bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age and comorbidity impact surgical therapy in older bladder carcinoma patients
Authors: Prout George R. , Wesley Margaret N. , Yancik Rosemary , Ries Lynn A. G. , Havlik Richard J. , Edwards Brenda K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDBladder carcinoma often occurs in older patients who also may have other comorbid conditions that could influence the administration of surgical therapy. The current study was conducted to describe the distribution of comorbid conditions in patients with bladder carcinoma and ascertain whether these conditions, as grouped by the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, affected the choice of surgical therapy.METHODSThe authors examined six population‐based cancer registries from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program in 1992. A total of 820 individuals age 55 years and older was found. A random sample of newly diagnosed bladder carcinoma patients were stratified according to registry, age group (ages 55–64 yrs, ages 65–74 yrs, and age 75 yrs and older), and gender. Data regarding comorbid conditions were abstracted from the medical records and merged with routinely collected cancer registry data. The main outcome measures were the prevalence and distribution of comorbid conditions, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, and the receipt of cystectomy in patients with muscle invasion.RESULTSHypertension, chronic pulmonary disease, arthritis, and heart disease were found to affect at least 15% of the study population. Approximately 38% of patients were current or former smokers. Greater than 90% of patients with superficial disease were treated with transurethral resection alone. Among those patients with muscle invasion, only 55% of those ages 55–59 years underwent cystectomy; this percentage dropped to 4% in patients age 85 years and older. Among patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification of 0–2, the cystectomy rate ranged from 53% in those ages 55–59 years to 9% in those age 85 years and older.CONCLUSIONSThere were no significant treatment differences noted with regard to age among patients with superficial disease. Among those patients with muscle invasion, those age 75 years and older were less likely to undergo radical cystectomy (14%) compared with patients ages 55–64 years (48%) and those ages 65–74 years (43%). Patient age may contribute to treatment decisions in patients with muscle‐invasive disease, even when comorbidity is taken into account. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Breast carcinoma with noninflammatory skin involvement (T4b)
Authors: Guth Uwe , Wight Edward , Schotzau Andreas , Langer Igor , Dieterich Holger , Rochlitz Christoph , Herberich Linda , Holzgreve Wolfgang , Singer Gad 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, the authors evaluated the clinical presentation of patients with T4b breast carcinoma, analyzed the impact of noninflammatory skin involvement on long‐term survival, and addressed the question whether the T4 tumor category still has any justification.METHODSThe clinical course of a study group of 119 patients with skin involvement was compared with the outcome of a control group of 299 consecutive patients who had tumors of the same size but without skin involvement. All tumors were stratified into 1 of 4 subsets according to greatest tumor dimension, as follows: Group A, ≤ 3.0 cm; Group B, 3.1–5.0 cm; Group C, 5.1–10.0 cm; and Group D, > 10.0 cm.RESULTSThe study group distribution of patients within the size subsets were as follows: Group A, 26.1%; Group B, 24.3%; Group C, 26.1%; and Group D, 23.5%. Differences in disease‐specific survival between the tumor size subsets were significant (Groups A and B vs. Groups C and D; P < 0.0001). In contrast to large tumors (> 5.0 cm), carcinomas ≤ 5.0 cm showed no statistical significant differences in disease‐specific survival between study group patients and control group patients (Group A: P = 0.17; Group B: P = 0.31).CONCLUSIONSThere is a broad range of clinicopathologic breast carcinoma entities within the T4b category. For > 50% of patients with T4b breast carcinoma, the feature noninflammatory skin involvement had no significant prognostic impact. Approximately 25% of patients had an extent of disease similar to that observed in patients with Stage I–II disease and, thus, falsely were considered to have more advanced disease. Heterogeneity and a lack of prognostic significance suggest that a revision of the T4 category, a relic of historic tumor classifications, is necessary. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Recursive partitioning for risk stratification in men undergoing repeat prostate biopsies
