bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased platelets aggregation in liver tissue of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Rongshan FAN , LI Yandong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective To observe the number of platelets aggregation in the liver of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its relationship with liver tissue inflammation, fibrosis and fatty lesion.
Methods The clinical data of 55 NAFLD patients and 25 non-NAFLD patients who were hospitalized in Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from December 2020 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The liver tissues obtained from liver biopsy were examined by routine pathology, and the platelets in liver tissues were marked by immunohistochemical staining with CD63 antibody. Then, the clinical data, liver pathology results and immunohistochemical staining results of the subjects were collected and analyzed by unpaired sample t test.
Results The number of platelets aggregation in liver tissue of NAFLD patients is higher than that of non-NAFLD patients, and the number of platelets aggregation in liver tissue is related to the degree of liver tissue inflammation, but not to the degree of liver tissue fibrosis and fatty lesions.
Conclusion The number of platelets aggregation in the liver of NAFLD patients is increased, which is related to the degree of liver tissue inflammation.
Efficacy of combined administration of Baekhogainsam-Tang and low-dose pilocarpine on frequent intractable xerostomia: study protocol for a multi-center randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Su Il , Lee Young Chan , Kim Ji Won , Kim Bo-Hyung , Lee Junhee , Eun Young-Gyu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Intractable xerostomia is defined as the subjective perception of dry mouth and persistent salivary gland hypofunction even after attempting treatment. Pilocarpine is an effective salivary sialagogue; however, it often exhibits more side effects at high doses and limited effectiveness at low doses. Baekhogainsam-Tang (BIT) is a common herbal formula used by patients complaining of sore throats and thirst. Several studies have reported that BIT increases salivary gland secretion and improves dry mouth symptoms without significant side effects. However, no clinical trials have studied the efficacy of the combined administration of BIT and low-dose pilocarpine for intractable xerostomia. Therefore, we aim to assess the non-inferior efficacy and fewer side effects of the combined administration of BIT and low-dose pilocarpine compared with the administration of only high-dose pilocarpine.
Methods
A randomized, open-label, parallel-group, multi-center trial will be conducted. A total of 120 patients with Sjogren’s syndrome having an unstimulated salivary flow rate (SFR) ≤ 0.1 mL/min or who have undergone radiotherapy to the head and neck with an unstimulated SFR ≤ 0.25 mL/min will be recruited competitively at four trial centers. They will be randomly allocated to either the experimental or control groups. The experimental group will receive BIT herbal granules three times and pilocarpine (2.5 mg) four times daily; meanwhile, the control group will receive only 5 mg pilocarpine four times daily for 12 weeks. The primary outcome is unstimulated SFR after 12 weeks of treatment. Secondary outcomes are stimulated SFR after 12 weeks of medication, as well as differences and mean percentage changes in unstimulated and stimulated SFR, visual analog scale, salivary scintigraphy, and questionnaires for both oral symptoms and quality of life from baseline to the end of the trial.
Discussion
This trial will be significant evidence on the efficacy and safety of the combined use of BIT and low-dose pilocarpine to treat intractable xerostomia.
Trial registration
This trial is registered with the Clinical Research Information Service of the Republic of Korea (ISRCTN, KCT0005982, Registered 10 March 2021).
Social Capital and Income Inequality: Findings From Selected High Income Countries
Authors: Bayraktar Murat 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Since the early 1980s, income inequality has increased in many nations whereas after 2008 financial crisis and Covid-19, this trend had accelerated. This paper aims to explore the effect of social capital for decreasing income inequality. Policymakers need to understand how social capital affects income inequality affects and to determine if there are other effects, since this may affect the sustainability of a country.
I used secondary data provided from reports of the World Bank, Eurostat, SolAbility and then subjected them to regression analysis and specifically; Hausman specification test fixed effect regression method, random effect regression method, Hausman endogeneity regression method. Based on these empirical results I can conclude that after governance, social capital has the most significant effect on decreasing the income inequality. Therefore, developing and least developed countries should take aproppriate policy implications to increase the social capital level among their citiziens and society.
