bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuronal plasticity in hippocampal neurons due to chronic mild stress and after stress removal in postnatal chicks
Authors: Tamta Kavita , Kumar Adarsh , Arya Hemlata , Arya Shweta , Maurya Ram Chandra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe avian dorsomedial surface of the cerebral hemisphere is occupied by the hippocampal complex (HCC), which plays an important role in learning, memory, cognitive functions, and regulating instinctive behavior patterns. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of chronic mild stress (CMS) in 4, 6, and 8 weeks and after chronic stress removal (CSR) in 6 and 8 weeks, on neuronal plasticity in HCC neurons of chicks through the Golgi–Cox technique. Further, behavioral study and open field test were conducted to test of exploration or of anxiety. The study revealed that the length of CMS and CSR groups shows a similar pattern as in nonstressed (NS) chicks, while weight shows nonsignificant decrease due to CMS as compared to NS and after CSR. The behavioral test depicts that the CMS group took more time to reach the food as compared to the NS and CSR groups. Due to CMS, the dendritic field of multipolar neurons shows significant decrease in 4 weeks, but in 6‐ and 8‐week‐old chicks, the multipolar, pyramidal, and stellate neurons depict significant decrease, whereas after CSR all neurons show significant increase in 8‐week‐old chicks. In 4‐ and 8‐week‐old chicks, all neurons depict significant decrease in their spine number, whereas in 6 weeks only multipolar neurons show significant decrease, but after CSR significant increase in 8‐week‐old chicks was observed. The study revealed that HCC shows continuous neuronal plasticity, which plays a significant role in normalizing and re‐establishing the homeostasis in animals to survive.
Effects of rurality and distance to care on perinatal outcomes over a 1‐year period during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Bujimalla Pratyusha V. , Kenne Kimberly A. , Steffen Haley A. , Swartz Samantha R. , Wendt Linder H. , Skibbe Adam M. , Jackson J. Brooks , Rysavy Mary B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeOur aim was to investigate the roles of rurality and distance to care on adverse perinatal outcomes and COVID‐19 seroprevalence at the time of delivery over a 1‐year period.MethodsData were collected from the electronic medical record on all pregnant patients who delivered at a single, large, Midwest academic medical center over 1 year. Rurality was classified using standard Rural‐Urban Commuting Area codes. Geographic Information System tools were used to map outcomes. Data were analyzed with univariate and multivariate models, controlling for Body Mass Index (BMI), insurance status, and parity.FindingsA total of 2,497 patients delivered during the study period; 20% of patients were rural (n = 499), 18.6% were micropolitan (n = 466), and 61.4% were metropolitan (n = 1,532). 10.4% of patients (n = 259) were COVID‐19 seropositive. Rural patients did not experience higher rates of any measured adverse outcomes than metropolitan patients; micropolitan patients had increased odds of preterm labor (OR = 1.41, P = .022) and pre‐eclampsia (OR = 1.78, P<.001). Patients living 30+ miles away from the medical center had increased odds of preterm labor (OR = 1.94, P<.001), pre‐eclampsia (OR = 1.73, P = .002), and infant admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (OR = 2.12, P<.001), as well as lower gestational age at delivery (β = −9.2 days, P<.001) and birth weight (β = −206 grams, P<.001).ConclusionDistance to care, rather than rurality, was the key predictor of multiple adverse perinatal outcomes in this cohort of deliveries over a 1‐year period. Our study suggests that rurality should not be used as a standalone indicator of access to care without further knowledge of the specific barriers affecting a given population.
Global Demand and Supply Sentiment: Evidence From Earnings Calls*
Authors: Ulrich Ruch Franz , Taskin Temel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper quantifies global demand and supply conditions and compares two major global recessions: the 2009 Great Recession and the COVID‐19 pandemic. First, we compute demand and supply sentiment by applying Natural Language Processing techniques on earnings call transcripts. Second, we corroborate our sentiment measure by identifying demand and supply shocks using a structural Bayesian vector autoregression model. The results highlight sharp contrast in the size of supply and demand conditions over time and across sectors. While the Great Recession was characterized by weak demand, COVID‐19 caused sizable disruptions to both demand and supply, with varying relative importance across major sectors. Furthermore, certain sub‐sectors, such as professional and business services, internet retail, and grocery/department stores, fared better than others during the pandemic.
“Competitive” food and beverage policies and weight status: A systematic review of the evidence among sociodemographic subgroups
