bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of preoperative frailty with the risk of postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Feng Chunyu , Wu Haotian , Qi Ziheng , Wei Yuzhi , Yang Bo , Yin Haolin , Yan Siyi , Wang Lu , Yu Yangyang , Xie Juanjuan , Xing Xueyan , Tu Shumin , Zhang Huan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to explore the correlation between preoperative frailty and the risk of postoperative delirium (POD) in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.

Methods
In total, 148 patients with hip fractures who were admitted to Tsinghua Changgung Hospital (Beijing, China) between January 2022 and January 2023 were involved in this study. Preoperative frailty scales were assessed, of which the CAM scale was postoperatively administered every morning and evening on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between preoperative frailty and the risk of POD.

Results
Among 148 older patients with hip fractures, 71 (48.0%) were identified as preoperative frail and 77 (52.0%) as non-frail. The overall incidence of POD on day 7 was 24.3% (36/148), and preoperative frailty was associated with a significantly higher risk of POD compared with non-frailty (42.3% vs. 7.8%, P < 0.001). The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative frailty was noted as an independent risk factor for the risk of POD in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery (P = 0.002).

Conclusion
Preoperative frailty increased the risk of POD in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.

Discussion
Preoperative assessment of frailty in geriatric hip surgery can timely identify potential risks and provide interventions targeting frailty factors to reduce the incidence of POD in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. The findings suggested that preoperative frailty could increase the risk of POD in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Further research is necessary to determine whether perioperative interventions aimed at enhancing frailty can mitigate the risk of POD and improve prognosis in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.
Approccio all’obesità ipotalamica: presente e futuro
Authors: Mao Federico , Sciacovelli Cristina , Garelli Silvia , Pagotto Uberto 
Published: January 2024

SommarioCon obesità ipotalamica (HO) si intende un eterogeneo gruppo di rare condizioni cliniche, genetiche o acquisite, accomunate dall’aumento di massa adiposa associato ad alterazioni dei centri ipotalamici deputati al controllo del bilancio energetico. L’HO può insorgere in età pediatrica o durante la vita adulta a seconda dell’eziologia e si correla ad aumentate morbilità e mortalità. L’HO si associa spesso, anche se non sempre, a iperfagia, alterazioni del ciclo sonno-veglia e del visus, riduzione della spesa energetica globale legata a riduzione dell’attività motoria e a intensa astenia. Il controllo terapeutico è spesso molto impegnativo. In questa rassegna vengono proposte le principali cause di HO e, soprattutto, le opzioni terapeutiche che potrebbero nel prossimo futuro migliorare l’impegnativa gestione dei pazienti affetti da questa temibile forma di obesità.
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in Stainless Steel by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An Overview
Authors: Maji Koena , Lavanya M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe loss of materials due to corrosion is inevitable and has gained significant attention at various stages in the process industries, including petroleum, food processing units, and tanneries. With significant detrimental effects occurring as a result of microbial activity, the research on microbial corrosion and methods to keep them under control has become essential. About 10% of the corrosion affliction to metals and non-metals is due to microbial activity. The Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is a consequence of the contact, which are synergetic between bacteria and metals. A typical marine electroactive bacterium shown to produce severe MIC is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the maritime environment, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacteria that is extremely corrosive to stainless steel. However, little is known about how P. aeruginosa causes corrosion on stainless steel. Stainless steel is a beneficial material that has been employed in various applications due to its corrosion-resistant properties and mechanical strength. The property of stainless steel to strongly resist corrosion is owed to the presence of chromium in its composition. The chromium forms a passive film of chromium-rich oxide in aerobic conditions at low temperatures, which protects it from the surroundings. This layer can be harmed by harsh weather conditions. The microbial activity and their existence can modify the inorganic passive layers, raising their dissolution levels and detaching them from the surface of the metal. The review aims to study steel corrosion as a result of microbial activity. The explicated methodologies are more significant within the broader context of metal–microbe interactions.
Numerical simulation of stress field reorientation in multi-fractures
Authors: Deng Yan , Mu Shuxing , Liu Yuxuan , Mu Na , Guo Jianchun , Zeng Jie , Yu Hao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the stress state caused by a subsequent failure is crucial for successful refracturing. However, there are many differences between the stress reorientation phenomena of a multi-fracture horizontal well and that of a single fracture in a vertical well, including the interaction of multi-fractures. These factors can lead to a change in the stress field of multiple fractures, which is more complex than that of a single fracture. In this paper, based on the elastic theory of porous media and the mechanism of fluid–structure interaction, a finite element numerical model of multi-fracture stress fields is established. The net pressure loaded on the fracture wall was corrected using the fracture line model, which was solved using the separated coupling method with a staggered strategy, and a full coupling simulation of fluid flow and rock deformation was achieved. The results showed that with an increase in production time, the stress reorientation area around the fracture and at both ends first increased at a faster rate, then slowly decreased, and finally disappeared,indicating an optimal refracturing time window. This suggests that the greater the number of fractures, the greater the fracture inclination and fracture bending degree, and the more unfavorable it is for the formation and maintenance of the stress reorientation area near the fracture and at both ends of the fracture. The reorientation of the stress field between horizontal wells may lead to the fracture of the infill wells, causing bending and propagation towards the pressure-depletion area, thus reducing productivity.
Effect of temperature on post-yield behavior of PVC foams
Authors: Vedire Anudeep Reddy , Hoo Fatt Michelle S. , Pakala Akshay Kumar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExperiments were conducted on Divinycell HCP30 foam to develop equations predicting its elastic and post-yield behavior from − 40 to + 60 °C. In these experiments, the foam was subjected to post-yield cyclic tension, compression and shear and monotonic biaxial tension and compression loading in the environmental chamber of an MTS servo-hydraulic machine. Elastic modulus and yield strength of the foam were found to decrease linearly with increasing temperature and could be expressed by a single equation in terms of room temperature properties. Post-yield behavior involved plasticity, viscoelasticity, and damage. An elastic–plastic viscoelastic damage model was used to predict post-yield behavior of the foam at different temperatures. Temperature dependent plastic hardening and viscoelastic damage functions were extracted from the experimental results and used to simulate elastic and post-yield stress–strain behavior in ABAQUS Explicit using a user-defined material subroutine. The ABAQUS user-defined material was validated with experiments on Divinycell HCP30 foam sheets at various temperatures. Good comparisons were found between ABAQUS and experimental results.
Remark on the Concentration Phenomenon for the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations with a Repulsive Potential
Authors: Qing Jun , Liu Jing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study the blow-up solutions for the

