bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardized treatment protocols for hypertension: global availability, characteristics, and alignment with the hypertension guideline recommendations
Authors: Satheesh Gautam , Dhurjati Rupasvi , Huffman Mark D. , Rosende Andres , Rodgers Anthony , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Ordunez Pedro , Jha Vivekanand , Salam Abdul 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Hypertension control is suboptimal globally. Implementing evidence-based, simple, standardized treatment protocols (STPs) has been instrumental in effectively and efficiently improving treatment and control of hypertension. We aimed to identify, characterize, and critically appraise hypertension STPs.

Methods:
We defined STP as a series of steps for the pharmacological treatment of primary hypertension, with information on target population, BP threshold for treatment initiation, target BP, specific drugs/classes/doses, and follow-up frequency. STPs for adult patients were identified from the websites of relevant health organizations, Google search, and through expert consultations (until July 2023). STPs for secondary, gestational, or malignant hypertension or those that were templates/samples were excluded. Included STPs were critically appraised using HEARTS in the Americas Checklist for hypertension management in primary care and compared with the 2021 WHO hypertension management guideline recommendations.

Results:
Fifty STPs were identified. All STPs had a stepwise treatment approach, involved guideline-recommended first-line drugs, and 98% consisted of at least four steps. Majority (54%) recommended monotherapy with calcium channel blockers as first-line treatment. Only 44% STPs recommended treatment initiation with combination therapy, and 16% recommended single-pill combinations. Most (62%) had dose-intensification as the second step. Most (74%) STPs did not provide complete dosing information. Only one STP mentioned a target time for achieving BP control. On average, STPs scored a performance of 68% on the HEARTS Checklist.

Conclusion:
Several STPs are available globally; however, most of them have enormous scope for improvement through interventions aimed at alignment with the latest evidence-based guidelines and multistakeholder engagement.
ORBITAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME AFTER PRIMARY SCLERAL BUCKLE SURGERY
Authors: Mei Frank , Tajran Jahan N. , Mohamed Mohamed R. , Patel Kishan G. , Wang Angeline L. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to illustrate a patient with orbital compartment syndrome after scleral buckle placement that was successfully treated with canthotomy and cantholysis.

Methods:
This is an observational case report.

Results:
A 26-year-old man underwent a primary scleral buckle repair for a chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. On postoperative day four, the patient presented to the emergency room with pain and increased intraocular pressure. Initial treatment with conservative intraocular pressure–lowering agents was unsuccessful. The patient was diagnosed with delayed orbital compartment syndrome and was successfully managed with lateral canthotomy and inferior cantholysis in addition to aggressive steroid and antibiotic medical management.

Conclusion:
After scleral buckle placement with sub-Tenon anesthesia block, there may be a delayed presentation of orbital compartment syndrome. Recognition and management of this rare complication is important for preventing irreversible blindness.
PROGRESSIVE RETINOPATHY IN A PATIENT WITH MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS TYPE II UNDERGOING ENZYME REPLACEMENT THERAPY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Wouters Margot C. , Van Lint Michel 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to report the changing fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and ocular coherence tomographic (OCT) findings through time in a patient with mucopolysaccharidosis type II being treated with idursulfase, an enzyme replacement therapy (ERT).

Methods:
This was a case report with clinical photography.

Results:
The authors report the case of a 27-year-old male patient with mucopolysaccharidosis type II whom they followed from 2019 to 2023. Throughout the follow-up, the authors noticed a slow increase of parafoveal outer retinal atrophy centripetally, which is reflected in a smaller hyperautofluorescent ring and increasing ring scotoma on visual field testing. The patient remains asymptomatic.

Conclusion:
Despite continuing long-term enzyme replacement treatment with idursulfase, the retinopathy associated with mucopolysaccharidosis type II progressed in the patient.
DISTINCTIVE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY AND INDOCYANINE GREEN ANGIOGRAPHY IMAGING PATTERNS IN TOPIRAMATE-INDUCED CHOROIDAL EFFUSION
Authors: Bijon Jacques , Flynn Erin , Freund K. Bailey 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to describe novel findings seen on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and indocyanine green angiography in a young male patient presenting with bilateral topiramate-induced choroidal effusion.

Methods:
This is a retrospective case report. A comprehensive ophthalmic examination was conducted and multimodal imaging techniques, including B-scan ultrasound, OCT, OCTA, and indocyanine green angiography were analyzed.

