bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endodontic treatment of dens invaginatus type III with three root canals and open apical foramen
Authors: Jung M. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAim  To describe the conservative endodontic treatment and the 1‐year follow‐up of a permanent maxillary lateral incisor with dens invaginatus.Summary  Frequently, the root canal treatment of invaginated teeth is challenging because of problems associated with gaining access to the root canals and with variations of canal morphology associated with this type of malformation. The present case describes the complex root canal treatment of dens invaginatus in a maxillary lateral incisor with three root canals (Oehler type III), incomplete apex formation, necrotic pulp and abscess formation. After gaining access to two root canals and the invagination with the help of a dental operating‐microscope, the canals and the invagination were instrumented and calcium hydroxide dressing was applied for 6 months. Apexification and osseous bone repair were achieved, and the canals were filled with gutta‐percha. A follow‐up after 1 year showed that the tooth was free of any clinical symptoms and the periapical condition was normal.Key learning points

The present case demonstrates that conservative root canal treatment can be performed successfully even in severe cases of dens invaginatus.
The use of a dental operating microscope can help in the management of complicated cases of invaginated teeth through conventional root canal treatment.
Role of substance P and calcitonin gene‐related peptide in the regulation of interleukin‐8 and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 expression in human dental pulp
Authors: Park S. H. , Hsiao G. Y.‐W. , Huang G. T.‐J. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAim  To determine whether leucocyte infiltration during neurogenic inflammation in the pulp is regulated by neuropeptides via inducing the release of proinflammatory chemokines interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) from human dental pulp.Methodology  Cultured primary pulp cells and pulp tissue explants were stimulated with substance P (SP) and/or calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP). IL‐8 or MCP‐1, secreted from cultured cells or produced in pulp explants, was analysed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results  Substance P induced IL‐8 secretion from cultured pulp cells (approximately threefold increase over control, P < 0.05) and from pulp tissue explants (two‐ to three fold). SP only minimally to moderately induced MCP‐1 (approximately two fold) in cultured pulp cells. While MCP‐1 induction in cultured pulp cells was detected after 24 h of SP stimulation, no induction was observed in pulp tissue. CGRP did not induce IL‐8, but moderately increased MCP‐1 production (approximately three fold) in cultured pulp cells. There was no synergistic induction of MCP‐1 by SP plus CGRP stimulation of pulp cells.Conclusions  Substance P is a stronger inducer of IL‐8 production in dental pulp than CGRP. IL‐8 is more strongly induced than MCP‐1 by SP, suggesting a more important role for IL‐8 than MCP‐1 in leucocyte infiltration during neurogenic inflammation in dental pulp.
Survival ofEnterococcus faecalisin infected dentinal tubules after root canal filling with different root canal sealersin vitro
Authors: Saleh I. M. , Ruyter I. E. , Haapasalo M. , Ørstavik D. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAim To investigate the ability of different endodontic sealers and calcium hydroxide to kill bacteria in experimentally infected dentinal tubules.Methodology Fifty‐six human root segments were enlarged to size 2 (ISO size 090) Largo®Peeso Reamer. After treatment with 17% EDTA and 5% NaOCl for 4 min each, the specimens were infected withEnterococcus faecalisfor 3 weeks. The roots were divided into eight groups and filled with gutta‐percha and AH Plus (AH); Grossman's sealer (GS); Ketac‐Endo (KE); Apexit (AP); RoekoSeal Automix (RSA); or RoekoSeal Automix with an experimental primer (RP), or calcium hydroxide (CH) only. One group of specimens was left unfilled for control (CT). Following storage in humid conditions at 37 °C for 7 days, the root canals were re‐established with new sterile Largo®size 2. Dentine samples from each canal were then collected using a sterile size 5 (ISO size 150) Largo®Peeso Reamer. The number of colony‐forming units (CFU) was determined for each sample.Results The mean log10CFU in all test groups was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that in the CT group. Root filling with AH and GS killed bacteria (mean CFU = 0) in the dentinal tubules. The mean log10CFU for the CH group (0.53) was lower than that of RSA, AP, RP and KE (1.36, 1.40, 1.46 and 1.94, respectively), but only the difference between the CH and the KE groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05).Conclusion Root fillingsin vitrowith gutta‐percha and AH or GS were effective in killingE. faecalisin dentinal tubules. Other endodontic sealers, as well as CH, were less effective.
