bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Principles in Revealing the Working Mechanisms of Brain. Part IV
Authors: Mazilu Nicolae 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The living brain is physically modeled as a universe, equivalent, in a way, to the physical universe we live in. While in the case of the physical universe the gravitation prevails, in the brain universe, if we may, the electricity prevails, but the mathematical description we provide is essentially the same in both cases. What is imperiously necessary in this approach is, first, a metric description of matter, then, of course, the physical interpretation of this description. These issues were treated, but only in their believed essentials, in the previous three instalments of the present work. The object of the present episode of the work is a classical space image of the matter. This image is worked out here having in the background the idea of a necessary physical connection between the matter of a universe and its fundamental physical structure. The matter can be characterized ‘optically’ as a Maxwell fish-eye, while the fundamental physical structure must be a dipole. Both these concepts are universal.
PI Controller Based Automatic Power Factor Correction (APFC) Using Capacitor Bank
Authors: Naqash Muhammad Younis , Rashid Zeeshan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPower factor plays an important role in electrical industries. Low power factor results in loss of power and poor handling capacity. This factor can be overcome by using capacitors in parallel to the load. Since capacitor draws a leading while inductor draws a lagging current, hence by adjusting capacitor banks parallel to the load, it will level the power factor in the line. Earlier, the process of power factor improvement was done through manual connection of capacitor bank. Later a power factor corrector named the automated power factor corrector (APFC) was proposed. It uses a switched capacitor circuit to improve power factor. In this research, the power factor value from the load is measured and it also includes the installation of APFC unit using a PI controller. The design of this auto-adjustable power factor correction scheme is to ensure that the grid power system always operates under the specified power factor. Actual work of APFC is that it selects the capacitor bank for power factor improvement. The capacitor bank block will choose automatically to further improve the power factor. This process goes on until the required power factor is obtained. Later on, this will automatically turn off the connection between the capacitor bank and the circuit. Furthermore, power saving with power factor after improvement is also discussed in the paper. Here APFC plays a key role in order to decrease the time taken to correct the power factor, which is ultimately beneficial to increase the efficiency of the motors and all inductive loads.
A New RMF Stirrer Using AISI4140 Mild Steel: Energy Optimization Application
Authors: Citak Hakan , Bicakci Sabri , Coramik Mustafa , Gunes Huseyin , Ege Yavuz 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study examines the development of a novel FPGA-based RMF stirrer system. The system has been designed as a 3-phase system, with each phase being fed by PWM voltage with a phase difference of 120°. In case the system is driven at a 100 % duty cycle, the force acting on the magnetic fish remains continuous and constant until the subsequent phase changes. In such a case, at speeds under 400 rpm, the speed of the magnetic fish fails to be synchronized with the phase change speed. The magnetic fish, therefore, rotates more than 120° and the force is observed to cause a braking effect. Both fluid logic control (FLC) and virtual model control (VMC) were utilised to enable the system to be driven at a different duty cycle. The energy efficiency of the system for fluids with different viscosities has been attempted to be thereby improved with a lower current and shorter excitation time. With FLC and VMC control, the energy consumed by the system is reduced and the efficiency is increased, and approximately 95 % energy gain is obtained for liquids with viscosity up to 1.03 Pa·s. It has been experimentally proven that a lower limit value of the duty cycle of the PWM signal applied to the drive circuit of the system depends on the viscosity of the mixed liquid and a lower limit value increases with increasing viscosity. It has also been found that controlling the system with FLC and VMC does not have a great effect on the energy gain.
Evaluation of the Physical-Mechanical Properties of OSB Panels (Oriented Strand Board) With Different Types of Adhesives and Particle Orientations
Authors: Napoli Lygia Maria , Natalli Luiz Henrique , Bednarczuk Ezaquel , Mustefaga Erick Chagas , Tavares Everton Lorenzett , Barbosa Andressa Vitoria Xavier , Hillig Everton 
Published: December 2023

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of OSB (Oriented Strand Board) panels produced with different particle orientations and adhesive formulations.

