bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parasitological and Clinico‐pathological Profiles in Friesian Cattle Naturally Infected with Theileria annulata in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Omer O. H. , Haroun E. M. , Mahmoud O. M. , Abdel‐Magied E. M. , El‐Malik K. H. , Magzoub M. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryClinico‐pathological profiles were studied in adult and young Friesian cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Sixty‐two clinical cases of T. annulata infection in adult and young Friesian cattle were diagnosed during the period from August 1999 to July 2000. Symptoms observed were marked fever, swelling of superficial lymph nodes, inappetance, tachycardia, dyspnoea and weakness. The most prominent gross pathological features were jaundice, petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages involving mucosal and serosal surfaces of many organs as well as body fat. A number of young and adult Friesian cattle undergoing lethal T. annulata infection developed lymphoma‐like lesions in a manner similar to that of T. parva. The main histological findings were necrosis and severe lymphocytic infiltration. The spleen, lymph nodes and Peyer's patches were devoid of typical lymph nodules.
Identification of Streptococcus dysgalactiae Strains of Lancefield's group C, G and L by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Hassan A. A. , Khan I. U. , Lämmler C. 
Published: May 2003

Summary Streptococcus dysgalactiae serogroup C, G and L strains were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotide primers designed according to species‐specific parts of the 16S–23S rDNA intergenic spacer region. The oligonucleotide primers with specificity for the 16S–23S rDNA intergenic spacer region allowed a correct identification of all S. dysgalactiae serogroups C, G and L strains investigated. No cross‐reactivities could be observed with any of the control strains indicating the usefulness of PCR‐technology to identify the serologically heterogeneous species S. dysgalactiae.
Proportions and Phenotypic Expression of Peripheral Blood Leucocytes in Pigs Vaccinated with an Attenuated C Strain and a Subunit E2 Vaccine Against Classical Swine Fever
Authors: Terzić S. , Šver L. , Valpotić I. , Jemeršić L. , Lojkić M. , Miletić Z. , Oršolić N. , Foršek J. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryThe influence of an attenuated classical swine fever virus C strain vaccine and a subunit E2 vaccine against classical swine fever on the peripheral blood leucocyte proportion and phenotypic expression in 12‐week‐old pigs was studied. The C strain was amplified in minipig kidney cell culture and final product contained 104±0.15 TCID50/ml, while the subunit vaccine contained 32 μg per dose of gp E2. Haematological findings showed that the vaccines did not cause leucopenia or lymphocytopenia and the number of neutrophils and eosinophils during the observation period was within physiological range. The results of the proportion of CD4a+, CD5a+, CD8a+, wCD21+, CD45RA+, CD45RC+, non‐T non‐B, SWC3a+ and CD11b+ cells were gained by single‐colour flow cytometry. At the end of the trial a significantly increase of percentage of CD4+, CD5a+, CD8+, wCD21+ cells has been found in pigs that received the subunit vaccine and the percentage of CD4+, CD5a+, CD8+, CD45RA+ and CD45RC+ cells was higher in pigs that received the attenuated vaccine. Twenty‐eight days after vaccination the percentage of CD4+, CD45RA+ and CD45RC+ was significantly higher in pigs vaccinated with the C strain than in pigs vaccinated with the subunit vaccine. In contrary, the percentage of the wCD21+ cells was higher in pigs that received the subunit vaccine. Statistically higher values of SWC3a+ and lower values of CD11b+ cells was observed in pigs that received the attenuated vaccine than in pigs vaccinated with the subunit vaccine. Taken altogether, our results showed that the subunit vaccine produced a better stimulation of B cells and CD11b+ monocytes/macrophages /granulocytes/NK cells, whereas the attenuated vaccine induced a higher response of Th cells, naive/memory cells and macrophages/neutrophils. Thus, both vaccines were able to influence the porcine immune system, by activating different subsets of the immune effector/accessory cells.
Infection of Two Goatherds with Mycoplasma mycoides Subsp. capri in Hungary, Evidence of a Possible Faecal Excretion
Authors: Szeredi L. , Tenk M. , Dán Á. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryDuring epidemic outbreaks in two goatherds clinical symptoms and deaths occurred in five (14%) of the 3‐week‐old goat kids in farm A, and in six (33%) of those in farm B. In the latter farm, three female goats aborted before the clinical symptoms in the kids emerged. Mycoplasma could be isolated from both healthy and sick goat kids and from female goats, which had diseased kids or had aborted. Three goat kids (one from herd A and two from herd B) were sent for post‐mortem examination. In all these cases septicaemia caused by Mycoplasma was diagnosed. Based on the bacteriological examination the Mycoplasma strains proved to be Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc). This was confirmed by the PCR examination. Mmc was isolated from several locations includingfrom the rectum of one healthy female goat, and from two diseased kids. In addition, bacteria were detected in the small intestine in two of the necropsied kids by bacteriological and/or immunohistochemical methods. The finding suggests that Mmc may be transmitted via faeces in goatherds, kept under conventional conditions.
