bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eventive Stem Formations
Authors: L.Sihler Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The parent speech had a number of present/imperfect formations, and a much smaller array of aorist formations. It is probable that each of these originally had some function. Some of these are becoming more clear, but we have to take some of the stem-formations merely as formal types. Synopsis of eventive stems FROM THE PROTO-INDO-EUROPEAN POINT OF VIEW: In a given IE language some stem types will remain productive, while others disappear or are represented by a relic class or maybe a stray form or two. By phonetic changes one type may give rise to several; or conversely distinct stem types may merge in one. New types arise and become productive. The results are so diverse that classifications tailored to the specifics of the various branches of the IE family are unavoidable. This is an obstacle to straightforward comparison of the systems Greek and Latin, or even of details within the systems: the classification of L verbs under the four conjugations based on the infinitive, for example, is passably suited to the facts of L, but it would be quite unsuitable for G and for the parent language, in both of which there is little or nothing of ‘conjugations’ in the L sense.
Have International Differences in Educational Attainment Levels Narrowed?
Authors: Lichtenberg Frank R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Simple models of aggregate production imply that productivity (output per worker or per unit of total input) depends on the “quality” oflabor input in general and the distribution of the work force by educational attainment in particular. International variation in (the level and growth rate ot) educational attainment should result in variation in (the level and growth rate ot) productivity. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze longitudinal, country-level data on educational attainment (and its determinants, enrollment rates) and to consider the “effect” of education differences on international productivity differences.
The Material Environment of London’s Youth
Authors: Hanawalt Barbara A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Glowing descriptions of medieval London abound, beginning with Fitzstephen’s from the twelfth century.1 But looking at the city through the eyes of its children and youth gives a different perspective on the city and on the material conditions within it. The London that most children knew was an intimate one that included their house or tenement rooms, their street (which was also their play area), and their parish. This microcosm must be Our first vantage point as we investigate the London of young children. As the children, particularly the boys, grew, their perambulations could take them farther afield, as they went to school or began to be useful for errands. The city walls extended for 2 miles and 608 feet and enclosed only a little more than 1 square mile.2 One has a sense of an intimate environment in which one could walk from the Tower to Ludgate in about half an hour.
Orphans and T’Their Upbringing
Authors: Hanawalt Barbara A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Reading through approximately 2,000 wardship cases in London’s Letter Books is enough to make a historian skeptical about Philippe Aries’s claim that children were not valued. London’s mayor, aldermen, and chamberlain were busy men with their own businesses, as well as official duties, but they paid careful attention to the welfare of citizens’ orphans who were in their charge. London’s laws were remarkably caring. Orphanhood was common in the cities of medieval Europe, but London’s approach was particularly protective of orphans’ lives and fortunes. Life was tenuous for parents as well as for children. Many of London’s children grew up in families with at least one stepparent, and some lost both parents and were reared by family friends or even by complete strangers. Female-headed households were not uncommon, nor were those with stepparents as well as stepsiblings. In this respect, these London children have much in common with modern American children who grow up with stepparents or with one parent (albeit because of a high divorce rate rather than because of high mortality).1 London’s laws granted medieval orphans more protection than our own courts give today’s children. They determined who would raise them, monitored the fortunes of the youth, and required that people who undertook to administer their estates have sureties who would also guarantee the return of the estate with their own money; they also
Epilogue In Alaska
Authors: Mcnickle D’arcy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Treaty of Cession by which Alaska passed from Russia to the United States in 1867 assured the “liberty, property, and religion” of those Russian subjects who chose to remain in Alaska, an assurance that extended to many settled natives, principally Aleuts. Natives not living in Russian settlements, referred to in the treaty as “the uncivilized tribes,” were to be “subject to such laws and regulations as the United States may, from time to time, adopt in regard to the aboriginal tribes of that country.”
Gnosticism as a Type of Religion
Authors: Lee Philip J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
FOR the gnostic Christian, ancient or modern, the simple faith (pistis) of the believer is not sufficient. Instead, there must be knowledge (gnosis). Using this Greek verbal noun, the Church Fathers tagged the ancient heresiarchs with the derogatory name gnostics (gnostikoi), “those who know.” Often there was the ironic implication, “those who think they know something the rest of us do not know.” It is too simple, of course, to say that the gnostic knew, whereas the orthodox Christian believed. The New Testament writers and the Church Fathers also claimed to know something. In the New Testament and the writings of the Fathers, however, what is known is primarily an objective, received collection of data concerning “what God has done for man and to man and ... what man owes to God in the way of obedience.” The gnostics, on the other hand, knew something which was quite distinctive from common knowledge. They knew secret information that had not been and could not be revealed to hoi polloi. For instance, in The Apocryphon of James, Christ is reported to have appeared to James and Peter “after five hundred and fifty days since he had risen from the dead.”
