bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombinant human erythropoietin therapy in critically ill patients: a dose-response study [ISRCTN48523317]
Authors: Georgopoulos Dimitris , Matamis Dimitris , Routsi Christina , Michalopoulos Argiris , Maggina Nina , Dimopoulos George , Zakynthinos Epaminondas , Nakos George , Thomopoulos George , Mandragos Kostas , Maniatis Alice ,   the Critical Care Clinical Trials Greek Group
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of two dosing schedules of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) in increasing haematocrit (Hct) and haemoglobin (Hb) and reducing exposure to allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in critically ill patients.

Method
This was a prospective, randomized, multicentre trial. A total of 13 intensive care units participated, and a total of 148 patients who met eligibility criteria were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to receive intravenous iron saccharate alone (control group), intravenous iron saccharate and subcutaneous rHuEPO 40,000 units once per week (group A), or intravenous iron saccharate and subcutaneous rHuEPO 40,000 units three times per week (group B). rHuEPO was given for a minimum of 2 weeks or until discharge from the intensive care unit or death. The maximum duration of therapy was 3 weeks.

Results
The cumulative number of RBC units transfused, the average numbers of RBC units transfused per patient and per transfused patient, the average volume of RBCs transfused per day, and the percentage of transfused patients were significantly higher in the control group than in groups A and B. No significant difference was observed between group A and B. The mean increases in Hct and Hb from baseline to final measurement were significantly greater in group B than in the control group. The mean increase in Hct was significantly greater in group B than in group A. The mean increase in Hct in group A was significantly greater than that in control individuals, whereas the mean increase in Hb did not differ significantly between the control group and group A.

Conclusion
Administration of rHuEPO to critically ill patients significantly reduced the need for RBC transfusion. The magnitude of the reduction did not differ between the two dosing schedules, although there was a dose response for Hct and Hb to rHuEPO in these patients.
Joachim Kohn (1912–1987) and the Origin of Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis
Authors: Rocco Richard M 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The year 2006 marks the 50th anniversary of the discovery of cellulose acetate (CA) electrophoresis by Joachim Kohn, a pathologist at Queen Mary’s Hospital in Roehampton, London. During a career in pathology that began in 1950 and spanned 37 years, Kohn published more than 50 papers in clinical laboratory medicine. He was the first to report the use of CA microbiology filters as solid supports for zone electrophoresis and the separation of hemoglobin phenotypes on CA membranes. Kohn also invented a new electrophoresis chamber and an 8-position stamp applicator especially for use with CA membranes. Beginning in 1957, Kohn pioneered the development of CA techniques for immunoelectrophoresis, counter immunoelectrophoresis, radial immunodiffusion, protein blotting, and immunofixation. He also designed a transport dressing for burn patients and was the first person to describe the use of an enzyme-based dipstick for measuring fingerstick blood glucose concentrations. This short review highlights Kohn’s discovery of CA electrophoresis and his contributions to the development of this procedure.
Process intensification in a trickle‐bed reactor: Experimental studies
Authors: Dhiman S. K. , Verma Vishal , Rao D. P. , Rao M. S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractProcess intensification has been the focus of increasing attention in recent years. A volume reduction of distillation and absorption units by a factor of 100 or more using rotating beds has been claimed. Industrial trickle‐bed reactors are bulky because the liquid flow and interphase transport of the reacting species are governed by the earth's gravity, as in the case of distillation columns. To explore the possible process intensification in these reactors, we have measured the reaction rates of hydrogenation of α‐methyl styrene with palladium as catalyst in the rotating beds of spherical particles and metal foam, which acted as catalyst support. To quantify the intensification achieved, the reaction rates were compared with those of conventional trickle beds. The enhancement in the reaction rates was in the range of 30–40 times in a centrifugal force field of about 450 times the gravitational force field. An industrial reactor of 60 m3 could be replaced with a rotating bed < 1.5 m3 in volume. It appears that there is a possibility of further process intensification. However, the volume reduction is possible only for mass‐transfer limited reactions. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Variation in IRF6 contributes to nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate
Authors: Blanton Susan H. , Cortez Amy , Stal Samuel , Mulliken John B. , Finnell Richard H. , Hecht Jacqueline T. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractNonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP) is a common craniofacial birth defect which results in lifelong medical and social consequences. While there have been a number of attempts to identify the genes responsible for this disorder, the results have not been consistent among populations and no single gene has been identified as playing a major susceptibility role. Van der Woude syndrome, a disorder characterized by lower‐lip pits with or without cleft lip/palate, results in many cases from mutations in the interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene. Recently, Zucchero et al. [2004: N Engl J Med 351:769–780] detected an association between SNPs in IRF6 and NSCLP in a number of different populations. A subsequent study by Scapoli et al. [2005: Am J Hum Genet 76:180–183] confirmed this association in an Italian population. We examined the same SNPs as Scapoli et al. [2005] in our large, well‐characterized sample of NSCLP families and trios, and also detected an altered transmission of IRF6 alleles. This additional confirmation further strengthens the IRF6 association and suggests that IRF6 plays a role in NSCLP susceptibility. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new case of 2q duplication supports either a locus for orofacial clefting between markers D2S1897 and D2S2023 or a locus for cleft palate only on chromosome 2q13‐q21
