bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium manausense and Bradyrhizobium venae on the Elemental content of Cowpea Plant in Gypsum Soil
Authors: Altai Salahaldeen H. , Muhee Heba A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the spring season on 3/25/2022 in the fields of the University of Tikrit / College of Agriculture located in the research station of the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, with the aim of studying the effect of inoculation with Rhizobia bacteria and nitrogen fertilization on the growth and yield of cowpea in gypsum soil, conducted in a randomized complete block design. R. C. B. D With three replications, the experiment included two main factors: inoculation with rhizobium bacteria, and the second factor was nitrogen fertilization. The inoculation factor was three levels (A0 = no inoculation, A1 = inoculation with the first strain, Bradyrhizobium manausense, and A2 = inoculation with the second strain, Bradyrhizobium vignae), and the second factor was nitrogen fertilization. At three levels N0 and N1 = 40 kg / ha and N2 = 80 kg / ha, the process of isolation and development of Rhizobium bacteria was conducted on the optional medium (YEMA), and the two isolates were identified and recorded in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) by number Global OP740389 Bradyrhizobium vignae, as for the results of the field experiment, the inoculation treatment with root nodes bacteria Bradyrhizobium vignae was superior to the control treatment and even to the second strain Bradyrhizobium manausense in all studied traits of cowpea plant, and the percentage increase of the inoculation treatment with Bradyrhizobium vignae with 40 kg of nitrogen fertilizer was higher than The control treatment in the number of root nodes and their wet weight (1474.87, 267.101)%, respectively, and the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the vegetative part (61.300, 1.600, 7.102)%, respectively.
Response of some Growth Traits of Maize Plants to Conventional and Nano-Fertilizers
Authors: Mahdi Hawraa F. , Bhiah Karim M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Agricultural Research Station in the university city associated with the College of Agriculture at the University of Kufa undertook a fall 2022-2023 field experiment. The study examined the effects of zinc and iron nanoparticles at 2g.l-1 or 3g.l-1, conventional iron and zinc fertilizer at 3g.l-1, and distilled water on maize plant growth and development. A three-replication Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) factorial experiment was done. Nano-fertilization with nano-zinc at 3g.l-1 produced the best results across various vegetative development indicators. Plant height rate, stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll, nitrogen, and phosphorus content are these indicators. However, 3g.l-1 nano iron increased leaf area the highest, reaching 0.424 m2.plant-1. This treatment also produced the most rows per ear and the maximum leaf potassium concentration. In contrast, 1.5 g.L-1 traditional zinc and 1.5 gm.L-1 conventional iron fertilizer produced better vegetative growth and production. These included plant height, average stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll, and leaf elements (NPK). Additionally, 3 g.L-1 conventional iron produced the maximum leaf area. Overall, the 1.5 g.L-1 nano-zinc and 1.5 g.L-1 nano-iron fertilizer combination had higher vegetative growth rates than other combinations. However, the combination of 1 g.L-1 nano-iron and 1.5 g.L-1 nano-zinc had the maximum leaf area and potassium concentration.
The Effect of Diesel Fuel Additives on the Exhaust Gases of Agricultural Tractors During Plowing
Authors: Awwad Ali A. , Hilal Yousif Y. , Rajab Raqeeb H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The research aims to study the effect of the fuel type, plow types, and engine speeds on carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and oxygen (O2) gases. The field experiments were conducted on an experimental farm in Al-Hamdaniya, Nineveh, Iraq. The investigation was factorial, using a Randomized Complete Block Design with Split –Split plot Design. The three types of fuel were placed in the main plot, the plow types in the secondary split plot, and the speed engine in the Split –Split action. The results showed significant differences between the fuel, plows, and engine speeds in most studied traits. There were no significant differences in the interaction between the plow types and the engine’s speed regarding CO emissions at the two levels. Still, the rate at 1000 rpm recorded the lowest emission value. At the two levels (the level of the exhaust nozzle - the status of the tractor driver’s seat), it amounted to 39.833-18.767 ppm, respectively. Moreover, the highest reading of H2S gas emissions was recorded with diesel without added fuel and the moldboard plow. Finally, the results showed no significant difference, as diesel fuel with super additives from Manol and an engine speed of 2000 rpm recorded the lowest emission rate for the emission rate of O2 gas, amounting to 20.550%.
