bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting Nursing Student Mental Health Wellness
Authors: Stubin Catherine A. , Ruth-Sahd Lisa , Dahan Thomas A. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Being aware of elevated levels of student psychological distress by nursing faculty, and subsequently responding to it, may diminish nursing students’ experience of negative mental health well-being.

Purpose:
Relationships between perceived faculty support, resiliency, and the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate nursing students were explored.

Methods:
An exploratory mixed-methods design was used for this descriptive, cross-sectional study. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21, Brief Resilience Scale, Perceived Faculty Support Scale, a demographic questionnaire, and open-ended questions were used to collect data. A convenience sample of 989 undergraduate baccalaureate nursing students from across the United States completed the surveys.

Results:
Study results revealed resilience strategies and psychological and functional supportive faculty behaviors and actions are substantial predictors of lower depression, anxiety, and stress in undergraduate baccalaureate nursing students.

Conclusions:
Investments in faculty development to support nursing student resilience may reduce the degree of negative mental health well-being that students exhibit related to nursing education and promote their successful transition to nursing practice.
Navigating the Landscape: Barriers and Facilitators in Electronic Case Reporting Implementation Across Public Health Agencies
Authors: Hartsell Joel D. , Staes Catherine , Allen Katie S. , Dunn Angela C. , Wilson Fernando A. , Samore Matthew H. , Shoaf Kimberley 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
The objectives were to identify barriers and facilitators for electronic case reporting (eCR) implementation associated with “organizational” and “people”-based knowledge/processes and to identify patterns across implementation stages to guide best practices for eCR implementation at public health agencies.

Design:
This qualitative study uses semistructured interviews with key stakeholders across 6 public health agencies. This study leveraged 2 conceptual frameworks for the development of the interview guide and initial codebook and the organization of the findings of thematic analysis.

Setting:
Interviews were conducted virtually with informants from public health agencies at varying stages of eCR implementation.

Participants:
Investigators aimed to enroll 3 participants from each participating public health agency, including an eCR lead, a technical lead, and a leadership informant.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Patterns associated with barriers and facilitators across the eCR implementation stage.

Results:
Twenty-eight themes were identified throughout interviews with 16 informants representing 6 public health agencies at varying stages of implementation. While there was variation across these levels, 3 distinct patterns were identified, including themes that were described (1) solely as a barrier or facilitator for eCR implementation regardless of implementation stages, (2) as a barrier for those in the early stages but evolved into a facilitator for those in later stages, and (3) as facilitators that were unique to the late-stage implementation.

Conclusion:
This study elucidated critical national, organizational, and person-centric best practices for public health agencies. These included the importance of engagement with the national eCR team, integrated development teams, cross-pollination, and developing solutions with the broader public health mission in mind. While the implementation of eCR was the focus of this study, the findings are generalizable to the broader data modernization efforts within public health agencies.
Incidental FAPI Localization in Benign Bone Lesions in a Case of Carcinoma Stomach
Authors: Manda Divya , M V Manikandan , Suresh Arvind , Shukla Varun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recently developed radiolabeled FAPI (fibroblast-activation protein inhibitors) have attracted researcher's attention in diagnosing various tumors because of its high specificity and better tumor-to-background ratio. Increasing use of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT has resulted in reporting of incidental benign findings as well. We hereby present a case of suspected carcinoma stomach showing increased uptake in primary tumor in stomach as well as incidental uptake in benign subchondral cysts in bilateral shoulder joints and right hip joint on 68Ga-FAPI PET CT scan.
Complete Absence of FAPI Uptake in a Patient With Aggressive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Involving Multiple Nodal and Extranodal Sites
Authors: Lu Li , Bin Ji 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A 73-year-old man with histopathologically confirmed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma underwent both 18F-FDG and 18F-FAPI PET/CT. Although 18F-FDG PET showed abnormally increased tracer uptake in multiple nodal sites and organs, indicating the aggressiveness of the disease status, 18F-FAPI PET showed no obvious FAPI uptake in any of the FDG-avid lesions. Our case suggests that low expression of FAP in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, as indicated by FAPI PET, might help determine a subgroup of patients with poorer outcome.
18F-FDG PET/CT Findings in Monkeypox Infection in an HIV Patient
Authors: Manzarbeitia-Arroba Begoña , Ruiz-Solis Sebastian , Vega-Perez Diana , Garcia-Alonso Pilar , Tabuenca Maria Jose 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A 29-year-old man diagnosed with monkeypox infection underwent an 18F-FDG PET/CT for the study of organic involvement in the context of a nonsatisfactory clinical evolution. He had a history of HIV (with undetectable viral load). FDG PET/CT showed multiple hypermetabolic lymphadenopathies and bilateral pulmonary nodules with mild 18F-FDG uptake.
The Utility of Motor Evoked Potential Monitoring for Predicting Postoperative Motor Deficit in Patients With Insular Gliomas
Authors: Fan Xing , You Hao , Liu Jiajia , Tao Xiaorong , Wang Mingran , Li Ke , Yang Jun , Xie Jian , Qiao Hui 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
Motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring has been widely applied in various neurosurgical operations. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of MEP monitoring for postoperative motor deficit (PMD) in patients with insular gliomas.

