bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of reducing starch bioavailability using organic acids on rumen fermentation and ruminant performance: A meta-analysis
Authors: Rahmadani M , Jayanegara A , Susanto I , Nahrowi  , Khotijah L 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Starch is an important nutrient in ruminants as an energy source. Utilizing organic acids to reduce starch bioavailability offers a safer approach to sustainable ruminant health and productivity. However, the inconsistent results obtained from published studies necessitate integration through meta-analysis to determine the actual effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of reducing starch bioavailability using organic acids on rumen fermentation and ruminant performance by meta-analysis. Hedges’ meta-analysis was conducted by using a random effect. A total of 14 articles were selected from the Scopus platform, with 23 comparative studies. This meta-analysis revealed that starch modification using organic acids influenced rumen fermentation. In vitro studies demonstrated a significant increase (p<0.01) in rumen pH and a reduction in ammonia (NH3) and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) levels (p<0.01). Partial VFA components, including butyrate, iso-butyrate, valerate, and iso-valerate, also showed significant decreases (p<0.01). Total protozoa also obtained a significant decrease (p<0.001). Moreover, in vivo trials indicated ruminant performance with increased milk fat content (p<0.05). In conclusion, the intervention of organic acids for reducing the bioavailability starch in rumen is effectively optimizes rumen health by maintaining fermented products within the normal range and increasing ruminant productivity.
Development and yield of cormels gladiolus plant stimulated with paclobutrazol
Authors: Iriani F , Sitawati R , Rahmawati A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The application of paclobutrazol compounds in several types of horticultural crops is effective in stimulation the growth and development of tubers. Gladiolus plant (Gladiolus hybridus) is one of the ornamental plants that produce bulbs or corm and cormels as reproductive organs. The development of corm and cormels gladiolus plants has been stimulated by the concentration of paclobutrazol compounds through soil surface flushing after flowers are harvested, namely at the age of 66 days after planting. Using the single factor Randomized Block Design method with four concentration levels of pacrobutrazol compounds as treatment, namely, 0 mgL-1, 50 mgL-1, 100 mgL-1, and 150 mgL-1. Corm and cormels development was observed destructively in sample plants at regular intervals of five days as many as eight times, starting after a week of watering consisting of variable responses to the development of the corm diameter, the development of the number of cormels, the development of the diameter of the cormels, and the development of the plant root ratio. The data obtained are suspected according to regression fingerprints, and the curves obtained are compared with squeeze and alignment tests. The results showed that the diameter of the corm, the diameter of the cormels, and development of the plant root ratio treated with paclobutrazol compounds were better than without treatment, but the application of paclobutrazol treatment had no effect on the number of cormels. Obtained cormels with a diameter of > 1.5 cm is the desired final goal in this study, because the cormels have economic value as planting material to produce larger corm, then the next can be used as planting material to produce flowering corms.
The Use of Chitosan and Beeswax Coatings on Berangan Banana (Musa Paradisiaca) in Different Maturity Stages
Authors: Novita M , Husna N E , Alfiana D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The coating is a method of giving a thin layer on the surface of the fruit to inhibit the release of gas, water vapor, and direct contact with oxygen. Coatings can create modified atmospheric conditions that slow fruit ripening, browning and prevent water loss, which in turn delays spoilage. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of the type of coating material (chitosan and beeswax) and the maturity stages of bananas (full green skin, 25% yellow skin, and 50% yellow skin) on changes in the quality of barangan bananas during storage. Coating significantly affected weight loss, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and firmness. Bananas with chitosan coating had higher SSC and titratable acidity than bananas with beeswax coating, but had lower weight loss. The maturity stages of bananas had a significant effect on weight loss, total dissolved solids, total acid, and firmness, which also affected the storage time of barangan bananas. Bananas with a yellow maturity level of 50% had higher weight loss and total dissolved solids than bananas with full green maturity and 25% yellow maturity. The barangan bananas with full green maturity had a shelf life of up to 12 days, bananas with 25 % yellow skin had a shelf life of up to 8 days, and bananas with 50% yellow skin had a shelf life of 4 days at room temperature.
