bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The quality movement in higher education in the United States
Authors: SHIPP BUCHANAN HOLLY 
Published: March 2003

Continuous quality improvement (CQI), often implemented as part of an integrated management system called total quality management (TQM), has been institutionalized within many manufacturing, military and service organizations in the USA as a response to declining market share, low productivity and customer complaints about poor quality. Signs and symptoms suggest that higher education has similar problems which are systemic and relate to the quality of higher education, financing, facilities, curriculum and graduates. In the 1990s, the quality movement has begun to spread to the field of education as a means of diagnosing and treating the problems widely recognized as residing in US educational institutions, especially in colleges and universities.Many business leaders and authors believe that ‘quality is the most important strategic issue facing top management in the 1990s’.1 This belief arises partly due to the fact that managers are beginning to understand the relationship between healthy, high quality organizations and healthy profits. This article traces the recent US quality movement from its roots in manufacturing and the military, its adoption by service institutions, and its more recent application by higher education institutions.
Human development: competencies for the 21st century. IFLA CPERT 3rd International Conference on Continuing Professional Education
Authors: BRYANT SUE LACEY 
Published: March 2003

In 1996 the Health Libraries Group, wishing to enhance knowledge and support the development of the profession, agreed to provide funds for an annual scholarship for travel to a conference, for research or for a study visit. The Committee also felt it important to encourage applicants to take an active role in securing funds from other sources in order to demonstrate the degree of their commitment to the profession. The scholarship was advertised and the response was encouraging. The first award was made to Sue Lacey Bryant for her application to attend and present a paper at the 3rd International Conference on Continuing Professional Education, held in Copenhagen in August 1997. Part of the requirement is that the successful candidate writes a report, Sue's report follows.JUDY PALMER Chair: Health Libraries Group 1994–96.
Cutaneous lung tissue heterotopia
Authors: Singer  , Haag  , Anabitarte  
Published: March 2003

Aims:We describe the clinical and pathological findings of a previously unreported cutaneous lung tissue heterotopia in a child.Case details:The 3‐year‐old female patient developed a 8‐mm secreting papule over her left scapula. Pathological examination revealed a lesion composed of bronchioles and alveoli within the subcutis and the dermis, with bronchiolar connection to the epidermis. Alveolar type II cells indicating full pulmonary differentiation were detected with a monoclonal antibody (AMH 152).Conclusions:The described features suggest that this lesion is a unique variant of rarely observed bronchus‐like entities of the skin, designated as cutaneous bronchogenic cysts or cutaneous branchial cleft cysts.
Detection of P‐glycoprotein in frozen and paraffin‐embedded gastric adenocarcinoma tissues using a panel of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Lacueva  , Teruel  , Calpena  , Medrano  , Mayol  , Perez‐Vazquez  , Rufete  , Camarasa  , Ferragut  
Published: March 2003

Aims:Most chemotherapeutic regimens used against gastric carcinoma include anthracyclines whose effectiveness can be impaired by the presence of P‐glycoprotein. In order to obtain a reliable pattern of P‐glycoprotein expression in these tumours an immunohistochemical study using a panel of anti‐P‐glycoprotein antibodies was performed in frozen and paraffinized tissues.Methods and results:Frozen and paraffinized samples from 25 gastric carcinomas were immunohistochemically analysed using a panel of four anti‐P‐glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies including C219, MRK16, JSB‐1 and C494. Semiquantitative analysis indicated that moderate or high P‐glycoprotein levels were detected in 40% to 76% of gastric adenocarcinomas, depending on the anti‐P‐glycoprotein antibody used. The antibody C494 was the most sensitive in detecting P‐glycoprotein in both frozen and paraffinized gastric carcinoma samples. Moreover, C494 showed a pattern of staining exclusively associated with the plasma membrane, in contrast to the cytoplasmic with reinforcement of plasma membrane pattern displayed by the other three antibodies. Significant differences in P‐glycoprotein levels were obtained when C494 and MRK16 were used in frozen tissues. Finally, detection of P‐glycoprotein in frozen samples did not improve when compared to paraffinized ones.Conclusions:It appears that P‐glycoprotein is frequently expressed in gastric adenocarcinomas, and the use of C494 complemented by JSB‐1 is recommended for reliable detection of P‐glycoprotein in this neoplasm.
Intrahepatic bile duct loss in primary sclerosing cholangitis: a quantitative study
Authors: Casali  , Carbone  , Cavalli  
Published: March 2003