Dealing with Child Abuse, the Red Herring of Child Welfare
Authors: Lindsey Duncan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the outset, the current system is fueled by an inclination to investigate parents to find evidence that they are to blame for the harms and dangers befalling their children, and the balance in the dual role is tipped toward the investigative/coercive/child removal role to the detriment of the helping role. Attention is deflected from the context of poverty in which most families live who are reported to the agency.
A Vision for the Future
Authors: Lindsey Duncan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Surprised by the unexpectedly high proportion of cases of cleft palate coming from certain sparsely populated counties in upstate New York… Gentry responded by doing what public health physicians have done for decades; he started putting up pins on a map, in this instance a map of New York state, one pin for each case… When all the pins were in place, they made a pattern that Gentry found familiar. Where had he seen it before? After some effort, he remembered. It was in a geology course, on a map of igneous rock formations… Some of these rocks emit natural radiation, and, as Gentry knew, radiation had been suspected as a possible source of cleft palate and other deformities present at birth.
Ireland and the art of the syllable
Authors: Watkins Calvert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our knowledge of Early Irish metrics rests on the four texts published by R. Thurneysen as Mittelirische Verslehrenin Irische Texte3 (1891) 1-182, begun with ninth-century examples and worked successively in the tenth and eleventh century. This wealth of material has been organized and presented in concise and exemplary fashion in G. Murphy’s fundamental 1961 work, from which most of the present account is taken.
Most ancient Indo-Europeans
Authors: Watkins Calvert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most scholars and thinkers since Aristotle have proceeded on the assumption that the chorus of Greek drama, certainly the chorus of comedy and satyr-play and possibly the chorus of tragedy as well, originated with the cult of Dionysos. Henrichs cites a number of recent treatments, from Pickard-Cambridge and Webster 1962 through Burkert 1966 to Winnington-Ingram 1985.
Italy and India: The elliptic offering
Authors: Watkins Calvert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Both show ellipsis (gapping) of a finite verb of the semantic type ‘I propitiate’ or the like. In each case the identity of the deity addressed is clearly specified by the ritual context, which involves vocatives or explicit naming in the ritual instructions. The particular similarity of the phrases with the ablative pihaclu/piaculowas attributed to diffusion within Italy. Other Umbrian examples were noted with and without pihaclu,but the oldest example, in table LLa 25 in the native alphabet, showed a “minimalist” formula simply tiu puni tiu vinu‘Thee with mead, thee with wine’.
‘Truth of truth’, ‘most kavi of kavis’, ‘throng-lord of throngs’: An Indo-Iranian stylistic figure
Authors: Watkins Calvert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We can be precise; the figure in Vedic has been exhaustively studied by H. Oertel (1937, cited by Narten 1986:164). He found (p. 37) a total of five examples in all of Vedic literature (counting the two instances of the same formula above as one), where ‘Das regierende Nomen wird durch ein superlativisches Adjektiv qualifiziert.’ All occur first in the Rigveda, and later instances are repetitions of the Rigvedic passages.
More strophic structures
Authors: Watkins Calvert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The enumerations are identical to those in the Germanic, Indic, and Irish healing charms to be discussed below (chapters 56 and 57).9 The body parts of the ram will call out (wewakkanzi §4) the sickness of the body part of the mortal: ‘head will lift sickness of head’ etc.
The saga of Iphitos and the hero as monster
Authors: Watkins Calvert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The monstrous behavior of the hero Herakles abases him to the level of a monster, and in terms of formulaic echoes, to one in particular: the Kuklops. The utter wantonness and lawlessness of the Kuklops lies not in his cannibalism, but in his eating guests.
Thor’s hammer and the mace of Contract
Authors: Watkins Calvert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the preceding chapters we have studied the formulaic aspects of the narration of the dragon-slaying myth in a variety of early Indo-European languages. It was noted that the fullest expression of the mythological theme involved the specification of the WEAPON, typically identified as a mace, cudgel, or war club, often a metaphor for the thunderbolt.
The Wisdont of God
Authors: Valeri Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On July 8, 1758, more than twelve thousand regular and provincial troops, one of the largest British expeditions ever assembled in North America, attacked the French-held Fort Carillon at Ticonderoga. Defended by fewer than four thousand Frenchmen under the marquis de Montcalm, Ticonderoga lay between Major General James Abercromby’s forces and their chief objective to the north, Crown Point, from which French and Indian forces protected the southern entrance to Lake Champlain and terrorized English settlers on the New York and Massachusetts frontier.1
On the Jewish Presence in Nineteenth-Century European Musical Life
Authors: Mendelsohn Ezra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If The Merchant of Venice presents the most famous negative stereotype of the Jew in English literature, George Eliot’s Daniel Deronda (1876) is perhaps that literature’s most famous philosemitic novel. In this work we encounter a professional musician of great distinction whose high minded pursuit of truth in art is contrasted to the shallow dilletantism of the English upper classes. The name of this cosmopolitan gentleman is Professor Klesmer (klezmer is the Yiddish word for musician), and it has been suggested that he is modeled on the celebrated Russian pianist of Jewish origin, Anton Rubinstein.
