bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Bio‐Based Epoxy Resins with Long‐Silicone Chain from Honokiol
Authors: Chen Ansheng , Nie Xiulong , Liu Baohua , Song Lina , Liu Jinming , Xie Haiyi , Ai Jiaoyan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn order to explore more sustainable epoxy resins, a series of novel bio‐based epoxy resins with long silicone‐chain are synthesized from honokiol. First, honokiol epoxy (HOEP) is synthesized from honokiol. Then, the hydrogen‐containing siloxane (HS) is copolymerized with honokiol epoxy, and the bio‐based epoxy resins with long silicone‐chain are prepared through the hydrosilylation reaction. Before curing with methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA), the structure of silicone honokiol epoxy (SIHOEP) is confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). The molecular weight of SIHOEP is analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results show that the toughness of SIHOEP‐MHHPA is enhanced after curing, the maximum elongation at break reached 45.75%, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) is up to 92.9 °C. Long silicone‐chain segment can enhance the toughness of bio‐based epoxy. By adjusting the hydrogen content of long‐chain hydrogen‐containing siloxane and the reaction ratio, the overall performance of bio‐based epoxy silicone resins can be effectively controlled, which provides a valuable guide for the design of bio‐based epoxy materials with excellent mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the curing kinetics of bio‐based silicone/epoxy hybrid resins with methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) as curing agent is studied.
The strongest Banach–Stone theorem for C0(K,ℓ22)$C_{0}(K, \ell _2^2)$ spaces
Authors: Galego Elói Medina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs usual denote by the real two‐dimensional Hilbert space. We prove that if and are locally compact Hausdorff spaces and is a linear isomorphism from onto satisfying
then and are homeomorphic.This theorem is the strongest of all the other vector‐valued Banach–Stone theorems known so far in the sense that in none of them the distortion of the isomorphism , denoted by , is as large as .Some remarks on the proof method developed here to prove our theorem suggest the conjecture that it is in fact very close to the optimal Banach–Stone theorem for spaces, or in more precise words, the exact value of the Banach–Stone constant of is between and .
Thermophysical Properties of SWCNT Nanofluid
Authors: Das Supreeti 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe current paper has the objective of exploring the thermophysical properties (TPPs) of single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) nanofluids (NFs) for heat transfer applications. The effect of dispersing the nanotubes in conventional heat transfer fluids (HTFs) has been investigated. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have exceptionally high thermal conductivities. Using the effective medium theory, density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and viscosity has been evaluated as functions of volume fractions. The base fluids considered in this work are water, ethylene glycol, engine oil, and kerosene oil as these are the commonly used HTFs for industrial applications. Theoretical predictions from this study show an increase in density, thermal conductivity, and viscosity with volume fraction while there is a decrease in specific heat with volume fraction. The effect of the aspect ratio (AR) of CNTs on the thermal conductivity of NF is also investigated. For low volume fractions of SWCNT, the thermal conductivity has been found to increase with AR. Further, this study has been extended for a real‐world application of heat transfer using SWCNT. In this paper, a numerical investigation of heat transfer in a square enclosure with differentially heated vertical walls, filled with SWCNT‐water NF under natural convection is carried out. Due to low concentrations of SWCNT in water, single phase flow is assumed. Velocity and temperature distributions are obtained as solutions to the energy and Navier–Stoke's equations. A comparison of the temperature and velocity profile has been represented by simulating the system over a range of Rayleigh numbers.
Analytical Modeling for Photocurrent and Detectivity of TiO2/ZnS Core‐Shell Quantum Dot Photodetectors
Authors: Paul Payal , Biswas Joydeep , Kabi Sanjib , Chattopadhyay Saikat 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a theoretical model has been presented to calculate the photocurrent and detectivity in a TiO2/ZnS core‐shell quantum dot (CSQD) photodetector. Analytical modeling permits to calculate the available photocurrent and corresponding detectivity from the CSQD structures. In this theoretical model, the subband energy levels of the CSQD are estimated using the 3D symmetric quantum box structures with a finite potential barrier. The finite band offset determines the number of available subband energy levels in the CSQD structures depending on the size of the core. Theoretical results show the variation of photocurrent and corresponding detectivity with different core sizes of the CSQD for a constant shell thickness. The calculations indicate that for electronic intersubband transitions detectivity is higher compared with the hole transitions.
