bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skeletal muscle-secreted DLPC orchestrates systemic energy homeostasis by enhancing adipose browning
Authors: Hu Xiaodi , Sun Mingwei , Chen Qian , Zhao Yixia , Liang Na , Wang Siyuan , Yin Pengbin , Yang Yuanping , Lam Sin Man , Zhang Qianying , Tudiyusufu Alimujiang , Gu Yingying , Wan Xin , Chen Meihong , Li Hu , Zhang Xiaofei , Shui Guanghou , Fu Suneng , Zhang Licheng , Tang Peifu , Wong Catherine C. L. , Zhang Yong , Zhu Dahai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMyoD is a skeletal muscle-specifically expressed transcription factor and plays a critical role in regulating myogenesis during muscle development and regeneration. However, whether myofibers-expressed MyoD exerts its metabolic function in regulating whole body energy homeostasis in vivo remains largely unknown. Here, we report that genetic deletion of Myod in male mice enhances the oxidative metabolism of muscle and, intriguingly, renders the male mice resistant to high fat diet-induced obesity. By performing lipidomic analysis in muscle-conditioned medium and serum, we identify 1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC) as a muscle-released lipid that is responsible for MyoD-orchestrated body energy homeostasis in male Myod KO mice. Functionally, the administration of DLPC significantly ameliorates HFD-induced obesity in male mice. Mechanistically, DLPC is found to induce white adipose browning via lipid peroxidation-mediated p38 signaling in male mice. Collectively, our findings not only uncover a novel function of MyoD in controlling systemic energy homeostasis through the muscle-derived lipokine DLPC but also suggest that the DLPC might have clinical potential for treating obesity in humans.
Targeted V1 comodulation supports task-adaptive sensory decisions
Authors: Haimerl Caroline , Ruff Douglas A. , Cohen Marlene R. , Savin Cristina , Simoncelli Eero P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSensory-guided behavior requires reliable encoding of stimulus information in neural populations, and flexible, task-specific readout. The former has been studied extensively, but the latter remains poorly understood. We introduce a theory for adaptive sensory processing based on functionally-targeted stochastic modulation. We show that responses of neurons in area V1 of monkeys performing a visual discrimination task exhibit low-dimensional, rapidly fluctuating gain modulation, which is stronger in task-informative neurons and can be used to decode from neural activity after few training trials, consistent with observed behavior. In a simulated hierarchical neural network model, such labels are learned quickly and can be used to adapt downstream readout, even after several intervening processing stages. Consistently, we find the modulatory signal estimated in V1 is also present in the activity of simultaneously recorded MT units, and is again strongest in task-informative neurons. These results support the idea that co-modulation facilitates task-adaptive hierarchical information routing.
Diurnal temperature range as a key predictor of plants’ elevation ranges globally
Authors: Gallou Arnaud , Jump Alistair S. , Lynn Joshua S. , Field Richard , Irl Severin D. H. , Steinbauer Manuel J. , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Chen Jan-Chang , Chou Chang-Hung , Hemp Andreas , Kidane Yohannes , König Christian , Kreft Holger , Naqinezhad Alireza , Nowak Arkadiusz , Nuppenau Jan-Niklas , Trigas Panayiotis , Price Jonathan P. , Roland Carl A. , Schweiger Andreas H. , Weigelt Patrick , Flantua Suzette G. A. , Grytnes John-Arvid 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA prominent hypothesis in ecology is that larger species ranges are found in more variable climates because species develop broader environmental tolerances, predicting a positive range size-temperature variability relationship. However, this overlooks the extreme temperatures that variable climates impose on species, with upper or lower thermal limits more likely to be exceeded. Accordingly, we propose the ‘temperature range squeeze’ hypothesis, predicting a negative range size-temperature variability relationship. We test these contrasting predictions by relating 88,000 elevation range sizes of vascular plants in 44 mountains to short- and long-term temperature variation. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that species’ range size is negatively correlated with diurnal temperature range. Accurate predictions of short-term temperature variation will become increasingly important for extinction risk assessment in the future.
