bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare eggshell structure in Odonata: Lindenia tetraphylla (Van der Linden) (Anisoptera: Gomphidae)
Authors: Salur Ali , Suludere Zekiye 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLindenia tetraphylla (Van der Linden, 1825) eggs exhibit an egg structure that is very rare in other Gomphidae species. They have a well‐developed surface reticulation structure. The anterior pole of the egg has a small, rounded micropylar area consisting of seven orifices arranged radially around a central area. The posterior pole has a sessile, truncated cone that carries 55–65 coiled filaments. The filament structure found at the posterior pole of the egg has been observed in the gomphid species Lestinogomphus africanus (Fraser, 1926), Ictinogomphus australis (Selys, 1873), and I. rapax (Rambur, 1842). However, L. tetraphylla eggs differ from these species in both morphology and filament structure. This study provides a detailed analysis of the ultrastructure of L. tetraphylla eggs using scanning electron microscopy, and the functional and taxonomic significance of the eggshell are discussed.Research Highlights
The aim of this study is to examine the ultrastructure of the L. tetraphylla eggshell, emphasizing its function and taxonomic value. In this context, the general morphology of the egg, the reticulations on its surface, the micropylar region and micropylar structure, and the posterior filament coil were examined.
In this study, the ultrastructure of L. tetraphylla egg was examined for the first time using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a result of the examination, it was detected for the first time that the posterior filament coil, which is rarely seen in odonate eggs, is also present in L. tetraphylla eggs.
By comparing the L. tetraphylla egg with the eggs of I. ferox, I. rapax, I. australis, and L. africanus species, which are similar in terms of the posterior filament coil, the features that distinguish the L. tetraphylla egg.
Clinical prediction model: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children versus Kawasaki disease
Authors: Starnes Lauren S. , Starnes Joseph R. , Stopczynski Tess , Amarin Justin Z. , Charnogursky Cara , Hayek Haya , Talj Rana , Parra David A. , Clark Daniel E. , Patrick Anna E. , Katz Sophie E. , Howard Leigh M. , Peetluk Lauren , Rankin Danielle , Spieker Andrew J. , Halasa Natasha B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) is a rare but serious complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Features of MIS‐C overlap with those of Kawasaki disease (KD).ObjectiveThe study objective was to develop a prediction model to assist with this diagnostic dilemma.MethodsData from a retrospective cohort of children hospitalized with KD before the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic were compared to a prospective cohort of children hospitalized with MIS‐C. A bootstrapped backwards selection process was used to develop a logistic regression model predicting the probability of MIS‐C diagnosis. A nomogram was created for application to individual patients.ResultsCompared to children with incomplete and complete KD (N = 602), children with MIS‐C (N = 105) were older and had longer hospitalizations; more frequent intensive care unit admissions and vasopressor use; lower white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, platelet count, sodium, and alanine aminotransferase; and higher hemoglobin and C‐reactive protein (CRP) at admission. Left ventricular dysfunction was more frequent in patients with MIS‐C, whereas coronary abnormalities were more common in those with KD. The final prediction model included age, sodium, platelet count, alanine aminotransferase, reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction, and CRP. The model exhibited good discrimination with AUC 0.96 (95% confidence interval: [0.94–0.98]) and was well calibrated (optimism‐corrected intercept of −0.020 and slope of 0.99).ConclusionsA diagnostic prediction model utilizing admission information provides excellent discrimination between MIS‐C and KD. This model may be useful for diagnosis of MIS‐C but requires external validation.
Framework for a radiography student podcast
Authors: Girard Emily , Punch Amanda , Jimenez Yobelli 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPodcasts refer to episodes of audio content that are readily available on streaming applications on smartphones or computers. This paper reports on the development of the ‘Breathe In Radiography Podcast’ series for radiography students and provides suggestions for evaluation. Podcast development followed a structured framework, including identification of podcast topics and expert guests, content development, audio recording, episode upload to host site and distribution. Using a framework was useful to guide development and ensure consistency across podcast episodes. Evaluation through podcast usage data, surveys and focus groups provides a comprehensive strategy to explore radiography students' perception of the newly developed podcast series.
