bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyper‐crosslinked Isoporous Block Copolymer Membranes with Robust Solvent Resistance and Customized Pore Sizes for Precise Separation
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Shu Zhe , Wei Hongxing , Yan Wentao , Yi Zhuan , Gao Congjie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIsoporous block copolymer membranes are viewed as the next‐generation separation membranes for their unique structures and urgent application in precise separation. However, an obvious weakness for such membranes is their poor solvent‐resistance which limits their applications to aqueous solution, and isoporous membranes with superior solvent‐resistance and tunable pore size have been rarely prepared before. Herein, self‐supporting isoporous membranes with excellent solvent resistance are prepared by the facile yet robust hyper‐crosslinking approach which is able to create a rigid network in whole membranes. The hyper‐crosslinking is found to be a novel and non‐destructive approach that does not change pore size and isoporous structure during the reaction, and the resulting hyper‐crosslinked isoporous membranes display superior structural and separation stability to a broad range of solvents with varied polarities for months to years. More importantly, hyper‐crosslinking has proved to be a universal strategy that is applicable to isoporous membranes with varied pore size and pore chemistry, offering an important opportunity to prepare solvent‐resistant isoporous membranes with customizable pore size and pore functionality that are important to realize their accurate separations in organic solvents. This concept is demonstrated finally by precise and on‐demand separation of nanoparticles with the prepared membranes.
On the sustainability of deep learning projects: Maintainers' perspective
Authors: Han Junxiao , Liu Jiakun , Lo David , Zhi Chen , Chen Yishan , Deng Shuiguang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDeep learning (DL) techniques have grown in leaps and bounds in both academia and industry over the past few years. Despite the growth of DL projects, there has been little study on how DL projects evolve, whether maintainers in this domain encounter a dramatic increase in workload and whether or not existing maintainers can guarantee the sustained development of projects. To address this gap, we perform an empirical study to investigate the sustainability of DL projects, understand maintainers' workloads and workloads growth in DL projects, and compare them with traditional open‐source software (OSS) projects. In this regard, we first investigate how DL projects grow, then, understand maintainers' workload in DL projects, and explore the workload growth of maintainers as DL projects evolve. After that, we mine the relationships between maintainers' activities and the sustainability of DL projects. Eventually, we compare it with traditional OSS projects. Our study unveils that although DL projects show increasing trends in most activities, maintainers' workloads present a decreasing trend. Meanwhile, the proportion of workload maintainers conducted in DL projects is significantly lower than in traditional OSS projects. Moreover, there are positive and moderate correlations between the sustainability of DL projects and the number of maintainers' releases, pushes, and merged pull requests. Our findings shed lights that help understand maintainers' workload and growth trends in DL and traditional OSS projects and also highlight actionable directions for organizations, maintainers, and researchers.
Evidence for the evolutionary history and diversity of fossil sweetgums: leaves and associated capitate reproductive structures of Liquidambar from the Eocene of Hainan Island, South China
Authors: Maslova Natalia P. , Kodrul Tatiana M. , Kachkina Vasilisa V. , Hofmann Christa‐Charlotte , Xu Sheng‐Lan , Liu Xiao‐Yan , Jin Jian‐Hua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExtant species of Liquidambar L. exhibit a disjunct distribution between western and eastern Asia and eastern North America to Central America, with the highest species diversity being in China. In this study, two new species of Liquidambar are described from the Eocene of Hainan Island, South China: L. hainanensis on basis of the leaf fossils, and L. ovoidea based on compressions of infructescences. The co‐occurrences of L. hainanensis leaves, associated infructescences of L. ovoidea and dispersed pantoporate pollen grains have the combination of morphological features peculiar to the genera Liquidambar and former Semiliquidambar and Altingia. This is considered further palaeobotanical justification for the placement of these three genera into a single genus, Liquidambar, proposed earlier based on molecular markers. Our data provide evidence for the occurrence of an ancestral polymorphic group of Liquidambar species (L. maomingensis with associated capitate infructescences, L. bella, L. hainanensis and L. ovoidea) during the Eocene in South China, and corroborate the view that South China could have been a centre of Liquidambar speciation during the Eocene. The morphological similarity of L. hainanensis leaves to those of the extant species L. orientalis from Western Asia and the North American L. styraciflua may support the importance of both the North Atlantic Land Bridge and the Bering Land Bridge for the dispersal of Liquidambar. Analysis of fossil species of Liquidambar from eastern Asia also contributes to further understanding of patterns in the taxonomic diversity and evolutionary history of this genus.
Navigating the polycrisis—governing for transformation: The 2024 agenda for the systems community
Authors: Klein Louis , Buckle Pamela , Nguyen Nam , Preiser Rika , Ison Ray 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe challenges of the Anthropocene were pre‐empted by systems scholars in the exposition of the ‘global problematique’ and are now made manifest in what systems scholars called the polycrisis. These framings alert us to our human circumstances but to date, have done little to transform our manners of being and doing, as the polycrisis is an outcome of a profound governance crisis. Ongoing reflections, building on the framing offered by the global problematique, in the IFSR Conversations in 2023 addressed these issues. Advocating for more epistemological transparency in systems research was a major theme to emerge. Widening the gaze and embracing the full capacity of the cybersystemic perspective of systems research seeks to allow IFSR members, and cybersystemic scholars more generally, to harness their understandings and praxes to bring fresh momentum to navigating the polycrisis and governing for transformation.
Concurrences and the Planetary Emergency: Ursula K. Le Guin in the Capitalocene
Authors: Höglund Johan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUrsula Le Guin’s prescient 1971 novelThe Lathe of Heavenenvisions a multitude of utopian or dystopian futures made real by dreams its protagonist is made to have by a manipulating psychologist. The chapter analyzes these layered futures with the help of Gunlög Fur’s conceptconcurrences(2017) and Kyle Whyte’s observation that Western speculative writing frequently leaves humanity in dystopian and postapocalyptic futures “that erase Indigenous peoples’ perspectives” (2017, 225). The chapter argues that LeGuin’s vision resists the simplistic and single dystopian vision common in normative climate narratives while at the same time centering the ongoing history of colonialism. The ending of the novel thus envisions a radically multifaceted, concurrent, and imperfect future lived in a world made up as much of hope as of ruins.
Nurse-based counselling on thirst in patients with advanced chronic heart failure
Authors: Wefer Franziska , Möhler Ralph , Dichter Martin N. , Mühring Andrea , Gummert Jan , Köpke Sascha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Many patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are critically ill and experience increased thirst. Study aims are to develop and evaluate a nurse-based counselling intervention to promote self-care competencies related to thirst in hospitalised patients with advanced CHF eligible or listed for heart transplantation.