Analysis of spontaneous and biological fermented cassava flour for sourdough application
Authors: Zaidiyah Z , Abubakar A , Indarti E , Anwar S H 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Mocaf is cassava flour produced through lactic acid fermentation or spontaneous fermentation. Mocaf can be utilised as a raw material in food processing, such as sourdough applications in the bakery sector, which typically depend on wheat flour. The bakery industry is currently also using sourdough as a natural yeast in bread production. The objective of the research is to determine the effect of the spontaneous fermentation method and using Lactobacillus plantarum for a certain time on the characteristics of the mocaf produced and applied to the manufacture of sourdough starter. The Unpaired Sample T-Test was used in the experiment design, with two types of treatment: spontaneous fermentation for 96 hours and fermentation utilising L. plantarum bacteria for 96 hours. Total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and pH were the parameters measured in immersed cassava fermented water. Fermented cassava flour was evaluated for ash content, crude fibre content, cyanide acid, lactic acid, protein, and starch. pH and development of liquid sourdough were also measured. A spontaneously fermented mocaf sample has a pH of 4.30, moisture content of 9.21%, an ash content of 0.83%, a protein content of 5.308%, a fibre content of 3.73%, lactic acid of 0.1204 mg/mL, HCN of 7.65 mg/Kg, and a starch content of 55.41%. The best mocaf has a pH of 4.25, 8.56% water content, 0.67% ash content, 6.125% protein, 2.50% fibre content, 0.123 lactic acid mg/mL, HCN 5.85 mg/Kg, and a starch content of 54.43%. Sourdough derived from mocaf with spontaneous fermentation had a pH of 3.31, while mocaf fermented with LAB had a pH of 3.28. The development of sourdough volume value for mocaf with spontaneous fermentation and using LAB was 61,4% and 86,45%, respectively. Mocaf produced by 96-hour treatment with L. plantarum bacteria exhibited better characteristics than mocaf produced by spontaneous fermentation treatment.
The adoption of combine harvester and its determinant factors for sustainable rice production in Aceh Besar District, Indonesia
Authors: Susanti E , Safrida  , Nabila N P , Iskandar E 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Sustainable agriculture development relies on farmers’ ability to cope with the changes in agriculture development and technology. This ability depends on their knowledge and skills attained through various learning processes and communication. This research aimed to analyse innovation adoption rate and the determinants of farmers’ adoption. The innovation was restricted to the use of combine harvester technology in rice farming. Research was conducted by survey method to 120 farmers, selected by simple random sampling, in Sukamakmur Subdistrict. The level of adoption was measured by farmers’ awareness, interest, evaluation, trial and adoption; while the determinants including access to information media, interpersonal communication ability and group interaction. The descriptive analysis was performed to analyze the adoption level and its determinants by score index in range 0-100 percent. The rank-spearman correlation analysis was used to show the relationship between adoption and its determinant factors. Results rated the level of combine harvester adoption as high, where 74.82 percent of farmers have adopted the machine. The adoption level of combine harvester has significantly correlated with farmers’ access to information media, interpersonal communication ability and group interaction. To increase the adoption rate, farmers need to have better access to gain an adequate and appropriate information of introduced technology.
