bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Phosphate Binder Sevelamer Carbonate on the Bioavailability of Enarodustat, an Oral Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agent
Authors: Pai Sudhakar M. , Yamada Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEnarodustat is an orally available hypoxia‐inducible factor‐prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor which can correct the erythropoietic capacity and improve anemia in chronic kidney disease. Sevelamer carbonate, a non‐calcium‐based polymeric resin, is one of the commonly prescribed agents for the management of hyperphosphatemia in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This was an open‐label, crossover study in healthy male subjects (N = 12) that evaluated the effect of sevelamer carbonate (2400 mg) on the bioavailability of enarodustat (25 mg) when the 2 drugs were administered together (Treatment B) or when enarodustat was administered 3 hours after (Treatment C) or 1 hour before (Treatment D) sevelamer carbonate compared to enarodustat alone (Treatment A). With coadministration of the 2 drugs (Treatment B), enarodustat Cmax and AUCinf reductions were 53% and 45%, respectively. For Treatment C, Cmax and AUCinf reductions were 11% and 6%, respectively, and for Treatment D the corresponding values were 8% and 20%. Thus, coadministration of enarodustat and sevelamer carbonate resulted in a substantial reduction (≈50%) in the oral bioavailability of enarodustat. However, the interaction was substantially mitigated by staggering the administration of enarodustat and sevelamer carbonate. Administration of 4 single oral doses of enarodustat 25 mg, with or without sevelamer carbonate, were safe and well tolerated in this study.
Insights into corporate social responsibility disclosure among multinational corporations during host‐country political transformations: Evidence from the Libyan oil industry
Authors: Almontaser Tariq S. , Gerged Ali Meftah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) practices of multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in the Libyan oil industry, particularly amidst significant political transformations within the host‐country (HSC). By examining these insights, we aim to shed light on how these corporations navigate and address CSRD considerations in a dynamic and politically evolving environment. To analyse these aspects, we employ various econometric models, including two‐stage least squares (2SLS) and propensity score matching (PSM). Our examination covers a dataset of 6000 data points representing 35 multinational oil corporations headquartered in 18 different home countries (HMCs) across five continents, spanning the years from 2008 to 2015. Our findings indicated that the level of institutional quality convergence between MNCs' HMCs and HSC significantly determines the extent of HSC‐related CSRD by MNCs. Additionally, the study emphasised that MNCs' internationalisation and business horizon within the HSC are critical factors influencing their CSRD in that country. The findings furthermore suggested that MNCs with a higher CSRD might exert an influence on the political decisions of their HMCs' governments concerning the political crisis in the HSC.
Spatio‐temporal shifts in British wild bees in response to changing climate
Authors: Wyver Chris , Potts Simon G. , Edwards Mike , Edwards Rowan , Senapathi Deepa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractClimate plays a major role in determining where species occur, and when they are active throughout the year. In the face of a changing climate, many species are shifting their ranges poleward. Many species are also shifting their emergence phenology. Wild bees in Great Britain are susceptible to changes in climatic conditions but little is known about historic or potential future spatio‐temporal trends of many species. This study utilized a sliding window approach to assess the impacts of climate on bee emergence dates, estimating the best temperature window for predicting emergence dates for 88 species of wild bees. Using a ‘middle‐of‐the‐road’ (RCP 4.5) and ‘worst‐case’ (RCP 8.5) climate scenario for the period 2070–2079, predictions of future emergence dates were made. In general, the best predicting climate window occurred in the 0–3 months preceding emergence. Across the 40 species that showed a shift in emergence dates in response to a climate window, the mean advance was 13.4 days under RCP 4.5 and 24.9 days under RCP 8.5. Species distribution models (SDMs) were used to predict suitable climate envelopes under historic (1980–1989), current (2010–2019) and future (2070–2079 under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios) climate conditions. These models predict that the climate envelope for 92% of studied species has increased since the 1980s, and for 97% and 93% of species under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 respectively, this is predicted to continue, due to extension of the northern range boundary. While any range changes will be moderated by habitat availability, it highlights that Great Britain will likely experience northward shifts of bee populations in the future. By combining spatial and temporal trends, this work provides an important step towards informing conservation measures suitable for future climates, directing how interventions can be provided in the right place at the right time.
Copper‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Defluoroalkylation or ‐arylation of gem‐Difluoroallenes To Form Monofluoroallenes under Mild Conditions
Authors: Tan Yaoming , Chen Kailun , Hu Jiaxin , Lin Sen , Wu Tao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHerein, we demonstrate the formation of monofluoroallenes through copper‐catalyzed defluoroalkylation or defluoroarylation of gem‐difluoroallenes using affordable and readily available Grignard reagents. Additionally, alkyl lithium or alkyl zinc reagents proved successful in these transformations. Under mild conditions, monofluoroallenes can be converted into fluorinated olefinic compounds or non‐fluorinated alkyne compounds. Initial mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction may start with an organocopper reagent and undergo a rapid β‐F elimination step. Although the current enantiomeric excess is low, chiral ligands could facilitate the asymmetric transformation of this reaction.
