bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The temporal sequence of morphological and molecular changes in axotomized feline motoneurons leading to the formation of axons from the ends of dendrites
Authors: MacDermid Victoria E. , Neuber‐Hess Monica S. , Rose P. Ken 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAt 8–12 weeks post axotomy, unusual distal processes (UDPs) with axon‐like structural (uniform diameter, tortuous) and molecular (growth‐associated protein [GAP]43, absence of microtubule‐associated protein [MAP]2a/b immunoreactivity) features emerge from distal motoneuron dendrites (Rose et al. [2001] Eur J Neurosci 13:1166–1176). In this study, we determine the time course of molecular and morphological changes associated with the formation of axons from dendrites. Motoneurons innervating neck muscles in the adult cat were permanently axotomized for 2, 4, 20, or 35 weeks and intracellularly stained with Neurobiotin. Computer‐assisted reconstructions were used to map the location of MAP2a/b and GAP‐43 immunoreactivity. At 2 and 4 weeks post axotomy, all UDPs had short appendages, giving them an arboreal appearance. They were immunoreactive for GAP‐43 and lacked immunostaining for MAP2a/b. Axon‐like UDPs were not seen until 8–12 weeks post axotomy. By 20 and 35 weeks post axotomy, some axon‐like UDPs acquired morphological features of axons with synaptic connections (right‐angled branching, bouton‐like specializations). GAP‐43 immunoreactivity was not detected in any axotomized motoneurons by 20 weeks post axotomy, whereas all UDPs remained devoid of MAP2a/b immunoreactivity even at 35 weeks post axotomy. These molecular changes accompanied structural modifications to proximal regions of “dendrites” giving rise to UDPs. The distance from the ends of the UDPs to the soma did not change. Thus, all UDPs begin as simple, arboreal structures with molecular features of growing axons, but over a period of 35 weeks, some UDPs slowly acquire morphological and molecular features of motoneuron axons with synaptic connections. These results suggest a new modus operandi for axonal growth and the establishment of new synaptic connections after injury. J. Comp. Neurol. 468:233–250, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cannabinoid CB1 receptor and serotonin 3 receptor subunit A (5‐HT3A) are co‐expressed in GABA neurons in the rat telencephalon
Authors: Morales Marisela , Wang Shwun‐De , Diaz‐Ruiz Oscar , Hyun‐Jin Jho Diana 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAmong all described serotonin (5‐HT) receptors in mammals, the type three (5‐HT3) is the only ligand‐gated ion channel receptor for serotonin. By using double in situ hybridization histochemistry, we found co‐expression of the functional 5‐HT3A subunit of the 5‐HT3 receptor and the central CB1 cannabinoid receptor in neurons of the rat telencephalon. Double‐labeled 5‐HT3A/CB1 neurons were found in the anterior olfactory nucleus, superficial and deep layers of the cortex, hippocampal formation (hippocampus, dentate gyrus, subiculum, and entorhinal cortex) and amygdala. Analysis of the proportion of neurons co‐expressing 5‐HT3A and CB1 receptors in the cortex and amygdala showed that, depending on the brain region, 37–53% of all neurons expressing the 5‐HT3A subunit also expressed CB1 transcripts; 16–72% of the total population of neurons expressing CB1 mRNA co‐expressed the 5‐HT3A subunit. By using a combination of double in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that 5‐HT3A/CB1‐expressing neurons contained the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). These results imply that in distinct regions of the telencephalon, GABA neurons that react to cannabinoids may also be responsive to serotonin through 5‐HT3 receptors. Cellular coexistence of 5‐HT3A and CB1 transcripts in interneurons of the cortex, hippocampal formation, and amygdala suggest possible interactions between the cannabinoid and serotonergic systems at the level of GABA neurotransmission in brain areas involved in cognition, memory, and emotion. J. Comp. Neurol. 468:205–216, 2004. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dorsal striatopallidal system in anurans
Authors: Endepols Heike , Roden Katja , Luksch Harald , Dicke Ursula , Walkowiak Wolfgang 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe dorsal striatopallidal system of tetrapods consists of the dorsal striatum (caudate‐putamen in mammals) and the dorsal pallidum. Although the existence of striatal and pallidal structures has been well documented in anuran amphibians, the exact boundaries of these structures have so far been a matter of debate. To delineate precisely the dorsal striatopallidal system of anurans, we used quantitative analysis of leucine‐enkephalin immunohistochemistry (in Bombina orientalis, Discoglossus pictus, Xenopus laevis, and Hyla versicolor), retrograde neurobiotin tracing studies (injections in the central and ventromedial thalamic nuclei in H. versicolor), and double‐labeling tracing studies (injections in the lateral forebrain bundle and the caudal striatum in B. orientalis). Immunohistochemistry revealed that enkephalin‐positive neurons are located mainly in the rostral and intermediate striatum. Neurobiotin tracing studies demonstrated that neurons projecting to the central and ventromedial thalamic nuclei are found in the intermediate and caudal striatum. Double‐labeling studies revealed that the population of neurons in the rostral and intermediate striatum innervating the caudal striatum is separated from neurons projecting into the lateral forebrain bundle. Neurons that project to both the caudal striatum and the lateral forebrain bundle are found only in the dorsal part of the intermediate striatum. Taken together, our results suggest that the rostral striatum of anurans is homologous to the striatum proper of mammals, whereas the caudal striatum is comparable to the dorsal pallidum. The intermediate striatum represents a transition area between the two structures. J. Comp. Neurol. 468:299–310, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A realistic mobility pattern generator for the performance evaluation of mobile computing mechanisms
