bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of fetal arrhythmia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A single center experience
Authors: Samples Stefani , Patel Sheetal , Lee Simon , Gotteiner Nina , Patel Angira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Fetal arrhythmias are rare and carry significant morbidity and mortality without appropriate treatment. Initial reports exist of fetal arrhythmia in the setting of maternal COVID-19 infection. Our study sought to evaluate incidence of fetal arrhythmia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic at our institution.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study from a tertiary care fetal cardiac center utilized the institutional REDCap database to search fetal arrhythmia diagnostic codes. Medical records of mother-fetus dyads were reviewed and data was collected on diagnoses, gestational age, treatment regimen, and postnatal outcomes. Patients were divided into pre-COVID and peri-COVID segments.
Results: 8368 total pregnancies were evaluated during the 7.3 years of study period. 45 patients (0.5%) had a significant fetal arrhythmia and were included in this study: 19 (42%) in the pre-COVID-19 group and 26 (58%) in the peri-COVID-19 group. No patients had associated congenital heart disease. There was a notable increase in the incidence of fetal supraventricular tachycardia (1.82 per 1000 vs 2.65 per 1000 pregnancies) and complete heart block (1.04 per 1000 vs 1.77 per 1000 pregnancies) but no apparent change in other tachyarrhythmias during the COVID era. The proportion of antibody-mediated complete heart block increased from 50% to 87.5%. There was also an increase in the percentage of supraventricular tachycardia patients requiring postnatal treatment during COVID-19 (53.8% vs 62.5%).
Conclusions: Our experience shows an increased incidence of some fetal arrhythmia diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional multi-center studies will be necessary to fully evaluate the increased burden of fetal arrhythmias during the COVID-19 era as well as to elucidate etiology.
Novel nonlinear wave transitions and interactions for (2+1)-dimensional generalized fifth-order KdV equation
Authors: Li Yan , Yao Ruoxia , Lou Senyue 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The (2+1)-dimensional generalized fifth-order KdV (2GKdV) equation is revisited via combined physical and mathematical methods. By the Hirota perturbation expansion technique and via setting nonzero background wave on the multiple soliton solution of the 2GKdV equation, breather waves are constructed, for which some transformed wave conditions are considered that yield abundant novel nonlinear waves including the X/Y-Shaped (XS/YS), asymmetric M-Shaped (MS), W-Shaped (WS), Space-Curved (SC) and Oscillation M-Shaped (OMS) solitons etc. Furthermore, distinct nonlinear wave molecules and interactional structures involving the asymmetric MS, WS, XS/YS, SC solitons, and breathers, lumps are constructed after considering the corresponding existence conditions. The dynamical properties of the obtained nonlinear molecular waves and interactional structures are revealed via analyzing the trajectory equations along with the change of the phase shifts.
Regenerative potential of Platelet - derived growth factor in Nicotine - induced Intervertebral disc degenerative model – In vivo study
Authors: Zheng Daqiang , Wu Zhiming , Guan Xiaoming , Zhang Yannan , Feng Haoyu , Chang Jianjun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective: Tobacco smoking has been associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD) resulting in prolonged constriction of the vascular network around the disc and cellular apoptosis, leading to IVDD. In recent years platelet derived growth factor has been commonly used orthopaedic related regenerative therapy. Thus,current study explores the possibility of exploiting platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), a growth factor secreted by platelets, as a therapeutic agent against the IVD degeneration.
Methods: BALB/c mice were exposed to nicotine at higher concentrations to induce IVD degeneration. Three different concentrations of PDGF (1 ng/mL, 2 ng/mL, 3ng/mL) were used in the study. Oxidative stress parameters were assessed through Lipid peroxidation (LPO), Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Nitric oxide (NO). Histopathology was done for assessing the extent of degeneration by Haematoxylin and Eosin staining. Collagen II, mucin, and calcium deposition was analysed by, immunohistochemistry, Alcian blue and Alizarin red staining respectively. Gene expression studies were carried out by quantitative real-time Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for Aggrecan, Collagen I alpha and Sox9 gene.
Results: IVD degeneration was prominent and PDGF treatment restored the tissue as evidenced by H&E staining. Oxidative stress was induced by the nicotine treatment and all the biomarkers of oxidative stress were restored back to normal by PDGF in a dose dependent manner. IVD anabolic gene (Aggrecan, Collagen I alpha and Sox9) was observed to be normalized by exposing to PDGF though RT-PCR. Mucin, calcium contents and collagen II were also restored to normal by PDGF treatment.
Conclusion: In conclusion, current work strongly supports that PDGF could be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of IVD degeneration by modulating oxidative stress markers and upregulating Col II, Aggrecan, Collagen I alpha and SOX9 for chondrogenesis.
