bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future Innovations in Novel Detection for Atrial Fibrillation (FIND-AF): pilot study of an electronic health record machine learning algorithm-guided intervention to identify undiagnosed atrial fibrillation
Authors: Nadarajah Ramesh , Wahab Ali , Reynolds Catherine , Raveendra Keerthenan , Askham Deborah , Dawson Richard , Keene John , Shanghavi Sagar , Lip Gregory Y H , Hogg David , Cowan Campbel , Wu Jianhua , Gale Chris P 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a fivefold increased risk of stroke. Oral anticoagulation reduces the risk of stroke, but AF is elusive. A machine learning algorithm (Future Innovations in Novel Detection of Atrial Fibrillation (FIND-AF)) developed to predict incident AF within 6 months using data in primary care electronic health records (EHRs) could be used to guide AF screening. The objectives of the FIND-AF pilot study are to determine yields of AF during ECG monitoring across AF risk estimates and establish rates of recruitment and protocol adherence in a remote AF screening pathway.Methods and analysisThe FIND-AF Pilot is an interventional, non-randomised, single-arm, open-label study that will recruit 1955 participants aged 30 years or older, without a history of AF and eligible for oral anticoagulation, identified as higher risk and lower risk by the FIND-AF risk score from their primary care EHRs, to a period of remote ECG monitoring with a Zenicor-ECG device. The primary outcome is AF diagnosis during ECG monitoring, and secondary outcomes include recruitment rates, withdrawal rates, adherence to ECG monitoring and prescription of oral anticoagulation to participants diagnosed with AF during ECG monitoring.Ethics and disseminationThe study has ethical approval (the North West—Greater Manchester South Research Ethics Committee reference 23/NW/0180). Findings will be announced at relevant conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals in line with the Funder’s open access policy.Trial registration numberNCT05898165.
Physical viability of exponential entropy on charged AdS black hole through thermodynamic geometries
Authors: Jawad Abdul , Yasir Muhammad , Raza Hussnain 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA detailed discussion on phase transition, stability and microscopic structure of a charged black hole in anti-de Sitter (AdS) by using exponential entropy is presented. For this black hole, the thermodynamic characteristics such as the Hawking temperature, specific heat and the $$P-v$$

P
-
v

curve will be developed and investigated with the variation of black hole horizon radius and monopole parameter. We also study the scalar curvatures of this black hole by using several thermodynamic geometry formulations, such as the Ruppeiner, Weinhold, HPEM, Quevedo in view of exponential entropy. Moreover, we extract the HPEM and Quevedo formulations of the charged AdS black hole which may provide more data on the phase-transition than the Weinhold and Ruppeiner techniques.
Effect of electric interaction on the deflection and gravitational lensing in the strong field limit
Authors: Zhou Shangjie , Chen Muchun , Jia Junji 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe deflection angle$$\Delta \phi $$Δϕof charged signals in general charged spacetime in the strong deflection limit is analyzed in this work using a perturbative method generalized from the neutral signal case. The solved$$\Delta \phi $$Δϕnaturally contains the finite distance effect and takes a quasi-power series form with a logarithmic divergence at the leading order. The coefficients of the series contain both the gravitational and electric contributions. Using the Reissner–Nordström spacetime as an example, we found that an electric repulsion (or attraction) tends to decrease (or increase) the critical impact parameter$$b_c$$bc. If the repulsion is strong enough, then$$b_c$$bccan shrink to zero and the critical particle sphere$$r_{0c}$$r0cwill disappear. These results are applied to the gravitational lensing of charge signal, from which we solved the image positions, their magnifications and time delays. It is found that in general, the electric repulsion (or attraction) will decrease (or increase) the image apparent angles, the black hole shadow sizes as well as their magnifications but increase (or decrease) the time delays.
HYPERMATRIX ALGEBRA AND IRREDUCIBLE ARITY IN HIGHER-ORDER SYSTEMS: CONCEPTS AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: ZAPATA-CARRATALÁ CARLOS , SCHICH MAXIMILIAN , BEYNON TALIESIN , ARSIWALLA XERXES D. 
Published: September 2023

