bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for de novo synthesis of cytokines and chemokines in platelet concentrates
Authors: Hartwig D. , Härtel C. , Hennig H. , Müller‐Steinhardt M. , Schlenke P. , Klüter H. 
Published: March 2003

Background and Objectives Inflammatory cytokines in platelet concentrates (PC) may cause side‐effects such as febrile non‐haemolytic transfusion reactions. The maximum white blood cell (WBC) content tolerable to avoid the accumulation of cytokines, and whether these cytokines originate from degranulating leucocytes or de novo synthesis during storage, had not been investigated prior to this study.Material and Methods We investigated the secretion of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐8, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and quantified the appropriate expression of corresponding mRNA in PC with regard to different levels of WBC contamination and storage times. In addition we tested the viability of WBCs during PC storage (by staining with 7‐aminoactinomycin D) and their ability to perform de novo cytokine synthesis (by using superantigen stimulation).Results We detected a statistically significant increase of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF‐α in PC with ≥ 108 WBCs. Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) showed increasing mRNA expression of the respective cytokines depending on the number of WBC present. On day 5 of storage, WBC viability was > 80% and the leucocytes were still able to produce cytokines de novo.Conclusions These data show clear evidence for de novo synthesis of cytokines in PC. The cytokine pattern supports the hypothesis that activated monocytes are responsible for this cytokine synthesis. PC with a WBC contamination of ≥ 108 contain inflammatory mediators in clinically relevant concentrations.
Phenotype prediction by DNA‐based typing of clinically significant blood group systems in Jordanian blood donors
Authors: Irshaid N. M. , Ramadan S. , Wester E. S. , Olausson P. , Hellberg Å. , Merza J. Y. , Olsson M. L. 
Published: March 2003

Background and Objectives During the past 10 years several DNA‐typing methods have been developed to complement routine serological typing for determination of polymorphisms in the ABO, RH, KEL, JK and FY blood group genes. However, the molecular basis of blood groups can differ widely between ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was to evaluate selected DNA‐based methods for phenotype prediction in a population not previously investigated.Materials and Methods Blood samples from a random sample of Jordanian blood donors were collected and red cells isolated from these blood samples were phenotyped for common ABO (n = 150) and KEL/FY/JK (n = 90) antigens. RHD‐negative and ‐positive donors were selected for RH typing (n = 120 and 30, respectively). DNA was prepared and blood group genotyping performed according to selected methods in current use. Discordant samples required further investigation by extended serology and DNA sequencing.Results The degree of concordance between phenotype and genotype was high, but some exceptions were noted. Two of 14 A2/A2B samples lacked all mutations associated with known A2 alleles of the ABO system. RH typing revealed four samples with the c(cyt48) marker, causing false‐positive RHC typing. A single D‐negative sample was positive for D‐specific exon 10 markers. The RHD pseudogene was not found in the 150 donors tested. Nine samples revealed discrepancies that were associated with unknown silent or weakly expressing Fyb‐like alleles.Conclusions With the exception of the FY system, we conclude that the molecular background of the clinically important blood group antigens studied here is similar to that reported for Caucasoids.
Electrocardiographic findings in miniature schnauzers with syncope
Authors: Jochman‐Edwards Carolyn M. , Tilley Larry P. , Lichtenberger Marla , Smith Francis W. K. , Kirby Rebecca 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to examine a population of miniature schnauzers exhibiting syncope as their primary presenting complaint and to correlate their electrocardiographic (ECG) findings with the criteria for the diagnosis of sick sinus syndrome (SSS) reported in the human and veterinary literature.Design: Retrospective study.Patients: Case records of 31 miniature schnauzers with syncope during the period 1996–2000 were reviewed.Measurements and results: This study supported two previous studies finding that females were more predisposed to ECG abnormalities associated with SSS than males. It was also noted that females were slightly older (10.1 years) when compared to males (8.9 years) at the time of diagnosis. A heart murmur was present in 61% of the dogs and this was most likely secondary to mitral valve endocardiosis and regurgitation. The primary rhythm disturbance seen was sinus arrest/sinoatrial block in 48.5% of the cases; sinus bradycardia was the second most common arrhythmia noted.Conclusion: In miniature schnauzers with syncope, SSS should be considered as a primary etiology if abnormal ECG findings are noted.
