bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twenty-six years of phytoplankton pigments reveal a circumpolar Class Divide around the Southern Ocean
Authors: Hayward Alexander , Pinkerton Matthew H. , Wright Simon W. , Gutiérrez-Rodriguez Andrés , Law Cliff S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRegional taxonomic variation of phytoplankton communities in the Southern Ocean remains largely uncharacterised despite the distinct trophic and biogeochemical roles of different taxa in anthropogenic carbon uptake, biogeochemical processes, and as the primary source of energy for marine ecosystems. Here we analysed 26 years of pigment data (14,824 samples between 32°S and the Antarctic coast) from over 50 voyages (1996 – 2022), using the phytoclass software. The analysis confirms that the Antarctic Polar Front (APF) is a circumpolar phytoplankton class boundary, separating haptophyte dominated communities to the north from diatom domination of chlorophyll a in the south, and thereby a biological analogue corresponding to the Biogeochemical Divide. Furthermore, community composition was remarkably similar in different zones south of the APF despite substantial spatial variation in biomass. This circumpolar characterisation of the geospatial distribution of phytoplankton community composition will contribute to improved modelling and projection of future change in ecosystems and carbon in the Southern Ocean.
Characterizing Speech Errors Across Primary Progressive Apraxia of Speech Subtypes
Authors: Tetzloff Katerina A. , Duffy Joseph R. , Clark Heather M. , Josephs Keith A. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Utianski Rene L. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
Apraxia of speech (AOS) is a motor speech disorder affecting articulatory planning and speech programming. When AOS is the sole manifestation of neurodegeneration, it is termed primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS). Recent work has shown that there are distinct PPAOS subtypes: phonetic, prosodic, and those that do not clearly align with either (mixed). PPAOS subtypes differ with respect to the predominating motor speech difficulties, as well as disease progression and underlying pathology. Because past studies have determined PPAOS subtype based on clinical impression, the goal of the present study was to quantitatively determine the distribution of speech error types across PPAOS subtypes in a word repetition task and to investigate how word complexity affects the type and number of speech errors across PPAOS subtypes.

Method:
Forty-five patients with PPAOS (13 phonetic, 23 prosodic, and nine mixed) and 45 healthy controls produced multiple repetitions of words that varied in phonetic complexity. Sound additions, deletions, and substitutions/distortions (phonetic errors) and within-word segmentations (prosodic errors) were calculated.

Results:
All three PPAOS groups produced significantly more errors than controls, but the total number of errors was comparable among subtypes. The phonetic group produced more phonetic-type errors compared to the prosodic group but comparable to the mixed group. The prosodic group produced more segmentations compared to the phonetic and mixed PPAOS groups. As word complexity increased, the total number of errors increased for PPAOS patients. The phonetic and prosodic groups were more likely to produce phonetic- and prosodic-type errors, respectively, as word complexity increased.

Conclusions:
This study provides novel quantitative data showing that PPAOS subtype can be supported by the type and distribution of speech errors in a word repetition task. This may facilitate earlier, more reliable differential diagnosis and aid in disease prognosis, as PPAOS subtypes have distinct disease trajectories.
Outcomes predictors in endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy with lumen-apposing metal stent: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fugazza Alessandro , Khalaf Kareem , Spadaccini Marco , Facciorusso Antonio , Colombo Matteo , Andreozzi Marta , Carrara Silvia , Binda Cecilia , Fabbri Carlo , Anderloni Andrea , Hassan Cesare , Baron Todd , Repici Alessandro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) by transduodenal placement of a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) into the extrahepatic bile duct. To identify factors that contribute to safe and effective EUS-CDS using LAMS, we performed a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis.
Methods The methodology of our analysis was based on PRISMA recommendations. Electronic databases (Medline, Scopus, EMBASE) were searched up to November 2022. Full articles that included patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction who underwent EUS-CDS using LAMS after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were eligible. Random-effect meta-analysis was performed reporting pooled rates of technical success, clinical success, and adverse events (AEs) by means of a random model. Multivariate meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed to assess possible associations between the outcomes and selected variables to assess the correlation between outcomes and different variables. Results were also stratified according to stent size.
