bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decolourization and COD removal from reactive dye‐containing wastewater using sonophotocatalytic technology
Authors: An Taicheng , Gu Haofei , Xiong Ya , Chen Weiguo , Zhu Xihai , Sheng Guoying , Fu Jiamo 
Published: October 2003

AbstractDecolourization and COD removal from synthetic wastewater containing Reactive Brilliant Orange K‐R (RBOKR) dye using sonophotocatalytic technology was investigated. Experimental results showed that this hybrid technology could efficiently remove the colour and reduce COD from the synthetic dye‐containing wastewater, and that both processes followed pseudo first‐order kinetics. At the condition of 0.1 m3 h−1 airflow, 0.75 g dm−3 titanium dioxide and 0.5 mmol dm−3 RBOKR solution, the rate constants of decolourization and COD removal were 0.0750 and 0.0143 min−1 respectively for the sonophotocatalytic process; 0.0197 and 0.0046 min−1 respectively for the photocatalytic process and 0.0005 and 0.0001 min−1 respectively for the sonochemical process. The rate constants of sonophotocatalysis were greater than that of both the photocatalytic and sonochemical processes either in isolation or as a sum of the individual process, indicating an apparent synergetic effect between the photo‐ and sono‐processes. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Recovery of lipase by adsorption at the n‐hexadecane–water interface
Authors: Wang Hui‐Min , Wu Jau‐Yann , Tsai Shau‐Wei , Chen Teh‐Liang 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA novel separation process based on the hydrophobic adsorption at the n‐hexadecane–water interface was developed for the recovery of Acinetobacter radioresistens lipase from a pre‐treated fermentation broth. In a mixture containing water, lipase and n‐hexadecane, a water‐in‐oil emulsion was formed when the n‐hexadecane‐to‐water ratio (o/w ratio) was larger than 3, and a large amount of lipase was found to be adsorbed at the interface. Compared with the oil‐in‐water emulsion (occurring when o/w ratio < 3), the water‐in‐oil emulsion generated smaller droplets and larger interfacial area, and was more stable. The harvested emulsion phase could be centrifuged to give an aqueous, concentrated lipase solution. Adsorption of lipase at the interface could be described by the Langmuir isotherm. For lipase concentrations ranging from 8.4 to 87.2 U cm−3, a single‐stage adsorption resulted in a six‐ to four‐fold concentration and 16–45% activity recovery, where lipase concentration was the dominant factor. A method using data from a single‐stage adsorption to predict multiple‐stage operation was described, and the agreement between the experimental and the predicted results was good. To improve the enzyme recovery, a multiple‐run adsorption process was proposed. The use of salts enhanced the hydrophobic interaction between lipase and n‐hexadecane. Advantages of the proposed process include simple operation, low operational cost, environmentally friendly, no requirement for pre‐concentration of the enzyme solution, and negligible enzyme denaturation. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
On‐line biodegradation monitoring of nitrogen‐containing compounds by membrane inlet mass spectrometry
Authors: Creaser Colin S , Lamarca David Gómez , Freitas dos Santos Luisa M , LoBiundo Giuseppe , New Anthony P 
Published: October 2003

AbstractMembrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) has been developed for the on‐line monitoring of compounds in a continuous stirred tank bioreactor (CSTB) used to simulate a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). A mixture of four industrially relevant nitrogen‐containing volatile and semi‐volatile compounds was fed to a 3 dm3 CSTB with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h. In‐membrane preconcentration/thermal desorption was used for the on‐line monitoring of semi‐volatile compounds (n‐methylpyrrolidinone and tetramethylethylenediamine), while volatile organic compounds (3‐bromopyridine and 2‐chloro‐5‐trifluoromethylaniline) were determined by continuous infusion through the membrane. Quantification of the four compounds was achieved by MS. The CSTB was run for 160 h and, after reaching steady state, n‐methylpyrrolidinone showed removal to levels below the limit of detection, while there was partial biodegradation of 2‐chloro‐5‐trifluoromethylaniline and 3‐bromopyridine. There was no evidence of significant biodegradation for tetramethylethylenediamine. Intermediates in the metabolite pathways of 2‐chloro‐5‐trifluoromethylaniline and 3‐bromopyridine were identified by MIMS, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). COD was measured off line, and results agreed well with MIMS, although COD data did not provide information on the removal of the individual compounds. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Biological treatment of a contaminated gaseous emission from a paint and varnish plant—from laboratory studies to pilot‐scale operation
