bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Logic Applied to the Inverter of a SOFC Power Plant
Authors: Jurado F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSolid‐oxide fuel cell (SOFC) units normally supply power to the local load centers but the excess power can also be exported to the regional power grid, adding to the capacity and stability of the overall grid system. A SOFC power plant is equipped with a pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter. This paper presents the design of a new fuzzy logic regulator for a three‐phase inverter, using the strategy of an inverter flux vector control method. Criteria for designing the fuzzy controller are given and a comparison with the hysteresis method is presented. The flux vector approach is to generate the command pulses for low ripple current and constant switching frequency.
Regional cerebral blood flow in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Comparison before and after methylphenidate treatment
Authors: Lee Jae Sung , Kim Boong Nyun , Kang Eunjoo , Lee Dong Soo , Kim Yu Kyeong , Chung June‐Key , Lee Myung Chul , Cho Soo Churl 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDifferences in brain activity of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been compared to normal healthy controls, suggesting neural correlates of cognitive/behavioral symptoms. Symptoms are improved with methylphenidate treatment but limited sources can be cited to show how brain activity in ADHD is altered after pharmacologic treatment. We investigated how long‐term oral medication of methylphenidate affects the resting regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in ADHD children, using single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). rCBF was decreased in the orbitofrontal cortex and middle temporal gyrus in the right hemisphere whereas it was increased in the dorsomedial prefrontal and somatosensory area bilaterally in drug‐naïve ADHD children compared to control child subjects. After treatment with methylphenidate, the extent of hyperperfusion in the somatosensory area was reduced and significant reduction of rCBF was found in the right striatum for the first time. Methylphenidate treatment also resulted in rCBF increase in superior prefrontal and reduction in ventral higher visual areas bilaterally. The results indicated that improving ADHD symptom after methylphenidate is associated with normalization of abnormally reduced orbitofrontal activity and abnormally increased somatosensory cortical activity. These changes were accompanied with reduced striatum activity lower than that of normal controls. These changes might be associated with improving ADHD to control attention and motor response to irrelevant environmental stimuli after methylphenidate treatment. Hum. Brain Mapp 24:157–164, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An efficient therapeutic approach to patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia using a combination of arsenic trioxide with low‐dose all‐trans retinoic acid
Authors: Wang Guanjun , Li Wei , Cui Jiuwei , Gao Sujun , Yao Cheng , Jiang Zhenyu , Song Yanqiu , Yuan Chang‐Ji , Yang Yan , Liu Ziling , Cai Lu 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe use of arsenic trioxide (As2O3, ATO) combined with all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has recently been reported to induce remission in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, its efficiency remains inconclusive mainly due to the small number of the available cases. In this study, therefore, we present a clinical study using a combination of ATO with low‐dose ATRA (LD‐ATRA) to treat 108 APL patients (80 newly diagnosed patients, 28 relapsed patients). Therapeutic outcomes using the ATO/LD‐ATRA approach were compared with those of APL patients treated either with ATO alone (65 patients) or ATRA alone (51 patients). The results showed that the ATO/LD‐ATRA approach provided significantly better therapeutic outcomes as compared to either ATO or ATRA alone, as evidenced by lower mortality, a higher CR rate and a reduced period to CR. In addition, the toxic side‐effects have been no worse with the combined ATO/LD‐ATRA treatment than with either ATO or ATRO alone and in some cases have been reduced. These data suggest that the ATO/LD‐ATRA regimen is superior to either regimen given alone to patients with APL. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of chemisorbed hyaluronic acid directly immobilized on solid substrates
