bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MARCH5 promotes STING pathway activation by suppressing polymer formation of oxidized STING
Authors: Son Kyungpyo , Jeong Seokhwan , Eom Eunchong , Kwon Dohyeong , Kang Suk‐Jo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a core DNA sensing adaptor in innate immune signaling. STING activity is regulated by a variety of post‐translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, palmitoylation, and oxidation, as well as the balance between active and inactive polymer formation. It remains unclear, though, how different PTMs and higher order structures cooperate to regulate STING activity. Here, we report that the mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase MARCH5 (Membrane Associated Ring‐CH‐type Finger 5, also known as MITOL) ubiquitinates STING and enhances its activation. A long‐term MARCH5 deficiency, in contrast, leads to the production of reactive oxygen species, which then facilitate the formation of inactive STING polymers by oxidizing mouse STING cysteine 205. We show that MARCH5‐mediated ubiquitination of STING prevents the oxidation‐induced STING polymer formation. Our findings highlight that MARCH5 balances STING ubiquitination and polymer formation and its control of STING activation is contingent on oxidative conditions.
The Sequential Intercept Model and Forensic Assertive Community Treatment (FACT) for People with Serious Mental Illness: Implications for Social Work Practice
Authors: Zampella Brian 
Published: November 2023

In the United States, adults with serious mental illness are overrepresented in the criminal justice system. The sequential intercept model is a novel framework that identifies three major stages where interventions for this population can best be utilized: pretrial diversion, post-plea alternative to incarceration (ATI), and community reentry from jail and prison. This paper begins with a review of the literature that supports the application of Forensic Assertive Community Treatment (FACT) across these three stages. This paper will also draw on the influences of therapeutic jurisprudence, which holds that the courts can be used to both advance public safety and enhance access to mental health services for justice involved people with serious mental illness.
The literature has suggested that patients receiving FACT services have been found to have lower rates of psychiatric hospitalization and criminal justice recidivism in comparison to those who received traditional mental health services. This paper will touch on cutting edge practices to reduce psychiatric hospitalization and criminal justice recidivism rates among people with mental illness that are currently in use. In particular, programs involving law enforcement integration such as ACT-PI teams, co-response teams, and crisis intervention training will be explored. This paper will focus on applications and limitations of FACT across the various stages of the sequential intercept model, with a particular focus of using FACT as a way to reduce racial and gender disparities within the criminal justice system among people with serious mental illness. In light of the broad support the literature highlights for FACT when applied earlier within the criminal justice system, social work practice efforts should accordingly focus on expansion of early access to FACT services. In particular, criminal justice policy efforts should be expanded with respect to utilization of these services at the pretrial diversion and ATI stages, where they are historically underutilized.
Farmers' Production Practices, Incidence and Management of Pests and Diseases, Extension Services, and Factors Limiting Cotton Production and Quality in South Africa
Authors: Malinga L.N. , Laing M.D. 
Published: November 2023

Cotton is one of the essential cash crops; however, several factors, such as low yields and pest and disease infestations, affect the production. In South Africa, cotton production has increased among small-scale farmers since the late 1990s. Although the crop is not new to South African farmers, no recent information reflects the current status of cotton production practices. A study evaluated farmers' production practices, the incidence and management of pests and diseases, extension services, and factors limiting cotton production and quality in South Africa. One hundred and forty farmers, mainly smallholder farmers, were interviewed during the 2017/18 growing season. Most farmers planted genetically modified (GM) cotton on less than 5 ha of cotton, with 96% planting under dryland. Most farmers neither practised conservation agriculture (95%) nor conducted soil analyses (87%). A mean cottonseed yield of 700 kg ha-1 was reported on dryland cotton, and 5 000 kg ha-1 was obtained from irrigated cotton. Most of the farmers (99%) harvested their cotton by handpicking. Farmers' pest knowledge was higher than their knowledge of different diseases. Most participants were unaware of nematodes (88%) or disease-resistant cultivars (74%), while 91% were aware of insect-resistant cultivars. Extension officers only mentored and supported many respondents (82%). Most farmers (93%) relied on pesticides to control cotton pests, and the rest (7%) used biological control. Climatic conditions (98%), labour costs (88%), and insect infestations (42%) were identified as the main constraints in cotton production. Although this study had a limited number of surveyed farmers, it gives some insight into their knowledge and challenges.
