bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of an intramonocytic haemoparasite, Hepatozoon lainsoni sp. nov. (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina: Hepatozoidae), infecting Ameiva ameiva lizard (Reptilia: Squamata: Teiidae) in northern Brazil
Authors: Morais Rafaela A. P. B. , Rodrigues Ana Paula D. , Diniz José Antonio P. , Úngari Letícia Pereira , O'Dwyer Lucia Helena , de Souza Wanderley , DaMatta Renato A. , Silva Edilene O. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHaemogregarine (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina) parasites are considered to be the most common and widespread haemoparasites in reptiles. The genus Hepatozoon (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina: Hepatozoidae) can be found parasitizing a broad range of species and, in reptiles, they infect mainly peripheral blood erythrocytes. The present study detected and characterized a haemogregarine isolated from the lizard species, Ameiva ameiva, collected from the municipality of Capanema, Pará state, north Brazil. Blood smears and imprints from lungs, brain, heart, kidney, liver, bone marrow and spleen were observed using light microscopy and the parasite was genetically identified by molecular analysis. Morphological, morphometric and molecular data were obtained. Parasite gamonts were found in 49.5% (55/111) of the blood smears from A. ameiva, and were characterized as oval, averaging 12.0 ± 0.8 × 5.9 ± 0.6 μm2 in size, which displaced the nuclei of parasitized monocytes laterally. Parasite forms resembling immature gamonts were observed in the spleen and bone marrow of the lizards. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses of 18S rRNA sequences did not reveal gene similarity with other Hepatozoon spp. sequences from reptiles. Thus, morphological and molecular analyses have identified a new species of Hepatozoon parasite, Hepatozoon lainsoni sp. nov., which infects monocytes of the A. ameiva lizard.
Optimization of a Tsunami Gauge Configuration for Pseudo‐Super‐Resolution of Wave Height Distribution
Authors: Fujita Saneiki , Nomura Reika , Moriguchi Shuji , Otake Yu , Koshimura Shunichi , LeVeque Randall J. , Terada Kenjiro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, we present an optimization method for determining a cost‐effective sparse configuration for tsunami gauges to realize the reconstruction of high‐resolution wave height distribution throughout the target region based on the concept of super‐resolution. This optimization method consists of three procedures. First, we generate time series data of tsunami wave heights at synthetic gauges by conducting numerical simulations of various earthquake and tsunami scenarios at the target site. Next, we apply proper orthogonal decomposition to the synthetic tsunami data to extract the spatial features of the wave height distribution. Finally, according to these spatial features, an optimization process is performed to determine a sparse configuration of synthetic gauges. In the optimization, the optimal gauges are sequentially selected from the set of synthetic gauges to reconstruct the wave height distribution with the highest accuracy. Targeting hypothetical Nankai Trough earthquakes and tsunamis, we determine the optimal configuration near Shikoku and demonstrate the wave height reconstruction capability of the approach by comparing the performance of networks with optimally and randomly placed gauges. The results indicate that coastal gauges contribute more to improving the reconstruction accuracy and that a configuration with 21 optimal gauges has satisfactory performance. In addition, we assess the performance of the existing NOWPHAS network installed in the Shikoku region and find that the reconstruction performance of the existing network is equivalent to that of the optimal gauge network.
Correcting Projection Effects in CMEs Using GCS‐Based Large Statistics of Multi‐Viewpoint Observations
Authors: Gandhi Harshita , Patel Ritesh , Pant Vaibhav , Majumdar Satabdwa , Pal Sanchita , Banerjee Dipankar , Morgan Huw 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study addresses the limitations of single‐viewpoint observations of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) by presenting results from a 3D catalog of 360 CMEs during solar cycle 24, fitted using the Graduated Cylindrical Shell (GCS) model. The data set combines 326 previously analyzed CMEs and 34 newly examined events, categorized by their source regions into active region (AR) eruptions, active prominence (AP) eruptions, and prominence eruptions (PE). Estimates of errors are made using a bootstrapping approach. The findings highlight that the average 3D speed of CMEs is ∼1.3 times greater than the 2D speed. PE CMEs tend to be slow, with an average speed of 432 km s−1. AR and AP speeds are higher, at 723 and 813 km s−1, respectively, with the latter having fewer slow CMEs. The distinctive behavior of AP CMEs is attributed to factors like overlying magnetic field distribution or geometric complexities leading to less accurate GCS fits. A linear fit of projected speed to width gives a gradient of ∼2 km s−1 deg−1, which increases to 5 km s−1 deg−1when the GCS‐fitted ‘true’ parameters are used. Notably, AR CMEs exhibit a high gradient of 7 km s−1 deg−1, while AP CMEs show a gradient of 4 km s−1 deg−1. PE CMEs, however, lack a significant speed‐width relationship. We show that fitting multi‐viewpoint CME images to a geometrical model such as GCS is important to study the statistical properties of CMEs, and can lead to a deeper insight into CME behavior that is essential for improving future space weather forecasting.
