bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiorespiratory and metabolic reactions during entrance into torpor in dormice, Glis glis
Authors: Elvert Ralf , Heldmaier Gerhard 
Published: March 2005

SUMMARY
Dormice voluntarily enter torpor at ambient temperatures ranging between 0–28°C. This study describes heart rate, ventilation frequency,O2-consumption (defined as metabolic rate),CO2-production and body temperature during entrance into torpor. Their temporal relationship was analysed during the time course of metabolic depression at different ambient temperatures. Body temperature and heart rate were measured in unrestrained dormice with implanted transmitter. Ventilation frequency was monitored by total body plethysmography or infrared video monitoring. To compare entries into torpor at different Tathese periods were distinguished into four different phases: the resting phase prior to torpor, the phase of pre-torpor adjustments, the reduction phase and the phase of steady state torpor. In the pre-torpor phase, dormice increased their ventilation, metabolic rate and heart rate, indicating that the torpid state is initiated by an enhanced metabolic activity for about an hour. This was followed by a rapid reduction of ventilation, metabolism and heart rate,which reached their minimum values long before body temperature completed its decline. The results of the present study show that the entrance into torpor is caused by an active respiratory, cardiac and metabolic depression.
Highly Aqueous-dispersible Carbon Black Grafted with SAS and AA Copolymers
Authors: Zhao Jian-Yi , Wang Cheng-Yang 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Carbon black grafted with copolymer of AA and SAS exhibits significant dispersibility in water. Although the grafting ratio is low, sulfonic groups of SAS can effectively stabilize carbon black when dispersed in aqueous media. The advantage of this method is that only low grafting ratio is needed, thus avoiding the complex procedure for high grafting ratio.
Catalyst-free Gas-phase Epoxidation of Alkenes
Authors: Berndt Torsten , Böge Olaf 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Butadiene, styrene, cyclohexene, allyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, and allyl alcohol were epoxidized in a gas-phase reaction in the absence of a catalyst. The applied oxidizing agent is ozone. With exception of allyl alcohol (selectivity to glycidol: 58%), the selectivity to the corresponding epoxide ranged from 88 to 97%. For acrylonitrile, there was no measureable conversion.
Excess Oxygen in 12CaO·7Al2O3 Studied by Thermogravimetric Analysis
Authors: Hayashi Katsuro , Hirano Masahiro , Hosono Hideo 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Oxygen radial (O2−, O−)-accommodated 12CaO·7Al2O3 (C12A7) releases oxygen molecules at about 800 °C when heated in helium. The corresponding weight loss nearly accords with that calculated from an amount of the accommodated radicals, providing solid evidence that they are formed by an oxygen gas uptake from the atmosphere. Small difference between the observed and calculated losses suggests the presence of peroxide ion, O22−, which is confirmed by the enhancement of 770 cm−1 band in Raman spectra of the radical-accommodated samples.
Hexagonal Ring Submicro- and Nanocrystals of a La–Hexacyanoferrate Coordination Polymer
Authors: Kondo Nobuyuki , Kurihara Masato , Yamada Mami , Miyake Mikio , Nishijima Masahiko , Ohsuna Tetsu , Mizukami Fujio , Sakamoto Masatomi 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Hexagonal disk crystals of a La–hexacyanoferrate coordination polymer were obtained by reversed micelle technique. The {001} surface capping of the surfactants leads to the hexagonal disk shape evolution with the completely developed {001} surface. The hexagonal disks are changed into hexagonal rings through spontaneous and anisotropic surface etching along the [001] direction from both sides of the hexagonal disk.
Preparation, Characterization, and Electroluminescence Characteristics of α-Diimine-type Platinum(II) Complexes with Perfluorinated Phenyl Groups as Ligands
Authors: Nishida Jun-ichi , Maruyama Akihiro , Iwata Takeshi , Yamashita Yoshiro 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The α-diimine-type platinum(II) complexes having bulky perfluorinated phenyl groups were prepared and the molecular and crystal structures were revealed by X-ray analysis. They showed phosphorescence and electron-accepting properties. The organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices showing green luminescence were fabricated.
