bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllable local monotonic cubic interpolation in fluid animations
Authors: Ihm Insung , Cha Deukhyun , Kang Byungkwon 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWhile linear interpolation has been used frequently in computer graphics, higher‐order interpolation is often desirable in applications requiring higher‐order accuracy. In this paper, we study how interpolation filters, employed to resample such data as velocity, density, and temperature in simulating the equations of fluid dynamics, affect the animation of fluids. For this purpose, we have designed a controllable local cubic interpolation scheme that offersG1(orC1) continuity globally. It is based on monotonic splines so does not suffer from undue overshooting. Furthermore, it is possible to control the general behavior of the interpolation through a global tension parameter, providing a continuous spectrum of linear to cubic interpolation. We analyze how this controllable interpolation filter may be effectively used to enhance the visual reality for physically based fluid animation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extending the photon mapping method for realistic rendering of hot gaseous fluids
Authors: Kang Byungkwon , Ihm Insung , Bajaj Chandrajit 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWith the increased sophistication and use of heated gas, fire, and explosion simulations in computer graphics applications, there is a corresponding impetus to improve the visual realism in the rendering of such simulated phenomena. In visualizing these turbulent fluids, an appropriate incorporation of their incandescent properties into the rendering significantly enhances the realism of visual effects. In this paper, we effectively synthesize the light emission phenomena of hot gaseous fluids by extending the photon mapping global illumination method. In particular, we add two new photon maps to capture the thermal radiation effects. First, we define anemissionphoton map to store the photons emitted within hot gaseous fluids. Second, we utilize additionalflashandflash reflectionphoton maps, which are effective in creating a visual effect of light that intensively and instantly propagates outside hot gaseous fluids, visually capturing shock waves. Our current technique, while based on the theory of blackbody radiation, is parameterized to enable an animator to generate a wide range of visual effects with fairly intuitive user control. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our new rendering technique and user‐controlled generation of visual effects with several example pictures and animations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanism Studies of the Conversion of 13C‐Labeled n‐Butane on Zeolite H‐ZSM‐5 by Using 13C Magic Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy and GC–MS Analysis
Authors: Luzgin Mikhail V. , Stepanov Alexander G. , Arzumanov Sergei S. , Rogov Vladimir A. , Parmon Valentin N. , Wang Wei , Hunger Michael , Freude Dieter 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBy using 13C MAS NMR spectroscopy (MAS=magic angle spinning), the conversion of selectively 13C‐labeled n‐butane on zeolite H‐ZSM‐5 at 430–470 K has been demonstrated to proceed through two pathways: 1) scrambling of the selective 13C‐label in the n‐butane molecule, and 2) oligomerization–cracking and conjunct polymerization. The latter processes (2) produce isobutane and propane simultaneously with alkyl‐substituted cyclopentenyl cations and condensed aromatic compounds. In situ 13C MAS NMR and complementary ex situ GC–MS data provided evidence for a monomolecular mechanism of the 13C‐label scrambling, whereas both isobutane and propane are formed through intermolecular pathways. According to 13C MAS NMR kinetic measurements, both pathways proceed with nearly the same activation energies (Ea=75 kJ mol−1 for the scrambling and 71 kJ mol−1 for isobutane and propane formation). This can be rationalized by considering the intermolecular hydride transfer between a primarily initiated carbenium ion and n‐butane as being the rate‐determining stage of the n‐butane conversion on zeolite H‐ZSM‐5.
