bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework for how homelessness impacts children's attachments to their caregiver
Authors: Stekler Nathaniel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I create a framework that explains how homelessness reduces a child's attachment security. Attachment theory states how over time and repeated interactions, children and caregivers develop patterns of behavior that foster the development of children's schemas about what to generally expect from relationships with others. In order for children to develop secure attachments, a caregiver must be consistent and sensitive when responding to their child. Homeless caregivers have to juggle many stressors at once and therefore have fewer mental or physical resources (the effects of caregiver stress) to devote to consistent, sensitive, and responsive caregiving. This theoretically grounded framework proposes that stressors affect homeless caregivers, which in turn affects their effective parenting effort, which ultimately impacts the child's attachment. I describe in detail each of the proposed associations in the framework and summarize existing literature that supports these theoretical processes. Limitations and future directions are also discussed.
Understanding rural‐urban differences in veterans’ internet access, use and patient preferences for telemedicine
Authors: O'Shea Amy M. J. , Gibson Mikayla , Merchant James , Rewerts Kelby , Miell Kelly , Kaboli Peter J. , Shimada Stephanie L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe expansion of telemedicine (e.g., telephone or video) in the Veterans Health Administration (VA) raises concerns for health care disparities between rural and urban veterans. Factors impeding telemedicine use (e.g., broadband, digital literacy, age) disproportionally affect rural veterans.PurposeTo examine veteran‐reported broadband access, internet use, familiarity with, and preferences for telemedicine stratified by residential rurality.MethodsThree hundred fifty veterans with a VA primary care visit in March 2022 completed a 30‐min computer‐assisted telephone interview. The sampling design stratified veterans by residential rurality (i.e., rural or urban) and how primary care was delivered (i.e., in‐person or by video). Counts and weighted percentages are reported.FindingsAfter accounting for survey weights, 96.2% of respondents had in‐home internet access and 89.5% reported functional connection speeds. However, rural‐ compared to urban‐residing veterans were less likely to experience a telemedicine visit in the past year (74.1% vs. 85.2%; p = 0.02). When comparing telemedicine to in‐person visits, rural versus urban‐residing veterans rated them not as good (45.3% vs. 36.8%), just as good (51.1% vs. 53.1%), or better (3.5% vs. 10.0%) (p = 0.05). To make telemedicine visits easier, veterans, regardless of where they lived, recommended technology training (46.4%), help accessing the internet (26.1%), or provision of an internet‐enabled device (25.9%).ConclusionsThough rural‐residing veterans were less likely to experience a telemedicine visit, the same actionable facilitators to improve telemedicine access were reported regardless of residential rurality. Importantly, technology training was most often recommended. Policy makers, patient advocates, and other stakeholders should consider novel initiatives to provide training resources.
Clinical findings, surgical treatment and outcome in dogs with parotid duct ectasia: 14 cases (2010‐2023)
Authors: Martinez I. , Mielke B. , Rutherford L. , Cantatore M. , Cinti F. , Charlesworth T. , de la Puerta B. , Rossanese M. 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, surgical treatment and outcome of dogs diagnosed with parotid duct ectasia.Materials and MethodsMedical records of dogs diagnosed with parotid duct ectasia between 2010 and 2023 at six small animal referral hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. Outcome was assessed by contacting the owners or referring veterinarians.ResultsFourteen dogs were included. Lateral facial swelling was the most common clinical presentation. CT revealed a tortuous cavitary tubular fluid‐filled structure consistent with a dilated parotid duct in all dogs. Surgical treatment included marsupialisation of the parotid duct papilla, surgical exploration of the duct alone, parotid duct marsupialisation with surgical exploration of the duct, parotidectomy or en‐bloc parotid duct resection. The aetiology of parotid duct ectasia was not established in 13 of 14 dogs. In one case, a foreign body was retrieved from the duct. No recurrence of clinical signs was noted during the follow‐up period (range 21 to 2900 days).Clinical SignificanceParotid duct ectasia should be considered for dogs with a lateralised fluctuant non‐painful tubular facial swelling. Surgical management was associated with a favourable prognosis without evidence of recurrence in all cases reported in the case series.