Cardiovascular effects of desflurane following acute hemorrhage in dogs
Authors: Santos Paulo S.P. , Andrade James N.B.M. , Selmi André L. , Costa Jorge L.O. , Faleiros Rafael R. , Nunes Newton 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective: To determine the cardiovascular effects of desflurane in dogs following acute hemorrhage.Design: Experimental study.Animals: Eight mix breed dogs.Interventions: Hemorrhage was induced by withdrawal of blood until mean arterial pressure (MAP) dropped to 60 mmHg in conscious dogs. Blood pressure was maintained at 60 mmHg for 1 hour by further removal or replacement of blood. Desflurane was delivered by facemask until endotracheal intubation could be performed and a desflurane expiratory end‐tidal concentration of 10.5 V% was maintained.Measurements and main results: Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure (SAP, DAP and MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2), and arterial pH were recorded before and 60 minutes after hemorrhage, and 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after intubation. Sixty minutes after hemorrhage, SAP, DAP, MAP, CVP, CO, CI, SV, PaCO2, and arterial pH decreased, and HR and RR increased when compared with baselines values. Immediately after intubation, MAP and arterial pH decreased, and PaCO2 increased. Fifteen minutes after intubation SAP, DAP, MAP, arterial pH, and SVR decreased. At 30 and 45 minutes, MAP and DAP remained decreased and PaCO2 increased, compared with values measured after hemorrhage. Arterial pH increased after 30 minutes of desflurane administration compared with values measured 5 minutes after intubation.Conclusions: Desflurane induced significant changes in blood pressure and arterial pH when administered to dogs following acute hemorrhage.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts
Authors: Chon S.‐U. , Kim J.‐D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAutotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l−1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10−3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.
Evaluation of Annual Medicago for Upper Midwest Agroecosystems
Authors: De Haan R L. , Sheaffer C. C. , Samac D. A. , Moynihan J. M. , Barnes D. K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAnnual Medicago species (medics) have characteristics that may make them a valuable addition to agricultural systems in the Upper Midwest, USA, but few genotypes have been evaluated. The objective of this research was to identify medic germplasm exhibiting traits that are desirable for cultivars intended for multiple uses in the region. Australian annual medic cultivars and plant introductions (PI) representing seven species were evaluated for Phytophthora root rot (Phytophthora medicaginis Hansen et Maxwell) resistance, shade tolerance, growth habit, dry matter accumulation, maturity after 9–10 weeks of growth, and potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae Harris) yellowing. Medicago polymorpha L. plant introductions PI 197346, PI 459135, and PI 283653 were resistant to Phytophthora root rot. Kelson [Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill.] and PI 419241 [Medicago tornata (L.) Mill.] were tolerant of shade, while M. polymorpha entries Santiago and SA 9032 were intolerant. In growth habit comparisons, PI 419241 and PI 368939 (M. polymorpha) grew less than 11 cm tall, while Kelson and SA 5762 (M. polymorpha) grew at least 27 cm tall. Dry matter production 10–12 weeks after emergence was greatest for PI 197339 (M. polymorpha) and Kelson. At that time, the earliest maturing entries, PI 226517 (M. polymorpha) and Sava (M. scutellata), had begun to senesce, while the latest maturing entry (PI 419241) was still vegetative. Paraponto (Medicago rugosa Desr.) was highly resistant to potato leafhopper yellowing. None of the medic entries evaluated combined all of the desirable traits for Upper Midwest cultivars, but the traits were all present within available germplasms. Plant breeders could develop adapted cultivars by combining favourable traits from several medic genotypes.
