bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic crack propagation based on loss of hyperbolicity and a new discontinuous enrichment
Authors: Belytschko Ted , Chen Hao , Xu Jingxiao , Zi Goangseup 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA methodology is developed for switching from a continuum to a discrete discontinuity where the governing partial differential equation loses hyperbolicity. The approach is limited to rate‐independent materials, so that the transition occurs on a set of measure zero. The discrete discontinuity is treated by the extended finite element method (XFEM) whereby arbitrary discontinuities can be incorporated in the model without remeshing. Loss of hyperbolicity is tracked by a hyperbolicity indicator that enables both the crack speed and crack direction to be determined for a given material model. A new method was developed for the case when the discontinuity ends within an element; it facilitates the modelling of crack tips that occur within an element in a dynamic setting. The method is applied to several dynamic crack growth problems including the branching of cracks. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors of positive appraisal of care among Japanese family caregivers of older adults
Authors: Yamamoto‐Mitani Noriko , Ishigaki Kazuko , Kawahara‐Maekawa Noriko , Kuniyoshi Midori , Hayashi Kunihiko , Hasegawa Kiyomi , Sugishita Chieko 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine factors of positive appraisal of care among Japanese family caregivers of older adults. The Positive Appraisal of Care (PAC) scale used in this study is a multidimensional Japanese measure and has four domains: relationship satisfaction, consequential gain, role confidence, and normative fulfillment. Three hundred and thirty‐seven caregivers participated in this survey. Multiple regression analyses revealed that social support and caregiver belief in caregiving had a consistent impact on all domains of the PAC, whereas the impact of caregiver and care recipient characteristics varied among the domains. For example, caregiver age had a significant impact on role confidence and normative fulfillment but not on relationship satisfaction and consequential gain. The differential impact of caregiver and care recipient characteristics on the domains of the PAC underlines the usefulness of a multidimensional measurement. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 26:337–350, 2003
Fluorescent dyes as probes to study lipid‐binding proteins
Authors: Pastukhov Alexander V. , Ropson Ira J. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe studied the equilibrium binding of two hydrophobic fluorescent dyes, ANS and bisANS, to four members of a family of intracellular lipid‐binding proteins: IFABP, CRABP I, CRABP II, and ILBP. The spectral and binding parameters for the probes bound to the proteins were determined. Typically, there was a single binding site on each protein for the ligands. However, IFABP cooperatively bound a second bisANS molecule in the binding pocket. Comparative analysis of affinities and spectral characteristics for the two probes allowed us to examine the contributions of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions to the binding process, and to address some aspects of the internal structure of the studied proteins. Proteins 2003;53:000–000. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The importance of explicit chain representation in protein folding models: An examination of ising‐like models
Authors: Karanicolas John , Brooks Charles L. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA class of models that represents a protein chain as a sequence of “folded” and “unfolded” residues has recently been used to correlate rates and mechanisms of protein folding with the protein native structure. In order to better understand the conditions under which these “Ising‐like” models apply, we compare results from this model to those obtained from an off‐lattice model which uses the same potential function. We find that Ising‐like models by construction impose folding via a highly sequential nucleation‐condensation mechanism, which in turn leads to more rugged energy landscapes, fewer “pathways” to the native state, and in the specific case examined here, the cold shock protein A from Escherichia coli, a qualitative difference in the most likely order of events in folding. Proteins 2003;53:740–747. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional structural location and molecular functional effects of missense SNPs in the T cell receptor Vβ domain
Authors: Wang Zhen , Moult John 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe mechanisms by which human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influence susceptibility to disease are not yet well understood. In a previous study, we developed a structure‐based model that may be used to identify which missense SNPs are neutral and which are deleterious to protein function and so potentially involved in disease (Wang and Moult, Hum Mutat 2001;263–270). The model has now been applied to a set of 54 missense cSNPs in the 46 functional T‐cell receptor Vβ‐genes. Most of these missense cSNPs are found to be neutral, but 10 are identified as likely deleterious to protein function. Only one was previously associated with disease. We suggest that the others may be disease related but that redundancy in the T‐cell response prevents any simple, monogenic effect. Therefore, these SNPs are the most likely contributors to complex, polygenic disease traits. It has been noted that there is a surprisingly high (74%) fraction of nonsynonymous SNPs in these genes. Contrary to expectation, the analysis shows that these are not associated with an unusually high fraction of deleterious SNPs, nor do they significantly contribute to a larger range of antigen recognition or a reduced superantigen‐binding repertoire. Proteins 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Turning virulence on and off in Staphylococci
Authors: Muir Tom W. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe progress made in a multidisciplinary research programme designed to elucidate the molecular basis of the interaction of Staphylococcus aureus secreted autoinducing peptides (AIPs) with their respective cell surface receptors is reviewed. Copyright © 2003 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
General dispersion equation of exchange spin waves in an antiferromagnetic superlattice
