bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features of gingival pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Mignogna Michele D. , Lo Muzio Lorenzo , Bucci Eduardo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare, chronic, intraepithelial bullous disease with a potentially fatal outcome. Oral lesions are a hallmark of PV and occur in almost all cases, and represent the preliminary symptom in more than half of the patients. Gingival lesions are very common and, when solitary, often first recognized by periodontist.Method: In the literature, gingival localization of PV are usually described as desquamative gingivitis (DG) and/or as vesiculobullous lesions of the free and attached gingiva; in our experience, early lesions only rarely appears as extensive erythema and erosions.Conclusions: PV at the onset may frequently appear on gingiva as isolated blisters and/or erosions mainly located to the free gingiva, very little in extension and hardly to recognize as bullous lesions.
Comparative antimicrobial activities of antiseptic mouthrinses against isogenic planktonic and biofilm forms of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Fine D. H. , Furgang D. , Barnett M. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Bacteria contained in biofilms have been shown to have a decreased susceptibility to antimicrobial agents compared to those in planktonic form. Thus, in vitro biofilm models have been developed for screening oral antimicrobial formulations in an effort to produce findings more predictive of clinical activity. This study compared the antimicrobial activity of three mouthrinse formulations when tested against isogenic strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), one of which was a clinical isolate which forms tenacious biofilms in vitro and the other of which was a spontaneous variant which always grows planktonically.Method: Biofilm‐forming Aa strains CU1000 and NJ4300, obtained as clinical isolates, and their respective spontaneous planktonic variants, CU1060 and NJ4350, were grown under standard laboratory conditions and exposed for 15 s to either a negative control (phosphate buffered saline [PBS]), an essential‐oil containing mouthrinse (Listerine® Antiseptic [LA]), an amine fluoride/stannous fluoride‐containing mouthrinse (Meridol®[M]), or a triclosan and PVM/MA copolymer‐containing mouthrinse (Plax®[P]). The cells were then washed, serially diluted, plated, and incubated for enumeration of viable bacteria. Colony‐forming units (CFU)/ml were log10 transformed and the mouthrinse groups were compared to the PBS group using analysis of variance.Results: All 3 mouthrinses produced statisically significant 99.99% reductions (p0.0001) in both planktonic strains compared to the PBS control. Effects on the biofilm forms of the organisms were more variable. Exposure to LA produced statistically significant (p0.0001) reductions in strains CU1000 and NJ4300 of 98.20% and 96.47%, respectively, compared to PBS. M and P produced much smaller reductions which were not statistically significant.Conclusions: The results of this study, in which antimicrobial mouthrinses were tested against biofilm‐forming and planktonic strains of the same organism, provide a clear demonstration of the resistance to antimicrobial agents conferred by biofilm formation and provide additional support for employing tests using biofilms to more accurately assess the relative activities of antiplaque agents in vitro.
Exostosis following a free gingival graft
Authors: Echeverria José J. , Montero Mauricio , Abad Daniel , Gay Cosme 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: There have been few cases reported of exostoses following a free gingival graft. In 1980, a free gingival graft was placed on the facial level of 33–34, developing over the years a significant enlargement. In 1999, since the patient felt progressively uncomfortable with the enlarged area, its surgical reduction was proposed.Method: Under local anesthesia, the hard tissue developed under the previously‐grafted area, was significantly reduced. The specimen, together with a fragment of the covering soft tissue, was sent for histological analysis.Results: The surgical wound healed uneventfully, and the patient was satisfied with the results. The histology showed the presence of mature bone surrounded by a dense connective tissue, whereas the gingival tissue showed acanthosis and fibrosis.Conclusion: The development of exostoses following a free gingival graft can be considered an unpredictable, albeit infrequent side‐effect of this procedure. The fact that most of these exostoses appear in the cuspid‐premolar area, deserves further consideration.
