bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct high‐performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of β‐lactam stereoisomers
Authors: Péter Antal , Árki Anita , Forró Enikő , Fülöp Ferenc , Armstrong Daniel W. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractHigh‐performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of the enantiomers of 12 β‐lactams. Direct separations were performed on chiral stationary phases (CSPs) containing cellulose‐tris‐3,5‐dimethylphenyl carbamate (Chiralcel OD‐RH and OD‐H columns), the macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin (Chirobiotic T column), or teicoplanin aglycone (Chirobiotic TAG column) as the chiral selector. It was clearly established that, with teicoplanin‐based columns, the teicoplanin aglycone was most often responsible for the enantioseparation of the β‐lactams. The difference in enantioselective free energy between the aglycone CSP and the teicoplanin CSP was in the range between 0.02 and 0.97 kJ mol−1 for these β‐lactam stereoisomer separations. The separations were carried out with high selectivity and resolution, and the method was therefore suitable for monitoring of the enantiomeric excess after chiral synthesis. The Chirobiotic and Chiralcel columns appear to be highly complementary to one another. The best separation of this class of β‐lactam compound could be obtained using the Chirobiotic TAG in the polar‐organic mode plus the Chiralcel OD‐H in the normal‐phase mode. The elution sequence was also determined. Chirality 17:193–200, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On Differences between Hydrogen Bonding and Improper Blue‐Shifting Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Zierkiewicz Wiktor , Jurečka Petr , Hobza Pavel 
Published: April 2005

AbstractTwenty two hydrogen‐bonded and improper blue‐shifting hydrogen‐bonded complexes were studied by means of the HF, MP2 and B3LYP methods using the 6‐31G(d,p) and 6—311++G(d,p) basis sets. In contrast to the standard H bonding, the origin of the improper blue‐shifting H bonding is still not fully understood. Contrary to a frequently presented idea, the electric field of the proton acceptor cannot solely explain the different behavior of the H‐bonded and improper blue‐shifting H‐bonded complexes. Compression of the hydrogen bond due to different attractive forces—dispersion or electrostatics—makes an important contribution as well. The symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) has been utilized to decompose the total interaction energy into physically meaningful contributions. In the red‐shifting complexes, the induction energy is mostly larger than the dispersion energy while, in the case of blue‐shifting complexes, the situation is opposite. Dispersion as an attractive force increases the blue shift in the blue‐shifting complexes as it compresses the H bond and, therefore, it increases the Pauli repulsion. On the other hand, dispersion in the red‐shifting complexes increases their red shift.
Trajectory tracking control of mobile robot by time‐based spline approach
Authors: Miyata Junichi , Murakami Toshiyuki , Ohnishi Kouhei 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA mobile robot must move without unacceptable rapid motion. To address this issue, we propose a preview controller using the time‐based spline approach. With this approach, it is also important to plan an adequate trajectory. Here an approach to trajectory planning which has the trajectory determination strategy via a virtual manipulator is proposed. Numerical and experimental results are shown to confirm the proposed algorithm. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(4): 65–71, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10349
Comparative studies on magnetic flux relaxations of varied spherical toroids produced by co‐helicity merging
Authors: Tsuruda Mayuko , Ono Yasushi , Katsurai Makoto 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe co‐helicity merging operations of compact toroid (CT) and spherical tokamak (ST) have been performed with external toroidal fields in the CT/ST merging device TS‐4. The low‐q (safety factor) CT merging as the compact RFP merging and the spheromak merging show the flux conversion from toroidal to poloidal in the course of the reconstruction of the Taylor force free state. The relaxation to the Taylor state proceeds through the following three states: (1) axisymmetric merging with increasing toroidal flux; (2) increase in the poloidal flux Ψ; and (3) relaxation to the Taylor state. The high‐q ST merging shows different relaxation process from those of the compact RFP and the spheromak mergings. Increases in Ψ were not clearly observed in the ST merging. The measured eigenvalues λ show that ST's, especially high‐q ST's, approach a unique intrinsic equilibrium state that has a λ proportional to Ψ with a longer lifetime than that of CT's. When external toroidal field is set in a certain range between the low‐q operation and the high‐q operation for ST's, an abnormal phenomenon was found in the ST formation, namely, a drastic decrease in the plasma lifetime. This phenomenon is characterized by very weak poloidal flux generations during the initial plasma production phase and the subsequent plasma separation phase when the plasma starts detaching from the flux core. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(4): 7–15, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20069
Realization and location control of attenuation poles by bandpass filters using mixed resonators
