bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of thermal processing on the IgE reactivity of the non‐specific lipid transfer protein from apple, Mal d 3
Authors: Sancho A. I. , Rigby N. M. , Zuidmeer L. , Asero R. , Mistrello G. , Amato S. , González‐Mancebo E. , Fernández‐Rivas M. , van Ree R. , Mills E. N. C. 
Published: August 2005

Background:  Non‐specific lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are involved in allergy to fresh and processed fruits. We have investigated the effect of thermal treatment and glycation on the physico‐chemical and IgE‐binding properties of the LTP from apple (Mal d 3).Methods:  Mal d 3 was purified from apple peel and the effect of heating in the absence and presence of glucose investigated by CD spectroscopy, electrospray and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. IgE reactivity was determined by RAST and immunoblot inhibition, SPT and basophil histamine release test.Results:  The identity and IgE reactivity of purified Mal d 3 was confirmed. Mild heat treatment (90°C, 20 min) in the absence or presence of glucose did not alter its IgE reactivity. More severe heat treatment (100°C, 2 h) induced minor changes in protein structure, but a significant decrease in IgE‐binding (30‐fold) and biological activity (100‐ to 1000‐fold). Addition of glucose resulted in up to four glucose residues attached to Mal d 3 and only a 2‐ and 10‐fold decrease of IgE‐binding and biological activity, respectively.Conclusions:  Only severe heat treatment caused a significant decrease in the allergenicity of Mal d 3 but glycation had a protective effect. The presence of sugars in fruits may contribute to the thermostability of the allergenic activity of LTP in heat‐processed foods.
Association study of mast cell chymase polymorphisms with atopy
Authors: Weidinger S. , Rümmler L. , Klopp N. , Wagenpfeil S. , Baurecht H. J. , Fischer G. , Holle R. , Gauger A. , Schäfer T. , Jakob T. , Ollert M. , Behrendt H. , Wichmann H. E. , Ring J. , Illig T. 
Published: August 2005

Background:  Atopic disorders are the result of complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Associations analyses between the promoter polymorphism rs1800875 in the mast cell chymase gene (CMA1) and atopy‐related phenotypes have yielded inconsistent results.Methods:  We sequenced the CMA1 locus in 24 unrelated healthy individuals with serum IgE levels <50% percentile and 24 individuals with atopic eczema and serum IgE levels >90% percentile. Seven CMA1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were evaluated for evidence of associations with atopic phenotypes within a large population of German adults (n = 1875). Subjects were phenotyped by standardized questionnaires and interviews, skin prick testing and serum IgE measurements. Genotyping was performed using MALDI‐TOF MS (Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight mass spectrometry).Results:  Promoter polymorphism rs1800875 was significantly associated with atopic eczema. No associations between any other single SNP and atopic phenotypes could be detected. Haplotype reconstruction revealed four of 128 possible haplotypes reaching estimated frequencies of 3% or more. Two of these haplotypes showed a borderline‐significant association with atopic eczema, which did not remain significant after correction for multiple testing.Conclusions:  Results confirm previous observations of a significant association between the CMA1 promoter polymorphism rs1800875 and atopic eczema, but not with serum IgE levels, and support the hypothesis that CMA1 serves as candidate gene for atopic eczema.
Human mast cells release Interleukin‐8 and induce neutrophil chemotaxis on contact with activated T cells
Authors: Salamon P. , Shoham N. G. , Gavrieli R. , Wolach B. , Mekori Y. A. 
