bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prehospital interventions and outcomes in traumatic cardiac arrest: a population-based cohort study using the Danish Helicopter Emergency Medical Services data
Authors: Wolthers Signe Amalie , Breindahl Niklas , Jensen Theo Walther , Holgersen Mathias Geldermann , Møller Thea Palsgaard , Blomberg Stig Nikolaj Fasmer , Andersen Lars Bredevang , Mikkelsen Søren , Steinmetz Jacob , Christensen Helle Collatz 
Published: December 2023

Background and importance
Traumatic cardiac arrest is associated with poor prognosis, and timely evidence-based treatment is paramount for increasing survival rates. Physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical service use in major trauma has demonstrated improved outcomes. However, the sparsity of data highlights the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of traumatic cardiac arrest.

Objectives
The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate survival and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and to investigate the characteristics of patients with traumatic cardiac arrest assessed by the Danish HEMS.

Design
This was a population-based cohort study based on data from the Danish helicopter emergency medical service database.

Settings and participants
The study included all patients assessed by the Danish helicopter emergency medical services between 2016 and 2021.

Outcome measures and analysis
Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, non-parametric testing and logistic regression analyses. Descriptive analysis of prehospital interventions included cardiopulmonary resuscitation, defibrillation, airway management, administration of blood products, and thoracic decompression. The primary outcome was 30-day survival, and the key secondary outcome was prehospital ROSC.

Main results
A total of 223 patients with TCA were included. The median age was 54 years (IQR 34–68), and the majority were males. Overall, 23% of patients achieved prehospital ROSC, and the 30-day survival rate was 4%. Factors associated with an increased likelihood of ROSC were an initial shockable cardiac rhythm, odds ratio (OR) of 3.78 (95% CI 1.33–11.00) and endotracheal intubation, OR 7.10 (95% CI 2.55–22.85).

Conclusion
This study highlights the low survival rates observed among patients with traumatic cardiac arrest assessed by helicopter emergency medical services. The findings support the positive impact of an initial shockable cardiac rhythm and endotracheal intubation in improving the likelihood of ROSC. The study contributes to the limited literature on traumatic cardiac arrests assessed by physician-staffed helicopter emergency services. Finally, the findings emphasise the need for further research to understand and improve outcomes in this subgroup of cardiac arrest.
Metabolic imaging in recurrent gliomas: comparative performance of 18F-FDOPA, 18F-fluorocholine and 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Sharma Anshul , Garg Ajay , Singh Manmohan , Sharma Mehar chand , Gupta Subhash , Kunhiparambath Haresh , Tripathi Madhavi , Kale Shashank Sharad , Bal Chandrasekhar 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
The aim of this study was to directly evaluate glucose, amino-acid and membrane metabolism in tumor cells for diagnosis and prognostication of recurrent gliomas.

Methods
Fifty-five patients (median age = 36 years; 33 men) with histologically proven gliomas and suspected recurrence were prospectively recruited and underwent 18F-FDG (Fluorodeoxyglucose), 18F-FDOPA (fluorodopa) and 18F-Fluorocholine-PET/CT. Images were evaluated by two physicians visually and quantitatively [lesion-SUVmax, tumor (T) to gray-matter (G) and metabolically-active tumor volumes (MTV)]. After median follow-up of 51.5 months, recurrence was diagnosed in 49 patients. Thirty-one patients died with a median survival of 14 months.

