bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trajectory of body mass index and obesity in children with Crohn's disease compared to healthy children
Authors: Mitchel Elana B. , Huang Jing , Zemel Babette , Baldassano Robert , Albenberg Lindsey , Denburg Michelle 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing recognition that children with Crohn's Disease (CD) can develop obesity.MethodsUsing the RISK Study, an inception cohort of pediatric CD participants, and Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (BMDCS), a longitudinal cohort of healthy children, multivariable linear mixed effects, generalized linear mixed effects, and logistic regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with change in body mass index z‐score (BMIZ), obesity, and excessive weight gain, respectively.Results1029 CD participants (625 exposed to antitumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) therapy) and 1880 healthy children were included. Change in BMIZ was higher in CD exposed to anti‐TNF as compared to CD unexposed to anti‐TNF and the healthy reference group. Sex, age, baseline BMIZ, C‐reactive protein, anti‐TNF, and steroids were associated with changes in BMIZ in CD. CD exposed (odds ratio [OR] 4.81, confidence interval [CI] 4.00–5.78) and unexposed (OR 3.14, CI 2.62–3.76) had a greater likelihood of becoming obese versus the healthy reference group. While the prevalence of obesity was higher at baseline in the healthy reference group (21.3%) versus CD participants (8.5% exposed vs. 11.1% unexposed), rates of obesity were similar by the end of follow‐up (21.4% healthy vs. 20.3% exposed vs. 22.5% unexposed). Anti‐TNF therapy was an independent risk factor for the development of obesity and excessive weight gain in CD participants.ConclusionsPatients with CD have dynamic changes in BMIZ over time, and while for most, this is restorative, for some, this can lead to obesity and excessive weight gain. It is important to understand the factors that may lead to these changes, including anti‐TNF therapy. Counseling of patients and early lifestyle intervention may be necessary.
Identifying risk factors of anti‐TNF induced skin lesions and other adverse events in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: van Hoeve Karen , Thomas Debby , Hillary Tom , Hoffman Ilse , Dreesen Erwin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesWhile higher infliximab (IFX) trough concentrations (TCs) are associated with better outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), they could pose a risk for adverse events (AEs), including IFX‐induced skin lesions. Therefore, we studied correlations between IFX TCs and occurrence of AEs in paediatric IBD patients.MethodsIn this single‐centre study, all children with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) receiving IFX maintenance therapy who underwent proactive drug monitoring between March 2015 and August 2022 were included. IFX doses/intervals/TCs and patient characteristics were systematically registered, as well as AEs and skin lesions appearance.ResultsA total of 109 patients (72 CD and 37 UC) contributed 2913 IFX TCs. During a median follow‐up of 3.0 [1.5–4.5] years, we observed 684 AEs in 101 patients and 49 skin lesions in 35 patients. There was no significant difference (p = .467) in median TCs between patients with and without skin lesions. However, higher median IFX doses were associated with an increased hazard rate of skin lesions [HR 1.084 (1.024–1.148), p = .005], in addition to female sex [2.210 (1.187–5.310), p = .016] and diagnosis of CD [1.695 (1.241–1.877), p = .011]. Considering IFX therapeutic TC cut‐offs of 5.0 and 9.0 µg/mL, there was no significant difference in AE rate (p = .749 and p = .833, respectively). Also, no significant association between IFX doses and AE rate (p = .159).ConclusionsIncreasing the IFX dose to achieve therapeutic TCs may not increase the overall risk of AEs in paediatric IBD patients. However, concerns arise regarding the risk of skin lesions, especially in female CD patients.
