bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Prosodic Timing Structure on Unison Production in People With Aphasia
Authors: Kershenbaum Ayelet M. , Galassi Maria , Shattuck-Hufnagel Stefanie , Bachan Savetrie , Zipse Lauryn 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
Unison production is a common aphasia treatment technique in which the clinician and the person with aphasia (PWA) produce phrases aloud together. It can be implemented using a typical “conversational,” syntax-influenced prosodic timing structure, or with a “metrical,” beat-based timing structure, but to date no study has directly compared these two approaches. This study compared the effects of metrical versus conversational prosodic timing during unison production on the (a) accuracy of participants' spoken output and (b) timing alignment of participants' productions with the stimuli.

Method:
PWAs and controls listened to conversationally timed and metrically timed sentences and repeated them in unison with audio recordings. Productions were transcribed and scored in two ways: (a) Accuracy was calculated as the percentage of correctly produced syllables, and (b) timing alignment was determined by extracting the voice onset moment of identical target syllables in the unison stimuli and participant productions in both conditions and comparing the corresponding time points.

Results:
Metrical timing yielded a greater number of accurate syllables in both groups, with larger effect in PWAs than in controls. Both groups exhibited more anticipatory, less variable timing when speaking along with metrical stimuli, though evidence of such prediction was also present in the conversational condition.

Conclusions:
Results suggest that unison production works via entrainment—a process that utilizes prediction to guide synchronous production of spoken output. Metrically regular stimuli may facilitate this process as they are more rhythmically predictable. Future work will examine key behavioral variables that predict benefit from unison production and metrical timing.
A Balancing Act: How School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists Navigate Their Efforts Related to Individual Education Plans and Multi-Tiered Systems of Support
Authors: Sylvan Lesley , Kingsley Harmony , Bartolett Grace , Gouck Madeleine 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in public schools have a key role in assessment, intervention, program design, compliance, and prevention. They address the needs of students of all ages and disorders, ensure the educational relevance of their services, and provide culturally competent care. Given the scope of their work, SLPs must balance and prioritize their varying responsibilities in school settings. This study investigates how SLPs navigate their involvement with the prevention-oriented framework Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) while providing direct support to students with disabilities through Individualized Education Programs (IEPs).

Method:
This study took place in a district with a stated goal for the academic year of deepening their involvement with the MTSS framework. Eight SLPs working in this rural district participated in a series of interviews over the course of the 2022–2023 school year. Qualitative data were collected about SLPs' motivations and evolving views related to MTSS.

Results:
While participants in this study were motivated to engage in MTSS because they viewed this framework as a useful mechanism to support students outside of special education, they were limited by time constraints and the challenges of forming collaborative relationships. Each participant navigated the process of balancing their efforts related to MTSS and IEPs in a unique way that reflected their specific setting and circumstances.

Conclusion:
This study directly investigated how SLPs navigate this balancing act in real time and provided a novel perspective on the potential synergies and disconnects between SLPs' efforts related to MTSS and their responsibilities related to providing appropriate speech-language services via IEPs.
Cut2Self: A single image based self‐supervised denoiser
Authors: Iqbal Md. Tauhid Bin , Jubyrea  , Ryu Byungyong , Bae Sung‐Ho 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite the recent upsurge of self‐supervised methods in single image denoising, achieving robustness and efficiency of performance is still challenging due to some prevalent issues like identity mapping, overfitting, and increased variance of network predictions. Recent self‐supervised approaches prescribe a dropout‐based single‐pixel masking strategy in this regard. However, real camera noise is signal‐dependent, and typically poses trivial changes to the images. Hence, such a strategy still preserves contextual information about target location even after dropping them out, leading to an identity mapping and overfitting problems in practice. Here, Cut2Self, a new denoising method to address this issue, which cuts out random block‐regions instead of singleton pixels to provide the higher possibility to remove contextual information from the neighbouring pixels, thus reducing identity mapping chances while being resilient against overfitting is proposed. Cut2Self creates distinct training pairs for each training iteration by randomly cutting out square regions of input and sending them to the denoising network. Thus, iteration‐wise different network predictions are generated, which are then assembled to generate the final denoised output. Cut2Self is evaluated with synthetic and real‐world noise, visualising its consistent denoising performance compared to other supervised, unsupervised, and self‐supervised methods.
MHD modelling of coronal streamers and their oscillations
Authors: Sorokina D. , Van Doorsselaere T. , Talpeanu D.-C. , Poedts S. 
Published: November 2023

