bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Other Miscellaneous Syndromes
Authors: Gorlin Robert J , Cohen M Michael , Hennekam Raoul C M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Halal et al (3) reported two French-Canadian female sibs whose parents were consanguineous. Both exhibited severe split hand and foot malformations, renal (polycystic kidneys, renal agenesis, and absent ureters) and genital (septate uterus, unicornuate uterus, and single tube) abnormalities, and very severe micrognathia (Fig. 29–1). Although split hand and foot occurs in the classic acro-renal syndrome, no patient has had micrognathia as severe as that observed in Halal’s patients. Moreover, all known instances of acro-renal syndrome have been isolated males with no history of parental consanguinity. They have had unilateral renal agenesis, crossed renal ectopy, hypospadias, and/or cryptorchidism. The female reported by Fitch and Lachance (2) did not have micrognathia. The three sibs described by Evans et al (1) were more severely affected. Hennekam et al (4) also noted sibs with a similar phenotype.
Directional Solidification of Eutectic Ceramics
Authors: Sayir Ali 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two major problems associated with structural ceramics are lack of damage tolerance and insufficient strength and creep resistance at the very high temperatures of interest for aerospace application. Driven by the need to produce high strength/high temperature structural ceramics, nanometer scale mixing of powders is currently being used. When the scale of chemical homogeneity is at the atomic level (i.e., monophasic precursors), new reaction paths to process high strength monolithic ceramics become possible.’ High strength monolithic ceramics can be produced cost effectively but the very small grain size limits high temperature creep resistance. Problems associated with monolithic polycrystalline ceramics, i.e., lack of toughness and insufficient creep resistance, can be overcome through development of man-made composites.
The Counselee in a Social Context
Authors: Weil Jon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Family issues are inherent in genetic counseling. Even with a single counselee, the process of eliciting and evaluating the pedigree brings family is sues into the session, as do considerations of why the individual is attending genetic counseling alone. When multiple family members are present, family issues and dynamics are, to greater or lesser extent, expressed and enacted in the session. Beyond the counseling session, families play a crucial role in counselees’ responses to genetic counseling, their approach to and degree of success in coping with the genetic counseling situation, and the process and out come of decision making.
Several concepts are basic to understanding the family. The family is a social system in which the individual’s behaviors and emotions influence and are influenced by other family members in a reciprocal, ongoing manner. These interactions are guided by a set of transactional rules that are largely unconscious and thus “invisible” to the family members. The rules include those governing power relations within the family, expectations of support and nurturance, and deeply embedded expectations and prohibitions concerning communication patterns and expression of emotions. These rules are in part socially determined and in part the outcome of the family’s individual history and evolution. The family is also influenced by outside individuals, institutions, and events.
William Ellery Channing, “Likeness to God” (1828)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
WILLIAM ELLERY CHANNING (1780-1842) was the most famous Unitarian preacher of the day, and one of the major spokespersons for denominational matters and public polity. In 1819, his sermon “Unitarian Christianity” helped name the movement. His Seif-Culture (1838) was one of the documents used by the Transcendentalists in the formation of their concept of self realization, and Slavery (1835) was one of the earliest attacks on that institution by the church establishment. “Likeness to God” distinguished between the Deist and Calvinist Gods that were so remote from humankind, and the potential for godliness that existed for the new generation. In a sense, the Transcendentalists were merely extending Channing’s ideas when they called for human perfectibility; and the backlash from their seniors was all the more puzzling for that reason.
Sampson Reed: “Genius” (1821)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The world was always busy; the human heart has always had love of some kind; there has always been fire on the earth. There is something in the inmost principles of an individual, when he begins to exist, which argues him onward; there is something in the centre of the character of a nation, to which the people aspire; there is something which gives activity to the mind in all ages, countries, and worlds. This principle of activity is love: it may be the love of good or of evil; it may manifest itself in saving life or in killing; but it is love.
Ralph Waldo Emerson: Sermon CLXII [“The Lord’s Supper”) (9 September 1832)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the history of the Church no subject has been more fruitful of controversy than the Lord’s Supper. There never has been any unanimity in the understanding of its nature nor any uniformity in the mode of celebrating it. Without considering the frivolous questions which have been hotly debated as to the posture in which men should partake or whether mixed or unmixed wine should be served, whether leavened or unleavened bread should be broken, the questions have been settled differently in every church, who should be admitted to partake, and how often it should be prepared. In the Catholic Church once infants were permitted and then forbidden to partake. Since the ninth Century, bread only is given to the laity and the cup is reserved to the priesthood. So as to the time. In the fourth Lateran Council it was decreed that every believer should communicate once in a year at Easter.
