bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of some biocontrol and chemical treatments against Heterobasidion annosum on Norway spruce stumps
Authors: Nicolotti G. , Gonthier P. , Varese G. C. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe biocontrol agents Trichoderma harzianum, Verticillium bulbillosum, Hypholoma fasciculare, Phanerochaete velutina, Vuilleminiia comedens together with the chemical treatments propiconazole and the culture filtrate of V. bulbillosum were tested on Norway spruce stumps during 2 years in order to evaluate their effectiveness against Heterobasidion annosum. The results were compared, in 1 year, with the effectiveness of Phlebiopsis gigantea. All the treatments reduced H. annosum infections. The best results were obtained with P. velutina, propiconazole and with culture filtrates and conidial suspensions of V. bulbillosum.
Optimizing the management of a Picea abies stand under risk of butt rot
Authors: Möykkynen T. , Miina J. , Pukkala T. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA simulation model was developed to predict the growth of a Norway spruce stand under risk of butt rot caused by Heterobasidion annosum stump infection and logging injuries. The simulation model was distance‐dependent; tree growth was predicted with a distance‐dependent model, and the spread of butt rot through root contacts depended on tree location. Infection of stumps and injured trees, and the spread of butt rot in the stand were stochastic processes whereas tree growth and mortality were treated as deterministic processes. The simulation model was used with the nonlinear optimization algorithm of

