bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observational signatures of forming young massive clusters: continuum emission from dense H ii regions
Authors: Inoguchi Mutsuko , Hosokawa Takashi , Fukushima Hajime , Tanaka Kei E I , Yajima Hidenobu , Mineshige Shin 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Young massive clusters (YMCs) are the most massive star clusters forming in nearby galaxies and are thought to be a young analogue to the globular clusters. Understanding the formation process of YMCs leads to looking into very efficient star formation in high-redshift galaxies suggested by recent JWST observations. We investigate possible observational signatures of their formation stage, particularly when the mass of a cluster is increasing via accretion from a natal molecular cloud. To this end, we study the broad-band continuum emission from ionized gas and dust enshrouding YMCs, whose formation is followed by recent radiation hydrodynamics simulations. We perform post-process radiative transfer calculations using simulation snapshots and find characteristic spectral features at radio and far-infrared frequencies. We show that a striking feature is long-lasting, strong free–free emission from a ∼10-pc-scale H ii region with a large emission measure of ≳107 cm−6 pc, corresponding to the mean electron density of ≳103 cm−3. There is a turnover feature below ∼10 GHz, a signature of the optically thick free–free emission, often found in Galactic ultracompact H ii regions. These features come from the peculiar YMC formation process, where the cluster’s gravity effectively traps photoionized gas for a long duration and enables continuous star formation within the cluster. Such large and dense H ii regions show distinct distribution on the density–size diagram, apart from the standard sequence of Galactic H ii regions. This is consistent with the observational trend inferred for extragalactic H ii regions associated with YMCs.
EndoQuad: a comprehensive genome-wide experimentally validated endogenous G-quadruplex database
Authors: Qian Sheng Hu , Shi Meng-Wei , Xiong Yu-Li , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Ze-Hao , Song Xue-Mei , Deng Xin-Yin , Chen Zhen-Xia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are non-canonical four-stranded structures and are emerging as novel genetic regulatory elements. However, a comprehensive genomic annotation of endogenous G4s (eG4s) and systematic characterization of their regulatory network are still lacking, posing major challenges for eG4 research. Here, we present EndoQuad (https://EndoQuad.chenzxlab.cn/) to address these pressing issues by integrating high-throughput experimental data. First, based on high-quality genome-wide eG4s mapping datasets (human: 1181; mouse: 24; chicken: 2) generated by G4 ChIP-seq/CUT&Tag, we generate a reference set of genome-wide eG4s. Our multi-omics analyses show that most eG4s are identified in one or a few cell types. The eG4s with higher occurrences across samples are more structurally stable, evolutionarily conserved, enriched in promoter regions, mark highly expressed genes and associate with complex regulatory programs, demonstrating higher confidence level for further experiments. Finally, we integrate millions of functional genomic variants and prioritize eG4s with regulatory functions in disease and cancer contexts. These efforts have culminated in the comprehensive and interactive database of experimentally validated DNA eG4s. As such, EndoQuad enables users to easily access, download and repurpose these data for their own research. EndoQuad will become a one-stop resource for eG4 research and lay the foundation for future functional studies.
PacBio sequencing of human fecal samples uncovers the DNA methylation landscape of 22 673 gut phages
Authors: Ding Yanqiang , Zhao Liuyang , Wang Guoping , Shi Yu , Guo Gang , Liu Changan , Chen Zigui , Coker Olabisi Oluwabukola , She Junjun , Yu Jun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Gut phages have an important impact on human health. Methylation plays key roles in DNA recognition, gene expression regulation and replication for phages. However, the DNA methylation landscape of gut phages is largely unknown. Here, with PacBio sequencing (2120×, 4785 Gb), we detected gut phage methylation landscape based on 22 673 gut phage genomes, and presented diverse methylation motifs and methylation differences in genomic elements. Moreover, the methylation rate of phages was associated with taxonomy and host, and N6-methyladenine methylation rate was higher in temperate phages than in virulent phages, suggesting an important role for methylation in phage-host interaction. In particular, 3543 (15.63%) phage genomes contained restriction-modification system, which could aid in evading clearance by the host. This study revealed the DNA methylation landscape of gut phage and its potential roles, which will advance the understanding of gut phage survival and human health.
