bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring under-five child malnutrition in Bangladesh: analysis using the Extended Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (ECIAF)
Authors: Bornee Farzana Akhter , Chowdhury Mohammad Rocky Khan , Siddiquea Bodrun Naher , Billah Baki , Akter Farjana , Karim Md Nazmul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
The current study is an attempt to explore under-five child malnutrition in a low-income population setting using the Extended Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (ECIAF).

Design:
Data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018 were analysed. Malnutrition using ECIAF was estimated using stunting, wasting underweight and overweight. Multilevel logistic regression models identified factors associated with malnutrition. Geospatial analysis was conducted using R programming.

Setting:
Bangladesh.

Participants:
Children under 5 years of age.

Results:
In Bangladesh, as indicated by the ECIAF, approximately 40·8 % (95 % CI: 39·7, 41·9) of children under five experience malnutrition, whereas about 3·3 % (95 % CI: 2·9, 3·7) were overweight. Children of parents with no formal education (56·3 %, 95 % CI: 50·8, 61·8), underweight mothers (53·4 %, 95 % CI: 50·4, 56·3), belonging to the lowest socio-economic strata (50·6 %, 95 % CI: 48·3, 53·0), residing in rural areas (43·3 %, 95 % CI: 41·9, 44·6) and aged below 3 years (47·7 %, 95 % CI: 45·2, 50·2) demonstrated a greater age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of malnutrition. The Sylhet division (Eastern region) exhibited a higher prevalence of malnutrition (> 55·0 %). Mothers with no formal education (adjusted OR (AOR): 1·51, 95 % CI: 1·08, 2·10), underweight mother (AOR: 1·54, 95 % CI: 1·03, 1·83), poorest socio-economic status (AOR: 2·14, 95 % CI: 1·64, 2·81), children aged 24–35 months (AOR: 2·37, 95 % CI: 1·97, 2·85) and fourth and above birth order children (AOR: 1·41, 95 % CI: 1·16, 1·72) were identified key factors associated with childhood malnutrition while adjusting community- and household-level variations.

Conclusions:
In Bangladesh, two out of five children were malnourished, and one in thirty-five children was overweight. Continuous monitoring of the ECIAF over time would facilitate tracking changes in the prevalence of different forms of malnutrition, helping to plan interventions and assess the effectiveness of interventions aimed at addressing both undernutrition and overweight.
The food environment in favelas is associated with the presence of arterial hypertension and diabetes in socially vulnerable women
Authors: Silva-Neto Luiz Gonzaga Ribeiro , de Menezes Risia Cristina Egito , Oliveira Juliana Souza , de Souza Nathalia Paula , dos Santos Thays Lane Ferreira , Florêncio Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the relationship between the food environment in favelas and the presence of arterial hypertension and diabetes among women in the context of social vulnerability.

Design:
A cross-sectional and partially ecological population-based study was conducted in a Brazilian capital city. The healthiness and availability of ultra-processed foods in the food environment were assessed through retailer audits using the AUDITNOVA instrument. The presence of diabetes and arterial hypertension was evaluated based on self-reported prior medical diagnosis. Logistic regression models were applied using generalised estimating equations, adjusted for age, education, race/skin colour and poverty status.

Participants:
1882 adult women of reproductive age (20–44 years).

Results:
It was found that 10·9 % of women were hypertensive and 3·2 % had diabetes. The likelihood of having diabetes and arterial hypertension decreases with higher levels of healthiness in the food environment (diabetes (OR: 0·25; 95 % CI: 0·07, 0·97)/arterial hypertension (OR: 0·45; 95 % CI: 0·24, 0·81)) and increases with greater availability of ultra-processed foods in their living area (diabetes (OR: 2·18; 95 % CI: 1·13, 4·21)/arterial hypertension (OR: 1·64; 95 % CI: 1·09, 2·47)).