Authors: Tanriverdiyev V. A. , Tagiyev V. S. , Seyid‐Rzaeva S. M. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA general dispersion equation for exchange spin waves propagating in a general direction in an antiferromagnetic superlattice is derived by the recurrence relations technique. The elementary unit cell of the superlattice under consideration consists of N different antiferromagnetic layers. The results are illustrated numerically for a particular choice of parameters. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Unusual structural and electronic properties of SnxGe1−x alloys
Authors: Chibane Y. , Bouhafs B. , Ferhat M. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractFirst‐principles pseudopotential plane‐wave calculations are used to investigate the structural and electronic properties of cubic SnxGe1−x alloys. The studies focus on the determination of the variation of the lattice parameter and the optical band gap bowing of these alloys. An unusual behavior is found for the variation of the lattice parameter; in particular, a positive deviation from Vegard's law is found. This unusual feature is consistent with recent X‐ray data. The calculated optical band gap bowing parameter is found to be strongly composition dependent. At x = 0.125, the calculated bowing parameter is in good agreement with experiment. It is shown that both structural and chemical effects are important for this material. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ab‐initio statistical mechanics for ordered compounds: single‐defect theory vs. cluster‐expansion techniques
Authors: Drautz R. , Schultz I. , Lechermann F. , Fähnle M. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAn explicit link is established between the two types of ab‐initio statistical mechanics for ordered compounds, the single‐defect theory which is used for low defect concentrations and the cluster‐expansion technique which is commonly used for large defect concentrations. Furthermore, it is shown how the single defect theory can be extended by including the elastic interaction effects between various defects. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spin polarization of phase delay time in a magnetic–electric barrier structure
Authors: Xu H. Z. , Liu Pijun , Zhang Yafei 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe spin‐dependent phase delay time of two‐dimensional electrons through a magnetic–electric barrier structure with/without an external electric field has been systematically investigated. The dependence of electron spin polarization on the applied bias, the incident wave vector, the incident electron energy and the height of the electric barrier has been addressed. It is found that the magnetic–electric barrier structure exhibits significant spin polarization under an external electric field, especially for electrons with small energies, where the spin polarization also displays a considerable wave vector‐dependent feature. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of crystal‐field anisotropy on the magnetization of a spin pair within various decoupling schemes
Authors: Ilkovič V. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe Green's function theory for a Heisenberg Hamiltonian with exchange parameter plus a single‐ion anisotropy term is applied to a system of two spinsS= 1. In order to assess the accuracy of the various decoupling schemes of the Green's functions, which involve products of operators at the same site, the magnetization of a spin pair is calculated within various decoupling procedures, and the results compared with exact solutions. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Homogeneous linewidth of quantum well excitonsfrom resonance fluorescence spectra
Authors: Schwedt D. , Nacke Ch. , Stolz H. , Eshlaghi S. , Reuter D. , Wieck A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractEditor's Choice of this issue is the article by D. Schwedt et al. [1] on high resolution measurements of resonance fluorescence spectra from GaAs quantum wells. In the cover picture, the authors point out the connection between the experimental data and the model of disordered excitons. The lower left part shows a series of polarized photoluminescence spectra, fitted with very good agreement by a model of statistically distributed three‐level‐systems. The upper right part images the excitation mechanism. Only those excitons of an inhomogeneous distribution (indicated by the blue line) contribute to the resonance fluorescence (red line) which overlap spectrally with the monochromatic laser. It could be verified experimentally that the resonance fluorescence exhibits two parts: delta‐like Rayleigh scattering and Lorentzian luminescence.Daniel Schwedt is working in the DFG research group 'Quantum Optics in Semiconductor Nanostructures' and concentrates on quantum optical experiments on III–V semiconductor quantum well structures.
Solid Phase Combinatorial Library of 1,3‐Azole Containing Peptides for the Discovery of Matrix Metallo Proteinase Inhibitors
Authors: Christensen Caspar , Bruun Schiødt Christine , Tækker Foged Niels , Meldal Morten 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA solid phase combinatorial library of approximately 240,000 putative inhibitors were prepared and screened for activity against MMP‐14. The compounds of the library had the common structure H‐XX‐azole‐XX‐NH2 in which X is an arbitrary amino acid and azole is one of four oxazole or thiazole dipeptidomimetics (8a–d). The library was generated by the split and mix strategy resulting in a one‐bead‐two‐compounds library format in such a way that each bead contained a common quenched fluorogenic substrate and a different putative inhibitor. Application of ladder synthesis [22] during library construction enabled full sequence determination by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. The library was screened against MMP‐14 activity, by performing multiple, sequential incubations in which beads containing active inhibitors were selected by a novel automated “bead‐sorting” apparatus, in order to isolate only the best inhibitors. Statistical analysis of the sequences obtained from overall 184 beads gave rise to a series of 20 sequences; 4 truncated and 16 full sequences were resynthesized. The inhibitors were investigated in an enzyme kinetic assay with MMP‐14 revealing compounds with Ki values in the low micromolar area, whereas the truncated sequences derived from the library showed poor inhibitor activity.
