bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevation of preoperative serum C‐reactive protein level is related to poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shimada Hideaki , Nabeya Yoshihiro , Okazumi Shin‐Ichi , Matsubara Hisahiro , Shiratori Tooru , Aoki Taito , Sugaya Makoto , Miyazawa Yukimasa , Hayashi Hideki , Miyazaki Shin‐Ichi , Ochiai Takenori 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAn increased serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) level was found in patients with various malignant tumors and was associated with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinicopathological significance and the prognostic value of preoperative CRP levels in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.Patients and MethodsThe preoperative CRP level was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 150 patients with primary esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. All patients underwent radical surgery without any preoperative therapy. The patients were divided into two groups using a cut‐off value of 1.0 mg/dl. The pathological classifications of the tumor were examined according to the TNM/UICC classification. The associations between the clinicopathological factors and CRP level were determined. The prognostic value of CRP was determined using Cox's proportional hazards model.ResultsThirty‐five patients (23%) showed high CRP levels (more than 1.0 mg/dl). Statistically significant differences in CRP levels were observed depending on tumor depth (P = 0.022) and TNM/UICC stage (P = 0.001). A high CRP level was associated with poor survival (P = 0.005) and was confirmed by multivariate analysis.ConclusionsA high CRP level is associated with tumor progression and poor survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;83:248–252. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk factors for multicentric occurrence of carcinoma in the upper aerodigestive tract—analysis with a serial histologic evaluation of the whole resected‐esophagus including carcinoma
Authors: Morita Masaru , Araki Koshi , Saeki Hiroshi , Sakaguchi Yoshihisa , Baba Hideo , Sugimachi Keizo , Yano Koichi , Sugio Kenji , Yasumoto Kosei 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe have reported that both lifestyle and family history might be related to multiplicity of carcinoma in the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT). The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the number of carcinomas and risk factors.MethodsA serial histologic evaluation of the entire non‐irradiated esophagus was performed in 114 males with esophageal cancer who were divided into three groups (group I: 88 cases with solitary cancer, group II: 11 with double cancers, group III: 15 with three or more cancers). As controls, 228 males with benign diseases were selected.ResultsAmong group III patients, both the incidence of heavy smoking and that of heavy drinking were 67% and 60%, which were significantly higher than those of group I (28% and 30%) and control subjects (14% and 10%, respectively). Heavy drinkers who were also heavy smokers were observed in 2, 10, 27, and 47% in control subjects, groups I, II, and III, respectively. Regarding family history, 27% of group III had a close relative with UADT or lung cancer, while the incidence was 7% in the control.ConclusionsThese findings strongly support the hypothesis that heavy smoking and heavy drinking, as well as a family history of both UADT and lung cancer, might be risk factors for multicentric occurrence of UADT cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;83:216–221. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Qualitative and quantitative determination of halogenated derivatives in wastewater from coking plant
Authors: Czaplicka Marianna 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis paper describes a modification of the EPA 625 method for determination of chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols in wastewater containing pyridine bases. The method modification consists in introduction of an additional liquid/liquid extraction step for isolation, from the samples under investigation, of pyridine and quinoline bases, and also fractions consisting of benzene, its homologues, and its halogenated derivatives. The modified method has been used to determine the concentrations of chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols present in coking wastewater.
Household level tree planting and its implications for environmental management in the northwestern highlands of Ethiopia: a case study in the Chemoga watershed, Blue Nile basin
Authors: Bewket W. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe unsustainable exploitation and destruction of forests is a serious environmental concern in the developing countries of Africa. One of its main driving forces is the growing population causing a growing demand for fuelwood. In Ethiopia, as in many developing countries, there is a heavy dependence on and a growing demand for fuelwood. This dependence has been contributing to a widescale deforestation, as stated in various reports. Contrary to these reports, a study in the Chemoga watershed found a slightly increased forest cover during the past four decades, which was ascribed to households' tree planting practices. The objective of this study was to examine household level tree planting activities in reference to biofuel consumption patterns in four sample villages in