bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Cell Structure in Water Blown Rigid Polyurethane Foam
Authors: Mondal Pravakar , Khakhar D.V. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractRigid polyurethane foams are generally “closed celled” with a gas entrapped in each cell. The properties of such foams are significantly affected by the cell size distribution and morphology of the cells. For example, in thermal insulation foams, small cells lead to lower thermal conductivity and in foams for buoyancy applications, stronger cell windows are resistant to ingress of water until higher hydraulic pressures. The effect of formulation parameters on the size and structure of rigid polyurethane foams was investigated. Foams were made with different surfactants, with variation of surfactant concentration at different blowing agent concentration, with variation of nucleating agent concentration and with variation of catalyst concentration. Micron sized silica particles were used as nucleating agent. The densities of the foams were in the range of 140 to 165 kg/m3. The cell window areas of different foams have been measured. The bubble size in the polyol depends on the surface tension lowering ability of a surfactant, and the entrainment of a large number of small bubbles during mixing leads to a foam with a small cell size and a narrow cell size distribution. Increasing the concentration of the surfactant reduces the cell size and narrows the distribution. Increasing the proportion of organometallic catalyst in the amount of total catalyst used, results in smaller cell sizes, which are narrowly distributed. Hydraulic resistance of the foams was monitored by measuring buoyancy losses at different hydraulic pressures. Hydraulic resistance of the foams can be improved by decreasing the area and increasing the thickness of the cell windows.
Coregulators and chromatin remodeling in transcriptional control
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Wang Rui‐An , Barnes Christopher J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDespite many years of investigation by numerous investigators, transcriptional regulatory control remains an intensely investigated and continuously evolving field of research. Transcriptional regulation is dependent not only on transcription factor activation and chromatin remodeling, but also on a host of transcription factor coregulators‐coactivators and corepressors. In addition to transcription factor activation and chromatin changes, there is an expanding array of additional modifications that titrate transcriptional regulation for the specific conditions of a particular cell type, organ system, and developmental stage, and such events are likely to be greatly influenced by upstream signaling cascades. Here, we will briefly review the highlights and perspectives of chromatin remodeling and transcription controls as affected by cofactor availability, cellular energy state, relative ratios of reducing equivalents, and upstream signaling. We also present the C‐terminal binding protein (CtBP) as a novel nuclear receptor (NR) coregulator, which exemplifies the integration of a number of transcriptional regulatory controls. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis and therapy of food allergy
Authors: Crespo Jesús F. , James John M. , Rodriguez Julia 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAccording to the recently revised nomenclature for allergy [1] the term “Food Hypersensitivity” is proposed to define a reaction on food exposure causing objectively reproducible symptoms or signs at a dose tolerated by normal subjects. Those reactions to food in which immunologic mechanisms are demonstrated comprise the term “Food Allergy”. Immunologic reactions to food in which an immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated mechanism is established are defined as IgE‐mediated food allergy. This review focuses on IgE‐mediated allergic reactions to foods.
Isolation and characterization of natural Ara h 6: Evidence for a further peanut allergen with putative clinical relevance based on resistance to pepsin digestion and heat
Authors: Suhr Martin , Wicklein Daniel , Lepp Ute , Becker Wolf‐Meinhard 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPeanut allergy is a significant health problem because of its prevalence and the potential severity of the allergic reaction. The characterization of peanut allergens is crucial to the understanding of the mechanism of peanut allergy. Recently, we described cloning of the peanut allergen Ara h 6. The aim of this study was isolation and further characterization of nAra h 6. We purified nAra h 6 from crude peanut extract using gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. The preparation was further characterized by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2‐D PAGE) with subsequent immunoblotting. Stability of nAra h 6 was studied by an in vitro digestibility assay as well as by resistance against thermal processing. Sequencing of nAra h 6 identified the N‐terminal amino acid sequence as MRRERGRQGDSSS. Further results clearly demonstrated stability of nAra h 6 against pepsin digestion and heating. Immunoglobulin G (IgE) binding analysis and its biological activity shown by RBL 25/30‐test of natural Ara h 6 supported the importance of this peanut allergen. Investigation of nAra h 6 revealed evidence for a further peanut allergen with putative clinical relevance based on resistance to pepsin digestion and heat.
