bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Supplementary Tibial Fixation on Laxity Measurements after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Hamstring Tendons in Female Patients
Authors: Hill Peter F. , Russell Vivianne J. , Salmon Lucy J. , Pinczewski Leo A. 
Published: December 2004

Background Female patients undergoing arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a hamstring tendon graft developed increased postoperative laxity compared to male and female patients who had reconstruction using a patellar tendon graft. This difference may be due to graft slippage in less dense female tibial bone. Hypothesis Reinforcement of tibial fixation of the hamstring tendon graft in women by supplementary methods may reduce laxity. Study Design Randomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods Fifty-six female patients divided into 2 groups (standard tibial fixation with 7 · 25–mm metal interference screw versus metal interference screw with supplementary staple fixation) were followed for 2 years. Results After 2 years, the mean side-to-side difference using KT-1000 arthrometer manual maximum measurements was 1.8 mm (standard group) and 1.1 mm (staple group) (P =. 05). The percentage of patients with a side-to-side difference of < 3 mm did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (P =. 66): 88.8% of the standard group versus 90.5% of the staple group. A grade 0 Lachman test result was present in 63% of the standard group and 86% of the staple group (P =. 04). Kneeling pain was experienced by 7% of the standard group and 29% of the staple group (P =. 05). Conclusions Supplementary tibial fixation in female patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon graft in addition to a single-size screw significantly improves laxity measurements and clinical stability assessment 2 years after surgery. However, this improvement is at the cost of increased kneeling pain.
Arthroscopic Anterior Shoulder Stabilization of Collision and Contact Athletes
Authors: Mazzocca Augustus D. , Brown Fred M. , Carreira Dominic S. , Hayden Jennifer , Romeo Anthony A. 
Published: December 2004

Background Repair of the anterior labrum (Bankart lesion) with tightening of the ligaments (capsulorrhaphy) is the recommended treatment for recurrent anterior glenohumeral dislocations. Current evidence suggests that arthroscopic anterior stabilization methods yield similar failure rates for resubluxation and redislocation when compared to open techniques. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4 Purpose To examine the results of arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization of high-demand collision and contact athletes. Methods Thirteen collision and 5 contact athletes were identified from the senior surgeon's case registry. Analysis was limited to patients younger than 20 years who were involved in collision (football) or contact (wrestling, soccer) athletics. Objective testing included preoperative and postoperative range of motion and stability. Outcome measures included the American Shoulder and Elbow Society shoulder score, Simple Shoulder Test, SF-36, and Rowe scores. The surgical procedure was performed in a consistent manner: suture anchor repair of the displaced labrum, capsulorrhaphy with suture placement supplemented with thermal treatment of the capsule when indicated, and occasional rotator interval closure. Average follow-up was 37 months (range, 24-66 months). Results Two of 18 contact and collision athletes (11%) experienced recurrent dislocations after the procedure; both were collision athletes. One returned to play 3 years of high school football but failed after diving into a pool. One patient failed in his second season after his stabilization (> 2 years) when making a tackle. None of the contact athletes experienced a recurrent dislocation, with all of them returning to high school or college athletics. Conclusions One hundred percent of all collision and contact athletes returned to organized high school or college sports. Fifteen percent of those collision athletes had a recurrence, which has not required treatment. Participation in collision and contact athletics is not a contraindication for arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization using suture anchors, proper suture placement, capsulorrhaphy, and occasional rotator interval plication.
Stabilization of the Clavicle after Distal Resection
Authors: Corteen Darren P. , Teitge Robert A. 