the watershed. The results indicate that fuelwood and cattle dung accounted for nearly 100 per cent of the domestic energy consumption, with cattle dung contributing 34 per cent of the total. Fuelwood and dung combined, per capita biofuel consumption was estimated at 511 kg yr−1, but with variations between the villages and socio‐economic groups. Supply appears to have influenced the quantity of biofuels used. The scarcity of wood for fuel and other uses has forced households to plant trees. This has contributed to the increased forest cover of the watershed at the present as compared to that four decades ago. Number of trees planted showed variation between the villages and socio‐economic groups, which is attributable to physical and human factors. In promoting tree planting, agroforesters and environmental management planners should therefore take into account local level biophysical and socio‐economic realities. This agroforestry practice is a good short‐term solution to the problem of fuelwood shortage, and also has many positive implications for environmental management and agricultural production. Thus, it has to be encouraged. Spatially aggregated, local level agroforestry practices contribute positively towards global ecosystem health. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An improved method for determination of Holocene coastline changes around two ancient settlements in southern Anatolia: a geoarchaeological approach to historical land degradation studies
Authors: Bal Y. , Kelling G. , Kapur S. , Akça E. , Çetin H. , Erol O. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractTwo well‐known ancient sites in southern Anatolia were selected to investigate and quantify the impact of historical land degradation on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. These sites are the Luwian settlements of Kelenderis (modern Aydıncık) and nearby Nagidos (Bozyazı), both in Mersin Province and both occupied since around 4000 BP. Changes in local climatic conditions over this period have produced variations in the rates of fluvial transport of sediment/soil from the hinterland into the relevant deltaic regions, thus influencing rates of coastal progradation and aggradation. In addition, both eustatic and neotectonic movements have contributed to deltaic subsidence and/or hinterland uplift, with consequential impact on coastal evolution (positive or negative). The novel geoarchaeological methodology adopted in this study involves the creation of a graphical archive from detailed and standardised measurements taken from rectified mono‐ and stereoscopic aerial photographs. These archival data were then integrated with data from several types of historical map and field measurements in order to develop a geographical information system (GIS) database that could be interrogated, enabling graphical models of past coastal change to be constructed and calculations then made of the coastal configurations at successive historical periods.These calculations reveal that over the past 6000 years there has been only limited erosion/degradation in the karstic hinterland supplying the sediment to these two study sites (contrary to some previous statements concerning the high degradation risk of Mediterranean karst terrains). Furthermore, rates of progradation in each delta appear to have become diminished or even reversed in the past several decades as a result of both natural and anthropogenic factors. The precise contribution ofneotectonic movements in this seismically active zone remains unquantified and is a topic requiring further interdisciplinary study. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formalizing expert judgements in land degradation assessment: a case study for Ethiopia
Authors: Sonneveld B. G. J. S. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractExpert judgements are potentially a valuable source of information in land degradation assessment, especially in areas where data paucity impedes the use of quantitative models. However, expert opinions are also much disputed because they are not tested for consistency, abstain from formal documentation, while their quantitative interpretation is inherently unidentifiable. This paper evaluates and formalizes the use of expert judgements to conduct a nationwide water erosion hazard assessment in Ethiopia. We, therefore, test the experts' judgement for consistency, its correlation with quantitative measurements on soil loss and its reproducibility. The study uses an Ethiopian and an international dataset for which experts gave qualitative judgements on water erosion hazard, for well‐described sites under different types of land uses. Experts show a high consistency in their judgements on land degradation, but a comparison with quantitative soil losses from runoff plots reveals that boundaries of middle classes vary widely between experts, while they tend to overestimate soil loss. Reproducing expert opinions with an ordered logit model shows a reasonable accuracy in predicting presence or absence of erosion, yet the model is less precise in distinguishing between higher erosion classes. In 58 per cent of the cases, the model gives a similar classification as the experts, in 19 per cent the model estimates higher and, more seriously, in 23 per cent a lower erosion class. Mapping the model results for Ethiopia demonstrates a high erosion hazard for land under annual crop cultivation, while erosion under perennial crops, rangeland and forest is absent or moderate. The likelihood of the model to select the correct hazard class for rangeland is relatively high but medium to low probabilities prevail for erosion classes of other land uses. The model needs a further justification to give adequate results for arid areas. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving agroforestry in sandy subhumid northwestern Shandong, China
