bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial Purification of Hen Egg White Lysozyme: A Short Laboratory Exercise
Authors: Van Stry Melanie , Austin Tyler , Brice Tambra , Fuller Kent , Gaines Gerald , Johnson Nayriah , Pollion Courtney , Taylor Jada 
Published: November 2023

This laboratory exercise was developed as part of a protein purification and enzymology module for the Biochemistry Laboratory Course at Lane College, a small, historically black college. The overall learning objective of the module is to demonstrate the basic principles of buffer preparation and protein techniques, including protein purification, separation, quantification, and determination of enzyme activity. The objective for the exercise described here is to demonstrate the basic principles of protein purification, including separation of proteins by precipitation with salt or organic compounds. This approach engages the students in a research‐like setting, where they learn that protein purification is not straightforward, often requiring trial and error. While many procedures for the purification of lysozyme laboratory exercise have been described elsewhere, they are not suitable for the limitations of a short laboratory class time of one hour and fifty minutes. This protocol for partial purification of hen egg white lysozyme can be completed within one hour using relatively inexpensive reagents and equipment. The students first dilute the egg white 0.05 M NaCl. Next, they adjust the pH of the mixture using acetic acid, and complete the precipitation by diluting the mixture with ethanol. The students then separate the supernatant from the precipitate either by centrifugation in a benchtop microcentrifuge or by filtration through Whatman paper. The students are encouraged to modify the procedure to determine which method works best. In subsequent laboratory exercises, the students then analyze the degree of purification through comparison of their supernatants with hen egg white by quantification of protein concentration with the Bradford Assay, SDS‐PAGE and lysozyme activity assays using standard protocols.Support or Funding InformationLane College Division of Natural and Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Effect of Hovenia dulcis fruit extract on alcohol‐induced metabolism, inflammation and hangover following acute alcohol consumption: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Kim Hoe Jin , Park Min Young , Lee Yu Jin , Kim Joo Hee , Kim Ji Yeon , Kwon Oran 
Published: November 2023

Hovenia dulcis (H. dulcis) has been used as a food supplement and traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of liver injury and alcohol toxicity. Hepatoprotective and antioxidative effect were investigated in vitro and mice, but not in human yet. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effect of H. dulcis fruit extract on alcohol metabolism and hangover symptoms as well as alcohol‐induced inflammation in human. We performed a randomized double‐blind crossover trial in 26 healthy young men with ALDH2*1/2 genotype, who has low ability to change acetaldehyde to acetate. At each visit, all subjects consumed 50g alcohol after 30 min from placebo or H. dulcis treatment. We collected blood samples 5 times until 12h after alcohol consumption. Serum alcohol level, acetaldehyde level, and expiratory alcohol level were used as markers for alcohol metabolism. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP), soluble CD14 (sCD14) were used as markers for alcohol‐induced inflammation. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were used as markers for hepatocyte damage. Hangover questionnaire was used to assess the hangover severity. Serum alcohol, acetaldehyde level and expiratory alcohol level showed no difference between placebo and H. dulcis groups, indicating that H. dulcis does not have an effect on the metabolism of alcohol. LPS and sCD14 were also no difference between groups. However, LBP was higher within H. dulcis group at 12 hour (p<0.05). While the total of hangover questionnaire score had no statistical difference, the hangover severity after peak time was significantly lower within H. dulcis group (p<0.05; especially headache, dizziness, and weakness.) ALT was significantly improved by H. dulcis (p<0.05). In conclusion, acute alcohol consumption does not seem to cause dysfunction of intestine permeability lead to endotoxemia and H. dulcis fruit extract may have potential to improve hangover symptoms and alcohol‐induced hepatic damage.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (Bio‐synergy Research Project NRF2012M3A9C4048761) and BK21 PLUS through the National Research Foundation.
