bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La grandeur de l’existence face à la petitesse du poème
Authors: Fernández Aranaz Irene 
Published: January 2024

La poesía, género literario de la condensación y de la brevedad, ha captado desde siempre el fugitivo momento presente: la emoción del instante. Toda la inmensidad humana y sus vínculos con el mundo quedan recogidos en lapidarios versos que ensalzan el gozo del vivir. Esto se hace aún más evidente en la concentrada lírica del haiku y del tanka, donde unas formas muy limitadas cumplen con la inabarcable función poética. Estas composiciones, de origen japonés, nos permiten vislumbrar, mejor que ninguna otra manifestación literaria, la transitoriedad perenne. Este artículo se centra en el minimalista y poderoso arte del haiku y el tanka en el poemario Montagnes de cendres (Les Impliqués Éditeur, 2020) de Bernard Anton, una verdadera muestra de las escenas humanas vividas durante la pandemia del covid-19. La mirada de águila del poeta se posa en la vívida naturaleza y sus cíclicas estaciones, una mirada alejada de los hechos, pero cercana a las sensaciones y revelando la grandeza de la existencia frente a la brevedad del poema.
La poésie, genre littéraire de la condensation et de la brièveté, a toujours capté la fugacité du moment présent : l'émotion de l'instant. Toute l'immensité humaine et ses liens avec le monde sont saisis dans des vers lapidaires qui exaltent la joie de vivre. Ceci est encore plus évident dans le lyrisme concentré du haïku et du tanka, où des formes très limitées remplissent la fonction poétique illimitée. Ces compositions, d'origine japonaise, nous permettent d'entrevoir, mieux que toute autre manifestation littéraire, l'éternelle fugacité. Cet article s'intéresse à l'art minimaliste et puissant du haïku et du tanka dans le recueil de poèmes Montagnes de cendres de Bernard Anton (Les Impliqués Éditeur, 2020), véritable échantillon des scènes humaines vécues lors de la pandémie de covid-19. Le regard d'aigle du poète se pose sur la nature vivante et ses saisons cycliques, un regard éloigné des faits, mais proche des sensations et révélant la grandeur de l'existence face à la brièveté du poème.
Portraits d’artistes dans les récits brefs d’Alphonse Daudet
Authors: Hirchwald Gabrielle 
Published: January 2024

Las figuras de artistas en los relatos breves de Daudet pertenecen a varios tipos: poetas, escultores, músicos o pintores. De las Lettres de mon moulin (1869) a Femmes d’artistes (1874), su representación saca a la luz su relación con la libertad desde un punto de vista individual, sociológico e histórico. Como narrador poeta, Daudet confronta al artista con la verdad, el matrimonio, la guerra y la historia, al ofrecer un autorretrato. Estos relatos de juventud contienen en germen la obra futura del novelista.
The figures of artists in Daudet’s short stories belong to various types: poets, sculptors, musicians or painters. From the Lettres de mon moulin (1869) to Les Femmes d’artistes (1874), their representation reveals their relationship to freedom from an individual, sociological and historical point of view. As a poet storyteller, Daudet confronts the artist with the truth, marriage, war and history, even offering a self-portrait. These youthful short stories contain the seeds of the whole future work of the novelist.
Le livret d’opéra: l’art du « petit livre » et de la brièveté narratologique
Authors: Robin Mathilde 
Published: January 2024

Este artículo reflexiona sobre la importancia del libreto de ópera como género literario de pleno derecho, a pesar de su carácter pequeño y breve. De hecho, se subestima a menudo su calidad literaria, debido a su soporte multiartístico, que puede desplazar la atención hacia sus cualidades musicales y escenográficas. Además, la extensión de la obra está condicionada por las características específicas del canto y de la obra operística. De por sí, el término “libreto” ya es una muestra de esta dimensión breve y corta, aquí con una connotación peyorativa, que subraya la condescendencia que genera en el ámbito literario. Sin embargo, señalamos la omnipresencia de la literatura en la ópera, ya que sus relatos a menudo derivan de obras literarias conocidas. Nuestro interés radica entonces en el arte de la riduzione, un proceso que depende del talento de los libretistas y compositores para reducir un relato literario a una versión más breve, adaptada al escenario operístico, pero también enriquecida por sus cualidades musicales y escenográficas añadidas.
