bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed oligopoly and raising rivals' costs
Authors: Fjell Kenneth , Heywood John S. , Pal Debashis 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe show that the presence of a welfare maximizing public firm in an oligopoly guarantees that no firm has an incentive to raise the costs of domestic private rivals. This represents another example of regulation by participation. There remains an incentive to raise the costs of the public firm and of foreign private rivals. We also explore which firms are most likely to have their costs raised and which firms are most likely to raise rivals' costs.
Low‐Dose Versus High‐Dose Lenvatinib in Radioiodine Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer—A Real‐World Safety and Efficacy Analysis
Authors: Moulika Jeepalem Sai , Chandekar Kunal Ramesh , Ravindra Shubha Gadde , G B Priyanka , Ballal Sanjana , Tripathi Madhavi , Satapathy Swayamjeet , Bal Chandrasekhar 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveLenvatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR‐DTC) at a dose of 24 mg/day. Given its significant toxicity profile, the present study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of initial low‐dose lenvatinib to that of higher starting doses in patients with RR‐DTC.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients with RR‐DTC who were classified as: Group‐A: patients receiving 10mg/day, and Group‐B: patients receiving ≥ 14mg/day of lenvatinib as starting dose. Safety, radiological response (as per RECIST 1.1) and progression‐free survival (PFS) outcomes were analysed and compared.ResultsA total of 105 patients with RR‐DTC were included in this study (Group‐A: 60, Group‐B: 45). The study found that Group‐B experienced significantly higher rates of drug interruptions (68.9% vs 48.3%, p = 0.035) and dose reductions (60% vs 11.7%; p < 0.001) compared to Group‐A. Adverse events such as hand‐foot skin reaction (77.8% vs 58.3%), diarrhea (28.9% vs 11.7%), hepatotoxicity (33.3–40% vs 11.7–18.3%), and electrolyte imbalance (15.6% vs 3.3%) were also more frequent in Group‐B (p‐values < 0.05). However, both groups showed similar objective response rates (47.1% vs 46.3%; p = 0.936) and comparable PFS outcomes (restricted mean survival time at 24 months: 22.8 vs 21.4 months, p = 0.128).ConclusionsThe study suggests that starting with lower doses of lenvatinib, followed by dose escalation if tolerated, may offer a safer approach with significantly lower rates of drug interruptions and dose reductions, with comparable efficacy in RR‐DTC patients. Further validation by larger prospective trials is warranted.
Reproductive Interference Alters Species Coexistence in Nematodes due to Asymmetric Sperm‐Induced Harm
Authors: Schalkowski Rebecca , Kasimatis Katja R. , Greischar Megan A. , Cutter Asher D. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSpecies coexistence is shaped by a range of biotic and abiotic factors. Beyond predation, parasitism and competition, one species may interfere with another's reproduction to induce sexual exclusion from a habitat. Here, we test for reproductive interference from inter‐species mating between sympatric nematodes Caenorhabditis macrosperma and C. nouraguensis. Higher intrinsic population growth of C. nouraguensis arises from greater reproductive output by both sexes, predicting it to be superior in resource competition. Mate discrimination between species is incomplete, however, with inter‐species mating errors reducing lifespan and reproductive fitness of female C. nouraguensis only. These asymmetric costs arise within hours, due to ectopic migration of C. macrosperma's giant sperm cells. We modelled the population dynamic impacts of reproductive interference, then confirmed rapid sexual exclusion in mixed‐species communities with multi‐generation experiments. These findings demonstrate the profound ecological implications of reproductive interference for demographic parameters and species coexistence through a cell‐mediated mechanism of inter‐species harm.
Racing performance of Standardbred horses following surgical treatment of apical proximal sesamoid bone fractures (49 cases)
Authors: Burns J. J. , MacMillan K. M. , John E. , Doyle A. 
