bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indefinite object drop is lexically constrained
Authors: Martínez-García Carlos , Rinke Esther , Kerezova Nelli 
Published: January 2025

This paper discusses the lexical constraints regulating the occurrence of indefinite null objects in European Spanish in comparison to European Portuguese. Based on previous research and corpus data, we suggest that the distribution of indefinite null objects is determined by the lexical constraints governing the distribution of object bare nouns. We propose that a predicate’s ability to allow for certain types of bare nouns predicts its capacity to permit corresponding indefinite null objects. Specifically, predicates that allow for object bare plurals and object mass nouns also allow for indefinite null objects referring to these types of bare nouns, while those permitting bare singulars allow for indefinite null objects referring to all types of bare nouns. Conversely, predicates that do not allow for any kind of object bare nouns do also not allow for indefinite null objects. The theoretical advantage of this proposal is that the distribution of indefinite object drop in Spanish is derived from the distribution of object bare nouns, not from a newly posited grammatical mechanism. Additionally, we propose a universal implicational hierarchy wherein languages with fewer restrictions on object bare nouns are more likely to allow for indefinite null objects. Our examination of European Portuguese data shows that EP is more permissive with regard to indefinite null objects and supports this hierarchy account, demonstrating its applicability to crosslinguistic patterns of different types of null objects and object bare nouns.
Двой­ственная природа НКО: между автономией и регуляторным контролем
Authors: Вахтина Маргарита 
Published: January 2025

В статье анализируются институциональные факторы, влияющие на функционирование российского некоммерческого сектора, с акцентом на влияние государственной политики и рыночных механизмов на его деятельность. Рассматривается двой­ственная природа некоммерческих организаций (НКО), сочетающая автономность и зависимость от государства, что обусловливает уникальные проблемы и вызовы, стоящие перед сектором. Особое внимание уделяется феномену псевдорынков, возникающих в результате участия НКО в экономической деятельности при ограниченных правовых и институциональных возможностях. Такие отношения, формально имитирующие рыночные механизмы, искажают экономическую природу сектора, приводя к снижению эффективности работы НКО и подрыву предпринимательской активности в бизнес-­среде. Автор подчеркивает, что ключевые риски коммерциализации и огосударствления, стоящие перед российскими НКО, тесно связаны с недостаточной согласованностью нормативной базы, включая противоречия в определении их статуса и видов деятельности. В статье проводится анализ государственного регулирования и механизмов поддержки социально ориентированных НКО (СОНКО), включая предоставление статусов, таких как «исполнитель общественно полезных услуг». Рассматриваются особенности этих механизмов, включая сложности с доступом к субсидиям и оценку качества услуг, что ограничивает потенциал НКО в реализации их социальной миссии. Также отмечается тенденция к увеличению числа НКО, учрежденных государством, что способствует усилению регуляторного давления и снижению автономности сектора. Выявленные особенности институциональной среды показывают, что наряду с ростом объемов государственной поддержки сектора, сохраняются серьезные ограничения, препятствующие устойчивому развитию НКО. В частности, отмечаются несовершенство механизмов контроля качества, неравномерность доступа к ресурсам и недостаточная прозрачность процедур, связанных с предоставлением субсидий, оценкой качества услуг, а также распределением статусов для получения государственной поддержки. Автор делает вывод о необходимости дальнейшего изучения некоммерческого сектора для выявления нормативных и институциональных противоречий. Выработка более сбалансированных правил и ограничений, направленных на поддержку автономии и эффективности НКО, является важным условием для усиления их роли в решении социальных задач.
