bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitationen bei Post-COVID-Syndrom der Deutschen
Rentenversicherung 2021
Authors: Trefzer Tanja , Brüggemann Silke , Weinbrenner Susanne , Schlitt Axel 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die vorliegende Arbeit soll einen Überblick
über die medizinischen Rehabilitationen bei Post-COVID-Syndrom in
Trägerschaft der Deutschen Rentenversicherung (DRV) im Jahr 2021
geben.
Methodik Die Querschnittsanalyse beschreibt medizinische Rehabilitationen,
die im Jahr 2021 abgeschlossen wurden und bei denen an erster oder zweiter
Diagnosestelle im einheitlichen Entlassungsbericht eine Folgeerkrankung von
COVID-19 entsprechend der Internationalen statistischen Klassifikation der
Krankheiten und verwandter Gesundheitsprobleme verschlüsselt wurde. Als
COVID-19-Folgeerkrankungen wurden die Codes U08(.9), U09(.9) und U10(.9) sowie
die entsprechenden Codes aus dem Jahr 2020 gewertet. Kinderrehabilitationen und
onkologische Rehabilitationen bei Rentnern und Familienangehörigen
(Leistungen nach § 31 Abs. 1 Nr. 2 SGB VI) wurden ausgeschlossen.
Statistisch erfolgte die Angabe von relativen und absoluten Häufigkeiten
bei nominal und ordinal skalierten Variablen, sowie Median und Quartilen bei
kontinuierlichen, nicht-normalverteilten Variablen.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 9.666 Rehabilitationen analysiert, davon
54,8% Frauen und 43,2% Männer. Das mediane Alter lag bei
54 bzw. 55 Jahren (Frauen/Männer). 64,4% der
Rehabilitationen wurden in einer Fachabteilung für Pneumologie
durchgeführt. In den somatischen Indikationen verblieben knapp
50% der Rehabilitandinnen und Rehabilitanden über die
reguläre Bewilligungsdauer hinaus in der Klinik. Häufigste
weitere Diagnosen waren Krankheiten des Atmungssystems. Bei 80,7% wurde
nach Einschätzung der behandelnden Ärzte eine Verbesserung der
mit dem Post-COVID-Syndrom assoziierten Symptome festgestellt. 88,0% der
Rehabilitandinnen und Rehabilitanden waren sozialversicherungspflichtig
beschäftigt. 30,5% hatten eine Beschäftigung im Bereich
Gesundheit, Soziales, Lehre und Erziehung. 63,8% der Betroffenen waren
bei Aufnahme arbeitsunfähig, 63,0% bei Entlassung. Hinsichtlich
des Leistungsvermögens im letzten Beruf bzw. auf dem allgemeinen
Arbeitsmarkt erhielten über 90,0% eine Prognose für
sechs Stunden und mehr.
Schlussfolgerung Die Bedeutung des Post-COVID-Syndroms im Kontext
medizinischer Rehabilitationen hat im Verlauf des Jahres 2021 deutlich
zugenommen. Die Erkrankung verursacht lange Zeiten der
Arbeitsunfähigkeit. Hinsichtlich des Leistungsvermögens ergibt
sich in den vorliegenden Analysen ein positives Bild, lediglich 6,5% der
Rehabilitanden hatte eine Einschätzung des Leistungsvermögens
von unter drei Stunden auf dem allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt.
Trends in Hospital Billing for Mastectomy and Breast Reconstruction Procedures from 2013 to 2020
Authors: Gong Jung Ho , Koh Daniel J. , Sobti Nikhil , Mehrzad Raman , Beqiri Dardan , Maselli Amy , Kwan Daniel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background With greater acceptance of postmastectomy breast reconstruction (PMBR) as a safe and reliable treatment option, the role of plastic surgeons in breast cancer management continues to rise. As Medicare reimbursements for surgical procedures decline, hospitals may increase charges. Excessive markups can negatively affect uninsured and underinsured patients. We aimed to analyze mastectomy and breast reconstruction procedures to gain insights into recent trends in utilization and billing.
