bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on the effects of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), human angiogenic factor (h‐AF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo
Authors: Olivo Michael , Bhardwaj Ranjit , Schulze‐Osthoff Klaus , Sorg Clemens , Jacob Heinz Jürgen , Flamme Ingo 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay is a widely used bioassay for testing angiogenic activities. In the present study we compared the gross and micromorphological effects of three angiogenic factors applied in Elvax™ carriers on the CAM: Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), human angiogenic factor (h‐AF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Our question was whether the CAM responds to these factors which have very different actions with a stereotype or with a factor specific reaction. By microangiography and light microscopy, all positive reactions appeared as a spoke‐wheel vascular pattern with a bundle of small capillary blood vessels in the center. These vessels were predominatly of a distended type in h‐AF and TNF experiments, while narrower capillary vessels followed bFGF application. Chorioallantoic ectoderm and endoderm were thickened by cell accumulation and the mesenchymal stroma of the CAM was edematous and infiltrated with leucocytes in all three reactions. Additionally, bFGF experiments showed areas of densely arranged fibroblasts. Observations in vivo showed chorioallantoic tissue movements as a possible mechanism for the spokewheel vascular pattern. As compared with our results from studies of cytokinetics with bromodeoxyuridine, these current findings indicate that chemotaxis is responsible for the chorioallantoic angiogenic reaction rather than cellular proliferation. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differences in fiber number and fiber type proportion within fascicles. A quantitative morphological study of whole vastus lateralis muscle from childhood to old age
Authors: Sjöström Michael , Lexell Jan , Downham David Y. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractData are presented on the number of fibers and the proportion of different fiber types within fascicles of whole vastus lateralis muscles from 5 male children, 5 to 15 years of age, and compared with results from 25 male adults, middle aged and old individuals. The results verify a difference in the proportion of fibers with different properties within a fascicle. The proportion of type 2 (fast twitch) fibers on the border of fascicles is larger than the proportion internally: the children have (P<0.01) greater difference than the adults and the middle aged, whereas the old have (P<0.001) less difference than the other age groups. The mean number of fibers per fascicle increases (P<0.05) from childhood to adult age, and thereafter reduces (P<0.01). The results imply that fascicles continuously rearrange during the normal growth and development and the normal aging process. It is argued that the causes of the difference in fiber type proportions within fascicles are local factors in the muscle, secondary to the overall age related functional demands put on the fiber population.© Willey‐Liss, Inc.
Localization and activity of Na+, K+ ‐ATPase in the ductuli efferentes of the rat
Authors: Ilio Kenneth Y. , Hess Rex A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe Na+, K+ ‐ATPase enzyme through its p‐nitrophenyl phosphatase activity was localized in the ductuli efferentes of rats. Enzymatic activity was demonstrated along the cytoplasmic side of the plasmalemma of the ductular epithelial cells. The most intense deposition of reaction products was found on the plasmalemma delimiting the lower lateral and basal regions of the cells. The plasma membranes forming the microvilli, apical junctional complexes were devoid of reaction product while the midlateral membranes showed a weak reaction. The enzyme reaction was potassium‐dependent and was abolished by addition of 10 mM ouabain to the incubation media. Enzyme activity decreased significantly from proximal to distal regions of the ductules (8,101.47 ± 274.53, 6,658.95 ± 269.53 and 4,668.10 ± 575.41 pmoles p‐nitrophenol/mm/h, respectively in initial, conus vasculosus and terminal zones). A unified model for water absorption is proposed in the efferent ductules based upon this data and that of others.© Willey‐Liss, Inc.
Morphology of the bile ducts of the brook lamprey, Lampetra lamottenii (Le Sueur) before and during infection with the nematode, Truttaedacnitis stelmioides (Vessichelli, 1910) (Nematoda: Cucullanidae)
Authors: Eng F. , Youson J. H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractRoutine light microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy were used to describe and compare the biliary tree of larval Lampetra lamottenii before and during infestation of the bile ducts with the nematode, Truttaedacnitis stelmioides. The most prominent changes to the biliary tree following infection by the parasite are the dilation of the bile ducts, alterations to their epithelial cells, and an increase in periductal fibrous tissue. In recently infected animals, the simple epithelium of dilated bile ducts often contains many mitotic figures. In long‐term infestations, the epithelium is stratified or pseudostratified. Changes to the fine structure of the biliary epithelial cells include increase and/or dilation of the RER and SER, and increases in microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. The abundance of dense bodies may reflect enhance reabsorption of biliary constituents, and their accumulation may ultimately result in cytolysis. There are increased mucous granules in the apical cytoplasm of biliary epithelial cells and an abundance of mucinous material within the bile duct lumen, and the basal lamina appears thickened. The changes to the liver of L. lamottenii following infection are discussed and compared to those reported in small mammals following bileduct ligation, in patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction, and in parasitic infection of the biliary tree.© Willey‐Liss, Inc.
