bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convenient expression of the rate constant for nonadiabatic transition
Authors: Okuno Yoshishige , Mashiko Shinro 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe derived a convenient expression of the rate constant for nonadiabatic transitions, with the intention of making it possible and practical to calculate the rate constant. For this derivation, we first assume that the seam, at which the adiabatic potential energy surfaces of reactant and product electronic states exhibit an avoided crossing, corresponds to the dividing surface of the nonadiabatic transition. Second, we use the probability that a nonadiabatic transition occurs in the seam. Third, the partition function in the seam is described by the local profile of the adiabatic potential energy surfaces of both the reactant and product electronic states. The rate constant expression thus derived not only gives significant insight into understanding nonadiabatic transitions, but also makes it possible to obtain a rough estimate of the rate constant. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Spin–orbit coupling of spin‐frustrated systems
Authors: Takeda R. , Yamanaka S. , Yamaguchi K. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe have investigated the effects of spin–orbit (SO) interactions on noncollinear molecular magnetism by combining the classical Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya (DM) model and ab initio generalized spin orbital (GSO) method. We have derived an estimation scheme of the magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) and the Dzyaloshinsky vector based on the SO first‐order perturbation theory (SOPT1) for GSO Hartree–Fock (GHF) solutions. We found that the fundamental results of GHF‐SOPT1 method can be reproduced by diagonalizing the core Hamiltonian plus SO terms, and that the spin topologies of odd‐ring systems can be determined by the topological indices of the singly occupied molecular orbitals. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Electrospray tandem mass spectrometry of 2H‐chromenes
Authors: Domingues M. Rosário M. , Domingues Pedro , Oliveira M. Manuel , Carvalho Luis H. M. , Oliveira‐Campos Ana F. , Ferrer Correia António J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSeveral 2H‐chromenes derived from carbazoles were analyzed by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The 2H‐chromenes constitute an important class of compounds that exhibit photochromic activity. The fragmentation pathways of the protonated molecular species [M+H]+ were studied, and main fragmentation pathways of these compounds were identified. Fragmentation pathways of [M+D]+ ions were also studied in order to obtain information about the location of the ionizing proton or deuteron. It was found that the proton is not preferentially located on the nitrogen atom. The charge is preferentially located as a tertiary carbocation, resulting from the uptake of the proton (or deuteron) by the zwitterionic open structure of the chromenes. The major fragmentation occurred by cleavage of the γ‐bond relative to the carbocation center, leading to a fragment at m/z 191 (C5H or C14H9N+), which are the most abundant fragment ions for almost all compounds. The presence of substituents in the chromene ring does not change this behavior. Other observed common fragmentation pathways included loss of CH (15 Da), loss of CO (28 Da), combined loss of CO and CH3 (43 Da), and loss of the phenyl ring via combined loss of C6H4 and CH (−91 Da) and combined loss of C6H6 and CO (−106 Da). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupling of nanoflow liquid chromatography to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: real‐time liquid chromatography run mapping on a MALDI plate
Authors: Nägele Edgar , Vollmer Martin 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe major obstacle in the use of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) instruments in the analysis of complex proteome samples is the lack of a direct coupling of a highly resolving separation technique with the mass spectrometer itself. To overcome this drawback, a spotting device for capillary and nanoflow liquid chromatography (LC) with a special liquid deposition principle for lowest volumes was developed. The instrument is able to perform MALDI spotting in real time in order to deposit the LC run on the MALDI plate, and therefore couples the high resolution power of nano‐RP‐HPLC separation directly with MALDI‐MS. This work describes the development and optimization of a method for spotting with online matrix addition, and illustrates its use in the analysis of a complex proteome sample. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Density and distribution of potential prey for larval fish in the main channel of a floodplain river: pelagic versus epibenthic meiofauna
Authors: King A. J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFish larvae require high densities of appropriately sized prey items for their survival and recruitment. It has been widely assumed that inundated floodplains are the major source of high densities of prey in floodplain rivers. This study examined the density and distribution of both pelagic and epibenthic meiofauna in a range of potential larval fish nursery habitats within the main channel of an Australian floodplain river. Although sufficient densities of meiofauna were found in the main channel environment to sustain fish larvae, the prey source was predominantly in the epibenthic zone, where the density of meiofauna was on average 100 times greater than in the pelagic zone. There was no apparent relationship between the density of meiofauna, both epibenthic and/or pelagic, and the preferred nursery habitats of fish larvae. This study suggests that an abundant prey resource for developing fish larvae may exist in main channel environments without inputs from the inundated floodplain. However, further studies are required to determine the relative contributions and importance of prey resources on inundated floodplains compared to the main channel environment for larval survival and cohort strength between successive years. Additionally, this study highlights the importance of sampling the epibenthos, and suggests that the significance of epibenthic meiofauna has been severely underestimated in many previous studies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physiological and biochemical analyses of microcystin‐RR toxicity to the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus
Authors: Hu Zhi‐quan , Liu Yong‐ding , Li Dun‐hai 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFreshwater Microcystis may form dense blooms in eutrophic lakes. It is known to produce a family of related cyclic hepatopeptides (microcystins, MC) that constitute a threat to aquatic ecosystems. Most toxicological studies of microcystins have focused on aquatic animals and plants, with few examining the possible effects of microcystins on phytoplankton. In this study we chose the unicellular Synechococcus elongatus (one of the most studied and geographically most widely distributed cyanobacteria in the picoplankton) as the test material and investigated the biological parameters: growth, pigment (chlorophyll‐a, phycocyanin), photosynthetic activity, nitrate reductase activity, and protein and carbohydrate content. The results revealed that microcystin‐RR concentrations above 100 μg · L−1 significantly inhibited the growth of Synechococcus elongatus. In addition, a change in color of the toxin‐treated algae (chlorosis) was observed in the experiments. Furthermore, MC‐RR markedly inhibited the synthesis of the pigments chlorophyll‐a and phycocyanin. A drastic reduction in photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) was found after a 96‐h incubation. Changes in protein and carbohydrate concentrations and in nitrate reductase activity also were observed during the exposure period. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms of microcystin toxicity on a cyanobacterium, according to the physiological and biochemical responses of Synechococcus elongatus to different doses of microcystin‐RR. The ecological role of microcystins as an allelopathic substance also is discussed in the article. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 19: 571–577, 2004.
Justin on tribunates and generalships, Casares, and Augusti
Authors: Yardley J. C. 
Published: November 2004

