bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperphosphorylation of EBNA2 by Epstein-Barr Virus Protein Kinase Suppresses Transactivation of the LMP1 Promoter
Authors: Yue Wei , Gershburg Edward , Pagano Joseph S. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BGLF4 gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase (PK) that is expressed in the cytolytic cycle. EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) is a key latency gene essential for immortalization of B lymphocytes and transactivation of viral and cellular promoters. Here we report that EBV PK phosphorylates EBNA2 at Ser-243 and that these two proteins physically associate. PK suppresses EBNA2's ability to transactivate the LMP1 promoter, and Ser-243 of EBNA2 is involved in this suppression. Moreover, EBNA2 is hyperphosphorylated during EBV reactivation in latently infected B cells, which is associated with decreased LMP1 protein levels. This is the first report about the effect of EBV PK on the function of one of its target proteins and regulation of EBNA2 phosphorylation during the EBV lytic cycle.
ABSORPTION AND REFLECTION EXPERIMENTS ON HIGH-MOBILITY 2DEGs IN THE REGIME OF MICROWAVE-INDUCED RESISTANCE OSCILLATIONS
Authors: STUDENIKIN S. A. , POTEMSKI M. , SACHRAJDA A. S. , HILKE M. , PFEIFFER L. N. , WEST K. W. 
Published: April 2005

We have performed microwave absorption and near-field reflection experiments on a high mobility GaAs / AlGaAs heterostructure for the same conditions for which Microwave-Induced Resistance Oscillations (MIROs) are observed. It is shown that the electrodynamic aspect of the problem is important in these experiments. In the absorption experiments a broad CR line was observed due to a large reflection from the highly conductive electron gas. There were no additional features observed related to absorption at harmonics of the cyclotron resonance. In near-field reflection experiments a very different oscillation pattern was revealed when compared to MIROs. The oscillation pattern observed in the reflection experiments is probably due to plasma effects occurring in a finite-size sample. The whole microscopic picture of MIROs is more complicated than simply a resonant absorption at harmonics of the cyclotron resonance. Nevertheless, the experimental observations are in good agreement with the model by Durst et al. involving the photo-assisted scattering in the presence of a crossed magnetic field and dc bias. The observed damping factor of MIROs may be attributed to a change in the electron mobility as a function of temperature. MIROs may be considered as a light-induced drift effect, a broad class of phenomena associated with a light-induced asymmetry in the velocity distribution function.
QUANTIFICATION OF CHONDROCYTE MORPHOLOGY BY CONFOCAL ARTHROSCOPY
Authors: Jones C. W. , Smolinski D. , Wu J. P. , Willers C. , Miller K. , Kirk T. B. , Zheng M. H. 
Published: April 2005