Dental biofilms at healthy and inflamed gingival margins
Authors: Rüdiger S. G. , Carlén A. , Meurman J. H. , Kari K. , Olsson J. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Objectives: The increased plaque formation observed in gingival inflammation is not fully understood. Receptor proteins in the dental pellicle might influence bacterial adhesion and subsequent plaque formation. The purpose of the present study was to examine proteins and microorganisms in dental biofilms, at healthy and inflamed gingival margins. Material and methods: To see whether marginal inflammation affects the composition of the pellicle and the early dental plaque, samples were taken from the gingival and incisal parts of teeth in periodontally healthy subjects, both in gingival health and during experimental gingivitis. Pellicle proteins were analysed using gel‐electrophoresis, immunoblotting and image analysis. Bacteria were analysed by culturing and the PCR technique. Results: During gingivitis, the rate of plaque formation increased significantly. The semiquantitative amounts of proteins and the numbers of bacteria varied considerably between individuals and surfaces. The amount of total and individual pellicle proteins and the total numbers of bacteria were, however, increased during gingivitis and the increase in proteins was statistically significant on the incisal parts of tooth surfaces. Compared to a healthy gingiva, reduced numbers for Actinomyces spp. (incisal parts only) and streptococci and increased numbers of periodontopathogens in the 4 h dental biofilms were seen at the inflamed gingiva. Conclusion: Increased gingival crevicular fluid flow during gingivitis affects pellicle formation and increased plasma proteins in the pellicle may modify bacterial attachment and early dental plaque composition.
Root surface roughness following Er:YAG laser irradiation at different radiation energies and working tip angulations
Authors: Folwaczny Matthias , George Gelu , Thiele Lidka , Mehl Albert , Hickel Reinhard 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: The determination of roughness of root surfaces following treatment with 2.94 µm Er:YAG laser radiation at different radiation energies and working tip angulations.Materials and methods: The study sample comprised 85 extracted human molars, premolars, canines and incisors (n = 85). The source of laser radiation was an Er:YAG laser device (KAVO‐Key II, System Aesculap Meditec) emitting pulsed infrared radiation at a wavelength of 2.94 µm, with a pulse duration of 250 µs, and a pulse repetition rate of 10 pps. The samples were randomly divided into three experimental units, for treatment with a constant amount of 380 laser pulses at a radiation energy of 60 mJ, 100 mJ, and 180 mJ. Each experimental unit was divided into five subgroups of five samples, which were irradiated at a working tip angulations of 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. Five samples were treated mechanically using curettes. Five samples were left untreated as control. The mean (Ra) and maximum (Rmax) surface roughness of each sample was measured using a profilometer. The statistical analysis was undertaken using anova and Scheffé‐test at a level of significance of 5% (p < 0.05).Results: Er:YAG laser radiation led to an Ra which ranged from 0.52 µm (± 0.10) to 0.81 µm (± 0.26) and to an Rmax between 3.4 µm (± 0.48) and 9.26 µm (± 3.08). The Ra and Rmax for samples treated with curettes was 0.51 µm (± 0.11) and 5.08 µm (± 4.98), respectively. That for the untreated control samples were 0.53 µm (± 0.15) and 7.07 µm (± 5.48), respectively.Conclusions: The mean and maximum surface roughness of root surfaces following irradiation with Er:YAG laser was not significantly different to that obtained on samples treated with conventional hand instruments or left untreated. Furthermore, the surface roughness does not depend on the radiation energy and the angulation of the working tip.
