bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A possible alternative mechanism of kinin generation in vivo by cathepsin L
Authors: Puzer Luciano , Vercesi Juliana , Alves Marcio F.M. , Barros Nilana M.T. , Araujo Mariana S. , Aparecida Juliano Maria , Reis Marina L. , Juliano Luiz , Carmona Adriana K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe investigated the ability of cathepsin L to induce a hypotensive effect after intravenous injection in rats and correlated this decrease in blood pressure with kinin generation. Simultaneously with blood pressure decrease, we detected plasma kininogen depletion in the treated rats. The effect observedin vivowas abolished by pre-incubation of cathepsin L with the cysteine peptidase-specific inhibitor E-64 (1 μM) or by previous administration of the bradykinin B2receptor antagonist JE049 (4 mg/kg). A potentiation of the hypotensive effect caused by cathepsin L was observed by previous administration of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (5 mg/kg).In vitrostudies indicated that cathepsin L excised bradykinin from the synthetic fluorogenic peptide Abz-MTSVIRRPPGFSPFRAPRV-NH2, based on the Met375–Val393sequence of rat kininogen (Abz=o-aminobenzoic acid). In conclusion, our data indicate thatin vivocathepsin L releases a kinin-related peptide, andin vitroexperiments suggest that the kinin generated is bradykinin. Although it is well known that cysteine proteases are strongly inhibited by kininogen, cathepsin L could represent an alternative pathway for kinin production in pathological processes.
The prediction of pulp yield using selected fiber properties
Authors: Çöpür Yalçin , Makkonen Hannu , Amidon Thomas E. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The present study is dealing with the question how the major yield-controlling components in pulp (i.e.,hemicelluloses and lignin) alter the behavior and/or properties (e.g., dimensions, flexibility, sugar content) of the fibers. The hypothesis should be verified that certain fiber properties can be used as marker for yield information. Pine and maple wood were digested under specific conditions to produce unbleached pulps with two different lignin contents per method. Screened pulps were chemically analyzed using a new NMR technique for carbohydrates, and the fibers were fractionated using a modified Bauer McNett classification. Pulp yields were related to the pulping methods in the sequence: polysulfide>kraft>biokraft>soda. Carbohydrate analysis revealed that the glucose content (glucose method) was related to the pulping yield. Certain fiber properties (fiber width and coarseness measured directly from the screened pulps) also provided close correlations with the pulp yield. The arithmetic average fiber length and width of the R14 Bauer McNett screen was a significant predictor of yield at the 95% confidence level, with a mean error of 0.43%.
Acid hydrolysis kinetics and identification of erythro and threo α-ethyl ether derivatives of non-phenolic arylglycerol-β-syringyl ether lignin model compounds
Authors: Ohi Hiroshi , Kishino Masanori 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Based on their hydrolysis behavior, NMR spectra of the erythro and threo forms of 3-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-3-ethoxypropan-1-ol (named VSE, i.e., α-ethyl ether derivative of veratrylglycerol-β-syringylether) were successfully assigned. A mixture of erythro and threo VSEs was treated at 90°C in pH 1.2 nitric acid solution. In order to assign them, the molar ratios of erythro and threo forms of 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxy-phenoxy)propane-1,3-diol (named VS, i.e., veratrylglycerol-β-syringyl) ether given by each VSE were kinetically determined during the treatment. It was found that the inversion ratio at which the first VSE isomer gave erythro-VS was 0.73. Therefore, this isomer was identified as threo-VSE. In addition, from calculations using the least-squares method, the inversion ratio at which the other VSE isomer gave threo-VS was found to be >0.73. These values mean that threo-VSE yields 73% erythro- and 27% threo-VS, while erythro-VSE yields mainly threo-VS.