Methods We queried the 2013 to 2020 Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data with 14 Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes to collect service count numbers, hospital charges, and reimbursements. We calculated utilization (service counts per million female Medicare enrollees), weighted mean charges and reimbursements, and charge-to-reimbursement ratios (CRRs). We calculated total and annual percentage changes for the included CPT codes.
Results Among the 14 CPT codes, 12 CPT codes (85.7%) with nonzero service counts were included. Utilization of mastectomy and breast reconstruction procedures decreased from 1,889 to 1,288 (−31.8%) procedures per million female Medicare beneficiaries from 2013 to 2020. While the utilization of immediate implant placements (CPT 19340) increased by 36.2%, the utilization of delayed implant placements (CPT 19342) decreased by 15.1%. Reimbursements for the included CPT codes changed minimally over time (−2.9%) but charges increased by 28.9%. These changes resulted in CRRs increasing from 3.3 to 4.4 (+33.3%) from 2013 to 2020. Free flap reconstructions (CPT 19364) had the highest CRRs throughout the study period, increasing from 7.0 in 2013 to 10.3 in 2020 (+47.1%).
Conclusions Our analysis of mastectomy and breast reconstruction procedures billed to Medicare Part B from 2013 to 2020 showed increasingly excessive procedural charges. Rises in hospital charges and CRRs may limit uninsured and underinsured patients from accessing necessary care for breast cancer management. Legislations that monitor hospital markups for PMBR procedures may be considered by policymakers.
Unraveling Epigenetic Interplay between Inflammation, Thrombosis, and Immune-Related Disorders through a Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Chanchal Shankar , Sharma Swati , Mohd Syed , Sultan Armiya , Mishra Aastha , Ashraf Mohammad Zahid 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInflammation and thrombosis are two distinct yet interdependent physiological processes. The inflammation results in the activation of the coagulation system that directs the immune system and its activation, resulting in the initiation of the pathophysiology of thrombosis, a process termed immune-thrombosis. Still, the shared underlying molecular mechanism related to the immune system and coagulation has not yet been explored extensively. Inspired to answer this, we carried out a comprehensive gene expression meta-analysis using publicly available datasets of four diseases, including venous thrombosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. A total of 609 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by all four datasets were identified based on the combined effect size approach. The pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs showed enrichment of various epigenetic pathways such as histone-modifying enzymes, posttranslational protein modification, chromatin organization, chromatin-modifying enzymes, HATs acetylate proteins. Network-based protein–protein interaction analysis showed epigenetic enzyme coding genes dominating among the top hub genes. The miRNA-interacting partner of the top 10 hub genes was determined. The predomination of epitranscriptomics regulation opens a layout for the meta-analysis of miRNA datasets of the same four diseases. We identified 30 DEmiRs shared by these diseases. There were 9 common DEmiRs selected from the list of miRNA-interacting partners of top 10 hub genes and shared significant DEmiRs from microRNAs dataset acquisition. These common DEmiRs were found to regulate genes involved in epigenetic modulation and indicate a promising epigenetic aspect that needs to be explored for future molecular studies in the context of immunothrombosis and inflammatory disease.
Recent Advances on the Synthesis of C-Glycosides from 1,2-Glycals
Authors: Mukherjee Debaraj , Kundu Taraknath , Das Ramanand , Das Malati 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe development of stereoselective synthetic routes for C-glycosides has attracted immense attention from carbohydrate chemists over the last two decades. In this short review, progress made over the last decade towards the synthesis of C-glycosides using glycals as precursors is discussed. Glycals have been extensively manipulated to generate oxocarbenium cations or glycosyl anions for the formation of C–C bonds at the anomeric position through attack of C-nucleophiles or via transition-metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. Recent reports on carbon-Ferrier, intramolecular Cope, and Claisen rearrangements, along with various coupling reactions in the presence or absence of directing groups are evaluated herein. Contemporary applications of these reactions in the syntheses of natural products, drugs and scaffolds with bioactive potential are briefly discussed.1	Introduction2	Rearrangement Reactions2.1	Carbon-Ferrier Rearrangement2.2	Other Rearrangement Reactions3	C1 Coupling4	Annulations5	Addition Reactions6	Natural Product Synthesis7	Conclusion
The Natural History and Treatment of Meningiomas: An Update
Authors: Nyalundja Arsene Daniel , Mugisha Fabrice , Karekezi Claire 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMeningiomas are the most frequent nonmalignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite their benign nature and slow-growing pattern, if not diagnosed early, these tumors may reach relatively large sizes causing significant morbidity and mortality. Some variants are located in hard-to-access locations, compressing critical neurovascular structures, and making the surgical management even more challenging. Although most meningiomas have a good long-term prognosis after treatment, there are still controversies over their management in a subset of cases. While surgery is the first-line treatment, the use of fractionated radiotherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery is indicated for residual or recurrent tumors, small lesions, and tumors in challenging locations. Advances in molecular genetics and ongoing clinical trial results have recently helped both to refine the diagnosis and provide hope for effective biomolecular target-based medications for treatment. This article reviews the natural history and current therapeutic options for CNS meningiomas.