Remediation of soil contaminated with arsenic, zinc, and nickel by pilot‐scale soil washing
Authors: Ko Ilwon , Lee Cheol‐Hyo , Lee Kwang‐Pyo , Lee Sang‐Woo , Kim Kyoung‐Woong 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe use of soil washing has successfully demonstrated bench‐scale and field applications for the remediation of oxyanions and cationic heavy metals. However, it is not easy to simultaneously remove both oxyanions and cations using one wash solution in the same extraction. Also contaminated soils from metal mining areas present other difficulties to remove contaminants because of their strong binding properties. Correspondingly, the efficiency of soil washing can be inhibited by the limited extraction of contaminants. The objective of this study was to find the optimal process conditions for the enhanced washing of recalcitrant contaminants. This study focused on the effectiveness of engineering‐scale washing of field soil using three types of inorganic acids (HCl, H2SO4, and H3PO4). In this study, soil contaminated with arsenic, nickel, and zinc was obtained from a closed iron/serpentine mining area. The H2SO4 and H3PO4 wash solutions, including the competitive oxyanion, enhanced the removal of arsenic. The acid attack on arsenic binding in the Fe/Mn oxide and organic/sulfides fractions may be a possible removal mechanism in addition to anionic competitive desorption. The low efficiency of soil washing results from the strong binding associated with minerals and the enrichment of contaminants in the highly reactive fine particles. For this soil used, the physical separation of particles could enhance the overall effectiveness of soil washing. Therefore, for the soils contaminated with recalcitrant contaminants in metal mining areas, the physical separation of fine particles can be significant in addition to the chemical extraction. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2005
Genetic polymorphism of N‐acetyltransferase 2 in the susceptibility to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ünal Murat , Tamer Lülüfer , Akbaş Yücel , Pata Yavuz Selim , Vayisoǧlu Yusuf , Deǧirmenci Ulaş , Çamdeviren Handan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground.The purpose of this study was to investigate whether polymorphism of N‐acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotypes are associated with the risk of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Methods.The study group consisted of 45 white patients with laryngeal SCC (42 men, with a mean age of 54 years [range, 37–70 years] and three women, with a mean age of 47 years [range, 32–55 years]) and 104 control subjects (68 men and 36 women; mean age, 50 years; range, 28–73 years). All of the patients were primarily treated with surgical intervention. Blood samples (5 mL) were obtained before surgery or from the patients under follow‐up to 5 years after surgery (mean follow‐up, 27 months; range, 6–48 months). DNA was extracted from the lymphocytes by high pure template preparation kit. NAT2*5A, NAT2*6A, NAT2*7A/B, and NAT2*14A were detected by use of LightCycler‐NAT2 mutation detection kit by real‐time polymerase chain reaction with Light Cycler instruments. The association between NAT2 polymorphisms and laryngeal SCC was prospectively modeled through multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results.We found that the risk of laryngeal SCC was 7.3‐fold higher in individuals with NAT2*5 mutant allele, 3.8‐fold higher in subjects with NAT2*6 heterozygote allele, and 38.3‐fold higher in NAT2*6 mutant allele. We also found that individuals with NAT2*7 heterozygote allele had a 0.2‐fold less risk for the development of laryngeal SCC (p = .018).Conclusion.In this population, patients with NAT2*5 mutant and *6 heterozygous and mutant genotypes had a significantly higher risk for development of laryngeal SCC. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 27: XXX–XXX, 2005
Pattern of nonspecific (or global) DNA methylation in oral carcinogenesis
Authors: Piyathilake Chandrika J. , Bell Walter C. , Jones Jennifer , Henao Olga L. , Heimburger Douglas C. , Niveleau Alain , Grizzle William E. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground.Although alterations in nonspecific (or global) DNA methylation (GDM) in specific cells are known to be involved in the process of lung carcinogenesis, similar associations have not been evaluated in other smoking‐related cancers of the head and neck.Methods.We evaluated the status of GDM by using monoclonal antibodies specific for 5‐methylcytosine (5‐mc) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) specimens of 48 cigarette smokers who had SCC develop and in 93 age‐, race‐, and sex‐matched smokers who did not.Results.Percentages of cells positive for 5‐mc immunostaining of DNA of SCC and dysplastic lesions were significantly higher than those of normal oral epithelial cells from cancer subjects and from noncancer subjects. The degree of DNA methylation was unrelated to DNA content.Conclusions.The pattern of GDM in oral SCCs is different from that of lung SCCs. The differences in nutrient risk factor profiles that are related to GDM and differential activity of DNA methyltranferases between oral and lung SCCs may explain these observations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 27: XXX–XXX, 2005
