bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilingual Toddlers’ Vocabulary Growth Interacts with Existing Knowledge and Cross-Linguistic Similarity
Authors: Siow Serene , Lepadatu Irina , Gillen Nicola A. , Plunkett Kim 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We explored whether bilingual toddlers make use of semantic and phonological overlap between their languages to learn new words. We analysed cross-sectional and longitudinal CDI data on the words understood and produced by 1.0 to 3.0-year-old bilingual toddlers with English and one additional language. Cognates were more likely to be understood and produced compared to non-cognates. Cognate effects were modulated by whether the toddler knew the translation equivalent in the other language, highlighting that young learners are sensitive to the similarities across their languages. Additionally, exploratory analyses suggest that children with smaller vocabularies rely more on translation equivalents to support the acquisition of difficult words. Children with larger vocabulary sizes exhibited no preference for translation equivalents in comprehension, and a preference for new concepts in production. The rapid acceleration of vocabulary growth in the second year of life may explain this developmental change in translation equivalent preference.
Do beetles indicate more predators and fewer pests in Lao PDR organic farms?
Authors: Chouangthavy Bounsanong , Fourcade Yoan 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Agricultural intensification has led to significant species losses and has been associated with a decline in ecosystem services provided by insects. In Asia, particularly in Lao PDR (Southeast Asia), biodiversity-friendly agricultural practices such as the production of organic crops have been promoted to address these challenges, although intensification has continued. In this study, we examined beetle community composition in three organic farms (using, for example, manure and compost and not employing synthetic fertilizers and pesticides) and three conventional farms (using, for example, synthetic fertilizers and insecticides) in Vientiane (Lao PDR). Our results indicate that total beetle abundance was similar between farm types, while species richness was greater, predators were over 18 times more abundant and insect pests were 9 times less abundant in organic compared to conventional farms. These findings can inform government organic farming policy in Lao PDR and the promotion of sustainable agriculture in Southeast Asia generally.
Automated generation of floor plans with minimum bends
Authors: Pinki  , Shekhawat Krishnendra , Lal Akshat 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The generation of floor plan layouts has been extensively studied in recent years, driven by the need for efficient and functional architectural designs. Despite significant advancements, existing methods often face limitations when dealing with specific input adjacency graphs or room shapes and boundary layouts. When adjacency graphs contain separating triangles, the floor plan must include rectilinear rooms (non-rectangular rooms with concave corners). From a design perspective, minimizing corners or bends in rooms is crucial for functionality and aesthetics. In this article, we present a Python-based application called G-Drawer for automatically generating floor plans with a minimum number of bends. G-Drawer takes any plane triangulated graph as an input and outputs a floor plan layout with minimum bends. It prioritizes generating a rectangular floor plan (RFP); if an RFP is not feasible, it then generates an orthogonal floor plan or an irregular floor plan. G-Drawer modifies orthogonal drawing techniques based on flow networks and applies them on the dual graph of a given PTG to generate the required floor plans. The results of this article demonstrate the efficacy of G-Drawer in creating efficient floor plans. However, in future, we need to work on generating multiple dimensioned floor plans having non-rectangular rooms as well as non-rectangular boundary. These enhancements will address both mathematical and architectural challenges, advancing the automated generation of floor plans toward more practical and versatile applications.
Satisfiability thresholds for regular occupation problems
Authors: Panagiotou Konstantinos , Pasch Matija 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the last two decades the study of random instances of constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) has flourished across several disciplines, including computer science, mathematics and physics. The diversity of the developed methods, on the rigorous and non-rigorous side, has led to major advances regarding both the theoretical as well as the applied viewpoints. Based on a ceteris paribus approach in terms of the density evolution equations known from statistical physics, we focus on a specific prominent class of regular CSPs, the so-called occupation problems, and in particular on

$r$

-in-

$k$

occupation problems. By now, out of these CSPs only the satisfiability threshold – the largest degree for which the problem admits asymptotically a solution – for the

$1$

-in-

$k$

occupation problem has been rigorously established. Here we determine the satisfiability threshold of the

