bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cuproptosis Related Gene DLD Associated with Poor Prognosis and
Malignant Biological Characteristics in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Xinyang , Rui Junshuai , Yang Zihan , Shang-Guan Feng , Shi Haolin , Wang Dengkui , Sun Jiachun 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
Cuproptosis plays a crucial role in the biological function of cells. The subject
of this work was to analyze the effects of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) on the prognosis
and biological function in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods:
In this study, RNA sequencing and clinical data of LUAD samples were screened from
public databases and our institution. A CRG signature was identified by least absolute shrinkage
and selection operator and Cox regression. In addition, this study analyzed the correlation between
prognostic CRGs and clinicopathological features. Finally, this study studied the effect of inhibiting
dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) expression on cell biological function.

Results:
There were 10 CRGs that showed differential expression between LUAD and normal tissues
(p<0.05). A prognostic signature (DLD and lipoyltransferase 1 [LIPT1]) was constructed. Survival
analysis suggested that patients with LUAD in the high-risk group had shorter overall survival
(OS) (p<0.05). High expression of DLD and low expression of LIPT1 were significantly associated
with shorter OS (p<0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that, in LUAD tissues,
DLD was highly expressed, whereas LIPT1 was not detected. Finally, inhibition of DLD expression
could significantly restrain cell proliferation, invasion and migration.

Conclusion:
Overall, this prognostic CRG signature may play a pivotal role in LUAD outcome,
while oncogene DLD may be a future therapeutic candidate for LUAD.
Development of Chromatin Regulator-related Molecular Subtypes and a
Signature to Predict Prognosis and Immunotherapeutic Response in Head
and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Juntao , Xu Ziqian , Wang Zhenzhen , Zhou Chongchang , Shen Yi 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Chromatin regulators (CRs) serve as indispensable factors in tumor biological
processes by influencing tumorigenesis and the immune microenvironment and have been identified
in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Hence, CR-related genes (CRRGs) are
considered potential biomarkers for predicting prognosis and immune infiltration in HNSCC. In this
study, we established a novel signature for predicting the prognosis and immunotherapeutic response
of HSNCC.

Methods:
A total of 870 CRRGs were obtained according to previous studies. Subsequently, patients
in the TCGA-HNSC cohort were divided into different clusters based on the expression of prognostic
CRRGs. Kaplan‒Meier (K‒M) survival analysis was conducted to compare the prognosis in clusters,
and the CIBERSORT and ssGSEA methods assessed the immune infiltration status. In addition,
the differences in immunotherapeutic responses were determined based on the TICA database. Furthermore,
the differentially expressed CRRGs between clusters were identified, and the predictive
signature was established according to the results of univariate Cox, least absolute shrinkage and
selection operator regression analysis, and multivariate Cox. The predictive effects of the risk model
were evaluated according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC)
in both the training and external test cohorts. A nomogram was established, and survival comparisons,
functional enrichment analyses, and immune infiltration status and clinical treatment assessments
were performed. In addition, the hub gene network and related analysis were conducted with
the Cytohubba application.

Results:
Based on the expression of prognostic CRRGs, patients were divided into two clusters, in
which Cluster 1 exhibited a better prognosis, more enriched immune infiltration, and a better immunotherapeutic
response but exhibited chemotherapy sensitivity. The AUC values of the 1-, 3- and 5-
year ROC curves for the risk model were 0.673, 0.732, and 0.692, respectively, as well as 0.645,
0.608, and 0.623 for the test set. In addition, patients in the low-risk group exhibited more immune
cell enrichment and immune function activation, as well as a better immunotherapy response. The
hub gene network indicated ACTN2 as the core gene differentially expressed between the two risk
groups.

Conclusions:
We identified molecular subtypes and established a novel predictive signature based on
CRRGs. This effective CRRS system can possibly provide a novel research direction for exploring
the correlation between CRs and HNSCC and requires further experimental validation.
Malignant and Benign Head and Neck Tumors of the Pediatric Age: A Narrative Review
Authors: Micangeli Ginevra , Menghi Michela , Profeta Giovanni , Paparella Roberto , Tarani Francesca , Petrella Carla , Barbato Christian , Minni Antonio , Greco Antonio , Ferraguti Giampiero , Tarani Luigi , Fiore Marco 
Published: February 2024

