bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THREE‐DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX REVERSIBLY REGULATES MORPHOLOGY, PROLIFERATION AND COLLAGEN METABOLISM OF PERISINUSOIDAL STELLATE CELLS (VITAMIN A‐STORING CELLS)
Authors: SENOO HARUKI , IMAI KATSUYUKI , SATO MITSURU , KOJIMA NAOSUKE , MIURA MITSUTAKA , HATA RYU‐ICHIRO 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe three‐dimensional structure of the extracellular substratum was found to regulate reversibly the morphology, proliferation and collagen synthesis of perisinusoidal stellate cells (lipocytes, i.e. fat‐storing ‘Ito’ cells). On non‐coated polystyrene and type I collagen‐coated culture dishes, the cells spread well and extended their cellular processes. On the surface of type I collagen gels, the cells gathered and formed a mesh‐like structure. However, in type I collagen gel where the cells were surrounded by type I collagen three‐dimensionally, the cells extended their fine cellular processes and resembled the star‐shaped stellate cells seenin vivo. The cell proliferation was more prominent in culture dishes coated with type I collagen or in polystyrene culture dishes than on or in type I collagen gels. The collagen synthesis was affected in the same manner. These data indicate that the nature and the three‐dimensional structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) can regulate morphology, proliferation and functions of the perisinusoidal stellate cells. In order to examine the reversibility of these regulations, we liberated cultured cells with trypsin or with purified bacterial collagenase and re‐seeded them onto or into each substratum. The cells changed their shape, rate of proliferation and collagen synthesis according to each new substratum. These results indicate that the three‐dimensional structure of ECM reversibly regulates the morphology, proliferation rate and functions of the perisinusoidal stellate cells.
DIFFERENTIATION OF MESENCHYMAL LIMB BUD CELLS TO CHONDROCYTES IN ALGINATE BEADS
Authors: SHAKIBAEI M. , De SOUZA P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractManyin vitromodels of embryonic material used for the cultivation of chondrocytes yield mixed cultures consisting of chondrocytes and fibroblast‐like cells. For the optimization of cartilage cell cultures, alginate, a semisolid medium, was employed to obtain pure chondrocyte cultures.Isolated mesenchymal cells from 12‐day‐old mouse limb buds were grown in alginate for up to 4 weeks. A sub‐population of the cells differentiated to chondrocytes and exhibited a stable phenotype until the end of the culture period. After 3 to 4 days a cartilage‐specific matrix started to develop. Fibroblast‐like cells from this mixed culture did not survive; they became necrotic.When alginate was later on dissolved by chelating agents, only chondrocytes were isolated. During dissolution of alginate and centrifugation, chondrocytes did not lose their contact with their new matrix present on their surfaces. Cultivation of these chondrocytes or chondrones in mass culture yields a pure chondrocyte population. Immunoelectron microscopic investigations revealed collagen type II, fibronectin, decorin and chondroitin sulfate‐proteoglycans in the chondrocyte capsules and in mass culture.
VISUALIZATION OF GOLGI APPARATUS IN METHACRYLATE EMBEDDED CONIFER EMBRYO TISSUE USING THE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY JIM 84
Authors: EVANS DAVID E. , CLAY PATRICIA J. , ATTREE STEPHEN , FOWKE LARRY C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMethacrylate embedding followed by resin removal has been used for the first time to visualize a membrane‐associated antigen at the tissue level. Monoclonal antibody JIM 84 was used to stain the Golgi apparatus of gymnosperm (conifer) embryos by light microscope immunocytochemistry. Specificity of labelling was confirmed by electron microscope immunocytochemistry using LR‐white resin. GA staining was evident in all stages of white spruce somatic embryo development from immature to mature. Some regions of the somatic embryos (e.g. root cap/suspensor region) stained more vigorously than other regions (hypocotyl/cotyledon end). GA also stained in roots of Monterey pine and Douglas fir. Unlike the situation in most angiosperms, JIM 84 antigen appears to be absent from the conifer plasma membrane. However, it appears to be present in representatives of both major classes of higher plants.
