bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Irony of Liberty: Origins of the Domestic Slave Trade
Authors: Deyle Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1798, a Delaware Quaker, Warner Mifflin, wrote a letter to President John Adams. The recent yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia had caused Mifflin to ponder the reason for this disaster. After traveling from the Eastern Shore of Virginia to his home in Delaware, Mifflin believed that he had found the explanation for God’s wrath. While passing through Maryland, he was struck by “the abominable Trade carried on through that part of the Country, by Negroe-Drovers, buying Drove after Drove of the poor afflicted Blacks, like droves of Cattel for Market; carrying them into the Southern States for Speculation; regardless of the separation of nearest Connections & natural ties:’ Not only did Mifflin believe that the yellow fever epidemic was God’s punishment of the country for engaging in this trade in human slaves, but he also feared that “if the Practice continued, [it] was likely to produce punishment on the Government, Rulers, and those in Authority, who did not exert themselves for the suppression of this cruel Practice.
Outside Looking In: The Domestic Slave Trade and the Abolitionist Attack on Slavery
Authors: Deyle Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first issue of the Liberator is justly famous for William Lloyd Garrison’s bold opening manifesto. Virtually every history textbook quotes some part of the well-known passage: “I will be as harsh as truth, AND I WILL BE HEARD.” But little mention is ever made about the two articles that appeared alongside it on the front page of that famous publication. In “District of Columbia,” Garrison described how in the nation’s capital, “the worst features of slavery are exhibited; and as a mart for slave-traders, it is unequalled.” Also included was a petition to Congress asking for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia and “for the preventing of bringing slaves into that District for purposes of traffic.” If that article left anyone “unmoved;’ the next piece was intended to startle the reader out of apathy, “unless he be morally dead-dead-dead.
Epidemiology of Psychiatric Conditions in Nursing Homes
Authors: Gruber-Baldini Ann L , Day, Hannah , Magaziner Jay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the increasing age of the U.S. population, especially among those aged 85 and above, there will be greater numbers of older persons with psychiatric conditions and persons requiring long-term care in the future (American Geriatrics Society & American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2003a, 2003b; Decker, 2005; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services under the direction of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration et al., 2001). It is estimated that 4% to 5% of persons 65 years and older reside in a nursing home (Sirrocco, 1994; U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1993a) and that as many as 50% of older adults will enter a nursing home at some point in their lives (Cohen et al., 1986; Murtaugh et al., 1990). Also, the increasing prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia (ADRD) with older age (Gallo & Lebowitz, 1999; Graham et al., 1997) will lead to more persons with ADRD and related behavioral symptoms in both community and long-term-care settings. In general, the prevalence of ADRD, depression, and other psychiatric conditions are higher in nursing home residents than in community-dwelling elderly; this may be due to the increased need for care among persons with psychiatric conditions, especially ADRD (Hybels & Blazer, 2003).
Dementia in Nursing Home Patients: Assessment and Management
Authors: Hemrungrojn Solasinee , Cummings Jeffrey L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Currently 4 million Americans suffer from dementia. Without effective treatment, the number of patients with dementia, primarily Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is estimated to reach 13.2 million by 2050 (Hebert et al., 2003). Most patients with dementia are eventually admitted to nursing homes, and patients with dementia comprise a large segment of the nursing home population. Dementia afLicts 50% of the residents in nursing homes in the United States (Delacourte et al., 1999). In a Swedish study, Fratiglioni and colleagues found that 77% of patients with moderate to severe dementia were inpatient residents in nursing homes. Similarly, many survey studies report that the number of severely demented patients is high in institutions of long-term care (Fratiglioni, 1996). Mayeux (1994) and colleagues noted that the proportion of severely demented patients living in nursing homes in the state of New York was 65%. It is estimated that in the year 2020 there will be more than 3 million severely demented patients requiring long-term care (Teresi et al., 1994). The cost for dementia care in nursing homes is a major national health care expenditure. The estimated annual nursing cost for dementia in 1986 was $22,458.00 per patient per year, rising to $42,230.00 in 1997 (O’Brien & Caro, 2001).
