bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodistribution of ultrasmall iron oxide particles in the rat liver
Authors: Van Beers Bernard E. , Sempoux Christine , Materne Roland , Delos Monique , Smith Anne M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFerumoxtran, an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particle, can be located in several tissue compartments in the liver, namely the extracellular space (blood and interstitium), reticuloendothelial cells, and possibly hepatocytes. To better understand the compartmental distribution of ferumoxtran in the liver, we performed a longitudinal study in the rat using microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. At light microscopy, no substantial cellular uptake of ferumoxtran was observed before one hour after injection. With a dose of 15 μmol Fe/kg, the number of ferumoxtran particles in the reticuloendothelial cells peaked between one and four hours and with a 150 μmol Fe/kg dose, it peaked between eight and 24 hours. Within hepatocytes, only sparse particles were observed with electron microscopy, at a dose of 150 μmol Fe/kg. Imaging performed up until one hour after ferumoxtran injection showed a significant increase in liver signal intensity on T1‐weighted images. These results suggest that ferumoxtran mainly acts as an extracellular agent for at least one hour in the rat and that reticuloendothelial accumulation peaks at later time points. Substantial uptake within hepatocytes did not occur. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:594–599. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic MR imaging and stress testing in glenohumeral instability: Comparison with normal shoulders and clinical/surgical findings
Authors: Hodge Duncan K. , Beaulieu Christopher F. , Thabit George H. , Gold Garry E. , Bergman Ann Gabrielle , Butts R. Kim , Dillingham Michael F. , Herfkens R. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOur objectives were to test the hypotheses that: 1) during shoulder motion, glenohumeral alignment differs between asymptomatic shoulders and those with symptomatic instability; 2) during magnetic resonance (MR)‐monitored physical exam or stress testing, glenohumeral alignment differs between asymptomatic shoulders and those with instability; and 3) glenohumeral translation during MR stress testing correlates with findings of shoulder instability by clinical exam and exam under anesthesia (EUA). Using an open‐configuration 0.5 T MR imaging (MRI) system, we studied symptomatic shoulders in 11 subjects and compared them to their contralateral asymptomatic shoulders. Each shoulder was studied during abduction/adduction and internal/external rotation to determine the humeral head position on the glenoid. An examiner also performed the MR stress test on each shoulder by applying manual force on the humeral head during imaging. All shoulders were assigned an instability grade from the MR stress test, and this grade was correlated with: 1) clinical exam grade assigned during preoperative assessment by an orthopedic surgeon and 2) intraoperative instability grade by EUA immediately preceding arthroscopy. With dynamic abduction and internal/external rotation, the humeral head remained centered on the glenoid in 9 of 11 shoulders, but in two subjects there were dramatic demonstrations of subluxation. With stress testing, a trend toward more joint laxity was demonstrated in symptomatic than in asymptomatic joints (P = 0.11). MR grading of instability correlated directly with clinical grading in six cases and underestimated the degree of instability relative to clinical exam in the other cases. MR instability grading systematically underestimated instability compared with EUA in 7 of the 10 cases that underwent surgical repair. We concluded that dynamic MR evaluation of glenohumeral alignment did not demonstrate abnormalities in symptomatic shoulders in 8 of 10 patients, whereas 2 patients showed dramatic findings of subluxation. Manual stress testing during dynamic MR examination showed a strong correlation with clinical instability grading. Dynamic shoulder MR examination during stress testing could, with further validation, become a useful adjunct to shoulder instability evaluations. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:748–756. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T2‐weighted MRI of the female pelvis: Comparison of breath‐hold fast‐recovery fast spin‐echo and nonbreath‐hold fast spin‐echo sequences