$$L^2$$

L
2

-supercritical nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a repulsive harmonic potential. In terms of the new sharp Gagliardo–Nirenberg inequality proposed by Weinstein (Commun PDE 11:545–565, 1986), we obtain the

$${\dot{H}}^{s_c}$$

H
˙

s
c

-concentration phenomenon of blow-up solutions for this

$$L^2$$

L
2

-supercritical nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the space dimension

$$N=2,3,4$$

N
=
2
,
3
,
4

.
A comprehensive literature scoping review of infection prevention and control methods for viral-mediated gene therapies
Authors: Blind Jill E. , Ghosh Sumit , Niese Taylor D. , Gardner Julia C. , Stack-Simone Stephanie , Dean Abigail , Washam Matthew 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This comprehensive literature scoping review outlines available infection prevention and control (IPC) methods for viral-mediated gene therapies and provides one IPC strategy for the healthcare setting based on a single-center recommendation.

Methods:
A team of experts in pharmacy, healthcare epidemiology, and biosafety with experience in viral-mediated gene therapy was assembled within a pediatric hospital to conduct a comprehensive literature scoping review. The comprehensive review included abstracts and full-text articles published since 2009 and utilized prespecified search terms of the five viral vectors of interest: adenovirus (AV), retrovirus (RV), adeno-associated virus (AAV), lentivirus (LV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV). Case reports, randomized controlled trials, and bench research studies were all included, while systematic reviews were excluded.

Results:
A total of 4473 case reports, randomized control trials, and benchtop research studies were identified using the defined search criteria. Chlorine compounds were found to inactivate AAV and AV, while alcohol-based disinfectants were ineffective. There was a relative paucity of studies investigating surface-based disinfection for HSV, however, alcohol-based disinfectants were effective in one study. Ultraviolent irradiation was also found to inactivate HSV in numerous studies. No studies investigated disinfection for LV and RV vectors.

