bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beloved in London, Ignored in New York
Authors: Cottis David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Since the 1970s and the rise of the so-called megamusical, it has often been assumed that the British and American audiences form a single market, with shows that triumph in the West End inevitably doing the same on Broadway. However, it isn’t always that simple. This chapter examines two shows, both long-runners in the West End, that failed to reproduce their success in the United States: Starlight Express (1984) ran two seasons, as opposed to its eighteen in London, while We Will Rock You (2002) became the most successful British musical not to open on Broadway since Salad Days (1954). This chapter examines the differing transatlantic fates of these two shows and looks at what this tells us about national attitudes to rock music, spectacle, and to the musical theatre itself.
Kurt Weill’s American Works in Twenty-First-Century Germany
Authors: Wiemers Judith 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores the twenty-first-century German reception of Kurt Weill’s works for the American musical stage, written between 1936 and the composer’s death in 1950. It investigates press materials on all of Weill’s American pieces that have been performed in Germany since the early 2000s and argues that some of the prejudices associated with Weill’s evolving compositional style and his affinity with the American theatre system to some extent continue to inform the composer’s reception in the country of his birth, as do general reservations about the American entertainment industry, on the one hand, and the genre of the stage musical, on the other. The research presented here does, however, suggest that in recent years, theatrical institutions and critics have become more open to Weill’s American oeuvre, which often resists clear genre demarcations, although it still struggles to become firmly entrenched in the German repertory.
From Fleet Street to Broadway and Back
Authors: Lawson-Peebles Robert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This essay on Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1979) is organised into two parts. The first section discusses the criminal and unsanitary environment of Fleet Street that prompted the serial publication The String of Pearls (1846–1847), with its protagonists, the murderous barber Sweeney Todd and his pie-shop accomplice, Mrs Lovett. The metamorphosis of Todd from neighbourhood gangster to comic villain can be witnessed in a trio of melodramas, a British film, and a humorous monologue. The second part of the essay shows how Stephen Sondheim and Hugh Wheeler restored Todd’s status as a Fleet Street psychopath. They adapted Christopher Bond’s 1973 Brechtian version of Sweeney Todd by drawing on a variety of resources: modern psychology and modernist music (particularly the work of Bernard Herrmann), Weimar and Hollywood film, and the universal fairy tale and lullaby. The essay concludes with a survey of the productions, mainly in London, that established Todd as a demonic icon and the enterprise with Mrs Lovett as an urban myth.
A Little Night Music in Sweden
Authors: Stridh Renate 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
‘Suggested’ by Ingmar Bergman’s classic film comedy Sommarnattens leende (Smiles of a Summer Night, 1955), the A Little Night Music (1973) was one of Stephen Sondheim’s rare Broadway hits. The essay charts how critics and audiences reacted to the musical when it returned to the country where it is set, considering each of the seven productions of the show, in various Swedish cities, between 1974 and 2013. The chapter relates the changes in the ways in which the musical has been received and performed to both the changing attitudes towards the two artists most widely associated with this musical (Bergman and Sondheim) and to the general development of musical theatre in Sweden. It also explains how the strict division into subsidised and commercial theatres, as well as the status of its source material as part of the national artistic heritage, continues to affect how A Little Night Music is staged and seen.
The German/Austrian ‘Drama Musical’, or ‘I Sing Alone’
Authors: Jubin Olaf 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Since the 1990s there have been several internationally successful German/Austrian shows which claim to have introduced a new subgenre of musical theatre. The ‘drama musical’ was developed by the lyricist and librettist Michael Kunze, who started as a translator, and includes such works as Elisabeth (1992), Tanz der Vampire (1997), Mozart! (1999), Rebecca (2006), and Marie Antoinette (2006). This chapter investigates the subgenre’s key elements and explores the manner in which the storytelling techniques employed in these five shows differ significantly from those of their British and American counterparts. It will also probe how their dramaturgy functions and the influences detectable from the famous musicals that Kunze has adapted into German and how he moves beyond the forms that they have innovated.
Musical Translation and Its Multiple Challenges
Authors: Espasa Eva 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the analysis of translated musical productions, where cultural, commercial, and theatrical aspects interact with musical and linguistic parameters. These will be studied as challenges, which are flexible and interrelated. The chapter will examine the cultural and commercial aspects of the process that conditions the ways musicals are imported and consumed. The conjunction between music and words is an argument both for and against translation and is a main priority in singable translation, where articulation, rhythm, and rhyme are common but flexible requisites relative to the overall function of songs in stage musicals. The collaborative nature of musical creation applies to translation, a task that is undertaken by musical, theatrical, and translation professionals who often work in conjunction and whose main priorities will be exemplified by specific samples from musicals recently translated and presented on the Barcelona stage.