Sonochemically Synthesized Bismuth Oxyiodide Nanocrystal for Wastewater Remediation through Visible‐Light Photocatalysis
Authors: Sarkar Ratna , Das Dimitra , Sarkar Subrata , Chattopadhyay Kalyan Kumar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that bismuth oxyhalides [BiOX (X = Cl, Br, and I)] nano‐crystals can efficiently behave as photocatalysts both under visible light and UV light. Different types of dyes, phenols, etc. can be degraded by bismuth oxyhalides materials efficiently, for the purification of wastewater. The raw materials used in the synthesis of bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) are pure Bi2O3, halide salt, and capping agent (poly‐vinyl‐pyrrolidone). A variety of characterization techniques are used to characterize the as‐synthesized samples, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS), photoluminescence (PL), Mott–Schottky, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and high resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM), etc. A potential application in environmental remediation is achieved through 95.25% degradation of organic Rhodamine B (RhB) dye within 100 min using the synthesized materials under visible light irradiation.
Computational/In‐Silico Methods: An Influential Approach for Drug Designing and Development
Authors: Khatana Kavita , Gupta Anjali , Ghosal Anujit , Zafar Fahmina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs the world is struggling with the pandemic. Various infectious diseases have become a threat to human health. Millions of deaths are caused by these microbial infections (bacterial, fungal, and viral infections). The process of designing and discovering new drugs is very expensive and it also consumes a good amount of time. As per available data, the process of discovery and designing takes 3–20 years to complete. There is a strong urge and demand to discover new methods to make the process of drug design and development more cost‐effective. Computational methods are one the novel methods for designing and developing a drug. In this respect, in‐silico parameters; ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) models have been established with various levels of complication for the transmission of huge data of derivatives/ligands/drugs. Nowadays, in‐silico tools are more cost‐effective, faster, and simpler than transitional experimental trials. Currently, the pharmaceutical industry faces a huge erosion rate of preclinical and clinical applicants due to the unavailability of pharmacokinetics properties and huge toxicity. These can be minimized via structural modifications of drugs and can help medicinal chemists/pharmacists. In this report, various methodologies and steps have been explained via molecular docking that will lead to drug development in lesser time against various stains.
Solar Light Active Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Biochar Nanocomposite for RhB Dye Degradation
Authors: Vikal Monika , Shah Shachi , Singh Narbir , Gupta Meenal , Singh Pushpa , Kumar Yogesh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this work, nanocomposite graphitic carbon nitride/biochar is successfully prepared by physical mixing method to achieve efficient charge separation and photodegradation of RhB dye under sunlight. The biochar is synthesized by heating biomass in muffle furnace in an inert atmosphere. The graphitic carbon nitride is prepared using melamine as a precursor and heating it in a muffle furnace in air atmosphere. The structural characterizations FTIR and X‐ray diffraction are done to confirm the functional groups and crystallography of prepared samples. The photodegradation of RhB dye by nanocomposite is analyzed using a UV–visible spectrophotometer under solar irradiation. It is found that the RhB dye is completely reduced by the nanocomposite in less than 6 min in the presence of sunlight. The kinetic study confirms the photodegradation of RhB dye is first order reaction and rate constant is found to be 0.31 min−1.
