bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anästhesie bei Aortenklappenstenose
Authors: Billig Sebastian , Hein Marc , Uhlig Moritz , Schumacher David , Thudium Marcus , Coburn Mark , Weisheit Christina K. 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Aortenklappenstenose ist eine häufige Erkrankung, die dem behandelnden Anästhesisten profundes Wissen über die Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und die perioperativen Besonderheiten der Erkrankung abverlangt. Eine neu aufgetretene Aortenklappenstenose wird vielfach erst durch klinische Leitsymptome (Dyspnoe, Synkopen, Angina pectoris) bzw. einen auffälligen Auskultationsbefund im Rahmen der anästhesiologischen Prämedikationsvisite entdeckt und erfordert ein interdisziplinäres Management, um die optimale Behandlung der Patienten im perioperativen Setting zu gewährleisten. Für die individuelle Auswahl des Anästhesieverfahrens ist eine präzise Befunderhebung im Rahmen der Prämedikationsvisite erforderlich, und darüber hinaus eine genaue Kenntnis der hämodynamischen Besonderheiten der Aortenklappenstenose. Der folgende Übersichtsartikel führt nach einer kurzen Rekapitulation der allgemeinen Pathophysiologie der Erkrankung durch die anästhesiologischen Besonderheiten, die Risikofaktoren für Komplikationen und das perioperative Management bei nichtkardiochirurgischen Operationen von Patienten mit Aortenklappenstenose.
Surveillance of the liver in type 2 diabetes: important but unfeasible?
Authors: Qadri Sami , Yki-Järvinen Hannele 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFatty liver plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. According to an updated classification, any individual with liver steatosis and one or more features of the metabolic syndrome, without excess alcohol consumption or other known causes of steatosis, has metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Up to 60–70% of all individuals with type 2 diabetes have MASLD. However, the prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis in type 2 diabetes remains uncertain, with reported estimates of 10–20% relying on imaging tests and likely overestimating the true prevalence. All stages of MASLD impact prognosis but fibrosis is the best predictor of all-cause and liver-related mortality risk. People with type 2 diabetes face a two- to threefold increase in the risk of liver-related death and hepatocellular carcinoma, with 1.3% progressing to severe liver disease over 7.7 years. Because reliable methods for detecting steatosis are lacking, MASLD mostly remains an incidental finding on imaging. Regardless, several medical societies advocate for universal screening of individuals with type 2 diabetes for advanced fibrosis. Proposed screening pathways involve annual calculation of the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, followed by a secondary test such as transient elastography (TE) for intermediate-to-high-risk individuals. However, owing to unsatisfactory biomarker specificity, these pathways are expected to channel approximately 40% of all individuals with type 2 diabetes to TE and 20% to tertiary care, with a false discovery rate of up to 80%, raising concerns about feasibility. There is thus an urgent need to develop more effective strategies for surveying the liver in type 2 diabetes. Nonetheless, weight loss through lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy or bariatric surgery remains the cornerstone of management, proving highly effective not only for metabolic comorbidities but also for MASLD. Emerging evidence suggests that fibrosis biomarkers may serve as tools for risk-based targeting of weight-loss interventions and potentially for monitoring response to therapy.
Graphical Abstract
Functional interactions between coat structure and colour in the determination of solar heat load on arid living kangaroos in summer: balancing crypsis and thermoregulation
Authors: Dawson Terence J. , Maloney Shane K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInteractions of solar radiation with mammal fur are complex. Reflection of radiation in the visible spectrum provides colour that has various roles, including sexual display and crypsis, i.e., camouflage. Radiation that is absorbed by a fur coat is converted to heat, a proportion of which impacts on the skin. Not all absorption occurs at the coat surface, and some radiation penetrates the coat before being absorbed, particularly in lighter coats. In studies on this phenomenon in kangaroos, we found that two arid zone species with the thinnest coats had similar effective heat load, despite markedly different solar reflectances. These kangaroos were Red Kangaroos (Osphranter rufus) and Western Grey Kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus).Here we examine the connections between heat flow patterns associated with solar radiation, and the physical structure of these coats. Also noted are the impacts of changing wind speed. The modulation of solar radiation and resultant heat flows in these coats were measured at wind speeds from 1 to 10 m s−1 by mounting them on a heat flux transducer/temperature-controlled plate apparatus in a wind tunnel. A lamp with a spectrum like solar radiation was used as a proxy for the sun. The integrated reflectance across the solar spectrum was higher in the red kangaroos (40 ± 2%) than in the grey kangaroos (28 ± 1%). Fur depth and insulation were not different between the two species, but differences occurred in fibre structure, notably in fibre length, fibre density and fibre shape. Patterns of heat flux within the species’ coats occurred despite no overall difference in effective solar heat load. We consider that an overarching need for crypsis, particularly for the more open desert-adapted red kangaroo, has led to the complex adaptations that retard the penetrance of solar radiation into its more reflective fur.
Exploring substitution random functions composed of stationary multi-Gaussian processes
Authors: Straubhaar Julien , Renard Philippe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSimulation of random fields is widely used in Earth sciences for modeling and uncertainty quantification. The spatial features of these fields may have a strong impact on the forecasts made using these fields. For instance, in flow and transport problems the connectivity of the permeability fields is a crucial aspect. Multi-Gaussian random fields are the most common tools to analyze and model continuous fields. Their spatial correlation structure is described by a covariance or variogram model. However, these types of spatial models are unable to represent highly or poorly connected structures even if a broad range of covariance models can be employed. With this type of model, the regions with values close to the mean are always well connected whereas the regions of low or high values are isolated. Substitution random functions (SRFs) belong to another broad class of random functions that are more flexible. SRFs are constructed by composing ($$Z=Y\circ T$$