Results
Diagnostic-accuracies for 18F-FDOPA, 18F-Fluorocholine,18F-FDG and contrast-enhanced-MRI were 92.7% (95% CI 82.7–97.1), 81.8% (69.7–89.8), 45.5% (33.0–58.5) and 44.7% (30.2–60.3), respectively. Among the 20 lesions, missed by MRI; 18F-FDOPA, 18F-Fluorocholine and 18F-FDG were able to detect 19, 14 and 4 lesions. Corresponding area-under-the-curves (T/G ratios) were 0.817 (0.615–1.000), 0.850 (0.736–0.963) and 0.814 (0.658–0.969), when differentiating recurrence from treatment-induced changes. In univariate-survival-analysis, 18F-FDOPA-T/G, visually detectable recurrence in 18F-FDG, 18F-FDOPA-MTV, cell-lineage and treatment-type were significant parameters. In Multivariate-Cox-regression analysis, 18F-FDOPA-MTV [HR = 1.009 (1.001–1.017); P = 0.024 (~0.9% increase in hazard for every mL increase of MTV)] and cell-lineage [3.578 (1.447–8.846); P = 0.006] remained significant. 18F-FDOPA-MTV cutoff <29.59 mL predicted survival higher than 2 years. At cutoff ≥29.59 mL, HR at 2 years was 2.759 (1.310–5.810).

Conclusion
18F-FDOPA-PET/CT can diagnose recurrence with high accuracy and MTV predicts survival. 18F-Fluorocholine is a good alternative. Higher 18F-FDG uptake is an adverse prognostic indicator.
Vulval Aphthous Ulcers in Adolescents Following COVID-19 Vaccination—Analysis of an International Case Series
Authors: Rudolph Annette , Savage Ruth 
Published: December 2023

(Abstracted from J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2023;36:383–392)
The occurrence of vulval aphthous ulcers (VAUs) after COVID-19 vaccinations has been described in a small number of case reports. National and international databases with well-documented case reports for early warnings of unintended adverse effects of the vaccines act as repositories of suspected adverse drug reactions with potential for supporting published case series and case reports.
Management of Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia or Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia
Authors: Boardman Lori , Novetsky Akiva P. , Valea Fidel ,   Committee on Clinical Consensus—Gynecology. This Clinical Consensus was developed by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Committee on Clinical Consensus—Gynecology in collaboration with
Published: December 2023

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2023;142(3))
Endometrial cancer incidence is rising in the United States and disproportionally affects patients based on race, geography, and socioeconomic status. Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) or atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) is often precursor lesions to adenocarcinoma in the endometrium.
Outpatient Foley Catheter for Induction of Labor in Obese Nulliparous Patients: A Secondary Analysis of OFFSITE II Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Seasely Angela R. , Xue Yumo , Ausbeck Elizabeth B. , Jauk Victoria C. , Blanchard Christina T. , Files Pamela , Kuper Spencer C. , Casey Brian M. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Harper Lorie M. , Tita Alan T. , Subramaniam Akila 
Published: December 2023

(Abstracted from Am J Perinatol 2023;40:807–810)
As the rate of elective induction of labor (eIOL) is expected to rise following the ARRIVE (A Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Expectant Management) trial, reducing the time spent on labor and delivery has become a priority. The Outpatient Foley for Starting Induction of Labor at Term in Nulliparous Women (OFFSITE II) randomized controlled trial showed that cervical ripening with a Foley catheter in patients undergoing eIOL reduced the time from admission to delivery by 4.2 hours.
The impact of the implementation of computerized insulin order sets for the control of hyperglycemia in hospitalized cardiac patients
Authors: Kensara Raed Ehsan , Ismail Sherin , Aseeri Mohammed , Hasan Hani , Al Rahimi Jamilah , Zarif Hawazen , El Khansa Sara 
Published: December 2023

Background
Glycemic control is crucial in managing hospitalized patients with type II diabetes (T2DM), and it presents as a clinical challenge in the cardiac population. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the impact of computerized insulin order sets in T2DM hospitalized cardiac patients.

Methods
A quasi-experimental, pre- and post-study design. We included T2DM patients who were hospitalized for at least 3 days. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery were excluded. The primary endpoint was the mean difference in random blood glucose level (BGL) before and after the implementation of insulin order sets. While the secondary endpoints were to compare the median differences in fasting BGLs and the number of hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic episodes during the first 7 days. The study consisted of three phases: pre-implementation, intervention and post-phase. In the intervention phase, insulin order sets were integrated into the electronic prescribing system, and education was provided to the cardiology department. The post-phase included the patient’s post-implementations.