Published: February 2025

SummaryBackgroundApical proximal sesamoid bone (PSB) fractures are a common occurrence in Standardbred racehorses due to the high‐intensity nature of their work. Several studies have evaluated the racing performance after surgical removal of apical fracture fragments in Thoroughbred horses, however information pertaining to Standardbred racehorses is limited.ObjectivesTo (i) describe the distribution of apical PSB fractures in a population of Standardbred racehorses; and (ii) measure return to athletic ability in these horses following surgical removal of apical PSB fracture fragments.Study designRetrospective.MethodsMedical records of Standardbred racehorses presenting to the Atlantic Veterinary College (AVC) for surgical treatment of an apical PSB fracture were reviewed. Lifetime racing records were obtained, and the five race starts before injury and the five race starts following surgical treatment were analysed for total earnings and number of top‐3 placings for each horse.ResultsThirty‐three horses raced following surgery; 22 of which were racing prior to injury. No significant differences were found in top‐3 placings or monetary earnings for the 22 horses which had raced prior to and after surgery. There was no significant difference in limb or sesamoid affected and return to racing. No associations were found between type of surgery performed or degree of suspensory desmitis and whether the horse returned to racing.Main limitationsSmall sample size.Conclusions88% of horses that were racing prior to injury also raced following surgical treatment of an apical PSB fracture. Surgical removal of apical PSB fractures in Standardbred racehorses does not appear to affect their future athletic ability.
Redefining Parental Dynamics: Exploring Mental Health, Happiness, and Positive Parenting Practices
Authors: Kyriazos Theodoros , Poga Mary 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigated how mental health, subjective happiness, and positive parenting interrelate among 489 Greek parents (76% mothers, 20% fathers) of children aged 7–13 years. We aimed to clarify whether these constructs converge strongly or remain relatively compartmentalized. Using a network analytic framework, we first estimated a graphical LASSO partial correlation network (38 nodes) and found 257 nonzero edges out of 703 possible (37% connectivity). The mean edge weight was 0.024, and centrality metrics were robust (Correlation Stability > 0.59 at r = 0.70). We then constructed a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) via Bayesian network modeling (1000 bootstrap samples, edge retention ≥ 85%) to infer directional paths. Mental health items (MHC–SF) correlated strongly within their domain (partial correlations up to r = 0.50), as did subjective happiness items (SHS) and positive parenting items (NPP). However, cross‐domain links were notably weaker, with partial correlations between NPP items and mental health or happiness rarely exceeding r = 0.20. One bridging link emerged from MH_11 (“warm and trusting relationships”) to N_16 (“good relationship with extended family”), r = 0.23, highlighting only a modest cross‐construct relationship. The DAG similarly showed that mental health variables exerted moderate directional influence on happiness but minimal influence on parenting nodes. Contrary to assumptions of broad reciprocity, these constructs operated in largely discrete clusters. Interventions should thus treat parental well‐being and parenting skills as partially distinct targets, emphasizing more tailored, context‐sensitive strategies for Greek families.
Overuse of imaging in prostate cancer staging
Authors: Tohi Yoichiro , Kato Takuma , Kohashiguchi Kana , Kaji Asuka , Fujiwara Kengo , Harada Satoshi , Abe Yohei , Naito Hirohito , Okazoe Homare , Taoka Rikiya , Ueda Nobufumi , Sugimoto Mikio 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesTo examine prostate cancer staging in real‐world clinical practice.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 698 patients referred to the Department of Urology at Kagawa University Hospital from 25 facilities for prostate cancer treatment from June 2014 to December 2023. Patients treated with dutasteride (n = 10) and who underwent staging at our institution (n = 197) were excluded. The outcomes of interest were the proportion of computed tomography and bone scintigraphy, diagnostic rates of metastasis stratified by D'Amico risk, and incidental findings on computed tomography. We estimated the number of low‐risk patients based on the Japan Study Group of Prostate Cancer study and 2019 cancer statistical data. We calculated the staging costs of omitting computed tomography and bone scintigraphy in low‐risk patients.ResultsThe proportion of D'Amico low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk patients was 15.7% (n = 77), 45.2% (n = 222), and 39.1% (n = 192), respectively. The percentages of computed tomography and bone scintigraphy performed according to risk were 88.3% and 67.5% for low risk, 98.6% and 80.2% for intermediate risk, and 98.4% and 94.3% for high risk, respectively. The diagnostic percentages for lymph node, organ, and bone metastases by risk were 0%/0%/0%, 0%/0%/0.5%, and 8.9%/0.5%/9.3% for low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk, respectively. Incidental findings were present in 2.7% of cases. By omitting computed tomography and bone scintigraphy for low‐risk patients, the total staging cost could be reduced by USD 4.07 million (607 million Japanese yen) annually.ConclusionsWe highlight the potential overuse of imaging in prostate cancer staging. Recognizing the excessive use of diagnostic imaging can reduce medical costs.