Authors: Garzotto Mark , Park Yon , Mongoue‐Tchokote Solange , Bledsoe Jesse , Peters Laura , Blank Bruce H. , Austin Donald , Beer Tomasz M. , Mori Motomi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current study was performed to identify risk factors and risk groups for carcinoma detection in men undergoing repeat prostate biopsies.METHODSThe medical records of all men who had a negative initial prostate biopsy and underwent at least one repeat biopsy between 1992 and 2003 were reviewed to extract age, race, family history of prostate carcinoma, body mass index, referral indication, all prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) values, digital rectal examination, PSA density (PSAD), the presence of a hypoechoic lesion, and the presence of high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) on initial biopsy. Risk factors for a subsequent diagnosis of prostate carcinoma were identified using the log‐rank test and a stepwise, stratified Cox regression model. Based on the risk factors identified by Cox regression analysis, recursive partitioning was further used for risk stratification.RESULTSA total of 373 patients underwent 975 biopsy procedures. During a median follow‐up of 37.0 months, prostate carcinoma was detected in 107 of 373 patients (28.9%). Independent predictors of a positive biopsy (P < 0.05) were PSA doubling time (PSADT), PSAD, referral indication, the presence of HGPIN, patient age, and family history of prostate carcinoma. Recursive partitioning identified 4 distinct risk groups that were characterized by their PSADT and PSAD and the presence of HGPIN and had estimated 2‐year and 5‐year carcinoma detection rates of 3 ± 1% and 21 ± 4%, 28 ± 5% and 40 ± 7%, 22 ± 6% and 58 ± 8%, and 66 ± 9% and 100%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe authors identified a series of independent risk factors for prostate carcinoma detection after an initial negative prostate biopsy and characterized clinically meaningful and distinct patient risk groups. Despite a negative initial biopsy, patients with high‐risk features remain at risk for the detection of prostate carcinoma. Cancer 2005. Published 2005 by the American Cancer Society.
Ex vivo analysis of acinar and endocrine cell development in the human embryonic pancreas
Authors: Castaing Muriel , Duvillié Bertrand , Quemeneur Eric , Basmaciogullari Annie , Scharfmann Raphael 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn contrast to the considerable body of data on pancreas development in rodents, information on pancreas development in humans is scant. We previously described a model in which mature beta cells developed from human embryonic pancreas: human embryonic pancreas was grafted under the kidney capsule of scid mice, beta cells were then seen to develop in the graft. Here, we showed that not only beta cells, but also other endocrine cells, acinar cells and ducts develop in this model. We then used this model to probe the mechanisms underlying acinar and beta cell development in the human embryonic pancreas. BrdU pulse/chase experiments produced evidence of clonal acinar cell development: the first acinar cells to appear proliferated, thereby expanding the acinar cell population. In contrast, beta cell development was regulated by the proliferation of pancreatic progenitor cells, followed by beta‐cell differentiation. We then showed that early progenitors expressing PDX1 proliferated, whereas late endocrine progenitors expressing Ngn3 did not. This proliferative capacity of early endocrine progenitor cells in embryonic human pancreas may hold promise for obtaining human beta‐cell expansion. Developmental Dynamics 234:339–345, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Photophysical Properties of Novel Tetranuclear Cadmium(II) Schiff‐Base Complexes
Authors: Lo Wing‐Kit , Wong Wai‐Kwok , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Guo Jianping 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe synthesis and structural characterisation of some new tetranuclear cadmium(II) Schiff‐base complexes were described. Reaction of the hexadentate Schiff‐base ligands (H2L) with an excess of cadmium(II) acetate, Cd(OAc)2, furnished novel tetracadmium complexes of the general formula [Cd4(L)2(OAc)4], which exhibit an interesting three‐dimensional cage‐like structure of four ligand‐supported cadmium atoms. All of the complexes were fully characterised by spectroscopic (FTIR, NMR and FAB MS) methods and their molecular structures were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The X‐ray crystal structures of these tetranuclear Schiff‐base complexes represent the first structurally characterised examples of this kind for the cadmium triad. These new complexes were found to display rich photophysical properties and they all exhibited low‐temperature phosphorescence in the frozen state. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The Chemistry of Phosphanyl‐ferrocenecarboxylic Ligands