Authors: Suh Kahp Y. , Yang Jen Ming , Khademhosseini Ali , Berry David , Tran Thanh‐Nga T. , Park Hyongshin , Langer Robert 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHyaluronic acid (HA) has a number of potential biomedical applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. For these applications, a prerequisite is to understand the characteristic of HA films directly immobilized to solid substrates. Here, we demonstrate that high molecular weight HA can be directly immobilized onto hydrophilic substrates without any chemical manipulation, allowing for the formation of an ultrathin chemisorbed layer. Hyaluronic acid is stabilized on these surfaces through hydrogen bonding between the hydrophilic moieties in HA [such as carboxylic acid (COOH) or hydroxyl (OH) groups] with silanol (SiOH), carboxylic acid or hydroxyl groups on the hydrophilic substrates. Despite the water solubility, the chemisorbed HA layer remained stable on glass or silicon oxide substrates for at least 7 days in phosphate‐buffered saline. Furthermore, HA immobilized on silicon and other dioxide surfaces in much higher quantities than other polysaccharides including dextran sulfate, heparin, heparin sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and alginic acid. This behavior is related to the molecular entanglement and intrinsic stiffness of HA as a result of strong internal and external hydrogen bonding as well as high molecular weight. These results demonstrate that HA can be used to coat surfaces through direct immobilization. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 72B: 292–298, 2005
Cooperative activation of atrial naturetic peptide promoter by dHAND and MEF2C
Authors: Zang Ming‐Xi , Li Yong , Xue Li‐Xiang , Jia Hong‐Ti , Jing Hua 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAn intricate array of cell‐specific multiprotein complexes participate in programs of cell‐specific gene expression through combinatorial interaction with different transcription factors and cofactors. The dHAND basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factor, which is essential for heart development and extra embryonic structures, is thought to regulate cardiomyocyte‐specific gene expression through combinatorial interactions with other cardiac‐restricted transcription factors such as GATA4 and NKX2.5. Here, we determine that dHAND also interacts with the myocyte enhancer binding factor‐2c (MEF2C) protein, which belongs to MADS‐box transcription factors and is essential for heart development. dHAND and MEF2C synergistically activated expression of the atrial naturetic peptide gene (ANP) in transfected HeLa cells. GST‐pulldown and immunoprecipitation assay demonstrate that full‐length MEF2C protein is able to interact with dHAND in vitro and in vivo, just like MEF2A and bHLH transcription factors MyoD in skeletal muscle cells. In addition, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) demonstrate that MEF2C and dHAND do not influence each other's DNA binding activity. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis in H9c2 cells we show that dHAND interact with MEF2C to form protein complex and bind A/T sequence in promoter of ANP. Taken together with previous observations, these results suggest the existence of large multiprotein transcriptional complex with core DNA binding proteins that physically interact with other transcriptional factors to form favorable conformation to potentiate transcription. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ApcMin/+ mouse model of colon cancer: Gene expression profiling in tumors
Authors: Leclerc Daniel , Deng Liyuan , Trasler Jacquetta , Rozen Rima 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe ApcMin/+ mouse is a popular animal model for studies of human colon cancer, but the molecular changes associated with neoplasia in this system have only been partially characterized. Our aim was to identify novel genes involved in tumorigenesis in this model. RNA from intestinal adenomas and from pre‐neoplastic small intestine were prepared from six ApcMin/+ mice. The tumor transcriptomes were analyzed with high‐density oligonucleotide microarrays representing ∼12,000 probe sets; we compared their profiles with those of matched pre‐neoplastic intestine. Stringent analysis revealed reproducible changes for 98 probe sets representing 90 genes, including novel observations regarding 50 genes whose involvement in this mouse model has never been reported. In addition to the expected changes in growth regulatory genes, the altered gene products could be assigned to four functional groupings that should enhance tumorigenesis: metabolic changes that would result in a high rate of glycolysis, alterations in enzymes involved in reactive oxygen species or carcinogen metabolism, cytoskeletal elements, and proteins involved in tumor invasion or angiogenesis. A fifth group consisted of expression changes that might restrict tumor progression, suggesting that the adenomatous state reflects a balance of pro‐ and anti‐tumorigenic factors. Since many of the altered genes had not previously been reported to be involved in any tumorigenic processes, our observations provide a host of new candidates for potential modulation to prevent or treat intestinal neoplasia. Supplementary material for this article can be found at http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/suppmat/0730‐2312/suppmat/v93.html. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aluminum decreases the glutathione regeneration by the inhibition of NADP‐isocitrate dehydrogenase in mitochondria
