bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Customizable Microfluidic Devices: Progress, Constraints, and Future
Advances
Authors: Aljabali Alaa A. A. , Obeid Mohammad A. , Mishra Vijay , El-Tanani Mohamed , Tambuwala Murtaza M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
The field of microfluidics encompasses the study of fluid behavior within micro-channels
and the development of miniature systems featuring internal compartments or passageways tailored
for fluid control and manipulation. Microfluidic devices capitalize on the unique chemical and physical
properties exhibited by fluids at the microscopic scale. In contrast to their larger counterparts,
microfluidic systems offer a multitude of advantages. Their implementation facilitates the investigation
and utilization of reduced sample, solvent, and reagent volumes, thus yielding decreased operational
expenses. Owing to their compact dimensions, these devices allow for the concurrent execution
of multiple procedures, leading to expedited experimental timelines. Over the past two decades, microfluidics
has undergone remarkable advancements, evolving into a multifaceted discipline. Subfields
such as organ-on-a-chip and paper-based microfluidics have matured into distinct fields of
study. Nonetheless, while scientific progress within the microfluidics realm has been notable, its
translation into autonomous end-user applications remains a frontier to be fully explored. This paper
sets forth the central objective of scrutinizing the present research paradigm, prevailing limitations,
and potential prospects of customizable microfluidic devices. Our inquiry revolves around the latest
strides achieved, prevailing constraints, and conceivable trajectories for adaptable microfluidic technologies.
We meticulously delineate existing iterations of microfluidic systems, elucidate their operational
principles, deliberate upon encountered limitations, and provide a visionary outlook toward the
future trajectory of microfluidic advancements. In summation, this work endeavors to shed light on
the current state of microfluidic systems, underscore their operative intricacies, address incumbent
challenges, and unveil promising pathways that chart the course toward the next frontier of microfluidic
innovation.
Amlodipine Ocular Delivery Restores Ferning Patterns and Reduces
Intensity of Glycosylated Peak of Carrageenan-Induced Tear Fluid: An
In-Silico Flexible Docking with IL-β1
Authors: Nanda Ashirbad , Sahoo Rudra Narayan , Gour Mahendra , Swain Sandeep Kumar , Das Debajyoti , Nayak Amit Kumar , Mallick Subrata 
Published: November 2023

Background:
The tear ferning test can be an easy clinical procedure for the evaluation and
characterization of the ocular tear film.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to examine the restoration of tear ferning patterns and
reduction of glycosylation peak after amlodipine application in carrageenan-induced conjunctivitis.

Methods:
At the rabbit’s upper palpebral region, carrageenan was injected for cytokine-mediated
conjunctivitis. Ferning pattern and glycosylation of the tear fluid were characterized using various
instrumental analyses. The effect of amlodipine was also examined after ocular instillation and flexible
docking studies.

Results:
Optical microscopy showed a disrupted ferning of the tear collected from the inflamed eye.
FTIR of the induced tear fluid exhibited peaks within 1000-1200 cm-1, which might be due to the
protein glycosylation absent in the normal tear spectrogram. The glycosylation peak reduced
significantly in the tear sample collected from the amlodipine-treated group. Corresponding energy
dispersive analysis showed the presence of sulphur, indicating protein leakage from the lacrimal
gland in the induced group. The disappearance of sulphur from the treated group indicated its
remedial effect. The flexible docking studies revealed a stronger binding mode of amlodipine with
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The reduction in the intensity of the glycosylated peak and the restoration
offering are probably due to suppression of IL-1β.

Conclusion:
This study may be helpful in obtaining primary information for drug discovery to be
effective against IL-1β and proving tear fluid as a novel diagnostic biomarker.
Alterations of Cerebral Blood Flow and its Connectivity Patterns Measured with Arterial Spin Labeling in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Qiu Mingjuan , Zhou Di , Zhu Haiyan , Shao Yongjia , Li Yan , Wang Yibin , Zong Genlin , Xi Qian 
Published: November 2023

Objectives:
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is an important index for measuring brain function.
Studies have shown that regional CBF changes inconsistently in mild cognitive impairment
(MCI). Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is widely used in the study of CBF in patients with MCI.
However, alterations in CBF connectivity in these patients remain poorly understood.