Engineered immunogens to elicit antibodies against conserved coronavirus epitopes
Authors: Kapingidza A. Brenda , Marston Daniel J. , Harris Caitlin , Wrapp Daniel , Winters Kaitlyn , Mielke Dieter , Xiaozhi Lu , Yin Qi , Foulger Andrew , Parks Rob , Barr Maggie , Newman Amanda , Schäfer Alexandra , Eaton Amanda , Flores Justine Mae , Harner Austin , Catanzaro Nicholas J. , Mallory Michael L. , Mattocks Melissa D. , Beverly Christopher , Rhodes Brianna , Mansouri Katayoun , Van Itallie Elizabeth , Vure Pranay , Dunn Brooke , Keyes Taylor , Stanfield-Oakley Sherry , Woods Christopher W. , Petzold Elizabeth A. , Walter Emmanuel B. , Wiehe Kevin , Edwards Robert J. , Montefiori David C. , Ferrari Guido , Baric Ralph , Cain Derek W. , Saunders Kevin O. , Haynes Barton F. , Azoitei Mihai L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractImmune responses to SARS-CoV-2 primarily target the receptor binding domain of the spike protein, which continually mutates to escape acquired immunity. Other regions in the spike S2 subunit, such as the stem helix and the segment encompassing residues 815-823 adjacent to the fusion peptide, are highly conserved across sarbecoviruses and are recognized by broadly reactive antibodies, providing hope that vaccines targeting these epitopes could offer protection against both current and emergent viruses. Here we employ computational modeling to design scaffolded immunogens that display the spike 815-823 peptide and the stem helix epitopes without the distracting and immunodominant receptor binding domain. These engineered proteins bind with high affinity and specificity to the mature and germline versions of previously identified broadly protective human antibodies. Epitope scaffolds interact with both sera and isolated monoclonal antibodies with broadly reactivity from individuals with pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 immunity. When used as immunogens, epitope scaffolds elicit sera with broad betacoronavirus reactivity and protect as “boosts” against live virus challenge in mice, illustrating their potential as components of a future pancoronavirus vaccine.
Augmenting interpretable models with large language models during training
Authors: Singh Chandan , Askari Armin , Caruana Rich , Gao Jianfeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have demonstrated remarkable prediction performance for a growing array of tasks. However, their proliferation into high-stakes domains and compute-limited settings has created a burgeoning need for interpretability and efficiency. We address this need by proposing Aug-imodels, a framework for leveraging the knowledge learned by LLMs to build extremely efficient and interpretable prediction models. Aug-imodels use LLMs during fitting but not during inference, allowing complete transparency and often a speed/memory improvement of greater than 1000x for inference compared to LLMs. We explore two instantiations of Aug-imodels in natural-language processing: Aug-Linear, which augments a linear model with decoupled embeddings from an LLM and Aug-Tree, which augments a decision tree with LLM feature expansions. Across a variety of text-classification datasets, both outperform their non-augmented, interpretable counterparts. Aug-Linear can even outperform much larger models, e.g. a 6-billion parameter GPT-J model, despite having 10,000x fewer parameters and being fully transparent. We further explore Aug-imodels in a natural-language fMRI study, where they generate interesting interpretations from scientific data.
Quantifying global colonization pressures of alien vertebrates from wildlife trade
Authors: Li Yiming , Blackburn Tim M. , Luo Zexu , Song Tianjian , Watters Freyja , Li Wenhao , Deng Teng , Luo Zhenhua , Li Yuanyi , Du Jiacong , Niu Meiling , Zhang Jun , Zhang Jinyu , Yang Jiaxue , Wang Siqi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe global trade in live wildlife elevates the risk of biological invasions by increasing colonization pressure (the number of alien species introduced to an area). Yet, our understanding of species traded as aliens remains limited. We created a comprehensive global database on live terrestrial vertebrate trade and use it to investigate the number of traded alien species, and correlates of establishment richness for aliens. We identify 7,780 species involved in this trade globally. Approximately 85.7% of these species are traded as aliens, and 12.2% of aliens establish populations. Countries with greater trading power, higher incomes, and larger human populations import more alien species. These countries, along with island nations, emerge as hotspots for establishment richness of aliens. Colonization pressure and insularity consistently promote establishment richness across countries, while socio-economic factors impact specific taxa. Governments must prioritize policies to mitigate the release or escape of traded animals and protect global biosecurity.
