bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal stability of fecal metabolomic profiles in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Iribarren Cristina , Savolainen Otto , Sapnara Maria , Törnblom Hans , Simrén Magnus , Magnusson Maria K. , Öhman Lena 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe potential of the fecal metabolome to serve as a biomarker for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) depends on its stability over time. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the temporal dynamics of the fecal metabolome, and the potential relationship with stool consistency, in patients with IBS and healthy subjects.MethodsFecal samples were collected in two cohorts comprising patients with IBS and healthy subjects. For Cohort A, fecal samples collected during 5 consecutive days were analyzed by gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). For Cohort B, liquid chromatography‐MS (LC–MS) was used to analyze fecal samples collected at week 0 (healthy and IBS) and at week 4 (patients only). Stool consistency was determined by the Bristol Stool Form scale.Key ResultsFecal samples were collected from Cohort A (seven healthy subjects and eight IBS patients), and Cohort B (seven healthy subjects and 11 IBS patients). The fecal metabolome of IBS patients was stable short‐term (Cohort A, 5 days and within the same day) and long‐term (Cohort B, 4 weeks). A similar trend was observed over 5 days in the healthy subjects of Cohort A. The metabolome dissimilarity was larger between than within participants over time in both healthy subjects and IBS patients. Further analyses showed that patients had greater range of stool forms (types) than healthy subjects, with no apparent influence on metabolomic dynamics.Conclusion & InferencesThe fecal metabolome is stable over time within IBS patients as well as healthy subjects. This supports the concept of a stable fecal metabolome in IBS despite fluctuations in stool consistency, and the use of single timepoint sampling to further explore how the fecal metabolome is related to IBS pathogenesis.
An updated review on the safety of N, N‐diethyl‐meta‐toluamide insect repellent use in children and the efficacy of natural alternatives
Authors: Ghali Helana , Albers Sharon E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractN, N‐diethyl‐meta‐toluamide (DEET) has been considered the ‘gold standard’ for insect repellent use since the 1950s and constitutes most insect repellents on the market. However, conflicting data in the scientific literature and confusing information in the media are at the core of debates about the safety of DEET insect repellents for the protection of children against arthropod bites. The few fatal occurrences involving DEET insect repellents and complications of their use in the pediatric population are typically the result of accidental overdoses or misuse of insect repellents that disregard warnings on product labels. With appropriate application, the safety record of DEET insect repellents continues to be excellent with few side effects. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the literature on safety outcomes of DEET insect repellent use in children; outline the pediatric recommendations relating to DEET insect repellents; and provide an overview of EPA‐approved and naturally derived alternatives to DEET that possess low toxicity while providing a similar level of protection to synthetic insect repellents.
Electronic medication administration record (eMAR) in Swedish home healthcare—Implications for Nurses' and nurse Assistants' Work environment: A qualitative study
Authors: Karnehed Sara , Pejner Margaretha Norell , Erlandsson Lena‐Karin , Petersson Lena 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe electronic medication administration record (eMAR) is an eHealth system that has replaced the traditional paper‐based medication administration used in many healthcare settings. Research has highlighted that eHealth technologies can change working methods and professional roles in both expected and unexpected ways. To date, there is sparse research that has explored how nurses and nurse assistants (NA) in home healthcare experience eMAR in relation to their work environment.AimThe aim was to explore how nurses and nurse assistants experienced their work environment, in terms of job‐demand, control, and support in a Swedish home healthcare setting where an electronic medication administration record had been implemented to facilitate delegation of medical administration.MethodWe took a qualitative approach, where focus groups were used as data collection method. The focus groups included 16 nurses and nine NAs employed in a Swedish municipality where an eMAR had been implemented 6 months before the first focus groups were performed. The analysis adapted the job‐demand‐control‐support model, by condensing the professionals' experiences into the three categories of demand, control, and support, in alignment with the model.ResultsNAs experienced high levels of job demand and low levels of job control. The use of the eMAR limited NAs' ability to control their work, in terms of priorities, content, and timing. In contrast, the nurses described demands as high but manageable, and described having a high level of control. Both professions found the eMar supportive.ConclusionNurses and NAs in home healthcare experienced changes in their work environment regarding demand, control, and support when an eMAR was implemented to facilitate delegation of medical administration. In general, nurses were satisfied with the eMAR. However, NAs felt that the eMAR did not cover all aspects of their daily work. Healthcare organisations should be aware of the changes that digitalisation processes entail in the work environment of nurses and NAs in home healthcare.
Once again: Are welfare states in crisis?
