bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient chiral phosphorus derivatizing agent for the determination of the enantiomeric excess of chiral alcohols and amines by 31P NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Li Kang Ying , Zhou Zheng Hong , Chan Albert. S. C. , Tang Chu Chi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe chiral phosphorus derivatizing agent (CDA) 1 was prepared from optically pure (S)‐1,1‐bis‐2‐naphthol. It was first used in the determination of the enantiomeric excess of chiral alcohols and amines by means of 31P NMR spectroscopy. It showed that, for the chiral aromatic alcohols, no apparent kinetic resolution was noted and good base‐line separation was observed. Furthermore, the chemical shift difference (Δδ) of 31P NMR spectroscopy was much larger than those determined by the use of other chiral phosphorus derivatizing agents reported previously. However, for aliphatic alcohols, it showed not only obvious kinetic resolutions but incomplete base‐line separation. Moreover, we also found that the use of CDA 1 was suitable for the determination of enantiomeric excess of chiral primary amines. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:93–95, 2002; DOI 10.1002/hc.10018
Selective reductions in the sphere of organophosphorus compounds
Authors: Keglevich György , Gaumont Annie‐Claude , Denis Jean‐Marc 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent results on the selective reduction of cyclic vinylphosphine oxides and vinylphosphinates, as well as their refunctionalization by the use of borane, are summarized. The selective reduction of the phosphorus moiety of unsaturated phosphonates, phosphinates, and phosphine oxides is also discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:161–167, 2001
Oxidation reactions of 1,8‐bis(phosphino)naphthalenes: syntheses and molecular structures of bis(phosphine oxides) and of a bis(phosphine sulfide)
Authors: Karaçar Atilla , Freytag Matthias , Thönnessen Holger , Omelanczuk Jan , Jones Peter G. , Bartsch Rainer , Schmutzler Reinhard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA series of naphthalenediyl‐1,8‐bis(phosphine oxides) 1‐RR′P(:O)(C10H6)‐8‐P(:O)RR′ (R = R′ = Me (2a), Et (2b), iPr (2c), Cy (2d), Ph (2f) and R = tBu, R′ = Ph (2e) was prepared by oxidation of the corresponding bis(phosphines) 1a–f with molecular oxygen or H2O2·(H2N)2C(:O) and characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis (2a, 2b, 2d–f). X‐ray crystal structure analyses were performed for 1,8‐bis(dimethylphosphinyl)naphthalene (2a), (RR,SS)‐1,8‐bis(phenyl‐tert‐butylphosphinyl)naphthalene (2e) and 1,8‐bis(diphenylphosphinyl)naphthalene (2f). Treatment of 1,8‐bis(diphenylphosphino)naphthalene (dppn, 1f) with an excess of sulfur in hot toluene afforded the bis(phosphine sulfide) 1‐Ph2P(:S)(C10H6)‐8‐P(:S)Ph2 (dppnS2, 3f) the structure of which was elucidated by X‐ray crystal structure analysis. The geometries of the compounds 2a, 2e, 2f, and 3f revealed an increase of strain from the corresponding bis(phosphines). In each case, the proximity of the P(:X)R2 groups (X = O, S) led to distortion, the main feature of which was the out‐of‐plane displacement of the P atoms. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:102–113, 2001
The impact of income inequality on individual and societal health: absolute income, relative income and statistical artefacts
Authors: Wildman John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe relative income hypothesis, that relative income has a direct effect on individual health, has become an important part of the literature on health inequalities. This paper presents a four‐quadrant diagram, which shows the effect of income, relative income and aggregation bias on individual and societal health. The model predicts that increased income inequality reduces average health regardless of whether relative income affects individual health. If relative income does have a direct effect then societal health will decrease further. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary mucosal malignant melanoma of the head and neck
Authors: Patel Snehal G. , Prasad Manju L. , Escrig Margarita , Singh Bhuvanesh , Shaha Ashok R. , Kraus Dennis H. , Boyle Jay O. , Huvos Andrew G. , Busam Klaus , Shah Jatin P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIntroductionThe relative rarity of mucosal melanomas of the head and neck (MMHN) has made analysis of treatment approaches difficult. Advances in diagnostic techniques and treatment interventions have had obvious impact on outcomes in cutaneous melanoma, but the effects on outcome in MMHN remain undefined. This study aims to assess the outcome and identify clinical and histologic prognostic indicators in a recent cohort of patients with MMHN treated at a single institution.MethodsThe clinical records of 59 patients with the diagnosis of MMHN treated at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) between 1978 and 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. Pathologic material on each of these patients was prospectively reviewed by at least two pathologists (MP, KB, or AH) for confirmation of diagnosis and assessment of histologic variables. Survival was calculated by the Kaplan‐Meier method. Clinical (patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment) and histologic data (tumor thickness, melanosis, melanoma in situ, vascular invasion, and multifocality) were analyzed for impact on outcome by both univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThirty‐five patients (59%) had sinonasal tumors (SNMM), whereas 24 (41%) had oral (ORMM) tumors. Forty‐seven patients (79.6%) were staged as stage I, 8 (13.6%) as stage II, and 4 (6.8%) were classified as stage III. Regional lymphatic metastases at presentation