bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radio Listenership of Zokonda Amayi phone-in programme among women in rural Malawi
Authors: Kakhobwe Nthanda , Kiilu Tommy , Githiora Barnabas 
Published: January 2024

This study’s objective was to assess radio listenership among disadvantaged pastoral women on the outskirts of Lilongwe Malawi. A non-probability purposive sample of 384 women who listen to Zokonda Amayi phone-in radio programme was targeted. The respondents were identified by publicizing the study through village chiefs. Only female listeners who were intrigued in taking part registered for the survey. A mixed approach prototype was used to elucidate the aptness of phone-in radio programmes in elevating HIV and AIDS responsiveness in rural Malawian ladies as well as ascertaining the impact of Zokonda Amayi phone-in radio programme in combating the spread of HIV and AIDS. Data was assembled in a standardized fashion harnessing questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions on the research subjects. The investigation revealed that the majority of respondents were youthful. This study concluded that radio listenership among women is very high in the rural areas of Lilongwe. The findings authenticate that Zokonda Amayi phone-in radio programme is fulfilling an important educational function in the lives of rural women in Lilongwe District who have low educational attainment.
O PROBLEMA DA DEMARCAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA E O STATUS DA METAFÍSICA NO RACIONALISMO CRÍTICO DE POPPER
Authors: Parmeggiani Rodrigo Pedro Mella 
Published: January 2024

This article aims to present the main ideas surrounding the problem of scientific demarcation from the perspective of the philosopher of science Karl Popper. Firstly, it will seek to present the problem related to inductive reasoning, known as the problem of induction. Subsequently, Popper's demarcation criterion will be presented, namely, falsifiability and, finally, the treatment given to metaphysics. It is concluded that the criterion of falsifiability is characterised by its unilateral negative decisiveness, i.e. science should seek to falsify its theories and not verify them. This criterion enables a logical-deductive justification of the demarcation between scientific and metaphysical statements. Scientific knowledge comes to be understood as a corollary arising from conjectures and refutations. Metaphysics is elevated to the category of rational criticism, as well as a contributor to scientific endeavour through metaphysical research programmes.
Kantian Cosmopolitanism and the Challenge of its Racist Prejudices
Authors: Mballo Ousmane 
Published: January 2024

