bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a zero waste approach: Utilization of sugarcane bagasse for dye removal and multienzymes production
Authors: Ejaz Uroosa , Taj Ayaz , Sohail Muhammad , Alanazi Abdullah K. , Abo‐dief Hala M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGlobal production of sugarcane bagasse (SB) by sugar industries exceeds more than 100 tons per annum. SB is rich in lignin and polysaccharide and hence can serve as a low‐cost energy and carbon source for the growth of industrially important microorganism. However, various other applications of SB have also been investigated. In this study, SB was used as an adsorbent to remove an azo dye, malachite green. Subsequently, the dye‐adsorbed SB was fermented by Trametes pubescens MB 89 for the production of laccase enzyme. The fungal pretreated SB was further utilized as a substrate for the simultaneous production of multiple plant cell wall degrading enzymes including, cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, and amylase by thermophilic bacterial strains. Results showed that 0.1% SB removed 97.04% malachite green at 30°C after 30 min from a solution containing 66 ppm of the dye. Fermentation of the dye‐adsorbed SB by T. pubescens MB 89 yielded 667.203 IU mL−1 laccase. Moreover, Brevibacillus borstelensis UE10 produced 38.41 and 18.6 IU mL−1 β‐glucosidase and pectinase, respectively, by using fungal‐pretreated SB. Cultivation of B. borstelensis UE27 in the medium containing the same substrate yielded 32.14 IU mL−1 of endoglucanase and 27.23 IU mL−1 of β‐glucosidase. Likewise, Neobacillus sedimentimangrovi UE25 could produce a mix of β‐glucosidase (37.24 IU mL−1), xylanase (18.65 IU mL−1) and endoglucanase (26.65 IU mL−1). Hence, this study led to the development of a method through which dye‐containing textile effluent can be treated by SB along with the production of industrially important enzymes.
2023 International Consensus Meeting on musculoskeletal infection: Summary from the treatment workgroup and consensus on treatment in preclinical models
Authors: Jennings Jessica Amber , Arts Jacobus J. , Abuhussein Ezzuddin , Alt Volker , Ashton Nicholas , Baertl Susanne , Bhattacharyya Sanjib , Cain Jarrett D. , Dintakurthi Yogita , Ducheyne Paul , Duffy Hannah , Falconer Robert , Gautreaux Malley , Gianotti Sofia , Hamilton John L. , Hylen Annika , van Hoogstraten Sanne , Libos Andres , Markovics Adrienn , Mdingi Vuyisa , Montgomery Emily C. , Morgenstern Mario , Obremskey William , Priddy Lauren B. , Tate Jermiah , Ren Youliang , Ricciardi Benjamin , Tucker Luke J. , Weeks Jason , Vanvelk Niels , Williams Dustin , Xie Chao , Hickok Noreen , Schwarz Edward M. , Fintan Moriarty T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn vitro and in vivo studies are critical for the preclinical efficacy assessment of novel therapies targeting musculoskeletal infections (MSKI). Many preclinical models have been developed and applied as a prelude to evaluating safety and efficacy in human clinical trials. In performing these studies, there is both a requirement for a robust assessment of efficacy, as well as a parallel responsibility to consider the burden on experimental animals used in such studies. Since MSKI is a broad term encompassing infections varying in pathogen, anatomical location, and implants used, there are also a wide range of animal models described modeling these disparate infections. Although some of these variations are required to adequately evaluate specific interventions, there would be enormous value in creating a unified and standardized criteria to animal testing in the treatment of MSKI. The Treatment Workgroup of the 2023 International Consensus Meeting on Musculoskeletal Infection was responsible for questions related to preclinical models for treatment of MSKI. The main objective was to review the literature related to priority questions and estimate consensus opinion after voting. This document presents that process and results for preclinical models related to (1) animal model considerations, (2) outcome measurements, and (3) imaging.
