bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solitary versus multiple bone metastases in the appendicular skeleton
Authors: Ladegaard Thea H. , Sørensen Michala S. , Petersen Michael M. 
Published: November 2023

AimsWe first sought to compare survival for patients treated surgically for solitary and multiple metastases in the appendicular skeleton, and second, to explore the role of complete and incomplete resection (R0 and R1/R2) in patients with a solitary bony metastasis in the appendicular skeleton.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study on a population-based cohort of all adult patients treated surgically for bony metastases of the appendicular skeleton between January 2014 and December 2019. We excluded patients in whom the status of bone metastases and resection margin was unknown. Patients were followed until the end of the study or to their death. We had no loss to follow-up. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis (with log-rank test) to evaluate patient survival. We identified 506 operations in 459 patients. A total of 120 operations (in 116 patients) were for solitary metastases and 386 (in 345 patients) for multiple metastases. Of the 120 operations, 70 (in 69 patients) had no/an unknown status of visceral metastases (solitary group) and 50 (in 49 patients) had visceral metastases. In the solitary group, 45 operations (in 44 patients) were R0 (resections for cure or complete remission) and 25 (in 25 patients) were R1/R2 (resections leaving microscopic or macroscopic tumour, respectively). The most common types of cancer in the solitary group were kidney (n = 27), lung (n = 25), and breast (n = 20).ResultsThe one-year patient survival was 47% (95% confidence interval (CI) 38 to 57) for the solitary bony metastases and 34% (95% CI 29 to 39) for multiple bone metastases (p < 0.001). The one-year patient survival was 64% (95% CI 52 to 75) for solitary bony metastases without/with unknown visceral metastases and 23% (95% CI 11 to 36) for solitary bony metastases with visceral metastases (p < 0.001). The one-year patient survival was 75% (95% CI 62 to 89) for a solitary bony metastasis after R0 surgery and 42% (95% CI 22 to 61) for a solitary bony metastasis with R1/R2 surgery (p < 0.001).ConclusionOur study suggests that the surgical treatment of patients with a solitary bony metastasis to the appendicular skeleton results in better survival than for patients with multiple bony metastases. Furthermore, aggressive treatment of a solitary bony metastasis with R0 surgery may improve patient survival.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(11):1206–1215.
Alcohol use among emergency medicine department patients in Tanzania: A comparative analysis of injury versus non-injury patients
Authors: Pauley Alena , Thatcher Emily C. , Sarafian Joshua T. , Zadey Siddhesh , Shayo Frida , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Sakita Francis , Boshe Judith , Vissoci João Ricardo Nickenig , Staton Catherine A. 
Published: November 2023

Background
Alcohol is a leading behavioral risk factor for death and disability worldwide. Tanzania has few trained personnel and resources for treating unhealthy alcohol use. In Emergency Medicine Departments (EMDs), alcohol is a well-known risk factor for injury patients. At Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC) in Moshi, Tanzania, 30% of EMD injury patients (IP) test positive for alcohol upon arrival to the ED. While the IP population is prime for EMD-based interventions, there is limited data on if non-injury patients (NIP) have similar alcohol use behavior and potentially benefit from screening and intervention as well.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of a systematic random sampling of adult (≥18 years old), KiSwahili speaking, KCMC EMD patients surveyed between October 2021 and May 2022. When medically stable and clinically sober, participants provided informed consent. Information on demographics (sex, age, years of education, type of employment, income, marital status, tribe, and religion), injury status, self-reported alcohol use, and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Identification Test (AUDIT) scores were collected. Descriptive statistics were analyzed in RStudio using frequencies and proportions.

Results
Of the 376 patients enrolled, 59 (15.7%) presented with an injury. The IP and NIP groups did not differ in any demographics except sex, an expected difference as females were intentionally oversampled in the original study design. The mean [SD] AUDIT score (IP: 5.8 [6.6]; NIP: 3.9 [6.1]), drinks per week, and proportion of AUDIT ≥8 was higher for IP (IP:37%; NIP: 21%). However, alcohol preferences, drinking quantity, weekly expenditure on alcohol, perceptions of unhealthy alcohol use, attempts and reasons to quit, and treatment seeking were comparable between IPs and NIPs.

Conclusion
Our data suggests 37% of injury and 20% of non-injury patients screen positive for harmful or hazardous drinking in our setting. An EMD-based alcohol treatment and referral process could be beneficial to reduce this growing behavioral risk factor in non-injury as well as injury populations.
Racial & ethnic disparities in geographic access to critical care in the United States: A geographic information systems analysis
Authors: Burdick Kendall J. , Rees Chris A. , Lee Lois K. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Mannix Rebekah , Mills David , Hirsh Michael P. , Fleegler Eric W. 
Published: November 2023

Objective
It is important to identify gaps in access and reduce health outcome disparities, understanding access to intensive care unit (ICU) beds, especially by race and ethnicity, is crucial. Our objective was to evaluate the race and ethnicity-specific 60-minute drive time accessibility of ICU beds in the United States (US).

