bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New polymorphic microsatellite loci for different camel species
Authors: Evdotchenko D. , Han Y. , Bartenschlager H. , Preuss S. , Geldermann H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractNew microsatellite loci were screened and sequenced from the genomic DNA of male Camelus bactrianus. Among 32 loci, 23 were amplified in bactrian and dromedary species, 19 in llama and 20 in alpaca. The different species had similar fragment lengths per locus, with more striking similarities between bactrian and dromedary and between llama and alpaca, respectively. Seven loci had more than 10 alleles each, nine were monomorphic in all species, and one was monomorphic in Old World and polymorphic in New World camels. The results show that the informative microsatellite loci can be widely applied to several species.
Characterization of 23 Tri‐ and tetranucleotide Microsatellite Loci in the Brown Tiger Prawn, Penaeus esculentus
Authors: Meadows J. R. S. , Ward R. D. , Grewe P.M. , Dierens L. M. , Lehnert S. A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTwenty‐three unique tri and tetra‐nucleotide microsatellites were isolated and characterized from the genome of the brown tiger prawn Penaeus esculentus. Nine of the 23 microsatellite loci were found to be polymorphic and were tested across a sample of wild caught Penaeus esculentus. Good fits to Hardy–Weinberg expectations were observed for six of the markers when tested in a population of at least 180 individuals. The total number of alleles for these six markers ranged from eight to 19, with an average total of 13. These values will make them useful for future stock identification and population genetics studies.
Twelve new microsatellite markers for gilted seabream (Sparus aurata L.): characterization, polymorphism and linkage
Authors: Launey Sophie , Krieg Francine , Haffray Pierrick , Bruant Jean‐Sebastien , Vannier Anne , Guyomard Rene 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTwelve new microsatellite markers were isolated from the gilted seabream Sparus aurata L., a seawater fish distributed throughout the Mediterranean Sea and on the East Atlantic Coast and exploited in both fisheries and aquaculture. Characterization in 16 individuals from a hatchery population from France reveals three to 17 alleles and a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.752. Inheritance and linkage were assessed in a bi‐parental cross, and using polymorphism and linkage information, two PCR‐multiplex were developed for routine analysis of Sparus aurata populations.
Isolation of microsatellite loci in the Capricorn silvereye, Zosterops lateralis chlorocephalus (Aves: Zosteropidae)
Authors: Frentiu F. D. , Lange C. L. , Burke T. , Owens I. P. F. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe Capricorn silvereye (Zosterops lateralis chlorocephalus) is ideally suited to investigating the genetic basis of body size evolution. We have isolated and characterized a set of microsatellite markers for this species. Seven out of 11 loci were polymorphic. The number of alleles detected ranged from two to five and observed heterozygosities between 0.12 and 0.67. One locus, ZL49, was found to be sex‐linked. This moderate level of diversity is consistent with that expected in an isolated, island population.
Development of microsatellite markers in bonytail (Gila elegans) with cross‐species amplification in humpback chub (Gila cypha)
Authors: Keeler‐Foster Connie L. , Spies Ingrid B. , Bondu‐Hawkins Virginie , Bentzen Paul 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBonytail, Gila elegans, is an endangered species of fish native to the Colorado River. Primers are presented for 17 microsatellites cloned from bonytail as well as the results of test amplifications in bonytail and humpback chub, G. cypha. Bonytail exhibited three to 18 alleles per locus across the 17 microsatellites and a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.58 among 10 loci used to screen 160 broodstock. Humpback chub exhibited one to six alleles and a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.69 among 10 loci that were successfully amplified in that species.
