bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phage therapy in the management of respiratory and pulmonary infections: a systematic review
Authors: Sarkodie-Addo Patience , Osman Abdul-Halim , Aglomasa Bill Clinton , Donkor Eric S. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) pose a significant threat to global health, causing more than 2 million deaths worldwide. This menace is intensified by the alarming increase in drug resistance, which limits the availability of effective antibiotics for bacterial respiratory infections. Consequently, there is an urgent demand for alternative therapeutic options. Phage therapy (PT) has re-emerged as a promising therapeutic approach and as an adjunct to antibiotic treatment. Objective: This systematic review synthesises the application of PT for LRTIs in humans, providing unified and updated data on the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of PT for LRTIs. Design: Systematic review. Data sources and methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search strategy was carried out (spanning January 2000 – February 2024) in four databases: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Web of Science to retrieve published records of PT for LRTIs in humans only. The reference list of each included study was evaluated for possible inclusion of other relevant articles. Results: Among the 18 records that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 70 patients were administered PT. Microbiologically, 71.42% ( n = 50/70) of the patients improved; with either the eradication of the pathogen or a decrease in bacterial load, whilst 15.71% ( n = 11/70) did not record any improvement. About 5.71% (n = 4/70) recorded a partial/incomplete improvement, whilst 7.14% ( n = 5/70) of the patients microbiological outcomes were unspecified. Clinically, up to 74.29% ( n = 52/70) of the patients improved, whilst 10.00% ( n = 7/70) of the patients showed no improvement. Another 2.86% ( n = 2/70) recorded partial/incomplete improvement, whilst 12.86% ( n = 9/70) were uncategorized. Phage titres that yielded positive outcomes ranged from 105 to 1012 PFU/mL. Studies that achieved a substantial phage titre at the site of infection frequently observed notable improvements. Regarding the safety of PT, 77.78% ( N = 14/18) of the studies did not record any adverse effects after PT was administered, whilst 16.66% ( n = 3/18) of the studies reported adverse effects. Conclusion: Based on recently published data originating mainly from observational studies, PT has shown considerable efficacy and safety in the treatment of LRTIs. However, there is a lack of uniform methodologies and protocols across different PT cases in the management of LRTIs. Consequently, there is a need for additional clinical studies to establish standardised pharmacokinetic elements and an overall protocol for PT. By doing so, we can fully unlock the potential of PT in effectively managing clinical bacterial infections, including LRTIs.
Experiences and overall impact reported by people living with obesity: results from a multinational study
Authors: Artime Esther , Khare Swarna , Zimner-Rapuch Sarah , Redig Josefine , Flannery Caragh , Higgins Victoria , Leith Andrea , Mortimer Ashley , Halpern Bruno , Alfaris Nasreen 
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To explore the impact of obesity on clinical outcomes, health-related quality of life, emotional well-being, and work productivity in people/patients with obesity across six countries by body mass index and the presence of complications. Methods: Adelphi Real World Obesity Disease Specific Programme™ captured data related to physicians and their consulting people/patients with obesity on a weight management program or anti-obesity medication in Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates from April to December 2022. Physicians reported data for up to eight qualifying people/patients with obesity. People/patients with obesity voluntarily completed outcome measures: 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, emotional well-being, and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment. Results: Of 1506 people/patients with obesity, 58% were female (mean ± standard deviation age: 41 ± 12.7 years; body mass index: 32.3 kg/m2 ± 7.7 kg/m2). Overall, 82% had ⩾1 complication (median and interquartile range: 2.0 (1.0–3.0)). People/patients with obesity struggled with weight for a mean ± SD of 64.1 ± 86.6 months with a median (interquartile range) of 3.0 (2.0–5.0) weight-loss attempts. Mean ± standard deviation 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores for people/patients with obesity above the obesity threshold showed impairment in general health (42.3 ± 11.5), social functioning (44.3 ± 9.2), role-emotional (46.0 ± 9.3), and mental health (45.7 ± 9.6). People/patients with obesity with complications showed similar impairment. People/patients with obesity reported bother/embarrassment about their weight, with 72% worried about future weight gain. Work productivity and activity impairment scores among people/patients with obesity above the obesity threshold showed impairment in activity (36%), overall work (34%), and presenteeism (31%). Findings were similar for people/patients with obesity with complications. Conclusion: Results suggest that obesity alongside the presence of complications negatively impacts health-related quality of life, emotional well-being, and work productivity, reinforcing the need for comprehensive interventions for this complex health issue.
Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney: Clinical, imaging and pathological features
Authors: Oliveira João , Viloria Alejandra , Abreu Simão , Pereira Pedro , Martins-Silva Carlos , Silva João , Antunes Lopes Tiago 
Published: January 2025

Background: Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma (MTSCC) is a rare variant of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC). MTSCC has been regarded as an indolent subtype of RCC conveying a good prognosis. However, recently some cases of MTSCC have been described presenting or evolving with metastasis, showing an aggressive behaviour. We aim to describe MTSCC clinical characteristics, treatment, prognosis and survival. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all cases of MTSCC diagnosed at our institution from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2022. Electronic health records were reviewed, and data were retrieved and analysed. This study was approved by our institution’s ethics committee. Data confidentiality was assured. Results: We identified eight cases of MTSCC among the 15 years of the study timeframe diagnosed in our hospital. The median age at diagnosis was 59 years (range = 32–80 years), and half of the patients were women (n = 4; 50%). In six (75%) of the patients, presentation was incidental, while the remaining two presented with flank pain. One patient had metastasis at presentation, while the remaining cases were localised at the time of diagnosis. Six patients were submitted to radical nephrectomy: four by open approach and two by transperitoneal laparoscopic approach. Two patients were submitted to a partial nephrectomy by an open approach. Mean (SD) postoperative haemoglobin drop was 2.18 (1.12) g/dL. Median follow-up was 36.5 months (range = 2–157). During the study timeframe, no other patients were diagnosed with local recurrence or distant metastasis. Two patients died during follow-up: the one that was metastatic at diagnosis died due to disease progression 2 months after surgery and another died due to a competitive disease (acute lower limb ischaemia). Conclusion: MTSCC is a rare variant of RCC that, despite being initially regarded as an indolent disease with good prognosis, might harbour an aggressive behaviour and grim prognosis. Level of evidence: 2b
Assessing the acceptability of a sleep-targeted digital intervention among geriatric inpatients: A preliminary study
Authors: Chanteclair Alex , Lartigau Marion , Salles Nathalie , Coelho Julien , Pécune Florian , Philip Pierre , Champeville Clément 
Published: January 2025

Background Sleep complaints are a major concern for the aging population. Insomnia affects quality of life, and is associated with unfavorable geriatric outcomes. Digital technologies offer promising perspectives to assess and support various health conditions, including for the older adults. Among them, the KANOPEE app, a smartphone-based virtual autonomous conversational agent, has been validated in general adult population for insomnia assessment and behavioral interventions. This research primarily aimed to assess the acceptability of the KANOPEE application for evaluating insomnia in older adults. The secondary objective aimed to identify the determinants influencing the acceptability of the app. Methods This cross-sectional study included geriatric department inpatients aged 70 or older, undergoing a standardized interview with the app, addressing sleep complaints. Acceptability was assessed using the Acceptability E-Scale (AES) and ECA Trust Questionnaire (ETQ). Sociodemographic and geriatric data were collected for multivariate linear regression analysis to assess determinants of acceptability scores. Results Fifty inpatients were included (mean age: 85.8 years, men: 48%), 40% declaring a novice level of familiarity with technology. Insomnia Severity Index mean score was of 8.2, with significant clinical insomnia for 12%. The KANOPEE app showed good acceptability on AES and ETQ scales (respectively 22/30 and 18/24). Familiarity with technology increased credibility in the app (β = 1.5, CI [0.1, 2.9]). Acceptability increased with multimorbidity score (β = 1.5, CI [0.1, 2.2]), and decreased with hearing impairment (β = 1.5, CI [−10.6, −2.8]). Higher depression score decreased trust in the app (β = −0.7, CI [−0.9, −0.4). Conclusion This preliminary investigation confirms that older adults can use autonomous virtual agent based applications to quantify their sleep complaints. Understanding and tailoring the unique needs of older users are paramount for successful digital interventions. Further research is needed to confirm these preliminary findings and assess the broader impact of digital apps in a larger sample.
