bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser irradiation inhibition of open gingival embrasure space after orthodontic treatment
Authors: Meguro Daijiro , Yamaguchi Masaru , Kasai Kazutaka 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of low-energy laser irradiation on an incidence of open gingival embrasure space after orthodontic treatment. The patient was a 20-year, 7-month-old Japanese female with an Angle Class I malocclusion and crowding in the mandible. Treatment consisted of extraction of maxillary and mandibular first premolars and use of the Edgewise technique.
A Ga-Al-As diode laser was used to irradiate an area of 0.5 cm2 at the labial and lingual gingival papilla between the canines. The time of exposure was 6 minutes for 3 days, carried out between the relevelling and en masse stages of movement. The total energy corresponding to 6 minutes of exposure varied from 1.90 J/cm2.
There was no further evidence of open gingival embrasure space, except at the mandibular central incisor. Further: an improvement in the gingival inflammation caused by a periodontal disease was observed, and periodontal pocket depth was maintained. These results suggest that low-energy laser irradiation may inhibit the incidence of open gingival embrasure space after orthodontic treatment.
Orthodontic treatment of palatally impacted maxillary canines
Authors: Olive Richard J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of treating children with impacted maxillary canines by orthodontic treatment alone. The subjects were 28 children (mean age: 13.5 years, range 11.4-16.1 years) with between them 32 palatally impacted canines. The overlying primary canines were extracted between 0 and 42 months before the start of appliance treatment to open space in the arches for the impacted teeth. No other surgical procedures were carried out prior to the start of appliance treatment. Appliance treatment was deferred for at least six months if an impacted canine was the main reason for treatment, otherwise treatment was commenced according to the needs of the patient.
In 94 % of the cases, the severity of impaction lessened following extraction of the overlying primary canines and orthodontic treatment. The deepest impactions tended to occur in the oldest children. The majority (75 %) of the canines emerged following orthodontic treatment to create space for them in the arch; the remainder were surgically exposed. Appliance treatment tended to take longer in children with the deepest impactions. It is concluded that fixed appliance treatment to create space for a palatally impacted canine is an effective management option for children with impacted maxillary canines.
In vitro surface corrosion of stainless steel and NiTi orthodontic appliances
Authors: Shin Ji-Soo , Oh Keun-Taek , Hwang Chung-Ju 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Simulated fixed orthodontic appliances were constructed, immersed and incubated in artificial saliva for periods up to three months. Two types of stainless steel archwires and two types of NiTi wires were used. The surface corrosion of the archwires was determined macroscopically, with scanning electron microscopy, and with spectrophotometry. The deposits on the wires were identified with X-ray diffraction. Uniform corrosion was observed on stainless steel wires, and a slight colour change was detected on the NiTi wires beneath stainless steel ligatures. The corrosion product on the stainless steel wires increased with immersion time, and the surface oxide films were easily detached from the underlying matrix. Crevice corrosion was observed under deposits of oxide, and at the interface between bracket and band. Such corrosion may weaken a wire or weld leading to fracture. In contrast, the NiTi archwires did not corrode, and there was no significant difference in surface morphology. The stainless steel archwires showed a significant loss of reflectance after heat treatment and immersion in artificial saliva. The NiTi archwires had the same reflectance before and after the immersion test. NiTi archwires are significantly more stable and resistant to corrosion than stainless steel archwires.
