bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 viruses in healthy wild birds in the Hadeji‐Nguru wetland, Nigeria 2022
Authors: Olawuyi Kayode , Orole Olukayode , Meseko Clement , Monne Isabella , Shittu Ismaila , Bianca Zecchin , Fusaro Alice , Inuwa Bitrus , Akintola Ruth , Ibrahim Josiah , Muhammad Maryam 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe introduction of multiple avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes into Nigeria has resulted in several poultry outbreaks purportedly linked to trade and wild birds. The role of wild birds in perpetuating AIV in Nigeria was, therefore, elucidated.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among wild aquatic bird species at the Hadejia‐Nguru wetlands in Northeastern Nigeria between March and April 2022. A total of 452 swabs (226 cloacae and 226 oropharyngeal) were collected using a mist net to capture the birds. These samples were tested by RT‐qPCR, followed by sequencing.ResultsHighly pathogenic AIV of the H5N1 subtype was identified in clinically healthy wild bird species, namely, African jacana, ruff, spur‐winged goose, squared‐tailed nightjar, white‐faced whistling ducks, and white stork. A prevalence of 11.1% (25/226) was recorded. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete HA gene segment indicated the presence of clade 2.3.4.4b. However, these H5N1 viruses characterized from these wild birds cluster separately from the H5N1 viruses characterized in Nigerian poultry since early 2021. Specifically, the viruses form two distinct genetic groups both linked with the Eurasian H5N1 gene pool but likely resulting from two distinct introductions of the virus in the region. Whole‐genome characterization of the viruses reveals the presence of mammalian adaptive marker E627K in two Afro‐tropical resident aquatic ducks. This has zoonotic potential.ConclusionOur findings highlight the key role of surveillance in wild birds to monitor the diversity of viruses in this area, provide the foundations of epidemiological understanding, and facilitate risk assessment.
Sex‐specific genetic parameter estimates of body weight in Mazandaran indigenous chickens
Authors: Esmaeili Mohammad , Gholizadeh Mohsen , Hafezian Hasan , Farhadi Ayoub 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBody weight is an economically important trait in poultry that shows sexual dimorphism (SD). In the present study, variation in SD in Mazandaran native chickens was investigated in terms of the (Co) variance components and genetic parameters of body weight between males and females. Studied traits were body weights at hatch (BW1), 8 weeks (BW8) and 12 weeks of age (BW12). Also, for weight at sexual maturity (WSM) covariance components were only estimated in females. Cross‐sex direct and maternal correlations were also estimated for studied traits except for WSM. For this purpose, a deep 21‐generation pedigree and body weight data (57,576 BW1, 72,925 BW8, 62,727 BW12 and, 42,496 WSM) were used. Evaluation of SD of body weight was performed using six bivariate animal models with and without considering the genetic and permanent maternal environmental effects under the restricted maximum likelihood method in WOMBAT software. Model with direct additive genetic effects and maternal genetic effects without covariance between them was identified as the best model for BW1 and BW8. The Model including direct additive genetic effects and permanent maternal environmental effects was the best model for BW12 and WSM. Direct heritability (h2) estimates for BW1, BW8 and, BW12 were, respectively, 0.05 ± 0.013, 0.17 ± 0.02 and, 0.25 ± 0.03 in males and, 0.05 ± 0.012, 0.15 ± 0.01 and 0.21 ± 0.01 in females. Also, the direct heritability of WSM based on univariate analysis in females was estimated to be 0.40 ± 0.01. Maternal heritability () varied from 0.39 ± 0.01 (BW1) to 0.04 ± 0.009 (BW8) in males, and 0.36 ± 0.10 (BW1) to 0.04 ± 0.006 (BW8) in females. The correlation between direct genetic effects between males and females for BW1 was not significantly different from one. The direct genetic correlation between the two sexes for BW8 and BW12 was significantly different from 1 concluding that these traits are dimorphic in terms of direct genetic effects and therefore independent selection in both sexes is possible.
