bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes after metabolic and bariatric surgery in preteens versus teens using the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program database and center‐specific data
Authors: Shah Adil , Liang Norah E. , Bruzoni Matias , Pratt Janey S. A. , Zitsman Jeffrey , Nadler Evan P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recently released clinical guidelines for the treatment of childhood obesity, including surgery being appropriate for children 13 years of age and older. The use of this age cut‐off was due to a lack of data for children younger than 13. To address this knowledge gap, the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) database was queried to compare outcomes in preteens to teens after bariatric surgery hypothesizing that there would be no difference in outcomes between the two groups.MethodsPatients from the MSAQIP database (2016–2021) were identified and divided into groups <13 years and 13–18 years and were matched using propensity scores based on race, sex, and preoperative BMI. Outcomes were compared including change in BMI, complication rates, 30‐day readmission or reoperation, and mortality. Additionally, the centers responsible for the bulk of the preteen patient entries queried their center‐specific databases to evaluate weight loss over time.ResultsA total of 4755 patients were identified, 47 of whom were <13 years of age. Preteens had similar sex distribution (66% vs. 75% female), were more likely to be Black (27.7% vs. 18.3%) or Hispanic (21.3% vs. 7.6%) race, and weighed less (274 ± 58 vs. 293 ± 85 lb, p = 0.01), but they had similar BMI (46.9 ± 7 vs. 47 ± 13 kg/m2) as their teen counterparts. Preteens were more likely to suffer from sleep apnea (34% vs. 19%, p < 0.01) and insulin‐dependent type 2 diabetes (10.6% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.01). There were no complications in the preteens compared to teens (0% vs. 0.5%), and they did not undergo any unplanned readmissions (0% vs. 2.9%) or reoperations (0% vs. 0.8%) within 30 days of surgery. There were also no mortalities reported in preteens (0% vs. 0.1%). The risk‐adjusted decrease in BMI between preteens and teens was also comparable at 30 days (4.2 [95% CI: 3.0–5.4] vs. 4.6 [95% CI: 4.4–4.7], p = 0.6). Decrease in BMI in preteens was 7 ± 3 kg/m2 at 3 months and 9 ± 4 kg/m2 at 12 months after surgery, which represented a percentage BMI change of 16 ± 7 and 20 ± 8, respectively.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that bariatric surgery in preteens is safe and efficacious when performed at specialized centers, and that age criteria may not be required. The AAP and others are encouraged to include age cut‐offs in their guidelines for children with obesity and bariatric surgery only when data are available to support their inclusion.
Generative learning‐based model for the prediction of 2D stress distribution
Authors: Gulakala Rutwik , Markert Bernd , Stoffel Marcus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, we introduce a Generative learning‐based approach to accelerate Finite Element simulations. The aim is to explore the ability of a Generative learning‐based approach to predict the output of Finite Element simulations. Often, the drawback of classical regression models is that they are bound to the distribution of training data and cannot extrapolate outside of the training domain. In the current study, to overcome this, we propose a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) based approach for learning to infer structural mechanics simulations. GANs have the ability to learn the underlying distribution of data and can efficiently extrapolate outside the training range. We train the proposed network on data obtained from classical Finite Element simulations based on linear elastic and Johnson‐Cook plasticity models. The goal here is to understand the ability of a GAN to replace FEM by incorporating the underlying mechanics knowledge into the network to enhance the generalizing ability of the network for various materials on various loading and boundary conditions. We propose an encoder‐decoder‐like U‐Net generator architecture with activated skip connections and a PatchGAN‐based discriminator that discriminates based on local patches of data leading to a more robust critique for the generator. The advantage of the proposed framework is that it takes inputs such as the nodal information, their corresponding edges, nodal coordinates and the boundary conditions for each particular node from a Finite Element pre‐processor and computes the von Mises stress at each node as output that can be read by a Finite Element post‐processor. Also, the novelty of the proposed GAN is that, unlike the existing literature, it takes nodal values such as applied Boundary conditions and coordinates as inputs instead of images and performs nonlinear regression with Finite Element data and gives von‐Mises stresses at each node as output.
