bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation trapping screen in live culture for genes expressed in cardiovascular lineages
Authors: Chen Weisheng V. , Chen Zhi 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWe have developed a gene trap vector that transduces an EGFP‐neo fusion gene (Eno) to monitor the expression of trapped genes in living cells and embryos. Upon in vitro differentiation, most gene‐trapped embryonic stem (ES) cell clones exhibited detectable green fluorescence in various specialized cell types, which can be followed in the live culture in real time. Populations of ES cell‐derived cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, and hematopoietic cells were readily recognized by their distinctive morphologies coupled with unique activities, allowing efficient screening for clones with trapped genes expressed in cardiovascular lineages. Applying G418 selection in parallel differentiation cultures further increased detection sensitivity and screening throughput by enriching reporter‐expressing cells with intensified green fluorescent protein signals. Sequence analyses and chimera studies demonstrated that the expression of trapped genes in vivo closely correlated with the observed lineage specificity in vitro. This provides a strategy to identify and mutate genes expressed in lineages of interest for further functional studies. Developmental Dynamics 229:319–327, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calcium transients regulate patterned actin assembly during myofibrillogenesis
Authors: Li Hongyan , Cook John D. , Terry Monica , Spitzer Nicholas C. , Ferrari Michael B. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe highly ordered arrangement of sarcomeric myosin during striated muscle development requires spontaneous calcium (Ca2+) transients. Here, we show that blocking transients also compromises patterned assembly of actin thin filaments, titin, and capZ. Because a conserved temporal assembly pattern has been described for these proteins, selective inhibitors of either thick or thin filament formation were used to determine their relative temporal interdependencies. For example, inhibition of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) by application of a specific inhibitory peptide or phorbol myistate acetate (PMA) disrupts myosin assembly without significantly affecting formation of actin bands. The MLCK inhibitor ML‐7, however, disrupted actin as well as myosin. Surprisingly, agents that interfere with actin dynamics, such as cytochalasin D, produced only minor organizational disruptions in actin, capZ, and titin staining. However, cytochalasin D and other actin disrupting compounds significantly perturbed myosin organization. The results indicate that (1) Ca2+ transients regulate one or more of the earliest steps in sarcomere formation, (2) mature actin filaments can assemble independently of myosin band formation, and (3) myosin thick filament assembly is extremely sensitive to disruption of either the actin or titin filament systems. Developmental Dynamics 229:231–242, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term culture of human embryonic stem cells in feeder‐free conditions
Authors: Rosler Elen S. , Fisk Gregory J. , Ares Ximena , Irving John , Miura Takumi , Rao Mahendra S. , Carpenter Melissa K. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWe have demonstrated previously that human embryonic stem (hES) cells possess a characteristic morphologic, antigenic, and molecular profile that can be used to assess the state of ES cells (Carpenter et al., [2004] Dev Dyn 229:243–258). In this manuscript, we have examined the long‐term stability of three hES cell lines in feeder‐free culture. We demonstrate that the expression of antigens and transcription factors, telomerase activity, telomere length, and karyotype appear stable for all three hES cell lines after continuous culture for over 1 yr. All three lines retained pluripotent differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Although hES cell lines were remarkably stable over the period of analysis, a detailed quantitative analysis of antigen expression by flow cytometry and gene expression by microarray suggested that cell lines show subtle differences in the expression of small subsets of genes upon long‐term culture. Developmental Dynamics 229:259–274, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Properties of four human embryonic stem cell lines maintained in a feeder‐free culture system
Authors: Carpenter Melissa K. , Rosler Elen S. , Fisk Gregory J. , Brandenberger Ralph , Ares Ximena , Miura Takumi , Lucero Mary , Rao Mahendra S. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractSeveral laboratories have begun evaluating human ES (hES) cell lines; however, direct comparisons between different hES cell lines have not been performed. We have characterized the properties of four human cell lines maintained in feeder‐free culture conditions. Quantitative assessment of surface markers, microarray analysis of gene expression patterns, expression of SOX‐2, UTF‐1, Rex‐1, OCT3/4, CRIPTO, and telomerase activity demonstrated similar patterns in all hES cell lines examined. Undifferentiated hES cells do not respond to neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, glutamate, and gamma‐aminobutyric acid. In addition, the undifferentiated hES cells possess gap junctions. Although similarities in marker expression were observed, allotyping showed that all four lines have a distinct HLA profile, predicting differences in transplantation responses. These data provide the first detailed comparison of different hES cell lines and demonstrate remarkable similarities among lines maintained in identical culture conditions. Developmental Dynamics 229:243–258, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zinc finger protein Zac1 is expressed in chondrogenic sites of the mouse
Authors: Tsuda Takeshi , Markova Dessislava , Wang Hui , Evangelisti Lucia , Pan Te‐Cheng , Chu Mon‐Li 
