bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Argininosuccinate Synthase 1 ‐Dependent L‐Arginine Biosynthesis in the Protective Effect of Endothelial Sirtuin 3 Against Atherosclerosis
Authors: Cao Xiaoyun , Wu Vivian Wei Yan , Han Yumeng , Hong Huiling , Wu Yalan , Kong Alice Pik Shan , Lui Kathy O , Tian Xiao Yu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAtherosclerosis is initiated with endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and vascular inflammation under hyperlipidemia. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a mitochondrial deacetylase. However, the specific role of endothelial SIRT3 during atherosclerosis remains poorly understood. The present study aims to study the role and mechanism of SIRT3 in EC function during atherosclerosis. Wild‐type Sirt3f/f mice and endothelium‐selective SIRT3 knockout Sirt3f/f; Cdh5Cre/+ (Sirt3EC‐KO) mice are injected with adeno‐associated virus (AAV) to overexpress PCSK9 and fed with high‐cholesterol diet (HCD) for 12 weeks to induce atherosclerosis. Sirt3EC‐KO mice exhibit increased atherosclerotic plaque formation, along with elevated macrophage infiltration, vascular inflammation, and reduced circulating L‐arginine levels. In human ECs, SIRT3 inhibition resulted in heightened vascular inflammation, reduced nitric oxide (NO) production, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and diminished L‐arginine levels. Silencing of SIRT3 results in hyperacetylation and deactivation of Argininosuccinate Synthase 1 (ASS1), a rate‐limiting enzyme involved in L‐arginine biosynthesis, and this effect is abolished in mutant ASS1. Furthermore, L‐arginine supplementation attenuates enhanced plaque formation and vascular inflammation in Sirt3EC‐KO mice. This study provides compelling evidence supporting the protective role of endothelial SIRT3 in atherosclerosis and also suggests a critical role of SIRT3‐induced deacetylation of ASS1 by ECs for arginine synthesis.
Radical Cross Coupling and Enantioselective Protonation through Asymmetric Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Kong Manman , Wang Zhuoxi , Ban Xu , Zhao Xiaowei , Yin Yanli , Zhang Junmin , Jiang Zhiyong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn unprecedented enantioselective protonation reaction enabled by photoredox catalytic radical coupling is developed. Under cooperative dicynopyrazine‐derived chromophore (DPZ) as a photosensitizer and a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst, and Hantzsch ester as a sacrificial reductant, the transformations between α‐substituted enones and cyanoazaarenes or 2‐(chloromethyl)azaaren‐1‐iums can proceed a tandem reduction, radical coupling, and enantioselective protonation process efficiently. Two classes of pharmaceutically important enantioenriched azaarene variants, which contain a synthetically versatile ketone‐substituted tertiary carbon stereocenter at the β‐ or γ‐position of the azaarenes, are synthesized with high yields and ees.
Ortho‐Carborane Decorated Multi‐Resonance TADF Emitters: Preserving Local Excited State and High Efficiency in OLEDs
Authors: Lee Taehwan , Jang Jee‐Hun , Nguyen Nhi Ngoc Tuyet , Jung Jaehoon , Lee Jeong‐Hwan , Lee Min Hyung 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA novel class of o‐carboranyl luminophores, 2CB‐BuDABNA (1) and 3CB‐BuDABNA (2) is reported, in which o‐carborane moieties are incorporated at the periphery of the B,N‐doped multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) core. Both compounds maintain the inherent local emission characteristics of their MR‐emitting core, exhibiting intense MR‐TADF with high photoluminescence quantum yields in toluene and rigid states. In contrast, the presence of the dark lowest‐energy charge transfer state, induced by cage rotation in THF, is suggested to be responsible for emission quenching in a polar solvent. Despite the different arrangement of the cage on the DABNA core, both 1 and 2 show red‐shifted emissions compared to the parent compound BuDABNA (3). By utilizing 1 as the emitter, high‐efficiency blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are achieved with a remarkable maximum external quantum efficiency of 25%, representing the highest reported efficiency for OLEDs employing an o‐carboranyl luminophore as the emitter.