Isolation of microsatellites from two species of scleractinian coral
Authors: Miller K. J. , Howard C. G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMicrosatellites were isolated from two broadcast‐spawning species of scleractinian coral (Platygyra daedalea and Goniastrea favulus) from Australia's Great Barrier Reef. We found 27 microsatellites across both species, although only five loci were polymorphic in each species. Microsatellite loci displayed a wide range of diversity levels with four to 11 alleles per locus (HO = 0.26–0.91) in P. daedalea and two to seven alleles per locus (HO = 0.16–0.96) in G. favulus. Most loci showed departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium which may reflect nonrandom mating but may also be related to difficulties associated with coral DNA.
A standard set of polymorphic microsatellites for threatened mountain ungulates (Caprini, Artiodactyla)
Authors: Maudet C. , Beja‐Pereira A. , Zeyl E. , Nagash H. , Kence A. , Özüt D. , Biju‐Duval M.‐P. , Boolormaa S. , Coltman D. W. , Taberlet P. , Luikart G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractNearly 70% of the world's mountain ungulate taxa are endangered. The availability of a standard set of DNA markers for forensic and molecular ecology studies would help to establish conservation programs and detect poaching activities of these endangered taxa. We tested 60 published microsatellite primer pairs from bovids (cattle, sheep and goat) on 49 individuals from 11 taxa including six wild goat‐like species (Capra spp.), three divergent wild sheep (Ovis spp.), and two chamois (Rupicapra spp.) species. Approximately 30 microsatellites amplified a microsatellite‐like PCR product in all three genera, and with the exception of ILST097, nearly all the loci were polymorphic within most of the 11 species.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers in topmouth gudgeon, Pseudorasbora (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Authors: Konishi M. , Takata K. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDue to accidental introductions, the distribution of the east Asian topmouth gudgeon, Pseudorasbora parva, has rapidly expanded over recent years, thereby threatening the endangered Japanese species, P. pumila pumila. Sixteen microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for P. parva, 14 being highly polymorphic (mean HE = 0.58, mean number of alleles = 4.4). Successful characterization of 10 of these loci was also achieved for P. pumila pumila. These markers should be useful in future investigation of colonization of P. parva and the development of conservation strategies for P. pumila pumila.
Development and characterization of novel microsatellite markers from the olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea)
Authors: Aggarwal Ramesh K. , Velavan T. P. , Udaykumar D. , Hendre P. S. , Shanker Kartik , Choudhury B. C. , Singh Lalji 
Published: December 2004

AbstractOlive ridley turtles, although widely distributed globally and in Indian coastal waters, have undergone declines in recent years due to anthropogenic factors, particularly fishery‐related mortality. Assessment of genetic variability in existing populations is critical to the development of effective conservation strategies. Here we describe the development of six highly polymorphic microsatellite loci from a simple sequence repeat‐enriched genomic DNA library of olive ridley turtle. Characterization of five of these loci using 83 individual olive ridley turtles revealed eight to 24 alleles per locus, high observed and expected heterozygosity values and broad cross‐species amplifications. The sixth microsatellite was found to be monomorphic in the olive ridley samples but was polymorphic in two related marine turtle species. These microsatellites thus provide efficient genetic markers to understand the population structure, phylogeography and species relationships of olive ridley and other marine turtle species.
Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism markers for the fungal banana pathogen Mycosphaerella fijiensis
Authors: Zapater M. F. , Rakotonantoandro A. , Cohen S. , Carlier J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPolymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism markers were developed to study populations of the fungal banana pathogen Mycosphaerella fijiensis. Twelve markers were defined, 11 in anonymous and single‐copy nuclear DNA sequences and one in the internal transcribed spacer and 5.8S rDNA sequence. The polymerase chain reaction products obtained with locus‐specific primer pairs were digested with restriction enzymes to reveal polymorphism. Between five and 12 markers were polymorph in M. fijiensis populations from different geographical origins (Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Cameroon and Latin America). The mean of allele number and gene diversity (expected heterozygosity) per locus in the different geographical populations ranged between 1.4 and 2.7 and 0.17 and 0.45, respectively.
