bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of hepatopulmonary syndrome and hyperdynamic state by pentoxifylline in cirrhotic rats
Authors: Sztrymf B. , Rabiller A. , Nunes H. , Savale L. , Lebrec D. , Le Pape A. , de Montpreville V. , Mazmanian M. , Humbert M. , Hervé P. 
Published: April 2004

Inhibition of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), levels of which are increased in the blood of cirrhotic rats, prevents hyperdynamic circulatory state, mainly by decreasing the vascular overproduction of nitric oxide. Hepatopulmonary syndrome, which is characterised by intrapulmonary vascular dilatation and increased alveolar to arterial oxygen tension difference (PA-a,O2), is mainly related to pulmonary overproduction of NO by macrophages accumulated in lung vessels. Since TNF‐α is a potent activator of macrophagic inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the aim of this study was to investigate whether TNF‐α inhibition prevented hepatopulmonary syndrome and hyperdynamic circulatory state in rats with cirrhosis.TNF‐α was inhibited by 5 weeks of pentoxifylline (10 mg·kg body weight−1·day−1) in rats with cirrhosis induced by common bile duct ligation.Cardiac output, pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance,PA-a,O2and cerebral uptake of intravenous technetium‐99m‐labelled albumin macroaggregates (which reflects intrapulmonary vascular dilatation) were similar in sham- and pentoxifylline-treated cirrhotic rats. Blood TNF‐α concentrations and pulmonary intravascular macrophage sequestration, as assessed by morphometric analysis and radioactive colloid uptake, were decreased with pentoxifylline. Pentoxifylline also prevented increases in aorta and lung NOS activities and inducible NOS expression.Thus pentoxifylline prevents development of hyperdynamic circulatory state and hepatopulmonary syndrome, probably by inhibiting the effects of tumour necrosis factor‐α on vascular nitric oxide synthase and intravascular macrophages. These results support an important role for tumour necrosis factor‐α in the genesis of hepatopulmonary syndrome.
Nontuberculous mycobacteria in non‐HIV patients: epidemiology, treatment and response
Authors: Henry M.T. , Inamdar L. , O'Riordain D. , Schweiger M. , Watson J.P. 
Published: April 2004

Recent international guidelines published in 1997 and 1999 have proposed diagnostic and treatment criteria for disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM).In this paper, the epidemiological data, diagnostic criteria, treatment regimens and outcomes from 117 HIV‐negative patients who had a positive culture for NTM between 1995–1999 are reviewed. The authors wished to identify factors associated with improved outcome in these patients.A total of 71 patients were believed to have a clinical disease caused by NTM, as defined by international criteria. A total of 72% patients were found to have had pulmonary disease. There was a rise in infections between 1995–1999, with a peak in infections in 1997. The most striking rise was inMycobacterium aviumintracellulare complex infections (1995: 33% infections; 1996: 36% infections; 1997: 41% infections; 1998: 61% infections; 1999: 57% infections). There was a link between deprivation and number of positive NTM isolates (34.4% isolates occurred in the areas of lowest Carstairs deprivation indexversus20.6% isolates from areas of least deprivation). There was a significant association between appropriate therapy, defined by American Thoracic Society and British Thoracic Society guidelines, and successful outcome (74%) in contrast to those who received inappropriate treatment prior to the publication of these guidelines.Nontuberculous mycobacteria infections remain a significant problem in non‐HIV patients. Adherence to published guidelines may improve patient outcomes.
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Urocortin I Modulate Excitatory Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission
Authors: Liu Jie , Yu Baojian , Neugebauer Volker , Grigoriadis Dimitri E. , Rivier Jean , Vale Wylie W. , Shinnick-Gallagher Patricia , Gallagher Joel P. 
