bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AMNIOTIC FLUID LECITHIN/SPHINGOMYELIN RATIO IN PREGNANCY COMPLICATED BY DIABETES
Authors: Dahlenburg G. W. , Martin F. I. R. , Jeffrey P. E. , Horacek I. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio in the amniotic fluid of 57 patients attending an antenatal diabetic clinic was determined. The L/S ratio in Class A, B and C patients (White, 1965) showed a similar rise with gestation to non‐diabetic patients; 89 per cent in this group had an L/S ratio above 2:1, but of these 27 per cent developed mild or moderate respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). In Class D, F and R diabetic patients there was a little correlation of the L/S ratio with gestational age and in this group 55 per cent of the infants developed some form of RDS. The value of measuring amniotic fluid L/S ratios in the diabetic pregnancy is questioned.
PREVENTION OF RHESUS ISOIMMUNIZATION WITH INTRAVENOUS ANTI‐D GAMMAGLOBULIN
Authors: Börner P. , Deicher H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe prevention of rhesus isoimmunization was studied in 2247 rhesus negative mothers given varying intravenous doses of gammaglobulin (IgG) anti‐D post partum. The results obtained show that 240 μg of IgG anti‐D affords excellent protection, if the efficacy of prophylaxis is monitored by a single fetal cell count at 72 hours after injection, and further doses of immunoglobulin are given in the few cases where fetal red cells remain in the circulation.
BACTERIAL MOTILITY AND INTRAUTERINE CATHETER‐BORNE INFECTION
Authors: Roberts A. M. , Steer P. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIt has been suggested that monitoring of uterine activity by placement of intrauterine catheters can cause an increase in maternal and fetal infection. The ways in which intrauterine catheters could transmit infection have been investigated. The risk of infection occurs primarily during placement of the catheter, although a risk also exists if bacterial nutrients are present in the fluid filling the catheter. Recommendations are made to minimize these risks.
THE EFFECT OF INDOMETHACIN ON PLASMA LEVELS OF PROSTAGLANDIN F2α IN WOMEN IN LABOUR
Authors: Zuckerman H. , Reiss U. , Atad J. , Lampert I. , Ezra S. Ben , Sklan D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryProstaglandin F2αwas measured by means of radioimmunoassay in the serum of women in the active phase of term labour before and after rectal indomethacin administration. Samples of blood were collected every 20 or 30 seconds, between and during contractions. There was a significant decrease of the level of PGF2α in plasma 30 to 60 minutes after indomethacin administration, but the pattern of rapid short‐term fluctuations in prostaglandin levels was unaltered.
THE EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS AND ORAL SALBUTAMOL ON FETUS AND MOTHER IN PREMATURE LABOUR
Authors: Dawson A. M. , Davies H. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySalbutamol was administered intravenously to 14 patients in premature labour. Inhibition of uterine contractions occurred on 22 out of 23 occasions. The mean increase in maternal and fetal heart rate and blood pressure were within clinically acceptable limits but there were wide individual variations. The mean delay achieved when the intravenous regime was supplemented with oral salbutamol was greater than that achieved by intravenous salbutamol alone, but the difference was not statistically significant.
MATERNAL SERUM ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN AND SPONTANEOUS ABORTION
Authors: Wald N. , Barker Sheila , Cuckle H. , Brock D. J. H. , Stirrat G. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe relationship between spontaneous abortion and maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) levels was investigated between 9 and 25 weeks of pregnancy. Seven out of 126 (5·6 per cent) women who had spontaneous abortions had raised maternal serum AFP levels at their antenatal booking visit compared to 4 out of 247 (1·6 per cent) control patients who were delivered of single liveborn infants, a statistically significant difference. The raised AFP concentrations were, however, associated with spontaneous abortion only if the serum samples had been taken immediately before, or at sometime after the abortion was first clinically suspected. This suggests that high levels do not predict the development of abortion in women who have not already threatened to abort. It is therefore unlikely that women who who have not already threatened to abort. Therefore, when maternal serum AFP levels are used to screen for fetal neural tube defects, women referred for a diagnostic amniocentesis on account of a high level are unlikely to have been selected on the basis of a tendency to abort.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PLASMA 17β‐OESTRADIOL, PROGESTERONE, PLACENTAL LACTOGEN AND CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN ABORTION INDUCED WITH INTRA‐AMNIOTIC PROSTAGLANDIN F2χ
Authors: Ward R. H. T. , Whyley G. A. , Fairweather D. V. I. , Allen E. I. , Chard T. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial estimations were made in plasma of 17β‐oestradiol (E2), progesterone and human placental lactogen (HPL) in 43 patients and of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in 34 patients during mid‐trimester abortions induced with intra‐amniotic prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). Mean plasma concentrations of all the hormones showed a progressive fall after PGF2α. There was no relationship between the fall in levels of progesterone, HPL and HCG and the induction‐abortion interval, signs of fetal distress or of intrauterine fetal death. Both the control level and the rate of fall of E2 were related to the induction‐abortion interval and a rapid decline preceded intrauterine fetal death. The relationships of the progesterone/E2 ratio and the amniotic fluid volume/progesterone ratio to the induction‐abortion interval were examined. The variation in the time at which significant falls in the concentration of individual hormones occurred was probably related to their respective half‐lives in plasma.
