bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AT1 receptor antagonist therapy preferentially ameliorated right ventricular function and phenotype during the early phase of remodeling post‐MI
Authors: Nguyen Quang T , Colombo Federico , Clement Robert , Gosselin Hugues , Rouleau Jean‐Lucien , Calderone Angelino 
Published: April 2003

The influence of AII on contractile dysfunction, regulation of the tyrosine kinase‐dependent signaling molecule extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), and natriuretic peptide gene expression were examined in the noninfarcted left ventricle (NILV) and right ventricle (RV) during the early phase of remodeling post‐myocardial infarct (MI) in the rat. The selective AT1 receptor antagonist irbesartan was administered <10 h following coronary artery ligation, and rats were killed either at 4‐day or 2‐week post‐MI.
At 4 days post‐MI, left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP: sham=125±12, MI=91±4 mmHg) was decreased, whereas left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP: sham=9±2, MI=17±2 mm Hg), right ventricular systolic (RVSP: sham=26±1, MI=34±2 mm Hg), and end‐diastolic pressures (RVEDP: sham=3±0.5, MI=7±1 mm Hg) were increased. ERK phosphorylation was significantly elevated in the NILV and RV.
Irbesartan (40 mg kg−1/day−1) administration did not improve left ventricular function, or suppress increased ERK phosphorylation in the 4‐day post‐MI rat. By contrast, irbesartan therapy normalized RVSP (MI+irbesartan=25±1 mm Hg), RVEDP (MI+irbesartan=3±0.3 mm Hg), and reduced ERK1 (MI=3.0±0.6, MI+irbesartan=2.0±0.3‐fold increase), and ERK2 (MI=3.8±0.8, MI+irbesartan=2.2±0.5‐fold increase) phosphorylation.
In 2‐week post‐MI rats, biventricular dysfunction was associated with increased prepro‐ANP, and prepro‐BNP mRNA expression. Irbesartan therapy normalized RVSP, attenuated RVEDP, and abrogated natriuretic peptide mRNA expression (prepro‐ANP; MI=9±2, MI+irbesartan=2±1‐fold increase, prepro‐BNP; MI=6±2, MI+irbesartan=1±1‐fold increase), whereas both transcripts remained elevated in the NILV despite the partial attenuation of LVEDP.
These data suggest that the therapeutic benefit of irbesartan treatment during the early phase of remodeling post‐MI was associated with the preferential amelioration of RV contractile function and phenotype.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 138, 1485–1494. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705212
Different modulation by Ca2+‐activated K+ channel blockers and herbimycin of acetylcholine‐ and flow‐evoked vasodilatation in rat mesenteric small arteries
Authors: Thorsgaard Michael , Lopez Vanesa , Buus Niels H , Simonsen Ulf 
Published: April 2003

The present study addressed whether endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation evoked by acetylcholine and flow are mediated by the same mechanisms in isolated rat mesenteric small arteries, suspended in a pressure myograph for the measurement of internal diameter.
In pressurized arterial segments contracted with U46619 in the presence of indomethacin, shear stress generated by the flow evoked relaxation. Thus, in endothelium‐intact segments low (5.1±0.6 dyn cm−2) and high (19±2 dyn cm−2) shear stress evoked vasodilatations that were reduced by, respectively, 68±11 and 68±8% (P<0.05, n=7) by endothelial cell removal. Acetylcholine (0.01–1 μM) evoked concentration‐dependent vasodilatation that was abolished by endothelial cell removal.
Incubation with indomethacin alone did not change acetylcholine and shear stress‐evoked vasodilatation, while the combination of indomethacin with the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, NG,NG‐asymmetric dimethyl‐L‐arginine (ADMA 1 mM), reduced low and high shear stress‐evoked vasodilatation with, respectively, 52±15 and 58±10% (P<0.05, n=9), but it did not change acetylcholine‐evoked vasodilatation.
