bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directional router and controllable non-reciprocity transmission based on phase and pathway coherence
Authors: Yang Xu , Tan Lei , Liu Wu-Ming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A multi-channel quantum router with four nodal cavities is constructed by two coupled-resonator waveguides and four single cavities. We can achieve directional routing by adjusting the probability of photon exiting from the specified port to close to 100% based on multiple pathways between the photon from the incident port to the outgoing port in this hybrid system. Under the effect of phase difference between two classical light fields, the mutual interference between different pathways can be adjusted to destructive interference or constructive interference, which lays the foundation for the increase and decrease of the routing probability. The influence of different parameter values on single photon routing probability is also studied. By studying the analytic formula of probability amplitude, we get the physical mechanism of exiting ports being closed under certain parameter conditions and the phase relationship between the backward transmission and the original direction transmission of photons. Furthermore the non-reciprocal transmission and directional routing beyond chiral coupling can also be realized, which provides new possibilities for the study of quantum routers and new insights for the study of photon transmission characteristics.
Extreme data compression for Bayesian model comparison
Authors: Heavens Alan F. , Mootoovaloo Arrykrishna , Trotta Roberto , Sellentin Elena 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe develop extreme data compression for use in Bayesian model comparison via the MOPED algorithm, as well as more general score compression. We find that Bayes Factors from data compressed with the MOPED algorithm are identical to those from their uncompressed datasets when the models are linear and the errors Gaussian. In other nonlinear cases, whether nested or not, we find negligible differences in the Bayes Factors, and show this explicitly for the Pantheon-SH0ES supernova dataset. We also investigate the sampling properties of the Bayesian Evidence as a frequentist statistic, and find that extreme data compression reduces the sampling variance of the Evidence, but has no impact on the sampling distribution of Bayes Factors. Since model comparison can be a very computationally-intensive task, MOPED extreme data compression may present significant advantages in computational time.
An Aluminum-coated sCMOS Sensor for X-Ray Astronomy
Authors: Wu Qinyu , Ling Zhixing , Zhang Chen , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Yuan Weimin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years, tremendous progress has been made on scientific Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (sCMOS) sensors, making them a promising device for future space X-ray missions. We have customized a large-format sCMOS sensor, G1516BI, dedicated for X-ray applications. In this work, a 200 nm thick aluminum layer is successfully sputtered on the surface of this sensor. This Al-coated sensor, named EP4K, shows consistent performance with the uncoated version. The readout noise of the EP4K sensor is around 2.5 e− and the dark current is less than 0.01 e− pixel−1 s−1 at −30°C. The maximum frame rate is 20 Hz in the current design. The ratio of single pixel events of the sensor is 45.0%. The energy resolution can reach 153.2 eV at 4.51 keV and 174.2 eV at 5.90 keV at −30°C. The optical transmittance of the aluminum layer is approximately 10−8 to 10−10 for optical lights from 365 to 880 nm, corresponding to an effective aluminum thickness of around 140 to 160 nm. The good X-ray performance and low optical transmittance of this Al-coated sCMOS sensor make it a good choice for space X-ray missions. The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy, which has been working in orbit for about one year, is equipped with four EP4K sensors. Furthermore, 48 EP4K sensors are used on the Wide-field X-ray Telescope on the Einstein Probe satellite, which will be launched at the end of 2023.
Methods for Averaging Spectral Line Data
Authors: Anderson L. D. , Liu B. , Balser Dana. S. , Bania T. M. , Haffner L. M. , Linville Dylan J. , Luisi Matteo , Wenger Trey V. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ideal spectral averaging method depends on one’s science goals and the available information about one’s data. Including low-quality data in the average can decrease the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), which may necessitate an optimization method or a consideration of different weighting schemes. Here, we explore a variety of spectral averaging methods. We investigate the use of three weighting schemes during averaging: weighting by the signal divided by the variance (“intensity-noise weighting”), weighting by the inverse of the variance (“noise weighting”), and uniform weighting. Whereas for intensity-noise weighting the S/N is maximized when all spectra are averaged, for noise and uniform weighting we find that averaging the 35%–45% of spectra with the highest S/N results in the highest S/N average spectrum. With this intensity cutoff, the average spectrum with noise or uniform weighting has ∼95% of the intensity of the spectrum created from intensity-noise weighting. We apply our spectral averaging methods to GBT Diffuse Ionized Gas hydrogen radio recombination line data to determine the ionic abundance ratio, y
