bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RISK FACTORS OF URETHRAL STRICTURE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Andhika S Teguh 
Published: December 2023

Background: Urethral stricture in males is a narrowing of the anterior urethra caused by fibrosis and cicatrisation of the urethral mucosa and adjacent spongiosus tissue ("spongiofibrosis"). In the male posterior urethra, there is no spongiosus tissue; therefore, stenosis is the preferred term. Understanding the risk factors of urethral strictures may be amenable to preventive measures resulting in a decrease in disease severity and health care expenditure.
Aim: This study aims to summarize and assess the risk factors of urethral stricture through a comprehensive systematic review.
Methods: A systematic search strategy was conducted across several electronic reference databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar) and included articles published between 2013–2023. Duplicate publications, review articles, and incomplete articles were excluded.
Results: The databases search identified a total of 16.645 articles (Table 1) and resulted in 16.155 articles after duplicates removed. Of these, 15.955 articles were excluded due to non-original study and titles and abstract not represented the focus of interest; and resulting in 200 articles for screening process. Articles not evaluating the focus of interest and articles in which full-text are not available are excluded, resulting in 15 articles for eligibility criteria. Among them, 10 articles did not give sufficient details about the risk factors of urethral stricture and some did nit differenriate clearly between the risk factors of urethral stricture and recurrence of urethral stricture. Hence, we found 5 appropriate studies included.
Conclusion: The risk factors of urethral stricture in this study includes the dose of brachyterapy for prostate cancer patients, lower resection speed of BPH, prolonged operative time, intraoperative urethral mucosa rupture, post-operative continuous infection, the diameter of the instrument, presence of chronic prostatitis in anamnesis, increased volume of the prostate, repeated drainage of the bladder using the urethral catheter, high comorbidity burden, second TURP surgery, history of preoperative catheter insertion, high postoperative WBC, and long postoperative catheterization time.
Aprendizagem baseada em equipes como ferramenta didática no ensino em saúde: revisão de escopo
Authors: Almeida Elzenir Pereira de Oliveira , De Melo Alana Candeia , De Melo Aristeia Candeia , De Sousa Milena Nunes Alves , Nogueira Tiago Bezerra de Sá de Sousa , De Sousa Yasmim Regis Formiga , Benício Talícia Maria Alves , Abdal Pedro Pugliesi 
Published: December 2023

Objetivou-se mapear as evidências disponíveis sobre a eficácia da aprendizagem baseada em equipes como ferramenta didática utilizada por docentes no ensino em saúde. O protocolo de revisão de escopo foi adotado conforme a metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute e checklist PRISMA-ScR. A questão de pesquisa foi elaborada conforme o acrônimo PCC: Qual a eficácia do Team-based learning (conceito) desenvolvida pelos docentes (população) no ensino da saúde (contexto)? A busca dos textos foi efetuada em quatro bases de dados. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada por dois revisores, com auxílio do software Rayyan. Nas bases de dados LILACS, EMBASE, SCOPUS e SCIELO, foram encontrados 59 artigos. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, a amostra final foi constituída por 26 artigos. Os trabalhos dos autores pesquisados apontam para uma validação no sentido de qualificar a eficácia da aprendizagem baseada em equipes como ferramenta didática utilizada por docentes no ensino em saúde, considerando que esta estratégia pedagógica é uma metodologia ativa de ensino-aprendizagem favorável por adotar estratégias que demandam a participação e a colaboração de equipes, tarefas de preparação e aplicação de conceitos, feedback e a avaliação entre os pares, além de exigir do alunos a maturidade para o protagonismo do seu próprio conhecimento e do professor o papel de gestor de múltiplas e complexas aprendizagens.
Factors Affecting the Agripreneurial Behaviour of Rural Youth Involved in Mushroom Production as an Enterprise
Authors: Nagar Ashish Kumar , Bisht Kamini , Naberia Seema , Rathi Deepak 
Published: December 2023