Cet article considère l'importance du livret d'opéra en tant que genre littéraire à part entière, malgré sa nature réduite et brève. En effet, sa qualité littéraire est souvent sous-estimée, en raison de son support multi-artistique, qui détourne l'attention de ses qualités musicales et scénographiques. De plus, la longueur de l'œuvre est conditionnée par les caractéristiques spécifiques de l'opéra. Le terme "livret" est déjà un signe de cette dimension courte et brève, ici avec une connotation péjorative, soulignant la condescendance qu'il génère au sein de la sphère littéraire. Nous rappelons cependant l'omniprésence de la littérature dans l'opéra, puisque ses récits sont souvent issus d'œuvres littéraires notoires. Notre intérêt se porte alors sur l'art de la riduzione, un processus qui dépend de la grande habileté des librettistes et des compositeurs à réduire un récit littéraire en une version plus courte, adaptée à la scène lyrique, mais aussi enrichie par l'ajout de nouveaux éléments musicaux et scénographiques.
One‐step functionalization of an ethylene/propylene random copolymer with two different reactive groups
Authors: Passaglia Elisa , Corsi Leopoldo , Aglietto Mauro , Ciardelli Francesco , Michelotti Marco , Suffredini Giampiero 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe efficiency of a macromolecular compatibilizer for reactive blending is strongly dependent on its potentiality of producing a grafted or block copolymer during processing. For the preparation of such a compatibilizer, the grafting of two different reactive groups onto the backbones of ethylene/propylene copolymer macromolecules was performed. The ethylene/propylene (70/30) copolymer was then processed in a Brabender mixer at 190°C in the presence of a mixture of maleic anhydride and diethylmaleate with either dicumyl peroxide or di‐tert‐butyl peroxide as an initiator. The experiments clearly showed that the two functionalities, 2‐diethyl succinate and 2‐succinic anhydride, could be grafted in one step. The effect of the feed composition demonstrated that the two monomers influenced the reciprocal reactivity and the resulting product. A detailed Fourier transform infrared analysis of the grafted macromolecules was performed, and the respective amounts of ester and anhydride derived groups were detected by deconvolution of the vibrational bands in the carbonyl spectral region. The validity of the process on an industrial scale was tested by the successful performance of the reaction in a twin‐screw extruder. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 14–23, 2003
Chemical modification of polydienic elastomers by organophosphorated reagents
Authors: Derouet Daniel , Brosse Jean‐Claude , Cauret Laurent , Morvan Frédérique , Mulder‐Houdayer Stéphanie 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe synthesis of 1,4‐polyisoprenes bearing organophosphorated groups in the side positions of polydiene chains was considered with a chemical modification procedure. The grafting of phosphorated groups along polyisoprene chains was carried out via the reaction of the acid functionality (POH) of phosphate or phosphonate acid reagents with oxirane rings previously created on a 1,4‐polyisoprene backbone. The reagents considered were dibutylphosphate and 2‐chloroethylphosphonic acid. The purpose was to compare the action of these two reagents toward epoxidized units of 1,4‐epoxidized polyisoprenes in various media (solvent, bulk, and latex). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 47–60, 2003
CARD15 mutations in familial granulomatosis syndromes: A study of the original Blau syndrome kindred and other families with large‐vessel arteritis and cranial neuropathy
Authors: Wang Xiaoju , Kuivaniemi Helena , Bonavita Gina , Mutkus Lysette , Mau Ulrike , Blau Edward , Inohara Naohiro , Nunez Gabriel , Tromp Gerard , Williams Charlene J. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the CARD15 gene in families with heritable multi‐organ granulomatoses, including the original Blau syndrome kindred as well as other families with related granulomatous conditions.MethodsLinkage mapping was performed in 10 families. Observed recombination events were used to exclude regions centromeric or telomeric to 16q12.1, and the Blau gene critical region was refined to <3 cM, corresponding to a physical distance of 3.5 megabasepairs. Based on its known biochemical function, CARD15 was analyzed as a positional candidate for the Blau syndrome susceptibility gene, by direct DNA sequencing.ResultsThese studies resulted in the identification, in 5 of the families, of 2 sequence variants at position 334 of the gene product (R334W and R334Q). Affected family members from the original Blau syndrome kindred were heterozygous for the R334W missense mutation; mutations at the same position were also observed in several unrelated Blau syndrome families, some of whose phenotypes included large‐vessel arteritis and cranial neuropathy. The missense mutations segregated with the disease phenotype in the families, and were not seen in 208 control alleles.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that CARD15 is an important susceptibility gene for Blau syndrome and for other familial granulomatoses that display phenotypic traits beyond those of classic Blau syndrome.
