bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ozone‐Induced Rapid and Green Synthesis of Polydopamine Coatings with High Uniformity and Enhanced Stability
Authors: Tan Liru , Zhu Tang , Huang Yuchan , Yuan Huixin , Shi Ludi , Zhu Zijuan , Yao Pingping , Zhu Caizhen , Xu Jian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe development of green, controllable, and simplified pathways for rapid dopamine polymerization holds significant importance in the field of polydopamine (PDA) surface chemistry. In this study, a green strategy is successfully devised to accelerate and control the polymerization of dopamine through the introduction of ozone (O3). The findings reveal that ozone serves as an eco‐friendly trigger, significantly accelerating the dopamine polymerization process across a broad pH range, spanning from 4.0 to 10.0. Notably, the deposition rate of PDA coatings on a silicon wafer reaches an impressive value of ≈64.8 nm h−1 (pH 8.5), which is 30 times higher than that of traditional air‐assisted PDA and comparable to the fastest reported method. Furthermore, ozone exhibits the ability to accelerate dopamine polymerization even under low temperatures. It also enables control over the inhibition–initiation of the polymerization process by regulating the “ON/OFF” mode of the ozone gas. Moreover, the ozone‐induced PDA coatings demonstrate exceptional characteristics, including high homogeneity, good hydrophilicity, and remarkable chemical and mechanical stability. Additionally, the ozone‐induced PDA coatings can be rapidly and effectively deposited onto a wide range of substrates, particularly those that are adhesion‐resistant, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Engineering Sensory Ganglion Multicellular System to Model Tissue Nerve Ingrowth
Authors: Ma Junxuan , Eglauf Janick , Grad Sibylle , Alini Mauro , Serra Tiziano 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDiscogenic pain is associated with deep nerve ingrowth in annulus fibrosus tissue (AF) of intervertebral disc (IVD). To model AF nerve ingrowth, primary bovine dorsal root ganglion (DRG) micro‐scale tissue units are spatially organised around an AF explant by mild hydrodynamic forces within a collagen matrix. This results in a densely packed multicellular system mimicking the native DRG tissue morphology and a controlled AF‐neuron distance. Such a multicellular organisation is essential to evolve populational‐level cellular functions and in vivo‐like morphologies. Pro‐inflammatory cytokine‐primed AF demonstrates its neurotrophic and neurotropic effects on nociceptor axons. Both effects are dependent on the AF‐neuron distance underpinning the role of recapitulating inter‐tissue/organ anatomical proximity when investigating their crosstalk. This is the first in vitro model studying AF nerve ingrowth by engineering mature and large animal tissues in a morphologically and physiologically relevant environment. The new approach can be used to biofabricate multi‐tissue/organ models for untangling pathophysiological conditions and develop novel therapies.
Highly Energy‐Efficient Spin‐Orbit‐Torque Magnetoresistive Memory with Amorphous W─Ta─B Alloys
Authors: Hibino Yuki , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Yakushiji Kay , Taniguchi Tomohiro , Kubota Hitoshi , Yuasa Shinji 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe spin Hall effect enables fast and reliable writing operations for next‐generation spin‐orbit‐torque magnetoresistive random‐access memories (SOT‐MRAMs). To develop SOT‐MRAMs; however, the spin Hall material should have a sufficiently low writing energy and high annealing stability for the semiconductor integration process. Thus far, none of the crystalline‐based spin Hall materials are able to satisfy these requirements. Here, a promising solution for SOT‐MRAMs is provided using amorphous W─Ta─B alloys. Even without a long‐range crystal order, W─Ta─B alloys exhibit both large effective spin Hall angles up to 40% derived from a Ta substitutional doping and superior annealing stability (up to 400 °C) due to the addition of B, enabling them to satisfy both requirements. Nanoscale three‐terminal SOT‐MRAM cells are fabricated, and these are demonstrated to have high magnetoresistance ratios (up to 130%) and extremely low intrinsic switching current densities (down to 4 × 106 A cm−2). These results show that amorphous spin Hall materials can provide the key for realizing high‐performance SOT‐MRAMs.
