bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of the Effect of the Interaction Between the Secretions of the Roots of some Plants of the Cruciferous Family and the Biocontrol Factor Trichoderma spp. in Controlling fusarium wilt Disease on Okra Plants
Authors: Albadrani Mustafa Taha Khudhair , Alshimaysawe Usamah A. Alkarim A. Almunam 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study surveyed, identified, and biologically controlled fusarium wilt on okra plants. The field survey found fusarium wilt on okra farms in Najaf, Diwaniyah, and Babylon. 18-73% were infected. Six Fusarium spp. isolates were found in wilted plants. Besides spore shapes and colours, the separated fungus differed in culture colour and growth rate. Fusarium spp. isolates also have different okra plant pathogenicities. However, isolate F2 (Abbasiya isolate) was the most harmful and adopted in following trials as the most virulent. The example isolate was PCR-diagnosed using rDNA-ITS marker. Fusarium solani. Thus, GenBank registered OQ729824. The effect of evaporated and non-evaporated compounds secreted from the tissues of cruciferous plants (Cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower) on the culture medium P.S.A 1/4 showed that the compounds secreted from the roots of cabbage and broccoli inhibit and prevent the diagonal growth of the pathogenic fungus F. solani at an average rate of 0.00 cm compared to other treatments. Trichoderma spp. biological isolates tolerate cruciferous plant tissues better. The field experiment to assess the efficiency of the interaction between the root secretions of cruciferous family plants (Cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower) and okra plants in the presence of the bioagent factor T. longibrachiatum T2 showed a significant increase in okra plant growth and production. The interaction treatments between the roots of cabbage or broccoli plants in soil contaminated with the pathogenic fungus F. solani, with or without the biological fungus T2, completely protected the okra plants from disease during growth and harvest. Control treatment had 83.33% infection.
Population Density of Bemisia tabaci on Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Varieties in the Greenhouse
Authors: Hameed Ghaith A. , Abdullah Muqdad A. , Elhadeeti Sawsan A. K. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We conducted an experiment in a greenhouse at the research station belonging to the Department of Plant Protection / Ministry of Agriculture, in Abu Ghraib area during the spring and autumn season 2022-2023, to study the population density of the whitefly on two varieties of sweet pepper plant (Charisma and Sierra Nevada). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design “RCBD” with three replicates for each variety. The results showed that in spring season the population density of B. tabaci eggs and nymphs reached the peak in the last week of May, which where 2.667 and 4.444 individual / leaf, respectively while the population density peak of the adults was in the first week of June, where it reached 3.33 individual / leaf for Charisma variety, while in Sierra Nevada variety the population density of eggs reached its peak at the first week of May 2.889 individual / leaf, while the nymphs reached its peak at the last week of May 4.44 individual / leaf, also the adults reached its peak the in the second week of June 2.667 individual / leaf. In autumn season the population density of the eggs, nymphs and adults on Charisma variety reached its peak in the third week of November, where it were 3.556, 2.778 and 3.444 individual / leaf respectively, while the population density of the eggs, nymphs and adults recorded on the Sierra Nevada variety reached its peak in the third week of November with 3.889, 3.778 and 3.778 individual / leaf respectively. These results clearly showed that B. tabaci had nearly the same preference to infest the two varieties of sweet pepper, Charisma and Sierra Nevada through the abundance of their stages on the plants.
A comparison of some Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Two Local and Seven Introduced Cultivars of Olives Olea europaea
Authors: Yousif Muna Aied , Shakir Hussam Nafea 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Olive oil is one of the most edible oils in the world due to its many health. Therefore, knowledge of its physical and chemical properties is indispensable for evaluating its quality. Different cultivars have been introduced in Iraq to improve yield and oil quality. However, there are few studies to compare these cultivars, so this study aimed to compare two local cultivars with seven introduced cultivars of the most cultivated olive cultivars in central and northern Iraq, using some physical and chemical parameters. The statistical analyses revealed that there were significant differences between the cultivars, and the values of the studied traits were as follows: density (0.9101 - 1.0377g / ml), pH (5.98 - 7), viscosity (40-49 mpa.s), smoke point (200 - 245 °C), boiling point (190 – 213 °C), melting point (-2 – 10 °C). When comparing the varieties, local varieties had the highest density, viscosity, smoking point, and melting point values, while they had the lowest pH value. The results also showed that the introduced variety, Marnzanilla, was one of the best varieties, whose characteristics were among the Gulf standard specifications.
