bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T cell‐specific gene targeting reveals that α4 is required for early T cell development
Authors: Hua Ding Rong , Inui Seiji , Yamashita Takeshi , Maeda Kazuhiko , Takagi Katsumasa , Takeda Junji , Sakaguchi Nobuo 
Published: June 2003

Abstractα4‐mediated signaling is involved in a variety of functions in mammalian cells. To determine whether this is true for immunocompetent cells, we generated mutant (Lck‐α4–) micein which the α4 gene was deleted in a T cell‐specific manner using the Cre/loxP system. These mice showed impaired early T cell development. Thymi at most ages were small and their architecturewas disorganized. This defect was not due to increased thymocyte apoptosis but to decreased cell proliferation. T cell development was found to be severely arrested at the CD4/CD8 double‐negative 3stage and the thymus contained very few double‐positive or single‐positive (SP) mature thymocytes. The mutant thymocytes showed impaired proliferative responses to anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) stimulation or to the cytokines IL‐2, IL‐1 or TNF. In the spleen, the numbers of mature SP T cells were decreased and their proliferative responses to anti‐CD3 plus IL‐2 or to anti‐CD28 mAb were impaired. A severe impairment of CD3‐induced expression of CD25 was also observed. These data suggest that α4 plays a critical role in the proliferation of thymocytes, which is necessary for early T cell development.
Activation of invariant NKT cells by αGalCer administration protects mice from MOG35–55‐induced EAE: critical roles for administration route and IFN‐γ
Authors: Furlan Roberto , Bergami Alessandra , Cantarella Daniela , Brambilla Elena , Taniguchi Masaro , Dellabona Paolo , Casorati Giulia , Martino Gianvito 
Published: June 2003

AbstractInvariant NKT (inv. NKT) cells co‐express an invariant α β T cell receptor and the NK receptor NK1.1 and, upon CD1d‐restricted recognition of the glycosphingolipid antigen α‐galactosyl ceramide (αGalCer), secrete large amounts of regulatory cytokines. We investigated whether αGalCer‐dependent activation of inv. NKT cells protects from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an immune‐mediated disease of the central nervous system mimicking multiple sclerosis, induced in C57BL/6 mice by the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) encephalitogenic peptide aa 35–55. αGalCer was administered at the time of immunization s.c., mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant and MOG35‐55 peptide, or administered i.p., diluted in PBS. EAE onset was delayed and disease severity was decreased only when αGalCer was s.c. administered. The protective effect of s.c. administration of αGalCer was associated with a markedly enhanced IFN‐γ production by liver‐confined inv. NKT cells which, in turn, suppressed Th1‐cytokine production and fostered secretion of IL‐10 from MOG35–55‐specific T cells. In vivo neutralization of IFN‐γ, but notIL‐4, reversed the protective effect induced by s.c. administration of αGalCer, further confirming the critical regulatory role exerted by IFN‐γ‐producing inv. NKT cells. Our results indicate that αGalCer, properly administered, may elicit an inv. NKT‐cell‐mediated suppressive effect on the effector function of encephalitogenic T cells; this effect is able to ameliorate autoimmunedemyelination.
EBF‐regulating Pax5 transcription is enhanced by STAT5 in the early stage of B cells
Authors: Hirokawa Shigenari , Sato Hiromu , Kato Ibuki , Kudo Akira 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPax5 is an essential transcription factor for B cell development, and it is reported that Pax5 expression was reduced in the IL‐7 receptor (IL‐7R) knockout mouse. To investigate whether signals from the IL‐7R regulate Pax5 transcription, we searched the consensus sequence of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) in the Pax5 promoter region, since STAT is one of the components of cytokine signal transduction. A STAT‐binding motif, termed SBM, was identified at 1,118 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site, and SBM completely overlapped with the binding sitefor early B cell factor (EBF). STAT5 was phosphorylated in the presence of IL‐7 in the IL‐7‐dependent preB cell line, PreBR1, and phosphorylated‐STAT5 as well as EBF was found to bind to the SBM. Moreover, we also revealed STAT5 binding to SBM in PreBR1 cells by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Transient co‐transfection of reporter genes together with expression vectors of a constitutive active form of STAT5 and EBF into NIH3T3 cells demonstrated that STAT5 enhanced EBF‐regulating transcription. Our results suggest that STAT5 phosphorylated by IL‐7 can directly up‐regulate Pax5 transcription in early B cells.
