bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A - 115 Do Patients with Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment Perform Differently on the Clock Drawing Test?
Authors: Sylvester Doug , Morales Sandra , Berry Matt , Stoll Matt , Renteria Laura , White Natasha 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is an effective screening tool for assessing cognitive dysfunction. Many studies have examined differences in CDT performance between individuals with dementia and normal controls. The current study expands on this research by comparing individuals with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We utilized the ten-point scoring system created by Libon and colleagues (1996) as we were interested in looking at differences in error type.

Methods
Data were retrospectively collected from a sample of patients (n = 59, mean age = 76.8, mean education = 14.8 years, 45.8% MCI, 54.2% dementia) seen at a private practice in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. Patients with a history of moderate-to-severe TBI, severe psychiatric history, or undergoing re-evaluation were excluded.

Results
Mann–Whitney U tests did not reveal a statistically significant difference in total CDT errors between dementia and MCI groups across command and copy conditions. There was no statistically significant difference between groups on error type (graphomotor, hand/number placement, executive control) on either the command or copy condition, with one exception. The dementia group (mean rank = 32.63) made significantly more copy condition graphomotor errors than the MCI group (mean rank = 24.96), U = 296, p = 0.046, r = −0.26.

Conclusion(s)
Our results demonstrate that CDT scores in patients with dementia and MCI are not significantly different. As a screening tool, CDT errors are suggestive of cognitive impairment, however, to achieve greater clarity in degree of impairment and presumed etiology, additional comprehensive cognitive assessment is needed.
A - 122 Coronavirus Anxiety, Mood, and Subjective Cognition in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-10
Authors: Darwazah Hannah , Hammond Jared B , Lichtenstein Jonathan D , Moncrief Grant G , Roth Robert M , Thompson Ryan C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Coronavirus anxiety (CA) is associated with depression, general anxiety, and subjective cognitive dysfunction (SCD) in community samples. Furthermore, individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection (acute & post-acute) report greater CA and SCD. No study to date has examined CA in patients diagnosed with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). We evaluated the prevalence of CA amongst individuals diagnosed with PASC and its associations with mood and SCD.

Method
Participants were 72 patients diagnosed with PASC [M age = 48.8 ± 11.9 years, 72.2% female, 93.1% White] who were referred for clinical neuropsychological evaluation between May 2021 and February 2023. Participants completed the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS; range = 0–20, clinical cutoff: ≥9), BDI-II, BAI, BRIEF-A, and Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI).

Result
Overall, CAS scores were low (M = 1.29, SD = 2.69, 4.2% clinically elevated). In contrast, depression scores were high (M = 23.2, SD = 11.2, 72.2% clinically elevated), as were anxiety scores (M = 19.7, SD = 12.2, 72.2% clinically elevated). CAS scores tended to decline over the course of the study; however, scores on the BDI-II or BAI did not. Higher CAS scores were associated with higher scores on the BDI-II (rs = 0.344, p = 0.005), BAI (rs = 0.321, p = 0.009), and BRIEF-A Global Executive Composite (rs = 0.407, p = 0.001) but not for the NSI Cognitive Factor (rs = 0.139, p = 0.256).

Conclusion
Findings suggest clinically significant CA is not particularly prevalent in individuals with PASC, but perhaps is more salient for acute infection. Results also highlight the presence of clinically elevated psychiatric distress in patients with PASC and the need for proper screening and intervention.
A - 124 The Impact of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on Cognition and Function in Post-9/11 Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Authors: Knight Arielle , Kim Sahra , Currao Alyssa , Sablone Caroline , Milberg William , Fortier Catherine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
The study examines the impact of ADHD on cognitive and functional abilities in post-9/11 Veterans with PTSD.

Method
313 Veterans from the Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders at VA Boston with PTSD only (44.73%), with ADHD only (3.51%), with both PTSD+ADHD (8.63%), and without either condition (43.13%) were evaluated. PTSD was assessed by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-IV). ADHD was assessed by the Wender Utah Rating Scale for ADHD (WURS ≥46). WHO Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) measured general functioning. Linear regression models analyzed differences in neuropsychological (Digit Span, Stroop, FAS, Trails, Coding, California Verbal Learning Test, and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test) and general functioning among the four groups.