Results
A total of 194 patients were enrolled during the study period. The mean random BGL was 11.17 mmol/L, 95% CI, 10.6–11.7 in the pre-phase and 9.5 mmol/L, 95% CI, 9-1 –9.9 mmol/L in the post-phase (P < 0.001). The median fasting BGL was 9.2 mmol/L (7.4–11.8, IQR) in the pre-phase and 8.5 mmol/L (6.6–10.3, IQR) in the post-phase (P = 0.027). The number of hypoglycemic episodes was 24 in pre-phase and 33 in post-phase (P = 0.13).

Conclusion
The use of computerized insulin order sets was associated with potential improvements in random and fasting glycemic control without increasing the risk of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia.
Nocardia otitidiscaviarum causing pulmonary nocardiosis: a case report and its review of literature
Authors: SRIVASTAVA SAUMYA , SAMADDAR ARGHADIP , KHAN SALMAN , Tak Vibhor , Bohra Gopal Krishna , Sharma Deepak , GHOSH ARNAB , NAG VIJAYA LAKSHMI 
Published: December 2023

Background: Infections caused by Nocardia spp. can occur in immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent individuals. Although nocardiosis is rare, it is being increasingly recognized owing to the rise in occurrence rate over the years. The documentation of pleural involvement in nocardiosis is rare in India.
Case: We report a case of pulmonary nocardiosis in an immunocompromised individual caused by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum.
Discussion: Pulmonary nocardiosis caused by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum may go unnoticed without clinical suspicion. Correct and timely identification is the key to proper patient management.
Conclusion: Coordination between clinicians and microbiologists is necessary for early diagnosis and appropriate management of nocardiosis.
Peritoneal Tuberculosis: An Underestimated Diagnosis
Authors: Laamara Leila , Benaissa Elmostafa , Achemlal Amine , Bounakhla Amal , Bssaibis Fatna , Ben Lahlou Yassine , Maleb Adil , Chadli Mariama , Elouennass Mostafa 
Published: December 2023

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that most often affects the lungs, it is of human-to-human transmission caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and is still a major public health problem worldwide.
In Morocco, a total of 29,327 cases were notified and put on treatment in 2021, as part of the National Tuberculosis Control Program (PNLAT).

We report a case of peritoneal tuberculosis in a young female patient aged 18, who had presented for 10 days with a progressive increase in abdominal volume associated with vomiting and diarrhea.

Due to the exudative and lymphocytic nature of the ascites fluid, a molecular biology PCR GeneXpert® MTB/RIF test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was carried out and found to be positive, leading to the diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis.

The diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis is not always easy, as the clinical signs are often insidious and unspecific. The most common are weight loss, fever and abdominal pain.

Diagnosis must be based on clinical and radiological evidence, but confirmation must be bacteriological and/or histological. Bacterial culture remains the gold standard.