Corn (Zea mays L.) Yield Characteristics and Oil Content are Influenced by Licorice and Seaweed Extract Spray Frequency
Authors: Gatea Ali Abed , Hussein Haider Talib 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was done in spring 2022 on one of the farms in Al-Medhatiyah area, south of Babylon Governorate, using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three factors: licorice extract at three doses (0, 5, 10) mg L-1 and encoded (L0, L1, L2). (The second factor is spraying seaweed extract on the plants in three doses (0,4,8 mg L-1) and coding (A0, A1, A2). Three sprays (once, twice, and three times) are the third factor. Encoded (N1, N2, N3). Thus, each replication comprised 27 treatments, totaling 81 experimental units. The outcomes were as follows. Licorice extract at 10 mg L-1 (L2) exhibited the highest averages (32.03 grains, row-1) in all investigated features, including number of grains.row-1, weight of 300 grains, protein %, and oil %. 1,53.34g-1,9.82% 4.82%. The seaweed extract at 8 mg L-1 (A2) exhibited the highest averages (34.66 grains, row-1, 5.10%, 10.20%) in all tested aspects. The spraying treatment had the greatest averages (53.86gm-1 5.37%, 10.53%) for the measured properties (weight of 300 grains, 1gm, percentage of oil%, percentage of protein%) three times. The treatments (L2, A2, N3) and concentrations (10 mg L-1 licorice, 8 mg L-1 seaweed, for three sprays) excelled in some of the bi-interactions between licorice, seaweed, licorice, number of sprays, algae, and number of sprays. Including (the number of grains in a row, and the percentage of oil) by giving them the highest averages (30.60, 35.96, 38.94), (5.32, 5.47, 5.57%), while protein percentage was not noteworthy for the season.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Biocide Oxymatrine in Controlling the Different Roles of the Saw-Grain Beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Silvanidae: Coleoptera) in the Laboratory
Authors: Al-Hab Rusl Kareem Majeed Ali Abo , Al-Zurfi Sienaa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the biocide of plant origin, Oxymatrine, against the second and fifth larval instars and adults of the Sawgrain beetleOryzaephilus surinamensis(L.) under laboratory conditions. The results showed the efficiency of the biocide Oxymatrine in causing death rates for adults and larval instars at all concentrations of (1.5, 2, 2.5) ml/liter. The highest death rates were for the second larval stage, which reached 100%, and all concentrations after 3 days of treatment. In contrast, the mortality rates were given for the last (fifth) larval instar and adults after 14 days of treatment. For the fifth larval instar, the mortality rates reached (63.92%, 67.78%, and 70.35%) at concentrations (1.5, 2, 2.5) ml/l, respectively. The death rates were for adult females (52.14%, 53.57%, and 55.71).
Assessment of the Sensitivity of some Wheat Cultivars to the Infection of the Head Blight Disease Caused by the Fusarium pseudograminearum in South of Iraq
Authors: Al-Dairi Sabah S. J. , Al-Waily Dhia S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field study was carried out to determine the susceptibility of eight cultivars of wheat, Ibaa-99, Bohouth-22, Rasheed, Mawaddah, Wafia, Bankal, Jad and Babel, to infection with the fungus Fusarium pseudograminearum. The experiment was conducted in the fields of the Plant Protection Department / College of Agriculture / University of Basrah during the season 2021-2022 to test the sensitivity of eight cultivars of wheat to head blight infection. The Babel cultivar showed the highest severity of the disease, reaching 80%. The Bohouth-22 cultivar showed the highest number of tillers, which amounted to 8 tillers/plant, while the IPA 99 cultivar showed the lowest number of tillers, amounting to 1.3. g/m2. The productivity of the Bohouth-22 cultivar was higher at a rate of 1012 g/m2, while the Babylon cultivar showed the lowest rate of 266.7 g/m2.
