bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethofumesate-resistant annual bluegrass (Poa annua) in grass seed production systems
Authors: Vukovic Vera , Mattox Clint M. , Kowalewski Alec R. , McNally Brandon C. , Bigelow Cale A. , Meyers Stephen L. , Brosnan James T. , Patton Aaron J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe prolific seed production and polyploidy of annual bluegrass allow for the rapid development of herbicide resistance. Ethofumesate-resistant annual bluegrass plants were identified in the 1990s in grass seed production in Oregon, but their prevalence and distribution are not well documented. Therefore a dose–response experiment was initiated to determine the potential level of ethofumesate resistance in seed production systems. Seeds from 55 annual bluegrass populations were obtained from three sources: seed production fields (31 populations), the seed cleaning process (6 populations), and seed testing lots prior to retail distribution (18 populations). Additionally, two populations, one with known ethofumesate resistance and one with known susceptibility, were identified in preliminary testing and used as controls in this experiment. Seed from each collected population was increased. Individual seedlings were then transplanted into separate cone-tainers, grown to a size of 2 to 3 tillers in the greenhouse, and then sprayed using a compressed air track spray chamber with 10 doses of ethofumesate at 0, 0.56, 1.1, 2.8, 5.6, 8.4, 11.2, 16.8, 22.4, and 44.8 kg ai ha−1, with 0.84 to 2.2 kg ha−1 as the label application rate for perennial ryegrass. The resistant to susceptible ratio of populations across all sources ranged from 0.5 to 5.5. The most resistant populations found in production fields, seed cleaning, and seed testing lots had the effective dose necessary to kill 50% of the population (ED50) of 12.1, 9.4, and 13.1 kg ha−1, respectively. Furthermore, 68% of the populations found in production fields had ED50 higher than 6 kg ha−1, indicating common annual bluegrass resistance in grass seed production. As such, growers should implement integrated weed management strategies, as herbicides alone will likely be ineffective at controlling annual bluegrass.
Biochar and Its Potential to Deliver Negative Emissions and Better Soil Quality in Europe
Authors: Tisserant Alexandre , Hu Xiangping , Liu Qi , Xie Zubin , Zhao Wenwu , Cherubini Francesco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNegative emissions are essential to limit global warming, but their large‐scale deployment rises sustainability concerns. At the same time, agricultural soils are under increasing threat of degradation, as measured by losses in soil organic matter, water holding capacity, and nutrient retention, with increasing negative effects on plant productivity. Biochar from biomass residues is a technically mature option that does not compete for land and can typically restore key functions of degraded soils while delivering negative emissions. However, quantitative estimates of its potentials in Europe and a detailed spatially‐explicit analysis of the co‐benefits and trade‐offs for agricultural land are unclear. Here, we estimate an annual negative emission potential of biochar from forest and crop residues available in Europe from 1.7% to 3.9% of 2021s European greenhouse gas emissions (15.2%–35% of the agricultural emissions), depending on residue potentials and biochar scenarios. At the same time, biochar application to cropland increases water holding capacity (+6.5%‐9%), crop production (+7.1%‐8.4%), NH3 volatilization (+21.7%‐24.2%), and reduces soil N2O emissions (−13.7%–34.7%) and nitrogen leaching (−17.5%–22.7%). There are spatially heterogeneous trade‐offs for some soil effects (ammonia volatilization and yields) and air pollution (mainly due to emissions from biochar systems). Biochar offers synergistic solutions that co‐deliver across different sustainability challenges, but its optimal deployment requires strategies tailored to local conditions.