eNSMBL-PASD: Spearheading early autism spectrum disorder detection through advanced genomic computational frameworks utilizing ensemble learning models
Authors: Karim Ayesha , Alromema Nashwan , Malebary Sharaf J , Binzagr Faisal , Ahmed Amir , Khan Yaser Daanial 
Published: January 2025

Objective Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition influenced by various genetic and environmental factors. Currently, there is no definitive clinical test, such as a blood analysis or brain scan, for early diagnosis. The objective of this study is to develop a computational model that predicts ASD driver genes in the early stages using genomic data, aiming to enhance early diagnosis and intervention. Methods This study utilized a benchmark genomic dataset, which was processed using feature extraction techniques to identify relevant genetic patterns. Several ensemble classification methods, including Extreme Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, Light Gradient Boosting Machine, ExtraTrees, and a stacked ensemble of classifiers, were applied to assess the predictive power of the genomic features. TheEnsemble Model Predictor for Autism Spectrum Disorder (eNSMBL-PASD) model was rigorously validated using multiple performance metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Mathew's correlation coefficient. Results The proposed model demonstrated superior performance across various validation techniques. The self-consistency test achieved 100% accuracy, while the independent set and cross-validation tests yielded 91% and 87% accuracy, respectively. These results highlight the model's robustness and reliability in predicting ASD-related genes. Conclusion The eNSMBL-PASD model provides a promising tool for the early detection of ASD by identifying genetic markers associated with the disorder. In the future, this model has the potential to assist healthcare professionals, particularly doctors and psychologists, in diagnosing and formulating treatment plans for ASD at its earliest stages.
The Associations Between Sleep Duration and Various Metabolic Health Indices Among Adults in the United States: A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2021 to 2023 Dataset
Authors: Feng Shuo , Park Jeong-Hui , Zhang Qiyue , Ma Ping , Lee Jung-Min , Shin Jong Cheol 
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study explores the associations between various sleep durations and metabolic health indices, including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol levels, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and waist circumference. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2021 to 2023, were analyzed. MANOVA and Bonferroni-adjusted ANOVAs were conducted to examine the relationships between sleep duration (sleep deprivation (≤5 h), short sleep (5-7 h), recommended sleep (7-9 h), and long sleep (>9 h)) and metabolic health indices. Results: MANOVA revealed significant group differences between sleep duration and metabolic health indices, with Wilks’ Lambda (Λ) = .98, F (3, 5095) = 4.26, P < .001. Compared to recommended sleep duration, both sleep deprivation and short sleep were associated with higher DBP ( Ps < .01) and waist circumference ( Ps < .001), and lower HDL levels ( Ps < .05) Long sleep was associated with lower HDL levels ( P < .01) and lower total cholesterol ( P < .01). Conclusion: The study highlights the detrimental associations of both sleep deprivation and short sleep with metabolic health, such as elevated blood pressure and waist circumference, and lowered HDL cholesterol. Long sleep may also negatively impact metabolic health by reducing HDL.