AimsIntrahepatic bile duct volume density has been evaluated in four cases of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) by applying a semiautomatic image analysis system to histological sections of surgical biopsies. Comparison was made between normal livers and cases of primary biliary cirrhosis.Methods and resultsA marked decrease in both bile duct volume density in liver (up to 50% of normal value) and bile duct volume density in portal tracts (up to 21% of normal value) was found. The analysis of correlations between the portal tract size and the portal tract volume fraction constituted by bile ducts confirms that the destruction mainly affects small and medium‐sized ducts. The ratio of bile duct to arterial component volume fractions in portal tracts turned out to be inverted with respect to that determined in normal liver, showing a decrease of up to 30% of normal value.ConclusionsThe features observed in primary sclerosing cholangitis, as well as the extent of bile duct loss proved to be quite similar to what we had previously described in primary biliary cirrhosis. Thus, regardless of the causes and mechanisms leading to the bile duct loss, the quantification of ductopenia produced results which are alike for the two distinct cholestatic diseases.
Apoptosis and expression of bcl‐2 protein are inverse factors influencing tumour cell turnover in primary carcinoid tumours of the lung
Authors: Zirbes T K , Lorenzen J , Baldus S E , Moenig S P , Wolters U , Ottlik A , Thiele J , Hölscher A H , Dienes H P 
Published: March 2003

AimsThis study evaluates potential regulating factors in primary pulmonary carcinoid tumours, 16 typical and four atypical samples, with special emphasis on apoptosis and the bcl‐2 gene family. Furthermore, p53‐related oncogenes were analysed in a search for associated biological parameters.Methods and resultsThe in‐situ end‐labelling technique (ISEL) was used to determine apoptotic cells, in addition to immunohistochemical methods, which were used to investigate the expression of the Ki67 antigen (avidin–biotin complex (ABC) method) and bcl‐2, bcl‐x, p53, p21/waf1, p27 and mdm‐2 proteins (catalysed reporter deposition (CARD) technique). The incidence of apoptotic tumour cells was significantly enhanced in typical carcinoids. The bcl‐2 protein was expressed to a higher degree in atypical carcinoids, which displayed a higher proliferative capacity as well. In contrast, bcl‐x was observed predominantly in so‐called typical carcinoids. The tumour cell turnover index was the most distinguishing parameter between both entities. All carcinoid tumours failed to show a staining for p53, p21/waf, p27 and mdm‐2 proteins.ConclusionsThe different biological behaviour of the carcinoid tumours under study seems to be influenced by the bcl‐2 gene family preventing programmed cell death. We speculate that this results in a more aggressive course in atypical carcinoid tumours.
Distinct clonal origin of low‐grade MALT‐type and high‐grade lesions of a multifocal gastric lymphoma
Authors: Matolcsy  , Nagy  , Kisfaludy  , Kelényi  
Published: March 2003

AimsLow‐grade mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and high‐grade B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the stomach may occur simultaneously. To determine the clonal relationship between these tumours, we compared the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH) rearrangements of low and high‐grade components of a multifocal gastric NHL.Methods and resultsThe complementary determining region 3 (CDR3) of the IgH gene rearrangements were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified, cloned and sequenced. The analysis of the CDR3 sequences rearranged by tumour cells of low‐grade MALT and the high‐grade NHL revealed different nucleic acid sequences.ConclusionThese findings suggest that low‐grade MALT and high‐grade B‐cell components of multifocal gastric NHL may represent unrelated clones.
Phenotypic and cytotoxic characteristics of peripheral T‐cell and NK‐cell lymphomas in relation to Epstein–Barr virus association
Authors: Chan  , W Y Ho  , Chiang  , Srivastava  
Published: March 2003

