bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of peribulbar bupivacaine at the end of surgery in the management of postoperative pain after scleral buckling
Authors: Kumar R Madhu , Sumanth I M , Kanakamedla Ashok , Sagar Pradeep , Konana Vinaya K 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
To compare the efficacy of peribulbar bupivacaine with routine analgesics for pain management in patients undergoing scleral buckling.

Methods:
In total, 72 patients undergoing scleral buckling or combined with vitrectomy were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomized into two groups, each containing 36 patients. Patients of group A received 5 mL of bupivacaine (0.5%) injection at the end of surgery, whereas group B patients received routine analgesics. The postoperative pain score was assessed in the first 24 hours of the postoperative period with the visual pain analog score.

Results:
Maximum postoperative pain scores were lower in patients receiving bupivacaine block (median: 3; range: 3–7) than in the control group (median: 5; range: 3–9). Pain scores in group A were lower than in the control group both at 3 and 6 hours after surgery, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Four patients in group A and 17 patients in group B needed additional analgesia in the first 24 hours of the postoperative period. In addition, two patients in group A and seven patients in group B experienced episodes of nausea and vomiting in the first 24 hours of surgery.

Conclusion:
The results of this study suggest that the postoperative experience of patients undergoing scleral buckling surgery can be made more comfortable with the use of bupivacaine block at the end of surgery.
Comparative results of use and switching of anti-TNF-alpha agents in adult Behçet’s uveitis
Authors: Mesen Selma , Ozer Muhammet D , Batur Muhammed 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
This study was planned to compare the clinical results and optical coherence tomography (OCT) data of patients who underwent adalimumab (ADA), infliximab (IFX) and switched protocols between these two methods in cases of Behçet’s associated uveitis (BAU).

Methods:
The patients with BAU who were treated with anti-TNF-α agents for at least one year were qualified for the chart review. The outcome parameters were the steroid-free remission state, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the central macular thickness (CMT), and the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) of the patients at the last visit.

Results:
After a mean follow-up of 16.60 months, the rate of active inflammation decreased from 63.6% to 15.1%. Mean BCVA increased, mean CMT and mean SFCT decreased significantly at the last visit (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion:
Anti-TNF-α treatment and switching protocols between these two agents effectively and safely control intraocular inflammation in BAU patients.
Regional analysis of posterior corneal elevation after laser refractive surgeries for correction of myopia of different degrees
Authors: Chen Tong , Li Na , Ge Tian , Lin Yue , Wu Xiaohui , Gao Hua , Liu Mingna 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate regional changes in the posterior corneal elevation after three laser refractive surgeries for correction of myopia of different degrees.

Settings and Design:
Retrospective, comparative, and non-randomized study.

Methods:
Two hundred patients (200 eyes) who underwent laser epithelial keratoplasty (LASEK), femtosecond-assisted laser in-situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK), and small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) were included in this study. According to preoperative spherical equivalent (SE), each surgical group was divided into two refractive subgroups: low-to-moderate myopia (LM group) and high myopia (H group). The posterior corneal elevation from Pentacam Scheimpflug tomography was analyzed preoperatively and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively. Three subregions of the posterior cornea were divided in this study as the central, paracentral, and peripheral regions.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE).

Results:
For all three surgical groups, similar changing trends were seen in the two refractive subgroups. H group presented a larger changing magnitude than the LM group in FS-LASIK over time (P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was noted in the two refractive subgroups of LASEK or SMILE (P > 0.05). At 12 months postoperatively, the central posterior corneal elevation returned to the preoperative level in LASEK (P > 0.05) but shifted forward significantly in FS-LASIK and SMILE (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Different posterior corneal regions respond differently to corneal refractive surgeries. LASEK, FS-LASIK, and SMILE demonstrate different trends in the regional changes in posterior corneal elevation. The corneal shape seems more stable in LASEK than in FS-LASIK and SMILE.
Safety and therapeutic efficacy of 577 nm yellow solid krypton laser for retinopathy of prematurity; A prospective pilot study
Authors: Vyas Aneesha , Tiwari Sarvesh , Subramanyam Anand 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the outcome of 577 nm yellow solid krypton laser as an independent treatment modality for Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Design:
Prospective, non-comparative, non-randomized, interventional.

Methods:
A prospective pilot study was conducted on 30 treatment eyes with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) who underwent treatment with a 577 nm yellow solid state krypton laser. 3nethraNEO pediatric retinal imaging system was used to screen these infants born between March to August 2022. Pre procedure data such as gestational age (weeks), birth weight (g), and exposure to risk factors were recorded. Power (mW), exposure duration (msec), and number of laser spots administered were noted. Pain was assessed using the Neonatal Pain/Agitation and Sedation Scale (N-PASS). Post procedure data such as regression, persistence or reactivation of disease, and adverse effects were looked for. All eyes were followed up for a period of 3 months.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test.

