bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial resistance in the subgingival microflora in patients with adult periodontitis
Authors: Van Winkelhoff A. J. , Gonzales D. Herrera , Winkel E. G. , Dellemijn‐Kippuw N. , Vandenbroucke‐Grauls C. M. J. E. , Sanz M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: The widespread use of antibiotics for prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial infections has lead to the emergence of resistant human pathogens. Great differences have been documented between European countries in the use of systemic antibiotics. In parallel, significant differences in levels of resistant pathogens have been documented.Aim:To investigate whether differences in antibiotic use influence the level of antimicrobial resistance of the subgingival microflora of untreated patients with adult periodontitis in The Netherlands and Spain.Method: Blood agar plates containing breakpoint concentrations of penicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin and clavunalate, metronidazole, erythromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline were used to determine the proportion of bacteria from the subgingival plaque that was resistant to these antibiotics. In the Spanish patients, statistically significant higher mean levels of resistance were found for penicillin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, clindamycin and tetracycline. The mean number of different bacterial species growing on the selective plates was higher in the Spanish patients, as was the % of resistant strains of most periodontal pathogens. A striking difference was observed in the frequency of occurrence of tetracycline‐resistant periodontal pathogens. In Spain, 5 patients had 3 tetracycline resistant periodontal pathogens, whereas this was not observed in any of the Dutch patients.Conclusions: The widespread use of antibiotics in Spain is reflected in the level of resistance of the subgingival microflora of adult patients with periodontitis.
Regenerative periodontal surgery in interproximal intrabony defects with biodegradable barriers
Authors: Dörfer Christof E. , Kim Ti‐Sun , Steinbrenner Harald , Holle Rolf , Eickholz Peter 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim:The comparison of the effects of guided‐tissue regeneration (GTR) using 2 different biodegradable barriers (polylactide acetyltributyl citrate; polydioxanon) in 3‐ and 2‐wall intrabony defects.Method: The polydioxanon barrier is an experimental membrane for GTR therapy that consists of an continuous occlusive barrier that has a layer of slings on the side that is meant to face the mucoperiosteal flap. 15 patients provided 15 pairs of similar contralateral periodontal defects: 12 predominantly 2‐wall and 18 predominantly 3‐wall intrabony defects. Each defect was randomly assigned to treatment with either polylactide acetyltributyl citrate (control [c]) or polydioxanon (test [t]) devices. At baseline and 6 months after surgery, clinical measurements (PlI, GI, PPD, PAL‐V) were performed.Results: Barrier exposure was commonly observed in both groups (control/test): 5/4 after 7 days, 9/11 after 14 days and 11/12 after 28 days postsurgically. 4 weeks after surgery, 77% of all barriers were exposed to some extent. However, both treatments revealed a significant GI reduction (p<0.05), PPD reduction [−4.63±1.85 mm (t), −4.17±1.89 mm (c); p<0.001] and PAL‐V gain [3.97±1.17 mm (t), 3.40 mm±1.40 (c); p<0.001] 6 months after surgery. Regarding GI and PPD reduction as well as PAL‐V gain, there were neither statistically significant nor clinically relevant differences between test and control: similar clinical results were found 6 months after surgical treatment using both biodegradable barriers.Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, the use of both biodegradable barriers in GTR therapy may be recommended.