28 NICUs participating in a quality improvement collaborative targeting early-onset sepsis antibiotic use
Authors: Payton Kurlen S. E. , Bennett Mihoko V. , Schulman Joseph , Benitz William E. , Stellwagen Lisa , Darmstadt Gary L. , Quinn Jenny , Kristensen-Cabrera Alexandria I. , Breault Courtney C. , Bolaris Michael , Lefrak Linda , Merrill Jeff , Sharek Paul J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
There is widespread overuse of antibiotics in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The objective of this study was to safely reduce antibiotic use in participating NICUs by targeting early-onset sepsis (EOS) management.

Study design
Twenty-eight NICUs participated in this statewide multicenter antibiotic stewardship quality improvement collaborative. The primary aim was to reduce the total monthly mean antibiotic utilization rate (AUR) by 25% in participant NICUs.

Result
Aggregate AUR was reduced by 15.3% (p < 0.001). There was a wide range in improvement among participant NICUs. There were no increases in EOS rates or nosocomial infection rates related to the intervention.

Conclusion
Participation in this multicenter NICU antibiotic stewardship collaborative targeting EOS was associated with an aggregate reduction in antibiotic use. This study informs efforts aimed at sustaining improvements in NICU AURs.
A WHO digital intervention to address depression among young Chinese adults: a type 1 effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Gen , Sit Hao Fong , Chen Wen , Wu Kunpeng , Sou Elvo Kuai Long , Wong Mek , Chen Ze , Burchert Sebastian , Hong Ieng Wai , Sit Ho Yi , Lam Agnes Iok Fong , Hall Brian J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCommon mental disorders among young people are rising globally. Current university-based interventions are inadequate to address the need for evidence-based interventions. We investigated the effectiveness and implementation of Step-by-Step (SbS), a WHO digital intervention to address depression, among Chinese university students with depressive symptoms. In this paper, we report a type 1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trial conducted between September 2021 and September 2022. The control condition was enhanced treatment as usual (ETAU, psychoeducation). The primary outcome was improvement in depression symptoms. Secondary outcomes were improvements in psychological well-being, anxiety symptoms, and self-identified psychosocial problems. Effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated using generalized linear mixed models. Implementation outcomes were evaluated by thematic analysis of participant interviews. A total of 371 participants were enrolled to two treatment conditions in a 1:1 ratio. SbS resulted in a greater reduction in depressive symptoms at posttreatment (p = 0.004, Hedges’ g = 0.35), but no significant difference between SbS and ETAU was observed at three-month follow-up (p = 0.179, Hedges’ g = 0.16). The treatment effect was larger among those who adhered to the treatment (Hedges’ gs = 0.59 and 0.30). Subjective well-being also improved for SbS at both time points (Hedges’ gs = 0.31 and 0.30). In addition, SbS resulted in more improvement in anxiety symptoms at posttreatment (p = 0.029, Hedges’ g = 0.26), but not at three-month follow-up (p = 0.265, Hedges’ g = 0.13). The qualitative results demonstrated that the intervention was well-implemented as a self-help mental health service, with minimal support from peer supporters. In conclusion, Step-by-Step, a digital intervention developed by WHO, was effective in reducing depressive symptoms in the short term and improving psychological well-being in a longer term. The sustained effect on depression needs further investigation. Improving uptake and engagement in the program is needed for its scale-up implementation as a university-based mental health service for Chinese young adults. Trial registration: ChiCTR2100050214.
