bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time visual SLAM based YOLO-Fastest for dynamic scenes
Authors: Gong Can , Sun Ying , Zou Chunlong , Tao Bo , Huang Li , Fang Zifan , Tang Dalai 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Within the realm of autonomous robotic navigation, simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) serves as a critical perception technology, drawing heightened attention in contemporary research. The traditional SLAM systems perform well in static environments, but in the real physical world, dynamic objects can destroy the static geometric constraints of the SLAM system, further limiting its practical application in the real world. In this paper, a robust dynamic RGB-D SLAM system is proposed to expand the number of static points in the scene by combining with YOLO-Fastest to ensure the effectiveness of the geometric constraints model construction, and then based on that, a new thresholding model is designed to differentiate the dynamic features in the objection bounding box, which takes advantage of the double polyline constraints and the residuals after reprojection to filter the dynamic feature points. In addition, two Gaussian models are constructed to segment the moving objects in the bounding box in the depth image to achieve the effect similar to the instance segmentation under the premise of ensuring the computational speed. In this paper, experiments are conducted on dynamic sequences provided by the TUM dataset to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, and the results show that the root mean squared error metric of the absolute trajectory error of the algorithm of this paper has at least 80% improvement compared to ORB-SLAM2. Higher robustness in dynamic environments with both high and low dynamic sequences compared to DS-SLAM and Dynaslam, and can effectively provide intelligent localization and navigation for mobile robots.
Symmetry-selective quasiparticle scattering and electric field tunability of the ZrSiS surface electronic structure
Authors: Lodge Michael S , Marcellina Elizabeth , Zhu Ziming , Li Xiao-Ping , Kaczorowski Dariusz , Fuhrer Michael S , Yang Shengyuan A , Weber Bent 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Three-dimensional Dirac semimetals with square-net non-symmorphic symmetry, such as ternary ZrXY (X = Si, Ge; Y = S, Se, Te) compounds, have attracted significant attention owing to the presence of topological nodal lines, loops, or networks in their bulk. Orbital symmetry plays a profound role in such materials as the different branches of the nodal dispersion can be distinguished by their distinct orbital symmetry eigenvalues. The presence of different eigenvalues suggests that scattering between states of different orbital symmetry may be strongly suppressed. Indeed, in ZrSiS, there has been no clear experimental evidence of quasiparticle scattering reported between states of different symmetry eigenvalues at small wave vector

q

⃗

.

Here we show, using quasiparticle interference, that atomic step-edges in the ZrSiS surface facilitate quasiparticle scattering between states of different symmetry eigenvalues. This symmetry eigenvalue mixing quasiparticle scattering is the first to be reported for ZrSiS and contrasts quasiparticle scattering with no mixing of symmetry eigenvalues, where the latter occurs with scatterers preserving the glide mirror symmetry of the crystal lattice, e.g. native point defects in ZrSiS. Finally, we show that the electronic structure of the ZrSiS surface, including its unique floating band surface state, can be tuned by a vertical electric field locally applied by the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM), enabling control of a spin–orbit induced avoided crossing near the Fermi level by as much as 300%.
Tunable defect engineering of Mo/TiON electrode in angstrom-laminated HfO2/ZrO2 ferroelectric capacitors towards long endurance and high temperature retention
Authors: Wang Sheng-Min , Liu Cheng-Rui , Chen Yu-Ting , Lee Shao-Chen , Tang Ying-Tsan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A novel defect control approach based on laminated HfO2/ZrO2 with multifunctional TiN/Mo/TiO
x
N
y
electrode is proposed to significantly improve the endurance and data retention in HZO-based ferroelectric capacitor. The O-rich interface reduces leakage current and prolong the endurance up to 1011 cycles while retaining a 2Pr value of 34 (μC cm–2) at 3.4 MV cm−1. Using first-principles calculations and experiments, we demonstrate that the enhancement of endurance is ascribed to the higher migration barrier of oxygen vacancies within the laminated HZO film and higher work function of MoO
x
/TiO
x
N
y
between top electrode and the insulating oxide. This 2.5 nm thick TiO
x
N
y
barrier further increase the grain size of HZO, lowering the activation field and thus improving polarization reversal speed. This interfacial layer further decreases the overall capacitance, increases the depolarization field, thereby enhancing the data retention. By fitting the data using the Arrhenius equation, we demonstrate a 10 years data retention is achieved at 109.6 °C, surpassing traditional SS-HZO of 78.2 °C with a 450 °C rapid thermal annealing (required by backend-of-the-line). This work elucidates that interfacial engineering serves as a crucial technology capable of resolving the endurance, storage capability, and high-temperature data retention issues for ferroelectric memory.
