bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of functional bladder capacity in Japanese children
Authors: Hamano Satoshi , Yamanishi Tomonori , Igarashi Tatsuo , Murakami Shino , Ito HARUO 
Published: March 2003

Background: Functional bladder capacity is a very important factor in the diagnosis of children with voiding disorders. Because Japanese children are thought to have somewhat smaller functional bladder capacity compared with Western children, the convenient formula (so‐called Koff formula) bladder capacity (in ounces) = age (in years) + 2 is not suitable for use in Japanese children. Methods: We measured the bladder capacities of 131 Japanese children aged 5–15 years without clinical voiding pattern abnormalities to develop a practical guideline for the prediction of normal bladder capacity for age. Results: An approximate formula relates age and bladder capacity as: bladder capacity (mL) = 25 × (age (years) + 2). Conclusions: The formula presented is thought to be a useful guide for the diagnosis of small, normal or large bladder capacity and offers information on voiding disorders in Japanese children.
Simultaneous production of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor and parathyroid hormone‐related protein in bladder cancer
Authors: Ueno Munehisa , Ban Shin‐Ichi , Ohigashi Takashi , Nakanoma Takashi , Nonaka Shoichi , Hirata Risa , Iida Masahiro , Deguchi Nobuhiro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA case of bladder cancer with simultaneous production of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) and parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) is reported. An 81‐year‐old male patient was admitted to the Saitama Medical School for treatment of gross hematuria, leukocytosis and hypercalcemia and diagnosed as having advanced bladder cancer. Immediately after a cystectomy was carried out, his white cell count and serum calcium levels returned to normal. However, the tumors recurred locally and the recurrence was accompanied by an increase in the serum G‐CSF and PTHrP levels with a recurrent elevation of white cell count and the serum calcium level. The production of G‐CSF and PTHrP in the tumor cells was confirmed by immunohistochemistry.
Trans‐mesosigmoid cutaneous ureterostomy
Authors: SATO SHINJI , SOEJIMA KYOKO , KANEKO ARATA , TSUKAHARA TSUNEHIRO , TOKUDA YUJI , KANO TAKEHIRO , TAKAGI NORITO , NAKAMURA KOUJI , KURATOMI KAZUNARI , ICHIGI YASUHISA , MASAKI ZENJIRO 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: A new method was developed in order to create a single stoma cutaneous ureterostomy in which both ureters traverse the abdominal cavity and yet are buttressed by the mesosigmoid and covered by its visceral peritoneum.
Methods
: The long mesenterium which is attached to the most mobile part of the sigmoid colon was used for the bilateral ureteral pathway. Tunnels for the ureteral path were made just underneath the visceral peritoneum on the bilateral side of the mesosigmoid. Through the tunnels both ureteral ends were brought from the retroperitoneal space to the mesenterocolonic junction (MCJ) and the MCJ is then approximated and sutured to the inside of the ureteral tract through the abdominal wall. The ureters brought outside the skin, are conjoined and sutured to the V skin flap. Eight patients who carried a high risk for operation and/or had a bladder tumor judged to be incurable underwent this cutaneous ureterostomy.
Results
: All cases except one with low urinary output could be managed without catheter indwelling during the follow‐up period. Three patients suffered from paralytic ileus and one required laparotomy for mechanical ileus during the short postoperative period. Postoperative excretory urography evaluated 14 kidneys during the follow‐up period from 2 to 61 months and showed normal upper urinary tract in 11 and a mildly hydronephrotic tract in three.
Conclusions
: Transmesosigmoid cutaneous ureterostomy provides a single catheterless stoma even when the available ureters are relatively short. It appears to be a good method for supravesical urinary diversion when indicated.
