bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ʻAbd al-Rahim Talebof’s Promotion of Nationality and National Sociopolitical Reform in Kitab-i Aḥmad (1890–1894)
Authors: Ebrahimian Mojtaba 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Scholars of Persian literature approach ‘Abd al-Rahim Talebof’s Kitab-i Aḥmad (1890–1894) either as a pedagogical treatise exemplifying his stance on the importance of modern education for Iranian children or as an informative text presenting modern European-style scientific advances and discoveries to Iranians. Moreover, they look at contemporary European intellectuals and intellectual thought informing Talebof’s work, especially Jean Jacques Rousseau’s Émile, ou de L’Éducation (1763). In this way, they overlook the role of the contemporary Iranian intellectual discourse in forming Talebof’s work and thought. This article demonstrates that Talebof wrote his book in conversation with the works of both his eminent Iranian intellectuals and their European counterparts. Building upon the current scholarship, this article argues that in Kitab-i Aḥmad, Talebof, in addition to promoting his educational mission and informative goals, lays out his most developed social philosophy, in particular, his theorization of “nationality” (millīyat) or allegiance to an imagined nation. Talebof espouses the idea that Iranians need to own moral and religious commitment to a national community and posits “nationality” as the essential framework within which modern educational and sociopolitical reforms can be implemented.
Another Avant-Garde: Rethinking Tondar Kia’s Approach to Poetic Expression in a Transnational Context
Authors: Sonboldel Farshad 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article explores the concept of avant-garde artistic expression and argues that it should be regarded as a transcultural phenomenon that surpasses geographical boundaries. It emphasizes the importance of adopting a transnational perspective to fully grasp the intricate interactions between diverse avant-garde movements across cultures and regions. To illustrate this point, the article focuses on the Iranian avant-garde poet Tondar Kia, challenging the perception that his work is merely a replication of Western movements. Instead, it proposes that a transnational lens enables a more comprehensive understanding of the distinctive contributions made by Iranian avant-garde poets to the global avant-garde movement. The article extensively examines Kia’s work within the local context of Persian literary evolution while also shedding light on the transnational aspects present in his compositions. It highlights Kia’s critique of established aesthetic norms, particularly the notion of organic unity, and explores his innovative approaches to rhythm, tone, and polyphony in Persian poetry.
Self-Mockeries of a Mullah: An Overview of the Humorous Autobiography of Āqā Najafī Qūchānī (1878–1944)
Authors: Farjami Mahmud 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article deals with Siyāḥat-i Sharq, a remarkable self-satirizing autobiography of an Iranian mullah (clergy) called Āqā Najafī Qūchānī (1878–1944). By offering a close reading of Siyāḥat-i Sharq, this article sheds light on “autobiography” as a very rare genre among Muslim clergies and high-ranked Shiʿa ulema. This article also focuses on the techniques of humor used by Āqā Najafī in his autobiography, among which “self-mockery” is the most notable.
Learning from Another Religion: Some Methodological Reflections
Authors: Min Anselm 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What does it really mean to learn from another religion? What exactly does it involve or take to do so? Is “theology without walls” possible in the sense of a theology willing to learn from any source without regard for confessional boundaries, or is theology locked up within the walls of a confession? If learning from another religion or confession is possible, how does such learning affect one’s own religion or confession? This essay presents eight methodological theses that spell out the conditions under which interreligious learning can become compelling and fruitful. Drawn from a lifelong career of theological and religious scholarship and practice, these theses build on both scholarship from Western philosophy and religious studies as well as East Asian cultural and religious traditions.
Hermeneutics of the “Fourth Teaching”: Two Chinese Scholars on Christianity and Ruism in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
Authors: Ciccotti Jesse 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper examines the works of two twentieth and twenty-first century Protestant Chinese Christians, Wú Léichuān and Shí Héngtán, probing their hermeneutics for similarities to the way Buddhism entered into Chinese culture that might suggest a possibility of Christianity becoming a “fourth teaching,” alongside Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism. A theological framework first described by Christian historian Andrew Walls, which he calls the “Ephesians Moment,” will be used to evaluate the hermeneutical choices made by Wú and Shí.