Authors: Õunap Katrin , Ilus Tiiu , Laidre Piret , Uibo Oivi , Tammur Pille , Bartsch Oliver 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe report on a pure duplication of the proximal chromosome 2q in a 6.5‐year‐old boy with V‐shaped midline cleft palate and bifid uvula, posteriorly located tongue, and micrognathia (Pierre Robin sequence), celiac disease, failure to thrive, and developmental delay. Cytogenetic and FISH analysis indicated a duplication of chromosome 2q13‐q22. In general, pure proximal duplication or triplication of 2q is rare. The clinical features and chromosomal breakpoints of the 10 previously reported patients varied, and no common phenotype or proximal duplication/triplication 2q syndrome could be defined to date. However, based on four previous patients with different orofacial clefts and our case, a locus for orofacial clefting may be located at proximal 2q. The duplication/triplication comprised chromosome 2q13 in all five affected individuals including our patient. Our patient and three previous cases (two with cleft palate only (CPO) and one with cleft lip/palate (CL/P)) showed a cytogenetic breakpoint at 2q13, which could support the presence of a critical dominant gene disrupted by a common breakpoint, however, the fifth case with CPO showed different breakpoints, advocating against the disruption of a critical dominant gene and supporting that the overexpression of a gene(s) on chromosome 2q13‐q21 may cause cleft palate only (CPO) and Pierre Robin sequence. Hence, our findings support either the presence of one locus for orofacial clefting (CL/P, CPO, and Pierre Robin sequence) between markers D2S1897 (chromosome 2q12.2) and D2S2023 (chromosome 2q14.2), or alternatively the presence of a locus for CPO and Pierre Robin sequence on chromosome 2q13‐q21. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and study of Utah pseudo‐isolate populations—prospects for gene identification
Authors: Cannon‐Albright L.A. , Farnham J.M. , Thomas A. , Camp N.J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIsolate populations of varied types have proven powerful for gene identification for rare Mendelian disorders, and continue to show such promise for more complex phenotypes. Existing isolate populations are limited in the phenotypes available for study, and new population isolates are unlikely to arise. We utilize genealogical data available for the state of Utah, dating back to its European founders, to retrospectively define and examine pseudo‐isolate subpopulations. These pseudo‐isolate populations are defined by selection of a set of “founders” from the genealogical data, and then limitation of “immigration” by censoring of matings and offspring that do not match the isolate population design. A wide variety of pseudo isolate and other study designs are possible by varying the number and type of founders and the extent of immigration allowed. We present several different example Birth‐Country pseudo‐isolate populations defined within the Utah Population Database (UPDB). We utilize linked cancer phenotype data available for the Utah population to show the utility of this pseudo‐isolate approach for identification of more genetically homogeneous prostate cancer pedigrees for predisposition gene identification. In conclusion, we present a unique approach to retrospective “creation” of isolate populations using existing genealogical data. We use the UPDB to exhibit the utility of this approach for the highly heterogeneous Utah population, and suggest the approach is feasible for any population for which high quality genealogy and phenotype data are available. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Altered Specificity in DNA Binding by the lac Repressor: A Mutant lac Headpiece that Mimics the gal Repressor
Authors: Kopke Salinas Roberto , Folkers Gert E. , Bonvin Alexandre M. J. J. , Das Devashish , Boelens Rolf , Kaptein Robert 
Published: August 2005

AbstractRecognition of the lac operator by the lac repressor involves specific interactions between residues in the repressor's recognition helix and bases in the DNA major groove. Tyr17 and Gln18, at positions 1 and 2 in the lac repressor recognition helix, can be exchanged for other amino acids to generate mutant repressors that display altered specificity. We have solved the solution structure of a protein–DNA complex of an altered‐specificity mutant lac headpiece in which Tyr17 and Gln18 were exchanged for valine and alanine, respectively, as found in the recognition helix of the gal repressor. As previously described by Lehming et al. (EMBO J. 1987, 6, 3145–3153), this altered‐specificity mutant of the lac repressor recognizes a variant lac operator that is similar to the gal operator Oe. The mutant lac headpiece showed the predicted specificity and is also able to mimic the gal repressor by recognizing and bending the natural gal operator Oe. These structural data show that, while most of the anchoring points that help the lac headpiece to assemble on the lac operator were preserved, a different network of protein–DNA interactions connecting Ala17 and Val18 to bases in the DNA major groove drives the specificity towards the altered operator.
