bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homocysteine serum levels in patients with ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a case-control study
Authors: Mota Telles João Paulo , Rosi Junior Jefferson , Yamaki Vitor Nagai , Rabelo Nicollas Nunes , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background There is very few data regarding homocysteine's influence on the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms.
Objective To compare homocysteine levels between patients with ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms, and to evaluate possible influences of this molecule on vasospasm and functional outcomes.
Methods This is a retrospective, case-control study. We evaluated homocysteinemia differences between patients with ruptured and unruptured aneurysms; and the association of homocysteine levels with vasospasm and functional outcomes. Logistic regressions were performed.
Results A total of 348 participants were included: 114 (32.8%) with previous aneurysm rupture and 234 (67.2%) with unruptured aneurysms. Median homocysteine was 10.75µmol/L (IQR = 4.59) in patients with ruptured aneurysms and 11.5µmol/L (IQR = 5.84) in patients with unruptured aneurysms. No significant association was detected between homocysteine levels and rupture status (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.96-1.04). Neither mild (>15µmol/L; OR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.32-4.12) nor moderate (>30µmol/L; OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.54-1.81) hyperhomocysteinemia demonstrated significant correlations with ruptured aneurysms. Neither univariate (OR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.71-1.0) nor multivariable age-adjusted (OR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.75-1.05) models evidenced an association between homocysteine levels and vasospasm. Homocysteinemia did not influence excellent functional outcomes at 6 months (mRS≤1) (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.94-1.16).
Conclusion There were no differences regarding homocysteinemia between patients with ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms. In patients with ruptured aneurysms, homocysteinemia was not associated with vasospasm or functional outcomes.
Exploring the role of large language models in radiation emergency response
Authors: Chandra Anirudh , Chakraborty Abinash 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn recent times, the field of artificial intelligence (AI) has been transformed by the introduction of large language models (LLMs). These models, popularized by OpenAI’s GPT-3, have demonstrated the emergent capabilities of AI in comprehending and producing text resembling human language, which has helped them transform several industries. But its role has yet to be explored in the nuclear industry, specifically in managing radiation emergencies. The present work explores LLMs’ contextual awareness, natural language interaction, and their capacity to comprehend diverse queries in a radiation emergency response setting. In this study we identify different user types and their specific LLM use-cases in radiation emergencies. Their possible interactions with ChatGPT, a popular LLM, has also been simulated and preliminary results are presented. Drawing on the insights gained from this exercise and to address concerns of reliability and misinformation, this study advocates for expert guided and domain-specific LLMs trained on radiation safety protocols and historical data. This study aims to guide radiation emergency management practitioners and decision-makers in effectively incorporating LLMs into their decision support framework.
Hybrid simulation of instabilities in capacitively coupled RF CF4/Ar plasmas driven by a dual frequency source
Authors: Dong Wan , Zhang Yi-Fan , Schulze Julian , Song Yuan-Hong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Instabilities in capacitively coupled Ar/CF4 plasma discharges driven by dual frequency sources are investigated using a one-dimensional fluid/electron Monte Carlo hybrid model. Periodic oscillations of the electron density and temperature on the timescale of multiple low frequency (LF) periods are observed. As the electron density increases, an intense oscillation of the electron temperature within each high frequency (HF) period is initiated. This causes a fluctuation of the electron density and results in a discharge instability. This phenomenon is consistent with the discharge behavior observed in scenarios with single-frequency (SF) sources, as reported by Dong et al (2022 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.
31 025006). However, unlike the SF case, plasma parameters such as the electron density, electric field, electron power absorption and ionization rate exhibit not only periodic fluctuations but also a spatial asymmetry under the influence of the dual-frequency source. This spatial asymmetry leads to a non-uniform distribution of the electron density between the electrodes, which is related to a spatially asymmetric electric field, electron heating, and ionization around a region of minimum electron density (inside the bulk). This region of minimum electron density is shifted back and forth through the entire plasma bulk from one electrode to the other within multiple LF period. The above phenomena are related to superposition effect between the instabilities and the dual-frequency source. Moreover, the time averaged electric field influences the spatio-temporal evolution of ion fluxes. The ion fluxes at the electrodes, which play an important role in etching processes, are affected by both the high and LF components of the driving voltage waveform as well as the observed instabilities. As the HF increases, the electronegativity and electron temperature are reduced and the electron density increases, resulting in a gradual disappearance of the instabilities.
A hybrid physics/data-driven logic to detect, classify, and predict anomalies and disruptions in tokamak plasmas
Authors: Rossi R. , Gelfusa M. , Craciunescu T. , Wyss I. , Vega J. ,   A. Murari on behalf of JET Contributors
