bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micronutrient status in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ababneh Mutasem , Al Ayed Mousab Y. , Robert Asirvatham A. , Amer Maysa , Al Rashidi Raeed A. , Al Mansour Faisal , Al Saeed Abdulghani , Al Dawish Mohamed A. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Patients with diabetes are at risk for developing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). It is recognized that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is distinguished by the loss of vitally important micronutrients because of the metabolic nature of this disease and its associated complexities.

Objective:
This study was performed to determine the level of micronutrients in patients with DFUs in Saudi Arabia. From February to May 2022, this descriptive study was conducted, adopting the cross-sectional design and a group of 88 patients with T2D.

Materials and Methods:
Applying the convenience sampling method, this study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data collection was conducted through a standard questionnaire, and details regarding the demographic variables and micronutrient deficiency were collected.

Results:
Among the nutritional deficiencies identified, the one with the highest frequency was vitamin D, observed in 43.2% of the patient population; after vitamin D, in order of descent, were low ferritin levels (29.5%), B12 (13.6%), and the folic acid deficiency (12.5%). Folic acid showed a statistically significant difference among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) (P = 0.041). Moreover, vitamin B12 showed a significant association among patients who have charcot foot (P = 019) and previous amputation (P = 0.029).

Conclusion:
Vitamin B12 deficiency is significantly associated with patients who had an amputation; having charcot foot and folic acid revealed a vital relationship among patients with DFUs having CVD. Comprehensive research is a pressing need to enable deeper awareness of micronutrient deficiencies in patients with diabetes.
The frequency of unintended pregnancy-associated factors among Iranian women in the poor part of the capital, Tehran
Authors: Zendehdel Mozhgan , Jahanfar Shayesteh 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
Unintended pregnancy is considered one of the critical indicators of community health as being a risk factor in unsanitary abortions, miscarriage, and insufficient prenatal care. This study aimed to determine the frequency of unintended pregnancy and the related factors in married women.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted on 1013 married women aged 15–49 who were referred to health centers in the South of Tehran. To analyze the data, single and multiple logistic regressions were used.

Results:
About 50% of participants had already experienced at least one unintended pregnancy. Analysis showed the following predictive factors for unintended pregnancy: being within the age range of 26 to 40 (AOR, 95% CI = 1.91; 1.25–2.90), being over 40 years of age (AOR, 95% CI = 1.96; 1.04–3.71), spouse education level of high-school or lower (AOR, 95% CI = 1.64; 1.11–2.42), first marriage age range of 21 to 30 years (AOR, 95% CI = 0.64; 0.47–0.88), use of the DMPA method as contraception (AOR, 95% CI = 3.42; 1.16–10.06), history of tubectomy (AOR, 95% CI = 4.45; 1.99–10) and history of vasectomy (AOR, 95% CI = 4.61; 1.18–17.98).

Conclusions:
Training and distribution of free contraceptive methods would be much more effective and less expensive than paying for costly illegal induction of abortion and unwarranted complications due to abortion.

Implications:
Vulnerable women who are referred to health centers to receive health services should be trained in contraceptive methods and be informed of the probability of unintended pregnancy with each contraceptive method and the consequences of self-induced abortion.
Antenatal factors and risk of postpartum hyperglycemia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A central India prospective cohort study
Authors: Bagde Nilajkumar , Bagde Madhuri , Shanbhag Vijayalakshmi , Trigunait Pragati , Sheikh Nagma , Agrawal Sarita 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Global prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) ranges from <1% to 28%. Risk of postpartum diabetes (PPDM) is 7 times higher in women with GDM. We aimed to identify antenatal risk factors associated with postpartum hyperglycemia so that these women may be subjected to targeted screening in a low resource setting.

Methods:
Screening for GDM was done with a 75gram GTT using IADPSG criteria in women between 28-29 weeks and post-partum screening for hyperglycemia was done using 75 gm 2hour OGTT.

Results:
Mixed effect linear regression model to assess PPDM as outcome against age, pre pregnancy weight, baby weight at birth, HbA1C and postpartum BMI as predictors was significant at overall level (p=0.00). HbA1C (p =0.00) and pre pregnancy weight (p=0.001) were significant at individual level. Same model for postpartum prediabetes was significant at overall level and assumed significance for pre pregnancy weight (p=0.00), baby birth weight (p= 0.001), postpartum BMI (p=0.00) and HbA1C (p= 0.05) at individual level. The same model for postpartum abnormal sugars (PPDM or prediabetes) was significant at overall level (p = 0.00).

