bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregivers’ attitudes toward blood‐based biomarker testing for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bolsewig Katharina , Blok Hester , Willemse Eline A. J. , Zwaaftink Rob B. M. Groot , Kooistra Minke , Smets Ellen M. A. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Visser Leonie N. C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe aimed to evaluate informal caregivers’ attitudes toward undergoing and future implementation of blood‐based biomarkers (BBBM) testing for Alzheimer's disease (AD).METHODSWe explored caregivers’ perspectives, by combining an online survey (n = 107) with a subsequent focus group (n = 7). We used descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis to identify common themes in answers to open‐ended survey questions and focus group data.RESULTSMost caregivers (72.0%) favored BBBM for AD diagnosis. Provided with hypothetical scenarios, confidence in a normal result decreased significantly if experienced symptoms were more severe (mild: 78.5% vs. severe: 48.6%). Caregivers’ attitudes toward BBBM for screening purposes significantly improved with prospect of treatment (53.3% vs. 92.5%). Concerns toward BBBM testing included treatment unavailability, increased/prolonged distress, and AD‐related stigma. Potential benefits were actionability, explanation for symptoms, and opportunities for better care and future treatment.DISCUSSIONEmerging AD treatment and reduction of AD‐related stigma could profoundly increase public interest in BBBM testing for AD.Highlights
Most informal caregivers would want blood‐based biomarker (BBBM) testing for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis.
Perceived (dis)advantages were related to diagnosing AD early.
With severe symptoms, there was less confidence in normal BBBM results.
Treatment availability would significantly increase interest in BBBM testing for AD.
Informal caregivers showed uncertainty regarding the meaning of the term “AD.”
Myxoid neurofibroma masquerading as lymphatic‐venous malformation and poses a diagnostic challenge on fine needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Shaker Nada , Iwenofu Hans , Shaker Nuha , Tynski Zofia , Sangueza Omar P. , Abid Abdul 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMyxoid neurofibromas (NF) are uncommon, benign spindle cell tumors that originate from peripheral nerve sheaths, often posing a diagnostic challenge due to their hypocellularity on cytology specimens. Distinguishing myxoid spindle cell lesions can be challenging, given the broad range of potential differential diagnoses.Case PresentationA 26‐year‐old female with a past medical history of embolized inguinal, flank, and retroperitoneal venolymphatic malformation presented with a left pelvic pain causing significant disability. CT scan showed an extensive 8.7 cm × 6.6 cm retroperitoneal mass. FNA was performed and alcohol‐fixed papanicolaou‐stained smears showed a hypocellular specimen with loosely arranged clusters of bland spindle cell proliferation in the background of a mucoid matrix. Spindle cells showed scant cytoplasm and elongated oval‐shaped regular nuclei. Prominent nucleoli were not seen. An excisional biopsy revealed a bland spindle cell proliferation in a myxoid background associated with shredded collagen bundles. Immunohistochemical staining showed diffuse positivity for S100 and CD34. Based on the overall findings, a definitive diagnosis of myxoid neurofibroma was rendered.DiscussionCytological features of myxoid neurofibroma include the presence of hypocellular spindle‐shaped cells arranged in small, loosely organized groups within a myxoid matrix background. Cells exhibit scant cytoplasm with regular oval and elongated nuclei. Nucleoli are typically not identified. The differential diagnosis includes myxoid neurofibroma, myxoma, myxoid liposarcoma, myxoid chondrosarcoma, myxoid dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, and low‐grade myxo‐fibrosarcoma.ConclusionWe aim to highlight the importance of considering myxoid neurofibroma in the differential diagnosis of hypocellular myxoid spindle cell lesions encountered on fine‐needle aspiration cytology.
