bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LONGEVITY DETERMINANTS IN AFRICAN AMERICANS: AN INTRA-GROUP ANALYSIS FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY
Authors: Nicholson Meneka Johnson , Martin Peter 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Utilizing the Health and Retirement Study data, this research exclusively centered on a sample of 2953 African-American participants to discern longevity predictors, emphasizing the importance of intra-group analysis. This targeted approach is essential as it provides a nuanced understanding of factors affecting longevity within a specific demographic group, avoiding broad generalizations derived from diverse populations. Two analytical models were developed in Mplus. The initial fully saturated model was subsequently trimmed to exclude non-significant paths. Key findings include: Education showed a positive correlation with cognition and a negative association with subjective health. Age had a negative impact on cognition and on subjective health. Depression was negatively associated with cognition and subjective health, and positively with age. Notably, age at death was majorly influenced by age, with subjective health, cognition, and education also playing significant roles. The model demonstrated an exemplary fit with Chi^2 (df=2) = 3.12, RMSEA = .01, and CFI = 1.0. Ultimately, age was identified as the primary predictor of age at death. Moreover, subjective health, education, and cognitive abilities emerged as vital contributors to longevity among African Americans. In essence, this study, with its focus on African Americans, underscores the profound importance of demographic-centric research, charting a path for custom-made interventions that resonate deeply with the African-American community’s inherent health dynamics.
LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATION OF SERUM CREATININE- AND CYSTATIN-C–BASED INDICES WITH INCIDENT SARCOPENIA
Authors: Jang Jae Young , Shin Hyung Eun , Won Chang Won , Kim Miji 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Although a cross-sectional link between serum creatinine- and cystatin-C-based indices and sarcopenia has been established, the longitudinal association remains unclear. This study explored the longitudinal association between serum creatinine- and cystatin-C-based indices and the incidence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. Using a 2–4 year follow-up data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study, 690 participants (mean age: 75.2±3.7 years; 45.9% men) without sarcopenia at baseline were analyzed. The association between the incidence of sarcopenia during a 4-year follow-up and serum creatinine-to-cystatin-C ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ratio (eGFRcystatin-C/eGFRcreatinine), sarcopenia index (serum creatinine×eGFRcystatin-C), predicted skeletal muscle mass index (pSMI), and total-body muscle mass index (TBMM) from baseline were compared. During the 4-year follow-up period, the incidence of sarcopenia was 21.5% in men and 14.7% in women. The pSMI and TBMM showed a higher area under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC) for predicting the incidence of sarcopenia in men (pSMI, AUC:0.616, p=0.003; TBMM, AUC:0.613, p=0.001) and women (pSMI, AUC:0.714, p=0.003; TBMM, AUC:0.714, p=0.001) than other indices. After adjusting potential confounders, higher pSMI and TBMM were associated with sarcopenia onset in men (pSMI, odds ratio [OR]: 0.417, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.237–0.733; TBMM, OR: 0.937, 95%CI: 0.901–0.975) and women (pSMI, OR: 0.166, 95%CI: 0.072–0.380; TBMM, OR: 0.906, 95%CI: 0.862–0.952). In conclusion, pSMI and TBMM demonstrated accurate predictive capabilities for sarcopenia. Higher pSMI and TBMM values were associated with sarcopenia incidence. These findings suggest pSMI and TBMM could be potential predictive biomarkers of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.
LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATIONS OF LONELINESS AND FRAILTY IN COMMUNITY DWELLING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Pollak Chava , Verghese Joe , Buchman Aron , Blumen Helena 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Loneliness is highly prevalent among older adults and is associated with poor health outcomes. This study examined longitudinal associations between loneliness and frailty and the influence of other objective and subjective social measures on these associations. We analyzed data from 1,3111 older adults without dementia at baseline from the Rush Memory and Aging Project (mean age 78.3 ±7.5 years, 72.5% female). Loneliness was assessed using the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. Frailty was defined using a 39-item cumulative deficit frailty index. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the association of baseline loneliness and change in frailty over time adjusted for baseline age, gender, education, depressive symptoms, global cognition, social network, marital status, social support, and social, cognitive, and physical activity. Loneliness and frailty both increased significantly over a mean follow-up period of 4.6 years. Baseline loneliness was associated with an additional increase in frailty by 0.3 deficits per year compared to those who were not lonely (p&lt; 0.001, CI 0.2, 0.5). The 0.3 increase in frailty per 1-point increase in loneliness equaled a 27% increase in frailty per year. Loneliness is associated with accelerated frailty and should be considered in the design of interventions to prevent frailty and promote healthy aging.