Conclusions:
These results suggest that characteristics of the consumer food environment have a significant effect on the occurrence of chronic diseases among socially vulnerable women, adding to the existing evidence in the literature and highlighting the need for integrated health care.
FORCINN: First‐Order Reversal Curve Inversion of Magnetite Using Neural Networks
Authors: Pei Zhaowen , Williams Wyn , Nagy Lesleis , Paterson Greig A. , Moreno Roberto , Muxworthy Adrian R. , Chang Liao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFirst‐order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams are a standard rock magnetic tool for analyzing bulk magnetic hysteresis behaviors, which are used to estimate the magnetic mineralogies and magnetic domain states of grains within natural materials. However, the interpretation of FORC distributions is challenging due to complex domain‐state responses, which introduce well‐documented uncertainties and subjectivity. Here, we propose a neural network algorithm (FORCINN) to invert the size and aspect ratio distribution from measured FORC data. We trained and tested the FORCINN model using a data set of synthetic numerical FORCs for single magnetite grains with various grain‐sizes (45–400 nm) and aspect ratios (oblate and prolate grains). In addition to successfully testing against synthetic data sets, FORCINN was found to provide good estimates of the grain‐size distributions for basalt samples and identify sample size differences in marine sediments.
Strong Effects of Increased Hydrostatic Pressure on Polysaccharide‐Hydrolyzing Enzyme Activities in Coastal Seawater and Sediments
Authors: Lloyd C. Chad , Balmonte John Paul , Glud Ronnie N. , Arnosti Carol 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHeterotrophic microorganisms are responsible for transforming and respiring a substantial fraction of the organic matter produced by phytoplankton in the surface ocean. Much of this organic matter is composed of polysaccharides, high‐molecular weight (HMW) sugars. To initiate degradation of polysaccharides, microorganisms must produce extracellular enzymes of the right structural specificity to hydrolyze these complex structures. To date, most measurements of enzyme activities are made at in situ temperatures, but at atmospheric pressure. However, previous studies have shown that hydrostatic pressure can impact the functionality of enzymes. Since deep sea communities may be seeded by microbes from shallow waters, we aimed to determine if pressure affects the performance of enzymes from coastal waters. To determine the extent to which enzymatic activities of coastal microbial communities are affected by pressure, we quantified the degradation of seven polysaccharides under pressures ranging from 0.1 MPa (atmospheric) to 40 MPa (equivalent to 4,000 m). Enzyme activities of pelagic communities were inhibited with increased pressure, while enzyme activities of benthic microbial communities were more resistant to increased pressure. Addition of HMW organic matter resulted in communities with enzyme activities that were more resistant to increased pressure. However, the freely‐dissolved enzymes (<0.2 μm) produced by these communities were strongly inhibited by increased hydrostatic pressure, suggesting that the pressure‐resistant enzymes were cell‐surface attached. Because pressure inhibition of enzyme activities varied strongly by polysaccharide, we surmise that the structural complexity of a polysaccharide—and therefore the number of distinct enzymes required for hydrolysis—is likely closely associated with pressure inhibition.
Suppressing astrocytic GABA transaminase enhances tonic inhibition and weakens hippocampal spatial memory
Authors: Park Mingu Gordon , Lim Jiwoon , Kim Daeun , Lee Won-Seok , Yoon Bo-Eun , Lee C. Justin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pharmacological suppression of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase (GABA-T), the sole GABA-degrading enzyme and a potential therapeutic target for treating brain disorders such as epilepsy, increases not only phasic inhibition but also tonic inhibition. However, the specific cellular source, neuromodulatory effects and potential therapeutic benefits of this enhanced tonic inhibition remain unexplored due to the lack of cell-type-specific gene manipulation studies. Here we report that the increase in tonic GABA currents observed after GABA-T suppression is predominantly due to increased tonic GABA release from astrocytes rather than action-potential-dependent synaptic GABA spillover. General GABA-T knockdown (KD) by a short hairpin RNA considerably increased tonic GABA currents in dentate granule cells, thereby enhancing tonic inhibition. An astrocyte-specific rescue of GABA-T following general GABA-T KD normalized the