bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health phenotypes of well-controlled HIV in Uganda
Authors: Rubin Leah H. , Cho Kyu , Bolzenius Jacob , Mannarino Julie , Easter Rebecca E. , Dastgheyb Raha M. , Anok Aggrey , Tomusange Stephen , Saylor Deanna , Wawer Maria J. , Nakasujja Noeline , Nakigozi Gertrude , Paul Robert 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThe phenotypic expression of mental health (MH) conditions among people with HIV (PWH) in Uganda and worldwide are heterogeneous. Accordingly, there has been a shift toward identifying MH phenotypes using data-driven methods capable of identifying novel insights into mechanisms of divergent MH phenotypes among PWH. We leverage the analytic strengths of machine learning combined with inferential methods to identify novel MH phenotypes among PWH and the underlying explanatory features.MethodsA total of 277 PWH (46% female, median age = 44; 93% virally suppressed [&lt;50copies/mL]) were included in the analyses. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C). A clustering pipeline consisting of dimension reduction with UMAP followed by HBDScan was used to identify MH subtypes using total symptom scores. Inferential statistics compared select demographic (age, sex, education), viral load, and early life adversity between clusters.ResultsWe identified four MH phenotypes. Cluster 1 (n = 76; PTSD phenotype) endorsed clinically significant PTSD symptoms (average PCL-C total score &gt; 33). Clusters 2 (n = 32; anxiety phenotype) and 3 (n = 130; mixed anxiety/depression phenotype) reported minimal PTSD symptoms, with modest BAI (Cluster 2) and PHQ-9 (Cluster 3) elevations. Cluster 4 (n = 39; minimal symptom phenotype) reported no clinical MH symptom elevations. Comparisons revealed higher rates of sexual abuse during childhood among the PTSD phenotype vs. the minimal symptom phenotype (p = 0.03).DiscussionWe identified unique MH phenotypes among PWH and confirmed the importance of early life adversity as an early risk determinant for unfavorable MH among PWH in adulthood.
Mobile health interventions on vaccination coverage among children under 5 years of age in Low and Middle-Income countries; a scoping review
Authors: Onigbogi Olanrewaju , Ojo Omobola Yetunde , Kinnunen Ulla-Mari , Saranto Kaija 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesIncreased mobile phone use in Low- and Middle-Income countries (LMIC) has led to suggestions that health interventions using mobile phones can help solve some health problems. Vaccination has been shown to be an effective means of improving health outcomes. However, vaccination coverage in many LMIC has been generally low. The aim of this study was to synthesize evidence concerning the context, mechanisms, and outcome elements of mobile health interventions in improving vaccination coverage among children under 5 years of age in LMIC.MethodsA search conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, Embase, and the Cochrane library led to 27 studies included in the final analysis out of 357 identified articles.ResultsTwenty-one studies were from Africa, four from Asia and two studies were from Latin America and the Caribbean. Short Message Service (SMS) intervention was used exclusively in 21 studies while six studies used a combination of SMS and phone calls, and one intervention was based only on phone calls.ConclusionThe results from most studies suggest an improved uptake of vaccination with mobile health interventions. However, there is a need for further research to quantify the impact of these interventions and determine the most effective strategies.
Literacy among tobacco users and healthcare professionals about tobacco harm reduction strategies: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Iqbal Sajid , Patwardhan Sudhanshu , Sivarajan Froelicher Erika , Asmat Kainat , Barolia Rubina 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThe proposed review identifies and describes the extent of Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR) strategies in Pakistan. It also examines the awareness and understanding of these strategies among healthcare professionals and tobacco users in Pakistan.IntroductionTobacco consumption poses a significant threat to human health and is a leading cause of non-communicable diseases. Over the last two decades, the prevalence of tobacco use has increased in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), which has considerably contributed to the increasing prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Tobacco is consumed in various forms, including manufactured cigarettes, hookah/shisha, chewing tobacco, and dipping tobacco. Tobacco use can be reduced and prevented through various strategies adopted by many countries worldwide. One prominent strategy is THR. THR involves the use of safer nicotine products in recommended doses to cope with the symptoms of withdrawal and increase tobacco users’ chances of quitting smoking. In Pakistan, the concept of tobacco harm reduction (THR) is not widely recognized by healthcare professionals and tobacco users.Inclusion and exclusion criteriaLiterature available on Pakistani adults and adolescents (aged 13 years and above) will be included. Literature available as free full text will be included regardless of the publication date. Furthermore, literature available in English or Urdu will be considered eligible. Also, literature available in any form of publication, such as research studies, reviews, organizational websites or blogs, will be considered eligible. Literature that includes Pakistani data mixed with data from any other country will be excluded.MethodsThe literature search will use PubMed, CINAHL, ProQuest Theses &amp; Dissertations, EBSCO Dentistry and Oral Sciences, and PsycInfo databases for online and gray literature. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram will record the included and excluded literature. Two independent reviewers will screen all the retrieved literature. After confirming the eligibility criteria, data from included records will be extracted on an Excel sheet that will record the important characteristics of the literature source and the main findings. Meta-synthesis of collated data will be performed, and the results will be presented as narrative summaries and frequency tables.Systematic review registrationhttps://osf.io/dashboard.