Reconstitution of RNA cap methylation reveals different features of SARS‐CoV‐2 and SARS‐CoV methyltransferases
Authors: He Miao , Cao Liu , Liu Lihong , Jin Xu , Zheng Birong , Liu Xue , Zhuang Jiaxin , Zhang Fushi , Yang Zixiao , Ji Yanxi , Xu Tiefeng , Huang Siyao , Chen Junhai , Xie Luyang , Li Kun , Hou Panpan , Pan Jian , Guo Deyin , Li Chunmei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCap RNA methylations play important roles in the replication, evasion of host RNA sensor recognition, and pathogenesis. Coronaviruses possess both guanine N7‐ and 2′‐O‐ribose methyltransferases (N7‐MTase and 2′‐O‐MTase) encoded by nonstructural protein (nsp) 14 and nsp16/10 complex, respectively. In this study, we reconstituted the two‐step RNA methylations of N7‐MTase and 2′‐O‐MTase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in vitro and demonstrated its common and different features in comparison with that of SARS‐CoV. We revealed that the nsp16/10 2′‐O‐MTase of SARS‐CoV‐2 has a broader substrate selectivity than the counterpart of SARS‐CoV and can accommodate both unmethylated and uncapped RNA substrates in a sequence‐independent manner. Most intriguingly, the substrate selectivity of nsp16/10 complex is not determined by the apoenzyme of nsp16 MTase but by its cofactor nsp10. These results provide insight into the unique features of SARS‐CoV‐2 MTases and may help develop strategies to precisely intervene in the methylation pathway and pathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Physical exercise to promote regeneration after peripheral nerve injury in animal models: A systematic review
Authors: Fletcher Bryce , Phillips Rachel , Faust Amanda , Cook James L. , Nuelle Julia A. V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPeripheral nerve injuries are common injuries that often have a drastic effect on patient's activities of daily living and physical function. While techniques for the surgical repair of these injuries have improved over time, rehabilitation methods following these repairs have been non‐standardized and under researched. Electronic searches were conducted in Ovid/Medline and SCOPUS to identify articles that discuss rehabilitation and exercise following peripheral nerve injury in animal models and its effects on peripheral nerve regeneration and recovery of function. Thirty‐eight articles met inclusion criteria; all were prospective studies in animal models. This systematic review suggests that exercise is a useful tool in returning autonomy to the individual and has beneficial effects in the recovery from peripheral nerve injury. It is beneficial to use rehabilitation exercises following the repair of peripheral nerve injuries to promote regeneration, and timing of that exercise may be just as important as the exercise prescribed. However, further studies with standardized models and outcome measures need to be conducted before translation to clinical trials.
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is frequently used by parents for the treatment of functional constipation in children
Authors: Nelson Jana , Mayer Steffi , Neininger Martina P. , Bertsche Astrid , Lacher Martin , Gosemann Jan‐Hendrik 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has gained increasing attention as a supportive treatment for chronic diseases such as epilepsy, migraine, autism, and cancer in children. This study aimed to determine the frequency, motivation, and outcomes of CAM in children with functional constipation.MethodsFrom January 2018 till September 2019, parents of patients (0–18 years) who were treated for functional constipation (ROME IV‐criteria) at our colorectal center were asked to complete a questionnaire on the utilization of CAM. Demographic data and clinical assessments were documented and analyzed for patients with and without CAM treatment.ResultsA total of 115 patients were included (mean age: 5.1 years; 49% males), of whom 29 (25%) used CAM as an alternative (4/29,14%) or in addition to conventional therapy (CT), including osteopathy (48%), homeopathy (45%), and natural/herbal remedies (17%). The main reason parents reported for the use of CAM was the urge to leave no treatment option unattempted (76%). Multivariate analysis also identified persistent constipation under CT (72%), adverse effects of CT (24%), and parental use of CAM themselves (83%) as independent variables associated with CAM use. Parents reported positive changes in stool frequency (38%) and fecal incontinence (21%) with CAM. The vast majority (93%) plan to use CAM in the future, and even non‐CAM users showed high interest (60%).ConclusionOne in four children with functional constipation receives CAM. Significant improvement in stool frequency and continence is missing in the majority. However, parental interest in CAM remains high. Physicians should be aware of CAM when counseling families for functional constipation in children.