Authors: Bastos Filipe SC , Castro Paula ML , Ferreira Jorge Ruben 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA Vapour‐Phase Bioreactor (VPB), namely a biotrickling filter, was scaled‐up and operated in‐situ for the treatment of gaseous emissions from a paint and varnish industrial plant. A microbial culture able to degrade the target compounds was enriched and a laboratory‐scale VPB was established in order to evaluate the treatment's performance. The VPB presented removal efficiencies higher than 90% when exposed to Organic Loads (OL) of ca 50 g h−1 m−3 of reactor. The VPB was exposed to dynamic conditions often found in‐situ (eg night and weekend shutdown periods) and showed a fast capacity to recover, with and without mineral medium recirculation. After a prolonged interruption period (10 months), the VPB was not able to cope with OL of ca 25 g h−1 m−3 of reactor and re‐inoculation was required in order to recover the treatment performance. The VPB also showed limited treatment when exposed to higher OL (ca 500 g h−1 m−3 of reactor). The VPB was then scaled‐up and a 3 m3 VPB was operated in‐situ, showing removal efficiencies higher than 50% when exposed to an OL of c 5 g h−1 m−3 of reactor, thus complying with current legal demands. The addition of a maintenance feed was shown to be a useful tool for VPB pilot‐scale operation when shutdown periods occurred. A factorial design of experiments was carried out, which allowed reduction to one‐tenth of the initial supply of the main mineral medium constituents, namely phosphate buffer, ammonium and magnesium salts, and also elimination of the metal supplement. Overall, the VPBs were shown to be robust equipment, being able to respond actively to dynamic treatment scenarios, particularly night and weekend shutdown periods. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Mathematical model of heat transfer during solid‐state fermentation in well‐mixed rotating drum bioreactors
Authors: Stuart Deidre M , Mitchell David A 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe present a mathematical model that describes heat and mass transfer during solid‐state fermentation (SSF) of Aspergillus oryzae in a well‐mixed rotating drum bioreactor (RDB). In addition to the substrate bed and the headspace, the model recognises the bioreactor wall as a subsystem, allowing it to identify the role of this subsystem in heat removal from the bed. Model predictions agree well with previously published experimental data obtained in a rotating drum bioreactor of 0.19 m diameter and 0.85 m length, with maximum temperatures up to 15 °C greater than the incubation temperature being reached. The model offers insights into the rate limiting steps in heat removal, and how SSF performance might be improved in the experimental system. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of lipids and surfactants on extracellular lipase production by Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Domínguez Alberto , Deive Francisco J , Sanromán M Angeles , Longo María A 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe production of extracellular lipase in submerged cultures of Yarrowia lipolytica CECT 1240 has been investigated. Several compounds have been added to the culture medium, in order to assess their efficiency as inducers of lipase production. First, the effect of triglycerides (olive oil, sunflower oil, tributyrin) and fatty acids (oleic acid) has been studied. The highest activity level was obtained with sunflower oil (58 U cm−3), followed by olive oil (49 U cm−3). The cultures with tributyrin and oleic acid attained similar activities (33 U cm−3). Then, several surfactants (Tween 80, Triton X‐100, gum arabic, polyethylene glycol 200) were added to the cultures with sunflower oil, in an attempt to increase the levels of extracellular lipase activity. The obtained activities were slightly lower than those achieved without surfactants. The assay of a wide range of surfactant concentrations in the case of PEG‐200 (with which the highest activity levels had been attained) did not improve the results. This strain secreted lipase concentrations two‐fold higher and showed significantly different behaviour towards the presence of surfactants in the culture medium, compared with other wild‐type Yarrowia lipolytica strains. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterisation of human tick‐borne encephalitis virus from Sweden
