bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Clerodane from the Leaves of Croton krabas and Its Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Linphosan Chaiwat , Uk‐at Sunita , Setsuwan Phiraphon , Srisupattanakul Pattanasak , Boonyarat Chantana , Poopasit Kitisak , Limtragool Oue‐artorn 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChromatographic separation of the leaves of Croton krabas resulted in the isolation of one new clerodane, crotoeurin D (1), along with two known compounds, 6S‐crotoeurin C (2) and blumenol A (3). Their structures were determined based on extensive nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data analysis and mass spectrometry. The absolute configuration of the new clerodane was assigned by nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy correlations and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Compound 1 exhibited significant acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Moreover, the binding modes of 1 revealed that its structure formed strong hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the active sites of both enzymes.
An Artificial Metalloenzyme for Atroposelective Metathesis**
Authors: Vornholt Tobias , Jončev Zlatko , Sabatino Valerio , Panke Sven , Ward Thomas R. , Sparr Christof , Jeschek Markus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAtropisomers – separable conformers that arise from restricted single‐bond rotation – are frequently encountered in medicinal chemistry. However, preparing such compounds with the desired configuration can be challenging. Herein, we present a biocatalytic strategy for achieving atroposelective synthesis relying on artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs). Based on the biotin‐streptavidin technology, we constructed ruthenium‐bearing ArMs capable of producing atropisomeric binaphthalene compounds through ring‐closing metathesis in aqueous media. Further, we show that atroposelectivity can be fine‐tuned by engineering two close‐lying amino acid residues within the streptavidin host protein. The resulting ArMs promote product formation with enantiomeric ratios of up to 81 : 19, while small‐molecule catalysts for atroposelective metathesis under aqueous reaction conditions are yet unknown. This study represents the first demonstration that stereoselective metathesis can be achieved by an artificial metalloenzyme.
Direct Synthesis of Phosphoryltriacetates from White Phosphorus via Visible Light Catalysis
Authors: Chen Yu , Liu Wei , Huangfu Xinlei , Wei Junnian , Yu Jiangxi , Zhang Wen‐Xiong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOrganophosphorus compounds (OPCs) are widely used in many fields. However, traditional synthetic routes in the industry usually involve multistep and hazardous procedures. Therefore, it's of great significance to construct such compounds in an environmentally‐friendly and facile way. Herein, a photoredox catalytic method has been developed to construct novel phosphoryltriacetates. Using fac‐Ir(ppy)3 (ppy=2‐phenylpyridine) as the photocatalyst and blue LEDs (456 nm) as the light source, white phosphorus can react with α‐bromo esters smoothly to generate phosphoryltriacetates in moderate to good yields. This one‐step approach features mild reaction conditions and simple operational process without chlorination.
Silicon Chalcogenide Cage Compounds: New Structures Derived from the Bicyclic Silicon(I) Ring Compound Si4{N(SiMe3)Mes}4
Authors: Quest Michael , Hepp Alexander , Daniliuc C. G. , Lips Felicitas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe bicyclic silicon(I) ring compound Si4{N(SiMe3)Mes}4 (2) was used as starting material in reactions with chalcogens and chalcogen transfer agents at low temperatures. This resulted in the selective formation of new cage compounds. With Me3NO, a silicon oxide with adamantane‐type cage 3 was isolated that represents the first isolated T4 silsesquioxane. Reactions with propylenesulfide and red selenium gave direct access to defect heterocubane‐type cages 4 and 5 with three Si−Si bonds wherein the silicon atoms adopt different low oxidation states of +I and +III. A reaction with elemental tellurium even occurs below room temperature to provide ditelluro−tetrasila−tricyclohexane 6.