The impact of policy-oriented agricultural insurance on China’s grain production resilience
Authors: Zheng Tao , Zhao Guiqian 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionAs an effective tool and public welfare product of the state to support and benefit agriculture, policy-oriented agricultural insurance has unique advantages in dispersing agricultural risks and guaranteeing stable grain production and supply.MethodsBased on provincial panel data from 2002 to 2021, this paper analyzes the impact of policy-oriented agricultural insurance on grain production resilience. It constructs a comprehensive indicator system to assess grain production resilience and examines the impact of the insurance premium subsidy policy and the insurance development level on grain production resilience.ResultsThe study finds that policy-oriented agricultural insurance significantly improves grain production resilience and passes the robustness test. The heterogeneity analysis shows that the policy-oriented agricultural insurance development level in major grain producing areas has a significantly positive impact on grain production resilience, and the impact is higher than that in non major grain producing areas. Additionally, the impact of policy-oriented agricultural insurance on grain production resilience in high risk areas is more pronounced than that in low risk areas. At the same time, the mechanism analysis shows that policy-oriented agricultural insurance can have a positive impact on grain production resilience by improving agricultural technology progress, land transfer, and grain cultivation specialization.DiscussionThis paper reveals that policy-oriented agricultural insurance has a positive impact on grain production resilience and provides relevant policy suggestions for the government. This has a considerable impact on promoting sustainable grain production.
Effects of lactic acid bacterial and chemical additives on the quality and biogenic amine production of oat silage at low temperature
Authors: Huang Yuhan , Jia Tingting 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThe effects of low-temperature-resistant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and chemical additives on the quality and biogenic amine production of oat (Avena sativa L.) silage stored at low temperature were investigated.MethodsThe Lactobacillus plantarum strain Y28, isolated from oat silage, demonstrated robust growth at low temperature. Fresh and wilted oat forages were treated with no additives (Con), L. plantarum inoculant (Y28), propionic acid (PA), formic acid (FA) and sodium benzoate (SB). Silages were opened after 30 or 60 days of storage, and their quality and biogenic amine production were evaluated.ResultsAfter fermentation, putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine were present at the highest levels in oat silage stored at low temperature, constituting approximately about 90% of the total biogenic amines measured. Five other amines, tryptamine, phenethylamine, histamine, spermidine and spermine were mostly detected at concentrations below 30 mg/kg. The concentrations of tryptamine, phenethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, spermidine and total biogenic amines, but not spermine, were higher in fresh oat silages compared to wilted oat silages after 30 or 60 days of fermentation. The Y28 inoculant improved the fermentation quality of oat silage at low temperature by lowering the pH and ammonia nitrogen content while increasing lactate content. Oat silage treated with Y28, PA, FA and SB showed lower concentrations of putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine and total biogenic amines than the control in both fresh and wilted oat silage after 30 or 60 days of fermentation.ConclusionAmong these treatments, FA was the most effective at suppressing the formation of tyramine, cadaverine and putrescine in oat silage stored at low temperature.
Spectral Energy Distribution Variability of the Blazar OJ 287 During 2009–2021
Authors: Zuo Wenwen , Gupta Alok C. , Gu Minfeng , Valtonen Mauri J. , Jorstad Svetlana G. , Aller Margo F. , Lähteenmäki Anne , Kiehlmann Sebastian , Kushwaha Pankaj , Aller Hugh D. , Chen Liang , Readhead Anthony C. S. , Tornikoski Merja , Yuan Qi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Using nearly simultaneous radio, near-infrared, optical, and ultraviolet (UV) data collected since 2009, we constructed 106 spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the blazar OJ 287. These SEDs are well fitted by a log-parabolic model. By classifying the data into “flare” and “quiescent” segments, we find that the median flux at the peak frequency of the SEDs during the flare segments is 0.37 ± 0.22 dex higher compared to the quiescent segments, while no significant differences are observed in the median values of the curvature parameter b or the peak frequency

