bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Custom JWST NIRSpec/IFU and MIRI/MRS Data Reduction Pipelines for Solar System Targets
Authors: King Oliver R. T. , Fletcher Leigh N. , Harkett Jake , Roman Michael T. , Melin Henrik 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We present custom JWST data reduction pipelines for JWST NIRSpec/IFU and MIRI/MRS observations of solar system objects. The pipelines simplify the process of reducing the JWST observations, and include custom steps to significantly improve the data quality. Our custom processing routines include a “desaturation” routine to reduce the effect of saturation while still maintaining high signal-to-noise ratio, and custom flat field correction code to remove the significant artifacts found in MIRI/MRS observations. The pipelines also automatically generate a series of quick look plots and animations to simplify exploration of a dataset. These custom JWST pipelines can be downloaded from https://github.com/JWSTGiantPlanets/pipelines.
Comparison of treatment of COVID-19 with inhaled bromhexine, higher doses of colchicine and hymecromone with WHO-recommended paxlovid, molnupiravir, remdesivir, anti-IL-6 receptor antibodies and baricitinib
Authors: Mitev Vanyo 
Published: October 2023

Millions of publications and thousands of clinical trials have not led to the discovery of an effective treatment for COVID-19. We believe that the reason for this is the inaccurate strategy of inhibiting target molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
The leading cause of death in COVID-19 is the cytokine storm, which is caused by an NLRP3 inflammasome hyperreaction. WHO recommends for the outpatients treatment drugs blocking the replication of SARS-CoV-2. However, viral load and replication are not directly related to NLRP3 inflammasome hyperreactivity. This also explains the partial success of the WHO favorite paxlovid to reduce hospitalizations (51%). For hospital treatment, WHO suggests antibodies against the interleukin-6 receptor and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibition. Although important, IL-6 is one of dozens of cytokines elevated as a consequence of cytokine storm. The JAK inhibitor baricitinib inhibited the effect of not only IL-6 but also other elevated cytokines. But if the NLRP3 inflammasome is inhibited, the cytokines will not be elevated, and there will be no need for baricitinib. All medicines recommended by the WHO are distinguished by their very high prices.
Our therapeutic strategy is based on inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the cell and inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We offer two readily available, cheap and well-known medications - bromhexine hydrochloride and colchicine. The many studies on the treatment of COVID-19 so far have not produced the expected result. The devil is buried in the details.
For bromhexine, the reason is the way and its late application. Bromhexine is most effective when given prophylactically or started by inhalation after contact with a person with COVID-19. Its earliest possible application is crucial for its effect.
Increased doses of colchicine are necessary for COVID-19 treatment due to the fact that it accumulates in leukocytes, and this leads to inhibition of NLRP3. The high doses we administer have been given widely in the past and are completely safe. Our highest dose is about 5 times lower per kg of weight than the lowest severe toxic dose of colchicine described. Our results show about a 5-fold decrease in hospital mortality and almost complete prevention of hospitalizations if outpatients are treated with inhaled bromhexine and colchicine.
Ces filles accusées et repérées par le travail social
Authors: Laé Jean-François 
Published: October 2023

En parcourant ses travaux des années 1975 à 2010, Jean-François Laé découvre la très forte présence d’une figure, « les filles mères » capturées dans les filets des tribunaux, du travail social, des veilles institutionnelles. Il retrace le chemin sinueux de ses recherches et de sa propre biographie, pour réinterroger une correspondance des années 1950, des analyses de jurisprudence civile de la fin du XIXe au début du XXe siècle, des « mains courantes » de police des années 1960, des archives d’institutions sociales.
Le lent recul des violences éducatives dans les établissements de l’Éducation surveillée
Authors: Yvorel Jean-Jacques 
Published: October 2023

