bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Russian economy in the conditions of institutional transformation of moving towards a multipolar world
Authors: Vasilenko N. V. , Rumyantseva A. Yu. 
Published: November 2023

Aim.To identify the key institutional characteristics of the transition to a multipolar world and to substantiate the directions of development of the Russian economy during this transition, contributing to the restoration of Russia’s position as an economic and political center of power in the new model of the world order.Objectives.To consider the institutional foundations of the world order to determine the place of multipolarity among other types of world order; to trace the features of the transition to a multipolar world as an institutional transformation from the point of counteraction to the dominance of one superpower; to formulate the directions of transformation of the Russian economy during the transition to a multipolar world.Methods.Using general methods of scientific cognition, as well as institutional and civilizational approaches, the paper considers the transition to a multipolar world as a natural stage of transition to a new model of world order, reflecting the evolution of world economic patterns and their corresponding world orders.Results.The regulatory functions of formal and value-ethical institutions in the institutional environment of the world order, as well as the role of states and civilizations as their sources and guarantors are determined. Institutional gaps in the models of unipolar and multipolar worlds are revealed. The thesis that the movement to the multipolar world model implies institutional transformation in economic, socio-spiritual and political aspects is substantiated. The role of values and conscious efforts of states in the transition to a multipolar world is shown. The main challenges and threats in the transition to a multipolar world for the Russian economy are identified and the directions of efforts necessary for its strengthening are formulated.Conclusions.The transition to a multipolar world is a complex process of transformation of the institutions of the world order and the world economic order on the basis of taking into account the national interests and values of a large number of global actors. During the period of institutional transformation of the transition, the Russian state faces new challenges in the sociovalue, economic and political spheres. The development of the Russian economy in the transition period should become the basis for strengthening the economic and political power of the country, its national sovereignty and provide a worthy place for Russia in the new model of the world order.
Impact of EU sanctions on trade in engineering products between Russia and Central-Eastern European countries: An applied econometric approach
Authors: Golubkin A. V. , Malyutina O. M. , Chernetskii F. M. 
Published: November 2023

Aim.To assess the impact of Western European sanctions on trade cooperation between Russia and Central-Eastern European (CEE) countries in the machine-building sector.Objectives.Statistical analysis of the dynamics of Russia’s trade relations with CEE countries in the field of mechanical engineering under current sanctions conditions; construction of an econometric model for regression analysis of the impact of Western European sanctions on trade in mechanical engineering products; identification of key trends and problems in trade and economic cooperation between Russia and the CEE region in the mechanical engineering sector in 2021–2023.Methods.The authors used such research methods as statistical and econometric analysis, syntax, description, graphical modeling.Results.The results obtained in the course of econometric analysis indicate that the impact of Western European sanctions on the main indicators of trade in engineering industry products between the Russian Federation (RF) and CEE countries was ambiguous. European Union (EU, EU) sanctions had a greater impact on CEE countries’ export flows than on RF exports to the region.Conclusions.The current sanctions conditions have determined an unfavorable medium-term trend in trade relations in the mechanical engineering sector between Russia and the CEE region. The trade and economic indicators analyzed in this article are the main determinants of econometric analysis that affect the interaction between Russia and CEE countries in the machine-building sector. During the studied period of 2021-2022 the volume of mutual investments showed a negative effect, industrial production had a positive impact on trade in engineering products.
On the comparative analysis of approaches to the definition and classification of pilot testing infrastructure at the state level
Authors: Abzalilova L. R. , Bagaveeva A. R. 
Published: November 2023

Aim. To compare the current research approaches to the functioning and development of pilot testing infrastructure in the contour of innovation and technological activity in Russia and abroad.Objectives. To identify the role and functions of experimental-industrial testing in the system of research, development and technological works (R&D) of the country; to identify and compare international approaches to the classification of the infrastructure of experimental-industrial testing; to analyze the current domestic legislative and regulatory framework regulating the activities in the field of experimental-industrial testing.Methods. The research applied general scientific methods (system approach, decomposition, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction), private methods (structural-logical and subjectobject), methods of graphical structuring and data interpretation.Results. The authors described the evolution of approaches to the definition of the term “pilot testing” on the example of studies of domestic and foreign scientists, substantiated the need to distinguish the terms “pilot testing” and “pilot infrastructure”, highlighted and schematically characterized their relationship. The comparison of international and domestic scientific and regulatory approaches has revealed diversity both in the terminology used and their interpretation, and in the types of classification of this type of activity. The article presents three most common approaches to the definition and classification of the material and technical base of pilot tests.Conclusions. Pilot testing is an important stage in the process of implementation and scaling of technological innovations, which allows successful technology transfer from laboratory to industrial environment. Despite the positive experience of the Soviet Union in the aspect of design, construction and operation of pilot plants, the modern innovation and technology policy of the country does not prioritize the development of this area, and the activity has low dynamics of development. Insufficient attention to the improvement of measures and tools to support the development of pilot testing infrastructure may become a constraint for solving the state tasks of import substitution and import substitution. Despite the unambiguous general conclusion of all studies about the exceptional importance of the stage of pilot testing for the process of implementation and scaling of technological innovations in general, in many countries of the world there are limitations for the full development of this area of activity. This determines the relevance of continuing research work, including in the context of analyzing the barriers, public and private initiatives for the development of pilot industrial infrastructure.
Methods and indicators for evaluating green jobs
Authors: Tsygankova I. V. 
Published: November 2023

