bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathological Morphometric Evaluation of 2 Different Hydroxyapatite‐Bone Derivatives in Sinus Augmentation Procedures: A Comparative Study in Humans
Authors: Artzi Zvi , Nemcovsky Carlos E. , Tal Haim , Dayan Dan 
Published: February 2005

Background: Xenografts to augment the maxillary sinus have been used extensively. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, qualitatively and quantitatively, two different HA derivatives of natural and synthetic sources on newly formed bone in the augmented sinus.Methods: A bilateral sinus augmentation procedure with simultaneous (16 out of 20 sites) or subsequent implant placement was performed in 10 patients. The antrum was randomly filled with a deproteinized, bovine hydroxyapatite mineral (B‐HA) on one side and a non‐ceramic resorbable hydroxyapatite (NC‐HA) on the other. Cylindrical specimens were harvested from the augmented core at 12 months. Decalcified specimens were sectioned at a cross‐horizontal plane and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathologic and histomorphometric examinations. Tissue area fractions of bone, marrow, and the grafted particles were calculated for each specimen from the lateral to the deep region, and changes in values were compared within each material and between them.Results: New bone formation was evident. B‐HA and NC‐HA particles were observed in all specimens surrounded by newly formed bone in direct connection or by soft tissue marrow. Morphometrically in the B‐HA sites, from the lateral to deeper area, bone area fraction increased from 29.8% to 54.2% (average 42.1%) and marrow area fraction decreased from 37.9% to 26.7% (average 33.3%). The mineral area fraction decreased from 32.3% to 19.1% (average 24.7%). All increasing/decreasing patterns were statistically significant (P <0.001). In the NC‐HA sites, from the lateral to deeper area, bone area fraction increased from 25% to 36.5% (average 32.3%) and marrow area fraction decreased from 51.6% to 41.9% (average 43.2%) (P <0.001). The mineral area fraction decreased from 29% to 21.7% (average 24.6%) (P = 0.038). Comparison between the two HA derivative groups showed a significant difference between the bone area fraction averages (P = 0.0053) and between the increasing patterns along the core depth (P = 0.0006). There was also a significant difference between the decreasing marrow patterns (P = 0.003), but not between their averages. Comparison between the mineral area fractions showed no differences.<Conclusions: B‐HA and NC‐HA were proven to be biocompatible materials. Although the B‐HA–augmented sites showed a higher percentage of bone formation at 12 months, both are suitable bone derivatives in sinus augmentation procedures and can accommodate osseointegrated implants. J Periodontol 2001;72:911‐920.
Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Drug‐Induced Gingival Overgrowth
Authors: Uzel M. Ilhan , Kantarci Alpdogan , Hong Hsiang‐Hsi , Uygur Cem , Sheff Michael C. , Firatli Erhan , Trackman Philip C. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Drug‐induced gingival overgrowth is a known side effect of certain chemotherapeutic agents used for the treatment of systemic disorders. The pathogenesis and mechanisms responsible for this condition are not fully understood. This study assesses for the presence and localization of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in drug‐induced gingival overgrowth tissues. CTGF immunostaining was compared with sections stained with transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 and CD31 antibodies in order to investigate possible pathogenic mechanisms.Methods: Gingival overgrowth samples were obtained from patients undergoing therapy with phenytoin (n = 9), nifedipine (n = 4), cyclosporin A (n = 5), and control tissues from systemically healthy donors (n = 9). Tissue sections were subjected to peroxidase immunohistochemistry and were stained with CTGF and TGF‐β1 polyclonal primary antibodies. Possible relationships between CTGF staining and angiogenesis were also studied using an anti‐CD31 antibody as a marker for endothelial cells. Staining was analyzed by computerassisted quantitative and semiquantitative methodology at 5 defined sites in all samples based on the location of specific landmarks including epithelium and underlying connective tissues.Results: Cellular and extracellular CTGF content in phenytoin gingival overgrowth tissues was significantly (P <0.05) higher compared to the other gingival overgrowth tissues and the controls. Higher CTGF staining in phenytoin gingival overgrowth tissues was accompanied by an increased abundance of fibroblasts and connective tissue fibers. No strong association of CTGF staining with TGF‐β1 or CD31 staining was found.Conclusions: The data from the present study show significantly higher CTGF staining in phenytoin‐induced gingival overgrowth tissues compared to controls, cyclosporin A‐, or nifedipine‐induced gingival overgrowth. Moreover, semiquantitative analyses of histologic samples support the concept that the phenytoin overgrowth tissues are fibrotic. These associations suggest a possible role for CTGF in promoting development of fibrotic lesions in phenytoin‐induced gingival overgrowth. J Periodontol 2001;72:921‐931.