Results
Veterans with PTSD only performed significantly worse than all other groups on Stroop–Color Naming (β = −0.77, p = 0.022), and FAS–Category Fluency (β = −1.10, p = 0.014). Veterans with both ADHD+PTSD performed significantly slower than all other groups on Trails–Number Sequencing (β = −1.65, p = 0.003). Veterans with PTSD only and with PTSD+ADHD reported significantly worse functional status (β’s = 13.56–24.74, p’s &lt; 0.0001), mood (β’s = 7.87–17.30, p’s &lt; 0.0001), sleep quality (β’s = 5.06–6.73, p’s &lt; 0.0001), and neurobehavioral symptoms (β’s = 16.37–25.36, p’s &lt; 0.0001) compared to other groups.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that PTSD has a larger impact on cognitive performance, specifically processing speed, and functioning than ADHD alone. However, when combined, ADHD compounds the effects of PTSD, resulting in worse functioning across multiple domains compared to Veterans who have only ADHD or PTSD.
A - 127 Unveiling Discrepancies in Identifying Depression in Dementia: a Comparative Analysis of Caregiver and Patient Self-Report Measures
Authors: Ortiz Bailey L , Callahan Patrick , Shdo Suzanne , Hebron Liberty , Rijpma Myrthe , Antoniou Rea , Miller Bruce L , Rankin Katherine P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Standard assessment of depression in research and clinical care with persons with dementia (PWD) relies on caregiver report, and views of PWD are typically not incorporated due to concerns that they lack insight into their own neuropsychiatric status. This study explored the discrepancies between self-reported and caregiver-reported depression among PWD.

Method
Participants included 373 PWD who met criteria for Alzheimer’s disease, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, and progressive supranuclear palsy. Each PWD self-reported depressive symptoms using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), including subscales of dysphoria, withdrawal, worry, worthlessness, and cognitive concern. Caregivers described the PWD using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) depression and apathy subscales.

Results
Of the total sample, 112 (30%) patients were positive for depression on both their self-report (GDS total &gt; =13) and their informant report (NPI depression = yes). However, 226 (60.5%) patients self-reported depression on the GDS, including dysphoria and hopelessness, but their caregivers reported no depression. Additionally, 110 (49%) patients who self-reported depression but whose informants reported no depression were described as apathetic by their informants, compared to 43 (19%) of these depressed patients whose informants did not report depression or apathy.

Conclusion
These results suggest that overreliance on caregivers’ reports of depression may seriously underrepresent rates of depression in PWD and mischaracterize patients’ experience. Difficulty distinguishing depression from apathy accounted for only part of this PWD-caregiver discrepancy. Prioritizing PWD self-report of mood, and broadening caregiver education about depression, may improve care and quality of life for PWD.
A - 137 Head Injury Due to Intimate Partner Violence: Pain Severity and Interference
Authors: Leong Sharon E , Logan T K , Karr Justin E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study examined pain severity and interference in women survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) with and without head injuries (HIs), including women with IPV-related and non-IPV-related HIs. Hypotheses were (1) women with IPV-related HIs would report greater pain severity than women without HIs, but comparable severity to women with non-IPV-related HIs, and (2) women with IPV-related HIs would report greater pain interference than women without HIs and women with non-IPV-related HIs.

Method
Among women IPV survivors, 268 reported no HIs (M(age) = 30.9 ± 9.8 years-old, 77.2% White), 113 reported non-IPV-related HIs (M = 31.5 ± 9.2, 88.5% White), and 251 reported IPV-related HIs (M = 32.9 ± 8.9; 88.0% White). Participants reported pain severity and interference in past week.

Results
Women with IPV-related HIs reported higher pain severity than women without HIs (p &lt; 0.001, d = 0.49 [95% CI: 0.32, 0.66]), but comparable severity to women with non-IPV-related HIs (p = 0.233, d = 0.24 [0.02, 0.46]). Women with IPV-related HIs reported more pain interference than women without HIs (p &lt; 0.001, d = 0.60 [0.42, 0.77]) and women with non-IPV-related HIs (p = 0.017, d = 0.34 [0.12, 0.56]); however, after controlling for covariates (demographics, physical/sexual violence), the HI groups reported similar pain interference (p = 1.00).

Conclusions
Women with IPV-related HIs reported the highest pain severity and interference, although this difference became non-significant after controlling for lifetime IPV severity. Pain interference among women with IPV-related HIs may be related to more severe physical violence, coercive control, and emotional trauma.
A - 140 Relationships between Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury and Impulsivity, Aggression, and Incarceration in Adulthood
Authors: Dorman Katherine , LaDuke Casey 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
A traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to impaired self-regulatory behaviors such as impulsivity, aggression, and poor decision making. It was hypothesized that childhood TBI would relate to higher impulsivity, aggression, and incarceration in adulthood.

Method
The current study analyzes an archival dataset of 95 incarcerated men from a correctional facility. Composite scores were created for impulsivity self-report, impulsivity neurobehavioral, and aggression. The measures used to assess each of these were Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale, Dysexecutive Questionnaire, Triarchic Psychopathic Measure Disinhibition scale and Meanness scale, Porteous Maze Task, Color-Word Interference Test, Aggression Questionnaire, and Institutional records. Hypothesis testing was based on a series of analyses of covariance. Age was entered as the covariate for all analyses.

