bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volume‐expandable monomer 5,5‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐one: Its copolymerization behavior with epoxide and its applications to shrinkage‐controlled epoxy‐curing systems
Authors: Morikawa Hiroshi , Sudo Atsushi , Nishida Haruo , Endo Takeshi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe copolymerization of epoxides and a six‐membered cyclic carbonate, 5,5‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐2‐one (DM6CC), was carried out with 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene as an initiator. In the copolymerization of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) and DM6CC, DM6CC remarkably accelerated the polymerization rate of GPE and also effectively suppressed chain‐transfer reactions, which occur in the homopolymerization of the epoxide. This suppression resulted in the formation of the corresponding copolymer with a higher molecular weight. Similar effects of DM6CC were also observed in a curing system with a Novolac‐type multifunctional epoxide (Novolac glycidyl ether). The curing reaction of the epoxide in the presence of DM6CC smoothly proceeded and yielded the corresponding networked polymer, showing a decrease in the volume shrinkage as the DM6CC content increased. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 372–378, 2005
Synthesis and properties of new polyurethanes with triazene moieties in the main chain
Authors: Buruiana Emil C. , Melinte Violeta , Buruiana Tinca , Simionescu Bogdan C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA new diol with bistriazene groups, 1,1′[4,4′‐diphenylether]‐3,3′‐di(β‐hydroxyethyl methyl)‐bistriazene (BTD), was synthesized and characterized. BTD, along with N‐methyldiethanolamine as a chain extender, was used to prepare a segmented polyurethane based on poly(tetramethylene oxide) diol (weight‐average molecular weight = 2000) and 2,4‐tolylene diisocyanate (80:20 v/v 2,4‐/2,6‐isomer mixture). Subsequent quaternization of the amine with benzyl chloride formed the cationomer. The structure–property relationships, including the photochemical behavior of the triazene linkage in these polymers, were investigated with respect to another polyurethane prepared from 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate and a bistriazene compound. Photolysis experiments were carried out in polymer solutions and in the film state, and the reduction of the π–π* absorption band, characteristic of the triazene chromophore in ultraviolet spectra, was followed. A kinetic evaluation revealed a first‐order photoprocess. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 385–391, 2005
Structure and physical properties of cellulose acetate butyrate/poly(butylene succinate) blend
Authors: Tatsushima Tohru , Ogata Nobuo , Nakane Koji , Ogihara Takashi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)/ poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blend films were prepared by using a cast blend method with chloroform. Homogenous blend films were obtained over a wide range of the blend ratio. The compatibility and physical properties of the blends have been investigated. The following conclusions were deduced: i) CAB molecules inhibit crystallization of PBS in the blends; ii) over the range of PBS contents from 0 to 30 wt %, PBS molecules have a high miscibility with CAB molecules and PBS molecules are in an amorphous state; iii) over the range of PBS contents from 30 to 80 wt %, PBS molecules form both crystalline and amorphous regions, and a portion of the amorphous PBS molecules is blended with CAB molecules; iv) porous material could be obtained by immersing the blend films in acetone. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 400–406, 2005
Studies on the grafting of acryloylated potato starch with styrene
Authors: Fang J. M. , Fowler P. A. , Hill C. A. S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAn investigation of graft polymerization to determine the potential of a starch‐bonded acryloyl group as a suitable coupling agent with vinyl monomers was carried out. In this case, potassium persulfate was used as a free‐radical initiator using water as the reaction solvent for further graft polymerization. This work revealed the ability of water as a reaction medium; perhydroxyl and hydroxyl radicals were easily formed from persulfate to produce free radicals to activate the styrene monomer towards grafting with acryloylated potato starch. The graft copolymers were characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy and further confirmed using saponification. The analysis results showed the grafted potato starch with the styryl chain afforded protection to the ester bond, which resisted the alkaline hydrolysis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 452–459, 2005
Ridge regression optimization using a harmonious approach
