bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative complications and visual outcomes of cataract surgery in neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Siddiqui Mohammad Z. , Elhusseiny Abdelrahman M. , Soliman Mohamed K. , Chauhan Muhammad Z. , Neuhouser Adam J. , Yang Yit C. , Sallam Ahmed B. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
To compare the rate of intraoperative complications and visual outcomes in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NvAMD) and control eyes without NvAMD undergoing phacoemulsification.

Setting:
Multicenter study.

Design:
Retrospective, nonrandomized comparative study.

Methods:
Eyes were classified based on the presence or absence of an NvAMD diagnosis. The main outcomes were (1) the rate of intraoperative complications, (2) the logMAR visual acuity (VA) at 4 to 12 weeks postoperatively in both groups, and (3) the reinjection rate of intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor after phacoemulsification.

Results:
Preoperative VA was worse in the NvAMD group (0.9 ± 0.5) compared with the reference group (0.6 ± 0.5). We observed no difference in the rate of posterior capsule rupture (PCR) (2.90% vs 2.77%; P = .889), dropped lens fragments (0.46% vs 0.29%; P = .618), or zonular dialysis (0.46% vs 0.58%, P = .749) between the 2 groups. Receiving ≥10 intravitreal injections before cataract surgery predicted the likelihood of PCR with an odds ratio of 2.86 (P = .027). Proportions of eyes achieving a visual gain of ≥0.3 logMAR (∼3 Snellen lines equivalent) was lower in NvAMD eyes (39.2% vs 63.7%; P < .0001). We observed 203 eyes (73%) in the active treatment group and 139 eyes (36%) in the inactive treatment group received >1 intravitreal injection after phacoemulsification (P < .0001).

Conclusions:
The risk for PCR was higher for eyes receiving ≥10 intravitreal injections before phacoemulsification. Only 39% of eyes with NvAMD had visual improvement by ≥3 Snellen lines.
Group-Based Trajectory Modeling to Identify Patterns of Antipsychotic-Associated Weight Gain Among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Lyu Ning , Abughosh Susan , Varisco Tyler J. , Lin Ying , Rowan Paul J. , Chen Hua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Purpose/Background
Antipsychotic-associated weight gain (AAWG) is a common adverse effect of second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) medications among children and adolescents. This study applied group-based trajectory modeling to identify latent trajectories of AAWG among children and adolescents and associated risk factors.

Procedures
This was a retrospective analysis of the IQVIA Ambulatory EMR-US database from 2016 to 2021. The cohort consisted of patients aged 6 to 19 years who were SGA naive and received at least 90 days of continuous SGA prescriptions. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify latent trajectories of AAWG development during a 24-month period since SGA initiation, and multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the risk factors associated with the identified AAWG trajectories.

Findings/Results
A total of 16,262 patients were included. Group-based trajectory modeling identified the following 4 distinctive AAWG trajectories: persistent severe weight gain (4.2%), persistent moderate weight gain (20.1%), minor weight change (69.6%), and gradual weight loss (6.1%). Compared with the minor weight change group, younger age (12–17 vs 5–11: odds ratio [OR], 0.634; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.521–0.771), lower baseline body mass index z-score (OR, 0.216; 95% CI, 0.198–0.236), and receiving olanzapine as the initial SGA (olanzapine vs aripiprazole: OR, 1.686; 95% CI, 1.673–1.699) were more likely to follow severe weight gain trajectories. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for comparing severe weight gain versus minor weight change groups and moderate weight vs minor weight change groups in the multinomial regression model were 0.91 and 0.8, respectively.

Implications/Conclusions
A quarter of pediatric SGA recipients experienced persistent weight gain during the SGA treatment. The risk of having persistent AAWG can be predicted using patient characteristics collected before SGA initiation and the initial SGA agent.
Metabolic management of accidental intoxication
Authors: Khatib Khalid , Dixit Subhal , Telang Madhavi 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review
Unintentional intoxication comprises a major chunk of all intoxications. Most patients are in the pediatric age group with another set of patients being the elderly. Substances found to cause accidental intoxication vary from country to country and even within different regions of a country. Frequent reviews of current literature are needed to be abreast of trends.

Recent findings
Prescription drugs and household chemicals are major culprits when it comes to accidental intoxication. Acetaminophen, digoxin and metformin are some of the prominent prescription drugs frequently associated with unintentional intoxications. Increasingly alcohol based hand sanitizers are becoming an important etiology of these events, following their increased usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pattern recognition to identify class of intoxicant and supportive care including prevention of further absorption and increased excretion are cornerstones of therapy. Antidote when available should be used promptly.