Ergonomics of Ophthalmic Surgery: Evaluating the Effect of a Posture Trainer on Trainee Intraoperative Back Posture
Authors: Markatia Zahra , Al-Khersan Hasenin , Kalavar Meghana , Watane Arjun , Yannuzzi Nicolas , Sridhar Jayanth 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurpose Ophthalmic surgeons are at an increased risk for musculoskeletal disorders resulting from ophthalmology-specific routines and equipment, which have become widely associated with poor posture. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect that a commercially available posture trainer, Upright Go, can have on the improvement of posture of ophthalmic surgeons.Methods Eight ophthalmologists-in-training were studied over a period of 4 weeks during their surgical rotations between September 2020 and June 2021. Participants underwent an “observation” period, followed by a 2-week “training” period, then a final “testing” period. The percentage of time users spent upright intraoperatively pre- and posttraining was evaluated. Pre- and poststudy surveys were also administered to help measure participant satisfaction and self-reported changes in posture.Results All eight participants demonstrated an increase in the percentage of time spent upright after the training period. Across all participants, the total average percentage spent upright in the observation period was 59.8%, while in the testing period was 87.1%, resulting in an average improvement of 27.3% of time spent in an upright position after the completion of the training period (p < 0.0001). The range of improvement of time spent upright was 16.0 to 46.5%.Conclusion This cohort study utilized the Upright Go device to help determine the effect that its training could have on the improvement of posture in ophthalmic surgeons. The results indicated a significant increase in the average proportion of time spent with upright posture compared after the training period.
An Ophthalmology Virtual Externship during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Study
Authors: Dirani Karim , Tajran Jahan , Tur Komalpreet , Craig Annmarie , Freedman Ryan L. , Uddin Niyaz , Kim Chaesik , Ross Bing X. , Juzych Mark S. , Goyal Anju 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background The evolution of medical school curricula, characterized by truncated preclinical periods and reduced emphasis on ophthalmology, presents formidable obstacles to early exposure for aspiring medical students. The constraints imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic further exacerbated the limitations on opportunities, compelling the implementation of innovative initiatives aimed at augmenting students' ophthalmology education through virtual means.
Purpose This article assesses the impact of an Ophthalmology Virtual Externship (OVE) on medical students' knowledge, interest, confidence, and seeking mentorship in ophthalmology.
Materials and Methods A total of 76 students voluntarily participated in the program. The OVE encompassed four virtual sessions, facilitated by 4th year medical students employing a near-peer mentorship framework. The initiative was tailored for 2nd and 3rd year medical students and was conducted under the supervision of a faculty member. All participating students completed both pre- and postexternship surveys utilizing a 7-point Likert scale to gauge their levels of interest, confidence, and inclination toward mentorship opportunities in the field of ophthalmology. Furthermore, assessments of ophthalmology knowledge were administered prior to and subsequent to the externship participation. The degree of satisfaction derived from the OVE experience was also evaluated.
