bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An effective prediction model based on XGBoost for the 12-month recurrence of AF patients after RFA
Authors: Sun ShiKun , Wang Li , Lin Jia , Sun YouFen , Ma ChangSheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common heart rhythm disorder that can lead to complications such as stroke and heart failure. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a procedure used to treat AF, but it is not always successful in maintaining a normal heart rhythm. This study aimed to construct a clinical prediction model based on extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) for AF recurrence 12 months after ablation.

Methods
The 27-dimensional data of 359 patients with AF undergoing RFA in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from October 2018 to November 2021 were retrospectively analysed. We adopted the logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and XGBoost methods to conduct the experiment. To evaluate the performance of the prediction, we used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), the area under the precision-recall curve (AP), and calibration curves of both the training and testing sets. Finally, Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) were utilized to explain the significance of the variables.

Results
Of the 27-dimensional variables, ejection fraction (EF) of the left atrial appendage (LAA), N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), global peak longitudinal strain of the LAA (LAAGPLS), left atrial diameter (LAD), diabetes mellitus (DM) history, and female sex had a significant role in the predictive model. The experimental results demonstrated that XGBoost exhibited the best performance among these methods, and the accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, precision and F1 score (a measure of test accuracy) of XGBoost were 86.1%, 89.7%, 71.4%, 62.5% and 0.67, respectively. In addition, SHAP analysis also proved that the 6 parameters were decisive for the effect of the XGBoost-based prediction model.

Conclusions
We proposed an effective model based on XGBoost that can be used to predict the recurrence of AF patients after RFA. This prediction result can guide treatment decisions and help to optimize the management of AF.
Comparison of SARIMA model, Holt-winters model and ETS model in predicting the incidence of foodborne disease
Authors: Xian Xiaobing , Wang Liang , Wu Xiaohua , Tang Xiaoqing , Zhai Xingpeng , Yu Rong , Qu Linhan , Ye Mengliang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
According to the World Health Organization, foodborne disease is a significant public health issue. We will choose the best model to predict foodborne disease by comparison, to provide evidence for government policies to prevent foodborne illness.

Methods
The foodborne disease monthly incidence data from June 2017 to April 2022 were obtained from the Chongqing Nan’an District Center for Disease Prevention and Control. Data from June 2017 to June 2021 were used to train the model, and the last 10 months of incidence were used for prediction and validation The incidence was fitted using the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model, Holt-Winters model and Exponential Smoothing (ETS) model. Besides, we used MSE, MAE, RMSE to determine which model fits better.

Results
During June 2017 to April 2022, the incidence of foodborne disease showed seasonal changes, the months with the highest incidence are June to November. The optimal model of SARIMA is SARIMA (1,0,0) (1,1,0)12. The MSE, MAE, RMSE of the Holt-Winters model are 8.78, 2.33 and 2.96 respectively, which less than those of the SARIMA and ETS model, and its prediction curve is closer to the true value. The optimal model has good predictive performance.

Conclusion
Based on the results, Holt-Winters model produces better prediction accuracy of the model.
Non-adherence to ivermectin in onchocerciasis-endemic communities with persistent infection in the Bono Region of Ghana: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Otabil Kenneth Bentum , Basáñez María-Gloria , Ankrah Blessing , Bart-Plange Emmanuel John , Babae Theophilus Nti , Kudzordzi Prince-Charles , Darko Vera Achiaa , Raji Abdul Sakibu , Datsa Lydia , Boakye Andrews Agyapong , Yeboah Michael Tawiah , Fodjo Joseph Nelson Siewe , Schallig Henk D. F. H. , Colebunders Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The World Health Organization has proposed that onchocerciasis elimination (interruption) of transmission be verified in 12 (approximately a third) endemic countries by 2030. The strategy to reach this goal is based on ivermectin Mass Drug Administration (MDA) with high geographical and therapeutic coverage. In addition to coverage, high levels of treatment adherence are paramount. We investigated factors associated with ivermectin intake in an area of Ghana with persistent Onchocerca volvulus infection.