Method: The panels were produced using strand particles of Pinus taeda, with a nominal density of 0.65 g/cm³ in two particle orientations (oriented and random) and three adhesive formulations (100% phenol formaldehyde, 100% tannin and 50% phenol formaldehyde + 50% tannin), distributed in six treatments. The tests were carried out according to the standards established by the EN 300 (2006) standards.

Results and conclusion: The results showed that using the mixture of the phenol and tannin adhesive had better results for the swelling, water absorption properties and the static bending. It was not possible to determine the best type of adhesive to be used, as the results showed an equivalence between the two types of adhesives used, as well as the mixture between them. It was observed that the use of mixtures with 50% of each adhesive can be used in the production process of OSB panels, allowing new alternatives of adhesives for the industries.

Research implications: This research investigates the possibility of using different types of natural adhesives in the manufacture of wooden panels, contributing to reducing the use of materials that are harmful to the environment and reducing costs in panel production, contributing to more sustainable production.
ANALISIS GERAKAN LITERASI SEKOLAH (GLS) DI SDN 015 SUNGAI PINANG TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2022/2023
Authors: Gamar Gamar Al Haddar , Afdal Afdal , Yudelsam Yudelsam 
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS) dan kendala dalam penerapan Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS) di SDN 015 Sungai Pinang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Dalam penelitian ini teknik penggumpulan data yang digunakan meliputi wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SDN 015 Sungai Pinang dari bulan februari 2023 sampai bulan Mei 2023. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan uji keabsahan yakni triangulasi teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan adanya Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS) khususnya literasi baca tulis dapat meningkatkan minat baca tulis siswa. Dalam penelitian ini ada delapan indikator yaitu rutin membaca, diskusi buku, perpustakaan kelas, penghargaan baca buku, rajin menulis, pemanfaatan teknologi, fasilitas dan kegiatan proses belajar mengajar. Ditemukan adanya dua indikator yang belum maksimal dalam pelaksanaannya yaitu perpustakaan kelas dan pemanfaatan teknologi karena adanya beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi hal tersebut belum terlaksana dengan baik. Selebihnya indikator tersebut sudah mendukung kegiatan gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS) di SDN 015 Sungai Pinang. Dalam Kegiatan pembelajaran minat siswa terhadap baca tulis sudah baik. Kendala dalam penerapan Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS) di SDN 015 Sungai Pinang yakni fasilitas perpustakaan sekolah kurang lengkap , kurangnya buku bacaan yang mnarik bagi para siswa dan teknologi yang ada belum dimanfaatkan dengan baik dalam proses pembelajaran agar menarik minat baca tulis siswa. Keterbatasan yang ada tidak menjadi kendala bagi para guru yakni guru mengajar siswa dengan baik dan menyenangkan di dalam kelas.
Removal of DB71 Dye from Water Using Shrimp-shell Chitosan
Authors: Van Son Tran , Thanh Ha Nguyen , Thanh Binh Dong 
Published: December 2023

Chitosan is a natural-derived polymer which has been used for water treatment due to its biodegradability. In this study, chitosan adsorbent was successfully fabricated from shrimp crust. The chitosan adsorbents were characterized using FTIR, SEM, and Zeta potential analysis. The experimental results indicated that fabricated chitosan in this study has similar properties to standard chitosan from Sigma-Aldrich which contains functional groups such as -OH, -CH, C-O-C, saccharide rings and amide groups I, II, III. Furthermore, the surface morphology of the adsorbent is moderately flat and the pHPZC was 7.2. Chitosan in flake forms could adsorb DB71 dye in water with a concentration of 35 ppm at the efficiency of 100%. The optimal conditions for the dye removal were at 0.2 g/L of concentration and contact time of 60 minutes. The dye is well adsorbed by chitosan in acidic environment with optimal pH of 3. The main mechanisms of dye adsorption onto the chitosan adsorbent maybe ion exchange or complexation.
<p>Fears and perceptions of the application of formative and shared assessment by a novel physical education teacher <sub>[Miedos y percepciones de la aplicación de la evaluación formativa y compartida por un docente novel de Educación Física]</sub></p>
Authors: Palacios-Gómez Javier , Hortigüela-Alcalá David , Hernando-Garijo Alejandra 
Published: December 2023

