineoplastic activity and its effect may be antiproliferative or pro‐apoptotic. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Super‐resolution approach to overcome physical limitations of imaging sensors: An overview
Authors: Choi Euncheol , Choi Jongseong , Kang Moon Gi 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAlthough the performance of CCD and CMOS imaging sensors has improved since their invention, they still have several physical limitations, such as various sources of noise, limited dynamic range, and limited spatial resolution. Besides these physical limitations, they have malfunctioning problems, such as smearing and blooming, which degrade the quality of captured images. These limitations and malfunctioning problems can be overcome, based on device physics and circuit technology. However, a signal‐processing‐based approach is a good alternative solution to these problems, because it may cost less and existing imaging systems can be still utilized. In a broad sense, this signal‐processing‐based approach can be called a super‐resolution approach. The goal of this article is to introduce a super‐resolution approach that overcomes the limitations of imaging sensors. To this purpose, we describe the existing limitations of imaging sensors first, and then describe the corresponding super‐resolution approach. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 14, 36–46, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20006
Advances and challenges in super‐resolution
Authors: Farsiu Sina , Robinson Dirk , Elad Michael , Milanfar Peyman 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSuper‐Resolution reconstruction produces one or a set of high‐resolution images from a sequence of low‐resolution frames. This article reviews a variety of Super‐Resolution methods proposed in the last 20 years, and provides some insight into, and a summary of, our recent contributions to the general Super‐Resolution problem. In the process, a detailed study of several very important aspects of Super‐Resolution, often ignored in the literature, is presented. Specifically, we discuss robustness, treatment of color, and dynamic operation modes. Novel methods for addressing these issues are accompanied by experimental results on simulated and real data. Finally, some future challenges in Super‐Resolution are outlined and discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 14, 47–57, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20007
High‐resolution images from compressed low‐resolution video: Motion estimation and observable pixels
Authors: Alvarez L. D. , Mateos J. , Molina R. , Katsaggelos A. K. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn this article, we address the problem of obtaining a high‐resolution (HR) image from a compressed low‐resolution (LR) video sequence. Motion information plays a critical role in solving this problem, and we determine which pixels in the sequence provide useful information for calculating the high‐resolution image. The bit stream of hybrid motion compensated video compression methods includes low‐resolution motion‐compensated images; we therefore also study which pixels in these images should be used to increase the quality of the reconstructed image. Once the useful (observable) pixels in the low‐resolution and motion‐compensated sequences have been detected, we modify the acquisition model to only account for these observations. The proposed approach is tested on real compressed video sequences and the improved performance is reported. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 14, 58–66, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20008
High‐resolution imaging using integrated optical systems
Authors: Prasad S. , Torgersen T. C. , Pauca V. P. , Plemmons R. J. , van der Gracht J. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractCertain optical aberrations, such as defocus, can significantly degrade the signal collected by an imaging system, producing images with low resolution. In images with depth‐dependent detail, such degradations are difficult to remove due to their inherent spatially varying nature. In 1995, Dowski and Cathey introduced the concept of wavefront coding to extend the depth of field. They showed that wavefront coding and decoding enables quality control of such images using integrated optical‐digital imaging systems. With wavefront coding, a high‐resolution image can be efficiently obtained without the need to resort to expensive algorithms for spatially varying restoration. In this article, we discuss a novel and effective multiple‐design‐parameter approach for optimizing the processes of encoding and decoding the wavefront phase in integrated optical‐digital imaging systems. Our approach involves the use of information metrics, such as the Strehl ratio and Fisher information, for determining the optimal pupil‐phase distribution for which the resulting image is insensitive to certain aberrations, such as focus errors. The effectiveness of this approach is illustrated with a number of numerical simulation experiments, and applications to the development of iris recognition systems with high‐resolution capabilities are briefly discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 14, 67–74, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20009
High‐resolution image reconstruction from rotated and translated low‐resolution images with multisensors
Authors: Wen You‐Wei , Ng Michael K. , Ching Wai‐Ki 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe extend the multisensor work by Bose and Boo (1998) and consider the perturbations of displacement error that are due to both translation and rotation. The warping process is introduced to obtain the ideal low‐resolution image, which is located at exactly horizontal and vertical shift. In this approach, the problem of high‐resolution image reconstruction is turned into the problem of image restoration, and the system becomes spatially invariant rather than spatially variant in the original problem. An efficient algorithm is presented. Experimental results show that the proposed methods are quite effective, and they perform better than the bilinear image interpolation method. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 14, 75–83, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20010
A second‐generation wavelet framework for super‐resolution with noise filtering
Authors: Bose N. K. , Chappalli Mahesh B. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe use of second‐generation wavelets to attain super‐resolution with noise filtering is described for a captured sequence of low‐resolution frames without any assumptions on grid (sampling lattice) structure. The approach is based on 2D methods. The procedure allows the incorporation of the more general projective camera motion model into the framework, instead of only displacement and rotational models. Several simulations that compare the implementations of the algorithm presented here with other related approaches help illustrate the suitability of SGWs (coupled with hard or soft thresholding) in the task of image sequence superresolution with simultaneous noise filtering. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 14, 84–89, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20011