bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of administration of prostaglandin F2α on embryo recovery from the uterus on day 5 after ovulation in mares
Authors: Hinrichs Katrin , Riera Fernando L. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Ten mares were used to investigate the effect of adminstration of prostaglandin F2α on uterine tubal motility, as reflected by embryo recovery from the uterus 5 days after ovulation (day 0). Mares were assigned to 3 groups: group A, uterine flush for embryo recovery on day 7; group B, uterine flush for embryo recovery on day 5; and group C, uterine flush for embryo recovery on day 5, after treatment with prostaglandin F2α (10 mg, im) on day 3. Each mare was assigned to each group once. Embryo recovery rates for the 3 groups were: A, 6 of 10; B, 2 of 8; and C, 0 of 10. The embryo recovery rate for group C was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than that for group A. Embryo recovery rate for group B was not significantly different from group A or group C. Administration of prostaglandin on day 3 did not increase embryo recovery rate from the uterus on day 5. Additionally, the 25% embryo recovery rate (2 of 8) for group B mares suggested an earlier time for entry of the embryo into the uterus than has previously been reported.
Serum IgG antibody concentrations against environmental microbes in mares and foals during different seasons and effect of stabling practices
Authors: Ripatti Tarja , Koskela Pentti , Kotimaa Marjut , Koskinen Erkki , Mäenpää Pekka H. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Over periods of 22 and 14 months, IgG antibody concentrations in serum samples obtained monthly from 14 mares and 19 foals, respectively, were measured by use of elisa against antigens of the following environmental microbes: Aspergillus umbrosus, Penicillium brevicompactum, Rhodotorula glutinis, Absidia corymbifera, Aspergillus fumigatus, Humicola grisea, Micropolyspora faeni, and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. The mares and foals were on pasture from early June until early October, then were stabled during the winter season until the following June. In the mares, increased antibody concentrations against most microbes were observed typically in midwinter and late spring when the horses were stabled; antibody concentrations against R glutinis, however, peaked in August. Concentrations differed between the summer and winter seasons and, in most instances, between 2 consecutive years and correlated with amounts of rainfall during the previous harvest season. In the foals, circulating passively acquired antibodies disappeared within 3 to 4 months after birth. During the first year of life, substantially increased autogenous antibody concentrations were observed only against R glutinis. Antibody concentrations against the other microbes increased gradually toward the end of the indoor season. In a group of foals transferred indoors in autumn, 6 weeks later than the other foals, antibody concentrations were lower when measured in December. Results supported the view that, to minimize exposure to microbial spores during the winter season, horses should be kept outdoors as much as possible and attention should be focused on improving the ventilation in stables and the quality of feeds and beddings.
Determination of excretion of inulin, creatinine, sodium sulfanilate, and phenolsulfonphthalein to assess renal function in goats
Authors: Brown Scott A. , Groves Carlotta , Barsanti Jeanne A. , Finco Delmar R. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Excretion of creatinine, sodium sulfanilate (ss), and phenolsulfonphthalein (psp) was studied in healthy goats. In conscious goats, mean (± sem) inulin clearance was 2.26 ± 0.08 ml/min/kg of body weight. Endogenous creatinine clearance, 1.97 ± 0.09 ml/min/kg, underestimated inulin clearance (P < 0.01), probably because of the presence of noncreatinine chromogens in caprine plasma. The estimated renal clearance of psp was 6.88 ± 0.39 ml/min/kg, whereas the estimated renal clearance of ss was 3.71 ± 0.39 ml/min/kg. Both exceeded inulin clearance (P < 0.01), confirming renal tubular secretion of both compounds.
In 6 anesthetized goats, exogenous creatinine clearance and ss clearance exceeded inulin clearance (P < 0.05). Results of stop-flow experiments documented secretion of creatinine and ss by the proximal portion of the caprine nephron.
Plasma half-life of psp in uninephrectomized goats exceeded that in intact goats (20.2 ± 1.5 min vs 11.9 ± 0.7 min; P < 0.01). Similarly, plasma half-life of ss was greater in goats after uninephrectomy (58.2 ± 6.2 min vs 30.4 ± 1.2 min; P < 0.01).
