bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron Precipitation Observed by ELFIN Using Proton Precipitation as a Proxy for Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) Waves
Authors: Capannolo L. , Li W. , Ma Q. , Qin M. , Shen X.‐C. , Angelopoulos V. , Artemyev A. , Zhang X.‐J. , Hanzelka M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can drive radiation belt depletion and Low‐Earth Orbit satellites can detect the resulting electron and proton precipitation. The ELFIN (Electron Losses and Fields InvestigatioN) CubeSats provide an excellent opportunity to study the properties of EMIC‐driven electron precipitation with much higher energy and pitch‐angle resolution than previously allowed. We collect EMIC‐driven electron precipitation events from ELFIN observations and use POES (Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites) to search for 10s–100s keV proton precipitation nearby as a proxy of EMIC wave activity. Electron precipitation mainly occurs on localized radial scales (∼0.3 L), over 15–24 MLT and 5–8 L shells, stronger at ∼MeV energies and weaker down to ∼100–200 keV. Additionally, the observed loss cone pitch‐angle distribution agrees with quasilinear predictions at ≳250 keV (more filled loss cone with increasing energy), while additional mechanisms are needed to explain the observed low‐energy precipitation.
Estimating Fire Radiative Power Using Weather Radar Products for Wildfires
Authors: Saide P. E. , Krishna M. , Ye X. , Thapa L. H. , Turney F. , Howes C. , Schmidt C. C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSatellite‐based Fire radiative power (FRP) retrievals are used to track wildfire activity but are sometimes not possible or have large uncertainties. Here, we show that weather radar products including composite and base reflectivity and equivalent rainfall integrated in the vicinity of the fires show strong correlation with hourly FRP for multiple fires during 2019–2020. Correlation decreases when radar beams are blocked by topography and when there is significant ground clutter (GC) and anomalous propagation (AP). GC/AP can be effectively removed using a machine learning classifier trained with radar retrieved correlation coefficient, velocity, and spectrum width. We find a power‐law best describes the relationship between radar products and FRP for multiple fires combined (0.67–0.76 R2). Radar‐based FRP estimates can be used to fill gaps in satellite FRP created by cloud cover and show great potential to overcome satellite FRP biases occurring during extreme fire events.
Combining single-cell RNA sequencing and population-based studies reveals hand osteoarthritis-associated chondrocyte subpopulations and pathways
Authors: Li Hui , Jiang Xiaofeng , Xiao Yongbing , Zhang Yuqing , Zhang Weiya , Doherty Michael , Nestor Jacquelyn , Li Changjun , Ye Jing , Sha Tingting , Lyu Houchen , Wei Jie , Zeng Chao , Lei Guanghua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHand osteoarthritis is a common heterogeneous joint disorder with unclear molecular mechanisms and no disease-modifying drugs. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to compare the cellular composition and subpopulation-specific gene expression between cartilage with macroscopically confirmed osteoarthritis (n = 5) and cartilage without osteoarthritis (n = 5) from the interphalangeal joints of five donors. Of 105 142 cells, we identified 13 subpopulations, including a novel subpopulation with inflammation-modulating potential annotated as inflammatory chondrocytes. Fibrocartilage chondrocytes exhibited extensive alteration of gene expression patterns in osteoarthritic cartilage compared with nonosteoarthritic cartilage. Both inflammatory chondrocytes and fibrocartilage chondrocytes showed a trend toward increased numbers in osteoarthritic cartilage. In these two subpopulations from osteoarthritic cartilage, the ferroptosis pathway was enriched, and expression of iron overload-related genes, e.g., FTH1, was elevated. To verify these findings, we conducted a Mendelian randomization study using UK Biobank and a population-based cross-sectional study using data collected from Xiangya Osteoarthritis Study. Genetic predisposition toward higher expression of FTH1 mRNA significantly increased the risk of hand osteoarthritis (odds ratio = 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.11) among participants (n = 332 668) in UK Biobank. High levels of serum ferritin (encoded by FTH1), a biomarker of body iron overload, were significantly associated with a high prevalence of hand osteoarthritis among participants (n = 1 241) of Xiangya Osteoarthritis Study (P-for-trend = 0.037). In conclusion, our findings indicate that inflammatory and fibrocartilage chondrocytes are key subpopulations and that ferroptosis may be a key pathway in hand osteoarthritis, providing new insights into the pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets of hand osteoarthritis.
