bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction method of servo feed trajectory in block divided EDM for diffusion shaped film cooling holes
Authors: Cui Yingjie , Tong Hao , Yao Yao , Zhang Yikang , Li Yong , Yao Ruimin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Diffusion shaped film cooling holes can improve cooling performance on turbine blades of aeroengines. The diffusion structures are difficult to machine due to the complicated shape, especially for the special materials such as single crystal superalloys. In our previous work, a novel process of block divided electrical discharge machining (EDM) based on a slender rod electrode was proposed to efficiently machine the diffuser structure of diffusion shaped film cooling holes. Although the rod electrode wear can be quickly repaired in the block divided EDM process, the shape accuracy of diffuser structures still needs to improvement. In this research, the novel process is firstly analyzed to find that the error of servo feed trajectory in 3D space is a key to the shape accuracy. Furthermore, a correction method of servo-feed tool trajectory is proposed by applying a correction velocity perpendicular to a target trajectory for correcting tool position. The specific implementation algorithm of the correction method is described in detail. The repeated experiments of diffusion structures verify the feasibility of the block divided EDM with trajectory correction method. The experimental results show that the proposed method and algorithm can effectively reduce the trajectory error by ~ 20 µm and the shape error of diffusion structure by ~ 10 µm. The typical film cooling holes with diffusion structures were machined successfully on Inconel 718 and nickel-based single crystal superalloys, based on the self-developed experimental setup by integrating the high speed EDM drilling on cylindrical-hole part and the block divided EDM with the trajectory correction method on diffusion-structure part.
Stretchable hybrid electronic network-based e-skin for proximity and multifunctional tactile sensing
Authors: Wen Xiaohong , Zhao Zengcai , Chen Yuchang , Shan Xinzhi , Zhao Xuefeng , Gao Xiumin , Zhuang Songlin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Multifunctional integrated flexible electronic skin (e-skin) is the essential medium for information exchange between humans and machines. Especially, the proximity/ pressure/ strain sensing has become a technological goal for various emerging wearable electronic devices, such as biomonitoring devices, smart electronics, augmented reality, and prosthetics. Herein, a stretchable hybrid electronic network-based e-skin is presented, fabricated by embedding 3D hollow MXene spheres/Ag NWs hybrid nanocomposite into PDMS, which can effectively avoid the electrode falling off due to stress concentration. This e-skin works in noncontact mode (proximity-negative capacitance) and contact mode (pressure-positive capacitance & strain-resistance) for multiplex detection of random external force stimuli without mutual interference. The macroscopic physical structure of stretchable electrodes and the microscopic hybrid three-dimensional conductive network jointly contribute to the good sensing performance of the device. This workprovides an effective and universalstrategy for the application of wearable intelligent electronic products that demand noncontact interaction and multimodal tactile perception.
A shedding analysis after AAV8 CNS injection revealed fragmented viral DNA without evidence of functional AAV particles in mice.
Authors: Mark Melanie , Krause Felix , Schmidtke Katja , Vasconcelos Mailton , Schmidt David , Cansiz Beyza , Theisen Franziska , Rybarski Max 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are commonly used in the scientific field due to their diverse application range. However, AAV-shedding, the release of virions from the host organism, can impact the safety of AAV-based approaches. An increasing number of authorities require the characterization of vector shedding in clinical trials. Recently, shedding of transduced laboratory animals has also gained attention regarding the necessary disposal measures of their waste products. However, no explicit international regulations for AAV shedding-waste exist. Generating insights into shedding dynamics becomes increasingly relevant to help authorities develop adequate regulations. To date, knowledge of AAV vector shedding in mice is very limited. Moreover, confirmation of functional shed AAV particles in mice is missing. Therefore, we examined feces, urine, and saliva of mice after CNS injection with AAV2/8. It revealed the presence of viral DNA fragments via qPCR for up to 4 days after injection. To examine AAV functionality we performed PCR and could not detect full-length viral genomes in any collected sample. Furthermore, a functional infection assay did not reveal evidence of intact AAV particles. Our findings are supposed to contribute murine shedding data as a foundation to help establish still lacking adequate biosafety regulations in the context of AAV-shedding.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of elderly COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU during Chinese Mainland’s Omicron Wave: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: CHEN Ziying , HUANG Linna , ZHANG Qi , WANG Yuqiong , FAN Guohui , HUANG Xu , LI Min , GU Sichao , ZHANG Yi , FENG Yingying , TIAN Ye , CUI Xiaoyang , CAI Ying , ZHAI Tianshu , ZHUO Xianxia , WU Xiaojing , CAO Bin , Zhan Qingyuan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: There is limited information on elderly patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant infections. We aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of elderly patients with Omicron variant infections admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) on the Chinese Mainland and to evaluate the risk factors associated with mortality in these patients.
Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study including elderly patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to the ICU from November 1, 2022, to February 11, 2023, on the Chinese Mainland. The primary objective of the study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of elderly ICU patients with Omicron variant infections. The secondary objective was to evaluate the risk factors for mortality of these patients.
Results: We included 1605 patients aged 65 years or older diagnosed with severe or critical COVID-19 and admitted to ICUs in 59 hospitals across different areas of the Chinese Mainland. The median age was 78 years (IQR 72–84), with male patients accounting for 1164/1605 (72.5%), and 1459/1605 (90.9%) of patients having at least one comorbidity. The median APACHE II scores and SOFA scores were 16 (IQR 11–23) and 5 (IQR 3–8), respectively. Among these patients, 553 (34.5%) were recovery discharged, 557 (34.7%) died in the ICUs, and 495 (30.8%) discharged voluntarily during therapy and were later confirmed dead after discharge. Multivariable logistics analysis indicated that older age, coinfection, high levels of white blood cell count, blood urea nitrogen, D-Dimer, and lactate at admission were against for recovery discharged.
Conclusions: Elderly patients infected with the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 and admitted to the ICU had a considerable mortality rate. Better understanding of risk factors for mortality may improve clinical management and more rational allocation of limited medical resources during a COVID-19 surge.
Students’ feedback about the course, “Physical Therapy of Orthopedic Diseases” with full- time online teaching during the last stage of the pandemic
Authors: Zhang Ruike , Huang Tao , Wen Yanping , Deng Jiehong , Mai Xueqiong , Wu Liyang , Guo Zhenfeng , Ji Shuangquan , Yilifate Anniwaer , Wu Yuan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
As the pandemic entered its final stages at the end of 2022, students worldwide have developed the ability to adapt to online teaching. Teachers and students also quickly adapted to changes in teaching approaches (online, offline, or mixed) during this period. However, numerous studies continue to demonstrate the need for rigorous planning to meet the challenges in designing hands-on practical training. Therefore, the primary goal of this research was to examine student satisfaction and feedback towards online professional physical therapy course instruction in the post-pandemic period.
Methods
From October 2022 to January 2023, 61 physical therapy students from Guangzhou Medical University studied Physical Therapy of Orthopedic Diseases through a full online teaching program, which covers musculoskeletal system diseases of the cervical spine and upper limbs with an emphasis on clinical practice. A self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate student satisfaction with course content and behaviour changes before and after online teaching. The interviews were used to further explore student feedback and suggestions on the theoretical and practical aspects of online teaching.
Results
The questionnaire results showed no statistical difference between the total scores before and after online courses, but the overall trend in students’ attitude was negative. After online courses, the suitability of the curriculum settings and satisfaction with teaching strategies dropped significantly, both of which were also the most unsatisfactory aspects.Surprisingly, the majority of students believed that the teachers still maintain a passion for online teaching, and a statistical difference between the scores before the online teaching sessions was found. The interview results showed that students mostly reflected the issue of a lack of practical online operating settings and offline hands-on practice interaction feedback. Students agreed that online feedback and self-discipline are critical for academic performance.
Conclusion
According to research, when compared with traditional face-to-face teaching, online teaching has a negative impact on this course, particularly in terms of practical training for which online teaching is not ideal. This study further illustrates that not all online teaching is suitable for the development of skills training.