Control of Pore Size in Mesoporous Silica by Incremental Surface Modification Using Tetramethyl Orthosilicate
Authors: Ishimaru Ryohei , Shibasaki Yusuke , Hara Michikazu , Ueda Mitsuru , Domen Kazunari , N. Kondo Junko 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The pore size of mesoporous silica is precisely controlled by repeated surface treatment with tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) and water. This surface treatment produces a silica monolayer by reaction between surface hydroxy groups and TMOS, and successive water treatment regenerates the surface silanol groups ready for further TMOS modification. This treatment method reduces the pore size of SBA-15 mesoporous silica incrementally by ca. 0.5 nm per treatment step, while preserving the original hexagonal pore structure.
White-emitting Long-lasting Phosphor Sr2SiO4:Dy3+
Authors: Kuang Jinyong , Liu Yingliang 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
A white-emitting long-lasting phosphor is synthesized by the conventional high temperature solid-state method. After irradiation by 185 or 210 nm UV light for 1 min, the Dy3+-doped Sr2SiO4 phosphor emits white color long-lasting phosphorescence, and the phosphorescence can be seen with the naked eye in the dark clearly for more than 1 h even after the irradiation source has been removed. XRD, PL, and TL spectra are used to characterize this phosphor. It is considered that the long-lasting phosphorescence is due to persistent energy transfer from the e-traps to the Dy3+ ions to create the white-emitting long-lasting phosphorescence.
Fabrication of Ferroelectric Self-assembled Fluorinated Polyether Monolayer on Hydrogen-terminated Si(111) Surface
Authors: Okano Takashi , Inari Hirofumi , Ishizaki Takahiro , Saito Nagahiro , Sakamoto Wataru , Takai Osamu 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Covalently bonded ferroelectric self-assembled monolayers on silicon surface were fabricated via hydrosilylation of terminally allylated and propargylated fluorine-containing polyether adsorbates on hydrogen-terminated Si(111) substrates. Incomplete polarization—electric field loops indicating ferroelectric property were observed in a range of bias voltage ±300 mV.
Lewis Base-catalyzed Diastereoselective Strecker-type Reaction between Trimethylsilyl Cyanide and Chiral Sulfinimines
Authors: Takahashi Eiki , Fujisawa Hidehiko , Yanai Toshiharu , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Lewis base-catalyzed diastereoselective Strecker-type reaction between trimethylsilyl cyanide and chiral sulfinimines derived from commercially available (S)-(+)-p-toluenesulfinamide and aliphatic aldehydes proceeded smoothly by using a catalytic amount of tetra-n-butylammonium acetate in DMF to afford the corresponding α-amino nitriles with (Ss,R)-configurations in good to high yields and diastereoselectivities.
A New and Facile Route for the Synthesis of Thiocarbamates from Aniline, Carbon Monoxide, and Thiols Mediated by Selenium
Authors: Zhang Xiaopeng , Lu Shiwei 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
A new and facile route for the synthesis of thiocarbamates was reported. Mediated by selenium, aniline reacts very readily with carbon monoxide and thiols in the presence of triethylamine, to afford the corresponding thiocarbamates mostly in moderate to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Selenium can be easily recovered and recycled.
