bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection model for key nodes of manufacturing industry chain stability under complex networks: a naval architecture and marine engineering equipment industry chain example
Authors: Xu Lan , Zhu Xueyi 
Published: February 2024

PurposeCurrently, China’s manufacturing industry chain still faces the danger of chain breakage due to the persistent “lack of technology” issue. The definition and detection of key nodes in the industry chain are significant to the enhancement of the stability of the industry chain. Therefore, detecting the key nodes in the manufacturing industry chain is necessary.Design/methodology/approachA complex network based on the links amongst listed manufacturing enterprises is built, and the authors analyse the network’s basic characteristics and vulnerability, taking into account the impact of scientific and technological innovation on the stability of the industry chain.FindingsIt is found that the high structural characteristic of midstream nodes in the naval architecture and marine engineering equipment industry chain determines their importance to stability, and the key status of upstream nodes is reflected in the weakness of technological innovation. The upstream nodes should focus on improving their independent innovation and R&D capability, whilst the midstream nodes should maintain a close supply–demand cooperation relationship.Originality/valueThe key node detection model for industry chain stability is constructed by considering various factors from the perspective of network and technological innovation. Empirical study is conducted to verify effectiveness of proposed method.
The influence of garment quality evaluation on fashion innovation of dressmakers in Ghana
Authors: Benyah Eunice , Acquaye Richard , Seidu Raphael Kanyire 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
The innovativeness of dressmakers is a concern to respondents to satisfy their clothing needs. The purpose of this study is to determine the criteria that respondents use to judge the quality of clothing and its influences on the innovative ability of dressmakers in the clothing manufacturing industries.

Design/methodology/approach
Three hundred and ninety-seven (397) respondents in the Takoradi Metropolis of Ghana filled out a questionnaire, and the results were used to compile data for the study. The sample size was calculated using Miller and Brewer formula. The data was analysed using structural equational modelling with the SmartPLS v.4 software.

Findings
The results showed that respondents are very interested in the calibre of clothing produced by their dressmakers. However, the study revealed that when evaluating the quality of a garment, respondents do not simply accept what has been sewn for them but also consider the performance, appearance, fit and shape of the garment. Findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between garment appearance quality (t = 2.605; p < 0.05), garment performance quality (t = 3.915; p < 0.05), garment shape quality (t = 6.248; p <0.05) and fashion innovations. Subsequently, the evaluation of garment fit quality by respondents revealed it does not bring about innovations (t = 1.310; p > 0.05).

Practical implications
The continuous evaluation of custom-made clothing from customers will go a long way towards highlighting the relative criteria they use to evaluate the innovation of dressmakers. This will help improve the creativity of the dressmakers since such feedback will help them understand and innovate their production skills to meet the preferences of customers.

Originality/value
The present study provides an in-depth understanding of how garment quality evaluation by customers influences the innovation of dressmakers in Takoradi, Ghana. The constructs were developed for the study to capture the appropriate data from customers for the study. This presents an evaluation criterion on four garment quality variables imperative for use or modification by other studies.
How do tour guides cope with knowledgeable tourists? Conceptualising knowledge/information asymmetry in tour-guiding contexts
Authors: Rihova Ivana , Alexander Matthew 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Tourists’ resource integration both offers opportunities and presents challenges to tourism service providers. Focussing on the tour guide perspective, the purpose of this paper is to explore how tour guides experience knowledge/information-based asymmetry in encounters with tourists and identifies the roles and coping strategies used by guides to facilitate service co-production.

Design/methodology/approach
Critical incident technique is used in qualitative interviews with 47 tour guides in Scotland, broadly representative of the Scottish tour guiding context. 107 critical incidents were analysed, with an average of 2.32 incidents per interview. Narrative analysis of the incidents was performed inductively in four iterative steps using QSR NVivo.

