bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P Wave Signal‐Averaged Electrocardiography Predicts Recurrence of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White Syndrome Who Underwent Successful Catheter Ablation: A Prospective Study
Authors: HIRAKI TATSURO , IKEDA HISAO , YOSHIDA TERUHISA , INAGE TOMOHITO , OHE MASATSUGU , OHTSUBO HITOSHI , MATSUMOTO MANABU , HAMADA TAKASHI , KUBARA ICHIRO , IMAIZUMI TSUTOMU 
Published: December 2004

P‐SAECG Predicts Recurrence of PAF After Ablation.
Introduction: Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) frequently occurs in patients with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White (WPW) syndrome. Catheter ablation of the accessory pathway eliminates PAF in some patients, but PAF frequently recurs in other patients. The present study was designed to determine prospectively whether P wave signal‐averaged electrocardiography (P‐SAECG) predicts the recurrence of PAF after successful ablation in patients with WPW syndrome. Methods and Results: Forty‐six patients with WPW syndrome who had episodes of PAF were prospectively followed. SAECG recording was performed on day 7 after successful ablation of the accessory pathway at study entry. Abnormal P‐SAECG for the prediction of recurrence of PAF was defined as a filtered P wave duration > 130 msec. Eleven patients had an abnormal P‐SAECG (group 1), whereas 35 patients (group 2) did not. The two groups did not differ in terms of gender, age, left atrial dimension, and atrial vulnerability as determined by electrophysiologic study. During follow‐up (40 ± 19 months), the recurrence of PAF was noted in 10 (91%) of 11 patients in group 1, whereas it was observed in only 2 (6%) of 35 patients in group 2. Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed that the recurrence of PAF was significantly more frequent in group 1 than in group 2 (log rank test, P < 0.0001). By multivariate analysis, filtered P wave duration > 130 msec was an independent predictor of recurrence of PAF after ablation (Chi‐square = 21.5, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that P‐SAECG may be useful for identifying patients at risk for recurrence of PAF after successful ablation of WPW syndrome.
Total Pulmonary Vein Occlusion as a Consequence of Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation Mimicking Primary Lung Disease
Authors: ERNST SABINE , OUYANG FEIFAN , GOYA MASAHIKO , LÖBER FELIX , SCHNEIDER CARSTEN , HOFFMANN‐RIEM MARTIN , SCHWARZ STEFAN , HORNIG KLAUS , MÜLLER KLAUS‐MICHAEL , ANTZ MATTHIAS , KAUKEL ECKHARD , KUGLER CHRISTIAN , KUCK KARL‐HEINZ 
Published: December 2004

Introduction: Catheter ablation has recently been used for curative treatment of atrial fibrillation.
Methods and Results: Three of 239 patients who underwent ablation close to the pulmonary vein (PV) ostia at our institute developed severe hemoptysis, dyspnea, and pneumonia as early as 1 week and as late as 6 months after the ablation. Because the patients were arrhythmia‐free, the treating physician initially attributed the symptoms to new‐onset pulmonary disease (e.g., bronchopulmonary neoplasm). After absent PV flow was confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography, transseptal contrast injection depicted a totally occluded PV in all three patients. Successful recanalization, even in chronically occluded Pvs, was performed in all patients. During follow‐up, Doppler flow measurements by transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated restenosis in all primarily dilated PV, which led to stent implantation.
Conclusion: PV stenosis/occlusion after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation occurs in a subset of patients. However, because in‐stent restenosis occurred in two patients after 6 to 10 weeks, final interventional strategy for PV stenosis or occlusion remains unclear. To prevent future PV stenosis or occlusion, a decrease in target temperature and energy of radiofrequency current or the use of new energy sources (ultrasound, cryothermia, microwave) seems necessary.
(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 366‐370, April 2003)
Site‐Specific Arrhythmogenesis in Patients with Brugada Syndrome
Authors: MORITA HIROSHI , FUKUSHIMA‐KUSANO KENGO , NAGASE SATOSHI , TAKENAKA‐MORITA SHIHO , NISHII NOBUHIRO , KAKISHITA MIKIO , NAKAMURA KAZUFUMI , EMORI TETSURO , MATSUBARA HIROMI , OHE TOHRU 
Published: December 2004