Comparison the Effect of an Organic Nutrient (Nektafol) Under Production and Open Field Condition on the Growth and Yield of Lettuce
Authors: Al-Chalabi Angham Talal Mahmoud , Ibraheem Fathel F. R. , Hussein Ayman Malallah , Alsawaf Ahmed 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Horticulture Department & Landscape Design/College of Agriculture at the University of Mosul conducted the study in two cultivation systems (unheated plastic house and open field) connected to the fields to examine the effects of using the liquid nutrient (Nektafol) at concentrations (0,2,4,6 mlL-1) on the vegetative growth characteristics, quantitative and qualitative yield of plants of lettuce (Quantum variety). Three replications of the experiment were used, and the averages were compared using Duncan’s multiple range test at the 5% level of probability. The experiment was conducted utilizing split. Plot. System. with R.C.B.D. Design. The characteristics of vegetative development and the quantitative and qualitative yield can be summed up as follows: When compared to plants grown under plastic house, plants that were grown in a field in the open. were significantly better in most of the studied characteristics. It was found that using the liquid nutrient Nektafol at two concentrations of 4 and 6ml L-1 significantly improved the qualities of vegetative growth and the total yield of heads of lettuce, as well as the qualities under open field and plastic house.
Influence of Foliar Spraying with Various Concentrations of the Growth Regulator (Floratone) on a Few Characteristics of Vegetative Growth in Two Fig Cultivars
Authors: Hussein Mawahib Medhat , Raddam Karim Abdel Hussein , Takhayal Sahar Hussein 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The goal of the study, which was done on a private farm in the Al-Mahaweel District of the Babylonian Governorate, was to look at how two cultivars of Bani Muslim seedlings and Al-Asfer (Turkish) Figs seedlings responded to spraying when they were two years old. without addition, with three concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5 mm/L) of the Floratone in addition to the comparison treatment, and its impact on some vegetative growth traits of two fig cultivars (plant height rate, typical main stem diameter, total leaf area, and typical leaf chlorophyll content). The study’s randomized complete block design (RCB) used three replicates for each treatment, and the 1.5 mm treatment that the two cultivars received produced the best results for the growth characteristics that were being examined.
The Role of Seed Treatment with Bacterial Biofertilizer Azotobacter, Gibberellic Acid and Kinetin Before Planting in some Biochemical Characteristics in the subsequent Growth of Psidium guajava L. Seedlings
Authors: Alkalabi Chasb Kh. Ja. , Bajlan Sabah G. Sh. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in the College of Agriculture - University of Karbala at the beginning of September of the year 2022 according to a randomized complete block design to study the effect of the bacterial biofertilizer Azotobacter and a solution of gibberellic acid in three concentrations (0, 150 and 300 mg. L-1), and kinetin in three concentrations (0, 25 and 50 mg. L-1) in some biochemical characteristics of Psidium guajava L. seedlings. The results showed that the single effect of the bacterial biofertilizer was superior in the all studied characteristics compared to the control treatment, as for the gibberellic acid solution, the concentration (300 mg.L-1) was superior by giving it the highest significant increase in all the studied traits except for the activity of the peroxidase enzyme compared to the control treatment, while the treatment of seeds with chitin solution excelled, and the concentration (50 mg.L-1) recorded the highest significant difference in all the studied traits in the all studied characteristics compared to the control treatment.
Effect of Spraying with Moringa Leaf Extract and Potassium Silicate on some Chemical Properties of Banana Plant MUSA spp.
Authors: Al-Muhe Riyadh Mhawesh , Abdul-Wahid Mahmmod S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in one of the covered greenhouses in Saran affiliated to the College of Agriculture - University of Dhi Qar during the agricultural season 2022-2023 during the growth period on the Grand Nine banana seedlings, for the purpose of knowing the effect of Moringa extract and potassium silicate on its chemical properties, 48 plants were selected Homogeneous, 3-4 months old. The study included two factors, the first factor: spraying with Moringa leaf extract in four concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15) g L-1, the second factor: spraying with potassium silicate in four concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3) ml L-1, the date was The first is for spraying, with an interval of ten days between one spray and another, with a rate of 6 sprays. The experiment was applied according to C.R.D, with three repetitions. The results showed that the combination a3b3 (15 g L-1 X 3 ml L-1) was superior in most chemical properties (total chlorophyll concentration (2.40) mg in 100 g-1, total soluble carbohydrates (27.00)%, nitrogen (28.90) mg g-1, phosphorus (1.28) mg g-1, potassium (19.60) mg g-1, silicon (0.078) mg kg-1, ascorbic acid (150.00) mg g-1), while proline was superior in the comparison treatment (a0×b0) as it gave (0.85) micrograms g-1.
