bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomically Dispersed Iron Active Sites on Covalent Organic Frameworks for Artificial Photosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Li Zhuwei , Shi Xiaoran , Cheng Huijie , Song Yurou , Jiao Yuye , Shi Shaobo , Gao Junfeng , Hou Jungang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis has been regarded as a promising solution toward solar energy conversion, generating storable and transportable chemical fuels such as hydrogen (H2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, the design of robust catalytic sites not only affects the activity, but also identify the atomic‐level correlation between active sites and natural photosynthesis performance. Herein, a synthesis method of single‐atomic Iron (Fe) active sites anchored on novel covalent organic framework (COF) for the production of H2O2 under visible light irradiation. When benzyl alcohol is the most sacrificial agent, the state‐of‐the‐art Fe‐based COF exhibits an excellent H2O2 generation rate of 4130 µmol g−1 h−1, over 5.3 times higher than that of pristine COF, achieving an apparent quantum yield of 6.4% at 420 nm. The enhanced photocatalytic performance is ascribed to the synergistic effect of atomically dispersed Fe sites and COF hosts, reducing the reaction energy barrier for the formation of *OOH intermediates and optimizing the adsorption of O2 and thus promoting two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This work establishes an atomic‐level engineering approach to build atomically dispersed Fe active sites on COF photocatalysts and provides in‐depth insight upon the ORR mechanism for promising artificial photosynthesis of H2O2.
Epoxidized esters of succinic acid, oleic acid and propylene glycol as an effective bioplasticizer for PVC: A study of processing conditions on the physico‐chemical properties
Authors: Ledniowska Kerstin , Janik Weronika , Nosal‐Kovalenko Hanna , Sabura Ewa , Basiak Ewelina , Jaszkiewicz Anna , Rybak Aleksandra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe present study evaluated the use of epoxidized esters of succinic acid, oleic acid, and propylene glycol as a bioplasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and compared the results with the commercial phthalate plasticizer di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate. The chemical properties, structure, and biodegradation of the obtained bioplasticizer were analyzed. In order to analyze the influence of different PVC processing conditions on the properties of the obtained samples, the gelation process was carried out at 170, 180, 190, and 200°C at a time of 1.5–10.0 min. Mechanical properties, thermal characteristics, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, plasticizer migration, and color change were determined for the resulting plasticized PVC samples. The performed studies allowed to confirm the obtaining of a biodegradable bioplasticizer (after 28 days, the decomposition rate in respirometry test was 72.7%). The optimal conditions for PVC processing were determined. For them the properties of the obtained material were superior. Processing PVC at 170°C for 7.5 min proved to be the most optimal conditions for the bioplasticizer synthesized in this study. Under these conditions, tensile strength of about 23 MPa and elongation at break of 200% were obtained, while plasticizer migration was very low (4.4% after 7 days and 6.8% after 28 days).
Production of the prolyl endoprotease (PEP) from Aspergillus sp. FSDE 16 by solid‐state fermentation (SSF) and use for producing a gluten‐free beer
Authors: Almeida Thaís Cartaxo de , Santos Sharline Florentino de Melo , Santos Everaldo Silvino dos 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBeer is a beverage that contains gluten and cannot be consumed by people with celiac disease. In this context, the enzyme prolyl endoprotease (PEP) can be used to reduce the gluten content in beer. The present study aimed to produce the PEP from Aspergillus sp. FSDE 16 using solid‐state fermentation with 5 conditions and comparing with a similar commercial enzyme produced from Aspergillus niger in the production of a gluten‐free beer. The results of the performed cultures showed that during the culture, the most increased protease activity (54.46 U/mL) occurred on the 4th day. In contrast, for PEP, the highest activity (0.0356 U/mL) was obtained on the 3rd day of culture in condition. Regarding beer production, cell growth, pH, and total soluble solids showed similar behavior over the 7 days for beers produced without enzyme addition or with the addition of commercial enzyme and with the addition of the enzyme extract produced. The addition of the enzyme and the enzyme extract did not promote changes, and all the beers produced showed similar and satisfactory results, with acid pH between 4 and 5, total soluble solids ranging from 4.80 to 5.05, alcohol content ranging from 2.83% to 3.08%, and all beers having a dark character with deep amber and light copper color. Gluten removal was effectively using the commercial enzyme and the enzyme produced according to condition (v) reaching gluten concentrations equal to 17 ± 5.31 and 21.19 ± 11.28 ppm, respectively. In this way, the production of the enzyme by SSF and its application in the removal of gluten in beer was efficient.