Enhancement of Conformality of Silicon Nitride Thin Films by ABC‐Type Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Kim Jiwon , Yeon Changbong , Cho Deok‐Hyun , Jung Jaesun , Shong Bonggeun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAtomic layer deposition (ALD) is utilized for the fabrication of miniaturized electronic devices with nanometer‐scale features. However, the conventional ALD process on high‐aspect‐ratio (HAR) substrates often results in the deposition of thin films with suboptimal conformality over the depth of the trench structures. This study introduces an ABC‐type ALD of silicon nitride (SiNx) employing vapor‐deliverable tert‐butyl chloride (TBC) as a surface inhibitor. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate the surface reaction mechanisms, confirming the inhibition of the Si precursor by the t‐butyl moiety. Notably, the ABC‐type ALD exhibits reduced growth per cycle relative to the conventional process while avoiding detectable carbon contamination in the SiNx thin films. Applying this process to substrates with trench structures revealed a substantial improvement in conformality following the introduction of TBC. Furthermore, the step coverage of the deposited SiNx can be modulated by adjusting TBC exposure, enabling greater film thickness at the bottom than that at the top of the trench. The proposed method of modulating ALD processes holds potential for the high‐volume manufacturing of semiconductor devices with HAR structures.
Constructing LiCl‐Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase by High Amine‐Containing 1,2,4,5‐Benzenetetramine Tetrahydrochloride Additive
Authors: Lin Zhihua , Bettels Frederik , Li Taoran , Satheesh Sreeja K , Liu Yuping , Zhang Chaofeng , Ding Fei , Zhang Lin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStrategies that aim to achieve highly stable lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are extensively explored. To date, the controlled formation of high‐quality inorganic SEI is still quite challenging, which requires a deep understanding and hence the fine‐tuning of solvation chemistry by using functional additives in the electrolyte. In this work, a high amine‐containing 1,2,4,5‐benzenetetramine tetrahydrochloride (BHCL) is developed as a dual‐function electrolyte additive for LMBs. The amine group with a high donor number increases the lithium affinity, while the phenyl group with a strong inductive effect prevents the decomposition of solvents, and the free chloride ions replace anions mediating the formation of the rigid inorganic LiCl‐rich SEI layer. The experimental results corroborate the theoretical findings. The modified Li||Li symmetric battery is stably cycled for over 2500 h at 1 mA cm−2 current density with an overpotential of ≈45 mV. The performances of the Li||Cu and Li||LFP cells are also significantly enhanced. Therefore, this work provides a promising design principle of multifunctional electrolyte additive.
Influence of planting date, maturity group, and harvest timing on soybean yield and seed quality
Authors: Campos Priscila , Miller Donnie , Copes Josh , Netterville Melanie , Brown Sebe , Price Trey , Moseley David , Genetimis Thanos , Egbedi Peters , Parvej Rasel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs in other soybean‐producing regions in the United States, planting date and maturity group (MG) are two of the most important factors, along with variety selection and timely harvest, that can set the stage to optimize soybean yield potential in Louisiana. Limited data are available on the effect of these factors along with harvest timing on soybean seed quality. Field studies evaluated the influence of planting date, MG, and harvest timing on soybean yield and seed quality at the Louisiana State University AgCenter Northeast, Macon Ridge, and Dean Lee Research Stations in 2018–2020. Soybean yield was optimized when MG 4 and 5 soybean varieties were planted between mid‐April and mid‐May. Earlier and later planting dates did not result in maximum yield. Planting date effects on seed quality, however, were negligible. Greatest soybean quality was obtained when planting relative maturities (RM) 5.4–6.0 soybean; however, as indicated in the planting date study, yield was not maximized. Planting RM 3.0–4.4 soybean varieties in Louisiana resulted in lower seed quality. Soybean varieties within RM 4.5–5.3 resulted in acceptable seed quality and maximum yield in Louisiana, assuming plants are harvested at the optimum harvest timing (when seed reaches 13% moisture) and not delayed 14–28 days.
