bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural linguistic injustice
Authors: Song Seunghyun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper develops a concept of structural linguistic injustice. By employing the so‐called structural‐injustice approach, it argues that individuals' seemingly harmless language attitudes and language choices might enable serious harms on a collective level, constituting what one could call a structural linguistic injustice. Section 1 introduces the linguistic‐justice debate. By doing so, it establishes linguistic diversity as the context in which phenomena such as individuals' language attitudes, language choice, and language loss occur. Moreover, the paper illustrates why employing the structural‐injustice approach might be beneficial for the linguistic‐justice debate. Section 2 conceptualizes individuals' (certain types of) language attitudes and language choice as (objectionable) social structures. Section 3 provides a concept of structural linguistic injustice. Section 4 suggests one possible remedy for structural linguistic injustice. Section 5 concludes the paper.
The new Spanish far‐right movement: Crisis, national priority and ultranationalist charity
Authors: Jiménez Aguilar Francisco , Álvarez‐Benavides Antonio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDuring the Great Recession, a group of identitarian nativist associations emerged in Spain, which, over time, gave shape to a new social movement: the Cultural Associations of National Aid (Asociaciones Culturales de Ayuda Nacional). Based on a digital ethnography and critical discursive analysis, this paper aims to examine their worldview and ‘repertoire of contention’, focusing on the latest events that have shaken the world and, more particularly, Spanish society. This research highlights two contributions to the nationalism and far‐right social movements study: ‘national priority’ as a radicalization of the ‘national preference’, and ‘national aid’ as a new discriminatory non‐state aid, which we will refer to as ‘ultranationalist charity’.
A mereological qualitative study protocol for understanding the lived experience of homelessness in California
Authors: Duke Michael , Dhatt Zena K. , Jacques Tianna , Garcia Cheyenne , Taylor Grace , Kushel Margot , Knight Kelly 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough qualitative interview studies provide in‐depth understandings of the opinions and lived experiences of social groups, they are typically small in scale, bounded by a small number of physical or virtual spaces, and designed to capture relatively demarcated aspects of participants’ experiences. This paper describes the qualitative component of a large mixed method study of homelessness in California. The qualitative study consisted of seven substudies across eight counties, each exploring different dimensions of homelessness. We recruited participants from the overall sample, a statewide representative sample of adults experiencing homelessness recruited in eight counties, based on their responses to questions from the survey interviews. Using a novel data management strategy, we analyzed each substudy as a stand‐alone project, and explored the relationship between thematic content across the substudies. Our mereological study design presents an approach for developing complex qualitative policy studies across a range of topic areas.
Post‐drought compensatory growth in perennial grasslands is determined by legacy effects of the soil and not by plants
Authors: Schärer Marie‐Louise , Lüscher Andreas , Kahmen Ansgar 
Published: October 2023

Summary
Grasslands recovering from drought have repeatedly been shown to outperform non‐drought‐stressed grasslands in biomass production. The mechanisms that lead to the unexpectedly high biomass production in grasslands recovering from drought are, however, not understood.
To disentangle plant‐intrinsic and plant‐extrinsic (soil) drought legacy effects on grassland recovery from drought, we designed a factorial field experiment where Lolium perenne plants that were exposed to either a 2‐month drought or to well‐watered control conditions were transplanted into control and drought‐stressed soil and rewetted thereafter.
Drought and rewetting (DRW) resulted in negative drought legacy effects of formerly drought‐stressed plants (DRWp) compared with control plants (Ctrp) when decoupled from soil‐mediated DRW effects, with DRWp showing less aboveground productivity (−13%), restricted N nutrition, and higher δ13C compared with Ctrp. However, plants grown on formerly drought‐stressed soil (DRWs) showed enhanced aboveground productivity (+82%), improved N nutrition, and higher δ13C values relative to plants grown on control soil (Ctrs), irrespective of the plants' pretreatment.
