bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Updated Comprehensive Pharmacovigilance Study of Drug‐Induced Thrombocytopenia Based on FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Data
Authors: Kunyu Li , Shuping Shi , Chang Su , Yiyue Cao , Qinyu Xiong , Ting Zhang , Bin Wu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDrug‐induced thrombocytopenia (DIT) deserves both clinical and research attention for the serious clinical consequences and high prevalence of the condition. The current study aimed to perform a comprehensive pharmacovigilance analysis of DIT reported in the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, with a particular focus on drugs associated with thrombocytopenia events. A disproportionality analysis of DIT was conducted using reports submitted to FARES from January 2004 to December 2022. Both the information component (IC) and reporting odds ratio (ROR) algorithms were applied to identify an association between target drugs and DIT events. A total of 15,940,383 cases were gathered in FAERS, 168,657 of which were related to DIT events. The top 50 drugs ranked by number of cases and ranked by signal strength were documented. The top 5 drugs ranked by number of cases were lenalidomide (10,601 cases), niraparib (3726 cases), ruxolitinib (3624 cases), eltrombopag (3483 cases), and heparin (3478 cases). The top 5 drugs ranked by signal strength were danaparoid (ROR 37.61, 95%CI 30.46‐46.45), eptifibatide (ROR 34.75, 95%CI 30.65‐39.4), inotersen (ROR 34.00, 95%CI 29.47‐39.23), niraparib (ROR 30.53, 95%CI 29.42‐31.69), and heparin (ROR 28.84, 95%CI 27.76‐29.97). The top 3 involved drug groups were protein kinase inhibitors, antimetabolites, and monoclonal antibodies and antibody‐drug conjugates. The current comprehensive pharmacovigilance study identified more drugs associated with thrombocytopenia. Although the mechanisms of DIT have been elucidated for some drugs, others still require further investigation.
Association of the TNF‐α‐308G>A gene polymorphism with left ventricular geometry and functional abnormalities in obstructive sleep apnea subjects
Authors: Chen Shuqiong , Wang Jian , Shui Wen , Xing Xueqing , Zhang Zhenxia , Hou Ran 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveTumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) can induce left ventricular remodeling. In this study, we investigated whether the TNF‐α‐308G>A polymorphism is associated with left ventricular geometry (LVG) and left ventricular functional abnormalities in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subjects.MethodsTwo hundred and seventy‐eight subjects were enrolled. Echocardiography and genetic data were assessed in all patients. Geometric patterns of the left ventricle were determined from the relative wall thickness and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Genetic analysis for the TNF‐α‐308G>A SNP rs1800629 was identified by Sanger sequencing. The correlations of the TNF‐α‐308G>A polymorphism with LVG and left ventricular function were analyzed by difference analysis and logistic regression.ResultsThe chi‐square test showed that there were differences in genotype distributions among the four groups (p = 0.033), such that the frequency of GA+AA genotypes was significantly higher in the concentric hypertrophy group than in the normal geometry group (p < 0.05). Independent sample T tests showed that the GA+AA genotypes had higher IVST, LVPWT, LVMI, E/e' values, and lower e' values than those of the GG genotype (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the TNF‐α‐308G>A polymorphism was independently correlated with eccentric hypertrophy (OR = 2.456, p = 0.047) and concentric hypertrophy (OR = 2.456, p = 0.047).ConclusionIn OSA patients, the TNF‐α‐308G>A polymorphism was linked to LVG and abnormal left ventricular diastolic function, suggesting that the TNF‐α‐308G>A polymorphism may have an important influence on LVG alterations.
