bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organoid assessment technologies
Authors: Gu Yuyuan , Zhang Wencai , Wu Xianmin , Zhang Yuanwei , Xu Ke , Su Jiacan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite enormous advances in the generation of organoids, robust and stable protocols of organoids are still a major challenge to researchers. Research for assessing structures of organoids and the evaluations of their functions on in vitro or in vivo is often limited by precision strategies. A growing interest in assessing organoids has arisen, aimed at standardizing the process of obtaining organoids to accurately resemble human‐derived tissue. The complex microenvironment of organoids, intricate cellular crosstalk, organ‐specific architectures and further complicate functions urgently quest for high‐through schemes. By utilizing multi‐omics analysis and single‐cell analysis, cell‐cell interaction mechanisms can be deciphered, and their structures can be investigated in a detailed view by histological analysis. In this review, we will conclude the novel approaches to study the molecular mechanism and cell heterogeneity of organoids and discuss the histological and morphological similarity of organoids in comparison to the human body. Future perspectives on functional analysis will be developed and the organoids will become mature models.
Beta arrestin‐related signalling axes are influenced by dexamethasone and metformin in vascular smooth muscle cells cultured in high glucose condition
Authors: Soleimani Ali Akbar , Shokri Nafiseh , Elahimanesh Mohammad , Mohammadi Payam , Parvaz Najmeh , Bakhshandeh Masoomeh , Najafi Mohammad 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMetformin (Met) and dexamethasone (Dexa) are known to reduce blood sugar levels and anti‐inflammatory effects, respectively. Based on the acceleration of atherosclerosis process in diabetes, the β‐arrestin 2 (BARR2) gene and protein expression levels were evaluated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) treated with Met and Dexa in high glucose conditions in this study.Methods and MaterialsHuman VSMCs were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F‐12 (DMEM‐F12) medium and, were treated with different values of Met (1 mM, 5 mM and 7 mM) and Dexa (10−7 M, 10−6 M and 10−5 M) in 24‐ and 48‐h periods. The BARR2 gene and protein expression levels were identified with RT‐qPCR and western blotting techniques, respectively. The signalling axes were predicted from gene network made using Cytoscape software and, were annotated with Gene Ontology.ResultsThe BARR2 gene and protein expression levels reduced in VSMCs treated with Dexa and Met after 24‐ and 48‐h periods. These results were more changed after 48 h. Furthermore, many BARR2‐related signalling axes were found from the network genes.ConclusionMet and Dexa suppressed the BARR2 protein and gene expression levels in the VSMCs. Moreover, the gene network suggested some the cellular signalling axes related to BARR2 that may be affected by Met and Dexa.
Rethinking trophic interactions in agricultural landscapes through tracking secondary feeding
Authors: Kheirodin Arash , Sayari Mohammad , Schmidt Jason M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConservation biological control efforts depend on accurately estimating predator roles in crop fields, and knowledge of plant resources generalist predators utilize in agricultural landscapes. Generalist predators move among habitats to feed on insect prey and some predators feed on plants for non‐prey nutrients. Studying predation with molecular gut content analysis (MGCA), provides estimates of within field frequencies of predation on target pests and alternative prey. However, prey DNA takes time to move through the predator digestive system, so a portion of the observed predation likely occurs in adjacent crops or semi‐natural habitats. Therefore, we tested a strategy to estimate recent secondary feeding to help trace predation back to the source habitat. We selected the diamondback moth and three common predators with different mouthparts: Coccinella septempunctata, Geocoris punctipes, and Pardosa spiders, as model organisms for these proof‐of‐concept experiments. We estimated post‐feeding primary and secondary plant DNA detection time and compared it between these three predators using previously designed Lepidoptera primers and newly designed Brassica‐specific primers. Our results indicate secondary plant feeding detection largely depends on predator mouthparts. While secondary collard DNA detectability half‐life was 5.5 h and remained detectable for up to 30 h for the chewing predator, C. septempunctata, only 4% and 8.3% of G. punctipes and Pardosa spp. individuals, respectively, tested positive for collard DNA. However, more studies are required to confirm this mouthpart‐specific post‐feeding plant DNA detection time. Our feeding trials confirmed the possibility of primary and secondary plant feeding detection for chewing predators. Hence, when crops are not flowering (or anthesis), secondary plant feeding detection can be used to trace chewing predators to source habitats where they consumed sessile prey (e.g., nymphs and sessile adults). Such multitrophic linkage knowledge could unravel the landscape‐wise contribution of predators to pest control services.
