bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to the healthy eating index-2010 and alternative healthy eating index-2010 in relation to metabolic syndrome among African Americans in the Jackson heart study
Authors: Reeder Nicole K , Reneker Jennifer C , Beech Bettina M , Bruce Marino A , Heitman Elizabeth , Norris Keith C , Talegawkar Sameera A , Thorpe Roland J 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjective:The primary objective of this study was to determine whether Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) scores were associated with incident metabolic syndrome.Design:This study is a secondary analysis of data from the Jackson Heart Study. HEI and AHEI scores were divided into quintiles and Cox proportional hazards regression models were analysed for 1864 African American adults free from metabolic syndrome at Exam 1 to examine the incidence of metabolic syndrome by quintile of dietary quality score.Setting:Hinds, Madison and Rankin counties, Mississippi, USA.Participants:African American adults, ages 21–94 years, 60·9 % female.Results:Over a mean follow-up time of 6·7 years, we observed 932 incident cases of metabolic syndrome. After adjusting for multiple covariates, a higher HEI score at Exam 1 was not associated with the risk of incident metabolic syndrome, except when looking at the trend analysis for the subgroup of adults with two metabolic syndrome components at Exam 1 (P-trend= 0·03). A higher AHEI score at Exam 1 was associated with the risk of incident metabolic syndrome (hazard ratio for those in the highest quintile compared to the lowest: 0·80 (95 % CI: 0·65, 0·99),P-trend= 0·03).Conclusion:These findings suggest that a dietary pattern that scores higher on the AHEI may help reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome, even for adults who already have two of the minimum of three components required for a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.
Small‐Scale Overturn of High‐Ti Cumulates Promoted by the Long Lifetime of the Lunar Magma Ocean
Authors: Maurice M. , Tosi N. , Hüttig C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe fractional crystallization of the lunar magma ocean (LMO) results in a gravitationally unstable layering, with dense Fe‐ and Ti‐oxides overlying lighter mafic cumulates. Due to their high density, these are prone to overturn via Rayleigh‐Taylor instability. However, this instability competes with the downward growth of the cold and stiff stagnant lid, which tends to trap the cumulates preventing their overturn. The fate of high‐Ti cumulates (HTC) plays a major role in several aspects of the Moon's history, including mare volcanism, early magnetism, and the presence of a partially molten layer at the core‐mantle boundary (CMB). To assess the extent of the overturn of HTC, we use 2D simulations of thermo‐chemical mantle convection in the presence of a solidifying LMO. The long lifetime of the magma ocean caused by the insulating effect of the plagioclase crust delays the growth of the stagnant lid and promotes the onset of solid‐state convection during magma ocean solidification. Both phenomena favor a high degree of mobilization of the HTC. Independent of the rheology of the mafic and HTC, the overturn is always characterized by small‐scale instabilities and is completed within ∼300–600 Myr. High‐Ti material accumulates at the CMB where it undergoes partial melting until present‐day, in agreement with the existence of a deep, partially molten layer inferred from geodetic data. Part of the overturned cumulates is entrained by mantle flow and can participate in secondary melting until ∼1 Ga, in agreement with the age of high‐Ti mare basalts.
Distribution and Characteristics of Blackwater Rivers and Streams of the Contiguous United States
Authors: Flotemersch Joseph E. , Blocksom Karen A. , Herlihy Alan T. , Kaufmann Philip R. , Mitchell Richard M. , Peck David V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBlackwater rivers and streams have stained or tea‐colored water from tannins released by decaying plant matter. Natural conditions in these waters often differ from non‐blackwater systems. For example, the pH and oxygen levels in waters can be very low, but completely natural. We examined an existing USEPA data set and found that blackwaters existed across the contiguous United States but were most common in the east. Water chemistry showed differences between blackwater and non‐blackwater sites, but differences were not consistent across ecoregions making national scale generalizations difficult. Physical habitat data analysis did not show dramatic differences between blackwater and non‐blackwater sites. Blackwater typically arises from streams that drain tannin‐rich bogs/muskeg and wetlands, so as expected blackwater sites had a shorter Euclidean distance to wetlands than non‐blackwater sites and existed in watersheds with a higher percentage of wetland habitat. Blackwaters in Northern and Temperate Plains tended to have higher acid neutralizing capacity, conductivity, and lower True Color; a visual color scale used for water purity. We posit that differences were because Color and Dissolved Organic Carbon at these sites were from buried wetland deposits rather than contemporary wetland habitats. Research needs that may increase our understanding and management of blackwaters include development of an operational definition that includes a classification framework and reference conditions for different blackwater types, identification of stressors and their associated dynamics that negatively impact blackwater systems, and development of data‐driven, consistent, and repeatable assessment methods, including development of targets, protective of unique conditions in blackwater rivers and streams.
Hybrid oxide coatings generate stable Cu catalysts for CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Albertini Petru P. , Newton Mark A. , Wang Min , Segura Lecina Ona , Green Philippe B. , Stoian Dragos C. , Oveisi Emad , Loiudice Anna , Buonsanti Raffaella 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHybrid organic/inorganic materials have contributed to solve important challenges in different areas of science. One of the biggest challenges for a more sustainable society is to have active and stable catalysts that enable the transition from fossil fuel to renewable feedstocks, reduce energy consumption and minimize the environmental footprint. Here we synthesize novel hybrid materials where an amorphous oxide coating with embedded organic ligands surrounds metallic nanocrystals. We demonstrate that the hybrid coating is a powerful means to create electrocatalysts stable against structural reconstruction during the CO2 electroreduction. These electrocatalysts consist of copper nanocrystals encapsulated in a hybrid organic/inorganic alumina shell. This shell locks a fraction of the copper surface into a reduction-resistant Cu2+ state, which inhibits those redox processes responsible for the structural reconstruction of copper. The electrocatalyst activity is preserved, which would not be possible with a conventional dense alumina coating. Varying the shell thickness and the coating morphology yields fundamental insights into the stabilization mechanism and emphasizes the importance of the Lewis acidity of the shell in relation to the retention of catalyst structure. The synthetic tunability of the chemistry developed herein opens new avenues for the design of stable electrocatalysts and beyond.