$2$

-in-

$k$

occupation problem for all

$k$

. In the proof we exploit the connection of an associated optimization problem regarding the overlap of satisfying assignments to a fixed point problem inspired by belief propagation, a message passing algorithm developed for solving such CSPs.
Laboratory Acoustic Emissions Reveal Stress Rotation From Preparation Processes Toward Fault Slip on Varying Surface Roughness in Granular Materials
Authors: Song Jiefang , Wang Lei , Dresen Georg , Martínez‐Garzón Patricia , Vavryčuk Václav , Bohnhoff Marco , Lu Caiping , Kwiatek Grzegorz 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe investigate the influence of fault roughness on physical damage prior to large laboratory rock failure and the evolution of the local stress field surrounding the fault zone as macroscopic shear slip approaches. To achieve this, we analyze acoustic emission (AE) data from displacement‐driven rock friction experiments conducted on porous sandstone samples containing either a saw‐cut (smooth) or a rough fault. Using high‐quality AE‐derived focal mechanisms and two stress tensor inversion approaches–one considering double‐couple (DC) components and the other one incorporating non‐DC components, we examine the temporal evolution of the local stress tensor for both smooth and rough faults. Our results show no significant differences between the two stress inversion methods, indicating that non‐DC components have no significant influence on the resulting stress tensors in our experiments. As macroscopic shear slip approaches, the principal stress axes surrounding the fault zone gradually rotate, regardless of the initial fault roughness. The observed evolution of stress tensors correlates with the evolving partitioning between volumetric and shear deformation, as derived from moment tensor inversion of AEs. Compared to the smooth fault, the rough fault exhibits higher local stress heterogeneity and more erratic fluctuations in AE source‐related parameters as loading progresses.
Clouds Are Crucial to Capture Antarctic Sea Ice Variability
Authors: Cesana Grégory V. , Roach Lettie A. , Blanchard‐Wrigglesworth Edward 
Published: February 2025