Topical application of synthetic melanin promotes tissue repair
Authors: Biyashev Dauren , Siwicka Zofia E. , Onay Ummiye V. , Demczuk Michael , Xu Dan , Ernst Madison K. , Evans Spencer T. , Nguyen Cuong V. , Son Florencia A. , Paul Navjit K. , McCallum Naneki C. , Farha Omar K. , Miller Stephen D. , Gianneschi Nathan C. , Lu Kurt Q. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn acute skin injury, healing is impaired by the excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Melanin, an efficient scavenger of radical species in the skin, performs a key role in ROS scavenging in response to UV radiation and is upregulated in response to toxic insult. In a chemical injury model in mice, we demonstrate that the topical application of synthetic melanin particles (SMPs) significantly decreases edema, reduces eschar detachment time, and increases the rate of wound area reduction compared to vehicle controls. Furthermore, these results were replicated in a UV-injury model. Immune array analysis shows downregulated gene expression in apoptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways consistent with histological reduction in apoptosis. Mechanistically, synthetic melanin intervention increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, decreases Mmp9 expression, and suppresses ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we observed that the application of SMPs caused increased populations of anti-inflammatory immune cells to accumulate in the skin, mirroring their decrease from splenic populations. To enhance antioxidant capacity, an engineered biomimetic High Surface Area SMP was deployed, exhibiting increased wound healing efficiency. Finally, in human skin explants, SMP intervention significantly decreased the damage caused by chemical injury. Therefore, SMPs are promising and effective candidates as topical therapies for accelerated wound healing, including via pathways validated in human skin.
Generation of a helper phage for the fluorescent detection of peptide-target interactions by dual-display phages
Authors: De Plano Laura Maria , Oddo Salvatore , Guglielmino Salvatore P. P. , Caccamo Antonella , Conoci Sabrina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhage display is a molecular biology technique that allows the presentation of foreign peptides on the surface of bacteriophages. It is widely utilized for applications such as the discovery of biomarkers, the development of therapeutic antibodies, and the investigation of protein–protein interactions. When employing phages in diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring assays, it is essential to couple them with a detection system capable of revealing and quantifying the interaction between the peptide displayed on the phage capsid and the target of interest. This process is often technically challenging and costly. Here, we generated a fluorescent helper phage vector displaying sfGFP in-frame to the pIII of the capsid proteins. Further, we developed an exchangeable dual-display phage system by combining our newly developed fluorescent helper phage vector with a phagemid vector harboring the engineered pVIII with a peptide-probe. By doing so, the sfGFP and a peptide-probe are displayed on the same phage particle. Notably, our dual-display approach is highly flexible as it allows for easy exchange of the displayed peptide-probe on the pVIII to gain the desired selectivity, while maintaining the sfGFP gene, which allows easy visualization and quantification of the interaction peptide-probe. We anticipate that this system will reduce time and costs compared to the current phage-based detection systems.
Evaluating anti-GPL-core IgA as a diagnostic tool for non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in Thai patients with high antibody background
Authors: Manbenmad Varis , So-ngern Apichart , Chetchotisakd Ploenchan , Faksri Kiatichai , Ato Manabu , Nithichanon Arnone , Lertmemongkolchai Ganjana 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDiagnosis of non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection is difficult due to low sensitivity and time-consuming laboratory tests. Current serological assays fail in tropical countries due to high antibody background. This study aimed to investigate an appropriate method for detecting anti-glycopeptidolipid (GPL)-core antibodies to diagnose NTM infection in Thailand. Heparinized plasma samples were collected from 20 patients with NTM-pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) and 22 patients with disseminated NTM (dNTM) for antibody detection by ELISA. The results were compared with those from patients with tuberculosis, other bacterial pulmonary infections and healthy controls. Among the different antibody isotypes, anti-GPL-core IgA exhibited the highest suitability. Therefore, anti-GPL-core IgA and its subclass IgA2 were further investigated. A significant increase in antibody levels was observed during the active infection stage, whereas NTM-PD with culture conversion at the 6-month follow-up showed reduced IgA levels. The diagnostic cut-off for IgA and IgA2 was newly defined as 1.4 and 1.0 U/ml, respectively. Using our IgA cut-off, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing NTM-PD were 77.3% and 81.4%, respectively. The new IgA cut-off demonstrated significantly improved specificity compared to the manufacturer's cut-off. Thus, serological detection of anti-GPL-core IgA, with a cut-off of 1.4 U/ml, can be a valuable tool for supporting NTM diagnosis in Thailand.
