bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are health care professionals advising adults with arthritis to become more physically active?
Authors: Fontaine Kevin R. , Bartlett Susan J. , Heo Moonseong 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the proportion and characteristics of adults with self‐reported, doctor‐diagnosed arthritis who report ever having been advised by a health professional to become more physically active and to assess whether the advice was associated with recent physical activity.MethodsUsing population‐based data from the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, respondents were classified according to their arthritis status, whether or not they were ever advised by a health professional to increase their physical activity to help them better manage their arthritis, and whether they engaged in exercise or physical activity within the past month.ResultsOverall, 42% of respondents with arthritis reported ever being advised to increase their physical activity to help their arthritis. Respondents who were more likely to have ever received the advice were female, middle‐aged or older, African American, Hispanic, overweight or obese, sedentary or insufficiently physically active, and had higher levels of education. Persons who reported ever receiving the advice were less likely to report that they had exercised within the past month. A higher level of education was the only variable associated with recent exercise or physical activity among those advised to be more active.ConclusionLess than 50% of adults with arthritis report ever being advised by a health professional to become more physically active. Advice alone appears insufficient to promote increased physical activity in adults with arthritis.
Positron emission tomography (PET): Evaluation of chronic periaortitis
Authors: Salvarani Carlo , Pipitone Nicolò , Versari Annibale , Vaglio Augusto , Serafini Desiderio , Bajocchi Gianluigi , Salvo Diana , Buzio Carlo , Greco Paolo , Boiardi Luigi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the presence and extent of large‐vessel inflammation in patients with chronic periaortitis (CP) using 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET).MethodsA consecutive case series consisting of 7 patients with CP seen over a 3‐year period and a control group of 14 patients with malignancy were evaluated with FDG‐PET. For every case we selected 2 age‐ and sex‐matched controls who underwent PET imaging for malignancy. The diagnosis of CP was made by means of computed tomography. PET imaging was performed at diagnosis before therapy was started. Measurement of vascular uptake was graded using a 4‐point semiquantitative scale.ResultsAll patients had evidence of grade 2+ or 3+ vascular uptake in the abdominal aorta and/or iliac artery. No controls showed vascular uptake greater than 1+. Vascular uptake in the thoracic aorta and/or in its branches was seen in 3 (43%) of 7 patients. Vascular uptake in abdominal aorta and/or iliac artery was observed in patients with CP but not in controls (100% versus 0%). There was also a significantly more frequent FDG uptake in the large thoracic arteries in case‐patients compared with controls (43% versus 0%; P = 0.03).ConclusionFDG‐PET scan shows in patients with CP the presence of a large‐vessel vasculitis involving abdominal aorta and common iliac arteries, which in some patients is also extended to thoracic aorta and/or its branches.
Relationship of pain‐coping strategies and pain‐specific beliefs to pain experience in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Thastum Mikael , Herlin Troels , Zachariae Robert 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether pain‐specific beliefs and coping strategies of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) independently predict their reported pain, while controlling for relevant demographic variables, disease activity, and parent‐rated disability. To compare use of pain‐coping strategies and pain‐related beliefs of a selected subgroup of patients with high pain and low disease activity (high pain group) with the remaining patients.MethodsChildren with JIA (n = 56) completed the Pain Coping Questionnaire, a revised version of the Survey of Pain Attitudes, and a 3‐week pain diary. The parents completed the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ). Second order principal component analyses were conducted in order to reduce the number of independent variables. Regression analyses of the dependent measure were performed. The use of coping strategies and health beliefs were compared using t‐tests for independent samples. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the direct associations between each individual coping and belief scale, and the pain measure.ResultsOnly the CHAQ and the cognitive belief composite factor score made statistically significant contribution to the prediction of pain after controlling for other variables. Significant differences were found between the scores of high pain patients and the rest of the group for the health belief subscale of disability (mean ± SD 2.0 ± 0.6 and 1.2 ± 0.7, respectively), and for the health belief subscale of harm (mean ± SD 2.7 ± 0.6 and 1.8 ± 0.7, respectively). Significant correlations were obtained between the pain measure and the pain‐coping subscale of catastrophizing, the pain belief subscales of disability, harm, solicitude (inverse), control, and medical cure.ConclusionThese results support a model of pain experience in patients with JIA where psychological factors are strongly influential. It may be efficient to focus behavioral interventions on a subgroup of children where the pain experience seems to be in discordance with the disease activity.
