bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does food import contribute to rising obesity in low‐ and middle‐income countries?
Authors: Marson Marta , Saccone Donatella , Vallino Elena 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeveral studies show a positive association between the rise of obesity in developing countries and globalization, trade, and food trade, but most do not account for reverse causality between the prevalence of obesity and trade flows. Moreover, most studies adopt broad definitions of trade and food trade, notwithstanding the main effects of trade on obesity may pass through import of specific foods. We address these concerns by empirically investigating the impact of food import on obesity in a sample of 116 developing countries (2000–2016) and by focusing, particularly, on processed and sugar‐rich food. This is done by controlling for other globalization‐related factors and by correcting the bias stemming from potential reverse causality through a two‐step approach instrumenting obesity with the average height of adult population. One main robust conclusion emerges: it is neither economic and cultural globalization nor general food import, but rather the import of processed and sugar‐rich food, which contributes to increase obesity.
Erotic senses: Powering Brazilian Black queer existence in gynecological spaces
Authors: Falu Nessette 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper explores how Brazilian Black queer women's sensorial knowing expresses the ways that anti‐Blackness and anti‐queerness are experienced within Brazilian gynecological spaces. I show how Black queer forms of sensory representations signal the intimacy of occupying place and time in power relations. What does it mean to feel, touch, and see the mechanisms of prejudice and institutional power? What are the sounds and vibrations of racism and heteronormativity in medicine? What do the senses tell us about Black queer bodies’ orientations and adverse reactions within those spaces? I engage the senses to understand how sensorial knowledge is keenly embedded in the evidence and informs how Black queer life is shaped within the quotidian. I discuss how sensorial experiences for the critical possibilities of conceptualizing sensoriality and social meanings of medical space and place and in relation to the material world of gynecology and its technologies.
Ethics and the state: Israel's nationality law and the revision of a revolution
Authors: Chowers Eyal 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn 2018, 70 years after it was founded, the State of Israel accepted a new nationality law, one which reshaped the identity of the state. Supporters of this constitutional law argue that it is necessary since the Jewish‐national character of the state is under threat, and since liberal‐democratic principles and policies have acquired undesired dominance in public life. The nationality law, however, does much more than restore a lost or imagined collective identity: it is a significant setback to both the liberal and republican understandings of a democratic state, as well as to Jewish‐Arab relations. More broadly still, the law displays the growing distance between the ethical and political spheres in Israel; this distance is expressed in the law's remarkable modifications of the three Zionist revolutions pertaining to the material (land), the linguistic and the political‐communal dimensions of Jewish, national life.
Factors influencing nursing faculty members' intent to stay: A structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Myint Lay Lay , Akkadechanunt Thitinut , Sirakamon Somjai , Chitpakdee Bunpitcha 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntent to stay is a helpful indicator in predicting the turnover rate of nursing faculty members in academia. This descriptive, cross‐sectional study aimed to identify the factors influencing nursing faculty members' intent to stay. The sample consisted of 350 nursing faculty members randomly selected from 53 nursing and midwifery training schools in Myanmar. Data were collected between June and October 2021. The eight instruments used showed satisfactory (0.80–1.00) for validity and (0.86–0.96) for reliability. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM). The final modified model of intent to stay fit the empirical data and explained 81.30% of total variance for intent to stay. SEM revealed that job satisfaction and organizational commitment directly affected intent to stay; transformational leadership, job autonomy, and perceived organizational support indirectly affected intent to stay; and workload, age, and job stress, directly and indirectly, affected intent to stay. These results suggest nursing administrators and nursing leaders to develop appropriate strategies or design interventions for enhancing nursing faculty members' intent to stay.
GhUBC10‐2 mediates GhGSTU17 degradation to regulate salt tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Sun Yaru , Tian Zailong , Zuo Dongyun , Wang Qiaolian , Song Guoli 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUbiquitin‐conjugating enzyme (UBC) is a crucial component of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system, which contributes to plant growth and development. While some UBCs have been identified as potential regulators of abiotic stress responses, the underlying mechanisms of this regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we report a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) UBC gene, GhUBC10‐2, which negatively regulates the salt stress response. We found that the gain of function of GhUBC10‐2 in both Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and cotton leads to reduced salinity tolerance. Additionally, GhUBC10‐2 interacts with glutathione S‐transferase (GST) U17 (GhGSTU17), forming a heterodimeric complex that promotes GhGSTU17 degradation. Intriguingly, GhUBC10‐2 can be self‐polyubiquitinated, suggesting that it possesses E3‐independent activity. Our findings provide new insights into the PTM of plant GST‐mediated salt response pathways. Furthermore, we found that the WRKY transcription factor GhWRKY13 binds to the GhUBC10‐2 promoter and suppresses its expression under salt conditions. Collectively, our study unveils a regulatory module encompassing GhWRKY13–GhUBC10‐2–GhGSTU17, which orchestrates the modulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis to enhance salt tolerance.