Results Twelve studies with 845 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled technical and clinical success rates were 96% (95% confidence interval [CI] 94%-98%; I2 = 52.29%) and 96% (95%CI 95%-98%), respectively, with no significant association with baseline characteristics, such are sex, age, common bile duct diameter, or stent size. The pooled AE rate was 12% (95%CI: 8%-16%; I2 = 71.62%). The AE rate was significantly lower when using an 8 × 8 mm stent as compared with a 6 × 8 mm LAMS (odds ratio 0.59, 0.35–0.99; P = 0.04), with no evidence of heterogeneity (I2 = 0%).
Conclusions EUS-CDS with LAMS is a safe and effective option for relief of MBO. Selecting an appropriate stent size is crucial for achieving optimal safety outcomes.
Corneal Neurotization: Essentials for The Facial Paralysis Surgeon
Authors: Crabtree Jordan R. , Mulenga Chilando , Tran Khoa , Hussain Arif , Boente Charline S. , Ali Asim , Feinberg Konstantin , Borschel Gregory H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDeficits in corneal innervation lead to neurotrophic keratopathy (NK). NK is frequently associated with facial palsy, and corneal damage can be accelerated by facial palsy deficits. Corneal nerves are important regulators of limbal stem cells, which play a critical role in epithelial maintenance and healing. Nonsurgical treatments of NK have undergone recent innovation, and growth factors implicated in corneal epithelial renewal are a promising therapeutic avenue. However, surgical intervention with corneal neurotization (CN) remains the only definitive treatment of NK. CN involves the transfer of unaffected sensory donor nerve branches to the affected cornea, and a variety of donor nerves and approaches have been described. CN can be performed in a direct or indirect manner; employ the supraorbital, supratrochlear, infraorbital, or great auricular nerves; and utilize autograft, allograft, or nerve transfer alone. Unfortunately, comparative studies of these factors are limited due to the procedure's novelty and varied recovery timelines after CN. Regardless of the chosen approach, CN has been shown to be a safe and effective procedure to restore corneal sensation and improve visual acuity in patients with NK.
Sleep Disorders and Subjective Well-Being in Portuguese Adults: Evidence from a Representative Study
Authors: Oliveira Sara , Agostinis Sobrinho Cesar , Martins Silvana , Augusto Cláudia , Araújo Odete , Vieira Teresa , Macedo Ana Paula , Silva Maria José , Rosário Rafaela 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective The quality and quantity of sleep affect people's well-being, as chronic sleep disorders are associated with social, physical, and psychological problems, as well as low self-reported life satisfaction. The present cross-sectional study examined the associations of sleep disorders with self-reported life satisfaction in Portuguese adults.
Materials and Methods Data from a representative sample of the Portuguese population (14,341 participants, aged ≥ 18 years) extracted from the Sixth Portuguese National Health Survey was analyzed. Data on subjective well-being and sleep disorders was collected through a questionnaire, and multivariable regression models were performed to examine the associations between these variables, adjusted for potential confounders such as age, gender, level of schooling, degree of urbanization, and family income.
Results Sleep disorders were negatively associated with self-reported life satisfaction. Having at least one sleep disturbance in the last two weeks was significantly associated with a 3-point decrease in life satisfaction: β = −3.0 (95% confidence interval = −3.2–−2.7).
Discussion Among Portuguese adults, sleep disorders were associated with a decline in life satisfaction. The present study provides new evidence from a representative sample to support the promotion of good sleep hygiene intervention programs.