The Properties of Acetic Acid Modified Breadfruit Flour-Dried Noodles Using Sweet Potato Leaf Extract
Authors: Lubis Y M , Arpi N , Zaidiyah Z , Nada Q , Rohaya S , Nilda C , Noviasari S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The high amount of breadfruit production is unbalanced with its low rate of consumption, which may be due to storage constraints. This can be remedied by converting it into flour, which can then be used to prepare a variety of foods, including cakes, bread, and dry noodles. Natural breadfruit flour has qualities that make it difficult to bind water and less fluffy. In order to improve the characteristics of the starch, we used breadfruit flour that had been chemically modified for this study. In order to improve the chemical composition of dry noodles, sweet potato leaf extract is also added. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the effect of substituting modified breadfruit flour for wheat and adding sweet potato leaf extract on the characteristics of the resulting dry noodles. These dry noodles were made with various proportions of modified breadfruit flour and wheat flour (20:80, 50:50, and 80:20) and concentrations of sweet potato leaf extract (0%, 5%, and 10%). With the addition of modified breadfruit flour, the water content, cooking time, and breaking strength increased, but the protein content decreased. The concentration of sweet potato leaf extract increased the values of protein content, crude fiber content, cooking time, and breaking power. The best dry noodle is made with a breadfruit-to-wheat flour ratio of 20:80, with 9.86% water content, 9.12% protein content, 8.87% crude fiber content, 60.97% antioxidant activity, 8.2% cooking loss, a cooking time of 3.27 minutes, a breaking strength of 14.25%, and color, aroma, taste, and texture scores of 3.69, 3.46, 3.58, and 3.69, respectively (neutral-like).
Increased yield and nutrient uptake of several rice lines by applying soil amendments to newly cultivated land
Authors: Irwan  , Muyassir  , Helmi  
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soil amendments and rice line on agronomic characters and nutrient uptake. The research was conducted in Bueng Tujoh (5o.50′5′14″N 95o47′67′36″ E), Atong village, Montasik sub-district, Aceh Besar district, from August to December 2021. This study used 3×6 factorial randomized block design with 3 replicates, consisting of 2 levels. There were 18 treatment combinations with 54 experimental plots. The main factors are three levels of soil enhancers consisting of A0 without soil amendments, A1 using biochar (20 t ha-1 or 4,8 kg plot-1), and A2 using manure (20 t ha-1 or 4,8 kg plot-1). The second factor was the rice lines which consisted of 6 lines: L1 (Inpari 42), L2 (C3), L3 (TG IRBB 27), L4 (15 E 1009), L5 (F1 C4 x KH), and L6 (Sigupai). The results showed that there are interactions between soil amendments and rice lines on parameters observed. The highest yield potential was found in Inpari 42 (4.92 t ha-1).
Status of Azotobacter at coffee arabica rhizosphere in Bener Meriah Regency of Aceh Province
Authors: Yusnizar Y , Syafruddin S , Hifnalisa H , Karim A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Coffee is one of the superior export commodity from agricultural sector in Indonesia. Arabica coffee produce especially from Aceh Province especially from Gayo High Land, one of these is from Bener Meriah Regency. One of limiting factor of production of arabica coffee in Bener Meriah Regency is N-total of soil is low. There are soil microorganisms can fixing N atmosphere, one of these is Azotobacter. Azotobacter can found in rhizosphere. This study aims to obtain status Azotobacter on arabica coffee rhizosphere that is the population of Azotobacter at different altitude and screening the capability of Azotobacter to increase N-total of soil. The soil samples used were taken from arabica coffee rhizosphere in Bener Meriah Regency at 800-1600 m MSL. The method used is the descriptive method to analyze the population of Azotobacter at different altitude and screening the capability of Azotobacter to increase N-total of soil. The result obtained that the highest population of Azotobacter was found at 800-1000 m MSL and the population of Azotobacter almost the same at 1000-1200, 1200-1400, and 1400-1600 m MSL. The result also obtained that three isolates of Azotobacter have capability to increace N-total of soil than that of control.
Feasibility investigation of using waste laminated packaging as bitumen performance enhancer
Authors: Fu Chaoliang , Liu Pengfei , Bornmann Manfred , Liu Quan , Chen Xiaozheng , Liu Kai 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Millions of tons of laminated packaging are extensively utilized in aseptic food packaging due to its advantages in transporting and storing liquid foods, leading to the annual generation of waste laminated packaging (WLP). To address this concern, this study processes WLP recycled from milk and fruit juice packages into particles. The properties of WLP-modified bitumen were characterized through conventional and rheological tests, and the results were compared with those of the base bitumen. The tests reveal that the addition of WLP increases the softening point and peak force while decreasing penetration and ductility. Additionally, higher WLP content results in a larger modification index, higher failure temperature, lower non-recoverable creep compliance, and lower stress sensitivity. Furthermore, the stabilizing effect of low-density polyethylene in WLP, combined with the complete cross-linking of cellulose fibers, contributes to enhancing the fatigue life of the bitumen.
