bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural biologic effects of sonography with pulse inversion and microbubble contrast in rabbit liver
Authors: Caruso Giuseppe , Valentino Biagio , Salvaggio Giuseppe , Lipari Elvira Farina , Lipari Diego , Brancatelli Giuseppe , Lagalla Roberto , Cardinale Adelfio Elio 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPurposeThis prospective study was conducted to evaluate the biologic effects of microbubble destruction with pulse‐inversion harmonic imaging on rabbit liver parenchyma.MethodsThe livers of 6 albino rabbits were examined sonographically by a single investigator. Three rabbits underwent contrast‐enhanced sonography, with scanning starting 5 seconds after injection by using pulse‐inversion harmonic imaging with a mechanical index of 1.2. Four time‐triggered images were recorded at a rate of 1 frame every 2 seconds. For comparison, 3 control rabbits had pulse‐inversion harmonic imaging with a mechanical index of 1.2 only, without contrast medium. Immediately after sonography, the animals were killed and uninterrupted, thin serial sections of the liver from both groups were analyzed by energy‐filtered transmission electron microscopy.ResultsThe hepatic parenchyma of rabbits exposed to contrast agents had ultrastructural damage: mitochondria with fragmented crests; interrupted rough endoplasmic reticulum; enlarged intercellular spaces; highly vacuolized cytoplasmic areas; dilated sinusoids, sometimes with an irregular and interrupted endothelial wall; fragmented hepatocyte microvilli in dilated spaces of Disse; fragmented or missing microvilli in bile canaliculi; vacuolated and lysosome‐deprived hepatic cytoplasm around the bile canaliculi; markedly injured or fragmented endothelium in larger vessels; and damaged basal membrane. Control‐group results indicated that exposure to ultrasound alone did not cause ultrastructural damage to hepatic cells.ConclusionsSimultaneous exposure to contrast administration and pulse‐inversion harmonic imaging with a high mechanical index causes ultrastructural damage in the rabbit liver. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 33:106–111, 2005
Differential diagnosis of hepatic cystic lesions with gray‐scale and color Doppler sonography
Authors: Liang Ping , Cao Bingsheng , Wang Yan , Yu Xiaoling , Yu Dejiang , Dong Baowei 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPurposeThis study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of sonography, especially color Doppler sonography, in the differential diagnosis of cystic hepatic lesions.MethodsNinety‐two pathologically or clinically proven hepatic cystic lesions (20 cystic malignancies, 24 abscesses, and 48 simple cysts) were evaluated with gray‐scale and color Doppler sonography. The sonographic features were analyzed retrospectively. The percentage, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the sonographic features of each disease category were calculated.ResultsOn gray‐scale sonography, the simple cysts were easily distinguished from cystic malignancies and abscesses. While no significant differences were found between hepatic cystic malignancies and hepatic abscesses with respect to the number, shape, margin status, and presence of thick wall of the lesion, the presence of septation and mural nodules was significantly higher in the cystic malignancies than in abscesses. The sensitivity and specificity of color Doppler sonography in differentiating cystic malignancies from abscesses and simple cysts were 85% and 96%, respectively.ConclusionsColor Doppler sonography provides information about blood flow that supplements that gained on gray‐scale sonography, and the presence of color signals in the solid portion of the cystic lesions carries a high diagnostic value in differentiating hepatic cystic malignancies from abscesses and simple cysts. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 33:100–105, 2005
Extranodal primary B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast mimicking acute mastitis
Authors: Grubstein Ahuva , Givon‐Madhala Osnat , Morgenstern Sara , Cohen Maya 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe report a case of primary, high‐grade non‐Hodgkin B‐cell lymphoma in the breast of a young woman. The clinical and sonographic presentation was not of a mass but of an infiltrating anechoic process mimicking mastitis. Primary breast lymphoma is a rare entity, especially in young females. Early detection and treatment are crucial because the results of salvage treatment are generally poor. In previous imaging reports of breast lymphoma, it has always been considered as a mass, though the presence of markedly hypoechoic regions that look like fluid collections is a well known sonographic characteristic of lymphoma. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 33:140–142, 2005
