bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School participation of autistic youths: The influence of youth, family and school factors
Authors: Li Boya , Heyne David , Scheeren Anke , Blijd-Hoogewys Els , Rieffe Carolien 
Published: February 2024

Many autistic youths experience restricted school participation. The present study investigated the influences of youth, family and school factors on autistic youths’ school participation. Parents of 200 Dutch autistic youths (age range: 4–16 years, Mage = 12.23 years, SDage = 2.93 years) filled in questionnaires in a national survey for autistic individuals, reporting the school participation, age and autistic traits of their child, parents’ education level and self-efficacy for supporting their child’s schoolwork, and the impact of problems their child experienced with the physical and social environments of the school. Multivariate linear regression analysis using imputed data revealed that among the six predictor variables, only the impact of problems autistic youths experienced with the physical environment of school was negatively associated with their school participation. This study provided support for the essential role of the school environment in predicting autistic youths’ school participation, indicating that problematic aspects in the school environment could have a greater impact on autistic youths’ school participation than youth factors or family factors. This highlights the need to create a more accommodating environment at school, where autistic youths can participate easily and comfortably. Lay abstract School-aged youths have a basic human right to participate in educational and recreational activities at school. Yet, autistic youths are at high risk of being excluded from school and from school-based activities. It is important to understand how this occurs, to ensure that all autistic youths have opportunities to participate in school activities that are equal to the opportunities of their non-autistic peers. The present study investigated multiple influences on the school participation of autistic youths, including youth factors (age and autistic traits), family factors (parent education level and parental self-efficacy for supporting their child’s schoolwork) and school factors (the impact of problems autistic youths experienced with the physical and social environments of school). Using an online survey, we gathered the views and experiences of the parents of 200 autistic youths aged between 4 and 16 years, in the Netherlands. We found that among the factors, only the impact of problems that autistic youths experienced with the physical environment of school was associated with their school participation. In particular, autistic youths who experienced greater difficulties with the physical environment of school had lower levels of school participation. Our findings highlight the pressing need to modify school environments to better accommodate the needs of autistic youths so that they can participate easily and comfortably.
Phonological planning in Cantonese–English bilingual speech production
Authors: Wing-Kuen Wong Andus , Yuen-King Ng Terri , Tsang Yiu-Kei , Chen Hsuan-Chih 
Published: February 2024

Purpose: Findings from previous speech production research suggest that the nature of phonological planning units is language-specific, with phonemes as the planning units in Dutch and English but syllables in Cantonese and Mandarin Chinese. However, little is known about how multilingual speakers possessing languages with distinctive phonological planning units plan for their speech. This study was conducted to investigate the roles of syllable and phoneme in Cantonese (L1) and English (L2) production among Cantonese–English bilinguals. Design: A picture version of the form-preparation task was employed, where participants named aloud (in their L1 and L2) small sets of pictures repeatedly. The names of the pictures in a set either shared the same word-initial syllable, word-initial phoneme, or were unrelated. Participants’ L1 and L2 proficiencies were measured. Data and analysis: 53 Cantonese–English bilinguals participated. The naming latency data were submitted for linear mixed effects modeling analyses. Findings: Significant priming effects on naming latency, relative to an unrelated control, were found when the response words shared the same word-initial syllable but null effects were found when they shared merely the same word-initial phoneme in both L1 and L2 production. Critically, in L2 English production, a significant negative association was observed between the size of syllable priming and the participant’s English vocabulary size. Furthermore, significant English phonemic priming was observed among the participants higher in spoken English proficiency but not among the lower proficiency counterparts. Originality: This study provides clear evidence showing the multifaceted effects of L2 proficiency on L2 phonological planning using a picture naming task. Significance: The present findings indicate the significant impact of L1 on L2 phonological planning. Yet, this L1-to-L2 influence would be modulated in different ways by the different aspects of one’s L2 proficiency.
Barriers to Enrollment in a Post-Stroke Neuromodulation and Walking Study: Implications for Recruiting Women
Authors: Mehta Twinkle , Cleland Brice , Madhavan Sangeetha 
Published: February 2024

