bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of porous carbon nanofiber webs from polyacrylonitrile and cellulose acetate for NaCl removal from water using capacitive deionization
Authors: Tarus Bethwel , Jande Yusufu , Njau Karoli 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Capacitive deionization (CDI) has shown potential in addressing freshwater scarcity. CDI's electrode design is a key to better performance as it determines the extent of water purification. For carbon electrodes, the pore structure is an important factor influencing removal kinetics and ion storage. Herein, porous carbon nanofibers with diameters ranging from 277 to 348 nm were fabricated from blends of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and cellulose acetate (CA) through electrospinning and carbonization. Surface area and pore properties were adjusted by varying the proportions of the precursors while ensuring no adverse alteration to the products' tangible properties. Enhanced pore structure and specific surface area were evident in the blend-based carbon nanofibers. The blend ratio of 2:8 (CA:PAN) had a high specific surface area of 925.47 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.7884 cm3/g. Correspondingly, a high specific capacitance of 177.5 F/g was attained. Desalination performance was determined in batch mode using 500 mg/L NaCl solution. A salt adsorption capacity of 6.57 mg/g and charge efficiency of 0.46 was obtained for the blend that had 20% CA. The carbon nanofibers demonstrated good desalination stability when used repetitively indicating their excellent potential for practical application.
Technical structure and influencing factors of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands
Authors: Yang Lei , Jin Xiaohui , Hu Yawei , Zhang Mingqi , Wang Huihui , Jia Qian , Yang Yafei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Constructed wetlands purify water quality by synergistically removing nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants from water, among other pollutants such as organic matter through a physical, chemical, and biological composite remediation mechanism formed between plants, fillers, and microorganisms. Compared with large-scale centralized wastewater treatment systems with high cost and energy consumption, the construction and operation costs of artificial wetlands are relatively low, do not require large-scale equipment and high energy consumption treatment processes, and have the characteristics of green, environmental protection, and sustainability. Gradually, constructed wetlands are widely used to treat nitrogen and phosphorus substances in wastewater. Therefore, this article discusses in detail the role and interaction of the main technical structures (plants, microorganisms, and fillers) involved in nitrogen and phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands. At the same time, it analyses the impact of main environmental parameters (such as pH and temperature) and operating conditions (such as hydraulic load and hydraulic retention time, forced ventilation, influent carbon/nitrogen ratio, and feeding patterns) on nitrogen and phosphorus removal in wetland systems, and addresses the problems currently existing in relevant research, the future research directions are prospected in order to provide theoretical references for scholars’ research.
Fixed drug eruption caused by fluconazole
Authors: Myasnikova T. N. , Latysheva T. V. , Romanova T. S. , Smirnov V. V. 
Published: December 2023

Objective: to characterize a group of patients with fixed drug erythema (FDE) caused by fluconazole to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the local provocative application test (LPAT) and to evaluate cross-allergenic reactivity with other antifungal drugs of the azole group.Materials and methods: a prospective study was conducted in the period from 2012 to 2022. 347 patients with delayed drug hypersensitivity (DDH) were consulted, FDE could be suspected in 86 patients (24.8%), of which 23 patients were caused by fluconazole (26.8%). We included patients with suspected fluconazole FDE (n=23). LPAT with fluconazole was performed in 12 patients, drug provocation test (DPT) with ketoconazole – 17, DPT with itraconazole – 15, DPT with fluconazole – 1.Results: the ratio of men and women was 1:6.3, the average age was 30.39±10.23 years. In 1 patient, the diagnosis of FDE caused by fluconazole was withdrawn. Number of reactions: 1 – in 2 patients (9.1%), more than one reaction – in 20 (90.9%). 4 patients (18.2%) had atopy. Sensitivity of LPAT for diagnosing DDH in FDE caused by fluconazole was 41.7%, specificity – 100%, false-negative rate – 58.3%, positive predictive value – 100%. DPT with ketoconazole, itraconazole was negative in 100% of cases.Conclusions: the results obtained allow us to conclude that FDE caused by fluconazole in the vast majority of cases developed in women aged 19 to 30 years. Since patients with FDE caused by fluconazole tolerate ketoconazole and itraconazole well, it is highly likely that they can switch from fluconazole to one of these drugs. LPAT should be used for diagnosing FDE caused by fluconazole, since it was absolutely safe for the patient and allowed avoiding DPT in 42% of patients. Importantly that the timely and correct diagnosis in more than 90% of cases, it was possible to prevent the development of a repeated reaction to fluconazole.