Domain Reorientation and Induced Fit upon RNA Binding: Solution Structure and Dynamics of Ribosomal Protein L11 from Thermotoga maritima
Authors: Ilin Sergey , Hoskins Aaron , Ohlenschläger Oliver , Jonker Hendrik R. A. , Schwalbe Harald , Wöhnert Jens 
Published: August 2005

AbstractL11, a protein of the large ribosomal subunit, binds to a highly conserved domain of 23S rRNA and mediates ribosomal GTPase activity. Its C‐terminal domain is the main determinant for rRNA binding, whereas its N‐terminal domain plays only a limited role in RNA binding. The N‐terminal domain is thought to be involved in interactions with elongation and release factors as well as with the antibiotics thiostrepton and micrococcin. This report presents the NMR solution structure of the full‐length L11 protein from the thermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima in its free form. The structure is based on a large number of orientational restraints derived from residual dipolar couplings in addition to conventional NOE‐based restraints. The solution structure of L11 demonstrates that, in contrast to many other multidomain RNA‐binding proteins, the relative orientation of the two domains is well defined. This is shown both by heteronuclear 15N‐relaxation and residual dipolar‐coupling data. Comparison of this NMR structure with the X‐ray structure of RNA‐bound L11, reveals that binding not only induces a rigidification of a flexible loop in the C‐terminal domain, but also a sizeable reorientation of the N‐terminal domain. The domain orientation in free L11 shows limited similarity to that of ribosome‐bound L11 in complex with elongation factor, EF‐G.
Regioselective Conversion of the Secondary Hydroxyl Groups of D‐Glucuronic Acid without the Requirement of O‐Protecting Groups
Authors: Ágoston Károly , Geyer Armin 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTrifluoromethanesulfonic acid anhydride (triflic acid anhydride) transforms the bicyclic thiazolidinlactam 1 a into the crystalline elimination product 2, in which all four secondary hydroxyl groups of 1 a are differently functionalized. Compound 2 can then add nucleophiles with high chemo‐ and stereoselectivity. Altogether, the four secondary hydroxyl groups of D‐glucuronic acid are selectively transformed without the need for any O‐protecting groups. Minimizing the number of O‐protecting groups is a prerequisite for the use of sugar scaffolds in molecular libraries. The hapalosin analogues 15, 16, 19, and 22 outline the strategy towards O‐diversified glucose derivatives.