JEL Codes: O15, O47, O52, C23
Exploring the Impact of Virtual Reality Rehabilitation on Motor Function in Individuals with Spina Bifida in Tanzania: A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Mvandal Samson Peter , Lupoly Godfrey , Mgawe Paschal Elauteri , Nhandi Joseph Shugha , Nyambita Esther , Mengi Goodluck , Ally Muhamad Muhamed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Spina bifida, a congenital neural tube defect, presents a complex set of challenges, particularly in motor function, for individuals across the lifespan. The condition is characterized by incomplete closure of the spinal column during embryonic development, leading to a spectrum of motor impairments such as gait abnormalities, muscle weakness, and compromised functional mobility. The prevalence of spina bifida remains a global concern, affecting approximately 1 in 1000 live births. This research investigates the potential impact of virtual reality (VR) rehabilitation on motor function in individuals with spina bifida in Tanzania. A randomized controlled trial involving 120 participants is designed, with one group undergoing traditional rehabilitation and another engaging in a six-week VR rehabilitation program. Motor function assessments, including gait analysis, muscle strength measurements, and functional mobility tests, were conducted at baseline, midpoint, and post-intervention. Preliminary analysis suggests that VR rehabilitation may offer unique benefits, leading to improvements in motor function. The study aims to contribute valuable insights into the efficacy of VR-based interventions for enhancing the motor capabilities of individuals with spina bifida, providing a foundation for future rehabilitation strategies in this population.
The Art of Asking Question: Mastering Human-AI (HAI) Duet in Chemistry Through Prompt Engineering
Authors: Vidhani Dinesh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Are we asking the right questions?" seems cliché, but for ChatGPT, it's a pivotal tool to ensure accuracy of responses. While ChatGPT's training on the vast database promises to revolutionize STEM education and research, this investigation shows the importance of precise communication and prompt engineering in guiding ChatGPT towards reliable and accurate responses, particularly in chemistry. For instance, emphasizing context, clearly defining symbols, and focusing on field-specific instructions can dramatically improve its performance. Furthermore, avoiding open-ended prompts and strategically using repetition can further enhance its accuracy. The iterative prompt design, demonstrated through series of adjustments, illustrates how seemingly minor refinement, such as substituting "least" for "lowest," has profound impact on the output. This study highlights the essential role of human oversight in both guarding reliable information and nurturing a productive 'Human-AI' (HAI) partnership. This combined effort sets the stage for the much-anticipated fourth industrial revolution.
Urban Dynamics through Social Media Lens: A Computational Approach to Identifying and Analyzing Civic Issues in Smart Cities
Authors: Agarwal Amit , Toshniwal Durga 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of urban challenges in smart cities by categorizing issues such as Traffic, Pollution, Accidents, Garbage, and Potholes, through the lens of Twitter data. Recognizing the limitations of traditional physical sensor surveillance in monitoring extensive urban road networks, we leveraged the dynamic and real-time nature of social media data, specifically from Twitter, to extract insights relevant to urban management and planning. This analysis was particularly focused on Delhi, a key smart city in India.To effectively segregate and classify tweets into these distinct urban categories, we developed an innovative methodology using dense word embeddings facilitated by the word2vec model. This approach enabled us to capture and analyze the semantic context of tweets, leading to the generation of lists of keywords that are semantically related, enhancing the precision of our categorization process. Moreover, we conducted a detailed spatial analysis to pinpoint the most vulnerable locations within each identified category. Complementing this, our temporal analysis shed light on the peak periods of public discourse related to these urban challenges, allowing us to explore and understand the key characteristics of these peak activity times. Our findings, demonstrating the application of advanced natural language processing techniques in urban issue identification and analysis, were corroborated and validated through a comparison with reports issued by government bodies and media publications. This not only underlines the efficacy of our approach but also highlights its potential utility in urban governance and policy-making.
Single-cell analysis reveals microbial spore responses to sodium hypochlorite
Authors: Yang Weiming , He Lin , Fan Haihua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The effect of sodium hypochlorite on the internal structure of single spore was determined at the molecular level, as well as the effect on spores’ germination, growth and morphology. Bacillus subtilis (CMCC(B)63501) was characterized using the single-cell technique after exposure to 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. The results of laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy showed that sodium hypochlorite resulted in Ca2+-dipicolinic acid release and nucleic acid denaturation. Atomic force microscopy images showed that the surface of treated spores changed from rough to smooth, protein shells were degraded at 10 min, and the permeability barrier was destroyed at 15 min. The spore volume decreased gradually over time. Live-cell imaging showed that the germination and growth rates decreased with increasing treatment time, indicating that sodium hypochlorite was able to inhibit spore activity effectively. These results provide new insight into the response of live spores to sodium hypochlorite and demonstrate the application of various new single-cell analysis techniques.