Published: January 2004

AbstractZac1 is a zinc finger transcription factor that elicits antiproliferative activity and is a potential tumor suppressor gene. Through a detailed spatiotemporal study by in situ hybridization of mouse embryos, we have found that Zac1 transcript is predominantly localized in developing chondrogenic tissue, in addition to the central nervous system as reported elsewhere. Zac1 is also expressed transiently in the myocardium, skeletal muscle, and basal aspect of the stratified embryonic epithelia. During cartilage development, the pattern of Zac1 expression is in close accordance with the distribution of type II collagen mRNA in mesenchymal condensation and prehypertrophic chondrocytes. In mouse ATDC5 cells undergoing in vitro chondrogenesis, the Zac1 mRNA is up‐regulated in parallel with genes expressed in precartilage but the Zac1 expression is low when type II collagen mRNA is markedly increased in differentiated cells. Together, these results suggest that Zac1 is a potential regulatory gene involved in chondrogenic differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 229:340–348, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survey of forkhead domain encoding genes in the Drosophila genome: Classification and embryonic expression patterns
Authors: Lee Hsiu‐Hsiang , Frasch Manfred 
Published: January 2004

AbstractGenetic approaches in Drosophila led to the identification of Forkhead, the prototype of forkhead domain transcription factors that are now known to comprise an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins with essential roles in development and differentiation. Sequence analysis of the recently published genomic scaffold sequence from Drosophila melanogaster has allowed us to determine the presumably full complement of forkhead domain encoding genes in this species. We show herein that the Drosophila genome contains 17 forkhead domain encoding genes; 13 of these genes have orthologs in chordate species, and their products can be assigned to 10 of the 17 forkhead domain subclasses known from chordates. One Drosophila forkhead domain gene only has a Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog and may represent a subclass that is absent in chordates, while the remaining three cannot be classified. We present the mRNA expression patterns of seven previously uncharacterized members of this gene family and show that they are expressed in tissues from all three germ layers, including central and peripheral nervous system, epidermis, salivary gland primordia, endoderm, somatic mesoderm, and hemocyte progenitors. Furthermore, the expression patterns of two of these genes, fd19B and fd102C, suggest a role for them as gap genes during early embryonic head segmentation. Developmental Dynamics 229:357–366, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tracing of Xenopus tropicalis germ plasm and presumptive primordial germ cells with the Xenopus tropicalis DAZ‐like gene
Authors: Sekizaki Hiroyuki , Takahashi Shuji , Tanegashima Kousuke , Onuma Yasuko , Haramoto Yoshikazu , Asashima Makoto 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA gamete is derived initially from a presumptive primordial germ cell (pPGC) and transmits genetic potential to the next generation. Xenopus tropicalis, which is a close relative of Xenopus laevis, has a diploid genome and advantages for genetic and genomic research; however, little is known about the developmental mechanism of its germinal lineage. Here, we identified the Xenopus tropicalis DAZ‐like gene (Xtdazl), which encodes RNA‐binding proteins homologous to Xdazl in Xenopus laevis and examined the expression patterns of Xtdazl transcripts during embryogenesis. In this work, we showed that Xtdazl mRNA was localized in the germ plasm and was expressed from the previtellogenic oocyte to early tadpole, in testis and ovary. The same localization patterns have been reported in Xenopus laevis germ plasm and pPGCs. These results indicate that Xtdazl mRNA is the first specific marker of germ plasm and pPGCs in Xenopus tropicalis and is very useful to trace Xenopus tropicalis pPGCs, including germ plasm until the early tadpole stage. Developmental Dynamics 229:367–372, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of a novel left–right asymmetrically expressed gene in the mouse belonging to the BPI/PLUNC superfamily
Authors: Hou Juan , Yashiro Kenta , Okazaki Yasushi , Saijoh Yukio , Hayashizaki Yoshihide , Hamada Hiroshi 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn the process of left–right (L‐R) axis formation in the mouse, the node plays a critical role as a structure where the initial breaking of L‐R symmetry occurs. Here, we report on the gene LPlunc1, a member of BPI/PLUNC gene superfamily, which is asymmetrically expressed in the developing mouse node. LPlunc1 protein is secreted as a processed form of relative molecular mass 54K‐60K and shares sequence features with the other members of BPI/PLUNC superfamily, including the N‐terminal and C‐terminal homology domains, each of which is considered to form a lipid binding pocket. LPlunc1 is transiently expressed in the crown cells of the node asymmetrically. This expression pattern of Lplunc1 highly overlaps with that of Nodal, a major player during the L‐R formation. Interestingly, this asymmetric expression pattern is randomized in the iv mutant and reversed in the inv mutant, indicating that LPlunc1 is downstream of iv and inv. Our results suggest a link between lipid binding/transfer and the axis development. Developmental Dynamics 229:373–379, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calcineurin signaling in avian cardiovascular development