Inhibition of Ca2+‐activated K+ channels with a combination of apamin (0.5 μM) and charybdotoxin (ChTX) (0.1 μM) did not change shear stress‐ and acetylcholine‐evoked vasodilatation. In the presence of indomethacin and ADMA, the combination of apamin (0.5 μM) and ChTx (0.1 μM) increased contraction induced by U46619, but these blockers did not change the vasodilatation evoked by shear stress. In contrast, acetylcholine‐evoked vasodilatation was abolished by the combination of apamin and charybdotoxin.
In the presence of indomethacin, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin A (1 μM), inhibited low and high shear stress‐evoked vasodilatation with, respectively, 32±12 and 68±14% (P<0.05, n=8), but it did not change vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine. In the presence of indomethacin and ADMA, herbimycin A neither changed shear stress nor acetylcholine‐evoked vasodilatation.
The present study suggests that Ca2+‐activated K+ channels sensitive for the combination of apamin and ChTx are involved in acetylcholine‐evoked, mainly non‐NO nonprostanoid factor‐mediated, vasodilatation, while an Src tyrosine kinase plays a role for flow‐evoked NO‐mediated vasodilatation in rat mesenteric small arteries.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 138, 1562–1570. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705214
Crosstalk between presynaptic angiotensin receptors, bradykinin receptors and α2‐autoreceptors in sympathetic neurons: a study in α2‐adrenoceptor‐deficient mice
Authors: Trendelenburg Anne‐Ulrike , Meyer Angelika , Klebroff Werner , Guimarães Serafim , Starke Klaus 
Published: April 2003

In mouse atria, angiotensin II and bradykinin lose much or all of their noradrenaline release‐enhancing effect when presynaptic α2‐autoinhibition does not operate either because of stimulation with very brief pulse trains or because of treatment with α2 antagonists. We now studied this operational condition in α2‐adrenoceptor‐deficient mice. Release of 3H‐noradrenaline was elicited by electrical stimulation.
In tissues from wild‐type (WT) mice, angiotensin II and bradykinin increased the overflow of tritium evoked by 120 pulses at 3 Hz. This enhancement did not occur or was much reduced when tissues were stimulated by 120 pulses at 3 Hz in the presence of rauwolscine and phentolamine, or when they were stimulated by 20 pulses at 50 Hz.
In tissues from mice lacking the α2A‐adrenoceptor (α2AKO) or the α2B‐adrenoceptor (α2BKO), the concentration–response curves of angiotensin II and bradykinin (120 pulses at 3 Hz) were unchanged. In tissues from mice lacking the α2C‐adrenoceptor (α2CKO) or both the α2A‐ and the α2C‐adrenoceptor (α2ACKO), the concentration–response curves were shifted to the same extent downwards.
As in WT tissues, angiotensin II and bradykinin lost most or all of their effect in α2AKO and α2ACKO tissues when rauwolscine and phentolamine were present or trains consisted of 20 pulses at 50 Hz.
Rauwolscine and phentolamine increased tritium overflow evoked by 120 pulses at 3 Hz up to seven‐fold in WT and α2BKO tissues, three‐fold in α2AKO and α2CKO tissues, and two‐fold in α2ACKO tissues.