log
ν
p

. A significant bluer-when-brighter trend is confirmed through the relation between the V magnitude and B − V color index, with this trend being stronger in the flare segments. Additionally, a significant anticorrelation is detected between

log
ν
p

and b, with a slope of 5.79 in the relation between 1/b and

log
ν
p

, closer to the prediction from a statistical acceleration model than a stochastic acceleration interpretation, though a notable discrepancy persists. This discrepancy indicates that additional factors—such as deviations from idealized conditions or radiative contributions, such as the thermal emission from the accretion disk in the optical–UV range during quiescent states—may play a role in producing the observed steeper slope. Within the framework of the statistical acceleration mechanism, the lack of correlation between the change in the peak intensity and the change in the peak frequency suggests that the change in the electron energy distribution is unlikely to be responsible for the time-dependent SED changes. Instead, changes in Doppler boosting or magnetic fields may have a greater influence.
Nonthermal Velocities in a Solar Active Region Observed by SERTS
Authors: Brosius Jeffrey W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present measurements of coronal nonthermal Doppler velocities in NOAA Active Region 7870 observed by the Solar EUV Research Telescope and Spectrograph during its 1995 sounding rocket flight (SERTS-95). The instrument included a multilayer-coated toroidal diffraction grating that enhanced its sensitivity in second order at wavelengths between about 171 and 225 Å. Analyses of spectra from this flight were previously published but did not address the issue of nonthermal velocities; we do so here for spectra averaged over the 123

.