Structure and dynamics of adrenal mitochondria following stimulation with corticotropin releasing hormone
Authors: Bornstein Stefan R. , Ehrhart‐Bornstein M. , Güse‐Behling H. , Scherbaum W. A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe mitochondria of rat adrenals were investigated qualitatively and quantitatively in different functional states of the adrenal cortex. Following stimulation of the animals with corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), the corticosterone serum levels reached a maximum 1 hour after stimulation with CRH. The amount of inner mitochondrial membrane within the zona fasciculata increased showing a biphasic time course, with a first maximum 2 hours and a second maximum 8 hours after stimulation. In contrast, a significant rise of mitochondrial volume occurred only 24 hours after CRH stimulation. Therefore, the dense vesicularization of mitochondrial cristae may constitute an early process to enhance the steroidogenic capacity of these cells. Within cells of the transition zone between zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata, we could depict a special type of mitochondria with characteristic crescent‐like cristae only seen after stimulation with CRH. This type of mitochondria may represent an intermediate form between mitochondria of zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata underlining the impressive transformational capacity of adrenocortical mitochondria. After hypophysectomy, zona fasciculata cells contained mitochondria with tubular inner membranes, representing a hypofunctional state. In contrast, the hypofunctional state after hypophysectomy and the hyperfunctional state after stimulation of the adrenal cortex via CRH injection did not appear to correlate with the morphology of mitochondria from the zona reticularis and adrenal medulla.© Willey‐Liss, Inc.
Morphology of the kidney of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus: Monotremata)
Authors: Tsujii Tadashi , Inoue Satoko , Takamiya Haruo , Liszczynsky Helen R. , Naora Hiroto , Seno Satimaru 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe platypus kidney shows morphological similarities to those of other mammals. Macroscopically, the cortex is easily distinguishable from the fairly wide medulla. Within the medulla, no clear border is observed between the inner and outer zones. Light and transmission electron microscopically, the glomeruli show quite similar architecture to those of other mammals; however, the glomerular lobulation is very clear. The glomerular tufts are rather simple, but capillary lumen varies widely in size, which is one of the unique features of the platypus kidney. The urinary tubule is generally similar to that of human and other mammals in shape and segmentation; however, the staining specificities of histochemical reactions and the shape of epithelial cells of the Henle's loop differ from those ofother mammals. The most conspicuous features are: 1) although no protein casts are found in the tubular lumina, epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) have numerous electron‐dense vesicles as in human nephrotic kidneys; and 2) the platypus Henle's loop consists of the thick epithelial cells similar to the mammalian type nephron of birds. As compared to those of other mammals such as humans and rats, our observations suggest that the platypus kidney is less developed, in terms of evolution.© Willey‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructural alteration of cartilaginous fibril arrangement in the rat mandibular condyle as revealed by high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Segawa Kazuyuki , Takiguchi Reiji 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThree‐dimensional alteration of fibrillar matrix in the rat mandibular condylar cartilage was investigated with a high‐resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) and it was determined whether alterations correlate with developing occlusion and advancing age. Two important SEM techniques of DMSO freeze‐cracking and treatment with trypsin and hyaluronidase were employed to remove interfibrillar proteoglycans and disclose fibril arrangement. Our SEM investigation demonstrated that collagen fibrils in the fibrous zone covering hyaline‐cartilaginous area in the condyle are thicker (50 to 80 nm in diameter) than the fibrils (30 to 50 nm in diameter) that predominantly constituted an interterritorial fibrillar matrix (IFM) in the area. While the thick fibrils had a distinct striation of about 55 nm periodicity, the thin fibrils had no distinguishable striation. The thick fibrils having a periodic striation of about 60 nm was found along with the thin fibrils, also in the IFM in the aged rats and in the deep IFM, but were considerably less than the thin fibrils. The fibrils in the fibrous zone and IFM were disorderly arranged at 19‐day‐insemination age. In 1‐week‐old rats whose incisors erupted, the fibrils constituting the fibrous zone altered from disordered to ordered arragement. The IFM in these rats took the form of a network. Incorporation of small fibrillar bundles into the fibrillar network was seen in 2‐week‐old rats whose upper and lower first molars erupted. In 8‐week‐old rats whose molars had erupted completely, the IFM completely occupied by regularly oriented fibrils appeared additionally. The structural alteration that occurred in both individual fibrils and fibril arrangement probably correlates with increasing stress due to developing occlusion and aging of the condylar cartilage.© Willey‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of intermediate filaments and actins in human dental pulp and embryonic dental papilla
Authors: Lombardi T. , Samson J. , Mühlhauser J. , Fiore‐Donno G. , Maggiano N. , Castellucci M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe localization of different cytoskeletal proteins (keratin, vimentin, desmin, actin, and α‐smooth muscle actin) was examined by immunohistochemistry in normal human adult dental pulp and compared with dental papilla of tooth germs. Keratin and actin were localized in enamel organ. Vimentin and actin were observed in the dental papilla and in the adult dental pulp. Desmin and α‐smooth muscle actin were present only in the vessel walls. These data are discussed paying particular attention to the origin and the peculiar functional characters of the dental papilla and pulp.© Willey‐Liss, Inc.