B-2 lymphocytes and the balance of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines in infectious and autoimmune phenotypes of common variable immune deficiency
Authors: Sizyakina L. P. , Andreeva I. I. , Kharitonova M. V. 
Published: December 2023

Objective: comparative characteristics of the subpopulation composition of B- lymphocytes and the cytokine spectrum of peripheral blood in infectious and non-infectious manifestations of CVID.Materials and methods: the results of observation of 10 people diagnosed with CVID have been presented. Six patients the clinical manifestation had an infectious phenotype of the disease of synopulmonary localization. Four patients were diagnosed with Crohn's disease, hemolytic anemia, and autoimmune hepatitis. The level of cytokines IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ in blood serum was determined by the ELISA, the phenotypic characteristic of B cells of peripheral blood cells was carried out by flow cytofluorimetry.Results: the proportion of memory B cells in the healthy donors is 30% of all B-lymphocytes, on infectious manifestation of CVID – 12%, with autoimmune – 14%. The number of switched memory B-lymphocytes relative to the total pool of B-2 cells in infectious manifestation is greater (2.3%) than in autoimmune ones (1.4%). In patients with infectious manifestations the content of IFN-γ and TNF-α was increased inrelation to healthy donors of the comparison group, there were no differences in the serum amount of IL-17, with autoimmune manifestations, the content of all these cytokines was increased, IFN-γ and TNF-α being to a greater extent.Conclusion: impaired formation of memory B-lymphocytes and cytokine dysregulation of immune processes are detected regardless of the variant of clinical manifestation of CVID. The nature and degree of changes differ depending on the clinical phenotype of the disease.
Clinical and immunological characteristics of patients with moderate COVID-19 with different lung lesion areas
Authors: Skripkina N. A. , Sizyakin D. V. , Antonova E. A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective: to study the clinical and immunological parameters of patients with COVID-19 in moderate form with varying degrees of lung tissue damage.Materials and methods: 80 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of «COVID-19, moderate form; complication: bilateral polysegmental interstitial pneumonia» were examined. The difference in laboratory parameters (general clinical, biochemical and immunological) was evaluated depending on the degree of lung damage (up to 25 and up to 50%). Comparison group: 20 healthy volunteers.Results: the differences between patients with different lung lesion areas consisted in higher levels of prognosis severity markers – CRP, LDH. In the immune status in the CT group 2, there was a decrease in CD3+ lymphocytes and their helper subpopulation, dysimmunoglobulinemia and a higher IL-6 content.Conclusions: CT examination is of great importance for monitoring the progression of the disease. The smaller area of lung lesion reflects a lighter course of the disease, which does not exclude the need for dispensary observation and rehabilitation after discharge.
Features of cytokine production at the systemic and local level in patients of reproductive age with external genital endometriosis
Authors: Levkovich M. A. , Ermolova N. V. , Krukier I. I. , Avrutskaya V. V. , Petrov Yu. A. , Grigoryants A. A. , Zabayrachnaya A. V. 