Mockup‐driven fast‐prototyping methodology for Web application development
Authors: Zhang Jia , Chung Jen‐Yao 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWeb application development can be very complicated without an appropriate framework, architecture and application model. A good implementation model can help application developers communicate with clients, consolidate the design before starting the development, speed up the development, and make the code highly reusable. This paper proposes a mockup‐driven fast prototyping methodology (MODFM) for the development of Web applications. It is built on the most recent Web technologies: EJB, JSP, Servlet, XML, Struts, and Web application server. A two‐tier Model‐View‐Controller (MVC) architecture is proposed as the underlying backbone and a supporting environment is tailored specifically in order to enable development. Two basic supporting tools are provided: the dynamic menu generator and the generic code generator, which produce code for front‐end, back‐end and database schemas. MODFM helps to generate fully functional mockup systems for the client to review at an early analysis stage, and continues to provide guidance throughout follow‐on development phases. Real‐life experiences on the use of this methodology in industry are presented as examples. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential projections of the infralimbic and prelimbic cortex in the rat
Authors: Vertes Robert P. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe medial prefrontal cortex has been associated with diverse functions including attentional processes, visceromotor activity, decision‐making, goal‐directed behavior, and working memory. The present report compares and contrasts projections from the infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PL) cortices in the rat by using the anterograde anatomical tracer,Phaseolus vulgaris‐leucoagglutinin. With the exception of common projections to parts of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex, olfactory forebrain, and midline thalamus, PL and IL distribute very differently throughout the brain. Main projection sites of IL are: 1) the lateral septum, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, medial and lateral preoptic nuclei, substantia innominata, and endopiriform nuclei of the basal forebrain; 2) the medial, basomedial, central, and cortical nuclei of amygdala; 3) the dorsomedial, lateral, perifornical, posterior, and supramammillary nuclei of hypothalamus; and 4) the parabrachial and solitary nuclei of the brainstem. By contrast, PL projects at best sparingly to each of these structures. Main projection sites of PL are: the agranular insular cortex, claustrum, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, the paraventricular, mediodorsal, and reuniens nuclei of thalamus, the capsular part of the central nucleus and the basolateral nucleus of amygdala, and the dorsal and median raphe nuclei of the brainstem. As discussed herein, the pattern of IL projections is consistent with a role for IL in the control of visceral/autonomic activity homologous to the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex of primates, whereas those of PL are consistent with a role for PL in limbic‐cognitive functions homologous to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of primates. Synapse 51:32–58, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative phenotypic resolution of spontaneous, D2‐like and D1‐like agonist‐induced orofacial movement topographies in congenic mutants with dopamine D2 vs. D3 receptor “knockout”
Authors: Tomiyama Katsunori , Mcnamara Fergal N. , Clifford Jeremiah J. , Kinsella Anthony , Drago John , Fuchs Sara , Grandy David K. , Low Malcolm J. , Rubinstein Marcelo , Tighe Orna , Croke David T. , Koshikawa Noriaki , Waddington John L. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractUsing a novel system, the role of D2‐like dopamine receptors in distinct topographies of orofacial movement was assessed in mutant mice with congenic D2 vs. D3 receptor knockout, and compared with findings in D1A mutants. Under spontaneous conditions, D2 mutants evidenced increased vertical jaw movements and unaltered horizontal jaw movements, with reductions in tongue protrusions and incisor chattering; in D3 mutants, only incisor chattering was reduced. Given previous evidence that D1A mutants show reduced horizontal but not vertical jaw movements, this indicates that apparent oppositional D1‐like:D2‐like interactions in the regulation of composited jaw movements may in fact reflect the independent actions of D2 receptors to inhibit vertical jaw movements and of D1A receptors to facilitate horizontal jaw movements. Effects of the D2‐like agonist RU 24213 to exert greater reduction in horizontal than in vertical jaw movements were not altered prominently in either D2 or D3 mutants. The D1‐like agonists A 68930 and SK&F 83959 induced vertical jaw movements, tongue protrusions, and incisor chattering; induction of tongue protrusions by A 68930 was reduced in D2 mutants. D2 receptors exert topographically specific regulation of orofacial movements in a manner distinct from their D1A counterparts, while D3 receptors exert only minor regulation of such movements. Synapse 51:71–81, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dependable information infrastructures as complex adaptive systems
Authors: Ye Nong , Lai Ying‐Cheng , Farley Toni 
Published: October 2003