Authors: Sanchez‐Vaznaugh Emma V. , Matsuzaki Mika , Acosta Maria Elena , Vasanth Sahana , Dugay Erika Rachelle , Sánchez Brisa N. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryPrior studies identified variable associations between competitive food and beverage policies (CF&B) and youth obesity, potentially due to differences across population subgroups. This review summarizes the evidence on associations between CF&B policies and childhood obesity within gender, grade level/ age, race/ethnicity, and/or socioeconomic levels. PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and ERIC database searches identified studies published in English in Canada and the United States between January 1, 2000, and February 28, 2022. Of the 18 selected studies, six were cross‐sectional, two correlational, nine were before/after designs, and one study utilized both a cross‐sectional and pre–post design. Twelve studies reported findings stratified by a single sociodemographic factor, with grade level/age as the most frequently reported. Although the evidence varied, greater consistency in direction of associations and strengths of evidence were seen among middle school students. Six studies reported findings jointly by multiple sociodemographic subgroups with evidence suggesting CF&B associations with slower rate of increase or plateaus or declines in obesity among multiple subgroups, though the strengths of evidence varied. Over the past two decades, there have been relatively limited subgroup analyses on studies about CF&B policies and childhood obesity. Studies are needed with stronger designs and analyses disaggregated, particularly by race/ethnicities and socioeconomic factors, across places and time.
The Image of the Woman in the Poetry of al-Sharīf al-Raḍī
Authors: al-Shamlān Nūra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
From pre-Islamic times onwards, the themes of love and the beauty of women occupied a prominent place in Arabic poetry. This article seeks to describe the image of the woman in the poetry of the prominent Abbasid-era poet, al-Sharīf al-Raḍī. It begins with a discussion of love poetry in Arabic in general, from pre-Islamic times until the era of al-Raḍī in the 4th/10th century. Attention is given to the various techniques employed by poets to describe and praise the beloved as well as to the developments witnessed by this genre, especially during the Umayyad and early Abassid eras. Following a biographical sketch of al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, the article proceeds to discuss his relationship to women, in all its different manifestations, with particular attention to his Hijāziyyāt, poems of passion and longing. The article concludes with the opinions of both medieval and modern critics of al-Raḍī’s poetry. Al-Raḍī is seen as an accomplished poet who successfully combined the beauty of the nomadic world with the refinement of civilization.
Nonalignment and Its Forms of Knowledge
Authors: Elhalaby Esmat 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Third Worldism, Afro-Asianism, nonalignment, and their associated projects were not simply diplomatic agendas on the international stage; they were cultural and epistemological projects tied to smaller, older geographies of significance. Beyond the politicians’ conferences, whether at Bandung (1955), Belgrade (1961), or Cairo (1964), events that receive the bulk of scholarly interest in nonalignment's trajectory and significance, nonalignment occurred at a different scale. Scrutinizing nonalignment's intellectual history can reveal forms of knowledge that can be salvaged from nonalignment's irretrievable political past. Rather than simply recounting the events of nonalignment—the grand accumulation of solidarity, the limits of which were subsequently revealed—it may be prudent to bring our attention to the ideas of nonalignment. To account for the content and conditions of nonaligned thought, this article narrates a history of Arab and Indian intellectuals thinking together in the second half of the twentieth century. The author focuses principally on the work of the Lebanese scholar-diplomat Clovis Maksoud (1926–2016), the most articulate Arab theorist of positive neutrality and nonalignment.
Introduction
Authors: Doumani Beshara , Kohlbry Paul 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This special section of Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, “Claiming Property, Claiming Palestine,” explores the paradoxes of Palestinians make ownership claims to agricultural land and urban real estate. Contributors foreground Palestinian thought and action, and demonstrate how Palestinian claim-making practices temporally exceed the colonial condition and trouble dominant assumptions about ownership, property, and sovereignty. Through granular cases studies rooted in the particularities of time and space, they show how claim-making allows for a critique of the settler colonial and Indigenous frameworks in Palestinian studies and points to generative avenues for comparative history and theory-making between Palestine and the global South.
Fifty years of studying the GCR intensity during inversion of heliospheric magnetic fields I. Observations
Authors: Krainev Mikhail , Bazilevskaya Galina , Kalinin Mikhail , Mihaylov Vladimir , Svirzhevskaya Albina , Svirzhevsky Nikolay 
Published: December 2023