Methods
In August 2021, a cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted in 13 onchocerciasis-endemic communities in the Bono Region of Ghana. Individuals aged ≥ 10 years were invited to participate in a questionnaire survey. A total of 48 focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with 10 community drug distributors and 13 community leaders were conducted.

Results
A total of 510 people participated in the study [median age: 32, interquartile range 30 (20‒50) years]; 274 (53.7%) were females. Of the total, 320 (62.7%) declared that they adhered to each treatment round and 190 (37.3%) admitted they had not taken ivermectin during at least one MDA round, since becoming eligible for treatment. Of 483 participants with complete information, 139 (28.8%) did not take ivermectin during the last round (March 2021), and 24 (5.0%) had never taken ivermectin (systematic non-adherers). Reasons for not taking ivermectin included previous experience/fear of side-effects, being absent during MDA, pregnancy, the desire to drink alcohol, and drug distribution challenges. Being male, having good knowledge and perception of the disease, and not having secondary or higher level of formal education were significantly associated with higher odds of ivermectin intake.

Conclusions
A relatively high level of non-adherence to ivermectin treatment was documented. There is a need for targeted educational and behavioural change campaigns to reverse these trends and ensure a steady course toward meeting onchocerciasis elimination targets in Ghana.
Distribution of Plasmodium falciparum K13 gene polymorphisms across transmission settings in Ghana
Authors: Dieng Cheikh Cambel , Morrison Victoria , Donu Dickson , Cui Liwang , Amoah Linda , Afrane Yaw , Lo Eugenia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMalaria is a significant global health concern, with a majority of cases in Sub-Saharan African nations. Numerous antimalarial drugs have been developed to counter the rampant prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) has served as the primary treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Ghana since 2005. However, a growing concern has emerged due to the escalating reports of ACT resistance, particularly in Southeast Asia, and its encroachment into Africa. Specifically, mutations in the Kelch propeller domain on chromosome 13 (Pfk13) have been linked to ACT resistance. Yet, our understanding of mutation prevalence in Africa remains largely uncharted. In this study, we compared Pfk13 sequences obtained from 172 P. falciparum samples across three ecological and transmission zones in Ghana. We identified 27 non-synonymous mutations among these sequences, of which two of the mutations, C580Y (found in two samples from the central region) and Y493H (found in one sample from the north), had previously been validated for their association with artemisinin resistance, a phenomenon widespread in Southeast Asia. The Pfk13 gene diversity was most pronounced in the northern savannah than the central forest and south coastal regions, where transmission rates are lower. The observed mutations were not significantly associated with geographical regions, suggesting a frequent spread of mutations across the country. The ongoing global surveillance of artemisinin resistance remains pivotal, and our findings provides insights into the potential spread of resistant parasites in West Africa. Furthermore, the identification of novel codon mutations in this study raises their potential association to ACT resistance, warranting further investigation through in vitro assays to ascertain their functional significance.
Study on maintenance of eyeball morphology by foldable capsular vitreous body in severe ocular trauma
Authors: Li Shanyu , Wang Xiaoxuan , Dou Zhixia , Zhang Jie , Jia Jinchen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To explore the feasibility and safety of using a foldable capsular vitreous body (FCVB) in managing severe ocular trauma and silicone oil-dependent eyes.

Methodology
This is a retrospective study of 61 ocular trauma patients (61 eyes) who presented to the Department of Eye Emergency, Hebei Eye Hospital from May 1, 2018, to May 31, 2019, including 51 male patients (51 eyes) and 10 female patients (10 eyes) with an average age of 44.98 ± 14.60 years old. The oldest patient was 75 years old, and the youngest was 8 years old. These cases represented 51 eyes with severe eyeball rupture and 10 eyes with severe, complicated ocular trauma, which became silicone oil-dependent after the operation. These patients received FCVB implants, and data regarding their visual acuity, intraocular pressure, changes in eye axis, cornea, retina, and FCVB state were recorded after the operation.