Theoretical and computational frameworks of complexity science are dominated by binary structures. This binary bias, seen in the ubiquity of pair-wise networks and formal binary operations in mathematical models, limits our capacity to faithfully capture irreducible polyadic interactions in higher-order systems. A paradigmatic example of a higher-order interaction is the Borromean link of three interlocking rings. In this paper, we propose a mathematical framework via hypergraphs and hypermatrix algebras that allows to formalize such forms of higher-order bonding and connectivity in a parsimonious way. Our framework builds on and extends current techniques in higher-order networks — still mostly rooted in binary structures such as adjacency matrices — and incorporates recent developments in higher-arity structures to articulate the compositional behavior of adjacency hypermatrices. Irreducible higher-order interactions turn out to be a widespread occurrence across natural sciences and socio-cultural knowledge representation. We demonstrate this by reviewing recent results in computer science, physics, chemistry, biology, ecology, social science, and cultural analysis through the conceptual lens of irreducible higher-order interactions. We further speculate that the general phenomenon of emergence in complex systems may be characterized by spatio-temporal discrepancies of interaction arity.
Seismogram Synthesis of Multi-Scale Layered Transversely Isotropic Saturated Half-Space Using a Revised Stiffness Matrix Method
Authors: Ba Zhenning , Niu Jiaqi , Liang Jianwen , Zhang Ji , Fu Zhanyuan 
Published: September 2023

Seismogram synthesis for a multi-scale transversely isotropic (TI) saturated layered half-space subjected to seismic dislocation source is studied by a revised stiffness matrix method in this paper. First, based on Biot’s theory of wave propagation in a fluid-saturated porous solid, the governing equations of motion in TI saturated medium are transformed by Fourier–Hankel integral transform. Next, the contribution of the seismic dislocation source can be imposed in the form of body forces. Then, the global stiffness matrix with well-conditioned properties is obtained by assembling each layer’s exact stiffness matrix, which can avoid accumulating errors in the matrix transmission. By extracting the divergence exponent terms of the stiffness matrix concerning thickness and wavenumber, the bottleneck of simulating the wave propagation process in multi-scale half-space, where the layer thickness and velocity vary sharply from the near-surface region to the crustal zone, could be overcome, and a fast and accurate seismogram synthesis could be achieved. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by comparing the calculated results with those of published literature. Finally, the method is applied to the multi-scale system with realistic superficial fine layers. Numerical examples regarding thickness, TI properties and porosity are presented to illustrate the effects of superficial layers on ground motion. The numerical results show that the surface properties affect the wave propagation and energy distribution, leading to variable impacts on the surface response in different directions; this phenomenon is more pronounced in the case of high-frequency ground motions.
A Fast Multi-Frequency Iterative Acoustic Boundary Element Method Solver Based on a Preconditioned Accelerated Recycling Strategy
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Dionysios , Desmet Wim , Deckers Elke 
Published: September 2023

Common multi-frequency solution strategies for acoustic systems are either associated with high computational costs or resort to model reduction strategies, which potentially induce considerable approximation errors. In that context, this work proposes a fast multi-frequency solver for acoustic Boundary Element Method (BEM) analyses that combines conventional preconditioners with an accelerated recycling strategy, achieving in that way a fast and accurate iterative solution. Specifically, by approximating both the system and the related preconditioner by individual affine expressions, an upfront Galerkin projection on a global deflation basis is facilitated, therefore enabling the deployment of the accelerated recycling scheme. The latter acts by accelerating the construction of the related deflation projectors, therefore leading to a significantly faster recycling procedure. Finally, the efficiency of the global deflation basis is guaranteed through an Automatic Krylov subspaces Recycling for Deflation (AKR-D) [D. Panagiotopoulos, W. Desmet and E. Deckers, An accelerated subspaces recycling strategy for the deflation of parametric linear systems based on model order reduction, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 403 (2023) 115765] algorithm and thus, the cumulative number of iterations required by an iterative solver within a frequency sweep is drastically decreased. The proposed multi-frequency solver is tested on two industrially relevant examples of an interior and an exterior scattering problem, benchmarked against the traditional solution strategies.
A High-Frequency Planar-Configured Millimeter-Wave MIMO Antenna for Fifth-Generation NR Operations
Authors: Tiwari Poonam , Gahlaut Vishant , Kaushik Meenu , Shastri Anshuman , Siddiqui Gulman , Singh Bhupender 
Published: September 2023

