bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frictional Resistance Increase Due to Hull Roughness: An Analysis of the Hull Form Parameters Influence
Authors: Hakim Muhammad Luqman , Suastika I Ketut , Utama I Ketut Aria Pria , Purnamasari Dian , Muryadin Muryadin 
Published: November 2023

An awareness of the drag increase brought on by biofouling's roughness on the ship hull is one technique to cut emissions aboard ship. However, predicting the increased drag on ships poses significant challenges. When predicting the rise in frictional resistance brought on by roughness, the hull is considered flat. In fact, ship hulls have a variety of shapes, and it is not certain whether this is a factor influencing the magnitude of the increase in resistance due to roughness. In this article, the effect of the hull's form parameters— (ratio of length per breadth), (coefficient block), and (Length of center buoyancy)—on the increase in frictional resistance brought on by roughness have been investigated. The method used to calculate the ship resistance is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation, complemented by roughness modelling using the wall function approach method. The Design of Experiment (DOE) method has been used to vary the shape of the hull model as a variation of the test specimen in this study. The verification and validation tests have been carried out on the CFD simulation results, where the results have been compared with proven empirical methods. Based on the study results, the value of frictional resistance and increased frictional resistance () of all specimens has shown no significant difference in value, evidenced by the variance values, ranging only 1.57-2.1%. Thus, these results prove that the increase in frictional resistance due to roughness is sufficient to assume the ship's hull as a flat plate. The other finding is that roughness can also increase the pressure resistance, and hull shape parameters also contribute towards changes in the value of resistance.
The Estonian Language and Its Influence on Music: A Cognitive Sciences Approach
Authors:   Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre, Jõks Eerik , Raju Marju ,   Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre
Published: November 2023

Musicology may seem a specific small sector of humanitarian scholarship to the layman, but it hides variety within from highly theoretical subjects such as music theory to the fieldwork with indigenous repertoires and their performance, as found in ethnomusicology. There is a shift in contemporary musicology, its focus moving more towards studies of musical performances and the use of empirical study designs to complement the analysis of musical scores. These interdisciplinary empirical studies cross the border of humanitarian scholarship and apply the methods of the natural sciences, for example spectrogram analysis of singing and the measurement of the temporal structure of recorded music. The cognitive sciences of music (CSM) can be looked at as an umbrella term for branches of musicology that use empirical research methods and draw their research questions from music related individual and group processes. One of the major topics of CSM relates to research in linguistics. Music and language, as well as speech, are closely linked as the human voice is a natural part of vocal music and is considered a quintessential element in musical thinking, vocal and instrumental alike. The music–language–speech relationship intrigues Estonian musicologists as research questions focusing on related topics arise in different fields of musicology, including natural settings and functional songs (musical development, spontaneous singing, runosong, ecclesiastical singing) to the vocal art music performed by professional singers (some chronological examples: Ross & Lehiste 2001; Raju 2015; Lippus & Ross 2017; Jõks 2021; Vurma et al. 2022). The purpose of this referative overview article is to introduce a selection of previous research and discuss the results. The endeavour of the authors is to find an abstract common denominator of selected CSM research projects to establish the most estimable useful knowledge that Estonian CSM has to offer to the international scholarly community, as well as to follow-up research in Estonia. Although we can see the results of that support, and we can see the universal perception and cognitive processes of language and music in Estonian research, there are also several interesting prosodic-musical differences relating to the fact that Estonian belongs to the Uralic language family, more specifically Western Finnish language group. Indo-Germanic (mainly German, Russian, Latin, Italian, and English) language related prosody and singing culture does not necessarily support the natural language usage and therefore represses emotional and spontaneous involvement in singing. It seems that in the process in which Estonian scholars deal with their distinctive mother tongue, indigenous musical repertoires, and idiomatic singing, intuition – more precisely a scholarly intuition –, might play an important role.