″

8 segment of the slit for which the brightest portion of the region observed by SERTS was recorded. All emission lines are fit with Gaussian profiles. With post-flight laboratory spectra of He ii and Ne II-IIINe we derive a first-order instrumental width (full width at half-maximum intensity) of F
inst
,1 = 50.6 ± 3.1 mÅ and a second-order instrumental width of F
inst
,2 = 25.3 ±1.5 mÅ. For emission lines of Fe x−Fe xv, formed at 6.05 ≤ log T(K) ≤ 6.35, we find nonthermal velocities between 26.1 and 35.0 km s−1, independent of temperature; this range corresponds to V
nonth = 30.6 ± 4.5 km s−1. For the two unblended Fe xii lines at 192.394 and 193.509 Å closest to the maximum sensitivity of SERTS-95, we have V
nonth = 33.7 ± 1.3 km s−1. When solar observations are used to derive or confirm instrumental widths for spectrometers in orbit, those observations should compensate for nonthermal velocities such as the ones reported here in order to extract instrumental widths that are free of nonthermal broadening.
Inner-heliospheric Signatures of Steadily Declining Solar Magnetic Fields and Their Possible Implications
Authors: Tanti Harsha Avinash , Bisoi Susanta Kumar , Datta Abhirup , Fujiki K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We examined solar photospheric magnetic fields for the solar cycles 21–25, covering the period 1975–2024. The unsigned photospheric magnetic fields at low latitudes (0°–45°), known as solar toroidal fields, showed a solar cycle variation with the total field strength being stronger during the maximum of cycle 25 than the maximum of cycle 24. However, the unsigned field strength of photospheric magnetic fields at high latitudes (45°–78°), known as solar polar fields, has shown a significant steady decline since around the mid-1990s. The unsigned field strength of solar polar fields, after an increase during 2015–2020, has declined again until 2024, continuing the declining trend for a long 30 yr. Also, we examined the solar wind microturbulence levels in the inner heliosphere (0.2–0.8 au), using interplanetary scintillation observations at 327 MHz, covering the period 1983–2022, that steadily declined since the mid-1990s and continued until 2022, synchronously with the solar polar fields. We found that the floor level in both solar toroidal fields and solar wind magnetic fields was reduced during the minimum of cycle 23 and recovered back during the minimum of cycle 24. In addition, a hemispherically asymmetric solar polar reversal was evident in the signed (axial) solar polar fields during cycles 21–25, with the reversal in cycle 25 for the northern hemisphere already completed but the same for the southern hemisphere yet to be completed. We discuss the implications of the long declining trend and other anomalies in solar cycle activity.
Review article Impact of phytochemical-based hydrocolloid dressings on wound healing: A comparative review
Authors: Sibanda Sipho , Razwinani Mapula , Motaung Keolebogile Shirley 
Published: January 2025

Background: Wound healing is an important occurrence consisting of a myriad biochemical processes. The recent introduction of phytochemical-based dressings to expedite wound healing uses a multi-targeted approach including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.Aim: The review aimed to conduct an exhaustive search of the existing literature on plant-based hydrocolloid dressings for wound healing and to evaluate the dressing efficacy in comparison to standard dressings.Setting: The review offers a worldwide overview of plant-based hydrocolloid dressings and their use.Methods: A systematic search using keywords was done to identify clinical and randomised control trials from 2019 to 2024. The following databases were queried: Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science. Data appraisal was done by an analysis of the data quality by the authors.Results: Of a total of 866 records identified, 4 qualified for further assessment. The data retrieved showed that the use of phytochemical-based hydrocolloids is more effective compared to non-plant-based hydrocolloids.Conclusion: The data analysis revealed that there are few research studies on plant-based hydrocolloids, and there is a need for further research in the area. In addition, the dressings significantly expedite wound healing offering a multifaceted approach because of the different mechanisms of action including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cell proliferation.Contribution: This study highlights the need for further studies on hydrocolloids produced from plant extracts for effective wound healing.
Evaluation of Serum and Salivary Uric Acid with and without Metabolic Syndrome Patients
Authors: Uppin Rabiya Basari , Varghese Sheeja S , Baseer Mohammad Abdul , AlHudaithi Felwa Sulaiman , Alkadhi Omar H , Mubaraki Sarah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Serum uric acid (UA) is linked to several medical conditions, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aims to evaluate the correlation between serum and salivary UA concentration in individuals with and without MetS.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study comprised 328 subjects (without MetS [n = 164] and MetS [n = 164]) aged between 20 and 72 years seeking medical investigations in a private diagnostic laboratory. Demographic and oral health information was obtained from each participant. MetS components were recorded, and participants were classified as either MetS positive or MetS negative based on the international diabetic federation criteria. Serum and salivary samples were collected, and UA level was determined and correlated between MetS-positive and MetS-negative subjects. Descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U and Spearman’s tests were applied to ascertain the relationship.

Results:
Serum UA levels in MetS positive 5.8 (1.27) and MetS negative 5.5 (1) differed significantly (P = 0.003). Similarly, a significant difference was observed in salivary UA of MetS positive 5.9 (1.4) and MetS negative 5.05 (2.7), (P < 0.001) patients. In MetS-positive patients, serum and salivary UA did not reveal a significant correlation (r = 0.041, P = 0.601). However, MetS-negative participants demonstrated a significantly weak correlation between serum and salivary UA (r = −0.174, P = 0.026).

