bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological Bistability of the π-System in a Helicene Carbon Nanohoop
Authors: Šolomek Tomáš , Malinčík Juraj 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMolecules with a π-system that can be mapped onto a Möbius strip may display Möbius aromaticity. Such molecules are difficult to synthesize because they have a twisted structure. Recently, we combined chiral [6]helicene and fluorescent [7]cycloparaphenylene, and synthesized the first helicene para-phenylene ([6,7]HPP) carbon nanohoop. We have demonstrated that this design strategy ultimately provides a Möbius topology of the molecular π-electron system and, therefore, offers the potential to study Möbius aromaticity experimentally. In addition, the synthesized nanohoop exists as a mixture of conformers in solution. Some of the conformers possess a different orientability of their π-systems, i.e., they differ in their topology. As a result, the recorded circularly polarized luminescence of isolated enantiomers displays both left- and right-handedness of the emitted light, each emanating from a conformer with a different π-system topology. Therefore, [6,7]HPP provided the first experimental evidence of such topological bistability in carbon nanohoops.
A Systematic Approach to the Design and Implementation of Clinical Informatics Fellowship Programs
Authors: Lingham Veena , Chandwarkar Aarti , Miller Michael , Baker Carrie , Genes Nicholas , Hellems Martha , Khanna Raman , Mize Dara , Silverman Howard 
Published: December 2023

AbstractClinical Informatics (CI), a medical subspecialty since 2011, has grown from the initial four fellowship programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) in 2014 to more than 50 and counting in the present day. In parallel, the literature guiding Clinical Informatics Fellowship training and the curriculum evolved from the original core content published in 2009 to the more recent CI Subspecialty Delineation of Practice and the updated ACGME Milestones 2.0 for CI. In this paper, we outline this evolution and its impact on CIF Curricula. We then propose a framework, specific processes, and tools to standardize the design and optimize the implementation of CIF programs.
Control device for improving swirl flame stabilization
Authors: Krebbers Liam , Hawley Devon , Kheirkhah Sina 
Published: December 2023