Quantitative analysis of fractionated electrogram area of left atrium during right atrial pacing as an indicator of left atrial electrical remodeling in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sekihara Takayuki , Oka Takafumi , Ozu Kentaro , Sakata Yasushi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical significance of left atrial local electrogram fractionation after restoration of sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) has not been elucidated.MethodsWe evaluated ultrahigh‐resolution maps of the left atrium (LA) during RA pacing acquired after pulmonary vein isolation in 40 patients with AF. The association between low‐voltage area (LVA, <0.5 mV), fractionated electrogram area (FEA, the highlighted area with LUMIPOINT™ Complex Activation), the interval from onset of LA activation to wavefront collision at the mitral isthmus (LA activation time), and wave propagation velocity (WPV) was evaluated quantitatively.ResultsThe total LVA, total FEA with ≥5.0 peaks or ≥7.0 peaks were 7.0 ± 7.9 cm2, 15.9 ± 12.9 cm2, and 5.2 ± 7.5 cm2, respectively. These areas were predominantly observed in the anteroseptal region. Total LVA, total FEA with ≥5.0 peaks, and total FEA with ≥5.0 peaks in the normal voltage area (NVA: ≥0.5 mV) correlated with LA activation time (R = 0.69, 0.75, and 0.71; each p < .0001). In the anterior wall, these areas correlated with regional mean WPV (R = −0.75, −0.83, and − 0.55; each p < .0001) and the extent of slow conduction area (SCA) with WPV <0.3 m/s (R = 0.89, 0.84, 0.33; p < .0001 for LVA and FEA, p < .05 for FEA located in NVA). The anterior wall FEA with ≥7.0 peaks and that in the NVA showed a better correlation in predicting anterior wall SCA (R = 0.92 and 0.86, each p < .0001).ConclusionQuantitative analysis of FEA together with LVA may facilitate the assessment of LA electrical remodeling.
Laparoscopic surgery for adrenocortical carcinoma: Estimating the risk of margin‐positive resection
Authors: Carlisle Kendyl , Blackburn Kyle W. , Japp Emily A. , McArdle Patrick F. , Turner Douglas J. , Terhune Julia H. , Englum Brian R. , Smith Philip W. , Hu Yinin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundOver recent years, there has been increasing adoption of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). However, MIS has been associated with noncurative resection and locoregional recurrence. We aimed to identify risk factors for margin‐positivity among patients who undergo MIS resection for ACC. We hypothesized that a simple nomogram can accurately identify patients most suitable for curative MIS resection.MethodsCurative‐intent resections for ACC were identified through the National Cancer Database spanning 2010–2018. Trends in MIS utilization were reported using Pearson correlation coefficients. Factors associated with margin‐positive resection were identified among preoperatively available variables using multivariable logistic regression, then incorporated into a predictive model. Model quality was cross validated using an 80% training data set and 20% test data set.ResultsAmong 1260 ACC cases, 38.6% (486) underwent MIS resection. MIS utilization increased over time at nonacademic centers (R = 0.818, p = 0.007), but not at academic centers (R = 0.009, p = 0.982). Factors associated with margin‐positive MIS resection were increasing age, nonacademic center (odds ratio [OR]: 1.8, p = 0.006), cT3 (OR: 4.7, p < 0.001) or cT4 tumors (OR: 14.6, p < 0.001), and right‐sided tumors (OR: 2.0, p = 0.006). A predictive model incorporating these four factors produced favorable c‐statistics of 0.75 in the training data set and 0.72 in the test data set. A pragmatic nomogram was created to enable bedside risk stratification.ConclusionsAn increasing proportion of ACC are resected via minimally invasive operations, particularly at nonacademic centers. Patient selection based on a few key factors can minimize the risk of noncurative surgery.
Thresholding approaches for estimating paraspinal muscle fat infiltration using T1‐ and T2‐weighted MRI: Comparative analysis using water–fat MRI
Authors: Ornowski Jessica , Dziesinski Lucas , Hess Madeline , Krug Roland , Fortin Maryse , Torres‐Espin Abel , Majumdar Sharmila , Pedoia Valentina , Bonnheim Noah B. , Bailey Jeannie F. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundParaspinal muscle fat infiltration is associated with spinal degeneration and low back pain, however, quantifying muscle fat using clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques continues to be a challenge. Advanced MRI techniques, including chemical‐shift encoding (CSE) based water–fat MRI, enable accurate measurement of muscle fat, but such techniques are not widely available in routine clinical practice.MethodsTo facilitate assessment of paraspinal muscle fat using clinical imaging, we compared four thresholding approaches for estimating muscle fat fraction (FF) using T1‐ and T2‐weighted images, with measurements from water–fat MRI as the ground truth: Gaussian thresholding, Otsu's method, K‐mean clustering, and quadratic discriminant analysis. Pearson's correlation coefficients (r), mean absolute errors, and mean bias errors were calculated for FF estimates from T1‐ and T2‐weighted MRI with water–fat MRI for the lumbar multifidus (MF), erector spinae (ES), quadratus lumborum (QL), and psoas (PS), and for all muscles combined.ResultsWe found that for all muscles combined, FF measurements from T1‐ and T2‐weighted images were strongly positively correlated with measurements from the water–fat images for all thresholding techniques (r = 0.70–0.86, p < 0.0001) and that variations in inter‐muscle correlation strength were much greater than variations in inter‐method correlation strength.ConclusionWe conclude that muscle FF can be quantified using thresholded T1‐ and T2‐weighted MRI images with relatively low bias and absolute error in relation to water–fat MRI, particularly in the MF and ES, and the choice of thresholding technique should depend on the muscle and clinical MRI sequence of interest.
