bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged second stage of labor in delivery using epidural analgesia is a risk factor for postpartum urinary retention
Authors: Miyamoto Keisuke , Komatsu Hiroaki , Nagata Hiroki , Nagira Kei , Motomura Eri , Shimizu Natsuko , Tanaka Ayumi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo determine the postpartum urinary retention rate and risk factors after delivery using epidural analgesia.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective study targeted 341 women who gave birth after at least 37 weeks of gestation from April to August 2021; from this cohort, 208 patients were examined. The postpartum urinary retention rate was compared between the no epidural analgesia group (n = 107) and epidural analgesia group (n = 101). Subsequently, risk factors for postpartum urinary retention were investigated in the epidural analgesia group.ResultsAfter adjustment by propensity score matching for age, body mass index, being primiparous, and labor induction as covariates, the analysis of the incidence of postpartum urinary retention revealed that the epidural analgesia group exhibited a significantly higher postpartum urinary retention rate than the no epidural analgesia group (30% vs. 11%, p = 0.02). The investigation results regarding risk factors for postpartum urinary retention in the epidural analgesia group obtained through a univariate analysis showed that being primiparous and having a prolonged second stage of labor were significantly correlated with postpartum urinary retention. Multivariate analysis indicated that a prolonged second stage of labor was an independent risk factor for postpartum urinary retention (p = 0.03; odds ratio: 3.18; 95% confidence interval: 1.08–9.77). All patients recovered from postpartum urinary retention by day 4.ConclusionsThe postpartum urinary retention rate after delivery using epidural analgesia was 25.7%. In the case of epidural analgesia deliveries, a prolonged second stage of labor was an independent risk factor for postpartum urinary retention.
Evaluating the effect of preoperative interventions on sleep health in the perioperative period: a systematic review
Authors: Sibley Daniel , Sellers Daniel , Randall Ian , Englesakis Marina , Culos‐Reed S. Nicole , Singh Mandeep , Mina Daniel Santa 
Published: December 2023

SummarySurgery and general anaesthesia have deleterious effects on sleep and disrupted perioperative sleep health is a risk factor for poor surgical outcomes. The objective of this systematic review was to summarise preoperative interventions that report sleep outcomes. Studies that delivered an intervention initiated >24 h prior to surgery among an adult sample without a diagnosed sleep disorder were included. Studies were excluded if they were preclinical or were not published in English. MEDLINE, MEDLINE ePubs Ahead of Print and In‐process Citations, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Web of Science were searched on February 2, 2023. This review was reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses and was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (identifier: CRD42021260578). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk‐of Bias 2 tool for randomised trials and the Risk Of Bias In Non‐randomised Studies ‐ of Interventions for non‐randomised trials. Certainty of findings were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. The searching yielded 10,938 total citations, and after screening resulted in 28 randomised and 19 non‐randomised trials (47 total) with 4937 participants. Sleep was a primary outcome in 16 trials; a sleep outcome was significantly improved relative to comparator in 23 trials. This review demonstrates that preoperative sleep is modifiable via a variety of interventions, including pharmacological, non‐pharmacological, and nursing interventions delivered preoperatively or perioperatively. Our results should be considered with caution due to an overall intermediate to high risk of bias in the included trials, and low to very low certainty of evidence. This review supports the modifiability of sleep health among surgical patients and provides the groundwork for preoperative sleep optimisation research.
A trait‐based framework linking the soil metabolome to plant–soil feedbacks
Authors: Delory Benjamin M. , Callaway Ragan M. , Semchenko Marina 
Published: December 2023

SummaryBy modifying the biotic and abiotic properties of the soil, plants create soil legacies that can affect vegetation dynamics through plant–soil feedbacks (PSF). PSF are generally attributed to reciprocal effects of plants and soil biota, but these interactions can also drive changes in the identity, diversity and abundance of soil metabolites, leading to more or less persistent soil chemical legacies whose role in mediating PSF has rarely been considered. These chemical legacies may interact with microbial or nutrient legacies to affect species coexistence. Given the ecological importance of chemical interactions between plants and other organisms, a better understanding of soil chemical legacies is needed in community ecology. In this Viewpoint, we aim to: highlight the importance of belowground chemical interactions for PSF; define and integrate soil chemical legacies into PSF research by clarifying how the soil metabolome can contribute to PSF; discuss how functional traits can help predict these plant–soil interactions; propose an experimental approach to quantify plant responses to the soil solution metabolome; and describe a testable framework relying on root economics and seed dispersal traits to predict how plant species affect the soil metabolome and how they could respond to soil chemical legacies.
The INFORMAS healthy food environment policy index in Brazil: Benchmarking, current policies, and determining priorities for the future
Authors: Recine Elisabetta , de Castro Junior Paulo Cesar Pereira , Sugai Andrea , Gentil Patricia Chaves , Feldenheimer da Silva Ana Carolina 
Published: December 2023