The poplar K+ channel KPT1 is associated with K+ uptake during stomatal opening and bud development
Authors: Langer Katharina , Levchenko Victor , Fromm Jörg , Geiger Dietmar , Steinmeyer Ralf , Lautner Silke , Ache Peter , Hedrich Rainer 
Published: March 2004

SummaryTo gain insights into the performance of poplar guard cells, we have measured stomatal conductance and aperture, guard cell K+ content and K+‐channel activity of the guard cell plasma membrane in intact poplar leaves. In contrast to Arabidopsis, broad bean and tobacco grown under same conditions, poplar stomata operated just in the dynamic range – any change in conductance altered the rate of photosynthesis. In response to light, CO2 and abscisic acid (ABA), the stomatal opening velocity was two to five times faster than that measured for Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum and Vicia faba. When stomata opened, the K+ content of guard cells increased almost twofold, indicating that the very fast stomatal opening in this species is mediated via potassium uptake. Following impalement of single guard cells embedded in their natural environment of intact leaves with triple‐barrelled microelectrodes, time‐dependent inward and outward‐rectifying K+‐channel‐mediated currents of large amplitude were recorded. To analyse the molecular nature of genes encoding guard cell K+‐uptake channels, we cloned K+‐transporter Populustremula (KPT)1 and functionally expressed this potassium channel in a K+‐uptake‐deficient Escherichia coli mutant. In addition to guard cells, this K+‐transporter gene was expressed in buds, where the KPT1 gene activity strongly correlated with bud break. Thus, KPT1 represents one of only few poplar genes associated with bud flush.
Special education services and school performance in a regional cohort of low‐birthweight infants at age nine
Authors: Pinto‐Martin Jennifer , Whitaker Agnes , Feldman Judith , Cnaan Avital , Zhao Huaqing , Rosen‐Bloch Joan , McCulloch Dawn , Paneth Nigel 
Published: March 2004

SummaryPrevious research has shown that low birthweight is a predictor of several adverse educational outcomes, including special educational placement, by middle school age. Most low‐birthweight follow‐up studies that have extended to school age have focused on very small infants – < 1500 or < 1000 g; less is known of the school age outcomes for infants with only moderately low birthweight (1500–2000 g).This study examines the prevalence of special educational placement and the relationship of such placement to grade retention, verbal and performance scores on tests of general intelligence, reading and maths achievement scores and classroom hyperactivity among low‐birthweight children. In a regional birth cohort of 1105 infants born between 1984 and 1987 and weighing 500–2000 g, 868 children were available for follow‐up at age nine. Information on special education placement as well as grade retention, intelligence, academic achievement and classroom behaviour was available on 645 (74% completion rate).Nearly a third of the cohort was classified as needing special education. Special education placement followed a birthweight gradient, occurring among 29.3% of children with birthweights 1500–2000 g, among 32.5% in children 1000–1500 g and 49.4% in children < 1000 g. Among children in special education, a similar birthweight gradient was found for maths achievement and hyperactivity, but not for reading achievement or IQ scores. Among children not in special education, only maths achievement showed such a decline with birthweight.A substantial proportion of low‐birthweight children, including those of moderate low birthweight, receive special education services, although the need is greatest among those with the lowest birthweights. Maths achievement declined with birthweight regardless of educational placement. The medical and social risk factors that accompany low birthweight and may account for these findings, require further study.
Auxin activates KAT1 and KAT2, two K+‐channel genes expressed in seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Philippar Katrin , Ivashikina Natalya , Ache Peter , Christian May , Lüthen Hartwig , Palme Klaus , Hedrich Rainer 
Published: March 2004

SummaryThe transcript abundance of the K+‐channel gene ZMK1 (Zea mays K+ channel 1) in maize coleoptiles is controlled by the phytohormone auxin. Thus, ZMK1 is thought to function in auxin‐regulated coleoptile elongation, as well as during gravitropism and phototropism. To investigate related growth phenomena in the dicotyledonous plant Arabidopsis thaliana, we screened etiolated seedlings for auxin‐induced K+‐channel genes. Among the members of the Shaker‐like K+ channels, we thereby identified transcripts of the inward rectifiers, KAT1 (K+ transporter of Arabidopsis thaliana) and KAT2, to be upregulated by auxin. The phloem‐associated KAT2 was localised in cotyledons and the apical part of etiolated seedlings. In contrast, the K+‐channel gene KAT1 was expressed in the cortex and epidermis of etiolated hypocotyls, as well as in flower stalks. Furthermore, KAT1 was induced by active auxins in auxin‐sensitive tissues characterised by rapid cell elongation. Applying the patch‐clamp technique to protoplasts of etiolated hypocotyls, we correlated the electrical properties of K+ currents with the expression profile of K+‐channel genes. In KAT1‐knockout mutants, K+ currents after auxin stimulation were characterised by reduced amplitudes. Thus, this change in the electrical properties of the K+‐uptake channel in hypocotyl protoplasts resulted from an auxin‐induced increase of active KAT1 proteins. The loss of KAT1‐channel subunits, however, did not affect the auxin‐induced growth rate of hypocotyls, pointing to compensation by residual, constitutive K+ transporters. From gene expression and electrophysiological data, we suggest that auxin regulation of KAT1 is involved in elongation growth of Arabidopsis. Furthermore, a role for KAT2 in the auxin‐controlled vascular patterning of leaves is discussed.
