bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of pharyngeal wall compliance on passive collapsibility of retropalatal airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Tian Hongyi , Li Yanru , Lin Na , Liao Jianhong , Shi Yunhan , Kang Dan , Ding Xiu , Li Hongguang , Han Demin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the pharyngeal compliance of patients with obstructive sleep apnea with complete muscle relaxation. And to study the relationship between the pharyngeal wall compliance and the mechanical load of the retropalatal airway.MethodsThe static mechanical load of the retropalatal pharynx was determined by critical closing pressure (Pcrit) of the segment during general anesthesia in 30 patients. The size/dimensions of the pharynx were measured while intraluminal pressure was controlled at 3–20 cmH2O.ResultsA total of 30 participants (age: 37.6 ± 7.6 years, 27 males) were studied. The mean apnea‐hypopnea index was 51.6 ± 23.9 events/h. The retropalatal mean Pcrit was 12.68 ± 4.13 cmH2O. There was a significant difference in the length of the obstruction segment (F = 26.028, p < 0.001) among groups with different pharyngeal collapsibility. The correlation between the mechanical load of retropalatal airway and pharyngeal compliance in the level of the hard palate (r = −0.448, p = 0.015) and the uvula level (r = −0.462, p = 0.026) were significant.ConclusionsIncreased retropalatal mechanical loads were related to abnormal passive compliance of the pharyngeal wall. The contribution of each pharyngeal wall to airway collapse was varied.
2H‐Azirines: Recent Progress in Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Xu Fen , Zeng Fan‐Wang , Luo Wen‐Jie , Zhang Shi‐Yu , Huo Jia‐Qi , Li Ya‐Peng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract2H‐arizines are important three‐membered heterocycles in organic chemistry. Recently, many advances in the synthesis and functionalization of 2H‐arizines have been reported. Neber rearrangement, isomerization of isoxazole, oxidation of enamine, C−H bond activation, decomposition of vinyl azide, functionalization of alkyne, and multi‐step synthesis have been developed for the efficient assembly of 2H‐azirines. As versatile and highly strained three‐membered unsaturated heterocycles, 2H‐azirines can be used as distinctive building blocks towards significant functional groups, and have attracted extensive attention for the fabrication of numerous heterocycles. Recent studies have focused on [3+n] ring‐expansion reactions, nucleophilic addition of C=N double bond or continuous nucleophilic addition followed by cyclization, ring‐opening of 2H‐azirines to acyclic compounds, and substitution of sp3‐C−H of 2H‐azirines. One of the most critical challenges is seeking for a selective opening of the specific three bonds of the strained azirine circle, some of what can be achieved on the basis of metal catalyst, photocatalysis, or combination of metal catalyst and photocatalysis. In this review, recent advances involving the synthesis and reactivity of 2H‐arizines accompanied with challenges and breakthroughs are summarized. The review mainly covers the period from 2019 to 2023.