The effects of the 22-year variation of solar magnetic fields in the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity were first observed and interpreted as manifestations of inversion of the high-latitude solar magnetic field in properties of heliospheric magnetic fields by the Lebedev Physical Institute team in 1973. Since then, these effects have been studied already for 50 years.
The situation with the heliospheric magnetic field is clear for periods of medium and low sunspot activity — the heliosphere consists of two unipolar “hemispheres” separated by a wavy global heliospheric current sheet and characterized by a general polarity A (unit quantity with the sign of the radial component of the heliospheric magnetic field in the northern hemisphere). Yet there is no consensus on what the inversion of the heliospheric magnetic field is and which effects in the GCR intensity are connected with this phenomenon.
In this article, we briefly formulate general concepts of the 22-year variation in characteristics of the Sun, heliosphere, and GCR intensity and discuss the observed effects in the GCR intensity, which we attribute to the heliospheric magnetic field reversal. Models for this phenomenon and the results of GCR intensity calculations with these models will be discussed in the next article.
Is the Syllabus Passé? Student and Faculty Perceptions
Authors: Harrington Christine 
Published: December 2023

The syllabus is an essential learning resource for students. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of the syllabus but to date, no studies have addressed whether the syllabus needs to continue as a stand-alone document given the information contained within it can be, and often is, shared with students via the learning management system. In this study, conducted with students and faculty members at a community college and a public university granting undergraduate and graduate degrees, this issue was explored. Survey data from 396 students and 75 faculty members was analyzed. Results indicated that both students and faculty agreed that a separate syllabus document is still preferred, with faculty more strongly agreeing. No significant differences among students were found based on race, gender, or type of institution, but graduate students, as compared to undergraduate students, were more likely to indicate a preference for a separate syllabus. No significant differences in terms of type of institution, years teaching overall or online, or race or gender were found in the faculty sample. Suggestions for how to best share the syllabus, including the importance of the syllabus being easily accessible on mobile devices, are provided.
Finite element analysis and retrofit of the existing reinforced concrete columns in Iraqi schools by using CFRP as confining technique
Authors: Hassen Douread Raheem , Shubber Mustafa Salman , Hussein Salam Naji , Mezher Thaer Matlab , Jaafar Azhar Ayad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
There are many studies about the use of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) to strengthen concrete members such as columns, beams, and slabs. The effectiveness of these strengthening techniques has been proved by enhancing the mechanical properties of concrete structures. So, CFRP has been used to strengthen and repair existing concrete structures in Iraq. For example, in Al-Mosul city, the strengthening and repairing system is done for concrete members such as beams, columns, and slabs using the Near Surface Mounted or confinement technique. Therefore, the research aim is to use CFRP for maintenance as an alternative material to strengthen and repair concrete members in Iraqi schools. This article employs methods to enhance and repairing of some of concrete columns at Al-Abeer school in Najaf city by using modern materials as an alternative method of maintenance. In addition, finite element analysis was carried out using Abaqus software to verify the effectiveness of strengthening. The reinforced concrete (RC) column strengthened by using fiber-reinforced polymer as a confining technique increased compressive strength by about 91% compared to the control column. In addition, the value of strains increased to nearly 100% in the longitudinal direction with the stability of the value of the lateral strains, despite the occurrence of a significant increase in the compressive strength capacity. So, the values of vertical displacement at stress 4 MPa were 22.3 mm for the strengthened RC column and 5 mm for the control RC column. Thus, the strengthened RC column increases the values of compressive strength with a decrease in displacement to approximately 22%. Four years ago, the strength of the school building was assessed, thus the success of the strengthening.
Effect of curved anchor impellers on power consumption and hydrodynamic parameters of yield stress fluids (Bingham–Papanastasiou model) in stirred tanks
Authors: Alraddadi Ibrahim , Yang Dezhi , Katbar Nek Muhammad , Benhanifia Kada , Rahmani Lakhdar , Mebarki Brahim , Ameur Houari , Jamshed Wasim , Eid Mohamed R. , Hussain Syed M. , El Din Sayed M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study introduces a three-dimensional numerical analysis of the mixing yield stress fluid inside stirred vessels. The Bingham–Papanastasiou model predicts the yield stress behavior of the working fluid. The implications of a new anchor impeller design are investigated; it involves certain modifications to a typical anchor impeller’s blade. Different curved shapes replace the straight blade of a classical anchor. The flow pattern and energy consumed inside the stirred system for various geometrical configurations, Reynolds numbers (0.1, 1, 10, and 100), and Bingham numbers (1, 10, 100, and 500) have been investigated. According to the findings, introducing this new geometrical configuration gives a significant acceleration of flow pattern and extension of the well-mixed zone, as well as decreased power consumption (

Np

{\rm{Np}}

). Three configurations were introduced to the mixing system: Case 1 is a standard anchor impeller, and Cases 2 and 3 are curved anchor impellers with two shapes different. Case 3 (helical design of blade) has been found to be the less power consumption case by five times, i.e., for Case 1 and Case 2,

Np
=
5

{\rm{Np}}=5

, whereas for Case 3,

Np
=
1

{\rm{Np}}=1

. Based on the results, it is evident that the configuration (Case 3) demonstrates a superior geometric design in enhancing mixing characteristics compared to the other configurations.
„Nie chciałabym być inna”. O autobiografii Kiry Banasińskiej
Authors: Paliwoda Agata 
Published: December 2023