Recovery of 15N‐Labelled Urea Applied to Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Ethiopian Highlands as Affected by P Fertilization
Authors: Gorfu A. , Kühne R. F. , Tanner D. G. , Vlek P. L. G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSoil degradation and depletion of soil nutrients are among the major factors threatening sustainable cereal production in the Ethiopian highlands. Fertilizer use as a means of mitigating nutrient depletion has become widely accepted. The fate of fertilizer nitrogen (N) applied to a semidwarf bread wheat system was determined in microplots receiving 41 kg N ha−1 in the form of urea labelled with 5.617 % atom excess 15N, without and with the application of phosphorus (P) at 20 kg P ha−1. The study was conducted in three different agro‐ecological zones at 2200, 2400 and 2800 m above sea level (masl) (Kulumsa, Asasa and Bekoji, respectively) in the south‐eastern Ethiopian highlands. Yield and yield response to N diminished with elevation, while the response to P increased with elevation, with a significant increase in wheat grain yield observed at Bekoji (2800 masl). N harvest index and N use efficiency improved in response to P application at Asasa (2400 masl). Crop removal accounted for 25–64 and 36–64 % of the applied N without and with P, respectively. The corresponding fractions of 15N recovered in the soil ranged from 2.9 to 3.5 % and from 3.2 to 3.7 %, respectively. Recoveries of applied 15N were 67 and 52 % at Kulumsa and Asasa, but only 25 % at the highest elevation site, Bekoji. Fertilizer P significantly enhanced N recovery at Asasa (60 %) and Bekoji (36 %), but not at Kulumsa, where the soil had a high level of residual P from previous applications. The fraction of 15N recovered in the soil–plant system was rather low at Bekoji. However, the rate of 15N recovery was significantly improved (by 37 %) when fertilizer P was added to the soil. Across all locations, the unaccounted 15N may have been lost primarily through denitrification and volatilization.
Heterosis, sex and breed differences in the fatty acid composition of muscle phospholipids in beef cattle
Authors: Malau‐Aduli A. E. O. , Siebert B. D. , Bottema C. D. K. , Pitchford W. S. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryLongissimus dorsi muscle tissue was biopsied between the 12th and 13th ribs of 96 purebred Jersey, purebred Limousin and Jersey × Limousin crossbred calves at the age of 9–10 months. Fatty acids of the phospholipid fraction were extracted and analysed for sex and breed differences. Heterosis, additive and maternal variances were estimated. All calves grazed pasture in a single management group and were biopsied from the same anatomical site. Steer calves had significantly higher proportions of the 14 : 0, 14 : 1, 18 : 2, 20 : 3 fatty acids and less of the 16‐di‐methyl‐acetal than heifer calves. Significant breed differences were observed: Limousin calves had the highest proportions of 16 : 0, 24 : 0 and saturated fatty acids (SFA), whereas Jersey×Limousin calves had the most 18 : 0 and elongation index. Dominant effects were evident in the proportions of 16 : 0, 18 : 0, SFA and elongation index. Additive genetic effects were significant in the proportions of 16 : 0, 18 : 0, 18 : 1n‐9, total SFA and desaturation and elongation indices. Combined maternal and additive effects were significant for long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids 18 : 2, 20 : 3 and 20 : 4.
Breed differences and heterosis in triacylglycerol fatty acid composition of bovine adipose tissue
Authors: Malau‐Aduli A. E. O. , Edriss M. A. , Siebert B. D. , Bottema C. D. K. , Pitchford W. S. 
Published: March 2003

SummarySubcutaneous adipose tissues were biopsied in purebred Jersey (n=17), purebred Limousin (n=17) and reciprocal F1 Jersey × Limousin crossbred (n=33) calves at the age of 9–10 months. Triacylglycerol fatty acids were extracted and analysed for sex and breed differences. Heterosis, additive and maternal variances were estimated. All calves were pasture‐fed in a single management group and biopsied from the same anatomical site. Heifer calves had significantly higher proportions of palmitoleate, total mono‐unsaturated fatty acids, desaturation index and lower stearate than steer calves. Significant breed differences were observed in that Limousin calves had the highest proportions of palmitate and total saturated fatty acids, whereas Jersey calves had the most palmitoleate and desaturation index. Dominance effects were evident in the proportions of palmitate, stearate, desaturation and elongation enzyme indices due to the observed highly significant heterosis effect. Myristate, palmitate and total saturated fatty acids were considered heritable due to the observed highly significant additive genetic effect.
