bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Preliminary Account of the Lichenicolous Arthonia Species with Reddish, K+ Reactive Pigments
Authors: Grube M. , Matzer M. , Hafellner J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractDescriptions and a key for identification of lichenicolous Arthonia species with red to purple pigments reacting with K are provided. The previously reported species, A. cryptotheciae and A. mazosiicola (as A. mazosiae), are here validly described, and A. haematostigma, A. tavaresii and A. destruens var. nana are new to science. The genus Helicobolomyces is introduced with the type species H. lichenicola, being based on the anamorph of A. cinnabarinula.
Rinodina Algarvensis, A New Saxicolous Sorediate Species from Portugal Containing the Stictic Acid Complex
Authors: Giralt Mireia , Barbero Mercedes , van den Boom Pieter 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA new sorediate species of Rinodina (R. algarvensis sp. nov.) is describedfrom SouthPortugal, where it grows on siliceous rocks. It is mainly characterized by its distinctivechemistry, being the only saxicolous Rinodina species hitherto known to contain stictic, cryptostictic, norstictic and menegazziaic acids in addition to atranorin and zeorin. It is compared with R. aspersa, a morphologically similar saxicolous species, which also occurs in south-west Europe, and with R. stictica, a corticolous, sorediate, North American species that also contains the stictic acid chemosyndrome.
Studies on Some Species of Arthothelium Occurring in the Western Mediterranean
Authors: Grube Martin , Giralt Mireia 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe present a survey of the six known species of Anhothelium occurring in the western Mediterranean. The oceanic A. lirellans, which may occur in the study area, is included for comparison; A. taediosoides is described as new and a key to all species is given. Anhothelium as understood today is composed of more-or-less distinct natural groups of species, some of them being compared here. Representatives of the A. sardoum group are related to species of the Arthonia radiata or A. galactites group on the basis o anatomical characters of the ascomata.
Differences Between Cultured and Freshly Isolated Cyanobiont from Peltigera—Is there Symbiosis-Specific Regulation Of a Glucose Carrier?
Authors: Wastlhuber Robert , Loos Eckhard 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe cyanobiont (Nostoc) of the lichen Peltigera horizontalis was isolated using a procedure of repeated grinding, differential centrifugation and partitioning in an aqueous two-phase system of dextran/polyethylene glycol. A yield of 22% was calculated on the basis of chlorophyll recovery from the thallus. Freshly isolated Nostoc differed little from that kept in prolonged culture with respect to the relative activities of a number of enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in the soluble fraction. However, much higher specific activities of the disproportionating transglycosylase and starch phosphorylase, higher intracellular concentrations of glucose, maltooligosaccharides and glycogen and a lower rate of glucose uptake were evidentin freshly isolated Nostoc. These activities and pool sizes, as well as CO2-fixation capability, stayed roughly constant for at least 5 h after isolation; glucose release, which is characteristic for the symbiotic Nostoc, dropped sharply within 1 h. These observations suggest the transport of glucose out of the cell, rather than that theactivities of cytoplasmic enzymes may bea point of early regulation during transition of Nostoc from the lichenized to the free-livingstate.
Observations on the Lichen Flora of High Ground in the West of Ireland
Authors: Gilbert O. L. , Fryday A. M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe lichen flora of high ground in the west of Ireland is described by reference to four localities (Brandon Mountain, Muckanaght, Ben Bulben, Slieve League). These were selected on the basis of their reputation for calcicolous alpine vascular plants and for being some of the most highly oceanic mountains in Europe. The montane element in the lichen flora is strictly limited, populations being small and isolated, although sub-montane species are more frequent. A small group of 44 species has been identified, which is 30% fewer than is found in either the Lake District or Snowdonia; their distribution and ecology are described. The margin of high-level tarns on Brandon Mountain support communities of outstanding importance, including Rinodina fimbriata, new to the British Isles. Seventeen lichens are reported as being new to Ireland.
