bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social-ecological perspective on the suicidal behaviour factors of early adolescents in China: a network analysis
Authors: Li Yuan , Li Peiying , Yuan Mengyuan , Li Yonghan , Zhang Xueying , Chen Juan , Wang Gengfu , Su Puyu 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundIn early adolescence, youth are highly prone to suicidal behaviours. Identifying modifiable risk factors during this critical phase is a priority to inform effective suicide prevention strategies.AimsTo explore the risk and protective factors of suicidal behaviours (ie, suicidal ideation, plans and attempts) in early adolescence in China using a social-ecological perspective.MethodsUsing data from the cross-sectional project ‘Healthy and Risky Behaviours Among Middle School Students in Anhui Province, China’, stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 5724 middle school students who had completed self-report questionnaires in November 2020. Network analysis was employed to examine the correlates of suicidal ideation, plans and attempts at four levels, namely individual (sex, academic performance, serious physical illness/disability, history of self-harm, depression, impulsivity, sleep problems, resilience), family (family economic status, relationship with mother, relationship with father, family violence, childhood abuse, parental mental illness), school (relationship with teachers, relationship with classmates, school-bullying victimisation and perpetration) and social (social support, satisfaction with society).ResultsIn total, 37.9%, 19.0% and 5.5% of the students reported suicidal ideation, plans and attempts in the past 6 months, respectively. The estimated network revealed that suicidal ideation, plans and attempts were collectively associated with a history of self-harm, sleep problems, childhood abuse, school bullying and victimisation. Centrality analysis indicated that the most influential nodes in the network were history of self-harm and childhood abuse. Notably, the network also showed unique correlates of suicidal ideation (sex, weight=0.60; impulsivity, weight=0.24; family violence, weight=0.17; relationship with teachers, weight=−0.03; school-bullying perpetration, weight=0.22), suicidal plans (social support, weight=−0.15) and suicidal attempts (relationship with mother, weight=−0.10; parental mental illness, weight=0.61).ConclusionsThis study identified the correlates of suicidal ideation, plans and attempts, and provided practical implications for suicide prevention for young adolescents in China. Firstly, this study highlighted the importance of joint interventions across multiple departments. Secondly, the common risk factors of suicidal ideation, plans and attempts were elucidated. Thirdly, this study proposed target interventions to address the unique influencing factors of suicidal ideation, plans and attempts.
Surveillance methods and interventions implemented in American Indian and Alaska Native communities to increase child restraint device and seat belt use in motor vehicles: a systematic review
Authors: Virtue Cierra , Goffe Chelsea , Shiang Evelyn , McKenzie Zoann , Shields Wendy 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundAmerican Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) children are disproportionately affected by injuries and deaths related to motor vehicle crashes. We aimed to synthesise published evidence on surveillance methods and interventions implemented in AI/AN communities and analyse characteristics that make them successful in increasing child restraint devices and seat belt use.MethodsStudies were collected from the PubMed, Scopus, and TRID databases and the CDC Tribal Road Safety website, Community Guide, and Indian Health Service registers. Included studies collected primary data on AI/AN children (0–17) and reported morbidity/mortality outcomes related to child restraint devices or seat belt use. Studies with poor methodological quality, published before 2002, whose data were collected outside of the USA, or were non-English, were excluded. Checklists from the Joanna Briggs Institute were used to assess the risk of bias. In the synthesis of results, studies were grouped by whether a surveillance method or intervention was employed.ResultsThe final review included 9 studies covering 72 381 participants. Studies conducted surveillance methods, interventions involving law enforcement only and multipronged interventions. Multipronged approaches were most effective by using the distribution of child restraint devices combined with at least some of the following components: educational programmes, media campaigns, enactment/enforcement of child passenger restraint laws, incentive programmes and surveillance.DiscussionAlthough this review was limited by the number and quality of included studies, available resources suggest that we need multipronged, culturally tailored and sustainable interventions fostered by mutually beneficial and trusting partnerships. Continued investment in AI/AN road safety initiatives is necessary.