Some factors associated with open gingival embrasures following orthodontic treatment
Authors: Ko-Kimura Natsue , Kimura-Hayashi Masami , Yamaguchi Masaru , Ikeda Tadataka , Meguro Daijiro , Kanekawa Mika , Kasai Kazutaka 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Open gingival embrasures or “black triangles” can be an undesirable outcome of adult orthodontic treatment. The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of open gingival embrasures in a group of orthodontic patients, and to determine if open gingival embrasures were related to: age at the start of treatment, the severity of pretreatment crowding of the mandibular incisors, the duration of treatment or changes in alveolar bone height. The subjects were 80 orthodontic patients (33 males, 47 females) between 15 and 31 years of age. Open gingival embrasures were found in 43.7 per cent of all subjects, while in subjects over 20 years of age the prevalence was 66.7 per cent. In relation to the amount of crowding 42.8 per cent of the subjects with less than 4 mm crowding had open gingival embrasures, 41.2 per cent of those with between 4 and 8 mm crowding had open gingival embrasures, and 50 per cent of those with more than 8 mm crowding had open gingival embrasures. The groups were not significantly different. Approximately 42 per cent of the subjects in the shorter treatment group had open gingival embrasures, and 44.4 per cent of those whose treatment took longer than 3 years had open gingival embrasures. This difference was not statistically significant. Cephalometric measurements of mandibular alveolar bone height indicate that open gingival embrasures were more likely to be due to resorption of the alveolar crest rather than extrusion of the mandibular incisors. In conclusion, open gingival embrasures were more frequently found in patients over 20 years of age than in younger patients, and were associated with resorption of the alveolar crest.
Stability of combined Le Fort I maxillary advancement and mandibular reduction
Authors: Arpornmaeklong Premjit , Shand Jocelyn M. , Heggie Andrew A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: There have been reports that correction of severe Class III abnormality by single jaw surgery may invite relapse in the long-term. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the stability of combined Le Fort I maxillary advancement and bilateral sagittal split osteotomies for mandibular reduction.
Methods: Thirty patients with a skeletal Class III malocclusion underwent bimaxillary surgery using rigid fixation and inter-positional bone grafting of the maxilla. The average age was 24.4 years, and the mean follow-up period was 20 months (Range: 12–63 months). Post-operative changes were measured on lateral cephalometric radiographs using an anatomical best-fit technique.
Results: The maxilla was advanced, on average, 6.1 mm (SD: 1.8 mm) and repositioned superiorly at PNS 1.9 mm (SD: 2.1 mm). The mandible was repositioned posteriorly 5.6 mm (SD: 4.2 mm) at menton, which also auto-rotated superiorly. At follow-up, the maxilla relapsed horizontally 0.6 mm (SD: 1.1 mm, p < 0.01) with no significant vertical change. The maxillary central incisors were proclined and the interincisal angle was reduced. Menton relapsed anteriorly 1.4 mm (SD: 2.7 mm, p < 0.01), and gonion rotated superiorly 1.5 mm (SD: 2.3 mm, p < 0.001). In 67 per cent of cases menton moved anteriorly less than 2.5 mm. The overjet and overbite did not change significantly.
Conclusions: The data show that 12-months post-operatively, maxillary advancement combined with mandibular setback was relatively stable in the horizontal and vertical planes.
Extraction treatment using a palatal implant for anchorage
Authors: Giancotti Aldo , Greco Mario , Docimo Raffaella , Arcuri Claudio 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim: To describe the use of Straumann Orthosystem implants for orthodontic anchorage.

Methods: The Straumann Orthosystem consists of a titanium palatal implant and connected device, which can be used when absolute anchorage is required. In the present study the implant was placed in the midline at the junction of the alveolar process and hard palate. The implant was osseointegrated 13 weeks after placement. A palatal arch attached to the implant and upper first molar bands was used to provide stationary anchorage in a 23 year-old female with protruding upper anterior teeth and moderate crowding of both arches.

Conclusion: A palatal implant provides stationary anchorage for retraction of anterior maxillary teeth.
Frictional resistances of different bracket – wire combinations
Authors: Wadhwa Rupali Kapur , Kwon Hyue Kyung , Close John M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background: It has been suggested that the frictional resistance of ceramic brackets can be reduced by either lining the slots with stainless steel or by contouring the base of the slot.

Objectives: The objectives of this investigation were to compare in vitro the static and kinetic frictional resistances of ceramic brackets with metal lined slots (“Clarity”, CL), stainless steel brackets (“Miniature Twin”, MT), and two ceramic brackets with different slot designs (“Contour”, CO; “Transcend”, TR).