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a novel Laser Scanning Confocal Arthroscope (LSCA) for the morphological quantification of articular cartilage chondrocytes. Healthy and debrided regions of the knee articular cartilage of six (6) New Zealand White rabbits were imaged during open follow-up surgery. Quantitative morphological analysis of chondrocyte cell populations was performed and compared to known parameters. Optical histology images were compared to conventional histology of similar sites. Optical histology revealed viable cells in normal hyaline cartilage tissue and enabled the visualization of fibro-cartilage in defect tissue. Morphological analysis was able to characterize the in vivo two-dimensional equivalent-area-diameter of chondrocytes. Significant differences (P<0.05) were seen between the morphology of chondrocytes observed in optical and conventional histology. This study concludes that the LSCA is capable of illustrating the surface and sub-surface appearance of healthy and defect articular cartilage, thereby providing a non-destructive method for assessing cartilage condition in vivo. In this role the LSCA may find application in the investigation of cartilage pathologies or repair techniques.
The Transient Atmospheric Response to Midlatitude SST Anomalies
Authors: Ferreira David , Frankignoul Claude 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
To study the transient atmospheric response to midlatitude SST anomalies, a three-layer quasigeostrophic (QG) model coupled to a slab oceanic mixed layer in the North Atlantic is used. As diagnosed from a coupled run in perpetual winter conditions, the first two modes of SST variability are linked to the model North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and eastern Atlantic pattern (EAP), respectively, the dominant atmospheric modes in the Atlantic sector. The two SST anomaly patterns are then prescribed as fixed anomalous boundary conditions for the model atmosphere, and its transient responses are established from a large ensemble of simulations.
In both cases, the tendency of the air–sea heat fluxes to damp the SST anomalies results in an anomalous diabatic heating of the atmosphere that, in turn, forces a baroclinic response, as predicted by linear theory. This initial response rapidly modifies the transient eddy activity and thus the convergence of eddy momentum and heat fluxes. The latter transforms the baroclinic response into a growing barotropic one that resembles the atmospheric mode that had created the SST anomaly in the coupled run and is thus associated with a positive feedback. The total adjustment time is as long as 3–4 months for the NAO-like response and 1–2 months for the EAP-like one. The positive feedback, in both cases, is dependent on the polarity of the SST anomaly, but is stronger in the NAO case, thereby contributing to its predominance at low frequency in the coupled system. However, the feedback is too weak to lead to an instability of the atmospheric modes and primarily results in an increase of their amplitude and persistence and a weakening of the heat flux damping of the SST anomaly.
Differential selection and mutation between dsDNA and ssDNA phages shape the evolution of their genomic AT percentage
Authors: Xia Xuhua , Yuen Kwok Yung 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Background
Bacterial genomes differ dramatically in AT%. We have developed a model to show that the genomic AT% in rapidly replicating bacterial species can be used as an index of the availability of nucleotides A and T for DNA replication in cellular medium. This index is then used to (1) study the evolution and adaptation of the bacteriophage genomic AT% in response to the differential nucleotide availability of the host and (2) test the prediction that double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) phage should exhibit better adaptation than single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) phage because the rate of spontaneous deamination, which leads to C→T or C→U mutations depending on whether C is methylated or not, is about 100-fold greater in ssDNA than in dsDNA.

Results
We retrieved 79 dsDNA phage and 27 ssDNA phage genomes together with their host genomic sequences. The dsDNA phages have their genomic AT% better adapted to the host genomic AT% than ssDNA phage. The poorer adaptation of the ssDNA phage can be partially accounted for by the C→T(U) mutations mediated by the spontaneous deamination. For ssDNA phage, the genomic A% is more strongly correlated with their host genomic AT% than the genomic T%.

Conclusion
A significant fraction of variation in the genomic AT% in the dsDNA phage, and that in the genomic A% and T% of the ssDNA phage, can be explained by the difference in selection and mutation between them.
A cluster randomized controlled trial of a behavioral intervention to facilitate the development and implementation of clinical practice guidelines in Latin American maternity hospitals: the Guidelines Trial: Study protocol [ISRCTN82417627]
Authors: Althabe Fernando , Buekens Pierre , Bergel Eduardo , Belizán José M , Kropp Nora , Wright Linda , Goco Norman , Moss Nancy ,   for the Guidelines Trial Group
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Background
A significant proportion of the health care administered to women in Latin American maternity hospitals during labor and delivery has been demonstrated to be ineffective or harmful, whereas effective interventions remain underutilized. The routine use of episiotomies and the failure to use active management of the third stage of labor are good examples.

Methods/Design
The aim of this trial is to evaluate the effect of a multifaceted behavioral intervention on the use of two evidence-based birth practices, the selective use of episiotomies and active management of the third stage of labor (injection of 10 International Units of oxytocin). The intervention is based on behavioral and organizational change theories and was based on formative research. Twenty-four hospitals in three urban districts of Argentina and Uruguay will be randomized. Opinion leaders in the 12 intervention hospitals will be identified and trained to develop and implement evidence-based guidelines. They will then disseminate the guidelines using a multifaceted approach including academic detailing, reminders, and feedback on utilization rates. The 12 hospitals in the control group will continue with their standard in-service training activities. The main outcomes to be assessed are the rates of episiotomy and oxytocin use during the third stage of labor. Secondary outcomes will be perineal sutures, postpartum hemorrhages, and birth attendants' opinions.
Host-derived pathogenicity islands in poxviruses
Authors: Da Silva Melissa , Upton Chris 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Background
Poxviruses are important both as pathogens and as vaccine vectors. Poxvirus genomes (150–350 kb) consist of a single linear dsDNA molecule; the two polynucleotide strands are joined by short hairpin loops. The genomes encode highly conserved proteins required for DNA replication and mRNA transcription as well as a variable set of virulence factors; transcription takes place within the cytoplasm of the host cell. We are interested in evolution of poxvirus genomes and especially how these viruses acquire host-derived genes that are believed to function as virulence factors.