The Lichen Vegetation of Chalk and Limestone Streams in Britain
Authors: Gilbert O. L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe results of a nationwide survey of lichens associated with streams on chalk and limestone are reported. The lichen communities are present as a series of overlapping bands related to length of submergence. These have been named the submerged, fluvial mesic, fluvial xeric and fluvial terrestrial zones. The flora involves around 50 lichens, many of which are rarely recorded specialists restricted to this habitat. The richest sites for submerged species are headwaters, especially around springs. Active tufa deposition and disturbance of the stream bed by farm stock are detrimental to aquatic lichens. Diversity further downstream is related to the amount of exposed limestone available for colonization, with topographical complexity also important. An investigation of the influence of water quality suggests that suspended solids (silting) is a significant determinant of lichen distribution together with eutrophication.
Lichen Pendants for Transplant and Growth Experiments
Authors: McCune B. , Derr C. C. , Muir P. S. , Shirazi A. , Sillett S. C. , Daly W. J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractLichens were cultured by attaching a thallus fragment to a nylon monofilament loop with silicone sealer. Two effective methods for adjusting lichen mass to a standard moisture content were developed (the ‘reference-sample’ and ‘sacrificial’ methods). These corrections for moisture content allow detection of very small changes in dry mass without having to oven dry (and kill) all transplants. Average annual biomass growth rates for non-fragmenting species were typically between 5 and 30%. Annual biomass growth rates of healthy, vigorous individuals, as indicated by the 75th percentile, were mostly between 10 and 40%. Alectoria sarmentosa was prone to fragmentation despite the maintenance of healthy thalli. The other species can be ranked by biomass growth rates as follows: Evernia prunastri> Lobaria pulmonaria=Usnea longissima> Pseudocyphellaria rainierensis=Lobaria oregano.
Genetic Variation Within and Among Mats of the Reindeer Lichen, Cladina Subtenuis
Authors: Beard Karen H. , Depriest Paula T. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCladina subtenuis is the most commonly found ‘ reindeer lichen ’ in the southeastern United States. In the present study C. subtenuis was examined for polymorphism in the small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) within and among small clumps of podetia, here referred to as mats, from five geographical locations. Polymorphism in the SSU rDNA was not detected among podetia within mats, but polymorphism was detected among mats from a single location. Therefore, mats of C. subtenuis may represent a single genetic individual, although genetically distinct mats may occur in close proximity. Their proximity couldencourage sexual reproduction between genetically distinct individuals, which would maintain variation in these populations. The SSU rDNA types represented three different lengths and restriction-site patterns, reflecting the presence of sequence insertions of at least 200 nucleotides in the SSU rDNA coding region. Thei nsertions, differing in position, number and sequence, are group I introns similar to those previously reported in the Cladonia chlorophaea complex. The intron variation among the SSU rDNA types indicates that molecular evolution has occurred within this species, perhaps since its divergence from related taxa and dispersal across the southeastern United States.
Foliicolous Lichens From Madeira, with the Description of a New Genus and two New species and a World-Wide key of Foliicolous Fellhanera
Authors: Sérusiaux Emmanuël 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA preliminary annotated list of the foliicolous lichens and of their lichenicolous fungi occurring in the laurisilva in Madeira is presented. Fellhaneropsis Séerus. & Coppins gen. nov. is introduced to accommodate Bacidia myrtillicola Erichsen and Bacidia vezdae Coppins & James, both being present in Madeira on living leaves. Two new species are described: Byssoloma kalbii Sérus. sp. nov. and Fellhanera seroexspectata Sérus. sp. nov. The following combinations are introduced: Fellhanera lambinonii (Sérus.) Lücking & Sérus.,Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola (Erichsen) Sérus. & Coppins, F. vezdae (Coppins & James) Sérus. & Coppins, Woessia apiahica (Müll. Arg.) Sérus., W. canariensis (Lumbsch & Vězda) Sérus. and W. vasakii (Vězda) Sérus. A key to all foliicolous species of Fellhanera is presented. Bacidia buxi Vězda & Vivant and Bacidia gorgonea. Vězda & Poelt are reduced into synonymy with Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola, Tapellaria similes Kalb with Byssoloma marginatum(Arnold) Sérus., and Bacidia michaeliana Sérus. with .Bacidia lambinonii Sérus.