Introduction: It has been believed that electrophysiologic abnormality of the epicardial region of the right ventricular free wall may play an important role in arrhythmogenesis of phase 2 reentry in Brugada syndrome, but clinical evidence of the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias at the right ventricular free wall has not been evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the site‐specific inducibility of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and the origin of spontaneous premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) in patients with Brugada syndrome.
Methods and Results. Forty‐five patients with Brugada‐type ECG were enrolled in this study. Spontaneous PVCs were recorded in 9 patients. Programmed electrical stimulation (PES) was performed at the right ventricular apex (RVA), the free wall and septal region of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), and the left ventricle (LV). The inducibility of PVT/VF was evaluated at each ventricular site, and the origin of PVC was determined by pace mapping. Sustained VF was induced in 17 patients. VF was induced in all 17 patients by PES at RVOT. Although PES at the septal region of the RVOT induced VF in only 5 patients (29%), PES at the free‐wall region of the RVOT induced PVT/VF in 13 patients (76%). PES at RVA induced VF in only 2 patients (12%), and PES at LV failed to induce any arrhythmic events. Ventricular pace mapping showed that 64% of PVCs occurred at the free‐wall region of the RVOT, 18% at the septal region of the RVOT, 9% at RVA, and 9% at LV.
Conclusion: VF in patients with Brugada syndrome frequently is induced at the free‐wall region of the RVOT area. The origin of PVC appears to be related to the site of PVT/VF induction by PES.
(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 373‐379, April 2003)
Spiral Wave Control by a Localized Stimulus:
Authors: ASHIHARA TAKASHI , NAMBA TSUNETOYO , ITO MAKOTO , IKEDA TAKANORI , NAKAZAWA KAZUO , TRAYANOVA NATALIA 
Published: December 2004

Introduction: It has been reported that electrical stimulation can control spiral wave (SW) reentry. However, previous research does not account for the effects of stimulus‐induced virtual electrode polarization (VEP) and the ensuing cathode‐break (CB) excitation. The aim of the present study was to examine the interaction of VEP with SW reentry in a bidomain model of electrical stimulation and thus provide insight into the mechanistic basis of SW control. Methods and Results: We conducted 3,168 simulations of localized stimulation during SW reentry in an anisotropic bidomain sheet. Unipolar cathodal 2‐ms stimuli of strengths 4, 8, 16, and 24 mA were delivered at 99 locations in the sheet. The interaction between stimulus‐induced VEP and SW reentry resulted in 1 of 3 possible outcomes: SW shift, SW breakup, or no effect. SW shift, which could be instrumental in SW termination at an anatomic or functional line of block, resulted from CB rather than cathode‐make excitation. Stimulus timing, site, and strength all were important factors in VEP‐mediated SW control. Furthermore, we found that the number of episodes of SW shift across the fibers was more sensitive to stimulus strength than that of SW shift along the fibers. SW shift can be explained by the interaction between the four VEP‐induced wavebreaks and the wavebreak of the SW, ultimately resulting in termination of the original SW and the survival of one of the VEP‐induced wavebreaks. This establishes a new SW reentry. Conclusion: This study provides new mechanistic insight into SW control. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 15, pp. 226‐233, February 2004)
Mechanism of Repolarization Change During Initiation of Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: LIN YENN‐JIANG , TAI CHING‐TAI , CHIANG CHEN‐EN , LEE KUN‐TAI , YUNIADI YOGA , HUANG BIEN‐HSIEN , LIU TU‐YING , LEE PI‐CHIANG , KUO JEN‐YUAN , CHEN SHIH‐ANN 
Published: December 2004