Synthesis of α‐Imino Amidines and 2,3‐Diamino Indolenines Using a One‐Pot Graphene Oxide‐Catalyzed Process
Authors: Caputo Samantha , Donoso Silvia , Banfi Luca , Basso Andrea , Lambruschini Chiara , Riva Renata , Kovtun Alessandro , Moni Lisa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe acid‐catalyzed three‐component (3 C) UGI reaction of isocyanides, amines, and aldehydes generally gives α‐amino amidines. Herein, we report the graphene oxide (GO)‐promoted promoted 3 C Ugi reaction followed by a C−N bond oxidation to provide rapid access to α‐imino amidines. GO plays a crucial role both in the multicomponent reaction and in the subsequent oxidation. Interestingly, α‐imino amidines bearing electron‐donating groups undergo spontaneous cyclization leading substituted 2,3‐diamino indolenines. The scope of the process has been investigated with respect to all three components, and a comparison between the one‐pot and sequential approaches is given. The major advantages of the developed methodology include one‐pot synthesis, operational simplicity, high atom economy, broad substrate scope, multicomponent character, and applicability towards gram scale synthesis. Recovery and regeneration of GO and investigation of its real active sites has been performed by control experiments and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Preserving node similarity adversarial learning graph representation with graph neural network
Authors: Yang Shangying , Zhang Yinglong , E Jiawei , Xia Xuewen , Xu Xing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years, graph neural networks (GNNs) have showcased a strong ability to learn graph representations and have been widely used in various practical applications. However, many currently proposed GNN‐based representation learning methods do not retain neighbor‐based node similarity well, and this structural information is crucial in many cases. To address this issue, drawing inspiration from generative adversarial networks (GANs), we propose PNS‐AGNN (i.e., Preserving Node Similarity Adversarial Graph Neural Networks), a novel framework for acquiring graph representations, which can preserve neighbor‐based node similarity of the original graph and efficiently extract the nonlinear structural features of the graph. Specifically, we propose a new positive sample allocation strategy based on a node similarity index, where the generator can generate vector representations that satisfy node similarity through adversarial training. In addition, we also adopt an improved GNN as the discriminator, which utilizes the original graph structure for recursive neighborhood aggregation to maintain the local structure and feature information of nodes, thereby enhancing the graph representation's ability. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate that PNS‐AGNN significantly improves various tasks, including link prediction, node classification, and visualization.
Reconstruction of ancient drainage in the contact karst of the Harmanecká dolina Valley, Western Carpathians, based on mineralogical data from the allochthonous sediments and isobase geomorphometry
Authors: Bónová Katarína , Bóna Ján , Gallay Michal , Hók Jozef , Bella Pavel , Pańczyk Magdalena , Hraško Ľubomír , Mikuš Tomáš 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCaves are unique sedimentary archives that may record the evolution of the surrounding landscape. In this study, we applied combination of mineralogical data on allochthonous sediments with digital modelling of isobase surfaces to reconstruct the multi‐phased geomorphological development of the karst of the Harmanecká dolina Valley. The allochthonous cave sediments contain quartz and translucent heavy minerals (HMs) such as tourmaline, garnet, rutile, apatite, zircon, pyroxene, amphibole, staurolite, spinel, monazite, corundum, epidote, xenotime and florencite. Rounded shape and surface microtextures preserved on quartz and most HM grains point to predominantly a fluvial transport of detritus and its multiple recycling history. Pyroxene and amphibole are exceptions that denoted a very close source and the first‐cycle sedimentation from the adjacent volcanic Kremnické vrchy Mts. corresponding to obtained SHRIMP U–Pb detrital zircon ages of ~13.8–12.8 Ma. Heavy‐mineral geochemistry (e.g., zoned grossular‐rich garnet) and wide range of the Palaeozoic ages (Ordovician to Permian) confirms that the studied detritus sourced dominantly in the Western‐Carpathian crystalline basement rocks of the Veporic/Tatric tectonic units initially distributed by the palaeo‐Hron River and its tributaries from the east. Rare cummingtonite, remarkable tourmaline with omphacite inclusions and florencite point to the mixture of recycled sediments of Neogene Danube Basin formations containing also Austroalpine pre‐Neogene basement detritus, and confirm the original widespread distribution of the Neogene sediments currently eroded. Geomorphometric analyses of a LiDAR digital terrain model and derived isobase surface elevation models indicate the topographic development of wider area and support the findings about the transport direction of detritus. Presented multi‐method approach is suitable not only for the understanding of development of the surroundings of Harmanecká dolina Valley but also for the palaeogeographic and geomorphological reconstructions of similar karst and non‐karst areas.
