bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olfaction in essential tremor patients with and without isolated rest tremor
Authors: Louis Elan D. , Jurewicz Eva C. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAn olfactory deficit is present in patients with essential tremor (ET), but it is often milder than that in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). In both, the deficit occurs early in the disease. Isolated rest tremor without other signs of parkinsonism can occur in patients with ET. If the rest tremor in these patients represents a manifestation of ET rather than early PD, we hypothesized that their University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) scores would be similar to those of ET patients without rest tremor. The mean UPSIT score in 13 ET patients with isolated rest tremor did not differ from that of 58 ET patients without rest tremor (29.3 ± 4.3 vs. 29.4 ± 6.4; P = 0.69). Several ET patients with rest tremor had UPSIT scores that fell outside of the range that is seen in 95% of patients with PD. These data raise the possibility that some ET patients with isolated rest tremor may not have early PD and that the pathological process that is responsible for their ET is also involving the basal ganglia. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Rapidly progressive parkinsonism in a self‐reported user of Ecstasy and other drugs
Authors: O'Suilleabhain Padraig , Giller Cole 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA 38‐year‐old man developed parkinsonism that progressed to Hoehn and Yahr stage 5 within 4 years of onset. Response to ropinirole deteriorated, levodopa was not tolerated, and subthalamic nucleus stimulation has provided only partial relief of symptoms. He reported heavy use of Ecstasy through most of his twenties and thirties. His neurological problems may be unrelated to his drug use, but it is also possible they represent an idiosyncratic reaction. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Application of the model‐free approach to low molecular weight systems with hindered internal rotation: cinnamoylmesitylene
Authors: Denkova Pavletta S. , Dimitrov Valentin S. , Bakalova Snezhana M. , Kaneti Jose , Danov Krassimir 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe investigated the molecular dynamics of the molecule of cinnamoylmesitylene, a substituted chalcone. Known rotation barriers for the OC‐4—C‐3C‐2 bond of substituted chalcones are in the range of values accessible to modern NMR techniques. The internal rotation about the C‐3—C‐4 bond is found to be fast relative to the complete lineshape analysis (CLSA) time‐scale. To determine the activation parameters of overall and internal motions of the molecule, the Lipari–Szabo model‐free analysis of the relaxation times and heteronuclear NOE data was used instead. Simultaneous analysis of both heteronuclear spin–lattice relaxation times and NOE data for the two carbon atoms C‐2 and C‐7 in the OC‐4—C‐3C‐2 and mesitylene fragments at different temperatures was performed. The correlation times and activation energies of overall and internal motions and the generalized order parameter, which are measures of the molecular mobility, were thus determined. The standard enthalpies of activation, ΔH≠, calculated from the experimental data for C‐2 and C‐7, are 5.6 and 6.6 kcal mol−1, respectively. Theoretical estimates of the barriers to internal rotations by ab initio MO calculations were made to verify the experimental results. The agreement between the NMR and theoretical results was good. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solid‐state NMR studies of 1,3‐imidazolidine‐2‐selenone and some related compounds
Authors: Wazeer Mohamed I. M. , Isab Anvarhusein A. , Perzanowski Herman P. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSolid‐state cross‐polarization magic angle spinning 13C, 77Se and 15N NMR spectra were recorded for 1,3‐imidazolidine‐2‐selenone, its N‐substituted derivatives and some related compounds. The spinning sideband manifold intensities were used to obtain principal values of 13C and 77Se chemical shift tensors. Large selenium chemical shift anisotropies were observed for these selenones. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytokines, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules in inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Figarella‐Branger Dominique , Civatte Muriel , Bartoli Catherine , Pellissier Jean‐François 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe inflammatory myopathies include dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), and sporadic inclusion‐body myositis (s‐IBM). In DM, the main immune effector response appears to be humoral and directed against the microvasculature, whereas in both PM and s‐IBM, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and macrophages invade and eventually destroy nonnecrotic muscle fibers expressing major histocompatibility complex class I. The need for more specific