The Effect of Different Ratios of Internal Organs, Dried Artemia and Frozen Artemia on the Growth Rates of Common Carp Fish
Authors: Al-Kubaisi Harith Mohammed Nasser , Al-Obaidi Tugreed Sadiq Mohsen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A total of 140 fish with an average weight of 35±2 grams were used and reared for a period of 70 days. The fish were randomly distributed into seven treatments, which included the addition of dried Artemia to the second, third, and fourth treatments at a ratio of 50% of fishmeal. The internal organs powder of the fish was added to the third and fourth treatments at a ratio of 25% and 50% of fishmeal respectively. Frozen Artemia was added to the fifth, sixth, and seventh treatments at a ratio of 50% of fishmeal, and the internal organs powder of the fish was added to the sixth and seventh treatments at a ratio of 25% and 50% of fishmeal respectively. The results showed that the arithmetic mean of the sixth treatment was superior to all other treatments, reaching 82.80 grams/fish. This treatment included the addition of 50% frozen Artemia, 25% fish powder, and 25% internal organs powder. Furthermore, the results showed that the lowest weight gain rate for the fish was in the fourth treatment (51.40 grams/fish), which included the addition of 50% dried Artemia and 50% internal organs powder to the common carp fish feed. In conclusion, the addition of frozen Artemia at a ratio of 50% of fishmeal, enhanced with 25% internal organs powder, was found to be the best among the treatments in terms of growth criteria.
The Effect of Power Sources in the Agricultural Tractor and the Developed Sprayer System on the Performance of the Electrical and Mechanical Sprayer System and some Performance Indicators of the Engine
Authors: Al-Taie Haider Ali Hussein , Kadhim Naseer S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of the sprayer type according to the source of power and the size of the spray nozzle concerning the quality of the spray produced and fuel consumption.Two types of sprayers were used: a conventional boom sprayer (S1) and a modified (electrified) boom sprayer (S2), along with three sizes of the XR TeeJet 110 spray nozzle (N). The following technical performance indicators were examined: Density of coverage (drops/cm2) using ImageJ software, a 600dpi business card scanner, specifically the ScanShell 800N by CSSN, Inc, and water-sensitive paper (WSP), rate of spray nozzles discharge (ml/min), and fuel consumption (liters/hectare) using a calibrated cylinder, and the percentage of weed control by sampling treated and untreated weeds. The experiment was designed as a complete randomized block design in the order of the system (Nested design). Sprayer type had significant effect on spray coverage and nozzle discharge rate. The conventional boom sprayer resulted in a coverage of 169.5 drops/cm2, while the modified (electrified) boom sprayer achieved only 149.4 drops/cm2. The discharge rate was 707.5 ml/min when using the conventional boom sprayer, compared to 671.2 ml/min with lower pesticide consumption when using the modified (electrified) boom sprayer.The smaller-sized XR TeeJet 110.015 VP nozzle (N1) outperformed the other nozzle sizes in terms of coverage (178.7 drops/cm2), weed control percentage (84.56%), and lower pesticide consumption (lower nozzle discharge) of 490.4 ml/min.