Our study shows that the higher post‐drought productivity of perennial grasslands recovering from drought relative to non‐drought‐stressed controls is induced by soil‐mediated DRW legacy effects which improve plant N nutrition and photosynthetic capacity and that these effects countervail negative plant‐intrinsic drought legacy effects.
MAKING A DIFFERENCE: PALAEOLITHIC ICONOGRAPHY AS A TRAIT OF IDENTITY IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA
Authors: García‐Bustos Miguel , Rivero Olivia 
Published: October 2023

SummaryThe study of the figurative repertoire of Palaeolithic artists allows us to approach aspects such as iconographic diffusion and cultural preferences. This paper presents an updated corpus of figurative rock art for the Iberian peninsula and analyses its distribution in the Cantabrian region, inland Iberia and the Mediterranean basin, three areas frequently used in the literature. This corpus contains 3341 graphic units that were analysed using multivariate statistics and hypothesis testing. The results show that the main figurative themes can be classified according to their discriminating power. Horse, ibex and deer were the animal motifs that formed the common background of this artistic expression. In contrast, Palaeolithic artists used different proportions of bison, hind and aurochs to create a possible distinctive identity. Finally, it is discussed whether the iconographic selection is due to palaeoecological reasons, cultural motivations, or a combination of both.
The Race between Mortality and Morbidity: Implications for the Global Distribution of Health
Authors: Permanyer Iñaki , Bramajo Octavio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAssessments of countries’ longevity and its variability around the globe often rely on life expectancy (LE) but tend not to differentiate between the years spent in “good” or “less‐than‐good” health. We explore how the evolution of the healthy and unhealthy components of LE has shaped the composition of LE within countries, and the extent of LE inequality between countries. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study, we document the joint evolution of “health‐adjusted life expectancy” (HALE) and “unhealthy life expectancy” (UHLE) for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019, the age‐specific contributions to changes over time in HALE and UHLE, and the corresponding cause‐of‐death profiles. We also assess the contribution of HALE and UHLE to “international health inequality” (IHI; i.e., inequality in LE across world countries). Between 1990 and 2019, HALE and UHLE have increased in most world countries, thus lengthening longevity worldwide. Globally, HALE has increased from 58.1 years to 63.4 years, while UHLE has increased from 8.4 years to 9.4 years, but there is a great deal of variation across regions and countries. The fraction HALE/LE has declined in three out of four countries. Over time, IHI followed an inverted U shape, peaking around the year 2000 and declining from that year onwards. IHI levels and trends are mostly explained by trends in HALE. Our findings indicate that global health inequalities are undergoing profound transformations. While health inequalities between countries tend to decline, those within countries tend to increase. In addition, we observe a compositional shift in which the unhealthy component of LE is playing an increasingly important role in explaining (1) further increases in longevity among low‐mortality countries and (2) the extent of inequality in LE among world countries. Policies aiming at increasing LE and reducing its variability between countries should increase HALE among the world's least longevous countries.
Opioid prescription rates associated with surgery among adolescents in the United States from 2015 to 2020
Authors: Sofia Joseph T. , Kim Agnes , Jones Ian , Rabbitts Jennifer A. , Groenewald Cornelius B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe United States currently faces an epidemic of opioid misuse which extends to adolescent surgical populations. Opioid prescriptions after surgery are associated with persistent opioid use and serve as a reservoir for diversion. However, it is unclear what proportion of opioid prescriptions are surgical, and little is known about trends in opioid prescription rates associated with surgery in adolescents in the United States. This study aims to describe national trends in postsurgical opioid prescription rates over time among adolescents in the United States.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cross‐sectional analysis of data captured in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) from 2015 to 2020. MEPS classified adolescents 10–19 years of age (n = 26 909) as having a surgical procedure if they had any inpatient, outpatient, or emergency department visit during which a surgical procedure was performed.ResultsMean age (SD) of the sample was 14.4 (0.01) years. Sociodemographic characteristics were representative of the USA adolescent population. In total, 4.7% of adolescents underwent a surgical procedure. The surgery rate remained stable between 2015 (4.3%): and 2020 (4.4%) and was lower among minority populations. The combined rate of opioid prescribing for surgical and nonsurgical indications significantly decreased from 4.1% in 2015 to 1.4% in 2020 among all adolescents, an estimated difference of 2.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7%–3.7%, p < .0001). However, opioid prescribing for surgery remained relatively stable (1% in 2015 vs. 0.8% in 2020).DiscussionOpioid prescription rates associated with surgery remained stable between 2015 and 2020 in the United States, despite significant decreases in prescribing among nonsurgical populations. Surgery is now a leading source of medical prescribed opioids among adolescents. Secondary findings included a stable trend in surgery utilization between 2015 and 2020, as well as continued racial disparities, both in terms of surgery utilization and opioid prescribing.ConclusionThe large number of adolescents being prescribed opioids for surgery in the USA each year, suggests there is a need for national guidelines aimed at adolescent opioid use, similar to the recent CDC guidelines aimed at adult opioid use.