Negative contexts as catalyzers: Belief in a just world enhances political trust via perceived procedural justice, and contextual procedural injustice boosts it
Authors: Hadarics Márton 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn our multinational study, we tested the hypothesis that belief in a just world (BJW) enhances political trust by strengthening perceptions of political procedural justice. Based on data from the ninth round of the European Social Survey and various country‐ranking indices, we found a positive relationship between BJW and political trust, with perceived procedural justice serving as an important mediator in this relationship. More importantly, our multilevel analysis indicated that the actual quality of procedural justice moderates this relationship in a way that BJW enhances perceived procedural justice and political trust indirectly to a greater extent in countries with more severe problems with political procedural justice. The results show that a negative context serves as a catalyzer for motivated perceptions, as BJW pushes perceptions in the direction of justice even more strongly in an unjust context, which, in turn, contributes to gratuitous political trust.
Evaluation of optimal route selection for public transport network routes on urban roads using Fuzzy‐TOPSIS method
Authors: Madhu K. A. , Rajakumara H. N. , Kangda Mohd Zain , Girija S. P. , Reddy Ganta Raghotham , Wodajo Anteneh Wogasso 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn developing countries such as India, Bengaluru city has experienced extraordinary growth in vehicle traffic on arterial roads, causing intersections to operate over capacity under mixed traffic conditions. The speed on urban streets in central business district areas is lower than 15 kmph during peak hours. One of the main routes connecting the airport to the central business district is also vulnerable to this problem. Therefore, providing an alternative route to divert traffic from the mainstream is critical. This study's main goal is to identify alternate routes from Majestic to the airport using remote sensing and a geographic information system, and then evaluate those alternates using the Fuzzy‐TOPSIS approach. This study has used the GIS Arc software application to select the alternative while taking numerous factors such as time, speed, distance, environmental impact, and economic feasibility into consideration. The video graphic and moving car observer methods have been used for the extraction of data for the inventory of the existing route, while the geo image processing tool has been used to analyze alternative routes in the Bengaluru metropolitan area (BMA). The analysis has shown that the alternative route has a lesser travel time of 2 h 30 min in public transit and 1 h 30 min in private mode. The future scope of the study is to compare the alternative and the most suitable routes to divert traffic. Another public transport route network could be developed to minimize the external incoming vehicles in BMA, particularly to reach the airport on urban roads under heterogeneous traffic conditions.
Early intervention of extracorporeal photopheresis for advancing/progressing cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Aires Daniel , Abhyankar Sunil 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPatients with cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma with progressive disease typically undergo a series of skin‐directed and systemic therapy regimens during cycles of response and relapse. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an effective and safe systemic treatment option, often reserved for later stages of disease and typically employed after failure of several other therapies. ECP has benefits in response rate, time to next treatment, and tolerability that may support its use earlier in the treatment cycle for advancing/progressing disease.
Prescription patterns in an intensive care unit of COVID‐19 patients in Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rahman Tanvir , Islam Md. Saiful , Paul Shyamjit , Islam Md. Momin , Samadd Md. Abdus , Reyda Rashmia Nargis , Sarkar Md. Raihan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsTo reduce death rates for critical patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs), coronavirus (COVID‐19) lacks proven and efficient treatment methods. This cross‐sectional study aims to evaluate how physicians treat severe and suspected COVID‐19 patients in the ICU department in the absence of an established approach, as well as assess the rational use of the medication in the ICU department.MethodsBetween June 16, 2021, and December 10, 2022, a total of 428 prescriptions were randomly gathered, including both suspected (yellow zone) and confirmed (red zone) COVID‐19 patients. For data management, Microsoft Excel 2021 was utilized, while STATA 17 provided statistical analysis. To find associations between patients' admission status and demographic details, exploratory and bivariate analyses were conducted.ResultsOf the 428 patients admitted to the ICU, 228 (53.27%) were in the yellow zone and 200 (46.73%) were in the verified COVID‐19 red zone. The majority of patients were male (54.44%), and the age range from 41 to 60 was the most common (41.82%). No significant deviation was detected to the yellow and red groups' prescription patterns. A total of 4001 medicines (mean 9.35/patient) were prescribed. Antiulcerants, antibiotics, respiratory, analgesics, anticoagulants, vitamins and minerals, steroids, cardiovascular, antidiabetic drugs, antivirals, antihistamines, muscle relaxants, and antifungal treatments were widely prescribed drugs. Enoxaparin (67.06%) appeared as the most prescribed medicine, followed by montelukast (60.51%), paracetamol (58.41%), and dexamethasone (51.64%).ConclusionThe prescription patterns for the yellow and red groups were comparable and mostly included symptomatic treatment. Respiratory drugs constituted the most frequent therapeutic class. Polypharmacy should be taken under considerations. In ICU settings, the outcomes emphasize the need of correct diagnosis, cautious antibiotic usage, suitable therapy, and attentive monitoring.