Multiscale biochemical mapping of the brain through deep-learning-enhanced high-throughput mass spectrometry
Authors: Xie Yuxuan Richard , Castro Daniel C. , Rubakhin Stanislav S. , Trinklein Timothy J. , Sweedler Jonathan V. , Lam Fan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSpatial omics technologies can reveal the molecular intricacy of the brain. While mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provides spatial localization of compounds, comprehensive biochemical profiling at a brain-wide scale in three dimensions by MSI with single-cell resolution has not been achieved. We demonstrate complementary brain-wide and single-cell biochemical mapping using MEISTER, an integrative experimental and computational mass spectrometry (MS) framework. Our framework integrates a deep-learning-based reconstruction that accelerates high-mass-resolving MS by 15-fold, multimodal registration creating three-dimensional (3D) molecular distributions and a data integration method fitting cell-specific mass spectra to 3D datasets. We imaged detailed lipid profiles in tissues with millions of pixels and in large single-cell populations acquired from the rat brain. We identified region-specific lipid contents and cell-specific localizations of lipids depending on both cell subpopulations and anatomical origins of the cells. Our workflow establishes a blueprint for future development of multiscale technologies for biochemical characterization of the brain.
Toward universal cell embeddings: integrating single-cell RNA-seq datasets across species with SATURN
Authors: Rosen Yanay , Brbić Maria , Roohani Yusuf , Swanson Kyle , Li Ziang , Leskovec Jure 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAnalysis of single-cell datasets generated from diverse organisms offers unprecedented opportunities to unravel fundamental evolutionary processes of conservation and diversification of cell types. However, interspecies genomic differences limit the joint analysis of cross-species datasets to homologous genes. Here we present SATURN, a deep learning method for learning universal cell embeddings that encodes genes’ biological properties using protein language models. By coupling protein embeddings from language models with RNA expression, SATURN integrates datasets profiled from different species regardless of their genomic similarity. SATURN can detect functionally related genes coexpressed across species, redefining differential expression for cross-species analysis. Applying SATURN to three species whole-organism atlases and frog and zebrafish embryogenesis datasets, we show that SATURN can effectively transfer annotations across species, even when they are evolutionarily remote. We also demonstrate that SATURN can be used to find potentially divergent gene functions between glaucoma-associated genes in humans and four other species.
Study of the physicochemical characteristics, antimicrobial activity, and in vitro multiplication of wild blackberry species from the Peruvian highlands
Authors: Lapiz-Culqui Yoiner K. , Meléndez-Mori Jegnes Benjamín , Tejada-Alvarado José Jesús , Cortez Denny , Huaman Eyner , Zarantes Victor M. Núñez , Oliva Manuel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Peruvian Andes are the natural habitat of several wild blackberry species that are little known and exploited due to the lack of technological and scientific development to support their agricultural potential. In this context, a study was conducted to understand the physicochemical composition, bioactive compounds, antimicrobial activity, and in vitro multiplication of four wild blackberry (Rubus sp.) species from the northern Peruvian highlands. The results indicate that fruits of R. floribundus presented the highest content of total soluble solids (9.58 ± 1.83°Brix) and titratable acidity (1.88 ± 0.07% citric acid). The fruits of R. weberbaueri recorded the highest total phenolic content (415.06 ± 8.69 mg GAE/100 g Ff). The antioxidant capacity determined by the DPPH assay varied significantly among species, with the highest value found in fruits of R. andicola (50.27 ± 0.11 mg TE/100 g Ff). The fruit extracts of R. weberbaueri and R. andicola showed better antimicrobial activity, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most sensitive bacterium. In the in vitro multiplication phase, the results show that BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) has a significant effect at a dose of 1.5 mg l−1 on shoot number, leaf number, and shoot length. The results may help in the management of genetic resources.
Prophylactic pegfilgrastim reduces febrile neutropenia in ramucirumab plus docetaxel after chemoimmunotherapy in advanced NSCLC: post hoc analysis from NEJ051
Authors: Miura Keita , Yamaguchi Ou , Mori Keita , Nakamura Atsushi , Tamiya Motohiro , Oba Tomohiro , Yanagitani Noriko , Mizutani Hideaki , Ninomiya Takashi , Kajiwara Tomosue , Ito Kentaro , Miyanaga Akihiko , Arai Daisuke , Kodama Hiroaki , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Kaira Kyoichi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRamucirumab plus docetaxel (RD) can cause febrile neutropenia (FN), which frequently requires the prophylactic administration of pegfilgrastim. However, the effects of prophylactic pegfilgrastim on FN prevention, therapeutic efficacy, and prognosis after RD have not been fully evaluated in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Two hundred and eighty-eight patients with advanced NSCLC who received RD as second-line therapy after platinum-based chemotherapy plus PD-1 blockade were included. Patients were divided into groups with and without prophylactic pegfilgrastim, and adverse events, efficacy, and prognosis were compared between both groups. Of the 288 patients, 247 received prophylactic pegfilgrastim and 41 did not. The frequency of grade 3/4 neutropenia was 62 patients (25.1%) in the pegfilgrastim group and 28 (68.3%) in the control group (p < 0.001). The frequency of FN was 25 patients (10.1%) in the pegfilgrastim group and 10 (24.4%) in the control group (p = 0.018). The objective response rate was 31.2% and 14.6% in the pegfilgrastim and control groups (p = 0.039), respectively. The disease control rate was 72.9% in the pegfilgrastim group and 51.2% in the control group (p = 0.009). Median progression free survival was 4.3 months in the pegfilgrastim group and 2.5 months in the control group (p = 0.002). The median overall survival was 12.8 and 8.1 months in the pegfilgrastim and control groups (p = 0.004), respectively. Prophylactic pegfilgrastim for RD reduced the frequency of grade 3/4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia and did not appear to be detrimental to patient outcome RD.Clinical Trial Registration Number: UMIN000042333.
Disentangling the origin of chemical differences using GHOST
Authors: Saffe C. , Miquelarena P. , Alacoria J. , Martioli E. , Flores M. , Jaque Arancibia M. , Angeloni R. , Jofré E. , Yana Galarza J. , González E. , Collado A. 
Published: February 2024