Enantioselective adsorption of ibuprofen enantiomers using chiral‐active carbon nanoparticles induced S‐α‐methylbenzylamine
Authors: Zhao Zhenbo , Liao Min , Hu Gang , Zeng Siwen , Ge Li , Yang Kedi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe chiral media is crucial to the chiral recognition and separation of enantiomers. In this study, we report the preparation of novel chiral carbon nanoparticles (CCNPs) via surface passivation using glucose as the carbon source and S‐(−)‐α‐methylbenzylamine as the chiral ligand. The structures of the obtained CCNPs are characterized via FT‐IR, Raman spectroscopy, DLS, XPS, XRD, TEM, and zeta potential analysis. These CCNPs could be employed as the chiral adsorbent and used for the enantioselective adsorption of the ibuprofen enantiomers. The results demonstrated that the CCNPs could selectively adsorb R‐enantiomer from ibuprofen racemate solution and give an enantiomeric excess (e.e.) of about 50% under an optimal adsorption condition. Moreover, the regeneration efficiency of the CCNPs remained above e.e. of 43% after the fifth cycle. The present work confirmed that the prepared CCNPs show great potential in the enantioselective separation of ibuprofen racemate.
In Vitro Peanut Culture: From Seed to Seed
Authors: Faustinelli Paola C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn vitro plants are widely used in biotechnology studies. In general, tissue culture requires special skills in order to obtain healthy and fertile axenic plants. Peanuts are considered recalcitrant, meaning they are difficult to regenerate under in vitro conditions. Thus, in vitro completion of the peanut plant cycle is the limiting factor in projects that require plant and seed recovery when applying molecular tools such as CRISPR. The protocols presented here allow for obtaining multiple shoots by micropropagation and inducing these shoots to produce flowers that successfully result in fertile pegs and pods, completing the life cycle under in vitro conditions. This is a significant step to perform studies that require axenic conditions in their entirety. These protocols outline the steps required to micropropagate Georgia 06G peanut plants under aseptic conditions, prepare culture medium, maintain shoot multiplication cultures, induce flowering and pegging, and maintain culture conditions to allow the development of pods. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.Basic Protocol 1: Seed sterilization and germinationBasic Protocol 2: Shoot multiplicationBasic Protocol 3: Flower inductionBasic Protocol 4: Peg formation
Water level control on coastal landform distribution and associated processes in a highly fluctuating shallow lake (Gallocanta Lake, NE Spain)
Authors: Gracia Francisco‐Javier , Castañeda Carmen , Simarro Gonzalo , Calvete Daniel , Latorre Borja 
Published: November 2023

AbstractShallow lakes in semi‐arid environments are very sensitive to hydrological alterations associated with climate change. Their shorelines and geometry can change according to water level fluctuations. Gallocanta Lake (NE Spain) is a typical example of such lacustrine conditions because it is exposed to strong winds parallel to its elongation axis and is located in a semi‐arid Mediterranean environment. In this work, a high‐resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the area is used to compare the distribution of coastal forms (beaches, barrier islands, deltas, lagoons, etc.) with the frequency at which different water levels are attained. As a result, a clear relationship is obtained between presently active forms and the water levels most frequently reached in the lake. It is deduced that, once formed, the surrounding coastal plains related to these coastal forms control the permanence of water around a given height interval, favouring the development of these morphologies, in a positive feedback mechanism only broken by subsequent climate warming and lake water lowering. The hydrodynamic conditions responsible for activating the coastal forms have been analysed by applying a mathematical model of wind‐driven currents in the lake that predicts the present erosional/progradational trends associated with them. The combination of the different results obtained was used to generate a synthetic map of active coastal processes and trends along the lake shore during high water episodes, with two versions according to the two dominant wind scenarios in the region. The distribution of erosion/sedimentation trends along the lake shores has helped to propose the existence of longitudinal littoral cells, each one recording different shoreline trend (retreat, progradation, and stability), depending on the prevailing wind scenario. This synthetic scheme can be useful for predicting the eco‐morphological trends of the lake shore and adapting the present management practices in this protected area accordingly.