High Modified 5 Factor Frailty Index is Associated With Worse PROMs and Decreased Return to Activities After 1 or 2 Level MI-TLIF
Authors: Subramanian Tejas , Shahi Pratyush , Hirase Takashi , Korsun Maximilian , Zhang Joshua , Kim Eric , Kwas Cole , Kaidi Austin C. , Boddapati Venkat , Song Junho , Asada Tomoyuki , Mai Eric , Simon Chad , Araghi Kasra , Amen Troy B. , Vaishnav Avani , Tuma Olivia , Zhao Eric , Singh Nishtha , Allen Myles , Bay Annika , Sheha Evan , Lovecchio Francis C. , Dowdell James E. , Qureshi Sheeraz A. , Iyer Sravisht 
Published: January 2025

Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objective Frailty is defined as a state of minimal “physiologic reserve.” The modified 5 factor frailty index (mFI-5) is a recently proposed metric for assessing frailty and has been previously studied as a predictor of morbidity and mortality. However, its utility in predicting postoperative patient reported outcomes (PROMs) and return to activities remains understudied. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing 1 or 2 level minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion queried from a prospectively maintained multi-surgeon registry. Comorbidities including hypertension, congestive heart failure, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and functional status were utilized to calculate the mFI-5. Patients were separated into 3 cohorts, “non-frail,” “moderately frail” or “severely frail” based on their mFI-5. Patient outcomes were compared between the cohorts. Results 392 patients were included of which 227 patients were non-frail, 134 were moderately frail, and 31 were severely frail. Frail patients had longer operative time ( P = 0.002), greater estimated blood loss ( P = 0.038). Despite similar preoperative PROMs, at a longer term follow up, frail patients also had worse PROM scores for ODI ( P = 0.009), VAS-back ( P = 0.028), and VAS-leg ( P = 0.004). Frail patients had worse preoperative ( P = 0.017) and postoperative ( P < 0.001) SF-12 PCS. At 1-year, frail patients had lower rates of fusion ( P = 0.002). Frail patients also demonstrated lower rates of returning to work ( P = 0.018), returning to driving ( P = 0.027), and discontinuation of narcotics ( P = 0.004). Conclusion Frail patients as measured by the mFI-5 index demonstrated worse postoperative outcomes following 1 or 2 level MI-TLIF. Careful patient selection and preoperative optimization may be especially important in frail patients.
Nutritional status of patients with nemaline myopathy and related congenital myopathies in Finland: A pilot study
Authors: Lehtokari Vilma-Lotta , Similä Minna , Tammepuu Marianne , Isohanni Pirjo , Auranen Mari , Hiekkala Sinikka , Wallgren-Pettersson Carina , Strang-Karlsson Sonja 
Published: January 2025

Background The muscle weakness in patients with nemaline myopathy (NM) and related disorders (NMR) often affects the muscles used for eating and dining, and some scientific evidence of poorer nutritional status of patients with myopathy exists. However, comprehensive research on the nutritional status of persons with NM or NMR has not been done. Objectives Our aim was to conduct a comprehensive cross-sectional pilot study among adult Finnish patients with NM or NMR to investigate their food consumption, nutrient intakes, selected nutrient-related laboratory parameters in blood, and self-assessed functioning of dining and eating and of the gastrointestinal tract. We also aimed to test the suitability of the methods selected. Methods The methods included a questionnaire to investigate eating-related functioning, a food frequency questionnaire, food records, and laboratory analyses from blood samples. Results Of 32 invited patients, 20 returned the survey and food frequency questionnaire. Food records were returned by 17, and blood samples were obtained from 16. Food consumption as well as nutrient and energy intake were highly variable between the individuals. Low energy intakes, low consumption of healthy foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains as well as low intakes of vitamin D, calcium, dietary fiber, vitamin C, folate, and iron were observed. Low nutrient intakes were seen especially in non-ambulatory participants, who also reported challenges in eating and dining related functioning. The laboratory parameters did not indicate severe undernourishment in any of the participants. Conclusions Evaluation of food consumption and nutrient intakes were needed to find patients with risk of undernourishment. The results underline the importance of monitoring adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D in this group of patients, especially because of the immobility-induced risk of osteoporosis. Non-ambulatory patients reported more challenges in eating and dining. This, however, did not determine the nutritional status of the patient.
