bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and Functioning of the “Egg Bank” of a Fairy Shrimp in a Temporary Pool: Chirocephalus ruffoi from Pollino National Park (Southern Italy) as a Case Study
Authors: Mura Graziella 
Published: January 2004

AbstractTo investigate their distribution and total numbers, resting eggs of the anostracan Chirocephalus ruffoi were collected from the bed of a temporary pool in southern Italy. Samples were taken at 0.5 m intervals along six transects oriented at 30° from each other, by means of a cylindrical core sampler. The horizontal distribution of intact resting eggs was extremely patchy, with cyst number per core ranging from 191 to 1,400 (CV = 32.7%), corresponding to a mean of between 0.8 and 4.3 cysts cm−3. Differences observed were related to core position and transect orientation, total cyst numbers being markedly higher in the leeward area of the pool compared to the windward area. Marked variation was also evident in vertical distribution, a significant, though weak correlation was recorded between egg density and sediment depth. Cyst‐bank size (± 95% confidence limits) of the pool bed, estimated from the mean cyst number cm−3 obtained for the 6 transects, ranged between 1.0 × 108 and 1.3 × 108 cysts.Hatching in the laboratory was very erratic. Despite significant differences in hatching, the observed variation was unrelated to most of the variables considered (position within sections, cores and transects, pre‐incubation treatment) and was explained only by initial sediment conditions (moist/dry). In none of the experimental conditions tested was synchronous hatching obtained.Possible causal factors (mixing of the bottom sediments by cattle, egg age, storage conditions, differential exposure to environmental cues as well as variability in hatching response even at clutch level) are discussed. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Biomass Size Spectra and Plankton Diversity in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake
Authors: Gaedke Ursula , Seifried Angelika , Adrian Rita 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBiomass size spectra collate structural and functional attributes of plankton communities enabling standardised temporal and cross‐system comparisons and may be rapidly obtained by automated particle counters. To examine how differences in plankton communities from highly eutrophic and more oligotrophic lakes are reflected in size spectra, a three‐year time series of biomass size spectra was established for polymictic, eutrophic Lake Müggelsee, based on approximately weekly sampling and microscopic enumeration. The continuous but often bumpy size spectra reflected appropriately the seasonal and trophy‐related variations in the plankton composition and growth conditions and the potential impact of daphnids on smaller plankton. We tested the hypothesis that more diverse plankton communities have smoother size spectra than impoverished ones. The spectra of Lake Müggelsee and other more or less eutrophic lakes covaried roughly with the functional diversity in total plankton composition but were unrelated to taxonomical diversity within the phyto‐ or mesozooplankton. The slopes of the normalised size spectra of Lake Müggelsee were generally more negative than –1, exhibited a recurrent seasonal pattern and were strongly correlated with crustacean biomass. In contrast to less eutrophic systems, slopes could not be used to quantify energy fluxes within the food web due to highly variable algal P/B ratios and frequently bumpy size distributions. The latter indicated stronger deviations from the ideal concept of a steady energy flow along the size gradient than found in e.g. large, mesotrophic Lake Constance. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transport of Algal Cells in Hyporheic Sediments of the River Elbe (Germany)
Authors: Kloep Frank , Röske Isolde 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe advective transport of algal cells into the interstices of the hyporheic zone of the River Elbe was spatially and temporally heterogenous. Even deep sediment layers were reached by large phytoplankton species. Therefore, it is suggested that (i) the advective interstitial transport patterns vary between different algal sizes and morphotypes and (ii) sediment characteristics, expressed by the permeability coefficient kf of porous media, affect retention and retardation of surface water algae during subsurface transport. The transport behaviour of different green algae (Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus acuminatus, Desmodesmus communis, and Pediastrum duplex) and algal sized microspheres was tested in flow‐through column experiments with hyporheic sediments. The algal cell transport was directly related to the permeability of the column sediments. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Life History Traits of the Invader Dikerogammarus villosus (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in the Moselle River, France
Authors: Devin Simon , Piscart Christophe , Beisel Jean‐Nicolas , Moreteau Jean‐Claude 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe latest threatening invader in European freshwaters is Dikerogammarus villosus, a large gammarid of Ponto‐Caspian origin exhibiting a predatory behaviour. Its biology and population dynamics were studied over a one‐year period in a recipient ecosystem to determine bio/ecological traits having facilitated its rapid establishment. The study revealed that D. villosus reaches sexual maturity early, at six mm in length, and produces three reproductive peaks, though the species reproduces all year long, hence reflecting its multivoltine character. The study also revealed a female‐biased sex ratio, exceptional growth rates of up to 2.6 mm in two‐weeks in spring, and one of the highest fecundities of Western Europe gammarids. D. villosus exhibits a biological profile suggesting that only a few individuals can rapidly establish a new population in a recipient ecosystem, and allow this gammarid to become cosmopolitan in the near future. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Are Bacteria the Major Producers of Extracellular Glycolytic Enzymes in Aquatic Environments?
