bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ohio: Gender Power in a Time of Leadership Transition
Authors: Rosenthal Cindy Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On February 22, 1995, Senator Merle Kearns was presiding over one of her first meetings as chair of the Human Services and Aging Committee. A standing-room-only crowd was on hand to hear a bill dealing with child custody and parental responsibilities in cases of divorce. As Senator Grace Drake began a line of questioning with the sponsor, she abruptly stopped to ask Senator Kearns what title she preferred in her new role. “Do you want to be called ‘Madame Chairwoman,’ ‘Madame Chairman’ or what?” Senator Drake, who up until then had been the only woman chairing a Senate committee, added: “Personally, I have always preferred ‘Madame Chairman.”‘ Senator Kearns responded, “Whatever works.” An almost identical question was posed by a male lawmaker a day earlier to Representative Cheryl Winkler, the new chair of the House Family Services Committee. Her preferred title is “Madame Chairperson.” The two events are not merely incidents of self-conscious “political correctness.” They reflect the transitional stage at which female committee chairs in Ohio find themselves. Unlike the few women chairs in Oklahoma, who are largely defined by their token status, institutional practices, and political culture, Ohio women are defining roles for themselves during a period of institutional change and leadership transition. Because Ohio women are still relatively few in number and new to leadership positions, however, their long-term imprint on leadership practices seems less certain than that of women chairs in other states. But their impact has thus far been considerable because of real power rather than numbers.
Colorado: Defining the Standards of Leadership
Authors: Rosenthal Cindy Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the Colorado Senate chambers, seven stained glass windows hold the faces of the state’s leaders from days gone by. From five of the windows, the images of mustachioed men peer somberly down: John Routt, the last territorial governor and the first state governor; two U.S. senators, Charles Hughes and Edward Wolcott; and two men of industry, David Moffat, whose famed railroad tunnel provided transportation and water to the Queen City of the plains, and Samuel Nicholson, whose mining technology revolutionized gold and silver exploration in the Rocky Mountains. The other two windows are of women. One window contains the picture of Virginia Neal Blue, state treasurer from 1966 to 1970 and the first woman elected to a statewide office. The most recent addition to this pantheon of notables is Ruth Stockton, who served twenty-three years (196i-1984) in the General Assembly and became one of the most powerful women in the state as the first female chair of the Joint Budget Committee (JBC) (1975-1980) and the first female Senate President Pro Tern (1979-1980). Senator Stockton’s window speaks volumes about what distinguishes the Colorado General Assembly from other state legislatures. While other states struggle to elect women legislators and every woman is in some way a first, Colorado women have established themselves not only as powerful players but as part of the basic furnishings of the legislature.
Native Atnerican
Authors: Leeming David , Page Jake 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Jeroes abound in Native American myth and legend, but the majority of these fall into the culture hero category and must therefore also be considered gods in some sense. Figures such as Raven and Coyote, stories about whom we treated earlier, are tricksters known not only for their humorous and amoral escapades but for their role in creation and in bringing knowledge to their people.
The Role of Perception in Development beyond Infancy
Authors: Gibson Eleanor J , Pick Anne D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Perception always has a role in development, as well as in ongoing behavior, because perceiving is the way we keep in touch with the world and what is going on around us. Perception never stops; it provides the information for ongo ing actions (even just sitting or standing), for planning, and for developing concepts and reasoning. It may be that the role of cognitive processes such as imagining and reasoning increases developmentally in proportion to one’s get ting information directly from ongoing events (we certainly make educational efforts to encourage them). Of course, what we learn verbally increases enormously as spoken, and then written, language is acquired. Does that mean that perceptual development ceases, or at least slows down, after infancy?
Our answer is no. Potential new affordances never stop becoming available, nor do people of any age stop learning to perceive them. We have seen that as reaching, handling, and locomotion develop, encounters with the environment broaden and potential affordances multiply. New opportunities don’t stop with physical growth, they increase. The nervous system develops, as well as stature and muscles. Increasing experience provides a backlog of knowledge that breeds new opportunities. Environments change from home to school to scenes outside both, imposing new demands that lead to learning about new affordances.
The Study of Emotion from the Perspective of Cognitive Neuroscience
Authors: Lane Richard D , Nadel Lynn , Allen John J B , Kaszniak Alfred W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book’s title, and the conference upon which it was based, reflect the view within the cognitive neuroscience community at the University of Arizona that the role of cognition in emotion is an important area to pursue. The contributions in this volume were solicited with this theme in mind.