Converting a Commercial Separator into a Thin‐film Multi‐Layer Hybrid Solid Electrolyte for Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Herbers Lukas , Fettkether William , Stuckenberg Silvan , Berghus Debbie , Martin Steve W. , Winter Martin , Bieker Peter 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo address the manifold challenges solid electrolytes (SE) do face in NMC‖Lithium metal batteries, we demonstrate that these can be overcome by converting a commercial Celgard 2500 separator into a jack of all trades hybrid solid electrolyte (HSE). This approach follows a multi‐layer electrolyte strategy, to better cope with the very different chemistries of the cathode, the bulk electrolyte material, and the Li metal anode. A cathode‐facing electrolyte layer based on lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LATP) provides a high voltage stability of ≥4.5 V. High mechanical strength of the overall thin film electrolyte (≤50 μm) is achieved with a middle layer based on Celgard 2500. The layer on the anode side, based on polyethylene oxide (PEO), allows stable cycling of the lithium metal. High Coulombic efficiencies in NMC622‖Li metal cells (99.9 %) and LFP‖Li metal cells (99.9 %) enable long term cycling with high‐capacity retention of 46 % and 52 % after 1,000 cycles, respectively.
Effect of tunable acidic properties on the selectivity of biofuel candidate 2,5‐bis (propoxymethyl)furan (BPMF) using Sn‐Hβ and Sn‐dAlHβ catalysts
Authors: Rana Srujal P. , Rana Paresh H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract2,5‐Bis(propoxymethyl)furan (BPMF) is a potential biofuel candidate but it is difficult to synthesize it selectively. The Lewis acid sites and Brønsted acid sites of the catalyst play a key role BPMF's selectivity. In the present work, the effect of tunable acidic properties such as the Lewis and Brønsted acidity of Sn‐Hβ and Sn‐dAlβ (Sn in dealuminated Hβ) catalysts on the selectivity of BPMF was studied by carrying out one‐pot reductive etherification of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) using 2‐propanol as a hydrogen donor. The catalysts that were prepared underwent analysis using techniques such as temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3‐TPD), powder X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, pyridine‐IR spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurement, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Under the optimized reaction conditions, which included a temperature of 150 °C, a catalyst loading of 0.25 g, a reaction time of 4 h, and a concentration of 1 g of 5‐HMF, impressive results were obtained: 93.57% conversion of 5‐HMF and 98.54% selectivity towards BPMF. It was observed that the catalysts remained active for up to five cycles and slight/moderate change was observed in the conversion of 5‐HMF, while the selectivity of BPMF remained intact.
Erythrocyte PIG‐A mutant frequencies in cancer patients receiving cisplatin
Authors: Dobrovolsky Vasily N. , Atiq Omar T. , Heflich Robert H. , Maisha Mackean , McKinzie Page B. , Pearce Mason G. , Robison Timothy W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCisplatin is a primary chemotherapy choice for various solid tumors. DNA damage caused by cisplatin results in apoptosis of tumor cells. Cisplatin‐induced DNA damage, however, may also result in mutations in normal cells and the initiation of secondary malignancies. In the current study, we have used the erythrocyte PIG‐A assay to evaluate mutagenesis in non‐tumor hematopoietic tissue of cancer patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy.MethodsTwenty‐one head and neck cancer patients undergoing treatment with cisplatin were monitored for the presence of PIG‐A mutant total erythrocytes and the young erythrocytes, reticulocytes (RETs), in peripheral blood for up to five and a half months from the initiation of the anti‐neoplastic chemotherapy.ResultsPIG‐A mutant frequency (MF) in RETs increased at least two‐fold in 15 patients at some point of the monitoring, while the frequency of total mutant RBCs increased at least two‐fold in 6 patients. A general trend for an increase in the frequency of mutant RETs and total mutant RBCs was observed in 19 and 18 patients, respectively. Only in one patient did both RET and total RBC PIG‐A MFs did not increase at any time‐point over the monitoring period.ConclusionCisplatin chemotherapy induces moderate increases in the frequency of  PIG‐A mutant erythrocytes in head and neck cancer patients. Mutagenicity measured with the flow cytometric PIG‐A assay may serve as a tool for predicting adverse outcomes of genotoxic antineoplastic therapy.