elevated tonic GABA currents to near control levels. Tetrodotoxin-insensitive tonic GABA currents were significantly increased after general GABA-T KD, whereas tetrodotoxin-sensitive tonic GABA currents showed no significant increase, suggesting that this enhanced tonic inhibition is primarily action-potential independent. General GABA-T KD reduced the spike probability of granule cells and impaired dorsal hippocampus-dependent spatial memory, which were fully reversed by astrocyte-specific GABA-T rescue. These findings suggest that suppressing astrocytic GABA-T may be sufficient to influence the excitatory/inhibitory balance in the brain and associated behaviors. Our study implies that the therapeutic benefits of pharmacological GABA-T suppression may be largely attributed to the modulation of astrocytic GABA-T and its impact on tonic GABA release from astrocytes.
Multi-parameter control of photodetection in van der Waals magnet CrSBr
Authors: Yang Shiqi , Song Zhigang , Gao Yuchen , Huang Leyan , Huang Xinyue , Gu Pingfan , Liu Wenjing , Chen Zuxin , Ye Yu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Photodetectors equipped with multi-parameter control hold the potential to deliver exceptional performance in a wide range of scenarios, paving the way for developing novel spin-opto-electronic devices. Nevertheless, the integration of such capabilities within a single device is challenging due to the necessity of harmonizing multiple materials with varying degrees of freedom. In this study, we introduce the van der Waals magnet CrSBr, featuring inherent anisotropy and distinctive spin-electronic coupling, to this realm. The linear dichroic ratio of the photocurrent in CrSBr tunneling device can reach ~60 at 1.65 K, and the photoresponse experiences a significant boost with increasing magnetic field. Additionally, the unique spin-charge coupling engenders a photon energy-dependent photocurrent that is modulated by an external field and is validated by first-principle calculations. Our findings elucidate the effective multi-parameter control of photodetection based on vdWs magnet CrSBr, highlighting its potential applications in cutting-edge optoelectronic devices and as a highly sensitive probe medium.
Plant-nanoparticles enhance anti-PD-L1 efficacy by shaping human commensal microbiota metabolites
Authors: Teng Yun , Luo Chao , Qiu Xiaolan , Mu Jingyao , Sriwastva Mukesh K. , Xu Qingbo , Liu Minmin , Hu Xin , Xu Fangyi , Zhang Lifeng , Park Juw Won , Hwang Jae Yeon , Kong Maiying , Liu Zhanxu , Zhang Xiang , Xu Raobo , Yan Jun , Merchant Michael L. , McClain Craig J. , Zhang Huang-Ge 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Diet has emerged as a key impact factor for gut microbiota function. However, the complexity of dietary components makes it difficult to predict specific outcomes. Here we investigate the impact of plant-derived nanoparticles (PNP) on gut microbiota and metabolites in context of cancer immunotherapy with the humanized gnotobiotic mouse model. Specifically, we show that ginger-derived exosome-like nanoparticle (GELN) preferentially taken up by Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae mediated by digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and glycine, respectively. We further demonstrate that GELN aly-miR159a-3p enhances anti-PD-L1 therapy in melanoma by inhibiting the expression of recipient bacterial phospholipase C (PLC) and increases the accumulation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). An increased level of circulating DHA inhibits PD-L1 expression in tumor cells by binding the PD-L1 promoter and subsequently prevents c-myc-initiated transcription of PD-L1. Colonization of germ-free male mice with gut bacteria from anti-PD-L1 non-responding patients supplemented with DHA enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy compared to controls. Our findings reveal a previously unknown mechanistic impact of PNP on human tumor immunotherapy by modulating gut bacterial metabolic pathways.
Lunar and Martian gravity alter immune cell interactions with endothelia in parabolic flight