Overexpression of regucalcin suppresses apoptotic cell death in cloned normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial NRK52E cells: Change in apoptosis‐related gene expression
Authors: Nakagawa Taeko , Yamaguchi Masayoshi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe effect of regucalcin, a regulatory protein in intracellular signaling pathway, on cell death and apoptosis was investigated using the cloned normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial NRK52E cells overexpressing regucalcin. NRK52E cells (wild type) and stable regucalcin (RC)/pCXN2 transfectants were cultured for 72 h in a medium containing 5% bovine serum (BS) to obtain subconfluent monolayers. After culture for 72 h, cells were further cultured for 24–72 h in a medium without BS containing either vehicle, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α; 0.1 or 1.0 ng/ml of medium), lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.1 or 1.0 µg/ml), Bay K 8644 (10−9–10−7 M), or thapsigargin (10−9–10−7 M). The number of wild‐type cells was significantly decreased by culture for 42–72 h in the presence of TNF‐α (0.1 or 1.0 ng/ml), LPS (0.1 or 1.0 µg/ml), Bay K 8644 (10−7–10−5 M), or thapsigargin (10−8 or 10−7 M). The effect of TNF‐α (0.1 or 1.0 ng/ml), LPS (0.1 or 1.0 µg/ml), Bay K 8644 (10−7–10−6 M), or thapsigargin (10−7 M) in decreasing the number of wild‐type cells cultured for 24–72 h was significantly prevented in transfectants overexpressing regucalcin. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed the presence of low‐molecular‐weight deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments of adherent wild‐type cells cultured with LPS (1.0 µg/ml), Bay K 8644 (10−7 M), or thapsigargin (10−8 M) for 24 h, and this DNA fragmentation was significantly suppressed in transfectants. DNA fragmentation in adherent cells was not seen by culture with TNF‐α (1.0 ng/ml). TNF‐α‐induced decrease in the number of wild‐type cells was significantly prevented by culture with caspase‐3 inhibitor (10−8 M), while LPS‐ or Bay K 8644‐induced decrease in cell number was significantly prevented by caspase‐3 inhibitor or N ω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methylester (NAME) (10−5 M), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Thapsigargin‐induced decrease in cell number was not prevented in the presence of two inhibitors. Bcl‐2 and Akt‐1 mRNA levels were significantly increased in transfectants cultured for 24 h as compared with those of wild‐type cells, while Apaf‐1, caspase‐3, or glyceroaldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) mRNA expressions were not significantly changed in transfectants. Culture with TNF‐α (1.0 ng/ml), LPS (1.0 µg/ml), Bay K 8644 (l0−7 M), or thapsigargin (10−8 M) caused a significant increase in caspase‐3 mRNA levels in wild‐type cells. LPS (1.0 µg/ml) significantly decreased Bcl‐2 mRNA expression in the cells. Their effects on the gene expression of apoptosis‐related proteins were not significantly changed in transfectants. This study demonstrates that overexpression of regucalcin has a suppressive effect on cell death and apoptosis induced by various factors which their action are mediated through many intracellular signaling pathways, and that it modulates the gene expression of apoptosis‐related proteins. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calcium oscillations and mammalian egg activation
Authors: Malcuit Christopher , Kurokawa Manabu , Fissore Rafael A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFertilization in all species studied to date induces an increase in the intracellular concentration of free calcium ions ([Ca2+]i) within the egg. In mammals, this [Ca2+]i signal is delivered in the form of long‐lasting [Ca2+]i oscillations that begin shortly after fusion of the gametes and persist beyond the time of completion of meiosis. While not fully elucidated, recent evidence supports the notion that the sperm delivers into the ooplasm a trigger of oscillations, the so‐called sperm factor (SF). The recent discovery that mammalian sperm harbor a specific phospholipase C (PLC), PLCζ has consolidated this view. The fertilizing sperm, and presumably PLCζ promote Ca2+ release in eggs via the production of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3), which binds and gates its receptor, the type‐1 IP3 receptor, located on the endoplasmic reticulum, the Ca2+ store of the cell. Repetitive Ca2+ release in this manner results in a positive cumulative effect on downstream signaling molecules that are responsible for the completion of all the events comprising egg activation. This review will discuss recent advances in our understanding of how [Ca2+]i oscillations are initiated and regulated in mammals, highlight areas of discrepancies, and emphasize the need to better characterize the downstream molecular cascades that are dependent on [Ca2+]i oscillations and that may impact embryo development. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interaction and functional cooperation between the serine/threonine kinase bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor with the tyrosine kinase stem cell factor receptor