New fungal primers reveal the diversity of Mucoromycotinian arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their response to nitrogen application
Authors: Seeliger Mirjam , Hilton Sally , Muscatt George , Walker Chris , Bass David , Albornoz Felipe , Standish Rachel J. , Gray Neil D. , Mercy Louis , Rempelos Leonidos , Schneider Carolin , Ryan Megan H. , Bilsborrow Paul E. , Bending Gary D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are the most widespread terrestrial symbiosis and are both a key determinant of plant health and a major contributor to ecosystem processes through their role in biogeochemical cycling. Until recently, it was assumed that the fungi which form AM comprise the subphylum Glomeromycotina (G-AMF), and our understanding of the diversity and ecosystem roles of AM is based almost exclusively on this group. However recent evidence shows that fungi which form the distinctive 'fine root endophyte’ (FRE) AM morphotype are members of the subphylum Mucoromycotina (M-AMF), so that AM symbioses are actually formed by two distinct groups of fungi.
Results
We investigated the influence of nitrogen (N) addition and wheat genotype on the assembly of AM communities under field conditions. Visual assessment of roots showed co-occurrence of G-AMF and M-AMF, providing an opportunity to compare the responses of these two groups. Existing ‘AM’ 18S rRNA primers which co-amplify G-AMF and M-AMF were modified to reduce bias against Mucoromycotina, and compared against a new ‘FRE’ primer set which selectively amplifies Mucoromycotina. Using the AM-primers, no significant effect of either N-addition or wheat genotype on G-AMF or M-AMF diversity or community composition was detected. In contrast, using the FRE-primers, N-addition was shown to reduce M-AMF diversity and altered community composition. The ASV which responded to N-addition were closely related, demonstrating a clear phylogenetic signal which was identified only by the new FRE-primers. The most abundant Mucoromycotina sequences we detected belonged to the same Endogonales clades as dominant sequences associated with FRE morphology in Australia, indicating that closely related M-AMF may be globally distributed.
Conclusions
The results demonstrate the need to consider both G-AMF and M-AMF when investigating AM communities, and highlight the importance of primer choice when investigating AMF community dynamics.
A Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform Coupled with an LSTM Deep Learning Model for Improving Multilevel Groundwater Level Forecasts
Authors: Roy Dilip Kumar , Hashem Ahmed A. , Reba Michele L. , Leslie Deborah L. , Nowlin John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Developing precise groundwater level (GWL) forecast models is essential for the optimal usage of limited groundwater resources and sustainable planning and management of water resources. In this study, an improved forecasting accuracy for up to three weeks ahead of GWLs in Bangladesh was achieved by a coupled Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network-based deep learning algorithm and a Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform (MODWPT) data preprocessing. The coupled LSTM-MODWPT model performance was compared with the LSTM model. For both standalone LSTM and LSTM-MODWPT models, the Random Forest feature selection approach was employed to select the ideal inputs from the candidate GWL lags. In the LSTM-MODWPT model, input GWL time series were decomposed using MODWPT. The ‘Fejér-Korovkin’ mother wavelet with a filter length of 18 was used to obtain a collection of scaling coefficients and wavelets for every single input time series. Model performance was assessed using five performance indices: Root Mean Squared Error; Scatter Index; Maximum Absolute Error; Median Absolute Deviation; and a-20 index. The LSTM-MODWPT model outperformed standalone LSTM models for all time horizons in GWL forecasting. The percentage improvements in the forecasting accuracies were 36.28%, 32.97%, and 30.77%, respectively, for one-, two-, and three-weeks ahead forecasts at the observation well GT3330001. Accordingly, the coupled LSTM-MODWPT model could potentially be used to enhance multiscale GWL forecasts. This research demonstrates that the coupled LSTM-MODWPT model could generate more precise GWL forecasts at the Bangladesh study site, with potential applications in other geographic locations globally.