Two Cases of Equine Grass Sickness with Evidence for Soil‐borne Origin Involving Botulinum Neurotoxin
Authors: Böhnel H. , Wernery U. , Gessler F. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryBotulism is caused by different types of Clostridium botulinum, a soil bacterium. Equine grass sickness (equine dysautonomia) is suspected of being a clinical form of this disease. On a stud where this disease occurred twice within 8 months, grass and soil samples and necropsy specimens of one horse were tested for the presence of bacterial forms and toxin of C. botulinum. Different types and type mixtures (A–E) of C. botulinum and botulinum neurotoxin were found. For the first time, it has been shown that green grass blades contain botulinum toxin. The results support the hypothesis that equine grass sickness is a clinical form of botulism, a soil‐borne disease.
A Study of the Progress of the Aujeszky's Disease Control Programme in Italy Using Survival Analysis
Authors: Martini M. , Drigo M. , Pozza M. Dalla , Ferrari G. , Martinello F. , Sona B. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryA 3‐year study (1997–2000) was performed on 294 swine herds from Italy, where a National Programme of Control of Aujeszky's Disease (AD) based on compulsory vaccination has been operative since 1997. Aim of the study was to evaluate the progress of this control programme using a survival approach applied to gE‐seropositive herds at the beginning of the programme. The cumulative proportion of herds still gE‐seropositive at the end of the study was 0.57. No significant difference in the probability of becoming gE‐seronegative during the study period was found between herds of different type (breeding versus farrow‐to‐finish) whereas significant differences were seen between herds from different areas. The Cox's proportional hazards regression, performed on data from 79 herds, showed that the only risk factor significantly associated with a higher probability of becoming gE‐seronegative is again the geographical location. Other risk factors considered in the analysis were: type of enterprise, type of replacement of animals, herd size, pig and pig herds densities around the farm, distance from the nearest pig herd and year of beginning of the vaccination with a gE‐deleted vaccine.
The Acute Phase Response in Calves Experimentally Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus and/or Mannheimia haemolytica
Authors: Gånheim C. , Hultén C. , Carlsson U. , Kindahl H. , Niskanen R. , Waller K. P. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryThe aim of this investigation was to study differences and similarities in the acute phase response of calves experimentally infected in the respiratory tract with either bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) or Mannheima haemolytica (Mh), or with a combination of both (BVDV/Mh). A non‐inoculated control group was also included. The acute phase response was measured by serum or plasma concentrations of the acute phase proteins (APPs) haptoglobin, serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen, and of cortisol, prostaglandin F2α‐metabolite and interferon‐α (IFN‐α) activity. Clinical symptoms were also recorded and were most severe in the BVDV/Mh group. The symptoms were mild to moderate in the BVDV group, while none, or very mild symptoms were observed in the Mh group. In all inoculated groups, a significant acute phase response was observed, with elevated values of haptoglobin, SAA and fibrinogen, while the control group remained unaffected throughout the study. In general, the magnitude of the response was similar, but the duration of elevated concentrations of APPs was significantly longer in the BVDV/Mh group than in the BVDV group, reflecting the duration of the clinical symptoms. However, in the single infection groups, the APP response and the clinical symptoms were not correlated. The IFN‐α activity increased in all BVDV‐inoculated animals, but no response in cortisol and PGF2α‐metabolite concentrations was observed after infection. Basal levels of serum concentrations of haptoglobin, SAA and fibrinogen were established and may be used for evaluating calf health in herds. The duration of elevated haptoglobin, SAA and fibrinogen values did not differ significantly within groups indicating that their value as indicator of disease is equal.
The Persistence of Rabies Virus Antibodies in the Sera of Fox Cubs
Authors: Hostnik P. , Barlič‐Maganja D. , Toplak I. , Grom J. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryThe persistence of maternal antibodies transfer from rabies‐immune vixens to their fox cubs was studied. Eight vixens (Vulpes vulpes) were vaccinated 1 month before pregnancy with Lysvulpen vaccine for oral vaccination of foxes. Twenty‐one were foxes born at the first half of April. The geometrical mean titre of rabies neutralizing antibodies of fox cubs sampled in May was 1.31 IU/ml and has dropped successively to 0.54 IU/ml in June samples and to 0.18 IU/ml in July samples. It has been proven that the duration of rabies maternal antibodies in fox cubs was limited to 2 months after birth.
Silicic arc volcanism in Central Luzon, the Philippines: Characterization of its space, time and geochemical relationship
Authors: Yumul Graciano P. , Dimalanta Carla B. , Tamayo Rodolfo A. , Bellon Herve 
Published: May 2003