β‐HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN AND CARCINO‐EMBRYONIC ANTIGEN IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OVARIAN CARCINOMA
Authors: Stone M. , Bagshawe K. D. , Kardana A. , Searle F. , Dent J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMeasurements of HCG and carcino‐embryonic antigen (CEA) were made in 26 patients with ovarian cancer to evaluate these substances as tumour markers; 13·4 per cent of 194 CEA estimations and 14·6 per cent of 144 HCG estimations were abnormal. CEA values were abnormal in 9 out of 26 patients and HCG values in 13 out of 26 patients. The implications of these findings particularly the presence of HCG are discussed.
TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY WITH METHYLDOPA: BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL AND SIDE EFFECTS
Authors: Redman C. W. G. , Beilin L. J. , Bonnar J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA total of 242 women with moderate hypertension in pregnancy completed a controlled trial of methyldopa (Aldomet). The hypotensive effect of methyldopa was similar to its action in non‐pregnant individuals and greatly reduced the frequency of severe hypertension occurring antenatally and in labour. As pregnancy advanced, an increasing daily dose of methyldopa was needed and there was a greater use of additional hypotensive therapy. Seventeen (14·5 per cent) women assigned to methyldopa had to be transferred to another drug or had to stop treatment completely because of minor side effects, of which the commonest were lack of energy and dizziness. No serious side effects were encountered. Nine per cent of the untreated women developed severe hypertension which required treatment later in their pregnancies. Six weeks after delivery, nearly all the patients were able to stop treatment
ERYTHROCYTE 2,3‐DIPHOSPHOGLYCERATE AND ASSOCIATED HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND PREGNANCY
Authors: Macdonald R. G. , Macdonald H. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryErythrocyte 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG) and associated haematological parameters were measured throughout the normal menstrual cycle, in each trimester of pregnancy and on the third day post partum. There was no significant change during the menstrual cycle but the 2,3‐DPG concentration was increased early in pregnancy, and thereafter gradually decreased. Although other metabolic changes are likely to contribute to the increase in 2,3‐DPG concentration, it is concluded that ‘functional anaemia’, secondary to increased oxygen demand, is a more important stimulus than the decrease in haemoglobin concentration. The implications of a decreased oxygen affinity of haemoglobin, secondary to the rise in 2,3‐DPG concentration, are discussed in relation to anaemia and blood transfusion in pregnancy.
FERRTTIN AS AN ASSESSMENT OF IRON STORES IN NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Kelly Anne M. , Macdonald D. J. , McNay Margaret B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn Glasgow, the iron stores in healthy women and in normal pregnant women on prophylactic iron supplementation have been assessed by measurement of plasma ferritin. Ferritin concentration fell progressively to a low level in late pregnancy suggesting that the average iron store was inadequate to meet the demands of pregnancy and that dietary iron supplements were therefore required. There was no evidence that iron supplementation led to excessive iron stores.