Depolymerization of actin filaments by Cucurbitacin I through binding G‐actin
Authors: Haciosmanoglu Aldogan Ebru , Önsü Kemal Alper , Saylan Cemil Can , Günçer Başak , Baday Sefer , Bektaş Muhammet 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCucurbitacins have high economic value as they are a major source of food and have pharmacological properties. Cucurbitacin I (CuI) is a plant‐derived natural tetracyclic triterpenoid compound that shows an anticancer effect via inhibiting the JAK2‐STAT3 signaling pathway. The actin cytoskeleton is the most abundant protein in cells and regulates critical events through reorganization in cells. In this study, it is aimed at determining the direct effect of CuI on actin dynamics. The fluorescence profile of G‐actin in the presence of CuI (1–200 nM) shifted to a higher temperature, suggesting that G‐actin binds CuI and that G‐actin–CuI is more thermally stable than the ligand‐free form. CuI dose‐dependently inhibited the polymerization of F‐actin in vitro and disrupted actin filaments in endothelial cells. Docking and MD simulations suggested that CuI binds to the binding site formed by residues I136, I175, D154, and A138 that are at the interface of monomers in F‐actin. The migration ability of cells treated with CuI for 24 h was significantly lower than the control group (p < .001). This study reveals the molecular mechanisms of CuI in the regulation of actin dynamics by binding G‐actin. More importantly, this study indicates a novel role of CuI as an actin‐targeting drug by binding directly to G‐actin and may contribute to the mode of action of CuI on anticancer activities.
Treating amblyopia using altered reality enhances the fine‐scale functional correlations in early visual areas
Authors: Dong Xue , Liu Lijuan , Du Xinxin , Wang Yue , Zhang Peng , Li Zhihao , Bao Min 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAmblyopia is a developmental visual disorder that causes substantial visual deficits. Studies using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging have disclosed abnormal brain functional connectivity (FC) both across long‐range cortical sites and within the visual cortex in amblyopes, which is considered to be related to impaired visual functions. However, little work has examined whether restoring the vision of amblyopes accompanies with an improvement of FC. Here in adult amblyopes and healthy participants, we compared their brain FC before and after an altered‐reality adaptation training. Before the training, the voxel‐wise FCs of amblyopia patients were substantially weaker than those of healthy control participants both within and across the early visual areas. After the training, visual acuities improved in amblyopes but not in the control participants. The effect kept strengthening in the subsequent month without further adaptation. Importantly, we observed enhanced voxel‐wise FC both within and across the early visual areas of amblyopes. Moreover, the enhancement continued for at least 1 month. These results suggest that the effective treatment can improve both the amblyopes' vision and functional connections in the visual cortex.
Identification and validation of immune‐related methylated genes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zou Zhenning , Li Rujia , Huang Xueshan , Chen Mei , Tan Jingyi , Wu Minhua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignancy occurring in the head and neck. Identification of immune‐related methylated biomarkers might be helpful for NPC detection and prognostic evaluation.MethodsA co‐methylation network based on WGCNA was constructed to identify modules associated with NPC and immune cells. In combination with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and immune‐related genes from ImmPort database, the candidate immune‐related methylated genes (IRMGs) were obtained.ResultsOur combined analysis identified 12 IRMGs. Among them, both the methylation and mRNA expression of CCL28, CSK, and PRKCB were correlated with the infiltration of B cells. CD1D, CR2, and GDF10 were favorable markers. Demethylation experiments validated that downregulation of GDF10, PRKCB, SLC40A1, and TGFBR3 in NPC resulted from promoter hypermethylation. Additionally, a diagnostic model was developed and exhibited high discriminative accuracy.ConclusionsThese results provided a group of immune‐related methylated biomarkers that may help with the diagnosis and prognosis of NPC.