Methods:
Demographic and clinical data, MEP monitoring data, and follow-up data of 42 insular glioma patients were retrospectively reviewed, and 40 patients were finally enrolled. The value of MEP monitoring for predicting PMD was assessed with sensitivity, specificity, and false-positive/false-negative rates. Binary multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to further identify the predictive value of MEP monitoring.

Results:
Statistical analysis showed that irreversible MEP changes, but not all MEP changes, were more effective in predicting PMD. The sensitivity and specificity of irreversible MEP changes for predicting long-term PMD were 85.71 and 93.94%, whereas the false-positive and -negative rates were 25.00 and 3.12% respectively. In addition, irreversible MEP changes were identified as the only independent predictor for long-term PMD (odds ratio, 101.714; 95% confidence interval, 6.001–1724.122; p = 0.001).

Conclusions:
MEP monitoring has been proven to be feasible in insular glioma surgery. Irreversible MEP changes showed good performance in predicting PMD. Their absence can offer an optimistic expectation for the long-term motor outcome. The findings can provide the surgical team with a more effective interpretation of MEP changes and contribute to exploring tailored MEP warning criteria.
Mucosal Correlates of Protection after Influenza Viral Challenge of Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Bean Rachel , Giurgea Luca T. , Han Alison , Czajkowski Lindsay , Cervantes-Medina Adriana , Gouzoulis Monica , Mateja Allyson , Hunsberger Sally , Reed Susan , Athota Rani , Baus Holly Ann , Kash John C. , Park Jaekeun , Taubenberger Jeffery K. , Memoli Matthew J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInduction of systemic antibody titers against hemagglutinin has long been the main focus of influenza vaccination strategies, but mucosal immunity has also been shown to play a key role in protection against respiratory viruses. By vaccinating and challenging healthy volunteers, we demonstrated that inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) modestly reduced the rate of influenza while predominantly boosting serum antibody titers against hemagglutinin (HA) and HA stalk, a consequence of the low neuraminidase (NA) content of IIV and the intramuscular route of administration. Not surprisingly, viral challenge induced nasal and serum responses against both HA and NA. Correlations between mucosal IgA and serum IgG against specific antigens were low, whether before or after challenge, suggesting a compartmentalization of immune responses. Even so, volunteers who developed viral shedding for multiple days had lower baseline titers across both systemic and mucosal compartments as compared to those with no shedding or a single day of shedding. Regression analysis showed that pre-challenge HA inhibition titers were the most consistent correlate of protection across clinical outcomes combining shedding and symptoms, with NA inhibition titers and HA IgG levels only predicting the duration of shedding. Despite the inclusion of data from multiple binding and functional antibody assays against HA and NA performed on both serum and nasal samples, multivariate models were unable to account for the variability in outcomes, emphasizing our imperfect understanding of immune correlates in influenza and the importance of refining models with assessments of innate and cellular immune responses.ImportanceThe devastating potential of influenza has been well known for over 100 years. Despite the development of vaccines since the middle of the twentieth century, influenza continues to be responsible for substantial global morbidity and mortality. To develop next-generation vaccines with enhanced effectiveness, we must synthesize our understanding of the complex immune mechanisms culminating in protection. Our study outlines the differences in immune responses to influenza vaccine and influenza infection, identifying potential gaps in vaccine-induced immunity, particularly at the level of the nasal mucosa. Furthermore, this research underscores the need to refine our imperfect models while recognizing potential pitfalls in past and future attempts to identify and measure correlates of protection.
Most users of a prenatal consultation dedicated to future fathers are immigrants facing hardship
Authors: Penot Pauline , Jacob Gaëlle , Guerizec Audrey , Trevisson Clotilde , Letembet Valérie-Anne , Harich Raya , Phuong Thomas , Renevier Bruno , Manuellan Pierre-Etienne , Desgrées du Loû Annabel ,   the Partage Study Group
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal care provides pregnant women with repeated opportunities for prevention, screening and diagnosis that have no current extension to future fathers. It also contributes to women’s general better access to health. The goal of PARTAGE study was to evaluate the level and determinants of adherence to a prenatal prevention consultation dedicated to men.MethodsBetween January 2021 and April 2022, we conducted a monocentric interventional study in Montreuil hospital. We assessed the acceptance of a prenatal prevention consultation newly offered to every future father, through their pregnant partner’s prior consent to provide their contact details.Results3,038 women provided contact information used to reach the fathers; effective contact was established with 2,516 men, of whom 1,333 (53%) came for prenatal prevention consultation. Immigrant men were more likely to come than French-born men (56% versus 49%, p < 0·001), and the more they faced social hardship, the more likely they were to accept the offer. In multivariate analysis, men born in Subsaharan Africa and Asia were twice as likely to attend the consultation as those born in Europe or North America.ConclusionAcceptance of this new offer was high. Moreover, this consultation was perceived by vulnerable immigrant men as an opportunity to integrate a healthcare system they would otherwise remain deprived of.Trial Registrationhttps://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05085717
Pediatric Neural Changes to Physical and Emotional Pain After Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lepping Rebecca J , Hoffart Cara M , Bruce Amanda S , Taylor Jasmine M , Mardis Neil J , Lim Seung-Lark , Wallace Dustin P 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBrain areas activated during pain can contribute to enhancing or reducing the pain experience, showing a potential connection between chronic pain and the neural response to pain in adolescents and youth. This study examined changes in brain activation associated with experiencing physical pain, and the observation of physical and emotional pain in others, by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT). Eighteen youth (age 14 to 18) with widespread chronic pain completed fMRI testing before and after IIPT to assess changes in brain activation in response to physical and emotional pain. Broadly, brain activation changes were observed in frontal, somatosensory, and limbic regions. These changes suggest improvements in descending pain modulation via thalamus and caudate, and the different pattern of brain activation after treatment suggests better discrimination between physical and emotional pain. Brain activation changes were also correlated with improvements in clinical outcomes of catastrophizing (reduced activation in right caudate, right mid-cingulate, and postcentral gyrus) and pain-related disability (increased activation in precentral gyrus, left hippocampus, right middle occipital cortex, and left superior frontal gyrus). These changes support interpretation that reduced brain protective responses to pain were associated with treatment-related improvements. This pilot study highlights the need for larger trials designed to better understand the brain mechanisms involved in pediatric widespread pain treatment.PerspectiveThis study examined changes in brain response to pain in youth experiencing chronic pain participating in intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT). The novelty in this pilot study is the longitudinal neuroimaging findings in conjunction with established, clinically relevant behavioral and self-report measures of pain.
Representational Learning from Healthy Multi-Tissue Human RNA-seq Data such that Latent Space Arithmetics Extracts Disease Modules
Authors: de Weerd Hendrik A , Guala Dimitri , Gustafsson Mika , Synnergren Jane , Tegnér Jesper , Lubovac-Pilav Zelmina , Magnusson Rasmus 
Published: October 2023