Multilingualism in Estonian Poetry
Authors:   University of Tartu, Estonia, Linno Saara Lotta , Lukas Liina ,   University of Tartu, Estonia
Published: November 2023

Apart from Estonian, some other languages – from local dialects to major languages such as German and Russian – have usually also been spoken on the territory of Estonia. As a result, the literary culture of the local (small) language evolved in close contact with some foreign literatures and cultures. However, there is still no thorough analysis of how the historical change in the linguistic situation manifests itself in Estonian literature. Our article aims to draw attention to the multilingual nature of the Estonian literary field by giving a historical survey of the relations, contacts, and intertwining of the languages used in Estonian poetry from the 17th century to the present. To reflect the multiple facets of multilingualism revealed in poetry we mainly use a four-level approach partly based on Jaan Undusk’s typology of Estonian–German cultural contacts, adding the literary field as the level covering whatever is left. Thus, we treat multilingualism as a phenomenon observable within a language, text, author, and literary field. In terms of this study, intralinguistic multilingualism means language mixing in otherwise monolingual poetry, while intratextual multilingualism refers to abrupt transitions from one language to another (code-switching) within a text, and author multilingualism assumes a multilingual poet. Apart from the phenomena just mentioned, multilingualism within literature covers literary subfields in different language variants (for example literature created in South Estonian or Russian, but on Estonian territory). First, we will survey multilingualism in Estonia poetry before the Republic of Estonian was established in 1918, concluding that because German was the major cultural language up to the beginning of the 20th century, all poets, whatever their ethnicity, must have been fluent in two (or more) languages. The second period analysed spans the 20th century. The local Estonian poetry of the Soviet period stands out, with a few exceptions, for consistent use of Estonian, while some expatriate poets would also use English or Swedish. Third, we analyse contemporary poetry, where multilingualism is manifested not only by the use of local minority languages but also through intertwinings with English, Chinese or Japanese, thus giving evidence of an open society. Based on the picture emerging from the article we can say that apart from a historical overview, the multilingualism of Estonian poetry also needs closer poetic analysis.
Weaning Habits and Nutritional Status Determinants among under-5 Children in Nigeria
Authors: Amoran Olorunfemi E.  , Adebayo Omowunmi T.  , James Mautin G. , Sodehinde Kolawole O.  , Ekundayo Adeola A.  , Salako Albert A.  
Published: November 2023

Introduction: High household income may not guarantee a satisfactory nutritional outcome of the children if households are lacking of care, dietary quality and health care access. Malnutrition will persist despite rapid income growth if more effective approach to combat the problem is absent. This study was carried out to determine the influence of correct feeding habits on the nutritional status among under-fives in an urban city in southwestern Nigeria.
Methodology: This was a community based, cross-sectional, descriptive study, investigations such as dietary survey, anthropometry and clinical examination were done. A multistage sampling technique was used in the study. Data were collected via pretested, close ended, interviewer administered questionnaire. The questionnaires obtained from the study were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 20) software program.
Results: A total of 407 participants with the mean age of 26.58 ± 10.10 months were recruited into the study. Exclusive breastfeeding was practiced by 39.8 % of the mothers. About 56.5% of the mothers reported having given their babies the first milk (colostrum). The mean age of weaning off breast was 7.4 ±1.5 months. Immunization coverage among the respondents were BCG- 82.1%, Oral polio= 81.3%, Pentavalent [DPT 3] = 87.2% and Measles=88.7%. The mid upper arm circumference revealed 30(55.6%) of male were at greater risk of malnutrition than female 24(44.4%), while 45(56.1%) of males had severe malnutrition. Mean head circumference for age Z-score test between boys and girls in age group 13 to 24 months [p=0.009, C.I= -0.27-0.19] and 25 to 36 months were significant statistically (p =0.003, - 0.35-0.22). The value for age group 37-48 months was p=0.53, C.I= 0.015-0.59 and p=0.57, C.I= 2.59-1.70 for 49-60 months was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: This study has shown that the mean age of weaning was 7.4 ±1.5 months. It also reported the mean values of head circumference to be significantly lower among girls than boys below 36 months and this may have developmental and nutritional implications in Nigeria and other African countries.