Results confirm that angiotensin II and bradykinin require ongoing α2‐autoinhibition for the full extent of their release‐enhancing effect. Specifically, they require ongoing α2C‐autoinhibition. The peptide effects that remain in α2C‐autoreceptor‐deficient mice seem to be because of α2B‐autoinhibition. The results hence also suggest that in addition to α2A‐ and α2C‐ mouse postganglionic sympathetic neurons possess α2B‐autoreceptors.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 138, 1389–1402. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705223
Alterations of Arterial Physiology in Osteopontin-Null Mice
Authors: Myers Daniel L. , Harmon Kelley J. , Lindner Volkhard , Liaw Lucy 
Published: April 2003

Objective—In this study, we characterized the effects of an osteopontin (OPN)-null mutation in normal arterial function and remodeling in a murine model.Methods and Results—OPN-null mutant mice were compared with wild-type mice before and after carotid artery ligation. Before ligation, OPN-null mice had increased heart rate, lower blood pressure, and increased circulating lymphocytes compared with wild-type mice. OPN-null vessels also demonstrated greater compliance accompanied by a loosely organized collagen network. After carotid artery ligation, significant differences were also found in the remodeling response of OPN-null animals. At 4 days after ligation, leukocyte adhesion/invasion was diminished by 10-fold in OPN-null mice compared with wild-type mice. At 14 days after ligation, the ligated arteries of OPN-null mice had smaller neointimal lesions but greater constrictive remodeling compared with wild-type mice, resulting in similar lumen areas. Continued remodeling resulted in a similar morphological phenotype in both groups at 28 days.Conclusions—These data show that endogenous OPN regulates normal vascular physiology and contributes to the vascular remodeling response by regulating vascular compliance and the inflammatory response.
Appropriating Liberation
Authors: Kew Barry 
Published: April 2003

AbstractMedia and nonhuman animal liberation is an under-researched area in the United Kingdom. If the most appropriate metaphor describing the media/social movement relationship is "dance," then largely the media and animal liberation are dancing in the dark of neglect. Drawing upon different approaches to media and offering some notes toward animal liberation media studies, this article explores how, by engaging with the "established terms of the problematic at play," animal liberationists and their claims are appropriated by speciesist ideology through exclusion and confusing and redefining maneuvers. A contextual analysis of its typical texts raises questions of the public interest role, due impartiality of media and, implicitly, of movement strategy.
Marxism and the Moral Status of Animals
Authors: Benton Ted 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPerlo's engagement with the complex and ambiguous relationship between Marxism (and, more broadly, the socialist traditions) and the moral status of animals is very much to be welcomed. This sort of engagement is valuable for three main reasons. First, the more narrowly focused social movement activity—whether committed to animal rights, social justice in the workplace, or advancement for women—is liable to cut itself off from critical insights created in the context of other movements. I became aware of this, particularly during the 1980s in relation to radical green politics, as both deepening and widening the already existing socialist case against neo-liberal capitalism, just as the women's liberation movement had done a decade or more earlier. Second, this sort of analysis is valuable because without it "single-issue" movements run a serious risk of advancing the claims of their own preferred social group at the cost of (usually unknowingly and unintentionally) deepening the oppression or exploitation of other groups. Third, where radical social movements campaign for changes that conflict with the interests of wealthy and powerful interests, and are committed to democratic values, they need to be able to bring public opinion with them. Single-issue movements rarely can do this on their own: Broad-based coalitions are needed. Moreover, the sources of radical thought and the range of justified grievances are now so diverse that the notion of a single, unified political party as the centralized vehicle of change is no longer viable (if it ever was). So, the broadly based coalition has to be diverse and difference-respecting. But can it be this while still maintaining enough unity of purpose and coordination of its actions to be effective?
Anthropomorphism and Anthropomorphic Selection—Beyond the "Cute Response"
Authors: Serpell James 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis article explores the origin and evolutionary implications of anthropomorphism in the context of our relationships with animal companions. On the human side, anthropomorphic thinking enables animal companions' social behavior to be construed in human terms, thereby allowing these nonhuman animals to function for their human owners or guardians as providers of nonhuman social support. Absence of social support is known to be detrimental to human health and well being. Therefore, anthropomorphism and its corollary, pet keeping, have obvious biological fitness implications. On the animal side, anthropomorphism constitutes a unique evolutionary selection pressure, analogous to sexual selection, which has molded the appearance, anatomy, and behavior of companion animal species so as to adapt them to their unusual ecological niche as social support providers. Although such species undoubtedly have benefited numerically from the effects of this process, the consequences of anthropomorphism are less benign when viewed from the perspective of individual animals. Indeed, anthropomorphic selection probably is responsible for some of the more severe welfare problems currently found in companion animals.