Ceg1 depletion reveals mechanisms governing degradation of non-capped RNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zanin Onofrio , Eastham Matthew , Winczura Kinga , Ashe Mark , Martinez-Nunez Rocio T. , Hebenstreit Daniel , Grzechnik Pawel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMost functional eukaryotic mRNAs contain a 5′ 7-methylguanosine (m7G) cap. Although capping is essential for many biological processes including mRNA processing, export and translation, the fate of uncapped transcripts has not been studied extensively. Here, we employed fast nuclear depletion of the capping enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to uncover the turnover of the transcripts that failed to be capped. We show that although the degradation of cap-deficient mRNA is dominant, the levels of hundreds of non-capped mRNAs increase upon depletion of the capping enzymes. Overall, the abundance of non-capped mRNAs is inversely correlated to the expression levels, altogether resembling the effects observed in cells lacking the cytoplasmic 5′−3′ exonuclease Xrn1 and indicating differential degradation fates of non-capped mRNAs. The inactivation of the nuclear 5′−3′ exonuclease Rat1 does not rescue the non-capped mRNA levels indicating that Rat1 is not involved in their degradation and consequently, the lack of the capping does not affect the distribution of RNA Polymerase II on the chromatin. Our data indicate that the cap presence is essential to initiate the Xrn1-dependent degradation of mRNAs underpinning the role of 5′ cap in the Xrn1-dependent buffering of the cellular mRNA levels.
Mikrobiom: von der Pathophysiologie in die Klinik?
Authors: Scharl Michael , Rogler Gerhard 
Published: November 2023

Was ist neu?
Die fest etablierte Indikation der Mikrobiota-Therapie: Clostridioides-difficile-Infektion Die fäkale Mikrobiota-Transplantation (FMT, „Stuhltransplantation“) ist sehr effektiv zur Behandlung der rezidivierenden Clostridioides-difficile-Diarrhöe. Sie ist nun nach den nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien spätestens beim zweiten Rezidiv indiziert. Erste kommerziell hergestellte FMT-Produkte (Rebyota) sind bereits in den USA zugelassen und bei uns im Zulassungsprozess. Kapsel-Präparate aus gereinigten Clostridien-Sporen haben bei der Clostridioides-difficile-Diarrhöe positive Ergebnisse gezeigt und sind ebenfalls im Prozess der Zulassung.
Mikrobiom und Reizdarmsyndrom Beim Reizdarmsyndrom sind die Studien zur FMT teilweise widersprüchlich. Der Verabreichungsweg (Duodenalsonde oder Koloskopie) spielt möglicherweise eine Rolle.
FMT bei chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen Bei chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen verfestigen sich die Belege, dass FMT bei Colitis ulcerosa wirksam ist, beim Morbus Crohn jedoch nicht.
Das Mikrobiom bei onkologischen Erkrankungen In der Onkologie verfestigen sich Befunde, dass die Mikrobiota die Immunantwort gegen Tumoren und Metastasen beeinflussen kann. Erste Studien zeigen, dass bei manchen Non-Respondern gegenüber einer Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Therapie die Therapieantwort durch FMT von einem Spender mit gutem Therapieresponse wiederhergestellt werden kann.