Budd‐Chiari syndrome in children: Radiological intervention and role of shear wave elastography in monitoring response
Authors: Samanta Arghya , Srivastava Anshu , Yadav Rajnikant , Kapoor Aditya , Ghosh Anindya , Mishra Prabhakar , Sen Sarma Moinak , Poddar Ujjal 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesRadiological intervention (RI) is the preferred treatment in children with Budd‐Chiari syndrome (BCS). We studied the comparative long‐term outcome of BCS children, with and without RI and utility of liver and splenic stiffness measurement (LSM, SSM) by 2‐dimensional shear wave elastography (2D‐SWE) in assessing response.MethodsSixty children (40 boys, median age 10.5 [6.5–15.25] years) with BCS (29 newly diagnosed, 31 follow‐up) were evaluated. LSM and SSM by 2D‐SWE and vascular patency were monitored pre‐ and postprocedure (≥ 6 months postprocedure) in those undergoing RI. Medical therapy without anticoagulation and monitoring was done in subjects without RI. The RI and no‐RI groups were compared.ResultsAscites (54,90%), hepatomegaly (56,93%) and prominent abdominal‐veins (42,70%), were the commonest features. The majority (46,78%) had isolated hepatic vein block. 44 (73%) cases underwent RI, while 16 (27%) were managed conservatively. Both groups were similar at baseline. Post‐RI subjects showed significant improvement in clinical findings, liver functions and portal hypertension. LSM [33 (32–34.5) to 19.2 (18–20.67) kPa] and SSM [54.5 (52.3–57.6) to 28.9 (27.6–30.25) kPa] showed a significant decline from baseline value over a follow‐up of 12 (6–13) months. Gradual reduction occurred in the LSM and SSM over 1–5 years, with near‐normal LSM [10.2 (9.2–11.5) kPa] and SSM [22.3 (20.5–24.3) kPa] values in patients (n‐16) with > 5 years follow‐up. Patients without RI showed worsening in LSM and SSM. Hepatopulmonary syndrome and hepatocellular carcinoma developed in 4 (8%) and 1 (1.7%) cases respectively.ConclusionRI leads to clinical recovery and reduction with near normalization of LSM and SSM over long‐term follow‐up in children with BCS. 2D‐SWE is a promising tool to monitor outcomes.
Comprehensive analyses of neurodevelopmental outcomes and quality of life of children with biliary atresia
Authors: Satomura Yoshinori , Tachibana Makiko , Yasuda Kie , Yamano Yuki , Inoue Taisuke , Fukui Miho , Onuma Shinsuke , Fukuoka Tomoya , Kimura Takeshi , Ueno Takehisa , Tachibana Masaya , Ozono Keiichi , Bessho Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo holistically evaluate neurodevelopmental outcomes and quality of life (QOL) of Japanese patients with biliary atresia (BA) and to investigate the factors associated with the outcomes.MethodsThis study enrolled patients with BA aged 5–18 years who visited Osaka University Hospital in 2021. Neurodevelopmental assessments were performed to evaluate intellectual ability, cognitive functions and adaptive skill levels. Furthermore, emotional and behavioral issues, characteristics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and QOL were concomitantly assessed in the same cohort. Biochemical and social factors associated with the results were examined.ResultsFifty‐three patients, with a median age of 11.2 years were included in the analyses. Patients with BA had a significantly lower Full‐Scale Intelligence Quotient or developmental quotient (FSIQ/DQ) score and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS) composite score than the general Japanese population. Household education level and short stature were associated with low and borderline FSIQ/DQ and VABS composite scores, respectively. Among patients with low and borderline FSIQ/DQ scores, those with average or high VABS composite scores received significantly less neuroeducational care than those with low and borderline VABS composite scores. Despite the low FSIQ/DQ and VABS composite scores, the total QOL scores were higher than those of the general population.ConclusionPatients with BA had intellectual and behavioral impairments. Notably, patients with intellectual impairments are overlooked and not followed up, especially if adaptive skills are maintained.
