bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heavier Precipitation in Response to Longer-Lasting Tropical Cyclones and Rapid Urbanization over the Yangtze River Delta of Eastern China
Authors: Wei Lihong , Gu Xihui , Slater Louise J. , Lai Yangchen , Kong Dongdong , Liu Jianyu , Li Jianfeng , Zhang Xiang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Precipitation induced by tropical cyclones (TCs) over cities is associated with both TC duration and urbanization; however, observational evidence of the impacts of TC duration and urbanization on precipitation in megalopolises is limited. In this study, the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of eastern China is taken as a typical region because this region has been experiencing both rapid urbanization processes and frequent TC attacks. During 1979–2018, we find reduced translation speed and increased meandering of TCs over the YRD, resulting in increased TC duration and the proportion of TC stalling in this region. The correlation between TC duration and TC-induced precipitation amount is significant across the YRD region but is relatively weak in areas with faster urbanization expansion rates. Long-term increases in TC-induced precipitation are found in both rural and urban areas but are larger for urban areas. Urbanization plays an important role in enhancing TC-induced precipitation over urban areas of the YRD region. Areas with faster urbanization expansion rates and longer TC durations have larger TC-induced precipitation, suggesting that urban expansion and TC duration jointly amplify TC-induced precipitation. Our findings suggest that urban planners, in areas potentially affected by TCs, should consider adaptation measures to mitigate the impacts of urban rainstorms amplified by the combined effects of TCs and urbanization.

Significance Statement
The combined impacts of tropical cyclone (TC) duration and urbanization on precipitation have received limited attention, especially in populated urban areas. Here, we focus on the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of eastern China, an urban agglomeration frequently impacted by TCs. We find that slowed translation and increased meandering of TCs have led to longer TC duration and stalling over the 500-km YRD buffer during 1979–2018. Significant positive correlation between TC duration and TC-induced precipitation indicates that longer-lasting TCs trigger greater precipitation. The greater TC-induced precipitation due to increased TC duration is further amplified by urban expansion.
Is Traumatic Anterior Stove-In Chest Truly so Rare? A Single Institution Experience
Authors: Meyer Courtney H. , Aworanti Eunice , Santos Adora , Castater Christine , Bauman Zachary M. , Archer-Arroyo Krystal , Sola Richard , Grant April , Smith Randi N. , Sciarretta Jason D. , Nguyen Jonathan H. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction The anterior stove-in chest (ASIC) is a rare form of flail chest involving bilateral rib or sternal fractures resulting in an unstable chest wall that caves into the thoracic cavity. Given ASIC has only been described in a handful of case reports, this study sought to review our institution’s experience in the surgical management of ASIC injuries. Methods A retrospective review of patients with ASIC was conducted at our level I trauma center from 1//2021 to 3//2023. Information pertaining to patient demographics, fracture pattern, operative management, and outcomes was obtained and compared across patients in the case series. Results 6 patients met inclusion criteria, all males aged 37-78 years. 5 suffered motor vehicle collisions, and 1 was a pedestrian struck by an automobile. The median injury severity score was 28. All received ORIF within 5 days of admission, most commonly for ongoing respiratory distress. Patients 2 and 4 underwent bilateral ORIF of the ribs and sternum while patients 1, 5, and 6 underwent left-sided repair. Patient 3 required ORIF of left ribs and the sternum to stabilize their injuries. 5 of 6 patients were liberated from the ventilator and survived to discharge. Conclusions This study demonstrates successful operative management of 6 patients with ASIC and suggests that early operative intervention with ORIF for affected segments may improve respiratory mechanics, ability to wean from the ventilator, and overall survival. Further research is needed to generate standardized guidelines for the management of this uncommon and complex thoracic injury.
A systematic review of the risk management frameworks for potentially toxic chemical elements
Authors: Ngwenya Sheunesu , Mashau Ntsieni S , Mhlongo Sphiwe E , Traoré Afsatou N 
Published: October 2023

