bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of water extracts from the surface of two Yew (Taxus) species on mites (Tetranychus urticae)
Authors: Furmanowa Miroslawa , Kropczyńska Danuta , Zobel Alicja , Glowniak Kazimierz , Oledzka Hanna , Józefowicz Joanna , Sahajdak Agnieszka , Józetczyk Aleksandra 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTaxus cuspidata and Taxus media var. Hicksii contain paclitaxel, among other taxoids, on the surface of the needles. These compounds were removed by 5‐s dipping of the needles in water just below its boiling point at 96°C and at 60°C and 40°C. Taxus cuspidata contained a fourfold higher concentration of paclitaxel than Taxus media var. Hicksii. The extract with the higher concentration of paclitaxel was more harmful to the mites Tetranychus urticae Koch, increasing their mortality 150%, prolonging development by ca. 20% and lowering the average fecundity from 112 in the control to 16.13 after treatment with Taxus cuspidata; also, the net reproductive rate dropped from 70.24 to 6.70, which is more than a tenfold reduction. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of cyclosporin A in Lewis rats in vivo and HeLa cells in vitro
Authors: Sovcikova Andrea , Tulinska Jana , Kubova Jana , Liskova Aurelia , Syrova Dagmar , Horakova Katarina 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) in inbred Lewis rats with published assessment of immunotoxicity in ‘classical’ outbred Wistar rats. A second purpose was to consider the contribution of a panel of in vitro assays in cell cultures when added to an immunotoxicity study in vivo.The in vivo effect of CsA was investigated in a 28‐day subacute immunotoxicity study in male Lewis rats at three different concentrations: 1.25, 5 and 20 mg kg−1. The highest dose of CsA exceeded the maximum tolerated dose. A drop in body, spleen and popliteal lymph node weight of exposed animals displayed symptoms of toxicity. At a high toxic dose, haematological changes showed a decrease in the leucocyte count and in the percentage of lymphocytes, and an increase in the percentage of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The haematocrit was significantly dose‐dependently suppressed in all rats exposed to CsA. A similar dose‐dependent depression of the mean cell volume of erythrocytes was found in rats given high and middle doses of CsA. The phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and monocytes also was significantly dose‐dependently suppressed. No significant changes in primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes or in vitro proliferative response of spleen lymphocytes to mitogens were found in those rats.A battery of in vitro cytotoxicity methods was selected for the evaluation of metabolic and functional activity of subcellular organelles (mitochondria, lysosomes) and for the detection of drug‐induced superoxide‐mediated damage in HeLa cells. This cell line was chosen because it has a lower activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) than normal cells and is sufficiently sensitive for the detection of the induction of oxygen radicals. The in vitro results indicated a direct relationship between CsA cytotoxicity and a change in the mitochondrial enzyme activity, as well as an induction of superoxide production.The results of the study indicated that a combination of selected in vivo and in vitro methods is an inexpensive way to obtain more complex information on cell status affected by xenobiotics. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro characterization and in vivo properties of a carbonated apatite bone cement
Authors: Khairoun I. , Magne D. , Gauthier O. , Bouler J. M. , Aguado E. , Daculsi G. , Weiss P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study evaluated the in vivo behavior of an injectable calcium phosphate bone cement implanted in bone defects at the distal end of rabbit femora. After 3 weeks, samples were harvested and processed for undecalcified sectioning. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy showed direct contact of bone and cement without soft tissue interposition, biocompatibility, and bioactivity with osteoconductive properties. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 633–642, 2002
Effect of porosity reduction by compaction on compressive strength and microstructure of calcium phosphate cement