GLIOMA-07 E.R.A.S. IN NEURO-ONCOLOGY
Authors: Moro Mario 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
We performed a retrospective study assesses the efficacy and safety of a protocol for the enhanced recovery after surgery for supratentorial gliomas and metastasis.The protocol applied to the Ca' Foncello Hospital in Treviso starts from the recommendations on the subject that the medical literature reported up to December 2018.Briefly, three main sections:1) preoperative functional status evaluation, preoperative oral carbohydrate loading; 2) minimally invasive surgery, scalp incision anesthesia, nonopioid analgesia; 3) early urinary-catheter removal, standing and feeding resumption within 3-4 hours from surgery.

METHODS
We analyzed data on 28 patients operated on ERAS protocol and compared them to a control group (22 patients). The main clinical variables are: age, ASA and Charlson comorbidity index; times urinary-catether removal, adherence ambulation, taking food by mouth; hospital long of stay (LOS). We also collected studies from 2016 to 2020 describing data about ERAS and craniotomy and we pooled these into a meta-analysis.

RESULTS
Postoperative pain was significantly lower in the ERAS group (2.47 vs. 3.95, p-value=0.0007)) as long as time to removal of urinary catheter (3.1 vs. 25.0 hours, p-value &lt; 0.001), adherence to ambulation (4 vs. 25 hours, p-value &lt; 0.001), and first oral solid food intake (5.3 hours vs. 23.7 hours, p-value &lt; 0.001). The mean LOS was 2.9 days in the ERAS group and 4.8 days in the control group (p-value &lt; 0.001), and no differences in terms of surgical and medical complications, 30 days readmission rate, and time between surgery and RT were found. Our data are in line with those reported in the literature as highlighted by our meta-analysis, where hospital LOS and moderate to severe postoperative pain rates (&gt; 4 points on NPRS) were significantly lower in ERAS patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Our protocol for ERAS in neuro-oncology appears to have significant benefits over conventional management: it may accelerate functional recovery and decrease length of stay
GLIOMA-12 GLIOSARCOMA: A SERIES OF FOUR CASES TREATED
Authors: Drogba Landry , Djonde Grace , Nitcheu Igor , Gbazi Marc , Meuga Innocent , Diaby Raissa , Oka Dominique Ndri 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Gliosarcoma is a rare central nervous system malignancy, characterized by classical biphasic histological pattern with both glial and sarcomatous component. It usually affects fifth and sixth decade of life with slight male preponderance. In this report, we reviewed the clinical and radiological presentation, pathologic diagnosis, and treatment outcomes for a series of 4 patients diagnosed with gliosarcoma.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
We carried out a retrospective analysis of four patients with gliosarcoma diagnosed between March 2019 and March 2023. Demographic data, clinicopathological data, treatment strategies employed, details of recurrence, and survival patterns are reviewed.

RESULTS
Four patients, males, respectively aged of 56, 39, 54 and 57 years, presented with signs and symptoms consistent with an expanding intracranial mass,including headache, seizure, hemiparesis. Median duration of presenting symptoms was 3.5 months. The tumor was located in temporo-parieto-occipital region, fronto-parietal region, fronto-temporal region, and temporal region. All patients underwent craniotomy with attempt to achieve gross total surgical resection. Unfortunately, total resection could be achieved in only two patients; remaining two patients underwent subtotal resection. Surgery was followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and temozolomide-based chemotherapy for three patients. All patients died at 1 week, 6 months, 7 months and 10 months.

CONCLUSION
As gliosarcoma is considered as a variant of glioblastoma, it is treated similarly to glioblastoma but optimum treatment recommendations are yet to be defined. In this series, we have reported four cases of gliosarcoma who have been treated on the lines of glioblastoma. The prognosis is still poor despite aggressive surgical resection and adjuvant multi-modality therapy is given.