Authors: Forrester J. B. , Kalivas J. H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA critical component of ridge regression (RR) is determining the optimal ridge parameter value, λ, where λ≥0. Improper selection of λ not only generates an under‐ or overfitted model but also leads to incorrect conclusions in inter‐model comparison studies such as between RR, PLS, PCR and other modeling methods. Several methods for determining the optimal RR model are evaluated in this paper. For example, the commonly used ridge trace is identified as subjective and impractical. A direct calculation method from the literature yields over‐ or underfitted RR models with λ either too small or to large respectively. Methods for determining λ based on a harmonious approach are discussed. The harmonious approach optimizes λ by inspecting the bias/variance tradeoff. Of the methods investigated, plotting a variance indicator against a bias measure to yield an L‐curve appears not only to simplify selection of λ but also to reduce the chance of obtaining an under‐ or overfitted RR model. It is shown with four data sets that the L‐curve harmonious approach consistently provides good models. The effective rank of models is also discussed in conjunction with the harmony/parsimony tradeoff. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional holography of complex networks activity—From cultures to the human brain
Authors: Baruchi Itay , Towle Vernon L. , Ben‐Jacob Eshel 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA functional holography (FH) approach is introduced for analyzing the complex activity of biological networks in the space of functional correlations. Although the activity is often recorded from part of the nodes only, the goal is to decipher the activity of the whole network. This is why the analysis is guided by the “whole in every part” nature of a holograms—a small part of a hologram will generate the whole picture but with lower resolution. The analysis is started by constructing the space of functional correlations from the similarities between the activities of the network components using a special collective normalization or affinity transformation. Using dimension reduction algorithms like PCA, a connectivity diagram is generated in the 3‐dimensional space of the leading eigenvectors of the algorithm. The network components are positioned in the 3‐dimensional space by projection on the eigenvectors and connect them with colored lines that represent the similarities. Temporal (causal) information is superimposed by coloring the node's locations according to the temporal ordering of their activities. Utilizing the analysis, the existence of hidden manifolds with simple yet characteristic geometrical and topological features in the complex biological activity was discovered from cultured networks to the human brain. These findings could be a consequence of the analysis being consistent with a new holographic principle by which biological networks regulate their complex activity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 10: 38–51, 2005
Synthesis and Molecular Structure of New Unsaturated Analogues of Nucleotides Containing Six‐Membered Rings
Authors: Brel Valery K. , Belsky Vitaly K. , Stash Adam I. , Zavodnik Valery E. , Stang Peter J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe reaction of 1‐(chloromethyl)‐3‐(diethoxyphosphonyl)allenes 15 and 16 with purine and pyrimidine bases in the presence of cesium carbonate afforded new acyclic analogs of nucleotides containing a 1,2‐alkadienic skeleton (17−24). Intramolecular cyclization of the alkoxides tethered to the allenyl moiety yielded dihydropyrans 33−38 and dihydrofurans 39 and 40. Dealkylation of the dihydropyrans led to the corresponding phosphonic acids. The molecular structures of new nucleotide analogs 33 and 36 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray analyses. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis of Novel Dendrimeric Systems Containing NLO Ligands
Authors: Brouwer Arwin J. , Liskamp Rob M. J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe convergent synthesis of novel dendrimeric systems containing NLO‐ligands is described. The poor solubility properties of dendrimers of type A containing NLO‐ligands enticed us into developing novel dendrimers of type B leading to the convergent synthesis of third generation NLO‐containing dendrimer 15 containing branches of unequal length. Furthermore, a strategy was developed for connection of dendrons leading to dendrimer‐to‐dendrimer systems of type C. For this a dendrimer was required of which selectively one branch could be deprotected i.e. dendrimer 22. To the deprotected branch a next dendrimer moiety was attached leading to 23, also containing a deprotectable branch, which was used for attachment of another dendrimer moiety, leading to dendrimer‐to‐dendrimer system 24. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Prostaglandin E and prostacyclin receptor expression in tumor and host tissues from MCG 101‐bearing mice: A model with prostanoid‐related cachexia