The health assessment questionnaire disability index and scleroderma health assessment questionnaire in scleroderma trials: An evaluation of their measurement properties
Authors: Johnson Sindhu R. , Hawker Gillian A. , Davis Aileen M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the measurement properties of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability index (DI) for group comparisons in scleroderma trials, and to determine if the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ) visual analog scales confer any measurement advantage over the HAQ DI.MethodsA computer search for articles describing the use of the HAQ DI and SHAQ in scleroderma was performed. Evidence supporting the sensibility, reliability, validity, and responsiveness of these measures was evaluated.ResultsThe SHAQ has incremental face and content validity over the HAQ DI because it addresses scleroderma‐specific manifestations that also contribute to disability. The HAQ DI has good concurrent validity, construct validity, and predictive validity. Whether SHAQ confers incremental construct, concurrent, or predictive validity over the HAQ DI is uncertain. The HAQ DI appears more reliable than the SHAQ; however, reliability studies provide insufficient data to ascertain if minimum standards have been achieved. Responsiveness of the HAQ DI subscales has been demonstrated.ConclusionThe SHAQ has incremental face and content validity over the HAQ DI. The HAQ DI has greater reliability and demonstrated construct, concurrent, and predictive validity. Further investigation into the measurement properties of the HAQ DI and SHAQ visual analog scales, and their relation to the required standards of measurement is needed.
Comprehensive assessment of clinical outcome and quality of life after resection interposition arthroplasty of the thumb saddle joint
Authors: Angst Felix , John Michael , Goldhahn Jörg , Herren Daniel B. , Pap Géza , Aeschlimann André , Schwyzer Hans‐Kaspar , Simmen Beat R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the biometric and psychometric properties of clinical, generic, and condition‐specific instruments and to assess quantitatively the outcome after resection interposition arthroplasty (RIAP) of the thumb saddle joint.MethodsOne hundred three patients requiring 112 arthroplasties were assessed in a 4.5–7.7‐year cross‐sectional catamnesis by means of 4 widely used questionnaires and clinical and radiographic examinations.ResultsIn all dimensions of the Short Form 36 (SF‐36), the outcome was equal or significantly better than expected by the norm. The Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH) revealed some small, mainly functional limitations (mean score 78.4, norm 86.4). The SF‐36, the DASH, and the Patient Related Wrist Evaluation form (PRWE) correlated highly and loaded on the same factor. The Hand Function Index was independent of the clinical measurements (range of motion, strength, etc. on the specially designed Custom Form) and of the self rating.ConclusionLong‐term followup of 112 RIAP patients showed excellent health and quality of life. A questionnaire set consisting of the SF‐36, the DASH (or alternatively the short PRWE), and the Custom Form is proposed for the comprehensive and specific assessment of thumb joint conditions.
Critical appraisal of femorofemoral crossover grafts
Authors: Pursell R , Sideso E , Magee T R , Galland R B 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to determine how often femorofemoral crossover grafting for critical ischaemia or intermittent claudication gives an ideal result. An ideal result is an uncomplicated operation with primary wound healing, relief of ischaemic symptoms without recurrence and no need for further intervention.

Methods
All patients undergoing primary femorofemoral crossover grafting between January 1988 and December 2003 were studied.

Results
Some 144 operations were analysed; 51 patients had critical ischaemia and 93 claudication. There was one postoperative death (0·7 per cent). Complications occurred within 30 days in 32 patients (22·2 per cent), including graft occlusion in three (2·1 per cent); six patients (4·2 per cent) required early reoperation. Primary patency for patients with critical ischaemia was 88, 82 and 74 per cent at 1, 3 and 5 years respectively. Respective figures for those who presented with claudication were 93, 92 and 90 per cent (P = 0·034). Late symptoms included graft occlusion (20 patients), disease progression (25), ongoing ulceration (six), graft infection (nine), false aneurysm formation (two) and late donor-site stenosis (two).

Conclusion
When obtaining informed consent, simply describing patency and limb salvage rates does not provide an accurate picture of the outcome of femorofemoral grafting.
Prediction of non-sentinel lymph node status in breast cancer with a micrometastatic sentinel node
Authors: Schrenk P , Konstantiniuk P , Wölfl S , Bogner S , Haid A , Nemes C , Jagoutz-Herzlinger M , Redtenbacher S 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackgroundAxillary lymph node dissection (ALND) may not be necessary in women with breast cancer who have micrometastasis in a sentinel node (SN), owing to the low risk of non-SN (NSN) involvement. The aim of this study was to identify a subgroup of women with a micrometastatic SN and a negligible risk of positive NSNs in whom ALND may be avoided.MethodsSome 237 of 241 women with a macrometastatic SN and 122 of 138 with a micrometastatic SN underwent completion ALND and were compared with respect to NSN involvement. The 122 patients with SN micrometastasis were further analysed to determine factors that could predict the risk of positive NSNs.ResultsA total of 121 (51·1 per cent) of 237 women with SN macrometastasis had positive NSNs compared with 22 (18·0 per cent) of 122 with SN micrometastasis (P &lt; 0·001). Multivariate analysis showed that size of SN micrometastasis (odds ratio 3·49 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1·32 to 9·23); P = 0·012) and presence of lymphovascular invasion (odds ratio 0·23 (95 per cent c.i. 0·05 to 1·00); P = 0·050) were significantly associated with positive NSNs. SN micrometastasis less than 0·5 mm in diameter combined with absence of lymphovascular invasion was associated with an 8·5 per cent risk of NSN involvement.ConclusionSize of micrometastasis and presence of lymphovascular invasion were significantly related to the risk of finding additional positive axillary lymph nodes when the SN contained only micrometastasis.