Erythema Multiforme Secondary to Herpes Simplex Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Ayangco Lilibeth , Sheridan Phillip J. , Rogers Roy S. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Erythema multiforme (EM) is a complex disease that may have cutaneous and/or mucosal involvement. The severity may range from mild to severe and potentially life threatening. The literature cites many factors including viruses, infections, and medications as causes. This report documents a patient who developed EM secondary to a herpes simplex viral (HSV) infection.Methods: Two weeks following an eruption of herpes labialis, a 20‐year‐old white female patient developed acutely painful oral and labial ulcers accompanied by target skin lesions. A diagnosis of erythema multiforme (EM) was made. The patient was treated with antivirals, analgesics, and symptomatic therapy.Results: Nine days after the onset of symptoms, the oral and cutaneous lesions had started to heal and the patient no longer required pain medication.Conclusions: Although the etiology of EM is still often unknown, infections with herpes simplex virus have been implicated as a possible precipitating factor. This case illustrates the association of the occurrence of EM with an HSV infection. J Periodontol 2001;72:953‐;957.
Levels of Platelet‐Activating Factor in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Gingival Tissue in Specific Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Emingil Gülnur , Çinarcik Serhat , Baylas Haluk , Hüseyinov Afig 
Published: February 2005

Background: Platelet‐activating factor (PAF), a potent phospholipid mediator of inflammatory and immune reactions, is involved in a variety of biological responses seen in periodontal diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of PAF in the pathogenesis of specific periodontal diseases.Methods: PAF levels were investigated in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and gingival tissue (GT) samples of 12 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), 6 patients with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP), 10 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 6 with gingivitis (G), and 6 periodontally healthy subjects (H). Periodontal status was evaluated by measuring probing depth, gingival index, papillary bleeding index, and plaque index. PAF was extracted from GCF samples passing through amberlit resin columns, purified by high performance liquid chromatographic method, and then analyzed by radioimmunoassay.Results: GAgP, LAgP, and CP groups had significantly higher GCF PAF levels compared to the H group (P <0.005). Although statistically not significant, GCF PAF levels were also higher in the G group than those of the H group (P = 0.0784). GAgP, LAgP, and CP groups had similar GCF PAF levels (P >0.005). These groups had higher levels of GCF PAF than those of the G group, but the difference was significant only for the GAgP group (P <0.005). When the data were expressed as concentration, GAgP, LAgP, and CP groups were found to have higher concentrations of GCF PAF compared to the H group (P <0.005). GCF PAF concentration was similar in patient groups (P >0.005). All patient groups had significantly higher GT PAF levels compared to the H group (P <0.005). GAgP, LAgP, and CP groups had similar amounts of GCF and GT PAF (P >0.005). GAgP, LAgP, and CP groups had higher GT PAF levels than those of the G group, but the differences were only significant for LAgP and CP groups (P <0.005). No significant correlation was found between GCF and GT PAF levels and clinical parameters.Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that PAF is likely to be an important mediator in regulating inflammatory responses in the human periodontal tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first report investigating PAF levels in GCF and GT in specific periodontal diseases. We believe that this potent phospholipid mediator may need to be considered in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. J Periodontol 2001;72:1032‐1037.
