bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AGE DIFFERENCES IN SOCIAL DISCOUNTING AND CHARITABLE GIVING IN A US SAMPLE
Authors: Lu Yi , Löckenhoff Corinna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Social discounting describes the tendency to show less generosity to more socially distant recipients. With respect to age differences, prior studies (Pornpattananangkul et al., 2019; Lin & Zhang, 2020) found that older adults showed more generosity to distant others (i.e., lower social discounting rates) than younger adults. However, prior research relied on small samples, compared extreme age groups, and focused on Asian countries. To examine generalizability, this pre-registered study examined social discounting and charitable giving in a U.S. adult life-span sample (N = 426, age 18-96, Mage = 50.93, SDage = 19.51, 51% female, 61% non-Hispanic White). The social discounting measure was adapted from Jones and Rachlin (2006) and involved five social distances (1, 5, 10, 50, 100) on a 100-point scale (0 = closest, 100 = most distant). For each social distance, participants were asked how much of $100 they would allocate to themselves versus a person at that distance. They made the same decision for their favorite charity. Contrary to previous findings and our predictions, results revealed a significant positive association between age and social discounting rates (p&lt; .01), such that older adults’ generosity declined more with increasing social distance. Age differences remained robust after controlling for demographics. There were no significant age differences in average giving across social distances and in charitable giving, but, regardless of age, charitable giving was higher among those with lower social discounting rates (p&lt; .001). Findings suggest that age differences in social discounting may be sensitive to cultural context.
UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF INTRINSIC HEALTH USING AGE-DEPENDENT QUANTILE GRAPHICAL MODELS
Authors: Khan Zain , Malinsky Daniel , Cohen Alan , Pei Sen , Berhane Kiros , Picard Martin , Belsky Daniel , Wei Ying 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Human health is a complex and dynamic system. Individual components, such as clinical biomarkers, vary jointly as an ensemble, and appropriate models are needed to study them in the context of health. Network analysis is an effective way to assess and visualize cross-biomarker dependencies, where each node represents a biomarker, and each edge represents the conditional dependency between two biomarkers. We developed a new class of age-dependent quantile graphical models to fully capture the complexity of cross-biomarker dynamics. This model quantifies cross-biomarker dependencies at the boundary (i.e., when biomarkers approach or exceed normal ranges) and differentiates them from those within normal ranges. Further incorporation of age-dependency helps identify biological mechanisms by which humans maintain intrinsic health over their life course. Applying this analysis to the NHANES data (n=60,014), we discovered that cross-biomarker dependencies differed by age and across quantile levels. For participants under 20 years old, at the median quantile we found significant relationships between heart rate (HR) and all other biomarkers: cholesterol, hemoglobin, albumin, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (all p-values &lt; 0.001). However, elderly populations (60+) at the median quantile displayed cholesterol centrality instead—albumin, SBP, DBP, and HR were significantly associated with cholesterol (all p-values &lt; 0.001) while HR was less connected to other biomarkers. At the 0.9 quantile, the &lt;20 group resembled the older age groups in that cholesterol was the more central node. This demonstrates that association levels and centrality patterns varied across age groups and quantile levels.
ECONOMICS OF LONG-TERM SERVICES AND SUPPORTS: PRODUCTION, DEMAND, AND COSTS
Authors: Bishop Christine 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Economic analysis of the production, demand, and utilization of long-term services and supports (LTSS) can generate insights for public policy. This symposium presents a range of economics approaches to LTSS, with policy implications. The first paper considers in-home care as a production process, estimating the impact of various mixes of informal care and paid formal care on health outcomes. The two types of care, and their combination, contribute to different aspects of self-reported health. Paper Two uses the disruption of the pandemic to examine the productivity of an understudied resource in nursing home care provision: informal care by visiting family and friends. The finding that continuing resident interaction with informal caregivers reduced mortality should inspire future research on this valuable and understudied input into nursing home care. A third paper tracks rising wages for nursing staff wages and increasing use of contract nursing, fueled by workforce shortfalls. These trends have consequences for quality, worker attachment, and costs. An exogenous policy change raising the out-of-pocket price to some consumers of nursing home services in Germany enables the fourth paper to estimate elasticity of demand. Individuals with lower levels of need were more sensitive to rising prices than those with greater needs and fewer alternatives. The fifth paper examines the relationship of an Alzheimer’s diagnosis to individual health expenditures in Mexico and for persons of Mexican origin in the US. Cross-national comparisons and urban-rural differences suggest insights into how LTSS for cognitive disabilities may combine with health services in the two countries.
