bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shaykh Google as Ḥāfiẓ al-Aṣr: The Internet, Traditional ʿUlamā’, and Self Learning (2020)*
Authors: Hamdeh Emad 
Published: February 2024

More than any other period, the last hundred years have witnesseda rise in the accessibility of information through books, media,and the internet. This introduced new ways of learning and sharingIslamic knowledge. In this article, I consider how traditionalIslamic knowledge and pedagogical techniques are challenged bythe growing number of lay Muslims participating in religious discussionsthrough print and the internet. I explain why the ʿulamā’perceive self-learning as a threat not only to the ostensibly properunderstanding of religion but also to the redefinition and reinventionof their authority. I observe how print and digital mediacaused a shift away from the necessity of the teacher and facilitatedautodidactic learning and claims to authority. Despite their criticismof self-learning, Traditionalists have embraced the internet inorder to remain relevant and to compete with non-experts.
Writing is inferior to speech. For it is like a picture, which can giveno answer to a question, and has only a deceitful likeness of a livingcreature. It has no power of adaptation, but uses the same words forall. It is not a legitimate son of knowledge, but a bastard, and whenan attack is made upon this bastard neither parent nor anyone elseis there to defend it. —Plato
*This article was first published in the American Journal of Islam and Society 37, no. 1-2 (2020):67-101
Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Cabai Merah Di Desa Kamanga Dua Kecamatan Tompaso Kabupaten Minahasa
Authors: Sumampow Militia Christi , Manginsela Elsje Pauline , Talumingan Celcius 
Published: February 2024

The study aimed to determine the income of red chili farming in Kamanga Dua Village, Tompaso District, Minahasa Regency. The research was conducted in August 2023. This research uses 2 types of data, namely primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from direct interviews using a list of questions as a tool in data collection. Secondary data were obtained from literature related to the research. Sampling in this study used purposive sampling technique. The number of research samples was 5 farmers as respondents. The results of the study were analyzed using farm analysis, namely cost analysis, revenue, income and continued with the Revenue Cost Ratio. The results of this study indicate that the average income obtained in red chili farming in Kamanga Dua Village, Tompaso District, Minahasa Regency is IDR 44,039,222 per one growing season obtained from the average receipt of IDR 65,798,000 and the average total cost of IDR 21,758,778. The income obtained from red chili farming in one month amounted to Rp14,679,741 which was obtained from the income divided by three months of harvest. The R/C Ratio analysis shows that red chili farming in Kamanga Dua Village, Tompaso District, Minahasa Regency is feasible. This is seen from the ratio of total income to total costs which is> 1, namely 3.02.
Analisis Ketersediaan Dan Kebutuhan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) Di Kawasan Perkotaan Kecamatan Pattallassang Kabupaten Takalar
Authors: Ramadan Awal , Aksa Kamran , Yahya Ilham 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. This study aims to find out what are the factors that cause the development of the Tondok Bakaru Tourism Village in Mamasa Regency and what are the strategies for developing the Tondok Bakaru Tourism Village in the Regency. Mamasa was then analyzed using multiple linear regression tests and SWOT analysis. From the results of multiple regression analysis, the factors that cause the undeveloped Tondok Bakaru Tourism Village are accessibility, and human resources (HR), and the development strategy for the Tondok Bakaru Tourism Village, mamasa district with the SWOT analysis approach, namely strategies for increasing and developing tourist attractions, empowerment strategies human resources (HR), Strategy for making tour packages (nature, culture, education), Strategy for improving and monitoring facilities and infrastructure, Strategy for increasing and improving accessibility.