Mood Disorders
Authors: Bharucha Ashok J , Borson Soo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mood disorders are psychiatric syndromes de1ned by prominent changes in emotional tone. To recognize disordered mood states and to separate them from normal and expected responses to life events, sustained changes in social behavior—interest, attitudes, energy, thinking, judgment, and patterns of eating and sleeping—must accompany the change in mood. The identi1cation of mood disorders is a clinical task based on familiarity with standards of diagnosis and skilled observation and interaction with patients. Certi1ed nurses’ aides (CNAs) in long-term care settings, who provide the vast majority of direct care to residents, can be trained in the observational skills needed to report concerns about possible mood disorders in patients, but a full diagnostic assessment requires specialized interviewing skills and knowledge of the patient’s history and medical status. Uncomplicated mood disorders can be evaluated by general psychiatrists, primary care physicians, psychologists, nurses, and social workers experienced in differential diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in the elderly; more complex presentations are in the domain of the geriatric psychiatrist. In this chapter, we review the clinical features, diagnosis, prevalence, etiology, and management of manic and depressed elderly residents encountered in long-term care settings, encompassing the broad range of residential/assisted living facilities and nursing homes.
Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Walaszek Art , Howell Timothy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Not unlike depression, anxiety may be protean in its many manifestations, varying from mild, Leeting apprehension to immobilizing panic. It may be that the very familiarity with this “all-too-human” emotion sometimes interferes with understanding how anxiety affects patients in long-term care (LTC) settings, thus hindering accurate assessment and treatment. Through misplaced empathy, for example, care providers may place themselves in the shoes of LTC residents in an effort to appreciate their experience of an anxiety-provoking situation. But if they forget to “age themselves” in the process, and adopt the residents’ perspectives and values, they may miss the mark. The prospect of arthroplasty may seem much less anxiety-provoking to a younger health professional, for example, than an octogenarian.
Family Interventions
Authors: Hyer Lee , Shah, Shailaja , Sacks Amanda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Annually within the United States, almost 2 million adults are admitted to one of 16,800 NHs (Hyer & Intrieri, 2006). The recent growth of assisted-living facilities, now estimated at over 36,000 facilities serving about 1 million residents (see Hyer & Intrieri, 2006) complements these nursing homes (NHs) within the spectrum of long-term-care (LTC) facilities. The decision to relocate to an LTC facility, such as an NH or assisted-living facility (ALF), is a major transition point in an older adult’s life and the family.
Environmental and Milieu Interventions
Authors: Cohen-Mans2eld Jiska , Laje Rene P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The majority of nursing home residents suffer from dementia (Rovner et al., 1990). The cognitive decline that occurs with the natural course of dementia is always associated with memory problems, and at times with other dif1culties including depressed affect or apathy, and often involves the emergence of disturbed affect or behaviors that are bothersome to others or indicative of the resident’s discomfort. These dementia-related symptoms and behaviors were, for many years, either ignored or treated with physical restraints or psychotropic medication. In the past 2 decades, new research has advanced the understanding of affect, function, and behavior in dementia so that many problems can be treated, and often prevented, through modi1cation of the social and physical environment. These interventions thus help to enhance the quality of life for people with dementia and give relief to staff and families. In this chapter, we will review the rationale for such interventions and the evidence for their use. We use the terms “environmental and milieu interventions” in their wide de1nition to include both the physical environment as well as the social environment, including the way staff members treat residents and the tools they use to improve care.
Prologue
Authors: Godbeer Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was early one evening in June 1692 and dusk was falling over Stamford, Connecticut, a compact little town of some five hundred souls perched on the northern shore of the Long Island Sound. A young man named Ebenezer Bishop was strolling homeward through the town, hungry for his supper after helping one of his neighbors mend a broken fence. Mary Newman, a woman in her early thirties whom Ebenezer had known since childhood, was heading in the opposite direction. They greeted each other cordially as their paths crossed and Ebenezer continued on his way. But a few seconds later he came to an abrupt halt in front of Mister Wescot’s house as a young woman’s scream erupted from inside—a piercing, blood-chilling scream followed by a prolonged wail of pain and fright.
“By the Law of God and the Law of the Colony Thou Deservest to Die”
Authors: Godbeer Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As magistrate Jonathan Selleck pondered the chilling scenes that he had witnessed over the past few weeks, he became increasingly worried about the dangers facing Stamford. Mister Selleck had spent his entire adult life in the town and was regarded as one of its foremost residents. Though born in Boston, he and his younger brother John had moved to Connecticut in 1660. Jonathan was twenty at the time, John seventeen. The two brothers became partners in trade, following in the footsteps of their father, a merchant who had traveled down to Barbados regularly until his death in 1654. Jonathan was the more sedentary of the two; it was John who ferried their cargo back and forth, spending weeks and sometimes months away at sea. The town, realizing that it stood to benefit from the Selleck brothers’ commercial ventures, had granted them land for a warehouse.