Assessment of census-tract level socioeconomic position as a modifier of the relationship between short-term PM2.5exposure and cardiovascular emergency department visits in Missouri
Authors: McCann Zachary H , Chang Howard H , D'Souza Rohan , Scovronick Noah , Ebelt Stefanie 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionAmbient particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) exposure elevates the risk for cardiovascular disease morbidity (CVDM). The aim of this study is to characterise which area-level measures of socioeconomic position (SEP) modify the relationship between PM2.5exposure and CVDM in Missouri at the census-tract (CT) level.MethodsWe use individual level Missouri emergency department (ED) admissions data (n=3 284 956), modelled PM2.5data, and yearly CT data from 2012 to 2016 to conduct a two-stage analysis. Stage one uses a case-crossover approach with conditional logistic regression to establish the baseline risk of ED visits associated with IQR changes in PM2.5. In the second stage, we use multivariate metaregression to examine how CT-level SEP modifies the relationship between ambient PM2.5exposure and CVDM.ResultsWe find that overall, ambient PM2.5exposure is associated with increased risk for CVDM. We test effect modification in statewide and urban CTs, and in the warm season only. Effect modification results suggest that among SEP measures, poverty is most consistently associated with increased risk for CVDM. For example, across Missouri, the highest poverty CTs are at an elevated risk for CVDM (OR=1.010 (95% CI 1.007 to 1.014)) compared with the lowest poverty CTs (OR=1.004 (95% CI 1.000 to 1.008)). Other SEP modifiers generally display an inconsistent or null effect.ConclusionOverall, we find some evidence that area-level SEP modifies the relationship between ambient PM2.5exposure and CVDM, and suggest that the relationship between air-pollution, area-level SEP and CVDM may be sensitive to spatial scale.
Outbreak of lead poisoning from a civilian indoor firing range in the UK
Authors: Warsi Aamna , Pucci Mark Richard , Bradberry Sally Marie , Khan Aleha , Elamin Muhammad Elamin Muhammad Osman 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionLead exposure from discharged lead dust is a recognised risk at firing ranges. We report a lead poisoning outbreak among staff and their close contacts at a UK civilian indoor 24 m firing range.MethodsA retrospective review was undertaken of data collected on all patients at risk of lead poisoning identified either by direct referral to the Clinical Toxicology clinicians at the West Midlands Poisons Unit, or via the Trace Elements Supra-Regional Assay Service Laboratory at Sandwell hospital.ResultsEighty-seven patients were identified as having possible lead exposure, either at the firing range or via close contacts. Of these, 63 patients aged between 6 months and 78 years attended for blood lead concentration (BLC) testing. The highest BLC at presentation was 11.7 µmol/L (242 µg/dL). Only nine patients reported any symptoms at presentation. Fifteen patients received lead chelation therapy with oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (or succimer) 30 mg/kg/day or intravenous sodium calcium edetate (EDTA) 75 mg/kg/day, dependent on stock availability.DiscussionThis report highlights the need for vigilance of lead poisoning as an occupational hazard in the UK, including at recreational facilities such as indoor firing ranges. It emphasises the importance of regulation of lead exposure in the workplace, particularly given the vague symptoms of lead poisoning, and proposes re-appraisal of UK legislation. This report also highlights potential issues surrounding stock availability of rarely used antidotes for uncommon presentations in the event of an outbreak of poisoning.
Naphthenic acid fraction compounds, produced by the extraction of bitumen from oil sands, alter survival and behaviour of juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens)
Authors: Reynolds Jessie S. , Elvidge Chris K. , Vander Meulen Ian J. , Hasler Caleb T. , Frank Richard A. , Headley John V. , Hewitt L. Mark , Orihel Diane M. 