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) launched ARYA project in the year 2016. The project's main objectives are to entice rural youth to participate in India's agricultural sector and to create employment opportunities in the agricultural and related sectors. It is recognized that there is greater potential for mushroom cultivation as an enterprise as there is increasing consumers' preferences in nearby cities towards mushroom. The KVK promoted mushroom cultivation through demonstrations, capacity building and by providing critical inputs under the project. As a result, rural youth are motivated and engaged in spawn production, mushroom cultivation, marketing and mushroom processing. The result of the present study reveals that majority of the rural youth of successful enterprises as well as discontinued enterprise exhibited a medium level of agripreneurial behavior. The agripreneurial behaviour of rural youth of successful mushroom enterprises correlated positively and significantly with factors like age, education, gender, agri-enterprise experience, occupation, training, social participation, family size, land holding, annual income, source of credit, attitude toward agri-enterprise, extension contact, and mass media exposure. In case of the agripreneurial behaviour of rural youth of discontinued enterprises the variable gender, agri-enterprise experience, occupation, training, social participation, family size, land holding, annual income, attitude toward agri-enterprise, extension contact, and mass media exposure showed positive and significant correlations with agri-entrepreneurial behavior.
Insight of Oxidative Stress, Ultrastructural Transformations, and Elemental Variations in Rice Seedlings Exposed to Boron Toxicity: Unraveling the Role of Fe-SOD in Boron Tolerance
Authors: Rani Anjana , Rajpoot Ritika 
Published: December 2023

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings differing in boron tolerance were grown in hydroponics containing varying boron concentration. (as boric acid) for 8 days. Yoshida Nutrient Solution (Yoshida et al.1976) served as control, whereas 0.5 mM boron (moderately toxic) and 1.5 mM boron (highly toxic). Boron excess (B) caused marked reduction in length, biomass and relative water content of the seedlings, with more reductions in B-sensitive cv. Malaviya-36 as compared with B-tolerant cv. Brown Gora. B-sensitive seedlings showed higher B uptake in roots and shoots compared to the tolerant. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed ultrastructural damage to the guard cells with excess boron. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) of rice leaves showed decline in concentration of P, S, Ca and Mg in seedlings on B treatment. Increased production of reactive oxygen species O2˙−, H2O2, lipid peroxides, alteration in activity of antioxidative enzymes and increased membrane permeability was observed in B treated seedlings compared to controls. Real time PCR analysis of stress regulatory genes indicated differential expression of SOD isoforms in the two sets of cultivars with B treatment. Interestingly seedlings of B-tolerant cultivar were characterized by higher level of expression of Fe-SOD and its further increased expression on B treatment. Results suggest that B toxicity involves ultrastructural and elemental changes, increased generation of ROS and altered antioxidative enzyme activities in rice seedlings and increased expression Fe-SOD isoform appears to be associated with B tolerance.
Mean Wear Approach for Modeling and Predicting Wear for Gears in Plastics Materials and their Composites
Authors: Agbetossou Y. N. , Afio A. , Koffi D. , Tiem S. , Kassegne K. A. 
Published: December 2023

It is currently recognized by the scientific and industrial world that gears made of plastic materials and their composites have numerous advantages (light weight and inertia reduction, no lubrication or initial lubrication, low friction coefficient, shock and vibration absorbing, good load distribution, low costing manufacturing, etc. ) and they will continue to beneficially replace metal gears in a good number of applications in all areas; above all, today the family of plastic materials and their composites is expanding with the development of new eco-plastics and their natural fiber composites as an alternative for sustainable development. However, the challenge remains to continue research in the field of these plastic gears and their composites in order to overcome the problems that still hamper their use.
The literature reveals that wear constitutes one of the failure modes of gears and in particular it remains the most frequent cause of damage in gears made of plastic materials and their composites. According to the results of experimental work carried out on the wear behavior of plastic gears and their composites, the wear prediction models developed for their metallic counterparts are not applicable to them.
The main objective of this present work is to study the wear behavior of gear teeth made of plastic materials and their composites in order to develop a model of its prediction.
In this paper, a mean wear approach is used to develop a model based on Archard's law for the prediction of wear in gears made of plastic materials and their composites. The model is built on experimental works observations and depends on the pair of materials and the operating conditions of the mesh, as well as the parameters which are determined once and for all from the initial experimental results. The model also takes into account the very significant thermal effect on the wear of plastic gears.
The results from a simulation carried out, using MATLAB software for the pair of HDPE30B materials (HDPE polyethylene composite with 30% birch wood fiber) running under dry conditions, are presented and analyzed. The results are consistent with those of our experimental work and are mainly validated with a relative error below 15% by the latter.
The models developed can already provide solutions to needs on an industrial scale.
Temporal Variation of Sunshine Duration and Its Potential Affecting Factors with Emphasis on Saudi Arabia for the Period 1983-2022
Authors: Anwar Mohammad Ibna , Farhan Khatib Zada , Alam M. J. B. , Anwar Aiyesha 
Published: December 2023