Technological progress, particularly in molecular biology, has provided clinicians with new tools of diagnosing tuberculosis. The GeneXpert® test, approved for use by the WHO in December 2010. GeneXpert® has also made it possible to detect resistance to Rifampicin.
In an endemic area, any unusual presentation of abdominal enlargement should raise suspicion of peritoneal tuberculosis to ensure timely therapeutic intervention. The management of peritoneal tuberculosis is multidisciplinary and requires coordination between physicians, bacteriologists and surgeons.
New genetic loci discovery for Alzheimer’s disease using explainable deep neural networks
Authors: Gkertsou Christina , Parameshwarappa Anitha Kugur , Shiyanbola Abdurrahman , Balkhiyarova Zhanna , Kouchaki Samaneh , Prokopenko Inga , Lagou Vasiliki , Demirkan Ayse 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shed light on various complex diseases and traits, by detecting more than 400,000 associated genetic loci. This number is expected to drastically increase because of the use of novel artificial intelligence methods offering new ways to study the effects of variants. Deep learning using artificial neural networks (ANN) is a sub-field of artificial intelligence, which simulates how the human brain learns. We aimed at assessing the potential of deep learning in human genetic studies of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and how these compare to the traditional statistical methods used in GWAS, by simultaneously testing the two approaches on the same dataset, while discovering new genetic loci associated to AD.MethodsTo address this aim, phenotypic and genome-wide SNP data from the UK Biobank was analysed on a binary outcome, AD diagnosis, in two different data balance options, of one-to-one and one-to-two case-control datasets, using 2,764 cases vs 2,764 controls and 5,528 controls respectively matched on gender, age, ethnicity, PC1-20 and genotyping array. Genetic data handling and GWAS were performed using PLINK, whereas neural networks were trained using GenNet, a new ANN tool, with the same datasets, separated into training (60%), validation (20%) and test (20%) sets. Neural network layers were determined using biological knowledge, by annotating SNPs to genes and genes to AD related pathways, using ANNOVAR annotations followed by GeneSCF and KEGG.ResultsSignificant associations were detected between four SNPs linked to two different genes and AD for the 1 to 1 case-control study design and six SNPs linked to four different genes for the 1 to 2 case-control study design by using PLINK. All identified regions have been previously associated to AD. GenNet identified twelve SNPs on seven genes to be associated with AD, all with biological plausibility, achieving an AUC of 0.80 when using three biologically determined layers and 0.73 when using two layers at the neural networks. No common top SNPs were identified between the machine learning and GWAS models.ConclusionThis is one of the first studies attempting to compare the traditional GWAS to more sophisticated state-of-art methods for understanding the genetic architecture of complex phenotypes using the same dataset. More systematic comparisons with such approaches on real data are needed to enable best practises for machine learning in the analysis of genome-wide genetic data.
Association of cardiac biomarkers, kidney function, and mortality among adults with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Claudel Sophie E. , Waikar Sushrut S. , Gopal Deepa M. , Verma Ashish 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe performance of high sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTnT), hs-cTnI, and N-terminal pro-hormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is poorly understood.MethodsWe included adults with CKD (eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2) in the 1999-2004 NHANES. We calculated the 99thpercentile of hs-cTnT, hs-cTnI (Abbott, Ortho, and Siemens assays), and NT-proBNP, measured the association between eGFR and cardiac biomarker concentration, and used Cox regression models to assess the relationship between cardiac biomarkers and CVD mortality.ResultsAcross 1,068 adults with CKD, the mean [SD] age was 71.9[12.7] years and 61.2% were female; 78.8% had elevated NT-proBNP and 42.6% had elevated hs-cTnT based on traditional clinical reference limits. The 99thpercentile of hs-cTnT was 122 ng/L (95% confidence interval (CI) 101-143), hs-cTnIAbbottwas 69 ng/L (95% CI 38-99), and NT-proBNP was 8952 pg/mL (95% CI 7506-10,399). A 10 ml/min decrease in eGFR was associated with greater increases in hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP than hs-cTnI (hs-cTnT: 27.5% increase (β=27.5, 95% CI 28.2-43.3)), NT-proBNP 46.0% increase (β=46.0, 95% CI 36.0-56.8), hs-cTnISiemens17.9% (β=17.9, 95% CI 9.7-26.7). Each doubling of hs-cTnT, hs-cTnI, and NT-proBNP were associated with CVD mortality (hs-cTnT HR 1.62 [95% CI 1.32-1.98],p<0.0001; hs-cTnISiemensHR 1.40 [95% CI 1.26-1.55],p<0.0001; NT-proBNP HR 1.29 [95% CI 1.19-1.41],p<0.0001).Conclusions and RelevanceCommunity dwelling adults with CKD have elevated concentrations of cardiac biomarkers, above established reference ranges. Of the troponin assays, hs-cTnI concentration appears to be most stable across eGFR