Conclusion:
Women with GDM represent a vulnerable population that is likely to develop a chronic metabolic disease at a young age exposing them to morbidity associated with unrecognized untreated hyperglycemia. Easily detectable clinical and biochemical antenatal risk factors may help identify women eligible for targeted screening for early diagnosis and treatment as well as use of preventive interventions against type2 diabetes after GDM
Exploring pH levels and environmental impacts on handwash products in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alsalhi Abdulaziz , Alzamil Lama , Alekrish Khalid , Alhaqbani Renad , AlKanaan Renad , Al-Mohaimeed Amal M. , Almohawis Nada , Alsalhi Hamad , Al-salhy Abdulmalik , Alsalhi Abdullah , Mitwalli Hadeel 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The human skin, with a pH of 4 to 6, serves as a barrier against external pathogens. Alkaline handwash products (HWPs) can compromise this barrier and are widely used following the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aims to determine the pH of a sample of HWPs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and assess the effect of environmental factors on their pH.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study carried out in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study involved a convenience sample of 33 liquid soaps, soap bars, and synthetic detergents (Syndets) from various brands. The pH of the handwash products was measured using laboratory-validated techniques. Data analysis was conducted using RStudio 2022 software.

Results:
Of the HWPs, 16 (48.5%) had a highly alkaline pH (≥10), while 14 (42.4%) had an acidic pH (4.0-6.9). Most liquid soaps were acidic (84.6%), with a mean pH of 5.9, whereas soap bars had a mean pH of 10.3. Syndets had a mean pH of 6.0.

Conclusions:
On average, liquid soaps and syndets offered a more physiological pH than soap bars. Liquid soaps were more affordable than synthetic detergents, making them a better value option among the three types of HWPs. Environmental factors such as exposure to hot weather did not have a significant impact on HWPs.
Perception of women on safety and efficacy of contraceptives: A comparative study
Authors: Bhat Anagha , Jain Muskan , Manjunath GN 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Contraceptive information and services are fundamental to the health and human rights of all individuals. Low contraceptive use is a major challenge faced in India. To determine whether a lack of awareness of contraceptive methods was a factor, we assessed the perception of women on contraceptive methods, their safety and efficacy and further determined whether their demographic background played any role in their perception.

Materials and Methods:
Reproductive-aged women from both rural and urban backgrounds of Bangalore and Tumkur, Karnataka, were individually questioned in a community setting using both Google Forms and personal interviews from September 2022 to December 2022. The questions consisted of limited demographic information and specific questions related to the knowledge and beliefs of women on the efficacy and safety of contraceptive methods and assessed situational awareness.

Results:
Although awareness was more amongst urban women (99.1%) compared with rural women (79%), the practice was significantly higher amongst rural women (63.2%) compared with urban women (36.7%). Perception showed variations with respect to age, education, religion and parity. A major religion-wise disparity was observed. With regard to safety, oral contraceptive pills (60.9%) and condoms (51.8%) were unanimously perceived to be the most and least harmful to health. The most commonly perceived short-term complications were found to be body changes, and mood swings, tiredness and infertility with no data to support the claim were the most commonly chosen long-term complication.

Conclusion:
From the study, we concluded that more educated women were not immune to misinformation. The efficacy rates of different methods were highly underestimated with methods with higher failure rates perceived to be more effective. Results demonstrate that women are ill-informed about the long-term complications of various methods.
Clinico-epidemiological profile and outcome of snakebite patients presented to a teaching institute – A descriptive retrospective review
Authors: Kumar S. Mohan , Shreekrishna H. K. , Singi Yatiraj 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Snakebites are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in India despite availability of anti-snake venom and the absence of a large number of highly venomous snakes. This may be attributed to treatment seeking behaviour of the population. The study aims to find out common clinical features, outcome, and delay in arrival time to the hospital in snakebite cases.

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional retrospective record-based study among the patients presented with a history of snakebites to the Basaveshwara Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chitradurga, conducted from 1 January 2019 to 31 January 2021.

Results:
Out of the 96 patients, the majority of snakebite victims were male and of an age group of 21–30 years. The most common site for snakebite was the lower limb, and about 57.2% of patients had visible fang marks. Among snake species identified, the most common was krait bites, followed by cobra bites. Neurotoxic envenomation manifestation and severe presentation were found in almost half (53.1%) of the cases. Almost half of the patients took 1–4 hours to arrive at the health facility. Surprisingly, only 35% cases arrived to the health care facility within an hour of snakebite. Most of the patients (82%) recovered with the treatment with very minimal fatality/mortality.

