bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐palpable breast carcinomas: Correlation of mammographically detected malignant‐appearing microcalcifications and molecular prognostic factors
Authors: Karamouzis Michalis V. , Likaki‐Karatza Eleni , Ravazoula Panagiota , Badra Filitsa A. , Koukouras Dimitrios , Tzorakoleftherakis Evagelos , Papavassiliou Athanasios G. , Kalofonos Haralambos P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractScreening mammography has greatly increased the number of non‐palpable breast carcinomas diagnosed in asymptomatic women. Malignant‐appearing microcalcifications represent one of the earliest mammographic findings of non‐palpable breast carcinomas. Many studies have attempted to correlate radiological and histological features of malignant‐appearing microcalcifications. In the present study, we evaluated the association between mammographically detected malignant‐appearing microcalcifications and the expression profile of selected biological markers in non‐palpable breast carcinomas. Two hundred and eighty patients with non‐palpable suspicious breast lesions that were detected during screening mammography were studied. All patients underwent mammographically‐guided needle localization‐excision breast biopsy. Histological examination showed 74 (26.4%) carcinomas of various subtypes. Immunohistochemistry was carried out in 58/74 carcinomas by using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER‐2/neu, Bcl‐2, Bax, Fas and DNA fragmentation factor (DFF). Malignant‐appearing microcalcifications was the major mammographic finding in 45/58 (77%) patients. Nuclear ER positivity (65.5%) and PR positivity (46.5%) of non‐palpable breast carcinomas were statistically correlated with malignant‐appearing microcalcifications (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Statistically significant associations were also found between malignant‐appearing microcalcifications and HER‐2/neu positivity (p < 0.01), Bax positivity (p < 0.01), Fas positivity (p < 0.05) and DFF positivity (p < 0.01), whereas no statistical correlation was found with Bcl‐2 positivity (p > 0.05). Malignant‐appearing microcalcifications detected during screening mammography represent a diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic challenge. The mammographic/biological associations and their potential implications in the management of women with non‐palpable breast carcinomas are thoroughly discussed. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Population growth and intensification of land use in India
Authors: Mishra Vinod 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLinkages between population growth, socioeconomic development and agricultural intensification are examined using district‐level data for India for 1951, 1961, 1971, 1981 and 1991. Both cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses are carried out using multivariate methods. Results from the cross‐sectional analysis indicate that population pressure has positive and significant effects on each dimension of agricultural intensification (cropping frequency, artificial irrigation and chemical fertiliser use) for each census year between 1951 and 1991. Results from the longitudinal analysis for 1961–91 indicate that population growth has a positive effect on changes in each of the three intensification dimensions. The results hold even after controlling for the effects of regional differences in agroclimatic conditions and levels of social and economic development. The effects of socioeconomic variables are generally insignificant and do not alter the effects of population growth. The findings provide strong support for Boserup's land‐intensification hypothesis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interleukins 5 and 13 characterize immune responses to respiratory sensitizing acid anhydrides
