bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of two different calcium hydroxide combinations on root dentine microhardness
Authors: Yoldaş O. , Doǧan C. , Seydaoǧlu G. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAim  To evaluate the effect of a calcium hydroxide and glycerine mix and a calcium hydroxide and water mix on the microhardness of human root dentine.Methodology  Eleven freshly extracted maxillary canine and central incisor teeth were used. The teeth were sectioned transversally to produce a total of 22 dentine discs from the middle‐third of the root. The specimens were divided into two groups of 11 discs each. Dentine samples were treated with either a Ca(OH)2–glycerine combination or a Ca(OH)2–distilled water combination for 1, 3 and 7 days. Dentine microhardness was measured with a Knoop indenter with a load of 100 g for 15 s before and during the experimental period. Each root disc received a series of three indentations around the pulp space, 1 mm from canal wall.Results  Statistical analysis showed that both combinations significantly decreased dentine microhardness after 3 and 7 days (P < 0.01). The reduction in dentine microhardness following the use of a Ca(OH)2–glycerine combination was significantly greater than that after a Ca(OH)2–distilled water combination after 3 and 7 days (P < 0.01).Conclusion  The use of Ca(OH)2 combinations for intracanal dressing softens dentine.
Genetic evidence for the requirement of the Brassica S‐locus receptor kinase gene in the self‐incompatibility response
Authors: Nasrallah June B. , Rundle Sabine J. , Nasrallah Mikhail E. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryIn self‐incompatible plants, the recognition and subsequent rejection of self‐related pollen by the stigma during pollination are genetically controlled by haplo‐types of the S‐locus complex. We identified two self‐compatible Brassica strains that carried nonfunctional S haplotypes and that did not express transcripts of SRK, an S‐locus gene that encodes a receptor‐like protein kinase. In one of these strains, a deletion generated a null allele of the SRK structural gene. This deleted haplotype exhibited typical interactions when combined with other normal haplotypes in heterozygotes indicating that other functions of the haplotype were retained. The data support a mechanism of self‐incompatibility in which activation of the SRK kinase triggers the signalling cascade that culminates in the arrest of incompatible pollen development.
Transcripts encoding an oleosin and a dormancy‐related protein are present in both the aleurone layer and the embryo of developing barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds
Authors: Aalenf Reidunn B. , Opsahl‐Ferstad Hilde‐Gunn , Linnestad Casper , Olsen Odd‐Arne 
Published: November 2004

SummaryIn cereal seeds, the aleurone layer and the embryo share several characteristics, including synthesis and accumulation of lipid bodies, desiccation tolerance and dormancy. A number of Balem transcripts present in both the barley aleurone layer and the embryo have been cloned by differential screening of a cDNA library from aleurone layers of immature barley grains. The Balem clones constitute two subgroups, one for which the transcripts are detectable in aleurone layers and embryos of developing seeds only (B23D and B15C), and another for which transcripts are present also in germinating embryos and in maternal tissues (B12D, B14E and B31E). Sequence analysis identified B23D and B15C as the barley homologues of the 18 kDa oleosin of maize embryos (72% amino acid identity) and the dormancy‐associated transcript pBS128 from Bromus secalinus (95% identity), respectively. In situ hybridization experiments demonstrate that in the embryo, the B23D transcript is mainly present in the scutellum, whereas the B15C transcript is predominantly present in shoot and root apices. Using anther‐derived embryos and embryogenic cell suspensions, it is demonstrated that the B23D and B15C transcripts can be used as molecular markers for somatic embryogenesis. The functions of the transcripts in the second Balem subgroup remain unknown. Further studies on the Balem transcripts may shed light on the molecular basis for the extensive similarities between the embryo and the aleurone layer of the endosperm in the grass family.
Identification of nitrate transporter genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Quesada Alberto , Galvan Aurora , Fernandez Emilio 
Published: November 2004

