bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children, young people and the Commercial Determinants of Health
Authors: Pitt Hannah , McCarthy Simone , Arnot Grace 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The commercial determinants of health (CDoH) have a significant impact on the health and well-being of children and young people (subsequently referred to as young people). While most research has focused on the influence of harmful industry marketing on young people, more recent CDoH frameworks have emphasized that a range of commercial systems and practices may influence health and well-being. Focusing on the impact of traditional and digital media, contemporary marketing strategies and corporate production and consumption processes, the following article outlines the impact of the CDoH on the health and wellbeing of young people. The article also provides evidence about how young people conceptualize the impact of corporate actors on health, and their involvement in advocacy strategies to respond. The article recommends that when collaborating with young people to understand the impacts of and responses to the CDoH, we should seek to diversify investigations towards the impact of a range of corporate tactics, systems and structures, rather than simply focusing on the impacts of advertising. This should include considering areas and priorities that young people identify as areas for action and understanding why some young people are more vulnerable to commercial tactics than others. Youth are powerful allies in responding to the CDoH. Public health and health promotion stakeholders could do more to champion the voices of young people and allow them to be active participants in the decisions that are made about harmful commercial practices and health.
Framework for implementing asylum seekers and refugees’ health into the undergraduate medical curriculum in the United Kingdom
Authors: Kwok Man Jit Jess , Jacob Wright 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Ukrainian conflict and the increasing number of asylum seekers and refugees (AS&Rs) in the United Kingdom have highlighted the critical need for a dedicated AS&R health curriculum in medical undergraduate programmes. This study utilized a mixed-method approach to assess the current state of AS&R curricula worldwide, identify shortcomings in the UK’s medical undergraduate curriculum and determine the specific needs of AS&R. A scoping review of literature revealed an absence of comprehensive AS&R health curricula, with many programmes focusing on broader global health issues. Mapping the General Medical Council’s (GMC) Outcomes for Graduates to a UK medical school’s learning outcomes uncovered misalignments with AS&R health requirements and an online survey of AS&R charities exposed barriers related to accessibility and knowledge. The study’s findings emphasize the importance of introducing or reinforcing specific themes in the medical curriculum, such as clarifying terminology and promoting awareness of AS&R organizations. Employing various teaching methods and continuous assessment are vital to evaluate curriculum effectiveness. The development of an AS&R health curriculum is essential to equip future doctors with the necessary skills and knowledge to provide equitable healthcare to this vulnerable population. The study’s findings can serve as a basis for curriculum development and implementation in UK medical schools.
Monotonicity of thep-Green Functions
Authors: Chan Pak-Yeung , Chu Jianchun , Lee Man-Chun , Tsang Tin-Yau 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOn a complete $p$-nonparabolic $3$-dimensional manifold with non-negative scalar curvature and vanishing second homology, we establish a sharp monotonicity formula for the proper $p$-Green function along its level sets for $1&lt;p&lt;3$. This can be viewed as a generalization of the recent result by Munteanu-Wang [ 43] in the case of $p=2$. No smoothness assumption is made on the $p$-Green function when $1&lt;p\leq 2$. Several rigidity results are also proven.
Easy to Be Selfish: When and Why Is One Individual as Influential as Multiple Individuals
Authors: Yang Zheshuai , Zhang Yan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Past research on social influence finds that, all else being equal, a group of people engaged in a particular behavior is generally more influential than a single individual in inspiring others to adopt that behavior. The current research challenges this seemingly intuitive idea by showing that its validity depends on whether the focal behavior is selfish. Seven experiments show that while multiple people are indeed more influential than a single individual in encouraging unselfish behavior, a single individual can be just as influential as multiple people in encouraging selfish behavior. We present evidence that this phenomenon occurs because people generally have a preference for the selfish option and seek justification for their actions. Selfish behavior, whether exhibited by a single individual or a group of people, provides a convenient justification consistent with their preference for selfish behavior. When it comes to unselfish behavior, however, a larger group of influencers is required to counteract their self-benefiting tendencies. Supporting this mechanism, the effect is reversed when people have a pre-existing preference for unselfishness or when selfish behavior is difficult to justify.
Interrelationship between tree-ring width and supra-annual reproductive behaviour of Cedrela odorata: an alert for dendrochronological research
Authors: Costa Monique Silva , de Vasconcellos Thaís Jorge , Lisi Claudio Sergio , Brandes Arno Fritz Neves , Tomazello-Filho Mario , Callado Cátia Henriques 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Allocating resources for reproduction involves ecological and evolutionary factors and can reduce vegetative growth in plants. This interrelationship is not easily observed in nature, as there are many parameters that can limit the production of reproductive structures or the addition of biomass. We related tree-ring width to supra-annual reproductive behaviour of Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae) in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro State. In general, the development of reproductive structures occurred in wet years, without water deficit at the beginning of the growth season. However, in these years, tree-ring width was smaller. These results may be associated with the lack of correlation between tree-ring width and local climate. In this way, we highlight the importance of incorporating reproductive data in radial growth studies to expand the understanding of growth variability in tropical forests.
