bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cobalt requirement of beef cattle — feed intake and growth at different levels of cobalt supply
Authors: Schwarz F. J. , Kirchgessner M. , Stangl G. I. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn a study using a total of 36 German Simmental beef bulls weighing between 236 kg and about 620 kg the question of what constitutes an adequate Co supply was investigated with reference to the performance criteria growth, feed intake, energy intake, nutrient intake and carcass criteria. The bulls received a diet of corn silage ad libitum and 2.5 kg concentrate for a period of 280 days. Ten rations (R) with graduated Co supplements were fed with mean concentrations of 0.07 (R1), 0.09 (R2), 0.11 (R3), 0.15 (R4), 0.18 (R5), 0.26 (R6), 0.33 (R7), 0.42 (R8), 0.59 (R9) and 0.69 (R10) mg Co per kg dry matter (DM) intake. The Co supplement was added as CoSO47H2O. The diets with no or low Co supplementation produced either distinctly lower daily gains of 1045g (R1) and 1130g (R2) or lower daily gains of about 1260 g (R3, R4) than rations R5–R10, where daily gains averaged 1340 g. The mean daily feed intake per animal was also significantly or marginally affected with values of 6.0 kg DM (R1) rising to 7.7 kg DM (R2–R4) versus 7.9 kg DM on average (R5–R10). Calculations using the broken line model and the quadratic model show that the optimal Co supply for maximum growth is 0.12 mg/kg dietary DM and for maximum feed intake, 0.16–0.18 mg Co/kg dietary DM. After taking further biochemical criteria into account (Stangl et al. 2000), a level of 0.20 mg/kg dietary DM is recommended as an adequate Co supply for growing cattle.
In vitro adhesion of lactic acid bacteria to canine small intestinal mucus
Authors: Rinkinen M. , Mättö J. , Salminen S. , Westermarck E. , Ouwehand A. C. 
Published: March 2003

SummarySelected probiotic lactic acid bacteria have several documented health effects. For many of these health effects, adhesion to the intestinal mucosa is of primary importance. In the current study, the adhesive ability to canine small intestinal mucus of four lactic acid bacteria intended for human use, two for animal use and two strains isolated from dogs was assessed. The strains for human use were specifically chosen because they have documented health effects and have been proven to be safe. One strain for human use, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103), was found to adhere significantly better than all other strains. Pretreatment of the strains with canine jejunal chyme, to simulate digestion, dramatically reduced the adhesion of all strains tested. However, three of the strains intended for human use were still adhering better than the strains from animal origin. The results show that probiotic strains from human origin and intended for human use also adhere to canine intestinal mucus. This warrants further investigation of these strains for use in dogs.
Effect of dietary β‐carotene on the early embryonic development and uterine fluid composition of gilts
Authors: Schweigert F. J. , Krieger K. , Schnurrbusch U. , Schams D. , Gropp J. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe role of β‐carotene in reproduction was investigated in gilts assigned to three dietary supplementations: VA (4000 IU vitamin A); VA + VA (4000 IU + 8300 IU); VA + BC (4000 IU + 100 mg β‐carotene) per kg diet for 14 weeks. Gilts were slaughtered at day 12 of gestation. In the VA + BC group, number of corpora lutea was lowest, but the number of embryos was greatest, resulting in a non‐significant decreased prenatal mortality(p<0.07). The proportion of less developed spherical and tubular embryos compared with filamentous was greatest in the VA + BC group (p<0.01). No differences were observed for vitamin A and retinal binding protein (RBP) in the uterine fluid. When animals were grouped according to the development of blastocysts, vitamin A and RBP levels were higher in the VA + BC group with only filamentous embryos (p<0.01). This indicates that the supplementation of β‐carotene to gilts might affect embryonic losses possibly because of slower alterations in the uterine environment, resulting in a higher and less variable number of embryos, despite an apparently more heterogeneous development.
Are San Jose scale (Hom., Diaspididae) pheromone trap captures predictive of crawler densities?