The co‐occurrence of food insecurity and other hardships in Australia
Authors: Botha Ferdi , Ribar David C. , Maitra Chandana , Wilkins Roger 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFood insecurity has many causes, including insufficient incomes, competing expenditure needs, and inadequate facilities to store and prepare food. The characteristics that contribute to food insecurity may also contribute to other co‐occurring hardships. This article examines people's experiences of food insecurity, poor financial wellbeing, poor physical health and long‐term disability, low social support, inadequate economic resources, and housing stress, using 2020 data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. It finds that food insecurity typically co‐occurs with other hardships. Nearly two‐thirds of food‐insecure Australians experience another hardship, and just under one‐third experience multiple other hardships.
Determination of Stokes Vector from a Single Image Acquisition
Authors: Kamegaki Shuji , Ryu Meguya , Ng Soon Hock , Mizeikis Vygantas , Blamires Sean J. , Juodkazis Saulius , Morikawa Junko 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFour Stokes parameters (1852) define the polarization state of light. Measured changes of the Stokes vector of light traversing an inhomogeneous sample are linked to the local anisotropies of absorption and refraction and are harnessed over an increasing range of applications in photonics, material, and space/earth observation. Several independent polarization sensitive measurements are usually required for determination of the all four Stokes parameters, which makes such characterization procedure time‐consuming or requires complex setups. Here, a single‐snapshot approach to Stokes polarimetry in transmission is introduced by use of a four‐polarization camera with the on‐chip integrated polarizers. A quarter‐waveplate is added in front of the sample and is illuminated by a linearly polarized light. This approach is demonstrated by measuring birefringence of spider silk of only m‐diameter using microscopy, however, due to its generic nature, it is transferable to other spectral ranges and imaging applications, e.g., imaging from a fast moving satellite or drone or monitoring fast changing events such as phase transitions.
Photocatalytic H2 Generation: Controlled and Optimized Dispersion of Single Atom Co‐Catalysts Based on Pt‐TCPP Planar Adsorption on TiO2
Authors: Qin Shanshan , Denisov Nikita , Kim Hyesung , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhen using single atoms (SAs) as a co‐catalyst in photocatalytic H2 generation, achieving a well‐dispersed, evenly distributed and adjustable SA surface density on a semiconductor surface is a challenging task. In the present work we use the planar adsorption of tetrakis‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐porphyrin (TCPP) and its platinum coordinated analogue, Pt‐TCPP, onto anatase TiO2 surfaces to establish a spatially controlled decoration of SAs. We show that the surface Pt SA density can be very well controlled by co‐adsorption of Pt‐TCPP and TCPP in the planar monolayer regime, and by adjusting the Pt‐TCPP to TCPP ratio a desired well dispersed surface density of SAs up to 2.6×105 atoms μm−2 can be established (which is the most effective Pt SA loading for photocatalysis). This distribution and the SA state are maintained after a thermal treatment in air, and an optimized SA density as well as a most active form of Pt for photocatalytic H2 evolution can be established and maintained.
Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, molecular docking simulation, and antitumor assays of nanometric complexes based on new thiazole Schiff base derivative
Authors: Khedr Abdalla M. , El‐Ghamry Hoda A. , Wahdan Khalid M. , Mandour Hamada S. A. 
Published: January 2024

For further pharmaceutical applications, a novel Schiff base derivative of aminothiazole and its Co (II), Cu (II), Zn (II), and Th (IV) chelates were designed and prepared. For this purpose, 2‐aminothiazole and 2,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde have been coupled before the complexation reaction with the metal salts. Elemental analysis, FT‐IR, 1HNMR, UV–Vis spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), molar conductance, and magnetic moment measurements were used to determine the structural formula of the ligand and its produced chelates. The acquired data pointed out that the ligand was chelated with metal through the nitrogen of azo group and deprotonated ortho phenolic oxygen atoms. In Cu (II) complex the copper ion chelated with two ligand molecules, whereas in other complexes the metal binds with one molecule only of ligand. It was shown by XRD patterns and high‐resolution TEM images that the complex particles had a uniform distribution across the chelates' surfaces and were nanometric in size. Extremely, antimicrobial and anticancer activity for the prepared ligand and complexes were investigated, which showed high activity, especially after complex formation. Docking studies have been performed to predict the compounds' efficacy as antitumor agents through their interaction with the co‐crystal structure of proteins for breast cancer cells (PDB ID: 3S7S) and protein of liver cancer 2 (PDB ID: 2JW2). The experimental results of the anticancer activity showed promising results, especially for Cu (II) compound which exhibited the greatest antitumor efficacy (IC50 = 12.81 μg/ml) contra HepG‐2 carcinoma and Mcf‐7 cells (IC50 = 18.92 ± 0.91 μg/ml). Antimicrobial activity against the strains Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), C. albicans (C. albicans), and Aspergillus niger (A. niger) also gave very promising results when it is compared with the standard drugs.