Results
In all patients, the FCVB was properly positioned and well supported with the retina. All 61 patients cleared a follow-up window of 1–36 months with no reports of important changes in their visual acuity. Among the patients, 91.8% reported normal intraocular pressure, the retinal reattachment rate reached 100%, and the eyeball atrophy control rate reached 100%. There was no report of rupture of the FCVB, allergies to silicone, intraocular infection, intraocular hemorrhage, silicone oil emulsification, or sympathetic ophthalmia.

Conclusions
Foldable capsular vitreous bodies (FCVBs) designed to mimic natural vitreous bodies are suitable as long-term ocular implants that can provide sustained support for the retina without the need for any special postoperative postures. Their barrier function may effectively prolong the retention time of the tamponade and prevent various complications caused by direct contact of the eye tissues with the tamponade.
Trust in pharmaceuticals and vaccine hesitancy: exploring factors influencing COVID-19 immunization among Lebanese children aged 1 to 11 years
Authors: Feghaly Emilie , Hanna Venise , Mohamad Nagham Karh , Assaf Mohamad Ali , Sebastian Juny , El Khatib Sami , Karam Rita , Zeitoun Abeer , Berry Atika , Samaha Hajar , Shouman Marwa , Obeid Sahar , Hallit Souheil , Malaeb Diana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious threat to everyone’s health. Numerous studies have demonstrated that vaccines are very effective in preventing COVID-19-related severe illness, hospitalization, and death. Children’s vaccination exerts its protecting effect by preventing the spread of the virus. The purpose of this study was to analyze the rate of COVID-19 immunization among Lebanese children aged 1 to 11 years and assess parental factors that affect immunization rates.

Methods
An online cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2023. The online survey was distributed across all social media channels, including the Ministry of Public Health website.

Results
A total of 390 parents filled the survey (mean age = 37.48 ± 8.39 years; 50.5% mothers; 70% with a university level of education). Mothers compared to fathers, having a history of bad reaction to a vaccine vs. not, and higher vaccine hesitancy were significantly associated with less willingness to administer the vaccine to the child. Trusting pharmaceutical companies was significantly associated with more willingness to administer the vaccine to the child.

Conclusion
The results of this study show that the factors associated with parents’ decisions to vaccinate their children may vary. Our findings conclude that vaccine acceptance is being highly associated with parental concerns, trust, and information regarding the vaccine safety and efficacy.
Construction of a resting EEG-based depression recognition model for college students and possible mechanisms of action of different types of exercise
Authors: Li Lili , Wang Peng , Li Shufan , Zhao Qun , Yin Zhaosong , Guan Wei , Chen Sicheng , Wang Xing , Liao Jinlin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the method of resting EEG assessment of depressive symptoms in college students and to clarify the relationship between physical activity level and depressive symptoms in college students.

Methods
Using a cross-sectional study design, 140 current full-time college students were recruited to complete the Self-Rating Depression Scale and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and 10-min resting EEGs were obtained.

Results
1) The power values of δ and α2 in the central (C3, C4) and parietal (P3, P4) regions of depressed college students were significantly higher than those of normal college students. And the degree of lateralization of δ, θ, α1, and α2 in the prefrontal regions (F3, F4) of depressed college students was significantly higher than that of normal college students (all P < 0. 008). 2) The recall rate of the depression recognition model for college students based on resting EEG was 66.67%, the precision was 65.05%, and the AUCs of the training group and validation group were 0.791 and 0.786, respectively, with better detection effects. 3) The two indicators, δ (C3 + C4) and α1 (F4-F3), are significantly correlated with IPAQ scores, and among college students who engage in ball games most commonly, those with a higher level of physical activity have lower δ (C3 + C4) and higher α1 (F4-F3), while among those who engage in resistance training most commonly, higher levels of physical activity are associated with lower δ (C3 + C4).