Significance of bifid epiglottis
Authors: Stevens Cathy A. , Ledbetter Joel C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBifid epiglottis is a rare anomaly, which is heterogeneous and is often associated with other anomalies, particularly polydactyly. It has been reported in 40% of patients with Pallister–Hall syndrome and rarely in other syndromes. We report two brothers with bifid epiglottis who also have features suggestive of Bardet–Biedl syndrome. We also review the features seen in 22 patients reported in the literature with bifid epiglottis. No patient had bifid epiglottis as an isolated anomaly. Other malformations include clefts, micropenis, renal abnormalities, anal malformations, hypospadias, hypothalamic hamartomas, hypopituitarism, heart defects, and Hirschprung disease. Bifid epiglottis may be an under‐recognized feature of Bardet–Biedl syndrome and should be considered in these patients, particularly if there are airway symptoms. Many of the anomalies associated with bifid epiglottis have potentially serious consequences and thus, a thorough evaluation of the patient with bifid epiglottis is warranted. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of physical and dielectric properties of chloroprene and styrene butadiene rubber blends
Authors: Das Amit , Basu Dipak Kumar 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe influence of bis(diisopropyl) thiophosphoryl disulfide, a multifunctional rubber additive, on the curing characteristics and physical properties of polychloroprene rubber and styrene butadiene rubber blends was studied. It is evident from the study that covulcanization of SBR and CR following a two‐stage process leads to the development of improved physical properties of the vulcanizates. Dielectric and scanning electron microscopy study supports the occurrence of coherence of the dissimilar rubber blends. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1492–1504, 2005
Synthesis of alicyclic polymers and characterization of chemical amplified positive photoresists having the same
Authors: Liu Jui‐Hsiang , Hsieh Ching‐Dong , Tseng Chun‐Chieh 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTo investigate the effects of cyclic structures of polymers on the physical properties of photoresist, a series of copolymers consisting of various comonomers selected from 3,6‐endo,oxo‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (THPA), bornyl methacrylate (BMA), methacrylic acid (MA), t‐butyl methacrylate (t‐BMA), and 2‐norborene (NB) was synthesized. The molecular weight, glass transition temperature, and the components of the synthesized copolymers were estimated. Photoresists consisting of the synthesized polymers and photoacid generator were prepared. The dependence of the molecular structures on the developers was investigated. The exposure characteristic curves of the photoresists were studied. The existence of the alicyclic comonomers was clearly found to increase the plasma resistance of the photoresist. The sensitivity, contrast, and exposed real image of the prepared photoresists were all investigated. The results obtained suggest that the alicyclic polymers synthesized in this investigation could be used as positive tone photoresists. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1505–1514, 2005
Compounding of nanocomposites by thermokinetic mixing
Authors: Gopakumar T. G. , Pagé D. J. Y. S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractNanocomposites have been prepared by melt mixing poly(propylene) (PP) and different levels of a premixed montmorillonite‐organoclay masterbatch (PP/clay concentrate). Melt mixing was achieved using a Gelimat, a high‐speed thermokinetic mixer. The Gelimat system is designed to handle difficult compounding and dispersion applications and can achieve mixing, heating, and compounding of products within a minute. Therefore, the thermal history of the compounded polymer is short, which limits degradation. The structure and properties of the nanocomposites prepared with a Gelimat were compared to ones prepared with a twin‐screw extruder. The structure and properties of PP/clay nanocomposites were compared by TEM, X‐ray diffraction, mechanical testing, and rheological analysis. Results indicate that a better dispersion of the clay can be achieved by thermokinetic mixing when compared to extrusion, resulting in better mechanical properties. Calculations, based on simplifying assumptions, showed that the shear rates generated in a Gelimat are at least one order higher than those generally generated in an extruder. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1557–1563, 2005
Resin I: Synthesis and characterization of 2,2′‐dihydroxybiphenyl–urea–formaldehyde terpolymers
Authors: Jadhao Manjusha M. , Paliwal L. J. , Bhave N. S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTerpolymer resins (BPhUF) were synthesized by the condensation of 2,2′‐dihydroxybiphenyl [BPh] and urea [U] with formaldehyde [F] in the presence of an acid catalyst and using varied molar ratios of reacting monomers. Terpolymer resin compositions have been determined on the basis of their elemental analysis and the number average molecular weights of these resins were determined by conductometric titration in nonaqueous medium. Viscometric measurements in dimethyl formamide have been carried out with a view to ascertain the characteristic functions and constants. UV‐VIS, IR, and NMR spectra were studied to elucidate the structure. studied to elucidate the structure. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1605–1610, 2005