Z
=
Y
∘
T

) two stochastic processes: the directing function T (latent field) and the coding process Y (modifying the latent field in a stochastic manner). In this paper, we study the properties of SRFs obtained by combining stationary multi-Gaussian random fields for both T and Y with bounded variograms. The resulting SRFs Z are stationary, but as T has a finite variance Z is not ergodic for the mean and the covariance. This means that single realizations behave differently from each other. We propose a simple technique to control which values (low, intermediate, or high) are connected. It consists of adding a control point on the process Y to guide every single realization. The conditioning to local values is obtained using a Gibbs sampler.
Inconsistency between Human Observation and Deep Learning Models: Assessing Validity of Postmortem Computed Tomography Diagnosis of Drowning
Authors: Zeng Yuwen , Zhang Xiaoyong , Wang Jiaoyang , Usui Akihito , Ichiji Kei , Bukovsky Ivo , Chou Shuoyan , Funayama Masato , Homma Noriyasu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDrowning diagnosis is a complicated process in the autopsy, even with the assistance of autopsy imaging and the on-site information from where the body was found. Previous studies have developed well-performed deep learning (DL) models for drowning diagnosis. However, the validity of the DL models was not assessed, raising doubts about whether the learned features accurately represented the medical findings observed by human experts. In this paper, we assessed the medical validity of DL models that had achieved high classification performance for drowning diagnosis. This retrospective study included autopsy cases aged 8–91 years who underwent postmortem computed tomography between 2012 and 2021 (153 drowning and 160 non-drowning cases). We first trained three deep learning models from a previous work and generated saliency maps that highlight important features in the input. To assess the validity of models, pixel-level annotations were created by four radiological technologists and further quantitatively compared with the saliency maps. All the three models demonstrated high classification performance with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.94, 0.97, and 0.98, respectively. On the other hand, the assessment results revealed unexpected inconsistency between annotations and models’ saliency maps. In fact, each model had, respectively, around 30%, 40%, and 80% of irrelevant areas in the saliency maps, suggesting the predictions of the DL models might be unreliable. The result alerts us in the careful assessment of DL tools, even those with high classification performance.
Systematic Study on the Microstructures of Biomedical Co–20Cr–15W–10Ni Alloys with Carbon Contents Ranging from 0 to 0.2 mass pct
Authors: Friandani Sukma Suci , Ueda Kyosuke , Narushima Takayuki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHerein, the effect of carbon content on the microstructures of Co–20Cr–15W–10Ni (mass pct, CCWN) alloys was systematically studied. For this, CCWN alloys with carbon contents of 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 mass pct, i.e., 0C, 0.05C, 0.10C, and 0.20C alloys, respectively, were prepared using an induction melting furnace. The as-cast alloys were solution treated at 1523 K for 7.2 ks, followed by cold swaging and heat treatment at 1173 K–1473 K for 0.15–7.2 ks. Consequently, η-phase (M6C-M12C type, M: metallic element) precipitates were detected in the as-cast 0.10C and 0.20C alloys, whereas no precipitates were observed in the 0C and 0.05C alloys. These precipitates were dissolved via a solution treatment. After cold swaging, the ε-phase formed through a strain-induced martensitic transformation in the 0C and 0.05C alloys. Following heat treatment, a single γ-phase matrix was observed in all the alloys, and μ-phase (Co7W6-type) and η-phase precipitates were observed in the 0C and carbon-added alloys, respectively. The precipitation temperature range of the η-phase increased with increasing carbon content. The stability of the precipitates qualitatively conformed with that of the calculated phase diagram. This is the first paper that reports the microstructural changes in CCWN alloys with varying carbon contents.
Via burgers de beste manier ontdekken om eenzaamheid te bestrijden
Authors: van Leersum Catharina M. , Ottink Jeroen 
Published: February 2024