Conclusion and Recommendations:
Although half of the patients presented with severe forms, only 35% of the patients arrived within an hour to the health care facility. This indicates the need for an information dissemination system to avoid severe disease as well as to prevent mortality.
Blood lead levels in pregnant women and their newborn infants at an Indian teaching hospital
Authors: Sahu Mahesh C. , Yogeshbhai Mehta R. , Oza Hina , Upadhyay Kuldip , Chanania Kabita , Pati Sanghamitra 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:
With the growth of the world’s economy and industrialization, lead (Pb) contamination in the environment has become a major issue on a global scale. Lead is typically linked to unfavorable pregnancy outcomes such as stillbirth, low birth weight preterm, and spontaneous abortion. In this study, we evaluated the blood lead levels of pregnant women and their birth outcomes attending an Indian tertiary care teaching hospital, those who were not exposed to any lead-associated industry or shops.

Methods:
A descriptive study was undertaken to evaluate blood lead estimation in pregnant women and umbilical blood lead levels in a community hospital. Blood samples from 104 mothers during the 1st trimester, 90 mothers during 3rd trimester, and from the umbilical cord were collected. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect information on demographics, medical history, and concerns linked to pregnancy. Following acid digestion, the levels of lead in whole blood were determined by an atomic absorption spectrometer. The DNA damage in high blood lead-concentrated pregnant women was evaluated by comet assay methods.

Results:
Among 194 blood samples of pregnant women, 31 (15.98%) samples revealed ≥5 μg/dL blood lead levels. High lead concentration (≥5 µg/dL) in 1st trimester pregnant women, end of 3rd trimester and cord blood were detected 20.19%, 11.11% and 1.11% respectively. The mean blood lead levels in 1st trimester, 3rd trimester, and cord blood were 3.88 ± 3.19, 2.66 ± 1.82, and 1.53 ± 1.06 mg/dL, respectively. The blood lead concentrations were significantly higher in the 1st trimester of pregnancy than in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy (P < 0.0017). A positive correlation between maternal and infant blood lead levels was revealed (P < 0.0001). When the comet assay was used to assess the genotoxic consequences of elevated blood lead levels during pregnancy, higher amounts of DNA damage were found in the samples (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
In this descriptive study, there was a significant amount of lead transferred from mother to baby through the placenta. All mothers were not exposed to lead-associated industry and most were housewives. This article may be viewed as an eye-opener for understanding the blood lead concentration during pregnancy to avoid abnormal birth outcomes. To minimize exposure to environmental lead, all possible measures should be undertaken.
Comparison of triglyceride/glucose index and related parameters with Indian Diabetes Risk Score assessment in non-diabetic individuals visiting primary healthcare centre—A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Ramalingam Sivapragasam , Kar Amlan Kumar , Senthil Rajini 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder and has reached epidemic proportions in developing countries like India.

Aims:
Our study aimed to identify relationship between triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and related parameters with Indian diabetes risk score in non-diabetic individuals.

Settings and Design:
An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in community at a primary healthcare centre attached to a medical college for six months from April 2022 to October 2022 after getting approval from institute ethical committee.

Methods and Material:
We conducted a cross-sectional study at a primary healthcare centre attached to the medical college for six months duration with a sample size of 107, aged ≥18 years, which included apparently healthy individuals not diagnosed with any type of diabetes. Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS) scale was calculated along with anthropometric measurements and biochemical laboratory investigations like fasting triglyceride and fasting blood glucose.