Results:
Out of 30 eyes, 09 (30%) had type I and 21 (70%) had non-type I ROP. In type I disease, the mean power used was 88+/-10 mW with exposure duration of 130+/-27 msec and an average number of 890+/-260 burns were administered. In non-type I disease, the mean power used was 87+/-10 mW with an exposure duration of 150 ms and an average number of 900+/-290 burns were administered. The mean pain score calculated was 5 in type I and 6 in non-type I ROP. All eyes showed regression of disease after treatment.

Conclusion:
577 nm yellow solid krypton laser was safe and effective in treating retinopathy of prematurity disease.
Effects of stress management and relationship-enrichment counseling on sexual and marital satisfaction of working women with high occupational stress
Authors: Kazemi Leily , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Esmaeilpour Khalil , Kamalifard Mahin 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Industrialization of societies has placed considerable stress on employees influencing marital and sexual satisfaction. This study investigated the effects of stress management (SM) and relationship enrichment (RE) counseling on marital and sexual satisfaction in stressed women working at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences hospitals, Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this quasi-experimental study, 75 nurses and midwives experiencing moderate-to-severe occupational stress after obtaining written informed consent were assigned to SM and RE counseling and control groups randomly. The SM and RE attended six-related counseling sessions, and control group received no intervention. The participants completed Osipow’s Revised Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI-R), ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale, and Larson’s Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire before and 2 weeks after the intervention. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA.

RESULTS:
SM counseling led to relatively good increase in sexual satisfaction. In addition, there was no significant difference between the three groups in the mean occupational stress scores and marital satisfaction scores.

CONCLUSION:
SM counseling increased the level of sexual satisfaction. The approaches had no significant effect on occupational stress and marital satisfaction. Further studies are required to identify the best counseling approaches.
The effect of “clinical virtual round” on clinical self-efficacy among midwifery students
Authors: Naysanian Ghazal , Kardan Elahe , Mohamadirizi Soheila 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
One of the methods of clinical education is clinical rounds which makes students more skilled in the comprehensive care of patients. since midwifery students are faced with low-risk and high-risk cases of mothers during the perinatal period, Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to their clinical self-efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine. The effect of “clinical virtual round” on clinical self-efficacy among midwifery students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The study was experimental with the control group design. The subjects were randomly divided into the intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. two groups received clinical virtual round and report back model (respectively). subjects in both groups responded to the 20-item clinical self-efficacy Questionnaire, before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with paired t-test and t-student by SPSS v 22.

RESULTS:
The baseline mean ± SD scores for clinical self-efficacy in interventional and control groups were 10.1 ± 1.32, and 10.1 ± 3.05 respectively (P = 0.233). clinical virtual round increased clinical self-efficacy (65.1 ± 1.42) of midwifery students compared with the control group (11.1 ± 1.72) (P = 0.002).

CONCLUSION:
According to this study’s results, it is recommended that clinical virtual rounds can be increasing clinical self-efficacy among midwifery students.
Commonly used diagnostic label, classes, domain, and formulation among nursing students in Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria
Authors: Ojo Iyanuoluwa O. , Kazeem Elizabeth O. , Oyediran Olufemi O. , Oladosu Timothy O. , Olaogun Adenike A. , Adejumo Prisca O. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
In order to select nursing actions that will produce the desired results, a nursing diagnosis is crucial. Despite this, it can be challenging for nursing students to recognize and create precise nursing diagnostic labels that are particular to a patient’s situation. The study’s objectives are to identify the diagnostic labels, classes, and domains that are frequently formulated by nursing students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A descriptive cross-sectional methodology and a self-developed questionnaire were utilized to gather information from 120 nursing students who were chosen using a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive and inferential (Chi-square) statistics were used to analyze the data. The 0.05 P- value was chosen.

RESULTS:
The respondent’s average age is 23 ± 21.4 years. The majority of respondents (94.2%) concurred that greater exposure to clinical settings, case discussion methods (92.5%), as well as group case studies (90.8%) strategy, can all improve the creation of precise diagnostic labels. Additionally, the deficient fluid volume diagnostic label is the one that is most usually utilized (78.3%). Overall results show that the diagnostic labels that are used the most frequently are those for domains 4 (Activity/Rest) and 11 (Safety/Protection). There was no relationship (P = 0.061) between the commonly used diagnostic label and the chosen schools.

