bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravitational capture of magnetic monopoles by primordial black holes in the early universe
Authors: Zhang Chen , Zhang Xin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It is intriguing to ask whether the existence of primordial black holes (PBHs) in the early universe could significantly reduce the abundance of certain stable massive particles (SMP) via gravitational capture, after which the PBHs evaporate before BBN to avoid conflict with stringent bounds. For example, this mechanism is relevant to an alternative solution of the monopole problem proposed by Stojkovic and Freese, in which magnetic monopoles produced in the early universe are captured by PBHs, thus freeing inflation from having to occur during or after the corresponding phase transitions that produced the monopoles. In this work, we reanalyze the solution by modelling the capture process in the same way as the coexisting monopole annihilation. A subtle issue which is not handled properly in the previous literature is the choice of an effective capture cross section for diffusive capture. We model this aspect properly and justify our treatment. A monochromatic PBH mass function and a radiation-dominated era before PBH evaporation are assumed. We find that for Pati-Salam monopoles corresponding to a symmetry breaking scale between 1010 GeV and 1015 GeV, the capture rate is many orders of magnitude below what is needed to cause a significant reduction of the monopole density. Within our assumptions, we also find that the magnetic charge that is large enough to make an extremal magnetic black hole cosmologically stable cannot be obtained from magnetic charge fluctuation via monopole capture. The large magnetic charged required by cosmological stability can nevertheless be obtained from magnetic charge fluctuation at PBH formation, and if later the monopole abundance can be reduced significantly by some non-inflationary mechanism, long-lived near-extremal magnetic black holes of observational relevance might result.
Spinorial Representation of Submanifolds in a Product of Space Forms
Authors: Basilio Alicia , Bayard Pierre , Lawn Marie-Amélie , Roth Julien 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe present a method giving a spinorial characterization of an immersion into a product of spaces of constant curvature. As a first application we obtain a proof using spinors of the fundamental theorem of immersion theory for such target spaces. We also study special cases: we recover previously known results concerning immersions in $$\mathbb {S}^2\times \mathbb {R}$$

S

2

×
R

and we obtain new spinorial characterizations of immersions in $$\mathbb {S}^2\times \mathbb {R}^2$$

S

2

×

R

2

and in $$\mathbb {H}^2\times \mathbb {R}.$$

H

2

×
R
.

We then study the theory of $$H=1/2$$

H
=
1
/
2

surfaces in $$\mathbb {H}^2\times \mathbb {R}$$

H

2

×
R

using this spinorial approach, obtain new proofs of some of its fundamental results and give a direct relation with the theory of $$H=1/2$$

H
=
1
/
2

surfaces in $$\mathbb {R}^{1,2}$$

R

1
,
2

.
Refinements of discrete and integral Jensen inequalities with Jensen’s gap
Authors: Horváth László 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMotivated by a paper of Dragomir, we give new refinements for both discrete and integral Jensen inequalities using the Jensen’s gap. As applications, we give refinements of various inequalities verifiable by Jensen’s inequality. Topics covered: norms, quasi-arithmetic means, Hölder’s inequality andf-divergences in information theory.
Infiltrating macrophages amplify doxorubicin-induced cardiac damage: role of catecholamines
Authors: Gambardella Jessica , Santulli Gaetano , Fiordelisi Antonella , Cerasuolo Federica Andrea , Wang Xujun , Prevete Nella , Sommella Eduardo , Avvisato Roberta , Buonaiuto Antonietta , Altobelli Giovanna Giuseppina , Rinaldi Laura , Chiuso Francesco , Feliciello Antonio , Dal Piaz Fabrizio , Campiglia Pietro , Ciccarelli Michele , Morisco Carmine , Sadoshima Junichi , Iaccarino Guido , Sorriento Daniela 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The functional contribution of non-myocyte cardiac cells, such as inflammatory cells, in the setup of heart failure in response to doxorubicin (Dox) is recently becoming of growing interest.

Objectives
The study aims to evaluate the role of macrophages in cardiac damage elicited by Dox treatment.