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa faktor- faktor yang menyebabkan belum berkembangnya Desa Wisata Tondok Bakaru Kabupaten Mamasa dan bagaimana strategi pengembangan Desa Wisata Tondok Bakaru Kabupaten. Mamasa selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi linear berganda dan analisis SWOT. Dari hasil analisis regresi berganda faktor- faktor yang menyebabkan belum berkembangnya Desa Wisata Tondok Bakaru adalah aksesibilitas,dan sumber daya manusia (SDM) dan Strategi pengembangan Desa Wisata Tondok Bakaru kabupaten mamasa dengan pendekatan analisis SWOT yaitu Strategi peningkatan dan pengembangan daya tarik wisata, Strategi pemberdayaan sumber daya manusia (SDM) , Strategi pembuatan paket wisata (alam, budaya, edukasi), Strategi peningkatan dan pengawasan sarana dan prasarana, Strategi peningkatan dan perbaikan aksesibilitas.
Hubungan Salat Tahajud terhadap Kecerdasan Spiritual
Authors: Azis Abdul 
Published: February 2024

Kecerdasan spiritual adalah kecerdasan untuk menempatkan perilaku dan hidup manusia dalam konteks makna yang lebih luas, sehingga kecerdasan ini dapat digunakan untuk menilai jalan hidup seseorang lebih baik dari sebelumnya. Dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual sangat diperlukan keimanan, kecintaan dan hubungannya dengan Allah SWT salah satunya, yaitu melaksanakan salat tahajud. Salat tahajud merupakan pendekatan diri kepada Allah SWT. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan salat tahajud, kecerdasan spiritual dan hubungan salat tahajud dengan kecerdasan spiritual Mahasiswa Fakultas Dakwah dan Humaniora di Institut Agama Islam Sultan Muhammad Syafiuddin Sambas Tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis korelasi product moment. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket yang disebarkan dan diisi melalui google forms oleh mahasiswa yang menjadi responden, dan data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan rumus korelasi yang dianalisis dengan bantuan software IBM SPSS statistics 23. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 82 mahasiswa IAIS Sambas yang menjadi responden, pelaksanaan salat tahajud terdapat hasil koefisien alpha salat tahajud sebesar 0.979 yang berarti mempunyai nilai interpretasi sangat tinggi, kecerdasan spiritual mempunyai koefisien 0.937 yang berarti juga mempunyai nilai interpretasi sangat tinggi dan hubungan antara pelaksanaan salat tahajud dengan kecerdasan spiritual memiliki korelasi 0,961 yaitu, sangat tinggi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa angka korelasi antara pelaksanaan salat tahajud dengan kecerdasan spiritual mahasiswa sebesar 0,961 dengan signifikansi 0,000. Artinya kedua variabel tersebut memiliki hubungan atau korelasi.
CONDITIONS FOR GRAPHS ON <i>n</i> VERTICES WITH THE SUM OF DEGREES OF ANY TWO NONADJACENT VERTICES EQUAL TO<i> n-2</i> TO BE A HAMILTONIAN GRAPH
Authors: Do Nhu An , Nguyen Quang Tuan 
Published: February 2024

Let G be an undirected simple graph on \(n \geq 3\) vertices with the degree sum of any two nonadjacent vertices in G equal to \(n - 2\). We determine the condition for G to be a Hamiltonian graph.
Spatial transfer of object-based statistical learning
Authors: van Moorselaar Dirk , Theeuwes Jan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA large number of recent studies have demonstrated that efficient attentional selection depends to a large extent on the ability to extract regularities present in the environment. Through statistical learning, attentional selection is facilitated by directing attention to locations in space that were relevant in the past while suppressing locations that previously were distracting. The current study shows that we are not only able to learn to prioritize locations in space but also locations within objects independent of space. Participants learned that within a specific object, particular locations within the object were more likely to contain relevant information than other locations. The current results show that this learned prioritization was bound to the object as the learned bias to prioritize a specific location within the object stayed in place even when the object moved to a completely different location in space. We conclude that in addition to spatial attention prioritization of locations in space, it is also possible to learn to prioritize relevant locations within specific objects. The current findings have implications for the inferred spatial priority map of attentional weights as this map cannot be strictly retinotopically organized.