Results
Non-significant effects were observed between TBI with LOC before the age of 15 and impulsivity, F(1, 82) = 0.59, p = 0.45, ηp2 = 0.007;, F(1, 84) = 0.13, p = 0.72, ηp2 = 0.002, aggression, F(1, 83) = 0.27, p = 0.60, ηp2 = 0.003, and adult incarceration, F(1, 78) = 0.76, p = 0.39, ηp2 = 0.01. The covariate of age was found to be statistically significant with a medium effect in the incarceration model, F(1, 78) = 11.44, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.13.

Conclusion
Prior literature provides support for the hypotheses even though the results of this study didn’t. With greater research on TBI in childhood, we can discover and implement strategies to help children after they have had a TBI to boost development and prevent potential negative outcomes.
A - 149 Association between Brain Network Organization and Symptom Severity from Baseline to Post-Concussion
Authors: Laing Julia M , Bouchard Heather C , Higgins Kate L , Maerlender Arthur , Neta Maital , Savage Cary R , Schultz Douglas H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Concussions have been associated with functional connectivity changes that impact physical and psychiatric health. Previous research has focused on the relationship between average network functional connectivity changes following concussion and symptom severity, but this approach may be insensitive to subtle nodal changes that still result in the disruption of within network organization, and therefore, impact symptom severity. We hypothesized that individuals who exhibit more disruptions in brain network organization post-concussion (~48 hrs post-diagnosis) would self-report a higher symptom load acutely post-injury.

Method
Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained for collegiate football players (n = 37; Mage = 19.8, SDage = 1.85) at baseline and acute post-concussion. Functional connectivity matrices were constructed using 264 regions (Power et al., 2011). We calculated normalized betweenness centrality (BCnorm) for all DMN nodes at both time-points. Then similarity of pre-post patterns for BCnorm in the DMN were calculated. Symptom load was baseline-post concussion difference severity score from Post-Concussion Symptom Scale clusters (affective, cognitive, sleep, somatic) (Collins et al., 2012). Finally, correlations were calculated of DMN-BCnorm similarity with symptom cluster changes.

Results
Athletes who have more disruptions to brain network organization in the DMN from baseline to post-concussion report more somatic symptoms acutely post-concussion. We did not find any relationships between disruption of brain network properties in the DMN and changes in other symptom clusters.

Conclusions
Athletes who exhibit more disruptions in the DMN report more somatic symptoms following concussion. These results suggest that examining patterns of brain network organization may be more sensitive than network average when relating brain changes to symptom change.
A - 154 Neuropsychological Profile of a Patient Post Anoxic Brain Injury with Balint Syndrome: a Case Study Five Years Post-Injury
Authors: Moncivais Jacqueline A , Piszczor Justyna , Yang Jessica , Fink Joseph W 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Cerebral anoxia is the absence or near absence of oxygen in the brain’s arterial blood supply. One cause of cerebral anoxia is acute cardiorespiratory failure, which, if left untreated, can lead to brain tissue necrosis, causing an anoxic brain injury (AnBI). AnBI causes a range of motor and cognitive deficits, though long-term (&gt; 2.0 years) neuropsychological sequelae of AnBI are not well understood.

Method
A 66-year-old female presented for a neuropsychological evaluation 5.4 years status post myocardial infarction complicated by cardiac arrest requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for one hour. The patient was comatose for two weeks and initially exhibited a 20-year- retrograde amnesia (RA). She reportedly reached a cognitive plateau approximately 2.5 years after the original insult. 4.9 years after the original insult, a new emergence of severe functional impairment was observed. Relevant medical history was significant for hypertension, hypocholesterolemia, and coronary artery disease. Neuroimaging revealed mild cortical atrophy and mild microvascular ischemia.

Results
Her neurocognitive profile demonstrated impairments in all assessed cognitive domains. Her MMSE score declined 11 points in 2 months. Behavioral observations and assessment findings demonstrated features of Balint’s Syndrome (e.g., optic apraxia, optic ataxia, simultanagnosia).