Authors: Haglund Mats , Vene Sirkka , Forsgren Marianne , Günther Göran , Johansson Bo , Niedrig Matthias , Plyusnin Alexander , Lindquist Lars , Lundkvist Åke 
Published: October 2003

AbstractViruses of the tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE) antigenic complex, within the family Flaviviridae, cause a variety of diseases including uncomplicated febrile illness, meningo‐encephalitis and haemorrhagic fever. Different wildlife species act as reservoir hosts with ixodid tick species as vectors. TBE virus (TBEV) causes 40–130 cases confirmed serologically in Sweden each year. Characteristics of TBEV strains circulating in Sweden have not been investigated previously and no viral sequence data has been reported. In the present study, virus strains were isolated from serum of patients with clinical symptoms consistent with acute TBEV infection. Serologic characterisation, using a panel of E‐specific monoclonal antibodies and cross‐neutralisation tests, indicated that the Swedish strains of TBEV, isolated 1958–1994, all belonged to the Western TBEV subtype, which includes the Austrian vaccine strain Neudoerfl. Genetic analysis of a partial E‐sequence confirmed this close relationship: all Swedish TBEV strains belonged to the European lineage of the Western TBEV subtype, which includes the previously characterised strains Neudoerfl, Hypr, and Kumlinge. Further, three Swedish strains showed partial E‐sequences identical to that of the Finnish Kumlinge strain, ten Swedish strains formed a well‐supported separate cluster, whereas four others did not show any real clustering. No apparent correlation was observed in comparison of clinical parameters with genetic data or geographic origin of the strains. J. Med. Virol. 71:610–621, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complete genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) isolates from patients with chronic HBV infection in Korea
Authors: Odgerel Zagaa , Nho Kyung Bo , Moon Ju Young , Kee Sun Ho , Park Kwang Sook , Song Ki‐Joon , Baek Luck Ju , Yeon Jong Eun , Byun Kwan Soo , Lee Chang Hong , Song Jin‐Won 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAlthough there is a report of high rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in South Korea, only a few entire genome sequences of HBV isolates from Korea have been reported. To obtain the complete nucleotide sequence of the Korean HBV, viral DNA was extracted from sera of Korean patients with chronic HBV infection who have not been exposed to any antiviral treatment. Complete genomic sequences were determined on three Korean HBV isolates. The entire genomic length of Korean HBV isolates, designated as KUHB84, KUHB81, and KUHB95, was 3,215 base pairs. No deletions and insertions were observed. Core promoter mutations (T1762/A1764) were detected in two isolates, KUHB84 and KUHB95. Phylogenetic analysis based on the entire genomic sequences showed that the Korean HBV isolates were genotype C and related closely to the Japanese HBV. J. Med. Virol. 71:499–503, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elevated levels of antibodies against 70 kDa heat shock proteins in the sera of patients with HIV infection
Authors: Kocsis Judit , Prohászka Zoltán , Bíró Adrienn , Füst George , Bánhegyi Dénes 
Published: October 2003

AbstractHeat shock proteins (Hsp), especially 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) play an important role in the life cycle of HIV‐1 virus. Hsp70 is overexpressed in HIV‐infected cells and this is the most abundant Hsp associated with HIV virions. The aim of our study was to investigate whether HIV infection increases the extent of specific humoral immune response against Hsp70. The serum concentration of anti‐Hsp70 IgG antibodies was measured in 47 HIV‐infected patients, and 62 healthy, HIV‐seronegative persons. Nineteen patients on highly active anti‐retroviral therapy (HAART) were followed for 24 months in a longitudinal study. Anti‐Hsp70 antibodies were measured by ELISA, using recombinant human Hsp70. Levels of anti‐Hsp70 antibodies were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher in the HIV‐infected patients (median: 1409 (25th–75th percentile: 1031–2214) AU/ml) than in healthy control subjects (626 (429–970) AU/ml). In 19 HIV patients, serum levels of anti‐Hsp70 antibodies significantly (P < 0.001) decreased during 24 (11–41) months HAART (1309 (887–2213) AU/ml before and 640 (386–959) AU/ml during HAART), accompanied by viral load reduction and CD4+ count elevation. It is concluded that HIV‐infection induces a marked increase in the anti‐Hsp70 antibody levels, which is consistent with the enhanced expression of Hsp70 on the surface of HIV‐infected cells and/or incorporation of the protein into the membrane of HIV virions. J. Med. Virol. 71:480–482, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of human herpesvirus‐6 IE1 sequence variation in clinical samples