Authors: Štěpnička Petr 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe chemistry of ferrocene attracts considerable research interest even more than 50 years after its discovery, being stimulated mainly by applications of ferrocene ligands in catalysis. To the present day, the design of new ferrocene compounds ensued—sometimes by serendipity—the preparation of unprecedented coordination compounds and organometallic materials and, in the case of ferrocene compounds containing appropriate donor sets, led to numerous successful catalytic systems. This review provides a systematic survey of the chemistry of phosphanyl‐ferrocenecarboxylic ligands as a specific class of hybrid ferrocene ligands that emerged about ten years ago, illustrating their synthesis, coordination behaviour, and catalytic applications. Attention is also paid to the structural chemistry of these functional ferrocene ligands. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Patterning of Semiconductor Nanoparticles via Microcontact Printing
Authors: Wu Xiao Chun , Chi Li Feng , Fuchs Harald 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThree general paths for patterning semiconductor nanoparticles stabilized with a short chain stabilizer via microcontact printing (μCP) are presented. The interface between the nanoparticles and surfaces has to be carefully designed to realize a successful direct or indirect printing. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Diferrocenyl(methylthio)cyclopropenylium Iodide in the Synthesis of2,3‐Diferrocenyl‐1‐methylthio‐1,3‐dienes and ‐1,3,5‐trienes
Authors: Klimova Berestneva Tatiana , Klimova Elena I. , Méndez Stivalet José Manuel , Hernández‐Ortega Simón , Martínez García Marcos 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDiferrocenyl(methylthio)cyclopropenylium iodide reacts with organometallic compounds (methyllithium, benzyl‐ and ethylmagnesium chlorides, and allylmagnesium bromide) to yield 2,3‐diferrocenyl‐1‐methylthio‐1,3‐dienes or ‐1,3,5‐triene together with 3,3‐dialkyl‐1,2‐diferrocenylcyclopropenes. We present data from X‐ray diffraction analyses of (E)‐2,3‐diferrocenyl‐1‐methylthio‐ and (E,Z)‐2,3‐diferrocenyl‐1‐methylthio‐4‐phenyl‐1,3‐butadienes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
5‐(Pyrrolidine‐2‐yl)tetrazole: Rationale for the Increased Reactivity of the Tetrazole Analogue of Proline in Organocatalyzed Aldol Reactions
Authors: Hartikka Antti , Arvidsson Per I. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract5‐[(2S)‐Pyrrolidine‐2‐yl]‐1H‐tetrazole (1), i. e. the tetrazolic acid analogue of proline, has been found to be significant more reactive than L‐proline (2) in various organocatalyzed reactions. In the organocatalyzed direct asymmetric aldol reaction, acetone was reacted with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes to afford the resulting β‐hydroxy ketones in good yields and moderate to high enantiomeric excesses. The increased reactivity of 1, as compared to 2, has been rationalized through a combined computational and NMR spectroscopic study. It was found that catalyst 2 was almost completely engaged in oxazolidinone formation with the aldehyde whereas 1 did not take part in such parasitic equilibrium. This finding, together with the improved solubility of the tetrazole analogue, is proposed to account for the observed reactivity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Straightforward Synthesis of Non‐Natural Selenium Containing Amino Acid Derivatives and Peptides
Authors: Braga Antonio L. , Lüdtke Diogo S. , Paixão Márcio W. , Alberto Eduardo E. , Stefani Hélio A. , Juliano Luiz 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA series of non‐natural selenium‐containing amino acid derivatives and peptides have been synthesized, in a flexible and modular strategy. The peptide coupling reaction between N‐protected amino acids and chiral β‐seleno amines afforded the desired products in high yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
DABCO: An Efficient Organocatalyst in the Ring‐Opening Reactions of Aziridines with Amines or Thiols
Authors: Wu Jie , Sun Xiaoyu , Li Yizhe 
Published: August 2005