A Review of Emerging Technologies on the Rehydration Behavior of Foodstuffs
Authors: Özkan Karabacak Azime , Çalışkan Koç Gülşah , Adal Samiye , Süfer Özge , Tonay Ayşe Nur , Delikanlı Kıyak Berrak , Çelebi Yasemin , İnan‐Çınkır Nuray 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis research examines the intricate interplay between novel drying techniques and rehydration processes, emphasizing their influence on food quality and rehydration behavior. Advanced methods such as electromagnetic radiation (microwave and infrared), ultrasound, heat pump drying, low‐pressure superheated steam, high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields, and ohmic heating were evaluated. Additive manufacturing techniques, including 3D and 4D printing, and nanotechnology's role in enhancing rehydration properties were explored. The study expressed that, methods like freeze‐drying and microwave‐assisted vacuum drying significantly preserved microstructural integrity and porosity, enabling higher rehydration capacities. For example, freeze‐dried samples exhibited up to a 9–10 fold faster rehydration rate, compared to traditional air‐dried methods. Mechanistically, porosity, capillary action, and preserved cellular structures were identified as critical drivers of improved rehydration performance. Emerging techniques such as pulsed electric field and ultrasound enhanced water diffusion and minimized structural damage, further optimizing rehydration efficiency. Insights into parameters like rehydration medium, temperature, and liquid–solid ratio were modeled to predict and enhance product reconstitution quality. The findings underscore the potential of integrating sustainable practices and advanced technologies to revolutionize food processing by reducing energy consumption, minimizing waste, and achieving superior product quality. These innovations position the study as a significant step forward in optimizing rehydration for food industry applications.
Moisture Induced Changes in Engineering, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.) Seeds
Authors: Akhtar Zahid , Tiwari Utkarsh , Madhumita Mitali , Ghanghas Neeraj , Prabhakar Pramod K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPresent research has been carried out to study the physical, thermal and mechanical properties of custard apple seed. The analysis assessed the effect of moisture content (7.8% to 30% d.b.) on diverse engineering properties of custard apple seeds. It was found that as the amount of moisture increased, number of properties, including seed length (L), seed width (W), and seed thickness (T), increased linearly. The results indicated the surface area of seed (Sa), volume of seed (V), angle of repose (θ) and mass of thousand seed (M1000), increased from 199.46 to 218.89 mm2, 181.78 to 210.19 mm3, 17.3° to 31.5°, and 234.63 to 280.46 g, respectively, with an increase in moisture content. The true density (ρt), bulk density (ρb) and porosity increased 19.13%, 15.74%, and 2.2%, respectively as the moisture content increased. The static coefficient of friction (μ) increased as the amount of moisture increased for various surfaces, that is, glass, galvanized iron (GI), and stainless steel (SS) from 0.316 to 0.522, 0.311 to 0.614, and 0.289 to 0.438, respectively. Hardness and thermal property are the two novel characteristics that have been used for seed characterization. When the amount of moisture increased then texture property dropped. Thermal conductivity (λ) and specific heat per unit volume (ρcp) increased from 0.13 to 0.17 W m−1 K−1 and 0.51 to 0.73 MJ m−3 K−1 and thermal diffusivity (α) reduced from 0.25 to 0.18, as the amount of moisture of custard apple seed raised.