Synthesis of DNA‐Boron Cluster Composites and Assembly into Functional Nanoparticles with Dual, Anti‐EGFR, and Anti‐c‐MYC Oncogene Silencing Activity
Authors: Bednarska‐Szczepaniak Katarzyna , Ebenryter‐Olbińska Katarzyna , Gajek Gabriela , Śmiałkowski Krzysztof , Suwara Justyna , Fiedorowicz Lidia , Leśnikowski Zbigniew 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA versatile method for the automated synthesis of composites containing DNA‐oligonucleotides and boron cluster scaffolds and their assembly into functional nanoparticles is described. The obtained, torus‐like nanoparticles carry antisense oligonucleotides that target two different oncogenes simultaneously. The nanoparticles exhibited notable silencing efficiency in vitro in a pancreatic carcinoma cell line PANC‐1 toward EGFR and c‐Myc genes at the mRNA level, and a significant efficiency at the protein level. The proposed approach may be an attractive alternative to methods currently used, including one therapeutic nucleic acid, one genetic target, or the use of cocktails of therapeutic nucleic acids.
From salt to ionic substance: a language‐responsive teaching sequence for discovering salts in the Dead Sea
Authors: Gieske Robert , Streller Sabine , Bolte Claus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractViele Schüler:innen stehen im Chemieunterricht vor großen Herausforderungen, wenn von ihnen verlangt wird, fachliches und konzeptionelles Wissen aufzubauen sowie gleichzeitig bildungs‐ und fachsprachliche Kompetenzen zu erwerben. In aller Regel bestimmen die sprachlichen Fähigkeiten in der Bildungs‐ und Unterrichtssprache Deutsch bereits, inwieweit Lernende überhaupt in der Lage sind, am Unterrichtsdiskurs teilzunehmen: Fehlen entsprechende bildungs‐ und fachsprachliche Kenntnisse, so führt das zumeist dazu, dass die fachliche Lernentwicklung hinter den Möglichkeiten der Lernenden zurückbleibt. Der Ansatz Disaggregate Instruction im Chemieunterricht (DICE) nimmt für sich in Anspruch, Schüler:innen mit sprachlichen Förderbedarfen nachweislich darin zu unterstützen, ein solides Verständnis chemiebezogener Fachkonzepte aufzubauen und fachsprachliche Kompetenzen auszubilden. In diesem Artikel stellen wir die Konzeption eines Lehr‐Lern‐Arrangements unter Anwendung von sprachsensiblen DICE‐ und Scaffolding Prinzipien sowie ausgewählte Unterrichtsmaterialien vor.