and safer therapies in inflammatory myopathies has prompted researchers to better decipher the molecular events associated with inflammation and muscle fiber loss in these diseases. The complex specific migration of leukocyte subsets to target tissues requires a coordinated series of events, namely activation of leukocytes, adhesion to the vascular endothelium, and migration. Cell adhesion molecules (CAM) and chemokines play a major role in this multistep process. In addition, cytokines by stimulating CAM expression and orchestrating T‐cell differentiation also influence the immune response. This review focuses on recent advances in defining the molecular events involved in leukocyte trafficking in inflammatory myopathies. Specific topics include a concise summary of clinical features, pathological findings and immunopathology observed in inflammatory myopathies, background information about cytokines, chemokines and cell adhesion molecules, and the expression of these molecules in inflammatory myopathies. Muscle Nerve 28: 659–682, 2003
Isolated compression of the pectoral nerve resulting in atrophy of the major pectoral muscle
Authors: Gardetto Alexander , Thaler Claudia , Kiechl Stefan , Maurer Herbert , Piza‐Katzer Hildegunde 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe report on two cases of isolated damage to a muscle branch of the lateral pectoral nerve. Diagnosis was established by the clinical presentation and electromyographic examination. In the few reported cases of such injuries, the cause was trauma to this region. However, in both of our patients, focal muscle atrophy gradually developed after initiation of training schedules to increase the cross‐section of the major pectoral muscle; we therefore assume that compression injury to the nerve by repetitive muscle contractions may be of pathogenic relevance. Anatomical studies of this region showed that the nerve branches of the lateral pectoral nerve, having to pierce through a connective tissue septum that is thicker here by a few millimeters, may be subjected to additional risk of compression. Early recognition and treatment are vital to prevent associated morbidity of these rare but serious injuries. Muscle Nerve 28: 760–763, 2003
Management standards and development practice in the South African aid chain
Authors: Bornstein Lisa 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe article addresses how South African non‐governmental organisations (NGOs) approach the management of their development activities and the influences upon their approaches. Based on interviews, field visits and programme documents from 40 organisations working in South Africa, the article explores the extent to which NGO programme priorities and adopted management practices arise out of donor conditions, succeed in their stated aims and generate other unintended consequences. Four aspects of contemporary NGO management dynamics are explored: logical frameworks, participatory processes, impact enhancement and financial probity. While donor requirements in these four areas generally impose heavy costs on South African NGOs and poorly achieve their stated aims, the research documents cases, in which local managers were able to work effectively and learn within these constraints, found ways around the more intrusive requirements, or challenged donors to change their policies to permit more equitable donor‐recipient relationships and better development practice. However, an unintended impact of tighter funding requirements is an observable differentiation within the South African NGO sector, with smaller community‐based organisations excluded as larger professional organisations establish more enduring links with international development organisations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Approach to the study of C‐glycosyl flavones by ion trap HPLC‐PAD‐ESI/MS/MS: application to seeds of quince (Cydonia oblonga)
Authors: Ferreres Federico , Silva Branca M. , Andrade Paula B. , Seabra Rosa M. , Ferreira Margarida A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIon trap HPLC‐PAD‐ESI/MS/MS has been used to study C‐glycosyl ﬂavones in quince seeds. Comparative analysis of the ions [(M‐H)‐60]−, [(M‐H)‐90]− and [(M‐H)‐120]− from 6‐C‐ and 8‐C‐glycosyl ﬂavone isomers, together with their respective retention times, allowed deductions to be made about the nature of the sugar units and the positions of C‐glycosylation. Vicenin‐2 (6,8‐di‐C‐glucosyl apigenin), lucenin‐2 (6,8‐di‐C‐glucosyl luteolin), stellarin‐2 (6,8‐di‐C‐glucosyl chrysoeriol), isoschaftoside (6‐C‐arabinosyl‐8‐C‐glucosyl apigenin), schaftoside (6‐C‐glucosyl‐8‐C‐arabinosyl apigenin), 6‐C‐pentosyl‐8‐C‐glucosyl chrysoeriol and 6‐C‐glucosyl‐8‐C‐pentosyl chrysoeriol were identiﬁed in quince seed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Software validation for medical device manufacturing