were more frequent in ORMM compared with SNMM (25% vs 6%, p = .05). Surgery was used in all patients. Adjuvant radiation therapy was used more frequently in the SNMM group compared with the ORMM group (40% vs 17%, p = .04). The rates of local failure for ORMM and SNMM were 51% and 50%, nodal failure rates were 42% and 20%, and distant failure rates were 67% and 40%, respectively (p = NS). With a median follow‐up of 20 months, the 5‐year disease‐specific survival rate was 44% (40% for ORMM vs 47% for SNMM, p = NS). Significant prognostic factors for disease‐specific survival on univariate analysis included advanced clinical stage at presentation, tumor thickness greater than 5 mm, presence of vascular invasion, and development of nodal and distant metastases. On multivariate analysis, however, regional nodal failure lost significance.ConclusionsClinical stage at presentation, tumor thickness greater than 5 mm, vascular invasion on histologic studies, and development of distant failure are the only independent predictors of outcome in MMHN. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 247–257, 2002; DOI 10.1002/hed.10019
Abnormalities in hemostasis in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Kwaan Hau C. , Wang Jun , Boggio Lisa N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOur understanding of the hemostatic abnormalities in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has undergone remarkable changes over the past three decades. Hemorrhagic complications lead to significant morbidity and mortality in patients with APL. Up to 30% of early deaths are due to hemorrhagic complications. Our concept of the coagulation changes in APL have evolved from a simple belief that the bleeding was due to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) from underlying infection, to a knowledge that the APL cells themselves are responsible for the bleeding. We have observed that apoptotic APL cells have increased generation of thrombin and therefore contribute to the hypercoagulability and DIC. In addition, excessive fibrinolysis has been recognized to play an important role. The advent of a new therapeutic approach with all‐trans‐retinoic acid has improved overall survival and has greatly shortened the hemorrhagic phase of the disease, but only to produce a new complication, the retinoic acid syndrome. Its pathogenesis and management still remain to be the challenge for the present. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visual search and urban driving under the influence of marijuana and alcohol
Authors: Lamers C. T. J. , Ramaekers J. G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of low doses of marijuana and alcohol, and their combination, on visual search at intersections and on general driving proficiency in the City Driving Test. Sixteen recreational users of alcohol and marijuana (eight males and eight females) were treated with these substances or placebo according to a balanced, 4‐way, cross‐over, observer‐ and subject‐blind design. On separate evenings, subjects received weight‐calibrated doses of THC, alcohol or placebo in each of the following treatment conditions: alcohol placebo + THC placebo, alcohol + THC placebo, THC 100 μg/kg + alcohol placebo, THC 100 μg/kg + alcohol. Alcohol doses administered were sufficient for achieving a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of about 0.05 g/dl. Initial drinking preceded smoking by one hour. The City Driving Test commenced 15 minutes after smoking and lasted 45 minutes. The test was conducted over a fixed route within the city limits of Maastricht. An eye movement recording system was mounted on each subject's head for providing relative frequency measures of appropriate visual search at intersections. General driving quality was rated by a licensed driving instructor on a shortened version of the Royal Dutch Tourist Association's Driving Proficiency Test. After placebo treatment subjects searched for traffic approaching from side streets on the right in 84% of all cases. Visual search frequency in these subjects did not change when they were treated with alcohol or marijuana alone. However, when treated with the combination of alcohol and marijuana, the frequency of visual search dropped by 3%. Performance as rated on the Driving Proficiency Scale did not differ between treatments. It was concluded that the effects of low doses of THC (100 μg/kg) and alcohol (BAC < 0.05 g/dl) on higher‐level driving skills as measured in the present study are minimal. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial patterns of sediment delivery to valley floors: sensitivity to sediment transport capacity and hillslope hydrology relations
Authors: Rustomji Paul , Prosser Ian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere is considerable interest in large‐scale spatial patterns of sediment transport in catchments, and this topic is often approached using terrain‐based modelling. In such models topography influences the discharge of overland flow and its sediment transport capacity. The sediment transport capacity of overland flow is commonly expressed as a power function of slope and discharge (i.e. qs=k1qβSγ). The relationship between discharge and contributing area can also be expressed as a power function. Several reviews reveal a limited range of values for the two exponents β and γ. In this paper we examine the sensitivity of catchment‐scale patterns of sediment delivery to valley floors to a range of sediment transport capacity and hillslope hydrology parameterizations, using two catchments on the southern tablelands of New South Wales. The results indicate that, over the limited range of β and γ identified within the literature, sediment deliveries to valley floors across the two catchments are similar for all but one of five sediment transport capacity relationships. The patterns are dominated by the trend in slope through each catchment. The sensitivity to hillslope hydrology of predicted sediment delivery patterns is strong in the catchment with systematic variation in unit hillslope area, and weak in the catchment for which there are no systematic trends in unit hillslope area. We believe there is less experimental evidence to restrict choice of hillslope hydrology parameters than there is for sediment transport capacity. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soil frost effects on soil water and runoff dynamics along a boreal transect: 2. Simulations