Faster discharge with lactated ringers than normal saline in first 72 h of acute pancreatitis: A multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Farrell Peter R. , DesPain Angelica W. , Farmer Peter , Farrell Leslie M. , Greenfield Bryan , Rogers Michael E. , Hornung Lindsey , Kim Esther , Pearman Ryan , Neway Beemnet , Thompson Tyler , Heubi James E. , Sehgal Sona , Ammoury Rana , Abu‐El‐Haija Maisam 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesData driven strategies for acute pancreatitis (AP) in pediatrics are limited; adult data suggests lactated ringers (LR) compared to normal saline (NS) resulted in favorable outcomes, but has not been studied in pediatrics. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of LR during the first 48 h of an AP episode compared with NS.Study DesignA multisite randomized controlled clinical trial, from 2015 to 2020 (Clinical Trials.gov NCT03242473). Patients were randomized to exclusively LR or NS for the first 48 h. Primary outcomes were serial C‐reactive protein (CRP) values. Secondary outcomes included other lab values, time to feeds, length of stay (LOS), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) development, and progression to severe AP (SAP).ResultsWe studied 76 patients (38 LR, 38 NS). CRP at 24 and 48 h were not significantly different between LR or NS group. Additionally, there were no differences in trends of BUN, amylase, lipase, SIRS status, or SAP development between the LR and NS group at 24 and 48 h. A higher proportion of LR patients (32%, 12/38) were discharged before 48 h compared to NS (13%, 5/38). The LR group had a significantly higher rate of discharge within the first 72 h compared to the NS group (p = 0.02).ConclusionThe use of LR was associated with a faster rate of discharge during the intervention period and in the first 72 h, but no other differences compared to NS. This reduction in length of hospitalization has significant implications for patients and healthcare costs.
Effect of oropharyngeal colostrum therapy on neonatal sepsis in preterm neonates: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Anne Rajendra Prasad , Kumar Jogender , Kumar Praveen , Meena Jitendra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVarious studies have shown that oropharyngeal colostrum application (OPCA) is beneficial to preterm neonates. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess whether OPCA reduces the incidence of culture‐proven neonatal sepsis in preterm neonates. Randomized controlled trials comparing OPCA with placebo or standard care in preterm neonates were included. Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, and CENTRAL were searched for studies published up to June 15, 2023. We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, version 2, for risk of bias assessment, the random‐effects model (RevMan 5.4) for meta‐analysis, and Gradepro software for assessing the certainty of evidence. Twenty‐one studies involving 2393 participants were included in this meta‐analysis. Four studies had a low risk of bias, whereas seven had a high risk. Oropharyngeal colostrum significantly reduced the incidence of culture‐proven sepsis (18 studies, 1990 neonates, risk ratio [RR]: 0.78, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.65, 0.94), mortality (18 studies, 2117 neonates, RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.90), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (17 studies, 1692 neonates, RR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.82), feeding intolerance episodes (four studies, 445 neonates, RR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.92), and the time to full enteral feeding (19 studies, 2142 neonates, mean difference: −2 to 21 days, 95% CI: −3.44, −0.99 days). There was no reduction in intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, ventilator‐associated pneumonia, neurodevelopmental abnormalities, hospital stay duration, time to full oral feeding, weight at discharge, pneumonia, and duration of antibiotic therapy. The certainty of the evidence was high for the outcomes of culture‐positive sepsis and mortality, moderate for NEC, low for time to full enteral feeding, and very low for feeding intolerance. OPCA reduces culture‐positive sepsis and mortality (high certainty), NEC (moderate certainty), and time to full enteral feeding (low certainty) in preterm neonates. However, scarcity of data from extremely premature infants limits the generalizability of these results to this population.
Microbial biosurfactant based nanoemulsions and their applications: A review
Authors: Yoosuf Subi , Nambiar Prajith 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNanoemulsions exhibit a wide range of practical applications owing to their smaller particle size, stability, and enhanced bioavailability. Conventional surfactants widely used in nanoemulsion formulations namely, polysorbate 80, macrogolglycerol ricinoleate, and 4‐octylphenol polyethoxylate have been associated with anaphylactoid responses, alterations in normal flora, cytotoxicity and tissue damage. The use of less toxic, environment‐friendly microbial biosurfactants in the formulation of nanoemulsions have been demonstrated to manifest stability, slow drug release, enhanced skin permeability, and bioactivity. The type and composition of mixed microbial biosurfactants used in nanoemulsions can decrease the droplet size and synergistically increase the stability. Moreover, a lower concentration of drug‐loaded surfactin‐based nanoemulsion synergistically inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells by 50% (IC50). The scope of the current review is to focus on the prospect of substituting conventional surfactants with biosurfactants obtained from microbial origin for nanoemulsion formulations. It also aims to draw attention to the paucity of research in the combinatorial study of biosurfactants and functional drugs used in nanoemulsions. The review emphasizes the bioactivity of microbial biosurfactant‐based nanoemulsions and their applications in diverse sectors. The differences in emulsion stability and size of microbial biosurfactant and conventional surfactant‐based nanoemulsions have been highlighted. The study intends to promote comparative research between nanoemulsions prepared using conventional surfactants and microbial biosurfactants.
