bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repellent function of male pheromones in the red&hyphen;spotted newt
Authors: Park Daesik , Propper Catherine R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPheromones act as attractants and sexual stimulants in most vertebrates. For example, in red&hyphen;spotted newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, female pheromones attract males, and male pheromones increase female receptivity. However, no studies have determined whether male vertebrates produce a pheromone that repels competing males. Through a series of olfactory mate selection tests, we found that sexually motivated male red&hyphen;spotted newts produce a pheromone that functions to repel other approaching males. Our finding is the first report of a repelling function for pheromones in male vertebrates. The pheromones may act to increase both the sender&rsquo;s and receiver&rsquo;s mating success when the operational sex ratio &lpar;OSR&rpar; is male biased. J. Exp. Zool. 289:404&ndash;408, 2001. &copy; 2001 Wiley&hyphen;Liss, Inc.
Phosphorylation of chloride‐ATPase reconstituted from Aplysia gut
Authors: Gerencser George A. , Zhang Jianliang 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe present study was primarily done to compare cation‐ATPase phosphorylation kinetics with an anion‐ATPase’s phosphorylation kinetics because of the paucity of information in this area. Utilizing a proteolipsomal preparation containing Cl–‐ATPase from Aplysia gut, it was demonstrated that phosphorylation of this P‐type ATPase was absolutely dependent upon Mg2+. In organic phosphate concentrations directly (Pi) enhanced phosphoprotein formation in the presence of increasing concentrations of Mg2+. It was also shown that the calculated rate constant for E1‐P formation was 26/sec. This approximated E1‐P rate constant values for other electrogenic, uniport P‐type ATPases, and therefore it was concluded from the results that the anion‐ATPase phosphorylation kinetics did not greatly differ from cation‐ATPase phosphorylation kinetics. J. Exp. Zool. 289:472–475, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alvin W. Gouldner and industrial sociology at Columbia University
Authors: Chriss James J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAlvin W. Gouldner (1920–1980) was a prolific sociologist of the post‐World War II era who spent the early part of his career (the 1950s) in the field of industrial sociology. A case study of Gouldner's early life and career is useful insofar as it intertwines with the development of industrial sociology as a distinct subfield within sociology. Through this analysis we are also better able to understand how and in what ways a burgeoning organizational studies program developed at Columbia University during the 1940s. This analysis of the historical and cultural contexts within which Gouldner came to prominence as an industrial sociologist at Columbia, and the intellectual program that resulted, can also help shed light on more recent trends in organizational studies. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
State banks and economic development in China
Authors: Laurenceson James , Chai J. C. H. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractState‐owned banks remain dominant in China's financial sector despite over two decades of gradual financial liberalization. Their performance is typically evaluated using commercial banking criteria. The standard view is that because state banks have experienced declining profitability and capital adequacy, they have been a drain on past economic development and endanger future growth prospects. However, we argue that state banks have strong development bank characteristics and hence warrant different performance criteria. The analysis in this paper suggests that while thier commercial performance may have been poor, the overall impact of state banks on China's economic development appears to have been both positive and sustainable. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The female genital system of Ooperipatellus decoratus (Onychophora, Peripatopsidae): An ultrastructural study
Authors: Brockmann Claudia , Mummert Renate , Ruhberg Hilke , Storch Volker 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe female genital system of the oviparous peripatopsid Ooperipatellus decoratus consists of an ovary, oviducts equipped with receptacula seminis and additional pouches, uteri, and a vagina. It is examined using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The ovary is made up of paired ovarian tubes united anteriorly and posteriorly and differentiated into a sterile dorsal part and a fertile ventral part with exogenous oocytes. Fertilization presumably occurs in the oviducts once the oocytes pass the receptaculum seminis. Although the receptacula seminis have been reported to occur in juvenile O. decoratus females only, the present study reveals that they are present in adult females as well. Their wall consists of a cuboidal epithelium covered with a thin collagen‐muscle layer. The additional pouches are projections of the oviducts facing the receptacula seminis. They are distally closed to the haemocoel by a flattened epithelium and lack external muscle cells. A thin collagen layer is only found proximally. The uteri are characterized by a columnar epithelium with folded cell membranes allowing extension of the uteri, thus facilitating the passage of the large uterine eggs towards the vagina. Another dominating feature of the uteri is a distally increasing secretory production, which probably contributes to chorion development. Cilia occurring along the entire length of the uteri are considered to assist in the transport of eggs towards the vagina. J. Morphol. 249:77–88, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the osteology and myology of catfish pectoral girdle, with a reflection on catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes) plesiomorphies
Authors: Diogo Rui , Oliveira Claudia , Chardon Michel 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe configuration of the pectoral girdle bones and muscles of numerous catfishes was studied in detail and compared with that of other siluriforms, as well as of other teleosts, described in the literature. The pectoral girdle of catfishes is composed of only three bones, which probably correspond to the posttemporo‐supracleithrum (posttemporal + supracleithrum), scapulo‐coracoid (scapula + coracoid), and cleithrum of other teleosts. These latter two bones constitute the place of origin of the pectoral girdle muscles. Two of these muscles are related to the movements of the pectoral fin. These two muscles correspond, very likely, to the abductor superficialis and to the adductor superficialis of other teleostean fishes. In relation to the pectoral spine (thickened first pectoral fin ray), it is usually moved by three well‐developed muscles, which are probably homologous with the arrector ventralis, arrector dorsalis, and abductor profundus of nonsiluriform teleosts. The morphological diversity and the plesiomorphic configuration of these muscles, as well as of the other catfish pectoral girdle structures, are discussed. J. Morphol. 249:100–125, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of tail‐like substituents on the binding of competitive inhibitors to the QB site of photosystem II
Authors: Reifler Michael J. , Szalai Veronika A. , Peterson Celeste N. , Brudvig Gary W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe QB quinone‐binding site of photosystem II is an important target for herbicides. Two major classes of herbicides are based on s‐triazine and phenylurea moieties. A small library of triazine and phenylurea compounds has been synthesized which have tail‐like substituents in order to test the effects of charge, hydrophobicity and size of the tail on binding properties. It is found that a tail can be attached to one of the alkylamino groups of triazine‐type herbicides or to the para position of phenylurea‐type herbicides without loss of binding, provided that the tail is hydrophobic. This indicates that the herbicides must be oriented in the QB site such that these positions point toward the natural isoprenyl tail‐binding pocket that extends out of the QB site. In turn, the requirement that the tail must extend out of the QB site constrains the size of the other herbicide substituents in the pocket. This is in agreement with the presumed orientation and fit of ligands in the QB site. When longer hydrophobic tails are used, the binding penalty that occurs upon adding a charged substituent at the distal end is reduced. This allows the use of a series of tail substituents possessing a distal charge as an approximate molecular ruler to measure the distance from the QB site to the aqueous phase. Even a 10‐carbon alkyl chain still shows a 4‐fold effect from the presence or absence of a distal charge. Such a chain does not appear to be long enough to extend from the bulk aqueous phase to the QB site because binding is completely lost when a large hydrophilic domain (PEG4000) is attached to the distal end. Longer tails are effective only if they are sufficiently hydrophobic. An effort was made to use tailed herbicides for affinity binding of photosystem II. It was found that hydrophobic linkers promote nonspecific binding, but careful choice of solvent conditions, such as the use of excess nonionic detergent well above its critical micelle concentration, might obviate this problem during affinity‐binding applications. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abbreviations used:

BOC

t‐butoxycarbonyl

bRC

bacterial photosynthetic reaction center

DCC

N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide

DCMU

3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea

NHS

N‐hydroxysuccinimide

PEG

polyethylene glycol

PSII

photosystem II

QA

tightly bound quinone electron acceptor in PSII

QB

exchangeable quinone electron acceptor in PSII

THF

tetrahydrofuran

TLC

thin‐layer chromatography.
Defective human T‐cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) genomes: No evidence in serologically indeterminate german blood donors but new type detected in established cell lines
Authors: Morozov V.A. , Ellerbrok H. , Fleischer C. , Brackmann H.H. , Pauli G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIndividuals reactive in antibody screening tests (ELISA) and with one or more reactions to HTLV‐1 proteins on Western blotting, but lacking the criteria of a confirmed HTLV infection, are not exceptional in regions with a low prevalence of HTLV‐1/‐2 infections. PCR analysis of these indeterminate samples, using “diagnostic” pol and tax sets of primers, give negative results. However, expression of HTLV‐1 defective proviruses with internal deletions undetectable by PCR with diagnostic primers could have taken place. Seven German HTLV‐1 ELISA‐reactive blood donors, who showed reactivity also in Western blots against several viral proteins, and twenty haemophiliacs, were examined by nested PCR and/or PCR/Southern hybridisation with primers designed for detection of HTLV‐1 defective proviruses. No HTLV‐1‐specific amplification products were obtained. However, HTLV‐1 defective proviruses with large internal deletions were detected in four out of five cell lines established from symptomatic HTLV‐1 cases and two in HUT‐102 cells. In two amplicons, short inverted rRNA sequences between gag and env fragments of HTLV‐1 defective proviruses were revealed. These results do not exclude the presence of defective HTLV‐1 proviruses in individuals with indeterminate serology although this is unlikely. J. Med. Virol. 66:102–106, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recipient and observer reactions to discipline: are managers experiencing wishful thinking?
Authors: Atwater Leanne E. , Waldman David A. , Carey James A. , Cartier Priscilla 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA qualitative study of recipients' and observers' reactions to discipline events was conducted. Data from 123 recipient interviews and 46 observer interviews were content analyszed and categorized. Results showed that while both groups see positive results from discipline, recipients and observers may lose respect for the discipliner, and may develop negative attitudes toward the organization as a consequence of the discipline. They are also likely to perceive the discipline event as unfair, especially when discipline is applied for informal as opposed to formal rule violations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial representation of agroclimatology in a study of agricultural drought
Authors: Wilhelmi Olga V. , Hubbard Kenneth G. , Wilhite Donald A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAgricultural drought is the leading cause for crop failure throughout the world. In the USA, significant impacts of recent droughts on agricultural production indicate the continuing vulnerability of the country to drought. This paper presents a methodology for spatial representation of the agroclimatic component of agricultural drought vulnerability. This methodology was developed as a part of an integrated assessment of drought vulnerability. For the spatial analysis, the state of Nebraska was selected as a study area because of the considerable variation in climatology, soil characteristics, land use, and cropping patterns. The underlying approach assumes that the best spatial characterization of the state's agroclimatology from the agricultural drought vulnerability perspective is the probability of seasonal crop moisture deficiency. Seasonal crop water‐use thresholds for well‐watered crops (e.g. corn, soybean, and sorghum) were estimated using the evapotranspiration (ET) mathematical model. For wheat and grass, ET values were estimated based on the relationship between ET, water‐use efficiency, and crop yield. Historical grain yield data were analysed to define an economically viable threshold for wheat. Seasonal ET thresholds determined for the crops were used to calculate area‐weighted mean ET for the combination of crops in every county. The threshold values and long‐term precipitation data were used for calculating statistical probabilities of seasonal crop moisture deficiency. Probability values were analysed at 112 weather stations across Nebraska, spatially interpolated and classified using geographic information systems. The spatial pattern of probabilities of seasonal crop moisture deficiency reflected both seasonal precipitation across Nebraska and the distribution of crops and grasses. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.
Multisite stochastic weather models for impact studies
Authors: Qian Budong , Corte‐Real João , Xu Hong 
Published: September 2002

