bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esterification of butyric acid with n‐butanol: Kinetic study using experimental data and modeling
Authors: Pathak Ashutosh Kumar , Kundu Madhusree 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPresent study involves the investigation of the esterification kinetics between butyric acid and n‐butanol. This reaction was conducted in a batch reactor, utilizing homogeneous methanesulfonic acid (MSA) catalyst. Response surface methodology (RSM) was conducted prior to the kinetic study using “Design Expert; version‐11.0” for finding the causal factors influencing the conversion of butyric acid. Most important factors identified with their limits against conversions (during optimization of the process using RSM) were taken up to critically analyze the effect of them on butyric acid conversion. Concentration and activity‐based model of the process were proposed assuming second order reversible reaction scheme using homogeneous MSA catalyst. During the study of non‐ideal behavior of the system, UNIFAC model was adapted for assessing the activity coefficients of species present in equilibrated liquid phase. Experimental data were used to evaluate kinetic and thermodynamic parameters such as rate constants, activation energy, enthalpy, and entropy of the system. The endothermic nature of esterification was confirmed by positive value of enthalpy obtained. The effect of various levels of causal variables like temperature (60–90°C), catalyst concentration (0.5–1.5 wt.%), and molar ratio of n‐butanol to butyric acid (1–3) on conversion kinetics of butyric acid was investigated during transient and equilibrium phase of the reaction. It has been observed that molar ratio of butanol to butyric acid has the highest influence on the conversion. The rate equation derived offered a kinetic and thermodynamic framework to the generated data. It also exhibits a notable degree of conformity of predicted data to the experimental ones and effectively characterizes the system across different reaction temperatures, reactant molar ratio, and catalyst concentration.
Fabrication and In Vitro Characterization of Polycaprolactone/Graphene Oxide/Collagen Nanofibers for Myocardial Repair
Authors: Karapehlivan Sema Seren , Danisik Mehmet Necati , Akdag Zekiye , Yildiz Elif Nur , Okoro Oseweuba Valentine , Nie Lei , Shavandi Amin , Ulag Songul , Sahin Ali , Dumludag Fatih , Gunduz Oguzhan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study is focused on fabricating tissue‐engineered electrospun nanofibers that contain polycaprolactone (PCL), graphene oxide (GO), and collagen (COL) to get an alternative treatment for cardiac injuries. GO (1.5 wt%) is used to support the contraction‐elongation of cardiomyocytes by improving electrical stimulation. The COL (1, 3, and 5 wt%) is the main component of the myocardial extracellular matrix have led to their frequent use in cardiac tissue engineering (CTE). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show the homogeneous and bead‐free morphologies of the nanofibers. Adding a high amount (3% and 5%) of COL decreases the tensile strength value of 17% PCL/1.5% GO nanofiber. 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay demonstrates that the COL addition increases cell viability compared to that in 17% PCL/1.5% GO nanofibers on the third day. The response of the nanofibers to alternating current (AC) signal is studied between the frequencies 40 and 105 Hz. The direct current (DC) conductivity values of the films are determined to be between 1.10−10 and 6.10−10 S m−1 at 25 °C. The AC conductivity values show frequency‐dependent behavior. Among the PCL/GO‐based electrospun nanofibers, 17% PCL/1.5% GO/5% COL nanofiber shows greater DC and AC conductivity than 17% PCL/1.5% GO nanofiber.
Replication of the bSTAR sequence and open‐source implementation
Authors: Lee Nam G. , Bauman Grzegorz , Bieri Oliver , Nayak Krishna S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeThe reproducibility of scientific reports is crucial to advancing human knowledge. This paper is a summary of our experience in replicating a balanced SSFP half‐radial dual‐echo imaging technique (bSTAR) using open‐source frameworks as a response to the 2023 ISMRM “repeat it with me” Challenge.MethodsWe replicated the bSTAR technique for thoracic imaging at 0.55T. The bSTAR pulse sequence is implemented in Pulseq, a vendor neutral open‐source rapid sequence prototyping environment. Image reconstruction is performed with the open‐source Berkeley Advanced Reconstruction Toolbox (BART). The replication of bSTAR, termed open‐source bSTAR, is tested by replicating several figures from the published literature. Original bSTAR, using the pulse sequence and image reconstruction developed by the original authors, and open‐source bSTAR, with pulse sequence and image reconstruction developed in this work, were performed in healthy volunteers.ResultsBoth echo images obtained from open‐source bSTAR contain no visible artifacts and show identical spatial resolution and image quality to those in the published literature. A direct head‐to‐head comparison between open‐source bSTAR and original bSTAR on a healthy volunteer indicates that open‐source bSTAR provides adequate SNR, spatial resolution, level of artifacts, and conspicuity of pulmonary vessels comparable to original bSTAR.ConclusionWe have successfully replicated bSTAR lung imaging at 0.55T using two open‐source frameworks. Full replication of a research method solely relying on information on a research paper is unfortunately rare in research, but our success gives greater confidence that a research methodology can be indeed replicated as described.
