bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncanny Identity: Violence, Gaze, and Desire in Contemporary Basque Cinema
Authors: Gabilondo Joseba 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the history of representations of Spanish national and ethnic identities, there is a text that, in its manifold transformations, has defined the relationship between Spanish identities and the violence that has characterized their history: Prosper Mérimée’s Carmen (1845). What originally was conceived as a French Romantic travel narrative that violently reduced post Napoleonic, post Carlist Spain to a land of new, romantic exoticism for the contemplation of the (capitalist, male) European gaze, eventually turned into an opera (Bizet, 1875) and developed a life of its own in the twentieth century with works as different as Otto Preminger’s Carmen Jones (1954) or Laurie Anderson’s ‘Carmen’ (1994). In Spain, Carmen laid the ground for the cinematic tradition known as the españolada which, after the Franco dictatorship, was revived with a film that became one of the biggest international box office hits in Spanish film history: Carlos Saura’s Carmen (1983). In Evlyn Gould’s words, the success of Saura’s Carmen made it ‘a paradigm for modern European cultural identity’ (1996: 9), thus coming full circle in the articulation of Spanish identities.
Two Armies
Authors: Smith G S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This is a considered view that so far as it goes would command a good deal of general assent among historians of all factions writing in the late twentieth century. Writing elsewhere at the same time, Mirsky also said that the upper classes at first accepted the war with enthusiasm ‘(which, except in the case of families with military traditions, was not accompanied by any readiness for self-sacrifice)’:1 What Mirsky thought in 1914, as an upper-class man from a military family who was simultaneously one of the professional soldiers facing the hecatombs and a member of the intellectual elite, was probably more complicated.
Duras, Writing, and the Ethical
Authors: Crowley Martin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This book offers a study of the whole of Duras's written oeuvre, covering journalism and lesser-known works as well as more famous texts. It brings out the constant presence of ethical questions in and around the experiences of passion and excess with which her work is always concerned, and subjects Duras's texts to an unprecedented level of close reading, carrying her beyond the terms of her usual reception. On the basis of this approach, and with reference to Duras's involvement with her intellectual and political contexts, the book demonstrates the detailed engagement of Duras's writing in the ethical and political issues of her day. Careful textual analysis shows the particular, fragile nature of this engagement, as well as the intricate textures of Duras's work; this leads to a striking new model of the relation between the literary text and the ethical life of its readers, which will be of importance not only to specialists in French Studies, but to all those interested in ethical criticism and modern literary studies.
The Government of Florence Under the Medici (1434 To 1494)
Authors: Rubinstein Nicolai 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Government of Florence Under the Medici 1434-1494 investigates the ways in which the Medici established and exercised their authority. Although de facto rulers of Florence, they wielded their power within the structure of the Florentine constitution and enjoyed no political rights and privileges denied to other prominent citizens. Nicolai Rubinstein examines the complex system of controls which the Medici gradually created to secure and increase their ascendancy, and throws fresh light on the personalities and groups supporting the Medici regime, as well as on the surviving republican opposition. In this second edition, Professor Rubinstein has taken account of the many important studies on fifteenth-century Florence, in particular on Lorenzo and his age, that have appeared since the publication of the first edition over thirty years ago. He has added an essay on the techniques by which a number of important administrative offices were subjected to electoral controls before and after the establishment of the Medici regime, and also added a brief account of the procedures of the council of Seventy of 1480, as well as a list of its members in 1489. The reorganization of the Archivio delle Tratte has necessitated the revision of every single reference to what is by far the largest group of sources on which this book is based. Reviews of the first edition: `The importance of the theme need not be laboured. Florence is the most interesting of all proto-democracies, the Medici among the most intriguing of all dynasties (especially before they became dynasts).' Times Literary Supplement `a fundamental contribution to Florentine history, which will be used as a source by historians for many years to come.' British Book News `an extremely important and useful book.
British Literary Bibliography, 1970–1979
Authors: Howard-Hill T H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
British Literary Bibliography, 1970-1979 is a ten-year supplement to the six volumes already published in the prestigious series Index to British Literary Bibliography, and is fully indexed for consistency with earlier volumes. The series provides a comprehensive record of the writings that describe and study the history of the printed book in Britain, and works of bibliography and textual criticism, from the earliest times. The period covered by the present volume was bibliographically very active, witnessing a great renewal of interest in the history of the book. The volume has seven main sections: `General Bibliographies of and Guides to British Literature', `Bibliography and Textual Criticism', `General and Period Bibliography', `Regional Bibliography', `Book Production and Distribution', `Forms, Genres, and Subjects', and `Authors'. Complete information about each book or journal article is provided in standard form, and in many instances objective annotations are given, affording additional access to the items through a very detailed index.