Authors: Dearman Rebecca J. , Filby Andrew , Humphreys Ian R. , Kimber Ian 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThere is some debate regarding whether occupational asthma induced by respiratory sensitizing acid anhydrides is mediated by the induction of T helper (Th) 2‐type responses and the production of IgE, with failure to detect specific IgE antibody in some symptomatic patients. In the current investigations, cytokine secretion profiles induced in draining lymph node cells (LNC) by topical application to BALB/c strain mice of trimellitic anhydride (TMA), phthalic anhydride (PA) and maleic anhydride (MA) have been examined. Responses were compared with those induced by exposure to 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), a contact allergen that lacks respiratory sensitizing potential. Exposure to all three acid anhydrides stimulated vigorous expression of interleukin (IL)‐5, IL‐10 and IL‐13 but relatively low levels of the type 1 cytokines interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and IL‐12. In addition, TMA‐activated LNC expressed high levels of mitogen‐inducible IL‐4 whereas MA and PA displayed a lesser potential to elaborate this cytokine. The DNCB‐stimulated LNC exhibited the converse type 1 phenotype of cytokine expression. The CD4+ Th2 cells were the primary source of type 2 cytokines. Respiratory sensitizing acid anhydrides induce a predominantly Th2 cytokine phenotype, including the expression of IL‐5 and IL‐13, cytokines which in the presence of only very low levels of IL‐4 may provide for an IgE‐independent mechanism for the development of chemical respiratory allergy. These data provide additional support for the use of cytokine secretion profiling for the prospective identification of chemical respiratory allergens. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of vitamin E on reactive oxygen species‐mediated 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodi‐benzo‐p‐dioxin toxicity in rat testis
Authors: Latchoumycandane C. , Mathur P. P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study was undertaken to investigate whether treatment with vitamin E protects rat testis from oxidative stress induced by 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD). Male rats of Wistar strain were administered TCDD at doses of 1, 10 and 100 ng kg−1 body wt. day−1 for 45 days. Other groups of animals were co‐administered TCDD (1, 10 and 100 ng kg−1 body wt. day−1) and vitamin E (20 mg kg−1 body wt. day−1) for 45 days. Animals administered TCDD and those co‐administered TCDD and vitamin E did not show any significant change in body weight. Administration of TCDD decreased the weights of the testis, epididymis, seminal vesicles and ventral prostate. The daily sperm production decreased in the animals administered TCDD from the control values of 22.19 ± 2.67 to 13.10 ± 3.16 × 106. There was a significant decline in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase with concomitant increased levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation. Co‐administration of TCDD and vitamin E did not show any significant changes in the weights of the testis, epididymis, seminal vesicles and ventral prostate. The daily sperm production remained unchanged in the animals co‐administered TCDD and vitamin E. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation did not change in the animals co‐administered TCDD and vitamin E. The results suggested that administration of TCDD induces oxidative stress in testis, and vitamin E could impart a protective effect against TCDD‐induced oxidative stress. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review of L‐tyrosine confirming its safe human use as an adjuvant
Authors: Baldrick Paul , Richardson Derek , Wheeler Alan W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlthough there is a long history of exposure to allergy vaccines containing L‐tyrosine, there has been no central publication reviewing its adjuvant properties in animal and human studies together with an assessment of its safe use. This paper summarizes a range of investigational data (unpublished) available to the authors as well as published literature reports. An array of in vitro and in vivo studies showed that L‐tyrosine has ideal adjuvant properties, comprising a high adsorptive power for proteins, enhancement of IgG antibody induction with no stimulatory effect on IgE antibody level and action as a short‐term depot adjuvant, delaying the bioavailability of allergenic materials rather than directly influencing immunocompetent cells. A series of preclinical safety investigations comprised single‐dose parenteral studies in the mouse and rat, repeat‐dose parenteral toxicity studies over 28 days in the rat and dog (up to 25 mg kg−1 day−1) plus genotoxicity and local tolerance studies. No signs of toxicity or genotoxicity were seen; repeat‐dose