Endogenous noise of neocortical neurons correlates with atypical sensory response variability in the Fmr1−/y mouse model of autism
Authors: Bhaskaran Arjun A. , Gauvrit Théo , Vyas Yukti , Bony Guillaume , Ginger Melanie , Frick Andreas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExcessive neural variability of sensory responses is a hallmark of atypical sensory processing in autistic individuals with cascading effects on other core autism symptoms but unknown neurobiological substrate. Here, by recording neocortical single neuron activity in a well-established mouse model of Fragile X syndrome and autism, we characterized atypical sensory processing and probed the role of endogenous noise sources in exaggerated response variability in males. The analysis of sensory stimulus evoked activity and spontaneous dynamics, as well as neuronal features, reveals a complex cellular and network phenotype. Neocortical sensory information processing is more variable and temporally imprecise. Increased trial-by-trial and inter-neuronal response variability is strongly related to key endogenous noise features, and may give rise to behavioural sensory responsiveness variability in autism. We provide a novel preclinical framework for understanding the sources of endogenous noise and its contribution to core autism symptoms, and for testing the functional consequences for mechanism-based manipulation of noise.
Influx of nitrogen-rich material from the outer Solar System indicated by iron nitride in Ryugu samples
Authors: Matsumoto Toru , Noguchi Takaaki , Miyake Akira , Igami Yohei , Haruta Mitsutaka , Seto Yusuke , Miyahara Masaaki , Tomioka Naotaka , Saito Hikaru , Hata Satoshi , Harries Dennis , Takigawa Aki , Nakauchi Yusuke , Tachibana Shogo , Nakamura Tomoki , Matsumoto Megumi , Ishii Hope A. , Bradley John P. , Ohtaki Kenta , Dobrică Elena , Leroux Hugues , Le Guillou Corentin , Jacob Damien , de la Peña Francisco , Laforet Sylvain , Marinova Maya , Langenhorst Falko , Beck Pierre , Phan Thi H. V. , Rebois Rolando , Abreu Neyda M. , Gray Jennifer , Zega Thomas , Zanetta Pierre-M. , Thompson Michelle S. , Stroud Rhonda , Burgess Kate , Cymes Brittany A. , Bridges John C. , Hicks Leon , Lee Martin R. , Daly Luke , Bland Phil A. , Zolensky Michael E. , Frank David R. , Martinez James , Tsuchiyama Akira , Yasutake Masahiro , Matsuno Junya , Okumura Shota , Mitsukawa Itaru , Uesugi Kentaro , Uesugi Masayuki , Takeuchi Akihisa , Sun Mingqi , Enju Satomi , Michikami Tatsuhiro , Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Okazaki Ryuji , Yabuta Hikaru , Naraoka Hiroshi , Sakamoto Kanako , Yada Toru , Nishimura Masahiro , Nakato Aiko , Miyazaki Akiko , Yogata Kasumi , Abe Masanao , Okada Tatsuaki , Usui Tomohiro , Yoshikawa Makoto , Saiki Takanao , Tanaka Satoshi , Terui Fuyuto , Nakazawa Satoru , Watanabe Sei-ichiro , Tsuda Yuichi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLarge amounts of nitrogen compounds, such as ammonium salts, may be stored in icy bodies and comets, but the transport of these nitrogen-bearing solids into the near-Earth region is not well understood. Here, we report the discovery of iron nitride on magnetite grains from the surface of the near-Earth C-type carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu, suggesting inorganic nitrogen fixation. Micrometeoroid impacts and solar wind irradiation may have caused the selective loss of volatile species from major iron-bearing minerals to form the metallic iron. Iron nitride is a product of nitridation of the iron metal by impacts of micrometeoroids that have higher nitrogen contents than the CI chondrites. The impactors are probably primitive materials with origins in the nitrogen-rich reservoirs in the outer Solar System. Our observation implies that the amount of nitrogen available for planetary formation and prebiotic reactions in the inner Solar System is greater than previously recognized.