Susy Clemens: The Final Years
Authors: Morris Linda A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article focuses on the final six years of Susy Clemens’s life, from the time she was admitted to Bryn Mawr College at the age of eighteen to her final days in Hartford, Connecticut, where she died unexpectedly of spinal meningitis while preparing to rejoin her parents in Europe. The article examines her romantic relationship with fellow student Louis Brownell and the effects of their separation on Susy when the Clemens family moved to Europe to cut back on their living expenses. It explores her struggles to make the transition from girlhood to young adulthood, including her engagement with Mind Cure in her determination to improve herself. Throughout, the article draws on letters from Susy to Louise, to her sister Clara, and to her mother, Livy, and it features letters from Livy expressing her ongoing concerns for her daughter’s well-being.
“Only Dead Men Can Tell the Truth in This World”: The Growth of Mark Twain’s Anger
Authors: McNamara Megan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the writer known as Mark Twain neared the end of his life and career, the changing circumstances of the nation caused his criticism to sharpen and move from somewhat covert to brutally overt. The ways in which American nationalism and false piety were becoming ever more entwined seemed to have led to an increased infusion of anger within his satire. In the last decade of his life, his satire of American exceptionalism grew sharper with the “The War Prayer” and “To the Person Sitting in Darkness.” The latter, originally an essay published in the North American Review in February 1901 satirizing imperialism, religion, and the myth of American innocence, was published just a month after the writer had been appointed the vice-president of the Anti-Imperialist League of New York. His disappointment, to put it mildly, at the American involvement in the Philippines and China has been well documented, but in these pieces Mark Twain attacks the Christian missionary zeal that is used as a cover for capitalism and imperialism abroad. Through his scathing response to Reverend William Scott Ament, the article instantiates his growth, with some of his most scathing and direct criticism of the missionary project and its connections with imperialist capitalism. With his latest works, Mark Twain suggests that if only Americans were able to unlearn their inherited mythologies, they might be able to avoid the most atrocious outcroppings of patriotism and Christianity.
Why I Still Teach Mark Twain in the Twenty-first-Century Indian Classroom
Authors: Sharma Seema 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article explores my journey of teaching Adventures of Huckleberry Finn to first-year undergraduate students in a Mumbai college. It outlines the pedagogical strategies and resources employed to make the text relevant in a “decolonized” classroom environment. It also retraces the path of discovery that Twain’s voice reverberates not only with the present-day U.S. concerns, but also that Indian students can relate to his writings on race, imperialism, social justice, and empathy in their own cultural context.
Alarcón’s Notion of Universalization in Lost City Radio
Authors: Febles Carmen Gabriela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In his debut novel, Lost City Radio (2007), Daniel Alarcón combines his passions for narrative, journalism, radio, and the city of Lima into a story arch that at once teaches and transcends modern Peruvian history. The novelist has used the word “universalization” in defining the theoretical underpinning of his novel, a theory he enacts in subsequent creative endeavors, which include the founding and production of two narrative journalistic podcasts that speak to and about a broad “regional” community that identifies with “América Latina” as a transnational, transcultural, translingual community. This essay explores Alarcón’s articulation and deployment of the concept of universalization as a transbordering strategy in Lost City Radio, and examines the enactment of transbordering as a guiding ethos in his multifaceted scholarly production to date.
THE TRACE OF THE GREAT EMPIRE: A SCULPTURE OF THE ANCIENT TURKIC ERA FROM THE TOBOL RIVER REGION (NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN)
Authors: Хасенова Б.М. , Джумабекова Г.С. , Базарбаева Г.А. 
Published: November 2023

В статье впервые в научный оборот вводится изваяние VII—VIII вв. из Северного Казахстана. Выполнены описание и атрибуция находки. Изваяние представляет собой статную фигуру сидящего мужчины. Подобные объекты довольно редки для данного региона; вместе с тем, они выступают маркёрами ареала Западно-Тюрского каганата. Новая находка пополняет фонд этого вида археологических источников, позволяющих дополнить объективную картину культурно-исторических процессов в степном поясе Евразии в эпоху ранних тюркских государств. Учитывая малочисленность памятников древнетюркского периода в регионе, обусловленную, среди прочего, освоением земель под сельскохозяйственные нужды, каждая находка изваяния приобретает особое значение.