Subwavelength grating waveguide antenna based on interleaved groove structure
Authors: Chen Zhipeng , Liu Pengfei , Ji Zhangjie , Ma Li , Shi Yiming , Xie Lu , Zhang Yiyi , Cheng Liwen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Integrated optical antennas are essential components of optical phased arrays for applications in light detection and ranging technology. To achieve larger detection distances, wider detection ranges, and higher scanning resolutions, it is imperative to employ millimeter-scale or longer effective lengths to achieve a narrow beam width, coupled with high radiation efficiency. In the high refractive index contrast silicon photonics platform, achieving a narrow far-field beam width and high radiation efficiency simultaneously is a formidable challenge. In the article, a subwavelength grating waveguide antenna with interleaved grooved lateral radiating block arrays is proposed. The simulation result shows that an effective length of about 3.3 mm is attained, with a corresponding far-field beam width is 0.02°, and a radiation efficiency of 0.785 at the wavelength of 1550 nm. It is also found that the crosstalk between the adjacent grating antennas designed in the range of 1.49 μm ∼ 1.61 μm is less than −15.6 dB.
Investigating the influence of peak internal air temperature (PIAT) on material characteristics of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) during rotational moulding
Authors: Umbare Vilas , Arakerimath Rachayya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In present study, six samples of ICORENE 1613 LLDPE fuel tank with homogeneous composition were analysed for six different PIAT values of 165 °C, 170 °C, 180 °C, 190 °C, 195 °C and 200 °C in the first stage. In the second phase of the study, the samples with optimum PIAT values were considered for the Tensile and Flexural strength study at different temperatures. Peak Internal Air Temperature (PIAT) values were obtained using the rotolog instrument, while the tensile and flexural tests were performed utilizing the Universal Testing Machine for accurate characterization of the material properties. The tensile and flexural strength were carried out at three different operating temperatures considering the tank will be subjected to variable operating conditions in real world exercise. The maximum value for both all the process parameters studied were observed at PIAT value of 195 °C, the same has been chosen for the further investigation. The failure data obtained from these two destructive testing will be helpful to mitigate the defects during the process. The tensile test results indicate that the LLDPE sample exhibits the maximum tensile strength of 17.3 MPa at 23 °C and the highest elongation percentage at failure, which is 182.7% at 80 °C. Moreover, the sample shows a remarkable flexural strength of 75.97 MPa at 23 °C, which is indicative of its superior ability to resist deformation under applied bending stresses.
δARD
loss for low-contrast medical image segmentation
Authors: Zhao Yu , Shen Xiaoyan , Chen Jiadong , Qian Wei , Ma He , Sang Liang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Medical image segmentation is essential to image-based disease analysis and has proven to be significantly helpful for doctors to make decisions. Due to the low-contrast of some medical images, the accurate segmentation of medical images has always been a challenging problem. The experiment found that UNet with current loss functions cannot capture subtle information in target contours or regions in low-contrast medical images, which are crucial for subsequent disease diagnosis. We propose a robust loss by incorporating the difference in average radial derivative (ARD), length and region area to further help the network to achieve more accurate segmentation results. We evaluated the proposed loss function using UNet as the base segmentation network compared to five conventional loss functions on one private and four public medical image datasets. Experimental results illustrate that UNet with the proposed loss function can achieve the best segmentation performance, even better than the outstanding deep learning models with original loss functions. Furthermore, three representative datasets were chosen to validate the effectiveness of the proposed δARD loss function with seven different models. The experiments revealed δARD loss’s plug-and-play feature and its robustness over multiple models and datasets.