CO2 to Cyclic Carbonate: A Mechanistic Insight of a Benign Route Using Zinc(II) Salophen Complexes
Authors: Ramesh Aishwarya , De Sharmistha , Bajaj Sakshi , Das Bidisa , Ray Saumi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractZinc(II) Schiff base complexes with different substituents at 5, 5’ positions have been synthesized to study the effect of the electronic environment of the metal towards the cycloaddition reaction between CO2 and epoxide. The complexes have been characterized by FT‐IR, XPS, NMR, electronic spectroscopy, LC–MS, and TGA. We have used density functional theory to study the electronic structure of the Zn(II) complexes and modelled the electronic spectra and the mechanism of catalysis. Results obtained from DFT and LC–MS indicate the dimeric structures for all the complexes except ZnL4. The monomeric ZnL4 has the strongest electron withdrawing group, i. e., −NO2 at 5, 5’ positions along with two labile water molecules attached to the Zn center. The dimeric complexes exhibit good to moderate yield for cycloaddition reaction to styrene carbonate under solvent‐free conditions and a relatively low reaction temperature of 80 °C, with CO2 pressure of ~1 atm. The best yield has been achieved by ZnL4. Different rate‐determining steps are captured by the DFT studies for dimeric and monomeric complexes. Without taking any preventing measure of dimerization by attaching the bulky tBu groups, relatively lesser catalytic amounts of all the complexes have shown yields of cyclic carbonate between 53–74 %, depending on the nature of the substituent present.
Entropy generation in a ciliary flow of an Eyring–Powell ternary hybrid nanofluid through a channel with electroosmosis and mixed convection
Authors: Alshehri Nawal A. , Riaz Arshad , Sikandar Sheraz , Muhammad Taseer 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDrug delivery systems, where the nanofluid flow with electroosmosis and mixed convection can help in efficient and targeted drug delivery to specific cells or organs, could benefit from understanding the behavior of nanofluids in biological systems. In current work, authors have studied the theoretical model of two‐dimensional ciliary flow of blood‐based (Eyring–Powell) nanofluid model with the insertion of ternary hybrid nanoparticles along with the effects of electroosmosis, magnetohydrodynamics, thermal radiations, and mixed convection. Moreover, the features of entropy generation are also taken into consideration. The system is modeled in a wave frame with the approximations of large wave number and neglecting turbulence effects. The problem is solved numerically by using the shooting method with the assistance of computational software “Mathematica” for solving the governing equation. According to the temperature curves, the temperature will increase as the Hartman number, fluid factor, ohmic heating, and cilia length increase. It is also disclosed that ternary hybrid nanoparticles result in a change in flow rate when other problem parameters are varied, and the same is true for temperature graphs. Engineers and scientists can make better use of nanofluid‐based cooling systems in electronics, automobiles, and industrial processes with the aid of the study's findings.
