bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged headache with vaccine- and dose-specific headache pattern associated with vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with migraine
Authors: Kuan Ai Seon , Chen Shih-Pin , Wang Yen-Feng , Wang Shuu-Jiun 
Published: October 2023

Objective To examine SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-related headache characteristics and risk factors in migraine patients. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 732 migraine patients who had AstraZeneca Vaxzevria, Pfizer-BioNTech Comirnaty, or Moderna Spikevax vaccines. Participants provided information through questionnaires and headache diaries. Headache frequency before and after vaccination and factors associated with headache risk were examined. Results Approximately a third of patients reported increased headache the day after having primary and booster doses, with mean increase ± SD of 1.9 ± 1.2 and 1.8 ± 1.1 days/week, respectively. Proportions of migraine patients with headache (after vaccination vs. before vaccination) increased after having primary-dose Vaxzevria (35.3% vs. 22.8%, p < 0.001) but not Spikevax (23.8% vs. 26.7%, p = 0.700) or Comirnaty (33.2% vs. 25.8%, p = 0.058). Headache proportion increased after having all three boosters (Vaxzevria 27.1% vs. 17.9% p = 0.003; Comirnaty 34.1% vs. 24.5% p = 0.009; Spikevax 35.2% vs. 24.8% p = 0.031). For primary dose with Vaxzevria and Comirnaty, headache risk increased on the vaccination day, peaked on the day after vaccination, and subsided within a week, while for Spikevax headache risk rose gradually after vaccination, peaked on the seventh post-vaccination day and subsided subsequently. For booster dose, headache risk generally increased on the vaccination day, peaked on the day after vaccination, and subsided gradually with fluctuating pattern within a month. Our study also showed that headache increased on the day before primary dose but not booster dose vaccination and it may be attributable to stress associated with having to undertake new vaccines. Multivariable analyses showed that depression was associated with headache. Conclusion Prolonged headache with vaccine- and dose-specific headache pattern was found. Patients with higher risks of vaccine-related headache must be informed of the potential worsening headache.
Community Clustering of Food Insecurity and Malnutrition Associated With Systemic Drivers in Chad
Authors: Luc Gwenaelle , Keita Modibo , Houssoube Fata , Wabyona Edgar , Constant Alain , Bori Assad , Sadik Kareem , Marshak Anastasia , Osman Abdal Monium 
Published: October 2023

Background: Chad suffers from protracted hunger, facing high food insecurity (Integrated Food Security Phase Classification 3 and above), and acute malnutrition levels that surpass the emergency threshold (15% global acute malnutrition) yearly. The Food Security Sector, with European Union support, leads an inclusive effort to increase synergy between humanitarian, development, and peace-building actors to understand and address drivers of hunger. Objective: To understand the spatial distribution of child wasting and household food insecurity and systemic drivers (conflict, livelihoods, vegetation, cultural norms) as well as better understand the relationship between child wasting and household food insecurity in Kanem and Bahr el Ghazal (BeG) region, Chad, with the goal of improving nexus programming and targeting. Methods: A cross-sectional randomized cluster survey was conducted in August 2021 in Kanem and BeG across 86 villages, reaching 7002 households and 6136 children. Data were collected on child anthropometry, household food security, and livelihoods. Using mixed methods, primary data were triangulated with secondary geospatial data on vegetation index and conflicts as well as qualitative interviews with local actors. Analysis was conducted using comparison tests, linear and logistic crude, and adjusted models, as well as looking at the design effect as a measure of clustering of outcomes at the community level. Results: The geospatial distribution of hunger indicators shows child wasting and food insecurity are highly clustered. However, communities with a high prevalence of child wasting were not those with the highest levels of food insecurity, indicating different pathways. Clustering of food insecurity and child wasting is due to basic drivers of conflict, health, and seasonal access to natural resources. Conclusions: The high levels of food insecurity and child wasting are each concentrated in specific survey clusters and are not necessarily connected. They result from different causal pathways at the community level linked to the systemic drivers of the rule of access to natural resources, environmental seasonality, and livelihoods. This suggests a greater need for an integrated humanitarian, development, and peace-building interventions to address the persistent high prevalence of food insecurity and child wasting. It also suggests that these community-level and systemic drivers require greater consideration from the start in research design and data collection.
Restoring Food Systems with Nutritious Native Plants: Experiences from the African Drylands
Authors: Sacande Moctar , Muir Giulia 
Published: October 2023