AbstractStochastic weather models have been developed for simultaneous simulations of daily precipitation, and daily maximum and minimum temperatures at multiple sites in a river basin in order to reproduce the interstation correlations and self‐consistency in weather series. The basic structure of the stochastic weather models was adopted from Wilks (1999. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 96: 85–101), but an extension was made to condition the model parameters on daily circulation patterns. Model parameters were also estimated without conditioning on daily circulation patterns, so that both conditional and unconditional simulations were conducted and compared. Statistical analyses on the synthetic weather data imply a better performance of the conditional simulations, on most aspects of the required statistics. In addition, the conditional weather models on daily circulation patterns can be applied directly in impact studies, for the purpose of downscaling climate scenarios from climate model simulations, and some related aspects are also discussed. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.
Raman investigations of indium iodide complexes: the species present in aqueous and diethyl ether solutions
Authors: Taylor M. J. , Kloo L. A. , Seakins J. M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRaman spectra of aqueous indium (III) iodide solutions, with and without added HI, reveal an equilibrium between two species: the complex anion InI4− (ν1 = 139 cm−1) and the solvated molecule InI3(H2O)x (νsym = 158 cm−1). The complex acid HInI4 is transferred from the aqueous acidic solution by solvent extraction; spectra of this species and the ether adduct InI3·Et2O (νsym = 151 cm−1) are reported. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational spectra of silver saccharinate
Authors: Baran Enrique J. , Wagner Claudia C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe infrared and Raman spectra of silver saccharinate Ag(C7H4NO3S), were recorded and are briefly discussed on the basis of its structural characteristics and by comparison with the spectra of some related species. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of variety and stage of fruit ripeness on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of deep‐fat‐fried banana chips
Authors: Ammawath Wanna , Che Man Yaakob B , Yusof Salmah , Rahman Russly A 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe quality of banana chips prepared from two different varieties of banana, Pisang Abu and Pisang Nangka, at the ‘green’ and ‘trace of yellow’ stages of ripeness was studied. The fruits were peeled, sliced to a thickness of 2 mm and deep‐fat fried in refined, bleached and deodorised (RBD) palm olein at 180 ± 5 °C for 3 min. The quality parameters determined for fresh bananas were total soluble solids, pH, acidity, carbohydrate, sugar content, fat, protein, moisture content, ash, fibre, colour and fruit firmness. The results showed that Abu had a higher carbohydrate content than Nangka at both stages of ripeness before frying. No sucrose was detected in Nangka. The quality parameters determined after deep‐fat frying were moisture content, water activity, oil absorption, crispness and sensory evaluation. The moisture content and water activity of Abu chips were lower than those of Nangka chips. The texture of chips prepared from Abu at stage ‘green’ showed more crispness than the other three samples. Sensory evaluation showed that chips prepared from Abu at both stages of ripeness presented better colour, flavour, odour, texture and overall acceptability than those prepared from Nangka. Based on the matrix of correlation coefficients, fresh bananas with higher fruit firmness and carbohydrate content gave banana chips with higher crispness and oil absorption.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Post mortem muscle protein degradation during ice‐storage of Arctic (Pandalus borealis) and tropical (Penaeus japonicus and Penaeus monodon) shrimps: a comparative electrophoretic and immunological study