Pre-empting Closure in ‘The Canterbury Tales’: Old Endings, New Beginnings
Authors: Pearsall Derek 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The subject-matter of this essay, as will be evident from its title, has a certain appropriateness in a volume of tribute to a scholar at an important turning-point in his long and distinguished career; it also takes up an issue which Professor Burrow has discussed in a characteristically incisive, erudite, and level-headed way, in his ‘Poems without Endings’, though without mentioning the ‘ending lessness’ of the well-known Ricardian poem that I want to talk about. Professor Burrow’s essay, remembered particularly as a wonderfully urbane and informative lecture at the New Chaucer Society congress at Canterbury in 1990, is concerned chiefly with The House of Fame, The Legend of Good Women, the Cook’s Tale and the Squire’s Tale, and the questions that arise from their unfinished state: whether they were left incomplete by Chaucer, whether they were completed by Chaucer but are now incomplete through accidental loss of manuscript leaf or leaves, or whether they transcend, in their apparent incompleteness, the petty bounds of our notions of completeness and aspire to represent the grand inconclusiveness and indeterminacy of all things.
English Heritage, English Cinema
Authors: Higson Andrew 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The costume drama was one of the important production trends in British cinema during the 1980s and 1990s. Films such as Chariots of Fire, A Room with a View, Howards End, Sense and Sensibility, Elizabeth, and Shakespeare in Love won numerous accolades, received extensive critical acclaim, and achieved considerable box-office success, both in the UK and overseas. Since the late 1980s, there has been much debate about these films, about their politics and their meanings, and about their relationship to the heritage industry. In English Heritage, English Cinema, Andrew Higson moves the debate on heritage cinema in important new directions. First, he demonstrates that there were many more ‘British’ costume dramas than have usually been taken into account in discussions of heritage cinema, and describes the typical subject matter, themes, and stylistic characteristics of these films. Secondly, he explores the major concerns of the critical debate about heritage cinema, arguing that the ambivalence of the films themselves and the richness of the reception process necessarily produces a range of often incompatible interpretations of the same films. Thirdly, he looks at the way in which the costume drama production trend was funded, marketed, and exhibited, noting in particular the development of crossover appeal, and the involvement of American capital and specialist distribution companies. Finally, he looks in detail at two key films, Howards End and Elizabeth, and at their production, distribution, exhibition, and critical reception. The book is based on extensive empirical research but is written in an accessible and jargon-free style. As well as dealing with a specific production trend, it also raises more general questions about genre, national cinema, the relations between commercial and cultural interests, and the processes of reception and interpretation.
Alicia D’anvers (née Clarke) (1668-1725)
Authors: Stevenson Jane , Davidson Peter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Alicia D’Anvers, according to Anthony a Wood (manuscript notes in his copy of Academia, Bod. Wood 517, Pamphlet 6) was The daughter of Samuel Clarke, a ‘sometimes superior Beadle of Law’ in Oxfordshire, and also architypographicus to The University.
Delarivier Manley, née Manley (R.1670/8-1724)
Authors: Stevenson Jane , Davidson Peter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Delarivier Manley was The daughter of Sir Roger Manley, Lieutenant-Governor of The Channel Islands (where she claims to have been born) from 1667 to 1672. His military career was one of modest distinction: he went on to serve as a Captain in The Royal Regiment of Foot Guards, and as governor of Landguard Fort in Suffolk.
Lady Sarah Piers (née Roydon) (C.I67o-Before 1720)
Authors: Stevenson Jane , Davidson Peter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Sarah was The daughter of MatThew Roydon, and married Sir George Piers of Stonepit, near Seal in Kent. Little seems to be known of her life. Her husband was an army captain and Clerk of The Privy Seal.
Anne Morcott (fl. 1692)
Authors: Stevenson Jane , Davidson Peter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The extent of women’s involvement with The professional writing of ballads is completely unquantifiable. Ballads were normally, though not always, registered without an author’s name: though it it highly probable that many ballads were written by women, this is one of only two which seems certain to be so, so is included here to stand for a whole area of women’s literary production.
Elizabeth Tipper (fl. 1693-8)
Authors: Stevenson Jane , Davidson Peter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
All that we know of Elizabeth Tipper derives from her own work, The Pilgrim’s Viaticum: or, The Destitute, but not Forlorn. At The time of writing, Elizabeth Tipper was a poor schoolteacher, dependent on The charity of friends, some of whom she names.
Catherine Cockburn (née Trotter) (1679-1749)
Authors: Stevenson Jane , Davidson Peter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Catherine Trotter was The daughter of David Trotter, a naval commander, and Sarah Ballenden. Her faTher died of The plague on an expedition to Scanderoon when she was 4, and Thereafter, CaTherine, her sister, and her moTher lived on a precarious system of pensions, and subventions from relatives.