Effect of Non‐Surgical Periodontal Therapy on C‐Telopeptide Pyridinoline Cross‐Links (ICTP) and Interleukin‐1 Levels
Authors: Al‐Shammari Khalaf F. , Giannobile William V. , Aldredge Wayne A. , Iacono Vincent J. , Eber Robert M. , Wang Hom‐La , Oringer Richard J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Biochemical markers harvested from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) may be useful to identify and predict periodontal disease progression and to monitor the response to treatment. Ctelopeptide pyridinoline cross‐links (ICTP), a host‐derived breakdown product specific for bone, and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1), a potent boneresorptive cytokine, have been associated with periodontal tissue destruction. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on GCF levels of ICTP and IL‐1.Methods: Twenty‐five chronic periodontitis subjects were monitored at 8 sites per subject at baseline prior to scaling and root planing and 1, 3, and 6 months after therapy. Four shallow (probing depths <4 mm) and 4 deep (probing depths ≥5 mm) sites were monitored for both marker levels and clinical parameters. GCF was collected for 30 seconds on paper strips, and levels of ICTP and IL‐1 were determined using radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques, respectively. Clinical measurements included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP).Results: Deep sites exhibited significantly (P <0.001) higher ICTP and IL‐1 levels compared to shallow sites at all time intervals. ICTP demonstrated a stronger association to clinical parameters than IL‐1 including a modest correlation (r = 0.40, P <0.001) between ICTP and attachment loss. Significant improvements in PD, CAL, and BOP were observed at 1, 3, and 6 months in all sites (P <0.01). However, non‐surgical mechanical therapy did not significantly reduce ICTP and IL‐1 levels over the 6‐month period. Further examination of subjects based on smoking status revealed that ICTP levels were significantly reduced at 3 and 6 months and IL‐1 levels reduced at 3 months among non‐smokers only.Conclusions: A single episode of non‐surgical mechanical therapy did not significantly reduce biochemical markers associated with bone resorption in patients exhibiting chronic periodontitis. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to specifically evaluate the relationship between C‐telopeptide pyridinoline cross‐links and periodontal disease progression. J Periodontol 2001;72:1045‐1051.
Failure of Resin Ionomers in the Retention of Multi‐Rooted Teeth With Class III Furcation Involvement: A Rebuttal Case Report
Authors: Fowler Edward B. , Breault Lawrence G. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Severe periodontal furcation invasion has long been a treatment dilemma for the clinician. Many techniques have been advocated in the treatment of multi‐rooted posterior teeth ranging from conventional scaling and root planing (SRP), apically positioned flaps, root amputations, root resections, tunnel procedures, guided tissue regeneration, and restorations. The keys to success depend on the clinician's ability to access the furcation to remove local factors and create an environment that enhances the patient's own hygiene efforts. Long‐term success in treating teeth with furcation invasion depends upon tooth retention and arresting the destructive processes within the furcation area.Methods: A Class III furcation invasion in a mandibular molar was treated by surgical access for SRP along with obliterating the furcation utilizing a resin ionomer restoration.Results: Initially, the patient was asymptomatic. Within 3 months of treatment, the patient presented with suppuration that was refractory to local efforts. Radiographs taken only 5 months postsurgery demonstrated advanced bone loss apical to the restoration. The tooth ultimately was extracted because mobility increased and the tooth became symptomatic.Conclusions: The clinician must consider the multi‐factorial etiology of periodontal breakdown within a furcation. For this patient, the technique of sealing off the exposed furcation with restorative material appeared to have resulted in progressive bone loss and accelerate tooth loss. This single case report is presented as a rebuttal to recently published articles, which have demonstrated excellent results when treating furcations with ionomer restorations. J Periodontol 2001;72:1084‐1091.