Introduction: Previous literature has documented the association between narrow QRS supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and pronounced ST‐T segment change. The aim of this study was to evaluate repolarization changes during SVT initiation and demonstrate the possible mechanism. Methods and Results: Fifty‐one consecutive patients (20 men and 31 women; mean age 46.1 ± 16.4 years) with narrow QRS SVT (32 patients with AV nodal reentrant tachycardia and 19 patients with AV reentrant tachycardia) were included. We retrospectively analyzed the intracardiac recordings and ST‐T segment changes on 12‐lead surface ECGs during SVT initiation. Twenty‐six (51%) patients developed ST segment repolarization changes during SVT initiation. Patients with shorter baseline sinus cycle length, shorter tachycardia cycle length, elevated systolic blood pressure before tachycardia induction, and greater reduction of systolic blood pressure had a higher incidence of repolarization changes. However, multivariate analysis showed that reduction of systolic blood pressure after SVT induction was the only independent predictor of repolarization changes. Furthermore, the maximal degree of ST segment depression during SVT correlated with the reduction of systolic blood pressure (r = 0.75, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Repolarization changes during SVT initiation were caused mainly by concurrent hemodynamic change after SVT initiation with abrupt cycle length shortening.
Prevalence, Predictors, and Mortality Significance of the Causative Arrhythmia in Patients with Electrical Storm
Authors: VERMA ATUL , KILICASLAN FETHI , MARROUCHE NASSIR F. , MINOR STEPHEN , KHAN MOHAMMED , WAZNI OUSSAMA , BURKHARDT J. DAVID , BELDEN WILLIAM A. , CUMMINGS JENNIFER E. , ABDUL‐KARIM AHMAD , SALIBA WALID , SCHWEIKERT ROBERT A. , TCHOU PATRICK J. , MARTIN DAVID O. , NATALE ANDREA 
Published: December 2004

Introduction: Electrical storm (ES) is characterized by either refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF). However, little is known about the prevalence, predictors, and mortality implications of the causative arrhythmia in ES. We sought to assess the prevalence, predictors, and survival significance of VT and VF as the causative arrhythmia of ES in implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) patients. Methods and Results: Consecutive patients from January 2000 to December 2002 who presented to the ICD clinic with ≥2 separate ventricular arrhythmic episodes requiring shock within 24 hours were included in the study. ICD interrogation confirmed the number of shocks and provided electrograms for interpretation of the causative arrhythmia. Patients were grouped as VF or VT according to the causative arrhythmia. Their prevalence, predictors, and mortality rates were compared. Of 2,028 patients assessed in the ICD clinic, 208 (10%) presented with ES. VF was the cause of ES in 99 of 208 patients, for an overall prevalence of 48%. Original ICD indication, coronary artery disease, and amiodarone therapy were predictive for the causative arrhythmia. There was no mortality difference between the VT and VF groups; however, both groups had significantly increased mortality compared to a control ICD population without ES. Conclusion: VF is the causative arrhythmia for a sizable proportion of patients with ES. The initial ICD indication, coronary artery disease, and amiodarone therapy are predictors of the causative arrhythmias in ES. There does not appear to be any mortality difference between ES patients with VT and VF, but mortality is increased in patients with ES versus control ICD patients without ES.
Fever as a Precipitant of Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation in Patients with Normal Hearts
Authors: PASQUIÉ JEAN LUC , SANDERS PRASHANTHAN , HOCINI MÉLÈZE , FERN HSU LI , SCAVÉE CHRISTOPHE , JAIS PIERRE , TAKAHASHI YOSHIHIDE , ROTTER MARTIN , SACHER FRÉDERIC , VICTOR JACQUES , CLÉMENTY JACQUES , HAÏSSAGUERRE MICHEL 
Published: December 2004

Introduction: Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the main mechanism of sudden cardiac death. The clinical precipitants of sudden cardiac death due to idiopathic VF are poorly characterized. Emerging evidence implicates triggers originating predominantly from the distal Purkinje arborization and the right ventricular outflow tract. Methods and Results: We report three patients without structural heart disease or repolarization abnormalities in whom a febrile illness was the only concurrent disease associated with unexpected sudden cardiac death due to VF storm. An automated defibrillator was implanted in all three patients. In one patient with persistent recurrent VF episodes, mapping demonstrated the origin of these triggers was from the Purkinje arborization of the anterior wall of the right ventricle. Ablation at a site of earliest activation during ectopy, where pace mapping was concordant and Purkinje potential preceded the onset of ventriculogram, resulted in suppression of all arrhythmias. After follow‐up of 22, 9, and 18 months in the three patients, no ventricular arrhythmias have been recorded. Conclusion: We present a series of patients in whom an apparently benign febrile illness was associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias in the absence of cardiac disease or other factors known to precipitate sudden cardiac death. Physicians should be aware of this possible phenomenon in cases of febrile illness associated with syncope.
Trader associations and urban food systems in Ghana: institutionalist approaches to understanding urban collective action
Authors: Lyon Fergus 
Published: December 2004