Comparison of microbial cultivation and a commercial PCR based method fordetection of periodontopathogenic species in subgingival plaque samples
Authors: Eick Sigrun , Pfister Wolfgang 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: Microbiological laboratory procedures are involved in diagnosis and therapy control of progressive and refractory forms of periodontitis. In recent years techniques have been developed based on the detection of nucleic acids. The purpose of this study was to validate the commercially available micro‐Dent® test which employs probes for A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, B. forsythus and T. denticola.Methods: 122 plaque samples obtained from periodontal pockets with various depths from 33 early onset periodontitis (EOP) patients and 15 periodontally healthy subjects were analysed by cultivation and the microDent® kit.Results: Both cultivation and the nucleic acid based assay showed a positive correlation of pocket depth with the frequency and quantity of periodontopathogenic species. T. denticola was found only in pockets > 4 mm in EOP patients. Comparison of the two methods revealed that the microDent® kit identified both P. gingivalis and B. forsythus more often than did the cultivation method. Conclusions: Nucleic acid techniques should replace cultivation methods as gold standard in microbiological diagnosis of progressive periodontitis. The micro‐Dent® kit can be recommended for microbiological laboratories analysing subgingival plaque samples.
Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis in periodontitis
Authors: Emingil Gülnur , Sapmaz Gül , Biçakçi Nurgün , Özkinay Ferda 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Emerging data indicate that genetic factors may be associated with the etiopathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis. Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) is a sensitive method that might reflect an instability of DNA or a deficiency of DNA repair. The aim of the present study was to investigate SCE frequency of patients with different forms of periodontal disease and to determine whether this cytogenetic marker in patients with aggressive periodontitis can be differential compared to patients with chronic periodontitis and control subjects.Methods: SCE was analysed in peripheral blood lymphocyte chromosomes of 13 patients with generalised aggressive periodontitis (G‐AP), 10 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 10 control subjects. The periodontal parameters of probing depth, clinical attachment level, the presence of bleeding on probing and plaque were recorded. Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from both patient groups and control subjects were cultured in the presence of 5‐Bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine in complete darkness for 72 h. For scoring SCE frequency, 20 metaphases were studied from each donor.Results: The frequency of SCE was found to be 6.7 ± 0.9 per cell in patients with G‐AP, 6.5 ± 1.5 per cell in CP patients and 6.9 ± 1.1 in control subjects. No statistically significant differences were found between groups (p > 0.05).Conclusions: The data indicate that there the cyotogenetic damage in the aggressive type of periodontal disease is not greater than in chronic periodontitis and control subjects. Although no aberrant cytogenetic damage was observed in different forms of periodontitis compared to control, this does not discount the importance of other genetic factors in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
A clinical comparison of three powered toothbrushes
Authors: Van Der Weijden G. A. , Timmerman M. F. , Piscaer M. , IJzerman Y. , Van Der Velden U. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim:  The purpose of the present study was to compare the ability of the Braun Oral‐B 3D Excel power toothbrush (BPT), the Sonicare power toothbrush (SPT) and the Philips Sensiflex 2000 (HX 2550) power toothbrush (PPT) to control plaque and reduce experimentally induced gingivitis.Materials and methods: Two experiments were carried out in two different groups of subjects using a split‐mouth design whereby the two halves of the mandible which had been allowed to develop gingivitis were brushed over a 4‐week period with the test toothbrushes. Experiment 1 compared the BPT with the SPT (n = 35) and experiment 2 compared the BPT with the PPT (n = 32). The study used a run‐in period of 2 weeks, which, together with the 3‐week experimental gingivitis phase, represented the pretrial phase of the experiment. The purpose of this phase was two‐fold: first, to enable the subjects to become acquainted with the two power brushes and for them to receive proper oral hygiene instruction, and, second, to develop a reasonable level of gingivitis on the mandible. Those subjects with at least 40% of sites exhibiting bleeding in each quadrant in the mandible at day 21 of the experimental gingivitis phase were allowed to continue with the trial. During the next 4 weeks (treatment phase) of each experiment, subjects were told to brush according to a split‐mouth design, the right and left sides of the mouth being randomly allocated to a toothbrush. During this period, no rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash or flossing was allowed and a standard toothpaste (Zendium®) was used. After 1, 2 and 4 weeks, the plaque index (Quigley & Hein) and the bleeding tendency on marginal probing were assessed in the mandible.Results: Experiment 1 showed that the bleeding score was reduced from 1.63 to 1.12 at 4 weeks by the BPT and from 1.65 to 1.26 by the SPT. This reduction was more rapid and greater with the BPT (P < 0.05). The plaque index was reduced from 2.19 at day 21–1.03 at 4 weeks by the BPT, and from 2.18 to 1.20 by the SPT. The difference between the two toothbrushes was not significant. Experiment 2 showed that the bleeding score was reduced from 1.77 at day 21 to 1.07 at 4 weeks by the BPT and from 1.75 to 1.24 by the PPT. This reduction was more rapid and greater with the BPT (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in plaque index at 4 weeks (BPT, 1.09; PPT, 0.95). Data from the questionnaire at the end of the study revealed that, in both experiments, most subjects preferred the BPT.Conclusions:  The data from this study show that the design and action of the Braun Oral‐B 3D Excel power toothbrush are more effective in resolving gingivitis than the Sonicare & the Philips Sensiflex 2000 power toothbrushes.