Method: Two sizes (0.018 x 0.025 inch; 0.021 x 0.025 inch) of stainless steel (SS), nickel titanium (NiTi) and ß titanium (ß-Ti) wires were drawn through the brackets. All brackets had 0.022 inch slots, and the brackets and wires were used once. The brackets were of different widths: CL, 0.180 inch; CO, 0.114 inch; MT, 0.118 inch; TR, 0.138 inch. An Instron Universal Testing Machine was used in this study.

Results: There were no significant static or kinetic frictional differences when the smaller 0.018 x 0.025 inch wires were drawn through the brackets. There were no statistically significant static or kinetic frictional differences between the CL-CO, CL-MT and CO-MT bracket pairs when the 0.021 x 0.025 inch wires (SS, NiTi, ß-Ti) were used. There were no significant kinetic frictional resistance differences between the CL-TR and MT-TR when the SS wires were used. In general the static and kinetic resistances of the 0.021 x 0.025 inch wires of NiTi wire < SS wire < ß-Ti wire. Regardless of wire type some of the lowest kinetic resistances were found with the narrow CO brackets with the rounded slot bases. The highest static and kinetic frictional resistances were found with the wide TR bracket, and with stainless steel and ß-Ti wires.

Conclusion: The high static and kinetic frictional resistances of ceramic brackets can be reduced either by lining the slots with stainless steel or by reducing the bracket width and rounding the slot base.
Extra-oral retraction mechanics: a review
Authors: Godfrey Keith 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives: The literature relating the centres of resistance of the maxillary molars, the maxillary dental arch, and the maxilla to extra-oral retraction vectors intended for both orthodontic and orthopaedic effects, is reviewed. Conventional clinical wisdom concerning the different effects of cervical-, straight-, and high-pull vectors is questioned.

Conclusion: Published studies lack the rigorous design necessary for unequivocal interpretation.
Considerations in the management of transposed teeth
Authors: Ngan Daniel C.S. , Kharbanda Om P. , Ali Darendeliler M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim: To review the management of transposed teeth, and to illustrate the treatment options with four case reports.

Methods: The aetiology and management of transposed teeth are reviewed. Three management options are discussed: correcting the order of transposed teeth, maintaining the order of transposed teeth, and extraction of one of the transposed teeth. Methods of camouflaging transposed teeth are described in detail. The treatment options are illustrated with case reports.
In silico Structural and Functional Characterization of an Endoglucanase from Actinoalloteichus hoggarensis
Authors: Bakli Mahfoud , Bouras Noureddine , Paşcalău Raul , Șmuleac Laura 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Actinoalloteichus hoggarensis is a rare bacterial species that was isolated from the Algerian Saharan desert and is known for producing biologically active compounds. Despite its potential, little is understood about the enzymes it produces, including endoglucanases. These cellulase enzymes break down cellulose, the primary structural component of plant cell walls that provides strength and rigidity. The breakdown of cellulose by endoglucanases has numerous biotechnological applications, such as the production of biofuels, bioplastics, and paper. This study involves an in silico characterization of an endoglucanase from A. hoggarensis to gain insight into its structural and functional properties, with the goal of informing the development of novel biotechnological applications. Our study represents a major milestone in understanding the potential of this rare bacterial species and its enzymes, opening up exciting new avenues for further research and development.
Anticancer activity of Achillea thracica Velen. methanol extracts
Authors: Koleva Vanya , Dragoeva Asya , Dimitrova Zheni , Toshkova Stefani , Rogova Mariya 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Current studies are focused on medicinal plants secondary metabolites as a source of new anticancer agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro influence of methanolic extracts of Achillea thracica Velen. from natural habitat, in vitro propagated and ex vitro established plants on tumor cells proliferation/viability. All extract tested (50 µg/ml for 24 hours) significantly inhibited SK-HEP-1 cell line proliferation/viability (Р ≤ 0.05). The inhibitory effect of ex vitro established plants was slightly weaker in comparison with A. thracica grown in its natural habitat. So, ex situ conservation of A. thracica enables an opportunity to explore its valuable phytochemicals.
