bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbulent Flow Structure in a Symmetric Compound Channel With Flexible Emergent Vegetation Over Floodplains
Authors: Rathod Laxman V. , Timbadiya P. V. , Barman Bandita 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAn experimental study was conducted to investigate the influence of emergent flexible floodplain (FP) vegetation on the turbulent flow structure in a symmetric compound channel. The foliage patterns of the artificial flexible vegetation used in our experimental sets were as follows: no vegetation, homogeneous grass and shrubs and a heterogeneous mixture of grass and shrubs arranged in a staggered pattern. An analysis of the velocity data revealed an observable decrease in velocity across the FP owing to the presence of vegetation and a significant increase in the mean streamwise velocity in the middle of the main channel (MC). The effect was higher in the case of heterogeneous vegetation. This indicates that a heterogeneous mixture of grass and shrubs provides a higher resistance than homogeneous grass or shrubs separately. It enhances the lateral momentum transfer owing to the fast‐moving MC flow and low‐velocity FP flow. The turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and Reynolds shear stress (RSS) were higher in the vegetative MC than in the non‐vegetative channel. In contrast, these were lower in the vegetative FP than in the non‐vegetative FP. An octant analysis showed a decrease in ejection events in both FP and MC and an increase in sweep events in the MC owing to FP vegetation. The reduction in ejection events contributed to the breakdown of vortices and reduced turbulence. Meanwhile, the increase in sweep events enhanced the sediment entrainment. These results indicate that heterogeneous FP vegetation significantly affects the flow dynamics and turbulent parameters in a compound channel.
State of precision medicine for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in a new therapeutic age
Authors: Rasalam Roy , Sindone Andrew , Deed Gary , Audehm Ralph G. , Atherton John J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is defined by heart failure (HF) with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of at least 50%. HFpEF has a complex and heterogeneous pathophysiology with multiple co‐morbidities contributing to its presentation. Establishing the diagnosis of HFpEF can be challenging. Two algorithms, the ‘Heavy, 2 or more Hypertensive drugs, atrial Fibrillation, Pulmonary hypertension, Elderly age >60, elevated Filling pressures’ (H2FPEF) and the ‘Heart Failure Association Pre‐test assessment, Echocardiography and natriuretic peptide, Functional testing, Final aetiology’ (HFA‐PEFF), can help to determine the likelihood of HFpEF in individuals with symptoms of HF. Phenotype clusters defined largely by the total number and types of co‐morbidities may delineate groups of patients with HFpEF with different management needs. It is important to recognize alternative diagnoses or HFpEF mimics such as infiltrative cardiomyopathies, coronary artery disease, lung disease, anxiety, depression, anaemia, severe obesity, and physical deconditioning, among others. Treatment with sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (dapagliflozin and empagliflozin) is recommended for all patients with HFpEF unless contraindicated. Future research should consider alternative approaches to guide the initial diagnosis and treatment of HFpEF, including phenotype clustering models and artificial intelligence, and consider whether LVEF is the most useful distinguishing feature for categorizing HF. Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating novel pharmacological and device‐based approaches to address the pathophysiological consequences of HFpEF.
Guaiacylglycerol as an Intermediate in Vanillin Production during Oxidative Conversion of Guaiacyl Lignin under Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Hayashi Takuya , Ishikawa Ayami , Hosoya Takashi , Miyafuji Hisashi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDepolymerizing lignin into hydroxybenzaldehydes like vanillin via oxidative degradation is a promising approach for lignin valorization. Alkaline nitrobenzene (AN) oxidation is a highly selective method for oxidative lignin conversion and serves as a benchmark in lignin chemistry, yet its reaction mechanisms are not fully understood. Previously, we proposed a pathway converting a phenolic β‐O‐4 model compound, erythro‐guaiacylglycerol‐β‐guaiacyl ether (GG), into vanillin through enol ether intermediates, E/Z‐2‐methoxy‐4‐[2‐(2‐methoxyphenoxy)‐ethenyl]‐phenol EE. This study extends that work by exploring alternative AN oxidation pathways of GG that bypass EE. Through experiments assessing the impact of OH− concentration and studying deuterium incorporation at the α‐position of vanillin produced from both GG and isolated EE in NaOD/D₂O, we identified guaiacylglycerol (GGL) as a new intermediate in a distinct pathway. GGL forms via β‐ether cleavage of a dianion arising from dual deprotonation of GG′s phenolic and α‐OH groups, a process favored under high OH− concentrations conducive to dianion formation. Subsequent oxidation of GGL yields vanillin, with significant exchange of the α‐hydrogen with solvent molecules. This study elucidates the complex mechanisms of AN oxidation and introduces novel intermediates and pathways, enhancing strategies for efficient lignin conversion into valuable chemicals.