Aim.To develop a set of indicators for assessing “green” workplaces that allow characterizing the impact of such workplaces on the health and working capacity of employees, their position in the workplace, on the main economic indicators of the organization, on the environment.Objectives.To identify and characterize the methods of assessing the number and qualitative composition of jobs used in Russia and foreign countries; to conduct a comparative analysis of the used methods of assessing jobs, to identify their advantages and disadvantages; to develop indicators and propose a methodology for assessing “green” jobs, allowing to assess the impact of the workplace on human health and social status, the economy, the environment, which will make it possible to form a set of measures necessary for the successful transformation of the labor market in the direction of the labor market.Methods.The author applied the methods of systemic, logical and comparative analysis, analysis of scientific literature, classifications and groupings, statistical processing of federal and regional indicators of accounting for the number of jobs and their qualitative composition.Results.The analysis of domestic and foreign literature has shown that in modern conditions there are many methodologies for assessing the number of “green” jobs in different countries, which differ significantly in terms of both the criteria for classifying jobs as “green” and the indicators for assessing their impact on the economy and society. In Russia, the number of green jobs is not currently assessed. This makes it difficult to analyze the state of the “green” segment of the economy and the main areas of its impact on society, the environment, health and working capacity of workers, and prevents the identification of shortcomings in the “green” segment of the labor market and the successful development of measures to implement the “green” transition. In this regard, it is advisable to use a comprehensive methodology for assessing the state of green jobs in the organization, which includes such components as environmental protection, decent work, high-tech. The “environmental protection” component involves the assessment of such parameters as the impact of workplaces on the region’s water resources and environmental pollution. The component “decent labor” includes the assessment of key parameters of the socio-economic status of workers, in particular, the state of wages, job security, and working conditions. The block “high-tech” is aimed at assessing the parameters of labor productivity and performance, resource saving.Conclusions.The proposed methodology makes it possible to conduct a comprehensive assessment of “green” jobs in terms of their impact on the region’s economy, the situation of workers in the labor sphere, the environment, to identify shortcomings and “bottlenecks”. The obtained information can serve as a basis for the development of a set of recommendations necessary for the successful implementation of the “green” transition.
Vertical distribution of chlorophyll a in the western part of the Kara Sea in autumn 2020
Authors: Vorobieva O. V. , Kivva К. К. , Demidov A. B. , Eremeeva E. V. , Polukhin A. A. , Artemiev V. A. , Shchuka S. A. 
Published: November 2023

The aim of the work was to study the distribution of chlorophyll a (Chl-a) in the deepest part of the western Kara Sea — the Novaya Zemlya Trough and in St. Anna Trough. Materials: field studies of Chl-a, macronutrients, dissolved oxygen and physical parameters were held in September 2020 during the 81st cruise of R/V «Akademik Mstislav Keldysh».The results showed that Chl-a concentration within the upper 100 m layer ranged from 0.01 to 1.37 mg/m3 (median value of 0.23 mg/m3). The maximum concentrations of Chl-a in the Novaya Zemlya Trough (0.39–1.18 mg/m3) were observed at depths of 10–35 m, in the St. Anna Trough (0.25–1.37 mg/m3) — in the upper 15-meter layer. In the vertical distribution of Chl-a the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) was noted at depths of 10–42 m. In the southern part of the St. Anna Trough, the maximum concentrations of Chl-a were observed in the surface horizon. SCM existence depended on the runoff water distribution: well-pronounced SCM was observed at stations with high surface salinity which were characterized by a deeper euphotic depth, and a low concentration of Chl-a at the surface. In regions affected by river runoff, which had low salinity and high nutrient content in the upper layer as well as shallow depth of the photic layer, the maximum concentrations of Chl-a were observed at the surface. The share of pheophytin varied from 18 to 73% (median value of 41%) with minimum values in the layer of chlorophyll maximum. Integrated Chl-a concentration ranged from 5.75 to 24.54 mg/m2 (median value of 9.51 mg/m2), the highest values were observed in regions with deeper euphotic layer and pronounced SCM.Practical value: the data on the vertical distribution of Chl-a concentration allow to expand understanding of the conditions of organic matter formation and productivity of the Kara Sea.
Current state of bacterioplankton of Lake Ilmen
Authors: Kapustina L. L. , Bystrova A. A. , Prishchepa A. S. , Solov’eva E. S. 
Published: November 2023