Racial and ethnic differences in diagnosis age and blood biomarkers in a pediatric inflammatory bowel disease cohort
Authors: Kemp Keri M. , Nagaraj Pooja K. , Orihuela Catheryn A. , Lorenz Robin G. , Maynard Craig L. , Pollock Jennifer S. , Jester Traci 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivePrompt diagnosis of pediatric‐onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is crucial for preventing a complicated disease course; however, it is not well understood how social determinants of health might affect pediatric IBD diagnosis. This study examined differences in diagnosis age, biomarkers of disease severity, and anthropometrics with sociodemographic factors in a pediatric IBD cohort.MethodsPediatric IBD patients (n = 114) and their parents/caregivers were enrolled from the Children's of Alabama Pediatric IBD Clinic in Birmingham, Alabama. Primary analyses examined associations of child race and ethnicity, parental income, parental education, single‐parent household status, insurance type, and distance to a tertiary pediatric gastroenterology referral center with diagnosis age. Secondary analyses examined differences in biomarker levels, height, and body mass index at the time of diagnosis.ResultsRacial and ethnic minority children were diagnosed at an older age compared to Non‐Hispanic White children (14.4 ± 0.40 vs. 11.7 ± 0.38 years; p < 0.001), and this trend was robust to adjustment with other sociodemographic variables. Parental attainment of a college education attenuated the link between minority race and ethnicity and the likelihood of older age at diagnosis, while other sociodemographic variables had no moderating effect. Racial and ethnic minority children were 5.7 times more likely to have clinically elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate at diagnosis compared to Non‐Hispanic White children (p = .024).ConclusionsThese results suggest that child race and ethnicity may exert a primary effect on the age at diagnosis with pediatric‐onset IBD. This study highlights the need for further research on racial and ethnic disparities to promote health equity in pediatric‐onset IBD.
Mucosal prolapse syndrome mimicking Peutz–Jeghers syndrome in a pediatric patient
Authors: Do Phinga , Phen Claudia , Alkalay Michele , Singh Vivekanand , Rojas Isabel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMucosal prolapse syndrome (MPS) is a rare group of benign conditions characterized by a set of unifying histologic findings thought to be the result of repeated mucosal shearing and submucosal vascular congestion caused by straining. This set of conditions is often misdiagnosed as other polyposis syndromes, inflammatory bowel disease, or malignancy due to its clinical presentation, appearance, and rarity. We report a case of a 15‐year‐old male who presented with painless rectal bleeding. He was found to have four rectal polyps thought to be due to Peutz–Jeghers syndrome. A repeat colonoscopy with biopsies a year later revealed a diagnosis of MPS. Our case highlights the morphologic similarity between hamartomatous polyp and mucosal prolapse histology. Since MPS is a rare diagnosis even among the adult population, it has not been well described in pediatrics. This syndrome should be on the differential diagnosis for pediatric rectal polyps to prevent unnecessary invasive testing and a delay in treatment.