Opening new vistas on obsessive-compulsive disorder with the observing response task
Authors: Pickenhan Luise , Milton Amy L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a highly prevalent and debilitating disorder, is incompletely understood in terms of underpinning behavioural, psychological, and neural mechanisms. This is attributable to high symptomatic heterogeneity; cardinal features comprise obsessions and compulsions, including clinical subcategories. While obsessive and intrusive thoughts are arguably unique to humans, dysfunctional behaviours analogous to those seen in clinical OCD have been examined in nonhuman animals. Genetic, ethological, pharmacological, and neurobehavioural approaches all contribute to understanding the emergence and persistence of compulsive behaviour. One behaviour of particular interest is maladaptive checking, whereby human patients excessively perform checking rituals despite these serving no purpose. Dysfunctional and excessive checking is the most common symptom associated with OCD and can be readily operationalised in rodents. This review considers animal models of OCD, the neural circuitries associated with impairments in habit-based and goal-directed behaviour, and how these may link to the compulsions observed in OCD. We further review the Observing Response Task (ORT), an appetitive instrumental learning procedure that distinguishes between functional and dysfunctional checking, with translational application in humans and rodents. By shedding light on the psychological and neural bases of compulsive-like checking, the ORT has potential to offer translational insights into the underlying mechanisms of OCD, in addition to being a platform for testing psychological and neurochemical treatment approaches.
Can templates-for-rejection suppress real-world affective objects in visual search?
Authors: Brown Chris R. H. , Derakshan Nazanin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrevious evidence has suggested that feature-based templates-for-rejection can be maintained in working memory to suppress matching features in the environment. Currently, this effect has only been demonstrated using abstract neutral shapes, meaning that it is unclear whether this generalizes to real-world images, including aversive stimuli. In the current investigation, participants searched amongst an array of real-world objects for a target, after being precued with either a distractor template, target template, or a no template baseline. In Experiment 1, where both distractor and target template cues were presented randomly on a trial-by-trial basis, there was moderate evidence of increased capture by aversive distractors after the distractor template cue. In Experiment 2a, however, when distractor templates were the only available cue and more time was given to encode the cue features, there was moderate evidence of effective distractor inhibition for real-world aversive and neutral stimuli. In Experiment 2b, when the task required a slower more effortful comparison of target features to stereotypical object representations, there was weaker evidence of inhibition, though there was still modest evidence suggesting effective inhibition of aversive distractors. A Bayesian meta-analysis revealed that across Experiment 2, aversive distractors showed strong cumulative evidence of effective inhibition, but inconsistent inhibition for neutral distractors. The results are interpreted from a rational search behaviour framework, which suggests that individuals utilize informative cues when they enable the most beneficial strategy and are accessible, and apply these to distractors when they cause sufficient disruption, either to search speed or emotional state.
Financiamiento Sostenible en Ecuador Año 2023 Un Análisis desde la Taxonomía Verde
Authors: Enríquez Prado Kevin Felipe , Aldana Cruz Cristian Andrés , Abril Buenaño Nelly Carolina , Pesantez Huanga Celia Marisol , Aguas Ortiz María Cristina 
Published: February 2024

El financiamiento sostenible del Ecuador ha progresado en los últimos años, el país tiene un largo camino por recorrer para lograr financiar la mitigación del daño climático actual y los objetivos planteados en la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (COP21), esta investigación tiene el propósito de esclarecer el estado actual del financiamiento sostenible del país tomando la base del modelo de taxonomía verde de Colombia y la Unión Europea como herramienta para lograrlo, se usa una metodología documental para comparar los esfuerzos del Ecuador y el camino a seguir para llegar a un financiamiento sostenible que aborde el cambio climático y sus impactos negativos , logrando establecer medidas que el Ecuador, sus empresarios, líderes y gobernantes deben asumir para contribuir a combatir el cambio climático y acelerar e intensificar las acciones e inversiones necesarias para un futuro sostenible con bajas emisiones de carbono pactado en el acuerdo histórico de París.