Published: August 2005

Background:  Mast cells have recently been shown to control neutrophil recruitment during T‐cell mediated cutaneous DTH reaction in vivo through TNF‐α and MIP‐2, the functional murine analogue of human IL‐8. Although the nature of signals transmitted from T cells which activate mast cells has not yet been defined, we hypothesized that a direct cross‐talk (i.e. heterotypic adhesion) between these two cell populations exists, as has previously been reported.Aims:  The present study was aimed at gaining insight into the functional role of mast cell–T cell contact in expression and release of IL‐8, and its effect on neutrophil chemotaxis.Methods:  The IL‐8 gene expression was identified by Affymetrix GeneChip arrays, validated by RT‐PCR and the protein measured by ELISA. Chemotaxis was evaluated by using a modified Boyden chamber assay.Results:  Mast cells were found to express and release significantly higher concentrations of IL‐8 on incubation with membranes obtained from activated, as compared to resting T cells. Supernatants obtained from these activated mast cells induced significant neutrophil chemotaxis that was inhibited by neutralizing mAb to IL‐8.Conclusions:  Thus, activated T cells, on heterotypic adhesion to mast cells, deliver the necessary signals for the latter to release cytokines and chemokines necessary for cell migration to sites of antigen challenge, thereby facilitating T‐cell mediated inflammatory processes.
In vivo relationship between collagenase‐2 and interleukin‐8 but not tumour necrosis factor‐α in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis
Authors: Kostamo K. , Sorsa T. , Leino M. , Tervahartiala T. , Alenius H. , Richardson M. , Toskala E. 
Published: August 2005

Background:  The characteristic feature of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is eosinophilic inflammation of the sinus mucosa; a type of inflammation also seen in asthmatic airways. Similar histopathologic findings of airway remodelling are present in both diseases. Remodelling is tightly controlled by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Increase of collagenase‐2 (MMP‐8) expression in the bronchial epithelial cells has been described in asthmatic patients, but it has not been studied in CRSwNP.Methods:  The concentrations and degree of activation of MMP‐8 were analysed by immunofluorometric assay and Western blotting, respectively, in sinus mucus samples from CRSwNP patients and in nasal lavages from healthy controls in relation to inductive cytokines interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α).Results:  Significantly elevated levels of MMP‐8 and IL‐8 but not TNF‐α were found in CRSwNP patients relative to controls. In particular, the activation of mesenchymal‐type MMP‐8 but not polymorphonuclear‐type MMP‐8 was associated with elevated IL‐8 levels.Conclusions:  The IL‐8 and MMP‐8 seemingly form an inductive cytokine‐proteinase cascade in CRSwNP pathogenesis. Together they provide a target for novel therapies and a diagnostic tool for monitoring CRSwNP treatment.
Defining childhood atopic phenotypes to investigate the association of atopic sensitization with allergic disease
Authors: Kurukulaaratchy R. J. , Matthews S. , Arshad S. H. 
Published: August 2005

Aims: Although atopic sensitization is common in childhood, its relationship to clinical allergic disease remains incompletely understood. We therefore sought to explore this relationship by defining sensitization based atopic phenotypes.Methods: Children were recruited at birth (n = 1456) and reviewed at 1, 2, 4 and 10 years. Skin prick testing (SPT) to common allergens was done at 4 (n = 980) and 10 years (n = 1036) with lung function (n = 981), bronchial challenge (n = 784) and serum IgE (n = 953) testing at 10. Atopic phenotypes were defined, by sensitization pattern, for children with SPT at both 4 and 10 years (n = 823).Results: Of phenotyped children, 68.0% were never atopic, 4.3% early childhood atopic (only atopic at age 4), 16.5% chronic childhood atopics (at 4 and 10 years) and 11.2% delayed childhood atopics (only at 10). Never atopics showed small but identifiable prevalence of allergic diseases such as asthma, eczema and rhinitis. Amongst allergen‐sensitized subjects, aeroallergen predominated over food sensitization throughout childhood. Chronic childhood atopics showed highest prevalence of lifetime plus persistent wheeze, eczema and rhinitis, increased prevalence of aeroallergen sensitization, some evidence of persistent food sensitization, significantly greater cord IgE than never atopics (P = 0.006), plus higher total IgE (P < 0.001) and bronchial hyper‐responsiveness (P < 0.001) at 10 years than other phenotypes.Conclusion: A proportion of childhood eczema, rhinitis and asthma is nonatopic. The commonest childhood pattern of atopy is chronic sensitization, associated with early, persisting and clinically significant allergic disease. The currently accepted childhood ‘Allergic March’ may oversimplify the natural history of childhood atopy and allergic disease.