Methods
A mixed-methods approach will be adapted with three study phases: (1) development of the nurse-based counselling intervention, (2) feasibility testing and training of nurses, and (3) implementation of the intervention and, evaluation of initial effects and process measures. In phase (1), interviews with hospitalised patients with advanced CHF listed for heart transplantation (n = 10), focus groups (n = 2) and a Germany-wide survey with nurses will be performed. In phase (2), experts experienced with caring for patients with advanced CHF and patients with advanced CHF will be consulted for content validation and pretest of the counselling intervention. The training concept for nurses will be evaluated using questionnaires. In phase (3), a pilot before–after study will be conducted (n = 60). Primary patient-related outcome for the pilot study is thirst intensity using a numeric rating scale. Furthermore, a process evaluation (interviews with patients [n = 10], survey with nurses and physicians) will be performed. Quantitative data will be analysed descriptively, and qualitative data will be analysed using content analysis. Mean values of thirst intensity of the individual measurement points will be evaluated as interrupted time-series analysis using regression analyses.

Conclusion
The development and implementation of a counselling intervention is influenced by various factors. Therefore, it is important to consider all factors throughout the process from development to evaluation.
Demenz mit Lewy-Körpern: alte und neue Erkenntnisse – Teil 2: Behandlung
Authors: Dodel Richard , Berg Daniela , Duning Thomas , Kalbe Elke , Meyer Philipp T. , Ramirez Alfredo , Storch Alexander , Aarsland Dag , Jessen Frank 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Behandlung von Patienten mit Demenz mit Lewy-Körpern (DLK) ist vielschichtig, da motorische Symptome, kognitive Symptome und Verhaltens- und psychische Symptome in unterschiedlichen Konstellationen auftreten können. Zudem ist der Einsatz bestimmter Medikamente nur bedingt möglich (z. B. Neuroleptika).

Ziel der Arbeit
In diesem Übersichtsartikel sollen die wichtigsten neuen Erkenntnisse zur Behandlung der DLK zusammengetragen werden.

Ergebnisse
Bisher existiert in Deutschland keine zugelassene Therapieoption für die Behandlung der Patienten mit DLK; die Evidenzbasis für die pharmakologischen und nichtpharmakologischen Behandlungsoptionen ist zudem dürftig. Die derzeit konsentierten Therapieansätze stützen sich auf die Behandlung der motorischen Symptome in Anlehnung an die Therapie bei der Parkinson-Krankheit und bei den Verhaltenssymptomen an die Therapie der Alzheimer-Krankheit.

Diskussion
Die Behandlung der DLK mit ihren verschiedenartigen Symptomen ist schwierig und oftmals erst in enger fachärztlicher Zusammenarbeit adäquat für den Patienten zu erreichen.
Hofer geometry via toric degeneration
Authors: Kawamoto Yusuke 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe main theme of this paper is to use toric degeneration to study Hofer geometry by producing distinct homogeneous quasimorphisms on the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms. We focus on the (complex n-dimensional) quadric hypersurface and the del Pezzo surfaces, and study two classes of distinguished Lagrangian submanifolds that appear naturally in a toric degeneration, namely the Lagrangian torus which is the monotone fiber of a Lagrangian torus fibration, and the Lagrangian spheres that appear as vanishing cycles. For the quadrics, we prove that the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms admits two distinct homogeneous quasimorphisms and derive some superheaviness results. Along the way, we show that the toric degeneration is compatible with the Biran decomposition. This implies that for $$n=2$$

n
=
2

, the Lagrangian fiber torus (Gelfand–Zeitlin torus) is Hamiltonian isotopic to the Chekanov torus, which answers a question of Y. Kim. We prove analogous results for the del Pezzo surfaces. We also discuss applications to $$C^0$$

