bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of cisapride on feline colonic smooth muscle function
Authors: Washabau Robert J. , Sammarco Jill 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine the effects of cisapride on feline colonic smooth muscle function.

Design
In vitro smooth muscle mechanical measurements.

Animals
Intact colon was obtained from healthy 2- or 3-year-old cats.

Procedure
Longitudinal smooth muscle strips from proximal and distal portions of feline colon were suspended in physiologic buffer solution (37 C, 100% O2, pH 7.4), attached to isometric force transducers, and stretched to optimal muscle length. Control responses were obtained at each muscle site with acetylcholine (10−8 to 10−4M), cholecystokinin (10−11 to 10−7M), substance P (10−11 to 10−7M), or neurotensin (10−11 to 10−7M). Muscles were then stimulated with cumulative (10−9 to 10−6M) or bolus (10−6M) doses of cisapride in the absence or presence of tetrodotoxin (10−6M) and atropine (10−6M), nifedipine (10−6M), or calcium-free buffer solution.

Results
Cisapride stimulated contractions of longitudinal smooth muscle from proximal and distal portions of feline colon that were similar in magnitude to contractions induced by substance P and neurotensin. Cisapride contractions were only partially inhibited by tetrodotoxin (10−6M) and atropine (10−6M). suggesting that cisapride responses are only partially dependent on enteric cholinergic nerves. Nifedipine (10−6M) inhibited the maximal contraction to cisapride (10−6M) by approximately 80%. Removal of extracellular calcium did not inhibit cisapride contractions to a greater extent than did inhibition by nifedipine, indicating that calcium influx through voltage dependent calcium channels was predominantly responsible for the dependence of the cisapride contraction on extracellular calcium.

Conclusions
Cisapride-induced contractions of feline colonic smooth muscle are largely smooth muscle-mediated and dependent on calcium influx, and are only partially dependent on enteric cholinergic nerves.

Clinical Relevance
Cisapride may be useful in the treatment of feline colonic motility disorders. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:541–546)
Effects of potentiated chlorhexidine on bacteria and tarsocrural joints in ponies
Authors: Klohnen Andreas , Wilson David G. , Hendrickson Dean A. , Cooley A. James , MacWilliams Peter S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the bactericidal properties of chlorhexidine diacetate (CHD) after potentiation with EDTA and Tris buffer (EDTA-Tris), and to find a potentiated CHD concentration that would achieve 90 to 100% killing for all bacteria tested.

Animals
6 adult ponies.

Procedure
Serial dilutions of CHD, CHD in EDTA-Tris, and EDTA-Tris alone were evaluated for bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus zooepidemicus. The tarsocrural joints of 6 ponies were lavaged with either 1 L of phosphate buffered saline solution (control) or 1 L of 0.0005% CHD in EDTA-Tris. Synovial fluid was collected before lavage and on days 1,4, and 8. Synovia, cartilage, and bone with cartilage were collected on day 8 when the ponies were euthanatized.

Results
In vitro results indicated that 0.0005% CHD in EDTA-Tris was 90% lethal to all bacteria tested. Results of synovial fluid analysis, glycosaminoglycan analysis, and histologic examination of the synovial membrane and articular cartilage indicated that joint lavage with 0.0005% CHD in EDTA-Tris was not detrimental to the synovium or the articular cartilage of pony tarsocrural joints. Changes observed were a result of the actual lavage process, the phosphate-buffered saline solution, and hemarthrosis.

Conclusions
A concentration of 0.0005% CHD in EDTA-Tris was 90% lethal to all bacteria tested. Pony tarsocrural joint lavage with 0.0005% CHD in EDTA-Tris was not detrimental to the synovium or the articular cartilage. The efficacy of 0.0005% CHD potentiated with EDTA-Tris as a potential joint lavage fluid for treatment of infectious arthritis needs to be evaluated in clinical patients. (Am J Vet Res 1996; 57:756–761)
In vitro biomechanical comparison of the strength of the linea alba of the llama, using two suture patterns
Authors: Van Hoogmoed Linda , Snyder Jack R. , Stover Susan M. , Drake Christiana , Taylor Kenneth , Harmon Faye A. , McDuffee Laurie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To compare the strength of the sutured linea alba, in vitro, using 2 suture patterns.

Animals
12 clinically normal llamas.