A new find of stone sculpture of the ancient Turkic times (7th — 8thcentury) from Northern Kazakhstan is published, and the description and attribution of the find are given. The statue represents a stately figure of a sitting man. Such statues are quite rare in the Tobol River region; at the same time, they are markers of the area of the Western Turkic Khaganate. Hence, the sample of this kind of archaeological record is gradually replenished with finds, which enables reconstruction of a picture of cultural and historical processes in the steppe belt of Eurasiain the times of the early Turkic states. Taking into account the small number of findspots and sites of the ancient Turkic period in the region, which is due, among other things, to the agricultural development of land, each find of stone sculpture is of particular importance.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE LOCALIZATION OF THE BILISTAN FORTRESS
Authors: Гаджиев М.С. , Сайпудинов М.Ш. , Саидов В.А. , Магомедов Ю.А. 
Published: November 2023

В статье рассматривается вопрос локализации крепости Билистан, которую по данным авторитетного арабского историка Ибн А’сама ал-Куфи (ум. 926) осаждали арабские войска во главе с наместником Арминийи Марваном ибн Мухаммадом в 738 г., в период завоевательных кампаний на Восточном Кавказе, и в которой укрывался царь лакзов Арбис ибн Басбас. Согласно информации, приведённой в «Китаб ал-футух» Ибн А’сама ал-Куфи, это укреплённое поселение располагалось в «стране лакзов» в среднем течении реки Самур. В 2019 г. одним из авторов этой статьи на основе лингво-этимологического и топонимического анализа была предложена гипотеза, согласно которой этот исторически засвидетельствованный пункт мог находиться на среднем течении р. Самур, в зоне расположения современного сел. Куйсун. Выявленное здесь в 2023 г. городище с укреплённой цитаделью, а также полученный там керамический комплекс позволяют датировать этот археологический объект VI—VIII вв. Существуют веские аргументы для локализации крепости Билистан на месте городища Куйсун.
The article deals with the localization of the Bilistan fortress, which, according to the authoritative Arab historian Ibn A’tham al-Kufi (d. 926), was besieged by Arab troops led by the governor of Arminiyya Marwan ibn Muhammad in 120 AH / 738 CE during the conquest campaigns in the East Caucasus and in which the king of Lakz Arbis ibn Basbas took refuge. According to al-Kufi’s Kitāb al-futūḥ (The Book of Conquests), this fortified settlement was located in the Land of Lakzin the middle reaches of the Samur River. In 2019, a hypothesis based on a linguistic-etymological and toponymic analysis was proposed by one of the authors of this article, according to which this historically attested site could be located in the middle reaches of the Samur River, in the area of the modern-day village of Kuysun. Discovered here in 2023, a settlement with a fortified citadel as well as the ceramic material collected there enable the dating of the site to the 6th — 8th century. Hence, there is a strong argument for localizing the Bilistan fortress exactly where the recently discovered Kuysun settlement is situated.
МОНЕТЫ ЯГЕЛЛОНОВ ИЗ БОЛГАРСКИХ ЗЕМЕЛЬ
Authors: Mitev N.O. 
Published: November 2023

At the end of the 14th century, a new actor appeared on the European scene, the Jagiellonian dynasty, which for two centuries played an important role in the political life of Central and Eastern Europe. The Jagiellons also was connected with the Balkans. Here, the coins of the Jagiellonian rulers, from the progenitor Władysław Jagiełło to the last representative Zygmunt II (including those who were on the Hungarian throne), which were found in present-day Bulgaria, are examined. Both individual finds and those found in the hoards have been analyzed. Compared to the issues of Władysław Warneńczyk, the coins of the other rulers are less common, which seems logical, given the specificity and the difficulty of the period; but in the 16th century, and more specifically around the middle of the century, the number of specimens began to increase. The cultural record like this is a good proof of the contacts between the Bulgarian lands and the nations of Central Europeduring this period. The article provides a basis we can stand upon in future research on the matter, since the sample of Jagiellonian coin finds in this geographical area is expected to increase.