SummaryThe Chlamydomonas reinhardtii nar‐2, nar‐3, and nar‐4 genes, which are within a nitrate‐regulated gene cluster containing the nitrate reductase structural gene nit‐1, have been related to nitrate transport. Mutant strains defective in nitrate transport and having an active nitrate reductase have been genetically constructed. Their nitrate non‐utilizing phenotype has been directly complemented by transformation using the pCO‐5 plasmid which carries the nar‐2, nar‐3, and nar‐4 clustered genes. Integration of pCO‐5 DNA in the genome of nitrate transport mutants resulted in the expression of these nar transcripts and the recovery of a high affinity nitrate transport activity. Complementation of the nitrate non‐utilizing phenotype of the constructed strains was also achieved by co‐transformation with plasmids containing nar‐2 and nar‐3 genes or nar‐2 and nar‐4, but not with single plasmids containing each individual gene. In addition, DNA sequences of a practically complete cDNA of nar‐3 and a partial one of nar‐4 have been generated and the deduced amino acid sequences showed a very significant identity with that of the nitrate transporter gene (crnA) from Aspergillus nidulans. These data strongly support the hypothesis that the nitrate transport system in C. reinhardtii contains at least two protein components encoded by the nar‐2 and nar‐3 genes. The nar‐4 gene would produce a protein with a high identity to that of nar‐3.
A karyotype of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome derived from synaptonemal complex analysis at prophase I of meiosis
Authors: Albini S.M. 
Published: November 2004

SummarySynaptonemal complex (SC) complements prepared for electron microscopy allow high‐resolution chromosome analysis. SC preparations were used to determine the relative lengths of the chromosomes of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. This complements the extensive genetic and molecular analyses of these chromosomes. The two smallest SCs (chromosomes) carry a nucleolus‐organizing region (NOR) at or near one end, and at prophase I of meiosis both have a relative SC length of about 16–17% of the total complement. The three longest SCs have relative lengths of 19, 22.5 and 25% and can be identified on this criterion. Fluorescent in situ hybridization with non‐radioactively labelled ribosomal DNA confirmed that there are two pairs of NOR chromosomes and also showed that the ribosomal genes are localized with the nucleolus. SC formation at NORs is often interrupted and this may reduce recombination in these regions of the genome.
A heat‐shock promoter fusion to the Ac transposase gene drives inducible transposition of a Ds element during Arabidopsis embryo development
Authors: Balcells Lluis , Sundberg Eva , Coupland George 
Published: November 2004

SummaryA heat‐shock promoter fusion to the Ac transposase gene (hs::TPase) was constructed and introduced into Arabidopsis. In five transformants containing the fusion the abundance of transposase mRNA increased approximately 120‐fold on exposure to high temperatures. Hybrid plants containing hs::TPase and a Ds element inserted in a streptomycin resistance gene (Ds::SPT) were made and these plants were self‐fertilized either after heat shocking at different stages in development or without exposure to high temperature. The progeny of these plants were sown on streptomycin‐containing medium and the frequency with which variegated or streptomycin‐resistant (strepR) seedlings occurred was used as an indication of the frequency of Ds excision. Very few of the progeny of plants not exposed to heat shock or of those heat shocked only during vegetative development were variegated or strepR. However, plants that were heat shocked after the appearance of flower buds and during seed development produced high frequencies (approaching 100%) of variegated, but very few strepR, progeny. Furthermore, when variegated seedlings were grown to maturity and self‐fertilized without further exposure to heat shock then strepR seedlings often occurred at high frequency among their progeny. Southern analysis indicated that the majority of these strepR plants contained a transposed Ds at a new location. These data indicate that in response to heat shock Ds excision frequently occurs in embryonic cells which ultimately give rise to the gametes, as well as in cells of the developing cotyledons. The importance of an inducible transposon system for transposon tagging is discussed.
Fatigue properties of arc‐welded lap joints with weld start and end points
Authors: SETO A. , YOSHIDA Y. , GALTIER A. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTFatigue properties of arc‐welded lap joints with weld start and end points were investigated through experiments with 2.3‐mm and 3.2‐mm thick 440 MPa‐class steel sheets. Macroscopic fatigue crack‐initiation sites depended on the length of the weld bead to the specimen width. In joints with shorter weld beads, cracks mainly initiated at the toe of the weld start points, while joints with longer beads had initial cracks at the toe of the bead centre. Crack‐propagation analyses, taking stress distribution around the weld toe and residual stress into account, suggested that residual stress distribution could move crack‐initiation sites from the weld start point to the bead centre, although the applied stress at the toe of the weld start point remains the highest.
Resistance Training in the Early Postoperative Phase Reduces Hospitalization and Leads to Muscle Hypertrophy in Elderly Hip Surgery Patients—A Controlled, Randomized Study
Authors: Suetta Charlotte , Magnusson S. Peter , Rosted Anna , Aagaard Per , Jakobsen Ane K. , Larsen Lone H. , Duus Benn , Kjaer Michael 
Published: November 2004