In the last 50 years, various frameworks have been used to control and manage potentially toxic chemical risks; however, these chemicals continue to negatively impact environmental and human health. This work was intended to provide a systematic review of the literature on essential aspects of current risk management frameworks for potentially toxic chemicals. The frameworks were reviewed using Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) principles that focus on elements, successes, shortcomings, similarities, and dissimilarities premised on the experiences of many countries. Keywords such as heavy metals, health risk, industrial chemicals, potentially toxic elements, chemical pollutants, and risk management framework were utilised to search the literature from databases and other sources. Ten risk framework documents selected from an initial yield of 1349 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow processes met the inclusion criteria. The key elements of risk frameworks that were identified included the risk assessment paradigm, iteration, tiered approach, weight of evidence, uncertainty analysis, and multi-criteria decision analysis among others. Notable gaps in risk frameworks that required improvements to effectively manage health risks posed by potentially toxic chemicals were identified. While existing risk frameworks have made significant contributions to human health and environmental protection, new and comprehensive frameworks are needed to address the novel and dynamic risks posed by toxic industrial chemicals. Also, there is a need to promote the use of risk management frameworks in developing countries through technology transfer and the provision of financial assistance to improve environmental and public health protection from toxic chemicals.
Global stroke statistics 2023: Availability of reperfusion services around the world
Authors: Kim Joosup , Olaiya Muideen T , De Silva Deidre A , Norrving Bo , Bosch Jackie , De Sousa Diana A , Christensen Hanne K , Ranta Anna , Donnan Geoffrey A , Feigin Valery , Martins Sheila , Schwamm Lee H , Werring David J , Howard George , Owolabi Mayowa , Pandian Jeyaraj , Mikulik Robert , Thayabaranathan Tharshanah , Cadilhac Dominique A 
Published: October 2023

Background: Disparities in the availability of reperfusion services for acute ischemic stroke are considerable globally and require urgent attention. Contemporary data on the availability of reperfusion services in different countries are used to provide the necessary evidence to prioritize where access to acute stroke treatment is needed. Aims: To provide a snapshot of published literature on the provision of reperfusion services globally, including when facilitated by telemedicine or mobile stroke unit services. Methods: We searched PubMed to identify original articles, published up to January 2023 for the most recent, representative, and relevant patient-level data for each country. Keywords included thrombolysis, endovascular thrombectomy and telemedicine. We also screened reference lists of review articles, citation history of articles, and the gray literature. The information is provided as a narrative summary. Results: Of 11,222 potentially eligible articles retrieved, 148 were included for review following de-duplications and full-text review. Data were also obtained from national stroke clinical registry reports, Registry of Stroke Care Quality (RES-Q) and PRE-hospital Stroke Treatment Organization (PRESTO) repositories, and other national sources. Overall, we found evidence of the provision of intravenous thrombolysis services in 70 countries (63% high-income countries (HICs)) and endovascular thrombectomy services in 33 countries (68% HICs), corresponding to far less than half of the countries in the world. Recent data (from 2019 or later) were lacking for 35 of 67 countries with known year of data (52%). We found published data on 74 different stroke telemedicine programs (93% in HICs) and 14 active mobile stroke unit pre-hospital ambulance services (80% in HICs) around the world. Conclusion: Despite remarkable advancements in reperfusion therapies for stroke, it is evident from available patient-level data that their availability remains unevenly distributed globally. Contemporary published data on availability of reperfusion services remain scarce, even in HICs, thereby making it difficult to reliably ascertain current gaps in the provision of this vital acute stroke treatment around the world.
An observational study to assess validity and reliability of smartphone sensor-based gait and balance assessments in multiple sclerosis: Floodlight GaitLab protocol
Authors: Rinderknecht Mike D , Zanon Mattia , Boonstra Tjitske A , Angelini Lorenza , Stanev Dimitar , Chan Gabriela González , Bunn Lisa , Dondelinger Frank , Hosking Richard , Freeman Jenny , Hobart Jeremy , Marsden Jonathan , Craveiro Licinio 
Published: October 2023

Background Gait and balance impairments are often present in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and have a significant impact on quality of life and independence. Gold-standard quantitative tools for assessing gait and balance such as motion capture systems and force plates usually require complex technical setups. Wearable sensors, including those integrated into smartphones, offer a more frequent, convenient, and minimally burdensome assessment of functional disability in a home environment. We developed a novel smartphone sensor-based application (Floodlight) that is being used in multiple research and clinical contexts, but a complete validation of this technology is still lacking. Methods This protocol describes an observational study designed to evaluate the analytical and clinical validity of Floodlight gait and balance tests. Approximately 100 PwMS and 35 healthy controls will perform multiple gait and balance tasks in both laboratory-based and real-world environments in order to explore the following properties: (a) concurrent validity of the Floodlight gait and balance tests against gold-standard assessments; (b) reliability of Floodlight digital measures derived under different controlled gait and balance conditions, and different on-body sensor locations; (c) ecological validity of the tests; and (d) construct validity compared with clinician- and patient-reported assessments. Conclusions The Floodlight GaitLab study (ISRCTN15993728) represents a critical step in the technical validation of Floodlight technology to measure gait and balance in PwMS, and will also allow the development of new test designs and algorithms.
Reference Values and Determinants of Spatiotemporal and Kinetic Variables in Recreational Runners
Authors: Malisoux Laurent , Napier Christopher , Gette Paul , Delattre Nicolas , Theisen Daniel 
Published: October 2023

