bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced MRI of the Breast: From Theory to Practice
Authors: Kataoka Masako , Honda Maya , Sagawa Hajime , Ohashi Akane , Sakaguchi Rena , Hashimoto Hina , Iima Mami , Takada Masahiro , Nakamoto Yuji 
Published: December 2023

The development of ultrafast dynamic contrast‐enhanced (UF‐DCE) MRI has occurred in tandem with fast MRI scan techniques, particularly view‐sharing and compressed sensing. Understanding the strengths of each technique and optimizing the relevant parameters are essential to their implementation. UF‐DCE MRI has now shifted from research protocols to becoming a part of clinical scan protocols for breast cancer. UF‐DCE MRI is expected to compensate for the low specificity of abbreviated MRI by adding kinetic information from the upslope of the time‐intensity curve. Because kinetic information from UF‐DCE MRI is obtained from the shape and timing of the initial upslope, various new kinetic parameters have been proposed. These parameters may be associated with receptor status or prognostic markers for breast cancer. In addition to the diagnosis of malignant lesions, more emphasis has been placed on predicting and evaluating treatment response because hyper‐vascularity is linked to the aggressiveness of breast cancers. In clinical practice, it is important to note that breast lesion images obtained from UF‐DCE MRI are slightly different from those obtained by conventional DCE MRI in terms of morphology. A major benefit of using UF‐DCE MRI is avoidance of the marked or moderate background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) that can obscure the target enhancing lesions. BPE is less prominent in the earlier phases of UF‐DCE MRI, which offers better lesion‐to‐noise contrast. The excellent contrast of early‐enhancing vessels provides a key to understanding the detailed pathological structure of tumor‐associated vessels. UF‐DCE MRI is normally accompanied by a large volume of image data for which automated/artificial intelligence‐based processing is expected to be useful. In this review, both the theoretical and practical aspects of UF‐DCE MRI are summarized.Evidence Level5Technical EfficacyStage 2
Human papillomavirus testing using HPV APTIMA® assay and an external cellularity control in self‐collected samples
Authors: Pasquier Christophe , Raymond Stéphanie , Duchanois Delphine , Sauné Karine , Oliveira‐Mendes Kevin , Vayssiere Christophe , Izopet Jacques 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn cervical cancer screening programs, the detection of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) is now widely implemented on physician‐collected samples and has expanded to include self‐collected samples. The use of a cellularity control (CC) is needed to reduce false‐negative HPV results. An external mRNA CC for the HPV APTIMA® assay was assessed for its analytical performance and the results were compared with both cervix cytobrush samples taken by physicians and self‐collected vaginal samples from 148 women. The performance of the CC was adjusted to control for the presence of cellular mRNA in the ThinPrep® and Multitest® transport media. This CC is user‐friendly but implies to perform two independent assays on PANTHER® automate. Self‐collected vaginal sampling gives a lower median CC results (13.2 vs. 16.9 min) but a higher risk of negative CC results (3.3 vs. 0%). The usefulness of the CC for the HR‐HPV assay may be optimized by the definition of a threshold for a minimum cell number to be tested to increase confidence in HPV‐negative results. The systematic use of an RNA CC increases confidence for HPV RNA assays on self‐collected vaginal samples.
The importance of terrestrial carbon sequestration during Termination 1
Authors: Jacobson GEORGE L. , Norton STEPHEN A. , Maasch KIRK A. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTDuring the transition from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the Holocene, terrestrial carbon sequestration occurred primarily in boreal forests and forest soils largely on landscapes that had been covered by ice sheets. Major processes operating during this period included radiative warming from rising concentrations of atmospheric CO2 (degassing oceans and oxidation of permafrost); increased seasonal warming associated with axial precession; melting of alpine glaciers and ice sheets; exposure of new land surfaces; and sequestration of carbon in expanding terrestrial vegetation and soils. We examine mechanisms of warming that melted glacial ice; temporal and spatial availability of newly exposed landscapes; rates at which plant colonization and soil development occurred; estimates of terrestrial carbon sequestration; and how those processes interacted with one another. Data from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide ice core show that from 18 to 11 cal ka bp the concentration of atmospheric CO2 rose by ≈80 ppmv (≈170 Gt C); published estimates of net terrestrial carbon sequestration (following photosynthesis) are considerably higher (450–1250 Gt C). Thus, accumulation of carbon in terrestrial vegetation and soils played an important role in modulating atmospheric CO2 and, indirectly, Earth's climate during Termination 1, and possibly during earlier Quaternary ice ages.