Objective: Determination of the quantitative level of the Lake Ilmen bacterial community in a retrospective. Assessment of lake water quality by microbiological indicators based on the results of seasonal microbiological studies in 2022Research material and methods used: The material was samples of bacterioplankton from the surface water layer of the Lake Ilmen, collected in May, August and September 2022. The total numbers of microorganisms was determined by the epifluorescence method using DAPI fluorochrome. Standard methods were used to determine the number of saprophytic microorganisms at two temperature regimes.Originality: For the first time in the last 25 years, the quantitative characteristics of the bacterial community of Lake Ilmen were determined. A quality assessment of lake waters has been carried out, and the values of self-purification coefficients were calculated.Results: The microbiological characteristic of the water masses of Lake Ilmen, as a habitat for bioresources, is presented. The maximum values of the total bacterial numbers (TBN) were observed in May (average 5.05±0.52×106 cells/ml) during the spring flood, the minimum — at the end of September (average 3.21±0.89×106 cells/ml) during the cooling period of the lake. Coccoid cells prevailed in the bacterioplankton, which indirectly indicates the absence of contamination of the lake waters with organic matter of various origins. According to the average for the observation period TBN (4.10±1.05×106 cells/ml), the trophic state of the lake corresponded to weakly eutrophic. The number of saprophytic bacteria growing at 22 °С always exceeded that at 37oC, which indicated active self-purification processes. According to the quantitative ratios of the TBN and the number of saprophytic bacteria growing at 22 °С (OMH 22 °С), the water masses of the lake, with rare exceptions, belonged to the conditional category of “pure” (oligosaprobic)
State of zoobenthos and marine ecological status along the central part of the Gulf of Finland in 2020, Baltic Sea
Authors: Gusev A. A. , Bubnova E. S. 
Published: November 2023

The aim: to assess the ecological state of the Gulf of Finland in the summer of 2020 using the benthic index of the ratio of opportunistic polychaetes/amphipods (BOPA) and the benthic index of the ratio of opportunistic annelids/amphipods (BO2A).Research material and methods: the material was collected during the 55th cruise of the PV Akademik Ioffein July 2020. To assess the ecological state of the Gulf of Finland CTD‑soundings and macrozoobenthos data were used, the BOPA and BO2A indices were calculated.Results: the obtained values of the ecological state of water body based on the BOPA and BO2A indices in this study characterize the quality of the sea along the central part in the Gulf of Finland. The negative statistically significant correlation between indices BOPA, BO2A and concentration of the dissolved oxygen are established.Practical significance: a complete picture of the ecological state of the Gulf of Finland in 2020 was obtained. The presented data showed that the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the bottom layer, under conditions of unstable salinity stratification, affects the values of the BOPA and BO2A indices through the tolerance of various taxonomic groups. BOPA and BO2A indices can be used in assessing water quality
Commercial algae in the White and Black Seas of the Russia coastal zones: stocks, chemical composition, structure, properties of polysaccharides, rational use
Authors: Podkorytova A. V. , Usov A. I. , Evseeva N. V. , Roshchina A. N. 
Published: November 2023

Aim: To analyze published data on the distribution, stocks of brown and red algae in the White and Black Seas, as well as on the chemical structure and properties of polysaccharides and their use. Evaluate the effectiveness of chemical-technological research and its results.Methods used: In preparing the review, science-metric methods of literature analysis from the databases of the RSCI, Scopus were used, as well as our own published research results, which used the methods of IR spectroscopy, carbon‑13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13С-NMR) and standard methodsResult: A review of the scientific literature on the distribution, stocks and use of algae in the White and Black Seas of the coastal zones of Russia are presented. Data on the study of the chemical composition, technological properties and chemical structure of polysaccharides from the White Sea brown algae — Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum, as well as Gongolaria barbata, Ericaria crinita — Black Sea and red algae A. plicata of the White Sea and 2 species — Coccotylus brodiei and Phyllophora crispa of the Black Sea.Novelty: Alginates from Cystoseira have been shown to contain about 35% L-guluronic acid. The chemical structure of the polysaccharide from Phyllophora crispa has been confirmed as kappa-omega-carrageenan. The prospect of using A. plicata residues after agar extraction and their processing as secondary raw materials to obtain microcrystalline cellulose, nanocellulose or amino acid hydrolyzate was shown.Practical significance: The presented data on the distribution of algae stocks and the recommended yield (RY), their chemical composition, as well as the structure and properties of polysaccharides can be used to draw up recommendations for regulating fisheries and planning production.
Joint research in the Baltic Sea by the Atlantic Branch of the VNIRO and the Atlantic Branch of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the RAS
Authors: Bandurin K. V. , Sivkov V. V. , Aleksandrov S. V. , Arkhipov A. G. 
Published: November 2023