Wideband microstrip patch antenna with tilted L‐probe feeding
Authors: Qi Dongsheng , Li Binhong , Liu Haitao 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA wideband microstrip patch antenna with tilted L‐probe is proposed and studied. Given a tilted L‐shaped probe and substrate height of about 16.8% of the wavelength, a bandwidth of 37.1% is obtained in the design, and the in‐band S11 parameter is improved. The radiation pattern is stable across the band and an average gain of 7.93 dBi is achieved. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 380–382, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20476
Humidity sensing using plastic optical fibers
Authors: Tay C. M. , Tan K. M. , Tjin S. C. , Chan C. C. , Rahardjo H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe use of plastic optical fibers (POFs), curved at the sensing point and coated with cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and gelatin as the overlay material, for relative humidity sensing is demonstrated in this paper. The fiber‐core diameter and bending radius of the sensing point affects the sensitivity of the sensor to a great extent. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 387–390, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20479
40 Gb/s short‐reach transmission in normal dispersion regime using an erbium‐doped waveguide amplifier
Authors: Rocha Mônica L. , Furtado Mario T. , Horiuchi Mariza R. , Oliveira Júlio C. R. F. , Rosolem João B. , Simões Fábio Donati , Barros Miriam R. X. , Rossi Sandro M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe report the short‐reach transmission of a single channel, which is positively prechirped and externally modulated in NRZ format at 40 Gb/s by an electro‐optical Mach–Zehnder modulator. The signal, amplified by a low‐cost waveguide amplifier, propagates in the normal dispersion regime with near error‐free performance. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 419–423, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20488
A new single balanced diode mixer with DGS cell lowpass filter
Authors: Kim Ki‐Byoung , Yun Tae‐Soon , Lee Jong‐Chul 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a single balanced diode mixer using harmonic‐suppressed defected ground structure (DGS) low‐pass filter (LPF) with dumbbell shape is presented. The frequency bandwidth selected is C‐band, with 5.72–5.82 GHz for RF, 5.58–5.68 GHz for LO, and 140 MHz for IF signals. A rat‐race hybrid is designed for the accomplishment of the single balanced type of mixer. A low‐pass filter using DGS is used for good conversion loss and unwanted 2nd and 3rd harmonic suppression. The mixer is compared to a reference mixer with conventional low‐pass filter. When an LO signal with power of 4 dBm at 5.635 GHz is injected, a conversion loss of 6.2 dB is observed for the mixer. Also, LO‐to‐RF and LO‐to‐IF isolations of 30 dB and 40 dB are obtained, respectively. This mixer can be used in the area for wireless LAN application. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 423–425, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20489
A partial H‐plane waveguide as a new type of compact waveguide
Authors: Kim Dong‐Won , Lee Jeong‐Hae 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA new type of compact waveguide, called a partial H‐plane waveguide, is proposed. Analytic expressions of its proper fields and modes are derived and defined. The cutoff frequencies for each mode are calculated by both analytical and numerical methods. The results show that the dispersion characteristics of the first two dominant modes are the same as those of the conventional rectangular waveguide, while the proposed waveguide's cross section is one‐quarter that of the conventional one. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 426–428, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20490
A microstrip‐to‐slotline transition used to feed a V‐shape dipole
Authors: El Haj Sleimen M. , Himdi M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a new feeding network for a V‐shape dipole is presented. It is characterised by its simplicity and robustness. An equivalent circuit of the whole structure operating at 2.5 GHz is proposed and experimentally validated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 428–430, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20491
Compact dual‐frequency semi‐circular microstrip antenna