The rule of law in the grip of populist authoritarianism: Hungary and Poland
Authors: Özer Sanem , Güneş Gülal Asiye Gün , Polat Yusuf Kenan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article examines the impact of populism on the rule of law in Hungary and Poland. It argues that political discourse is important in setting the political agenda and is often followed by the criminalization of minorities, Euroskepticism, intervening in the operation of supreme courts, affecting the decisions of the judges, and disregarding international law and/or supranational legal orders. It also highlights how politicization and securitization increasingly operate under populist authoritarian regimes through the legal system and legislative initiatives to increase the power of the government and the ruling party. Discourse analysis is a valuable tool to reveal whether a legislator's intention serves the people or exploits power to change the structure and functioning of the political system. Thus, this article follows the course of politics in Hungary and Poland from discourse to hijacking democracy through instrumentalizing the rule of law.Related ArticlesDeegan‐Krause, Kevin, and Tim Haughton. 2009. “Toward a More Useful Conceptualization of Populism: Types and Degrees of Populist Appeals in the Case of Slovakia.” Politics & Policy 37(4): 821–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00200.x.Skowronska, Kaja. 2021. “The Recent Politicization of Immigration in Poland in Light of Preexisting State Practices: Continuity or Change in the Understanding of Citizenship and Nationhood?” Politics & Policy 49(4): 940–67. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12424.Zafirovski, Milan. 2022. “Toward a New Political Democracy Index: Construction, Validation, and Calculation for Individual Societies and Types of Society.” Politics and Policy 50(4): 663–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12488.
Distinct patterns of spatial attentional modulation of steady‐state visual evoked magnetic fields (SSVEFs) in subdivisions of the human early visual cortex
Authors: Moratti Stephan , Gundlach Christopher , de Echegaray Javier , Müller Matthias M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent years, steady‐state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) became an increasingly valuable tool to investigate neural dynamics of competitive attentional interactions and brain–computer interfaces. This is due to their good signal‐to‐noise ratio, allowing for single‐trial analysis, and their ongoing oscillating nature that enables to analyze temporal dynamics of facilitation and suppression. Given the popularity of SSVEPs, it is surprising that only a few studies looked at the cortical sources of these responses. This is in particular the case when searching for studies that assessed the cortical sources of attentional SSVEP amplitude modulations. To address this issue, we used a typical spatial attention task and recorded neuromagnetic fields (MEG) while presenting frequency‐tagged stimuli in the left and right visual fields, respectively. Importantly, we controlled for attentional deployment in a baseline period before the shifting cue. Subjects either attended to a central fixation cross or to two peripheral stimuli simultaneously. Results clearly showed that signal sources and attention effects were restricted to the early visual cortex: V1, V2, hMT+, precuneus, occipital‐parietal, and inferior‐temporal cortex. When subjects attended to central fixation first, shifting attention to one of the peripheral stimuli resulted in a significant activation increase for the to‐be‐attended stimulus with no activation decrease for the to‐be‐ignored stimulus in hMT+ and inferio‐temporal cortex, but significant SSVEF decreases from V1 to occipito‐parietal cortex. When attention was first deployed to both rings, shifting attention away from one ring basically resulted in a significant activation decrease in all areas for the then‐to‐be‐ignored stimulus.