Primary and salvage urethroplasty using Mathieu meatal‐based flip‐flap technique for distal hypospadias
Authors: Hayashi Yutaro , Sasaki Shoichi , Kojima Yoshiyuki , Maruyama Tetsuji , Tozawa Keiichi , Mizuno Kentaro , Kohri Kenjiro 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background: Numerous surgical procedures have been attempted for correction of distal hypospadias. The Mathieu procedure was employed in this study for secondary cases as well as primary cases.Methods: The length of the skin flap is determined by measuring the distance from the meatus to the glans tip and then the ventral meatal‐based skin flap is incised. The proximal skin flap is flipped and anastomosed to the distal urethral plate. Additionally, subcutaneous tissue of the flipped flap is sutured to cover the original suture lines completely.Results: The Mathieu urethroplasty was successful in one stage in 13 of the 16 primary repair cases (81%). Twelve of the 13 (92%) who underwent a secondary Mathieu procedure were successfully repaired with no problems. An overall success rate of 86% was achieved at the first operation for both primary and secondary cases. In the remaining 14% of the cases, success was achieved with only one additional procedure.Conclusions: The Mathieu flip‐flap procedure is feasible for relatively short urethral defects if the ventral penile skin demonstrates adequate mobility and there is no chordee. Even in patients who require revisional hypospadias surgery, the Mathieu procedure can give excellent functional and cosmetic results.
Retrograde ureteroscopic endopyelotomy using the holmium:YAG laser
Authors: Hibi Hatsuki , Yamada Yoshiaki , Mizumoto Hiroyuki , Okada Masaki , Mitsui Kenji , Taki Tomohiro , Honda Nobuaki , Fukatsu Hidetoshi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: We report our experience of retrograde ureteroscopic endopyelotomy using the holmium laser for ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction not associated with upper tract stones.
Methods
: We carried out this procedure on five patients through an 8‐Fr semirigid ureteroscope. The ureter was not stented before the procedure and balloon dilation was not necessary before retrograde insertion of the ureteroscope. The obstruction was incised with the holmium laser using a 200 µm fiber in a linear fashion. After completion of the incision, a 12‐Fr double‐J ureteral stent was left for 6 weeks. Thereafter, patients were monitored with renal scan and/or ultrasound and excretory urography at 3–6 month intervals.
Results
: Hydronephrosis was obviously improved in four cases (80%) at an average follow up of 12.8 months (4–23 months). Although the number of treated patients was small, retrograde ureteroscopic endopyelotomy for UPJ obstruction using the holmium laser achieved good results.
Conclusions
: We recommend that this procedure be used initially because it is less invasive and has a favorable outcome.
High‐dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for advanced testicular cancer
Authors: KOSHIDA KIYOSHI , KATO HIROAKI , MIZOKAMI ATSUSHI , MORISHITA HIROSHI , SETO CHIKASHI , KOMATSU KAZUTO , KOU EITETSU , UCHIBAYASHI TADAO , SHIOBARA SHINTARO , NAMIKI MIKIO 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of high‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT) for the treatment of patients with advanced testicular cancer.
Methods
:Fourteen patients were treated with high‐dose carboplatin, etoposide and cyclophosphamide (with or without THP‐adriamycin) followed by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The treatment was used for two refractory cases, a second relapse, and for consolidation after the first relapse in one case each. It was also used for nine cases as part of the first‐line treatment following primary conventional‐dose chemotherapy, and for one case as the first salvage for a late recurrent tumor of teratoma with malignant transformation.
Results
:The first two patients who received intensive pretreatment with cisplatin‐based chemotherapy did not respond to HDCT. The two patients who were treated with HDCT as the first or second salvage therapy achieved successful outcomes. The results for the subsequent nine patients (consisting of two with stage IIIC, five with IIIB2, one with IIB, and one extragonadal seminoma) were two progressive disease, three no change and four partial remission. Only three are alive with NED following salvage surgery. Finally, a case of teratoma with malignant transformation did not respond well to two cycles of HDCT. There were no marked adverse reactions except one episode of severe neutropenic colitis.
Conclusions
:The results demonstrated the limited efficacy of HDCT even in cases with a good to intermediate risk rating according to classification by the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group. Because treatment for relapse after HDCT is extremely difficult, new HDCT regimens consisting of drugs that are not used in induction chemotherapy need to be established.
New simple method of transabdominal ultrasound to assess the degree of benign prostatic obstruction: Size and horizontal shape of the prostate
Authors: Watanabe Takeshi , Miyagawa Ikuo 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background: Transabdominal ultrasound has been the standard clinical tool for evaluating prostatic size; however, the severity of benign prostatic obstruction does not always correspond to the size of the prostate. The purpose of this study was to consider the utility of two parameters, (i) the prostatic volume (Pvol) and (ii) the ratio of the height : width of the maximum horizontal section of prostate (H : W) obtained by transabdominal ultrasound, in screening the degree of benign prostatic obstruction. The results were compared with the linear passive urethral resistance relation (lin‐PURR) obtained by pressure‐flow studies.