Developing new ways to assess neural control of pelvic organ function in spinal conditions: ICI‐RS 2023
Authors: Webb Katie , de Rijk Mathijs M. , Gajewski Jerzy B. , Kanai Anthony J. , Perrouin‐Verbe Marie‐Aimée , van Koeveringe Gommert , Wyndaele Jean‐Jacques , Drake Marcus J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesSeveral central nervous system (CNS) centers affect muscle groups of the lower urinary tract (LUT) and anorectal tract (ART) via autonomic and somatic pathways, working in different modes (storage or expulsion). Hence spinal cord dysfunction can affect the LUT and ART by several possible mechanisms.MethodsThis review reports the discussions of a workshop at the 2023 meeting of the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society, which reviewed uncertainties and research priorities of spinal dysfunction.ResultsDiscussion focussed on the levator ani nerve, mechanisms underpinning sensory function and sensation, functional imaging, dyssynergia, and experimental models. The following key research questions were identified. (1) Clinically, how can we evaluate the levator ani muscle to support assessment and identify prognosis for effective treatment selection? (2) How can we reliably measure levator ani tone? (3) How can we evaluate sensory information and sensation for the LUT and the ART? (4) What is the role of functional CNS imaging in development of scientific insights and clinical evaluation? (5) What is the relationship of detrusor sphincter dyssynergia to renal failure?ConclusionsSpinal cord dysfunction can fundamentally disrupt LUT and ART function, with considerable clinical impact. The evaluation needs to reflect the full scope of potential problems, and new clinical and diagnostic approaches are needed, for prognosis and treatment. The preclinical science evaluating spinal cord function in both LUT and ART storage and elimination remains a major priority, even though it is a challenging experimental context. Without this underpinning evidence, development of new clinical evidence may be held back.
Game changers: do new medications make lifestyle‐based treatment of obesity obsolete?
Authors: Lewis Kristina H. , Moore Justin B. , Ard Jamy D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHistorically, obesity was viewed as a lifestyle disease, with an associated lifestyle solution, and approaches that embody the “eat less, move more” idea have dominated obesity treatment recommendations for over half a century. Meanwhile, the prevalence and severity of obesity continue to increase globally. Enter the so‐called “game changers”: glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists. In the media frenzy around these and other new antiobesity medications in the pipeline, lifestyle‐based treatment researchers and practitioners may find themselves wondering whether behavioral approaches to obesity will become obsolete in this new therapeutic era. In this Perspective, the authors contend that medical approaches impact physiologic pathways to support the success of behavioral approaches. Similarly, behavioral approaches can improve weight loss‐adjacent outcomes that are not addressed by medication. Thus, the two approaches are complementary and must coexist if we are to make a significant, population‐level impact on the obesity epidemic.