Authors: Barralet J.E. , Gaunt T. , Wright A. J. , Gibson I. R. , Knowles J. C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHydroxyapatite (HA) calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are attractive materials for orthopedic applications because they can be molded into shape during implantation. However their low strength and brittle nature limits their potential applications to principally non‐load‐bearing applications. Little if any use has been made of the HA cement systems as manufacturing routes for preset HA bone grafts, which although not moldable pastes, are resorbable, unlike HA sintered ceramic. It is known that the strength of cements can be increased beyond that attainable from slurry systems by compaction, and this study investigates whether compaction significantly alters the specific surface area and pore‐size distribution of CPC prepared according to the method of Brown and Chow. Compaction pressures of between 18 and 106 MPa were used to decrease the porosity from 50 to 31%, which resulted in an increase in the wet compressive strength from 4 to 37 MPa. The Weibull modulus was found to increase as porosity decreased; in addition the amount of porosity larger than the reactant particle size increased as porosity decreased. It is proposed that this was caused by a combination of voids created by the aqueous solvent used in fabrication and shrinkage that occurs on reaction. The specific surface area was unchanged by compaction. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 1–9, 2002
Use of real‐time gene‐specific polymerase chain reaction to measure RNA expression of three family members of rat cytochrome P450 4A
Authors: Bleicher Kimberly B. , Pippert Todd R. , Glaab Warren E. , Skopek Thomas R. , Sina Joseph F. , Umbenhauer Diane R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExposure of rats to peroxisome proliferators induces members of the cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A) family. In rats, the CYP4A family consists of four related genes, CYP4A1, CYP4A2, CYP4A3, and CYP4A8. We are specifically interested in examining CYP4A1, CYP4A2, and CYP4A3, each of which is expressed in a tissue‐dependent and sex‐dependent manner. While CYP4A1 is sufficiently different from the other two members to enable relatively easy specific quantitation, the close similarity between CYP4A2 and CYP4A3 makes quantitative discrimination difficult. We have combined a fluorescent real‐time PCR assay (TaqMan®) with the sequence‐specific mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA) to allow us to carry out specific quantitation of all three members of this family. The assay is designed such that a single fluorescent TaqMan® probe binds to all three gene products, while specificity is conferred by sequence‐specific primers. This specific MAMA technique takes advantage of the ability of Taq polymerase to distinguish between the two cDNAs based on mismatches at the 3′ end of a PCR primer. In the 84‐base PCR product used for this assay, there is only a single‐base difference between CYP4A2 and CYP4A3. Despite this similarity, there is at least a 1000‐fold discrimination between the two sequences, using CYP4A2 or CYP4A3 specific standards. Analysis of rat liver RNA from both sexes demonstrates that this discrimination is also achieved in complex RNA mixtures. This technique should be broadly applicable to other areas of research such as allelic discrimination, detecting mutational hotspots in tumors, and discrimination among closely related members of other gene families. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:133–142, 2001
Extensive protein carbonylation precedes acrolein‐mediated cell death in mouse hepatocytes
Authors: Burcham Philip C. , Fontaine Frank 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAllyl alcohol hepatotoxicity is mediated by an alcohol dehydrogenase‐derived biotranformation product, acrolein. This highly reactive α,β–unsaturated aldehyde readily alkylates model proteins in vitro, forming, among other products, Michael addition adducts that possess a free carbonyl group. Whether such damage accompanies acrolein‐mediated toxicity in cells is unknown. In this work we established that allyl alcohol toxicity in mouse hepatocytes involves extensive carbonylation of a wide range of proteins, and that the severity of such damage to a subset of 18–50 kDa proteins closely correlated with the degree of cell death. In addition to abolishing cytotoxicity and glutathione depletion, the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor 4‐methyl pyrazole strongly attenuated protein carbonylation. Conversely, cyanamide, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, enhanced cytotoxicity and protein carbonylation. Since protein carbonylation clearly preceded the loss of membrane integrity, it may be associated with the toxic process leading to cell death. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:309–316, 2001
Localization of estradiol‐responsive region in the phenobarbital‐responsive enhancer module of mouse Cyp2b‐10 gene