A sex‐specific energy intake at breakfast improves the correlation between male and female appetite responses to a mid‐morning preload
Authors: Lefranc‐Millot Catherine , Hobden Mark R , Guérin‐Deremaux Laetitia , Commane Daniel , Rowland Ian , Gibson Glenn , Kennedy Orla 
Published: November 2023

Knowledge of the satiating properties of foods is key in the context of obesity.This pilot study aimed at providing data for optimization of future preload investigations with satiety as an endpoint.We investigated in forty healthy adults how altering the energy content of a sex‐specific versus non sex‐specific breakfast meal, and the time lapse between a mid‐morning orange juice preload and the next lunch test meal, could impact subsequent appetite responses and ad libitum energy intake. Female participants consumed either a 214 kcal (n=10) or a 266 kcal breakfast (n=10), equivalent to 10% of recommended daily energy intakes for females and males, respectively. Male participants (n=20) consumed a 266 kcal breakfast. All participants received a 250 ml orange juice preload 2 h after breakfast, 2 h (n=10) or 2.5 h (n=30) before the ad libitum lunch test meal. Appetite responses and study meal palatability were assessed during the visit using VAS questionnaires.A sex‐specific breakfast meal improved the correlation between male and female participants for appetite score measures, assessed using VAS, when compared to a non‐sex specific energy provision. Time of lunch test meal provision and time lapse between preload and lunch test meal did not significantly affect subjective appetite nor ad libitum energy intake.This validated method will be supportive for future testing of nutritional ingredient with satiating potential such as dietary fiber.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by Roquette (France). The funders were involved in the study design, however they had no role in running the experiments, data collection or analysis. Catherine Lefranc‐Millot and Laetitia Guerin‐Deremaux are employees at Roquette.
Effect of Dietary Education and High Energy/Protein Meals on Lean Body Mass during Hemodialysis Treatment in Hypoalbuminemic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Rafferty Aaron , Wang Long , Parsons Tara , Gray Virginia , Reiboldt Wendy 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundLow intakes of energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals are common risk factors for malnutrition in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Malnutrition is a known predictor of increased mortality amongst MHD patients. Preliminary research indicates intake of protein rich meals during dialysis replenishes loss from MHD, but studies were limited to a small number of dialysis sessions. Measuring change in lean body mass (LBM) of MHD patients is one way to determine the effects of a nutrition intervention aimed at improving outcomes.MethodsAn 8‐week randomized controlled trial was conducted among 110 MHD participants (18 to 85 years, mean age = 54±15 SD, 48 males, 62 females) with serum albumin <4.0 g/dL recruited from DaVita Dialysis centers in the greater Los Angeles area. The intervention group (n=55) was given high protein/high calorie meals during MHD as well as outpatient nutrition education with a dietitian that focused on lowering dietary phosphorus intake. The control group (n=55) received low protein/low calorie meals during MHD and minimal nutrition education. Dietary intake data were collected from a 3‐day food diary or 24‐hour recall and meal intake forms during MHD treatment. Lean body mass was assessed by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Independent samples t‐tests were used to examine pre‐and post‐study changes in body composition with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05.ResultsNo significant differences in LBM change (t= ‐1.10, p= 0.28) were found between treatment and control groups. Interestingly, the treatment group had an increase in LBM of approximately 600g post‐intervention and the control group had an increase in LBM of approximately 3300g. Though significant differences between groups were not found, it is to be noted that both groups had an increase in LBM.ConclusionThis study explored the effects of nutritional education and the rendering of meals to MHD patients during dialysis, an area lacking in the literature. Limitations include inadequate access to community health professionals to interpret the educational information for patients who spoke languages other than English or Spanish. Additionally, level of education, work status, and overall stress may have played a role in outcomes; these factors were not controlled. Lastly, supplementary dietary intake during MHD both prior to and during the study was not monitored. Additional research is needed to further understand effective means of reducing malnutrition and monitoring the changes in LBM as a marker for malnutrition in MHD patients.Support or Funding InformationSource of Research Support: This study was supported by the Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, as part of the Fosrenol for Enhancing Dietary Protein Intake in Hypoalbuminemic Dialysis Patients Study.