Frederic Henry Hedge: “Coleridge’s Literary Character” (March 1833)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is no writer of our times whose literary rank appears so ill defined as that of Mr. Coleridge. Perhaps there is no one whose true standing in the literary world it is so difficult to determine. For ourselves we know not a more doubtful problem in criticism than this author and his works present. If it were lawful to judge men by what they are, rather than by what they have done, by the evidence they give of what they might accomplish, rather than by the value of that which they have accomplished, few would stand higher than Mr. Coleridge. His talents and acquirements, the original powers, and the exceeding rich cultivation of his mind, place him among the foremost of this generation. But this method of estimating a man’s merit will hardly be thought righteous judgment in an age which is peculiarly prone to try every man by his works. Tried by his works, Mr. Coleridge, we fear, must ultimately fall, not only below the rank which nature and education had fitted him to maintain, but even below that which he now actually holds in the estimation of literary men.
Andrews Norton, “Letter to the Editor” (5 November 1836)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
ANDREWS NORTON (1786-1853), professor at the Harvard Divinity School, was so influential that he was often called the “Unitarian Pope.” He devoted his life to a Lockean examination of biblical texts, attempting to prove the truthfulness of the Bible through historical research, retiring from teaching in 1830 to apply himself to completing a three-volume study of Evidences of the Genuineness of the Gospels (1837–1844). The Higher Criticism of Germany was anathema to him because it demoted the Bible from divine text to mere literature.
Ralph Waldo Emerson, “The American Scholar” (1837)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
EMERSON’S SEVENTY-FIVE-MINUTE address was called by Oliver Wendell Holmes America’s “intellectual Declaration of Independence.” Under the guise of delivering a traditional commencement address, Emerson enters what was to many the finest university in the land, in the greatest city in the land, and says to the best members of the graduating class that they should have spent their time more wisely. He warns about such dangers as industrialization (the “iron lids” covering the eyes of “the sluggard intellect”), “our long apprenticeship to the learning of other lands,” and the misuse of books (“Books are for the scholar’s idle times”). To combat these, he proposes the “AMERICAN SCHOLAR,” or “Man Thinking,” who will not be encumbered by what has gone before, who will be guided by “self-trust,” and who will rely upon Nature as an influence. Rather than complimenting Harvard for educating these young men, Emerson looks elsewhere for “signs of the coming days”: the rise of British Romanticism, as seen in the new interest in “the near, the low, the common”; Emanuel Swedenborg’s philosophy; and “the new importance given to the single person.” To Emerson, “We have listened too long to the courtly muses of Europe.
Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Letter to Martin Van Buren” (14 May 1838)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
EMERSON DISLIKED PUBLIC confrontations, but the government’s removal of the Cherokee Indians from their lands in Georgia to Mississippi lit a spark in him. He appeared at a public meeting in Concord, though his wife noted that he “very unwillingly takes part in public movements like that of yesterday preferring individual action.” Emerson himself described such scenes as being “like dead cats around one’s neck,” calling the letter “hated of me.” Yet in a letter to a friend, he explained his reasons for involving himself in public affairs that were uncongenial to him: “I hate myself when I go out of my sphere, but a man must have bowels sometimes & there was a moment when to my ignorance of what was doing, our people seemed dead asleepupon this black proceeding.” Emerson’s Transcendentalism did indeed have a political, as well as an individualistic, side.
Andrews Norton, “The New School in Literature and Religion” (27 August 1838)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a strange state of things existing about us in the literary and religious world, of which none of our larger periodicals has yet taken notice. It is the result of this restless craving for notoriety and excitement, which, in one way or another, is keeping our community in a perpetual stir. It has shown itself, we think, particularly since that foolish woman, Miss Martineau, was among us, and stimulated the vanity of her flatterers by loading them in return with the copper coin of her praise, which they easily believed was as good as gold. She was accustomed to talk about her mission, as if she were a special dispensation of Providence, and they too thought that they must all have their missions, and began to “vaticinate,” as one of their number has expressed it.
[George Ripley?] Prospectus for The Dial: A Magazine for Literature, Philosophy, and Religion (July 1840)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE DIAL was a quarterly journal published in Boston from July 1840 through April 1844; was edited by Emerson, Fuller, and—for one issue— Henry David Thoreau; and was published by Elizabeth Palmer Peabody for one year. George Ripley served for a while as business manager. With a far shorter life than most of the major periodicals of its day—such as the Christian Examiner and North American ReviewI—it has come down to the present as far more influential because of the authors and articles published in it.
