bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Book review of Applied Behavior Analysis Advanced Guidebook: A Manual for Professional Practice (2nd edition)
Authors: Becraft Jessica L. , Goldman Kissel J. , Mery Jacqueline N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe second edition of Applied Behavior Analysis Advanced Guidebook: A Manual for Professional Practice (Luiselli, 2023) covers 17 chapters on topics that are relevant to applied behavior analysis practitioners. In this review, we discuss the purpose and intended audience of the Guidebook, briefly summarize the contents of the Guidebook, and critically evaluate the contents with respect to breadth and depth, audience fit, organization, and cohesion. In addition, we discuss emerging areas that are highlighted in the Guidebook (i.e., technology and telehealth, diversity and multiculturism, and practice‐oriented research).
Bone Marrow Adiposity Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes Are Sex-Specific and Associated with Serum Lipid Levels
Authors: Wu Po-hung , Joseph Gabby , Saeed Isra , Pirmoazen Amir M. , Kenny Katie , Kim Tiffany Y. , Schafer Anne L. , Schwartz Ann V. , Li Xiaojuan , Link Thomas M. , Kazakia Galateia J. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has negative effects on skeletal health. A proposed mechanism of diabetic bone disease connects hyperlipidemia to increased bone marrow adiposity and decreased bone quality. Previous research on Type 1 diabetes reported positive associations between serum lipid levels and marrow adiposity, but no data exist for T2D. In addition, marrow adiposity is sex-dependent in healthy populations, but sex has not been addressed adequately in previous reports of marrow adiposity in T2D. The purpose of this study was to quantify associations of marrow adiposity and composition with T2D status, serum lipid levels, and sex. T2D patients and normoglycemic controls (n = 39/37) were included. Single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was performed at the spine and tibia. Quantitative MRS outcomes of marrow adiposity and composition were calculated. Linear regression models were used to compare MRS outcomes among groups and to evaluate associations of MRS outcomes with serum lipid levels. All analyses were performed on sex-stratified subgroups. Total, unsaturated, and saturated fat content at the spine were lower in T2D participants compared to controls in age-adjusted models; these differences were significant in men but not in women. In our study cohort, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were lower in T2D participants compared to controls. Adjustment for LDL, HDL, and statin use attenuated the association of T2D status with unsaturated fat but not saturated fat in men. Further analysis confirmed significant associations between serum lipid levels and MRS outcomes. Specifically, we found a positive association between LDL cholesterol and total marrow fat in the male T2D group and a negative association between HDL and total marrow fat in the female T2D group. In conclusion, our results suggest that marrow adiposity and composition are associated with lipid levels as well as T2D status, and these relationships are sex-specific. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Studying a time‐fractional moving boundary diffusion model of solvent through a glassy polymer: A computational approach
Authors: Garshasbi Morteza , Sanaei Forough 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article, a time‐fractional nonlinear moving boundary problem is considered to express the mathematical model of diffusion of a solvent into a glassy polymeric device. A numerical method, including an iterative process based on a non‐standard implicit finite difference method with variable time‐step is developed to solve this problem. The purpose of solving this problem is to study and predict the solvent diffusion behavior in the polymer and the position of the moving boundary. We analyze the monotonicity and positivity of the numerical solution. To show the effectiveness and robustness of the numerical method, two test problems are considered and the numerical results are reported for different values of model parameters.
Numerical analysis on mechanical and fatigue behaviors of aviation electrical connector considering structural effect
Authors: Luo Shiyuan , Wang Binbin , Jiang Jun , Li Jia , Zou Guangming , Zeng Liangcai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis work is motivated by the fact that the reliability of electrical connectors influenced by their mechanical behavior and fatigue life directly affects the working performance of the whole equipment system. In this paper, theoretical analyses of insertion force, maximum stress, and fatigue life in an aviation electrical connector are presented and the corresponding mathematical models are firstly derived. Then, to numerically investigate its mechanical behavior and fatigue life, a simplified 3D FE model is developed by using ABAQUS and FE‐SAFE software and verified by experiments and theoretical analysis. Finally, the distribution and evolution characteristics of contact forces, stress and fatigue life considering the influences of reed thickness and slot width are quantitatively analyzed in details. The results indicate that the insertion force first increases and then stabilizes at the level of 0.16 N as the pin head is fully inserted into the jack, which shows an opposite to the evolution of extraction force. Moreover, the maximum value of stress and the minimum value of fatigue life are all located at the root of the jack reed. Besides, unlike the small effect of slot width, the Fimax and σmax values obviously increase and the Nf value decreases with the increment of reed thickness.