Aiming to improve the stabilization of unstable swirling turbulent premixed flames, an actively controlled swirler and electrical hardware and control software are developed, implemented, and tested in the present study. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry is performed to calculate the swirl number and study the flame stabilization. A mixture of methane and air with a mean bulk flow velocity of 5.0 m/s and a fuel–air equivalence ratio of 0.6 is examined. This test condition, along with an original swirler vane angle of 30°, led to the initial anchoring of an unstable premixed flame at the burner exhaust. The developed actuation mechanism allows for changing the swirler vane angle from 30° to 60° and back to 30°. Increasing the vane angle from 30° to 60° increases the swirl number to relatively large values, which leads to the formation of a recirculation zone, a downward velocity along the burner centerline, and, as a result, the stabilization of an M-shaped flame. After the vane angle is reduced to 30°, the swirl number decreases but remains relatively large compared to its original value. As a result, the recirculation zone is present at the end of the actuation process and a V-shaped flame is stabilized. Improving the stabilization of the swirl flames is made possible because of the control apparatus and the method developed in the present study. The apparatus and technique designed and tested in this study facilitate the development of robust tools for improving the stabilization of swirling premixed flames in gas turbine combustors.
Revisiting research and methods in stemborer-rice interactions for integration into future breeding programs
Authors: Horgan Finbarr G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Research into rice-stemborer interactions for pest management has gained renewed attention in the last 10–15 years. However, recent research has tended to overlook essential concepts around the nature of stemborer rice interactions that were developed between the 1960s and early 1990s. This lack of adequate attention to issues such as tolerance, compensation, and vulnerability is apparent from the limited range of bioassays and recorded parameters currently applied during research. Furthermore, aspects of intraspecific interactions between stemborers and between rice plants, and crop-mediated interspecific interactions between stemborers as determinants of crop damage have been almost entirely omitted from recent research. This review categorizes rice-stemborer interactions to help tease apart some of the factors that contribute to differential stemborer damage and yield losses. Furthermore, based on emerging knowledge of the relationship between damage and yield losses as rice plants grow and develop, the review highlights the need for considerably more attention to aspects of plant and crop tolerance, including a need to adequately develop phenotyping methods that assess genotypic differences in the plant’s capacity to compensate for damage. Since stemborers normally occur at low densities in well-managed rice landscapes, such attention to compensation for damage will potentially increase economic thresholds and, thereby, avoid pesticide applications.
Tales of the unexpected: Teacher’s experiences of working with children and dogs in schools
Authors: Lewis Helen , Godfrey Janet Oostendorp , Knight Cathryn 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Globally, there are a growing number of dogs in schools. Research suggests that there are potential benefits of interactions between children and dogs in educational contexts, for example in terms of social–emotional, cognitive and physical development. However, there is a lack of research examining the potential challenges and limitations of involving a dog in school, particularly regarding the well-being of the dogs themselves. The present study investigated the experiences and perceptions of 453 educators around the world who have implemented a school dog program. The study found great variety in terms of the activities school dogs engage in. Despite respondents having positive perceptions of the benefits school dogs bring, many reported unexpected incidents from toileting and barking to more significant incidents such as growling and biting. This article highlights the relatively under explored tension between the practical, hands-on reality of including a sentient dog in the classroom, versus the ideas and expectations that teachers have about school dogs.
Transient current distribution among elements in metallized film capacitor for converter valves
Authors: Yi Chengqian , Zhang Bo , Li Chaoran , He Jinliang , Li Qi , Huang Kui , Jia Hua , Wu Yunyi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The metalized film capacitors (MFC) in converter valves are subjected to high-frequency currents under the action of power electronic switching, which will cause large differences in currents among capacitor elements inside MFC and seriously affect the stability of MFC. In this paper, experiments were conducted to measure the current waveforms among 90 elements under impulse, short-circuit discharge and sine waves at different frequencies. The equivalent circuit topology was simplified by using decoupling and controlled source equivalence, and parameters were extracted by electromagnetic calculations combined with experiments. Finally, an equivalent circuit model was established and the current distribution among elements was calculated. Influenced by the reactance of the parasitic inductor and the capacitor element, the frequency range can be divided into 3 regions based on the current distribution characteristics: in the high frequency range (>100 kHz), the current is mainly concentrated on several capacitor elements near the connection terminals. In the middle frequency range (about 10 kHz–100 kHz), the current oscillates between elements and the inductor, resulting in a wavy distribution of current amplitude, strongly influenced by frequency. In the low frequency range (<10 kHz), the current distribution varies very little among 90 elements. These results can support the study of performance evolution, fault analysis and design optimization in MFC.
Investigation into the mechanism of surface atom emission from an individual cathode spot using molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Yang Haonan , Shen Shuhang , Xu Ruoyu , Zhou Mingyu , Wang Zhongdong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Contact erosion on the cathode of a vacuum arc is determined by the behaviours of the cathode spots, where the plasma–surface interactions take place. A comprehensive model of a single cathode spot is developed in this work based on the molecular dynamics method, where an atomic copper substrate in the size of nanometres is built and the contributions to the development of cathode spot from leftover plasma ions, surface electron emission, surface atom emission, back ions, Nottingham heating and Joule heating are integrated. Defined based on the surface temperature distribution, a cathode spot is observed in the simulation results. The surface atom emission, which is the origin of mass loss, can be directly detected by the atoms being isolated from the surface. Two routes of surface atom emission are observed as the sources of mass loss, including evaporation, and atom sputtering or splashing. It is found that in the high-temperature region, atom sputtering or splashing dominates the surface atom emission, which leads to considerable mass losses. The simulation results are consistent with previous experimental and other simulation findings, providing fundamental insights into the cathode spot formation mechanism from a microscopic perspective.
High-temperature magnetically topological candidate material Mn3Bi2Te6