Conclusion:
Serum and salivary UA levels were elevated in patients with MetS compared to those without MetS. Salivary UA exhibited an insignificant positive correlation with serum UA in subjects with MetS.
Awareness of Therapeutic Steroid Injections for Lower Back Pain amongst the Saudi Population: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alkhaldi Waleed F 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Low back pain (LBP) is a common condition characterised by soreness or stiffness in the lower back, often associated with the disc, joint or nerve issues. It varies by duration (acute, subacute and chronic) and is more prevalent in females and high-income countries. Therapeutic steroid injections (TSIs) provide short-term relief by reducing inflammation, yet their effectiveness remains debated. This study explores awareness and misconceptions about TSI for LBP in Saudi society.

Materials and Methods:
About 222 adult patients with the chief complaint of LBP reporting to the department of orthopaedics were included in the study. The data were collected by a pre-tested and self-administered questionnaire evaluating the awareness about the TSIs for LBP amongst the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia population.

Results:
Females (54.4%) were more aware of therapeutic back injections than males (40.3%), which showed statistically significant results (P = 0.037). Steroid awareness revealed a non-significant trend towards increased awareness in older patients (P = 0.068). There was a significant association between the duration of back pain and age. Clinic visit duration was significantly associated with age (P < 0.001), with younger patients (30-40 years) going for 1–6 months (64.0%) and elderly patients (more than 60 years) attending for more than 3 years (76.0%).

Conclusion:
Our study found a lack of accurate knowledge and comprehension regarding TSI. Therefore, orthopaedic clinics should enhance patients’ awareness, understanding and support concerning TSI.
Study on antifungal usage in patients with vaginal itching and discharge at a private hospital in Kolkata using the National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers and the World Health Organization prescribing criteria
Authors: Roy Ankita , Ganguly Arpan , Pal Soumyajit , Bhowmick Subhrojyoti , Das Nina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
One in every 10 women presents with abnormal vaginal discharge in Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, with the most common cause being candidiasis. Irrational use of antifungal for treatment of this condition leads to antifungal resistance and increase morbidity.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology in collaboration of Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the private medical college hospital in Kolkata. One hundred and forty outpatient department prescriptions were screened and included in this study from March 2024 to April 2024, and the prescriptions of the previous 6 months were collected.

Results:
The average number of drugs per prescription was 1.1. Antifungals were prescribed in 89.3%, out of which only 8.6% were in accordance with the standard treatment guidelines of management of vaginal candidiasis. The dose of the drug was written in 11.5% of the prescriptions while the duration of treatment was written in 84.9% of the prescriptions. The fungal culture and sensitivity testing was documented in only 10.7% of the prescriptions. 29.5% of the prescriptions had the generic name of the medicines whereas the complete diagnosis was written in only 13.7% of the prescriptions.

Conclusion:
This study highlights the commonly encountered errors in prescribing of antifungal drugs in a tertiary care teaching hospital. These errors may lead to irrational prescribing of antifungal and development of antifungal resistance in the long run. Active surveillance in the form of regular prescription audit and organizing regular training workshop for the prescribers will improve the prescribing practice.
2-classifiers via dense generators and Hofmann–Streicher universe in stacks
Authors: Mesiti Luca 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We expand the theory of 2-classifiers, that are a 2-categorical generalization of subobject classifiers introduced by Weber. The idea is to upgrade monomorphisms to discrete opfibrations. We prove that the conditions of 2-classifier can be checked just on a dense generator. The study of what is classified by a 2-classifier is similarly reduced to a study over the objects that form a dense generator. We then apply our results to the cases of prestacks and stacks, where we can thus look just at the representables. We produce a 2-classifier in prestacks that classifies all discrete opfibrations with small fibres. Finally, we restrict such 2-classifier to a 2-classifier in stacks. This is the main ingredient of a proof that Grothendieck 2-topoi are elementary 2-topoi. Our results also solve a problem posed by Hofmann and Streicher when attempting to lift Grothendieck universes to sheaves.