Published: December 2023

Objective: to establish the features of cytokine production in patients of reproductive age with external genital endometriosis at various stages of the disease.Materials and methods: the study included 52 patients with external genital endometriosis (EGE). Group I consisted of 31 patients with stages I–II of EGE, group II — 21 patients with stages III–IV of the disease, control group — 20 women without endometriosis. Serum samples were obtained before anesthesia, and peritoneal fluid (PF) samples were obtained during endoscopic examination of patients. Determination of the content of cytokines in blood serum and peritoneal fluid was carried out by enzyme immunoassay using a multifunctional counter for enzyme immunoassays with Victor software (Finland). TNF-α, IL-10 — using reagents from BenderMed Systems (Austria). IL-13, IL-18 using reagents from Cloud-CloneCorp (USA) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Application software packages (Megastat and Statistica 10.0) were used to create a database and conduct statistical research. To determine statistical differences between groups, the Mann-Whitney test was used for independent groups and the Wilcoxon test for dependent groups. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Data are presented as median and quartiles.Results: at stages I–II of EGE, an increase in the level of TNF-α, IL-18 was detected in the blood serum and peritoneal fluid, which can stimulate proliferation, invasion of endometrial cells and neovascularization; stage III–IV of the disease was characterized by an increase in the level of TNF-α, IL-10, IL-13 in the peritoneal fluid, which promotes disease progression by evading ectopic endometrial cells from immune control.Conclusion: the identified features of the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines at the systemic and local level at various stages of EGE confirm their importance in the development of the disease. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the progression of NGE and to develop methods for early diagnosis.
Immunological and epidemiological effectiveness of tularemia vaccination in the Donbass region
Authors: Trunova O. A. , Skrypka L. V. , Bagriy A. E. , Prochorov E. V. , Reznichenko N. A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective: to evaluate the epidemiological and immunological efficacy of tularemia vaccination in the Donbass region from 1991 to the present.Materials and methods: data on the incidence of tularemia, immunization coverage of the population, results of intradermal tests with tularin, agglutination reaction and indirect hemagglutination reaction with tularemia antigen were analyzed.Results: since 2012, immunization against tularemia has not been carried out on the territory of the republic. Since 2015, this approach has resulted in the emergence of foci with multiple cases of human tularemia. Cases were registered on the territory of natural foci of Novoazovsky and Yasinovatsky districts. Since 2017, immunization of the population in enzootic territories has been resumed, planning and selection of contingents to be vaccinated was carried out in a differentiated manner. According to epidemic indications, 400 people were vaccinated from among those at risk of contracting tularemia. In 2020– 2022 vaccination was not carried out. In the five months of 2023, 520 people were vaccinated against tularemia, 80 people were revaccinated.Conclusions: the use of tularemia vaccine in the Donetsk region for 70 years led to the containment of tularemia, demonstrating the epidemiological and immunological effectiveness of specific immunoprophylaxis. The armed conflict and the cessation of vaccination led to an increase in the activity of the epidemic process in natural foci among animals and a significant increase in the incidence of tularemia in humans.
Results of ligation the internal iliac and ovarian arteries in the experiment
Authors: Kantsurova M. R. , Rymashevsky A. N. , Voloshin V. V. , Sapronova N. G. , Todorov S. S. , Rymashevsky M. A. , Kantsurov R. N. 
Published: December 2023

Objective: to study in an experiment on animals pathomorphological changes in the tissues of the uterus, appendages and blood vessels after ligation of the internal iliac and ovarian arteries.Materials and methods: An experiment was conducted with 6 mature pigs. Group I (n=3) consisted of intact pigs without surgery, group II (n=3) included animals with ligation of the internal iliac and ovarian arteries on both sides. 12 months after the operation, slaughter was performed and the organo-complex of the uterus with appendages and iliac vessels was taken for electron microscopic pathomorphological examination.Results: comparative results of the study of the uterus, appendages found that the normal structure of the mature uterus was preserved, there were no changes in the structure of the fallopian tubes, tissues and vessels of the ovaries. All changes were found in the area of ligation of the ovarian and internal iliac arteries, although the arteries retained their lumen, but were deformed and surrounded by dense fibrous connective tissue. Conclusion: ligation of the ovarian and internal iliac arteries with absorbable suture material causes only local changes. The sufficiency of collateral blood flow is confirmed by the absence of atrophy of the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries, as well as organ deformities.