Multilayered Microneedles for Triphasic Controlled Delivery of Small Molecules and Proteins
Authors: Wright Nathaniel , Wu Tim , Wang Yadong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTransdermal delivery is an attractive delivery method that increases bioavailability, is suitable for a wide variety of therapeutics, and offers stable delivery outcomes. However, many therapeutics are unable to readily cross the stratum corneum. Microneedles mechanically disrupt the cutaneous barrier to deliver small molecules, proteins, and vaccines. To date, microneedles have not been used in conjunction with coacervate, a liquid–liquid phase separation that protects unstable proteins. A three‐layer microneedle for the controlled release of three different molecules is designed. Through micromolding, microneedles are efficiently generated, which benefits product scalability. The microneedles have good mechanical integrity and effectively penetrate porcine skin ex vivo. The three layers, in the microneedles, release the cargo in a three‐phase manner. The released protein maintains its structure well. Moreover, layer thickness can be controlled by varying fabrication parameters. The microneedles can incorporate both small molecule drugs and protein therapeutics, thus promising uses in multi‐drug therapies through a single treatment.
The impact of water exchange on estimates of myocardial extracellular volume calculated using contrast enhanced T1 measurements: A preliminary analysis in patients with severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Sharrack Noor , Biglands John D. , Broadbent David A. , Kellman Peter , Chow Kelvin , Greenwood John P. , Levelt Eylem , Plein Sven , Buckley David L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeGuidelines recommend measuring myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) using T1‐mapping before and 10–30 min after contrast agent administration. Data are then analyzed using a linear model (LM), which assumes fast water exchange (WX) between the ECV and cardiomyocytes. We investigated whether limited WX influences ECV measurements in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS).MethodsTwenty‐five patients with severe AS and 5 healthy controls were recruited. T1 measurements were made on a 3 T Siemens system using a multiparametric saturation‐recovery single‐shot acquisition (a) before contrast; (b) 4 min post 0.05 mmol/kg gadobutrol; and (c) 4 min, (d) 10 min, and (e) 30 min after an additional gadobutrol dose (0.1 mmol/kg). Three LM‐based ECV estimates, made using paired T1 measurements (a and b), (a and d), and (a and e), were compared to ECV estimates made using all 5 T1 measurements and a two‐site exchange model (2SXM) accounting for WX.ResultsMedian (range) ECV estimated using the 2SXM model was 25% (21%–39%) for patients and 26% (22%–29%) for controls. ECV estimated in patients using the LM at 10 min following a cumulative contrast dose of 0.15 mmol/kg was 21% (17%–32%) and increased significantly to 22% (19%–35%) at 30 min (p = 0.0001). ECV estimated using the LM was highest following low dose gadobutrol, 25% (19%–38%).ConclusionCurrent guidelines on contrast agent dose for ECV measurements may lead to underestimated ECV in patients with severe AS because of limited WX. Use of a lower contrast agent dose may mitigate this effect.