The evolution of short- and long-range weapons for bacterial competition
Authors: Booth Sean C. , Smith William P. J. , Foster Kevin R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBacteria possess a diverse range of mechanisms for inhibiting competitors, including bacteriocins, tailocins, type VI secretion systems and contact-dependent inhibition (CDI). Why bacteria have evolved such a wide array of weapon systems remains a mystery. Here we develop an agent-based model to compare short-range weapons that require cell–cell contact, with long-range weapons that rely on diffusion. Our model predicts that contact weapons are useful when an attacking strain is outnumbered, facilitating invasion and establishment. By contrast, ranged weapons tend to be effective only when attackers are abundant. We test our predictions with the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which naturally carries multiple weapons, including CDI and diffusing tailocins. As predicted, short-range CDI can function at low and high frequencies, while long-range tailocins require high frequency and cell density to function effectively. Head-to-head competition experiments with the two weapon types further support our predictions: a tailocin attacker defeats CDI only when it is numerically dominant, but then we find it can be devastating. Finally, we show that the two weapons work well together when one strain employs both. We conclude that short- and long-range weapons serve different functions and allow bacteria to fight both as individuals and as a group.
The anticancer mechanisms of exopolysaccharide from Weissella cibaria D-2 on colorectal cancer via apoptosis induction
Authors: Du Yurong , Liu Lei , Yan Weiliang , Li Yang , Li Yuanzhe , Cui Kang , Yu Pu , Gu Zhuoyu , Zhang WanCun , Feng Jianguo , Li Zhen , Tang Hao , Du Yabing , Zhao Huan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExopolysaccharide (EPS) from Weissella cibaria has been devoted to the study of food industry. However, the anticancer activity of W. cibaria derived EPS has not yet been investigated. In this study, we obtained the EPS from W. cibaria D-2 isolated from the feces of healthy infants and found that D-2-EPS, a homopolysaccharide with porous web like structure, could effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion and induce cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. In HT-29 tumor xenografts, D-2-EPS significantly retarded tumor growth without obvious cytotoxicity to normal organs. Furthermore, we revealed that D-2-EPS promoted the apoptosis of CRC cells by increasing the levels of Fas, FasL and activating Caspase-8/Caspase-3, indicating that D-2-EPS might induce apoptosis through the extrinsic Fas/FasL pathway. Taken together, the D-2-EPS has the potential to be developed as a nutraceutical or drug to prevent and treat colorectal cancer.
Ambipolar surface conduction in oxygen sub-stoichiometric molybdenum oxide films
Authors: Soultati Anastasia , Aidinis Konstantinos , Chroneos Alexander , Vasilopoulou Maria , Davazoglou Dimitris 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe surface electric conduction in amorphous and crystallized molybdenum oxide films was studied as a function of electronic structure by current–voltage and simultaneous spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements on structures of the kind Al/Molybdenum oxide (MoOx)/Al, at temperatures up to 400 °C and in ambient air. At room temperature, both amorphous and crystalline MoOx samples were found to be sub-stoichiometric in oxygen. The random distribution of oxygen vacancies and the imperfect atomic ordering induced the creation of an intermediate band (IB) located near the valence band and of individual electronic gap states. At temperatures below 300 °C, the conduction was found to exhibit ambipolar character in which electrons and holes participated, the former moving in the conduction band and the latter in the IB and though gap states. Above 300 °C, due to samples gradual oxidation and improvement of atomic ordering (samples crystallization), the density of states in the IB and the gap gradually decreased. The above in their turn resulted in the gradual suppression of the ambipolar character of the conduction, which at 400 °C was completely suppressed and became similar to that of ordinary n-type semiconductor. The above phenomena were found to be reversible, so as the semiconducting MoOx samples were returning to room temperature the ambipolarity of the conduction was gradually re-appearing giving rise to an unusual phenomenon of “metallic” temperature variation of electrical resistance when electrons were injected.