Decreased energy density of the diet and its impact on body fat mass and long‐term patients in the Psychiatric Hospital Dr. Samuel Ramirez Moreno
Authors: Moreno Teresa Gonzalez , Mendoza Claudia Camelia Calzada , Llano Aidee Rivera , Hernandez Aldo Alex Ahumada , Diaz Maria Esther Valiente , Librado Luis Angel Altamirano , Zamarripa Carlos Alberto Jimenez 
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTIONFood is a complex phenomenon determined by a number of social, cultural and economic factors, which is present in the daily life of all individuals, so it is a vital necessity. However, even when it is imperative to biological reproduction, satisfaction of hunger is very differently according to geographical location, the norms and values associated with food, time, sex, age and the accessibility and availability food, among other factors, at the same time, even though it is a cultural event like any other human activity, has a peculiarity: what we eat has an impact on our body, excesses lead to a number of chronic degenerative diseases, today more than 70% of the Mexican population is overweight or obese, a large percentage of this population has this problem due to bad habits. The energy density measures the amount of energy supplied food per unit weight. Consistent edible especially in processed products, which often have large proportion of fats or sugars generally have higher energy density that edible consisting of fresh food.OBJETIVETo provide low energy density foods to reduce obesity, Body Mass Index and Body Fat Percentage of long‐stay patients Psychiatric Hospital “Samuel Ramirez Moreno”.RESULTSdecreased on average from 300 to 500 kcal diets provide patients from low energy density diets. The values of body mass index and percentage of fat mass in patients with some age groups reflect significant decrease until 6 months of treatment. The correlation between BMI and Body Fat Percentage decrease was observed. (R = 0.700) in the age group of 30–39 years old.CONCLUSIONSIt was determined that the adjustment in the menus used for power users Psychiatric Hospital Dr. Samuel Ramirez Moreno had results up to 6 months, but only in some groups, and others were kept in the same ranges, showing it can not always obtain the desired therapeutic purpose.Support or Funding InformationMyself
Anti‐inflammatory properties of ginger extract in an in vitro model of inflamed human intestinal epithelium
Authors: Kim Leeseon , Kim Jiyeon 
Published: November 2023

Ginger is rich in phenolic compounds; the beneficial effect of ginger might be attributed not only to the antioxidant properties of the phenolic compounds but also to the modulation of signaling cascades in physiological and pathophysiological conditions such as inflammatory processes. This study assessed the potential anti‐inflammatory activity of a polyphenol‐enriched ginger extract in a cellular model of intestinal inflammation and the effects of ginger extract on tight junction (TJ) molecules by using cytokine‐stimulated Caco‐2 epithelial cells. To develop an in vitro model of the acute phase of intestinal inflammation, Caco‐2 cells were exposed to a mixture of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interferon (IFN)‐γ, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Responses to the mixture of inflammatory mediators were assessed by measuring the secretion level of IL‐6 and IL‐8 and mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase (Cox)‐2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, the level of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB activation and phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) were examined. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and expression of TJ proteins, zonula occludens (ZO)‐1, ZO‐2, occludin, junctional adhesion molecule‐1 (JAM), claudin‐1, claudin‐3, and claudin‐4 were measured. Ginseng extract and its constituents such as 6‐shogaol and 6‐gingerol improved the inflammatory responses by decreasing NF‐κB activation and MAPK phosphorylation. It also significantly ameliorated iNOS and Cox‐2 mRNA expression levels. Ginger extract increased the TEER, indicating increased TJ integrity, and upregulated the mRNA expression levels of TJ proteins. These results show that ginger extract may be developed as a functional supplement to maintain gastrointestinal health.Support or Funding Information
Technological and functional attributes of millet and wheat flour blends; an approach to produce gluten free cookies
Authors: Alamri Mohammed S 
Published: November 2023