Published: February 2024

We evaluated whether naphthenic acid fraction compounds (NAFCs) extracted from oil sand tailings adversely affect fish survival and behaviour. Following a before–after-control-impact design, we housed wild-caught juvenile yellow perch ( Perca flavescens) in outdoor mesocosms to assess survival and behaviour under baseline conditions, then exposed fish to one of three treatments: negative control, 2 mg/L NAFC, or 15 mg/L NAFC. We performed behavioural assays (no-stimulus activity, food stimulus, and predator stimulus using a model bird) and assessed a comprehensive suite of endpoints (equilibrium losses, activity, shoaling, burst swimming, freezing, and space use). We found that exposure to 15 mg/L NAFCs substantially reduced fish survival and impaired fish equilibrium in all three behavioural tests. Furthermore, exposure to NAFCs impaired anti-predator behaviour: while the activity of control fish increased by two-fold in response to a predator stimulus, fish exposed to 2 or 15 mg/L NAFC did not change their activity levels after stimulation. No significant changes were observed in other behavioural endpoints. Overall, our findings suggest that a week-long exposure to NAFCs at concentrations commonly found in tailings ponds, constructed wetlands, and other mining-impacted waters may affect multiple facets of fish behaviour that could ultimately lead to reduced fitness in fish populations.
Does Dressing Choice Affect Infection Rate in Percutaneous K-Wiring of the Hand and Wrist? – A Systematic Review
Authors: CLUTTON Juliet Margaret , KINGHORN Alison Frances , TRICKETT Ryan William 
Published: February 2024

Background: Percutaneous Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation of hand and wrist fractures is a common trauma procedure, yet there remains little consensus on the best management of wires postoperatively. If wire’s ends are left external to the skin, it remains unknown which dressing regimen best reduces infection risk. We felt that a systematic review was required to assess the current consensus on this question within the published literature. Methods: An electronic search was carried out across multiple databases. Abstracts were screened by two independent reviewers against inclusion criteria and, where necessary, full texts were reviewed. Nine eligible papers were identified, and data regarding type of procedure, dressing choice and infection rate was extracted. Results: The included studies were widely heterogenous, and the standard of the evidence was, in general, poor. In most, dressing choice and infection incidence were not the primary intervention/outcome under study. Conclusions: Based on the available literature, insufficient evidence exists to establish one dressing choice as having a lower infection rate. This highlights the need for further high-quality evidence in this area. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
Arthroscopy-Assisted Surgery for Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis
Authors: FUJIMURA Shigekazu , OMOKAWA Shohei , HASEGAWA Hideo , KAWAMURA Kenji , NAKANISHI Yasuaki , TANAKA Yasuhito 
Published: February 2024

Background: Functional outcomes of patients who underwent arthroscopy-assisted surgery for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis were reported. Methods: We included 24 consecutive patients (6 males and 18 females) who underwent surgery and postoperative hand therapy at our hospital between April 2012 and March 2018. For functional evaluation, we used the Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT), grip and pinch strength, range of motion of the thumb, visual analogue scale (VAS) for thumb pain, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) and Japanese version of the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE-J) preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. Results: The mean PPT rating improved from 12.3 to 13.3, the VAS score from 51 to 16, the QuickDASH score from 48 to 30 and the PRWE-J score from 55 to 29. All the improvements were statistically significant. There was a moderate positive correlation between the magnitude of improvement in PPT and QuickDASH scores. Conclusions: Arthroscopic intervention and associated hand therapy were effective in achieving early postoperative relief of thumb pain and in improving hand dexterity and activities of daily living. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Electrodiagnostic Severity is Not Associated with PROMIS Upper Extremity, PROMIS Pain Interference and PROMIS Pain Intensity
Authors: ZHANG Dafang , EARP Brandon E. , BLAZAR Philip 
Published: February 2024