categories and is associated with CVD mortality.Clinical PerspectiveWhat is new?This study investigated two important questions relevant to clinical practice. First, which cardiac biomarker (hs-cTnT or hs-cTnI) and which assay is least impacted eGFR in patients with CKD. Second, whether elevated levels of cardiac biomarkers in community-dwelling patients convey prognostic information in CKD in a more representative population.Community dwelling adults with CKD have elevated concentrations of cardiac biomarkers, above established reference ranges. Of the troponin assays, hs-CTnI concentration appears to be most stable across the eGFR categories and is associated with CVD mortality in individuals with CKD.What are the clinical implications?Community dwelling adults with CKD had elevated levels of cardiac biomarkers suggestive of subclinical myocardial injury, which were associated with increased risk of cardiovascular death.hs-cTnI was least affected by eGFR and retained prognostic significance, suggesting that it may be the superior assay for clinical use in CKD.
Feasibility of cognitive neuroscience data collection during a speleological expedition
Authors: Paas Anita , Jourde Hugo R. , Brignol Arnaud , Savard Marie-Anick , Eyqvelle Zseyvfin , Bassetto Samuel , Beltrame Giovanni , Coffey Emily B.J. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTIn human cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology studies, laboratory-based research tasks have been important to establish principles of brain function and its relationship to behaviour; however, they differ greatly from real-life experiences. Several elements of real-life situations that impact human performance, such as stressors, are difficult or impossible to replicate in the laboratory. Expeditions offer unique possibilities for studying human cognition in complex environments that can transfer to other situations with similar features. For example, as caves share several of the physical and psychological challenges of safety-critical environments such as spaceflight, underground expeditions have been developed as an analogue for astronaut training purposes, suggesting that they might also be suitable for studying aspects of behaviour and cognition that cannot be fully examined under laboratory conditions. While a large range of topics and tools have been proposed for use in such environments, few have been evaluated in the field. We tested the feasibility of collecting human physiological, cognitive, and subjective experience data concerning brain state, sleep, cognitive workload, and fatigue, during a speleological expedition in a remote region. We document our approaches and challenges experienced, and provide recommendations and suggestions to aid future work. The data support the idea that cave expeditions are relevant naturalistic paradigms that offer unique possibilities for cognitive neuroscience to complement laboratory work and help improve human performance and safety in operational environments.
Sperm fertility in mice with oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia restored byin vivoinjection and electroporation of naked mRNA
Authors: Vilpreux Charline , Martinez Guillaume , Fourquin Paul , Court Magali , Appaix Florence , Duteyrat Jean-Luc , Henry Maxime , Vollaire Julien , Ayad Camille , Yavuz Altan , Macedo Lisa De , Chevalier Geneviève , Llano Edgar Del , Lambert Emeline , Conte Sekou Ahmed , Wehbe Zeina , Giordani Elsa , Josserand Véronique , Brocard Jacques , Charles Coutton , Verrier Bernard , Ray Pierre F. , Loeuillet Corinne , Arnoult Christophe , Escoffier Jessica 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOligo-astheno-teratozoospermia (OAT), a recurent cause of male infertility, is the most frequent disorder of spermatogenesis with a probable genetic cause. Patients and mice bearing mutations in theARMC2gene have a decreased sperm concentration, and individual sperm show multiple morphological defects and a lack of motility – a canonical OAT phenotype. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is required to treat such a condition but it is associated with a small increase in birth defects in comparison to pregnancies not involving assisted conception . Consequently, new targeted treatments are needed to restore fertility. Here, a combination ofin vivoinjection and electroporation of capped and poly-A-tailed naked mRNA is tested as a strategy to treatARMC2-related infertility in mouse. mRNAs coding for several reporter genes are tested and the efficiency and the kinetic of expression are assessed usingin vivoandin vitro2D and 3D imaging experiments. We show that mRNA-coded reporter proteins are detected for up to 3 weeks in germ cells, making the use of mRNA possible to treat infertility. We compare these results with those obtained with a non-integrative plasmid Enhanced Episomal Vector (EEV), which induces low and transient expression in spermatogenic cells. Consequently, injection and electroporation of naked mRNA-Armc2into the testes ofArmc2-deficient males were performed and we show the presence of normal and motile sperm in the epididymis. These motile sperm were able to produce embryos by IVF and ICSI. This study shows for the first time that mRNA-Armc2efficiently restores fertility and opens new paths for male infertility treatment.