Conclusions
The patient’s AnBI was severe, given multiple markers: CPR duration, coma length, and RA. Moreover, her decline in functional ability demonstrates that a resurgence of functional impairment 5.4 years status post a severe AnBI is possible, highlighting the importance of neuropsychological monitoring over time.
A - 164 Executive Functioning Predicts Comparable Autobiographical Memory Accuracy in Severe TBI Adults and Controls
Authors: Stepien Danielle , Armstrong Sharon , Lindgren Karen , Wilson Patricia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The present study investigated the association between executive functioning (EF) and cognitive script accuracy for autobiographical events in adults with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Sequelae of sTBI commonly disrupt brain areas responsible for EF and retrieval of autobiographical knowledge, but script impairments are not consistently found, likely due to protocol differences, sample heterogeneity, and failure to assess for event exposure pre-injury. The present study remedied these issues obtaining a realistic assessment of script knowledge and its relation to EF. Twenty sTBI adults and 20 healthy controls recruited from a post-acute neurorehabilitation facility completed tasks evaluating autobiographical knowledge (central actions [CAs], trivial actions [TAs]) for three common events using multiple memory measures (recall, prediction, recognition). EF was assessed with standardized neuropsychological tasks of verbal fluency and social judgment. Controls performed better than sTBI adults on all EF measures (p &lt; 0.001), and recalled a greater proportion of CAs (F[2,19] = 4.63, p &lt; 0.05) but similar proportions of TAs (p = 0.952). Groups did not differ in predicting (p = 0.989) or recognizing (p = 0.202) autobiographical events. EF predicted CAs (R2 = 0.425, F[2,37] = 13.66, p &lt; 0.001) and TAs (R2 = 0.201,F[2,37] = 4.66, p &lt; 0.05) in both groups after controlling for estimated premorbid functioning. Severe TBI adults are fairly knowledgeable about common events. Executive dysfunction may inhibit successful initiation and completion of such events. Errors rarely occurred with these familiar events and within easier memory paradigms. Thus, development of therapies introducing a graded integration into novel events is a realistic goal. Because results are based on confirmed autobiographical events, these conclusions elicit greater confidence than ever before.
A - 166 Predictors of Intention to Participate in Programmed Exercise for Postconcussion Recovery
Authors: Sullivan Karen , Jaganathan Kannan Singaravelu , Greenslade Jaimi , McMahon Katie , Mitchell Gary , Kerr Graham 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Programmed exercise has been proposed for postconcussion recovery, but willingness to engage in such programs has not been explored. This study investigated sociocognitive factors from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and their relationship to exercise intention for postconcussion recovery (intention).

Method
Four hundred and fifty-nine adults completed an online survey (Age = 18–72 years, 34% concussion history). All participants received information about mTBI, postconcussion symptoms, and programmed exercise. The measures assessed TPB constructs including intention, and evaluated program design features that could affect engagement (e.g., session frequency).

Results
Structured equation modelling found that intention was significantly predicted (p &lt; 0.05) by subjective norms (strongest predictor) and perceived behavioral control (weaker predictor). Attitudes did not significantly predict intention. The model accounted for approximately half of the variance in exercise intention (R2 = 0.506). The addition of moderators (habitual exercise, concussion history) did not have any effect. Key program design features were personalization and supervision.

Conclusions
People’s intention to undertake programmed exercise for postconcussion recovery is shaped by individual psychological factors, especially subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. This could be considered in the program design (e.g., building program connections with significant others; fostering a sense of control through personalization/session timetabling). Further research is needed to establish the effect of such additions on engagement with programmed exercise for postconcussion recovery.
A - 171 Neuropsychological Performance Relates to Observed Risky Driving in Healthy Adults
Authors: Lyons Rachel , Ang Jocelyn , Split Molly , Gonevski Aleksandar , Ogunkoya Oluwatoniloba , Hasan Tasmia , Devlin Kathryn , Schultheis Maria 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study uses video telematics to examine relationships between neuropsychological performance and directly observed naturalistic driving-as-usual in healthy adult drivers. We hypothesized that visual attention and executive function measures would have the strongest associations with unsafe driving behaviors.

Method
Twenty-five healthy drivers (ages 23–61, 62% women) were recruited from the general community into this cross-sectional study. They completed neuropsychological testing and 28 days of naturalistic driving with an in-vehicle video telematics platform that detected unsafe driving behaviors. The neuropsychological battery measured driving-relevant domains, namely visual attention, processing speed, executive function, and visuospatial memory. We examined correlations between neuropsychological measures and unsafe behaviors.

Results
Unsafe following distance correlated with better performance on Useful Field of View Selective Attention (r = 0.55, p = 0.004, 95% CI = 0.19–0.77), Symbol Digit Modalities Test Written (r = 0.51, p = 0.009, CI = 0.13–0.76) and Oral (r = 0.51, p = 0.010, CI = 0.13–0.75), Trails B (r = 0.42, p = 0.035, CI = 0.02–0.70), and Stroop Color (r = 0.46, p = 0.022, CI = 0.06–0.72). Speeding correlated with better Spatial Recall Test Immediate (r = 0.48, p = 0.015, CI = 0.10–0.73) and Delay performance (r = 0.42, p = 0.038, CI = 0.02–0.69).

Conclusion
In healthy adult drivers, better performance in the domains of visuospatial memory, processing speed, and attention is associated with greater engagement in unsafe driving behaviors. In the absence of concern about cognitive compromise, individuals may feel more comfortable making risky behaviors. We plan to expand this work to broader samples and clinical populations to increase generalizability and applicability to clinical driving evaluations.