The rising trend in fossil fuel prices and the depletion of natural resource reserves in the future force the authority of any country to find a more sustainable option for energy sources, so that future energy demand can be ensured for sustainable development. Assessing the trend and availability of sunshine duration (SD) at a spatiotemporal scale and the effect of different metrological parameters on the SD change is crucial to ensure the efficient utilization of solar energy, support the growth of renewable energy systems, and contribute to a sustainable future. In Saudi Arabia, The average monthly SD is 283 ± 18 hm-1, and there was a rising trend of SD that increased at a rate of 1.48 hy-1 with a 95% confidence level. Most of the regions experienced an annual mean of SD between 3375 and 3754 hy-1, except for the southwest and the middle-eastern part where SD was between 3072 and 3375 hours in a year. The highest mean monthly SD was 318 ± 39 hm-1 during the summer season, but the trend of SD changes over the years was downward ( -0.21 hy-1). The mean monthly SD was lowest (244 ± 38 hm-1) in the winter season, and the changing pattern of SD was on the rise at a rate of 0.26 hy-1 with a 95% confidence level. There was a decline in SD across the country between 1983 and 1998, whereas from 2000 onward the country experienced an upward trend in SD. Relative humidity (R = -0.53, p < 0.01) and cloud cover (R = -0.42, p < 0.05) as potential factors have a strong negative correlation with SD, whereas wind speed (R = 0.06, p > 0.1) and temperature (R = 0.12, p > 0.1) have a positive correlation with SD in the region.
Effect of Different NPK Levels and Chlorophyll Content on Growth and Development of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinesis Osbeck)
Authors: Silas Vinay Joseph , Kumar Jitendra 
Published: December 2023

The current study, which was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm of Rama University in Mandhana, Kanpur, India, was titled Effect of varying amounts of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P2O5), and Potassium (K2O) on growth and development of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinesis Osbeck) plants. In terms of maximum plant height (83.57 cm), maximum number of leaves (421.04), maximum number of branches (26.36), maximum stem diameter (3.04 cm), maximum spread of canopy (42.36 cm), maximum length of inter-nodes (9.68 cm), and maximum chlorophyll content (4.58 mg/g), the results showed that treatment T2 (850 g / plant Nitrogen, 600 g / plant Phosphorus, and 850 g / plant Potash) achieved the best results followed by treatment T9 (800 g / plant Nitrogen, 400 g / plant Phosphorus and500 g / plant Potash) and the minimum was recorded in T4(700g / plant Nitrogen, 400g / plant Phosphorus and 400g / plant Potash).
Effect of Soil Amendments on the Growth Parameters of Okra Infested with Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)
Authors: Etim Daniel Offiong , Aniete Bassey Rosemary , Eleng Ituna Emini , Ini-Ibehe Ndarake Eden , Obot Bassey Ediongsenyene 
Published: December 2023