В конце XIV в. на европейской сцене появилось новое действующее лицо — династия Ягеллонов, игравшая на протяжении двух столетий важную роль в политической жизни Центральной и Восточной Европы. Ягеллоны были связаны и с Балканами. В статье рассматриваются монеты правителей Ягеллонов, от прародителя Владислава Ягайло до последнего представителя Сигизмунда II (включая королей, бывших на венгерском престоле), которые встречаются на современных болгарских землях. Проанализированы как единичные находки, так и клады. По сравнению с выпусками Владислава Варненчика, монеты других правителей встречаются реже. Это логично, учитывая специфику и сложность периода, но в XVI в., а особенно в его середине, выборка нарастает. Нумизматические памятники служат верным доказательством контактов болгарских земель со странами Центральной Европы в XIV—XVI вв. Статья является основой для будущих исследований по этому вопросу, поскольку в этом географическом районе можно ожидать новых находок монет Ягеллонов.
ON THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE BURIAL OF HUMAN REMAINS IN HERMONASSA
Authors: Ильина Т.А. , Свиркина Н.Г. , Веселкова Д.В. 
Published: November 2023

В процессе исследования горизонта третьей четверти III в. в северной части Гермонассы обнаружены свидетельства пожаров и разрушений, а также хозяйственные ямы с человеческими костными останками разной комплектности. Последние характеризуются половозрастной вариабельностью. Часть останков принадлежит мирному населению, погибшему во время вооружённого конфликта; признаки обезглавливания и скальпирования могут рассматриваться как маркёр, идентифицирующий нападавших. Контекст обнаружения останков указывает на то, что хозяйственные ямы использовались для санитарных захоронений. Через короткий промежуток времени после нападения мирная жизнь на городище возобновилась.
Traces of fires and demolition in the northern part of Hermonassa were traced as a result of the study of the strata dating back to the third quarter of the 3rd century. Human remains of various completeness were found in the pits. Sex and age variability of the buried indicates a civilian population killed during the armed conflict, while decapitation and scalping marks can be considered as a marker that identifies the attackers. The pits were used as hygienic burials. Peaceful life in the settlement resumed in a short period of time after the attack.
РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ ХАЛКИДОНИЗМА В TАЙКЕ И ЕГО ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ИСТОРИКО-КУЛЬТУРНОЙ СРЕДЫ
Authors: Akopov Arkadi , Nazaryan Liana , Nahatakyan Davit , Hayrapetyan Armen , Muradyan Hakob , Matikyan Hasmik 
Published: November 2023

In 451, after the Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon, Chalcedonism spread in Armenia, especially in Tayk. With its spread, Georgian penetrated there having an impact on the historic and cultural life and the ethnic image of the region. A part of the Armenians, breaking away from the Armenian Church, became Georgian-speaking. The study aims to analyze the process and the ethno-religious environment resulted from the impact of the new confession. In Tayk, a bishop’s seat was founded as early as the 4th century by Gregory the Illuminator, and it continued to be a diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church, which is testified by the fact that the names of the bishops of Tayk have been remembered at church meetings etc. until the 9th — 10thcenturies. Chalcedonism and Georgian writing and literature rooted in the region as late as the 9th — 10th centuries, when the Bagratunis, the local ruling elite, accepted the Chalcedonian confession. As a result, the population of Tayk and their rulers were called ‘Georgians’ or ‘Iberians’ in both Armenian and foreign records. In Tayk, even church ceremonies were performed in Georgian, though Armenian was also used.
После Четвёртого Вселенского Халкидонского собора в 451 г. халкидонизм стал распространяться в Армении, особенно в её провинции Тайк. С распространением халкидонизма туда внедрился грузинский язык, что оказало значительное влияние на историко-культурную жизнь и этнический облик региона. Часть армянского населения, постепенно отдаляясь от Армянской церкви, стала грузиноязычной. Цель статьи — изучить процесс распространения халкидонизма в Тайке и образовавшуюся в результате этого новую этнорелигиозную среду, проанализировать влияние нового вероисповедания на историко-культурную среду. В Тайке, где епископский престол еще в IV в. был основан Григорием Просветителем, до IX—X вв. продолжала оставаться епархия Армянской Апостольской церкви, свидетельством чего являются имена епископов Тайка, упоминаемых на церковных собраниях и в других случаях. Только в IX—X вв., когда местная правящая элита — Багратуни — приняла халкидонскую религию, в регионе укоренились халкидонизм, грузинская письменность и литература. В результате смены вероисповедания в армянских и зарубежных источниках население и правители Тайка стали также именоваться «грузинами» или «иберами». В Тайке и соседнем Кхарджке даже церковные обряды проводились на грузинском языке, хотя использовался и армянский.