Radiographic detection and assessment of the periodontal endosseous defects
Authors: Pepelassi Eudoxie A. , Tsiklakis Kostas , Diamanti‐Kipioti Anthi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAims: The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of conventional radiography in detecting and accurately imaging periodontal endosseous (or osseous) defects when compared to surgical measurements. A further objective of the study was the selection of the most successful radiographic method for the assessment of endosseous defects.Method: Surgical measurements, during periodontal flap surgery, and radiographic measurements, from periapical and panoramic radiographs, were obtained from 5072 proximal surfaces of 100 patients presenting with periodontitis.Results: Statistical evaluation of the surgical and radiographic measurements revealed the following. (1) The ability of the radiographs to detect periodontal osseous defects was relatively low. (2) For periapical radiography, it depended, in descending order, on the depth and buccolingual width of the defect, the number of osseous walls and the jaw location. For panoramic radiography, it depended only on buccolingual width. (3) Osseous defects of small depth and/or small buccolingual width were the most difficult to detect radiographically. (4) Periapical radiography was more successful than panoramic in detecting osseous defects, and more accurate in assessing the defect dimensions (depth, mesiodistal width). (5) The difference in the defect detection ability between the 2 radiographic methods, the accuracy of the radiographic defect dimensions assessment as well as the degree of agreement between periapical and panoramic assessment depended on defect location and dimensions.Conclusions: Periapical radiography is superior to panoramic in detecting and accurately imaging periodontal osseous destruction.
Is there a relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease?
Authors: Mercado F. , Marshall Roderick I. , Klestov Alexander C. , Bartold P. Mark 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between disease experience of rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease.Methods: 1412 individuals attending the University of Queensland's School of Dentistry were assessed for the prevalence of periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Analysis of data obtained from a self‐reported health questionnaire and dental records was carried out and included: number of individuals referred for advanced periodontal care (test group); number of individuals attending for routine dentistry; determination of rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus through self‐reporting and assessment of prescription medications; assessment of periodontal disease through assessment of existing oral radiographs.Results: In patients referred for periodontal treatment, the prevalence of self‐reported rheumatoid arthritis was 3.95% which is significantly higher than that seen in patients not referred for periodontal treatment (0.66%) and also that reported in the general population (1%). Of those referred patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 62.5% had advanced forms of periodontal disease. These results were mirrored in the results of the self‐reported prevalence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus which was consistent with the published higher prevalence in periodontal patients.Conclusions: Based on data derived from self‐reported health conditions, and not withstanding the limitations of such a study, we conclude that there is good evidence to suggest that individuals with moderate to severe periodontal disease are at higher risk of suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and vice versa.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐8 levels and elastase activities in gingival crevicular fluid from chronic adult periodontitis patients
Authors: Chen H. Y. , Cox S. W. , Eley B. M. , Mäntylä P. , Rönkä H. , Sorsa T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: To make an initial assessment of the periodontal diagnostic potential of immunoreactive matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) by comparison with elastase activity which has previously been associated with disease severity and progression.Methods: GCF was collected from molar and premolar sites of 16 chronic adult periodontitis patients before treatment and 13 of this group 2 weeks after scaling and root planing. Samples were analysed for MMP‐8 by immunofluorometric assay and for elastase activity with a fluorogenic substrate.Results: Mean patient clinical parameters and GCF enzyme totals both decreased significantly after treatment. Total MMP‐8 levels and elastase activities generally correlated significantly with gingival and bleeding indices. For GCF concentrations, only MMP‐8 showed a significant fall after treatment, and some significant correlations with clinical parameters. Amounts of the 2 enzymes correlated significantly with each other.Conclusions: Similarities betdween MMP‐8 and elastase probably reflect the fact that both enzymes are associated mainly with neutrophils: MMP‐8 levels may have fallen more after treatment because the assay, unlike that for elastase, would most likely not have detected much enzyme bound to α2‐macroglobulin. The immunoassay for MMP‐8 is more specific and convenient than functional collagenase assays, and might be suitable for monitoring the periodontal condition.
