bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High critical current density in low-cost iron-based superconducting round wires annealed at ambient pressure
Authors: Fu Caida , Dong Chiheng , Tu Chang , Han Meng , Huang He , Wang Dongliang , Zhang Xianping , Ma Yanwei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Superconducting round wires with isotropic architecture are preferred in fabrications of cables and magnets. To diminish the obstacles to supercurrent, e.g., voids, cracks and bubbles, over-pressure heat treatment or hot isostatic pressing is indispensable in the final annealing process. Here, we fabricated a stainless steel/Cu/Ag sheathed Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 superconducting round wire without the aid of high-pressure sintering. It was found that high-strength outer sheaths and groove rolling synergistically enhance the core density to ∼100%. Combined with the fiber and concentric texture of the superconducting core, the J
c reaches 4.45 × 104 A cm−2 at 4.2 K and 10 T. Furthermore, the specially designed conductor architecture not only reduces material costs by lowering the proportion of Ag to ∼3.1%, but also provides high mechanical and thermal stability. This straightforward and cost-effective process can be scaled up for the massive production of long wires for high-field applications.
Macroscopic effects in generation of attosecond XUV pulses via high-order frequency mixing in gases and plasma
Authors: Birulia V A , Khokhlova M A , Strelkov V V 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We theoretically study the generation of attosecond XUV pulses via high-order frequency mixing (HFM) of two intense generating fields, and compare this process with the more common high-order harmonic generation (HHG) process. We calculate the macroscopic XUV signal by numerically integrating the 1D propagation equation coupled with the 3D time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We analytically find the length scales which limit the quadratic growth of the HFM macroscopic signal with propagation length. Compared to HHG these length scales are much longer for a group of HFM components, with orders defined by the frequencies of the generating fields. This results in a higher HFM macroscopic signal despite the microscopic response being lower than for HHG. In our numerical simulations in a gas target, the intensity of the HFM signal is several times higher than that for HHG, while for a plasma target the HFM generation efficiency is up to three orders of magnitude higher than for HHG. The HFM with relatively long generating pulses provides very narrow XUV lines (