La réforme des établissements pour mineurs sous main de justice entreprise en 1945 exclut tout usage de la violence physique. Les textes officiels, les articles de la presse généraliste ou professionnelle relèvent tous ce rejet de la manière forte et vantent la nouvelle pédagogie. Si l’on délaisse ces sources imprimées et que l’on explore les archives comme les rapports d’inspection, les comptes rendus d’activité, les dossiers des personnels et ceux des mineurs, on perçoit alors l’écart entre les pratiques effectives et les nouvelles normes promues par les autorités. L’auteur a mené l’enquête à l’« internat approprié de Chanteloup », la structure de l’éducation surveillée la plus susceptible de rejeter les « violences pédagogiques ». Pourtant, là aussi elles subsistent et l’on mesure la force de l’habitude et la lenteur de certaines transformations dans le champ de l’éducation.
Excess mortality in Northeast Iran caused by COVID-19
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Nayereh , Hoseini Seyed Javad , Nejad-Bajestani Majid Jafari , Shakeri Mohammadtaghi , Mood Zahra Izadi , Hoseinzadeh Hamidreza , Dooghaee Mohammad Hasan Derakhshan 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
To make evidence-based decisions based on broad mortality trends for Razavi Khorasan province, Iran.

Methods:
In order to determine the baseline number of deaths, we used univariate time series analyses for monthly data from the monthly vital statistics reports (From April 2015 to March 2022). For excess mortalities, these baselines were subtracted from reported deaths with a 95% prediction interval. To compare time and causes, a P-score was calculated.

Results:
From March 2020 to March 2022, there were 61949 registered deaths, and the estimated deaths with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were 43246.16 (35718.28, 50774.05). So, in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, the death counts were 35.15% and 51.33% higher than projected. A total of 18666 cardiovascular diseases were reported and a total of 15704.46 (12006.95, 19401.96) was estimated. The P-score for this duration was 14.49% and 23.23% higher than expected. Infectious and parasitic diseases plus COVID-19 were 16633 and estimated to be 1044.87 (456.77, 1632.96). A total of 4420 diseases of the respiratory system were reported, and 4564.94 deaths were predicted (2277.43, 6852.43). In the first year of the pandemic, the P-score dropped to -35.28% and in the second year, it jumped sharply to 22.38%.

Conclusions:
Excess mortality, along with cause-specific mortality, can be helpful for monitoring trends and developing public health policies at the local, national, and international levels.
Prevalence of Hypocortisolemia in Patients with Sepsis or Septic Shock (The HIS Study) Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Pienyu Peleneilhou , Hazra Darpanarayan , Chandy Gina M. , Sharma Parth , Jeeyavudeen Mohammad S. , Abhilash Kundavaram P. P. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
Cortisol response to stressors (hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, and immune system) plays a vital role in maintaining stable metabolic homeostasis. This study was done to assess the prevalence of hypocortisolemia in patients presenting to ED with sepsis and/or septic shock.

Methods:
This prospective observational study was done from July 2020 to April 2021. Serum cortisol levels were measured in patients with sepsis and septic shock, and their clinical and laboratory profile was categorized, coded, and analyzed.

Results:
Ninety-eight patients were included, of which serum Cortisol <10 mg/dl was noted in 7 (7.2%) patients. The cohort’s mean age was 52.9 (SD: 15.3) years with a male predominance (n-61; 62.2%). Most common presenting complaint was fever (n-52; 53.1%), followed by abdominal pain (n-24; 24.5%), and breathing difficulty (n-14; 14.3%). Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg and tachycardia were seen in 63 patients (64.3%). Assessment of diet and native medication use did not demonstrate a predisposition to hypocortisolemia. The median (IQR) arterial lactate values were lower in the hypocortisolemic group: 2.2 (1.2–2.5) as compared to the non-hypocortisolemic group: 3.7 (2.2–8.0). Patients with septic shock without hypocortisolemia were noted to have a higher mean lactate level (2.6 ± 1.3 Vs 5.4 ± 3.9) and lower platelet counts compared to those with low cortisol levels. Patients with normal cortisol levels (n-38; 38.8%) still had low ACTH values.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of hypocortisolemia was lower when compared to other Indian studies. Diet and native medication use do not predispose Indians to hypocortisolemia.
Posterior to the ridge laser in zone 2 stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity with plus disease: Efficacy and safety
Authors: Sanghi Gaurav , Gupta Rajeev , Narula Sunny 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
This study aimed to ascertain the efficacy and safety of an additional posterior to the ridge laser for treatable zone 2 stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods:
This study was a retrospective chart review of infants undergoing laser treatment for ROP at a single center from March 2014 to March 2022. The chart review specifically searched for infants treated for zone 2 stage 3 ROP with plus disease, where additional posterior to the ridge laser was performed.