Selective enhancement of B cell antigen receptor‐mediated antigen presentation by treatment with transforming growth factor‐β
Authors: Arai Chiaki , Ichijo Takamasa , Tanaka Yuriko , Okada Yayoi , Umeda Masanori , Uchida Tetsuya , Kiniwa Mamoru , Kakiuchi Terutaka 
Published: June 2003

AbstractTGF‐β1 was examined for the ability to regulate Ag‐presentation by B cells, using A20‐HL B lymphoma cells bearing TNP‐specific IgM receptors. Treatment of A20‐HL cells with TGF‐β1 at 1 ng/ml, a concentration that inhibited proliferation, enhanced presentation of Ag internalized via surface IgM (sIgM), but not via fluid‐phase pinocytosis. TGF‐β1‐treatment slightly enhanced surface expression of sIgM, but not of MHC class II molecules. The treatment accelerated recovery of sIgM expression after its removal by ligation with TNP‐OVA, and induced prolonged intracellular residence of TNP‐OVA internalized via sIgM, which co‐localized with intracellular MHC class II molecules. TGF‐β1‐treatment increased accumulation of newly synthesized intracellular MHC class II molecules that were localized in compartments positive for lysosome‐associated membrane protein 1, although cellular protein synthesis was decreased by the treatment. The accumulated intracellular MHC class II molecules were triggered to the cell surface by ligation of sIgM. Finally, TGF‐β1‐treatment induced Igα‐phosphorylation in response to lower concentrations of TNP‐OVA. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that TGF‐β1‐treatment of A20‐HL cells selectively enhances the ability to present Ag internalized via sIgM, not via fluid‐phase pinocytosis, through accelerating sIgM recovery, increasing accumulation of intracellular MHC class II molecules and enhancing the ability of sIgM ligation to induce Igα‐phosphorylation.
Mini‐review Toll‐like receptors: networking for success
Authors: Underhill David M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe innate immune system is essential for host defense and is responsible for early detection of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Upon recognition of microbes by innate immune cells suchas macrophages and dendritic cells, diverse signaling pathways are activated that combine to define inflammatory responses that direct sterilization of the threat and/or orchestrate development of the adaptive immune response. Innate immune signaling must be carefully controlled, and regulation comes in part from interactions between activating and inhibiting signaling receptors. Toll‐like receptors (TLR) have recently emerged as key receptors responsible for recognizing specific conserved components of microbes including lipopolysaccharides from Gram‐negative bacteria, CpG DNA, and flagellin. Full activation of inflammatory responses by TLR may require the assembly of receptor signaling complexes including other transmembrane proteins that may influence signal transduction. In addition to TLR, many additional receptors participate in innate recognition of microbes, and recent studies demonstrate strong interactions between signaling through these receptors and signaling through TLR. Useful models for these interacting signaling pathways are now emerging and should pave the way for understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive the rich diversity of inflammatory responses.
Metal Ligand Aromatic Cation−π Interactions
Authors: Zarić Snežana D. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractCation−π interactions are important noncovalent bonding forces. This review covers a special type of cation−π interactions, the metal ligand aromatic cation−π (MLACπ) interaction, where ligands that are coordinated to a metal ion interact with aromatic groups. These interactions have been observed in metalloproteins, metal complexes, biomimetic metal complexes, and when DNA and RNA interact with metal cations. The energy of MLACπ interactions in different systems has been calculated by quantum chemical methods and was found to vary from 1 to 30 kcal/mol. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Synthesis and Characterization of Mononuclear Amidogold(III) Complexes − Crystal Structure of [Au(N2C10H7(CMe2C6H4)‐6](NHC6H3Me2‐2,6)][PF6] − Oxidation of 4‐Methylaniline to Azotoluene