Psychologism and Phenomenological Psychology Revisited, Part II: The Return to Positivity
Authors: Cosgrove Lisa , Davidson Larry 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe last in a series of examinations, this paper articulates Husserl's mature position on the nature of a phenomenologically informed human science. Falling between the naïve positivity of a naturalistic approach to psychology and the transcendental view of consciousness at the base of phenomenological philosophy, we argue that a human scientific psychology—while not itself transcendental in nature needs to re-arise upon the transcendental ground as an empirical—but no longer transcendentally naïve—discipline through Husserl's notion of the "return to positivity." This notion of the return allows us to avoid "transcendental psychologism," differentiating psychological from transcendental subjectivity but from a transcendental, rather than naïve perspective. In this way, the return to positivity reclaims psychology as a worldly, but no longer naïve, discipline. To facilitate an understanding of the different perspectives in question, and the process of leaving the naturalistic perspective in order to return to it once armed with a transcendental understanding and its associated tools, we continue to develop the illustrative example of anorexia provided in the first part of this series. In conclusion, we discuss the implications of this framework for transcendental reforms both of clinical practice and of psychological research.
Lessons for the Future from the Margins of Psychology
Authors: Giorgi Amedeo 
Published: April 2003

AbstractHaving spent 40 years as a psychologist in academia with a minority perspective at odds with the culture of his profession, the author was requested to reflect upon his experiences in order to offer advice to younger colleagues of the same persuasion. There are indeed prices to be paid when one's values place one outside the established view within the discipline of psychology, but remaining true to oneself is never theless posited as the highest value. The chief drawback of marginality is the lack of the possibility of being placed within a normative university setting where the training of the next generation of scholars with similar values can take place. Basically, one encounters the resistances that sociology of knowledge factors offer rather than intrinsic resistances to the minority theoretical perspective. Five theoretical notions that met political resistance are listed and seven advisory comments are offered for young potentially marginal psychologists.
Phenomenology and the Incest Taboo
Authors: Hadreas Peter 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIt is argued that traditional functional explanations of the incest taboo do not sufficiently supply causal conditions. It is widely acknowledged that the incest taboo, although universal among human societies, is largely a feature of human behavior. Husserl's investigations of intentionality are introduced to supply the particularly human element by which the taboo may be understood. So as to illumine the contrast between the conflicting intentionalities, a classical Aristotelian contrast between eros and parent/ child philia is drawn. Parent/child philia and eros, although both requisite for the survival of the species, are shown to be crosspurposeful in several ways. Husserl's understanding of 'negation,' as it applies to affective and practical intentionalities, is reconsidered. It is thereby explained how parental/child affection and erotic love, are 'incompossible' and not only conflict, but 'nullify' and 'cancel out' each other, generating the 'taboo'.
The Phenomenology of Shame, Guilt and the Body in Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Depression
Authors: Fuchs Thomas 
Published: April 2003

AbstractFrom a phenomenological viewpoint, shame and guilt may be regarded as emotions which have incorporated the gaze and the voice of the other, respectively. The spontaneous and unreflected performance of the primordial bodily self has suffered a rupture: In shame or guilt we are rejected, separated from the others, and thrown back on ourselves. This reflective turn of spontaneous experience is connected with an alienation of primordial bodiliness that may be described as a "corporealization": The lived-body is changed into the objective, corporeal body or "body-for-others." The polarity of "bodiliness" and "corporeality" may further a phenomenological understanding of several mental disorders connected with shame and guilt. This is shown by the examples of body dysmorphic disorder and melancholic depression.