Developing a prehospital care service in a low‐resource setting: Barriers and solutions
Authors: Takoutsing Berjo D. , Zolo Yvan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrehospital care (PHC) is critical to the comprehensive and effective functioning of a healthcare system. Given the disproportionate burden of both communicable and non‐communicable diseases in low‐income nations, its significance cannot be understated. In spite of this, many of these nations lack a comprehensive PHC system. Setting up a cost‐effective PHC system in this environment can be difficult and necessitate a variety of stakeholders at various healthcare delivery system levels. Therefore, it is necessary to consider these anticipated barriers and identify feasible solutions for its execution. This will assist in creating a PHC system that is suited to the local needs and achieve sustainable and global health goals. This paper describes the challenges and solutions to establishing a prehospital care service in a low‐resource setting.
Optimal Power Transformations for Analysis of Sperm Concentration and Other Semen Variables
Authors: HANDELSMAN DAVID J. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTThe nongaussian (or nonnormal) distribution of sperm concentration, and variables deriving from it, is a common practical problem in the statistical evaluation of semen data. Yet it has been little studied, and its importance to data analysis, as well as to practical remedies, is not widely appreciated. Inappropriate use of the raw scale of measurement produces inflated estimates of mean and variance, leading to false‐negative (underpowered) statistical comparisons and excessive sample size estimates. This study employs the Box‐Cox family of power transforms to illustrate by a simple graphical method how to identify optimal power transforms for semen data variables. Using robust statistical methods, it is shown that the nongaussian distribution is due to right skewing rather than multimodality or influential outliers. The optimal power transform, typically in the region of 0.15 to 0.35 (most easily implemented as a cube‐root transformation), usually performs better than the logarithmic transformation in normalizing the data. In addition, the power transformation has an important practical advantage over the logarithmic transformation in the appropriate handling of zeros (azoospermia), a regular and important features of such data sets in practice.
Obesity impairs revascularization and bone healing in a mouse model of osteonecrosis
Authors: Deng Zhuo , Aguirre‐Flores Maria , Kim Harry K. W. , Ren Yinshi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOsteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a devastating bone disease that is caused by a disruption of blood supply leading to necrotic cell death. Clinically, it was found that obesity has a high prevalence with ONFH. However, it remains unclear how obesity may directly affect tissue regeneration and bone healing in osteonecrosis (ON). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of obesity and weight loss (WL) on ON healing. In this study, we induced obesity and WL in an established surgery‐induced ON mouse model via feeding a high‐fat diet (HFD) and altering the diet respectively. All mice received a surgical induction of ON of distal femoral epiphysis at the age of 12 weeks. HFD was switched to normal diet (ND) after ON surgery to induce WL. Mouse body weight was recorded weekly. Mouse body composition was scanned by DEXA (Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry) right after sacrifice at the age of 16 weeks. The distal femoral bone samples were fixed and embedded for histology such as H&E, immunohistochemistry, and TRAP staining. In this study, we found that HFD‐induced obesity impaired revascularization and bone remodeling showing decreased vessel areas and reduced osteoblast and osteoclast numbers. WL could rescue obesity‐induced bone healing defects. Our study is the first to test the direct effects of obesity and WL on ON bone healing. We believe our work may provide new concepts for osteonecrosis treatment in obese patients.
Influence of running on femoroacetabular joint bone‐to‐bone distances
Authors: Heckelman Lauren N. , Kratzer Avery L. , Spritzer Charles E. , Soher Brian J. , Lewis Brian D. , DeFrate Louis E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere is limited data quantifying the influence of running on hip cartilage mechanics. The goal of this investigation was to quantify changes in hip joint bone‐to‐bone distance in response to a 3‐mile treadmill run. We acquired magnetic resonance (MR) images of the dominant hip of eight young, asymptomatic runners (five males, three females) before and immediately after they ran 3 miles at a self‐selected pace on a level treadmill. The femoral heads and acetabula were semiautomatically segmented from the pre‐ and post‐exercise MR images to generate three‐dimensional models of each participant's hip that were used to compute changes in the bone‐to‐bone distances incurred by the running exercise. We observed a significant 3% decrease in bone‐to‐bone distance from 3.47 ± 0.20 to 3.36 ± 0.22 mm between the femoral head and acetabulum after a 3‐mile treadmill run (mean ± 95% confidence interval; p = 0.03). These findings provide new baseline data describing how running impacts the hip joint in young, asymptomatic runners.