MENTAL HEALTH RISKS SIGNIFIED BY THE CO-EXPERIENCE OF ELDER MISTREATMENT AND SOCIAL ISOLATION
Authors: Park Juyoung , Jang Yuri , Aranda Maria , Wu Shinyi , Oh Hans , Wilber Kathleen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Both elder mistreatment (EM) and social isolation are widely known to pose a significant risk to mental health of older individuals. Despite the general agreement that EM should be addressed in consideration of social contexts, there has been limited attention to the potential harm of the co-experience of EM and social isolation. The issue is of particular concern in older Asian immigrants. Using a sample of older Korean Americans (N = 2,150, Mean age = 73.4), we examined the direct and interactive effect of EM and social isolation on mental distress. In a measure including psychological, physical, and financial mistreatment, 32% reported a single EM exposure and 12% multiple EM exposure in the past year. The rate of social isolation, measured with Lubben Social Network Scale-6, was 24%. About 30% were in the category of mental distress measured with Kessler 6. The direct effects of a single EM or multiple EM exposure in reference to no EM and social isolation were significant. In addition, the interaction between multiple EM exposure and social isolation was significant. The odds of mental distress associated with multiple EM exposure were substantially higher when experienced in social isolation (OR = 7.23, [CI: 3.65, 14.3]) than in non-isolation (OR = 2.68, [CI: 1.66, 4.32]). Findings suggest the signified mental health risk of the co-experience of EM and social isolation and call attention to those who might silently suffer from EM in isolation. Comprehensive interventions that encompass both preventive measures and targeted support systems are in need.
MIND, BODY, AND SOUL: PURPOSE IN LIFE AS A MEDIATOR BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND COGNITIVE AGING
Authors: Sadeqi Farima , Best Ryan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Recent guidelines from the WHO stress the benefits of physical activity and harm of sedentary behavior across the lifespan. Physical activity is associated with multiple positive life outcomes, both physical and psychological, across adulthood and into old age. Previous studies have shown engaging in aerobic physical activity buffers cognitive decline and can even enhance cognition in older adulthood. Compared to the growing literature on physiological links between physical activity and cognitive aging, there is a gap in the literature investigating psychological pathways. Empirical research suggests a positive bidirectional association between purpose in life and engagement in physical activity across adulthood. Furthermore, recent research has provided some evidence that purpose in life, both subjectively and objectively, is a positive predictor of cognitive functioning. Merging these areas of research, we investigated purpose in life as a mediator in the relationship between physical activity and cognitive aging. Using the MIDUS study, a representative sample of adults aged 25 to 74 years, a mediation model was fit to the data to test a psychological mechanism explaining the relationship between physical activity and cognition in adults. Physical activity was categorized into three groups based on the intensity of the activity—light, moderate, and vigorous. A small, significant mediation was present across all levels of activity with light physical activity showing a slightly stronger indirect effect when compared to the other two. Results will be discussed considering levels of physical activity and the implication of differential psychological and physiological pathways describing downstream effects on cognitive aging.
