bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus: Unravelling the Intricate Connection: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Rais Nadeem , Ved Akash , Ahmad Rizwan , Parveen Aashna 
Published: January 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is often associated with oxidative stress (OS), which is defined as an imbalance between the body's antioxidant defense systems and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). OS serves as a crucial factor in the intricate relationship between DM and cellular dysfunction, influencing the generation of ROS and subsequent DM complications such as retinopathy, cardiomyopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, encephalopathy, and peripheral arteriopathy.
Objective: This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the complex interplay between OS and DM, providing a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms and highlighting emerging therapeutic interventions for the management of OS-related complications in DM. It also explores novel antioxidant-based therapies aiming at specific OS markers and developing personalized interventions, which represents a promising avenue for enhancing treatment efficacy in DM.
Method: The search was conducted on scientific databases and web portals such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, EBSCO, DOAJ, etc.
Conclusion: In conclusion, OS and DM are related through a dynamic and intricate interaction involving genetic, molecular, and environmental variables. Interdisciplinary approaches hold the potential to uncover novel biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and oriented therapeutic interventions, thereby revolutionizing the clinical management of DM-related complications. With research continuing to advance and customized treatments being more widely incorporated into clinical practice, there is hope that the impact of OS-related DM complications will be significantly mitigated in the future. Despite notable progress, certain unexplored facets necessitate deeper investigations into the precise mechanisms through which OS exacerbates the progression of DM.
Fluorine Interactions at the Thrombin Active Site: Protein Backbone Fragments HCαCO Comprise a Favorable CF Environment and Interactions of CF with Electrophiles
Authors: Olsen Jacob A. , Banner David W. , Seiler Paul , Wagner Björn , Tschopp Thomas , Obst‐Sander Ulrike , Kansy Manfred , Müller Klaus , Diederich François 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn a systematic fluorine scan of a rigid inhibitor to map the fluorophilicity/fluorophobicity of the active site in thrombin, one or more F substituents were introduced into the benzyl ring reaching into the D pocket. The 4‐fluorobenzyl inhibitor showed a five to tenfold higher affinity than ligands with other fluorination patterns. X‐ray crystal‐structure analysis of the protein–ligand complex revealed favorable CF⋅⋅⋅HCαCO and CF⋅⋅⋅CO interactions of the 4‐F substituent of the inhibitor with the backbone HCαCO unit of Asn98. The importance of these interactions was further corroborated by the analysis of small‐molecule X‐ray crystal‐structure searches in the Protein Data Base (PDB) and the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). In the CF⋅⋅⋅CO interactions that are observed for both aromatic and aliphatic CF units and a variety of carbonyl and carboxyl derivatives, the F atom approaches the CO C atom preferentially along the pseudotrigonal axis of the carbonyl system. Similar orientational preferences are also seen in the dipolar interactions CF⋅⋅⋅CN, CF⋅⋅⋅CF, and CF⋅⋅⋅NO2, in which the F atoms interact at sub‐van der Waals distances with the electrophilic centers.
MR microscopy and microspectroscopy of the intact kidney
Authors: Crozier Stuart , Cowin Gary , Endre Zoltan H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMagnetic resonance (MR) techniques have become essential in clinical practice and a broad range of research areas. We begin with a review of the potential and limitations for resolution improvements by MR techniques. The kidney has distinct regional structural, functional and biochemical variability. The isolated perfused rat kidney (IPRK) retains renal function while eliminating movement and susceptibility boundaries which severely limit the potential of MR techniques. The IPRK, with a length of less than 20 mm in the longest axis, will be used to illustrate the potential resolution of different MR techniques and the different biological information that can be obtained. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 22A: 50–59, 2004.
Setting up 13C CP/MAS experiments
Authors: Taylor R.E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe 13C cross‐polarization (CP) technique combined with magic angle spinning (MAS) has become one of the more commonly performed solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. The basics of initially setting up the experiment are given and used to illustrate such NMR phenomena as rotational echoes, homogeneous and inhomogeneous interactions, continuous wave 1H decoupling, and coupling of quadrupolar 14N nuclei to 13C nuclei. The polarization transfer from the protons to the carbons is described briefly with the usual thermodynamic and quantum mechanical models. The setup and use of the experiment for routine analyses are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 22A: 37–49, 2004.
The Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic 2‐D Material (CsNa2[{Sn(CH3)2}3(H2O)4(β‐XW9O33)]·7H2O)∞ (X = AsIII, SbIII) and Its Solution Properties
Authors: Hussain Firasat , Reicke Markus , Kortz Ulrich 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe report on the hybrid organic‐inorganic 2‐D materials (CsNa2[{Sn(CH3)2}3(H2O)4(β‐AsW9O33)]·7H2O)∞ (1a) and the isomorphous (CsNa2[{Sn(CH3)2}3(H2O)4(β‐SbW9O33)]·7H2O)∞ (2a) which crystallize in the orthorhombic system, space group Pna21, with identical unit cell parameters a = 26.118(2) Å, b = 16.064(1) Å, c = 13.776(1) Å, and Z = 1. Compounds 1a and 2a have been synthesized in good yield by crystallization from a reaction mixture of dimethyltin dichloride and Na9[α‐XW9O33] (X = AsIII, SbIII) in aqueous, acidic medium. We have shown by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (183W, 119Sn, 13C, 1H) that 1a and 2a decompose in solution leading to the monomeric species [{Sn(CH3)2(H2O)2}3(β‐XW9O33)]3− [X = AsIII (1), SbIII (2)]. Polyanions 1 and 2 consist of a (β‐XW9O33) fragment stabilized by three dimethyltin units. The dimethyltin groups are grafted onto the polyanion by two Sn−O(W) bonds on the side of the heteroatom lone pair. Compounds 1 and 2 are rare examples of discrete polyoxoanions which polymerize upon crystallization leading to a 2‐D solid‐state structure with inorganic and organic surface regions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Infertility due to intrauterine residual fetal bone fragments
Authors: Çepni İsmail , Kumbak Banu , Öcal Pelin , İdil Mehmet , Aksu Feridun 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA case of intrauterine retention of fetal bone diagnosed 8 years after termination of a pregnancy is presented. The patient had a history of hypermenorrhea infertility, and persistent vaginal discharge beginning after the abortion. Transvaginal sonography demonstrated an intrauterine foreign body. Curettage was performed, and fetal bone fragments were found within the removed materials. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 32:253–255, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.20028
Late‐onset ureteric urinoma with intermittent jet flow as a complication of ureterolithotomy
Authors: Unal Birsen , Basar Halil , Karadeniz Bilgili Miyace Y. , Basar Murat , Batislam Ertan , Erdal Haydar Hüseyin , Kara Simay 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe present the case of a late‐onset urinoma in a 47‐year‐old man with a history of right ureterolithotomy performed 6 months previously, following 2 unsuccessful attempts at extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. The ipsilateral kidney was nonfunctional and hydronephrotic. The urinoma did not show enhancement on contrast‐enhanced CT and intravenous pyelography. Sonography revealed turbulence in the urinoma and jet flow from the ureter. Lab studies of fluid obtained by percutaneous puncture and aspiration yielded misleading findings for urine and revealed the presence of hemosiderin‐laden macrophages. The urinoma was surgically resected and ureteroneocystostomy was performed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 32:264–266, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.20029
Mechanical characterization of new glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Ratna D. , Chongdar T. K. , Chakraborty B. C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractGlass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites were made using CTPEGA [carboxyl terminated poly(ethylene glycol) adipate] modified epoxy as a matrix and characterized for their flexural properties, impact strength and interlaminar shear stress (ILSS). The volume fraction of glass was about 0.45 for all the composites. The concentration of CTPEGA in the matrix was varied gradually from 0 to 40 phr (parts per hundred parts of resin), to investigate the effect of CTPEGA concentration on the mechanical properties of the composites. It was found that the flexural strength and ILSS gradually decreases with increase in CTPEGA concentration. However, the impact strength of the composites increases up to 20 phr of CTPEGA concentration and decreases thereafter. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the fracture surface indicates massive plastic deformation in modified epoxy based composites. Polym. Compos. 25:165–171, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Saturation transfer difference (STD) 1H‐NMR experiments and in silico docking experiments to probe the binding of N‐acetylneuraminic acid and derivatives to Vibrio cholerae sialidase