Estimating adult age categories in commingled skeletons with Transition Analysis 3
Authors: Bolster Alyssa L. , JeanLouis Hannah J. , Gregoricka Lesley A. , Ullinger Jaime M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe estimate adult age frequencies from Unar 1 and Unar 2, two late Umm an‐Nar (2400–2100 BCE) tombs in the modern‐day Emirate of Ras al‐Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. These collective tombs each contained hundreds of skeletons in commingled, fragmented, and variably cremated states. Previous studies placed the vast majority of this mortuary community in a generalized “adult” category, as have most analyses of similar tombs from this period. We sought to test how adult age estimation methods compare in identifying young, middle, and old‐age individuals in commingled assemblages.Materials and MethodsWe employed Transition Analysis 3 (TA3) and traditional age estimation methods to generate adult age frequencies for each tomb. We compared these frequencies between tomb contexts as well as by method.ResultsUnar 1 and Unar 2 had similar adult age frequencies within each method, but TA3 age frequencies included significantly more middle and older adult individuals than those generated by traditional methods.DiscussionThese results support findings of earlier iterations of transition analysis in regard to sensitivity in old adult age estimation, compared with traditional methods. Our findings indicate a potential use of TA3 in reconstructing age frequencies and mortality profiles in commingled skeletal assemblages. Increasing our understanding of everyday life in the distant past necessitates better understandings of adult age, and here, we illustrate how age estimation method choice significantly changes bioarchaeological interpretations of aging in Bronze Age Arabia.Research Highlights
Adult age estimation using TA3 revealed significantly more middle and older adults than traditional methods in two commingled tombs.
Similar mean maximum likelihood point estimates by side and across skeletal elements were found between tombs.
Threatened aquatic Andean frogs and mining activity in the Lithium Triangle of South America: Can both coexist?
Authors: Salica María J. , Gastón María S. , Akmentins Mauricio S. , Vaira Marcos 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe aquatic Andean frogs of genusTelmatobiusare one of the most threatened amphibian taxa, with many species having suffered drastic declines and even possible extinction. The Laguna de los Pozuelos' rusted frogTelmatobius rubigois a fully aquatic species that inhabits lotic systems in the Argentinean vertex of the Lithium Triangle of South America.This study estimated the environmental suitability of an area and geographical distribution ofT. rubigothrough an ecological niche model. This study also aimed to assess the possible extent of impacts related to mining operations on this threatened species.The ecological niche model ofT. rubigowas obtained using specific freshwater habitat variables and the MaxEnt algorithm. The possible extent of impacts related to mining operations was evaluated by overlaying the mining tenure and the estimated distribution ofT. rubigoresulting from the model.According to the ecological niche models,T. rubigocould occupy 2,001 km2in four Argentine basins and three hydrographical units of southern Bolivia and is unlikely to occur in northern Chile. Five environmental variables had the highest contribution to the best selected model: shrub coverture, soil pH, soil organic carbon, and two variables related to the upstream air temperature. The suitable area forT. rubigooverlaps with mining operations by 61.8%.We advise the local communities, governmental environmental agencies, mining companies, and environmental assessors to consider the presence of threatenedTelmatobiusspecies in areas subject to mining to protect them and their environment. We encourage incorporating the aquatic Andean frogs as key species into management, environmental monitoring, and remediation plans.