Authors: Wang Wenhua , Andersson Marianne , Lõnnroth Christina , Svanberg Elisabeth , Lundholm Kent 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPreclinical and clinical studies in our laboratory have suggested that prostaglandin (PG) E2 is involved in anorexia and cachexia development, although the role of COX pathways on the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia remains to be clarified. Expressions of PGE (EP1, EP2, EP3α,β,γ and EP4) and PGI (IP) receptors in the central nervous system (brain cortex, hypothalamus and brain stem), in peripheral (liver, white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle) and tumor tissue from MCG‐101‐bearing mice with and without indomethacin treatment were investigated by RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. Expression of EP1 in the liver and EP4 receptor in white adipose tissue were upregulated and responded to indomethacin treatment, while downregulated expression of EP3 in skeletal muscle from tumor‐bearing mice was unresponsive to indomethacin treatment despite improved carcass weight. Expression of EP and IP receptors in brain and tumor tissue from tumor‐bearing mice were neither related nor responsive to systemic PGE2 levels including increased IL‐1bβ, IL‐6 and TNF‐aα host activities. The expression IP receptor in CNS, peripheral tissue and tumor tissue was unchanged by cachexia development. Our results suggest that transcription of EP receptors in liver, fat and skeletal muscle tissue may be a control level for host metabolic alterations during tumor progression, while overall EP and IP receptor expression in CNS did not indicate an important control level for appetite regulation in MCG 101‐bearing mice despite prostanoid related anorexia. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroscience and accelerator mass spectrometry
Authors: Palmblad Magnus , Buchholz Bruce A. , Hillegonds Darren J. , Vogel John S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAccelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a mass spectrometric method for quantifying rare isotopes. It has had a great impact in geochronology and archaeology and is now being applied in biomedicine. AMS measures radioisotopes such as 3H, 14C, 26Al, 36Cl and 41Ca, with zepto‐ or attomole sensitivity and high precision and throughput, allowing safe human pharmacokinetic studies involving microgram doses, agents having low bioavailability or toxicology studies where administered doses must be kept low (<1 µg kg−1). It is used to study long‐term pharmacokinetics, to identify biomolecular interactions, to determine chronic and low‐dose effects or molecular targets of neurotoxic substances, to quantify transport across the blood–brain barrier and to resolve molecular turnover rates in the human brain on the time‐scale of decades. We review here how AMS is applied in neurotoxicology and neuroscience. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of chronic morphine exposure on the synaptic plasma‐membrane subproteome of rats: a quantitative protein profiling study based on isotope‐coded affinity tags and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Prokai Laszlo , Zharikova Alevtina D. , Stevens Stanley M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe effect of chronic morphine exposure on the synaptic plasma‐membrane subproteome in rats was studied by the isotope‐coded affinity tag (ICAT) method coupled with capillary reversed‐phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. ICAT‐labeled tryptic peptides of synaptic membrane proteins were successfully identified using tandem mass spectrometry in conjunction with protein database searching. Several important synaptic plasma‐membrane proteins displayed significant regulation changes as a result of chronic morphine exposure in vivo. In particular, an integral membrane protein Na+/K+ ATPase (α‐subunit) involved in regulation of the cell membrane potential by controlling sodium and potassium ion permeability was downregulated by 39 ± 2%. This result was in excellent agreement with the reduction in electrogenic Na+, K+ pumping due to about 40% downregulation of Na+/K+ ATPase α3‐isoform in myenteric S‐neurons of morphine‐exposed guinea‐pigs measured by others via immunohistochemistry. The decrease in the abundance of non‐erythroid αII‐spectrin in the synaptic plasma‐membrane fraction was also observed, which was hypothetically associated with the breakdown of the protein due to the upregulation of the proteolytic enzyme caspase‐3 upon chronic morphine exposure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative peptidomics of mouse pituitary: comparison of different stable isotopic tags