Using a futures orientation to enable adaptation of protected areas under climate change
Authors: Múnera‐Roldán Claudia , Colloff Matthew J. , van Kerkhoff Lorrae , Andrade German I. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Protected areas are central for long‐term conservation of biodiversity and can potentially support climate change mitigation. But protected areas are also affected by climate change. Managers and scientists are increasingly facing the difficult task of making decisions under rapid change. Understanding individual and institutional futures considerations for adaptation is fundamental to evaluate whether protected area governance is adequate to anticipate, prepare and respond to climate change.

Using mixed qualitative methods, we analysed adaptation narratives extracted from 51 semi‐structured interviews with conservation practitioners and scientists involved in protected area management in Australia, Colombia and South Africa. We applied a multidimensional model to examine how people make sense of the concept of adaptation. The model allowed us to evaluate how different actors perceive and conceptualise the future and their level of awareness of climate change impacts on values of protected areas, as reflected in the expectations and motivations behind adaptation actions.

The results show a plurality of adaptation concepts and approaches. The narratives are framed under different governance approaches (top‐down, bottom‐up, participatory) influencing the sense of agency, the rationale for adaptation (adaptation of what and for whom) and the level of acceptance of change. Action time is associated with preferences and actions in response to ecological change, with more proactive action linked with systemic approaches.

We propose that examining world views underpinning how individuals and institutions make sense of the concept of adaptation can support future‐oriented conservation practices despite the inherent uncertainty of climate change. The narratives presented here may provide a basis to facilitate deliberations about current practices and identify potential contradictions between individual and collective aspirations for adaptation to create pathways for collective action towards desired futures.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Transcriptomics and proteomics reveal distinct biology for lymph node metastases and tumour deposits in colorectal cancer
Authors: Brouwer Nelleke PM , Webbink Loth , Haddad Tariq S , Rutgers Natasja , van Vliet Shannon , Wood Colin S , Jansen Pascal WTC , Lafarge Maxime W ,   imCMS Consortium, de Wilt Johannes HW , Hugen Niek , Simmer Femke , Jamieson Nigel B , Tauriello Daniele VF , Kölzer Viktor H , Vermeulen Michiel , Nagtegaal Iris D 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBoth lymph node metastases (LNMs) and tumour deposits (TDs) are included in colorectal cancer (CRC) staging, although knowledge regarding their biological background is lacking. This study aimed to compare the biology of these prognostic features, which is essential for a better understanding of their role in CRC spread. Spatially resolved transcriptomic analysis using digital spatial profiling was performed on TDs and LNMs from 10 CRC patients using 1,388 RNA targets, for the tumour cells and tumour microenvironment. Shotgun proteomics identified 5,578 proteins in 12 different patients. Differences in RNA and protein expression were analysed, and spatial deconvolution was performed. Image‐based consensus molecular subtype (imCMS) analysis was performed on all TDs and LNMs included in the study. Transcriptome and proteome profiles identified distinct clusters for TDs and LNMs in both the tumour and tumour microenvironment segment, with upregulation of matrix remodelling, cell adhesion/motility, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in TDs (all p < 0.05). Spatial deconvolution showed a significantly increased abundance of fibroblasts, macrophages, and regulatory T‐cells (p < 0.05) in TDs. Consistent with a higher fibroblast and EMT component, imCMS classified 62% of TDs as poor prognosis subtype CMS4 compared to 36% of LNMs (p < 0.05). Compared to LNMs, TDs have a more invasive state involving a distinct tumour microenvironment and upregulation of EMT, which are reflected in a more frequent histological classification of TDs as CMS4. These results emphasise the heterogeneity of locoregional spread and the fact that TDs should merit more attention both in future research and during staging. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Toward partially bio‐based thermoplastic vulcanizates based on poly (lactic acid) and chloroprene rubber