Incorporating the Effect of Large‐Scale Vertical Motion on Convection Through Convective Mass Flux Adjustment in E3SMv2
Authors: Song Xiaoliang , Zhang Guang , Wan Hui , Xie Shaocheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecent observational studies suggest that the large‐scale dynamical forcing (vertical motion) plays important roles in deep convection development. In this study we propose a convective mass flux adjustment (MAdj) approach to represent the dynamical effects of large‐scale vertical motion on convection in the Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 (E3SMv2). With MAdj, convection is enhanced (suppressed) when there is large‐scale ascending (descending) motion at the planetary boundary layer top. The coupling of convection with large‐scale circulation significantly improves the simulation of climate variability in E3SMv2 across multiple scales from the diurnal cycle, convectively coupled equatorial waves, to the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). The standard E3SMv2 tends to simulate overly weak diurnal amplitude of precipitation and overly weak variance of convectively coupled equatorial Kelvin and westward inertio‐gravity (WIG) waves. It also fails to simulate the essential characteristics of the MJO: continuous eastward propagation. With MAdj, the amplitude of diurnal cycle of precipitation is systematically increased and its probability density distribution is much closer to observations. The MAdj can also simulate more realistic eastward propagation of the MJO and much stronger convectively coupled Kelvin and WIG waves. Moreover, the MAdj approach slightly improves the climatology simulations in precipitation, cloud, radiation, circulation, temperature, and moisture fields, with overall root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of major climatological fields reduced by about 2%. The MAdj approach suppresses excessive grid‐scale precipitation, reducing precipitation wet biases over South China Sea, Philippine Sea, Himalayas, and South Pacific Convergence Zone in western Pacific in summer.
Predicting PM2.5 Concentrations Across USA Using Machine Learning
Authors: Vignesh P. Preetham , Jiang Jonathan H. , Kishore P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEconomic growth, air pollution, and forest fires in some states in the United States have increased the concentration of particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5). Although previous studies have tried to observe PM2.5 both spatially and temporally using aerosol remote sensing and geostatistical estimation, they were limited in accuracy by coarse resolution. In this paper, the performance of machine learning models on predicting PM2.5 is assessed with linear regression (LR), decision tree (DT), gradient boosting regression (GBR), AdaBoost regression (ABR), XGBoost (XGB), k‐nearest neighbors (K‐NN), long short‐term memory (LSTM), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) using PM2.5 station data from 2017 to 2021. To compare the accuracy of all the nine machine learning models, the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), root mean square error ratio (RSR), and percent bias (PBIAS) were evaluated. Among all nine models, the RF (100 decision trees with a max depth of 20) and support vector regression (SVR; nonlinear kernel, degree 3 polynomial) models were the best for predicting PM2.5 concentrations. Additionally, comparison of the PM2.5 performance metrics displayed that the models had better predictive behavior in the western United States than that in the eastern United States.
Deep Learning for Bias‐Correcting CMIP6‐Class Earth System Models
Authors: Hess Philipp , Lange Stefan , Schötz Christof , Boers Niklas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe accurate representation of precipitation in Earth system models (ESMs) is crucial for reliable projections of the ecological and socioeconomic impacts in response to anthropogenic global warming. The complex cross‐scale interactions of processes that produce precipitation are challenging to model, however, inducing potentially strong biases in ESM fields, especially regarding extremes. State‐of‐the‐art bias correction methods only address errors in the simulated frequency distributions locally at every individual grid cell. Improving unrealistic spatial patterns of the ESM output, which would require spatial context, has not been possible so far. Here, we show that a postprocessing method based on physically constrained generative adversarial networks (cGANs) can correct biases of a state‐of‐the‐art, CMIP6‐class ESM both in local frequency distributions and in the spatial patterns at once. While our method improves local frequency distributions equally well as gold‐standard bias‐adjustment frameworks, it strongly outperforms any existing methods in the correction of spatial patterns, especially in terms of the characteristic spatial intermittency of precipitation extremes.
Shallow Slow Slip Events Identified Offshore the Osa Peninsula in Southern Costa Rica From GNSS Time Series
Authors: Perry Mason , Muller Cyril , Protti Marino , Feng Lujia , Hill Emma M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUsing new continuous geodetic time series, we identify five shallow slow slip events (SSEs) offshore and beneath the Osa peninsula in southern Costa Rica. An early event was detected by one station in 2013, and two events occurring in close succession in both 2018 and 2022 were detected by multiple stations, indicating a preliminary recurrence interval of ∼4–5 years. While SSEs have been observed to the northwest at Nicoya, this is their first documentation in southern Costa Rica. Modeled slip distributions of the 2018 and 2022 events indicate they likely ruptured the same or overlapping patches of the plate interface, near the trench, updip of the 1983 Mw 7.4 Osa event. Immediately offshore, estimated cumulative slip from the 2018 and 2022 events is sufficient to close the slip deficit from tectonic loading over the recurrence interval, potentially limiting the magnitude and spatial slip distribution of future large ruptures.
