bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Interplay: Assessment of Relationship Between Mental Health and Health-Risk Behaviour in Medical Undergraduate Students -A cross sectional questionnaire study
Authors: Elumalai Agila , C Cynthia Leslie , Janakiraman Geerthana , Muthukali Shanmugam , V Anitha , Balachandran Ashwath 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: Medical undergraduate education is a rigorous and demanding journey that often places considerable stress on students, both academically and personally. The multifaceted challenges, can significantly impact the mental health of medical students. Simultaneously, the coping mechanisms adopted by these students in response to the challenges they face may manifest as health-risk behaviours. Emerging research emphasize the prevalence of mental health issues, such as stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, within this population, highlighting the need for a comprehensive exploration of the factors influencing the well-being of medical undergraduates.
Aim: The aim of this study is to systematically assess and delineate the intricate relationship between mental health and health-risk behaviour among medical undergraduate students.
Materials & Methods: A self-administered questionnaire, derived from standard reference guidelines, was distributed to 200 medical undergraduate students, collecting data on demographics, mental health outcomes, and health-risk behaviours. The analysis involved a Chi-square test to examine associations between variables.
Results: The findings revealed gender-related differences in screen time habits, physical activity levels, and cardiac exercise engagement. Notably, males exhibited higher rates of reported irritability due to academic issues. The study also identified low prevalence of high-risk behaviours, such as tobacco product usage and excessive alcohol consumption. However, a small percentage of males reported smoking, indicating potential areas for targeted interventions.
Conclusion: This study contributes to the understanding of mental health and health-risk behaviour dynamics among medical undergraduate students. The observed associations underscore the importance of tailored interventions addressing gender-specific stressors and promoting healthy lifestyles. The findings provide a foundation for future research and targeted well-being initiatives within medical education.
Genetic analysis of downy mildew resistance in Indian slicing cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Bommesh J. C. , C Manjunath Gowda D , Pitchaimuthu Mottaiyan , Ravishankar Kundapura V , H.M Devaraju , Sri S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The genetics and gene action conferring downy mildew resistance was revealed among the populations derived from Indian slicing cucumbers, from the parental source comprised of resistant parent IIHR-438 and moderately resistant parent IIHR-433 and two susceptible parents Swarna Agethi and IIHR-431. The two cross Swarna Agethi × IIHR-438 and IIHR-431 × IIHR-433 combination was made and develop six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) and parents, filial, backcross populations was deployed for genetics. The Mendelian segregation in F2 and back cross suggested that resistance is governed by two pair of recessive genes i.e. inhibitory recessive epistasis (3 resistant: 13 susceptible) in both the cross. IIHR-438 possess higher degree of resistance and epistatic interaction (additive × dominance) was greater importance than main effect. These genetic finding on downy mildew resistance infers to advance the reciprocal recurrent selection breeding method followed by pedigree selection for breeding of downy mildew resistance cucumbers effectively.
Integrating uterine microbiome and metabolome to advance the understanding of the uterine environment in dairy cows with metritis
Authors: Casaro S. , Prim J. G. , Gonzalez T. D. , Cunha F. , Bisinotto R. S. , Chebel R. C. , Santos J. E. P. , Nelson C. D. , Jeon S. J. , Bicalho R. C. , Driver J. P. , Galvão Klibs N. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Metritis is a prevalent uterine disease that affects the welfare, fertility, and survival of dairy cows. The uterine microbiome from cows that develop metritis and those that remain healthy do not differ from calving until 2 days postpartum, after which there is a dysbiosis of the uterine microbiome characterized by a shift towards opportunistic pathogens such as Fusobacteriota and Bacteroidota. Whether these opportunistic pathogens proliferate and overtake the uterine commensals could be determined by the type of substrates present in the uterus. The objective of this study was to integrate uterine microbiome and metabolome data to advance the understanding of the uterine environment in dairy cows that develop metritis. Holstein cows (n = 104) had uterine fluid collected at calving and at the day of metritis diagnosis. Cows with metritis (n = 52) were paired with cows without metritis (n = 52) based on days after calving. First, the uterine microbiome and metabolome were evaluated individually, and then integrated using network analyses.
Results
The uterine microbiome did not differ at calving but differed on the day of metritis diagnosis between cows with and without metritis. The uterine metabolome differed both at calving and on the day of metritis diagnosis between cows that did and did not develop metritis. Omics integration was performed between 6 significant bacteria genera and 153 significant metabolites on the day of metritis diagnosis. Integration was not performed at calving because there were no significant differences in the uterine microbiome. A total of 3 bacteria genera (i.e. Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, and Bacteroides) were strongly correlated with 49 metabolites on the day of metritis diagnosis. Seven of the significant metabolites at calving were among the 49 metabolites strongly correlated with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria on the day of metritis diagnosis. The main metabolites have been associated with attenuation of biofilm formation by commensal bacteria, opportunistic pathogenic bacteria overgrowth, tissue damage and inflammation, immune evasion, and immune dysregulation.