Design
We conducted a cross-sectional study using road network analysis to determine the number of ICU beds within a 60-minute drive time, and calculated adult intensive care bed ratios per 100,000 adults. We evaluated the US population at the Census block group level and stratified our analysis by race and ethnicity and by urbanicity. We classified block groups into four access levels: no access (0 adult intensive care beds/100,000 adults), below average access (>0–19.5), average access (19.6–32.0), and above average access (>32.0). We calculated the proportion of adults in each racial and ethnic group within the four access levels.

Setting
All 50 US states and the District of Columbia.

Participants
Adults ≥15 years old.

Main outcome measures
Adult intensive care beds/100,000 adults and percentage of adults national and state) within four access levels by race and ethnicity.

Results
High variability existed in access to ICU beds by state, and substantial disparities by race and ethnicity. 1.8% (n = 5,038,797) of Americans had no access to an ICU bed, and 26.8% (n = 73,095,752) had below average access, within a 60-minute drive time. Racial and ethnic analysis showed high rates of disparities (no access/below average access): American Indians/Alaskan Native 12.6%/28.5%, Asian 0.7%/23.1%, Black or African American 0.6%/16.5%, Hispanic or Latino 1.4%/23.0%, Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander 5.2%/35.0%, and White 2.1%/29.0%. A higher percentage of rural block groups had no (5.2%) or below average access (41.2%), compared to urban block groups (0.2% no access, 26.8% below average access).

Conclusion
ICU bed availability varied substantially by geography, race and ethnicity, and by urbanicity, creating significant disparities in critical care access. The variability in ICU bed access may indicate inequalities in healthcare access overall by limiting resources for the management of critically ill patients.
Pharmaceutical industry payments to NHS trusts in England: A four-year analysis of the Disclosure UK database
Authors: Ozieranski Piotr , Saghy Eszter , Mulinari Shai 
Published: November 2023

Introduction
Although hospitals are key health service providers, their financial ties to drug companies are little understood. We examine non-research pharmaceutical industry payments to English National Health Service (NHS) trusts—hospital groupings providing secondary and tertiary care.

Methods
We extracted data from the industry-run Disclosure UK database, analysing it descriptively and using the Jonckheere-Terpstra test to establish whether a statistically significant time trend existed in the median values of individual payments. We explained payment value and number per trust with random effects models, using selected trust characteristics as predictors.

Results
Drug companies reported paying £60,253,421 to 234 trusts, representing between 90.0% and 92.0% of all trusts in England between 2015 and 2018. As a share of payments to all healthcare organisations, the number of payments rose from 38.6% to 39.5%, but their value dropped from 33.0% to 23.6%. The number of payments for fees for service and consultancy and contributions to costs of events increased by 61.5% and 29.4%. The median payment value decreased significantly for trusts overall (from £2,250.8 to £1,758.5), including those with lower autonomy from central government; providing acute services; and from half of England’s regions. The random effects model showed that acute trusts received significantly more money on average than trusts with all other service profiles; and trusts from East England received significantly less than those from London. However, trusts enjoying greater autonomy from government did not receive significantly more money than others. Trusts also received significantly less money in 2018 than in 2015.