Assessing the technical skills of surgical trainees
Authors: Beard J D , Jolly B C , Newble D I , Thomas W E G , Donnelly J , Southgate L J 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Background
The aims were to determine whether tests of technical skill on simple simulations can predict competence in the operating theatre and whether objective assessment in the operating theatre by direct observation and video recording is feasible and reliable.

Methods
Thirty-three general surgical trainees undertook five simple skill simulations (knotting, skin incision and suturing, tissue dissection, vessel ligation and small bowel anastomosis). The operative competence of each trainee was then assessed during two or three saphenofemoral disconnections (SFDs) by a single surgeon. Video recordings of the operations were also assessed by two surgeons.

Results
The inter-rater reliability between direct observation and blinded videotape assessment was high (α = 0·96 (95 per cent confidence interval 0·92 to 0·98)). Backward stepwise regression analysis revealed that the best predictors of operative competence were the number of SFDs performed previously plus the simulation scores for dissection and ligation, the key components of SFD (64 per cent of variance explained; P = 0·001).

Conclusion
Deconstruction of operations into their component parts enables trainees to practise on simple simulations representing each component, and be assessed as competent, before undertaking the actual operation. Assessment of surgical competence by direct observation and video recording is feasible and reliable; such assessments could be used for both formative and summative assessment.
Randomized clinical trial of routine preoperative duplex imaging before varicose vein surgery
Authors: Blomgren L , Johansson G , Bergqvist D 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackgroundDuplex imaging is used increasingly for preoperative evaluation of varicose veins, but its value in terms of the long-term results of surgery is not clear.MethodsPatients with primary varicose veins were randomized to operation with or without preoperative duplex imaging. Reoperation rates, clinical and duplex findings were compared at 2 months and 2 years after surgery.ResultsTwo hundred and ninety-three patients (343 legs) had varicose vein surgery after duplex imaging (group 1; 166 legs) or no imaging (group 2; 177 legs). In 44 legs (26·5 per cent), duplex examination suggested a different surgical procedure than had been considered on clinical grounds; the procedure was changed accordingly for 29 legs. At 2 months, incompetence was detected at the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction (or both) in 14 legs (8·8 per cent) in group 1 and in 44 legs (26·5 per cent) in group 2 (P &lt; 0·001). At 2 years, two legs (1·4 per cent) had undergone or were awaiting reoperation in group 1, and 14 legs (9·5 per cent) in group 2 (P = 0·002). In the remainder, major incompetence was found in 19 legs (15·0 per cent) in group 1 and in 53 (41·1 per cent) in group 2 (P &lt; 0·001).ConclusionRoutine preoperative duplex examination led to an improvement in results 2 years after surgery for patients with primary varicose veins.
Victim‐centric diversion? The electronic monitoring of domestic violence cases
Authors: Ibarra Peter R. , Erez Edna 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis article discusses the electronic monitoring of domestic violence cases as a form of diversion. The data derive from a two and a half year study of two “bilateral” electronic monitoring programs geared towards domestic violence offenders, mostly defendants, and their former or current intimate partners. Analysis consists of an examination of how the programs under study manifest the aims and tensions of diversion, and highlights how a victim‐centered approach to diversion can amplify the tensions of diversion. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From referral to disposition: case processing in seven mental health courts
Authors: Steadman Henry J. , Redlich Allison D. , Griffin Patricia , Petrila John , Monahan John 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe number of mental health courts in the United States is rapidly increasing, from one in 1997 to nearly 100 in 2004. However, to date there is comparatively little research regarding these specialty courts. The present study reports data on the referral and disposition decision‐making processes of seven mental health courts. Information on all referrals to the seven courts over a three‐month period was gathered. Results show that, in comparison with individuals involved in the criminal justice system, mental health court clients are more likely to be older, White, and women than individuals in the general criminal justice system. Furthermore, this over‐representation occurs at the point of referral, rather than at the point of the court's decision to accept or reject a referral. In addition, the length of time from referral to diversion is much longer in these mental health courts than in other types of diversion programs. Implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accuracy of self‐reported arrests among a forensic SPMI population
Authors: Crisanti Annette S. , Laygo Ranilo , Claypoole Keith H. , Junginger John 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSelf‐reports are prone to response error even in the most structured and standardized environment, but the highly stigmatizing nature of illegal behavior and the possible cognitive problems inherent to the SPMI population increase the likelihood of such error. Using administrative data as the gold standard, the validity of self‐reported arrests was examined among 85 mentally ill substance‐abusing individuals with justice involvement. The overall accuracy of self‐reported arrests during a three‐month recall period was 84.7%. Validity was higher among individuals who at the time of the follow‐up interview were either in a jail diversion program or incarcerated. Individuals with a mood disorder appeared to be somewhat less accurate in their self‐reports than subjects with schizophrenia, despite the implication of cognitive distortion accompanying this latter diagnostic category. Further research on issues such as the accuracy of self‐reports over longer recall periods, or the accuracy of self‐reported frequency of arrest, is necessary, given the reliance on self‐report methodology in outcome studies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating the efficiency and community safety goals of the Broward County Mental Health Court