Formative and shared evaluation (FSA) implies a methodological change in the teaching-learning process, allowing students to be active agents of their own learning. Students emphasize what and how they are learning, generating more conscious and solid situations. However, introducing it in Physical Education (PE) sessions is an arduous task, due to its complexity and conception, from which difficulties arise for its optimal implementation. This research, with a qualitative paradigm and autoethnographic approach, has the following objectives: a) to identify fears and insecurities of a novel PE teacher in the implementation of FSA, as well as the difficulties encountered; and b) to analyse the participation and involvement of students because of the implementation of FSA. The categories of analysis that structure this research are a) fears and insecurities shown by students and teachers because of its implementation and development; and b) student involvement and motivation as a consequence of its development and how it affects their teaching-learning processes. The results obtained have been the causes of reluctance towards the methodology, and the students' identification of the benefits of using the methodology to improve their learning.
Resumen
La evaluación formativa y compartida (EFyC) supone un cambio metodológico en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, permitiendo al alumnado ser un agente activo del propio aprendizaje. El alumnado enfatiza qué y cómo está aprendiendo, generando situaciones más conscientes y sólidas. Sin embargo, introducirlo en las sesiones de Educación Física (EF) supone una tarea ardua, debida a su complejidad y concepción, de las cuales surgen dificultades para su óptima implementación. Esta investigación, de paradigma cualitativo y corte autoetnográfico plantea los siguientes objetivos: a) identificar miedos e inseguridades de un docente novel de EF en la implementación de la EFyC, así como las dificultades encontradas; y, b) analizar la participación e implicación del alumnado como consecuencia de la implementación de la EFyC. Las categorías de análisis que estructuran esta investigación son: a) miedos e inseguridades del docente y discente como consecuencia de su implementación y desarrollo; y, b) implicación y motivación del estudiante en el proceso como consecuencia de su desarrollo y cómo afecta a sus procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Los resultados obtenidos han sido la causas de reticencias hacia la metodología, y la identificación del alumnado de los beneficios del uso de la metodología para mejorar su aprendizaje.
5-hydroxytryptamine-evoked contractile activity of large gut in neonatal albino rats
Authors: Singh Shuchita , Mandal Maloy B. , Dixit Devarshi , Sharma Parul 
Published: December 2023

Objectives:
Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter. It is abundantly present in the gut of mammals. The extent to which it contributes to the contraction of the neonatal gut requires further investigation. This study aimed to assess the effect of 5-HT on the contractions of the large intestine in newborn albino rats.

Materials and Methods:
The colon and rectum samples were collected from neonatal and adult albino rats for analysis. Further, in an organ bath, isometric contractions of these isolated gut segments were recorded, in vitro, using a force transducer and a computerised chart recorder, with and without 5-HT in different groups. The 5-HT-induced contractions were also recorded in gut segments pre-treated with various antagonists.

Results:
5-HT (0.01–10 μM) caused a significantly (P < 0.05) greater contractile response (g/g wet tissue) in neonate rats as compared to adults. The response was greater in the rectum as compared to the colon in both neonates and adults. In neonate rats, ondansetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, could not block the 5-HT-induced large gut contractions, while, in adult rats, it significantly blocked the 5-HT-evoked gut contractility. Methysergide, a 5-HT1/2/5-7 antagonist, blocked the response in both the adult and neonate rectum.

