bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced slime mould optimization with convolutional BLSTM autoencoder based malware classification in intelligent systems
Authors: Alsubai Shtwai , Dutta Ashit Kumar , Rahaman Wahab Sait Abdul , Jaish Yasser Adnan Abu , Alamer Bader Hussain , Saad Hussam Eldin Hussein , Ayub Rashid 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAutonomous intelligent systems are artificial intelligence (AI) tools that act autonomously without direct human supervision. Cloud computing (CC) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies find it challenging to deploy sufficient security defences because of the different structures, storage, and limited computing capabilities that make them more vulnerable to attacks. Security threats against IoT structures, devices, and applications are increasing with the demand for IoT technology. The training data available to AI models may be limited, which could impact their performance and generalizability. Adopting AI solutions in real‐world situations may be impeded by compatibility concerns and the requirement for flawless integration. Malware classification errors can occur due to a lack of contextual knowledge, particularly in cases where benign files behave identically to malicious. Various studies were carried out on detecting IoT malware to evade the menaces posed by malicious code. However, prevailing techniques of IoT malware classification supported particular platforms or demanded complicated methods for attaining higher accuracy. This study introduces an enhanced slime mould optimization with a convolutional BLSTM autoencoder‐based malware classification (ESMO‐CBLSTMAE) system in the IoT cloud platform. The projected ESMO‐CBLSTMAE system focuses on detecting and classifying malware in the IoT cloud platform. To achieve that, the ESMO‐CBLSTMAE algorithm employs a min–max normalization technique for scaling the input dataset. The ESMO‐CBLSTMAE method uses a convolutional bidirectional long short‐term memory autoencoder (CBLSTM‐AE) model for the malware detection process. Lastly, the ESMO method is executed for the optimum hyperparameter tuning of the CBLSTM‐AE technique, which boosts the malware classification results. The experimental analysis of the ESMO‐CBLSTMAE method is tested against a benchmark database, and the outcomes portray the greater efficacy of the ESMO‐CBLSTMAE approach over other existing techniques. The proposed malware classification model achieved an accuracy of 98.57 and F Score of 80.77 and outperformed the existing models.
Implementing plantain (Plantago lanceolata) to mitigate the impact of grazing ruminants on nitrogen losses to the environment: A review
Authors: Pinxterhuis J. B. , Judson H. G. , Peterson M. E. , Navarrete S. , Minnée E. , Dodd M. B. , Davis S. R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUrine patches from grazing ruminants contain high concentrations of nitrogen (N) and are the main source of N leaching from grazed pastoral farming systems. While there have been various options identified to substantially reduce N leaching, in general these practices increase the cost of production or reduce production per hectare. In New Zealand, multi‐species pastures were evaluated as a cheaper option that would potentially retain productivity. Early research showed these pastures had lower urinary N excretion from grazing animals and increased plant N uptake, compared with standard New Zealand perennial ryegrass/white clover (PR‐WC) pastures. Further research highlighted the beneficial attributes of the pasture herb narrow‐leaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata; PL), specifically: reduced urine N concentration, reduced urine N excretion, and reduced rate of soil nitrification. Significant reductions (14%–89%) in N leaching were found from cow urine applied to lysimeters with pastures including PL, compared with PR‐WC pasture. Paddock‐scale measurements confirmed the effects of PL, with 20%–60% lower N leaching when PL comprised 30%–40% of the dry matter (DM) of PL‐PR‐WC grazed pastures. There were no negative effects on milk production and composition when feeding PL to dairy cows, but small positive effects on fatty acid profiles. However, weed and pest management, palatability and persistence remain challenging in pastures containing PL on commercial farms. Management options need to be clarified to ensure successful establishment and maintenance of PL. Additionally, the cultivar differences in secondary compounds and their impact on nitrification rate and N leaching need to be better understood.