Synthesis of Indole‐Fused Chromane‐Based Spirooxindoles via Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Regioselective [5+1] Annulation
Authors: Ye Le‐Hua , Cheng Xiao , Zhu Zi‐Qi , Shi Feng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA regioselective [5+1] annulation of 2‐(1H‐indol‐2‐yl)phenols with isatins was established by the catalysis of Brønsted acid. Through this strategy, indole‐fused chromane‐based spirooxindoles bearing a quaternary carbon center were synthesized in moderate to good yields (53 % to 99 %) with excellent regioselectivities. Mechanism study demonstrated the importance of hydrogen‐bonding interaction between the N−H group of the substrates and the acid catalyst. Moreover, an indolylmethanol‐type intermediate was possibly generated after the first nucleophilic addition of indole C3‐position to isatins during the reaction process. This transformation not only provided a good example for using 2‐(1H‐indol‐2‐yl)phenols as 1,5‐C/O‐dinucleophiles in [5+1] annulations under acidic environment, but also achieved the first construction of indole‐fused chromane‐based spirooxindole frameworks.
Circulating Tumor HPV‐DNA in the Management of HPV‐Positive Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chen Allen M. , Tjoa Tjoson , Armstrong William B. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeBlood‐borne, cell‐free DNA has been proposed as a means of individualizing the management of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive oropharyngeal carcinoma.Methods and MaterialsThis study was designed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Protocols (PRISMA‐P) statement. A comprehensive literature search of peer‐reviewed publications from January 2013 to January 2024 was undertaken to identify prospective studies pertaining to the use of circulating HPV‐DNA for oropharyngeal carcinoma.ResultsA total of 11 prospective studies were identified and differed in their clinical design, methods, and endpoints. Five included patients treated by chemoradiation; 3 by surgery; 2 by both; and 1 not specified. The timing and frequency of HPV‐DNA draws was highly variable. The sample size ranged from 16 to 262 (mean, 99 patients).ConclusionsWhile interest is growing with integrating circulating HPV‐DNA into clinical practice, the supporting evidence is limited by the heterogeneity of the evidence.
Nuances in the Treatment of Ewing Sarcoma of the Head and Neck in a Low–Middle‐Income Country Setting: A Multi‐Disciplinary Approach
Authors: Sasi Archana , Ganguly Shuvadeep , Thakar Alok , Sikka Kapil , Agarwala Sandeep , Pushpam Deepam , Kumar Akash , Biswas Bivas , Meel Rachna , Biswas Ahitagni , Barwad Adarsh , Mridha Asit Ranjan , Bakhshi Sameer 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundEwing sarcoma of the head and neck (ES‐HN) is a rare subsite of ES, where therapeutic outcomes need to be explored further.MethodsThis retrospective study includes ES‐HN patients registered at our center between 2003 and 2019. Demographic details and treatment outcomes were recorded from the hospital database. Prognostic factors for survival were identified by Cox regression.ResultsEighty‐five patients were included. Metastatic disease was seen in nine patients (10.59%). Local therapy included radiotherapy alone (n = 38; 44.7%), surgery plus radiotherapy (n = 15; 17.6%), or surgery alone (n = 8; 9.4%). The median overall survival (OS) was 37.4 months. On multivariable analysis, osseous primary (HR 0.40; p = 0.009) and male sex (HR 0.43; p = 0.023) were associated with superior OS. Leucocytosis (HR 3.46; p = 0.001) was associated with inferior OS.ConclusionsES‐HN has favorable biology with metastases being rare at baseline. However, leucocytosis, extra‐osseous disease, and female sex are poor prognostic factors. In resource‐challenged settings, difficulties in administering local therapy may contribute to inferior outcomes.