Multi-level profiling of the Fmr1 KO rat unveils altered behavioral traits along with aberrant glutamatergic function
Authors: Ntoulas George , Brakatselos Charalampos , Nakas Gerasimos , Asprogerakas Michail-Zois , Delis Foteini , Leontiadis Leonidas J. , Trompoukis George , Papatheodoropoulos Costas , Gkikas Dimitrios , Valakos Dimitrios , Vatsellas Giannis , Politis Panagiotis K. , Polissidis Alexia , Antoniou Katerina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disabilities and the most prevalent monogenic cause of autism. Although the knockout (KO) of the Fmr1 gene homolog in mice is primarily used for elucidating the neurobiological substrate of FXS, there is limited association of the experimental data with the pathophysiological condition in humans. The use of Fmr1 KO rats offers additional translational validity in this regard. Therefore, we employed a multi-level approach to study the behavioral profile and the glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission status in pathophysiology-associated brain structures of Fmr1 KO rats, including the recordings of evoked and spontaneous field potentials from hippocampal slices, paralleled with next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). We found that these rats exhibit hyperactivity and cognitive deficits, along with characteristic bidirectional glutamatergic and GABAergic alterations in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. These results are coupled to affected excitability and local inhibitory processes in the hippocampus, along with a specific transcriptional profile, highlighting dysregulated hippocampal network activity in KO rats. Overall, our data provide novel insights concerning the biobehavioral profile of FmR1 KO rats and translationally upscales our understanding on pathophysiology and symptomatology of FXS syndrome.
Cortical signatures of sleep are altered following effective deep brain stimulation for depression
Authors: van Rheede Joram J. , Alagapan Sankaraleengam , Denison Timothy J. , Riva-Posse Patricio , Rozell Christopher J. , Mayberg Helen S. , Waters Allison C. , Sharott Andrew 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subcallosal cingulate cortex (SCC) is an experimental therapy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Chronic SCC DBS leads to long-term changes in the electrophysiological dynamics measured from local field potential (LFP) during wakefulness, but it is unclear how it impacts sleep-related brain activity. This is a crucial gap in knowledge, given the link between depression and sleep disturbances, and an emerging interest in the interaction between DBS, sleep, and circadian rhythms. We therefore sought to characterize changes in electrophysiological markers of sleep associated with DBS treatment for depression. We analyzed key electrophysiological signatures of sleep—slow-wave activity (SWA, 0.5–4.5 Hz) and sleep spindles—in LFPs recorded from the SCC of 9 patients who responded to DBS for TRD. This allowed us to compare the electrophysiological changes before and after 24 weeks of therapeutically effective SCC DBS. SWA power was highly correlated between hemispheres, consistent with a global sleep state. Furthermore, SWA occurred earlier in the night after chronic DBS and had a more prominent peak. While we found no evidence for changes to slow-wave power or stability, we found an increase in the density of sleep spindles. Our results represent a first-of-its-kind report on long-term electrophysiological markers of sleep recorded from the SCC in patients with TRD, and provides evidence of earlier NREM sleep and increased sleep spindle activity following clinically effective DBS treatment. Future work is needed to establish the causal relationship between long-term DBS and the neural mechanisms underlying sleep.
Optical behavior and marginal discoloration of a single shade resin composite with a chameleon effect: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Anwar Ruba Salah , Hussein Yasser Fathi , Riad Mona 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective/aim
Evaluating the optical behavior and marginal discoloration of a Single-shade universal resin composite over 12 months. To achieve this, a split-mouth with a double-blinded randomized strategy was employed.

Materials and methods
Twenty adult patients, each presenting with at least two caries lesions in their posterior teeth, were selected and randomly subdivided into two identical groups: Group I received Single-shade universal resin composite (Omnichroma), and Group II received multi-shade nanohybrid resin composite (Tetric®N-Ceram). Color measurements and marginal discoloration were assessed visually by three blinded operators at baseline followed after 1,3,6,9, and 12‑month periods utilizing the Modified United States Public Health Services (USPHS) criteria. Statistical analysis was adopted utilizing the Wilcoxon test with a 0.05 significance level.

Results
The two groups revealed non-statistically significant differences up to 6 months regarding color match and color stability. After 9 and 12 months, the multi-shade group demonstrated a statistically significant higher prevalence of color match (Alpha) scores than the single-shade universal group. Regarding marginal discoloration, all restorations in the two groups had no discoloration (Alpha scores).