SummaryIntroductionObesity and non‐communicable diseases are the most important cause of death and inability in Brazil and worldwide. Public policies are an important strategy to prevent obesity. This study analysed the scope of Brazilian public policies for preventing and controlling obesity using the INFORMAS/Food‐EPI protocol.MethodsThe public policies evaluation was conducted based on the INFORMAS/Food‐EPI protocol. Experts from academia, civil society, and government assessed the level of implementation of food policies compared with international best practices and proposed new actions to be developed nationally. The protocol consisted of five phases: (1) A comprehensive review of the implementation of food environment‐related public policies; (2) validation with experts; (3) comparison of the national actions with the international best practice and due to the level of implementation; (4) list a set of actions to improve the current policies; and (5) evaluation of the actions due to their importance and achievability.ResultsBrazilian actions were focused on monitoring, leadership, governance, and resources and financing domains.ConclusionThe results will provide elements to support and improve the national policies that aim at the promotion of a healthy food environment and obesity prevention.
The role of pragmatic considerations during mathematical derivation in the applicability of mathematics
Authors: Pérez‐Escobar José Antonio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe conditions involved in the applicability of mathematics in science are the subject of ongoing debates. One of the best‐received approaches is the inferential account, which involves structural mappings and pragmatic considerations in a three‐step model. According to the inferential account, these pragmatic considerations happen in the immersion and interpretation stages, but not during derivation (symbol‐pushing in a mathematical formalism). In this work, I draw inspiration from the later Wittgenstein and make the case that the applicability of mathematics also rests on pragmatic considerations at the mathematical derivation level. I make the further case that pragmatic considerations at the mathematical derivation level may substitute pragmatic considerations in the other two stages, thus showing how they are holistically interrelated. I illustrate these two points with the solution of a simple geometrical problem.
Logratio analysis of components separated from grain‐size distributions and implications for sedimentary processes: An example of bottom surface sediments in a shallow lake
Authors: Yamaguchi Naofumi , Ando Tsuyoshi , Enokida Hirotaka , Nakada Natsumi , Yamaki Syota , Ohta Tohru 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTThe grain‐size distributions of sediments can yield important information about sediment provenance and sedimentary processes; however, grain‐size distributions are frequently polymodal, rendering analyses difficult. To improve analyses of polymodal grain‐size data, the present study decomposed the grain‐size distributions of bottom surface sediments from Lake Kitaura, a shallow lake in Japan, into lognormal distributions and performed logratio analysis of their mixing proportions. The polymodal grain‐size distributions of the studied samples were separated into four common components at most sites. This logratio analysis revealed clear differences in the characteristics of the spatial distributions of the separated grain‐size components. The logratio values indicated that the three finer components were uniformly deposited within the lake, whereas the coarsest component was spatially diverse, reflecting differences in their sources and sedimentary processes. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of decomposition and logratio analysis of polymodal grain‐size distributions for estimating sedimentary processes. This method can be applied to modern sediments and for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions using sediment cores.
Will the centralization of carbon pricing revenue in the European Union lead to laxer climate policy?
Authors: Fuest Clemens , Meier Volker 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe analyze the economic impact of using carbon pricing revenue to fund the European Union (EU) budget. Such a reform would redistribute from countries with above‐average carbon‐intensive production to less‐carbon‐intensive countries. Once the reform is implemented, the low‐carbon countries will prefer a lower carbon price (i.e., laxer climate policy at the EU level) than before the reform, and vice versa. As a result, EU climate policy becomes less ambitious and less disputed, where quantitative impacts presumably remain small. Weaker incentives for national governments to enforce emission taxes after revenue centralization might also contribute to higher emissions.
Effects of different water‐soluble phosphorus on the distribution and utilization of phosphorus in maize in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Tian Yuxin , Liu Dao , Liu Xinghong , Liang Fei , Liu Mengjie , Li Quansheng , Wang Guodong , Liu Peishan , Jia Hongtao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is the main limiting nutrient in agriculture. Most of the P fertilizers applied to the soil remain ineffective because of the weak movement and transfer of P in the soil. Current agricultural production requires large amounts of P fertilizers, leading to the accumulation of residual P in the soil and serious ecological problems. Fixation of P is a vital reason for limited fertilizer effectiveness. Therefore, improving soil P effectiveness is the key to reducing soil P accumulation. This study explored the effects of different water‐soluble P fertilizers on maize yield and economic benefits by comparing the relationships between soil P distribution and P absorption and utilization of maize in calcareous soil of Xinjiang province in China. The main results indicated that (1) the drip application of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and urea phosphate (UP) was more beneficial for increasing the total P content in the deep soil layer; the drip application of APP was beneficial in increasing the available P content of the deep soil layer. (2) Dripping acid fertilizer was more conducive to reducing soil acidity and alkalinity (pH). (3) The application of different P fertilizers favoured the accumulation of P in all organs of maize, among which APP and UP were the most effective since they increased accumulation by 75.8% and 60.4% (at the flowering stage) and 98.2% and 62.3% (at the maturity stage), respectively, compared with CK (without P fertilizer). (4) pH was the main factor affecting P uptake and transformation, and the drip application of P fertilizer had the most significant effect on pH. (5) The application of different water‐soluble P fertilizers increased maize yield and economic benefits. Among the five water‐soluble P fertilizers selected in this study, APP had the greatest economic benefits, followed by UP and monoammonium phosphate (MAP); they increased yields by 31.6%, 24.5%, and 22.0%, respectively, compared with CK.
Mobility, infrastructure and human environment relations in the Anthropocene
Authors: Horn Christine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper examines transport and mobility in rural and remote communities, focusing on trade‐offs between development and environmental protection in the Anthropocene. In Sarawak, a state of Malaysia, unpaved logging roads provide basic mobility for remote communities while contributing to the unsustainable and inequitable extraction of natural resources. I argue that the conditions under which transport infrastructure is provided prevent the possibility for sustainable development and pitch local people against a landscape that is the source of livelihoods and identities. The paper is interested in the life and agency of infrastructure and the environment, new materialism and critical approaches to development within human geography.
Exploring approaches to contemporary clinical incident analysis methods within acute care settings: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kynoch Kathryn , Liu Xianliang , Tan Jing-Yu (Benjamin) , Shi Wendan , Teus Judeil Krlan , Ramis Mary-Anne 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
This review will explore the literature on contemporary incident analysis methods used in acute hospital settings, identifying types and characteristics of these methods and how they are used to minimize, prevent, or learn from errors and improve patient safety.