Authors: Murakami Keiko , Yoshino Masataka 
Published: October 2004

AbstractEffect of aluminum on the NADPH supply and glutathione regeneration in mitochondria was analyzed. Reduced glutathione acted as a principal scavenger of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. Aluminum inhibited the regeneration of glutathione from the oxidized form, and the effect was due to the inhibition of NADP‐isocitrate dehydrogenase the only enzyme supplying NADPH in mitochondria. In cytosol, aluminum inhibited the glutathione regeneration dependent on NADPH supply by malic enzyme and NADP‐isocitrate dehydrogenase, but did not affect the glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase dependent glutathione formation. Aluminum can cause oxidative damage on cellular biological processes by inhibiting glutathione regeneration through the inhibition of NADPH supply in mitochondria, but only a little inhibitory effect on the glutathione generation in cytosol. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wnt 3a promotes proliferation and suppresses osteogenic differentiation of adult human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Boland Genevieve M. , Perkins Geraldine , Hall David J. , Tuan Rocky S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMultipotential adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to differentiate along several known lineages, and lineage commitment is tightly regulated through specific cellular mediators and interactions. Recent observations of a low/high bone‐mass phenotype in patients expressing a loss‐/gain‐of‐function mutation in LRP5, a coreceptor of the Wnt family of signaling molecules, suggest the importance of Wnt signaling in bone formation, possibly involving MSCs. To analyze the role of Wnt signaling in mesenchymal osteogenesis, we have profiled the expression of WNTs and their receptors, FRIZZLEDs (FZDs), and several secreted Wnt inhibitors, such as SFRPs, and examined the effect of Wnt 3a, as a representative canonical Wnt member, during MSC osteogenesis in vitro. WNT11, FZD6, SFRP2, and SFRP3 are upregulated during MSC osteogenesis, while WNT9A and FZD7 are downregulated. MSCs also respond to exogenous Wnt 3a, based on increased β‐catenin nuclearization and activation of a Wnt‐responsive promoter, and the magnitude of this response depends on the MSC differentiation state. Wnt 3a exposure inhibits MSC osteogenic differentiation, with decreased matrix mineralization and reduced alkaline phosphatase mRNA and activity. Wnt 3a treatment of fully osteogenically differentiated MSCs also suppresses osteoblastic marker gene expression. The Wnt 3a effect is accompanied by increased cell number, resulting from both increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis, particularly during expansion of undifferentiated MSCs. The osteo‐suppressive effects of Wnt 3a are fully reversible, i.e., treatment prior to osteogenic induction does not compromise subsequent MSC osteogenesis. The results also showed that sFRP3 treatment attenuates some of the observed Wnt 3a effects on MSCs, and that inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling using a dominant negative TCF1 enhances MSC osteogenesis. Interestingly, expression of Wnt 5a, a non‐canonical Wnt member, appeared to promote osteogenesis. Taken together, these findings suggest that canonical Wnt signaling functions in maintaining an undifferentiated, proliferating progenitor MSC population, whereas non‐canonical Wnts facilitate osteogenic differentiation. Release from canonical Wnt regulation is a prerequisite for MSC differentiation. Thus, loss‐/gain‐of‐function mutations of LRP5 would perturb Wnt signaling and depress/promote bone formation by affecting the progenitor cell pool. Elucidating Wnt regulation of MSC differentiation is important for their potential application in tissue regeneration. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of low density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein‐1 on the expression of platelet‐derived growth factor β‐receptor in vitro
