bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information content of extended trading for index futures
Authors: Cheng Louis T. W. , Jiang Li , Ng Renne W. Y. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe recent extension of trading hours for Hang Seng Index Futures provides an opportunity to examine whether extended futures trading contains useful information about spot returns. Using the weighted price contribution measure, we find that pre‐open futures trades are associated with significant price discovery. We extend the model from T. Hiraki, E. D. Maberly, and N. Takezawa (1995) and adjust for the existence of a pre‐open trading session and the overnight trading of cross‐listed shares in London. Our results indicate that extended trading for index futures contains useful information in explaining subsequent spot returns during the trading day. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:861–886, 2004
Price discovery in the hang seng index markets: Index, futures, and the tracker fund
Authors: So Raymond W. , Tse Yiuman 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn this paper, price discovery among the Hang Seng Index markets is investigated using the Hasbrouck and Gonzalo and Granger common‐factor models and the multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (M‐GARCH) model. Minute‐by‐minute data from the Hang Seng Index, Hang Seng Index futures, and the tracker fund show that the movements of the three markets are interrelated. The futures markets contain the most information, followed by the spot market. The tracker fund does not contribute to the price discovery process. The three markets exhibit spillover effects, indicating that their second moments are linked, even though the flow of information from the tracker fund to the other markets is minimal. Overall results suggest that the three markets have different degrees of information processing abilities, although they are governed by the same set of macroeconomic fundamentals. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:887–907, 2004
The components of bid‐ask spread and their determinants: TAIFEX versus SGX‐DT
Authors: Huang Yu Chuan 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis paper compares the intraday components of bid‐ask spread in Taiwan stock index futures traded on Taiwan Futures Exchange (TAIFEX) and Singapore Exchange Derivatives Trading Limited (SGX‐DT). Variables that determine the components of spread are also examined. SGX‐DT uses a floor trading system while TAIFEX uses an electronic call system. This study finds that both information asymmetry and order processing cost components exhibit U‐shaped patterns in the two markets, in contrast to previous findings for U.S. equity markets. Moreover, the information asymmetry components are lower in the TAIFEX relative to the SGX‐DT futures, suggesting that the continuous open outcry markets are more vulnerable to information asymmetry than the electronic call markets. The regression results show that volatility and information are the major determinants of the components while number of trades is not the major determinant of the order processing and information asymmetry components for both markets. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:835–860, 2004
A comparison of side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants in older depressed patients: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Wilson Kenneth , Mottram Pat 
Published: July 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relative tolerability and side effect profile of tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in older depressed people.MethodsA systematic literature search generated 37 randomised controlled trials of TCAs and SSRIs of which 11 were entered into a meta analysis comparing withdrawal rates and side effect profiles.Results537 TCA recipients and 554 SSRI recipients were compared. TCAs had an increased withdrawal rate (RR: 0.24, CI 1.04, 1.47). A similar result was found when comparing classical TCAs (451 patients) (amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin and dothiepin) with SSRIs (466 patients) (RR 1.30 CI: 1.02,1.64). These findings were reflected in the increased TCA prevalence of side effects including dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness and lethargy. No differences were found when comparing TCA related drugs (mianserin and trazadone) with SSRIs (RR 1.07 CI 0.43, 2.70).ConclusionsDespite the relative low prevalence of side effects associated with SSRIs a significant minority of older people find these drugs intolerable and experience nausea, vomiting, dizziness and drowsiness. We conclude that TCA related drugs are comparable to SSRIs in terms of tolerability and may offer an alternative when SSRIs are either contra‐indicated or clinically unacceptable. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New route to O,O‐diethyl phosphorocyanidate
Authors: Łopusiński Andrzej 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA new and efficient route for synthesis of diethyl phosphorocyanidate 7a by decomposition of diethyl phosphoryl‐1,2,4,‐dithiazolin‐5‐one is described. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:395–397, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20027
13C and 31P high resolution solid state NMR studies of cyclophosphamide and its analogues
Authors: Tadeusiak Elżbieta J. , Olejniczak Sebastian , Ciesielski Włodzimierz 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThree anticancer agents cyclophosphamide, iphosphamide, and bromophosphamide were studied using 13C and 31P SS NMR. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:388–394, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20028
Synthesis of 4‐amino‐3‐cyano‐2‐ methylsulfanyl‐1H‐[1,5]benzodiazepine, benzo[1,3]azole, and pyrazolobenzo[1,3]azole derivatives via a new utility of bis(methylsulfanyl)methylene derivatives
Authors: El‐Rady Eman A. , Khalil Mohamed A. , Abd El Latif Fawi M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractNovel polysubstituted 1,5‐benzodiazepine 5, 2,2‐bis(methylthio)benzoxazoles 8a–d, 2,2‐bis‐ (acetyl)benzoxazole 8e, 2‐(3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazolo‐ 4‐yl)benzoazole derivatives 16a–c, as well as the previously reported 2‐di[cyano(acetyl)‐methylene]benzothiazoles 7a,b have been obtained via a new utility of ketene dithioacetals 1a,b and 12 with aniline derivatives 2. Rationales for the reactions pathways are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:407–412, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20031
Effect of manipulation of iron storage, transport, or availability on myelin composition and brain iron content in three different animal models
Authors: Ortiz E. , Pasquini J.M. , Thompson K. , Felt B. , Butkus G. , Beard J. , Connor J.R. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSeveral observations suggest that iron is an essential factor in myelination and oligodendrocyte biology. However, the specific role of iron in these processes remains to be elucidated. This role could be as an essential cofactor in metabolic processes or as a transcriptional or translational regulator. In this study, we used animals models each with a unique defect in iron availability, storage, or transfer to test the hypothesis that disruptions in these mechanisms affect myelinogenesis and myelin composition. Disruption of iron availability either by limiting dietary iron or by altering iron storage capacity resulted in a decrease in myelin proteins and lipids but not the iron content of myelin. Among the integral myelin proteins, proteolipid protein was most consistently affected, suggesting that limiting iron to oligodendrocytes results not only in hypomyelination but also in a decrease in myelin compaction. Mice deficient in transferrin must receive transferrin injections beginning at birth to remain viable, and these mice had increases in all of the myelin components and in the iron content of the myelin. This finding indicates that the loss of endogenous iron mobility in oligodendrocytes could be overcome by application of exogenous transferrin. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate how myelin composition can be affected by loss of iron homeostasis and reveal specific chronic changes in myelin composition that may affect behavior and attempts to rescue myelin deficits. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raman and infrared spectral studies of DL‐threoninium dihydrogenphosphate
Authors: Ravikumar B. , Ramaswamy S. , Mohamed Ali Jinnah M. , Rajaram R.K. , Ramakrishnan V. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractInfrared and Raman spectra of DL‐threoninium dihydrogenphosphate crystal were recorded at room temperature and vibrational assignments of the observed wavenumbers were made. The extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the crystal was identified by the shifting of bands due to the stretching and bending modes of the various functional groups. The Td symmetry of the phosphate anion is reduced to the lower symmetry C2v owing to the intermolecular hydrogen bonding and coordination. The splitting of degenerate modes and the appearance of infrared‐inactive modes indicate the effect of the crystalline field on molecular vibrations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On‐line course design and delivery: cross‐national considerations
Authors: Mercado Simon , Parboteeah K. Praveen , Zhao Yushan 
Published: July 2004