THE EFFECTS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ALTERED INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM LEVELS ON VESICULAR TRANSPORT OF APOE‐EGFP
Authors: Dekroon Robert M. , Armati Patricia J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractApolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a role in the distribution of lipid within many organs and cell types in the human body, including the central nervous system (CNS). The apoE4 isoform is also an established risk factor for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), however its role in the aetiology of the disease remains largely unknown. Therefore, as AD is a late‐onset disease, we sort to investigate how conditions hypothesised to model ageing affect apoE metabolism, such as the transport of apoE along the secretory pathway. Two of these models include oxidative stress and calcium deregulation. Using apoE‐EGFP‐expressing astrocytoma cell lines we established that vesicle number and velocity are up‐regulated under oxidative stress conditions, and slowed under KCl induced calcium deregulation. Although these findings apply to cells in general under these two stress conditions, the up‐regulation of apoE in particular may be a response to cell injury with implications for neurodegeneration such as that found with late‐onset AD.
ORGANIZATION OF FOCAL ADHESION PLAQUES IS DISRUPTED BY ACTION OF THE HIV‐1 PROTEASE
Authors: Shoeman Robert L. , Hartig Roland , Hauses Claudia , Traub Peter 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFocal adhesion plaques were severely affected in human embryonic fibroblasts permeabilized with digitonin and incubated in buffer containing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease (HIV‐1 PR). A mutant HIV‐1 PR (3271 HIV‐1 PR) had no effect on focal adhesion plaques. Similar effects were seen with cells microinjected with either HIV‐1 PR or 3271 HIV‐1 PR. Immunoblots of the human embryonic fibroblasts demonstrated that a number of focal adhesion plaque proteins were specifically cleaved by HIV‐1 PR. These included fimbrin, focal adhesion plaque kinase (FAK), talin, and, to a lesser extent, filamin, spectrin and fibronectin. Proteins detected by antibodies to β4 integrin and α3 integrin were also cleaved by the HIV‐1 PR. Control experiments demonstrated that the effect and protein cleavages described are due to action of the HIV‐1 PR and not to the action of endogenous host cell proteases.
Notes on the Misunderstood Buellia Dives (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.
Authors: Giralt Mireia , Tønsberg Tor , Holien Håkon 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA description of the polysporous Buellia dives (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr. is provided. It is distinct from Buellia polysporella (Nyl.) Arnold, with which it has been placed in synonomy, by the lecideine (versus lecanorine) apothecia, the dark brown (versus colourless) hypothecium and the Buellia-type (versus Physcia-type) ascospores. Further, B. polysporella is shown to be conspecific with Rinodina polyspora Th. Fr. and is reduced to synonomy with that species. Buellia dives is reported as new to Norway and Spain and notes on its ecology and distribution are given.
Emergent Marine Record and Paleoclimate of the Last Interglaciation along the Northwest Alaskan Coast
Authors: Brigham-Grette Julie , Hopkins David M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe last interglacial high sea-level stand, the Pelukian transgression of isotope substage 5e, is recorded along the western and northern coasts of Alaska by discontinuous but clearly traceable marine terraces and coastal landforms up to about 10 m altitude. The stratigraphy indicates that sea level reached this altitude only once during the last interglacial cycle. From the type area at Nome, to St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea, to the eastern limit of the Beaufort Sea, Pelukian deposits contain extralimital faunas indicating that coastal waters were warmer than present. Amino acid ratios in molluscs from these deposits decrease to the north toward Barrow, consistent with the modern regional temperature gradient. Fossil assemblages at Nome and St. Lawrence Island suggest that the winter sea-ice limit was north of Bering Strait, at least 800 km north of its present position, and the Bering Sea was perennially ice-free. Microfauna in Pelukian sediments recovered from boreholes indicate that Atlantic water may have been present on the shallow Beaufort Shelf, suggesting that the Arctic Ocean was not stratified and the Arctic sea-ice cover was not perennial for some period. In coastal regions of western Alaska, spruce woodlands extended westward beyond their modern range and in northern Alaska, on the Arctic Coastal Plain, spruce groves may have entered the upper Colville River basin. The Flaxman Member of the Gubik Formation on the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain was deposited during marine isotope substage 5a and records the breakup of an intra-stage 5 ice sheet over northwestern Keewatin.