Samenvatting
Inleiding
Eenzaamheid is een gezondheidsprobleem dat van invloed is op het dagelijks leven van de betrokkene. Vernauwing van het sociale netwerk is een van de oorzaken van eenzaamheid, een probleem voor veel ouderen. Het is nodig om de bewustwording rond eenzaamheid te vergroten en om eenzaamheid te bestrijden. Dit onderzoek had als doel om samen met oudere inwoners en vrijwilligers uit Nijverdal, Rossum, Albergen en Glanerbrug inzicht te vergroten in methoden van burgerwetenschap om eenzame ouderen te bereiken en eenzaamheid te bestrijden.

Methode
In dit onderzoek is gebruikgemaakt van burgerwetenschap, wetenschappelijk onderzoek waarbij burgeronderzoekers en professionele onderzoekers actief samenwerken. In samenwerking met ouderen, vrijwilligers en andere partners in de vier Twentse gemeenten zijn verschillende onderzoeken opgezet en uitgevoerd, in de vorm van bijvoorbeeld interviews, groepsbijeenkomsten, photovoice-discussies en evaluatiegesprekken. Aan de hand van de resultaten hebben vrijwilligers activiteiten georganiseerd met de ouderen. Met een inductieve gegevensanalyse kwamen verschillende thema’s naar voren: eenzaamheid, het bereiken van eenzame ouderen, motivaties om aan vrijwilligerswerk te doen of deel te nemen aan burgerwetenschap, en de invloed van vrijwilligerswerk of burgerwetenschap op eenzaamheid.

Resultaten
Wanneer ouderen, vrijwilligers en onderzoekers samenwerken in de vorm van burgerwetenschap is het noodzakelijk om een vertrouwensrelatie op te bouwen en een persoonlijke aanpak te realiseren.

Conclusie
Burgerwetenschap kan als methode bijdragen aan eenzaamheidsbestrijding doordat ze het mogelijk maakt eenzame ouderen te bereiken en te betrekken.
Relationship between cognitive function and weight-adjusted waist index in people ≥ 60 years old in NHANES 2011–2014
Authors: Wang Xue-li , Feng Hong-lin , Xu Xiao-zhuo , Liu Jing , Han Xu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Widespread attention has been given to the detrimental effects of obesity on cognitive function. However, there is no evidence on the connection between low cognitive performance and the WWI (weight-adjusted waist index). This study looked into the connection between poor cognitive performance and the WWI in senior Americans.