WRAPPER study: Real‐world effectiveness and tolerability of adjunctive perampanel for people with drug–resistant epilepsy in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Charlie C. H. , Leung Ho Wan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe Prince of Wales Hospital (PWH) Real‐world Analysis of People with Drug‐Resistant Epilepsy (DRE) on PERampanel (WRAPPER) study assessed effectiveness and tolerability of adjunctive perampanel in people with DRE attending PWH.MethodsThis was a prospective single‐center real‐world observational study involving 70 people with DRE between July 2016 and June 2021. A post hoc analysis after the initial study period of 16 weeks assessed outcomes for an extended period up to 52 weeks.ResultsAfter 16 weeks, median dose of perampanel was 2 mg (IQR 24 mg). 50% responder rates were 40.0%, 41.5%, and 48.7% at 16, 26, and 52 weeks. Seizure freedom was 12.9%, 20.7%, and 25.6% at 16, 26, and 52 weeks. Monthly seizure frequency reduced from 3.0 (IQR 3.0–6.6) at baseline to 2.0 (IQR 2.0–6.0, p = 0.005) at 16 weeks; 2.0 (IQR 2.0–5.0, p = 0.01) at 26 weeks; and 2.0 (IQR 0.0–4.0, p = 0.018) at 52 weeks. Older age predicted 50% responders (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.14, p = 0.048).At 16 weeks, 51.4% (36/70) had treatment‐emergent adverse effects (TEAEs). Most common was seizure exacerbation at 35.7% (25/70) followed by fatigue at 15.7% (11/70). NPI‐12 and ZBI scores indicated no increase in neuropsychiatric symptoms on perampanel.SignificanceLow‐dose 2–4 mg adjunctive perampanel for people with DRE conferred appreciable improvements in seizure reduction without significant neuropsychiatric adverse effects in the real‐world setting at a tertiary center in Hong Kong and had better antiseizure effect with advancing age.Plain Language SummaryThis real‐world study from Hong Kong found low‐dose perampanel was effective and tolerable for people with drug‐resistant epilepsy. Furthermore, perampanel was also potentially more effective with advancing age.
International Water Quality Guidelines for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Advances to Improve Jurisdictional Uptake of Guidelines Derived Using The Target Lipid Model
Authors: Tillmanns Angeline R. , McGrath Joy A. , Di Toro Dominic M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A large number of different of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been found in environmental media, yet water quality guidelines (WQGs) are only available for a small subset of PAHs, limiting our ability to adequately assess environmental risks from these compounds. The target lipid model (TLM) was published over 20 years ago and has been extensively validated in the literature, but it has still not been widely adopted by jurisdictions to derive WQGs for PAHs. The goal of our study was to better align the methods for deriving TLM-based WQGs with international derivation protocols. This included updating the TLM with rescreened data to identify datapoints by which effect concentrations were estimated rather than measured, modernizing the statistics used to generate the hazard concentration, and testing the applicability of a chronic TLM model rather than using the acute-to-chronic ratio. The results show that the acute TLM model did not deviate substantially from the previous iteration, indicating that the model has reached a point of stability after over 20 years of testing and improvements. Water quality guidelines derived directly from a chronic TLM provided a similar level of protection as previous iterations of the TLM. The major advantage of adopting TLM-derived WQGs is the expanded list of PAH WQGs, which will allow a more fulsome quantification of environmental risks and the ability to apply the model to mixtures. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:686–700. © 2023 SETAC
Hepatic Transcriptomic Responses to Ethinylestradiol in Embryonic Japanese Quail and Double-Crested Cormorant
Authors: Jeon Yeon-Seon , Sangiovanni Jonathan , Boulanger Emily , Crump Doug , Liu Peng , Ewald Jessica , Basu Niladri , Xia Jianguo , Hecker Markus , Head Jessica 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Understanding species differences in sensitivity to toxicants is a critical issue in ecotoxicology. We recently established that double-crested cormorant (DCCO) embryos are more sensitive than Japanese quail (JQ) to the developmental effects of ethinylestradiol (EE2). We explored how this difference in sensitivity between species is reflected at a transcriptomic level. The EE2 was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and injected into the air cell of eggs prior to incubation at nominal concentrations of 0, 3.33, and 33.3 µg/g egg weight. At midincubation (JQ 9 days; DCCO 16 days), livers were collected from five embryos/treatment group for RNA sequencing. Data were processed and analyzed using EcoOmicsAnalyst and ExpressAnalyst. The EE2 exposure dysregulated 238 and 1,987 genes in JQ and DCCO, respectively, with 78 genes in common between the two species. These included classic biomarkers of estrogen exposure such as vitellogenin and apovitellenin. We also report DCCO-specific dysregulation of Phase I/II enzyme-coding genes and species-specific transcriptional ontogeny of vitellogenin-2. Twelve Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and two EcoToxModules were dysregulated in common in both species including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism. Similar to previously reported differences at the organismal level, DCCO were more responsive to EE2 exposure than JQ at the gene expression level. Our description of differences in transcriptional responses to EE2 in early life stage birds may contribute to a better understanding of the molecular basis for species differences. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:772–783. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Physical energies for the management of genitourinary syndrome of menopause: An overview of a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Sarmento Ayane Cristine Alves , de Araújo Santos Camargo Juliana Dantas , de Freitas Cijara Leonice , Medeiros Kleyton Santos , Costa Ana Paula Ferreira , Gonçalves Ana Katherine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundEnergy‐based devices (laser and radiofrequency) have been used to treat genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM).ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of physical energy use in managing GSM symptoms.Search StrategyFive databases were searched from inception to December 2022. Language restrictions were not imposed.Selection CriteriaWe included all Cochrane and non‐Cochrane systematic reviews with or without meta‐analyses that described postmenopausal women with symptoms of GSM treated with physical energy.Data Collection and AnalysisWe performed a network meta‐analysis using frequentist methods to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Methodological and reporting quality were assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2).Main ResultsNine reviews were included in the overview, six of which were meta‐analyses. Four randomized controlled trials, representing 218 participants and nine different study arms, met the criteria for inclusion in our component network meta‐analysis. Confidence in review findings was low in six reviews and critically low in three. Our network meta‐analysis results showed that premarin (SMD 2.60, 95% CI 7.76–3.43), conjugated estrogens (SMD 2.13, 95% CI 1.34–2.91), carbon dioxide laser (SMD 1.71, 95% CI 1.10–2.31), promestriene (SMD 1.41, 95% CI 0.59–2.24), and vaginal lubricant (SMD 1.37, 95% CI 0.54–2.20) were more effective than sham for reducing sexual dysfunction, with a consequent increase in Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Two studies showed a high risk of bias, owing to a lack of blinding.ConclusionSeveral gaps in the use of physical energy for managing GSM still need to be addressed. The small number of blind clinical trials made the results fragile.
Few‐shot segmentation for esophageal OCT images based on self‐supervised vision transformer
Authors: Wang Cong , Gan Meng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAutomatic segmentation of layered tissue is the key to optical coherence tomography (OCT) image analysis for esophagus. While deep learning technology offers promising solutions to this problem, the requirement for large numbers of annotated samples often poses a significant obstacle, as it is both expensive and challenging to obtain. With this in mind, we introduced a self‐supervised segmentation framework for esophageal OCT images. In particular, the proposed method employs a masked autoencoder (MAE) for self‐supervised training and constructs the segmentation network by integrating a pretrained vision transformer (ViT) encoder with an attentive transformer decoder. In this case, the segmentation network has the potential to accomplish the few‐shot, or the more aggressive one‐shot segmentation, and achieve high‐quality segmentation performance. Experimental results on both a self‐collected mouse esophageal dataset and a public human esophageal OCT dataset confirm the advantages and practical significance of the proposed method.
Isomerism of CH2SO: Accurate structural, energetic, and spectroscopic characterization
Authors: Puzzarini Cristina , Ye Hexu , Alessandrini Silvia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA recent work [Ye et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2023, 525, 1158] on the gas‐phase formation of t‐HC(O)SH, already detected in the interstellar medium, pointed out that the trans form of HC(S)OH is a potential candidate for astronomical observations. Prompted by these results, the family of isomers has been investigated from an energetic point of view using a double‐hybrid density functional in combination with a partially augmented triple‐zeta basis set. This preliminary study showed that the most stable species of the family are the cis and trans forms of HC(O)SH and HC(S)OH. For their structural and spectroscopic characterization, a composite scheme based on coupled cluster (CC) calculations that incorporates up to the quadruple excitations and accounts for the extrapolation to the complete basis set limit and core correlation effects has been employed. This approach opens to the prediction of rotational constants with an accuracy of 0.1%. A hybrid scheme, based on harmonic frequencies computed using the CC singles, doubles and a perturbative treatment of triples method (CCSD(T)) in conjunction with a quadruple‐zeta basis set, allowed us to obtain fundamental vibrational frequencies with a mean absolute error of about 1%.