Temperature effect on the infrared absorption of ferroelectric copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene)
Authors: Wong Y. W. , Leung C. M. , Hui N. M. , Chan H. L. W. , Choy C. L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe intensity of two infrared absorption bands of annealed ferroelectric copolymers [poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene)] in the mid‐infrared high‐frequency region was found to be strongly related to the annealing temperature. The vibration modes in the amorphous phase of the copolymers were considered to account for these two bands. On the other hand, the temperature dependence of the absorption spectra of the copolymers in the heating and cooling cycle was investigated. In the vicinity of the Curie transition, the absorption bands associated with the CH2 vibrations exhibited a shift in frequency. Two bands were identified as shifting to a high frequency, and one band shifted to a low frequency with heating. These three bands were restored to their room‐temperature frequency with cooling. In addition, copolymers of a higher vinylidene fluoride content exhibited a more pronounced thermal hysteresis in terms of a shift in frequency. This was consistent with the electrical behavior of the copolymers. The trends of the frequency shifts suggested that dipole–dipole coupling existed between two adjacent chains in the all‐trans conformation, which originated from the interaction of the CH2 and CF2 dipoles. The coupling diminished as the copolymers underwent a change in phase above the transition temperature. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1662–1666, 2005
LIM‐homeodomain genes as territory markers in the brainstem of adult and developing Xenopus laevis
Authors: Moreno Nerea , Bachy Isabelle , Rétaux Sylvie , González Agustín 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe investigated expression patterns of the LIM‐homeodomain (LIM‐hd) genes x‐Lhx1, x‐Lhx2, x‐Lhx5, and x‐Lhx9 in the brainstem of Xenopus laevis during larval development and in the adult. The two groups of paralogous genes, x‐Lhx1/x‐Lhx5 and x‐Lhx2/x‐Lhx9, showed fundamentally different expression patterns, being expressed in ventral versus dorsal territories of the midbrain and hindbrain, respectively. Indeed, prominent expression of x‐Lhx1/5 was found in the mesencephalic tegmentum and the hindbrain reticular formation, whereas conspicuous x‐Lhx2/9 expression was observed in the torus semicircularis and isthmic nucleus. A few shared expression domains for the two pairs of paralogs included the optic tectum and the anterodorsal and pedunculopontine nuclei. In each structure, expression of the two paralogs was almost identical, indicating that the regulation of their expression in this part of the brain has evolved slightly since gene duplication occurred. Notable exceptions included the expression of x‐Lhx1 but not x‐Lhx5 in the Purkinje cells and the expression of x‐Lhx9 but not x‐Lhx2 in the lateral line nucleus. The analysis of LIM‐hd expression patterns throughout development allowed the origin of given structures in early embryos to be traced back. x‐Lhx1 and x‐Lhx5 were relevant to locate the cerebellar anlage and to follow morphogenesis of the cerebellar plate and cerebellar nuclei. They also highlighted the rhombomeric organization of the hindbrain. On the other hand, x‐Lhx2 and x‐Lhx9 showed a dynamic spatiotemporal pattern relative to tectal development and layering, and x‐Lhx9 was useful to trace back the origin of the isthmus in early development. J. Comp. Neurol. 485:240–254, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The binding affinity of double‐stranded RNA motifs to HIV‐1 Tat protein affects transactivation and the neutralizing capacity of anti‐Tat antibodies elicited after intranasal immunization
Authors: Partidos Charalambos D. , Hoebeke Johan , Moreau Emmanuel , Chaloin Olivier , Tunis Mélanie , Belliard Guillaume , Briand Jean‐Paul , Desgranges Claude , Muller Sylviane 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn this study we examined the hypothesis that the binding affinity of two double‐stranded (ds) RNA motifs to HIV‐1 Tat protein might affect transactivation and the type of anti‐Tat immune responses. Using surface plasmon resonance technology we demonstrated the capacity of the poly(A):poly(U) (pA:pU) motif to bind with high affinity to a totally synthetic Tat protein and to inhibit more efficiently the Tat/transactivation response element (TAR) RNA interaction as compared to the poly(I):poly(C) (pI:pC) motif. Furthermore, the pA:pU motif was tenfold more effective in inhibiting Tat‐driven transactivation than the pI:pC motif. Following intranasal immunization of mice, both dsRNA motifs enhanced the antibody (serum and mucosal) and cellular responses to Tat. However, only the serum samples of mice immunized with Tat + pI:pC inhibited Tat‐driven transactivation. The profile of serum antibody subclasses together with the secreted cytokines by Tat‐stimulated splenocyte cultures indicated that both dsRNA motifs favored the induction of a balanced Th1 and Th2 immune response. The demonstration in this study that two dsRNA motifs had a marked effect on Tat/TAR RNA interaction and on the neutralizing capacity of anti‐Tat specific antibody responses highlights their potential for biological applications and the importance of selecting the appropriate motif as an adjuvant for vaccine design.