Results:
A male patient in his 30s presented with a myopic shift due to bilateral choroidal effusion induced by a medication containing topiramate prescribed for weight loss. Indocyanine green angiography showed multiple hypofluorescent spots within the choroid corresponding to areas of reduced OCTA flow signal in both the inner and deeper en face choroidal slabs. Symptoms and abnormal imaging findings resolved within 5 days of discontinuing the medication.

Conclusion:
Findings observed with OCTA and indocyanine green angiography together suggest multifocal reversible areas of reduced choroidal vascular flow occurring in a topiramate-induced choroidal effusion. The authors propose that this transient hypoperfusion is due to compression from deeper choroidal vessels with a congested choroid.
Evaluating a Shared Reflective Practice to Develop Nursing Student Clinical Judgment
Authors: Maffucci Jennifer , Vanderzwan Kathryn , Burt Leah 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Self-reflection is a valuable method that nurse educators can use to develop clinical judgment skills among prelicensure nursing students. Little research exists on improving clinical judgment in second-degree nursing students in the clinical setting.

Purpose:
To determine the implications of increasing clinical judgment skills in prelicensure nursing students using a shared structured reflection teaching innovation within a required baccalaureate clinical course.

Methods:
This educational innovation used qualitative descriptive methods to evaluate its effectiveness in the clinical setting among students in the final semester of an accelerated prelicensure nursing program.

Results:
Students reported increased accountability for their learning, a sense of intentionality with their nursing practice, and a deeper sense of community with their peers.

Conclusions:
Shared reflective practices in the clinical setting show promise for increasing clinical judgment and supporting a competency-based curriculum.
Sunitinib in Tandem With 177Lu-DOTATATE Therapy in Advanced Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Aggarwal Piyush , Gunasekaran Vinisha , Sood Ashwani , Gupta Kushal , Das Chandan Krushna , Mittal Bhagwant Rai 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Various systemic treatment options are available for advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs); however, individual treatment may be suboptimally effective. Sunitinib inhibits multiple kinases and signaling pathways with delay in tumor growth, whereas peptide radioreceptor therapy (PRRT) delivers targeted radiation to the tumors in pancreatic NETs. There is a dearth of literature on the combined or tandem use of these systemic treatment modalities. We present a case of 40-year-old man with advanced pancreatic NET where PRRT or sunitinib as monotherapy had a suboptimal treatment response, but the use of sunitinib in tandem with 177Lu-PRRT reinforced the response to the treatment.
Modelling individual aesthetic judgements over time
Authors: Brielmann Aenne A. , Berentelg Max , Dayan Peter 
Published: December 2023

Listening to music, watching a sunset—many sensory experiences are valuable to us, to a degree that differs significantly between individuals, and within an individual over time. We have theorized (Brielmann & Dayan 2022Psychol. Rev.129, 1319–1337 (doi:10.1037/rev0000337))) that these idiosyncratic values derive from the task of using experiences to tune the sensory-cognitive system to current and likely future input. We tested the theory using participants’ (n= 59) ratings of a set of dog images (n= 55) created using the NeuralCrossbreed morphing algorithm. A full realization of our model that uses feature representations extracted from image-recognizing deep neural nets (e.g. VGG-16) is able to capture liking judgements on a trial-by-trial basis (medianr= 0.65), outperforming predictions based on population averages (medianr= 0.01). Furthermore, the model’s learning component allows it to explain image sequence dependent rating changes, capturing on average 17% more variance in the ratings for the true trial order than for simulated random trial orders. This validation of our theory is the first step towards a comprehensive treatment of individual differences in evaluation.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives’.
Cultivating creativity: predictive brains and the enlightened room problem
Authors: Constant Axel , Friston Karl John , Clark Andy 
Published: December 2023

How can one conciliate the claim that humans are uncertainty minimizing systems that seek to navigate predictable and familiar environments with the claim that humans can be creative? We call this the Enlightened Room Problem (ERP). The solution, we suggest, lies not (or not only) in the error-minimizing brain but in the environment itself. Creativity emerges from various degrees of interplay between predictive brains and changing environments: ones that repeatedly move the goalposts for our own error-minimizing machinery. By (co)constructing these challenging worlds, we effectively alter and expand the space within which our own prediction engines operate, and that function as ‘exploration bubbles’ that enable information seeking, uncertainty minimizing minds to penetrate deeper and deeper into artistic, scientific and engineering space. In what follows, we offer a proof of principle for this kind of environmentally led cognitive expansion.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives’.
A hole in a piece of cardboard and predictive brain: the incomprehension of modern art in the light of the predictive coding paradigm
Authors: Kesner Ladislav 
Published: December 2023

