bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of coronary stent thrombosis with rheolytic thrombectomy: Results from a multicenter experience
Authors: Silva Jose A. , White Christopher J. , Ramee Stephen R. , Collins Tyrone J. , Jenkins J. Stephen , Ho Kalon , Baim Donald S. , Carrozza Joseph P. , Rinfret Stephane , Setum Cindy M. , Popma Jeffrey J. , Kuntz Richard E. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of rheolytic thrombectomy (RT) for treatment of coronary stent thrombosis. Stent thrombosis is an infrequent but potentially devastating complication. Conventional treatment with balloon angioplasty and/or thrombolysis has yielded suboptimal results. RT was used to treat 18 patients (mean age, 62 ± 8 years; 72% male) with in‐stent thrombosis (mean time to stent thrombosis, 2.4 ± 1.8 days). Device success, procedure success, in‐hospital and 30‐day major cardiovascular events (MACE) were assessed in the hospital and at 30 days. Device success was obtained in 94% and procedure success was achieved in 100% of patients. Following RT, 11 patients underwent balloon angioplasty and 7 patients received additional stents. TIMI 3 coronary flow was obtained in 94.4% and all (100%) patients achieved either TIMI 2 or 3 coronary flow. The angiographic thrombus area decreased from 113.7 ± 79 to 5.5 ± 5.7 mm2 after RT, and to 0.9 ± 2.1 mm2 (P < 0.001) after final treatment. Procedural complications were limited to transient no‐reflow in five patients. Only one patient evolved a Q‐wave MI. At 30 days of follow‐up, no patients suffered death, emergent bypass surgery, or stroke. Our data suggest that the adjunctive use of rheolytic thrombectomy offers improved outcomes compared to prior results of intervention after coronary stent thrombosis and should be strongly considered as a treatment option for this complication. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;58:11–17. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Change of the mechanical properties of two different balloon catheters with increasing numbers of cycles of resterilization
Authors: Unverdorben Martin , Quaden René , Werner Christian , Bloss Peter , Degenhardt Ralf , Ackermann Hanns , Vallbracht Christian 
Published: January 2003

AbstractAn increasing number of centers are reusing PTCA catheters even though manufacturers warrant single use only. This prospective bench laboratory trial addresses the quality of PTCA balloon catheters after up to three resterilization cycles in order to determine whether a larger trial is warranted to discern whether catheters should be reused. Forty PTCA catheters from two different manufacturers (nominal diameters 1.5 and 3.0 mm) were taken from the shelf. An independent institute tested mechanical properties such as burst pressure, nominal diameter, crossing profile, and balloon surface. The crossing profile increased by 22.5%–39.2% with no additional deterioration after repeated sterilizations. The nominal diameter either increased or decreased by a maximum of 47%. In all 1.5 mm balloons, the burst pressure remained above the manufacturers' values, whereas in the 3.0 mm balloons, the value dropped below the rated burst pressure in 40%–50% of the trials. In conclusion, in both catheter types analyzed, reuse was associated with a considerably worse quality, which puts in question their routine clinical use. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;58:29–33. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcatheter occlusion of ruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm: Innovative use of available technology
Authors: Rao P. Syamasundar , Bromberg Burt I. , Jureidini Saadeh B. , Fiore Andrew C. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA 9‐year‐old boy was found to have ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (RSVA) and aortic coarctation. Following relief of aortic coarctation by balloon angioplasty, transcatheter coil occlusion of the RSVA was performed successfully under transesophageal echocardiographic and fluoroscopic monitoring; bioptome‐assisted delivery of 0.052″ Gianturco coil was undertaken via a 7 Fr sheath stabilized by an 0.035″ guidewire passing through the RSVA and the sheath. This report details the technique of occlusion. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;58:130–134. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coronary abscess: A complication of stenting