Distribution of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone immunoreactivity in the brain of larval and adult sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus L.
Authors: Del Carmen De Andrés María , Anadón Ramón , Manso María Jesús , González María José 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study investigated the distribution of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone‐immunoreactive (TRHir) neurons and fibers in the brain and retina of lampreys. Our results in the brains of large larvae and upstream‐migrating adults of the sea lamprey showed the presence of TRHir neurons mainly in the preoptic region and the hypothalamus. A few TRHir neurons were also found in the striatum. The number and staining intensity of TRHir neurons increased from larval stages to adulthood, and the distribution of TRHir populations was wider in adults. The TRHir fibers were more easily traced in adults. Some TRHir fibers entered the neurohypophysis, although most fibers coursed in the different regions of the brain, mostly in the basal region, from the forebrain to the hindbrain. The presence of TRHir stellate cells was observed in the adenohypophysis. In the retina of adult lampreys, but not in that of larvae, TRHir amacrine cells are present. J. Comp. Neurol. 453:323–335, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
77Se,19F 2D NMR correlation spectroscopy of fluoro(organylseleno)alkenes and ‐alkanes
Authors: Poleschner Helmut , Seppelt Konrad 
Published: November 2002

Abstract77Se,19F{1H} shift correlated two‐dimensional NMR measurements on mixtures of organofluoroselenium compounds are presented for assignment of the 77Se and 19F resonances. The regioisomeric fluoro(phenylseleno)alkenes BuCFC(SePh)R and RCFC(SePh)Bu with R = Me, Et and nPr and the diastereomeric pair EtCHFCH(SeAr*)Et with a chiral aryl group Ar* and PhSeCHCF2 were investigated as model compounds. 77Se,19F correlation peaks resulting from J(Se,F) coupling constants from 41 down to 4 Hz were measured. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of timber buildings under high wind loads
Authors: Rosowsky David V 
Published: November 2002

AbstractTimber structures often represent the largest percentage of structures built in regions at greatest risk of hurricanes and other high wind events. In countries in which wood structures are common, they often comprise the majority of residential, light commercial, and other low‐rise structures. This paper addresses some of the important issues in the performance of wood buildings subject to high wind loads. Implications for design are addressed and recent and on‐going research is discussed. Developments in the codes and standards areas and future research directions also are discussed.
Cambridge composition
Authors: Ray Nicholas 
Published: October 2002

The nature of architectural design in the early twenty-first century
is considered through a comparison between the author's recent
design for a university hostel and earlier examples of the genre.This project was designed by a Lecturer in
Architecture at Cambridge for one of its Colleges. It is
occupied by undergraduates, some of them
architecture students, and during its construction it
was used as a teaching case study. The design is
somewhat ‘didactic’ in nature, attempting to be
quite explicit in its thematic and formal procedures;
stylistically, it can be seen as an examination of the
possibilities inherent in a late modernist tradition.
For this reason, and because of its privileged site and
budget, it offers an opportunity for some reflections
on architectural composition at the beginning of the
twenty-first century, in relation to earlier traditions
of formal manipulation.
RhoA kinase and protein kinase C participate in regulation of rabbit stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction
Authors: Ratz Paul H , Meehl Joel T , Eddinger Thomas J 
Published: November 2002

The degree to which the RhoA kinase (ROK) blockers, Y‐27632 (1 μM) and HA‐1077 (10 μM), and the PKC blocker, GF‐109203X (1 μM), reduced force produced by carbachol, a muscarinic receptor agonist, and phenylephrine, an α‐adrenoceptor agonist, was examined in rabbit stomach fundus smooth muscle.