C
0

symplectic topology.
Unusual pediatric lung infections: imaging findings
Authors: Plut Domen , Winant Abbey J. , Mahomed Nasreen , Sodhi Kushaljit Singh , Kasznia-Brown Joanna , Williams-Weekes Terri , Daltro Pedro , Das Karuna M. , Lee Edward Y. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPediatric lung infections continue to be a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Although both pediatric and general radiologists are familiar with typical lung infections and their imaging findings in children, relatively rare lung infections continue to present a diagnostic challenge. In addition, the advances in radiological imaging and emergence of several new lung infections in recent years facilitated the need for up-to-date knowledge on this topic. In this review article, we discuss the imaging findings of pediatric lung infections caused by unusual/uncommon and new pathogens. We review the epidemiological, clinical, and radiological imaging findings of viral (coronavirus disease 2019, Middle East respiratory syndrome, bird flu), bacterial (Streptococcus anginosus, Francisella tularensis, Chlamydia psittaci), and parasitic lung infections (echinococcosis, paragonimiasis, amoebiasis). Additional disorders whose clinical course and imaging findings may mimic lung infections in children (hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary hemorrhage, eosinophilic pneumonia) are also presented, to aid in differential diagnosis. As the clinical presentation of children with new and unusual lung infections is often non-specific, imaging evaluation plays an important role in initial detection, follow-up for disease progression, and assessment of potential complications.
Graphical Abstract
Testing presence of directionality information in female spider silk trails through male trail-following behavior
Authors: Beyer Michelle , Uludag Kardelen Özgün , Lailler Maylis , Wolff Jonas O. , Eberhard Monika J. B. , Czaczkes Tomer J. , Tuni Cristina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Mate search is challenging for solitary species. Trails represent a particularly potent, target-oriented means for finding mates, as trail-following increases encounter rates between individuals compared to random search. Embedding directionality information into the trail allows individuals to follow trails correctly to the source. Yet, directionality remains poorly understood. Spiders deposit trails during locomotion consisting of silk lines and substrate-borne chemicals. We conducted multiple experiments to test whether female silk trails convey directionality information, whether directionality is chemically or structurally encoded and depends on female phenotype. We also examined whether males interact with silk in a way that suggests information gathering. We exposed males of the cursorial spider Pisaura mirabilis to female trails deposited unidirectionally and scored their trail-following direction (i.e., same as or opposite to the females’). Tests were repeated after washing trails with a solvent to remove putative chemicals and by sourcing silk from females of different feeding regimes. While we found little evidence for male directional trail-following, we did find that unwashed trails were more likely to be followed than washed trails. Similarly, trails of relatively larger females were more likely to be followed correctly than those of smaller females. Males extensively probed and pulled on silk lines with their appendages, suggesting the gathering of chemical and tactile information. Taken together, results suggest that directional trail-following is selected only under specific contexts in this species. Chemical attributes of trails may convey information on female quality, with directional trail-following reflecting male mate choice in a system characterized by costly male nuptial gifts.