AbstractModels from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) typically struggle to reproduce observed Antarctic sea ice trends, a bias that is substantially alleviated when constraining winds. We use wind‐nudged simulations from two CMIP models to investigate the influence of clouds on sea ice area (SIA). We find that nudging model winds in coupled simulations toward reanalysis, in addition to improving SIA variability, is crucial to reproduce realistic anomalies in cloud radiative effect (CRE) and cloud cover. Biases in the variability of cloud properties at sea ice edge—characterized by CRE anomalies—help explain the remaining discrepancies between simulated and observed SIA; a bias of 1 in the CRE anomaly corresponds to a negative bias of 0.43 in SIA anomaly. Finally, we find that most CMIP6 models show positive trends in CRE anomaly biases, which should contribute to enhanced SIA decline, a long‐standing bias in CMIP models.
Pan-caspase inhibitors induce secretion of HIV-1 latency reversal agent lymphotoxin-alpha from cytokine-primed NK cells
Authors: Hajikhezri Zamaneh , Zygouras Ioannis , Sönnerborg Anders , van Domselaar Robert 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The persistence of HIV-1 latency reservoirs in CD4+ T cells is a significant obstacle for curing HIV-1. Shock-and-kill strategies, which aim to reactivate latent HIV-1 followed by cytotoxic clearance, have shown limited success in vivo due to insufficient efficacy of latency reversal agents (LRAs) and off-target effects. Natural killer (NK) cells, with their ability to mediate cytotoxicity independent of antigen specificity, offer a promising avenue for enhancing the shock-and-kill approach. Previously, we observed that pan-caspase inhibitors induce NK cells to secrete an LRA in vitro. Here, we aimed to identify this LRA using a targeted proteomic approach. We identified lymphotoxin-α (LTα) as the key LRA secreted by NK cells following pan-caspase inhibitor treatment. LTα was shown to significantly induce HIV-1 LTR promoter activity, a hallmark of viral reactivation. Neutralization of LTα effectively abolished the observed LRA activity, confirming its central role. Moreover, cytokine-primed but not resting human primary NK cells exhibited LRA activity that could be neutralized with LTα neutralizing antibodies. Finally, pan-caspase inhibitor treatment did not decrease the ability of the cytokine-primed NK cells to kill target cells. These findings demonstrate that cytokine-primed NK cells, through LTα secretion, can effectively reactivate latent HIV-1 following pan-caspase inhibitor treatment, without compromising NK cell cytotoxicity. This highlights a potential enhancement strategy utilizing NK cells for shock-and-kill approaches in HIV-1 cure research.
Seasonal recurrence and modular assembly of an Arctic pelagic marine microbiome
Authors: Priest Taylor , Oldenburg Ellen , Popa Ovidiu , Dede Bledina , Metfies Katja , von Appen Wilken-Jon , Torres-Valdés Sinhué , Bienhold Christina , Fuchs Bernhard M. , Amann Rudolf , Boetius Antje , Wietz Matthias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Deciphering how microbial communities are shaped by environmental variability is fundamental for understanding the structure and function of ocean ecosystems. While seasonal environmental gradients have been shown to structure the taxonomic dynamics of microbiomes over time, little is known about their impact on functional dynamics and the coupling between taxonomy and function. Here, we demonstrate annually recurrent, seasonal structuring of taxonomic and functional dynamics in a pelagic Arctic Ocean microbiome by combining autonomous samplers and in situ sensors with long-read metagenomics and SSU ribosomal metabarcoding. Specifically, we identified five temporal microbiome modules whose succession within each annual cycle represents a transition across different ecological states. For instance, Cand. Nitrosopumilus, Syndiniales, and the machinery to oxidise ammonia and reduce nitrite are signatures of early polar night, while late summer is characterised by Amylibacter and sulfur compound metabolism. Leveraging metatranscriptomes from Tara Oceans, we also demonstrate the consistency in functional dynamics across the wider Arctic Ocean during similar temporal periods. Furthermore, the structuring of genetic diversity within functions over time indicates that environmental selection pressure acts heterogeneously on microbiomes across seasons. By integrating taxonomic, functional and environmental information, our study provides fundamental insights into how microbiomes are structured under pronounced seasonal changes in understudied, yet rapidly changing polar marine ecosystems.
Structural basis of SIRT7 nucleosome engagement and substrate specificity
Authors: Moreno-Yruela Carlos , Ekundayo Babatunde E. , Foteva Polina N. , Ni Dongchun , Calvino-Sanles Esther , Stahlberg Henning , Fierz Beat 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chromatin-modifying enzymes target distinct residues within histones to finetune gene expression profiles. SIRT7 is an NAD+-dependent deacylase often deregulated in cancer, which deacetylates either H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) or H3K18 with high specificity within nucleosomes. Here, we report structures of nucleosome-bound SIRT7, and uncover the structural basis of its specificity towards H3K36 and K18 deacylation, combining a mechanism-based cross-linking strategy, cryo-EM, and enzymatic and cellular assays. We show that the SIRT7 N-terminus represents a unique, extended nucleosome-binding domain, reaching across the nucleosomal surface to the acidic patch. The catalytic domain binds at the H3-tail exit site, engaging both DNA gyres of the nucleosome. Contacting H3K36 versus H3K18 requires a change in binding pose, and results in structural changes in both SIRT7 and the nucleosome. These structures reveal the basis of lysine specificity, allowing us to engineer SIRT7 towards enhanced H3K18ac selectivity, and provides a basis for small molecule modulator development.