Conclusion:
The 5-HT-evoked response is mediated through 5-HT3 receptor subtypes in adults but not in neonate colon and rectum, indicating possible changes in the distribution of 5-HT receptors in the colon and rectum during development. Furthermore, atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic blocker) and hexamethonium (a ganglion blocker) could not affect the 5-HT-evoked responses in the neonate or adult rats’ colons or rectum. The effect of 5-HT did not appear to involve cholinergic or enteric ganglionic elements.
IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN DIREKTUR JENDERAL IMIGRASI NOMOR IMI-1489.UM.08.05 TAHUN 2010 TENTANG PENANGANAN IMIGRAN ILEGAL (Studi di Kantor Imigrasi Kelas 1 Pekanbaru)
Authors: Adni Dita Fisdian , Wardana Data 
Published: December 2023

Since the last few years, the city of Pekanbaru be used as a storage area that is visited by many illegal immigrants who mostly come from the countries of the Middle East that is in conflict such as Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, Iran and other countries. In its development, the increasing arrival and presence of illegal immigrants in the city of Pekanbaru has presented its own problems that feared will have an impact in the sector of ideology, political, economic, social, cultural, national security, immigration insecurity. While Immigration Office Class 1 Pekanbaru city itself is an institution that is given tasks and responsibilities within the Director General of Immigration regulation Number IMI-1489.UM.08.05 in 2010 on the handling illegal immigrants through its Head of Immigration Office to keeping an eye the illegal immigrants who were in the city of Pekanbaru and also for registration and periodic reporting of data for each month both qualitative and quantitative data are reported to the Director General of Immigration. Results from this study is the Director General of Immigration Regulation Number IMI-1489.UM.08.05 in 2010 on the Handling Illegal Immigrants can be categorized enough implemented. This can be seen from almost all sub-indicators such as communication, resources, dispotition and bureaucratic structure can be found in the implementation of the Director General of Immigration Regulation Number IMI-1489.UM.08.05 in 2010 on the handling Illegal Immigrants, although there are still some shortcomings and weaknesses in the implementation of these regulations.
Perhitungan Potensi Energi Angin di Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Ar Irine Rahmani Utami , Jumarang Muhammad Ishak , Apriansyah Apriansyah 
Published: December 2023

Telah dilakukan penelitianuntuk mengetahui potensi energi angin di wilayah Kalimantan Barat. Perhitungan potensi energi angin menggunakan data kecepatan angin tahun 2006 s.d. 2015 di 14 kabupaten/kota. Data tersebut diolah dengan menggunakan software surfer dan dianalisis berdasarkan empat kondisi musim di Indonesia.Hasil perhitunganmenunjukanrata-rata daya listrik tertinggi pada Musim Barat, Musim Timur dan Musim Peralihan II per wilayah di Kalimantan Barat berada di Kabupaten Ketapang dengan nilai berturut-turut yaitu 562,22 Watt, 1013,39 Watt dan 173,18 Watt. Hasil yang sangat berbeda diperoleh Musim Peralihan I dimanarata-rata daya listriknya hanya berkisar antara 0,10 s.d 0,77 Watt. Hal tersebut menunjukan daya listrik tertinggi terjadi pada Musim Timur dan berada pada Kabupaten Ketapang dengan nilai sebesar 1013,39 Watt. Namun dengan daya listrik tersebut Kabupaten Ketapang belum berpotensi menghasilkan daya listrik kontinu di Kalimantan Barat. Kata kunci :EnergiAngin, Daya Listrik, Kalimantan BaratTelah dilakukan penelitianuntuk mengetahui potensi energi angin di wilayah Kalimantan Barat. Perhitungan potensi energi angin menggunakan data kecepatan angin tahun 2006 s.d. 2015 di 14 kabupaten/kota. Data tersebut diolah dengan menggunakan software surfer dan dianalisis berdasarkan empat kondisi musim di Indonesia.Hasil perhitunganmenunjukanrata-rata daya listrik tertinggi pada Musim Barat, Musim Timur dan Musim Peralihan II per wilayah di Kalimantan Barat berada di Kabupaten Ketapang dengan nilai berturut-turut yaitu 562,22 Watt, 1013,39 Watt dan 173,18 Watt. Hasil yang sangat berbeda diperoleh Musim Peralihan I dimanarata-rata daya listriknya hanya berkisar antara 0,10 s.d 0,77 Watt. Hal tersebut menunjukan daya listrik tertinggi terjadi pada Musim Timur dan berada pada Kabupaten Ketapang dengan nilai sebesar 1013,39 Watt. Namun dengan daya listrik tersebut Kabupaten Ketapang belum berpotensi menghasilkan daya listrik kontinu di Kalimantan Barat. Kata kunci :EnergiAngin, Daya Listrik, Kalimantan Barat
Synthesis of Pure and Manganese Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by a Solution Growth Technique: Structural and Optical Investigation
Authors: Antwi Raymond A. , Nkrumah Isaac , Ampong Francis K. , Paal Mark , Tamakloe Reuben Y. , Nkum Robert K. , Boakye Francis 
Published: December 2023

