bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentration of invariant means and dynamics of chain stabilizers in continuous geometries
Authors: Schneider Friedrich Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe prove a concentration inequality for invariant means on topological groups, namely for such adapted to a chain of amenable topological subgroups. The result is based on an application of Azuma’s martingale inequality and provides a method for establishing extreme amenability. Building on this technique, we exhibit new examples of extremely amenable groups arising from von Neumann’s continuous geometries. Along the way, we also answer a question by Pestov on dynamical concentration in direct products of amenable topological groups.
Validation of secondary triage algorithms for mass casualty incidents
Authors: Heller Axel R. , Neidel Tobias , Klotz Patrick J. , Solarek André , Kowalzik Barbara , Juncken Kathleen , Kleber Christan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
In the event of a mass casualty incident (MCI), the situation-related shortage of medical resources does not end when the patients are transported from the scene of the incident. Consequently, an initial triage is required in the receiving hospitals. In the first step, the aim of this study was to create a reference patient vignette set with defined triage categories. This allowed a computer-aided evaluation of the diagnostic quality of triage algorithms for MCI situations in the second step.

Methods
A total of 250 case vignettes validated in practice were entered into a multistage evaluation process by initially 6 and later 36 triage experts. This algorithm—independent expert evaluation of all vignettes—served as the gold standard for analyzing the diagnostic quality of the following triage algorithms: Manchester triage system (MTS module MCI), emergency severity index (ESI), Berlin triage algorithm (BER), the prehospital algorithms PRIOR and mSTaRT, and two project algorithms from a cooperation between the Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (BBK) and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan—intrahospital Jordanian-German project algorithm (JorD) and prehospital triage algorithm (PETRA). Each patient vignette underwent computerized triage through all specified algorithms to obtain comparative test quality outcomes.

Results
Of the original 250 vignettes, a triage reference database of 210 patient vignettes was validated independently of the algorithms. These formed the gold standard for comparison of the triage algorithms analyzed. Sensitivities for intrahospital detection of patients in triage category T1 ranged from 1.0 (BER, JorD, PRIOR) to 0.57 (MCI module MTS). Specificities ranged from 0.99 (MTS and PETRA) to 0.67 (PRIOR). Considering Youden’s index, BER (0.89) and JorD (0.88) had the best overall performance for detecting patients in triage category T1. Overtriage was most likely with PRIOR, and undertriage with the MCI module of MTS. Up to a decision for category T1, the algorithms require the following numbers of steps given as the median and interquartile range (IQR): ESI 1 (1–2), JorD 1 (1–4), PRIOR 3 (2–4), BER 3 (2–6), mSTaRT 3 (3–5), MTS 4 (4–5) and PETRA 6 (6–8). For the T2 and T3 categories the number of steps until a decision and the test quality of the algorithms are positively interrelated.