Methods:
In this study, 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (3D-pCASL) technology was
used to investigate the changes in regional CBF and CBF connectivity between 32 MCI patients
and 32 healthy controls. The normalized CBF was used to reduce inter-subject variations. Both
group comparisons in the CBF and correlations between CBF alterations and cognitive scores were
assessed. CBF connectivity of brain regions with regional CBF differences was also compared between
groups.

Results:
We found that compared with that in controls, the CBF was significantly reduced in the
left superior parietal gyrus in MCI patients, whereas it was increased in the left precentral gyrus,
right superior temporal gyrus, right putamen, and left supplementary motor area. In patients with
MCI, significant correlations were identified between CBF and neuropsychological scales. Importantly,
MCI patients exhibited CBF disconnections between the left supplementary motor area
and the left superior parietal gyrus.

Conclusion:
This study found that there are not only changes in regional CBF but also in CBF
connectivity patterns in MCI patients compared with controls. These observations may provide a
novel explanation for the neural mechanism underlying the pathophysiology in patients with Alzheimer’s
disease and MCI.
The Effect of Probiotics on Phototherapy for Bilirubin Reduction in Term Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Eghbalian Fatemeh , Sabzehei Mohamad Kazem , Talesh Soroush Taheri , Raeisi Roya , Jenabi Ensiyeh 
Published: November 2023

Background:
This interventional study aimed to assess the impact of combining probiotics
with phototherapy compared to using phototherapy alone on bilirubin reduction in term neonates
hospitalized in neonatal wards in a pediatric hospital in western Iran.

Methods:
This clinical trial study included 150 term neonates with a gestational age of 37 to 42
weeks, birth weight of more than 2500 g, and diagnosed with neonatal jaundice. Patients were
equally assigned to two groups of phototherapy (wavelength 420-450 nm) with oral probiotics
(PediLact drop, 10 drops daily) and phototherapy alone through a simple random sampling
method. Serum bilirubin levels (SBL) at the time of intervention, and 24, 48, and 72 hours later,
duration of phototherapy, duration of hospitalization, and the need for blood transfusion were compared
in the two groups. We used t-test and repeated analysis of variance to compare continuous
variables. SPSS24 software was used to analyze the data. The significance level was set as 0.05.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference found between the two groups regarding
basic variables, gender, birth weight, gestational age, maternal age, and neonatal age at hospitalization
time. On the first day of hospitalization, the mean serum bilirubin level (SBL) in the combinatory
therapy group was 15.6 ± 1.7 mg/dl, while in the monotherapy group, it was 15.8 ± 1.6 mg/dl
(p = 0.584). On the second day, the mean SBL in the combinatory therapy group was 11.2 ± 2.2,
whereas in the monotherapy group, it was 12.4 ± 2.1. By the third day, these levels were 7.2 ± 0.9
and 7.8 ± 0.7, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Repeated
analysis of variance testing confirmed a statistically significant decrease in serum bilirubin
levels in both groups. The average length of hospital stay for the combinatory therapy group was
2.4 ± 0.5 days, compared to 2.8 ± 0.6 days in the phototherapy group (p = 0.001). In terms of phototherapy
duration, the combinatory therapy group received treatment for 26.2 ± 9.9 hours, while
the phototherapy group received it for 31.4 ± 10.3 hours (p = 0.001).

Conclusion:
The findings of the present study indicate that incorporating oral probiotics into phototherapy
for neonatal jaundice (icterus) treatment is associated with a reduction in phototherapy
duration and hospital stay.
Utility of the Presence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Detecting
COVID-19 in Symptomatic Children and Adolescents: An Analytical
Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sinaei Reza , Iranmanesh Kimia , Pezeshki Sara , Hasannejad Mohammad , Hosseininasab Ali , Parvaresh Saeedeh , Sinaei Roya 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Understanding immunoreactivity against SARS-CoV-2 provides a basis
for the pathophysiology of COVID-19 while also providing a means to confirm the disease and reduce
its transmission.