Effect of residual volume after surgery of the discoid lateral meniscus on tibiofemoral joint biomechanics: a finite element analysis
Authors: Shen Xin , Lu Meifeng , Liu Muzi , Xie Ronghui , Gong Shiguo , Yang Chunjing , Sun Guicai 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The residual volume of the discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) after surgery can vary due to various factors, and the impact of residual volume on the biomechanics of the tibiofemoral joint has been scarcely studied. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the biomechanics of the tibiofemoral joint caused by varying volumes of residual meniscus using finite element analysis.
Methods
A knee joint model was established based on CT and MRI imaging data. The DLM model was divided into five regions according to conventional meniscectomy, with volumes of 15%, 15%, 15%, 15%, 15%, and 40% for each region. Additionally, the DLM model was divided into anterior and posterior parts to obtain ten regions. The DLM was resected according to the design scheme, and together with the intact discoid meniscus, a total of 15 models were obtained. Finite element analysis was conducted to assess shear and pressure trends on the knee joint.
Results
The decrease in meniscus volume from 100–40% resulted in a gradual increase in peak compressive and shear stresses in the lateral femoral cartilage and lateral meniscus, with a significant increase at 40%. Moreover, when considering the differences in anterior and posterior volumes, meniscus models with greater preservation of the anterior volume exhibited better biomechanical advantages.
Conclusion
Finite element analysis suggests that preserving 85–55% of the meniscus volume should be attempted during DLM surgery. Additionally, preserving the anterior volume of the DLM is crucial for achieving better biomechanical outcomes in the knee.
The Prognostic Impact of Diabetes Status and Postoperative Murray law‐based Quantitative Flow Ratio Value in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Guo Wenqin , Chen Jing , Zhong Tingting , Yan Shaodi , Lu Zixiao , Luo Ying , Zhang Xue , Hu Wei , Li Huaqiu , Zeng Fanfang , Zhang Jiebo , Zuo Huihua , Peng Changnong , Yan Hongbing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have a higher incidence of microcirculatory disturbance, which may affect the accuracy of Murray law-based quantitative flow ratio (µQFR) values. Whether diabetic status affects the relationship between postoperative µQFR values and prognosis in patients with AMI remains unclear.
Methods
This was a retrospective analysis. Patients with AMI who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included and divided into two groups based on the cut-off value for post-PCI µQFR. The primary endpoint was vessel-oriented composite events (VOCE), defined as the composite of vessel-related cardiovascular death, vessel-related MI, and target vessel revascularization (TVR).
Results
A total of 649 patients with AMI and 937 coronary arteries were included. The optimal µQFR cut-off value was 0.89. Compared to lower postoperative µQFR values (µQFR < 0.89), higher postoperative µQFR values (µQFR ≥ 0.89) were associated with reduced VOCE incidence (HR = 0.54; 95%CI: 0.37–0.78, P < 0.001), regardless of diabetic status (HR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.31–0.92, P = 0.023 in DM; HR = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.33–0.93, P = 0.026 in non-DM; interaction P value = 0.936). Additionally, higher postoperative QFR values (µQFR ≥ 0.89) were associated with significantly lower rates of cardiac death and TVR, but not MI, compared to lower postoperative µQFR values (µQFR < 0.89). These findings were consistent in diabetic and nondiabetic patients.
Conclusion
Regardless of diabetes status, postoperative µQFR measurement was related to VOCE incidence in AMI, with lower postoperative µQFR values indicating a poorer prognosis.
The Effect of Dietary Organic Copper and Zinc Trace Minerals on Some Yield and Mineral Levels and Histological Structure of Testes
Authors: EREN Vadullah , GÜLEŞ Özay , GÖKDAL Özdal , EREN Ülker , AYPAK Serap ÜNÜBOL 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study, organic copper and zinc minerals, which were reduced by 25% of the inorganic copper (Cu) and inorganic zinc (Zn) levels recommended for sheep, were determined by the lambs live weight, scrotum length, scrotum circumference, testis length, testicular diameter, the effects on serum, fleece, and stool mineral levels, semen delivery age, and the histological structure of testis were investigated. Depending on their nutrition with organic or inorganic minerals, male lambs born from sheep were divided into two groups, one organic and the other inorganic given a ration containing copper and zinc minerals. 5.25 mg/kg DM copper-chelate (2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyrate) and 15.0 mg/kg DM zinc-chelate were given to the experimental group, and 7 mg/kg DM copper-sulfate and 20 mg/kg DM zinc-sulfate were given to the control group. At the end of the experiment, it was determined that the difference between the live weight, scrotum length and circumference, testicular length and diameter, and the mean age of sperm delivery with 50% motility were not statistically significant. It was determined that the mean values of serum copper, serum zinc, and fleece zinc were numerically higher in the experimental group, and the average fleece copper value was significantly higher in the experimental group. At the end of the experiment, the mean fecal copper level and the mean fecal zinc level were found to be significantly lower in the experimental group. Moreover, it was determined that the height of the tubular epithelium was higher in the experimental group. Although organic copper and organic zinc were given at lower levels, it was determined that they showed similar results with inorganic copper and inorganic zinc and even better in terms of some parameters.