Increasing Older Adults’ Social Connectedness: Development and Implementation of a Web-Assisted Acceptance and Commitment Therapy–Based Intervention
Authors: Zarling Amie , Kim Joseph , Russell Daniel , Cutrona Carolyn 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this article, we will provide a rationale for a web-assisted acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) approach to loneliness among older adults, drawing upon theories from the literature on adult development and aging, emotion regulation, and loneliness. The intervention program was developed using the principles of ACT, which is a cognitive behavioral approach and unified model of human behavior change and psychological growth. The ACT intervention focuses on developing nonjudgmental present-focused awareness of internal experiences (thoughts, emotions, and memories) through strategies such as acceptance and mindfulness rather than directly modifying or removing them per se. The ACT intervention appears well-suited to assist older adults in coping with the challenges of aging, as the focus is on an individual’s willingness to sit with internal experiences out of one’s control (ie, acceptance), stepping back from negative or critical thoughts and developing greater kindness toward oneself (ie, defusion), discerning what is most important to one’s true self (ie, values), and building larger patterns of effective action based on such values (ie, committed action). The ACT intervention was developed as a resource for older adults who are socially isolated or having difficulty with social connectedness. Eight modules comprise the web-assisted ACT intervention program, which includes reading materials, video clips, and activities. Each module is followed by a summary, a homework assignment, a short quiz to assess learning, and a moderated discussion with a coach. The intervention program begins with reconnecting participants with their values. The goal of the ACT intervention program is to foster flexibility in a participant’s behavior so they can behave consistently with their chosen values, rather than becoming locked into a pattern of behavior that is driven by avoiding distress or discomfort. The ACT intervention approach is both novel and innovative, as it is based on ACT and leverages a behavioral health web platform that is flexible and inclusive in its design. The ACT intervention aims to help older adults become more socially connected, less lonely, and more satisfied with their relationships with other people. The emphasis that ACT places on values and living life in accordance with one’s values renders it an approach ideally suited to older adults. Finally, recommendations for future research regarding this approach to addressing loneliness among older adults is addressed.
Simulasi Numerik Pipa Penyalur Terkorosi Dengan Variasi Kedalaman dan Orientasi
Authors: Khusaini Ahmad , Nugroho Gesang 
Published: December 2023

Penelitian terkait kekuatan sisa pipa penyalur dengan cacat terkorosi merupakan proyek penting dalam industri pipa minyak dan gas. Hal tersebut dipelajari selama bertahun-tahun, menggunakan beberapa metode eksperimental, numerik, analitik maupun secara empiris. Beberapa kriteria penilaian dengan code yang telah dikenal adalah ASME B31G, Modified ASME B31G, DNV RP 101, RSTRENG dan sebagainya. Namun, pendekatan empiris dari banyak data eksperimental sering menunjukkan bahwa metode analitikal dengan menggunakan code ini terlalu konservatif untuk mengevaluasi pipa dengan bahan baja grade tinggi dalam hal kekuatan (strength). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan simulasi pengaruh korosi berbentuk kotak tunggal dengan variasi kedalaman dan orientasi cacat terkorosi terhadap sisa kekuatan pipa penyalur dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak elemen hingga Abaqus. Variasi dilakukan pada rasio kedalaman (depth) terhadap ketebalan nominal 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% dan 80%. Cacat divariasikan pada arah longitudinal 300 mm x 200 mm x depth dan sirkumferensial 300 mm x 600 mm x depth. Pipa penyalur tersebut dipilih dari material API 5L X70 PSL 2. Simulasi dengan metode elemen hingga dalam makalah ini untuk menentukan tekanan kegagalan pada pipa penyalur dengan cacat korosi eksternal dan internal berdasarkan kriteria kegagalan kekuatan von Mises. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tekanan kegagalan pipa penyalur yang terkorosi menurun jika nilai rasio d/t naik untuk semua cacat baik internal maupun eksternal meskipun nilai z atau (L2/D.t) konstan. Tekanan kegagalan lebih tinggi pada lokasi internal dibanding eksternal baik pada arah longitudinal maupun sirkumferensial meskipun secara kalkulasi analitikal dianggap sama. Deviasi yang terjadi maksimum 10.55% pada arah longitudinal dan 5.83% pada arah sirkumferensial. Pada rentang kedalaman (depth) 50% - 60% defect menunjukkan konvergensi antara data analitikal dan data hasil simulasi FEA. Pada design normal operating pressure 2,34 MPa (23,4 Bar) pipa penyalur masih relatif aman untuk cacat sampai 80% dari ketebalan nominal, pada dimensi panjang cacat terkorosi 300 mm arah longitudinal.