Background Women have a higher risk of stroke and related disability than men but are underrepresented in stroke clinical trials. Identifying modifiable recruitment and enrollment barriers for women can improve study generalizability, statistical power, and resource utilization. Objective In a post-stroke neuromodulation study, we determined the impact of sex on the occurrence of exclusion criteria and compared the sex distribution of screened and enrolled individuals with a broader stroke-affected population. Methods A total of 335 individuals with chronic stroke were screened for a study examining how neuromodulation and high-intensity treadmill training affect walking speed and corticomotor excitability. Demographics and exclusions were retrospectively gathered as a secondary dataset. Exclusion criteria consisted of 6 categories (not target population, unable to do treadmill protocol, unable to do non-invasive brain stimulation, insufficient ankle motion and disinterest, and cognitive impairment). Incidence of each exclusion criterion was compared between women and men. The sex distribution was compared to a dataset from Chicago primary stroke centers. Results A total of 81 individuals were enrolled and 254 were not. The percentage of women excluded was significantly greater than that of men ( P = .04). No individual exclusion criterion or categories excluded women more frequently than men. Screened and enrolled individuals had a lower proportion of women and younger age than a representative stroke population ( P < .001). Conclusions We identified exclusion criteria (ie, headaches, cognitive scores, and age) that are modifiable barriers to enrollment of women in this post-stroke neuromodulation study. Addressing underrepresentation of women in stroke research is pivotal for enhancing generalizability, achieving statistical power, and optimizing resources.
Setting priorities for physical examination in pharmacy education: A Delphi study
Authors: Tremblay Marie-Laurence , Guay Marc-Antoine , Lafleur Alexandre 
Published: February 2024

Background: As the scope of pharmacy practice is expanding, a growing number of pharmacists perform physical examination (PE) to gather additional information to monitor the effectiveness and safety of their patients’ therapy. This professional activity calls for the development of comprehensive and valuable PE training. We sought to determine by consensus which PE tests should be given teaching priority in pharmacy education. Methods: Using existing PE literature in pharmacy, we conducted an online Delphi survey from December 2021 to April 2022 with 16 pharmacists who practise in a variety of settings and/or who are considered experts in PE. Results: After 2 Delphi rounds, consensus was reached to either include or exclude 27 PE tests in entry-to-practice programs. One last round allowed prioritizing the agreed-upon PE tests in terms of educational needs. Clinicians agreed that measuring blood pressure is indispensable and should be given teaching priority, followed by pulse rate, weight and blood glucose measurements. Endocrine system and head and neck examinations should be included in pharmacy programs, but their clinical usefulness was considered less important. Discussion: We compared our results with PE literature in other health care disciplines. We found that only a few PE tests truly influence drug therapy management, that some examinations can be quite difficult to perform accurately and that without proper training and opportunities to retrain, skill decay can lead to dangerous misinterpretations. Pharmacy programs should consider focusing on teaching PE tests supported by evidence as having an impact on drug therapy management. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2024;157:xx-xx.
New strategies for confirmatory testing of secondary hypotheses on combined data from multiple trials
Authors: Vandemeulebroecke Marc , Häring Dieter A , Hua Eva , Wei Xiaoling , Xi Dong 
Published: February 2024