Outcomes of incidental versus non‐incidental T2 gallbladder cancer: A single‐institute experience of 425 cases
Authors: Patkar Shraddha , Kunte Aditya , Chaudhari Vikram , Goel Mahesh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundUp to 60% of incidentally detected gallbladder cancers (GBCs) have a primary stage of pathologic T2 stage (pT2), defined by invasion of the peri‐adventitial tissue by the tumour, a plane breached during a simple cholecystectomy. This study assesses the impact of incidental detection of pT2 GBCs on survival outcomes.MethodsRetrospective analysis of pT2 GBCs undergoing a curative resection was performed. Patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before an upfront radical resection were excluded. Outcomes of patients undergoing upfront surgery (uGBC) and incidentally detected tumours (iGBC) were compared.ResultsFrom a total of 1356 patients, 425 patients with pT2 GBCs were included. Of these, 118 (27.7%) and 307 (72.23%) patients were in the uGBC and iGBC groups, respectively. Patients with iGBC had significantly higher locoregional, (62 [19.8%] vs. 11 [9.3%]; p = 0.009), liver, (36 [11.5%] vs. 4 [3.4%]; p = 0.01), and abdominal wall recurrences (23 [7.4%] vs. 1 [0.8%]; p = 0.009). Five‐year disease free survival rates were 68.7% and 49.2% in the uGBC and iGBC groups, respectively (p = 0.013). Five‐year overall survival rates were 71.7% and 64.6% in the uGBC and iGBC groups, respectively (p = 0.317).ConclusionsIncidentally detected pT2 GBCs have significantly poorer outcomes compared to similarly staged patients undergoing an upfront radical cholecystectomy.
Sun protection and sun exposure habits among tattooed individuals
Authors: Kluger Nicolas , Shourick Jason , Seité Sophie , Taieb Charles 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about sun‐exposure and sun‐protection behaviors among tattooed individuals.ObjectivesThis study sought to investigate the sun‐exposure and sun‐protective habits among tattooed individuals.MethodsPopulation‐based study using a representative sample of the general population aged ≥18 years from four countries (Brazil, China, Russia and United‐States). All participants were asked to fill in a digital structured questionnaire. We inquired about socio‐demographics, self‐evaluation of their skin phototype (from I to VI), tattoo(s) and sun‐exposure and sun‐protection habits.ResultsA total of 9031 adult participants responded to the questionnaire of whom 1682 (18.6%) had ≥ 1 tattoo(s). The prevalence of tattoos was significantly higher among individuals with lighter skin tone (phototype I to III, 20.2%) compared to those with darker one (phototype IV to VI, 13.9%, p<0.001). Almost 20% percent of the tattooed individuals acknowledged heavy lifestyle sun‐exposure compared to 11% of those without tattoos (p<0.001). Multinomial analyses showed that Brazilians and those having ≥ 1 tattoo were more likely to have intermediate and intense lifestyle sun‐exposure. Tattooed individuals were more likely to report that they used regular or occasional sun‐protection methods than non‐tattooed individuals (p < 0.001 and 0.016 respectively). Multinomial analyses for regular sun‐protection methods showed significant association with respondents from Brazil and those having one tattoo, but not more than one tattoo. Limitations include mainly that this is a questionnaire‐based study and and we lack of questions about sunburns and skin cancers.ConclusionsThis large population‐based study shows that tattooed individuals do have a heavily sun‐exposed lifestyle but, at the same time, display sun‐protection habits.
High Stable Mechanoluminescence from TbBO3 GCs for Stress Safety Monitoring
Authors: Xiao Jianqiang , Cai Yiyu , Song Yingdan , Tang Haitao , Zhang Pengfei , Peng Qingpeng , Xu Xuhui , Liu Zhichao , Zhao Lei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMechanoluminescence (ML) materials are widely used in information storage, stress sensing, and structural health monitoring due to their simplicity, nondestructiveness, and real‐time sensing characteristics. However, the currently reported ML films suffer from high‐temperature decomposition, opacity, and unstable ML properties, which seriously limits their applications. Herein, a transparent TbBO3 glass‐ceramic (GCs) with significant ML performance is explored. A large number of Si‐O and B‐O tetrahedra in the glass matrix greatly improves the structural stability. Meanwhile, the disordered atomic arrangement reduces the obstacles in the light propagation process, making it highly transparent. Furthermore, femtosecond laser irradiation produces an ultra‐deep trap of 517 K, which makes its ML performance highly stable. Based on this material, an aircraft stress safety monitoring system that can accurately pinpoint where the aircraft window is hit is designed. Therefore, this work provides a new strategy for the design of highly stable and transparent ML materials.