The aim: complex study of the Baltic Sea ecosystem, including the habitat conditions of aquatic biological resources based on the results of joint research by AtlantNIRO and the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS (Atlantic Branch). Methods used: analysis of long-term data of joint expeditionary research in the open part and coastal zone of the Baltic Sea.Results: owing to the interaction of AtlantNIRO with AB IO RAS in 2018–2022, the continuity of long-term observations has been preserved and the volume of scientific information necessary for assessing the state of the habitat of aquatic biological resources in the Russian sectors of the Baltic Sea has been increased. Modern data on eutrophication and pollution, on distribution of phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, as well as the early ontogenetic stages of the main commercial fish have been obtained. The spatial distribution of plankton and benthic communities, including areas favorable for spawning and feeding of fish, has been detailed. A rather high contamination of bottom sediments with radionuclides in certain areas of the Baltic Sea, primarily in the Gulf of Finland, has been found.Practical significance: the implementation of the areas provided by the Agreement between Rosrybolovstvo and RAS, and above all, the participation of AtlantNIRO scientific groups in expeditions in the Baltic Sea in 2018–2022, was a significant addition to the annual research and state monitoring of aquatic biological resources and their habitats conducted by VNIRO in the Baltic Sea.
Biodiversity study of the deep-sea ecosystems in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Mordukhovich V. V. , Adrianov A. V. 
Published: November 2023

The aim of the work was to study some deep-sea bottom communities of the Far Eastern seas of Russia using a remotely operated underwater vehicle.Materials were the data of underwater video and photo profiling, as well as direct sampling, performed in 2011–2013, 2016, 2018, 2020 and 2021.As results, an extensive array of new data on the composition, structure, and patterns of distribution of deep sea biota has been obtained. A primary description of the benthic communities of the Gamovsky Canyon (Sea of Japan), cold seeps of the Deryugin Basin (Sea of Okhotsk), and Piip underwater volcano (Bering Sea) has been prepared. Some features of the composition and structure of communities are revealed, and vertical zonality is described.Practical value: the results can be used in the development of environmental protection measures and measures of rational nature management in the waters of the Far Eastern seas of Russia and in areas of potential development of deep-sea mineral resources in the ocean.
Разработка концентратов сухих напитков на основе растительных криопорошков
Authors: Щерба Ирина Владимировна , Бакуменко Олеся Евгеньевна , Бакуменко Полина Владимировна 
Published: November 2023

Введение. Одной из актуальных проблем современного общества является проблема здорового питания. При неправильном способе и режиме обработки растительного сырья, происходят потери витаминов, макро- и микроэлементов, содержащихся в сырье. Одна из технологий, которая позволяет сохранить максимальное количество витаминов и минеральных веществ в продуктах растительного происхождения, является криотехнология. При этом на стадии удаления влаги и измельчения свежего сырья до состояния мелкодисперсного порошка применяется метод понижения температуры. Наиболее ценными продуктами на основе криопорошков могут служить концентраты сухих напитков со специально подобранным составом.Цель. Авторами проведена сравнительная оценка химического состава свежего растительного сырья – плодов черноплодной рябины, малины, облепихи и криопорошков на их основе по показателям, характеризующим пищевую ценность – витаминам А и С и содержанию калия, кальция и железа.Результат. Показано, что криопорошки имеют высокую пищевую ценность, что позволит восполнить дефицит витаминов и минеральных веществ в организме человека. Подобраны вкусовые и обогащающие добавки в рецептурах концентатов сухих напитков. Получены лабораторные образцы продукта с использованием дозировочно-смесительного оборудования. Установлена оптимальная температура (40+2оС) и продолжительность растворения (23-25 с) концентратов.Выводы. Проведена оценка качества полученных напитков по органолептическим, физико-химическим и показателям безопасности, свидетельствующая о высоком качестве и безопасности полученных продуктов. Разработка концентратов сухих напитков функционального назначения на основе криопорошков позволит расширить ассортимент концентратов сухих напитков и получить продукт на основе отечественного растительного сырья, обладающий функциональными свойствами.