Asthma in medium altitude – exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction in hypobaric environment in subjects with asthma
Authors: Berntsen S. , Stensrud T. , Ingjer F. , Vilberg A. , Carlsen K.‐H. 
Published: August 2005

Background:  Hypoxic gas inhalation has been reported to enhance airway responsiveness and results in bronchoconstriction in animal models and in humans with asthma. However, the data have so far been conflicting. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of reduced barometric pressure on exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in subjects with asthma.Methods:  Twenty subjects (10–45 years old, ♂/♀ = 13/7) with asthma (at least 10% reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1‐second postexercise) participated in exercise testing in barometric pressure corresponding to altitudes of 200 (normobaric) and 2500 (hypobaric) m above sea level in random order on separate days. Lung function was measured before and after exercise, as well as after inhalation of salbutamol. Heart rate, oxygen uptake (), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory gas exchange ratio (RER) and minute ventilation () were measured during exercise.Results:  There was no difference in lung function after exercise. The and HRpeak during exercise did not differ. The RERpeak was higher (P = 0.04) in hypobaric environment. The decreased 10.1% (7.2–13.0) [mean (95% confidence intervals)] (P < 0.001) from normobaric to hypobaric environment. At the same time, SpO2 at decreased from 94.4 (92.2–96.6) to 85.6% (82.8–88.4) (P < 0.001).Conclusions:  A barometric pressure corresponding to altitude of 2500 m did not increase EIB in subjects with asthma. The reduction in is most probably due to the lower SpO2 in hypobaric environment.
The impact of donor spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage vs. other donors on long‐term renal graft and patient survival
Authors: Johnston Olwyn , O'Kelly Patrick , Spencer Susan , Cunningham Phyllis , Dorman Anthony , Donohoe John , Walshe Joseph J , Hickey David , Little Dilly M , Conlon Peter J 
Published: September 2005

Abstract:  Background:  Donor cause of death has a significant impact on transplant survival in heart transplants recipients. The objective of this study was to determine if long‐term renal allograft and patient survival differed between grafts donated by donors who died of spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage (SIH) compared with those with other causes of death (OCOD).Methods:  Between 1990 and 2001, 1526 renal transplants were performed (711 SIH donors and 815 OCOD donors) at our unit. Serum creatinine levels at 1 yr, graft half‐life and annual graft failure rate were measured for both groups. Renal graft and patient survivals between the groups were compared. Relative risk for SIH donors and other confounding variables was measured using Cox proportional hazards models.Results:  Graft half‐life results were obtained for SIH (8 yr) and OCOD (10.13 yr) recipients. Graft and patient survival at 5 and 10 yr was 68.5% and 39.3% respectively for the SIH group vs. 76.8% and 51.9% respectively for the OCOD group (p < 0.001). However, SIH graft recipients were significantly older with more females. After adjustment for differences in baseline variables between the groups, donor cause of death did not have an independent effect on long‐term graft or patient survival.Conclusion:  Spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage as a cause of donor death, failed to have a significant independent effect on long‐term allograft and patient survival.
Androgen‐binding Protein is Co‐Expressed with Oxytocin in the Male Reproductive Tract
Authors: Herbert Z. , Weigel S. , Sendemir E. , Marshall A. , Caldwell J. D. , Petrusz P. , Peuckert C. , Jirikowski G. F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAndrogen‐binding protein (ABP) and the posterior lobe hormone oxytocin (OT) were co‐localized in male rat reproductive organs. Immunostaining of serial semi‐thin sections revealed a high rate of coexistence of both antigens in Sertoli cells and in the epithelial cells of the prostate. There was a considerably less co‐localization of OT and ABP in epithelial cells of the epididymis, and in the different tissues of the ductus deferens. In situ hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotides complementary to a fragment of ABP mRNA showed specific staining in the same sites that were immunostained for ABP. ABP was isolated by affinity chromatography from homogenates of testis, epididymis, prostate and the content of the prostate lumen. Identical protein patterns could be shown with surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry in all samples except for the epididymis indicating that ABP structure is similar in all these tissues. ABP seems to be expressed in specified cells throughout the male rat reproductive tract. Most of these cells appear to be oxytocinergic. ABP and OT have previously been detected in the ejaculate. The observed epithelial cells are likely to be their source.