Authors: Liu Jayson C. , Cziperle David J. , Kleinman Bruce , Loeb Henry 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWe report the case of a 72‐year‐old male who underwent primary angioplasty for an acute myocardial infarction and developed a coronary stent infection with Staphylococcus aureus. The patient was treated with a prolonged course of IV antibiotics and underwent debridement and partial stent extraction successfully. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;58:69–71. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carotid brachytherapy for in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Chan Albert W. , Roffi Marco , Mukherjee Debabrata , Bajzer Christopher T. , Abou‐Chebl Alex , Ciezki Jay , Bhatt Deepak L. , Ghaffari Sasan , Yadav Jay S. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractCarotid stenting has emerged as an alternative revascularization modality to endarterectomy for the treatment of carotid artery disease. Restenosis of a carotid stent may be occasionally seen. Our experience in intravascular radiation therapy for coronary restenosis has provided us the opportunity to explore this treatment strategy for carotid restenosis. We report our initial experience with brachytherapy for the treatment of restenosis after carotid stenting. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;58:86–92. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular lining of the sheep pineal recess studied by light‐, transmission‐, and scanning electron microscopy: Morphologic indications for a direct secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland to the cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Tricoire Hélène , Malpaux Benoit , Møller Morten 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn the sheep, the pineal hormone melatonin displays nocturnal levels 20 times as high in the cerebrospinal fluid of the third ventricle as in the jugular blood. Moreover, in the pineal recess, the evagination of the third ventricle into the pineal stalk, the levels of melatonin in the cerebrospinal fluid are even higher than in the ventral part of the third ventricle. This finding suggests melatonin to be secreted directly from the pineal gland to the ventricular lumen of the pineal recess of this species. We have, therefore, studied the interface between the sheep pineal gland and the cerebrospinal fluid by light‐, scanning‐, and electron microscopy of the pineal recess, as well as the permeability of the interface by tracer injections into the third ventricle. First, we show that the classic ependymal lining of the third ventricle disappears in the superior part of the recess. In this area, bulging pinealocytes, displaying immunoreactivity for serotonin, directly appose the cerebrospinal fluid. This pineal–cerebrospinal fluid interface of the sheep is large compared with other species, especially rodent species. Intraventricular injections of horseradish peroxidase and fluorescein isothiocyanate showed that both these tracers could permeate from the pineal recess into the sheep pineal parenchyma. This permeation was due to the presence of gap and intermediate junctions connecting the pinealocytes apposing the ventricular lumen. Thus, our results show that endocrine cells in this specialized area of the ventricular system are in direct contact with the cerebrospinal fluid. This finding supports the physiological concept of a direct secretion of melatonin into the cerebrospinal fluid of the sheep pineal recess. J. Comp. Neurol. 456:39–47, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early development of the Drosophila brain: IV. Larval neuropile compartments defined by glial septa
Authors: Younossi‐Hartenstein Amelia , Salvaterra Paul M. , Hartenstein Volker 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn this study, we have analyzed the architecture of the brain neuropile of the Drosophila larva, which is formed by two main structural elements: long axon tracts and terminal axonal/dendritic arborizations carrying synapses. By using several molecular markers expressed in neurons and glial cells, we show that the early larval neuropile is subdivided by glial sheaths into numerous compartments. The three‐dimensional layout of these compartments and their relationship to the pattern of long axon tracts described in the accompanying article (Nassif et al. [2003] J. Comp. Neurol 417–434) was modeled by using a three‐dimensional illustration computer software. On the basis of their location relative to each other and to long axon tracts, larval brain compartments can be identified with compartments defined by structural and functional criteria for the adult fly brain. We find that small precursors of most of the compartments of the adult central brain can be identified in the early larva. Changes in brain compartmental organization occurring during larval growth are described. Neuropile compartments, representing easily identifiable landmark structures, will assist in future analyses of Drosophila brain development in which the exact location of neurons and their axonal trajectories is of importance. J. Comp. Neurol. 455:435–450, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early development of the Drosophila brain: V. Pattern of postembryonic neuronal lineages expressing DE‐cadherin