HOME-BASED CARE AND PATIENT OUTCOMES: DOES THE DELIVERY TEAM MATTER?
Authors: Coe Norma , Sun Chuxuan , Van Houtven Courtney , Basu Anirban , Konetzka R Tamara 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A major challenge facing the U.S. is how to best to meet the growing demand for person-centered, high-quality long-term care in the least restrictive setting possible for community-dwelling older adults who need assistance with daily activities. This paper asks whether who is providing home care impacts patient outcomes. The relative benefits to the care recipient of informal care, formal care, or a combination of the two is largely unknown. A systematic review (Coe et al. 2021) found informal care, either solo or in concert with formal care, tends to lead to improvements in health and well-being of the care recipient compared to formal care alone. However, little of that research can show causation, and most is not based in the U.S. Recipients’ utilization of formal and informal care is affected by factors that also may affect outcomes, complicating the estimation of any causal relationship. Using the 2002-2018 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we use family structure variables as instruments for both formal care and the combination of formal and informal care to estimate the causal impact of the home health care team on self-reported mental and physical health outcomes. Once the endogeneity of the care team is accounted for, having both formal and informal care leads to higher self-reported health and having only formal care leads to worse mental health outcomes, such as higher depression and lower positive affect, compared to informal care alone. Mobility measures seem unaffected by the type of home care provider.
EFFECTS OF ESSENTIAL CAREGIVER POLICIES ON COVID-19 AND NON-COVID-19 DEATHS IN NURSING HOMES
Authors: Konetzka R Tamara , Ghazali Nadia , Qi Mingyu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Balancing the safety of nursing home residents with their need for social interaction has emerged as a key challenge from the COVID-19 pandemic. Strict bans on nursing home visitation eventually led to growing concern that physical isolation may have unintended harms on nursing home residents. To address this concern, at staggered times between June 2020 and January 2021, 17 states implemented Essential Caregiver policies allowing nursing home visitation by designated family members or friends under controlled circumstances. Using the Nursing Home COVID-19 Public File and other relevant data, we analyze the effects of Essential Caregiver policies on COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 deaths for nursing home residents. To estimate plausibly causal effects, we employ recent innovations in difference-in-differences and event-study estimation. We find that on average, Essential Caregiver policies prevent 0.44 non-COVID-19 deaths, 0.42 COVID-19 deaths, and 0.86 total deaths per 1,000 residents in a two-week period, representing 8 percent, 17 percent, and 11 percent of the sample mean for the three outcomes, respectively. The effects are mainly driven by state policies that are mandatory or implemented without restrictions and are larger for high-quality facilities and highly staffed facilities. Our results suggest that nursing home residents derive substantial benefit from regular social interaction with family members and friends and from the additional care they provide. Our findings support the use and expansion of Essential Caregiver policies to balance resident safety and the need for social interaction for future infectious disease outbreaks.
CHANGES IN ACCELEROMETER MEASURED MOVEMENT BEHAVIORS OVER RETIREMENT: A COMPOSITIONAL DATA APPROACH
Authors: Sacco Lawrence , Westerlund Hugo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Retirement is a significant life transition where individuals change their daily patterns of movement behaviors (i.e. physical activity and sedentary behavior). However, evidence accounting for how individuals re-allocate time from one type of activity to another is lacking, considering that engagement in different activities is co-dependent as time not spent in a given type of activity will be spent in another one. The objective of this paper is to evaluate how relative time spent in movement behaviors (light physical activity, moderate-vigorous physical activity and sedentariness) and sleep change over the retirement transition. Furthermore, the aim is to assess how movement behaviors change differently between genders, manual Vs non-manual work and weekend Vs weekdays. Data was collected from 114 participants (47 men and 67 women; ages: 60 to 73) from the Swedish Retirement Study (SRS) at three timepoints: 6 months before retirement and, 6 and 18 months after retirement. Time-use data on movement behaviors and sleep was collected over a week-long period through thigh-worn accelerometers and wrist-worn actigraphs. Compositional data analysis (CoDA) was used to account for the compositional and finite nature of 24 hour time-use data. Results indicate that small changes in allocation of time between movement behaviors occur during retirement. Changes indicate that after retirement weekdays shows patterns of activity that resemble more patterns typical of pre-retirement weekends. Findings are discussed in relation to implications for physical activity guidelines and the influence of retirement on health.