Aims. We explore different scenarios to explain the chemical difference found in the remarkable giant-giant binary system HD 138202 + CD−30 12303. For the first time, we suggest how to distinguish these scenarios by taking advantage of the extensive convective envelopes of giant stars.
Methods. We carried out a high-precision determination of stellar parameters and abundances by applying a full line-by-line differential analysis on GHOST high-resolution spectra. We used the FUNDPAR program with ATLAS12 model atmospheres and specific opacities calculated for an arbitrary composition through a doubly iterated method. Physical parameters were estimated with the isochrones package and evolutionary tracks were calculated via MIST models.
Results. We found a significant chemical difference between the two stars (Δ[Fe/H] ∼ 0.08 dex), which is largely unexpected considering the insensitivity of giant stars to planetary ingestion and diffusion effects. We tested the possibility of engulfment events by using several different combinations of stellar mass, ingested mass, metallicity of the engulfed object and different convective envelopes. However, the planetary ingestion scenario does not seem to explain the observed differences. For the first time, we distinguished the source of chemical differences using a giant-giant binary system. By ruling out other possible scenarios such as planet formation and evolutionary effects between the two stars, we suggest that primordial inhomogeneities might explain the observed differences. This remarkable result implies that the metallicity differences that were observed in at least some main-sequence binary systems might be related to primordial inhomogeneities rather than engulfment events. We also discuss the important implications of finding primordial inhomogeneities, which affect chemical tagging and other fields such as planet formation. We strongly encourage the use of giant-giant pairs. They are a relevant complement to main-sequence pairs for determining the origin of the observed chemical differences in multiple systems.
Tenfold sensitivity increase in streak camera detection by propagation synchronous integration without compromising time resolution
Authors: Elias Eduard , Sasbrink Bart , Summ Patrick , Croce Roberta , van Mourik Frank 
Published: February 2024