Introduction:
Safety is a major focus in health care; however, despite best efforts, errors and incidents still occur, leading to harm or potential harm to patients, families, carers, staff, or the organization. Incident analysis methods aim to reduce risk of harm. Traditional methods have been criticized for failing to consider the complexity of health care and the dynamic nature of acute care settings. Alternative methodologies are being sought to achieve higher levels of patient safety and care quality care in hospitals. Learning from errors and communicating with those involved in incidents are key requirements in contemporary incident analysis.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider empirical research published since 2013, reporting on the use of clinical incident analysis methods within acute care settings. The review will explore ways in which consumers or stakeholders (eg, clinicians or other hospital workers, patients, families, carers, visitors) have been included in these analysis methods and how data have been used to support changes in the service or organization.

Methods:
Following JBI methods and PRISMA-ScR reporting guidance, we will search PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Studies will be reviewed independently, with results presented in tables, figures, and narrative summaries according to the concepts of interest.
Transcriptional pathways across colony biofilm models in the symbiont
Vibrio fischeri
Authors: Vander Griend Jacob A. , Isenberg Ruth Y. , Kotla Ketan R. , Mandel Mark J. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Beneficial microbial symbionts that are horizontally acquired by their animal hosts undergo a lifestyle transition from free-living in the environment to associating with host tissues. In the model symbiosis between the Hawaiian bobtail squid and its microbial symbiont
Vibrio fischeri
, one mechanism used to make this transition during host colonization is the formation of biofilm-like aggregates in host mucosa. Previous work identified factors that are sufficient to induce
V. fischeri
biofilm formation, yet much remains unknown regarding the breadth of target genes induced by these factors. Here, we probed two widely used
in vitro
models of biofilm formation to identify novel regulatory pathways in the squid symbiont
V. fischeri
ES114. We discovered a shared set of 232 genes that demonstrated similar patterns in expression in both models. These genes comprise multiple exopolysaccharide loci that are upregulated and flagellar motility genes that are downregulated, with a consistent decrease in measured swimming motility. Furthermore, we identified genes regulated downstream of the key sensor kinase RscS that are induced independent of the response regulator SypG. Our data suggest that transcriptional regulator VpsR plays a strong role in expression of at least a subset of these genes. Overall, this study adds to our understanding of the genes involved in
V. fischeri
biofilm regulation while revealing new regulatory pathways branching from previously characterized signaling networks.