Premature death of adult adoptees: Analyses of a case‐cohort sample
Authors: Petersen Liselotte , Andersen Per Kragh , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractGenetic and environmental influence on risk of premature death in adulthood was investigated by estimating the associations in total and cause‐specific mortality of adult Danish adoptees and their biological and adoptive parents. Among all 14,425 non‐familial adoptions formally granted in Denmark during the period 1924 through 1947, we selected the study population according to a case‐cohort sampling design. As the case‐control design, the case‐cohort design has the advantage of economic data collection and little loss in statistical efficiency, but the case‐cohort sample has the additional advantages that rate ratio estimates may be obtained, and re‐use of the cohort sample in future studies of other outcomes is possible. Analyses were performed using Kalbfleisch and Lawless's estimator for hazard ratio, and robust estimation for variances. In the main analyses the sample was restricted to birth years of the adoptees 1924 and after, and age of transfer to the adoptive parents before 7 years, and age at death was restricted to 16 to 70 years. The results showed a higher mortality among adoptees, whose biological parents died in the age range of 16 to 70 years; this was significant for deaths from natural causes, vascular causes and all causes. No influence was seen from early death of adoptive parents, regardless of cause of death. Genet. Epidemiol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of Taiwan's tax‐induced increases in cigarette prices on brand‐switching and the consumption of cigarettes
Authors: Tsai Yi‐Wen , Yang Chung‐Lin , Chen Chin‐Shyan , Liu Tsai‐Ching , Chen Pei‐Fen 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe effect of raising cigarette taxes to reduce smoking has been the subject of several studies, which often treat the price of cigarettes as an exogenous factor given to smokers who respond to it by adjusting their smoking behavior. However, cigarette prices vary with brand and quality, and smokers can and do switch to lower‐priced brands to reduce the impact of the tax on the cost of cigarettes as they try to consume the same number of cigarettes as they had before a tax hike. Using data from a two‐year follow‐up interview survey conducted before and after a new cigarette tax scheme was imposed in Taiwan in 2002, this study examines three behavioral changes smokers may make to respond to tax‐induced cigarette price increase: brand‐switching, amount consumed, and amount spent on smoking. These changes were studied in relation to smoker income, before‐tax cigarette price, level of addiction, exposure to advertizing, and consumer loyalty.We found that smokers, depending upon exposure to advertizing, level of consumer loyalty and initial price of cigarettes, switched brands to maintain current smoking habits and control costs. We also found that the initial amount smoked and level of addiction, not price, at least not at the current levels in Taiwan, determined whether a smoker reduced the number of cigarettes he consumed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Convergence in the trends and cycles of Euro‐zone income
Authors: Carvalho Vasco M. , Harvey Andrew C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMultivariate unobserved components (structural) time series models are fitted to annual post‐war observations on real income per capita in countries in the Euro‐zone. The aim is to establish stylized facts about convergence as it relates both to long‐run and short‐run movements. A new model, in which convergence components are combined with a common trend and similar cycles, is proposed. The convergence components are formulated as a second‐order error correction mechanism; this ensures that the extracted components change smoothly, thereby enabling them to be separated from transitory cycles. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A suggested framework for classifying the modes of cycle research
Authors: Harding Don , Pagan Adrian 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe paper argues that it is important to realize that the concept of a cycle has rarely been precisely articulated in empirical work and that often researchers are using very different definitions of it. We propose a two‐fold classification based upon what series one is measuring a cycle in and how one would recognize a cycle in such a series. The paper illustrates how one can then categorize existing research based upon how it answers these questions. It also shows that the existence and properties of a cycle differ greatly depending upon which of the categories the researcher is using. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.