Variación anual de los recursos fitogenéticos comercializados en un mercado local del municipio de Quibdó, pacífico colombiano
Authors: Mena Marmolejo Alicia , Moreno Mosquera Eyda Annier , Largacha Viveros Sheila 
Published: December 2023

Contextualización: Los recursos fitogenéticos, constituyen la base de la seguridad alimentaria del mundo, por ello la necesidad de ahondar en su conocimiento y proponer estrategias para su conservación.
Vacío de conocimiento: las plazas de mercado funcionan como centro de acopio de la diversidad biológica productiva de las regiones, sin embargo, estos escenarios están centralizados y dicha diversidad tiende a erosionarse por procesos de aculturización.
Propósito: El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la variación anual de los recursos fitogenéticos agrícolas, comercializados en una plaza de mercado del Pacifico colombiano, para propender por su uso y valoración.
Metodología: Durante un año cada quince días, se recorrió la plaza de mercado de Quibdó, donde se reconocieron los recursos fitogenéticos agrícolas comercializados. Una vez en la plaza, se realizaron recorridos entre las 8:30 a.m. y 11:00 h considerando la cantidad de puestos activos en el momento de aplicación del cuestionario. La determinación taxonómica de cada especie y sus datos de origen se realizó con la ayuda de bases electrónicas y consulta online en herbarios. Mientras que la práctica de cultivo se determinó considerando los datos reportados para el departamento del Chocó en la encuesta nacional agropecuaria-ENA.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se identificaron 47 especies, 35 géneros y 29 familias, de orígenes diversos, periodicidad y tipos de cultivo. No todos los recursos fitogenéticos comercializados en la plaza de mercado presentan disponibilidad anual. Los meses con mayor diversidad de especies fueron diciembre (S=39), enero (S=38), febrero y marzo (S=37). La falta de planificación agrícola en el municipio hace que la variación de los recursos fitogenéticos amenace su persistencia, esto ocurre con especies con poca disponibilidad y desconocidas por las nuevas generaciones, siendo ésta también una causa de erosión o pérdida de los recursos fitogenéticos en la región.
Evaluación del rendimiento de filete y composición de cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus)
Authors: Mancera Rodriguez Liliana Patricia 
Published: December 2023

Contextualización: La cachama blanca es una especie nativa, la cual tiene propiedades y características atractivas tanto para el productor como el consumidor. Actualmente, los principales estudios se enfocan hacia la reproducción en cautiverio, formas de alimentación, mejora genética y manejo.
Vacío de conocimiento: La información acerca del rendimiento en filete y canal es escaza e imposibilita una planeación estratégica en el momento de la siembra, así como la diversificación del producto y la insuficiente información acerca del manejo de los residuos de esta especie.
Propósito: El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar si existían diferencias significativas en el rendimiento del filete y la composición fisicoquímica al comparar dos tallas de comercialización de cachama blanca, que se distribuyen en los principales centros de acopio del país.
Metodología: Se estimaron los rendimientos corporales tomando como muestra 92 animales, los cuales fueron beneficiados, eviscerados y clasificados en dos grupos dependiendo su peso. Luego fueron descamados y se retiraron las aletas, colas, cabeza y piel. Posteriormente, se evaluaron características fisicoquímicas (análisis proximal y grado de oxidación por medio de análisis de bases nitrogenadas volátiles) y se revisaron las investigaciones relacionadas con el aprovechamiento y uso de residuos.
Resultados y conclusiones: Los animales que se encontraban en el rango de peso de 406 g a 600 g presentaron un rendimiento en filete del 51% y en canal del 74%. Asimismo, se encontraron diferencias significativas en el contenido de lípidos, las demás variables presentaron el mismo comportamiento entre los grupos. Finalmente se evidencia que la especie presenta limitadas investigaciones acerca del uso de residuos para preparación de ensilados, hidrolizados y harinas.