Background: Twenty-seven African countries have committed to restore more than 100 million hectares of degraded land by 2030 as part of the African Forest Landscape Restoration Initiative (AFR100). In addition, for the same period of time, the African-led Great Green Wall initiative seeks to restore 100 million hectares of degraded agro-sylvo-pastoral lands in the Sahel. The current UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030) moreover marks an unprecedented opportunity to shape future landscapes, and forge more biodiverse and nutritious food systems. Yet most large-scale restoration actions continue to be largely isolated from socioeconomic challenges facing dryland communities, not least food security and acute malnutrition. Such isolations contribute to low restoration successes and outcomes in Africa’s drylands. At the same time, international interventions aimed at improving acute malnutrition in the drylands have not adequately considered the agriculture-nutrition linkages, particularly “pre-farm gate”—including consumption pathways which optimize the use of native plant diversity. Objectives: This article identifies priority action areas emerging from experiences over 5 years of restoration activities carried out in the Sahel through Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) Action Against Desertification Programme supporting the implementation of Africa’s Great Green Wall. These actions aim to inform development and humanitarian interventions on the ground to render restoration interventions nutrition-sensitive and hence more effective in practice. Results: Recognizing the symbiotic relationship between landscapes and livelihoods, FAO developed a blueprint for large-scale restoration that combines biophysical and socioeconomic aspects for the benefit of rural communities. The approach builds climate and nutritional resilience into its restoration interventions as a preventative approach to reverse land degradation and ultimately improve livelihoods, food security, and nutrition. Conclusions: FAO’s experience demonstrated that what is planted and when has the potential to not only significantly improve biodiversity and reverse land degradation, but also positively influence nutrition outcomes. Future interventions in the drylands must involve joint efforts between nutritionists and natural resource managem prove both human and planetary health.
The Livestock for Health Study: A Field Trial on Livestock Interventions to Prevent Acute Malnutrition Among Women and Children in Pastoralist Communities in Northern Kenya
Authors: Thumbi Samuel M. , Muema Josphat , Mutono Nyamai , Njuguna Joseph , Jost Christine , Boyd Erin , Tewoldeberhan Daniel , Mutua Immaculate , Gacharamu George , Wambua Francis , Allport Rob , Olesambu Emmanuella , Osman Abdal Monium , Souza Darana , Kimani Irene , Oyugi Julius , Bukania Zipporah , Oboge Harriet , Palmer Guy H. , Yoder Jonathan 
Published: October 2023

Background: Livestock-dependent communities in Africa’s drylands disproportionately experience acute malnutrition, especially during drought seasons. We detail the design and implementation of the Livestock for Health (L4H) study aimed at determining the effect of providing livestock feed and nutritional counselling to prevent seasonal spikes of acute malnutrition. Methods: The L4H study employed a 3-arm cluster randomized controlled trial to compare households in pastoralist settings in northern Kenya receiving livestock feeds during critical dry periods, with or without nutritional counseling, with control households. Over 4 dry seasons, 2019 to 2021, the study collected data on household milk production, consumption patterns, mothers’/children’s nutritional status, household socioeconomic status, herd dynamics, and human and animal health status every 6 weeks. Results: L4H recruited 1734 households, with 639, 585, and 510 households assigned to intervention arms 1 and 2 and control arm 3, respectively. From these households, 1734 women and 1748 children younger than 3 years were recruited. In total, 19 419 household visits were completed, obtaining anthropometric measures 9 times on average for each child and mother. Eighty-one households (5%) were lost from the study due to the mother’s death, child’s death, migration, and withdrawal for other reasons. Discussion: L4H’s success in a challenging environment was possible due to strong community engagement, formative studies to inform trial design, collaboration with local authorities, and effective interdisciplinary collaboration. Subsequent manuscripts will report the study findings. Trial Registration: The study was registered October 29, 2020, and is online at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04608656).
Forecasting Seasonal Acute Malnutrition: Setting the Framework
Authors: N. Naumova Elena 
Published: October 2023

Background: Malnutrition is an umbrella term that refers to an impairment in nutrition indicative of subsequently compromised human well-being. The term covers the full spectrum of nutritional impairments from a small yet detectable departure from a “norm” to a terminal stage when severe malnutrition could result in death. This broad spectrum of nutritional departures from “the optimum” dictates the need for an ensemble of metrics to capture the complexity of involved mechanisms, risk factors, precipitating events, short-term, and long-term consequences. Ideally, these metrics should be universally applicable to vulnerable populations, settings, ages, and times when people are most susceptible to malnutrition. We should be able to characterize and intervene to minimize the risk of malnutrition, especially child acute malnutrition that could be assessed by anthropometric measurements. Objectives: The main challenge in reaching such an ambitious goal is the complexity of measuring, characterizing, explaining, predicting, and preventing malnutrition at any dimension: temporal or spatial and at any scale: a person or a group. The expansive body of literature has been accumulated on many temporal aspects of malnutrition and seasonal changes in nutritional (anthropometric) status. The research community is now shifting their attention to predictive modeling of child malnutrition and its importance for clinical and public health interventions. This communication aims to provide an overview of challenges for understanding child malnutrition from a perspective of predictive modeling focusing on well-documented seasonal variations in nutritional outcomes and exploring “the systems approach” to tackle underlining conceptual and practical complexities to forecast seasonal malnutrition in an accurate and timely manner. This generalized approach to forecasting seasonal malnutrition is then applied specifically to child acute malnutrition.
Ocular hemodynamics in epileptic children treated with antiepileptic drugs
Authors: Gultutan Pembe , Nalcacioglu Pinar , Icoz Mehmet , Yilmaz Deniz , Citak Kurt Aysegul Nese 
Published: October 2023