Conclusion
The resting EEG of depressed college students has a certain specificity that can objectively assess the risk of developing depressive symptoms in college students. Physical activity is associated with abnormal EEG signals of depressive symptoms. Different types of physical activity may modulate the relationship between physical activity levels and EEG indicators.
Smartphone usage behaviors and their association with De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis (DQT)among college students: a cross-sectional study in Guangxi, China
Authors: Nie Xinyu , Huang Lihong , Hou Jun , Dai Anyuan , He Lihuan , Zheng Puxiang , Ye Zhimao , Zhang Shiming , Zhou Guangqi , Zhang Jun , Hua Qikai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe growing prevalence of smartphone use among college students in China has led to health concerns, including De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis (DQT). However, the specific smartphone usage behaviors contributing to DQT remain poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the relationship between smartphone usage behaviors and DQT in college students.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 937 students from various majors in Guangxi between September 2021 and April 2022. Participants completed an online questionnaire assessing smartphone usage behaviors and their association with DQT. The Finkelstein test was employed to diagnose DQT.ResultsOver half of the college students (52%) tested positive for DQT via Finkelstein’s test. Higher levels of smartphone usage time (6–8 h/day: OR = 4.454, 95%CI:1.662–12.229; ≥8 h/day: OR = 4.521, 95%CI:1.596–12.811), phone games (OR = 1.997, 95%CI:1.312–3.040), social media (OR = 2.263, 95%CI:1.795–3.833), and leisure activities (OR = 1.679, 95%CI:1.140–2.475) were significantly associated with an increased risk of DQT. Two specific gestures (Bilateral thumbs, BT: OR = 1.900, 95%CI:1.281–2.817; Bilateral thumbs-horizontal screen, BT-HS: OR = 1.872, 95%CI:1.244–2.818) and two screen sizes (5.0-5.5inch: OR = 2.064, 95%CI:1.108–3.846; 6.0-6.5inch: OR = 2.413, 95%CI:1.125–4.083) also exhibited a higher risk of DQT. Bilateral DQT was observed, with Gesture-BT identified as the primary risk factor.ConclusionOur findings suggest that increased smartphone usage time, phone games, social media, and leisure activities elevate the risk of DQT among college students. Furthermore, two specific gestures and two screen sizes were also linked to a heightened DQT risk. To mitigate DQT development, college students should reduce smartphone usage time and adopt appropriate gestures.
Assessing hand hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among Guatemalan primary school students in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pieters Michelle M , Fahsen Natalie , Quezada Ramiro , Pratt Caroline , Craig Christina , McDavid Kelsey , Vega Ocasio Denisse , Hug Christiana , Cordón-Rosales Celia , Lozier Matthew J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Hand hygiene (HH) is an important practice that prevents transmission of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. However, in resource-limited areas, where water and soap are not always available, it can be difficult to practice HH correctly and at appropriate moments. The purpose of this study was to assess HH knowledge and behaviors among students from six elementary schools in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala to identify gaps that could later inform interventions to improve HH.

Methods
We conducted knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) surveys among primary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022. We also observed students’ HH practices at three different moments during the day, making note of the use of the HH station and materials, duration of handwashing, presence of a HH assistant, and the students’ sex. We also used the Quantitative Personal Hygiene Assessment Tool (qPHAT), to measure hand dirtiness before eating, after restroom use, and upon arriving to school.

Results
We surveyed 109 students across six schools. Mean scores were 4 out of 5 for knowledge, 8 out of 8 for attitudes, and 6 out of 7 for HH practices. Most students identified “before eating” as a critical moment for HH (68.8%), fewer identified “after restroom use” (31.2%), and no students mentioned HH being necessary “after coughing or sneezing”. We observed 326 HH opportunities of which 51.2% performed correct HH (used water and soap for at least 20 s or used alcohol-based hand rub, where materials were available). We collected 82 qPHAT hand swabs. A Kruskal Wallis test revealed a significant difference in hand dirtiness between entering the school and after restroom use (p = 0.017), but no significant difference before eating and after entering the school (p = 0.6988).