Organization of the optic chiasm in the hatched chick
Authors: Drenhaus U. , Rager G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn the hatched chick the fibers of the two optic nerves segregate into clearly defined bundles when they cross to the other side. These bundles run in horizontally oriented tiers. The tiers are demarcated by blood vessels and pial tissue. The organization of these tiers was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively using light and electron microscopy as well as tracer techniques. The fibers within the tiers cross to the contralateral optic tract without leaving their respective tier. The mean total number of tiers is 34 with a great individual variation. A preference in the superposition of one side over the other could not be observed. Comparing these data with our earlier study (Rager et al.: Anat. Embryol., 179:135–148, 1988) it can be concluded that neither the segregation of fibers into discrete bundles nor the variability in the number of alternating tiers seem to disturb the topography of fibers as it is achieved in the optic nerve. The pattern of vascularization correlates with the order of crossing axon bundles and contributes to the demarcation of the tiers. The chiasm is vascularized by the Aa. preopticae and the A. infundibularis.© Willey‐Liss, Inc.
Heterogenous distribution of glycoconjugates in the kidney of dogfish Scyliorhinus caniculus (l.) with reference to changes in the glycosylation pattern during ontogenetic development of the nephron
Authors: Hentschel Hartmut , Walther Paul 
Published: February 2005

AbstractEight fluorochrome‐coupled lectins with different sugar specificities were applied to cryosections of dogfish kidney. Despite profound differences in renal architecture between clasmobranch fish and other vertebrates, the sequence of nephron segments as revealed by the lectin‐binding pattern was rather similar to that of tetrapodes. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) bound to cell membranes of epithelial cells of glomeruli, proximal and distal tubules, their basement membranes, the collecting tubule, and epithelial cells. Among other broadly binding lectins were Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA‐I), soybean agglutinin (SBA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), Lycopersicon esculentum agglutinin (LEA), and Jacalin, all of which marked proximal as well as distal portions of the renal tubule. Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) did not react with any renal structure. Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA‐I), which indicates the presence of α‐L‐fucose, very strongly and specifically marked single epithelial cells of the early distal nephron, all epithelial cells of the late distal tubule, the beginning of the collecting tubule in the mesial tissue zone, and single cells in the end portion of the collecting tubule in the lateral bundles. Binding of UEA‐I to receptors of distal nephron cells could be useful for the identification of these cells in functional studies employing teased tubule and/or isolated cell preparations. Binding of UEA‐I to dogfish kidney structures resembles staining with UEA‐I conjugates of late distal tubules and collecting tubules in the kidneys of frog and other, higher vertebrates. Epithelial cells of early developmental stages showed, very rarely, binding sites for most lectinfluorochrome conjugates. A large number of lectin binding sites was observed in the extracellular matrix of fibroblast layers surrounding the early anlage and the S‐shaped body. Lectin binding sites of the nephron epithelia appeared in a sequential manner in the next stages of development of the nephron. Ontogenetic and phylogenetic aspects of the merging region between nephron proper (late distal tubule) and collecting system (collecting tubule) are discussed. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization of a biotinylated cathepsin B oligonucleotide probe in human prostate including invasive cells and invasive edges by in situ hybridization
Authors: Sinha Akhouri A. , Gleason Donald F. , Deleon Onofrea F. , Wilson Michael J. , Sloane Bonnie F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe cysteine endopeptidase cathepsin B (CB) can degrade basement membrane (BM) proteins (such as laminin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin) at both acid and neutral pHs suggesting that CB has a role in tumor invasion and distant metastasis. The distribution and intensity of CB protein localization vary in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and neoplastic prostate. These considerations have led us to examine whether the distribution of CB localization in malignant and normal cells is due to storage or active synthesis of CB. In the present study, we examined the localization patterns of CB at the mRNA level in normal prostate, BPH, and well to moderately differentiated neoplastic prostate, focusing on invasive groups of cells and invasive edges of malignant tumors. We used a 25‐base biotinylated oligonucleotide CB cDNA “sense” probe to localize CB message in prostate samples obtained from radical prostatectomies. We have determined that CB is actively synthesized by the epithelia of normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic prostate including some invasive cells in the invasive edges. In both normal and BPH, CB mRNA was localized predominantly in acinar basal cells with some localization in cuboidal/columnar cells. In contrast, in neoplastic prostate, CB mRNA was localized predominantly in columnar cells and in groups of invasive cells and invasive edges. Thus, in malignant prostate the predominant cell types expressing CB differed from those of the normal prostate and BPH. Analysis of CB mRNA localizations