1AbstractDeveloping computational analyses of transcriptomic data has dramatically improved our understanding of complex multifactorial diseases. However, such approaches are limited to small sample sets of disease-affected material, thus being sensitive to statistical biases and noise. Here, we ask if a variational autoencoder (VAE) trained on large groups of healthy, human RNA-seq data of multiple tissues can capture the fundamental healthy gene regulation system such that the learned representation generalizes to account for unseen disease changes. To this end, we trained a multi-scale representation to encode cellular processes ranging from cell types to genegene interactions. Importantly, we found that the learned healthy representations could predict unseen gene expression changes from 25 independent disease datasets. We extracted and decoded disease-specific signals from the VAE latent space to dissect this finding. Interestingly, the gene modules corresponding to this signal contained more disease-specific genes than the respective differential expression analysis in 20 of 25 cases. Finally, we matched genes related to the disease signals to known drug targets. We could extract sets of known and potential pharmaceutical candidates from this analysis and demonstrate the utility in three use cases. In summary, our study showcases how data-driven representation learning using a VAE as a foundational model allows an arithmetic deconstruction of the latent space such that biological insights enable the dissection of disease mechanisms and drug targets. Our model is available athttps://github.com/ddeweerd/VAE_Transcriptomics/.
Pulses of RhoA Signaling Stimulate Actin Polymerization and Flow in Protrusions to Drive Collective Cell Migration
Authors: Qian Weiyi , Yamaguchi Naoya , Lis Patrycja , Cammer Michael , Knaut Holger 
Published: October 2023