Authors: Zhang H. , Shao X. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractA highly productive sustainable agroforestry system was established on degraded sandy soils in Gaotang County in the northwestern region of Shandong Province. Five pre‐existing types of land use were compared. Of these, cropping without forest protection would not be sustainable because of wind erosion, while the benefits from extensive forest stretches are extremely low. Sandy soils in this region could be effectively used by agroforestry systems. The profitability and sustainability of the system depends on proportions and arrangements of trees and crops. The locally developed agroforestry was dramatically improved. In the improved system, tree areas were considerably reduced and intercropping of fruit‐tree‐crop and crop‐crop were increased. The locally developed agroforestry is already ten times more profitable than extensive forest stretches offering minimum shading and root competition, or eight times more than extensive forest stretches offering maximum shading and root competition. Profit from the improved agroforestry is about threefold that of the locally developed agroforestry system. Other sandy regions in China and elsewhere in Asia and Africa could profit from a similar integrated approach, as described here. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Black soil degradation by rainfall erosion in Jilin, China
Authors: Yang X. M. , Zhang X. P. , Deng W. , Fang H. J. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBlack soils, originally characterized by a deep, dark A‐horizon, are widespread in the Northeast Plain of China and have been one of the most fertile agricultural resources in the country. However, more than a half‐century of intensified management degraded its productivity, mainly with the loss of the dark‐coloured A‐horizon by rainfall erosion. Using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), the rainfall erosion losses of black soils in YuShu and DeHui counties of Jilin Province were estimated. The rate of loss of thickness of the A‐horizon of black soils and the time over which the A‐horizons of some black soils in the region might be lost were evaluated. The results showed that about 4–45 t ha−1 topsoil could have been lost each year under corn (Zea mays L.) production. Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) production would double the losses. Soil losses were directly related to soil type, tillage practices and crop grain yields. The thickness of the A‐horizon of black soils in the region decreased at rates of 0ċ5–4ċ5 mm yr−1, depending on soil type and management practices. Corn production may have resulted in an annual loss of 8ċ3 million tonnes of topsoil from black soils alone in Jilin Province; soybean production could have greatly increased this loss. Traditional intensified farming can accelerate the degradation of black soils; conservation tillage has great potential to prevent rainfall erosion losses for the same soils. Accordingly, to preserve and restore the productivity of black soils, conservation tillage is appropriate and should be adopted in Jilin. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphology, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Poly(propylene) Fibre‐Matrix Composites
Authors: Houshyar Shadi , Shanks Robert A. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractPreparation and properties of poly(propylene)‐poly(propylene) composites have been investigated. Poly(propylene) fibres of varying diameter have been incorporated in a random ethyleneco‐poly(propylene). The composites prepared from the same semi‐crystalline polymer in the matrix and reinforcement have lead to inherently strong interfacial bonding between the two phases of the same polymer. The composites demonstrated enhanced stiffness, which increased with fibre diameter. The structure, thermal, static and mechanical properties of poly(propylene) long fibre reinforced randomco‐poly(propylene) composites have been studied with reference to the fibre diameter. The matrix and fibre components retained their separate melting temperatures. After melting, the two phases remained separate and showed their individual crystallization temperatures on cooling, and melting temperatures on a second heating. The melting temperature of the poly(propylene) fibres increased after formation of the composites. The compression molding of the composites at a temperature below the melting temperature of the fibres caused annealing of the fibre crystals. By incorporation of long poly(propylene) fibre into randomco‐poly(propylene), the glass transition, storage and static modulus have been found to be increasing and composite with the largest fibre diameter shows better properties. Transcrystallization of the matrix poly(propylene) was observed.Optical microscopy of composites with fibre diameter 68 μm.magnified imageOptical microscopy of composites with fibre diameter 68 μm.
Monomers for Adhesive Polymers, 4
Authors: Moszner Norbert , Zeuner Frank , Angermann Jörg , Fischer Urs Karl , Rheinberger Volker 
Published: July 2003