Little, if anything, in Justin scholarship has been as controversial as the dating of the so-called Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus. Suggested dates have varied from the time of Antoninus Pius through the third century to the end of the fourth. The latter was proposed in 1988 by Sir Ronald Syme, but has in fact received little support in subsequent literature on Justin, which has tended to accept the earlier dating (late second/early third centuries). An exception is T. D. Barnes, who has voiced support for a later dating based on a linguistic parallel to Justin in the Historia Augusta.Barnes observes that Oscar Hey, author of the article ducatus in TLL (5.2129.30–2131.42), drew attention to the similarity between Justin 30.2.5 Agathocles regis lateri iunctus civitatem regebat, tribunatus et praefecturas et ducatus mulieres ordinabant and HA Heliog. 6.2 militaribus… praeposituris et legationibus et ducatibus venditis. Hey, he notes, refers at the head of that particular section of the article (Section 2 [2130.5–63]) to Seeck's article on dux. Seeck had demonstrated—and this is now taken for granted by scholars—that from the time of Diocletian dux is used technically as a formal title, and, in drawing attention to the parallel between HA Heliog. 6.2 and Justin, Hey must have been intimating that Justin is, like the author of Heliog. 6.2, using ducatus as a (post-Diocletianic) formal title. He then seems to suggest that Hey was right and Justin is to be dated to at least some time after 260.
Recent Studies on Memory and Representation
Authors: Langer Lawrence L. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Words and Witness: Narrative and Aesthetic Strategies in the Representation of the Holocaust, Lea Wernick Fridman (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000), xiii + 177 pp., $16.95.
Traumatic Realism: The Demands of Holocaust Representation, Michael Rothberg (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2000), xi + 323 pp., $19.95.
Holocaust Representation: Art within the Limits of History and Ethics, Berel Lang (Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000), xiv + 175 pp., $38.00.
Spectacular Suffering: Theatre, Fascism, and the Holocaust, Vivian M. Patraka (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999), x + 159 pp., $35.00.
The Claims of Memory: Representations of the Holocaust in Contemporary Germany and France, Caroline Wiedmer (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1999), x + 244 pp., $39.95.
At Memory's Edge: After-Images of the Holocaust in Contemporary Art and Architecture, James E. Young (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2000), viii + 248 pp., $35.00.
Who Died in the Holocaust? Recovering Names from Official Records
Authors: Anders Edward , Dubrovskis Juris 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
The names of most Holocaust victims from Central and East Europe have remained unknown, but can be retrieved from official records, as illustrated here for the town of Liepāja, Latvia. Drawing on thirteen different sources, the authors have recovered the names and fates of about 7,000 of the ∼7,140 Jews once living there. The main source (5,700 names) is a census conducted during August 1941, the second month of the German occupation. Other sources are victims' lists compiled by Yad Vashem and by the Soviet Extraordinary Commission, house books, police and camp records, telephone and business directories, lists of deportees to the USSR, survivor reports, etc. All sources are incomplete and many are error-ridden, but they usually can be reconciled. Coverage of victims from Liepāja thus has increased from ∼20% to over 95%. For most victims, accurate data are now available on birth dates and places, prewar and wartime addresses, occupations, etc., permitting analysis of demography, survival patterns, and other trends. The authors' methodology should apply to other countries where detailed residence records were kept.
The Holocaust and American Public Memory, 1945–1960
Authors: Baron Lawrence 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Until the 1960s, many scholars assert, most Americans' awareness of the Holocaust was based upon vague, trivial, or inaccurate representations. Yet the extermination of the Jews was remembered in significant ways, this article posits, through World War II accounts, the Nuremberg trials, philosophical works, comparisons with Soviet totalitarianism, Christian and Jewish theological reflections, pioneering scholarly publications, and mass-media portrayals. These early postwar attempts to comprehend the Jewish tragedy within prevailing cultural paradigms provided the foundation for subsequent understandings of that event.
The ‘Skeleton in Schoenberg's Musical Closet’: The Chequered Compositional History of Schoenberg's Second Chamber Symphony
Authors: Dale Catherine 
Published: November 2004