IMPORTANCE

The
V. fischeri-
squid system provides an opportunity to study biofilm development both in the animal host and in culture-based biofilm models that capture key aspects of
in vivo
signaling. In this work, we report the results of the transcriptomic profiling of two
V. fischeri
biofilm models followed by phenotypic validation and examination of novel signaling pathway architecture. Remarkable consistency between the models provides a strong basis for future studies using either approach or both. A subset of the factors identified by the approaches were validated in the work, and the body of transcriptomic data provides a number of leads for future studies in culture and during animal colonization.
Retail demand for emergency contraception in United States following New Year holiday: time series study
Authors: Wagner Brandon , Cleland Kelly 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
To estimate the increase in sales of emergency contraception following the New Year’s Eve/New Year’s Day holiday.

Design
Time series analysis using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model.

Setting
Traditional (that is, “bricks and mortar”) retail outlets—grocery stores, drug stores, mass merchandisers, club stores, dollar stores, and military outlets—in the United States from 2016 to 2022.

Data source
Marketing data on weekly aggregated sales of items classified as emergency contraception gathered between 2016 and 2022 (n=362). On the basis of dates, weeks were classified as following the New Year holiday (n=6) or not (n=356).

Main outcome measure
Weekly sales of levonorgestrel emergency contraception per 1000 women of reproductive age in the US population.

Results
Sales of levonorgestrel emergency contraception significantly increased after the New Year holiday (0.63 (95% confidence interval 0.58 to 0.69) unit increase per 1000 women aged 15-44). Holidays that share some aspects of the elevated risks of unprotected sexual intercourse with the New Year holiday (Valentine’s Day, St Patrick’s Day, US Independence Day) were associated with increased sales, albeit to a lesser degree, with respective sales increases per 1000 women aged 15-44 of 0.31 (0.25 to 0.38), 0.14 (0.06 to 0.23), and 0.20 (0.11 to 0.29). Holidays without these expectations (Easter, Mother’s Day, Father’s Day) were not significantly associated with sales of levonorgestrel emergency contraception.

Conclusions
Increased sales of emergency contraception following the New Year’s holiday suggest that this period is associated with increased risks of unprotected vaginal intercourse compared with other holidays. Targeting behavioral risks, prevention strategies to mitigate sexual violence, and improving access to contraception around holidays may limit the risks associated with unprotected vaginal intercourse.
Cost of inaction: a framework to estimate the economic cost of missing a patient with tuberculosis in the Indian context
Authors: Brooks Meredith B , Pingali Viswanath , Nicholson Tom , Keshavjee Salmaan 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesTo estimate the economic impact of failure to find and treat tuberculosis disease and prevent tuberculosis infection from progressing to active disease.DesignEstimating the economic cost of not finding and treating a patient suffering from tuberculosis.SettingEstimation methodology is developed in the Indian context, as informed by local costs and reported tuberculosis epidemiology.ParticipantsNo individual participants were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure is the total cost of patients with drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis who are and are not found and treated by tuberculosis programmes, including costs for medications, lost productivity, healthcare services and furthered transmission. We calculate the economic burdens by varying the number of individuals a person sick with tuberculosis infects (10 or 15 people) and the risk of progression to tuberculosis disease if infected (5 or 8%). The secondary outcome measure is the amount saved by finding a patient early or who would not have otherwise been found. All costs are presented in US dollars (exchange rate: 72 Indian rupees/1 US$).ResultsBy finding and treating a patient early before furthered transmission occurs—or stopping progression of tuberculosis infection to tuberculosis disease with preventive therapy—the Indian health system can save US$5502 to US$15 825 and US$5846 to US$25 575, foreachindividual with drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis, respectively, across scenarios.ConclusionsThese estimates provide crude, lower bounds for the potential costs of not appropriately diagnosing and treating a single patient with active tuberculosis in a timely manner, or preventing a patient with tuberculosis infection from progressing to active disease. The actual financial burden on society is far higher than estimated using this simple, short-term cost-effective analyses. Our results highlight the limitations of tuberculosis costing models to date, and demonstrate the importance of accounting for airborne transmission of tuberculosis.