δ
ω

/

ω
=
4.6
×

10

−
4

) with well-defined frequencies, thus allowing for a simple extension of optical frequency standards to the XUV range. Finally, we show that the group of HFM components effectively generated due to macroscopic effects provides a train of attosecond pulses such that the carrier-envelope phase of an individual attosecond pulse can be easily controlled by tuning the phase of one of the generating fields.
Emergent clustering due to quorum sensing interactions in active matter
Authors: Thapa Samudrajit , Pinchasik Bat-El , Shokef Yair 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Many organisms in nature use local interactions to generate global cooperative phenomena. To unravel how the behavior of individuals generates effective interactions within a group, we introduce a simple model, wherein each agent senses the presence of others nearby and changes its physical motion accordingly. This generates non-physical, or virtual interactions between agents. We study the radial distribution function and the cluster size distribution to quantify the emergent interactions for both social and anti-social behavior; We identify social behavior as when an agent exhibits a tendency to remain in the vicinity of other agents, whereas anti-social behavior as when it displays a tendency to escape from the vicinity of others. Using Langevin dynamics simulations in two and three spatial dimensions, we discover that under certain conditions, positive correlations, which indicate attraction can emerge even in the case of anti-social behavior. Our results are potentially useful for designing robotic swimmers that can swim collectively only based on sensing the distance to their neighbors, without measuring any orientational information.
A novel small object detection algorithm for UAVs based on YOLOv5
Authors: Li Jianzhuang , Zhang Yuechong , Liu Haiying , Guo Junmei , Liu Lida , Gu Jason , Deng Lixia , Li Shuang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Due to the advances in deep learning, artificial intelligence is widely utilized in numerous areas. Technologies frontier, including computer vision, represented by object detection, have endowed unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with autonomous perception, analysis, and decision-making capabilities. UAVs extensively used in numerous fields including photography, industry and agriculture, surveillance, disaster relief, and play an important role in real life. However, current object detection algorithms encountered challenges when it came to detecting small objects in images captured by UAVs. The small size of the objects, with high density, low resolution, and few features make it difficult for the algorithms to achieve high detection accuracy and are prone to miss and false detections especially when detecting small objects. For the case of enhancing the performance of UAV detection on small objects, a novel small object detection algorithm for UAVs adaptation based on YOLOv5s (UA-YOLOv5s) was proposed. (1) To achieve effective small-sized objects detection, a more accurate small object detection (MASOD) structure was adopted. (2) To boost the detection accuracy and generalization ability of the model, a multi-scale feature fusion (MSF) approach was proposed, which fused the feature information of the shallow layers of the backbone and the neck. (3) To enhance the model stability properties and feature extraction capability, a more efficient and stable convolution residual Squeeze-and-Excitation (CRS)module was introduced. Compared with the YOLOv5s, mAP@0.5 was achieved an impressive improvement of 7.2%. Compared with the YOLOv5l, mAP@0.5 increased by 1.0%, and GFLOPs decreased by 69.1%. Compared to the YOLOv3, mAP@0.5 decreased by 0.2% and GFLOPs by 78.5%. The study’s findings demonstrated that the proposed UA-YOLOv5s significantly enhanced the object detection performance of UAVs campared to the traditional algorithms.
Amplitude modulation leads to the disappearance of relaxation oscillations in the Duffing system
Authors: Song Jin , Jiang Yandan , Han Xiujing , Bi Qinsheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Relaxation oscillations are pervasive in diverse areas of natural sciences and engineering, and exploring the dynamical mechanisms of relaxation oscillations is one of the most significant issues. Typical relaxation oscillations can be observed in the Duffing system. Recently, amplitude modulation has emerged as a novel control mechanism for investigating the behavior of fast-slow dynamics in systemic tension oscillations. It has demonstrated the ability to prolong the quasi-static slow process of the system and increase the number of bifurcation points. However, the exploration of the mechanistic aspects of amplitude modulation is still in its early stages, with many unreported dynamical mechanisms. Among these, investigating the modes of relaxation oscillations induced by amplitude modulation is one of the most important issues. Therefore, this manuscript focuses on studying the effect of amplitude modulation on relaxation oscillations, using the classical forced Duffing system as a representative model. Significantly, we report an intriguing finding for the first time, revealing a new amplitude-modulated mechanism by which the disappearance of relaxation oscillations can be induced. By employing the fast-slow analysis, we have examined the underlying dynamical mechanisms, revealing a strong correlation with the modulation index of amplitude modulation. Notably, when the system operates under low amplitude modulation, an extension of the quasi-static process is observed, manifesting as a prolonged slow process. Conversely, under high amplitude modulation, relaxation oscillations suddenly disappear. Our results serve to enrich the potential mechanisms of amplitude modulation, and our analysis provides a reference for investigating the dynamical behavior induced by amplitude modulation in other dynamical systems.
Mechanisms of model bias impacting responses of the Atlantic cold tongue to greenhouse warming
Authors: Yang Yun , Cheng Xi , Wu Lixin , Cai Wenju , Chen Yuhu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Atlantic cold tongue, which typically peaks in boreal summer, exerts a pronounced regional and global impact on the climate and socio-economy. Projected future changes in the Atlantic cold tongue are full of uncertainty, mainly arising from a model bias in simulating its mean state, with less biased models projecting a stronger weakening in amplitude. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we find that model bias exerts its influence through modulating atmospheric thermal damping and upwelling of subsurface anomalous warming induced by the weakened Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). In less biased models, the Atlantic cold tongue, compared to the western equatorial Atlantic, features a cooler mean climate sea surface temperature (SST), and is subjected to smaller thermal damping induced by mean climate evaporation and consequently, faster SST warming. Moreover, equatorial subsurface warming associated with a reduced AMOC is advected to the surface via mean climate upwelling, enhancing faster SST warming in the east, a feedback stronger in less biased models that produce greater climatological upwelling. The above asymmetric SST warming would be amplified by the Bjerknes feedback, leading to a weakened Atlantic cold tongue. These findings may help to predict future changes in the Atlantic cold tongue and its influences.
On the path integral formulation of Wigner–Dunkl quantum mechanics
Authors: Junker Georg 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Feynman’s path integral approach is studied in the framework of the Wigner–Dunkl deformation of quantum mechanics. We start with reviewing some basics from Dunkl theory and investigate the time evolution of a Gaussian wave packet, which exhibits the same dispersion relation as observed in standard quantum mechanics. Feynman’s path integral approach is then extended to Wigner–Dunkl quantum mechanics. The harmonic oscillator problem is solved explicitly. We then look at the Euclidean time evolution and the related Dunkl process. This process, which exhibit jumps, can be represented by two continuous Bessel processes, one with reflection and one with absorption at the origin. The Feynman–Kac path integral for the harmonic oscillator problem is explicitly calculated.
Response rates and associated factors after a multicomponent intervention in frail older adults with diabetes
Authors: Álvarez-Bustos Alejandro , Laosa Olga , Marzetti Emanuele , Carnicero Jose Antonio , Castro-Rodriguez Marta , Landi Francesco , Sinclair Alan J , Rodriguez-Mañas Leocadio 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and frailty are associated with functional decline in older population.