Impact of radial rake angle and machining constraints on the machining behavior and functionality of additive manufactured inconel 718 alloy
Authors: Gowthaman S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Additive manufactured (direct metal laser sintering) samples has shown greater surface roughness which leads to reduce the functionality of the components. Additionally, the cutting force requirement and obtainable surface finish show the vigorous role during the slot milling process of many materials. In this study, the slot milling process has been conducted on the Additive Manufactured (AM) Inconel 718 alloy under numerous cutter nomenclature such as −7°, 0° and +7° in radial rake angle and machining circumstances such as a cutting feed (5, 15, and 25 mm min−1) and cutting speed (14.13, 28.26, and 42.39 m min−1) to analyze its impact on the cutting force requirement and surface roughness of AM Inconel 718 alloy through TOPSIS statistical tool. Through the above analyses, it is found that the cutter nomenclature plays a vigorous role in the cutting force requirement and obtainable surface roughness followed by the cutting feed and cutting speed, owed to the establishment of moderate strain strengthening and thermal soothing effect.
Who is Helen Graham?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Shortly after her arrival, the hero’s irrepressibly cheeky young brother, Fergus, tells the fascinating new tenant of Wildfell Hall: ‘It amazes me, Mrs Graham, how you could choose such a dilapidated, ricketty old place as this to live in. If you couldn’t afford to occupy the whole house, and have it mended up, why couldn’t you take a neat little cottage?’ (p. 57). The lady gives an unsatisfactory answer –– perhaps, she lightly tells the young man, she was too proud or too ‘romantic’.
Fergus’s observation opens up another question which neither Helen nor Anne Brontë’s text answers for us. Helen Huntingdon wishes to escape her brutally alcoholic husband, Arthur. Given the date (and until 1857, well after the novel’s publication), Mr Huntingdon would be quite entitled, should he find his errant wife in England, to repossess his conjugal rights (i.e. rape her at will), to repossess whatever personal things she has taken with her as his stolen property, and to reassume sole parental responsibility for his son, little Arthur. It is clear (since he has adamantly refused her permission to leave his house, has alienated their child’s affections, and has removed her from all access to money) that Mr Huntingdon is in no mood to give up the chattels which the marriage laws of England have made over to him.
On a gross anachronism
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No one much liked the ending of Esmond when it was published in 1852. George Eliot’s comment is typical: ‘the most uncomfortable book you can imagine . . . the hero is in love with the daughter all through the book, and marries the mother at the end.’ Eliot’s discomfort has been shared by many –– perhaps most –– readers. It is troubling that a woman whom the orphaned hero clearly regards for much of the narrative as his mother should end up the mother of his own child. But Eliot is wrong, or impercipient, in her implication that there is something unexpected, or unprepared for, in Esmond’s eventual union with Rachel. For one thing, her name, with its allusion to the long-waited-for biblical bride (Genesis 29), is a clear hint sown in the earliest pages of the narrative. At other points Thackeray is at elaborate pains to predict the final marriage, and cue the reader that Harry’s ultimate happiness will lie not with the flighty Beatrix, but with her serene mother.
What is Jo Sweeping?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Philadelphia, in the winter of 1994–5, the pedestrian waiting at any of the cross-streets at Center City (as the heart of the metropolis is called) would find a helpful person with a broom sweeping an already spotless and carefully built-up gutter. Since the winter was the warmest since the thermometer was invented and the crossings no dirtier than the pavements, many tourists must have wondered why the governors of a city in financial crisis should have supplied this service. The reason for the army of crossing sweepers was the series of devastating ice-storms which had raged through the city in 1993–4, and the crop of lawsuits brought against Philadelphia by injured pedestrians.
Villette’s double ending
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Critics have traditionally been fascinated by the enigmatic ending of Villette–– particularly hyper-modern critics who see in the novel an anticipation of the ‘problematized text’, so beloved of deconstructionists and of theorists generally. To summarize: at the end of the narrative, Lucy Snowe has her virtuous pluck rewarded by the declared love and marriage proposals of her stern ‘professor’, Paul Emanuel. But before he can make Lucy his wife, Paul must spend three years working in the French protectorate Guadaloupe. The reasons for his exile to this faroff place are vaguely communicated to the reader by Lucy, in Chapter 39: ‘its alpha is Mammon, and its omega Interest’ (p. 576), she declares. Madame Walravens, we are informed, has earlier inherited by marriage a large estate at Basseterre, on the West Indian island: ‘if duly looked after by a competent agent of integrity’ for ‘a few years’, the estate will be ‘largely productive’. Madame Walravens asks Paul to be her ‘competent agent’.