The Na+/Ca2+ antiporter slr0681 affects carotenoid production in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under high‐light stress
Authors: Zhang Jiaye , Zhong Huairong , Xuan Ning , Mushtaq Rubina , Shao Yahui , Cao Xue , Wang Pengchong , Chen Gao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarotenoids play key roles in photosynthesis and are widely used in foods as natural pigments, antioxidants, and health‐promoting compounds. Enhancing carotenoid production in microalgae via biotechnology has become an important area of research.RESULTSWe knocked out the Na+/Ca2+ antiporter gene slr0681 in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 via homologous recombination and evaluated the effects on carotenoid production under normal (NL) and high‐light (HL) conditions. On day 7 of NL treatment in calcium ion (Ca2+)‐free medium, the cell density of Δslr0681 decreased by 29% compared to the wild type (WT). After 8 days of HL treatment, the total carotenoid contents decreased by 35% in Δslr0681, and the contents of individual carotenoids were altered: myxoxanthophyll, echinenone, and β‐carotene contents increased by 10%, 50%, and 40%, respectively, while zeaxanthin contents decreased by ~40% in Δslr0681 versus the WT. The expression patterns of carotenoid metabolic pathway genes also differed: ipi expression increased by 1.2‐ to 8.5‐fold, whereas crtO and crtR expression decreased by ~90% and 60%, respectively, in ∆slr0681 versus the WT. In addition, in ∆slr0681, the expression level of psaB (encoding a photosystem I structural protein) doubled, whereas the expression levels of the photosystem II genes psbA2 and psbD decreased by ~53% and 84%, respectively, compared to the WT.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that slr0681 plays important roles in regulating carotenoid biosynthesis and structuring of the photosystems in Synechocystis sp. This study provides a theoretical basis for the genetic engineering of microalgae photosystems to increase their economic benefits and lays the foundation for developing microalgae germplasm resources with high carotenoid contents. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Preparation of branched polyethyleneimine‐assisted boronic acid‐functionalized magnetic MXene for the enrichment of catecholamines in urine samples
Authors: Yang Cheng , Hu Kai , Zhao Yuanqing , Liu Xiaobing , Li Lixin , Zeng Huahui , Zhang Zhenqiang , Zhang Shusheng 
Published: December 2023

Herein, a magnetic borate‐functionalized MXene composite with multiple boronic affinity sites was fabricated by embedding Fe3O4 nanoparticles with 4‐formylphenylboronic acid functionalized Ti3C2Tx nanosheets and served as sorbent for the simultaneous extraction of catecholamines (CAs) in urine samples. The morphology and structure of the magnetic materials were investigated using scanning microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer, and X‐ray diffraction. The introduction of polyethyleneimine can amplify the bonded boronic acid groups, thereby effectively improving the adsorption capacities for CAs based on the multiple interactions of boronic affinity, hydrogen bonding, and metal coordination. The adsorption performance was investigated using the kinetics and isotherms models, and the main parameters that influence the extraction efficiency were optimized. Under the most favorable magnetic solid‐phase extraction condition, a sensitive method for the analysis of CAs in urine samples was developed by combining magnetic solid‐phase extraction conditions with high‐performance liquid chromatography detection. The findings illustrated that the proposed approach possessed a wide linearity range of 0.05–250 ng/mL with an acceptable correlation coefficient (R2 ≥ 0.9984) and detection limits of 0.010–0.015 ng/mL for the target CAs. The research not only provides a notable composite with multiple boronic affinity sites but also offers an effective and feasible measure for the detection of CAs in biological samples.