The Use of Platelet‐Rich Fibrin and Polypropylene Mesh in Repair of Nasal Septal Perforation
Authors: Ulusoy Bülent , Uğraş Serdar , Uslu Vedat , Elsürer Çağdaş , Körez Muslu Kazım 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the use of polypropylene mesh and platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) in nasal septal perforation (NSP) repair.Study DesignProspective experimental study.SettingLaboratory.MethodsTwenty‐four adult male New Zealand rabbits were used in our study. In all subjects, a 10 × 10 mm perforation was created in the septum. The subjects were divided into 3 equal groups according to the different methods used in perforation closure. The bilateral mucosal flap was used in the control group, polypropylene mesh + bilateral mucosal flap in the mesh group, and polypropylene mesh + bilateral mucosal flap + PRF in the mesh + PRF group.ResultsNSP treatment success rate was found to be significantly higher in the mesh (4/6, 66.7%) and mesh + PRF (6/6, 100%) groups compared to the control group (0/6, 0%). Re‐epithelialization score was higher in the mesh + PRF group and the control group compared to the mesh group. While the necrosis, neutrophil, and abscess scores were highest in the mesh group, they were similar to the control group in the mesh + PRF group.ConclusionsWhile polypropylene mesh significantly increases the success rate in NSP repair, it causes severe inflammatory responses. However, when polypropylene mesh is combined with PRF, it both increases the rate of perforation closure and significantly reduces the complications associated with the use of mesh.
A novel wood fiber/waterborne epoxy resin composite with high fiber content and performance fabricated by a green and simple process
Authors: Yang Zhaozhe , Chen Jian , Zhan Xun , Wu Guomin , Kong Zhenwu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDeveloping green and high‐strength composites with feasible manufacturing process is desirable for advanced applications in construction, transportation, automotive, aerospace, and so on. A novel green and high‐strength wood fiber (WF)/waterborne epoxy resin (WEP) composite with high fiber content, low‐cost, and simple processing was proposed in this study. WF was simply and directly mixed with WEP and the mixture was hot‐pressed to mold the composite. The optimal tensile and flexural strength of 98 MPa and 155 MPa were achieved at 80% WF content, which were superior to those of traditional WF/EP composites. The interphase thickness of 220 nm of WF/WEP composite was more than twice as high as that of 109 nm of WF/EP composite, which was resulted from the penetration of WEP in the micro‐nano structure of WF. Furthermore, the thermal performance of WF/WEP composite was also promoted compared to those of WF/EP composites. This work demonstrated that composites with high WF content could achieve high performance and exhibit significant potential in many applications.Highlights
Wood fiber/waterborne epoxy resin composites fabricated by a green and simple process.
Optimal mechanical properties were achieved at 80% wood fiber content.
WEP penetrated in the micro‐nano structure of WF.
The composites with high WF content achieve high performance.
Investigation on carbon fiber fracture mechanism of honeycomb composites in longitudinal‐torsional ultrasonic‐assisted milling processes
Authors: Shi Zhanli , Chen Chen , Yang Zhiyong , Bao Yongjie , Gong Yongjun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA multi‐edge micro‐tooth longitudinal‐torsional ultrasonic‐assisted milling (LTUAM) model was established based on the hard brittle characteristics of carbon fiber honeycomb composites and the weak strength characteristics of the hole wall interface. The study analyzed the effects of ultrasonic characterization parameters on the cutting force, honeycomb wall width, and surface morphology. The results indicate that using LTUAM significantly reduced the cutting force and decreased the length and height of the burrs at an appropriate ultrasound amplitude. The spindle speed had the least impact on the width of the honeycomb wall, but increased with the longitudinal‐torsional ultrasonic amplitude and feed rate. The maximum error between the simulated and experimental cutting force values was approximately 19%. The longitudinal amplitude and torsional amplitude were 3 and 5 μm, respectively, the length of burrs decreased by 52.7%, and there was less delamination and tearing damage. LTUAM proved to be beneficial in improving cutting performance. Compared with conventional milling (CM), LTUAM resulted in regular fiber fracture morphology and smaller fragments on the honeycomb surface. In addition, the high‐frequency ultrasonic vibration promoted carbon fiber fracture and the surface roughness value under LTUAM was approximately 36.72% smaller than that of CM.Highlights
Ultrasonic milling mechanism of carbon honeycomb is studied.
Kinematic simulation of the tool of carbon honeycomb was studied during LTUAM.
LTUAM promotes the fracture of carbon fibers.
A multi‐edge micro‐tooth LTUAM model was established of carbon honeycomb.
Deformation of the cell wall can be avoided by ultrasonic vibration of the cutter.