Results
Using a variety of bioinformatics tools, we have identified regions in poxvirus genomes that have unusual nucleotide composition (higher or lower than average A+T content) compared to the genome as a whole; such regions may be several kilobases in length and contain a number of genes. Regions with unusual nucleotide composition may represent genes that have been recently acquired from the host genome. The study of these genomic regions with unusual nucleotide content will help elucidate evolutionary processes in poxviruses.

Conclusion
We have found that dotplots of complete poxvirus genomes can be used to locate regions on the genome that differ significantly in A+T content to the genome as a whole. The genes in these regions may have been acquired relatively recently from the host genome or from another AT-rich poxvirus.
Aktionsprimitive: Ein universelles Roboter-Programmierparadigma (Manipulation Primitives: An Universal Robot Programming Paradigma)
Authors: Finkemeyer Bernd , Kröger Torsten , Wahl Friedrich M. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Heutige Robotersysteme können auf unvorhergesehene Ereignisse kaum reagieren. Ungenauigkeiten und kleinste Änderungen der Aufgabenstellung verursachen häufig Störungen und damit erheblichen Modifikationsaufwand. Diese Unflexibilität kann durch geeignete Sensorik gemindert werden. Deren Integration erweist sich allerdings häufig als sehr schwierig und führt oft zu unflexiblen Speziallösungen. Als Abhilfe wird in diesem Artikel das Programmierparadigma mit Aktionsprimitiven vorgestellt. Es erlaubt die Definition von sensorgeführten und sensorüberwachten Roboterbewegungen auf Programmierebene. Die dazu benötigten Steuer- und Regelungsfunktionalitäten werden automatisch in die Robotersteuerung eingebunden. Die zugehörige Steuerungs- und Softwarearchitektur wird ebenfalls erläutert. Die Anwendung des Programmierkonzepts wird anhand von Beispielen gezeigt.
Funkgestützte Kommunikation in der Automatisierungstechnik (Radio Based Communication in Automation Systems)
Authors: Rauchhaupt Lutz 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Der Einsatz der Funkübertragung als Bestandteil industrieller Kommunikationssysteme gehört zu den aktuellen Schwerpunkten der Automatisierungstechnik, die kontrovers diskutiert werden. Dieser Aufsatz soll zu einer sachlichen Bewertung des Themenbereiches beitragen. Es werden die Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, die die Funkkommunikation heute bereits bietet sowie die Ursachen für noch bestehende Grenzen.
Ein robustes Datenmonitoring-Verfahren für Sensornetzwerke (A Robust Data Monitoring Method for Sensor Networks)
Authors: Turau Volker , Weyer Christoph , Witt Matthias 
Published: April 2005

Zusammenfassung
Es wird ein neues Datenmonitoring-Verfahren für drahtlose Sensornetzwerke vorgestellt. Das Verfahren kombiniert geografische Hashtabellen mit Aggregation innerhalb des Netzwerks. Anfragen werden in Gebieten abgearbeitet, deren Sensorknoten ihre Werte in Knoten nahe einer festgelegten Lokation innerhalb des Gebietes sammeln, wo sie leicht von außen abgefragt werden können. Das Verfahren ist robust gegenüber Knotenausfällen und -bewegungen und erzeugt sehr geringen Netzwerkverkehr. Dies wird durch verschiedene Simulationen bestätigt.
Multisensordatenfusion als Kernfunktion in Überwachungssystemen (Multiple Sensor Data Fusion as a Key Function in Surveillance Systems)
Authors: Koch Wolfgang 
Published: April 2005