β‐lactamase producing bacteria in the subgingival microflora of adult patients with periodontitis. A comparison between Spain and The Netherlands
Authors: Herrera D. , Van Winkelhoff A. J. , Dellemijn‐Kippuw N. , Winkel E. G. , Sanz M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground/aims: Countries with a high per capita antibiotic use frequently demonstrate a high level of drug resistance. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and levels of β‐lactamase producing bacteria in the subgingival microflora in adult patients with periodontitis in Spain and The Netherlands, and to characterise β‐lactamase producing bacteria in both patient samples.Method: Patients with moderate to severe periodontitis were consecutively selected and asked to report on: current systemic disorders and medications, history of use of antibiotics, and smoking habits. Clinical variables included probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, plaque, bleeding on probing, and suppuration. Pooled subgingival samples of 4 selected sites were anaerobically cultured in blood agar plates with and without amoxicillin, and amoxicillin/clavulanate. Bacterial colonies growing on amoxicillin plates but not on amoxicillin/clavulanate plates were tested for β‐lactamase production. β‐lactamase producing bacteria were isolated and identified.Results: 31 patients were studied in the Spanish group and 30 in the Dutch group. Comparable mean gender and ages were found. Evaluation of previous antibiotic use revealed that, in the previous 12 months, 54.8% of patients in the Spanish group and 10% in the Dutch group reported antibiotic use (p<0.001). The prevalence of β‐lactamase producing bacteria was 87.1% in the Spanish group and 73.3% in the Dutch group. Total counts of β‐lactamase producing bacteria on amoxicillin plates (p<0.01), the mean number of different β‐lactamase producing colonies per patient (p<0.001), and the number of amoxicillin resistant colonies (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the Spanish group. 74 β‐lactamase producing strains in the Spanish group and 33 in the Dutch group were isolated for identification. 23 out of 35 identified strains in the Spanish group, and 32 out of 33 in the Dutch group belonged to Prevotella genus.Conclusions: A high prevalence of β‐lactamase producing bacteria has been evaluated in two distinct populations, belonging to two European countries with clear differences in antibiotic usage policy. A higher prevalence and a more complex β‐lactamase producing microflora, were found in the Spanish group, associated with a higher antibiotic consumption. This study shows that a higher use of β‐lactam antibiotics is reflected in the % of β‐lactamase producing bacteria in the subgingival microflora of patients with periodontitis. This information may be important in the treatment of severe periodontitis.
A study to assess the plaque inhibitory activity of a new triclosan mouthrinse formulation
Authors: Moran J. , Addy M. , Newcombe R. G. , Marlow I. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground/aims: Toothpastes and mouthrinses containing triclosan have been shown to be of some value at inhibiting both plaque and gingivitis. However much improved activity can be obtained by the addition of other chemicals which increase substantivity or antimicrobial activity. The present study was designed to determine whether a new mouthwash formulation containing a triglyceride oil was capable of reducing plaque reformation when compared to a control rinse containing neither triclosan or oil.Methods: A total of 24 subjects took part in a double‐blind, single‐centre, cross‐over study in which rinses were used as the only form of oral hygiene over a 4‐day period. On the 1st day of each period, the subjects were given a prophylaxis to remove all plaque and calculus deposits. A single supervised rinse was taken and subsequent 2× daily rinses over the following 3 days. 24 and 96 h after the prophylaxis, the volunteers returned to the clinic, the plaque disclosed and assessed by plaque index and area. The test procedure and wash‐out phase were repeated until all of the subjects had used both rinses.Results: After 24 h, a 12% reduction in plaque score and a 25% reduction in plaque area was noted for the triclosan/oil rinse compared to the control rinse; however, these reductions were not significant (p>0.05). After 96 h, the triclosan/oil rinse failed to produce a numerical or statistical reduction in plaque whether measured by plaque score or area.Conclusions: These findings would suggest that the triclosan/oil rinse would be of little value at inhibiting dental plaque whether used alone or as an adjunct to conventional oral hygiene measures.