Anti-epiphany and the Jungian Manikin: Toward a Theory of Prepsychotic Perceptual Alterations
Authors: Arnold Kyle 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis paper articulates a psychodynamically informed phenomenological reading of prepsychotic perceptual alterations, which the author calls anti-epiphanies. Several of Carl Jung's experiences of the anti-epiphany, as described in his autobiography Memories, Dreams, Reflections (1961), are taken as exemplar cases. These anti-epiphanies are viewed through a critical psychobiographical lens, in an interpretationwhich tacks back and forth between Jung's childhood, psychological theories, and later prepsychotic experience. It is claimed that Jung's anti-epiphanies are linked to his use of schizoid-narcissistic forms of transitional selfobjects, referred to as Jungian manikins. Such Jungian manikins, it is argued, function to defend the subject against annihilation anxieties related to psychological engulfment, penetration, and finalization. When these anxieties become especially pronounced, the subject's entire perceptual world may be defensively used as a Jungian manikin, creating an anti-epiphany. The author conjectures that similar patterns of experience may be operative in the prepsychotic perceptual alterations had by those with schizoid-narcissistic character pathology.
Impaired germinal center formation and recall T-cell–dependent immune responses in mice lacking the costimulatory ligand B7-H2
Authors: Wong Siew-Cheng , Oh Edwin , Ng Chee-Hoe , Lam Kong-Peng 
Published: April 2003

AbstractB7-H2, which is expressed constitutively on B cells and binds the inducible costimulator (ICOS) on antigen-activated T cells, is a member of the B7 family of costimulatory ligands. We have inactivated B7-H2 in the mouse. B7-H2–/– mice generate normal populations of B and T cells in their various lymphoid organs but have lower basal levels of heavy chain class–switched antibodies in their sera. These mice are able to mount normal immune responses to both type I and type II T-cell–independent antigens. However, their pattern of responses to a T-cell–dependent antigen is altered, with greatly reduced production of antigen-specific heavy chain class–switched antibodies, the levels of which could not be elevated even with repeated immunizations. This suggests a critical role for B7-H2 in the recall phases of the immune response. Germinal center formation is also impaired in the mutant mice. While B cells from the mutant mice could response normally to anti-IgM, anti-CD40, and lipopolysaccharide stimulation, the production of T-helper–type II cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 by primed CD4+ T cells from mutant mice were reduced. This indicated that the defects in humoral responses and germinal center formation in B7-H2–deficient mice are due to the lack of T-cell–mediated help to the B cells. Hence, B7-H2 on B cells is important for recruiting T-cell help via its interaction with ICOS and plays a critical role in costimulating humoral immune responses.
Vaccination of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma using intranodal injection of autologous tumor-lysate–pulsed dendritic cells
Authors: Maier Tanja , Tun-Kyi Adrian , Tassis Anatoli , Jungius Karl-Peter , Burg Günter , Dummer Reinhard , Nestle Frank O. 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a lymphoproliferative skin disease with limited therapeutic options. Ten CTCL patients were treated with once-weekly intranodal injection of 1 × 106 mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with 100 μg/mL tumor lysate protein equivalent and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (50 μg/mL). Tumor-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions developed in 8 of 8 patients challenged with tumor-lysate-pulsed DCs and in 3 of 8 patients challenged with tumor lysate alone. Three of 5 patients showed significant tumor-lysate-specific increases of in vitro peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation coinciding with increased interferon-α (IFN-α) production. Five of 10 (50%) patients had objective responses. Four patients had partial responses (PRs). Two are still in PR, and the other 2 patients had a mean PR duration of 10.5 months. One patient had a complete response (CR) for 19 months that is ongoing. The remaining 5 patients had progressive disease. In the 5 responder patients, 6.8 ± 1.4 vaccinations were necessary to induce an objective clinical response. Response was associated with low tumor burden. Continuation of vaccinations with new tumor lysate derived from progressive lesions reinduced treatment responses in 2 patients in PR. Selected patients had massive infiltration of CD8+ and TIA+ cytotoxic T cells at the site of regressing lesions and molecular remission after therapy. Intranodal injection of autologous tumor-lysate-pulsed DCs is well-tolerated and achieves immunologic and objective clinical responses in selected CTCL patients. (Blood. 2003;102:2338-2344)