Methods
C57BL/6 mice were treated with one intraperitoneal injection of Dox (20 mg/kg) and followed up for 5 days by cardiac ultrasounds (CUS), histological, and flow cytometry evaluations. We also tested the impact of Dox in macrophage-depleted mice. Rat cardiomyoblasts were directly treated with Dox (D-Dox) or with a conditioned medium from cultured murine macrophages treated with Dox (M-Dox).

Results
In response to Dox, macrophage infiltration preceded cardiac damage. Macrophage depletion prevents Dox-induced damage, suggesting a key role of these cells in promoting cardiotoxicity. To evaluate the crosstalk between macrophages and cardiac cells in response to DOX, we compared the effects of D-Dox and M-Dox in vitro. Cell vitality was lower in cardiomyoblasts and apoptosis was higher in response to M-Dox compared with D-Dox. These events were linked to p53-induced mitochondria morphology, function, and autophagy alterations. We identify a mechanistic role of catecholamines released by Dox-activated macrophages that lead to mitochondrial apoptosis of cardiac cells through β-AR stimulation.

Conclusions
Our data indicate that crosstalk between macrophages and cardiac cells participates in cardiac damage in response to Dox.

Graphical abstract
Hodge-Elliptic Genera, K3 Surfaces and Enumerative Geometry
Authors: Cirafici Michele 
Published: October 2023