Different fates of metabolites and small variation in chemical composition characterise frass chemistry in a specialist caterpillar
Authors: Seifert Carlo L. , Moos Martin , Volf Martin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSpecialist and generalist insect herbivores evolved different strategies to process host‐plant metabolites. We explored frass composition in Laothoe populi (L.) caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), a specialist moth species that is closely associated with plants of the Salicaceae (Mirb.) family. We fed the caterpillars with leaves from three willow species (Salix caprea L., S. purpurea L. and S. viminalis L.), one willow hybrid (S. x rubens Schrank) and one poplar species (Populus tremula L.). Using untargeted metabolomics, we compared the chemical composition and variation among leaf and frass samples. We quantified the chemical variation using either a simple index based on the presence and concentration of metabolites (i.e., Bray‐Curtis) or an index that additionally accounts for chemical structural‐compositional similarity (CSCS) among metabolites. Due to the high degree of dietary specialisation, we expected low host‐specific variation in frass composition among the caterpillars. Based on literature, we further hypothesised that ingested salicinoids will be largely modified in the caterpillar gut while flavonoids will be often passively excreted. Finally, we compared chemical variation among the samples when quantified with Bray‐Curtis or CSCS metrics. As expected, we found relatively low host‐specific variation in the chemical composition of caterpillar frass. Our results further suggest that flavonoids were largely passively excreted by the caterpillars, while salicinoids were metabolised in the gut. Finally, we found that chemical composition measures based on Bray‐Curtis overestimated the differences in chemical composition between frass and leaves, suggesting that for these type of samples CSCS measures are better suited to reflect metabolic changes more realistically.
Teleological reasoning bias is predicted by pupil dynamics: Evidence for the extensive integration account of bias in reasoning
Authors: Mækelæ Martin Jensen , Kreis Isabel V. , Pfuhl Gerit 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTeleological reasoning is the tendency for humans to see purpose and intentionality in natural phenomena when there is none. In this study, we assess three competing theories on how bias in reasoning arises by examining performance on a teleological reasoning task while measuring pupil size and response times. We replicate that humans (N = 45) are prone to accept false teleological explanations. Further, we show that errors on the teleological reasoning task are associated with slower response times, smaller baseline pupil size, and larger pupil dilations. The results are in line with the single‐process extensive integration account and directly oppose predictions from dual‐processing accounts. Lastly, by modeling responses with a drift‐diffusion model, we find that larger baseline pupil size is associated with lower decision threshold and higher drift rate, whereas larger pupil dilations are associated with higher decision threshold and lower drift rate. The results highlight the role of neural gain and the Locus Coeruleus–Norepinephrine system in modulating evidence integration and bias in reasoning. Thus, teleological reasoning and susceptibility to bias likely arise due to extensive processing rather than through fast and effortless processing.
The Riemann–Hilbert approach for the integrable fractional Fokas–Lenells equation
Authors: An Ling , Ling Liming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new integrable fractional Fokas–Lenells equation by using the completeness of the squared eigenfunctions, dispersion relation, and inverse scattering transform. To solve this equation, we employ the Riemann–Hilbert approach. Specifically, we focus on the case of the reflectionless potential with a simple pole for the zero boundary condition. And we provide the fractional ‐soliton solution in determinant form. In addition, we prove the fractional one‐soliton solution rigorously. Notably, we demonstrate that as , the fractional ‐soliton solution can be expressed as a linear combination of fractional single‐soliton solutions.
On the dynamics of an epidemic patch model with mass‐action transmission mechanism and asymmetric dispersal patterns
Authors: Salako Rachidi B. , Wu Yixiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper examines an epidemic patch model with mass‐action transmission mechanism and asymmetric connectivity matrix. Results on the global dynamics of solutions and the spatial structures of endemic equilibrium (EE) solutions are obtained. In particular, we show that when the basic reproduction number is less than one and the dispersal rate of the susceptible population is large, the population would eventually stabilize at the disease‐free equilibrium. However, the disease may persist if is small, even if . In such a scenario, explicit conditions on the model parameters that lead to the existence of multiple EE are identified. These results provide new insights into the dynamics of infectious diseases in multipatch environments. Moreover, results in Li and Peng (Stud Appl Math. 2023;150(3):650‐704), which is for the same model but with symmetric connectivity matrix, are generalized and improved.