MINDFULNESS ENHANCES PROACTIVE BENEFITS OF REAPPRAISAL USE FOR YOUNGER BUT NOT OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Martins-Klein Bruna , Chen Ziyuan , Shanahan Mabel , Theos Gregory , Heideman Kristin , Orlovsky Irina , DeFontes Clara , Alwan Elizabeth 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Reappraisal and mindfulness are associated with enhanced mood and emotion regulation. Cognitive control is key to both processes, and despite age-related declines in cognitive control, older adults report greater use of both compared to younger adults. The Dual mechanisms of control (DMC) framework posits that cognitive control can be engaged, either in anticipation of a task (proactive control) to enhance task performance, or in-the-moment (reactive control). In classic cognitive tasks, older adults show limited benefits from proactive control and intact reactive control, while mindful individuals show similar performance using both control modes. However, the role of trait mindfulness on proactive versus reactive control of reappraisal has never been explored across the lifespan. In this study, 41 younger (18-29) and 40 older adults (60-85) were cued to reappraise or view 80 negative images following a 4-s proactive or a 500-ms reactive delay, tracking pupil response as a measure of physiological arousal and effort. Multilevel models revealed that mindfulness was associated with greater proactive reappraisal benefits in younger adults. In contrast, mindfulness was associated with diminishing benefits of proactive versus reactive reappraisal in older adults; for low mindfulness, proactive benefits were found, and for high mindfulness, reactive control benefitted reappraisal more than proactive control (p &lt; .001). For image viewing, proactive control benefitted older but not younger adults. Findings highlight the importance of considering the interaction of mindfulness and age in emotion regulation, and highlight the need of optimizing the temporal dynamics of reappraisal-based strategies in mental health interventions across the lifespan.
MISSED INSIGHTS FOR EARLIER MANAGEMENT OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE AND THE VALUE OF DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER (DAT) SCANS
Authors: Hafeez Mohib , Pangle Amanda , Wei Jeanne , Azhar Gohar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This retrospective study focused on the role of Dopamine Transporter (DAT) scans in diagnosing Parkinson’s disease (PD) in older adults with cognitive impairment (CI). We reviewed brain imaging of 6,483 individuals, aged 60 and above with CI. 332 had a DAT scan of which 203 were positive and 80/203 (39%) were subsequently started on treatment with carbidopa-levodopa. On the other hand, 243 patients showed Parkinson’s (PD) associated structural changes on CT or MRI including mineral deposition, hypodensities, and lacunar infarcts in dopamine-rich regions such as the caudate, putamen, and basal ganglia but none of these patients had a DAT scan, or treatment with carbidopa-levodopa therapy. 71/243 (29%) of these patients had also experienced falls or had gait disorders. This points towards a potential missed diagnosis of PD, which can respond to therapy in the early stages. Our results suggest that providers may overlook subtle signs of Parkinsonism in patients with CI. This could result in symptom worsening and treatment delay. Since CI is often first brought to the attention of PCPs, our findings call for an increased effort to inform PCPs on the role of DAT scans to aid in the diagnosis of dopamine deficiency states. By having a better understanding of PD-related structural changes seen on brain imaging and then using a DAT scan to confirm dopamine deficiency, treatment for PD might be started earlier or timely referral made to a specialist for comprehensive care, reduction of disability, and improvement of the quality of life of patients.
MISSED OPPORTUNITIES IN PREVENTING COGNITIVE DECLINE: UNDERDIAGNOSIS OF POLYCYTHEMIA IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Eddington Blake , Wei Jeanne , Pangle Amanda , Azhar Gohar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Polycythemia is a hematologic disorder characterized by an abnormally high red blood cell count which can result in serious complications. Microvascular clotting or emboli in polycythemia can reduce brain oxygenation levels with transient ischemic attacks or strokes and lead to subsequent development of vascular dementia. However, the impact of polycythemia on the brain health of older adults may be under-appreciated by primary care providers. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the prevalence of missed diagnoses of polycythemia in older adults with cognitive impairment. Electronic medical records (EMR) of patients with cognitive impairment, aged 60-100 years, inclusive of all races, ethnicities, and genders, seen between January 2018-January 2021, were obtained through the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences database. Cognitive impairment included all subtypes of dementia and delirium with either primary or secondary polycythemia. A total of 9700 patients with cognitive impairment were analyzed for hemoglobin and hematocrit cut-off values for polycythemia. We found 696 instances of comorbid polycythemia of which only 88 (12.6%) had a correct polycythemia diagnosis on record. However, 608 instances (87.4%) had never been identified as having polycythemia either in the problem list or diagnosis. This study highlights the high prevalence of undiagnosed polycythemia in patients with delirium and dementia and underscores the importance of considering polycythemia as a potential etiology, when evaluating cognitive impairment. Early detection and appropriate management of polycythemia in older adults may have implications for reducing the incidence of vascular dementia and improving overall patient outcomes and quality of life.