Hamstrings vibration reduces tibiofemoral compressive force following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Lowe Timothy , Dong Xuanliang Neil , Griffin Lisa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIndividuals who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are at greater risk of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA). This elevated risk of knee OA is associated with high tibiofemoral (TF) compressive force, due to a combination of low knee flexion angles and increased co‐contraction of the hamstrings and quadriceps during limb loading. Prolonged vibration of the hamstrings fatigues the intrafusal muscle fibers, which reduces autonomic reflexive excitation of the hamstrings and alleviates reciprocal inhibition to the quadriceps. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of prolonged hamstrings vibration on TF compressive force in individuals who have undergone ACL reconstruction. Fourteen participants with unilateral ACLR and 14 participants without knee injury performed a single‐leg drop‐land task before and after prolonged (20 min) vibration of the hamstrings. Peak TF compressive force, knee flexion angle, and hamstrings/quadriceps co‐contraction were calculated during the deceleration phase of the drop‐land task before and after vibration. The ACLR group experienced an 18% decrease in TF compressive force, a 32% increase in knee flexion angle, and a 38% decrease in hamstrings/quadriceps co‐contraction after hamstrings vibration. There was no difference in any of the parameters in the noninjured group after vibration. These data suggest that acute prolonged hamstrings vibration has the potential to mitigate TF compressive force, which may protect the knee joint in the long term. Clinical significance: The results of this research are expected to lead to improved clinical care for ACLR patients because it holds promise for mitigating altered joint mechanics and perhaps slowing down the onset of posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis.
Glucose depletion decreases cell viability without triggering degenerative changes in a physiological nucleus pulposus explant model
Authors: Padrona Mathilde , Maroquenne Manon , El‐Hafci Hanane , Rossiaud Lucille , Petite Hervé , Potier Esther 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough the etiology of intervertebral disc degeneration is still unresolved, the nutrient paucity resulting from its avascular nature is suspected of triggering degenerative processes in its core: the nucleus pulposus (NP). While severe hypoxia has no significant effects on NP cells, the impact of glucose depletion, such as found in degenerated discs (0.2–1 mM), is still uncertain. Using a pertinent ex‐vivo model representative of the unique disc microenvironment, the present study aimed, therefore, at determining the effects of “degenerated” (0.3 mM) glucose levels on bovine NP explant homeostasis. The effects of glucose depletion were evaluated on NP cell viability, apoptosis, phenotype, metabolism, senescence, extracellular matrix anabolism and catabolism, and inflammatory mediator production using fluorescent staining, RT‐qPCR, (immuno)histology, ELISA, biochemical, and enzymatic assays. Compared to the “healthy” (2 mM) glucose condition, exposure to the degenerated glucose condition led to a rapid and extensive decrease in NP cell viability associated with increased apoptosis. Although the aggrecan and collagen‐II gene expression was also downregulated, NP cell phenotype, and senescence, matrix catabolism, and inflammatory mediator production were not, or only slightly, affected by glucose depletion. The present study provided evidence for glucose depletion as an essential player in NP cell viability but also suggested that other microenvironment factor(s) may be involved in triggering the typical shift of NP cell phenotype observed during disc degeneration. The present study contributes new information for better understanding disc degeneration at the cellular‐molecular levels and thus helps to develop relevant therapeutical strategies to counteract it.
An overview of Principal Components Analysis approaches in Raman studies of cultural heritage materials
Authors: Coccato Alessia , Caggiani Maria Cristina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe present overview answers the need of assessing the current state of the art concerning the application of principal components analysis (PCA) to Raman spectroscopy investigations of cultural heritage and related materials. An increment of the employment of this multivariate statistic technique to Raman results in the mentioned field began between 15 and 10 years ago, after a very slow start at the turn of the millennium. A delay of about a decade was observed with respect to PCA applied to elemental quantitative data of archaeometric analyses, likely a consequence of the required spectral pre‐treatment and to results of complex interpretation. Therefore, it is by now the time to summarize this evolution in a comprehensive, yet very specific way. In this overview, painting constituents were considered, both colouring materials and binders, in addition to natural and synthetic glasses, and biogenic and mineral gemmological materials. A marked unbalance between the studies pertaining to the different sections has been noticed, revealing a concentration of the work mainly on painting materials, including the study of ageing and alteration. The different aims of PCA application to Raman spectra, the various approaches and the achievable results, with the possible arising problems, were underlined, too. Special attention was given to the pre‐treatment of the spectra, which was observed to be essential to overcome the influence of several issues concerning bands intensity, spectral noise, background, fluorescence and so on.