“Persisting in a Non-Agreement”
Authors: Godbeer Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On the morning of Thursday, 14 September 1692, William Jones joined the other magistrates appointed to the special court at the meetinghouse in Fairfield to begin the long-awaited trial of Elizabeth Clawson and Mercy Disborough. Witnesses against the accused had traveled from Stamford and Compo to appear before the court—at stake was the well-being, perhaps even survival, of those who believed they had been bewitched. But friends as well as enemies of the witch suspects crowded into the meetinghouse—the lives of the accused also hung in the balance.
Intervention with Families
Authors: Alexander Shirley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Intervention is an act that modifies the behavior of an individual or a family system. In child protection services, intervention strategies are not meant to create an ideal family. Rather, the overall goal of intervention is to change the conditions or behaviors causing risk to the child(ren) so the child(ren) is (are) protected from future maltreatment. Intervention can begin with the initial contact of the CPS worker and continue through a series of carefully planned steps that help family members identify and make important changes to safely care for their child(ren). Meaningful intervention can take place through the informal process of the CPS worker making effective use of self-engaging families through a professional relationship while providing guidance, support, and encouragement toward positive change. Intervention should be the focus of all casework activities, including assessment, service/case planning, monitoring, and evaluating outcomes. You are the professional—who facilitates change through continual assessment, case management activities, and referrals to services.
“Forever free”
Authors: Pinsker Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Anticipation In Washington Over Impending Battles Finally Ended In Late August 1862. General John Pope’s Army of Virginia engaged General Robert E. Lee’s Confederate forces at the Second Battle of Bull Run on August 29, 1862. The results were devastating for the Federal side, which suffered over 16,000 casualties and yet another terrible blow to public morale. Instead of the victory that Secretary of State Seward had predicted would pave the way for emancipation, there was now the real possibility that Washington would be surrounded and overrun. McClellan, who had been reassigned to support Pope, at one point prepared to demolish the Chain Bridge, a leading point of entry into the city, in order to prevent what he thought was an imminent invasion by Confederate forces. He wrote his wife in the midst of the battle, “I am heartsick with the folly and ignorance I see around me.” To his superiors, he was equally blunt, suggesting in a telegram to the president that the only policy left for the Union command was to defend the capital and “leave Pope to get out of his scrape.” A number of participants, including the president, subsequently questioned McClellan’s loyalty, even his stability, in the face of this latest crisis.
“Capt. D and his company”
Authors: Pinsker Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
White House Aide John Hay Was Approaching His Twenty-Fourth Birthday in late September 1862, but he had already figured out one of the keys to gaining influence in Washington. He had learned to stay near the president. Riding along on the commute from White House to Soldiers’ Home had quietly become one of Hay’s more useful daily chores. He found that on the dusty thirty-minute journey, the president could sometimes prove quite expansive and candid. The aide surreptitiously recorded several of their most revealing conversations in his wartime journal.
“Mother very slightly hurt”
Authors: Pinsker Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In June 1863, The Lincoln Family, With The Exception Of Robert, Returned together to take up residence at the Soldiers’ Home. Commissioner of Public Buildings Benjamin French recalled that he witnessed a revealing standoff just prior to the family’s scheduled departure. As the Lincolns were stepping into a carriage that was supposed to take them out to the country for the season, Tad Lincoln suddenly threw a small fit. “I have not got my cat,” he screamed. With great patience, according to French, the president reentered the Executive Mansion and after several minutes returned holding the boy’s favorite pet in his arms. The president’s tenderness toward his son was not unusual but seems especially memorable since it came during a period of tense concern in the capital. Robert E. Lee and his Army of Northern Virginia had crossed the Potomac and were headed toward some unknown destination in the North. “General excitement has marked the time,” Benjamin French noted in his diary on June 22, the actual day of the Lincoln family departure. “The Rebels have been raiding into Maryland and Pa.[,] and there is some prospect of an attempt on Washington.”2 Consequently, the family traveled with full military guard accompanying them, making quite a spectacle in their procession.
Creators
Authors: Milees Steven H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The opening passage of the Oath deftly combines the convention of swearing by a god with proclaiming the physician’s lineage. This lineage starts with Apollo, proceeds to his son Asclepius, and includes Asclepius’s divine daughters Panacea and Hygieia. Asclepius’s human sons were heroic physicians themselves, and legend names one as an ancestor of Hippocrates. In the next chapter, we shall see how the Oath has each physician become part of this lineage. A person who claimed such a noble lineage was destined to play an important role in society and merited a respectful hearing.
Learners
Authors: Miles Steven H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the Oath’s opening passages, the new physician looks back to the mythic origins of medicine, enters the lineage of physicians, and assumes filial obligations to his teachers. This passage looks to its future and to the duty to transmit medical knowledge to colleagues and students of medicine. These words is notable both for the expansive definition of who should be given medical knowledge and for the extent of the information that each physician swears to share.