Authors: Vrba Jaroslav , Callieri Cristiana , Bittl Thomas , Šimek Karel , Bertoni Roberto , Filandr Pavel , Hartman Petr , Hejzlar Josef , Macek Miroslav , Nedoma Jiří 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn aquatic microbial ecology, it has been considered that most extracellular enzymes except phosphatases are of bacterial origin. We tested this paradigm by evaluating the relationship between bacterial cell number and the activity of three glycolytic enzymes from 17 fresh waters and also from a laboratory experiment. Our large sets of pooled data do not seem to support such a simple explanation, because we found only a weak correlation of bacterial number with activity of α‐glucosidase (rs = 0.63), β‐glucosidase (rs = 0.45), and β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase (rs = 0.44). We also tested relations of the enzymatic activities to potential sources of natural substrates: dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and phytoplankton (as chlorophyll a). Their correlations with the enzymatic activities tested were very weak or insignificant. On the other hand, we found evidence for distinct producers of extracellular enzymes by analysing enzyme kinetics. The kinetics usually did not follow the simple Michaelis‐Menten model but a more complex one, indicating a mixture of two enzymes with distinct affinity to a substrate. In combination with size fractionation, we could sometimes even distinguish three or more different enzymes. During diatom blooms, the diatom biomass tightly correlated with β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase activity (>4 μm fraction). We also documented very tight relationships between activity of both glucosidases and dry weight of Daphnia longispina (rs = 1.0 and 0.60 for α‐ and β‐glucosidases, respectively) in an alpine clear‐water lake. Our data and evidence from other studies indicate that extracellular glycosidic activities in aquatic ecosystems cannot generally be assigned only to bacteria. Also invertebrate animals and other eukaryotes (fungi, diatoms, protozoa etc.) should be considered as potentially very important enzyme producers. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Long Term Effect of Cyprinid Fishes on Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Communities in a Shallow Water Protection Reservoir
Authors: Mátyás Kálmán , Korponai János , Tátrai István , Paulovits Gábor 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe effects of fish kill and different fish stocks on the phytoplankton and zooplankton dynamics were studied in a shallow hypertrophic reservoir system. When fish stock was below 100 kg ha−1, nutrient availability was not the main limiting factor for growth of phytoplankton. Consequently top‐down forces controlled phytoplankton. In the years with high fish stock (>100 kg ha−1) the bottom‐up forces dominated as nutrient availability was the main limiting factor for growth of phytoplankton. We can conclude that significant water quality improvement can be achieved in the reservoir system by decreasing fish stock below 100 kg ha−1. Although clear‐water phase could be stabilised temporary by macrophytes, stabilisation of good water quality requires continuous regulation of fish community. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Taxonomy and Ecology of Sponge‐Associate Marionina spp. (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from the Horomatangi Geothermal System of Lake Taupo, New Zealand
Authors: Rota Emilia , Manconi Renata 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe dissection of Heterorotula sponges collected in an area of geothermal activity at 126–145 m depth on the floor of Lake Taupo (de Ronde et al., 2002) revealed a dense population of associated Enchytraeidae. They represent three species of Marionina, two of which known but exotic (the Palaearctic M. riparia Bretscher, 1899 and the Chinese M. seminuda Xie and Rota, 2001), and one new to science, M. spongicola sp. n. This is the first report of an ecological association between enchytraeids and poriferans in the lake profundal zone. The possible nature of such relationship (casual contact for feeding or dwelling for food and shelter) is discussed. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Environmental Factors Influencing Local Fish Species Richness and Differences between Hydroregions in South‐Western France
Authors: Santoul Frédéric , Soulard Anne , Figuerola Jordi , Céréghino Régis , Mastrorillo Sylvain 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of 5 typological variables on the spatial distribution patterns of fish species richness in south‐western France, and, subsequently, to analyse differences in the number of species occurring in 6 major hydroregions located within the overall study area. The data were collected at 329 sampling sites. General Linear Modelling was used to assess the influence of each typological variable on local fish species richness, and to determine the differences in local fish species richness between the 6 hydroregions. Local species richness was significantly influenced by altitude, slope and catchment area, whereas distance from the source and stream width showed no significant relations with local richness. The Côteaux de Gascogne hydroregion had a significantly lower species richness, whereas no significant differences occurred among other neighbouring hydroregions. These results were congruent with the spatial distribution patterns of freshwater invertebrate species richness in the area, which were analysed in previous studies. At such a regional scale, we suggest that congruent patterns between fish and invertebrate species richness are almost certainly a result of similar responses by different taxa to environmental conditions, rather than to biotic interactions. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Technology in psychotherapy: An introduction
Authors: Newman Michelle G. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractAll indicators suggest that technology may be an inherent part of psychotherapy delivery in the next decade. This article serves as an introduction to a special issue of Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session devoted to technology in psychotherapy. Articles in this series feature self‐help Internet sites, computer‐administered psychotherapy, adjunctive palmtop computer psychotherapy, virtual reality psychotherapy, interactive voice messaging systems, biofeedback via ambulatory physiological monitoring, synchronous and asynchronous online support groups, and use of electronic mail by psychotherapists. As illustrated by many of the articles in this issue, technological advances may extend psychotherapy beyond the therapy hour and increase psychotherapy dissemination, client motivation, and compliance. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session.