Caring Readiness Among Parents of Children Who Have Undergone Liver Transplantation and Are Transitioning From the Intensive Care Unit: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Wu Jingyun , Lu Fangyan , Li Zhiru , Dai Yanhong , Wang Yan , Zheng Li , Bao Ruijie , Rao Yuxin , Wang Huafen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the status and influencing factors of caring readiness among parents of children undergoing liver transplantation transitioning from the intensive care unit, and to explore the associations between caring readiness and other variables.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 126 parents of children who underwent liver transplantation at a tertiary hospital in China took a questionnaire survey via convenience sampling. Independent t‐test, ANOVA and correlation analysis were conducted to analyse the data. Multivariable stepwise linear regression was used to analyse the influencing factors of caring readiness. The PROCESS macro (Model 4) was used to verify the mediating effect of caregiver burden between social support and caring readiness.Reporting MethodThe STROBE checklist was used as a guideline in this study.ResultsThe mean score of caring readiness among parents of children who had undergone liver transplantation and were transitioning from the intensive care unit was 23.62 ± 5.34. Multivariable stepwise linear regression analysis indicated that experience with caregiving, intensive care unit length of stay, social support and caregiver burden were the factors associated with caring readiness, explaining 18.6% of the variance in caring readiness among parents. Caregiver burden partially moderated the relationship between social support and caring readiness (20.93%).ConclusionThe study shows caring readiness was moderate among parents of children who have undergone liver transplantation and are transitioning from the intensive care unit. It reveals that lack of caregiving experience and children's short intensive care unit length of stay should be emphasised, preventing inadequate readiness of parents. Furthermore, enhancing social support interventions and burden‐reduction strategies are important for improving parents' caring readiness.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThe findings demonstrate that health care professionals should provide timely and appropriate intervention strategies to enhance parents' caring readiness, which could potentially be achieved by increasing social support and reducing caregiver burden.Patient or Public ContributionParents of children who underwent liver transplantation participated in this study via a questionnaire survey.
Prognostic Value of Ki‐67 in the Invasive Zone of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Li Ke , Wang Shuai , Li Zihui , Yu Qiuya , Liu Lingyun , Li Fuyan , Zhang Lei , Sun Guowen , Ni Yanhong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe molecular profile of cells within the tumor invasive zone, where tumor cells interact with surrounding non‐tumor cells, plays a crucial role in defining tumor malignant characteristics, such as the pattern of invasion (POI). Therefore, evaluating the diagnostic value of the proliferation index molecule, Ki‐67, in both tumor cells and adjacent non‐tumor cells at the invasive zone with different POIs, holds significant clinical importance for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsThis retrospective study included 133 primary OSCC samples, and the spatial pattern of Ki‐67 in the tumor invasive zone was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The prognostic value of tumor cells and stroma proliferative capacity in different POIs were assessed.ResultsKi‐67 was widely expressed in tumor cells and stroma cells within the invasive zone, and cells in high‐invasiveness POIs exhibit higher proliferation. Elevated Ki‐67 expression in tumor cells was associated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) in patients, which is independent of POIs. In our study, we identified the expression level of Ki‐67 in tumor cells across high‐invasiveness POIs as an independent risk factor for OS and DFS in OSCC patiens. Additionally, Ki‐67 expression in surrounding non‐tumor cells did not significantly correlate with patient survival.ConclusionThe remarkable proliferation characteristic of tumor cells in high‐invasiveness POIs of OSCC tumors plays a crucial role in the prognosis of patients.
Capturing Inter and Intra Sectoral Productivity Spillovers in Industrial Filière: A System of Dynamic Spatial Panel Data Models
Authors: Emili Silvia , Galli Federica 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGiven the relevance of spatial and sectoral interactions in shaping the productivity performance of economic systems and filières, in this study, we suggest addressing both aspects by estimating a system of simultaneous dynamic spatial panel data models. This approach allows to consider how the production level of a specific sector is influenced by the performance of other interconnected sectors in the same area (cross‐sectoral spillovers) as well as the role of productivity spillovers originating from the same or other sectors in neighbouring territories (inter and intra sectoral spatial effects). The validity of the proposed approach is confirmed through the estimation of a simultaneous system for the production process of the Italian agribusiness filière. The results indicate the existence of meaningful inter‐dependences within and between sectors and territories that materialises in spillovers of different natures (input factors, internal and external features), offering valuable policy implications for the overall economic growth of the agriculture filière.
