bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high level of scientific evidence is available to guide treatment of primary shoulder stiffness: The SIAGASCOT consensus
Authors: Cucchi Davide , Di Giacomo Giovanni , Compagnoni Riccardo , Castricini Roberto , Formigoni Chiara , Radici Mattia , Melis Barbara , Brindisino Fabrizio , De Giorgi Silvana , De Vita Andrea , Lisai Andrea , Mangiavini Laura , Candela Vincenzo , Carrozzo Alessandro , Pannone Antonello , Menon Alessandra , Giudici Luca Dei , Klumpp Raymond , Padua Roberto , Carnevale Arianna , Rosa Francesco , Marmotti Antongiulio , Peretti Giuseppe M. , Berruto Massimo , Milano Giuseppe , Randelli Pietro , Bonaspetti Giovanni , De Girolamo Laura 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeShoulder stiffness (SS) is a condition characterised by active and passive restricted glenohumeral range of motion, which can occur spontaneously in an idiopathic manner or be associated with a known underlying aetiology. Several treatment options are available and currently no consensus has been obtained on which treatment algorithm represents the best choice for the patient. Herein we present the results of a national consensus on the treatment of primary SS.MethodsThe project followed the modified Delphi consensus process, involving a steering, a rating and a peer‐review group. Sixteen questions were generated and subsequently answered by the steering group after a thorough literature search. A rating group composed by professionals specialised in the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder pathologies rated the question–answer sets according to the scientific evidence and their clinical experience.ResultsRecommendations were rated with an average of 8.4 points out of maximum 9 points. None of the 16 answers received a rating of less than 8 and all the answers were considered as appropriate. The majority of responses were assessed as Grade A, signifying a substantial availability of scientific evidence to guide treatment and support recommendations encompassing diagnostics, physiotherapy, electrophysical agents, oral and injective medical therapies, as well as surgical interventions for primary SS.ConclusionsA consensus regarding the conservative and surgical treatment of primary SS could be achieved at a national level. This consensus sets basis for evidence‐based clinical practice in the management of primary SS and can serve as a model for similar initiatives and adaptable guidelines in other European countries and potentially on a global scale.Level of Evidence: Level I.
Accelerating Biodegradation: Enhancing Poly(lactic acid) Breakdown at Mesophilic Environmental Conditions with Biostimulants
Authors: Mayekar Pooja C. , Auras Rafael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) has garnered interest due to its low environmental footprint and ability to replace conventional polymers and be disposed of in industrial composting environments. Although PLA is compostable when subjected to a suitable set of conditions, its broader acceptance in industrial composting facilities has been affected adversely due to longer degradation timeframes than the readily biodegradable organic waste fraction. PLA must be fully exposed to thermophilic conditions for prolonged periods to biodegrade, which has restricted its adoption and hindered its acceptance in industrial composting facilities, negating its home composting potential. Thus, enhancing PLA biodegradation is crucial to expand its acceptance. PLA's biodegradability is investigated in a compost matrix under mesophilic conditions at 37 °C for 180 days by biostimulating the compost environment with skim milk, gelatin, and ethyl lactate to enhance the different stages of PLA biodegradation. The evolved CO2, number average molecular weight (Mn), and crystallinity evolution are tracked. To achieve a Mn ≲ 10 kDa for PLA, the biodegradation rate is accelerated by 15% by adding skim milk, 25% by adding gelatin, and 22% by adding ethyl lactate. This work shows potential techniques to help biodegrade PLA in home composting setting by adding biostimulants.
