bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD11c+ B cells in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis and effects of anti‐CD20 therapy
Authors: El Mahdaoui Sahla , Hansen Marie Mathilde , von Essen Marina Rode , Hvalkof Victoria Hyslop , Holm Hansen Rikke , Mahler Mie Reith , Jennum Poul , Sellebjerg Finn , Romme Christensen Jeppe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesB cells are important in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. It is yet unknown which subsets may be involved, but atypical B cells have been proposed as mediators of autoimmunity. In this study, we investigated differences in B‐cell subsets between controls and patients with untreated and anti‐CD20‐treated multiple sclerosis.MethodsWe recruited 155 participants for an exploratory cohort comprising peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and a validation cohort comprising peripheral blood. Flow cytometry was used to characterize B‐cell phenotypes and effector functions of CD11c+ atypical B cells.ResultsThere were no differences in circulating B cells between controls and untreated multiple sclerosis. As expected, anti‐CD20‐treated patients had a markedly lower B‐cell count. Of B cells remaining after treatment, we observed higher proportions of CD11c+ B cells and plasmablasts. CD11c+ B cells were expanded in cerebrospinal fluid compared to peripheral blood in controls and untreated multiple sclerosis. Surprisingly, the proportion of CD11c+ cerebrospinal fluid B cells was higher in controls and after anti‐CD20 therapy than in untreated multiple sclerosis. Apart from the presence of plasmablasts, the cerebrospinal fluid B‐cell composition after anti‐CD20 therapy resembled that of controls. CD11c+ B cells demonstrated a high potential for both proinflammatory and regulatory cytokine production.InterpretationThe study demonstrates that CD11c+ B cells and plasmablasts are less efficiently depleted by anti‐CD20 therapy, and that CD11c+ B cells comprise a phenotypically and functionally distinct, albeit heterogenous, B‐cell subset with the capacity of exerting both proinflammatory and regulatory functions.
Fuzzy adaptive containment control for fractional‐order heterogeneous nonlinear multi‐agent systems with mixed time‐varying delays
Authors: Xia Zhile 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThis study investigates the issue of containment control (CC) of multi‐agent systems (MASs) that are heterogeneous, nonlinear, and fractional‐order while taking practical scenarios into account, such as uncertainties, unknown nonlinearities, time‐varying state delays, and distributed time‐varying delays. A fully distributed adaptive observer is created for each follower in accordance with the communication topology information among agents. This observer is designed to estimate the convex combination information of the leaders. The approach utilizes interval type‐2 fuzzy set theory and adaptive methods to design a distributed containment control strategy that only uses the self‐information of the followers and neighbor nodes' information. Sufficient conditions for implementing containment control are given. A new Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional (LKF) is constructed, and the stability of the system with feedback loop is proven using fractional‐order theory and inequality methods. Lastly, a simulation example is presented to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Statistical Copolymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly (stat‐PISA) for Colloidal Hydrogels
Authors: Zhu Ruixue , Zheng Yinan , Zhang Qingzhou , Yu Chunyang , Zhang Zhijun , Huo Meng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDespite recent advances in colloidal hydrogels, designing general and robust strategies that enable the controlled fabrication of colloidal hydrogels with strong mechanical properties still proves challenging. Herein, the statistical copolymerization‐induced self‐assembly (stat‐PISA) of monomers with hydrogen bonding ability is developed as a general strategy for colloidal hydrogels with high stretchability, anti‐swelling, and self‐healing abilities. This concept is first verified by the statistical dispersion copolymerization of acrylic acid and diacetone acrylamide, yielding statistical copolymer colloidal particles that further coalesced into a 3D colloidal network due to the hydrogen bonding interactions and hydrophobic microdomains on the colloidal surface. Both the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the colloidal hydrogels can be readily regulated by varying the stat‐PISA formulation. Besides, the colloidal hydrogel is developed as a selective dye adsorbent, with excellent selectivity for positively charged dyes. Due to its anti‐swelling property, the colloidal hydrogel is evaluated as a flexible strain sensor for motion detection underwater. The broad feasibility of this strategy is demonstrated by three additional stat‐PISA formulations, which all yielded colloidal hydrogels with good mechanical properties. This strategy is anticipated to inspire the design of colloidal hydrogels with robust mechanics and tailor‐made functionality, and broaden the potential applications of colloidal hydrogels.