Effect of Surface Charge on a Microsphere on the Stability of a Nanoparticle Suspension
Authors: Iyengar Shruthi S. , Bhattacharya Sarbari 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA stable suspension of nanoparticles is generally achieved by modifying the surface properties of the nanoparticles using a surfactant. This is to create a surface charge on the nanoparticles which prevents them from forming aggregates. This phenomenon is very sensitive to changes in the local environment. Conventional optical tweezers though capable of trapping sub‐micrometer particles are not known to trap single nanoparticles. However, the stability and dynamics of a suspension of nanoparticles can be probed through the changes in the fluctuations of an optically trapped microsphere that has been added to the suspension. Adding microspheres to the nanoparticle suspension can affect the stability depending on the surface charges the microparticles themselves have. The study reports here on the variation of the dynamics of suspended nanoparticles, which have a positive surface charge, when silica microspheres, which are negatively surface charged, are added to the suspension. With the addition of silica beads, there is agglomeration of the nanoparticles. The dynamics of these agglomerated structures are then probed by measuring the Brownian fluctuations of an optically trapped silica bead. These results are in sharp contrast to those of earlier studies carried out with suspensions of identical nanoparticles but with negative surface charge.
Tunable Dielectric Spectroscopy of PVDF Thin Films Crossbred with TiO2 Nanoparticles for the Storage Devices
Authors: Ayub H Arshad , Dani Santhoshkumar , Khanam Bibi Raza , Manohara Shambonahalli Rajanna , Khadke U. V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPolyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) is a semi‐crystalline ferroelectric polymer with a wide range of interesting properties and shows potentiality in a variety of technological applications. Flexible thin films of PVDF nanocomposites (NCs) have attracted many researchers due to their tunable electronic properties. This paper reports the synthesis, characterization, and dielectric studies of PVDF‐TiO2 NC thin films. The synthesized films are self‐supporting thin and the average thickness of the thin films is 60 µm measured using a Digital thickness gauge of resolution 0.01 mm. TiO2 nanoparticles are prepared using the combustion method. Commercially available PVDF granules are used to develop PVDF‐TiO2 NC thin films using the film casting technique. The structural study of the prepared thin films is carried out using XRD that confirms the retention of the β‐phase of PVDF. The functional group and bonding nature have been studied using FTIR Spectroscopy. The thermal stability of the NC thin films is studied using TGA. The variation of dielectric constant (DC), dielectric loss (DL), AC conductivity, and dissipation factor of the medium of pristine PVDF and PVDF‐TiO2 NC thin films are studied in the frequency range of 10 Hz to 8 MHz at ambient temperature. The dielectric constant of PVDF‐TiO2 NC thin films increases up to 8 wt% and anomaly for 10 wt% of TiO2 fillers in the PVDF matrix at a lower frequency and found to decrease with increasing frequency. The dielectric loss of NC thin films is high at a lower frequency and decreases with an increase in the frequency that is in good agreement with the Maxwell–Wagner type of interfacial polarization. At lower frequencies, the dielectric constant of PVDF‐TiO2 NC increases with the increase in filler content. AC conductivity shows a sharp increase at higher frequencies whereas the dissipation factor of the polymer NCs remains unaltered with respect to frequency by maintaining the trend. This suggests that PVDF‐TiO2 NC is potential material for energy storage devices.
Glass Stability and Glass Forming Ability of Ge25−xSe75Sbx (x = 12, 15, and 18) Chalcogenide Glasses Using Thermal Parameters
Authors: Tanwar Naveen , Saraswat Vibhav K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the present communication glass stability (GS) and glass forming ability (GFA) of Ge25−xSe75Sbx (x = 12, 15, and 18) chalcogenide glasses have been calculated in terms of certain thermal parameters, i.e., reduced glass transition temperature (Trg), Hruby number (H), S‐parameter (S), and ΔT. The glassy samples have been prepared by quenching of melt technique. For structure characterization, XRD technique has been used. For thermal analysis Differential Scanning Calorimetery (DSC) has been used. DSC scans have been recorded at different heating rates, i.e., 5, 10, 15, and 20 K min−1. Stability of glassy samples has also been confirmed in terms of activation energy of glass transition calculated by Kissinger relation. All these parameters indicate that GS and GFA both decrease with increase of Sb content in Ge25−xSe75Sbx (x = 12, 15, and 18) glassy series.