An Integrated Latest Quaternary (Stage 3 to Present) Paleoclimatic and Paleoceanographic Record from Offshore Northern New Zealand
Authors: Wright Ian C. , McGlone Matt S. , Nelson Campbell S. , Pillans Brad J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPaleoceanographic and onshore paleoclimatic changes during the last 59,000 yr are established from three deep-sea sediment cores off northeast New Zealand using an integrated log of sediment texture, CaCO3 content, palynology, and planktonic and benthic foraminiferal δ18O and δ13C data, together with dated silicic tephras. These records from the isotopic stage 4-3 boundary to the present record northern New Zealand vegetation history, changes in a subsidiary equatorward flow of Circumpolar Deep Water, and sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) for subtropical water (STW) between latitudes 36°42′ and 35°51′S. Relative to the Holocene, isotopically derived SSTs record average changes of +2°C, -2°C, and -2°C for the 59,000-43,000, 43,000-24,000, and 24,000-12,000 yr time slices, respectively. The apparent +2°C warming for the 59,000-43,000 yr period is interpreted to reflect changes in the dominant depth habitat of Globigerina bulloides in response to upwelling. A -2°C cooling of SSTs during isotope stage 2 is interpreted, in part, to reflect upwelling of cool subsurface water resulting from strong and persistent westerly airflow across New Zealand, with the concomitant enhanced surface-water production of CaCO3. Onshore, vegetation consistent with these changes are recorded, with full conifer-hardwood forest prior to 43,000 yr, followed by a change to vegetation implying cooler and drier conditions between 43,000 and 12,000 yr, and a subsequent return to full forest during the Holocene. The sequence of biopelagic and hemipelagic sedimentation observed within these cores reflect oscillation of sea level about a threshold eustatic level that controls the transport of terrigenous detritus offshore. Local variations and interplay of the regional oceanography and morphology and tectonism of the continental shelf will dictate that, relative to present sea level, this threshold eustatic sea level will vary in depth, and hence age, along a continental margin. Data from the New Zealand region reveal an extremely steep meridional thermal gradient across the southern and central New Zealand region during the last glaciation with minor cooling of STW to the north, apart from localized nearshore upwelling zones, but pronounced cooling of subantarctic water to the south of the subtropical convergence zone.
Radiocarbon Geochemistry of Modern and Ancient Arctic Lake Systems, Baffin Island, Canada
Authors: Abbott Mark B. , Stafford Thomas W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe accuracy of Arctic lake chronologies has been assessed by measuring the 14C activities of modern carbon sources and applying these isotopic mass balances to dating fossil lake materials. Small (<1 km2) shallow (<25 m) Arctic lakes with watersheds <12 km2have soil and peat stratigraphic sections with14C activities ranging from 98 to 51% Modern. The14C activity of particulate organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and dissolved inorganic carbon from lake and stream waters ranges from 121 to 95% Modern. The sediment–water interface of the studied lakes shows consistent14C ages of ∼100014C yr, although the14C activity of living aquatic vegetation is 115% Modern. Radiocarbon measurements of components of the lacustrine carbon pool imply that the ∼100014C yr age of the sediment–water interface results from deposition of14C-depleted organic matter derived from the watershed.
A Late-Quaternary Pollen Record from Ka‘au Crater, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i
Authors: Hotchkiss Sara , Juvik James O. 