Published: April 2004

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-related peptides serve as hormones and neuromodulators of the stress response and play a role in affective disorders. These peptides are known to alter complex behaviors and neuronal properties, but their receptor-mediated effects at CNS synapses are not well described. Here we show that excitatory glutamatergic transmission is modulated by two endogenous CRF-related peptide ligands, corticotropin-releasing factor [CRF rat/human (r/h)] and Urocortin I (Ucn I), within the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and the lateral septum mediolateral nucleus (LSMLN). These limbic nuclei are reciprocally innervated, are involved in stress and affective disorders, and have high densities of the CRF receptors CRF1and CRF2. Activation of these receptors exerts diametrically opposed actions on glutamatergic transmission in these nuclei. In the CeA, CRF(r/h) depressed excitatory glutamatergic transmission through a CRF1-mediated postsynaptic action, whereas Ucn I facilitated synaptic responses through presynaptic and postsynaptic CRF2-mediated mechanisms. Conversely, in the LSMLN, CRF caused a CRF1-mediated facilitation of glutamatergic transmission via postsynaptic mechanisms, whereas Ucn I depressed EPSCs by postsynaptic and presynaptic CRF2-mediated actions. Furthermore, antagonists of these receptors also affected glutamatergic neurotransmission, indicating that endogenous ligands tonically modulated synoptic activity at these synapses.These data show that CRF receptors in CeA and LSMLN synapses exert and maintain a significant synaptic tone and thereby regulate excitatory glutamatergic transmission. The results also suggest that CRF receptors may provide novel targets in affective disorders and stress.
Einfluss der Gehäusung auf den Entwurf und die Realisierung umweltrobuster, miniaturisierter Drucksensoren (Influence of Housing to Design and Manufacturing of Miniaturised Pressure Sensors for Harsh Environments)
Authors: Sindlinger Stefan , Wohlgemuth Christian , Werthschützky Roland 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Zur Sicherung eines langfristigen Schutzes von piezoresistiven Silizium-Drucksensorelementen vor aggressiven Messmedien gibt es gegenwärtig keine Alternative zu Edelstahlgehäusen mit metallischen Trennmembranen und Koppelmedium. Der Einfluss der einzelnen Sensorbauteile auf das Übertragungsverhalten wird beim kompletten Entwurf des Differenzdrucksensors und der Auswahl der Fertigungstechnologien berücksichtigt. Auf Basis der so optimierten Entwurfsparameter wird die Konstruktion eines Differenzdrucksensors abgeleitet.
Lateral periodicity of elastic domains in MnAs/GaAs(001) epitaxial layers studied by high resolution X-ray diffraction
Authors: Jenichen Bernd , Kaganer Vladimir M. , Herrmann Claudia , Wan Li , Däweritz Lutz , Ploog Klaus H. 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Periodic elastic domains in epitaxial films of MnAs(11̅00)/GaAs(001) are studied near the ferromagnetic phase transition. We obtain the period of the domain structure from the observed the X-ray diffraction satellites arising from the lateral periodicity. The application of the X-ray methods provides a high level of accuracy and gives information about average values over areas of several mm2. The observed periods are in a good agreement with those obtained by calculation and minimization of the elastic energy.
Outcomes in Clinical Subgroups of Patients With Alcohol-Related Hospitalizations
Authors: Friesen Erik L. , Mataruga Andrea , Nickel Nathan , Kurdyak Paul , Bolton James M. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceAlcohol-related hospitalizations are common and associated with significant cost to the health care system. We have a limited understanding of the characteristics of individuals who experience alcohol-related hospitalizations, which limits our capacity to prioritize those at the highest risk of postdischarge harm.ObjectiveTo identify and characterize the clinical subgroups of individuals who are hospitalized for alcohol-related harms.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify clinical subgroups of individuals experiencing alcohol-related hospitalizations in 2 provinces in Canada. All individuals between ages 10 and 105 years who were hospitalized for an alcohol-related harm between January 2017 and December 2018 (ie, the index hospitalization) were eligible. Data were analyzed between June 2023 and August 2023.ExposuresThe exposure of interest was the clinical subgroup that an individual belonged to. These subgroups were identified using an LCA based on (1) the characteristics of the index hospitalization and (2) the history of alcohol-related health service use.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIn-hospital mortality, alcohol-related hospital readmission, and all-cause mortality in the year following discharge from the index hospitalization. The association between subgroup membership and the risk of in-hospital and postdischarge outcomes was evaluated using multivariable regression.ResultsA total of 34 043 individuals were included in analysis, 4753 from Manitoba (median [IQR] age, 49 [40-58] years; 1786 female [37.6%]) and 29 290 from Ontario (median [IQR] age, 57 [45-67] years; 8527 female [29.1%]). Seven subgroups were identified following a gradient from low-frequency service use for acute intoxication to high-frequency service use for severe alcohol use disorder and liver disease. In Ontario, there were 4431 individuals in the liver disease subgroup representing 15.5% of the cohort who were at the highest risk of 1-year mortality (1382 [31.2%]) relative to the acute intoxication subgroup (42 [4.0%]) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 3.83; 95% CI, 2.80-5.24). There was also a small subgroup (10.6%) of individuals with high-frequency alcohol-related health service use who had a much higher hazard of readmission following the index hospitalization (1-year readmission: 703 of 1526 [46.1%] vs 104 of 1058 [9.8%] in the acute intoxication subgroup; aHR, 5.09; 95% CI, 4.11-6.31).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this population-based cohort study of individuals experiencing alcohol-related hospitalizations, we identified several small, clinically distinct subgroups that were at a disproportionately high risk of readmission and mortality. These groups could merit prioritization in strategies aimed at reducing the risk of adverse outcomes following alcohol-related hospitalizations.