Purpose To evaluate the quantitative measurements obtained for vessel density (VD) of the optic nerve head, macula, peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (p-RNFL) and total retinal thicknesses (Trt) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and the choroidal vascular structure using an image binarization method in children with epilepsy using three different antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and to compare these measurements with healthy participants. Methods This observational, cross-sectional study included 124 patients divided into 4 groups: Group-1: patients receiving carbamazepine(n = 30), group-2: patients receiving levetiracetam (n = 31), group-3: patients receiving valproic acid (n = 32), and group 4: healthy controls (n = 31).A fully automated microstructural analysis of the VD of the retinal superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and the choriocapillaris (CC) layers and radial peripapillary capillary, and Trt, p-RNFL thickness were analyzed by using OCT-A. Enhanced depth imaging (EDI)-OCT scans of the macula were obtained and the images were binarized using the ImageJ software. Results The mean age, gender distribution and the duration of epilepsy were similar in all groups. Evaluation of the p-RNFL thickness and perifoveal Trt between the groups showed a statistically significant difference in all quadrants.The p-RNFL thickness was lower in patients receiving carbamazepine and valproic acid. The lowest values of the luminal area and choroidal vascular index (CVI) were found in patients receiving valproic acid; comparison with matched healthy controls showed statistically significant differences. Conclusion Valproic acid and carbamazepine are associated with thinning of the p-RNFL in epilepsy patients, but the macular and radial peripapillary VD were not affected.However, a reduction of choroidal vascular blood flow was found in epilepsy patients taking valproic acid.
Experiences of ethnic minoritised young people in a specialist child and adolescent mental health service: A qualitative analysis as part of a mixed methods service evaluation
Authors: Sarr Rachel 
Published: October 2023

Background There have been several reports of inequalities for ethnic minoritised service users across National Health Service mental health services in the United Kingdom. This research aims to explore the perspectives and experiences of young people from ethnic minoritised groups accessing psychological therapy in a National Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service in England. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted to investigate how young people perceived their ethnicity and how it was considered during psychological therapy. Nine young people were interviewed, and a thematic analysis was conducted. Results Qualitative analysis revealed five themes: (1) adolescence, ethnicity, and identity; (2) ethnicity as a meaningful part of the therapeutic intervention; (3) therapeutic alliance to facilitate dialogue; (4) aversion to ethnicity exploration; and (5) treading lightly: a fine line between sensitive and overly cautious. Conclusions The study illustrated the complexity of considering ethnicity in therapy due to conflicting views and preferences and the need for further research.
Online learning experiences of social work students in India
Authors: Krishnan S. Rama Gokula , Joseph Jeffine J. 
Published: October 2023

Summary Ever since the pandemic first broke out in 2020, there has been a swift shift from offline to online mode of education. The present study is aimed at examining the online learning experience among a sample of social work students in India (n = 202) in order to understand the crucial factors that can help improve their learning experience and so that they become effective social workers in the future. Findings The results have highlighted several independent factors such as the mode of connecting to the internet, number of hours of online classes per day, type of field work, rural/urban location of the students, and hours of sleep, among other variables, that are significantly associated with important indicators of the online learning experience of students. Applications The results point to the urgent need to reduce the number of hours of online classes, educate students on the importance of sleep, improve internet accessibility along affordability of learning tools such as laptops, especially for those residing in rural areas, and promote classroom discussion during online classes, so as to improve the online learning experience of social work students in India and to produce effective social work practitioners.
The Launch of the iCoDE-2 Standard Project: Integration of Connected Diabetes Device Data Into the Electronic Health Record
Authors: Aaron Rachel E. , Tian Tiffany , Yeung Andrea M. , Huang Jingtong , Klonoff David C. , Espinoza Juan C. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Diabetes Technology Society virtually hosted the first meeting of the Integration of Connected Diabetes Device Data Into the Electronic Health Record #2 (iCoDE-2) Standards Project on May 31, 2023, via Zoom. Methods: Clinicians, patients, data aggregators, informaticists, manufacturers, attorneys, and cybersecurity experts discussed dosing data currently available from insulin delivery devices and data aggregators and the types of information that patients and clinicians want to see. This information along with technical and regulatory aspects of (1) data standards and (2) integration into the electronic health record (EHR) are the basis of iCoDE-2. Results: Six sessions were hosted discussing themes including (1) What’s Currently Available: The Continuous Glucose Monitor Experience; (2) What’s Currently Available: The Aggregator Experience; (3) What’s Currently Available: The Insulin Pump Experience; (4) What’s Currently Available: The Insulin Pen Experience; (5) What Do Clinicians and Patients Want Out of iCoDE-2 Data?; and (6) Technical and Regulatory Aspects of Data Aggregation. Conclusion: Additional working group meetings to discuss data standard and clinical workflow will be held to create additional technical specifications and clinical workflows to aid in insulin dosing data integration into the EHR. A mid-project meeting will convene in the second half of 2023.
Navigating Migration Risks: The Role of Risk Perception and Information Engagement Among Moldovans
Authors: Bogdan Ludmila 
Published: October 2023