Objectives: To better understand how immobilization and surgery affect muscle size and function in the elderly and to identify effective training regimes.Design: A prospective randomized, controlled study.Setting: Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.Participants: Thirty‐six patients (aged 60–86) scheduled for unilateral hip replacement due to primary hip osteoarthrosis.Intervention: Patients were randomized to standard home‐based rehabilitation (1 h/d × 12 weeks), unilateral neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the operated side (1 h/d × 12 weeks), or unilateral resistance training of the operated side (3/wk × 12 weeks).Measurements: Hospital length of stay (LOS), quadriceps muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA), isokinetic muscle strength, and functional performance. Patients were tested presurgery and 5 and 12 weeks postsurgeryResults: Mean±standard error LOS was shorter for the resistance training group (10.0±2.4 days, P<.05) than for the standard rehabilitation group (16.0±7.2 days). Resistance training, but not electrical stimulation or standard rehabilitation, resulted in increased CSA (12%, P<.05) and muscle strength (22–28%, P<.05). Functional muscle performance increased after resistance training (30%, P<.001) and electrical stimulation (15%, P<.05) but not after standard rehabilitation.Conclusion: Postoperative resistance training effectively increased maximal muscle strength, muscle mass, and muscle function more than a standard rehabilitation regime. Furthermore, it markedly reduced LOS in elderly postoperative patients.
Home or Nursing Home: Making the Right Choices
Authors: Goldberg Roy J. 
Published: November 2004

Review of: Salamon MJ, Rosenthal G. Home or Nursing Home: Making the Right Choices, Second Ed. New York: Springer Publishing Company Inc., 2004, pp 110.  Purpose: To provide a useful resource for clinicians and the public regarding placement of an individual in long‐term care (LTC).Background: Making the decision to enter a skilled nursing facility or making that choice for a loved one who no longer has the capacity to make that decision for him or herself is fraught with many conflicting feelings. It signifies a loss of independence and begins a new chapter in life: one often incorrectly felt to be the final step before death. For a spouse or next of kin making that decision, guilt often figures heavily into the process, affecting all of those involved. Dr. Salamon is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association and the Gerontological Society of America. He has published extensively and has served on the board of psychologists in LTC. Ms. Rosenthal is an author of four nonfiction books and writes for a variety of national publications. This edition is an update from the first edition published in 1990.Contents: The book contains 110 pages, is divided into nine chapters, and includes a number of case reports. Its brief chapters are all related to the geriatric population and their needs as they relate to LTC placement. Chapter 1 addresses demographic, physiological, and social changes. Life satisfaction as it relates to health care is explored in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 provides an overview of healthcare environments including one and a half pages on assisted living and two and a half pages on skilled nursing homes. Homecare issues, including its effect on family caregivers, are discussed in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 focuses on life satisfaction based on Dr. Salamon's 1987 research. Reactions to LTC placement is addressed in Chapter 6, and Chapter 7 is a quiz designed to be taken by a family member to determine the appropriateness of that person to provide home care. Chapter 8 offers guidelines for selecting a nursing home, and Chapter 9 lists resources and associations.
Symptoms and medical conditions in Australian veterans of the 1991 Gulf War: relation to immunisations and other Gulf War exposures
Authors: Kelsall H L , Sim M R , Forbes A B , Glass D C , McKenzie D P , Ikin J F , Abramson M J , Blizzard L , Ittak P 
Published: November 2004