Semiconductivity induced by spin–orbit coupling in Pb9Cu(PO4)6O
Authors: Bai Hua , Ye Jianrong , Gao Lei , Zeng Chunhua , Liu Wuming 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecently, a possible room-temperature superconductor known as LK-99 (Pb10-xCux(PO4)6O (0.9 < x < 1.1)) has sparked a wave of research. However, many experimental works have proven that it is a semiconductor. At the same time, many theoretical works have reached the conclusion that it is a flat band metal. The inconsistency between theoretical and experimental works may be caused by neglecting the spin–orbit coupling effect in calculations. We performed calculations of electronic structure of Pb9Cu(PO4)6O with spin–orbit coupling, and the results show that it's indeed a semiconductor, not a metal. In the ferromagnetic state it is an indirect-bandgap semiconductor with a bandgap of 292 meV. While in the antiferromagnetic-A state, it is a direct-bandgap semiconductor with a bandgap of 300 meV. Our work provides a possible explanation for the contradictions of previous experiments and theories, and provides some theoretical basis for the potential application of Pb9Cu(PO4)6O as a semiconductor.
Complex dynamics of induced vortex formation and thermal-fluid coupling in tri-hybrid nanofluid under localized magnetic field: a novel study
Authors: Ahmad Shabbir , Ali Kashif , Castellanos Humberto Garcia , Aryanfar Yashar , Rashid Farhan Lafta , Hendy Ahmed S. , Deifalla Ahmed , Ragab Adham E. , Khan Muhammad , Gomaa Heba Ghareeb 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHybrid nanofluids offer higher stability, synergistic effects, and better heat transfer compared to simple nanofluids. Their higher thermal conductivity, lower viscosity, and interaction with magnetic fields make them ideal for various applications, including materials science, transportation, medical technology, energy, and fundamental physics. The governing partial differential equations are numerically solved by employing a finite volume approach, and the effects of various parameters on the nanofluid flow and thermal characteristics are systematically examined from the simulations based on a self-developed MATLAB code. The parameters included magnetic field strength, the Reynolds number, the nanoparticle volume fraction, and the number and position of the strips in which the magnetic field is localized. It has been noted that the magnetized field induces the spinning of the tri-hybrid nanoparticles, which generates the intricate structure of vortices in the flow. The local skin friction (CfRe) and the Nusselt number (Nu) increase significantly when the magnetic field is intensified. Moreover, adding more nanoparticles in the flow enhances both Nu and CfRe, but with different effects for different nanoparticles. Silver (Ag) shows the highest increase in both Nu (52%) and CfRe (110%), indicating strong thermal-fluid coupling. Alumina (Al2O3) and Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) show lower increases in both Nu (43% and 34%) and CfRe (14% and 10%), indicating weaker coupling in the flow. Finally, compared with the localized one, the uniform magnetic field has a minor effect on the flow and temperature distributions.
Distilling causality between physical activity traits and obesity via Mendelian randomization
Authors: Wang Zhe , Davey Smith George , Loos Ruth J. F. , den Hoed Marcel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Whether obesity is a cause or consequence of low physical activity levels and more sedentary time has not yet been fully elucidated. Better instrumental variables and a more thorough consideration of potential confounding variables that may influence the causal inference between physical activity and obesity are needed.

Methods
Leveraging results from our recent genome-wide association study for leisure time moderate-to-vigorous intensity (MV) physical activity and screen time, we here disentangle the causal relationships between physical activity, sedentary behavior, education—defined by years of schooling—and body mass index (BMI), using multiple univariable and multivariable Mendelian Randomization (MR) approaches.

Results
Univariable MR analyses suggest bidirectional causal effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior with BMI. However, multivariable MR analyses that take years of schooling into account suggest that more MV physical activity causes a lower BMI, and a higher BMI causes more screen time, but not vice versa. In addition, more years of schooling causes higher levels of MV physical activity, less screen time, and lower BMI.

Conclusions
In conclusion, our results highlight the beneficial effect of education on improved health and suggest that a more physically active lifestyle leads to lower BMI, while sedentary behavior is a consequence of higher BMI.