Sniffing out meaning: Chemosensory and semantic neural network changes in sommeliers
Authors: Carreiras Manuel , Quiñones Ileana , Chen H. Alexander , Vázquez‐Araujo Laura , Small Dana , Frost Ram 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWine tasting is a very complex process that integrates a combination of sensation, language, and memory. Taste and smell provide perceptual information that, together with the semantic narrative that converts flavor into words, seem to be processed differently between sommeliers and naïve wine consumers. We investigate whether sommeliers' wine experience shapes only chemosensory processing, as has been previously demonstrated, or if it also modulates the way in which the taste and olfactory circuits interact with the semantic network. Combining diffusion‐weighted images and fMRI (activation and connectivity) we investigated whether brain response to tasting wine differs between sommeliers and nonexperts (1) in the sensory neural circuits representing flavor and/or (2) in the neural circuits for language and memory. We demonstrate that training in wine tasting shapes the microstructure of the left and right superior longitudinal fasciculus. Using mediation analysis, we showed that the experience modulates the relationship between fractional anisotropy and behavior: the higher the fractional anisotropy the higher the capacity to recognize wine complexity. In addition, we found functional differences between sommeliers and naïve consumers affecting the flavor sensory circuit, but also regions involved in semantic operations. The former reflects a capacity for differential sensory processing, while the latter reflects sommeliers' ability to attend to relevant sensory inputs and translate them into complex verbal descriptions. The enhanced synchronization between these apparently independent circuits suggests that sommeliers integrated these descriptions with previous semantic knowledge to optimize their capacity to distinguish between subtle differences in the qualitative character of the wine.
Novel Rearrangements of Guaiane Sesquiterpenes
Authors: Türtscher Paul L. , Brunner Gerhard , Goeke Andreas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGuaiane sesquiterpenes are an important class of biologically active natural products. Several oxygenated bicyclic but also tricyclic derivatives show unprecedented olfactory activity with great importance in perfumery. Their in vivo syntheses are largely controlled by the intrinsic selectivities of terpene synthases and only a few rearrangements of their hydroazulene skeletons were reported, mostly resulting into terpenoids with decalin motives. Using α‐guaiene and bulnesene, complex rearrangements into novel tri and tetracyclic terpenoids are described herein. The cationic rearrangement mechanisms of their formation based on subsequent 1,2‐H and alkyl shifts promoted by substoichiometric amounts of ethylaluminum dichloride.
A bumpy ride—Acute recurrent pancreatitis in pregnancy in a Type 2 diabetic, presenting with euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: A case report
Authors: Ali Sara Showkath , Bhat Sowrabha , Salih Hisham A. , Naseer Ansaba , Rajaratnam Annie 
Published: January 2024

SynopsisWe describe a case of recurrent idiopathic pancreatitis in a pregnant diabetic who presented with euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), was managed successfully and delivered a healthy baby.
Diagnosis of glaucoma from retinal fundus images using disc localization and sequential DNN model
Authors: Sonti Kamesh , Dhuli Ravindra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDeep learning is an emerging trend with enormous applications over the past few years. Ophthalmology is one such area in medical applications where early disease detection is required to avoid loss of vision. Glaucoma is a rapidly growing disorder related to human eye, which arises due to the increase in pressure inside the eye. The medical diagnosis methods available for glaucoma have some limitations; hence, computer‐aided design (CAD) approach is preferred using images. In the context of image processing, convolution neural networks (CNNs) are preferred for classification because of their ability to grasp highly discriminate features from raw pixel intensities. In our approach, diagnosis of glaucoma is implemented by extracting the region of interest (ROI) by splitting the coefficients into recurrence decays and will improve the possibility of identifying even poorly differentiated exudates and upgrading the normal recurrence ranges. Later, a sequential deep neural network (DNN) model with a rectified linear unit (ReLU) and sigmoid function is designed to train the data with effective features matching from training and testing samples. The proposed model is implemented on two publicly available datasets (Drishti‐GS1 and ACRIMA) using 10‐fold cross validation (CV), 60:40 and 70:30 split ratio approaches, and performance is assessed using the metrics and plotted the region of convergence curves. The model is also tested on two more datasets (ORIGA and Refuge) to validate the robustness of the proposed model. The obtained simulation results and the evaluated performance metrics prove that our proposed model diagnose glaucoma from retinal fundus images effectively compared with other existing models.