Arabidopsis pdr2 reveals a phosphate‐sensitive checkpoint in root development
Authors: Ticconi Carla A. , Delatorre Carla A. , Lahner Brett , Salt David E. , Abel Steffen 
Published: March 2004

SummaryPlants have evolved complex strategies to maintain phosphate (Pi) homeostasis and to maximize Pi acquisition when the macronutrient is limiting. Adjustment of root system architecture via changes in meristem initiation and activity is integral to the acclimation process. However, the mechanisms that monitor external Pi status and interpret the nutritional signal remain to be elucidated. Here, we present evidence that the Pi deficiency response, pdr2, mutation disrupts local Pi sensing. The sensitivity and amplitude of metabolic Pi‐starvation responses, such as Pi‐responsive gene expression or accumulation of anthocyanins and starch, are enhanced in pdr2 seedlings. However, the most conspicuous alteration of pdr2 is a conditional short‐root phenotype that is specific for Pi deficiency and caused by selective inhibition of root cell division followed by cell death below a threshold concentration of about 0.1 mm external Pi. Measurements of general Pi uptake and of total phosphorus (P) in root tips exclude a defect in high‐affinity Pi acquisition. Rescue of root meristem activity in Pi‐starved pdr2 by phosphite (Phi), a non‐metabolizable Pi analog, and divided‐root experiments suggest that pdr2 disrupts sensing of low external Pi availability. Thus, PDR2 is proposed to function at a Pi‐sensitive checkpoint in root development, which monitors environmental Pi status, maintains and fine‐tunes meristematic activity, and finally adjusts root system architecture to maximize Pi acquisition.
A novel approach to plastid transformation utilizes the phiC31 phage integrase
Authors: Lutz Kerry A. , Corneille Sylvie , Azhagiri Arun K. , Svab Zora , Maliga Pal 
Published: March 2004

SummaryThus far plastid transformation in higher plants has been based on incorporation of foreign DNA in the plastid genome by the plastid's homologous recombination machinery. We report here an alternative approach that relies on integration of foreign DNA by the phiC31 phage site‐specific integrase (INT) mediating recombination between bacterial and phage attachment sites (attB and attP, respectively). Plastid transformation by the new approach depends on the availability of a recipient line in which an attB site has been incorporated in the plastid genome by homologous recombination. Plastid transformation involves insertion of an attP vector into the attB site by INT and selection of transplastomic clones by selection for antibiotic resistance carried in the attP plastid vector. INT function was provided by either expression from a nuclear gene, which encoded a plastid‐targeted INT, or expressing INT transiently from a non‐integrating plasmid in plastids. Transformation was successful with both approaches using attP vectors with kanamycin resistance or spectinomycin resistance as the selective marker. Transformation efficiency in some of the stable nuclear INT lines was as high as 17 independently transformed lines per bombarded sample. As this system does not rely on the plastid's homologous recombination machinery, we expect that INT‐based vectors will make plastid transformation a routine in species in which homologous recombination rarely yields transplastomic clones.