Context. The present work investigates solar coronal dynamics in particular streamer waves. Streamer waves are transverse oscillations of the streamer stalk, often generated by the passage of a coronal mass ejection (CME). Recent observational studies infer that the streamer wave is an eigenmode of the streamer plasma slab and an excellent candidate for coronal seismology.
Aims. In the present work, we aim to numerically investigate the theoretical concepts of the physics and properties of streamer waves and to complement the observational statistical analysis of these events.
Methods. We used the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) module of MPI-AMRVAC. An adaptive mesh refinement scheme was employed to achieve high resolution for the streamer structure. All the simulations were computed on the same base grid with the same numerical methods. We considered a dipole magnetic field on the Sun and a uniformly accelerating solar wind. We introduced a θ-velocity perturbation within our computational domain in the plane of a streamer to excite the transverse motion.
Results. A numerical model for the streamer wave phenomena was constructed in the framework of 2.5D MHD. We performed a parameter study and identified a sensitivity of the streamer dynamics to the background solar wind speed, the characteristics of the perturbation, and the input parameters for the model, such as temperature and magnetic field. We performed a statistical analysis and compared the obtained modelling results with the database of such events from observations from three different coronagraphs. We observed a narrow range of phase speeds and a correlation between wavelength and period. This is consistent with the observations and supports the idea that the streamer wave is an eigenmode of the streamer plasma slab. The measured phase speed is consistently significantly higher than the speed calculated from the measured period and wavelength. The simple fit, when the difference between these two speeds is exactly the background solar wind speed, only matches a small fraction of the data. The obtained results indicate that further investigation is required into the Doppler shift effect in the MHD theory for coronal seismology.
Solar wind entry into Mercury’s magnetosphere: Simulation results for the second swingby of BepiColombo
Authors: Teubenbacher D. , Exner W. , Feyerabend M. , Narita Y. , Schmid D. , Laky G. , Toepfer S. , Motschmann U. , Bourdin P. A. , Comişel H. 
Published: November 2023

Context. We use a global 3D hybrid plasma model to investigate the interaction between Mercury’s magnetosphere and the solar wind for the second BepiColombo swingby, evaluate magnetospheric regions, and study the typical energy profile of protons.
Aims. The objective of this study is to gain a better understanding of solar wind entry and analyze simulated plasma data along a trajectory using BepiColombo swingby 2 conditions, with the goal of enhancing our comprehension of measurement data and potentially providing forecasts for future swingbys.
Methods. To model Mercury’s plasma environment, we used the hybrid code AIKEF and developed a method to extract the particle (ion) data in order to compute the proton energy spectrum along the trajectory of BepiColombo during its second Mercury swingby on June 23, 2022. We evaluate magnetopause and bow shock stand-off distances under average upstream solar wind conditions with the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) condition derived from the BepiColombo magnetic field measurements during the second Mercury swingby.
Results. We found that the magnetosheath on the quasi-perpendicular (dusk) side of the bow shock is thicker than that on the quasi-parallel (dawn) side, where a foreshock is formed. Multiple plasma populations can be extracted from our modeled energy spectra that assist in identifying magnetospheric regions. We observed protons of solar wind origin entering Mercury’s magnetosphere. Their energies range from a few electron volts in the magnetosphere up to 10 keV in the magnetosheath.
Skewness and kurtosis of solar wind proton distribution functions: The normal inverse-Gaussian model and its implications
Authors: Louarn P. , Fedorov A. , Prech L. , Owen C. J. , D’Amicis R. , Bruno R. , Livi S. , Lavraud B. , Rouillard A. P. , Génot V. , André N. , Fruit G. , Réville V. , Kieokaew R. , Plotnikov I. , Penou E. , Barthe A. , Lewis G. , Berthomier M. , Allegrini F. , Alterman B. L. , Lepri S. T. , Raines J. M. , Verscharen D. , Mele G. , Fargette N. , Horbury T. S. , Maksimovic M. , Kasper J. C. , Bale S. D. 
Published: November 2023