Published: October 2002

A pollen record from Ka‘au Crater, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i contains evidence for changes in vegetation and climate since about 28,00014C yr B.P. Zone 1 (ca. 28,100–ca. 22,80014C yr B.P.) has pollen of dry to mesic forest species, includingPipturus-type,Dodonaea viscosa, Acacia koa, Chenopodium oahuense, Claoxylon sandwicense, Myrsine,andMetrosideros-type. In zone 2 (ca. 22,800–ca. 16,20014C yr B.P.)MyrsineandCoprosmaincrease, with herbs, fern allies, and Grammitidaceae suggesting open canopies. Zone 3 (ca. 16,200–ca. 970014C yr B.P.) has pollen of wet forest species, includingFreycinetia arborea,abundantPritchardia,andMetrosideros-type. Zone 4 (ca. 9700–ca. 700014C yr B.P.) is similar, with lessPritchardiaand moreMetrosideros-type.Climate reconstruction was based on modern climatic ranges of flowering plants and an index derived from abundance of pollen in surface samples. Both methods agree on a qualitative reconstruction, although the ages are poorly constrained: 28,000–25,00014C yr B.P. cool and dry; 25,000–23,00014C yr B.P. dry and warmer; 23,000–20,00014C yr B.P. moderately dry with declining temperature; 20,000–16,00014C yr B.P. moderately dry and cool; 16,000–900014C yr B.P. warm and wet; 9000–700014C yr B.P. warm and possibly drier. Lower precipitation at Ka‘au Crater during the late glacial period and last glacial maximum is consistent with the interpretation that the North Pacific subtropical anticyclone was south of its present position. The pollen-derived temperature index yields an estimate of 3°–5°C temperature depression during the last glacial maximum.
Closed kinetic chain alone compared to combined open and closed kinetic chain exercises for quadriceps strengthening after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with respect to return to sports: a prospective matched follow‐up study
Authors: Mikkelsen C. , Werner S. , Eriksson E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has focused over the past decade on closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises due to presumably less strain on the graft than with isokinetic open kinetic chain exercises (OKC); however, recent reports suggest that there are only minor differences in ACL strain values between some CKC and OKC exercises. We studied anterior knee laxity, thigh muscle torque, and return to preinjury sports level in 44 patients with unilateral ACL; group 1 carried out quadriceps strengthening only with CKC while group 2 trained with CKC plus OKC exercises starting from week 6 after surgery. Anterior knee laxity was determined with a KT‐1000 arthrometer; isokinetic concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring muscle torque were studied with a Kin‐Com dynamometer before and 6 months after surgery. At an average of 31 months after surgery the patients answered a questionnaire regarding their current knee function and physical activity/sports to determine the extent and timing of their recovery. No significant differences in anterior knee laxity were noted between the groups 6 months postsurgery. Patients in group 2 increased their quadriceps torque significantly more than those in group 1, but no differences were found in hamstring torque between the groups. A significantly higher number of patients in group 2 (n=12) than in group 1 (n=5) returned to sports at the same level as before the injury (P<0.05). Patients from group 2 who returned to sports at the same level did so 2 months earlier than those in group 1. Thus the addition of OKC quadriceps training after ACL reconstruction results in a significantly better improvement in quadriceps torque without reducing knee joint stability at 6 months and also leads to a significantly higher number of athletes returning to their previous activity earlier and at the same level as before injury.
Significance of bile leaks complicating conservative surgery for liver hydatidosis
Authors: Skroubis George , Vagianos Constantine , Polydorou Andreas , Tzoracoleftherakis Evangelos , Androulakis John 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHepatic hydatidosis presents a challenge in liver surgery, and there is still controversy regarding the appropriate surgical technique. A high incidence of postoperative bile leaks is reported as a significant disadvantage of conservative surgical procedures. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence and clinical importance of bile leakage in patients being treated exclusively by a conservative surgical technique. From January 1985 to November 2000 a total of 187 patients were operated on at our department for hepatic hydatidosis. They were subjected to the standard conservative surgical technique (wide unroofing and cyst drainage). A total of 18 complications were related to bile leakage (10%), 3 of them bile abscesses (1 drained surgically and 2 percutaneously), 1 case of bile peritonitis due to an accessory bile duct in the gallbladder bed (treated surgically), and 14 fistulas (1 bronchobiliary and 13 biliocutaneous). Five of the fistulas, including the bronchobiliary one, were treated successfully by endoscopy; and the remaining nine healed after conservative treatment. Bile leakage, representing a significant complication following conservative operations for hepatic hydatidosis, can be effectively treated conservatively or endoscopically, not justifying more aggressive surgical approaches.