AimsWe investigated the phenotypic and cytotoxic characteristics of different types of peripheral T‐cell and NK‐cell lymphomas and correlated the findings of cytotoxic phenotype with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) association.Methods and resultsEighty cases of peripheral T‐cell and NK‐cell lymphomas, classified according to the REAL classification, were investigated for cytotoxic phenotype (by studying T‐cell intracellular antigen‐1 (TIA‐1) expression immunohistochemically) and EBV association (by in situ hybridization for EBV‐encoded small non‐polyadenylated RNAs), and the results were correlated with the specific clinicopathological types and the immunophenotype with special emphasis on CD56 expression and CD4/CD8 status. Overall, 39/80 cases (49%) expressed TIA‐1. Angiocentric lymphoma (23/24 cases; 96%), aggressive NK‐cell leukaemia (‘large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukaemia’) (3/3 cases; 100%), intestinal T‐cell lymphoma (5/6 cases; 83%) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (4/6 cases; 67%) were the major subtypes showing a cytotoxic phenotype. Only four of the 27 cases (15%) of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, unspecified, were TIA‐1+ , while all the seven cases of angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma, six cases of mycosis fungoides and one case of adult T‐cell lymphoma/leukaemia were TIA‐1−.ConclusionsWithin the group of peripheral T‐cell and NK‐cell lymphomas, angiocentric lymphoma, aggressive NK‐cell leukaemia (‘LGL leukaemia’), intestinal T‐cell lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma are the major subtypes displaying a cytotoxic phenotype. The relationships between the cytotoxic phenotype and EBV association, CD56 expression or CD4/CD8 status are secondary to the relationship between cytotoxic phenotype and specific lymphoma subtype.
Papillary renal cell carcinoma with clear cell cytomorphology and chromosomal loss of 3p
Authors: Füzesi L , Gunawan B , Bergmann F , Tack S , Braun S , Jakse G 
Published: March 2003

AimsCytogenetic studies on renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) have disclosed a correlation between chromosome aberrations and histomorphological features. Nevertheless, it is still controversial whether the cytomorphology of the tumour cells (clear cell, chromophilic, chromophobe) or their growth pattern (nonpapillary, papillary) is more discriminative for the combined histomorphological–cytogenetic classification of RCCs.Methods and resultsThree RCCs with papillary growth pattern and clear cell cytomorphology were analysed by classical cytogenetics using standard G‐banding techniques. Each tumour displayed clonal aberrations leading to loss of terminal 3p chromosomal segments. Monosomy 14 was also consistently found. Trisomy 17 was not observed in any of the tumours.ConclusionsThis series of three RCCs consisting of clear cells with papillary architecture revealed chromosomal aberrations characteristic for the conventional (clear cell) RCC. Irrespective of the predominant papillary growth pattern, none of the cases were characterized by trisomy of chromosomes 3q, 7, 8, 12, 16, 17 and 20 and loss of Y chromosome which are widely regarded as the most consistent genetic alterations for papillary RCC. Therefore, our cytogenetic findings provide evidence that papillary clear cell RCCs should be classified according to their cytomorphology rather than their growth pattern even when papillary architecture is prominent.
Enhanced cell kinetics, p53 accumulation and high p21WAF1 expression in chronic cholecystitis: comparison with background mucosa of gallbladder carcinomas
Authors: Yanagisawa  , Mikami  , Koike  , Okayasu  
Published: March 2003

AimsSince neoplasia resulting from chronic inflammation has recently attracted increasing attention, we have investigated surgically removed gallbladders to examine the relationship between chronic cholecystitis and carcinogenesis.Methods and resultsThe mucosa of 108 cholecystectomy specimens without gallbladder cancer and 54 surgically resected gallbladder carcinomas were classified into three groups according to the degree of lymphocytic infiltration, and assessed immunohistochemically for Ki67, p53, p21WAF1 and apoptosis. In gallbladder mucosa without carcinoma, all four parameters tended to increase with the inflammation score (IS). Significantly positive correlations were revealed between Ki67 and p53, Ki67 and p21WAF1, and p53 and p21WAF1. However, in gallbladder carcinoma cases, values of p53 and p21WAF1 for background mucosa were elevated as compared to the mucosa of cholecystitis with low IS, but there was no correlation between their expression and IS, except for Ki67.ConclusionsSevere chronic cholecystitis is associated with acceleration of epithelial cell turnover, damaged cells being eliminated by apoptosis. The background mucosa of gallbladder carcinomas showed similar cell proliferative activity (Ki67) to that in cholecystitis, with no parallel changes of p53 and p21WAF1 expression, suggesting the possibility of unknown cofactors causing genomic damage.
Immunohistochemical evidence for mesothelial origin of paratesticular adenomatoid tumour
Authors: Delahunt  , Eble  , King  , Bethwaite  , Nacey  , Thornton  
Published: March 2003