Evaluation Study of some Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Red and White Mulberry Fruits, a Local Variety Morus sp.
Authors: Al-Rabea’a Jamal Abdul Redha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The results of the search for the physical characteristics of the red and white mulberry cultivars showed that there were no significant differences in the characteristic of the fruit length, as it reached 2.50 and 2.40 cm for the red and white cultivars, respectively. While the white mulberry variety excelled in the characteristics (fresh and dry weight of the fruit and the diameter of the fruit), reaching 3.09 g, 1.66 g, and 1.10 cm, respectively. The results of the study of chemical traits showed that there were significant differences in all the studied traits, where the red mulberry variety excelled in (content). moisture, percentage of juice, and percentage of acidity), which reached 14.73, 54.78, and 2.64%, respectively, while the white mulberry variety excelled in (the percentage of total sugars, the percentage of total soluble solids (TSS), the ratio of solids to acidity, and the ash content of the fruits) as it reached 8.14%, 9.60%, 9.60%, and 0.86g, respectively.
Effect of Licorice Organic Media and Disper Bloom Spraying on vegetative growth and Flowering Gerbera Jamesonii L.
Authors: Alwan Nawal M. , Kadhim Fadhil J. , Mahdi Suhad A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in greenhouse of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape during the agricultural season (2022-2023). to study the Effect of Licorice Organic Media (0,1.5.2.5 kg m2) and Disper Bloom Spraying (0,1.5,2.5 gm l-1) on vegetative and Flowering growth Gerbera Jamesonii L. The study was carried out using a factorial experiment in the design of completed randomized sectors R.C.B. D within three replications, each experimental unit included (30) plants for each replicate. Plants planting in organic licorice medium to the occurrence of clear differences in the vegetative and Flowering growth characteristic. Where the treatment of mixing the medium of (3) kilos with the soil excelled. effect of the growth stimulator (Disper Bloom) was clearly significant in the superiority of most of the vegetative and flowering growth traits has outperformed the treatment of spraying at a concentration of (3) ml. liter-1 significantly in most of the characteristics studied. overlap between the two factors has a significant impact on most of the studied vegetative and flowering growth characteristics.
Effect of Soaking Apricot Seeds (Prunus armeniaca L.) with Gibberellic and Humic Acids on Germination and Seedling Growth
Authors: Medan Raad Ahmed 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study carried out wooden canopy belong to Dep. of Horticulture and Landscaping - college of Agriculture / Univ. of Kirkuk in Shurao / Kirkuk Governorate / Iraq for the period from 1/15/2023 to 5/5/2023 to study the effect of soaking apricot seeds with different concentrations of gibberellic acid (500 mg). And 1000, 1500 and 2000). mg L-1 and humic acid (150, 300, 450, and 600) mg L-1 on the percentage of germination of apricot seeds and some characteristics of vegetatives and roots growths of seedlings resulting from seed germination, the experiment carried out according to (R.C.B.D.) design as a factorial experiment with 3 replications and by Six seedling for each experimental units. thetotal number of the investigation is (162) seedlings, and the averages were compared using Duncan Multiple-Range Test under the probability levels of 5%. The results obtained are summarized as follows : Soaking apricot seeds with a concentration of (1500 mg.L-1) of gibberellic acid resulted in asignificant increase in most of the studied traits (germination percentage, number of leaves, total leaf area, dry weight of shoot and root system, and root length) with a rate of (93.33% and 20.67 leaf - 1, 65.63 cm 2, 85.07%, 48.52%, and 15.13 cm (respectively), while the T8 treatment of gibberellic acid (2000 mg.L-1) excelled in the stem length characteristic by giving it the highest readings with a ratio of 24.60 cm, while the T4 treatment excelled ( Soaking the seeds with humic acid at a concentration of 600 mg L-1) significantly affected most of the studied traits, compared tothe rest of the treatments of soaking apricot seeds with humic acid and the comparison.
Effect of Adding Organic Fertilizer (Humus) Perl Humus on some Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Grape Cultivars Shatur Al-anz and Olivette Noire (Vitis Vinifera L.)