Authors: Masui Takayuki , Katayama Motoyuki , Kobayashi Shigeru , Sakahara Harumi , Ito Tatsuhiko , Nozaki Atsushi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn 49 patients who had pelvic abnormalities, breath‐hold T2‐weighted fast‐recovery (FR)‐fast spin‐echo (FSE) (imaging time = 24 sec) and nonbreath‐hold FSE MR images (2 min 8 sec) were compared qualitatively (on a four‐point scale) and quantitatively (using signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) and contrast ratios (| SIs of the lesions‐SIs of the myometrium | /SIs of the myometrium)). Motion artifacts were reduced on breath‐hold FR‐FSE (3.8:3.2 = breath‐hold FSE:nonbreath‐hold FSE, P < 0.01) and image quality was comparable (3.8:3.7, NS). In all patients, pathology (leiomyoma [N = 26], adenomyosis [N = 10], endometrial carcinoma [N = 8], and ovarian cystic lesions [N = 21]) was recognized with comparable lesion conspicuity (3.8:3.7, NS) and better delineation of the structures (3.9:3.6, P < 0.05) on the FR‐FSE images. There was no significant difference in contrast ratios, although SNRs (e.g., myometrium 18.3:25.8, P < 0.01) were better and the uterine zonal anatomy was recognized better on the nonbreath‐hold FSE (3.4:3.7, P < 0.05). These differences did not affect the diagnosis. Breath‐hold FR‐FSE provides the benefits of motionless imaging and a short examination time, although lower SNRs were noted. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:930–937. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of ACE inhibitor therapy on left ventricular myocardial mass and diastolic filling in previously untreated hypertensive patients: A Cine MRI study
Authors: Hoffmann U. , Globits S. , Stefenelli T. , Loewe C. , Kostner K. , Frank H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCardiac remodeling in case of hypertension induces hypertrophy of myocytes and elevated collagen content and, subsequently, impaired diastolic filling of the left ventricle. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate changes of left ventricular (LV) myocardial mass, as well as diastolic filling properties, in hypertensive patients treated with the ACE inhibitor fosinopril. Sixteen hypertensive patients with echocardiographically documented LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction received fosinopril (10–20 mg daily). Measurements of LV myocardial mass and properties of diastolic filling (peak filling fraction (PFF); peak filling rate (PFR)) were performed prior to medication, as well as after 3 and 6 months of therapy using cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ten healthy subjects served as a control group. LV myocardial mass (g/m2) decreased continuously within 3–6 months of follow‐up by 32% (148 ± 40 vs. 120 ± 26 vs. 101 ± 22 g/m2; P < 0.0001/0.005). The extent of regression correlated to the severity of LV hypertrophy at baseline (r = 0.77; P < 0.004). Early diastolic filling increased significantly within 6 months of therapy (PFF (%): 36 ± 6 vs. 61 ± 7, P < 0.0001; PFR (mL/second): 211 ± 48 vs. 282 ± 48, P < 0.001). Cine MRI can be used to assess the time course of pharmacological effects on cardiac remodeling in the course of hypertension. ACE inhibitor therapy results in a significant reduction of LV mass within 3 months and is accompanied by a normalization of diastolic filling that is completed after 6 months. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;14:16–22. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Advanced glycation end products: a highly complex set of biologically relevant compounds detected by mass spectrometry
Authors: Lapolla Annunziata , Fedele Domenico , Martano Luigi , Arico' Nadia Concetta , Garbeglio Massimo , Traldi Pietro , Seraglia Roberta , Favretto Donata 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStructural information on ‘AGE‐peptides,’ a class of substances belonging to advanced glycation end products (AGE) and originating by proteolysis of glycated proteins, was gained through various analytical approaches on the mixture produced by proteinase K digestion of in vitro glycated bovine serum albumin. Both matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) and high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI‐MS) were employed, and the results were compared with those from conventional spectroscopic methods (UV, fluorescence, gel permeation). The data acquired by the various techniques all depict the digestion mixtures as highly complex, with components exhibiting molecular mass in the range 300–3500 Da. In the analysis of HPLC/ESI‐MS data, identification of AGE‐peptides was facilitated by 3D mapping. Structural information was gained by means of multiple mass spectrometric experiments. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metastable ion study of organosilicon compounds. Part XIII: dimethoxydimethylsilane, (CH3)2Si(OCH3)2, and dimethoxymethylsilane, CH3SiH(OCH3)2