Results:
Seventy-eight eyes of 45 infants met the inclusion criterion. The mean birth weight and gestational age were 1166.09 ± 329.66 gm and 29 ± 2 weeks, respectively. Group 1 comprised 52 eyes treated for high-risk prethreshold stage 3 ROP, while group 2 comprised 26 eyes treated for threshold ROP. 532-nm frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (Nidek, Japan) was used in all eyes. Apart from the standard laser to the avascular retina, an additional three rows of laser were applied posterior to the ridge in all eyes during the primary laser sitting (except in two eyes where it was performed as a rescue treatment 2 weeks after the first sitting). No complications were observed during or immediately after the laser procedure. A favorable outcome was achieved in 98.07% of eyes with prethreshold ROP and 76.92% of eyes with threshold ROP. Overall, a favorable outcome was achieved in 71 (91.02%) of the 78 eyes.

Conclusion:
Posterior to the ridge laser performed in the primary sitting along with the standard laser for treatable stage 3 ROP in zone 2 is safe and effective. Further prospective studies are needed to study this underutilized approach.
Color perception on Ishihara plates with red lenses in subjects with low vision due to retinal diseases
Authors: Sodhi Punita K , Gautam Akanksha , Rao Kavya C , TR Archana , Sharma Nandini , Marimuthu Yamini 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate color perception (CP) changes on Ishihara plates following red-tinted contact lenses in subjects with low vision (LV) from retinal diseases.

Methods:
A cross-sectional observational study without control involved 84 subjects, aged 20–70 years, having LV from retinal diseases to examine CP changes following wearing red-tinted contact lenses. The subjects viewed Ishihara plates, with each eye separately, before and after wearing red lenses in two categories: “plates 1–21” and “plates 22–25”. Change in CP with the use of a red lens was the primary outcome measure.

Results:
There was a significant increase in the number of plates read in both categories, that is, plates 1–21 (P = 0.002) and plates 22–25 (P = 0.032), the latter being used to diagnose the red-green defects. Although 70 eyes could read both digits on plates 22–25 and appeared to have normal color vision (CV) at baseline, this number rose to 99 eyes following the use of red-tinted lenses. There was a significant change in the type of CP (red defect/green defect/normal/undefined defect) (P = 0.022) with the application of a red-tinted lens.

Conclusions:
The use of red-tinted lenses caused a significant increase in the number of plates read, increased the number of subjects who appeared normal on plates 22–25, and significantly changed CP of LV subjects. These lenses can be a valuable aid for LV subjects. Although Ishihara plates can diagnose only red-green defects, further studies on CV testing techniques that detect both red-green and blue-yellow CV defects are recommended.
Demographic and microbiological profile of corneal ulcer patients presenting at a tertiary healthcare center of Eastern India during the COVID era: A hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Aftab Naila , Raj Amit , Chandra Bhawesh , Pati Binod Kumar , Singh Prabhakar 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
To determine the demographic and microbiological profile involved in the causation of corneal ulcers in Eastern India during the COVID era.

Method:
Patients presenting with corneal ulcers fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken as the case. The study duration was from January 2021 to December 2021. Socio-demographic details and information about risk factors were noted. A detailed corneal examination followed by corneal scraping was performed for microbiological evaluation.

Results:
In 1 year, 99 infective corneal ulcer patients were evaluated. Farmers (24.2%) were found to be maximally affected by corneal ulcers. The peak in cases was recorded from October to December (38.4%). Ocular trauma was the commonest risk factor (42.4%). The majority (80.8%) of patients were already on some topical antimicrobials. 22.2% of samples showed fungal filaments on KOH mount; 54.5% of these cases turned out to be culture-positive. 17.56% of KOH-negative samples turned out to be culture-positive (fungal). Overall, the culture positivity rate was 28.28% out of which fungal isolates were 89.28% and bacterial isolates were 10.72%. Fusarium species were identified as the most common organism contributing 42.85%, followed by Aspergillus fumigatus (14.28%). 10.72% of cases were culture positive for Pseudomonas aeuroginosa.