Culture and Benevolence
Authors: Docherty Thomas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
At the close of Moliere’s Le Bourgeois gentilhomme, then, we see the emergence of a troublesome vision of ‘Europe’, in the form of a theatrical chorus comprising the cultures of France, Spain, and Italy, singing together in the face of a suddenly silenced Turkey. This ‘Europe’, produced aesthetically, constitutes a political state of affairs, in which Europe is formulating itself in terms of internal affinities between obviously different cultures; but where such ‘friendship’ between cultures, even between cultures whose languages are mutually incomprehensible, requires a common or shared sense of enmity elsewhere.
Things Fall Apart: The Secret Agent and Literary Entropy
Authors: Whitworth Michael H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Missing from Gerald Holton’s list of the scientific thema of ‘disintegration, violence and derangement’ is the theme that is ancestor to them all: dissipation. Though the second law of thermodynamics was developed by Sadi Carnot as early as I824, drawing on work by Fourier earlier in the century, it anticipated many of the scientific developments of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; it was for Eddington ‘so fundamental in physical theory’ that he devoted two chapters of The Nature of the Physical World to it.
Designing the Life of Johnson
Authors: Redford Bruce 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
For over two centuries Boswell’s massive biography of Samuel Johnson has been both reverenced and reviled. Yet neither its admirers nor its critics have fully understood how the book was designed to work upon them. Boswell himself is partly to blame: throughout the Life he directs attention away from artistry to industry, from creative choices to dedicated researches. Yet his working manuscript, one of the twentieth century’s greatest literary discoveries, tells a much different tale. Designing the Life of Johnson, the first study of its kind, reconstructs Boswell’s models and methods by charting this textual labyrinth. It begins by analysing the stages that led to the first edition, goes on to reveal the impact of portrait and theatre-piece upon the structure of the Life, and ends by uncovering the transformation of Johnson from savage into sage. The result is a more subtle, more vital assessment of Boswell the designer – and an enhanced awareness of biography’s power to make life into art.
The Collections of the University
Authors: Impey Oliver 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The way in which the University has collected, displayed, neglected, disposed of, housed, catalogued, studied with, and taught from its varied accumulations of eight hundred-odd years is the subject of this chapter. The University today owns Museums of Art and Archaeology, of Ethnography, of Natural History, and of the History of Science, as well as smaller more specialist collections that are kept separately, such as the Bate Collection of Musical Instruments or the Herbarium. There is a large number of libraries, many of which are subordinate to the great Bodleian Library, a Botanic Garden, an Arboretum, and a nature reserve. There is no zoo; in this respect the University falls short of the seventeenth-century ideal of universality.
The Lancastrian Affinity: Structure, Cost, Composition
Authors: Walker Simon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
How is the Lancastrian affinity to be defined? Three major categories in its composition may be distinguished: (i) household attendants; (ii) indentured retainers; and (iii) estate officials. The members of each category were united by their shared relationship of dependence towards the duke and were generally, though not invariably, rewarded in the same way-by the grant of an annuity assigned on one of the administrative districts, known as receiverships, into which the Lancastrian inheritance was divided. They were distinguished from each other by the type of service required of them. Household attendants were naturally expected to be around the duke’s person for much of the time; their employment was menial, in the strict sense of the term, and comparatively continuous. Indentured retainers, by contrast, were principally required to campaign abroad in the duke’s company. In time of peace they were to be ready at his summons but, save in emergencies, this summons was relatively rare. Estate officials were inevitably required to spend the, majority of their time on the lands in their charge. Although they we essential to the smooth running of the duke’s affairs, their loyalty was as much to the estates they managed as to the person of the duke and their local knowledge was often at the disposal of more than one patron.
The Ruhr Struggle
Authors: Kent Bruce 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Apart from his overriding desire to ingratiate himself with the conservative majority in the Chamber of Deputies, Poincare’s main motives for advocating an occupation of the Ruhr in 192.2. had been to frighten the German government into a more resolute approach to stabilization and fulfilment and to blackmail Britain and the United States into making financial concessions. When both the Germans and the Anglo-Saxons proved impervious to his threats the French premier still went ahead with the invasion in order to save his political skin. Although the Chamber was suitably impressed by his bravado, the operation was bound to be counter-productive because it reduced even further Germany’s propensity to reform and her capacity to pay. It also eliminated entirely the possibility of British and American concessions, disrupted the French economy, and undermined the franc. Even the short-term visible spoils of the Ruhr venture were derisory. Exploitation of the district was impeded not only by the campaign of passive resistance which the German government orchestrated and financed but also by the initial dithering of the occupying authorities and their subsequent failure to assert effective economic control over the region for fear of offending local and international opinion.