Mucilage‐assisted fabrication of molybdenum trioxide nanostructures for photothermal ablation of breast cancer cells
Authors: Alomari Reem A. , Athinarayanan Jegan , Periasamy Vaiyapuri Subbarayan , Alshatwi Ali A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNanostructures have been used for various biomedical applications due to their optical, antibacterial, magnetic, antioxidant, and biocompatible properties. Cancer is a prevalent disease that severely threatens human life and health. Thus, innovative and effective therapeutic approaches are urgently required for cancer. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising approach to killing cancer cells. In this investigation, we developed a low‐cost, simple, green technique to fabricate molybdenum trioxide nanostructures (MNs) using Opuntia ficus‐indica mucilage as a template. Moreover, the MNs were functionalized with folic acid (FA) for cancer PTT. The X‐ray diffractometer results revealed that the prepared MNs have an orthorhombic crystal phase. The transmission electron microscope image of MNs shows a flake shape with 20–150 nm diameter. The cytotoxicity of MNs and FA‐conjugated MNs was studied in vitro. These cell viability assay results suggested that fabricated MoO3 nanostructures reduced 25% of cell viability in MCF‐7 cells, even at high doses. However, even with high‐dose treatment, FA/MNs do not cause significant cell death. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining revealed DNA and chromatin condensation in MCF‐7 cells exposed to MNs. Overall, the in vitro study results suggested that FA/MNs have excellent biocompatibility, which applies to biomedical applications. MNs dispersion temperature gradually increases from 26 to 58°C under 808 nm laser irradiation. We found significant mortality rates after NIR irradiation in MNs‐ or FA/MNs‐treated MCF‐7 cells. These findings suggest that FA/MNs can be used as an effective photothermal agent to treat breast cancer.
Building sustainable and decent refugee livelihoods through adult education? Interplay between policies and realities of five refugee groups
Authors: Dagar Preeti 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMost of the world's refugees live in Global South countries, where they struggle to find quality education and opportunities for decent livelihoods. This paper explores the underexamined yet highly relevant interlinkage between sustainable livelihoods and adult learning among urban refugees residing in three major cities in India. It speaks to the tight intersection of education, livelihoods and aspirations of five refugee communities: Afghan, Rohingya, Somali, Chin and Tibetan. Building on interviews, focus groups and participatory drawing sessions involving 66 refugee and staff respondents, the study highlights the refugees' extremely limited learning opportunities, which result in low skills and being forced to take discriminatory and undignified work in the informal sector. By integrating the capabilities approach with sustainable livelihoods, the paper argues for more diverse educational opportunities and a broader understanding of refugee livelihoods that goes beyond pure economics to encompass consideration of freedom and human dignity.
School staff's views on causes of early school leaving in regular secondary and adult education: Identifying the role of individual, job‐related and school climate characteristics
Authors: De Coninck David , Clycq Noel , Van Praag Lore 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding early school leaving (ESL) remains a key issue on political and academic agendas. Most research focuses on the experiences of young people who intend to leave or have left school early without a qualification from secondary education. In addition, most studies focus on regular secondary schools. We aim to add to this literature by studying how school staff in regular secondary and adult education schools explain ESL, and to understand how both groups' views differ. We also study whether school climate has an effect on the explanations of ESL given by staff. We analysed survey data collected in Flanders (northern part of Belgium) among 780 staff members using exploratory factor analysis and multilevel modelling. Findings indicate that staff in adult education have moderate views on the causes of ESL compared to staff in regular education. Staff in adult education have a strong focus on student‐focused explanations for ESL, rather than on contextual or systemic explanations. Future research could delve deeper into the impact of school characteristics, conduct more cross‐comparative research and/or include more views on diversity. Policymakers could prioritise the follow‐up of ESL, including feedback mechanisms to inform school staff on reasons why individual students decided to leave school early.
Middle leaders' identity–practice framings: A site‐ontological view of identity in and as practice
Authors: Edwards‐Groves Christine , Grootenboer Peter , Petrie Kirsten , Rönnerman Karin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an examination of identity in and as practice as it relates to a group of educational practitioners known as middle leaders. Drawing on the theory of practice architectures as a site‐ontological approach for conceptualising educational leading, the paper considers an individual's identity as being informed by, and accomplished amidst, the sayings, doings and relatings of practice. Although theorising the connections between identity and practice is not new, a central argument presented is that identity occurs at the nexus of the individual and social practices. Data are drawn from an empirical study of the practices of nine middle leaders responsible for facilitating a district‐wide initiative aiming to improve literacy pedagogy in their particular primary schools. Thematic analysis of semi‐structured interviews with the middle leaders revealed 11 identity–practice framings which evolve over time and space, negotiated in response to site‐based conditions. Findings contribute to understandings about the dynamic multifaceted nature of middle leaders' identities.