Phenolic levels in Umbilicaria Americana in Relation to Enzyme Polymorphism, Altitude and Sampling Date
Authors: Swanson Andrew , Fahselt Dianne , Smith Dale 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA significant negative correlation was found between the quantity of acetone-extractable phenolic compounds and the degree of enzyme polymorphism in eight eastern North American populations of Umbilicaria americana. In sites higher elevations, where UV irradiance was more intense, phenolic levels were significantly lower and within-stand enzyme variability significantly greater than in low elevation sites. Similarly, the phenolic content of thalli collected in Ontario, Canada, over a 16-month sampling period was negatively correlated with mean monthly UV-B irradiance.
Coenogonium: A Green Algal Lichen Without Photosynthetic Depression at High Water Contents
Authors: Thomas Michael A. , Nash Thomas H. , Tucker Shirley C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFor experiments run at 350 ppm CO2, the subtropical lichen Coenogonium does not exhibit net photosynthetic depression at water contents above those at which initial maximal values are reached. This is in contrast to most lichens for which such a depression occurs. We infer that the results reflect the unusual morphology of Coenogomum, in which the alga is the dominant symbiont, occurring as filaments at the lichen surface. This arrangement should minimize CO2 diffusion resistance to the algal surface. With light saturation occurring by 70 μmol photons m−2 s−1, Coenogoniium has one of the lowest light saturation values reported among lichens.
Lichens Growing on Glass in Antarctica
Authors: Schroeter B. , Sancho L. G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractEarly stages of lichen colonization on glass are reported for the first time from Antarctica. In the initial establishment of the lichen thallus rhizomorphs play an importantrole for the attachment to the substratum and the exploitation of nutrient and photobiont resources. The micrographs presented indicate that in Antarctica colonization of bare substrata bylichens is not necessarily an extremely slow process. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that the use of artificial substrata such as glass could provide a simple method for studies in lichencolonization and development in extreme environments.
Comparison of Lipids and Fatty Acids of the Lichen Rhizoplaca Peltata Collected from Foothill and High Mountain Habitats in the Same Region
Authors: Bychek Irene A. , Bychek Eugene A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractLipids and fatty acids from the lichen Rhizoplaca peltata, growing either high in the mountains or in nearby foothills, were analysed and compared. It was shown that the same lichen species had considerable differences in the content of triacylglycerols, free sterols, wax esters, steryl esters, glycolipids, betaine and phospholipids, as well as in fatty acid content, depending on altitude.
Lichens of Skomer Island, West Wales
Authors: Wolseley P. A. , James P. W. , Coppins B. J. , Purvis O. W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSkomer Island, a National Nature Reserve, lies off the West coast of Wales. This small island holds lichen communities of international importance associated with large populations of seabirds. Saxicolous lichen communities are described, 248 species listed and details given of a base-line monitoring programme, which will provide data on changes in the lichen flora over time and distinguish cyclical from permanent deleterious changes. Threats to island populations are discussed, such as the likely effects of oil pollution following the Sea Empress accident in February 1996.
A Review of Lichens in Metal-Enriched Environments
Authors: Purvis O. W. , Halls C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe importance of mineralogy in determining lichen assemblages occurring on metalliferous rocks and derived soils is discussed with reference to environments enriched in metals from mine and smelter wastes and other sites involving human activities. A study of lichens growing on Cu and Fe sulphide-rich rocks in Scandinavia is presented. This data suggests that the composition of the lichen communities is governed by mineralogy, which influences the mobility and availability of Cu2+ and Fe2+ in the environment, rather than the total concentrations of either metals within the substratum. A new lichen community, the Lecideion inopis Purvis, is described characterized by the faithful species Lecidea inops, Psilolechia leprosa and several Cu-rich ecotypes. This community occurs alkaline environments where Cu is fixed predominantly as a secondary hydroxide or carbonate. Conversely, low pH, Fe sulphide-rich environments, where Cu may also be present, are characterized by the Acarosporion sinopicae, which includes several species with a rusty colouration. Contrasting assemblages rich in terricolous ephemeral species, especially Vezdaea spp. occurring in Pb/Zn-rich environments, and the comparatively species-poor assemblages on Cr and Ni-rich ultrabasic rocks, are also reviewed. Although mine spoil heaps and other mineralized environments are perceived in human terms as toxic, they may support a diversity of lichens, including rare taxa restricted to these sites. The systematic description of these lichen communities in relation to rock mineralogy and chemical processes are necessary if physiological tolerance and speciation are to be understood.