Some Challenges of Diffused Interfaces in Implicit‐Solvent Models
Authors: Guerrero‐Montero Mauricio , Bosy Michał , Cooper Christopher D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe standard Poisson‐Boltzmann (PB) model for molecular electrostatics assumes a sharp variation of the permittivity and salt concentration along the solute‐solvent interface. The discontinuous field parameters are not only difficult numerically, but also are not a realistic physical picture, as it forces the dielectric constant and ionic strength of bulk in the near‐solute region. An alternative to alleviate some of these issues is to represent the molecular surface as a diffuse interface, however, this also presents challenges. In this work we analyzed the impact of the shape of the interfacial variation of the field parameters in solvation and binding energy. However we used a hyperbolic tangent function to couple the internal and external regions, our analysis is valid for other definitions. Our methodology, restricted to the linear PB, was based on a coupled finite element (FEM) and boundary element (BEM) scheme that allowed us to have a special treatment of the permittivity and ionic strength in a bounded FEM region near the interface, while maintaining BEM elsewhere. Our results suggest that the shape of the function (represented by ) has a large impact on solvation and binding energy. We saw that high values of induce a high gradient on the interface, to the limit of recovering the sharp jump when , presenting a numerical challenge where careful meshing is key. Using the FreeSolv database to compare with molecular dynamics, our calculations indicate that an optimal value of for solvation energies was around 3. However, more challenging binding free energy tests make this conclusion more difficult, as binding showed to be very sensitive to small variations of . In that case, optimal values of ranged from 2 to 20.
Improved bioethanol production from cocoa agro‐industrial waste optimization based on reaction rate rules
Authors: Aguilar‐López Ricardo , López‐Pérez Pablo A. , Femat Ricardo , Alvarado‐Santos Eduardo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDBioethanol production was enhanced from cocoa agro‐industrial wastes by optimizing the reaction rate. A lab‐scale set‐up allowed us to show the proof of concept, in which agro‐industrial wastes were fermented by Candida krusei. The goal was to show how a simple equation, based on Euler–Lagrange theory, has a feedback structure to command online from the measured variables related to cell growth and metabolism. The online correction involved computation of the feeding rate Fin from the derived equation.RESULTSThe proposed improvement resulted in increased bioethanol production. Bioethanol production from exponential and pulse strategies was 61 and 75 g L−1, respectively, but reached 85 g L−1 with the proposed improvement. The initial glucose concentration for the proof of concept was 60 g L−1. The results show that the proposed optimization enhanced bioethanol production by about 24% and 36% with respect to exponential and pulse strategies, respectively. Thus, the Euler–Lagrange theory improves bioethanol production through Fin by optimizing the reaction rate with a very simple real‐time implementation.CONCLUSIONThis contribution provides a solid basis for potential industrial implementation with only the inflow profile as the unique measured variable to produce bioethanol as fuel from agro‐industrial wastes. Thus, the proposed optimization might provide long‐term benefits for economical bioethanol production via industrial ecology in terms of a carbon‐neutral circular economy. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The 2022 ADEA Climate Study in U.S. and Canadian Dental Schools and Allied Dental Programs: Methodological Considerations
Authors: Inglehart Marita R. , West Karen P. , Stolberg Rebecca , Krzanowski Steven , Smith Sonya Gyjuan , Lee Angelo , Ester Todd V. , Tucker‐Lively Felicia L. , Smith Carlos S. , Taylor George W. , Ware Tawana K. , Moran Rosa Chaviano , Garcia M. Nathalia , Hogan Rachel E. , Lopez‐Fuentes Ana N. , Mitchell Dennis A. , Schwartz Scott B. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesFrom January 2020 to the end of August 2020, preliminary research gathered data about the need for and the feasibility of an ADEA‐led joint Climate Study of dental schools and allied dental programs in the United States and Canada. Informed by these findings, the first ever ADEA‐led joint Climate Study took place in 2022. The objectives of this manuscript were to describe the timeline of this climate study and provide information about its methodology, specifically about (a) who participated in this research, (b) what was assessed, (c) how the study was conducted, and (d) how the results were communicated.MethodsIn 2021, the consulting company Nonprofit HR, members of the ADEA Collaborative on Dental Education Climate Assessment and campus liaisons collaborated on designing the 2022 ADEA‐led Climate Study.ResultsBetween January 