Authors: Stanton Richard , Wilkinson Gavin W.G. , Fox Julie D. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractHerpesvirus immediate early (IE) proteins are known to play key roles in establishing productive infections, regulating reactivation from latency, and creating a cellular environment favourable to viral replication. Human herpesvirus‐6 (HHV‐6) IE genes have not been studied as intensively as their homologues in the prototype betaherpesvirus human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Whilst the HCMV IE1 gene is relatively conserved, early studies indicated that HHV‐6 IE1 exhibited a high level of sequence variation between HHV‐6A and HHV‐6B isolates, although the observation was based primarily on virus stocks that had been isolated and propagated in vitro. In this study, we investigated the level of HHV‐6 IE1 sequence variation in vivo by direct sequencing of circulating virus in clinical samples without prior in vitro culture. Sequences exactly matching those reported for reference HHV‐6 isolates were identified in clinical samples, thus the HHV‐6 laboratory strains used in the majority of in vitro studies appear to be representative of virus circulating in vivo with respect to the IE1 gene. The HHV‐6 IE1 sequence is also conserved in reference strains that had been passaged extensively in vitro. The high degree of divergence between variant A and B type IE1 sequences was confirmed, but interestingly HHV‐6B IE1 sequences were observed to further segregate into two distinct subgroups, with the laboratory strains Z29 and HST representative of these two subgroups. Within each HHV‐6B subgroup, a remarkably high level of homology was observed. Thus the HHV‐6 IE1 sequence appears highly stable, underlining its potential importance to the viral life cycle. J. Med. Virol. 71:578–584, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HBV DNA integration and HBV‐transcript expression in non‐B, non‐C hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan
Authors: Tamori Akihiro , Nishiguchi Shuhei , Kubo Shoji , Narimatsu Takashi , Habu Daiki , Takeda Tadashi , Hirohashi Kazuhiro , Shiomi Susumu 
Published: October 2003

AbstractFew studies have examined the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients without hepatitis virus infection. We evaluated the role of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the development of HCC in Japanese patients without hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to hepatitis C antigen (anti‐HCV). Twenty‐one HBsAg negative and anti‐HCV negative (non‐B, non‐C) patients with HCC were studied. HBV DNA in serum and HBV transcripts in liver were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcription and PCR. HBV DNA integration was examined by Southern blot analysis or cassette‐ligation‐mediated PCR as described previously. p53 mutations were examined by direct sequencing. HBV DNA was not detected in serum from any patients. HBV‐related transcripts were detected in 5 of 7 HCCs from patients with antibodies to hepatitis core antigen (anti‐HBc) and in 3 of 14 HCCs from patients without anti‐HBc (P = 0.0261). HBV DNA was integrated into human genome in two non‐B, non‐C HCCs. Of the 14 patients without anti‐HBc, 5 had a history of excessive alcohol intake. In exons 5 through 8 of the p53 gene, mutations were detected in 2 of 8 HCCs with HBV‐transcripts and in 5 of 13 HCCs without such transcripts. p53 mutation at codon 159 was found in 2 of 6 patients with excessive alcohol intake without HBV‐transcripts. These results suggested that occult HBV infection might play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis in non‐B, non‐C patients with anti‐HBc and that excessive alcohol intake might be related to HCC in non‐B, non‐C patients in Japan. J. Med. Virol. 71:492–498, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of measles virus in Kenya