Artificial aging of rice using a sterilization box equipped with infrared heating and ultraviolet‐C radiation
Authors: Mahanta Nilkamal , Sharma Laipubam Gayatri , Pandey Lalit M. , Dixit Uday Shanker 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAging of rice starts from the time of its harvest and continues until it is consumed. It positively impacts the cooking and eating qualities of rice, but natural aging takes years. In this study, artificial aging of rice was carried out at 70°C using simultaneous infrared (IR) radiation heating (3.18 × 104 W/m2) for 1, 3, 5, and 7 h and ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) irradiation (49.24 J/cm2‐h) in a designed box. IR heating at 70°C combined with UV‐C irradiation for 5 h was the optimized condition for artificial aging. At optimized conditions, the proportionate change of rice was the highest as 0.21, followed by that for naturally aged (0.15) and non‐aged (0.08). The values of elongation ratio and actual elongation after cooking were the highest in artificial aging, followed by those for naturally aged and non‐aged rice. Water uptake (%) value was also the highest for artificial aging (89.62%), followed by that for naturally aged (68.45%) and non‐aged (59.93%) rice. Furthermore, nutritional values, microstructure, and antibacterial studies were carried out at optimized conditions. No significant changes in nutritional values viz., starch, protein, and fat were observed in artificially aged rice in comparison to one‐year‐old naturally aged rice. Electron microscopy analysis showed no changes in the structure of starch granules, which further revealed no adverse effect of IR radiation heating on the microstructure of rice. Results from the spread plate assay showed no growth of bacterial colony indicating the antibacterial effectiveness of artificial aging. Thus, simultaneous artificial aging as well as surface disinfection of rice can be carried out by combining IR radiation heating and UV‐C irradiation. These observations endorsed the effectiveness of the designed box for the artificial aging of rice without compromising the cooking and nutritional qualities. A preliminary sensory test was conducted. Overall, an efficient, inexpensive, and easy‐to‐handle artificial aging combined with surface disinfection was accomplished.
Comparison of the effect of topical triamcinolone 0.1% cream with sulfur 2.0% cream in the treatment of patients with hand eczema: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Asilian Ali , Mohammadian Parisa , Hosseini Seyed Mohsen , Heidaripour Farzad , Yekta Amir , Nateghi Mohammad Reza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundHand eczema (HE) is a common and heterogeneous condition. It has a wide range of etiologies and clinical manifestations. In this study the efficacy of triamcinolone 0.1% cream and sulfur 2% creams was compared in treating patients with HE.MethodsThis randomized, triple‐blind clinical trial was performed on 70 patients with HE (including 70 right and 70 left hands). In this study, two creams were used including triamcinolone 0.1% and sulfur 2.0%. Patients were treated with these creams twice a day (once in every 12 h) for 4 weeks. Follow‐up was 4 weeks after treatment. Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI), itching, dryness, burning sensation, and erythema scores were collected three times during the study and compared between treatment regimens.ResultsFindings showed that both triamcinolone (0.1%) and sulfur (2.0%) creams could significantly reduce the scores of HECSI, itching, dryness, burning sensation, and erythema, and the therapeutic effects lasted for at least 4 weeks after cessation of topical treatment.ConclusionTopical sulfur cream (2.0%) is as effective as triamcinolone (0.1%) cream in treatment of HE without any prominent adverse reactions.
Diagnostic values of ten methods in patients with onychomycosis: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Yan , Wang Xinwei , Lu Changyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundOnychomycosis, a disease was with a high global prevalence, has been the focal point of this study. The research aims to compare diagnostic efficacy among various methods, including potassium hydroxide (KOH), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), specific colour staining (Chlorazol, lactophenol cotton blue and Chicago sky blue stain), fluorescent staining (calcofluor white stain, acridine orange fluorescent dye), culture on dermatophyte test medium (DTM), conventional PCR, dermoscopy, histopathological examination using PAS stain (HEP‐PAS), real‐time PCR and multiple PCR. This comparison was achieved through a network meta‐analysis involving patients with onychomycosis.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted across eight databases. Subsequently, both direct and indirect evidence were amalgamated to assess sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy. This combination analysis helped to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values of the nine different methods, providing an in‐depth perspective on diagnosing onychomycosis.ResultsThe network meta‐analysis integrated 20 eligible diagnostic trials. The results exhibited that DTM provided higher sensitivity, NPV and accuracy, as indicated by SUCRA values. Meanwhile, DMSO demonstrated higher specificity and positive predictive value in terms of SUCRA values. Among the nine methods, fluorescent staining showcased comparatively superior sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV and accuracy. Furthermore, a cluster analysis indicated that DTM held the highest diagnostic value for sensitivity and accuracy among the nine techniques, with fluorescence staining ranking second.ConclusionThis network meta‐analysis strengthens the evidence suggesting that fluorescence staining exhibits strong diagnostic value in onychomycosis. This finding bears diagnostic implications for onychomycosis.
