bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CircRNA and ferroptosis in human disease: Insights for new treatments
Authors: Liu Ruoyu , Zhou Yun , Cao Yongtong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCircular RNA (circRNA), classified as a type of non‐coding RNA, has gained significant attention in the field of biology due to its distinctive ring structure and functional properties. Recent research has provided evidence that specific circRNAs have the ability to modulate disease progression through diverse mechanisms, one of which is by regulating cellular ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is driven by iron dependency and lipid peroxidation, and extensive investigations have revealed a relationship between ferroptosis and disease development. In addition to evidence that both circRNAs and ferroptosis exert critical roles in disease progression, circRNAs have also been shown to actively mediate the process of ferroptosis. The relationship between circRNAs and ferroptosis therefore influences disease progression and offers novel targets for disease treatment. By directly or indirectly modulating the expression of circRNAs that regulate the expression of ferroptosis‐related proteins, it may be possible to impact disease progression by promoting or inhibiting ferroptosis. Current research indicates such approaches may hold significant value in a wide variety of common diseases across physiological systems. This review comprehensively summarizes the findings of recent studies investigating the roles of circRNAs in the regulation of ferroptosis in various diseases.
DISP oder nicht? Die weitreichenden Reaktionsmechanismen, die den Lithium‐Luft‐Batterien zugrunde liegen
Authors: Jethwa Rajesh B. , Mondal Soumyadip , Pant Bhargavi , Freunberger Stefan A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn der kurzen Geschichte der Forschung an Li−O2‐Batterien gab es im Laufe der Jahre eine bemerkenswerte Anzahl mechanistischer Kehrtwendungen. Von der anfänglichen Verwendung von Karbonat‐Elektrolyten, die sich dann als völlig ungeeignet erwiesen, über die Annahme, dass (Su)Peroxid allein für die Degradation verantwortlich sei, bevor man feststellte, dass sich der reaktivere Singulett‐Sauerstoff bildet, bis hin zu der Hypothese, dass die Kapazität von einem konkurrierenden Oberflächen‐/Lösungsmechanismus abhängt, bevor ein praktisch ausschließlicher Lösungsmechanismus identifiziert wurde. Wir plädieren hier für einen immer neuen Blick auf die vorliegenden Daten ohne Voreingenommenheit gegenüber vermeintlich etablierten Erklärungen. Wir erläutern, wie die neuesten Erkenntnisse über Raten‐ und Kapazitätsgrenzen sowie die Entstehung von Nebenreaktionen über den Disproportionierungsschritt (DISP) im (Ent‐)Ladungsmechanismus miteinander verbunden sind. Daraus ergeben sich Hinweise für das Design von Elektrolyten und Mediatoren, wie Nebenreaktionen unterdrückt und hohe Raten und hohe reversible Kapazitäten ermöglicht werden können.
Show them what they can't see! An evaluation of the use of customized 3D printed models in head and neck anatomy
Authors: Cheung Rocky Chun Chung , Yang Jian , Fang Christian , Leung Man Fai , Bridges Susan M. , Tipoe George L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDifficulty in visualizing anatomical structures has been identified as a challenge in anatomy learning and the emergence of three‐dimensional printed models (3DPMs) offers a potential solution. This study evaluated the effectiveness of 3DPMs for learning the arterial supply of the head and neck region. One hundred eighty‐four undergraduate medical students were randomly assigned to one of four learning modalities including wet specimen, digital model, 3DPM, and textbook image. Posttest scores indicated that all four modalities supported participants' knowledge acquisition, most significantly in the wet specimen group. While the participants rated 3DPMs lower for helping correct identification of structures than wet specimens, they praised 3DPMs for their ability to demonstrate topographical relationships between the arterial supply and adjacent structures. The data further suggested that the biggest limitation of the 3DPMs was their simplicity, thus making it more difficult for users to recognize the equivalent structures on the wet specimens. It was concluded that future designs of 3DPMs will need to consider the balance between the ease of visualization of anatomical structures and the degree of complexity required for successful transfer of learning. Overall, this study presented some conflicting evidence of the favorable outcomes of 3DPMs reported in other similar studies. While effective for anatomy learning as a standalone modality, educators must identify the position 3DPM models hold relative to other modalities in the continuum of undergraduate anatomy education in order to maximize their advantages for students.