Authors: Wu Wen-Feng , Huang Xiao-Teng , Wang Han-Yu , Wang Wei-Hua , Liu Da-Yong , Yu Xiang-Long , Zeng Zhi , Zou Liang-Jian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Mn–Bi–Te family displaying magnetism and non-trivial topological properties has received extensive attention. Here, we predict that the antiferromagnetic structure of Mn3Bi2Te6 with three MnTe layers is energetically stable and the magnetic energy difference of Mn–Mn is enhanced four times compared with that in the single MnTe layer of MnBi2Te4. The predicted Néel transition point is raised to 102.5 K, surpassing the temperature of liquid nitrogen. The topological properties show that with the variation of the MnTe layer from a single layer to three layers, the system transforms from a non-trivial topological phase to a trivial topological phase. Interestingly, the ferromagnetic state of Mn3Bi2Te6 is a topological semimetal and it exhibits a topological transition from trivial to non-trivial induced by the magnetic transition. Our results enrich the Mn–Bi–Te family system, offer a new platform for studying topological phase transitions, and pave a new way to improve the working temperature of magnetically topological devices.
Enhancement of NbO2-based oscillator neuron device performance via cryogenic operation
Authors: Kwon Ohhyuk , Heo Seongjae , Kim Dongmin , Kim Jiho , Hwang Hyunsang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Niobium Dioxide (NbO2) oscillator neuron has garnered significant interest because of its simple structure compared to conventional CMOS-based circuits. However, the limited on/off resistance ratio narrows the range of series resistances that satisfy the self-oscillation conditions and limits its use in large-scale synaptic arrays. In this study, we report the possibility of improving the performance of NbO2-based oscillator neuron devices through cryogenic operation. The study emphasizes two crucial parameters: the on/off resistance ratio and the oscillation amplitude, both of which are essential for accurate weighted sum classification. The data suggest that these parameters can be effectively enhanced under cryogenic conditions. In addition, we revealed that 120 K is the optimal temperature for cryogenic operation, as it represents the temperature where the on/off resistance ratio ceases to increase. As a result, we revealed that the series resistance range satisfying the self-oscillation condition in a single oscillator increases from 20 to 126 kΩ. The research also probes the maximum possible array size at each temperature. At 300 K, representation is only possible for a 5 × 5 array, but at 120 K, a 30 × 30 array can be represented as a frequency. The evidence implies that the 120 K conditions not only broaden the range of series resistors that can be connected to a single oscillator but also increases the array size, thereby representing different weighted sum currents as frequencies. The research indicates that using carefully optimized cryogenic operation could be a viable method to enhance the necessary NbO2 properties for an oscillator neuron device.
Effect of transverse compressive stress applied at room temperature on Nb3Sn Rutherford cables
Authors: Lenoir Gilles , Puthran Kirtana , Barth Christian , Fleiter Jérôme , Ballarino Amalia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The accelerator magnets for the high luminosity upgrade of the large Hadron collider use Nb3Sn conductor to achieve the required in-field performance. To sustain the Lorentz forces during operation, a pre-compression is applied to the coils during the fabrication of the magnet. This can lead to an irreversible degradation of the Nb3Sn conductor due to its mechanical sensitivity. In this study, the impact of the pre-compression applied to the conductor at room temperature is investigated using a reacted double-stack specimen made of two Nb3Sn Rutherford cables. The cables have a keystone angle and are stack with a non-inverted configuration, without compensating the angle. The rectangular specimen is submitted to increasing transverse compressive stresses at room temperature applied perpendicularly to its width. The non-inverted configuration and the rectangular shape of the total specimen can thus lead to stress concentration. The pressure applied covers the range from 130 MPa to 190 MPa with a 10 MPa step increase. After each cumulated stress level, transport current measurements are performed in liquid helium and in background fields of up to 9.6 T in the FReSCa test station at CERN Metallographic analyses of several samples are made at selected stress levels. Monotonic and cumulated stresses are applied and the impact of mechanical cycling is analyzed. Procedures are specifically developed to minimize surface damage during samples’ preparation. The observations are compared with the electrical measurements in order to correlate the irreversible effect of the transverse pressure with the A15 damage state in the cross section. The transport current measurements of the double-stack specimen show degradation of critical current and n-value starting at respectively 170 MPa and 160 MPa cumulated loadings. However, cracks in the A15 phase are already observed in a metallographic sample subjected to 140 MPa.
Hydrological responses to the synergistic climate and land-use changes in the upper Lancang river basin
Authors: Xie Mingyue , Li Yu , Cai Ximing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Climate change trends in the upper Lancang river basin (LRB), a high-mountain area, are prominent on a global scale, and climate-induced land use change with increasing cropland and migration has been observed in the past decades and is expected to expand in the future. We assessed land use and sediment yield from the basin in the past and future under the synergistic impact of projected climate change and associated land use change. We found that the transition from grassland and forest to cropland under climatic change favorable to agriculture can be the topmost contributor to the sediment yield increase from the upper LRB, with an increaisng rate of 40.6% from the entire area and as high as 118% in some sub-areas. As the baisn serves as the source area of the Lancang-Mekong River Basin (LMRB), we call for coordinated management throughout the entire LMRB, given the complex sediment dynamics crossing scales, affected by both climate change and socioeconomic development in trans-boundary basin.
On auxiliary fields and Lagrangians for relativistic wave equations
Authors: Sharapov Alexey , Shcherbatov David 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We address the problem of the existence of a Lagrangian for a given system of linear partial differential equation with constant coefficients. As a subtask, this involves bringing the system into a pre-Lagrangian form, wherein the number of equations matches the number of unknowns. We introduce a class of overdetermined systems, called co-flat, and show that they always admit a pre-Lagrangian form, which can be explicitly constructed by means of auxiliary variables. Moreover, we argue that such systems enjoy pre-Lagrangian formulations without auxiliary variables at all. As an application of our method, we construct new pre-Lagrangian and Lagrangian formulations for free massive fields of arbitrary integer spin. In contrast to the well-known models of Singh and Hagen, our Lagrangians involve much fewer auxiliary fields.
Trends in occupational and work-related contact dermatitis attributed to nickel, chromium and cobalt in the UK: findings from The Health and Occupation Research network 1996–2019
Authors: Iskandar Ireny Y K , Gawkrodger David J , Gittins Matthew , Byrne Laura , Carder Melanie , van Tongeren Martie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Occupational exposure to metals such as nickel, chromium and cobalt can be associated with contact dermatitis, which can adversely affect an individual’s health, finances and employment. Despite this, little is known about the incidence of metal-related occupational contact dermatitis over prolonged periods of time.

