bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemically delivered adipose stromal vascular fraction mitigates radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome by immunomodulating the inflammatory response through a CD11b+ cell-dependent mechanism
Authors: Bensemmane Lydia , Milliat Fabien , Treton Xavier , Linard Christine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) treatment promoted the regeneration of the intestinal epithelium, limiting lethality in a mouse model of radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (GIS). The SVF has a heterogeneous cell composition; the effects between SVF and the host intestinal immunity are still unknown. The specific role of the different cells contained in the SVF needs to be clarified. Monocytes–macrophages have a crucial role in repair and monocyte recruitment and activation are orchestrated by the chemokine receptors CX3CR1 and CCR2.

Methods
Mice exposed to abdominal radiation (18 Gy) received a single intravenous injection of SVF (2.5 × 106 cells), obtained by enzymatic digestion of inguinal fat tissue, on the day of irradiation. Intestinal immunity and regeneration were evaluated by flow cytometry, RT-PCR and histological analyses.

Results
Using flow cytometry, we showed that SVF treatment modulated intestinal monocyte differentiation at 7 days post-irradiation by very early increasing the CD11b+Ly6C+CCR2+ population in the intestine ileal mucosa and accelerating the phenotype modification to acquire CX3CR1 in order to finally restore the F4/80+CX3CR1+ macrophage population. In CX3CR1-depleted mice, SVF treatment fails to mature the Ly6C−MCHII+CX3CR1+ population, leading to a macrophage population deficit associated with proinflammatory environment maintenance and defective intestinal repair; this impaired SVF efficiency on survival. Consistent with a CD11b+ being involved in SVF-induced intestinal repair, we showed that SVF-depleted CD11b+ treatment impaired F4/80+CX3CR1+macrophage pool restoration and caused loss of anti-inflammatory properties, abrogating stem cell compartment repair and survival.

Conclusions
These data showed that SVF treatment mitigates the GIS-involving immunomodulatory effect. Cooperation between the monocyte in SVF and the host monocyte defining the therapeutic properties of the SVF is necessary to guarantee the effective action of the SVF on the GIS.
Sex differences in binge alcohol drinking and the behavioral consequences of protracted abstinence in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Rivera-Irizarry Jean K. , Zallar Lia J. , Levine Olivia B. , Skelly Mary Jane , Boyce Jared E. , Barney Thaddeus , Kopyto Ruth , Pleil Kristen E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Binge alcohol drinking is a risk factor linked to numerous disease states including alcohol use disorder (AUD). While men binge drink more alcohol than women, this demographic gap is quickly shrinking, and preclinical studies demonstrate that females consistently consume more alcohol than males. Further, women are at increased risk for the co-expression of AUD with neuropsychiatric diseases such as anxiety and mood disorders. However, little is understood about chronic voluntary alcohol drinking and its long-term effects on behavior. Here, we sought to characterize sex differences in chronic binge drinking and the effects of protracted alcohol abstinence on anxiety- and affective-related behaviors in males and females.

Methods
We assessed binge alcohol drinking patterns in male and female C57BL/6J mice using a modified Drinking in the Dark (DID) paradigm in which mice received home cage access to one bottle of 10% or 20% alcohol (EtOH) or water for 2 h per day on Days 1–3 and to two bottles (EtOH/H2O + H2O) for 24 h on Day 4 for 8 weekly cycles. Mice were then tested for the effects of protracted abstinence on avoidance, affective, and compulsive behaviors.

Results
Female mice consumed more alcohol than males consistently across cycles of DID and at 2, 4, and 24-h timepoints within the day, with a more robust sex difference for 20% than 10% EtOH. Females also consumed more water than males, an effect that emerged at the later time points; this water consumption bias diminished when alcohol was available. Further, while increased alcohol consumption was correlated with decreased water consumption in males, there was no relationship between these two measures in females. Alcohol preference was higher in 10% vs. 20% EtOH for both sexes. During protracted abstinence following chronic binge drinking, mice displayed decreased avoidance behavior (elevated plus maze, open field, novelty suppressed feeding) and increased compulsive behavior (marble burying) that was especially robust in females. There was no effect of alcohol history on stress coping and negative affective behaviors (sucrose preference, forced swim test, tail suspension) in either sex.

