bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical investigation on the magnetic and electronic properties of Sr2BMoO6 (B = Fe, Co)
Authors: Xiang H. P. , Wu Z. J. , Meng J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSr2FeMoO6 and Sr2CoMoO6 were studied by use of density functional theory. For tetragonal and cubic Sr2FeMoO6, band structure and density of states show a slightly different pattern. Both crystal systems are ferrimagnetic and half‐metallic, in agreement with previous theoretical studies by diverse methods. Energy calculation indicates that the tetragonal phase is more stable than its cubic analogue by 43 meV. The energy gap in the up‐spin channel is an indirect one with band gap 0.80 eV in tetragonal and 0.85 eV in cubic. For Sr2CoMoO6, half‐metallic is obtained (with an energy gap 1.30 eV in the un‐spin channel), in agreement with previous theoretical study at LSDA level (half‐metallic), but in contrast to the experiment and theoretical study at LSDA+U level in which insulator was obtained. The overlap bond population of Mo–O bond in both compounds is nearly two times larger than that of Fe(Co)–O bond, indicating that Mo–O bond has stronger bond covalency. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The critical behaviors and the phase diagram of the mixed spin‐1/2 and spin‐2 Ising system on the Bethe lattice
Authors: Albayrak Erhan , Yigit Ali 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe thermal behaviors of the order‐parameters and the phase diagram for the coordination numbers withq= 3, 4, 5 and 6 for the mixed spin‐1/2 and spin‐2 Blume–Capel Ising ferrimagnetic system (J< 0) for the nearest‐neighbor interactions is studied on the Bethe lattice by using the exact recursion equations. All the functions of interest, the sublattice magnetizations, quadrupolar‐order parameter, free energy etc., are obtained in terms of these recursion relations. The second‐ and first‐order phase transition lines, therefore the existence of the tricritical points are investigated in detail by studying the thermal variations of the sublattice magnetizations and the free energy and it was found that the system presents tricritical points forq≥ 5, which means that the nonexistence of the triciritcal point forq= 4 is in agreement with the result of a Monte Carlo simulation and in disagreement with the result of an effective field theory. It should also be mentioned that the system presents two compensation temperatures forq≥ 4, therefore, the lines of the compensation temperatures are also shown in the phase diagrams. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The stability of soft drinks intake from adolescence to adult age and the association between long-term consumption of soft drinks and lifestyle factors and body weight
Authors: Kvaavik Elisabeth , Andersen Lene Frost , Klepp Knut-Inge 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the tracking of sugar-sweetened, carbonated soft drinks intake from age 15 to 33 years and the association between this intake and lifestyle factors and body weight.DesignA longitudinal study with 18–20 years of follow-up. Data about diet, physical activity, smoking and dieting were collected in 1981/1979, 1991 and 1999. Body weight and height were measured in 1981/1979 and self-reported in 1999.SettingOslo, Norway.SubjectsFour hundred and twenty-two men and women.ResultsTracking of soft drinks intake from adolescence into early adulthood (age 25 years) and from early adulthood into later adulthood (33 years) was moderate to high, while tracking from adolescence into later adulthood was low. Comparing those reporting a high intake of soft drinks in both 1991 and 1999 with those reporting a low intake at both times, male long-term high consumers were more likely to smoke (48 vs. 21%,P= 0.002) and reported higher intakes of energy (12.2 vs. 10.2 MJ day−1,P= 0.005) and sugar (142 vs. 50 g day−1,P< 0.001) in 1999 than did long-term low consumers. Women high consumers were less likely to be physically active (14 vs. 42%,P= 0.03) and had higher sugar intake (87 vs. 41 g day−1,P< 0.001) in 1999 than did women low consumers. There were no differences in body mass index, overweight or obesity in 1999 between long-term high and low consumers.ConclusionIn this study, stability of soft drinks intake from age 15 to 25 years and from age 25 to 33 years was moderate to high, while from age 15 to 33 years it was low. Soft drinks intake from age 25 to 33 years was associated with smoking and physical inactivity, but not with body weight.