Conclusion
In the present study, transferability of preclinical algorithm-based primary triage results to clinical algorithm-based secondary triage results was demonstrated. The highest diagnostic quality for secondary triage was provided by the Berlin triage algorithm, followed by the Jordanian-German project algorithm for hospitals, which, however, also require the most algorithm steps until a decision.
Henry Head (1861–1940) und seine Bedeutung für die Neurologie
Authors: Rheinländer Andreas , Weih Markus 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungHenry Head ist vielen Neurolog*innen heute vor allem als Namensgeber der Head-Zonen bekannt. Das Konzept, das heute mehr in der Physiologie als in der inneren Medizin bzw. Psychosomatik gelehrt wird, wurde von Head aber höchstwahrscheinlich anders verstanden. Zudem kann als gesichert gelten, dass die Zeichnungen der Head-Zonen nicht von ihm stammen. Aus neurologischer Sicht ist Head heute aus zweierlei Hinsicht wichtig: Sein Selbstexperiment zur Läsion und Regeneration eines peripheren Nervs von 1909 war heroisch. Es hat Generationen von Neurolog*innen geholfen, die Pathophysiologie besser zu verstehen und damit die Prognose peripherer Nervenverletzungen besser einschätzen zu können. Der zweite Beitrag Heads betrifft die radikuläre Organisation auf Rückenmarksebene. Die spezielle Pathophysiologie der Herpes-zoster-Radikulitis erlaubte es ihm, auf der Basis von Vorarbeiten, um 1900 das Konzept des Dermatoms zu entwickeln. Henry Heads Beitrag bestand darin, die Literatur zusammenzutragen und durch eigene Fälle zu ergänzen. Da er zu dieser Zeit der bedeutendste Neurologe zumindest in der englischsprechenden Welt und mit der deutschen Neurologie gut vernetzt war, verbreiteten sich seine Dermatomkarten vermutlich besser als bis dahin bekannte Abbildungen. Weniger erfolgreich war Head aus heutiger Sicht in der Neuropsychologie bzw. mit holistischen Konzepten zu höheren kognitiven Funktionen. Sein Spätwerk zur Aphasie gilt heute als widerlegt. Heads Kritik an der strikten Lokalisation entsprach dabei dem Zeitgeist des beginnenden 20. Jahrhunderts. Dass die klassischen Beispiele Broca- und Wernicke-Aphasie tatsächlich nicht so leicht zu trennen sind, beruhte jedoch mehr auf der Leistung von Generationen von Neurolog*innen und Neuropsycholog*innen folgender Generationen sowie technischen Fortschritten.
Analysis of dim-light responses in rod and cone photoreceptors with altered calcium kinetics
Authors: Abtout Annia , Reingruber Jürgen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRod and cone photoreceptors in the retina of vertebrates are the primary sensory neurons underlying vision. They convert light into an electrical current using a signal transduction pathway that depends on Ca$$^{2+}$$

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feedback. It is known that manipulating the Ca$$^{2+}$$

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kinetics affects the response shape and the photoreceptor sensitivity, but a precise quantification of these effects remains unclear. We have approached this task in mouse retina by combining numerical simulations with mathematical analysis. We consider a parsimonious phototransduction model that incorporates negative Ca$$^{2+}$$

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feedback onto the synthesis of cyclic GMP, and fast buffering reactions to alter the Ca$$^{2+}$$

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kinetics. We derive analytic results for the photoreceptor functioning in sufficiently dim light conditions depending on the photoreceptor type. We exploit these results to obtain conceptual and quantitative insight into how response waveform and amplitude depend on the underlying biophysical processes and the Ca$$^{2+}$$

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feedback. With a low amount of buffering, the Ca$$^{2+}$$

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concentration changes in proportion to the current, and responses to flashes of light are monophasic. With more buffering, the change in the Ca$$^{2+}$$

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concentration becomes delayed with respect to the current, which gives rise to a damped oscillation and a biphasic waveform. This shows that biphasic responses are not necessarily a manifestation of slow buffering reactions. We obtain analytic approximations for the peak flash amplitude as a function of the light intensity, which shows how the photoreceptor sensitivity depends on the biophysical parameters. Finally, we study how changing the extracellular Ca$$^{2+}$$

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concentration affects the response.
Exploring the anti-inflammatory potential of topical hyaluronic acid for vocal fold injury in a rat model
Authors: Hortobagyi David , Grossmann Tanja , Kirsch Andrijana , Winter Christina , Roblegg Eva , Gugatschka Markus 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Vocal fold injuries are associated with fibrosis and dysphonia, which is a major obstacle to surgical treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of topical hyaluronic acid with or without diclofenac on the inflammatory phase of vocal fold wound healing.

Methods
Forty-one male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: an uninjured control group, an injured control group without any treatment, and two intervention groups in which hyaluronic acid with or without diclofenac was applied to the injured vocal fold. Gene expression of inflammatory markers and ECM-related molecules were examined.