Conclusion
NHS trusts had extensive pharmaceutical industry ties but were losing importance as payment targets relative to other healthcare organisations. Industry payment strategies shifted towards events sponsorship, consultancies, and smaller payments. Trusts with specific service and geographical profiles were prioritised. Understanding corporate payments across the health system requires more granular disclosure data.
Julius Petzholdt and the North American Library World: Transatlantic Circulation of Bibliothecal Knowledge in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Minter Catherine J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite his many contributions to bibliography and librarianship, the importance of the German librarian Julius Petzholdt (1812–91) has rarely been recognized. This article argues that Petzholdt’s significance becomes clearer when viewed from a transcultural, and specifically transatlantic, perspective. The first part of the article highlights the part played by Petzholdt’s long-lived bibliographical periodical, the Anzeiger für Bibliographie und Bibliothekswissenschaft, in disseminating knowledge of North American libraries and librarianship to a broad scholarly audience in the second half of the nineteenth century. Conversely, the second section of the article illustrates how Arnim Graesel’s 1890 and 1902 editions of Petzholdt’s seminal work on library economy, the Katechismus der Bibliothekenlehre (1856), serve to illuminate bibliothecal themes from Western Europe that were adopted, adapted, and perpetuated by North American librarians during the same period. Overall, the article emphasizes that Petzholdt and his contributions played a key role in the transatlantic circulation of bibliothecal knowledge during a critical period in the evolution of librarianship as a profession.
A comprehensive review on fractional-order optimal control problem and its solution
Authors: Abd-Elmonem Assmaa , Banerjee Ramashis , Ahmad Shabir , Jamshed Wasim , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Eid Mohamed R. , Ibrahim Rabha W. , El Din Sayed M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article presents a comprehensive literature survey on fractional-order optimal control problems. Fractional-order differential equation is extensively used nowadays to model real-world systems accurately, which exhibit fractal dimensions, memory effects, as well as chaotic behaviour. These versatile features attract engineers to concentrate more on this, and it is widely used in the broad domain of science and technology. The mentioned numerical tools take the necessary optimal conditions into account, which makes it a two-point boundary value problem of non-integer order. In this review article, some numerical approaches for the approximation have been stated for obtaining the solution to fractional optimal control problems (FOCPs). Here, few numerical approaches including Grunwald-Letnikov approximation, Adams type predictor-corrector method, generalized Euler’s method, Caputo-Fabrizio method Bernoulli and Legendre polynomials method, Legendre operational method, and Ritz’s and Jacobi’s method are treated as an advanced method to obtain the solution of FOCP. Fractional delayed optimal control is selected for our investigation. It refers to a type of control problem where the control action is delayed by a fractional amount of time. In other words, the control input at a given time depends not only on the current state of the system but also on its past state at fractional times. The fractional delayed optimal control problem is formulated as an optimization problem that seeks to minimize a cost function subject to a set of constraints that represent the dynamics of the system and the fractional delay in the control input. The solution to this problem typically involves the use of fractional polynomials types, i.e. Chebyshev and Bassel polynomials.
Rückbau von Kernkraftwerken und Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle in Deutschland: ordnungspolitischer Handlungsbedarf
Authors: von Hirschhausen Christian , Wimmers Alexander 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Im vorliegenden Beitrag untersuchen Christian von Hirschhausen und Alexander Wimmers die ordnungspolitischen Herausforderungen im Rückbau abgeschalteter Kernkraftwerke und in der Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle in Deutschland. Im öffentlichen Diskurs wenig beachtet, befinden sich beide Bereiche bereits heute in einer Schieflage, die sich zu verschlimmern droht: Der Rückbau von Forschungsreaktoren und Leistungsreaktoren ist gegenüber ursprünglichen Plänen erheblich verzögert, daraus folgende Kostensteigerungen stellen private und öffentliche Finanzierungskonzepte in Frage. Es wäre daher notwendig, den Prozess zu beschleunigen und wettbewerbliche Ausschreibungslösungen in Deutschland und auch in Europa zu nutzen. Noch dringlicher ist der Reformbedarf in der Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle, die durch die angekündigte Verschiebung um mehrere Jahrzehnte außer Kontrolle zu geraten droht; der Prozess dürfte mehr als 100 Jahre in Anspruch nehmen. Angesichts der drohenden Verzögerung der Prozesse gilt es, Lösungen für die absehbare Überbelastung des öffentlichen Fonds zur Finanzierung der Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle (KENFO) zu entwickeln.
Bargmann transform and statistical properties for nonlinear coherent states of the isotonic oscillator
Authors: Ouirdani Ghayth , El Moize Othmane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We construct a new class of nonlinear coherent states for the isotonic oscillator by replacing the factorial of the coefficients

z

n

/

n
!

${z}^{n}/\sqrt{n!}$

of the canonical coherent states by the factorial

x

n

γ

!
=

x

1

γ

.