Stabilization of cellulose solutions in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (Lyocell dopes) by addition of an N-oxide as sacrificial substrate
Authors: Rosenau Thomas , Schmid Peter , Potthast Antje , Kosma Paul 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

N-Methylene(morpholinium) ions (carbenium-iminium ions) are responsible for uncontrollable reactions of Lyocell dopes – solutions of cellulose in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide monohydrate at process temperatures of approximately 100°C – as they are able to induce autocatalytic decomposition of the solvent. The carbenium-iminium ions derived from N-benzylmorpholine-N-oxide (NBnMO) are less reactive, affording innocent products instead of entering an uncontrollable decomposition pathway. The “dangerous” carbenium-iminium ions derived from NMMO are efficiently scavenged by NBnMO, which is in turn converted into these “innocent” NBnMO-derived carbenium-iminium ions. Color generation in NBnMO-stabilized NMMO is far less pronounced, than in the case of the traditionally used phenolic anti-oxidant stabilizers. This suggests that NBnMO could be used in a novel approach to stabilize Lyocell solutions.
Mechanism of decomposition of peracetic acid by manganese ions and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)
Authors: Popov Evgeny , Eloranta Jussi , Hietapelto Vesa , Vuorenpalo Veli-Matti , Aksela Reijo , Jäkärä Jukka 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The decomposition mechanism of peracetic acid by free Mn2+ ions and by Mn2+-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid complexes was studied by UV/Vis, electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS), electron spin resonance (ESR), and Raman spectroscopy. The experimental results demonstrate that a number of different oxidation states of manganese are involved in the decomposition reaction. Furthermore, the kinetics observed show oscillatory features that are characteristic of autocatalytic processes. Radical pathways were found to play a negligible role in the reaction. Based on the experimental observations, an overall reaction scheme for the decomposition process is proposed.
Long-term development of VOC emissions from OSB after hot-pressing
Authors: Makowski Mathias , Ohlmeyer Martin , Meier Dietrich 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
An oriented strand board (OSB) made of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was tested for volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions 24 h after the hot-pressing process over a period of 2 months. The predominant emissions from the OSB were monoterpenes and aldehydes. Terpene emissions decreased continuously, whereas aldehyde concentrations initially increased and subsequently decayed. Aldehydes are formed by the autoxidative splitting of unsaturated fatty acids contained in the wood. Due to the delayed release of aldehydes, a comparison of different emission test results is only possible if age and storage conditions are clearly specified. For a reduction in VOC emissions from wood-based materials, wood properties, manufacturing process, and storage conditions have to be considered.
Correlated Formation and Stability of SIA Loops and Stacking Fault Tetrahedra in High Energy Displacement Cascades in Copper
Authors: Voskoboinikov RE , Osetsky YN , Bacon DJ 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Atomistic modeling was conducted for an investigation of primary damage creation, self-interstitial and vacancy clusters formation, and their stability in high energy displacement cascades in copper. The simulations were carried out for a wide range of temperatures (100 K ≤ T ≤ 900 K) and primary knock-on atom (PKA) energies 5 keV ≤ Epka ≤ 25 keV. This study of over 400 cascades is the largest yet reported for this metal. At least 20 cascades for each (Epka, T) pair were simulated in order to ensure statistical reliability of the results. The number of surviving point defects for each cascade and the mean value for cascades at the same temperature and PKA energy were found. The corresponding fraction of self-interstitial atoms (SIA) in dislocation loops and vacancies in stacking fault tetrahedron (SFT)-like clusters was calculated. Strong spatial and size correlation of SFTs and SIA clusters at low temperatures were established.
In the context of high dose irradiation and the spatial overlap of displacement cascades, the stability of SFTs and dislocation loops inside an overlapping cascade region was investigated. It was observed that an SFT destroyed in the collision phase by a cascade is always recreated. On being completely enveloped by the region of displaced atoms, both SFT and SIA dislocation loops are destroyed with corresponding decrease of the number of residual point defects, whereas partial overlapping leads to increase in size of both types of cluster.
Characterization of Damage and Failure Mechanisms of Co-Cured Fiber-Reinforced Composite Joints under Quasi-Static, Tensile Loading
Authors: Cao C , Stefan Dancila D 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
This research investigates two co-cured joint configurations, the conventional single lap joint, and the modified single nested overlap joint, which is obtained by a minor alteration of the former configuration. A systematic comparison of damage initiation, damage progression mechanisms, and failure modes of co-cured joint specimens under quasi-static tensile loading is carried out. Several investigation methods are used including acoustic emission, visual observation, optical microscopy, and X-ray radiography.