Семья и семейные ценности в представлениях молодого поколения
Authors: Наберушкина Эльмира , Бессчетнова Оксана , Судоргин Олег 
Published: January 2025

Изменения семейных ценностей молодежи становятся важной темой для анализа в условиях постмодерна, цифровизации и глобальных социально-­экономических изменений. Данная статья посвящена изучению того, сохраняет ли семья свою значимость для нового поколения, а также выявлению факторов, влияющих на трансформацию семейных установок. Авторы задаются вопросом, обусловлены ли изменения в восприятии семейных ценностей изменением приоритетов молодежи в пользу личных свобод или же они являются следствием адаптации к объективным реалиям современного общества, где материнство (родительство) превратилось в «дорогостоящий проект». Для достижения цели проведена многослойная работа, включающая анализ зарубежных и отечественных научных исследований, данных ВЦИОМ и результатов авторского социологического исследования, проведенного среди студентов двух крупных московских университетов. Полученные данные позволили рассмотреть влияние социальных институтов, медиа, государства и рынка труда на формирование семейных установок. Результаты исследования показывают, что молодежь осознает значимость семьи, но переосмысляет ее функции и место в собственной жизни. Большинство респондентов считают семью важной ценностью, однако акцент смещается с ее традиционных функций, таких как репродуктивная и экономическая, на ее способность удовлетворять эмоциональные потребности в любви, заботе и личностной поддержке. Участники исследования демонстрируют индивидуалистический подход к семейной жизни, включая поддержку права на аборт, нейтральное отношение к сожительству и отложенное деторождение. В статье предлагаются рекомендации для социальной политики, направленные на поддержку института семьи, включая развитие гибких форм занятости для родителей, повышение доступности детских учреждений, популяризацию равного участия мужчин и женщин в семейной жизни, а также внедрение образовательных программ и инициатив наставничества. Особое внимание уделено роли СМИ как инструмента формирования ответственного родительства и осознанного подхода к созданию семьи. Таким образом, авторы акцентируют внимание на необходимости адаптации социальной политики к современным реалиям, учитывающей ценности молодежи и новые ожидания от семьи, что будет способствовать устойчивости института семьи и формированию благополучного общества.
Assessment and Improvement of Nutritive Value of Agricultural Residue Feed for Caprine
Authors: SHITTU Oluwatosin K. , ABDULKAREEM Biliksu , ALADE Halimat B. , TIJANI Jimoh O. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The use of agricultural residues as caprine feed is essential for sustaining livestock, and ensuring food security. However, the presence of fungal communities in these residues poses a threat to the feed quality and animal health. This study aimed to determine the fungal diversity and optimize of selenium nanoparticle (SeNPs) biosynthesis for antifungal scavengers for the feeds. The isolation and identification of the fungal species were characterised through morphological, microscopic, and phylogenetic analyses. The optimization of SeNPs was done using sodium selenite concentration, pH, and incubation time. While characterized was carried out with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and ZETA sizer. The presence of fungal species such as Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus species, Aspergillus niger, Trichophyton rubrum, Mucor sp., Macrosporium audounii, Epidermophyton floccosum, Verticillium tenesum, Tricophytonmetagrophi and Exophialajeanselmei was confirmed across the feeds. With fungal load of varying concentrations ranging from 1.76 x 104cfu/g of bean husk (BH) to 6.08 x 104cfu/g of groundnut husk (GOH) was also confirmed. The evolutionary classification of the fungi isolated showed a monophyletic pattern of Aspergillus flavus species clustered with a bootstrap of 59%. The best condition for synthesizing PT-SeNPs was confirmed has 7 days of incubation time, 2mM of PT concentration and pH 6. The PT-SeNPs with particle size of 26.30 nm at wavelength of 300 nm show antifungal activity against Aspergillus nidulans (24.25 ± 0.45 mm) at 3.0ml. Hence, the present of toxigenic fungi in agricultural residue feed for caprine requires proper safety measures and the potential of PT-SeNPs as an antifungal scavenger for Aspergillus contamination.