Altered chemotactic behavior of crevicular PMNs in different forms of periodontitis
Authors: Sigusch B. , Eick S. , Pfister W. , Klinger G. , Glockmann E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the predominant host defence cells in the gingival sulcus. Previous work demonstrates that the in vitro phagocytosis of crevicular cells in localised early onset periodontitis (LEOP) and generalised early onset periodontitis (GEOP) lesions is diminished. The present study extends this work by characterizing the chemotaxis function of crevicular fluid (CF) PMNs in various forms of periodontitis.Methods: We investigated 7 patients with LEOP, 11 patients with GEOP, 12 patients with adult periodontitis (AP) and 2 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy control groups. The two deepest sites of each quadrant in test and control subjects were selected for crevicular sampling. Chemotaxis was performed in a micro chamber (moist atmosphere, 5% CO2, 37 °C, 30 min) using N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (FMLP, 1×10−7 mol FMLP/l) as a chemoattractant. The total chemotaxis was defined as the difference between the number of cells migrating towards FMLP minus the number of cells migrating towards PBS, counted in 20 randomly selected fields. Membranes were examined microscopically at 400× magnification.Results: The chemotactic activity in the adult periodontitis group was significantly higher compared to the age‐related control group. However, we found a statistically significant reduction of chemotactic activity in LEOP and GEOP patients compared to the controls.Conclusions: These results indicate an increase of chemotactic activity from CF‐PMN in patients with adult periodontitis, but on the other hand, a significant reduction of chemotactic responsiveness of these cells in LEOP and GEOP lesions.
Effects of SCN−/H2O2 combinations in dentifrices on plaque and gingivitis
Authors: Rosin Michael , Kocher Thomas , Kramer Axel 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: A 10‐week, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical study on 140 male subjects was conducted to determine the effect on plaque and gingivitis of 5 dentifrices containing various thiocyanate (SCN−)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) combinations.Materials and Methods: The dentifrices consisted of a gel base without any detergents or abrasives (placebo, group A) to which SCN− and/or H2O2 were added as follows: 0.1% SCN− (group B), 0.5% SCN− (group C), 0.1% SCN−/ 0.1% H2O2 (group D), 0.5% SCN−/0.1% H2O2 (group E) and 0.1% H2O2 (group F). A baseline examination was performed in which the Silness and Löe Plaque Index (PI), the Mühlemann and Son Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI), and the amount of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were recorded using the Periotron 6000 on teeth 16, 12, 24, 36, 32, and 44. The subjects were randomly assigned to either the placebo group (n=40) or one of the test groups (n=20) and used their respective dentifrices over a period of 8 weeks. Finally, each group used the placebo for another 2 weeks (wash‐out). Re‐examinations were performed after 1, 4, and 8 weeks and the 2‐week wash‐out period employing the clinical parameters used at baseline. Intragroup changes were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed‐ranks test, using the baseline and wash‐out points as references. The Mann‐Whitney U test was used for comparisons between the treatment groups and the placebo group.Results: At the 8‐week examination, the plaque index in group E (p=0.017) and group F (p=0.032) was lower than in the placebo group. The Sulcus Bleeding Index in group F after 1 week was increased (p=0.023) and the SBI in group E after 8 weeks was reduced (p=0.047) as compared to the placebo group.Conclusion: The results demonstrated that a dentifrice containing 0.5% SCN− and 0.1% H2O2 but no detergents or abrasives inhibited plaque and decreased gingivitis.
Toothbrush filaments end‐rounding: stereomicroscope analysis
Authors: Checchi L. , Minguzzi S. , Franchi M. , Forteleoni G. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background, aims: Toothbrush filaments with rounded ends allow for efficient removal of bacterial plaque and are less harmful to periodontal tissues than non‐rounded bristles. The aim of this research was to evaluate the % of rounded filaments considered to be of acceptable quality in different toothbrush brands and to determine whether there is a standardization of quality, as manufacturers claim.Method: Brushes tested included 2 samples of medium‐hard nylon or tynex toothbrushes from 31 various types found on the retail market in Italy. Tufts from the same position on the toothbrush head were removed and examined under a stereomicroscope, utilizing methods which did not alter the physical properties of the filaments. In 4 of the 31 toothbrush brands tested, more than 50% of the filaments appeared rounded, in 19 of them, between 11.9% and 40.5% and in 8 brands between 0% and 7%.Results: Differences were found in the number and disposition of filaments among different brands and even within the same toothbrush brand.Conclusion: The results appear to indicate that a large % of toothbrushes on the retail market do not meet acceptable quality criteria.