Authors: Dumstrei Karin , Wang Fay , Nassif Claude , Hartenstein Volker 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe Drosophila E‐cadherin homolog, DE‐cadherin, is expressed postembryonically by brain neuroblasts and their lineages of neurons (“secondary lineages”). DE‐cadherin appears in neuroblasts as soon as they can be identified by their increase in size and then remains expressed uninterruptedly throughout larval life. DE‐cadherin remains transiently expressed in the cell bodies and axons of neurons produced by neuroblast proliferation. In general, axons of neurons belonging to one lineage form tight bundles. The trajectories of these bundles are correlated with the location of the neuronal lineages to which they belong. Thus, axon bundles of lineages that are neighbors in the cortex travel parallel to each other and reach the neuropile at similar positions. It is, therefore, possible to assign coherent groups of neuroblasts and their lineages to the individual neuropile compartments and long axon tracts introduced in the accompanying articles (Nassif et al. [2003] J Comp Neurol 455:417–434; Younossi‐Hartenstein et al. [2003] J Comp Neurol 455:435–450). In this study, we have reconstructed the pattern of secondary lineages and their projection in relationship to the compartments and Fasciclin II–positive long axon tracts. Based on topology and axonal trajectory, the lineages of the central brain can be subdivided into 11 groups that can be followed throughout successive larval stages. The map of larval lineages and their axonal projection will be important for future studies on postembryonic neurogenesis in Drosophila. It also lays a groundwork for investigating the role of DE‐cadherin in larval brain development. J. Comp. Neurol. 455:451–462, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular characterization of the cDNA and localization of the mRNA encoding the prohormone convertase PC5‐A in the European green frog
Authors: Gangnon Françoise , Jégou Sylvie , Vallarino Mauro , Vieau Didier , Vaudry Hubert 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe structure and distribution of PC5‐A, a prohormone convertase that is thought to be involved in post‐translational processing of peptide hormone and neuropeptide precursors, have not been investigated in submammalian vertebrates. In the present study, we characterized the cDNA encoding PC5‐A in the European green frog Rana esculenta. The frog PC5‐A cDNA encodes a 913‐amino acid protein that encompasses a 28‐amino acid signal peptide, the Asp/His/Ser catalytic triad found in all serine proteinases of the subtilisin family, and two potential N‐linked glycosylation sites located in a C‐terminal cysteine‐rich domain. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction amplification showed that PC5‐A mRNA is expressed in various organs including the brain, spinal cord, pituitary, lung, liver, intestine, and testis, but not in the stomach and pancreas. The distribution of PC5‐A mRNA in the frog brain was studied by in situ hybridization histochemistry. Intense expression was observed in the mitral cellular layer of the olfactory bulb, the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, the anterior preoptic area, and the suprachiasmatic and ventral hypothalamic nuclei. The expression pattern of PC5‐A mRNA in the central nervous system of anuran amphibians was consistent with the implication of this prohormone convertase in the processing of various neuropeptide precursors. J. Comp. Neurol. 456:60–72, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunocytochemical description of five bipolar cell types of the mouse retina
Authors: Haverkamp Silke , Ghosh Krishna K. , Hirano Arlene A. , Wässle Heinz 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWith the ever‐growing number of transgenic mice being used in vision research, a precise knowledge of the cellular organization of the mouse retina is required. As with the cat, rabbit, rat, and primate retinae, as many as 10 cone bipolar types and one rod bipolar type can be expected to exist in the mouse retina; however, they still have to be defined. In the current study, several immunocytochemical markers were applied to sections of mouse retina, and the labeling of bipolar cells was studied using confocal microscopy and electron microscopy. By using antibodies against the neurokinin‐3 receptor NK3R; the plasma membrane calcium ATPase1 (PMCA1); and the calcium (Ca)‐binding proteins CaB1, CaB5, caldendrin, and recoverin, three different OFF‐cone bipolar cells could be identified. One type of ON‐cone bipolar cell was identified through its immunoreactivity for CaB5 and PMCA1. Rod bipolar cells, comparable in morphology to those of other mammalian retinae, expressed protein kinase Cα and CaB5. It was also shown that putative OFF‐cone bipolar cells receive light signals through flat contacts at the cone pedicle base, whereas ON‐cone bipolar signaling involves invaginating contacts. The distribution of the kainate receptor subunit GluR5 was studied by confocal and electron microscopy. GluR5 was expressed at flat bipolar cell contacts; however, it appears to be involved with only certain types of OFF‐cone bipolar cells. This suggests that different bipolar cell types receive their light signals through different sets of glutamate receptors. J. Comp. Neurol. 455:463–476, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apoptosis following peripheral sensory deafferentation in the olfactory bulb of adult zebrafish