Observations of Ocean Surface Wave Attenuation in Sea Ice Using Seafloor Cables
Authors: Smith Madison M. , Thomson Jim , Baker Michael G. , Abbott Robert E. , Davis Jake 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe attenuation of ocean surface waves during seasonal ice cover is an important control on the evolution of Arctic coastlines. The spatial and temporal variations in this process have been challenging to resolve with conventional sampling using sparse arrays of moorings or buoys. We demonstrate a novel method for persistent observation of wave‐ice interactions using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) along existing seafloor fiber optic telecommunications cables. DAS measurements span a 36‐km cross‐shore cable on the Beaufort Shelf from Oliktok Point, Alaska. DAS optical sensing of fiber strain‐rate provides a proxy for seafloor pressure, which we calibrate with wave buoy measurements during the ice‐free season (August 2022). We apply this calibration during the ice formation season (November 2021) to obtain unprecedented resolution of variable wave attenuation rates in new, partial ice cover. The location and strength of wave attenuation serve as proxies for ice coverage and thickness, especially during rapidly evolving events.
Northwest Africa 12279: Evidence for the Interaction Between Early Lunar Mantle Melt and Anorthositic Crust
Authors: Chen Hongyi , Xie Lanfang , Shu Qiao , Miao Bingkui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Mg‐spinel‐bearing rocks are an essential component of the lunar crust. They are widely distributed on the Moon's near and far sides. The study of petrogenesis provides a rare opportunity to understand the early lunar crust‐mantle interaction. Northwest Africa 12279 is a unique Mg‐spinel‐bearing troctolitic anorthosite lunar meteorite that is unbrecciated and pristine. The modal content of the spinel‐bearing troctolitic component is ∼95%. Five hundred sixty spinels larger than 100 μm are investigated in this paper, and 38 of them are found to contain magma melt inclusions. These magma melt inclusions represent the mixed composition between mantle melt and crust material during the crystallization of a spinel. They generally show an immiscible liquid phase separation, which can be divided into a magnesium‐rich and silica‐rich phase. The former is similar in chemical composition to the lunar mantle's peridotite or plutonic ultramafic Mg‐suite. The mantle melt reacts successively with Ferroan Anorthosites in the crust to crystallize Mg‐spinel, plagioclase, olivine, pyroxene, and silica phases. The large grains of euhedral Mg‐spinels with homogeneous chemical composition indicate they are the products of equilibrium crystallization, while plagioclase, olivine, pyroxene, and silica phase are the products of differentiated crystallization of mixed magma. This reaction may represent a typical process of lunar Mg‐suite. This work is the first to find petrological evidence that the melt from the lunar mantle intrudes into the crust and then undergoes a liquid phase immiscible separation to form the Mg‐spinel‐bearing troctolitic anorthosite.
Gestational weight loss and fetal growth in uncomplicated pregnancies among women with obesity: a population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Guo Yanfang , Souza Sara C. S. , Bruce Liam , Luo Rong , El-Chaâr Darine , Gaudet Laura M. , Muldoon Katherine , Hawken Steven , Dunn Sandra I. , Dingwall-Harvey Alysha L. J. , Walker Mark C. , Wen Shi Wu , Corsi Daniel J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
The impact of gestational weight loss (GWL) on fetal growth among women with obesity remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between weight loss during pregnancy among women with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 and the risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) neonates.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study of women with pre-pregnancy obesity that resulted in a singleton live birth in 2012-2017, using birth registry data in Ontario, Canada. Women with pregnancy complications or health conditions which could cause weight loss were excluded. GWL is defined as negative gestational weight change (≤0 kg). The association between GWL and fetal growth was estimated using generalized estimating equation models and restricted cubic spline regression analysis. Stratified analysis was conducted by obesity class (I:30–34.9 kg/m2, II:35–39.9 kg/m2, and III + : ≥40 kg/m2).