Neural Correlates of Conscious Emotional Experience
Authors: Lane Richard D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is now well established that people can display emotional behavior in the absence of concomitant conscious emotional experience (Öhman et al., this volume). This is one example of the known dissociations that have been observed among the experiential, expressive, and evaluative components of emotion (Lang, 1993b). These dissociations raise fundamental questions about what emotion is and why such dissociations occur. One of the key fundamental questions is whether conscious experience is a necessary component of emotion.
The Functional Neuroanatomy of Affective Style
Authors: Davidson Richard J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on two ubiquitous features of emotion. First is the fact that emotion is valenced, with positive and negative representing a fundamental dimension along which emotion is organized. This dimension is present in virtually all systems that have been developed to classify emotion and motivation, ranging from comparative accounts that address phylogenetic origins (Shnierla, 1959) to studies of semantic structure (Osgood, 1957). The second feature of emotion that forms the core of this chapter is the striking nature of the variability among individuals in the valence and intensity of their emotional reactions to a challenging event. I have used the phrase “affective style” to refer to the broad rubric of characteristics along which individuals might differ in their reactivity to emotionally provocative events (Davidson, 1992). Differences among people in affective style appear to be associated with temperament (Kagan et al., 1988), personality (Gross et al., 1998), and vulnerability to psychopathology (Meehl, 1975). Moreover, such differences are not a unique human attribute, but appear to be present in a number of different species including rodents and nonhuman primates (e.g., Davidson et al., 1993; Kalin, 1993).
Principles of Sustainable Technology Transfer
Authors: Harris Eva 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A Low-Cost Methodology New technologies are often perceived as too sophisticated and expensive for implementation in situations of limited resources. However, there are many ways to adapt technology to make it low-cost and more accessible. Designing or modifying equipment to suit conditions is one approach; the use of alternative, simpler techniques in place of more sophisticated, expensive ones is another. Other methods include simplification of protocols, in-house preparation of reagents, recycling, and appropriate use of donated materials. Each of these will be discussed in detail below. Adapting equipment, streamlining protocols, and recycling materials not only make new technologies economically feasible and environmentally friendlier but also create a more sustainable base for their long-term implementation.
Counseling Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youths
Authors: Ryan Caitlin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the past 15 years, a growing body of literature has explored the experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youths. Little research to date has been conducted on developing a bisexual identity during adolescence1 (Ryan & Futterman, 1998; Savin-Williams, 1995), so while the literature may refer to lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths, much of the research has been conducted on gay male youths and less frequently on lesbian youths. Since the mid-1980s, information has increased substantially on identity development and coming out, family interactions, HIV prevention, victimization, suicide, and risk behaviors. But with few exceptions, counseling and clinical care have not kept pace with the rapidly changing experiences of today’s generation of LGB youths.
“The Armstrong Story”
Authors: Armstrong Louis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This document, now housed in the Louis Armstrong House and Archives at Queens College/CUNY, overlaps slightly with the conclusion of Armstrong’s published autobiography of 1954, Satchmo: My Life in New Orleans. The present document begins and ends in mid-sentence; it is published here in its entirety. In the Appendix, I describe the relationships between Satchmo: My Life in New Orleans, the complete typescript for that book (a copy of which is now at the Institute of Jazz Studies, Rutgers University}, and the present document. The present document covers Armstrong’s experiences in Chicago, from his arrival in August 1922 through 1924, including his marriage to Lil Hardin, which took place February 5, 1924. There are also digressions to earlier events in New Orleans and on the Streckfus riverboat.
“The Satchmo Story” (Early 1959)
Authors: Armstrong Louis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Armstrong titles this document “The Satchmo Story, 2nd Edition.” This can only mean that he wrote it as a sequel to Satchmo: My Life in New Orleans, published in 1954; the forthcoming sequel was announced at the time of publication. Gary Giddins (1988: 16) discusses Joe Glaser’s decision to break off Satchmo: My Life in New Orleans with Arm strong’s arrival in Chicago, as well as the suppression of subsequent material that dealt with marijuana. According to Giddins, Armstrong read parts of the sequel to friends, doubling them up with laughter in reaction to his claims for the medicinal value of ma rijuana. Giddins thought the book had been lost. But the present document, held at the Louis Armstrong House and Archives at Queens College/CUNY, is surely the beginnings of it. Armstrong says, at one point: “This whole second book might be about nothing but gage”-”gage” being slang for marijuana.