A Comparison of the Success of Root Resected Molars and Molar Position Implants in Function in a Private Practice: Results of up to 15‐Plus Years
Authors: Fugazzotto Paul A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: When faced with a furcated molar, today's clinician must decide between a number of treatment options, including root resection, tooth removal, and implant placement. This paper assesses the results in one private clinical practice of root resection and subsequent restoration or molar implant placement and subsequent restoration. Clinical considerations in treatment selection are discussed.Methods: A retrospective analysis of treated patients was carried out by examining active and inactive patient charts. When patients had discontinued therapy, every effort was made to determine the reason for leaving the private practice, so as to assess the impact of previously undocumented treatment failure on the statistics in question.Results: A total 701 root resected molars and 1,472 molar implants were evaluated after ≥15 and 13 years in function, respectively. Resection of the distal root of a mandibular molar demonstrated the lowest success rate (75%). All other success rates for various root resected molars in function ranged from 95.2% to 100%. Lone standing implants in second molar positions demonstrated the lowest success rate (85%). All other implant use in molar positions demonstrated a success rate ranging from 97.0% to 98.6%. Root resected molars and molar implants demonstrated the highest degree of failure when they were lone standing terminal abutments. Seven out of 23 (30.4%) root resected molar failures, and 17 of 45 (37.8%) of the molar implant failures were associated with untreated parafunction. Cumulative success rates were 96.8% for root resected molars and 97.0% for molar implants. Success and failure are discussed by tooth and/or implant position, and resected root, where applicable. Possible ramifications of these findings upon treatment planning are also reviewed.Conclusions: Both molar root resection and appropriate restoration and molar implant placement and restoration demonstrated a high degree of success in function. However, this success rate is markedly affected when either the root resected molar or molar implant is a lone standing terminal abutment. Care must be taken to choose the appropriate treatment modality for a given patient scenario. J Periodontol 2001;72:1113‐1123.
Osseointegrated Implants in Patients Treated for Generalized Chronic Periodontitis and Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis: 3‐ and 5‐Year Results of a Prospective Long‐Term Study
Authors: Mengel Reiner , Schröder Tim , Flores‐de‐Jacoby Lavin 
Published: February 2005

Background: The successful use of osseointegrated implants in periodontally healthy patients has been documented in numerous longitudinal studies in recent years. However, the extent to which these positive results apply to periodontally diseased patients remains unclear. The aim of the present prospective longitudinal study of partially edentulous patients treated for generalized chronic periodontitis and generalized aggressive periodontitis was a clinical, microbiological, and radiographic comparison of teeth and implants and assessment of the implant success rate.Methods: Five partially edentulous patients treated for generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and 5 treated for generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) were enrolled in this study. The GAgP patients received 36 implants, and the GCP patients 12 implants. The teeth were examined 2 to 4 weeks before extraction of the non‐retainable teeth (baseline), and 3 weeks after insertion of the final abutments (second examination). All further examinations were performed during a 3‐month recall schedule over a 5‐year period for the GAgP patients and over a 3‐year period for the GCP patients. At each session clinical parameters were recorded at teeth and implants and the composition of the subgingival microflora was determined by dark‐field microscopy and DNA analysis. Intraoral radiographs of the teeth and implants were taken for control purposes at baseline; after insertion of the superstructure; and 1, 3, and 5 years later.Results: The clinical findings indicated healthy periodontal and peri‐implant conditions in both patient groups throughout the study. However, an increased probing depth and an attachment loss were recorded in the GAgP patients after the third year (P <0.001). The distribution of the microorganisms revealed no significant differences between the patient groups or between implants and teeth. Moderate bone loss at teeth and implants was registered in both groups. The success rates recorded were 100% in the GCP patients and 88.8% (maxilla: 85.7%; mandible: 93.3%) in the GAgP patients.Conclusions: The 3‐year and 5‐year follow‐ups show that osseointegrated implants may be successful in oral rehabilitation of partially edentulous patients treated for generalized aggressive periodontitis and generalized chronic periodontitis. However, as no significant differences were recorded between conditions at teeth and at implants, progression of the disease cannot be ruled out. J Periodontol 2001;72:977‐989.