Authors: Haselhorst Thomas , Wilson Jennifer C. , Thomson Robin J. , McAtamney Sarah , Menting John G. , Coppel Ross L. , von Itzstein Mark 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSaturation transfer difference (STD) 1H NMR experiments were used to probe the epitope binding characteristics of the sialidase [EC 3.2.1.18] from the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera. Binding preferences were investigated for N‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, 1), the product of the sialidase catalytic reaction, for the known sialidase inhibitor 5‐acetamido‐2,6‐anhydro‐3,5‐dideoxy‐D‐glycero‐D‐galacto‐non‐2‐enoic acid (Neu5Ac2en, 2), and for the uronic acid‐based Neu5Ac2en mimetic iso‐propyl 2‐acetamido‐2,4‐dideoxy‐α‐L‐threo‐hex‐4‐enopyranosiduronic acid (3), in which the native glycerol side‐chain of Neu5Ac2en is replaced with an O‐iso‐propyl ether. The STD experiments provided evidence, supporting previous studies, that Neu5Ac (1) binds to the sialidase as the α‐anomer. Docking experiments using DOCK (version 4.0.1) revealed further information regarding the binding characteristics of the enzyme active site in complex with Neu5Ac2en (2) and the Neu5Ac2en mimetic (3), indicating an expected dominant interaction of the acetamide moiety with the protein. Proteins 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinguishing sources of N2O in European grasslands by stable isotope analysis
Authors: Wrage Nicole , Lauf Jutta , del Prado Agustin , Pinto Miriam , Pietrzak Stefan , Yamulki Sirwan , Oenema Oene , Gebauer Gerhard 
Published: April 2004

AbstractNitrifiers and denitrifiers are the main producers of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Knowledge of the respective contributions of each of these microbial groups to N2O production is a prerequisite for the development of effective mitigation strategies for N2O. Often, the differentiation is made by the use of inhibitors. Measurements of the natural abundance of the stable isotopes of N and O in N2O have been suggested as an alternative for the often unreliable inhibition studies. Here, we tested the natural abundance incubation method developed by Tilsner et al.1 with soils from four European grasslands differing in long‐term management practices. Emission rates of N2O and stable isotope natural abundance of N2O and mineral N were measured in four different soil incubations: a control with 60% water‐filled pore space (WFPS), a treatment with 60% WFPS and added ammonium (NH4+) to support nitrifiers, a control with 80% WFPS and a treatment with 80% WFPS and added nitrate (NO3−) to support denitrifiers. Decreases in NH4+ concentrations, linked with relative 15N‐enrichment of residual NH4+ and production of 15N‐depleted NO3−, showed that nitrification was the main process for mineral N conversions. The N2O production, however, was generally dominated by reduction processes, as indicated by the up to 20 times larger N2O production under conditions favouring denitrification than under conditions favouring nitrification. Interestingly, the N2O concentration in the incubation atmospheres often levelled off or even decreased, accompanied by increases in δ15N and δ18O values of N2O. This points to uptake and further reduction of N2O to N2, even under conditions with small concentrations of N2O in the atmosphere. The measurements of the natural abundances of 15N and 18O proved to be a valuable integral part of the natural abundance incubation method. Without these measurements, nitrification would not have been identified as essential for mineral N conversions and N2O consumption could not have been detected. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved method for peak picking in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Kempka Martin , Sjödahl Johan , Björk Anders , Roeraade Johan 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA method for peak picking for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) is described. The method is based on the assumption that two sets of ions are formed during the ionization stage, which have Gaussian distributions but different velocity profiles. This gives rise to a certain degree of peak skewness. Our algorithm deconvolutes the peak and utilizes the fast velocity, bulk ion distribution for peak picking. Evaluation of the performance of the new method was conducted using peptide peaks from a bovine serum albumin (BSA) digest, and compared with the commercial peak‐picking algorithms Centroid and SNAP. When using the new two‐Gaussian algorithm, for strong signals the mass accuracy was equal to or marginally better than the results obtained from the commercial algorithms. However, for weak, distorted peaks, considerable improvement in both mass accuracy and precision was obtained. This improvement should be particularly useful in proteomics, where a lack of signal strength is often encountered when dealing with weakly expressed proteins. Finally, since the new peak‐picking method uses information from the entire signal, no adjustments of parameters related to peak height have to be made, which simplifies its practical use. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Family Consequences of Refugee Trauma
Authors: Weine Stevan , Muzurovic Nerina , Kulauzovic Yasmina , Besic Sanela , Lezic Alma , Mujagic Aida , Muzurovic Jasmina , Spahovic Dzemila , Feetham Suzanne , Ware Norma , Knafl Kathleen , Pavkovic Ivan 
Published: April 2004

Objective:  To construct a model on the consequences of political violence for refugee families based upon a qualitative investigation.Methods:  This study used a grounded‐theory approach to analyze qualitative evidence from the CAFES multi‐family support and education groups with Bosnian refugee families in Chicago. Textual coding and analysis was conducted using ATLAS/ti for Windows.Results:  A grounded‐theory model of Family Consequences of Refugee Trauma (FAMCORT) was constructed that describes Displaced Families of War across four realms of family life: (1) changes in family roles and obligations, (2) changes in family memories and communications, (3) changes in family relationships with other family members; and (4) changes in family connections with the ethnic community and nation state. In each realm, the model also specifies family strategies, called Families Rebuilding Lives, for managing those consequences.Conclusions:  Political violence leads to changes in multiple dimensions of family life and also to strategies for managing those changes. Qualitative family research is useful in better understanding refugee families and in helping them through family‐oriented mental health services.
Activation of Adenoviral Gene Expression by Protein IX Is Not Required for Efficient Virus Replication
Authors: Sargent Kathy L. , Meulenbroek Robert A. , Parks Robin J. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACT
The adenovirus (Ad) protein IX (pIX) is a minor component of the Ad capsid and is in part responsible for virion stability; virions lacking pIX are heat labile and lose their infectivity if the DNA content is greater than ∼35 kb. More recently, pIX has been identified as a transcriptional activator and, in transient-transfection assays, was shown to enhance expression from the E1A, E4, and major late Ad promoters by as much as 70-fold. In this study, we examined the role of pIX's ability to activate transcription during Ad replication. In transient-transfection assays, pIX had a minimal effect on expression from the E1A promoter, increasing expression by only 1.4-fold. We used helper-dependent Ad vectors, which had all Ad protein coding sequences deleted with the exception of E1A and which had capsids that either contained or lacked pIX, to show that pIX derived from decapsidation of the infecting virion does not influence expression of E1A. Similarly, expression of pIX from the Ad genome did not alter the expression levels of E1A. Viruses that had pIX deleted showed a threefold reduction in virus yield and expression of late genes compared to those of a similar virus which encoded pIX. This phenotype could not be rescued by growing the virus in cells which constitutively express pIX. Our results indicate that, although pIX can affect transcription from a variety of viral promoters, it does not appear to play a significant role in activation of Ad promoters during normal Ad replication.