Background: Pivotal evidence of efficacy of a new drug is typically generated by (at least) two clinical trials which independently provide statistically significant and mutually corroborating evidence of efficacy based on a primary endpoint. In this situation, showing drug effects on clinically important secondary objectives can be demanding in terms of sample size requirements. Statistically efficient methods to power for such endpoints while controlling the Type I error are needed. Methods: We review existing strategies for establishing claims on important but sample size–intense secondary endpoints. We present new strategies based on combined data from two independent, identically designed and concurrent trials, controlling the Type I error at the submission level. We explain the methodology and provide three case studies. Results: Different strategies have been used for establishing secondary claims. One new strategy, involving a protocol planned analysis of combined data across trials, and controlling the Type I error at the submission level, is particularly efficient. It has already been successfully used in support of label claims. Regulatory views on this strategy differ. Conclusions: Inference on combined data across trials is a useful approach for generating pivotal evidence of efficacy for important but sample size–intense secondary endpoints. It requires careful preparation and regulatory discussion.
Factors associated with the disinfection of devices attached to peripheral intravenous catheters performed by the nursing team in pediatric units
Authors: Silva Thiago Lopes , dos Santos Luciano Marques , Kusahara Denise Miyuki , Burciaga Luz Verónica Berumen , Biazus Dalcin Camila , de Souza Sabrina , Bitencourt Aline de Souza , Rocha Patrícia Kuerten 
Published: February 2024

Background Peripheral intravenous catheterization, as well as drug administration through it, represents one of the most performed procedures by the Nursing team and, for that, precautions need to be adopted to offer harm-free care. Objective To verify the association of Nursing professionals’ work shift and training time with proper disinfection of intravenous catheter devices in pediatric units. Methods A cross-sectional and analytical study conducted between June and August 2021 in three hospitalization units of a Pediatric Hospital. The inclusion criterion was drug administration via peripheral intravenous catheters performed by Nursing professionals. The data were analyzed according to inferential statistics, adopting p ≤ .05 as significance level. Results There were a total of 385 observations of drug administration procedures. The device was not disinfected in 60.3% of the cases, there was no friction at the suitable time in 86.3%, and the disinfectant was not allowed to dry in 72.5%. The work shift exerted no influence on performance of the disinfection procedure ( p = .376). However, longer training time was associated with a lower rate in performing such procedure ( p < .001). Conclusion Performing friction below the recommended time can cause a false sense of prevention of catheter-associated bloodstream infection; therefore, training sessions and strategies for adherence to the disinfection procedures should be considered, mainly for professionals with more training time.
Short-term prognosis of polypharmacy in elderly patients treated in emergency departments: results from the EDEN project
Authors: Ruiz Ramos Jesus , Alquézar-Arbé Aitor , Juanes Borrego Ana , Burillo Putze Guillermo , Aguiló Sira , Jacob Javier , Fernández Cesáreo , Llorens Pere , Quero Espinosa Francisco de Borja , Gordo Remartinez Susana , Hernando González Rocio , Moreno Martín Miguel , Sánchez Aroca Sara , Sara Knabe Alicia , González González Rebeca , Carrión Fernández Marina , Artieda Larrañaga Alberto , Adroher Muñoz Maria , Hong Cho Jeong-Uh , Escolar Martínez Berganza María Teresa , Gayoso Martín Sara , Sánchez Sindín Goretti , Silva Penas Martina , Gómez y Gómez Bárbara , Arenos Sambro Roser , González del Castillo Juan , Miró Òscar 
Published: February 2024