Published: December 2004

Background The potential destabilizing effect of distal clavicle resection has received limited attention. Hypothesis Suturing the coracoacromial ligament to the undersurface of the distal clavicle after resection could counter clavicle instability. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods The effect of ligament augmentation on posterior translation of the clavicle after resection was evaluated using 12 fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders. Posterior clavicular displacement was measured after the application of a 70-N load under 4 different conditions: (1) the intact joint, (2) after distal clavicle resection, (3) clavicle resection plus acromioclavicular capsular ligament repair, and (4) clavicle resection plus acromioclavicular capsular ligament repair plus coracoacromial ligament augmentation. Results Mean displacements for each of the test conditions were as follows: (1) 5.60 mm, (2) 7.38 mm, (3) 7.54 mm, and (4) 6.34 mm. A 32% increase in posterior translation was measured after resection compared to the intact specimen. No reduction in posterior displacement was noted after capsular repair; however, displacement decreased significantly when capsular repair was coupled with ligament augmentation. Conclusions Results suggest that the destabilizing effect of clavicle resection can be partially countered by the proposed ligament augmentation. Clinical Relevance That the destabilizing effect of clavicle resection can be partially countered by the proposed ligament augmentation may be particularly relevant in cases of resection for posttraumatic arthritis after acromioclavicular separation in which some degree of preexisting acromioclavicular capsular attenuation and consequently acromioclavicular joint laxity may be presumed.
Potential Risk of Rerupture in Primary Achilles Tendon Repair in Athletes Younger than 30 Years of Age
Authors: Rettig Arthur C. , Liotta Ferdinand J. , Klootwyk Thomas E. , Porter David A. , Mieling Paul 
Published: December 2004

Background Complete Achilles tendon ruptures are found more often in athletes who participate in sports involving explosive acceleration or maximal effort. In most studies, the consensus for athletes is surgery. This form of treatment has been shown to exhibit the best functional performance with a lower rerupture rate. Hypothesis Achilles tendon ruptures in a young population (<30 years) have a higher rerupture rate than similar injuries in an older age group (31-50 years), in which the injury is more common. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Retrospective study was carried out by chart review. Magnetic resonance images were obtained comparing appearance of repair in young and old patients at 8 to 12 weeks after operation. Results There were a total of 4 reruptures in the 89 Achilles tendon repairs. This was an overall rerupture rate of 4.5%, which was consistent with the literature. When the reruptures were critically analyzed, it was noted that the 4 reruptures of the repaired tendon occurred in a young population. Of the 89, there was a subgroup of athletes (n = 24) who were 30 years of age or younger at the time of injury. The incidence of rerupture for these individuals was 16.6%. In the remaining athletes (n = 65) older than 30 years, the incidence of rerupture was zero. There were no significant differences (P=. 05) in all parameters measured (average days in a boot, average days to active range of motion, average time to full weight-bearing, average days to bike or use a stair climbing machine, average return to sports) between age groups except in the time from injury to surgery (7.1 days, for athletes = 30 years vs 2.65 days for athletes >31 years). Conclusions The results of Achilles tendon repair with an early weightbearing and an early range of motion rehabilitation program are good. However, caution may need to be taken in the younger athlete (= 30 years) during rehabilitation. Clinical Relevance Although the authors recommend aggressive rehabilitation for Achilles tendon repairs, caution should be observed in the younger athlete.
Arthroscopic Findings in Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability
Authors: Okuda Ryuzo , Kinoshita Mitsuo , Morikawa Junichi , Yasuda Toshito , Abe Muneaki 
Published: December 2004

Background There are few studies that have assessed the influence of focal chondral lesions on the results of ligament reconstruction for chronic lateral ankle instability. Hypothesis Focal chondral lesions do not influence the results of ligament reconstruction. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Arthroscopic examination of the ankle was performed on 30 consecutive patients immediately before ligament reconstruction using the palmaris longus tendon. Clinical assessment was performed using the Karlsson scoring scale. A radiologic assessment was performed on stress radiographs of the ankle. Preoperative anteroposterior and lateral weightbearing radiographs of the ankle did not show any joint space narrowing in any ankle. The mean duration of follow-up was 38 months. Results On arthroscopy, focal chondral lesions were found in 19 ankles (63%). Chondral lesions were located on the medial side of the tibial plafond in 13 ankles (43%), on the lateral side in 2 ankles (7%), on the lateral side of the talar dome in 3 ankles (10%), and on the medial side in 9 ankles (30%). Postoperative mean Karlsson scores in patients without chondral lesions and in those with chondral lesions were 99.1 and 98.4 points, respectively. Postoperative mean talar tilt angles in patients without chondral lesions and in those with chondral lesions were 5.9° and 4.7°, respectively. There were no significant differences in the clinical and radiologic results between patients with chondral lesions and those without chondral lesions. Conclusions Reconstruction of the lateral ligament can be successful regardless of the presence of focal chondral lesions in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability when preoperative weightbearing radiographs of the ankle do not show any joint space narrowing.