Fos modulates myeloid cell survival and differentiation and partially abrogates the c-Myc block in terminal myeloid differentiation
Authors: Shafarenko Marianna , Amanullah Arshad , Gregory Bernard , Liebermann Dan A. , Hoffman Barbara 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Previously, we have shown that Fos/Jun transcription factor complexes function as positive modulators of myeloid differentiation. Fos, which is stably induced during normal myeloid differentiation, is not induced upon differentiation of M1 myeloblastic leukemia cells. Establishing M1 cells that express a β-estradiol-conditional FosER chimera, we show that in the absence of the differentiation inducer interleukin-6 (IL-6), Fos expression in M1 myeloblasts promoted apoptotic cell death, entailing cytochrome c release and caspase-9 activation. In contrast, in the presence of IL-6, Fos-mediated apoptosis was abrogated, and Fos promoted terminal differentiation, increasing the sensitivity of M1 cells to be induced for differentiation by IL-6. Fos-mediated apoptosis was accelerated by deregulated c-Myc. Furthermore, restoring Fos expression in M1 partially abrogated the block imparted by deregulated c-Myc on the myeloid differentiation program, increased the sensitivity of the cells to be induced for differentiation, and curtailed their leukemic phenotype. These data provide evidence that Fos/Jun transcription factor complexes play a role in modulating both myeloid cell survival and differentiation and suggest that genetic lesions that alter Fos expression may cooperate with deregulated c-Myc in leukemogenesis. (Blood. 2004;103:4259-4267)
Gene silencing by lentivirus-mediated delivery of siRNA in human CD34+ cells
Authors: Schomber Tibor , Kalberer Christian P. , Wodnar-Filipowicz Aleksandra , Skoda Radek C. 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
To derive an efficient system for gene silencing in human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) we modified a lentiviral vector for small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery. For this purpose, an H1 promoter-driven siRNA expression cassette was introduced into a lentiviral vector, and the p53 mRNA was chosen as a target for siRNA-mediated gene silencing. Using the recombinant lentivirus we infected human cord blood-derived CD34+ cells and obtained a transfection efficiency of up to 50%, as determined by expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). In EGFP-positive long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC)- and colony-forming unit cell (CFU-C)-derived cells, we observed a reduction of p53 mRNA of up to 95%. Importantly, this reduction remained stable during several weeks of cell culture. Furthermore, p53 gene silencing resulted in decreased p21 mRNA levels and reduced the sensitivity of CD34+ cells toward the cytotoxic drug etoposide. Thus, lentiviral delivery of siRNA can allow for efficient and stable gene silencing in human HSCs and will be very valuable for further gene function studies. (Blood. 2004;103:4511-4513)
Somatic inactivation of Nf1 in hematopoietic cells results in a progressive myeloproliferative disorder
Authors: Le Doan T. , Kong Namie , Zhu Yuan , Lauchle Jennifer O. , Aiyigari Abigail , Braun Benjamin S. , Wang Endi , Kogan Scott C. , Le Beau Michelle M. , Parada Luis , Shannon Kevin M. 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
The NF1 tumor suppressor gene encodes a guanosine triphosphotase (GTPase)-activating protein that negatively regulates Ras signaling and is inactivated in a subset of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemias (JMMLs). Adoptive transfer of fetal liver cells from Nf1 mutant mice models JMML; however, this system has important limitations as a platform for performing biologic and preclinical studies. We have exploited the interferon-inducible Mx1-Cre transgene to ablate a conditional mutant Nf1 allele in hematopoietic cells. Somatic inactivation of Nf1 induces a myeloproliferative disorder with 100% penetrance that is associated with a sub-acute clinical course, tissue infiltration by myeloid cells, hypersensitivity to granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, hyperproliferation, and resistance to apoptosis. These Mx1-Cre, Nf1flox/flox mice establish a tractable experimental model for testing therapeutics and for identifying mutations that cooperate with hyperactive Ras in myeloid leukemogenesis. (Blood. 2004;103:4243-4250)
Efficient Amounts of Additives for Peptide Coupling Mediated by a Water-Soluble Carbodiimide in Aqueous Media
Authors: Nozaki Sukekatsu 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
The optimal amounts of HOBt, HOSu, and HONb for enhancement of peptide coupling mediated by EDC in aqueous media were found to be less then equimolar against the C-component or the carbodiimide. A combination of EDC and 0.1 equimolar amount of HOBt was shown to be an effective coupling reagent under aqueous conditions.
Synthesis and Properties of 1,1-Diferrocenylethylenes and Their Mono- and Dications
Authors: Iyoda Masahiko , Okabe Toshitaka , Kondo Terumasa , Sasaki Shigeru , Matsuyama Haruo , Kuwatani Yoshiyuki , Katada Motomi 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
1,1-Diferrocenylethylenes have been synthesized efficiently by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. The interaction of the two ferrocene units has been investigated in the neutral, monocationic and dicationic states using spectroscopic analyses.
