bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Frequency Tail Risk Premium and Stock Return Predictability
Authors: Almeida Caio , Ardison Kym , Freire Gustavo , Garcia René , Orłowski Piotr 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe propose a novel measure of the market return tail risk premium based on minimum-distance state price densities recovered from high-frequency data. The tail risk premium extracted from intra-day S&P 500 returns predicts the market equity and variance risk premiums and expected excess returns on a cross section of characteristics-sorted portfolios. Additionally, we describe the differential role of the quantity of tail risk, and of the tail premium, in shaping the future distribution of index returns. Our results are robust to controlling for established measures of variance and tail risk, and of risk premiums, in the predictive models.
Premature closure of the arterial duct presenting with right heart failure of the fetus and ductal aneurysm postnatally
Authors: Michelitsch Mathias , Wiedemann Dominik , Schermer Elisabeth , Zimpfer Daniel , Michel-Behnke Ina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn utero idiopathic constriction of the arterial duct is a rare condition with only a handful reported cases. Ductal aneurysms with thrombus formations on the other hand are significantly more common. We report a case of a term infant who presented with right heart failure due to premature ductal closure and postnatal severe respiratory distress. Subsequent diagnostics revealed paresis of left laryngeal nerve and obstruction of the left pulmonary artery secondary to a ductal aneurysm. Consequently, surgical intervention was considered necessary. Post-operatively, right ventricular function and hoarseness resolved slowly.
Parents’ experiences of infant and young child feeding during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland
Authors: O’Sullivan Elizabeth J , Kennedy Aileen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjective:The WHO has urged member states to develop preparedness plans for infant and young child feeding (IYCF) during emergencies. Ireland has no such plan. We aimed to identify the needs of caregivers in Ireland with regards IYCF during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design:Online survey conducted in May–June 2020.Setting:Ireland, during the first period of severely restricted movement due to COVID-19 (lockdown).Participants:Respondents (n 745) were primary caregivers of a child under 2 years; they were primarily well educated and likely of higher socio-economic status.Results:Among those who breastfed, being unable to access breast-feeding support groups and being unable to access in-person, one-to-one breast-feeding assistance were the biggest challenges reported. Nearly three quarters of those who had their babies during lockdown reported these challenges: 72·8 % and 68·8 %, respectively. For those using formula, the main challenges were structural in nature; approximately two-thirds of those who had their baby prior to lockdown feared there would be formula shortages and a third were unable to purchase formula due to shortages.Conclusions:Regardless of how their babies were fed, parents in Ireland experienced multiple challenges with infant feeding during the COVID-19 crisis. Breast-feeding should be protected, supported and promoted, particularly during an infectious disease pandemic. Additionally, assurances around supply of infant formula could reduce parental stress during a pandemic or emergency. An IYCF in emergencies plan would clearly set out how we could best support and protect the nutrition of the most vulnerable members of our population.
Consumption of foods with the highest nutritional quality, and the lowest greenhouse gas emissions and price, differs between socio-economic groups in the UK population
Authors: Aceves-Martins Magaly , Bates Ruth L , Craig Leone CA , Chalmers Neil , Horgan Graham , Boskamp Bram , de Roos Baukje 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjective:To establish a baseline understanding of whether consuming food with the highest nutritional quality, lowest greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and cost differs between different UK demographic and socio-economic population groups.Design:Multiple linear regression models were fitted to evaluate the relationship between predictor socio-demographic variables in this study (i.e. sex, ethnic group, age, BMI and level of deprivation) and the response variables (i.e. consumption of items considered most nutritious, with a low GHGE and price, as a proportion of total items consumed).Setting:The UK.Participants:1374 adult (18–65 years) participants from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey latest waves 9–11 (2016–2017 and 2018–2019).Results:Based on the total energy consumption in a day, the average diet-based GHGE was significantly higher for participants with a higher BMI. Non-white and most deprived participants spent significantly (P < 0·001) less money per total energy consumption. Participants with a BMI between 18·6 and 39·9 kg/m2 and those living in the least deprived areas consumed a significantly (P < 0·001) higher amount of those items considered the most nutritious, with the lowest GHGE and cost per 100 kcal.Conclusions:Consumption of food with the highest nutritional quality, lowest GHGE and cost in the UK varies among those with different socio-demographic characteristics, especially the deprivation level of participants. Our analysis endorses the consideration of environmental sustainability and affordability, in addition to the consideration of nutritional quality from a health perspective, to make current dietary guidelines more encompassing and equitable.