The Sky and the Stratosphere: Wealth Concentration in India During the Last (Lost) Decade
Authors: Anand Ishan , Kumar Rishabh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper provides new and improved estimates of wealth concentration in India during 2012–2018. Official surveys show a decline in wealth inequality and mean wealth per adult for the first time in three decades. We argue that although these wealth surveys are meant to be nationally representative, they underestimate the upper tail of the Indian wealth distribution—top wealth levels appear orders of magnitudes below externally measured estimates and unrepresentative of increasing stock‐market participation over this period. By combining official surveys and rich lists, we provide new estimates of top wealth shares and total personal wealth in India. We find that personal wealth is underestimated by nearly 54 percent in official data, and this gap increased sharply during the 2010s. Our revised estimates show wealth concentration to have sharply increased during 2012–2018. The share of India's top 1 percent is higher than similar estimates for Asia, and second only to Russia.
Phylogenomic analysis of protein‐coding genes resolves complex gall wasp relationships
Authors: Hearn Jack , Gobbo Erik , Nieves‐Aldrey José Luis , Branca Antoine , Nicholls James A. , Koutsovoulos Georgios , Lartillot Nicolas , Stone Graham N. , Ronquist Fredrik 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) comprise 13 distinct tribes whose interrelationships remain incompletely understood. Recent analyses of ultra‐conserved elements (UCEs) represent the first attempt at resolving these relationships using phylogenomics. Here, we present the first analysis based on protein‐coding sequences from genome and transcriptome assemblies. Unlike UCEs, these data allow more sophisticated substitution models, which can potentially resolve issues with long‐branch attraction. We include data for 37 cynipoid species, including two tribes missing in the UCE analysis: Aylacini (s. str.) and Qwaqwaiini. Our results confirm the UCE result that Cynipidae are not monophyletic. Specifically, the Paraulacini and Diplolepidini + Pediaspidini fall outside a core clade (Cynipidae s. str.), which is more closely related to the insect‐parasitic Figitidae, and this result is robust to the exclusion of long‐branch taxa that could mislead the analysis. Given this, we here divide the Cynipidae into three families: the Paraulacidae stat. prom., Diplolepididae stat. prom. and Cynipidae (s. str.). Our results suggest that the Eschatocerini are the sister group of the remaining Cynipidae (s. str.). Within the Cynipidae (s. str.), the Aylacini (s. str.) are more closely related to oak gall wasps (Cynipini) and some of their inquilines (Ceroptresini) than to other herb gallers (Aulacideini and Phanacidini), and the Qwaqwaiini likely form a clade together with Synergini (s. str.) and Rhoophilini. Several alternative scenarios for the evolution of cynipid life histories are compatible with the relationships suggested by our analysis, but all are complex and require multiple shifts among parasitoids, inquilines and gall inducers.
Parasitic infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Haque Emaan , Muhsen Ibrahim N. , Rasheed Walid , Fakih Riad El , Aljurf Mahmoud 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a vital treatment for various hematological disorders. However, HSCT recipients face increased risks of infectious complications due to immunosuppression. Parasitic infections are a significant concern in this vulnerable population and can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. This review examines parasitic infections in HSCT recipients, focusing on major infections affecting different organ systems, including intestinal parasites (Giardia spp., Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium spp.), hematologic parasites (Plasmodium spp. and Babesia spp.), and tissue/visceral parasites (Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania spp., and Trypanosoma cruzi). Methods: A systematic search of relevant literature was conducted and included studies up to August 2023. Databases included PubMed, Google Scholar, were queried using specific keywords related to parasitic infections in HSCT patients. The epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches for each infection were evaluated. Results and Conclusion: Knowing the epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical presentations are crucial for timely intervention and successful management. By emphasizing early detection, effective therapies, and the unique challenges posed by each of these infections, this review highlights the importance of tailored strategies for HSCT recipients. Future research can further refine management protocols to enhance care and outcomes for these patients.