Developing responsive disciplinary literacies for student teaching in social studies
Authors: Ortmann Lisa L. , Stumme‐Berg Sydney 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis collaborative, single‐case study explores the ways a social studies teacher candidate conceptualizes and applies disciplinary literacy (DL) teaching in practicum and student teaching experiences. Through qualitative inquiry of data collected at multiple points in the teacher education program, DL teaching was represented across six themes: skills‐based theory of literacy; deep engagement with content; flow verses disruption; responsiveness; placement impact; pandemic influence. Findings affirm research that teacher candidates can be successful at implementing culturally responsive DL instruction, even in post‐pandemic teaching contexts, with structured supervision. Implications for small programs of teacher education, secondary content area teacher preparation, and student teaching supervision are discussed.
An investigation study on the interpretation of ultrasonic medical reports using OpenAI's GPT‐3.5‐turbo model
Authors: Wang Wen hui , Wang Shi yu , Huang Jia yan , Liu Xiao di , Yang Jie , Liao Min , Lu Qiang , Wu Zhe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesUltrasound medical reports are an important means of diagnosing diseases and assessing treatment effectiveness. However, their professional terms and complex sentences often make it difficult for ordinary people to understand. Therefore, this study explores the clinical value of using artificial intelligence systems based on ChatGPT to interpret ultrasound medical reports.MethodsIn this study, a combination of online and offline questionnaires were used to survey both physicians and non‐medical individuals. The questionnaires evaluated ChatGPT's interpretation of ultrasound reports from both professional and comprehensibility perspectives, and the results were analyzed using Excel spreadsheets. Additionally, a portion of the research content was evaluated using the Likert Scale 5‐point method in the questionnaire.ResultsAccording to survey results, 67.4% of surveyed doctors believe that using ChatGPT for interpreting ultrasound medical reports can help improve work efficiency. At the same time, 69.72% of non‐medical professionals believe it is necessary to enhance their understanding of medical ultrasound reports through ChatGPT interpretation, and 62.58% support the application of ChatGPT to ultrasound medical reports. The non‐medical group's understanding of ultrasound medical reports significantly improved (p < 0.01) after implementing ChatGPT, However, 67.49% of the general public are concerned about ChatGPT's imperfect functionality, which may cause misleading information. This reflects that the public's trust in new technology is not high enough, and they are also worried about possible privacy leaks and security issues with ChatGPT technology.ConclusionsThe higher acceptance and support of non‐medical individuals for the interpretation of medical reports by ChatGPT might be due to the system's natural language processing abilities that allow them to better understand and evaluate report contents. However, the expertise and experience of physicians are still irreplaceable. This suggests that the ChatGPT‐based ultrasound medical report interpretation system has certain clinical value and application prospects, but further optimization is necessary to address its shortcomings in data quality and professionalism. This study provides a reference and inspiration for promoting the application and development of ultrasound technology and artificial intelligence systems in the medical field.
Developing and assessing the use of demonstration videos in the preclinical simulation laboratory
Authors: Forni Rochelle , Gad Mario , Yansane Alfa‐Ibrahim , White Joel M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to report the development of a preclinical simulation laboratory Demonstration Video Series (DVS) for the 2021–2022 academic year, measure its usage and usefulness, and compare these findings to the usage and usefulness of the existing didactic lecture videos.MethodsThe DVS videos were intended to be viewed before each preclinical simulation laboratory session along with the pre‐existing didactic lectures (DL) by University of California San Francisco (UCSF) learners. Usage measurements included the percentage of the class that viewed each video, the number of views that each video received, and the average duration of each video that was watched. Usefulness of the videos was measured by a survey that assessed learner perspective on knowledge and ability to apply that knowledge during the simulation lab exercises. Both usage and usefulness of the DVS were then compared to the usage and usefulness of the DL. Both descriptive statistics and independent sample hypothesis tests were performed to compare the differences in proportion between DVS and DL mediums.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found in terms of both usage and usefulness of the DVS compared to the DL, with DVS being utilized more overall. With an 81% response rate, survey analysis revealed statistically significant differences among the learners’ perspectives on the usefulness of the DVS compared to the DL, with a clear preference for the DVS over the DL and an overwhelmingly positive perception of the DVS.ConclusionThe DVS was found to be a valuable addition to the preclinical laboratory sessions for first‐year learners.