Kirke’s Men: Swine and Sweethearts
Authors: Brilliant Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The animal nature of men and their surrender to the bestializing forces of unmediated desire have long been a topos of the moral critique of mankind, well before it was taken up by contemporary feminists. Whether or not this unflattering view is justified, the imagery of men as “pigs” has an arresting power due, no doubt in part, to the piggish behavior of pigs, gluttony and lust being their salient characteristics.
Aspasia in Greek History
Authors: Henry Madeleine M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our ignorance of Aspasia’s life course is emblematic of our ignorance of the lives of all women in fifth-century Hellas. This only seems so shocking and our curiosity so keenly and urgently justified because Aspasia’s reputation has thrown her into high relief. In fact, however, we are even more ignorant of other women-nameless persons whose lives may have been quite similar to hers. To ask questions about Aspasia’s life is to ask questions about half of humanity. One may assume that her early life began typically, that is to say, inauspiciously, and that we must seek its broadest outlines not in the atypical but in the normative bounds. It would be necessary to do this even should it ever become demonstrable that every scurrilous anecdote about Aspasia had a factual basis. We must learn to forget Aspasia’s reputation.
Aspasia in the Postclassical West
Authors: Henry Madeleine M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Greek East and the Latin West both figured women as sinful vessels. As Greek sources and the knowledge of Greek disappeared from the West, most information about Aspasia was lost. The Middle Ages, which has recently been identified as the time when feminist consciousness first germinated, saw women speaking and thinking in a Christian context, whether as mystics inspired by God, or as authorized to speak and think through their own motherhood. The Christian environment of that time would appear to have been an unpromising one for the development of Aspasia’s bios.
Nostos
Authors: MacDonald Dennis Ronald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The next several stories narrate Andrew’s return, or nostos, to Achaea. Unfortunately, these chapters survive almost exclusively in Gregory’s epitome (GE), which in tum was based not on The Acts of Andrew directly but on a Latin translation. Gregory’s surgery was brutal. He omitted nearly every speech and often tortured the story line in order to “summarize only the wonders.” For example, he devoted only thirty-eight lines to the content treated thus far. Almost nothing remains of the speeches, including Andrew’s long conversation with Captain Jesus. The residents of Myrmidonia are no longer cannibals, there is no reference to the old man and the fourteen executioners, Andrew never goes to the city of the barbarians, and he does not return to rescue people from the abyss. Apart from the retention of the word “Myrmidonia,” Gregory’s account contains nothing to suggest the slightest interest in Homer.
Back in Achaea
Authors: MacDonald Dennis Ronald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From this point to the end of the Acts, Andrew never leaves Achaea. After a few episodes in Patras (GE 22–24) he travels to Corinth (GE 25–27), Sparta (GE 28), Megara (GE 29), and returns to Patras (GE 30–33), where he will die. The Acts of Andrew thus conforms with Odyssey Books 13–24, which pertain entirely to Achaea. Books 13 and 14 take place in Ithaca, Book 15 moves to Sparta in order to bring Telemachus home via Pylos, and from the end of Book 15 to the end of the epic, the action occurs entirely in Ithaca.
Recognitions
Authors: MacDonald Dennis Ronald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The third and final section of The Acts of Andrew narrates events leading up to the apostle’s death at the bands of Aegeates. The text of this section—conventionally but somewhat inaccurately called the Passion—survives nearly intact, thanks in large measure to the transformation of the martyrdoms of the apocryphal Acts into hagiographies for liturgical use. In this chapter I analyze Passion 1–50, Andrew’s preaching in Patras. In chapter 7 I discuss Passion 51–64, Andrew’s execution.
How Energy and Tension Interact
Authors: Thayer Robert E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Energy and tension form a complex relationship with each other.1 The two states are sometimes positively related; that is, as one increases so does the other. This is evident in such combinations as tense energy or calm-tiredness. But sometimes they are negatively related. As one increases the other decreases. This is seen in calm-energy and tense-tiredness. The circumstances in which these positive and negative relationships occur are important theoretical elements of a bio psychological model of mood.
Self-Regulation: Why, How, and How Effective?
Authors: Thayer Robert E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Moods intrude into our consciousness, and bad moods often motivate us to take action.1 But neutral moods may also result in action usually, behaviors that will make us feel even better. This is an elemental process that underlies much of our behavior, which is actually nothing less than the principle that people seek pleasure and avoid pain. Variations of this motivational view have been apparent for thousands of years, and most human behavior follows this pat tern.