Results
Vocal fold injury resulted in a significant upregulation of inflammatory parameters [Ptgs2, Il1b and Il10] and Has1. Tgfb1, Has3 and Eln gene expression were significantly downregulated by the topical application of hyaluronic acid. The combination of hyaluronic acid and diclofenac did not result in any significant changes.

Conclusions
Vocal fold wound healing was significantly improved by a single post-operative topical application of hyaluronic acid. The addition of diclofenac may provide no additional benefit.
Management of respiratory distress in moderate and late preterm infants: clinical trajectories in the Neobs study
Authors: Guellec Isabelle , Debillon Thierry , Flamant Cyril , Jarreau Pierre-Henri , Serraz Benjamin , Tourneux Pierre 
Published: October 2023

AbstractManagement of respiratory distress (RD) in the extremely preterm newborn meets recommendations. Few data are available concerning the management and the clinical course of moderate and late preterms with RD. Clinical course and management among moderate (30–33 weeks (wks) of gestation) and late preterms (34–36 wks) were assessed in the Neobs study, a French neonatal observational cohort study (2018) of preterms with RD in the first 24 h of life. Clinical course was defined as stable (use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) only), initially severe (initial use of invasive ventilation (IV)), and worsening (switch off IV after NIV support). Surfactant therapy instillation and withdrawal of all ventilator support at 72 h were recorded. Among moderate (n = 279) and late (n = 281) preterms, the clinical course was similar (p < 0.27): stable (82.1 and 86.8%), worsening (11.8% and 9.3%), and initially severe RD (6.1% and 3.9%), respectively. Surfactant was administered more frequently in the moderate versus late preterm groups (28.3% vs 16.7%; p < 0.001). The recommended surfactant dose (200 mg/kg) was administered in 53.3–83.3% of moderate and 42.1–63.2% of late preterms according to the clinical course. Withdrawal of ventilatory support at 72 h was observed in 40.0% and 70.0% of moderate and late preterms, respectively (p < 0.05), and was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with clinical course (the minus proportion among the worsening group). Conclusion: While the proportion of clinical course pattern is similar in moderate and late preterm infants, the management of RD varies with gestational age, with late preterm infants being managed later in life and moderate premature infants weaned from ventilation at a later stage.

What is Known:• There is a lack of clear guidance on the management of respiratory distress (RD) in moderate-to-late preterm infants.• Neobs was a multicentre, observational study designed to characterise the real-world management of moderate-to-late preterm infants with RD in France.

What is New:• Secondary analyses of Neobs study data found that ventilatory support strategies were dependent on gestational age despite a similar clinical course.• At 30–33 weeks of gestation (wks), infants were more likely to receive non-invasive ventilation at delivery, while 34–36 wks infants were more likely to be managed using a wait-and-see approach.
Efficacy of cx601 (darvadstrocel) for the treatment of perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease—A prospective nationwide multicenter cohort study
Authors: Dawoud Christopher , Widmann Kerstin Melanie , Czipin Sascha , Pramhas Michael , Scharitzer Martina , Stift Anton , Harpain Felix , Riss Stefan 
Published: October 2023

Summary
Background
The use of mesenchymal stem cells is considered a novel and promising therapeutic option for patients with perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease; however, data on its clinical application remain scarce. This multicenter nationwide study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in closing complex anal fistulas.

Methods
In this study 14 Crohn’s disease patients (3 males, 11 females) with complex anal fistulas treated in 3 tertiary hospitals in Austria were included between October 2018 and April 2021.
Injection of 120 million allogeneic expanded adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Cx601—darvadstrocel) was performed in each patient. Closure of the external fistula opening without secretion by external manual compression was defined as treatment success.

Results
The median age of the patient population at the time of surgery was 32 years (range 26–53 years) with a median body mass index of 21.7 kg/m2 (range 16.7–26.6 kg/m2). Of the patients 12 (86%) received monoclonal antibodies (infliximab, adalimumab, ustekinumab, vedolizumab) at the time of surgery.
The median number of complex fistulas was 1.4 (range 1–2), The median operative time was 20 min (range 6–50 min) with no perioperative complications.
After a median follow-up of 92 weeks, we found successful fistula closure in 57.1% (n = 8) of treated patients. The perianal disease activity index did not improve significantly from initially 7 to a median of 6 after 52 weeks (p = 0.495).