C‐type lectin‐independent interaction of complement opsonized HIV with monocyte‐derived dendritic cells
Authors: Pruenster Monika , Wilflingseder Doris , Bánki Zoltán , Ammann Christoph G. , Muellauer Brigitte , Meyer Martina , Speth Cornelia , Dierich Manfred P. , Stoiber Heribert 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHIV directly activates the complement cascade and is, therefore, opsonized with C3‐cleavage products in vivo. This cloud of C3 fragments on the viral surface may impair the interaction of the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120/gp41 with C‐type lectins expressed on immature dendritic cells (iDC). Therefore, we determined the accessibility of gp120 after opsonization and compared the interaction of DC with non‐opsonized or complement‐opsonized HIV. The recognition of native gp120 was drastically impaired when the virus was covered by complement. Independent of opsonization, similar amounts of HIV bound to DC. The interaction of iDC and the infection of DC‐PBL co‐cultures with non‐opsonized virus was significantly reduced by mannan and antibodies which inhibit the ICAM‐1‐CR3 interaction. The binding of opsonized virus to iDC was reduced by an anti‐CR3‐antibody, which interferes with the binding of C3 fragments, but was not affected by mannan. Complement enhanced the HIV infection of DC and DC‐PBL co‐cultures significantly. Mannan did not inhibit the complement‐dependent enhancement of infection. Thus, non‐opsonized and opsonized HIV interacted with iDC, although the binding mechanisms seemed to differ. As HIV is opsonized in vivo, the C‐type lectin‐independent interaction of opsonized viruses with iDC has to be taken into account.
Human CXCR2 (hCXCR2) takes over functionalities of its murine homolog in hCXCR2 knockin mice
Authors: Mihara Katsuhiro , Smit Martin‐Jan , Krajnc‐Franken Magda , Gossen Jan , Rooseboom Martijn , Dokter Wim 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHuman CXCR2 (hCXCR2) has been implicated in diverse inflammatory diseases. When roles of this receptor studied in animal models are extrapolated into men, large species differences in expression of the receptor and its ligands must be considered. These differences seriously weaken conclusions toward the role of hCXCR2 in the development of human diseases. It furthermore hampers straightforward testing of CXCR2 antagonists, especially when compounds discriminate between human and other species’ receptors. Using gene targeting in embryonic stem cells, a hCXCR2 knockin mouse strain was generated in which endogenous murine CXCR2 (mCXCR2) sequences are replaced by the hCXCR2 gene. Correct targeting and expression on neutrophils were confirmed by Southern blot and immunohistochemical analyses. A phenotypic analysis of the hCXCR2 knockin mice, in comparison to wild‐type and CXCR2 knockout mice, confirmed proper function of the hCXCR2 gene. In vivo migratory responses of neutrophils were intact in hCXCR2 knockin mice. Finally, an experiment with a CXCR2 antagonist demonstrated that the knockin model is indeed useful for in vivo evaluation of low‐molecular weight compounds. In conclusion, our data unequivocally show that hCXCR2 can functionally replace mCXCR2, making this an attractive model to test novel pharmaceuticals designed to antagonize human CXCR2 in vivo.
In vivo control of endosomal architecture by class II‐associated invariant chain and cathepsin S
Authors: Boes Marianne , van der Wel Nicole , Peperzak Victor , Kim You‐me , Peters Peter J. , Ploegh Hidde 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe invariant chain (Ii) is a chaperone that regulates assembly and transport of class II MHC molecules. In the absence of the lysosomal protease cathepsin S (CatS), degradation of Ii is impaired and an Ii remnant that extends from the N terminus to about residue 110 accumulates in class II MHC‐positive endosomal compartments, which are enlarged in size and lack multivesicular morphology. In primary B cells examined in vitro and in lymph nodes examined by immuno‐electron microscopy, CatS controls architecture of class II‐positive endosomal compartments. In a compound mutant mouse that lacks both CatS and Ii, the normal size of endosomes in class II‐positive cells is restored, although internal endosomal membranes are absent. Proper degradation of Ii is thus essential for normal endosomal morphology in antigen‐presenting cells in vivo.