Ultrasmall Nanoparticles Regulate Immune Microenvironment by Activating IL‐33/ST2 to Alleviate Renal Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Xu Liyao , Xing Zhaoyu , Yuan Jiaxin , Han Yaobao , Jiang Zhilin , Han Mengxiao , Hou Xianao , Xing Wei , Li Zhen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRenal ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common disease with high morbidity and mortality. Renal IRI can cause the disorder of immune microenvironment and reprograming the immune microenvironment to alleviate excessive inflammatory response is crucial for its treatment. Cytokine IL‐33 can improve the immune inflammatory microenvironment by modulating both innate and adaptive immune cells, and serve as an important target for modulating immune microenvironment of renal IRI. Herein, we report that bilobetin‐functionalized ultrasmall Cu2−xSe nanoparticles (i.e., CSPB NPs) can activate the PKA/p‐CREB/IL‐33/ST2 signaling pathway to regulate innate and adaptive immune cells for reprograming the immune microenvironment of IRI‐induced acute kidney injury. The biocompatible CSPB NPs can promote the polarization of M1‐like macrophages into M2‐like macrophages, and the expansion of ILC2 and Treg cells by activating IL‐33/ST2 to modulate the excessive immune inflammatory response of renal IRI. More importantly, they can rapidly accumulate at the injured kidney to significantly alleviate IRI. This work demonstrates that modulating the expression of cytokines to reprogram immune microenvironment has great potential in the treatment of renal IRI and other ischemic diseases.
Multifunctional Cu2Se/F127 Hydrogel with SOD‐Like Enzyme Activity for Efficient Wound Healing
Authors: He Jia , Zhang Wei , Cui Yuyu , Cheng Liang , Chen Xu‐Lin , Wang Xianwen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFree radicals are secreted following skin damage and cause oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions that increase the difficulty of wound healing. In this study, copper‐based nanozyme Cu2Se nanosheets (NSs) are synthesized by an anion‐exchange strategy and apply to wounds with F127 hydrogels to investigate the healing effect of this nanozyme composite hydrogels on wounds. Cu2Se NSs have a large number of catalytically active centers, are simple to synthesize, require few reaction conditions and have a short synthesis cycle. In vitro experiments have shown that Cu2Se NSs possess superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐like activity and nitrogen radical scavenging activity and promote angiogenesis and fibroblast migration. The doping of Cu2Se NSs into the F127 hydrogel does not have a significantly affect on the properties of the hydrogel. This hybridized hydrogel not only adapts to the irregular and complex morphology of acute wounds but also prolongs the duration of nanozyme action on the wound, thus promoting wound healing. Transcriptomic analysis further reveals the potential therapeutic mechanism of the Cu2Se/F127 hydrogel in promoting acute wound healing. Animal experiments have shown that the Cu2Se/F127 hydrogel has good biosafety. The Cu2Se/F127 hydrogel provides an innovative idea for the development of hydrogel dressings for the treatment of acute wounds.
Sub‐Second Long Lifetime Triplet Exciton Reservoir for Highly Efficient and Stable Organic Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Tang Zhenyu , Lyu Fang , Gu Jiannan , Guo Haoqing , Yu Wenjin , Zou Yu , Gong Lefan , Tang Rong , Qu Bo , Guo Xuan , Chen Yan , Deng Yongkai , Bian Mengying , Li Yan , Zhang Dongdong , Wei Mingyang , Park So Min , Xia Pan , Lv Yao , Gong Qihuang , Wang Shufeng , Chen Zhijian , Xiao Lixin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn organic light‐emitting diode (OLED), achieving high efficiency requires effective triplet exciton confinement by carrier‐transporting materials, which typically have higher triplet energy (ET) than the emitter, leading to poor stability. Here, an electron‐transporting material (ETM), whose ET is 0.32 eV lower than that of the emitter is reported. In devices, it surprisingly exhibits strong confinement effect and generates excellent efficiency. Additionally, the device operational lifetime is 4.9 times longer than the device with a standard ETM, 1,3,5‐tri(1‐phenyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl) phenyl (whose ET 0.36 eV is higher than the emitter). This anomalous finding is ascribed to the exceptionally long triplet state lifetime (≈0.2 s) of the ETM. It is named as long‐lifetime triplet exciton reservoir effect. The systematic analysis reveals that the long triplet lifetime of ETM can compensate the requirement for high ET with the help of endothermic energy transfer. Such combination of low ET and long lifetime provides equivalent exciton confinement effect and high molecular stability simultaneously. It offers a novel molecular design paradigm for breaking the dilemma between high efficiency and prolonged operational lifetime in OLEDs.