A shift in the host web occupancy of dew‐drop spiders associated with genetic divergence in the Southwest Pacific
Authors: Elias Noraya U. , Responte Mae A. , Wu Cheng‐Yu , Chiu Yi‐Fan , Peng Po , Liao Hauchuan , Brown Rafe M. , Su Yong‐Chao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimWe assessed the population genetic structure of the kleptoparasitic spider Argyrodes bonadea across the Southwestern Pacific islands. Our aim is to evaluate the impact of overseas distances and, in particular, the Kerama gap, as potential drivers of genetic differentiation. If no relationship exists, then we assume dispersal following adaptive change as alternative non‐vicariant mechanism that generates divergence.LocationSouthwestern Pacific Islands.Taxon
Argyrodes bonadea.
MethodsWe used mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase 1 (CO1) gene sequences and Restriction Site‐associated DNA Sequencing (RAD‐seq) for our analyses.ResultsTwo strongly supported lineages, an Amami‐Okinawa Lineage (AOL) and an Austral‐Asia Lineage (AAL), correspond to two separate clades, roughly divided by the Kerama Gap, in phylogenetic trees estimated here. However, species delimitation led to the interpretation of only a single species present. The AOL exhibits complex, geographically structured host web spider species specificity, wherein the Amami population utilizes Cyrtophora, but AOL samples in Okinawa associate exclusively with Nephila—and yet all broadly distributed AAL populations show no evidence of host web spider species specificity.Main ConclusionThe population boundary between AOL and AAL likely results from local adaptation to novel hosts—instead of isolation by the Kerama Gap—following long‐distance dispersal and range expansion. Our results suggest kleptoparasitic spiders have the capacity to overcome permanent deep‐sea barriers and colonize distant landmasses. Whereas peripheral populations (AOL) demonstrate the capacity for specialization to a single host, which may have contributed to genetic differentiation and isolation, the broadly distributed AAL persists and has successfully expanded its geographical range as a host generalist, which may contribute to ongoing gene flow inferred in this study.
Real‐world data on the effectiveness of brodalumab in patients with moderate‐to severe plaque psoriasis in the Greek clinical setting (the BrIDGE study)
Authors: Rigopoulos Dimitrios , Tampouratzi Eleftheria , Angelakopoulos Charalampos , Apalla Zoe , Barkis Ioannis , Georgiou Sophia , Delli Florentina , Drosos Alexandros , Zafiriou Efterpi , Katsantonis John , Lazaridou Elisavet , Panagakis Pantelis , Papadavid Evangelia , Papakonstantis Markos , Roussaki‐Schulze Angeliki‐Viktoria , Sotiriou Elena , Anastasiadis Georgios , Chasapi Vasiliki , Sfaelos Konstantinos , Ioannides Dimitrios ,   the BrIDGE Study Group
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite that brodalumab's efficacy and safety have been assessed in randomized clinical trials, real‐life data remain scarce. BrIDGE was an observational, prospective, single‐cohort, multicentre study that recruited patients with moderate‐to severe plaque psoriasis in Greece.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to assess the proportion of patients who achieved Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)100 after 24 weeks. Other endpoints included: the maintenance of PASI90/100 through to 104 weeks, the short‐term response [PASI75/90/100 and static Physician's Global Assessment (sPGA) 0/1] to brodalumab at 12–16 weeks and time to complete clearance. Moreover, we explored the change in quality of life [Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) 0/1] and adherence to brodalumab.MethodsTwo hundred patients who were initiating treatment with or switching to brodalumab, were recruited. Analyses were conducted using the as observed data and three imputation approaches were also applied for the missing data (last observation carried forward, ‘worst case’ and ‘best case’ scenario). Continuous variables were reported using summary statistics, whereas categorical variables were reported in frequency tables.ResultsBased on the ‘as observed data’, 42.0% of patients achieved PASI100 at Week 24 after 25.9 ± 3.5 weeks and 65% of patients attained PASI100 at Week 104. In total, 70.2%, 47.5% and 32.0% achieved PASI75/90/100, respectively, whereas 72.6% of patients achieved sPGA 0/1, at Weeks 12–16. With respect to sPGA status 82.8%, 89.2% and 92.5% of patients achieved sPGA 0/1 at Weeks 24, 52 and 104, respectively. The time to achieve PASI100 at Weeks 12–16 was 13.7 ± 1.3, 52.1 ± 3.4 weeks at Week 52 and 105.5 ± 4.8 weeks at Week 104. Mean DLQI and Psoriasis Symptom Inventory (PSI) scores decreased by 11.4 ± 7.0 and 15.4 ± 6.5 points from baseline to Week 104, respectively. Adherence to treatment was equal to 98.9%.ConclusionsBrodalumab confers rapid and durable responses, as well as improvements in the quality of life of moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis patients.