Authors: Kyriakakos M. , Frangiadakis N. , Hadjiefthymiades S. , Merakos L. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA platform for the simulation of mobility functions (e.g. protocols, application architectures) is presented. This platform, named RMPG, is based on the assumption that real humans exhibit considerable spatial and temporal regularity in their moves. We base our simulation environment on the random way‐point algorithm incorporated in the ns tool. We review other approaches, simulation tools and mobility models. Through the RMPG, that has been implemented in Java, we performed a series of simulations by considering a path prediction algorithm as a mobility function scheme. We present our results. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fine‐needle aspiration of superficial and deeply seated lymph nodes on patients with and without a history of malignancy: Review of 439 cases
Authors: Schafernak Kristian T. , Kluskens Larry F. , Ariga Reshma , Reddy Vijaya B. , Gattuso Paolo 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis study addresses the utility of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) in assessing lymphadenopathy in patients with and without a previous history of malignancy. We reviewed the FNAs of superficial and deeply seated lymph nodes performed at our institution over a period of 18 yr (1983–2001). Where applicable, we also reviewed and report here the results of subsequent surgical excisional biopsies. We analyzed data from 439 patients, who ranged in age from 1 to 90 yr. The neck and retroperitoneum were the most frequently sampled sites (47% and 25%, respectively). Among the 439 FNAs, adequate material was obtained in 421 cases (96%); the remaining 18 were unsatisfactory (4.1%). Malignant diagnoses were rendered in 330 cases (75% of 439), four were suspicious for lymphoma (0.9%), and 87 were read as reactive lymph nodes or granulomas (20%). The most common malignant cytologic diagnoses from these lymph node FNAs were adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and lymphoma. We compared results between two major groups: patients with a history of malignancy and those without. FNA showed malignancy in 87% of patients with a history of cancer and 41% without such a history. Thirty‐three or 10% of patients with a history of malignancy were given a benign diagnosis and follow‐up surgical excisional biopsies were performed in nine of these cases. Four of the nine showed low‐grade lymphoma. Of the 18 nondiagnostic FNAs, nine came from patients with a history of malignancy and in six of these nine who had a follow‐up surgical excisional biopsy the lymph nodes were positive for malignancy. Of the other nine, who had no history of malignancy, only two had follow‐up biopsies and both of these were negative. Patients with a history of malignancy are more than twice as likely to show malignancy on lymph node FNA compared to those without such a history (87% vs. 41%). Knowing whether a patient has a history of malignancy provides the appropriate level of suspicion for ordering ancillary investigations or even recommending excisional biopsy for further evaluation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:315–319. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology vs. core biopsy in the diagnosis of breast lesions
Authors: Berner Aasmund , Davidson Ben , Sigstad Eva , Risberg Bjørn 
Published: December 2003

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an established, highly accurate method for diagnosing breast lesions. However, in recent years there has been increased use of core biopsy (CB) in this setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of FNAC and compare the quality assessment parameters of FNAC and CB in palpable and nonpalpable breast lesions. Data regarding FNAC, CB, and excision biopsy (EB) diagnoses were retrieved from the archives of our department. A total of 4,367 FNAC samples from the years 1999–2001 was reviewed. Of these, corresponding histology results were available for 1,275 lesions, of which 1,248 were primary breast epithelial lesions (788 EB, 199 CB, 261 EB+CB). All cases were analyzed for sensitivity and specificity of FNAC. Cases with both FNAC and CB were compared and quality assessment parameters were calculated using the methodology detailed in the National Health Service Breast Screening Program guidelines. High specificity and sensitivity, as calculated for satisfactory specimens, were achieved with the use of both FNAC and CB. False‐positive and false‐negative diagnoses were seen in 7/404 (1.7%) and 45/635 (7.1%) of biopsy‐proven specimens sampled by FNAC. The corresponding values for CB were 0% and 5.7%, respectively. Inadequate sampling (15.1%) with use of FNAC was particularly seen in collagenous lesions and in submitted specimens sampled by physicians lacking experience with the FNAC procedure. FNAC is a valuable method, although moderately less sensitive than CB. CB is the preferred method for preoperative diagnosis when sampling FNAC provides scarce material and suspicion of a fibrotic and collagenous lesion such as lobular carcinoma and radial scar arises. FNAC is most accurate when experienced cytologists are available and when immediate assessment by professionals is performed for evaluation of material adequacy, so that additional aspirations can be done when needed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:344–348. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ergonomics and cytotechnologists: Reported musculoskeletal discomfort