Findings
Three resource asymmetry incident categories are identified: probing – Guide-Oracle is questioned by inquiring tourists and copes through diverting, evasion, and follow-up strategies; learning – Guide-Magpie learns from expert tourists through acknowledging and co-delivery; and negotiation – Guide-Diplomat with greater knowledge helps misguided tourists save face through appeasing, following the official line and tactfully correcting.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to service co-production research in tourism by theorising about contexts where knowledge/information asymmetry exists between tour guides and tourists, particularly where fluid power relations between guides and knowledgeable tourists occur or where misguided tourists co-produce the service by prioritising own meanings. Findings highlight the importance of soft skills and other non-content capabilities of guides, and suggestions are offered for effective training and resource sharing/ learning initiatives for tour guiding services.
Ecological significance of marcescence in Himalayan plants: Why is standing dead phytomass more important in demanding, resource‐limited environments?
Authors: Chondol Thinles , Korznikov Kiril A. , Doležal Jiří 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Understanding mechanisms allowing plants to thrive in challenging conditions is critical for predicting their responses to global environmental change. An often overlooked ecological adaptation is marcescence, where leaves and stems are retained beyond their typical shedding time, with implications for nutrient recycling and carbon sequestration. Marcescence can be expected in plants with conservative resource‐use strategies, especially in environments with limited resources and marked seasonality, such as deserts and alpine regions. However, the extent to which marcescence occurs in different taxa across different habitats and its relationship to seasonality and plant functioning as reflected in ecophysiological traits remains understudied.

We studied 600 individuals across 40 Himalayan herb species found in desert, steppe, alpine and subnival habitats, spanning 3000–5400 m elevation. Marcescence was observed in 37 of the 40 species evaluated, with 57% of the sampled individuals displaying dead phytomass, indicating the widespread nature of this phenomenon in Himalayan ecosystems.

Environment and plant traits emerged as significant factors influencing the amount of dead‐standing biomass. These findings remained robust after accounting for intraspecific variation and phylogenetic inertia. Desert and steppe species exhibited greater marcescent biomass, characterized by 10‐fold more dead stem biomass than alpine and subnival plants. In contrast, the proportion of dead phytomass increased with elevation due to increased dead leaf fraction.

Taller desert species with heavily lignified stems and limited nitrogen and phosphorus content had high levels of stem marcescence, which not only may aid litter photodegradation and nutrient recycling but also deter herbivory and promote seed dispersal (tumbleweed). Conversely, slow‐growing alpine and subnival plants with higher water‐use efficiency, foliar C:N ratios and parenchymatic storage tissue rich in mobile carbohydrates had a high proportion of marcescent leaves, which may aid survival in these resource‐limited environments by providing delayed nutrients through moisture‐conserving mulch that also provides insulation and protection from frost.