AimsTo investigate the histogenesis of paratesticular adenomatoid tumour by use of immunohistochemical markers for a variety of carcinomas and mesothelioma.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemical staining of sections from 12 cases of paratesticular adenomatoid tumour was undertaken using primary antibodies to antigens expressed by benign epithelial cells and carcinoma (cytokeratin AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 34ßE12, epithelial membrane antigen, MOC‐31, Ber‐EP4, CEA, B72.3, LEA.135, Leu M1), stromal and vascular markers (vimentin, CD34, factor VIII), and mesothelioma‐associated antigens (thrombomodulin, HBME‐1, OC 125) and p53 protein. There was absence of immunohistochemical expression of epithelial/carcinoma markers MOC‐31, Ber‐EP4, CEA, B72.3, LEA.135, Leu M1 and to factor VIII and CD34. All tumours expressed cytokeratin AE1/AE3, epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin, with weak expression of cytokeratin 34ßE12 in 25% of tumours. Each tumour showed expression of thrombomodulin, HBME‐1 and OC 125 in a membranous distribution. p53 protein expression was not detected.ConclusionsThe immunohistochemical profile of paratesticular adenomatoid tumour is strongly supportive of a mesothelial cell origin.
Immunoreactivity for cadherins, HGF/SF, met, and erbB‐2 in pleural malignant mesotheliomas
Authors: Thirkettle I , Harvey P , Hasleton P S , Ball R Y , Warn R M 
Published: March 2003

AimsTo assess the immunoreactivity of malignant mesotheliomas for N‐ and E‐cadherins, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) and the tyrosine kinase receptors, met and erbB‐2.Methods and resultsPleural malignant mesotheliomas were stained using a standard indirect immunoperoxidase method applied to paraffin sections. Malignant mesotheliomas were immunoreactive for N‐cadherin (26/29; 90%), met (29/29; 100%) and erbB‐2 (28/29; 97%). Focal immunoreactivity was present for E‐cadherin in epithelioid or mixed tumours (14/25; 56%), and for HGF/SF (9/24; 38%).ConclusionsExpression of N‐cadherin supports the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma and use of appropriate antibodies would be a useful addition to a diagnostic antibody panel. Focal staining for E‐cadherin does not exclude mesothelioma. Signalling pathways mediated via met and erbB‐2 may play a role in the growth and spread of malignant mesotheliomas.
Merkel cell tumour with leiomyosarcomatous differentiation
Authors: Cooper L , DeBono R , Alsanjari N , Al‐Nafussi A 
Published: March 2003

Aims: To report and confirm the identity of tumour cells showing leiomyosarcomatous differentiation in a regional lymph node containing metastatic Merkel cell tumour.Methods and resultsA 79‐year‐old woman was found to have metastatic Merkel cell tumour within an axillary lymph node 4 months after excision of the primary tumour from the forearm. The lymph node was effaced by tumour identical to that of the primary tumour but there was an additional focus of loose spindle cells. Immunocytochemical staining showed the coexpression of cytokeratin 20, neurofilament and desmin in these sarcomatous cells.ConclusionThis, to the best of our knowledge, is the first report of Merkel cell carcinoma showing sarcomatous differentiation, and adds to the expanding morphological spectrum of malignant biphasic tumours.
Gastric adenomas and superficial adenocarcinomas display distinct patterns of mucin carbohydrate and core protein expression
Authors: Wang Y‐Z , Mitomi H , Kurihara M , Ishihara K , Hotta K , Tanigawa H , Okayasu I 
Published: March 2003