Angiosarcoma of the scalp successfully treated with Nivolumab—A case report
Authors: Coltoiu Casandra A. , Piroth Marie , Bonnelye Julia , Zimmermann Ute , Quereux Gaëlle 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAngiosarcomas are rare, aggressive tumours with a propensity for the head and neck region. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment of localised angiosarcoma, but in unresectable or metastatic disease, the treatment is much more challenging. Traditionally, chemotherapy (Paclitaxel in particular) has been the treatment of choice. Evidence from case reports and small trials shows that PD1 inhibitors have activity against angiosarcomas, despite the lack of a large clinical trial data demonstrating definitive efficacy. The present case exemplifies the susceptibility of this malignancy to anti‐PD1 agents. We report a 77‐year‐old male patient with an advanced, multifocal angiosarcoma of the frontotemporal and malar region. The patient was pretreated using the association of Propranolol and Endoxan and then Paclitaxel. Because of the lack of efficacy, the patient was started on Nivolumab as the third line of therapy. After five cycles of immunotherapy, an excellent response was achieved, with complete remission of the cutaneous lesions as well as a partial remission of the hepatic nodules. The duration of response is currently 14 months, the patient being still alive at the present time. This case suggests that immune checkpoint inhibitors may represent a viable therapeutic option that needs further exploration for the treatment of locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic cases of cutaneous angiosarcoma.
Trends and Frequencies of Antibiotic Prescriptions for Acute Sinusitis Outpatient Visits in Adults
Authors: Jin Vivian , Chiu Richard , Patel Manish , Zhu Amy , Perez Brandon , Lee Victoria 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to analyze the trends and frequency in which recommended first‐line therapy, amoxicillin with or without clavulanate, was prescribed for acute sinusitis based on current otolaryngology and other gold standard guidelines, as well as analyze differences in prescription behaviors of otolaryngologists compared with non‐otolaryngologists for outpatient adult acute sinusitis visits.MethodsWeighted patient data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were analyzed to calculate visit rates and trends of antibiotic prescriptions for adults diagnosed with acute sinusitis from 2007 to 2019. Visits with multiple prescribed antibiotics or concomitant diagnoses requiring antibiotics were excluded. Each visit was classified based on the type of antibiotic prescribed.ResultsAcute sinusitis was diagnosed in 0.63% of all outpatient visits from 2007 to 2019 (95% confidence interval: 0.56%–0.71%). Amoxicillin had the greatest increase in prescription frequency (13.4%), whereas macrolides had the largest decrease in prescription frequency (13.9%). Among adult acute sinusitis outpatient visits in which antibiotics were prescribed, recommended first‐line antibiotic therapy of amoxicillin‐clavulanate or amoxicillin alone was prescribed in 40.4% of visits. The most common antibiotic prescribed was amoxicillin‐clavulanate at otolaryngologist visits (20.5%) and macrolides at non‐otolaryngologist visits (26.0%). A greater proportion of otolaryngologist visits resulted in no antibiotics prescribed for acute sinusitis (36.8% vs. 22.5%, p < 0.001).ConclusionOtolaryngologists engage in watchful waiting more than non‐otolaryngologists. Broader dissemination of existing guidelines for acute sinusitis treatment to non‐Otolaryngologist (ENT) primary care specialties that take care of acute sinusitis to improve antibiotic stewardship and appropriate antibiotic selection is needed.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:2622–2625, 2024
Minimally Invasive Management of Neonatal Piriform Fossa Sinus Tract: A Scoping Review