Structures, Photoluminescence and Theoretical Studies of Two ZnII Complexes with Substituted 2‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazoles
Authors: Tong Yi‐Ping , Zheng Shao‐Liang , Chen Xiao‐Ming 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTwo new ZnII complexes of 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (Hpbm), and 5‐amino‐2‐(1H‐benzoimidazol‐2‐yl)phenol (Hapbm), namely [Zn(pbm)2] (1), and [Zn(apbm)2]·C2H5OH·H2O (2), as well as the ligands themselves, have been prepared and characterized by X‐ray crystallography and photoluminescence studies. Both 1 and 2 are neutral, mononuclear molecules that display strong photoluminescence in the blue regionand thus may serve as candidates for blue‐light‐emitting electroluminescent materials. The electronic transitions in the photoluminescent processes have also been investigated by means of time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) energy level and molecular orbitals analyses, which show that their absorption and luminescent properties are ligand‐based. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Adenovirus expressing an NPC1‐GFP fusion gene corrects neuronal and nonneuronal defects associated with Niemann pick type C disease
Authors: Paul C.A. , Reid P.C. , Boegle A.K. , Karten B. , Zhang M. , Jiang Z.‐G. , Franz D. , Lin L. , Chang T.Y. , Vance J.E. , Blanchette‐Mackie J. , Maue R.A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractNiemann Pick type C (NPC) disease is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by abnormal cholesterol metabolism and accumulation in lysosomal and endosomal compartments. Although peripheral organs are affected, the progressive neurodegeneration in the brain is typically most deleterious, leading to dystonia, ataxia, seizures, and premature death. Although the two genes underlying this disorder in humans and mouse models of the disease have been identified (NPC1 in 95% and NPC2/HE1 in 5% of human cases), their cellular roles have not Been fully defined, and there is currently no effective treatment for this disorder. To help address these issues, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus, Ad(NPC1‐GFP), which contains a cDNA encoding a mouse NPC1 protein with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to its C‐terminus. Fluorescence microscopy and cholesterol trafficking assays demonstrate that the GFP‐tagged NPC1 protein is functional and detectable in cells from different species (hamster, mouse, human) and of different types (ovary‐derived cells, fibroblasts, astrocytes, neurons from peripheral and central nervous systems) in vitro. Combined with results from time‐lapse microscopy and in vivo brain injections, our findings suggest that this adenovirus offers advantages for expressing NPC1 and analyzing its cellular localization, movement, functional properties, and beneficial effects in vitro and in vivo. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stable Encapsulation of Active Enzyme by Application of Multilayer Nanofilm Coatings to Alginate Microspheres
Authors: Srivastava Rohit , Brown Jonathan Q. , Zhu Huiguang , McShane Michael J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: In an effort to improve the stability for long‐term biosensor use, layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly was explored as a potential technique to provide a diffusion barrier to encapsulated glucose oxidase inside alginate microspheres (<5 µm), fabricated using an emulsification technique. The total loss of encapsulated enzyme was reduced to less than 25 and 15% with the application of single PAH/PSS and crosslinked PAH/PAA coatings, respectively, in comparison to at least a 45% loss observed with uncoated and PDDA/PSS‐coated microspheres. Furthermore, it was found that enzyme within PAH/PSS‐ and crosslinked PAH/PAA‐coated spheres retained more than 84 and 60% of initial activity, respectively, after three months, whereas uncoated and PDDA/PSS‐coated microspheres retained less than 20%.Emulsification technique for alginate microspheres.magnified imageEmulsification technique for alginate microspheres.
Polymerization of 4‐Methyl‐1,3‐pentadiene with Catalysts Based on Cyclopentadienyl Titanium Chlorides: Effect of anti/syn Isomerism of the Allylic Group on the Chemoselectivity and the Role of Backbiting Coordination in 1,3‐Diene Polymerization
Authors: Cugini Cecilia , Rombolà Ottavio A. , Giarrusso Antonino , Porri Lido , Ricci Giovanni 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: Homopolymerization of 4‐methyl‐1,3‐pentadiene (MP) and copolymerization of 4‐methyl‐1,3‐pentadiene with alkenes (ethylene, 1‐pentene, 4‐methyl‐1‐pentene) were performed to investigate the effect of the so‐called backbiting coordination on the chemoselectivity of 1,3‐diene polymerization. Three homogeneous catalyst systems were used: CpTiCl3‐MAO, Cp2TiCl2‐MAO and Cp2TiCl‐MAO. Backbiting coordination is possible with the first catalyst, but not with the other two. The three catalysts gave similar results, which indicates that backbiting has no effect on the polymerization chemoselectivity, contrary to what has been reported in recent literature. An interpretation is presented for the formation of 1,4 units in MP/alkene copolymers. This interpretation is based on the fact that allyl groups have predominantly a syn configuration in MP homopolymerization, whereas allyl groups of anti configuration are formed in MP/alkene copolymerization. The role of backbiting in diene polymerization is discussed.The effect of anti/syn isomerism on the chemoselectivity in the different polymerizations.imageThe effect of anti/syn isomerism on the chemoselectivity in the different polymerizations.