Influence of water absorption track and pre‐drying treatment on the long‐term hydrothermal aging behavior of recycled jute fabric‐reinforced composites
Authors: Yu Ying , Zhao Defang , Yu Lichao , Ren Tianxiang , Hamada Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCorrosion resistance and durability are always considered in the safety design of composite materials. In this study, recycled jute woven fabrics from coffee bags were used to fabricate jute/unsaturated polyester composites. The effect of water absorption and pre‐drying treatment on the long‐term hydrothermal aging behavior of the prepared composites, as well as the aging mechanism, was discussed. The hydrothermal aging test was performed at a fixed temperature of 80°C for specified conditioning times of 24, 120, 240, 480, and 720 h. Weight gain and weight loss values were recorded and compared. The mechanical properties were evaluated using a three‐point bending test and observations of the fracture area. The results showed similar water uptake and flexural behaviors between the composites with different pre‐drying treatments, especially after long‐term hydrothermal aging. It was also found that the moisture diffusion of the composite followed a Fickian process, and the flexural properties of the bending specimens at every position reduced with the aging time and initially decreased rapidly during the first 24 h of aging. In particular, the reduction rate in flexural properties generally followed the sequence of NO.1 > NO.2 > NO.6 > NO.5. Additionally, the aging mechanism study revealed three steps for the composites during the water absorption process. The inclusion of jute fiber as a composite material in this research provides insight into the water‐absorption mechanism of jute fabric‐reinforced polymer composite (JFRP).Highlights
Recycled jute fabric‐reinforced composites were produced using jute fabrics obtained from recycled coffee bags.
The effect of the water absorption track and pre‐drying treatment on the long‐term hydrothermal aging behavior of recycled jute fiber‐reinforced composite and its aging mechanism is discussed.
The clarification of the aging mechanism indicates that there are three steps involved in the water absorption process.
Considering jute fiber as a composite could help explain the water‐absorbing mechanism of JFRP.
Anti‐Culex pipiens activity of different pomegranate cultivars and determination of their bioactive compounds using LC‐MS profiling
Authors: Salem Alaa M. , Farag Shaimaa M. , Gad Haidy A. , Al‐Sayed Eman , El‐Ahmady Sherweit H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionPomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peels are rich in various bioactive compounds. Characterization of these compounds is crucial for the utilization of peel waste in industrial processing.ObjectiveThe study aimed (1) to establish and compare the metabolic profiles of the peel of seven pomegranate cultivars and (2) to identify bioactive compounds contributing to the larvicidal activity against the third instar larvae of Culex pipiens.Materials and MethodsUPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS was utilized to analyze peel methanol extracts of different pomegranate cultivars. The larvicidal activity was determined by calculating the larval mortality among the third instar larvae of C. pipiens. Multivariate data analysis was conducted to identify the metabolites that exhibited a larvicidal effect.ResultsA total of 24 metabolites, including hydrolyzable tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids, were tentatively identified in both negative and positive ionization modes. The extract of cultivar ‘Black’ exhibited the most potent larvicidal effect with LC50 values of 185.15, 156.84, and 138.12 ppm/mL after 24, 48, and 72 h of treatment, respectively. By applying chemometric techniques, the larvicidal activity could be directly correlated to the bioactive compounds punicalagin, quercetin‐O‐rhamnoside, quercetin‐O‐pentoside, and galloyl‐HHDP‐glucose.ConclusionThe present study implemented UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS and chemometric techniques as potential tools for metabolomics analysis and differentiation between peels of different pomegranate cultivars. In addition, cultivar ‘Black’ extract could be a promising natural insecticide against mosquitoes since it is rich in bioactive compounds with larvicidal activity.
Epitaxial regrowth
Authors: Hogg Richard 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHow can design engineers use epitaxial regrowth to enhance semiconductor laser performance and unlock new markets? First, we need to take a closer look at the relatively mature, epitaxial regrowth process for indium phosphide (InP) lasers, commonly used in 5G, datacomms, telecoms and co‐located optics applications. Then we can consider gallium arsenide (GaAs), a less mature material system, which suits a multitude of emerging industrial, biomedical imaging, datacomms, and sensing laser applications.