Conclusions
The results from the KAP survey show high scores, however correct identification of key moments for HH was relatively uncommon, especially after restroom use and after coughing or sneezing. Additionally, half of HH opportunities observed had correct HH practices and on average, hands were dirtiest when arriving at school. These findings will inform interventions to improve HH practices and behaviors, which will be evaluated with follow-up data collection.
Evaluation of patients´ perspective on a multimorbidity patient-centered care model piloted in the chilean public health system
Authors: Sapag Jaime C. , Martínez Mayra , Zamorano Paula , Varela Teresita , Téllez Álvaro , Irazoqui Esteban , Muñoz Paulina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The progressive multimorbidity explosion has challenged Chile’s health systems and worldwide. The Centro de Innovación en Salud ANCORA UC implemented a new Multimorbidity Patient-Centered Care Model in Chile.

Objective
Evaluate the perspective of high-risk patients about the core elements of the model.

Methodology
We conducted a cross sectional telephone-based survey that considered the application of a 13 items questionnaire. Of them, nine were Likert scale questions with scores from 1 to 7, one dichotomic question, and three open-ended questions. 231 high-risk patients who received care through the model at primary care centers participated in the study. Quantitative data were encoded, consolidated, and analyzed with the SPSS software. We performed descriptive and analytic statistics techniques to assess different variables and their potential associations. Thematic analysis was conducted for qualitative data.

Results
The overall score was 5.84 (range: 1 to 7), with a standard deviation of 1.25. Questions with the best scores were those related with personalized care and the primary care teams. The lowest scored was for the item regarding the continuity of care between primary nurses and inpatient care at the hospital. There was a difference in patient outcomes depending on their health center. Regarding sociodemographic characteristics, age did not significantly affect the results.

Conclusions
The study reveals the perceptions about a complex multimorbidity intervention from the patient’s perspective. It complements the impact on health services utilization evaluation that supports decision-makers currently scaling up a similar strategy in our country and could be considered in other countries dealing with non-communicable diseases.
Assessing, updating and utilising primary care smoking records for lung cancer screening
Authors: McCutchan Grace , Engela-Volker Jean , Anyanwu Philip , Brain Kate , Abel Nicole , Eccles Sinan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography for high-risk populations is being implemented in the UK. However, inclusive identification and invitation of the high-risk population is a major challenge for equitable lung screening implementation. Primary care electronic health records (EHRs) can be used to identify lung screening-eligible individuals based on age and smoking history, but the quality of EHR smoking data is limited. This study piloted a novel strategy for ascertaining smoking status in primary care and tested EHR search combinations to identify those potentially eligible for lung cancer screening.

Methods
Seven primary care General Practices in South Wales, UK were included. Practice-level data on missing tobacco codes in EHRs were obtained. To update patient EHRs with no tobacco code, we developed and tested an algorithm that sent a text message request to patients via their GP practice to update their smoking status. The patient’s response automatically updated their EHR with the relevant tobacco code. Four search strategies using different combinations of tobacco codes for the age range 55-74+ 364 were tested to estimate the likely impact on the potential lung screening-eligible population in Wales. Search strategies included: BROAD (wide range of ever smoking codes); VOLUME (wide range of ever-smoking codes excluding “trivial” former smoking); FOCUSED (cigarette-related tobacco codes only), and RECENT (current smoking within the last 20 years).

Results
Tobacco codes were not recorded for 3.3% of patients (n = 724/21,956). Of those with no tobacco code and a validated mobile telephone number (n = 333), 55% (n = 183) responded via text message with their smoking status. Of the 183 patients who responded, 43.2% (n = 79) had a history of smoking and were potentially eligible for lung cancer screening. Applying the BROAD search strategy was projected to result in an additional 148,522 patients eligible to receive an invitation for lung cancer screening when compared to the RECENT strategy.

Conclusion
An automated text message system could be used to improve the completeness of primary care EHR smoking data in preparation for rolling out a national lung cancer screening programme. Varying the search strategy for tobacco codes may have profound implications for the size of the population eligible for lung-screening invitation.