Isolation, characterization and cross‐salmonid amplification of 31 microsatellite loci in the lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis, Mitchill)
Authors: Rogers Sean M. , Marchand Marie‐Hélène , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: December 2004

AbstractCoregonine fish represent the most successful evolutionary lineage of salmonids with Coregonus as the most speciose salmonid genus inhabiting numerous postglacial lakes across the northern hemisphere. We isolated and characterized 31 polymorphic microsatellite loci in Coregonus clupeaformis with an average number of 5.3 alleles per locus (range three to eight) and an overall expected heterozygosity of 0.74 ± 0.11. Two loci revealed significant linkage associations through analyses of mapping families. Six additional salmonid taxa assessed for cross‐species amplification revealed between 18 and 26 positive amplifications and between two and 12 polymorphic loci per species.
splatche: a program to simulate genetic diversity taking into account environmental heterogeneity
Authors: Currat M. , Ray N. , Excoffier L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe present a program called splatche (SPatiaL And Temporal Coalescences in Heterogeneous Environments) to simulate the molecular diversity of samples of genes in an environmentally heterogeneous world. Simulations are performed by, first, simulating the colonization of the world using environmental information to constrain migrations and local densities. These simulated densities and migration rates recorded over time and space are then used to simulate genetic diversity under a coalescent framework. The program thus virtually allows the translation of ecological information into molecular diversity, a novel approach that can be used to study the effect of climatic change on genetic diversity.
Development of microsatellite markers in Rhizophora stylosa using a dual‐suppression‐polymerase chain reaction technique
Authors: Islam M. S. , Lian C. , Kameyama N. , Wu B. , Hogetsu T. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Rhizophora stylosa is an ecologically important mangrove tree species that is found in tropical and subtropical regions. We isolated five polymorphic microsatellite loci from R. stylosa using a dual‐suppression‐polymerase chain reaction technique. These loci provided microsatellite markers with polymorphism of four alleles in each locus for overall population. The mean expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.113 to 0.473.
Polarization properties of thein vitroold human crystalline lens
Authors: Bueno Juan M. , Campbell Melanie C. W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe have studied the spatially resolved polarization properties of thein vitrointact old human crystalline lens (from 56 to 88 years old) by using Mueller‐matrix imaging polarimetry. Analysis was performed within an average of 54 h of death. Results show that the overall retardation is small (7° on average) and decreases from the centre of the lens to the periphery. Lenticular birefringence is linear but has a spatial dependence, reducing outwards along the radius. The distribution of azimuthal angle of the birefringent structure of the crystalline lens changes depending on each individual lens. Diattenuation and polarizance were found to be small, however, depolarization was about 35% for the set of lenses studied here.
Experience and training as determinants of grading reliability when assessing the severity of contact lens complications
Authors: Efron Nathan , Morgan Philip B. , Farmer Craig , Furuborg Jan , Struk Robert , Carney Leo G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPurpose: A study was conducted to investigate the influence of experience and training on grading reliability when assessing the severity of contact lens complications.Methods: Twenty‐three optometry students who were unfamiliar with the use of grading scales each used the Efron Grading Tutor computer program to ascertain grading reliability at an ‘initial’ experimental session and a ‘final’ session 3 weeks later. Twelve subjects (the ‘trained’ group) were given a tutorial on grading techniques and were asked to complete two grading exercises between the initial and final sessions. The other 11 subjects (the ‘untrained’ group) received no such training between the two sessions. Differences in grading reliability between the initial and final grading sessions were evaluated.Results: Grading reliability was superior (lower) for the combined subject cohort at the final session (mean ± standard deviation 0.33 ± 0.12) compared with the initial session (0.46 ± 0.25) (p = 0.004). However, there was no difference in the improvement in grading reliability between the two groups.Conclusions:  Grading reliability improves statistically with some experience, although perhaps not to a clinically meaningful extent. No added benefit can be derived from supplemental training.