Independent Dual‐Band Bound States in the Continuum Supported by Double Asymmetric Periodic Gratings in Germanium‐Based Structure
Authors: Zhang Shubin , Zong Meixue , Liu Yiqing , Wu Zhiyong , Lv Jinwen , Xu Zhengji 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBound states in the continuum (BIC) are localized states coexisting with extended waves in the continuum spectrum and have infinite lifetimes without emitting radiation. In practice, symmetry‐protected BIC are usually extended to quasi‐BIC by breaking symmetry is commonly employed. A new strategy to realize the dual‐band BIC on an all‐dielectric metasurface is proposed and experimentally proved. This strategy is based on two inverse‐guided modes supported by the double asymmetric periodic gratings (dual‐APGs). In the normal incidence condition, the guided modes are bounded as radiation‐free dark states due to the symmetric incident field and the symmetric structural geometry. By importing symmetry breaking in adjacent gratings or gaps, the guided modes are coupled with radiation mode and converted into resonance states with a high Q‐factor. These two BICs modes supported by air gaps and gratings can be controlled independently. In addition, experimental observation and verification based on the non‐etching fabrication technology in the mid‐infrared band are also implemented. This work provides a new method for the realization and tuning of dual‐frequency BICs, the obtained high Q‐factor independent bi‐quasi BICs have potential applications in nonlinear optics, multi‐mode laser, and optical sensing.
Biallelic pathogenic variants of PARS2 cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with spike‐and‐wave activation in sleep
Authors: Licchetta Laura , Di Giorgi Lucia , Santucci Margherita , Taruffi Lisa , Stipa Carlotta , Minardi Raffaella , Carelli Valerio , Bisulli Francesca 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundBiallelic pathogenic variants in the mitochondrial prolyl‐tRNA synthetase 2 gene (PARS2, OMIM * 612036) have been associated with Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy‐75 (DEE‐75, MIM #618437). This condition is typically characterized by early‐onset refractory infantile spasms with hypsarrhythmia, intellectual disability, microcephaly, cerebral atrophy with hypomyelination, lactic acidemia, and cardiomyopathy. Most affected individuals do not survive beyond the age of 10 years.MethodsWe describe a patient with early‐onset DEE, consistently showing an EEG pattern of Spike‐and‐Wave Activation in Sleep (SWAS) since childhood. The patient underwent extensive clinical, metabolic and genetic investigations, including whole exome sequencing (WES).ResultsWES analysis identified compound heterozygous variants in PARS2 that have been already reported as pathogenic. A literature review of PARS2‐associated DEE, focusing mainly on the electroclinical phenotype, did not reveal the association of SWAS with pathogenic variants in PARS2.Notably, unlike previously reported cases with the same genotype, this patient had longer survival without cardiac involvement or lactic acidosis, suggesting potential genetic modifiers contributing to disease variability.ConclusionThese findings widen the genetic heterogeneity of DEE‐SWAS, including PARS2 as a causative gene in this syndromic entity, and highlight the importance of prolonged sleep EEG recording for the recognition of SWAS as a possible electroclinical evolution of PARS2‐related DEE.
