bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐assembly and solution behavior of cationic surfactants in water‐trifluoroethanol environment: An experimental and theoretical approach
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Padsala Shailesh , Mayursing Girase , Ray Debes , Aswal Vinod Kumar , Kuperkar Ketan , Bahadur Pratap 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe micellization behavior of conventional cationic surfactant: tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), and Gemini surfactant (GS): N,N′‐ditetradecyl‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl‐N,N′‐ethanediyl‐diammonium dibromide (14‐2‐14) in water and water‐trifluoroethanol (TFE) solvent mixture has been examined using tensiometric and small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) techniques. Critical micelle concentration (CMC), and various interfacial parameters such as surface tension at CMC (γCMC), surface pressure at CMC (πCMC), maximum surface excess concentration (Γmax), and minimum area occupied by the head group (Amin) were evaluated for our examined systems at 303.15 K. It was observed that with the increase in TFE concentration, the CMC of the tested cationic surfactants decreased, thereby favoring the micellization in the presence of the surface‐active TFE. Furthermore, the geometry and aggregation number (Nagg) of surfactant micelles were inferred using SANS that revealed the decrease in micelle size of cationic surfactants. Additionally, the computational simulation study provided an insight into the molecular interactions in the examined system that validated our experimental findings.
Cost Analysis of High‐Signal Approach in Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Residency
Authors: Erickson Taylor S. , Warren Brooke R. , Pletcher Steven D. 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to analyze a high‐signal approach for otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery (OHNS) residency applicants and calculate cost savings for programs and applicants.MethodsData from both the 2022–2024 Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) and a data model were used to demonstrate cost savings with a high‐signal approach. Modeled data assumed that the number of applications per applicant would be equal to the number of signals allowed. Predicted and real‐world cost savings across the five other specialties participating in a high‐signal approach were calculated.ResultsERAS data cost savings for the entire OHNS applicant pool amounted to $365,950. In the modeled data, cost savings amounted to $825,921. When extrapolated to include all five high‐signal specialties, total cost savings amounted to $2,570,464 (ERAS data) and $6,359,478 (modeled data). Otolaryngology programs were predicted to experience significant time savings, resulting in cost savings of $437,883 and $1,113,342 for ERAS data and modeled data, respectively.ConclusionsThe study highlights the advantages of a high‐signal approach, including financial advantages or increased time for programs to engage in holistic review and diversify the pool of interview candidates. Cost savings in this study were shown to be significant when extrapolated across all specialties using a high‐signal approach. Further research is needed to optimize the signaling system and confirm the favorable interview distribution and equity data from the low‐signal OHNS experience with a high‐signal approach.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 134:2684–2688, 2024
Automated Detection of Pediatric Foreign Body Aspiration from Chest X‐rays Using Machine Learning
Authors: Truong Brandon , Zapala Matthew , Kammen Bamidele , Luu Kimberly 
Published: February 2024

Objective/HypothesisStandard chest radiographs are a poor diagnostic tool for pediatric foreign body aspiration. Machine learning may improve upon the diagnostic capabilities of chest radiographs. The objective is to develop a machine learning algorithm that improves the diagnostic capabilities of chest radiographs in pediatric foreign body aspiration.MethodThis retrospective, diagnostic study included a retrospective chart review of patients with a potential diagnosis of FBA from 2010 to 2020. Frontal view chest radiographs were extracted, processed, and uploaded to Google AutoML Vision. The developed algorithm was then evaluated against a pediatric radiologist.ResultsThe study selected 566 patients who were presented with a suspected diagnosis of foreign body aspiration. One thousand six hundred and eighty eight chest radiograph images were collected. The sensitivity and specificity of the radiologist interpretation were 50.6% (43.1–58.0) and 88.7% (85.3–91.5), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm were 66.7% (43.0–85.4) and 95.3% (90.6–98.1), respectively. The precision and recall of the algorithm were both 91.8% with an AuPRC of 98.3%.ConclusionChest radiograph analysis augmented with machine learning can diagnose foreign body aspiration in pediatric patients at a level similar to a read performed by a pediatric radiologist despite only using single‐view, fixed images. Overall, this study highlights the potential and capabilities of machine learning in diagnosing conditions with a wide range of clinical presentations.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:3807–3814, 2024