This study provides new insights into the complex interplay of habitat, seasonality and plant traits in dead phytomass retention in Himalayan plants. Marcescence is prevalent in resource‐conservative species in highly seasonal, resource‐limited habitats and may significantly shape the functioning and biodiversity of Himalayan ecosystems.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Ultrasound‐guided Lipiodol® hysterosalpingography: A prospective study on pregnancy and complication rates
Authors: Lo Glen , Hince Dana , Johnson Neil , Hofman Paul L. , Sekhon Jasmin , Lee Emmeline 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundFluoroscopic hysterosalpingography (HSG) with Lipiodol® is safe and has a therapeutic effect on fertility: transient in endometriosis‐related infertility and sustained in unexplained infertility. Ultrasound is replacing fluoroscopy as the preferred imaging modality for HSG due to comfort and radiation safety (no ionising radiation). The safety of ultrasound‐guided Lipiodol® HSG is uncertain.AimsProspectively observe pregnancy and complication rates after ultrasound‐guided Lipiodol® HSG.Materials and MethodsA single‐centre prospective study of women with unexplained infertility undergoing ultrasound‐guided Lipiodol® uterine bathing and tubal flushing after tubal patency confirmed with ExEm® Foam HyFoSy (hysterosalpingo‐foam‐sonography). Pregnancy outcomes at six months and serum and urinary thyroid function at one, three and eight weeks were recorded. Pain scores were recorded during and immediately after HSG. Descriptive statistics are reported.ResultsFifty‐two participants were enrolled between July 2019 and April 2021, median age 33 years (range 21–45). Only 45 (87%, 45/52) completed the Lipiodol® HSG; 5/7 experienced intravasation during initial HyFoSy. Of 30 women at follow‐up, 57% had biochemical (17/30, 95% CI 37%–75%), 53% clinical (16/30 95% CI 34%–72%) and 35% ongoing pregnancies (11/30, 95% CI 20%–56%). The rate of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) at two months was 41% (7/17). One intravasation event occurred during Lipiodol® HSG (2%, 1/45). Median pain score was 5/10 (range 0–9, interquartile range 2.5–7). No anaphylaxis, infection or oil embolism was observed.ConclusionOutpatient ultrasound‐guided Lipiodol® HSG was safe, with pregnancy rates comparable to previous studies of fluoroscopic guidance. Rates of intravasation and SCH were also similar, confirming the need to monitor thyroid function.
Venetoclax resistance in acute myeloid leukaemia—Clinical and biological insights
Authors: Nachmias Boaz , Aumann Shlomzion , Haran Arnon , Schimmer Aaron D. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryVenetoclax, an oral BCL‐2 inhibitor, has been widely incorporated in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia. The combination of hypomethylating agents and venetoclax is the current standard of care for elderly and patient's ineligible for aggressive therapies. However, venetoclax is being increasingly used with aggressive chemotherapy regimens both in the front line and in the relapse setting. Our growing experience and intensive research demonstrate that certain genetic abnormalities are associated with venetoclax sensitivity, while others with resistance, and that resistance can emerge during treatment leading to disease relapse. In the current review, we provide a summary of the known mechanisms of venetoclax cytotoxicity, both regarding the inhibition of BCL‐2‐mediated apoptosis and its effect on cell metabolism. We describe how these pathways are linked to venetoclax resistance and are associated with specific mutations. Finally, we provide the rationale for novel drug combinations in current and future clinical trials.
The use of core descriptors from the ENiGMA code study in recent literature: a systematic review
Authors: Khan Saher‐Zahra , Arline Andrea , Williams Kate M. , Lee Matthew J. , Steinhagen Emily , Stein Sharon L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThe heterogeneity in data quality presented in studies regarding Crohn's anal fistula (CAF) limit extrapolation into clinical practice. The ENiGMA collaborators established a core descriptor set to standardize reporting of CAF. The aim of this work was to quantify the use of these descriptors in recent literature.MethodWe completed a systematic review of PubMed and the Cochrane Library, extracting publications from the past 10 years specific to the clinical interventions and outcomes of CAF, and reported in line with PRISMA guidance. Each article was assessed for inclusion of ENiGMA descriptors. The median number of descriptors per publication was evaluated along with the overall frequency of each individual descriptor. Use of ENiGMA descriptors was compared between medical and procedural publications.ResultsNinety publications were included. The median number of descriptors was 15 of 37; 16 descriptors were used in over half of the publications while 17 were used in fewer than a third. Descriptors were more frequently used in procedural (n = 16) than medical publications (n = 14) (p = 0.031). In procedural publications, eight descriptors were more frequently used including Faecal incontinence, Number of previous fistula interventions, Presence and severity of anorectal stenosis and Current proctitis. Medical publications were more likely to include Previous response to biological therapy and Duration and type of current course of biological therapy.ConclusionWith many descriptors being used infrequently and variations between medical and procedural literature, the colorectal community should assess the need for all 37 descriptors.