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Disruptions are abrupt collapses of the configuration that have afflicted all tokamaks ever operated. Reliable observers are a prerequisite to the definition and the deployment of any realistic strategy of countermeasures to avoid or mitigate disruptions. Lacking first principle models of the dynamics leading to disruptions, in the past decades empirical predictors have been extensively studied and some were even installed in JET real time network. Having been conceived as engineering tools, they were often very abstract. In this work, physics and data-driven methodologies are combined to identify the main macroscopic precursors of disruptions: magnetic instabilities, abnormal kinetic profiles and radiation patterns. Machine learning predictors utilising these observers can not only detect and classify these anomalies but also determine their probability of occurrence and estimate the time remaining before their onset. These tools have been applied to a database of about two thousand JET discharges with various isotopic compositions including DT, in conditions simulating in all respects real time deployment. Their performance would meet ITER requirements, and they are expected to be easily transferrable to larger devices, because they rely only on normalised quantities, form factors, and physical/empirical scaling laws.
The development of an in vitro human hair follicle organoid with a complexity similar to that in vivo
Authors: Marinho Paulo André , Jeong Gyusang , Shin Seung Hyun , Kim Su Na , Choi Hyeongwon , Lee Sung Hoon , Park Byung Cheol , Hong Yong Deog , Kim Hyoung-June , Park Won-Seok 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In vitro hair follicle (HF) models are currently limited to ex vivo HF organ cultures (HFOCs) or 2D models that are of low availability and do not reproduce the architecture or behavior of the hair, leading to poor screening systems. To resolve this issue, we developed a technology for the construction of a human in vitro hair construct based on the assemblage of different types of cells present in the hair organ. First, we demonstrated that epithelial cells, when isolated in vitro, have similar genetic signatures regardless of their dissection site, and their trichogenic potential is dependent on the culture conditions. Then, using cell aggregation techniques, 3D spheres of dermal papilla (DP) were constructed, and subsequently, epithelial cells were added, enabling the production and organization of keratins in hair, similar to what is seen in vivo. These reconstructed tissues resulted in the following hair compartments: K71 (inner root-sheath), K85 (matrix region), K75 (companion layer), and vimentin (DP). Furthermore, the new hair model was able to elongate similarly to ex vivo HFOC, resulting in a shaft-like shape several hundred micrometers in length. As expected, when the model was exposed to hair growth enhancers, such as ginseng extract, or inhibitors, such as TGF-B-1, significant effects similar to those in vivo were observed. Moreover, when transplanted into skin biopsies, the new constructs showed signs of integration and hair bud generation. Owing to its simplicity and scalability, this model fully enables high throughput screening of molecules, which allows understanding of the mechanism by which new actives treat hair loss, finding optimal concentrations, and determining the synergy and antagonism among different raw materials. Therefore, this model could be a starting point for applying regenerative medicine approaches to treat hair loss.
Devitrite (Na2Ca3Si6O16) phase dominated nanostructured 45S5 bioactive glass: exploring its structural and biological properties
Authors: Elakkiya K , Ashok Raja C , Balakumar S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This research study is primarily centred around calcination temperature and time influence on phase formation in bioactive glasses (BGs). In the present study, BG with a nominal composition of 45S5 was synthesized through the sol–gel process. The developed BGs then underwent heat treatment for various sintering durations and temperatures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the BGs reveals that the sintering process led to the crystallization of both devitrite (Na2Ca3Si6O16) and combeite (Na2Ca2Si3O9) phases. The field emission scanning electron microscopy study divulges morphological alterations, from sheet-like to rod-like structures to eventually transforming into spherical and sheet-like structures. The surface area and Type-IV mesoporous porosity were validated through Brunauer Emmett Teller analysis, highlighting a notable increase in pore volume and mechanical strength at a lower sintering temperature. In vitro apatite formation was carried out in Hank’s balance salt in order to evaluate the bioactivity of the glass. After 7 d of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), XRD patterns and scanning electron microscopy micrographs results showed that formation of hydroxyapatite layer on the surface of the BGs. The BG compatibility with erythrocytes (red blood cells) was also studied, and the results revealed that there was only a low 2% lysis, showing good hemocompatibility. The drug loading and release behaviour of the BGs was studied in the in vitro analysis. The findings showed a high drug encapsulation effectiveness of up to 90% and continuous drug release from the BGs for 24 h. The materials biocompatibility was unambiguously confirmed by cytocompatibility and proliferation studies. This study provides compelling evidence for the exceptional efficacy and promise of the distinct 45S5 BGs in advancing the field of regenerative medicine.
Current approaches in tissue engineering-based nanotherapeutics for osteosarcoma treatment
Authors: Shanmugavadivu Abinaya , Lekhavadhani Sundaravadhanan , Miranda P J , Selvamurugan Nagarajan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone neoplasm plagued by poor prognosis. Major treatment strategies include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Chemotherapy to treat OS has severe adverse effects due to systemic toxicity to healthy cells. A possible way to overcome the limitation is to utilize nanotechnology. Nanotherapeutics is an emerging approach in treating OS using nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Surgical resection of OS leaves a critical bone defect requiring medical intervention. Recently, tissue engineered scaffolds have been reported to provide physical support to bone defects and aid multimodal treatment of OS. These scaffolds loaded with nanoparticulate delivery systems could also actively repress tumor growth and aid new bone formation. The rapid developments in nanotherapeutics and bone tissue engineering have paved the way for improved treatment efficacy for OS-related bone defects. This review focuses on current bifunctional nanomaterials-based tissue engineered (NTE) scaffolds that use novel approaches such as magnetic hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, bioceramic and polymeric nanotherapeutics against OS. With further optimization and screening, NTE scaffolds could meet clinical applications for treating OS patients.
Orthosymplectic
Z2×Z2Z2×Z2
-graded Lie superalgebras and parastatistics
Authors: Stoilova N I , der Jeugt J Van 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A