+, and discuss future applications of the methodology.
Interplay among turbulence, flow and impurities for sustaining magnetic island
Authors: Feng Xi , Chen Xiang , Zou XiaoLan , Liu ADi , Cai HuiShan , Zhuang Ge , Zhou Chu , Wang T.B. , Han M.K. , Duan Y.M. , Zhang L. , Wang S.X. , Li Y.Y. , Shi T.H. , Zhou T.F. , Zhao H.L. , Wang Y.M. , Wang M.Y. , Liu H.Q. , Liu Y. , Ding W.X. , Zhang S.B. , Wu M.Q. , Zhu X. , Hao B.L. , Xie J.L. , Lin X.D. , Huang J.J. , Gao X. , Wan Y.X. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As ubiquitous structures in magnetized fusion plasmas, magnetic islands (MIs) would short-circuit adjacent magnetic flux surfaces and result in a reduced pressure gradient and fluctuations inside the island; it is widely accepted that due to the stabilizing of drift wave instability, the turbulence intensity inside MIs is much lower for larger islands. Here, we provide the first observations that strong turbulence could be generated inside a large radiation MI, which is probably driven by the electron temperature dip due to strongly localized impurity radiation. Moreover, the flow velocity inside the MI is strongly correlated with the turbulence intensity, and the impurity concentration rate suddenly increases as the flow velocity reaches a threshold value, strongly suggesting that turbulence and flow inside the island play important roles in trapping heavy impurities and sustaining radiative MIs.
Silicon Carbide Timepix3 detector for quantum-imaging detection and spectral tracking of charged particles in wide range of energy and field-of-view
Authors: Novak A. , Granja C. , Sagatova A. , Jakubek J. , Zatko B. , Vondracek V. , Andrlik M. , Zach V. , Polansky S. , Rathi A. , Oancea C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The hybrid architecture of the Timepix (TPX) family of detectors enables the use of
different semiconductor sensors, most commonly silicon (Si), as well as high-density materials
such as Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) or Gallium Arsenide (GaAs). For this purpose, we explore the
potential of a silicon carbide (SiC) sensor bump-bonded on a Timepix3 detector as a radiation
imaging and particle tracking detector. SiC stands as a radiation-hard material also with the
ability to operate at elevated temperatures up to several hundreds of degrees Celsius. As a
result, this sensor material is more suitable for radiation harsh environments compared to
conventional e.g., Si sensors. In this work, we evaluate the response for precise radiation
spectrometry and high-resolution particle tracking of newly developed SiC Timepix3 detector which
is built and operated as a compact radiation camera MiniPIX-Timepix3 with integrated readout
electronics. Calibration measurements were conducted with mono-energetic proton beams with
energies of 13, 22, and 31 MeV at the U-120M cyclotron at the Nuclear Physics Institute Czech
Academy of Science (NPI CAS), Prague, as well as 100 and 226 MeV at the Proton Therapy Center
Czech (PTC) in Prague. High-resolution pattern recognition analysis and single-particle spectral
tracking are used for detailed inspection and understanding of the sensor response. Results
include distributions of deposited energy and linear energy transfer (LET) spectra. The spatial
uniformity of the pixelated detector response is examined in terms of homogeneously distributed
deposited energy.
Detective quantum efficiency of a double-layered detector for dual-energy x-ray imaging
Authors: Shin Hubeom , Yoo Seungjun , Oh Seokwon , Lee Junho , Kim Ho Kyung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A sandwich-like double-layered detector can perform dual-energy imaging (DEI) using a
single x-ray exposure without object motion artifacts. The energy separation between measurements
obtained from the front and rear-detector layers can be tuned by introducing an x-ray
beam-attenuating material between them. However, the design of the interdetector filter
significantly influences dose efficiency by altering the number of x-ray photons reaching the
rear-detector layer within the sandwich detector. Since the sandwich detector typically
incorporates phosphors of differing thicknesses for its two detector layers, it exhibits a unique
spatial resolution characteristic in the reconstructed dual-energy (DE) images. To comprehensively
assess detector performance in terms of design (filter) and operation (reconstruction), we
established a framework that describes the dual-energy detective quantum efficiency (DE-DQE) using
linear-systems theory. The developed DE-DQE model was validated through comparison with
measurements. The agreement between the modulation-transfer functions was reasonable, and the
correspondence between noise-power spectra was excellent. This proposed DE-DQE concept is
universally applicable to any linearly operating DE system and holds a significant value in
enhancing the performance of sandwich detectors or ensuring their optimal operation.
Dynamical signatures of Chaos to integrability crossover in
2×2
generalized random matrix ensembles
Authors: Das Adway Kumar , Ghosh Anandamohan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We introduce a two-parameter ensemble of generalized