MXene/PDMS composite foam with regulatable cell structures for improved EMI shielding performance
Authors: Sima Haofei , Liu Bo , Cheng Chunzu , Zhang Chunling 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe construction of conductive network and the design of material structure are the key points of polymer‐based shielding materials. Herein, we reported a MXene/PDMS composite foam material with adjustable cell structure and high efficiency electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Few‐layered MXene is used as a conductive filler to construct three‐dimensional conductive networks by in situ chemical etching. Meanwhile, a series of polystyrene microspheres with different sizes were prepared by applying suspension polymerization method as templates to introduce different cell sizes and densities for PDMS‐based materials. The density and EMI shielding performance of composites can be improved by adjusting the cell structure. Compared with the unfoamed MXene/PDMS composites, the composite foam in this work not only reduces the material density greatly but also improves the microwave absorption performance with smaller cell size. This method provides a simple and effective guide for changing material density and absorbing mechanism by introducing cell structure into polymer‐based materials in the future.
Enhanced mechanical properties of epoxy composites using cellulose micro‐ and nano‐crystals
Authors: Semaan Patricia , Zahran Abraham , Schlapp‐Hackl Inge , Tehrani‐Bagha Ali R. , Mustapha Samir 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEpoxy polymers are commonly utilized in structural applications due to their high bearing capacity and excellent chemical resistance. However, their inherent brittleness poses a significant challenge for their use in high shock and fracture strength products. To address this shortcoming, fillers can be incorporated into the polymer during preparation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of incorporating cellulose‐based fillers, namely cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), on the mechanical properties of epoxy polymer composites. The study evaluated the impact of various factors, including filler concentration, particle size, and moisture content, on the mechanical properties of the composites. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of CNC or MCC powders at concentrations below 5% could enhance the mechanical properties of the resulting epoxy composites without adversely affecting their surface and thermal properties. The maximum tensile strength and fracture toughness of the filler‐based epoxy composites were achieved at 2 and 4 wt% for CNCs and MCC, respectively. CNCs with a smaller particle size distribution were found to be much more effective than MCC in improving the mechanical properties of the epoxy composites. Furthermore, utilizing dried fillers resulted in a higher improvement in tensile strength, which was achieved at lower filler concentrations.
Reactive oxygen species may cause amyloid beta aggregation by free radical polymerization
Authors: Majid Abdul , Garg Sanjeev 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is closely related to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A kinetic model based on free radical polymerization of amyloid beta (Aβ) utilizing ROS as an initiator is proposed. Kinetic parameters involved in the model are tuned with the reported experimental data on fibril molecular weight. The tuned model is used to simulate time evolution of fibril length and polydispersity of Aβ aggregates. The simulated values are compared with the reported experimental values for these fibril properties. A good agreement is observed between the model simulated fibril properties and the reported experimental data. This supports the hypothesis of ROS as the cause of Aβ aggregation using the free radical polymerization. The proposed model is also able to predict the sigmoidal growth of fibrils at different set of parameter values. Sensitivity analysis has been performed to check the reliability of the proposed model. It is envisaged that the proposed model will be helpful to elucidate ROS‐based therapeutic strategies for AD treatment in near future.