Association between goal nutrition and intubation in patients with bronchiolitis on noninvasive ventilation: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huq Sabrina , Pareek Rajat , Stowe Alicia , Smith Kayla , Mikhailov Theresa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcute bronchiolitis causes many hospitalizations in children younger than 2 years. Early enteral nutrition is associated with improved outcomes in these patients. However, often nutrition is withheld when patients require noninvasive respiratory support because of the risk of aspiration worsening respiratory failure, possibly requiring intubation. We hypothesize that achieving goal energy intake is associated with a lower intubation rate in hospitalized children with bronchiolitis who require noninvasive ventilation.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study examined the association between goal enteral nutrition (60% of dietary reference energy intake) and intubation rates. We grouped patients by severity of illness and compared intubation rates in those who met goal energy to those who did not. We use stratified analysis methods (for both level of respiratory support and feeding route) to evaluate progression to intubation.ResultsOf the 272 patients, 215 met goal feeds. These groups had similar demographics, but the goal‐feeds group started on higher respiratory support in the pediatric intensive care unit. We found that 4.65% of the patients who met goal feeds required intubation compared with 24.6% of patients who did not meet goal feeds (P < 0.0001), even after controlling for respiratory status at admission and time of feed initiation and feeding route.ConclusionWe observed when adjusting for severity, feeding route, and respiratory support, achieving goal energy intake remained associated with a lower rate of intubation, without higher rates of aspiration. Confounding factors include practice variation and difference in severity of illness that objective scoring may have missed.
Physician views of artificial intelligence in otolaryngology and rhinology: A mixed methods study
Authors: Asokan Annapoorani , Massey Conner J. , Tietbohl Caroline , Kroenke Kurt , Morris Megan , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate otolaryngologists' knowledge, trust, acceptance, and concerns with clinical applications of artificial intelligence (AI).MethodsThis study used mixed methods with survey and semistructured interviews. Survey was e‐mailed to American Rhinologic Society members, of which a volunteer sample of 86 members responded. Nineteen otolaryngologists were purposefully recruited and interviewed until thematic saturation was achieved.ResultsSeventy‐six respondents (10% response rate) completed the majority of the survey: 49% worked in academic settings and 43% completed residency 10 or fewer years ago. Of 19 interviewees, 58% worked in academic settings, and 47% completed residency 10 or fewer years ago. Familiarity: Only 8% of survey respondents reported having AI training in residency, although 72% had familiarity with general AI concepts; 0 interviewees had personal experience with AI in clinical settings. Expected uses: Of the surveyed otolaryngologists, 82% would use an AI‐based clinical decision aid and 74% were comfortable with AI proposing treatment recommendations. However, only 44% of participants would trust AI to identify malignancy and 53% to interpret radiographic images. Interviewees trusted AI for simple tasks, such as labeling septal deviation, more than complex ones, such as identifying tumors. Factors influencing AI adoption: 89% of survey participants would use AI if it improved patient satisfaction, 78% would be willing to use AI if experts and studies validated the technologies, and 73% would only use AI if it increased efficiency. Sixty‐one percent of survey respondents expected AI incorporation into clinical practice within 5 years. Interviewees emphasized that AI adoption depends on its similarity to their clinical judgment and to expert opinion. Concerns included nuanced or complex cases, poor design or accuracy, and the personal nature of physician‐patient relationships.ConclusionFew physicians have experience with AI technologies but expect rapid adoption in the clinic, highlighting the urgent need for clinical education and research. Otolaryngologists are most receptive to AI “augmenting” physician expertise and administrative capacity, with respect for physician autonomy and maintaining relationships with patients.Level of EvidenceLevel VI, descriptive or qualitative study.