Methods:
The present cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1st, 2020 to December
30th, 2022. The patients’ characteristics, clinical and laboratory data, Polymerase Chain Reaction
(PCR) results, and the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (serology testing) were recorded.

Results:
A total of 182 children were included. PCR returned positive in 60.4%, while serology indicated
infection in 86.4% of the participants. Sex as a factor was not significantly associated with
the results of either of the tests. However, seropositive children were older (p < 0.001), while
PCR-positive children were younger (p < 0.01). Those who presented with cough (p < 0.05) or
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) (p < 0.05) had higher seropositivity rates than
those without. In contrast, those who presented with fever (p < 0.001) or seizures (p < 0.01) had
higher chances of having a positive PCR for COVID-19. In individuals suffering from arthralgia,
limping, or arthritis, positive serology was observed in 96.3%, 95.2%, and 96.9%, respectively.
However, positive results from PCR were observed in 67.2%, 67.1%, and 30.3% of the mentioned
individuals, respectively.

Conclusion:
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 serology is a valuable diagnostic tool in individuals presenting
late with arthralgia, arthritis, limping, MIS-C, or other delayed presentations, especially when
PCR returns negative for the virus.
Determination of Viscosity of Browntop Millet Grain Paste and Whole
Browntop Millet Flour Paste
Authors: Singh Shivani , Suri Sukhneet , Singh Ranjana 
Published: November 2023

Background::
Methods of incorporating millets in daily diets are increasingly being explored
to suit the consumer's changing needs. They are consumed mainly in low-middle-income
countries. Data (functional, sensory, physical, and nutritional) to support browntop millet (BTM)
use in various minimally processed/convenience foods is scanty.

Objectives::
This study was carried out to study the water absorption capacity and viscosity of
whole browntop millet (WBTM) grains and WBTM flour at different ratios with water after autoclaving
and blending and to explore the scope of developed BTM pastes, which could be used for
preparing a variety of products.

Methods::
WBTM grain pastes and WBTM flour pastes were prepared in different ratios of water,
such as 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3, 1:3.5, 1:4, 1:4.5, 1:5, 1:5.5, 1:6, 1:6.5.

Results::
It was found that the viscosity of pastes made from WBTM grain ranged from 40911 ±
1469 to 66867 ± 7469 mPa's at 24.2 ± 0. 2 to 24.7 ± 0.1˚C at 84.7 ± 3.3 to 95.3 ± 3.0% torque respectively.
RPM ranged from 11.9 ± 0.2 to 18.6 ± 0.5. The viscosity of WBTM flour pastes
ranged from 33874 ± 2864 to 45792 ± 1664 mPa's at 24.2 ± 0.1 to 24.5 ± 0.3°C at 81.7 ± 1.7 to
89.1 ± 3.0% torque with 10.8 ± 1.2 to 13.3 ± 3.2 RPM respectively.

Conclusion::
The viscosity of WBTM grain pastes was statistically greater than the viscosity of
WBTM flour pastes at a 5% significant level. Such pastes can be explored as convenience foods
(ready to cook/ ready to eat) for use at household and commercial levels to produce products similar
to bread, extruded products such as noodles, pasta, snacks etc.
Production and Evaluation of Peanut Butter Prepared with Peanut Shells
Authors: Elsawy Hayam A. , Alessa Fatima Mohammed , A. El-Kholany Ebtehal 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Innovative application of processing is an emerging trend in food production.

Objective:
The present study was conducted to produce peanut butter and evaluate the physical,
chemical, and sensory properties of the product, to which the outer shells of peanuts were added
in different proportions (5, 10, 15%) to reduce the calories of the product by reducing the fat content
in the peanut butter as well as benefiting from the shells as a residue secondary to the peanut
seeds.