Saxagliptin/dapagliflozin is non‐inferior to insulin glargine in terms of β‐cell function in subjects with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: A 12‐month, randomized, comparator‐controlled pilot study
Authors: Maddaloni Ernesto , Naciu Anda M. , Mignogna Carmen , Galiero Raffaele , Amendolara Rocco , Fogolari Marta , Satta Chiara , Serafini Chiara , Angeletti Silvia , Cavallo Maria Gisella , Cossu Efisio , Sasso Ferdinando Carlo , Buzzetti Raffaella , Pozzilli Paolo ,   for the LADASAXADAPA study group
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo compare the efficacy and safety of saxagliptin/dapagliflozin and insulin glargine in people with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA).MethodsIn this phase 2b multicentre, open‐label, comparator‐controlled, parallel‐group, non‐inferiority study, we randomly assigned 33 people with LADA who had a fasting C‐peptide concentration ≥0.2 nmol/L (0.6 ng/mL) to receive 1‐year daily treatment with either the combination of saxagliptin (5 mg) plus dapagliflozin (10 mg) or insulin glargine (starting dose: 10 IU), both on top of metformin. The primary outcome was the 2‐h mixed meal‐stimulated C‐peptide area under the curve (AUC), measured 12 months after randomization. Secondary outcomes were glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, change in body mass index (BMI), and hypoglycaemic events.ResultsIn the modified intention‐to‐treat analysis, the primary outcome was similar in participants assigned to saxagliptin/dapagliflozin or to insulin glargine (median C‐peptide AUC: 152.0 ng*min/mL [95% confidence interval {CI} 68.2; 357.4] vs. 122.2 ng*min/mL [95% CI 84.3; 255.8]; p for noninferiority = 0.0087). Participants randomized to saxagliptin/dapagliflozin lost more weight than those randomized to insulin glargine (median BMI change at the end of the study: −0.4 kg/m2 [95% CI −1.6; −0.3] vs. +0.4 kg/m2 [95% CI −0.3; +1.1]; p = 0.0076). No differences in HbA1c or in the number of participants experiencing hypoglycaemic events were found.ConclusionsSaxagliptin/dapagliflozin was non‐inferior to glargine in terms of β‐cell function in this 12‐month, small, phase 2b study, enrolling people with LADA with still viable endogenous insulin production. Weight loss was greater with saxagliptin/dapagliflozin, with no differences in glycaemic control or hypoglycaemic risk.
Circulatory shock associated with left insular stroke and chronic steroid treatment
Authors: Russo Mirella , Dono Fedele , Onofrj Marco , Sensi Stefano L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundDamage to the insula has been associated with various types of cardiovascular dysfunction, including arrhythmias and blood pressure imbalances. Acute neuroendocrine disturbances following insular damage have also been described.Case PresentationA 50‐year‐old right‐handed man with a left insular ischemic lesion exhibited aphasia and right central VII nerve palsy. Five days after the stroke, the patient exhibited severe bradycardia and hypotension. He had been treated for ocular trauma with prednisone for the preceding 3 weeks. Cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels indicated secondary adrenal insufficiency. Despite adequate fluid intake, the patient's blood pressure dropped, requiring norepinephrine administration. Midodrine was also initiated, leading to clinical improvement. The therapy was gradually discontinued as vital signs normalized. By Day 24, electrocardiogram monitoring was unremarkable, hormonal levels normalized, and the neurological examination revealed only mild residual speech fluency impairment. Computed tomography scans confirmed a recovering ischemic lesion of the left insula.ConclusionsThis case reveals the inhibitory effect exerted by a left‐sided insular stroke on the autonomic system. It also highlights the still largely unexplored neuroendocrine complications of damage to this brain region.
The role of political hate speech in promoting extreme ideologies and manipulating public discourse for social approval in Pakistan