Capital requirement modeling for market and non-life premium risk in a dynamic insurance portfolio
Authors: Cotticelli Stefano , Savelli Nino 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFor some time now, Solvency II requires that insurance companies calculate minimum capital requirements to face the risk of insolvency, either in accordance with the Standard Formula or using a full or partial Internal Model. An Internal Model must be based on a market-consistent valuation of assets and liabilities at a 1-year time span, where a real-world probabilistic structure is used for the first year of projection. In this paper, we describe the major risks of a non-life insurance company, i.e. the non-life underwriting risk and market risk, and their interactions, focusing on the non-life premium risk, equity risk, and interest rate risk. This analysis is made using some well-known stochastic models in the financial-actuarial literature and practical insurance business, i.e. the Collective Risk Model for non-life premium risk, the Geometric Brownian Motion for equity risk, and a real-world version of the G2++ Model for interest rate risk, where parameters are calibrated on current and real market data. Finally, we illustrate a case study on a single-line and a multi-line insurance company in order to see how the risk drivers behave in both a stand-alone and an aggregate framework.
Spatial Variability in Salt Marsh Drainage Controlled by Small Scale Topography
Authors: Donatelli Carmine , Passalacqua Paola , Jensen Daniel , Oliver‐Cabrera Talib , Jones Cathleen E. , Fagherazzi Sergio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWater movement in coastal wetlands is affected by spatial differences in topography and vegetation characteristics as well as by complex hydrological processes operating at different time scales. Traditionally, numerical models have been used to explore the hydrodynamics of these valuable ecosystems. However, we still do not know how well such models simulate water‐level fluctuations beneath the vegetation canopy since we lack extensive field data to test the model results against observations. This study utilizes remotely sensed images of sub‐canopy water‐level change to understand how marshes drain water during falling tides. We employ rapid repeat interferometric observations from the NASA's Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar instrument to analyze the spatial variability in water‐level change within a complex of marshes in Terrebonne Bay, Louisiana. We also used maps of herbaceous aboveground biomass derived from the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer‐Next Generation to evaluate vegetation contribution to such variability. This study reveals that the distribution of water‐level change under salt marsh canopies is strongly influenced by the presence of small geomorphic features (<10 m) in the marsh landscape (i.e., levees, tidal channels), whereas vegetation plays a minor role in retaining water on the platform. This new type of high‐resolution remote sensing data offers the opportunity to study the feedback between hydrodynamics, topography and biology throughout wetlands at an unprecedented spatial resolution and test the capability of numerical models to reproduce such patterns. Our results are essential for predicting the vulnerability of these delicate environments to climate change.
Networks of Tree‐Ring Based Streamflow Reconstructions for the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A.