Synthesis of Ag-Doped CuPc-ZnO/Hydrophobic Silica Aerogel Nanophotocatalyst for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Floating Benzene: A Comparative Study of Different Photoreactor Geometries
Authors: Hakki Hamid Kazemi , Seyyedbagheri Hadi , Ahmed Shahla Zubair , Avalzali Hossein Alinezhad , Ghaderi Aref 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In recent years, water pollution with water-immiscible pollutants such as BTXs has attracted the attention of researchers, and for this purpose, the use of silica aerogel-based photocatalysts has been favored by researchers. In this research, the synthesis of an Ag-CuPc-ZnO/Silica Aerogel hydrophobic photocatalyst was prepared by sol-gel and impregnation methods for the degradation of floating benzene pollutants originating from oil well explosions is presented. The effect of different percentages of Ag on the catalyst's performance was evaluated, and the optimal sample was studied in rectangular and cylindrical photoreactors. Characterization techniques such as XRD, FESEM, FTIR, BET/BJH, PL, contact angle, and UV-Vis DRS were employed to analyze the physicochemical properties of the hydrophobic photocatalyst BET analysis showed an increased specific surface area and decreased pore diameter with decreasing nanoparticle size. DRS analysis demonstrated a decreased bandgap with increasing Ag content and increased light absorption in the visible light region with CuPc addition. PL analysis indicated a significant decrease in electron-hole recombination with 10% Ag. Ag-CuPc-ZnO/Silica Aerogel with 10% wt. Ag exhibited the highest efficiency in benzene photodegradation. The rectangular photoreactor demonstrated superior performance with higher degradation rates, STY, PSTY, and QY, attributed to its uniform light distribution and better illumination.
Insight into catalytic effects of alkali metal salts addition on bamboo and cellulose pyrolysis
Authors: Chen Wei , Tao Xuan , Shi Xiaolei , Guo Wenjuan , Wang Yurou , Liu Biao , Yang Haiping 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Alkali metal compounds have vital influence on biomass pyrolysis conversion. In this study, bamboo and cellulose catalytic pyrolysis with different alkali metal salts catalysts (KCl, K2SO4, K2CO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, and Na2CO3) were investigated in the fixed-bed reaction system. The effect of cations (K+ and Na+) and anions (Cl−, SO42− and CO32−) on the evolution properties of biochar, bio-oil, and gas products was explored under both in-situ and ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis. Results showed that alkali metal salts facilitated the yields of biochar and gases at the expense of that of bio-oil. alkali metal-Cl, SO4 showed a weaker catalytic effect, while alkali metal-CO3 greatly promoted the generation of gas products and increased the condensation degree of biochar. With the addition of K2CO3 and Na2CO3, cyclopentanones content was over 50% from cellulose catalytic pyrolysis, and phenols content (mainly alky-phenols) reached over 80% from bamboo catalytic pyrolysis. Moreover, solid-solid catalytic reactions with K2CO3 and Na2CO3 catalysts had a more important role than gas-solid catalytic reactions for in-situ catalytic pyrolysis. The solid-solid and gas-solid catalytic reactions with alkali metal-CO3 catalysts were stronger than those with alkali metal-Cl, SO4 catalysts. Furthermore, the possible catalytic pyrolysis mechanism of alkali metal salts on biomass pyrolysis was proposed, which is important to the high-value utilization of biomass.
Examining the Safety of Mirabegron: An Analysis of Real-World Pharmacovigilance Data from the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Database
Authors: Wang Junwei , Zhang Aiwei , Ye Miaoyong , Zhang Cunming 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: Mirabegron, the first β-3 adrenergic receptor agonist, received approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2012 for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB). This pharmacovigilance study investigated the safety profile of mirabegron treatment using the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.
Methods: This study employed disproportionality analyses, including the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) algorithm, to quantify signals of adverse events associated with mirabegron.
Results: From the first quarter of 2012 to the third quarter of 2023, a comprehensive total of 14,356,234 adverse event (AE) reports were submitted to the FAERS database. Within this dataset, encompassing 18,763 reports specifically associated with mirabegron, healthcare professionals notably contributed 2,902 of these reports. A total of 80 preferred terms (PTs) of interest were identified using both the ROR and information component (IC) algorithms. The most common AEs included blood pressure increased, urinary retention, atrial fibrillation, dry mouth, and tachycardia, which were consistent with the product instructions. Unexpected significant AEs, such as arrhythmia, palpitations, dementia, transient ischemic attack, Parkinson's disease, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive vasculitis, lip swelling, and swollen tongue, were also identified. The study findings indicated that the majority of onset time occurred within 30 days (n = 358, 55.68%). However, AEs were still possible after one year of mirabegron treatment.
Conclusion: This study provided valuable evidence for the real-world safety of mirabegron, helping clinical professionals enhance their understanding of mirabegron's safety in clinical practice. It also contributed valuable evidence for further safety studies on mirabegron.