Prenatal Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) in the Context of BMI, Gestational Weight Gain, and Lipid Profile—An Association Study in Pregnant Women with Overweight or Obesity
Authors: Schönbacher Lukas , Treichler Carmen , Brandl Waltraud , Köfeler Harald C. , Fluhr Herbert , Jantscher‐Krenn Evelyn , van Poppel Mireille N. M. 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are bioactive glycans first detected in human milk. Their presence in maternal blood during pregnancy suggests systemic functions. Dynamics and associations of the most abundant prenatal HMOs in relation to maternal BMI and serum lipids in a cohort of 87 pregnant women with either overweight or obesity are studied.MethodsSerum HMOs (2’FL, 3’SL, 3’SLN, LDFT), serum lipids (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides), and BMI are measured at 15, 24, and 32 weeks of gestation.Results2’FL and LDFT are negatively correlated to pre‐pregnancy BMI and increase significantly slower between 15 and 24 weeks in highly obese women. Women without detectable increase of serum 2’FL (non‐secretors) show a less pronounced gestational weight gain and lower BMI in the third trimester as compared to women phenotype as secretors. Higher early‐pregnancy 2’FL is associated with high HDL and low triglycerides in pregnancy. On the other hand, higher 3’SL at 15 weeks is associated with higher triglycerides, LDL, and total cholesterol.ConclusionsHigher early‐pregnancy 2’FL is associated with a cardioprotective lipid profile, whereas higher 3’SL is associated with an atherogenic lipid profile. Serum trajectories of 2’FL and LDFT in obese women suggest an obesity mediated delay of α‐1,2‐fucosylation.
Malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty assessment in pediatric transplantation
Authors: Beer Stacey Silver , Wong Vega Molly 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNutrition assessment can be challenging in children with end‐stage organ disease and in those requiring an organ transplant. The effect of poor nutrition status can exert long‐lasting effects on children with end‐stage organ disease requiring transplantation. Malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty are conditions that require provision of optimal nutrition to prevent or support the treatment of these conditions. Unfortunately, the literature on the assessment of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty in pediatric end‐stage organ disease is scarce, thus leading to confusion on how to effectively identify them. Recently, the addition of a variety of validated nutrition and functional assessment techniques has assisted with appropriate assessment of these conditions. The objective of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the current literature for pediatric assessment of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty in the setting of solid organ transplantation and provide practicing nutrition clinicians a solid foundation for learning how to effectively assess these conditions with the current literature available.
Validation of a Novel Allergy‐Specific Domain for the 22‐Item Sino‐Nasal Outcomes Test
Authors: Feng Anne Y. , Kim Minjee , Prince Anthony A. , Corrales Carleton E. , Li Anne , Willard Elizabeth , Forrester Carly A. , Piccirillo Jay , Shin Jennifer J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo develop and assess the validity of a novel allergy‐specific domain for the 22‐item sino‐nasal outcomes test (SNOT‐22), to provide a new tool that efficiently quantifies the impact of allergic rhinitis (AR) concurrent with chronic rhinosinusitis.Study DesignProspective validation study.SettingTertiary care hospital and community‐based clinic.MethodsProposed items were developed based on clinician and patient input, and further assessed via factor analysis and for internal consistency (n = 1987). Items were then additionally assessed for convergent and discriminant validity (n = 415), applying data from concurrent completions of the Nasal Obstruction and Septoplasty Effectiveness Scale (NOSE), Mini‐Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality‐of‐Life Questionnaire (MiniRQLQ), and validated global health assessments. Assessments of intra‐rater reliability, responsiveness to change, and qualitative input were also performed.ResultsFactor analysis demonstrated that proposed allergy items mapped to a single domain. Items were internally consistent (Cronbach α: 0.80 within domain, 0.91 within all SNOT). In assessments of convergent validity, domain scores were associated with MiniRQLQ (Spearman's ρ: 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30‐0.59) and NOSE scores (0.36, 95% CI: 0.27‐0.44). The novel items also discriminated among clinical states: a 1‐point increase in domain score was associated with an 8.32 (95% CI: 5.43‐12.75) increase in the odds of prompting a visit for allergy‐related symptoms and a 1.52 (95% CI: 1.13‐2.05) increase in the odds of positive allergy testing. Intra‐rater reliability was substantial (Cohen's κ: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.8‐0.9), and responsiveness to change was demonstrated (mean difference: −0.6, 95% CI: −0.8 to −0.4).ConclusionsThis novel domain is a valid, efficient measure of AR alongside rhinosinusitis.