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum, Neem cake, and poultry manure on the growth performance of okra infected with Meloidogyne incognita.
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Botany, University of Calabar, between April 2022 and August, 2022.
Methodology: Soil samples were collected at the depth of 0-15cm using auger, heat sterilized and spread out in a shade for 7days to cool before use for planting okra seed. Galled roots of okra plants were blended and emptied into 1000ml beaker. This was the inoculum used for plant inoculation. Pure culture of T. harzianum inoculated into a steril petri dishes and allowed to sporulate. Neem cake and poultry manure were applied at the rate of 10g and 20g per planting pot. Holes were excavated around the base of the okra plant and 1g of T. harzianum spores was used for inoculation. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, petiole length, and percentage leaf abscission.
Results: Number of leaves on pot treated with M. incognita, T. harzianum and 20 g of neem cake was significantly (p≤ 0.05) different from all other pots. Data obtained indicates that after 3 weeks of planting all the treatment combinations had significant (p≤0.05) impact on the crops grown in pots treated with 10 g of neem cake which was not significantly (p>0.05) different. Data obtained on plant height in pots with the treatment combinations (M1T1N0, M1T0N1, M1T0N2, M0T0N2, M0T0N0, M0T0P1 and M0T0P0) were significantly (p≤ 0.05) different. Results on petiole length grown in pots with treatment combinations (M1T1N2, M0T1N1 and M0T0P1) were not significantly (p> 0.05) different from the control.
Results shows that the highest percentage of abscised leaves was observed on plant treated with T. harzianum and Neem cake with 66.4%. Results from other treatments were as follows, M0T0N1 (62.3%), M1T1N0 (58.6%), M0T0N2 (56.3%), M1T0N1 (52.9%) and M1T1N2 (51.2%). Result obtained on soil amendment with poultry manure revealed that pots treated with 20t/ha of poultry manure had impact on plant height which was significant (p≤ 0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the data obtained on the growth parameters, it can be concluded that T. harzianum and neem cake significantly increased the growth of okra infested with M. incognita and the impact was significantly shown on the plant height and petiole length. Number of leaves were significantly different at 3 and 5 weeks after planting. T. harzianum has be proven to be of economic value in agriculture both as biocontrol agent and soil nutrient booster.
Maize Yield Response to Organic Fertilizers and Biofertilizers in a Sub-Tropical Zone of Eastern Himalayan Region of Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Yari Joram , Doruk Kasinam , Rupok Bogo , Ramamoorthy P. , Venu Nakeertha , Sindhu G. Poovizhi 
Published: December 2023

A Field experiment was conducted at the Department of Agriculture at Himalayan University, Jullang, Arunachal Pradesh, to assess the impact of composts and biofertilizers on plant growth. The available soil nutrient status were medium in N, High in P and medium in K in study soil.The treatments considered of T1- Control 100 % RDF, T2 - Vermicompost 0.5 Kg/ha + Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria 0.5Kg/ha, T3 – Poultry manure 0.5 Kg/ha + Azotobacter 0.5Kg/ha, T4 – Compost 0.5Kg/ha + Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria 0.5Kg/ha + Azotobacter 0.5Kg/ha, T5 – compost 0.5Kg/ha + Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria 0.5 Kg/ha , T6 – Poultry manure 0.5Kg/ha+ Azotobacter 0.5Kg/ha, T7 – Vermicompost 0.5Kg/ha + Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria 0.5Kg/ha + Azotobacter 0.5Kg/ha.The highest cob plant-1 recorded highest in treatment receiving Vermicompost 0.5 Kg/ha + Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria 0.5 Kg/ha + Azotobacter 0.5 Kg/ha(T7) i.e 1.93. highest cob length recorded 13.80 cm receiving treatment Vermicompost 0.5Kg/ha+ Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria 0.5Kg/ha + Azotobacter 0.5Kg/ha (T7).The highest number of cob grain-1 is 394.47 receiving Vermicompost 0.5Kg/ha + Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria 0.5Kg/ha + Azotobacter 0.5Kg/ha (T7) and 12.03 g of test weight were obtained with treatment (T7) receiving Vermicompost 0.5Kg/ha + Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria 0.5Kg/ha + Azotobacte 0.5Kg/ha .
Effect of Bio-NPK and Organic Manures on Growth, Yield and Economics of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis l.) var. Pusa Snowball K 1
Authors: Patel Kameshwar P. , Panchal B. H. , Rupareliya Raj D. 
Published: December 2023