indicated a heterogeneity in staining distribution in prostate cancer with some invasive groups of cells and invasive edges exhibiting CB mRNA and others exhibiting little or no reaction products. Using CB as a marker, we have been able to define invasive edges and invasive cells which may be actively involved in tumor progression. The potential ability to distinguish between malignant and nonmalignant foci and edges via localization of CB within the prostatic extracellular matrix may improve diagnosis and treatment of some higher grade tumor patients. This is especially important since histologic differentiation patterns of moderately to poorly differentiated human prostatic adenocarcinoma often do not differentiate between malignant and nonmalignant foci and edges in predicting aggressive behavior and course of the disease in patients. This is the first localization of cathepsin B mRNA in human prostate and its tumors. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proliferative and structural differences between male and female mouse submandibular glands
Authors: Chai Yang , Klauser Donna K. , Denny Patricia A. , Denny Paul C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSexual dimorphism has been observed in salivary glands of many species. In this study, evidence for sexual differences in adult mouse submandibular gland is extended beyond parenchymal cell composition, size, and volumes to include patterns of DNA synthesis and complexity of ductal branching. Computer‐assisted three‐dimensional reconstructions also revealed differences in overall organization of secretory complexes. Consistent with observations by others, granular intercalated duct cells were absent, while striated granular duct cells were low in proportion in the male glands relative to female glands. When the mean of average cell volumes were compared, acinar (AC) cells were smaller than granular duct (GD) cells in the male, but in the female the reverse was true. Furthermore, in addition to differences in average volumes of GD cells, the average volume of AC cells was significantly greater in females than males. The most dramatic evidence for sexual dimorphism was observed following a 90‐min labeling with 3H‐thymidine. Though all cell types showed DNA replication activity, the intercalated duct (ID) cells were substantially more active than AC and GD cells in the female, while in the maléeA the GD cells, ID cells, and AC cells all showed approximately equal activity. Three‐dimensional reconstructions indicated that the female possessed a more highly branched intercalated duct system and that the GD usually terminated within a secretory complex, whereas in males the GD typically passes through a secretory complex and forms a prominent cap‐like structure on the opposite side. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eosinophilic granulopoiesis in human fetal liver
Authors: Sohn Dong‐Suep , Kim Kyung‐Yong , Lee Won‐Bok , Kim Dong‐Chang 
Published: February 2005

AbstractEosinophilic granulopoiesis was investigated in human fetal liver during intrauterine life from 5 to 34 weeks of gestation. Eosinophilic granulocytes were observable for the first time at 5 weeks in the hepatic laminae and were frequently found in the late embryonic period around the large vessels and in the mesenchyme adjacent to the liver. Eosinophilic granulopoiesis increased gradually in the hepatic laminae (P < 0.01) after 20 weeks of gestation and in the portal areas (P < 0.05) after 16 weeks of gestation. The proportions of each cellular differentiation stage were relatively constant during fetal life, but a greater number of mature eosinophils were observed in the portal areas. Eosinophilic granulopoiesis was evident in all the hepatic tissue components, but developed more actively in portal areas than in hepatic laminae during intrauterine life. Eosinophilic granulopoiesis preceded both erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis in the human embryonic liver. Although the latter two occurred mainly in the hepatic laminae, eosinophilic granulopoiesis developed more actively in the portal areas, where it exhibited increasing activity along with the development of the component cells. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intercellular communication within the rat anterior pituitary gland: V. Changes in cell‐to‐cell communications as a function of the timing of castration in male rats
Authors: Nishizono Hisanori , Soji Tsuyoshi , Herbert Damon C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCell‐to‐cell communication by gap junctions was investigated in the male rat anterior pituitary gland following several experimental regimens involving castration. The regimens included the following animals: (1) Group 1, castrated at 10‐day intervals from day 10 to 50 and sacrificed at 60 days of age; (2) Group 2, castrated every 10 days from days 10 to 50 and sacrificed 50 days after castration; (3) Group 3, castrated at 5 days of age and sacrificed every 10 days from day 10 to 60; or (4) Group 4, remained intact and sacrificed every 10 days from days 10 to 60. In all of the castrated animals, numerous so‐called castration cells were scattered throughout the pars distalis of the pituitary gland, with occasional “signet ring cells” being observed. In Groups 1 and 2, the pattern of gap junction development and their number was no different from the intact control (Group 4). In contrast, the number of gap junctions in the animals castrated on day 5 remained very small even into adulthood. These data demonstrate that gonadal steroids are important in the intial development of gap junctions within the pituitary gland but are not necessary to sustain their presence once an animal becomes an adult. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.