Quantification of the invasiveness risk of non‐native macroalgae in the Azores to support conservation measures
Authors: Gabriel Daniela , Martins Beatriz , Ribeiro Cláudia , Vilizzi Lorenzo , Ferreira Ana Isabel , Fredericq Suzanne , Calado Helena 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Non‐native species (NNS) might become invasive and threaten biodiversity, economy and public health. Therefore, it is essential that their invasiveness risk be quantified to support conservation measures.
The Azores, located in the mid‐northern Atlantic, is the crossroad of macroalgal native distributions and also present almost three times the global ratio of macroalgae reported as NNS.
Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit, a decision‐support tool consisting of 49 questions for the Basic Risk Assessment (BRA) and six for the Climate Change Assessment (CCA), was applied to the 42 marine macroalgae classified as NNS in the Azores.
The results indicate that 21 species pose a medium risk of becoming invasive, and 15 present a high risk under current climate conditions (BRA scores only). The combined BRA + CCA scores show that Laurencia dendroidea poses a high risk instead of a medium risk.
Thirty‐three Rhodophyta species were screened, with 10 (BRA) and 11 (BRA + CCA) classified as high risk. All four Chlorophyta species ranked as high risk. Only one of the five Ochrophyta species was classified as high risk, namely Rugulopteryx okamurae, one of the most invasive species in European waters.
High‐risk species are present in all islands, likely spread by the continuous maritime traffic between islands. Six of the high‐risk species are restricted to single islands (BRA and BRA + CCA scores), and efforts should be made to contain their further expansion. Asparagopsis armata, a species introduced in Europe in the 1920s, is the only high‐risk species present in all islands.
Conservation measures for prevention, monitoring and control of NNS are proposed for the different islands of the Azores, including regulation of introduction pathways, prospection of areas with high risk of invasion, risk screening, eradication and containment of NNS. The involvement of stakeholders and maritime workers is also recommended.
Employment benefits across U.S. allopathic medical schools: National norms and relationships with institutional wealth
Authors: Goldberg Brian J. , Ferrigno Christopher , Schundler Sabrina F. , Norrell Eric S. , Fox Leah , Woods Sabrina , Wilson Adam B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study summarizes employment benefits from across 155 U.S. allopathic medical schools, investigates differences in employment benefits according to institutional characteristics, and explores possible connections between employment benefits and institutional wealth. Employment benefits data were extracted from institutions’ websites across four categories: time‐off, time‐away, retirement contributions, and Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs)/family benefits. This dataset was mixed with other publicly available datasets sourced through the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), the American Council on Education (ACE), and the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) to conduct additional analyses. Nationally, medical schools offered an average of 31 vacation/sick days and 12 paid holidays. Schools typically offered 4 out of 8 time‐away benefits. Employers' retirement contributions ranged from 3.0% to 15.5%, with a mean contribution of 8.5%. A total of 43.2% (67 of 155) of medical schools offered a pension. Collectively, private medical schools offered fewer time‐away benefits and more EAP/family benefits compared to public schools. Universities with larger endowments per student were associated with a higher number of EAP/family benefits offerings (r = 0.543, p < 0.001). Institutional wealth did not influence other benefits offerings. The quantity/quality of most employment benefits offered at allopathic medical schools were wide‐ranging, tended not to vary by region or school control, and were not a function of institutional wealth.
Ligand‐ and metal‐exchange reactions of robust nickel complexes with pentagonal bipyramidal structures
Authors: Ikemoto Koki , Miyachi Akira , Yang Seungmin , Isobe Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe coordination chemistries of transition metal complexes with pentagonal bipyramidal geometries were investigated, and the highly stable nature of a cyclic pentapyridyl ligand was disclosed. A NiCl2 complex with the pentapyridyl ligand was found to be stable toward water and acidic conditions. The stable complex underwent ligand‐exchange reactions with nucleophilic reagents, and a series of pentagonal bipyramidal complexes with different apical ligands was prepared. Crystallographic analyses with the aid of theoretical calculations revealed that the complexes were constructed by electrostatic threading of a divalent linear nickel complex into the ring of the neutral, cyclic pentapyridyl, which resulted in robust water‐ and acid‐resistant complexes with unique pentagonal bipyramidal structures. A reductive metal exchange reaction was then discovered, which enabled “linear divalent metal + electrostatic ring” formulations with different metal atoms.