Mechanical and Physical Properties of Titanium-12Molybdenum-6Zirconium-2Iron Beta Titanium Alloy
Authors: Murray NGD , Jablokov VR , Freese HL 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Howmedica developed the Titanium-12Molybdenum-6Zirconium-2Iron beta titanium alloy (also known as TMZF® beta titanium alloy) in the late 1980s. Two patents were issued for this high strength, low modulus, ductile, biocompatible, titanium base alloy [1,2]. The mechanical properties for wrought machining and forging bar in ASTM F 1813 show higher tensile and yield strengths than Ti-6Al-4V ELI (ASTM F 136), the most widely used titanium grade for medical and surgical implant applications. According to the ASTM standard, the TMZF alloy also has improved ductility over Ti-6Al-4V ELI, which is to be expected when comparing beta and alpha+beta titanium alloys. TMZF alloy offers higher tensile strength and greater flexibility than Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Data are presented for semi-finished TMZF mill product forms in the solution-annealed condition. The influence of oxygen as an interstitial strengthening element is shown for Ti-12Mo-6Zr-2Fe and compared with common titanium alloys used in or being considered for use in the medical device industry.
Beta Titanium Alloy Processed for High Strength Orthopedic Applications
Authors: Marquardt B , Shetty R 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The general material requirements for Ti-15Mo have been standardized for surgical implant applications in ASTM F 2066 [1]. This particular standard is currently limited to one microstructural condition that is produced by beta solution treating and rapidly quenching the material to avoid the formation of alpha phase. When the alloy is processed in this way, it maintains a very high level of ductility but relatively low tensile and bending fatigue strengths. Since beta titanium alloys can be strengthened substantially by thermal processes that introduce alpha phase, it may be possible to adjust the microstructure to achieve a balance of properties that will meet the requirements for more highly stressed applications. Tensile and rotating beam fatigue data for several dual phase material conditions of Ti-15Mo indicate that the alloy can be strengthened substantially without introducing tensile notch sensitivity. However, it was necessary to use an alpha/beta annealing process and avoid beta solution treatment prior to aging at 480 °C to achieve this balance of properties. The potential benefits of alpha/beta processing appear to warrant expansion of ASTM F 2066 beyond the current beta solution treated and quenched condition.
Uncertainty Analyses on Reference Values of Charpy Impact Test Specimens
Authors: Takagi S , Yamaguchi Y , Usuda T 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The uncertainties of reference values of specimens, which are used for the verification of the secondary standard Charpy impact test machine, are investigated. To evaluate the uncertainty of the reference values of specimens, the results of the direct verification of the machine and the repeatability of measurement are considered. The uncertainty components estimated from the direct verification are calculated multiplying the uncertainty of each item and corresponding sensitivity coefficient. The repeatability of measurement is estimated from the results of the routine check data of the standard machine. By combining these components, the overall uncertainties of reference specimens are presented at 30, 100, and 160 J levels of absorbed energy.
Improving the Infiltration of Water through Repellent Soils Using Synergistic Surfactant Blends Based on Alkyl Glucosides and Ethylene Oxide-Propylene Oxide Block Copolymers
Authors: Bially PT , Kostka SJ , Buckman RC 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Soil water repellency arises as a consequence of initial soil water content and the type of organic matter incorporated into or adsorbed onto the individual soil particles. Water repellent soils create significant agronomic and hydrologic challenges, retarding water infiltration into the soil profile and often rendering entire areas impervious to water penetration. These soils often prevent effective wetting of the rootzone during precipitation or irrigation and lead to increased runoff and leaching of pesticides, fertilizers, and other amendments. Agriculturalists have approached the soil water repellency problem through the use of wetting agent surfactant compositions. The degree of wetting efficacy among surfactant chemistries and formulations has varied significantly. The wetting characteristics of alkyl glucosides and ethylene oxide-propylene block copolymers, two nonionic surfactant classes, were evaluated in the context of improving the infiltration of water through water repellent soil profiles. A laboratory column test was used to measure the initial effectiveness of the wetting agent compositions on synthetically hydrophobized and naturally water repellent soils. A synergistically enhanced wetting rate occurred when the alkyl glucoside to block copolymer ratio was from approximately 6:1 to 0.5:1 by weight, ideally when the ratio was from approximately 4:1 to 0.7:1. Within these ratios, synergism was inversely proportional to the HLB and proportional to the molecular weight of the block copolymer used. This research is the first to demonstrate the promising effects of formulations comprising alkyl glucosides and EO/PO block copolymers on improving the distribution and dynamics of water in repellent soils.