This article presents a simple planar millimeter-wave (mm-wave) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna with four closely spaced radiating elements. The antenna is intended to enhance the bandwidth for 5G new radio (NR) applications and also cover the industrial Ka-band (26.5-40 GHz), Q-band (30-50 GHz), and U-band (40-60 GHz) frequency ranges. The antenna is designed using Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate with a size of

25
×
26
×
1.6

mm3. The proposed antenna consists of four identical radiating elements with two of them positioned in a linear configuration facing each other, while the other two elements are placed opposite to the first two, which improves isolation between the elements. Across the entire operating frequency range (26-60 GHz), the antenna demonstrated excellent performance, including 34 GHz wide bandwidth, high isolation of >25 dB, nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns, high gain of 11.1 dB with a high radiation efficiency of 94%, low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 0.0068, and high diversity gain (DG) of 9.967 dB. The simulated findings exhibit a strong positive correlation with the experimental results. The proposed MIMO antenna design is a promising solution for 5G NR applications.
Developing Clinical Risk Prediction Models for Worsening Heart Failure Events and Death by Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Parikh Rishi V. , Go Alan S. , Bhatt Ankeet S. , Tan Thida C. , Allen Amanda R. , Feng Kent Y. , Hamilton Steven A. , Tai Andrew S. , Fitzpatrick Jesse K. , Lee Keane K. , Adatya Sirtaz , Avula Harshith R. , Sax Dana R. , Shen Xian , Cristino Joaquim , Sandhu Alexander T. , Heidenreich Paul A. , Ambrosy Andrew P. 
Published: September 2023

Background
There is a need to develop electronic health record–based predictive models for worsening heart failure (WHF) events across clinical settings and across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Methods and Results
We studied adults with heart failure (HF) from 2011 to 2019 within an integrated health care delivery system. WHF encounters were ascertained using natural language processing and structured data. We conducted boosted decision tree ensemble models to predict 1‐year hospitalizations, emergency department visits/observation stays, and outpatient encounters for WHF and all‐cause death within each LVEF category: HF with reduced ejection fraction (EF) (LVEF <40%), HF with mildly reduced EF (LVEF 40%–49%), and HF with preserved EF (LVEF ≥50%). Model discrimination was evaluated using area under the curve and calibration using mean squared error. We identified 338 426 adults with HF: 61 045 (18.0%) had HF with reduced EF, 49 618 (14.7%) had HF with mildly reduced EF, and 227 763 (67.3%) had HF with preserved EF. The 1‐year risks of any WHF event and death were, respectively, 22.3% and 13.0% for HF with reduced EF, 17.0% and 10.1% for HF with mildly reduced EF, and 16.3% and 10.3% for HF with preserved EF. The WHF model displayed an area under the curve of 0.76 and mean squared error of 0.13, whereas the model for death displayed an area under the curve of 0.83 and mean squared error of 0.076. Performance and predictors were similar across WHF encounter types and LVEF categories.

Conclusions
We developed risk prediction models for 1‐year WHF events and death across the LVEF spectrum using structured and unstructured electronic health record data and observed no substantial differences in model performance or predictors except for death, despite differences in underlying HF cause.
Vertebral Tortuosity Is Associated With Increased Rate of Cardiovascular Events in Vascular Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome
Authors: Stephens Sara B. , Shalhub Sherene , Dodd Nicholas , Li Jesse , Huang Michael , Oda Seitaro , Kancherla Kalyan , Doan Tam T. , Prakash Siddharth K. , Weigand Justin D. , Asch Federico M. , Beecroft Taylor , Cecchi Alana , Shittu Teniola , Preiss Liliana , LeMaire Scott A. , Devereux Richard B. , Pyeritz Reed E. , Holmes Kathryn W. , Roman Mary J. , Lacro Ronald V. , Shohet Ralph V. , Krishnamurthy Rajesh , Eagle Kim , Byers Peter , Milewicz Dianna M. , Morris Shaine A. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Arterial tortuosity is associated with adverse events in Marfan and Loeys‐Dietz syndromes but remains understudied in Vascular Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome.