‘Let No Man Grasp My Arm’: The Establishment of British Administration in the South 1903—1913
Authors: Lamphear John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Tow ARD the end of 1903 H. Hyde-Baker was replaced as the Collector of Baringo District by Geoffrey Archer, a large, robust man, who took over the administration of the sprawling 10,000 square-mile district with a fresh enthusiasm. He quickly built a new station some miles north of the one held by Hyde-Baker, near the Mugutan River. A community of Pokot living nearby proved to be friendly, and allowed several of their leaders to be named British chiefs.
Introduction: Representing the Past
Authors: Borsay Peter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The genesis of this book lies in the 1970s. It was then, as a postgraduate and new lecturer, that I was working on the history of eighteenth-century Bath, as part of a wider project investigating the development of fashionable culture in English provincial towns between 1660 and 1770. This resulted in the publication of The English Urban Renaissance (1989). The title was chosen to emphasize the dynamic nature of urban life in the post-Restoration years, after what some had argued to be an era of declining cultural prestige for provincial towns, and to stress the classical basis of the revival under way. Having completed a macro-study of this renaissance, it seemed natural to turn my attention to a micro-study of its most dazzling progeny, Georgian Bath. Yet what emerged, as I was drawn into the subject, was not an orthodox local history of the city from 1700 to 1830, but an exploration of the image of Georgian Bath between the early eighteenth century and the late twentieth century. This fundamental change in perspective derived from two impulses; a concern with the manner in which the past is remodelled, repackaged, and redeployed by each generation, and an interest in the process of representation. It is clear, at least in retrospect, that this shift in focus towards the way that the past is constructed and images of it created was a response on my part to the practical activity of making history, and doing so in the changing milieu of the final decades of the twentieth century.
Architecture: Modern and Post-Modern
Authors: Borsay Peter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
During the inter-war years the image of Georgian Bath came to exert a powerful influence on the city’s architectural agenda. However, the contemporaneous rise of the ethos and practice of town planning, though feeding on and reinforcing the image, also threatened it. In the decades after the Second World War these contradictions became all too evident. Not that post-war commentators were any less effusive than their predecessors in praise of the classical achievement. In the 1960s Geoffrey Fletcher observed that ‘the eighteenth century transformed the place [Bath] from a small West Country town to become one of the chief architectural glories of the country’, and Ewart Johns insisted that ‘The outstanding example of the first stage of the classical townscape in this country is Bath’. An important boost to the appreciation of the city’s Georgian landscape was given by the publication, immediately after the end of the war, of two major reappraisals of Bath’s architecture. First in 1947 came Bryan Little’s The Building of Bath, a book primarily focused on the period 1702 to 1850, and in the following year arrived Walter Ison’s Georgian Buildings of Bath, which replaced Green as the authoritative text on the city’s eighteenth-century architecture. It was significant, both in terms of their impact and the importance now attached to its subject, that Little’s and Ison’s studies were produced by London publishers, whereas that of Green had been published in Bath.
Society Under Siege: Germany, 1914-1918
Authors: Offer Avner 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Brigadier-General H. C. Rees emerged from the prisoner-of-war camp at Bad-Colberg, Saxe Meiningen, on 12 December 1918 and reported to London on his first impressions. Germany appears to be completely beaten and disorganized; further hostilities on any appreciable scale are most improbable. The German people are, in my opinion, fully aware of this fact and accept it as a lesser evil than the continuanc:e of the war ... The nation as a whole is on the verge of starvation.
Late-Victorian Britain: An Import Economy
Authors: Offer Avner 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
THE distant causes of Germany ‘s collapse in 1918 may be found on the new frontiers of farming which opened up during the last third of the nineteenth century. In the 1870s the United States emerged as a great food power. Its grain fields and stockyards threatened to overwhelm European rural economies. In response, Britain replaced home-grown calories with imported ones and ran down farming to build up trade. That adjustment forms the subject of the next three chapters: first, the consequences of becoming the world ‘s largest entrepot for food; second, the reasons why British farming was battered so badly by competition from abroad; third, what sort of economies developed to provide Britain with agrarian staples.
Asian Labour On The Pacific Rim: The Struggle For Exclusion, 1860-1907
Authors: Offer Avner 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Australia, New Zealand, British Columbia and California were far away from the North Sea and from the Great Power rivalries of western Europe. Their young economies, however, depended to a greater or lesser extent on European capital and European markets. The Dominion societies looked to Britain for their identities, their institutions and their way of life. To preserve this identity they followed a policy of racial exclusion. The next three chapters consider the costs of racial exclusion and its benefits, how it affected the strategic balance in the North Sea, and how it reinforced the imperial bond in the last years before the First World War.