Bariatric Surgery and Longitudinal Cancer Risk
Authors: Lim Pei-Wen , Stucky Chee-Chee H. , Wasif Nabil , Etzioni David A. , Harold Kristi L. , Madura James A. , Ven Fong Zhi 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceCancer is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, with the obesity epidemic contributing to its steady increase every year. Recent cohort studies find an association between bariatric surgery and reduced longitudinal cancer risk, but with heterogeneous findings.ObservationsThis review summarizes how obesity leads to an increased risk of developing cancer and synthesizes current evidence behind the potential for bariatric surgery to reduce longitudinal cancer risk. Overall, bariatric surgery appears to have the strongest and most consistent association with decreased incidence of developing breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. The association of bariatric surgery and the development of esophageal, gastric, liver, and pancreas cancer is heterogenous with studies showing either no association or decreased longitudinal incidences. Conversely, there have been preclinical and cohort studies implying an increased risk of developing colon and rectal cancer after bariatric surgery. A review and synthesis of the existing literature reveals epidemiologic shortcomings of cohort studies that potentially explain incongruencies observed between studies.Conclusions and RelevanceStudies examining the association of bariatric surgery and longitudinal cancer risk remain heterogeneous and could be explained by certain epidemiologic considerations. This review provides a framework to better define subgroups of patients at higher risk of developing cancer who would potentially benefit more from bariatric surgery, as well as subgroups where more caution should be exercised.
The Effect of Interfacial Humidity on the Printing of Highly Reproducible Perovskite Solar Cells in the Air
Authors: Guo Shuaishuai , Fan Baojin , Yao Shengyi , Rao Li , Zhang Shaohua , Hu Xiaotian , Chen Yiwang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMoisture is a double‐edged sword in the nucleation and crystallization of perovskite films. In the presence of appropriate moisture in the air, grain boundaries are expected to merge neighboring grains, promoting the conversion of unreacted ions, resulting in large grains and pinhole‐free films. Adversely, excessive moisture can have detrimental effects on perovskite by damaging its crystalline structure. Controlling humidity precisely and removing excessive moisture from the interface is crucial to the printing of high‐quality and reproducible films in the air, which will undoubtedly promote the rapid commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Here, a method for high‐yield printing of perovskite films is developed using interfacial moisture as a research object. The finite element simulation reveals that interfacial moisture is the key factor affecting the quality of perovskite film formation, regardless of the ambient moisture. The results show that when the interfacial humidity is in the range of 7%–25%, the films exhibit high‐quality crystallization. The devices produced by this method exhibit a yield of 92%, indicating a promising pathway to attain highly reproducible perovskite films with superior optoelectronic properties. The air‐printing process will provide a broad guide to the commercial manufacture of high‐performance perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Non‐Equilibrium Assembly of Atomically‐Precise Copper Nanoclusters
Authors: Zhao Peng , Xu Linjie , Li Bohan , Zhao Yuanfeng , Zhao Yingshuai , Lu Yan , Cao Minghui , Li Guoqi , Weng Tsu‐Chien , Wang Heng , Zheng Yijun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAccurate structure control in dissipative assemblies (DSAs) is vital for precise biological functions. However, accuracy and functionality of artificial DSAs are far from this objective. Herein, a novel approach is introduced by harnessing complex chemical reaction networks rooted in coordination chemistry to create atomically‐precise copper nanoclusters (CuNCs), specifically Cu11(µ9‐Cl)(µ3‐Cl)3L6Cl (L = 4‐methyl‐piperazine‐1‐carbodithioate). Cu(I)–ligand ratio change and dynamic Cu(I)–Cu(I) metallophilic/coordination interactions enable the reorganization of CuNCs into metastable CuL2, finally converting into equilibrium [CuL·Y]Cl (Y = MeCN/H2O) via Cu(I) oxidation/reorganization and ligand exchange process. Upon adding ascorbic acid (AA), the system goes further dissipative cycles. It is observed that the encapsulated/bridging halide ions exert subtle influence on the optical properties of CuNCs and topological changes of polymeric networks when integrating CuNCs as crosslink sites. CuNCs duration/switch period could be controlled by varying the ions, AA concentration, O2 pressure and pH. Cu(I)‐Cu(I) metallophilic and coordination interactions provide a versatile toolbox for designing delicate life‐like materials, paving the way for DSAs with precise structures and functionalities. Furthermore, CuNCs can be employed as modular units within polymers for materials mechanics or functionalization studies.