Cascaded Second Harmonic Generation for Deep‐UV Radiations with a 2D Nonlinear Photonic Quartz Crystal
Authors: Zhang Zhongmian , Shao Mingchuan , Liang Fei , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin , Wu Yicheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHarmonic generation can broaden the laser wavelength in a great scope and is rich in physics, but the efficient cascaded second harmonic generation especially those directly deep into deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) with one single crystal seems to be impossible, due to the extremely strict phase‐matching conditions and relative narrow bandgap of present nonlinear optical crystals. Here, this work designs a nonlinear photonic quartz crystal where the phase difference of interacted light waves is manipulated in two dimensions and realizes an unprecedented cascaded phase‐matched 2nd–5th harmonic generation simultaneously with the photon energy up to 6 eV, representing the shortest wavelength by cascaded second harmonic generation in the solid‐state nonlinear medium. The generated light is located in the visible‐DUV region with a total conversion efficiency of 2.7%. The present nonlinear photonic quartz scheme not only provides a multi‐wavelength solid‐state laser source applied in modern devices but also develops a new route for studying the light‐matter nonlinear interaction in the DUV region.
Sub‐Nominal Resolution Fourier Transform Spectrometry with Chip‐Based Combs
Authors: Sterczewski Lukasz A. , Bagheri Mahmood 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChip‐based optical frequency combs address the demand for compact, bright, coherent light sources of equidistant phase‐locked lines. Traditionally, the Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTS) technique is considered a suboptimal choice for resolving comb lines in chip‐based sensing applications due to the requirement of long optical delays, and spectral distortion from the instrumental line shape. Here, a sub‐nominal resolution FTS technique is developed that extracts the comb's offset frequency in any spectral region directly from the measured interferogram without resorting to nonlinear ‐to‐ interferometry. This in turn enables 10's of MHz resolution spectrometry with millimeter optical retardations currently limited by the emission linewidth and phase noise of the used lasers. Low‐pressure Doppler‐broadened absorption lines probed by widely‐tunable chip‐scale mid‐infrared optical frequen with electrical pumping are fully resolved over a span of tens of nanometers. This versatile technique paves the way for compact, electrostatically‐actuated, or even all‐on‐chip high‐fidelity FTS, and can be readily applied to boost the resolution of existing commercial instruments with compact interferometers several hundred times.
Study on corrosion performance and corrosion product composition of weathering steel and high‐performance steel in simulated C3 environment
Authors: Xie Shengju , Li Huaiguang , Zhang Yu , Zheng Kaifeng , Hu Bo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWeathering steel (WS) and high‐performance steel (HPS) have been widely used in bridge engineering. Investigating the corrosion performances of WS and HPS is of great significance to the safety evaluation and maintenance of uncoated WS or HPS bridges, especially aging bridges. This study focused on the correlation between the corrosion performance and composition of the rust layer. Accelerated corrosion tests were conducted on Q345CNH and HPS 70 W to observe their corrosion performance under salt‐spray corrosive environment. Based on the results of corrosion test and the existing corrosion attack evaluation theories, the empirical formulae of uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion were derived. X‐ray diffraction experiments were performed to analyze the composition of the rust layer formed on the surface of steel specimens after various corrosion cycles. The relationship between the composition of the rust layer and the corrosion performance was established. The test corrosive environment was verified to be consistent with the C3 environment. The conclusions of this study could provide guidance for the corrosion evaluation in the following test or practical application.