Authors: Jones Randy D. , Stalling David L. , Davis Jon , Jurkovich Patrick , LaPointe Kirk 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe recent guidance on 21 CFR 11, the upcoming deadline for European CE Marking, and the needs of quality system regulation (QSR) have generated much discussion about approaches to software validation. In this article, a view of software validation by the design team of a QSR medical device manufacturer of precision glycohemoglobin/hemoglobin variant high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instrument platforms is provided. The software includes manufacturing, accounting and customer modules in one application. The unique aspect of this manufacturer's approach was to start with a risk analysis and a quality assurance audit plan to check software modules. The article also shows how a quality assurance unit should be prepared to contribute regulatory expertise for software validations that incorporate GMP, ICH, GLP, ISO and accounting standards. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A geometric approach to robust performance of parametric uncertain systems
Authors: Bondia J. , Picó J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA new approach for the robust performance problem for parametric uncertain systems is presented. Contrary to the classical approach, where specifications must be given in the frequency domain, this approach allows to deal with classical time specifications such as bounds on the overshoot, settling time and steady state error, which are matched to an uncertain reference model. Controller synthesis is then formulated as a set inclusion problem with a clear geometrical interpretation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ℋ︁∞filtering for discrete‐time linear systems with Markovian jumping parameters†
Authors: de Souza Carlos E. , Fragoso Marcelo D. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis paper investigates the problem of ℋ︁∞filtering for discrete‐time linear systems with Markovian jumping parameters. It is assumed that the jumping parameter is available. This paper develops necessary and sufficient conditions for designing a discrete‐time Markovian jump linear filter which ensures a prescribed bound on the ℓ2‐induced gain from the noise signals to the estimation error. The proposed filter design is given in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust inverse optimal control laws for nonlinear systems
Authors: El‐Farra Nael H. , Christofides Panagiotis D. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis work proposes a robust inverse optimal controller design for a class of nonlinear systems with bounded, time‐varying uncertain variables. The basic idea is that of re‐shaping the scalar nonlinear gain of anLgVcontroller, based on Sontag's formula, so as to guarantee certain uncertainty attenuation properties in the closed‐loop system. The proposed gain re‐shaping is shown to yield a control law that enforces global boundedness of the closed‐loop trajectories, robust asymptotic output tracking with an arbitrary degree of attenuation of the effect of uncertainty on the output, and inverse optimality with respect to a meaningful cost that penalizes the tracking error and the control action. The performance of the control law is illustrated through a simulation example and compared with other controller designs. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microglial activation state and lysophospholipid acid receptor expression
Authors: Tham Chui‐Se , Lin Fen‐Fen , Rao Tadimeti S. , Yu Naichen , Webb Michael 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe used a simple commercial magnetic immunobead method for the preparation of acutely isolated microglial cells from postnatal days 1–3 rat brain. With the exception of a 15 min enzyme incubation, all stages are carried out at 4 °C, minimizing the opportunity for changes in gene expression during the isolation to be reflected in changes in accumulated mRNA. The composition of the isolated cells was compared with that of microglial cultures prepared by conventional tissue culture methods, and the purity of microglia was comparable between the two preparations. RT‐PCR analysis of several genes related to inflammatory products indicated that the acutely prepared cells were in a less activated condition than the conventionally tissue cultured cells. We examined the pattern of expression of receptors for lysophosphatidic acid (lpa) and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) using quantitative real‐time PCR (TaqMan PCR) techniques. mRNA for LPA1, S1P1, S1P2, S1P3 and S1P5 was detected in these preparations, but the levels of the different receptor mRNAs varied according to the state of activation of the cells. mRNA for LPA3 was only detected significantly in cultured cell after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, being almost absent in cultured microglia and undetectable in the acutely isolated preparations. The levels of mRNA of LPA1 and S1P receptors was reduced by overnight exposure to S1P, while the same treatment significantly up‐regulated the level of LPA3 mRNA.