Entertainment, Propaganda, and/or Resistance in Staging Musicals in Hungary after World War II—István, a király (Stephen, the King, 1983) and Beyond
Authors: Imre Zoltán 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Focusing on the 1983 historical musical, István, a király (Stephen, the King), this chapter investigates the various roles and functions art and theatre fulfilled in the socialist period after World War II. Before analysing István, the chapter briefly outlines the appearance of musical as a genre in Hungary, its various functions in the socialist era, and then situates István within the Hungarian musical scene of the 1980s. It asks how the rock opera re-used an ancient historical tale to reflect the political and social conflicts of the Kádár regime and also analyses its journey to national-classical status. Finally, the chapter outlines briefly the current situation of musical theatre in Hungary.
‘Superboy and the Invisible Girl’
Authors: Barnes Grace 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter challenges the ongoing systemic prejudice against women in musical theatre. Although women constitute the largest proportion of the audience for musical theatre, their absence from the creation of new work results in shows which lack an authentic female voice and are framed by the male gaze.
Although women constitute the largest proportion of the audience of musicals, their comparative lack of power as producers, creatives, and performers restricts their representation as on-stage agents of the drama to exclusively masculine perspectives—both hetero-normative and queer. The bias in favour of male creative practitioners frequently results in female characters who have no agency within the narrative, and who conform to a series of limiting and persistent stereotypes. And yet, as Mamma Mia! has proven unequivocally, the female voice is a voice that other women want to hear. How is it that, while critical discourse has followed the lead of second-wave feminists in the 1960s and 1970s in dismantling patriarchal Western assumptions, men in musical theatre continue to speak for women, and the genre is deluged with stories in praise of ‘different’ boys and men without offering an equal platform for narratives concerning girls and women?
This chapter suggests that, when viewed against the recent efforts by the industry to extend inclusive practices to a range of minority groups, the ongoing exclusion of women is a calculated act by men determined to retain control of the industry.
My Un-Fair Lady?
Authors: Gindt Dirk 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter identifies and explains the pivotal role played by Swedish agent-cum-producer Lars Schmidt (1917–2010) in successfully helping to introduce and implement the postwar Broadway musical on European stages. By presenting heretofore unmined archival and original sources, the chapter outlines some of Schmidt’s key artistic choices and financial strategies that paved the way for the transatlantic breakthrough of the American musical. As a primary case study, the 1959 production of My Fair Lady in Stockholm serves as representative of how European audiences came to embrace Broadway culture. Not only did it mark one of the most expensive theatrical events produced in Sweden up until that point, but it also engendered significant anxieties around prefabricated theatre that seemingly valued profit over art. The chapter puts this criticism to the test by presenting various sides of the debate and teasing out the complexity of the (arguably very shrewd) business strategies used by Schmidt to launch My Fair Lady as one of the defining cultural events of the postwar period in Northern and Western Europe, one that became a turning point for the financial and conceptual organisation of live theatre. Also at play in this moment are the intertwined fears around commercialisation and Americanisation that served to heighten the tensions between theatre as art and theatre as mass entertainment.
Psychoanalysis as an Art of Meeting the Other
Authors: Storck Timo , Holm-Hadulla Rainer M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Psychoanalysis as a cultural and clinical practice can justly be regarded as a creative process inasmuch as it fosters development and change by means of shared subjectivity. In doing so, psychoanalysis resorts to transforming individual ‘now moments’ (experiencing a ‘subjective time’ as a sort of condensation of past, present, and future) into ‘moments of meeting’, that is, a sharing of emotional presence between two persons (child and caregiver, patient and therapist). By means of a ‘moving along’, the implicit can me made explicit and new ways of being oneself in the presence of the other arise. This trope of finding and maintaining an equilibrium between the ‘egocentric’ and the ‘excentric’ holds relevance for cultural and artistic processes as well. On a metatheoretical level, psychoanalysis, cultural theory, and art meet in the same way while holding their own, respectively. Thus, moments of meeting the other can be explored by referring to Philosophy/Aesthetics (e.g., Hegel, Levinas, Merleau-Ponty) as well as Psychoanalysis (Meltzer, Stern).