Bacteria and viruses and clinical outcomes of asthma‐bronchiectasis overlap syndrome: A cohort study
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐xian , He Jia‐hui , Pan Cui‐xia , He Zhen‐feng , Li Hui‐min , Lin Zhen‐hong , Zhang Xiao‐fen , Cen Lai‐jian , Zhang Ri‐lan , Shi Ming‐xin , Guan Wei‐jie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite the high prevalence of co‐existing bronchiectasis and asthma (asthma‐bronchiectasis overlap syndrome [ABOS]), little is known regarding the dominant pathogens and clinical correlates.ObjectiveTo investigate the bacteria and viruses which differentially dominate in ABOS (including its subtypes) compared with bronchiectasis alone, and determine their relevance with bronchiectasis severity and exacerbations.MethodsThis was a prospective observational cohort study conducted between March 2017 and August 2023. We included 81 patients with ABOS and 107 patients with bronchiectasis alone. At steady‐state baseline, patients underwent comprehensive assessments and sputum collection for bacterial culture and viral detection (quantitative polymerase‐chain‐reaction). Patients were followed‐up to record exacerbation and spirometry.ResultsPatients with ABOS had significantly higher symptom burden and exacerbation frequency than those with bronchiectasis alone. Despite similar pathogen spectrum, the rate of bacteria–virus co‐detection increased less substantially at acute exacerbations (AE) onset than at steady‐state compared with bronchiectasis alone. Pathogenic bacteria (particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were detected fairly common (exceeding 50%) in ABOS and were associated with greater severity of bronchiectasis when stable and conferred greater exacerbation risks at follow‐up. Viral but not bacterial compositions changed substantially at AE onset compared with clinical stability. Higher blood eosinophil count, moderate‐to‐severe bronchiectasis and non‐atopy were associated with higher odds of bacterial, but not viral, detection (all p < 0.05).ConclusionDetection of bacteria or virus is associated with bronchiectasis severity or clinical outcomes in ABOS. This highlights the importance of integrating sputum microbial assessment for ascertaining the dominant pathophysiology (atopy vs. infection) and longitudinal trajectory prediction in ABOS.
Host and floral communities shape parasite prevalence and reproduction in intensively managed forests
Authors: Ponisio Lauren C. , Cohen Hamutahl , Galbraith Sara M. , Zorn Jocelyn , Zitomer Rachel A. , Rivers James W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how working landscapes can maintain viable wildlife populations is key to evaluating their conservation potential. We assessed the potential of intensively managed conifer forests for supporting healthy, productive bee populations in one of the major timber‐growing regions of the world, the Pacific Northwest. We examined the direct effect of the number of years post‐harvest and other forest characteristics on flowering plant and bee communities and their indirect effect on parasite prevalence (Apicystis spp., Ascosphaera spp., and Crithidia spp.) and reproduction of a native, forest‐dwelling solitary bee (Osmia lignaria). Forest characteristics, including the time elapsed since harvest, influenced floral and bee community diversity and abundance and indirectly impacted parasite prevalence and offspring production. We found that increased bee diversity was associated with reduced parasite prevalence—consistent with a dilution effect—but the strength of the relationship varied across the different parasites. Additionally, bee abundance was more consistently associated with increased parasite prevalence, providing evidence of amplification. Floral abundance was only associated with lower Apicystis spp. prevalence. Across all parasite models, however, the values were <20%, indicating that additional factors shape bee communities beyond those we examined. Offspring production was positively related to floral diversity but not to parasite prevalence. Our results suggest that managing floral diversity is critical to enhancing the value of these landscapes for wild bee communities, both directly through promoting bee diversity and reproduction, and indirectly through facilitating parasite dilution.
Large and thin leaves are compromised more by chewers
Authors: Zhu Jiangling , Sun Lijuan , He Chenqi , Cai Qiong , Zhu Jianxiao , Ji Chengjun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA major proportion of primary production is lost to insect herbivory. Leaf functional traits representing defense costs and palatability explain the intensity of herbivory at local scales. However, whether leaf traits explain herbivory at large scales needs clarification. By combining a leaf herbivory database and the TRY plant‐trait database, we compared 190 species from 65 families across 45 sites in nine countries. We hypothesized that defensive and/or nutrient‐poor leaves would compromise herbivory less globally. Both the absolute and percentage of maximum leaf‐area loss were higher in the tropical zone. Larger leaves lost more disproportionate areas to chewer herbivores whenever phylogenetic signals were considered. Thin leaves with low leaf mass per area (LMA) and short lifespan were compromised more by herbivory based on the leaf trait syndrome. Although thin leaves were rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium, only leaf nitrogen marginally explained the loss of leaf area. The contribution of leaf area dominated the herbivory intensity among all other morphological and chemical traits. Overall, the benefits of chewers on herbivory were based on leaf area, because the loss of leaf biomass and nitrogen increased proportionally with its loss. Leaf construction costs, but not nutrient content, determined the intensity of herbivory globally. However, the overall percentage of loss in leaf area was not high, demonstrating the importance of elucidating the relationship between leaf functional traits and induced defense in future studies.
