bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChatGPT to enhance learning in dental education at a historically black medical college
Authors: Rahad Khandoker , Martin Kianna , Amugo Ihunna , Ferguson Shania , Curtis Angela , Davis Anniya , Gangula Pandu , Wang Qingguo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The recent rise of powerful large language model (LLM)-based AI tools, exemplified by ChatGPT and Bard, poses a great challenge to contemporary dental education while simultaneously offering a unique resource and approach that potentially complements today’s teaching and learning, where existing widely available learning resources have often fallen short. Although both the clinical and educational aspects of dentistry will be shaped profoundly by the LLM tools, the didactic curricula, which primarily rely on lecture-based courses where instructors impart knowledge through presentations and discussions, need to be upgraded urgently. In this paper, we used dental course materials, syllabi, and textbooks adopted currently in the School of Dentistry (SOD) at Meharry Medical College to assess the potential utility and effectiveness of ChatGPT in dental education. We collected the responses of the chatbot to questions as well as students' interactions with it for assessment. Our results showed that ChatGPT can assist in dental essay writing and generate relevant content for dental students, in addition to other benefits. The limitations of ChatGPT were also discussed in the paper.
Computational Image and Molecular Analysis Reveal Unique Prognostic Features of Immune Architecture in African Versus European American Women with Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Madabhushi Anant , Azarianpour-Esfahani Sepideh , Khalighi Sirvan , Aggarwal Arpit , Viswanathan Vidya , Fu Pingfu , Avril Stefanie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) disproportionately affects African American (AA) women in terms of progression and death. In our study, we sought to employ computerized image and bioinformatic analysis to tease out morphologic and molecular differences in EC between AA and European-American (EA) populations. We identified the differences in immune cell spatial patterns between AA and EA populations with markers of tumor biology, including histologic and molecular subtypes. The models performed best when they were trained and validated using data from the same population. Unsupervised clustering revealed a distinct association between immune cell features and known molecular subtypes of endometrial cancer that varied between AA and EA populations. Our genomic analysis revealed two distinct and novel gene sets with mutations associated with improved prognosis in AA and EA patients. Our study findings suggest the need for population-specific risk prediction models for women with endometrial cancer.
On the Origins of Mass
Authors: Szweizer Moshe , Schlagbaum Rivka 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Probability, as manifested through entropy, is presented in this study as one ofthe most fundamental components of physical reality. It is demonstrated that thequantization of probability allows for the introduction of the mass phenomenon.In simple terms, gaps in probability impose resistance to change in movement,which observers experience as inertial mass. The model presented in the paperbuilds on two probability fields that are allowed to interact. The resultant prob-ability distribution is quantized, producing discrete probability levels. Finally, aformula is developed that correlates the gaps in probability levels with physicalmass. The model allows for the estimation of quark masses. The masses of theproton and neutron are arrived at with an error of under 0.04%. The masses ofsigma baryons are calculated with an error between 0.2% and 0.05%. The Wboson mass is calculated with an error of under 0.5%. The model explains whyproton is stable while other baryons are not, and it gives an explanation of theorigins and nature of dark matter. Throughout the text, the article illustratesthat the approach required to describe the nature of mass is incompatible withthe mathematical framework needed to explain other physical phenomena.
MSC Classification: 65C20 , 81P05 , 81P16 , 81Q50 , 37D45
Performance analysis of Advanced Quality Of Service-based Robust Multipath Routing (AQRMR) Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)
Authors: Kumar Parveen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In any wireless network, security is a critical consideration. Various protocols are being developed to provide security in ad hoc networks, ensuring that data and networks are protected from numerous threats and assaults. The MANET's main difficulties include providing effective QOS, security, resource reuse, path optimization with minimal latency and energy usage. The Secure Elliptic Curve Routing Algorithm (SECRA) delivers security by consuming less energy and providing improved network security. Here privacy is provided to the message through the ECC algorithm. In this paper, the performance of AQRMR protocol is analyzed with QRMR for various parameters. After 0.06 seconds, the UDP application begins transmitting packets, and the execution of each protocol is analyzed. Based on the analysis, we may conclude that with higher packet delivery ratio the AQRMR protocol outperforms than QRMR protocol.