Authors: Chen Wenjun , Li Binhong , Tao Xie 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA single‐layer and single‐probe‐feed dual‐frequency semicircular microstrip antenna with a shorting plane is presented. Compared with a circular microstrip antenna operating at fixed frequencies, a large area reduction can be obtained. By varying the shorting‐plane width, the two resonant frequencies are significantly perturbed. Experimental and simulation impedance behaviors of a typical proposed antenna are given. Good agreement is achieved between them. Their measured radiation patterns are also presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 430–432, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20492
Determination of the three‐dimensional, solution‐phase structure of the macrolide antibiotic oxolide in CD2Cl2 and D2O from NMR constraints
Authors: Steinmetz Wayne E. , Sparrow Andrew , Somsouk Ma 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe three‐dimensional structure of the antibiotic oxolide, (9S,11S)‐11‐amino‐9‐deoxo‐11,12‐deoxy‐9,12‐epoxyerythromycin, was determined in CD2Cl2 through constrained molecular mechanics with constraints derived from proton NMR. The calculations yielded a well‐defined global minimum. Data acquired for oxolide in D2O, although not as complete, indicate that the antibiotic adopts the same conformation in water. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structured preconditioners for operator equations
Authors: Tyrtyshnikov Eugene 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe propose and report on the use of block circulant preconditioners for solution of non‐Hermitian linear systems in one important typical application from computational electromagnetics (evaluation of fields from localized sources in a heterogeneous isotropic formation uniform in one particular direction). The essentials of the efficiency and discussion are the fast approximation method (based on Fourier polynomials) and fast algebraic solver (GMRES with block circulant preconditioners). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deformation mechanisms and mechanical properties of modified polypropylene/wood fiber composites
Authors: Hristov V. N. , Vasileva ST. , Krumova M. , Lach R. , Michler G. H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of polypropylene (PP)/wood fiber (WFb) composites modified with maleated polypropylene as compatibilizer and styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) as impact modifier have been studied. The addition of maleated polypropylene to the unmodified polypropylene/wood fiber composite enhances the tensile modulus and yield stress as well as the Charpy impact strength. SBR does not cause a drop in the tensile modulus and yield strength because of the interplay between decreasing stiffness and strength by rubber modification and increasing stiffness and strength by good interfacial adhesion between the matrix and fibers. The addition of both maleated polypropylene and rubber to the polypropylene/wood fiber composite does not result in an improvement of effects based on maleated polypropylene and rubber, which includes possible synergism. The deformation mechanisms in unmodified polypropylene/wood fiber composite are matrix brittle fracture, fiber debonding and pullout. A polymeric layer around the fibers created from maleated polypropylene may undergo debonding, initiating local plasticity. Rubber particle cavitation, fiber pullout and debonding were the basic failure mechanisms of rubber‐toughened polypropylene/wood fiber composite. When maleated polypropylene was added to this composite, fiber breakage and matrix plastic deformation took place. Polym. Compos. 25:521–526, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
The effect of curing additive on the mechanical properties of phthalonitrile‐carbon fiber composites
Authors: Dominguez Dawn D. , Jones Harry N. , Keller Teddy M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractUnidirectional carbon fiber‐reinforced phthalonitrile composite panels were fabricated by prepreg consolidation with bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone (p‐BAPS) as the phthalonitrile curing additive. Rheometric measurements and elevated‐temperature, short beam shear tests were used to evaluate the cure of the composite as a function of the cure and postcure conditions. These techniques revealed that a fully cured phthalonitrile composite was obtained when the composite was heated at 375°C for 8 hours. Room‐temperature mechanical properties of the cured composite were then evaluated using short beam shear, tension, and flexural tests. The results are compared with those obtained by curing the phthalonitrile with 1,3‐bis(3‐aminophenoxy)benzene (m‐APB). The data indicate that substitution of p‐BAPS for m‐APB has little effect on the mechanical properties of the cured composite. Elevated‐temperature, short beam shear studies up to 371°C show that the cured phthalonitrile composite retains approximately 70% of its room‐temperature apparent interlaminar shear strength. The composite also retains 70% of its room‐temperature storage modulus up to 450°C. Polym. Compos. 25:554–561, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Antihypertensive treatment is associated with improved left ventricular geometry: the Rotterdam Study