Enhancing efficiency in scientific writing in the field of plant growing: Collaborating with AI assistant ChatGPT for enhanced productivity
Authors: Chamurliyski Plamen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Every scientist at the beginning of his professional career inevitably encounters difficulties in developing scientific publications. These obstacles are often related with the preparation of the introductory section, which relies on existing research and from the mastery of various statistical approaches, understanding results and their interpretation. The aim of this study is to assess to what extent ChatGPT can streamline the process of writing scientific publications in the field of plant breeding and how it can be beneficial as an auxiliary tool. ChatGPT cannot entirely write the introductory section for you, but it can generate adequate ideas and fundamental aspects that the author can utilize and further develop for the elaboration of this part. ChatGPT can perform basic statistical analyses commonly used in such studies, which adequately align with the developments implemented in other statistical software.
Characterisation and approaches to the conservation of the Nigerian local duck population: A Review
Authors: Kadurumba Ogechi Evangeline , Ahmadu Yahaya , Kadurumba Chukwuemeka , Okafor Ogechi Lilian , Okoli Ifeanyi Charles 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Research, development, and breeding of ducks in Nigeria are on the rise and continuous breeding of ducks needs basic information on their production environment, genetic background, and diversity. Nigerian local ducks (NLD) have been phenotypically characterised based on morphological characteristics which have provided a reasonable representation of their genetic difference. Morphological and morphometric variations exist among indigenous ducks of Nigeria and mottled plumage colour is preponderant. Low genetic diversity exists among Nigerian duck populations implying that ducks are in close genetic relationships irrespective of distinctive and varying phenotypic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics, whereas the phylogenetic tree revealed clustered relationships. Large-scale duck farming is uncommon; rather, ducks are kept as a pastime business. The scavenging feeding system is majorly practiced among small flock sizes which are highly predominant. NLDs lay between 100 and 125 eggs yearly when reared under an intensive system of management and also have a high hatching rate of above 70% even though high environmental temperature affects their reproductive performance. There are no organised duck markets in Nigeria. Duck eggs are rarely consumed or sold; rather they are majorly used for breeding purposes. Myths, poor funding, lack of standard laboratories, and lack of skilled workforce are among the factors affecting the development and conservation of indigenous ducks in Nigeria. Introducing improved breeds of duck and establishing conservation programmes will help promote greater duck production and conservation. Duck business is a profitable but seasonal business and can efficiently bridge the noticed protein gap in rural communities.
Analysis of Voltage Profiles, Unbalance Voltages and Phase Balance Optimization of Single-Phase Customer and Photovoltaic Connection at Real Low Voltage Feeder
Authors: Ostojić Mario , Bosović Adnan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVoltage unbalance is common issue encountered in low voltage distribution networks, caused by uneven allocation of single-phase customers among phases. This paper analyses part of real low voltage distribution network in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The impact of single-phase customers and single-phase connected micro photovoltaic power plants (MPPP-s) were analysed. To reduce unbalance and improve voltage profiles, Phase Balance Optimization toolbox in DIgSILENT PowerFactory software was performed in six scenarios with different distribution of customers and different percentage of penetration of MPPS-s. The aim was to find method with least number of changes in customer and photovoltaic phase connection that fits within defined limits of voltage variations and voltage unbalance of European standard for power quality (EN 50160). Conclusion is that MPPP-s cause voltage increases in the network, as well as an increase in voltage unbalance, but these effects can be mitigated by proper distribution of customer loads and MPPS-s among phases.
