bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of seasonal variation of heavy metal pollution and health risk in surface sediments at the Karnaphuli River confluences of Chattogram, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Ariful , Karim Md. Rezaul , Abedin Md. Jainal , Uddin Md. Ripaj , Hos Syed Md. Minhaz , Karmakar Shuvo , Bhuiyan Md Nurul Huda , Moniruzzaman Mohammad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The sessional variation of heavy metals pollution and potential health risks in sediments to local people were studied using a flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). Ten (10) different khals that serve as the natural drainage of Chittagong City were chosen for collecting the surface sediments samples from the confluence of the Karnaphuli River. The mean concentration of Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Mn, As and Zn in sediments samples were 38.83, 46.92, 2.18, 42.98, 43.39, 63.04, 1.34 and 91.93 mg kg− 1 respectively for the wet session, while the respective values in dry season were found 51.12, 59.23, 2.52, 61.04, 49.66, 58.54, 2.21 and 104.44 mg kg− 1. The enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), modified contamination degree (mCd), degree of contamination (Cd), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological index (PERI) and nemerow pollution index (PN) were calculated to estimate the pollution level of the study areas. Potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks through dermal contact were also calculated using respective mean values of heavy metals. Statistical analyses were applied in order to findout the establish the association and source of heavy metals between pollutants in river sediments. The results showed that concentration of heavy metals was higher in the dry season than in the wet season at most of the locations. The obtained comprehensive data for toxic heavy metals in the surface sediment of the Karnafuly River along the Chittagong City Corporation may help the policy maker to take effective legislation for monitoring and protecting the ecological risks of the Karnafuli River.
Exploring chalcone-sulfonyl piperazine hybrids as anti-diabetes candidates: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking study
Authors: Nasab Narges Hosseini , Raza Hussain , Eom Young Seok , Shah Fahad Hassan , Kim Song Ja 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
To combat the rising rates of diabetes mellitus over the world, novel compounds are required. The demand for more affordable and efficient methods of managing diabetes is increasing due to the unavoidable side effects associated with the existing antidiabetic medications. In order to develop inhibitors against alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase, various chalcone-sulfonyl piperazine hybrid compounds (5a–k) were designed and synthesized in this present research. In addition, several spectroscopic methods, including FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS, were used to confirm the exact structures of the synthesized derivatives. All synthetic compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase in vitro using acarbose as the reference standard and they showed excellent to good inhibitory potentials. Compound 5k exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.31 ± 0.01 µM) and alpha-amylase (IC50 = 4.51 ± 1.15 µM), which is 27-fold more active against alpha-glucosidase and 7-fold more active against alpha-amylase compared to acarbose, which had IC50 values of 8.62 ± 1.66 µM for alpha-glucosidase and 30.97 ± 2.91 µM for alpha-amylase. It was discovered from the Lineweaver-Burk plot that 5k exhibited competitive inhibition against alpha-glucosidase. Furthermore, cytotoxicity screening assay results against human fibroblast HT1080 cells showed that all compounds had a good level of safety profile. To explore the binding interactions of the most active compound (5k) with the active site of enzymes, molecular docking research was also conducted, and the results obtained supported the experimental data.
Was the 2022 drought in the Yangtze River Basin, China more severe than other typical drought events by considering the natural characteristics and the actual impacts?
Authors: Yang Siquan , Sun Hongquan , Zhao Ruxin , Xing Lisong , Tan Zhuoyan , Ning Yuan , Li Ming 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The Yangtze River Basin (YRB), China, experienced record-breaking multiple season droughts in 2022, but also other severe drought events in recent history. This study examined the spatiotemporal characteristics of the 2022 drought in the YRB and compared this event with other extreme drought events in 1951 to 2022 from multiple perspectives, including spatial distribution, temporal evolution, return period, and drought losses. Six other extreme drought events were selected by the severity of water deficiency. The results showed that a “whole-basin” drought, which covered nearly the entire region, was evident in the summer and autumn of 2022 compared with other drought years. The return period was more than 1000 years (considering both temperature and precipitation), also severer than the six other drought years. Although the 2022 drought was much more extreme than other drought years from a natural perspective, the actual crop impacted area ratio was less than those in other drought years. This indicates the importance of drought relief measures. As for the drought attribution in the YRB, the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) played a key role in explaining its occurrence, significant at different lag times. These results may help policymakers to comprehensively understand the typical extreme droughts in the YRB and rationally allocate funds for drought relief.