Effects of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) density and loofah pollen on development and fecundity of Orius similis Zheng
Authors: Li Ding‐Yin , Zeng Guang , Zhi Jun‐Rui , Wang Yan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOrius similis Zheng, a predatory bug that feeds on Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), a pest that damages vegetables and ornamental plants by feeding and transforming plant viruses. O. similis is an omnivorous predator on thrips, as well as pollen. Our study investigated the impact of five different amount densities of thrips and abundant loofah pollen on the survival, development, fecundity, and consumption of O. similis. The performance of O. similis nymphs and adults was significantly affected by the density of thrips and loofah pollen on which they fed. The highest survival and shortest development period of O. similis nymphs after feeding on 40 thrips/d, while the lowest survival rate and longest period were observed after feeding on only 5 thrips. Feeding on loofah pollen alone also significantly increased survival and decreased the nymph development period compared with feeding on 20 thrips/d. The highest prey consumption occurred at densities of 30 and 40 thrips/d, while the lowest prey consumption occurred at a thrips density of 5, regardless of whether the O. similis were nymphs or female adults. However, adding loofah pollen decreased prey consumption of nymphs and adult females. In addition, O. similis showed higher fecundity and longevity when feeding on 40 thrips/d compared to other thrips densities and adding loofah pollen. Adding loofah pollen also increased fecundity and longevity compared to feeding on thrips alone at the same density, regardless of the thrips' density. Therefore, a high thrips abundant density daily was beneficial for the development, fecundity, and longevity of O. similis, and adding loofah pollen can enhance their performance.
A critical evaluation of choice negotiation for patient‐centred medicine and psychotherapy
Authors: Giorgi Franco , Fanali Annibale , Tramonti Francesco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStudy AimsThe present paper aimed at discussing how the process of decision‐making should be taken care of in healthcare services.MethodsThis is a position paper based on a review of the relevant literature about meaning‐making processes in medical encounters and psychotherapy.DiscussionAuthors argued that choice options could be perceived as meaningful by patients if their uncertainties were taken into account and grounded on mutual understanding and reciprocal trust. To this end, any decision‐making process should satisfy the patient's legitimate expectations by making choices and habits compatible.ConclusionIn depht analysis of meaning‐making processes is crucial for better refining good practices of shared decision‐making.