George Ripley, letter to Emerson (9 November 1840), and Emerson, letter to Ripley (15 December 1840)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
WRITERS ON THE Transcendentalist movement have debated how the participants saw their connection to society at the time when they were pronouncing on the sanctity of the individual, a discussion that had been initiated by the participants themselves. Modern scholars have rightly pointed out that radical individualism did not keep people like Emerson from participating in clubs or conversations, nor did it restrain him from the social process of conveying his message through lectures and print. Contemporaries such as Orestes Brownson, though, disparaged the idea that nurturing the individual would change the social world. At the heart of the controversy was the question: “Which comes first, a just and honorable society or a good and moral people?” Put another way, this chicken-and-egg question forces a decision about whether a just society, with just laws, can change its populace for the better, or whether people must be reformed before they can enact fair and just laws. Emerson clearly comes down in favor of the latter point.
Sophia Ripley, “Woman” (January 1841)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
SOPHIA WILLARD DANA RIPLEY (1803-1861) came from a prominent Boston family. After marrying George Ripley in 1827, she became involved in her husband’s reform activities and made them her own; and when Brook Farm was founded later in 1841, it was very much a collaborative effort. This piece, which was published in the January 1841 Dial, grew out of a paper she had written earlier for one of Fuller’s conversations (which is printed above).
Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance” (1841)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
EMERSON’S GREAT WORK on individualism was published Essays (lacer titled Essays: First Series after he published Essays: Second Series in 1844). Modern readers are unable to approach chis essay with the thrill of discovery that contemporary readers did because so many passages are in our collective vocabulary. Phrases such as “A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds” are not only well-known today, thus deadening their impact, but they are often known outside of their original context; for example, Emerson is not complaining about consistency, but about being consistent only for the sake of being consistent (that is, foolishly). Typical of Emerson’s aphoristic style, “Self-Reliance” proceeds more by an accretion of sayings and building up of concepts than it does through a traditional linear development in which the author sets forth the path for the reader to follow, almost as if he is trying to force the reader to be self-reliant in order to successfully read about selfrealization. To his contemporaries, beginning to be immersed as they were in the individualism of British Romanticism and Jacksonian politics, this essay crystallized many diffuse ideas and feelings into a single work.
Henry David Thoreau, “A Winter Walk” (October 1843)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
HENRY DAVID THOREAU (1817– 1862), although now considered along with Emerson and Fuller as one of the three major writers of the Transcendentalist movement, was a young unpublished writer when the movement began. The majority of his publications during the main Transcendental period were in the Dial, and most of those were published after Fuller, who generally was unimpressed with his writing, was no longer editor. The Thoreau of the early 1840s was, in shore, far from the canonical author he is today, and most of his writings were book reviews disguised as essays, scholarly discussions, translations, and nature writings. “A Winter Walk” shows the master stylist of Walden in his impressive apprentice period.
Brood Farm Association for Industry and “Education from Constitution of the Brook Farm Association for Industry and Education, West Roxbury, Mass. With an Introductory Statement. Second Edition, with the By-Laws of the Association (1844)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
PUBLISHED JUST NINE MONTHS after the firs Constitution, this one contains an introduction that updates the farm’s activities and adds by-laws (here omitted) to the earlier work.
George Ripley, Prospectus and “Introductory Notice” for the Harbinger (14 June 1845)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE Harbinger (1845 – 1849), published at Brook Farm (and later in New York), became a major organ for Associationism and Fourierism in America. At times it seemed as if Brook Farm had lost its autonomy and become just one more communitarian society within the larger movement. Although the paper did publish literary works, reviews, and translations — as well as the music criticism of John Sullivan Dwight — the Harbinger was, first and foremost, a reformist journal, and one that did not outlive by long Brook Farm itself.
Margaret Fuller, “The Wrongs of American Women. The Duty of American Women” (30 September 1845)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The same day brought us a copy of Mr. Burdett’s little book, in which the sufferings and difficulties that beset the large class of women who must earn their subsistence in a city like New-York are delineated with so much simplicity, feeling and exact adherence to the facts-and a printed circular containing proposals for immediate practical adoption of the plan more fully described in a book published some weeks since under the title “The Duty of American Women to their Country,” which was ascribed alternately to Mrs. Stone and Miss Catherine Beecher, but of which we understand both those ladies decline the responsibility. The two matters seemed linked with one another by natural piety. Full acquaintance with the wrong must call forth all manner of inventions for its redress.