Quiet Time Means No Screen Time: A Project Aiming to Increase Restful Sleep within the Pediatric Acute Care Unit
Authors: Vildor Kegt S. , Derouin Anne , Waldrop Julee , Jensen Steven 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe use of blue-light-emitting smart devices prior to bedtime has been identified as one of the reasons of increased pediatric sleep disturbances and poor sleep quantity. Interrupted sleep is a risk factor for healing and well-being in the pediatric acute ward. The aim of this project was to promote high-quality sleep within our pediatric ward by implementing a standardized protocol that eliminated exposure to electronic blue light prior to bedtime, per recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics. Our objective was to promote enhanced quantity of sleep and healing by restricting and removing all smart devices during nighttime hours in the pediatric acute ward. We utilized the Bedtime issues, Excessive daytime sleepiness, night Awakenings, Regularity and duration of Sleep, and Snoring validated screening tool, Children Sleep Habit Questionnaire, and included a survey question regarding smart device use to evaluate patients' sleep routine. After the implementation of “no screen time” innovation, patients' and parents' quantity of sleep and total restful hours was reassessed and pre/post results analyzed. The pilot project evaluated 57 patients aged 18 months to 19 years with varying admitting diagnoses. The quiet time innovation results demonstrated improved length and reported uninterrupted sleep among patients. Eliminating electronic screens during evening (sleeping) hours in the acute care setting was associated with improved sleep among pediatric patients, enhancing potential for recovery, promoting well-being, and modeling effects of limiting screen time for participants.
Alcohol and Caffeine Co-Administration Increased Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Inflammatory Cytokines in Sleep-Deprived Rats: Implications for Cognitive Decline and Depressive-Like Manifestations
Authors: Daubry Tarela Melish Elias , Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka , Toloyai Pere-Ebi Yabrade , Moke Emuesiri Goodies 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSleep deprivation is a major health problem in modern society; it has been worsened by alcohol and caffeine intake to stay awake and improve bodily activities, an experience common among night-shift workers. For the present study, 50 adult male Wistar rats weighing between 150 g and 200 g were randomly selected and divided into 5 groups of 10 rats each (n = 10). Group 1 was the control group; group 2 was the group of sleep-deprived (SD) rats; group 3 was composed SD rats submitted to the administration of 20% alcohol; group 4 comprised SD rats submitted to the administration of 200 mg/kg of caffeine; and Group 5 was composed of SD rats who underwent the co-administration of 20% alcohol and 200 mg/kg of caffeine. At the end of 28 days, the animals were euthanized, and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Memory, anxiety, social behavior and locomotive activity were assessed using the Y-maze, the elevated plus maze, the hole-board and three-chambered social approach tests, and the open field test. The plasma levels of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 [IL-6], interleukin 10 [IL-10], and tumor necrosis factor beta, [TNF-β]) were also measured. Data was expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean [SEM] values, and the data were analyzed through analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey post hoc test, with significance set at p < 0.05. The results revealed that sleep deprivation, and the co-administration of alcohol and caffeine impair memory in rats. Sleep deprivation also caused a significant increase in anxiety and anxiety-related behavior, with decreased social interaction, in rats. Locomotive activity was improved in SD rats, especially in those to which alcohol was administered. Sleep deprivation significantly reduced acetylcholinesterase activity among SD rats and those to which alcohol was administered when compared with the controls. The plasma levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-β were significantly increased in SD rats when compared with the controls. The administration of alcohol and caffeine separately, as well as their co-administration, significantly increased cytokine levels in rats.
Reconstruction of Hypospadias Comparision of Different Techniques (A Study of 45 Cases)
Authors: Kumawat M. L. , Yadav R. G. , Sadasukhi T. C. , Chandalea B. S. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryForty five cases of hypospadias were studied. Of these 80 percent had penile hypospadias, 13 percent penoscrotal and 7 percent perineal hypospadias. Chordae was corrected before 2 years of age in 13.3 percent due to late presentation. The incidence of residual chordae was higher in patients treated by Cecil Culps technique. Plastic repair was completed in preschool age in 31 percent and an cqual number of padents were treated between 5–10 years age. None of the patients reported for second stage reconstruction within 6 months of first operation. Incidence of fistulae formation was 6.6 percent with Byar's Browne and 13.3 percent with Cecil Culp technique.
A Comparative Study of the Various Methods of Preservation of Human Skin Graft
Authors: Sinka Prof. R. C. , Sinha Dr. Bipin B. 
Published: February 2024

Summary(1) A total number of forty five cases were observed divided in three equal series for a comparative study of merits and demerits of storage.(2) The skin grafts were stored in the freezing chamber of domestic refrigerator in (Series A) in glycerol at 76°C in (Series B) and at the donor dermis in (Series C).(3) The preservad skin was applied over recipient bed after 4 or 8 days of storage.(4) Before application a piece of skin was sent for histopathological investigation.(5) The take of the stored graft was found maximum in cases of grafts stored on donor dermis and minimum in cases of skin stored in glycerol at 76°C.