Objective
To explore the individual response to a multimodal intervention on functional performance.

Design
A cluster-randomised multicentre clinical trial.

Setting
Outpatients in hospital or primary care.

Subjects
843 (77.83 years, 50.65% men) prefrail and frail individuals ≥70 years with T2DM.

Methods
Participants were allocated to usual care group (UCG) or a multicomponent intervention group (IG): 16-week progressive resistance training, seven nutritional and diabetological educational sessions and achievement of glycated haemoglobin (7–8%) and blood pressure (&lt;150 mmHg) targets. Functional performance was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) at 1 year. We used multivariate binomial and multinomial logistic regression models to explore the effect of the IG, and adherence on the outcomes studied, in several adjusted models.

Results
53.7% in the IG versus 38.0% in the UCG improved by at least 1 point in their SPPB score [OR (95% CI): 2.07 (1.43, 2.98), P value &lt;0.001]. Age, SPPB score and number of frailty criteria met decreased the probability of improving the SPPB score. Factors associated with worsening were pertaining to IG (decreased), age, SPPB score and the number of frailty criteria (increased). An adherence ≥84% was needed to achieve benefits, reaching the peak in the probability of improving SPPB when this was ≥85% [OR(95%CI): 2.38 (1.29, 4.79), P value 0.014].

Conclusions
Factors predicting the likelihood of improvement in a multimodal programme in pre-frail and frail older adults with diabetes are age, basal SPPB score, the number of frailty criteria and adherence.
A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial comparing nebulized ketamine to intravenous morphine for older adults in the emergency department with acute musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Kampan Sirasa , Thong-on Kwannapa , Sri-on Jiraporn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
Our study aimed to investigate the analgesic efficacy of nebulized ketamine in managing acute moderate-to-severe musculoskeletal pain in older emergency department (ED) patients compared with intravenous (IV) morphine.

Methods
This was a non-inferiority, double-blind, randomized controlled trial conducted at a single medical centre. The patients aged 65 and older, who presented at the ED musculoskeletal pain within 7 days and had a pain score of 5 or more on an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS), were included in the study. The outcomes were a comparison of the NRS reduction between nebulized ketamine and IV morphine 30 minutes after treatment, incidence of adverse events and rate of rescue therapy.

Results
The final study included 92 individuals, divided equally into two groups. At 30 minutes, the difference in mean NRS between the nebulized ketamine and IV morphine groups was insignificant (5.2 versus 5.7). The comparative mean difference in the NRS change from baseline between nebulized ketamine and IV morphine [−1.96 (95% confidence interval—CI: −2.45 to −1.46) and −2.15 (95% CI: −2.64 to −1.66) = 0.2 (95% CI: −0.49 to 0.89)] did not exceed the non-inferiority margin of 1.3. The rate of rescue therapy did not differ between the groups. The morphine group had considerably higher incidence of nausea than the control group (zero patients in the ketamine group versus eight patients (17.4%) in the morphine group; P = 0.006).