Eosinophilic cavitary effusions in cats: 48 cases (2010–2020)
Authors: Wheatley Meagan A. , Stowe Devorah M. , Mochizuki Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundEosinophilic effusions are commonly defined as effusions with ≥10% eosinophils. Eosinophilic cavitary effusions are infrequently observed in cats, with few case reports comprising the majority of the recent literature.ObjectiveThe objective was to review disease associations of cats with eosinophilic cavitary effusions and to assess if a lower threshold of eosinophils (5%–9%) may warrant consideration of similar etiologies associated with effusions with ≥10% eosinophils.MethodsCytology reports were retrospectively reviewed for all feline cavitary effusions submitted for fluid analysis from 2010 to 2020 at a veterinary teaching hospital. Cases were included if the manual leukocyte differential included ≥5% eosinophils and separated into 5%–9% and ≥10% eosinophils groups. Patient records were reviewed for associated medical conditions.ResultsA total of 669 effusions were submitted from 579 cats; 50 effusions from 48 cats had a leukocyte differential with ≥5% eosinophils. The eosinophil proportion was ≥10% in 22 cats; the most common underlying cause was neoplasia (10/22, 45%), followed by inflammatory disease (4/22, 18%), cardiac disease (3/22, 14%), suspect neoplasia (3/22, 14%), and undetermined (2/22, 9%). The underlying causes for the 26 cats with 5%–9% eosinophils were similar; neoplasia (8/26, 31%), cardiac disease (6/26, 23%), inflammatory disease (4/26, 15%), suspect neoplasia (3/26, 12%), undetermined (3/26, 12%), and idiopathic chylothorax (2/26, 8%). Cats with eosinophil proportions ≥10% in the fluid exhibited peripheral eosinophilia more frequently (35%) compared to those with 5%–9% eosinophils (5%).ConclusionsConsistent with the current literature, neoplasia, particularly lymphoma, remains a primary consideration for cats with eosinophilic effusions. Previously unreported associated diseases included cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders. Our findings suggest an eosinophil differential of 5%–9% is seen with similar etiologies considered for classically defined eosinophilic effusions.
Socio‐environmental factors associated with the occurrence of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in an endemic municipality in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Gonçalves Thainara da Silva , Ursine Renata Luiz , Cardozo Miriam , Matos Rosanna Lorrane Francisco dos Reis , de Souza Rita de Cássia Moreira , Diotaiuti Liléia Gonçalves , Gorla David Eladio , de Carvalho Sílvio Fernando Guimarães , Vieira Thallyta Maria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTriatomines are the vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. The study aimed to evaluate the association between sociodemographic and environmental factors, and changes in land use and cover, with the occurrence and abundance of triatomines by census sectors in an endemic municipality of northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. The study was conducted in Montes Claros, located in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The entomological data used in the study were collected by active surveillance in the rural area from 2015 to 2019 and by passive surveillance in the urban area from 2009 to 2019. Data on sociodemographic and environmental factors and changes in land use and land cover were obtained from the urban and rural census sectors. A total of 1404 triatomines, belonging to eight species, were captured in domiciles in the rural area (2015–2019) and 277 triatomines in domiciles in the urban area (2009–2019) of the municipality of Montes Claros. The variables the number of domiciles, household economic income, pavement, NDVI, deforestation, unchanged, and anthropic proved to be positively associated with the occurrence and/or number of triatomines in census sectors, within the models. The occurrence of triatomines in the domestic environment of the municipality of Montes Claros should be considered a public health problem, as it suggests a potential risk of establishment and transmission of T. cruzi to domestic animals, farm animals, and humans.