The effect of systemic antibiotics in the treatment of patients with recurrent periodontitis
Authors: Serino G. , Rosling B. , Ramberg P. , Hellström M.‐K. , Socransky S. S. , Lindhe J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Subjects with periodontal disease exist who either (i) respond poorly to initial mechanical therapy (“refractory” periodontitis) or (ii) fail to adopt adequate self‐performed plaque control techniques and hence develop recurrent disease (“recurrent” periodontitis) at multiple sites during the supportive treatment phase (SPT). Various systemic antibiotic regimens have been tried as adjuncts to the mechanical (re‐) treatment of such “difficult to treat”‐patients. While most studies indicated a positive outcome of the adjunctive therapy, some clinical investigators reported that this additional measure provided little or no benefit.Aim: The aim of the present investigation was to study the more long term effect of adjunctive antibiotic therapy in the re‐treatment of patients with a well defined history of recurrent periodontitis.Material and Methods: 17 subjects with recurrent advanced periodontal disease were, following a baseline examination, subjected to non‐surgical therapy including the use of systemic antibiotics (amoxicillin and metronidazole). They were placed in a careful SPT program and re‐examined after 1, 3 and 5 years. The examinations included both clinical and microbiological assessments.Results: It was demonstrated that in subjects with advanced and recurrent periodontitis, re‐treatment including (i) comprehensive scaling and root planing (SRP), (ii) systemic administration of antibiotics and (iii) meticulous supragingival plaque control by both mechanical and chemical means established periodontal conditions that in the short term (3 years) and in the majority of subjects could be properly maintained by traditional SPT measures. Between 3 and 5 years, however, only 5 of the 17 subjects exhibited stable periodontal attachment levels.Conclusions: Some deep pockets and furcations were most likely inadequately instrumented during the active treatment phase. Microorganisms residing in biofilms left in such locations were probably not sufficiently affected by the 2 weeks of adjunctive antibiotic therapy. It is suggested that removal of certain subgingival deposits, therefore, may require surgical intervention.
Flow‐cytometric analysis of lymphocyte subsets and mCD14 expression in patients with various periodontitis categories
Authors: Buduneli Nurcan , Bıçakçı Nurgün , Keskinogˇlu Ahmet 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Membrane‐bound CD14 (mCD14) is expressed mainly on circulating monocytes and tissue macrophages. It is one of the receptors, which act at the recognition of lipopolysaccharides by host cells. Periodontopathic bacteria result in activation of cellular and humoral immune responses.Aim: The aim of the present study was to analyze the peripheral blood mCD14 concentrations as well as cell surface markers of lymphocyte subsets in periodontitis patients of various categories.Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 22 early onset periodontitis (EOP), 10 adult periodontitis (AP) patients and 13 systemically and periodontally healthy control subjects. Three‐color flow cytometry and a panel of relevant monoclonal antibodies were used to determine the percent expression of various cell surface markers on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The results were tested statistically by one‐way variance analysis and Newman Keuls test.Results: No significant difference was observed between the study groups with regard to the relative counts of B‐cells, T‐cells, T‐helper, T‐cytotoxic/suppressor, activated T‐cells and natural killer cells. EOP patients expressed significantly lower level of interleukin‐2 receptor (IL‐2R) when compared with AP patients (6.08% and 19.3% respectively) (p<0.05). The level of mCD14 in EOP patients (7.18%) was lower than that of AP patients (9.3%) and the control subjects (9.2%), but the differences were not statistically significant.Conclusions: The low level of IL‐2R in the EOP group may be interpreted as an insufficient responsiveness to the periodontopathogens, which may be ultimately related with the more severe tissue destruction. Though not significant, the reduced expression of mCD14 in EOP group may also be related with the immune system deficiencies in these patients.