Summary
Knowledge about current epidemiology of accidental intoxications, toxidrome pattern recognition and appropriate antidote usage beside adequate and timely supportive care help in successful management of the unfortunate victim of accidental intoxication.
Liver transplantation for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: who, when and how
Authors: Achurra Pablo , Fernandes Eduardo , O’Kane Grainne , Grant Robert , Cattral Mark , Sapisochin Gonzalo 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review
Using transplant oncology principles, selected patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) may achieve long-term survival after liver transplantation. Strategies for identifying and managing these patients are discussed in this review.

Recent findings
Unlike initial reports, several modern series have reported positive outcomes after liver transplantation for iCCA. The main challenges are in identifying the appropriate candidates and graft scarcity. Tumor burden and response to neoadjuvant therapies have been successfully used to identify favorable biology in unresectable cases. New molecular biomarkers will probably predict this response in the future. Also, new technologies and better strategies have been used to increase graft availability for these patients without affecting the liver waitlist.

Summary
Liver transplantation for the management of patients with unresectable iCCA is currently a reality under strict research protocols. Who is a candidate for transplantation, when to use neoadjuvant and locoregional therapies, and how to increase graft availability are the main topics of this review.
Higher Levels of Multiple Types of Stress Are Associated With Worse State Anxiety and Morning Fatigue Profiles in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Garcia Philip , Block Astrid , Mark Sueann , Mackin Lynda , Paul Steven M. , Cooper Bruce A. , Conley Yvette P. , Hammer Marilyn J. , Levine Jon D. , Miaskowski Christine 
Published: January 2024

Background
Anxiety and fatigue are common problems in patients receiving chemotherapy. Unrelieved stress is a potential cause for the co-occurrence of these symptoms.

Objectives
The aims of this study were to identify subgroups of patients with distinct state anxiety and morning fatigue profiles and evaluate for differences among these subgroups in demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as measures of global, cancer-specific, and cumulative life stress and resilience and coping.

Methods
Patients (n = 1335) completed measures of state anxiety and morning fatigue 6 times over 2 cycles of chemotherapy. All of the other measures were completed prior to the second or third cycle of chemotherapy. Latent profile analysis was used to identify the state anxiety and morning fatigue profiles.

Results
Three distinct joint profiles were identified: Low Anxiety and Low Morning Fatigue (59%), Moderate Anxiety and Moderate Morning Fatigue (33.4%), and High Anxiety and High Morning Fatigue (7.6%). Patients in the 2 highest classes were younger, were less likely to be married/partnered, and had a higher comorbidity burden. All of the stress scores demonstrated a dose-response effect (ie, as anxiety and morning fatigue profiles worsened, stress increased). Patients in the 2 highest classes reported higher rates of emotional abuse, physical neglect, physical abuse, and sexual harassment.

Conclusions
More than 40% of these patients experienced moderate to high levels of both anxiety and morning fatigue. Higher levels of all 3 types of stress were associated with the 2 highest profiles.

Implications for Practice
Clinicians need to perform comprehensive evaluations of patients’ levels of stress and recommend referrals to psychosocial services.
Autopsy-Based Comparative Study of Gross and Histopathological Findings at Bone Fracture Surfaces Before and After Death
Authors: Moirangthem Sangita , Arora Arneet , Vidua Raghvendra Kumar , Goel Garima 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Fractures of bones are commonly encountered in traumatic injuries, and distinguishing between antemortem (AM) and postmortem (PM) bone fractures is crucial for estimating the time since injury and has important medicolegal implications. Correct differentiation enables understanding the dynamics of the injury and, in some cases, the cause of death. The present study aims to evaluate the gross morphological and histopathological characteristics of bony fracture surfaces to determine whether they occurred before or after an individual's death.
Fifty-seven sets of bone samples, including both antemortem and artificially created postmortem fractures, were collected from cadavers during medicolegal autopsies, meeting the inclusion criteria. Gross morphological and histopathological features were examined after staining the bony fracture edges with hematoxylin and eosin stain. The study revealed distinct morphological characteristics at fracture surfaces for both antemortem and artificially created postmortem fractures. In addition, signs of vital reaction were observed exclusively in antemortem fracture cases.
In conclusion, the findings emphasize the importance of meticulous morphological and histopathological examination of bony fracture surfaces to differentiate between antemortem fractures and artificially created postmortem artifacts. This differentiation holds significant value in forensic investigations and medicolegal cases.
Traditional Lecture Versus Procedural Video Randomized Trial: Comparative Analysis of Instructional Methods for Teaching Baclofen Pump Management
Authors: Weppner Justin , Conti Andrea , Locklear Tonja M. , Mayer Robert Samuel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study compared the effectiveness of traditional lectures and micro-videos in teaching baclofen pump programming and refilling to physicians who have completed less than ten refills for the previous two years.

Design
A mixed-method approach was employed with 60 participating physicians specializing in physical medicine & rehabilitation or pain management. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted using a rubric, and the participants’ perceptions and preferences were gathered through focus group sessions.