A Comparison of 100-Point Numeric Grading System and Letter-Based Grading System in Medical Clerkship Assessment: A Single-Centre Study
Authors: Wu Yu-ying , Lin Chyi-Her , Lin I-Fan , Liang Cheng-Loong , Yang San-Nan , Liu I-Ting , Kuo Pei-Chun , Lin Chi-Wei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background: Assessing medical students’ performance during clerkship remains a significant challenge due to the lack of commonly accepted standards. The purpose of this study is to provide a comparative analyse of the validity and reliability of a 100-point numeric grading system and a simplified letter-based grading system in clerkship assessment.
Methods: A total of 176 medical students were enrolled in this study. Among them, 80 students (enrolment years 2015–2017) were assessed using the 100-point system, while 96 students (enrolment years 2018–2020) were assessed using the letter-based system. Grade Point Averages were computed from the scores of each core clerkship program rotations for comparison. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's α, and the Pearson’s correlation test was used to assess the correlation between pre- and post-clerkship academic scores.
Results: The distribution of grades between the two grading systems differed significantly. The 100-point numeric grading is much more skewed, showed very high internal reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.886) but poor external validity (Pearson’s test, p > 0.05). The letter-based grading system demonstrated acceptable internal reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.553) and good external validity (Pearson’s test, p < 0.001),
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the letter-based grading system was more effective for assessing medical students' performance during clerkship than the conventional 100-point numeric grading system.
A novel method for monitoring of Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinolic acid and cannabidiolic acid thermal decarboxylation reactions in cannabis plant
Authors: Gao Baochang , Tian Yuan , Shi Yu , Zhang Zhiguo , Zhang Jingru , Mao Guoliang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The decarboxylation reaction for acidic cannabinoids is an important step in the use of cannabis. The effect of heating rates and cannabinoid composition on the decarboxylation process was studied. The TG/DTG curves of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), for a first time, compared the decarboxylation dynamics at different heating rates. Moreover, HPLC analysis on the plant sample after TG run presented evidence of cannabinoids conversion. The results showed that THCA had a higher decarboxylation reaction temperature than CBDA. In all cases, a significant loss of acid and neutral cannabinoids was observed at elevated heating rates in the absence of oxygen. THCA-dominant cannabis plant show lower activation energy (Ea) on THCA decarboxylation reaction. These findings were used to improve the decarboxylation condition and increase THC or CBD concentration.
SHR-A1811, a novel anti-HER2 antibody–drug conjugate with optimal drug-to-antibody ratio, superior bystander killing effect and favorable safety profiles
Authors: Zhang Ting , Xu Jianyan , Yin Junzhao , Gao Yun , Zheng Hanwen , Fu Beibei , Sun Jiakang , Xu Zhibing , Tu Shiwei , Mao Yuchang , Wen Weiyun , Qu Bolei , You Lingfeng , Xue Zhendong , Sun Xing , Cao Dan , Feng Jun , Hu Min , He Feng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
HER2-targeting antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), especially trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), have revolutionized the treatment landscape of HER2-expressing or mutant cancers. However, undesired adverse events are still inevitable. It is necessary to discover a novel HER2-directed ADC with better safety profiles.
Methods
SHR-A1811 is composed of trastuzumab, a cleavable linker and a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor, SHR169265. The permeability and pharmacokinetics of SHR169265 were detected by PAMPA assay and LC-MS/MS System. CellTiter-Glo cell viability assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity and bystander killing effect of SHR169265 and SHR-A1811. The antitumor efficacy of SHR-A1811 was evaluated in mouse xenograft models with different HER2 expression levels. The toxicity of SHR-A1811 were evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys.