Investigations on the effect of maternal dietary riboflavin supplementation during gravidity and lactation on riboflavin concentrations in blood, liver, and total body of rat offspring
Authors: Roth‐Maier D. A. , Kettler S. I. , Hirschvogl G. , Kirchgessner M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe present study investigated the effect of various maternal dietary riboflavin supplementations during gravidity and lactation on riboflavin concentrations in blood, liver, and total body of their offspring. Therefore, two experiments with a total of 154 female rats were conducted. In the first experiment the animals received a semisynthetic diet (basal riboflavin concentration of 0.9 mg/kg diet) with various riboflavin supplementations during lactation (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 40, 400, 4000 mg riboflavin/kg diet). In the second experiment, during gravidity, the rats were fed supplements of 1 or 20 mg riboflavin/kg diet. After parturition each group was divided into three subgroups that received 1, 5 or 20 mg riboflavin/kg with their feed during the following lactation. Both investigations continued until the 14th day of the lactation period just before the pups would start to eat the diets. The total body weights of the offspring in the first experiment only showed an effect of the riboflavin supplementation during lactation in the riboflavin‐deficient group (supplementation of 0 mg/kg diet). Regarding the second experiment, the total body and liver weights of the offspring on the 14th day of lactation were not significantly influenced by the various maternal riboflavin supplements during gravidity and lactation. The data of the first experiment clearly show that there exists a slight dose‐response relationship between the maternal dietary riboflavin supplementation during lactation and the riboflavin concentration in the blood and total body of the offspring. However, a riboflavin supplementation over 8 mg/kg diet led to a saturation of the riboflavin concentration in the body. Also, a dietary supplementation above 2 mg riboflavin/kg diet had no influence on the liver riboflavin concentration. The second investigation showed that the riboflavin concentration in all samples was influenced predominantly by the maternal riboflavin supply during lactation. The riboflavin supply during gravidity had no or only a very slight effect on the riboflavin concentrations in blood, liver, and total body of the offspring. In conclusion, these results indicate the necessity of a sufficient maternal dietary riboflavin supply (8–9 mg/kg diet) during lactation in regard to the health of their offspring and that a high riboflavin supply during gravidity cannot compensate for a deficient supply during lactation.
Energy and protein metabolism in pregnant sows fed two levels of dietary protein
Authors: Theil P. K. , Jørgensen H. , Jakobsen K. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe present study was performed to quantify the energy and nutrient metabolism of pregnant sows fed high (HP) or low (LP) dietary protein [18.3 vs. 13.5% of dry matter (DM)]. A total of nine sows (four on HP and five on LP diet) were subjected to balance and respiration trials four times during their second pregnancy (approximately on days 30, 61, 80 and 104 of gestation). The digestibility of protein (83.0 vs. 79.9) (p < 0.01) and energy (84.9 vs. 83.7%) (p < 0.05) was higher for the HP diet. Daily intake of metabolizable energy (ME) and retained energy (RE) were similar for the two groups, with an average of 28.37 MJ ME and 3.94 MJ RE, respectively. Heat production (HE) measured according to the respiratory quotient (RQ) and carbon–nitrogen (CN) method was similar (464 vs. 454 kJ/kg0.75/day, respectively). Sows fed HP retained more energy in protein (3.33 vs. 2.00 MJ/day) (p < 0.001) and tended to retain less energy in fat (1.59 vs. 2.50 MJ/day) than LP sows. Retained nitrogen (N) (22.3 vs. 13.4 g/day) (p < 0.001) and utilization of N (retained/digested) (45.2 vs. 38.1%) was higher for HP sows compared with LP sows. In late pregnancy, retained N, retained fat, HE and oxidation of carbohydrates increased, while oxidation of fat was reduced to zero. In conclusion, both diets provided adequate N for retention in maternal tissue and conception products. In spite of the lower utilization of N in LP sows, the N excretion was depressed by 5.6 g/day compared with HP sows, because of the lower N intake.