Context.In the solar wind (SW), the particle distribution functions are generally not Gaussian. They present nonthermal features that are related to underlying acceleration and heating processes. These processes are critical in the overall dynamics of this expanding astrophysical fluid.Aims.The Proton Alpha Sensor (PAS) on board Solar Orbiter commonly observes skewed proton distributions, with a more populated high-energy side in the magnetic field direction than the Gaussian distribution. Our objectives are: (1) to identify a theoretical statistical function that adequately models the observed distributions and (2) to use its statistical interpretation to constrain the acceleration and heating processes.Methods.We analyzed the 3D velocity distribution functions (VDFs) measured by PAS and compared them to model statistical functions.Results.We show that the normal inverse Gaussian (NIG), a type of hyperbolic statistical distribution, provides excellent fits of skewed and leptokurtic proton distributions. NIG can model both the core distribution and the beam, if present. We propose an interpretation that is inspired by the mathematical formulation of the NIG. It assumes that the acceleration or heating mechanism can be modeled as a drifting diffusion process in velocity space, controlled (or subordinated) by the time of interaction of the particles with “accelerating structures”. The probability function of the interaction time is an inverse Gaussian (IG), obtained by considering a random drift across structures of a given size. The control of the diffusion by interaction times that follow an IG probability function formally defines the NIG distribution. Following this model, we show that skewness and kurtosis can be used to estimate the kinetic and thermal energy gains provided by the interaction with structures. For example, in the case studies presented here, the analyzed populations would have gained kinetic energy representing approximately two to four times their thermal energy, with an increase in velocity – due to acceleration – of from one-tenth to one-third of the observed flow velocity. We also show that the model constrains the initial temperature of the populations.Conclusions.Overall, the NIG model offers excellent fits of the observed proton distributions. Combining the skewness and the kurtosis, it also leads to constraints in the part of acceleration and heating due to the interactions with structures in the formation of the proton populations. We suggest that these effects add to the classical thermal evolution of the bulk velocity and temperature resulting from SW expansion.
Das deutsche Transplantationsmärchen: Und wenn sie nicht
gestorben sind, dann warten sie noch heute
Authors: Blasczyk Rainer 
Published: November 2023

Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,wenn Organspenden Flugtickets wären, dann würde man überall
in Europa Erste Klasse fliegen, nur in Deutschland bliebe man am Boden. Deutschland
bleibt weit hinter seinen Möglichkeiten zurück. Organspende rettet
Leben, aber nirgendwo in Europa so wenig wie in Deutschland. Unsere hochmodernen
Tests für Verträglichkeitsprüfung und
Transplantationsmonitoring? Eine technologische Meisterleistung, die jedoch in der
Praxis kaum Früchte trägt. Denn in Deutschland muss man nehmen, was
man kriegen kann, egal wie schlecht die Verträglichkeit ist.
A web-based survey to map the electromyography practice in Brazil
Authors: Neto José Lopes Tabatinga , Basso Gabriela Ejima Mie , Lima David Nunes de , Ferreira Eduardo Soares , Paula Denisse Sales , Leitão Antônio Miguel Furtado , Viana Antonio Brazil , Thomas Florian Patrick , Gondim Francisco de Assis Aquino 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Detailed information about the electromyography practice in Brazil is largely unavailable.
Objective To evaluate where and how electromyography is performed in Brazil, as well as regional disparities and the professional and academic credentials of electromyographers.
Methods We conducted an internet-based survey of active Brazilian electromyographers. The websites of health insurance companies, professional academies, medical cooperatives, online search engines, and social networks in each Brazilian state were screened and we evaluated the credentials of each electromyographer listed in the Brazilian Federal Medical Board (BFMB) registration website and their online curricula vitae in the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, in Portuguese). We also evaluated the same parameters in a control group of non-electromyographer neurologists randomly matched by geographical distribution and gender.
Results We found 469 electromyographers (384 neurologists and 85 non-neurologists), with a male predominance. In total, 81.9% were BFMB-certified neurologists, 49.9%, BFMB-certified clinical neurophysiologists, and 10.4%, BFMB-certified physiatrists. Among the non-neurologists, 48.2% were physiatrists. Most electromyographers practiced in states on the Southern and Southeastern regions of Brazil. When adjusted by population, the Federal District and the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Goiás presented the highest of eletromyographers density. Electromyographers were not more likely to have current/past academic affiliations.
Conclusion In Brazil, electromyography is performed predominantly by neurologists, and half of them are BFMB-certified clinical neurophysiologists. The present study highlights regional disparities and may guide government-based initiatives, for instance, to improve the diagnosis of leprosy and the management of neuromuscular disorders within the Brazilian territory.
How and why do rangeland changes and their underlying drivers differ across Namibia’s two major land-tenure systems?
Authors: Brinkmann Katja , Menestrey Schwieger Diego Augusto , Grieger Lena , Heshmati Sara , Rauchecker Markus 
Published: November 2023