ooke and J
eeves (J. Assoc. Comput. Mach, 8, 212–229, 1961)
to find the most profitable management schedule for an even‐aged, young stand. Optimization used four different stump infection rates and two spreading capacities from infected stumps. The profitability was evaluated by the expected soil expectation value (SEV) at a 3% interest rate. Two thinnings, both in winter‐time, and hence without H. annosum infections, resulted in the highest SEV. If any stump infection by H. annosum occurred, only one thinning and a shortened rotation were suggested. The optimal thinning rate tended to decrease but also large trees were removed with the increasing infection rate. With one thinning during a rotation, stump treatment was profitable above a stump infection rate of 10%
Sphaeropsis canker, a new disease of cypress in Greece
Authors: Xenopoulos S. , Tsopelas P. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe fungus Sphaeropsis sp. is reported for first time in Greece to cause cankers on Cupressus sempervirens. The cultural characteristics on PDA, spore shape and size and canker morphology were identical to those of the fungus described as Diplodia pinea f. sp. cupressi in Israel. The cankers of Sphaeropsis sp. are characterized by resin exudation, with fissuring of the bark over a dry sector of the wood. The pathogenicity of the Sphaeropsis sp. was proved by artificial inoculations on selected cypress clones resistant and susceptible to Seiridium cardinale. The mean canker length of the susceptible clone was significantly more than that of the resistant clones. It appears that the defence reaction in cypress against both fungi is similar. In artificial inoculations on Pinus halepensis and Pinus pinea, Sphaeropsis sp. was nonpathogenic. During a 3‐year period, in an experimental plot in western Peloponnese, the fungus spread from one, initially, to 13 cypress clones. Drought stress during the summer appears to be the main factor predisposing the cypress plants to become susceptible to the fungus.
Two independent double‐stranded RNA patterns occur in the Finnish Gremmeniella abietina var. abietina type A
Authors: TUOMIVIRTA T. T. , UOTILA A. , HANTULA J. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe occurrence of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) among isolates of Gremmeniella abietina var. abietina type A was studied. Nine out of the 17 isolates investigated contained dsRNA, but none of them was of ascospore origin. Two fairly different dsRNA patterns were found and they occurred independently of each other. The first was composed of a single approximately 6000 bp long dsRNA molecule. The second was a multisegmented dsRNA pattern composed of three dsRNA molecules with apparent sizes of 1800 1600 and 1200 bp, respectively. In pathogenicity experiments no major differences were observed between dsRNA‐containing and dsRNA‐free isolates.
Polymerase chain reaction primers for the detection of Ceratobasidium bicorne (uninucleate Rhizoctonia)
Authors: HANTULA J. , LILJA A. , VEIJALAINEN A.‐M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryAn uninucleate Rhizoctonia sp. causes a root dieback on Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings in forest nurseries. Primers specific to this pathogen were designed, and they yielded an amplification product from mycelial cultures only when uninucleate Rhizoctonia sp. was used as a template. Inoculated Norway spruce and Scots pine seedlings with visible symptoms gave a clear and reproducible band. The same band appeared also from Norway spruce seedlings growing in inoculated peat or compost but lacking conspicuous symptoms. One of the benefits of the DNA‐based test was its higher sensitivity compared with the traditional isolation. The results are also available more quickly.
Impact of phytoplasma infection of common alder (Alnus glutinosa) depends on strain virulence
Authors: Berges R. , Seemüller E. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn nature, only a minority of alder trees infected by the alder yellows phytoplasma develop symptoms. To elucidate the reason for this phenomenon, healthy alder seedlings were inoculated with scion wood from five infected but differently affected trees. The symptoms developed by the inoculated plants largely corresponded to disease severity of the inoculum sources. Inoculation with tissue from three of four severely affected trees resulted in severe disease of the recipient trees as expressed by reduced vigour, sparse foliage and little leaves. Inoculum from one of the severe sources caused milder symptoms. No symptoms were developed when the inoculum was collected from a vigorous, non‐symptomatic tree. From these results it can be concluded that the alder yellows phytoplasma is pathogenic to alder but that avirulent and low virulent strains do occur.
Shared humanity and the psychiatric nurse–patient encounter
Authors: Walsh Kenneth 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThe paper is based on a phenomenological study of the nurse–patient encounter, the purpose of which was to uncover meaning and generate understandings of being a psychiatric nurse. The study was informed by the phenomenology of Martin Heidegger (1962) and the philosophical hermeneutics of Hans‐Georg
Gadamer (1975). Drawing upon this phenomenological study it is my intention to discuss three of the existential elements to emerge from an interpretative analysis of these encounters; ‘Being‐with’ as understanding, ‘Being‐with’ as possibility, and ‘Being‐with’ as ‘care‐full’ concern. The paper also discusses two modes of being‐with patients; the modes of the ‘they’ nurse and the ‘self’ nurse. An underlying theme of shared humanity emerged from the study and had the effect of unifying the other concepts uncovered.
The case management practices of community mental health nurses: ‘Doing the best we can’
Authors: Muir‐Cochrane Eimear 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT:This paper reports findings from an investigation into the case management practices of a group of community mental health nurses in metropolitan South Australia. Such practices have received little attention in the Australian literature to date. These nurses collectively organized their clients into four informal groups in order to manage the demands of heavy workloads. The implications of these findings and recommendations for further evaluative investigations into the nature of case management practices are discussed.
The Patient Transit Assistance Scheme: A Consumer's Perspective
Authors: McGrath Pam , Seguerra Joel 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThis article presents findings from State‐wide research in Queensland on experiences with the Patient Transit Assistance Scheme (PTAS) from the point of view of patients with a haematological malignancy who travelled for specialist treatment. The findings indicate that the PTAS is of crucial importance to patients and their families and goes some way to buffering the financial hardship incurred from relocation. However, there are also strong indications that there is insufficient community awareness of the scheme, with the consequence that it is not appropriately accessed by those in need. The results confirm previous research that points to the hardship, both financial and emotional, associated with the experience of relocation for specialist treatment.
AN INTRODUCTION TO INDIGENOUS HEALTH AND CULTURE: THE FIRST TIER OF THE THREE TIERED PLAN
Authors: Sinnott Michael J. , Wittmann Barbara 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT:The objective of the present study was to prepare new doctors with an awareness of cultural and health issues to facilitate positive experiences with indigenous patients. The study incorporated the 1998 intern orientation programs in Queensland public hospitals. The study method included tier one of the Three Tiered Plan, which was implemented and audited. Indigenous liaison officers, directors of clinical training and medical education officers were surveyed prior to this implementation to determine whether any or similar initiatives had been carried out in previous years and/or were planned. Post‐implementation feedback from interns was obtained by using questionnaires. Follow‐up telephone interviews with the directors of clinical training, medical education officers and indigenous hospital liaison officers detailed the format and content of tier one at each hospital. The results indicate that this active intervention improved the implementation rate of tier one from nine of 19 (47%) Queensland public hospitals in 1997 to 17 (90%) in 1998. The 14 indigenous hospital liaison officers (100%) involved in the intervention perceived it as beneficial. Forty‐three (67%) of interns who responded to the survey indicated they had encountered an indigenous patient within the last 2–4 months. The level of knowledge of indigenous health and culture self‐reported by interns was between the categories ‘enough to get by’ and ‘inadequate’. In conclusion, it appears that tier one has been successful and is to be a formal component of intern orientations in Queensland public hospitals. Further initiatives in indigenous health and culture targeting medical staff (i.e. tier two and tier three), are needed.
FRACTURES OF THE FEMORAL NECK IN AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINALS AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDERS
Authors: Macintosh David J. , Pearson Belinda 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT:The objective was to study patients of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin who were admitted to Cairns Base Hospital with the diagnosis of femoral neck fracture. An analysis of all 232 admissions with this diagnosis between November 1997 and July 2000 was carried out. Information was gathered from data accumulated on the Clinical Pathways database; other local data was also considered. Patients registered as being of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin have a lower incidence of these fractures than might be expected on an overall population basis, but similar rates on age‐standardised data. The female age profile is substantially older than the female non‐indigenous osteoporotic fracture group. Indigenous females develop osteoporotic type fractures of the femoral neck at a later age than do non‐indigenous females. This may reflect a genetic difference in bone mineral density or a healthy lifestyle in earlier days. Further research is suggested.
Professional and social support networks of rural general practitioners
Authors: Joyce Catherine , Veitch Craig , Crossland Lisa 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT: This study explored the nature of rural general practitioners’ (GPs) professional and personal support networks. A qualitative design was employed, using in‐depth interviews with a diverse sample of GPs in rural Queensland. The support network of the rural GPs in this study incorporated the domains of clinical, workforce and social support, with clinical support as the most important domain. There was a preference for face‐to‐face contact wherever possible. Such contact was particularly important in the process of developing the network and for personal support. Despite this, many network contacts were by telephone out of necessity. There were few notable differences between male and female rural GPs on the issues explored in the present study. General Practitioners’ satisfaction with their professional interactions was varied across the sample. The findings suggest that level of satisfaction may be associated with intentions to leave or stay for this group.
Squamous cell carcinoma with necrotizing scleritis
Authors: (hons) Nancy Younan, Mb, Bs , Fraco Kathy McClellan 
Published: March 2003