Real-Time Sea State Estimation Using Deep Transfer Learning; an Integrated Framework
Authors: Majidiyan Hamed , Enshaei Hossein , Howe Damon 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study addresses the crucial need for wave parameter identification in floating units at sea, where waves serve as a primary environmental force. Despite decades of research, online wave estimation using ship-borne sensors, known as the wave buoy analogy (WBA), has not provided a definitive solution for deterministic sea state estimation. Our study proposes an integrated AI system that minimizes the time lag between the excitation wave and wave estimation based on the current state. Our innovative approach involves a threshold self-exciting mechanism, dynamically switching between different predictors based on statistical characteristics within a fixed observation window of ship responses. This mechanism adjusts the buffer window for wave estimation. Time-series responses from a moored semi-submersible simulation undergo preprocessing to extract detailed spectral and temporal features. This data is then transformed into scalograms and fed into a deep-learning network. A novel aspect of our work involves exploring transfer learning and leveraging off-the-shelf networks to accelerate the training process. The present setting not only effectively reduces time lag but also showcases the potential of transfer learning for generalizing sea state estimation models. The promising outcomes of this research, in turn, pave the way for advanced seakeeping capabilities and safer marine operations.
Non-Invasive PNETs Grading Using CT Radiomics and Machine Learning
Authors: Salahshour Faeze , Taherzadeh Mahsa , Hajanfar Ghasem , Bayat Gholamreza , Ardalan Farid Azmoudeh , Esmailzadeh Arman , Kahe Majid , Shayesteh Sajad P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose is to determine the most effective machine learning method for identifying pathological grades of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). This will be achieved by analyzing contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans of both arterial and portal phases. This investigation aims to provide clinicians with an efficient and reliable tool for accurately identifying PNETs pathological grades.
Materials and Methods
An investigation was conducted on a cohort of 100 patients diagnosed with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Definitive pathological diagnoses and grading results were obtained for all patients. Pyradiomics, an open-source Python package, extracted radiomics features from CT images obtained in arterial and portal phases. These features were subsequently utilized in different machine learning classifiers. The classification model's performance was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), and accuracy metrics.
Result
Our analysis demonstrates that combining CT-based radiomics features with a multi-algorithm machine learning approach can accurately identify the pathological grades of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. The most effective predictive performance in the arterial phase was observed with the combination of Arterial_RFE and LR, with an AUC of 0.68. Meanwhile, in the portal phase, the combination of Portal_RFE and KNN demonstrated the highest predictive performance with an AUC of 0.76.
Conclusion
The application of CT radiomics features, augmented with machine learning, has shown promising results in determining the pathological grade of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. This approach can further contribute to the classification of PNET patients into grade 1 and grade 2/3 categories based on arterial and portal phases, enabling clinical decision-making.
Improving energy efficiency of tunnel furnace by using heat optimization model
Authors: Mallick Arup , Banerjee Subir , Singh Ranjay , Shivangi P N , Mandley P S , Ghosh Biswajit , Singh Mrityunjay Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Reheating furnace of an integrated steel plant consumes intensive fuel as input energy to heat up stocks prior to hot rolling process. In current scenario, the elevated cost of productivity due to increasing fuel price is emerging as a key concern for the steel industry. A continuous improvement in reduction of fuel consumption is one of the key objective for the manufacturing units. Numerous research work is going on worldwide to increase the energy efficiency of reheating furnaces. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and numerical modelling are mostly being used for predicting thermal and reactive fluid characteristic for slab heating. However, the said methods are very expensive and needs a decent infrastructure to execute. In this article an alternative approach has been adopted where complete heat and mass balance of entire tunnel type reheating furnace has been carried out. In addition, method to optimize the combustion fuel components and heat balance of combined recuperator have been described. By adopting the above strategy, a significant improvement in furnace efficiency has been achieved leading to drastic reduction in fuel consumption.
Paeoniflorin inhibits the inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes by downregulating hsa_circ_009012
Authors: Yang Junping , Wei Zehong , Li Huaiyu , Lv Senhao , Fu Yong , Xiao Liang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to progressive joint damage. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) can regulate the inflammatory response of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and influence the disease progression. Paeoniflorin (PF) is the main active ingredient extracted from Paeonia lactiflora Pallas and is known for its anti-inflammatory effect. This study aims to explore the potential mechanisms by which hsa_circ_009012 and PF regulate the inflammatory response in RA.
Methods
RNA expression of hsa_circ_009012, has-microRNA-1286 (miR-1286), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) or western blotting (WB). Cell inflammation markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) were assessed by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence (IF). Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, and transwell assay were utilized to test cell viability, cell cycle distribution, and migration.
Results
Hsa_circ_009012 was highly expressed in RA-FLSs. Hsa_circ_009012 overexpression facilitated the inflammation in RA-FLSs and was closely associated with the miR-1286/TLR4 axis. Paeoniflorin inhibited inflammation and the expression of hsa_circ_009012 and TLR4, while upregulating the expression of miR-1286 in RA-FLSs. Moreover, the upregulation of hsa_circ_009012 reversed the repressive effect of paeoniflorin on RA-FLSs progression.
Conclusion
Paeoniflorin inhibits the inflammation of RA-FLSs via mediating the hsa_circ_009012/miR-1286/TLR4/NLRP3 axis.