Effectively coupling of SnSe2 nanosheet with N, Se co-doped carbon nanofibers as self-standing anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Guo Xiangdong , Guo Kaixuan , Chen Song , Liang Junfei , Zhu Jian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Tin selenides possess layered structure and high theoretical capacity, which is considered as desirable anode material for lithium-ion batteries. However, its further development is limited by the low intrinsic electrical conductivity and sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, a well-designed structure of SnSe2 nanosheet attached on N, Se co-doped carbon nanofibers (SnSe2@CNFs) is fabricated as self-standing anodes for lithium-ion batteries. The integration of structural engineering and heteroatom doping enables accelerated electrons transfer and rapid ion diffusion for boosting Li+ storage performance. Impressively, the flexible SnSe2@CNFs anodes exhibit inspiring capacity of 837.7 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles at 1.2 C with coulombic efficiency almost 100% and superior rate performance 419.5 mAh g−1 at 2.4 C. The kinetics analysis demonstrates the pseudocapacitive characteristic of SnSe2@CNFs promotes the storage property. This work sheds light on the hierarchical electrode construction towards high-performance energy storage applications.
A cathodoluminescence study of InP/InGaP axially heterostructured NWs for tandem solar cells
Authors: Mediavilla I , Anaya J , Galiana B , Hrachowina L , Borgström M T , Jimenez J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Axially heterostructured nanowires (NWs) constitute a promising platform for advanced electronic and optoelectronic nanodevices. The presence of different materials in these NWs introduces a mismatch resulting in complex strain distributions susceptible of changing the band gap and carrier mobility. The growth of these NWs presents challenges related to the reservoir effect in the catalysts droplet that affect to the junction abruptness, and the occurrence of undesired lateral growth creating core–shell heterostructures that introduce additional strain. We present herein a cathodoluminescence (CL) analysis on axially heterostructured InP/InGaP NWs with tandem solar cell structure. The CL is complemented with micro Raman, micro photoluminescence (PL), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements. The results reveal the zinc blende structure of the NWs, the presence of a thin InGaP shell around the InP bottom cell, along with its associated strain, and the doping distribution.
High-performance MoS2 phototransistors with Hf1–x
Al
x
O back-gate dielectric layer grown by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition
Authors: Yu Qiu-Jun , Li Xiao-Xi , Li Yu-Chun , Ding Si-Tong , Huang Teng , Gu Ze-Yu , Ou Lang-Xi , Lu Hong-Liang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) as an emerging optoelectronic material, shows great potential for phototransistors owing to its atomic thickness, adjustable band gap, and low cost. However, the phototransistors based on MoS2 have been shown to have some issues such as large gate leakage current, and interfacial scattering, resulting in suboptimal optoelectronic performance. Thus, Al-doped hafnium oxide (Hf1–x
Al
x
) is proposed to be a dielectric layer of the MoS2-based phototransistor to solve this problem because of the relatively higher crystallization temperature and dielectric constant. Here, a high-performance MoS2 phototransistor with Hf1–x
Al
x
O gate dielectric layer grown by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition has been fabricated and studied. The results show that the phototransistor exhibits a high responsivity of 2.2 × 104 A W−1, a large detectivity of 1.7 × 1017 Jones, a great photo-to-dark current ratio of 2.2 × 106%, and a high external quantum efficiency of 4.4 × 106%. The energy band alignment and operating mechanism were further used to clarify the reason for the enhanced MoS2 phototransistor. The suggested MoS2 phototransistors could provide promising strategies in further optoelectronic applications.