Anthelmintic Potential of Vernonia amygdalina on Toxocara canis in Domesticated Dogs
Authors: Eka Adams, , Emmanuel Ekott, 
Published: November 2023

Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonotic parasitic infection and one route of preventing the disease in dogs and subsequent transmission to humans, especially children, is through treatment with anthelmintic. A study aimed at assessing the anthelmintic efficacy of Vernonia amygdalina leaves extract on Toxocara canis in domesticated dogs was carried out where the proximate and phytochemical components of the leaf extract were determined using the standard method and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, the anthelmintic efficacy was assessed in vitro and in vivo respectively. The study revealed that this plant contained alkaloids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenol and steroids. Lethal concentration (LC50) of 14.83ml/mg at 12 hours and a percentage egg reduction of 84% after 2 weeks was recorded, which revealed that the plant leaves have anthelmintic potential and this could be attributed to the presence of flavonoids which are associated with the treatment of gastric infections and also n-Hexadecanoic acid which accounts for it anthelmintic (nematicidal) effect, alongside Octadecanoic acid which is an anti-inflammatory compound.
Enzymase Activity of Gut Microbes Isolated from the Rugose Spiraling Whitefly Aleurodicus rugioperculatus
Authors: Ameer Pasha, B.  , Muthuraju, R.  , Sivakumar G. 
Published: November 2023

This study investigated the enzymatic diversity among various bacterial isolates of Rugose Spiraling Whitefly (Aleurodicus rugioperculatus), shedding light on their potential industrial applications. Notably, Bacillus cereus (MRSW01) exhibited remarkable amylase and lipase activities, aligning with its reputation as a prominent amylase producer. These enzymes are crucial in the food industry, particularly in starch and lipid degradation processes. Pseudomonas helleri (CHRSW028) demonstrated substantial cellulase activity, essential for breaking down cellulose in plant materials, suggesting its relevance in biofuel production and waste management. Pseudomonas psychrophila (CRSW024) stood out with the highest pectinase and significant lipase activities, both of which find applications in the food and textile industries and the hydrolysis of fats and oils, respectively. Proteus vulgaris strains MRSW05 and CHRSW02 displayed significant amylase, cellulase, and protease activities, making them versatile candidates for various industrial applications, including detergent formulations and bioremediation processes. Conversely, Hafnia paralvei exhibited comparatively lower enzymatic activities, indicating limited industrial potential. The rich enzymatic diversity within these bacterial isolates and highlight their potential contributions to various industrial sectors, ranging from food and textiles to biofuel production and waste management. Such insights can inform the development of biotechnological applications and processes, ultimately benefitting both industrial and environmental domains.
Effects of Health Education on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting among Community Pharmacists in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Osagie Churchhill O. , Nnebue Chinomnso C. , Ezenyeaku Chijioke A. , Okolie Martin N. , Nwafia Abuchi E. , Udigwe Ifeoma B. , Nwabueze Achunam S. , Ubajaka Chika F. 
Published: November 2023

Background: Poor reportage of adverse drug reaction has been linked o. increase in morbidity, mortality and economic burden of diseases and health related conditions.
Objective: To determine the effects of health education on knowledge, attitude and practice of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting among community pharmacists practicing in Anambra State.
Methods: This interventional study was conducted among Community Pharmacists in Anambra State. Simple random samp\ling technique was used. Pre-tested, semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on respondents’ socio-demographics, knowledge of, attitude to and practice of ADR reporting Associations between variables were tested using Chi-square and Binary logistic regression at 5% level of significance. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 23.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 46.5±11.2 years. Post intervention result shows that there was an increase in knowledge of ADR reporting in the intervention group from 52% to 95.3%. There was a decrease in knowledge of ADRs reporting in the control group from 47.3% to44.7%. There was a statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group on their attitude towards ADR reporting (p<0.05). Only 26.7% of the test group had filled a spontaneous reporting ADR form prior to this study compared to 18% from the control group and is associated with the effect of health education intervention.