Results
Of the 52,153 eligible women who entered pregnancy with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, 5.3% had GWL. Compared to adequate gestational weight gain, GWL was associated with an increased risk of SGA neonates (aRR:1.45, 95% CI: 1.30–1.60) and a decreased risk of LGA neonates (aRR: 0.81, 95% CI:0.73–0.93). Non-linear L-shaped associations were observed between gestational weight change and SGA neonates, with an increased risk of SGA observed with increased GWL. On the contrary, non-linear S-shaped associations were observed between gestational weight change and LGA neonates, with a decreased risk of LGA observed with increased GWL. Similar findings were observed from the stratified analysis by obesity class.

Conclusion
These findings highlight that GWL in women with obesity may increase the risk of SGA neonates but reduce the risk of LGA neonates. Recommendations of GWL for women with obesity should be interpreted with caution.
Body mass index and waist circumference trajectories across the life course and birth cohorts, 1996–2015 Malaysia: sex and ethnicity matter
Authors: Teh Chien Huey , Rampal Sanjay , Kee Chee Cheong , Azahadi Omar , Tahir Aris 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
The global obesity epidemic remains a significant threat to public health and the economy. Age-period-cohort (APC) analysis is one method to model the trajectory of obesity. However, there is scarce published evidence of such analyses among the South East Asian population. This study aims to explore the sex and ethnic variations of BMI and waist circumference trajectories over time among non-institutionalized Malaysian adults aged 18 to 80 years.

Methods
Data from four population-based National Health and Morbidity Surveys conducted in 1996, 2006, 2010, and 2015 were pooled. Hierarchical Age-Period-Cohort (HAPC) analysis explored the trajectories of BMI and waist circumference across the life course and birth cohorts by sex and ethnicity. These models assumed no period effect.

Results
Generally, BMI and waist circumference trajectories increased across age and birth cohorts. These trajectories varied by sex and ethnicity. Females have more profound increasing BMI and waist circumference trajectories than their male counterparts as they age and as cohort recency increases. Chinese have less profound BMI and waist circumference increases across the life course and birth cohorts than other ethnic groups.

Conclusions
The profound increasing cohort trajectories of obesity, regardless of sex and ethnicity, are alarming. Future studies should focus on identifying factors associated with the less profound cohort effect among the Chinese to reduce the magnitude of trajectories in obesity, particularly among future generations.
Mutated IKZF1 is an independent marker of adverse risk in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Eckardt Jan-Niklas , Stasik Sebastian , Röllig Christoph , Petzold Andreas , Sauer Tim , Scholl Sebastian , Hochhaus Andreas , Crysandt Martina , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Naumann Ralph , Steffen Björn , Kunzmann Volker , Einsele Hermann , Schaich Markus , Burchert Andreas , Neubauer Andreas , Schäfer-Eckart Kerstin , Schliemann Christoph , Krause Stefan W. , Herbst Regina , Hänel Mathias , Hanoun Maher , Kaiser Ulrich , Kaufmann Martin , Rácil Zdenek , Mayer Jiri , Oelschlägel Uta , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Ehninger Gerhard , Serve Hubert , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Platzbecker Uwe , Baldus Claudia D. , Dahl Andreas , Schetelig Johannes , Bornhäuser Martin , Middeke Jan Moritz , Thiede Christian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGenetic lesions of IKZF1 are frequent events and well-established markers of adverse risk in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, their function in the pathophysiology and impact on patient outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains elusive. In a multicenter cohort of 1606 newly diagnosed and intensively treated adult AML patients, we found IKZF1 alterations in 45 cases with a mutational hotspot at N159S. AML with mutated IKZF1 was associated with alterations in RUNX1, GATA2, KRAS, KIT, SF3B1, and ETV6, while alterations of NPM1, TET2, FLT3-ITD, and normal karyotypes were less frequent. The clinical phenotype of IKZF1-mutated AML was dominated by anemia and thrombocytopenia. In both univariable and multivariable analyses adjusting for age, de novo and secondary AML, and ELN2022 risk categories, we found mutated IKZF1 to be an independent marker of adverse risk regarding complete remission rate, event-free, relapse-free, and overall survival. The deleterious effects of mutated IKZF1 also prevailed in patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (n = 519) in both univariable and multivariable models. These dismal outcomes are only partially explained by the hotspot mutation N159S. Our findings suggest a role for IKZF1 mutation status in AML risk modeling.
