bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Roots of Inequality: Texas School Politics and the Leadup to Rodriguez
Authors: McLeod Angus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractContrary to Supreme Court Justice Lewis F. Powell’s majority opinion in San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez (1973), Texas’s school finance system was the result of years of legislation and state-building that gave some areas the resources and capacity to provide more educational opportunities than others. As this article demonstrates, during the century leading up to the Rodriguez decision, Texas political leaders developed a public school funding system reliant on the highly unequal spatial distribution of property wealth across rural/urban, class, and racial lines. There was nothing inevitable about this. In fact, the history of Texas’s system reveals four pivotal eras when the state’s White leaders created and maintained a school finance system reliant on local property taxes and defined by rural/urban and racial differences that cemented deep inequalities. This case study traces those changes over time and brings part of the story to life through the example of Kirbyville, Texas, and its struggle to finance a new White high school. Returning to the historical roots of school financing in Texas reveals how rural/urban, racial, and wealth inequalities have been foundational to Texas’s public school finance system.
Design, performance and application of a line-imaging velocity interferometer system for any reflector coupled with a streaked optical pyrometer system at the Shenguang-II upgrade laser facility
Authors: Yuan Dawei , Wang Shaojun , Wei Huigang , Gu Haochen , Dai Yu , Zhong Jiayong , Li Yutong , Zhao Gang , Zhang Jie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR) coupled with a streaked optical pyrometer (SOP) system is used as a diagnostic tool in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments involving equations of state and shock timing. To validate the process of adiabatically compressing the fuel shell through precise tuning of shocks in experimental campaigns for the double-cone ignition (DCI) scheme of ICF, a compact line-imaging VISAR with an SOP system is designed and implemented at the Shenguang-II upgrade laser facility. The temporal and spatial resolutions of the system are better than 30 ps and 7 μm, respectively. An illumination lens is used to adjust the lighting spot size matching with the target size. A polarization beam splitter and λ/4 waveplate are used to increase the transmission efficiency of our system. The VISAR and SOP work at 660 and 450 nm, respectively, to differentiate the signals from the scattered lights of the drive lasers. The VISAR can measure the shock velocity. At the same time, the SOP system can give the shock timing and relative strength. This system has been used in different DCI campaigns, where the generation and propagation processes of multi-shock are carefully diagnosed.
Potential use of weather derivatives in hedging aggregate viticulture yields: An analysis of the Niagara region of Canada
Authors: Cyr Don , Kushner Joseph , Zhang Mingtian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough potentially useful for financially hedging systemic weather-related risks, weather contracts/derivatives (also referred to as parametric insurance) have not seen wide adoption in agriculture outside of applications in developing countries, frequently supported by governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). A significant impediment is the lack of financial firms willing to stand ready to sell weather derivatives to individual agricultural producers in the over-the-counter market who, due to the localized nature of weather, face idiosyncratic weather-related risks. In particular, the administrative and reinsurance costs of supplying relatively small contracts with specific terms to many different producers are often prohibitive. The current study considers the potential use of weather derivatives in hedging the aggregate yield/revenues of viticulture producers represented by an industry association located in the province of Ontario, Canada. We examine the sensitivity of aggregate industry yields to several relevant weather-related risks employing copula function analysis. We then consider the potential of a weather derivative in hedging the financial risk associated with cold winter temperatures, which pose the greatest risk to aggregate vinifera yields. The issue of attributing costs and payouts to individual association members remains unresolved, and several alternatives are suggested.
Disentangling potential causal effects of educational duration on well-being, and mental and physical health outcomes
Authors: van de Weijer Margot P. , Demange Perline A. , Pelt Dirk H.M. , Bartels Meike , Nivard Michel G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundExtensive research has focused on the potential benefits of education on various mental and physical health outcomes. However, whether the associations reflect a causal effect is harder to establish.MethodsTo examine associations between educational duration and specific aspects of well-being, anxiety and mood disorders, and cardiovascular health in a sample of European Ancestry UK Biobank participants born in England and Wales, we apply four different causal inference methods (a natural policy experiment leveraging the minimum school-leaving age, a sibling-control design, Mendelian randomization [MR], and within-family MR), and assess if the methods converge on the same conclusion.ResultsA comparison of results across the four methods reveals that associations between educational duration and these outcomes appears predominantly to be the result of confounding or bias rather than a true causal effect of education on well-being and health outcomes. Although we do consistently find no associations between educational duration and happiness, family satisfaction, work satisfaction, meaning in life, anxiety, and bipolar disorder, we do not find consistent significant associations across all methods for the other phenotypes (health satisfaction, depression, financial satisfaction, friendship satisfaction, neuroticism, and cardiovascular outcomes).ConclusionsWe discuss inconsistencies in results across methods considering their respective limitations and biases, and additionally discuss the generalizability of our findings in light of the sample and phenotype limitations. Overall, this study strengthens the idea that triangulation across different methods is necessary to enhance our understanding of the causal consequences of educational duration.