Objectives
To investigate the medically reported trends in the incidence of work-related contact dermatitis attributed to nickel, chromium and cobalt in the UK.

Methods
Incidence and trends in cases of occupational contact dermatitis caused by nickel, chromium or cobalt between 1996 and 2019 (inclusive), reported to the EPIDERM surveillance scheme, were investigated and compared with trends in the incidence of occupational contact dermatitis attributed to agents other than the aforementioned metals. A sensitivity analysis restricting the study cohort to cases attributed to only one type of metal was also conducted.

Results
Of all cases reported to EPIDERM during the study period, 2374 (12%) were attributed to nickel, chromium or cobalt. Cases predominantly comprised females (59%), with a mean (SD) age (males and females) of 38 (13) years. Cases were most frequently reported in manufacturing, construction, and human health and social activity industries. The most frequently reported occupations were hairdressing, and sales and retail (assistants, cashiers and checkout operators). The highest annual incidence rate of contact dermatitis was observed in females (2.60 per 100 000 persons employed per year), with the first and second peak seen in those aged 16–24 and ≥ 65 years, respectively. A statistically significant decrease in the incidence of occupational contact dermatitis attributed to metals over the study period was observed for all occupations (annual average change –6.9%, 95% confidence interval –7.8 to –5.9), with much of the decrease occurring between 1996 and 2007. Similar findings were obtained in the sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
Over a period of 24 years, there has been a statistically significant decline in the incidence of metal-related occupational contact dermatitis in the UK. This could be attributed not only to improvements in working conditions, which have reduced metal exposure, but could also be due to the closure of industries in the UK that might have generated cases of contact dermatitis owing to metal exposure.
Correlation between second and first primary cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of 9 million cancer patients
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Zeng Meiyuan , Ju Xueming , Lin Anqi , Zhou Chaozheng , Shen Junyi , Liu Zaoqu , Tang Bufu , Cheng Quan , Wang Youyu , Zhang Jian , Luo Peng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Many survivors of a first primary cancer (FPCs) are at risk of developing a second primary cancer (SPC), with effects on patient prognosis. Primary cancers have different frequencies of specific SPC development and the development of SPCs may be closely related to the FPC. The aim of this study was to explore possible correlations between SPCs and FPCs.

Methods
Relevant literature on SPCs was retrospectively searched and screened from four databases, namely, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PMC. Data on the number of patients with SPC in 28 different organ sites were also collected from The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 8 Registry and NHANES database.

Results
A total of 9 617 643 patients with an FPC and 677 430 patients with an SPC were included in the meta-analysis. Patients with a first primary gynaecological cancer and thyroid cancer frequently developed a second primary breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Moreover, those with a first primary head and neck cancer, anal cancer and oesophageal cancer developed a second primary lung cancer more frequently. A second primary lung cancer and prostate cancer was also common among patients with first primary bladder cancer and penile cancer. Patients with second primary bladder cancer accounted for 56% of first primary ureteral cancer patients with SPCs.

Conclusions
This study recommends close clinical follow-up, monitoring and appropriate interventions in patients with relevant FPCs for better screening and early diagnosis of SPCs.
Multivariate and regional age-related change in basal ganglia iron in neonates
Authors: Cabral Laura , Calabro Finnegan J , Foran Will , Parr Ashley C , Ojha Amar , Rasmussen Jerod , Ceschin Rafael , Panigrahy Ashok , Luna Beatriz 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the perinatal period, reward and cognitive systems begin trajectories, influencing later psychiatric risk. The basal ganglia is important for reward and cognitive processing but early development has not been fully characterized. To assess age-related development, we used a measure of basal ganglia physiology, specifically brain tissue iron, obtained from nT2* signal in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI), associated with dopaminergic processing. We used data from the Developing Human Connectome Project (n = 464) to assess how moving from the prenatal to the postnatal environment affects rsfMRI nT2*, modeling gestational and postnatal age separately for basal ganglia subregions in linear models. We did not find associations with tissue iron and gestational age [range: 24.29–42.29] but found positive associations with postnatal age [range:0–17.14] in the pallidum and putamen, but not the caudate. We tested if there was an interaction between preterm birth and postnatal age, finding early preterm infants (GA &lt; 35 wk) had higher iron levels and changed less over time. To assess multivariate change, we used support vector regression to predict age from voxel-wise-nT2* maps. We could predict postnatal but not gestational age when maps were residualized for the other age term. This provides evidence subregions differentially change with postnatal experience and preterm birth may disrupt trajectories.