Background: The primary objective of this study was to determine the association between preoperative electrodiagnostic study (EDS) parameters and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) instruments in patients with EDS-confirmed carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: A retrospective study of 45 patients with EDS-confirmed CTS was conducted. Patients completed the PROMIS Upper Extremity, PROMIS Pain Interference and PROMIS Pain Intensity. Explanatory variables included EDS disease severity (mild, moderate and severe), sensory peak latency, sensory amplitude, motor latency, motor amplitude, the presence of nonrecordable sensory latency and the presence of nonrecordable sensory amplitude. Explanatory variables also included patient-related factors, such as age, sex and diabetes mellitus. Associations between variables were assessed using simple linear regression, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student’s t-test. Results: In our cohort, the EDS severity was mild in 38%, moderate in 42% and severe in 20% of patients. The mean PROMIS Upper Extremity score was 44.4, the mean PROMIS Pain Interference score was 53.5 and the mean PROMIS Pain Intensity score was 49.9. Bivariate analysis demonstrated no association between EDS severity overall or any EDS parameter individually and PROMIS Upper Extremity, PROMIS Pain Interference and PROMIS Pain Intensity. Diabetes mellitus was associated with poorer PROMIS Upper Extremity scores. Conclusions: EDS severity is not associated with PROMIS Upper Extremity, PROMIS Pain Interference and PROMIS Pain Intensity. Carpal tunnel release is commonly indicated for pain and dysfunction, but validated measures of pain and dysfunction do not correlate with EDS severity. Level of Evidence: Level III (Diagnostic)
Extra-Articular Base Fractures of the Proximal Phalanx in Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: DAGI Alexander F. , HONG Daniel Y. , STRAUCH Robert J. 
Published: February 2024

Background: Extra-articular proximal phalanx base fractures are common in adults and can lead to permanent finger stiffness and joint contractures. The purpose of this review is to summarise the evidence for operative and non-operative management of this fracture type. Methods: The MedLine, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases were searched using the following key terms: ‘proximal phalanx’, ‘base’, ‘fracture’, ‘repair’ and ‘fixation’. A total of 2,889 unique records were extracted. All studies with primary data on the management of extra-articular proximal phalangeal base fractures in adults were included for initial review. Results: Eleven studies met inclusion criteria with a total of 441 extra-articular proximal phalanx base fractures. Outcomes were determined by final total active range of motion. 182 extra-articular proximal phalangeal base fractures were treated non-operatively, with excellent or good outcomes attained in 80% of cases. Another 259 extra-articular proximal phalangeal base fractures were treated operatively, including 236 with Kirschner wires (K-wires), 18 with plates, and five with intramedullary screws. Case-level data were available in 186 fractures managed by K-wire fixation, with excellent or good outcomes achieved in 79% of cases. Excellent or good outcomes were achieved in 35% of cases treated by plates, and 80% of five cases treated by intramedullary screw fixation. Three (1.6%) patients managed conservatively required surgery after reduction loss. No patients managed with K-wires required re-operation for reduction loss; tenolysis/capsulotomy was required in 11 (4.5%) cases for stiffness, and pin site infections occurred in eight (3.5%) cases. Complex regional pain syndrome occurred in five cases (28%) of plate fixation. Conclusions: In summary, excellent or good results may be achieved by K-wire pinning or conservative management. Current evidence is limited for plate or intramedullary screw fixation. Prospective trials and outcomes standardisation are needed to improve the evidence base. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
Options for Restoring Finger Extension in Mangled Forearm Injuries
Authors: BHARDWAJ Praveen , VARADHARAJAN Vigneswaran , VENKATRAMANI Hari , SABAPATHY S. Raja 
Published: February 2024

Restoration of finger extension in mutilating hand injuries is crucial for restoring prehension and independent use of the hand. Patients often express desire to restore finger extension once finger flexion is achieved. However, the extensive forearm injury precludes use of any of conventional donors like the wrist or finger flexors for transfer to restore finger extension. Two patients with sequelae of mangled forearm injuries, underwent biceps and long head of triceps transfer to the finger extensors to improve opening up of the fingers. We discuss the treatment considerations while planning these transfers and provide the technical details, rehabilitation and outcome of these patients. Both the patients expressed dramatic improvement of their hand function and were satisfied with the outcome. Biceps and long head of triceps could serve as an effective second-line donor for restoration of finger extension when the conventional donors are not available. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Beyond Fidelity: Explaining Vulnerability Localization of Learning-Based Detectors