Treatment planning for photodynamic therapy of abscess cavities using patient-specific optical properties measured prior to illumination
Authors: Li Zihao , Hannan Md Nafiz , Sharma Ashwani K , Baran Timothy M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective antimicrobial therapy that we used to treat human abscess cavities in a Phase 1 clinical trial. This trial included pre-PDT measurements of abscess optical properties, which affect light dose (light fluence) at the abscess wall and PDT response. This study simulated PDT treatment planning for 13 subjects that received optical spectroscopy prior to clinical PDT, to determine the impact of measured optical properties on ability to achieve fluence rate targets in 95% of the abscess wall. Retrospective treatment plans were evaluated for 3 conditions: (1) clinically delivered laser power and assumed, homogeneous optical properties, (2) clinically delivered laser power and measured, homogeneous optical properties, and (3) with patient-specific treatment planning using measured, homogeneous optical properties. Treatment plans modified delivered laser power, intra-cavity Intralipid (scatterer) concentration, and laser fiber type. Using flat-cleaved laser fibers, the proportion of subjects achieving 95% abscess wall coverage decreased significantly relative to assumed optical properties when using measured values for 4 mW cm−2 (92% versus 38%, p = 0.01) and 20 mW cm−2 (62% versus 15%, p = 0.04) thresholds. When measured optical properties were incorporated into treatment planning, the 4 mW cm−2 target was achieved for all cases. After treatment planning, optimal Intralipid concentration across subjects was 0.14 ± 0.09%, whereas 1% was used clinically. Required laser power to achieve the 4 mW cm−2 target was significantly correlated with measured abscess wall absorption (ρ = 0.7, p = 0.008), but not abscess surface area (ρ = 0.2, p = 0.53). When using spherical diffuser fibers for illumination, both optimal Intralipid concentration (p = 0.0005) and required laser power (p = 0.0002) decreased compared to flat cleaved fibers. At 0% Intralipid concentration, the 4 mW cm−2 target could only be achieved for 69% of subjects for flat-cleaved fibers, compared to 100% for spherical diffusers. Based on large inter-subject variations in optical properties, individualized treatment planning is essential for abscess photodynamic therapy. (Clinical Trial Registration: The parent clinical trial from which these data were acquired is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as ‘Safety and Feasibility Study of Methylene Blue Photodynamic Therapy to Sterilize Deep Tissue Abscess Cavities,’ with ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02240498).
An adaptive h-refinement method for the boundary element fast multipole method for quasi-static electromagnetic modeling
Authors: Wartman William A , Weise Konstantin , Rachh Manas , Morales Leah , Deng Zhi-De , Nummenmaa Aapo , Makaroff Sergey N 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. In our recent work pertinent to modeling of brain stimulation and neurophysiological recordings, substantial modeling errors in the computed electric field and potential have sometimes been observed for standard multi-compartment head models. The goal of this study is to quantify those errors and, further, eliminate them through an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) algorithm. The study concentrates on transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), and electroencephalography (EEG) forward problems. Approach. We propose, describe, and systematically investigate an AMR method using the boundary element method with fast multipole acceleration (BEM-FMM) as the base numerical solver. The goal is to efficiently allocate additional unknowns to critical areas of the model, where they will best improve solution accuracy. The implemented AMR method’s accuracy improvement is measured on head models constructed from 16 Human Connectome Project subjects under problem classes of TES, TMS, and EEG. Errors are computed between three solutions: an initial non-adaptive solution, a solution found after applying AMR with a conservative refinement rate, and a ‘silver-standard’ solution found by subsequent 4:1 global refinement of the adaptively-refined model. Main results. Excellent agreement is shown between the adaptively-refined and silver-standard solutions for standard head models. AMR is found to be vital for accurate modeling of TES and EEG forward problems for standard models: an increase of less than 25% (on average) in number of mesh elements for these problems, efficiently allocated by AMR, exposes electric field/potential errors exceeding 60% (on average) in the solution for the unrefined models. Significance. This error has especially important implications for TES dosing prediction—where the stimulation strength plays a central role—and for EEG lead fields. Though the specific form of the AMR method described here is implemented for the BEM-FMM, we expect that AMR is applicable and even required for accurate electromagnetic simulations by other numerical modeling packages as well.