OSSETIAN GRAFFITI ON THE BUILDINGS IN UPPER BIG LIAKHVA BASIN
Authors: Яценко С.А. , Сланов А.А. , Хутинаев А.Х. 
Published: November 2023

Экспедиция 2023 г. в один из районов Южной Осетии изучала граффити в 20 основных селениях 6 соседних ущелий. В основном они размещались на башнях фамилий или патронимий. Особенно интересны 3 башни двух соседних селений в Ермане, (на которых граффити, включая 4—5 тамг, были на каждом углу или стене). Они были фамильными башнями-святилищами. В этих селениях тамги были на всех сохранившихся башнях. Тамги продолжали активно использоваться и после падения монархии в России. Чаще всего граффити-тамги использовали мигранты из северного Куртатинского общества. Рассмотрены особенности размещения на зданиях основных образов местных граффити, которые заметно различаются. Существовала частичная преемственность мест нанесения и круга образов граффити от древних сарматов и средневековых аланов.
The expedition in 2023 studied graffiti in one of the regions of South Ossetia, in 20 main villages of 6 neighboring gorges. Usually, they were placed on the clan / linige towers. 3 towers of two neighboring villages in Erman (on which graffiti including 4—5 tamga-signs were on each corner or wall) were the particularly interesting. They were the family sanctuaries. In these villages the tamgas were on all the surviving towers. The tamgas continued to be actively used after the fall of the monarchy in Russia. Most often, graffiti-tamgas were used by migrants from the northern Kurtaty Community. The features of placement on buildings of the main images of local graffiti, which differ markedly, are considered. There was a partial continuity of the places of application and the range of graffiti images from the ancient Sarmatians and medieval Alans.
РАННЕВИЗАНТИЙСКИЕ «МЕДАЛЬОННЫЕ» КАПИТЕЛИ НА СВЯТОЙ ЗЕМЛЕ: ИХ КОНТЕКСТ, СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ И ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКОЕ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ
Authors: Tarkhanova S. 
Published: November 2023

In this paper, twelve marble “medallion” capitals of the Holy Land are collected together, stylistically analyzed, and dated for the first time. For a better understanding of their geographical distribution, the places of recovery were marked on the map. In the recent article of C. Barsanti (2017), only 40 capitals of this type were collected throughout the whole Mediterranean region, so the number of local artifacts is rather considerable. None of the local capitals was revealed in situ but only in secondary use in the Early Islamic context or scattered at the sites. In all cases, Early-Byzantine churches dated to the 5th — 6th centuries CE were located in close vicinity. The paper consistently provides them as apparent sources from which the capitals might be hypothetically generated. Stylistic analysis showed the process of order alteration: the recognizable morphological basis of the type was followed (though not strictly) in all specimens. At the same time, ancillary details might vary considerably from one capital to the other. This process implies gradual order decline moves from more complete and detailed to more laconic variations of the “medallion” type.
В данной работе собраны вместе, стилистически проанализированы и впервые датированы двенадцать мраморных «медальонных» капителей Святой Земли. Для лучшего понимания их географического распространения места обнаружения были отмечены на карте. В недавней статье К. Барсанти (2017) по всему Средиземноморью было собрано всего 40 капителей этого типа, так что количество местных артефактов довольно значимо. Ни одна из местных капителей не была обнаружена in situ. Все они находились во вторичном использовании в раннеисламском контексте или были разбросаны на поверхности земли вне археологического контекста. Но во всех случаях в непосредственной близости располагались ранневизантийские храмы V—VI вв. н.э. В статье они последовательно представлены как источники, из которых гипотетически могли происходить капители. Стилистический анализ показывает процесс развития ордера: узнаваемая морфологическая основа типа соблюдается (хотя и не строго) во всех экземплярах. В то же время вспомогательные детали могут значительно отличаться от одной капители к другой. Этот процесс "развития" подразумевал постепенный упадок ордерного канона и переход от более детализированных к более лаконичным вариантам капителей «медальонного типа».