Assessing the prevalence and potential drivers of food insecurity and the relationship with mental wellbeing in UK university students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Aldubaybi Afnan A. , Coneyworth Lisa J. , Jethwa Preeti H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFood insecurity (FI) among university students in the United States has been associated with poor mental wellbeing, but very little is known about the relationship between FI and mental wellbeing in the UK university population. Here we examined the prevalence of FI, determined potential drivers for it and its relationship with mental wellbeing and coping ability. Students studying at UK universities (n = 289) completed an online self‐reported questionnaire to obtain socio‐economic characteristics including financial status, FI status (Household Food Insecurity Access scale), mental wellbeing (Warwick‐Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale) and coping ability (coping flexibility scale). FI was observed in 28% of the participants and was associated with financial independence, running out of money, borrowing money and lacking confidence to purchase healthy foods (p < 0.05). Although we cannot determine directionality, logistic regression analysis revealed those who were judged as FI were more likely to shop often (OR = 3.139 95% CI 1.533–6.429), never snacked between meals (OR = 4.261 95% CI 1.309–13.875) and the amount of food purchased was affected by perceptions of the price of food in general (OR = 2.954 95% CI 1.675–5.210). Financial instability and the inability to access nutritious food may contribute to the decrease in mental wellbeing (p < 0.01) and lower ability to cope with stressful situations (p < 0.01) in food‐insecure students although the direction of these relationships cannot be determined from this cross‐sectional study. This study has identified that there is a need to develop appropriate strategies to combat FI in university students and to improve mental health.
Creep Behaviour of the Gas Turbine Parts With the Dissimilar Materials
Authors: Sambandam Manoharan , Colantoni Simone 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Gas turbine parts defining the flow-path of the turbine section are normally made of high-grade material due to its severe operating conditions. Transition duct which provides aerodynamic coupling between high-pressure and low-pressure turbine modules define the flow-path and thus are made of high-grade material fabrication. This part is typically subjected to huge thermal and mechanical loads requiring a thorough design assessment to verify the fulfillment with respect to the product requirement. Careful consideration of various design requirements in selection of the material is very vital in keeping the cost of the gas turbine under control while achieving the durability requirements. These parts defining the flow-path are designed in such a way that the thermal induced stress is within the material capability. To achieve this requirement, the part is restrained in such a way that it remains at the desired position during the operation. Despite this consideration, thermal induced stress is unavoidable due the internal constraints wherein one side is exposed to the flue-gas and the other side is exposed to the cooling medium to keep the part’s operating temperature within the material capability. This causes the thermal gradient across the part cross-section resulting in thermal induced stress. Adding to this, the fabrication requires material selection from wrought and cast form to minimize the cost while fulfilling the product requirements. Material capability of these two forms of the same material possess marginally differing material characteristics. Due to these dissimilar material characteristics and the presence of weld material is expected to result in differential thermal expansion and thus significant thermal induced stress at the interface. The stress induced thus poses a limitation and scope of material separation under the extended operation of the gas turbine. Sample case studies using finite element analysis are performed to understand the creep behavior at the interface before application into the finite element analysis of the design under consideration. All the probable combinations of materials and numerical simulations are verified in this case study for a better understanding. The understanding from this case study is applied into the finite element analysis of the transition duct with all the probable material combinations and studied its creep behavior. This structured approach facilitated in completing the design evaluation within the project schedule and keep the cost within the target. This paper is intended to describe the steps followed in studying the creep behavior of the gas turbine transition duct made in dissimilar material.
Gas Turbine Nozzle Repair by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Patel Mihir , Kraleti Pradeep Kumar , Wagh Rahul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
During planned or even unplanned maintenance, timing is key, to quickly return in full operation. Sometimes having quickly, a Component repaired (or replaced) is essential to ensure production and plant profitability. In this context Additive Manufacturing can help to have Turbomachinery Components at the best time possible, with relentless quality and adaption of novel design to improve performance. The Turbomachinery component is defined as the component used in Gas Turbine made by either conventional manufacturing like casting, forging or additive etc., and are designed with complex internal structures which are difficult to repair. A case study on Gas turbine Nozzle trailing edge repair to reduce turnaround time following Baker Hughes rigorous repair qualification process from repair to validation strategy is presented.
Turning Vane FE Model Validation Using Ping Test
Authors: Satheesh Aparna , Santhana Gopalakrishnan Babu , Chippa Anil Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Energy demand in world is ever increasing trend and new gas turbine portfolios is continuing to increase with improved performance, reliability, and efficiency. In new gas turbine development, designs are being developed by numerical, analytical methods with complex assessment and bench marked with previous experiences. As new development in progress, complex designs are being tried out to improve Gas turbine efficiency and performance and in that different variability arises with respect to boundary conditions and loading scenario for various operating conditions. It is important to validate the component behavior both in static behavior and dynamic behavior to predict the durability of that component. Typically, these assessments are being performed using FE analysis to validate the design analytically, but it is also important to match the FE results with past field experience or test data.