Authors: Badenes‐Perez F. R. , Zalom F. G. , Bentley W. J. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:  Abundance of San Jose scale (SJS), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), adult males and crawlers were monitored with pheromone traps checked weekly and associated sticky tape traps monitored biweekly, respectively, in commercial almond orchards in Kern County, California, USA, during 1999 and 2000. Regression analysis was used to determine if SJS crawler abundance could be predicted from SJS males captured on pheromone traps. No significant relationship (P > 0.05) was indicated for any generation or for all SJS captured for the season in 1999. With greater replication in 2000, statistically significant relationships were indicated for the first generation (r = 0.727; F = 25.712; P < 0.0001; n = 25) and for all generations (r = 0.777; F = 63.239; P < 0.0001; n = 25). An additional orchard in 2000 was divided into 18 1.21‐ha plots with different treatments applied. A statistically significant relationship was indicated for the first generation (r = 0.507; F = 11.769; P = 0.0016; n = 36) and second generation (r = 0.436; F = 7.972; p = 0.0079; n = 36). These results suggest that relative densities of SJS crawlers on sticky tapes can be estimated using SJS male trap captures for the first generation, and that this approximation is appropriate for whole orchards or for subplots within orchards as small as 1.21‐ha.
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Phialophora gregata Isolated from Soybean Plants Resistant and Susceptible to Brown Stem Rot
Authors: YEATER KATHLEEN M. , GRAU CRAIG R. , RAYBURN A. LANE 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFlow cytometry was used to characterize isolates of Phialophora gregata, the causal organism of brown stem rot (BSR) in soybean, using the fluorescence intensity of YOYO‐1 stained conidia. The conidia were derived from isolates of P. gregata isolated from field‐grown soybean vascular tissue from two locations in Wisconsin. At each location, four soybean cultivars were grown. Two cultivars were susceptible to BSR and two cultivars were resistant to BSR. Ninety‐six isolates, one per plant, were characterized for DNA content. The stained conidia were analyzed with an EPICS XL (Coulter Corporation, Hialeah, Florida, USA) flow cytometer cell sorter with CICERO software (San Rafael, CA, USA). The isolates differed in their mean DNA content, ranging from 78.0 to 116.8 arbitrary units. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the DNA content variability of the isolates between the two locations. A notable difference in DNA content variability was observed between the isolates collected from the resistant cultivars between the two locations. However, no significant variation occurred in the DNA content of the isolates collected from susceptible cultivars within or between locations. The observed variation among the isolates is hypothesized to be due to the occurrence of separate populations of P. gregata and selection for mean DNA content that could colonize specific plant genotypes.
Calcium Enhanced Zoospore Production of Pythium myriotylum in vitro
Authors: Nyochembeng L. M. , Pacumbaba R. P. , Beyl Caula A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Pythium myriotylum is the causal organism of Cocoyam Root Rot Disease (CRRD). Significant numbers of zoospores were induced within 1.5 h in cultures in Petri dishes containing P. myriotylum soaked in 0.01 M Ca++ and sterile deionized distilled water. Soaking solutions # 2 and # 3 inhibited the production of zoospores of P. myriotylum. This may be due to the delay in maturation of sporangia and the release of zoospores when the soaking solutions contain sucrose. Significant necrosis of detached cocoyam plantlet roots in 100 ml beakers confirmed the infection of zoospores of two `local white' cocoyam genotypes. Detached `yellow' cocoyam roots in 100 ml beakers of genotype RO3015 resisted infection of P. myriotylum with no necrosis of the inoculated roots, which may indicate resistance. This provides a quick and reliable pathogenicity test of P. myriotylum on susceptible cocoyam detached roots. Necrosis of inoculated detached cocoyam roots could be reliably used to screen cocoyam germplasm for resistance to P. myriotylum.
Selection of Kentucky Bluegrass for Drechslera poae Resistance under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Czembor E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractResistance to leaf spot and melting out caused by Drechslera poae was evaluated in eight cultivars and seven breeding lines of Poa pratensis under greenhouse conditions. The results obtained in this study were compared with levels of resistance scored after natural infection under field conditions during 1994–1997 in sun and shade lawn maintenance, as described before. It was found that resistance assessed in the greenhouse as leaf spots in the three‐leaf seedling stage 10–14 days after the first inoculation (assessment I) and resistance assessed as severity of melting out on the crown 56 days after the first inoculation (assessment IV) showed the highest repeatability with the scores obtained in the field under sun and shade conditions during 1994–1997.