Proteomic profiling of iPSC and tissue-derived MSC secretomes reveal a global signature of inflammatory licensing
Authors: Hodgson-Garms Margeaux , Moore Matthew J. , Martino Mikaël M. , Kelly Kilian , Frith Jessica E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Much of the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is underpinned by their secretome which varies significantly with source, donor and microenvironmental cues. Understanding these differences is essential to define the mechanisms of MSC-based tissue repair and optimise cell therapies. This study analysed the secretomes of bone-marrow (BM.MSCs), umbilical-cord (UC.MSCs), adipose-tissue (AT.MSCs) and clinical/commercial-grade induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs (iMSCs), under resting and inflammatory licenced conditions. iMSCs recapitulated the inflammatory licensing process, validating their comparability to tissue-derived MSCs. Overall, resting secretomes were defined by extracellular matrix (ECM) and pro-regenerative proteins, while licensed secretomes were enriched in chemotactic and immunomodulatory proteins. iMSC and UC.MSC secretomes contained proteins indicating proliferative potential and telomere maintenance, whereas adult tissue-derived secretomes contained fibrotic and ECM-related proteins. The data and findings from this study will inform the optimum MSC source for particular applications and underpin further development of MSC therapies.
Bio-orthogonal crosslinking and hyaluronan facilitate transparent healing after treatment of deep corneal injuries with in situ-forming hydrogels
Authors: Chen Fang , Han Uiyoung , Wungcharoen Thitima , Seo Youngyoon Amy , Le Peter , Jiang Li , Kang Nae-Won , Song Euisun , Jang Kyeongwoo , Mundy David , Fernandes-Cunha Gabriella Maria , Heilshorn Sarah , Myung David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Corneal transplantation is the primary treatment for corneal blindness, affecting millions globally. However, challenges like donor scarcity and surgical complications remain. Recently, in situ-forming corneal stroma substitutes have emerged, offering potential solutions to these limitations. These substitutes enable liquid-to-hydrogel formation in situ, eliminating sutures and reducing complications. Here we performed a direct, side-by-side comparison of a composite hyaluronan-collagen (HA-Col) hydrogel crosslinked by either photochemistry or bio-orthogonal chemistry to ascertain the impact of reaction specificity on corneal wound healing. Testing in rodent and rabbit models suggests that composite HA-Col gels crosslinked by bio-orthogonal chemistry results in more rapid and optically favorable wound healing compared to the same composition crosslinked by photochemistry as well as bio-orthogonally crosslinked collagen alone. These findings underscore biochemical parameters that may be important to the success of crosslinked, in situ-forming hydrogels as an alternative to corneal transplantation, with the potential for expanded access to treatment and improved outcomes.
Implantation of engineered adipocytes suppresses tumor progression in cancer models
Authors: Nguyen Hai P. , An Kelly , Ito Yusuke , Kharbikar Bhushan N. , Sheng Rory , Paredes Breanna , Murray Elizabeth , Pham Kimberly , Bruck Michael , Zhou Xujia , Biellak Cassandra , Ushiki Aki , Nobuhara Mai , Fong Sarah L. , Bernards Daniel A. , Lynce Filipa , Dillon Deborah A. , Magbanua Mark Jesus M. , Huppert Laura A. , Hammerlindl Heinz , Klein Jace Anton , Valdiviez Luis , Fiehn Oliver , Esserman Laura , Desai Tejal A. , Yee Sook Wah , Rosenbluth Jennifer M. , Ahituv Nadav 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Tumors exhibit an increased ability to obtain and metabolize nutrients. Here, we implant engineered adipocytes that outcompete tumors for nutrients and show that they can substantially reduce cancer progression, a technology termed adipose manipulation transplantation (AMT). Adipocytes engineered to use increased amounts of glucose and fatty acids by upregulating UCP1 were placed alongside cancer cells or xenografts, leading to significant cancer suppression. Transplanting modulated adipose organoids in pancreatic or breast cancer genetic mouse models suppressed their growth and decreased angiogenesis and hypoxia. Co-culturing patient-derived engineered adipocytes with tumor organoids from dissected human breast cancers significantly suppressed cancer progression and proliferation. In addition, cancer growth was impaired by inducing engineered adipose organoids to outcompete tumors using tetracycline or placing them in an integrated cell-scaffold delivery platform and implanting them next to the tumor. Finally, we show that upregulating UPP1 in adipose organoids can outcompete a uridine-dependent pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma for uridine and suppress its growth, demonstrating the potential customization of AMT.
Repetitive stability study of remdesivir/cyclodextrin complex on the international space station