Individual Differences in Mood-Regulating Strategies
Authors: Thayer Robert E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is now evident that people self-regulate their moods in a variety of ways, using many behaviors, sugars and other foods, as well as drugs such as caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol. But people aren’t all the same. In our research, we found pronounced differences in ways of self-regulating, depending on the type of person. For example, men and women have quite different ways of reacting to a bad mood. Significant differences also can be found between young and old, professionals and nonprofessionals, better or less educated, and even different weight types and levels of introversion and extra version.
Mood Substitution: Different Ways of Achieving the Same Mood
Authors: Thayer Robert E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the movie Clean and Sober, Michael Keaton plays a hotshot Phil adelphia real estate agent who uses cocaine. Although at first he denies it, he really is an addict. Because of some legal problems, he enters a drug rehabilitation program to hide out for a while. In part, the movie is about his experiences of coming to grips with his addiction and detoxifying from the drug. In one scene Keaton is meeting in a restaurant with his “sponsor” M. Emmit Walsh. Walsh is a veteran Alcoholics Anonymous member whose role is to help and advise Kea ton, particularly during times when his urge to use cocaine is over whelming. In this scene, Walsh is eating chocolate ice cream and chocolate cake.
The Alleged Impossibility of Philosophical Poetry
Authors: Poetry The Alleged Impossibility of Philosophical 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among the opinions of the Stoic or Stoicizing thinker called “Aristo”1 which Philodemus professes to find astonishing is his approval of “good thought found in poems which present good thoughts and actions, or which aim at education”; the Epicurean writer adds, apparently as his own comment, “although no poet has written or is ever likely to write poems containing such thoughts”2-a remark which prompted Jensen to wonder “whether Lucretius’ poem was not yet known to him when he wrote that.”3 The recent discovery of a text of Lucretius in Philodemus’ library4 does not resolve this chronological question, since it could have been added to the collection after his death; and even if Philodemus saw the poem, we do not know whether his command of Latin was sufficient for him to appreciate its merits. More interesting than such biographical speculations is the question whether he would have felt obliged to condemn Lucretius’ poem if he did know it, that is, how broadly his criticism of Aristo is to be interpreted.
A Trinitarian Theology of Cross and Resurrection
Authors: Thompson John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The previous chapters have shown us in general terms that God is revealed in Jesus Christ by the Holy Spirit as the triune God. To stop there, however, could leave us open to the valid criticism that all we have in revelation is an epiphany, an appearance of God in our space and time. This, while true, would fail to plumb the depth of the reality of God’s nature, his coming and appearing in the form of man. For he comes in Jesus Christ right into the midst of our human opposition and alienation, our sin and the opposing forces of the universe, frees us from their bondage, and reconciles us with himself. Revelation in our actual situation can take place only as reconciliation or atonement. God was in Christ reconciling the world to himself and has given us this knowledge by the Holy Spirit. What we are therefore discussing in this chapter is the Trinity and reconciliation—the mystery of salvation in Jesus Christ. For it is not in word only but also in act that God is and comes to us.
Put succinctly, I have argued that the center of our knowledge of the triune God is in Jesus Christ the Word incarnate. Further, the whole being, life, and activity ofJesus Christ is consummated and crowned on the cross and confirmed by the resurrection and the Holy Spirit. What I now propose to expound is a trinitarian theology of cross and resurrection. This in no way queries the importance of the incarnation. Modern perspectives, however, see the focal points of Christ’s life and work more in the cross and resurrection and interpret the incarnation in that light.
The Triune God and Mission
Authors: Thompson John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It can scarcely be said that the theology of mission has been a predominant feature of modern theological writing, much less a theology based on the Trinity. There has, however, been considerable reflection more recently on the nature of mission and its place in church life and theological thinking; this is so especially since the end of colonialism and the breakdown of the Corpus Christianum. The great Edinburgh Missionary Conference of 1910 was a landmark in this respect, but it has since been seen more as the beginning of the ecumenical movement than as a stimulus to missionary work and thought. Current thinking is very varied; here we concentrate on that which relates directly or indirectly to a trinitarian basis and the implication for our understanding of the nature and goal of mission.
The Breakdown of the Child Abuse System
Authors: Costin Lela B , Karger Howard Jacob , Stoesz David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the same time that heightened public awareness has led to an increase in the number of child abuse reports, it has also put greater stress on the child welfare system. The network of public agencies concerned with protecting the rights of children is being simultaneously under- and overutilized—underutilized because tens of thousands of abused and neglected children go unreported, overutilized because a significant portion of agency time is wasted chasing unfounded reports of abuse and neglect. As a result, the child welfare system is experiencing a frustrating mismatch between the public’s expectations of what the system can accomplish and the resources it has at hand. One consequence of this situation is a loss of direction and a precipitous drop in morale among child welfare workers.