Conclusions:
The need to define IPC methods is high due to the rapid emergence of viral-mediated gene therapies to treat rare diseases, but published clinical guidance remains scarce. In the absence of these data, our center recommends a 1:10 sodium hypochlorite solution in clinical and academic environments to ensure complete germicidal activity of viral-mediated gene therapies.
Hunter–Gatherer children's close-proximity networks: Similarities and differences with cooperative and communal breeding systems
Authors: Chaudhary Nikhil , Page Abigail E. , Salali Gul Deniz , Dyble Mark , Major-Smith Daniel , Migliano Andrea B. , Vinicius Lucio , Thompson James , Viguier Sylvain 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Among vertebrates, allomothering (non-maternal care) is classified as cooperative breeding (help from sexually mature non-breeders, usually close relatives) or communal breeding (shared care between multiple breeders who are not necessarily related). Humans have been described with both labels, most frequently as cooperative breeders. However, few studies have quantified the relative contributions of allomothers according to whether they are (a) sexually mature and reproductively active and (b) related or unrelated. We constructed close-proximity networks of Agta and BaYaka hunter–gatherers. We used portable remote-sensing devices to quantify the proportion of time children under the age of 4 spent in close proximity to different categories of potential allomother. Both related and unrelated, and reproductively active and inactive, campmates had substantial involvement in children's close-proximity networks. Unrelated campmates, siblings and subadults were the most involved in both populations, whereas the involvement of fathers and grandmothers was the most variable between the two populations. Finally, the involvement of sexually mature, reproductively inactive adults was low. Where possible, we compared our findings with studies of other hunter–gatherer societies, and observed numerous consistent trends. Based on our results we discuss why hunter–gatherer allomothering cannot be fully characterised as cooperative or communal breeding.
The Effects of Decision Fatigue on Judicial Behavior: A Study of Arkansas Traffic Court Outcomes
Authors: Hemrajani Rahul , Hobert Tony 
Published: January 2024