Preoperative Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Predicts Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma as Accurately as Contrast‐Enhanced MR
Authors: Wang Cuiwei , Zhang Teng , Sun Shuwen , Ye Xinhua , Wang Yali , Pan Minhong , Shi Haibin 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesBoth contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance (CEMR) are important imaging methods for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to establish a model using preoperative CEUS parameters to predict microvascular invasion (MVI) in HCC, and compare its predictive efficiency with that of CEMR model.MethodsA total of 93 patients with HCC (39 cases in MVI positive group and 54 cases in MVI negative group) who underwent surgery in our hospital from January 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Their clinical and imaging data were collected to establish CEUS and CEMR models for predicting MVI. The predictive efficiencies of both models were compared.ResultsBy the univariate and multivariate regression analyses of patients' clinical information, preoperative CEUS static and dynamic images, we found that serrated edge and time to peak were independent predictors of MVI. The CEUS prediction model achieved a sensitivity of 92.3%, a specificity of 83.3%, and an accuracy of 84.6% (Az: 0.934). By analyzing the clinical and CEMR information, we found that tumor morphology, fast‐in and fast‐out, peritumoral enhancement, and capsule were independent predictors of MVI. The CEMR prediction model achieved a sensitivity of 97.4%, a specificity of 77.8%, and an accuracy of 83.2% (Az: 0.900). The combination of the two models achieved a sensitivity of 84.6%, a specificity of 87.0%, and an accuracy of 86.2% (Az: 0.884). There was no significant statistical difference in the areas under the ROC curve of the three models.ConclusionThe CEUS model and the CEMR model have similar predictive efficiencies for MVI of HCC. CEUS is also an effective method to predict MVI before operation.
Identification of potential forest thinning locations to mitigate water deficits in drylands
Authors: Wang Chenxu , Liu Yanxu , Zhang Yaosheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAppropriate forest thinning measures can mitigate the conflicting relationship between past excessive afforestation and current increasing regional water deficiency in dryland ecosystems. However, since blind intervention in forest landscapes may incur additional economic costs and cause the loss of ecosystem services, forest thinning in drylands mostly exists in scientific discussions and is seldom implemented in reality. In this study, we propose an advanced technical route to predict the spatial arrangement of potential forest thinning locations under different policy scenarios. Taking Shanxi Province in China as a case study, we simulated eight policy scenarios for different stakeholders to assess the benefits and costs after forest thinning in the future. The results show that a water deficit of 533 million m3 exists in Shanxi Province that could potentially be mitigated by means of forest thinning. Under different policy scenarios, the thinned area ranged from 1142.91 to 1195.47 km2, which would result in an additional soil loss of 1.77–3.02 million m3/year and a loss of carbon sequestration of 3.15–3.24 million t/year. Considering both soil conservation and food security scenarios can help minimize the direct costs and loss of forest carbon sequestration capacity and maintain a sustainable landscape pattern. The method can be used as a decision support tool to identify the potential locations of forest thinning and resulting consequences under water scarcity conditions in drylands and to support stakeholders in making scientific adaptive forest landscape optimization decisions.
CanChatGPThelp patients answer their otolaryngology questions?
Authors: Zalzal Habib G. , Abraham Ariel , Cheng Jenhao , Shah Rahul K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundOver the past year, the world has been captivated by the potential of artificial intelligence (AI). The appetite for AI in science, specifically healthcare is huge. It is imperative to understand the credibility of large language models in assisting the public in medical queries.ObjectiveTo evaluate the ability of ChatGPT to provide reasonably accurate answers to public queries within the domain of Otolaryngology.MethodsTwo board‐certified otolaryngologists (HZ, RS) inputted 30 text‐based patient queries into the ChatGPT‐3.5 model. ChatGPT responses were rated by physicians on a scale (accurate, partially accurate, incorrect), while a similar 3‐point scale involving confidence was given to layperson reviewers. Demographic data involving gender and education level was recorded for the public reviewers. Inter‐rater agreement percentage was based on binomial distribution for calculating the 95% confidence intervals and performing significance tests. Statistical significance was defined asp < .05 for two‐sided tests.ResultsIn testing patient queries, both Otolaryngology physicians found that ChatGPT answered 98.3% of questions correctly, but only 79.8% (range 51.7%–100%) of patients were confident that the AI model was accurate in its responses (corrected agreement = 0.682;p < .001). Among the layperson responses, the corrected coefficient was of moderate agreement (0.571;p < .001). No correlation was noted among age, gender, or education level for the layperson responses.ConclusionChatGPT is highly accurate in responding to questions posed by the public with regards to Otolaryngology from a physician standpoint. Public reviewers were not fully confident in believing the AI model, with subjective concerns related to less trust in AI answers compared to physician explanation. Larger evaluations with a representative public sample and broader medical questions should immediately be conducted by appropriate organizations, governing bodies, and/or governmental agencies to instill public confidence in AI and ChatGPT as a medical resource.Level of Evidence4.