AbstractK3 surfaces play a prominent role in string theory and algebraic geometry. The properties of their enumerative invariants have important consequences in black hole physics and in number theory. To a K3 surface, string theory associates an Elliptic genus, a certain partition function directly related to the theory of Jacobi modular forms. A multiplicative lift of the Elliptic genus produces another modular object, an Igusa cusp form, which is the generating function of BPS invariants of$$\textrm{K3} \times E$$K3×E. In this note, we will discuss a refinement of this chain of ideas. The Elliptic genus can be generalized to the so-called Hodge-Elliptic genus which is then related to the counting of refined BPS states of$$\textrm{K3} \times E$$K3×E. We show how such BPS invariants can be computed explicitly in terms of different versions of the Hodge-Elliptic genus, sometimes in closed form, and discuss some generalizations.
A characterization of consistent assessments using power sequences of strategy profiles
Authors: Dilmé Francesc 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper provides a new characterization of belief consistency in extensive games. We show thatallconsistent assessments are supported by sequences of strategy profiles with the property that all actions with vanishing probability are played according to power functions of the sequence index. The result makes it simpler to prove or disprove that a given assessment is consistent, facilitating the use of sequential equilibria.
Influence of enzymatic clarification, filtration, and pasteurization on ellagitannin and anthocyanin content in raspberry juices
Authors: Sójka Michał , Nowakowska Aleksandra , Hejduk Agnieszka 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the enzymatic process of clarification, filtration, and pasteurization on the retention of ellagitannins in raspberry juices. Experiments were carried out to determine the influence of the enzymatic clarification and filtration of cloudy juice and the pasteurization of clear juice on the content of ellagitannins and anthocyanins typical for raspberry fruits, namely lambertianin C, sanguiin H-6, cyanidin-3-sophoroside, and cyanidin-3-rutinoside, in the final product. Enzymatic treatment was performed using the Rohapect 10L enzyme at the manufacturer’s recommended dose of 80 mg/L for 1 h at 45 °C. The process of cloudy juice filtration was carried out immediately after enzymatic treatment on a Hobrafilt type S40N filter medium enabling the retention of 5 μm particles. Due to the high retention of the main ellagitannins on the filtration barrier, the pasteurization process was carried out on juices fortified with the tested compounds. Pasteurization was carried out in four variants, using temperatures of 65 and 85 °C and pasteurization times of 20 and 60 s. The studies showed that the process of enzymatic clarification (1 h, 45 °C) did not significantly affect the content of ellagitannins or anthocyanins. The critical factor determining the content of the tested compounds was the filtration stage, which caused 100% retention of lambertianin C and 82% retention of sanguiin H-6 on the filtration barrier, as manifested by the low content of these substances in the filtered juice. The filtration process did not affect the content of anthocyanins. In addition, it was shown that regardless of the pasteurization conditions used, this process did not significantly affect the contents of lambertianin C, sanguiin H-6, or the tested anthocyanins.
Archeological wood conservation with selected organosilicon compounds studied by XFM and nanoindentation
Authors: Broda Magdalena , Jakes Joseph E. , Li Luxi , Antipova Olga A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWaterlogged wood conservation is a complex and challenging task. Detailed knowledge about the interactions between the applied chemicals and wood is necessary to ensure the effective and safe conservation of wooden artifacts. The present research aims to determine the mechanism of dimensional stabilization of archeological wood by organosilicon compounds using the combination of synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) and nanoindentation. Archeological oak wood was treated with methyltrimethoxysilane, (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane, or 1,3-bis-[(diethylamino)-3-(propoxy)propan-2-ol]-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, which in previous studies were found to be more effective than other organosilicons in stabilizing wood dimensions. The XFM and nanoindentation results showed that all three organosilicons infiltrated wood cell walls and enhanced their mechanical properties. The XFM also showed that part of the chemicals filled some void spaces like cell lumina. Based on the results obtained here and in our previous research, it is determined that the mechanism of archeological wood dimensional stabilization by organosilicon treatment is complex and likely involves both filling cell lumina and infiltration into cell walls where organosilicons interact with wood polymers.