TREATMENT OF PREGNANCY SICKNESS
Authors: Wheatley D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA double‐blind comparison was undertaken between Debendox with 10mg of extra pyridoxine and placebo with 10mg of pyridoxine, in 56 women suffering from nausea and/or vomiting during the first 10 weeks of pregnancy. The results of treatment were assessed on the patient's own daily records of the time of nausea, the frequency of nausea, and the severity of nausea, retching and vomiting. There were statistically significant differences in favour of Debendox with extra pyridoxine in respect of the days of nausea all day (P<0·02), the severity of nausea (P<0·05) and the severity of retching (P<0·05).
EFFECT OF LABOUR ON THE LECITHIN/SPHINGOMYELIN RATIO IN SERIAL SAMPLES OF AMNIOTIC FLUID
Authors: Whittle M. J. , Hill C. M. , Harkes A. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial samples of amniotic fluid were taken from 48 patients during labour. The lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio was estimated and found to rise in 52 per cent, remain almost unchanged in 33 per cent and fall in 15 per cent. The rate of rise in the L/S ratio seemed inversely related to the length of labour.
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL MACROCYTOSIS OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Chanarin I. , McFadyen I. R. , Kyle R. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySixty‐four healthy women were followed during normal pregnancies in which they took supplements of iron or iron+folate or an inactive placebo. The red cell size increased in those patients receiving iron alone or iron+folate. The group on the inactive placebo who received no supplemental iron had red cells of constant size and a falling serum iron. Nineteen women not included in the trial developed macrocytosis during pregnancy: marrow samples from these showed normoblastic erythropoiesis in 18 and minor megaloblastic changes in one. Macrocytosis developing during pregnancy is a physiological change in the majority of cases.
COLPOSCOPIC EVALUATION OF PREGNANT PATIENTS WITH ABNORMAL CERVICAL SMEARS
Authors: Benedet J. L. , Boyes D. A. , Nichols T. M. , Mlllner A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryColposcopic examination and biopsy were used to assess 123 pregnant patients presenting with abnormal cervical smears. Eighty‐seven per cent were 30 years of age or less and 95 (77 per cent) had had one or no previous children. Two patients were found to have microinvasive carcinoma and, in an additional 95 patients, either severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ was present. Fifty‐five patients (45 per cent) had subsequent conization or hysterectomy and in no instance was the histological diagnosis more serious than that anticipated from the colposcopic evaluation. Only three patients (1·6 per cent) had a cone biopsy during pregnancy; only one minor complication occurred. Colposcopic examination is the choice method of evaluating patients with abnormal cervical smears in pregnancy.
THE EXCRETION OF γ‐GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Noble M. C. B. , Landon M. J. , Davison J. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA cross‐sectional study of γ‐glutamyl transferase (γ‐GT) excretion in 316 healthy pregnant women showed the enzyme excretion (mU per mmol creatinine) was significantly higher than that of a non‐pregnant control group. The increase was apparent before the end of the first trimester and continued thereafter. These changes may be indicative of hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of the nephron and be part of the overall renal adaptation to normal pregnancy. Even higher levels were recorded in three obstetric patients in whom renal complications were to be expected and this may indicate a specific type of renal damage.
CARBOHYDRATE TOLERANCE IN THE PUERPERIUM DURING SUPPRESSION OF LACTATION WITH BROMOCRIPTINE AND OESTROGENS
Authors: Peters F. D. , Roemer V. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe influence of bromocriptine on carbohydrate tolerance in the puerperium was examined and its effects compared with those of an oestrogenic compound. Sixteen patients were studied in each group. The controls consisted of 16 women who were breast‐feeding. Compared with the controls, no significant difference was found in the oral glucose tolerance test in patients who had oestrogen, but blood glucose values in women receiving bromocriptine were significantly lower. Inhibition of lactation with bromocriptine may obscure abnormal glucose tolerance.
A STUDY OF PLASMA DIAZEPAM LEVELS IN MOTHER AND INFANT
Authors: Gamble J. A. S. , Moore J. , Lamki H. , Howard P. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA 10 mg dose of diazepam was given intravenously to mothers at 15 to 205 minutes before delivery, and plasma diazepam concentrations were measured by gas‐liquid chromatography in mothers and infants at delivery and again 24 hours later. The plasma levels in the infants were always significantly higher than in the mothers but there was no evidence to suggest that the newborn were unable to metabolize the drug. All infants had a good Apgar score at birth.