Case report of a child with long QT syndrome type 14 caused by CALM1 gene mutation and literature review
Authors: Sun Qiqing , Xie Zhenhua , Wang Fangjie , Guo Jun , Yan Xiaochen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of a patient with long QT syndrome type 14 (long QT syndrome‐14, LQT14, OMIM # 616247) caused by a de novo CALM1 mutation.MethodsThe clinical data of the patient were collected, next‐generation sequencing technology was used to determine the exome gene sequence of the patient, and the suspected pathogenic locus was verified by Sanger sequencing.ResultsA 5‐year and 9‐month‐old girl was admitted to the hospital due to a syncopal episode. During the attack, the main symptoms were loss of consciousness, cyanosis of the face and lips, and weakness of limbs. The child had multiple seizures in the past, all of which occurred after emotional excitement and activity. She was diagnosed with epilepsy for more than 3 years, but the effect of antiepileptic treatment was not satisfactory. The electrocardiogram was normal in the past. A month ago, convulsions occurred again after exercise, and the electrocardiogram showed QTc 496 ms. The treadmill test showed a significant prolongation of QTc after exercise, and the genetic results suggested a new heterozygous variant of CALM1, c.395A>G; p. (Asp132Gly). Consequently, she was diagnosed with LQT14 and treated with propranolol. During a follow‐up of 15 months, there were no seizures or syncope.ConclusionsThis patient had multiple episodes of convulsions or syncope after emotional stimulation or activity, with intermittent prolongation of the QTc on routine ECG, marked prolongation of the QTc after exercise, and T‐wave alternans, which differed from the LQT14 phenotype caused by the previous CALM1 mutation.
Transplantation of prespawn adult Sea Lampreys as an important restoration strategy
Authors: Gephard Stephen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Anadromous Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus, native to the Atlantic coast of the USA, has declined in numbers since European contact due to the construction of barrier dams. Simply addressing the stream barriers, either by removal or the addition of fishways, has not always resulted in the restoration of runs. An experimental approach of transplanting adult lamprey from existing runs into unoccupied upstream habitat was evaluated as a tool for re-establishing annual spawning runs of the species.

Methods
Two coastal watersheds without Sea Lamprey runs but with dams with fishways close to the ocean were selected for testing. Prespawn adult Sea Lamprey captured from another river were released in suitable habitat upstream of the dam in one river but not the other. Counts of adult Sea Lamprey ascending the river via the fishways in subsequent years were made and compared between the two rivers. Data of colonizing adult Sea Lamprey in other rivers were analyzed for further comparison.

Result
In subsequent years, adult Sea Lamprey only immigrated into the river that received transplanted adults. When adult Sea Lampreys were finally released into the second river years later, an annual run of adult Sea Lamprey was re-established in that stream as well.

Conclusion
Prespawn adult Sea Lamprey will not emigrate from the ocean into a stream with no resident larval Sea Lamprey. The release of prespawn adults into a vacant habitat resulted in spawning, which produced a resident population of larval Sea Lamprey. Such larvae produce attractant pheromones, which is necessary to attract adults. If a stream has an extant run of Sea Lamprey, removal of a migratory barrier will result in the run expanding upstream into previously vacant habitat. Transplantation of prespawn adult Sea Lamprey can be an important management tool for restoring lost runs of this important anadromous species.