Authors: Thompson Sophie K. , Mason Eileen , Dukes Stephanie 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAnalysis of this survey of 244 responding cytotechnologists shows that a high percentage still suffer from musculoskeletal disorders commonly associated with poor ergonomic design in the workplace, despite the variety of ergonomically designed microscopes that have been introduced into the market. Although Kalavar and Hunting surveyed a small group of cytotechnologists in the Washington, DC, area in 1996, no broad‐based study has focused specifically on these professionals. The landmark study of microscope ergonomics, published by Soderberg in 1980, documented widespread musculoskeletal complaints in the electronics industry. This article identifies and discusses the types of musculoskeletal discomforts experienced by cytotechnologists. We propose that both practicing and student cytotechnologists receive training in ergonomic principles and appropriate interventions, such as improved work practices, proper ergonomic aids, well‐designed workstations, and ergonomically designed equipment. More than 85% of respondents reported some musculoskeletal discomfort. Among the symptoms presented are headache, neck pain and stiffness, pain of the lower and upper back, and upper‐extremity discomfort. Neurological symptoms, such as numbness, tingling, and/or pain in the hand and fingers, are often associated with repetitive motion. More than one‐third reported numbness, tingling, and/or pain in the left‐hand fingers, usually used for the fine‐focus control knob. Almost one‐half of respondents reported such symptoms for the right hand and fingers, normally used to manipulate the mechanical stage controls. Only 9% of the respondents were left‐handed. Most (91%) were right handed. Although just over one‐third (34.4%) of respondents worked for an employer with an ergonomics program, ergonomic assessments had been performed for only about one‐half (17.6%) of these. In addition, approximately 10% of respondents indicated that ergonomics assessments had been performed on their workstations, even though the employer did not have an ergonomics program. Because of the high prevalence of reported symptoms, we recommend that all cytologists be trained in basic ergonomic principles and the proper use of ergonomic aids. These interventions should reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort in medical microscopists. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:364–367. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elastofibroma dorsi has distinct cytomorphologic features, making diagnostic surgical biopsy unnecessary: Cytomorphologic study with clinical, radiologic, and electron microscopic correlations
Authors: Domanski Henryk A. , Carlén Birgitta , Sloth Maja , Rydholm Anders 
Published: December 2003

AbstractElastofibroma dorsi (EFD) is a relatively rare soft tissue mass, probably of reactive nature. The lesion is typically located near the inferior margin of the scapula or between the inferior part of scapula and the chest wall in elderly women. Although location of the tumor together with the age/sex of the patients and radiologic findings is often suggestive of the diagnosis, tissue examination has been considered necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Although the histologic features of EFD are well known, there are only four single case reports of the cytologic findings in the English language literature. We describe the cytologic features of EFD in five patients with correlations to clinical, radiologic, histologic, and electron microscopic findings. The current study suggests that the fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) features are highly diagnostic, permitting a firm diagnosis of EFD in a typical clinical setting and eliminating the need for preoperative histologic examination. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:327–333. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostatic epithelial polyp diagnosed in a bladder wash
Authors: Sarwar Syeda F. , Lorusso Giovanni D. , Sarma Deba P. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractProstatic epithelial polyps, also known as adenomatous polyps or papillary adenomas with prostatic type epithelium, are uncommon lesions. These lesions typically involve the adult male urethra, trigone, or bladder dome. Diagnosis is usually made by biopsy. Presence of clusters of benign columnar cells in urine cytologic material can suggest the presence of such polyps and must be included in the differential diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:356–357. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytological diagnosis of nonulcerative penile neoplasms: Report of two cases
Authors: Harish K. , Alva N. Kishore , Arun Kumar S.P. , Mangala Gouri S.R. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractNonulcerative penile mass lesions are rare. Pathological diagnosis of these lesions would traditionally be a biopsy. We report two such primary penile lesions which were diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Both lesions were present in the shaft and were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The first patient had a recurrence on the penile stump of partial amputation without any ulceration. The second had a primary urethral carcinoma on the terminal penile shaft infiltrating the corpora cavernosa dorsally. Open biopsies were avoided in both cases. FNAC was associated with very little and tolerable discomfort. There were no complications. The aspirate yield was sufficient for cytological diagnosis. FNAC of nonulcerated penile lesions is safe, well tolerated, and capable of providing a cytological diagnosis. Hence, it is a very useful outpatient procedure and could be the procedure of choice for diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:358–359. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sequence confirmation of the EWS‐WT1 fusion gene transcript in the peritoneal effusion of a patient with desmoplastic small round cell tumor