Reflecting on the composition of his First Chamber Symphony, op. 9, in the essay ‘How One Becomes Lonely’ (1937), Schoenberg wrote:I had enjoyed so much pleasure during the composing, everything had gone so easily and seemed to be so convincing, that I was sure the audience would react spontaneously to the melodies and to the moods and would find this music to be as beautiful as I felt it to be.
A. H. Fox Strangways andThe Music of Hindostan: Revisiting Historical Field Recordings
Authors: Clayton Martin 
Published: November 2004

The writer of an article is often at a loss as to how to begin.A. H. Fox StrangwaysOf what practical use are historical field recordings? This article is a partial response to that question, one which struck me on many occasions while working with ethnographic wax cylinders at the British Library National Sound Archive (NSA). There are, I believe, at least three possible answers to the question. One is that historical recordings can (and indeed should) be returned to the societies from which they originated, for which they serve as valuable cultural documents — documents both of indigenous cultural practices and of the engagement of scholars and other collectors with those practices (often within a colonial context). Another is that they can be used in studies of musical continuity and change, a possibility exploited most extensively by the ethnomusicologist Nazir Jairazbhoy, who retraced the path of his predecessor and mentor Arnold Bake's Indian field trips, comparing his own findings in 1984 with Bake's in 1938. My third answer is that historical recordings, together with the publications based on them, can contribute to studies of the historical development of ethnomusicological method — of the ways in which music has been recorded, transcribed and analysed. This article pursues this last possibility, taking as an example one of the classical works of early twentieth-century comparative musicology, A. H. Fox Strangways'sThe Music of Hindostan.I consider the author's aims, methods and conclusions, their status in the light of subsequent research, and their significance for music studies today.
Prophets Looking Backwards: German Romantic Historicism and the Representation of Renaissance Music
Authors: Garratt James 
Published: November 2004

AbstractCrucial to understanding the reception of Renaissance music in nineteenth-century Germany is an appreciation of the contradictory components of Romantic historicism. The tension between subjective and objective historicism is fundamental to the historiographical reception of Renaissance music, epitomizing the interdependency of historical representation and modern reform. Protestant authors seeking to reform church music elevated two distinct repertories — Renaissance Italian music and Lutheran compositions from the Reformation era — as ideal archetypes: these competing paradigms reflect significantly different historiographical and ideological trends. Early romantic commentators, such as Hoffmann and Thibaut, elevated Palestrina as a universal model, constructing a golden age of old Italian church music by analogy with earlier narratives in art history; later historians, such as Winterfeld and Spitta, condemned the subjectivity of earlier reformers, seeking instead to revivify the objective foundations of Protestant church music. Both approaches are united, however, by the use of deterministic modes of narrative emplotment.
The Provenance of the Londonderry Air
Authors: Audley Brian 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe internationally known Londonderry Air carries the status of a cultural symbol of Ireland. Both its collector and its publisher claimed in 1855 that the music was very old, a belief which has passed into conventional wisdom. In 1934 and 1979 two writers cast doubts on the tune's age and suggested that its collector had more to do with the moulding of the tune than the process of tradition. Subsequently, doubts about the music have prevailed in academic circles but remained unexamined. This article queries the deductions of these writers and explores the musical origins and evolution of the Air. The methodology is historical and musicological. From an examination of collections of Irish traditional music evidence is presented in support of the tune's age and fashioning by tradition. The lost verses of a song known to have been accompanied by the tune in the nineteenth century are revealed as the likely original words to the music.
Recent advances in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Marshall S M 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end stage renal disease worldwide and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The earliest clinical manifestation is of microalbuminuria. Tight blood glucose and blood pressure control reduce the risk of microalbuminuria. Once microalbuminuria is present, the rate of progression to end stage renal disease and of cardiovascular disease can be delayed by aggressive management of blood pressure, glucose, and lipids. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system is important to reduce intraglomerular pressure but other classes of antihypertensive agent may also be needed to gain adequate control of systemic blood pressure. Such measures can at least half the rate of progression of nephropathy and cardiovascular disease.
A NETWORK CHARGE-ORIENTED MOS TRANSISTOR MODEL
Authors: KATZENELSON JACOB , UNIKOVSKI AHARON 
Published: November 2004