Impact of the outer‐sphere and inner‐sphere association in the surface enhanced Raman spectra of metal complexes and gold nanoparticles
Authors: Franciscato Douglas S. , Nakamura Marcelo , Mangoni Ana P. , Toma Henrique E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTransition metal complexes, such as the low‐spin bis (phenylterpyridine) (A) and bis (pyridylterpyrazine)iron (II) (B) complexes, provide didactic chromophore species for demonstrating the Raman, resonance Raman, and the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) behavior in coordination chemistry, as well as for elucidating the nature of inner‐sphere and outer‐sphere association with plasmonic nanoparticles. Their electrostatically stabilized ion pairs with citrate–gold nanoparticles have been studied in an aqueous solution, from the pronounced changes in the plasmonic band at 540 nm. Complex A, lacking any coordinating site, can only generate outer‐sphere complexes with citrate–gold nanoparticles, but they are stable enough to give a strong SERS response, even at 10−8 M. At 10−6 M, agglomeration accompanies the decrease of the electrostatic repulsion, resulting in a sharp decay of the plasmon resonance band at 540 nm. This is followed by the rise of a plasmon coupling band above 700 nm. However, at 10−4 M, the excess of the complex in the adsorption layer produces a reverse effect, decreasing agglomeration. The observed Raman spectra are essentially similar for the several concentrations employed because the outer‐sphere interaction implies a SERS electromagnetic mechanism. In contrast, complex B exhibits several pyridine and pyrazine N‐atoms available to form inner‐sphere‐associated species. A selective enhancement of the SERS signals is observed at 10−8 M, clearly indicating a chemical mechanism, consistent with a bridging mode. At 10−6 M and above, the agglomeration leads to a plasmon coupling band at 800 nm, while the SERS response indicates a change in the binding modes dictated by the excess of the complexing molecules.
Synergetic effects and inhibition mechanisms of the polysaccharide‐selenium nanoparticle complex in human hepatocarcinoma cell proliferation
Authors: Wu Qingxi , Wang Xiaohui , Hao Siwei , Wu Yingchao , Zhang Wenna , Chen Lei , Yan Chao , Lu Yongming , Chen Yan , Ding Zhifeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDActive components from natural fungal products have shown promising potential as anti‐tumor therapeutic agents. In the search for anti‐tumor agents, research to overcome the drawbacks of high molecular weight and low bioavailability of pure polysaccharides, polysaccharide‐conjugated selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) has attracted much attention.RESULTSA novel polysaccharide‐selenium nanoparticle complex was produced, in which SeNPs were decorated with polysaccharide obtained from fermented mycelia broth of Lactarius deliciosus (FLDP). Transmission electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the FLDP‐SeNPs; and human hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2) was used to assess growth inhibition efficacy. The FLDP‐SeNPs that were prepared had a spherical shape with the smallest mean diameter of 32 nm. The FLDP‐SeNPs showed satisfactory dispersibility and stability after combination, demonstrating that a reliable consolidated structure had formed. The results revealed that FLDP‐SeNPs had notable growth inhibition effects on HepG2 cells. They reduced the membrane potential of mitochondria significantly, increased the generation of reactive oxygen species, enhanced levels of both Caspase‐3 and Caspase‐9, and led to the nucleus in a wrinkled form.CONCLUSIONThe FLDP‐SeNPs could exert a synergetic toxicity reduction and inhibition enhancement effect on HepG2 cells by inducing early apoptosis, through mitochondria‐mediated cytochrome C‐Caspases and reactive oxygen species‐induced DNA damage pathways. These results indicate that FLDP‐SeNP treatment of HepG2 cells induced early apoptosis with synergetic efficacy, showing that FLDP‐SeNPs can be useful as natural anti‐tumor agents. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Optimizing the winemaking process: NIR spectroscopy and e‐nose analysis for the online monitoring of fermentation
Authors: Littarru Eleonora , Modesti Margherita , Alfieri Gianmarco , Pettinelli Stefano , Floridia Giuseppe , Bellincontro Andrea , Sanmartin Chiara , Brizzolara Stefano 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the winemaking process, the rapid determination of specific quality parameters such as sugar content, pH, acidity, concentrations of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and volatile organic compounds is crucial for high‐quality wine production. Traditional analytical methods allow for precise quantification of these parameters but are time‐consuming and expensive. This article explores the potential application of non‐destructive analytical technique (NDAT) (near infra‐red [NIR] and e‐nose), as efficient alternatives for online monitoring of fermentation working on two different winemaking tanks and