Use of mucosal grafts and temporary tube implants for treatment of teat sinus mucosal injuries
Authors: Trent A. M. , Smith Donald F. , Cooley A. J. , Beck Kathy , Hoffer Richard E. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A mucosal lesion was created in the center of each test sinus of 6 mature, healthy, nonlactating Holstein cows by resecting a circumferential band of mucosa. Each lesion was then treated by implantation of strip grafts of autogenous oral mucosa, temporary silastic tube implant, or a combination of strip grafts and temporary silastic tube implant. All teats were evaluated for patency 6 weeks after treatment, and tube implants were removed through a second thelotomy incision. All teats were reevaluated for gross and radiographic patency 12 weeks after treatment, and teats were collected for histologic evaluation of lesions. All 4 teats treated with grafts only were obstructed at 6 and 12 weeks after treatment. Incomplete coverage of the lesion with mucosa was observed in all 4 teats. The major source of obstruction was proliferation of epithelium and keratin into the lumen. All 8 teats treated with temporary silastic tube implants alone were patent at 6 weeks after treatment, but were obstructed at 12 weeks after treatment. Foci of mucosa at the lesion site were detected in only 2 of the 8 teats. Obstruction resulted from proliferation of granulation tissue into the lumen. All 12 teats treated with grafts and a temporary tube implant were patent at 6 weeks after treatment and 11 of 12 were patent at 12 weeks after treatment, although marked luminal narrowing was evident in 9 of 11 teats. Partial to complete coverage of the lesion with mucosa was seen in all teats. Proliferative granulation tissue, epithelium, and keratin contributed to luminal narrowing in 10 of 11 patent teats. Bacteriologic culture of quarters from 6 of the 11 teats patent at the final evaluation yielded pathogens.
Gamma scintigraphic analysis of the distribution of perfusion of blood in the equine foot during black walnut (Juglans nigra)-induced laminitis
Authors: Galey F. D. , Twardock A. R. , Goetz T. E. , Schaeffer D. J. , Hall J. O. , Beasley V. R. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Twelve horses, with acute laminitis (primarily in the forefeet) at 12 hours after intragastric dosing with an aqueous extract of black walnut (Juglans nigra) heartwood, were studied. The distribution of perfusion of blood to the foot and to outlined regions within the foot was quantified, using γ scintigraphy of regionally infused 99mTc-labeled macroaggregated albumin, before and 12 hours after extract administration. Horses 1 to 3 were not studied further. Perfusion was quantified again for horses 4 to 12 at 84 hours after extract administration. At the onset of acute laminitis, horses 7 to 12 were administered a single dose of prazosin (0.025 mg/kg of body weight, iv) immediately after scintigraphy of the right forelimb and before scintigraphy of the left forelimb.
When compared with baseline images, perfusion to the forefoot of horses after the development of acute laminitis was quantitatively decreased vs perfusion to the entire distal portion of the forelimb. Also with the onset of laminitis, perfusion also decreased to the dorsal laminar and coronary corium regions vs the distal portion of the forelimb. The acute laminitis-associated deficit in perfusion to the dorsal lamina was greater in magnitude than the deficit in perfusion to either the coronary corium or the entire forefoot. Equivalent deficits in the distribution of perfusion were not detected in forelimbs from horses with acute laminitis and which had been treated with prazosin. When compared with baseline images, perfusion to the dorsal lamina was increased in relation to perfusion to the distal portion of the limb at postdosing hour 84. Prazosin treatment did not influence that increase in perfusion to the dorsal lamina.