Authors: Tajima Susumu , Sekiguchi Osamu , Watanabe Yuko , Nakajima Satoshi , Takahashi Yutaka 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUnimolecular metastable fragmentations of dimethoxydimethylsilane, (CH3)2Si(OCH3)2 (MW 120, 1), and dimethoxymethylsilane, CH3SiH(OCH3)2 (MW 106, 2), upon electron impact ionization have been studied by means of mass‐analyzed ion kinetic energy (MIKE) spectrometry and the D‐labeling technique in conjunction with thermochemistry. The results have been compared with those of the corresponding carbon analogues, 2,2‐dimethoxypropane, (CH3)2C(OCH3)2 (MW 104, 3) and 1,1‐dimethoxyethane, CH3CH(OCH3)2 (MW 90, 4). In analogy with the cases of 3 and 4, both molecular ions from 1 and 2 are formed at very low abundance at 70 eV, and begin to decompose by the expulsion of the substituents (H, CH3 or OCH3) on the central silicon atom. These decompositions are followed by the loss of a formaldehyde molecule (CH2O), as commonly observed in the mass spectra of methoxysilanes. Further, an ethylene (C2H4) or a dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3) molecule loss is observed in the fragmentation of some intermediate ions generated from 1+· and 2+·, but the mechanisms are different than those in the cases of 3 and 4. Some of these fragmentations are also different than those reported previously. The relative abundance of the ions in many MIKE spectra is explained by the extension of the Stevenson–Audier rule. The reaction, which is in contrast to the rule, however, is rationalized by the energy of the transition state for the reaction, estimated by semi‐empirical molecular orbital calculation. The peak at m/z 59 from 2+· consists only of CH3OSi+ ion, whereas the peak from 1+· consists of two different ions, CH3OSi+ and (CH3)2Si+H. The ions CH3OSi+ from 1+· and 2+· are generated by at least two and three separate routes respectively. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genotype may correlate with liver carcinogenesis and tumor characteristics in cirrhotic patients infected with hepatitis B virus subtype adw
Authors: Tsubota Akihito , Arase Yasushi , Ren Fengrong , Tanaka Hiroshi , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo identify the influence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype on development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and clinical outcome in chronic HBV infection, 26 consecutive cirrhotic patients infected with HBV subtype adw were investigated prospectively. HBV serology was undertaken using subtype‐specific antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigens. The HBV genotype was determined by sequencing directly the polymerase chain reaction products of the HBV S gene. When HCC occurred, patients underwent transcatheter arterial embolization therapy. If tumor necrosis was incomplete, additional embolization therapy was carried out after a 3‐ to 4‐month interval. At a median follow‐up of 14.1 years (range 2.2 to 31.7), HCC occurred in 9 (35%) of 26 patients. Nineteen patients were infected with genotype B and 7 with genotype C. Four of the 19 genotype B patients (21%) and 5 of the 7 genotype C patients (71%) developed HCC (P = 0.058). Patient age (<45 years or 45 ≤ ) at diagnosis of cirrhosis was the only significant independent factor influencing liver carcinogenesis by multiple logistic regression analysis and Cox's regression analysis (P = 0.0069 and 0.029, respectively). When analysis was limited to the age of 45 years or more at the last visit, genotype was the only contributory factor to HCC development by univariate analysis (P = 0.038). Whereas genotype B patients responded well to embolization therapy and had no recurrence of HCC for a prolonged period of time, genotype C patients showed poor responses and died of hepatic failure due to rapid HCC progression despite embolization therapy. The cumulative incidence of survival was significantly higher in the genotype B group (P = 0.0049). The HBV genotype correlated with the development of HCC, response to embolization therapy, and recurrence of HCC. Determination of HBV genotype may be useful in predicting outcomes in HBV subtype adw‐related cirrhosis. J. Med. Virol. 65:257–265, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracellular and cell‐free (infectious) HIV‐1 in rectal mucosa