Incidence of hepatitis C virus infection in the prison setting: The SToP‐C study
Authors: Hajarizadeh Behzad , Carson Joanne M. , Byrne Marianne , Grebely Jason , Cunningham Evan , Amin Janaki , Vickerman Peter , Martin Natasha K. , Treloar Carla , Martinello Marianne , Lloyd Andrew R. , Dore Gregory J. ,   the SToP‐C study group
Published: November 2023

AbstractPeople in prison are at high risk of HCV given high injecting drug use prevalence. This study evaluated HCV incidence and associated injecting drug use characteristics in prison. The SToP‐C study enrolled people incarcerated in four Australian prisons. Participants were tested for HCV at enrolment and then every 3–6 months (October‐2014 to November‐2019). Participants eligible for this analysis included those at‐risk of HCV primary infection (anti‐HCV negative) or re‐infection (anti‐HCV positive, HCV RNA negative) with follow‐up assessment. A total of 1643 eligible participants were included in analyses (82% male; median age 33 years; 30% injected drugs in prison; 1818 person‐years of follow‐up). Overall HCV incidence was 6.11/100 person‐years (95%CI: 5.07–7.35), with higher rate of re‐infection (9.34/100 person‐years; 95%CI: 7.15–12.19) than primary infection (4.60/100 person‐years; 95%CI: 3.56–5.96). In total population (n = 1643), HCV risk was significantly higher among participants injecting drugs in prison [vs. no injecting; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 10.55, 95%CI: 5.88–18.92), and those who were released and re‐incarcerated during follow‐up (vs. remained incarcerated; aHR: 1.60, 95%CI: 1.03–2.49). Among participants who injected recently (during past month, n = 321), HCV risk was reduced among those receiving high‐dosage opioid agonist therapy (OAT), i.e. methadone ≥60 mg/day or buprenorphine ≥16 mg/day, (vs. no OAT, aHR: 0.11, 95%CI: 0.02–0.80) and increased among those sharing needles/syringes without consistent use of disinfectant to clean injecting equipment (vs. no sharing, HR: 4.60, 95%CI: 1.35–15.66). This study demonstrated high HCV transmission risk in prison, particularly among people injecting drugs. High‐dosage OAT was protective, but improved OAT coverage and needle/syringe programmes to reduce sharing injecting equipment are required.
The GABA shunt contributes to ROS homeostasis in guard cells of Arabidopsis
Authors: Xu Bo , Feng Xueying , Piechatzek Adriane , Zhang Shuqun , Konrad Kai R. , Kromdijk Johannes , Hedrich Rainer , Gilliham Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Summary
γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulates rapidly under stress via the GABA shunt pathway, which has been implicated in reducing the accumulation of stress‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants.
γ‐Aminobutyric acid has been demonstrated to act as a guard‐cell signal in Arabidopsis thaliana, modulating stomatal opening. Knockout of the major GABA synthesis enzyme Glutamate Decarboxylase 2 (GAD2) increases the aperture of gad2 mutants, which results in greater stomatal conductance and reduces water‐use efficiency compared with wild‐type plants.
Here, we found that the additional loss of GAD1, GAD4, and GAD5 in gad2 leaves increased GABA deficiency but abolished the more open stomatal pore phenotype of gad2, which we link to increased cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) and ROS accumulation in gad1/2/4/5 guard cells. Compared with wild‐type and gad2 plants, glutamate was ineffective in closing gad1/2/4/5 stomatal pores, whereas lowering apoplastic calcium, applying ROS inhibitors or complementation with GAD2 reduced gad1/2/4/5 guard‐cell ROS, restored the gad2‐like greater stomatal apertures of gad1/2/4/5 beyond that of wild‐type.
We conclude that GADs are important contributors to ROS homeostasis in guard cells likely via a Ca2+‐mediated pathway. As such, this study reveals greater complexity in GABA's role as a guard‐cell signal and the interactions it has with other established signals.