Rangeland degradation, with the loss of perennial grasses and shrub encroachment, negatively affects livestock production and reduces the drought resilience of commercial ranchers and pastoralists in drylands. This situation applies in Namibia, where few attempts have been made to investigate rangeland changes and shrub encroachment across the two major land-tenure systems in the country, namely, freehold and communal land. This study aimed to investigate the inter-relationships among rangeland changes, land tenure and management in Namibia within the past 55 years, by combining remote-sensing analysis, literature review, and interviews. Land-cover classification results revealed different trends in the two tenure systems between 1965 and 2020. Both were affected by shrub invasion. At the onset of the observation period, the percentage of grass-dominated savanna was higher on communal land. Whereas a linear increase in shrubland was observed after 1965 on communal land and on freehold land up to 2001, the shrub encroachment trend on freehold land reversed from 2011, mainly because of de-bushing measures. The most important drivers for rangeland changes and shrub encroachment were related to specific land-management practices and the historical and socio-economic contexts in which they occurred, including various policies associated with colonialism, fire suppression and overgrazing, combined with recurrent droughts. Although farmers on freehold land apply various strategies to combat shrub encroachment, the aftermaths of colonial policies and the issues of common-pool resource management have limited the options of those on communal land to implement such measures. The search for sustainable management options, thus, requires a deeper understanding of their potentials and shortcomings in both land-tenure types; such understanding could be acquired by considering local knowledge and past and current land-use practices. Management options that incorporate the numerous benefits of woody plants and the uses of shrubs hold promise for sustaining livelihoods in both land-tenure systems.
Multi-scale multi-attention network for diabetic retinopathy grading
Authors: Xia Haiying , Long Jie , Song Shuxiang , Tan Yumei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading plays an important role in clinical diagnosis. However, automatic grading of DR is challenging due to the presence of intra-class variation and small lesions. On the one hand, deep features learned by convolutional neural networks often lose valid information about these small lesions. On the other hand, the great variability of lesion features, including differences in type and quantity, can exhibit considerable divergence even among fundus images of the same grade. To address these issues, we propose a novel multi-scale multi-attention network (MMNet). Approach. Firstly, to focus on different lesion features of fundus images, we propose a lesion attention module, which aims to encode multiple different lesion attention feature maps by combining channel attention and spatial attention, thus extracting global feature information and preserving diverse lesion features. Secondly, we propose a multi-scale feature fusion module to learn more feature information for small lesion regions, which combines complementary relationships between different convolutional layers to capture more detailed feature information. Furthermore, we introduce a Cross-layer Consistency Constraint Loss to overcome semantic differences between multi-scale features. Main results. The proposed MMNet obtains a high accuracy of 86.4% and a high kappa score of 88.4% for multi-class DR grading tasks on the EyePACS dataset, while 98.6% AUC, 95.3% accuracy, 92.7% recall, 95.0% precision, and 93.3% F1-score for referral and non-referral classification on the Messidor-1 dataset. Extensive experiments on two challenging benchmarks demonstrate that our MMNet achieves significant improvements and outperforms other state-of-the-art DR grading methods. Significance. MMNet has improved the diagnostic efficiency and accuracy of diabetes retinopathy and promoted the application of computer-aided medical diagnosis in DR screening.
Lumps, solitons and stability analysis for the (3 + 1)-dimensional fractional potential-YTSF-like model in weakly dispersive medium
Authors: Badshah Fazal , Tariq Kalim U , Wazwaz Abdul-Majid , Mehboob Fozia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study, the fractional (3 + 1)-dimensional potential Yu-Toda-Sasa-Fukuyama (YTSF)-like model is being investigated analytically and semi-analytically. The given model is converted into a bilinear form using the Hirota bilinear method. Which refers to the development of lump waves, collisions between lump waves and periodic waves, collisions between lump waves and single- and double-kink soliton solutions, and collisions between lump, periodic, and single- and double-kink soliton solutions. Furthermore, the Adomian technique and the modified extended Tanh function technique are applied to obtain several forms of innovative combinations for the governing dynamical fractional model. In addition, it has been confirmed that the established results are stable, and it has been helpful to validate the calculations. Moreover, multiple intriguing exact solutions are utilized to illustrate the physical nature of 3D, contour, and 2D graphs. A collection of bright, dark, periodic, rational, and elliptic function solutions are obtained for the solution.
Terahertz sensor based on plasmon-induced transparency in a carbon nanotube metamaterial
Authors: Li Yuchang , Wang Wenxing , Chen Fang , Zhang Huafeng , Yang Wenxing , Wang Boyun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) effect based on a carbon nanotube (CNT) resonator structure is achieved. An array of two split ring resonators (SRRs) and a cut wire (CW) resonator are utilized to form the proposed metamaterial. A PIT transparency window is achieved under a TM polarization terahertz light. Results show that the PIT effect is originated from the near-field coupled of the bright mode and dark mode. A coupled harmonic oscillator model is used to describe the near-field coupling between the bright mode and subradiant mode, and the results agree well with the FDTD simulation. The effect of geometrical sizes, like structure period, the radius and the splitting degree of the split ring resonator, the length of the cut wire resonator, and the coupling distance on the PIT window is analyzed in detail. Besides, the sensing and slow light performance of the proposed CNT metamaterial are studied, a maximum sensitivity of 0.74 THz RIU, and a time delay of 0.54 ps are obtained. Therefore, the proposed CNT-based device can be applied to the PIT effect, near-infrared modulators, slow light devices, sensors, and other fields.