Free‐ranging dogs and their owners: Evaluating demographics, husbandry practices and local attitudes towards canine management and dog–wildlife conflict
Authors: Marshall Holly E. , Gore Meredith L. , Ngoprasert Dusit , Savini Tommaso 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDomestic dogs, numbering over 900 million worldwide, are commonly kept as service animals and companions. However, their interactions with wildlife have become a growing concern for conservation biologists studying human–wildlife conflicts. It has been reported that domestic dogs pose threats to at least 188 wildlife species, a figure that is likely underestimated. In regions like Southeast Asia, the actual impact could be up to five times the current estimates suggest. This study was designed to explore community perspectives on dog–wildlife conflict within protected areas in rural Thailand, focusing on dog husbandry and promoting effective population management strategies. To gather data on dog ownership, management practices and community perspectives on dog–wildlife conflicts, a structured questionnaire survey was conducted amongst households in settlements surrounding protected areas in Northern Thailand. The survey revealed a widespread presence of domestic dogs in rural Thailand, with half of all households owning dogs and over 40% of these dogs having unrestricted movements. Despite this high prevalence, the impacts of dog–wildlife conflicts were not widely recognised by respondents in the study area. Respondents agreed that dog owners were responsible for controlling their own dogs, while local governments were responsible for controlling dog populations. The most popular management options for dog populations were nonlethal methods, including free vaccinations and sterilisation for owned dogs and trap‐neuter‐vaccinate‐return programmes for strays. The lack of awareness among respondents about dog–wildlife conflicts highlights the need for educational activities on the impacts of free‐ranging domestic dogs. Protected area managers must enforce dog‐free policies within these zones to mitigate the potential threats to vulnerable wildlife populations. However, the lack of veterinary practices in the area represents a significant challenge to effective dog population management. Developing strategies to overcome this issue is crucial. Overall, the findings suggest that effective dog population management requires a collaborative approach between dog owners, local governments and conservation managers.
Body composition estimates using a 2D image analysis system across different environmental conditions: An agreement study
Authors: Metoyer Casey J. , Sullivan Katherine , Winchester Lee J. , Richardson Mark T. , Esco Michael R. , Fedewa Michael V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study examined the agreement between %Fat measurements using a smartphone‐based application (IMAGE) across different environmental conditions.MethodsA single reference image was obtained using an 8 MP smartphone camera under Ambient Light in front of a white background. Additional photos were obtained using a 0.7 MP, 5 MP, and 12 MP smartphone cameras; low‐, moderate‐, and bright‐lighting conditions; and various color backgrounds including black, green, orange, and gray.Results%Fat measured using the 0.7 MP camera (27.8 ± 6.2 %Fat) was higher than the reference (26.8 ± 6.1 %Fat) (p < 0.001). The black (32.0 ± 12.0 %Fat), green (27.5 ± 6.3 %Fat), and gray (27.8 ± 6.3 %Fat) backgrounds yielded higher %Fat than the white (p = 0.03, 0.01, and 0.001). All camera, lighting, and background conditions were strongly correlated with the reference (all intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] >0.98, all standard error of the estimate [SEE] <1.5 %Fat, all p < 0.001), except the black background which yielded poorer agreement with the white background (ICC = 0.69, SEE = 4.5%, p < 0.001).Conclusion%Fat from IMAGE were strongly correlated across various environmental conditions.