Linear extension and calcification rates in a cold‐water, crustose coralline alga are modulated by temperature, light, and salinity
Authors: Gould Jessica , Ries Justin B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLong‐lived crustose coralline algae are important ecosystem engineers and environmental archives in regions where observations of climate variability are sparse. Clathromorphum compactum is a cold‐water alga that precipitates calcite that serve as archives of change at annual to sub‐annual resolution. Understanding how environmental variability impacts the growth of this species is imperative for application in paleoclimate research, and for evaluating its vulnerability to change. Here, we present the results of the first, to‐our‐knowledge, controlled laboratory experiment isolating the effects of light, temperature, and salinity on calcification rates of C. compactum. Algal calcification rates were modulated by a combination of light exposure, salinity, and temperature, where temperature and salinity were positively correlated, and light level was negatively correlated with calcification rate. Linear extension of the skeleton also varied with treatment conditions, with the epithallial and perithallial layers of skeleton responding differently. Epithallial extension increased with salinity, while perithallial extension was governed only by a positive parabolic relationship with temperature. These results suggest that C. compactum growth will be impacted by environmental changes predicted for the Arctic over the coming decades. While increased temperature in the region may facilitate calcification in the algae, reductions in salinity associated with increased sea ice melt, and potentially increased light levels, may counteract this effect. The negative impact of increased light levels on algal calcification observed may not reflect the true impact of light availability on growth associated with a lengthening of the growing season (not evaluated in this study) accompanying reductions in annual sea‐ice.
Self‐Compression of High Energy Ultrashort Laser Pulses
Authors: Ran Qiandong , Li Hao , Chang Wonkeun , Wang QiJie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNonlinear pulse compression techniques have been applied widely in the pursuit of ultra‐intense laser pulse with extremely high pulse energy (≈mJ) and extremely short pulse duration (≈sub‐10 fs). Although postcompression techniques using dispersive gratings or chirped mirrors have achieved 1 TW few‐cycle pulses, further increasing of the pulse intensity is limited by the damage threshold of dispersive optics, especially when self‐focusing and ionization in the propagation medium are considered. To overcome such limitations, ultrashort pulses self‐compression techniques without vulnerable dispersive optics have been explored in the past two decades. In this paper, the latest advances in these techniques will be reviewed with a discussion on the progress of various experimental approaches as well as their potential applications and roles in generating extremely intense optical fields for strong‐field physics research.
High‐performance MoS2 Homojunction Photodiode Enabled by Facile Van der Waals Contacts with 2D Perovskite
Authors: Lu Yueheng , Zhan Zhenye , Tan Jinbiao , Lai Haojie , Liu Pengyi , Zhou Yang , Xie Weiguang 
Published: December 2023

Abstractp–n junction, as an important part of modern electronics and integrated circuits, is the basis of various functional devices. Compared with heterojunctions, 2D p–n homojunctions preclude interface problems and have greater potential in ultra‐sensitive photodetection. Here, through simple van der Waals contacts with a 2D perovskite layer, it is realized efficient p‐type doping of MoS2 and constructed a high‐performance photodiode based on MoS2 homogeneous p–n junction. The dark current is as low as 10−12 A, with an ideality factor of 1.3. Under illumination, the open circuit voltage of the device can reach up to 0.7 V. In addition, under zero bias, the device exhibits a high responsivity of 529 mA W−1 and a fast response time of 105/109 µs. This work not only provides a facile and stable method to construct the MoS2 p–n homojunction but also opens up possibilities for new‐type 2D‐based optoelectronic devices and technologies.