Methods:
The chemical composition of the prepared sample, along with bioactive determination
Using HPLC, microbial testing, Aflatoxin content, and sensory evaluation, have been done for the
prepared peanut butter using standard methods.

Results:
The chemical composition of the peanut outer shell powder was characterized by the
highest value of fiber (46.6%), followed by total carbohydrates and protein (23.25%, (12.54%) respectively.
The produced peanut butter showed that the total carbohydrate resulted in the highest
value (23.25%), followed by fat (42.21) and protein (28.12%). Substitution at 5, 10, and 15%
peanut outer shell resulted in a non-significant difference concerning protein. At the same time,
the lipid content showed a significant decrease compared to the control. A similar trend was found
concerning total carbohydrate-to-fat content. Total fiber increased to 1.5 & 2.08, and 2.6 times as
high as the content parallel to dietary fiber, while β-Carotene decreased significantly due to the
substitution level. The substitution level decreased energy (cal) by about 203.58, 730.093, 562.86,
545.19, and 526.66, respectively, compared with the control. A slight increase was found in the
mineral content due to the substitution, except for the calcium increases at 15%. DPPH and ABTS%
increased in parallel with the substitution level, which was in line with total phenols and
flavonoids. Flavonoid fraction resulted in nariagin (94.72 QE), the major flavonoid, followed by
lutein (82.23 QE). Meanwhile, phenolic compounds were described with pyrogallol (68.31 GAE)
(as the main compound, followed by chlorogenic (780.76 GAE). The fatty acid composition
showed that oleic and linoleic were predominant in all treatments. Bacterial, yeast, and mold
counts appeared after three months of storage (20 ± 2°C). Aflatoxin was not detectable in the sample
of the peanut outer shells and peanut butter samples. Sensory characteristics showed approximately
the same score for all treatments except that of 15% substitution, which resulted in a significant
decrease in all parameters compared with the control.

Conclusion:
This study reported that 5%, followed by 10% of peanut outer shells, were the most
suitable levels for making peanut butter, improving the nutritional value by increasing the percentage
of fiber and antioxidants in peanut shells, leading to better quality products and shelf life.
Computer-aided Design of Wide-spectrum Coronavirus Helicase NSP13 Cage Inhibitors: A Molecular Modelling Approach
Authors: Shiryaev Vadim , Klimochkin Yuri 
Published: November 2023

Background:
The coronavirus helicase NSP13 plays a critical role in its life cycle.
The found NSP13 inhibitors have been tested only in vitro but they definitely have the potential
to become antiviral drugs. Thus, the search for NSP13 inhibitors is of great importance.

Objective:
The goal of the present work was to develop a general approach to the design of
ligands of coronaviral NSP13 helicase and to propose on its basis potential inhibitors.

Methods:
The structure of the NSP13 protein was refined by molecular dynamics and the cavity,
responsible for RNA binding, was chosen as the inhibitor binding site. The potential inhibitor
structures were identified by molecular docking and their binding was verified by molecular
dynamics simulation.

Results:
A number of potential NSP13 inhibitors were identified and the binding modes and
probable mechanism of action of potential inhibitors was clarified.