Procedure
2 incisions in the linea alba of 12 llamas were closed with a simple continuous or inverted cruciate pattern, and tissue was harvested after 10 days. In 6 llamas, the simple continuous line was intact; the inverted cruciate specimens contained 6 sutures. In 6 llamas, 1 knot was excised in the simple continuous pattern to simulate a failed line; the cruciate pattern contained 5 knots. Tissue sections were taken from cranial, between, and caudal to the linea alba incisions to compare fascial thickness. The sutured specimens were mounted in a mechanical testing system and tested to failure. A mixed-model ANOVA was used to evaluate the effects of suture pattern and incisional position on mechanical properties.

Results
Significant differences were not found between suture patterns or between location for yield force, failure force, or yield strain, whereas failure strain was lower for the intact simple continuous pattern than the inverted cruciate pattern (P = 0.003). From histomorphometric analysis, the caudal tissue specimens were significantly thinner than the middle tissue specimen cranial to the umbilicus (P = 0.006).

Conclusion
There was no significant difference in monotonic breaking strength of the linea alba sutured with the simple continuous or inverted cruciate pattern.

Clinical Relevance
These results justify the use of the simple continuous pattern over the cruciate pattern for ventral midline closure in llamas because of the ease of placement and speed. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:938–942)
Segmental variations of in vitro mechanical properties in equine superficial digital flexor tendons
Authors: Crevier Nathalie , Pourcelot Philippe , Denoix Jean-Marie , Geiger Didier , Bortolussi Claude , Ribot Xavier , Sanaa Moez 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine the local variations of mechanical properties of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT).

Sample Population
10 SDFT of adult horses, selected for absence of abnormality.

Procedure
Needles (with a dark marker at both ends) pinned perpendicularly through each tendon to delimit 7 segments. Each tendon was tested in traction until rupture; test was filmed, using an 8-mm video camera. For each image, the coordinates of the center of mass of each marker and the corresponding force were registered. The third-degree polynomial that best fits the stress-strain curve thus obtained was calculated by a least squares approximation. The modulus of elasticity (Emax) of each segment was evaluated as the maximum of the derivative of this polynomial.

Results
Mean rupture load of the 10 SDFT was 12,356 ± 1,333 N. The strain at tendon rupture and Emaxvaried, respectively, from 8.1 ± 1.3% and 1,002 ± 161 MPa (sesamoidean region) to 12.5 ± 1.7% and 1,189 ± 63 MPa (metacarpal region). The values of the strain corresponding to Emax were remarkably similar along the SDFT (approx 5%).

Conclusions
Emax appeared fairly homogeneous along an SDFT, although being slightly higher in the metacarpal region. The 5% strain corresponding to Emax could be the limit strain beyond which microlesions of the tendinous fibers begin to appear, this threshold being first reached during the traction test by the metacarpal segments. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:1111–1117)
Effects of fumonisin-containing culture material on pulmonary clearance in swine
Authors: Smith Geof W. , Constable Peter D. , Smith Arnold R. , Bacon Charles W. , Meredith Filmore I. , Wollenberg Gordon K. , Haschek Wanda M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine the potential effects of feeding fumonisin-containing culture material on the pulmonary clearance of blood-borne particulates and bacteria in swine.

Animals
21 healthy male pigs randomly assigned to control and treated groups.

Procedure
Control pigs were fed a standard grower ration while culture material containing fumonisins (20 mg of hydrolyzed fumonisin B1/kg of body weight/d) was added to the feed of treated pigs for 7 days. On day 8, pigs were anesthetized with halothane and catheterized, using a sterile cut-down procedure. 18 hours after recovery from anesthesia, Monastral Blue or Pseudomonas aeruginosa was infused into the right atrium of treated and control pigs for 30 minutes and pulmonary clearance was determined.

Results
Pigs that were fed fumonisin-containing culture material had a significantly (P < 0.05) decreased ability to clear Monastral Blue and P aeruginosa. Ultrastructural examination of the lung indicated that uptake of copper pigment by pulmonary intravascular macrophages was decreased in treated pigs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Fumonisins, even when fed to pigs at sub-lethal concentrations, can inhibit pulmonary intravascular macrophages from removing particulate matter and bacteria from the circulation, thus potentially predisposing swine to infectious disease. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:1233-1238)
Toxoplasma gondii antigen recognition by serum immunoglobulins M, G, and A of queens and their neonatally infected kittens
Authors: Cannizzo K. L. , Lappin M. R. , Cooper C. M. , Dubey J. P. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate antigen recognition patterns of serum IgM, IgG, and IgA from queens and their kittens as a method of diagnosing neonatal toxoplasmosis.