Background: Polypharmacy is a growing phenomenon among elderly individuals. However, there is little information about the frequency of polypharmacy among the elderly population treated in emergency departments (EDs) and its prognostic effect. This study aims to determine the prevalence and short-term prognostic effect of polypharmacy in elderly patients treated in EDs. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the Emergency Department Elderly in Needs (EDEN) project’s cohort was performed. This registry included all elderly patients who attended 52 Spanish EDs for any condition. Mild and severe polypharmacy was defined as the use of 5–9 drugs and ⩾10 drugs, respectively. The assessed outcomes were ED revisits, hospital readmissions, and mortality 30 days after discharge. Crude and adjusted logistic regression analyses, including the patient’s comorbidities, were performed. Results: A total of 25,557 patients were evaluated [mean age: 78 (IQR: 71–84) years]; 10,534 (41.2%) and 5678 (22.2%) patients presented with mild and severe polypharmacy, respectively. In the adjusted analysis, mild polypharmacy and severe polypharmacy were associated with an increase in ED revisits [odds ratio (OR) 1.13 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–1.23) and 1.38 (95% CI: 1.24–1.51)] and hospital readmissions [OR 1.18 (95% CI: 1.04–1.35) and 1.36 (95% CI: 1.16–1.60)], respectively, compared to non-polypharmacy. Mild and severe polypharmacy were not associated with increased 30-day mortality [OR 1.05 (95% CI: 0.89–2.26) and OR 0.89 (95% CI: 0.72–1.12)], respectively. Conclusion: Polypharmacy was common among the elderly treated in EDs and associated with increased risks of ED revisits and hospital readmissions ⩽30 days but not with an increased risk of 30-day mortality. Patients with polypharmacy had a higher risk of ED revisits and hospital readmissions ⩽30 days after discharge.
Electrochemotherapy for the treatment of basal cell tumours of the nasal planum in three cats
Authors: Salmoral Alvaro , Penzo Chiara , Baines Stephen 
Published: February 2024

Case series summary Malignant basal cell tumours may be seen on or near the nasal planum in cats, and include basal cell carcinomas, which are common, and basosquamous carcinomas, which are rare. Reported treatments for these tumours include surgical excision, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy and cryosurgery. This report describes the successful management of basal cell tumours with electrochemotherapy (ECT), including calcium electroporation, in three cats. Relevance and novel information All patients had a complete response lasting at least 9 months to 1 year. The adverse effects of this treatment were minimal and were limited to nasal discharge, sneezing and scabs at the treatment site. ECT and calcium electroporation are a safe, minimally invasive and effective option for the treatment of feline basal cell carcinoma and basosquamous carcinomas.
Cannabidiol for Postoperative Pain Control After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Demonstrates No Deficits in Patient-Reported Outcomes Versus Placebo: 1-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Alaia Michael J. , Li Zachary I. , Chalem Isabel , Hurley Eoghan T. , Vasavada Kinjal , Gonzalez-Lomas Guillem , Rokito Andrew S. , Jazrawi Laith M. , Kaplan Kevin 
Published: February 2024