Biologically Active Polymers: Modification and Anti-microbial Activity of Chitosan Derivatives
Authors: Kenawy El-Refaie , Abdel-Hay F. Imam , El-Magd Ahmed Abou , Mahmoud Yehia 
Published: December 2004

The principal derivative of chitin is chitosan, which is obtained by deacetylation of chitin. Chemical modification of synthetic and natural polymers is a convenient way to obtain materials with unique chemical and physical properties. Chitosan has an amino group at C-2 which is important because amino groups are nucleophilic and readily react with electrophilic reagents. Chitosan modified under mild conditions often results in regioselectivity for the C-2 amino group. In the present work, this reactivity was exploited to attach biologically active moieties into the amino groups of chitosan to yield anti-microbial chitosans. Specifically, vanillin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-chlorobenzaldehyde, anisaldehyde, methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, methyl 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate, propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate and 2-hydroxymethylbenzoate were attached. The anti-microbial activity of these modified chitosans was explored against fungi such as Candida albicans SC5314, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporium. Also, they were tested against bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. These modified chitosans were found to be highly active toward fungi species more than bacterial species.
Initial Thoughts on Weight Penalty Effects in Shape-adaptable Systems
Authors: Campanile L. F. 
Published: December 2004

If a structural system has to be subjected to high loads and large geometry changes, according to the state of the art, articulated systems with discrete actuators are used, with the articulated systems consisting of stiff members connected by hinges. As an alternative, smart structures technologies can supply solutions based on the deliberate use of structural flexibility and on distributed actuation. In order to assess the advantages, which can be expected from such solutions, a thorough comparison must be made between the properties of compliant mechanisms and the conventional ones. A crucial aspect of this comparison, on which this contribution is focused, is the impact on the system’s structural weight. The first part of the paper deals with the relevance of weight penalty effects in shape-adaptable systems, with a special focus on airfoil shape control. A quantitative analysis of weight penalty effects in pin-jointed articulated structures follows. The criterion on which this analysis is based allows a characterization of general validity, not restricted to a particular example, and can be applied to other mechanisms or hinge architectures, providing a sound way of assessing the lightweight potential of a given concept and allowing a consistent comparison between different design philosophies. An extension to weight penalty effects in compliant systems shows a higher degree of complexity and could not be addressed in the same detail in this study. Anyway, some peculiar aspects are discussed in the final part of the paper, which can serve as a basis for future developments in this sense. In particular, the dependence of weight penalty effects on the system’s range of motion as well as on the load-dependence of the mechanism’s kinematics is addressed. Even if the presented results can be of direct significance to the designer of conventional articulated mechanisms, the primary relevance of this work is to be seen in the long term. Its main target is to provide a basis for the analysis of the potential offered by the compliant mechanisms and smart materials for the realization of light shape-adaptable structures and to give an impulse to research efforts aiming at developing suitable optimization procedures as well as formulating proper design rules for such kind of systems.
Rethinking tourism
Authors: McRae Leanne 
Published: December 2004

Tourist studies explores the movement of people through spaces. A key theme within the paradigm is to revision the relationships between tourists and hosts. This article mobilizes postcolonial critic Edward Said’s understandings of space, exile and ambiguity to refigure the unclear moments and meanings activated when tourists and hosts meet. By mobilizing Said it is hoped to reveal a more fluid and flexible rendering of the tourist discourse as it is mobilized through places - both physical and imagined. Tourists and hosts both reaffirm and transgress these places to redefine the possibilities in the meeting of different bodies, minds, cultures, practices and politics.