Executive Summary This study examines migration risk perception and information engagement by potential migrants from Moldova. Employing a qualitative interview approach ( N = 30), it explores the behaviors, intentions, and perceptions that underpin how potential migrants understand labor migration risks. It establishes a robust connection between risk perception and the active pursuit of pertinent information. The study offers a matrix that illustrates the interplay between migration risk perception (high vs. low) and type of risk (individual vs. systemic). It finds that respondents in the High Risk — Systemic group refrain from seeking information, viewing all migration as inherently highly risky due to systemic factors beyond their control. The Low Risk — Systemic group believes migration carries relatively low risks, but that these risks are not individually manageable. The Low Risk — Individual group engages passively with safe migration information because of their perception of low risk. The High Risk — Individual group actively seeks information about safe migration, believing that they can overcome potential risks. In short, the study finds that potential migrants’ perception and understanding of risk shapes their engagement with safe migration information. The study also highlights gender disparities in risk perception and response. While women emphasize concerns tied to sexual exploitation and separation from family, men are more likely to fear fatal accidents and industry-specific exploitation. The study’s findings should inform the development of policy frameworks and migration information campaigns that reflect diverse perceptions and understandings of migration risk. Policy Recommendations: To mitigate migration risks and promote safer practices, policymakers at various levels, including the Moldovan government, international agencies (e.g., IOM, UNHCR, and ILO), non-governmental organizations (like LaStrada), and EU bodies, should: Tailor public education and communication campaigns for diverse risk factors, using different messaging for varying risk perceptions. Address gender-specific concerns with practical advice and resources. Develop comprehensive risk awareness programs covering physical, emotional, and psychological challenges. Use diverse channels (hotlines, online platforms, and workshops) to reach a broader audience. Strengthen embassy services, ensuring staff are informed about migration risks, challenges, and effective outreach and education strategies. Collaborate with mental health professionals to provide psychosocial support. Engage returnee migrants as credible sources of information and advice. Include migration topics in school curricula to enhance migration risk preparedness. By acknowledging risk perception and adapting information strategies accordingly, policymakers at international, regional, and local levels can create effective initiatives and communicating strategies for secure migration.
Employee Group Coaching Program for University and Hospital Employees During COVID-19: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Westervelt Karen , Rose Gail L. , Avery Scott , Celley Alisha , Cho Josh , Donoghue Rory , Goodrich Brennan 
Published: October 2023

Background Workplace wellbeing programs can be beneficial but range widely in approach. A group coaching model offers numerous benefits. Objective To evaluate feasibility of group coaching for employees during COVID-19. Methods Employees (n = 29) at a university and university hospital underwent a 12-week group coaching program. Measurements of feasibility -- including enrollment, attendance at sessions goal attainment and satisfaction -- and exploratory outcomes including perceived physical and mental health and stress were administered at beginning, middle, and end of the program, plus 2 follow-ups. Results Twenty-six of the 29 program enrollees (96% women; 65% university employees) opted to complete surveys at 1 or more time points, and 9 individuals completed surveys at all 5 time points. Median attendance was 9 sessions. Participants opted to focus on movement, nutrition and mind/body goals and all participants reported making progress toward their goal during the program. Exploratory wellness outcomes showed meaningful improvements in perceived physical and mental health and reduced stress during the program, with return to near baseline 12 weeks after program completion. Perceptions of workplace wellness culture varied by employer. Conclusion Despite pandemic-related disruptions to life, work, and health, online group coaching is feasible and acceptable to participants. The program should be replicated to evaluate whether the improvements in exploratory wellness outcomes observed during the program are statistically significant. The apparent return to baseline levels by 24 weeks suggests that post-program maintenance support may be helpful.