Authors: Vankirk Akiko M. , Byrd Christine A. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractRemoval of the olfactory organ in adult zebrafish results in a significant decrease in volume of the ipsilateral olfactory bulb. The current study investigated the potential role of apoptosis in this phenomenon. It was hypothesized that cells in the adult olfactory bulb normally undergo minimal apoptosis and that apoptosis increases upon removal of sensory stimulation. By using both the terminal transferase‐mediated deoxyuridine nick‐end labeling method and bis‐benzimide labeling, the current study showed that, in the normal adult olfactory bulb, cells exhibiting apoptotic profiles were scarce and were localized to the outer layers of the bulb. However, in deafferented animals, there was a significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells. The apoptotic response occurred in two phases and was confined to the rostral half of the bulb. The first phase of cell death peaked at 1 hour postsurgery. These apoptotic profiles appeared to be primarily nonneuronal in nature, in that they exhibited no immunohistochemical labeling to the neuron‐specific protein Hu. The second phase of cell death peaked at 24 hours and declined to normal levels by 1 week. At the 24 hour time point, only a fraction of the apoptotic cells was neuronal in nature. Thus, apoptosis of nonneuronal and neuronal elements accounts for at least part of the deafferentation‐induced volume decrease in the zebrafish olfactory bulb. This model of anterograde transneuronal degeneration will be useful in elucidating the afferent signals involved in survival and maintenance of mature brain neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 455:488–498, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryological origins and development of the rat diaphragm
Authors: Babiuk Randal P. , Zhang Wei , Clugston Robin , Allan Douglas W. , Greer John J. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractTextbooks of embryology provide a standard set of drawings and text reflecting the traditional interpretation of phrenic nerve and diaphragm development based on anatomical dissections of embryonic tissue. Here, we revisit this issue, taking advantage of immunohistochemical markers for muscle precursors in conjunction with mouse mutants to perform a systematic examination of phrenic‐diaphragm embryogenesis. This includes examining the spatiotemporal relationship of phrenic axon outgrowth and muscle precursors during different stages of myogenesis. Additionally, mutant mice lacking c‐met receptors were used to visualize the mesenchymal substratum of the developing diaphragm in the absence of myogenic cells. We found no evidence for contributions to the diaphragm musculature from the lateral body wall, septum transversum, or esophageal mesenchyme, as standard dogma would state. Nor did the data support the hypothesis that the crural diaphragm is of distinct embryological origins. Rather, we found that myogenic cells and axons destined to form the neuromuscular component of the diaphragm coalesce within the pleuroperitoneal fold (PPF). It is the expansion of these components of the PPF that leads to the formation of the diaphragm. Furthermore, we extended these studies to examine the developing diaphragm in an animal model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We find that malformation of the PPF mesenchymal substratum leads to the defect characteristic of CDH. In summary, the data demonstrates that a significant revision of narratives describing normal and pathological development of the diaphragm is warranted. J. Comp. Neurol. 455:477–487, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A group of glutamatergic interneurons expressing high levels of both neurokinin‐1 receptors and somatostatin identifies the region of the pre‐Bötzinger complex
Authors: Stornetta Ruth L. , Rosin Diane L. , Wang Hong , Sevigny Charles P. , Weston Matthew C. , Guyenet Patrice G. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe pre‐Bötzinger complex (pre‐BötC) is a physiologically defined group of ventrolateral medullary neurons that plays a central role in respiratory rhythm generation. These cells are located in a portion of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) that is difficult to identify precisely for lack of a specific marker. We sought to determine whether somatostatin (SST) might be a marker for this region. The rat pre‐BötC area was defined as a 500‐μm‐long segment of ventrolateral medulla coextensive with the ventral respiratory group. This region was identified by juxtacellular labeling of neurons with respiratory‐related activity and by its location rostral to the phrenic premotor neurons. It contained most of the