Chrononutrition in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: A narrative review
Authors: Verde Ludovica , Di Lorenzo Tonia , Savastano Silvia , Colao Annamaria , Barrea Luigi , Muscogiuri Giovanna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChrononutrition is a nutritional regimen that follows our biological clock, marked by the changes in metabolism that occur during the day. This regimen includes the distribution of energy, the regularity and frequency of meals, and the importance of these factors for metabolic health. A growing body of animal and human evidence indicates that the timing of food intake throughout the day can have a significant and beneficial impact on the metabolic health and well‐being of individuals. In particular, both the timing and frequency of meals have been associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, and other chronic conditions. Today's busy lifestyle makes many people skip breakfast and eat late at night. Eating late at night has been shown to cause a circadian misalignment, with the latter having a negative impact on weight control and glucose metabolism. Additionally, some studies have found a relatively strong association between skipping breakfast and insulin resistance, and T2DM. Against the backdrop of escalating obesity and T2DM rates, coupled with the recognized influence of food timing on disease evolution and control, this review aimed to synthesize insights from epidemiological and intervention studies of the interplay of timing of food intake and macronutrient consumption, reporting their impact on obesity and T2DM.
Cougars, wolves, and humans drive a dynamic landscape of fear for elk
Authors: Ganz Taylor R. , DeVivo Melia T. , Wirsing Aaron J. , Bassing Sarah B. , Kertson Brian N. , Walker Savanah L. , Prugh Laura R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo manage predation risk, prey navigate a dynamic landscape of fear, or spatiotemporal variation in risk perception, reflecting predator distributions, traits, and activity cycles. Prey may seek to reduce risk across this landscape using habitat at times and in places when predators are less active. In multipredator landscapes, avoiding one predator could increase vulnerability to another, making the landscape of fear difficult to predict and navigate. Additionally, humans may shape interactions between predators and prey, and induce new sources of risk. Humans can function as a shield, providing a refuge for prey from human‐averse carnivores, and as a predator, causing mortality through hunting and vehicle collisions and eliciting a fear response that can exceed that of carnivores. We used telemetry data collected between 2017 and 2021 from 63 Global Positioning System‐collared elk (Cervus canadensis), 42 cougars (Puma concolor), and 16 wolves (Canis lupus) to examine how elk habitat selection changed in relation to carnivores and humans in northeastern Washington, USA. Using step selection functions, we evaluated elk habitat use in relation to cougars, wolves, and humans, diel period (daytime vs. nighttime), season (summer calving season vs. fall hunting season), and habitat structure (open vs. closed habitat). The diel cycle was critical to understanding elk movement, allowing elk to reduce encounters with predators where and when they would be the largest threat. Elk strongly avoided cougars at night but had a near‐neutral response to cougars during the day, whereas elk avoided wolves at all times of day. Elk generally used more open habitats where cougars and wolves were most active, rather than altering the use of habitat structure depending on the predator species. Elk avoided humans during the day and ~80% of adult female mortality was human caused, suggesting that humans functioned as a “super predator” in this system. Simultaneously, elk leveraged the human shield against wolves but not cougars at night, and no elk were confirmed to have been killed by wolves. Our results add to the mounting evidence that humans profoundly affect predator–prey interactions, highlighting the importance of studying these dynamics in anthropogenic areas.
The breathtaking world of human respiratory in vitro models: Investigating lung diseases and infections in 3D models, organoids, and lung‐on‐chip
Authors: Dichtl Stefanie , Posch* Wilfried , Wilflingseder Doris 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic illustrated an urgent need for sophisticated, human tissue models to rapidly test and develop effective treatment options against this newly emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Thus, in particular, the last 3 years faced an extensive boost in respiratory and pulmonary model development. Nowadays, 3D models, organoids and lung‐on‐chip, respiratory models in perfusion, or precision‐cut lung slices are used to study complex research questions in human primary cells. These models provide physiologically relevant systems for studying SARS‐CoV‐2 and, of course, other respiratory pathogens, but they are, too, suited for studying lung pathologies, such as CF, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or asthma, in more detail in terms of viral infection. With these models, the cornerstone has been laid for further advancing the organs by, for example, inclusion of several immune cell types or humoral immune components, combination with other organs in microfluidic organ‐on‐chip devices, standardization and harmonization of the devices for reliable and reproducible drug and vaccine testing in high throughput.