Authors: Yamamoto Makoto , Sakuma Tsutomu , Ichimaru Hajime , Nemoto Nobuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe mouse Cyp2b‐10 gene is inducible by treatment with estradiol as well as so‐called phenobarbital (PB)‐like inducers. To identify 5′‐flanking elements responsible for induction by estradiol, we carried out reporter gene assays using a primary mouse hepatocyte culture system. Cyp2b‐10 gene‐driven luciferase activities were induced by estradiol as well as PB in this system. Deletion analysis demonstrated that the sequence contained within the region from −2331 bp to −2281 bp was responsible for the estradiol‐induced luciferase activity. This region corresponds to the core element of PB‐responsive enhancer module (PBREM). Several nucleotide mutations in the putative binding sites of the PBREM core element showed that the NR1 site was required for estradiol induction, and the same element was required for PB induction. These results indicate that estradiol induces Cyp2b‐10 gene expression via PBREM. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:76–82, 2001
Erythrocytapheresis for Plasmodium falciparum infection complicated by cerebral malaria and hyperparasitemia
Authors: Zhang Y. , Telleria L. , Vinetz J.M. , Yawn D. , Rossmann S. , Indrikovs A.J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum, life‐threatening complications are in part related to the degree of parasitemia. Whole blood exchange and red blood cell exchange (RCE) have been used for the rapid removal of parasites from the circulation of patients with a high parasite load complicated by cerebral, pulmonary, and renal dysfunction. We have treated three 5–45‐year‐old patients with hyperparasitemia and end‐organ dysfunction with red cell exchange by automated apheresis as an adjunct to specific anti‐malarial chemotherapy. Parasitemia dropped more than 80% in all three patients immediately after the exchange, and all patients had an uneventful and full recovery. In combination with effective anti‐malarial chemotherapy, apheresis RCE is a safe and rapid approach to treat complicated malaria due to P. falciparum. J. Clin. Apheresis. 16:15‐18, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lepromatous vasculitis successfully treated by plasma exchange (PE)
Authors: Ruzzenenti M.R. , Bruni R. , Florio G. , De Luigi M.C. , Lercari G. , Barabino G.F. , Nunzi E. , Valbonesi M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVascular involvement is presently considered a "common pathway" in a number of diseases that is mediated by circulating immune complexes (CIC). CIC are found in the circulation when the disease is active and in single patients their level may parallel disease activity. Lepromatous leprosis is characterized by the presence of CIC and deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in vascular lesions of the different organs and an Arthus‐like mechanism is considered as the basis for the clinical picture. The same mechanism is considered to play an essential pathophysiologic role in Lucio's phenomenon, which is characterized by lymphohistiocytic vascular infiltrates with or without thrombosis and secondary cutaneous infarction. Lepromatous vascular involvement is mediated by CIC whose antigen composition is known, the same as it is with HCV mediated cryoglobulinemia, HBV positive panarteritis nodosa, rheumatoid vasculitis, or Wagner's granulomatosis, which are usually treated by PE [1‐3]. PE has been employed for lepromatous vasculitis since 1979 [4] and other cases have been successfully treated afterwards [5,6]. We report on another patient successfully treated by plasma exchange.
Platelet transfusion therapy
Authors: Goodnough Lawrence Tim 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe relative merits of apheresis platelets and platelet concentrates are undergoing debate due to evolving issues of safety, inventory, and cost. The application of photochemical inactivation technology may eliminate any rationale for the use of apheresis platelets rather than pooled platelet concentrates, so that the relative merits of these two alternatives will be debated over costs and inventory. Doses of apheresis platelets are determined by donor platelet count and by platelet yield. The generation of a platelet apheresis inventory has been accompanied by a decline in whole blood inventory; research into the impact of these distinct donor pools on national blood policy is needed. J. Clin. Apheresis. 16:43‐48, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sharpening Focus: How One Company Built a Strategic Measurement System
Authors: Focht Scott 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA formalized strategic management program at First of Omaha Merchant Processing has helped align the
organization through development of strategic objectives and corresponding action plans. As a result, the
company's budget process now works in tandem with its planning cycle, and its organizational structure now
supports implementation of strategy. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Will Technology Defeat Your Auditor?