Computer‐aided CBT self‐help for anxiety and depressive disorders: Experience of a London clinic and future directions
Authors: Gega Lina , Marks Isaac , Mataix‐Cols David 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis article describes a broad‐spectrum, computer‐aided self‐help clinic that raised the throughput of anxious/depressed patients per clinician and lowered per‐patient time with a clinician without impairing effectiveness. Many sufferers improved by using one of four computer‐aided systems of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) self‐help for phobia/panic, depression, obsessive‐compulsive disorder, and general anxiety. The systems are accessible at home, two by phone and two by the Web. Initial brief screening by a clinician can be done by phone, and if patients get stuck they can obtain brief live advice from a therapist on a phone helpline. Such clinician‐extender systems offer hope for enhancing the convenience and confidentiality of guided self‐help, reducing the per‐patient cost of CBT, and lessening stigma. The case examples illustrate the clinical process and outcomes of the computer‐aided system. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session.
Using technical innovations in clinical practice: The Drinker's Check‐Up software program
Authors: Squires Daniel D. , Hester Reid K. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractInterest in assessing and treating a variety of psychological conditions with software programs is increasing rapidly. This article reviews a software program for problem drinkers entitled the Drinker's Check‐Up (DCU) and illustrates its use with three patients. The DCU is based on the principles of brief motivational interventions and can be used as a stand‐alone intervention by therapists without expertise in substance abuse or as a prelude to alcohol treatment services. It is the first software program to provide integrated assessment, feedback, and assistance with decision making for individuals experiencing problems with alcohol. Preliminary data from an ongoing clinical trial of the DCU as a stand‐alone intervention indicate that it is an effective intervention for a wide range of problem drinkers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session.
Internet‐based cognitive behavioral therapy for tinnitus
Authors: Andersson Gerhard , Kaldo Viktor 
Published: January 2004

AbstractTinnitus is a common otological problem that is often resistant to surgical or medical interventions. In common with chronic pain, cognitive‐behavioral treatment has been found to alleviate the distress and improve the functioning of tinnitus patients. Recently, a self‐help treatment has been developed for use via the Internet. In this article, we describe the self‐help program and apply it to a middle‐aged woman with tinnitus. We report the case formulation, which was done in a structured interview, and the treatment interactions, which were conducted via e‐mail. The self‐help program was presented on Web pages, and weekly diaries were submitted to follow progress and give feedback. The treatment was successful with reductions of tinnitus‐related annoyance and anxious and depressive mood. Implications for Internet administration of self‐help treatment are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session.
Water‐friendly virtual reality pain control during wound care
Authors: Hoffman Hunter G. , Patterson David R. , Magula Jeff , Carrougher Gretchen J. , Zeltzer Karen , Dagadakis Stephen , Sharar Sam R. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractRecent research suggests that entering an immersive virtual environment can serve as a powerful nonpharmacologic analgesic for severe burn pain. The present case study describes an attempt to use water‐friendly virtual reality (VR) technology with a burn patient undergoing wound care in a hydrotherapy tub. The patient was a 40‐year‐old male with 19% total body surface area deep flame/flash burns to his legs, neck, back, and buttocks. The virtual reality treatment decreased the patient's sensory and affective pain ratings and decreased the amount of time spent thinking about his pain during wound care. We believe that VR analgesia works by drawing attention away from the wound care, leaving less attention available to process incoming pain signals. The water‐friendly VR helmet dramatically increases the number of patients with severe burns that could potentially be treated with VR (see http://www.vrpain.com). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session.