Authors: Stähli Manfred , Nyberg Lars , Mellander Per‐Erik , Jansson Per‐Erik , Bishop Kevin H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA physically based SVAT‐model was tested with soil and snow physical measurements, as well as runoff data from an 8600 m2 catchment in northern Sweden in order to quantify the influence of soil frost on spring snowmelt runoff in a moderately sloped, boreal forest. The model was run as an array of connected profiles cascading to the brook. For three winter seasons (1995–98) it was able to predict the onset and total accumulation of the runoff with satisfactory accuracy. Surface runoff was identified as only a minor fraction of the total runoff occurring during short periods in connection with ice blocking of the water‐conducting pores. Little surface runoff, though, does not mean that soil frost is unimportant for spring runoff. Simulations without frost routines systematically underestimated the total accumulated runoff. The possibility of major frost effects appearing in response to specific combinations of weather conditions were also tested. Different scenarios of critical initial conditions for the winter, e.g. high water saturation and delayed snow accumulation leading to an increased frost penetration, were tested. These showed that under special circumstances there is potential for increased spring runoff due to soil frost. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the long‐term sediment trap efficiency of small ponds
Authors: Verstraeten Gert , Poesen Jean 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA numerical model (sediment trap efficiency for small ponds—STEP) is developed to simulate sediment deposition in small ponds (i.e. <1 ha) and to calculate the sediment trap efficiency (STE). The algorithms are kept simple to allow the model to simulate larger time periods (i.e. several years). Eight runs with an experimental pond were executed to test the model. The STEP model produces reasonable predictions of STE as well as the shape and magnitude of the effluent sediment concentration graph. The model efficiency of STEP for the prediction of STE equals 0·38 and the root mean square error equals 4·7%. Similar models, such as DEPOSITS and CSTRS, were inefficient in predicting the experimental results. The STEP model was used to simulate the long‐term (33 years) STE of small retention ponds in central Belgium using 10‐min rainfall data. For a typical pond (1000 m2) with a catchment area of 25 ha, annual STE can vary from 58 to 100%, with a long‐term STE of only 68%. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamics of stormflow generation—A hillslope‐scale field study in east‐central Pennsylvania, USA
Authors: Srinivasan M. S. , Gburek W. J. , Hamlett J. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA 40 m × 20 m mowed, grass hillslope adjacent to a headwater stream within a 26‐ha watershed in east‐central Pennsylvania, USA, was instrumented to identify and map the extent and dynamics of surface saturation (areas with the water table at the surface) and surface runoff source areas. Rainfall, stream flow and surface runoff from the hillslope were recorded at 5‐min intervals from 11 August to 22 November 1998, and 13 April to 12 November 1999. The dynamics of the water table (0 to 45 cm depth from the soil surface) and the occurrence of surface runoff source areas across the hillslope were recorded using specially designed subsurface saturation and surface runoff sensors, respectively. Detailed data analyses for two rainfall events that occurred in August (57·7 mm in 150 min) and September (83·6 mm in 1265 min) 1999, illustrated the spatial and temporal dynamics of surface saturation and surface runoff source areas. Temporal data analyses showed the necessity to measure the hillslope dynamics at time intervals comparable to that of rainfall measurements. Both infiltration excess surface runoff (runoff caused when rainfall intensity exceeds soil infiltration capacity) and saturation excess surface runoff (runoff caused when soil moisture storage capacity is exceeded) source areas were recorded during these rainfall events. The August rainfall event was primarily an infiltration excess surface runoff event, whereas the September rainfall event produced both infiltration excess and saturation excess surface runoff. Occurrence and disappearance of infiltration excess surface runoff source areas during the rainfall events appeared scattered across the hillslope. Analysis of surface saturation and surface runoff data showed that not all surface saturation areas produced surface runoff that reached the stream. Emergence of subsurface flow to the surface during the post‐rainfall periods appeared to be a major flow process dominating the hillslope after the August rainfall event. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating areal snowmelt infiltration into frozen soils