Explaining the information needs related to couples' childbearing in the context of interaction with modern media: a qualitative content analysis study
Authors: Ghorbani Faeze , Khadivzadeh Talat , Karimi Fatema Zahra , deldar kolsoum 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction:Family is the most basic social institution and childbearing is considered as the basic pillar of its unit. The important role of the media in filling the information gap regarding childbearing is very important in improving the health of the family. Therefore, this study was conducted with aim to explain the informational needs of couples' childbearing in the context of interaction with new media.
Methods:This research was conducted with a qualitative method and a conventional content analysis approach from July to December 2022. Interviews were conducted with 13 couples in different cities of the country (Tehran, Ahvaz, Mazandaran, Tabriz, Kerman) due to the diversity of childbearing culture and with experts in the field of childbearing and policy making. Data were analyzed by MAXQDA 20 software.
Results:Three main categories extracted from qualitative data included the educational content of fertility and infertility (marriage, pregnancy and childbirth, abortion and children), need to meet the multifaceted needs of parents (counseling, welfare information, multifaceted support, life skills, parents' worries and solutions), and forming a social network of empowered mothers (sharing experiences, sharing daily routines, empowering mothers by presenting the model of empowered mothers).
Conclusion:Couples and experts recognized the informational needs of childbearing, the existence of scientific information about childbearing, the need to pay attention to parents and support them in various fields, and sharing experiences with other mothers in the context of new media (Internet). Accordingly, it is necessary to design and produce content in new media to promote childbearing.
Perception of students about Continuous Assessment Methods and its relation to Students’ Achievement and Motivation
Authors: Abdi Hussein 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background Assessment is one of the most important aspects of university education since it has such a big influence on students' learning processes and results. Continuous assessment (CA) is a technique for improving the quality of students' learning throughout time. It offers a lot of benefits and a few drawbacks. The purpose of this research is to examine students' perceptions of CA and correlate it with their academic results and intrinsic motivation. Methods The study employed a mixed study design, using both qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data has been collected using an online-based questionnaire using the Google form platform and the students' grades, while qualitative data was collected through focus group discussions. Factor analysis using varimax rotation was used to analyse the perception of students about CA and presented using descriptive statistics alongside correlation tests to correlate students’ perception with achievement and intrinsic motivation while the qualitative data was thematically analyzed. Results The factor analysis of the students' perception of CA revealed three factors: the usefulness of CA, beneficial effects of CA, and adverse effects of CA. CA's perceived usefulness was high (Mean: 4; SD:.53) on a 5-point Likert scale, and almost all students saw CA as a motivator to study on a regular basis. The perceived beneficial effects were very high (Mean: 4.33; SD:.59), whereas the perceived adverse unwanted effects were very low (Mean: 1.67; SD:.55). The students’ achievement (grade) was positively correlated with the usefulness and beneficial effects of CA, while it was negatively correlated with the adverse effects of CA, which was statistically significant. Qualitative data also revealed three major themes, namely "advantages of CA", "disadvantages of CA", and "intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation". The study also found that CA has improved extrinsic motivation rather than intrinsic motivation. Conclusion Even though the present study found that CA is useful for students' regular study and improved students' achievement both in CA and the final grades, on the other hand, the study also revealed that CA had increased students' extrinsic motivation rather than the intrinsic one. Therefore, for better application and use of CA, the structure of the course and student characteristics should be taken into account. Discussing with students about the goal and advantages of continuous assessment may be the key to mitigating the potential adverse effects of continuous graded assessments while also raising students' engagement in non-graded regular assessment
Resonant ultrasonic testing can quantitatively assess the microscopic porosity of complex-shaped additively manufactured AlSi10Mg components.