Results
Two-thirds of the participants specialized in physical medicine & rehabilitation. No significant differences in the pre-intervention, post-intervention, or knowledge retention scores were found between the traditional lecture and micro-video groups. Both methods demonstrated comparable effectiveness in improving the baclofen pump refilling and programming skills. Qualitatively, participants perceived both approaches as equally helpful, but those in the micro-video group raised concerns owing to instructors’ unavailability and online platform navigation. Nevertheless, they preferred the convenience, accessibility, and time-efficiency of the micro-videos.

Conclusions
The study concluded that micro-videos are an effective alternative to traditional lectures for acquiring knowledge on baclofen pump programming and refilling. Further research should consider learners’ characteristics and investigate the benefits of blended learning in medical education.
The development of cancer nutrition research from 2013 to 2022: a bibliometric and visualized analysis study
Authors: Zhang Chuying , Zhang Gege , Wu Tiantian , Fida Saba , Zhou Mingming , Song Chunhua 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The use of nutrition in cancer treatment has become increasingly widespread in recent decades, and the current stage of nutritional support and assessment has had a positive effect on reducing the side effects of cancer treatment. Based on the analysis of international literature on “tumor nutrition,” we identified the current status of research, research hotspots, and frontiers and provided a theoretical basis and reference for the development of related research in China. This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the global literature published from 2013 to 2022 to assess the current research directions.

Methods:
The Web of Science core collection was searched from 2013 to 2022. The VOSviewer 1.6.19 and CiteSpace 6.2.2 were adopted to conduct the analysis.

Results:
Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 28,245 documents were collected. The number of articles issued annually was fluctuatingly increasing. These articles were written by 124,412 authors from 20,162 affiliations in 166 countries or regions and were published in 3110 journals. The leading authors were Susan M. Gapstur, Heiner Boeing, and Hanping Shi. All publications were taken from 166 countries/regions and 20,162 organizations. The most productive countries were the United States and China. The most active institutions were the Harvard Medical School and University of Alberta. A total of 3110 journals contributed to this field, and the leading journals were Nutrients and Clinical Nutrition. The important author keywords occurred most frequently were cancer, nutrition, risk, survival, mortality, and sarcopenia.

Conclusions:
This study provided the dynamics and progress of nutrition research field. The studies about nutrition are booming. The current growth trend predicts that the global field of oncology nutrition will still increase. In addition to the traditional research on tumor nutrition, the development of interdisciplinary research should be promoted. Every country should strengthen international cooperation to enhance the influence of research results and solve many common scientific problems in the field of tumor nutrition research in multiple dimensions.
Vitamin E and risk of first stroke in general hypertensive patients: a nested case–control study
Authors: Siddiqi Sultan Mehmood , Chen Ping , Li Shuqun , Wei Yaping , He Qiangqiang , Zhou Ziyi , Xu Jiafeng , Bai Jie , Liu Lishun , Wang Binyan , Xu Xiping , Qin Xianhui , Mehmood Anam , Yiming Du , Song Yun , Zhang Zhijie 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Epidemiological studies on the association between levels of plasma vitamin E and first stroke risk are inconclusive.

Methods:
A nested, case–control study was conducted utilizing data on 115,337 hypertensive patients from the H-type Hypertension and Stroke Prevention and Control Project. The current analysis comprised 2193 cases of first stroke and 2193 controls matched for age, sex, and study site.

Results:
The mean plasma concentration of vitamin E was 12.37 (3.61) μg/mL. The smoothing curve showed a linear correlation between plasma vitamin E levels and the risk of the first stroke. Hypertensive patients with plasma vitamin E levels ≥14.1 μg/mL (Q4) had an increased risk of first stroke (adjusted odds ratios [OR]: 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.37) compared with those with plasma vitamin E < 14.1 μg/mL (Q1–Q3). Sub-group analysis revealed that the relationship between plasma vitamin E (≥14.1.1 vs. P interaction = 0.035).

Conclusions:
This study suggests that higher levels of plasma vitamin E are associated with an elevated risk of first stroke among Chinese hypertensive patients.
Utility of Enteral Contrast Protocols in Pediatric Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Acker Shannon N. , Ignacio Romeo , Russell Katie W. , Kelley-Quon Lorraine , Lofberg Katrine , Lee Justin , Jensen Aaron R. , Pickett-Nairne Kaci , Prendergast Connor , Iantorno Stephanie E. , Thangarajah Hari , Patwardhan Utsav , Melhado Caroline , Zhong Allen , Padilla Ben , Rothstein David H. , Nicassio Lauren , Pandya Samir , Valencia Maria , Wang Kasper , Inge Tom H. ,   on behalf of the Western Pediatric Surgery Research Consortium
Published: January 2024

Objective:
Our objective was to determine the utility of enteral contrast-based protocols in the diagnosis and management of adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) for children.