Study of the Effect Developed Chisel Plow on some Soil Properties in Heavy, Clay-Textured Soils
Authors: Al-Hameed Lu’ay L. , Abd Al-Nabi Murtada A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment conducted in the fields of the College of Agriculture - University of Basrah, Karmat Campus, according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD), to study the effect of height sweeps shank in back row with the developed chisel plow (10 and 20 cm), with three depths (15, 25 and 35 cm) and three lateral distances (20, 25 and 30 cm), on the field performance indicators where the mean weighted diameter, bulk density and total soil porosity are present. In mixed loamy soil with a density of (1.25) g cm3 and a moisture content of (15.17)%, the experiment was designed according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results showed that the improved chisel plow was significantly superior to the normal chisel plow by giving it the lowest mean weighted diameter ratio (higher fracturing), the least density, and the highest porosity, as the weighted diameter decreased significantly when both the lateral distance and the height of sweeps shank increased. The values of the mean weighted diameter (increased smoothing) decreased at a height of 20 cm of sweeps shank, and increased with the increase in lateral distance and depth. Bulk density values decreased at 10 cm height for the rear sweeps shank, and increased with increasing the lateral distance and the depth of plowing. The porosity increased at the height of the sweeps shank 10 cm and the depth of tillage 15 cm, and there was no significant effect of the lateral distance in the porosity.
A study of the Effect of Diesel Oil Contamination with Glycol on the Performance of a Diesel Engine
Authors: Kadhim Naseer Salman , Hasan Haider Ali , Abdul-Munaim Ali Mazin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe performance of a diesel engine was tested with diesel oil contaminated with glycol at the engineering workshop/Department of Agricultural Machines and Equipment / College of the Agricultural Engineering Sciences at the University of Baghdad. To investigate the impact of different concentrations of glycol on the performance of a diesel engine, an experimental water-cooled four-stroke motor was utilized, with oil containing 0, 100, and 200 parts per million (ppm). Specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, friction power, and exhaust gas temperature were examined as performance indicators. To compare the significance of the treatments, the study employed a full randomization design (CRD), with three replicates for each treatment at the 5% probability level. Experiment results demonstrated significant variations in the characteristics under study. For example, the highest rates of Brake-specific fuel consumption (kg/KW.h) (0.4459), frictional power (7.8837 kW), and exhaust gas temperature (173.6 0 C) were all observed at oil contamination levels of 200 ppm glycol. Meanwhile, the Brake thermal efficiency was the lowest of any measured system at only 17.5623%. Glycol oil pollution was shown to have a considerable effect on engine performance.
Study on Nutrients Concentration Trends in Tukad Badung River Toward Nutrient Recovery Potential
Authors: Wijaya I M W , Partama I G Y , Sumantra I K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study addresses the urgent concern of water quality degradation resulting from untreated domestic wastewater discharge, with a specific focus on nutrient trends within an aquatic ecosystem. The investigation centres on ammonium (NH4
+) as a significant contaminant sourced from residual foods, hygiene practices, and fertilizers, known for its association with eutrophication—characterized by excessive algae growth and oxygen depletion. The study aims to offer comprehensive insights by meticulously analysing water quality parameters across six distinct sampling points. Data collection encompassed total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia (NH4
+), nitrite (NO2
−), nitrate (NO3
−), total phosphate (PO4
−), and total nitrogen (TN). Notable variations were observed: TSS concentrations ranged from 9.00 mg/L to 20.00 mg/L, NH4
+ concentrations spanned 0.00 mg/L to 1.96 mg/L, NO2- and NO3
− levels varied from 0.00 mg/L to 0.16 mg/L and 1.19 mg/L to 1.91 mg/L, respectively, PO4
3- content ranged from 0.01 mg/L to 0.65 mg/L, and TN concentrations fluctuated between 1.36 mg/L and 3.31 mg/L. These findings underscore the complexity of water quality dynamics and highlight the need for integrated management strategies to mitigate nutrient pollution’s impact on aquatic ecosystems.
Reinventing the Authenticity of Nature Tourism: Social Capital-Based Ecotourism Development in Sendang Sombomerti
Authors: Saputra B , Pegi A L , Suripto  
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Environmental sustainability packaged in ecotourism is a promising type of tourism. Ecotourism is deemed necessary to be developed because it utilizes natural beauty, aesthetics and environmental sustainability and pays attention to the balance of interactions between humans and nature. Ecotourism management can be accomplished by utilizing social capital. So this study aims to determine the extent of the role of social capital in the management of Sendang Sombomerti ecotourism in Sombomerten Village, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods to get an overview of the ecotourism management community group’s application and level of social capital. Data collection was carried out supported by primary and secondary data; informants were selected using snowball sampling. Source triangulation analysis is used to answer the research objectives. Based on the research results, it is known that the level of social capital of Sendang Sombomerti ecotourism managers is classified as good/strong, and linking social capital is dominant. It is, therefore, easy to develop a level of social capital to advance ecotourism development.