Rare right ventricular myxoma detected incidentally on a FAST examination
Authors: Brestas Paraskevas S. , Malagari Katerina S. , Kelekis Dimitrios A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA young man underwent Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) scan for blunt abdominal trauma. An incidental finding on the pericardial view was the presence of a tumor in the right ventricle. Detailed cardiac imaging and subsequent excision revealed the presence of a myxoma. The patient had no obvious cardiac symptoms, but the awareness and experience of the examiner during the FAST examination detected this rare heart tumor at a latent stage, preventing serious, irreversible complications. This case demonstrates the potential importance of looking above the diaphragm during routine abdominal sonography, especially in patients who are critically ill. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 33:143–145, 2005
On restricted connectivities of permutation graphs
Authors: Balbuena C. , Marcote X. , García‐Vázquez P. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA permutation graph (or generalized prism) Gπ of a graph G is obtained by taking two disjoint copies of G and adding an arbitrary matching between the two copies. Permutation graphs can be seen as suitable models for building larger interconnection networks from smaller ones without increasing significantly their maximum transmission delays, in such a way that these larger networks are highly fault‐tolerant. For permutations graphs, in this article we provide conditions that guarantee optimal values for two parameters of connectivity, λ′ and κ′. For a connected graph G the restricted edge‐connectivity λ′(G) is defined as the minimum cardinality of a restricted edge‐cut; that is, the minimum cardinality of a set S of edges such that G − S is not connected and S does not contain the set of incident edges of any vertex of the graph. A graph G is said to be λ′‐optimal if λ′(G) = ξ(G), where ξ(G) is the minimum edge‐degree in G defined as ξ(G) = min{d(u) + d(v) − 2 : uv ∈ E(G)}, and d(u) denotes the degree of vertex u. Among other things, we prove that permutation graphs satisfy: min{λ′(G) + δ(G), 2λ′(G), ξ(Gπ)} ≤ λ′(Gπ) ≤ ξ(Gπ) if |V(G) | ≥ ξ(G) + 2. Furthermore, min{ 2λ′(G), ξ(Gπ)} ≤ λ′(Gπ) ≤ ξ(Gπ) if G is triangle‐free. We also study the vertex case considering the restricted connectivity κ′(G) and relating it to the superconnectivity κ1(G); the latter is defined as the minimum cardinality of a set of vertices, if any, whose deletion disconnects G in such a way that every remaining component has at least two vertices. For instance, we prove that 2κ(G) ≤ κ1(G) ≤ κ′(Gπ) ≤ ξ(Gπ) if G is triangle‐free and the permutation graph has no cycles of length five. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 45(3), 113–118 2005
Continuous Counteracting Chromatographic Electrophoresis
Authors: Ivory Cornelius F. , Gobie William A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCounteracting chromatographic electrophoresis (CACE) uses opposing electric and convective fields to focus proteins at the boundary separating distinct granular gel phases. In batch operation, CACE can purify, stack, and concentrate gram quantities of proteins. This technique has been extended to continuous operation by modifying the batch column. Experiments were then used to demonstrate operation of the column. The principles underlying focusing and separation are elucidated by linear chromatography theory.
Two‐Barrel Bile‐Acids‐Sensitive Microelectrodes Based on Liquid Ion Exchanger
Authors: Bi Yu , Wen‐Bin Hong 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSeveral liquid membrane microelectrodes sensitive to bile acids (two barrel, tip diameter about 0.5 μm) are described. The results of different liquid ion exchangers such as Aliquat 336/decanol, trioctylmethylammonium/decanol, hexadecyltrimethylammonium/ decanol, benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium/ decanol, hexadecyltributylammonium/5% hexachlorobenzene + 0.5% bromoacetanilide in o‐dichlorobenzene are compared with each other, and the better one among them is the mixture of benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium cholate/decanol with hexadecyltributylammonium taurocholate/5% hexachlorobenzene + 0.5% bromoacetanilide in o‐dichlorobenzene because of its quicker response time and low drift. The calibration curves, slopes, test limits, selective coefficients, drifts, and response times of the various bile‐acids‐sensitive microelectrodes in different calibration solutions were demonstrated and compared with each other.