toxicity studies showed expected white cell and spleen weight immunostimulatory effects; local‐dose site reactions were also seen and were confirmed in local tolerance studies. Findings from a range of clinical studies using allergy vaccines containing L‐tyrosine reflected the lack of toxicity seen in animal work and showed evidence of enhanced immunostimulatory activity. Local injection site reactions (a common response to any form of clinical vaccination) in these studies were likely to be due to the presence of L‐tyrosine per se. The lack of findings of toxicological concern found during this review supports the hypothesis that L‐tyrosine is a safe adjuvant for human use. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of glutathione transferase isoenzymes in the human H295R adrenal cell line and the effect of forskolin
Authors: Stark Tuula , Mankowitz Louise , DePierre Joseph W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn previous studies in our laboratory (L. Mankowitz, L. Staffas, M. Bakke, and J. Lund, Biochem J, 1995, 305, 111–118; L. Staffas, L. Mankowitz, M. Söderström, A. Blanck, I. Porsch‐Hällström, C. Sundberg, B. Mannervik, B. Olin, J. Rydström, and J.W. DePierre, Biochem J, 1992, 286, 65–72) isoenzymes of GST, primarily of the μ class, have been shown to be downregulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in rat and mouse adrenal cells. In the present investigation the human adrenal H295R cell line (W.E. Rainey, I.M. Bird, and J.I. Mason, Mol Cell Endocrinol, 1994, 100, 45–50) was examined in a similar manner. Analysis by reverse‐phase HPLC revealed that these cells express four isoenzymes of GST, i.e., A1, A2, P1, and M4, as well as another unidentified protein that was retained by our affinity column (elution time of 32 min) and, thus, presumably binds glutathione. Among these forms, A1 was present at the highest level. Upon addition of forskolin (an activator of adenylate cyclase which has been shown previously to mimic the effect of ACTH on adrenal cells) to the culture medium, the level of A1 decreased approximately 70% by forskolin, whereas the levels of the other isoenzymes were slightly increased, and that of the unknown form doubled. Thus, the influence of ACTH on expression of GST isoenzymes in this human adrenal cell line differs from that in rat and mouse adrenal cells. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 16:169–173, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10034
Alteration of thrombine‐signaling mechanism by heptachlor in human platelets
Authors: Moya de Juri María G. , Magnarelli de Potas Gladis , Pechen de D'Angelo Ana M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHeptachlor is a persistent organochlorine insecticide that has been detected in human tissues and fluids. The ability of heptachlor to interfere with platelet phosphoinositides metabolism and related signaling events stimulated by thrombin was evaluated. In vitro incubations with a concentration range of 1–100 μM heptachlor, prior to platelets activation, were performed. Experiments showed that 10 μM increased protein Kinase C (PKC) activity and phosphatidylinositolbiphosphate and phosphatidic acid phosphorylation. Simultaneously phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine breakdown were prevented. Similar effects were observed with HC 1 μM. However, heptachlor 100 μM increased phosphatidylinositolbiphosphate phosphorylation but reduced serine/threonine kinases activity. We propose that signal transduction steps downstream phospholipase C (PLC) are unphysiologically activated by heptachlor and facilitated by the increase in phosphatidylinositolbiphosphate, the substrate for PLC activity, thus producing an accumulation of phosphatidic acid. The elevated level of this compound itself or the transient increase in diacylglycerol produced may cause calcium mobilization and the activation of PKC. In contrast with the alterations observed in phospholipids and protein phosphorylation, no changes in aggregation properties were observed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 16:189–196, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10037
Innovation: Your stealth weapon against global competition
Authors: Shapiro Stephen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCEOs are on edge from a series of shocks: the dotcom meltdown; post‐9/11 market drop;