Abstract  The silicic volcanic rocks in Central Luzon show a temporal and spatial relationship with its geochemistry. Volcanic centers dated to approximately 5 Ma are silicic in geochemical composition whereas those between <5–1 Ma expose basaltic to andesitic rocks. Volcanic centers dated <1 Ma are characterized by a wide range of geochemistry encompassing basaltic through andesitic to dacitic signatures. Aside from changes in geochemistry through time, the areas (i.e. fore‐arc to back‐arc region) where the volcanic centers are formed also vary. The shift in the location of the volcanic centers in Central Luzon is attributed to changes in the dip of subduction of the South China Sea crust along the Manila Trench. Flat subduction resulted from the subduction of the Scarborough Seamount Chain, an oceanic bathymetric high along the Manila Trench west of northern Luzon. However, collision of Luzon with Taiwan in the north and Palawan in the south resulted in steepening of the subduction angle. The silicic volcanic centers in the forearc (Ce/Yb = 20–140) and back‐arc (Ce/Yb = 20–60) regions are generally characterized by higher Ce/Yb compared to the basaltic‐andesitic volcanic rocks in the main volcanic arc (Ce/Yb = 20) and back‐arc (Ce/Yb = 20–30) regions. This across‐arc geochemical variation highlights the contributions from the slab, mantle and crust coupled with the effects of geochemical processes that include partial melting, fractionation, magma mixing and mantle–melt interaction.
Measured and predicted total body water in children with myelomeningocele
Authors: Littlewood RA , Trocki O , Cleghorn G 
Published: May 2003

Objective:  Children with myelomeningocele (MMC) have an altered body composition and an atypical distribution of total body water (TBW). The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of current predictive equations, based on bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), in determining TBW when compared with measured TBW using deuterium dilution.Methods:  Fourteen children with MMC were measured for whole body BIA and TBW (using deuterium dilution and the Plateau method). Total body water was predicted using equations based on the resistance and characteristic frequency from BIA measurements and heights of subjects.Results:  The mean measured TBW was 15.46 ± 8.28 L and the mean predictions for TBW using equations based on the  resistance and characteristic frequency from BIA measurements and heights of subjects were 18.29 ± 8.41 L, 17.72 ± 11.42 L and 12.51 ± 7.59 L, respectively. The best correlation was found using characteristic frequency. The limits of agreement between measured and predicted TBW values using Bland−Altman analysis were large.Conclusions:  The present study suggests that the prediction of TBW in children with MMC can be made accurately using the equation of Cornish et al. based on BIA measurements of characteristic frequency.
Hermeneutic research in nursing: developing a Gadamerian‐based research method
Authors: Fleming Valerie , Gaidys Uta , Robb Yvonne 
Published: May 2003