Continuous Operation of a Pressure‐Cycled Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Steinmeyer D. E. , Shuler M. L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA membrane bioreactor system has been used to continuously ferment glucose to eth‐anol with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and extract the product into a solvent, tributyl phosphate. The reactor cycles gas pressure to force a convective flux of nutrient into the cell chamber and product out. The reactor has been run for over 3000 h with minimal deterioration of operating characteristics after the first hours of operation. A corn starch hydrolysate was also fermented, yielding similar results. Zymomonas mobilis was tested as an alternative catalyst, but it formed filaments that reduce the effectiveness of the pressure cycle. Z. mobilis appears to be less attractive than S. cerevisiae for such a reactor.
Immobilization of Microbial Cells in a Mixed Matrix of Silicone Polymer and Calcium Alginate Gel: Epoxidation of 1‐Octene by Nocardia corallina B‐276 in Organic Media
Authors: Kawakami Koei , Tsuruda Satoshi , Miyagi Katsuyoshi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractImmobilization of Nocardia corallina B‐276 was examined for production of 1,2‐epoxyoctane from 1‐octene in the presence of n‐hexadecane as the organic solvent. Hydrophobic silicone polymer was the most suitable material for entrapment of the cells. Coentrapment of aqueous reaction medium into the silicone polymer matrix improved the epoxide productivity. It was also effective to immobilize the cells in a mixed matrix composed of silicone polymer and calcium alginate gel involving the reaction medium. In the organic monophase, the amount of epoxide accumulated with the cells immobilized in an almost equivolumetric composite of both materials was 2 and 7 times the amounts in the silicone and alginate single matrices, respectively, and it became larger than with the free cells in the aqueous—organic two‐liquid phase after a longer period of batch operation. The use of such an optimized composite matrix enabled us to perform a relatively simple operation of the continuous three‐phase bioreactor.
Fed‐Batch Culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in an Airlift Reactor with Net Draft Tube
Authors: Wu Jiumn‐Yih , Wu Wen‐Teng 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA modified airlift reactor has been developed for a fed‐batch culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The draft tube of the proposed reactor is a net one. The reactor was coupled with a computer control system for substrate addition. Since the oxygen transfer of the new reactor is much higher than that of a conventional airlift reactor and bubble column, experimental study showed that higher cell mass was obtained by using the new reactor.
Lactic Acid Formation by Free and Immobilized Cells of an Obligate Methylotroph
Authors: Dinarieva Tatiana , Netrusov Alexander 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCells of the Gram‐negative obligate methylotrophic bacterium Methylobacillus flagellation KT, which can only use methanol and methylamine as sole carbon and energy source, oxidize 1,2‐propanediol to lactaldehyde and lactate by using a pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) containing cytochrome c dependent methanol dehydrogenase and an NAD+‐dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase, both of which have a broad substrate specificity. The kinetics of 1,2‐propanediol oxidation and lactic acid appearance in the buffered medium were followed, and Km for substrate, pH, and temperature optima were determined. M. flagellatum KT cells immobilized in polyacrylamide, agarose, or carrageenan gels maintain the ability to oxidize 1,2‐propanediol to lactic acid. The half‐life of the process with the cells in carrageenan was increased 5–6 times compared with free cell suspensions.
Model for Calculating the Compressive Deformability of Double‐Layered Curdlan Gels
Authors: Nussinovitch A. , Lee S. J. , Kaletunc G. , Peleg M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe compressive force‐deformation relationships of double‐layered curdlan gels (made of 2.5% and 3.5% gels) were calculated from those of the components. On the basis of the assumptions that the normal force in the layers is the same, that their deformations are additive, and that the effects of lateral stresses and viscoelasticity can be neglected, the calculation was done by using a mathematical model the constants of which were determined from the behavior of the individual layers. The calculated relationships were in agreement with experimental relationships over a considerable range of strain. Failure of the arrays, however, preceded that of the layers and was accompanied by their separation, a phenomenon that is unrelated to the model but limits the strain range of its applicability.