Authors: Greve Bent 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWelfare state crises have long fascinated researchers. This introduction distills the special issue's insights on this enduring topic. Overall, the articles indicate that future debates surrounding crisis types and responsive policies will remain important. Simple or singular crisis explanations prove elusive. Uncertainty persists regarding whether crises are episodic or constant and occur on macro or micro levels. Diverse welfare regimes further complicate crisis interpretations. Perhaps academic discourse should shift from “crisis” frameworks towards framing pressures as ongoing variations. These encompass struggles over legitimacy, demographic changes, financing dilemmas, and societal battles over resources and options. Specifically, the articles reveal the limitations of sweeping crisis narratives, emphasizing the complex, gradual pressures shaping social policies. Welfare systems balance simultaneous stresses rather than experiencing overarching crises. Even pivotal events rarely trigger seismic shifts, as continuity typically prevails over radical departures. In summary, this special issue provides nuance to welfare state debates by delving into multifaceted, incremental change rather than superficial crisis rhetoric. The articles underscore the diversity of pressures and responses across varied regimes, challenging simplistic crisis notions. This highlights the need for constant welfare state adaptation despite the absence of outright crises.
Mobile Keynesianism: Linking policy mobility and state transformation in New Zealand, 1930–70
Authors: Prince Russell 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe study of policy mobility has revealed the rich geographical life of policy, demonstrating the very real ways in which policy enacted in one place often references policy enacted elsewhere, and how in doing so, it changes and evolves as it is constantly adopted and adapted. One of its contributions has been the elaboration of neoliberalism as an interconnected process of neoliberalisation producing its variegated geography. But the policy settlement that neoliberalism replaced in the capitalist world, Keynesianism, is still approached in comparative or institutional terms rather than as a process. Applying a policy mobility lens to the study of Keynesianism is an opportunity to correct this. But this historical case is also an opportunity to consider policy mobility anew. Drawing on the relational urbanism that also contributed to policy mobility studies, this paper builds on topological approaches to argue for analysing mobile policy as a consequence and cause of the reworking of relations between and within policy territories. Using the Keynesian policy shift that occurred in New Zealand between 1930 and 1970 as a case study, it shows how relations were transformed but ongoing, and these transformations are both driven by and a consequence of mobile policies; that Keynesianism as an international phenomenon was a reworking of relations necessarily both between and within territories; and that Keynesianism produced a space of technical expertise and authority that continues to shape policy today.
Listening to Europe's migration ‘crisis’: The discursive, affective and imaginative responses of audiences to BBC Radio 4 broadcasts
Authors: Watson Alice 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhilst geography has a long tradition of examining geopolitical discourses and imaginaries in media and popular culture, audiences remain understudied. A preoccupation with the site of representation is coupled with a disciplinary bias towards analysing visual media and culture, which obscures alternative ways of knowing, representing and engaging in the world. This paper redresses these imbalances by exploring radio and its capacity to shape audiences' geographical imaginations. An innovative ‘playlist‐diary’ method is used to reveal how listeners hear, interpret and imagine BBC Radio 4 broadcasts on Europe's migration ‘crisis’ between 2014 and 2019; a novel approach which answers calls for geographers to engage with sounds and methodologies of listening, and better understand audience responses to journalistic storytelling on migration. The paper makes a significant conceptual contribution to the field by illustrating how listeners hear broadcasts in discursive, affective and imaginative registers, and by identifying the pivotal role of refugee voices and stories in forging a politics of recognition; that is to say, how and under what conditions radio journalism collapses discourses of ‘us’ and ‘them’, expands imaginative communities of belonging, and leads to instances of identification and connection between listeners and refugees. It therefore pushes beyond research that focuses on discursive and affective invitations in media by uncovering how radio shapes audiences' geographical imaginations around migration and regulates fields of perceptibility, recognition and relatability with people on the move.
Mastocytosis in the skin in dogs: A multicentric case series
Authors: Wyatt Eleanor K. , Affolter Verena , Borio Stefano , Guillen Alexandra , Verganti Sara , Murphy Sue , Ballarini Damiano , Banovic Frane , Schmidt Vanessa , Tanis Jean‐Benoit 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCanine cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) is rare in contrast to canine mast cell tumours. In humans, CM commonly affects children and is usually indolent with possible spontaneous resolution. Systemic mastocytosis (SM) with bone marrow involvement typically affects adults, can have a poor outcome, and often includes skin lesions. ‘Mastocytosis in the skin’ (MIS) is the preferred term of skin lesions, if bone marrow evaluations are not available, which is often the cases in dogs. In human SM and CM, KIT mutations are often detected. The veterinary literature suggests clinical resemblances between human and canine MIS, but data is limited, and KIT mutations are rarely assessed. This retrospective study describes clinicopathological findings, treatment and outcome of 11 dogs with suspected MIS. Dogs with multiple mast cell tumours were excluded. Histopathology reports (n = 5) or slides (n = 6) were reviewed. KIT mutation analysis including exons 8, 9, 11, 14 and 17 were analysed in eight dogs. Median age at diagnosis was 4 years (range, 1–12). Typical clinical signs included multifocal to generalised nodules and papules. Histologically, skin lesions were characterised by dermal infiltration of well‐differentiated mast cells. KIT mutations were detected in 3/8 dogs (exon 9: n = 2; exon 11: n = 1). One dog had mastocytaemia suggesting possible SM. Glucocorticoids were mostly successful with lesion improvement in all treated dogs (n = 8). This cohort highlights resemblances between human and canine MIS. Further studies are required to confirm these findings and establish diagnostic criteria for CM and MIS associated with SM in dogs.