Hermeneutic research in nursing: developing a Gadamerian‐based research method This paper takes the stance that although there are many different approaches to phenomenological and hermeneutic research, some of these have become blurred due to multiple interpretations of translated materials. Working from original texts by the German philosophers, this paper reconsiders the relevance of phenomenology and hermeneutics to nursing research. We trace the development of Gadamer's philosophy in order to propose a research method based in this tradition. Five steps have been identified as a guide for nurse researchers. These are deciding upon a question, identification of preunderstandings, gaining understanding through dialogue with participants, gaining understanding through dialogue with text and establishing trustworthiness.
The paradox of the Aged Care Act 1997: the marginalisation of nursing discourse*
Authors: Angus Jocelyn , Nay Rhonda 
Published: May 2003

The paradox of the Aged Care Act 1997: the marginalisation of nursing discourse This paper examines the marginalisation of nursing discourse, which followed the enactment of the Aged Care Act 1997. This neo‐reform period in aged care, dominated by theories of economic rationalism, enshrined legislation based upon market principles and by implication, the provision of care at the cheapest possible price. This paper exposes some of the gaps in the neo‐reform period and challenges the assertion that the amalgamation of nursing homes and hostels in such an environment can provide better quality of care and life for residents. It argues that this amalgamation entails a transformation towards a social model of care and fails to address the professional healthcare needs of the acutely sick and complex extreme old person and makes evident new gaps in the provision of aged care services. The paper proceeds to present strategies where the future for nursing practice in aged care necessarily involves a judicious balancing of individual cases alongside economic prescriptions of care and ever‐changing public policy initiatives. It concludes that this can be achieved through a more interactive public, professional and advocacy discourse. The methodology involves extensive analysis of public documents including media, academic journals, government reports and interviews with recognised leaders in the field of aged care. The study utilises a critical interpretative framework consistent with the logic of Michel Foucault.
Narrative inquiry in a nursing practicum
Authors: Lindsay Gail M. , Smith Faith 
Published: May 2003

Narrative inquiry in a nursing practicum One approach to creating research‐based nursing education is to think and write narratively about the daily life of a BScN program student and her teacher in diverse settings and over time. Gail, as a nurse‐teacher, and Faith, as a nursing student and now Public Health Nurse, reconstruct their teaching–learning experiences in an integrated practicum in maternal–child health services as a narrative inquiry. After presenting this reconstruction of experience at a conference on maternal scholarship, further inquiry into their experiences shows how narrative inquiry matters to construction of nursing praxis and to life‐long learning as a nurse. Teaching–learning relationships are seen as a template for a student's connections to people experiencing nursing care and to other clinicians. Construction of stories to live by that take into account becoming a nurse, constructing knowledge and enacting caring–healing nursing practices is illuminated through narrative inquiry.
Snap‐shots of live theatre: the use of photography to research governance in operating room nursing
Authors: Riley Robin , Manias Elizabeth 
Published: May 2003