Shear bond strength of universal adhesives to human enamel and dentin
Authors: Jäggi Marco , Karlin Sabrina , Zitzmann Nicola U. , Rohr Nadja 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe composition of universal adhesives is highly diverse. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the shear bond strength of a composite with five different universal adhesives to human enamel and dentin.Materials and MethodsThe shear bond strength of a composite (G‐aenial Universal Injectable) to human enamel and dentin was tested in selective enamel etching mode before and after thermocyclic aging (10,000 cycles) using five different universal adhesive systems (Adhese Universal VivaPen, Clearfil Universal Bond Quick, G‐Premio Bond, Prime&Bond active, and Scotchbond Universal Plus). Two‐bottle systems (OptiBond FL and G2‐Bond Universal) were used as control. Scanning electron microscopy was conducted of the bonding interface.ResultsSignificant differences in shear bond strength values were found among the five evaluated universal adhesives. Lowest shear bond strength values were observed for 2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA)‐free systems. Thermocyclic aging did not significantly reduce shear bond strength values indicating that the initial bond remains stable.ConclusionsThe clinical use of universal adhesives Adhese Universal VivaPen, Clearfil Universal Bond Quick, and Scotchbond Universal Plus can be encouraged as they provided comparable or even better shear bond strength values than the two‐bottle controls.Clinical SignificanceUniversal adhesives that were developed for the same indication and approved for clinical use demonstrated variety in shear bond strength values. When applied in the selective enamel etching mode, a stable bond can be expected from adhesives containing HEMA and monomers with phosphate groups.
Dopamine transmission in the tail striatum: Regional variation and contribution of dopamine clearance mechanisms
Authors: Riley Bronwyn , Gould Emily , Lloyd Jordan , Hallum Luke E. , Vlajkovic Srdjan , Todd Kathryn , Freestone Peter S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe striatum can be divided into four anatomically and functionally distinct domains: the dorsolateral, dorsomedial, ventral and the more recently identified caudolateral (tail) striatum. Dopamine transmission in these striatal domains underlies many important behaviours, yet little is known about this phenomenon in the tail striatum. Furthermore, the tail is divided anatomically into four divisions (dorsal, medial, intermediate and lateral) based on the profile of D1 and D2 dopamine receptor‐expressing medium spiny neurons, something that is not seen elsewhere in the striatum. Considering this organisation, how dopamine transmission occurs in the tail striatum is of great interest. We recorded evoked dopamine release in the four tail divisions, with comparison to the dorsolateral striatum, using fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry in rat brain slices. Contributions of clearance mechanisms were investigated using dopamine transporter knockout (DAT‐KO) rats, pharmacological transporter inhibitors and dextran. Evoked dopamine release in all tail divisions was smaller in amplitude than in the dorsolateral striatum and, importantly, regional variation was observed: dorsolateral ≈ lateral > medial > dorsal ≈ intermediate. Release amplitudes in the lateral division were 300% of that in the intermediate division, which also exhibited uniquely slow peak dopamine clearance velocity. Dopamine clearance in the intermediate division was most dependent on DAT, and no alternative dopamine transporters investigated (organic cation transporter‐3, norepinephrine transporter and serotonin transporter) contributed significantly to dopamine clearance in any tail division. Our findings confirm that the tail striatum is not only a distinct dopamine domain but also that each tail division has unique dopamine transmission characteristics. This supports that the divisions are not only anatomically but also functionally distinct. How this segregation relates to the overall function of the tail striatum, particularly the processing of multisensory information, is yet to be determined.image
HIV‐1 Tat and morphine interactions dynamically shift striatal monoamine levels and exploratory behaviors over time
Authors: Lark Arianna R. S. , Nass Sara R. , Hahn Yun K. , Gao Benlian , Milne Ginger L. , Knapp Pamela E. , Hauser Kurt F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDespite the advent of combination anti‐retroviral therapy (cART), nearly half of people infected with HIV treated with cART still exhibit HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). HAND can be worsened by co‐morbid opioid use disorder. The basal ganglia are particularly vulnerable to HIV‐1 and exhibit higher viral loads and more severe pathology, which can be exacerbated by co‐exposure to opioids. Evidence suggests that dopaminergic neurotransmission is disrupted by HIV exposure, however, little is known about whether co‐exposure to opioids may alter neurotransmitter levels in the striatum and if this in turn influences behavior. Therefore, we assayed motor, anxiety‐like, novelty‐seeking, exploratory, and social behaviors, and levels of monoamines and their metabolites following 2 weeks and 2 months of Tat and/or morphine exposure in transgenic mice. Morphine decreased dopamine levels, but significantly elevated norepinephrine, the dopamine metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), and the serotonin metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid, which typically correlated with increased locomotor behavior. The combination of Tat and morphine altered dopamine, DOPAC, and HVA concentrations differently depending on the neurotransmitter/metabolite and duration of exposure but did not affect the numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive neurons in the mesencephalon. Tat exposure increased the latency to interact with novel conspecifics, but not other novel objects, suggesting the viral protein inhibits exploratory behavior initiation in a context‐dependent manner. By contrast, and consistent with prior findings that opioid misuse can increase novelty‐seeking behavior, morphine exposure increased the time spent exploring a novel environment. Finally, Tat and morphine interacted to affect locomotor activity in a time‐dependent manner, while grip strength and rotarod performance were unaffected. Together, our results provide novel insight into the unique effects of HIV‐1 Tat and morphine on monoamine neurochemistry that may underlie their divergent effects on motor and exploratory behavior.