Dynamic pricing strategies for multi‐type knowledge payment products: A system dynamics approach
Authors: Guo Jiayuan , Bian Yijie , Li Ming , Chen Xu , Fan Xiangting 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith the emergence of knowledge economy, knowledge payment has become an essential means of knowledge circulation. This study employs a system dynamics approach and integrates signal theory and customer value perception to investigate the dynamic pricing strategies for various knowledge payment products from the perspective of knowledge producers. First, this study analyzes the categories of knowledge payment products and proposes a theoretical research framework for designing dynamic pricing strategies for different products categories. Second, this study identifies the key factors that impact the profitability of knowledge payment platforms and construct a system dynamics model of product pricing strategies for knowledge payment platforms; next, three typical knowledge payment products on Zhihu Live are chosen as research objects, and system dynamics equations are constructed to simulate the profitability changes of different types of products in different periods. Finally, the results of simulation and sensitivity analysis are combined to select dynamic pricing strategies for different products types. This study offers an innovative exploration of multi‐stage pricing strategies for different types of knowledge payment products, which fills the gap in existing research and provides more scientific suggestions for knowledge producers and consumers in terms of knowledge transactions.
A digital male pelvis phantom series showing anatomical variations over the course of fractionated radiotherapy treatment
Authors: Faddegon Bruce , Descovich Martina , Chen Katherine , Ramos‐Méndez José , III Mack Roach , Wahl Niklas , Taylor Paige , Griffin Keith , Lee Choonsik 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundDaily IGRT images show day‐to‐day anatomical variations in patients undergoing fractionated prostate radiotherapy. This is of particular importance in particle beam treatments.PurposeTo develop a digital phantom series showing variation in pelvic anatomy for evaluating treatment planning and IGRT procedures in particle radiotherapy.MethodsA pelvic phantom series was developed from the planning MRI and kVCT (planning CT) images along with six of the daily serial MVCT images taken of a single patient treated with a full bladder on a Tomotherapy unit. The selected patient had clearly visible yet unexceptional internal anatomy variation. Prostate, urethra, bladder, rectum, bowel, bowel gas, bone and soft tissue were contoured and a single Hounsfield Unit was assigned to each region. Treatment plans developed on the kVCT for photon, proton and carbon beams were recalculated on each phantom to demonstrate a clinical application of the series. Proton plans were developed with and without robust optimization.ResultsLimited to axial slices with prostate, the bladder volume varied from 6 to 46 cm3, the rectal volume (excluding gas) from 22 to 52 cm3, and rectal gas volume from zero to 18 cm3. The water equivalent path length to the prostate varied by up to 1.5 cm . The variations resulted in larger changes in the RBE‐weighted Dose Volume Histograms of the non‐robust proton plan and the carbon plan compared to the robust proton plan, the latter similar to the photon plan. The prostate coverage (V100%) decreased by an average of 18% in the carbon plan, 16% in the non‐robust proton plan, 1.8% in the robust proton plan, and 4.4% in the photon plan. The volume of rectum receiving 75% of the prescription dose (V75%) increased by an average of 3.7 cm3, 4.7 cm3, 1.9 cm3, and 0.6 cm3 in those four plans, respectively.ConclusionsThe digital pelvic phantom series provides for quantitative investigation of IGRT procedures and new methods for improving accuracy in particle therapy and may be used in cross‐institutional comparisons for clinical trial quality assurance.
Quasi‐hexagonal nanopatterned porous cobalt ferrite thin films prepared via block copolymer self‐assembly
Authors: Castro Alichandra , Ferreira Liliana P. , Godinho Margarida , Rodriguez Brian J. , Vilarinho Paula M. , Ferreira Paula 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe present a novel method for fabricating dense and nanopatterned porous cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) thin films with a remarkable thickness of 65 nm, achieved through direct block copolymer self‐assembly. By decomposing the block copolymer and inducing crystallization of the spinel phase, we successfully produce films exhibiting quasi‐hexagonal arrays of pores with an average diameter ranging from 60 to 80 nm. The resulting nanopatterned porous thin films demonstrate exceptional orderliness, as the pores are intricately designed by the cobalt ferrite grains, and the platinum substrate offers complete accessibility in the pore area. Our findings reveal high magnetization values, comparable to those of bulk CoFe2O4, in the dense film. Additionally, in the case of the nanopatterned porous film, we observed a distinctive contribution of perpendicular magnetization. This innovative approach holds great promise for advanced magnetization and thin‐film engineering applications.