METASTASES-01 OUTCOME OF BRAIN METASTASES TREATED WITH GAMMA KNIFE STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY (GKSR): COHORT RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON 205 CASES
Authors: Bankole Nourou Dine Adeniran , Melhaoui Adyl , Arkha Yasser , Afaf Semmar , Bouyakhlef Khalid , Boutarbouch Mahjouba , Jiddane Mohamed , El Khamlichi Abdeslam 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common expansive intracranial lesions in adults. Approximately 50% of patients diagnosed with new brain metastases have more than one brain metastasis at the time of diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE
We report our experience of brain metastases treated with GKSR and evaluate the outcome.

METHODS
Patients treated by Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKSR) in our institution between 2008 and 2021 for BM were recorded retrospectively.

RESULTS
A total of 205 patients (56.6% females) were included, with a median age of 59 (25-83) years old. Breast (n=85, 42.5%) and lung (n=76, 38%) were the common original locations for the primary tumors (Table 1). There were 103 patients (50.3%) with single BM and 102 patients (49.7%) with multiple BM⩾2. The median number of multiple BM treated was 4 (2-43). The overall mean survival time was 6.00(95% CI, 5.07-6.93) months for all BM. The median percentage of tumor control after radiosurgery treatment was 65% (20-99) over the median follow-up time of 6.00(3-84) months. In the overall population, the 1-year OS rate was 37.55%, the 2-year OS rate was 25.12%, and the 5-year OS was 18.51%. The mean survival time among patients with BM was higher in those with multiple BM than those with single BM ([10 (95%CI 6.67-13.33) months vs 5(4.21-5.70) months, P (0.03)]). Retreatment, tumor stability (control), and progression influence the overall survival of BM, whether single or multiple (P&lt;0.001).

CONCLUSION
Stereotaxic Radiosurgery provides good results in terms of Overall survival and better Quality of Life for BM, whether single or multiple. Stability and retreatment influenced the overall survival of BM.
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH-03 MULTIPLE MECHANISMS MODULATE TEMOZOLOMIDE RESISTANCE AND ARE POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR GLIOBLASTOMA THERAPY.
Authors: Kitange Gaspar , Sarkaria Jann 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the only drug currently been used for treatment of newly diagnosed GBM patients but the benefit from this agent has been hampered by the primary and secondary resistance. Thus, there is a strong need for uncovering the mechanisms of TMZ resistance. The DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) is the main driver of primary TMZ resistance and lacking MGMT expression due to promoter hypermethylation has been associated with a significant survival prolongation. However, the MGMT-independent resistance mechanisms remain poorly understood. To investigate TMZ resistance mechanisms, we developed in vivo TMZ resistant models using GBM patient derived xenografts (PDXs) by treating animals bearing flank PDXs with clinically relevant 3-cyles of TMZ. The recurrent tumors were all resistant to TMZ through multiple mechanisms, including MGMT re-expression, elevated homologous recombination (HR) and/or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair activities, and loss of mismatch repair (MMR). However, other tumors developed resistance due to unknown mechanisms. To identify novel modulators of TMZ sensitivity, we performed genome wide screening using shRNA library, and we identified over 600 druggable targets. Validation experiments identified RBBP4 gene as one of the candidates involved in TMZ sensitivity. Silencing RBBP4 in GBM cells sensitized both MGMT-methylated and -unmethylated GBM cells to TMZ. Mechanistically, RBBP4 interacts with p300 to form a chromatin remodeling complex that control expression of DNA damage repair genes, and silencing RBBP4 or p300 significantly blocked the recovery of TMZ induced DNA double strand breaks causing cell death. We also found the nuclear pore exporter XPO1 is the modulator of TMZ sensitivity, and the XPO1 inhibitor Selinexor is currently being evaluated for GBM treatment in a clinical trial. Collectively, our work has uncovered multiple mechanisms of TMZ resistance that are potential targets for GBM therapy.
The fetus as patient
Authors: Boué André , Muller F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Twenty years ago, in utero fetal examination was done by tape measure and wooden stethoscope. Ultrasound, introduced by Ian Donald, was, at that time, a technology of mediocre quality and was little used. In 1972, Campbell et al. made the first ultrasound diagnosis: anencephaly. In 1967-68 the first prenatal diagnoses using laboratory techniques had been achieved: diagnosis of chromosomal anomalies using cells from amniotic fluid, diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism, and diagnosis of primary rubella virus infection by measurement of IgM-specific antibodies in maternal blood. (See for example Jacobson and Barter, 1967; Vesikan and Vaheri, 1968.)