Who eats four or more servings of fruit and vegetables per day? Multivariate classification tree analysis of data from the 1998 Survey of Lifestyle, Attitudes and Nutrition in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Friel Sharon , Newell John , Kelleher Cecily 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo identify, using the novel application of multivariate classification trees, the socio-economic, sociodemographic and health-related lifestyle behaviour profile of adults who comply with the recommended 4 or more servings per day of fruit and vegetables.DesignCross-sectional 1998 Survey of Lifestyle, Attitudes and Nutrition.SettingCommunity-dwelling adults aged 18 years and over on the Republic of Ireland electoral register.SubjectsSix thousand five hundred and thirty-nine (response rate 62%) adults responded to a self-administered postal questionnaire, including a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire.ResultsThe most important determining factor of compliance with the fruit and vegetable dietary recommendations was gender. A complex constellation of sociodemographic and socio-economic factors emerged for males whereas the important predictors of 4 or more servings of fruit and vegetable consumption among females were strongly socio-economic in nature. A separate algorithm was run to investigate the importance of health-related lifestyle and other dietary factors on compliance with the fruit and vegetable recommendations. Following an initial split on compliance with dairy recommendations, a combination of non-dietary behaviours showed a consistent pattern of healthier options more likely to lead to compliance with fruit and vegetable recommendations. There did, however, appear to be a compensatory element between the variables, particularly around smoking, suggesting the non-existence of an exclusive lifestyle for health risk.ConclusionsMaterial and structural influences matter very much for females in respect to compliance with fruit and vegetable recommendations. For males, while these factors are important they appear to be mediated through other more socially contextual-type factors. Recognition of the role that each of these factors plays in influencing dietary habits of men and women has implications for the manner in which dietary strategies and policies are developed and implemented.
Tortuosity and objective relative accelerations in the theory of porous materials
Authors: Wilmanski Krzysztof 
Published: May 2005

The aim of this work is twofold. We show the construction of an objective relative acceleration for a two-component mixture and prove that its incorporation in the momentum source requires additional terms in partial stresses and in the energy. This may be interpreted as an influence of tortuosity, in the theory of saturated poroelastic materials, and a connection of tortuosity with fluctuations of the kinetic energy on a mesoscopic level of observation. The linearization of such a model yields Biot's equations, used in poroacoustics.
We demonstrate as well, that results for the propagation of acoustic waves in saturated poroelastic media, are qualitatively similar for Biot's model, and for the simple mixture model, in which both the tortuosity and the Biot's coupling between partial stresses are neglected. It is also indicated that the coupling constant of Biot's model obtained by means of the Gassmann relation may be too large, as it leads to very small differences in the speed of propagation of the P1-wave for small and large frequencies, which contradicts the data for soils.
Measures of surgical quality: what will patients know by 2005?
Authors: Broder Michael S. , Payne‐Simon Lisa , Brook Robert H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Many objective measures rating quality of doctors, hospitals, and medical groups are publicly reported. Surgical patients may have more opportunity to use quality measures than other types of patients to guide their choice of provider. If surgical patients are able to choose higher quality providers, overall surgical quality might increase.Objective  To determine what procedure‐specific measures of surgical quality are available to consumers facing surgery in California and what  new  measures  will  be  available  by  2005. Methods  We searched for and surveyed organizations publicly reporting data on health care quality in California. We asked about current quality measures and new measures set for public release by 2005. Included measures had to be procedure‐specific and results separated by hospital. The main outcome measures were the number of quality measures; conceptual aspect of quality measured; and type of risk‐adjustment used.Results  Eighteen organizations publicly report any health care quality measures in California. These organizations report 333 measures, of which 32 (10%) are procedure‐specific measures of surgical quality. There is at least one quality measure for 21 different procedures; these procedures account for 14% of all major operations. Three new  measures  will  be  released  by 2005.Conclusions  Californians facing surgery have limited information regarding quality of their care; few new measures are planned. Eighty‐six per cent of patients would find no quality measures related to planned procedures. Public release of performance data is unlikely to improve the quality of health care unless the number and comprehensiveness of measures increase dramatically.