Extracellular vesicles: Messengers of allergic immune responses and novel therapeutic strategy
Authors: Möbs Christian , Jung Anna Lena 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles released by nearly every cell type across all kingdoms of life. As a result, EVs are ubiquitously present in various human body fluids. Composed of a lipid bilayer, EVs encapsulate proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, thus playing a crucial role in immunity, for example, by enabling intercellular communication. More recently, there has been increasing evidence that EVs can also act as key regulators of allergic immune responses. Their ability to facilitate cell‐to‐cell contact and to transport a variety of different biomolecules enables active modulation of both innate and adaptive immune processes associated with allergic reactions. A comprehensive understanding of the intricate mechanisms underlying the interactions among allergens, immune cells, and EVs is imperative to develop innovative strategies for controlling allergic responses. This review highlights the recent roles of host cell‐ and bacteria‐derived EVs in allergic diseases, presenting experimental and clinical evidence that underscores their significance. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of EVs in allergy management is outlined, along with the challenges associated with targeted delivery and cargo stability for clinical use. Optimization of EV composition and targeting strategies holds promise for advancing translational applications and establishing EVs as biomarkers or safe therapeutics for assessing allergic reactions. For these reasons, EVs represent a promising avenue for advancing both our understanding and management of allergic immune processes.
Physical properties and mass models of Deglet Noor and Arichti semi‐dry Algerian date fruits: A comparative study
Authors: Roumani Messaoud , Remmani Rania , Miladi Malek , Abu‐Khalaf Nawaf , Canales Antonio Ruiz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor thousands of years, date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) has been a popular diet in arid and semi‐arid locations. It has religious importance for Muslims and is especially important during the holy month of Ramadan. The global output of date fruits has been continuously expanding, with Arab nations accounting for a sizable portion. The emphasis of this research is on two popular semi‐dry Algerian date fruit types, Deglet Noor and Arechti, which are grown in the Ziban region. These fruits' physical parameters, such as size, sphericity, surface area, volumes, and density, were determined. The goal of this study was to create a mass model based on these physical attributes to help in the grading and sorting of date fruits. Fruit mass was shown to be closely connected to linear dimensions, arithmetic and geometric mean diameters, surface area, and volumes. Correlations between mass and physical attributes were established using a variety of mathematical models, including linear, quadratic, S‐curve, and power models. The results demonstrated the applicability of specific factors for mass modeling, offering useful insights for the development of system sizing and conservation. With good correlation, multivariate data analysis was employed to correctly estimate the mass of both kinds. This research advances our understanding of the physical features of Algerian date fruits and their connection to mass, allowing for better handling, sorting, and packing processes in the worldwide date market.
Aquaporin‐4 and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 balance in early postnatal neurodevelopment
Authors: Cibelli Antonio , Mola Maria Grazia , Saracino Emanuela , Barile Barbara , Abbrescia Pasqua , Mogni Guido , Spray David C. , Scemes Eliana , Rossi Andrea , Spennato Diletta , Svelto Maria , Frigeri Antonio , Benfenati Valentina , Nicchia Grazia Paola 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the adult brain, the water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) is expressed in astrocyte endfoot, in supramolecular assemblies, called “Orthogonal Arrays of Particles” (OAPs) together with the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), finely regulating the cell volume. The present study aimed at investigating the contribution of AQP4 and TRPV4 to CNS early postnatal development using WT and AQP4 KO brain and retina and neuronal stem cells (NSCs), as an in vitro model of astrocyte differentiation. Western blot analysis showed that, differently from AQP4 and the glial cell markers, TRPV4 was downregulated during CNS development and NSC differentiation. Blue native/SDS‐PAGE revealed that AQP4 progressively organized into OAPs throughout the entire differentiation process. Fluorescence quenching assay indicated that the speed of cell volume changes was time‐related to NSC differentiation and functional to their migratory ability. Calcium imaging showed that the amplitude of TRPV4 Ca2+ transient is lower, and the dynamics are changed during differentiation and suppressed in AQP4 KO NSCs. Overall, these findings suggest that early postnatal neurodevelopment is subjected to temporally modulated water and Ca2+ dynamics likely to be those sustaining the biochemical and physiological mechanisms responsible for astrocyte differentiation during brain and retinal development.