Authors: Munter Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEnron is only the latest of a growing list of frauds that went undetected for years. Even if your auditor is
honest, the widespread use of technology makes it tougher for him to find the crime—and make the bad guys do
the time. But what do you have a right to expect from your auditor? © 2002 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.
Helping ensure successful implementations of activity‐based management
Authors: Nair Mohan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article explains the many change management and organizational considerations involved in implementing
activity‐based management. Avoiding the many possible pitfalls—which have been widely identified and
discussed elsewhere—will get users far. But there are also many factors that can help companies as they plan
and implement activity‐based costing (ABC) and activity‐based cost management
(ABC/M). © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 protects peroxynitrite‐induced cell death by preventing cytochromec‐induced caspase‐3 activation
Authors: Saeki Makio , Maeda Sadaaki , Wada Kouichirou , Kamisaki Yoshinori 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe investigated the effect of IGF‐1 on cell death induced by peroxynitrite in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells. Exposure of the cells to 3‐morpholinosydnonimine (SIN‐1), a peroxynitrite donor, caused cytochromecrelease from the mitochondria, caspase‐3‐like activation, and cell death. Pre‐incubation of the cells with the caspase‐3 inhibitor partially prevented SIN‐1‐induced cell death. Simultaneous addition of IGF‐1 reduced SIN‐1‐induced caspase‐3‐like activation and cell death, whereas IGF‐1 failed to reduce the release of cytochromec. IGF‐1 increased Akt phosphorylation, and Akt phosphorylation was inhibited by wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase. In addition, wortmannin prevented IGF‐1‐evoked inhibition of cell death and caspase‐3‐like activation. In a cell‐free system, addition of cytochromecto cytosolic fraction resulted in caspase‐3‐like activation. The activation was reduced when the cytosolic fraction prepared from IGF‐1‐treated cells was used. These results suggest that IGF‐1 protects peroxynitrite‐induced cell death downstream of cytochromecrelease through the inhibition of caspase‐3‐like activation. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 708–716, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Membrane‐bound and cytosolic forms of heterotrimeric G proteins in young and adult rat myocardium: Influence of neonatal hypo‐ and hyperthyroidism
Authors: Novotny Jiri , Bouřová Lenka , Kolář František , Svoboda Petr 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMembrane and cytosolic fractions prepared from ventricular myocardium of young (21‐day‐old) hypo‐ or hyperthyroid rats and adult (84‐day‐old) previously hypo‐ or hyperthyroid rats were analyzed by immunoblotting with specific anti‐G‐protein antibodies for the relative content of Gsα, Giα/Goα, Gqα/G11α, and Gβ. All tested G protein subunits were present not only in myocardial membranes but were at least partially distributed in the cytosol, except for Goα2, and G11α. Cytosolic forms of the individual G proteins represented about 5–60% of total cellular amounts of these proteins. The long (Gsα‐L) isoform of Gsα prevailed over the short (Gsα‐S) isoform in both crude myocardial membranes and cytosol. The Gsα‐L/Gsα‐S ratio in membranes as well as in cytosol increased during maturation due to a substantial increase in Gsα‐L. Interestingly, whereas the amount of membrane‐bound Giα/Goα and Gqα/G11α proteins tend to lower during postnatal development, cytosolic forms of these G proteins mostly rise. Neonatal hypothyroidism reduced the amount of myocardial Gsα and increased that of Giα/Goα proteins. By contrast, neonatal hyperthyroidism increased expression of Gsα and decreased that of Giα and G11α in young myocardium. Changes in G protein content induced by neonatal hypo‐ and hyperthyroidism in young rat myocardium were restored in adulthood. Alterations in the membrane‐cytosol balance of G protein subunits associated with maturation or induced by altered thyroid status indicate physiological importance of cytosolic forms of these proteins in the rat myocardium. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 215–224, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of cell swelling on proliferative signal transduction in the liver