1 and April 1, 2022, survey data were collected in the United States (N = 16,518), Canada (N = 1042), and Puerto Rico (N = 145) from 10,281 students, 2591 staff, 4026 faculty, 359 administrators, and 443 administrators with faculty positions in dental schools and allied dental programs. Social identity information about the respondents’ gender identity, ethnicity/race, sexual orientation, and ability status was assessed. Survey questions focused on assessing respondents’ perceptions/experiences with their own institutions’ climate and the degree to which it was inclusive. The questionnaire collected information about their well‐being, sense of belonging and cultural competence, their perceptions/experiences with harassment and discrimination, with their institutions’ diversity, equity, and inclusion‐related programming, activities, and leadership practices. Careful attention was given to how the data were collected and how the results were shared with the participating academic institutions and the dental education community at large.ConclusionsInstitution‐specific results of this 2022 ADEA Climate Study were shared with the participating dental schools and allied dental programs to provide them with a better understanding of their own cultural climate. This special issue of the Journal of Dental Education provides dental educators with an overview of the results of this first ever ADEA‐led Climate Study of U.S. and Canadian dental schools and allied dental programs.
Serial Quantitative Evaluation of Load Redistribution and Osteotomy Gap After Medial Open‐Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Cho Jae Woo , Song Yoo Sung , Park Se Jin , Lee Won Woo , Lee Yong Seuk 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe goal of medial open‐wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOW‐HTO) is to redistribute load by realigning the lower limb. This surgery is indicated for mild to moderate medial compartment osteoarthritis with varus deformity in cases unresponsive to conservative treatment. Procedures for accompanying cartilage lesions, such as multiple drilling on the medial femoral condyle (MFC), are often performed simultaneously, potentially affecting bone metabolism along with load redistribution and union progression. This study assessed changes in bone metabolism following MOW‐HTO. Two‐year follow‐up data were collected from 51 knees undergoing MOW‐HTO between March 2019 and December 2020. Single‐photon emission computed tomography and conventional CT (SPECT/CT) were performed on postoperative Day 1, 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was measured in each compartment and the osteotomy gap. At 1 year postoperatively, SUVmax decreased in the medial femur and tibia zones (p < 0.001). SUVmax decreased in the lateral osteotomy gap zones at 1 year (p = 0.001 anterior; p = 0.002 posterior), while medial zones showed a sustained increase. At the posteromedial zone, SUVmax decreased at 2 years (p = 0.012). Subjects were divided into two groups: those with MFC drilling (group one) and those without (group two). SUVmax was higher in group one throughout the 2 years (p < 0.001). Unloading effects were notable in the medial compartment. MFC drilling increased SUVmax, creating different patterns between groups. SUVmax decrease in the osteotomy gap occurred earlier in the lateral zone.
Porphyrin‐Based Covalent Organic Framework Reinforced Hollow Fiber for Solid‐Phase Microextraction of Tebuconazole and Propiconazole
Authors: Kavian Marzieh , Ghani Milad , Raoof Jahan Bakhsh 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHerein, an amino‐functionalized covalent organic framework was synthesized and accommodated in the pores of porous hollow fiber. In this context, tetra (4‐aminophenyl) porphyrin was synthesized for preparing the desired covalent organic framework as the extracting sorbent and employed for hollow fiber solid‐phase microextraction of tebuconazole and propiconazole. With respect to the amino groups of the as‐synthesized porphyrin‐based covalent organic framework, the extracting device has the ability of establishing a hydrogen bond with the selected model analytes. Under the optimum condition, the linear range of the method for both analytes were estimated in the range of 0.5–200 µg L−1 (the coefficient of determination of 0.9962 for tebuconazole and 0.9990 for propiconazole). The limits of detection of the method for tebuconazole and propiconazole were calculated to 0.02 µg g−1 and 0.03 µg g−1, respectively. The limits of quantification of the method were also estimated for two analytes equal to 0.07 and 0.08 µg g−1, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations, which fell between 1.8% and 4.7%, were computed to assess the accuracy of the suggested approach. The proposed method was used for the extraction and determination of tebuconazole and propiconazole in tomato, cucumber, apple, cabbage, and carrot, which the obtained results showed the success of the method in extracting and determining of these analytes from the target samples.