Characterisation of nocturnal arrhythmia avalanche dynamics: Insights from generalised linear model analysis
Authors: Shahrbabaki Sobhan Salari , Strong Campbell , Chapman Darius , Tonchev Ivaylo , Jenkins Evan , Lechat Bastien , Nguyen Duc Phuc , Mittinty Murthy , Catcheside Peter , Eckert Danny J. , Baumert Mathias , Ganesan Anand N. 
Published: February 2025

SummaryNocturnal arrhythmia avalanche (NAA) episodes, characterised by transient non‐sustained cardiac arrhythmias during sleep, have been demonstrated as a predictor of adverse cardiovascular events. However, their dynamics and association with sleep architecture and events remain unclear. While generalised linear models (GLM) have captured sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) dynamics, their application to NAA remains underexplored. This study explored whether changes in sleep architecture contribute to nocturnal arrhythmias and if the impact of sleep stages, SDB, and arousal events on these arrhythmias varies by demographic factors. We analysed 7341 ECG recordings from the multi‐ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA) and the sleep heart health study (SHHS) datasets. R‐R intervals were divided into 10‐min periods to detect NAA, defined as a 30% drop from baseline followed by recovery to 90% of baseline. A GLM framework was developed to characterise NAA episodes as functions of SDB, sleep arousal events, sleep stages, and prior NAA episodes. The GLM analysis revealed that NAA occurrence was 18% and 30% higher during non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) light sleep compared with deep sleep in SHHS (p < 0.001) and MESA (p < 0.001), respectively. SDB events increased the NAA risk in 34% of participants, and arousals in 29%. In SHHS, the impact of SDB on NAA was 5% greater in men (p = 0.018), while the arousal effects were more pronounced in those over 75, highlighting the role of demographic factors in modulating arrhythmia risk. These findings demonstrate the utility of the GLM framework in modelling the dynamics of nocturnal arrhythmias and their associations with sleep disruptions and architecture.
Conservation Blind Spots: Scenarios for Assessing the Exposure Risk of Brazilian Mammals to Pesticides
Authors: Gomes‐de‐Sá Érica Fernanda Gonçalves , Ferreira Gabriela Fernanda da Silva , de Albuquerque Anna Carolina Figueiredo , Costa Vinícius Araújo , Concone Henrique Villas Boas , de Freitas Natan Diego Alves , Beltrão Mayara Guimarães , da Rocha Patrício Adriano , Cordeiro‐Estrela Pedro 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Brazil is a large agricultural producer and a megadiverse country. In this context, the use of pesticides poses risks to non‐target species, including wild mammals.

Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) for pesticides has been adopted by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Brazil has yet to present a pesticide risk assessment for vertebrates.

To design an ERA for Brazilian mammals, data is needed on the occurrence and distribution of species within and outside crops and agroecosystem types, their biological characteristics and life history traits.

We analyse a comprehensive dataset of mammal occurrences in Brazilian agroecosystems. We identify the main crops studied, review if pesticides were listed as threats for mammals endangered of extinction and discuss mammal traits that lead to pesticide exposure across agroecosystems.

We show that 54% of terrestrial mammals in Brazil occur in agroecosystems (319/716), with 64.3% (205/319) of these found in crop. Most studies registered mammals in large‐scale monocultures, such as annual croplands, tree plantations and pasture grazing. Small farming emerges as an important knowledge gap. We found 25 species threatened with extinction (Critically Endangered, Endangered, and Vulnerable) occurring in crop in Brazilian agroecosystems.

Concerning ERA for Brazilian agricultural scenarios, in the screening tier process, it is suggested to use an indicator model species (IMS) with the following traits: terrestrial, crepuscular, and large body mass for pasture‐grazing, tree plantations and annual croplands. Conversely, in agroforestry and perennial crop agroecosystems, we recommend considering at least one IMS with arboreal habits and a frugivorous and/or nectarivorous diet. Furthermore, in Tier 1, we recommend that a generic model species (GMS) emconpassing carnivorous and herbivorous mammals should be considered in pasture‐grazing systems, tree plantations and annual cropland. In agroforests and perennial croplands, GMS that represent the diet of frugivorous and nectarivorous mammals should be prioritised.