Conclusions
Nebulized ketamine has non-inferior analgesic efficacy compared with IV morphine for acute musculoskeletal pain in older persons, with fewer adverse effects.
Association of chronic conditions and physical multimorbidity with new-onset incontinence in a nationwide prospective cohort study of older adults ≥ 50 years in China
Authors: Li Haibin , Zou Xinye , Zhang Ruolin , Zou Siyu , Qian Frank , Zheng Jin , Xiao Angela Y , Guo Xiuhua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The relationship between multimorbidity (i.e. ≥ 2 chronic conditions) and incontinence (i.e. urinary and/or faecal incontinence) is underexplored. This study investigated the association between multimorbidity and incident incontinence in Chinese adults aged ≥50 years.

Methods
Data from the 2011 and 2015 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were used. The association between 12 chronic conditions, multimorbidity and new-onset incontinence was analysed using weighted logistic regression models. Mediation analysis was conducted to explore the potential mediators (self-reported health, subjective memory, depressive symptoms, disability, cognitive function, handgrip strength, mobility limitations, medications and frailty status) between multimorbidity and incontinence.

Findings
Among 9,986 individuals aged ≥50 years who were continent at baseline, 5.3% (n = 521) were newly incontinent 4 years later (incident cases). The risk of incident incontinence increased with physical multimorbidity (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.62–2.57). Compared to no chronic condition, having 1, 2, 3 and ≥ 4 chronic conditions were associated with incident incontinence with OR (95% CI): 1.41 (1.01–1.97), 1.74 (1.24–2.44), 2.82 (1.93–4.12) and 3.99 (2.29–6.95), respectively. The association between multimorbidity and incontinence was mediated by self-reported health (41.2%), medications (26.6%), mobility limitations (20.9%), depressive symptoms (12.8%), disability (11.6%), subjective memory (8.7%) and frailty status (8.3%).

Conclusion
This longitudinal study found that physical multimorbidity and specific chronic conditions may increase the risk of new-onset incontinence among Chinese adults aged ≥50 years. Self-reported health, medications and mobility limitations seemed to be important intermediate conditions between multimorbidity and incident incontinence.
Interventions aimed to increase average 24-h systolic blood pressure reduce blood pressure drops in patients with reflex syncope and orthostatic intolerance
Authors: Groppelli Antonella , Rivasi Giulia , Fedorowski Artur , de Lange Frederik J , Russo Vincenzo , Maggi Roberto , Capacci Marco , Nawaz Sara , Comune Angelo , Bianchi Lorenzo , Zambon Antonella , Soranna Davide , Ungar Andrea , Parati Gianfranco , Brignole Michele 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
Systolic blood pressure (SBP) drops recorded by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (ABPM) identify patients with susceptibility to reflex syncope and orthostatic intolerance. We tested the hypothesis that treatments aimed to increase BP (reassurance, education, and lifestyle measures plus pharmacological strategies) can reduce SBP drops.

Methods and results
This was a multicentre, observational proof-of-concept study performed in patients with reflex syncope and/or orthostatic intolerance and with SBP drops on a screening ABPM. Among 144 eligible patients, 111 underwent a second ABPM on average 2.5 months after start of treatment. Overall, mean 24-h SBP increased from 114.1 ± 12.1 to 121.4 ± 14.5 mmHg (P &lt; 0.0001). The number of SBP drops &lt;90 and &lt;100 mmHg decreased by 61%, 46% during daytime, and by 48% and 37% during 24-h period, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001 for all). The dose–response relationship between difference in 24-h average SBP increase and reduction in number of SBP drops reached a plateau around ∼15 mmHg increase of 24-h SBP. The reduction in SBP drop rate was consistent and significant in patients who underwent deprescription of hypotensive medications (n = 44) and in patients who received BP-rising drugs (n = 67).