Children's and adults' recall of children's news stories in both print and audio‐visual presentation modalities
Authors: Furnham Adrian , De Siena Samantha , Gunter Barrie 
Published: October 2002

AbstractResearch into adults' recall from different presentation modalities has demonstrated a recall advantage for print over television yet recent research indicates that children remember television news better than print news. An experiment was conducted by comparing children's and adults' recall of children's news stories presented in two different modalities, television and print, in order to establish whether children's recall advantage for television is dependent on their age or level of reading proficiency. A sample of 40 adults, 40 13‐year‐olds and 40 11‐year‐olds were presented with children's news stories, either in their original televised form or in a print version. All participants were aware they would be tested for recall. The results of the cued recall test indicated that children from both age groups learned more from the television news than from the print versions, regardless of age or reading proficiency and that adults remembered equal amounts from both presentation modalities. For the 11‐year‐olds the advantage of television was only found for information that had been accompanied by redundant pictures in the televised version, providing support for the dual‐coding hypothesis. For 13‐year‐olds the recall of television was not dependent on the addition of redundant visual information. Viewers and readers were found to invest the same amounts of mental effort, but reported levels of invested mental effort were found to be dependent on age and level of reading proficiency. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repeated interrogations: verbal and non‐verbal cues to deception
Authors: Granhag Pär Anders , Strömwall Leif A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe major aim of this study was to investigate to what extent verbal and non‐verbal features of liars' and truth‐tellers' behaviour change during the course of repeated interrogations. After seeing a staged event, 24 suspects (12 liars and 12 truth‐tellers) were interrogated three times over a period of 11 days. In terms of the non‐verbal features, and in line with our prediction, we found that the liars displayed significantly fewer smiles, self‐manipulations, pauses, and less gaze aversion than truth‐tellers. Furthermore, over time the initial differences between liars' and truth‐tellers' non‐verbal behaviour increased for smiles, gaze aversion and pauses. In addition, we found that the cue ‘richness of detail’—the most indicative verbal marker for truth as given in previous research—had no discriminative power at any of the interrogation sessions. Finally, and in contrast to beliefs held by supposed expert lie‐catchers (e.g. judges and police officers), truthful and deceptive statements were found to be equally consistent over time. The psycho‐legal implications of the above findings are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When is a map not a map? Task and language in spatial interpretation with digital map displays
Authors: Davies Clare 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCognitive studies of map interpretation, for both paper‐based and digital maps (e.g. in geographic information systems), have generally assumed awareness of the map's geographic representational characteristics. However, many tasks using a digital map do not require visualization of the geographic environment it represents, but a conflicting focus on the geometric properties of the visual array. An experimental study demonstrated that the tasks performed and linguistic terms used with a digital map influenced the user's mental representation, as reflected by ease of orientation within the actual geographic environment (as measured by an unexpected photograph interpretation task). The map was still present during this task, since the concern was with interpretation rather than recall. No gender, age or expertise effects were found. Results are discussed with regard to the concept of reference frames and other spatial distinctions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between high performance and knowledge about how to master cooperation situations
Authors: Sonnentag Sabine , Lange Ilka 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper applies the expertise approach to cooperation settings and examines high performers' knowledge about cooperation situations. We argue that high performers know more about how to address cooperation situations than do moderate performers. Specifically, we assume that they know more about problem analysis, about how to address the task, the cooperation partner and the cooperation partners' task approach. We report findings of two empirical studies in which study participants responded to scenario situations. The first study based on a sample of 39 software professionals showed that high performers were superior with respect to overall knowledge and specific knowledge aspects. The second study based on a sample of 62 engineers partially replicated these findings. High performers' better knowledge of cooperation situations could not be explained by years of experience or perspective taking. However, situation‐specific experiences partially accounted for the relationship between performance level and knowledge. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.