The effects of physical symptoms, self‐efficacy and social constraints on fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer survivors: Examining the mediating role of illness representations
Authors: Lyu Meng‐Meng , Chiew‐Jiat Rosalind Siah , Cheng Karis Kin Fong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is common in breast cancer survivors (BCS). This study examined the mediating role of illness representations in the relationships between FCR and physical symptoms, social constraint and self‐care self‐efficacy.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 385 women with breast cancer completed a series of questionnaires including the FCR Inventory, Social Constraints Scale‐15, Cancer Survivors Self‐Efficacy Scale, Illness Perception Questionnaire‐Revised and European Organization for Research and Treatment Quality of Life Questionnaire‐Breast Cancer. Structural equation modelling method was conduct by using a bootstrapping method.ResultsPhysical symptoms (β = 0.272, p < 0.01), social constraints (β = 0.130, p < 0.01), self‐efficacy (β = −0.233, p < 0.01) and illness representation (β = 0.261, p < 0.01) have direct effects on FCR. The indirect effects of physical symptoms (β = 0.10, p < 0.01), social constraints (β = 0.076, p < 0.01) and self‐efficacy (β = −0.025, p < 0.05) on FCR were partially mediated by illness representations.ConclusionsIn this study, the effects of physical symptoms, social constraints and self‐efficacy on FCR were found to be mediated by illness representation. Reducing the impact of negative illness representations on FCR by reducing physical symptoms, increasing self‐efficacy, and promoting open disclosure of cancer‐related concerns may be effective in reducing FCR in BCS.
Is there an optimal time to administer postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with brain metastases? A systematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nwankwo Anthony , Dang Danielle D. , Choe Kevin , Kanani Samir , Cohen Adam L. , Ziu Mateo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPostoperative stereotactic radiosurgery improves local tumor control in patients with metastatic brain cancer. However, the influence of timing on its therapeutic efficacy is unclear. In this study, we performed a meta‐analysis and systematic literature review examining publications that reported the timing of postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for patients with intracranial metastases. Our primary outcomes included median overall survival and rates of local and regional failure, while secondary outcomes examined the incidence of treatment‐related adverse events. Correlations between median SRS timing and these variables were assessed using linear regression and publication bias was appraised via Egger's test. Our study resulted in 22 articles comprising 1338 patients. The median timing of adjuvant SRS spanned 14.5 to 41 days. There was a significant negative study‐level correlation of median time to SRS with regional failure (p = 0.043, R2 = 0.32) but not with overall survival (p = 0.54, R2 = 0.03) or local failure (p = 0.16, R2 = 0.14). Additionally, there was significant heterogeneity within the reports (p<0.0001). In conclusion, our analysis demonstrated that postoperative SRS timing did not influence local failure rates which may in part be due to significant variability between individual study designs and patient demographics. Further research is warranted to elucidate the role of timing for postoperative SRS on oncologic outcomes.
Enhanced HER Efficiency of Monolayer MoS2 via S Vacancies and Nano‐Cones Array Induced Strain Engineering
Authors: Liu Xiao , Li Zeqi , Jiang Huili , Wang Xin , Xia Pufeihong , Duan Zhuojun , Ren Yizhang , Xiang Haiyan , Li Huimin , Zeng Jiang , Zhou Yige , Liu Song 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has gained significant attention as a promising catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The catalytic performance of MoS2 can be enhanced by either altering its structure or regulating external conditions. In this study, a novel approach combining the introduction of sulfur vacancy (VS) and biaxial tensile strain to create more active sites and modulate the band structure of monolayer MoS2 is proposed. To achieve the desired strain level, nano‐cones (NCs) array substrates facilely fabricated by dip‐pen nanolithography (DPN) are employed. The magnitude of the applied tensile strain can be finely tuned via adjusting the height of the NCs. Furthermore, on‐chip electrochemical devices are constructed based on artificial structures, enabling precise optimization of HER performance of MoS2 through the synergistic effect of VS and strain. Combined with the d‐band theory, it reveals that the HER properties of VS‐MoS2 are highly dependent on the degree of tensile strain. This study presents a promising avenue for the design and preparation of high‐performance 2D catalysts for energy conversion and storage applications.