Congenital Midline Sinuses of the Dorsum of the Nose
Authors: Soni N. K. , Chatterji P. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThree cases of congenital midline sinuses of the dorsum of the nose are presented. These were excised surgically without recurrence, Salient features of the lesion alongwith embryogencsis are discussed in the light of available literature.
Photoredox matching of earth-abundant photosensitizers with hydrogen evolving catalysts by first-principles predictions
Authors: Losada Iria Bolaño , Persson Petter 
Published: February 2024

Photoredox properties of several earth-abundant light-harvesting transition metal complexes in combination with cobalt-based proton reduction catalysts have been investigated computationally to assess the fundamental viability of different photocatalytic systems of current experimental interest. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations using several GGA (BP86, BLYP), hybrid-GGA (B3LYP, B3LYP*), hybrid meta-GGA (M06, TPSSh), and range-separated hybrid (ωB97X, CAM-B3LYP) functionals were used to calculate relevant ground and excited state reduction potentials for photosensitizers, catalysts, and sacrificial electron donors. Linear energy correction factors for the DFT/TD-DFT results that provide the best agreement with available experimental reference results were determined in order to provide more accurate predictions. Among the selection of functionals, the B3LYP* and TPSSh sets of correction parameters were determined to give the best redox potentials and excited states energies, ΔEexc, with errors of ∼0.2 eV. Linear corrections for both reduction and oxidation processes significantly improve the predictions for all the redox pairs. In particular, for TPSSh and B3LYP*, the calculated errors decrease by more than 0.5 V against experimental values for catalyst reduction potentials, photosensitizer oxidation potentials, and electron donor oxidation potentials. Energy-corrected TPSSh results were finally used to predict the energetics of complete photocatalytic cycles for the light-driven activation of selected proton reduction cobalt catalysts. These predictions demonstrate the broader usefulness of the adopted approach to systematically predict full photocycle behavior for first-row transition metal photosensitizer–catalyst combinations more broadly.
Structural and optical characterization of dilute Bi-doped GaN nanostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Navid Ishtiaque Ahmed , Liu Yujie , Pan Yuyang , Sun Kai , Kioupakis Emmanouil , Mi Zetian 
Published: February 2024

We have carried out detailed studies on the epitaxy and characterization of dilute Bi-doped GaN nanostructures. A comprehensive investigation of Bi-doped GaN nanowires and quasi-film epitaxial growth conditions has been performed. Scanning electron microscopy studies show that lowering the GaBiN growth temperature causes gradual changes in top c-plane nanowire morphology due to the incremental incorporation of foreign Bi atoms. This trend is further substantiated by the secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis of a multi-layer Bi-doped GaN quasi-film. However, it is also found that the amount of Bi incorporation into the GaN lattice is relatively independent of the N2 flow rate variation under the growth conditions investigated. Furthermore, room-temperature micro-Raman spectra show that there are additional peaks near 530, 650, and 729 cm−1 wave numbers in the Bi-doped GaN samples, which can primarily be attributed to Bi local vibrational modes, indicative of a small amount of Bi incorporation in the GaN lattice. Moreover, phonon calculations with density functional theory indicate that Bi replacing the N sites is the likely origin of the experimentally measured Raman modes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements have also been obtained to deduce the electronic interaction between the Bi dopant atom and the GaN nanostructure. Such one-dimensional nanowires permit the synthesis of dislocation-free highly mismatched alloys due to strain relaxation, allowing efficient light absorption and charge carrier extraction that is relevant for solar energy harvesting and artificial photosynthesis.