SST: a snore shifted-window transformer method for potential obstructive sleep apnea patient diagnosis
Authors: Luo Jing , Zhao Yinuo , Liu Haiqin , Zhang Yitong , Shi Zhenghao , Li Rui , Hei Xinhong , Ren Xiaorong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a high-incidence disease that is seriously harmful and potentially dangerous. The objective of this study was to develop a noncontact sleep audio signal-based method for diagnosing potential OSA patients, aiming to provide a more convenient diagnostic approach compared to the traditional polysomnography (PSG) testing. Approach. The study employed a shifted window transformer model to detect snoring audio signals from whole-night sleep audio. First, a snoring detection model was trained on large-scale audio datasets. Subsequently, the deep feature statistical metrics of the detected snore audio were used to train a random forest classifier for OSA patient diagnosis. Main results. Using a self-collected dataset of 305 potential OSA patients, the proposed snore shifted-window transformer method (SST) achieved an accuracy of 85.9%, a sensitivity of 85.3%, and a precision of 85.6% in OSA patient classification. These values surpassed the state-of-the-art method by 9.7%, 10.7%, and 7.9%, respectively. Significance. The experimental results demonstrated that SST significantly improved the noncontact audio-based OSA diagnosis performance. The study’s findings suggest a promising self-diagnosis method for potential OSA patients, potentially reducing the need for invasive and inconvenient diagnostic procedures.
Molecular nanomagnets: a viable path toward quantum information processing?
Authors: Chiesa A , Santini P , Garlatti E , Luis F , Carretta S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Molecular nanomagnets (MNMs), molecules containing interacting spins, have been a playground for quantum mechanics. They are characterized by many accessible low-energy levels that can be exploited to store and process quantum information. This naturally opens the possibility of using them as qudits, thus enlarging the tools of quantum logic with respect to qubit-based architectures. These additional degrees of freedom recently prompted the proposal for encoding qubits with embedded quantum error correction (QEC) in single molecules. QEC is the holy grail of quantum computing and this qudit approach could circumvent the large overhead of physical qubits typical of standard multi-qubit codes. Another important strength of the molecular approach is the extremely high degree of control achieved in preparing complex supramolecular structures where individual qudits are linked preserving their individual properties and coherence. This is particularly relevant for building quantum simulators, controllable systems able to mimic the dynamics of other quantum objects. The use of MNMs for quantum information processing is a rapidly evolving field which still requires to be fully experimentally explored. The key issues to be settled are related to scaling up the number of qudits/qubits and their individual addressing. Several promising possibilities are being intensively explored, ranging from the use of single-molecule transistors or superconducting devices to optical readout techniques. Moreover, new tools from chemistry could be also at hand, like the chiral-induced spin selectivity. In this paper, we will review the present status of this interdisciplinary research field, discuss the open challenges and envisioned solution paths which could finally unleash the very large potential of molecular spins for quantum technologies.
Interaction graph engineering in trapped-ion quantum simulators with global drives
Authors: Kyprianidis Antonis , Rasmusson A J , Richerme Philip 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Trapped-ion quantum simulators have demonstrated a long history of studying the physics of interacting spin-lattice systems using globally addressed entangling operations. Yet despite the multitude of studies so far, most have been limited to studying variants of the same spin interaction model, namely an Ising model with power-law decay in the couplings. Here, we demonstrate that much broader classes of effective spin–spin interactions are achievable using exclusively global driving fields. Specifically, we find that these new categories of interaction graphs become achievable with perfect or near-perfect theoretical fidelity by tailoring the coupling of the driving fields to each vibrational mode of the ion crystal. Given the relation between the ion crystal vibrational modes and the accessible interaction graphs, we show how the accessible interaction graph set can be further expanded by shaping the trapping potential to include specific anharmonic terms. Finally, we derive a rigorous test to determine whether a desired interaction graph is accessible using only globally driven fields. These tools broaden the reach of trapped-ion quantum simulators so that they may more easily address open questions in materials science and quantum chemistry.