MULTI OMICS LANDSCAPE OF INSULIN SENSITIVITY IN HEALTHY OLDER PEOPLE FROM THE LONG LIFE FAMILY STUDY COHORT
Authors: Moghaddam Vaha Akbary , Liao Shu , Thyagarajan Bharat , Christensen Kaare , Patti Gary , Brent Michael , Province Michael , An Ping 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S), which measures the body’s response to insulin, is a crucial indicator of glucose homeostasis, particularly in healthy people. The present study utilizes MultiOmics profiling and integration to explore molecular processes crucial for maintaining healthy HOMA-S. To this end, 3783 non-diabetic individuals from 567 pedigrees in Long Life Family Study Cohort were selected (Average age = 70±16). Upon adjustment of HOMA-S for relevant covariates, linear mixed models were employed to analyze the genome sequence, blood transcriptome, and metabolome associations with HOMA-IS. Moreover, using STAAR and Pascal packages, rare and common variants were collapsed to genomic co-ordinates. The results highlight 10 genes, 2 soluble metabolites, and 2 lipids (phosphatidylcholine 35:1 and 40:6), significantly associated with HOMA-S. Integrative module enrichment analysis with PascalX package, identified multiple significant networks for HOMA-S. Notably, immune response in asthma is one of the processes with most genes (57%) displaying a positive correlation with HOMA-S (module p-val = 1.89 × 10E-6). The network contains 2 novel genes from transcriptome analysis, FCER1A and MS4A2 (p-vals = 1.32 × 10E-8 and 1.42 × 10E-6). Interestingly, one of the key metabolites, N-acetylglycine, also has a strong association with MS4A2 (p-val = 0.001034). Furthermore, SNP colocalization for gene expression, metabolome peak intensities, and HOMA-S, revealed multiple significant signals simultaneously associated with PC 35:1 and two members of this network, HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1. The results of the study underscore the intricate interplay of genetic and metabolic factors for healthy HOMA-S with aging and their potential protective role for glycemic implications.
MULTIMORBIDITY PATTERNS AND COGNITIVE CHANGE AMONG MEXICAN OLDER ADULTS IN THE MEXICAN HEALTH AND AGING STUDY
Authors: Bishop Nicholas , Botoseneanu Anda , Markwardt Sheila , Zambrano Priscilla , Walker Kealie , Quiñones Ana 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Multimorbidity (≥ 2 chronic conditions) increases the risk of non-normative cognitive decline. Among Mexican older adults, little is known about 1) the prevalence of multimorbidity, 2) patterns of multimorbidity, and 3) the relationship between multimorbidity patterns and cognitive decline. We used representative data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study to estimate prevalence of multimorbidity, identify common multimorbidity patterns, and examine associations between multimorbidity patterns and cognitive change from 2012–2015 in Mexican adults aged ≥ 65 (n=5,079; mean age: 72.2 (SD=6.1)). Chronic conditions including hypertension, diabetes, cancer, lung disease, heart attack, stroke, and arthritis were measured in 2012, and cognitive function was assessed in 2012 and 2015 using the Cross Cultural Cognitive Examination (CCCE; range:3–96). We used descriptive analyses to estimate multimorbidity prevalence and identify disease patterns, then used weighted linear regression (adjusted for age, sex, martial/partnership status, education, literacy, and household income and wealth) to estimate associations between multimorbidity patterns and cognitive change (modeled as CCCE-2015 regressed on CCCE-2012). In 2012, 50.7% of respondents reported multimorbidity and average CCCE score was 46.6 (SD=17.2). From 2012–2015, CCCE decreased on average 2.7 units (SD=13.1). Disease patterns with ≥ 2% prevalence included hypertension+depression (6.0%), hypertension+arthritis (5.9%), hypertension+diabetes (5.8%), hypertension+arthritis+depression (5.4%), hypertension+diabetes+depression (2.8%), hypertension+diabetes+arthritis (2.7%), and arthritis+depression (2.1%). Compared to those reporting no conditions, respondents reporting arthritis+depression (b=-3.88, CI=-6.11:-1.66), hypertension+diabetes (b=-3.72, CI=-5.33:-2.11), or hypertension+diabetes+depression (b=-3.41, CI=-5.32:-1.21) experienced greater cognitive decline. Our results suggest diabetes and depression are common elements of multimorbidity associated with cognitive decline in Mexican older adults.
