bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the dynamics of power: a Foucauldian analysis of care planning in learning disabilities services
Authors: Gilbert Tony 
Published: March 2003

Exploring the dynamics of power: A Foucauldian analysis of care planning in learning disabilities services This paper draws upon a study completed in 2000 that focused upon health and welfare provision for people with learning disabilities in one English county. This study drew upon the theoretical insights of Michel Foucault to provide an analysis of the micro politics of care planning. This involved the analysis of text from two sources: the academic literature and interview material gained from a number of professionals working in health and welfare services for people with learning disabilities. Drawing upon this research material, the first part of this paper briefly explores the relationship between policy, professional practice and the people who are the subjects of that practice. The discussion then moves on to consider Foucault's five methodological precautions and the way power produces a localised web of activity that identifies specific targets for management. In this process power draws into the web a range of informal and formal practices that initially lie outside of the web. The discourse produced through the activity surrounding care planning provides the evidence of this flow of power. This discourse then takes on the status of science (truth), which reproduces this activity.
Nurses’ bodywork: is there a body of work?
Authors: Shakespeare Pam 
Published: March 2003

Nurses’ bodywork: is there a body of work? The work that many nurses do involves the use of their own body as one of the tools of their occupation. Being a nurse, in many cases, means controlled, purposeful use of her or his own body oriented to the patient. This paper discusses some of the ways in which nurses’ bodies and the work that those bodies do are represented in professional and academic research accounts and made relevant in literature. Using instances of bodies and bodily activity mentioned in a variety of literature, the paper discusses three categories of accounts of nursing bodywork: those which are problematised and where the nurse's body is seen as a topic for investigation, and those which are unproblematised either explicitly discussing bodily activity (for example, touch) or implicitly dealing with bodywork (for example, taking blood pressure). Four ways in which nurses’ bodies are made relevant in accounts are proposed: relational, corporate, instrumental and human.The paper discusses the prominence (or not) nurses’ bodies are given in professional and academic accounts, as a contribution to preliminary work of generating a topic for investigation and concludes with some suggestions as to how this investigative project might be taken forward, focusing primarily on an examination of methodic practices, or how bodywork is brought off and executed as a skilled but taken‐for‐granted activity.
Clerical frames for nursing practice: missionary nurses at Rehoboth*
Authors: Lagerwey Mary D. 
Published: March 2003

Clerical frames for nursing practice: missionary nurses at Rehoboth This paper presents a discourse analysis of publications of the Christian Reformed Church regarding its Rehoboth Mission near Gallup, New Mexico, among the Navajo. All issues of The Banner, Acts of Synod of the Christian Reformed Church, the Rehoboth Hospital Bulletin, and the Annual Report of the Rehoboth Mission from 1880 to the present were reviewed for references to health‐care at Rehoboth from 1903 to 1943. Four religiously framed discourses were identified: discourses justifying provision of health‐care at the mission, discourses of the Navajos as immature and potentially dangerous, needing to be civilized, discourses of cleanliness, and discourses of calling. This paper adds to a growing body of knowledge about religious frames within which nurses have practiced in North America.
Neuropsychological measures in women with obsessive–compulsive disorder and trichotillomania
Authors: Coetzer Rudi , Stein Dan J 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWomen with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), trichotillomania (TTM) and normal controls completed a neuropsychological battery which was designed to test executive and visuospatial dysfunctions. Differences between the combined patient group and normal controls on the Rey–Osterreith Copy Test were consistent with previous work demonstrating similar neuropsychological dysfunctions in OCD and TTM.
The Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale in bipolar II and unipolar out‐patients: A 405‐patient case study
Authors: Benazzi Franco 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to find if the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) can identify symptom differences between bipolar II and unipolar depression. Four hundred and five consecutive bipolar II and unipolar depressed out‐patients were interviewed with the Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History structured interview, following DSM‐IV criteria, the MADRS, and the Global Assessment of Functioning scale. The Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale items were not significantly different between bipolar II and unipolar patients. Comparisons among atypical and non‐atypical bipolar II and unipolar patients showed that only MADRS items of ‘reduced sleep’ and ‘reduced appetite’ were significantly different between atypical and non‐atypical patients.
Application of telepsychiatry: A preliminary study
Authors: Matsuura Shinsuke , Hosaka Takashi , Yukiyama Takeshi , Ogushi Yoichi , Okada Yoshikazu , Haruki Yasuo , Nakamura Masahiko 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTelemedicine is the provision of professional medical services from sites removed from the patient. This study was conducted in order to assess the reliability of psychiatric evaluations via video‐consultation. The inter‐rater reliability was determined for each interviewing condition by employing the reliability‐testing paradigm in which the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) and the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) are used. The inter‐rater reliability scores between face‐to‐face interviews and interviews conducted by video at two different levels of image qualities were compared by the authors. Reliability was found to be in perfect agreement in each of the interviewing conditions. This study verifies that telepsychiatry is a reliable method of assessing patient conditions. It may be used to provide much needed mental health‐care services to patients whose access to them is restricted.