Recent progress on the construction and application of dithienylethene‐based photochromic AIEgens
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Liu Xinming , Wang Jinjin , Li Fei , Jiang Heng , Liu Lijie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhotochromic fluorescent materials have rapidly developed as a new class of intelligent materials, offering a unique combination of traditional photochromic and organic fluorescent materials. These materials possess remarkable photoresponsiveness that can be observed by the naked eye and exhibit fluorescence color change. Consequently, they have found widespread applications in various domains, including molecular switches, logic encryption, medical diagnosis and treatment, and biosensors. Among the multitude of photochromic systems, those based on dithienylethenes (DTEs) have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional photochromic efficiency, commendable reversible photoresponse and fatigue resistance, as well as excellent photostability and thermal stability. Nevertheless, these photochromic fluorescent materials continue to grapple with the issue of aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ), a common problem faced by traditional fluorescent materials. Therefore, the integration of DTE systems with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) systems presents a promising solution to tackle this predicament, enabling an improved quantum yield for photochromic fluorescent materials in their aggregated state and broadening their range of applications. This review comprehensively summarizes and evaluates the construction strategies and application prospects of DTE‐based photochromic AIE luminogens (AIEgens) in recent years, while also providing an outlook on their future development.
Identification of FXYD6 as the novel biomarker for glioma based on differential expression and DNA methylation
Authors: Hou Weiliang , Cai Jing , Shen Pei , Zhang Shuo , Xiao Siyu , You Pu , Tong Yusheng , Li Kaicheng , Qi Zengxin , Luo Hao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveAs a single‐transmembrane protein of the FXYD family, FXYD6 plays different roles under physiological and pathological status, especially in the nervous system. This study aims to identify FXYD6 as a biomarker for glioma, by analyzing its expression and methylation patterns.MethodsUsing TCGA and GTEx datasets, we analyzed FXYD6 expression in various tissues, confirming its levels in normal brain and different glioma grades via immunoblotting and immunostaining. FXYD6 biological functions were explored through enrichment analysis, and tumor immune infiltration was assessed using ESTIMATE and TIMER algorithms. Pearson correlation analysis probed FXYD6 associations with biological function‐related genes. A glioma detection model was developed using FXYD6 methylation data from TCGA and GEO. Consistently, a FXYD6 methylation‐based prognostic model was constructed for glioma via LASSO Cox regression.ResultsFXYD6 was observed to be downregulated in GBM and implicated in a range of cellular functions, including synapse formation, cell junctions, immune checkpoint, ferroptosis, EMT, and pyroptosis. Hypermethylation of specific FXYD6 CpG sites in gliomas was identified, which could be used to build a diagnostic model. Additionally, FXYD6 methylation‐based prognostic model could serve as an independent factor as well.ConclusionsFXYD6 is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma, with its methylation‐based prognostic model serving as an independent factor. This highlights its potential in clinical application for glioma management.
Understanding the Retro‐Cope Elimination Reaction of Linear Alkynes
Authors: Beutick Steven E. , Yu Song , Orian Laura , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Hamlin Trevor A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe bioorthogonal retro‐Cope elimination reaction of linear alkynes R3C−C≡C−X (R3 = combinations of H, MeO, F; X = H, F, Cl, Br, I) with N,N‐dimethylhydroxylamine was quantum chemically investigated using relativistic density functional theory at ZORA‐BP86/TZ2P. This novel reaction can be tuned through judicious substitution of the alkyne at both the terminal and propargylic position to render second‐order kinetics that rival and out‐compete strain‐promoted variants. Activation strain and quantitative molecular orbital analyses reveal that, both upon terminal or propargylic substitution of propyne, the main effect of substituting H for X is a lowering of the propyne LUMO which stabilizes the HOMO–LUMO interactions and thus the transition state. In the case of terminal substitution with larger halogens (X = Cl, Br, I), a secondary effect interferes: steric repulsion with these larger halogens is absorbed into a longer forming C⋯N bond leading to a more asynchronous reaction accompanied by less (not more) steric Pauli repulsion.
Anode Reaction Control for a Single‐Compartment Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reactor with a Surface‐Activated Diamond Cathode
Authors: Otake Atsushi , Asai Kana , Einaga Yasuaki 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe electrochemical reaction of carbon dioxide (CO2) in aqueous electrolyte solutions is attracting increasing attention for sustainable chemical production. Boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have been previously shown to be very effective for the stable electrochemical production of formic acid from CO2. Typically, the electrochemical production of formic acid by CO2 reduction (CO2R) reaction is performed with a dual‐compartment flow reactor equipped with a membrane separator. The problems caused by the membrane separator, such as scaling‐up, complicated operational control and materials costs can be solved using a membrane free single‐compartment reactor. Here we demonstrate anode reaction control for a single‐compartment CO2R flow reactor using a surface‐activated BDD cathode and achieve a Faradaic efficiency for formic acid production of over 70 %.