Pure and manganese doped zinc oxide nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized over the composition range, Zn1-xMnxO (0<x<0.5), by a solution growth process. The effect of Mn doping on the structure, morphology and optical properties were investigated by several techniques. X-Ray diffraction studies confirmed the formation of a single-phase polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO within the range, 0 < x < 0.3. No Mn related secondary phases were detected, within this range, which could be attributed to the fact that the dopant atoms had been well incorporated into the ZnO crystal lattice. For Zn1-xMnxO (x = 0.5), several low intensity peaks belonging to remnants of Manganese acetate were observed in the diffractogram, establishing a solubility limit for the synthesis technique used. The variation of d-spacing with Mn percent doping showed a very good agreement with Vergard’s law within the range (0<x<0.25). EDAX analysis of the nanoparticles was consistent with the formation of Mn doped ZnO. The optical band gap of the ZnO nanoparticles decreased linearly with increasing Mn percent doping, suggesting the possibility of tuning the band gap of ZnO by doping with Mn.
Impact Of Social Media Advertising on The Profitability of SMEs In Sulaymaniyah City
Authors: Ali Qadir Karwan , Afrasyaw Fatah Naji 
Published: December 2023

Nowadays, companies are allocating more budgets to be spent for marketing processes, so they can recognize their products and services by customers to reach the highest sales revenue. However, companies worldwide have taken advantage of social media platforms; in particular, SNS to promote and market their products. As such, the main purpose of this study is to assess and explore the influences of social media advertising on the profitability of Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Sulaymaniyah.
The study population considers the total SMEs registered in the Sulaymaniyah Chamber of Commerce & Industry - SCCI. However, the selected sample is a purposive sample, which includes those managers of companies who advertise intensively on social media platforms, which are considered by researchers as the best representative of the research population.
Based on the findings of the regression and correlation analysis, it appears that; in general, social media has helped the improvement of the sales of goods and services of SMEs and therefore; led to an increase in the profit of SMEs in Sulaymaniyah. The results of this current study motivate the researchers to recommend SMEs in the SULAYMANIYAH that more promotional schemes should be launched and planned to promote e-marketing business by using social media advertising.
Kelimpahan Fauna Tanah dan Hubungannya dengan Karakteristik Tapak pada Vegetasi Submontana di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango
Authors: Wasis Basuki , Winata Bayu , Safaaturrohmah Nur Ula 
Published: December 2023

Soil fauna is a biotic soil component that can be used as fertility bio-indicators. This altitude difference is thought to affect the soil fauna. This research aims to identify differences in the abundance of soil mesofauna and macrofauna at the study site and to analyze the relationship between climatic and edaphic factors. Sampling measuring 20 m x 20 m was placed by purposive sampling at 1.250, 1.350, 1.450 m asl, and open area (1.200 m asl) for vegetation analysis and subplots were carried out by purposive sampling on three sample subplots measuring (1 m x 1 m) for soil samples and environmental factors. The highest soil fauna was found at an altitude of 1.350 m asl (265 individual / m2) and the lowest was in the open area (11 individual / m2). The different test results showed that the altitude of 1.250 and 1.450 m asl was not significantly different, while the altitude of 1.350 m asl and in open area showed a significant difference. The relationship between the population of soil fauna and climatic factors such as ambient temperature and sunlight intensity has a negative correlation value, while humidity shows a positive correlation value. Edaphic factors such as pH, and cation exchange capacity, have negative correlation, while litter weight, respiration, and soil porosity show positive correlation values.
Keywords: climatic, edaphic, population, soil fauna, submontane