Authors: Di Stefano Mariantonietta , Favia Anna , Monno Laura , Lopalco Pierluigi , Caputi Onofrio , Scardigno Anna Consiglia , Pastore Giuseppe , Fiore Josè Ramon , Angarano Gioacchino 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe intestinal mucosa contains most of the total lymphocyte pool and plays an important role in viral transmission, but only slight attention has been given to the immunological and virological aspects of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) infection at this site. In this study, before initiating or changing antiretroviral therapy, paired blood samples and rectal biopsies (RB) were obtained from 26 consecutive HIV‐infected subjects. HIV‐1 isolation and biological characterization, DNA, and HIV‐1 RNA titration were assessed, as were in vitro tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐β (IL‐1β) spontaneous production. The rate of HIV‐1 isolation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and RBs was 75% and 58%, respectively. All RB‐derived isolates were nonsyncytium inducing (NSI), independent of the phenotype of blood‐derived isolates. Proviral DNA and detectable HIV‐1 RNA levels were measured in 100% and 77% of RBs, respectively. A statistical correlation was observed between HIV‐1 DNA and HIV‐1 RNA levels in rectal mucosa (P = 0.0075), whereas no correlation was found between these levels in blood samples (P > 0.05). Antiretroviral treatment did not seem to influence HIV‐1 detection in RBs. Higher levels of in vitro proinflammmatory cytokine production were found in the RBs of most infected patients when compared with healthy controls. Therefore, the rectal mucosa is an important HIV‐1 reservoir that demonstrates a discordant viral evolution with respect to blood. Both the virus type and the mucosa pathway of immunoactive substances might have important implications for therapeutic decision‐making and monitoring and could influence the bidirectional transmission of HIV‐1 in mucosal surfaces. J. Med. Virol. 65:637–643, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of HBV core promoter/precore/core mutations in Gambian chronic carriers
Authors: Dumpis Uga , Mendy Maimuna , Hill Adrian , Thursz Mark , Hall Andy , Whittle Hilton , Karayiannis Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOne hundred forty‐two precore/core sequences were obtained from Gambian chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers and the predominant variants defined. The two point mutations, from A to T and G to A at nt positions 1762 and 1764 in the basic core promoter region, were found in only 7/99 (7%) of the samples where this region was sequenced. These mutations were found in both HBeAg‐positive and ‐negative patients. The precore stop‐codon mutation at nt position 1896 was found in 14/51 (27%) of HBeAg‐negative samples, which is a lower prevalence rate in comparison with other parts of the world with high carrier rates. In HBeAg‐positive patients the core amino acid sequences were conserved, but after seroconversion to anti‐HBe significantly more changes were apparent. Several of the amino acid substitutions found have been described previously been in wild‐type viruses of other genotypes. J. Med. Virol. 65:664–670, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative detection of measles and rubella IgM and IgG derived from filter paper blood and serum samples*†
Authors: Helfand R.F. , Keyserling H.L. , Williams I. , Murray A. , Mei J. , Moscatiello C. , Icenogle J. , Bellini W.J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe compared the use of serum and filter paper blood spots as specimen sources for the detection of measles‐ and rubella‐specific IgM and IgG. We collected capillary blood into microtainer tubes and onto filter paper spots from 60 children and 60 healthy adults. The blood was collected from 12–15‐month‐old children approximately 3 weeks after primary vaccination with measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, and the sample‐pairs were tested for measles‐specific IgM and IgG antibodies by using a capture antibody EIA and an indirect EIA, respectively. We tested sample‐pairs from a subset of participants for rubella‐ specific IgM and IgG antibodies by using commercially available capture IgM (Captia) and indirect IgG (Wampole) assays. The concordance of results from serum and filter paper blood spots was high for all assays: 98% for measles IgM, 93% for measles IgG, 94% for rubella IgM, and 93% for rubella IgG, and increased to between 96–100% for all four assays when indeterminate samples were excluded. The correlation coefficients for EIA signals were 0.99 and 0.77 for measles IgM and IgG, respectively, and 0.92 and 0.94 for rubella IgM and IgG, respectively. The cut‐off values used for filter paper samples were the same as those used for serum samples for all tests except for the rubella IgM assay. The use of filter paper blood spots is a promising future option for the detection of measles‐ and rubella‐specific antibodies. J. Med. Virol. 65:751–757, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental infection of Macaca nemestrina with a Toronto Norwalk‐like virus of epidemic viral gastroenteritis