Authors: Gray D. M. , Toth Brenda , Zhao Litong , Pomeroy J. W. , Granger R. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn algorithm for estimating areal snowmelt infiltration into frozen soils is developed. Frozen soils are grouped into classes according to surface entry condition as: (a) Restricted—water entry is impeded by surface conditions, (b) Limited–capillary flow predominates and water entry is influenced primarily by soil physical properties, and (c) Unlimited—gravity flow predominates and most of the meltwater infiltrates. For Limited soils cumulative infiltration over time is estimated by a parametric equation from surface saturation, initial soil moisture content (water + ice), initial soil temperature and infiltration opportunity time. Total infiltration into Unlimited and Limited soils is constrained by the available water storage capacity. This constraint is also used to determine when Limited soils have thawed.The minimum spatial scale of the infiltration model is established for Limited soils by the variabilities in surface saturation, snow water equivalent, soil infiltrability, soil moisture (water + ice) and depth of soil freezing. Since snowmelt infiltration is influenced by other processes and factors that affect snow ablation, it is assumed that the infiltrability spatial scale should be consistent with the scales used to describe these variables. For open, northern, cold regions the following order in spatial scales is hypothesized: frozen ground ≥ snowmelt ≥ snow water equivalent ≥ frozen soil infiltrability ≥ soil moisture (water + ice) and snow water.For mesoscale application of the infiltration model it is recommended that the infiltrability scale be taken equal to the scale used to describe the areal extent and distribution of the water equivalent of the snowcover that covers frozen ground. Scaling the infiltrability of frozen soils in this manner allows one to exploit established landscape‐stratification methodology used to derive snow accumulation means and distribution.Scaling of soil infiltrability at small scales (microscale) is complicated and requires information on the association(s) between the spatial distributions of soil moisture (water + ice) and snow water.A flow chart of the algorithm is presented. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The development and neural bases of face recognition
Authors: Nelson Charles A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEvidence from fields as diverse as cognitive, evolutionary, and developmental psychology, as well as cognitive neuroscience, has increasingly pointed to the ‘special’ nature of face recognition. A critical examination of the literature supports the view that faces begin to be seen as a separate class of objects within the first 6 months of life. Not surprisingly, the neural systems that underlie face recognition also come on line during this period of time. Less clear, however, are the mechanisms whereby these events occur. It seems likely that face recognition reflects an experience‐expectant process, whereby exposure to faces during a sensitive period of development likely leads to perceptual and cortical specialization. However, it is unknown what the role of experience is in maintaining this ability, and how long this sensitive period lasts. After reviewing three related models that attempt to account for the way the ability to recognize faces develops, a number of suggestions are offered for testing the hypothesis that face recognition depends on experience for acquisition, and for evaluating the role of experience in maintaining this ability. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mother's face recognition in newborn infants: learning and memory
Authors: Bushnell I.W.R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo studies are reported that address issues related to memory for faces in young infants. The first correlates the opportunity to view the mother's face with expressed visual preference for that face, and shows that very little exposure is required, with greater levels of exposure showing stronger preferences. The second study examines the role of delay between exposure to the mother's face and preference testing, finding that strength of preference is not significantly impacted by a 15‐min delay. Implications for a model of face processing are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Candidate tumor suppressor, HCCS‐1, is downregulated in human cancers and induces apoptosis in cervical cancer
Authors: Kim Tae E. , Kim Yong W. , Hwang Seung Y. , Shin Seung M. , Shin Jin W. , Lee Young H. , Shin Sun Y. , Han Ku T. , Lee Joon M. , Namkoong Sung E. , Kim Jin W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo identify the genes involved in cervical carcinogenesis, we applied the mRNA differential display method and identified a candidate tumor suppressor gene, HCCS‐1, which was present in normal cervical tissue but absent in cervical cancer, metastatic lymph node and CUMC‐6 cervical cancer cell line. HCCS‐1 transcripts were expressed in many normal tissues including leukocyte, lung, spleen, liver, heart and uterine cervix. Its expression was absent in 8 human cancer cell lines. HCCS‐1‐transfected HeLa cells exhibited growth inhibition by about 50%. This inhibitory effect of HCCS‐1 on cervical cancer cells was associated with apoptotic process including DNA fragmentation. HCCS‐1‐transfected HeLa cells were shown to release cytochrome c from mitochondria, which activates caspase‐9 and ‐3 and finally results in cleavage of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase. Apoptosis formation was detected by propidium‐iodide/annexin V. HCCS‐1‐transfected HeLa cells were more sensitive to adriamycin or UVC ray triggered apoptosis. These results suggest that HCCS‐1 is downregulated in multiple human tumor types and may serve as a candidate tumor suppressor gene through apoptotic pathway against human cervical cancer. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.