Purpose: To report on a case of limbal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with necrotizing scleritis in a young, previously healthy, white Australian male. Methods: A 31‐year‐old man presented with a left limbal lesion intermittently causing a red eye and foreign body sensation. He had enjoyed surfing for many years. Repeat HIV tests were negative and the lesion was biopsied. Results: Biopsy showed a well‐differentiated SCC apparently arising in an intra‐epithelial (in situ) carcinoma of the conjunctiva. The lesion was excised and a corneoscleral graft repair was performed. Conclusion: The present case highlights the potential for a significant increase in the prevalence of ocular surface neoplasia in healthy young people who have had excessive UV‐B exposure.
Parental Satisfaction and Outcome: A 4-Year Study in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service
Authors: Rey Joseph M. , Plapp Jon M. , Simpson Paul L. 
Published: March 2003

Objective: The aim of this paper is to examine the facets of parental satisfaction and its relationship with clinician-rated outcome in a child and adolescent mental health service. Method: Patients (n = 1278) consecutively assessed between 1992 and 1996 were included in the study. When treatment ended, clinicians rated the outcome of the intervention and parents were asked to complete a satisfaction questionnaire. Results: Sixty-nine per cent of cases were rated by clinicians as having a positive outcome. Outpatients were more likely to be given a positive rating than inpatients. Satisfaction questionnaires were returned by 40% of parents; 76% of these were mostly or very satisfied. Satisfaction scores increased with the number of outpatient sessions attended but did not differ between inpatients and outpatients. There was a significant but small agreement (27% better than chance) between clinicians’ rating of outcome and parental satisfaction. Level of agreement varied according to service provided and the number of sessions attended. While rates of positive outcome increased over the study period, ratings of satisfaction were stable. Conclusions: Overall, ratings of satisfaction were comparable with those reported in other studies. Variations in concordance between parents and clinicians show that outcome and satisfaction, although related, are different constructs influenced by different factors depending on the services provided. Focusing on specific aspects of satisfaction, as opposed to global measures, may be more useful for services, although such undertakings must be supported with efforts to improve clinical outcomes.
Pre-Existing Antidepressant Medication and the Outcome of Group Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy
Authors: Oei Tian P. S. , Yeoh Alice E. O. 
Published: March 2003

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of pre-existing medication on the outcome of group cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) in the treatment of patients with depression. Method: Of the 71 patients diagnosed with major depression who participated in group CBT, 25 were on medication (CBT-M) and 46 were unmedicated (CBT). The patients received 12 sessions of group CBT over a 3-month period. The dependent measures used were the Beck Depression Inventory, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, Hopelessness Scale, Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, Daily Activity Rating Scale and Daily Mood Rating Scale. Results: Both the CBT and CBT-M groups showed statistically significant improvement in depression scores and cognitive process measures. However, the rate of improvement for both groups on these measures did not differ. Conclusion: The study indicated that pre-existing antidepressant medication did not enhance or detract from the positive treatment outcome of depressed patients receiving a group CBT treatment.
Fluvoxamine-Methadone Interaction
Authors: Alderman Christopher P. , Frith Peter A. 
Published: March 2003