Health Literacy among the Adolescent Girls: A Socio-Economic Analysis of the Adolescent Girls of Darrang District, Assam
Authors: Niluphar Yashmin  , Mehjubin Sultana  
Published: November 2023

In the present century the most needed quality that every society should have is the “Health Literacy”. In this century where we are facing pandemics, where people are witnessing or to be specific suffering from various savage troubles people are really required to be conscious about their health. We have chosen to study this problem more importantly from the perspective of adolescent girls as adolescence is the most critical age of development full of multifaceted problems and challenges. They not only experience rapid developmental changes but also face various psycho-social trauma and anxiety. We have chosen Darrang district as our subject area to study. We have sufficiently made investigation on the issue to grasp the real scenario. This paper will surely throw light on the rate of health consciousness or literacy among the adolescent girls of this specific area. If there is any inefficiency then through this paper, we will make effort to provide probable solution to it. We have properly studied the adolescent girls between the age of 12 to 18 through primary and secondary sources. We have used survey as well as personal interview among the subject to find out the outcome.
Examining entry and exit rates of poverty in Turkey: A dynamic probit regression analysis
Authors: Bilik Mustafa 
Published: November 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to add to the current poverty dynamics literature by investigating the underlying causes of poverty persistence in Turkey, with an emphasis on both entry and exit rates.
Methods: The study analyzes data from the Turkish Statistical Institute's "Survey on Income and Living Conditions" from 2018 to 2021 using dynamic probit models. This large dataset, which gives a detailed picture of socioeconomic situations, helps in properly understanding the complex aspects influencing poverty rates.
Findings: The analysis reveals significant poverty persistence in Turkey, influenced by factors such as gender, marital status, employment, and health conditions. According to the research, these variables frequently interact, forming a complex structure that maintains poverty throughout the country.
Implications: The findings necessitate targeted interventions to address persistent poverty, considering the diverse influencing factors. This could lead to a reduction in poverty rates and improved socioeconomic conditions for individuals.
Originality/Value: This study offers a unique perspective on poverty dynamics in Turkey, focusing on both entry and exit rates. It provides valuable insights for those formulating policies or strategies aimed at poverty reduction, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach to poverty alleviation.
Desain Pelatihan Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila Lintas Jenjang Pendidikan di Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Pangandaran, Jawa Barat
Authors: Setiawan Budi , Dewi Laksmi , Rusman Rusman , Arifin Zainal , Hernawan Asep Herry 
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan desain model pengembangan Profil Pelajar Pancasila yang diwujudkan melalui sistem pendidikan, sekaligus merupakan komitmen penyelenggara pendidikan dalam membangun sumber daya manusia Indonesia. Profil pelajar, profil lulusan (graduate profile), potret lulusan (portrait of a graduate), atau luaran dari sistem pendidikan (student outcomes) adalah beberapa istilah yang memiliki makna serupa dengan Profil Pelajar Pancasila. Profil Pelajar Pancasila merupakan jawaban dari pertanyaan penting: “karakter serta kemampuan esensial apa yang perlu dipelajari dan dikembangkan secara terus-menerus oleh setiap individu warga negara Indonesia, sejak pendidikan anak usia dini hingga mereka menamatkan sekolah menengah atas?” Kemampuan esensial yang dimaksud adalah kemampuan yang tidak hanya melekat pada mata pelajaran, melainkan kemampuan yang bertahan lama (dibandingkan pengetahuan yang diingat), yang dibangun selama seseorang belajar di satuan pendidikan, bahkan hingga individu sudah bertahun-tahun menyelesaikan pendidikannya. Karakter dan kompetensi yang termuat dalam Profil Pelajar Pancasila diharapkan menjadi bekal yang cukup bagi setiap pelajar Indonesia untuk memaksimalkan potensi diri dan kecakapan hidupnya, serta hidup di tengah masyarakat dan turut berkontribusi dalam memajukan bangsa.