Cardiopulmonary effects of positive end-expiratory pressure in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated ponies
Authors: Wilson D. V. , Soma L. R. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
To investigate the cardiopulmonary effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (peep), values of 10, 20, and 30 cm of H2O, were applied to anesthetized, dorsally recumbent, ventilated ponies. After iv induction of general anesthesia, peep was superimposed on controlled ventilation with 100% oxygen, and changes in gas exchange and cardiac function were measured. Increasing values of peep in these ponies caused a linear increase in the mean (± SEM) functional residual capacity, from a control value (zero end-expiratory pressure) of 1.7 ± 0.24 L to 2.2 ± 0.31, 2.9 ± 0.32 and 3.4 ± 0.3 L at peep of 10, 20, and 30 cm of H2O, respectively (P < 0.05). Paralleling these changes, intrapulmonary shunt fraction decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from a control value of 12.9 ± 0.5%, to 7.5 ± 1.1 and 2.1 ± 0.6%, at peep of 20 and 30 cm of H2O, respectively. Cardiac output was decreased by increasing values of peep, from control value of 11.7 ± 1.56 L/min to 9.9 ± 1.51, 8.8 ± 1.33 and 5.62 ± 0.56 L/min at peep of 10, 20, and 30 cm of H20, respectively. Related to decreasing cardiac output, tissue oxygen delivery also decreased as peep was increased, from control value of 2.0 ± 0.09 L/min to 1.8 ± 0.07, 1.6 ± 0.06, and 1.03 ± 0.04 L/min at peep of 10, 20, and 30 cm of H2O, respectively.
Thus, the effects of increasing values of peep in these ponies included increased functional residual capacity and arterial oxygenation, but marked reduction in cardiac output, resulting in no improvement or decrease in total oxygen delivery. Although peep is useful for improving arterial oxygenation, the deleterious cardiovascular effects should be anticipated or ameliorated by use of volume loading and/or inotrope administration.
Resistance to development of equine ehrlichial colitis in experimentally inoculated horses and ponies
Authors: Palmer J. E. , Benson C. E. , Whitlock R. H. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Fourteen ponies and 3 horses were inoculated with Ehrlichia risticii 2 to 20 months after a similar initial inoculation. Although all 17 had clinical signs of equine ehrlichial colitis after the first inoculation, 16 of 17 remained clinically normal following the second inoculation. The remaining pony had a transient fever and developed signs of depression. Before the initial inoculation, none of the animals had a detectable antibody titer to E risticii. All animals developed titers after the initial infection; however, a significant change of titer did not develop after reinoculation in most animals.
Beta-globin chain hemoglobin polymorphism and hemoglobin stability in black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis)
Authors: Fairbanks Virgil F. , Miller R. Eric 
Published: January 2024

Summary
To evaluate the syndrome of acute intravascular hemolytic anemia in black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis), the hemoglobin of this species was evaluated by use of isopropanol- and heat-stability tests and was further characterized by electrophoretic studies. Samples were obtained from 22 apparently healthy captive North American black rhinoceroses, though 3 of the study animals had survived previous hemolytic events, and 3 others were parents of 3 offspring that had suffered hemolysis. The eastern African (Diceros bicornis michaeli) and the southern African subspecies (D b minor) were represented. Comparative samples were also obtained from 2 white (Ceratotherium simum) and 1 Indian (Rhinoceros unicornis) rhinoceroses. The hemoglobin of all 3 species appeared stable when tested by use of the heat and isopropanol methods. Thus, an unstable hemoglobin does not appear to be involved in the hemolytic crises of captive black rhinoceroses.
Black rhinoceros hemoglobin had a striking polymorphism. Thirteen of the samples from black rhinoceroses had a single hemoglobin band, based on results of alkaline electrophoresis. Nine had, in addition to this major band, a slow (more cathodic) minor band that comprised about 10% of the total hemoglobin. Further studies indicated that the major band and the slower minor band may contain globin chains analogous to human β- and δ-chains respectively; these bands have been tentatively designated B and C. Phenotypes B and BC are common, in a ratio of 4:3. A genetic mechanism is proposed that assumes βb, and βc, gene loci and that βc-locus-expressed (βc+) and βc,-locus-inhibited (βc°) are common alleles for the βc-locus. The polymorphism of rhinoceros hemoglobins appears to be unrelated to the acute hemolytic anemia that occurs in this species.