Variation of multifocal electroretinogram with axial length
Authors: Chan H. L. , Mohidin N. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIntroduction: The first‐order kernel response of multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) decreases in myopia. A recent study indicates that the flash ERG is also reduced with increased axial length. The aim of this study was to investigate the variations in the first‐order response (K1) and the first slice of second‐order response (K2.1) across the retina for different axial lengths.Methods: Thirty healthy subjects with axial length from 23.72 to 28.13 mm (spherical equivalent refractive errors from plano to −10.50 D) were recruited for mfERG measurement using VERIS 4.0. All subjects were fully corrected after cycloplegic refraction and pupils were dilated prior to mfERG recording. There is one trough, n1, and one peak, p1, in the K1 response and three troughs, n1, n2, n3, and three peaks, p1, p2, p3, in the K2.1 response. The amplitudes and implicit times of K1 and K2.1 responses were analysed to determine the characteristic of the responses across retina and the correlation to axial length.Results: The amplitudes of p1 (in the first‐order kernel‐K1) decreased in the central region and the paracentral region (ring 3) as the axial length increased. The central retinal region showed high rates of reduction in both n1 and p1 (in K1). The amplitudes of n1p1 and n2p2 (in the first slice of the second‐order kernel‐K2.1) were reduced in the paracentral region (from ring 2 to ring 5) as axial length increased. The average n1 and p1 in K1, and n1p1 and n2p2 in K2.1 mfERG responses are decreased in amplitude by 6–10% per millimetre elongation of axial length.Conclusion: Eyes with longer axial lengths, usually with high myopia, have a weaker mfERG response and this attenuation is across the measured retina (from central to paracentral regions) but different kernel responses show a different pattern of attenuation at different retinal eccentricities. The weaker mfERG responses may be related to the morphological changes associated with increased axial length.
The asphericity, curvature and tilt of the human cornea measured using a videokeratoscope
Authors: Douthwaite William A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe EyeSys videokeratoscope (VK) measurements of the principal corneal meridians of 98 subjects already analysed by Douthwaite et al. [Ophthal. Physiol. Opt. (1999)19:467–474] were re‐analysed in order to revise the assessment of asphericity, to derive information on corneal tilt and to assess the degree to which the corneal section approximates to that of a conic section. The range of normality for the revised p‐value (asphericity) was from 0.57 to 0.97 for the near horizontal and from 0.56 to 1.08 in the near vertical principal meridians. The approximate corneal tilt angles ranged from −3.95 to +8.13 degrees in the horizontal and from −8.99 to +9.33 degrees in the vertical meridian. A tilted conicoidal surface will display a linear relationship (r = 1) when a scatterplot is drawn of the perpendicular distance squared vs radius squared, after first averaging the two semimeridian results for each VK ring. Analysing the results from the human cornea in the same way allows an assessment of the degree to which the corneal section approximates to that of the conic section.
Age, lens transmittance, and the possible effects of light on melatonin suppression
Authors: Charman W. N. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractRecently it has been suggested that a previously undetected, rhodopsin‐based, visual pigment, located in some retinal ganglion cells and having a peak sensitivity around 460 nm, may be responsible for light‐induced melatonin suppression and, perhaps, maintenance of the circadian rhythm. Using data from the literature, it is shown that, as absorption in the crystalline lens for shorter visible wavelengths increases substantially with age, while the pupil diameter tends to decrease, the effective retinal exposure received under the same ambient lighting conditions by the pigment is almost 10 times lower in an old, as compared with a young, eye. Interestingly, replacement of the old crystalline lens by an intraocular implant restores the exposure to youthful levels. The possible effects of these changes with age on circadian rhythms are discussed.