Conclusion:
Trauma with the organic matter was the predominant cause of fungal keratitis. In this study, fungal keratitis was found to be more common. Fusarium was the most common isolate.
Surgical outcomes in aggressive retinopathy of prematurity (AROP)-related retinal detachments
Authors: Sen Parveen , Bhende Pramod , Maitra Puja 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
Aggressive retinopathy of prematurity (AROP) is a severe and progressive variant of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) rapidly forming fibrous tissue extending from the disc toward the posterior lens surface progressing to Stage 5 disease without traversing the classical course that includes Stages 1 to 3. Since AROP behaves differently from type 1 ROP, this study was undertaken to evaluate the surgical outcome of AROP-related detachments.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of data from electronic medical records of babies diagnosed with AROP-related detachments who underwent micro-incision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) was included. The demographic data, details of primary intervention (laser and/or intravitreal bevacizumab), and surgery were noted. In a subset of patients, surgical intervention was planned early at the onset of fibrovascular tissue.

Results:
43 eyes of 26 babies with median birth weight 1175 g and median gestational age of 29 weeks were analyzed. 42/43 eyes underwent primary intervention in form of laser and/or anti-VEGF injection before surgery. 41.8%, 25.5%, and 32.5% eyes progressed to stages 4A, 4B, and 5, respectively, requiring surgical intervention. 66% eyes underwent lensectomy and vitrectomy (LV), and 44% eyes underwent lens sparring vitrectomy (LSV). 58% eyes had attached macula. 44% eyes that had a relatively less vascular diseases had better anatomical outcome (P = 0.019). At final follow-up, 53.4% eyes followed or at least had light fixation, and 77.7% eyes undergoing LSV fixated and/or followed light compared to 33% for LV (P = 0.04).

Conclusion:
Challenges in AROP include rapid progression to advanced stages of ROP requiring close monitoring and multiple interventions. Surgeries for AROP have a favorable anatomical and functional outcome in 58% and 53%, respectively. Eyes undergoing lens sparing vitrectomy had better visual outcomes.
Understanding pseudopapilledema on spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Bassi Shikha Talwar , Pamu Ramesh , Varghese Anjaly 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
Optic nerve head drusen (ONHD), peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS), and horizontal hyperreflective lines (HHL) are commonly seen in eyes with pseudopapilledema on enhanced depth imaging (EDI) spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT). The objective of this study is to assess the frequency of ONHD, PHOMS, and HHL on spectral domain OCT in the eyes diagnosed to have pseudopapilledema.

Methods:
A retrospective case–control study included patients diagnosed as pseudopapilledema and had EDI SD OCT imaging of the optic nerve head (n = 48 eyes) and controls (n = 20 eyes). OCT scans through the optic nerve head were studied to diagnose ONHD, HHL, and PHOMS. One proportion z test was used to find the difference in proportions.

Results:
Forty eight eyes of 27 subjects were studied. ONHD as described by the optic disc drusen Studies consortium was noted in 19 eyes (39.48%), P value-0.032, PHOMS in 31 eyes (64.6%), P value 0.043, HL in 19 eyes (39.48%), P value 0.032, and none of the normals had ONHD, PHOMS, and HHL.

Conclusions:
PHOMS are more frequently seen than ONHD and HHL in eyes with pseudopapilledema.
Surgical and visual outcomes after vitreoretinal surgery for complex retinal capillary hemangioblastoma
Authors: Raval Vishal R , Agarwal Aniruddha , Tyagi Mudit 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
We evaluated the anatomical and functional outcomes after vitreoretinal surgery for complex retinal capillary hemangioblastoma (RCH).

Methods:
This was a retrospective case series of 15 patients (16 eyes) with tractional or combined retinal detachment (RD) managed with pars plana vitrectomy and tumor endoresection (ER) with/without feeder vessel ligation.