The development of a novel terrestrial/aerial robot: autonomous quadrotor tilting hybrid robot
Authors: Zhang Daoxun , Xu Ming , Zhu Pengming , Guo Ce , Zhong Zhengyu , Lu Huimin , Zheng Zhiqiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) possess fast-moving abilities and have been used in various tasks in the past decades. However, their performances are still restricted by insufficient endurance and confined environments. Intuitively, combining other locomotion modes with UAVs, such as diving and driving, would be an appropriate idea to improve the robot’s adaptability and solve the endurance problem. Recently, the terrestrial/aerial hybrid robots have drawn the researchers’ eyes for their outstanding performances, which can deploy flight mode to traverse insurmountable terrains and ground mode to increase endurance and realize detailed searches. Therefore, this paper developed the autonomous quadrotor tilting hybrid robot (AQT-HR) to achieve terrestrial/aerial dual-modal mobility and verified that the robot delivers high energy efficiency. The AQT-HR can achieve flying and driving through a quadrotor tilting mechanism, which can alter one single driving force into different directions. Furthermore, the dynamic models of the hybrid robot’s aerial and ground locomotion are derived and introduced into the model-feedforward PID control algorithm for improving the robot’s flying stability. Finally, we conducted some mobility tests and experiments about traversing obstacles to demonstrate that the proposed hybrid robot can realize autonomous mode switching and perform a low energy consumption in ground movement mode.
An Upper Pleistocene and Holocene Black Carbon‐Related Fire Record From the SW Balkans
Authors: Wöstehoff Luisa , Kappenberg Arne , Lehndorff Eva , Wagner Bernd , Panagiotopoulos Konstantinos , Amelung Wulf 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLake sediments are unique archives of human environment interactions. Lake Prespa is one of the oldest lakes in Europe, lying in the southwestern Balkans and thus on a possible dispersal route of anatomically modern humans from Africa. In this study, we investigated the effects of climate, vegetation and human activity on fire over the last 92,000 years in this region. Sediment samples were taken from Lake Prespa, and nearby Lake Ohrid for comparison of the regional relevance, and analyzed for benzene polycarboxylic acids as markers for burned organic carbon residues (black carbon, BC). Peaking contents of BC (up to 1 g BC kg−1 sediment) coincided with warm and humid phases, when forests expanded at marine isotope stages (MIS) 5 and 1. During the colder and more arid climates of MIS 4 and 2, BC contents were lowered by a factor of 10, with a distinct minimum during the Last Glacial Maximum (0.07 g BC kg−1). The ratio of pentacarboxylic acid to mellitic acid (B5CA/B6CA) declined from 1.2 at MIS 5 to values of 0.3 at MIS 2, confirming a change in fire regime. Overall, BC contents peaked at cycles of solar radiation, vegetation composition and fuel availability, and thus correspond to the BC signal of other environmental archives. However, in the Late Holocene and as a result of human sedentary settlement, BC production increased, independent of decreasing insolation forcing.
Interdecadal Changes in the Linkage Between North Pacific Oscillation During May and Northeast China Precipitation During Mid‐Summer: The Influence of North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Han Tingting , He Shengping , Zhou Botao , Li Shangfeng , Hao Xin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany previous studies have documented the relationship between the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and the weather/climate of upstream and downstream regions. However, the stability of NPO precursor signals of East Asian summer precipitation, which is important for climate prediction, has received little attention. This study identified temporal variations in the connection between the May NPO and subsequent midsummer precipitation over Northeast China (NEC) during 1961–2020. During 1986–2010, the correlation between the May NPO and midsummer precipitation over NEC was found significantly positive, whereas the relation was found statistically insignificant during 1961–1985/2011–2020. Further results indicated that the NPO stimulated a Rossby wave source over the North Pacific that was stronger during 1986–2010 than during 1961–1985/2011–2020. The Rossby wave source anomalies shifted to North America and to the North Atlantic during the subsequent June and midsummer, respectively. Consequently, a teleconnection wave train, which originated over the North Pacific, propagated eastward to North America, across the North Atlantic, and on to East Asia on the subseasonal time scale, influencing midsummer precipitation over NEC through modulation of the atmospheric circulation (e.g., horizontal wind, moisture transport, and vertical movement). Moreover, the intensified Rossby wave anomalies associated with the May NPO were attributed to the strengthened NPO, which could be related to the enhanced standard deviation of SLP over the North Pacific. Additionally, the strengthened out‐of‐phase relation between the NPO and the North Atlantic Oscillation, resulting from changes in the background circulation, partially contributed to intensification of the Rossby wave train.