Discussion/conclusion
Since the percentage of Alpha and Bravo scores was considered clinical success, both the single-shade universal and the multi-shade nanohybrid resin composites demonstrated satisfactory optical performance and marginal discoloration as posterior restorations after a 12-month follow-up period.
RANKL inhibition reduces lesional cellularity and Gαs variant expression and enables osteogenic maturation in fibrous dysplasia
Authors: de Castro Luis F. , Whitlock Jarred M. , Michel Zachary , Pan Kristen , Taylor Jocelyn , Szymczuk Vivian , Boyce Brendan , Martin Daniel , Kram Vardit , Galisteo Rebeca , Melikov Kamran , Chernomordik Leonid V. , Collins Michael T. , Boyce Alison M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare, disabling skeletal disease for which there are no established treatments. Growing evidence supports inhibiting the osteoclastogenic factor receptor activator of nuclear kappa-B ligand (RANKL) as a potential treatment strategy. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying RANKL inhibition in FD tissue and its likely indirect effects on osteoprogenitors by evaluating human FD tissue pre- and post-treatment in a phase 2 clinical trial of denosumab (NCT03571191) and in murine in vivo and ex vivo preclinical models. Histological analysis of human and mouse tissue demonstrated increased osteogenic maturation, reduced cellularity, and reduced expression of the pathogenic Gαs variant in FD lesions after RANKL inhibition. RNA sequencing of human and mouse tissue supported these findings. The interaction between osteoclasts and mutant osteoprogenitors was further assessed in an ex vivo lesion model, which indicated that the proliferation of abnormal FD osteoprogenitors was dependent on osteoclasts. The results from this study demonstrated that, in addition to its expected antiosteoclastic effect, denosumab reduces FD lesion activity by decreasing FD cell proliferation and increasing osteogenic maturation, leading to increased bone formation within lesions. These findings highlight the unappreciated role of cellular crosstalk between osteoclasts and preosteoblasts/osteoblasts as a driver of FD pathology and demonstrate a novel mechanism of action of denosumab in the treatment of bone disease.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03571191
Deep learning models incorporating endogenous factors beyond DNA sequences improve the prediction accuracy of base editing outcomes
Authors: Yuan Tanglong , Wu Leilei , Li Shiyan , Zheng Jitan , Li Nana , Xiao Xiao , Zhang Haihang , Fei Tianyi , Xie Long , Zuo Zhenrui , Li Di , Huang Pinzheng , Feng Hu , Cao Yaqi , Yan Nana , Wei Xinming , Shi Lei , Sun Yongsen , Wei Wu , Sun Yidi , Zuo Erwei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdenine base editors (ABEs) and cytosine base editors (CBEs) enable the single nucleotide editing of targeted DNA sites avoiding generation of double strand breaks, however, the genomic features that influence the outcomes of base editing in vivo still remain to be characterized. High-throughput datasets from lentiviral integrated libraries were used to investigate the sequence features affecting base editing outcomes, but the effects of endogenous factors beyond the DNA sequences are still largely unknown. Here the base editing outcomes of ABE and CBE were evaluated in mammalian cells for 5012 endogenous genomic sites and 11,868 genome-integrated target sequences, with 4654 genomic sites sharing the same target sequences. The comparative analyses revealed that the editing outcomes of ABE and CBE at endogenous sites were substantially different from those obtained using genome-integrated sequences. We found that the base editing efficiency at endogenous target sites of both ABE and CBE was influenced by endogenous factors, including epigenetic modifications and transcriptional activity. A deep-learning algorithm referred as BE_Endo, was developed based on the endogenous factors and sequence information from our genomic datasets, and it yielded unprecedented accuracy in predicting the base editing outcomes. These findings along with the developed computational algorithms may facilitate future application of BEs for scientific research and clinical gene therapy.
Effect of adalimumab on choroidal thickness and choroidal vascularity index in eyes with non-infectious uveitis using enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography
Authors: Evereklioglu Cem , Er Arslantas Elif , Sener Hidayet , Akkul Zeynep , Gahramanov Kamran , Gulmez Sevim Duygu , Polat Osman Ahmet , Horozoglu Fatih 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the effect of adalimumab (ADA) on choroidal thickness (ChT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in eyes with non-infectious uveitis (NIU).