Thermo‐Kinetic Study of Piperazine Immobilized Silica Surface
Authors: Sing Varun Kumar , Sur Souvik , Musharraf Mohd. , Dey Ratan Kumar , Swain Sanjay Kumar , Shekhar Suman 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the present study, the degradation process of piperazine (PP) immobilized silica gel (SiPP) is investigated under dynamic conditions. The degradation of SiPP is studied with thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The kinetics of degradation process is analyzed by Kissinger method, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa's (FWO) method, and Deconvolution method. It is found that degradation of SiPP can be described by parallel independent two‐portion process model, which includes two processing state of the system (marked by processes 1 and 2), where process 1 and 2 can be attributed to decomposition processes of organic moiety attached on silica surface. The apparent activation energy (Ea) is calculated by Flynn–Wall–Ozawa's (FWO) method and deconvolution method.
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Using Carica papaya Leaf Extract
Authors: Paulraj Padmavathi , Sreedharan Irudaya Sahaya Lancy , Gandhi Jeeva Rani Thangam , Pandey Krishna Kumar , Jawaharlal Poongodi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEnvironmental methodologies are gaining recognition in this modern world. Environmental nanotechnology plays a major role in improving modern fields of environmental engineering and science. Metal oxide nanoparticles have exceptional properties due to their small size, including quantum confinement, surface‐to‐volume ratio, plasmon excitation, high biocompatibility, and surface modifiability. The biosynthesis of nanoparticles using fungi, bacteria, and plants through various biotechnological techniques is currently a new paradigm for environmental protection. Synthesis of nanoparticles through plant extract is good because it eliminates the dangers of toxic chemicals, it is environmentally friendly, simpler, and safer as the reaction time is reduced and it can also be increased in size for higher operation. The present study is based on the development of zinc oxide nanoparticles from papaya leaf extract where zinc nitrate is used as a precursor. The biosynthesized nanoparticles are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, UV‐visible spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering analysis. The crystalline phase determination of the zinc oxide nanoparticles is analyzed by X‐ray diffraction and the formation of polycrystalline zinc oxide nanoparticles is confirmed. FT‐IR spectrum reveals the main functional groups and chemical information in zinc oxide nanostructures. Morphological analysis is performed using SEM at different magnification levels. EDAX analysis shows the purity of the composite samples. Optical characterization is performed using a UV–vis spectrophotometer. DLS analysis shows that the nanoparticles formed have a relatively well‐defined dimension.
Microswimmers in Polymeric Fluids
Authors: Kumar Nagar Prashant , Chauhan Devandar , Pandey Kamakshi , Pandey Harsh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe study of microswimmers in viscoelastic fluids is important due to their essential role in many biological systems and various industrial and medical applications. This review article summarizes the behavior of microswimmers in complex viscoelastic fluids. Interestingly, both an increase or decrease in the speed and the power efficiency of microswimmers may be observed depending on the swimming pattern and the rheology of the polymeric fluid. First, it introduces the continuum frameworks for a complex fluid in which the microswimmers are present. This study briefly discusses how the reciprocal motion can propel a swimmer in a viscoelastic fluid contrary to the scallop theorem. This is followed by a section on different types of individual swimmers and their theoretical framework. A finite‐sized swimming sheet can show the resonance effect when relaxation time matches the characteristic time of the swimming. Lastly, progress on the topic of squirmers in the complex environment is presented, and it is seen that the interaction of the squirmer with the complex fluid is unpredictable.
MnO2 Nanowires as an Electrode Material for Gel Polymer Electrolyte‐Based Zn‐Air Battery
Authors: Choudhary Deepika , Bala Ritu , Yadav Sanjay , Dhiman Rajnish 
Published: February 2024

AbstractZn‐air batteries (ZABs) have drawn an attention due to their high energy density, less complicated chemistry, and relatively low cost. Electrocatalyst plays a significant role in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) that occurs during the operation. Various valance states of manganese make MnO2 as an attractive electrocatalyst. In the present work, MnO2 nanowires with diameter of 80–90 nm are synthesized via hydrothermal route and tested for electrocatalytic performance in a comparative study of ZABs fabricated using liquid and gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). The open circuit voltage (OCV) of device lies in the range of 1.35–1.4 V. GPEs based devices show higher stability and exhibited 45 cycles (20 min per cycle) having discharge plateau above 1.06 V at a discharge current density of 1.59 mA cm−2 while liquid electrolyte‐based devices show 20 cycles (4 min per cycle at discharge current rate of 3 mA cm−2).