Effects of Fusarium toxin‐contaminated wheat grain on nutrient turnover, microbial protein synthesis and metabolism of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in the rumen of dairy cows
Authors: Dänicke S. , Matthäus K. , Lebzien P. , Valenta H. , Stemme K. , Ueberschär K.‐H. , Razzazi‐Fazeli E. , Böhm J. , Flachowsky G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to examine the effects of feeding Fusarium toxin‐contaminated wheat to dairy cows on nutrient utilization in the rumen and on duodenal flow of deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZON) and their metabolites. Six dairy cows fitted with a large rumen cannula and a simple T‐shaped cannula at the proximal duodenum was used in two experiments. The experiments included a control period in which the uncontaminated control wheat was fed and a period in which the control wheat was replaced by the Fusarium toxin‐contaminated wheat (8.05 and 7.15 mg DON/kg and 0.26 and 0.1 mg ZON/kg in Expts 1 and 2 respectively). The wheat portion of the daily ration amounted to 50% on a dry matter (DM) basis and rations were completed with hay or grass silage. Five of the six cows were non‐lactating and the total daily DM‐intake ranged between 4 and 12 kg. The pH‐values and the concentration of volatile fatty acids in ruminal fluid were not significantly influenced by feeding the contaminated wheat. In contrast, the postprandial ammonia concentration was consistently higher when the mycotoxin‐contaminated wheat was fed. Moreover, the flow of microbial protein and utilizable protein at the duodenum were reduced at the same time. The concentrations of DON and ZON and of their metabolites in freeze‐dried duodenal digesta were either not detectable or negligible during the control periods whereas distinct concentrations were measured during the periods where the contaminated wheat was fed. DON was nearly completely metabolized to de‐epoxy‐DON and the flow at the duodenum ranged between 4% and 28% of DON‐intake. The ZON metabolites α‐zearalenol (ZOL) and β‐ZOL were recovered at the duodenum beside the parent toxin ZON. Their recovery as a percentage of ZON‐intake ranged between 43% and 132%. In conclusion, feeding of Fusarium toxin‐contaminated wheat altered the ruminal protein utilization. The question of whether this effect was a result of the mycotoxin being present in the rumen or of Fusarium growth‐related structural (cell wall) changes of the wheat grain needs to be clarified. The low recovery of DON at the duodenum would indicate either a nearly complete degradation of the molecule in the rumen or an absorption by the mucosa of the rumen, whereas the higher ZON recovery would suggest a lower degradation of the parent toxin in the rumen and/or recovery of some bile‐originating entero‐hepatic cycling ZON/metabolites.
Supplementation of xylanase and phospholipase to wheat‐based diets for weaner pigs
Authors: Diebold G. , Mosenthin R. , Sauer W. C. , Dugan M. E. R. , Lien K. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effects of supplementing a wheat‐based diet for weaner pigs with exogenous xylanase and phospholipase on ileal and faecal nutrient digestibilities and on the level of microbial metabolites in ileal digesta were examined. Fourteen piglets, weaned at 11 days, were fitted with a simple T‐cannula at the distal ileum. The pigs were offered a control diet or diets supplemented with xylanase and phospholipase individually or in combination, in a two period crossover design. The combination of xylanase and phospholipase tended to increase the ileal recovery of the amino sugar galactosamine, whereas the concentration expressed in mg/kg dry matter intake of glucosamine was slightly decreased (p < 0.10). There was neither an effect of enzyme supplementation on ileal and faecal digestibility of the other nutrients and energy, nor was there an effect on pH and on the level of microbial metabolites in ileal digesta. However, an increase in ileal and faecal nutrient and energy digestibility with increasing age was observed. The ileal and faecal digestibility coefficients (except for ether extract) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in experimental period I than in period II. These higher values may be attributed to a lower feed intake during period I. Since a lower level of feed intake is generally associated with a slower rate of passage and a longer retention time of digesta, a positive impact on digestion and absorption of nutrients can be assumed, which, on the other hand, limits the potential of additional enzyme effects.