Thirty‐Six Month Follow‐up of 25 Patients Treated With Combination Anorganic Bovine‐Derived Hydroxyapatite Matrix (ABM)/Cell‐Binding Peptide (P‐15) Bone Replacement Grafts in Human Infrabony Defects. I. Clinical Findings
Authors: Yukna Raymond A. , Krauser Jack T. , Callan Donald P. , Evans Gerald H. , Cruz Renee , Martin Millicent 
Published: February 2005

Background: Long‐term evaluation of periodontal therapy is important for clinical decision making.Methods: A synthetic cell‐binding peptide (P‐15) combined with anorganic bovine‐derived hydroxyapatite bone matrix (ABM) was evaluated as a bone replacement graft in human periodontal osseous defects. Following initial preparation and reevaluation, flap surgery was performed. A variety of 1‐, 2‐, 3‐wall bony defects were curetted and root surfaces subjected to mechanical debridement only. The bone defects were grafted with ABM/P‐15, and the host flaps replaced or slightly coronally positioned. Weekly, then monthly deplaquing was performed until surgical reentry at 6 to 7 months. Patients were then followed on approximate 3‐month recalls for 3 years. Twenty‐five of the original 31 patients qualified for long‐term evaluation in that their ABM/P‐15 treated sites did not receive any additional therapy at the time of reentry.Results: Significant clinical changes for the overall group of bony defects included improvement in mean clinical attachment level from 5.4 mm at surgery to 4.5 mm at the 6‐month reentry to 3.8 mm at 3 years. There was also a decrease in mean probing depth from 5.3 mm at surgery to 3.1 mm at the 6‐month reentry to 2.9 mm at 3 years. The mean gingival recession changed from +0.1 mm at surgery to 1.4 mm at the 6‐month reentry to 0.9 mm at 3 years. All of these differences were at least P <0.05 from surgery to the 6‐month reentry, and surgery to 3 years, but were not significant from reentry to 3 years via repeated measures analysis of variance.Conclusions: These favorable 3‐year results with ABM/P‐15 suggest that it may have a beneficial effect in the long‐term clinical management of infrabony defects. Further long‐term randomized controlled studies are needed to better assess the role of ABM/P‐15 in long‐term healing of periodontal osseous defects. J Periodontol 2002;73:123‐128.
Periodontopathic Bacterial Infection in Childhood
Authors: Kimura Shigenobu , Ooshima Takashi , Takiguchi Miyako , Sasaki Yumi , Amano Atsuo , Morisaki Ichijiro , Hamada Shigeyuki 
Published: February 2005

Background: Little information is available on periodontopathic bacterial infection in childhood. We assessed the prevalence by age of 10 putative periodontopathic microorganisms in periodontally healthy children using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.Methods: Plaque samples were collected from the buccalmesial sulcus of the first molar or second primary molar in the right upper quadrant of 144 children (2 to 13 years old, 12 subjects from each year of age) who showed negligible periodontal inflammation. Using species‐specific primers of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Capnocytophaga sputigena, and Treponema denticola, PCR amplification was performed with bacterial genomic DNA from plaque samples.Results: The results indicated that C. rectus, E. corrodens, A. actinomycetemcomitans, C. ochracea, and C. sputigena were found in about 50% of the plaque samples from all age groups, while B. forsythus and P. intermedia were detected less frequently, and P. gingivalis and T. denticola were not found. In contrast, the percentage of P. nigrescens‐positive subjects increased with age in primary dentition, and reached about 50% at 7 years of age and older. Subject‐based analyses suggested that the number of bacterial species in the plaque samples increased gradually with age until 5 years old, and then reached a plateau after the mixed dentition period.Conclusions: The colonization of many putative periodontopathic microorganisms can occur quite early in childhood without clinical signs of periodontal disease. However, colonization by P. gingivalis and T. denticola was not detected in periodontally healthy children. J Periodontol 2002;73:20‐26.