AbstractEfficient ring‐opening of aziridines with various amines or thiols catalyzed by DABCO afforded the corresponding products in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Chromosome transfer experiments link regions on chromosome 7 to radiation resistance in human glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Misra Anjan , Pellarin Malgorzata , Hu Lily , Kunwar Sandeep , Perhouse Mark , Lamborn Kathleen R. , Deen Dennis F. , Feuerstein Burt G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GM) is the most lethal form of brain tumor, with a median survival of approximately 1 year. Treatment options are limited. Radiation therapy is a common form of treatment, but many tumors are resistant. In earlier studies, we found that gain of chromosome 7 is associated with radiation resistance in human primary GM. In this study, we extend that result to a model system in which we transferred chromosome 7 to recipient cells and confirmed radiation resistance as a function of chromosome 7 gain. We identified three candidate regions on chromosome 7 that conferred radiation resistance in our model system. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strength and fatigue performance versus filler fraction of different types of direct dental restoratives
Authors: Lohbauer Ulrich , Frankenberger Roland , Krämer Norbert , Petschelt Anselm 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties, such as Young's moduli, fracture strengths (FS), and flexural fatigue limits of todays resin composite dental restoratives. All materials have been subdivided into flowable, aesthetic hybrid and nano‐filled hybrid composites as marketed by dental manufacturers and analyzed in terms of the actual filler configurations. Specimen bars have been manufactured in reference to ISO 4049 standard, light‐cured for 20 s, and stored in distilled water before testing. The elastic moduli (EM), FS, and flexural fatigue limits (FFL) were measured after 14 days storage by using the four‐point bending test. The FFL was determined for 104 cycles. The fatigue data were analyzed by using the “staircase” approach and statistically treated by ANOVA analysis. Flowable materials with a reduced filler content exhibited the lowest Young's moduli, compared with those measured for higher filled materials. A linear relationship has been found between elastic moduli and filler loading (r2 = 0.798). Correlations of FS and fatigue data to different filler fractions could not be proved. FS ranged between 61.3 and 124.9 MPa. After 104 cycles of fatigue loading, the FS suffered from a decrease between 45.2 and 61.7%. However, materials providing high initial strengths do not obviously reveal the best fatigue resistance. A marketing‐based grouping of direct restorative materials has no meaning toward laboratory testing of mechanical properties. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Difference in color and color parameters between dental porcelain and porcelain‐repairing resin composite
Authors: Kim Sung‐Hee , Lee Yong‐Keun , Lim Bum‐Soon , Rhee Sang‐Hoon , Yang Hyeong‐Cheol 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe objective of this study was to measure the differences in color and color parameters between dental porcelain and porcelain‐repairing resin composites. The colors of three shades (A2, A3, A3.5) of one brand of dental porcelain, three original shades (A2, A3, A3.5), and three combinations (A2/A3, A3/3.5, A2/A3.5) of three brands of porcelain‐repairing resin composites (ABT, FSP, TCR) were measured. The specimens were 2 mm thick, and 1 mm of each shade was layered to make combined shades. Differences in color (ΔE), lightness (ΔL*), chroma (ΔC), and hue (ΔH*) between porcelain and resin composite were calculated. Color difference was calculated as ΔE = (ΔL*2 + Δa*2 + Δb*2)1/2, chroma difference was calculated as ΔC = (Δa*2 + Δb*2)1/2, and hue difference was calculated as ΔH = (ΔE − ΔL*2 − ΔC)1/2. The influence of porcelain shade, brand of resin composites, and shade of resin composites were analyzed by three‐way analyses of variance, and the differential influence of color parameters on color difference was analyzed with multiple regression analysis (α = 0.05). Differences in color and color parameters were influenced by the porcelain shade, brand and shade of resin composites. The ΔE value was in the range of 2.2–16.9. The ΔE value was correlated with ΔC (standardized correlation coefficient, β = − 0.85), ΔL* (β = − 0.52), and ΔH (β = 0.08). Between the same shade designated pairs of porcelain and repairing composite, color difference was perceptible. Therefore, studies to improve the color matching between porcelain and repairing resin are recommended. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Novel pH responsive polymethacrylic acid–chitosan–polyethylene glycol nanoparticles for oral peptide delivery