Morphology of corneal nerves in soft contact lens wear. A comparative study using confocal microscopy
Authors: Oliveira‐Soto Laura , Efron Nathan 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate corneal innervation in soft contact lens wearers using the Tomey Confoscan confocal microscope (40×/0.75 objective lens). Three distinct age‐ and sex‐matched subject groups were involved, including extended soft (hydrogel and silicone‐hydrogel) contact lens wearers, overnight soft (hydrogel) contact lens wearers, and non contact lens wearers. A number of variables were objectively measured, subjectively evaluated, or graded in order to investigate the distribution and morphology of corneal nerves. For most of the evaluated parameters, no statistically significant differences were found. However, qualitative observations showed noticeable differences in corneal nerve appearance among the different subject groups; the degree of corneal oedema was suggested as the main causative factor. In conclusion, neither the short‐term (overnight wear) nor the long‐term (12‐month extended wear) soft contact lens wear appeared to affect the morphology and/or distribution of corneal nerves as viewed with confocal microscopy.
Linear birefringence measurements of the in vitro human cornea
Authors: Jaronski Jarosław W. , Kasprzak Henryk T. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis paper presents results of an in vitro investigation of the optical anisotropy of the human cornea. Computer controlled imaging polarimetry and the Jones formalism were used to investigate the distribution of the birefringence and the azimuth angle across the surface of 12 corneas taken from the corneal bank. Each map of the birefringence and the azimuth angle has no rotational symmetry and is different for each cornea. The minimal value of the birefringence always appears in the corneal centre and varies from 9 to 43° for different corneas. Birefringence of the cornea increases monotonically more than one order in the direction of the corneal periphery. Close to the centre of the cornea the azimuth angle is almost constant and varies significantly away from the optical part of the cornea.
Phakometric measurement of ocular surface radii of curvature, axial separations and alignment in relaxed and accommodated human eyes
Authors: Kirschkamp Thomas , Dunne Mark , Barry Jean‐Cyriaque 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMeasurements (autokeratometry, A‐scan ultrasonography and video ophthalmophakometry) of ocular surface radii, axial separations and alignment were made in the horizontal meridian of nine emmetropes (aged 20–38 years) with relaxed (cycloplegia) and active accommodation (mean ± 95% confidence interval: 3.7 ± 1.1 D). The anterior chamber depth (−1.5 ± 0.3 D) and both crystalline lens surfaces (front 3.1 ± 0.8 D; rear 2.1 ± 0.6 D) contributed to dioptric vergence changes that accompany accommodation. Accommodation did not alter ocular surface alignment. Ocular misalignment in relaxed eyes is mainly because of eye rotation (5.7 ± 1.6° temporally) with small amounts of lens tilt (0.2 ± 0.8° temporally) and decentration (0.1 ± 0.1 mm nasally) but these results must be viewed with caution as we did not account for corneal asymmetry. Comparison of calculated and empirically derived coefficients (upon which ocular surface alignment calculations depend) revealed that negligible inherent errors arose from neglect of ocular surface asphericity, lens gradient refractive index properties, surface astigmatism, effects of pupil size and centration, assumed eye rotation axis position and use of linear equations for analysing Purkinje image shifts.
Transient pattern Visual Evoked Potentials in children with Down's syndrome
Authors: Suttle Catherine M. , Turner Anne M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractVisual acuity and contrast sensitivity are lower in children with Down's syndrome than in those developing normally. In many cases, this difference might be accounted for by the relatively high incidence of ocular abnormalities (including refractive error and strabismus) in Down's syndrome. However, abnormal spatial vision persists in children with Down's syndrome in the absence of ocular abnormality, suggesting that abnormal retino‐cortical visual processing explains reduced visual function in this group. The aim of the present study was to assess retino‐cortical function in children with Down's syndrome by recording transient visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in response to pattern stimuli. Responses from children with Down's syndrome were compared with those recorded from children developing normally. Response latency is similar in the two groups, but morphology differs, with the N75 component being clearly present in the normal responses, but diminished or undetectable in responses from children with Down's syndrome. Our findings may suggest a cortical abnormality specific to the source of the N75 component of pattern‐reversal achromatic VEPs.