Structural and mechanistic study of a novel inhibitor of M. tuberculosis cytochrome bc1:aa3
Authors: Lamers Meindert , Verma Amit , Kim Robbert , Lamprecht Dirk , Pérez Clara Aguilar , Wong Sarah , Veziris Nicolas , Aubry Alexandra , Bartolomé-Nebreda José Manuel , Carbajo Rodrigo , Wetzel Jennefer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) continues to challenge treatment options, necessitating the exploration of new compounds of novel targets. The mycobacterial respiratory complex cytochrome bc1:aa3 has emerged as a promising target, exemplified by the success of first-in-class inhibitor Q203 in phase 2 clinical trial. However, to fully exploit the potential of this target and to identify the best-in-class inhibitor more compounds need evaluation. Here, we introduce JNJ-2901, a novel inhibitor of the M. tuberculosis cytochrome bc1:aa3, demonstrating activity against multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis clinical strains at sub-nanomolar concentration and 4-log reduction in bacterial burden in mouse model of TB infection. Inhibitory studies on purified enzyme validate the nanomolar inhibitions observed in mycobacterial cells. Additionally, cryo-EM structure analysis of cytochrome bc1:aa3 bound to JNJ-2901 reveals the binding pocket at the menaquinol oxidation site (Qp), akin to other substate analogue inhibitors like Q203 and TB47. Validation of binding site is further achieved by generating and isolating the JNJ-2901 resistant mutations in M. tuberculosis, followed by purification and resistance analysis of the resistant cytochrome bc1:aa3 complex. Our comprehensive work lay the foundation for further clinical validations of JNJ-2901.
The Cenozoic Evolution of Earth’s Strongest Geoid Low: Insights into Mantle Dynamics below Antarctica
Authors: Glišović Petar , Forte Alessandro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Constraining the long-term evolution of geoid anomalies is essential for unraveling Earth's internal dynamics. While most studies focus on present-day geoid snapshots, we reconstruct the time-dependent evolution of Earth’s strongest geoid depression, the Antarctic Geoid Low (AGL), over the Cenozoic. Unlike geodetic reference frames that place the deepest geoid low in the Indian Ocean, a geodynamic perspective (relative to a hydrostatic ellipsoid) reveals the strongest nonhydrostatic geoid depression actually resides over Antarctica. Using a back-and-forth nudging technique for time-reversed mantle convection modeling, we leverage 3-D mantle density structures derived from seismic tomography and geodynamic constraints. Our results show that the AGL has persisted for at least ~70 Myr, undergoing a major transition in amplitude and position between 50 and 30 Ma. This coincides with abrupt lateral shifts in Earth’s rotation axis at ~50 Ma, validated through paleomagnetic constraints on True Polar Wander. Initially, stable lower mantle contributions dominated the AGL, but over the past ~40 Myr, increasing upper-mantle buoyancy, particularly above ~1300 km depth, amplified the AGL magnitude. This shift stems from the interplay between long-term deep subduction beneath the Antarctic Peninsula and a buoyant, thermally driven upwelling of hot, low-density material from the lowermost mantle. These new results contrast with earlier interpretations, clarifying the crucial role of evolving mantle buoyancy in shaping global geoid anomalies. By incorporating seismic, geodynamic, and mineral-physics data, our reconstructions provide a more comprehensive understanding of mantle flow beneath Antarctica and offer new insights into the dynamic coupling between lower and upper mantle processes that govern Earth’s long-wavelength geoid evolution.
A Fiber Array Architecture for Atom Quantum Computing
Authors: Xu Peng , Li Xiao , Hou Jia-Yi , Wang Jia-Chao , Wang Guang-Wei , He Xiao-Dong , Zhou Feng , Wang Yibo , Liu Min , Wang Jin , Zhan Mingsheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Arrays of single atoms trapped in optical tweezers are increasingly recognized as a promising platform for scalable quantum computing. In both the fault-tolerant and NISQ eras, the ability to individually control qubits is essential for the efficient execution of quantum circuits. Time-division multiplexed control schemes based on atom shuttling or beam scanning have been employed to build programmable neutral atom quantum processors, but achieving high-rate, highly parallel gate operations remains a challenge. Here, we propose a fiber array architecture for atom quantum computing capable of fully independent control of individual atoms. The trapping and addressing lasers for each individual atom are emitted from the same optical waveguide, enabling robust control through common-mode suppression of beam pointing noise. Using a fiber array, we experimentally demonstrate the trapping and independent control of ten single atoms in two-dimensional optical tweezers, achieving individually addressed single-qubit gates with an average fidelity of 0.9966(3). Moreover, we perform simultaneous arbitrary single-qubit gates on four randomly selected qubits, resulting in an average fidelity of 0.9961(4). Our work paves the way for time-efficient execution of quantum algorithms on neutral atom quantum computers.