A short daytime nap modulates levels of emotions objectively evaluated by the emotion spectrum analysis method
Authors: Luo Zili , Inoué Shojiro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA novel objective technique, the emotion spectrum analysis method, was first applied to investigate emotional fluctuations before, during and after a daytime nap in eight healthy young adults (four males and four females). The subjects were allowed to freely nap between 13.00 and 14.00 h, in which stages 1 and 2 non‐rapid eye movement sleep occurred on average for 5.9 and 20.8 min, respectively. Emotional components such as anger, joy, relaxation and sadness were numerically estimated on the basis of spatio‐temporal behavior of 21‐channel electroencephalogram and analyzed statistically. In comparison with the prenap waking level, the magnitudes of the anger, joy and relaxation components remained stably unchanged during the nap but elevated significantly during the postnap waking period. The sadness component exhibited little significant change throughout the observation period. From the results, we suggest that a short daytime nap modulates the emotions to improve the postnap mental states.
Effects of aniracetam on impaired sleep patterns in stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Kimura Mayumi , Okano Shukan , InouÉ Shojiro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of sleep disturbances and the effects on sleep of aniracetam, a cognitive enhancer, in stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Compared with normotensive control rats, SHRSP exhibited an impaired sleep pattern characterized by suppressed diurnal rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and excessive nocturnal non‐REM sleep. At a dose of 30 mg/kg per day p.o., aniracetam increased REM sleep in the light period after administration for 5 consecutive days. Consequently, suppressed REM sleep in SHRSP was restored by repeated treatment with aniracetam. Aniracetam could be useful in improving REM sleep impairment associated with vascular dementia.
Changes in subjective sleepiness, subjective fatigue and nocturnal sleep after anaesthesia with propofol
Authors: Ozone Motohiro , Itoh Hiroshi , Yamadera Wataru , Ohbuchi Keita , Hayashida Kenichi , Sasaki Mitsuo , Ushijima Sadanobu , Toriumi Kazuhiro , Takinami Masanori , Tanifuji Yasuhasa 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to clarify the changes in psycho‐physiological functions after anaesthesia with propofol (PF). The subjects were seven healthy male volunteers and the duration of the anaesthesia was 1 h (14:00–15:00 h). The plasma concentration of PF immediately decreased after the anaesthesia. The subjective sleepiness and VAS (visual liner analogue scale) scores (i.e. effort to do something) increased significantly at 20 min after the anaesthesia. However, these changes were improved at 80 min after the anaesthesia. The sleep latency at the nocturnal sleep 8 h after the anaesthesia was prolonged significantly, but the other parameters including the distributions of stage 3 + 4 and the rapid eye movement ‘REM’ stage were not changed.
Influence of alcohol on respiratory disturbance during sleep
Authors: Tsutsumi Wakako , Miyazaki Soichiro , Itasaka Yoshiaki , Togawa Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOxygen saturation was measured in 37 patients with sleep‐related breathing disorders over 2 nights: after alcohol intake and under control conditions. Both the number of 3% oxygen desaturation per hour (ODI3) and the lowest saturation (LSAT) were significantly aggravated after alcohol ingestion. Oxygen saturation was degraded in 28 cases after alcohol intake. In 69% of the cases in which ODI3 increased after alcohol ingestion, the aggravation during the alcohol metabolism time was noted. No correlation was found between the quantity of alcohol and oxygen desaturation following alcohol ingestion. Our study revealed that alcohol aggravates sleep‐related breathing disorders.
A new method to analyze basic rest–activity cycle
Authors: Shono Mayumi , Shono Hideaki , Takasaki Mitsuhiro , Ito Yuji , Muro Masami , Iwasaka Tsuyoshi , Sugimori Hajime 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA new method was proposed to analyze a basic rest–activity cycle (BRAC), termed BRAC‐A. This method calculates a significant cycle length by chi‐squared method and the starting points of a resting phase and an active one by analysis of the array consisting of the segmented time series in the same length. Using 20 3‐day computer‐simulated time series of standard deviation in fetal heart rate fluctuation with known periodicity of the BRAC, we demonstrated that the BRAC‐A was a useful tool to reveal the characteristics of the BRAC.