Self‐attention based generative adversarial network with Aquila optimization algorithm espoused energy aware cluster head selection in WSN
Authors: Soundararajan S. , Tapas Bapu B. R. , Sargunavathi S. , Poonguzhali I. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryWSNs have a wide range of applications, and the effective Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) design includes the best energy optimization techniques. The nodes in wireless sensor networks run on batteries. The existing cluster head selection methods do not take into account the latency and rate of wireless network traffic when optimizing the node's energy constraints. To overcome these issues, a self‐attention based generative adversarial network (SabGAN) with Aquila Optimization Algorithm (AqOA) is proposed for Multi‐Objective Cluster Head Selection and Energy Aware Routing (SabGAN‐AqOA‐EgAwR‐WSN) for secured data transmission in wireless sensor network. The proposed method implements the routing process through cluster head. SabGAN classifiers are utilized to select the CH based on firm fitness functions, including delay, detachment, energy, cluster density, and traffic rate. After the selection of the cluster head, the malicious node gains access to the cluster. Therefore, the ideal path selection is carried out by three parameters: trust, connectivity, and degree of amenity. These three parameters are optimized under proposed AqOA. The data are transferred to the base station with the support of optimum trust path. The proposed SabGAN‐AqOA‐EgAwR‐WSN method is activated in NS2 simulator. Finally, the proposed SabGAN‐AqOA‐EgAwR‐WSN method attains 12.5%, 32.5%, 59.5%, and 32.65% higher alive nodes; 85.71%, 81.25%, 82.63%, and 71.96% lower delay; and 52.25%, 61.65%, 37.83%, and 20.63% higher normalized network energy compared with the existing methods.
Adulthood effects of developmental exercise in rats
Authors: Perez Emma C. , Gehm Kevin H. , Lobo Valeria Gaume , Olvera Marcelle , Leasure J. Leigh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExercise is known to promote efficient function of stress circuitry. The developing brain is malleable and thus exercise during adolescence could potentially exert lasting beneficial effects on the stress response that would be detectable in adulthood. The current study determined whether adolescent wheel running was associated with reduced stress response in adulthood, 6 weeks after cessation of exercise. Male and female adolescent rats voluntarily ran for 6 weeks and then were sedentary for 6 weeks prior to 10 days of chronic restraint stress in adulthood. Fecal corticosterone levels were measured during stress, and escape from the restraint tube was assessed on the final day as a proxy for depressive‐like behavior. Anxiety‐like behavior was measured 24 h later with the elevated plus maze and locomotor behaviors with the open field. Brain and body measurements were taken immediately following behavioral testing. Developmental exercise and adulthood stress both exerted independent effects on physiological and behavioral outcomes in adulthood. Exercise history increased the odds ratio of escape from restraint stress in males, but did not influence other stress‐induced behaviors. In summary, exercise early in life exerted lasting effects, but did not substantially alter the adulthood response to restraint stress.
Immediate and repeat interrogative suggestibility in a sample of adolescents with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Authors: Gilbert David J. , Allely Clare S. , Gudjonsson Gisli , Mukherjee Raja A. S. , Cook Penny A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIndividuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are more likely to be involved with the criminal justice system (CJS) than neurotypical individuals. Interrogative suggestibility is theorised to be a weakness in this population; this is the first experimental evidence of interrogative suggestibility in adolescents with FASD. Fifty‐two participants (aged 11–16 years) completed the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale immediately and after 1 week; the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children; and the Behavioural Rating of Executive Function. Compared to the control group, individuals with FASD were more vulnerable to leading questions, negative feedback and evidenced significantly higher suggestibility, immediately and after 1 week. A significant correlation was found between immediate and repeat suggestibility at 1‐week follow‐up. Poorer memory recall, lower intelligence quotient and higher impulsivity were also observed in the FASD population. The results indicate the importance for the CJS to establish whether suspects, witnesses, and victims of crimes may have been impacted by prenatal alcohol exposure since this is a significant source of vulnerability that could lead to false confessions or miscarriage of justice.