Authors: Cinellu Maria Agostina , Minghetti Giovanni , Pinna Maria Vittoria , Stoccoro Sergio , Zucca Antonio , Manassero Mario 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMononuclear amidogold(III) complexes [Au(C,N,N)(NRR′)][PF6] [C,N,N = N2C10H7(CMe2C6H4)‐6, where N2C10H8 = 2,2′‐bipy; R = H, R′ = p‐tolyl (5), o‐xylyl (6), isobutyl (7), sec‐butyl (8), R = R′ = Et (9)], [Au(C,N)(AcO)(NHC6H4NO2‐4)] (10) [C,N = NC5H4(CH2C6H4)‐2, where NC5H5 = py] and [Au(N,N)(NHC6H4NO2‐4)2][PF6] (11) (N,N = 2,2′‐bipy), have been synthesized in fairly good yields by reaction of the hydroxo, methoxo, or acetato complexes 1−4 {[Au(C,N,N)(OR)][PF6] [R = H (1), Me (2)], [Au(C,N)(AcO)2] (3), [Au(N,N)(OH)2][PF6] (4)} with amines. The structure of [Au(C,N,N)(NHC6H3Me2‐2,6)][PF6] (6) has been determined by X‐ray diffraction. Reaction of the hydroxo complex 4 with NH2C6H4Me‐4 gives metallic gold, the protonated ligand [N,NH][PF6] and organic products, the main one being azotoluene. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
One‐Step Preparation of [RuCp*(η6‐arene)]+ Sandwich Complexes
Authors: Schmid Alexander , Piotrowski Holger , Lindel Thomas 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn a single step, several variously functionalized [RuCp*(η6‐arene)]+ sandwich complexes have been prepared starting from RuCl3·xH2O in yields ranging from 35 to 80%, referring to ruthenium. The protocol covers the preparation of valuable [RuCp*]+‐complexed amino acids. In comparative experiments starting from the oligomer [RuCp*Cl2]n and using methanol/methanolate as the reducing agent, the formation of undesired side products was observed, resulting from nucleophilic substitution at the o‐chloroanisole complex and from methoxylation of the Cp* ligand. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Molecular Materials Formed by Tetrathiafulvalene Radicals and Magnetic Trimeric Clusters of Dimetallic Oxalate‐Bridged Complexes: The Series (TTF)4{MII(H2O)2[MIII(ox)3]2}·nH2O (MII = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn; MIII = Cr and Fe; ox = C2O42−)
Authors: Coronado Eugenio , Galán‐Mascarós José Ramón , Giménez‐Saiz Carlos , Gómez‐García Carlos J. , Ruiz‐Pérez Catalina 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe first examples of trimeric, dimetallic, pure oxalate‐bridged complexes [ox = (C2O4)2−] have been synthesized and characterized structurally and magnetically for the two new series of crystalline molecular assemblies formulated as (TTF)4{MII(H2O)2[MIII(ox)3]2}·nH2O [for MIII = Cr; MII = Mn (1), Fe (2), Co (3), Ni (4), Cu (5) and Zn (6); for MIII = Fe; MII = Mn (7), Fe (8), Co (9), Ni (10) and Zn (11)]. Both series (Cr2M and Fe2M) are isostructural. The crystal structure of (TTF)4{Mn(H2O)2[Cr(ox)3]2}⋅14H2O (1) [monoclinic, space group C2/c (no. 15), a = 13.240(5) Å, b = 19.450(5) Å, c = 27.690(5) Å, β = 97.63(5)°, V = 7068(3) Å3 and Z = 4] shows alternating layers of the organic radical TTF, arranged in an unprecedented one‐dimensional κ‐type phase formed by parallel chains of orthogonal dimers along the a axis, and layers of centrosymmetrical Cr−Mn−Cr trimers with oxalate bridges. The magnetic measurements show ferromagnetic coupling within the trimers for the Cr2M series and antiferromagnetic for the Fe2M series, giving rise to high‐spin molecules in both cases [S = 11/2, 10/2, 9/2, 8/2 and 7/2 in compounds (1−5), respectively, and S = 5/2, 6/2, 7/2 and 8/2 in compounds (7−10), respectively]. These high‐spin ground states are confirmed by magnetization measurements at 2 K. The ESR spectra of all compounds confirm the presence of the metals and a small amount of isolated TTF radical in all the samples, which is typical for these kinds of radical salts. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Crystal Engineering with Structurally Flexible 1,1′‐Substituted Ferrocenes for Nonlinear Optical Materials
Authors: Shin Dong Mok , Lee In Su , Chung Young Keun 
Published: June 2003

AbstractCocrystals derived from 1,1′‐bis(ethenyl‐4‐pyridyl)ferrocene (1) and resorcinol/phloroglucinol and a crystal of 1,1′‐bis(ethenyl‐4‐quinolinyl)ferrocene (5) have been studied with the aim of engineering crystalline NLO materials. X‐ray structure analyses revealed a NLO active syn‐type molecular conformation of 1 and 5 via hydrogen bonding with resorcinol/phloroglucinol and π‐π interaction between quinoline rings, respectively. For 5, all molecular dipoles are aligned in the same direction and the SHG efficiency is about 4 times that of urea. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Magnetic, 57Fe Mössbauer, and IR Monitoring of the Thermal Spin Transition in a New Family of Iron(II) Spin‐Transition Complexes