Clickable Polymerization‐Induced Emission Luminogens Toward Color‐Tunable Modification of Non‐Traditional Intrinsic Luminescent Polymers
Authors: Sun Xiao‐Li , Xue Hong , Gu Xi‐Yao , Li De‐Shan , Xiao Hang , Wan Wen‐Ming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNon‐traditional intrinsic luminescent (NTIL) polymer is an emerging field, and its color‐tunable modification is highly desirable but still rarely investigated. Here, a click chemistry approach for the color‐tunable modifications of NTIL polymers by introducing clickable polymerization‐induced emission luminogen (PIEgen), is demonstrated. Through Cu‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition click chemistry, a series of PIEgens is successful prepared, which is further polymerized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Interestingly, after clickable modification, these monomers are nonemissive in both solution and aggregation states; while, the corresponding polymers exhibit intriguing aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics, confirming their PIEgen characteristics. By varying alkynyl substitutions, color‐tunable NTIL polymers are achieved with emission wavelength varying from 448 to 498 nm, revealing a series of PIEgens and verifying the importance of modification of NTIL polymers. Further luminescence energy transfer application is carried out as well. This work therefore designs a series of clickable PIEgens and opens a new avenue for the modification of NTIL polymers via click chemistry, which may cause inspirations to the research fields including luminescent polymer, NTIL, click chemistry, AIE and modification.
Do college anti‐plagiarism/cheating policies have teeth in the age of AI? Exploratory evidence from the Internet
Authors: Goel Rajeev K. , Nelson Michael A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has challenged academic institutions to ensure ethical practices and reward/promote merit. Adding formal insights into the importance of maintaining academic integrity, this paper examines the association of anti‐plagiarism/anti‐cheating policies with resources that facilitate such behavior. Using unique internet search indices of policies and resources, we find that the two are positively associated. This association is robust when internet policies are restricted to news searches, and include course syllabi. The findings reinforce the view that policies to check plagiarism/cheating likely lack teeth and maybe a step behind the resources that facilitate unethical behavior.
Fluorescent imaging probes for in vivo ovarian cancer targeted detection and surgery
Authors: Solidoro Roberta , Centonze Antonella , Miciaccia Morena , Baldelli Olga Maria , Armenise Domenico , Ferorelli Savina , Perrone Maria Grazia , Scilimati Antonio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOvarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, with a survival rate of approximately 40% at five years from the diagno. The first‐line treatment consists of cytoreductive surgery combined with chemotherapy (platinum‐ and taxane‐based drugs). To date, the main prognostic factor is related to the complete surgical resection of tumor lesions, including occult micrometastases. The presence of minimal residual diseases not detected by visual inspection and palpation during surgery significantly increases the risk of disease relapse. Intraoperative fluorescence imaging systems have the potential to improve surgical outcomes. Fluorescent tracers administered to the patient may support surgeons for better real‐time visualization of tumor lesions during cytoreductive procedures. In the last decade, consistent with the discovery of an increasing number of ovarian cancer‐specific targets, a wide range of fluorescent agents were identified to be employed for intraoperatively detecting ovarian cancer. Here, we present a collection of fluorescent probes designed and developed for fluorescence‐guided ovarian cancer surgery. Original articles published between 2011 and November 2022 focusing on fluorescent probes, currently under preclinical and clinical investigation, were searched in PubMed. The keywords used were targeted detection, ovarian cancer, fluorescent probe, near‐infrared fluorescence, fluorescence‐guided surgery, and intraoperative imaging. All identified papers were English‐language full‐text papers, and probes were classified based on the location of the biological target: intracellular, membrane, and extracellular.