AbstractInformation infrastructures, such as the Internet and Computational Grids, have enabled a networked computing and communication environment. Although many organizations depend on network‐centric information operations to support critical missions, existing information infrastructures provide little guarantee of the dependability of network‐centric computing and communication. This paper discusses some problems with the dependability of existing information infrastructures, such as stateless or centralized resource management. A Complex Adaptive Systems approach to dependability of futuristic information infrastructures is then presented with emphasis on the detection of emergent states at the regional and global levels of these infrastructures, and the self‐synchronized control of such infrastructures in response to emergent states. The key concept underlying our control strategy at the regional or global level is that the two attributes of the Complex Adaptive System in a dynamic environment, accessibility to many states and sensitivity to small perturbation, present us with an opportunity to manipulate the system's dynamics. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 6: 225–237, 2003
A new approach to generic attributes
Authors: Wells Curt , Ibrahim Linda , LaBruyere Larry 
Published: October 2003

AbstractGeneric Attributes (GAs) are measures of process performance introduced by the systems engineering capability model, EIA/IS 731. The systems model defines two GAs—Effectiveness and Value. While the concept of GAs is generally accepted as valid, they have been used very little, due to difficulties in interpretation and appraisal. Revised definitions and a new approach for appraising and using GAs have been developed for the Federal Aviation Administration Integrated Capability Maturity Model® v2.0 (FAA‐iCMM®). The improved approach to Generic Attributes provides the needed clarity and measurement objectivity. Definitions of the iCMM® GAs and their relationship to process model concepts are described in this paper, along with a practical approach to appraising GAs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 6: 301–308, 2003
Lamotrigine for intractable sciatica: correlation between dose, plasma concentration and analgesia
Authors: Eisenberg Elon , Damunni Gassan , Hoffer Erica , Baum Yelena , Krivoy Norberto 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAn open trial was conducted to study the potential efficacy of the antiepileptic agent lamotrigine in relieving the sciatic pain and the relationship between lamotrigine dosage, plasma concentration and the clinical response. Subsequent to a 1 week washout period from previous analgesics, lamotrigine dose was titrated on a weekly basis from 25 to 400 mg/day and was maintained at that dose for additional 4 weeks. Spontaneous pain, the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SFMPQ), the Straight Leg Raise (SLR) test, and range of motion of the lumbar spine (leaning foreword, to the affected side) were used to assess lamotrigine efficacy. Lamotrigine plasma concentration was tested at the end of each week during the titration period and at the end of the study. Fourteen patients were enrolled in the study. All outcome measurers improved compared to baseline during the titration period, but reached a statistically significant level of improvement only at the 400 mg dose. A linear correlation was found between mean lamotrigine dose, mean plasma concentration and mean weekly spontaneous pain, mean SLR and mean bending the affected side, but not with the SFMPQ score. Study results suggest lamotrigine is a potentially effective and safe compound for the treatment of painful lumbar radiculopathy, and that it is likely to act in a dose‐ and plasma concentration‐dependent fashion.
Nerve terminals extend into the temporomandibular joint of adjuvant arthritic rats
Authors: Shinoda Masamichi , Honda Takashi , Ozaki Noriyuki , Hattori Hisashi , Mizutani Hideki , Ueda Minoru , Sugiura Yasuo 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe innervation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has attracted particular interest because of the close association with complex mandibular movement. Although the pathological changes of disk innervation may have a crucial role in the development of TMJ pain, the innervation of the TMJ disk by experimentally induced arthritis has rarely been examined in detail. Arthritic rats were induced by injection with 0.1 ml solution of Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). We investigated three‐dimensional distribution of nerve fibers in the TMJ disk using immunohistochemistry for protein gene product‐9.5 (PGP‐9.5) and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) in naive and arthritic rats. To clarify the possible role of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor on changes in peripheral innervation of the TMJ, the expressions of trkA and p75 receptor in trigeminal ganglia were examined. Although PGP‐9.5 and CGRP immunoreactive (ir) fibers were seen in the peripheral part of the TMJ disk, they were not seen in its central part. The total length and the length density of PGP‐9.5 ir and CGRP ir nerve fibers increased in arthritic rats. The innervation area of fibers proliferating in the rostro‐medial part merged with that of fibers in the rostro‐lateral part in the arthritic rats. In addition, the ratio of trkA‐ and p75‐positive small‐ and medium‐sized cells increased in trigeminal ganglia. It is assumed that increasing innervation of the TMJ disk may be important for the pathophysiology of TMJ pain. NGF and its receptors are likely involved in pathological changes of the TMJ disk.