Monitoring Acetone with Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Using a Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Huang Yan , Zhang Tie , Xu Ting , Peng Zhen , Xu Yinghe , He Sailing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHerein, this study describes a sample preconcentration apparatus based on a metal–organic framework (MOF) of NH2‐UIO‐66@PDMS adsorbent, which is first coupled to photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) technology for detection of acetone. The MOF selectively traps acetone out of complex samples and releases it into the photoacoustic (PA) cell, where PA signal intensity is recorded by PAS sensing system based on a cheap amplitude modulated UV LED as light source. The signal intensity is enhanced by 11 times after preconcentration of NH2‐UIO‐66@PDMS (100 mg). The preconcentration apparatus not only enhances sensitivity of sensor, but also promotes the anti‐interference ability for common interferents (carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapor, ethanol, propanol, etc.) of the sensor. As expected, the established PA sensor possesses a detection limit of 0.23 ppm for measuring acetone, which can feasibly be applied for the analysis of acetone in patients breath samples. This work provides a good example of the preconcentration effect of MOF for promoting PA sensor analytical performance, and the prospect of medical diagnosis.
Photoredox‐Catalyzed Sulfonaminoformyloxylation of Alkenes with N‐Aminopyridinium Salts and DMF
Authors: Wang Yue , Liu Jie , Chen Zhang , Chen Jinjin , Peng Xue , Wang Zhen , Zeng Yao‐Fu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA photoredox‐catalyzed three‐component sulfonaminoformyloxylation reaction between alkenes, N‐aminopyridinium salts and DMF has been developed, which avoids the usage of erosive formic acid as the formyloxylation reagent. Besides DMF, alkyl and aryl carboxylic acids proved to be feasible nucleophiles to afford various β‐amino esters. The robustness of this method was further demonstrated by its applicability in the late‐stage modification of biological molecules. Control experiments suggested that a sulfonamidyl radical was involved in this reaction.
Unveiling the hidden impact: Subclinical hypercortisolism and its subtle influence on bone health
Authors: Lou Yuan , Ren Luping , Chen Huan , Zhang Tian , Pan Qi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years, advancements in imaging technologies have led to an increased detection rate of adrenal incidentalomas (AI), with age demonstrating a significant correlation with their incidence. Among the various forms of functional adrenal incidentalomas, subclinical hypercortisolism (SH) stands out as a predominant subtype. Despite the absence of typical symptoms associated with Cushing's syndrome, both domestic and international research consistently establishes a robust link between SH and diverse metabolic irregularities, including hypertension, lipid metabolism disorders, glucose metabolism abnormalities, and disruptions in bone metabolism. Individuals with SH face an elevated risk of cardiovascular events and mortality, highlighting the clinical significance of addressing this condition. Prolonged exposure to elevated cortisol levels poses a significant threat to bone health, contributing to bone loss, alterations in bone microstructure, and an increased susceptibility to fractures. However, comprehensive reviews addressing bone metabolism changes and associated mechanisms in SH patients are currently lacking. Furthermore, the profound impact of concurrent SH on the overall health of the elderly cannot be overstated. A comprehensive understanding of the skeletal health status in elderly individuals with concomitant SH is imperative. This article aims to fill this gap by offering a detailed review of bone metabolism changes and associated mechanisms in SH patients arising from AI. Additionally, it provides a forward‐looking perspective on research concerning skeletal health in elderly individuals with concurrent SH.