THE EFFECTS OF INTRAMUSCULAR NORETHISTERONE OENANTHATE USED AS A CONTRACEPTIVE ON INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND ON BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS VII AND X
Authors: Howard Geraldine , Myatt L. , Elder M. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIntravenous glucose tolerance tests, and estimations of prothrombin time, and plasma coagulation factors VII and X, were made on 12 women receiving 200 mg norethisterone oenanthate intramuscularly as a contraceptive. These estimations were made before, and at 2 and 12 weeks after, a single injection of norethisterone oenanthate. There was no significant effect on the intravenous glucose tolerance, prothrombin time, or on plasma coagulation factors VII and X, further confirming the safety of norethisterone oenanthate when used as a short‐term injectable contraceptive.
TROPHOBLASTIC TUMOUR, ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE THERAPY AND PREGNANCY ASSOCIATED ALPHA2‐GLYCOPROTEIN (PAAG), CASE REPORT
Authors: Teisner B. , Mogensen B. , Folkersen J. , Svehag S‐E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPregnancy associated alpha2‐glycoprotein (PAAG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) levels were studied in a patient with an invasive mole who was being treated with cytotoxic drugs and oral contraceptives. Both the PAAG and HCG levels fell during cytotoxic drug treatment while oral contraceptives caused a rise in PAAG concentrations. A relation between oestrogen‐induced PAAG and prolonged survival of trophoblastic tumour is proposed.
RISK OF PRE‐TERM DELIVERY IN PATIENTS WITH PREVIOUS PRE‐TERM DELIVERY AND/OR ABORTION
Authors: Keirse M. J. N. C. , Rush R. W. , Anderson A. B. M. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPatients with a history of two or more pregnancies which ended spontaneously before 37 weeks gestation had an increased risk of spontaneous pre‐term labour and delivery in future pregnancies. This increased risk related mainly to previous second trimester abortions and not to previous first trimester abortions. Patients with one previous spontaneous pre‐term labour and delivery had a 37 per cent risk, and those with two or more pre‐term deliveries a 70 per cent risk of again delivering pre‐term. There appeared to be no beneficial effect of cervical suture on the incidence of pre‐term delivery in these patients.
PROSTAGLANDINS IN THE HUMAN UMBILICAL CIRCULATION AT BIRTH
Authors: Mitchell M. D. , Brunt J. , Bibby J. , Flint A. P. F. , Anderson A. B. M. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryProstaglandin E (PGE), prostaglandin F (PGF) and 13, 14‐dihydro‐15‐keto‐prostaglandin F (PGFM) have been measured in umbilical cord plasma obtained immediately after delivery of the baby before clamping of the cord. In general the prostaglandin levels followed the pattern PGFM>PGE>PGF. A significant arterio‐venous difference was demonstrated only for PGE with raised venous levels (P<0.01). In cord blood samples obtained from infants whose mothers had received epidural anaesthesia, no arterio‐venous difference for PGE could be demonstrated although the mean levels were not significantly different from controls. The concentrations of prostaglandins in Umbilical cord plasma proximal to the placenta were found to rise continuously from the time of delivery of the baby with no significant changes after cord clamping or placental delivery. The possible physiological significance of these findings is discussed.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARACHIDONIC ACID IN PLASMA AND TISSUES OF PATIENTS NEAR TERM UNDERGOING ELECTIVE OR EMERGENCY CAESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Filshie G. M. , Anstey M. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe distribution of arachidonic acid in both the free and the bound state was measured in the maternal circulation, the fetal circulation and tissues within the pregnant uterus in 16 patients undergoing Caesarean section. Half of the patients had an elective Caesarean section and half had a Caesarean section during labour. No differences in arachidonic acid concentrations were found between the maternal or fetal circulations in women having elective Caesarean section and those having a Caesarean section in labour. The total and bound values of arachidonic acid in myometrium were higher in patients undergoing Caesarean section in labour. There was also an increased amount of arachidonic acid when expressed as an arachidonic acid/palmitic acid ratio between the fetal circulation and the maternal circulation, suggesting an active transport mechanism for arachidonic acid across the placenta. Levels of free arachidonic acid were in microgram quantities in both plasma and tissues, suggesting that the availability of free arachidonic acid was not the limiting factor in prostaglandin production.