Safety and efficacy of two sustained-release intrareticular selenium supplements and the associated placental and colostral transfer of selenium in beef cattle
Authors: Campbell D. T. , Maas J. , Weber D. W. , Hedstrom O. R. , Norman B. B. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
One hundred fifty Se-deficient, pregnant, crossbred beef cows were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: group A, Se-deficient control; group B, 1 Se bolus at 0 and 119 days; group C, 1 Se bolus at 0 days; and group D, 2 Se pellets at 0 days. The Se bolus is an osmotic pump designed to release 3 mg of Se/d into the reticulorumen. The Se pellets weigh approximately 30 g and contain 10% elemental Se, which is liberated in the reticulorumen. The Se bolus is designed to provide Se supplementation for 120 days and the Se pellets provide supplementation for up to 18 months. Cattle were maintained on Se-deficient pasture or forages prepared from these pastures for the duration of the experiment.
Blood samples were collected from cows prior to treatment (time 0) and at 28, 52, 119, and 220 days thereafter and analyzed for blood Se (BSe) concentration. Body weights were recorded at each sampling time. Blood Se concentration of cows from all supplemented groups were significantly (P < 0.01) higher than control values at all sample dates after treatments began. By the end of the 220-day study, treatment group-B cattle had significantly (P < 0.01) higher BSe concentrations than any other group. Body weights of treatment groups fluctuated throughout the study, but did not differ (P > 0.05) between groups. One cow and 6 calves born to cows during the experimental period died. Necropsy of 5 calves provided no evidence linking these deaths to treatments. A difference (P > 0.05) in mortality between groups was not detected.
Blood samples were collected from calves prior to suckling, and were analyzed for BSe concentration. Colostrum samples were collected from dams and analyzed for total Se concentration. Additional blood samples were collected from calves 24 to 48 hours after suckling and analyzed for BSe concentration and serum creatine kinase activity. Birth weight, gender, and health were recorded for all calves. Calves from cows in Se-supplemented groups had significantly (P < 0.001) higher BSe concentrations, both before and after suckling, than did controls. Postsuckle BSe concentrations within the groups of calves were not significantly (P > 0.05) different than presuckle BSe concentrations for any of the groups. Selenium concentrations in colostrum from Se-supplemented cows were significantly (P < 0.001) higher than from control cows. A difference (P > 0.05) was not determined in serum creatine kinase activities or birth weights between groups.
Alterations in the phospholipid composition and morphology of ovine erythrocytes after intravenous inoculation of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Authors: Brogden Kim A. , Engen Richard L. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis produces a sphingomyelin-specific phospholipase D exotoxin that is a major determinant in the pathogenesis of caseous lymphadenitis. The effect of this exotoxin on erythrocytes was assessed during experimentally induced infection of sheep. Blood was drawn at timed intervals, and the phospholipid composition of erythrocytes was determined by use of high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of membrane extracts. Erythrocyte morphology was determined by use of transmission electron microscopy. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) decreases in erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin content and significant (P ≤ 0.05) increases in phosphatidylglycerol content were observed 30 minutes after iv inoculation of C pseudotuberculosis. The concentration of other phospholipids remained unchanged. Initially, spherostomatocytes were formed that later became pitted at the cell surface. These pits or invaginations appeared as numerous vacuoles at the periphery of thin-sectioned cells. Pitting became progressively worse, leading to an extensive scalloped cell surface. Alterations in the phospholipid composition and morphology of ovine erythrocytes may contribute to pathophysiologic findings in sheep with acute infection induced by C pseudotuberculosis.
Subgroup classification of porcine group-A rotaviruses, using monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Kassuba Anita , Saif Linda J. , Greenberg Harry B. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Fifty-six samples of feces and intestinal contents from nonvaccinated diarrheal pigs with rotavirus infections were tested, using a subgroup (sgp)-specific elisa, to determine rotavirus sgp classification. Forty-one percent (23/56) were sgp 1, 25% (14/56) were sgp 2, and 34% (19/56) were not classifiable. For classifiable samples, the geographic distribution for sgp 1 and sgp 2, respectively was: 60%/40% from Ohio (n = 15), 63%/37% from other midwestern states (Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, South Dakota; n = 16), and 67%/33% from Canada (n = 6). Thirty-seven sgp-classifiable samples were categorized according to age of pigs. Of pigs ≤ 1 week old, 22% of samples were sgp 1 (n = 8), and 14% (n = 5) were sgp 2. Of samples from 1- to 2-week-old pigs, 8% were sgp 1 (n = 3), and 5% were sgp 2 (n = 2). Of samples from 2- to 3-week-old pigs, 5% were sgp 1 (n = 2), and 8% were sgp 2 (n = 3). Of samples from 3- to 4-week-old pigs, 5% were sgp 1 (n = 2), and 3% were sgp 2 (n = 1). Of samples from pigs > 4 weeks old, 22% were sgp 1 (n = 8) and 8% were sgp 2 (n = 3). Double-stranded rna extracted from positive controls and from 10 selected field samples (5 from sgp 1 and 5 from sgp 2) was electrophoresed in polyacrylamide gels to detect correlation between subgroup classification by elisa and long or short double-stranded RNA electrophoretic-migration patterns. All sgp-1 and -2 rotavirus samples tested had typical long double-stranded rna electrophoretic-migration patterns.