Authors: Sajeesh S. , Sharma Chandra P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn present study, novel pH sensitive polymethacrylic acid–chitosan–polyethylene glycol (PCP) nanoparticles were prepared under mild aqueous conditions via polyelectrolyte complexation. Free radical polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) was carried out in presence of chitosan (CS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) using a water‐soluble initiator and particles were obtained spontaneously during polymerization without using organic solvents or surfactants/steric stabilizers. Dried particles were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particles dispersed in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) were visualized under transmission electron microscope (TEM). SEM studies indicated that PCP particles have an aggregated and irregular morphology, however, TEM revealed that these aggregated particles were composed of smaller fragments with size less than 1 micron. Insulin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as model proteins were incorporated into the nanoparticles by diffusion filling method and their in vitro release characteristics were evaluated at pH 1.2 and 7.4. PCP nanoparticles exhibited good protein encapsulation efficiency and pH responsive release profile was observed under in vitro conditions. Trypsin inhibitory effect of these PCP nanoparticles was studied using casein substrate and these particles displayed lesser inhibitory effect than reference polymer carbopol. Preliminary investigation suggests that these particles can serve as good candidate for oral peptide delivery. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Estrogen attenuated markers of inflammation and decreased lesion volume in acute spinal cord injury in rats
Authors: Sribnick Eric Anthony , Wingrave James Michael , Matzelle Deborah Denise , Wilford Gloria Gant , Ray Swapan Kumar , Banik Naren Lal 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurologic injury with functional deficits for which the only currently recommended pharmacotherapy is high‐dose methylprednisolone, which has limited efficacy. Estrogen is a multiactive steroid that has shown antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects, and estrogen may modulate intracellular Ca2+ and attenuate apoptosis. For this study, male rats were divided into three groups. Sham group animals received a laminectomy at T12. Injured rats received both laminectomy and 40 g · cm force SCI. Estrogen‐group rats received 4 mg/kg 17β‐estradiol (estrogen) at 15 min and 24 hr post‐injury, and vehicle‐group rats received equal volumes of dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle). Animals were sacrificed at 48 hr post‐injury, and 1‐cm‐long segments of the lesion, rostral penumbra, and caudal penumbra were excised. Inflammation was assessed by examining tissue edema, infiltration of macrophages/microglia, and levels of cytosolic and nuclear NFκB and inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα). Myelin integrity was examined using Luxol fast blue staining. When compared to sham, vehicle‐treated animals revealed increased tissue edema, increased infiltration of inflammatory cells, decreased cytosolic levels of NFκB and IκBα, increased levels of nuclear NFκB, and increased myelin loss. Treatment of SCI rats with estrogen reduced edema and decreased inflammation and myelin loss in the lesion and penumbral areas, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent. Further work needs to be done, however, to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism of estrogen. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibroblast growth factor 2 negatively regulates the induction of neuronal progenitors from neural stem cells
Authors: Tsai Robert Y.L. , Kim Seokwoon 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) exhibits pleiotropic functions during embryogenesis. In neural development, both pro‐ and antineurogenic activities of FGF2 have been described in the differentiation of neuronal progenitors into postmitotic neurons. We used cultured neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from rat embryonic day 14.5 cortex to determine the FGF2 effect on the induction of early neuronal progenitors. Our data showed that the presence of FGF2 during serum‐induced differentiation of NSCs reduced the number of Tuj1+ neurons. A bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/Tuj1 double‐labeling assay and expression analyses of the pro‐ and antineurogenic basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) factors showed that FGF2 blocked the generation of early neuronal progenitors, but not the cell‐cycle exit of dividing neurons. This negative regulation of neuronal induction by FGF2 was associated with the persistent expression of an antineurogenic bHLH, hairy and enhancer of split (HES)‐1. A gene‐profiling study demonstrated that the developmental programs underlying neuronal differentiation were altered as a whole and identified several developmentally regulated, neural‐enriched genes. This work shows that FGF2 exerts an antineurogenic effect during the developmental window when neuronal progenitors are first induced from NSCs. It also provides a novel experimental system that can be used to prospectively identify genes expressed at different stages of neuronal differentiation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.