Authors: Littell J. S. , Pederson G. T. , Martin J. T. , Gray S. T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWater resources in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) are characterized by significant interannual to interdecadal variation. Paleo‐proxy reconstructions such as those derived from tree‐rings provide longer‐term context and supplement information on this expected range of variability, which can improve planning, management, and response related to extreme events and hydrologic change. However, existing paleo‐proxy reconstructions have yet to address the potential for pronounced within‐ and among‐basin variations in the PNW due to a lack of spatial coverage. Here we develop methodologically consistent reconstructions for 36 gages in the PNW, including the Columbia and Snake River drainages, as well as key coastal watersheds. These reconstructions extend back at least to the 1500s coefficient of efficiency. Reconstruction skill is relatively high (mean R2 = 0.63), and snowpack‐ or winter precipitation‐sensitive chronologies from high‐elevation sites provide important contributions to reconstruction skill. At the whole‐region scale, reconstructed variability indicates evidence for drier and wetter years, more persistent decadal variability, and correspondingly longer episodes of deficit and surplus compared to instrumental records. Within the region, this expanded range of extremes appears especially prevalent in the Snake River and southern PNW watersheds. Regionally, cumulative deficits in the early 1500s and mid 1600s rival those of the early 20th century, though persistence and timing vary widely among basins. These reconstructions suggest that considering within‐region variability will be key for water management and planning under climate change, and that sub‐regional adaptation strategies are likely to be advantageous.
0D van der Waals interfacial ferroelectricity
Authors: Niu Yue , Li Lei , Qi Zhiying , Aung Hein Htet , Han Xinyi , Tenne Reshef , Yao Yugui , Zak Alla , Guo Yao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe dimensional limit of ferroelectricity has been long explored. The critical contravention is that the downscaling of ferroelectricity leads to a loss of polarization. This work demonstrates a zero-dimensional ferroelectricity by the atomic sliding at the restrained van der Waals interface of crossed tungsten disufilde nanotubes. The developed zero-dimensional ferroelectric diode in this work presents not only non-volatile resistive memory, but also the programmable photovoltaic effect at the visible band. Benefiting from the intrinsic dimensional limitation, the zero-dimensional ferroelectric diode allows electrical operation at an ultra-low current. By breaking through the critical size of depolarization, this work demonstrates the ultimately downscaled interfacial ferroelectricity of zero-dimensional, and contributes to a branch of devices that integrates zero-dimensional ferroelectric memory, nano electro-mechanical system, and programmable photovoltaics in one.
The rise of predation in Jurassic lampreys
Authors: Wu Feixiang , Janvier Philippe , Zhang Chi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLampreys, one of two living lineages of jawless vertebrates, are always intriguing for their feeding behavior via the toothed suctorial disc and life cycle comprising the ammocoete, metamorphic, and adult stages. However, they left a meager fossil record, and their evolutionary history remains elusive. Here we report two superbly preserved large lampreys from the Middle-Late Jurassic Yanliao Biota of North China and update the interpretations of the evolution of the feeding apparatus, the life cycle, and the historic biogeography of the group. These fossil lampreys’ extensively toothed feeding apparatus differs radically from that of their Paleozoic kin but surprisingly resembles the Southern Hemisphere pouched lamprey, which foreshadows an ancestral flesh-eating habit for modern lampreys. Based on the revised petromyzontiform timetree, we argued that modern lampreys’ three-staged life cycle might not be established until the Jurassic when they evolved enhanced feeding structures, increased body size and encountered more penetrable host groups. Our study also places modern lampreys’ origin in the Southern Hemisphere of the Late Cretaceous, followed by an early Cenozoic anti-tropical disjunction in distribution, hence challenging the conventional wisdom of their biogeographical pattern arising from a post-Cretaceous origin in the Northern Hemisphere or the Pangean fragmentation in the Early Mesozoic.
The structure of a hibernating ribosome in a Lyme disease pathogen
Authors: Sharma Manjuli R. , Manjari Swati R. , Agrawal Ekansh K. , Keshavan Pooja , Koripella Ravi K. , Majumdar Soneya , Marcinkiewicz Ashley L. , Lin Yi-Pin , Agrawal Rajendra K. , Banavali Nilesh K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe spirochete bacterial pathogen Borrelia (Borreliella) burgdorferi (Bbu) affects more than 10% of the world population and causes Lyme disease in about half a million people in the US annually. Therapy for Lyme disease includes antibiotics that target the Bbu ribosome. Here we present the structure of the Bbu 70S ribosome obtained by single particle cryo-electron microscopy at 2.9 Å resolution, revealing a bound hibernation promotion factor protein and two genetically non-annotated ribosomal proteins bS22 and bL38. The ribosomal protein uL30 in Bbu has an N-terminal α-helical extension, partly resembling the mycobacterial bL37 protein, suggesting evolution of bL37 and a shorter uL30 from a longer uL30 protein. Its analogy to proteins uL30m and mL63 in mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes also suggests a plausible evolutionary pathway for expansion of protein content in mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes. Computational binding free energy predictions for antibiotics reflect subtle distinctions in antibiotic-binding sites in the Bbu ribosome. Discovery of these features in the Bbu ribosome may enable better ribosome-targeted antibiotic design for Lyme disease treatment.