Hope, but never expect? Comparing parents' pre‐ and post‐disclosure attitudes toward return of results from diagnostic exome sequencing for their child
Authors: Cornelis Candice , Tibben Aad , Brilstra Eva , Bolt Ineke , van Summeren Marieke , Knoers Nine , Bredenoord Annelien L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundCounseling for whole‐exome sequencing (WES) could benefit from aligning parents' pre‐ and post‐disclosure attitudes. A few studies have qualitatively compared parents' pre‐ and post‐disclosure attitudes toward receiving WES results for their child in a diagnostic setting. This study explored these attitudes in the context of children with a developmental delay.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents (n = 27) of 16 children undergoing diagnostic WES in trio‐analysis, both before and after receiving results.ResultsThree key insights emerged. First, the distinction between hoping and expecting was relevant for shaping parents' experiences with receiving results related to the primary indication. Second, parents of young children whose development of autonomous capacities was uncertain sometimes found themselves in a situation resembling a Catch‐22 when confronted with decisions about unsolicited findings (UFs): an important reason for consenting to WES was to gain a better picture of how the child might develop, but in order to make responsible choices about UFs, some ideas of their child's development is needed. Third, default opt‐ins and opt‐outs helped parents fathom new kinds of considerations for accepting or declining UFs in different categories, thereby aiding decision‐making.ConclusionResults from this study are relevant for counseling and policy development.
Design of a broadband high‐efficiency extended resistive continuous Class‐B/J power amplifier with novel drain voltage waveforms
Authors: He Xin , Dong Jin Sheng , Yang Yong Mu , Xu Xin , Lin Xian Qi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article presents an extended resistive continuous broadband Class‐B/J (ERCB/J) power amplifier (PA) that incorporates two newly designed parameters in the drain voltage waveform. The incorporation of these newly designed parameters enables the PA to achieve a lower degradation rate of efficiency and output power over a wide bandwidth. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a PA was designed, fabricated, and measured. The PA adopting commercially available GaN high electron mobility transistor technology operates from 1.0 to 3.0 GHz, exhibiting a fractional bandwidth of 100%. Across this frequency range, the PA delivers more than 39.6 dBm of saturated output power and more than 62% of drain efficiency. The measured results show good agreement with theoretical analysis and simulation, confirming the validity of the proposed method.
Research on electromagnetic scattering characteristics of dipole clusters
Authors: Yang Haohui , Fu Yang , Yang Helin , Ding Fan , Chen Shiju 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper equates chaff clouds to dipole clusters and studies the electromagnetic scattering problem of dipole clusters based on the linear method of moment (LMM) that solve the electric field Integral equation with the pulse basis function. Firstly, the radar cross section (RCS) of three dipole elements is calculated. The dipole element is divided into 11 segment line units using pulse basis functions. The actual chaff clouds are modeled as two nearest dipole cluster models, which are cubic dipole cluster with uniform distribution formed and spherical dipole cluster with Gaussian distribution formed. The total RCS and total E‐Field magnitude of two dipole cluster models were calculated. Finally, two physical models are constructed based on the simulation models and an experiment is designed. The electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the two models are measured, which verifies the accuracy of the simulation results and the operability of the experiment.
A travel though the atrane route, a versatile tool for the materials soft‐synthesis: A twenty‐five years perspective
Authors: Garrido María Dolores , Benítez Miriam , Ros‐Lis Jose V. , Amorós Pedro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe use of triethanolamine in the preparation of materials has been a fertile area of research during the last decades. It is used in sol‐gel synthesis because of its ability to regulate pH, act as a structure‐directing agent, and form atrane complexes with a wide variety of elements. The atranes harmonize the hydrolysis and condensation processes of inorganic species with their interaction with surfactant molecules or micelles for the obtention of homogeneous materials. This review describes the basic principles of the formation of atrane complexes and their use in material synthesis, followed by a compilation of the main examples found in the bibliography. These materials include pure and doped silicas by using micelles as porogen species (MCM‐41, SBA‐15, UVM‐7, etc.), or without using template agents (TUD‐1, UVM‐11, etc.), non‐silica oxides (Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, etc.), mesoporous phosphates and phosphonates, zeotypes (zeolites, aluminophosphates or silicoaluminophosphates, and layered double hydroxides. The atrane route shows a versatile approach for the preparation of these materials with up to three elements simultaneously. The focus of the review centers on the synthesis of the materials and the discussion of their main applications. These examples enrich with a discussion about the future perspective of the topic.