Insights into Ganoderma fungi meroterpenoids opening a new era of racemic natural products in mushrooms
Authors: Zhang Jiao‐Jiao , Qin Fu‐Ying , Cheng Yong‐Xian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGanoderma meroterpenoids (GMs) containing 688 structures to date were discovered to have multiple remarkable biological activities. 65.6% of meroterpenoids featuring stereogenic centers from Ganoderma species are racemates. Further, GMs from different Ganoderma species seem to have their own characteristics. In this review, a comprehensive summarization of GMs since 2000 is presented, including GM structures, structure corrections, biological activities, physicochemical properties, total synthesis, and proposed biosynthetic pathways. Additionally, we especially discuss the racemic nature, species‐related structural distribution, and structure–activity relationship of GMs, which will provide a likely in‐house database and shed light on future studies on GMs.
Non‐parametric measure approximations for constrained multi‐objective optimisation under uncertainty
Authors: Rivier M. , Razaaly N. , Congedo P.M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this article, we propose non‐parametric estimations of robustness and reliability measures approximation error, employed in the context of constrained multi‐objective optimisation under uncertainty (OUU). These approximations with tunable accuracy permit to capture the Pareto front in a parsimonious way, and can be exploited within an adaptive refinement strategy. First, we illustrate an efficient approach for obtaining joint representations of the robustness and reliability measures, allowing sharper discrimination of Pareto‐optimal designs. A specific surrogate model of these objectives and constraints is then proposed to accelerate the optimisation process. Secondly, we propose an adaptive refinement strategy, using these tunable accuracy approximations to drive the computational effort towards the computation of the optimal area. To this extent, an adapted Pareto dominance rule and Pareto optimal probability computation are formulated. The performance of the proposed strategy is assessed on several analytical test‐cases against classical approaches. We also illustrate the method on an engineering application, performing shape OUU of an Organic Rankine Cycle turbine.
TO‐NODE: Topology optimization with neural ordinary differential equation
Authors: Ma Qiaochu , De Meter Edward C. , Basu Saurabh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDeep learning methods have become attractive recently to accelerate topology optimization (TO) because of their capability to save huge computational costs with negligible sacrifice in the quality of final topologies. However, most current approaches rely on numerical mechanics platforms for training which incur significant computation costs. Further, current approaches are not suited for dynamically changing boundary conditions. This is because these deep learning frameworks once trained using results generated with a specific set of boundary conditions do not readily adapt to others. In this article, we present a novel approach to leverage the abilities of deep learning models for TO. We demonstrate that optimization can be achieved using a neural ordinary differential equation. The evolution of the design variable in each iteration of TO is then achieved by numerical integration of this neural differential equation with respect to the starting design. To improve the quality of the results, two levels of generative adversarial networks are also introduced, at the sequence, and image levels, respectively. The proposed machine learning framework is capable of generating full optimization paths relevant to TO in high resolution within seconds and can address novel unseen boundary conditions.
Carbon Nanofibers‐Based Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Li Chao , Jiang Wen‐jun , Liu Zhen‐yu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years, with the global warming getting worse and increasing demand for energy, countries around the world are trying to develop new energy storage technologies to solve this problem. Currently, potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted tremendous attention from researchers as low‐cost and high‐performance energy storage devices. However, due to the huge ionic radius of K+, PIBs face significant volume expansion during cycling, which can easily lead to the collapse of electrode structures. In addition, the poor diffusion kinetics of K+ seriously affect the electrochemical performance of the battery. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs)‐based materials (including CNFs, metal/CNFs composites, chalcogenide/CNFs composites, and other CNFs‐based materials) are widely used as PIBs electrode anode materials due to their three‐dimensional conductive network, heteroatom doping and excellent mechanical properties. This review discusses in detail the research progress of CNFs‐based materials in PIBs, including material preparation, structural design, and performance optimization. On this basis, this article explores the key issues faced by CNFs‐based materials and future development directions, and proposes improvement suggestions for providing new ideas for the development of CNFs‐based materials.