Incomprehension of and resistance to contemporaneous art have been constant features in the development of modern art. The predictive coding framework can be used to analyse this response by outlining the difference between the misunderstanding of (i) contemporary conceptual/minimalist art and (ii) early modern avant-garde art and by elucidating their underlying cognitive mechanisms. In both of these cases, incomprehension and its behavioural consequences are tied to the failure of the optimal prediction error (PE) minimization that is involved in the perception of such art works. In the case of contemporary conceptual/minimalist art the failure stems from the fact that the encounter results in non-salient visual sensations and generates no PE. In early modern avant-garde art, the occasional inability of viewers to recognize pictorial content using new pictorial conventions reflected the absence of suitable priors to explain away ambiguous sensory data. The capacity to recognize pictorial content in modernist painting, as a prerequisite for a satisfying encounter with such works and ultimately a wider acceptance of new artistic styles, required an updating of a number of expectations in order to optimize the fit between priors and sensations, from low-level perceptual priors to the development of higher-level, culturally determined expectations.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives’.
The impact of crossmodal predictions on the neural processing of aesthetic stimuli
Authors: Tiihonen Marianne , Haumann Niels Trusbak , Shtyrov Yury , Vuust Peter , Jacobsen Thomas , Brattico Elvira 
Published: December 2023

Neuroaesthetic research has focused on neural predictive processes involved in the encounter with art stimuli or the related evaluative judgements, and it has been mainly conducted unimodally. Here, with electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography and an affective priming protocol, we investigated whether and how the neural responses to non-representational aesthetic stimuli are top-down modulated by affective representational (i.e. semantically meaningful) predictions between audition and vision. Also, the neural chronometry of affect processing of these aesthetic stimuli was investigated. We hypothesized that the early affective components of crossmodal aesthetic responses are dependent on the affective and representational predictions formed in another sensory modality resulting in differentiated brain responses, and that audition and vision indicate different processing latencies for affect. The target stimuli were aesthetic visual patterns and musical chords, and they were preceded by a prime from the opposing sensory modality. We found that early auditory-cortex responses to chords were more affected by valence than the corresponding visual-cortex ones. Furthermore, the assessments of visual targets were more facilitated by affective congruency of crossmodal primes than the acoustic targets. These results indicate, first, that the brain uses early affective information for predictively guiding aesthetic responses; second, that an affective transfer of information takes place crossmodally, mainly from audition to vision, impacting the aesthetic assessment.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives’.
Cognitive and sensory expectations independently shape musical expectancy and pleasure
Authors: Cheung Vincent K. M. , Harrison Peter M. C. , Koelsch Stefan , Pearce Marcus T. , Friederici Angela D. , Meyer Lars 
Published: December 2023

Expectation is crucial for our enjoyment of music, yet the underlying generative mechanisms remain unclear. While sensory models derive predictions based on local acoustic information in the auditory signal, cognitive models assume abstract knowledge of music structure acquired over the long term. To evaluate these two contrasting mechanisms, we compared simulations from four computational models of musical expectancy against subjective expectancy and pleasantness ratings of over 1000 chords sampled from 739 US Billboard pop songs. Bayesian model comparison revealed that listeners' expectancy and pleasantness ratings were predicted by the independent, non-overlapping, contributions of cognitive and sensory expectations. Furthermore, cognitive expectations explained over twice the variance in listeners’ perceived surprise compared to sensory expectations, suggesting a larger relative importance of long-term representations of music structure over short-term sensory–acoustic information in musical expectancy. Our results thus emphasize the distinct, albeit complementary, roles of cognitive and sensory expectations in shaping musical pleasure, and suggest that this expectancy-driven mechanism depends on musical information represented at different levels of abstraction along the neural hierarchy.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives’.
A model of time-varying music engagement
Authors: Omigie Diana , Mencke Iris 
Published: December 2023

The current paper offers a model of time-varying music engagement, defined as changes in curiosity, attention and positive valence, as music unfolds over time. First, we present research (including new data) showing that listeners tend to allocate attention to music in a manner that is guided by both features of the music and listeners' individual differences. Next, we review relevant predictive processing literature before using this body of work to inform our model. In brief, we propose that music engagement, over the course of an extended listening episode, may constitute several cycles of curiosity, attention and positive valence that are interspersed with moments of mind-wandering. Further, we suggest that refocusing on music after an episode of mind-wandering can be due to triggers in the music or, conversely, mental action that occurs when the listener realizes they are mind-wandering. Finally, we argue that factors that modulate both overall levels of music engagement and how it changes over time include music complexity, listener background and the listening context. Our paper highlights how music can be used to provide insights into the temporal dynamics of attention and into how curiosity might emerge in everyday contexts.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives’.
Being alive to the world: an artist's perspective on predictive processing
Authors: Pepperell Robert 
Published: December 2023