AGEING WELL WITH AUTISM
Authors: Brown Laura , Aitken Rebecca , Berry Katherine , Gowen Emma 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Autism is characterized by patterns of neurological development that can cause differences in social interactions and sensory processing; restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior; and difficulties in identifying and describing feelings. The highly sociable and unpredictable environments typical of most societies are poorly suited to autistic people*, leading to disadvantage and exclusion. Despite increasing numbers of people aging with autism, little is known about the needs and experiences of middle-aged and older autistic adults. This is important given that autistic people experience higher rates of health and functional difficulties, and express a need for appropriate, accessible forms of support as they age. In this study, we interviewed seventeen autistic adults, aged from 46-72 years, about their views and experiences of aging, and how services could better support them to age well. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. The findings revealed several potential ways that autism affected people’s ability to age well. This included difficulties in accessing formal and informal supports; interactions between autism and health conditions; and negative attitudes and low understanding about autism encountered within services and society. Recommendations for supporting autistic adults to age well included involving autistic people in the design of services, and introducing specialized advocate/coordinator roles or ‘one-stop-shop’ hubs that could help autistic people navigate services more easily. * Our use of the terms ‘autistic people/adults’ is in-line with evidence-based guidance for writing about autism research, and is preferred by autistic people to ‘person-first’ terms like ‘person with autism’ (https://journals.sagepub.com/pb-assets/cmscontent/AUT/Autism-terminology-guidance-2021-1626860796.pdf)
PRACTICE AND THEORY: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PARTICIPATING IN CULTURALLY-RELEVANT CRAFTS FOR DIVERSE OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Adams-Price Carolyn 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the last 25 years, there has been a great increase in interest in the benefits of creative activities for older adults, especially for dementia patients. More recent research (Adams-Price et al., 2018) has identified specific benefits that healthy older adults get from participating in arts activities. However, little research has featured the benefits of traditional craft activities, especially those prominent in different ethnic groups. The focus of this symposium will be on the benefits of traditional crafts for older adults, especially when those crafts are traditional to one’s culture and have benefits for identity. The proposed symposium will include papers by Chen and Alcantar on the impact of craft participation on diverse older adults. Kaori Otera Chen will be discussing older women weavers in New York State, and the psychological growth they experience from learning and practicing skills associated with weaving, and from creating beautiful pieces. Sandy Alcantar will be discussing a program that she runs for older Hispanic immigrants that promotes participation in traditional crafts to provide income and connect the immigrants to their culture of origin. Adams-Price will be discussing life-span developmental psychology and the sociocultural theory of creativity from Vlad Glaveanu, and their implications of the theory for discussing the significance of long-term participating in culturally-relevant crafts in later life, singly and in groups. She will tie in examples from diverse cultures, including older rural African American women who quilt.
POSITIVE ASPECTS OF DEMENTIA CAREGIVING EVOLVE FROM AN INTEGRATIVE STRESS COPING AND EXISTENTIALISM PARADIGMS
Authors: Yu Doris S F , Cheng Sheung Tak 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Family caregiving is the crucial informal care resource to buffer the associated disease burden. Research in this field has focused on promoting effective adaptation of family caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD) by ameliorating their caregiving burden. Little attention is placed on positive aspects of caregiving (PAC). PAC refers to the extent to which caregiving experience is appraised as enriching to one’s life, and promoting uplift, personal growth and gratification. This mixed-method study investigated how PAC evolved from the encounter of the family caregivers of PWD. Based on the research evidence about how PAC is shaped, an integrated theoretical model combining the stress coping and existential paradigms were hypothesized to explain the evolvement of PAC. A mixed-method longitudinal study was conducted, and 403 family caregivers of PWD were invited to respond on validated measure for active dementia management strategies, self-efficacy, social support, meaning-making, motivation to care and religiosity. PAC was measured at baseline and 6 months thereafter. Path analysis indicated that PAC was evolved from the self-efficacy derived from active coping with the caregiving experience, with a social support as a significant moderator for such relationship. The use of meaning-focus coping especially in a religious context also optimize this favorable caregiving attribute. The qualitative findings converge with this model, and further elaborate how performance success, self-affirmation, spiritual growth, and relationship solidarity consolidate perceived positivity on the caregiving experience. This study provides important insights on how to advance caregiving supportive care by adding an existential paradigm.