Engineering an online course: applying the ‘secrets’ of computer programming to course development
Authors: Ellis Timothy J. , Hafner William 
Published: November 2003

AbstractColleges and universities are increasingly migrating towards utilising the World Wide Web to convey at least part of, and in many cases, their entire curricular offering. Despite this trend there is little support for the professors responsible for translating courses refined over a career in the classroom for delivery via the Web. Teachers who are experts in their subject area and masters of their craft when in a classroom find themselves in the uncomfortable position of having to relearn how to teach in a new environment with little or no support. Development of an online course is, in many significant aspects, analogous to developing a computer product. The procedures and tools utilised in the software engineering field to manage computer software development, therefore, offer promise for developing online courses. This paper explores the potential of one process developed for the software engineering field—the System Development Lifecycle (SDL)—as a tool to effectively design and develop online college courses.
Fixed nucleotide differences on the Y chromosome indicate clear divergence between Equus przewalskii and Equus caballus
Authors: Wallner B. , Brem G. , Müller M. , Achmann R. 
Published: November 2003

SummaryThe phylogenetic relationship between Equus przewalskii and E. caballus is often a matter of debate. Although these taxa have different chromosome numbers, they do not form monophyletic clades in a phylogenetic tree based on mtDNA sequences. Here we report sequence variation from five newly identified Y chromosome regions of the horse. Two fixed nucleotide differences on the Y chromosome clearly display Przewalski's horse and domestic horse as sister taxa. At both positions the Przewalski's horse haplotype shows the ancestral state, in common with the members of the zebra/ass lineage. We discuss the factors that may have led to the differences in mtDNA and Y‐chromosomal observations.
Detection of QTL for immune response to sheep red blood cells in laying hens
Authors: Siwek M. , Cornelissen S. J. B. , Nieuwland M. G. B. , Buitenhuis A. J. , Bovenhuis H. , Crooijmans R. P. M. A. , Groenen M. A. M. , de Vries‐Reilingh G. , Parmentier H. K. , Van Der Poel J. J. 
Published: November 2003

SummaryThe aim of this study is to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in the regulation of the primary and the secondary immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in a resource population using microsatellite DNA markers. The F2 resource population originates from a cross of two divergently selected lines for either high (H line) or low (L line) primary antibody response to SRBC. The F2 population consisted of six half‐sib families, three families per each of reciprocal crosses. Total antibody titres to SRBC were determined by agglutination in serum from all birds. F2, F1 and F0 generations were genotyped for 170 microsatellite markers, using a whole‐genome scan approach. The half‐sib and the line‐cross analyses were performed to determine QTL regions associated with regulation of the immune response. In the half‐sib analysis, four QTL for SRBC primary response have been identified: on GGA3, GGA5, GGA16 and GGA23. No QTL was identified for SRBC secondary response under the half‐sib model. In the line‐cross analysis, three QTL were identified on GGA10, GGA16 and GGA27 for SRBC primary response and five QTL were identified on GGA6, GGA9, GGA15, GGA16 and GGA27 for SRBC secondary response. Subsequently, the family contribution of individual families to the QTL was analysed. The family with the largest contribution was genotyped with additional microsatellite markers in the QTL region on GGA5. The extended half‐sib analysis with additional genotype information results in narrowing down the QTL region on GGA5.