Quantifying the unextendibility of entanglement*
Authors: Wang Kun , Wang Xin , Wilde Mark M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Entanglement is a striking feature of quantum mechanics, and it has a key property called unextendibility. In this paper, we present a framework for quantifying and investigating the unextendibility of general bipartite quantum states. First, we define the unextendible entanglement, a family of entanglement measures based on the concept of a state-dependent set of free states. The intuition behind these measures is that the more entangled a bipartite state is, the less entangled each of its individual systems is with a third party. Second, we demonstrate that the unextendible entanglement is an entanglement monotone under two-extendible quantum operations, including local operations and one-way classical communication as a special case. Normalization and faithfulness are two other desirable properties of unextendible entanglement, which we establish here. We further show that the unextendible entanglement provides efficiently computable benchmarks for the rate of exact entanglement or secret key distillation, as well as the overhead of probabilistic entanglement or secret key distillation.
PT-symmetry rules applied to a class of real potentials
Authors: Garidi S , Lombard R J , Mezhoud R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Extending the functional space to complex eigenfunctions R J Lombard et al (2022, Rom. J. Phys.
67, 104), we have shown that infinitely negative potentials at large distances admit finite energy states. The used techniques are similar to the ones applied in the case of PT symmetric complex potentials with real eigenvalues. We present the lowest part of the spectra for −∣x∣
n
potentials with 4 ≤ n ≤ 8. We also discuss the norm and orthogonality of the wave functions.
Numerical and experimental study on pole teeth interlaced divergent ferrofluid seals with single magnetic source
Authors: Li Denghui , Huang Yinyan , Lei Yang , Yang Xiaolong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
For the improvement of pressure resistance in ferrofluid seal with a small gap, a structure of divergent ferrofluid seal (FS) with alternating pole teeth (PT) was proposed in this paper. Distribution of the magnetic field in the seal gap (SG) is analyzed by using the magnetic field finite element method, and the theoretical pressure resistance (PR) is calculated by using the step ferrofluid seal PR theory. Effect of the number of pole teeth and seal gap on its sealing PR were studied experimentally. The PR of the interlaced divergent FS is compared to the experimental findings of a conventional ferrofluid seal structure. The results show that the actual pressure value of the interlaced divergent FS is consistent with its theoretical pressure value well. Compared to the common ferrofluid seal, the interlaced divergent FS has better PR.
Experimental investigation of near-field magnetic energy harvesting from induction cooktop
Authors: Kumar Ajit , Yadav Subash Chandra , V. Sivavenkateswara Rao , Duttagupta SP 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a simple and cost-effective magnetic-field-energy harvesting circuit for capturing the leaked magnetic energy from an induction cooktop. In this, the captured energy is converted into dc electrical energy with the help of 1N5819 Schottky diodes based full wave bridge rectifier. We investigated the captured magnetic-field energy at different positions and different heights of the energy-harvesting coil from the induction cooktop. The designed Magnetic-Field-Energy Harvesting (MFEH) circuit is capable of capturing an average dc power of 1484 mW while it is placed 5 cm below the induction cooktop with a load resister 33 Ω and capacitance of 470 μF. The power level is reduced to 203 mW when the energy harvesting coil is moved to 10 cm below the induction cooktop. The harvested magnetic field energy at different positions of the energy harvesting coils is investigated for different values of load resisters. The harvested energy can be stored in a battery for future applications. The proposed device demonstrated practically for charging mobile and powering the low-power IoT device. The numerical study of the proposed harvesting mechanism is explained also. The induction cooktop’s yielded excellent results and magnetic field energy harvesting capability make the proposed device unique from the previously reported magnetic harvesting circuits.