2
×
2

real symmetric random matrices called the β-Rosenzweig–Porter ensemble (β-RPE), parameterized by β, a fictitious inverse temperature of the analogous Coulomb gas model, and γ, controlling the relative strength of disorder. β-RPE encompasses RPE from all of the Dyson’s threefold symmetry classes: orthogonal, unitary and symplectic for

β
=
1
,
2
,
4

. Firstly, we study the energy correlations by calculating the density and 2nd moment of the nearest neighbor spacing (NNS) and robustly quantify the crossover among various degrees of level repulsions. Secondly, the dynamical properties are determined from an exact calculation of the temporal evolution of the fidelity enabling an identification of the characteristic Thouless and the equilibration timescales. The relative depth of the correlation hole in the average fidelity serves as a dynamical signature of the crossover from chaos to integrability and enables us to construct the phase diagram of β-RPE in the γ-β plane. Our results are in qualitative agreement with numerically computed fidelity for

N
≫
2

matrix ensembles. Furthermore, we observe that for large N the 2nd moment of NNS and the relative depth of the correlation hole exhibit a second order phase transition at γ = 2.
Iterative Causal Forest: A Novel Algorithm for Subgroup Identification
Authors: Wang Tiansheng , Keil Alexander P , Kim Siyeon , Wyss Richard , Htoo Phyo Than , Funk Michele Jonsson , Buse John B , Kosorok Michael R , Stürmer Til 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Precisely and efficiently identifying subgroups with heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) in real-world evidence studies remains a challenge. Based on the causal forest (CF) method, we developed an iterative CF (iCF) algorithm to identify HTEs in subgroups defined by important variables. Our method iteratively grows different depths of the CF with important effect modifiers, performs plurality votes to obtain decision trees (subgroup decisions) for a family of CFs with different depths, and then finds the cross-validated subgroup decision that best predicts the treatment effect as a final subgroup decision. We simulated 12 different scenarios and showed that the iCF outperformed other machine learning methods for interaction/subgroup identification in the majority of scenarios assessed. Using a 20% random sample of fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries initiating sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, we implemented the iCF to identify subgroups with HTEs for hospitalized heart failure. Consistent with previous studies suggesting patients with heart failure benefit more from sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, iCF successfully identified such a subpopulation with HTEs and additive interactions. The iCF is a promising method for identifying subgroups with HTEs in real-world data where the potential for unmeasured confounding can be limited by study design.
Linguistics in a Minor Key—Of Atmospheres, Voice(s), and Ethics
Authors: Deumert Ana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this article, I reflect on the complexities of signification and suggest that the study of music allows us to push forward the radical project of dis-inventing language in applied linguistics (Makoni and Pennycook 2007). In thinking about language, music, and meaning, I focus on a song that has travelled around the globe and that has sounded the Black radical tradition: Aretha Franklin’s song Respect (1967). I explore the multiple significations of this song: the revolutionary atmosphere in which the song emerged and which it co-created, the voices that shape it, and the ethics that its words articulate. Throughout the text, I emphasize the importance of listening as a scholarly stance. Theoretically, the article draws on the ideas of minor theory (Deleuze and Guattari 1983) and disciplinary disobedience (Gordon 2014), two perspectives that are helpful when thinking about southern theory and decolonial scholarship. The aim is to see worlds in the grain of the voice (Barthes 1977), in the grain of a song, and to articulate expressive struggles.
Efficient collective action for tackling time-critical cybersecurity threats
Authors: Gillard Sébastien , Percia David Dimitri , Mermoud Alain , Maillart Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The latency reduction between the discovery of vulnerabilities, the build-up, and the dissemination of cyberattacks has put significant pressure on cybersecurity professionals. For that, security researchers have increasingly resorted to collective action in order to reduce the time needed to characterize and tame outstanding threats. Here, we investigate how joining and contribution dynamics on Malware Information Sharing Platform (MISP), an open-source threat intelligence sharing platform, influence the time needed to collectively complete threat descriptions. We find that performance, defined as the capacity to characterize quickly a threat event, is influenced by (i) its own complexity (negatively), by (ii) collective action (positively), and by (iii) learning, information integration, and modularity (positively). Our results inform on how collective action can be organized at scale and in a modular way to overcome a large number of time-critical tasks, such as cybersecurity threats.
Is underutilization of adjuvant therapy in resected non-small-cell lung cancer associated with socioeconomic disparities?
Authors: Rodriguez-Quintero Jorge Humberto , Kamel Mohamed K , Jindani Rajika , Zhu Roger , Friedmann Patricia , Vimolratana Marc , Chudgar Neel P , Stiles Brendon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Although adjuvant systemic therapy (AT) has demonstrated improved survival in patients with resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it remains underutilized. Recent trials demonstrating improved outcomes with adjuvant immunotherapy and targeted treatment imply that low uptake of systemic therapy in at-risk populations may widen existing outcome gaps. We, therefore, sought to determine factors associated with the underutilization of AT.

METHODS
The National Cancer Database (2010–2018) was queried for patients with completely resected stage II–IIIA NSCLC and stratified based on the receipt of AT. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with AT delivery. The Kaplan–Meier method was applied to estimate survival after propensity-matching to adjust for confounders.