The present investigation was carried out on “Effect of Bio-NPK and organic manures on growth, yield and economics of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis l.) var. Pusa Snowball K 1” at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during Rabi season 2022-23. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with factorial concept with three replication and thirteen treatment combinations comprising of two level of Bio-NPK and six level of organic manures of total 12 combinations. The experiment result revealed that, treatment B1 (seedling dipping with Bio-NPK) was found the most effective treatment which recorded significantly maximum plant height (44.97, 51.74 and 58.16 cm), number of leaves at (10.65, 16.84 and 23.42), N-S plant spread (37.04, 50.67 and 63.88 cm) and E-W plant spread (34.78, 48.79 and 62.26 cm) at 40th, 60th and 80th DAT, respectively, weight of the curd (745.16 gm), diameter of the curd (16.99 cm) and yield per plot (13.46 kg). Treatment of organic manures significantly responded on growth and yield parameters viz., Among all treatment, treatment F3 (100 % RDN through VC) was the most effective treatment which recorded significantly maximum plant height (46.84, 54.42 and 61.00 cm), number of leaves (11.26, 17.66 and 24.19), plant spread N-S (37.58, 52.26 and 65.86), E-W (35.40, 50.05 and 64.25 cm) at 40th, 60th and 80th DAT respectively, weight of the curd (802.41 gm), diameter of the curd (17.69 cm) and yield per plot (14.72 kg). However, based on economics, treatments 75 % RDN through VC + 25 % RDN through FYM gave maximum net realization (197168 ₹ /ha).
A Fuzzy-Based Server Incremental Technique for N-Policy M/G/n Queue Network
Authors: Adeleke Imran A. , Iposu Oriyomi N. , Gbadebo Adegbuyi D. 
Published: December 2023

The study presents an N-Policy M/G/n queue model having multiple servers with possible increment. In this model, the server is turned off as soon as the queue is empty. However, as customers arrive the network according to a homogeneous Poisson process with rate λ, the server is not immediately turned on until when the number of customers reaches a pre-determined threshold value, N. Service of customers is on first-come, first-served basis. The model has two categories of servers viz: active and reserved servers. In a situation where all active servers are busy and a customer arrives, two options are available. It is either the arriving customer wait until one of the active servers becomes idle or request for an additional server from among reserved servers. The decision of the customer to wait for one of the active servers to become idle or request an additional server in order to reduce wait time is taken by an Expert System rather than making such on the basis of network performance metrics.
Analysis of Physical, Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Borehole Water in Awka, Awka South LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwanneka Mmuonwuba , Sochima Muogbo Emmanuel , Samuel Onuegbu Akachukwu , Kizito Maduba 
Published: December 2023

This study aims determine the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of borehole water in Awka.
The Study Activities Include: Collection of borehole water samples, Identification of physical, chemical and biochemical characteristics present in the borehole water samples, analyzing the characteristics, comparing the characteristics of the water samples to the World Health Organizations (WHO) standards, Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) and the Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS), Identification of health effects of imbalance in the characteristic and development recommendation for improving the quality of borehole water.
The study was carried out in Microbiology laboratory, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria (5.7699° N, 6.8361° E). It took six months to complete the study.
The physical, chemical and biological characteristics were carefully analyzed with the right methodology which includes HANNA INSTRUCTIONS FOR pH, Electrical Conductivity and temperature, GALVERMETRIC METHOD for Total Dissolved Oxygen, ARGENTOMETRIC METHOD for chloride, molybdenum blue phosphorous method for phosphate, PHENATE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD for ammonia, WINKLER'S TITRIMETRIC METHOD for Dissolved Oxygen, TITRIMETRIC METHOD for total acidity, alkalinity and hardness, ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY for heavy metals and MEMBRANE FILTERATION TECHNIQUE for total coliform and total E. Coli counts. This study presents results for these characteristics which ranges from: 28.3°C - 32°C for temperature which are all below WHO standards, 4.5 - 7.6 for pH, 0.02ms/cm - 1.355ms/cm for Electrical Conductivity, 19.5mg/L - 1020.75 mg/L for Total Dissolved Solids, 4.5mg/L - 8.6mg/L for Dissolved Oxygen, 64mg/L - 198mg/L for Chemical Oxygen Demand, 20mg/L - 138.8mg/L for Total Hardness, 25.2mg/L - 340.2mg/L for Chloride, 5.02ppm - 17.6ppm for phosphate, 0.27mg/L - 6.99mg/L, 2fcu/100ml - 130fcu/100ml for Total coliform count, 1fcu/100ml - 33fcu/100ml, 5.2mg/L - 17mg/L for total acidity, 10mg/L - 255mg/L for total acidity.
Conclusion: Results of these characteristics were compared with World Health standards of drinking water, Nigeria Industrial Standards and Federal Environmental Protection Agency standards. The average values the parameters were as well compared to these standards and recommendations were developed for the maintenance and improvement of borehole water quality.