Effectiveness and safety of eptinezumab in anti-CGRP(R) mAbs-naïve and mAbs-non responders’ patients: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Bellotti Alessia , Podella Caterina , Sarchielli Paola 
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim Eptinezumab is a quarterly intravenous infusion monoclonal antibody (mAb) with high affinity for calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and a long-lasting mechanism of action. In our retrospective observational study, we sought to investigate the effectiveness and safety of eptinezumab both in mAbs-naïve and mAbs-non responders’ patients. Methods We collected clinical data from electronic charts of 30 migraineurs who underwent six months of eptinezumab treatment; 18 patients had never undergone mAbs-prophylaxis (G1) while 12 had been non-responders to erenumab/galcanezumab (G2). Monthly Headache Days (MHDs), MIDAS, HIT6 and ASC scores were recorded before eptinezumab (T0) and thereafter every three months. Patients were considered responders whenever MHDs reduction was >50% at six months (T2). Results Overall, 25 out of 30 patients (15 in G1 and 10 in G2) were eptinezumab responders (83.3%). Headache frequency (MHDs) at T0 was 12.4 in G1 and 17.0 in G2, while at T2 it was 7.1 in G1 and 8.0 in G2 (p-value < 0.0001). Significant reductions in MIDAS, HIT6 and ASC scores were also observed. No safety concerns were registered. Conclusions Based upon our retrospective observational study, eptinezumab might be effective and safe also for those migraineurs who resulted being non-responders to other anti-CGRP(R) mAbs.
Liberal/Individualized Versus Materialist/Structuralist Approaches to Addressing Social and Health Inequalities: Education and Income as Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Ervin Avery , Raphael Dennis 
Published: January 2025

Background: While consensus exists that the sources of health inequalities are social inequalities brought on by the experience of qualitatively different living and working conditions, means of addressing these conditions continue to be the subject of dispute. Whether to emphasis education or income as a social determinant of health is one such example of differing views on the sources of these inequalities and the means of addressing them. These different emphases are often justified through the narrow examination of the magnitude of statistical relationships between educational attainment and income with health outcomes. Purpose: We offer a broader view, seeing these differing emphases as indicative of contrasting views of the nature of society and means of responding to these inequalities with emphasis on education representing a liberal reformist view of the issue while an emphasis on income representing a materialist structuralist view. Research design and study sample: We examine, the validity of this hypothesis through an analysis of content of five representative publications that consider educational attainment as a social determinant of health and five that do so for income. Analysis and results: We find that the emphasis on education as a social determinant of health focuses on the attributes of the individual and is generally accepting of the structures and processes of the existing economic and political order. In contrast, an emphasis on income – when placed within a materialist analysis – views existing systems as inequitably distributing income and other resources thereby requiring their reform or transformation. Conclusion: Considering evidence of deteriorating living and working conditions for many in Canada and elsewhere, we see the latter emphasis as more useful for understanding and addressing these disturbing developments.
Registration and Convolutional Multidimensional Attention Module for Few-Shot Anomaly Detection
Authors: Xie Xin , Xiong Shenping , Zheng Wenbin , Cai Tijian 
Published: January 2025

Aiming at the shortcomings of most current anomaly detection models, such as low detection accuracy and poor generalization performance, this paper proposes a few-shot anomaly detection model based on a convolutional multidimensional attention module to achieve feature registration (abbreviated as RCM-FSAD), which enhances the model’s perception of the overall image perception ability, using spatial transformer network to obtain the spatial transformation features of the image, improving the sensitivity of the relevant features, so that the whole model learns the commonality between the categories, and enhancing the generalization ability of the model. The spatial transformations and local structures of the input data are captured by deformable convolutional networks v2 to ensure the spatial invariance of the input data. The model is trained with only normal samples to accomplish anomalous regions’ localization and anomaly detection. On the challenging MVTec AD dataset, the unsupervised model not only improves the anomaly detection accuracy but also shows better generalization compared to current state-of-the-art unsupervised anomaly detection methods.