Passivity-based Feedback Design for Polynomial Control Systems (Passivitätsbasierter Reglerentwurf für polynomiale Systeme)
Authors: Ebenbauer Christian , Raff Tobias , Allgöwer Frank 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
This paper proposes a simple computer-aided feedback design strategy for polynomial control systems. The design strategy is based on passivity and semidefinite programming, two well-established concepts from control theory and optimization. The combination of these two concepts leads to a physically motivated feedback design strategy which can be efficiently and reliably solved on a computer. In particular, this paper addresses the problem of designing globally stabilizing feedbacks via state feedback passivation and via dynamic output feedback passivation using semidefinite programming and the sum of squares decomposition.
Kartesische Impedanzregelung von Robotern mit elastischen Gelenken: Ein passivitätsbasierter Ansatz (Cartesian Impedance Control of Flexible Joint Robots: A Passivity Based Approach)
Authors: Ott Christian , Albu-Schäffer Alin , Kugi Andreas , Stramigioli Stefano , Hirzinger Gerd 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Der Beitrag beschreibt einen neuen Ansatz zur kartesischen Impedanzregelung von Robotern mit elastischen Gelenken. Die vorgeschlagene Reglerstruktur basiert auf einfachen physikalischen Überlegungen, die eine Erweiterung klassischer Positionsrückführungen um eine zusätzliche Rückführung der Gelenk-Drehmomente motivieren. Der Regler benötigt nur die ersten Ableitungen der Messgrößen und kann somit einfach implementiert werden. Es wird gezeigt, dass sich der geschlossene Regelkreis als Zusammenschaltung passiver Teilsysteme darstellen lässt. Abschließend werden experimentelle Ergebnisse des vorgestellten Reglers mit dem DLR-Leichtbauroboter-II beschrieben.
Agricultural Practices Influence Flow Regimes of Headwater Streams in Western Iowa
Authors: Tomer M. D. , Meek D. W. , Kramer L. A. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTAgricultural tillage influences runoff and infiltration, but consequent effects on watershed hydrology are poorly documented. This study evaluated 25 yr (1971–1995) hydrologic records from four first‐order watersheds in Iowa's loess hills. Two watersheds were under conventional tillage and two were under conservation (ridge) tillage, one of which was terraced. All four watersheds grew corn (Zea mays L.) every year. Flow‐frequency statistics and autoregressive modeling were used to determine how conservation treatments influenced stream hydrology. The autoregressive modeling characterized variations in discharge, baseflow, and runoff at multi‐year, annual, and shorter time scales. The ridge‐tilled watershed (nonterraced) had 47% less runoff and 36% more baseflow than the conventional watershed of similar landform and slope. Recovery of baseflow after drought was quicker in the conservation watersheds, as evidenced by 365‐d moving average plots, and 67% greater baseflow during the driest 2 yr. The two conventional watersheds were similar, except the steeper watershed discharged more runoff and baseflow during short (<30 d), wet periods. Significant multi‐year and annual cycles occurred in all variables. Under ridge‐till, seasonal (annual‐cycle) variations in baseflow had greater amplitude, showing the seasonality of subsurface contaminant movement could increase under conservation practices. However, deviations from the modeled cycles of baseflow were also more persistent under conservation practices, indicating baseflow was more stable. Indeed, flow‐frequency curves showed wet‐weather discharge decreased and dry‐weather discharge increased under conservation practices. Although mean discharge increased in the conservation watersheds, variance and skewness of daily values were smaller. Ridge tillage with or without terraces increased stream discharge but reduced its variability.