RESULTS
Of 37 571 eligible patients, only 20 616 (54.9%) received AT. While AT rates increased over time, multivariable analysis showed that older age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43–0.47], male sex (aOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.85–0.93) and multiple comorbidities (aOR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.81–0.91) were associated with decreased AT. Socioeconomic factors were additionally associated with underutilization, including public insurance (aOR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.66–0.74), lower education indicators (aOR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88–0.97) and living more than 10 miles from a treatment facility (aOR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85–0.93). After propensity matching, receipt of adjuvant therapy was associated with improved overall survival (median 76.35 vs 47.57 months, P ≤ 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
AT underutilization in patients with resected stage II–III NSCLC is associated with patient, institutional and socioeconomic factors. It is critical to implement measures to address these inequities, especially in light of newer adjuvant immunotherapy and targeted therapy treatment options which are expected to improve survival.
Rationale and design of a randomized trial of the dapagliflozin evaluation on atrial fibrillation patients followed Cox-Maze IV: the DETAIL-CMIV study
Authors: Peng Zhan , Osmanaj Florian , Yang Yunxiao , Hua Kun , Yang Xiubin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
Dapagliflozin has been widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure (HF). However, data concerning the association between dapagliflozin and the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF), especially in patients following Cox-Maze IV (CMIV), are rare. We aim to explore the effect of dapagliflozin on the recurrence of AF after CMIV with and without T2DM or HF.

Methods and results
The study of dapagliflozin evaluation in AF patients followed by CMIV (DETAIL-CMIV) is a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 240 AF patients who have received the CMIV procedure will be randomized into the dapagliflozin group (10 mg/day, n = 120) and the placebo group (10 mg/day, n = 120) and treated for 3 months. The primary endpoint is any documented atrial tachyarrhythmia (AF, atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia) lasting 30 s following a blanking period of 3 months after CMIV.

Conclusion
DETAIL-CMIV will determine whether the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, added to guideline-recommended post-operative AF therapies, safely reduces the recurrence rate of AF in patients with and without T2DM or HF.
Durability of pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Serban Teodor , Mannhart Diego , Abid Qurrat-ul-ain , Höchli Andres , Lazar Sorin , Krisai Philipp , Bettelini Arianna Sofia , Knecht Sven , Kühne Michael , Sticherling Christian , du Fay de Lavallaz Jeanne , Badertscher Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) plays a central role in the interventional treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Uncertainties remain about the durability of ablation lesions from different energy sources. We aimed to systematically review the durability of ablation lesions associated with various PVI-techniques using different energy sources for the treatment of AF.

Methods and results
Structured systematic database search for articles published between January 2010 and January 2023 reporting PVI-lesion durability as evaluated in the overall cohort through repeat invasive remapping during follow-up. Studies evaluating only a proportion of the initial cohort in redo procedures were excluded. A total of 19 studies investigating 1050 patients (mean age 60 years, 31% women, time to remap 2–7 months) were included. In a pooled analysis, 99.7% of the PVs and 99.4% of patients were successfully ablated at baseline and 75.5% of the PVs remained isolated and 51% of the patients had all PVs persistently isolated at follow-up across all energy sources. In a pooled analysis of the percentages of PVs durably isolated during follow-up, the estimates of RFA were the lowest of all energy sources at 71% (95% CI 69–73, 11 studies), but comparable with cryoballoon (79%, 95%CI 74–83, 3 studies). Higher durability percentages were reported in PVs ablated with laser-balloon (84%, 95%CI 78–89, one study) and PFA (87%, 95%CI 84–90, 2 studies).

Conclusion
We observed no significant difference in the durability of the ablation lesions of the four evaluated energies after adjusting for procedural and baseline populational characteristics.
Losses of sexual dichromatism involve rapid changes in female plumage colors to match males in New World blackbirds
Authors: Price J Jordan , Garcia Karolyn , Eaton Muir D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Differences in coloration between the sexes (sexual dichromatism) can increase or decrease in a species through evolutionary changes in either or both sexes diverging or converging in their colors. Few previous studies, however, have examined the relative rates of such changes, particularly when dichromatism is lost. Using reflectance data from 37 species of the New World blackbird family (Icteridae), we compared evolutionary rates of plumage color change in males and females when dichromatism was either increasing (colors diverging) or decreasing (colors converging). Increases in dichromatism involved divergent changes in both sexes at approximately equal rates. Decreases in dichromatism, in contrast, involved changes in females to match male plumage colors that were significantly more rapid than any changes in males. Such dramatic changes in females show how selection can differ between the sexes. Moreover, these evolutionary patterns support the idea that losses of dimorphism involve genetic mechanisms that are already largely present in both sexes, whereas increases in dimorphism tend to involve the appearance of novel sex-specific traits, which evolve more slowly. Our results have broad implications for how sexual dimorphisms evolve.