Development of a Prognostic Nomogram for Modified Tinnitus Relieving Sound Therapy for Subjective Tinnitus
Authors: Gu Dantong , Wu Lingjie , Tang Dongmei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to develop a modified tinnitus‐relieving sound system and establish a model for predicting its treatment effects.Study DesignRetrospective study.SettingTinnitus Specialist Clinic of Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University.MethodsWe recruited 107 patients undergoing modified tinnitus‐relieving sounds between August 2020 and May 2021. Patients were divided into training (n = 75) and validation (n = 32) cohorts in a 7:3 ratio. The treatment outcome was Tinnitus Handicapped Inventory scores. Features were established using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator‐derived logistic regression model, where the selected clinical risk factors were included in the multivariate logistic regression, and a nomogram was established based on the model. The discrimination and calibration abilities of the nomogram were evaluated using the Hosmer‐Lemeshow test and calibration curves. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the net benefit of predictive efficacy.ResultsMultivariate logistic analysis indicated that the initial Tinnitus Handicapped Inventory score (odds ratio [OR]: 1.13 [1.07‐1.19], P < .001) and treatment duration (OR: 3.4 [1.34‐8.62], P < .001) were positive factors for improved tinnitus. The nomogram model that included baseline Tinnitus Handicapped Inventory score and treatment duration achieved a better concordance index of 0.880. DCA revealed that the nomogram model could lead to net benefits and exhibited a wider range of threshold probabilities for the prediction of therapeutic effects.ConclusionOur study suggests that the nomogram model, including baseline Tinnitus Handicapped Inventory score and treatment duration, could achieve optimal performance in the preoperative prediction of the therapeutic effect of modified tinnitus‐relieving sound.
Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Generation by Light‐Induced Carbon Modification of TiO2 Nanotubes
Authors: Nasir Amara , Tesler Alexander B. , Mohajernia Shiva , Qin Shanshan , Schmuki Patrik , Mazare Anca , Yasin Tariq 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) is the material of choice for photocatalytic and electrochemical applications owing to its outstanding physicochemical properties. However, its wide bandgap and relatively low conductivity limit its practical application. Modifying TiO2 with carbon species is a promising route to overcome these intrinsic complexities. In this work, we propose a facile method to modify TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) based on the remnant organic electrolyte retained inside the nanotubes after the anodization process, that is, without removing it by immersion in ethanol. Carbon‐modified TiO2 NTs (C‐TiO2 NTs) showed enhanced H2 evolution in photocatalysis under UV illumination in aqueous solutions. When the C‐TiO2 NTs were subjected to UV light illumination, the carbon underwent modification, resulting in higher measured photocurrents in the tube layers. After UV illumination, the IPCE of the C‐TiO2 NTs was 4.4‐fold higher than that of the carbon‐free TiO2 NTs.
Understanding the structural changes, interfacial mechanisms, and mechanical properties of polymer/MWCNT nanocomposites after microwave treatment
Authors: Chopra Swamini , Pande Kavita , Kelkar Amisha , Deo Shrikant , Panchmatiya Jash , Sharma Sumitra , Deshmukh Abhay , Peshwe Dilip 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe use of microwave radiation for the post‐processing treatment of engineering polymers is a recent trend not seen by many. In the case of polymers, their crystalline nature is a significant factor in optimizing the treatment time for maximum improvement in mechanical properties. With the advent of nanomaterials, the aim of the present work is to explore the possibility of post‐processing microwave treatment on the structure and property relationships in MWCNT‐reinforced polymer matrices. The microwave‐activated nucleating tendency of MWCNTs was found to be promoting molecular chain rearrangement in poly‐amide (PA) and poly‐butylene‐terephthalate (PBT) nanocomposites. This considerably improved the mechanical characteristics of the composites by facilitating the rearrangement of the crystalline segments of the polymer matrix. The wear performance of PA nanocomposite increased by 30%, while the elongation of PBT nanocomposite increased by 93%, after a treatment of only 15–20 s. However, comparing with previous studies, it was found that, similar to virgin polymers, the treatment time needed for maximum improvement in polymer/MWCNT nanocomposites is hugely dependent on polymer matrix crystallinity as well. A detailed analysis of the microwave‐treated nanocomposites' structure and mechanical properties illustrates the post‐processing microwave treatment as a time‐efficient, cost‐effective, and environmentally friendly technique.Highlights
Direct use of microwave radiation to heat the finished polymeric component.
Microwave treatment brings about structural changes resulting in enhanced properties.
Instantaneous heating is a key reason for the systematic arrangement of polymeric chains.
Microwave‐activated nucleating tendency of MWCNTs also promotes chain arrangement.
Properties increase as high as 30% wear rate and 93% elongation.