Authors: Che Fa‐Yun , Fricker Lloyd D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDetermining the relative levels of neuropeptides in two samples is important for many biological studies. An efficient, sensitive and accurate technique for relative quantitative analysis involves tagging the peptides in the two samples with isotopically distinct labels, pooling the samples and analyzing them using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). In this study, we compared two different sets of isotopic tags for analysis of endogenous mouse pituitary peptides: succinic anhydride with either four hydrogens or deuteriums and [3‐(2,5‐dioxopyrrolidin‐1‐yloxycarbonyl)propyl]trimethylammonium chloride with either nine hydrogens or deuteriums. These two labels react with amines and impart either a negative charge (succinyl) or a positive charge (4‐trimethylammoniumbutyryl (TMAB)). Every endogenous mouse pituitary peptide labeled with the light TMAB reagent eluted from the C18 reversed‐phase column at essentially the same time as the corresponding peptide labeled with the heavy reagent. Most of the peptides labeled with succinyl groups also showed co‐elution of the heavy‐ and light‐labeled forms on LC/MS. The mass difference between the heavy and light TMAB reagents (9 Da per label) was larger than that of the heavy and light succinyl labels (4 Da per label), and for some peptides the larger mass difference provided more accurate determination of the relative abundance of each form. Altogether, using both labels, 82 peptides were detected in Cpefat/fat mouse pituitary extracts. Of these, only 16 were detected with both labels, 41 were detected only with the TMAB label and 25 were detected only with the succinyl label. A number of these peptides were de novo sequenced using low‐energy collisional tandem mass spectrometry. Whereas the succinyl group was stable to the collision‐induced dissociation of the peptide, the TMAB‐labeled peptides lost 59 Da per H9 TMAB group. Several peptides identified in this analysis represent previously undescribed post‐translational processing products of known pituitary prohormones. In conclusion, both succinyl and TMAB isotopic labels are useful for quantitative peptidomics, and together these two labels provide more complete coverage of the endogenous peptides. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polycondensations of Bisphenol‐A with Diphosgene or Triphosgene in Water‐Free Organic Solvents
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Böhme Sigrid , Schwarz Gert 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSummary: Bisphenol‐A was polycondensed with diphosgene and excess pyridine in a mixture of dry dichloromethane and 1,4‐dioxane. The stoichiometry was varied to optimize the molecular weight. According to MALDI‐TOF mass spectra the fraction of cyclic polycarbonates increased with higher molecular weights. Analogous results were obtained with triphosgene. When pyridine was replaced by triethylamine, diethyl carbamoyl chloride was formed and an excess of diphosgene (plus triethylamine) yielded polycarbonates having one or two diethylcarbamate endgroups. However, the content of cycles increased again with the molecular weight and peaked for the sample with the maximum molecular weight. 1H NMR endgroup analyses confirmed the interpretation of the MALDI‐TOF mass spectra. SEC measurement indicated high polydispersity indices (around 7) for samples rich in cycles.
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Ink‐Jet Printing of Metallic Nanoparticles and Microemulsions
Authors: Kamyshny Alexander , Ben‐Moshe Matti , Aviezer Shai , Magdassi Shlomo 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSummary: Two types of ink‐jet inks are presented: ink containing an aqueous dispersion of silver nanoparticles and an oil‐in‐water microemulsion‐based ink. The metallic ink contains nanoparticles of silver, which are formed in the presence of an ionic polymeric stabilizer. Sintering of the printed image obtained with the use of such silver‐based inks at temperatures as low as 300 °C results in formation of patterns possessing noticeable conductivity. The microemulsion inks are based on a thermodynamically stable microemulsion, in which the dispersed oil phase is a volatile solvent containing a water‐insoluble colorant. After contact of the jetted ink droplets with a substrate, nanodroplets of the microemulsion are converted into nanoparticles of the solubilized colorant. In some cases, it was found that the evaporation of microemulsion ink droplets leads to formation of rings composed of ordered nanoparticles.Scheme of ink‐jet printing of an oil‐in‐water microemulsion followed by conversion of the nanodroplets into nanoparticles, caused by quick evaporation of the solvent within the microemulsion droplets. Therefore, the ink behaves as a dye‐based ink prior to printing, but after printing it behaves like a pigment‐based ink.magnified imageScheme of ink‐jet printing of an oil‐in‐water microemulsion followed by conversion of the nanodroplets into nanoparticles, caused by quick evaporation of the solvent within the microemulsion droplets. Therefore, the ink behaves as a dye‐based ink prior to printing, but after printing it behaves like a pigment‐based ink.