Glymphatic fluid transport is suppressed by the aquaporin‐4 inhibitor AER‐271
Authors: Giannetto Michael J. , Gomolka Ryszard S. , Gahn‐Martinez Daniel , Newbold Evan J. , Bork Peter A. R. , Chang Ethan , Gresser Michael , Thompson Trevor , Mori Yuki , Nedergaard Maiken 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe glymphatic system transports cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain via arterial perivascular spaces and removes interstitial fluid from the brain along perivenous spaces and white matter tracts. This directional fluid flow supports the clearance of metabolic wastes produced by the brain. Glymphatic fluid transport is facilitated by aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) water channels, which are enriched in the astrocytic vascular endfeet comprising the outer boundary of the perivascular space. Yet, prior studies of AQP4 function have relied on genetic models, or correlated altered AQP4 expression with glymphatic flow in disease states. Herein, we sought to pharmacologically manipulate AQP4 function with the inhibitor AER‐271 to assess the contribution of AQP4 to glymphatic fluid transport in mouse brain. Administration of AER‐271 inhibited glymphatic influx as measured by CSF tracer infused into the cisterna magna and inhibited increases in the interstitial fluid volume as measured by diffusion‐weighted MRI. Furthermore, AER‐271 inhibited glymphatic efflux as assessed by an in vivo clearance assay. Importantly, AER‐271 did not affect AQP4 localization to the astrocytic endfeet, nor have any effect in AQP4 deficient mice. Since acute pharmacological inhibition of AQP4 directly decreased glymphatic flow in wild‐type but not in AQP4 deficient mice, we foresee AER‐271 as a new tool for manipulation of the glymphatic system in rodent brain.
Identifying and addressing unmet clinical needs on the use of zanubrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A consensus‐based position paper from an ad hoc expert panel
Authors: Mauro Francesca Romana , Tedeschi Alessandra , Varettoni Marzia , Zaja Francesco , Barosi Giovanni , Zinzani Pier Luigi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractZanubrutinib has been approved for treating patients with different lymphoproliferative disorders and now represents a significant breakthrough in treating relapsed/refractory and previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Because few systematic studies or comparative randomized clinical trials have been conducted, optimal use of zanubrutinib in approved indications may be challenging. This article presents the results of a group discussion among an ad hoc constituted panel of experts to identify and address unmet clinical needs (UCNs) in using zanubrutinib in patients with CLL. Key UCNs were selected according to the criterion of clinical relevance using the Delphi process. Panel members reviewed the results of first‐line and upstream controlled trials in which the efficacy and toxicity profile of zanubrutinib and other BTK inhibitors were investigated in patients with CLL. Based on a critical discussion of data, the panel produced recommendations for using zanubrutinib and proposals for new studies to increase the evidence for the optimal treatment of patients with CLL. The recommendations given by the panel are intended for use not only by expert centers but, above all, by less experienced hematologists as well as general practitioners.
Too costly to make a difference: An examination on the relationship between online financing and economic growth
Authors: Deng Jiapin , Liu Yanchu , Xiao Wenyue 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhile facilitating people's access to finance and promoting financial coverage, online financing activities involve high capital costs that suppress economic growth. Using 282 Chinese cities during 2011–2020 as the sample, we examine the relationship between online financing and economic growth. Exploiting a variety of models, we find that online financing activities do not have significant effects on economic growth. Further evidence shows that the insignificant relationship between online financing and economic growth also exists in cities with less developed formal financial systems. Our analysis based on the context where borrowers and lenders do not know each other offline implies that the technology intended to promote financial coverage, if not reducing information asymmetry and hence the cost incurred in financial transactions, does not necessarily lead to desirable economic and social outcomes.