Henry David Thoreau, “Slavery in Massachusetts” (4 July 1854)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THOREAU’S RESPONSE TO the state’s support of slavery was delivered at an “anti-slavery celebration” on the Fourth of July and printed in the leading abolitionist newspaper, the Liberator, edited by the fiery William Lloyd Garrison. If nothing else, this address shows how far Transcendentalist rhetoric had come in the last decade over the issue of what must come first, changing the laws so that they are fair or reforming people so that they may make just laws. Thoreau’s statement that the “law will never make men free; it is men who have to make the law free” is in sharp contrast to the belief in social progress shown by the Brook Farmers.
Theodore Parker, from Theodore Parker’s Experience as a Minister (1859)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
PARKER WAS perennially beset by illness, and in 1859 his tuberculosis had worsened to the point that in January he began an enforced trip abroad for his health. This letter (which was published as a book) was written home to his congregation as Parker’s attempt to look back over his life and the events in which he had participated. Parker died in Florence, Italy, on IO May 1860.
Natural Selection: God’s Choice
Authors: Hardin Garrett 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the development of population theory, the issues of evolution and selection-both natural and social-come up repeatedly. To make sure that we are approaching a question with the right tools, we must first be clear about the difference between scientific and historical inquiries. A model scientific question is this: “Is there a gravitational attraction between two massive bodies in space? ” If at any time in the future someone doubts our answer, he or she can test it anew. Again and again, if necessary.
A Martian View of Malthus
Authors: Hardin Garrett 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I suppose I must have been fatigued by the effort of trying to pull my head out of the comforting sands of the One World delusion. Like many of my contemporaries, I had first adopted that posture during my high school days. Belief in an inevitable evolution toward a universal sovereignty was a noble fatalism of my generation, unsullied as it was by experience. Now I found that my Martian friend, the great disseminater of objectivity, had entered the room. Without giving me time to muster my defenses, he berated me.
Summary: Can Our Ostriches Find the Will?
Authors: Hardin Garrett 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My plane was late getting to the New Jersey airport, so I missed my connection to California. A bad miss: now I had to wait several hours before I could catch a night flight. Having nothing else to do, I wandered into a snack bar and ordered a cup of soup. Dismally lit, the room was almost empty. I took a stool next to two sturdy young men who looked like stevedores. (There was a marine port nearby.) I am an incurable eaves­ dropper; it wasn’t long before the conversation convinced me that I had guessed the occupation of the men correctly. Once again I was amazed at how uninhibited many Americans are in discussing private matters in public.
Pelléas Revealed: The Original Ending of Bartók’s Opera, Duke Bluebeard’s Castle
Authors: Leafstedt Carl S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Duke Bluebeard’s Castle, one of the most significant operas of the early twentieth century, traveled a long, eventful path from the time of its conception in 1911 to its eventual publication in 1921. The opera dates from the early years of Bartók’s mature composing career. It was an important milestone in his musical development, for with this work he successfully amalgamated harmonic and stylistic elements of Hungarian folk music within the context of his own personal style for the first time on a larger scale. Set to paper in 1911, Bluebeard would not be performed until May 24, 1918, seven years later, when the Royal Opera House in Budapest staged the premiere production on a double bill with the composer’s ballet The Wooden Prince. Music historians have long been aware of the circumstances of the opera’s composition and reasons for its belated premiere.
Moral Uncertainty and its Consequences
Authors: Lockhart Ted 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We are often uncertain how to behave morally in complex situations. In this controversial study, Ted Lockhart contends that moral philosophy has failed to address how we make such moral decisions. Adapting decision theory to the task of decision-making under moral uncertainly, he proposes that we should not always act how we feel we ought to act, and that sometimes we should act against what we feel to be morally right. Lockhart also discusses abortion extensively and proposes new ways to deal with the ethical and moral issues which surround it.
Introduction
Authors: Cook John W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Moral relativism, sometimes called “cultural relativism,” is a philosophical doctrine about the nature of morality. Yet the principal proponents of this doctrine have been anthropologists rather than philosophers. They claim that their studies of various cultures have enabled them to show that morality is relative to each culture, which implies, among other things, that we cannot rightly pass moral judgment on members of other cultures except by their own cultural standards, which may differ from ours.
On Events in Linguistic Semantics
Authors: Higginbotham James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is no doubt that reference to events and states is a pervasive feature of human thought and language. How is such reference made available through the syntactic and lexical resources of human speech, and what is the nature of the objects referred to? In this chapter I defend and elaborate one view on these questions, derived ultimately from Davidson (1967) but subsequently developed and extended by a number of researchers. The elaboration leads to a number of interconnected points that I believe deserve further study.