Authors: Martinez Iciar , Jakobsen Friis Tone , Careche Mercedes 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWater‐, low‐salt‐ and high‐salt‐soluble protein fractions from the abdominal muscles of Pandalus borealis, Penaeus japonicus and Penaeus monodon extracted immediately after death and after 5, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h (P borealis) or 16, 22, 43, 71 and 92 h (Penaeus spp) of ice‐storage were analysed by one‐ and two‐dimensional electrophoresis and immunological techniques. The most evident effect in P borealis was the decrease in the relative amount of myosin heavy chain (MHC) and a concomitant increase in the number and intensity of bands of molecular size about 100 kDa cross‐reacting with anti‐MHC antiserum. MHC degradation of P borealis was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) of partially isolated native myosin. Other prominent features were the disappearance of bands of about 67 and 50 kDa after 24 h and the appearance of a band of slightly less than 50 kDa after 5 h of ice‐storage. These last bands showed the potential to be used as freshness markers. One spot tentatively identified as desmin did not suffer significant changes in any of the three species. Two bands (about 100 and 96 kDa) gave a positive reaction with the α‐actinin antibody in the zero‐time extract of P borealis, but after 24 h only one faint 96 kDa band was detected. In contrast, the extracts of P japonicus and P monodon did not suffer significant alterations during the examined period, and even after 92 h of ice‐storage only the 100 kDa anti‐α‐actinin cross‐reacting band was clearly visible in the high‐salt extract of P japonicus.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Structure–reactivity correlations in the aminolysis of aryl chloroformates
Authors: Castro Enrique A. , Ruiz María G. , Santos José G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe reactions of a series of secondary alicyclic amines with 4‐methylphenyl and 4‐methoxyphenyl chloroformates are subjected to a kinetic investigation in water, at 25.0°C, ionic strength 0.2 M (KCl). Under amine excess, pseudo‐first‐order rate coefficients (kobs) are found for all reactions. Plots of kobs vs [NH] (NH is the free amine) are linear, with the slope (kN) pH independent, except the reactions of 1‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)piperazine with both substrates at pH 6.2–7.3. The Brönsted‐type plots for the kN values for the aminolysis of both chloroformates are linear, with slopes ca. 0.3, which is consistent with rate‐determining formation of a zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate (T±). With the pKa and log kN data for the present reactions, together with those for the same aminolysis of phenyl and 4‐nitrophenyl chloroformates, two dual parametric equations are found for log kN as a function of pKa of the nucleophile, Hammett sigma of the “nonleaving” group, and pKa of the “nonleaving” group, with coefficients βN = 0.3, ρnlg = 0.7, and βnlg = −0.2, respectively. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 281–287, 2001
The kinetics of solid‐state reactions toward consensus—Part I: Uncertainties, failures, and successes of conventional methods
Authors: Ortega A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAn account of conventional dynamic thermal analysis (TA) with respect to uncertainties, failures, successes, and limitations as applied to solid‐state (s‐s) processes is discussed. A review of some controversial aspects of TA is presented. The scope is to discuss in three parts the adequate understanding of TA and to open a controversy about the dynamic methods and about the necessity of stimulating a consensus between scientists for a better TA. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 343–353, 2001
Soil rehabilitation through afforestation: evaluation of the performance of Eucalyptus and pine plantations in a Nigerian Savanna environment
Authors: Jaiyeoba I. A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractOn the outskirts of Zaria, northern Nigeria, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Pinus oocarpa plantations have been established to satisfy both land rehabilitation and agroindustrial objectives. Soils of the plantations and adjacent unafforested degraded sites where major influences from soil type and management were minimal were sampled to provide data for a parallel investigation of the effect of afforestation on soil rehabilitation. Three adjacent age–grade plantations in respect of each tree species were involved. These are 6, 13 and 27 years for eucalyptus, and 7, 15 and 25 years for pines. Results obtained showed that the rate of soil regeneration in the context of present silvicultural practices is extremely slow. Of the soil parameter studies, only organic matter shows significant improvement within the examined time frame. The soil texture, bulk density, infiltration rate, nutrient elements and pH showed only slight improvement. There was little evidence to suggest that either of the tree species had a more beneficial effect on the soil than the other. The significance of the results is discussed in terms of land‐use decision and policies in Nigeria towards a sustainable afforestation programme. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.