Authors: Skiadopoulos Michail , Prato Dominic J. , Bozek Evan P. , Dickman Corey J. , Reutzel Edward W. , Corbin David J. , Shokouhi Parisa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The utility of resonant ultrasonic testing for quality control of complex-shaped additively manufactured (AM) components in terms of porosity variations is investigated. A fully non-contact test setup is used to investigate differences in the volumetric porosity between AM AlSi10Mg samples. A set of 96 samples with programmatically induced pores varying in nominal total porosity between 0% and 2% is tested: one half of the samples are prismatic, and the other half have a complex internal Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) structure. In addition, a subset of the samples is scanned using X-ray micro-computed tomography (µ-CT). It is found that the resonance frequency corresponding to the 1st compressional mode can predict the total nominal porosity even in TPMS samples. From statistical analysis, the smallest detectable porosity difference is found to be 0.25% for the prismatic samples and 0.5% for the TPMS samples. The experimental results agree well with the predictions of finite element (FE) simulations and analytical models. However, X-ray µ-CT appears to underestimate the porosity, possibly due to its inability to resolve the small pores. Our findings suggest that resonant ultrasonic testing can quantitatively assess the total porosity of AM parts having complex geometries.
Bayesian versus Frequentist approaches in Psychometrics: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Zagaria Andrea , Lombardi Luigi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The increasing popularity of the Bayesian approach in Psychology has prompted metascientific efforts to quantify its prevalence. However, despite enduring debates between proponents of Frequentist and Bayesian approaches, no systematic comparison of their prominence has been conducted in existing literature. This brief report fills this gap, examining Bayesian and Frequentist Trends in the period from 1964 to 2021 through a meticulous search in PsycINFO. The findings reveal that within Psychometrics and Statistical Psychology, the Frequentist approach has consistently been more popular than the Bayesian approach. However, a plateau or decline in frequentist contributions has emerged in recent years (around 2010), with Bayesian contributions surpassing them after 2014 in some portions and after 2019 in all investigated sources. Although this observation applies primarily to specialized literature rather than the entire psychology domain, it underscores the growing prevalence of the Bayesian approach, signaling a shift among specialists in the field.
İSG PROFESYONELLERİNİN (İŞYERİ HEKİMİ, İG UZMANI, DİĞER SAĞLIK PERSONELİ) DEPRESYON DÜZEYLERİ VE İŞ TATMİN DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ATALI Gamze , AĞAR Ali , TUĞRUL İsmail , ACAR Muhammed Nurullah 
Published: December 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı İSG profesyonellerinin yani işyeri hekimi, iş güvenliği uzmanı ve diğer sağlık personelinin depresyon düzeyleri ve çalışma tatmin düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir.
Materyal-metod: Çalışmanın örneklemini ülkemizde görev yapan 661 İSG profesyoneli oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri çevrimiçi anket formu ile (Google Form) kullanılmıştır. Anket formu, sosyo demografik özellikler, Beck Depresyon Envanteri ve Minnesota İş doyum ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analiz edilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistiksel yöntemlere (yüzde, frekans, ortalama ya da standart sapma vb.) başvurulmuştur. Ölçek gruplarını ve değişkenleri karşılaştırmak için Mann Whitney U Testi ile Kruskal Wallis Testi kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasında bulunan ilişkiyi saptamak adına spearman korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 34,8±8 yıl olduğu, %52.8’i erkek, %46.6’sı lisansüstü mezunu, %50.5’i C sınıfı iş güvenliği uzmanı ve %47.5’i çok tehlikeli işyerinde çalıştıkları tespit edilmiştir. Çalışanların iş yeri tehlike sınıfı ile depresyon düzeyi ve iş doyumu arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı düzeyde bir farkın bulunduğu (p˂0.05) ve depresyon düzeyi ile iş doyumu arasında istatistiksel açıdan ters yönlü, zayıf seviyede ve anlamlı bağıntının bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir (p ˂0.05).