An Improved Approach for Synthesis of Positively Charged Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Sui Zhenming , Chen Xiao , Wang Luyan , Chai Yongcun , Yang Chunjie , Zhao Jikuan 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Positively charged silver nanoparticles capped by cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) are prepared in aqueous solution. The structure of capping agents on Ag particles is systematically characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). It suggests that CTAB molecules form a bilayer shell on Ag surface with a 1:5 rough ratio of inner/outer molecules.
A Helical Supramolecular Polymer Formed by Host–Guest Interactions
Authors: Miyauchi Masahiko , Harada Akira 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
3-[4-(tert-Boc-amino)cinnamoylamino]-α-cyclodextrin (3-4-tBocCiNH-α-CD) has been found to form a supramolecular polymer in an aqueous solution. The supramolecular polymer was found to take a helical structure. This is the first example of the formation of a helical supramolecular polymer formed by host–guest interactions.
Lyophilization of Lipase Together with Ionic Compounds Generates Highly Enantioselective and Solvent-sensitive Lipase in Organic Solvents
Authors: Ueji Shin-ichi , Mori Shu-ichi , Yumoto Hiromi , Hiroshima Naomi , Ebara Yasuhito 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
The lyophilization of lipase from aqueous enzyme solution containing ionic compounds such as disodium hydrogenphosphate resulted in a dramatic improvement of its enantioselectivity for esterification in organic solvents, compared with the ionic compound-free lipase. The enantioselectivity of the ionic compound-coated lipase was found to be fairly sensitive to the change of the solvents.
Fabrication of Silver Nanowires by Selective Electroless Plating of DNA Stretched Using the LB Method
Authors: Hashimoto Yuichi , Matsuo Yasutaka , Ijiro Kuniharu 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Precise and uniform metallization of double-stranded DNA by the selective electroless plating method was investigated for the fabrication of nanowires. Cis-platin was bound to template DNA molecules and reduced to platinum which then catalyzed silver metal deposition. The DNA molecules combined with the platinum clusters were stretched and immobilized on a glass substrate using the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) method. The electroless plating of the platinum-bound DNA molecules by the reduction of silver ions yielded uniform silver nanowires (ca. 50 nm in width and height) along the stretched DNA molecules. Conductive AFM measurements revealed that a high electric conductivity over a length of 6 μm from the edge of a micro electrode.
A Novel Gallium/Samarium-mediated Coupling of Epoxides with Allyl Halides in Aqueous Media and Synthesis of Homoallylic Alcohols
Authors: Gohain Mukut , Prajapati Dipak 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
A mild and efficient protocol for the coupling of various substituted epoxides 1 with allylgallium reagent generated in situ in a Bu4NBr–DMF–H2O system have been developed. The coupling is also found to be equally effective when samarium is used in lieu of gallium and the corresponding homoallylic alcohols 2 were obtained in almost comparable yields.
Surfactant-dependent Photoluminescence of CdTe Nanocrystals in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Li Chunliang , Murase Norio 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Photoluminescence (PL) efficiency of CdTe nanocrystals was investigated as a function of the ratio of surfactant (thioglycolic acid, TGA) to Cd2+ used in aqueous preparation. When the ratio was 1.3, a maximum PL efficiency of 65% was obtained. Within our knowledge, this value is the highest ever reported for as-prepared aqueous solution. Surfactants added more than the optimal amount tend to gather densely on the nanocrystals, and distort the surface. This might be one explanation of the decrease of efficiency.