Measurement of Heat Transfer Coefficients in Rotating Liquid/Particulate Systems
Authors: Stoforos Nikolaos G. , Merson Richard L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA new method, involving the use of liquid crystals as temperature sensors, was developed to measure surface temperatures on moving particles. The method involves coating the monitored particles with aqueous solutions of encapsulated liquid crystals and recording the color changes on the particle surface as a function of temperature. Experimentally measured particle surface and liquid temperatures were used to calculate heat transfer coefficients for water‐heated, axially rotating, cylindrical acrylic vessels containing liquid and solid spherical particles. The theoretical analysis associated with calculating the heat transfer coefficients from the experimental data is presented. The method is illustrated by measuring overall (heating medium/container wall/internal liquid) and liquid‐particle film heat transfer coefficients for Teflon spheres in deion‐ized water and aluminum spheres in 1.5 cSt silicone fluid.
Adsorption Characteristics of an Immobilized Metal Affinity Membrane
Authors: Iwata Hideki , Saito Kyoichi , Furusaki Shintaro , Sugo Takanobu , Okamoto Jiro 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAn immobilized metal affinity (IMA) hollow‐fiber membrane was prepared by radiationinduced graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto a porous polyethylene hollow fiber, followed by chemical conversion of the produced epoxide group into an iminodiacetate (IDA) group and its chelation with copper (II) ion. The IDA hollow fiber, whose degree of GMA grafting was 120%, was found to retain 0.42 mol of Cu ion/kg of dry weight of the resulting IMA hollow fiber. The pure water flux of the affinity membrane was 0.90 m/h at a filtration pressure of 1 × 105 Pa. The 0.1 g/L L‐histidyl‐L‐leucine (His‐Leu) solution permeated across the IMA hollow fiber, whose inner diameter and thickness were 0.78 and 0.365 mm, respectively, at a prescribed filtration pressure ranging from 0.2 × 105 to 1.0 × 105 Pa. The adsorption of His‐Leu during permeation of the solution showed that the overall adsorption rate was independent of the filtration pressure, i.e., the residence time, because of the negligible diffusional resistance of His‐Leu to the pseudobioaffinity ligand located on the pore surface of the membrane. No deterioration in the adsorption capacity was observed after five cycles of His‐Leu adsorption, its elution, and reimmobilization of copper. The adsorption isotherm of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the IMA hollow fiber was measured and compared with that for the conventional agarose‐based bead containing the IDA‐Cu ligand. The diol group formed by H2SO4 treatment of the epoxide group remaining after conversion of epoxide into IDA functionality significantly reduced the nonselective adsorptivity of His‐Leu and BSA on the membrane.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Adsorption of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius on Coal Surfaces
Authors: Vitaya Virote B , Toda Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe adsorption of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius on five types of coals (with different sulfur contents) was investigated to define the kinetics of the bacterial cell adsorption and to clarify the mechanism of the adsorption involved in biological desulfurization of coals. A kinetic model, in which two stages of adsorption are considered, is proposed on the basis of the experimental results. The estimated values of the maximum cell numbers adsorbed per unit area of coal surface (including internal surface area of pores larger than 0.5 μm), [Sm], showed a good correlation with the pyritic sulfur content of the coals. The mechanism of the adsorption was studied by investigating the effects of pH, ζ potentials of coal particles and the bacteria, a specific inhibitor of membrane‐bound ATPase (20 mM NaF), a surfactant (Tween 80, 0.05%), and heat treatment (121 °C, 15 min) of the bacteria. From these observations, it was concluded that the rapid adsorption in the first stage was related with the physical force of hydrophobicity and the adsorption in the second stage was strongly related with the oxidation of pyrite. An electromicrographic study on the erosion of pyrite surfaces by the bacterial cells was also conducted. The micrographs of the pyrite particles after 5 days of the incubation showed that surfaces of pyrite minerals were eroded by adsorbed cells.