Authors: Christy Annette , Poythress Norman G. , Boothroyd Roger A. , Petrila John , Mehra Shabnam 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMental health courts have developed as one response to persons with mental illness who are involved with the criminal justice system. This study investigated the efficiency and safety goals of one such court in Broward County, FL. Mental health court (MHC) clients spent significantly fewer days in jail for the index arrest associated with study enrollment than a comparison group. MHC clients had similar survival time to re‐arrest up to one year after study enrollment. MHC clients did not significantly differ from the comparison group in self‐reported aggressive acts over an 8 month follow‐up period, while they did self‐report significantly fewer acts of violence than the comparison group at the 8 month follow‐up. These findings suggest that some of the benefits associated with the MHC reported in prior studies were not achieved at the expense of efficiency and safety. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating the criminal justice system into mental health service delivery: the worcester diversion experience
Authors: Grudzinskas Albert J. , Clayfield Jonathan C. , Roy‐Bujnowski Kristen , Fisher William H. , Richardson Maurice H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe substantial number of persons with mental illness encountered in many sectors of the criminal justice system has spurred actors from various agencies within that system to take actions aimed at reducing the growth of this population. These actions have included the development of specialty police units, jail diversion programs, and other mechanisms for channeling persons with mental illness out of the criminal justice system and into mental health treatment. The courts, too, have become involved in this effort with the recent development of the “mental health court,” the latest of the “specialty” or “problem solving courts.” These courts have not been without their critics, however, nor are they the only feasible approach to court‐based diversion. This paper identifies and explores a range of options for structuring the relationship between criminal courts and local mental health systems. Beginning with a discussion of the rationale motivating the development of mental health courts, two alternatives to this specialty court model are discussed. One involves judges dealing with defendants having mental illness and substance abuse on a case‐by‐case basis. The other takes advantages of linkages that may already exist between most courts and the mental health providers who conduct their forensic assessments, expanding the role of these providers to serve as boundary spanners between courts and the components of local mental health systems. Regardless of the model adopted, however, appropriate linkages must exist between the courts and relevant providers. A case study is provided that demonstrates how the status of a locale's linkages can be evaluated and how the information derived from such evaluation can be used to improve the linkages between police, courts, and health and human services agencies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of competency to stand trial in mental health courts
Authors: Stafford Kathleen P. , Wygant Dustin B. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractConcerns have been raised in the literature about the competency to stand trial and competency to make treatment decisions of defendants referred to mental health courts. However, there is little information reported about the evaluation and prevalence of incompetence, characteristics of incompetent mental health court defendants, and disposition of mentally ill defendants too disturbed to be diverted from the criminal justice system through mental health courts. This study reports on the 85 potential mental health court defendants referred for trial competency evaluations during the first three years of operation of the Akron Ohio Mental Health Court. Of the 80 defendants who could be located for evaluation, 77.5% were found incompetent, and 53% of the incompetent defendants were not restored to competence even after an average of 49 days of treatment in a state psychiatric hospital. The implications of these findings in terms of the diversion potential of mental health courts for the severely mentally ill are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization of Allenenes: Direct Construction of Tricyclic Heterocycles through Aromatic CH Activation
Authors: Ohno Hiroaki , Miyamura Kumiko , Mizutani Tsuyoshi , Kadoh Yoichi , Takeoka Yusuke , Hamaguchi Hisao , Tanaka Tetsuaki 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPalladium(0)‐catalyzed tandem cyclization of allenenes is described. Treatment of allenenes with an aryl halide, potassium carbonate, and catalytic [Pd(PPh3)4] in dioxane afforded tri‐ or tetracyclic heterocycles in moderate to good yields through insertion of arylpalladium(II) halide into the allenic moiety, intramolecular carbopalladation, and aromatic CH bond activation. The substituent on the olefin terminus has proven to be essential for the success of the tandem cyclization. The reaction with heterocyclic aryl halides such as iodopyrazine or 4‐bromo‐1‐methylindole afforded tri‐ or tetracyclic heteroaromatic products in good yields.