Relationship between plasma leptin concentrations and carcass composition in fattening mutton: a comparison with ultrasound results
Authors: Altmann M. , Sauerwein H. , Von Borell E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPositive relationships between circulating leptin concentrations and body fat content have been established in sheep when covering a rather broad range of age and/or body weight. The usefulness of leptin measurements for predicting carcass fat has yet to be evaluated specifically in fattening lambs. We therefore measured plasma leptin concentrations in 56 male lambs half and half Merino Mutton and Blackheaded Mutton. Subcutaneous fat thickness was measured by ultrasound 1 day before the lambs were slaughtered at 35 or 45 kg live weight. Carcass composition was determined by tissue dissection. The coefficients of correlations between leptin and the different amounts in fat depots ranged from 0.40 to 0.56 within the two live weight groups, and from 0.53 to 0.64 when taking the two groups together. Carcass fat percentage was estimated by leptin concentrations with the same accuracy (R2 = 0.34) as with ultrasound fat thickness. The accuracy was higher for leptin in the 35 kg‐group whereas the accuracy was higher for ultrasound fat thickness in the 45 kg‐group (R2 = 0.26 vs. 0.31). A combination of leptin and ultrasound fat thickness clearly enhanced the precision of estimation in all groups. Further investigations on the influence of factors such as breed, gender, duration of feed withdrawal or photoperiod on the association between leptin and carcass composition are necessary before the suitability of plasma leptin concentration for practical application can be evaluated.
The effect of tryptophan supplementation of diets of restricted‐ and unrestricted‐fed young pigs
Authors: Susenbeth A. , Lucanus U. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryYoung pigs (body weight 15–25 kg) were used to study the effect of graded levels of tryptophan supplementation to a diet containing 2.5 g tryptophan/kg dry matter (DM) and having a tryptophan to lysine ratio of 0.17 under restricted and unrestricted feeding conditions. Ad libitum feed intake and growth rate were 0.99 kg DM/day and 0.84 kg/day, respectively, and were not affected by supplementation of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 g tryptophan/kg diet. In restricted‐fed piglets (80% of ad libitum intake) tryptophan supplementation did not improve growth rate. Therefore, greater optimum tryptophan to lysine ratios for young fast growing pigs, as concluded from results of some recently published studies in contrast to results of other studies, could not be confirmed. Possible reasons for discrepancies in published values for optimum tryptophan supply are briefly discussed. In accordance with general recommendations given in the literature, it can be concluded that a tryptophan to lysine ratio between 0.17 and 0.18 is sufficient to reach high feed intake and high growth rate in young pigs, when adequately supplied with lysine and other amino acids.
Cholate and deoxycholate counteract the calcium‐induced lowering of fat digestion in rats
Authors: Yuangklang C. , Wensing Th. , Lankhorst Æ. , Lemmens A. G. , Fielmich‐Bouman X. M. , Jittakhot S. , Beynen A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe objective of the present experiment was to investigate whether deoxycholate and cholate would differ in their effectiveness of counteracting the inhibitory effect of calcium on fat digestibility in rats. Rats were fed one of four experimental diets, a diet low in calcium, high in calcium or high in calcium with either 0.5% sodium cholate or 0.5% sodium deoxycholate. Both deoxycholate and cholate supplementation of the high‐calcium diet reduced feed intake and body‐weight gain. Low‐calcium intake increased fat digestibility. Supplemental bile acids partially counteracted the calcium‐induced inhibition of fat digestion, cholate being more effective than deoxycholate. The outcome is explained by the suggestion that cholate is bound to the calcium phosphate sediment in the small intestinal lumen with less affinity than deoxycholate. As a result, more cholate than deoxycholate would be available to support the process of fat digestion. Rats fed cholate had higher liver and serum cholesterol concentrations than did the rats fed deoxycholate.