Study on Interaction Between 5‐(4 Methoxyphenyl)‐1‐Phenyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐Triazole with High‐Abundant Blood Proteins and Identification of Low‐Abundant Proteins by Serum Proteomics
Authors: Xie Cong , Duan Hongye , Liu Rongqiang , Si Hongzong , Yao Xiaojun , He Wenying 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA comprehensive strategy, including spectroscopic, molecular simulation, proteomics, and bioinformatics techniques, was employed to investigate a novel triazole, 5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole, its interactions with high‐abundance blood proteins, and identification of low‐abundance proteins. The binding constants and thermodynamic parameters of the triazole to two high‐abundance blood globular proteins, human serum albumin, and human immunoglobulin G (HIgG), were obtained by spectroscopic techniques and computational chemistry. The two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis in combination with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was employed to isolate and identify differentially expressed low‐abundance proteins in human blood serum samples following exposure to the triazole. The results indicated that there is strong binding of the triazole to human serum albumin/HIgG and hydrophobic interaction plays a main role in the system. There were 21 highly expressed proteins identified from blood serum samples intervened by the triazole. By bioinformatics analysis, one of the differential proteins, kininogen‐1 protein, was to explore the mechanism of action of 5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole intervention on the kallikrein–kinin signaling pathways related to HeLa cervical cancer cells. The triazole displayed antiproliferative activity and significantly altered a kallikrein‐10 expression, suggesting a possible antitumor mechanism involving the kallikrein–kinin system. These research findings provide scientific insights for further development and application of the 1,2,3‐triazole compound. The study highlights the potential of the compound as a multifunctional pharmaceutical agent, particularly in cancer therapies, and lays the foundation for its future clinical applications in targeting drug–protein interactions.
Early Motor Signs in Pathologically Verified Alzheimer's Disease and Lewy Body Disease
Authors: Oh Daniel M. , Jiao Jocelyn M. , Wang Xinhui , Ahuja Ashim , Caceres Nenette A. , Clark Kristi A. , Chui Helena , Ringman John M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe neuropathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD) commonly co‐occur. Parkinsonism is the hallmark feature in LBD but it can be difficult to predict the presence of these co‐pathologies early in the course of clinical disease. Timely diagnosis has crucial implications, especially with the advent of disease‐modifying therapies.ObjectivesWe sought to define early motor features that predict the ultimate neuropathological diagnoses of normal, AD, AD with concurrent LB pathology, and pure LB.MethodsWe examined the associations between individuals’ early motor features from their initial visit using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part III and their neuropathological diagnoses using the U.S. National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) Database.ResultsWe included data from participants with neuropathologically normal brains (n = 49), AD (n = 502), AD w/LB (n = 167), and pure LB (n = 51). Total UPDRS Part III scores were increasingly higher with purer LB pathology. Decreased facial expression at baseline differentiated those with AD w/LB pathology from those with AD. Participants having pure LB pathology more often had deficits in speech, facial expression, posture, gait, bradykinesia, and upper extremity rigidity relative to those with AD w/LB.ConclusionDiminished facial expression significantly predicted the presence of LBs among those with concurrent AD pathology. Worse early speech, facial expression, posture, gait, bradykinesia, and upper extremity rigidity were suggestive of more pure LB pathology. These findings emphasize the utility of the neurological exam in the clinical assessment of persons with cognitive complaints as it can guide management.
Infinitely Many Positive Nonradial Solutions for the Kirchhoff Equation
Authors: Guo Hui , Tang Boling , Wang Tao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe are concerned with the existence of positive nonradial solutions to the following Kirchhoff equation:
where and are radial functions having the following expansions:
with and . By introducing the Miranda theorem and developing some delicate analysis, we construct infinitely many positive nonradial multibump solutions of this equation under suitable numbers via the Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction method, whose maximum points lie on the top and bottom circles of a cylinder close to infinity. These nonradial multibump solutions are different from the ones obtained in a previous study. This result complements and extends the previous results in the literature.