Authors: Dormán György , Buchholcz Balázs , Puskás István , Szabó Pál , Varga Erzsébet , Szente Lajos , Keserű György M. , Darvas Ferenc 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Stability assessment of drugs in space is particularly important for future missions. In space there are multiple factors, such as the variability of the conditions (radiation, microgravity, vacuum etc.) that could affect the reliability and reproducibility of the data. Therefore, we investigated the stability of an anti-Covid drug formulation, Remdesivir (RDV) sulfobutylether-beta-cyclodextrin (SBECD) complex, in two separate flight experiments on the International Space Station (ISS). While HPLC/MS studies revealed no degradation of the cyclodextrin excipient in any of the samples investigated in both missions, RDV purity analysis of the RDV/SBECD complex after the first mission revealed different stabilities and altered degradation in space and on Earth. This latter interesting finding was not supported by the second mission, where no differences in the drug stabilities were identified. This anomaly highlighted the importance of standardization together with increased control of the variable parameters during the entire space missions and the terrestrial control experiments.
Microclimates growing and watering volumes influences the physiological traits of chili pepper cultivars in combating abiotic stress
Authors: Ahmad Farhan , Kusumiyati Kusumiyati , Arief Soleh Mochamad , Rabnawaz Khan Muhammad , Siti Sundari Ristina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chili peppers are a staple food for countries worldwide and are loaded with vitamins and antioxidants. One of the world’s largest chili consumers, Indonesia faces climate adversities and cash-crop pest infestations that affect its horticulture market. The present research explores microclimatic and watering for physiological performances in different chili cultivars, useful in suggesting the strategies of cultivation with a climate-resilient perception. The research was done in the Bale Tatanen, Padjadjaran University, using a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design to analyze chili plant physiology. According to statistical analyses, cultivars did not significantly affect absolute growth rate (AGR), but growing microclimates and watering volumes did significantly affect AGR and water use efficiency (WUE). The rain shelter and screen house had the highest WUE and AGR values. Growing microclimates and cultivars significantly affected transpiration rate, stomatal conductance to water vapor and total conductance to CO2, with the screen house exhibiting the highest values. All three factors significantly affected the photosynthetic rate, with the greenhouse showing the highest rate. The photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was likewise highest in the greenhouse. This study aimed to systematically assess these factors and it tried suggesting practices that might assist in combating the effects of abiotic stress on chili production, for its sustainability. The findings of this research would help in conceptualizing the most efficient microclimate and watering volume for chili cultivation particularly, when considering climate change challenges as well; these results could also be applied to develop guidelines which might serve helpful at resource-poor farming.
Siponimod supports remyelination in the non-supportive environment
Authors: Krüger Johann , Behrangi Newshan , Schliep David , Heinig Leo , Vankriekelsvenne Elise , Wigger Nicole , Kipp Markus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Inflammatory demyelination, a hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, leads to functional impairments and progressive axonal loss over time. Although remyelination is thought to protect axons, endogenous regenerative processes are often incomplete or fail entirely in many MS patients. While the precise reasons for remyelination failure remain unclear, repeated demyelination in previously affected white matter regions is a recognized contributing factor. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the sphingosine-1-phosphate modulator Siponimod ameliorates metabolic oligodendrocyte injury in an MS animal model. In this study, we explored the potential of Siponimod to enhance remyelination in a non-supportive environment. To this end, male mice were subjected to Cuprizone intoxication for seven weeks. From the onset of the fifth week, when oligodendrocyte progenitor cells begin to differentiate, mice were administered either a vehicle or Siponimod solution. Post-treatment, brain specimens were processed for (immune-) histochemical analyses. After four weeks of Cuprizone intoxication, staining intensities for various myelination markers, were significantly reduced. At the end of week seven, loss of myelin staining intensities was still pronounced, but anti-myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) expression was significantly higher in Siponimod- versus vehicle-treated mice. Consistent with this finding, densities of OLIG2+ oligodendrocytes significantly recovered in Siponimod-treated but not in vehicle-treated mice. This enhanced recovery was paralleled by the trend of lower densities of Ki67+ proliferating oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Our findings suggest that Siponimod has modest pro-regenerative capacities, partly explaining the amelioration of disease progression in secondary progressive MS patients.