Hierarchically Interpenetrated and Reentrant Microcellular Frameworks for Stretchable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: An Yoojoo , Kim Nayeon , Hong Soo Yeong , Jung Arum , Kim Eunji , Lee Yonghee , Cho Jinhan , Yeom Bongjun , Son Jeong Gon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of human‐friendly wearable devices, energy storage components are required to have skin‐like stretchability or free‐form to fit closer and more comfortably to the human body. This study introduces a hierarchically interpenetrated reentrant microcellular structure combined with 2D cellular graphene/MXene/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and 3D cellular melamine foam. This composite structure works as a stretchable framework of lithium metal composite electrodes to provide stretchability for lithium metal electrodes, which are promising as next‐generation energy storage systems. The interpenetrated but independent cellular structures successfully obtain stable structural deformability from the nonconductive and deformable melamine foam, while at the same time, high electrical conductivity, lithiophilicity, and mechanical stability of the graphene/CNT/MXene network serve as a lithium deposition support during the electrodeposition of lithium. The reentrant structure is fabricated by radial compressing the hierarchical cellular structures to take advantage of the structural stretchability of the accordion‐like reentrant frameworks. The lithium‐deposited composite electrodes exhibit much lower overpotential during Li stripping and plating than lithium metal foil anodes and show stable electrochemical performances under 30% of mechanical strain. The reentrant microcellular electrodes offer great potential for advanced designs of lithium metal electrodes for stretchable batteries with high energy density.
Stable Aluminum Metal Anode Enabled by Dual‐Functional Molybdenum Nanoparticles
Authors: Ju Shunlong , Qiao Qing , Xu Tian , Zhao Zhongchen , Zhang Tengfei , Xia Guanglin , Yu Xuebin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConstructing robust anode with strong aluminophilicity and rapid desolvation kinetics is essential for achieving high utilization, long‐term durability, and superior rate performance in Al metal‐based energy storage, yet remains largely unexplored. Herein, molybdenum nanoparticles embedded onto nitrogen‐doped graphene (Mo@NG) are designed and prepared as Al host to regulate the deposition behavior and achieve homogeneous Al plating/stripping. The monodispersed Mo nanoparticles reduce the desolvation energy barrier and promote the deposition kinetics of Al. Additionally, Mo nanoparticles act as aluminophilic nucleation sites to minimize the Al nucleation overpotential, further guiding uniform and dense Al deposition. As a result, the dual‐functional Mo@NG endows Al anodes with low voltage hysteresis, reversible Al plating/stripping with high coulombic efficiency, and excellent high‐rate capability under 5 mA cm−2. Moreover, the as‐designed Al metal full batteries deliver a high capacity retention of 92.8% after 3000 cycles at 1 A g−1. This work provides an effective solution to optimize the electrochemical properties of Al metal anode from the perspective of desolvation and deposition reactions, towards the development of high‐safety and long‐cycling aluminum‐ion batteries.
Rapid Information Retrieval from DNA Storage with Microfluidic Very Large‐Scale Integration Platform
Authors: Liu Dong Dong , Cheow Lih Feng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDue to its high information density, DNA is very attractive as a data storage system. However, a major obstacle is the high cost and long turnaround time for retrieving DNA data with next‐generation sequencing. Herein, the use of a microfluidic very large‐scale integration (mVLSI) platform is described to perform highly parallel and rapid readout of data stored in DNA. Additionally, it is demonstrated that multi‐state data encoded in DNA can be deciphered with on‐chip melt‐curve analysis, thereby further increasing the data content that can be analyzed. The pairing of mVLSI network architecture with exquisitely specific DNA recognition gives rise to a scalable platform for rapid DNA data reading.
Atomic‐Scale 3D Structure of a Supported Pd Nanoparticle Revealed by Electron Tomography with Convolution Neural Network‐Based Image Inpainting
Authors: Iwai Hiroki , Nishino Fumiya , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Kudo Masaki , Tsushida Masayuki , Yoshida Hiroshi , Machida Masato , Ohyama Junya 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElectron tomography based on scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is used to analyze 3D structures of metal nanoparticles on the atomic scale. However, in the case of supported metal nanoparticle catalysts, the supporting material may interfere with the 3D reconstruction of metal nanoparticles. In this study, a deep learning‐based image inpainting method is applied to high‐angle annular dark field (HAADF)–STEM images of a supported metal nanoparticle to predict and remove the background image of the support. The inpainting method can separate an 11 nm Pd nanoparticle from the θ‐Al2O3 support in HAADF–STEM images of the θ‐Al2O3‐supported Pd catalyst. 3D reconstruction of the extracted images of the Pd nanoparticle reveals that the Pd nanoparticle adopts a deformed structure of the cuboctahedron model particle, resulting in high index surfaces, which account for the high catalytic activity for methane combustion. Using the xyz coordinate of each Pd atom, the local Pd–Pd bond distance and its variance in a real supported Pd nanoparticle are visualized, showing large strain and disorder at the Pd–Al2O3 interface. The results demonstrate that 3D atomic‐scale analysis enables atomic structure‐based understanding and design of supported metal catalysts.