Background: Identifying atypical lower limb biomechanics may help prevent the occurrence or recurrence of running-related injuries. No reference values for spatiotemporal or kinetic variables in healthy recreational runners are available in the scientific literature to support clinical management. Purpose: To (1) present speed- and sex-stratified reference values for spatiotemporal and kinetic variables in healthy adult recreational runners; (2) identify the determinants of these biomechanical variables; and (3) develop reference regression equations that can be used as a guide in a clinical context. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: This study involved 860 healthy recreational runners (age, 19-65 years [38.5% women]) tested on an instrumented treadmill at their preferred running speed in randomly allocated, standardized running shoes with either hard or soft cushioning. Twelve common spatiotemporal and kinetic variables—including contact time, flight time, duty factor, vertical oscillation, step cadence, step length, vertical impact peak (VIP), time to VIP, vertical average loading rate, vertical stiffness, peak vertical ground-reaction force (GRF), and peak braking force—were derived from GRF recordings. Reference values for each biomechanical variable were calculated using descriptive statistics and stratified by sex and running speed category (≤7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and ≥15 km/h). Correlations and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify potential determinants independently associated with each biomechanical variable and generate reference equations. Results: The mean running speed was 10.5 ± 1.3 km/h and 9 ± 1.1 km/h in men and women, respectively. While all potential predictors were significantly correlated with many of the 12 biomechanical variables, only running speed showed high correlations ( r > 0.7). The adjusted R2 of the multiple regression equations ranged from 0.19 to 0.88. Conclusion: This study provides reference values and equations that may guide clinicians and researchers in interpreting spatiotemporal and kinetic variables in recreational runners. Clinical Relevance: The reference values can be used as targets for clinicians working with recreational runners in cases where there is a clinical suspicion of a causal relationship between atypical biomechanics and running-related injury.
Differential dissolution of interlayer, octahedral and tetrahedral cations of vermiculite in oxalic acid
Authors: Zhang Yu , Sun Hongjuan , Peng Tongjiang , Luo Liming , Zeng Li 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhysical and/or chemical changes such as refinement, component dissolution, exchange/adsorption, structural evolution and recombination of phyllosilicate minerals occur continuously in a naturally weakly acidic water environment. To compare the differential dissolution of cations that occupy various sites in vermiculite, trioctahedral vermiculite was dissolved in various concentrations of oxalate for 24 h and in 0.2 M oxalate for various durations. The concentration of ions in the leaching solution and the phase, structure and morphology of the original samples and acid-leached samples were analysed. Structural analysis showed that the 001 reflections of vermiculite gradually shifted to a higher angle and eventually disappeared after the dissolution of interlayer cations caused by acid leaching. The amount and rate of dissolution of each cation in the vermiculite showed that the octahedral cation Mg2+ is more soluble than Fe2+ and Fe3+. The dissolution rates of Al3+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were greatest in the first 4 h and then decreased gradually. Amorphous silicon dioxide and calcium oxalate were formed during acid leaching, and calcium oxalate was formed in the first 4 h. After leaching with oxalate for various periods, the cation-exchange capacity (CEC) of the samples first increased and then decreased. Micromorphology analysis showed that the acid erosion process started from the edges. The results of this work contribute to our understanding of many natural geochemical processes, and they will be useful for several applications such as soil improvement, ecological restoration and environmental protection.
Type 2 diabetes progression in an adult Ugandan population with new-onset diabetes: an observational prospective study
Authors: Kibirige Davis , Sekitoleko Isaac , Lumu William , Nyirenda Moffat J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The rate of progression of type 2 diabetes following diagnosis varies across individuals and populations. Studies investigating the progression of type 2 diabetes in adult African populations with newly diagnosed diabetes are limited. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and predictors of short-term (one year) diabetes progression in an adult Ugandan population with new-onset type 2 diabetes (type 2 diabetes diagnosed in < 3 months) initiated on oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA).