Results
SHR169265 showed better permeability, stronger cytotoxicity and faster systemic clearance than SHR197971 (a DXd analog). The drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of SHR-A1811 was optimized as 6 via balancing efficacy and toxicity. SHR-A1811 showed HER2-dependent growth inhibition against various cell lines and desirable bystander killing capability. SHR-A1811 led to tumor growth inhibition or even regression in a dose-dependent manner, at least comparable as HRA18-C015 (a biosimilar of T-DXd) and anti-HER2-SHR169265 (DAR 8) in multiple xenograft models with a range of HER2 expression levels. SHR-A1811 exhibited a good pharmacokinetics profile, outstanding stability in plasma across different species and a favorable preclinical safety profile. The highest non-severely toxic dose (HNSTD) in cynomolgus monkeys was 40 mg/kg with thymus as the main target organ.
Conclusions
SHR-A1811 is a potential best-in-class anti-HER2 ADC with a highly permeable payload, optimized DAR, great potency and better safety profiles. Currently SHR-A1811 has entered phase II and phase III clinical studies for breast cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and NSCLC.
Endovascular treatment of stroke in the late time window with large vessel occlusion using the ASPECTS as an imaging screening criterion
Authors: Liu Jiahui , Zhuo Na , Wei Jianqi , Fan Yu , Jiang Changchun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective
To assess the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) screening tool for effectiveness in endovascular treatment of late time window stroke with large vessel occlusion.
Patients and methods
A retrospective analysis was performed of individuals administered endovascular treatment in our neurology department between 2016 and 2020 for ischemic stroke induced by acute large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation. Detailed baseline and endovascular treatment data were collected. Patients were assigned to 2 groups based on stroke onset time, including the 0-6h (treated within 6h of stroke onset) and 6-24h (earlier/unknown time of onset, up to 24 hours from the last time of appearing normal) groups. Both groups were compared for baseline information, revascularization rates, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and 90-day functional independence.
Results
Totally 221 individuals were enrolled. The 0-6h and 6-24h groups had 129 and 92 patients, respectively, whose median ages were 64 and 63 years, respectively. Both groups were similar in previous medical history, NIHSS score at onset, lesion location and surgical complications. The 6-24h group had elevated intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (48.9% vs 33.3%, P = 0.020) and revascularization (96.7% vs 86.8%, P = 0.011) rates versus the 6-24h group. Upon adjustment for age, sex, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, ASPECTS, Intracranial atherosclerosis, intraoperative tirofiban, stent detachment, successful recanalization, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, the 0-6h group had a higher rate of individuals achieving functional independence (mRS score of 0–2; 52.7% vs 47.8%, OR = 0.242 [0.070–0.833], P = 0.024). However, the rates of individuals with a favorable outcome (mRS scores of 0–3) were similar in both groups (66.7% vs. 69.6%; OR = 0.564 [0.140–2.266], P = 0.419) as well as 90-d mortality (OR = 0.889 [0.170–4.660], P = 0.889).
Conclusions
The ASPECTS is effective for screening individuals for endovascular treatment of stroke in the late time window with large vessel occlusion. The ASPECTS should be considered a simple and practical patient screening strategy for stroke centers without multimodal imaging evaluation.
Nutritional analysis and inhibition activity of kodo millet
Authors: P Gargi G , Shinde Manohar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) are the minor crops and have several nutritional components having benefits against health issues. The present study involves the proximate analysis of kodo millet, was evaluated providing the data that will help in the utilization of grains in food processing. The proximate analysis of the kodo millet recorded the moisture content of 6.0%, crude protein 6.61%, crude fibre 8.5%, crude fat 2.82%, crude ash 0.62% and nitrogen free extract (carbohydrates) 63.62%. The α-glucosidase inhibition of methanol extracts of kodo millet reported the 15.37% in methanol, 49.3% in acid methanol, 48.6% in acid methanol heated, 12% in aqueous and 50.26% in aqueous heated extracts. The above information helps in the nutritional value and inhibitory activity of the kodo millet in various solvents extraction which may provide the idea of preventing or managing the diabetes mellitus.