Authors: Rafi Muhammad Shaban , Shafiq Zunaira 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe proliferation of politically motivated hate speech towards rival politicians has been rapidly increasing in Pakistan. However, the literature on political hate speech and its association with extreme ideologies is under‐theorized in the Pakistani context. We have utilized van Dijk's manipulative discourse and Walther's social approval theory to structure political hate speech and its consequences. The data was based on two Pakistani mainstream politicians’ public speeches and partisans’ comments available on YouTube. Findings reveal that politicians commonly exploit discursive categories, such as name‐calling, offensive metaphors and sarcasm, in their hate speech to dehumanize, ridicule and threaten their rivals. Their hateful slurs showcase extreme ideologies, such as polarization, intolerance, threat and violence. They use the hateful epithets to manipulate partisans, to sell fear of being betrayed and enslaved to the military and foreign powers, and to obtain, in exchange, audience and consent. The study theorizes that Pakistani mainstream politicians deliberately sensationalize hatred in their public speeches to harangue their rivals and foment extreme ideologies for the purpose of increasing their audience.
Task redistribution from general practitioners to nurses in acute infection care: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Desmet Laurent , Seuntjens Lieve , van Bogaert Peter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo examine the impact of implementing nurse‐led consultations compared to physician‐led consultations on the frequency of follow‐up contacts within 14 days following an acute infectious consultation.DesignMonocentric, prospective cohort study.MethodsThe study was conducted in a multidisciplinary, capitation‐based general practice in Belgium. Through analysis of patient files, the number of follow‐up contacts within 14 days after an infection consultation was investigated to determine any difference between physician‐led or nurse‐led consultations. Secondary outcomes included pharmacological interventions and the prescribing behaviour of medical leave certificates.ResultsA total of 352 consultations were analysed, of which 174 conducted by physicians and 178 by nurses. No significant difference was found in the number of follow‐up contacts. However, the probability of a pharmacological intervention by a physician was revealed to be significantly higher. The presence or absence of such pharmacological intervention did not significantly influence the number of follow‐up contacts.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that nurses can be safely and efficiently utilized in acute infection care within a general practice setting. Although these results are promising, more extensive research is needed which incorporates the experiences of patients and healthcare providers. Furthermore, it is advisable to consider the experience and education of the nurses and incorporate them into the analyses.ImpactThis study addressed the high workload on general practitioners by researching a task shift in the acute infectious, primary health care. The results demonstrate the feasibility of this task shift, which may have an impact on primary health care professionals (whose workload may be reorganized), as well as on patients for whom primary care may become more accessible.Patient or Public ContributionThis study includes direct patient data from people who presented themselves with acute infectious complaints in a primary healthcare practice.
The impact of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors on outcome of patients with diabetes mellitus and colorectal cancer
Authors: Chiang Cho‐Han , Chiang Cho‐Hung , Hsia Yuan Ping , Jaroenlapnopparat Aunchalee , Horng Chuan‐Sheng , Wong Kit Yee , Wang Shih‐Syuan , Chang Yu‐Cheng , Chen Brian Shiian , Luan Yu‐Ze , Wang Chun‐Hao , Neilan Tomas G. , Chiang Cho‐Hsien , Peng Cheng‐Ming , Shiah Her‐Shyong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimPatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), and those with diagnosed CRC have a poorer prognosis compared with individuals with normal glucose levels. The inhibition of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) channels has been associated with a reduction in tumor proliferation in preclinical studies. We aimed to investigate the impact of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on the outcome of T2DM patients with colorectal cancer.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study comprising adult patients with T2DM and colorectal adenocarcinoma. SGLT2i recipients were matched to non‐SGLT2i recipients in a 1:1 ratio based on age, sex, and cancer stage. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS), and the secondary outcomes were previously reported serious adverse events associated with SGLT2i.ResultsWe identified 1347 patients with T2DM and colorectal adenocarcinoma, from which 92 patients in the SGLT2i cohort were matched to the non‐SGLT2i cohort. Compared to non‐SGLT2i recipients, SGLT2i recipients had a higher rate of 5‐year OS (86.2% [95% CI: 72.0–93.5] vs 62.3% [95% CI: 50.9–71.8], P = 0.013) and 5‐year PFS (76.6% [95% CI: 60.7–86.7] vs 57.0% [95% CI: 46.2–66.4], P = 0.021). In Cox proportional hazard analyses, SGLT2i were associated with a 50–70% reduction in all‐cause mortality and disease progression. SGLT2i were not associated with an increased risk of serious adverse events.ConclusionSGLT2i were associated with a higher rate of survival in T2DM patients with colorectal cancer.