Authors: Bleumink Gysèle S. , Deinum Jaap , Mosterd Arend , Witteman Jaqueline C. M. , Hofman Albert , Stricker Bruno H. Ch. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPurposeLeft ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the association between antihypertensive therapy and echocardiographically determined LVH.Methods and resultsThe Rotterdam Study is a population‐based prospective cohort study among 7983 participants aged 55 years or over. Echocardiography was performed in 2823 participants. The study population consisted of 740 participants with grade 1 hypertension or antihypertensive monotherapy, without heart failure. Of these, 646 had an adequate echocardiogram for analysis of relative wall thickness (RWT) and 642 for left ventricular mass index. Participants were followed from 1 January 1991 until the date of echocardiography, between September 1992 and June 1993. Outcome measures were defined as being in the highest gender‐specific quintile of left ventricular mass index and as having a RWT higher than 0.43. A Cox regression model with duration of use of antihypertensives defined as time‐dependent covariates was used for data‐analysis. Antihypertensive treatment lowered the risk of increased left ventricular mass index (RR 0.6, 95%CI 0.4–0.9). ACE‐inhibitors, diuretics and β‐blockers all showed a risk reduction. Use of antihypertensives was also associated, although non‐significantly, with a decrease of high RWT (RR 0.8, 95%CI 0.6–1.0). ACE‐inhibitors, β‐blockers and calcium antagonists showed similar risk reductions, while diuretics seemed to increase the risk, possibly by reducing left ventricular end diastolic diameter.ConclusionsThe use of antihypertensive drugs is associated with a decreased risk of echocardiographically determined LVH in a population‐based setting. Copyright Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic approach to identify acute phase response‐related proteins with low molecular weight in loach skin following injury
Authors: Peng Xuanxian , Wu Yajun , Chen Jingan , Wang Sanying 
Published: October 2004

AbstractProteome analysis by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) together with mass spectrometry was applied to screen acute phase response (APR)‐related proteins with low molecular weight in loach skin following injury. Furthermore, Western blotting and function tests were applied to confirm the results obtained from the proteomic study. Fifteen APR‐related proteins with sixteen spots (PLA with two spots) on a 2‐DE map were identified in this study. Furthermore, six were known acute phase proteins including galactose‐binding lectin (GBL), lysozyme, C3, CD59, double PLA and 50s ribosomal protein; while ATP kinase, zinc finger protein 183, alpha‐neurotoxin homology, angiostatin, serine/threonine kinase, metalloproteinase inhibitor, regulator of G‐protein 4, cryptdin‐9 and disintegrin trigranin were found by our lab to be APR‐related proteins. In addition, our results suggest that proteomes with low molecular weight can be characterized by 2‐DE with a Tris‐tricine system followed by mass spectrometry.
Identification of caspase‐3 degradome by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight analysis
Authors: Lee Ah Young , Park Byoung Chul , Jang Mi , Cho Sayeon , Lee Do Hee , Lee Sang Chul , Myung Pyung Keun , Park Sung Goo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe activation of caspases is a critical event for the execution phase of programmed cell death. Caspases are highly specific in their ability to activate or inhibit many crucial proteins in the cell via site‐specific cleavage. To date, more than 60 proteins have been shown to be substrates of one or more caspases in mammalian cells, and the list is still growing. In this study, to identify human caspase‐3 substrates, we digested lysates obtained from a caspase‐3‐deficient MCF‐7 cell line with purified caspase‐3 and analyzed eliminated or decreased spots by 2‐DE. Proteins degraded by caspase‐3, termed as caspase‐3 degradome, are involved in a variety of cellular functions, such as stress‐responsive proteins, signaling molecules, structural proteins, and unclassified proteins. Interestingly, the cellular level of vinculin, a caspase‐3 substrate, was dramatically reduced during the apoptotic process, where the expression level of caspase‐3 was increased. This degradomic approach could provide a powerful tool in finding physiological substrates of many proteolytic enzymes whose functions remain to be determined.