“Cell Disk” DNA Storage System Capable of Random Reading and Rewriting
Authors: Hou Zhaohua , Qiang Wei , Wang Xiangxiang , Chen Xiaoxu , Hu Xin , Han Xuye , Shen Wenlu , Zhang Bing , Xing Peng , Shi Wenping , Dai Junbiao , Huang Xiaoluo , Zhao Guanghou 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDNA has emerged as an appealing material for information storage due to its great storage density and durability. Random reading and rewriting are essential tasks for practical large‐scale data storage. However, they are currently difficult to implement simultaneously in a single DNA‐based storage system, strongly limiting their practicability. Here, a “Cell Disk” storage system is presented, achieving high‐density in vivo DNA data storage that enables both random reading and rewriting. In this system, each yeast cell is used as a chamber to store information, similar to a “disk block” but with the ability to self‐replicate. Specifically, each genome of yeast cell has a customized CRISPR/Cas9‐based “lock‐and‐key” module inserted, which allows selective retrieval, erasure, or rewriting of the targeted cell “block” from a pool of cells (“disk”). Additionally, a codec algorithm with lossless compression ability is developed to improve the information density of each cell “block”. As a proof of concept, target‐specific reading and rewriting of the compressed data from a mimic cell “disk” comprising up to 105 “blocks” are demonstrated and achieve high specificity and reliability. The “Cell Disk” system described here concurrently supports random reading and rewriting, and it should have great scalability for practical data storage use.
Comprehensive Insight into the Structure Contribution of A2‐A1‐D‐A1‐A2 Acceptor to Performance of P3HT Solar Cells
Authors: Geng Yanfang , Chen You , Du Mengzhen , Wu Hongbo , Ma Zaifei , Xiao Bo , Wang Helin , Tang Ailing , Sun Xiangnan , Zhong Yufei , Zhou Erjun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPoly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) acting as one of the most popular and low‐cost polymers is quite suitable for commercialization of organic solar cells but suffers from low power conversion efficiency (PCE) because of the limited matching non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs). One important reason that restricts the enhancement but remains unresolved is the undisclosed contributions of the subtle structure modification to the obvious performance change. In combination with the previous reports and this work, herein A2‐A1‐D‐A1‐A2 type NFAs with single, dual, and triple modifications based on parent BTA3 is designed, including benzyl‐substitution on A2 group (namely Bn modification), fluorine‐substitution on A1 group (namely F modification), and thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐substitution on D group (namely TT modification). It is finally found that the binary devices of P3HT with these NFAs underwent unexpected variations in the aspect of molecular optoelectronic property, blend morphological feature and charge generation process. The triple modification (including Bn, F, and TT) gives full play to their unique advantages and consequently increases PCE by 60%. To the knowledge, the obtained optimal PCE is one of the highest values for A2‐A1‐D‐A1‐A2 type NFAs. This study provides clearer insights into the rational substitutions on the A2‐A1‐D‐A1‐A2 acceptors matched with P3HT for high‐performance organic photovoltaics.