Authors: Tobia Amjad , Cherukupalli Abhiram , Liu Alice Q. , Chadha Neil K. 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveIn rare situations, neonates may present with respiratory distress and neck swelling from a piriform fossa sinus tract (PFST) lesion. Open surgical excision of PFST may be associated with higher complication rates, especially in neonates. Endoscopic treatment has been shown to have high success rates in older children, but neonatal outcomes appear to be less promising. The objective of this study was to review the existing literature on endoscopic treatment of PFST in neonates.Review MethodsPRISMA‐ScR guidelines for scoping reviews were employed. Medline and Embase databases were searched in accordance with a detailed search strategy. Nine studies met criteria for inclusion.ResultsA total of 21 neonates with PFST treated endoscopically were reviewed. Mean age at onset of symptoms was 11.6 days. Neck swelling was the most common presenting symptom (20/21, 95%), followed by respiratory distress (6/9, 66.6%). Success rate after initial endoscopic treatment was 57% (12/21); among those, seven patients required additional concurrent treatments such as neck/pharyngeal swelling decompression or sclerotherapy. Nine patients underwent a second intervention (43%) and three patients (14%) required three interventions. Notably, 90% of patients (19/21) achieved success with only minimally invasive approaches. Two patients underwent open salvage surgical excision after recurrence following initial endoscopic treatment.ConclusionNeonates with PFST and cystic neck masses are prone to recurrence after initial minimally invasive endoscopic treatment; however, high success rate may be achieved after repeat interventions. Adjunctive measures to optimize outcome may include swelling decompression w/wo sclerotherapy to cause fibrosis and postoperative nasogastric tube feeding.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:2585–2591, 2024
Yesterday's “lake” endures in its name—The etymology of lake names
Authors: Tranvik Lars 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe global language of limnology is English, but most of our study objects do not have English names. Here, I compare 57,000 lake names in a lake‐rich, non‐English speaking country, that is, Sweden, with a previous analysis of 83,000 lakes in the conterminous United States. The diversity of lake name appellations is strikingly different. In the United States, three different appellations (“lake,” “pond,” “reservoir”) apply to 96% of the lakes, whereas in Sweden to account for 93% of the lakes, 76 different appellations and suffixes were required. The etymology of the remaining largely idiosyncratic 4000 lake names is difficult to assess, and of ancient origin. In the United States, lake names with appellations in languages of non‐English European colonizers are rare and lakes that include words in indigenous languages almost exclusively also include an English appellation. Contrastingly, in regions of Sweden where Sami, Finnish, and Meänkieli are spoken, lake names are typically fully indigenous, including the appellation. The historical reasons for the differences are discussed. Examples of malpractice in the use of lake names in scientific papers are presented, and suggestions are made for how we better can achieve a good lake‐name practice.
High‐Gain Waveguide Amplifiers in Ge25Sb10S65Photonics Heterogeneous Integration with Erbium‐Doped Al2O3Thin Films
Authors: Wang Chunxu , Song Jingcui , Ao Zhaohuan , Yang Shuixian , Li Yan , Li Xueyang , Zhu Ning , Chen Qingming , Li Zhaohui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHigh‐efficiency optical waveguide amplifiers are becoming desperately desirable in integrated photonics to provide sufficient power compensations. Various material platforms have been employed to realize on‐chip waveguide amplifiers to date. Chalcogenide glasses (ChGs), as one of the well‐developed and promising optical platforms, have been extensively studied due to the excellent properties of low loss and high third‐order nonlinearity. However, the performances of their waveguide amplifiers are far from expectations on account of the intrinsic natures of low rare‐earth ion solubility, low luminous efficiency in chalcogenide hosts as well as the high photoinduced absorption loss in certain compounds. Here, a heterogeneous optical amplifier is proposed and demonstrated in an alternative Ge25Sb10S65(GeSbS) waveguide via integration with an erbium‐doped aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layer for the first time. A total 4.6 cm long spiral waveguide exhibits an internal net gain as high as 6.27 ± 0.618 dB at 1533 nm and a broad gain bandwidth over 40 nm ‐ ranging from 1520 nm to 1560 nm upon 1480 nm pumping. It is believed that this heterogeneous configuration will greatly enrich the functionality and versatility of the ChGs integrated photonics.