The MOS transistor physical model as described in Ref. 3 is presented here as a network model. The goal is to obtain an accurate model, suitable for simulation, free from certain problems reported in the literature,13 and conceptually as simple as possible. To achieve this goal the original model had to be extended and modified. The paper presents the derivation of the network model from physical equations, including the corrections which are required for simulation and which compensate for simplifications introduced in the original physical model. Our intrinsic MOS model consists of three nonlinear voltage-controlled capacitors and a dependent current source. The charges of the capacitors and the current of the current source are functions of the voltages Vgs, Vbs, and Vds. The complete model consists of the intrinsic model plus the parasitics. The apparent simplicity of the model is a result of hiding information in the characteristics of the nonlinear components. The resulted network model has been checked by simulation and analysis. It is shown that the network model is suitable for simulation: It is defined for any value of the voltages; the functions involved are continuous and satisfy the Lipschitz conditions with no jumps at region boundaries; Derivatives have been computed symbolically and are available for use by the Newton-Raphson method. The model’s functions can be measured from the terminals. It is also shown that small channel effects can be included in the model. Higher frequency effects can be modeled by using a network consisting of several sections of the basic lumped model. Future plans include a detailed comparison of the network model with models such as SPICE level 3 and a comparison of the multi-section higher frequency model with experiments.
THE RECONFIGURABLE RING OF PROCESSORS: EFFICIENT ALGORITHMS VIA HYPERCUBE SIMULATION
Authors: ROSENBERG ARNOLD L. , SCARANO VITTORIO , SITARAMAN RAMESH K. 
Published: November 2004

We propose a design for, and investigate the computational power of a dynamically reconfigurable parallel computer that we call the Reconfigurable Ring of Processors ([Formula: see text], for short). The [Formula: see text] is a ring of identical processing elements (PEs) that are interconnected via a flexible multi-line reconfigurable bus, each of whose lines has one-packet width and can be configured, independently of the other lines, to establish an arbitrary PE-to-PE connection. A novel aspect of our design is a communication protocol we call COMET — for Cooperative MEssage Transmission — which allows PEs of an [Formula: see text] to exchange one-packet messages with latency that is logarithmic in the number of PEs the message passes over in transit. The main contribution of this paper is an algorithm that allows an N-PE, N-line [Formula: see text] to simulate an N-PE hypercube executing a normal algorithm, with slowdown less than 4 log log N, provided that the local state of a hypercube PE can be encoded and transmitted using a single packet. This simulation provides a rich class of efficient algorithms for the [Formula: see text], including algorithms for matrix multiplication, sorting, and the Fast Fourer Transform (often using fewer than N buslines). The resulting algorithms for the [Formula: see text] are often within a small constant factor of optimal.
A COST-EFFECTIVE STREAMLINING OF THE DIOGENES DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Authors: PICQUENDAR MARC , ROSENBERG ARNOLD L. , SCARANO VITTORIO 
Published: November 2004

The original DIOGENES design methodology produces fault-tolerant layouts of VLSI processor arrays by designing an array's interconnection network as a (possibly large) number of (re)configurable bundles of wires, each bundle being organized as either a stack or a queue. The benefits of DIOGENES often come only at high cost, in terms of both configuration hardware and algorithmic cost of configuration. In this paper, we improve the original methodology in a way that simultaneously: streamlines the design process; produces more cost-effective layouts; can be augmented to allow efficient dynamic reconfigurability. Our new version of DIOGENES replaces the wire-stacks and/or -queues of the original methodology by a single generalized deletion stack (GDS for short), independent of the topology of the array. The new methodology has three major benefits: 1. A GDS-network can be configured in time linear in the size of the graph being realized. (Optimal network configuration is superlinear for the queue-based version and NPcomplete for the stack-based version of the original methodology.) 2. A GDS-network can realize any linearization of any graph, subject only to the constraints of the implemented node-degree and cutwidth. (The original methodology demands a priori commitment to a fixed number of stacks or queues of fixed sizes, hence limits one to a restricted set of array topologies.) 3. A GDS-network usually requires dramatically less configuration hardware than a stack- or queue-based network would (albeit with larger switches). We end with suggested enhancements to this new, flexible, version of DIOGENES.