Results:
The mean age at the time of surgery was 30 years (range, 14–46 years). The most common tumor locations were inferotemporal (six eyes) and temporal (six eyes) quadrants. Indications for surgery included exudative RD with fibrovascular proliferation (eight eyes), combined RD (five eyes), vitreous hemorrhage (four eyes), and rhegmatogenous RD (two eyes). Tumor destruction was performed with laser and/or cryotherapy in nine eyes (57%) and ER in seven eyes (43%). Feeder vessel was ligated and cauterized in 10 (63%) and six eyes (37%), respectively. Anatomical success after initial surgery was 50% (eight eyes), which improved to 88% (14 eyes) after they underwent a repeat procedure for recurrent RD (eight eyes). At the last visit, visual acuity improved in seven eyes (44%), was stable in four eyes (25%), and worsened in five eyes (31%) with a mean follow-up of 29 months (6–79 months). Comparison between the ER group and the laser/cryotherapy group revealed no significant difference in final retinal reattachment rate (89% vs. 86%, P > 0.05), with better visual outcomes in laser/cryotherapy group (57% vs. 78%, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Pars plana vitrectomy with/without tumor endoresection can be a safe and effective treatment option for complex RCHs, achieving good tumor control and anatomical success with limited functional success.
Usefulness of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia ROP (CHOP ROP) model in the prediction of type 1 ROP
Authors: Jain Barkha , Sethi Neha K , Sethi Amanpreet , Arora Rhythm , Gupta Twinkle , Kaur Harnoor 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia retinopathy of prematurity (CHOP ROP) model can be used to predict ROP, a leading cause of childhood blindness, using risk factors such as postnatal weight gain, birth weight (BW), and gestation age (GA). The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of the CHOP ROP for the prediction of treatable ROP.

Methods:
This was a prospective observational study. Babies <34 weeks of GA, BW <2000 grams, and GA 34–36 weeks with risk factors such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were included; ROP screening, follow-up, and treatment were performed based on national guidelines. The average daily postnatal weight gain was measured, and the CHOP nomogram was plotted. Babies were categorized as high risk or low risk based on the “CHOP” alarm. The sensitivity and specificity of the CHOP ROP for the detection of treatable ROP were determined. In case of poor sensitivity, a new cutoff alarm level was planned using logistic regression analysis.

Results:
Of 62 screened infants, 23 infants did not fulfill the criteria of the CHOP algorithm and were excluded. Thus, in the study on 39 infants, the predictive model with an alarm level of 0.014 had 100% specificity and 20% sensitivity. With the “new” alarm level (cutoff) of 0.0003, the CHOP nomogram could detect all the infants who developed treatable ROP, that is, sensitivity increased to 100% but specificity decreased to 10.5%.

Conclusion:
The CHOP ROP model with a cutoff point (0.014) performed poorly in predicting severe ROP in the study. Thus, there is a need to develop inclusive and more sensitive tailor-made algorithms.
Surgical management of glaucoma in microspherophakia using quadruple procedure
Authors: Rajendrababu Sharmila R , Ramesh Sujitha , Kannan Naresh B , Rao Mythri K 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Microspherophakia is a rare developmental lens anomaly with increased anteroposterior and reduced equatorial diameter. It presents with refractive myopia, shallow anterior chamber, and angle closure glaucoma. It is associated with subluxated or dislocated lens, progressive myopia, defective accommodation, and glaucoma. Glaucoma is the most common vision-threatening complication and mostly requires surgical management that includes trabeculectomy, lensectomy, and drainage implant. A staged or combined procedure can be performed. The purpose of this video is to highlight the advantages of combining parsplana vitrectomy (PPV) with parsplana lensectomy (PPL), scleral fixated intraocular lens (SFIOL), and Aurolab aqueous drainage implant (AADI) in a young patient with advanced glaucoma and gross subluxation. Drainage implants are preferred over filtering surgeries in eyes undergoing vitreoretinal procedures due to the risk of bleb fibrosis and hypotony seen in the latter. The combined procedures should be tailored according to the lens status and severity of glaucoma in each patient.

Purpose:
The purpose of this video is to illustrate a combined quadruple procedure (PPL, PPV, SFIOL, and AADI) in microspherophakic patients with unstable glaucoma and video-based skill transfer to a novice surgeon.

Synopsis:
This video illustrates quadruple surgery in a microspherophakic patient with secondary angle closure glaucoma. The authors also emphasize the advantages of a combined quadruple procedure over staged procedure or combined PPL with filtering procedure.

Highlights:
Quadruple procedure can be performed in young microspherophakic patients with advanced glaucoma or at risk of progression and losing central vision along with gross subluxation of lens. It eliminates the need for multiple procedures, the risk of hypotony, and bleb-related complications.

Video link:
https://youtu.be/KdFjb7acXCI