Authors: Stassen Arno F. , Grunert Matthias , Dova Eva , Müller Martin , Weinberger Peter , Wiesinger Günter , Schenk Henk , Linert Wolfgang , Haasnoot Jaap G. , Reedijk Jan 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA new family of iron(II) tetrafluoroborate and perchlorate spin‐crossover compounds has been synthesised and is discussed. The iron(II) ion is surrounded by six 1‐ethyltetrazole ligands, which are halogen‐substituted on the C2 atom of the ethyl group. The spin‐crossover temperatures T1/2 are high compared to the unsubstituted (1‐alkyltetrazole)iron(II) complexes. The shape of the spin‐transition curve (i.e. γHS vs. T) varies largely over the different complexes and appears to be influenced neither by the crystal packing, nor by the electronic effects. The temperature‐dependent spin‐transition behaviour has been studied by magnetic susceptibility and by 57Fe‐Mössbauer spectroscopy. These data have been supported by temperature‐dependent mid‐range infrared spectroscopy: the thermally induced spin transition has been observed by direct monitoring of the aromatic C−H stretching frequency. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Iodoargentates and Cuprates Stabilized by Sulfonium Cations With Long Alkyl Chains
Authors: Paulsson Heléne , Berggrund Malin , Fischer Andreas , Kloo Lars 
Published: June 2003

Abstract[DodMe2S]2AgI3 and [DodMe2S]Ag2I3 were obtained from mixtures of dodecyldimethylsulfonium iodide and silver iodide in acetonitrile solution. [DodMe2S]2AgI3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system, space group Pbca and contains trigonal planar anions AgI32−, while [DodMe2S]Ag2I3 crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system, space group P$\bar 1$
, and consists of polymeric anions 1∞(Ag2I3)−. In both structures, the sulfonium cations form a layer of parallel and interpenetrating dodecyl chains with the sulfoniumdimethyl groups on both sides of the layer. [DodMe2S]2CuI3 was obtained from dodecyldimethylsulfonium iodide and copper iodide mixtures and is isostructural with the corresponding silver compound. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
The Aminolysis of Beryllium Dichloride with Diisopropylamine and Reactions of Some Aminoberyllium Chlorides
Authors: Nöth Heinrich , Schlosser Dieter 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBeCl2 is not aminolyzed by diisopropylamine. An excess of this amine reacts with BeCl2 or BeCl2·2OEt2 to give BeCl2·HNiPr2 (1). This compound, on deprotonation with LiBu at low temperature, gives rise predominantly to dimers of ClBe(NiPr2) (2), together with Be(NiPr2)2 (3). Compound 2 adds diisopropylamine to give the adduct ClBe(NiPr2)·HNiPr2 (4), which provides 3 on treatment with LiBu. Compound 2 reacts with LiBH4 to give dimeric iPr2NBeBH4 (17). The BH4 group is μ2‐bonded to the Be centers, as shown by NMR spectroscopic data and an X‐ray structure determination. Moreover, a number of dimeric organylberyllium diisopropylamides iPr2NBeR have been prepared by treatment of 2 with LiR. In analogy, tert‐butoxyberyllium diisopropylamide (20) has also been synthesized. Moreover, several 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinoberyllium and bis(trimethylsilyl)amino derivatives are reported. 9Be NMR spectroscopic data of the new compounds are consistent with tricoordinated Be centers and dimeric units (MS, cryoscopy). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Syntheses of Dimetallamacrocycles by Intramolecular Oxidative Couplings of Dinuclear Bis(1,3‐butadiynyl) Complexes: A New Approach to Steric Shielding in (sp‐Carbon chain)dirhenium Complexes [(η5‐C5Me5)Re(NO)(PR3)(C≡CC≡CC≡CC≡C)(R3P)(ON)Re(η5‐C5Me5)]
Authors: Horn Clemens R. , Gladysz John A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractReactions of the chiral racemic carbonyl complex [(η5‐C5Me5)Re(NO)(NCCH3)(CO)]+·BF4− and diphosphanes Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 [2.4:1.0 mol ratio; n = 10 (a), 14 (b)] give the (bridging phosphane)dirhenium complexes [(η5‐C5Me5)Re(NO)(CO){μ‐[PPh2(CH2)nPh2P]‐P,P}(OC)(ON)Re(η5C5Me5)]2+·2BF4− (73−80%), which are reduced (LiAlH4) to the dimethyl complexes [(η5‐C5Me5)Re(NO)(CH3){μ‐[PPh2(CH2)nPh2P]‐P,P}(ON)(H3C)Re(η5‐C5Me5)] (92−96%). Reactions with HBF4·OEt2/C6H5Cl, HC≡CC≡CSiMe3, and tBuOK give, via π‐HC≡C adducts (89−94%), the bis(trimethylsilylbutadiynyl) complexes [(η5‐C5Me5)Re(NO)(C≡CC≡ CSiMe3){μ‐[PPh2(CH2)nPh2P]‐P,P}(Me3SiC≡CC≡C)(ON)Re(η5‐C5Me5)] (9a,b; 95−66%). Desilylation (wet nBu4NF) yields labile bis(butadiynyl) complexes, which are coupled [Cu(OAc)2/pyridine] to the μ‐octatetraynediyl complexes [(η5‐C5Me5)Re(NO){μ‐[PPh2(CH2)nPh2P]‐P,P}{μ‐(C1≡CC≡CC≡CC≡C8)‐C1,C8}(ON)Re(η5‐C5Me5)] (3a,b; 10−23% from 9a,b). These represent some of the few cases of intramolecular oxidative homocouplings of terminal alkynes in metal coordination spheres. The electrochemical properties of 3a,b, which undergo two one‐electron oxidations, are compared to nonmacrocyclic analogs that lack the diphosphane bridge. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Nitrifying Treatment of Wastewater from Fertilizer Production in a Three‐Phase Flow Airlift Loop Bioreactor