Evaluation of the Personal Dental Services (Wave 1) for Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham Primary Care Trusts – Part 1: Retrospective analyses of registration data and access issues
Authors: Best Helen , Newton Tim 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAim/objective  The purpose of the study was to undertake analyses of registration data for the personal dental services (PDS) of Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham primary care trusts and relate the analyses to the PDS goal  of  increasing  uptake  of  dental services.Method  Secondary analyses of registration statistics provided by the Dental Practice Board were undertaken for both 1 years pre‐PDS (October 1997 to September 1998) and post‐PDS (October 1998 to March 2003) periods. Three sets of analyses were undertaken to consider different aspects of changing registrations: (1) Absolute numbers of patients registered at each time interval; (2) Rates of change in numbers of patients registered for the entire period after the introduction of PDS; and (3) Rates of change in numbers of patients registered  for  the  most recent 3 years of available data.Results  There was a significant increase in the numbers of children registered under capitation, post‐PDS as compared to the pre‐PDS level (all ages and both genders combined). Post‐PDS, the rate of increase for the children was approximately one additional child per practice per month (0.96, 95% CI 0.41–1.52). Similarly there was a significant trend for increasing adults registrations over time of about two and a half adults per practice per month (2.42, 95% CI 0.90–3.95). There was no evidence of a change in registrations for children or adults in total over the most recent period of 3 years.Conclusions  The analysis of the absolute numbers of registered patients each month indicated that the PDS practices had more children registered than before the implementation of the PDS scheme, but not adults. Overall post‐implementation there was a trend for increasing registrations in both children and adults, but the most recent data indicated a plateau effect. Further consideration of facilitators to achieve PDS goals of improved uptake of services is required, particularly as they relate to local contexts.
Impact of a community pharmacist‐directed clinic in improving screening and awareness of osteoporosis
Authors: Law Anandi V. , Shapiro Karen 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  There is a need to increase screening and awareness of osteoporosis risk in order to prevent fractures and related morbidity. Although one in two women are at risk of developing the condition, only one in five receives bone mineral density screening. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of an osteoporosis screening and awareness programme directed by a pharmacist in the community setting.Methods  The study design to test for improved awareness was a prospective, pre–post trial with no control group. The level of awareness of risk was assessed both before the screening and following an educational intervention on osteoporosis provided in the pharmacy. Based on assessed risk level, a recommendation was made for follow‐up with a doctor for a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan and/or pharmacotherapy. Patients at medium or high risk were also surveyed as to their intention to follow‐up with lifestyle modification recommendations.Results  There was a significant improvement in tested awareness from pre‐ to post‐intervention at 26%; as well in self‐rated awareness. There was also a significant correlation between self‐rated and tested awareness. Participants indicated satisfaction with the pharmacist interaction and with their role in improving awareness. A large percentage of participants indicated that they intended to follow‐up with the pharmacist's recommendation for calcium intake,  exercise  and/or consulting  with their doctor. Conclusion  The results indicate that the community pharmacist can successfully screen individuals for risk of osteoporosis and improve their awareness about steps to prevent or delay fractures.