Iot-based measurement for observing thermal conductivity of modern office building
Authors: Uddin N , Mannan K A , Tarigan S G 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The potential CO
2 emissions of a building can be identified based on the building thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of the building can be determined by measuring the temperatures outside and inside the building for a long period. Unfortunately, this measurement is quite hard and very expensive to be done manually. The Internet of Things (IoT) technology provides a simple and inexpensive method for carrying out measurements. This study presents a development of IoT system for measuring the building temperature for an unlimited period of time, and the measurement data is accessible from anywhere. The development steps include design, prototyping, and experimental testing. Performance of the developed system is examined through an experimental test. The result shows that the system was able to measure the building temperatures, transmit and store the measurement data to a cloud server, and graphically display the measurement data on the website. The system provides a useful tool for remotely and integrated temperature measurement in determining the thermal conductivity of the buildings.
The impact of waste bank development on society during endemic era in semarang city
Authors: Samadikun B P , Nugraha W D , Rahayu A P , Napitupulu J C W , Fuad T S , Amartia N U , Mirhan S A A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Covid 19 pandemic has made significant changes to human life. The activity that was quite affected during the pandemic was the waste bank activity. However, since the pandemic status changed to endemic, all activities have started to operate normally and waste bank activities have also begun to be reactivated. Semarang currently has 299 waste banks and Gedawang Asri is one of waste bank which located in Gedawang, Banyumanik District, Semarang City. This study will discuss how is the impact of waste banks on society in the endemic era. This research uses a survey method with analysis techniques using quantitative and qualitative analysis. Based on the research results, 47.83% of customers felt that there was an increase in the performance of waste banks during the endemic era. This is shown by the increase in the number of customers in each waste bank to reach 140 households. 65.2% of respondents stated that concern for the environment was the biggest reason for remaining a waste bank customer. Customers realize that the existence of a waste bank provides great benefits for everyday life, including reducing waste generation (73.9%), customers are motivated to manage waste in everyday life (60.9%), as well as being profitable for the community’s economy (43.5%)
Identification of eco enzyme characteristics from organic waste
Authors: Abdullah N O , Zubair A , Mangarengi N A P , Rachman R M , Tumpu M , Djamaluddin D 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Eco enzyme is a form of creative and environmentally friendly organic waste management efforts. This study aims to analyze and compare the characteristics of eco enzymes made from organic waste with variations of palm sugar and coconut sugar. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with an experimental approach and qualitative methods in the form of research development research. This study consists of two types of samples, namely palm sugar and coconut sugar with three times the repetition of each type of sample and fermented for 3 months. The results showed that eco enzyme made from organic waste with a variation of coconut sugar produced a higher content of acetic acid, phosphorus, calcium, lipase enzyme activity and protease enzyme activity and the final volume of the solution, while eco enzyme made from organic waste with palm sugar variations resulting in amylase enzyme activity, higher pH and chlorine. Based on the results, the characteristics obtained from coconut sugar, eco enzyme solution is recommended for use in agriculture as an organic fertilizer, while eco enzyme from coconut sugar is recommended as a disinfectant and natural detergent.