Interleukin‐1 gene polymorphisms and experimental gingivitis
Authors: Jepsen Søren , Eberhard Jörg , Fricke Dörte , Hedderich Jürgen , Siebert Reiner , Açil Yahya 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Recently, an association between the severity of periodontitis and specific variations in the interleukin‐1 (IL1) α and β genes has been demonstrated.Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the IL1 genotype to the development of experimental gingivitis.Materials and Methods: Twenty young adult subjects presenting with healthy gingival conditions participated after giving their informed consent. The group included 10 risk genotype positive (P+) and 10 risk genotype negative (P−) individuals. The IL1 genotypes were determined on DNA samples from peripheral blood using PCR‐RFLP analyses for the IL1α and IL1β polymorphisms. Experimental gingivitis was allowed to develop in two posterior sextants per subject. Bleeding on probing (BOP%) and gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCF) were assessed at baseline and days 2, 7, 9, 14, 16 and 21. The day 21 results for BOP and GCF as well as the rate of increase of these parameters – mean area under the curve (AUC) and mean increase per day (slope) – were evaluated using risk analyses for IL1 genotype, smoking status and gender.Results: Experimental gingivitis developed with a gradual increase in BOP scores and GCF values (expressed as Periotron units=PU) from baseline to day 21 (BOP, P+: 0.5 to 26.0%; P−: 1.0 to 28.1%; GCF, P+: 36.8 to 138.5 PU, P–: 43.1 to 143.4 PU). No significant risk was associated with P+ and P− for day 21 results, AUC or slope.Conclusion: The results of this study failed to provide evidence that the IL1 risk genotype was associated with higher GCF volume and percentage BOP during the development of experimental gingivitis.
Some soft tissue characteristics at implant abutments with different surface topography
Authors: Wennerberg Ann , Sennerby Lars , Kultje Christina , Lekholm Ulf 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: If an implant with a rough surface is exposed to the oral cavity, it may accumulate greater amounts of plaque than a smooth surface, which may lead to severe problems with mucositis and peri‐implantitis. The purpose of the present paper was to investigate the early inflammatory response to mucosa‐penetrating abutments prepared with varying surface roughness.Methods: Nine patients had all five of their original abutments exchanged to test abutments for a 4‐week period. The test abutments were prepared with five different roughnesses. The surface roughness was measured with an optical profilometer. At the end of the test period, clinical evaluation was performed; the health of the surrounding mucosa, the amount of accumulated plaque and marginal bleeding were registered. One biopsy was taken from each test abutment. Qualitative and quantitative histological evaluations were performed.Results: There was a statistically significant difference between patients regarding the amount of accumulated plaque on the abutment surfaces and inflammatory cells, but no difference between the surface modifications in relation to plaque accumulation or number of inflammatory cells.Conclusion: No relation was found between inflammatory response and abutment surface roughness after an evaluation time of 4 weeks in a human test model.