Authors: Subekti D.S. , Tjaniadi P. , Lesmana M. , McArdle J. , Iskandriati D. , Budiarsa I.N. , Walujo P. , Suparto I.H. , Winoto I. , Campbell J.R. , Porter K.R. , Sajuthi D. , Ansari A.A. , Oyofo B.A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNorwalk virus (NV) and Norwalk‐like viruses (NLVs) are common etiologic agents of viral gastroenteritis. Viral gastroenteritis is a common disease that is highly transmissible, spreading rapidly through families, institutions, and communities. Because methods for in vitro cultivation of Norwalk etiologic agents are not available, information regarding this syndrome has come largely from studies in human volunteers. Sequential passaging of an NLV through an immunoincompetent newborn pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) may allow for the adaptation of a human NLV to a primate host, thus providing an animal model for investigating this disease. A fecal filtrate of human origin containing NLV, Toronto virus P2‐A, was obtained from a patient during an epidemic of viral gastroenteritis. The filtrate was administered via nasogastric tube to three newborn pigtailed macaques. Clinical illness, which was characterized by diarrhea, dehydration, and vomiting, occurred in three monkeys. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and oligonucleotide probe analysis of RNA extracted from the stool samples following infection revealed viral RNA in all inoculated monkeys. Infection was also transmitted experimentally by feeding two additional newborn macaques a fecal filtrate prepared from the three previously infected animals. Detection of viral RNA in the stools of animals that received the fecal filtrate indicates that viral replication occurred in association with clinical illness. The susceptibility of Macaca nemestrina to infection with a Norwalk‐like agent will facilitate the study of the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of NLV. This system may also have the potential to serve as a vaccine test model for human epidemic viral gastroenteritis. J. Med. Virol. 66:400‐406, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis and quantitative evaluation of parvovirus B19 infections by real‐time PCR in the clinical laboratory
Authors: Manaresi Elisabetta , Gallinella Giorgio , Zuffi Elisa , Bonvicini Francesca , Zerbini Marialuisa , Musiani Monica 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA real‐time PCR assay was developed for quantitative detection of B19 DNA in clinical serum samples. The assay was carried out using a LightCycler instrument and product formation was monitored continuously with the fluorescent double‐stranded DNA binding dye SYBR Green I. With an optimized PCR protocol, this system was able to quantitate the target DNA down to 3 × 101 genome copies/reaction and to detect as few as 3 × 100 genome copies/reaction. Real‐time PCR was used to detect B19 DNA in 108 serum samples from patients with a clinical suspicion of B19 infection, showing a sensitivity of 92.7% and a specificity of 100% when compared with a standardized PCR‐ELISA considered as the standard. Using the LightCycler assay, the entire procedure of detection and quantitation of B19 DNA in clinical serum samples took up to 90 min proving five times faster than PCR‐ELISA. B19 DNA quantitation in positive samples by real‐time PCR showed a mean of 1.1 × 109 B19 DNA copies/ml in samples in the acute active phase of B19 infection (DNA+, IgM+, IgG−), 4.3 × 106 B19 DNA copies/ml in samples in the active phase (DNA+, IgM+, IgG+), 3.7 × 105 genome copies/ml in samples in the long‐lasting active phase (DNA+, IgM−, IgG+) with a statistically significant reduction of B19 DNA content between the group of sera in the acute active phase and the group of sera in the active phase of B19 infection. The high levels of sensitivity, specificity, and rapidity provided by the LightCycler technology for the detection and quantitation of B19 DNA represent a significant improvement for the laboratory diagnosis of B19 infection. J. Med. Virol. 67:275–281, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.