Production of Monoclonal Antibodies to Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus Using Recombinant Readthrough Protein
Authors: Korimbocus J. , Preston S. , Danks C. , Barker I. , Coates D. , Boonham N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractYellow leaf syndrome (YLS) of sugarcane is associated with sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV), a member of the family Luteoviridae. A fragment of the coat protein and readthrough domain of SCYLV wasexpressed in a bacterial expression system. The resulting protein was purified and used to immunize mice for monoclonal antibody (MAb) production. Two MAbs, 3A2E3 and 2F7H5, were selected following the screening of hybridoma cells using both plate‐trapped antigen enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (PTA‐ELISA) and tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA). These MAbs can be incorporated into the TBIA assay currently used for the routine detection of SCYLV but could not be used in triple antibody sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (TAS‐ELISA). The two antibodies selected have slightly different specificities. Antibody 3A2E3 gave equivalent results to a polyclonal antiserum (raised to purified virus) in comparative testing using TBIA. The MAbs produced should provide a widely available, uniform reagent for SCYLV diagnosis with the potential to help manage YLS.
Age‐associated Changes in the Immune System of German Shepherd Dogs
Authors: Strasser A. , Teltscher A. , May B. , Sanders C. , Niedermüller H. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn order to look into the ageing of the canine immune system we investigated age‐related changes and associated gender‐related differences in parameters of innate and acquired immunity in German Shepherd dogs. We obtained the following findings: white blood cell counts, peripheral blood lymphocytes, lymphocyte proliferative activity and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) serum concentrations were significantly lower in the group of old animals, whereas the concentrations of γ‐globulins and the functional activity of the complement system were significantly higher in the elderly. Phagocytic and bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear cells, as well as their ‘killing function’, the serum cytokine‐like activities of tumour necrosis factor‐α and the plasma concentrations of immunoglobulin G, as well as of α‐ and β‐globulins, were not significantly affected by age, whereas natural killer‐cell activity and the serum cytokine‐like activities of IL‐1 were significantly higher only in the group of female old animals. With regard to gender‐related differences, lymphocyte proliferative activities as well as plasma concentrations of α‐globulin were significantly higher in the group of female animals, whereas the absolute numbers of segmented neutrophils were significantly lower. Species analogies with regard to ageing as presumed to exist between man and laboratory rodents also seem to be applicable to the dog. The observed age‐related changes in the canine immune system are probably among the main causes for the multimorbidity of old age, affecting life expectancy and mortality in the dog and should be recognized and considered by the attending veterinarian.
Malignant Lymphoma in Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses of a Dog
Authors: Kaldrymidou E. , Papaioannou N. , Poutahidis TH. , Karayannopoulou M. , Gruys E. , Toliou TH. , Tsangaris TH. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA case of a canine large cell type T‐cell lymphoma, with features of high‐grade malignancy is described. The tumour was found confined in the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses of a crossbred German Shepherd dog. Histological examination revealed the features of a highly malignant large cell lymphoma. Ultrastructurally, the lymphoid tumour cells bore cytoplasmic protrusions that interdigitated tightly. From a panel of tumour markers used, the neoplastic cells were stained only for vimentin. Immunophenotyping of the tumour cells by means of CD3, CD79, κ‐light chains and λ‐light chains detection was undertaken. The tumour stained only for CD3 and was classified as T‐cell lymphoma.
Inheritance of Disc Calcification in the Dachshund
Authors: Jensen V. F. , Christensen K. A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe occurrence of intervertebral disc calcification was investigated by conventional spinal radiography in eight families of wirehaired dachshunds, with each family comprising one sire, two dams and one litter from each dam. Each offspring was examined radiographically once at 24–35 months of age. The occurrence of disc calcification was rated according to four different scales. A strong correlation was found in the occurrence of disc calcification between offspring and mean parent (P < 0.001) and between offspring and dams (P < 0.005) on an either/or scale. Statistically significant estimates of heritability of 0.60 and 0.87 were found based on the offspring‐sire relationship using the total score and three‐class scale, respectively. Higher correlation estimates were found based on the dam‐offspring relationship than based on the sire‐offspring relationship, suggesting an effect of maternal environmental factors.