α‐Amylase Fermentation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in an Aqueous Two‐Phase System
Authors: Park Kyung‐Moon , Wang Nam Sun 
Published: March 2005

Abstractα‐Amylase production from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in an aqueous two‐phase system of poly(ethylene glycol) and dextran was investigated. In both batch and continuous fermentations, cells preferentially partitioned to the dextran‐rich bottom phase, glucose distributed almost evenly in both phases, and α‐amylase generally preferred the bottom phase by a small margin. A continuous fermentor with bottom‐phase recycle is proposed to achieve a significantly improved volumetric productivity of α‐amylase. Continuous α‐amylase fermentation with simultaneous product removal was demonstrated in 84 g/L poly(ethylene glycol) (MW 8000) and 84 g/L dextran (MW 71 500) at various dilution rates. Low overall cell densities economized glucose consumption. Unlike the polymer‐free fermentation, α‐amylase synthesis was not repressed even at high glucose concentrations. A properly designed continuous system with cell recycle can be considered as a nonconventional, but highly effective, method of cell immobilization.
Growth, Metabolic, and Antibody Production Kinetics of Hybridoma Cell Culture: 2. Effects of Serum Concentration, Dissolved Oxygen Concentration, and Medium pH in a Batch Reactor
Authors: Ozturk Sadettin S , Palsson Bernhard O 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe effects of serum, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, and medium pH on hybridoma cell physiology were examined in a controlled batch bioreactor using a murine hybridoma cell line (167.4G5.3). The effect of serum was also studied for a second murine hybridoma cell line (S3H5/γ2bA). Cell growth, viability, cell density, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, respiration and energy production rates, and antibody production rates were studied. Cell growth was enhanced and cell death was decreased by increasing the serum level. The growth rates followed a Monodtype model with serum being the limiting component. Specific glucose, glutamine, and oxygen uptake rates and specific lactate and ammonia production rates did not change with serum concentrations. Amino acid metabolism was slightly influenced by the serum level. Cell growth rates were not influenced by DO between 20% and 80% air saturation, while the specific death rates were lowest at 20–50 % air saturation. Glucose and glutamine uptake rates increased at DO above 10% and below 5% air saturation. Cell growth rate was optimal at pH 7.2. Glucose and glutamine uptake rates, as well as lactate and ammonia production rates, increased above pH 7.2. Metabolic rates for glutamine and ammonia were also higher below pH 7.2. The consumption or production rates of amino acids followed the glutamine consumption very closely. Cell‐specific oxygen uptake rate was insensitive to the levels of serum, DO, and pH. Theoretical calculations based on experimentally determined uptake rates indicated that the ATP production rates did not change significantly with serum and DO while it increased continually with increasing pH. The oxidative phosphorylation accounted for about 60% of total energy production. This contribution, however, increased at low pH values to 76%. The specific antibody production rate was not growth associated and was independent of serum and DO concentrations and medium pH above 7.20. A 2‐fold increase in specific antibody production rates was observed at pH values below 7.2. Higher concentrations of antibody were obtained at high serum levels, between 20% and 40% DO, and at pH 7.20 due to higher viable cell numbers obtained.
Cell Death in the Thin Films of Bursting Bubbles
Authors: Cherry Robert S. , Hulle Carl T. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA sparged gas bubble floating at the liquid interface has a liquid film which drains and thins until the film spontaneously ruptures at a point. This causes rapid retraction of the film, forming a rim of collected fluid. This rim moves at a constant velocity of about 3 m/s and any cells in the bubble film are rapidly accelerated to this velocity in the moving rim. Half of the surface energy originally in the thin film is converted to kinetic energy of the rim, while the rest is dissipated in this rim. The rate of energy dissipation per mass of rim fluid is approximately 9000 m2/s3, which corresponds to a Kolmogorov eddy size of 3.2 μm in fully developed turbulence or a shear stress of 95 N/m2 in laminar flow. Either of these limiting cases presents an environment in which rapid cell death would be expected. Experiments with'Sf‐9 insect cells suggest that the cell concentration in these thin films is 0.6 times the bulk liquid concentration and that about 20 % of these cells are killed when the film ruptures. An equation based on this mechanism accurately predicts the death rate.