The value of regular follow‐up of oral leukoplakia for early detection of malignant transformation
Authors: Evren Ilkay , Najim Ahmad M. , Poell Jos B. , Brouns Elisabeth R. , Wils Leon J. , Peferoen Laura A. N. , Brakenhoff Ruud H. , Bloemena Elisabeth , van der Meij Erik H. , de Visscher Jan G. A. M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesEvaluate whether regular follow‐up of oral leukoplakia (OL) resulted in early detection of malignant transformation (MT).MethodTwo hundred and twenty‐two consecutive patients with OL (147 females, 75 males); median follow‐up period of 64 months (range: 12–300). Three groups were distinguished: group A (n = 92) follow‐up at the hospital; group B (n = 84) follow‐up by their dentist; group C (n = 46) lost to follow‐up.ResultsOLs in group B compared to group A, were smaller in size (<2 cm; p < 0.001), showed more hyperkeratosis (p < 0.001) and less moderate/severe dysplasia (p < 0.001). MT occurred in 45 (20%) patients: 32 (35%) in group A, five (6%) in group B and eight (17%) in group C. There was no significant difference in clinical tumour size between group A (median: 15 mm, range: 1–40) and group B (median: 10 mm, range: 3–25; p = 0.496). Tumour size was smaller for patients in groups A and B (median: 10 mm, range 1–40) compared to group C (median: 33 mm, range: 3–100; p = 0.003). There was a positive correlation between tumour size and interval between the last visit in all patients (p = 0.022).ConclusionRegular follow‐up of OL resulted in early detection of MT. If properly selected, follow‐up of OL performed by the dentist seems feasible.
Intra‐Hisian Wenckebach after surgical closure of conoventricular ventricular septal defect
Authors: Schwartzman Kathryn H. , Mascio Christopher E. , Chauhan Dhaval , Udassi Jai , Kohli Utkarsh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe report a 5‐year‐old girl with transient complete atrioventricular (AV) block following surgical closure of a symptomatic conoventricular ventricular septal defect (VSD) which recovered on post‐operative day 9. She later presented with exertional dizziness and fatigue. While congenital cardiac defect repairs are occasionally complicated by complete heart block, this patient was found to have intra‐Hisian Wenckebach which is rare in the pediatric population and can be very difficult to discern from surface electrocardiograms and by Holter monitoring. Mechanisms of post‐surgical AV block, including intra‐Hisian Wenckebach, are not well characterized in the pediatric population.
Development of an innovative curriculum for paediatricians on peanut allergy prevention: How do we address current guidelines?
Authors: Leeds Stephanie , Slade Martin , Hafler Janet , Samady Waheeda , Jiang Jialing , Bilaver Lucy , Gupta Ruchi S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere exists strong evidence for the early introduction of peanut to at‐risk infants for the primary prevention of peanut allergy. There is a need for educational initiatives to assist in dissemination and implementation of updated clinical guidelines on peanut allergy prevention.ApproachThe aim for this project was to create an innovative curriculum for paediatricians on peanut allergy prevention. The Intervention to Reduce Early Allergy (Peanut) in Childhood (iREACH) study was leveraged to recruit paediatricians for a needs assessment. Materials from the iREACH study, including an educational YouTube video and knowledge survey, were evaluated. Applying findings from the needs assessment, an innovative curriculum was developed, and updated knowledge survey questions were developed.EvaluationThe iREACH YouTube video had suboptimal viewing behaviours, and iREACH participants had high baseline knowledge scores that did improve after viewing the video. The majority of respondents to the needs assessment felt that all paediatricians needed access to an effective educational module on peanut allergy prevention, and they wanted a broadly accessible curriculum that incorporated quality media and content segmentation. An online, interactive curriculum was developed that includes clinical cases and games, and updated knowledge questions were created with associated internal structure and reliability evidence, as well as relation to other variables evidence.ImplicationThe next steps of this project will focus on curriculum implementation and evaluation through a randomised, prospective study with the aim to serve as an educational model for how to integrate specialty‐specific guidelines into broader clinical practice through education.