Authors: Jianping W. , Lei P. , Xiaojing X. , Zhiyong Z. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA 12‐L gas‐liquid‐solid three‐phase flow airlift loop bioreactor, in which biological membranes replace the activated sludge, was used in the nitrifying treatment of a real effluent in a Nanjing chemical fertilizer plant. The influences of temperature, pH, air flow rate and HRT on ammonia nitrogen reduction were investigated and discussed. The optimum operating conditions, such as temperature of 30–35 °C, pH value of 7–8, air influx of 0.3 m3/h, and hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 8 hours, were found. Under optimum operating conditions, the average removal efficiencies of COD and NH4‐N are higher than 95 % and 99 %, corresponding to the effluent COD < 50 mg/L and NH4‐N < 5 mg/L, which is far below the primary discharge standard for the chemical fertilizer industry of P.R. China – COD < 150 mg/L and NH4‐N < 60 mg/L (GWPB4–1999). In addition, the radial and axial positions have little influence on the local profiles of COD and NH4‐N.
Effects of psychosocial intervention on quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Petruson Karin M. , Silander Ewa M. , Hammerlid Eva B. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground.A longitudinal, prospective, case‐control study evaluated if a psychosocial support program improved health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in head and neck (H&N) cancer patients.Methods.One hundred forty‐four H&N cancer patients were included: 52 study patients and 92 controls. The study group met the support team repeatedly throughout the first year after diagnosis. HRQL was assessed three times during the first year and after 3 years using the EORTC QLQ‐C30, EORTC QLQ‐H&N35, and HADS.Results.A few statistically significant differences were found, all favoring the controls. Controls reported better global quality of life after 1 year and felt less ill after 3 years. Depression and treatment‐related side effects were prevalent in both groups.Conclusions.Our psychosocial support program did not improve HRQL in H&N cancer patients. Its effectiveness may be improved by evaluating and actively integrating HRQL assessments during the program, thereby enabling rapid and adequate symptomatic treatment and/or psychologic intervention. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 576–584, 2003
Comprehensive head and neck oncology health status assessment
Authors: Funk Gerry F. , Karnell Lucy Hynds , Christensen Alan J. , Moran Patricia J. , Ricks Joan 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground.This article presents the validation of the Head and Neck Cancer Inventory (HNCI), a health status assessment instrument with a small number of multiple‐item domains that captures patients' ratings of functional status and attitude about that function.Methods.The HNCI was administered to patients with upper aerodigestive tract carcinoma. An initial, cross‐sectional study assessed feasibility and reliability. A subsequent, longitudinal study's factor analysis identified ineffective items and confirmed domain cohesiveness. Construct and criterion‐related validity and sensitivity to detect change across time were evaluated.Results.The HNCI was highly reliable. Criterion‐related validity was demonstrated through comparisons with other HNC‐specific instruments. Construct validity was demonstrated based on significant differences between patient groups (HNC/non‐HNC, employment status, clinical stage, and type of treatment). Domain scores were sensitive to change across time. The domains' functional and attitudinal scores were significantly different.Conclusions.The HNCI is a reliable, valid instrument that evaluates the functional and attitudinal components of health status in HNC patients. This survey is recommended for self‐reported health status evaluation in HNC clinical trials. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 561–575, 2003