Millet flour (either water or alkali washed) was replaced with wheat flour at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels. Objectives of the research were to characterize the flour blends for their technical properties and to produce cookies with less or no gluten contents. All types of flour blends were evaluated for their water holding capacities and pasting properties. The cookies were baked and evaluated for their textural and physical attributes. Inclusion of millet flour (both types) in wheat flour resulted in significant reduction in peak and final viscosities while setback viscosities were affected non significantly. Pasting temperature was increased from 65°C (100% wheat flour) to 91°C (100% millet flour). Water holding capacity of pure wheat flour was higher (75%) as compared to pure water washed millet flour (61%) and pure alkali washed millet flour (67%). Cookies hardness was reduced in the presence of millet flour. Hardness of the cookies prepared form pure wheat flour was 7497 grams which was gradually reduced with higher levels of millet flour (4000 grams). Fracturability values of cookies with higher millet flour were higher as compared to control cookies (prepared from 100% wheat flour). Cookies prepared from blends having more that 50% millet flour were not much liked by sensory panelists. Overall, it can be concluded that good quality, low gluten cookies can be prepared by 50% replacement of wheat flour with millet flour.Support or Funding InformationResearch Center at college of Food Sciences and Agricultural
24‐weeks exposure of oxidized tyrosine products is associated with apoptosis of pancreatic β cells in SD rats
Authors: Ding Yinyi , Li Zhuqing , Zhao Qi , Ran Yumei , Shi Yonghui , Le Guowei 
Published: November 2023

Oxidative production of protein oxidation is reported to be associated with diabetes mellitus and other metabolic syndrome. SD male rats were divided into 4 groups (n=8). The CON group was fed a standard diet. The Tyr group received standard diet together with 0.4% (w/w) tyrosine. The OTP 1 group received standard diet together with 0.4% (w/w) OTPs. The OTP 2 group received standard diet together with 0.8% (w/w) OTPs. Our results showed that oral OTPs contributed to hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. qRT‐PCR analysis indicated OTPs induced down‐regulation of insulin synthesis related genes’ mRNA level (PDX‐1, MafA, Gck, Glut2, CREB). OTPs also triggered apoptosis in pancreas by changing the anti‐/pro‐apoptosis genes’ mRNA level (Bcl‐2, Bax, Caspase 3, Caspase 9). Moreover, histopathological examination (HE‐staining and TUNEL staining) demonstrated the pancreatic β cells death. Together with all the data above, we suggested that dietary oxidized tyrosine products might induce bio‐function loss of insulin secretion by causing apoptosis of pancreatic β cells, and it could be a potential risk factor of type 1 diabetes.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by 12th Five‐year Plan for Science and Technology Development of China (No. 2012BAD33B05) and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Providence (No. BK20140147).
Ex vivo Analysis of Chorioallantoic Fusion Shows that TMED2 is Required in the Chorion for Normal Placental Development
Authors: Hou Wenyang , Jerome‐Majewska Loydie Anne 
Published: November 2023

Development of the labyrinth layer of the mouse placenta proceeds rapidly after a process called chorioallantoic fusion. As a consequence of chorioallantoic fusion the chorion and allantois attach and a subset of chorionic trophoblast cells differentiate into syncytiotrophoblast. Chorioallantoic fusion and subsequent events remains poorly described, partly due to difficulties in ex vivo analysis of the placenta. We report conditions for ex vivo culture of the developing murine placenta and preliminary analysis of placental development in Tmed2 homozygous mutant embryos. Anti‐mesometrial halves of decidua containing pre‐attachment chorions were cultured alone or with explants of allantoides from stage‐matched embryos. Histology, confocal and immunofluorescence microscopy were used for morphological analysis. In situ hybridization and qRT‐PCR were used for molecular analysis. Wildtype Explants cultured without an allantois proliferated with no morphological or molecular initiation of labyrinth layer formation. However, chorions of wildtype explants from eGFP positive embryos co‐cultured with stage‐matched wildtype allantoides from eGFP negative embryos or vice versa remained associated, with rare mixing of eGFP positive and negative cells after 12 hours of culture. By 24 hours, a mosaic pattern of eGFP positive