Snap‐shots of live theatre: the use of photography to research governance in operating room nursingThe use of photography is an underreported method of research in the nursing literature. This paper explores its use in an ethnographic research project, the fieldwork of which was undertaken by the first author. The aim was to examine the governance of operating room nursing in the clinical setting and the theoretical orientation was the work of Michel Foucault. The focus of this paper is on how photography was used as a means of data generation. To establish some context we begin by drawing on writers from sociology and anthropology to provide an overview of the status of vision and visual research methods in contemporary social research. We then move to a brief discussion of the uses of photography in social research and the limitations imposed by ethical considerations of its use in clinical nursing settings. As well, the process and approach involved in this research project, and issues of analysis are discussed. Three ‘snap‐shots’ of operating room nursing, taken by participants, are presented. Each is analysed in terms of its contributions to the research process as well as its substantive contribution to the theoretical framework and the research aims.
Creating what sort of professional? Master's level nurse education as a professionalising strategy
Authors: Gerrish Kate , McManus Mike , Ashworth Peter 
Published: May 2003

Creating what sort of professional? Master's level nurse education as a professionalising strategy This paper reports on a detailed analysis of selected findings from a larger study of master's level nurse education. It locates some features of such education within the contemporary situation of nursing as a profession and interprets the role of master's level nurse education as a professionalising strategy. In‐depth interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of 18 nurse lecturers drawn from eight universities in the United Kingdom. The interview agenda explored participants’ perspectives of the characteristics of master's level performance in practice. Interview transcripts were interpreted by drawing upon hermeneutic methodology.The following themes emerged. (a) The credibility of the master's level nurse was of central importance. In terms of the literature of professionalisation, this may be interpreted as a factor in enhancing the legitimacy of nursing as an occupation. (b) The clinical capability attributed to the nurse is interpreted as leading to an increase in the authority commanded by the expert professional. Thus, the individual capability of the master's level nurse enhances the attribution of autonomous skill to the occupation as a whole. (c) The master's level nurse is seen to exercise influence and leadership and this strengthens the power and status of nursing.Nursing does not have the appearance of a ‘traditional’ profession, neither has it a clear stance as a ‘new profession’. Rather it appears to be especially responsive to the tide of public opinion manifest through government edicts. While nursing is employing rhetoric that espouses both positions, the direction of master's level education is anomalous.
Implementing a postcolonial feminist perspective in nursing research related to non‐Western populations
Authors: Racine Louise 
Published: May 2003

Implementing a postcolonial feminist perspective in nursing research related to non‐Western populationsIn this article, I argue that implementing a postcolonial feminist perspective in nursing research transcends the limitations of modern cultural theories in exploring the health problems of non‐Western populations. Providing nursing care in pluralist countries like Canada remains a challenge for nurses. First, nurses must reflect on their ethnic background and stereotypes that may impinge on the understanding of cultural differences. Second, dominant health ideologies that underpin nurses’ everyday practice and the structural barriers that may constrain the utilization of public healthcare services by non‐Western populations must be further examined. Postcolonial feminism is aimed at addressing health inequities stemming from social discriminative practices. I will draw on extant literature and data of an ongoing ethnography exploring the Haitian caregivers’ ways of caring for ageing relatives at home to unveil how the larger social and cultural world has an impact on caregivers’ everyday lives. Marginalized locations represent privileged sites from which health problems, intersecting with power, race, gender, and social classes, can be addressed. Postcolonial feminism provides the analytic lens to look at the impact of these factors in shaping health experiences. It also suggests redirecting nursing cultural research and practice to achieve social justice in the healthcare system.
A strategic plan for disaster medicine in Australasia
Authors: A Bradt David , Abraham Ken , Franks Rodney 
Published: May 2003

AbstractDisaster epidemiology reveals epidemic increases in incidence of disasters. Rare disasters with catastrophic consequences also threaten modern populations. This paper profiles natural disasters, transportation incidents, emerging infectious diseases, complex disasters and terrorism for their historical and future potential impact on Australasia. Emergency physicians are in a position to assume leadership roles within the disaster management community in Australasia. The Australasian College for Emergency Medicine is in a position to lead medical specialty advances in disaster medicine in Australasia. To optimize its impact in disaster medicine, the specialty and its College have opportunities for advances in key areas of College administration, intra and interinstitutional representation, disaster preparedness and planning, disaster relief operations, education and training programs, applied clinical research, and faculty development.