Zusammenfassung
Ausgereifte Überwachungssensorik für dynamische Szenarien mit einer Vielzahl verschiedenartiger, separat oder kollektiv agierender Objekte ist bereits jetzt oder in absehbarer Zeit verfügbar. Die erzielbare Überwachungsleistung ist jedoch nicht allein durch die Leistungsfähigkeit der Einzelsensoren und der zugehörigen Auswertealgorithmik bestimmt. Die technologische Entwicklung wird vielmehr vorangetrieben durch die Vernetzung einer Vielzahl homogener oder heterogener Sensoren zu umfassenden Verbundsystemen. Dadurch kann eine Fülle einander ergänzender Aspekte eines Gesamtgeschehens erfasst werden, die nach intelligenter, sensorübergreifender Datenfusion die Ermittlung eines Lagebildes ermöglichen. Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert die generelle Aufgabenstellung der Multisensorfusion. Spezielle Lösungsansätze für Multisensortracking, Sensormanagement und Nutzung attributiver Sensorinformation werden anhand ausgewählter Beispiele erörtert.
Silent Idylls, Double Lives: Sex and the City in Salvador Novo's La estatua de sal
Authors: Gollnick Brian 
Published: April 2005

Salvador Novo's autobiography, La estatua de sal, documents the author's life in the 1920s and details with surprising openness his experiences in the homosexual subculture of Mexico City. This article analyzes how La estatua de sal also suggests that urban life contributed to Novo's process of identity formation in complex ways that draw together his sexual awakening with other aspects of modern culture.
La autobiografía de Salvador Novo, La estatua de sal, documenta la vida del autor durante los años veinte y detalla con sorprendente franqueza sus experiencias en la subcultura homosexual de la Ciudad de México. Este artículo analiza cómo La estatua de sal también sugiere que la vida urbana contribuyó al proceso identitario de Novo de una manera compleja en que su abertura sexual se articula con otros aspectos de la modernidad cultural.
Mechanistic Studies on the Tyrosinase‐Catalyzed Formation of the Anachelin Chromophore
Authors: Gademann Karl 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe complex secondary metabolite anachelin, isolated from the freshwater cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica, is believed to act as siderophore, facilitating iron uptake. Its structure is characterized by a fascinating blend of polyketide, peptide, and alkaloid fragments. In particular, the tetrahydroquinolinium‐derived chromophore is unique among natural products, and its biosynthesis is unknown. We propose a hypothesis for the biogenesis of the anachelin chromophore starting from a C‐terminally bound L‐Tyr residue. It is proposed that this amino acid is reductively aminated, methylated, and hydroxylated. Oxidation of this catechol diamine substrate by a tyrosinase would lead to an o‐quinone, which would react by intramolecular aza‐annulation and tautomerization to give the anachelin chromophore. In order to evaluate this hypothesis, a model substrate related to the proposed biogenetic precursor was prepared. It was shown that the enzyme tyrosinase is able to transform this substrate into an anachelin chromophore derivative, which corroborates the biogenetic hypothesis. In order to gain further insight into the mechanism of this transformation, we performed spectrophotometric reaction monitoring, allowing the formation of the expected product to be observed. In addition, a rise in absorption at around 250 nm might be due to the presence of a spiro five‐membered ring intermediate resulting from an alternative 1,4‐addition to the o‐quinone. Lastly, we were able to show that the action of tyrosinase on this substrate follows Michaelis–Menten kinetics (kcat=123 s−1 and Km=8.66 mM). Interestingly, the catalytic efficiency is decreased only by a factor of 30 relative to the natural substrate L‐DOPA.
K5(UO2)2[Si4O12(OH)]: A Uranyl Silicate Containing Chains of Four Silicate Tetrahedra Linked by SiO×××HOSi Hydrogen Bonds.
Authors: Chen Chih‐Shan , Kao Hsien‐Ming , Lii Kwang‐Hwa 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structure, Electrochemistry, and Magnetism of the Iron(III)‐Substituted Keggin Dimer, [Fe6(OH)3(A‐α‐GeW9O34 (OH)3)2]11‐.
Authors: Bi Li‐Hua , Kortz Ulrich , Nellutla Saritha , Stowe Ashley C. , van Tol Johan , Dalal Naresh S. , Keita Bineta , Nadjo Louis 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Syntheses, Structures and Bioactivities of Fluorine‐Containing Phenylimino‐thia(oxa)zolidine Derivatives as Agricultural Bioregulators.