Changes in mortalities and hospital admissions associated with holidays and respiratory illness: implications for medical services
Authors: Keatinge W. R. , Donaldson G. C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRationale and objectives  To see whether net mortalities increase during and after reductions in medical services, either at average weekends, or at Christmas when pressure from illness is unusually high.Methods  (1) Paired t‐tests to compare mean daily deaths and hospital admissions during and after weekends (Saturday–Tuesday) with means for the week, in south‐east England; (2) Linear regressions to see whether trends of daily deaths change when admissions are reduced at Christmas.Results  Neither mean daily all‐cause, respiratory or ischaemic heart deaths exceeded weekly averages during weekends, or during Saturday–Monday or Saturday–Tuesday, despite falls in daily elective and daily emergency hospital admissions at weekends that averaged 61–72% and 14–22%, respectively. During 19–24 December, daily deaths were above annual means, respiratory deaths by 49% (29, 1–58), but elective admissions fell and although emergency admissions tended to rise, total admissions rose only for respiratory disease, and only by 33% (376, −47 to 799). On Christmas Day (25 December), even emergency admissions fell sharply below previous trends, respiratory emergency admissions by 18% (P < 0.01). Respiratory deaths alone then immediately increased (P < 0.01) above trend, by 5.9% (5.8 deaths/day) on 26 December and by 12.9% (12.9) on 27 December.Conclusions  No adverse effect on mortality was apparent within 2 days from reduction in medical services at weekends. However, respiratory deaths accelerated sharply after reduction in elective and emergency admissions at Christmas, when rates of infection and mortality from respiratory disease were high. Implications for medical services during respiratory epidemics are discussed.
Thymic Transcription of Neurohypophysial and Insulin‐Related Genes: Impact Upon T‐Cell Differentiation and Self‐Tolerance
Authors: Hansenne I. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe thymus is the unique lymphoid organ responsible for the generation of a diverse repertoire of T lymphocytes that are competent against non self‐antigens while being tolerant to self‐antigens. A vast repertoire of neuroendocrine‐related genes is transcribed in the nonlymphoid cellular compartment of the thymus (thymic epithelial cells, dendritic cells and macrophages). The precursors encoded by these genes engage two types of interactions with developing T cells (thymocytes). First, they are not processed in a classical neuroendocrine way but as the source of self‐antigens that are presented to pre‐T cells by the major histocompatibility complex proteins of the thymus. This presentation could be responsible for the establishment of central T‐cell self‐tolerance to neuroendocrine functions. Second, they also deliver signal ligands that are able to bind to neuroendocrine‐type receptors expressed by thymocytes. This interaction activates several types of intracellular signalling pathways implicated in the developmental process of T lymphocytes. Several experimental arguments support a role for thymic dysfunction as a crucial factor in the development of organ‐specific autoimmune endocrinopathies, such as ‘idiopathic’ central diabetes insipidus and type 1 diabetes mellitus. The rational use of tolerogenic neuroendocrine self‐antigens for the prevention/treatment of autoimmune endocrinopathies is currently under investigation.
Involvement of 5‐HT2C Receptors in the Regulation of Food Intake in Siberian Hamsters
Authors: Schuhler S. , Clark A. , Joseph W. , Patel A. , Lehnen K. , Stratford E. , Horan T. L. , Fone K. C. F. , Ebling F. J. P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe Siberian hamster provides a physiological model for understanding the hypothalamic control of energy metabolism as it undergoes annual photoperiod‐regulated cycles of body weight (i.e. fattening in summer, and catabolism of fat stores in winter). As a first step to investigate whether enhanced serotonergic (5‐HT) tone might underlie the catabolic processes in short days, we investigated whether serotonergic stimulation can produce catabolic actions in fat hamsters housed in long days. Acute treatment with the serotonin reuptake inhibitor (+/–) fenfluramine (8 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a prolonged, dose‐dependent reduction in food intake in both photoperiods. Behavioural observations and radiotelemetry analyses revealed that this anorectic effect of fenfluramine was associated with short‐term increases in locomotor activity and in core body temperature. In a subsequent series of studies, hamsters were pretreated with the 5‐HT2C receptor antagonist SB242084 (4 mg/kg, i.p.). This 5‐HT2C receptor antagonist completely blocked the anorectic actions of fenfluramine, but did not decrease the hyperthermia or hyperlocomotion induced by fenfluramine; thus, the anorectic actions of fenfluramine probably reflect actions via the 5‐HT2C receptor. Consistent with these observations, treatment of hamsters with the 5‐HT2C receptor agonist VER 3323 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or the 5‐HT1B/2C receptor agonist mCPP (3 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced food intake. The response to manipulation of serotonergic pathways was not affected by the ambient photoperiod in any of these studies. We conclude that the anorectic actions of fenfluramine are not an indirect consequence of serotonergic actions on arousal pathways, and that its actions on feeding in the Siberian hamster are most likely to be mediated by the 5‐HT2C receptor.