The Value of Trees
Authors: Hartman John R , Pirone Thomas P , Sall Mary Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Almost everyone likes trees for one reason or another. They provide cool shade during hot summer days, and whether in the yard or the park, they offer a serene setting to relieve the tensions of modern life. They add to the beauty and value of property. The splendor of a springtime floral display and the pageantry of autumn coloration make trees a delight to the eyes (Fig. 1-1). Even in winter, tree crown silhouettes and textured bark details provide enjoyment (Fig. 1-2). Trees evoke sentiment perhaps because Grandpa planted them when he and Grandma moved into the neighbourhood many years before or because some historic event took place beneath their boughs. No matter what the reason-aesthetic, financial, or sentimental-a tree is a sound investment.
The Soil and Its Relation to Trees
Authors: Hartman John R , Pirone Thomas P , Sall Mary Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No book on the maintenance of shade and ornamental trees would be complete without some discussion of that important natural body, the soil. Usually considered by the layman to be an inert mass, soil is actually a dynamic entity in which physical, chemical, and biological changes are constantly occurring. A detailed treatment of these changes is beyond the scope of this book, but a brief presentation of the more important ones, particularly as they relate to trees, is essential.
Fertilizers and Their Use
Authors: Hartman John R , Pirone Thomas P , Sall Mary Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Woodland trees thrive despite the absence of artificial fertilization, but many of our shade and ornamental trees do not grow in such a favorable environment. Under forest conditions, decayed leaves and dead plants replace mineral elements (referred to here as nutrient elements, or nutrients) taken up by living plants. However, in urban settings, leaves and lawn clippings are usually raked up and removed. The soils near buildings are often disturbed by construction activities, causing the loss of topsoil, compaction, and the presence of clay subsoil within the rooting zone. Turfgrass competes with trees for nutrients and water, and pavement frequently covers all or part of root systems.
Pruning
Authors: Hartman John R , Pirone Thomas P , Sall Mary Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The pruning of trees is probably the most noticeable and important of all tree maintenance practices. Thoughtful pruning produces a structurally sound tree that can better withstand adverse environmental conditions. In addition, properly pruned trees require less cabling, bracing, and sometimes require less managing of pests to maintain good health. Appropriate pruning will add to the aesthetics and prolong the useful life of trees.
Damage Due to Nonparasitic Factors
Authors: Hartman John R , Pirone Thomas P , Sall Mary Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Poor growth and even death of trees are frequently caused by nonparasitic agents. Nonparasitic disorders generally affect a wide range of tree species, whereas most parasites such as disease organisms and insects usually attack specific tree species. Following are some of the most common nonparasitic problems.
Insect and Mite Pests of Trees
Authors: Hartman John R , Pirone Thomas P , Sall Mary Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A working knowledge of insect pests, of how they injure plants, and of methods of combating them is essential to any tree preservationist. A detailed discussion on insect identification methods is best left to texts written specifically for that purpose; however, important characteristics of the major insect pests are presented here.
Coping with Tree Pests and Diseases
Authors: Hartman John R , Pirone Thomas P , Sall Mary Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, the term pest will be used to mean all types of tree pests, whether insect, mite, fungus, bacterium, phytoplasma, virus, nematode, parasitic plant, weed, or animal. For the most part the discussion of pest management will focus on arthropod (insect and mite) pests, which cause tree damage, and microbial pests (pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, and nematodes), which cause tree dis eases. Some of the chemicals used to manage pests are called pesticides and include fungicides, bactericides, nematicides, insecticides, miticides, herbicides, and rodenticides.
Introduction
Authors: Harris Fredrick C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On a warm saturday morning in August 1992, on Chicago’s South Side, several hundred people gathered in the basement of the Carter Temple CME Church. Carter Temple, which borders Wabash and Michigan avenues along the Seventy-ninth Street corridor, is a part of the Christian Methodist Episcopal (CME) Church, a majority black denomination historically connected to the United Methodist Church South. This formerly all-white denomination broke with northern United Methodists over the issue of slavery on the eve of the Civil War. On this particular morning, before the regular Sunday service, the church’s parking lot was packed with cars, many with stickers proclaiming their faith with such phrases as “God, my co-pilot,” “Jesus on Board,” and “Christ: Try Him, You’ll Like Him.” Surrounding streets provided parking spaces for latecomers.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935)
Authors: Berkin Carol Ruth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born July 3, 1860, in Hartford, Connecticut, to parents who separated soon after she was born. Following her own divorce from her first husband in 1894, Gilman moved to California where she began to establish her career of social reform by publishing in several literary forms and by lecturing to women’s clubs and to socialist and working men’s associations.
Eleanor Roosevelt (1884-1962)
Authors: Chafe William H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Eleanor Roosevelt was born October 11, 1884. Educated privately, in her youth she combined an upper-class social whirl with great interest in “social housekeeping,” working for the National Consumers’ League and at a New York settlement house. She married her cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, in 1905; they had six children between 1906 and 1916.