Macrophage CARD9 mediates cardiac injury following myocardial infarction through regulation of lipocalin 2 expression
Authors: Liu Yan , Shao Yi-hui , Zhang Jun-meng , Wang Ying , Zhou Mei , Li Hui-qin , Zhang Cong-cong , Yu Pei-jie , Gao Shi-juan , Wang Xue-rui , Jia Li-xin , Piao Chun-mei , Du Jie , Li Yu-lin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractImmune cell infiltration in response to myocyte death regulates extracellular matrix remodeling and scar formation after myocardial infarction (MI). Caspase-recruitment domain family member 9 (CARD9) acts as an adapter that mediates the transduction of pro-inflammatory signaling cascades in innate immunity; however, its role in cardiac injury and repair post-MI remains unclear. We found that Card9 was one of the most upregulated Card genes in the ischemic myocardium of mice. CARD9 expression increased considerably 1 day post-MI and declined by day 7 post-MI. Moreover, CARD9 was mainly expressed in F4/80-positive macrophages. Card9 knockout (KO) led to left ventricular function improvement and infarct scar size reduction in mice 28 days post-MI. Additionally, Card9 KO suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the border region and attenuated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. RNA sequencing revealed that Card9 KO significantly suppressed lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) expression post-MI. Both LCN2 and the receptor solute carrier family 22 member 17 (SL22A17) were detected in macrophages. Subsequently, we demonstrated that Card9 overexpression increased LCN2 expression, while Card9 KO inhibited necrotic cell-induced LCN2 upregulation in macrophages, likely through NF-κB. Lcn2 KO showed beneficial effects post-MI, and recombinant LCN2 diminished the protective effects of Card9 KO in vivo. Lcn2 KO reduced MMP9 post-MI, and Lcn2 overexpression increased Mmp9 expression in macrophages. Slc22a17 knockdown in macrophages reduced MMP9 release with recombinant LCN2 treatment. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that macrophage CARD9 mediates the deterioration of cardiac function and adverse remodeling post-MI via LCN2.
Safety and clinical efficacy of sintilimab (anti-PD-1) in pediatric patients with advanced or recurrent malignancies in a phase I study
Authors: Que Yi , Wang Juan , Sun Feifei , Wang Shan , Zhu Jia , Huang Junting , Zhao Zhenzhen , Zhang Li , Liu Juan , Xu Jiaqian , Zhen Zijun , Sun Xiaofei , Lu Suying , Zhang Yizhuo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe aim of this phase I study is to evaluate, for the first time, the safety and efficacy of sintilimab in pediatric patients diagnosed with advanced or recurrent malignancies. During the dose escalation phase, patients received a single intravenous infusion of sintilimab at varying doses of 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg. The primary endpoints included the identification of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) as well as the evaluation of safety and tolerance. Secondary endpoints focused on assessing objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). A total of 29 patients were enrolled, including 10 individuals diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and 19 patients with various other tumor categories. Notably, diverse pathological types such as thymoma, choroid plexus carcinoma, and NK/T-cell lymphoma were also included in the study cohort. By the safety data cutoff, most adverse events were grade 1 or 2, with grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) occurring in 10% of patients. Among the 27 evaluated subjects, four achieved confirmed complete response (CR) while seven patients exhibited confirmed partial response (PR). Additionally, seven patients maintained disease (SD) during the study period. Notably, sintilimab demonstrated remarkable tolerability without DLTs and exhibited promising anti-tumor effects in pediatric HL. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was conducted in 15 patients to assess the mutational landscape and copy number variation (CNV) status. The completion of this phase I study establishes the foundation for potential combination regimens involving sintilimab in childhood cancer treatment. The trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier NCT04400851.