Prevalencia de Colecistitis Crónica Litiásica y Factores Predisponentes en Mujeres de 40 a 50 Años de Edad
Authors: Hernández Villagómez María Eugenia , Ramírez Carrillo Luis Alberto , Alonso Reyes Teresa , Guido Toledo Nancy Yajaira 
Published: February 2024

La colecistitis crónica litiásica es un motivo frecuente de consulta en el primer nivel de atención médica, presentándose con mayor frecuencia en el sexo femenino debido a su relación con los estrógenos y en mayores de 40 años de edad, relacionándose con factores de riesgo como obesidad, hepatopatía, dislipidemia, sedentarismo, embarazo, uso de hormonas de reemplazo y anticonceptivos orales. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la prevalencia y los factores predisponentes de colecistitis crónica litiásica en mujeres de 40 a 50 años, realizándose un estudio observacional, transversal, prospectivo y descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo y diseño transversal, aplicándose una encuesta sobre factores de riesgo predisponentes y realizando ultrasonido de hígado y vías biliares, obteniéndose una prevalencia de litiasis vesicular de 79 pacientes, equivalentes al 31.6% y los factores de riesgo predisponentes que predominaron fueron el antecedente de embarazo (30.8%), horario inadecuado de alimentos (21.6%), sedentarismo (18.8%) y la obesidad (16.8%). Se determinó una prevalencia de colecistitis crónica litiásica mayor a la proporción esperada (20.4%), por lo tanto, es primordial hacer énfasis en el cambio del estilo de vida y actuar sobre los factores de riesgo modificables, mejorando el horario de los alimentos, evitar el sedentarismo y la obesidad, encaminado a la prevención como nuestro principal actuar.
Using election registration data to measure migration trends in South Africa
Authors: Maritz Johan , Kok Pieter 
Published: February 2024

Migration is critical for policy agendas and government planning as it changes the demographic composition of towns, cities and regions – this requires adjustments to service and infrastructure provision. To develop suitable policy responses, reliable, comparable and timely information is required. Obvious sources of migration data are the national census and household and labour surveys. Socio-economic data have not dealt well with migration. A recent CSIR research project, Spatial and Temporal Evidence for Planning in South Africa1 (StepSA), explored the use of voter registration information as an alternative source of migration data. Anonymised voter registration data were provided by the Independent Electoral Commission of South Africa for several consecutive elections covering a 12-year period. The data, once spatialised (and related to a single set of voting districts), could then be processed to extract movement trends between different election periods. This article describes the process applied and the initial analyses conducted.
The Directional Isotropy of LIGO–Virgo Binaries
Authors: Isi Maximiliano , Farr Will M. , Varma Vijay 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate how to constrain the degree of absolute alignment of the total angular momenta of LIGO–Virgo binary black holes, looking for a special direction in space that would break isotropy. We also allow for inhomogeneities in the distribution of black holes over the sky. Making use of dipolar models for the spatial distribution and orientation of the sources, we analyze 57 signals with false-alarm rates ≤1 yr−1 from the third LIGO–Virgo observing run. Accounting for selection biases, we find the population of LIGO–Virgo black holes to be consistent with both homogeneity and isotropy. We additionally find the data to constrain some directions of alignment more than others, discuss the interpretation of this measurement, and produce posteriors for the directions of total angular momentum of all binaries in our set. While our current constraints are weak, the fact that such a small number of detections can already yield a measurement suggests that this will be a powerful tool in the future; we explore this prospect with a number of simulated catalogs of varying size. All code and data are made publicly available at https://github.com/maxisi/gwisotropy/.