I consider predictive processing (PP) from the perspective of an artist who also conducts scientific research into art and perception. This paper presents artworks I have made and statements from other artists that exemplify some of PP's core principles. But it also raises questions about the extent to which current applications of PP theory provide a comprehensive account of art experience. Prediction error minimization, a key mechanism of PP, has been proposed as a cause of positive aesthetic affect because artworks offer opportunities for reward through disambiguation and learning. However, there are many cases where prediction errors proliferate in art experiences in a way that enhances aesthetic affect. Here I suggest the inability of our perceptual systems to minimize prediction errors when beholding certain artworks can evoke heightened states of fascination and exhilaration. Moreover, powerful artworks provide opportunities for maximizing prediction errors, within certain bounds, by evoking states of paradox, contradiction and illogicality. I conclude that beholding such artworks can intensify our sense of being by making us more alive to the world.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives’.
Transforming Healthcare Education: Harnessing Large Language Models for Frontline Health Worker Capacity Building using Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Authors: Al Ghadban Yasmina , Lu Huiqi (Yvonne) , Adavi Uday , Sharma Ankita , Gara Sridevi , Das Neelanjana , Kumar Bhaskar , John Renu , Devarsetty Praveen , Hirst Jane E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent years, large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a transformative force in several domains, including medical education and healthcare. This paper presents a case study on the practical application of using retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) based models for enhancing healthcare education in low- and middle-income countries. The model described in this paper, SMARThealthGPT, stems from the necessity for accessible and locally relevant medical information to aid community health workers in delivering high-quality maternal care. We describe the development process of the complete RAG pipeline, including the creation of a knowledge base of Indian pregnancy-related guidelines, knowledge embedding retrieval, parameter selection and optimization, and answer generation. This case study highlights the potential of LLMs in building frontline healthcare worker capacity and enhancing guideline-based health education; and offers insights for similar applications in resource-limited settings. It serves as a reference for machine learning scientists, educators, healthcare professionals, and policymakers aiming to harness the power of LLMs for substantial educational improvement.
A pilot study of the impact of smells on the behavior of level 3 autistic children and adolescents during an ongoing task
Authors: Dantec M , Cazalis F , Peyrical A , Luisier AC , Benabou C , Coeur-Bizot S , Mandairon N , Mantel M , Bensafi M 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe present pilot study aims to perform a first evaluation of the effect of smells on the behavior of autistic children and adolescents (level 3) while they are performing a routine task and are going through a more or less intense crisis situation. To do this, we developed a protocol adapted for a field study in the familiar environment (specialized school) of 8 autistic children and adolescents, where the effect of odors on the behaviors of screaming, agitation, and aggression was assessed. First, it was possible to carry out this protocol on this level 3 autistic population. Second, the results acquired on subjective data collected by the experimenter suggest that odors may reduce certain behavioral traits such as agitation or screaming. These data should be considered as proof-of-concept, with results that need to be confirmed in a larger sample of autistic individuals.
Sources of Firearms Used by Children in K-12 School Shootings, 1999-2021
Authors: Studdert Vivian V. , Miller Matthew 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundShootings in US schools have become common and deadly events. Little is known about the sources of firearms used in these shootings.MethodsWe used the K-12 School Shooting Database (K-12 SSDB) to identify a sample of shootings on school campuses between 1999 and 2021 that were perpetrated by children (<18 years) and resulted in at least one death or injury. We searched news stories and public records to gather information on the sources of the firearms used in these shootings. Additional descriptive information on the shootings, shooters, and victims came from the K-12 SSDB.ResultsA total of 217 school shootings met our eligibility criteria, and we recovered information on the source of the firearms used in 65 (30%) of them. Most of the shootings occurred inside (68%) and involved one shooter (97%) who typically used a handgun (80%). A total of 71% of the shootings involved assault or homicide, 26% were accidental, and 3% involved an assault or homicide that ended in the shooter’s suicide. In 60% of the shootings, shooters obtained the firearm(s) from their home. The next most common sources were another person’s home (17%) or the street (17%). Among shootings for which the firearms were obtained from the shooter’s home, 77% belonged to a parent or guardian and 18% belonged to another relative.ConclusionsFirearms used by child perpetrators of K-12 school shootings come predominantly from the shooter’s home, where they usually belong to the perpetrator’s parents. Stronger adherence to guidelines for safe firearm storage has the potential to reduce risks of these tragedies.