Authors: Abdullah Idris Hussein , Latif Mahmoud Fadel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study examined the effects of organic fertilizer PERL HUMUS on the vegetative growth traits of young Shatur Al-anz and Olivette noire grape vines in the grape orchard of the Department of Horticulture and Gardens Engineering, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, during the growing season (2022). The experiment used a split-plot design according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors: the first factor was the addition of the organic fertilizer PERL HUMUS to the soil at three levels (H0= 0, H1= 150, and H2= 300 gm per seedling) twice before the vegetative buds opened and two months after the first addition. Shatur Al-anz (V1) and Olivette noire (V2) grape varieties are the second factors. Organic fertilizer had a significant effect on most vegetative growth traits, especially the H2 treatment, which had the highest values for main branch length and diameter, wet weight, dry weight, and leaf area (134.04 cm, 12.74 mm, 19.65 gm, 11.02 gm, and 5.24 m2 per vine). There was no notable rise in primary branches. The Shatur Al-anz variety significantly outperformed the Olive variety in (the number of main branches) and (wet weight and dry weight).
Impact of Foliar Spray with Gibberellic Acid GA3 and Nauta Fertilizer on the Some Vital and Mineral Components of Three Cultivars of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Alimam Nabil M. Ameen Abdullah , Saadon Shahad Ahmmed 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The University of Mosul’s Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design / College of Agriculture and Forestry vineyard hosted this study. During the growing season 2022, to study the effects of foliar fertilization with Nauta fertilizer containing amino acids and seaweed extracts in three concentrations (0, 250, and 500 mg l-1) and foliar spraying with gibberellic acid in three concentrations (0, 50, and 100 mg l-1) on three table grape varieties, Halwany Lebanese, Kamali, and Black Khalili, and their interactions and effects on some It is possible to summarize the most important results obtained: According to this study, Halwany surpassed Kamali and Black Khalili in petiole iron concentration and grape variety superiority. Halwany and Kamali were over the Black Khalili variety in the average concentration of potassium in the petioles, just as the grape varieties were over the Halwany variety in the average protein and phosphorus concentrations. The Black Khalili variety also outperformed the Halwany and Kamali varieties in zinc content and carbohydrate percentage. In leaf petioles, nitrogen content increased significantly after foliar application of Nauta organic fertilizer at 250 mg l-1. In addition to the superiority of foliar spraying at 500 mg l-1 of the same fertilizer in main stem carbohydrates, protein, phosphorus, and iron in leaf petioles. Foliar spraying with gibberellic acid, especially at a concentration of 100 mg l-1, led to a significant increase in the average of protein and the concentration of phosphorus, potassium, zinc and iron in the leaf petioles.
Effect of Spraying with an Extract of Roselle and Salicylic Acid on the Chemical Properties of Two Green Onion Cultivars (Allium Cepa L.)
Authors: Abboud Doaa Abbas , Kazem Maysoon Musa , Hajji Jamil Hassan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the winter agricultural season 2022-2023 at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture / University of Basra, Karma Ali, with the aim of studying spraying with roselle extract and salicylic acid and the interaction between them in the chemical characteristics of two varieties of green onions. The experiment included two factors, two varieties of onions (local white and local red) and seven concentrations of spraying three with roselle extract, which are (5, 10, 20) g. L-1 and three with salicylic acid (100, 150, 200) mg. L-1, in addition to the measurement treatment, by three sprays, between one spray and another, 10 days. It was carried out as a one-time split factorial experiment according to the randomized complete block design with three replications, and the medium means of the treatments were compared using the least significant difference at the level of probability 0.05. It was also found that there was no difference between the two cultivars in the content of the leaves of potassium, and the plants that were sprayed with roselle extract at a concentration of 20 mg excelled. L-1 in the aforementioned traits, except for the potassium content of the leaves, where the plants sprayed with roselle extract at a concentration of 10 mg were superior. L-1, as well as red onion plants that were sprayed with roselle extract at a concentration of 20 mg. L-1 showed significant superiority in leaves content of total chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus and protein percentage, while the leaves of red onion plants sprayed with roselle extract at a concentration of 10 mg were superior. L-1 in potassium content compared to the control treatment.