Ultrasound Indications for Laboratory Testing
Authors: Boué André , Muller F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fortuitous finding of anomaly on ultrasound examination is a frequent indication for laboratory analyses which are increasingly indispensable in the appropriate management of cases. In terms of diagnosis, the indication may be for diagnosis of cause (e.g. chromosomal anomaly), or for more precise diagnosis (e.g. acetylcholinesterase for neural tube defect).
Disorders of the cerebral circulation
Authors: Bannister Sir Roger 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Disorders of the cerebral circulation are the commonest neurological disorders of middle age and old age because the cells of the brain can only function for a few minutes at the most if their oxygen or glucose supply is reduced below a critical level. Stroke, the lay term for a vascular incident causing disability, whether occlusive or haemorrhagic, afflicts about 1 per cent of our population and a quarter of these are below the age of 65, though stroke is uncommon under the age of 40. In one prospective study 60 per cent of strokes were due to atheroma and thrombosis, 15 per cent to haemorrhage, and 15 per cent to embolism.
Parkinsonism and movement disorders
Authors: Bannister Sir Roger 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When abnormalities of movement or posture result from dysfunction of parts of the brain other than the corticospinal pathways or cerebellum they are generally classified as movement disorders. The principal structures involved are the basal ganglia or central grey matter of the cerebrum. Diseases of the basal ganglia are associated with changes in distribution and concentration of neurotransmitter substances and are classified into those disorders associated with a reduction or slowness of movement (hypokinesia) or an excess of involuntary movement (hyperkinesia).
Disorders of the spinal cord
Authors: Bannister Sir Roger 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The spinal cord lies within the vertebral canal, extending from the foramen magnum, where it is continuous with the medulla oblongata, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra (see Fig. 18.1). The concept of segmentation of the spinal cord is based upon the fact that the ventral and dorsal root filaments unite at intervals to form on either side a dorsal or posterior root, upon which is situated a ganglion, and a ventral or anterior root. One ventral and the corresponding dorsal root on one side join together just distally to the dorsal root ganglion to form a spinal nerve (see Fig. 18.2). Thus from each side there arises a series of spinal nerves, and the spinal cord is regarded as divided into segments, one corresponding to each pair of spinal nerves.
Neurological syndromes and associated malignant diseases
Authors: Bannister Sir Roger 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An increasing variety of neurological syndromes has been recognized. in association with malignant disease. These are not due to direct invasion or metastasis and consist of two groups of reactions. The first are remote effects due to factors which are known, such as hypocalcaemia, hypoglycaemia, or, in one interesting example, inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production. In this, usually associated with an oat cell bronchial carcinoma, the clinical picture is one of lethargy, confusion, and even epileptic fits and coma. The cause is inappropriate production of ADH thought to be secreted by the oat cell bronchial carcinoma leading to a low plasma sodium (below 110 E/1) and a low plasma osmolality, in the presence of high urinary osmolality. If the tumour cannot be removed, treatment is attempted either by water restriction or by causing a water diuresis with fludrocortisone.
Physical mechanisms of fatigue
Authors: Wessely Professor Simon , Hotopf Dr Matthew , Sharpe Dr Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with the mechanism of fatigue in health and disease. As we saw in Chapter 1, fatigue may be conceptualized as either a decrement in performance or as a feeling. This book is concerned with the latter definition of fatigue, and apart from a brief excursion into the physiology of muscle fatigue, the main focus of this chapter is on fatigue as a feeling.
From neurasthenia to CFS
Authors: Wessely Professor Simon , Hotopf Dr Matthew , Sharpe Dr Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Much of the early part of this book concerned fatigue as a symptom. With the introduction of neurasthenia came the concept of fatigue as the principal symptom of a diagnostic entity. This chapter describes the origins of the latest disease of abnormal fatigue and fatigability, chronic fatigue syndrome, and its variants.