Artykuł stanowi analizę tematyczno-formalną wydanej w 2018 roku autobiografii Kiry Banasińskiej (1899-2002) – artystki, ale też, m.in., działaczki PCK oraz Ministerstwa Pracy i Opieki Społecznej Rządu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na Uchodźstwie na rzecz polskich uchodźców w Indiach. Wyłania obraz biografii z wielką historią i polityką w tle, udatnie łączącej życie prywatne i publiczne. Rysuje sposoby syntezy minionych doświadczeń, akcentuje – konstytutywną dla charakteru tej wspomnieniowej narracji – afirmatywną wobec życia postawę autorki.
Engagement in Online Learning Through the Lens of Adults' Learning Experience
Authors: Герасимова Юлия , Уртенова Полина , Кулиева Айнур 
Published: December 2023

The article aims to critically examine the role of engagement in the study of the educational experiences of adult learners in online learning. The authors highlight the existence of a gap between the nature of adult educational experiences and the lens through which these experiences are studied and evaluated. This lens is the learners' engagement. The authors highlight the complexity of the construct of learner engagement and point out the inadequacy of assessing it solely through behavioral markers.
The theoretical framework of the article is the Community of Inquiry (CoI) model for studying the educational experiences of learners in the digital environment, based on the notion of the socially constructed nature of learning. The article shows how the idea of lifelong learning as the formation of a new professional identity of adults is consistent with the idea of an ontological turn in education. By conceptualizing the educational experiences of adults as active participants in the learning process, the authors propose to consider engagement as a characteristic of these experiences. The authors identify external and internal factors of learner engagement. Based on previous research, internal factors are proposed, namely learners’ prior experience, future self-image, and personal goals. External factors are based on the self-determination theory, where the needs for competence and belongingness become particularly salient for engagement in online learning.
mTOR inhibition modulates apoptosis and oxidative stress in hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: PİRE Zarife , GÜDEN Demet Sinem , TEMİZ REŞİTOĞLU Meryem , ŞENOL Sefika Pınar , VEZİR Özden , SUCU Nehir , TUNÇTAN Bahar , MALİK Kafait U. , ŞAHAN FIRAT Seyhan 
Published: December 2023

Purpose: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced injuries represent serious clinical events regarding profound target organ destructions followed by remote organ complications due to the loss of oxidant/antioxidant balance and apoptosis. Recent studies examining the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) during I/R injury in different organs have remained a matter of debate. The current study aimed to explore further the protective and underlying antiapoptotic and antioxidant mechanisms of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition in hindlimb (HL) schemia/reperfusion (I/R)injury.
Materials and Methods: Occlusion of bilateral hindlimbs for 4 h with tourniquets was carried out under anesthesia to induce I/R for 4 h in rats. Rapamycin (1 mg/kg) or saline (4 mL/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 1 h before reperfusion. Gastrocnemius muscle, kidney, and blood were collected at the end of the experiments for analysis. Muscle and kidney damages were evaluated by measuring protein expression and/or phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1), ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), caspase-3, and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) with NADPH oxidase level and total antioxidant capacity in tissues or sera.
Results: I/R-induced organ damages were demonstrated by enhanced phosphorylation and/or expression of rpS6, 4EBP1, caspase-3, and Bax with a significant reduction in Bcl-2 accompanied by a decreased total antioxidant capacity and increased level of NADPH oxidase. Administration of rapamycin, an inhibitor mTOR, protected against I/R-mediated injuries.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the activation of mTOR signaling plays a crucial role in HL I/R-triggered organ damages presumably through the activation of apoptosis as a result of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance.
Clarification of navigation signal delays in the problem of time-frequency determination of GLONASS
Authors: Пасынков В.В. 
Published: December 2023

Статья посвящена решению ряда частных задач по оценке задержек распространения сигнала между космическими аппаратами системы ГЛОНАСС и наземными станциями в общей задаче разработки перспективной информационной технологии совершенствования частотно-временного обеспечения ГЛОНАСС. Рассмотрены задержки, вызванные выносами фазовых центров антенн наземных станций, а также задержки в приемно-передающих трактах бортовой аппаратуры при проведении псевдозапросных измерений. Приведены результаты обработки накопленных в процессе проведения экспериментов измерений дальностей между космическими аппаратами и станциями, включающие оценки упомянутых задержек. Полученные оценки могут быть использованы при реализации перспективной технологии частотно-временного обеспечения ГЛОНАСС.
The article describes solving a number of particular problems of estimating signal propagation delays between GLONASS spacecraft and ground stations in general task of prospective information technology development for improving GLONASS time-frequency support. The delays caused by the removal of the phase centers of the antennas of ground stations, as well as delays in the receiving and transmitting paths of on-board equipment during pseudo-query measurements are considered. The results of processing the range measurements accumulated during the experiments between spacecraft and stations, including estimates of the mentioned delays, are presented. The obtained estimates can be used in the implementation of a promising technology of GLONASS time-frequency support.