Multiscale formulation for saturated porous media preserving the representative volume element size objectivity
Authors: Reinaldo A. Anonis , Javier L. Mroginski , Pablo J. Sánchez 
Published: October 2023

SummaryA multiscale model for saturated porous media is proposed, based on the concept of representative volume element (RVE). The physics between macro and micro‐scales is linked in terms of virtual power measures given by the general theory of poromechanics. Then, applying the so‐called Principle of Multiscale Virtual Power, together with suitable admissible constraints on micro‐scale displacement and pore pressure fields, a well‐established variational framework is obtained. This setting allows deriving the weak form of micro‐scale balance equations as well as the homogenization rules for the macro‐scale stress‐like variables and body forces. Whenever the micro‐scale mechanical constitutive functionals admit, as input arguments, the full‐order expansion of the micro‐scale pore pressure field, a size effect is inherited on the macro‐scale material response. The current literature attributes this issue to the so‐called “dynamical” or “second‐order” term of the homogenized flux velocity. It has been commonly suggested that the influence of this term is negligible by assuming infinitely small micro‐scale dimensions. However, such an idea compromises the fundamental notion of the existence of RVE for highly heterogeneous media. In this work, we show that the micro‐scale size dependence can be consistently eliminated by a simple constitutive‐like assumption. Accordingly, slight and selective redefinitions in the input arguments of micro‐scale material laws are proposed, leading to a constitutive formulation that allows the combination of micro‐scale variables with different orders of expansion. Just at this specific (constitutive) level, a reduced‐order expansion is selectively adopted for the micro‐scale pore pressure field. Thus, the RVE notion is restored while still retaining the major effects of the “dynamical” component of the homogenized flux velocity. The proposed formulation is implemented within a finite element squared (FE) environment. Some numerical experiments are presented showing the viability of the methodology, including comparisons against analytical, mono‐scale and DNS solutions.
Testing of morphological sex estimation traits with a sex‐known collection: Ottoman period skulls
Authors: Yaşar Berkay , Sağır Mehmet 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSexual dimorphism patterns vary across geographic regions due to the influence of genetic characteristics and environmental factors. Therefore, sex estimation models are being developed specifically for each population or group. The applicability of morphological sex estimation methods has not been tested in Turkey. Hence, by using skulls, the present study aims to analyze the reliability of the visual morphological method and test the equations developed in different populations. The study material consists of 192 skulls (96 male, 96 female) with known sexes, excavated from Istanbul's Karacaahmet cemetery in 1925. In the present study, glabella, mastoid process, supraorbital margin, and nuchal crest traits were scored on a scale of 1 to 5 according to the instructions provided in standard protocols. Intra‐observer and inter‐observer agreements were analyzed by two experts having the same level of experience. When equations derived from other populations were applied to our samples, they exhibited high sex biases (up to 50%). Therefore, new equations were derived through binary logistic regression analysis. Glabella had the highest performance in terms of repeatability (0.83) and reproducibility (0.74), whereas the nuchal crest showed the lowest performance (0.60–0.52). The most significant sexual dimorphism was observed in the glabella. Based on cross‐validated results using a single criterion, it accurately classified 80% of females and 84% of males. The nuchal crest was not significantly affecting the sex discriminative equations (p > 0.05). Multivariate equations achieved an accuracy of over 90% and cross‐validated results ranged between 80% and 90%. The results obtained from present study support the hypothesis that sexual dimorphism patterns vary under different conditions and highlight the importance of population variation in sex estimation. The models derived from the present study were found to be suitable for sex estimation from skulls and demonstrated high performance.
Identification of the native Torpedo californica nicotinic acetylcholine receptor's glycan composition after a multi‐step sequential purification method using MALDI‐ToF MS
Authors: Maldonado‐Hernández Rafael , Quesada Orestes , González‐Feliciano José A. , Baerga‐Ortiz Abel , Lasalde‐Dominicci José A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Cys‐loop pentameric ligand‐gated ion channels comprise a dynamic group of proteins that have been extensively studied for decades, yielding a wealth of findings at both the structural and functional levels. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is no exception, as it is part of this large protein family involved in proper organismal function. Our efforts have successfully produced a highly pure nAChR in detergent complex (nAChR‐DC), enabling more robust studies to be conducted on it, including beginning to experiment with high‐throughput crystallization. Our homogeneous product has been identified and extensively characterized with 100% identity using Nano Lc MS/MS and MALDI ToF/ToF for each nAChR subunit. Additionally, the N‐linked glycans in the Torpedo californica‐nAChR (Tc‐nAChR) subunits have been identified. To study this, the Tc‐nAChR subunits were digested with PNGase F and the released glycans were analyzed by MALDI‐ToF. The MS results showed the presence of high‐mannose N‐glycan in all native Tc‐nAChR subunits. Specifically, the oligommanose population Man8‐9GlcNac2 with peaks at m/z 1742 and 1904 ([M + Na]+ ions) were observed.