A compact wideband omnidirectional cross‐plate monopole antenna
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Wu Chih‐Hsien , Chang Fa‐Shian 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA novel cross‐plate monopole antenna formed by two orthogonal step‐shaped metal plates is presented. The antenna occupies a compact cross‐sectional area and yet provides a wide operating bandwidth (lower‐to‐upper‐edge frequency ratio larger than 1:6) with omnidirectional or near‐omnidirectional radiation patterns. Details of the proposed antenna are described, and a prototype is constructed and studied. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 492–494, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20676
Design and performance of a novel broadband uniplanar balanced subharmonic mixer
Authors: Choi Sung Tae , Kim Yong Hoon 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA novel wideband uniplanar balanced subharmonic mixer is proposed and demonstrated. The mixer is based on the broadband tapered coplanar‐waveguide (CPW) DC‐block filter, and the in‐phase and out‐of‐phase T‐junctions are interconnected through a pair of quarter‐wavelength slotlines. The fabricated subharmonic mixer has an RF bandwidth of more than one octave from 12 to 28 GHz with a conversion loss ranging from 8.5 to 12.5 dB for LO signals from 6.1 to 14.1 GHz with a power level of 9.5 dBm. The measured LO‐to‐RF, LO‐to‐IF, and RF‐to‐IF isolations are better than 15.5, 34, and 26.6 dB, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 508–510, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20681
Application of left‐handed media in distributed amplifiers
Authors: Eccleston K. W. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA combination of left‐handed and conventional right‐handed media transmission lines is used in place of conventional right‐handed media transmission lines in a single‐ended dual‐fed distributed amplifier. This approach results in increased bandwidth and circuit size reduction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 527–530, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20686
A new element design for an axis‐independent, tunable, negative‐permeability artificial meta‐material
Authors: Ouyang Gong , Jandhyala Vikram 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA new meta‐material element that can realize axis‐independent negative permeability is proposed and analyzed. The element is constructed as an intuitive 3D analog of the well‐known flat split‐ring structure (SRR). Unlike the SRR, the proposed element exhibits negative permeability for three preferred coordinate axes, and therefore enables meta‐material applications such as focusing and efficient radiation from electrically small structures in multiple directions within the same structure. In addition, it is shown that the addition of lumped‐circuit components to the element enables both tunability and functionality at very small sizes, far from the intrinsic resonance of the structure itself. The designed element is then simulated rigorously using a previously reported integral‐equation technique that includes the ability to model linear and nonlinear tuning elements attached to the meta‐material elements. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 530–533, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20687
26‐GHz pHEMT VCO MMIC
Authors: Wen Yu , Xiaowei Sun , Rong Qian , Yimen Zhang 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA wide tuning range and high‐output‐power 26‐GHz pHEMT voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) MMIC based on a 0.25‐μm GaAs pHEMT process is presented. The active‐biasing technique has been adopted to reduce the chip size and to increase the bandwidth of operation, and maximum negative resistance has been chosen in order to obtain high output power. The measured (with the chip in a test fixture) oscillating frequency is 25.7 ± 0.7 GHz and the output power is 11 ± 1 dBm (with test fixture loss considered). The fabricated VCO MMIC chip size is 1.5 × 1.0 mm. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 550–552, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20694