Background:
Enteral contrast-based protocols for adults with ASBO are associated with decreased need for surgery and shorter hospitalization. Pediatric-specific data are limited.

Methods:
We conducted a prospective observational study between October 2020 and December 2022 at nine children’s hospitals who are members of the Western Pediatric Surgery Research Consortium. Inclusion criteria were children aged 1-20 years diagnosed with ASBO who underwent a trial of nonoperative management (NOM) at hospital admission. Comparisons were made between those children who received an enteral contrast challenge and those who did not. The primary outcome was need for surgery.

Results:
We enrolled 136 children (71% male; median age: 12 y); 84 (62%) received an enteral contrast challenge. There was no difference in rate of operative intervention between the no contrast (34.6%) and contrast groups (36.9%; P=0.93). Eighty-seven (64%) were successfully managed nonoperatively with no difference in median length of stay (P=0.10) or rate of unplanned readmission (P=0.14). Among the 49 children who required an operation, there was no significant difference in time from admission to surgery or rate of small bowel resection based on prior contrast administration.

Conclusions:
The addition of enteral contrast-based protocols for management of pediatric ASBO does not decrease the likelihood of surgery or shorten hospitalization. Larger randomized studies may be needed to further define the role of radiologic contrast in the management of ASBO in children.
Centralization of Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Kotecha Krishna , Tree Kevin , Ziaziaris William A. , McKay Siobhan C. , Wand Handan , Samra Jaswinder , Mittal Anubhav 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
Through a systematic review and spline curve analysis, to better define the minimum volume threshold for hospitals to perform (pancreaticoduodenectomy) and the high volume centre (HVC).

Summary Background Data:
The pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a resource intensive procedure, with high morbidity and long hospital stays resulting in centralization towards high-volume hospitals; the published definition of high-volume remains variable.

Materials and Methods:
Following a systematic review of studies comparing PD outcomes across volume groups, semiparametric regression modelling of morbidity (%), mortality (%), length of stay (days), lymph node harvest (number of nodes) and cost ($USD) as continuous variables was performed and fitted as a smoothed function of splines. If this showed a non-linear association, then a “zero-crossing” technique was used which produced “first and second derivatives” to identify volume thresholds.

Results:
Our analysis of 33 cohort studies (198,377 patients) showed 55 PDs/year and 43 PDs/year were the threshold value required to achieve lowest morbidity and highest lymph node harvest, with model estimated degrees of freedoms

5.154 (P<0.001) and 8.254 (P<0.001) respectively. The threshold value for mortality was approximately 45 PDs/year (model

9.219 (P <0.001)) with the lowest mortality value (the optimum value) at approximately 70 PDs/year (i.e. a high volume centre). No significant association was observed for cost (e.d.f=2, P=0.989), and length of stay (e.d.f=2.04, P=0.099).

Conclusions:
There is a significant benefit from centralization of PD, with 55 PDs/year and 43 PDs/year the threshold value required to achieve lowest morbidity and highest lymph node harvest respectively. To achieve mortality benefit, the minimum procedure threshold is 45 PDs/year, with the lowest and optimum mortality value (i.e. a high volume center) at approximately 70 PDs/year.
Autoprot: Processing, Analysis and Visualization of Proteomics Data in Python
Authors: Bender Julian , Mühlhäuser Wignand W. D. , Zimmerman Johannes P. , Drepper Friedel , Warscheid Bettina 
Published: January 2024

MotivationThe increasing numbers of complex quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics data sets demand a standardised and reliable analysis pipeline. For this purpose, Python-based analysis, particularly through Jupyter notebooks, serves as a simple yet powerful tool. Nevertheless, the availability of Python software for standardised and accessible MS data analysis is limited, and this software is often constrained to using analysis functions written in Python. This excludes existing and well-tested software, for example written in R. Despite this, Python offers several interactive data visualisation modules that greatly enhance exploratory research and facilitate result communication with collaboration partners. Consequently, there is a need for an integrated and Jupyter-compatible Python analysis pipeline that incorporates R algorithms and interactive visualization for proteomics data analysis.SummaryWe developed autoprot, a Python module for simplified analysis of quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics experiments processed with the MaxQuant software. It provides access to established functions written in both Python and R for statistical testing and data transformation. Moreover, it generates JavaScript-based interactive plots that can be integrated into interactive web applications. Thereby, autoprot offers standardised, fast and reliable proteomics data analysis while maintaining the high customisability required to tailor the analysis pipeline to specific experiments.Availability and ImplementationAutoprot is implemented in Python ≥ 3.9 and can be downloaded fromhttps://github.com/ag-warscheid/autoprot. Online documentation is available athttps://ag-warscheid.github.io/autoprot/.