A trial study of RhinoSleep for the diagnosis of sleep apnea
Authors: Miyazaki Soichiro , Tanaka Toshihiko , Itasaka Yoshiaki , Ishikawa Kazuo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRhinoSleep was developed to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The RhinoSleep consists of a soft catheter, a measuring probe, and a computer. The soft catheter is inserted through the naris into the esophagus. The catheter is connected to the measuring probe, which creates and sends a continuous noise signal into the catheter. When the catheter is compressed during an obstruction, the sound reflections change, making it possible to identify both the level and the duration of the obstruction. Sixteen OSA patients were examined using RhinoSleep and daytime polysomnography simultaneously. With RhinoSleep, we successfully examined 13 cases. This trial study identified problems with RhinoSleep, such as vomiting of the catheter, hardware instability, and the criteria decision for the analysis of OSA.
Myoepithelioma of the lacrimal gland: Report of a case with potentially malignant transformation
Authors: Okudela Koji , Ito Takaaki , Iida Man‐ichi , Kameda Yoichi , Furuno Kumiko , Kitamura Hitoshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMyoepithelioma of the lacrimal gland is extremely rare and only four cases, one of which was malignant, have been reported in detail. The present report describes a case of lacrimal gland myoepithelioma in a Japanese male with histological features suggestive of potentially malignant transformation. The excised tumor consisted of two components, a central nodular component and a peripheral component surrounding the former. These components were separated by a fibrous tissue. Microscopically, both components were comprised almost entirely of spindle‐shaped cells, but with some epithelioid cells containing glycogen granules. Extracellular spaces in the peripheral component were filled with eosinophilic materials with the occasional crystalloid structures, which were immunoreactive for collagen type I. Neoplastic cells were immunoreactive focally for vimentin and S‐100, but negative for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, muscle actin, smooth muscle actin, desmin, myosin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. The neoplastic cells in the central component showed nuclear pleomorphism and atypia with a higher frequency of mitotic figures, and higher labelings of proliferation markers than those in the peripheral component. Neither invasion, necrosis, nor hemorrhage was observed in the tumor. From these findings we proposed a diagnosis of potentially malignant myoepithelioma.
A survey of the distribution of UV‐absorbing substances in tropical macroalgae
Authors: Karsten Ulf , Sawall Thomas , Wiencke Christian 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYUV‐absorbing mycosporine‐like amino acid compounds (MAA) were identified and quantified in 13 macroalgal Chlorophyceae, six Phaeophyceae and 28 Rhodophy‐ceae collected in the intertidal zone from the tropical island Hainan, People's Republic of China, as well as from tropical mangrove locations in America, Africa, Australia and Japan. All of these habitats receive naturally high solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiances. The study revealed that all Rhodophyceae contained several MAA, which are assumed to function as natural UV sunscreens. Within all species investigated eight distinct compounds were found, seven of which were identified as mycosporine‐glycine, shinorine, porphyra‐334, pal‐ythine, asterina‐330, palythinol and palythene. The unknown substance had an absorption spectrum with a maximum at 357 nm. This compound was restricted to two red algal species from Hainan. In contrast, the Chlorophyceae and Phaeophyceae did not contain MAA or exhibited only trace concentrations. Compared with data from the literature, the amount of all MAA in the tropical Rhodophyceae seemed to be higher than in temperate organisms, probably reflecting acclimation to the stronger solar radiation which is typical for lower latitudes. The data suggest that accumulation of MAA may represent a natural defence system against exposure to biologically harmful UV radiation.
Using baseline respiratory function data to optimize cycle exercise test duration
Authors: PRETTO JEFFREY J. , BRAUN GARY W. , GUY PAUL A. 
Published: March 2003

Background: It is often difficult to select an appropriate workload increment for progressive cycle exercise tests in order to achieve optimal test duration (8–12 min). We hypothesize that baseline respiratory function can be systematically used to select appropriate workload increment to optimize test duration in patients referred to the clinical laboratory.Methodology: One hundred and eighty consecutive exercise tests (with increments of 15 W/min) were retrospectively assessed. Using regression analysis, an equation was generated that predicts the work rate increment that would provide exercise duration of 8–12 min. The validity of this equation was tested prospectively in 231 consecutive tests performed with the calculated workload increment rounded to the nearest 5 watts (W).Results: The best regression equation was: workload increment (W/min) = 1.94 × FEV1 (L) + 0.63 × TLCO (mmol/min per kPa) – 0.07 × age + 1.94 × gender (male = 1, female = 0) + 4.12 (r = 0.85, P < 0.0001). Using this equation allowed selection of the most appropriate workload increment in 79% of tests and reduced the number of tests of non‐optimal duration from 72% (for a fixed increment of 15 W/min) to 38%.Conclusions: Utilization of this regression equation allows standardization in the selection of workload increment, and reduces the number of cycle exercise tests of inadequate duration.