:
Malignant tumors of the head and neck are rare in children, but it is important to know
these lesions and identify them early in order to have a good outcome for these patients. Benign lesions
of the head and neck are much more frequent and have an excellent prognosis. For this reason,
it is necessary to recognize the warning signs and symptoms and understand when to refer the
patient to a reference center for the treatment of these pathologies. The clinical presentation of
both benign and malignant lesions in children may be similar as usually, both categories have compressive
effects. This confirms the fact that the clinical diagnosis is not sufficient and always requires
instrumental investigations and biopsies. In this narrative review, we analyzed both malignant
lesions such as lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, thyroid tumors, salivary gland tumors, neuroblastoma,
and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and benign ones such as cystic dermoid teratoma, hemangioma,
juvenile angiofibroma and fibrosis dysplasia. Indeed, we set out to discuss the most
common lesions of this site by evaluating their characteristics to highlight the differentiation of
malignant tumors from benign lesions and their correct clinical-therapeutic management. A literature
search was carried out in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify all narrative
reviews addressing malignant and benign head and neck tumors of the pediatric age. In conclusion,
the care of children affected by head and neck benign lesions and malignancy must be combined
and multidisciplinary. It is essential to recognize the diseases early in order to differentiate
and intervene as soon as possible for the correct clinical-therapeutic management.
Association of the Immunity Genes with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Khaiz Youssef , Al Idrissi Najib , Bakkali Mohammed , Ahid Samir 
Published: February 2024

:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a complicated illness marked by the death of insulin-
producing pancreatic beta cells, which ultimately leads to insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia.
T lymphocytes are considered to destroy pancreatic beta cells in the etiology of T1D
as a result of hereditary and environmental factors. Although the latter factors are very important
causes of T1D development, this disease is very genetically predisposed, so there is a
significant genetic component to T1D susceptibility. Among the T1D-associated gene mutations,
those that affect genes that encode the traditional Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) entail
the highest risk of T1D development. Accordingly, the results of decades of genetic linkage
and association studies clearly demonstrate that mutations in the HLA genes are the most associated
mutations with T1D. They can, therefore, be used as biomarkers for prediction strategies
and may even prove to be of value for personalized treatments. Other immunity-associated genetic
loci are also associated with higher T1D risk. Indeed, T1D is considered an autoimmune
disease. Its prevalence is rising globally, especially among children and young people. Given
the global rise of, and thus interest in, autoimmune diseases, here we present a short overview
of the link between immunity, especially HLA, genes and T1D.
Structured Reporting of Computed Tomography Enterography in Crohn’s
Disease
Authors: Zhu Hui , Chen Suying , Chen Jinghao , Yang Jushun , Cong Ruochen , Sun Jinjie , Xu Yachun , He Bosheng 
Published: February 2024

Background:
To compare the integrity, clarity, conciseness, etc., of the structured report (SR) versus free-text report (FTR) for computed tomography
enterography of Crohn’s disease (CD).

Methods:
FTRs and SRs were generated for 30 patients with CD. The integrity, clarity, conciseness etc., of SRs versus FTRs, were compared. In this study,
an evidence-based medicine practice model was utilized on 92 CD patients based on SR in order to evaluate its clinical value. Then, the life quality
of the patients in two groups was evaluated before and after three months of intervention using an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire
(IBDQ).

Results:
SRs received higher ratings for satisfaction with integrity (median rating 4.27 vs. 3.75, P=0.008), clarity (median rating 4.20 vs. 3.43, P=0.003),
conciseness (median rating 4.23 vs. 3.20, P=0.003), the possibility of contacting a radiologist to interpret (median rating 4.17 vs. 3.20, P<0.001),
and overall clinical impact (median rating 4.23 vs. 3.27, P<0.001) than FTRs. Besides, research group had higher score of IBDQ intestinal
symptom dimension (median score 61.13 vs. 58.02, P=0.003), IBDQ systemic symptom dimension (median score 24.48 vs. 20.67, P<0.001),
IBDQ emotional capacity dimension (median score 65.65 vs. 61.74, P<0.001), IBDQ social ability dimension (median score 26.80 vs. 22.37,
P<0.001), and total IBDQ score (median score 178.07 vs. 162.80, P<0.001) than control group.

Conclusion:
The SR of CTE in CD patients was conducive to improving the quality and readability of the report, and CD patients’ life quality could
significantly improve after the intervention of an evidence-based medicine model based on SR.
Astragaloside IV Overcomes Anlotinib Resistance in Non-small Cell Lung
Cancer through miR-181a-3p/UPR-ERAD Axis
Authors: Wang Lihuai , Sun Tonglin , Yang Xiao , Wen Zhi , Sun Yinhui , Liu Hua 
Published: February 2024

Background::
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) has been shown to have a curative effect on
non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to elucidate the role of AS-IV in
NSCLC cell anlotinib resistance (AR).

Methods::
The NSCLC/AR cells, resistant to anlotinib, have been produced. The role of AS-IV
in the AR of NSCLC cells about the miR-181a-3p/unfolded protein response (UPR)-
endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) pathway was then discussed by treating
the cells with anlotinib or AS-IV, or by manipulating them with inhibitors or mimics of miR-
181a-3p, HRD1 or Derlin-1 overexpression plasmids.