Study on activated sludge composition and concentration setting for increasing COD efficiency in dairy industry wastewater
Authors: Wikaningrum T , Putri ANI 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The dairy industry’s wastewater is the pollution problems that must be concerned. Since dairy wastewater tends to be easily biodegradable, the commonly wastewater treatment technology is biological treatment. The efficiency of reducing COD in the aeration tank of PT. AN was about 39.54% compared to the theoretical that can be achieved until 90%. Therefore, this research objective was to improve the efficiency of COD reduction in the aerobic-activated sludge process of PT. AN. The research was done by laboratory experimental method with variations of the concentration and type of the activated sludge applied, also variations in Bacillus cereus bacteria addition. The performance was measured by the COD reduction efficiency after 9-hour aeration and 3-hour sedimentation. The result showed that by increasing 100% of the activated sludge concentration, the process could increase the COD reduction from 20.3% to 49.8%. The 50:50 combination of existing activated sludge and other activate sludge taken from non-dairy industry’s WWTP got worse result, with the COD reduction from 20.3% to 15.9 %. The better result was shown by Bacillus cereus bacteria addition, the COD reduction can achieve 67.0% with 4.7 % bacteria addition and 97.0% COD reduction can be achieved with 9% bacteria addition.
The influence of eco-enzyme bioactivator addition variations on compost volume reduction using biopore infiltration holes
Authors: Sarminingsih A , Sumiyati S , Syafrudin  , Andika A F , Balqis M , Alfarisi I , Setiawan R , Tambunan A Y F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The issue of waste in Indonesia is a serious problem faced by the government and society. Organic waste is the largest percentage of all types of waste generated which can cause negative impacts on the environment. It is necessary to process organic waste in a short time. Eco-enzyme is an alternative in processing organic waste that can be a bioactivator in composting organic waste into compost. One of the media that can be used in composting is biopori infiltration holes. This research aims to determine the optimal dose in the addition of eco-enzyme as a bioactivator in accelerating composting. The stages carried out in this study were preparing tools and materials. Adding organic waste into biopore holes, and conducting scheduled monitoring of the decrease in organic waste in composting. The results of this study show that in Biopore Infiltration Hole 6 with a dose of 60 ml of eco-enzyme is able to decompose organic waste faster than other doses. The high dose given can accelerate the composting process, this is because eco-enzyme contains many microorganisms that can accelerate composting..
Landslide Prone Areas Analysis in Bandungan District, Semarang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Widiarso D A , Sitompul R , Martadiastuti V 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Landslide is a natural disaster that often occurs in Indonesia. Many factors can influence the occurrence of landslides such as the constituent rocks, topography, and rainfall can trigger landslides. Bandungan District is a tourist area that is lot of visitors and many of these settlements have a history of quite large landslides. Throughout 2021, there have been 7 points of landslides in Bandungan District. This study aims to determine potential landslide prone areas in Bandungan District. This study uses a method of weighting overlay the parameters to be calculates such as lithology, slope, rainfall, land cover, distance from the road, distance from the river, distance from the straightness. Based on the results obtained using the Regulation of the Ministry of Public Work (PERMEN PU) classification, landslide susceptibility is 41.5% for high level, 54.2% for medium level, and 4.3% for low level, while according to Soil and Agroclimate Research and Development Centre (PUSLITTANAK) classification, 5.3% for high level, 71.8% for medium level, and 22.8% for low level. From the results of this analysis, it is recommended that areas that are suitable for housing at a low level are recommended.
Highlighting the use of end-of-life tire (ELT) as a renewable material and the potential applications in Indonesia
Authors: Anisa A N , Budihardjo M A , Sumiyati S , Puspita A S , Priya Kurniatama D V 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The development of the number of vehicles impacts the increased waste of used tires produced. This paper was created to explore the reuse end of life tires (ELT) as a renewable material. This paper also discusses the potential implementation of tire fiber recycling in Indonesia. Data were taken from various relevant articles from accredited sites such as Elsevier, Springer, Scopus, and Research gate. The data were reviewed using the narrative analysis method. Two recycling sectors, namely geotechnical application (Landfill liner) and civil engineering application (asphalt, pavement, LVL board, and lightweight aggregate concrete). The result shows the potential for ELT applications in Indonesia is very high. This is due to the large number of used tires in Indonesia because of the high consumption of vehicles by the population. The new recycling process carried out in Indonesia is only asphalt and pavement. There is no use of ELT for landfill liners, LVL, and lightweight aggregate concrete in Indonesia. The utilization of ELT can be maximized in Indonesia with the help of local government and research studies to reduce ELT waste in Indonesia.