The Effect of Carbon Structure of DLC Coatings on Friction Characteristics of MoDTC-derived Tribofilm by Using an in situ reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Hashizume Naoya , Yamamoto Yusei , Chen Cheng , Tokoroyama Takayuki , Zhang Ruixi , Diao Dongfeng , Umehara Noritsugu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we prepared 6 types of DLC coatings with varying carbon structures (amorphous ta-C coating and GNC coatings that include nano graphite crystals) and different doped Ta amounts to study friction characteristics. Results from the friction test with MoDTC-added lubricant revealed that DLC coatings with a higher ID/IG ratio exhibited a lower friction coefficient. Furthermore, in situ observations using a reflectance spectroscopy showed that the tribofilm formed on the DLC coatings with a higher ID/IG ratio maintained a higher MoS2 / (MoS2 + MoO3) ratio. This ratio strongly correlated with its friction coefficient. From the measurement of a work function of each DLC coating, the DLC coatings with a higher ID/IG ratio had a higher work function, which indicated to include larger amount of the defect of graphite structure. This active defect of graphite structure was considered to enhance the friction reduction effect of MoDTC. The findings of this paper suggest a material design concept for a DLC coating that amplifies the effects of lubricant additives in reducing friction.
Prenatal and postnatal development of the New Zealand white rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) teeth: An emphasis on histological and computed tomography aspects
Authors: Haddad Seham , Abdel-Megeed Nazema , Abumnadour Mohamed 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The study reveals that New Zealand white rabbit teeth do not exhibit histomorphogenesis. The teeth development was examined in 28 rabbits from prenatal ages (E19, E23, E25, and E28), neonates (E30), and postnatal age (one and fourteen days). Rabbit teeth first appeared at 19 days of prenatal life as an ectodermal epithelial thickening on each side of the mouth opening. At E23, tooth regular construction is framed from enamel, dentine, and pulp cavity. The peg incisor appearance is visible on the lingual surface of the upper major incisor. Teeth prenatal development went through successive stages like initiation, bud, cap, late bell, maturation, and crown stages. The teeth are composed of the enamel organ and dense mesenchymal tissue. Teeth develop consistently throughout life, having expanded enamel thickness, being diphyodont teeth, having two continuous dentitions, being deciduous and perpetual, with long crown teeth and an open root.
Osteosarcoma cells relate functionally with stromal cells favoring a lung niche permissive for the establishment of metastatic tumor cells
Authors: Alvarez Matías J.P. Valenzuela , Gutierrez Luciana M. , Bayo Juan , Cantero María José , Garcia Mariana , Bolontrade Marcela F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone tumor and 20% of the patients are diagnosed with metastatic OS at first diagnosis. Undetectable metastases at the time of diagnosis are also a major complication. MSCs display abilities that enable tumor growth. We demonstrated that in vitro, MSCs migrated more towards the secretome of non-metastatic OS cells. When challenged to a secretome from lungs pre-loaded with OS cells, MSCs migrated more towards lungs colonized with metastatic OS cells. Furthermore, MSCs had a preferential migratory and homing behavior in vivo towards lungs´ colonized by metastatic OS cells. In addition, metastatic OS cells showed a higher migratory response towards the MSCs secretome. This feature partnered with increased CTSD expression and release of active MMP2 by metastatic OS cells. We assessed two complementary tumor capabilities relevant to metastatic spread, highlighting the importance of inherent cell features, but also underlining the importance of signaling integration across the niche, suggesting that an interplay of migratory responses between already established OS cells in the lungs, prometastatic OS cells in the primary tumor, and circulating MSCs. Pulmonary metastases remain as a major determinant of OS mortality, and identification of mechanisms and differentially expressed genes would help identify markers and targets for therapeutic approaches of metastatic spread.