Enzymatic Preparation of an Optically Active Precursor of the CC-1065/Duocarmycin Pharmacophore
Authors: Chênevert Robert , Courchesne Gabriel 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Acetylation of 2-[4-(benzyloxy)-2-nitrophenyl]propane-1,3-diol with vinyl acetate in the presence of porcine pancreatic lipase gave the (R)-mono-acetate (ee = 92%). The (S)-mono-acetate was obtained via acetylation of the diol followed by transesterification in ethanol in the presence of the same enzyme. Incorporation of these optically active mono-acetates into the established synthetic routes provided access to both enantiomers of the common pharmacophore of CC-1065/duocarmycin.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Novel Structural Mimics of Sulphidoleukotrienes
Authors: Ovaska Timo V , Voynov George H , McNeil Nicole , Hokkanen Joel A 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
An asymmetric synthetic route toward a new class of structural mimics of the sulphidoleukotrienes has been developed. The key steps in the overall synthetic sequence include Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation followed by stereo- and regioselective opening of the epoxide ring.
Deactivation Mechanism of Triplet Exciplexes between Benzophenone and Sensitized-Triplet Naphthalene Derivatives
Authors: Yamaji Minoru , Tanaka Takuya , Shizuka Haruo 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
The decay process of the triplet exciplexes formed between triplet naphthalene derivatives and benzophenone was found to be promoted by their charge transfer character since the rate constant of the nonradiative deactivation process increased with decreasing of the oxidation potentials of naphthalene derivatives.
Alternate Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Organic Dyes and Proteins is Facilitated by Pre-mixing with Linear Polyions
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko , Onda Mitsuhiko , Lvov Yuri , Kunitake Toyoki 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
In the preparation of ultrathin films by alternate assembly, prior mixing with linear polyions facilitates stable adsorption of small-molecule dyes and direct assembly of globular proteins and micro-plates.
Effects of Water Vapor upon Partial Oxidation of Mathane over Highly-dispersed MoO3/SiO2
Authors: Ohmae Makoto , Miyaji Katsuyoshi , Azuma Naoto , Takeishi Kaoru , Morioka Yoshio , Ueno Akifumi , Ohfune Hitoshi , Hayashi Hisashi , Udagawa Yasuo 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Effects of water vapor upon the partial oxidation of methane on silica-supported molybdenum oxide catalyst strongly depend upon the dispersion states of Mo ions, and highly dispersed Mo ions depress the production of CO2 by an addition of water vapor into the feed gas.
Citreopyrones, New Metabolites of Two Hybrid Strains, KO 0092 and KO 0141, Derived from the Penicillium Species
Authors: Kosemura Seiji , Kojima Shin-ichi , Yamamura Shosuke 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Six new metabolites, citreopyrones A-C and D-F, have been isolated from the mycelium of a hybrid strain KO 0092 derived from P. citreo-viride B. IFO 4692 and 6200, and KO 0141 derived from P. citreo-viride B. IFO 4692 and P. pedemontanum IFO 9583. Their structures have also been elucidated on the basis of their spectral data and some chemical evidence. Citreopyrones A, B, and C inhibited the growth of hypocotyls of lettuce seedlings.
Synthesis of Novel Polynuclear Iron Carbonyl Complexes Using the Reactions of Methylidenecarbenes with Fe3(CO)12
Authors: Iyoda Masahiko , Yada Tamiko , Tashiro Shin-ichiro , Maeda Hironori , Yoshida Masato , Kuwatani Yoshiyuki 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
The reaction of 1-chloro-1-tributylstannylethylenes with Fe3(CO)12 produces the dinuclear and trinuclear ferraindene complexes with the methylenediferracyclopropane derivatives. The structures of the ferraindene complexes were determined by X-ray analysis.
Study on Dynamic Behavior of Diethyl Carbonate Electrolyte on Lithium Metal Surface Using In Situ FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Kanamura Kiyoshi , Takezawa Hideharu , Shiraishi Soshi , Takehara Zen-ichiro 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
A dynamic behavior of diethyl carbonate Electrolyte on lithium with a surface film, such as a solvent penetration into the surface film and a chemical reaction with lithium, was firstly detected by using in situ FTIR spectroscopy.
Electrical Switching in Amorphous (NCTA)2Ni(DMIT)2 Thin Films
Authors: Han M Y , Huang W , Zhang D , Li T J 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Uniform amorphous thin films of molecular semiconductor (NCTA)2Ni(DMIT)2 were electrodeposited onto ITO glass. A reversible and reproducible bistable electrical memory switching was observed in an asymmetrical sandwich-type device upon applying a small voltage. More than 106 cycles were repeated without failure.