Background: Cannabidiol (CBD) has been shown recently to positively affect patient pain and satisfaction immediately after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). However, it is unclear whether the addition of CBD to a perioperative regimen could affect postoperative outcomes. Purpose: To evaluate patient-reported outcomes among patients who underwent ARCR and received buccally absorbed CBD or an identical placebo for early postoperative pain management at 1-year follow-up. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Eligible patients had previously participated in a multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blinded trial that evaluated the analgesic effects of CBD in the immediate postoperative period after ARCR. The experimental group received 25 mg of CBD 3 times/day if <80 kg and 50 mg of CBD 3 times/day if >80 kg for 14 days, with the control group receiving an identical placebo. The following outcomes were assessed at minimum 1-year follow-up: visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), and patient satisfaction. The rates of achievement of the Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) were compared based on ASES at latest follow-up. Continuous and categorical variables were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher exact test, respectively. Results: Follow-up was obtained from 83 of 99 patients (83.8%) who completed the original trial. There were no significant differences between the CBD and control groups with respect to age, sex, body mass index, rate of concomitant procedures, or number of anchors used intraoperatively. At 1-year follow-up, there were no significant differences between the CBD and control groups in VAS pain (0.8 vs 1.2, P = .38), ASES (93.0 vs 91.1, P = .71), SANE (87.6 vs 90.1, P = .24), or satisfaction (97.4 vs 95.4, P = .41). A majority of patients achieved the PASS (81.0% [CBD] vs 77.5% [control]; P = .79). Conclusion: Perioperative use of CBD for pain control among patients undergoing ARCR did not result in any significant deficits in pain, satisfaction, or patient-reported outcomes at 1-year postoperatively compared with a placebo control group. These findings suggest that CBD can be considered in a postoperative multimodal pain management regimen without detrimental effects on outcome. Registration: NCT04672252 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
How Does a Junior Faculty Development Program Affect Burnout? A Mixed Methods Assessment
Authors: Riley Timothy D , Parascando Jessica A , VanDyke Erika , Stuckey Heather L , Dong Huamei , Pasha-Razzak Omrana , Kass Lawrence E , McCall-Hosenfeld Jennifer , Bronson Sarah K 
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVES Burnout is common among junior faculty. Professional development has been proposed as a method to improve engagement and reduce burnout among academic physicians. The Penn State College of Medicine Junior Faculty Development Program (JFDP) is a well-established, interdisciplinary program. However, an increase in burnout was noted among participants during the program. The authors sought to quantify the change in burnout seen among JFDP participants across 3 cohorts, and to explore sources of well-being and burnout among participants. METHODS Through a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach, participants in the 2018/19, 2019/20, and 2020/21 cohorts took a survey assessing burnout (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory), quality of life (QoL), job satisfaction, and work–home conflict at the start and end of the course. Descriptive statistics were generated as well as Pearson χ2 test/Fisher exact test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank sum tests for continuous variables for group comparisons. To better understand the outcome, past participants were invited to interviews regarding their experience of burnout during the course. Inductive thematic analysis (kappa = 0.86) was used to derive themes. RESULTS Start- and end-of-course surveys were completed by 84 and 75 participants, respectively (response rates: 95.5% and 85.2%). Burnout associated with patient/learner/client/colleague increased ( P = .005) and QoL decreased ( P = .02) at the end compared with the start. Nonsignificant trends toward worsening in other burnout categories, work–home conflict, and job satisfaction were also observed. Nineteen interviews yielded themes related to risks and protective factors for burnout including competing demands, benefits of networking, professional growth, and challenges related to diverse faculty roles. CONCLUSION Junior Faculty Development Program participants demonstrated worsening of burnout and QoL during the program while benefiting from opportunities including skill building and networking. The impact of Junior Faculty Development Programs on the well-being of participants should be considered as an element of their design, evaluation, and refinement over time.
Effect of suprachoroidal triamcinolone on intraocular pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ghazanfar Altamash Shahriyar , Khowaja Aly Hamza , Tayyab Haroon 
Published: February 2024

Background: Triamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic corticosteroid with multiple ocular uses. Like other corticosteroids, it too is associated with ocular side effects such as increased intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma and cataracts. Suprachoroidal administration of triamcinolone is hoped to reduce the ocular side effects of the drug, especially rises in IOP. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aims to study this phenomenon. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of suprachoroidal triamcinolone injections on IOP. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis Methods: We utilized the Medline, Scopus and Cochrane databases for this review. Studies published till June 2023, which fulfilled the eligibility criteria, were included. Studies in the English language with adult participants who were administered suprachoroidal triamcinolone without any concurrent intervention were included, whereas studies that did not report the mean and standard deviation for IOP were excluded. The outcome of interest was IOP at 1, 3 and 6 months post-suprachoroidal triamcinolone injection. IOP values from included studies were extracted onto Review Manager version 5.4 for analysis. Results: Our search yielded 104 results, from which 22 papers were shortlisted for full-text screening. Finally, 12 studies were included in the analysis. Our analysis suggests a statistically significant increase in IOP in the first month after suprachoroidal triamcinolone injection but no significant differences at 3 and 6 months post-injection as compared to baseline. Conclusion: Elevated IOP at 1 month post-injection must be considered when using suprachoroidal triamcinolone and adequate safety measures must be taken. However, the absence of a significant rise at 3 and 6 months post-injection indicates that this modality is safer than other existing drug delivery methods. Trial registration: Registered with the Research Registry with the unique identifying number ‘reviewregistry1656.’ https://www.researchregistry.com/browse-the-registry#registryofsystematicreviewsmeta-analyses/registryofsystematicreviewsmeta-analysesdetails/648eefe65b6523002995eb21/