Z

2

×

Z

2

-graded Lie superalgebra

g

is a

Z

2

×

Z

2

-graded algebra with a bracket

[
[
⋅
,
⋅
]
]

that satisfies certain graded versions of the symmetry and Jacobi identity. In particular, despite the common terminology,

g

is not a Lie superalgebra. We construct the most general orthosymplectic

Z

2

×

Z

2

-graded Lie superalgebra

o
s
p

(
2

m
1

+
1
,
2

m
2

|

2

n
1

,
2

n
2

)

in terms of defining matrices. A special case of this algebra appeared already in work of Tolstoy in 2014. Our construction is based on the notion of graded supertranspose for a

Z

2

×

Z

2

-graded matrix. Since the orthosymplectic Lie superalgebra

o
s
p

(
2
m
+
1

|

2
n
)

is closely related to the definition of parabosons, parafermions and mixed parastatistics, we investigate here the new parastatistics relations following from

o
s
p

(
2

m
1

+
1
,
2

m
2

|

2

n
1

,
2

n
2

)

. Some special cases are of particular interest, even when one is dealing with parabosons only.
Competitive random sequential adsorption of binary mixtures of disks and discorectangles
Authors: Lebovka Nikolai , Cieśla Michał , Petrone Luca , Vygornitskii Nikolai 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The two-dimensional (2D) packings of binary mixtures of disks with diameter d and discorectangles with aspect ratio ɛ (length-to-width ratio

ε
=
l

/

d

) were studied numerically. The competitive random sequential adsorption (RSA) with simultaneous deposition of particles was considered. The aspect ratio was changed within the range

ε
=
1
−
10

. In the competitive model, the particle was selected with probability pd
(disks) and

p
ε

=
1
−

p
d

(discorectangles), and then they were placed sequentially on a solid surface without overlapping with previously placed particles. Behavior of the total coverage in jamming state ϕ