Computably enumerable equivalence relations via primitive recursive reductions
Authors: Kalmurzayev Birzhan S , Bazhenov Nikolay A , Iskakov Alibek M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The complexity classification of computably enumerable equivalence relations (or ceers, for short) has received much attention in the recent literature. A measure of complexity is typically provided by an appropriate notion of a reduction. Given binary relations $R$ and $S$ on natural numbers, a total function $f$ is a reduction from $R$ to $S$ if for arbitrary $x$ and $y$, the conditions $x~R~y$ and $f(x)~S~f(y)$ are always equivalent. If the function $f$ can be chosen primitive recursive, then we say that $R$ is primitively recursively reducible to $S$, denoted by $R \leq _{pr} S$. We investigate the degree structure $(\textbf {Ceers},\leq _{pr})$ of $\leq _{pr}$-degrees of ceers. We examine when pairs of incomparable degrees have an infimum and a supremum. In particular, we show that $(\textbf {Ceers},\leq _{pr})$ is neither an upper semilattice nor a lower semilattice. We also study first-order definable subclasses of $(\textbf {Ceers},\leq _{pr})$. In particular, we prove that the set of equivalences that have only finitely many classes is definable in $(\textbf {Ceers},\leq _{pr})$. Finally, we show that the structure of $\leq _{pr}$-degrees of computably enumerable preorders has a hereditarily undecidable theory.
Individual subpulses of PSR B1916+14 and their polarization properties
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang C , Han J L , Cai N N , Jing W C , Yan Yi , Wang P F 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
The individual subpulses of pulsars are regarded as their basic emission components, providing invaluable information for our understanding of the radio emission process in the pulsar magnetosphere. Nevertheless, subpulses are overlapped with each other along the rotation phase for most pulsars, making it difficult to study the statistical properties of subpulses. Among the pulsars observed by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), PSR B1916+14 has a large number of isolated well-resolved subpulses in the high-time-resolution observations, having a typical width of 0.15 ms and a high linear polarization. We find that the number distribution of subpulses contributes dominantly to the mean profile. According to the emission geometry, these emission units come from a region roughly 155 km above the polar cap in the pulsar magnetosphere, and the length-scale of the basic emission units is approximately 120 m. The deviations of the polarization position angles for these single subpulses from the standard S-shaped curve are closely related to their fractional linear and circular polarization, and the large deviations tend to come from drifting subpulses.
Spectroscopic analysis of hot, massive stars in large spectroscopic surveys with de-idealized models
Authors: Bestenlehner J M , Enßlin T , Bergemann M , Crowther P A , Greiner M , Selig M 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Upcoming large-scale spectroscopic surveys with e.g. WEAVE (William herschel telescope Enhanced Area Velocity Explorer) and 4MOST (4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope) will provide thousands of spectra of massive stars, which need to be analysed in an efficient and homogeneous way. Usually, studies of massive stars are limited to samples of a few hundred objects, which pushes current spectroscopic analysis tools to their limits because visual inspection is necessary to verify the spectroscopic fit. Often uncertainties are only estimated rather than derived and prior information cannot be incorporated without a Bayesian approach. In addition, uncertainties of stellar atmospheres and radiative transfer codes are not considered as a result of simplified, inaccurate, or incomplete/missing physics or, in short, idealized physical models. Here, we address the question of ‘How to compare an idealized model of complex objects to real data?’ with an empirical Bayesian approach and maximum a posteriori approximations. We focus on application to large-scale optical spectroscopic studies of complex astrophysical objects like stars. More specifically, we test and verify our methodology on samples of OB stars in 30 Doradus region of the Large Magellanic Clouds using a grid of fastwind model atmospheres. Our spectroscopic model de-idealization analysis pipeline takes advantage of the statistics that large samples provide by determining the model error to account for the idealized stellar atmosphere models, which are included into the error budget. The pipeline performs well over a wide parameter space and derives robust stellar parameters with representative uncertainties.
The Milky Way tomography with Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam. I. Halo substructures
Authors: Suzuki Yoshihisa , Chiba Masashi , Komiyama Yutaka , Hayashi Kohei , Tanaka Masayuki , Fukushima Tetsuya , Carlsten Scott G , Tokiwa Akira , Qiu Tian , Takada Masahiro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We analyze the photometric data in the Wide layer of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) over ∼1200 deg2 to uncover new halo substructures beyond the distance, D⊙ ∼ 30 kpc, from the Sun. For this purpose, we develop an isochrone filter for an old, metal-poor stellar system to extract the faint main-sequence stars at a range of distances. With this method, we detect not only the previously discovered substructures such as the Orphan Stream, but also a new overdensity toward Boötes at about D⊙ ∼ 60 kpc and a new stream-like feature toward Pisces at around D⊙ ∼ 60 kpc. It has been suggested that a small-scale overdensity exists in this direction of Pisces (the so-called Pisces Overdensity), but our results show that the overdensity is widely spread with a tidally elongated feature. Combining our results with the ongoing Hyper Suprime-Cam narrow-band survey and the near-future spectroscopic survey with Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) will allow us to place strong constraints on the origin of these halo substructures.
Individuals with fibromyalgia report greater pain sensitivity than healthy adults while listening to their favorite music: the contribution of negative affect
Authors: Wilson Jenna M , Franqueiro Angelina R , Edwards Robert R , Chai Peter R , Schreiber Kristin L 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
We investigated the impact of favorite music on pain processing among individuals with fibromyalgia. We also examined differences in pain processing between individuals with fibromyalgia and healthy controls (HC) while listening to favorite music and explored whether psychosocial factors contributed to these differences.