In the years 1788, Kant develops a conception of racial inequality in which he not only affirms the superiority of the « European » white race over other races, but also appears to approve of the enslavement of Black people. Kant’s theory of racial inequality baffles many, considering that in the moral philosophy he develops during the same period, he makes no compromises on the inviolability of human dignity. The aim of this text is not to deny Kant’s racism between 1764 and 1790, which is evident in his courses on physical geography and anthropology, but rather to demonstrate that Kant’s primary objective, which he never loses sight of in his various writings on race, is to explain the unity in diversity of the human species. While Kant’s theory of racial inequalities leaves no doubt about his racism between 1764 and 1790, it is inaccurate to claim that he remained constant in his views on non-European peoples. From 1795 onwards, in the Project for a Perpetual Peace and later in The Metaphysics of Morals (1797), Kant reevaluates his appreciation of non-European peoples, develops a more egalitarian conception of rights and race, and condemns European colonization.
Penerapan Aplikasi E-Cuti Berbasis Web Dengan Extreme Programming (Studi Kasus: Pengadilan Agama Jakarta Barat)
Authors: Siswopranoto Agung , Saputri Galuh 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
The West Jakarta Religious Court is one of the divisions of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia, now the leave process at the West Jakarta Religious Court is conventional or in the sense of the word manual. From the results of my observations at the West Jakarta Religious Court, employees need to take a leave application form at the personnel division. After that, the employee needs to fill out a form and ask for a signature from the Head of Sub-Division of each division to obtain leave permission. Then from the Head of the Sub-Division continued by asking for the signature of the Head of the West Jakarta Religious Court. After obtaining signatures from the West Jakarta Religious Court, the form is continued back to the Head of Personnel Sub-Section to recap data and reduce the employee's remaining leave. Based on this problem, a solution is proposed to overcome this problem, namely by creating a Web-based employee E-Leave application at the West Jakarta Religious Court, using the PHP programming language and MySQL database, as well as a software development method using Extreme Programming. Testing on the E-Leave application used ISO 25010 with two aspects of testing, namely the functionality usability aspect and obtaining 100% results and the operability aspect obtaining 85.24% results.
Keyword: West Jakarta PA Leave, Extreme Programming, Web, ISO 25010
Identification of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) in Milk: Scoping review
Authors: Lazareva Ekaterina G. , Fomenko Oleg Yu. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Since 2019, there has been a growing interest in assessing the potential risks of animal viral infections mutating into a form dangerous for humans. Research in the field of livestock product safety is being conducted in several directions, including the analysis and assessment of the impact of the most common cattle diseases on the quality and safety of the raw materials obtained. Of particular interest is the identification of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) in milk. Monitoring this virus will not only allow for the timely tracking of its presence in farmsteads, but also to evaluate the quality and safety of raw milk used for further dairy product production.Purpose: To analyze the main research directions in the field of molecular-genetic approach to the detection of bovine leukemia virus in cow's milk.Materials and Methods: This scoping review was carried out according to the protocol PRISMA-ScR. The articles were selected from the SCOPUS and ScienceDirect databases. The main criterion for including a publication in the review was the presence of information about the detection of BLV in milk by PCR method. Acceptance criteria also included document language (English), its type and status (published, peer-reviewed, review, and empirical articles) with no limitations on years.Results: In total, 3688 documents were extracted, among which a screening for duplicates was carried out, resulting in the extraction of 2905 search results for further analysis. At the stage of selecting publications by title and abstract, 2601 articles that did not match the context of the subject field review and the type of publication were excluded. Upon studying the full text of 38 articles, 23 were excluded. As a result of the analysis of the selected sources, 15 publications were included in the review. The studies analyzed were based both on simple and multi-stage methods of BLV identification. The source of biomaterial were blood, colostrum, raw milk, and meat from different animal samples.Conclusion: This scoping review is the first to summarize molecular-genetic approaches to the detection of BLV in milk. The presented results indicate the presence of a scientific base of methods for identifying BLV for further development of methods for controlling the presence of the virus and its proviral load in products, tightening control over the spread of economically harmful infectious diseases, potentially directly or indirectly dangerous for any consumer of dairy products.
Polysaccharide-Controlled Crystallization of Lactose in Sweetened Condensed Milk
Authors: Barkovskaya Irina Alexandrovna , Kruchinin Alexander Gennadievich , Turovskaya Svetlana Nikolaevna , Illarionova Elena Evgenievna , Bolshakova Ekaterina Ivanovna 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: One of the main problems when storing sweetened condensed milk is the formation of organoleptically perceptible lactose crystals larger than 10 microns. To prevent this defect, the technology of introducing a fine-crystalline lactose seed has widely proven itself, ensuring the production of a high-quality product. However, this traditional technology is energy-intensive, requires large production areas and metal-intensive equipment in the form of vacuum crystallizers. In this regard, research into alternative approaches that prevent spontaneous crystallization of lactose during the production of sweetened condensed milk remains relevant.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to create a composition of polysaccharides to prevent the formation of organoleptically perceptible lactose crystals in sweetened condensed milkMaterials and Methods: The materials used were commercial samples of skimmed milk powder, sugar, polysaccharides and whey protein hydrolyzate powder. The work used the methods of rotational viscometry, electron microscopy and the method of sorption-capacitance determination of bound waterResults: The paper presents data on the influence of individual polysaccharides, as well as their complexes on the process of crystallization of lactose in concentrated milk systems with sugar on the formation of a stable structure of matrices, reflecting the ability to have both positive and negative effects of hydrocolloids on the process of crystallization of lactose and changes in dynamic viscosity. For multicomponent complex systems containing carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate, tara gum, locust bean gum and gum arabic, both a synergistic effect, consisting in the intermolecular interaction of polysaccharides and slowing down the spontaneous crystallization of lactose, and an antagonism effect, manifested in an increase in crystal size, have been establishedConclusion: The composition containing tara gum, carboxymethylcellulose and gum arabic showed the most pronounced properties for inhibiting the growth of lactose crystals, as well as high thixotropic properties. In practical terms, the use of this complex additive for the production of condensed milk products with sugar by the method of restoring dry components can replace the classical process of seeding fine-crystalline lactose, and, accordingly, reduce the energy and metal consumption of the process of crystallization of lactose in the product
Phenotypic Variance in Introduced Rock Pigeons (Columba livia) in the Eastern United States.
Authors: Rackowski Sarah 
Published: January 2024