SST‐ir neuronal somata of the RVLM. These cells were small (107 μm2) and expressed high levels of preprosomatostatin mRNA. They were strongly neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R)‐ir and were selectively destroyed by saporin conjugated with an NK1R agonist (SSP‐SAP). Most SST‐ir neurons (>90%) contained vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) mRNA, and terminals immunoreactive for SST and VGLUT2 protein were found in their midst. Few SST‐ir neurons contained GAD‐67 mRNA (<1%) or preproenkephalin mRNA (6%). Retrograde labeling experiments demonstrated that over 75% of the SST‐ir neurons project to the contralateral pre‐BötC area, but none projects to the spinal cord. In conclusion, the RVLM contains many neurons that express preprosomatostatin mRNA. A subgroup of these cells contains high levels of SST and NK1R immunoreactivity in their somata. These glutamatergic interneurons identify a narrow region of the RVLM that appears to be coextensive with the pre‐BötC of adult rats. J. Comp. Neurol. 455:499–512, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cortical and brainstem neurons containing calcium‐binding proteins in a murine model of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy: Selective changes in the sensorimotor cortex
Authors: Carretta Donatella , Santarelli Marialaura , Vanni Duccio , Ciabatti Sonia , Sbriccoli Alessandro , Pinto Francesco , Minciacchi Diego 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn the muscular dystrophic (mdx) mouse, which is characterized by deficient dystrophin expression and provides a model of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, we previously demonstrated marked central nervous system alterations and in particular a quantitative reduction of corticospinal and rubrospinal neurons and pathologic changes of these cells. Prompted by these findings and in view of the relations between calcium ions and dystrophin, we analyzed with immunohistochemistry the neurons containing the calcium‐binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin D28k, and calretinin in cortical areas and brainstem nuclei of mdx mice. In the sensorimotor cortex, parvalbumin‐positive and calbindin‐positive neurons, which represent a subset of cortical interneurons, were significantly more numerous in mdx mice than in wild‐type ones. In addition, the laminar distribution of parvalbumin‐positive neurons in the motor and somatosensory cortical areas of mdx mice was altered with respect to wild‐type animals. No alterations in the number and distribution were found in the parvalbumin‐ or calbindin‐expressing cell populations of the visual and anterior cingulate cortices of mdx mice. The pattern of calretinin immunoreactivity was normal in all investigated cortical areas. The cell populations containing either calcium‐binding protein were similar in brainstem nuclei of mdx and wild‐type mice. The present findings demonstrated selective changes of subsets of interneurons in the motor and somatosensory cortical areas of mdx mice. Therefore, the data showed that, in the cortices of these mutant animals, the previously demonstrated pathologic changes of corticospinal cell populations are accompanied by marked alterations in the local circuitry. J. Comp. Neurol. 456:48–59, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of androgen receptor mRNA in the late embryonic and early posthatch zebra finch brain
Authors: Perlman William R. , Ramachandran Baskaran , Arnold Arthur P. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractZebra finch males sing and females do not, and the underlying neural circuitry in males is more developed than that in females. Sex steroid hormones influence the development of sex differences in this circuitry, including differences in androgen receptor (AR) expression, although the role of androgens has been controversial. We isolated a cDNA encoding a portion of the zebra finch AR and used in situ hybridization to examine the spatiotemporal pattern of AR mRNA expression in the brain during late embryonic development and at hatching. We detected AR mRNA in all the major subdivisions of the brain as early as embryonic day 10. No qualitative sex differences in AR mRNA expression patterns were observed. Cells lining the ventral arm of the lateral telencephalic ventricles expressed AR mRNA on embryonic day 11 and posthatching day 1, as did cells lining the third ventricle at all three developmental stages examined, suggesting that androgens may play a role in early stages of cellular proliferation, migration, or differentiation. AR mRNA was also detected in the hippocampus, neostriatum, septum, ventromedial archistriatum, hypothalamic regions, dorsal mesencephalon, and in and around the brainstem nucleus tracheosyringealis. Our results suggested that androgens act early in neural development and therefore may contribute to the process of sexual differentiation. J. Comp. Neurol. 455:513–530, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.