CONCLUSION:
The study offered empirical data on the most used diagnostic labels and domains. Therefore, it will be important that nursing students involve critical reasoning skills as well as familiarize themselves with other significant domains and classes that are useful in the patient’s care.
Evaluating the effect of a training program on type 2 diabetic patient’s self-care: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Hermis Alaa Hamza , Muhaibes Fakhria Jaber 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Diabetes mellitus is one of the growing medical problems that affect people of all ages worldwide. Education is an important part of treatment in this chronic condition. The primary objectives of diabetes education include improving knowledge and skills, changing the patient’s behavior, motivating them to follow therapeutic recommendations, establishing self-care habits, and increasing their psychological resilience. The authors aimed to examine the effect of a training program on type 2 diabetic patients’ self care and investigate their perspectives on the educational program.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The current study used a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design that was conducted in Iraq. Sixty patients who met the selection criteria were included in the study. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire and the Diabetes Self-Care Scale (DSCS). Data analysis was done by independent T-tests and Paired t-tests were used to compare the scores before and after the intervention.

RESULTS:
The sample included 60 diabetic patients with more than half of them being female (55%). Most respondents aged between 50 and 60 years old, and next to half of them had only primary school education. We found that training programs can improve self-care behavior among diabetic patients so that following the intervention, the self-care score increased from 1.79 ± 0.360 to 3.17 ± 0.546 (P = 0.01).

CONCLUSION:
Since diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the whole individual’s life, self-care plays an important role in preventing potential complications and improving quality of life. Training programs, on the other hand, increase the awareness and knowledge of patients and enable them to handle this chronic condition properly.
Self-directed learning for medical graduates: A boon or bane in disguise? A cross-sectional study in Chennai
Authors: Siraja Ameenah A. H. , Mohamed Sher A. , Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Lonimath Ashwini , Rushender C. Rajan 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Self-directed learning (SDL) is an essential aspect of adult education or andragogy, gaining significance in medical education with the introduction of competency-based medical education. The primary objective of this study is to assess the self-directed learning abilities of second-year medical undergraduates in Chennai, South India, and to identify potential challenges and gaps in their learning process.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 82 second-year medical students attending self-directed learning sessions at a medical college in Chennai. Data were collected using the self-directed learning instrument (SDLI), a standardized questionnaire, administered through Google Forms. Participants’ identities were maintained confidential. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Descriptive data were presented as proportions and percentages. Normally distributed quantitative data were expressed as mean and standard deviation. Non-normal continuous data were expressed as median and interquartile range (IQR).

RESULTS:
The majority of the students (61%) demonstrated a high level of SDL ability, with a median score of 76. Students exhibited strong learning motivation (mean score 4.11) but struggled with planning and implementation (mean score 3.07). The maximum mean score was 4.11 for item 3 (constant improvement and excelling in learning), and the minimum mean score was 3.07 for item 11 (arranging and controlling learning time). The students showed high self-monitoring (mean score 3.76) and interpersonal communication skills (mean score 4.00).

CONCLUSIONS:
SDL emerges as a boon for medical undergraduates in this study. By providing adequate training to faculty members on SDL implementation and guidance to students on planning and time management, SDL can play a pivotal role in enhancing medical education quality and fostering life-long learning among future medical professionals.
Students’ perspectives on their early dropout of medical school
Authors: Hefny Ashraf F. , Albawardi Alia , Khan Moien AB , Fathi Mai A. , Mansour Nirmin A. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Enrolling in medical school launches a more demanding and stressful way of life for newly admitted students. Some students will struggle academically and will ultimately drop out from medical school. The study aims to understand the perspectives that dropped-out students have and their opinion regarding possible preventative solutions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study uses a mixed-method approach. The results of students’ examinations in the first 2 years of admission (within four academic years from 2016 until 2020) were collected from the medical school records. A questionnaire was developed to investigate the causes of early attrition during the study period. All dropped-out students who were admitted were included in this study.

RESULTS:
The study included 479 admitted students, 349 (72.9%) were females; 152 (31.7%) students dropped out in the premedical program (first two years); 104 (68.4%) of the dropped-out students were females. Thirty-five (23%) students responded to the questionnaire. Twenty-eight (80%) respondents believed that their low academic performance and leaving medical school was primarily related to psychological problems, 19 (54%) of respondents reported leaving for social reasons, and lack of self-organization in 13 (37.1%) respondents. Human anatomy was recorded as the most difficult course in the first year by 21 (63.6%) students.