Authors: Shahroodi Zahra , Moshkriz Ali , Momeni Vahid 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA)‐based thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) were fabricated using dynamic and static vulcanization in the presence of untreated and surface‐treated zinc oxide (ZnO). Initially, the effect of chloroprene rubber (CR) as the elastomeric phase in the PLA‐based thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) was tailored. The CR content varied from 20 to 40 wt%, leading to 46%–70% and 19%–76% decrement in tensile strength and modulus, respectively, while elongation at break increased up to 9–13 times, highlighting the soft rubber phase's impact on ductility. Impact resistance testing showed improved toughness with CR addition, peaking at 20 wt% CR. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed matrix‐dispersed morphology with increasing CR droplet size, and co‐continuous morphology at 40 wt% rubber in BP6R4. In the next step, the optimized TPE was selected, and the focus shifted to investigate the effect of dynamic/static vulcanization on mechanical properties. It is revealed that adding modified ZnO (ZnO60) increased melt torque, but it decreased after 1.5 min. All vulcanized samples exhibited lower tensile strength and elongation at break but higher elastic modulus due to metallic particle reinforcement. ZnO particle agglomerates and rubber aggregations led to lower mechanical properties. These findings offer quantitative insights into vulcanization's influence on PLA‐based TPVs, informing partially biobased TPEs development and addressing vulcanization limitations.Highlights
Fabrication of biobased thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) and thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) based on polylactic acid/chloroprene rubber (PLA/CR) shows the sustainable material prospect.
The effects of dynamic/static vulcanization on TPE's behavior are investigated.
Micro‐morphology analysis showed dispersed CR phase in TPEs when PLA content is <40 wt%.
The addition of modified ZnO through static vulcanization minimized degradation.
ZnO Agglomeration and CR aggregations caused subpar TPV mechanical properties.
Different profiles of neurocognitive functioning in patients with brain metastases prior to brain radiotherapy
Authors: van Grinsven Eva E. , Cialdella Fia , Verhoeff Joost J. C. , Philippens Marielle E. P. , van Zandvoort Martine J. E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivePatients with brain metastases (BrMs) are a heterogeneous population, with almost 50% experiencing cognitive impairment before brain radiotherapy. Defining pre‐radiotherapy cognitive profiles will aid in understanding of the cognitive vulnerabilities and offer valuable insight and guidance for tailoring interventions.MethodsThe study population consisted of 58 adult patients with BrMs referred for radiotherapy. A semi‐structured interview and comprehensive battery including 10 neuropsychological tests were used to assess subjective and objective cognitive performance prior to radiotherapy.ResultsA majority (69%) of patients report decline in cognitive performance compared to their premorbid level (i.e. pre‐cancer). Objective testing revealed memory (52%), processing speed (33%) and emotion recognition (29%) deficits were most frequent. 21% of patients had no cognitive deficits while 55% had deficits (−1.5SD) in at least two cognitive domains. Hierarchical cluster analysis based on patient deficit profiles identified four clusters: (I) no or limited cognitive deficits selectively restricted to processing speed or executive function, (II) psychomotor speed deficits, (III) memory deficits and (IV) extensive cognitive deficits including memory. No patient or clinical‐related (e.g. age, number of BrMs, previous treatment) differences were found between clusters.ConclusionsPatterns of cognitive performance in patients with BrMs are heterogeneous, with most experiencing at least some degree of neurocognitive dysfunction. We identified four meaningful cognitive clusters. Stability of these clusters over time and in different samples should be assessed to advance understanding of the cognitive vulnerability of this patient population.