International Tax Law and Private International Law
Authors: Kouraleva-Cazals Polina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the relationship between international tax law (ITL) and private international law (PIL). ITL governs relations between states and must, in this sense, respect public international law. It aims to ensure that taxes are levied, even in situations involving a foreign element, and, in this respect, it is unquestionably a matter of tax law. However, it also aims to articulate the exercise of jurisdiction by the states concerned and, in this respect, it is very akin to PIL. Indeed, any cross-border transaction immediately raises the question of the applicable civil, as well as tax law. The methods used in PIL have evolved over time, whereas ITL has shown great methodological stability. However, beyond the issue of methods, in both branches there is an underlying and crucial issue of the influence of the will of the parties. Moreover, in both areas, laws of several jurisdictions may be applicable simultaneously, which raises the question of their articulation. The answer to this question is difficult to find in both PIL and ITL. Finally, both in ITL and in PIL, the conventional methods of resolving conflicts of law incur overwhelming difficulties when faced with a global phenomenon, such as that of multinational enterprises. These difficulties call for new approaches and methods in both fields.
International Tax Law and Corporate Law
Authors: Vinhas Catão Marcos André , Souza Verônica 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter studies the relationship between international tax law and corporate law. Corporate law refers to the body of laws that govern relations between companies, organizations, and businesses. The chapter looks at the practical aspects of the interaction between corporate and tax laws and the tax outcomes of international corporate events and then analyses how cross-border transactions are treated by international tax law and the domestic laws of particular jurisdictions. The chapter then addresses the tax aspects of the two ways of financing a company—equity and debt—as well as the impact of thin capitalization and earnings-stripping rules on shareholders’ decisions. It focuses on the tax issues of corporate distributions, the tax treatment given to cross-border dividend payments by different jurisdictions, and on conflict resolution by the application of a tax treaty. The chapter also considers the tax implications of international corporate reorganizations with respect to capital gains and exit taxes. Finally, it examines types of entities and their liability for tax, with a focus on fiscally transparent entities.
Triangular Cases and Tax Treaties
Authors: Arginelli Paolo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates the term ‘triangular case’, which is a well-known technical term in the field of international taxation, in particular within the domain of tax treaty law. With regard to income tax, the term is generally intended to denote any situation in which two or more (generally three) states are entitled to tax the same item of income based on different connecting factors, such as different rules on tax residence, permanent establishment, lex rei sitae, the place of residence, or establishment of the payor. The chapter focuses on ‘classic’ triangular cases, which involve three different states. These include permanent establishment cases, dual resident cases, reverse permanent establishment cases, and reverse dual resident cases. The main issues stemming from the application of tax treaties to triangular cases derive from the fact that tax treaties are generally bilateral. The effect is that while more than one tax treaty usually applies to prototypical (trilateral) triangular cases, the effects stemming from the application of one of those treaties are often not fully factored in by the other relevant treaties, leading to awkward results.
Regional Double Tax Treaty Models
Authors: West Craig 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter highlights regional double tax treaty models as potential indicators of regional tax treaty policy. Regional tax treaty models are often dismissed as being simple hybridizations of the ‘main’ model tax conventions, being the OECD Model Convention on Income and on Capital (the OECD MC) or the United Nations Model Double Taxation Convention between Developed and Developing Countries (UN MC). But insufficient attention to these models may be a missed opportunity to tease out regional tax treaty position or preferences. Regional tax treaty models emerge from economic groupings of countries and therefore should be a document that reflects that regional body’s preferences. The chapter evaluates the regional tax treaty models at the point of origination against the OECD MC and UN MC at that point in time. The chapter also examines the regional tax treaty models developed by regional economic groupings across the globe with the aim of assessing whether any unique positions or provisions emerge. The analysis is performed by comparing the regional models with both the OECD and UN Models in the public domain at the time the regional model was concluded. From the analysis, the aim is to prove or disprove whether regional tax treaty models reveal any regional tax treaty policy positions.
Sources of Law and Legal Methods in International Tax Law
Authors: Prokisch Rainer 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the sources of international tax law and methods of application and interpretation of the applicable rules. Sources are diverse and spread over numerous laws and official documents. A categorization covers three pillars: domestic law, international law, and European law. As any branch of law, international tax law is subject to a hermeneutic approach. Being international law, the international rules on treaty interpretation apply. However, tax treaties contain a specific treaty interpretation provision which bridges the gap between international and domestic law. The application of this rule is still subject to debate and a common approach still needs the substantial efforts of the international (tax) community. Model conventions and their commentaries play an important role in the interpretation process although their legal status still needs clarification.