Expression of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide Type 1 Receptor (PAC1R) in the Ewe Hypothalamus: Distribution and Colocalization with Tyrosine Hydroxylase‐Immunoreactive Neurones
Authors: Anderson S. T. , Kusters D. H. L. , Clarke I. J. , Pow D. V. , Curlewis J. D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have examined the distribution of the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide type I receptor (PAC1R) in the ewe hypothalamus by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. PAC1R mRNA was highly expressed in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the ewe, particularly in the arcuate nucleus and ventromedial hypothalamus, compared to other hypothalamic regions. Similar results were obtained from immunohistochemistry using a specific PAC1R antibody. Intense immunolabelling was observed in the arcuate nucleus, external zone of the median eminence and ventromedial hypothalamus. Only relatively weak immunolabelling was observed in other hypothalamic regions, including the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus. In the ewe, PACAP acts via the arcuate nucleus to suppress prolactin secretion. Therefore we examined whether PAC1R was present on the tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurones in this nucleus. Dual immunofluorescence labelling for PAC1R and tyrosine hydroxylase revealed that 21.2 ± 1.7% of dopaminergic neurones in the arcuate nucleus (A12 cell group) also stained for PAC1R. By contrast, other hypothalamic dopaminergic cell groups (A11, A13, A14 and A15) exhibited little (< 3%) or no colocalization. Overall, our results indicate that, in the ewe hypothalamus, PAC1R is most concentrated in the arcuate nucleus, where it is localized on a substantial proportion of dopaminergic neurones. These observations, together with previous in vivo studies, suggest that PACAP could act directly on TIDA neurones via PAC1R to increase dopamine release and consequently inhibit prolactin secretion in the sheep.
Functional Development of the Zebrafish Pineal Gland: Light‐Induced Expression of Period2 is Required for Onset of the Circadian Clock
Authors: Ziv L. , Levkovitz S. , Toyama R. , Falcon J. , Gothilf Y. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn zebrafish, the pineal gland is a photoreceptive organ that contains an intrinsic circadian oscillator and exhibits rhythmic arylalkylamine‐N‐acetyltransferase (zfaanat2) mRNA expression. In the present study, we investigated the role of light and of a clock gene, zperiod2 (zper2), in the development of this rhythm. Analysis of zfaanat2 mRNA expression in the pineal gland of 3‐day‐old zebrafish embryos after exposure to different photoperiodic regimes indicated that light is required for proper development of the circadian clock‐controlled rhythmic expression of zfaanat2, and that a 1‐h light pulse is sufficient to initiate this rhythm. Analysis of zper2 mRNA expression in zebrafish embryos exposed to different photoperiodic regimes indicated that zper2 expression is transiently up‐regulated by light but is not regulated by the circadian oscillator. To establish the association between light‐induced zper2 expression and light‐induced clock‐controlled zfaanat2 rhythm, zPer2 knock‐down experiments were performed. The zfaanat2 mRNA rhythm, induced by a 1‐h light pulse, was abolished in zPer2 knock‐down embryos. These experiments indicated that light‐induced zper2 expression is crucial for establishment of the clock‐controlled zfaanat2 rhythm in the zebrafish pineal gland.