Perils and possibilities of health exception laws: A narrative review
Authors: Shaw Dorothy , Awoonor‐Williams Koku , Brauer Annika , Gil Laura , Morales Juana Pérez , Chavkin Wendy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractForty‐seven of the 203 countries with abortion laws detailed by the Center for Reproductive Rights have a health exception (HE) clause, inconsistent in both wording and implementation, even within countries. This narrative review sought to determine the understanding and implementation of the legally permissible HE in different countries, or states, to provide clarification and guidance for strategies that will maximize permitted access to safe abortion within the law and avoid undue delays that harm the lives and health of women and their families. A multimethod approach was used. The literature search for countries with HE laws, including physical, mental, and social health, and exceptions for threat to life, rape, incest, and fetal anomaly, returned sparse results. The review of emblematic cases that had reached regional courts on the grounds of human rights violation for failure to obtain legal abortion under the country's HE clause included some examples qualifying on multiple grounds. We interviewed 15 physician advocates from 14 countries about use of the HE in their countries. Informants from Latin America interpreted the HE to refer to physical, psychological, and social health. HE laws are common but confusing, with significant opportunities to improve access through clarification and implementation. Where multiple grounds permit ending a pregnancy, the least onerous exception for the patient is the most ethical. Examples of progress in Colombia and Ghana demonstrate successful approaches to broader HE implementation.
Biomarkers for predicting efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy and their detection methods
Authors: Zou Bo , Song Yanzhou , Li Ning , Fan Zhongyi , Li Jie , Peng Yuanzheng , Wei Wanshan , Zhang Yuzi , Su Yinan , Meng Xianmin , Lu Hongzhou , Zhang Xingding , Tan Xiaohua , Liao Qibin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCancer immunotherapy has emerged as the fourth most prevalent approach to tumor treatment, alongside surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. After several decades of development, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cell therapy, a promising branch of adoptive T‐cell therapy, has demonstrated superior efficacy and safety in comparison to other cell therapies in the treatment of cancer. At present, CAR‐T cells are predominantly used to treat hematological malignancies, although their application in solid tumors is being readily investigated. Although numerous studies have examined the biomarkers associated with the safety of CAR‐T cell therapy, few have evaluated predictors of CAR‐T cell therapeutic efficacy. Thus, the primary objective of this review article was to provide a comprehensive overview of the factors predicting the efficacy of CAR‐T cell therapy, with a particular focus on biomarkers and their detection methods.
Efficacy of atrioventricular valve regurgitation in the first trimester for the diagnosis of atrioventricular septal defect
Authors: Yang Shuihua , Liang Mengfeng , Qin Guican , Tang Yanni , Liang Yan , Pang Yulan , Yang Zuojian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the efficacy of atrioventricular valve regurgitation (AVVR) for predicting atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) in the first trimester.MethodsWe performed a prospective observational study, screening for complicated congenital heart diseases and AVVR in fetuses at 11 to 13+6 weeks of gestation by advanced dynamic flow in four‐chamber view and three‐vessel‐trachea view.Results43 549 fetuses at 11 to 13+6 weeks of gestation were screened by echocardiography, of which 37 cases were diagnosed with AVSD, including complete AVSD (31 cases), intermediate AVSD (3 cases) and partial AVSD (1 cases), undiagnosed intermediate AVSD (2 cases), and misdiagnosed case (2 cases). AVVR was observed in 34 cases (34/37) in the first trimester, 59. 46% (22/37) nuchal translucency greater than 95th percentile, 29. 73% (11/37) absence of nasal bone, 32. 43% (12/37) ductus venosus A wave inversion, and 40. 54% (15/37) had tricuspid regurgitation. The sensitivity of common AVVR in predicting AVSD is better than other ultrasonic indexes.ConclusionsAVVR can be used as an ultrasonic indicator to predict AVSD in the first trimester, which is beneficial to detect AVSD.