Global health trends of human papillomavirus‐associated oral cancer: A review
Authors: Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem , Amzat Jimoh , Nwafor Jacob Njideka , Nnyanzi Lawrence Achilles 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOral cancer is a malignant neoplastic disease, it constitutes the most common cancer in the head‐and‐neck region, and it is the 16th most common and 15th deadliest cancer type affecting humans. Despite the global efforts channelled towards global cancer control, the burden of oral cancer is still increasing. Every year, several thousands of people across 195 countries/territories die of oral cancer, and only about 40%–50% of the victims of oral cancer barely survive for 5 years after diagnosis. Within the past few decades, there has been a paradigm shift in the epidemiological trend of oral cancer risk factors. Oral sex – a major route of transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) – was found to be increasing at an alarming rate, whereas tobacco and alcohol use had been on the decline. This narrative review critically discussed the contemporary challenges facing the global eradication of HPV‐associated oral cancer, with reasonable recommendations. The challenges discussed in this review are major, ranging from clinical to public health policy issues, which include the lack of validated and inexpensive oral HPV screening and diagnostic tools, high global public illiteracy on oral HPV infection, diverse sociocultural factors, weak global research capacity on oral HPV infection and HPV‐associated oral cancer and the absence of policies across different countries on national preventive programmes on HPV‐associated oral cancer. This review also identified the need for more attention towards the prevention and control oral HPV infection and HPV‐associated oral cancers globally.
Menstruation‐related acute watery diarrhoea: Understanding the impact of hormonal fluctuations on digestive health
Authors: Amin Mohammad Ashraful , Nahin Sabrina , Manna Ridwana Maher , Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCaseDuring menstruation, healthy women frequently experience gastrointestinal symptoms. The objective of this report is to describe a case of a woman who presented with acute watery diarrhoea during menstruation for the last 3 years.OutcomeA case report has been compiled of a patient who visited the emergency room of the hospital on May 20, 2023, complaining of severe watery diarrhoea. An increased frequency of Gastrointestinal symptoms during menses has also been reported in women, but specifically acute watery diarrhoea symptoms during menses for the last 3 years is quite an unusual case. This study explores the possibility of a relationship between hormonal changes with increased prostaglandin levels and menstrual diarrhoea. Besides norethisterone acetate was utilized by the patient due to irregular menstruation, which might have an influence on this gastrointestinal problem but more studies are needed to determine its effect.ConclusionConsidering the possibility of a new diagnosis and carefully investigating the correct diagnosis for persistent acute watery diarrhoea related to menstruation is crucial for improving patient care.
Risk‐Seeking Peasants, Excessive Artisans: Speculation in the Northern Andes
Authors: Antrosio Jason , Colloredo‐Mansfeld Rudi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThomas Friedman (referencing Harvard economist Lawrence Katz) declared that the economic future for the United States meant that “everyone today has to be an artisan” (The New York Times, October 23, 2010). But what does it mean to be an artisan in a globalized world? This article suggests that artisan economies may involve high levels of risk and excess, frustrating the search for economic justice and more equitable opportunities. Fieldwork with peasant agriculturists in southwestern Colombia and textile artisans in northern Ecuador challenges the stereotypes of conservative, risk‐averse peasants or of traditional, low‐output artisans. Rather, risk‐maximization and excessive behavior is widespread, and may be vital for maintaining the system. The chance at windfall profits encourages small‐scale production, making it seem worth persevering through adverse conditions. At times when traditional calculations of toil and expenditure make agriculture or artisanry seem like wasted effort, excessive display of winnings can provide motivation to continue. In booms and busts in the northern Andes, peasants and artisans have built an infrastructure of excess: overbuilt streetscapes, overcapacity in workshops, lost economic diversity, and production shifted to niche markets. To participate in a global economy, this is the meaning of “everyone today has to be an artisan.”