Objective: The aim of this paper is to report a case of symptomatic methadone toxicity associated with fluvoxamine treatment. Clinical picture: A 28-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with severe hypoxaemia and hypercapnia indicating hypoventilation. Medication prior to admission had been stable and included methadone 70 mg daily and diazepam 2 mg twice daily. Three weeks before admission she had commenced treatment with fluvoxamine. Treatment: Methadone was decreased to 50 mg daily and diazepam was tapered to zero. Outcome: The serum methadone concentration decreased and oxygenation improved considerably. Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware of the potential for a significant drug interaction between fluvoxamine and methadone.
Whither Psychiatric Diagnosis
Authors: Frances Allen J. , Egger Helen Link 
Published: March 2003

Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe the development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), its purposes and limitations, and the psychiatric nosologies which may emerge from advances in psychiatric research and which may supersede the current classification system. Method: A review of the methodology used to develop DSM-IV, considered in the context of current and future psychiatric, neurobiological, and genetic research, was undertaken. Results: The DSM-IV is a descriptive nosology that has shaped psychiatric research and clinical practice by providing agreed-upon definitions of psychiatric disorders based on the current state of empirical data. Despite the critical importance of the DSM system of classification, this complex yet limited nosology will eventually be replaced by simpler, more incisive explanatory models of psychiatric illness that reflect the interplay of biological, psychological, environmental and social variables affecting the expression and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Conclusions: As we continue to understand the pathophysiology of brain disorders, as well as the biological effects of psychiatric interventions, we will be able to move from a descriptive model to an integrative, explanatory model of psychiatric illness.
Post-Ictal Psychosis: an Unusual Clinical Entity
Authors: Prendergast Joanna , Spira Paul , Schnieden Vivienne 
Published: March 2003

Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe a case of post-ictal psychosis (PIP) and to discuss the literature surrounding this interesting disorder. Clinical picture: A 32-year-old woman with epilepsy presented on three occasions with psychosis following tonic-clonic seizures. Treatment and outcome: The psychosis resolved within 14 days on haloperidol 7 mg daily. Conclusions: Post-ictal psychosis is an unusual clinical entity that is frequently recurrent and may be misdiagnosed and treated inappropriately. Prophylaxis of PIP is an area for important future research.
A Double-Blind, Multicentre Study to Assess the Tolerability and Efficacy of Paroxetine Compared with Amitriptyline in the Treatment of Depressed Patients in Australian General Practice
Authors: Freed Edgar , Goldney Robert , Lambert Timothy , Tiller John , Johnston Robyn 
Published: March 2003

Objective: This study compared the tolerability and efficacy of paroxetine and amitriptyline in the treatment of depression in general practice. Methods: In this double-blind, multicentre study conducted in the general practice, patients with depression (Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] score ≥ 20) who were regarded as requiring antidepressant therapy were randomly assigned to receive paroxetine (20 mg, n=184) or amitriptyline (50–100 mg, n=191) once daily for 9 weeks. Results: More patients completed treatment with paroxetine than with amitriptyline (71.1% vs 56.1%, p=0.009). Depression rating scores (MADRS and Clinical Global Impression [CGI]) were improved with both agents, but at week 9, paroxetine achieved more favourable scores compared with amitriptyline on MADRS (p=0.019), CGI severity of depression (p=0.044), and CGI efficacy index (p=0.038). Conclusions: Depressed patients treated in general practice respond more quickly and are more likely to complete the treatment regimen with paroxetine than with amitriptyline.
A Model for Clinical and Educational Psychiatric Service Delivery in Remote Communities
Authors: Owen Cathy , Tennant Christopher , Jessie Deslee , Jones Michael , Rutherford Valerie 
Published: March 2003

Objective: A model of intermittent psychiatric service provision to rural and remote New South Wales communities by metropolitan psychiatrists and mental health professionals has been evaluated. The services provided included peer support to lone mental health and generic health workers, direct psychiatric care to clients in their own environment and skills development education sessions to general health staff and other professionals affiliated with health care (e.g. police and ambulance officers). Method: There were 10 visits of teams made up of a psychiatrist and another mental health professional to six rural and remote locations. Outcomes of the services delivered were examined including clinical services and teaching skills training sessions. Indirect outcome measures included changes to Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme prescription patterns in areas serviced and data regarding transfer of clients for psychiatric care in regional centres. Difficulties in evaluation are discussed. Results: The feasibility of intermittent service provision was demonstrated. Education packages were well received and a positive change in workers' attitudes toward mental health practice was found. Conclusion: Intermittent psychiatric services in remote settings add value to health care delivery particularly when dovetailed with skills-based education sessions.