Methods
Individuals with fibromyalgia and HC completed baseline psychosocial questionnaires and then underwent quantitative sensory testing (QST) during 3 randomized music conditions (meditative music, favorite music, white noise). Among individuals with fibromyalgia, Friedman tests were used to investigate differences in QST across conditions. Analyses of Covariance were used to examine group (HC vs fibromyalgia) differences in QST during favorite music. Correlations were conducted to explore associations of baseline psychosocial factors with QST during favorite music. Mediation analyses were conducted to explore whether psychosocial factors contributed to greater pain sensitivity among individuals with fibromyalgia compared to HC during favorite music.

Results
Individuals with fibromyalgia were less sensitive to pressure pain while listening to their favorite music compared to white noise. Compared to HC, individuals with fibromyalgia reported higher baseline negative affect and lower pain thresholds and tolerances during favorite music. Negative affect partially mediated the relationship between pain status (HC vs fibromyalgia) and pain sensitivity during favorite music.

Conclusions
Individuals with fibromyalgia were less pain sensitive while listening to favorite music than white noise, although they were more sensitive than HC. Greater negative affect endorsed by individuals with fibromyalgia contributed to their greater pain sensitivity. Future studies should explore the impact of favorite music on clinical pain.

Clinical trails registration
This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04087564) and began on 6/13/2019.
A strategy for mechanically integrating robust hydrogel-tissue hybrid to promote the anti-calcification and endothelialization of bioprosthetic heart valve
Authors: Wu Haoshuang , Chen Nuoya , Zheng Tiantian , Li Li , Hu Mengyue , Qin Yumei , Guo Gaoyang , Yang Li , Wang Yunbing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Bioprosthetic heart valve (BHV) replacement has been the predominant treatment for severe heart valve diseases over decades. Most clinically available BHVs are crosslinked by glutaraldehyde (GLUT), while the high toxicity of residual GLUT could initiate calcification, severe thrombosis, and delayed endothelialization. Here, we construed a mechanically integrating robust hydrogel-tissue hybrid to improve the performance of BHVs. In particular, recombinant humanized collagen type III (rhCOLIII), which was precisely customized with anti-coagulant and pro-endothelialization bioactivity, was first incorporated into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogel via hydrogen bond interactions. Then, tannic acid was introduced to enhance the mechanical performance of PVA-based hydrogel and interfacial bonding between the hydrogel layer and bio-derived tissue due to the strong affinity for a wide range of substrates. In vitro and in vivo experimental results confirmed that the GLUT-crosslinked BHVs modified by the robust PVA-based hydrogel embedded rhCOLIII and TA possessed long-term anti-coagulant, accelerated endothelialization, mild inflammatory response and anti-calcification properties. Therefore, our mechanically integrating robust hydrogel-tissue hybrid strategy showed the potential to enhance the service function and prolong the service life of the BHVs after implantation.
A new ex vivo human model of osteoarthritis cartilage calcification
Authors: Faure Elodie , Wegrzyn Julien , Bernabei Ilaria , Falgayrac Guillaume , Bertheaume Nicolas , Pascart Tristan , Hugle Thomas , Busso Nathalie , Nasi Sonia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
Cartilage pathologic calcification is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we aimed to describe a new ex vivo human model to study the progression of cartilage calcification.