Authors: Wada Kouji , Ohno Takanobu , Hashimoto Osamu 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis paper describes the improvement of the skirt characteristics of a bandpass filter (BPF) by using mixed tapped resonators. In this paper, we try to examine the transmission characteristics of the BPFs with a function to control the number of attenuation poles based on the use of a λ/2 resonator and a λ/4 resonator as the basis of the distributed constant line resonators. As a result, we have confirmed that realization of the attenuation poles has a greater effect than choice of the number of resonators or choice and location control of the numbers of realized poles. The miniaturization of the presented BPF is also accomplished as well as location of the attenuation poles mentioned above. It has been confirmed that our proposal enables the control of the number of attenuation poles of the BPF. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(4): 36–46, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20074
Ontogeny of the Marmorkrebs (marbled crayfish): a parthenogenetic crayfish with unknown origin and phylogenetic position
Authors: Seitz Robert , Vilpoux Kathia , Hopp Ulrich , Harzsch Steffen , Maier Gerhard 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDevelopment, growth, and egg production of the Marmorkrebs (marbled crayfish), a crayfish with parthenogenetic reproduction, uncertain geographic origin, and taxonomic position, was studied under laboratory conditions. Length and weight increments strongly depended on temperature being highest at 30°C, and lowest at 15°C. At 25°C, cephalothorax length and weight increased by 17.5 mm and 1700 mg, respectively, in the course of 150 d, whereas at 15°C these parameters increased by only 7 mm and 100 mg during the same period of time. Photoperiod slightly affected growth at 25°C. During growth experiments, mortality was lower at 20°C compared to higher (25°, 30°C) or lower temperatures (15°C), and lower under short‐day than under long‐day conditions. Females matured early (at an age of 141–255 d, a cephalothorax length of 14–21.5 mm, and a weight of 0.63–2 g) compared to other crayfish species. Reproductive females with a cephalothorax length of between 25–35 mm produced large clutches (up to 416 eggs) and brooding periods varied between 22 and 42 d. In order to establish a staging scheme for Marmorkrebs embryos, embryos were photographed, externally visible ontogenetic events charted, and dissected embryos stained with a nuclear dye. These experiments indicate that their development is virtually identical to that of other crayfish. In conclusion, these results and others show that the Marmorkrebs may be taken as a representative valid model organism for future developmental studies on Crustacea. J. Exp. Zool. 303A: 393–405, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laparoscopic Cardial Calibration and Gastropexy for Treatment of Patients with Reflux Esophagitis: Pathophysiological basis and Result
Authors: Braghetto Italo , Korn Owen , Debandi Anibal , Burdiles Patricio , Valladares Hector , Csendes Attila 
Published: April 2005

AbstractLaparoscopic antireflux surgery is the gold standard procedure for treatment of patients with reflux esophagitis. The current results of the laparoscopic approach are absolutely comparables with the results obtained during the open surgery era. The Nissen, Nissen‐Rossetti, or Toupet techniques are the more frequently used. We have performed cardial calibration and posterior gastropexy or Nissen fundoplication by the open approach with similar results. The purpose of this article is to present the anatomo‐physiological basis for employing cardial calibration and posterior gastropexy in patients with reflux esophagitis. This study includes 108 symptomatic patients, 12 of them with associated extraesophageal manifestations ( posterior laryngitis). Endoscopic mild or moderate esophagitis was confirmed in 83 patients, Barrett’s esophagus in 12 patients, and type I or II hiatal hernia in 13 patients. All patients were also submitted to manometry, 24 hour intraesophageal pH monitoring, and barium swallow before and after surgery. Follow‐up ranged from 12 to 36 months. There were no conversion, major intraoperative, or postoperative complications; nor were there any deaths. Postoperative dysphagia was present in 5% of cases. Symptomatic recurrence of reflux was observed in 10.3% and endoscopic presence of esophagitis in 12.3% of cases. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure increased significantly after surgery, even in patients with endoscopic recurrence. 24‐hour intraesophageal monitoring improved after surgery, except in patients with objective recurrence of esophagitis. In conclusion, laparoscopic cardial calibration with posterior gastropexy presents comparable results to those reported after Nissen fundoplication and therefore could be another excellent therapeutic option in patients with reflux esophagitis