AbstractJudges who hear multiple cases a day may become exhausted by the time later cases are heard, increasing susceptibility to cognitive depletion, yet the role of workload fatigue in decision-making from hearing cases has rarely been tested in the U.S. One problem is the lack of public data—most U.S. courts do not maintain time-stamped records of case hearings. Using an original dataset of all traffic cases heard in Pulaski County, Arkansas in 2019 and 2020, we examine whether decision fatigue affects case outcomes. We find that charges are less likely to be dismissed in arraignment hearings at the end of a court session than in those at the beginning. This pattern, however, does not hold for trial hearings, suggesting that the effects of fatigue may be context-specific. We suggest policy recommendations to mitigate the effects of decision fatigue in lower courts—courts having the most contact with citizens.
Catholic Social Teaching Reframed: One Fruit of a Culture of Encounter
Authors: Rowe Gareth L. M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCatholic social thought and teaching is sometimes conceptualised using an historical or principles-based approach. This paper proposes an alternative framing, construing Catholic social teaching (CST) as a multi-layered phenomenon that can be grouped into three broad tiers, each with a distinctive role. This framing is not intended to supercede the others, nor is it inconsistent with them. The proposal emerges out of a series of discussions hosted by the Catholic Agency for Overseas Development, a Catholic UK-based development agency, member of Caritas Internationalis, and an official agency of the Bishops’ Conference of England and Wales. The paper operates on two levels simultaneously: it attempts a distinctive reframing of CST using a distinctive source, and it attempts an enactment of CST methodologically and structurally. Construing CST as a multi-layered phenomenon that can be grouped into three broad tiers provides a clarity that empowers us in two ways. First, it clarifies the distinctive role of CST at each level. Second, it makes clear that CST is a work of the Spirit rather than a human phenomenon. Such an understanding of CST brings out with particular clarity a vision of the role, purpose, and even the agency of Catholic social thought in relation to a troubled world.
Trait sensitivity to stress and cognitive bias processes in fish: A brief overview
Authors: Buenhombre Jhon , Daza-Cardona Erika Alexandra , Mota-Rojas Daniel , Domínguez-Oliva Adriana , Rivera Astrid , Medrano-Galarza Catalina , de Tarso Paulo , Cajiao-Pachón María Nelly , Vargas Francisco , Pedraza-Toscano Adriana , Sousa Pêssi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Like other animals, fish have unique personalities that can affect their cognition and responses to environmental stressors. These individual personality differences are often referred to as “behavioural syndromes” or “stress coping styles” and can include personality traits such as boldness, shyness, aggression, exploration, locomotor activity, and sociability. For example, bolder or proactive fish may be more likely to take risks and present lower hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal/interrenal axis reactivity as compared to shy or reactive individuals. Likewise, learning and memory differ between fish personalities. Reactive or shy individuals tend to have faster learning and better association recall with aversive stimuli, while proactive or bold individuals tend to learn more quickly when presented with appetitive incentives. However, the influence of personality on cognitive processes other than cognitive achievement in fish has been scarcely explored. Cognitive bias tests have been employed to investigate the interplay between emotion and cognition in both humans and animals. Fish present cognitive bias processes (CBP) in which fish’s interpretation of stimuli could be influenced by its current emotional state and open to environmental modulation. However, no study in fish has explored whether CBP, like in other species, can be interpreted as long-lasting traits and whether other individual characteristics may explain its variation. We hold the perspective that CBP could serve as a vulnerability factor for the onset, persistence, and recurrence of stress-related disorders. Therefore, studying fish’s CBP as a state or trait and its interactions with individual variations may be valuable in future efforts to enhance our understanding of anxiety and stress neurobiology in animal models and humans.
Threatened or poorly known? The case of the Mediterranean narrow endemic Valeriana amazonum in Sardinia
Authors: Fenu Giuseppe , Calderisi Giulia , Cogoni Donatella 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Mediterranean flora is characterized by a high number of narrow endemic plant species that are often restricted to a few small populations. One of these species, Valeriana amazonum, a perennial plant occurring only in the Supramontes region of central eastern Sardinia, is categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List because of its restricted range, small population size and an inferred decline caused by several threats. During 2007–2022, we monitored all mature individuals of this plant annually and surveyed ecologically suitable sites for the species. We identified two previously unknown populations and also learnt of two successful translocations carried out independently by an unknown local citizen. As our monitoring data indicate there has been no decline in the number of mature individuals over the period of monitoring, the species’ conservation status requires reassessment. We recommend that V. amazonum should be recategorized as Near Threatened as it seems to be poorly known rather than highly threatened. This could also be the case with other narrow Mediterranean endemics, especially those that grow in inaccessible habitats for which long-term studies are needed to assess conservation status.
Family History of Twinning and Fertility Traits in Nigerian Mothers of Dizygotic Twins
Authors: Hur Yoon-Mi , Martin Nick , Oginni Olakunle , Boomsma Dorret , Hubers Nikki , Mbarek Hamdi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFamilial twinning and fertility traits were investigated in Nigerian mothers of dizygotic (DZ) twins (MoDZT; N = 972) and controls (N = 525) who responded to our person-to-person interview, which included questions on pregnancy history and family history of DZ twinning. Controls were defined as women who are not twins themselves and do not have twins in their first-degree relatives. Over 95% of the participants were Yoruba. We found that Nigerian MoDZT had an average of 4.0 (±2.6) pairs of twins among their relatives, and of these, the prevalence of DZ twins was significantly higher than that of monozygotic (MZ) twins (45.9% vs. 25.8%). Controls had an average of 0.5 (±0.4) pairs, and over 95% of the controls had no twins in their relatives. These results suggest genetic influences on DZ twinning in Nigerians. MoDZT were significantly younger in their mean age at first child, and had higher parity than controls, suggesting increased fertility in MoDZT. As compared to mothers with a single set of twins, mothers (N = 130) with multiple sets had significantly more twins among their relatives (5.4 pairs vs. 3.7 pairs) and had their first twins at a younger age (28.4 vs. 30.7 years), indicating that mothers with multiple sets of twins might have higher genetic propensity for twinning associated with earlier age at twin pregnancy. Our findings argue for genomewide association studies for DZ twinning in Nigerians, and may help to develop intervention strategies to overcome infertility/subfertility problems.
Deep Structure of the Santos Basin, Offshore Brazil From 3D Inversion of magnetotelluric Data
Authors: Benevides A. S. , Meju M. A. , Fontes S. L. , Maurya V. P. , Meqbel N. M. , Ribeiro P. L. , La Terra E. F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe relationship between deep crustal structure and the deformation in the overlying sedimentary wedge in Santos basin, Brazil is not well understood, and the origin and evolution of the salt‐related “Albian Gap (AG)” remain a topic of debate. We investigate the deep structure using three‐dimensional inversion of full tensor marine magnetotelluric (MT) data (of 10−1 to 104 s period bandwidth) from 92 stations along three NW–SE lines in 50–1,700 m water depth, one crossing the Cretaceous hinge line (CHL), AG, and Cabo Frio Fault (CFF). The geological validity of the resulting MT resistivity models was determined using resistivity logs from 11 wells and seismic data. The model shows two regionally persistent electrically conductive layers (C2 and C3) related to key Cenozoic and Cretaceous unconformities in the upper part of the sedimentary wedge. Beneath this wedge, the resistive continental crust is ∼35 km thick across the CHL until the 200 m isobath and thereafter thins rapidly seaward to ∼21 km over a lateral distance of ∼80 km defining a domain of highly extended and faulted crust. Our models show a mantle‐associated basement high and evidence of significant uplift of the lower part of the sedimentary wedge at 100–150 km distance along our central profile which spatially coincides with the AG and a previously proposed Moho high. This implies a mantle‐driven deformation of the crust and basin fill. We propose that mantle flow and magmatism may have played a significant role in the inferred displacement at the AG.