DON/DRP‐104 as potent serine protease inhibitors implicated in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: Comparative binding modes with human TMPRSS2 and novel therapeutic approach
Authors: Oduro‐Kwateng Ernest , Soliman Mahmoud E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHuman transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) is an important member of the type 2 transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) family with significant therapeutic markings. The search for potent TMPRSS2 inhibitors against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection with favorable tissue specificity and off‐site toxicity profiles remains limited. Therefore, probing the anti‐TMPRSS2 potential of enhanced drug delivery systems, such as nanotechnology and prodrug systems, has become compelling. We report the first in silico study of TMPRSS2 against a prodrug, [isopropyl(S)‐2‐((S)‐2‐acetamido‐3‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐propanamido)‐6‐diazo‐5‐oxo‐hexanoate] also known as DRP‐104 synthesized from 6‐Diazo‐5‐oxo‐l‐norleucine (DON). We performed comparative studies on DON and DRP‐104 against a clinically potent TMPRSS2 inhibitor, nafamostat, and a standard serine protease inhibitor, 4‐(2‐Aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride (AEBSF) against TMPRSS2 and found improved TMPRSS2 inhibition through synergistic binding of the S1/S1' subdomains. Both DON and DRP‐104 had better thermodynamic profiles than AEBSF and nafamostat. DON was found to confer structural stability with strong positive correlated inter‐residue motions, whereas DRP‐104 was found to confer kinetic stability with restricted residue displacements and reduced loop flexibility. Interestingly, the Scavenger Receptor Cysteine‐Rich (SRCR) domain of TMPRSS2 may be involved in its inhibition mechanics. Two previously unidentified loops, designated X (270−275) and Y (293−296) underwent minimal and major structural transitions, respectively. In addition, residues 273−277 consistently transitioned to a turn conformation in all ligated systems, whereas unique transitions were identified for other transitioning residue groups in each TMPRSS2‐inhibitor complex. Intriguingly, while both DON and DRP‐104 showed similar loop transition patterns, DRP‐104 preserved loop structural integrity. As evident from our systematic comparative study using experimentally/clinically validated inhibitors, DRP‐104 may serve as a potent and novel TMPRSS2 inhibitor and warrants further clinical investigation.
Balanced spatiotemporal arrangements of histone H3 and H4 posttranslational modifications are necessary for meiotic prophase I chromosome organization
Authors: Kumar S. Lava , Mohanty Aradhana , Kumari Anjali , Etikuppam Ajith Kumar , Kumar S. Ranjith , Athar Mohd , Kumar P. Kiran , Beniwal Rohit , Potula Moukthika M. , Gandham Ravi Kumar , Rao H. B. D. Prasada 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDynamic nuclear architecture and chromatin organizations are the key features of the mid‐prophase I in mammalian meiosis. The chromatin undergoes major changes, including meiosis‐specific spatiotemporal arrangements and remodeling, the establishment of chromatin loop–axis structure, pairing, and crossing over between homologous chromosomes, any deficiencies in these events may induce genome instability, subsequently leading to failure to produce gametes and infertility. Despite the significance of chromatin structure, little is known about the location of chromatin marks and the necessity of their balance during meiosis prophase I. Here, we show a thorough cytological study of the surface‐spread meiotic chromosomes of mouse spermatocytes for H3K9,14,18,23,27,36, H4K12,16 acetylation, and H3K4,9,27,36 methylation. Active acetylation and methylation marks on H3 and H4, such as H3K9ac, H3K14ac, H3K18ac, H3K36ac, H3K56ac, H4K12ac, H4K16ac, and H3K36me3 exhibited pan‐nuclear localization away from heterochromatin. In comparison, repressive marks like H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 are localized to heterochromatin. Further, taking advantage of the delivery of small‐molecule chemical inhibitors methotrexate (heterochromatin enhancer), heterochromatin inhibitor, anacardic acid (histone acetyltransferase inhibitor), trichostatin A (histone deacetylase inhibitor), IOX1 (JmjC demethylases inhibitor), and AZ505 (methyltransferase inhibitor) in seminiferous tubules through the rete testis route, revealed that alteration in histone modifications enhanced the centromere mislocalization, chromosome breakage, altered meiotic recombination and reduced sperm count. Specifically, IOX1 and AZ505 treatment shows severe meiotic phenotypes, including altering chromosome axis length and chromatin loop size via transcriptional regulation of meiosis‐specific genes. Our findings highlight the importance of balanced chromatin modifications in meiotic prophase I chromosome organization and instability.