How does air pollution threaten mental health? Protocol for a machine-learning enhanced systematic map
Authors: Sun Zhuanlan , Han Zhe , Zhu Demi 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionAir pollution exposure has influenced a broad range of mental health conditions. It has attracted research from multiple disciplines such as biomedical sciences, epidemiology, neurological science, and social science due to its importance for public health, with implications for environmental policies. Establishing and identifying the causal and moderator effects is challenging and is particularly concerning considering the different mental health measurements, study designs and data collection strategies (eg, surveys, interviews) in different disciplines. This has created a fragmented research landscape which hinders efforts to integrate key insights from different niches, and makes it difficult to identify current research trends and gaps.Method and analysisThis systematic map will follow the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence’s guidelines and standards and Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses guidelines. Different databases and relevant web-based search engines will be used to collect the relevant literature. The time period of search strategies is conducted from the inception of the database until November 2022. Citation tracing and backward references snowballing will be used to identify additional studies. Data will be extracted by combining of literature mining and manual correction. Data coding for each article will be completed by two independent reviewers and conflicts will be reconciled between them. Machine learning technology will be applied throughout the systematic mapping process. Literature mining will rapidly screen and code the numerous available articles, enabling the breadth and diversity of the expanding literature base to be considered. The systematic map output will be provided as a publicly available database.Ethics and disseminationPrimary data will not be collected and ethical approval is not required in this study. The findings of this study will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed scientific journal and academic conference presentations.
Association between maternal experiences of intimate partner violence and child stunting: a secondary analysis of the Demographic Health Surveys of four South Asian countries
Authors: Lakhdir Maryam Pyar Ali , Ambreen Sobia , Sameen Sonia , Asim Muhammad , Batool Saila , Azam Iqbal , Usmani Bilal Ahmed , Iqbal Romaina 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesTo determine the association between maternal exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and child stunting using the Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data comparing four South Asian countries.DesignA secondary analysis.SettingData from the seventh round of the DHS data of four South Asian countries; Pakistan, Nepal, India and Maldives.ParticipantsMarried women of reproductive age (15–49 years) from each household were randomly selected, having at least one child less than 5 years of age for whom all anthropometric measures were available.Outcome measureThe exposure variable was maternal IPV including, sexual violence, physical violence or both. The outcome variable was moderate or severe stunting, measured based on the height-for-age Z-score of children aged 6–59 months old . Multiple Cox proportional regression analyses were used separately on each country’s data to determine the association between maternal IPV and child stunting.ResultsThe prevalence of IPV among women ranged from 10.17% in the Maldives to 31% in India. The burden of child stunting was the lowest in the Maldives at 14.04% and the highest in Pakistan at 35.86%. The number of severely stunted children was the highest in Pakistan (16.60%), followed by India (14.79%). In India, children whose mothers were exposed to IPV showed a 7% increase in the prevalence of moderate to severe child stunting (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.14). Additionally, in Nepal, severe stunting was strongly associated with the prevalence of physical IPV (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.87).ConclusionOur study findings suggest that maternal exposure to IPV is associated with child stunting. Further research investigating the relationship between IPV and child outcomes using improved and advanced statistical analyses can provide substantial evidence to enhance public awareness and potentially reduce the burden of child stunting in South Asian countries.