The physician vows to recognize the heirs of medical knowledge as including “my sons,” and “the sons of him who has taught me” (a category that includes the sons of persons who were taught medicine though they did not come from a medical family), and “pupils who have sworn by a medical convention.”
The dialectics of poetic tradition
Authors: Bloom Harold 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Emerson chose three mottos for his most influential essay, “Self-Reliance.” The first, from the Satires of Persius: “Do not seek yourself outside yourself.” The second, from Beaumont and Fletcher:
Man is his own star; and the soul that can
Render an honest and a perfect man,
Commands all light, all influence, all fate;
Nothing to him falls early or too late. . . .
Ththeird, one of Emerson ‘s own gnomic verses, is prophetic of much contemporary shamanism:
Cast the bantling on the rocks,
Suckle him with the she-wolf ‘s teat,
Wintered with the hawk and fox,
Power and speed be hands and feet.
Integrating Program Evaluation And Organization Development
Authors: Mcclintock Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The fields of program evaluation and organization development (OD) have existed on parallel paths for the past 50 years or so, with relatively little contact. OD evolved mainly in the corporate sector as a means of improving organizations through humanizing systems of work Program evaluation emerged largely from the public sector, with an emphasis on accountability and performance (Campbell, McClintock, 2002). Each profession faces a comparable challenge of integrating key skills, practices, and values from the other. Program evaluation has empirical methods as its core competency. Although the field’s commitment is to provide data about program performance, it has evolved to include the utilization of evaluation results for program improvement. The OD field rests on skills for group, organization, and system change. Humanistic and inquiry values lie at the core of these efforts, but they are increasingly expected to empirically document the outcomes of change interventions.
Qualitative Research: Cancer Prevention in Older Women
Authors: Hurdle Donna E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a long history of health promotion and prevention activities in the field of social work; however, the focus of social work practice, research, and professional literature in recent decades has been on treatment and rehabilitation. Although current social work practice textbooks describe prevention of psychosocial problems and promotion of adaptive functioning as one of the missions of social work, in actuality these activities have been very limited (Hepworth, Rooney,, Larsen, 2001). There is a strong need for increased social work activity in the area of health promotion as an emerging area of practice, particularly in the current managed care environment (Strom-Gottfried, 1997). There is also a foundation of social work literature in primary prevention that can guide these efforts.
How Family Members Of The Mentally Ill View Mental Health Professionals: A Focused Ethnography
Authors: Johnson Eric D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the advent of deinstitutionalization over four decades ago, families with a seriously mentally ill member have been asked to take on increasing responsibilities for caregiving, as the primary locus of care shifted from the hospital to the community, and then professional community resources were faced with increasingly limited funds to do the job (Aviram, 1990; Bachrach, Talbott,, Meyerson, 1987). It has been estimated that approximately 40% of patients discharged from psychiatric units return to live with family members, and another 30% to 40% are in regular (e.g., weekly) contact with family members (Manderscheid, Sonnenschein, 1997).
Death On A Daily Basis: Integrating Research and Practice in Support Groups for ICU Nurses in Southern Brazil
Authors: Gomes William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As noted in the keynote address at a recent Brazilian Psychological Society Convention (Gomes, 2003), psychological research in Brazil has followed a somewhat different path than psychological research in the United States. Until the last few decades, clinical psychologists in Brazil were trained in medical schools, generally byphysicians, and Freudian psychoanalysis was the common mode of both research and practice for psychologists in Brazil. At the same time, developments in educational psychology were strongly influenced by the French tradition. In fact, the first psychology lab in Brazil was founded by Alfred Binet.
Effects of restorative justice on fear of Revictimization: A Meta-Analysis Using Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models
Authors: Williams-Hayes Mona M , Nugent William R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Social scientists have begun to systematically organize and analyze data for major social concerns. It is vital that this type of comprehensive integration be employed and referred to in order to move a field of study and practice forward. Meta-analyses have been used to evaluate such issues as effective juvenile justice interventions and outcomes for children sexually abused (Lipsey, 1995; Rind, Bauserman,, Tromovich, 1998, respectively). Professionals should make informed decisions about the types of intervention to apply in practice by understanding what the entire body of research seems to suggest. Meta-analyses can use findings presented at conferences, in program evaluations, or in peer-reviewed journals. Whether or not research findings are published is relevant but not problematic because all the findings can be analyzed to determine if the variation across “studies” is systematic or random. If the variation in findings across studies is systematic, the factors related to the variation can be tested to see whether they account for any or all of the variation. An example of a factor that may explain some of the systematic variation is the methodological quality of a study. More familiar moderating variables, such as respondent age or gender, can also be predicted.