As an introduced species in North America, the Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) has established
itself in a vast array of climates and niches. In Captivity and in the wild, Rock Pigeons
exhibit great phenotypic variation in their plumage. In the time since the introduction of C. livia to North America, this phenotypic variation in feral pigeons established in different regions may have allowed them to adapt to local environmental conditions. To explore this idea, we focused on analyses of plumage and morphological Phenotypes in feral Rock Pigeons across the eastern United States of America. I found that northern Rock Pigeon populations had longer leg feathering, higher body mass, and significantly longer head length and shorter bills than southern populations. Furthermore, Rock Pigeons from New York, New York to Baltimore, Maryland have shorter tails when compared to other populations along the east coast. Head length was statistically shorter in southern populations compared to northern ones. These data suggest that feral Rock Pigeons in the eastern United States have adapted to local environments.
Qué Bonita: A Remarkable Story of Family, Structure, and Love
Authors: DaRoza Juliana 
Published: January 2024

Traditional bridal wear is often described as white dresses made for women to wear on the day they marry a man to become a wife. This description does not include the many different social identities and cultural variations that people inhabit. Today brides are not just looking for dresses or even white garments: today people are looking for a special outfit to marry the person they love whether that be a man or woman: they are looking for an outfit that will make them feel special and beautiful.
Through the use of practiced disruptive design techniques, I aim to transform the bridal industry into a space that’s inclusive and empowering to both people and the environment, starting with the way we view ourselves and society's definition of beauty by drawing inspiration from culture.
Through my inspiration from Mexico, the Catholic Church, their heritage, and spectacle, this collection will make people feel special, important, and confident. It will allow them to love themselves as they start a new chapter in their lives. As an esteemed bridal designer, Vera Wang once said, “It’s not just another dress, It’s the dress you’ll remember forever” (Wang).
Expanding, Characterizing, and Repurposing the Invertebrate Virosphere
Authors: Demopoulos Bryce , TenOever Benjamin 
Published: January 2024