Results Participation in the OVE significantly elevated confidence in knowledge (p < 0.001) and mentorship interest (p = 0.029). Ophthalmology knowledge test scores also notably improved post-OVE across all participants, irrespective of prior experience (p < 0.001), with the most significant increase observed among 2nd and 3rd year students (p < 0.0001). After OVE participation, 73% of students expressed intent to pursue ophthalmology opportunities, including mentorship or research. The OVE received an average Likert score of 6.35 out of 7 for student satisfaction.
Conclusion The OVE serves as a virtual learning instrument beneficial for 2nd and 3rd year students with a proclivity for ophthalmology, offering a means to circumvent curriculum-related constraints. Moreover, given the decline in formal ophthalmic education, our study contributes to future research assessing the effectiveness of an OVE in addressing ophthalmic knowledge gaps among all medical students.
Probability distribution of dependency distance and dependency type in translational language
Authors: Fan Lu , Jiang Yue 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs a “third code”, translational language attracts considerable attention in linguistics research due to its distinctive features. Adopting the quantitative linguistic approach, the current study examines its features by investigating the mean dependency distance (MDD), as well as the probability distribution of the individual dependency distances (DDs) and distribution of a high-frequency dependency type in translational language. The MDD and the distributions were tested in a self-built corpus which contains parallel and comparable language materials in both Chinese-English and English-Chinese translations. The results show that: (1) compared with source texts and native texts, translated texts in both translation directions yield an MDD in between; (2) both the distribution of DDs and that of the dependency type nsubj follow the Zipf-Alekseev distribution in translated texts, as in source texts and native texts; (3) the in-between feature is further confirmed by parameters a and b in Chinese-English translation materials when fitting the distribution of DDs to Zipf-Alekseev distribution; (4) translational texts in both directions show higher a and lower b than their source and native texts when fitting the DD Distribution of dependency type nsubj to Zipf-Alekseev distribution. These findings suggest that, on the one hand, dependency distance minimization (DDM) occurs in translational language, which is consistent with native language and reflects a general tendency of natural languages to reduce cognitive load; on the other hand, translational language presents distinctive feature in nsubj type, but in most cases, it is subject to the gravitational pull of both source and target language systems, exhibiting a “compromise” feature in between. The current study highlights the contribution of syntactic quantitative methods to deeper understanding of the complexity of translational language and its cognitive underpinnings.
Unveiling the origins of quasi-phase matching spectral imperfections in thin-film lithium niobate frequency doublers
Authors: Zhao Jie , Li Xiaoting , Hu Ting-Chen , Sayem Ayed Al , Li Haochuan , Tate Alaric , Kim Kwangwoong , Kopf Rose , Sanjari Pouria , Earnshaw Mark , Fontaine Nicolas K. , Wang Cheng , Blanco-Redondo Andrea 
Published: December 2023

Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) based frequency doublers have widely been recognized as an essential component for both classical and quantum optical communications. Nonetheless, the efficiency (unit: %/W) of these devices is hindered by imperfections present in the quasi-phase matching (QPM) spectrum. In this report, we present a thorough experimental study of spectral imperfections in TFLN frequency doublers with varying lengths, ranging from 5 to 15 mm. A non-destructive diagnostic method based on scattered light imaging is proposed and employed to identify the waveguide sections and primary waveguide parameters contributing to the imperfections in the QPM spectrum. By applying this method, we obtain the evolution of the QPM spectrum along the waveguide’s length. Correlating this information with the measurements of the relevant geometric parameters along the waveguides suggests that the TFLN film thickness variation is the primary source for the measured spectral distortions. Furthermore, we numerically reproduce the QPM spectra with the mapped TFLN film thickness across the entire waveguiding regions. These findings align with and complement the simulation results from previous numerical studies, providing further evidence of the effectiveness of the developed diagnostic method. This comprehensive investigation offers valuable insights into the identification and mitigation of spectral imperfections in TFLN-based frequency doublers, paving the way for the realization of nonlinear optical devices with enhanced efficiency and improved spectral fidelity.