Gender Representation in Major Orthopaedic Surgery Meetings
Authors: Vivekanantha Prushoth , Dao Andre , Hiemstra Laurie , Shields Maegan , Chan Andrea , Wadey Veronica , Ferguson Peter , Shah Ajay 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Orthopaedic surgery suffers from gender disparity, and annual conferences are visible opportunities to quantify gender representation within a field. Therefore, the purpose of this manuscript was to investigate the prevalence of female speakers and moderators, and male-only panel sessions, at 10 major Orthopaedic Surgery meetings.

Methods:
Conference programs and details of faculty moderating or presenting in 10 Orthopaedic Surgery annual meetings in 2021 were retrieved. Conferences were selected with the aim of size and diversity in subspecialty topics and included American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons, American Association for Hand Surgery, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, Canadian Orthopaedic Association (COA), European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, North American Spine Society, Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS), Orthopaedic Trauma Association, and Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA). Primary outcomes included percentage of female chairs and speakers and percentage of male-only panels, while secondary outcomes included number of publications, number of citations, and H-indexes of faculty. Further subgroup comparisons were performed between male-only panels and non–male-only panels and female members and male members.

Results:
Of 207 included sessions, 121 (58.5%) were male-only panels and 150 (12.6%) of 1,188 faculty members were women. Conferences organized by the COA, ORS, and POSNA had higher percentages of female representation, while spine surgery and adult hip/knee reconstruction sessions had more than 70% male-only panels and fewer than 10% female members. There were no significant differences between male members and female members regarding years of practice; however, male members were more likely to hold the title of professor (p < 0.001). Male members and female members stratified by quartiles of publications, citations, and H-indexes, moderated or participated in similar numbers of sessions, indicating an absence of selection bias.

Conclusions:
There is a high prevalence of male-only panels (58.5%) and an overall lack of female representation (12.6%) in 10 major Orthopaedic Surgery meetings. Male members and female members from these conferences were found to have similar qualifications academically. Specific strategies such as the elimination of male-only panels, selecting diverse conference organizers, and forming conference equity, diversity, and inclusion committees can help achieve cultural change.

Level of Evidence:
Level V.
Novel Use of Microbial Hydrocarbon Detection Technology in Reducing the Risk of Nonhydrocarbon Exploration in Oil and Gas Exploration in the South China Sea
Authors: Li Ding 
Published: November 2023

Summary
As the exploration of the South China Sea continues into deeper water, the chances of encountering nonhydrocarbon gas (CO2, N2, etc.) reservoirs rise. The question of how to avoid the risks associated with the discovery of nonhydrocarbon gas reservoirs becomes an issue for deepwater (DW) oil and gas exploration. Geomicrobial hydrocarbon detection (GMHD) is a nonseismic hydrocarbon detection technology that is able to predict the hydrocarbon potential of a prospective area at depth. This is accomplished via the detection of specific hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria in both onshore soils and offshore sea bottom sediment samples. The effectiveness of this method has been proved repeatedly in DW explorations of the northern South China Sea. It documents a possible solution to nonhydrocarbon gas risk prediction by combining the oil and gas prediction results of geomicrobial hydrocarbon detection with results from geological and geophysical studies to analyze the different microbial responses above nonhydrocarbon gas and hydrocarbon gas reservoirs. This was verified in the DW exploration practices undertaken in the Pearl River Mouth Basin and Qiongdongnan Basin of South China Sea.
