bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and surface activity of novel amino acid surfactants
Authors: Zhao Wenhui , Cheng Yuqiao , Lu Shuang , Zhao Yue , Zhang Zhiting 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmino acid surfactants (AASs) based on environmentally friendly biomasses have the characteristics of renewable, easy biodegradation, antibacterial and low toxicity, and have been widely used in daily chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other fields. This study concerned the use of octanal and amino acids as raw materials. In addition, seven types of amino acid‐based surfactants, through Collins reagents, Wittig‐Hornor reaction, and aza‐Micheal addition reaction, and amino acid head groups were connected with the alkyl chain by the CN bond. The structures were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HNMR). Its surface activity and adsorption properties are evaluated. The physical properties of amino acid‐based surfactants were tested by surface tension and dynamic contact angle. The results demonstrated that histidine‐based amino acid surfactant (C8His) has the lowest critical micelle concentration (CMC) and surface tension at CMC (γCMC), 0.39 mmol L−1 and 28.79 mN L−1, respectively. Amino acid residues contribute to reducing the critical micelle concentration of surfactant. The interfacial adsorption of glycine‐based amino acid surfactant (C8Gly) significantly improved with the increase in temperature, so the surface tension decreased significantly. In addition, sodium chloride could effectively enhance the interfacial adsorption, and the gas–liquid interfacial tension and contact angle of AASs decrease.
Evidence for a male bias in Atlantic blue crab pot-based sampling
Authors: Brunson Jeff F. , Sitta Kimberly A. , Kingsley-Smith Peter R. , Kendrick Michael R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
The Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus (hereafter, “blue crab”) is an ecologically and economically important species that supports one of the highest valued commercial fisheries in coastal South Carolina, USA. Researchers at the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources conduct multiple surveys to monitor the status of the blue crab by using a variety of gear configurations. Demographic characterizations can often be influenced by sampling gear-related biases.

Methods
We compared blue crab sex ratios between passive, pot-based sampling and active, trawl-based sampling in the fall across three estuaries and for year-round sampling in a single estuary (Ashley River, South Carolina).