CFS: muscles and nerves
Authors: Wessely Professor Simon , Hotopf Dr Matthew , Sharpe Dr Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When considering the history of neurasthenia, we have seen how the early models of the physical nature of the illness considered that fatigue was of peripheral, neuro muscular origin, but these were superseded by concepts of fatigue resulting from central nervous system dysfunction. At least part of the same progression can be observed in studies of CFS. Initially, particularly in the United Kingdom, suggested aetiologies of CFS revolved around possible neuromuscular dysfunction. This is not surprising - patients are clearly limited in the amount of physical activity they can undertake, and are ‘only too aware of the muscle pain or ache located only too painfully in the muscle’’. It is therefore reasonable to suggest that such symptoms and disabilities have a primary neuromuscular cause. A considerable body of literature now exists to address this question.
Other chronic fatigue syndromes
Authors: Wessely Professor Simon , Hotopf Dr Matthew , Sharpe Dr Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This book is about chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). However, CFS is not the only chronic fatigue syndrome. We have already made frequent reference to other disorders characterized by similar symptoms. When bowel symptoms are prominent in a subject with chronic fatigue, irritable bowel syndrome is a likely diagnosis; when muscle pain is prominent, the result may be fibromyalgia; and when chest pain and breathlessness are important complaints, effort syndrome may be diagnosed.
Treatment of CFS: the evidence
Authors: Wessely Professor Simon , Hotopf Dr Matthew , Sharpe Dr Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It is hard to imagine any illness for which more unproven remedies have been advocated with greater enthusiasm than CFS. Contemplating the extensive popular literature1-6 one is struck by the range of treatments advocated: from aspirin to aromatherapy, antidepressants to acupuncture, and magnesium to massage. It is striking how often these books plead for a holistic approach, rightly complaining that modern medicine often focuses too much on diseases instead of the individual, but then falling into the same trap. Many of the treatments recommended are based only on anecdotal improvements some sufferers have made, or on unproven theories of immune dysfunction, candida infestations, dietary deficiencies, and so on. Very little treatment advice is based on the results of randomized controlled trials. Much the same could also be said about the medical management of CFS.
Maternal-fetal conflicts: ethical and policy issues
Authors: Cohen Wayne R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One of the great appeals of obstetrics for its practitioners and its aspirants is that medical decision-making affects simultaneously the well-being of mother and fetus. This duality confers a pattern of complexity on clinical problem-solving that is often intriguing and provocative. From this unique quality of obstetrics a number of abstruse challenges to modern bioethics have emerged.
Organ transplantation
Authors: Peabody Joyce L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Case 1: Baby J. was born at term to a Gravida 2, Para 1, Ab 0, 24-year-old white female. The pregnancy was uneventful and labor and delivery proceeded well. Apgars were 9 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes respectively. The baby was admitted to the normal newborn nursery of a small community hospital. Routine care was administered and the infant began breast-feeding shortly after birth. Mother, father, and a two-year-old brother were all ecstatic regarding the new addition to their family. Both sets of grandparents were notified of the new arrival and immediately booked plane reservations to visit and to begin spoiling their new granddaughter. Two days following the delivery, the obstetrician and pediatrician discharged the mother and newborn to home, with follow-up appointments at one week for routine post-partum and pediatric care. However, on the morning of the planned discharge, Baby J. demonstrated perioral cyaliosis during breast-feeding. The nursing staff reassured the mother that this was not uncommon and notified the pediatrician. The pediatrician decided to keep the infant in the hospital for an additional day of observation. Throughout the day, episodes of central cyanosis developed, and a chest radiograph demonstrated an enlarged heart. By evening, the infant was refusing all feedings and had developed a metabolic acidosis. The pediatrician requested transfer of the infant to the nearby tertiary-care medical center for further evaluation. Soon after admission, an echocardiogram demonstrated the findings of hypoplastic left-heart syndrome. The cardiologist and neonatologist called the family and scheduled an appointment to discuss their findings and the options for treatment. One hour later the neonatologist was informed that the parents and both sets of grandparents were anxiously awaiting the physicians in the family waiting-room.