Perceived spatial presence and body orientation affect the recall of out-of-sight places in an immersive sketching experiment
Authors: Grochulla Banafsheh , Mallot Hanspeter A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe orientation of sketch maps of remote but familiar city squares produced from memory has been shown to depend on the distance and airline direction from the production site to the remembered square (position-dependent recall, Röhrich et al. in PLoS One 9(11): e112793, 2014). Here, we present a virtual reality version of the original experiment and additionally study the role of body orientation. Three main points can be made: First, “immersive sketching” is a novel and useful paradigm in which subjects sketch maps live on paper while being immersed in virtual reality. Second, the original effect of position-dependent recall was confirmed, indicating that the sense of being present at a particular location, even if generated in a virtual environment, suffices to bias the imagery of distant places. Finally, the orientation of the produced sketch maps depended also on the body orientation of the subjects. At each production site, body orientation was controlled by varying the position of the live feed in the virtual environment, such that subjects had to turn towards the prescribed direction. Position-dependent recall is strongest if subjects are aligned with the airline direction to the target and virtually goes away if they turn in the opposite direction. We conclude that the representation of out-of-sight target places depends on both the current airline direction to the target and the body orientation.
MDM2 amplification is rare in gastric cancer
Authors: Abdullazade Samir , Behrens Hans-Michael , Krüger Sandra , Haag Jochen , Röcken Christoph 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe MDM2 proto-oncogene (MDM2) is a primary negative regulator of p53. The latter is frequently mutated in gastric cancer (GC). In the present study, we aimed to validate gene amplification, protein expression, and the putative tumor biological function of MDM2 in a well-characterized Western GC cohort. MDM2 amplification and protein expression were studied in a cohort of 327 GCs by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry. Gene amplification and protein expression were correlated with diverse clinicopathological patient characteristics including patient outcome. Immunohistochemically, 97 GCs (29.7%) were categorized as MDM2 positive and 230 GCs (70.3%) as negative. An amplification of MDM2 was found in 11 (3.4%) cases without evidence of intratumoral heterogeneity. Nine of these eleven (81.8%) cases showed MDM2 protein expression. MDM2 amplification correlated significantly with MDM2 protein expression (p < 0.001). On a case-by-case analysis, MDM2-amplified cases showed varied histological phenotypes and were most commonly microsatellite stable; EBV, HER2, and MET negative; and FGFR2 positive. A single case harbored both, MDM2 amplification and TP53 mutation. MDM2 amplification and MDM2 expression, respectively, did not correlate with overall or tumor-specific survival. Our targeted analysis of MDM2 in a well-characterized cohort of GC patients showed that MDM2 amplification is rare, of no specific histological phenotype, and may not be always mutually exclusive with TP53 mutations. Given the low number of cases, currently, no diagnostic or therapeutic recommendation related to MDM2 amplification can be given for GC of Western origin.
Surgical tele-mentoring using a robotic platform: initial experience in a military institution
Authors: Faris Hunter , Harfouche Cyril , Bandle Jesse , Wisbach Gordon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Surgical tele-mentoring leverages technology by projecting surgical expertise to improve access to care and patient outcomes. We postulate that tele-mentoring will improve surgeon satisfaction, procedural competence, the timeliness of operative intervention, surgical procedure efficiency, and key intra-operative decision-making. As a first step, we performed a pilot study utilizing a proof-of-concept tele-mentoring process during robotic-assisted surgery to determine the effects on the perceptions of all members of the surgical team.