Niosomes modified with a novel pH-responsive coating (mPEG-OA) enhance the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Osman Nawras , Omolo Calvin A , Gafar Mohammed A , Devnarain Nikita , Rambharose Sanjeev , Ibrahim Usri H , Fasiku Victoria O , Govender Thirumala 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Surface functionalization of nanoparticles has shown potential in enhancing the efficacy of antibiotic-loaded nanosystems against drug-resistant bacteria. The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize an acid-cleavable pH-responsive polymer from methoxy polyethylene glycol and oleylamine (mPEG-OA) to surface modify vancomycin (VCM)-loaded niosomes and to evaluate their antibacterial and anti-biofilm effectiveness against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The novel mPEG-OA-coated niosomes were biocompatible, hemocompatible with size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of 169.2 ± 1.6 nm, 0.21 ± 0.01 and −0.82 ± 0.22 mV, respectively. Under acidic conditions, mPEG-OA-coated niosomes exhibited a pH-responsive and sustained VCM release profile and in vitro antibacterial activity than non-coated niosomes and bare VCM. mPEG-OA-coated niosomes showed a significant reduction in biofilm formation at pH 6 compared to pH 7.4 (p = 0,0119). The in vivo efficacy of mPEG-OA-coated niosomes in the BALB/c mice skin infection model showed a 9.9-fold reduction in MRSA load compared to bare VCM. Histomorphologically, the mPEG-OA-coated niosomes group displayed the lowest bacterial load, tissue swelling, and inflammation. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of novel pH-responsive mPEG-OA-derived polymer coating to enhance bacterial killing kinetics, and antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficacies over conventional antibiotic and non-functionalized nano delivery systems.
Reducing reservoir computer hyperparameter dependence by external timescale tailoring
Authors: Jaurigue Lina , Lüdge Kathy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Task specific hyperparameter tuning in reservoir computing is an open issue, and is of particular relevance for hardware implemented reservoirs. We investigate the influence of directly including externally controllable task specific timescales on the performance and hyperparameter sensitivity of reservoir computing approaches. We show that the need for hyperparameter optimisation can be reduced if timescales of the reservoir are tailored to the specific task. Our results are mainly relevant for temporal tasks requiring memory of past inputs, for example chaotic timeseries prediction. We consider various methods of including task specific timescales in the reservoir computing approach and demonstrate the universality of our message by looking at both time-multiplexed and spatially-multiplexed reservoir computing.
Guiding discovery of protein sequence-structure-function modeling
Authors: Hussain Azam , Brooks III Charles L 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Protein engineering techniques are key in designing novel catalysts for a wide range of reactions. Although approaches vary in their exploration of the sequence-structure-function paradigm, they are often hampered by the labor-intensive steps of protein expression and screening. In this work, we describe the development and testing of a high-throughput in silico sequence-structure-function pipeline using AlphaFold2 and fast Fourier transform docking that is benchmarked with enantioselectivity and reactivity predictions for an ancestral sequence library of fungal flavin-dependent monooxygenases.

Results
The predicted enantioselectivities and reactivities correlate well with previously described screens of an experimentally available subset of these proteins and capture known changes in enantioselectivity across the phylogenetic tree representing ancestorial proteins from this family. With this pipeline established as our functional screen, we apply ensemble decision tree models and explainable AI techniques to build sequence-function models and extract critical residues within the binding site and the second-sphere residues around this site. We demonstrate that the top-identified key residues in the control of enantioselectivity and reactivity correspond to experimentally verified residues. The in silico sequence-to-function pipeline serves as an accelerated framework to inform protein engineering efforts from vast informative sequence landscapes contained in protein families, ancestral resurrects, and directed evolution campaigns.

Availability
Jupyter notebooks detailing the sequence-structure-function pipeline are available at https://github.com/BrooksResearchGroup-UM/seq_struct_func