Authors: Wu Lihua , Arandjelovic Sanja , Gonias Steven L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe low density lipoprotein receptor related protein‐1 (LRP‐1) is a cargo transport receptor that undergoes constitutive endocytosis and recycling. Platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) binds to LRP‐1 and may bridge LRP‐1 to PDGF receptors. Bridging of LRP‐1 to other receptors by bifunctional ligands may represent a general mechanism whereby LRP‐1 facilitates internalization of membrane proteins. The goal of this study was to determine whether LRP‐1 regulates cell‐surface levels of PDGF β‐receptor or PDGF β‐receptor degradation following treatment with PDGF‐BB. Unexpectedly, in both murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and HT 1080 fibrosarcoma cells, LRP‐1 expression was associated with increased levels of PDGF β‐receptor. In MEFs, the mechanism involved increased PDGF β‐receptor transcription and/or RNA stabilization. LRP‐1 expression was not associated with increased levels of PDGF β‐receptor in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, suggesting that cell context is important. The kinetics of PDGF β‐receptor phosphorylation, in response to PDGF‐BB, and the extent of degradation of PDGF β‐receptor were equivalent in LRP‐1‐expressing and ‐deficient MEFs. We conclude that PDGF β‐receptor expression and cell surface levels may be regulated by LRP‐1; however, this activity is cell type‐specific. LRP‐1 does not directly regulate PDGF β‐receptor phosphorylation or degradation in PDGF‐BB‐treated cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1: Association with nuclear lamins in rodent liver cells
Authors: Vidaković Melita , Grdović Nevena , Quesada Piera , Bode Jürgen , Poznanović Goran 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe distribution of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1) over different nuclear compartments was studied by nuclear fractionation procedures and Western analysis revealing a prominent role of the nuclear matrix. This structure is operationally defined by the solubility properties of the A‐ and B‐type lamins under defined experimental conditions. We consistently observed that most of the nuclear matrix‐associated PARP‐1 partitioned, in an active form, with the insoluble, lamin‐enriched protein fractions that were prepared by a variety of established biochemical procedures. These PARP‐1–protein interactions resisted salt extraction, disulfide reduction, RNase and DNase digestion. An inherent ability of PARP‐1 to reassemble with the lamins became evident after a cycle of solubilization/dialysis using either urea or Triton X‐100 and disulfide reduction, indicating that these interactions were dominated by hydrophobic forces. Together with in vivo crosslinking and co‐immunoprecipitation experiments our results show that the lamins are prominent PARP‐1‐binding partners which could contribute to the functional sequestration of the enzyme on the nuclear matrix. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructure of posterior sternal glands of Macrotermes annandalei (Silvestri): New members of the sexual glandular set found in termites (Insecta)
Authors: Quennedey André , Peppuy Alexis , Courrent Annie , Robert Alain , Everaerts Claude , Bordereau Christian 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn female alates of Macrotermes annandalei, two types of abdominal glands are involved in the secretion of sex pheromone. Tergal glands are found at the anterior margin of tergites 6–10 and posterior sternal glands (PSGs) are located at the anterior margin of sternites 6–7. The cytological features of both types of glands are quite similar. The fine structural organization of PSGs is studied more precisely and described for the first time. The glandular cuticle is pitted with narrow apertures corresponding to the openings of numerous subcuticular pouches. Several Class 3 glandular units open in each pouch. One canal cell and one secretory cell make an individual glandular unit. The canal cell is enlarged apically and is connected with the other canal cells to form a common pouch. Based on the structural features found in these glands, we propose a common secretory process for PSGs and tergal glands. During the physiological maturation of alates inside the nest, secretory vesicles amass in the cytoplasm of secretory cells, while large intercellular spaces collapse the cuticular pouches. At the time of dispersal flight, pouches are filled with the content of secretory vesicles while intercellular spaces are sharply reduced. After calling behavior, no secretion remains in the glands and pouches collapse again, while secretory cells are drastically reduced in size. The structure and the secretory processes of PSGs and tergal glands are compared to those of abdominal sexual glands known in termites. J. Morphol. 262:683–691, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Release of aldosterone and catecholamines from the interrenal gland of Triturus carnifex in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) administration