Risk Factors for Sepsis and Endocarditis and Long‐Term Survival Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Toumpoulis Ioannis K. , Anagnostopoulos Constantine E. , Toumpoulis Stavros K. , De Rose Joseph J. , Swistel Daniel G. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe sought to determine risk factors for sepsis and/or endocarditis (S/E) and to identify their impact on long‐term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We studied 3760 consecutive patients who underwent isolated CABG from 1992 to 2002. Patients with CABG without S/E were compared with those who developed S/E. Long‐term survival data (mean follow‐up 5.2 years) were obtained from the National Death Index. Groups were compared by Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan‐Meier survival plots. The propensity for S/E was determined by logistic regression analysis and each patient with S/E was matched to one patient without S/E. Thirty‐six patients (0.96%) developed S/E. Independent predictors for S/E were increased age (odds ratio [OR] 1.05 per year, 95% Confidence interval [95% CI] 1.00–1.09;p= 0.040) and the development of other major complications after CABG such as deep sternal wound infection (OR 30.80, 95% CI 9.50–99.82;p< 0.001), gastrointestinal complications (OR 19.48, 95% CI 7.14–53.18;p< 0.001), renal failure (OR 15.18, 95% CI 4.42–52.06;p< 0.001), intraoperative stroke (OR 13.11, 95% CI 4.81–35.69;p< 0.001) and respiratory failure (OR 12.95, 95% CI 5.69–29.45;p< 0.001). After adjustment for pre‐, intra‐ and postoperative factors, the adjusted hazard ratio of long‐term mortality for patients with S/E was 3.33 (95% CI 2.17–5.10;p< 0.001). There was no difference in 30‐day mortality between matched groups (25.0% vs. 19.4% in patients without S/E,p= 0.778), however patients without S/E had better 5‐year survival rate (52.7 ± 8.7% vs. 16.2 ± 6.2%;p= 0.0004). We have identified risk factors for S/E following CABG and we found that there was increased mortality in patients with S/E during a 10‐year follow‐up period.
History and Development of Evidence‐based Medicine
Authors: Claridge Jeffrey A. , Fabian Timothy C. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis article illustrates the timeline of the development of evidence‐based medicine (EBM). The term “evidence‐based medicine” is relatively new. In fact, as far as we can tell, investigators from McMaster’s University began using the term during the 1990s. EBM was defined as “a systemic approach to analyze published research as the basis of clinical decision making.” Then in 1996, the term was more formally defined by Sacket et al., who stated that EBM was “the conscientious and judicious use of current best evidence from clinical care research in the management of individual patients.” Ancient era EBM consists of ancient historical or anecdotal accounts of what may be loosely termed EBM. This was followed by the development of the renaissance era of EBM, which began roughly during the seventeenth century. During this era personal journals were kept and textbooks began to become more prominent. This was followed by the 1900s, during an era we term the transitional era of EBM (1900–1970s). Knowledge during this era could be shared more easily in textbooks and eventually peer‐reviewed journals. Finally, during the 1970s we enter the modern era of EBM. Technology has had a large role in the advancement of EBM. Computers and database software have allowed compilation of large amounts of data. The Index Medicus has become a medical dinosaur of the past that students of today likely do not recognize. The Internet has also allowed incredible access to masses of data and information. However, we must be careful with an overabundance of “unfiltered” data. As history, as clearly shown us, evidence and data do not immediately translate into evidence based practice.
Role of Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis in Evidence‐based Medicine
Authors: Sauerland Stefan , Seiler Christoph M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe overwhelming increase in the quantity of clinical evidence has led to detachment of the evidence and practice because new evidence can be integrated into clinical practice only after it has been critically appraised and synthesized on the basis of the existing evidence. Because many clinicians lack the skills and the time for such information processing, systematic reviews and meta‐analyses, their quantitative counterparts, play an important role in health care. Well performed systematic reviews provide clinically relevant information for surgeons, abrogating the need to identify, read, and evaluate many individual studies. This article reviews the basic principles of meta‐analysis, discusses its potential weaknesses such as heterogeneity and publication bias, and highlights special situations when dealing with surgical trials.
Evidence‐based Medicine in Surgical Decision Making
Authors: Lacaine François 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThere are now five classic steps for analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic medical decision‐making policies: (1) formulate a clear clinical question based on a particular patient’s problem; (2) search the literature for relevant clinical articles; (3) evaluate the evidence for its validity and usefulness; (4) implement useful findings into clinical practice; (5) audit the validity of the process. The clinician must have the necessary skills to appraise critically the information retrieved. Rather than focusing on the discussion and conclusion sections of articles, the reader should concentrate on the review of the methods and results sections to formulate an opinion regarding the strength of evidence presented in the paper. The process is intellectually demanding and difficult to achieve. This particular step in the validation of evidence implies that each clinician must be methodologically and statistically sound, an “expert,” capable of analyzing the method used in that particular publication to achieve the published result.