Aims:To investigate whether Australian Gulf War veterans have a higher than expected prevalence of recent symptoms and medical conditions that were first diagnosed in the period following the 1991 Gulf War; and if so, whether these effects were associated with exposures and experiences that occurred in the Gulf War.Methods:Cross-sectional study of 1456 Australian Gulf War veterans and a comparison group who were in operational units at the time of the Gulf War, but were not deployed to that conflict (n = 1588). A postal questionnaire was administered and the likelihood of the diagnosis of self-reported medical conditions was assessed and rated by a medical practitioner.Results:Gulf War veterans had a higher prevalence of all self-reported health symptoms than the comparison group, and more of the Gulf War veterans had severe symptoms. Increased symptom reporting was associated with several exposures, including having more than 10 immunisations, pyridostigmine bromide tablets, anti-biological warfare tablets, pesticides, insect repellents, reportedly being in a chemical weapons area, and stressful military service experiences in a strong dose-response relation. Gulf War veterans reported psychological (particularly post-traumatic stress disorder), skin, eye, and sinus conditions first diagnosed in 1991 or later more commonly than the comparison group. Over 90% of medical conditions reported by both study groups were rated by a medical practitioner as having a high likelihood of diagnosis.Conclusion:More than 10 years after the 1991 Gulf War, Australian veterans self-report all symptoms and some medical conditions more commonly than the comparison group. Further analysis of the severity of symptoms and likelihood of the diagnosis of medical conditions suggested that these findings are not due to over-reporting or to participation bias.
Occupational and personal factors associated with acquired lumbar spondylolisthesis of urban taxi drivers
Authors: Chen J-C , Chan W P , Katz J N , Chang W P , Christiani D C 
Published: November 2004

Aims:To investigate the occupational and personal factors associated with lumbar spondylolisthesis in taxi drivers.Methods:Cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data from the Taxi Drivers’ Health Study cohort. Information was retrieved from the medical records of standardised lumbosacral spine plain films, age, and anthropometric measures of 1242 subjects. Acquired spondylolisthesis (ASL) was defined as non-lytic spondylolisthesis involving lumbar spines above L5. Questionnaires were used to gather information on demographic features, health behaviours, exercise, work related physical and psychosocial factors, and driving time profiles. Multiple logistic regression was used to model the odds ratio (OR) for prevalent ASL cases associated with personal and occupational factors.Results:A total of 40 cases (3.2%) of ASL were diagnosed. Among those driving ⩽5 years, 6–15 years, and >15 years, the estimated prevalence of lumbar spondylolisthesis was 1.1%, 2.4%, and 7.1% respectively. Results of multiple logistic regression suggested that taxicab driving >15 years (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 10.7, compared to driving ⩽5 years), age (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 6.6 for age 46–55; and OR = 4.8, 95% CI 1.8 to 12.9 for age >55), body mass index ⩾25 kg/m2(OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.6), and frequent strenuous exercise (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.5) were significantly associated with higher prevalence of spondylolisthesis. There was a consistent likely exposure-response relation between professional seniority and ASL prevalence.Conclusions:Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the observed association between professional driving and spondylolisthesis, and to examine further the specific occupational exposures accountable for this association.
The health of Australian veterans of the 1991 Gulf War: factor analysis of self-reported symptoms
Authors: Forbes A B , McKenzie D P , Mackinnon A J , Kelsall H L , McFarlane A C , Ikin J F , Glass D C , Sim M R 
Published: November 2004