Morphological and genetic evidence suggest gene flow among native and naturalized mint species
Authors: Olofsson Jill K. , Tyler Torbjörn , Dunning Luke T. , Hjertson Mats , Rühling Åke , Hansen Anders J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPremiseCultivation and naturalization of plants beyond their natural range can bring previously geographically isolated taxa together, increasing the opportunity for hybridization, the outcomes of which are not predictable. Here, we explored the phenotypic and genomic effects of interspecific gene flow following the widespread cultivation of Mentha spicata (spearmint), M. longifolia, and M. suaveolens.MethodsWe morphologically evaluated 155 herbarium specimens of three Mentha species and sequenced the genomes of a subset of 93 specimens. We analyzed the whole genomes in a population and the phylogenetic framework and associated genomic classifications in conjunction with the morphological assessments.ResultsThe allopolyploid M. spicata, which likely evolved in cultivation, had altered trichome characters, that is possibly a product of human selection for a more palatable plant or a byproduct of selection for essential oils. There were signs of genetic admixture between mints, including allopolyploids, indicating that the reproductive barriers between Mentha species with differences in ploidy are likely incomplete. Still, despite gene flow between species, we found that genetic variants associated with the cultivated trichome morphology continue to segregate.ConclusionsAlthough hybridization, allopolyploidization, and human selection during cultivation can increase species richness (e.g., by forming hybrid taxa), we showed that unless reproductive barriers are strong, these processes can also result in mixing of genes between species and the potential loss of natural biodiversity.
The evolution of glandularity as a defense against herbivores in the tarweed clade
Authors: Pearse Ian S. , LoPresti Eric , Baldwin Bruce G. , Krimmel Billy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPremiseGlandular trichomes are implicated in direct and indirect defense of plants. However, the degree to which glandular and non‐glandular trichomes have evolved as a consequence of herbivory remains unclear, because their heritability, their association with herbivore resistance, their trade‐offs with one another, and their association with other functions are rarely quantified.MethodsWe conducted a phylogenetic comparison of trichomes and herbivore resistance against the generalist caterpillar, Heliothis virescens, among tarweed species (Asteraceae: Madiinae) and a genetic correlation study comparing those same traits among maternal half‐sibs of three tarweed species.ResultsWithin a tarweed species, we found no evidence that herbivore growth rate decreased on tarweed individuals or maternal sib groups with more glandularity or denser trichomes. However, tarweed species with more glandularity and fewer non‐glandular trichomes resulted in slower‐growing herbivores. Likewise, a trade‐off between glandular and non‐glandular trichomes was apparent among tarweed species, but not among individuals or sib groups within a species.ConclusionsOur results suggest that this key herbivore does not select for trichomes as a direct defense in tarweed species. However, trichomes differed substantially among species and likely affect herbivore pressure on those species. Our results demonstrate that trade‐offs among plant traits, as well as inference on the function of those traits, can depend on scale.
Anomaly Non‐Renormalization, Lattice QFT, and Universality of Transport Coefficients
Authors: Mastropietro Vieri 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently new methods have been introduced to investigate the non‐renormalization properties of the anomalies at a non perturbative level and in presence of a lattice. The issue is relevant in a number of problems ranging from the anomaly‐free construction of chiral lattice gauge theory with large cut‐off to the universality properties observed in transport coefficients in condensed matter systems. A review of main results and future perspectives is presented.
Highly Stable Photo‐Assisted Zinc‐Ion Batteries via Regulated Photo‐Induced Proton Transfer
Authors: Zha Wenwen , Ruan Qiushi , Ma Long , Liu Meng , Lin Huiwen , Sun Litao , Sun ZhengMing , Tao Li 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhoto‐assisted ion batteries utilize light to boost capacity but face cycling instability due to complex charge/ion transfer under illumination. This study identified photo‐induced proton transfer (photo‐induced PT) as a significant process in photo‐(dis)charging of widely‐used V2O5‐based zinc‐ion batteries, contributing to enhanced capacity under illumination but jeopardizing photo‐stability. Photo‐induced PT occurs at 100 ps after photo‐excitation, inducing rapid proton extraction into V2O5 photoelectrode. This process creates a proton‐deficient microenvironment on surface, leading to repetitive cathode dissolution and anode corrosion in each cycle. Enabling the intercalated protons from photo‐induced PT to be reversibly employed in charge‐discharge processes via the anode‐alloying strategy achieves high photo‐stability for the battery. Consequently, a ~54 % capacity enhancement was achieved in a V2O5‐based zinc‐ion battery under illumination, with ~90 % capacity retention after 4000 cycles. This extends the photo‐stability record by 10 times. This study offers promising advancements in energy storage by addressing instability issues in photo‐assisted ion batteries.