Animals
5 pregnant queens were inoculated orally with Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts during gestation (18 to 44 days). On various days after parturition (0 to 97), serum was obtained from queens and kittens (n = 19).

Procedure
Tissues from most kittens were assessed for T gondii infection by bioassay in mice. Serum samples were evaluated by IgM, IgG, and IgA western blot immunoassays for the presence of T gondii antibodies. Antigens recognized by kitten serum samples, but not by the corresponding queen serum sample, were considered to indicate neonatal infection with T gondii.

Results
Using the results of western blot immunoassay, 8 of 19 kittens (age, 2 to 97 days) were determined to be infected with T gondii. Western blot immunoassay results correlated well with bioassay results, identifying 7 of 8 bioassay-positive kittens. Western blot immunoassay additionally identified 1 kitten as infected, but tissues from the kitten had not been bioassayed. In each of the 5 kittens that developed clinical signs of toxoplasmosis, the diagnosis of neonatal toxoplasmosis was supported by results of the western blot immunoassays.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance
Comparison of queen and kitten T gondii antigen recognition patterns of IgM, IgG, and IgA can be used for antemortem diagnosis of neonatal toxoplasmosis. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57: 1327-1330)
Physiologic effects of anesthesia induced and maintained by intravenous administration of a climazolam-ketamine combination in ponies premedicated with acepromazine and xylazine
Authors: Bettschart-Wolfensberger R. , Taylor P. M. , Sear J. W. , Bloomfield M. R. , Rentsch K. , Dawling S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To examine the physiologic and pharmacokinetic effects of a technique of total intravenous anesthesia in ponies.

Animals
6 healthy ponies.

Procedure
Ponies were premedicated with acepromazine (0.03 mg/kg of body weight, IV) and xylazine (1.0 mg/kg, IV). Two minutes later, anesthesia was induced with ketamine (2.0 mg/kg, IV) followed by climazolam (0.2 mg/kg, IV). Anesthesia was maintained for 120 minutes by an infusion of climazolam (0.4 mg/kg/h) and ketamine (6.0 mg/kg/h). Oxygen (5 L/min) was supplemented. 20 minutes after the infusion was stopped, sarmazenil (0.04 mg/kg, IV) was administered. Cardiovascular and respiratory function measurements were taken before and after premedication, and during anesthesia. Plasma cortisol, ACTH, and catecholamine concentrations were used to assess adrenal and pituitary gland function. Ketamine and climazolam kinetics were calculated, on the basis of plasma drug concentrations.

Results
There were no significant changes from prexylazine values in heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, or arterial Po2, PCO2, and pH. Plasma cortisol concentration decreased during anesthesia, but plasma ACTH and catecholamine concentrations did not change. Recovery was fairly smooth, but some excitement and ataxia were noted in 2 ponies.

Conclusion
Ketamine-climazolam infusion appeared suitable for maintenance of anesthesia in ponies, although recovery was not ideal in 2 of 6 ponies. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:1472-1477)
Effect of volume variations on osteogenic capabilities of autogenous cancellous bone graft in dogs
Authors: DeVries Wilma J. , Runyon Caroline L. , Martinez Steven A. , Ireland William P. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the osteogenic effect of differing volumes of autogenous cancellous bone graft (ACBG) placed into partial cortical defects of the ulna.

Animals
15 healthy, mature Beagles.

Procedure
Weekly radiographic views of defects were obtained over 8 weeks and were analyzed for bone density by use of radiographic optical densitometry. Histologic sections were obtained 8 weeks after surgery and were planimetrically evaluated for area of total, lamellar, and woven bone.

Results
Defects receiving 0.3 and 0.75 g of ACBG had rapid initial bone production, and dogs receiving 0.3 g of ACBG had faster bone ingrowth than did those receiving 0.1 g of ACBG or controls. Defects receiving 0.75 g of ACBG had a rate of bony ingrowth equal to 0.3 g of ACBG. There was no difference in the histomorphometric area fractions of total, lamellar, or woven bone between defects treated with 0.1 or 0.75 g of ACBG, and between grafted or control defects, 8 weeks after surgery.