The Perspective of the EAC on International Tax Law
Authors: Titus Afton 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses international tax law from the perspective of the East African Community (EAC). It mentions how effective taxation of the digital economy is a priority for all countries. The taxation of the digital economy is particularly relevant for the EAC, especially following the plans to create a Single Digital Market across the region. The chapter explains that the fairest and most effective way for the EAC to tax the digital economy is through the adoption of a corporate income tax system based on unitary taxation and formulary apportionment. It clarifies that the EAC should not follow the OECD’s proposed approach as it would require the EAC Partner States to surrender some tax sovereignty
The Future of Labour Taxation and the ‘Rise of the Robots’
Authors: Kofler Georg 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates the future of labour taxation. The burden on labour income was and continues to be a major source of government revenue and the financing of social security systems. The relative tranquillity in the legal framework for taxing capital and labour might, however, come into flux due to the increasing impact of digitalization, robotics, datafication, automation, and artificial intelligence (AI) on the economy and has resulted in intense debates not only about the future of work, but also the future of labour taxation and alternative sources of revenue in today’s globalized economy. Indeed, the ongoing ‘fourth industrial revolution’ or ‘automation revolution’ has created uncertainty and anxiety about the risks and chances of a possible transformation of the labour market, as there exists the perception that technological change is faster paced and broader based than in the past, making more jobs automatable than previously thought, with AI potentially being the harbinger of a jobless future. The chapter then provides some context and an overview of the major tax policy reform proposals.
Invisible Silence, Loud Music
Authors: Zarate de Perez Patricia , Wu Wenjun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This collaborative research aims to understand the role of music in the gender transition of Wenjun, a trans male Chinese jazz musician and bass player. It will describe how Wenjun experienced music, focusing on the precise elements used to translate his gender transition. The mirrored changes that occurred for Wenjun created a clarity of musicking that became a true representation of his musical self. Wenjun’s personal reflections on his gender transition and compositions reveal a multidimensional struggle that was mirrored in the music he composed and performed during this period of radical change. Alongside these contemplations, Patricia, a music therapist and jazz musician, considers the transformations facilitated for Wenjun through the lens of a qualitative research project. Translating the intense discomfort of gender dysphoria through often shocking harmonic and melodic statements, Wenjun was able to find new expressive pathways through which to explore his life and gender transition. This chapter is presented through music and words, a call-and-response between Wenjun as a jazz musician and Patricia as a music therapist, jazz musician, and researcher.
Orality and Literacy in Borges
Authors: Balderston Daniel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores what can be learned from an important Borges manuscript, the first draft of “Del culto de los libros” [Of the Cult of Books]. Borges’s central preoccupation in the text is the relation between oral speech and writing. The marginal and internal references are analyzed to show how the author’s wide range of reading is brought together in a newspaper article from 1951, later included in Otras inquisiciones [Other Inquisitions]. His discussion of the importance of books in modern culture is in turn shown to be an intervention in a debate around the importance of intellectual work in Peronist Argentina.
Philosophical Themes in Nineteenth-Century American Feminism
Authors: Dicker Rory 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Although nineteenth-century American women would not have called themselves “feminists,” the activist and intellectual work they engaged in illustrates their powerful commitment to women’s rights. Through activism in the abolitionist, temperance, dress reform, and suffrage movements and through written work published as books, articles, and essays, these women challenged a status quo in which white women were invisible before the law and enslaved Black women were considered less than human. This chapter explores the contours of nineteenth-century feminist thought, with special attention to the ways that women challenged political, social, sexual, and religious norms. The chapter examines feminist responses to norms that excluded women from higher education, self-determination, citizenship, and sexual agency. It engages with feminist thinkers’ critique of social conventions that reinscribe men’s dominance and women’s dependence.
Examining the Impact of Educational Reforms on Schooling and Competences in PIAAC
Authors: Cappellari Lorenzo , Checchi Daniele , Ovidi Marco 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recent surveys on adult competences (e.g., IALS, PIAAC) show that competences are positively correlated with schooling and parental background. However, the institutional differences across countries mediate the impact of these variables, thus leading to less/more egalitarian distributions of competences as well as to difference in the gradient of competences on employment probability and earnings. This chapter intends to exploit existing data sets to explore the varieties of educational systems, distinguishing between inclusive and selective according to whether they are associated with less or more dispersed distribution of competences, once they are controlled for schooling and parental background. Typical reform indicators (that are time varying and can therefore be associated to different age cohorts) include duration of compulsory schooling, age of secondary school tracking, school autonomy, central examination, and student financial aid.