Trace Element Geochemistry in North Pacific Red Clay Sediment Porewaters and Implications for Water‐Column Studies
Authors: Steiner Zvi , Antler Gilad , Berelson William M. , Crockford Peter W. , Dunlea Ann G. , Hou Yi , Adkins Jess F. , Turchyn Alexandra V. , Achterberg Eric P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGeochemical analyses of trace elements in the ocean water column have suggested that pelagic clay‐rich sediments are a major source of various elements to bottom‐waters. However, corresponding high‐quality measurements of trace element concentrations in porewaters of pelagic clay‐rich sediments are scarce, making it difficult to evaluate the contributions from benthic processes to global oceanic cycles of trace elements. To bridge this gap, we analyzed porewater and bulk sediment concentrations of vanadium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, arsenic, molybdenum, barium and uranium, as well as concentrations of the major oxidants nitrate, manganese, iron, and sulfate in the top 30 cm of cores collected along a transect from Hawaii to Alaska. The data show large increases in porewater concentrations of vanadium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, and arsenic within the top cm of the sediment, consistent with the release of these elements from remineralized organic matter. The sediments are a sink for sulfate, uranium, and molybdenum, even though conditions within the sampled top 30 cm remain aerobic. Porewater chromium concentrations generally increase with depth due to release from sediment particles. Extrapolated to the global aerial extent of pelagic clay sediment, the benthic fluxes in mol yr−1 are Ba 3.9 ± 3.6 × 109, Mn 3.4 ± 3.5 × 108, Co 2.6 ± 1.3 × 107, Ni 9.6 ± 8.6 × 108, Cu 4.6 ± 2.4 × 109, Cr 1.7 ± 1.1 × 108, As 6.1 ± 7.0 × 108, V 6.0 ± 2.5 × 109. With the exception of vanadium, calculated fluxes across the sediment–water interface are consistent with the variability in bottom‐water concentrations and ocean residence time of the studied elements.
Impact of the TAO/TRITON Array on Reanalyses and Predictions of the 2015 El Niño
Authors: Hackert Eric , Akella S. , Ren L. , Nakada K. , Carton J. A. , Molod A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStarting in the early 1990's, the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO)/TRIangle Trans Ocean buoy Network (TRITON) array has been the pervasive source for observing large‐scale equatorial wave propagation which is key for El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) predictions. However, removal of western TRITON moorings, the plan to reorganize the array (i.e., TPOS 2020), and availability of other sources of in situ data (e.g., Argo) have highlighted the need to rigorously assess the impact of TAO/TRITON data on ENSO predictions. Therefore, we evaluate TAO/TRITON array using data denial assimilation experiments and assess the impact on coupled atmosphere/ocean predictions of the big 2015 El Niño. Validation of the CONTROL (assimilates all available data) and NOTAO (withholds TAO/TRITON data) reanalyses shows that assimilating TAO/TRITON data generally improves comparisons versus gridded and pointwise in situ observations. This is especially true across the entire basin above and in the eastern half of the Pacific just below the thermocline for temperature. Even with relatively few observations, salinity is generally improved except near 120°W near the surface. To evaluate the impact of TAO/TRITON data on ENSO initialization, seasonal forecasts were initialized from the CONTROL and NOTAO experiments. For the 9‐month forecasts which were initialized in January, July, and October 2015, both the amplitude and the accuracy of the ensembles initialized with TAO/TRITON data were closer to observations. Through the analysis of Kelvin and Rossby waves, we show that the impact of TAO/TRITON is to generally shoal the mixed layer depth, leading to amplification of the El Niño downwelling signal, and improving the amplitude of the ENSO signal.