Validity of the diagnostic criteria from the Asian Working Group for Cachexia in advanced cancer
Authors: Sakaguchi Tatsuma , Maeda Keisuke , Takeuchi Tomoko , Mizuno Ai , Kato Ryoko , Ishida Yuria , Ueshima Junko , Shimizu Akio , Amano Koji , Mori Naoharu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the Asian Working Group for Cachexia (AWGC) published a consensus statement on diagnostic criteria for cachexia in Asians. We aimed to validate the criteria in adult patients in Japan with advanced cancer.MethodsWe conducted a single‐institution retrospective cohort study between April 2021 and October 2022. The AWGC criteria include chronic comorbidities and either a weight loss of >2% over 3–6 months or a body mass index (BMI) of <21 kg/m2. In addition, any of the following items were required: anorexia as a subjective symptom, decreased grip strength as an objective measurement and an elevated C‐reactive protein (CRP) level as a biomarker. We used the cut‐off value of grip strength of 28/18 kg for male/female individuals and CRP level of 5 mg/L.ResultsOf the 449 consecutive patients, 85 of those who could not be evaluated because of end‐of‐life or refractory symptoms (n = 41) or missing data (n = 44) were excluded from the primary analysis. The prevalence of the AWGC‐defined cachexia was 76% (n = 277), and the median survival time (MST) for all patients was 215 (95% confidence interval [CI] 145–270) days. The prevalence of the following criteria was significantly higher in patients with cachexia than in those without cachexia: a BMI of <21 kg/m2 (65% vs. 15%, P < 0.001), a weight loss of >2% in 6 months (87% vs. 14%, P < 0.001), anorexia (75% vs. 47%, P < 0.001), a grip strength of <28 kg in male individuals (63% vs. 28%, P < 0.001) and CRP level of >5 mg/L (85% vs. 56%, P < 0.001). Overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with cachexia than in those without cachexia (MST 157 days, 95% CI 108–226 days vs. MST 423 days, 95% CI 245 days to not available, P = 0.0023). The Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that best supportive care (hazard ratio [HR] 2.91, P ≤ 0.001), lung cancer (HR 1.67, P = 0.0046), an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status score of ≥3 (HR 1.58, P = 0.016), AWGC‐defined cachexia (HR 1.56, P = 0.015), an age of ≥70 years (HR 1.53, P = 0.0070), oedema (HR 1.31, P = 0.022) and head/neck cancer (HR 0.44, P = 0.023) were found to be the significant predictors for mortality.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that AWGC‐defined cachexia has a significant prognostic value in advanced cancer.
Amine and nitramine functionalization of imidazole‐triazine and triazole‐triazine skeletons: Exploring for potential multipurpose energetic materials
Authors: Yadav Abhishek Kumar , Jujam Manojkumar , Ghule Vikas D. , Dharavath Srinivas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA series of five and six‐membered C‐C bonded energetic materials (2–7) based on a combination of imidazole‐triazine and triazole‐triazine backbones were designed, synthesized, and characterized using NMR, IR, Mass spectrometry, and TGA‐DSC studies. Further, the structure of compound 4 was supported by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. All the newly synthesized energetic compounds exhibit good density, excellent thermal stability, good detonation performance, and low mechanical sensitivity toward impact and friction. Among all, the nitrate salt 4 exhibits balanced properties, including high density (1.80 g cm−3), excellent thermal stability (254°C), good detonation velocity (8178 m s−1), and low sensitivity towards impact and friction. The facile synthetic feasibility, thermal stability, energetic performance, and insensitivity of all the molecules suggest they can be used as an insensitive secondary explosive in various defense and civilian applications.