Transport and Metabolic Fate of Sewage Particles in a Recipient Stream
Authors: Rauter Andrea , Weigelhofer Gabriele , Waringer Johann , Battin Tom J. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTAlthough the implementation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) has dramatically increased the quality of surface waters in urbanized areas, WWTPs can still discharge noticeable amounts of solutes and particles to recipient streams. Although the fate of WWTP nutrients has received considerable attention, transport and in‐stream transformation of sewage‐derived particulate organic matter (SDPOM) have not. To investigate the transport and transformation of SDPOM in recipient streams, we experimentally injected fluorescently labeled SDPOM into a headwater stream and tracked its downstream fate at baseflow. Most SDPOM disappeared from the streamwater within a 160‐m long reach with an average deposition velocity of 0.14 mm s−1 We further coupled hydrometric measurements of specific water fluxes through the streambed interface with a mixing model to estimate streambed oxygen removal, and found significantly higher oxygen removal in the deposition (0.75 g O2 m−2 d−1) than in the downstream post‐deposition (0.36 g O2 m−2 d−1) subreach. Contrary to our expectations, we did not detect any apparent effect of SDPOM deposition on streambed clogging. Our results show the capacity of a recipient stream to retain SDPOM and to reduce its downstream export, and thus contribute to a better understanding of ecosystem services of human‐altered streams.
Effect of Taylor vortices on mass transfer from a rotating cylinder
Authors: Srinivasan R. , Jayanti S. , Kannan A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMass transfer from solids, which has important applications in a number of chemical and pharmaceutical industries, has been studied experimentally and semiempirically under turbulent flow conditions, and correlations are available in the literature to calculate the mass‐transfer coefficients from pellets, rotating cylinders and disks etc. However, mass transfer under laminar flow has not been sufficiently addressed. One of the difficulties here is the strong Reynolds number dependence of the flow pattern, for example, due to the onset of Taylor vortices for the case of a rotating cylinder. This problem is circumvented by using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based solution of the governing equations for the case of a cylinder rotating inside a stationary cylindrical outer vessel filled with liquid. The parameters cover a range of Reynolds number (based on the cylinder diameter, and the tangential speed of the cylinder), Schmidt number and the ratio of the outer to inner cylinder diameters. The results confirm that the circumferential velocity profile is a strong function of the Reynolds number and varies from a nearly Couette‐type flow at very low Reynolds numbers to a boundary layer‐like profile at high Reynolds numbers. The onset of Taylor vortices has a strong effect on the flow field and the mass‐transfer mode. The calculations show that the Sherwood number has a linear dependence on the Reynolds number in the Couette‐flow regime, and roughly square‐root dependence after the onset of Taylor vortices. Correlations have been proposed to calculate the Sherwood number taking account of these effects. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Scale‐up effect of riser reactors: Particle velocity and flow development
Authors: Yan Aijie , Zhu Jesse (Jingxu) 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe influence of riser diameter on the axial and radial particle velocity profiles and flow development is studied in a 10 m high twin‐riser system (76‐ and 203‐mm ID risers). Cross‐sectional average particle velocity is somewhat lower for the larger riser with a steeper radial particle velocity profile. The flow development in the riser center is nearly instant with the particle velocity remaining high. There is no significant difference for the two risers in the center region. In the wall region, the flow development is significantly slower and the particle velocity of the smaller riser is higher. The flow development slows down in the larger riser. In all locations measured, there was a clear dependency between the local particle velocity and solids concentration of both risers. Gas distribution and particle aggregation are considered the key factors that influence the local hydrodynamics in the twin‐riser system. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Recent developments towards commercialization of solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Gorte Raymond J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSolid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are receiving an increasing level of attention for both small‐ and large‐scale applications due their high fuel flexibility compared to other types of fuel cells. This article reviews recent work in SOFC materials research, with an emphasis on anodes that can directly utilize hydrocarbon fuels. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005