CONCLUSIONS:
The cause of attrition is often multifactorial and complex. Psychological problems are one of the important factors in students with low academic performance and dropping out of the students. Some difficult courses in the curriculum may affect the students’ academic performance leading to their attrition.
Link between individual resilience and aggressiveness in dental students and the mediating effect of spirituality: A path analysis
Authors: Anjum Shamim , Mishra Gaurav , Kankane Nishita , Khetan Jitendra , Mahajan Namrata , Patel Aditi , Chhabra Kumar G. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
The role of spirituality in people’s lives, particularly the lives of health professionals, as well as its impact on mental health issues like anger and aggressiveness and resilience, are particularly significant. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the link between the propensity for violence and personal resilience in dental students by taking into account the function of spirituality as a mediator.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this cross-sectional questionnaire survey, 211 volunteer dentistry students participated from a government institute in Jammu and Kashmir, India using a stratified sample procedure. The Spiritual Orientation Scale, Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used to gather the data. SPSS version 20.0 was used for conducting a bivariate analysis to ascertain the directionality connection between the research variables. In addition; structural equation modelling analysis was conducted by Smart PLS.

RESULTS:
According to the findings, resilience and spirituality have a substantial and positive link (r = 0.468 r = 0.023). Aggressiveness and resilience revealed a statistically significant inverse link (r = 0.325, P = 0.04), but aggression and spirituality had no significant correlation. Spirituality played a substantial mediation influence in the indirect pathway of violence on resilience (P = 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
According to the study’s findings, spirituality can help pupils become more resilient as individuals and can act as a helpful intermediary between aggressiveness and resilience.
Phakic anterior chamber intraocular lens removal with simultaneous posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Alió del Barrio Jorge L. , II Medalle Ronald Steven , Pederzolli Matteo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to describe a case and clinical course of simultaneous anterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (AC-pIOL) removal, implantation of a posterior chamber phakic intraocular implantable collamer lens (ICL), and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). This was a case report of a 44-year-old male with a unilateral decompensated cornea from a displaced Duet–Kelman lens on his left eye that underwent pIOL extraction and implantation of a posterior chamber phakic intraocular ICL and simultaneous DMEK. After 6 months, the cornea of the left eye had regained clarity, the Descemet membrane was graft stable, and the ICL implanted was centered with good vault. Postoperative anisometropia was avoided. There was no development of cataracts or other complications. The simultaneous pIOL extraction, ICL implantation, and DMEK in our case showed good results with full restoration of anterior segment anatomy and return of transparency of the cornea. The current case shows the feasibility of the simultaneous approach instead of sequential as an alternative for patients with endothelial disease associated with AC pIOLs, restoring vision and anatomy and also avoiding postoperative anisometropia.
Optimization of Core Loss for Power Transformer Using Taguchi Method
Authors: A Geetha , K S Balamurugan , P Geetha , M Jemimah Carmicharl , S Usha 
Published: February 2024

This article focuses on the optimization of process parameters such as core area, core material and voltage for the design of power transformer. It employs Taguchi orthogonal array technique for designing the experiments and its analysis. Utility transformers are usually specified with the losses associated at design stage. The area of the core cross-section applied voltage, as well as the core material all has impact core loss deterioration. The impact of such variables influencing core loss is investigated by executing the model. A small proportion of core as well as the coil assembly experiments is simulated using the Taguchi approach with the orthogonal array. In this study, the core as well as the coil assembly of an 8MVA, 33/11KV, 3 Phase Transformer is modelled in ANSYS MAXWELL software. MINITAB software is used to assess the program's anticipated core loss in order to discover the optimal arrangement for three control variables.
Comparison of the median and ulnar nerves of rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy subjects by ultrasound
Authors: Atan Uzun Çiğdem , Sunar İsmihan , Günendi Zafer , Nur Göğüş Feride 
Published: February 2024

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate ulnar and median nerve cross-sectional areas (CSAs) by ultrasonography in RA patients who had no signs or symptoms of neurologic involvement.
Patients and methods: This case-control study was conducted with 76 participants (72 females, 4 males; mean age: 53.2+10.9 years; range, 18 to 65 years) between April 2011 and April 2013. Of the participants, 38 were RA patients without any signs or symptoms of ulnar or median nerve involvement, and 38 were healthy subjects. All participants were evaluated with ultrasound. The median and ulnar nerve CSAs were measured at the proximal inlet of the carpal tunnel using the pisiform bone as a landmark.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences between patients and controls in terms of median and ulnar CSAs (p>0.05). There were no correlations between median and ulnar CSAs of the dominant hand and age, height, weight, and disease duration. The median nerve CSA was >10 mm2 in 24% of the RA patients and 14% of controls, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.20).
Conclusion: Similar median and ulnar CSAs were detected in RA patients and healthy controls. These findings cannot rule out a subclinical neurologic involvement.