Methods
A cross-sectional research study was carried out with information from the NHANES 2011–2014. With multivariate linear regression models, the pertinence between the WWI and low cognitive function in persons older than 60 years was examined. The nonlinear link was described using threshold effect analyses and fitted smoothed curves. Interaction tests and subgroup analysis were also conducted.

Results
The study had 2762 individuals in all, and subjects with higher WWI values were at greater risk for low cognitive function. In the completely adjusted model, the WWI was positively connected with low cognitive performance assessed by CERAD W-L (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.03–1.45, p = 0.0239), AFT (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.09–1.54, p = 0.0029), and DSST (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.30–1.94, p < 0.0001). The effect of each subgroup on the positive correlation between the WWI and low cognitive performance was not significant. The WWI and low cognitive performance as determined by CERAD W-L and AFT had a nonlinear connection (log-likelihood ratio < 0.05).

Conclusion
Among older adults in the United States, the risk of low cognitive performance may be positively related to the WWI.
Shapley-Shubik Agents Within Superstructure-Based Recycling Model: Circular Economy Approaches for Fish Waste Eco-Industrial Park
Authors: Tan Adeline Shu Ting , Uthayakumar Haripriyan , Yeo Lip Siang , Kong Karen Gah Hie , Lo Shirleen Lee Yuan , Andiappan Viknesh , Loy Adrian Chun Minh , Teng Sin Yong , How Bing Shen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe tremendous production of fish has resulted in an increased fish waste generation, which ultimately led to the current triple planetary crises on climate, biodiversity, and pollution. In this study, a Fish Waste-based Eco-Industrial Park (FWEIP) model is developed in an attempt to convert the linear economy in existing fish waste management into a circular economy model. Process Graph (P-graph) is used for combinatorial optimization to synthesize optimal FWEIP with the consideration of economic and environmental aspects. The model favors the production of biofuel using the gasification process (Rank 1) with a promising economic benefit of $2.28 million/y without proposing circular synergy within the FWEIP ecosystem. On the other hand, suboptimal solutions—suboptimal 1 (black soldier fly (BSF)) and suboptimal 2 (pyrolysis and gasification) solutions—exhibit gross profit of 17.98% and 24.12% lower than that of the optimal solution. Both suboptimal solutions offer greater circularity with self-sustaining resources (e.g., fish feed, chitosan, and energy). The sensitivity analysis indicates the potential debottlenecking of suboptimal 2 with the use of a catalyst to improve the conversion of bio-oil in the pyrolysis pathway and exhibits a gross profit of 22.54% higher than that of the optimal solution. Following the Shapley-Shubik power index analysis, the hydroponics facility is identified as the pivotal player for both optimal and suboptimal 2 cases with the exception of suboptimal 1 indicating both BSF and hydroponics as a pivotal player. In brief, this research provides the fish waste-based industry with insights and strategies for the implementation of a circular economy as a step toward sustainable development.
Sustainable degradation of ciprofloxacin in water by the electro-peroxone process via a graphite felt electrode system
Authors: Srinivasan Ramya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExcessive, unregulated usage and reckless disposal of antibiotics have led to the formation of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Additionally, untreated or partially treated pharmaceutical effluents are discharged into water bodies. With the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance across the globe, previously curable diseases are becoming challenging to handle due to the advent of superbugs. It is crucial to ensure complete treatment and removal of antibiotics and pharmaceuticals before discharging them into water bodies. Conventional treatment plants are not specialized in removing such complex, emerging contaminants. The advanced oxidation process is an emerging and promising treatment strategy for the abatement of emerging contaminants such as pharmaceutical compounds. This study explores an electrochemical advanced oxidation process, viz., electro-peroxone for treating ciprofloxacin, a model antibiotic drug. The electro-peroxone system houses electrodes of graphite felt that helps form hydrogen peroxide, an oxidant, in situ. The viability of the carbon-based graphite felt system in reactive oxygen species generation and ciprofloxacin degradation is investigated. A comparison of the electro-peroxone with two benchmark processes, namely, electrolysis and ozonation, is also carried out. Electro-peroxone and ozonation are both quite promising