Methods
Thirty-seven eyes with NIU including Behçet disease (BD), sarcoidosis, ankylosing spondylitis (AS), juvenile idiopathic arthritis and idiopathic arthritis, 38 eyes of non-uveitic (NU) patients including BD, AS and rheumatoid arthritis, and 40 healthy control eyes were included. ADA was used for anti-TNF-naive adult (80 mg) or paediatric (40 mg) patients with refractory NIU, then 40 mg every 2-week (20 mg in children<30 kg) with controls at weeks 1, 4, 12, and 24. Images were used to measure central, nasal, and temporal ChT, and the luminal area (LA), stromal area, and total choroidal area (TCA) were analysed using enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) by ImageJ software. The CVI was then calculated as the ratio of LA to TCA.

Results
Mean ages were similar between the groups. Mean (SE) subfoveal ChT measurements for each location were also similar (for each, p > 0.05). However, calculated CVI values in eyes with NIU (0.63 ± 0.007) were significantly (p < 0.001) lower than NU eyes (0.66 ± 0.006) and controls (0.70 ± 0.007) (p < 0.001). Moreover, CVI was significantly lower in NU eyes compared to controls (p < 0.001). There were no significant CVI changes between the consecutive visits after ADA therapy in eyes with NIU (for each, p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Decreased CVI in NIU and NU eyes indicates that systemic inflammation affects the choroidal vasculature and perfusion both in the presence and absence of ocular involvement. Although CVI may be used as a possible novel tool in monitoring ocular involvement and progression of NIU, CVI does not seem to be a biomarker for treatment monitoring in NIU.
Regulatory T cells use heparanase to access IL-2 bound to extracellular matrix in inflamed tissue
Authors: Martinez Hunter A. , Koliesnik Ievgen , Kaber Gernot , Reid Jacqueline K. , Nagy Nadine , Barlow Graham , Falk Ben A. , Medina Carlos O. , Hargil Aviv , Zihsler Svenja , Vlodavsky Israel , Li Jin-Ping , Pérez-Cruz Magdiel , Tang Sai-Wen , Meyer Everett H. , Wrenshall Lucile E. , Lord James D. , Garcia K. Christopher , Palmer Theo D. , Steinman Lawrence , Nepom Gerald T. , Wight Thomas N. , Bollyky Paul L. , Kuipers Hedwich F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough FOXP3+regulatory T cells (Treg) depend on IL-2 produced by other cells for their survival and function, the levels of IL-2 in inflamed tissue are low, making it unclear how Treg access this critical resource. Here, we show that Treg use heparanase (HPSE) to access IL-2 sequestered by heparan sulfate (HS) within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of inflamed central nervous system tissue. HPSE expression distinguishes human and murine Treg from conventional T cells and is regulated by the availability of IL-2. HPSE-/-Treg have impaired stability and function in vivo, including in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Conversely, endowing monoclonal antibody-directed chimeric antigen receptor (mAbCAR) Treg with HPSE enhances their ability to access HS-sequestered IL-2 and their ability to suppress neuroinflammation in vivo. Together, these data identify a role for HPSE and the ECM in immune tolerance, providing new avenues for improving Treg-based therapy of autoimmunity.
Historical changes in wind-driven ocean circulation drive pattern of Pacific warming
Authors: Fu Shuo , Hu Shineng , Zheng Xiao-Tong , McMonigal Kay , Larson Sarah , Tian Yiqun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe tropical Pacific warming pattern since the 1950s exhibits two warming centers in the western Pacific (WP) and eastern Pacific (EP), encompassing an equatorial central Pacific (CP) cooling and a hemispheric asymmetry in the subtropical EP. The underlying mechanisms of this warming pattern remain debated. Here, we conduct ocean heat decompositions of two coupled model large ensembles to unfold the role of wind-driven ocean circulation. When wind changes are suppressed, historical radiative forcing induces a subtropical northeastern Pacific warming, thus causing a hemispheric asymmetry that extends toward the tropical WP. The tropical EP warming is instead induced by the cross-equatorial winds associated with the hemispheric asymmetry, and its driving mechanism is southward warm Ekman advection due to the off-equatorial westerly wind anomalies around 5°N, not vertical thermocline adjustment. Climate models fail to capture the observed CP cooling, suggesting an urgent need to better simulate equatorial oceanic processes and thermal structures.