A Nickel Anchored Covalent Organic Framework as Unimolecular Metallaphotocatalyst for Visible Light Driver C−P Bond Coupling Reaction
Authors: Yang Manqiang , Li Huijie , Borse Rahul Anil , Lin Shao‐Xia , Yuan Daqiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe urgent need to develop a sustainable and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing organophosphine compounds is underscored by their extensive applications in organic synthesis, coordination chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and photoelectric materials. Metalated covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs), which seamlessly integrate the inherent photo properties of COF with the catalytic capabilities of metal ions, offer an optimal material for efficient transformation of organics sustainably. In this study, we introduce a simple COF with nickel anchorages (Bpy‐COF‐NiCl2) as a unimolecular metallaphotocatalytic system for effective C−P bond formation. This heterogeneous photocatalyst exhibits superior catalytic performance, achieving yields of up to 95 %, and demonstrates broad substrate tolerance and functional group reactivity. Notably, the metallaphotocatalytic system has demonstrated the capability to process aryl bromides to produce the desired product, a feat not previously reported. Finally, the production and reusability test at the gram scale attests to its superior practicality for designing future organic cross‐coupling reactions.
Incorporating Photoresponses into Porous Liquids
Authors: Brand Michael C. , Trowell Hamish G. , Fuchter Matthew J. , Greenaway Rebecca L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPorous liquids combine the properties of a porous solid with those of a liquid, creating a porous flowable media. Since their discovery, these materials have gathered widespread interest within the scientific community, with substantial numbers of new systems being discovered, often with a focus on increasing the pore volume and gas capacity. Which begs the question, what does the future hold for porous liquids? Recently, the first examples of photoresponsive porous liquids have emerged, allowing changes in porosity to be observed under UV irradiation. Here, we expand on our previous report of photoresponsive porous liquids and explore the conceptualisation of responsive porous liquids and how these materials could be developed with the ability to respond to light, thereby offering a potential mechanism of controllable uptake and release in these systems. This concept article summarises different approaches that could be used to incorporate a photoresponse in a porous liquid before discussing recently reported systems, alongside important factors to consider in their design. Finally, by taking inspiration from the methods used to translate porous solids into the liquid state, combined with the field of photoresponsive materials, we discuss potential strategies that could be employed to realise further examples of photoresponsive porous liquids.
Recent progress in device designs and dual‐functional photoactive materials for direct solar to electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Zhao Yingying , Li Jinhang , Tan Yujie , Zhu Chunling , Chen Yujin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEfficient solar energy utilization technologies are expected to promote the development of a carbon‐neutral and renewable energy society. Photovoltaic cells (PVs) have played an important role in the harvest and conversion of solar energy. Due to the intermittent instability of solar energy, however, PVs must be connected with energy storage systems (EESs). Newly developed photoelectrochemical energy storage devices (PESs) are proposed to directly convert solar energy into electrochemical energy. Initial PESs focused on the external and internal integration of PVs and EESs. However, the voltage mismatch between PVs and EESs leads to massive energy loss and unsatisfactory overall performances of PESs. PESs using dual‐functional photoactive materials (PAMs), which have simplified device configuration, decreased costs, and external energy loss, have recently emerged for realization of solar‐to‐electrochemical‐energy conversion and storage in a single device. The review summarizes the designing concepts, integrated configurations, and overall performances of different types of PESs, particularly PESs utilizing dual‐functional PAMs. Based on the classifications, working principles, basic requirements, and design principles, this review discusses various types of PESs cathodes. Finally, some perspectives are provided for further developing excellent performances of PESs.
Blue Waters system and component reliability
Authors: Bode Brett , King David , Mendes Celso L. , Kramer William T. , Jha Saurabh , Ford Roger , Davis Justin , Dramstad Steven 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThe Blue Waters system, installed in 2012 at NCSA, has the largest component count of any system Cray has built. Blue Waters includes a mix of dual‐socket CPU (XE) and single‐socket CPU, single GPU (XK) nodes. The primary storage is provided by Cray's Sonexion/ClusterStor Luster storage system delivering 35 PB (raw) storage at 1 TB/s. The statistical failure rates over time for each component including CPU, DIMM, GPU, disk drive, power supply, blower, etc and their impact on higher level failure rates for individual nodes and the systems as a whole are presented in detail, with a particular emphasis on identifying any increases in rate that might indicate the right‐side of the expected bathtub curve has been reached. Strategies employed by NCSA and Cray for minimizing the impact of component failure, such as the preemptive removal of suspect disk drives, are also presented.
Probing the Electronic Structure of Prussian Blue and Analog Films by Photoemission and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopies
Authors: Martins Jessica B. , Husmann Samantha , da Veiga Amanda G. , Zarbin Aldo J. G. , Rocco Maria Luiza M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractX‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) were employed to characterize the electronic properties of Prussian blue (PB) and its analogs when electrodeposited over metal‐decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Through an investigation of the influence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and preparation conditions on the electronic structure, valuable insights were obtained regarding their effects on electrochemical properties. XPS analysis enabled the probing of the chemical composition and oxidation states of the film materials, unveiling synthesis‐driven variations in their electronic properties. REELS provided information on energy loss and electronic transitions, enabling further characterization of the changes in the electronic structure induced by different preparation methods. Such findings emphasize the importance of surface characterization to understand how the unique electronic properties of such materials can be harnessed to enhance their performance and functionality.