Conclusion
Darvadstrocel is a safe, minimally invasive surgical technique without significant perioperative complications. Clinical success can be expected in about half of the treated patients.
Global optimization for cardinality-constrained minimum sum-of-squares clustering via semidefinite programming
Authors: Piccialli Veronica , Sudoso Antonio M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe minimum sum-of-squares clustering (MSSC), or k-means type clustering, has been recently extended to exploit prior knowledge on the cardinality of each cluster. Such knowledge is used to increase performance as well as solution quality. In this paper, we propose a global optimization approach based on the branch-and-cut technique to solve the cardinality-constrained MSSC. For the lower bound routine, we use the semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation recently proposed by Rujeerapaiboon et al. (SIAM J Optim 29(2):1211–1239, 2019). However, this relaxation can be used in a branch-and-cut method only for small-size instances. Therefore, we derive a new SDP relaxation that scales better with the instance size and the number of clusters. In both cases, we strengthen the bound by adding polyhedral cuts. Benefiting from a tailored branching strategy which enforces pairwise constraints, we reduce the complexity of the problems arising in the children nodes. For the upper bound, instead, we present a local search procedure that exploits the solution of the SDP relaxation solved at each node. Computational results show that the proposed algorithm globally solves, for the first time, real-world instances of size 10 times larger than those solved by state-of-the-art exact methods.
The cytocompatibility of graphene oxide as a platform to enhance the effectiveness and safety of silver nanoparticles through in vitro studies
Authors: Strojny-Cieślak Barbara , Jaworski Sławomir , Wierzbicki Mateusz , Pruchniewski Michał , Sosnowska-Ławnicka Malwina , Szczepaniak Jarosław , Lange Agata , Koczoń Piotr , Zielińska-Górska Marlena , Chwalibóg Ewa Sawosz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the need to reduce the use of antibiotics call for the development of safe alternatives, such as silver nanoparticles. However, their potential cytotoxic effect needs to be addressed. Graphene oxide provides a large platform that can increase the effectiveness and safety of silver nanoparticles. Graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles complex applied as a part of an innovative material might have direct contact with human tissues, such as skin, or might be inhaled from aerosol or exfoliated pieces of the complex. Thereby, the safety of the prepared complex has to be evaluated carefully, employing a range of methods. We demonstrated the high cytocompatibility of graphene oxide and the graphene oxide–silver nanoparticles complex toward human cell lines, fetal foreskin fibroblasts (HFFF2), and lung epithelial cells (A549). The supporting platform of graphene oxide also neutralized the slight toxicity of bare silver nanoparticles. Finally, in studies on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the number of bacteria reduction was observed after incubation with silver nanoparticles and the graphene oxide–silver nanoparticles complex. Our findings confirm the possibility of employing a graphene oxide–silver nanoparticles complex as a safe agent with reduced silver nanoparticles’ cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties.
Exposure to environmental pollutants and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Rosi Eleonora , Crippa Alessandro , Pozzi Marco , De Francesco Stefano , Fioravanti Mariachiara , Mauri Maddalena , Molteni Massimo , Morello Luisa , Tosti Luca , Metruccio Francesca , Clementi Emilio , Nobile Maria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough heritability estimates suggest a role for genetic components, environmental risk factors have been described as relevant in the etiology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Several studies have investigated the role of toxicological pollution, i.e., air pollution, heavy metals, POPs, and phthalates. Clear evidence for association of ADHD and environmental factors has not been provided yet. To answer this, we have assessed all available systematic reviews and meta-analyses that focused on the association between pollutant exposure and either ADHD diagnosis or symptoms. More than 1800 studies were screened of which 14 found eligible. We found evidence of a significant role for some pollutants, in particular heavy metals and phthalates, in the increased risk of developing ADHD symptoms. However, at the current stage, data from existing literature also do not allow to weight the role of the different environmental pollutants. We also offer a critical examination of the reviews/meta-analyses and provide indications for future studies in this field. PROSPERO registration: CRD42022341496
Holistic OR domain modeling: a semantic scene graph approach
Authors: Özsoy Ege , Czempiel Tobias , Örnek Evin Pınar , Eck Ulrich , Tombari Federico , Navab Nassir 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Surgical procedures take place in highly complex operating rooms (OR), involving medical staff, patients, devices and their interactions. Until now, only medical professionals are capable of comprehending these intricate links and interactions. This work advances the field toward automated, comprehensive and semantic understanding and modeling of the OR domain by introducing semantic scene graphs (SSG) as a novel approach to describing and summarizing surgical environments in a structured and semantically rich manner.