in removing the model contaminant. The in situ generation of H2O2 and •OH is estimated. This is a one-of-a-kind study involving graphite felt as both anode and cathode and achieves an in situ generation of H2O2 of 47 mg/L in 120 min and •OH of 140 µM within 60 min of electro-peroxone. Besides, the efficacy of the system in contaminant degradation is examined at voltammetric and galvanostatic modes of operation. Ozonation and electro-peroxone processes achieved an efficiency between 97% and complete removal of ciprofloxacin in less than an hour. This novel system generates several times higher hydrogen peroxide than the existing graphite electrode system, making it more efficient in radical generation and pollutant abatement. This graphite felt-based electro-peroxone system, on further optimization and up-scaling, can be a promising strategy for abating pharmaceutical compounds and effluents.
Graphical Abstract
Activated Opuntia ficus-indica as an efficient adsorbent for iodine and heavy metals Cr(III), Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions uptake for wastewater treatment
Authors: Alzharani Ahmed A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWater pollution by heavy metals or iodine is a serious environmental issue that poses a threat to human health and ecosystems. Therefore, there is a need for developing efficient and low-cost methods for removing heavy metals and iodine from water sources. Activated Opuntia ficus-indica (AOFI) has been used for various purposes such as food, medicine, cosmetics, biofuel, and soil stabilization. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using AOFI as an adsorbent for removing heavy metals; e.g. Cr(III), Pb(II), and Cu(II) and iodine from water. The leaves of AOFI that were collected from Al-Baha city, KSA, were carbonized and characterized using FTIR spectroscopy and TGA analysis. Then uptake experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of various parameters such as pH, contact time, initial concentration, and temperature on the removal uptake by AOFI. Also the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the adsorption process had been calculated. The adsorption capacity of AOFI and OFI against iodine, Cr(III), Pb(II), and Cu(II) had been calculated. The results showed that; AOFI has adsorption capacity 1.14, 1.14, and 1.16 times higher than OFI, for Cr(III), Pb(II), and Cu(II), respectively, and 1.05 times higher than OFI, for iodine uptake. The findings indicated that AOFI exhibited remarkable efficacy in the metal ions uptake, achieving uptake efficiency up to 70%. Additionally, AOFI demonstrated notable efficiency in iodine uptake, reaching up to 60%. These results underscore the high uptake efficiency of AOFI for both metal ions and iodine, emphasizing its potential as an effective adsorbent for water treatment applications. This study is novel because it is the first to report the adsorption of heavy metals; such as Cr(III), Pb(II), and Cu(II) and iodine by AOFI.
Spatial disparities in risk management in China: application of the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Jiang Xinyu , Wang Xiaotong , Sun Yingying , Yang Lijiao , Lv Zuheng , Samaddar Subhajyoti 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe application of risk management strategies is a common approach in emergency response scenarios. However, scant knowledge exists regarding its utilization in the specific context of an outbreak, both theoretically and practically. This study delves into the realm of risk management during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on four key measurements: risk avoidance (RA), risk reduction (RD), risk transfer (RT), and risk retention (RR). Using 800 valid responses collected from 31 provinces across China between August 1 and September 30, 2020, this study investigates spatial disparities in individuals’ intentions towards risk management. To achieve this, an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behavior (E-TPB) is applied. The Structural Equation Model’s path analyses revealed several findings: (1) discernible spatial disparities in RR, RA, and RD intentions between large and small cities; (2) RD and RR intentions were significantly associated with attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and risk perception; (3) RA and RT intentions were significantly associated with attitude and risk perception; (4) risk perception exihibiting both direct and indirect effects on RA and RR intentions. This study contributs to the urban studies literature by extending the theoretical framework of risk management in the context of COVID-19. It enhances the measurement tools employed in the TPB model and scrutinizes spatial disparities in the adoption of preventative measures against COVID-19. The findings underscore the importance for local policymakers to consider geographical differences when formulating effective strategies for COVID-19 prevention.