Perceptions of adult intensive care unit patients regarding nursing presence and their intensive care experiences: A descriptive‐correlational study
Authors: Canbolat Ozlem , Aktas Ayse Buket Dogan , Aydın Belma 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aims to determine the relationship between perceptions of nursing presence and intensive care experiences in adult intensive care unit patients'.BackgroundIntensive care units (ICUs) are settings where patients have many negative emotions and experiences, which affect both treatment and post‐discharge outcomes. The holistic presence of nurses may help patients turn their negative emotions and experiences into positive ones.DesignA descriptive‐correlational design was used and reported according to the STROBE checklist.MethodsThe sample consisted of 182 participants. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), the Intensive Care Experience Scale (ICES), and the Presence of Nursing Scale (PONS).ResultsA strong positive correlation existed between total ICES and PONS scores (r = 0.889, p < 0.001). There was a strong positive correlation between PONS total score and ICES subscales (awareness of surroundings (r = 0.751, p < 0.001), frightening experiences (r = 0.770, p < 0.001), recall of experience (r = 0.774, p < 0.001), and satisfaction with care (r = 0.746, p < 0.001)). Males (β = −0.139, p < 0.05), and patients who were university and higher education graduate (β = 0.137, p < 0.05) had higher positive ICU experiences. It was also found length of ICU stay was correlated with ICU experiences and nursing presence.ConclusionsThe more positively the patients perceive nurses, the better ICU experiences they have. Gender and education level were found determinants of adult ICU patients' experiences. ICU length of stay predicted what kind of experience patients have and how much they feel the presence of nurses.Relevance to Clinical PracticeNurses should make their presence felt completely and holistically by using their communication skills for patients have more positive intensive care experiences. Nurses should consider variables which affects patients' ICU experiences and nursing presence.
Women's family trajectories after union dissolution: A comparative life course analysis
Authors: Vidal Sergi , van Damme Maike 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveChanges in family dynamics due to increased union instability are gathering scholarly attention. Against this backdrop, we asked: How do family life courses evolve after the dissolution of a first union? And, how do these processes vary across socio‐historical contexts?MethodWe deployed sequence and cluster analysis on women's combined relationship and fertility trajectories over 120 months after the dissolution of the first union using survey data from the Harmonized Histories datasets. Context‐level variation was assessed by comparing a series of measures of heterogeneity in family life courses across separation cohorts (1970–2009) and countries (France, the Netherlands, Poland, the Russian Federation, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom).ResultsWe found substantial heterogeneity in family life courses that we inferred from a typology of trajectory pathways. We also found relevant dynamics across socio‐historical contexts. Post‐separation trajectories became more diverse (between‐individual heterogeneity) and complex (within‐individual heterogeneity) in recent periods among countries that we deem laggards in the diffusion of union dissolution, whereas path dependencies in post‐separation family paths could be identified amongst the forerunners.ConclusionWe conclude that increased union instability across different population groups generally contributes to the heterogenization of family life courses, but national contexts are also important in shaping family trajectories upon union dissolution.