applying chemometrics to develop predictive models to correlate non‐destructive and analytical data.RESULTSNIR measurements have been used to build principal components regression models, showing good prediction capability for polyphenols, anthocyanins, glucose and fructose. Both offline and online e‐nose applications demonstrate good capability of discriminating different fermentation phases, in agreement with aromatic profile changes observed via gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis. Moreover, correlation analysis reveals the potential of quartz microbalances, Taguchi Gas Sensors and H2S sensors in predicting the concentration of compounds of great interest for winemaking (e.g. C6 alcohols, ketones, terpenes and ethyl esters) highlighting the robust connection between sensor data and specific chemical classes.CONCLUSIONThis research aims to showcase the potential employment of NDAT for online monitoring the evolution of must composition during fermentation. The proposed methods could potentially fulfil a longstanding requirement of winemakers, enabling them to closely monitor fermentation allowing the timely making of important technical decisions aimed at achieving oenological objectives in wine production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of a novel alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology of white feather broilers
Authors: Yi Wuzhou , Liu Yanjie , Fu Shijun , Zhuo Jianshu , Zhang Wenye , Liu Shiqi , Tu Yunang , Shan Tizhong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary novel alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis on the growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant status and intestinal morphology of broilers. In total, 4000 broilers were randomly assigned into five groups and treated with normal control, normal control + 100 mg kg−1 protease, normal control + 200 mg kg−1 protease, normal control + 300 mg kg−1 protease and normal control + 400 mg kg−1 protease.RESULTSSupplementing protease impacted final body weight (linear, P = 0.003; quadratic, P = 0.006) and decreased feed conversion rate (linear, P = 0.036) in broilers. Moreover, dietary protease significantly increased breast muscle rate (linear, P = 0.005; quadratic, P = 0.021) and decreased drip loss (linear, P < 0.001; quadratic, P < 0.001). In addition, dietary protease notably increased protein digestibility (linear, P = 0.001; quadratic, P = 0.006) and trypsin activity (linear, P = 0.002; quadratic, P = 0.009) in jejunum. Light microscopy revealed that the jejunum villi in the 300 mg kg−1 and 400 mg kg−1 groups exhibited greater height and a denser arrangement compared to those in the control group. The addition of protease decreased malondialdehyde content (linear, P < 0.001; quadratic, P < 0.001) and increased total antioxidant capacity (linear, P = 0.001; quadratic, P < 0.001) in pectoral muscles.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study suggest that dietary novel alkaline protease from B. licheniformis improved growth performance by affecting trypsin activity, protein digestibility, antioxidant capacity and intestinal health. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Green micellar liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of antihistaminic drugs tripelennamine hydrochloride and diphenhydramine in pharmaceutical gel
Authors: Hammad Sherin F. , El‐Malla Samah F. , El‐Khateeb Basma Z. 
Published: January 2024

A new green micellar liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of diphenhydramine (DPH) and tripelennamine hydrochloride (TRP) using a micellar mobile phase consisting of 1 mM Tween 20 in phosphate buffer pH 4:isopropanol (85:15, %v/v). The method was linear in the range of 4–150 and 5–120 μg/mL for TRP and DPH, respectively. The method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of DPH and TRP in a laboratory‐prepared gel containing all possible excipients with mean percent recoveries ± standard deviation of 100.346 ± 1.265 and 100.754 ± 1.117 for TRP and DPH, respectively. The method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The method is confirmed to have excellent greenness.
State of the science: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy
Authors: de Jongh Ad , de Roos Carlijn , El‐Leithy Sharif 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is an evidence‐based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with support from more than 30 published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrating its effectiveness in both adults and children. Most international clinical practice guidelines recommend EMDR therapy as a first‐line treatment for PTSD. This paper describes the current state of the evidence for EMDR therapy. We begin with a brief description of EMDR therapy and its theoretical framework. Next, we summarize the scientific support for its efficacy, effectiveness, and safety and discuss its applicability across cultures and with diverse populations. We conclude with suggestions for future directions to develop the research base and applications of EMDR therapy.