Enron; and a declining global economy. To make matters worse, there's increasing resistance as U.S.

companies try to expand globally. What's the answer? You must create a business that can adapt quickly

and flexibly to change, says the author. And the way to do it is to inject innovation into decision making

throughout your company. Here are some strategies that work. © 2002 Wiley

Periodicals, Inc.
Surviving culture clash: How to read German financial statements
Authors: Goldberg Stephen R. , Godwin Joseph H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAs global business expands, more U.S. firms want to buy foreign companies—or invest in them, form

alliances, or extend credit to them. So U.S. firms examine foreign companies' financial statements to

gauge the risk. But cultural— as well as accounting—differences can get in the way. For example,

financial statements for German companies can befuddle a U.S. reader. What must you know to really understand

them? © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two views of employee behavior
Authors: Goldberg Stephen R. , Godwin Joseph H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNiven, Paul R. 2002. Balanced Scorecard, Step‐by‐Step (New York: John

Wiley and Sons).Pickett, K. H. Spencer, and Jennifer M. Pickett. 2002. Financial Crime Investigation and

Control (New York: John Wiley and Sons).
Ketoconazole potentiates terfenadine‐induced apoptosis in human Hep G2 cells through inhibition of cytochrome p450 3A4 activity
Authors: Wang Ying‐Jan , Yu Cheng‐Fei , Chen Li‐Ching , Chen Chien‐Ho , Lin Jen‐Kun , Liang Yu‐Chih , Lin Chien‐Huang , Lin Shyr‐Yi , Chen Chin‐Fa , Ho Yuan‐Soon 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTerfenadine (TF) is a highly potent histamine H1 receptor antagonist that in clinically effective doses is free of significant central nervous system side effects. Ketoconazole (KT) is a worldwide used oral antifungal agent with a broad spectrum of activity against both superficial and systemic mycosis. Simultaneously administration of KT and TF has been reported to induce several potent symptoms including cardiotoxicity, excitotoxicity, inhibition of blood mononuclear cells proliferation, and cardiovascular toxicity. However, the intracellular molecular mechanisms of TF–KT interactions in cells were still uncertain. In this study, we first demonstrated that TF (5–30 μM) induced apoptosis in several types of human cancer cell lines including human hepatoma (Hep G2), colorectal cancer (COLO 205), and fibroblast (CCD 922SK) cells for 24 h. The cellular responses to TF‐induced apoptosis were demonstrated to be associated with the p53‐signaling pathway, including induction of p53, p21/Cip1, p27/Kip1, bax protein expression and inhibition of bcl‐2 protein expression. To realized the role of H1 receptor involved in TF‐induced apoptosis, different H1 receptor antagonists including promethazine, mequitazine, and chlorpheniramin (50–100 μM) were administered and demonstrated that these chemicals cannot induced apoptosis through the H1 receptor signaling pathway. Interestingly, we found that the apoptotic effect of TF (2.5 μM) was significantly potentiated by KT (1 μM) treatment in Hep G2 cells through inhibition of the cytochrome p450 3A4 (CYP 3A4) activity. Such results were demonstrated by decreased of the TF activity with recombinant CYP 3A4, which prepared from baculovirus‐infected insect cells. Our results provide the molecular basis of TF–KT interaction and this information should allow more rational forecasting of the risk for TF therapy during co‐administration of KT. J. Cell. Biochem. 87: 147–159, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New partial difference sets in p‐groups
Authors: Hou Xiang‐Dong 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLatin square type partial difference sets (PDS) are known to exist in R × R for various abelian p‐groups R and in ℤt. We construct a family of Latin square type PDS in ℤt × ℤ2ntp using finite commutative chain rings. When t is odd, the ambient group of the PDS is not covered by any previous construction. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 10: 394–402, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10029
Polymorphisms for interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) –590 promoter, IL‐4 intron3, and tumor necrosis factor alpha –308 promoter: Non‐association with endometriosis
Authors: Hsieh Yao‐Yuan , Chang Chi‐Chen , Tsai Fuu‐Jen , Hsu Yuan , Tsai Horng‐Der , Tsai Chang‐Hai 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInterleukin‐4 (IL‐4) is a cytokine with anti‐inflammatory properties. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), a pluripotent proinflammatory cytokine, plays an important role in the process of numerous inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We aimed to investigate whether gene polymorphisms for the IL‐4 –590 promoter, IL‐4 intron3 and TNFα –308 promoter could be used as markers of susceptibility in endometriosis. The subjects, 226 premenopausal Taiwan Chinese women with surgically diagnosed endometriosis and nonendometriosis, were divided into two groups: 1) endometriosis (n = 120) and 2) nonendometriosis (n = 106). Polymorphisms for the IL‐4 –590 promoter, IL‐4 intron3, and TNFα –308 G‐to‐A promoter were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Genotypes and allelic frequencies for these gene polymorphisms in both groups were compared. We observed no significant differences in genotype distribution and allele frequency of the IL‐4 –590 promoter, IL‐4 intron3, and TNFα gene polymorphism between both groups. The proportions of the –590*C homozygote/heterozygote/–590* T homozygote for the IL‐4 promoter in both groups were 1.6/31.6/66.6% in group 1, and 5.8/33.0/61.2% in group 2. The proportions of the RP1 homozygote/heterozygote/RP2 homozygote for IL‐4 intron3 in both groups were 62.5/34.1/2.5% (group 1), and 64.1/32.0/3.9% (group 2). The proportions of –308*A homozygote/heterozygote/–308*G homozygote for the TNFα promoter in both groups were 7.5/20.8/71.7% (group 1), and 7.5/17/75.5% (group 2). We concluded that there is no association between endometriosis and the IL‐4 and TNFα gene polymorphisms. The IL‐4 –590 promoter, IL‐4 intron3, and TNFα –308 G‐to‐A polymorphisms are not useful markers for predicting susceptibility to endometriosis. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:121–126, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of the eie‐recombinant‐chagas‐biomanguinhos kit to monitor cure of human chagas’ disease
Authors: Silva Edimilson D. , Pereira Valéria R.A. , Gomes Juliana A.S. , Lorena Virgínia Maria B. , Cançado Joaquim R. , Ferreira Antonio G.P. , Krieger Marco Aurélio , Goldenberg Samuel , Correa‐Oliveira Rodrigo , Gomes Yara M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe used the EIE‐Recombinant‐Chagas‐Biomanguinhos kit (EIE‐Rec kit) developed by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil, to monitor cure of chagasic patients who were treated during the acute phase of T. cruzi infection. Treated patients were previously studied by parasitological and serological tests and classified as cured patients (CP) (n = 10), dissociated patients (DP) (n = 6), and noncured patients (NCP) (n = 6). When sera of these patients were assayed by EIE‐Rec kit all sera from NCP and all sera from CP showed positive and negative reactions, respectively. These results were in full agreement with those obtained previously by the classical tests. Two DP showed a positive reaction; the remaining four displayed a negative reaction, similar to that observed in sera from nonchagasic (NCh) individuals, and could therefore be considered CP. Our results suggest that the EIE‐Rec kit could be used to monitor the efficacy of Chagas’ disease treatment. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:132–136, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of a single‐step multiplex RT‐PCR for influenza virus type and subtype detection in respiratory samples
Authors: Poddar Saibal K. , Espina Rowena , Schnurr David P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA single‐step multiplex reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for the simultaneous detection of influenza virus type and subtypes was evaluated for its use in clinical specimens. One part of each specimen was tested using an established standard culture and/or monoclonal antibody‐based immunofluorescence assay method, and the other part was tested by the multiplex RT‐PCR method for the presence or absence of the influenza virus, and its type and subtype. Sixty‐seven specimens were examined. The results revealed a strong agreement between the data obtained by the established method and those obtained by the multiplex RT‐PCR. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:163–166, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Robotic inhibition assay for determination of HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors in human plasma
Authors: Fang Wei , Liu Lida , Hsieh John Y.‐K. , Zhao Jamie , Matuszewski Bogdan K. , Rogers John D. , Dobrinska Michael R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe cholesterol‐lowering drug simvastatin (SIMV, Zocor®) reduced heart attacks by 42% in patients who had high cholesterol levels and suffered from heart disease. Upon oral administration, SIMV is quickly hydrolyzed to its β‐hydroxyacid and other acid metabolites, which are potent inhibitors of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. A Tecan‐based enzyme inhibition assay has been developed to improve the existing Zymark‐based assay for the determination of both active and total concentrations of HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors in human plasma. A Tecan Genesis 200 robotic workstation equipped with eight probes and customized hardware was utilized to achieve higher sample throughput and improve assay reproducibility and mechanical stability. The developed enzyme inhibition assay was validated over two concentration ranges of 0.4–20 ng equivalent/mL, and 2–50 ng equivalent/mL. Intra‐ and interday precision data (coefficient of variation (CV)) for both concentration ranges were less than 9%, with an accuracy of 93–107%. The interday precision for the determination of quality control (QC) samples was less than 2% and 8%, respectively. The respective interday QC accuracy values were 93–103% and 97–104%. Good linearity across the two concentration ranges was observed, with acceptable reproducibility. This improved enzyme inhibition assay has been utilized to analyze human plasma samples from several clinical studies. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:209–215, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.