Methods: Fifty‐one men with lower urinary tract symptoms were prospectively evaluated in regard to urodynamic parameters, transabdominal ultrasound volume of the prostate, and calculation of lin‐PURR.
Results: A significant positive correlation was found between Pvol and the degree of benign prostatic obstruction. When the ultrasonographic parameters of greater than 30 mL Pvol and 0.8 H : W were adopted as provisional cut‐off points for detecting patients with obstruction, the selected 10 cases had lin‐PURR > 3. In addition, there were six cases classified with lin‐PURR ≥ 3 despite the fact that their Pvol was less than 30 mL. Their H : W values were > 0.8.
Conclusions: Transabdominal ultrasound is useful as a screening test for evaluating the prostate. In addition to the size of the prostate, the parameter of the horizontal shape (H : W ratio) makes an assessment of the degree of benign prostatic obstruction more reliable.
Predictive value of renal histological changes for postoperative renal function improvement in children with congenital ureteropelvic junction stenosis
Authors: Erbagci Ahmet , Yaĝci Faruk , Sarica Kemal , Bakir Kemal 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between renal function, as measured by diuretic radionuclide renography, and the outcome of pyeloplasty. A study was designed to evaluate renal parenchymal biopsy specimens derived from children undergoing corrective surgery for ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) stenosis, and compare these to preoperative and postoperative renal function status.Methods: Thirty‐five children with congenital unilateral UPJ stenosis were evaluated. In addition to all conventional diagnostic procedures for UPJ stenosis, differential renal functional (DRF) activity was assessed in each of these children by obtaining 99mTc diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid renogram curves. All children underwent dismembered pyeloplasty, and follow‐up renogram evaluation was conducted 6 and 12 months after surgical repair. Biopsy specimens from renal cortical regions obtained during the surgical correction of UPJ stenosis were evaluated, and changes in renal histology were graded from I to V according to their severity. Spearman's correlation test was used to compare the histological evaluation results and the basal, 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up DRF findings. A Wilcoxon paired test was used to evaluate statistical differences between values.Results: The findings showed a positive correlation between the severity of histological changes and DRF activity. All kidneys (22) with a DRF activity value of < 40% preoperatively demonstrated at least grade III changes when biopsy specimens were examined. Of children with a DRF activity value > 40% (13), only three showed severe histological changes. Histological grades were correlated between basal (r = –0.4; P = 0.019), 6‐month (r = 0.54; P = 0.002) and 12‐month (r = 0.54; P = 0.02) findings. In the Wilcoxon paired test, there was a statistically significant difference between basal and 6‐month values (P < 0.05), and also between basal and 12‐month values (P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between 6‐ and 12‐month values (P > 0.20).Conclusion: Comparative evaluation of postoperative renal function with DRF activity and renal parenchymal histological alterations revealed a close correlation in terms of renal function improvement potential following reconstructive surgery in children with UPJ stenosis.
Endoscopic removal of intravesical thermometer using a rigid nephroscope and forceps
Authors: NISHIYAMA KENRYU , SHIMADA TAKESHI , YAGI SHIZUO , KAWAHARA MOTOSHI , NAKAGAWA MASAYUKI 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIntravesical thermometers are occasionally encountered in urologic practice. In the present paper, we describe the removal of a thermometer from the bladder of a woman who presented with irritable bladder symptoms. The thermometer was removed intact transurethrally using a rigid nephroscope and forceps, even though both ends of the thermometer were embedded in the bladder wall. Our retrieval technique may be of general use in such cases, and it should be attempted before resorting to open surgery.
Appendicovesicostomy for pubescent patients with neurogenic bladder using umbilicus as a stomal site
Authors: Uda Akiko , Hayashi Yutaro , Kojima Yoshiyuki , Okamura Takehiko , Sasaki Shoichi , Kohri Kenjiro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe experienced two cases of neurogenic bladder in which clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) had been performed since early childhood. In both cases, CIC had not provided adequate voiding control and incontinence persisted. According to the Mitrofanoff Principle, we used the appendix as a catheterizable conduit, which was constructed to the umbilicus.