Climate change and land use threaten global hotspots of phylogenetic endemism for trees
Authors: Guo Wen-Yong , Serra-Diaz Josep M. , Eiserhardt Wolf L. , Maitner Brian S. , Merow Cory , Violle Cyrille , Pound Matthew J. , Sun Miao , Slik Ferry , Blach-Overgaard Anne , Enquist Brian J. , Svenning Jens-Christian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAcross the globe, tree species are under high anthropogenic pressure. Risks of extinction are notably more severe for species with restricted ranges and distinct evolutionary histories. Here, we use a global dataset covering 41,835 species (65.1% of known tree species) to assess the spatial pattern of tree species’ phylogenetic endemism, its macroecological drivers, and how future pressures may affect the conservation status of the identified hotspots. We found that low-to-mid latitudes host most endemism hotspots, with current climate being the strongest driver, and climatic stability across thousands to millions of years back in time as a major co-determinant. These hotspots are mostly located outside of protected areas and face relatively high land-use change and future climate change pressure. Our study highlights the risk from climate change for tree diversity and the necessity to strengthen conservation and restoration actions in global hotspots of phylogenetic endemism for trees to avoid major future losses of tree diversity.
Cumulative effect of PM2.5 components is larger than the effect of PM2.5 mass on child health in India
Authors: Chaudhary Ekta , George Franciosalgeo , Saji Aswathi , Dey Sagnik , Ghosh Santu , Thomas Tinku , Kurpad Anura. V. , Sharma Sumit , Singh Nimish , Agarwal Shivang , Mehta Unnati 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhile studies on ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure effect on child health are available, the differential effects, if any, of exposure to PM2.5 species are unexplored in lower and middle-income countries. Using multiple logistic regression, we showed that for every 10 μg m−3 increase in PM2.5 exposure, anaemia, acute respiratory infection, and low birth weight prevalence increase by 10% (95% uncertainty interval, UI: 9–11), 11% (8–13), and 5% (4–6), respectively, among children in India. NO3-, elemental carbon, and NH4+ were more associated with the three health outcomes than other PM2.5 species. We found that the total PM2.5 mass as a surrogate marker for air pollution exposure could substantially underestimate the true composite impact of different components of PM2.5. Our findings provide key indigenous evidence to prioritize control strategies for reducing exposure to more toxic species for greater child health benefits in India.
Alterations in sea urchin (Mesocentrotus nudus) microbiota and their potential contributions to host according to barren severity
Authors: Park Joon-Young , Jo Jae-Won , An Yu-Jeong , Lee Jin-Jae , Kim Bong-Soo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSea urchins are biotic factors driving the decline of kelp forests in marine ecosystems. However, few studies have analyzed the microbiota of surviving sea urchins in barren regions with scarce diet resources. Here, we analyzed the microbiota in the pharynx and gut of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus located along the coast of an expanding barren region in South Korea. The ecological adaptation of genera in sea urchins was predicted using the neutral assembly model. The pharynx and gut microbiota were different, and microbes in the surrounding habitats dispersed more to the pharynx than to the gut. The gut microbiota in sea urchins is altered by barren severity and plays different roles in host energy metabolism. These findings help to understand the microbiota in sea urchins according to urchin barren and its contribution to the survival of sea urchins in severe barren regions with limited macroalgae.