Result
During the fall, there was a difference of 20.1% between the percentage of males collected in pot-based sampling (73.5%) and the percentage of males in trawl-based sampling (53.4%). Furthermore, an overall male bias of 23.0% was observed for year-round sampling in the Ashley River; however, this bias was only significant in certain months.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that although particular sampling gears may have specific advantages, such as greater suitability to effectively sample certain habitats, the resulting characterizations of blue crab population demographics can differ among gear types. Recognizing gear-related biases is important for ensuring that field surveys are representative of population demographics, particularly when sex-specific modeling approaches are used as part of stock assessments to determine population status.
Rheology‐cell structure correlation for foam processing of polypropylene‐titanium dioxide and polypropylene‐graphene nanocomposites
Authors: Prakash Mayank , Ghosh Anup Kumar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis work focuses on understanding the effects of nanoparticle fillers (titanium dioxide (TiO2) and graphene) on foam processing of polypropylene(PP) and makes an attempt to establish a rheology‐cell size correlation for PP‐TiO2 and PP‐graphene nanocomposite foams. The establishment of such a correlation can help develop a precise model to predict optimum nanoparticle concentration in a polymer matrix to produce stable microcellular foams. The effects of adding TiO2 and graphene nanoparticles on nanocomposite properties are studied through their thermal, mechanical, and rheological analysis. The nanocomposite/PP foams are prepared at various conditions, and their morphology and density are studied to obtain an understanding of the cell structure as a function of added nanoparticles. The optimized size/structure has also been correlated in terms of rheological and mechanical properties of the prepared nanocomposites to study the effects of variation in rheological properties on the resultant cell structure of prepared foams. Through the current work it was found that particle type/size plays the dominant factor in determining the cell size of resultant foam, although when comparing foams with varying filler concentration, it was established that a decrease in viscosity and storage modulus would create more cell stability by decreasing the applied stress and would lead to smaller cells.Highlights
Rheological property variation can directly affect the polymer foamability
Foaming of polymers can be closely simulated using the Maxwell model for polymers
Reduction in viscosity leads to smaller and stable cells during foaming
Stress relaxation rate determines the cell stabilization during expansion
Agglomerate size plays a crucial role in determining cell size
High‐resolution measurements of microphysics and entrainment in marine stratocumulus clouds
Authors: Yeom Jae Min , Szodry Kai‐Erik , Siebert Holger , Ehrlich André , Mellado Juan Pedro , Shaw Raymond A. , Yum Seong Soo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHigh‐resolution measurements from the Airborne Cloud‐Turbulence Observation System (ACTOS) during the Azores Stratocumulus Measurements of Radiation, Turbulence and Aerosols (ACORES) campaign are analysed for an investigation of the vertical profiles of microphysical properties and entrainment velocity (We) in marine stratocumulus clouds. The vertical profiles show the transition from the cloudy layer to free troposphere with nearly linear profiles of total water mixing ratio, liquid water potential temperature and virtual potential temperature, but the thickness of entrainment interfacial layer varies significantly. Sharp transitions of cloud microphysical and optical properties within a single horizontal flight leg are found in one stratocumulus cloud system. They seem to be related to the local environmental conditions, such as the wind shear and turbulent dissipation rate. We values estimated by three methods show consistent tendencies in general and are clearly related to the local environmental conditions, such as vertical shear of the horizontal wind and turbulence intensity. However, the magnitudes of We values differ by up to two orders of magnitude depending on the methods, which suggests that the estimation of We from in situ measurements is still a challenge. Analysis of the microphysical response to entrainment suggests that inhomogeneous mixing occurs dominantly. On the other hand, the analysis results for the clouds under more humid conditions indicate a higher likelihood of homogeneous mixing.
Base Promoted Three‐component Reaction for Efficient Construction of Spiro[indoline‐3,3′‐quinoline]‐2,5′‐dione
Authors: Wu Ping , Xu Feng‐Shun , Sun Jing , Yan Chao‐Guo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA convenient synthetic protocol for the construction of spiro[indoline‐3,3′‐quinoline]‐2,5′‐dione motifs was successfully developed by base promoted one‐pot three‐component reaction. In the presence of piperidine, three‐component reaction of ammonium acetate, aromatic aldehydes and the in situ generated 3‐isatyl 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds, which were derived from base mediated addition of dimedone to 3‐methyleneoxindoles, resulted in two diastereoisomers of spiro[indoline‐3,3′‐quinoline]‐2,5′‐dione derivatives in good yields and with good diastereoselectivity. The stereochemistry of the reaction was clearly elucidated by isolation of two diastereomers and determination of several single crystal structures.
Speicheldrüsenultraschall oder Biopsie?
Authors: Peters J. , Timme-Bronsert S. , Voll R. E. , Finzel S. 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Ultraschall der Speicheldrüsen (SD) ist eine schnell durchführbare und nichtinvasive Methode, Sjögren-Syndrom(SS)-typische Veränderungen der großen SD zu detektieren und semiquantitativ einzuschätzen. Die Differenzialdiagnose des SS ist komplex, da zahlreiche Krankheiten und Therapienebenwirkungen ein dem SS ähnliches klinisches Bild mit Sicca-Syndrom und z. T. Speicheldrüsenveränderungen verursachen können („Nachahmer-Erkrankungen“). Lange Zeit galt daher die SD-Biopsie, besonders bei SS-A-negativen Patienten, als Diagnostik der Wahl, während der Stellenwert der SD-Sonographie auch heute noch kontrovers diskutiert wird.

Ziel der Arbeit
Es erfolgt eine Gegenüberstellung SS-typischer und -untypischer Veränderungen der Speicheldrüsen im Ultraschall und dazugehöriger histologischer Schnitte.