Safety and Efficacy of Hysteroscopic Suture Fixation of the Levonorgestrel- Releasing Intrauterine System in Women with an Expulsion History: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ge Yuan , Lin Beibei , Xu Gufeng , Wang Yue 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is an efficient contraceptive and nonsurgical treatment for gynecological conditions. However, its expulsion rates are concerning. In this study, we suggest the use of non-absorbable suture fixation through hysteroscopy to mitigate expulsions and evaluate the safety and outcomes of this procedure.
Methods
This study included 73 women (average age: 41.34 years) with a history of LNG-IUS expulsion who underwent hysteroscopic suture fixation of the LNG-IUS at Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, between August 2022 and August 2023. Postoperative assessment was conducted using electronic questionnaires at 1, 3, and 7 days, along with outpatient follow-ups and ultrasonography at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.
Results
The day surgery team successfully performed 73 procedures with a mean duration of 37.81 ± 15.42 min, encountering no complications. Follow-up was conducted for an average of 183.56 days for all 73 patients. Among them, 70 underwent postoperative imaging examinations, primarily ultrasonography, with an average follow-up imaging time of 117.33 days. This study revealed low expulsion (4.29%) and downward-shift (7.14%) rates. The primary adverse reactions observed were irregular bleeding or spotting in 71.23% of cases and an increased vaginal discharge rate of 8.22%.
Conclusion
Hysteroscopic LNG-IUS suture fixation is safe and effective for reducing expulsion rates in women with a history of expulsion. However, this procedure is associated with higher rates of irregular postoperative bleeding and increased vaginal discharge.
How different attributes are weighted in professionals' decision-making in Pediatric Dentistry – a protocol for guiding discrete choice experiment focused on shortening the evidence-based practice implementation for dental care
Authors: Machado Gabriela Manco , Luca Ana Clara Falabello , Pereira Renata de Paz Leal , Fernandez Ana Yne , Rodrigues Lucas Gabriel Santini , Leite Isabella Petroline , Cenci Maximiliano Sergio , Cenci Tatiana Pereira , Santos Ana Paula Pires , Vieira Branca Heloisa de Oliveira Martins , Nadanovsky Paulo , Lima Marina de Deus Moura , Moura Marcoeli Silva , Lucena Edson Hilan Gomes , Lenzi Tathiane Larissa , Crispim Ana Carla , Carrer Fernanda Campos de Almeida , Gabriel Mariana , Lira Claudia Cazal , Gurgel Carla Vecchione , Pinheiro Helder Henrique Costa , Junior Gilberto Alfredo Pucca , Martins Fabio Carneiro , Calvasina Paola Gondim , Tricoli Maria Fernanda de Montezuma , Branco Camila Menezes Costa Castelo , Freitas Raiza Dias , Imparato José Carlos Pettorossi , Raggio Daniela Prócida , Tedesco Tamara Kerber , Mendes Fausto Medeiros , Braga Mariana Minatel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Important evidence has been constantly produced and needs to be converted into practice. Professional consumption of such evidence may be a barrier to its implementation. Then, effective implementation of evidence-based interventions in clinical practice leans on the understanding of how professionals value attributes when choosing between options for dental care, permitting to guide this implementation process by maximizing strengthens and minimizing barriers related to that.
Methods
This is part of a broader project investigating the potential of incorporating scientific evidence into clinical practice and public policy recommendations and guidelines, identifying strengths and barriers in such an implementation process. The present research protocol comprises a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) from the Brazilian oral health professionals' perspective, aiming to assess how different factors are associated with professional decision-making in dental care, including the role of scientific evidence. Different choice sets will be developed, either focusing on understanding the role of scientific evidence in the professional decision-making process or on understanding specific attributes associated with different interventions recently tested in randomized clinical trials and available as newly produced scientific evidence to be used in clinical practice.