Australiaena Streimannii, a New Genus and Species in the Physciaceae From Tropical Australasia
Authors: Matzer M. , Mayrhofer H. , Elix J. A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe genus Australiaena (lichenized Ascomycetes, Physciaceae) with the single species A. streimannii sp. nov. is described as new from tropical Australasia. Morphologically it is characterized by crustose thalli with an often radiate-plicate margin, ascospores with a type-B ontogeny, and filiform spermatia. The chemistry of this taxon is diverse (lobaric acid, conlobaric acid, xanthones, gyrophoric acid, lecanoric acid, 5-O- ethylhiascic acid, perlatolic acid), and three chemotypes are distinguished.
Effects of Thallus Damage on Interactions of Lichens with Non-Lichenized Fungi Under Natural and Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Glenn Marian G. , Gomez-Bolea Antonio , Orsi Ernest V. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe response of corticolous lichens to artificially induced chemical damage was compared to symptoms found on damaged lichens in the field. Experimental thalli were damaged and observed (1) in situ in a relatively pristine area, and (2) in a growth chamber either hydrated continuously or periodically. Lichenicolous fungi encountered included Cornutispora lichenicola, Lichenoconium erodens, Phoma cytospora, Vouauxiomyces truncatus, Hobsonia christiansenii, Pronectria oligospora, Nectria rubefaciens and its anamorph, Acremonium rhabdosporum, and a variety of hyphomycetes. The results support the idea that both thallus necrosis and moist conditions are necessary to produce the full suite of symptoms observed on ailing lichens in the field.
Photosynthetic Performance of Two Closely Related Umbilicaria Species in Central Spain: Temperature as a Key Factor
Authors: Sancho L. G. , Schroeter B. , Valladares F. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractNet photosynthesis (NP) and dark respiration (DR) of thalli of the lichen species Umbilicaria grisea and U. freyi growing together in the same habitat the Sierra de Guadarrama, central Spain, were measured under controlled conditions in the laboratory and under natural conditions in the field over a range of photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD), thallus temperatures and thallus water contents. Laboratory experiments revealed that the photosynthetic response to PPFD at optimum thallus water content is very similar in both species. The light compensation points of NP increased from PPFD of c. 20 µmol m−2 s−1 at 0°C up to c. 100 µmol m−2 s−1 PPFD at 25°C. In both species light saturation was not reached up to 700 µmol m−2 s−1 PPFD except at 0°C. By contrast, the temperature dependence of CO2 gas exchange differed substantially between U. grisea and U. freyi. Both species gave significant rates at 0°C. Optimal temperatures of NP were always higher in U. grisea at various PPFD levels if the samples were kept at optimal thallus water content. NP showed maximal rates at 95% dw in U. grisea and 110% dw in U. freyi respectively. In U. grisea a much stronger depression of NP was observed with only 5% of maximal NP reached at 180% dw. At all PPFD and temperature combinations U. freyi showed higher rates of NP and more negative rates of DR if calculated on a dry weight basis. This was also true under natural conditions at the same site, when U. freyi was always more productive than U. grisea. The differences in the photosynthetic response to temperature between both species correlated well with the different distribution patterns of both species. The possibility of genetic control of the physiological performance of these species and its influence on their distribution patterns and autecology is discussed.
Ft-Raman Spectroscopy of Dirina Massiliensis f. Sorediata Encrustations Growing on Diverse Substrata
Authors: Edwards H. G. M. , Farwell D. W. , Seaward M. R. D. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe FT-Raman spectra of encrustations of Dirina massiliensis f. sorediata on a variety of substrata collected from several locations have been recorded and analysed. This is the first time that such a comprehensive spectroscopic study has been made of lichen encrustations of the same species on different substrata. This lichen is able to bring about deterioration in all six different lichen substrata studied. Calcium oxalate dihydrate is produced in significant amounts by the reaction of lichen-generated oxalic acid with various calcareous rock substrata, as well as particles of the particular substratum itself. However, for specimens growing on a non-calcareous substratum in an exposed maritime location only traces of calcium oxalate are produced and more noticeable quartz particles are incorporated into the thalli. The results indicate that this lichen can degrade its substratum highly effectively and there is evidence of different strategies being exhibited by lichens in different habitats and geographical locations.