Conclusions: There was underreporting of ADRs, associated with gaps in the knowledge, attitude and practice among the community pharmacists studied. There is need for focused continuous health education interventions on ADR reporting among them.
Notas para um estudo marxista dos valores adicionados na economia brasileira contemporânea (2010-2021)
Authors: Segura Moraes Leonardo , De Azevedo Raquel 
Published: November 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar algumas observações sobre a economia brasileira contemporânea entre 2010 e 2021, traduzindo para a teoria econômica marxista rubricas da Demonstração de Valor Adicionado (DVA) e do Balanço Patrimonial de uma amostra de 24 empresas que compõem a carteira do Ibovespa. As informações foram obtidas através das bases de dados InvestSite (https://www.investsite.com.br/) e Economatica (https://economatica.com/). Nesse sentido, observamos algumas tendências e contratendências gerais da concorrência real na economia brasileira a partir da formulação empírica dos conceitos de capital constante, capital variável, mais-valia, rotação do capital, preço de custo, preço de produção, taxa de lucro, taxa de mais-valia. Desse modo, esperamos contribuir para uma agenda de pesquisa e mapeamento dos critérios de produção e apropriação da mais-valia no Brasil.
Interfacial Energy Level Alignment and Defect Passivation by Using a Multifunctional Molecular for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ye Yong‐Chun , Chen Li , Chen Xian‐Min , Ma Chun‐Ying , Lv Bing‐Hao , Wang Jiang‐Ying , Dou Wei‐Dong , Zhang Chu , Ma Ting‐Li , Tang Jian‐Xin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTin oxide (SnO2) is currently the dominating electron transport material (ETL) used in state‐of‐the‐art perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, there are amounts of defects distributed at the interface between ETL and perovskite to deteriorate PSC performance. Herein, a molecule bridging layer is built by incorporating 2,5‐dichloroterephthalic acid (DCTPA) into the interface between the SnO2 and perovskites to achieve better energy level alignment and superior interfacial contact. The multifunctional molecular bridging layer not only can passivate the trap states of Sn dangling bonds and oxygen vacancies resulting in improved conductivity and the electron extraction of SnO2 but also can regulate the perovskite crystal growth and reduce defect‐assisted nonradiative recombination due to its strong interaction with undercoordinated lead ions. As a result, the DCTPA‐modified PSCs achieve champion power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 23.25% and 20.23% for an active area of 0.15 cm2 device and 17.52 cm2 mini‐module, respectively. Moreover, the perovskite films and PSCs based on DCTPA modification show excellent long‐term stability. The unencapsulated target device can maintain over 90% of the initial PCE after 1000 h under ambient air. This strategy guides design methods of molecule bridging layer at the interface between SnO2 and perovskite to improve the performance of PSCs .
Fast‐Photocurable, Mechanically Robust, and Malleable Cellulosic Bio‐Thermosets Based on Hindered Urea Bond for Multifunctional Electronics
Authors: Shen Yi , Jia Qianqian , Xu Shijian , Yu Juan , Huang Caoxing , Wang Chunpeng , Lu Chuanwei , Yong Qiang , Wang Jifu , Chu Fuxiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMalleable thermosets as dynamic covalent cross‐linked polymers, simultaneously possessing the advantages of thermosets and thermoplastics, have attracted considerable attention. Although several reprocessing concepts have been demonstrated, the fabrication of fast‐curing bio‐based strong and tough malleable thermosets for advanced applications in electronics remains a great challenge. Herein, a novel construction strategy of combining hindered urea bonds (HUB) and radical polymerization is developed to prepare fast‐photocurable and mechanically robust cellulose‐based malleable bio‐thermosets (CMTs). In this strategy, the functional cellulose macromonomer simultaneously has acrylate groups and HUB is first synthesized and employed as a macro‐crosslinker to react with plant oil‐based monomer to construct the malleable bio‐thermosets with “soft (plant oil‐based polymer)” and “hard (rigid cellulose)” phase architecture through the fast photocuring. The CMTs exhibit excellent flexibility and high toughness (2.89 MJ m−3), and the introduction of dynamic HUB endows the CMTs with excellent malleability and reprocessability by heating compression molding or solvent regeneration, the recovery efficiency reached 94.7%. More impressively, the CMTs can be used as substrates to fabricate CMTs/silver composite for anti‐icing or de‐icing devices, and CMTs‐based capacitive sensors for monitoring environmental humidity or human health. This work paves a new strategy to develop new‐generation fast‐photocurable mechanically robust, malleable bio‐thermosets for multifunctional electronic devices.