Sonuç: İSG profesyonellerinin işyeri tehlike sınıfı düzeyi arttıkça depresyon düzeylerinin arttığı ve iş doyum düzeylerinin ise azaldığı, buna göre depresyon düzeyleri ile iş tatmin düzeyleri arasında ters yönlü bir ilişki olduğu söylenebilir.
Identification and quantification of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques in Johannesburg East, South Africa
Authors: Mphaga Tendani , Mhlongo T. N. , Zikalala Sithembele , Topkin James 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The occurrence of microplastics in water, their chemistry, physical characteristics, and the efficiency of public wastewater treatment work (WWTW) processes in the removal of microplastics are investigated. Samples were collected from the period 2021 December to 2022 September from two WWTWs in Johannesburg East using 24-h autosamplers. The microplastics were imaged using polarised optical microscopy (POM) and the images were processed using image J 1.53 K to determine the particle counts. The total concentration of microplastics at WWTW A was 3,098 MP/L while WWTW B had 3,561 MP/L. The microplastics identified across the seasons were dominated by angular, fibres, fragments, and films. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified the polymers such as polyethylene, acrylic, polyethylene terephthalate, and polystyrene in WWTW A and B influent while identifying the polymers such as polystyrene, polyacrylamide, polypropylene, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate), carboxyl, poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyethylene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and cellulose in the final effluent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) identified Cr, Ca, Fe, Al, Na, Mg, Zn, Cl, P, S, and silicon as additives to microplastics with high-intensity peaks of oxygen and carbon. It is recommended to monitor and regulate microplastics in discharged effluents from WWTWs to minimise environmental pollution.
Guidelines for ensuring the reliability of cameral evaluation of the authenticity of as-built survey maps
Authors: Orlova E. A. , Fomin N. I. 
Published: December 2023

Aim. The paper aims to demonstrate a unique method of evaluating the authenticity of as-built survey maps using Microsoft Excel and verification results. The authenticity of the horizontal and vertical deviations of building structures documented in geodetic designs is evaluated by comparing the diagram of control point value distribution with a normal probability plot (Gaussian distribution). The verification of the developed method presented in the paper is based on a quantile plot, as well as calculations using three different methods involving the analysis of the parameters and statistical characteristics of the sought sample.Methods. The paper used the cameral method of evaluating as-built survey maps, as well as methods of mathematical statistics for verifying the research findings.Results. The hypothesis of normal distribution of the sample of control point deviations of the examined building structures was verified and confirmed using the following methods: quantile plotting; verification of the three sigma rule; analysis of the index of skewness and kurtosis; verification of the hypothesis of normal distribution per Pearson’s chi-squared test. That allows ensuring the reliability and verifiability of the results as regards the registration control of as-built drawings. The paper also substantiates the practical applicability of the method of evaluating the authenticity of asbuilt survey maps developed by the authors.
ChatGPT Versus Consultants: Blinded Evaluation on Answering Otorhinolaryngology Case–Based Questions
Authors: Buhr Christoph Raphael , Smith Harry , Huppertz Tilman , Bahr-Hamm Katharina , Matthias Christoph , Blaikie Andrew , Kelsey Tom , Kuhn Sebastian , Eckrich Jonas 
Published: December 2023

Background
Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT (Open AI), are increasingly used in medicine and supplement standard search engines as information sources. This leads to more “consultations” of LLMs about personal medical symptoms.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate ChatGPT’s performance in answering clinical case–based questions in otorhinolaryngology (ORL) in comparison to ORL consultants’ answers.