Authors: Hassel Sylke , Yakymovych Mariya , Hellman Ulf , Rönnstrand Lars , Knaus Petra , Souchelnytskyi Serhiy 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTransmembrane receptors with intrinsic serine/threonine or tyrosine kinase domains regulate vital functions of cells in multicellular eukaryotes, e.g., differentiation, apoptosis, and proliferation. Here, we show that bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR‐II) which has a serine/threonine kinase domain, and stem cell factor receptor (c‐kit) which contains a tyrosine kinase domain form a complex in vitro and in vivo; the interaction is induced upon treatment of cells with BMP2 and SCF. Stem cell factor (SCF) modulated BMP2‐dependent activation of Smad1/5/8 and phosphorylation of Erk kinase. SCF also enhanced BMP2‐dependent differentiation of C2C12 cells. We found that BMPR‐II was phosphorylated at Ser757 upon co‐expression with and activation of c‐kit. BMPR‐II phosphorylation required intact kinase activity of BMPR‐II. Abrogation of the c‐kit/SCF‐dependent phosphorylation of BMPR‐II at the Ser757 interfered with the cooperative effect of BMP2 and SCF. Our data suggest that the complex formation between c‐kit and BMPR‐II leads to phosphorylation of BMPR‐II at Ser757, which modulates BMPR‐II‐dependent signaling. J. Cell. Physiol. 206: 457–467, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancement of apoptosis by nitric oxide released from α‐phenyl‐tert‐butyl nitrone under hyperthermic conditions
Authors: Cui Zheng‐Guo , Kondo Takashi , Matsumoto Hideki 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine whether a neuroprotector, PBN (α‐phenyl‐tert‐butyl nitrone), enhances apoptosis induced by hyperthermia, which generates superoxide (O) intracellularly, since the release of nitric oxide (NO) from PBN under oxidative stress has been reported. When human myelomonocytic lymphoma U937 cells were treated with hyperthermia (44°C, 10 min) and PBN, an increase in the concentration of nitrite in the culture medium, and a decrease in the hyperthermia‐induced production of O was observed. Imaging using a fluorescence dye for intracellular NO, diaminofluorescein‐2 diacetate (DAF‐2 DA), revealed the formation of NO in the apoptotic cells treated with hyperthermia and PBN combined. Apoptotic endpoints were significantly enhanced by the combined treatment: a decrease in mitochondrial trans‐membrane potential, cleavage of Bid, release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase‐8 and ‐3. An increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), externalization of Fas, and decrease in Hsp70 and phosphorylated HSF1 were observed following the combined treatment. Furthermore, scavengers of NO and ONOO− significantly inhibited the enhancement of apoptosis, the externalization of Fas and the increase in [Ca2+]i. These results suggest that, (1) NO is released from PBN by hyperthermia, and subsequently reacts with O to form ONOO−, (2) NO and ONOO− are involved in the enhancement of apoptosis through Fas‐mitochondria‐caspase and [Ca2+]i‐dependent pathways, and (3) a decrease in Hsp70 and phosphorylated HSF1 also contributed to the enhancement of apoptosis. J. Cell. Physiol. 206: 468–476, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ligand concentration is a driver of divergent signaling and pleiotropic cellular responses to FGF
Authors: Garcia‐Maya Mitla , Anderson Alexandra A. , Kendal Claire E. , Kenny Anna V. , Edwards‐Ingram Laura C. , Holladay Andrew , Saffell Jane L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are soluble ligands important for embryonic patterning, limb and brain development, and stem cell proliferation. They activate specific receptors (FGFR) to elicit changes in gene expression and cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, and survival, but the extent to which these pleiotropic responses are driven by FGF concentration gradients has not been systematically addressed. Here, we show that a single cell type exhibits divergent, even opposing, responses to a single FGF dependent on the exposure concentration, and that this is controlled by differential signaling with specific negative feedback inhibition. Low concentrations of FGF2 stimulate survival and differentiation but actively inhibit proliferation while intermediate concentrations stimulate proliferation in the presence of serum but apoptosis in its absence. Intriguingly, high concentrations reverse