Results:
Our study population included 53.3% male and 46.7% female; the mean age of male was 29.70 ± 12.26 and female was 34.28 ± 11.91. The mean TyG index for male and female was 8.48 ± 0.45 and 8.39 ± 0.52, respectively. 52.3% of our study population belonged to high-risk category, and 47.7% belonged to moderate-risk category. We also found positive correlation between TyG index and its related parameters and IDRS score. In linear regression between IDRS and TyG index, we found positive correlation, and in logistic regression showed for every 1 unit rise in age, there was 1.28 times increase in IDRS score (P < 0.001). TyG-WHtR was superior to other TyG-related parameters in identifying high IDRS score (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
TyG index and its related parameters can be used as a predictor in identifying diabetes mellitus along with IDRS score assessment in low-cost clinical settings like primary healthcare centre.
Successful Management of a Polytrauma with Open Complex Pelvic Fracture
Authors: Rajeev P. B. , Jyothiprasanth M. , Savio Albin , Valsan Shery , Jithin C. R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Pelvic fractures frequently result from powerful external forces and carry a high risk of concurrent injuries. In these patients, fatalities are often caused by associated injuries. Pelvic fractures cause substantial morbidity and can lead to long-term impairment in physical functioning, as well as difficulties with daily activities and negative psychological health. Surgical intervention is necessary for treating unstable pelvic fractures, which may involve isolated posterior or combined posterior and anterior fixation utilizing screws and plates to restore anatomical alignment and promote natural healing. A 19-year-old female road traffic accident victim in hemorrhagic shock was hemodynamically stabilized and investigated for associated injuries. She was diagnosed with bilateral sacroiliac joint dislocations, bilateral superior and inferior pubic rami fractures and crescent fracture of the right iliac wing, Grade III liver injury, Grade III splenic infarction and hemoperitoneum, lung contusion, and bilateral hemothorax with multiple rib fractures, fracture of the transverse process of L4 and L5 vertebrae. A secondary survey revealed a right sciatic nerve injury, admitted to intensive care and managed by a multidisciplinary approach. Abdomen and thorax injuries were managed conservatively, and meanwhile, the pelvic fracture was stabilized by a damage control protocol, and definitive surgical intervention includes iliac crest wound debridement and pelvic ring open reduction and internal fixation by the Modified Stoppa approach. Abdomen and chest injuries were managed conservatively. Monthly regular follow-up was the first 6 months, was able to walk and sit comfortably at the end of 4 months, and was able to resume her normal routine work and job at 6 months without any pain and limitation of movements. It is essential to promptly identify and assess the injuries and implement appropriate perioperative management by a multidisciplinary team. Temporary stabilization of fracture followed by the management of associated injuries and delayed definite fixation yields the best result in polytrauma patients with pelvic fracture.
A Case Report on Complex Sacral Fracture Treated by Spinopelvic Fixation
Authors: Anand S. Vijaya , Krishnakumar R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Unstable sacral fractures are mostly associated with spinopelvic instability. This type of fracture occurs following a fall from height or a high-energy mechanism. Roy–Camille’s classification system helps in identifying and treating those fractures. Lumbopelvic fixation or spinopelvic fixation is an option to be considered for treating these unstable fractures. The principle of treating these fractures is to maintain the sacropelvic stability. A 54-year-old male patient presented with a history of falling from a tree from a height of 9–11 feet on his back. On further examination, he was having severe tenderness over the sacral region and dorsal spine region. His power was normal on both lower limbs, with numbness over the base of the scrotum with intact sensation distally. Deep tendon reflexes and plantar reflexes were normal. Radiographs show fracture over D12 (AO A5 – stable incomplete burst fracture) and the sacrum. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were taken to decode the sacral fracture and to assess the neurology and posterior ligament integrity. His sacral fracture was classified by Roy–Camille type 3, U-shaped fracture, and Denis type 2 fracture.
Some examples of noncommutative projective Calabi–Yau schemes
Authors: Mizuno Yuki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this article, we construct some examples of noncommutative projective Calabi–Yau schemes by using noncommutative Segre products and quantum weighted hypersurfaces. We also compare our constructions with commutative Calabi–Yau varieties and examples constructed in Kanazawa (2015, Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 219, 2771–2780). In particular, we show that some of our constructions are essentially new examples of noncommutative projective Calabi–Yau schemes.
Twisted conjugacy in $\mathrm{SL}_{n}$ and $\mathrm{GL}_{n}$ over subrings of $\overline{\mathbb{F_p}}(t)$
Authors: Mitra Oorna , Sankaran Parameswaran 
Published: February 2024

Let

\varphi\colon G\to G

be an automorphism of an infinite group

G

. One has an equivalence relation

\sim_{\varphi}

on

G

defined as

x\sim_{\varphi} y

if there exists a

z\in G

such that

y=zx\varphi(z^{-1})

. The equivalence classes are called

\varphi

-twisted conjugacy classes, and the set

G/{\sim}_{\varphi}

of equivalence classes is denoted by

\mathcal{R}(\varphi)

. The cardinality

R(\varphi)

of

\mathcal{R}(\varphi)

is called the Reidemeister number of

\varphi

. We write

R(\varphi)=\infty

when

\mathcal{R}(\varphi)

is infinite. We say that

G

has the

R_{\infty}

-property if

R(\varphi)=\infty

for every automorphism

\varphi

of

G

. We show that the groups

G=\mathrm{GL}_{n}(R), \mathrm{SL}_{n}(R)

have the

R_{\infty}

-property for all

n\ge 3

when

F[t]\subset R\subsetneq F(t)

, where

F

is a subfield of

\overline{\mathbb{F_p}}

. When

n\ge 4

, we show that any subgroup

H\subset \mathrm{GL}_{n}(R)

that contains

\mathrm{SL}_{n}(R)

also has the

R_{\infty}

-property.