Method
Cartilage explants (n = 11), as well as primary chondrocytes (n = 3), were obtained from OA patients undergoing knee replacement. Explants and chondrocytes were cultured in control (NT) or calcification (CM) medium (supplemented with ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate). Calcification was evaluated by micro-CT scan at day 0 and 21 in explants, and by Alizarin red staining in chondrocyte monolayers. Raman spectrometry allowed characterization of the crystal type. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion in explant and cell supernatants was measured by ELISA. Finally, matrix degradation was evaluated by Safranin-O staining of explant sections and by glycosaminoglycans (GAG) released in supernatants.

Results
Micro-CT scan showed calcifications in all explants at baseline (day 0), which in the CM group increased significantly in number and size after 21 days compared with the NT group. Raman spectrometry revealed that crystals were exclusively basic calcium phosphate crystals (carbonated hydroxyapatite) both in NT and CM. IL-6 secretion was significantly increased in calcifying conditions. Finally, CM significantly increased cartilage catabolism as assessed by decreased Safranin-O staining of tissue explants and increased GAG release in supernatants. CM effects (enhanced calcification, IL-6 secretion and proteoglycans turn-over) were recapitulated in vitro in OA chondrocytes.

Conclusions
We have described a new ex vivo human model of cartilage calcification that can summarize the triad of events seen during osteoarthritis progression, i.e. calcification, inflammation and cartilage degradation. This model will allow the identification of new anti-calcification compounds.
Stromal Keratitis Associated With Cytomegalovirus Anterior Uveitis
Authors: Pisitpayat Punyanuch , Mentreddy Akshay , Pekmezci Melike , Hwang David , Shantha Jessica , Benador-Shen Christine , Terry Merryl , Pothikamjorn Thananop , Gonzales John 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) has commonly been reported as a cause of anterior uveitis and corneal endotheliitis. Unlike its other herpetic family members, herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus, involvement of the corneal stroma in CMV is uncommon. In this case series, we describe patients with CMV stromal keratitis.

Methods:
This was a retrospective chart review of patients seen at a tertiary referral center from 1999 to 2023 with stromal keratitis who tested positive for CMV by directed polymerase chain reaction of aqueous fluid or corneal tissue.

Results:
This series describes 5 patients, 4 of whom presented with anterior uveitis and stromal keratitis and were confirmed to be positive for CMV through the polymerase chain reaction of aqueous fluid. The fifth patient experienced recurrent corneal graft failures, with the most recent failed graft being positive for CMV based on immunohistochemical stains of the corneal stroma. The average age of patients was 62 years (range 36–80 years). Only 1 patient (20%) exhibited elevated intraocular pressure with stellate keratic precipitates at the initial presentation, whereas 3 other patients (60%) had a known history of glaucoma.

Conclusions:
Uveitis specialists are well aware of CMV as a cause of recurrent, hypertensive anterior uveitis but should also consider CMV in cases featuring stromal keratitis. The corneal endothelium may serve as a reservoir for both anterior uveitis and development of corneal stromal inflammation as demonstrated by the immunohistopathology exhibited in 1 case.
Back to the Future: Intravenous Fosfomycin is Safe and Effective for the Treatment of Complicated Infections in Children
Authors: Roversi Marco , Musolino Antonio , Di Giuseppe Martina , Tripiciano Costanza , Cursi Laura , Lancella Laura , Krzysztofiak Andrzej 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Despite its broad spectrum and excellent safety profile, fosfomycin is still rarely used in pediatrics, with very limited experience from clinicians.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all children admitted to Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy, and treated with fosfomycin for any serious infection. Children with immunodeficiency and oncologic diseases were excluded. Of each, we reported and analyzed demographic and clinical data.

Results:
The clinical charts of 20 patients were reviewed and analyzed. The mean age was 10.2 years. Most children were males (85%). Most patients treated had an osteo-articular infection (65%). In our sample, 7 patients (35%) had an underlying comorbidity. The causative agent was isolated in 14 cases (70%). All patients were treated with a combination of 2–3 antibiotics, including fosfomycin. The average duration of antibiotic treatment was 18 days. After treatment, 8 patients (40%) experienced a mild adverse reaction, possibly correlated with the administration of fosfomycin. All patients were discharged in good clinical condition.

Conclusions:
The present study reports on a sample of pediatric patients with complicated infections where administration of fosfomycin led to eradication of the disease with little or no side effects. Role of the underlying condition and concomitant medication in causing the reaction could not be ruled out. These data suggest that fosfomycin is an effective and safe antibiotic in the pediatric population, particularly for deep-seated infections sustained by multi-drug resistant pathogens.