Protective effect of exogenous administration of α‐tocopherol in middle cerebral artery occlusion model of cerebral ischemia in rats
Authors: Chaudhary Geeta , Sinha Kusum , Gupta Y.K. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractOxidative stress due to increased free radical generation and depletion of endogenous antioxidants have been implicated in ischemia–reperfusion‐induced neuronal injury. The present study was carried out to study the effect of acute administration of α‐tocopherol in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model of stroke in rats. Rats were anesthetized using chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg i.p.) and subjected to 2 h of transient MCA occlusion. α‐Tocopherol was administered at the dose of 125 and 250 mg/kg orally 1 h prior to the occlusion of MCA. Motor performance test (grip test, foot fault test, rotarod performance test, spontaneous locomotor activity), markers of oxidative stress and 2,3,5‐triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining were carried out 24 h after MCA occlusion. A vehicle‐treated group was run parallel. It was observed that α‐tocopherol at the dose of 125 mg/kg neither improved neurologic deficit, nor decreased the raised level of oxidative stress markers in comparison with the MCA‐occluded rats. However, higher dose of α‐tocopherol (250 mg/kg p.o.) afforded significant protection as evident by increase in motor performance tests and a decrease in the volume of infarction. The raised levels of malondialdehyde after MCA occlusion were also significantly attenuated. The results demonstrate that exogenous administration of α‐tocopherol is able to reduce the neuronal damage caused during ischemia–reperfusion, which can be attributed to its antioxidant activity.
The effect of pretreatments on the drying rate and quality of dried bananas
Authors: Dandamrongrak Rak , Mason Richard , Young Gordon 
Published: November 2003

SummaryThe effects that four pretreatments (blanching, chilling, freezing, and combined blanching and freezing), used prior to drying, had on the drying rate and quality of bananas were investigated. An untreated sample was used as a control. The bananas were dried at 50 °C in a heat pump dehumidifier dryer, using an air velocity of 3.1 m s−1, until a final moisture content of approximately 25% dry weight basis was attained. While the initial drying rate was highest for the blanched treatment, the two pretreatments involving freezing resulted in the shortest drying times. The blanched sample was most preferred in terms of colour while the frozen samples exhibited extensive browning. The texture and flavour was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in all samples that involved blanching and/or freezing.
Preliminary linkage map of the Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) based on microsatellite markers
Authors: Burt D. W. , Morrice D. R. , Sewalem A. , Smith J. , Paton I. R. , Smith E. J. , Bentley J. , Hocking P. M. 
Published: November 2003

SummaryThe turkey is an agriculturally important species for which, until now, there is no published genetic linkage map based on microsatellite markers – still the markers most used in the chicken and other farm animals. In order to increase the number of markers on a turkey genetic linkage map we decided to map new microsatellite sequences obtained from a GT‐enriched turkey genomic library. In different chicken populations more than 35–55% of microsatellites are polymorphic. In the turkey populations tested here, 43% of all turkey primers tested were found to be polymorphic, in both commercial and wild type turkeys. Twenty linkage groups (including the Z chromosome) containing 74 markers have been established, along with 37 other unassigned markers. This map will lay the foundations for further genetic mapping and the identification of genes and quantitative trait loci in this economically important species. Genome comparisons, based on genetic maps, with related species such as the chicken would then also be possible. All primer information, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions, allele sizes and genetic linkage maps can be viewed at http://roslin.thearkdb.org/. The DNA is also available on request through the Roslin Institute.
Mapping of ESTs derived from pre‐implantation stage cattle embryos to allocate 16 new additions to the ordered comparative map of cattle and human
Authors: Mamo S. , Wimmers K. , Gilles M. , Kata S. R. , Schellander K. , Ponsuksili S. 
Published: November 2003

SummaryTwenty expressed sequence tags (ESTs) derived from cDNA libraries of different developmental stages of embryos were mapped using a whole genome bovine hamster radiation hybrid panel. These include 14 markers representing genes, most of which have not so far been mapped in cattle, with another three being novel in both cattle and human. The markers were placed on specific chromosomes with high LOD scores and except two all localizations fit the current human and cattle comparative map. The assignment of these genes further enriches the cattle genome map and also contributes to the international effort of generating comparative maps.