Constructing independent CNTs conductive network to boost combustion performance of metastable intermixed composites
Authors: Yang Pei , Liu Huihui , Meng Linghui , Bai Yongping , He Jinmei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNovel metastable intermixed composites (MICs) constructed by carbon nanomaterials are expected to achieve high energy content and high combustion efficiency, but traditional preparation technologies always bring barely improvement in performance. Herein, novel PVDF/CuO/Al@CNTs MICs with independent continuous carbon nanotubes (CNTs) conductive networks were prepared by thoroughly utilizing the conductivity and photothermal properties of CNTs. A conductive network can be constructed at the interface of each encapsulated PVDF/CuO/Al particle with the addition of >0.5 wt% CNTs. The great increase in electrical and thermal conductivity of PVDF/CuO/Al@CNTs MICs indicates excellent energy transfer efficiency across the sample. Significant enhancement of the combustion reaction has been achieved, with the minimum ignition energy and ignition delay time of PVDF/CuO/Al@CNTs3 reduced by ~31% and ~50%, respectively. This indicates that the CNTs with unique photothermal properties can be utilized as an effective igniter. Moreover, the optimal PVDF/CuO/Al@CNTs1 MICs enhanced the pressurization rate (~300%), energy output (~55%), and combustion velocity (~200%). The mechanism of the fast combustion reaction can also be discussed by the weak interface interaction and the energy conductive of the CNTs network throughout the sample. This work provides a modern strategy for strong combustion MICs that can be generalized and applied in the field of energetic materials.Highlights
An independent continuous CNTs conductive network was prepared with a small amount of CNTs.
The electrical and heat conversion efficiency is greatly improved.
CNTs with unique photothermal properties can be utilized as an effective igniter.
The laser sensitivity is improved, and the reaction energy, pressure, and pressure rates are significantly increased.
The combustion performance was significantly improved, and more intense, and the combustion speed was significantly increased.
Experimental investigations into damage mechanism in the low‐velocity impact and tension‐after‐impact testing of z‐pin reinforced curved CFRP composite
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Sang Chen , Jin Kexin , Hou Jiahao , Yin Mingxin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the influence of z‐pins on the impact resistance and residual tensile properties of composite large curvature components through low‐velocity impact and tension‐after‐impact tests to explore the damage mechanism. Unpinned and z‐pinned specimens with different diameters (0.3 and 0.5 mm) and spacing (3, 4, and 5 mm) were impacted at energies of 28 J and 14 J + 14 J and were stretched until failure. The theoretical models were used to predict impact dent depth and tensile strength, and the effectiveness of z‐pins and damage patterns were characterized by force‐time/displacement curves and through visual observation. The agreement between the experiments and predictions can thus validate the presented approach. Through the low‐velocity impact test, it is found that z‐pins with higher density and smaller diameter make the impact dent shallower and the surface damage less, thus showing better performance. Later, the impacted specimens mainly show delamination, explosion, breakage, and splitting after tension. During the first stage of the force‐displacement curves, since z‐pins mitigate the delamination, tensile strength shows a 29.58%–59.17% increase while in the third stage, a decrease of 3.95%–15.12% occurs due to initial damage caused by z‐pins.Highlights
Different impact energies are implemented on large curved CFRP laminates of z‐pins with different diameters and spacing to explore the damage mechanism.
Low‐velocity impact and tension‐after‐impact (TAI) tests are used to simulate the centrifugal force of the blade subjected to impact and rotation after impact.
Z‐pinned group with a small diameter and high density causes less damage and tensile strength in the first stage increases while decreasing in the third stage compared with the unpinned group.