SGLT2 is upregulated to acquire cisplatin resistance and SGLT2 inhibition reduces cisplatin resistance in hepatoblastoma
Authors: Fujiyoshi Sunao , Honda Shohei , Ara Momoko , Kondo Takafumi , Kobayashi Nozomi , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCancer cells can alter glucose metabolism and regulate the expression of glucose transporters. Hepatoblastoma patients undergo cisplatin‐based chemotherapy; however, 22.3% of patients develop cisplatin resistance and thus face a poor prognosis. We hypothesized that glucose transporters are associated with acquiring cisplatin resistance with increasing sugar intake inhibiting glucose transporters could reduce cisplatin resistance in hepatoblastoma patients.MethodsWe established cisplatin‐resistant HepG2 and HuH6 cells by continuous treatment with cisplatin. We evaluated the relationship between cisplatin resistance and glucose uptake. We used an expression array to select cisplatin‐resistant associated glucose transporters and selected sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2). We used dapagliflozin as an SGLT2 inhibitor and evaluated glucose uptake and IC50 after dapagliflozin treatment in wild‐type and resistant hepatoblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo.ResultsWe found a strong relationship between cisplatin resistance and glucose uptake. Additionally, SGLT2 was upregulated in resistant cells after cisplatin treatment. After dapagliflozin treatment, glucose uptake and cisplatin resistance decreased in resistant cells.ConclusionsCisplatin‐resistant hepatoblastoma cells exhibited upregulated SGLT2 expression and activated glucose uptake to survive under cisplatin stress. SGLT2 inhibition decreased cellular resistance to cisplatin. SGLT2 inhibition with cisplatin therapy could be a novel therapeutic strategy for cisplatin‐resistant hepatoblastoma patients.
Free‐Water Imaging in Friedreich Ataxia Using Multi‐Compartment Models
Authors: Fernandez Lara , Corben Louise A. , Bilal Hiba , Delatycki Martin B. , Egan Gary F. , Harding Ian H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe neurological phenotype of Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is characterized by neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in the cerebellum and brainstem. Novel neuroimaging approaches quantifying brain free‐water using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) are potentially more sensitive to these processes than standard imaging markers.ObjectivesTo quantify the extent of free‐water and microstructural change in FRDA‐relevant brain regions using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and bitensor diffusion tensor imaging (btDTI).MethodMulti‐shell dMRI was acquired from 14 individuals with FRDA and 14 controls. Free‐water measures from NODDI (FISO) and btDTI (FW) were compared between groups in the cerebellar cortex, dentate nuclei, cerebellar peduncles, and brainstem. The relative sensitivity of the free‐water measures to group differences was compared to microstructural measures of NODDI intracellular volume, free‐water corrected fractional anisotropy, and conventional uncorrected fractional anisotropy.ResultsIn individuals with FRDA, FW was elevated in the cerebellar cortex, peduncles (excluding middle), dentate, and brainstem (P < 0.005). FISO was elevated primarily in the cerebellar lobules (P < 0.001). On average, FW effect sizes were larger than all other markers (mean ηρ2 = 0.43), although microstructural measures also had very large effects in the superior and inferior cerebellar peduncles and brainstem (ηρ2 > 0.37). Across all regions and metrics, effect sizes were largest in the superior cerebellar peduncles (ηρ2 > 0.46).ConclusionsMulti‐compartment diffusion measures of free‐water and neurite integrity distinguish FRDA from controls with large effects. Free‐water magnitude in the brainstem and cerebellum provided the greatest distinction between groups. This study supports further applications of multi‐compartment diffusion modeling, and investigations of free‐water as a measure of disease expression and progression in FRDA. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.