Conclusions
The data integration presented herein helps advance the understanding of the uterine environment in dairy cows with metritis. The identified metabolites may provide a competitive advantage to the main uterine pathogens Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas and Bacteroides, and may be promising targets for future interventions aiming to reduce opportunistic pathogenic bacteria growth in the uterus.
Coherence of lift and drag forces around a cylinder in uniform flow
Authors: Scott L. Ridgway 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We explore methods for evaluating the coherence of lift and drag forces
for chaotic flow around a cylinder.
We utilize a method based on assessing the proclivity for resonance in
the oscillations of the cylinder.
We compare the resonance approach with Fourier analysis of the lift
force.
Score Test for Marks in Hawkes Processes
Authors: Richards Kylie-Anne , Dunsmuir William T.M. , Peters Gareth W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

A score statistic for detecting the impact of marks in a linear Hawkes self-exciting point process is proposed, with its asymptotic properties, finite sample performance, power properties using simulation , and application to real data presented. A major advantage of the proposed inference procedure is that the Hawkes process can be fitted under the null hypothesis that marks do not impact the intensity process. Hence, for a given record of a point process, the intensity process is estimated once only and then assessed against any number of potential marks without refitting the joint likelihood each time. Marks can be multivariate and serially dependent. The score function for any given set of marks is easily constructed as the covariance of functions of future intensities fit the unmarked process with functions of the marks under assessment. The asymptotic distribution of the score statistic is a chi-squared distribution, with degrees of freedom equal to the number of parameters required to specify the boost function. Model-based or nonparametric estimation of required features of the mark’s marginal moments and serial dependence can be used. Using sample moments of the marks in the test statistic construction does not impact the size and power properties.
Evaluation of the influence of hypolipidemic medication on bone tissue by NMR diffusiometry
Authors: Orban Emese , Sipos Remus Sebastian , Fechete Radu , Pap Zsuzsanna 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction: The ongoing concern of the medical profession regarding chronic medication is related to increasing patient adherence and compliance to treatment and reducing medication side effects. In this respect, drugs represented by fixed-dose combinations of active substances within the same tablet have emerged. Such a principle can be extrapolated by following the potential beneficial effects that a chronic medication can have on chronic pathologies affecting different systems.
Material and method: The study included 48 female Albino Wistar rats, aged 16-18 months, which were divided into two groups. One group of 12 non-ovariectomized rats received no treatment, becoming a control group (NOVX-M). The ovariectomized (OVX) group was divided into 3 groups of 12 rats: no treatment, control (OVX-M), fenofibrate-treated (OVX-F) and statin-treated (OVX-S) rats. To reveal the changes, at intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks the proximal part of the femur was evaluated by NMR diffusiometry.
Results: The effects of hypolipidemic medication in the absence of estrogen were evidenced, proving the beneficial effect that fenofibrate can have in preserving healthy tissue exposed to osteoporotic risk during the menopausal period. The effects of lipid-lowering medication are also influenced by the duration of administration.
Conclusions: Osteoporosis and heart disease are two chronic pathologies that affect mainly female population in the second half of life, and proving the dual therapeutic potential of lipid-lowering medication may also have positive effects by increasing adherence and compliance to treatment.
A new version of trial equation method for a complex nonlinear system arising in optical fibres
Authors: Kirci Ozlem , Pandir Yusuf , Latifa Agamalieva , Bulut Hasan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

In this study a new version of the trial equation method (NVTEM) is employed to present the new exact wave solutions of the Fokas system which describes the propagation of nonlinear pulse in monomode optical fibers. Primarily this system is converted to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (NODE) via the traveling wave transform to apply the proposed method. Various different exact wave solutions to the Fokas system are obtained such as rational function, exponential function, hyperbolic function and Jacobi elliptic function solutions. The exhibition of the solutions are given by 3D plots together with the corresponding 2D plots. The outcomes have shown that the proposed technique is abundant to achieve different wave solutions of many nonlinear differential equations in the field of optics.