Modern medicine demands the capacity to deliver genetic or biological cargo to specific cell types. Past efforts to achieve this goal have relied on the retooling and re-engineering of a small subset of vertebrate viruses with limited success. Remaining challenges with regards to in vivo delivery include finding novel viral vectors that can achieve different target specificities in addition to those that are more amenable to synthesize de novo. In an attempt to address these remaining limitations, we collected and sampled diverse invertebrate species to isolate and identify RNA viruses associated with them. As the invertebrate virosphere remains largely unknown, we hypothesized that we would identify novel viruses whose components could be characterized and repurposed to build a new suite of viral-based tools. To this end, we isolated and sequenced RNA from a diverse library of invertebrates (including 42 insects) by next-generation sequencing and subsequently performed de novo genome assembly on the reads obtained. Captured reads were analyzed for signatures of RNA dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) – a necessary component of all RNA viruses. The two putative novel virus genome assemblies discovered were named Castor and Pollux, and were characterized and independently confirmed by quantitative PCR. These small RNA viruses or their RdRps (less than 5kB) will, in the future, be synthesized and artificially launched in mammalian cells to ascertain whether they can be selected via guided evolution to function and deliver a desired genetic or biological cargo.
Toward a Spectrophotometric Characterization of the Chilean Night Sky. A First Quantitative Assessment of ALAN across the Coquimbo Region
Authors: Angeloni Rodolfo , Uchima-Tamayo Juan Pablo , Arancibia Marcelo Jaque , Ruiz-Carmona Roque , Olivares Diego Fernández , Sanhueza Pedro , Damke Guillermo , Moyano Ricardo , Firpo Verónica , Fuentes Javier , Sayago Javier 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Light pollution is recognized as a global issue that, like other forms of anthropogenic pollution, has a significant impact on ecosystems and adverse effects on living organisms. Plentiful evidence suggests that it has been increasing at an unprecedented rate at all spatial scales. Chile—which, thanks to its unique environmental conditions, has become one of the most prominent astronomical hubs of the world—seems to be no exception. In this paper we present the results of the first observing campaign aimed at quantifying the effects of artificial lights at night on the brightness and colors of the Chilean sky. Through the analysis of photometrically calibrated all-sky images captured at four representative sites with an increasing degree of anthropization, and the comparison with state-of-the-art numerical models, we show that significant levels of light pollution have already altered the appearance of the natural sky even in remote areas. Our observations reveal that the light pollution level recorded in a small town of the Coquimbo Region is comparable with that of Flagstaff, Arizona, a ten times larger Dark Sky city, and that a mid-size urban area that is a gateway to the Atacama Desert displays photometric indicators of night sky quality that are typical of the most densely populated regions of Europe. Our results suggest that there is still much to be done in Chile to keep light pollution under control and thus preserve the darkness of its night sky—a natural and cultural heritage that it is our responsibility to protect.
Formation of Massive Black Holes with M = (103–108) M
⊙ at Pre-quasar Epochs through Hoyle–Lyttleton–Bondi Accretion of Self-interacting Dark Matter onto a Moving Seed
Authors: Das Nirmali , Kalita Sanjeev 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The presence of supermassive black holes with M ∼ 109
M
⊙ hosted by the luminous quasars at cosmological redshift z ≥ 6 is still an open problem in astrophysical cosmology. Here we study the formation of massive black holes at high redshift (z ≫ 7) through Hoyle–Lyttleton–Bondi accretion of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) onto a 20 M
⊙ seed black hole moving with a velocity ∼100 km s−1 inside the short, mean-free path region of an SIDM halo. We consider observational constraints on a specific SIDM cross section, σ/m
dm = (0.1–5) cm2 g−1. Formation timescale of massive black holes with M = (103–108) M
⊙ is calculated for the universal Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) profile, singular isothermal sphere (SIS), other power-law profiles with a cusp index 2.19 ≤ γ ≤ 2.5 of accreted dark matter, and modified-core isothermal profiles. The ambient sound speed is taken as C