Conclusion
Female mice engaged in higher volume binge drinking than their male counterparts. Although females also consumed more water than males, their higher alcohol consumption was not driven by increased total fluid intake. Further, the effects of protracted abstinence following chronic binge drinking was driven by behavioral disinhibition that was more pronounced in females. Given the reciprocal relationship between risk-taking and alcohol use in neuropsychiatric disease states, these results have implications for sex-dependent alcohol drinking patterns and their long-term negative neuropsychiatric/physiological health outcomes in humans.
Do in-person and computer-based brief alcohol interventions reduce tobacco smoking among general hospital patients? Secondary outcomes from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Krolo-Wicovsky Filipa , Baumann Sophie , Tiede Anika , Bischof Gallus , John Ulrich , Gaertner Beate , Freyer-Adam Jennis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
At-risk alcohol use and tobacco smoking often co-occur. We investigated whether brief alcohol interventions (BAIs) among general hospital patients with at-risk alcohol use may also reduce tobacco smoking over 2 years. We also investigated whether such effects vary by delivery mode; i.e. in-person versus computer-based BAI.

Methods
A proactively recruited sample of 961 general hospital patients with at-risk alcohol use aged 18 to 64 years was allocated to three BAI study groups: in-person BAI, computer-based BAI, and assessment only. In-person- and computer-based BAI included motivation-enhancing intervention contacts to reduce alcohol use at baseline and 1 and 3 months later. Follow-ups were conducted after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. A two-part latent growth model, with self-reported smoking status (current smoking: yes/no) and number of cigarettes in smoking participants as outcomes, was estimated.

Results
Smoking participants in computer-based BAI smoked fewer cigarettes per day than those assigned to assessment only at month 6 (meannet change = − 0.02; 95% confidence interval = − 0.08–0.00). After 2 years, neither in-person- nor computer-based BAI significantly changed smoking status or number of cigarettes per day in comparison to assessment only or to each other (ps ≥ 0.23).

Conclusions
While computer-based BAI also resulted in short-term reductions of number of cigarettes in smoking participants, none of the two BAIs were sufficient to evoke spill-over effects on tobacco smoking over 2 years. For long-term smoking cessation effects, multibehavioural interventions simultaneously targeting tobacco smoking along with at-risk alcohol use may be more effective.
Trial registration number: NCT01291693.
Vancomycin resistant enterococcus risk factors for hospital colonization in hematological patients: a matched case-control study
Authors: Meschiari Marianna , Kaleci Shaniko , Monte Martina Del , Dessilani Andrea , Santoro Antonella , Scialpi Francesco , Franceschini Erica , Orlando Gabriella , Cervo Adriana , Monica Morselli , Forghieri Fabio , Venturelli Claudia , Ricchizzi Enrico , Chester Johanna , Sarti Mario , Guaraldi Giovanni , Luppi Mario , Mussini Cristina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) was the fastest growing pathogen in Europe in 2022 (+ 21%) but its clinical relevance is still unclear. We aim to identify risk factors for acquired VRE rectal colonization in hematological patients and evaluate the clinical impact of VRE colonization on subsequent infection, and 30- and 90-day overall mortality rates, compared to a matched control group.

Methods
A retrospective, single center, case–control matched study (ratio 1:1) was conducted in a hematological department from January 2017 to December 2020. Case patients with nosocomial isolation of VRE from rectal swab screening (≥ 48 h) were matched to controls by age, sex, ethnicity, and hematologic disease. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression compared risk factors for colonization.

Results
A total of 83 cases were matched with 83 controls. Risk factors for VRE colonization were febrile neutropenia, bone marrow transplant, central venous catheter, bedsores, reduced mobility, altered bowel habits, cachexia, previous hospitalization and antibiotic treatments before and during hospitalization. VRE bacteraemia and Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) occurred more frequently among cases without any impact on 30 and 90-days overall mortality. Vancomycin administration and altered bowel habits were the only independent risk factors for VRE colonization at multivariate analysis (OR: 3.53 and 3.1; respectively).