When examining the effect on cumulative carbachol concentration‐response curves (CRCs), ROK and PKC blockers shifted the potency (EC50) to the right but did not reduce the maximum response.
In a single‐dose carbachol protocol using moderate (∼EC50) and maximum carbachol concentrations, Y‐27632 and HA‐1077 reduced peak force, but GF‐109203X had no effect. By contrast, all three agents inhibited the carbachol contractions of rabbit bladder (detrusor) smooth muscle.
Compared to carbachol, phenylephrine produced a weaker maximum response that was not inhibited by phentolamine, atropine nor capsaicin but was inhibited by Y‐27632, HA‐1077 and GF‐109203X.
In detrusor, classical down‐regulation occurred, but in fundus, up‐regulation of responsiveness occurred. This up‐regulation in fundus may have been a post‐receptor event, because a KCl‐induced contraction produced after a carbachol CRC was stronger than one produced before the carbachol stimulus.
In conclusion, these data suggest that ROK plays a critical role in the regulation of rabbit fundus smooth muscle contraction, which is distinct from chicken gizzard smooth muscle, where ROK is reported to exist but to not play a role in muscarinic receptor‐induced contraction. Additional unique findings are that PKC participates in phenylephrine‐ but not carbachol‐induced contraction in fundus, that carbachol does not activate identical subcellular signalling systems in fundus and detrusor, and that fundus, unlike detrusor, responds to carbachol stimulation with post‐receptor up‐regulation of contraction.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2002) 137, 983–992. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704952
Functional consequences of perinatal exposure to3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine in rat brain
Authors: Kelly Paul A T , Ritchie Isobel M , Quate Linda , McBean Douglas E , Olverman Henry J 
Published: November 2002

In this study we have examined methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‐induced toxicity in perinatal rat brain, related this to normal development of serotonin transporter sites (SERT), and determined whether early exposure to MDMA subsequently alters cerebral function in adults.
Perinatal development of SERT was visualized and quantified using [3H]‐paroxetine binding autoradiography in embryonic and neonatal rat brain from embryonic day 15 (E15) to postnatal day 30 (P30). Cerebral glucose utilization (lCMRglu) was measured by 2‐deoxyglucose autoradiography in adult rats.
[3H]‐Paroxetine binding was observed in forebrain from E18. From birth (P0), binding was organized into neocortical columns (75% higher at P10 than in adult) which declined toward adult levels between P20 and P25.
MDMA treatment (20 mg kg−1 s.c. twice daily for four days) commencing at developmental stages from E15 (treatment given to dams) to P20, had no effect upon [3H]‐paroxetine binding measured at P40. Treatments started on P25 or later resulted in significant decreases in [3H]‐paroxetine binding (46%). This was coincident with the development of adult patterns of binding in forebrain.
Despite the lack of MDMA‐induced neurotoxicity, rats treated in utero (E15) showed increased lCMRglu in locus coeruleus (+37%), and in areas receiving ascending noradrenergic innervation, such as anterior thalamus (+44%) and septal nucleus (+24%).