A MODEL FOR DISSEMINATING EVIDENCE-BASED RESIDENT-TO-RESIDENT AGGRESSION INTERVENTION PROGRAMS
Authors: Pillemer Karl , Luebke Matthew 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In elder mistreatment research, a key problem is the failure to disseminate interventions to broad audiences. This gap prevents most interventions from benefitting victims and improving their quality of life. Interventions are often not disseminated because of a lack funding, staffing, and support from provider organizations. We report on a novel, low-cost dissemination model to circumvent these barriers and expand program reach. The program, Improving Resident Relationships in Long Term Care (IRRL), trains staff to recognize resident-to-resident aggression (RRA) and to learn how to manage it. The training consists of two sessions, (1) recognition and (2) management. A dissemination model was created that included systematic marketing, outreach, and organizational sponsorship. We describe the model, which is replicable for a variety of dissemination efforts: 1) creating an easily accessible manual, supporting documents, and evaluation materials; 2) designing a user-friendly website for distribution; 3) identifying provider associations for program marketing; 4) developing partnerships with LTC organizations for dissemination; 5) providing national informational webinars; 6) offering webinar participants subsequent train-the-trainer sessions and coaching. This plan is feasible with limited expenditures and can be accomplished via the use of student research assistants. Using this model, the IRRL program has gained organizational support and has employed web-based training to reach over 300 providers. The dissemination of the IRRL program offers a potential method for intervention delivery with limited funding. Implications for future dissemination research are discussed.
LEADING ADVANCE CARE CONVERSATIONS: DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERVENTION PLATFORM
Authors: Dassel Kara , Aruscavage Nancy , Nachtweih Emily , Supiano Katherine , Utz Rebecca , Iacob Eli , Clayton Jordana 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The LEAD Guide (Life-Planning in Early Alzheimer’s and Other Dementias) is an advance care planning guide designed specifically for people with dementia and their care partner. It addresses changes in cognition and goals of care, including values and preferences, for end-of-life care and support across the disease continuum. The goal of using the guide is to create a shared understanding of the care recipient’s end-of-life care preferences. We developed an interactive web-based format of the LEAD Guide, an enhanced extension of the original paper guide, for a pilot behavioral intervention. The LEAD Intervention guided community-based Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) dyads (N=60 dyads; persons concerned, at risk, or with a dementia diagnosis and their care partners) through advance care planning (ACP) conversations and documentation. The intervention model included the LEAD Guide, interactive instructions, and educational material about ACP in the context of dementia. We developed the LEAD Intervention using an interactive design and beta testing process (including surveys and focus groups) with our community advisory board members. The board members included professional dementia experts, community partners, and ADRD dyads. Board members were enthusiastic about the LEAD Intervention and provided suggested revisions in three areas; technology (navigation of web-based documents, webpage design), personalization (the need to personalize emails and surveys to individual participants), and evaluation (creating simple scaled and open-text questions to obtain feedback on the intervention activities). Creating a feasible, acceptable, and efficacious intervention requires a multi-faceted approach that incorporates input from end users using community-based participatory research methods.
COHORT DIFFERENCES IN PTSD SYMPTOMS AMONG VIETNAM, PERSIAN GULF, AND POST-9/11 COMBAT VETERANS
Authors: Kurth Maria , Witzel Dakota , Segerstrom Suzanne , Choun Soyoung , Aldwin Carolyn 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Research examining long-term effects of military service often focuses on help-seeking Veterans who served in Vietnam, Korea, and WWII. Less is known about Veterans from more recent conflicts or community-dwelling Veterans. We administered online surveys to community-dwelling combat Veterans (N=167; Mage=57.96; 31% women) to examine cohort differences in service appraisals, post-service experiences, and predictors of PTSD symptoms. Chi-square and hierarchical regression were used to test differences in demographics, appraisals of service, post-service experiences, and PTSD symptoms. Among Veterans from Vietnam (n=60), Persian Gulf (n=68), and Post-9/11 cohorts (n=39), only age and educational attainment varied. Vietnam Veterans were older, and Persian Gulf War Veterans more likely to have a college education compared with other eras. There were no cohort differences for military appraisals or post-service experiences. In step one of hierarchical regression, men and those with lower income reported more PTSD symptoms. In step two, including cohort, Vietnam Veterans had more PTSD symptoms than the two younger cohorts, despite age now being inversely correlated with symptoms. In step three, including military and post-service experiences, demographics and cohort were no longer significantly associated with PTSD symptoms. Combat severity, undesirable appraisals, and social support were positively associated with PTSD symptoms, while desirable appraisals were inversely associated with PTSD symptoms. Cohort and demographics may be less important for Veteran mental health than service-related experiences. As Veterans of all eras move through adulthood and into later life, the importance of their miliary experiences must be considered, as it might be a ‘hidden’ variable of aging.