the proliferation and apoptosis effects, and mirror the low concentration effects: inhibition of proliferation and stimulation of survival and differentiation. By screening for activation of sampled signaling intermediates across the FGF2 concentration range in fibroblasts, we show that the peak in proliferation and apoptosis correlates with abrupt activation of FRS‐2 and Erk that is specifically down‐regulated by high concentrations of FGF2, a pattern that contrasts with an incremental increase in activation of p38 MAP kinase and the FGFR itself, across the FGF2 concentration range. Whilst proliferation stimulated by FGF2 was dependent on p38 MAP kinase, apoptosis stimulated by proliferative concentrations of FGF2 under serum‐free conditions was, in contrast, dependent on Erk MAP kinase. These findings indicate that FGF exposure concentration precisely controls intracellular signaling and cellular responses to the growth factor, and have important implications for understanding how FGF gradients influence cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation during processes such as limb development. J. Cell. Physiol. 206: 386–393, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urokinase (u‐PA) is produced by collecting duct principal cells and is post‐transcriptionally regulated by SV40 large‐T, arginine vasopressin, and epidermal growth factor
Authors: Piedagnel Rémi , Tiger Yoann , Lelongt Brigitte , Ronco Pierre M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe have analyzed the expression and regulation of plasminogen activators (PA) in principal cells of the renal collecting duct. We used a rabbit principal cell line (RC.SVtsA58) infected with the temperature‐sensitive SV40 strain tsA58. Transformed cells cultured at permissive temperature (33°C) produced only tissue‐type plasminogen activator (t‐PA). Shifting the cells to nonpermissive temperature (39.5°C) induced their differentiation and a marked increase in total fibrinolytic activity due to the induction of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (u‐PA) synthesis and secretion. The effect on u‐PA was post‐transcriptional and it could be attributed to large‐T inactivation at 39.5°C since it was abolished by re‐infecting the cells with wild‐type SV40. Run‐on assay and real‐time RT‐PCR of u‐PA transcripts indicated that large‐T altered post‐transcriptional regulation. u‐PA was also produced by primary cultures of collecting duct cells and was present in the rabbit urine. In the kidney, u‐PA and its receptor (u‐PAR) were almost exclusively expressed at the apex of collecting duct cells. We then analyzed the regulation of u‐PA by arginine vasopressin (AVP) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), two key regulators of principal cell functions. We found that AVP and EGF, which have opposite hydro‐osmotic effects in the collecting duct, also exhibited contrasted effects on u‐PA synthesis in differentiated RC.SVtsA58 cells. EGF increased but AVP suppressed u‐PA activity and protein, and these regulations occurred at post‐transcriptional level. These results point to a physiological role of u‐PA in principal cells of the renal collecting duct. J. Cell. Physiol. 206: 394–401, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased transcriptional response to mechanical strain in keloid fibroblasts due to increased focal adhesion complex formation
Authors: Wang Zhen , Fong Kenton D. , Phan Toan‐Thang , Lim Ivor J. , Longaker Michael T. , Yang George P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractClinicians have observed that keloids preferentially form in body areas subject to increased skin tension. We hypothesized a difference exists in the transcriptional response of keloid fibroblasts to mechanical strain compared with normal fibroblasts. Normal and keloid fibroblasts were seeded in a device calibrated to deliver a known level of equibiaxial strain. We examined the transcriptional response of TGF‐β isoforms and collagen Iα, genes differentially expressed in keloids. Keloid fibroblasts produced more mRNA for TGF‐β1, TGF‐β2, and collagen Iα after mechanical strain compared to normals, and this was correlated with protein production. Inhibiting the major mechanical signal transduction pathway with the ERK inhibitor, U0126, blocked upregulation of gene expression. In addition, keloid fibroblasts formed more focal adhesion complexes as measured by immunofluorescence for focal adhesion kinase, integrin β1, and vinculin. Finally, there is increased activation of focal adhesion kinase when we detected the phosphorylated form of focal adhesion kinase with immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. In summary, keloid fibroblasts have an exaggerated response to mechanical strain compared to normal fibroblasts leading to increased production of pro‐fibrotic growth factors. This may be one molecular mechanism for the development of keloids. J. Cell. Physiol. 206: 510–517, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.