These studies confirm that the susceptibility of serotonergic terminals to the neurotoxic properties of MDMA is absent in the immediate perinatal period, but also suggests that in utero MDMA exposure produces significant long‐term effects on cerebral function by a mechanism as yet unknown.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2002) 137, 963–970. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704961
Toughening of polypropylene with styrene/ethylene‐butylene/styrene tri‐block copolymer: Effects of reactive and nonreactive compatibilization
Authors: Bassani A. , Pessan L. A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effects of compatibilization on the toughening of polypropylene (PP) by melt blending with styrene/ethylene‐butylene/styrene tri‐block copolymer (SEBS) in a twin‐screw extruder were investigated. The compatibilizers used were SEBS functionalized with maleic anhydride (SEBS‐g‐MA), PP functionalized with acrylic acid (PP‐g‐AA), and bifunctional compound p‐phenylenediamine (PPD). The effects of the compatibilization were evaluated through the mechanical properties as well as through the determination of the phase morphology of the blends by scanning electron microscopy. Reactive compatibilized blends show up to a 30‐fold increase in impact strength compared with neat PP; likely the result of the reaction of the bifunctional compound (PPD) with the acid acrylic and maleic anhydride groups, this increase in strength rendered both morphological and mechanical stability to these blends. The addition of PPD to the blends significantly changed their phase morphologies, leading to larger average diameters of the dispersed particles, probably as a result of the morphological stabilization at the initial processing steps during extrusion, with the occurrence of chemical reactions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3466–3479, 2002
Synthesis and characterization of liquid crystalline polymers containing aromatic ester mesogen and a nonmesogenic ferrocene unit in the spacer
Authors: Kannan P. , Senthil S. , Vijayakumar R. , Marimuthu R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new series of liquid crystalline polymers containing aromatic triad ester mesogen and 1,1′‐disubstituted ferrocene as a nonmesogenic unit along with polymethylene spacer was synthesized. The polymer was synthesized by a room temperature polycondensation reaction between bis(4‐chloroformyl phenyloxy alkyl ferrocene dicarboxylate) and quinol. The alkyl groups have been varied by an even number of methylene groups with a range from two to ten groups. All the polymers were found to possess liquid crystalline properties. The identification of the mesophase is more transparent with an increase in the spacer. The thermal characteristics were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results reveal that the thermal stability of the polymers was decreased with increasing spacer length. The Tg, Tm, and Ti of the polymers decreased with increasing methylene groups. The incorporation of the ferrocene moiety also has a considerable effect on the glass transition temperature. The char yield of the polymer decreases with an increasing methylene chain length. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3494–3501, 2002
Preparation of soluble copolyurethaneimide containing oxyethylene and oxypropylene units
Authors: Kim In‐Chul , Kim Jong‐Ho , Lee Kew‐Ho , Tak Tae‐Moon 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSoluble copolyurethaneimides were synthesized by the isocyanate method in a solution of N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP). The isocyanate‐terminated prepolyurethane prepared from low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) and methylene diisocyanate was reacted with pyromellitic dianhydride at high temperature. The resulting copolyurethaneimides were soluble in polar solvents like N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone and N,N'‐dimethylformamide. The film‐forming properties were investigated by changing the molecular weights of PEG and PPG. With PPG, the film‐forming property was enhanced. The inherent viscosity, solubility, thermal property, molecular weight distribution, and mechanical property were compared with the aromatic polyimide. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3502–3507, 2002
Preparation of polymer/silica nanoscale hybrids through sol‐gel method involving emulsion polymers. II. Poly(ethyl acrylate)/SiO2
Authors: Tong Xin , Tang Tao , Feng Zhiliu , Huang Baotong 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPoly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA)/SiO2 hybrids with different compositions were prepared under different casting temperatures and pH values. Their morphology as investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that samples with different compositions have different morphologies. When the SiO2 content is lower, PEA is the continuous phase and SiO2 is the dispersed phase. At higher SiO2 content, the change in phase morphology takes place, nd PEA gradually dispersing in the form of latex particles in SiO2 matrix. Change in phase morphology depends mainly on the time the sol‐gel transition occurs. At suitable casting temperature and pH value, PEA/SiO2 in 95/5 and 50/50 hybrids with even dispersion was obtained. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3532–3536, 2002
Real‐time temperature and photon transmission measurements for monitoring phase separation during the formation of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) gels
Authors: Kara Selim , Okay Oguz , Pekcan Onder 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPhase separation during the formation of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) hydrogels was investigated using real‐time photon transmission and temperature measurements. The hydrogels were prepared by free‐radical crosslinking polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) in the presence of N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (BAAm) as a crosslinker in an aqueous solution. The onset reaction temperature T0 was varied between 20 and 28°C. Following an induction period, all the gelation experiments resulted in exothermic reaction profiles. A temperature increase of 6.5 ± 0.6°C was observed in the experiments. It was shown that the temperature increase during the formation and growth process of PNIPA gels is accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in the transmitted light intensities Itr. The decrease in Itr at temperatures below the lower critical solution temperature of PNIPA was explained by the concentration fluctuations due to the inhomogeneity in the gel network. At higher temperatures, it was shown that the gel system undergoes a phase transition via a spinodal decomposition process. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3589–3595, 2002