Significant Impact of Reactive Chlorine on Complex Air Pollution Over the Yangtze River Delta Region, China
Authors: Yi Xin , Sarwar Golam , Bian Jinting , Huang Ling , Li Qinyi , Jiang Sen , Liu Hanqing , Wang Yangjun , Chen Hui , Wang Tao , Chen Jianmin , Saiz‐Lopez Alfonso , Wong David C. , Li Li 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe chlorine radical (Cl) plays a crucial role in the formation of secondary air pollutants by determining the total atmospheric oxidative capacity (AOC). However, there are still large discrepancies among studies on chlorine chemistry, mainly due to uncertainties from three aspects: (a) Anthropogenic emissions of reactive chlorine species from disinfectant usage are typically overlooked. (b) The heterogeneous reaction uptake coefficients used in air quality models resulted in certain differences. (c) The co‐effect of anthropogenic and natural emissions is rarely investigated. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)‐Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system (updated with 21 new reactions and a comprehensive emissions inventory) was used to simulate the combined impact of chlorine emissions on the air quality of a coastal city cluster in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region. The results indicate that the new emissions of reactive chlorine and the updated gas‐phase and heterogeneous chlorine chemistry can significantly enhance the AOC by 21.3%, 8.7%, 43.3%, and 58.7% in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. This is more evident in inland areas with high Cl concentrations. Our updates to the chlorine chemistry also increases the monthly mean maximum daily 8‐hr average (MDA 8) O3 mixing ratio by 4.1–7.0 ppbv in different seasons. Additionally, chlorine chemistry promotes the formation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), with maximum monthly average enhancements of 4.7–13.3 μg/m3 in different seasons. This study underlines the significance of adding full chlorine emissions and updating chlorine chemistry in air quality models, and demonstrates that chlorine chemistry may significantly impact air quality over coastal regions.
Microcolin H, a novel autophagy inducer, exerts potent antitumour activity by targeting PITPα/β
Authors: Yang Hange , Zhang Xiaowei , Wang Cong , Zhang Hailong , Yi Juan , Wang Kun , Hou Yanzhe , Ji Peihong , Jin Xiaojie , Li Chenghao , Zhang Min , Huang Shan , Jia Haoyuan , Hu Kuan , Mou Lingyun , Wang Rui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe identification of effective drug targets and the development of bioactive molecules are areas of high need in cancer therapy. The phosphatidylinositol transfer protein alpha/beta isoform (PITPα/β) has been reported to play an essential role in integrating phosphoinositide trafficking and lipid metabolism in diverse cellular processes but remains unexplored as a potential target for cancer treatment. Herein, data analysis of clinical cancer samples revealed that PITPα/β expression is closely correlated with the poor prognosis. Target identification by chemical proteomic methods revealed that microcolin H, a naturally occurring marine lipopeptide, directly binds PITPα/β and displays antiproliferative activity on different types of tumour cell lines. Furthermore, we identified that microcolin H treatment increased the conversion of LC3I to LC3II, accompanied by a reduction of the level of p62 in cancer cells, leading to autophagic cell death. Moreover, microcolin H showed preeminent antitumour efficacy in nude mouse subcutaneous tumour models with low toxicity. Our discoveries revealed that by targeting PITPα/β, microcolin H induced autophagic cell death in tumours with efficient anti-proliferating activity, which sheds light on PITPα/β as a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Effects of green light-emitting diode irradiation on hepatic differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells generated from human adipose-derived mesenchymal cells
Authors: Waki Yuhei , Saito Yu , Chen Shuhai , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Noma Takayuki , Teraoku Hiroki , Yamada Shinichiro , Morine Yuji , Shimada Mitsuo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLight-emitting diode (LED) irradiation has been used in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into a variety of cell types. This study investigated the effect of green LED (GLED) irradiation on the differentiation of adipocyte-derived mesenchymal cells into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) and the mechanism of its action. HLCs in the hepatocyte maturation phase were irradiated with GLED (520 nm, 21 W/m2, 5 min/day for 10 days). The cells were then assessed for expression of hepatocyte maturity genes and opsin 3 (OPN3), hepatocyte function, viability, apoptosis, and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and calcium ions (Ca2+). GLED irradiation increased Alpha-1 antitrypsin and Ornithine transcarbamylase gene expression, promoted Cytochrome P450 3A4 activity and urea synthesis, and elevated intracellular ROS, ATP and Ca2+ levels. OPN3 expression was significantly more upregulated in GLED-irradiated HLCs than in the non-irradiated HLCs. No significant difference in cell viability or apoptosis was observed between GLED-irradiated and non-irradiated HLCs. GLED irradiation can promote hepatocyte maturation and functions through OPN3. GLED irradiation also stimulated mitochondrial function via Ca2+/ATP/ROS activation. GLED irradiation has potential to support cell-based transplantation in patients.
The power of one clean qubit in supervised machine learning
Authors: Karimi Mahsa , Javadi-Abhari Ali , Simon Christoph , Ghobadi Roohollah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the potential benefits of quantum coherence and quantum discord in the non-universal quantum computing model called deterministic quantum computing with one qubit (DQC1) in supervised machine learning. We show that the DQC1 model can be leveraged to develop an efficient method for estimating complex kernel functions. We demonstrate a simple relationship between coherence consumption and the kernel function, a crucial element in machine learning. The paper presents an implementation of a binary classification problem on IBM hardware using the DQC1 model and analyzes the impact of quantum coherence and hardware noise. The advantage of our proposal lies in its utilization of quantum discord, which is more resilient to noise than entanglement.