Authors: Mbugua Francis M. , Okoth Frederick A. , Gray Michael , Kamau Tatu , Kalu Akpaka , Eggers Rudi , Borus Peter , Kombich Janet , Langat Agnes , Maritim Peter , Lesiamon Josephine , Tipples Graham A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractMeasles causes significant morbidity and mortality globally. Many countries have embarked on immunization programs to control and prevent measles outbreaks and eventually to eliminate endemic measles. Kenya is currently in the outbreak control and prevention stage for measles. Measles virus genotyping is important for molecular epidemiological purposes, including the documentation of the elimination of endemic measles virus strains from a country, and mapping of transmission pathways. In this study, we collected clinical specimens from measles outbreak cases in 2002 in Kenya for measles virus genotyping. We were able to isolate and/or detect measles virus in 10 cases from 5 of the 8 provinces in Kenya. All these Kenyan measles strains were determined to be genotype D4 strains when compared to the standard World Health Organization‐designated measles virus reference strains. Interestingly, the Kenyan D4 strains clustered into two distinct D4 subgroups. In addition, the inclusion of other published D4 measles strains in this analysis indicated that there are four distinct D4 clusterings, or subgroups: Montreal‐like, India‐like, Johannesburg‐like, and Ethiopia‐like. This is the first measles molecular epidemiology study in Kenya and establishes the current endemic measles strain as genotype D4. Importantly, this study shows that the Kenyan D4 strains are distinct from the B3 measles strain found in West Africa and the D4 strains reported in Ethiopia. J. Med. Virol. 71:599–604, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real‐time nested multiplex PCR for the detection of Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and Varicella zoster virus
Authors: O'Neill Hugh J. , Wyatt Dorothy E. , Coyle Peter V. , McCaughey Conall , Mitchell Frederick 
Published: October 2003

AbstractOne hundred forty‐nine specimens were tested in a LightCycler nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (LCnmPCR) for Herpes simplex virus (HSV)1, HSV2, and VZV. Eighty‐one were from genitourinary medicine (GUM) patients and the other 68 specimens were from other patients with skin lesions. The results were compared to a conventional multiplex nested PCR (nmPCR) using agarose gel electrophoresis. Twenty‐five specimens were positive in both assays for HSV1 and 29 were positive for VZV. For HSV2 there were 27 positive in the LCnmPCR and 26 positive in the nmPCR assay. The melting temperatures (Tms) of each target were different with a mean of 84.75°C for HSV1, 88.57°C for HSV2, and 83.62°C for VZV. The melting curves of positive specimens directly overlaid the melting curves of the positive controls in the assay. The LCnmPCR assay is a convenient alternative to conventional PCR using agarose gel electrophoresis. It improves specimen turnaround time by eliminating the need for gel electrophoresis, transillumination, and gel photography. It also shows increased sensitivity for HSV2 over our standard assay. This LCnmPCR reduces further the possibility of amplicon contamination with nested PCR protocols. J. Med. Virol. 71:557–560, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parvovirus B19 infection in Taiwanese patients with hematological disorders
Authors: Lee Yuan‐Ming , Tsai Wen‐Hui , You Jie‐Yu , Ing‐Tiau Kuo Benjamin , Liao Pen‐Tung , Ho Chi‐Kuan , Hsu Hui‐Chi 
Published: October 2003

AbstractHuman parvovirus B19 has a strong tissue tropism for erythroid progenitor cells and is a causative agent for anemia. However, it remains unclear whether patients with hematological disorders are at a higher risk of B19 infection. In the present study, we evaluated the prevalence of B19 infection in 278 patients with hematological disorders by indirect antibody capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Virus inoculation into cell culture (of TF‐6, WRL‐68, and HL‐60) was carried out using serum from patients with positive IgM anti‐B19 and was then examined by nested polymerase chain reaction, dot‐blot analysis, and sequence analysis. Our data demonstrated that the total seropositive rates of either IgG or IgM were 71.9%. The seropositive rates increase significantly with age (P < 0.001). After adjustment for age, the seropositive rate was significantly higher in our patients than in the general population with standardized rate ratio of 1.56 (95% CI = 1.43–1.68). No significant difference was found among different disease subgroups (P = 0.311). Nine patients (3.2%) had active B19 infection with positive IgM antibody, with four diagnosed as having idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Viremia of B19 virus could be detected in eight of nine patients, including three patients in serum only, three patients in bone marrow only, and two patients in both serum and bone marrow. We conclude that patients with hematological disease have higher seropositive rates for B19 than occur in normal controls and that study of occult parvovirus B19 infection is recommended in patients with hematological disease. J. Med. Virol. 71:605–609, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.