Methods
We used 41 case-based questions from established ORL study books and past German state examinations for doctors. The questions were answered by both ORL consultants and ChatGPT 3. ORL consultants rated all responses, except their own, on medical adequacy, conciseness, coherence, and comprehensibility using a 6-point Likert scale. They also identified (in a blinded setting) if the answer was created by an ORL consultant or ChatGPT. Additionally, the character count was compared. Due to the rapidly evolving pace of technology, a comparison between responses generated by ChatGPT 3 and ChatGPT 4 was included to give an insight into the evolving potential of LLMs.

Results
Ratings in all categories were significantly higher for ORL consultants (P<.001). Although inferior to the scores of the ORL consultants, ChatGPT’s scores were relatively higher in semantic categories (conciseness, coherence, and comprehensibility) compared to medical adequacy. ORL consultants identified ChatGPT as the source correctly in 98.4% (121/123) of cases. ChatGPT’s answers had a significantly higher character count compared to ORL consultants (P<.001). Comparison between responses generated by ChatGPT 3 and ChatGPT 4 showed a slight improvement in medical accuracy as well as a better coherence of the answers provided. Contrarily, neither the conciseness (P=.06) nor the comprehensibility (P=.08) improved significantly despite the significant increase in the mean amount of characters by 52.5% (n= (1470-964)/964; P<.001).

Conclusions
While ChatGPT provided longer answers to medical problems, medical adequacy and conciseness were significantly lower compared to ORL consultants’ answers. LLMs have potential as augmentative tools for medical care, but their “consultation” for medical problems carries a high risk of misinformation as their high semantic quality may mask contextual deficits.
Perbandingan Fase Ekspresi Menggunakan Local Binary Pattern Histogram Untuk Pengenalan Ekspresi Mikro
Authors: Ulla Delfana Rosiani  , Priska Choirina  , Pratiwi Yessy Nindi Pratiwi , Septiar Enggar Sukmana  
Published: December 2023

Ekspresi mikro merupakan representasi emosional yang terjadi secara spontan dan tidak dapat dikendalikan secara sadar serta bersifat sementara (durasi pendek) dengan gerakan halus (intensitas gerakan kecil), sehingga sulit dideteksi dengan mata manusia biasa. Gerakan otot ekspresi mikro dihasilkan hanya pada beberapa area kecil wajah, sehingga pengamatan pada area tertentu menghasilkan waktu komputasi yang lebih cepat dan memberikan informasi penting dibandingkan dengan pengamatan pada seluruh wajah. Penelitian ini mengusulkan pengurangan area dan fase pengamatan untuk pengenalan ekspresi mikro. Area yang diamati yaitu alis kiri, alis kanan, mata kanan, mata kiri, dan mulut pada dataset CASME II. Fase pengamatan ekspresi mikro dilakukan dengan menganalisis perbandingan pada fase onset hingga offset (“fullOAO”) dan hanya pada fase onset, apex, dan offset (“OAO”). Ekstraksi fitur dilakukan menggunakan metode sederhana dari local binary patterns histogram (LBPH), yang dapat merepresentasikan fitur lokal pada area wajah. Hasil terbaik dari metode yang diusulkan adalah fase “fullOAO” dengan akurasi 96,8% (menggunakan support vector machine-radial basis function, SVM-RBF) serta rata-rata waktu komputasi sebesar 0,192 ms per frame dan 10,473 ms per video. Pada jenis fase “OAO”, dihasilkan akurasi sebesar 87,7% dengan waktu komputasi 0,159 ms per frame dan 0,576 ms per video. Perbedaan akurasi dan waktu komputasi kedua jenis fase tersebut terjadi karena jumlah frame pada jenis “fullOAO” lebih besar daripada “OAO”, sehingga menghasilkan waktu pemrosesan dan data ekstraksi fitur dalam jumlah yang berbeda. Namun, penurunan akurasi sebesar 9% tidak berpengaruh terlalu besar karena tingkat akurasinya masih tergolong baik, yaitu di atas 80%. Selain itu, pengukuran yang tepat untuk waktu komputasi adalah waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk memproses setiap frame pada video masukan. Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan metode yang diusulkan, dapat dihasilkan waktu komputasi cepat dan pengenalan yang tergolong akurat.