Methods
We create the first open-source 4D SSG dataset. 4D-OR includes simulated total knee replacement surgeries captured by RGB-D sensors in a realistic OR simulation center. It includes annotations for SSGs, human and object pose, clinical roles and surgical phase labels. We introduce a neural network-based SSG generation pipeline for semantic reasoning in the OR and apply our approach to two downstream tasks: clinical role prediction and surgical phase recognition.

Results
We show that our pipeline can successfully reason within the OR domain. The capabilities of our scene graphs are further highlighted by their successful application to clinical role prediction and surgical phase recognition tasks.

Conclusion
This work paves the way for multimodal holistic operating room modeling, with the potential to significantly enhance the state of the art in surgical data analysis, such as enabling more efficient and precise decision-making during surgical procedures, and ultimately improving patient safety and surgical outcomes. We release our code and dataset at github.com/egeozsoy/4D-OR.
Die implantatlose Loop-Tenodese der langen Bizepssehne: Technik und funktionelle Ergebnisse
Authors: Henssler Leopold , Klute Lisa , Alt Volker , Kerschbaum Maximilian 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von der Idee der Autotenodese nach Tenotomie der langen Bizepssehne (LBS) wurde die neue implantatlose Loop-Tenodesetechnik eingeführt, welche durch Vergrößerung des Durchmessers der Bizepssehnenstumpfes die Autotenodese im Sulcus bicipitalis verbessert und somit eine stabile Verankerung der LBS im Sulcus ohne die Notwendigkeit eines Implantats erreichen soll. Die Vergrößerung des Bizepssehnenstumpfes wird bei der Technik durch die Anlage einer Sehnenschlaufe am Sehnenstumpf nach der Tenotomie erzielt. Hierdurch verblockt sich die proximale Sehne im Sulcus und ein Gleiten der Sehne durch den Sulcus mit Distalisation des Muskelbauchs und konsekutiver kosmetischer Deformität und Kraftminderung wird verhindert. Nach der Veröffentlichung der Operationstechnik im Jahr 2019 wurde das Verfahren zunächst in einer biomechanischen Untersuchung getestet, bei der die Loop-Tenodese mit der Tenotomie an menschlichen Präparaten verglichen wurde. Die maximale Belastbarkeit war bei der Loop-Tenodese signifikant höher als in der Tenotomiegruppe. Ein Versagen der Loop-Tenodese konnte nur im Falle einer vollständigen Sehnenruptur distal des Loops beobachtet werden. Aufgrund der vielversprechenden Ergebnisse wurde die Loop-Tenodese in einer prospektiven klinischen Studie erprobt. Die Studienpatienten berichteten 6 Monate nach der chirurgischen Behandlung über eine signifikante Verbesserung des Constant Scores, des LHB-Score („long head of biceps“), der Schmerzen und des Bewegungsumfangs. Die Ergebnisse der Loop-Tenodese waren in den bisherigen Analysen vergleichbar mit dem Ergebnis nach suprapektoralen Ankertenodese in früheren Studien.