On the Splitting Property of Rings with Restricted Class of Injectivity Domains
Authors: Saraç Bülent 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There has been a growing research interest in exploring rings whose modules are either injective or far from being injective to a specified degree. As is commonly observed in each of such scenarios, rings can be broken as a direct sum, where one of the two components is a semisimple Artinian ring and the other is an indecomposable ring having zero or (essential) homogeneous right socle. Although this phenomenon has become increasingly expected and less surprising with every new study, proving it has never become easier, and in most cases, it has been obtained as a result of considerable efforts. This work aims to bring such studies to a common denominator and tries to explain why this phenomenon occurs each time we deal with the same type of problem.
Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 16D50; Secondary 16S90, 16N60
Nomogram of myelosuppression and survival prognosis in patients with brain metastases from non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma by intrathecal injection of pemetrexed via the Ommaya Reservoir
Authors: Luo Junhao , Shen Yue , Li Bin , Li Xiangping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective: Pemetrexed via Ommaya Reservoir as a new treatment of brain metastases from non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma has been reported in clinical cases. However, there are no studies of the efficacy of pemetrexed via Ommaya Reservoir in patients from the real world. The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy and safety of patients from the real world using pemetrexed via Ommaya Reservoir.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of 174 patients with non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma (NSCLA) receiving different treatment of pemetrexed. Nomograms were created based on the independent factors and they were evaluated using consistency index (C-index), AUC, calibration curve and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) curve.
Results: The patients with NSCLA in this study were treated with 4 different treatment regimens using pemetrexed chemotherapy (n=23), intrathecal pemetrexed via Ommaya Reservoir (n=38), co-immunisation (n=65), and co-targeting (n=48). Median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 4.1 months, 8.0 months, 8.0 months and 5.6 months, respectively. Bone metastases (OR=3.011, 95%CI 1.408~6.441), reduced pre-treatment leukocyte (OR=13.036 95%CI5.569~30.517) and Platelet/lymphocyte (PLR) (OR=2.664, 95%CI 1.203~5.903) were associated with the development of myelosuppression; BMI (P=0.008), smoking index >400 (P<0.001), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) ≥2 (P=0.001), treatment (P=0.001) and systemic immunoinflammatory index (SII) (P<0.001) were associated with PFS. The C-index for the 2 nomograms were 0.845 (95% CI 0.789-0.901) and 0.811 (95% CI0.768-0.854), respectively.
Conclusions: Pemetrexed via Ommaya Reservoir is a novel treatment option with good clinical benefit for patients with brain metastases from NSCLA.
Optimal fissioning strategies of social insects in dependence of colony dynamics and nest founding probability
Authors: Hovestadt Thomas , Kohl Patrick , Mitesser Oliver 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Social insects demonstrate two fundamentally different modes of reproduction, independent colony foundation (ICF) by single fertilized queens or dependent colony foundation (DCF) by fissioning of existing colonies into an 'old' colony and one or several new colonies (swarms); at least in some species both modes can occur in parallel. The benefits and disadvantages of DCF vs. ICF have been widely discussed and been subject to empirical studies but a formal theoretical treatment of the topic is still lacking. Here we provide a model of colony dynamics to analyze the ecological conditions under which DCF may be favored over ICF. Using numerical methods, we show that it critically depends on the survivorship function linking swarm size to the probability of swarm establishment whether ICF or DCF results in a higher output of \textit{surviving} new colonies (swarming rate). Due to the fundamentally rate reducing effect of emitting larger swarms, DCF can only be a better strategy if the survivorship function of swarms is sufficiently steep. Colony growth rate should have no effect on this decision and the impact of maximum colony size should at best be moderate. Further, a discontinuity in the optimal swarm size occurs in the parameter space: either a swarm size of 1 (ICF) is the best strategy or emitting swarms of considerable size (DCF). A direct evolutionary transition from ICF to DCF appears thus unlikely and may have been triggered by other selective pressures promoting movement of complete nests or distributing single colonies over several nests (polydomy)
Underreporting of Non-Study Cigarette Use by Study Participants Confounds the Interpretation of Results from Ambulatory Clinical Trial of Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes
Authors: Zhang Mingda , Wang Jingzhu , Edmiston Jeffery 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: As part of its comprehensive plan to significantly reduce the harm from tobacco products, the US Food and Drug Administration is in the process of establishing a product standard to lower nicotine in conventional cigarettes to make them “minimally addictive or non-addictive”. Many clinical studies have switched participants who smoke to reduced nicotine cigarettes to investigate the impact on smoking behavior and exposure to cigarette constituents; these ambulatory studies required participants to switch to reduced nicotine study cigarettes. In contrast to clinical trials on pharmaceuticals or medical devices, participants had ready access to non-study conventional nicotine cigarettes and high rates of non-study cigarette use have been consistently reported. The magnitude of noncompliance was not adequately assessed in these trials, which could further hinder an accurate assessment of the potential impact of such a standard.
Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a large, randomized trial of reduced nicotine cigarettes to estimate the magnitude of noncompliance, i.e., the average number of non-study cigarettes smoked per day by study participants assigned to reduced nicotine cigarettes. Individual participant’s non-study cigarette use was estimated based on his/her urinary total nicotine equivalents level, the nicotine content of the study cigarette assigned, and the self-reported number of cigarettes smoked, using a previously published method.
Results: Our analysis showed that (1) there is large variation in the number of non-study cigarettes smoked by participants within each group (CV 90-232%); (2) participants in reduced nicotine cigarette groups under-reported their mean number of non-study cigarettes smoked per day by 85-91%; and (3) the biochemical-based estimates indicate no reduction in the mean number of total cigarettes smoked per day for any group assigned to reduced nicotine cigarettes after accounting for non-study cigarettes.
Conclusions: High levels of noncompliance, in both the rate and magnitude of non-study cigarette use, are common in ambulatory reduced nicotine cigarette trials where participants have access to conventional nicotine non-study cigarettes. The potential impact of high noncompliance on study outcomes should be considered when interpreting the results from such ambulatory studies.
Analysis on the propagation characteristics of a Generalized Hermite cosh-Gaussian beam through human upper dermis tissue
Authors: Saad Faroq , Benzehoua Halima , Belafhal Abdelmajid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle, the analytical formula for a Generalized Hermite cosh-Gaussian beam (GHchGB) propagating through human upper dermis tissue is derived in this paper. From the derived formula, numerical illustrative examples are performed to illustrate the propagation properties of the considered beam in human upper dermis tissue. Results show that the evolution of the intensity pattern of GHchGB depends strongly on the source beam parameters such as Gaussian beam waists, decentered cosh parameter, hollowness parameter, beam orders and wavelength. It is found that the GHchGB with a smaller parameter in the human upper dermis evolves into the Gaussian beam faster as the propagation distance increases. This observation suggests that the resistance of the GHchGB against turbulence increases as the source parameter increases. The significance of the obtained results has the potential application in the development of bio-optical disease detection and treatment technology.
A High Efficiency Broadband Gallium Nitride Power Amplifier with Harmonic Control technology
Authors: Lin Qian , Lu Cong , Wu Haifeng , Hu Dan-Hui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In order to meet the requirements of high efficiency and broadband for the wireless communication system, a high efficiency and broadband gallium nitride power amplifier is designed and verified. Using the step-matching structure, the bandwidth has been improved. Furthermore, the input matching network is constructed by connecting several microband lines serially to reduce the matching Q value. Meanwhile, the harmonic control network is designed as the output matching network, which is built by a quarter-wave (λ/4) line open circuit and short circuit microwave lines in parallel. Thus, its drain efficiency can be improved. This design is simulated and tested at 2.2-3 GHz. After measuring, it attains an output power of 39.5–41.5 dBm, Gain of 10.5–12.5 dB with drain efficiency of 65.1%-78.3% and power added efficiency of 64.8%-76.2%.
Stability after Maxillary Setback by Horseshoe Le Fort I Osteotomy in Skeletal Class II Cases
Authors: Maung Myo Maung , Hasebe Daichi , Kasahara Masaki , Zheng Zhuoyang , Takeuchi Ryoko , Sakuma Hidenobu , Saito Daisuke , Kobayashi Tadaharu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose: Le Fort I osteotomy combined with horseshoe osteotomy has been established as a technique for total maxilla setback. In this study, the stability of the jaw position was examined in five cases in which was performed total maxillary setback by Le Fort I osteotomy combined with horseshoe osteotomy.
Subjects and Methods: The stability of the maxilla was examined in five cases that had undergone total maxillary setback by horseshoe Le Fort I osteotomy (H- LF I) and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) including mandibular anterior subapical osteotomy (MASO) in one case. The changes in the position of the jawbone were analyzed with lateral cephalograms taken immediately before (T0), a few days after (T1), and one year after (T2) the surgery.
Results: Postoperative maxillary changes both horizontally and vertically were all less than 2 mm. Postoperative horizontal mandibular changes showed little skeletal relapse, but all postoperative vertical mandibular changes were within 2 mm.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that H-LF I osteotomy is a reliable, safe, and effective surgical procedure for postoperative skeletal stability of total maxillary setback in skeletal class II cases.