For many applications that involve measuring ultrafast optical phenomena, the streak camera is the device of choice because of its excellent time resolution, its high sensitivity, the possibility to simultaneously measure lifetimes and spectra, and because it can capture the temporal dynamics in a single shot. Nevertheless, to obtain a good time resolution, often narrow slits have to be employed that restrict the image source area and, therefore, limit the light collection efficiency in the experiment. For some applications, it is therefore challenging to find an acceptable balance between the time resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. To overcome this limitation, we have devised the propagation synchronous integration principle for the streak camera, in which an effective spatio-dependent time-shift in the excitation of a sample is introduced and counteracted by the streak sweep, thereby effectively allowing for an increased image source area while maintaining the optimal time resolution. Using the Optronis streak camera with tunable streak sweep and large (1 mm) photocathode width, we could achieve a sevenfold increase in light collection efficiency without affecting the time resolution. Furthermore, we were also able to achieve an 11-fold increase in light collection at the cost of a 26% decrease in the time resolution.
Measuring translators’ quality of working life and their career motivation
Authors: Sakamoto Akiko , van Laar Darren , Moorkens Joss , Carmo Félix do 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the conceptual and methodological aspects of the Translator WRQoL (Work-related Quality of
Life) survey and provides some preliminary results and observations based on the first pilot study. The survey is being developed
to measure translators’ work satisfaction and motivation in the context of job digitalisation and automation. Literature suggests
that translators’ work satisfaction and their career motivation have been adversely affected. The survey being developed in this
study intends to quantitatively measure the causes of the adverse effects using psychometric-strong scales. The ultimate goal is
to administer the Translator WRQoL survey on a large scale, and using SEM (Structural Equation Modelling), to identify the causal
relationships between the constructs measured by the scale and to determine what kind of translators (regarding worker profiles
and attitudes to technology and other factors) have high/low levels of work-related quality of life and are more/less willing to
stay in the profession.
Scalar-multi-tensor approach to
fT,B,∇μT,∇μB
teleparallel gravity
Authors: Assencio E M B , Pompeia P J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this work we analyze, in the context of modified teleparallel gravity, the equivalence between scalar-vector-tensor theories and geometrical theories of the type