Enhancing Transparency and Trust in Brain Tumor Diagnosis: An In-Depth Analysis of Deep Learning and Explainable AI Techniques
Authors: Kumar Krishan , Jyoti Kiran 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Brain tumors pose significant health risks due to their high mortality rates and challenges in early diagnosis. Advances in medical imaging, particularly MRI, combined with artificial intelligence (AI), have revolutionized tumor detection, segmentation, and classification. Despite the high accuracy of models such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Vision Transformers (ViTs), their clinical adoption is hampered by a lack of interpretability. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of machine learning, deep learning, and explainable AI (XAI) techniques in brain tumor diagnosis, emphasizing their strengths, limitations, and potential to improve transparency and clinical trust. By reviewing 53 peer-reviewed articles published between 2017 and 2024, we assess the current state of research, identify gaps, and provide practical recommendations for clinicians, regulators, and AI developers. The findings reveal that while XAI techniques, such as Grad-CAM, SHAP, and LIME, significantly enhance model interpretability, challenges remain in terms of generalizability, computational complexity, and dataset quality. Future research should focus on addressing these limitations to fully realize the potential of AI in brain tumor diagnostics.
Seasonal Dynamics and Host Factors Influencing Eustrongylides spp. Infestation in Spotted Snakeheads, Channa punctata in Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Authors: Tanwi Jarin Tasnim , Dey Anita Rani , Raihan Johir , Mahamud A.G.M.Sofi Uddin , Hossain Siyam , Suchona Julfat Tasnim , Nibir Salman Shahriar , Keya Tabassum , Juthy Jubaida Parveen , Bushra Savayan Sadad , Paul Sandhya , Kubra Khadiza Tul , Faruk Md. Ali Reza , Rahman Tanvir 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Eustrongylides nematodes represent an emerging zoonotic threat, especially with the increasing global consumption of raw or undercooked fish. The present study aimed to investigate the seasonal variation of Eustrongylides spp. infestation in spotted snakehead, Channa punctata, from August 2020 to July 2021 and to assess the influence of the host. A total of 414 experimental C. punctata, captured from the ditches and beels connected with the Brahmaputra river, were collected for 12 months from three adjacent fish markets under Mymensingh Sadar sub-district, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Stage four larval (L4) Eustrongylides spp. were isolated from the abdominal cavity, musculature, and ovaries of 133 sampled fish, washed with 0.85% sterile physiological saline and examined under light microscope using lactophenol. Prevalence was recorded as 32.12%, with a notable mean intensity of 1.53 and an abundance of 0.49. The highest prevalence was found in autumn (45.83%). Larger fish (>18 cm) exhibited a higher prevalence (62.1%) compared to the smaller (<13 cm) (26.5%). Interestingly, females had a higher prevalence and mean intensity of infestation (35.7%, 1.69±0.10) compared to males (27.2%, 1.24±0.06). Results indicated that female and higher-weighted fish exhibit higher parasitic prevalence in C. punctata, likely due to biological and environmental factors and the immunity level of the host.
Agaricus blazei extract FA-2b-β inhibits microglial pyroptosis by regulating the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway mediated by Aβ 1-42 through the NLRP3 pathway
Authors: Xi Zujun , Yuan Jin , Fan Junshun , Sun Yanqing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neuroinflammatory plaques formed by amyloid-β (Aβ) are the main pathological features of AD. FA-2b-β, a selenium mushroom extract from Qinba, had strong anti-inflammatory activity and could protect against various inflammatory diseases by regulating multiple signaling pathways. However, whether FA-2b-β can modulate Aβ1−42-mediated neuroinflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway has not been systematically investigated. The present study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of action of FA-2b-β on Aβ1−42-mediated microglia inflammation. The results showed that FA-2b-β reduced Aβ1−42-mediated release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and the expression of key proteins of NF-κB signaling pathway TLR4 and p-IκB-α, and NLRP3 Inflammasome associated with NLRP3 and Caspase1. However, activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway activates NLRP3 inflammasome and leads to increased expression of pyroptosis key protein GSDMD. Further, knockout of NLRP3 and FA-2b-β intervention, respectively, in BV2 cells resulted in a corresponding reduction in the levels of inflammatory mediators, including NLRP3, Casp1, ASC, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Mechanistically, FA-2b-β inhibited activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and downregulated the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) protein expression to suppress pyroptosis of BV2 cells. These findings suggested that FA-2b-β might represent a potential therapeutic agent for anti-neuroinflammation.