Authors: Chiu L.L. , Koay E.S.C. , Chan N.H. , Salto‐Tellez M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDesmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare undifferentiated neoplasm. The prognosis is poor, even if therapy is instituted promptly, and thus it is important to differentiate it from other histologically and cytologically similar‐looking malignancies of the young adult. We present a case of DSRCT in a 17‐yr‐old male with disseminated peritoneal disease and peritoneal effusion. The cytology sample showed a malignant small round cell tumor, the classical cytological features of DSRCT, and immunohistochemistry performed in the prepared cell block exhibited an antibody expression profile in keeping with DSRCT. Further material from the effusion was prepared for RNA extraction, following which a reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and sequencing of the t(11;22)(p13;q11 or q12) were carried out. The result showed the presence of the reciprocal translocation and thus confirmed the diagnosis of DSRCT. This case shows how molecular techniques (including sequencing) can be applied to cytology in clarifying and confirming certain difficult diagnosis of undifferentiated neoplasms, DSRCT in this particular case. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:341–343. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Similarities in affiliation and aggression between cross‐fostered rhesus macaque females and their biological mothers
Authors: Maestripieri Dario 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn female‐bonded primate species, there is cross‐generational consistency in female affiliative and aggressive behavior. This consistency could be the result of maternal effects, offspring learning, shared environment, and/or direct genetic inheritance of behavioral or psychological traits. In this study, I investigated possible similarities in affiliation and aggression between cross‐fostered rhesus macaque females and their biological mothers. Ten female infants were cross‐fostered at birth, and selected aspects of their affiliative and agonistic behavior over the course of their first 3 years of life were compared to the behavior of their foster and biological mothers. Average offspring rates of social contact and aggression across the 3 years, and in particular in Years 2 and 3, resembled those of their biological mothers whereas no clear behavioral similarities between offspring and foster mothers were observed at any age. Heritable variation in female social behavior may be maintained by natural selection and leads to adaptation to different socioecological niches within macaque populations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 43: 321–327, 2003.
Oral compression activity on a surrogate nipple in the newborn rat: Nutritive and nonnutritive sucking
Authors: Kozlov Andrey P. , Petrov Evgeniy S. , Kashinsky Wayne , Nizhnikov Michael E. , Spear Norman E. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractNewborn rats, 3 hr after birth and before any experience in suckling, were exposed for 10 min to a surrogate nipple providing milk. One hour later, they were exposed to an empty nipple for another 10‐min period. The basic characteristics of oral behavior (oral compression activity, OCA) were assessed by recording intranipple pressure during the pups' first attachment to a nipple. The peculiarities of milk‐induced changes of OCA were examined with three modes of milk delivery (milk infusions, and intermittent and continuous milk deliveries). The pattern of OCA exerted by the newborn pups on a surrogate nipple consisted of rhythmic oscillations within a frequency range of 0.4 to 1.0 Hz, superimposed on slow (frequency < 0.2 Hz), irregular intranipple pressure fluctuations. Oral behavior during the first minute after oral capture of the nipple differed significantly from that during any subsequent 1‐min interval in terms of frequency content of OCA. The pattern of OCA changes induced by milk infusions or intermittent milk delivery included an abrupt rise in intranipple pressure, accompanied or followed by a burst of fast nipple compressions (bites). Our data suggest that newborn rats attached to a surrogate nipple demonstrate patterns of oral behavior that simulate, in terms of basic frequency characteristics, patterns of nutritive and nonnutritive suckling observed in more mature pups on the maternal nipple. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 43: 290–303, 2003.
A neuroimaging method for the study of threat in adolescents
Authors: Monk Christopher S. , Grillon Christian , Baas Johanna M. P. , McClure Erin B. , Nelson Eric E. , Zarahn Eric , Charney Dennis S. , Ernst Monique , Pine Daniel S. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractLittle is understood about the brain basis of anxiety, particularly among youth. However, threat paradigms with animals are delineating the relationship between anxietylike behaviors and brain function. We adapted a threat paradigm for adolescents using functional magnetic resonance imaging. The aim was to examine amygdala activation to fear. The threat was an aversive air blast directed to the larynx. Participants were explicitly informed that they might receive the air blast when viewing one stimulus (threat condition) and would not receive the blast when viewing the other stimulus (safe condition). Participants provided fear ratings immediately after each trial. Based on the relatively mild nature of the air blast, we expected participants to report varying degrees of fear. Those who reported increased fear showed right amygdala activation during the threat condition and left amygdala activation in the safe condition. These procedures offer a promising tool for studying youth with anxiety disorders. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 43: 359–366, 2003.