Three cases of uncommon medication‐associated osteonecrosis of temporal bone
Authors: VanDolah Hunter , Crossley Jason R. , Kim H. Jeffrey 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionMedication‐related osteonecrosis of the temporal bone is rare and has been reported to be associated with the use of anti‐resorptive and biologic agents. Here, we present the first case of tyrosine‐kinase inhibitor‐related external auditory canal (EAC) osteonecrosis as well as two cases related to anti‐resorptive therapies.MethodsA retrospective case series.ResultsCase one: an 84‐year‐old female presented with chronic otitis externa and osteonecrosis of EACs bilaterally. She had a history of osteoporosis treated with denosumab and risedronic acid. She successfully underwent left EAC reconstruction using an inferiorly‐based pedicle periosteal flap while the right ear canal was managed conservatively. Case two: a 69‐year‐old male presented with osteonecrosis of the right EAC. He had a history of osteoporosis treated with alendronic acid and zoledronic acid. His osteonecrosis is conservatively managed with local debridement and antibiotic application. Case three: a 60‐year‐old male presented with osteonecrosis of the right inferior EAC. He had a history of chronic myelogenous leukemia treated with a tyrosine‐kinase inhibitor, imatinib. After failing conservative therapy, he underwent right ear canal reconstruction using a periosteal vascular pedicle flap without complication and experienced complete resolution to his symptoms.ConclusionAnti‐resorptive agents and/or tyrosine kinase inhibitors may lead to dysregulation of bone remodeling and result in rare cases of temporal bone osteonecrosis. When a local debridement and antibiotic therapy fail, definitive surgical excision of necrotic bone with subsequent reconstruction of the EAC may offer patients a possible resolution in symptoms.
Habituation and tolerance in coyotes (Canis latrans), a flexible urban predator
Authors: Golden Beam Emily R. , Berger Joel , Breck Stewart W. , Schell Christopher J. , Lambert Joanna E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe behavioral mechanisms by which urban wildlife adapt to urban landscapes and disturbances within these environments are poorly understood. Such understanding can be important for wildlife managers, especially if the species is of concern to human and pet safety, such as the coyote (Canis latrans). Here, we evaluate coyote tolerance to the presence of humans, pets, and anthropogenic landscapes, to better understand how coyotes are conditioned to live in urbanizing landscapes. Using continuous focal follow and instantaneous scan sampling, we collected data on metrics of anthropogenic development and coyote flight response. We used cumulative link mixed models to determine that intensity of behavioral response to observation was impacted by habitat, human visitation to sites, and coyote group composition. These data may be useful to managers for profiling potentially problematic individual animals and identifying strategies for human–coyote coexistence.
Aktuelle Diagnostik und Therapie bei Ohrmuscheldysplasien und Gehörgangsfehlbildungen
Authors: Brandt Hannes H. , Bodmer Daniel 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungAngeborene Fehlbildungen der Ohrmuschel und des äußeren Gehörgangs können mit schweren ästhetischen und funktionellen Defiziten einhergehen. Neben dem Verständnis embryologischer Grundlagen ist auch die Klassifikation derartiger Anomalien für die Behandlung essenziell. Die frühzeitige Erkennung einer Fehlbildung sowie die Einleitung zeitgerechter Diagnostik sind essenziell, um durch eine adäquate Therapie langfristige Einschränkungen zu verhindern. Ohrmuscheldysplasien werden heute meist operativ, seltener mittels Epithese korrigiert. Die Methoden des „tissue engineering“ sind seit Langem in der Erprobung und könnten in Zukunft eine wesentliche Rolle spielen. Die Behandlung von Gehörgangsstenosen und -atresien bezweckt neben einer Hörverbesserung auch die Verhinderung von Folgeerkrankungen. Darunter finden sich u. a. Cholesteatome oder rezidivierende Infekte. Die Hörrehabilitation umfasst konventionelle und implantierbare Hörgeräte, wobei der Trend zu Letzteren tendiert.