Results::
We found that AS-IV could suppress the AR of NSCLC cells. In addition, miR-181a-
3p was elevated in NSCLC/AR cells. Functionally, AS-IV limited the AR of NSCLC cells by
reducing miR-181a-3p. Further, activation of the UPR-ERAD pathway was correlated with AR
in NSCLC cells. Increased sensitivity of NSCLC cells to anlotinib caused by miR-181a-3p inhibitor
could be reversed by overexpression of HRD1 or Derlin-1.

Conclusion::
This research revealed a promising NSCLC/AR treatment approach by showing
that AS-IV exposed NSCLC cells to anlotinib by inhibiting the miR-181a-3p/UPR-ERAD axis.
AI-based Virtual Screening of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Discovery of Novel Inhibitors of TCTP
Authors: Bai Juxia , Ni Yangyang , Zhang Yuqi , Wan Junfeng , Liang Liqun , Qiao Haoran , Zhu Yanyan , Zhao Qingjie , Li Huiyu 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP) is associated with
tumor diseases, such as breast cancer, and its inhibitor can reduce the growth of tumor cells.
Unfortunately, there is currently no effective medication available for treating TCTP-related
breast cancer.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to explore the inhibitor candidates among natural
compounds for the treatment of breast cancer related to TCTP protein.

Methods:
To explore the potential inhibitors of TCTP, we first screened out four potential inhibitors
in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for cancer based on AI virtual screening
using the docking method, and then revealed the interaction mechanism of TCTP and four candidate
inhibitors from TCM with molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) methods.

method:
To explore the potential inhibitors of TCTP, we firstly screened out four potential inhibitors in the major agent of the traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCMs) for cancer based on AI Virtual Screening using the Docking method, and then revealed the interaction mechanism of TCTP and four candidate inhibitors from TCMs with molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) methods.

Results:
Based on the conformational characteristics and the MD properties of the four leading
compounds, we designed the new skeleton molecules with the AI method using MolAICal software.
Our MD simulations have revealed that different small molecules bind to different sites of
TCTP, but the flexible regions and the signaling pathways are almost the same, and the VDW
and hydrophobic interactions are crucial in the interactions between TCTP and ligands.

result:
Based on the conformational characteristics and the MD properties of the four leading compounds, we designed the new skeleton molecules with AI method using MolAICal software. Our MD simulations reveal that different small molecules bind to different sites of TCTP, but the flexible regions and the signaling pathways are almost the same, the VDW and hydrophobic interactions play important roles in the interactions between ligands and TCTP.

Conclusion:
We have proposed the candidate inhibitor of TCTP. Our study has provided a potential
new method for exploring inhibitors from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).
Removal of Interference from Electromyogram based on Empirical Mode
Decomposition and Correlation Coefficient Thresholding
Authors: Karuna M. , Guntur Sitaramanjaneya Reddy 
Published: February 2024

Introduction::
Electromyography (EMG) signals are contaminated by various noise
components. These noises directly degrade the EMG processing performance, thereby affecting
the classification accuracy of the EMG signals for implementing various hand movements of the
prosthetic arm from the amputee’s residual muscle.

Methods::
This study mainly aims to denoise the EMG signals using the empirical mode decomposition
(EMD) and correlation coefficient thresholding (CCT) methods. The noisy EMG signal
is obtained from NinaPro Database 2. Then, EMD is used to decompose it into intrinsic mode
functions. Each hand movement noise is identified within specific modes and removed separately
using correlation coefficient–dependent thresholding and wavelet denoising. The performance
metrics signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used to evaluate
the noise removal performance from the EMG signals of five intact subjects. The proposed
method outperforms the wavelet denoising method in terms of noise interference removal. In
this method, the SNR is obtained in the 17-22 dB range with a very low RMSE.

Results::
The experimental results illustrate that the proposed method removes noise from six
repetitions of six movements performed by five subjects. This study explores the special characteristics
of EMD and demonstrates the possibility of using the EMD-based CCT filter for denoising
EMG signals.

Conclusion::
The proposed filter is more efficient than wavelet denoising in removing noise interference.
It can also be used in any application that requires EMG signal filtering at the preprocessing
stage, such as EMG pattern recognition.
Impact of Radiation Therapy on Serum Humanin and MOTS-c Levels in
Patients with Lung or Breast Cancer
Authors: Kavak Ayse Gülbin , Karslioglu Ihsan , Saracaloglu Ahmet , Demiryürek Seniz , Demiryürek Abdullah Tuncay 
Published: February 2024

Background::
Lung and breast cancer are the most frequent causes of death from
cancer globally. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the serum mitochondrial open
reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) and humanin levels in lung or breast cancer
patients, and investigate the impacts of radiation therapy on the circulating levels of these
peptides.