Methods and Results

Subjects with a pathogenic
COL3A1
variant diagnosed at age <50 years were included from 2 institutions and the GenTAC Registry (National Registry of Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Cardiovascular Conditions). Height‐adjusted vertebral artery tortuosity index (VTI‐h) using magnetic resonance or computed tomography angiography was calculated. Associations between VTI‐h and outcomes of (1) cardiovascular events (arterial dissection/rupture, aneurysm requiring intervention, stroke), or (2) hollow organ collapse/rupture at age <50 years were evaluated using receiver operator curve analysis (using outcome by age 30 years) and mixed‐effects Poisson regression for incidence rate ratios. Of 65 subjects (54% male), median VTI‐h was 12 (interquartile range, 8–16). Variants were missense in 46%, splice site in 31%, and null/gene deletion in 14%. Thirty‐two subjects (49%) had 59 events, including 28 dissections, 5 arterial ruptures, 4 aneurysms requiring intervention, 4 strokes, 11 hollow organ ruptures, and 7 pneumothoraces. Receiver operator curve analysis suggested optimal discrimination at VTI‐h ≥15.5 for cardiovascular events (sensitivity 70%, specificity 76%) and no association with noncardiovascular events (area under the curve, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.22–0.78]). By multivariable analysis, older age was associated with increased cardiovascular event rate while VTI‐h ≥15.5 was not (incidence rate ratios, 1.79 [95% CI, 0.76–4.24],
P
=0.185). However, VTI‐h ≥15.5 was associated with events among those with high‐risk variants <40 years (incidence rate ratios, 4.14 [95% CI, 1.13–15.10],
P
=0.032), suggesting effect modification by genotype and age.

Conclusions
Increased arterial tortuosity is associated with a higher incidence rate of cardiovascular events in Vascular Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome. Vertebral tortuosity index may be a useful biomarker for prognosis when evaluated in conjunction with genotype and age.
Sleep Variability, Eating Timing Variability, and Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness in Early Adulthood
Authors: Hoopes Elissa K. , Witman Melissa A. , D'Agata Michele N. , Brewer Benjamin , Edwards David G. , Robson Shannon M. , Malone Susan K. , Keiser Thomas , Patterson Freda 
Published: September 2023

Background
Day‐to‐day variability in sleep patterns and eating timing may disrupt circadian rhythms and has been linked with various adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. However, the extent to which variability in sleep patterns and eating timing relate to atherosclerotic development in subclinical stages remains unclear.

Methods and Results

Generally healthy adults (N=62, 29.3±7.3 years, 66% female) completed 14 days of sleep and dietary assessments via wrist accelerometry and photo‐assisted diet records, respectively. Variability in sleep duration, sleep onset, eating onset (time of first caloric consumption), eating offset (time of last caloric consumption), and caloric midpoint (time at which 50% of total daily calories are consumed) were operationalized as the SD across 14 days for each variable. Separate regression models evaluated the cross‐sectional associations between sleep and eating variability metrics with end‐diastolic carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) measured via ultrasonography. Models adjusted for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, sleep duration, and total energy intake. Each 60‐minute increase in sleep duration SD and sleep onset SD were associated with a 0.049±0.016 mm (
P
=0.003) and 0.048±0.017 mm (
P
=0.007) greater CIMT, respectively. Variability in eating onset and offset were not associated with CIMT; however, each 60‐minute increase in caloric midpoint SD was associated with a 0.033±0.015 mm greater CIMT (
P
=0.029). Exploratory post hoc analyses suggested that sleep duration SD and sleep onset SD were stronger correlates of CIMT than caloric midpoint SD.

Conclusions
Variability in sleep patterns and eating timing are positively associated with clinically relevant increases in CIMT, a biomarker of subclinical atherosclerosis, in early adulthood.
Relationship Between Time‐Varying Achieved High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Risk of Coronary Events Depends on Haptoglobin Phenotype Within the ACCORD Lipid Study
Authors: Warren Rachel A. , Carew Allie S. , Andreou Pantelis , Levy Andrew P. , Sapp John , Lache Orit , Ginsberg Henry N. , Rimm Eric B. , Herman Christine , Kirkland Susan , Cahill Leah E. 
Published: September 2023

Background
The Hp (haptoglobin)2‐2 phenotype (~40% of people) is associated with dysfunctional high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) that is heavily oxidized in hyperglycemia, which may explain why raising HDL‐cholesterol (HDL‐C) does not reliably prevent coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetes.