Conclusion:
Using the molecular dynamics and molecular docking techniques, we have refined
the structure of the coronavirus NSP13 helicase, a number of potential inhibitors, containing
cage fragment were proposed and their probable mechanism of action was clarified. The proposed
approach is also suitable for the design of ligands interacting with other viral helicases.
Cellular and DNA Toxicity Study of Triphenyltin Ethyl Phenyl Dithiocarbamate and Triphenyltin Butyl Phenyl Dithiocarbamate on K562, Leukemia Cell Line
Authors: Hamid Asmah , Rajab Nor Fadilah , Charmagne Yip , Awang Normah , Jufri Nurul Farhana , Rasli Nur Rasyiqin 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:Continuous research for new effective drugs to treat cancer has improved our understanding on the mechanism of action of these drugs and paved new potential for their application in cancer treatments. In this study, organotin compounds known as triphenyltin ethyl phenyl dithiocarbamate and triphenyltin butyl phenyl dithiocarbamate were investigated for their toxicity on leukemia cell line (K562) and non-cancerous cell line (Chang liver cell and lung fibroblast, V79 cell).Methods:MTT assay was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of both compounds toward the cells after 24, 48 and 72 hours of exposure or treatment. The alkaline comet assay was conducted to determine the DNA damage on K562 cells after been exposed to both compounds for 30, 60 and 90 minutes.Results:The IC50 values obtained from K562 cells ranged from 0.01 to 0.30 μM, whereas for both Chang liver cell and lung fibroblast V79 cell, the values ranged from 0.10 to 0.40 μM. For genotoxicity evaluation, the percentage of damaged DNA is measured as an average of tail moment, and was found to be within 1.20 to 2.20 A.U while the percentage of DNA intensity ranging from 1.50 to 3.50% indicating no genotoxic effects.Conclusion:Both compounds are cytotoxic toward leukemia cells and non-cancerous cells but do not exert their genotoxic effects towards leukemia cell.
Review Deciphering the Anticancer Efficacy of Resveratrol and their
Associated Mechanisms in Human Carcinoma
Authors: Arif Mohd , Pandey Pratibha , Khan Fahad 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
The scientific world has recently shown wider attention to elucidating the anticancerous
potential of numerous plant-based bioactive compounds. Many research studies have suggested
that consuming foods high in polyphenols, which are present in large amounts in grains,
legumes, vegetables, and fruits, may delay the onset of various illnesses, including cancer.
Normal cells with genetic abnormalities begin the meticulously organized path leading to cancer,
which causes the cells to constantly multiply, colonize, and metastasize to other organs like
the liver, lungs, colon, and brain. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring stilbene and non-flavonoid
polyphenol, a phytoestrogen with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anticancer
properties. Resveratrol makes cancer cells more susceptible to common chemotherapeutic
treatments by reversing multidrug resistance in cancer cells. This is especially true when
combined with clinically used medications. Several new resveratrol analogs with enhanced anticancer
effectiveness, absorption, and pharmacokinetic profile have been discovered. The present
emphasis of this review is the modulation of intracellular molecular targets by resveratrol in
vivo and in vitro in various malignancies. This review would help future researchers develop a
potent lead candidate for efficiently managing human cancers.
Current Understanding, Motivations, and Barriers Towards Implementing
Sustainable Initiatives in the Hospitality Industry in the Age of
Automation and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Bihari Singh Alok , Gaurav Gaurav , Sarkar Prabir , Sharan Dangayach Govind , Lal  Meena Makkhan 
Published: November 2023

Background::
Sustainability concerns are rapidly being acknowledged as a key concern
for hospitality sectors worldwide. Sustainable initiatives immediately contribute to improved organizational
performance in terms of utility consumption, waste management, and regulatory
compliance, resulting in cost-effectiveness and competitive advantage through distinctiveness.

Objective::
The purpose of the study is to analyze and summarize the motivations, indicators, and
barriers towards applications of sustainable initiatives and modern technologies in the hospitality
industry using the existing literature to develop a current understanding of the subject and know
the way the current industry is thinking about it.

Method::
This study is a combination of systematic and bibliometric review, where the systematic
review was based on selected articles from reputed journal databases, and the bibliometric review
was conducted using VOS viewer and web of science database for a period of 20 years (2002-
2022) Seven research questions were framed and answered for the systematic review.

Result::
By describing the motivations, barriers, and impacts of implementing sustainability initiatives
and cutting-edge technologies like AI and machine learning in the hospitality sector, the
study helps practitioners and academics understand its present state for robust research. The current
condition of such implantations in the hospitality sector is also discussed.

Conclusion::
This study adds value by shedding light on the perspective of sustainability in the
hospitality industry by considering the recommendations and practical advice for hotel management
suggested in the existing literature about the application of current sustainability innovations
and effective sustainability initiatives in hotel management.