Returning incidentally discovered Hepatitis C RNA-seq results to COPDGene study participants
Authors: Silverman Edwin K. , Kim Arthur Y. , Make Barry J. , Regan Elizabeth A. , Morrow Jarrett D. , Hersh Craig P. , O’Brien James , Crapo James D. , Hansel Nadia N. , Criner Gerard , Flenaugh Eric L. , Conrad Douglas , Casaburi Richard , Bowler Russell P. , Hanania Nicola A. , Barr R. Graham , Bhatt Surya P. , Sciurba Frank C. , Anzueto Antonio , Han MeiLan K. , McEvoy Charlene E. , Comellas Alejandro P. , DeMeo Dawn L. , Rosiello Richard , Curtis Jeffrey L. , Uchida Tricia , Wilson Carla , O’Rourke P. Pearl 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe consequences of returning infectious pathogen test results identified incidentally in research studies have not been well-studied. Concerns include identification of an important health issue for individuals, accuracy of research test results, public health impact, potential emotional distress for participants, and need for IRB permissions. Blood RNA-sequencing analysis for non-human RNA in 3984 participants from the COPDGene study identified 228 participants with evidence suggestive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We hypothesized that incidentally discovered HCV results could be effectively returned to COPDGene participants with attention to the identified concerns. In conjunction with a COPDGene Participant Advisory Panel, we developed and obtained IRB approval for a process of returning HCV research results and an HCV Follow-Up Study questionnaire to capture information about previous HCV diagnosis and treatment information and participant reactions to return of HCV results. During phone calls following the initial HCV notification letter, 84 of 124 participants who could be contacted (67.7%) volunteered that they had been previously diagnosed with HCV infection. Thirty-one of these 124 COPDGene participants were enrolled in the HCV Follow-Up Study. Five of the 31 HCV Follow-Up Study participants did not report a previous diagnosis of HCV. For four of these participants, subsequent clinical HCV testing confirmed HCV infection. Thus, 30/31 Follow-Up Study participants had confirmed HCV diagnoses, supporting the accuracy of the HCV research test results. However, the limited number of participants in the Follow-Up Study precludes an accurate assessment of the false-positive and false-negative rates of the research RNA sequencing evidence for HCV. Most HCV Follow-Up Study participants (29/31) were supportive of returning HCV research results, and most participants found the process for returning HCV results to be informative and not upsetting. Newly diagnosed participants were more likely to be pleased to learn about a potentially curable infection (p = 0.027) and showed a trend toward being more frightened by the potential health risks of HCV (p = 0.11). We conclude that HCV results identified incidentally during transcriptomic research studies can be successfully returned to research study participants with a carefully designed process.
Analysis of the decoupling effect and driving factors of carbon emissions from the transportation sector in Guangdong Province
Authors: Tang Yongping , Jiang Huiyuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo propel the green transformation of the transportation industry in Guangdong Province. Against the backdrop of the five-year plan, this study employs the Tapio decoupling model and the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index decomposition method to analyze the decoupling status and driving factors of carbon emissions from transportation and economic growth in Guangdong Province from 2001 to 2020. The results show that:(1) Both the total volume of carbon emissions from transportation and per capita emissions exhibit an overall upward trend, with petroleum-based emissions accounting for an overwhelming 96%, with diesel emissions register the highest proportion and most substantial increase. (2) The decoupling status predominantly manifests as weak decoupling, with intermittent years expansive coupling,, expansive negative decoupling, strong decoupling, and recessive coupling, thus indicating a persistent state of decoupling instability. (3) The study introduces the urbanization effect, wherein the effects of income urbanization, as well as spatial urbanization, predominantly exert positive driving influences. Conversely, the effects of energy intensity, population urbanization, industry scale, and energy structure collectively exert negative driving influences. Notably, the effect of income urbanization emerges as the primary factor propelling the augmentation of carbon emissions, while the energy intensity effect serves as the primary factor curbing such escalation. Finally, pertinent policy recommendations are put forth.