The phantom pregnancy of Mary Flood Jones
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Trollope has enjoyed three major revivals in the last fifty years. The first occurred during the years of Britain’s siege culture in World War Two. Following a successful radio adaptation of the Barchester Novels in the early days of hostilities, reading Trollope became a cult among the literate middle classes as they whiled away the weary months of war. Dons in uniform like R. W. Chapman and John Sparrow, when they weren’t cracking codes at Bletchley Park, exchanged erudite aperçus about textual minutiae in Trollope’s novels. In a series of articles in the TLS they vied with each other to find misprints which had escaped the duller eyes of the novelist himself and his Victorian proof-readers.
Where is Tenway Junction?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The suicide of Ferdinand Lopez is regarded as one of the finest things in Trollope’s late fiction. An adventurer of dubious foreign extraction (even he, we are told on the first page, does not know who, or of what nationality, or of what ethnicity were his grandparents), Lopez has successfully invaded the upper echelons of English society. By preying on the susceptibilities of Lady Palliser with his un-English smoothness of manner, he has almost gained election to Parliament. He has won a monied English bride. He has, for a while, been prosperous in the City of London. Finally, Lopez’s house of cards falls. He is disgraced politically (bringing down Plantagenet Palliser’s administration with him), wholly alienated from his wife (whom he has abused dreadfully), and ruined financially.
Was he Popenjoy?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Question-marks are everywhere in Is he Popenjoy?. They figure on the cover, at the head of chapters, and throughout the text. Questions are profusely interpolated into the authorial commentary and characters interrogate themselves and others constantly. There are, as I count them, some 1,175 question-marks speckling the narrative of Is he Popenjoy?. For what the statistic is worth, Barchester Towers, written twenty years earlier and much the same length, has only 626.
The big question, of course, is the titular one. In the novel as it opens, Mary Lovelace, the daughter of an amiably combative Dean (only a generation away from ‘trade’), marries the younger son of an aristocratic family, Lord George Germain: Although he is not the heir, Lord George has very great expectations. His elder brother (by some ten years), the Marquis of Brotherton, lives in Italy, is in poor health, has dissolute habits, and is unmarried.
Who is Tom Jones’s father?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to the scholar John Mullan, even readers who know Fielding’s novel well will struggle with the above question, without recourse to the book. One can see why Tom’s paternity should be something of a poser. The crucial information is held back until the very last pages and then passed over quickly. Maternity is something else. That young Jones is Bridget Allworthy’s offspring will be picked up early by astute readers. It is implicit in Miss Allworthy’s instant partiality for the foundling –– a partiality which continues even after she has a legitimate child of her own (whom she evidently hates as his father’s son) –– and her refusal to join in the persecution of Jenny Jones. Fielding sows a number of such hints in the early chapters. But the author tantalizingly withholds the identity of Tom’s father –– even from the characters themselves at crucial junctures. It was, as Jenny tells Mr Allworthy, always Bridget’s intention ‘to communicate it to you’.
What does Mr Pickwick retire from?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a short puzzle because it is about something that seems not to exist, twice –– namely, Samuel Pickwick’s occupation in life. At the end of the novel, in which ‘everything is concluded to the satisfaction of everybody’, Mr Pickwick announces to his club confrères that events have:
rendered it necessary for me to think soberly and at once upon my future plans. I determined on retiring to some quiet, pretty neighbourhood in the vicinity of London; I saw a house which exactly suited my fancy. I have taken it and furnished it. It is fully prepared for my reception, and I intend entering upon it at once, trusting that I may yet live to spend many quiet years in peaceful retirement. (p. 714)
Retirement from what? At the beginning of the novel it is clear that Mr Pickwick is a gentleman in late middle-age, already retired from the hurly-burly of whatever sector of professional life he was previously engaged in. For two years he conducts his ‘Club’–– which is not an occupation as such, but an amateur society, or hobby. So, it would seem, Mr Pickwick retires to his haven at Dulwich from retirement.