and negative cells was found, with increased proliferation in the allantoic region and branching morphogenesis in the chorionic region. In addition, although expression of the syncytiotrophoblast (SynT) cell type‐II marker Gcm1 increased over culture time, expression of the SynT‐I marker, Syncytin A, decreased and expression of the spongiotrophoblast cell marker Tpbpα was only maintained in explants co‐cultured with an allantois. Recombination of Tmed2 homozygous mutant explants from eGFP positive embryos with wildtype allantoides of eGFP negative embryos, and vice versa, suggest that Tmed2 is required in the chorion for initiation of trophoblast differentiation. In addition, increased cell death was found in tissues from Tmed2 homozygous mutant embryos. Our data show that chorioallantoic fusion and events associated with initiation of labyrinth layer formation can be modeled ex vivo, and reveal a previously unsuspected requirement for chorioallantoic fusion for Tpbpα expression. Our data further suggest that TMED2 is required cell‐autonomously in he chorion for Trophoblast differentiation and cell survival.Support or Funding InformationNSERC grant number 214976
Increasing dietary nitrate has no effects on bone loss in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Conley Melissa N. , Iwaniec Urszula , Hord Norman 
Published: November 2023

ScopeEvidence suggests a diet rich in fruits and vegetables reduce bone loss in older adults, although the specific compounds responsible are not known. The objective of the present study was to investigate the capability of dietary nitrate, a component in leafy green vegetables, to reduce bone turnover and loss in an ovariectomized rat model.Methods and resultsSix‐month‐old, female Sprague Dawley rats either sham‐operated (sham) and fed TD.2018 diet (control) or ovariectomized (OVX) were fed either the control diet with no added nitrate, control diet plus 0.1 mmol nitrate/kg bw/day, or 1.0 mmol nitrate/kg bw/day corresponding to OVX control, low‐ (LDN) and high‐ (HDN) dose nitrate, respectively, for three weeks. Serum bone turnover markers (i.e. collagen type 1 cross‐linked C‐telopeptide (CTX) and osteocalcin), bone mass, bone mineral density, histomorphometric parameters, and bone quality parameters were examined. OVX resulted in increased bone turnover and cancellous bone loss. Three weeks of LDN or HDN supplementation had no beneficial effect on the skeleton of an ovariectomized rat model of bone loss.ConclusionsThese in vivo data indicate dietary nitrate does not slow bone turnover and loss in an OVX rat model of osteoporosis.Support or Funding Information: This work was funded in part by the OSU Environmental Health Sciences Core Pilot Project Grant Program. M.C. is supported by a NSF Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Research Training Fellowship.
Dietary supplementation of Walnuts could reduce MPP+ induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY 5Y cells
Authors: Essa Musthafa Mohamed , Al‐Adawi Samir , Manivasagam Thamilarasan , Guiilemin Gilles J , Thenmozhi Arokiasamy Justin 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveOxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction mediated neuronal apoptosis is reported to play a major role in the pathology of Parkinson's disease. Walnuts are able to offer protection to neurodegenerative disease models and rich in natural antioxidants. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of walnut extract against 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+) induced neurotoxicity in SH‐SY‐5Y cell lines.MethodsThe effect of Walnut extract on MPP+ induced cell viability (MTT ‐ 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay), membrane damage ‐(lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), oxidative stress (levels of ROS, nitric oxide and GSH and activities of SOD and catalase), mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis (activity of caspase 3 and protein expressions of cyt. c, Bax and Bcl‐2) were measured.ResultsOur results showed that walnuts extract could be able to reduce the neurotoxicity of MPP+ and offer neuroprotection in vitro.ConclusionThis protective effect of walnuts might be mediated by its potent antioxidant properties. However, further research is necessary to isolate active compounds and performing preclinical and clinical studies to confirm the neuroprotective effects of walnuts in PD.Support or Funding InformationThe support provided by Internal grant from CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University (IG/AGR/FOOD/14/01) is highly acknowledged.