Towards a proteomic analysis of atopic dermatitis: A two‐dimensional‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometric analysis of cultured patient‐derived fibroblasts
Authors: Park Yong‐Doo , Kim So‐yeon , Jang Hee‐Sun , Seo Eun‐Young , Namkung Jung‐Hyun , Park Hyung‐Seok , Cho Sang Yun , Paik Young‐Ki , Yang Jun‐Mo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease typically characterized by a distribution of eczematous skin lesions with lichenification, pruritic excoriations, and dry skin with wide varieties of pathophysiologic aspects. Recently, AD was divided into extrinsic and intrinsic forms according to the presence or absence of an allergy. We investigated alterations in protein expression in primary cultured AD cells from the patient biopsy samples by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight. In the primary cultured fibroblasts, we obtained 31 candidate proteins from the two‐dimensional gel image analysis in which 18 proteins were up‐regulated, eight proteins were down‐regulated and five proteins were post‐translationally modified. From these 2‐DE results, we found several candidate genes matched proteomic expression patterns by semiquantitative reverse transcription PCR. Since the exact mechanism of atopic alterations in fibroblasts remains unknown, our results may provide new clues to aid in understanding AD.
Mass spectrometric analysis of tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 1 ubiquitination mediated by cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 2
Authors: Lee Jong‐Sik , Hong Un‐Sook , Lee Tae H. , Yoon Sungjoo Kim , Yoon Jong‐Bok 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSignaling complexes formed on tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNF‐R2) contain adaptor proteins TNF‐R‐associated factors (TRAFs) 1 and 2, and cellular inhibitors of apoptosis (cIAPs) 1 and 2 which function as regulators of programmed cell death. TRAF2, cIAP1 and cIAP2 all have RING finger domains known to possess E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, implying that ubiquitination may play an important role in the TNF signaling pathway. In this report, we have shown that cIAP2 specifically mediated ubiquitination and proteasome‐dependent degradation of TRAF1. To identify the sites for cIAP2‐mediated ubiquitination of TRAF1, we used high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Lys185 and Lys193 of TRAF1 were found to be modified with ubiquitin chains. Mutation of Lys185 and Lys193 to Arg almost completely blocked cIAP2‐mediated ubiquitination of TRAF1, indicating that they are the major, if not the only, sites of TRAF1 ubiquitination. Our data suggest that cIAP2 may regulate the turnover of TRAF1 by adding polyubiquitin chains on Lys185 or Lys193 following its recruitment to TNF‐R signaling complexes.
Influence of methyl substituents on the stability of 1‐aza‐2‐adamantanone, Kirby's most twisted amide
Authors: Morgan Kathleen M. , Rawlins M. Logan , Montgomery Margo N. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHydrolysis and carbonyl hydration of adamantane‐based twisted amide 1 were studied computationally. The importance of the bridgehead methyl substituents on these reactions was determined. The carbonyl hydration of 1 is structurally and energetically much like the hydration of a transition state to amide CN bond rotation. However, hydrolysis of 1 to the amino acid is dependent on the bridgehead methyl substituents and less like hydrolysis of an amide transition state. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of phosphate buffer on the kinetics of glycation of proteins
Authors: Gil Herminia , Salcedo Daniel , Romero Román 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe glycation of γ‐globulin is catalyzed by phosphate buffer, whereas that of human serum albumin (HSA) and ovalbumin is not. The observed rate constant of spontaneous glycation of HSA is twofold larger than ovalbumin and γ‐globulin. When D‐glucose‐2‐h is compared with D‐glucose‐2‐d, the overall kinetic isotope effect for the buffer‐independent rates is Hk0/Dk0 = 4.43 ± 0.06 for HSA. The substrate isotope effect for the buffer‐independent term excludes proton abstraction as the rate‐determining step in the Amadori rearrangement by phosphate buffer. Catalysis by phosphate buffer of the glycation of γ‐globulin indicates that phosphate is the abstracting base in the Amadori rearrangement. These results suggest that the phosphate buffer plays a fundamental role in the glycation of γ‐globulin. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.