Design of a 0.15–2 GHz high-resolution vector-sum broadband phase shifter with controlled programmable attenuators for stochastic cooling system
Authors: Ma Liyao , Zhu Guangyu , Wu Junxia , Yin Jia , Wei Yuan , He Peilin , Wang Yongheng , Qiu Zishuai , Yang Jiancheng 
Published: December 2023

In this paper, a new 0.15–2 GHz broadband phase shifter with 9-bit phase resolution is presented. This broadband digital adjustable phase shifter is implemented by utilizing the signal vector summation technology. The phase shifter consists of one 90° hybrid coupler, two digital attenuators, two 180° hybrid couplers, two microwave switches, and one combiner. By adjusting the attenuation value of the two digital attenuators, the device creates a minimum 0.7° stepped phase shift. In addition, by switching the two microwave switches, a 360° range of phase shift is achieved while almost keeping the amplitude of the phase shifter constant. The measurement results show that the proposed phase shifter achieves a phase resolution of 0.7° while exhibiting an average insertion loss of 9 ± 2 dB and phase unbalance within ±10°. The calculated RMS phase error of the broadband phase shifter is below 5° from 0.15 to 2 GHz.
High-accuracy DMBE potential energy surface for CNO(A′′4) and the rate coefficients for the C + NO reaction in the A′2, A′′2, and A′′4 states
Authors: Alves Márcio O. , Mota Vinícius C. , Braga João P. , Varandas António J. C. , Guo Hua , Galvão Breno R. L. 
Published: December 2023

An accurate potential energy surface (PES) for the lowest lying A′′4 state of the CNO system is presented based on explicitly correlated multi-reference configuration interaction calculations with quadruple zeta basis set (MRCI-F12/cc-pVQZ-F12). The ab initio energies are fitted using the double many-body expansion method, thus incorporating long-range energy terms that can accurately describe the electrostatic and dispersion interactions with physically motivated decaying functions. Together with the previously fitted lowest A′2 and A′′2 states using the same theoretical framework, this constitutes a new set of PESs that are suitable to predict rate coefficients for all atom–diatom reactions of the CNO system. We use this set of PESs to calculate thermal rate coefficients for the C(P3) + NO(Π2) reaction and compare the temperature dependence and product branching ratios with experimental results. The comparison between theory and experiment is shown to be improved over previous theoretical studies. We highlight the importance of the long-range interactions for low-temperature rate coefficients.
Nonorthogonal coding in spectrally-entangled photons
Authors: Tsai N-Y , Jen H H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Controlling and engineering continuous spectral modes of entangled photons represents one of the promising approaches toward secure quantum communications. By using the telecom bandwidth generated from a cascade-emitted biphoton in atomic ensembles, a fiber-based long-distance quantum communication can be feasible owing to its low transmission loss. With multiplexed photon pairs, we propose to implement a nonorthogonal coding scheme in their spectral modes and present an architecture of multiple channels enabling a high-capacity transfer of codewords. Using the measures of the second-order correlations and associated visibility and contrast, we further quantify the performance of the proposed nonorthogonal coding scheme. Our results demonstrate the capability to encode and decode quantum information beyond the orthogonal coding scheme, and in particular, the multi-channel setup manifests a resilience and an advantage in a design with multiple channel errors. The proposed scheme here can be applicable to a large-scale and multiuser quantum communication and pave the way toward an efficient and functional quantum information processing.
Emerging half metal electrides in manganese oxyarsenide hydrides LaMnAsO 1−x
H
x
Authors: Tang HuaiBao , Zuo XueQing , Yang Qun , Li Guang , Liu DaYong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the paper, we report that the hydrides LaMnAsO

1
−
x

H
x
can serve as a switchable half-metal electride which combines the dual properties of half metals and electrides. Using density functional theory calculations, it is found that this hydride compounds exhibit a novel magnetic structure in which magnetic electrides arising from the excess electrons induced by the H dopants coexist with local-moment antiferromagnetism of the Mn spin lattice. While the reported sizable negative magnetoresistance and ferromagnetism are merely contributed by the spin polarization of excess electrons, this material mimics the behavior of a switchable half-metal electride because the completely spin polarization of excess electrons is easily achieved by controlling the concentration of conductive electrons or H dopants. These effects look very promising for continuing the rapid pace of spintronics application.