Abstract

As more universities provide on‐line education to an increasingly international audience, there is a need to adapt these on‐line programmes to satisfy cross‐cultural needs.

This paper emphasizes on‐line course delivery and suggests possible cultural adaptations based on Hofstede's (2001) popular cultural dimensions.

In terms of on‐line design, it is proposed here that more formal and hierarchical imagery such as logos and leaders for high power distance web sites is used, and more artistic and aesthetic designs for feminine societies and more operational freedom for high individualist countries.

With respect to facilitative information, it is recommended that as much precise instructions and detailed guidance on assignments and strict timetables be provided for students in high uncertainty avoidance countries.

It is recommended that group assignments are carefully designed to stress equity, for example individual goals, in more individualist societies while emphasizing equality, such as equal grades, in more collectivist societies.

Finally, we suggest that on‐line instructors provide more definitive and assertive feedback in high power distance societies.

Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction and virtual learning
Authors: Hay Amanda , Hodgkinson Myra , Peltier James W. , Drago William A. 
Published: July 2004

Abstract

The meteoric growth in on‐line education has focused attention on virtual learning communities.

Critics suggest that the on‐line learner suffers isolation resulting from diminished interaction with others and thus question the quality of the on‐line educational experience.

A case study is presented of an American MBA programme at the University of Wisconsin‐Whitewater that compares interactions in on‐line and traditional learning communities.

Evidence is presented which suggests that on‐line students score higher on measures of interaction than traditional students. Furthermore, interaction is important in predicting effectiveness of courses regardless of mode of delivery. This suggests that interaction can occur in on‐line courses and is important in designing such offerings.

Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and HPLC applications of rigid macroporous organic polymer monoliths
Authors: Svec Frantisek 
Published: July 2004

AbstractRigid porous polymer monoliths are a new class of materials that emerged in the early 1990s. These monolithic materials are typically prepared using a simple molding process carried out within the confines of a closed mold. For example, polymerization of a mixture comprising monomers, free‐radical initiator, and porogenic solvent affords macroporous materials with large through‐pores that enable applications in a rapid flow‐through mode. The versatility of the preparation technique is demonstrated by its use with hydrophobic, hydrophilic, ionizable, and zwitterionic monomers. Several system variables can be used to control the porous properties of the monolith over a broad range and to mediate the hydrodynamic properties of the monolithic devices. A variety of methods such as direct copolymerization of functional monomers, chemical modification of reactive groups, and grafting of pore surface with selected polymer chains is available for the control of surface chemistry. Since all the mobile phase must flow through the monolith, the convection considerably accelerates mass transport within the molded material, and the monolithic devices perform well, even at very high flow rates. The applications of polymeric monolithic materials are demonstrated mostly on the separations in the HPLC mode, although CEC, gas chromatography, enzyme immobilization, molecular recognition, advanced detection systems, and microfluidic devices are also mentioned.
Molecularly imprinted polymers: A new tool for separation of steroid isomers
Authors: Szumski Michał , Buszewski Bogusław 
Published: July 2004

AbstractMolecularly imprinted polymers hold great promise for the separation of chiral compounds. A non‐covalent approach to the synthesis of MIPs relies on the presence of specific and non‐specific interactions, which lead to the formation of a molecular imprint. The structural differences between 17‐α‐estradiol and 17‐β‐estradiol are too small to permit their efficient separation on a MIP prepared with β‐estradiol as a template. Molecular modeling revealed the presence of only one hydrogen bond that differentiates the two isomers.
Monoliths for fast bioseparation and bioconversion and their applications in biotechnology
Authors: Jungbauer Alois , Hahn Rainer 
Published: July 2004

AbstractMonoliths have consolidated their position in bioseparation. More than 200 different applications have been reported in the past two decades and their advantages compared to conventional chromatography demonstrated. These include the high mass transfer efficiency due to the convective flow enabled by the macroporous character of the matrix. Recently plasmid DNA and viruses were separated with high efficiency and cryogels and monolithic superporous agarose were developed for capture of proteins from crude homogenates and separation of microorganisms or lymphocytes. Currently four companies manufacture monoliths mainly for analytical applications although monoliths with a volume of 0.8 liter are commercially available and 8 L are available as prototypes. A book entitled “Monolithic materials: preparation, properties and applications” was published in 2003 [1] and became standard reference of the status of this area. This review focuses on the progress in monoliths that goes beyond the scope of this reference book. Less progress has been made in the field of bioconversions in spite of the fact that monolithic supports exhibit better performance than beads in enzymatic processing of macromolecules. It appears that the scientific community has not yet realized that supports for these applications are readily available. In addition, monoliths will further substantially advance bioseparations of both small and large molecules in the future.
Applications of silica‐based monolithic HPLC columns
Authors: Cabrera Karin 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe recent invention and successive commercial introduction of monolithic silica columns has motivated many scientists from both academia and industry to study their use in HPLC. The first paper on monolithic silica columns appeared in 1996. Currently about 200 papers have been published relating to applications and characterization of monolithic silica columns, including monolithic capillaries. This review attempts to give an overview covering various aspects of this new column type in the field of high throughput analysis of drugs and metabolites, chiral separations, analysis of pollutants and food‐relevant compounds, as well as in bioanalytical separations such as in proteomics. Some of the applications are described in greater detail. The numerous publications dealing with the physicochemical and chromatographic characterization of monolithic silica columns are briefly summarized.
Characterization of polyacrylamide based monolithic columns
Authors: Plieva Fatima M. , Andersson Jonatan , Galaev Igor Yu. , Mattiasson Bo 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSupermacroporous monolithic polyacrylamide (pAAm)‐based columns have been prepared by radical cryo‐copolymerization (copolymerization in the moderately frozen system) of acrylamide with functional co‐monomer, allyl glycidyl ether (AGE), and cross‐linker N,N ´‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide (MBAAm) directly in glass columns (ID 10 mm). The monolithic columns have uniform supermacroporous sponge‐like structure with interconnected supermacropores of pore size 5–100 μm. The monoliths can be dried and stored in the dry state. High mechanical stability of the monoliths allowed sterilization by autoclaving. Column‐to‐column reproducibility of pAAm‐monoliths was demonstrated on 5 monolithic columns from different batches prepared under the same cryostructuration conditions.
Development of transgenic mice that inducibly express an active form of c‐Src in the epidermis
Authors: Matsumoto Takashi , Kiguchi Kaoru , Jiang Jianghong , Carbajal Steve , Ruffino Lynnsie , Beltrán Linda , Wang Xiao‐Jing , Roop Dennis R. , DiGiovanni John 
Published: July 2004