Authors: Capaldo A. , Gay F. , Valiante S. , Varlese M.G. , Laforgia V. , Varano L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe influence of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on the interrenal gland of Triturus carnifex was investigated by in vivo administration of synthetic ACTH. The effects were evaluated by examination of the ultrastructural morphological and morphometrical features of the tissues as well as the circulating serum levels of aldosterone, noradrenaline (NA), and adrenaline (A). In June and November, ACTH administration increased aldosterone release (from 281.50 ± 1.60 pg/ml in carrier‐injected newts to 597.02 ± 3.35 pg/ml in June; from 187.45 ± 1.34 pg/ml in carrier‐injected animals to 651.00 ± 3.61 pg/ml in November). The steroidogenic cells showed clear signs of stimulation, together with a reduction of lipid content in June and an increase of lipid content in November. Moreover, ACTH administration decreased the mean total number of secretory vesicles in the chromaffin cells in June (from 7.73 ± 0.60 granules/μm2 in carrier‐injected animals to 5.91 ± 0.40 granules/μm2) and November (from 7.78 ± 0.75 granules/μm2 in carrier‐injected newts to 4.87 ± 0.40 granules/μm2). In June, however, when T. carnifex chromaffin cells contain almost exclusively NA granules (NA: 7.42 ± 0.86 granules/μm2; A: 0.32 ± 0.13 granules/μm2), ACTH decreased NA content (5.52 ± 0.32 granules/μm2) increasing NA release (from 639.82 ± 3.30 pg/ml in carrier‐injected to 880.55 ± 4.52 pg/ml). In November, when both catecholamines, NA (3.92 ± 0.34 granules/μm2) and A (3.84 ± 0.33 granules/μm2), are present in the chromaffin cells, ACTH administration reduced A content (1.02 ± 0.20 granules/μm2), enhancing adrenaline secretion (from 681.30 ± 3.62 pg/ml in carrier‐injected newts to 1,335.73 ± 9.03 pg/ml). The results of this study indicate that ACTH influences the steroidogenic tissue, eliciting aldosterone release. The effects on the chromaffin tissue, increase of NA or A secretion, according to the period of chromaffin cell functional cycle, may be direct and/or mediated through the increase of aldosterone release. Finally, the lack of an increase of A content in the chromaffin cells, or A serum level, following ACTH administration in June might suggest an independence of PNMT enzyme on corticosteroids. J. Morphol. 262:692–700, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryological aspects of inducible morphological defenses in Daphnia
Authors: Laforsch Christian , Tollrian Ralph 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMany cases of predator‐induced morphological plasticity in daphnids are well studied examples of inducible defenses. However, little is known about the early development of these sometimes conspicuous traits. We compared for the first time in five different Daphnia species the embryonic development of predator‐induced and noninduced animals using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We observed significant morphological changes in the last embryonic stage in helmet formation in Daphnia cucullata and in neck‐pedestal development in Daphnia pulex. In contrast, no morphological changes could be found during embryogenesis between induced and noninduced Daphnia lumholtzi, D. longicephala, and D. ambigua. Strategies for initiating the defensive traits differ among Daphnia species because of trade‐offs between environmental requirements and developmental constraints. Some general features of Daphnia embryonic development are described using SEM. All Daphnia embryos have to shed at least three different membranes before leaving the brood pouch of the mother. After the embryos shed the third membrane, chemosensillae that are likely able to detect predator‐released chemicals are exposed to the olfactory environment. J. Morphol. 262: 701–707, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracranial portion of the trochlear nerve and dorsal oblique muscle composition in dog: A structural and ultrastructural study
Authors: Vivo Joaquín , Morales José L. , Diz Andrés , Galisteo Alfonso M. , Monterde José G. , Blanco Alfonso , Agüera Eduardo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn the present investigation the right intracranial portion of the trochlear nerves and dorsal oblique muscle of the right ocular globe were removed from six adult dogs and analyzed by light and electron microscopy. Unmyelinated fibers were observed in the analyzed nerves. The number, diameter, area, and density of myelinated fibers were determined, as were corresponding axon area and diameter and myelin sheath thickness. Frequency histograms of myelin sheath thickness and fiber size show a bimodal distribution with a similar proportion of large and small fibers. Muscle samples were taken from the central portion of the muscle belly, subsequently frozen, cut, and stained with m‐ATPase at pH 4.6. Fibers were classified as Type 1 or Type 2 according to their reaction to the m‐ATPase and detailed morphologic and morphometric studies were made. The muscles showed two clearly distinct layers, a central layer and a peripheral layer, chiefly composed of Type 2 fibers. The fibers in the central layer were larger in size than those in the peripheral layer. J. Morphol. 262:708–713, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.