Experimental and Simulation Investigation on Ball-Sealer Transport and Diversion Performance Aided by Machine Learning Method
Authors: Qu Hai , Liu Ying , Li Chengying , Zeng Zhijun , Liu Xu , Li Zhelun 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Ball-sealer diversion has been proven to be an effective and economical way to increase fractures and fracturing volume in multistage hydraulic fracturing and matrix acidizing treatments. However, designing and implementing a successful ball-sealer diversion treatment is still challenging. Typically, operators rely on empirical data to determine diversion parameters and need an understanding of accurate ball transport and diversion behaviors. A model for optimizing operating parameters, including fluid and ball properties, and predicting the diversion performance of ball sealers before treatment is needed for designing the fracturing process.
In this work, we systematically investigated ball-sealer diversion using experimental and numerical methods. The resolved model of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) is first developed to simulate the transport of a large ball in a horizontal wellbore with side holes. The experimental results validated the numerical model. The effects of the ball position in the pipe, flow ratio of the hole to pipe, injection flow rate, and ball density on the diversion performance were studied under field parameters.
The results show that the ball sealer easily misses the heel-side perforation due to the inertial effect and travels to the toe side due to the large inertia and turbulent flow. The ball position and flow rate ratio are crucial for the diversion performance. There is a threshold value of the ball position under the specific condition, and the ball successfully turns to the perforation only when the threshold distance is met. A ball sealer closer to the perforation will have a larger probability of blocking the hole than the ball at the other side of the wellbore. The larger the flow rate ratio, the more the drag force on the ball, and the ball can successfully divert to the perforation despite the ball being far from the hole. The injection flow rate and ball density negatively correlate with the diversion performance due to the large inertia and gravity. The best classification result with the F1 score of 87.0% in the prediction set was achieved using the random forest (RF) algorithm. It provides new insight into developing ball sealers and adjusting fracturing parameters based on machine learning (ML) methods.
Environmental impacts of forest fire in Uttarakhand using machine learning techniques
Authors: Tiwari Arpit , Kumar Ravi Ranjan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wildfires are significant emitters of trace gases and aerosols that impact air quality and ecosystem. Smoke plumes produced by wildfire are key considerations in climate and air quality modelling. Wildfires are significant sources of light-absorbing aerosols, specifically involving black carbon (BC) as scattering aerosols, all of which have wide environmental impacts. Smoke produced by forest fires escape the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and have the potential to stay aloft for several days. These smoke aerosols can alter the regional radiation budget and extend beyond the age of the fire itself resulting as air quality degradation up to hundreds of kilometres downwind. These particles have the potential to act as cloud-condensation nuclei (CCN) that alter cloud reflectivity, cloud lifetime, and the frequency of precipitation. Along with atmospheric effects; wildfires are responsible for hydrophobic soil that prevents the absorption of water. Wildfires that began in Uttarakhand on October 15, 2020 were still burning on April 5, 2021 which definitely is another manifestation of climate change. The impact of above fires was studied using Sentinel-2 satellite over Almora district in Uttarakhand on January 16, 2021 and April 1, 2021. The study revealed that 210 hectares out of 460.67 hectares area was burnt in the Almora. The burnt region was classified based on burn severity using delta Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) algorithm for pre and post fire period. Effects on the soil were evaluated using the soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) and the normalized differential moisture index (NDMI). Emissions and aboveground biomass (AGB) were estimated using machine learning techniques for the study area. Results show moderate to strong RBR, 38% increased AOT, decreased soil moisture, and moderate burned biomass at most of the locations. The atmospheric effects of this wildfire event and the estimate of burnt AGB have been presented in this research paper.
Evaluation of the demographic characteristics and general health status of earthquake survivors affected by the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake; A section from Gaziantep Nurdağı district
Authors: Tomak Leman , Demirel Tolga , Demir İbrahim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.7 occurred in Pazarcık district of Turkey at 04.17 on February 6, 2023 and another earthquake of 7.6 occurred at 13.24 on the same day. This is the second largest earthquake to have occurred in Turkey. The aim of this study is to investigate the earthquake-related level of knowledge, attitudes and behaviours, general health and psychological status of survivors who were affected by the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake and who were living in Nurdağı district of Gaziantep after the earthquake.