Conclusions
Overfilling a cortical defect with ACBG does not enhance early osteogenesis within the defect, and underfilling will delay the onset of osteogenesis within the defect.

Clinical Relevance
A volume of ACBG sufficient only to fill a cortical defect is required to obtain a clinical osteogenic effect from the graft. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:1501-1505)
Effect of craniectomy, durotomy, and wound closure on intracranial pressure in healthy cats
Authors: Harrington Michael L. , Bagley Rodney S. , Moore Michael P. , Tyler Jeff W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To establish intracranial pressure (ICP) measurements in healthy cats under isoflurane anesthesia, using a fiberoptic monitoring system; to assess brain lesions associated with such monitoring; and to determine whether decompressive intracranial surgery decreases ICP in healthy cats.

Animals
6 healthy cats.

Procedure
Craniectomy and durotomy were performed, and the effect of these procedures on ICP was determined. ICP was monitored by use of a fiberoptic monitoring system. Gross and microscopic evaluations of brain tissues were performed after data collection.

Results
ICP decreased significantly after craniotomy and durotomy. After wound closure, ICP remained significantly reduced relative to initial pressures. However, postsurgical pressures were significantly increased, compared with those associated with ICP after durotomy. Gross and histologic abnormalities associated with placement of the ICP monitoring cable included mild focal acute hemorrhage and mechanical cortical disruption.

Conclusions
Craniectomy and durotomy significantly decreased ICP in healthy cats. ICP increased after wound closure, but remained significantly lower than initial pressures.

Clinical Relevance
Craniectomy and durotomy may be used to decrease ICP in cats. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:1659–1661)
Measurement of acoustic backscatter and attenuation in the liver of dogs with experimentally induced steroid hepatopathy
Authors: O'Brien Robert T. , Zagzebski James A. , Lu Zheng Feng , Steinberg Howard 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine the usefulness of a new method of measuring acoustic backscatter and attenuation in the liver of dogs with experimental steroid-induced hepatopathy.

Animals
10 clinically normal dogs.

Procedure
Steroid hepatopathy was induced by daily injections of prednisone (2 mg/kg of body weight, IM). Dogs were evaluated histologically and were sonographically imaged on days 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14. Acoustic backscatter and attenuation were measured from in vivo images of dogs, using a video signal method, and compared with results obtained from analysis of the unprocessed radio frequency signal.

Results
Histologic evaluation revealed midzonal, predominantly water-filled vacuoles in hepatocytes by day 7, which persisted for the remainder of the study and significantly (P = 0.0001) increased liver weight on day 14. Attenuation and backscatter increased during the experimental period. Mean effective attenuation difference was higher (P = 0.015) in the liver imaged through a left paraxyphoid window in experimental dogs by day 3. Significantly (P < 0.05) greater attenuation persisted in the liver of experimental dogs throughout the experimental period. Mean backscatter ratio was significantly increased (P = 0.02) by day 10. Uncorrected pixel intensity of the liver in 2 experimental dogs was approximately equal to that of the spleen on day 10 and greater than that of the spleen on day 14.

Conclusion
Administration of prednisone to dogs results in increased acoustic backscatter and attenuation in the liver.

Clinical Relevance
The video signal method is a sensitive technique for detecting subtle acoustic changes in the liver of dogs. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:1690–1694)
Mechanical symmetry of rabbit bones studied by bending and indentation testing
Authors: An Yuehuei H. , Kang Qian , Friedman Richard J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether mechanical parameters of rabbit long bones are bilaterally symmetric.

Animals
Adult male New Zealand White rabbits.

Procedure
17 pairs of femurs, tibias, and humeri were mechanically tested with 3-point bending (for diaphyseal bone) and indentation (for epiphyseal bone).

Results
Significant differences were not found between the right and left femur, tibia, or humerus for all bending parameters. Significant differences were not found between the right and left femoral, tibial, or humeral epiphyses for all indentation parameters.

Conclusions
The results indicate mechanical symmetry of rabbit long bones in terms of mean value. The study also developed a normal comparable database for bending and indentation parameters of the rabbit femur, tibia, and humerus. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:1786–1789)
Effect of sodium bisulfate on ammonia concentration, fly population, and manure pH in a horse barn
Authors: Sweeney Corinne R. , McDonnell Sue , Russell Gail E. , Terzich Mac 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of altering the pH of manure with sodium bisulfate, thereby decreasing ammonia concentration and fly population in a horse barn environment.