AbstractHydrolytically stable, crosslinking bis(acrylamide)s 1a–1l or bis(methacrylamide)s 2a–2c were synthesized by reaction of acryloyl or methacryloyl chloride using primary or secondary amines. In addition, monomers 3a and 3b were obtained by amidation of 2,6‐dimethylene‐4‐oxaheptane‐1,7‐dicarboxylic acid (DMOHDA) with propylamine and diethylamine, respectively. The structures of the monomers were characterized by IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. All monomers containing N,N′‐monosubstituted carbamide groups were solids. Those containing N,N′‐disubstituted carbamide groups were water‐soluble liquids. Water‐soluble bis(acrylamide) 1d (N,N′‐diethyl‐1,3‐bis(acrylamido)propane) shows a radical polymerization reactivity in the presence of 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AMPAHC) similar to that of glycerol dimethacrylate, as revealed by gelation experiments in water. 1d is hydrolytically stable in 20 wt.‐% phosphoric acid and can be used to substitute dimethacrylates in self‐etching dentin adhesives. Furthermore, this monomer was also suitable as a reactive diluent in composites.magnified image
Mass spectrometry in grape and wine chemistry. Part I: Polyphenols
Authors: Flamini Riccardo 
Published: July 2003

Abstract

I.
Introduction
218

II.
Quality Improvement
219

III.
Grape and Wine Polyphenols
220

IV.
Mass Spectrometry in the Study of Polyphenols and Procyanidins
222

V.
Mass Spectrometry in the Study of Anthocyanins and their Derivatives
229

VI.
Mass Spectrometry in the Study of Structures Formed by Polymerization of Anthocyanins and Flavan‐3‐ols
234

VII.
Mass Spectrometry and Grape and Wine Resveratrol
240

VIII.
Application of MALDI in the Study of Polyphenols
243

IX.
Mass Spectrometry Applied to the Study of Wine Polyphenols from Cork Bottle Stoppers and Oak Barrels
245

X.
Conclusions
246

References
247

Mass spectrometry, had and still has, a very important role for research and quality control in the viticulture and enology field, and its analytical power is relevant for structural studies on aroma and polyphenolic compounds. Polyphenols are responsible for the taste and color of wine, and confer astringency and structure to the beverage. The knowledge of the anthocyanic structure is very important to predict the aging attitude of wine, and to attempt to resolve problems about color stability. Moreover, polyphenols are the main compounds related to the benefits of wine consumption in the diet, because of their properties in the treatment of circulatory disorders such as capillary fragility, peripheral chronic venous insufficiency, and microangiopathy of the retina. Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (LC‐MS) techniques are nowadays the best analytical approach to study polyphenols in grape extracts and wine, and are the most effective tool in the study of the structure of anthocyanins. The MS/MS approach is a very powerful tool that permits anthocyanin aglycone and sugar moiety characterization. LC‐MS allows the characterization of complex structures of grape polyphenols, such as procyanidins, proanthocyanidins, prodelphinidins, and tannins, and provides experimental evidence for structures that were previously only hypothesized. The matrix‐assisted‐laser‐desorption‐ionization‐time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) technique is suitable to determine the presence of molecules of higher molecular weight with high accuracy, and it has been applied with success to study procyanidin oligomers up to heptamers in the reflectron mode, and up to nonamers in the linear mode. The levels of resveratrol in wine, an important polyphenol well‐known for its beneficial effects, have been determined by SPME and LC‐MS, and the former approach led to the best results in terms of sensitivity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 22:218–250, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mas.10052
Atmospherically relevant ion chemistry of ozone and its cation
Authors: de Petris Giulia 
Published: July 2003

Abstract

I.
Introduction
251

II.
Positive‐Ion Chemistry of Ozone
253

A.  The Reactivity of O3+ and O3
254

A.  Ozone and Oxygen
256

C.  Ozone and Nitrogen
257

D.  Ozone and Carbonyl Sulfide
258

E.  Ozone and HFCFs–HFCs
260

F.  Ozone and NOx
262

III.
Links Between Neutral and Ionic Atmospheric Chemistry
265

A.  An Ionic Route to N2O
265

B.  An Ionic Route to O3
267

C.  A New Sulfur Oxide
269

References
269

The importance of ionic processes that occur in terrestrial, planetary, and stellar atmospheres is receiving increasing recognition. Actually, ions play important, often crucial, roles in a variety of atmospheric processes throughout the universe, and a strong link with the neutral chemistry is also apparent. In the terrestrial atmosphere, the ionic reactions are most relevant in those transient and fleeting events, e.g., lightning, coronas (in thunderstorm clouds and along power lines), where the local ion density is much higher than in unperturbed air, and the chemical systems are typically far from equilibrium. In such cases, ozone, a key molecule for the terrestrial atmosphere, is also present in high local concentrations; it is formed from O2 by the same transient event. Accordingly, this review provides a survey of the positive ion chemistry of ozone with several of the most important “atmospheric” species: the reactions, the products, and the importance of the examined processes are discussed also in the light of the local thermodynamic disequilibrium (LTD) approach to the chemistry of transient atmospheric events. In all such studies, mass spectrometry is traditionally, and remains today, the experimental technique of choice. The novel application of mass spectrometry to the study of neutral species (NRMS), highly successful for the preparation and positive detection of long‐sought, otherwise inaccessible, short‐lived neutrals, makes mass spectrometry the most powerful tool now available for the study of the species and processes that are relevant to atmospheric chemistry. Selected examples of the interlink between the neutral and the ionic chemistry are also illustrated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 22:251–271, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mas.10053