Species‐specific PCR Assays for the Fungal Pathogens Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium subglutinans and their Application to Diagnose Maize Ear Rot Disease
Authors: Möller E. M. , Chełkowski J. , Geiger H. H. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon (syn. F. verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg) and F. subglutinans (Wollenweber & Reinking) Nelson Toussoun & Marasas comb. nov., two anamorphs of the so‐called‘Gibberella fujikuroi species complex', are important maize pathogens. Together with F. proliferatum, F. culmorum, and F. graminearum (teleomorph: Gibberella zeae) they are involved in the stalk rot and ear rot disease of maize. All species produce secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) which are a potential health hazard for humans and animals that consume maize and maize products frequently. In this study the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for an easy and sensitive identification of G. fujikuroi anamorphs in maize kernels are described. The primer pairs are based on sequences of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments and are specific for F. moniliforme and F. subglutinans respectively. The PCR assays are independent of the high phenotypic variability of traits which may complicate classification by morphological characters. They detect approximately 100 to 200 fungal genomes in the presence of an excess of maize DNA. For the analysis of infected maize kernels a rapid and easy DNA extraction was used which does not introduce inhibitory substances into the PCR. Hence the assays enable an early identification and detection of the two pathogens in host tissue by plant breeders and plant health inspection services. The assays were successfully applied to identify field isolates from Poland and to detect the pathogens in maize ears of various hybrids in Germany.
Identification of Indian Landraces of Opium Poppy Papaver somniferum Resistant to Damping‐off and Downy Mildew Fungal Diseases
Authors: Bajpai S. , Gupta M. M. , Kumar S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA set of 32 landraces (traditional local cultivars) of poppy Papaver somniferum originating in the Indian states of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Tamilnadu, and four Indian commercial varieties were screened over four cropping seasons for their reaction to downy mildew disease caused by Peronospora arborescens and damping‐off disease caused by Pythium dissotocum under both field and artificial inoculation conditions. The landrace 1018 was found to be resistant to damping‐off disease and the landraces 1014 and N3 were resistant to downy mildew disease. A yield trial conducted over two seasons showed that the damping‐off disease‐resistant landrace 1018 was superior to all the commercial varieties in seed, morphine and/or codeine yield. The experiments provided further evidence that there is considerable genetic variability between the landraces.
Seedborne Pathogenic Fungi that Affect Seedling Quality of Red Angico (Anadenanthera macrocarpa) Trees in Brazil
Authors: Dhingra O. D. , Maia C. B. , Lustosa D. C. , Mesquita J. B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractInternal and external seedborne fungal pathogens of Anadenanthera macrocarpa reduced seedling emergence and the quality of seedlings grown from contaminated seeds. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium lateritium, F. semitectum, Pestalotiopsis sp. and Phomopsis dalbergiae were the only fungi consistently isolated from seed samples collected from afforestation companies, university forestry departments and a Forest Reserve Park. Their frequency was much lower in surface disinfested than in untreated seeds. The temporal dynamics of the pericarp and seed infection on trees used for seed harvest in the Forest Reserve Park showed that colonization by these fungi starts soon after pod and seed formation, and continues to increase to pod maturity. Although the maximum proportion of infected seeds occurred at full maturity, their proportion was also high at physiological maturity. The high external seed infestation appears to occur during on‐floor sun drying of the pods and separation of pericarps from seeds by broom sweeping. All five fungi were highly pathogenic to seeds and seedlings, causing seed rot, root rot and reduced height and thriftiness of surviving seedlings. Our results explain the heavy losses suffered by nurserymen due to low quality seedlings. This is the first report of the occurrence of these fungi on this host causing economical losses.