Differential Cell Killing by Lymphomagenic Murine Leukemia Viruses Occurs Independently of p53 Activation and Mitochondrial Damage
Authors: Nanua Suparna , Yoshimura Fayth K. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACT
Upon inoculation into AKR mice, mink cell focus-forming murine leukemia virus (MCF MLV) accelerates thymic lymphoma formation. During the preleukemic phase of disease, we observed the induction of apoptosis in thymic lymphocytes. A similar induction of apoptosis was observed for cultured mink epithelial cells after MCF13 MLV infection. In this study, the relevance of viral pathogenicity to cell killing was determined by testing the susceptibility of various cell types from different species to lymphomagenic MLVs. We observed that the cytopathic effect of lymphomagenic MLVs was restricted to mink cells. Southern blot analysis of MLV-infected cells revealed an accumulation of the linear form of unintegrated viral DNA, particularly in mink cells after MCF13 MLV infection. Thus, a strong correlation was observed between viral superinfection, which results in the accumulation of high levels of unintegrated viral DNA, and cell killing. Immunoblot analysis for MCF13 MLV-infected mink epithelial cells did not show a significant change in total p53 levels or its phosphorylated form at Ser-15 compared with that in mock-treated cells. Moreover, a time course analysis for mink epithelial cells infected with MCF13 MLV did not reveal mitochondrial depolarization or a significant change in Bax levels. These results demonstrate that MCF13 MLV induces apoptosis preferentially in cells in which superinfection occurs, and the mechanism involved is independent of p53 activation and mitochondrial damage.
Susceptibility of Cell Populations to Transduction by Retroviral Vectors
Authors: Wotherspoon Simon , Dolnikov Alla , Symonds Geoff , Nordon Robert 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTRetroviral transduction efficiency is related to the multiplicity of infection and the physiological state of the target cells. It is generally not known what proportion of a cell population is susceptible to transduction. We used coinfection with two retroviral vectors containing the marker genes for green fluorescent protein and the truncated human nerve growth factor receptor. In the CD34+cell line TF-1 or human primary CD34+hematopoietic progenitor cells, it was found that cells transduced with one vector had a better than random chance of transduction by the other vector. A probability model was developed to estimate target cell susceptibility; susceptibility was calculated as the product of the proportions of transgene-positive cells divided by the proportion of double-positive cells. By using this relationship, it was found that susceptibility was related to the target cell type and culture conditions but not the retroviral titer or the retroviral packaging envelope protein used in this study. Cotransduction with two vectors is a relatively simple procedure that provides a means to assess the maximum transduction level possible in a given cell population.
Cellular Repressor Inhibits Human Cytomegalovirus Transcription from the UL127 Promoter
Authors: Lashmit Philip E. , Lundquist Christopher A. , Meier Jeffery L. , Stinski Mark F. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACT

The region of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome between the UL127 promoter and the major immediate-early (MIE) enhancer is referred to as the unique region. The role of this region during a viral infection is not known. In wild-type HCMV-infected permissive fibroblasts, there is no transcription from the UL127 promoter at any time during productive infection. Our investigators previously reported that the region upstream of the UL127 TATA box repressed expression from the UL127 promoter (C. A. Lundquist et al., J. Virol. 73:9039-9052, 1999). The region was reported to contain functional NF1 DNA binding sites (L. Hennighausen and B. Fleckenstein, EMBO J. 5:1367-1371, 1986). Sequence analysis of this region detected additional consensus binding sites for three transcriptional regulatory proteins, FoxA (HNF-3), suppressor of Hairy wing, and CAAT displacement protein. The
cis
-acting elements in the unique region prevented activation of the early UL127 promoter by the HCMV MIE proteins. In contrast, deletion of the region permitted very high activation of the UL127 promoter by the viral MIE proteins. Mutation of the NF1 sites had no effect on the basal activity of the promoter. To determine the role of the other sites in the context of the viral genome, recombinant viruses were generated in which each putative repressor site was mutated and the effect on the UL127 promoter was analyzed. Mutation of the putative Fox-like site resulted in a significant increase in expression from the viral early UL127 promoter. Insertion of wild-type Fox-like sites between the HCMV immediate-early (IE) US3 TATA box and the upstream NF-κB-responsive enhancer (R2) also significantly decreased gene expression, but mutated Fox-like sites did not. The wild-type Fox-like site inhibits activation of a viral IE enhancer-containing promoter. Cellular protein, which is present in uninfected or infected permissive cell nuclear extracts, binds to the wild-type Fox-like site but not to mutated sites. Reasons for repression of UL127 gene transcription during productive infection are discussed.