Interdigital skin test for evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity and cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity in young chickens
Authors: Corrier Donald E. , DeLoach John R. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
A skin test to assess T-cell mediated delayed hypersensitivity (dh) and cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (cbh) was evaluated in the interdigital skin of young chickens. Three-day-old chickens were sensitized with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the dh reaction was elicited in the interdigital skin in 10-, 17-, 24-, and 31-day-old chickens by intradermal injection of tuberculin. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity was elicited in the interdigital skin of 10- and 14-day-old chickens by a single intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin-P (200 μg). The effect of immunosuppression on the results of interdigital skin test for dh and for cbh was evaluated in chickens that were treated with dexamethasone daily for 4 days before testing.
The dh reaction, as indicated by a significant (P < 0.01) increase in the mean interdigital skin thickness, was detectable in 10-day-old chickens and was consistently evident in 17-, 24-, and 31-day-old chickens. The dh response in the interdigital skin of 24-day-old chickens was comparable with that elicited in the standard wattle test. The cbh reaction, as indicted by a significant increase (P < 0.005) in skin thickness, was evident in the interdigital skin of 10- and 14-day-old chickens. Treatment with dexamethasone significantly decreased (P < 0.01) the dh and cbh reactions. Results of the study indicated that the interdigital skin test may be used to evaluate normal and suppressed cell-mediated dh and cbh reactions in chickens as young as 10 and 14 days old.
Pituitary and adrenocortical responses to corticotropin-releasing factor in pigs
Authors: Zhang Shu-Hua , Hennessy David P. , Cranwell Peter D. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A study was conducted to determine whether differences in adrenocortical response to exogenous adrenocorticotropin (acth) were an accurate reflection of an animal's perception of and response to stressful stimuli, or whether the pituitary gland might modulate adrenocortical responsiveness. Sixteen Large White × Landrace female pigs, of which 8 had high adrenocortical response to acth and the other 8 had low response, were administered iv a bolus of synthetic human corticotropin-releasing factor (hcrf) at dose rates ranging from 0.002 to 2 μg/kg of body weight. Blood samples were collected at known times for up to 2 hours after administration of hcrf. Plasma acth and cortisol concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results indicate that hcrf stimulated the pituitary gland of high- and low-responding pigs to secrete acth, which in turn stimulated the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol. Plasma acth concentration, before or after hcrf administration, was not significantly different between the high and low responders. However, high-responding pigs had higher cortisol concentration after hcrf administration than did low-responding pigs. Thus, the differences in adrenocortical response to acth between the 2 groups of pigs were not attenuated by variation in pituitary response. It is concluded that adrenocortical responsiveness to acth is an accurate indicator of the perception of and the response to stress.
Prophylactic effects of recombinant bovine interferon -αI1 on acute Salmonella typhimurium infection in calves
Authors: Peel J. E. , Kolly C. , Siegenthaler B. , Martinod S. R. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The in vivo effects of a single prophylactic dose of recombinant bovine interferon (rBoifn)-αI1 in calves with salmonellosis were investigated, using a Salmonella typhimurium infection model. Treatment with rBoifn)-αI1 reduced the degree of septicemia compared with that in control groups, and, in one experiment, using disease of reduced severity, body temperature was lower in treated calves than in controls.