Material und Methoden
Sechs Patientenfälle mit Antikörper-positivem bzw. -negativem SS mit und ohne SS-typischen Ultraschallbefund, SS-assoziiertem Lymphom, Sarkoidose sowie IgG4-assoziierter Erkrankung werden beschrieben. Die Befunde der sonographischen Untersuchung der Parotisdrüsen sowie die dazugehörige Histologie der SD werden erläutert und in Kontext gesetzt.

Ergebnisse
SS-A-Antikörper-positive Patienten mit SS weisen v. a. bei länger bestehender Erkrankung ein typisches sonographisches Muster mit echoarmen Foci auf. Dieses Muster kann die Diagnose eines SS untermauern helfen. Die Ultraschallmuster der Nachahmer-Erkrankungen unterscheiden sich teils deutlich von primäres Sjögren-Syndrom(pSS)-typischen Mustern. Die histologische Untersuchung der SD hilft bei der Diagnosefindung, jedoch bedürfen gerade niedrige histologische Fokus-Scores einer kritischen Zusammenschau der klinischen, serologischen und bildgebenden Befunde.

Diskussion
Sowohl der Speicheldrüsenultraschall als auch die histologische Aufarbeitung der Speicheldrüsenbiopsien haben eine Berechtigung in der SS-Diagnostik und Differenzialdiagnose des Sicca-Syndroms.
Influence of antiresorptive/antiangiogenic therapy on the surgical treatment outcomes of experimentally induced peri-implantitis lesions
Authors: Ramanauskaite Ausra , Krüger Nadine , Obreja Karina , Borchert Fanya , Dahmer Iulia , Schwarz Frank 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the influence of various antiresorptive and antiangiogenic medications on the resolution of experimentally induced peri-implantitis lesions after different surgical treatment approaches.

Materials and methods
Forty-eight albino rats randomly received a dual application of the following medications: (1) amino-bisphosphonate (zoledronate (Zo)) (n = 8), (2) RANKL inhibitor (denosumab (De)) (n = 8), (3) antiangiogenic (bevacizumab (Be)) (n = 8), (4) Zo + Be (n = 8), (5) De + Be (n = 8), or (6) no medication (control (Co)) (n = 8). Ligature-induced peri-implantitis lesions were established at 2 maxillary implants over 16 weeks. Afterward, animals were randomly treated either with open flap debridement (OFD) or reconstructive therapy (RT). Treatment procedures were followed by a 12-week healing period. The histological outcomes included residual defect length (DL); defect width (DW) at the bone crest (BC-DW); 25%, 50%, and 75% of the DL; and areas of inflammatory cell infiltrate (ICT). When present, areas of bone sequester (BS) were assessed considering the animal as a statistical unit.

Results
A total of 21 animals were analyzed (Zo: RT = 3, OFD = 1; De: RT = 3, OFD = 2; Be: OFD = 1; Zo + Be: RT = 2, OFD = 2; Co: RT = 3, OFD = 2). Implant loss rates were comparable among the experimental groups. Except for the 25% and 75% DW values that were significantly higher in the Zo + Be group compared to the Co group (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively), no significant differences were found among the experimental groups for the DL (lowest—Be: 0.56 mm; highest—Co: 1.05 mm), BC-DW (lowest—De: 0.86 mm, highest—Co: 1.07 mm), 50% DW (lowest—De: 0.86 mm; highest—Be + Zo: 1.29 mm), and ICT (lowest—Be: 0.56 mm2; highest—Be + Zo: 1.65 mm2). All groups, except for the Zo and Be following RT, showed presence of BS.

Conclusions
The present findings did not reveal a marked effect of various antiresorptive/antiangiogenic medications on the resolution of experimentally induced peri-implantitis lesions, regardless of the surgical approach employed (OFD and RT).