Respiratory feedback for treating panic disorder
Authors: Meuret Alicia E. , Wilhelm Frank H. , Roth Walton T. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPanic disorder patients often complain of shortness of breath or other respiratory complaints, which has been used as evidence for both hyperventilation and false suffocation alarm theories of panic. Training patients to change their breathing patterns is a common intervention, but breathing rarely has been measured objectively in assessing the patient or monitoring therapy results. We report a new breathing training method that makes use of respiratory biofeedback to teach individuals to modify four respiratory characteristics: increased ventilation (Respiratory Rate × Tidal Volume), breath‐to‐breath irregularity in rate and depth, and chest breathing. As illustrated by a composite case, feedback of respiratory rate and end‐tidal pCO2can facilitate voluntary control of respiration and reduce symptoms. Respiratory monitoring may provide relevant diagnostic, prognostic, and outcome information. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session.
Palmtop computer‐assisted group therapy for social phobia
Authors: Przeworski Amy , Newman Michelle G. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis article describes the application of group computer‐assisted therapy for social phobia. The computer program includes a diary function for ongoing self‐monitoring of anxiety as well as guidance on the practice of relaxation, cognitive restructuring, and self‐control desensitization. Although the program was originally designed to treat individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), it was hypothesized that the program also would be effective for individuals with social phobia; therefore, it was implemented in a group of individuals with a primary diagnosis of GAD or social phobia. We present the case of a client with social phobia who received six sessions of group therapy and who carried the ambulatory computer throughout this treatment. Outcome data suggest that the treatment was highly effective for this client as well as others with a diagnosis of social phobia or GAD. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session.
Computer and Internet applications for psychological treatment: Update for clinicians
Authors: Tate Deborah F. , Zabinski Marion F. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractComputers and the Internet have the potential to be used to deliver psychological treatments. This article provides a selective review of applications involving little or no therapist contact, applications involving asynchronous and synchronous communication with providers, and applications that have been used as adjuncts to standard psychotherapy. Data on the efficacy of these applications most strongly support using the Internet to complete and submit behavioral assignments, to obtain social support from peers, and to receive education, feedback, and support from therapists in the form of e‐mail or chatroom communications. General practice recommendations are given with an emphasis on ways to encourage use of the Internet as an information and communication tool as an adjunct to regular psychotherapy. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session.
Nomothetic science and idiographic history in twentieth‐century Americanist anthropology
Authors: Lyman R. Lee , O'Brien Michael J. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractFor over a century, Americanist anthropologists have argued about whether their discipline is a historical one or a scientific one. Proponents of anthropology as history have claimed that the lineages of human cultures are made up of unique events that cannot be generalized into laws. If no laws can be drawn, then anthropology cannot be a science. Proponents of anthropology as science have claimed that there indeed are laws that govern humans and their behaviors and cultures, and these laws can be discovered. Interestingly, both sides have the same narrow view of what science is. The same sorts of debates over science and history were played out in evolutionary biology over a half‐century ago, and what emerged was the view that that discipline and its sister discipline, paleontology, were both history and science—hence the term “historical sciences.” Anthropology and its sister discipline, archaeology, have only recently begun to realize that they too are historical sciences. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Franz Boas, geographer, and the problem of disciplinary identity
Authors: Koelsch William A. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper examines Franz Boas as an aspiring professional geographer during the 1880s: his Baffin Land
research, his publications, his participation in geography organizations, and his struggle to attain a
university appointment in geography. Frustrated by a seeming lack of opportunity for advancement in Germany,
Boas explored career opportunities as a geographer in America and launched a series of unsuccessful but
meaningful attempts to dominate the intellectual direction of American geography. Finally, the article reviews
the circumstances surrounding Boas's appointment as an anthropologist at Clark University in 1889. Through
examining Boas's own words and actions, the paper demonstrates that his professional identification with
geography was lengthier and stronger than earlier accounts have suggested. It also critiques the myth of a
Baffin Land “conversion” to anthropology, and delineates the circumstances of his shift from German
human geography to his Americanist recasting of anthropology after 1889. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From the lonely crowd to the cultural contradictions of capitalism and beyond: The shifting ground of liberal narratives
Authors: Galbo Joseph 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper investigates how key social issues related to American culture, social character, and politics are
addressed in the work of two of America's leading liberal sociologists, David Riesman and Daniel Bell. It
maps out the trajectory of Riesman's and Bell's early contributions to a critique of mass society in
post‐war America, as well as Bell's later formulation of “liberalism in crisis” and his
assessment of culture in The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism. This analysis pays
particular attention to the intellectual, biographical, and social settings that helped to shape the often
conflicting ideas of each thinker, and examines the discursive shifts within liberal thinking as it attempted to
explain and deal with perceived new social crises from the 1950s to the present. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.