A Deep uGMRT View of the Ultra-steep Spectrum Radio Halo in A521
Authors: Santra R. , Kale R. , Giacintucci S. , Markevitch M. , De Luca F. , Bourdin H. , Venturi T. , Dallacasa D. , Cassano R. , Brunetti G. , Buch K. D. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present the first detailed analysis of the ultra-steep spectrum radio halo in the merging galaxy cluster A521, based on upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio telescope observations. The combination of radio observations (300–850 MHz) and archival X-ray data provides a new window into the complex physics occurring in this system. When compared to all previous analyses, our sensitive radio images detected the centrally located radio halo emission to a greater extent of ∼1.3 Mpc. A faint extension of the southeastern radio relic has been discovered. We detected another relic, recently discovered by MeerKAT, and coincident with a possible shock front in the X-rays, at the northwest position of the center. We find that the integrated spectrum of the radio halo is well-fitted with a spectral index of −1.86 ± 0.12. A spatially resolved spectral index map revealed the spectral index fluctuations, as well as an outward radial steepening of the average spectral index. The radio and X-ray surface brightness is well correlated for the entire and different subparts of the halo, with sublinear correlation slopes (0.50–0.65). We also found a mild anticorrelation between the spectral index and X-ray surface brightness. Newly detected extensions of the SE relic and the counter relic are consistent with the merger in the plane of the sky.
On the General Mechanism for the Gas-phase Reaction of Methanimine with a Radical Species in the Interstellar Medium: Some Failures and an Important Success
Authors: Ye Hexu , Alessandrini Silvia , Puzzarini Cristina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The gas-phase reactions of methanimine (CH2NH) with small radicals, such as CN, CP, CCH, and OH, have been extensively studied theoretically in the literature, and the presence of a common, general reaction mechanism has been postulated. Since methanimine is considered the main precursor of complex imines in the interstellar medium (ISM), the present study extends the investigation of its reaction with other small radicals that have already been detected in the ISM. These are SiN, SH, NO, NS, HCO, HCS, and C3N. The corresponding products are easily formulated on the basis of the aforementioned general mechanism, and to understand whether they can be formed in the ISM, a preliminary thermochemical study has been carried out. The only exothermic addition reaction is that occurring between CH2NH and the C3N radical. This reaction has been further investigated in order to accurately characterize its reactive potential energy surface, which has then been employed in ab initio transition state theory calculations to derive global rate coefficients. The products of the CH2NH + C3N reaction are new potential interstellar species, namely, the Z and E isomers of HNCHCCCN and CH2NCCCN. For the first time, their structural characterization has been reported. In addition, this work investigates the possibility of H-abstraction processes for each radical species considered, and re-examines the CH2NH + CP reaction to derive the corresponding rate constants, that were still missing in the literature.
Mid-infrared Variability of Young Stellar Objects on Timescales of Days to Years
Authors: Lee Sieun , Lee Jeong-Eun , Contreras Peña Carlos , Johnstone Doug , Herczeg Gregory , Lee Seonjae 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Variability in the brightness of young stellar objects (YSOs) is a common phenomenon that can be caused by changes in various factors, including accretion, extinction, disk morphology, interactions between the disk and the stellar photosphere, and the rotation of hot or cold magnetic spots on the stellar photosphere. Analyzing the variability on different timescales provides insight into the mechanisms driving the changes in the brightness of YSOs. We investigate the variability of YSOs on both long and short timescales using two mid-IR data sets: the Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE) 7.5 yr W2 (4.6 μm) data and the YSOVAR 40 day Spitzer/IRAC2 (4.5 μm) data, respectively. We classify the variability types in each timescale following Park et al. We find a higher detection rate of variable sources in the short term (77.6%) compared to the long term (43.0%) due to the higher sensitivity of the Spitzer observations. In addition, the higher cadence of the YSOVAR data results in the weeks-long short-term variability being mostly secular, while the years-long long-term variability explored with the coarsely sampled NEOWISE data is mostly stochastic. By crossmatching the two catalogs, we statistically analyze the variability types exhibited by YSOs across both timescales. The long-term variability amplitude is mostly three times (up to 10 times) greater than the short-term variability. Furthermore, we evaluate variability on very short (1–2 days) timescales and recover a trend of the increasing amplitude of variability as the timescales increase. By comprehensively analyzing the variability of YSOs over various timescales, we contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving their variability.