Clinical relevance
Resolution of peri-implantitis lesions may not be affected by the investigated antiresorptive/antiangiogenic medications.
Comprehensive kinetostatic modeling and morphology characterization of cable-driven continuum robots for in-situ aero-engine maintenance
Authors: Yang Zheshuai , Yang Laihao , Sun Yu , Chen Xuefeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn-situ maintenance is of great significance for improving the efficiency and ensuring the safety of aeroengines. The cable-driven continuum robot (CDCR) with twin-pivot compliant mechanisms, which is enabled with flexible deformation capability and confined space accessibility, has emerged as a novel tool that aims to promote the development of intelligence and efficiency for in-situ aero-engine maintenance. The high-fidelity model that describes the kinematic and morphology of CDCR lays the foundation for the accurate operation and control for in-situ maintenance. However, this model was not well addressed in previous literature. In this study, a general kinetostatic modeling and morphology characterization methodology that comprehensively contains the effects of cable-hole friction, gravity, and payloads is proposed for the CDCR with twin-pivot compliant mechanisms. First, a novel cable-hole friction model with the variable friction coefficient and adaptive friction direction criterion is proposed through structure optimization and kinematic parameter analysis. Second, the cable-hole friction, all-component gravities, deflection-induced center-of-gravity shift of compliant joints, and payloads are all considered to deduce a comprehensive kinetostatic model enabled with the capacity of accurate morphology characterization for CDCR. Finally, a compact continuum robot system is integrated to experimentally validate the proposed kinetostatic model and the concept of in-situ aero-engine maintenance. Results indicate that the proposed model precisely predicts the morphology of CDCR and outperforms conventional models. The compact continuum robot system could be considered a novel solution to perform in-situ maintenance tasks of aero-engines in an invasive manner.
Geographies of Public Deliberation: A Closer Look at the Ingredient of Space
Authors: Awuh Harrison Esam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSince its inception, public deliberation has been largely seen as an effective tool of inclusion and transformation within democratic politics. However, this article argues that public deliberation is not necessarily inclusive and transformative. These aspirations can only be achieved if certain conditions are met. The qualitative analyses drawn upon in this public deliberation study included virtual and face-to-face conversations between participants (N = 70) about opinions on eating together. The article examines factors that can impede food system transformation initiatives. This can be particularly problematic in low- and middle-income countries because corruptibility can reduce the stringency of food system transformation policy. This study was conducted with participants from the Dutch cities of Almere and Amsterdam. The article argues that public deliberation can be truly transformative when (1) it is institutionally sanctioned, and (2) participants in the deliberation are given more time to make their arguments and reconsider these arguments in light of what others have to say.
Update on the Obesity Epidemic: After the Sudden Rise, Is the Upward Trajectory Beginning to Flatten?
Authors: Koliaki Chrysi , Dalamaga Maria , Liatis Stavros 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To provide an update on current obesity prevalence trends and summarize the available evidence suggesting a possible plateau or stabilization in obesity rates after the previous sudden global rise.

Recent Findings
The escalating global obesity epidemic represents one of the most serious public health challenges. There have been some indications that in high-income populations, the rate of obesity increase in adults has been stabilized after the decade 2000–2010, suggesting a possible plateau. Current evidence also suggests that obesity rates have been stabilized in children and adolescents of most economically advanced countries since 2000, which is possibly related to healthier dietary habits and increased levels of physical activity. On the other hand, there is a steady uninterrupted rise in low-income nations, and the universal trend is obesity escalation rather than slowdown, mainly driven by sharp increases in the obesity prevalence of low-income populations. Furthermore, an increasing number of high- and middle-income countries are currently experiencing an epidemic of severe obesity. In high-income populations, severe obesity is expected to double its prevalence from 10 to 20% between 2020 and 2035, posing an enormous threat for healthcare systems. Even if transiently stabilized, the obesity prevalence remains globally at unacceptably high levels, and there is no guarantee that the current stability (if any) will be maintained for long.