This paper discusses design validation of one such component which was introduced in flow path to turn the angle of the air flow in compressor exit. Component which considered for this study is named as Turning Vane which is part of compressor casing in gas turbine. As there is no experience in past available or field data exists to bench mark the design, FE analysis assumptions in boundary conditions are validated using ping test from component assembly. As the name suggests, turning vane is the statoric component which turns the flow to create smoother change in direction of air flow resulting in pressure loss reduction thereby increasing the efficiency of the burning of the fuel during combustion phase. This paper focuses on the pre-test preparation and post processing of test data to validate the model considered. Further, it also describes how the accuracy of FE model with respect to ping test results are arrived at using at using modal assurance criteria number.
FE model constraint and mode shapes are also discussed in this paper. Criteria for finalizing instrumentation location is also discussed in this paper. This paper also focuses on other parameters of test like Auto MAC index, reciprocity test and linearity test.
Gas Turbine Instrumented Exhaust System Structural Assessment
Authors: Sambandam Manoharan , Simoncini Marco , Michal Zielaskowski , Michonski Michal 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
There is a constant demand from the market for the new gas turbines or enhancement of an existing gas turbines. There are several aspects which triggers this market demand, like changing environmental regulations, market competition, energy efficiency, technological advancements, need for fuel flexibility, to name only few. Prototype tests are conducted to validate the design input parameters considered at the time of development and the expected output parameters to gain more confidence of this new gas turbine or enhancement of an existing gas turbine. Typical design input parameters are pressure, temperature, speed, load, etc. and product output parameters are heat rate, efficiency, power output, speed, exhaust temperature values, estimated vibration levels, strain levels, clearance values between rotor to stator parts, etc. Several instrumentations are required at the identified locations of the critical parts and subsystems from the inlet to the exhaust of the gas turbine during the prototype testing. The gas turbine is tested with all these instrumentation with several identified operating conditions, viz. speed, load, etc., to gather actual values of the operating parameters and responses of the subsystem and the parts at these operating conditions. All these instrumentations require modification of the parts for the placement of the instruments and its routing of the cable to the data acquisition system. Pressure probes, thermocouples, strain gages, accelerometer, etc. are placed at the identified locations after necessary modifications are made to the part for installing the instruments. Use of pressure probes and thermocouples for the flow-path measurement needs additional fixtures which are verified for flutter and flow disturbance. All these modified parts and the additional fixtures are validated through appropriate analytical simulations to ensure design robustness for successful test campaign and data acquisition. Exhaust system is one of the vital parts of any gas turbine which facilitate handling the exhaust gas efficiently. Measurement of temperature, pressure and vibration levels are some of the critical parameters needed to ensure design robustness of the exhaust system. This paper is intended to describe the steps followed in performing analytical assessment to achieve design robustness of the instrumented exhaust system.
Performance Prediction of a Swash Plate Piston Pump Using 3D CFD Simulation
Authors: Godavarthi Raghu Vamsee , Maiti Dipak , Ding Hui 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Axial piston pumps are widely used for inlet fogging, wet compression and NOx reduction in gas turbines and also as a part of hydraulic systems in landing gears and brakes of aircraft. These pumps operate at high pressures and flow rates with greater efficiency due to their high power to weight ratio. The design of such high-pressure pumps is challenging as its performance is affected by cavitation/aeration and various leakages among the piston, cylinder block, valve plate, slippers and swash plate at high operating speed.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations provide detailed insights of the flow field and pressure for understanding the performance of a pump and assist in developing an efficient and reliable product in a shorter time. In the present work, the performance of a swash plate piston pump with 9 pistons is simulated at 100bar using 3-D CFD software Simerics-MP+. The rotation and deformation of the pumping chambers along with all the leakage gaps is modeled for accurate prediction of the pump performance. The change in piston displacement as it rotates based on swash plate angle is captured in the simulation. Conformal Adaptive Binary-tree (CAB) algorithm [1] is used to generate a high quality grid dominated by Cartesian cells and the mesh motion is captured through volume remeshing. The governing flow equations are solved using Finite Volume Method (FVM) in Simerics-MP+. The fluid compressibility and cavitation/aeration due to entrained and dissolved air is considered by solving the cavitation model developed by Singhal et al [2] to predict the fill speed accurately. The swash plate angle is varied to predict the change in flow rate at a fixed pump speed. The effect of leakage gaps on the volumetric efficiency of the pump is predicted at different pump speeds. The pump performance at different speeds along with leakage effects, cavitation effects, vapor/gas bubble locations are presented in detail in this study.