Methods: Data of 2317 individuals older than 18 years of age who were living in earthquake neighbourhoods, tents and containers in Nurdağı district of Gaziantep were examined. Variables were evaluated to find out the demographic characteristics and general health status of earthquake victims. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used to find out psychological states of earthquake victims.
Results: The participants had an average age of 45.71±15.62 (18-90) years; 50.7 % of the participants were men and 49.3 % were women. Married participants constituted 82.1 % and housewives constituted 42.1 % of all participants. 17.1% of the survivors had lost first degree relative, while 51.0% had lost second degree relatives. The rate of injuries was 14.2% and leg and foot injuries were the most common with 44.2%. Mean GHQ-12 score of the survivors was 3.81±2.81 and 51.9% experienced psychological distress. In the evaluation with logistic regression, it was found that female gender, being injured in the earthquake, loss of first degree and second degree relatives (with a higher rate in loss of first degree relative), having a severely damaged-to be demolished house and having a completely destroyed house were correlated with higher level of psychological distress.
Conclusion: General characteristics, injury prevalence and affecting factors of earthquake survivors were evaluated in the present study. Psychological distress was found in victims.
For this reason, providing protective and assistive services to fight the destructive effects of earthquake is vital.
Piezo1 transduces inflammatory pain signals in nociceptors
Authors: Hong Gyu-Sang , Lee Pa Reum , Ha Taewoong , Choi Hoon-Seong , Lee Seung Eun , Kim Chungho 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mechanosensation begins with sensing pressure by mechanically activated (MA) channels in the nerve endings of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Piezos are the first discovered MA channels in mammals with various mechanosensations. Piezo2’s function is mainly linked to light touch, nociception, and proprioception in DRGs. However, the involvement of Piezo1 in mechanical pain has remained uncertain. Here, we report that Piezo1 transcripts are distinctively expressed in DRGs whose population is largely positive for Trpv1. Similarly, Yoda1, a Piezo1 agonist, induces robust Ca2+ elevation among capsaicin-positive populations. DRG neurons infected with Piezo1 shRNA virus result in a reduction of intermediately-adapting type of MA currents. Silencing Piezo1 reduces tactile pain hypersensitivity in formalin- and carrageenan-dependent inflammation. Furthermore, Piezo1 ablation in DRGs induces excitability change within capsaicin-positive populations. Our findings suggest that Piezo1 is an MA channel mediating mechanical pain in DRGs.
Community optometry-based diabetic retinopathy review clinics – a new model of care and comparison with virtual diabetic retinopathy clinics
Authors: Gallagher Kevin , Dorrian Dervla , Al-Janabi Ahmed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the UK, this study evaluates a novel community optometry-based DR review service against traditional hospital-based virtual DR clinics.
Methods
Data from both clinic types were analysed. Metrics included DR grading, management plans, grading concordance between community optometrists and consultant ophthalmologists, and the assessment of “ungradable” retinopathy referrals.
Results
1760 patients attended the virtual clinic between Jan 2021 and Sept 23. 954 patient attended the community review clinic between Aug 22 and Sept 23. 24% of patients seen in the community clinic required subsequent hospital F2F appointment, versus 36% from virtual clinics. Grading agreements between community optometrists and hospital consultants were significant with Weighted Kappa scores of 0.61 (95% CI 0.52–0.69) for DR grade and 0.69 (95% CI 0.56–0.82) for DMO status. Additionally, the community clinic reported a considerably reduced non-attendance rate of 5%, in contrast to 21% in virtual clinics.
Conclusion
The community optometry-based DR service emerges as an efficient, safe alternative to hospital services. It offers notable advantages over virtual clinics and addresses a care gap for those unsuitable for virtual consultations. The results highlight the potential of community-based models in managing DR.