Discussion
Translating research into practice usually requires time and effort. Shortening this process may be useful for faster incorporation into clinical practice and beneficial to the population. Understanding the context and professionals' decision-making preferences is crucial to designing more effective implementation and/or educational initiatives. Ultimately, we expect to design an efficient implementation strategy that overcomes threats and potential opportunities identified during the DCEs, creating a customized structure for dental professionals.
Trial registration
https://osf.io/bhncv
The role of RObotic surgery in EMergency setting (ROEM): protocol for a multicentre, observational, prospective international study on the use of robotic platform in emergency surgery.
Authors: Milone Marco , Anoldo Pietro , de'Angelis Nicola , Coccolini Federico , Khan Jim , Kluger Yoram , Sartelli Massimo , Ansaloni Luca , Morelli Luca , Zanini Nicola , Vallicelli Carlo , Vigutto Gabriele , Moore Ernest , Biffl Walter , Catena Fausto , N/A ROEM Collaborative group 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background Robotic surgery has gained widespread acceptance in elective interventions, yet its role in emergency procedures remains underexplored. While the 2021 WSES position paper discussed limited studies on the application of robotics in emergency general surgery, it recommended strict patient selection, adequate training, and improved platform accessibility. This prospective study aims to define the role of robotic surgery in emergency settings, evaluating intraoperative and postoperative outcomes and assessing its feasibility and safety.Methods The ROEM study is an observational, prospective, multicentre, international analysis of clinically stable adult patients undergoing robotic surgery for emergency treatment of acute pathologies including diverticulitis, cholecystitis, and obstructed hernias. Data collection includes patient demographics and intervention details. Furthermore, data relating to the operating theatre team and the surgical instruments used will be collected in order to conduct a cost analysis. The study plans to enrol at least 500 patients from 50 participating centres, with each centre having a local lead and collaborators. All data will be collected and stored online through a secure server running the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) web application. Ethical considerations and data governance will be paramount, requiring local ethical committee approvals from participating centres.Discussion Current literature and expert consensus suggest the feasibility of robotic surgery in emergencies with proper support. However, challenges include staff training, scheduling conflicts with elective surgeries, and increased costs. The ROEM study seeks to contribute valuable data on the safety, feasibility, and cost-effectiveness of robotic surgery in emergency settings, focusing on specific pathologies. Previous studies on cholecystitis, abdominal hernias, and diverticulitis provide insights into the benefits and challenges of robotic approaches. It is necessary to identify patient populations that benefit most from robotic emergency surgery to optimize outcomes and justify costs.
An Analytical Effect of Realistic Anchorage Systems on Bursting Force
Authors: Jain Monika , Khapre Rajendra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The anchorage area holds paramount significance in the structure of a post-tensioned concrete element. The anchorage systems hold a crucial role in the distribution of stresses in the anchorage region. These systems vary extensively depending on the magnitude of post-tensioning forces. Finite element simulation with a real-life anchorage system will provide realistic results which will help in predictions of accurate bursting tensile force due to post-tensioning. Owing to this, a detailed parametric study was performed by using ANSYS with four anchorage systems widely used in construction. Simulation techniques in ANSYS are adopted from the referred literature. An experimental investigation is also performed for the validation of numerical work. Various plots like transverse tensile stresses, and bursting tensile force are drawn to understand the effect of the anchorage system on the behavior of concrete beams. Based on the findings derived from finite element analysis, a formula is suggested to compute the bursting tensile force. The proposed equation is compared with, ACI/AASHTO, CSA, and IS1343. Important influencing parameters, which were missing in standard design codes, are incorporated in the proposed equation. It was found that the proposed equation predicts a more realistic bursting force in line with the newly introduced parameters.