Strontium isotope dating influenced by Rubidium contamination from terrestrial material: A case study from the Cenozoic dolomite in the Xisha Islands, South China Sea
Authors: Wang Rui , Yu Kefu , Jones Brian , Jiang Wei , Fan Tianlai , Yang Yang , Wu Songye 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStrontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) are commonly used to assess the age of Cenozoic dolostones found on many isolated oceanic islands. The possible influence of Rubidium (Rb) content on the 87Sr/86Sr ratios, however, has generally been ignored. This critical issue is assessed by examining the 87Sr/86Sr ratios and elements (Rb, Sr, Al, Ti and K) of seventy‐one samples that came from a ca 339 m thick cored interval of Cenozoic dolomite on the Xisha Islands, South China Sea. For the dolomite from the upper Pliocene Yinggehai Formation (180.5 to 308.5 m; average 23% dolomite) there is a positive correlation between the 87Sr/86Sr ratios and Rb concentrations, whereas for the dolomite from the lower late Miocene Huangliu Formation (308.5 to 519 m; average >98% dolomite) such a correlation is not evident. Combined with high‐temperature experiments, correlation between Al, Ti, K, Rb and 87Sr/86Sr indicates that Rb containing old 87Rb from terrestrial materials modified the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the Yinggehai dolomite, but not those from the Huangliu dolomite. This is mainly attributed to the different sources of terrestrial dust carried by different East Asian monsoon systems between the late Miocene and Pliocene, and probably also influenced by the dolomitization process to some extent. To test for 87Rb contamination, extrapolation of results from the Yinggehai dolomite and Huangliu dolomite indicate that concentrations of Rb < 1 ppm, Al < 1000 ppm, Ti < 15 ppm and K < 250 ppm in the dolomite indicates that terrestrial inputs are minimal and that the measured 87Sr/86Sr ratios can be used for determining the dolomitization age. Potentially, these concentration thresholds may serve as a screening criterion for assessing the reliability of Sr isotope chronostratigraphy of other island dolostones throughout the world.
How to survive the long night? Longitudinal relationship between sleep problems and suicidal behavior among adolescents: The serial mediating roles of negative emotion, self‐control, and nonsuicidal self‐injury
Authors: Yang Qingfeng , Xie Ruibo , Wang Die , Li Jiayi , Zhang Rui , Li Weijian , Ding Wan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveSleep problems are a significant risk factor for identifying and preventing suicidal involvement among adolescents. However, there is limited evidence to assess the underlying mechanisms between them. This study investigated the longitudinal relationship between sleep problems and suicidal behavior and examined whether this relationship was moderated by negative emotions, low self‐control, and nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI).MethodsFrom December 2020 onward, we assessed 1214 Chinese secondary school adolescents (60.7% were boys, aged 13–19 years) three times, 6 months apart.ResultsIn the direct effects model, sleep problems were found to have a positive impact on adolescent suicidal behavior. In the indirect effects model, we observed that sleep problems were associated with an elevated risk of suicidal behavior through several pathways: one‐mediator path of negative emotions, low self‐control, and NSSI, respectively; two‐mediator path of negative emotions via low self‐control, negative emotions via NSSI, and low self‐control via NSSI, and three‐mediator path from negative emotions to NSSI via low self‐control.ConclusionsThis longitudinal study provides evidence that sleep problems in adolescents may increase suicidal behavior by exacerbating negative emotions, weakening self‐control, and promoting NSSI. The findings suggest sleep problems should be addressed in suicide prevention and intervention efforts for adolescents.
To achieve the unachievable—Patients' experiences of opting for delayed anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction after trying rehabilitation alone as primary treatment: A qualitative study
Authors: Simonsson Rebecca , Magnusson Cajsa , Piussi Ramana , Kaarre Janina , Thomeé Roland , Ivarsson Andreas , Samuelsson Kristian , Hamrin Senorski Eric 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionAbout 50% of patients who sustain an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury are treated without ACL reconstruction (ACL‐R). A significant proportion of these patients opt for late ACL‐R. Patients' experience of changing treatment has not yet been investigated and presented in the scientific literature.AimTo explore patients' experiences before and after changing treatment from ACL rehabilitation alone to ACL‐R.MethodFifteen patients were interviewed in semi‐structured interviews, which were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with qualitative content analysis, based on the method described by Graneheim and Lundman. Patients were between 26 and 58 years old, and had tried rehabilitation for a minimum of 9 months prior to ACL‐R.ResultsTwo themes, “Expecting what could not be achieved: the struggle to recover and not becoming stable”, and “Internal completeness: expectations can be achieved”, emerged from the analysis. Each theme was supported by three main categories and 5–6 subcategories. The first theme represents the journey before ACL‐R, where patients experienced getting stronger, but perceived the knee as unstable. The second theme represents the journey after ACL‐R, where patients expressed that they felt whole after their ACL‐R, and where able to achieve their expections. Patients experienced a greater support from the healthcare system, and ultimately expressed a feeling of having achieved the unachievable after ACL‐R.SummaryPatients who cross over from ACL rehabilitation to ACL‐R experienced rehabilitation alone as insufficient to achieve the desired outcomes, which resulted in a need to opt for delayed ACL‐R. Healthcare providers need to support patients, who primarily choose to undergo rehabilitation alone and later opt for ACL‐R, throughout the whole rehabilitation process.