Detection and phenotype analysis of a novel Ael blood group allele
Authors: Wang Cuibi , Tang Yichao , Zhang Pingping , Xiong Leiqun , Chen Weiyuan , Lv Xiaoying 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe presence of blood subtypes may lead to difficulties in blood group identification; however, third‐generation sequencing (TGS) can help in accurately identifying difficult blood groups, and study the serological characteristics and molecular mechanism of Ael subtypes.Materials and MethodsABO blood group was identified by the standard serological technique, weak blood group antigen was identified by adsorption‐elution experiments, ABH substance in the saliva was determined and glycosyltransferase activity of A and B was detected. The ABO gene full‐length sequence and promoter region were amplified by specific primers using single‐molecule real‐time sequencing, with the amplified products being sequenced directly and analysed in real time.ResultsThe patient was serologically identified as Ael subtype, and TGS analysis revealed new intron mutations in Ael patients (c.467C>T; c.29‐10T>A).ConclusionThe discovery of the new allele and the identification of ABO subtypes can be combined with serological characterization and molecular biological methods.
Specialized phosphate transport is essential for
Staphylococcus aureus
nitric oxide resistance
Authors: Stephens Amelia C. , Banerjee Srijon K. , Richardson Anthony R. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
is a major human pathogen capable of causing a variety of diseases ranging from skin and soft tissue infections to systemic presentations such as sepsis, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis. For
S. aureus
to persist as a pathogen in these environments, it must be able to resist the host immune response, including the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (e.g., nitric oxide, NO·). Extensive work from our lab has shown that
S. aureus
is highly resistant to NO·, especially in the presence of glucose. RNA-seq performed on
S. aureus
exposed to NO· in the presence and absence of glucose showed a new system important for NO· resistance—phosphate transport. The phosphate transport systems
pstSCAB
and
nptA
are both upregulated upon NO·-exposure, particularly in the presence of glucose. Both are key for phosphate transport at an alkaline pH, which the cytosol of
S. aureus
becomes under NO· stress. Accordingly, the Δ
pstS
Δ
nptA
mutant is attenuated under NO stress
in vitro
as well as in macrophage and murine infection models. This work defines a new role in infection for two phosphate transporters in
S. aureus
and provides insight into the complex system that is NO· resistance in
S. aureus
.

IMPORTANCE

Staphylococcus aureus
is a bacterial pathogen capable of causing a wide variety of disease in humans.
S. aureus
is unique in its ability to resist the host immune response, including the antibacterial compound known as nitric oxide (NO·). We used an RNA-sequencing approach to better understand the impact of NO· on
S. aureus
in different environments. We discovered that inorganic phosphate transport is induced by the presence of NO·. Phosphate is important for the generation of energy from glucose, a carbon source favored by
S. aureus
. We show that the absence of these phosphate transporters causes lowered energy levels in
S. aureus
. We find that these phosphate transporters are essential for
S. aureus
to grow in the presence of NO· and to cause infection. Our work here contributes significantly to our understanding of
S. aureus
NO· resistance and provides a new context in which
S. aureus
phosphate transporters are essential.
Assessing airborne transmission risks in COVID-19 hospitals by systematically monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in the air
Authors: Li Shanglin , Guo Jiazhen , Gu Yin , Meng Yan , He Ming , Yang Shangzhi , Ge Ziruo , Wang Guanjun , Yang Yi , Jin Ronghua , Lu Lianhe , Liu Peng 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The continuous emergence of highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 variants with the capability of immune evasion demands more effective risk assessment and management approaches for infection prevention and control. Controlling nosocomial transmission is critical in response to the COVID-19 pandemic upon the resumption of day-to-day activities. Here, we systematically analyzed the presence of airborne SARS-CoV-2 in the isolation ward and within the contaminant, emergency, and clean zones of a designated COVID-19 hospital. A total of 359 air samples collected in the clean and emergency zones tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, demonstrating the interruption of airborne transmission in a designated COVID-19 hospital by combining the closed-loop management, unidirectional airflow, and negative pressure of isolation wards. In contrast, some air samples in the corridor outside the isolation wards tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The leakage of virus-containing air from patient rooms to adjoining areas during rounds and meal delivery sheds light on the need for intensive and widespread virus monitoring in designated COVID-19 hospitals. In conclusion, by systematically monitoring viruses in the air, the study provides a starting point for the standardization of transmission risk management in designated hospitals for the future pandemic of a newly emerged respiratory infectious disease.