Using clinical simulation to assess a new paediatric ESCALATION system education package: Empirical research mixed methods
Authors: Cooper Alannah , Iten Rebecca , Leslie Gavin D. , Barrett David , Lane Marguerite , Mould Jonathon , Hamsanathan Prasanthy , Stokes Scott , Falconer Pania , Wood Margaret , Cheesman Samantha , Gill Fenella J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to assess the suitability of an online education package to prepare health professionals to use a new paediatric early warning system.DesignQuasi‐experimental mixed methods using co‐production.MethodsParticipants completed the Package and participated in up to four clinical scenarios. Data were collected using self‐report surveys, and during clinical scenarios; escalation of care, documentation, family involvement, communication handovers were assessed, and recorded debriefings were thematically analysed. Data were integrated using tabulated joint displays.ResultsEleven nurses and three doctors were recruited from three mixed adult and paediatric hospitals. Following completion of the Package and clinical scenarios 13/14 (93%) participants agreed preparedness and confidence to use the ESCALATION System had increased. For 53% handovers, the communication framework was followed, for 79% charts, documentation was complete. Participants engaged with the parent (actor) for 97% scenario interactions. The Package was effective and participation in clinical scenarios appeared to enhance learning.Patient or public contributionConsumers participated in the steering group overseeing the study and in the expert panel who reviewed the education package and clinical scenarios.
On strong convergence of a fully discrete scheme for solving stochastic strongly damped wave equations
Authors: Xu Chengqiang , Wang Yibo , Cao Wanrong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article develops an efficient fully discrete scheme for a stochastic strongly damped wave equation (SSDWE) driven by an additive noise and presents its error estimates in the strong sense. We use the truncated spectral expansion of the noise to get an approximate equation and prove its regularity. Then we establish a spatio‐temporal discretization of the approximate equation by a finite element method in space and an exponential trapezoidal scheme in time. We prove that the combination can derive higher strong convergence order in time than the use of the piecewise approximation of the noise and the exponential Euler scheme or the implicit Euler scheme in time. Particularly, the temporal strong convergence order of the fully discrete scheme reaches for the one‐dimensional space‐time white noise, which overcomes the order barrier one. Moreover, we allow the covariance operator of the noise to be noncommutative with the Dirichlet Laplacian, which weakens the common assumptions on the noise in the literature. Finally, some numerical experiments in different spatial dimensions are presented to support our theoretical findings. By means of the piecewise spectral approximation of the noise, a piecewise version of the fully discrete scheme is constructed to fulfill a long‐time simulation.
How do we study resilience? A systematic review
Authors: le Polain de Waroux Yann , Carignan Marie‐Claude , del Giorgio Olivia , Díaz Leandro , Enrico Lucas , Jaureguiberry Pedro , Lipoma María Lucrecia , Mazzini Flavia , Díaz Sandra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The concept of resilience has gained immense popularity as a way to frame social and environmental challenges. However, its empirical operationalization and the integration of social and ecological dimensions continue to present difficulties.

In this paper, we conduct a systematic review of existing empirical studies of resilience in social, ecological and social‐ecological systems (SESs) and examine how and to what extent these studies have achieved the operationalization of the concept of resilience.

We evaluate the operationalization of resilience in 463 papers based on whether they define the system of interest and disturbances, whether they define resilience, whether they evaluate resilience, and for papers focusing on SESs, whether that evaluation integrates social and ecological dimensions.

We find that 51% of empirical studies do not meet at least one of these operationalization criteria, and that even those that do often lack key features for effective operationalization, such as clear system boundaries and baseline state or an effective integration of social and ecological dimensions. Of the papers examining SESs and evaluating resilience, only 54% integrate social and ecological dimensions in that evaluation.

Building on these findings, we propose some design guidelines for operationalizing future empirical studies of resilience.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.