Methods and Results

In this observational study using longitudinal data from the ACCORD (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes) lipid trial, time‐varying (achieved) HDL‐C updated at 4, 8, and 12 months, and annually thereafter over a mean of 4.7 years, was analyzed in relation to risk of CAD and secondary outcomes using Cox proportional hazards regression with time‐varying covariables among participants with (n=1781) and without (n=3191) the Hp2‐2 phenotype. HDL‐C did not differ between the phenotypes throughout the study. Having low HDL‐C (<40 mg/dL for male participants and <50 mg/dL for female participants) was associated with a greater risk of CAD compared with non‐low HDL‐C among participants with the non‐Hp2‐2 phenotype (hazard ratio [HR], 1.48 [95% CI, 1.18–1.87]) but not among the Hp2‐2 phenotype (HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.70–1.35];
P
interaction=0.03). Similarly, an inverse relationship was observed between HDL‐C quintiles and CAD risk among participants without the Hp2‐2 phenotype, whereas no significant inverse relationship was observed among participants with the Hp2‐2 phenotype (
P
interaction=0.38). Among the Hp2‐2 phenotype group, having low HDL‐C was associated with higher risk of CVD mortality (HR, 2.09 [95% CI, 1.05–4.13]), and compared with the lowest HDL‐C quintile, higher quintiles were associated with lower risk of CVD mortality and congestive heart failure.

Conclusions
Hp phenotype modified the association between HDL‐C and risk of CAD in the ACCORD lipid study, suggesting that HDL dysfunction in the Hp2‐2 phenotype may hinder CAD‐protective properties of HDL‐C.
Sex Differences in Patients With Cryptogenic Cerebrovascular Events Undergoing Transcatheter Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale
Authors: Farjat‐Pasos Julio I. , Guedeney Paul , Houde Christine , Alperi Alberto , Robichaud Mathieu , Côté Mélanie , Montalescot Gilles , Rodés‐Cabau Josep 
Published: September 2023

Background
Scarce data exist on sex differences in patients with cryptogenic cerebrovascular events undergoing patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure. This study aimed to determine the sex differences in clinical profile, procedural characteristics, and long‐term outcomes of patients with cryptogenic cerebrovascular events undergoing PFO closure.

Methods and Results

A retrospective cohort was used, including 1076 consecutive patients undergoing PFO closure because of a cryptogenic cerebrovascular event. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 469 (43.6%) women and 607 (56.4%) men. The median follow‐up was 3 years (interquartile range, 2–8 years). Women were younger (46±13 versus 50±12 years;
P
<0.01) and had a higher risk of paradoxical embolism score (6.9±1.7 versus 6.6±1.6;
P
<0.01). Procedural characteristics and postprocedural antithrombotic therapy were similar. At follow‐up, there were no differences in atrial fibrillation (women versus men: 0.47 versus 0.97 per 100 patient‐years; incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.55 [95% CI, 0.27–1.11];
P
=0.095; adjusted
P
=0.901), stroke (0.17 versus 0.07 per 100 patient‐years; IRR, 2.58 [95% CI, 0.47–14.1];
P
=0.274; adjusted
P
=0.201), or transient ischemic attack (0.43 versus 0.18 per 100 patient‐years; IRR, 2.58 [95% CI, 0.88–7.54];
P
=0.084; adjusted
P
=0.121); nevertheless, women exhibited a higher incidence of combined ischemic cerebrovascular events (0.61 versus 0.26 per 100 patient‐years; IRR, 2.58 [95% CI, 1.04–6.39];
P
=0.041; adjusted
P
=0.028) and bleeding events (1.04 versus 0.45 per 100 patient‐years; IRR, 2.82 [95% CI, 1.41–5.65];
P
=0.003; adjusted
P
=0.004).

Conclusions
Compared with men, women with cryptogenic cerebrovascular events undergoing PFO closure were younger and had a higher risk of paradoxical embolism score. After a median follow‐up of 3 years, there were no differences in stroke events, but women exhibited a higher rate of combined (stroke and transient ischemic attack) cerebrovascular events and bleeding complications. Additional studies are warranted to clarify sex‐related outcomes after PFO closure further.