In Navigation from LSE to AI. Application of RNN to GA Based BGPS and RTK-B Positioning
Authors: II Ivan G. Petrovski 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We have developed instant positioning method BGPS™ and RTK-B using an application of genetic algorithms (GA), first mentioned in [1], and then detailed in [2],[3]. The integration of genetic algorithms for carrier ambiguity resolution and compact continuum transformation algorithms for computational complexity reduction allows for the attainment of more accurate and reliable positioning solutions with reduced initialization times and elevated integrity (see [4] and [5]) In this paper we research new level of AI (artificial intelligence) application for navigation by introducing an enhancement of the poisoning algorithms with recurrent neural networks (RNN) to improve GA convergence and paving a way for AI application for navigation in the future.
A Hybrid ODE-Neural Network Framework for Modeling and Guiding GLP-1-Mediated Glucose Dynamics
Authors: Wang Zijia , Sumbal Sarwar , Toumazou Christofer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Accurate modeling of glucose dynamics in response to Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is essential for understanding metabolic regulation and optimizing therapeutic interventions for diabetes and obesity. Traditional mechanistic models often oversimplify the relationship between GLP-1 and glucose by neglecting complex intermediary variables such as insulin, glucagon, and free fatty acids. To address this limitation, we propose a hybrid modeling framework that integrates ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with neural networks (NNs), thereby combining mechanistic insights with data-driven flexibility. Our model explicitly incorporates multiple intermediary metabolic variables, enhancing physiological realism and predictive accuracy. Furthermore, the framework facilitates personalized GLP-1 injection guidance by accurately estimating required dosages based on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) inputs, thereby preventing over-injection and improving therapeutic efficacy. We validate the framework using synthetic data generated by the 4GI model and real-world clinical data from the MIMIC-III database. The hybrid ODE-NN model demonstrates superior predictive performance, robustness to noisy and sparse data, and effective uncertainty quantification compared to purely mechanistic and purely data-driven baselines. Additionally, Bayesian parameter inference facilitates robust uncertainty estimation, crucial for clinical decision-making. Sensitivity analysis reveals key parameters influencing glucose dynamics, aligning with established endocrinological principles. This work underscores the potential of hybrid ODE-NN models in capturing the intricate dynamics of glucose regulation mediated by GLP-1, offering a powerful tool for metabolic research, personalized therapeutic strategies, and optimized GLP-1 injection protocols.
Land Cover Changes and Land Surface Temperature Dynamics in the Rohingya Refugee Area, Cox Bazar, Bangladesh: An Analysis from 2013 to 2024
Authors: Karmakar Sourav , Rahman Mizanur , Meng Lei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

This study investigates the interplay between land use/land cover (LULC) changes and land surface temperature (LST) dynamics in the context of the Rohingya refugee crisis in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, over the period 2013–2024. The study area comprises 34 refugee camps characterized by rapid anthropogenic transformation evaluated using Landsat 8 imagery. Key LULC categories, including Built-up, Mixed Forest, Waterbodies, and Barren Land, were analyzed using supervised classification based on SVM methods and multi-temporal indices like NDVI, NDWI, and NDBI. The Mono-Window Algorithm was employed to derive LST. Our results suggest an upward trend in LST, particularly in densely urbanized zones. Results also indicate a 97% decline in forest cover and a 161.78% increase in built-up areas between 2013 and 2018, corresponding to a substantial rise in LST. Statistical analyses confirm strong correlations between LST and LULC indices, with vegetation and water bodies acting as natural cooling agents, while urbanized areas amplify thermal stress. The study highlights the significant environmental impact of refugee settlements, emphasizing the conversion of forested areas to urban spaces and the resulting increase in LST. The findings underscore the urgent need for sustainable land use strategies, reforestation, and urban planning to mitigate LST increases and environmental degradation. This study highlights the necessity of coordinated international efforts for refugee repatriation to reduce environmental strain. These insights contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the environmental impact of large-scale human displacement, providing a basis for policy development and climate resilience planning in vulnerable regions.