Experimental and clinical trial of measuring urinary velocity with the pitot tube and a transrectal ultrasound guided video urodynamic system
Authors: TSUJIMOTO YUKIO , NOSE YORIHITO , OHBA KENKICHI 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground : The pitot tube is a common device to measure flow velocity. If the pitot tube is used as an urodynamic catheter, urinary velocity and urethral pressure may be measured simultaneously. However, to our knowledge, urodynamic studies with the pitot tube have not been reported. We experimentally and clinically evaluated the feasibility of the pitot tube to measure urinary velocity with a transrectal ultrasound guided video urodynamic system.Methods : We carried out a basal experiment measuring flow velocity in model urethras of 4.5–8.0 mm in inner diameter with a 12‐Fr pitot tube. In a clinical trial, 79 patients underwent transrectal ultrasound guided video urodynamic studies with the 12‐Fr pitot tube. Urinary velocity was calculated from dynamic pressure (Pd) with the pitot tube formula and the correcting equation according to the results of the basal experiment.Results : Velocity measured by the pitot tube was proportional to the average velocity in model urethras and the coefficients were determined by diameters of model urethras. We obtained a formula to calculate urinary velocity from the basal experiment. The urinary velocity could be obtained in 32 of 79 patients. Qmax was 8.1 ± 4.3 mL/s (mean ± SD; range, 18.4–1.3 mL/s), urethral diameter was 7.3 ± 3.0 mm (mean ± SD; range, 18.7–4.3 mm) and urinary velocity was 69.4 ± 43.6 (mean ± SD; range, 181.3–0 cm/s) at maximum flow rate. The correlation coefficient of Qmax measured by a flowmeter versus Qdv flow rate calculated with urethral diameter and velocity was 0.41 without significant difference.Conclusion : The use of the pitot tube as an urodynamic catheter to a transrectal ultrasound‐guided video urodynamic system can measure urethral pressure, diameter and urinary velocity simultaneously. However, a thinner pitot tube and further clinical trials are needed to obtain more accurate results.
Erythropoietin‐producing renal cell carcinoma in chronic hemodialysis patients: A report of two cases
Authors: SAKAMOTO SHINICHI , IGARASHI TATSUO , OSUMI NOBUYUKI , IMAMOTO TAKASHI , TOBE TOYOFUSA , KAMIYA MAKOTO , ITO HARUO 
Published: March 2003

AbstractErythropoietin (EPO)‐producing renal cell carcinomas in two hemodialysis patients are reported. Despite deteriorated kidney function, these patients did not manifest anemia at diagnosis and their elevated serum EPO levels rapidly returned to within the normal range after nephrectomy. Immunohistochemical staining of the resected specimens showed production of erythropoietin in the tumor cells in one case and in the lining cells of the cyst wall in the other case. Renal cell carcinoma could cause an increase of blood hematocrit level in dialysis patients.
Protecting spermatogonia from apoptosis induced by doxorubicin using the luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone analog leuprorelin
Authors: ENDO FUMIYASU , MANABE FUMIO , TAKESHIMA HITOSHI , AKAZA HIDEYUKI 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Purpose:
The present study was performed to investigate the protective effect of leuprorelin (LH‐RH analog), on spermatogonia apoptosis induced by doxorubicin (DXR) in the Sprague–Dawley rat model.
Methods:
Twenty‐four adult male rats were divided into the following four groups: (i) control group; (ii) group given doxorubicin (intravenous injection, 8 mg/kg); (iii) group given leuprorelin (subcutaneous injection, 3 mg/kg); and (iv) group given both doxorubicin (intravenous injection, 8 mg/kg) and leuprorelin (subcutaneous injection, 3 mg/kg). Evaluation for quantification of apoptotic spermatogonia was made by the ratio of TUNEL‐labeled spermatogonia versus 100 Sertoli cells in each seminiferous tubule. Two hundred seminiferous tubules of each rat were assessed.
Results:
The ratio of apoptotic spermatogonia versus 100 Sertoli cells at stages II–IV of the groups given DXR (groups 2 and 4) were significantly higher than those of the other groups. However, the value at stages II–IV of the group given both DXR and leuprorelin (group 4) was significantly lower than that of the group given DXR (group 2).
Conclusion:
The significant prophylactic effect (P < 0.05) of LH‐RH analog against doxorubicin‐induced spermatogonial apoptosis was observed in a stage specific manner by microscopic evaluation with TUNEL.