Background:A recent report showed that Australian veterans of the 1991 Gulf War displayed a greater prevalence of a multitude of self-reported symptoms than a randomly sampled comparison group of military personnel who were eligible for deployment but were not deployed to the Gulf.Aims:To investigate whether the pattern, rather than frequency, of symptom reporting in these Australian Gulf War veterans differed from that of the comparison group personnel.Methods:Factor analysis was used to determine whether the co-occurrence of 62 symptoms in 1322 male Gulf War veterans can be explained by a number of underlying dimensions, called factors. The methodology was also applied to 1459 male comparison group subjects and the factor solutions of the two groups were compared.Results:For the Gulf War veterans, a three factor solution displayed replicability and construct validity. The three factors were labelled as psycho-physiological distress, somatic distress, and arthro-neuromuscular distress, and were broadly similar to those described in previous studies of Gulf War veterans. A concordant three factor solution was also found for the comparison group subjects, with strong convergence of the factor loadings and factor scores across the two groups being displayed.Conclusion:Results did not display evidence of a unique pattern of self-reported symptoms among Gulf War veterans. Results also indicated that the differences between the groups lie in the degrees of expression of the three underlying factors, consistent with the well documented evidence of increased self-reported symptom prevalence in Gulf War veterans.
A THEORY TO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVE REDUNDANCY IN WORMHOLE NETWORKS
Authors: DUATO JOSÉ 
Published: November 2004

Fault-tolerant systems aim at providing continuous operations in the presence of faults. Multicomputers rely on an interconnection network between processors to support the message-passing mechanism. Therefore, the reliability of the interconnection network is very important for the reliability of the whole system. This paper analyses the effective redundancy available in a wormhole network by combining connectivity and deadlock freedom. Redundancy is defined at the channel level, giving a sufficient condition for a channel to be redundant and computing the set of redundant channels. The redundancy level of the network is also defined, proposing a theorem that supplies a lower bound for it. Finally, a fault-tolerant routing algorithm based on the former theory is proposed.
DETERMINING LOCATION AND ORIENTATION OF A LABELLED CYLINDER USING POINT-PAIR ESTIMATION ALGORITHM
Authors: LEE JIANN-DER , LEE JAU-YIEN , YOU YUAN-CHIUAN , CHEN CHIN-HSING 
Published: November 2004

In this paper, a new feasible approach is proposed to determine the 3-D location and orientation as well as the radius of a cylinder pasted with a known-height label. The proposed approach uses a rectangle-shaped standard mark composed of two point-pairs for performing monocular image analysis. A monocular image of a labelled cylinder is first taken. Image processing and numerical analysis techniques are then used to set two point-pairs located on the boundary of the visible part of the cylindrical label. According to 3-D imaging geometry, the location and orientation as well as the radius of the cylinder relative to the camera are uniquely determined by using 3-D vector analysis and simple algebraic computation. Owing to the full linearity of the,derivation, this approach can achieve high speed requirement. In addition, no prerequisite restriction is imposed on the image-grabbing process and there is no need to perform the calibration of the focal length since it can be derived. Experimental results, with mean errors less than 3%, prove the feasibility of the proposed approach.
DOCUMENT STRUCTURES: A SURVEY
Authors: TANG YUAN Y. , SUEN CHING Y. 
Published: November 2004

Knowing the structure of a document is the key to successful processing of a document. There exist a variety of definitions of document structures. This paper is a survey of methods describing document structures. Several novel concepts and theoretical analyses are also presented. A document not only has a concrete two-dimensional image but also a conceptual structure which corresponds to human’s thinking. The process of publishing or writing corresponds to encoding the conceptual structure into a concrete structure. Conversely, the concrete structure of the document is decoded into its conceptual one in document processing. In this paper, conceptual and concrete structures are introduced. A complete system for treating both of the conceptual and concrete structures is probably still decades away. As the first stage, this study puts some emphasis on concrete structures, for which, geometric, logical, textual, information, textural, and other structures are described.
PROCONSUL ON THE WAY TO AUTOMATED PROTOCOL ENGINEERING
Authors: TARNAY KATIE , VARGA LÁSZLÓ ZS. , CSOPAKI GYULA 
Published: November 2004

The analysis, development and testing of communication protocols are complex problems. These tasks can be made easier with protocol development tools, which support the whole protocol development process from specification to testing. They are either stand-alone tools related to a specific protocol engineering function (e.g. validation) or integrated protocol workstations solving several functions. The protocol development tools are usually based on formal description techniques. This paper describes the notion of CAPE (Computer-Aided Protocol Engineering) derived from CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) and presents the PROCONSUL protocol workstation. The intelligent editors of PROCONSUL are described in detail.