Animals
4 mixed-breed pony stallions.

Procedure
The 4-week study was scheduled with 2 weeks of treatment (with 2 application rates) end 2 weeks with no treatment (control weeks). During treatment weeks, sodium bisulfate was applied daily to the top of the bedding and straw, then spread on top. Ponies were kept in tne stalls 24 hours a day during the 7-day test period and stall cleaning was not done. On day 7 of each week, ammonia concentration, manure pH, number of flies on a fly tape, and fly-evasive behavior patterns were determined.

Results
Sodium bisulfate applied to the horse stall environment daily of either 2.3 or 4.5 kg/9.3 m2(5 or 10lb/100 ft2) decreased ammonia concentration, manure pF, and number of flies in the stall environment, compared with a control period with no sodium bisulfate. Fly-evasive behavior patterns of ponies occupying the stalls, including tail swishes, head tosses, and kicks/strikes, were decreased during the period of sodium bisulfate application.

Conclusion
Sodium bisulfate rnay be an effective method of decreasing ammonia concentration and may serve as a method of fly control in horse barns. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:1795–1798)
Determination of concentration of albendazole sulfoxide in plasma and uterine fluid of heifers
Authors: Piscopo Susan E. , Farin Charlotte E. , Bai Stephen A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To determine time and concentration of peak plasma and uterine fluid concentrations of albendazole (ABZ) sulfoxide (ABZSO) in heifers after oral administration of ABZ.

Sample Population
25 young Angus and Simmental heifers maintained on pasture with ad libitum access to hay and water.

Procedure
Heifers were assigned at random to ABZ or control (water) groups, and were drenched with ABZ suspension at a dosage of 15, 30, 60, or 120 mg/kg of body weight, or with water. Plasma was collected hourly, from 14 to 25 hours after administration of ABZ or water. After a drug-withdrawal period, heifers were synchronized for estrus and drenched with 60 mg of ABZ/kg, or water (50 ml). Each uterine horn was flushed. All samples were extracted and subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis.

Results
For all groups, highest mean ± SEM plasma concentration of ABZSO was observed between 15 and 16 hours after ABZ administration, at 2.0 ± 0.4 µg/ml (15 mg/kg), 5.3 ± 1.0 µg/ml (30 mg/kg), 7.4 ± 1.5 µg/ml (60 mg/kg), and 11.1 ± 2.7 µg/ml (120 mg/kg). Mean concentration for all uterine horn fluid samples was 265 ± 25 ng/ml/horn; range was 79 to 546 ng/ml/horn. The only significant (P = 0.0006) source of variation was the technician performing the flush. Mean concentration for each technician was 184 ± 24 ng/ml/horn and 345 ± 35 ng/ml/horn.

Clinical Relevance
Teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of ABZSO differ for ewes and heifers. Albendazole sulfoxide is detectable in the uterus of heifers; however, ABZSO peaks in heifer plasma earlier and at a lower concentration than that reported for ewes, perhaps contributing to differences in susceptibility at similar dosages. (Am J Vet Res 1997;58:62–65)
Decreased serum apolipoprotein B-100 and A-I concentrations in cows with ketosis and left displacement of the abomasum
Authors: Oikawa Shin , Katoh Norio , Kawawa Fumio , Ono Yasushi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To assess the relevance of hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver) in the development of ketosis and left displacement of the abomasum (LDA).

Sample Population
Sera from 22 healthy cows in early lactation. 21 cows with ketosis, and 19 cows with LDA, and serum and liver specimens from 35 slaughtered cows with or without fatty liver, ketosis, and/or LDA.

Procedure
Apolipoprotein B-100 and A-I concentrations were measured in sera of healthy farm cows and of farm cows with ketosis and LDA. Serum apolipoprotein concentration, together with liver triglyceride content, also were surveyed in a subset of slaughtered cows.

Results
Compared with those in healthy cows or controls, apolipoprotein B-100 and A-I concentrations were decreased in cows with ketosis and LDA.

Conclusions
Decreases in apolipoprotein B-100 and A-I concentrations in cows with ketosis and LDA indicate that the 2 disorders may be intimately associated with fatty liver.

Clinical Relevance
Monitoring of the apolipoprotein B-100 and A-I concentrations during the stages of nonlactation and early lactation is helpful for detecting cows susceptible to ketosis and LDA. (Am J Vet Res 1997;58:121–125)