Optical and microstructural characterization of Er3+ doped epitaxial cerium oxide on silicon
Authors: Grant Gregory D. , Zhang Jiefei , Masiulionis Ignas , Chattaraj Swarnabha , Sautter Kathryn E. , Sullivan Sean E. , Chebrolu Rishi , Liu Yuzi , Martins Jessica B. , Niklas Jens , Dibos Alan M. , Kewalramani Sumit , Freeland John W. , Wen Jianguo , Poluektov Oleg G. , Heremans F. Joseph , Awschalom David D. , Guha Supratik 
Published: February 2024

Rare-earth ion dopants in solid-state hosts are ideal candidates for quantum communication technologies, such as quantum memories, due to the intrinsic spin–photon interface of the rare-earth ion combined with the integration methods available in the solid state. Erbium-doped cerium oxide (Er:CeO2) is a particularly promising host material platform for such a quantum memory, as it combines the telecom-wavelength (∼1.5μm) 4f–4f transition of erbium, a predicted long electron spin coherence time when embedded in CeO2, and a small lattice mismatch with silicon. In this work, we report on the epitaxial growth of Er:CeO2 thin films on silicon using molecular beam epitaxy, with controlled erbium concentration between 2 and 130 parts per million (ppm). We carry out a detailed microstructural study to verify the CeO2 host structure and characterize the spin and optical properties of the embedded Er3+ ions as a function of doping density. In as-grown Er:CeO2 in the 2–3 ppm regime, we identify an EPR linewidth of 245(1) MHz, an optical inhomogeneous linewidth of 9.5(2) GHz, an optical excited state lifetime of 3.5(1) ms, and a spectral diffusion-limited homogeneous linewidth as narrow as 4.8(3) MHz. We test the annealing of Er:CeO2 films up to 900 °C, which yields narrowing of the inhomogeneous linewidth by 20% and extension of the excited state lifetime by 40%.
Phase stability of a eutectic high entropy alloy under extremes of pressures and temperatures
Authors: Pope Andrew D. , Iwan Seth , Clay Matthew P. , Ren Jie , Yang Wuxian , Chen Wen , Vohra Yogesh K. 
Published: February 2024

Additively manufactured high-entropy alloys are of interest because of their unique combination of high yield strength and large ductility achieved with far-from-equilibrium crystalline phases and micro/nanostructure morphology. We report on the phase transformation and thermal equation of state of the eutectic high-entropy alloy (EHEA) Al18Co20Cr10Fe10Ni40W2, produced by laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF). The EHEA was studied in a large-volume Paris–Edinburgh cell using energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction to a pressure of 5.5 GPa and a temperature of 1723 K. Static compression studies in diamond anvil cells using angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction extended the high-pressure structural data to 317 GPa at ambient temperature. The initial dual-phase nanolamellar face-centered cubic (FCC) and body-centered cubic (BCC) structure of Al18Co20Cr10Fe10Ni40W2 transforms into a single FCC phase under high pressure, with the BCC-to-FCC phase transformation completing at 9 ± 2 GPa. The FCC phase remained stable up to the highest pressure of 317 GPa. The measured thermal equation of state for the FCC phase of Al18Co20Cr10Fe10Ni40W2 is presented up to 5.5 GPa and 1473 K. We observed melting of the EHEA at 1698 ± 25 K at a pressure of 5.5 GPa, and the recrystallized sample shows an increased fraction of the CsCl-type (B2) phase at ambient conditions following release from the high-pressure high-temperature state. The BCC-to-FCC phase transition completion pressure is correlated with the nanolamellae thickness of the BCC layer in this diffusion-less transformation at ambient temperature.
A fast closed-form approximate iterative fitting algorithm based on laser absorption spectrum
Authors: Chen Yudi , Tang Qixing , Zhang Yujun , Li Qi , Wang Yuwei , Liu Lu , Liao Juan , Gao Yanwei 
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a novel approach—an efficient closed-form approximation iterative fitting algorithm based on laser absorption spectra. Through this closed-form approximation iterative fitting, key parameters such as peak value, spectral line width, and normalized signal area serve as indicators for iteration completion, improving the speed without compromising accuracy. Furthermore, it employs the spectral signal of n cycles as a window for further processing, minimizing external interference. The results show that the proposed method averages 9.75 iterations, while the Levenberg–Marquardt fitting method averages 60.17 iterations. The average iteration time for the proposed method is 588.83 ms, a substantial 81.7% reduction compared to the 3210.5 ms required by the Levenberg–Marquardt fitting. These results decisively demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in reducing iteration time and enhancing measurement precision.