How to Teach Evidence‐based Surgery
Authors: Fingerhut Abe , Borie Frédéric , Dziri Chadli 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe objectives of teaching evidence‐based surgery (EBS) are to inform and convince that EBS is a method of interrogation, reasoning, appraisal, and application of information to guide physicians in their decisions to best treat their patients. Asking the right, answerable questions, translating them into effective searches for the best evidence, critically appraising evidence for its validity and importance, and then integrating EBS with their patients’ values and preferences are daily chores for all surgeons. Teaching and learning EBS should be patient‐centered, learner‐centered, and active and interactive. The teacher should be a model for students to become an expert clinician who is able to match and take advantage of the clinical setting and circumstances to ask and to answer appropriate questions. The process is multistaged.Teaching EBS in small groups is ideal. However, it is time‐consuming for the faculty and must be clearly and formally structured. As well, evidence‐based medicine (EBM) courses must cater to local institutional needs, must receive broad support from the instructors and the providers of information (librarians and computer science faculty), use proven methodologies, and avoid scheduling conflicts. In agreement with others, we believe that the ideal moment to introduce the concepts of EBM into the curriculum of the medical student is early, during the first years of medical school. Afterward, it should be continued every year. When this is not the case, as in many countries, it becomes the province of the surgeon in teaching hospitals, whether they are at the university, are university‐affiliated, or not, to fulfill this role.
Review of aetiological concepts of temporomandibular pain disorders: towards a biopsychosocial model for integration of physical disorder factors with psychological and psychosocial illness impact factors
Authors: Suvinen Tuija I. , Reade Peter C. , Kemppainen Pentti , Könönen Mauno , Dworkin Samuel F. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSeveral studies have reported that musculoskeletal disorders of the stomatognathic system, commonly known as temporomandibular disorders (TMD) resemble musculoskeletal disorders and chronic pain disorders in general. There is also general consensus that combined biomedical and biopsychosocial methods best support the assessment and management of the cardinal features of TMD, i.e., pain and dysfunction or physical (peripheral) and psychosocial (central) factors. This overview of the aetiology of TMD will outline conceptualizations of past models and present the current view that patients with TMD should be assessed according to both the physical disorder and the psychosocial illness impact factors. The conceptual theories outlined in this review include biomedical models related to temporomandibular joints, muscles of mastication and occlusal factors, psychological models and the biopsychosocial models. An integrated and multidimensional approach concerning physical and psychosocial factors in temporomandibular pain and dysfunction is presented as an example of how the biopsychosocial model and information processing theory may apply in the conceptualization and management of TMD for various health care professionals.
The application of GIS technology for precipitation mapping
Authors: Dyras I. , Serafin‐Rek D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPrecipitation is one of the most variable meteorological parameters in time and space. The standard surface measurement network provides very localised information about the precipitation. The satellite and radar observations and Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models provide continuous information on the state of the atmosphere, but at much lower resolution.This paper presents work undertaken in central Europe on stratiform and convective precipitation estimated from satellite microwave data. The results of analysis are prepared in the form of precipitation intensity and range maps. The data available from an Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) on board NOAA‐15, 16 and 17 satellites enhanced the scope of the work by providing access to new meteorological precipitation‐related products. These products, such as Rain Rate (RR), Scattering Index (SI), Total Precipitation Water (TPW), Precipitation Probability (PP) and Liquid Water Path (LWP), were prepared using the regression algorithms. The data from spring and summer seasons in 2001 and 2002 were used for analysis.The temperature and precipitation thematic layers are created from the NWP model grid data. Also SYNOP (Surface Synoptic Observations) and TEMP (Sonde air temperature) data are converted into thematic coverages. Progress in GIS technology application for NOAA/AMSU microwave‐derived products preparation and visualisation in the Satellite Research Department in Poland was achieved. The developed system allows the display of the rain field forecast by the NWP model Aladin and the precipitation observed with the satellite data and other ancillary information. The maps of precipitation with additional geographical data and administrative boundaries are available for weather forecasting units via the Intranet. It is also planned to make images available on the web for external customers. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
ECOCLIMAP: a global database of land surface parameters at 1 km resolution
Authors: Champeaux J. L. , Masson V. , Chauvin F. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSoil/vegetation–atmosphere transfer schemes (SVATS) require only a few primary parameters as inputs (leaf area index, vegetation fraction and albedo). The object of this paper is to describe methods used to derive these parameters from surface cover maps, climate maps and NDVI datasets. The resolution of these new surface parameters is 1 km at the global scale. The ECOCLIMAP database is available online to the research community at http://www.cnrm.meteo.fr/gmme/PROJETS/ECOCLIMAP/page_ecoclimap.htm. An application of this strategy for urban use at a finer scale (30mresolution) is presented here for the city of Marseille. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.