IMPORTANCE
Risk management and control of airborne transmission in hospitals is crucial in response to a respiratory virus pandemic. However, the formulation of these infection control measures is often based on epidemiological investigations, which are an indirect way of analyzing the transmission route of viruses. This can lead to careless omissions in infection prevention and control or excessively restrictive measures that increase the burden on healthcare workers. The study provides a starting point for standardizing transmission risk management in designated hospitals by systemically monitoring viruses in the air of typical spaces in COVID-19 hospitals. The negative results of 359 air samples in the clean and emergency zones demonstrated the existing measures to interrupt airborne transmission in a designated COVID-19 hospital. Some positive cases in the corridor of the contaminant zone during rounds and meal delivery highlighted the importance of monitoring airborne viruses for interrupting nosocomial infection.
Purification, characterization, and cloning of a novel pro-inflammatory secreted protein from
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Schlievert Patrick M. , Nelson Jacob D. , Kilgore Samuel H. , Radoshevich Lilliana , Klingelhutz Aloysius J. , Leung Donald Y. M. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
is a human pathogen, causing infections ranging from benign skin and soft tissue infections to life-threatening pneumonia, sepsis/infective endocarditis, and toxic shock syndrome (TSS). The organisms cause infections through production of both cell-surface and secreted virulence factors. We focus primarily on secreted virulence factors, having done scans for such proteins for many years. We have purified and characterized TSS toxin-1; staphylococcal enterotoxin-like superantigens K, L, and Q; an operon of six serine proteases, epsilon cytotoxin; and enterotoxin-associated ampicillin resistance protein. The current study clones and characterizes another novel secreted factor that we tentatively refer to as methionine-rich protein (MRP) because its gene encodes a protein with ten methionine residues and eight in the small mature protein. The MRP gene encodes a protein of 199 amino acids with the first 28 being a signal peptide. The mature protein has 171 amino acids and has a molecular weight of approximately 18,800. MRP has an unusual isoelectric point (pI) for staphylococcal secreted virulence factors of approximately 5.3, whereas other secreted virulence factors have neutral or basic pIs. MRP was listed as a hypothetical protein in the NCBI database. We tested MRP for biological activities that characterize
S. aureus
and observed that the protein has no detectable superantigen, cytolytic (hemolytic), lipase, or protease activity. MRP induced chemokine (interleukin-8) production from human vaginal epithelial cells. This activity potentially facilitates
S. aureus
provoking harmful mucosal and skin inflammatory responses.

IMPORTANCE

Staphylococcus aureus
causes a myriad of human diseases, ranging from relatively mild soft tissue infections to highly fatal pneumonia, sepsis, and toxic shock syndrome. The organisms primarily cause diseases across mucosal and skin barriers. In order to facilitate penetration of barriers,
S. aureus
causes harmful inflammation by inducing chemokines from epithelial cells. We report the cloning and characterization of a novel secreted
S. aureus
protein that induces chemokine production from epithelial cells as its major demonstrable function. This secreted protein possibly helps
S. aureus
and its secreted proteins to penetrate host barriers.
Thoracic splenosis: an important consideration in oncology patients
Authors: Julian Katherine , Vasekar Monali 
Published: November 2023

SummarySplenosis is the implantation of ectopic splenic tissue after splenic injury or splenectomy. Signs and symptoms of splenosis vary based on anatomic location; however, it remains asymptomatic in many cases. On radiographic imaging, splenosis often appears as a soft tissue mass and can be diagnosed using heat-damaged red blood cell scintigraphy, a non-invasive imaging modality. Radiographic findings of splenosis on imaging may be suspicious for metastatic disease in patients with known solid organ tumours. It is important to have a high degree of suspicion for splenosis with known history of splenic trauma or splenectomy in order to avoid invasive procedures and guide appropriate management.