Authors: Du Yu , Han Bing , Biere Katharina , Abdelmalek Nathalie , Shu Xinyu , Song Chaoyang , Chen Guangyao , Li Ning , Tuschen Marina , Wu Huan , Sun Shujin , Choukér Alexander , Long Mian , Moser Dominique 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Returning to the moon and traveling to Mars represent the main targets of human space exploration missions within the upcoming decades. Comparable to microgravity, partial gravity in these destinations is assumed to dysregulate immune functions, thereby threatening astronauts´ health. To investigate the impact of partial gravity on immune cell attachment to vessel endothelia, THP-1 cells and HUVEC cell layers were monitored in a flow chamber system during parabolic flight in lunar (0.16 g) or Martian (0.38 g) gravity. Focus was set on floating speed, cell adhesion, surface molecule expression and cytoskeletal reorganization under basal and TNF-induced inflammatory environment. Floating speed of THP-1 cells was increased in partial gravity, which was accompanied by a successively lower adhesion to the endothelial HUVEC cells. Expression levels of the adhesion markers Mac-1 on THP-1 cells as well as ICAM-1 on HUVECs were found elevated in lunar and Martian gravity, which was aggravated by TNF. Analysis of cytoskeletal organization in HUVECs revealed reduced intracellular F-actin microfilament networks and a stronger cell directionality with stress fiber alignment at cell borders in partial gravity, which was intensified by TNF. In summary, altered immune cell - endothelium interactions as quantified in partial gravity conditions show similarities to cellular behavior in microgravity. However, the different magnitudes of effects in dependence of gravitational level still need to be assessed in further investigations.
QeMFi: A Multifidelity Dataset of Quantum Chemical Properties of Diverse Molecules
Authors: Vinod Vivin , Zaspel Peter 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Progress in both Machine Learning (ML) and Quantum Chemistry (QC) methods have resulted in high accuracy ML models for QC properties. Datasets such as MD17 and WS22 have been used to benchmark these models at a given level of QC method, or fidelity, which refers to the accuracy of the chosen QC method. Multifidelity ML (MFML) methods, where models are trained on data from more than one fidelity, have shown to be effective over single fidelity methods. Much research is progressing in this direction for diverse applications ranging from energy band gaps to excitation energies. One hurdle for effective research here is the lack of a diverse multifidelity dataset for benchmarking. We provide the Quantum chemistry MultiFidelity (QeMFi) dataset consisting of five fidelities calculated with the TD-DFT formalism. The fidelities differ in their basis set choice: STO-3G, 3-21G, 6-31G, def2-SVP, and def2-TZVP. QeMFi offers to the community a variety of QC properties such as vertical excitation properties and molecular dipole moments. Further QeMFi offers QC computation times allowing for a time benefit benchmark of multifidelity models for ML-QC.
Enhancing urban air quality prediction using time-based-spatial forecasting framework
Authors: Jayaraman Shrikar , T Nathezhtha , S Abirami , G Sakthivel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Air quality forecasting plays a pivotal role in environmental management, public health and urban planning. This research presents a comprehensive approach for forecasting the Air Quality Index (AQI). The proposed Time-Based-Spatial (TBS) forecasting framework is integrated with spatial and temporal information using machine learning techniques on data collected from a wide range of cities. The TBS employs Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to capture spatial dependencies based on normalized latitude and longitude coordinates of the cities. Simultaneously, time series model, specifically the ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) was employed to capture temporal dependencies using pollutant concentration readings over time. The dataset included information such as date, time, pollutant concentrations and AQI was further preprocessed and divided into training and testing sets. The CNN was configured to utilize the normalized latitude and longitude grid, while the ARIMA model concurrently processed the pollutant concentrations. The model was trained on the training dataset, and a 6 hour forecast is generated for each test instance. The outcomes demonstrate the TBS model’s ability to accurately predict AQI values. The integration of CNNs and time series model allowed for an clearer and deeper understanding of geographical and pollutant concentration factors that contribute to air quality variations.
Polypharmacy and self-medication among older adults in Indian urban communities—a cross-sectional study