Assessments of individual fiber glycogen and mitochondrial volume percentages reveal a graded reduction in muscle oxidative power during prolonged exhaustive exercise
Authors: Nielsen Joachim , Jensen Rasmus , Ørtenblad Niels 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDuring submaximal exercise, there is a heterogeneous recruitment of skeletal muscle fibers, with an ensuing heterogeneous depletion of muscle glycogen both within and between fiber types. Here, we show that the mean (95% CI) mitochondrial volume as a percentage of fiber volume of non‐glycogen‐depleted fibers was 2 (−10:6), 5 (−21:11), and 12 (−21:−2)% lower than all the sampled fibers after continuing exercise for 1, 2 h, and until task failure, respectively. Therefore, a glycogen‐dependent fatigue of individual fibers during submaximal exercise may reduce the muscular oxidative power. These findings suggest a relationship between glycogen and mitochondrial content in individual muscle fibers, which is important for understanding fatigue during prolonged exercise.
New insight into prurigo nodularis: Proadrenomedullin N‐terminal 20 peptide mediates mouse mast cell activation via Mrgprb2
Authors: Shao Yixin , Xiao Zijing , Jin Yinghong , Zhu Yiqi , Shen Yanyun , Jin Taiyu , Tang Hui , Wang Duoqin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that is characterized by extremely itchy nodules. Proadrenomedullin N‐terminal 20 (PAMP) activates mast cell degranulation via Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), which is associated with pruritus in allergic contact dermatitis. However, the mechanisms underlying the action of PAMP and MRGPRX2 in PN remain unclear.ObjectiveTo determine the role of PAMP‐induced mast cell activation via MRGPRX2 (mouse homologous Mrgprb2) in PN.MethodsThe expression of PAMP and the number of MRGPRX2‐expressing mast cells in the skin biopsies of patients with PN, atopic dermatitis (AD), and healthy participants were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, respectively. The biphasic response of PAMP9‐20 mediated by Mrgprb2 in mouse peritoneal mast cells (PMC) was validated in vitro using qRT‐PCR, ELISA, flow cytometry, and siRNA techniques.ResultsPAMP expression and the number of MRGPRX2+ mast cells in lesional PN skin, but not in AD, were elevated compared to healthy skin. PAMP9‐20 mediates the immediate and delayed phase responses of PMC, such as degranulation, histamine and β‐hexosaminidase release, and secretion of inflammatory factors such as CCL2, TNF‐α, and GM‐CSF. These effects were inhibited when Mrgprb2 expression was silenced. Silencing Mrgprb2 did not affect the biphasic response of PMC that was induced by IgE‐FcεRI activation.ConclusionsThe results show that PAMP mediates mouse mast cell activation via Mrgprb2, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of PN. The PAMP/ Mrgprb2 pathway, independent of classical IgE signaling, could be developed as a candidate drug target for treating PN.
A pilot initiative to enhance quality improvement teaching with simulation
Authors: Dhanoa Mankeeran , Trivedi Sachin , Sheridan Mark 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundQuality Improvement and Patient Safety (QIPS) is a recognised competency across residency programmes. Although a variety of teaching modalities exist, many do not represent the multifaceted clinical environment that trainees work in. Residents have reported challenges in linking QIPS classroom‐based learning with their clinical duties. High‐fidelity simulation has been used to bridge this gap within clinical skills teaching and therefore has potential to address this issue in QIPS learning.ApproachWe developed and piloted four high‐fidelity simulation scenarios with 15 surgical residents (Orthopaedics, General Surgery, Gynaecology and Neurosurgery). Each scenario contained elements of both latent and active safety errors. Residents were provided with a short pre‐reading from an open‐access resource on basic QIPS methodology and underwent a debriefing by a trained QIPS faculty. Residents were then tasked to apply their learning to their scenario to develop a QIPS‐focused solution.EvaluationObjective knowledge acquisition was assessed with the Quality Improvement Knowledge Assessment Tool—Revised (QIKAT‐R) in conjunction with a survey based upon the Kirkpatrick Model of Learning. Overall, residents agreed that the simulation was helpful in learning QIPS methodology and agreed that they could perform fundamental QIPS tasks. The average QIKAT‐R score demonstrated a trend towards improvement.ImplicationsHigh‐fidelity simulation is a potential means to provide residents with hands‐on experience in QIPS knowledge acquisition and application. Future directions should aim to compare the efficacy of simulation with other teaching modalities and evaluate the long‐term impact of QIPS teaching on resident behaviours and motivation to take part in QIPS initiatives.