Mathematical Modeling of Alopecia Areata: Unraveling Hair Cycle Dynamics, Disease Progression, and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Alzubadi Hanadi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper describes the model development process in detail, including the formulation of equations and parameters based on existing knowledge of hair cycle dynamics and immune system interactions. Various analyses are conducted to gain insights into the behaviour of the model. Illustrative simulations are performed to observe the temporal dynamics of the disease progression under different conditions. Sensitivity analysis using eFAST (Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test) is employed to identify the most influential parameters affecting the length of the anagen phase in hair follicles affected by alopecia areata. The findings of the study shed light on the complex dynamics of alopecia areata and contribute to a deeper understanding of the disease mechanisms. The model provides a valuable tool for studying autoimmune hair loss diseases and may have implications for the diagnosis and treatment of such conditions. By simulating the immune response and its effects on hair follicles, the model offers insights into potential treatment strategies that can target immune dysregulation. The temporal mathematical model presented in this dissertation provides a comprehensive framework for investigating alopecia areata and understanding its underlying dynamics. The integration of hair cycle dynamics and immune system interactions enhances our knowledge of the disease and opens avenues for future advancements in diagnosis and treatment approaches.
Unsupervised Segmentation of Industrial X-ray Computed Tomography Data with the Segment Anything Model
Authors: Weinberger Patrick , Schwarz Lea , Fröhler Bernhard , Gall Alexander , Heim Anja , Yosifov Miroslav , Bodenhofer Ulrich , Kastner Johann , Senck Sascha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Industrial X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is a crucial non-destructive testing method for quality control in various branches of industry. Accurate segmentation of XCT data aids in defect identification and material characterization. In this paper we present our results of applying the Segment Anything Model (SAM) in this context. SAM, an unsupervised approach that automates segmentation without manual annotations, combines deep convolutional neural networks and generative adversarial networks. We used SAM on diverse industrial XCT data, and our evaluation demonstrates SAM’s competitive segmentation accuracy and efficiency. SAM’s unsupervised nature and adaptability offer cost-effective and reliable quality assurance solutions in industrial settings, enhancing product quality and inspection processes.
Low-dose radiotherapy encourages the generation of IFN and improves the tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Wang Yang , Liang Xue , Ming Wei , Tan Yanhu , Liang Yan , Xing Huimin , Teng Yue , Bao Jinlei , Li Baosheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background Radiation-induced apoptosis in tumor cells triggers signals such as phosphatidylserine and calreticulin to attract and activate dendritic cells, leading to T and NKT cell-based immune responses and macrophage phagocytosis. Objectives This study explored the potential of low-measure radiation to stimulate interferon (IFN) production, thereby enhancing immunogenic cell death in tumor cells. Methods Using a murine Lewis lung carcinoma model, mice underwent LDR (0.1 Gy every other day for five cycles), CTLA-4 treatment, or their combination. Flow cytometry, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and RNA sequencing assessed immune cell infiltration, cytokine levels, and tumor growth dynamics. The role of IRF7 and IFN in LDR-mediated immune modulation was explored genetically and at the protein level. Results LDR enhanced IFN-α production, upregulated chemokines, and increased CD8 T cell infiltration in tumors. IRF7 emerged as a key mediator, with LDR promoting its expression, nuclear translocation, and heightened IFN production. Combining LDR with CTLA-4 synergistically suppressed tumor growth, increased CD8 T cell infiltration, and elevated IFN-γ levels. Conclusion LDR, through IRF7-mediated IFN induction, reshapes the tumor microenvironment, fostering anti-tumor immune responses. The synergy of LDR and CTLA-4 presents a potential strategy to address current cancer therapy challenges. This study contributes insights into LDR's immunomodulatory role, suggesting broader applications beyond cancer treatment.
Low-dose radiotherapy encourages the generation of IFN and improves the tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Dong Jigang , Li Baosheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background Radiation-induced apoptosis in tumor cells triggers signals such as phosphatidylserine and calreticulin to attract and activate dendritic cells, leading to T and NKT cell-based immune responses and macrophage phagocytosis. Objectives This study explored the potential of low-measure radiation to stimulate interferon (IFN) production, thereby enhancing immunogenic cell death in tumor cells. Methods Using a murine Lewis lung carcinoma model, mice underwent LDR (0.1 Gy every other day for five cycles), CTLA-4 treatment, or their combination. Flow cytometry, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and RNA sequencing assessed immune cell infiltration, cytokine levels, and tumor growth dynamics. The role of IRF7 and IFN in LDR-mediated immune modulation was explored genetically and at the protein level. Results LDR enhanced IFN-α production, upregulated chemokines, and increased CD8 T cell infiltration in tumors. IRF7 emerged as a key mediator, with LDR promoting its expression, nuclear translocation, and heightened IFN production. Combining LDR with CTLA-4 synergistically suppressed tumor growth, increased CD8 T cell infiltration, and elevated IFN-γ levels. Conclusion LDR, through IRF7-mediated IFN induction, reshapes the tumor microenvironment, fostering anti-tumor immune responses. The synergy of LDR and CTLA-4 presents a potential strategy to address current cancer therapy challenges. This study contributes insights into LDR's immunomodulatory role, suggesting broader applications beyond cancer treatment.