Conclusion
In patients with reflex syncope and/or orthostatic intolerance, an increase in average 24-h SBP, regardless of the implemented strategy, significantly reduced the number of SBP drops and symptom burden. A 13 mmHg increase in 24-h SBP appears to represent the optimal goal for aborting the maximal number of SBP drops, representing a possible target for future interventions.
ClincalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05729724
Extended cost-effectiveness analysis of interventions to improve uptake of diabetes services in South Africa
Authors: Fraser Heather L , Feldhaus Isabelle , Edoka Ijeoma P , Wade Alisha N , Kohli-Lynch Ciaran N , Hofman Karen , Verguet Stéphane 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The rising prevalence of diabetes in South Africa (SA), coupled with significant levels of unmet need for diagnosis and treatment, results in high rates of diabetes-associated complications. Income status is a determinant of utilization of diagnosis and treatment services, with transport costs and loss of wages being key barriers to care. A conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme, targeted to compensate for such costs, may improve service utilization. We applied extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA) methods and used a Markov model to compare the costs, health benefits and financial risk protection (FRP) attributes of a CCT programme. A population was simulated, drawing from SA-specific data, which transitioned yearly through various health states, based on specific probabilities obtained from local data, over a 45-year time horizon. Costs and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were applied to each health state. Three CCT programme strategies were simulated and compared to a ‘no programme’ scenario: (1) covering diagnosis services only; (2) covering treatment services only; (3) covering both diagnosis and treatment services. Cost-effectiveness was reported as incremental net monetary benefit (INMB) using a cost-effectiveness threshold of USD3015 per DALY for SA, while FRP outcomes were reported as catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) cases averted. Distributions of the outcomes were reported by income quintile and sex. Covering both diagnosis and treatment services for the bottom two quintiles resulted in the greatest INMB (USD22 per person) and the greatest CHE cases averted. There were greater FRP benefits for women compared to men. A CCT programme covering diabetes diagnosis and treatment services was found to be cost-effective, when provided to the poorest 40% of the SA population. ECEA provides a useful platform for including equity considerations to inform priority setting and implementation policies in SA.
Prediction Models for Adverse Drug Reactions During Tuberculosis Treatment in Brazil
Authors: Ridolfi Felipe , Amorim Gustavo , Peetluk Lauren S , Haas David W , Staats Cody , Araújo-Pereira Mariana , Cordeiro-Santos Marcelo , Kritski Afrânio L , Figueiredo Marina C , Andrade Bruno B , Rolla Valeria C , Sterling Timothy R ,   for the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis (RePORT)–Brazil Consortium, Benjamin Aline , Sant’Anna Flavia M , de Oliveira Jamile Garcia , Marin João , Rezende Adriana , Carvalho Anna Cristina , Rocha Michael , Nogueira Betânia , Brito Alexandra , Spener Renata , Turner Megan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) treatment–related adverse drug reactions (TB-ADRs) can negatively affect adherence and treatment success rates.

Methods
We developed prediction models for TB-ADRs, considering participants with drug-susceptible pulmonary TB who initiated standard TB therapy. TB-ADRs were determined by the physician attending the participant, assessing causality to TB drugs, the affected organ system, and grade. Potential baseline predictors of TB-ADR included concomitant medication (CM) use, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), age, body mass index (BMI), sex, substance use, and TB drug metabolism variables (NAT2 acetylator profiles). The models were developed through bootstrapped backward selection. Cox regression was used to evaluate TB-ADR risk.

Results
There were 156 TB-ADRs among 102 of the 945 (11%) participants included. Most TB-ADRs were hepatic (n = 82 [53%]), of moderate severity (grade 2; n = 121 [78%]), and occurred in NAT2 slow acetylators (n = 62 [61%]). The main prediction model included CM use, HbA1c, alcohol use, HIV seropositivity, BMI, and age, with robust performance (c-statistic = 0.79 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .74–.83) and fit (optimism-corrected slope and intercept of −0.09 and 0.94, respectively). An alternative model replacing BMI with NAT2 had similar performance. HIV seropositivity (hazard ratio [HR], 2.68 [95% CI, 1.75–4.09]) and CM use (HR, 5.26 [95% CI, 2.63–10.52]) increased TB-ADR risk.

Conclusions
The models, with clinical variables and with NAT2, were highly predictive of TB-ADRs.