Thermodynamics of Swelling of Poly(NIPAM‐co‐NTBA‐co‐HEAAm) Hydrogels
Authors: Kumari Rashmi , Singh Varun Kumar , Shekhar Suman 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the present study, poly(N‐Isopropylacrylacrylamide‐co‐N‐tertiarybutylacrylamide‐co‐hydroxyethylcrylamide) (NIPAM‐co‐NTBA‐co‐HEAAm) hydrogels are prepared with variation of molar ratio of hydrophilic HEAAm and hydrophobic NTBA. The prepared hydrogels are characterized with elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thermodynamics of swelling properties of poly(NIPAM‐co‐NTBA‐co‐HEAAm) hydrogels have also been discussed. The experimental C/N ratios are comparable with the theoretical value. The enthalpy change of mixing ∆Hmix, entropy change of mixing ∆Smix, free energy change of mixing ∆Gmix are determined for swelling of hydrogels at 25 °C. The value of total free energy of hydrogel swelling is found to be negative which confirms the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) exhibited in all hydrogels and the volume change transition shows the thermoresponsive behavior. The values of ∆Smix increase and ∆Gmix decrease with increasing amount of hydrophobic NTBA content in the hydrogels. The values of free energy change of elasticity (∆Gel) are found to be increased with increasing the hydrophobic NTBA content followed by decrease in swelling percentage. Also, the transition temperature of the hydrogel is found to be decreased with increasing the hydrophobic NTBA.
Impact Assessment of Electroplating in the Leaching of Harmful Metals from Utensils
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Tripathy Divya , Jain Arvind 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectroplating is a widely used technique in the manufacturing of utensils for household and commercial use. This process involves the deposition of a metal coating onto a base material, such as steel or brass, to improve the aesthetics, durability, and corrosion resistance of the utensil. Several studies have investigated the migration of heavy metals from utensils, but there is a lack of research specifically focused on the impact of electroplating on this phenomenon. Therefore, this research article aims to assess the impact of electroplating by analyzing the migration of heavy metals from such utensils. The objective of this research is to assess the impact of electroplating on the migration of heavy metals from utensils. The research also aims to evaluate the impact of coating thickness. Stainless‐steel and brass utensils (Plate, Tumbler, and Bowl) are purchased. The samples are analyzed as per standard test methods based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) techniques. Leaching stimulant is used for extraction process. Testing is performed in an ISO/IEC 17025: 2017 accredited laboratory. The experiments reveal that the electroplating process decreased the migration of lead from the utensils. These findings highlight the need for stricter regulations and standards to ensure the safety of electroplated utensils.
Dielectric and FTIR Investigation of the Cholesteric Liquid Crystal with the Doping of the Polymer
Authors: Misra Abhishek Kumar , Tripathi Pankaj Kumar , Pandey Kamal Kumar , Singh Milan , Yadav Tarun , Manohar Rajiv 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present work investigates fluorescent polymer dispersion in the cholesteric liquid crystal (LC) as a function of temperature and concentration of polymer. The dielectric parameters of the cholesteric LC are determined by measuring capacitance and inductance with the function of the frequency and temperature. The material used for doping is a polymer‐poly[(4,4′‐hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride‐alt‐3,6‐diaminoacridine hemisulfate] and it is one concentration doped in pure cholesteryl stearate. The temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity has been discussed for the pure and polymer‐doped system. In addition to this Fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR) spectroscopy has also been performed to understand the interaction between cholesteric LC and polymer molecules.