Assessing Medical Accuracy of AI-Generated GERD Educational Social Media Posts.
Authors: Patel Akash 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a prevalent condition requiring effective patient education for management. With the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI), tools like predis.ai are emerging as novel mediums for disseminating health information. This study evaluates the medical accuracy and guideline adherence of AI-generated social media content for GERD patient education compared to the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) online material.
Methods
Social media posts were generated using predis.ai with inputs related to GERD patient education. The resulting content was critically analysed for its medical accuracy and alignment with the AGA's online patient education material. Key areas of evaluation included dietary advice, lifestyle changes, and general health tips for managing GERD.
Results
The AI-generated posts aligned with AGA material in advocating smaller, frequent meals, avoidance of trigger foods, and postural recommendations. However, they lacked comprehensive dietary guidelines, such as the Mediterranean diet, and omitted advice on sugar and fat intake, alcohol consumption, and the benefits of physical activity.
Conclusion
AI-generated social media content can serve as an adjunct in disseminating health information for GERD. However, healthcare professionals should verify the content's completeness and accuracy before endorsing it as a standalone educational resource.
The relationship between research activity and the performance of English general practices: cross sectional and longitudinal analyses
Authors: Gibson Jonathan , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Sutton Matthew , Boaz Annette , Little Paul , Mallen Christian , McManus Richard , Park Sophie , Usher-Smith Juliet , Bower Peter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Research activity usually improves outcomes by being translated into practice. However, there is developing evidence that research activity itself may improve the overall performance of health care organisations. However, evidence that these relationships represent a causal impact of research activity is less clear. Additionally, the bulk of the existing evidence relates to hospital settings, and it is not known if those relationships would also be found in general practice, where most patient contacts occur. We sought to (a) test whether there were significant relationships between research activity in general practice and organisational performance (b) test whether those relationships were plausibly causal.
Methods
We analysed national data between 2008 and 2019 using cross sectional and longitudinal analyses, on 7921 general practices in England. Research activity included measures from the NIHR Clinical Research Network and the Royal College of General Practitioners. Measures of practice performance included clinical quality of care, patient reported experience of care, prescribing quality and hospital admissions.
Results
In cross-sectional analyses, research activity was positively associated with a number of measures of practice performance, including clinical quality of care, patient reported experience of care, and hospital admissions. The associations were generally modest in magnitude. However, longitudinal analyses did not support a reliable causal relationship.
Conclusions
Similar to findings from hospital settings, research activity in general practice is associated with practice performance. There is less evidence that research is causing those improvements, although this may reflect the limited level of research activity in most practices. We identified no negative impacts, suggesting that research activity is something that high quality practices are able to deliver alongside their core responsibilities and a potential marker of quality.
A systematic review protocol of injuries and illness across all the competitive cycling disciplines, including track cycling, mountain biking, road cycling, time trial, cyclocross, gravel cycling, BMX freestyle, BMX racing, e-sport, para-cycling and artistic cycling
Authors: Fallon Thomas , Heron Neil 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The sport of cycling has witnessed phenomenal growth over the past decade. Globally, over 200 million television hours across five continents watched the recent inaugural World Championships in Glasgow, in 2023. The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the world cycling governing body, has highlighted its mission to “promote and support research in cycling epidemiology and medicine, especially for the benefit of lesser-known disciplines” within its 2030 Agenda. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyse and synthesize the existing literature about cycling-related injuries and illness across all competitive disciplines.
Methods
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines will be followed through each stage of this systematic review. Cycling is an umbrella term used for many individual disciplines. Investigation of all types of injuries and/or illnesses sustained during training and/or competition among competitive athletes across all disciplines will be included in this review. A computerised, systematic literature search will be conducted in electronic databases MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Independent screening by two reviewers in a two-step process: title/abstract screening followed by full-text review. The reference lists of included articles will be searched to identify any other potentially relevant articles. Narrative synthesis as well as tabular/charted presentation of the extracted data will be included.
Discussion
This will be the first systematic review of injuries and illness across all the cycling disciplines and will aim to present the known prevalence, incidences, locations and burden of injury and illness across the sport of cycling.
Ethics and dissemination
This paper outlines a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Since it does not involve human participants, ethical approval is not necessary. The intention is to disseminate the findings through a peer-reviewed journal and present them at a conference as well as meetings with key stakeholders, including cyclists themselves.
Trial registration
This study has been registered with the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number CRD42024502703)