Sonochemical Synthesis of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Nanocomposite Based on Gold Nanoparticles and Polypyrrole
Authors: Park Jong-Eun , Atobe Mahito , Fuchigami Toshio 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Colloidal dispersions of hybrid nanocomposite composed of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) and polypyrrole (PPy) were prepared by a sonochemical method, in which gold ion and pyrrole monomer in an aqueous solution were reduced and oxidized, respectively, by ultrasonic irradiation in the presence of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP).
Twinsvs. modular crystal structures
Authors: Nespolo Massimo , Ferraris Giovanni , Ďurovič Slavomil , Takéuchi Yoshio 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe crystallographic nature of modular structures is analysed and discussed in terms of their symmetry and structure building operations. The modular crystal structures we discuss in this paper are homogeneous edifices, built by one or more types of modules related by a point-space operation, and the whole structure is described by an ordinary three-dimensional triperiodic space group. Because the term “twin” is often used, with or without modifiers, to describe symmetry operations that act as building mechanisms in modular structures, a comparison is made with twins, that are instead heterogeneous edifices, described not by a space group but by a (polychromatic) point group, where the individuals are related by operations in the vector space. A unifying scheme is proposed where the passage from heterogeneous to homogeneous structures, only apparently justified by a change of dimensions of the individuals, implies a change of space where the operations are defined.
Renewed interest in powder diffraction data indexing
Authors: Bergmann Jörg , Le Bail Armel , Shirley Robin , Zlokazov Victor 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Recently released powder indexing programs are reviewed and placed in competition with the established programs (ITO, TREOR, DICVOL, etc.) through a series of problems selected among previously unindexed ICDD entries designated as “high quality”. Benchmarks are provided for testing indexing programs, based on the bethanechol chloride powder diffraction data. Applying these benchmarks leads to a classification (with respect to this specific example) of indexing programs as they face progressively more difficult situations. High data quality and the user experience to obtain it are concluded to remain the best way to indexing success, given that nearly all programs produce excellent results with excellent data. Lack of attention to data quality, even if followed by use of the most efficient programs, will usually lead to failure. It is demonstrated how not restricting oneself to a single indexing program can considerably increase the chances of success.
Exploiting texture to estimate the relative intensities of overlapping reflections
Authors: Baerlocher Christian , McCusker Lynne B. , Prokic Sinisa , Wessels Thomas 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAdditional information about the relative intensities of reflections that overlap in a powder diffraction pattern can be obtained from a polycrystalline sample in which the crystallites are preferentially oriented. If the data are collected and analyzed appropriately, more single-crystal-like reflection intensities can be extracted, and thereby more complex structures solved. This ‘texture method’ was implemented initially in reflection mode and its power demonstrated with the solution of the 117-atom structure of the high-silica zeolite UTD-1F. However, the experiment required a minimum of 3 days of synchrotron beamtime per sample. In an attempt to reduce the amount of beamtime needed and to simplify the experiment itself, a transmission mode alternative using an area detector was developed. Details of the sample preparation, data collection and data analysis for both geometries are described. The solution of the structures of the aluminophosphates Mu-9 (R3̅c,a= 14.0696(1) Å,c= 42.3113(4) Å) and AlPO-M (Pbca,a= 9.7493(1) Å,b= 29.1668(2) Å,c= 9.3528(1) Å) using reflection and transmission mode data, respectively, are provided as examples of the method.
Multicrystal approach to crystal structure solution and refinement
Authors: Vaughan Gavin B. M. , Schmidt Soeren , Poulsen Henning F. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
We present a method in which the contributions from the individual crystallites in a polycrystalline sample are separated and treated as essentially single crystal data sets. The process involves the simultaneous determination of the orientation matrices of the individual crystallites in the sample, the subsequent integration of the individual peaks, and filtering and summing of the subsequent integrated intensities, in order to arrive at a single-crystal like data set which may be treated normally. In order to demonstrate the method, we consider as a test case a small molecule structure, cupric acetate monohyrade. We show that it is possible to obtain a single-crystal quality structure solution and refinement, in which accurate anisotropic thermal parameters and hydrogen atom positions are obtained.