x

2

γ

…

x

n

γ

${x}_{n}^{\gamma }!={x}_{1}^{\gamma }.{x}_{2}^{\gamma }\dots {x}_{n}^{\gamma }$

with

x

0

γ

=
0

${x}_{0}^{\gamma }=0$

, where

x

n

γ

${x}_{n}^{\gamma }$

is a sequence of positive numbers and γ is a positive real parameter. This also leads to the construction of a Bargmann-type integral transform which will allow us to find some integral transforms for orthogonal polynomials. The statistics of our coherent states will also be considered by the calculus of one called Mandel parameter. The squeezing phenomenon was also discussed.
Population size and demographic parameters of pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata graffmani) (Cetartiodactyla: Delphinidae) in Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica
Authors: Oviedo Correa Lenin , Herra-Miranda David , Pacheco-Polanco Juan Diego 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The coastal form of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) is commonly found along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Within Golfo Dulce, a fiord-like-embayment bordering the Osa Peninsula, pantropical spotted dolphins are sympatric with inshore bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and these marine predators provide an important source of revenue for local communities through boat-based tours.
Objective: Here we estimated the population size and demographic parameters of the coastal pantropical spotted dolphins in Golfo Dulce.
Methods: The study area was surveyed using non-random boat surveys. Upon encounter, dolphins were individually photo-identified using natural marks in their dorsal fins to estimate population abundance and survival using three emigration scenarios.
Results: A total of 280 dolphins were photoidentified, 65 % of which were observed only once. A total of 30 models were produced, and only two were considered to be parsimonious. Both models explain seasonal apparent survival and its variation due to heterogeneity in capture-recapture probability, one under no emigration (ΔQAICc = 0.00) and the other under random emigration (ΔQAICc = 1.72). We deemed the latter to be a more realistic model as it better reflects our in-situ observations. Under this preferred model the population size of pantropical spotted dolphins in Golfo Dulce varied from 187.30 individuals (CI: 168.67 – 208.02, CV: 0.11) to 367.88 individuals (CI: 341.51 – 396.31, CV: 0.07), with no significant differences in abundance due to seasonality and very high apparent survival (S = 0.98, CI: 0.68 – 0.99, SE: 0.02).
Conclusions: The number of identified dolphins and the proportion of individuals seen only once suggest the fluid movement of the population in and out of the gulf. However, the population size and demographic estimates are characterized by several identified individuals regularly recaptured inside the gulf. This group of dolphins appears to favor the inner basin as a critical foraging habitat. Given the increase of anthropogenic impacts within Golfo Dulce, future management and conservation efforts will require the recognition of an ecologically discrete population unit of coastal pantropical spotted dolphins within the gulf.
Mitochondrial DNA supports the low genetic diversity of Tursiops truncatus (Artiodactyla: Delphinidae) in Bocas del Toro, Panama and exhibits new Caribbean haplotypes
Authors: Duarte-Fajardo María Alejandra , Barragán-Barrera Dalia C. , Correa-Cárdenas Camilo A. , Pérez-Ortega Betzi , Farías-Curtidor Nohelia , Caballero Susana 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is one of the most studied cetaceans worldwide; however, information about the genetic structure of wild populations is scarce in some regions like Central America and the Caribbean. There are two known genetic forms identified in the Caribbean based on mitochondrial DNA Control Region (mtDNA-CR) data: the ‘inshore (or coastal) form’ and the ‘Worldwide distributed form’. In general, the inshore form refers to coastal and highly philopatric populations that show low genetic diversity. Worldwide distributed form refers to highly mobile populations with coastal and oceanic individuals that do not show philopatry and usually display high genetic diversity.
Objective: To determine the preliminary genetic status of common bottlenose dolphins in La Guajira, Colombian Caribbean, using a hypervariable portion of mtDNA-CR. The obtained haplotypes were compared with samples collected in Panama (likely ‘inshore form’) and with haplotypes previously found in other areas of the Caribbean.
Methods: In 2016, a total of 26 skin samples were obtained by remote biopsy system (PAXARMS) in two locations, La Guajira (Colombia, N=7) and Bocas del Toro (Panama, N=19). DNA was extracted, samples sexed, and a segment of mtDNA-CR (~550-750 bp) was amplified by PCR. The successfully amplified DNA sequences were manually reviewed and cleaned, and subsequently compared with 44 haplotypes previously reported for the Caribbean.
Results: The mtDNA-CR sequences from Bocas del Toro shared the same unique inshore haplotype previously reported for this population, while the samples from La Guajira represented six novel haplotypes, five belonging to the Worldwide distributed form and one to the ‘inshore form.’ Population structure analysis revealed two phylogroups for the Caribbean (FST=0.1353, ΦST=0.3330) with high haplotype diversity: Panama(Bocas del Toro)-Bahamas-Cuba-Mexico (h=0.8489, π=4.2536 %) and Colombia-Costa Rica-Honduras-Puerto Rico (h=0.8837, π=4.2423 %).
Conclusions: These findings support the results previously reported for common bottlenose dolphins in Bocas del Toro-Panama and reinforce the need to protect this vulnerable ‘inshore’ population by treating it as a unique population management unit. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of samples collected from La Guajira dolphins provide the first insight into the genetic diversity of common bottlenose dolphins in this region, indicating the presence of both inshore and Worldwide distributed genetic forms. The potential connectivity of this last form among La Guajira-Colombia, Costa Rica, and Honduras in Central America highlights the need for more genetic and ecological studies to determine the appropriate management units for this species in Central America and the Caribbean.