Flow Cytometric Testing of Immunological Effects of a Phytomedicinal Combination (EquiMun) and its Compounds on Bovine Leucocytes
Authors: Schuberth H.‐J. , Riedel‐Caspari G. , LEIBOLD W. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryOne of the major goals of this study was to establish fast, reliable and sensitive assays for the quality control of immunomodulating phytopreparations and to determine whether pharmacological compounds or phytopreparations have effects on bovine immune cells. Flow cytometric methods were chosen because they are very sensitive in the detection of even subtle effects on cells. In this study, we addressed the question of whether these methods are useful in monitoring the effects of EquiMun and its compounds on bovine leucocytes in vitro. EquiMun is a fixed combination of Echinacea purpurea (Ec), Thuja occidentalis (Th) and elemental phosphorus (Ph) in different starting concentrations. Separated blood mononuclear cells (MNC) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN, mainly neutrophils) were cultured for up to 44 h in vitro in the presence or absence of the tested substances. Whereas MNC were not affected by any of the compounds, EquiMun, Ec, Th and Ph significantly reduced the forward scatter (size) of cultured PMN without affecting their side scatter (granularity). The size effects were paralleled by a significantly enhanced viability of PMN after 20 h in culture. The observed effects were constant over wide concentration ranges and indicate a very similar reaction of leucocytes from individual cows. Whereas spontaneous generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by neutrophils was up‐regulated by Ph and EquiMun, EquiMun down‐regulated the phorbol ester‐stimulated ROS production. However, ROS generation by neutrophils displayed a large inter‐individual variation with less apparent, down‐regulatory effects of EquiMun. The ability of PMN to kill target cells via antibody‐independent cellular cytotoxicity showed small inter‐individual variations and was enhanced by Ec and Th but not by Ph and EquiMun, probably due to dose‐dependent effects. In summary, the flow cytometric characterization of cellular viability and shape changes of neutrophils seem to be a suitable and reliable approach for the quality test of immunomodulating phytomedicines based on bioassays.
Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Characteristics in Calves at Different Levels of Physical Activity
Authors: Sternbauer K. , Essén‐Gustavsson B. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThis study was undertaken to investigate insulin sensitivity and muscle characteristics in calves at different levels of physical activity. Ten male calves of the Swedish Holstein breed were allocated to either an exercise or a non‐exercise group. The exercise group performed light work on a treadmill, 5–15 min at 10–12 occasions during 4–5 weeks. The treadmill speed varied from 0.6 to 1.5 m/s. At the beginning and end of the experimental period, the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique was used to assess insulin sensitivity and gluteus medius muscle biopsies specimens were obtained for histochemical and biochemical analyses. There were no significant differences in insulin sensitivity, muscle fibre types, enzyme activities or glycogen content between the groups before or after the experimental period. The areas of type I, IIA, IIB fibres and mean muscle fibre area increased significantly in both groups during the experimental period. Muscle fibre characteristics and insulin sensitivity varied among the calves. Insulin sensitivity correlated positively to the percentage of type I fibres at the start of the experiment, and negatively to the mean muscle fibre area at the end of the experimental period. The results indicate that insulin sensitivity in young calves is associated with the change seen in muscle fibre areas with growth, but not by a short period of light physical activity.
Serological Investigations of Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) for Determination of the Spread of Tick‐borne Encephalitis in Northrhine‐Westphalia
Authors: Wurm R. , Dobler G. , Peters M. , Kiessig S. T. 
Published: March 2003

SummarySerum samples from 786 red foxes shot between January 1995 and August 1996 in the southern half of Northrhine‐Westphalia, located in western Germany, were tested for the presence of antibodies against tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE) virus using the Immunozym FSME IgG All Species‐ELISA® (Immuno, Heidelberg, Germany) as a screening test: 759 sera were negative, 23 (2.9 %) were borderline, and four (0.5 %) were positive. Nine of the 27 ELISA reactive sera were confirmed by the TBE Western‐Blot (Immuno, Heidelberg, Germany). Furthermore these 27 sera were tested for neutralizing antibodies by means of a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) against TBE and West Nile viruses. Only one single serum was found to have a neutralization titre (+ 1 : 800 PRNT80) against TBE virus. All other 26 sera were negative for neutralizing antibodies against TBE or West Nile virus. Since the titre of the single serum is low, it can be interpreted that if TBE virus is present, its prevalence is extremely low. Northrhine‐Westphalia is not classified as a TBE‐endemic area. Further calculated serological testing of game and virological investigation of collected ticks in the affected area seem to be meaningful and necessary.