Conclusions
Antimicrobial stewardship strategies to reduce inappropriate Gram-positive coverage in hematological patients is urgently required, as independent risk factors for VRE nosocomial colonization identified in this study include any use of vancomycin and altered bowel habits. VRE colonization and infection did not influence 30- and 90-day mortality. There was a strong correlation between CDI and VRE, which deserves further investigation to target new therapeutic approaches.
Fabrication and characterization of silicon-on-insulator wafers
Authors: Kim Taeyeong , Lee Jungchul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSilicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers offer significant advantages for both Integrated circuits (ICs) and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices with their buried oxide layer improving electrical isolation and etch stop function. For past a few decades, various approaches have been investigated to make SOI wafers and they tend to exhibit strength and weakness. In this review, we aim to overview different manufacturing routes for SOI wafers with specific focus on advantages and inherent challenges. Then, we look into how SOI wafers are characterized for quality assessment and control. We also provide insights towards potential future directions of SOI technology to further accelerate ever-growing IC and MEMS industries.
Reactivation of variably sealed joints and permeability enhancement in geothermal reservoir rocks
Authors: Kushnir Alexandra R. L. , Heap Michael J. , Baud Patrick , Reuschlé Thierry , Schmittbuhl Jean 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHydraulic stimulation of enhanced deep geothermal reservoirs commonly targets pre-existing joint networks with the goal of increasing reservoir permeability. Here, we study the permeability and strength of joint-free and jointed Buntsandstein sandstones from the EPS-1 exploratory borehole at the Soultz-sous-Forêts geothermal site (France). The studied jointed samples contain naturally formed fractures that are variably filled with secondary mineralisation. We find that the permeability of these rocks is more sensitive to the presence and orientation of bedding than to the presence of joints at the scale of the samples: permeability is lowest in samples where bedding is oriented perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow. While well-sealed joints can act as barriers to fluid flow, partially filled joints neither inhibit nor promote fluid flow with respect to their joint-free counterparts. These samples were then deformed under triaxial conditions to assess (1) whether deformation reactivates pre-existing joints, and (2) how permeability changes as a result of deformation. We find that the mechanical response of the rocks depends on the extent to which joints are sealed. Well-sealed joints locally increase rock strength and experimentally induced fractures do not exploit pre-existing joint surfaces; partially sealed joints, by contrast, act as planes of weakness that localise strain. Although the permeability of all samples increased during deformation, permeability increase was largest in samples with poorly filled joints. We conclude that hydraulic stimulation operations must carefully consider the extent to which targeted joint networks are filled. Partially sealed joints are ideal targets for stimulation: these features act as planes of weakness within the rock mass and their reactivation can result in significant increases in permeability. By contrast, well-sealed joints may increase rock strength locally and may never reactivate during stimulation, making them poor targets for permeability enhancement.
Motivational climate predicts effort and achievement in a large computer science course: examining differences across sexes, races/ethnicities, and academic majors
Authors: Jones Brett D. , Ellis Margaret , Gu Fei , Fenerci Hande 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The motivational climate within a course has been shown to be an important predictor of students’ engagement and course ratings. Because little is known about how students’ perceptions of the motivational climate in a computer science (CS) course vary by sex, race/ethnicity, and academic major, we investigated these questions: (1) To what extent do students’ achievement and perceptions of motivational climate, cost, ease, and effort vary by sex, race/ethnicity, or major? and (2) To what extent do the relationships between students’ achievement and perceptions of motivational climate, cost, and effort vary by sex, race/ethnicity, and major? Participants were enrolled in a large CS course at a large public university in the southeastern U.S. A survey was administered to 981 students in the course over three years. Path analyses and one-way MANOVAs and ANOVAs were conducted to examine differences between groups.

Results
Students’ perceptions of empowerment, usefulness, interest, and caring were similar across sexes and races/ethnicities. However, women and Asian students reported lower success expectancies. Students in the same academic major as the course topic (i.e., CS) generally reported higher perceptions of the motivational climate than students who did not major or minor in the course topic. Final grades in the course did not vary by sex or race/ethnicity, except that the White and Asian students obtained higher grades than the Black students. Across sex, race/ethnicity, and major, students’ perceptions of the motivational climate were positively related to effort, which was positively related to achievement.

Conclusions
One implication is that females, Asian students, and non-CS students may need more support, or different types of support, to help them believe that they can succeed in computer science courses. On average, these students were less confident in their abilities to succeed in the course and were more likely to report that they did not have the time needed to do well in the course. A second implication for instructors is that it may be possible to increase students’ effort and achievement by increasing students’ perceptions of the five key constructs in the MUSIC Model of Motivation: eMpowerment, Usefulness, Success, Interest, and Caring.
Compatible solutes determine the heat resistance of conidia
Authors: Seekles Sjoerd J. , van den Brule Tom , Punt Maarten , Dijksterhuis Jan , Arentshorst Mark , Ijadpanahsaravi Maryam , Roseboom Winfried , Meuken Gwendolin , Ongenae Véronique , Zwerus Jordy , Ohm Robin A. , Kramer Gertjan , Wösten Han A. B. , de Winde Johannes H. , Ram Arthur F. J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Asexually developed fungal spores (conidia) are key for the massive proliferation and dispersal of filamentous fungi. Germination of conidia and subsequent formation of a mycelium network give rise to many societal problems related to human and animal fungal diseases, post-harvest food spoilage, loss of harvest caused by plant-pathogenic fungi and moulding of buildings. Conidia are highly stress resistant compared to the vegetative mycelium and therefore even more difficult to tackle.