Authors: Liberatore Christine M. , Yutzey Katherine E. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractExperiments were initiated in avian embryos to determine the embryonic expression of calcineurin protein phosphatase isoforms as well as to identify developmental processes affected by inhibition of calcineurin signal transduction. Chicken calcineurin A alpha (CnAα) and calcineurin A beta (CnAβ) are differentially expressed in the developing cardiovascular system, including primitive heart tube and valve primordia. Inhibition of calcineurin signaling by cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment in ovo resulted in distinct cardiovascular malformations, depending on the timing and localization of treatment. Initial formation of the heart tube was apparently normal in embryos treated with CsA from embryonic day (E)1 to E2, but hallmarks of heart failure were apparent with treatment from E2 to E3. Vascular defects were apparent in whole embryos treated on either day, but local administration of CsA directly to the forming vessels on E2 did not inhibit blood vessel formation. This observation supports an indirect effect of calcineurin inhibition on angiogenic remodeling as a result of compromised heart development. Together these studies are consistent with multiple roles for calcineurin signaling in the developing cardiovascular system. Developmental Dynamics 229:300–311, 2004.© 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early requirement for fgf8 function during hindbrain pattern formation in zebrafish
Authors: Wiellette Elizabeth L. , Sive Hazel 
Published: January 2004

AbstractFibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is required for normal development of the vertebrate brain, including the isthmus and caudal regions of the hindbrain. Recent work in zebrafish has identified a requirement for the combination of fgf3 and fgf8 functions in specification of rhombomeres 5 and 6 (r5, r6), when evaluated at mid‐ and late somitogenesis stages. However, when examined earlier in development, during early somitogenesis stages, FGF8 alone is required to initiate r5 and r6 development. Both a mutation in fgf8 and injection of fgf8‐targeted antisense morpholino‐modified oligonucleotides result in suppression of genes normally expressed in r5 and r6 by the one‐ to two‐somite stage. This expression recovers by the six‐somite stage, and we propose that this recovery is a response to activation of fgf3 and to delayed accumulation of fgf8. These data demonstrate an early, nonredundant requirement for fgf8 function in hindbrain patterning. Developmental Dynamics 229:393–399, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Error patterns in word reading among primary school children: A cross‐orthographic study
Authors: Guron Louise Miller , Lundberg Ingvar 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA comparative investigation of word reading efficiency indicates that different strategies may be used by English and Swedish early readers. In a first study, 328 native English speakers from UK Years 3 and 6 completed a pen‐and‐paper word recognition task (the Wordchains test). Results were analysed for frequency and type of errors committed. A sample of 123 chronological‐age‐matched Swedish children carried out the same task on a matched Swedish test. For a sub‐sample of 68 English/Swedish pairs matched on word recognition score and sex, significant differences were observed in a comparison of average and low scorers from the two language groups. The English children attempted more task items and committed more errors, while the Swedish group corrected their errors more, suggesting a difference in approach to the task. A second study of a larger Swedish sample (241 participants) found the same pattern of errors as Study 1. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the effects of orthographic depth and morphemic complexity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proposal of a shaped optical antenna realized as a lower‐order aspheric surface approximation
Authors: Uo Toyoaki , Toda Tomoaki , Takano Tadashi 
Published: January 2004

AbstractOptical antennas used for point‐to‐point communication in optical intersatellite communication must have high aperture efficiency. By means of the reflector surface shaping method, it is possible to design an antenna with high aperture efficiency and low side lobes. However, the reflector surface becomes a nonspherical surface described by a higher‐order polynomial and is very susceptible to errors in the manufacturing process. This paper proposes a shaped optical antenna whose shaped surface is described without a higher‐order polynomial but with a nonspherical surface of the lowest order. The error characteristics are compared with those of the conventional shaped antenna. It is demonstrated that the proposed shaped optical antenna not only is more easily fabricated but also possesses almost identical error robustness to a nonshaped antenna. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(5): 62–74, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10145
Application of modal polarization current model method to dielectric resonator antennas
Authors: Inoue Takashi , Inagaki Naoki , Kikuma Nobuyoshi 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe polarization current model method (PCMM), a volume integral equation method, has been used for the analysis of electromagnetic field scattering by a dielectric body and of radiation from a dielectric body. The authors have proposed the total domain method of moments, namely, the mode expansion polarization current model method (M‐PCMM), in which the polarization current density is expanded in spherical wave functions, and have applied it to the analysis of dielectric body scattering. In the present paper, this M‐PCMM is applied to the analysis of dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) in which a rectangular dielectric body is excited by a wire probe. The results are compared with the measured data. They are also compared with those obtained by Ansoft's HFSS, in which the finite element method is used for analysis by an approximation using a dielectric waveguide model. The three methods of analysis provide sufficient results for the resonant frequencies and the unloaded Qs. In addition, the M‐PCMM and HFSS provide results close to the measured values of the gain and the radiation efficiency. It is confirmed that a slight change of the spacing between the dielectric body and the external probe can affect the DRA characteristics significantly. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(5): 42–51, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10152