Oxidative state and zona‐binding ability in mouse spermatozoa treated with reduced glutathione
Authors: Mizuno Kaoruko , Hirata Shuji , Kasai Tsuyoshi , Nagai Seiichiro , Ohta Shoji , Hoshi Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2003

Background and Aims: Nuclear proteins in mature mammalian spermatozoa nuclei are oxidized to form numerous disulfide bonds. Reduced glutathione (GSH) in the oocyte has been linked to spermatozoan nuclear decondensation after fertilization. In this study, we analyzed whether GSH reduced protamines in sperm nuclei in vitro, and examined the zona‐binding ability of treated nuclei.Methods:  Three groups of mouse cauda epididymal spermatozoa were prepared. The first group was cultured in Chatot–Tasca–Ziomek (CZB; control group), the second in 10 mmol/L GSH (GSH group), and the third group was the GSH group re‐cultured in CZB (re‐cultured group). Each sperm was stained with acridine orange, and the oxidative and reductive state of nuclei was analyzed by using fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, we examined the zona‐binding ability for each group by insemination to mouse oocytes after exposure to hyaluronidase.Results:  All sperm nuclei from the control group displayed an oxidized pattern (green), and those from the GSH group displayed a reduced pattern (red), attributable to reduced protamines. Sperm nuclei from the re‐cultured group displayed the oxidized pattern. Although the zona‐binding ability of the GSH group was deteriorated compared with the control group sperm, no significant differences were observed between the control and re‐cultured groups.Conclusion:  From these results, in vitro reduced sperm were shown to be oxidized in CZB. A reduction of mouse spermatozoa in vitro by GSH is, therefore, reversible, and the oxidative state of sperm nuclei exerts an effect on zona‐binding ability. (Reprod Med Biol 2002; 1: 55–58)
Improving medical diagnoses by understanding how they are made
Authors: Sutherland D. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWhile a correct diagnosis is essential to appropriate patient management, scant attention is paid to the processes by which medical diagnoses are arrived at. While mismanagement may arise from a lack of relevant knowledge or the misuse of available data, this is probably uncommon. In many cases in which diagnistic errors occur, an initial faulty triggering of an inappropriate hypothesis is followed by a premature closure, excluding the search for further data that might be relevant to the diagnostic process. Often this is followed by anchoring, so that even when additional relevant data becomes avail­able, the new information is ignored, and the original, faulty diagnosis is retained. Disturbingly, these errors may not be a reflection of lack of training or experience, and must be guarded against by even the most senior clinicians. Perhaps a systematic review of ­diagnostic accuracy should become a routine part of institutional quality assurance programmes. (Intern Med J 2002; 32: 277−280)
The Victorian CPAP Program: is there a need for additional education and support?
Authors: Manser R. L. , Naughton M. T. , Pierce R. J. , Sasse A. , Teichtahl H. , Ho M. , Campbell D. A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background : The Victorian Continuous Positive Airways Pressure (CPAP) Program provides CPAP services to financially disadvantaged individ­uals with moderate to severe sleep apnoea.Aims : To evaluate health outcomes in patients referred to the pilot program in order to: (i) assess the magnitude of health benefit from treatment in this highly selected population and (ii) identify patient characteristics or factors related to service provision that may influence outcome.Methods : We adopted a simple before−after research design. Patients who were referred to the program were recruited from five sleep centres. Questionnaires were administered at baseline and 1 and 3 months after commencing CPAP. Generic and disease‐­specific quality of life were assessed using the MOS 36‐Item Short‐form Health Survey and the Sleep Apnoea Quality‐of‐life Index, respectively. Sub­jective daytime sleepiness was measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Sleep−Wake Activity ­Inventory.Results : Of the 68 subjects enrolled in the study, 59 were available for follow up. There were significant improvements in daytime sleepiness (P < 0.0005). Treatment‐related symptoms had a negative impact on overall disease‐specific quality of life, how­ever there were significant improvements in all other domains of disease‐specific quality of life (P < 0.0005). Improvements in generic quality of life were small but statistically significant (P < 0.05). Hospital, disease severity, baseline sleepiness, gender and CPAP‐machine type were not predictors of outcome (P > 0.05).Conclusion : This review of the Victorian CPAP Program identified significant improvements in sub­jective daytime sleepiness and quality of life, despite the negative impact of treatment‐related symptoms. Future research should explore whether services can be modified to help reduce the impact of treatment‐related side‐effects. (Intern Med J 2002; 32: 526−532)