Progress in preparation, processing, and application of high dielectric polypropylene matrix composite materials
Authors: Tao Hengcong , Yan Ming , Zhang Lu , Zou Zimo , Han Beibei , Dong Haipeng , Zhu Baikang , Li Xin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCurrently, in the era of highly advanced information technology, dielectric materials exhibit extensive potential applications in the realms of energy storage and information transmission. Polypropylene stands as one of the most prevalent plastics, lauded for its exceptional mechanical, thermal, electrical, and processing attributes. This article expounds upon the intricate essence and energy storage principles underpinning dielectric materials while pinpointing the areas in which the current dielectric materials necessitate enhancements. It further delves into the study's selection of polypropylene as the base material, with a focus on the impact of individual fillers (ferroelectric ceramics, carbon materials, etc.) and mixed filler nanoparticles on augmenting the dielectric properties of polypropylene. We also delve into pertinent fabrication techniques and methodologies, such as the solution blending method, melt blending method, and in situ polymerization method. In the context of existing polypropylene‐based composite dielectric materials, this article introduces two quintessential applications: insulation materials for direct current cables and metal capacitor films. Finally, it concludes by summarizing the obstacles and challenges that high‐performance polypropylene‐based dielectric composites confront and offers insights into potential avenues for future research.
A comprehensive review on polystyrene/waste rubber blends: Effective parameters on mechanical properties
Authors: Khoubi‐Arani Zahra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPolystyrene (PS), as a commercial thermoplastic polymer, suffers from brittleness at low temperatures. Blending with elastomers can resolve this defect. In this regard, waste rubbers from tires, shoes, and other sources are promising candidates for some applications. This approach of waste rubber recycling is an environmental‐friendly and economical method to produce value‐added products. This work aims to comprehensively review all reported cases regarding PS (or high‐impact polystyrene, HIPS, and expanded polystyrene, EPS)/waste rubber blends. The influences of different parameters on the mechanical properties were carefully summarized, including mixing conditions (temperature, mixing time, rotor speed, and mixing sequence), rubber content, rubber particle size, compatibilizer addition, rubber devulcanization, and surface treatment of rubber. Some parameters had a negligible effect on the mechanical properties, such as the rotor speed in the mixing process, while significant influences were observed for some parameters, such as rubber content. The effect of some parameters was remarkable only at low or high rubber loading, such as particle size and solvent‐inducing surface treatment of rubber, respectively. Finally, the effects of aforementioned parameters on tensile and impact strengths were compared and recommendations for future research in this field were suggested.Highlights
All reported research regarding PS/waste rubber blends was comprehensively reviewed.
All different factors influencing mechanical properties were carefully summarized.
The effects of different factors on tensile and impact strengths were compared.
Inflammatory rebound and postinfectious inflammatory response in children with pleural infection: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Poirault Clément , Hadchouel Alice , Roy Charlotte , Schmartz Sophie , Gonsard Apolline , Garcelon Nicolas , Delacourt Christophe , Drummond David 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionAs pleural inflammation plays a central role in pleural infection (PI), corticosteroids are increasingly being considered as a potential therapy. However, the timing of treatment and the identification of patients who might benefit most remain unresolved. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the inflammatory trajectories of children with PI.MethodsThis retrospective single‐center study included children aged 3 months to 17 years and 11 months hospitalized for PI due to Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus over 10 years. An inflammatory rebound was defined biologically as a reincrease in C‐reactive protein (CRP) of at least 50 mg/L after an initial decrease in CRP of at least 50 mg/L.ResultsWe included 53 cases of PI, including 16 due to S. pyogenes, 27 due to S. pneumonia, and 10 due to S. aureus. An inflammatory rebound occurred in 20 patients (38%) after a median of 4.5 (3−6) days. This inflammatory rebound occurred in 9 (56%) children with S. pyogenes, 8 (30%) children with S. pneumonia, and 3 (30%) children with S. aureus. Children with an inflammatory rebound also had a higher rate of persistent fever after Day 7 and a longer length of stay (p = .01 for both).ConclusionWe postulate that the inflammatory rebound identified in nearly 40% of our patients corresponds to an early postinfectious inflammatory response, and thus that corticosteroids may be most beneficial for children with PI if administered early (between Days 2 and 5).