Authors: Das Saibal , Gnanavel Pavithra , Smanla Shalini , Saikia Anku Moni , Mishra Shilpi , Khare Shweta , Murugan S. Arun , Prakash Vadanere Nidhi , Roychoudhury Parimita , Ahmad Ishteyaque , Diwan Vishal , Rajesh J. , Kumar K. Sathish , Kishore Jugal , Srivastava Namita , Yasmin Sabrina , Nasrin Mahmuda , Borah Rinku , Basistha Mandeep Sarma , Baruah Chetanjit , Kalita Manoj , Samajdar Shambo Samrat , Cherian Jerin Jose , Pathak Ashish , Panda Samiran , Tripathi Santanu Kumar , Lundborg Cecilia Stålsby 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Older adults are vulnerable to unsafe medication practices. This cross-sectional study estimated the prevalence and factors of polypharmacy and self-medication among 600 older adults from six Indian cities. The updated Screening Tool of Older Persons’ Prescriptions and Screening Tool to Alert to Right Treatment criteria (version 3) were used. Knowledge, attitudes, and reported practices regarding self-medication were assessed. Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression, and multivariable analysis were used. The prevalence of polypharmacy was 33.7% (95% CI 29.9–37.6%), with significant associations to multiple comorbidities [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.5 (95% CI 1.1–4.1)], recent transition of care [aOR 3.3 (95% CI 1.4–5.7)], and recent hospitalization [aOR 4.6 (95% CI 2–7.7)]. The proportions of prescriptions with potentially inappropriate medications and potential prescribing omissions were 28.8% (95% CI 25.2–32.6%) and 20.3% (95% CI 17.2–23.8%), respectively. The prevalence of self-medication was 19.7% (95% CI 16.6–23.1%), associated with factors, such as staying alone [aOR 4.5 (95% CI 2.4–6.6)], multiple comorbidities [aOR 3 (95% CI 1.4–6.7)], and recent hospitalization [aOR 4.8 (95% CI 1.5–8)]. Among those who self-medicated, 65.3% lacked knowledge of self-medication, 50% did not comprehend the risks, and 40.7% reported unsafe self-medication practices. The findings emphasize interventions’ necessity for promoting safe medication use in older adults.
Autoimmunity promotes chronic lymphocytic leukemia progression in an indolent disease model
Authors: Pfeuffer Lisa , Siegert Viola , Trozzo Riccardo , Steiger Katja , Rad Roland , Ruland Jürgen , Buchner Maike 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous B cell malignancy characterized by the accumulation of functionally incompetent B lymphocytes. Despite the availability of highly effective treatments, CLL remains incurable, and the factors contributing to disease progression are not fully understood. Autoimmune complications frequently arise in CLL patients and are associated with poor clinical prognosis. This study investigates the connection between plasma cell-mediated autoimmunity and CLL progression using a mouse model that expresses an active Receptor Activator of NF-κB (RANK) in B cells (RK mice), where autoimmune manifestations coexist with CLL. Transcriptional profiling of RANK-driven leukemic cells revealed a more indolent form of CLL compared to the classical TCL1 model. The discovery of near-identical CDR3 regions in both plasma and CLL cells of RK mice suggests a shared progenitor and antigen driving both conditions. Deletion of Blimp-1, which prevents plasma cell differentiation, initially enhanced B1/CLL formation in young mice but nearly halted CLL progression, highlighting the significant influence of autoimmune complications on disease outcomes. This research underscores the intertwined nature of autoimmunity and CLL, suggesting that targeting inflammatory pathways could offer therapeutic potential for managing both conditions.
Actinorhodopsin: an efficient and robust light-driven proton pump for bionanotechnological applications
Authors: Ayoub Nooraldeen , Djabeur Nadia , Harder Daniel , Jeckelmann Jean-Marc , Ucurum Zöhre , Hirschi Stephan , Fotiadis Dimitrios 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Actinorhodopsins are encoded by a distinct group of microbial rhodopsin (MR) genes predominant in non-marine actinobacteria. Despite their role in the global energy cycle and potential for bionanotechnological applications, our understanding of actinorhodopsin proteins is limited. Here, we characterized the actinorhodopsin RlActR from the freshwater actinobacterium Rhodoluna lacicola, which conserves amino acid residues critical for light-driven proton pumping found in MRs. RlActR was efficiently overexpressed in Escherichia coli in milligram amounts and isolated with high purity and homogeneity. The purified RlActR absorbed green light and its primary proton acceptor exhibited a mildly acidic apparent pK

a
. Size-exclusion chromatography of RlActR purified in the relatively mild and harsh detergents 5-cyclohexyl-1-pentyl-β-D-maltoside and n-octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside revealed highly homogeneous oligomers and no disruption into monomers, indicating significant robustness of the RlActR oligomer. Cryo-electron microscopy and 2D classification of protein particles provided a projection structure identifying the oligomeric state of RlActR as a pentamer. Efficient establishment of a proton gradient across lipid membranes upon light illumination was demonstrated using RlActR-overexpressing E. coli cells and reconstituted RlActR proteoliposomes. In summary, these features make RlActR an attractive energizing building block for the bottom-up assembly of molecular systems for bionanotechnological applications.