EFFECTS OF NIFEDIPINE ON MYOMETRIAL ACTIVITY AND LOWER ABDOMINAL PAIN IN WOMEN WITH PRIMARY DYSMENORRHOEA
Authors: Anderson K‐E. , Ulmsten U. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effects of the calcium antagonist nifedipine on uterine activity and lower abdominal pain were studied during the first menstrual day in 10 women with severe primary dysmenorrhoea. Intrauterine pressure was recorded at three different levels by means of microtransducers. Nifedipine, 20 to 40 mg given orally, within 10 to 30 minutes effectively reduced the myometrial activity and relieved the pain. A moderate increase in heart rate, and a transient facial flushing were noted. In some patients receiving 30 or 40 mg this was associated with a slight headache. Otherwise no side effects were observed. It is suggested that calcium antagonists can be used to treat primary dysmenorrhoea and other conditions in which an inhibition of uterine activity is desirable.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS REQUESTING REVERSAL OF STERILIZATION
Authors: Thomson P. , Templeton A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWith the increased number of female patients seeking sterilization and the good chance of successful reversal using modern microsurgical techniques, it can be anticipated there will be a rise in the number of patients requesting reversal of sterilization. We have studied the characteristics of 36 patients who requested reversal of sterilization at the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, in the last five years. The majority of patients requested reversal on the basis of a new relationship. Other reasons included sexual problems and child death. Eighteen of the patients had clear evidence of marital disharmony at the time of sterilization. Seven of the patients had been admitted to hospital with a drug overdose since being sterilized.
RENAL TUBULAR FUNCTION IN NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Kelly Anne M. , McNay Margaret B. , McEwan Helen P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMaternal plasma and urine concentrationsof β2‐ microglobulin and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (EC:2.3.2.2) were measured serially in normal pregnancy. These parameters remained constant throughout and can therefore be used to evaluate tubular function in pregnancies complicated by renal disorders.
COPPER INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES IN ADOLESCENT NULLIPARAE
Authors: Weiner E. , Berg A. Å. , Johansson Ines 
Published: August 2005

SummaryCopper intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) were used in 243 young nulligravidae attending a gynaecological clinic for schoolgirls in Uppsala between March 1973 and June 1975; 226 of these girls (93 per cent) were seen again during December 1975 making a total of 3138 months of observation. At the time of follow up, 126 patients (55.8 per cent) still had the IUCD in situ; 20 per cent had expelled the IUCD and in another 24.2 per cent the IUCD had been removed because of bleeding and/or pain or because of suspected pelvic inflammatory disease (7 patients). Twelve of the girls conceived during the period of observation making the Pearl index 4. 6; nine of the conceptions occurred within nine months of the insertion of the IUCD. Unlike others we do not advocate the use of the IUCD for young nulligravidae.
UNUSUAL PRESACRAL TUMOURS OBSTRUCTING DELIVERY
Authors: Forchan B. , Jennings P. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo patients who had obstructed labour due to a presacral tumour are reported. Both tumours were diagnosed in the second stage of labour. In one patient delivery was accomplished with Barton's forceps. The other patient required a Caesarean section. The tumours were excised at a later date. One was an epidermoid cyst and the other was thought to be a malignant haemangioendothelioma.
A STUDY OF PLASMA PROGESTERONE, OESTRADIOL‐l7β, PROLACTIN AND LH LEVELS, AND OF THE LUTEAL PHASE APPEARANCE OF THE OVARIES IN PATIENTS WITH ENDOMETRIOSIS AND INFERTILITY
Authors: Brosens I. A. , Koninckx P. R. , Corveleyn P. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThirty‐four infertile patients with regular cycles and endometriosis were studied and compared to a control group of 28 women. The endometriosis was classified as mild (n = 16), moderate (n = 9) and severe (n = 9) according to Acosta et a1 (1973). The interval between the LH peak and the onset of subsequent menstruation was shorter (P = 0.024) in patients with endometriosis than in the control group. In mild endometriosis, oestradiol‐17β levels fell on the day after the LH peak, but this was not the case in moderate and severe endometriosis. In mild, moderate and severe endometriosis the plasma progesterone concentration did not rise on the first day following the LH peak, and at laparoscopy significantly (P<0.005) less ovulation stigmata were present. We conclude that endometriosis is associated with luteinization in situ and that this may explain the associated infertility.