MULTI-OMICS INTEGRATION IDENTIFIES GENES INFLUENCING TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RISKS
Authors: Acharya Sandeep , Liao Shu , Jung Woo Seok , Kang Edward , Moghaddam Vaha Akbary , Feitosa Mary , Province Michael , Brent Michael 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Long Life Family Study (LLFS) enrolled 4,953 participants in 539 pedigrees displaying exceptional longevity. To identify genetic mechanisms that protect LLFS participants against age-related cardiovascular risks, we developed a freely available multi-omics integration pipeline and applied it to 11 traits associated with cardiovascular risks. Using our pipeline, we aggregated gene-level statistics from Rare-Variant Analysis, GWAS, and gene expression-trait association by Correlated Meta-Analysis (CMA). Across all traits, CMA identified 51 significant genes after Bonferroni correction (P ≤ 2.8×10-7). CETP, NLRC5, SLC45A3, and TOMM40 lie within 50 Kb of a known trait-associated variant (previously associated genes). Analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks identified another 63 genes (passing genes) that (1) have CMA p-value ≤ 5×10-3, (2) lie in a PPI module (highly connected subnetwork) enriched for genes with low P-values, and (3) are annotated with a biological process that is enriched among module genes, ten of which were previously associated with the same traits. Permutation analysis showed that passing genes have a false positive rate of 1 in 14876 and are more likely to be previously known than non-passing genes with similar p-values. CMA improved on the 3 input analyses by producing the largest number of modules enriched for genes with low P-values and highly enriched for genes participating in shared biological processes. Overall, module analysis identified highly plausible candidate causal genes whose P-values after CMA alone were merely suggestive.
NARRATIVE-DRIVEN RECRUITMENT MESSAGING TO ENHANCE ETHNORACIAL DIVERSITY IN AD RESEARCH
Authors: Lingler Jennifer , Knox Melissa , Williams Ishan , Cameron Judy , Robinson Rena , Tamres Lisa , Terry Melita , Ren Dianxu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Underrepresentation of persons of color in research on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a longstanding issue that is receiving unprecedented attention following reports of severely inadequate racial and ethnic diversity in clinical trials of the field’s first anti-amyloid therapies to secure Food and Drug Administration approval. The Recruitment Innovations for Diversity Enhancement (RIDE) Study is one of several federally supported initiatives to address key aspects of this complex and multi-faceted challenge facing the AD research community. RIDE is a multi-phase study to determine the effect of a culture-centric narrative campaign on recruitment of African American adults into clinical research on AD and related disorders. This presentation aims to contrast the RIDE study’s “narrative driven approach” to “traditional research messaging” with approaches typically found in research recruitment materials. Narrative driven messaging draws on the words, perspectives and stories from members of a culture-sharing group themselves, while traditional approaches aim to educate research candidates about potential benefits and risks of participation using language scripted from investigators’ perspectives. We will demonstrate how the narrative driven approach in RIDE focuses on a) prioritizing information that active research participants from a given culture-sharing group identify as most important and b) sharing that information in the form of culturally relevant stories. The potential benefits of this approach include a concrete, replicable strategy that can be readily implemented by other researchers. This is significant because recruiting representative samples in AD research is foundational to conducting the studies necessary to understand and combat race-based cognitive health disparities.