Methods
An IRB-approved prospective feasibility study to determine the safety and efficacy of remote surgical consultation to local surgeons utilizing robotic surgery technology in the fields of general, urology, gynecology and thoracic surgery was performed. Surgical teams were provided a pre-operative face-to-face orientation. During the operation, the mentoring surgeon was located at the same institution in a separate tele-mentoring room. An evaluation was completed pre- and post-operatively by the operative team members and mentor.

Results
Fifteen operative cases were enrolled including seven general surgery, four urology, one gynecology and three thoracic surgery operations. Surveys were collected from 67 paired survey respondents and 15 non-paired mentor respondents. Participation in the operation had a positive effect on participant responses regarding all questions surveyed (p < 0.05) indicating value to tele-mentoring integration. Connectivity remained uninterrupted with clear delivery of audio and visual components and no perceived latency. Participant perception of leadership/administrative support was varied.

Conclusions
Surgical tele-mentoring is safe and efficacious in providing remote surgical consultation to local surgeons utilizing robotic surgery technology in a military institution. Operative teams overwhelmingly perceived this capability as beneficial with reliable audio-visual connectivity demonstrated between the main operative room and the Virtual Medical Center. Further study is needed to develop surgical tele-mentoring to improve patient care without geographic limitations during times of peace, war and pandemic outbreaks.
Topology optimization of self-contacting structures
Authors: Frederiksen Andreas Henrik , Sigmund Ole , Poulios Konstantinos 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInclusion of contact in mechanical designs opens a large range of design possibilities, this includes classical designs with contact, such as gears, couplings, switches, clamps etc. However, incorporation of contact in topology optimization is challenging, as classical contact models are not readily applicable when the boundaries are not defined. This paper aims to address the limitations of contact in topology optimization by extending the third medium contact method for topology optimization problems with internal contact. When the objective is to maximize a given contact load for a specified displacement, instabilities may arise as an optimum is approached. In order to alleviate stability problems as well as provide robustness of the optimized designs, a tangent stiffness requirement is introduced to the design objective. To avoid a non-physical exploitation of the third medium in optimized designs, small features are penalized by evaluating the volume constraint on a dilated design. The present work incorporates well-established methods in topology optimization including Helmholtz PDE filtering, threshold projection, Solid Isotropic Material Interpolation with Penalization, and the Method of Moving Asymptotes. Three examples are used to illustrate how the approach exploits internal contact in the topology optimization of structures subjected to large deformations.
Learn and route: learning implicit preferences for vehicle routing
Authors: Canoy Rocsildes , Bucarey Víctor , Mandi Jayanta , Guns Tias 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe investigate alearningdecision support system for vehicle routing, where the routing engine learns implicit preferences that human planners have when manually creating route plans (orroutings). The goal is to use these learnedsubjectivepreferences on top of the distance-basedobjectivecriterion in vehicle routing systems. This is an alternative to the practice of distinctively formulating a custom vehicle routing problem (VRP) for every company with its own routing requirements. Instead, we assume the presence of past vehicle routing solutions over similar sets of customers, and learn to make similar choices. The learning approach is based on the concept of learning a Markov model, which corresponds to a probabilistic transition matrix, rather than a deterministic distance matrix. This nevertheless allows us to use existing arc routing VRP software in creating the actual routings, and to optimize over both distances and preferences at the same time. For the learning, we explore different schemes to construct the probabilistic transition matrix that can co-evolve with changing preferences over time. Our results on randomly generated instances and on a use-case with a small transportation company show that our method is able to generate results that are close to the manually created solutions, without needing to characterize all constraints and sub-objectives explicitly. Even in the case of changes in the customer sets, our approach is able to find solutions that are closer to the actual routings than when using only distances, and hence, solutions that require fewer manual changes when transformed into practical routings.
Analysis of Moko disease propagation on plantain (Musa AAB Simmonds) through a model based on system dynamics
Authors: Grajales-Amorocho Marly , Acosta-Minoli Cesar , Muñoz-Pizza Dalia , Manrique-Arias Oscar , Munoz-Loaiza Aníbal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPlantain represents one of the principal sources of income for Colombian farmers, besides being an important aspect of the national culture. Plantain is part of the daily diet for different social levels. Nevertheless, its production is threatened by diseases that have devastated entire crops and have forced many families to change their agricultural occupation. Moko (Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype II race 2) is one of the diseases that over time has caused considerable loses and continues to bring major phytosanitary problems to the region. The easy transmission of the pathogen makes it necessary to implement methodologies that help to limit the epidemic spread of the disease. In order to improve our understanding of the propagation of the disease through the plant’s developmental stages and contribute to establishing better targeted control measures, this paper proposes a population simulation mathematical model, which seeks to interpret the dynamics of Moko disease, bearing in mind the influence of the plant’s developmental cycle. We investigate the implementation of disease prevention on the population of susceptible and infected plants over time. The model has a good fit to the field data. The simulations, using the parameters estimated, showed that early elimination of infected plants is important to reduce disease incidence. It is also important to implement strategies to prevent the spread of the bacteria, which translates to a smaller probability of infection in any state.
Constructions of homotopy 4-spheres by pochette surgery
Authors: Suzuki Tatsumasa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe boundary sum of the product of a circle with a 3-ball and the product of a disk with a 2-sphere is called a pochette. Pochette surgery, which was discovered by Iwase and Matsumoto, is a generalization of Gluck surgery and a special case of torus surgery. For a pochette P embedded in a 4-manifold X, a pochette surgery on X is the operation of removing the interior of P and gluing P by a diffeomorphism of the boundary of P. We present an explicit diffeomorphism of the boundary of P for constructing a 4-manifold after any pochette surgery. We also describe a necessary and sufficient condition for some pochette surgeries on any simply-connected closed 4-manifold create a 4-manifold with the same homotopy type of the original 4-manifold. In this paper we construct infinitely many embeddings of a pochette into the 4-sphere and prove that homotopy 4-spheres obtained from surgeries along these embedded pochettes are all diffeomorphic to the 4-sphere by some explicit handle calculus and relative handle calculus.
Synthesis of a 13C-methylene-labeled isoleucine precursor as a useful tool for studying protein side-chain interactions and dynamics
Authors: Höfurthner Theresa , Toscano Giorgia , Kontaxis Georg , Beier Andreas , Mayer Moriz , Geist Leonhard , McConnell Darryl B. , Weinstabl Harald , Lichtenecker Roman , Konrat Robert 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, we present the synthesis and incorporation of a metabolic isoleucine precursor compound for selective methylene labeling. The utility of this novel α-ketoacid isotopologue is shown by incorporation into the protein Brd4-BD1, which regulates gene expression by binding to acetylated histones. High quality single quantum 13C−1 H-HSQC were obtained, as well as triple quantum HTQC spectra, which are superior in terms of significantly increased 13C-T2 times. Additionally, large chemical shift perturbations upon ligand binding were observed. Our study thus proves the great sensitivity of this precursor as a reporter for side-chain dynamic studies and for investigations of CH-π interactions in protein-ligand complexes.