AimsTo investigate the histogenetic relationship between gastric epithelial neoplasms we studied differences in expression of mucin carbohydrate antigens and mucin core protein, in normal and metaplastic gastric mucosa, and in gastric adenomas and superficial adenocarcinomas.Methods and resultsWe generated four monoclonal antibodies, including HGM72/75 against human gastric mucin and HCM14/21 against human colonic mucin, and investigated immunoreactivities of these antibodies and MUC2 protein expression in normal and metaplastic gastric mucosa, adenomas (15 samples) and superficial adenocarcinomas (intestinal‐type, 77; diffuse‐type, 59 samples). HGM72 reacted with mucous neck cells of the fundic glands and with pyloric glandular cells whereas HGM75 stained foveolar cells and metaplastic goblet cells. Weak binding of HCM14/21 and strong staining with MUC2 were found in metaplastic goblet cells. Binding of HGM75, HCM14, MUC2, but not HGM72 was high in adenomas. An equivalent staining with HGM72 and HGM75 with low expression of MUC2 and HCM14 was shown in intestinal‐type carcinomas while the diffuse‐type demonstrated more strong reactivity with HGM75 than with HGM72, MUC2 and HCM14. Little binding of HCM21 was observed in any specimens.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that adenomas predominantly have a intestinal phenotype, but both types of adenocarcinomas retain some cells with a gastric phenotype during the early steps of neoplastic development.
HSP70 is selectively over‐expressed in the blast cells of the germinal centres and paracortex in reactive lymph nodes
Authors: Leopardi O , Naughten W , Giannulis I , Mirra M , Frigo B 
Published: March 2003

HSP70 is selectively over‐expressed in the blast cells of the germinal centres and paracortex in reactive lymph nodes Aims: We evaluated by immunohistochemistry HSP70 expression in reactive lymph nodes since its morphological expression and location have not been previously described and correlated with lymphocyte kinetics. Methods and Results: Ninety‐six cases of non‐specific lymphadenitis were immunostained for HSP70, CD20, CD3, Ki67, Bcl‐2, CD21. The type and the location of HSP70‐positive cells were determined. Their number out of 2000 cells in each germinal centre and in each paracortical area was counted at 60× magnification with the help of a quantitative grid. Seventeen percent of germinal centre cells and 7.6% of the paracortex cells were positive. This difference was highly significant. The positively reacting cells were B‐cells and had a blast (centroblast or immunoblast) morphology, with negative mantle and marginal lymphocytes and T‐cells. Lymphoplasmacytoid cells and plasma cells reacted only weakly or were negative. Germinal centre antigen‐presenting cells and interdigitating dendritic cells reacted from lightly to moderately. Conclusions: HSP70 was selectively over‐expressed by B‐blasts mainly located within germinal centres with a lower number in the paracortex. The difference in the mean number between the two sites was statistically highly significant. No correlation was found with bcl‐2 and Ki67 expression. Mantle, marginal and T‐lymphocytes were always negative. The biological meaning and role of this over‐expression in centroblasts and immunoblasts remain to be elucidated.
Enhanced expression of decay‐accelerating factor and CD59/homologous restriction factor 20 in intestinal metaplasia, gastric adenomas and intestinal‐type gastric carcinomas but not in diffuse‐type carcinomas
Authors: Kiso T , Mizuno M , Nasu J , Shimo K , Uesu T , Yamamoto K , Okada H , Fujita T , Tsuji T 
Published: March 2003

Enhanced expression of decay‐accelerating factor and CD59/homologous restriction factor 20 in intestinal metaplasia, gastric adenomas and intestinal‐type gastric carcinomas but not in diffuse‐type carcinomas Aims: Variable expression of the complement regulatory proteins, decay‐accelerating factor, CD59/homologous restriction factor 20 (HRF20) and membrane cofactor protein has been shown in human gastrointestinal malignancies, but their expression in gastric cancer has not been fully described. Thus, we immunohistochemically defined the distribution of these proteins in human normal gastric mucosa, intestinal metaplasia, adenomas and gastric cancers. Methods and results: Gastric tissues were obtained by endoscopic biopsy or surgical resection and stained with mouse monoclonal antibodies to decay‐accelerating factor, CD59/HRF20, and membrane cofactor protein. In the normal gastric mucosa, membrane cofactor protein was diffusely stained on the basolateral surface of epithelial cells, whereas the expression of decay‐accelerating factor and CD59/HRF20 was inconspicuous. In intestinal metaplasia, adenoma and intestinal‐type gastric carcinoma cells, decay‐accelerating factor and HRF20 were intensely stained on the apical surface; membrane cofactor protein retained its location on the basolateral surface. In diffuse‐type gastric carcinomas, the expression of decay‐accelerating factor, CD59/HRF20 was lost, but membrane cofactor protein was present on the tumour cell surface. Conclusions: These findings suggest that membrane cofactor protein plays a primary role in the regulation of complement activation in normal and neoplastic gastric cells and that the expression pattern of the complement regulatory proteins is closely related to gastric carcinoma development.