Ovine periodontitis as a potential model for periodontal studies
Authors: Duncan W. J. , Persson G. R. , Sims T. J. , Braham P. , Pack A. R. C. , Page R. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives:  To investigate infection and host immunity patterns in sheep with naturally occurring “broken‐mouth” periodontitis.Materials and Methods:  Eight periodontally healthy (HS) and eight periodontally diseased ewes (PDS) were selected. Subgingival plaque and sera were collected and examined for evidence of human periodontitis‐associated pathogens. Serum IgG titers were measured by ELISA to multiple strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, Dichelobacter nodosus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum as well as several purified antigens (cysteine proteases, LPS, K, and fimbriae).Results:  Neither the organism Aa nor antigens to Aa were found in any animal. Most animals were positive for Pg, Bf, and Pi, but DNA probes detected no difference between HS and PDS relative to amounts of pathogens in subgingival plaque. PDS had significantly higher serum IgG titers to all Pg strains, to 50% of Bf strains, to the Pi and Fn strains, and to fimbriae and the two cysteine proteases (p‐values ranging from 0.05 to 0.001). Regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between number of teeth lost and serum IgG antibody titers to whole‐cell sonicate antigens of P. gingivalis strains (p<0.01) and body weight (p<0.01).Conclusions:  The presence of pathogens associated with periodontitis was reflected in differences in serum IgG titers between healthy and diseased sheep. This may have influenced animal body weight and might have systemic health and economic consequences. The data suggest that susceptible and non‐susceptible sheep can be identified for periodontal research.
Clinical and radiographic treatment evaluation of class III furcation defects using GTR with and without inorganic bone matrix
Authors: Palioto Daniela Bazan , Joly Julio Cesar , De Lima Antonio Fernando Martorelli , Mota Luis Fernando , Caffesse Raul 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) alone and in conjunction with a bovine inorganic bone matrix in furcation defects.Material and methods:  Twenty class III furcation defects were treated in 18 non‐smoker patients, 35–75 years old. Horizontal (CAL‐H) and vertical clinical attachment levels (CAL‐V), probing depths (PD), gingival margin levels (GML), horizontal (BDL‐H) and vertical bone defect levels (BDL‐V), and alveolar crest levels (ACL) were performed at baseline and at 6‐month re‐entry procedures. Subtraction radiography was used to assess gain or loss in optical density (OD) and area of bone fill (A) (baseline/6 months). After flap elevation, the sites were randomly assigned to receive GTR + Bio‐Oss® (test) or GTR treatment alone (control). Results were evaluated using anova.Results: Differences were statistically significant between baseline and re‐entry for PD, ACL (p < 0.01) and GML (p < 0.05) for the control group, and for BDL‐V (p < 0.01) for the test group. There was a gain in ACL for the test group and a reduction in ACL for the control group (p < 0.01). No differences were observed for OD and A.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that class III furcation defects are not predictably resolved utilizing GTR or GTR in combination with an inorganic bone matrix.
Prevalence of IL‐1A and IL‐1B polymorphisms in a Greek population
Authors: Sakellari Dimitra , Koukoudetsos Stavros , Arsenakis Minas , Konstantinidis Antonis 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives:  Given the possible ethnic diversity in distribution of genetic variants, aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of the polymorphisms of IL‐1A+4845 and IL‐1B+3954 in a Greek population of unknown periodontal status and to compare this prevalence with one from a group of patients with chronic (adult) periodontitis.Material and methods:  110 healthy subjects of unknown periodontal status and 45 patients with chronic periodontitis were genotyped, using a PCR‐based method and primers described in the literature. The differences in genotype, allele frequencies, allele carriage rate and presence of positive composite genotype as described by ) were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and calculating two‐sided p‐value, odds ratios and confidence intervals.Results: No differences were observed in any of the parameters tested between the two groups.Conclusions:  Given the high prevalences of these polymorphisms observed in the general population,findings of the present study do not support a possible predictive value of the presence of allele 2 at IL‐1A+4845 and IL‐1B+3954 or the positive composite genotype for presence or absence of periodontal disease,in a Greek population.