AbstractRecent work from our laboratory has shown that elevated src kinase activity enhances tumor promotion, malignant progression, and metastasis during multistage skin carcinogenesis. In this study, we have generated “gene‐switch” src530 transgenic mice to further analyze the role of this nonreceptor tyrosine kinase in multistage carcinogenesis. Target transgenic mice that have an activated form of the human c‐src (src530) gene fused with GAL4 binding sites upstream of the thymidine kinase (TK) promoter were generated. Two lines of epidermis‐specific transactivator mice were used that targeted the expression of GLVPc or GLp65 transactivators, fusion molecules containing a truncated progesterone receptor with a GAl4‐DNA binding domain, with either a mouse loricrin (ML) or human keratin 14 (HK14) promoter, respectively. The transactivator mice (ML.GLVPc or HK14.GLp65) and the target mice (TK.src530) were mated to generate bitransgenic mice, and src530 transgene expression was induced by topical application of RU486 (mifepristone, a progesterone receptor antagonist). In both ML.GLVPc/TK.src530 and HK14.GLp65/TK.src530 bitransgenic mice, histological analysis revealed that only the bitransgenic mice had marked epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis after treatment with RU486. Neither the nontransgenic mice nor the mice hemizygous for either the transactivator transgene or the target transgene alone showed any response to treatment with RU486. In addition, no differences were observed in the skin of the bitransgenic mice versus nontransgenic littermates without treatment of RU486. Interestingly, in HK14.GLp65/TK.src530 bitransgenic mice, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) arose along the periphery of the area of the punch biopsies in 25% of the bitransgenic mice several weeks after taking the biopsy and subsequent to RU486 treatment. Collectively, the data support a role of c‐src activation in epidermal hyperproliferation. Furthermore, the data support the conclusion that src activation can substitute for an initiating event in the presence of a tumor promoting stimulus (i.e., wounding). Finally, inducible src530 transgenic mice provide a new tool for dissecting the role of src activation in multistage carcinogenesis by allowing temporal control of the expression of this oncogene. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Violence in the Atacama Desert during the Tiwanaku period: social tension?
Authors: Lessa A. , Mendonça de Souza S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTiwanaku influence significantly affected the lifestyle of the prehistoric peoples of the Atacama Desert as it represented an important period of social and economic change. Such intense changes as social stratification and new religious and ideological influences have always been characterized as peaceful ones. Palaeopathological studies based on the violence‐induced traumatic lesions of 64 well‐preserved human skeletons from an excavated funerary site named Solcor‐3 have facilitated a comparison between Pre‐Tiwanaku and Tiwanaku periods. Results show an increase in violence between males represented by low‐intensity skull traumas, arrow wounds and a high mortality rate between 20 and 30 years of age during the Tiwanaku period. The interpretation of this data is contrary to the model of peaceful acceptance of the changes that followed the Tiwanaku influence into the Atacama. At least for Solcor‐3, economic and political factors should be re‐considered in order to explain the emergence of social tension during the Tiwanaku period. In the future, more detailed studies will probably help to clarify if conflicts had also extended to other sites in San Pedro de Atacama under Tiwanaku influence. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonality only works in certain parts of the year: the reconstruction of fishing seasons through otolith analysis
Authors: van Neer W. , Ervynck A. , Bolle L. J. , Millner R. S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSeasonality estimations using incremental data usually suffer from small sample sizes and from the lack of comparison with sufficiently large modern samples. The present contribution reports on incremental studies carried out on large assemblages of plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) from a late medieval fishing village (Raversijde, Belgium) on the North Sea coast. In an attempt to refine previous seasonality estimates made for this site, and to expand conclusions concerning general methodology, extensive monthly samples of modern otoliths of these species, caught within the North Sea, have also been investigated. The modern material shows that the timing of the seasonal changes in the edge type (hyaline or opaque) of the otoliths is extremely variable and that it is dependent on the fishing ground, the year considered, and the age of the fish. It also appears that the increase of the marginal increment thickness is highly variable, to such an extent that the thickness of the last increment of a single otolith is mostly useless for seasonality estimation. Where large archaeological otolith assemblages can be studied, preferably from single depositional events, seasonality determination becomes possible on the condition, however, that the archaeological assemblage corresponds to fish that were captured during their period of fast growth. The growth ring study on the otoliths from Raversijde shows that plaice fishing took place in spring and that it was preceded by a haddock fishing season, probably in late winter/early spring. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.