Virtual consultation (VC) in fertility and obstetrics and gynaecology services: An analysis of patient and clinician satisfaction
Authors: D'Angelo Arianna , Evans Francesca , Williams Jessica , Johns Gemma , Ahuja Alka 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess patient and clinician satisfaction and identify any differences between the two with the use of video consulting (VC) in the fields of obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G) and fertility in Wales.DesignA retrospective electronic survey study.SettingAll public hospitals in Wales that used virtual methods for delivery of fertility and/or O&G appointments during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic between August 2020 and March 2022.PopulationPatients awaiting an appointment on the National Health Service, who have attended virtual fertility or O&G appointments in Wales, and fertility and O&G clinicians who have conducted appointments virtually.MethodsAnalysis of patient and clinician responses to a VC satisfaction survey delivered after their consultation taking place between August 2020 and March 2022.Main Outcome MeasuresPatient and clinician satisfaction rates with the use of virtual consultation in fertility and O&G appointments.ResultsIn satisfaction data collected from 420 patients and 161 clinicians, 83% of patients and 63% of clinicians reported their VC quality to be ‘very good’ or ‘excellent’. Difficulties when using VC were experienced by a minority of patients (1%–9%) and clinicians (1%–8%) and most patients (52v82%) and clinicians (34%–67%) found several aspects of VC to be ‘very beneficial’. Fertility patients rated their VC experience more positively than O&G patients.ConclusionsMost patients and clinicians were satisfied with their VC experience. Patients were more satisfied with the use of VC than clinicians. Fertility patients were more satisfied with the use of VC than O&G patients.
Optimal guidance track generation for precision agriculture: A review of coverage path planning techniques
Authors: Höffmann Maria , Patel Shruti , Büskens Christof 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Complete Coverage Path Planning (CCPP) problem is a subfield of industrial motion planning that has applications in various domains, ranging from mobile robotics to treatment applications. Especially in precision agriculture with a high level of automation, the use of CCPP techniques is essential for efficient resource utilization, reduced soil compaction, and increased yields. This paper reviews the CCPP problem in the context of machines operating in agricultural fields and proposes a methodological approach consisting of three steps: Generating the Guidance Tracks (i.e., the track system along which the path should be oriented), determining the traversing sequence through these tracks, and planning a smooth and drivable path. This paper provides an in‐depth review of optimization‐based approaches that deal with the first step, the generation of the guidance track system. Thereby, a comprehensive and pedagogical approach for the generation of guidance tracks for arbitrarily shaped two‐dimensional regions of interest is provided, along with an overview and detailed elaboration on different exact cellular decomposition techniques found in literature. Furthermore, cost functions are outlined for the different approaches presented in this work, which are utilized to generate optimal guidance tracks. Finally, this survey serves as an introductory guide for research and practitioners to solve the CCPP problem effectively and efficiently.
Unveiling NRlncRNAs as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for head‐and‐neck squamous cell carcinoma through machine learning
Authors: Shao Jiao , Xiong Bo , Lei Deru , Chen Xiaojian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHead‐and‐neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients often exhibit insensitivity to immunotherapy, leading to treatment failure. Identifying potential biomarkers that can predict prognosis and improve the efficacy of treatment is crucial. In this study, we aimed to identify necroptosis‐related long noncoding RNAs (NRlncRNAs) as potential therapeutic targets to improve the prognosis of HNSCC patients. By exploring the Genotype‐Tissue Expression Project (GTEx) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, we identified NRlncRNAs and developed a risk model comprising 17 NRlncRNAs to predict the prognosis of HNSCC patients and to classify patients into two clusters based on their expression levels. We conducted various analyses, such as the Kaplan–Meier analysis, GSEA and IC50 prediction, to evaluate the differences in sensitivity to immunotherapy between the two clusters. Our findings suggest that NRlncRNAs have potential as therapeutic targets for improving the prognosis of HNSCC patients, and that individualized treatment approaches based on NRlncRNA expression levels can improve the sensitivity of immunotherapy and overall treatment outcomes. This study highlights new perspectives within clinical cancer informatics and provides insight into potential therapeutic strategies for HNSCC patients.