s
= (10–100) km s−1. It is found that an NFW profile with halo concentration C = 4.75–32.58 estimated at z = 20 and 30 for halo masses M
200 = (1012–1014) M
⊙ favors formation of massive black holes with M = (103–108) M
⊙ at high redshift, well before quasar epoch. In this profile, these black holes grow within timescales (0.1–69) Myr at z = 16–20. For the SIS profile, the black hole formation timescales are short compared to NFW. For power-law profiles, massive black holes with M = (106–108) M
⊙ grow within a few tens to 100 Myr (z = 5–30). For modified-core isothermal profiles, the timescale of massive black hole formation is in the range (0.79–464.08) Myr (z = 8–30).
Weak Solar Radio Bursts from the Solar Wind Acceleration Region Observed by the Parker Solar Probe and Its Probable Emission Mechanism
Authors: Chen 陈 Ling 玲 , Ma 马 Bing 兵 , Wu 吴 DeJin 德金 , Zhou 周 Xiaowei 晓伟 , Pulupa Marc , Zhang 张 PeiJin 沛锦 , Zucca Pietro , Bale Stuart D. , Kasper Justin C. , Duan 段 SuPing 素平 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) provides us with an unprecedentedly close approach to the observation of the Sun and hence the possibility of directly understanding the elementary process that occurs on the kinetic scale of particles' collective interaction in solar coronal plasmas. We report a type of weak solar radio burst (SRB) that was detected by PSP when it passed a low-density magnetic channel during its second encounter phase. These weak SRBs have a low starting frequency of ∼20 MHz and a narrow frequency range from a few tens of MHz to a few hundred kHz. Their dynamic spectra display a strongly evolving feature of the intermediate relative drift rate decreasing rapidly from above 0.01 s−1 to below 0.01 s−1. Analyses based on common empirical models of solar coronal plasmas indicate that these weak SRBs originate from a heliocentric distance of ∼1.1–6.1 R
S (the solar radius), a typical solar wind acceleration region with a low-β plasma, and that their sources have a typical motion velocity of ∼v
A (Alfvén velocity) obviously lower than that of the fast electrons required to effectively excite SRBs. We propose that solitary kinetic Alfvén waves with kinetic scales could be responsible for the generation of these small-scale weak SRBs, called solitary wave radiation.
The Effect of Salinity on Ocean Circulation and Ice–Ocean Interaction on Enceladus
Authors: Zeng Yaoxuan , Jansen Malte F. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Observational data suggest that the ice shell on Enceladus is thicker at the equator than at the pole, indicating an equator-to-pole ice flow. If the ice shell is in an equilibrium state, the mass transport of the ice flow must be balanced by the freezing and melting of the ice shell, which in turn is modulated by the ocean heat transport. Here we use a numerical ocean model to study the ice–ocean interaction and ocean circulation on Enceladus with different salinities. We find that salinity fundamentally determines the ocean stratification. A stratified layer forms in the low-salinity ocean, affecting the ocean circulation and heat transport. However, in the absence of tidal heating in the ice shell, the ocean heat transport is found to always be toward lower latitudes, resulting in freezing at the poles, which cannot maintain the ice shell geometry against the equator-to-pole ice flow. The simulation results suggest that either the ice shell on Enceladus is not in an equilibrium state or tidal dissipation in the ice shell is important in maintaining the ice shell geometry. The simulations also suggest that a positive feedback between cross-equatorial ocean heat transport and ice melting results in spontaneous symmetry breaking between the two hemispheres. This feedback may play a role in the observed interhemispheric asymmetry in the ice shell.
Spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Visimskiy Biosphere Reserve (Middle Urals): 37 years of arachnological research
Authors: Ukhova Nadezhda , Esyunin Sergei , Sozontov Artëm 
Published: January 2024

More than 30 articles concerning spiders’ diversity and assemblages’ structure within the Visimskiy Reserve have been published since its establishment 52 years ago. The literature provides data on 260 recorded species, one of which has been described as a new species. The majority of these records were not annotated. The peak of publication activity was in the 2nd part of the 1990s and the beginning of the 21st century. The greatest amount of material was collected between 2012 and 2018, within long-term plots with quantitative observations of epigean and litter-dwelling spiders, focusing on wind-throw and post-fire successions.
This article summarises all the literature and field primary data. We also list 18 species new to the reserve's fauna, which currently comprises 278 species. Doubtful and invalid records have been excluded from the species list. The occurrences in the dataset are supported by detailed information about vegetation cover at the time of collection. This is important in the context of research on fauna and community changes along the vegetation succession, including wind-thrown and post-fire restoration.
Modicella guangxiensis (Mortierellomycota, Mortierellaceae), a new species from south-western karst areas of China
Authors: Mou Guang-Fu , Bau Tolgor 
Published: January 2024

Modicella Kanouse (1936) is the only genus of Mortierellaceae known to produce macroscopic fruiting bodies in the form of small, whitish, round sporocarps. Specimens which belong to Modicella were collected during our field investigations in tropical karst areas of China. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a new species is introduced.
Modicella guangxiensis is described as a new species from tropical karst areas of China. The main distinguishing characteristics of M. guangxiensis are the number of sporangiospores per sporangium (11–18), the size of sporangiospores (14–34 × 12–27.5 μm) and the surface of some hyphae with hemispherical tuber. The phylogenetic analyses, based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) regions of rDNA sequences using Bayesian (BA) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods showed that the new taxon is closely related to M. reniformis.