Summary
In this review, we explore the underlying drivers of the global obesity epidemic; we provide possible explanations for the reported slowdown of the obesity rates in some countries; and we overall take a critical perspective on the obesity plateau hypothesis, emphasizing the urgent need for immediate effective actions at population and regional level in order to halt the alarming obesity escalation and its serious health risks.
Europe’s political constitution
Authors: Somek Alexander , Paar Elisabeth 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPluralism is a defining feature of European human rights law and of the European constitution. Contestability and conditional deference determine how participating states eventually calibrate their relation to international and supranational authority. This structure gives rise to differences of opinion that reverberate throughout a public sphere that is composed of a growing number of scholars. They increasingly rely on digital media to exchange their ideas. A major role has come to be played by blogs such as the Verfassungsblog. Since its inception, its focus has rested on defending the values of constitutionalism vis-à-vis ‘backsliding’ Member States. The constitutional culture that results from this is somewhat reminiscent of Germany during the period of the Weimar Republic (1919–1933). While the rise of authoritarianism is a major issue, public law scholarship appears to become increasingly partisan. As European constitutional law emerges against the backdrop of an expanding public sphere, scholarly interventions are drawn into the vortex of politics. Unsurprisingly, scholarship begins to face up to its politicisation by reflecting on its proper task.
Stochastic differential equation approximations of generative adversarial network training and its long-run behavior
Authors: Cao Haoyang , Guo Xin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper analyzes the training process of generative adversarial networks (GANs) via stochastic differential equations (SDEs). It first establishes SDE approximations for the training of GANs under stochastic gradient algorithms, with precise error bound analysis. It then describes the long-run behavior of GAN training via the invariant measures of its SDE approximations under proper conditions. This work builds a theoretical foundation for GAN training and provides analytical tools to study its evolution and stability.
CHRONOLOGY OF THE VOLCHIA GRIVA MEGAFAUNAL LOCALITY AND PALEOLITHIC SITE (WESTERN SIBERIA) AND THE ISSUE OF HUMAN OCCUPATION OF SIBERIA AT THE LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM
Authors: Kuzmin Yaroslav V , Leshchinskiy Sergey V , Zenin Vasily N , Burkanova Elena M , Zazovskaya Elya P , Samandrosova Aleksandra S 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTA summary of the chronology for the key paleontological and archaeological site of Volchia Griva in the southern part of the West Siberian Plain is presented. Currently, 42 reliable 14C values have been generated on animal bones (37 14C dates) and charcoal (5 14C dates). Three stratigraphic levels of animal bones are established. The 14C ages of the fossils are as follows: the upper level—ca. 10,620–12,520 BP; the middle level—ca. 13,700–17,800 BP; and the lower level—ca. 18,230–19,790 BP. The majority of animal fossils and artifacts are associated with the lower level. Based on the results obtained, we suggest that Upper Paleolithic people occupied the Volchia Griva site during the second part of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), ca. 18,200–19,800 BP, and perhaps occasionally afterwards. It is obvious that these humans were well adapted to the cold and dry climate of the LGM, as well as numerous other populations in Siberia south of 58°N. It is noteworthy that the youngest 14C values on woolly mammoth are of ca. 10,620–11,815 BP, and this makes the Volchia Griva one of the latest mammoth refugia in northern Eurasia outside of the Arctic.
Do you see the pattern? Make the most of sensor data in dairy cows
Authors: Kok Akke , Ternman Emma , Thorup Vivi M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSensors are increasingly being used to monitor animal behaviour. Data handling methods have, however, lagged behind the continuous data stream to some extent, often being limited to summarizing data into daily averages at group level. This research reflection presents our opinion of the neglected application of 24-h pattern analysis. Recent studies of dairy cow behaviour have demonstrated that additional ways of analysing data improve our understanding of animal behaviour and add value to data that were already retrieved. The terminology for the described 24-h patterns differs between these studies, making them difficult to compare. Thus, diurnal, circadian, daily, periodicity and 24-h pattern are all terms used to describe dairy cow activities over a 24-h period. Several studies have shown that the 24-h behavioural pattern at herd level is relatively consistent over time, and that with well-established management routines, a specific herd signature will be evident. However, within a herd, individual cows may have individual 24-h patterns with more or less variability. Recent studies suggest that deviations from herd and/or individual 24-h patterns can be used to describe cow robustness, as well as to predict disease. We strongly believe that individual and herd 24-h patterns provide a great deal of information about behaviour and that these patterns offer opportunity for more precise and timely health management and welfare monitoring.