On the Z5.8‐dependence of viscosity of polymer rings over the range 15 < Zw ≤ 300 of the entanglement number
Authors: Ngai K. L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDynamic moduli G* and zero‐shear viscosity ηo,ring data in both melt and solution states were reported for putative cyclic poly(3,6‐dioxa‐1,8‐octanedithiol) (RDODT) with molecular weights ranging from 43 to 556 kg/mol. Measurements over wide temperature ranges provide up to 18 decades of reduced frequency to characterize RDODT melts and solutions with Zw = Mw/Me,lin from 23 to 300, where Mw is the weight average molecular weight and Me,lin ≈ 1850 g/mol is the entanglement molecular weight of the linear counterparts (LDODT). The G* of all the seven RDODT melts and eight of their solutions with Zw > 15 all have a rubbery plateau with the plateau moduli about same as GNo of the corresponding LDODT. The value Zw ≈ 15 marks the threshold for the change in scaling of ηo,ring from the Rouse‐like ηo,ring ∼ Zw1.0 to a much stronger dependence of ηo,ring ∼ Zw5.8 for Zw up to 300. Such a Zw5.8‐dependence has not been seen before in cyclic polymers and cannot be accounted for by current theoretical models for cyclic polymers. The Coupling Model had been used before to explain the Mw3.4 ‐dependence of linear entangled polymers and the stronger Mw ‐dependence of multi‐arm star branched polymers. It is applied to cyclic RDODT melts and solutions and the results provide an explanation of the observed Zw5.8‐dependence of ηo,ring.
Comprehensive exploration of Biochanin A as an oncotherapeutics potential in the treatment of multivarious cancers with molecular insights
Authors: Sohel Md 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCancer is considered a leading cause of mortality. This rising cancer death rate and several existing limitations like side effects, poor efficacies, and high cost of the present chemotherapeutic agents have increased the demand for more potent and alternative cancer treatments. This review elucidated a brief overview of Biochanin A (BCA) and its potentiality on various cancers with details of anticancer mechanism. According to our review, a number of studies including in silico, in vitro, pre‐clinical, and clinical trials have tested to evaluate the efficacy of BCA. This compound is effective against 15 types of cancer, including breast, cervical, colorectal, gastric, glioblastoma, liver, lung, melanoma, oral, osteosarcoma, ovarian, pancreatic, pharynx, prostate, and umbilical vein cancer. The general anticancer activities of this compound are mediated via several molecular processes, including regulation of apoptosis, cell proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis, signaling, enzymatic pathways, and other mechanisms. Targeting both therapeutic and oncogenic proteins, as well as different pathways, makes up the molecular mechanism underlying the anticancer action. Many signaling networks and their components, such as EFGR, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, PARP, Caspase‐3/8/9, Bax, Bcl2, PDL‐1, NF‐κB, TNF‐α, IL‐6, JAK, STAT3, VEGFR, VEGF, c‐MY, Cyclin B1, D1, E1 and CDKs, Snail, and E‐cadherin proteins, can be regulated in cancer cells by BCA. Such kind of anticancer properties of BCA could be a result of its correct structural chemistry. The use of BCA‐based therapies as nano‐carriers for the delivery of chemotherapeutic medicines has the potential to be very effective. This natural compound synergises with other natural compounds and standard drugs, including sorafenib, 5‐fluorouracil, temozolomide, doxorubicin, apigenin, and genistein. Moreover, proper use of this compound can reverse multidrug resistance through numerous mechanisms. BCA has better drug‐likeness and pharmacokinetic properties and is nontoxic (eye, liver, kidney, skin, cardio) in human bodies. As having a wide range of cancer‐fighting mechanisms, synergistic effects, and good pharmacokinetic properties, BCA can be used as a supplementary food until standard drugs are available at pharma markets.