Exploring the Surface Oxidation and Environmental Instability of 2H‐/1T’‐MoTe2 Using Field Emission‐Based Scanning Probe Lithography
Authors: Reuter Christoph , Ecke Gernot , Strehle Steffen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn unconventional approach for the resistless nanopatterning 2H‐ and 1T’‐MoTe2 by means of scanning probe lithography is presented. A Fowler–Nordheim tunneling current of low energetic electrons (E = 30–60 eV) emitted from the tip of an atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever is utilized to induce a nanoscale oxidation on a MoTe2 nanosheet surface under ambient conditions. Due to the water solubility of the generated oxide, a direct pattern transfer into the MoTe2 surface can be achieved by a simple immersion of the sample in deionized water. The tip‐grown oxide is characterized using Auger electron and Raman spectroscopy, revealing it consists of amorphous MoO3/MoOx as well as TeO2/TeOx. With the presented technology in combination with subsequent AFM imaging it is possible to demonstrate a strong anisotropic sensitivity of 1T’‐/(Td)‐MoTe2 to aqueous environments. Finally the discussed approach is used to structure a nanoribbon field effect transistor out of a few‐layer 2H‐MoTe2 nanosheet.
Ni‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Homoallylic Coupling: Synthesis of Chiral Branched 1,5‐Dienes Featuring a Quaternary Stereogenic Center and Mechanistic Analysis
Authors: Ghorai Debasish , Garcia‐Roca Aleria , Tóth Balázs L. , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Kleij Arjan W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAsymmetric synthesis of small molecules comprising quaternary stereogenic carbon centers represents a challenging objective. Here regio‐ and enantioselective synthesis of chiral 1,5‐dienes featuring quaternary stereocenters is reported via nickel‐promoted by reductive homoallylic coupling. The developed methodology features an atypical preference for the formation of unusual branched regioisomers (rr >20 : 1) in a sterically challenging allylic substitution event and furnishes the products with enantiomeric ratios of up to 98 : 2 and with high chemo‐ and E‐selectivity. A range of experimental evidences suggest that zinc plays a dual role to generate electrophilic and nucleophilic Ni(II)‐allyl intermediates empowering a unique formal bimetallic cross‐electrophile manifold in two separate kinetic regimes.
Preferential Binding of a Red Emissive Julolidine Derivative to a Promoter G‐Quadruplex
Authors: Metangle Sachin , Ranjan Nihar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe therapeutic potential of G‐quadruplexes has increased significantly with the growing understanding of their functional roles in pathogens apart from human diseases such as cancer. Here, we report the synthesis of three julolidine‐based molecules and their binding to nucleic acids. Among the synthesized molecules, compound 1 exhibited red emissive fluorescence with a distinct preference for Pu22 G‐quadruplex. The binding of compound 1 to Pu22 G‐quadruplex, initially identified through a fluorescence‐based screening, was further confirmed by UV‐vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism‐based experiments. Thermal denaturation of compound 1 in the presence of Pu22 G‐quadruplex revealed a concentration‐dependent stabilization (~10.0 °C at 1 : 3 stoichiometry). Fluorescence‐based experiments revealed 1 : 1 stoichiometry of the interaction and an association constant (Ka) of 5.67×106 M−1. CD experiments displayed that the parallel conformation of the G‐quadruplex was retained on compound 1’s binding and signs of higher order binding/complex formation were observed at high compound 1 to DNA ratio. Molecular docking studies revealed the dominance of stacking and van der Waals interactions in the molecular recognition which was aided by some close‐distance interactions involving the quinolinium nitrogen atom.