T
at different values of pd
and ɛ was analyzed. For core–shell structure of the particles the percolation connectivity of films was also discussed.
Ground improvement concept and selection for an onshore gas supply facilities in Malaysia
Authors: Ting D S , Liew C H , Hosni M N M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
An onshore natural gas supply facility is proposed to be constructed in Bintulu, Sarawak to meet the local industrial demand. The project site is mostly flat, with compressible layer identified at several locations. To mitigate the risk of uneven settlement, RC piled foundation is selected to support facilities on the soft ground. However, for infrastructure such as roads, drains, and underground firewater lines, fully piled foundations will drastically increase the project duration and cost. Alternative mitigation measures to address the issues shall not hinder the access for other activities and construction sequence. In this paper, the approach taken to mitigate site-specific subsurface conditions is explained. Readers will be guided through the stages of ground improvement, from the inception of the project, the methodology used, analysis conducted, assessment and the way forward. Several options were explored considering factors such as estimated consolidation period, depth and rate of settlement, and stability analysis etc. The Remove and Replace, was selected as most suitable solution. Preliminary field results show that the targeted settlement at some areas were achieved earlier than anticipated. This enable the field installations such as firewater pipe to be laid earlier, contributed to the good project progress. Monitoring program is continued to ensure all identified areas met the accepted criteria.
Mechanical properties of concrete with hybrid binder fly ash and thermally activated alum sludge as partial cement replacement
Authors: Norlizam Anis Syazwani , Md Salleh Saleha , Hamid Roszilah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Different binders affect the mechanical properties of the concrete differently. Previous results show that optimum 15% of thermally activated alum sludge (TAASA) replacing cement (C) increase the compressive strength of concrete, and reversed for fly ash (FA) at 45% and more. This paper investigates the optimum binders’ ratio (total binder 25%) to produce highest compressive strength at 7, and 28 days. The ratios of FA: TAASA are S0-Control (0:0), S1-(4:0) S2-(3:1) S3-(2:2) S4-(1:3) and S5-(0:4). The cement used is a CEM II/B-L 32.5 N Portland composite. Results show that the slumps of all mixes decreased, with lowest for S1 (single binder FA). For the compressive strength (7 and 28 days), hybrid FA and TAASA with equal amount of 12.5% (S3) shows the highest, and all mixes’ strengths are above the control (S0). The strength increase of S3 is 58%, that is, from 22 MPa at 7 days to 29 MPa at 28 days. The flexural and split tensile of S3 are also higher than control (S0) at both ages. Hybrid FA and TAASA binders can produce superior mechanical properties concrete when the correct ratios are used compared to single binder replacement or all-cement binder concrete.
Polarization-based all-optical logic gates using diffractive neural networks
Authors: Lin Xiaohong , Zhang Kuo , Liao Kun , Huang Haiqi , Fu Yulan , Zhang Xinping , Feng Shuai , Hu Xiaoyong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Optical logic operations are an essential part of optical computing. The inherent stability and low susceptibility of polarization to the external environment make it a suitable choice for acting as the logical state in computational tasks. Traditional polarization-based optical logic devices often rely on complex cascading structures to implement multiple logic gates. In this work, by leveraging the framework of deep diffractive neural networks (D2NN), we proposed a uniform approach to designing polarization-encoded all-optical logic devices with simpler and more flexible structures. We have implemented AND, OR, NOT, NAND, and NOR gates, as well as High-order Selector and Low-order Selector. These polarization-based all-optical logic devices using D2NN offer passive nature, stability, and high extinction ratio features, paving the way for a broader exploration of optical logic computing in the future.
Design of a 16–bit 500 MS s–1 SAR-ADC at 45 nm for low power and high frequency applications
Authors: Singh Tejender , Tripathi Suman Lata , Mahmud Mufti 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study gives a thorough analysis of the performance of a 45 nm CMOS process-designed 16-bit 500 MS/s successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (SAR-ADC). 16-bit R-2R DAC double-tail dynamic latch, Widlar current method, variable body-biasing technique, sample and hold block, 16-bit SAR, and 16-bit latch are used to design proposed SAR-ADC block. The SAR-ADC design and simulations were carried out using Cadence Virtuoso software. This powerful electronic design automation (EDA) tool facilitated the design, layout, and simulation of the ADC, ensuring a comprehensive analysis of its performance characteristics. MATLAB was used for post-simulation data analysis, processing, and visualization. The proposed SAR-ADC is compared with few existing examples listed as ADS8881, LTC2380–16, ADS8344, LTC2368, and MAX11156 on the performance metrics including signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), figure of merit (FOM), total harmonic distortion (THD), resolution, delay, power consumption and figure of Merit (FOM). This work is highlighting different aspects of the suggested architecture and demonstrates how it outperforms benchmark of ADCs in terms of power usage, SNR, THD, and FOM. A SAR-ADC attains a power consumption of 39.2 μW while operating at sampling frequency of 500 MS s–1 at supply voltage of 1 V. The results provide fresh perspectives for potential improvements in existing work in terms of reduction in power consumption and high-speed ADC at 16-bit resolution and also Jitter is scrutinized across various stages of the SAR-ADC. The proposed low power, high speed and high-resolution SAR ADC is targeted for high-quality analog-to-digital signal conversion useful in industrial automation systems, medical devices, IoT and audio processing modules.
Hausdorff dimension of the Cartesian product of limsup sets in Diophantine approximation
Authors: Wang Baowei , Wu Jun 
Published: February 2024

The metric theory of limsup sets is the main topic in metric Diophantine approximation. A very simple observation by Erdös shows the dimension of the Cartesian product of two sets of Liouville numbers is 1. To disclose the mystery hidden there, we consider and present a general principle for the Hausdorff dimension of the Cartesian product of limsup sets. As an application of our general principle, it is found that

dim

H

⁡
W
(
ψ
)
×
⋯
×
W
(
ψ
)
=
d
−
1
+

dim

H

⁡
W
(
ψ
)

\begin{equation*} \dim _{\mathcal H}W(\psi )\times \cdots \times W(\psi )=d-1+\dim _{\mathcal H}W(\psi ) \end{equation*}

where

W
(
ψ
)

W(\psi )

is the set of

ψ
\psi

-well approximable points in

R

\mathbb {R}

and

ψ
:

N

→

R

+

\psi : \mathbb {N}\to \mathbb {R}^+

is a positive non-increasing function. Even this concrete case was never observed before. Our result can also be compared with Marstrand’s famous inequality on the dimension of the Cartesian product of general sets.