f

T
,
B
,

∇

μ

T
,

∇

μ

B

, where T and B are respectively the scalar torsion and the boundary scalar. This analysis is performed in the Jordan and Einstein frames. In particular, in the latter frame, two distinct cases are analyzed, where the role of surface terms is discussed. The equivalence between the geometrical and the scalar-vector-tensor approaches is verified for regular systems, i.e. for systems that present a regular Hessian matrix. An example is presented and the analysis of the Cauchy problem is made for the different approaches. An extension for systems that include higher-order derivatives of T and B is briefly presented, showing the equivalence between the geometrical and scalar-multi tensor theories.
Realization of 1.54 μm electroluminescence via silicon-based erbium-doped SnO2 film devices
Authors: Wu Yunfeng , Pang Houwei , Wang Yuan , Fan Yuxuan , Yang Deren , Li Dongsheng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
1.54 μm telecom-wavelength electroluminescence (EL) is achieved by erbium-doped SnO2 film devices fabricated on silicon wafers. Employing fluorine as a co-dopant, the EL intensity is increased due to enhanced electrical injection of the device and improved optical activity of the erbium ions. The realization of EL can be ascribed to the inelastic impact with erbium ions through the hot electrons originating from different electrical conduction mechanisms, by controlling the SiO
x
interlayer thickness. Herein, the device based on the co-doped film presents a low turn-on voltage of 4.4 V. Via further regulating the annealing condition, the co-doped device obtains a maximum optical power density of 92.2 μW cm−2 at 1.55 μm, with an operating lifetime of more than 190 h in the atmosphere. This work clarifies the broad application prospects for SnO2 devices in silicon photonics technology.
How to produce spin-splitting in antiferromagnetic materials
Authors: Guo San-Dong , Tao Yu-Ling , Wang Guangzhao , Ang Yee Sin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials have potential advantages for spintronics due to their robustness, ultrafast dynamics, and magnetotransport effects. However, the missing spontaneous polarization and magnetization hinders the efficient utilization of electronic spin in these AFM materials. Here, we propose a simple way to produce spin-splitting in AFM materials by making the magnetic atoms with opposite spin polarization locating in the different environment (surrounding atomic arrangement), which does not necessarily require the presence of spin-orbital coupling. We confirm our proposal by four different types of two-dimensional AFM materials within the first-principles calculations. Our works provide an intuitional design principle to find or produce spin-splitting in AFM materials.
Investigation on the dynamic characteristics of anchor rods considering size effect and pull-out loads based on IIR-FDM
Authors: Sun Bing , Zhu Cong , Song Liangling , Zou Junhui , Zeng Sheng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
When the surrounding rock of tunnel anchor bars has boundaries, the signals obtained from non-destructive testing (NDT) of anchor rods will be simultaneously affected by size effects and pull-out loads, leading to potential misinterpretation of the test results. In order to accurately assess the anchorage quality of anchor rods under this interference, NDT and numerical simulations of anchor rods subjected to different anchorage quality were conducted under the influence of size effects and pull-out loads. A signal filtering method, which combines the infinite impulse response-finite difference method, was proposed for identify the impact of size effects. The study analyzed the variations in wave velocity and fundamental frequency of anchor rods with anchorage defects and intact anchor rods under the influence of size effects and pull-out loads. The results indicate that the IIR-FDM method, in comparison to the traditional wavelet method, provides better agreement between the calculated wave velocities and existing findings. With the increase of size effect, the wave velocity and amplitude ratio of the anchor rods decrease, and the fundamental frequency increases first and then decreases. As the working load on the anchor rods increases, the wave velocity initially decreases, then rises, while the fundamental frequency initially increases and then experiences a slight decrease. The presence of anchorage defect results in an increase in the wave velocity and amplitude ratio of the anchor rods, while causing a decrease in the fundamental frequency. This effect of defects on wave velocity and fundamental frequency is more pronounced at lower loads. The wave velocity after IIR-FDM processing has a small error with the simulated wave velocity, indicating the reliability of the processing method.