SummaryIn animals, cells often move as collectives to shape organs, close wounds, or—in the case of disease—metastasize. To accomplish this, cells need to generate force to propel themselves forward. The motility of singly migrating cells is driven largely by an interplay between Rho GTPase signaling and the actin network (Yamada and Sixt, 2019). Whether cells migrating as collectives use the same machinery for motility is unclear. Using the zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium as a model for collective cell migration, we find that active RhoA and myosin II cluster on the basal sides of the primordium cells and are required for primordium motility. Positive and negative feedbacks cause RhoA and myosin II activities to pulse. These pulses of RhoA signaling stimulate actin polymerization at the tip of the protrusions and myosin II-dependent actin flow and protrusion retraction at the base of the protrusions, and deform the basement membrane underneath the migrating primordium. This suggests that RhoA-induced actin flow on the basal sides of the cells constitutes the motor that pulls the primordium forward, a scenario that likely underlies collective migration in other—but not all (Bastock and Strutt, 2007; Lebreton and Casanova, 2013; Matthews et al., 2008)—contexts.
Wide Transition-State Ensemble as Key Component for Enzyme Catalysis
Authors: Jara Gabriel Ernesto , Pontiggia Francesco , Otten Renee , Agafonov Roman V. , Martí Marcelo A. , Kern Dorothee 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTransition-state theory has provided the theoretical framework to explain the enormous rate accelerations of chemical reactions by enzymes. Given that proteins display large ensembles of conformations, unique transition states would pose a huge entropic bottleneck for enzyme catalysis. To shed light on this question, we studied the nature of the enzymatic transition state for the phosphoryl-transfer step in adenylate kinase by quantum-mechanics/molecular-mechanics calculations. We find a structurally wide set of energetically equivalent configurations that lie along the reaction coordinate and hence a broad transition-state ensemble (TSE). A conformationally delocalized ensemble, including asymmetric transition states, is rooted in the macroscopic nature of the enzyme. The computational results are buttressed by enzyme kinetics experiments that confirm the decrease of the entropy of activation predicted from such wide TSE. Transition-state ensembles as a key for efficient enzyme catalysis further boosts a unifying concept for protein folding and conformational transitions underlying protein function.
A Modular Design for Synthetic Membraneless Organelles Enables Compositional and Functional Control
Authors: Walls Mackenzie T. , Xu Ke , Brangwynne Clifford P. , Avalos José L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLiving cells organize a wide variety of processes through compartmentalization into membraneless organelles, known as biomolecular condensates. Given their ubiquitous presence across a wide spectrum of different organisms and cell types, biomolecular condensates are increasingly considered to offer great potential for biotechnological applications. However, native condensates remain difficult to harness for engineering applications, both due to their intertwined mechanisms of assembly and compositional control, and potential disruptions to native cellular processes. Here, we demonstrate a modular framework for the formation of synthetic condensates designed to decouple cluster formation and protein recruitment. Synthetic condensates are built through constitutive oligomerization of intrinsically-disordered regions (IDRs), which drive the formation of condensates whose composition can be independently defined through fused interaction domains. The composition of the proteins driven to partition into the condensate can be quantitatively described using a binding equilibrium model, demonstrating predictive control of how component expression levels and interaction affinity determine the degree of protein recruitment. Finally, the engineered system is utilized to regulate protein interactions and metabolic flux by harnessing the system’s compositional tunability.
Transcription factor stoichiometry, motif affinity and syntax regulate single-cell chromatin dynamics during fibroblast reprogramming to pluripotency
Authors: Nair Surag , Ameen Mohamed , Sundaram Laksshman , Pampari Anusri , Schreiber Jacob , Balsubramani Akshay , Wang Yu Xin , Burns David , Blau Helen M , Karakikes Ioannis , Wang Kevin C , Kundaje Anshul 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEctopic expression ofOCT4,SOX2,KLF4andMYC(OSKM) transforms differentiated cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. To refine our mechanistic understanding of reprogramming, especially during the early stages, we profiled chromatin accessibility and gene expression at single-cell resolution across a densely sampled time course of human fibroblast reprogramming. Using neural networks that map DNA sequence to ATAC-seq profiles at base-resolution, we annotated cell-state-specific predictive transcription factor (TF) motif syntax in regulatory elements, inferred affinity- and concentration-dependent dynamics of Tn5-bias corrected TF footprints, linked peaks to putative target genes, and elucidated rewiring of TF- to-gene cis-regulatory networks. Our models reveal that early in reprogramming, OSK, at supraphysiological concentrations, rapidly open transient regulatory elements by occupying non-canonical low-affinity binding sites. As OSK concentration falls, the accessibility of these transient elements decays as a function of motif affinity. We find that these OSK-dependent transient elements sequester the somatic TF AP-1. This redistribution is strongly associated with the silencing of fibroblast-specific genes within individual nuclei. Together, our integrated single-cell resource and models reveal insights into the cis-regulatory code of reprogramming at unprecedented resolution, connect TF stoichiometry and motif syntax to diversification of cell fate trajectories, and provide new perspectives on the dynamics and role of transient regulatory elements in somatic silencing.