Frequency, Diversity and Ecological Strategies of Epiphytic Lichens in the Swiss Central Plateau and the Pre-Alps
Authors: Dietrich Michael , Scheidegger Christoph 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTo identify representative quantitative criteria for the creation of a future Red List of epiphytic lichens, 849 trees in 132 long-term ecological observation plots in the Swiss Central Plateau and the Pre-Alps were surveyed by standard sampling. Based on the trees, frequency data of the lichen taxa observed are described by the log series model, indicating the controlling effect of few ecological factors. Based on the plots, four classes of scarcity, each comprising 25% of the species, were established. As a contribution to the development of a national, representative survey of lichens, α-diversity (species richness, species density) and β-diversity (dissimilarity) were calculated in terms of region, vegetation formation, vegetation belt and for their combinations. Differences in lichen diversity between the Central Plateau and the Pre-Alps were caused by the bigger elevational range in the Pre-Alps, which resulted in a higher species richness. α-Diversity of forest and non-forest were similar, whereas each vegetation formation showed one third of its species restricted to it. The contributions to the total lichen diversity of crustose, foliose and fruticose as well as of generative and vegetative species was calculated. Specific features along the altitudinal gradient of vegetation belts emerged: the percentage of crustose and generative lichens declined with every altitudinal step, increased in fruticose and vegetative lichens, and was the same in foliose species.
Continuous Monitoring of CO2 Exchange of Lichens in the Field: Short-Term Enclosure with an Automatically Operating Cuvette
Authors: Lange O. L. , Reichenberger H. , Walz H. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractField measurements of CO2 exchange by lichens are difficult because these poikilohydric organisms rely on direct hydration by rain, dew or fog. Continuous enclosure of thalli in conditioned, measurement cuvettes is, therefore, not experimentally reasonable. Porometric instruments with brief enclosure times, have proved useful for studies of lichen gas exchange but allow only spot measurements and recording is not easily possible for extended time periods. We describe a newly developed, automatically operating cuvette that allows long-term monitoring of lichen photosynthetic and respiratory CO2 exchange in the field. Samples, e.g. flat stone slabs covered with epilithic lichens, are positioned on the base of the cuvette where, when the cuvette is open, they are exposed to the same environmental conditions as naturally growing thalli. At regular intervals (typically 30 min), an upper lid automatically encloses the lichen for c. 3 min in a stirred cuvette; CO2 exchange is measured using IRGA techniques and microclimate data arc recorded. The successful operation of the cuvette is illustrated by means of diel time courses of CO2 exchange for selected, very different weather conditions.
New Species or Interesting Records of Foliicolous Lichens. I. Trichothelium Argenteum (Lichenized Ascomycetes: Trichotheliaceae)
Authors: LÜcking Robert , Ferraro Lidia Itati 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTrichothelium argenteum R. Lücking & L. I. Ferraro sp. nov. is distinguished by its very large perithecia with a well-developed, silvery white, basally black crown of setae, and by a non-radiate phycobiont. In young perithecia, the setae are confluent and form a characteristic, two-coloured disc-like expansion. Ascospores are 7-septate and bacillar. Trichothelium argenteum is known from a few populations in Costa Rica, Ecuador, Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina.
New Species or Interesting Records Of Foliicolous Lichens. II. Flavobathelium Epiphyllum (Lichenized Ascomycetes: Melanommatales)
Authors: LÜcking Robert , Aptroot André , Thor Göran 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFlavobathelium epiphyllum gen. et sp. nov. is described and illustrated. The new taxon is characterized by perithecia and pyenidia embedded in pulverulaceous, uni- to plurilocular pseudostromata, small, transversely septate ascospores, and the presence of bacillar to filiform macroconidia with gelatinous appendages and simple microconidia. Possible relationships are seen with the genus Phyllobathclium. Flavobathelium epiphyllum is a common species in Central and South American lowland to submontane rain forests with undisturbed vegetation. It is mostly found along moderately illuminated parts of the understory, such as small, natural light gaps.