Creating social value through operational supply chain transparency
Authors: He Shaohua , Liu Lei , Liu Qi , Fu Shaoling 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhether inclusive business (IB) supply chain transparency (SCT) can add value to a firm as an essential strategic resource is controversial. This study investigates how IB SCT affects willingness to pay a premium (WPP). Conditional process analysis was used to analyze survey data collected from 633 Chinese subjects in a scenario‐based role‐playing experiment. Analysis of the responses demonstrates that IB SCT indirectly enhances WPP through indirect reciprocity. In addition, the stronger the costly prosocial attributes of customers, the greater the indirect effect of IB SCT on WPP. The results indicate that IB SCT can add value to firms through consumer rewards, especially for costly prosocial consumers. These research constructs provide valuable insights for operators adopting IB to help them communicate and coordinate IB resources with consumers for IB sustainability.
Q‐learning‐based task offloading strategy for satellite edge computing
Authors: Shuai Jiaqi , Xie Bo , Cui Haixia , Wang Jiahuan , Wen Weichang 
Published: December 2023

SummaryIn this paper, we study the task offloading optimization problem in satellite edge computing environments to reduce the whole communication latency and energy consumption so as to enhance the offloading success rate. A three‐tier machine learning framework consisting of collaborative edge devices, edge data centers, and cloud data centers has been proposed to ensure an efficient task execution. To accomplish this goal, we also propose a Q‐learning‐based reinforcement learning offloading strategy in which both the time‐sensitive constraints and data requirements of the computation‐intensive tasks are taken into account. It enables various types of tasks to select the most suitable satellite nodes for the computing deployment. Simulation results show that our algorithm outperforms other baseline algorithms in terms of latency, energy consumption, and successful execution efficiency.
Investigating the phylogenetic history of toxin tolerance in mushroom‐feeding Drosophila
Authors: Erlenbach Theresa , Haynes Lauren , Fish Olivia , Beveridge Jordan , Giambrone Sarah‐Ashley , Reed Laura K. , Dyer Kelly A. , Scott Chialvo Clare H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how and when key novel adaptations evolved is a central goal of evolutionary biology. Within the immigrans‐tripunctata radiation of Drosophila, many mushroom‐feeding species are tolerant of host toxins, such as cyclopeptides, that are lethal to nearly all other eukaryotes. In this study, we used phylogenetic and functional approaches to investigate the evolution of cyclopeptide tolerance in the immigrans‐tripunctata radiation of Drosophila. First, we inferred the evolutionary relationships among 48 species in this radiation using 978 single copy orthologs. Our results resolved previous incongruities within species groups across the phylogeny. Second, we expanded on previous studies of toxin tolerance by assaying 16 of these species for tolerance to α‐amanitin and found that six of them could develop on diet with toxin. Finally, we asked how α‐amanitin tolerance might have evolved across the immigrans‐tripunctata radiation, and inferred that toxin tolerance was ancestral in mushroom‐feeding Drosophila and subsequently lost multiple times. Our findings expand our understanding of toxin tolerance across the immigrans‐tripunctata radiation and emphasize the uniqueness of toxin tolerance in this adaptive radiation and the complexity of biochemical adaptations.
Glucagon‐like peptide agonists: A prospective review
Authors: Mariam Zamara , Niazi Sarfaraz K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) have emerged as promising therapeutic options for addressing Type‐2 diabetes, obesity, and related conditions. Among these, semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide etc., all notable GLP‐1RA, have gained attention owing to their favourable pharmacological properties and clinical efficacy.AimsThis comprehensive review aims to provide a detailed analysis of both the currently available GLP‐1RAs in the market and those undergoing clinical trials. The focus is on examining their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy in glycemic control and weight management, safety profile, and potential applications.Materials & MethodsThe review employs a systematic approach to gather information on GLP‐1RAs. Relevant literature from the currently literature and ongoing clinical trials is thoroughly examined. Detailed scrutiny is applied to understand the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic properties, and clinical outcomes of these agents.ResultsThe review presents a comprehensive overview of the GLP‐1RAs, highlighting their distinct mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic profiles, and clinical effectiveness in glycemic control and weight management. Safety profiles are also discussed, providing a holistic understanding of these therapeutic agents.DiscussionThe findings are discussed in the context of advancements in the field of GLP‐1RAs. Potential applications beyond diabetes and obesity are explored, shedding light on the broader implications of these agents in managing related conditions.ConclusionIn conclusion, this review underscores the significance of GLP‐1RAs, with a specific focus on semaglutide, in the management of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and beyond. By synthesizing information on their mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety, this review provides valuable insights into the potential benefits these agents offer, contributing to the ongoing discourse in the field.