Authors: Qian Xuhong , Xu Xiaoyong , Li Zhibin , Li Zhong , Song Gonghua 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
4‐Oxo‐3,4‐dihydroquinazolinyl‐ and Benzimidazolyl‐acetonitriles in Anellation Reactions of a Haloquinoline Ring.
Authors: Khilya O. V. , Volovnenko T. A. , Turov A. V. , Volovenko Yu. M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Trisubstituted 1,3‐Dienes Through Novel [3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangements in α‐Allenic Methanesulfonates: Application to the Preparation of Fused Tricyclic Systems by Tandem Rearrangement/Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Aragoncillo Cristina , Redondo Maria C. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mild and Highly Efficient Preparation of Symmetrical Disulfides and Diselenides Using Bipyridinum Hydrobromide Perbromide as a New Oxidative Reagent.
Authors: Joshaghani M. , Khosropour A. R. , Jafary H. , Mohammadpoor‐Baltork I. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of Amidines with 5‐Methylene‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐ones.
Authors: Bogolyubov A. A. , Chernysheva N. B. , Nesterov V. V. , Antipin M. Yu. , Semenov V. V. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Novel Heteroarotinoids with Receptor Activation Capabilities and TGase Activity. Single Crystal Analysis of (E)‐4‐[(2,3‐Dihydro‐2,2,4,4‐tetramethyl‐2H‐1‐benzo [b]thiopyran‐6‐yl)‐1‐propenyl]‐2‐methylbenzoic Acid.
Authors: Subramanian Shankar , Smith Chad M. , Tabatabai Ali , Bryan Clinton D. , Buettner Brian , Hale Steve , Wakefield Cynthia A. , Benbrook Doris M. , Berlin K. Darrell 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium(II)‐Mediated Nucleophilic Cyanation of 4‐Substituted Quinoline 1‐Oxide in the Presence of Trimethylsilyl Cyanide and an Oxidant.
Authors: Tagawa Yoshinobu , Higuchi Yoshitaka , Yamagata Kenji , Shibata Kazuhiko , Teshima Daisuke 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 1‐Substituted 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines by Asymmetric Electrophilic α‐Amidoalkylation Reactions.
Authors: Weber Ulrich , Hoesl Cornelia , Ponikwar W. , Suter M. , Noeth Heinrich , Wanner Klaus T. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of New Ring Systems: Isomeric 1,2,4‐Triazolopyrimido[4′′,5′′:4′,5′]thieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido [3,2‐c]cinnolines and Other Related Systems.
Authors: Badr M. Z. A. , Geies A. A. , Abbady M. S. , Dahy A. A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of (2S,5R)‐5‐Hydroxypipecolic Acid and 6‐Substituted Derivatives.
Authors: Botman Peter N. M. , Dommerholt F. Jan , de Gelder Rene , Broxterman Quirinus B. , Schoemaker Hans E. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , Blaauw Richard H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Kinetics and Stability of CH4–CO2 Mixed Gas Hydrates during Formation and Long‐Term Storage
Authors: Uchida Tsutomu , Ikeda Ikuko Y. , Takeya Satoshi , Kamata Yasushi , Ohmura Ryo , Nagao Jiro , Zatsepina Olga Y. , Buffett Bruce A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe formation of CH4–CO2 mixed gas hydrates was observed by measuring the change of vapor‐phase composition using gas chromatography and Raman spectroscopy. Preferential consumption of carbon dioxide molecules was found during hydrate formation, which agreed well with thermodynamic calculations. Both Raman spectroscopic analysis and the thermodynamic calculation indicated that the kinetics of this mixed gas hydrate system was controlled by the competition of both molecules to be enclathrated into the hydrate cages. However, the methane molecules were preferentially crystallized in the early stages of hydrate formation when the initial methane concentration was much less than that of carbon dioxide. According to the Raman spectra, pure methane hydrates first formed under this condition. This unique phenomenon suggested that methane molecules play important roles in the hydrate formation process. These mixed gas hydrates were stored at atmospheric pressure and 190 K for over two months to examine the stability of the encaged gases. During storage, CO2 was preferentially released. According to our thermodynamic analysis, this CO2 release was due to the instability of CO2 in the hydrate structure under the storage conditions.