Fiscal rules as institutional tools for public debt management in the European Union Member States
Authors: Stawiarska Katarzyna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to assess the impact of the second-generation numerical fiscal rules on the effectiveness of public debt management in the Member States of the European Union. The research was conducted using dynamic panel models on a sample of 27 EU Member States over the period 2008–2021. The effectiveness of public debt management was determined by the level of public debt servicing costs, considering not only the impact of the quality of numerical fiscal rules on interest payments, but also other factors influenced by these rules, such as the quality of fiscal policy, the solvency of public finances and the quality of institutional governance. The motivation for this topic was to evaluate the effectiveness of the second-generation numerical fiscal rules following the changes made to their design in the context of the reconstruction of the EU fiscal surveillance system after the global economic and financial crisis of 2008–2010. The research has found that strong numerical fiscal rules improve the effectiveness of public debt management. In addition, stable fiscal policy and higher solvency of public finances, as well as political stability and the absence of violence, are conducive to lower public debt servicing costs. This paper enriches the literature by extending it with a new approach to fiscal rules, highlighting their multifaceted impact on the quality of public debt management.
Hepatoprotective effect of Indonesian propolis from Apis mellifera in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury in mice
Authors: Juwita Dian Ayu , Ahmadin Almahdy , Abdillah Rahmad , Rachmaini Fitri , Veronica Sherly 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Propolis has been reported to have a broad spectrum of biological activities. The objective of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of propolis on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Twenty-five adult mice were randomly divided into five groups of five. The normal group received distilled water; positive control group was given CCl4 at 2.8 mL/kg BW orally, other groups were given the same dose of CCl4, followed by oral propolis at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg BW, respectively, for 14 days. On the 15th day, the mice were sacrificed for the measurements of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, and albumin, as well as examination of liver histology. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and, subsequently, by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results demonstrated that propolis had a hepatoprotective effect as shown by significant improvement of the biochemical parameters (p <0.05), which was confirmed by the liver histological analytical results. The most potent hepatoprotective effect was found after the dose of 100 mg/kg BW.
Investigation of the extraction dynamic of the biologically active substances of the raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) shoots
Authors: Maslov Olexander , Komisarenko Mykola , Kolisnyk Sergii , Kostina Tatyana , Golik Mykola , Moroz Valerii , Tarasenko Daryna , Akhmedov Elshan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study has the intent of exploring the dynamics of biologically active substance (BAS) extractions from red raspberry (R. idaeus) shoots in order to determine the appropriate extraction frequency. A secondary objective is to assess the relationship between extract antioxidant activity and BAS content.
The focus of the study revolved around R. idaeus shoots, and the spectrophotometric method of analysis was applied to determine the amount of the catechins, polyphenols, hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives and flavonoids, while the gravimetric method was used to determine the dry residue of the extracts and the potentiometric method applied for evaluating antioxidant activity.
The polyphenols amount was 1.74±0.03, 0.58±0.01 and 0.016±0.005%, catechins – 1.50±0.02, 0.50±0.01 and 0.11±0.01%, flavonoids – 0.08±0.005, 0.046±0.005 and 0.016±0.002%, hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives – 0.24±0.005, 0.078±0.005 and 0.017±0.002%, organic acids – 0.15±0.005, 0.05±0.005 and 0.01±0.002, dry residue – 2.14±0.005, 0.72±0.01 and 0.16±0.005%, antioxidant activity – 94.80±1.90, 47.40±0.95 and 7.90±0.16 mM-eqv./m for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd extraction, respectively. The optimal extraction frequency of raspberry shoots with distilled water was two times. The highest value of Peasorn‘s correlation coefficient was between the antioxidant activity and catechins (r = 0.9813) and the lowest in the case of organic acids (r=0.9112).
The appropriate extraction frequency of R. idaeus shoots with distilled water was two times. The antioxidant method of determination extraction frequency was not inferior to the traditional method. The catechins dominated in the extracts from R. idaeus shoots. A significant positive correlation was content of catechins and antioxidant activity.