Showing Politics: Tabloid Journalism and Entertainment Television
Authors: Davis Richard , Owen Diana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most vehement criticisms levied against the new media is that they trivialize serious issues of governing by infusing politics with entertainment. Social commentators have envisioned a frightening fu ture where entertainment dominates politics. In a culture where “all politics is entertainment,” Neil Postman laments that Americans are “amusing themselves to death.’’ Oliver Stone’s Natural Born Killers depicts a chilling vision of a society held hostage by entertainment media gone berserk. While these characterizations are at present exaggerations, the trend toward more sensational presentations of politics is real. The concern is greatest when the role of the tabloid press and television programs in the new media revolution are considered. As we will dis cuss shortly, the inextricable blending of politics and entertainment is a fact of American life that precedes the Founding. The most recent development is that tabloid newspapers and television programs have assumed an enhanced position in the political process, and politicians and the mainstream press cannot help but take them seriously.
The Audiences
Authors: Davis Richard , Owen Diana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Coinciding with any significant alteration in the mass media system are changes in patterns of public media consumption. By providing more choices of format and greater variety of content, the political media product has become increasingly diverse in the new media era. With more sources competing for shares, the media target their products to reach specific groups. Thus the mass audience has become highly fragmented. Identifying who uses particular communication forms and why has become a difficult task. Yet the importance of understanding the audiences for mass communication cannot be underestimated. This knowledge can enhance our ability to address essential concerns about the new media’s role in a democratic polity. Political information is packaged in formats de signed to appeal to a wide range of audience tastes, potentially enhancing the media’s power in politics.
Talking about Treatment
Authors: Roberts Felicia D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Clear and accessible, this book is the first qualitative analysis of the complex conversations that occur between breast cancer patients and their oncologists. Roberts focuses on discussions about possible avenues of treatment, and shows them to be an active and mutual collaboration of information on the one hand, and a subtle delineation of the roles of “expert” and “novice” on the other. Her work highlights how doctors achieve a delicate balance between promoting one particular treatment option while not guaranteeing a cure.
Structural Changes Underlying Long-Term Memory
Authors: Bailey Craig H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent studies of the biological basis of learning and memory, in both higher in vertebrates and vertebrates, have demonstrated that aspects of long-term memory storage are associated with altered gene expression, new protein synthesis, and the growth of synaptic connections (for review, see Bailey et al., 1996). Such changes also appear to accompany the de nova synapse formation that occurs during development and in the adult brain could reflect the recruitment, by environmental stimuli, of developmental processes that are latent or inhibited in the fully differ entiated neuron. The ability to study learning and memory at the cellular and molecular levels now makes it possible to examine the degree to which the central nervous system may utilize a similar set of cell biological mechanisms to achieve learning-related plasticity in the mature animal as it does for the reorganization of synaptic connections during the later stages of development.
Continuity and Change in the Development of Children with Autism
Authors: Sigman Marian , Kim Norman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The extent to which a child with autism continues to develop in the same way during his or her life is of the utmost importance to everyone concerned. Autism is characterized by pervasive impairments in social interactions and communication that are manifested in the first 3 years of life. The most compelling question asked by parents at the time of diagnosis, usually when the child is quite young, is whether the child will be able to have a “normal life.” Implicit in this question is the issue of change and continuity-whether the child will ever be able to relate socially to other people, learn to speak and communicate with others, function in dependently, and abstain from the repetitive and stereotyped behaviors that char acterize children with autism. The deficits in social communication that define autism are evidenced to some degree irrespective of intellectual ability (Szatmari et al., 1989). Individual outcomes, however, evince considerable variability, ranging from a very small number of autistic adults who manage to achieve relative normalcy in their level of functioning to the majority who continue to suffer significant impairments throughout their lives. Defining those characteristics of the disorder that tend to remain stable and those that show change represents an ini tial approach toward identifying the extent and nature of plasticity in the development of children with autism.
Development, Learning, and Neuroplasticity: Where We Are Now
Authors: Shaywitz Bennett a. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a scientist who knew little about neural plasticity before being cajoled by the editors into writing a commentary and, as a result, having to carefully listen to 2 days of extraordinary presentations, the resulting volume can be considered a crash course in neural plasticity. What strikes this novice is not only the great range of studies that comprise plasticity but the extraordinary progress in the field. Though the volume has been divided into four sections, in fact we can consider two general domains of plasticity: animal models and studies in children.