Authors: Cheng Baijun , Zhao Shengming , Wang Kailong , Wang Meizhen , Bai Guangdong , Feng Ruitao , Guo Yao , Ma Lei , Wang Haoyu 
Published: February 2024

Vulnerability detectors based on deep learning (DL) models have proven their effectiveness in recent years. However, the shroud of opacity surrounding the decision-making process of these detectors makes it difficult for security analysts to comprehend. To address this, various explanation approaches have been proposed to explain the predictions by highlighting important features, which have been demonstrated effective in domains such as computer vision and natural language processing. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of in-depth evaluation of vulnerability-critical features, such as fine-grained vulnerability-related code lines, learned and understood by these explanation approaches. In this study, we first evaluate the performance of ten explanation approaches for vulnerability detectors based on graph and sequence representations, measured by two quantitative metrics including fidelity and vulnerability line coverage rate. Our results show that fidelity alone is insufficent for evaluating these approaches, as fidelity incurs significant fluctuations across different datasets and detectors. We subsequently check the precision of the vulnerability-related code lines reported by the explanation approaches, and find poor accuracy in this task among all of them. This can be attributed to the inefficiency of explainers in selecting important features and the presence of irrelevant artifacts learned by DL-based detectors.
Abstract A018: Dihydroceramide desaturase 1 (DES1) promotes anchorage-independent survival and metastasis of HER2-positive and basal breast cancer through regulation of caspase 14
Authors: Peperno Deanna M , Lambadis Danielle , Alvarado Victoria , Resnick Andrew E , Clarke Christopher J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Despite improvements in therapies, metastasis still leads to high mortality rates in breast cancer (BC). Consequently, discovering new therapies that are effective at targeting metastatic disease remains a critical need, particularly for the aggressive HER2+ and basal BC subtypes. The ability of cancer cells to survive in the absence of an extracellular matrix – termed anchorage-independent survival (AIS) – is central to the metastatic cascade and has emerged as a target biology of interest for reducing metastatic burden. Previously, we identified the SL enzyme dihydroceramide desaturase 1 (DES1) as a critical node for AIS of HER2+ BC cells. Here, we have extended these data to show that targeting DES1 through pharmacological inhibitors (4HPR), siRNA, or CRISPR-cas9 knockout was able to overcome AIS in basal BC cells as well as HER2+ BC cells that, functionally, led to a reduction of in vitro colony formation in soft agar. Extending these findings in vivo, we found that DES1 knockout led to a significant reduction in lung metastasis of both HER2+ and basal BC cells in murine models of experimental metastasis. Moreover, treatment of PyMT mice with the DES1 inhibitor 4HPR was able to reduce metastatic burden. To define downstream effectors of DES1 required for AIS, we performed a microarray analysis of control and DES1 knockout cells in suspension, leading us to identify caspase 14 as a downstream effector of DES1 in HER2+ and basal BC. Consistent with these findings, siRNA knockdown of caspase 14 led to a striking decrease in cell viability in colony formation assays. Finally, analysis of publicly available data found that high levels of DES1 and Caspase 14 were associated with poor clinical outcomes in both HER2+ and basal BC. Taken together, these data establish DES1 as a mediator of BC metastasis, likely through promoting AIS, and define caspase 14 as a target of DES1-driven signaling. Furthermore, results suggest that both DES1 and caspase 14 expression may be useful as biomarkers of metastasis-prone tumors.
Citation Format: Deanna M Peperno, Danielle Lambadis, Victoria Alvarado, Andrew E Resnick, Christopher J Clarke. Dihydroceramide desaturase 1 (DES1) promotes anchorage-independent survival and metastasis of HER2-positive and basal breast cancer through regulation of caspase 14 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Advances in Breast Cancer Research; 2023 Oct 19-22; San Diego, California. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(3 Suppl_1):Abstract nr A018.