Detection and Isolation of Equine Herpesviruses 1 and 4 from Horses in Normandy: an Autopsy Study of Tissue Distribution in Relation to Vaccination Status
Authors: Taouji S. , Collobert C. , Gicquel B. , Sailleau C. , Brisseau N. , Moussu C. , Breuil M.‐F. , Pronost S. , Borchers K. , Zientara S. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryEquine herpesviruses type 1 and 4 (EHV‐1 and EHV‐4) are ubiquitous in the equine population. One of their main properties is their ability to establish life‐long latent infections in their hosts even in those with natural or vaccine‐induced immunity. However, effect of vaccination status on prevalence and tissue tropism was not established. In this study, EHV‐1 and EHV‐4 were detected by polymerase chain reaction and by classical virus isolation from neural, epithelial and lymphoid tissues collected from unvaccinated (33) or vaccinated (23) horses. The percentage of EHV‐1‐ and EHV‐4‐positive horses between vaccinates and unvaccinates was similar. Both viruses were detected in all tissues of both groups; in particular, lymph nodes draining the respiratory tract, nasal epithelium and nervous ganglia [i.e. trigeminal ganglia (TG)], which represent the main positive sites for EHV‐1 and EHV‐4. In vaccinated animals, the nervous ganglia (i.e. TG) were less frequently positive than in unvaccinated animals. Detection of positive TG was strongly correlated to the presence of EHV‐1 in nasal epithelium.
Intra‐uterine Infection with Babesia bovis in a 2‐day‐old Calf
Authors: Yeruham I. , Avidar Y. , Aroch I. , Hadani A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryInfection with Babesia bovis was diagnosed in a 2‐day‐old female calf apparently transmitted in utero. The calf was born as the second calving to a cross‐bred beef cow permanently on pasture.Diagnosis was based upon identification of B. bovis in peripheral blood smears and clinical signs which included fever, jaundice, pale mucous membranes and convulsions. Anaemia, leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia and lymphocytosis were noted at the febrile acute stage of the disease. The blood smears revealed evidence of regeneration of toxic neutrophils with a left shift, severe spherocytosis and high degree of basophilic stippling. Elevated concentration of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase were also noted, and were probably the result of haemolysis, dehydration and muscle damage because of recumbancy. Elevated total bilirubin concentration following haemolysis resulted in jaundice. The neurological symptoms observed were probably caused by sludging of parasitized erythrocytes in the brain capillaries. The calf recovered following treatment with diminazene aceturate and the recovery was followed up clinically, haematologically and biochemically.
Clinical study on liposomal amphotericin B (Ambisome®) in deep fungal infections in China
Authors: Wei H. , Hai W. , Wanqing L. 
Published: March 2003

Summary  Ambisome® (L‐Amb) was used to treat nine cases of meningitis or menigoencephalitis by Cryptococcus neoformans and 28 cases of other deep fungal infections. A retrospective study on conventional amphotericin B (C‐Amb) was performed as the control. A series of indices was observed including curative effect, fungal clearance rate, course of treatment, daily dose, cumulative dose and adverse effects. Nine cases of cryptococcal meningitis or menigoencephalitis treated with Ambisome® were clinically cured with an effective rate of 100%, within a mean course of 50 days, which was shorter than that of C‐Amb, by a mean cumulative dose of 1807.2 mg, which was not statistically significant in comparison with C‐Amb. Fungal clearance rate on the second month of treatment was 89% with Ambisome®, which was higher than that of C‐Amb. Twenty‐eight cases of other deep fungal infections treated with Ambisome® were clinically cured with an effective rate of 92%, within a mean course of 19.3 days, by a mean cumulative dose of 907.5 mg, and fungal clearance rate on the second and third month was 75 and 92%, respectively. The adverse effects by Ambisome® decreased evidently compared with those by C‐Amb.