Loss‐resilient layered multicast using forward error correction
Authors: Ichikawa Toshikazu , Asatani Koichi , Tominaga Hideyoshi 
Published: January 2004

AbstractRate control for multicasting is required for multipoint distribution of video over the Internet. In this paper, we focus on the video image quality during playback and propose layered multicast rate control using error correcting codes. First, we identify the severe degradation problem in the playback quality of the transmitted video due to packet losses resulting from congestion when transmitting high‐quality video using conventional techniques. To address this problem, we propose a method adopting the parity generated by the error correcting code in addition to the rate control in order to maintain the video image quality. We perform a simulation to show that the proposed method enables rate control that prevents the degradation in quality caused by congestion. Furthermore, we find the optimum block size of the error correcting code with respect to the control latency, and quantitatively evaluate the packet loss ratio and transmission efficiency with respect to the system scale and the transmission efficiency with respect to the layer increment ratio. We also develop a layer coding technique and study the optimum error correcting code in real‐time processing by the software and its implementability. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(5): 29–41, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10156
An authentication architecture for collaboration among agents in ad hoc networks
Authors: Okataku Yasukuni , Yoshioka Nobukazu , Honiden Shinichi 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper proposes an authentication architecture for collaboration among agents in a network environment without security assurance. The architecture requires that there should exist at least one secure node (oasis node). The oasis node generates the same number of authentication codes as the number of objects of authentication, using random numbers and agent information, and distributes the codes among the agents. The agents gather at the specified oasis node and obtain verification by the oasis node, based on the distributed random value and the authentication code. In the authentication architecture proposed in this paper, the random number and the authentication code are publicized information which can be compromised by eavesdropping. But the algorithm for generation and verification of the authentication code is not publicized. The architecture is suited for handling authentication processing in ad hoc collaboration among an unspecified number of agents. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(5): 11–19, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10165
Development of MIM/Ta2O5capacitor process for 0.10‐µm DRAM
Authors: Asano Isamu , Nakamura Yoshitaka , Hiratani Masahiko , Nabatame Toshihide , Iijima Shinpei , Saeki Tomonori , Futase Takuya , Yamomoto Satoshi , Saito Tatsuyuki , Sekiguchi Toshihiro 
Published: January 2004

AbstractAs the fabrication dimension becomes smaller, it becomes increasingly difficult to ensure storage capacitance for DRAM. For this reason, a capacitor process using high‐permittivity insulating films is strongly desired. In the research reported here, an MIM/tantalum pentoxide capacitor process is developed with ruthenium as an electrode material. The ruthenium CVD technique, the use of amorphous tantalum nitride as anti‐oxide barrier metal, and a contamination elimination process using periodic acid have been developed. By packaging as 0.13‐µm DRAM, capacitance performance equivalent to silica film is realized with a film thickness of 0.8 nm. The process is considered to be applicable to 0.10‐µm DRAM. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(2): 26–36, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10111
New delta arranged cell configuration of AC plasma display “DIA‐PDP” for high luminous efficiency and high resolution
Authors: Harada Shigeki , Yura Shinsuke , Morikawa Kazutoshi , Sano Ko 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA new delta arranged cell‐configured AC plasma display (DIA‐PDP) was proposed, and a prototype 46‐inch diagonal panel was fabricated. The DIA‐PDP has two features. The first feature is an improved luminous efficiency. This is possible because nondischarge cells are formed in the panel and a black layer is formed on these cells. Since the light from the discharge cells does not reach the nondischarge cells, even if a black layer is provided on the nondischarge cells, the panel reflectance can be reduced without lowering the luminance. When compared under the condition of a constant set reflectivity, the luminous efficiency improves. A 33% improvement over the conventional ratio was verified for the 46‐inch panel. The second feature is improved vertical resolution. In the delta configuration, the subpixels are arranged at half the pitch of the scanning lines. By combining this configuration with an interlaced drive, the vertical resolution can be improved. To increase the size of a PDP using a lattice rib, we introduced a new rib forming technology and improved the exhaust conductance. Previously, the manufacturing steps increased to form the exhaust path in the lattice rib. In the new rib forming method, the exhaust conductance was successfully improved without increasing the number of manufacturing steps only for forming the crossing ribs in the nondischarge cells and by producing height differences caused by thermal shrinkage. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(2): 9–17, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10169