Methods::
35 lung cancer patients, 34 breast cancer patients, and healthy volunteers as a control
group were recruited in this prospective observatory research. Lung cancer patients with stage
IIIA/IIIB were treated with paclitaxel-based chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (2 Gy per day, 30
times, 60 Gy total dose). Breast cancer stage IIA/IIB patients were treated with postoperative
locoregional radiation therapy (2 Gy per day, 25 times, 50 Gy total dose). The ELISA method
was used to detect serum humanin and MOTS-c levels during, before, and after radiotherapy.

Results::
We observed marked elevations in circulating MOTS-c, but not humanin levels in patients
with lung cancer (P < 0.001). Radiation therapy led to a marked augmentation in MOTS-c
levels in these patients (P < 0.001). On the other hand, there was a marked decline in humanin,
but not MOTS-c, levels in breast cancer patients (P < 0.001).

Conclusion::
Our research has shown, for the first time, that increased MOTS-c and decreased
humanin levels play a role in lung cancer and breast cancer, respectively. Additionally, radiotherapy
modifies MOTS-c levels in patients with lung, but not breast cancer.
ECOWAS Court of Justice: its linkage with the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights
Authors: Adeyeye Joel Adelusi 
Published: February 2024

This article considers the Community Court of Justice (CCJ) of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and its linkage with the African Charter of Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR). No doubt when ECOWAS was established in 1975, the main objective was the economic integration of the sub-regional body. At the beginning, the CCJ was listed as one of the mandates of the economic bloc, but it was not until 1991 that the first Protocol which created the CCJ and which gives its composition and its functioning was adopted. The Revised Treaty of 1993 also provided for the establishment of the CCJ in its Article 15. The Protocol now makes references to the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights (ACHPR) of the African Union (AU). Not only this, the Protocol also made reference to other international human rights instruments. The main objective of this work is to bring to fore that the jurisdiction of the CCJ is expansive and broad, and that the CCJ failed to utilise the expansive jurisdiction in the matter of the late President of Chad, Hissene Habre, against the Republic of Senegal, by ruling that the Senegalese court could not try him because this will violate the principle of non-retroactivity of penal law. This ruling led to the establishment of the Extraordinary African Chambers (a special criminal tribunal) that later tried Habre. Also, where it is appropriate and desirable, a comparison between, on the one hand, the CCJ and, on the other hand, African sub-regional courts and courts of international organisations will be made. It is also the contention of this article that the CCJ ought to have an Appeal Chambers, as a core international best practice. This work will adopt the doctrinal methodology and the data collection method is content analysis.
Vision-Language Model for Generating Textual Descriptions From Clinical Images: Model Development and Validation Study
Authors: Ji Jia , Hou Yongshuai , Chen Xinyu , Pan Youcheng , Xiang Yang 
Published: February 2024

Background
The automatic generation of radiology reports, which seeks to create a free-text description from a clinical radiograph, is emerging as a pivotal intersection between clinical medicine and artificial intelligence. Leveraging natural language processing technologies can accelerate report creation, enhancing health care quality and standardization. However, most existing studies have not yet fully tapped into the combined potential of advanced language and vision models.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore the integration of pretrained vision-language models into radiology report generation. This would enable the vision-language model to automatically convert clinical images into high-quality textual reports.

Methods
In our research, we introduced a radiology report generation model named ClinicalBLIP, building upon the foundational InstructBLIP model and refining it using clinical image-to-text data sets. A multistage fine-tuning approach via low-rank adaptation was proposed to deepen the semantic comprehension of the visual encoder and the large language model for clinical imagery. Furthermore, prior knowledge was integrated through prompt learning to enhance the precision of the reports generated. Experiments were conducted on both the IU X-RAY and MIMIC-CXR data sets, with ClinicalBLIP compared to several leading methods.

Results
Experimental results revealed that ClinicalBLIP obtained superior scores of 0.570/0.365 and 0.534/0.313 on the IU X-RAY/MIMIC-CXR test sets for the Metric for Evaluation of Translation with Explicit Ordering (METEOR) and the Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) evaluations, respectively. This performance notably surpasses that of existing state-of-the-art methods. Further evaluations confirmed the effectiveness of the multistage fine-tuning and the integration of prior information, leading to substantial improvements.

Conclusions
The proposed ClinicalBLIP model demonstrated robustness and effectiveness in enhancing clinical radiology report generation, suggesting significant promise for real-world clinical applications.