Multicountry research on comprehensive abortion policy implementation in Latin America: a mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Gialdini Celina , Ramón Michel Agustina , Romero Mariana , Ramos Silvina , Carroli Guillermo , Carroli Berenise , Gomez Ponce de León Rodolfo , Vila Ortiz Mercedes , Lavelanet Antonella 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionAccess to comprehensive abortion care could prevent the death of between 13 865 and 38 940 women and the associated morbidity of 5 million women worldwide. There have been some important improvements in Latin America in terms of laws and policies on abortion. However, the predominant environment is still restrictive, and many women, adolescents and girls still face multiple barriers to exercise their reproductive rights. This research will systematically assess comprehensive abortion policies in five Latin American countries (Argentina, Colombia, Honduras, Mexico and Uruguay). The aim is to identify barriers, facilitators and strategies to the implementation of abortion policies, looking at four key dimensions—regulatory framework, abortion policy dynamics, abortion service delivery and health system and health outcomes indicators—to draw cross-cutting lessons learnt to improve current implementation and inform future safe abortion policy development.Methods and analysisA mixed-method design will be used in the five countries to address the four dimensions through the Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability and Quality of Care model. The data collection tools include desk reviews and semi-structured interviews with key actors. Analysis will be performed using thematic analysis and stakeholder analysis. A regional synthesis exercise will be conducted to draw lessons on barriers, facilitators and the strategies.Ethics and disseminationThe project has been approved by the WHO Research Ethics Review Committee (ID: A66023) and by the local research ethics committees. Informed consent will be obtained from participants. Data will be treated with careful attention to protecting privacy and confidentiality. Findings from the study will be disseminated through a multipurpose strategy to target diverse audiences to foster the use of the study findings to inform the public debate agenda and policy implementation at national level. The strategy will include academic, advocacy and policy arenas and actors, including peer-reviewed publication and national and regional dissemination workshops.
Rehabilitation via HOMe-Based gaming exercise for the Upper limb post Stroke (RHOMBUS): a qualitative analysis of participants’ experience
Authors: Kilbride Cherry , Butcher Tom , Warland Alyson , Ryan Jennifer , Scott Daniel J M , Cassidy Elizabeth , Athanasiou Dimitrios A , Singla-Buxarrais Guillem , Baker Karen , Norris Meriel 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo report participants’ experiences of trial processes and use of the Neurofenix platform for home-based rehabilitation following stroke. The platform, consisting of the NeuroBall device and Neurofenix app, is a non-immersive virtual reality tool to facilitate upper limb rehabilitation following stroke. The platform has recently been evaluated and demonstrated to be safe and effective through a non-randomised feasibility trial (RHOMBUS).DesignQualitative approach using semistructured interviews. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using the framework method.SettingParticipants’ homes, South-East England.ParticipantsPurposeful sample of 18 adults (≥18 years), minimum 12 weeks following stroke, not receiving upper limb rehabilitation prior to the RHOMBUS trial, scoring 9–25 on the Motricity Index (elbow and shoulder), with sufficient cognitive and communicative abilities to participate.ResultsFive themes were developed which explored both trial processes and experiences of using the platform. Factors that influenced participant’s decision to take part in the trial, their perceptions of support provided during the trial and communication with the research team were found to be important contextual factors effecting participants’ overall experience. Specific themes around usability and comfort of the NeuroBall device, factors motivating persistence and perceived effectiveness of the intervention were highlighted as being central to the usability and acceptability of the platform.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the overall acceptability of the platform and identified areas for enhancement which have since been implemented by Neurofenix. The findings add to the developing literature on the interface between virtual reality systems and user experience.Trial registration numberISRCTN60291412.
Taxonomy of teaching methods and their use in health professions education: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Mitchell Sharon , Sehlbach Carolin , Franssen Gregor H L , Janczukowicz Janusz , Guttormsen Sissel 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionApplying the lens of social constructivist theory, teaching methods facilitate the process of learning and may be used differently across settings to align learning goals. Teaching methods are used across disciplines, occupations and learning settings, yet terminology, descriptions and application for use vary widely. This scoping review will identify eligible literature of reported teaching methods with documented descriptions across disciplines with a focus of how teaching methods are applied to health professions education. A literary description of a teaching method was used as a basis from which to select eligible articles based on two criteria, a specified method and delivery of that teaching by a teacher figure.Methods and analysisUsing the extension of the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology aligned to Arksey and O’Malley’s six-stage framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, this scoping review will systematically search ERIC, Embase, Web of Science and PubMed databases. The search strategy was supported by an information specialist. Eligible studies will be identified in a two-stage screening process with four researchers. To complement eligible peer-reviewed literature, we will also search out relevant grey literature including University Websites, Conference Programmes and handsearched reference lists. Data extraction will be performed using a developed data extraction tool. A narrative summary will accompany charted results and describe the results aligned to the study objectives.Ethics and disseminationAs no intervention or patient recruitment is required for this research, ethics board approval is not required. Results will be disseminated via publication in a peer-reviewed journal, conference presentations and where feasible reaching out to those organisations and universities with published glossaries of terms for teaching.