The tympanic region of the skull in extant pinnipeds: A pilot study of auditory morphological disparity using linear morphometric principal component analysis
Authors: Koper Lindsey , Koretsky Irina A. , Rahmat Sulman J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPinnipeds are unique semiaquatic taxa possessing adaptations to hear efficiently both in water and on land. Research over the past century is extremely limited on the auditory apparatus morphology of pinnipeds, which include the Families Phocidae (true seals), Otariidae (sea lions/fur seals), and Odobenidae (walruses). Our extensive literature review revealed inaccurate terminology of this region, with details corresponding only to terrestrial taxa, and a severe lack of information due to very few current studies. This demonstrates the need for evaluation and comparison of the auditory morphologies of modern terrestrial and semiaquatic carnivorans in relation to hearing. This initial study compares tympanic bullar morphologies of Phocidae to other pinnipeds and representatives of terrestrial carnivoran families. Morphological correlations of the basicranial auditory region were also compared within phocid subfamilies. Eleven skull measurements and about eleven calculated ratios were included in multiple principal component analyses to determine what areas of the auditory apparatus had the most significant morphological variation. This is the first study using this methodology, especially in reference to the hearing adaptations of pinnipeds, specifically in phocids. Results demonstrate distinct trends in phocid bullar morphology relative to other pinnipeds. Analyses reveal that: (1) phocids generally have different bullar morphology than otariids and odobenids; (2) Neomonachus schauinslandi (Hawaiian monk seal) and Neomonachus tropicalis (Caribbean monk seal) have unique morphology compared to phocids and other pinnipeds. Future work with increased number of specimens will further substantiate these findings and both ontogenetic and sexual variations will be examined.
From generosity to gratitude: Exploring Islamic views on body donation, human dissection, and honoring the gift of life
Authors: Hadie Siti Nurma Hanim , Gasmalla Hosam Eldeen Elsadig , Wadi Majed M. , Zainul Abidin Mohd Asri , Yusoff Muhamad Saiful Bahri 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHuman dissection is an ancient pedagogical method that is still relevant in modern anatomy curricula. The body procurement process for dissection purposes has undergone significant evolution from the medieval era until now, whereby body donation has become the main source for human bodies in medical education. The appreciation ceremony for body donors is an excellent way to promote a body donation program, whereby both dissection and appreciation ceremonies are effective in inculcating professional behaviors and altruism among medical students. Despite the benefits of dissection and such ceremonies, conflicting ideas about the acceptability of these methods exist among Muslim scholars and students. Hence, this article provides a theological Islamic interpretation of human dissection, body donation, and appreciation ceremonies from four sources of Islamic law—the Qur'an, Hadith, Idjmaa, and Qiyas—to justify Muslims' involvement in the aforementioned. It is important to note that the fundamentals of Islam are submission to the will of the one and only God, Allah Subhanahu wa ta'ala (SWT) and recognition of Prophet Muhamad (peace be upon him) as the last messenger of God. Therefore, the actions of a Muslim are strongly based on faith and virtue.
Autistic identity: A systematic review of quantitative research
Authors: Davies Jade , Cooper Kate , Killick Estelle , Sam Evelyn , Healy Molly , Thompson Grace , Mandy Will , Redmayne Benjamin , Crane Laura 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAutism can be considered both a personal and social identity. Identifying the factors contributing to positive Autistic identity development is crucial given the potential implications for mental health and wellbeing. In this systematic review, we aimed to synthesize quantitative literature on Autistic identity to identify the (individual and environmental) factors associated with Autistic identity, and to ascertain the relationship between Autistic identity and mental health and wellbeing. A total of 3,617 studies were screened and 20 met our inclusion criteria. Results indicated that people developed a more positive Autistic identity when receiving external autism acceptance and external support. The association between individual factors and Autistic identity were largely nonsignificant or inconclusive, highlighting the need for broad support that meets the needs of a range of Autistic people, rather than specific subgroups. Importantly, positive Autistic identity was associated with improved mental health and wellbeing. Peer support and/or self‐directed support resources may be valuable mechanisms for supporting Autistic people to cultivate a positive Autistic identity. The evaluation of such support, including the long‐term impacts on identity development, will be a critical avenue for future research.