Authors: Kim Robin D. , Stein Gary S. , Chari Ravi S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCellular swelling has emerged as an important initiator of metabolic and proliferative changes in various cells. Because of the unique regenerative capacity of the adult liver, researchers have delineated key intracellular signals that are activated following mitogens, injury, and partial hepatectomy. Although hepatocellular swelling is commonly observed following these regenerative stimuli, only recently has the relationship between cell volume increase and proliferative activity been investigated; to date, the data implicating cell volume increase with hepatocyte regeneration has been mostly indirect. Hepatocyte swelling has been demonstrated in various clinical scenarios from sepsis, hepatic resection, ischemia‐reperfusion injury, glucocorticoid excess, and hyperinsulinemia. Using various in vivo and in vitro models of hepatocyte swelling, particularly hypo‐osmotic stress, investigators have demonstrated changes in cellular structure: (1) cell membrane stretch, (2) cytoskeletal microtubule and microfilament reorganization, and (3) alterations in cytoskeletal‐membrane complexes. Similar studies have demonstrated a causal relationship between cell volume increase and intracellular signals: (1) activation of cytoplasmic signaling cascades such as MAPKs, PI‐3‐K, and PKC, (2) activation of proliferative transcription factors NF‐κB, AP‐1, STATs, C/EBPs, and (3) transcription of metabolic and immediate early genes of regeneration. Through mechanotransduction, or the translation of physical changes to chemical signals, cell volume is a potent effector of these signaling events. Growing evidence demonstrates a link between these physical and chemical changes in the swelling‐mediated growth in the liver. ©2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
G protein β2 subunit antisense oligonucleotides inhibit cell proliferation and disorganize microtubule and mitotic spindle organization
Authors: Wu Han‐Chung , Huang Pie‐Hsien , Chiu Chien‐Yu , Lin Chin‐Tarng 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe association of G protein β2 subunit (Gβ2) with mitotic spindles in various mammalian cells has been demonstrated previously. Recently, we have identified the association of Gβ2 protein with microtubules (Wu et al., [1998] J. Cell. Biochem. 70: 552‐562). In the present experiment we have demonstrated the possible functional role of Gβ2 in microtubule and mitotic spindle organization in mammalian cells. When Gβ2 antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides were transfected into mammalian cells, inhibition of cell proliferation with cell death after a 4‐day treatment was observed. If the transfected cells were incubated for two days and their Gβ2 and microtubules were examined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence localization, marked reduction of the Gβ2 protein, fragmentation and disassembly of cytoplasmic microtubules, and disorganized mitotic spindles were found. We conclude that the Gβ2 protein is closely associated with microtubule assembly and may play a potential role in the regulation of cell proliferation and microtubule and mitotic spindle organization in mammalian cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 136–146, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of the biologically important interaction between troponin C and the N‐terminal region of troponin I
Authors: Ngai Sai‐Ming , Hodges Robert S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe N‐terminal regulatory region of Troponin I, residues 1–40 (TnI 1–40, regulatory peptide) has been shown to have a biologically important function in the interactions of troponin I and troponin C. Truncated analogs corresponding to shorter versions of the N‐terminal region (1–30, 1–28, 1–26) were synthesized by solid‐phase methodology. Our results indicate that residues 1–30 of TnI comprises the minimum sequence to retain full biological activity as measured in the acto‐S1‐TM ATPase assay. Binding of the TnI N‐terminal regulatory peptides (TnI 1–30 and the N‐terminal regulatory peptide (residues 1–40) labeled with the photoprobe benzoylbenzoyl group, BBRp) were studied by gel electrophoresis and photochemical cross‐linking experiments under various conditions. Fluorescence titrations of TnI 1–30 were carried out with TnC mutants that carry a single tryptophan fluorescence probe in either the N‐ or C‐domain (F105W, F105W/C domain (88–162), F29W and F29W/N domain (1–90)) (Fig. 1). Low Kd values (Kd < 10−7 M) were obtained for the interaction of F105W and F105W/C domain (88–162) with TnI 1–30. However, there was no observable change in fluorescence when the fluorescence probe was located at the N‐domain of the TnC mutant (F29W and F29W/N domain (1–90)). These results show that the regulatory peptide binds strongly to the C‐terminal domain of TnC. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.