Comparing transforming growth factor‐β2, talc and bleomycin as pleurodesing agents in sheep
Authors: LEE Y. C. Gary , YASAY Justin R. , JOHNSON Joyce E. , PARKER Richard E. , THOMPSON Philip J. , LANE Kirk B. , LIGHT Richard W. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β2 can produce effective pleurodesis in animals, but its efficacy has not been compared with commonly used pleurodesing agents in sheep, which have a thick pleura resembling that of humans. The acute physiological effects and the level of systemic TGF‐β absorption after its intrapleural administration have not been studied. The aims of the present study were to compare: (i) the effectiveness of TGF‐β2, talc and bleomycin in producing pleurodesis in sheep; (ii) the acute side‐effects and systemic TGF‐β levels following the intrapleural administration of these agents; and (iii) histological changes after intrapleural injections of these agents.Methodology: Twelve sheep were divided into three groups and were given a single intrapleural dose of TGF‐β2 (0.25 μg/kg), talc slurry (5 g) or bleomycin (60 IU) via a chest tube. Saline or buffer was injected into the contralateral side, which served as the control. Arterial blood gases and respiratory and heart rates were monitored for the first 24 h. Plasma levels of TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β2 were measured. Pleurodesis was graded macroscopically from 1 (none) to 8 (symphysis > 50% of hemithorax) at day 14.Results: At day 14, the pleurodesis score of the TGF‐β2 group (7.7 ± 0.6) was similar to that of the talc (7.0 ± 1.7) group and significantly higher than that of the bleomycin group (3.3 ± 2.3; P < 0.05). No significant differences were seen in arterial blood gas analysis, vital signs and plasma TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β2 concentrations among the three groups.Conclusions: Transforming growth factor‐β2 was as effective as talc and more so than bleomycin in inducing pleurodesis in sheep. Intrapleural administration of TGF‐β2 appeared safe. No acute changes in gaseous exchange or macroscopic abnormalities were seen following intrapleural TGF‐β2. Importantly, there was no evidence of an increase in systemic TGF‐β levels following its intrapleural administration.
Prevalence of respiratory symptoms related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma among middle aged and older adults
Authors: ABRAMSON MICHAEL , MATHESON MELANIE , WHARTON CATHRYN , SIM MALCOLM 
Published: March 2003

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in middle aged and older adults.Methodology: A random sample of 7005 adults aged between 45 and 69 years was drawn from electoral rolls for Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. A postal survey was conducted using the European Community Respiratory Health Survey respiratory screening questionnaire with additional questions on chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Participants were asked to return the survey by reply mail. Non‐responders were sent a reminder postcard after 2 weeks, a replacement questionnaire after 4 weeks and then contacted by telephone.Results: Completed questionnaires were returned by 4906 (70.0%) participants. The commonest symptoms were exertional dyspnoea (27.2%) and wheezing (20.5%). Chronic bronchitis was reported by 12.0% and emphysema by 1.2%. Males were significantly more likely to report cough and sputum, while females were more likely to report asthma. The prevalence of exertional dyspnoea, cough and sputum, emphysema and heart disease increased with age. Chronic bronchitis, emphysema and most respiratory symptoms were associated with smoking.Conclusions: Self‐reported chronic bronchitis or emphysema affect one in eight middle aged and older adults. Differences between men and women are partly explained by differences in smoking. These findings require confirmation with lung function tests.
Floral scents, leaf volatiles and thermogenic flowers in Magnoliaceae
Authors: Azuma Hiroshi , Thien Leonard B. , Kawano Shoichi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe role and chemical composition of floral scent in pollination systems of angiosperms has been largely ignored because of the difficulty in characterizing scent components. Magnoliaceae is one of the few plant families in which the floral scents of a large number of species have been analyzed. Within the family, floral scents of taxa are dominated by one chemical class of compounds (e.g. benzenoids or terpenoids etc.). Artificially damaged leaves emit a variety of chemicals, some of which also occur in the floral scents (e.g. 4,8‐dimethyl‐1,3(E),7‐nonatriene, linalool etc.). Floral thermogenesis occurs in Magnoliaceae and enhances evaporation of floral scent (in Magnolia tamaulipana A. Vázquez, sp. nov.) and may serve as a direct energy reward to visiting insects. It is hypothesized that floral heat and scent may have been key components in the breeding systems of early angiosperms. Floral heat may have been a major resource for insects and one that could be provided by plants without evolution of elaborate morphological features. In this regard, fragrance signals not only food and mating sites, but also heat.