Results
In this study, complementary approaches are used to show that accumulation of mannitol and trehalose as the main compatible solutes during spore maturation is a key factor for heat resistance of conidia. Compatible solute concentrations increase during conidia maturation, correlating with increased heat resistance of mature conidia. This maturation only occurs when conidia are attached to the conidiophore. Moreover, conidia of a mutant Aspergillus niger strain, constructed by deleting genes involved in mannitol and trehalose synthesis and consequently containing low concentrations of these compatible solutes, exhibit a sixteen orders of magnitude more sensitive heat shock phenotype compared to wild-type conidia. Cultivation at elevated temperature results in adaptation of conidia with increased heat resistance. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed two putative heat shock proteins to be upregulated under these conditions. However, conidia of knock-out strains lacking these putative heat shock proteins did not show a reduced heat resistance.

Conclusions
Heat stress resistance of fungal conidia is mainly determined by the compatible solute composition established during conidia maturation. To prevent heat resistant fungal spore contaminants, food processing protocols should consider environmental conditions stimulating compatible solute accumulation and potentially use compatible solute biosynthesis as a novel food preservation target.
Cerebral traumatic injury and glucose metabolism: a scoping review
Authors: Quintana-Pajaro Loraine , Padilla-Zambrano Huber S. , Ramos-Villegas Yancarlos , Lopez-Cepeda Daniela , Andrade-Lopez Andrea , Hoz Samer , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Joaquim Andrei F. , Florez Perdomo William A. , Janjua Tariq 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
To review the influence of metabolic dysfunction of glucose after traumatic brain injury on patient mortality.

Materials and methods
We searched PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Medline, and Embase electronic databases, involving publications from 1980 to August 2017 in English and Spanish.

Results
The glucose metabolism in brain involved in brain signal conduction, neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive function. Insulin levels traverse the blood–brain barrier by utilizing an insulin receptor protein as a carrier, playing a pivotal role in various cognitive functions while also regulating energy metabolism. TBI causes elevated blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemia is attributed to an acute sympatho-adrenomedullary response, resulting in elevated catecholamines, increased levels of cortisol, and IL-6. Moreover, there is a potential association with hypothalamic involvement. Additionally, hyperglycemia is linked to lactic acidosis at the tissue level, ultimately contributing to higher mortality rates.

Conclusions
The monitoring and control of glucose should be an important part of multimodal monitoring in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury managed in neurocritical care units. A management protocol should ensure normoglycemia and early detection and correction of glucose abnormalities since it improves patients' clinical outcomes.
Diagnostic and prognostic utility of prealbumin as a nutritional biomarker in critically ill children: a prospective cross sectional study
Authors: Megied Mohamed Abdallah Abd El , Ayada Iman Khaled , Dayem Omnia Yahia Abd El , Wareth Ramy Abd El Naser Abd El , Ghonaim Mohamed Salah , Mohamed Aya Osama , Mohamed Shereen AbdelMonem 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Paediatric intensive care units (PICU) experience a big challenge with malnutrition. It significantly impacts the development and prognosis of critically ill patients (CIP). CIP are those who require high reliance or serious medical and/or surgical interventions. For their importance, valid and reliable nutritional markers are mandatory to be implemented in the daily practice of our PICU. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional status of CIP in PICU through measuring prealbumin level and use it as predictor of malnutrition and clinical outcome.

Methods
Forty four CIP admitted to the Children's Hospital, Cairo University PICU, throughout six months were the subject of this cross-sectional study. Clinical nutritional status was evaluated using the Z-score, and prealbumin level was measured.

Results
50% of children who were critically sick also had malnutrition, with severe malnutrition accounting for the majority of cases (34.1%). Prealbumin did not significantly correlate with malnutrition, nor the mortality in CIP. However, malnutrition is strongly linked to mortality in critically ill children. To predict malnutrition in CIP, serum prealbumin at cutoff > 163.64 exhibited AUC of 0.556 with sensitivity of 90.91% and a specificity of 31.82%. For prediction of the clinical outcome, serum prealbumin at cutoff ≤ 758.37 had an AUC of 0.535 with a sensitivity of 91.67% and a specificity of 21.87%.

Conclusions
Malnutrition significantly increased the risk of death. Prealbumin was neither a significant predictor for malnutrition nor mortality in CIP.