The impact of warehouse services on spatial and intra‐temporal agricultural market integration: The case of the Ethiopian commodity exchange's warehouse services
Authors: Tessema Yohannis Mulu , Baker Derek 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Ethiopian commodity exchange market (ECX) was launched in 2008, and since then it has rolled out warehouse services for various commodities in different markets. In this study, our objective is to examine the effect of ECX's warehouse services on spatial and intra‐temporal integration of agricultural markets. To this effect, we apply the difference‐in‐difference approach on monthly retail price collected from sample markets. The results show that the warehouse service provision is associated with improved spatial market integration for chickpea and haricot bean, but not in the case of soya bean, sesame, and coffee. The results further show the warehouse service has no statistically significant impact on intra‐temporal market integration except for sesame. The implications of the study results are discussed. [EconLit Citations: D4, Q1, O1].
Enabling Stable and Low‐Strain Lithium Plating/Stripping with 2D Layered Transition Metal Carbides by Forming Li‐Zipped MXenes and a Li Halide‐Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase
Authors: Ma Liang , Jiang Yong‐Kang , Xu Dong‐Rui , Fang You‐You , Li Ning , Cao Duan‐Yun , Chen Lai , Lu Yun , Huang Qing , Su Yue‐Feng , Wu Feng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) layered materials demonstrate prominent advantage in regulating lithium plating/stripping behavior by confining lithium diffusion/plating within interlayer gaps. However, achieving effective interlayer confined lithium diffusion/plating without compromising the stability of bulk‐structural and the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) remains a considerable challenge. This paper presents an electrochemical scissor and lithium zipper‐driven protocol for realizing interlayer confined lithium plating with pretty‐low strain and volume change. In this protocol, lithium serves as a “zipper” to reunite the adjacent MXene back to MAX‐like phase to markedly enhance the structural stability, and a lithium halide‐rich SEI is formed by electrochemically removing the terminals of halogenated MXenes to maintain the stability and rapid lithium ions diffusion of SEI. When the Ti3C2I2 serves as the host for lithium plating, the average coulomb efficiency exceeds 97.0 % after 320 lithium plating/stripping cycles in conventional ester electrolyte. Furthermore, a full cell comprising of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 and Ti3C2I2@Li exhibits a capacity retention rate of 73.4 % after 200 cycles even under high cathode mass‐loading (20 mg cm−2) and a low negative/positive capacity ratio of 1.4. Our findings advance the understanding of interlayer confined lithium plating in 2D layered materials and provide a new direction in regulating lithium and other metal plating/stripping behaviors.
CO‐Induced Dimer Decay Responsible for Gem‐Dicarbonyl Formation on a Model Single‐Atom Catalyst
Authors: Wang Chunlei , Sombut Panukorn , Puntscher Lena , Jakub Zdenek , Meier Matthias , Pavelec Jiri , Bliem Roland , Schmid Michael , Diebold Ulrike , Franchini Cesare , Parkinson Gareth S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe ability to coordinate multiple reactants at the same active site is important for the wide‐spread applicability of single‐atom catalysis. Model catalysts are ideal to investigate the link between active site geometry and reactant binding, because the structure of single‐crystal surfaces can be precisely determined, the adsorbates imaged by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and direct comparisons made to density functional theory. In this study, we follow the evolution of Rh1 adatoms and minority Rh2 dimers on Fe3O4(001) during exposure to CO using time‐lapse STM at room temperature. CO adsorption at Rh1 sites results exclusively in stable Rh1CO monocarbonyls, because the Rh atom adapts its coordination to create a stable pseudo‐square planar environment. Rh1(CO)2 gem‐dicarbonyl species are also observed, but these form exclusively through the breakup of Rh2 dimers via an unstable Rh2(CO)3 intermediate. Overall, our results illustrate how minority species invisible to area‐averaging spectra can play an important role in catalytic systems, and show that the decomposition of dimers or small clusters can be an avenue to produce reactive, metastable configurations in single‐atom catalysis.