Significance statement
In the context of male mate search, following conspecific trails increases the chances of encountering a mating partner, especially if trails provide information about the direction the conspecific went. Yet, trail directionality remains poorly understood. Female spiders deposit silk trails as they walk. We overall show that males follow trails directionally only under a specific context. Males were more likely to follow correctly when trails were unmanipulated (compared to being washed with solvents to remove chemicals) and when they were deposited by relatively larger females (compared to smaller ones). Chemical attributes of trails may potentially indicate directionality, while decoding movement direction from trails of larger females may reflect male preferences for females of higher reproductive value.
Microbiome dynamics of soils covered by plastic and bioplastic mulches
Authors: Santini Giorgia , Probst Maraike , Gómez-Brandón María , Manfredi Carla , Ceccherini Maria Teresa , Pietramellara Giacomo , Santorufo Lucia , Maisto Giulia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, the use of plastic mulch in agriculture has largely increased to meet the growing demand for food. Despite their potential benefits, it is still unknown the long-term impact of mulches on soil microbiome. In this study, we compared at a mesocosm level the effects of polyethylene (Plastic) and Mater-bi® (Bioplastic) mulches on the soil physico-chemical (i.e., pH, soil water content, Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection-FTIR), microbiological, and biochemical (i.e., microbial respiration, enzymatic activities, abundances and composition of bacterial, fungal and microarthropod communities) properties after 6 and 12 months. The analysis of the microbiome revealed an increase in bacterial richness and diversity in the 12-month-treated bioplastic soils. Members ofSolirubrobacterales,Vicinamibacterales,Nitrososphaerales,Crenarchaeota, andClostridialeswere the most abundant following the bioplastic treatment. While the fungal and microarthropod communities varied over time, neither of them was affected by the type of mulching. Further longer-term research is needed to clarify the impact of bioplastic and plastic mulches on the soil microbiome, including microarthropods, and its dynamics over time.
Cardiac optogenetics: shining light on signaling pathways
Authors: Leemann Siri , Schneider-Warme Franziska , Kleinlogel Sonja 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the early 2000s, the field of neuroscience experienced a groundbreaking transformation with the advent of optogenetics. This innovative technique harnesses the properties of naturally occurring and genetically engineered rhodopsins to confer light sensitivity upon target cells. The remarkable spatiotemporal precision offered by optogenetics has provided researchers with unprecedented opportunities to dissect cellular physiology, leading to an entirely new level of investigation. Initially revolutionizing neuroscience, optogenetics quickly piqued the interest of the wider scientific community, and optogenetic applications were expanded to cardiovascular research. Over the past decade, researchers have employed various optical tools to observe, regulate, and steer the membrane potential of excitable cells in the heart. Despite these advancements, achieving control over specific signaling pathways within the heart has remained an elusive goal. Here, we review the optogenetic tools suitable to control cardiac signaling pathways with a focus on GPCR signaling, and delineate potential applications for studying these pathways, both in healthy and diseased hearts. By shedding light on these exciting developments, we hope to contribute to the ongoing progress in basic cardiac research to facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic possibilities for treating cardiovascular pathologies.
Molecular and histopathological characterization of seminoma patients with highly elevated human chorionic gonadotropin levels in the serum
Authors: Seidel Christoph , Paulsen Finn-Ole , Nestler Tim , Cathomas Richard , Hentrich Marcus , Paffenholz Pia , Bokemeyer Carsten , Heidenreich Axel , Nettersheim Daniel , Bremmer Felix 
Published: December 2023