The Promising Seesaw Relationship Between Activity and Stability of Ru‐Based Electrocatalysts for Acid Oxygen Evolution and Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Fan Ruo‐Yao , Zhang Yu‐Sheng , Lv Jing‐Yi , Han Guan‐Qun , Chai Yong‐Ming , Dong Bin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe development of electrocatalysts that are not reliant on iridium for efficient acid‐oxygen evolution is a critical step towards the proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) and green hydrogen industry. Ruthenium‐based electrocatalysts have garnered widespread attention due to their remarkable catalytic activity and lower commercial price. However, the challenge lies in balancing the seesaw relationship between activity and stability of these electrocatalysts during the acid‐oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This review delves into the progress made in Ru‐based electrocatalysts with regards to acid OER and PEMWE applications. It highlights the significance of customizing the acidic OER mechanism of Ru‐based electrocatalysts through the coordination of adsorption evolution mechanism (AEM) and lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM) to attain the ideal activity and stability relationship. The promising tradeoffs between the activity and stability of different Ru‐based electrocatalysts, including Ru metals and alloys, Ru single‐atomic materials, Ru oxides, and derived complexes, and Ru‐based heterojunctions, as well as their applicability to PEMWE systems, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, this paper offers insights on in situ control of Ru active sites, dynamic catalytic mechanism, and commercial application of PEMWE. Based on three‐way relationship between cost, activity, and stability, the perspectives and development are provided.
Influence of LiNO3 on the Lithium Metal Deposition Behavior in Carbonate‐Based Liquid Electrolytes and on the Electrochemical Performance in Zero‐Excess Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Stuckenberg Silvan , Bela Marlena Maria , Lechtenfeld Christian‐Timo , Mense Maximilian , Küpers Verena , Ingber Tjark Thorben Klaus , Winter Martin , Stan Marian Cristian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractContinuous lithium (Li) depletion shadows the increase in energy density and safety properties promised by zero‐excess lithium metal batteries (ZELMBs). Guiding the Li deposits toward more homogeneous and denser lithium morphology results in improved electrochemical performance. Herein, a lithium nitrate (LiNO3) enriched separator that improves the morphology of the Li deposits and facilitates the formation of an inorganic‐rich solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) resulting in an extended cycle life in Li||Li‐cells as well as an increase of the Coulombic efficiency in Cu||Li‐cells is reported. Using a LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 positive electrode in NCM622||Cu‐cells, a carbonate‐based electrolyte, and a LiNO3 enriched separator, an extension of the cycle life by more than 50 cycles with a moderate capacity fading compared to the unmodified separator is obtained. The relative constant level of LiNO3 in the electrolyte, maintained by the LiNO3 enriched separator throughout the cycling process stems at the origin of the improved performance. Ion chromatography measurements carried out at different cycles support the proposed mechanism of a slow and constant release of LiNO3 from the separator. The results indicate that the strategy of using a LiNO3 enriched separator instead of LiNO3 as a sacrificial electrolyte additive can improve the performance of ZELMBs further by maintaining a compact and thus stable SEI layer on Li deposits.
Kinetically Controlled Structural Modulation of the Self‐Assembled Silver Nanoclusters
Authors: Feng Ning , Wang Zhi , Sun Di , Zhang Lizhi , Xin Xia , Sun Panpan , Azam Mohammad , Li Hongguang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMetal nanoclusters (NCs) with atomic precision are growing into a fascinating class of building blocks for supramolecular chemistry. What makes it more interesting is the enhanced optical properties of the ordered structures, including aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). However, algorithm dictating the self‐assembly of metal NCs in multicomponent environment remains largely unknown, and effective means to manipulate the self‐assembly is still lacking, especially under kinetic control. Herein, nanofibers which contain sub‐1 nm nanowires and exhibit circularly polarized phosphorescence (CPP) are obtained from crystallization‐induced self‐assembly (CISA) of water‐soluble, negatively charged silver NCs (Ag9‐NCs) in the presence of glutamic acid (Glu). By the introduction of a positively‐charged additive (choline chloride, CC), the structure of the nanowires is modulated and the lateral interaction between adjacent nanofibers is adjusted, leading to simultaneous improvement of the phosphorescence and chirality which finally enhances CPP. Importantly, changing the time at which CC is introduced altered the kinetic pathway of the CISA, which enables to effectively manipulate both the final structures of the self‐assembled Ag9‐NCs and the output of the optical signals.