This article explores the activities and functioning of urban food trader associations in Ghana. These associations are strong indigenous groups of women traders who have been able to sustain cooperation over many years in contrast to many other forms of collective action. They shape urban food systems and link urban consumers with rural producers. The analysis relates the findings to the literature on socio‐economics, institutional economics and collective action. Of particular interest are the social relations and networks within associations that allow traders to access informal credit and information with contracts based on trust. The factors that contribute to the ability to sustain collective action are explored. These include leadership structures and acceptance of the authority of market queens by other women traders, as well as the need to have the benefits that come from membership of associations.Cet article porte sur les activités et le fonctionnement d'associations urbaines de commerce alimentaire au Ghana. Il s'agit de puissants groupes autochtones de marchandes qui ont pu préserver une coopération sur de nombreuses années, contrairement à bien d'autres formes d'action collective. Ces associations configurent les systèmes d'approvisionnement des villes, reliant consommateurs urbains et producteurs ruraux. L'analyse rapproche résultats et références documentaires en socio‐économie, économie institutionnelle et action collective. On soulignera les relations et réseaux sociaux au sein des associations, lesquels permettent aux commerçantes d'accéder à des sources parallèles d'information et de crédit sur la base de contrats de confiance. L'article étudie les facteurs facilitant la pérennisation d'une action collective, notamment les structures de leadership et la reconnaissance de l'autorité de reines du marché par d'autres commerçantes, ainsi que la nécessité de tirer des avantages de l'appartenance à ces associations.
Conjuncture or disjuncture? An institutionalist analysis of local regeneration partnerships in the UK
Authors: Davies Jonathan S. 
Published: December 2004

Following Vivien Lowndes' injunction for scholars to take the new institutionalism seriously, this article offers an institutionalist explanation for the development of regeneration partnerships in the UK. Drawing on four complete case studies and evidence from ongoing research into New Deal for Communities, it argues that UK‐style partnerships tend to embody conflicting values and hierarchical patterns of organization. This is therefore a path‐shaping period, since partnerships have not established themselves as coordinating mechanisms built on strong‐weak ties.Vivien Lowndes ayant enjoint les intellectuels à prendre au sérieux le nouvel institutionnalisme, cet article propose une explication institutionnaliste à l'essor des partenariats de régénération au Royaume‐Uni. A partir de quatre études de cas terminées et d'indices issus de recherches en cours sur la ‘Nouvelle Donne pour les Communautés’, il affirme que les partenariats de type britannique tendent à exprimer des valeurs opposées et des modes hiérarchiques d'organisation. Il se dégage donc une phase d'orientation de trajectoire, les partenariats ne s'étant pas créés comme des mécanismes coordinateurs reposant sur des liens forts‐faibles.
The unique mutation in ace‐1 giving high insecticide resistance is easily detectable in mosquito vectors
Authors: Weill M. , Malcolm C. , Chandre F. , Mogensen K. , Berthomieu A. , Marquine M. , Raymond M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractHigh insecticide resistance resulting from insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has emerged in mosquitoes. A single mutation (G119S of the ace‐1 gene) explains this high resistance in Culex pipiens and in Anopheles gambiae. In order to provide better documentation of the ace‐1 gene and the effect of the G119S mutation, we present a three‐dimension structure model of AChE, showing that this unique substitution is localized in the oxyanion hole, explaining the insecticide insensitivity and its interference with the enzyme catalytic functions. As the G119S creates a restriction site, a simple PCR test was devised to detect its presence in both A. gambiae and C. pipiens, two mosquito species belonging to different subfamilies (Culicinae and Anophelinae). It is possibile that this mutation also explains the high resistance found in other mosquitoes, and the present results indicate that the PCR test detects the G119S mutation in the malaria vector A. albimanus. The G119S has thus occurred independently at least four times in mosquitoes and this PCR test is probably of broad applicability within the Culicidae family.
The transcriptome of adult female Anopheles darlingi salivary glands
Authors: Calvo E. , Andersen J. , Francischetti I. M. , DeL. Capurro M. , DeBianchi A. G. , James A. A. , Ribeiro J. M. C. , Marinotti O. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi is an important malaria vector in South and Central America; however, little is known about molecular aspects of its biology. Genomic and proteomic analyses were performed on the salivary gland products of Anopheles darlingi. A total of 593 randomly selected, salivary gland‐derived cDNAs were sequenced and assembled based on their similarities into 288 clusters. The putative translated proteins were classified into three categories: (S) secretory products, (H) housekeeping products and (U) products with unknown cell location and function. Ninety‐three clusters encode putative secreted proteins and several of them, such as an anophelin, a thrombin inhibitor, apyrases and several new members of the D7 protein family, were identified as molecules involved in haematophagy. Sugar‐feeding related enzymes (α‐glucosidases and α‐amylase) also were found among the secreted salivary products. Ninety‐nine clusters encode housekeeping proteins associated with energy metabolism, protein synthesis, signal transduction and other cellular functions. Ninety‐seven clusters encode proteins with no similarity with known proteins. Comparison of the sequence divergence of the S and H categories of proteins of An. darlingi and An. gambiae revealed that the salivary proteins are less conserved than the housekeeping proteins, and therefore are changing at a faster evolutionary rate. Tabular and supplementary material containing the cDNA sequences and annotations are available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/Mosquito/A_darlingi_sialome/
Nurse–patient communication: an exploration of patients’ experiences
Authors: McCabe Catherine 
Published: December 2004