AbstractApproximately 30% of seminoma (SEM) patients present with moderately elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels at first diagnosis. In case of high hCG serum levels, the presence of a non-SEM component, i.e. choriocarcinoma (CC), may be assumed. To characterize cases described as pure seminoma with high serum hCG levels, tissue samples and DNA were analyzed. Patient files from an international registry were screened for patients with SEM and extraordinarily high hCG serum levels. IHC and qRT-PCR analysis was performed for markers of SEM, embryonal carcinoma (EC) and CC/trophoblast cells. The cell lines TCam-2 (SEM), 2102EP, NCCIT, NT2/D1 (EC) and JAR, JEG3 and BeWo (CC) were included for comparison. Of 1031 SEM patients screened, 39 patients (3.7%) showed hCG serum levels > 1000 U/l. Of these, tumor material for IHC and RNA for qRT-PCR was available from n = 7 patients and n = 3 patients, respectively. Median pre-orchiectomy serum hCG level was 5356 U/l (range: 1224–40909 U/L). Histopathologically, all investigated samples were classified as SEM with syncytiotrophoblast sub-populations. SEM cells were SALL4+ / OCT3/4+ / D2-40+, while syncytiotrophoblast cells were hCG+ / GATA3+ / p63+ and SOX2−/CDX2−. qRT-PCR analysis detected trophoblast stem cell markers CDX2, EOMES and TFAP2C as well as the trophectoderm-specifier TEAD4, but not GATA3. Additionally, SOX17 and PRAME, but not SOX2, were detected, confirming the pure SEM-like gene expression signature of the analyzed samples. In conclusion, excessively increased hCG serum levels can appear in patients with pure SEM. To explain detectable hCG serum levels, it is important to diagnose the subtype of a SEM with syncytiotrophoblasts.
Body size mediates latitudinal population differences in the response to chytrid fungus infection in two amphibians
Authors: Meurling Sara , Siljestam Mattias , Cortazar-Chinarro Maria , Åhlen David , Rödin-Mörch Patrik , Ågren Erik , Höglund Jacob , Laurila Anssi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFactors behind intraspecific variation in sensitivity to pathogens remain poorly understood. We investigated how geographical origin in two North European amphibians affects tolerance to infection by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a generalist pathogen which has caused amphibian population declines worldwide. We exposed newly metamorphosed individuals of moor frog Rana arvalis and common toad Bufo bufo from two latitudinal regions to two different BdGPL strains. We measured survival and growth as infections may cause sub-lethal effects in fitness components even in the absence of mortality. Infection loads were higher in B. bufo than in R. arvalis, and smaller individuals had generally higher infection loads. B. bufo had high mortality in response to Bd infection, whereas there was little mortality in R. arvalis. Bd-mediated mortality was size-dependent and high-latitude individuals were smaller leading to high mortality in the northern B. bufo. Bd exposure led to sub-lethal effects in terms of reduced growth suggesting that individuals surviving the infection may have reduced fitness mediated by smaller body size. In both host species, the Swedish Bd strain caused stronger sublethal effects than the British strain. We suggest that high-latitude populations can be more vulnerable to chytrids than those from lower latitudes and discuss the possible mechanisms how body size and host geographical origin contribute to the present results.