Changing perspectives on autism: Overlapping contributions of evolutionary psychiatry and the neurodiversity movement
Authors: Hunt Adam D. , Procyshyn Tanya L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPerspectives on autism and psychiatric conditions are affected by a mix of scientific and social influences. Evolutionary psychiatry (EP) and the neurodiversity movement are emerging paradigms that reflect these distinct influences, with the former grounded in scientific theory and the latter driven by political and social principles. Despite their separate foundations, there is a significant overlap between EP and neurodiversity that has not been explored. Specifically, both paradigms reframe disorders as natural cognitive differences rather than disease; expand the concept of “normal” beyond that implied in modern psychiatry; focus on relative strengths; recognize that modern environments disadvantage certain individuals to cause functional impairment; emphasize cognitive variation being socially accommodated and integrated rather than treated or cured; and can help reduce stigmatization. However, in other ways, they are distinct and sometimes in conflict. EP emphasizes scientific explanation, defines “dysfunction” in objective terms, and differentiates heterogenous cases based on underlying causes (e.g. autism due to de novo genetic mutations). The neurodiversity movement emphasizes social action, removes barriers to inclusion, promotes inclusive language, and allows unrestricted identification as neurodivergent. By comparing and contrasting these two approaches, we find that EP can, to some extent, support the goals of neurodiversity. In particular, EP perspectives could be convincing to groups more responsive to scientific evidence and help achieve a middle ground between neurodiversity advocates and critics of the movement.
Verkehrsfreigabe der RB Schierstein, ein umweltgerechtes und nachhaltiges Bauwerk
Authors: Dieter Alwin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAm 13. August 2023 wurde der zweite Überbau der Rheinbrücke Schierstein durch Bundesminister Volker Wissing für den Verkehr freigegeben. Die mit 1285 m längste hessische Straßenbrücke über den Rhein verbindet die Landeshauptstädte Wiesbaden und Mainz. Diese Brücke hat eine bedeutende Funktion bei der Erschließung der Wirtschaftsräume Hessen und Rheinland‐Pfalz. Das Bauwerk bildet als Bestandteil der A643 mit der A60 ab Dreieck Mainz zusammen mit den Bundesautobahnen A671 und A66 den sog. Mainzer Ring. Die Erfüllung der besonderen Randbedingungen hinsichtlich Naturschutz, Gestaltung, Robustheit, Unterhaltung, Verkehr, Montage und Wirtschaftlichkeit stellte höchste Anforderungen an alle Beteiligten. Der folgende Beitrag erläutert die ergriffenen Maßnahmen zur Umsetzung dieser Vorgaben.
A desthiobiotin labelled NAD+ analogue to uncover Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 protein targets
Authors: Rieth Sonja , Spliesgar Daniel , Orth Jan , Lehner Maike , Kasprzyk Renata , Stengel Florian , Marx Andreas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractADP‐ribosylation is a post‐translational modification catalyzed by the enzyme family of polyadenosine diphosphate (ADP)‐ribose) polymerases (PARPs). This enzymatic process involves the transfer of single or multiple ADP‐ribose molecules onto proteins, utilizing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a substrate. It, thus, plays a pivotal role in regulating various biological processes. Unveiling PARP‐selective protein targets is crucial for a better understanding of their biological functions. Nonetheless, this task proves challenging due to overlapping targets shared among PARP family members. Therefore, we applied the “bump‐and‐hole” strategy to modify the nicotinamide binding site of PARP1 by introducing a hydrophobic pocket (“hole”). This PARP1‐mutant binds an orthogonal NAD+ (Et‐DTB‐NAD+) containing an ethyl group (“bump”) at the nicotinamide moiety. Furthermore, we added a desthiobiotin (DTB) tag directly to the adenosine moiety, enabling affinity enrichment of ADP‐ribosylated proteins. Employing this approach, we successfully identified protein targets modified by PARP1 in cell lysate. This strategy expands the arsenal of chemically modified NAD+ analogs available for studying ADP‐ribosylation, providing a powerful tool to study these critical post‐translational modifications.