Background.  Patient‐centred communication is a basic component of nursing and facilitates the development of a positive nurse‐patient relationship which, along with other organizational factors, results in the delivery of quality nursing care. Nurses are frequently described in the literature as poor communicators, however, very few studies have examined patients’ experiences of how nurses communicate.Aims and objectives.  The aim of the study was to explore and produce statements relating to patients’ experiences of how nurses communicate.Design.  A qualitative perspective using an hermeneutic phenomenological approach was considered to be the most appropriate methodology for this study.Methods.  Using purposeful sampling, eight patients in a general teaching hospital in the Republic of Ireland were interviewed. Data were collected using unstructured interviews. Data analysis was a reflective process and the findings were presented through the description and interpretation of themes and sub‐themes.Results.  Following data analysis four themes emerged. These were, ‘lack of communication’, ‘attending’, empathy’ and ‘friendly nurses’.Conclusions.  The findings of this study indicate that, in contrast to the literature that suggests that nurses are not good at communicating with patients, nurses can communicate well with patients when they use a patient‐centred approach. However, health care organizations do not appear to value or recognize the importance of nurses using a patient‐centred approach when communicating with patients to ensure the delivery of quality patient care.Relevance to clinical practice.  The implication of these findings for clinical practice is that the task‐centred approach to patient care that is associated with nursing in the past, appears to be alive and well. If health care management want to ensure that patients receive quality nursing care, they will need to consider patient‐centred communication to be essential to encourage and support nurses to communicate in this manner.
A comparison of restricted selection procedures to control genetic gains
Authors: Ieiri S. , Nomura T. , Hirooka H. , Satoh M. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryUsing Monte Carlo simulation, two schemes of restricted selection were compared under various combinations of genetic parameters and constraints on the genetic gains. The first selection scheme is the combination of best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) evaluation and linear programming technique (BLUP + LP), and the second one is based on the restricted BLUP selection (RBLUP). Selection for two traits was supposed, in which animals were selected to maximize the genetic gain in trait 2 (Δg2) under a proportional restriction on the genetic gain in trait 1 (Δg1) to satisfy the intended ratio (Δg1:Δg2). Little differences were found between the two selection schemes with respect to the genetic gains averaged over replicates. However, in all the cases studied, the variance of genetic gains among replicates under BLUP + LP selection was smaller and less sensitive to the genetic parameters and the intended restriction than RBLUP selection. Under the situations of antagonistic selection, the difference tended to be larger. When the heritabilities of the two traits were different, RBLUP selection remarkably increased the variance of genetic gain in a trait with a higher heritability. These results suggest that BLUP + LP selection should always be preferable to RBLUP selection because of the smaller risk of selection. This choice is especially important for the situation where the genetic parameters act as limiting factors for the achievement of intended genetic gains.