Sarcopenia prognosis using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and prediction model in older patients with heart failure
Authors: Saito Hiroshi , Matsue Yuya , Maeda Daichi , Kagiyama Nobuyuki , Endo Yoshiko , Yoshioka Kenji , Mizukami Akira , Minamino Tohru 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to determine whether there is a difference in the prognostic value of sarcopenia diagnosed using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and that predicted by prediction equations in older patients with heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsWe included 269 patients (aged ≥65 years) who were hospitalized for HF. We used two appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) prediction equations: (i) Anthropometric‐ASM, including age, sex, height, and weight, and (ii) Predicted‐ASM, including sex, weight, calf circumference, and mid‐arm circumference. ASM index (ASMI) was calculated by dividing the sum of the ASM in the extremities by the height squared (kg/m2). The cut‐off values proposed by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 were used to define low ASMI. The prognostic endpoint was all‐cause mortality. The median age of the cohort was 83 years [interquartile range (IQR): 75–87], and 135 patients (50.2%) were men. Sarcopenia diagnosed according to DEXA, Anthropometric measurements, and Predicted‐ASM was observed in 134 (49.8%), 171 (63.6%), and 157 (58.4%) patients, respectively. During the median follow‐up period of 690 days (IQR: 459–730), 54 patients (19.9%) died. DEXA‐sarcopenia [hazard ratio (HR), 2.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26–4.31; P = 0.007] was associated with all‐cause mortality after adjusting for pre‐existing risk factors, whereas Predicted‐sarcopenia (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 0.87–3.25; P = 0.123) and Anthropometric‐sarcopenia (HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 0.86–3.12; P = 0.132) were not.ConclusionsSarcopenia diagnosed using DEXA was associated with poor prognosis in older patients with HF; however, the prediction equations were not.
Crystallization of the Fundamental Tetracyanamidometallates Li4[Si(CN2)4] and Li4[Ge(CN2)4] from Polymeric Li‐T‐(NCN)‐I Precursors (T=Si, Ge)
Authors: Röseler Kai Daniel , Eichele Klaus , Ströbele Markus , Meyer Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe tetracyanamidometallates Li4[T(CN2)4] with T=Si, Ge were prepared by solid‐state metathesis (SSM) reactions between TI4 and Li2(CN2). The new compounds Li4[T(CN2)4] are obtained as crystalline phases in high yields and represent the most basic examples of the family of tetracyanamidometallates. The formation of these compounds, via SiI4 and Li2(CN2), is analyzed by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The [Si(CN2)4]4− ion in the structure of Li4[Si(CN2)4] can be considered an analogue to the [SiO4]4− ion in Li4SiO4. The crystal structures of Li4[T(CN2)4] were solved and refined isotypically on the basis of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data in the space group C2/c, and further characterized by infrared and solid‐state NMR techniques.
Population‐based analysis of the human development index and risk factors for head and neck cancer
Authors: Chien I‐An , Hsu Yi‐Chiung , Tsai Chung‐Hsin , Cheng Shih‐Ping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to investigate global variations in incidence and mortality and their associations to possible risk factors for prompt cancer prevention and control.MethodsEstimates of incidence and mortality rates for six types of head and neck cancer were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database. Summary exposure values for level‐two risk factors were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease. Regression models adjusting for the human development index (HDI) were constructed to analyze correlations between age‐standardized rates and risk factors.ResultsThe incidence rates of multiple types of head and neck cancer were positively associated with HDI tiers. In addition to tobacco use and alcohol consumption, high systolic blood pressure was associated with the incidence and mortality of cancers of the salivary glands, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx. Dietary risks were linked to cancers of the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and hypopharynx.ConclusionsThis comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into possible risk factors for head and neck cancer.