Methods
Two hundred and seven adult participants with type 2 diabetes diagnosed within the previous three months were followed up for 12 months. We investigated the association of specific demographic, clinical, and metabolic characteristics, and short-term diabetes progression (defined as glycated haemoglobin or HbA1c ≥ 8% on ≥ 2 OHA and/or treatment intensification).

Results
One hundred sixteen participants (56%) completed the follow-up period. Sixty-four participants (55.2%, 95% CI 45.7–64.4) showed evidence of diabetes progression during the 12-month period of follow-up. An HbA1c ≥ 8% on ≥ 2 OHA and treatment intensification were noted in 44.8% and 29.3% of the participants, respectively. On multivariate analysis, only the female gender (AOR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1–9.2, p = 0.03) was noted to be independently associated with short-term diabetes progression.

Conclusion
Short-term diabetes progression was relatively common in this study population and was independently associated with the female gender. Early intensified diabetes therapy in adult Ugandan female patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes should be emphasised to avert rapid short-term diabetes progression.
The burden of anemia among Chinese HIV-infected patients following the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in the treat-all era: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Wei Lai , Zhao Yan , Gan Xiumin , Zhao Decai , Wu Yasong , Dou Zhihui , Ma Ye 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
To assess the prevalence of anemia before and after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and to identify impact of anemia on mortality among HIV-infected patients in China during the Treat-All era.

Methods
All HIV-infected patients who newly initiated ART between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2020 were enrolled and followed up to December 31, 2021 in China. We analyzed the prevalence of anemia before and after ART initiation. Generalized estimating equations were fitted to determine factors associated with anemia after ART. Time-dependent cox proportional hazards models were performed to estimate the effect of anemia on death.

Results
Of 436,658 patients at the baseline of ART initiation, the overall prevalence of anemia was 28.6%. During a median 2.65 (IQR: 1.80–3.51) years of follow-up after ART initiation, 376,325 (86.2%) patients had at least one Hb measurement (a total of 955,300 hemoglobin measurements). The annual prevalence of anemia after ART was 17.0%, 14.1%, 13.4%, 12.6% and 12.7%, respectively. Being anemic at the baseline of ART initiation (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 6.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.67–6.92) was the strongest factor associated with anemia after ART. Anemia status after ART showed a strong association with death after multivariable adjustment (mild anemia: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.65, 95% CI: 2.55–2.76; moderate anemia: aHR = 4.60; 95% CI:4.40–4.81; severe anemia: aHR = 6.41; 95% CI:5.94–6.91).

Conclusions
In the era of ART universal access, pre-ART anemia was common among HIV-infected patients. Notably, a certain proportion of anemia still persisted after ART, and was significantly associated with death. We recommend strengthening the monitoring of patients at risk of anemia, especially in patients with baseline anemia or during the first year of ART, and timely treatment for correcting anemia.
Changes in radiomic and radiologic features in meningiomas after radiation therapy
Authors: Jo Sang Won , Kim Eun Soo , Yoon Dae Young , Kwon Mi Jung 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study evaluated the radiologic and radiomic features extracted from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in meningioma after radiation therapy and investigated the impact of radiation therapy in treating meningioma based on routine brain MRI.

Methods
Observation (n = 100) and radiation therapy (n = 62) patients with meningioma who underwent MRI were randomly divided (7:3 ratio) into training (n = 118) and validation (n = 44) groups. Radiologic findings were analyzed. Radiomic features (filter types: original, square, logarithm, exponential, wavelet; feature types: first order, texture, shape) were extracted from the MRI. The most significant radiomic features were selected and applied to quantify the imaging phenotype using random forest machine learning algorithms. Area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity for predicting both the training and validation sets were computed with multiple-hypothesis correction.

Results
The radiologic difference in the maximum area and diameter of meningiomas between two groups was statistically significant. The tumor decreased in the treatment group. A total of 241 series and 1691 radiomic features were extracted from the training set. In univariate analysis, 24 radiomic features were significantly different (P < 0.05) between both groups. Best subsets were one original, three first-order, and six wavelet-based features, with an AUC of 0.87, showing significant differences (P < 0.05) in multivariate analysis. When applying the model, AUC was 0.76 and 0.79 for the training and validation set, respectively.

Conclusion
In meningioma cases, better size reduction can be expected after radiation treatment. The radiomic model using MRI showed significant changes in radiomic features after radiation treatment.