WASH FIT implementation in Rohingya camps in Cox's Bazar Bangladesh – results after 1 year
Authors: Kabir Ahammadul , Shahnewaz Morshed Mohammad , Arif Hossain Mohammad , Assefa Wassie Bizuneh , Haque Bhuiyan Abu Toha Md Rezuanul , Hayter Arabella , Evers Egmond 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Water, sanitation, and healthcare waste management are essential services in healthcare facilities to ensure the quality of care and minimize infection risk. World Health Organization (WHO) Cox Bazar's sub-office supported the implementation of the Water and Sanitation for Health Facility Improvement Tool in 21 purposively selected HCFs in Rohingya refugee settlements. A total of 16 WASH FIT indicators from three of the seven WASH FIT domains (five on water, five on sanitation, and six on healthcare waste management) were monitored for 1 year employing a mixed method approach. After 1 year 67% of indicators in all three domains met minimum WASH FIT standards, indicating a significant (p ≤ 0.01) contribution to improved quality of care compared to 29% at the start in August 2018. By domain, 81% of water indicators (vs. 67% at the start), 76 vs. 24% for sanitation, and 48 vs. 33% for healthcare waste management met standards. Key informant interviews and focus group discussions affirm improvement in all three domains, including quality of care, staff satisfaction, and awareness of occupational risks and mitigation measures. Challenges remain, including limited budget, lack of leadership and absence of formal programs for improving water supply infrastructure, sanitation and healthcare waste management.
Spatial and temporal analysis of drought resistance of different vegetation in the Ta-pieh Mountains based on multi-source data
Authors: Li Huimin , Ning Shaowei , Zhou Yuliang , Wu Chengguo , Cui Yi , Jin Juliang , Xu Xiaoyan , Rong A. , Cheng Yang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

This study focuses on the ecological and environmental safety of Ta-pieh Mountain. Drought episodes can lead to ecological problems such as vegetation damage. Therefore, quantifying the response of vegetation to drought is essential for ecological management. The study utilized normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and precipitation datasets from 1999 to 2019 to derive seasonal NDVI and standardized precipitation index (SPI) data. Using Theil-Sen median trend analysis and Mann-Kendall significance test analysis, we initially examined the characteristics of vegetation and drought for the 21-year time series. SPI is used to investigate and assess the occurrence and severity of drought in the research region. Then, the strength and variability of cropland, woodland, and grassland drought resistance in the Ta-pieh Mountains were discussed using the ratio of coefficient of variation (RCV). Finally, the cross-spectrum was used to calculate the vegetation lag time to drought. The study found that NDVI increased across all seasons, while SPI increased in spring and autumn and decreased in summer and winter. The spring drought had the most significant impact on vegetation. Cropland showed the highest improvement in drought tolerance and woodland showed the highest drought tolerance. The lagged response periods of cropland, woodlands, and grassland to drought were 1.62 months, 8.94 months, and 2.49 months, respectively. These findings provide a scientific basis for the management and preservation of the ecology of the Ta-pieh Mountains.
Sequestration of Pb2+ from aqueous solution using bio-based-alkaline modified sorbent from waste Irvingia gabonensis seed husk
Authors: Abugu Hillary Onyeka , Alum Ogechi L. , Ihedioha Janefrances N. , Ezugwu Arinze L. , Ucheana Ifeanyi A. , Ali Ibeabuchi J. , Eze Samson I. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The unmodified and modified Irvingia gabonensis (IG) were characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental conditions revealed the optimum adsorption efficiency was achieved at pH 6 within 30 min. FTIR spectra showed an observable shift in peaks attributed to the pretreatment with NaOH that necessitated the breakdown of the organic compounds. It was established from the SEM image under different magnifications that the surface morphology of the biosorbent consists of heterogeneous layers and pore cavities which acted as potential sites for Pb2+ adsorption. However, there was a considerable increase in the BET surface area, pore size, and pore width on the modified biosorbent compared to the unmodified biosorbent though this did not translate into higher adsorption capacity. The experimental data were best fitted with the Temkim isotherm model suggesting heterogeneous uptake of Pb2+ onto the base-modified Irvingia gabonensis seed husk. The maximum adsorption capacity was 2.58 mg/g and the kinetic model is best described with the pseudo-second-order reaction suggesting a chemical adsorption mechanism. The two error functions (HYBRID and MPSD) suggested the pseudo-second-order reaction mechanism in the adsorption of Pb2+ onto the base-modified Irvingia gabonensis.