bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The heat-shock response of developing barley aleurone layers
Authors: Harju Melissa A. , deSouza Sunita , Brodl Mark R. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractAleurone layers of mature germinating barley (Hordeum vulgare, cv. Himalaya) grains respond to heat shock by synthesizing heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and by selectively suppressing the synthesis of proteins normally translated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-bound ribosomes. To determine if this also was the case during seed development, we investigated the synthesis of proteins translated by ER-bound ribosomes in heat-shocked aleurone layers isolated from developing barley grains. The optimal induction temperature for the heat shock response in developing aleurone layers was 37.5°C, and temperatures above 42°C inhibited translation. HSPs with apparent molecular masses of 71.1, 66.2, 57.8, 19.1 and 18.8 kDa were induced. Other studies have shown that, in gibberellic acid (GA)-induced aleurone layers from mature barley grains, these temperatures were 40°C and 45°C, respectively. Furthermore, in developing aleurone layers, mRNAs encoding proteins translated by ER-bound ribosomes (mRNAs for a lipid transfer protein and a putative amylase/protease inhibitor) remained stable during heat shock. The ER membranes themselves remained in stacks, but the lumen became distended with electron-dense material. Heat shock prevented the movement of proteins from the ER into the rest of the endomembrane pathway. In contrast, other studies show that in mature, GA-induced aleurone layers, heat shock dissociates ER stacks and blocks translation, but the processing of secretory proteins in the endomembrane pathway is not inhibited. The observation that the same tissue at different developmental stages may respond differently to heat shock indicates that components of the heat-shock response are developmentally regulated. This system provides an opportunity to better understand the nuances of the heat-shock response, especially the post-transcriptional gene regulatory mechanisms that occur.
The effect of moisture content and prechill duration on dormancy breakage of Douglas fir seeds (Pseudotsuga menziesiivar.menziesii[Mirb.] Franco)
Authors: Gosling Peter G. , Samuel Yvonne , Peace Andrew 
Published: August 2003

AbstractSeeds of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesiivar.menziesii[Mirb.] Franco) were initially germinated at six constant temperatures (10–35°C), following 0–48 weeks incubation under moist conditions at 4°C, i.e. prechill or stratification. The best, single germination temperature was 15°C for determining the efficacy of subsequent dormancy breakage treatments. Seeds from the same seedlot were then adjusted to 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40% moisture contents (mcfw, fresh weight basis), prechilled for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 weeks and transferred to 15°C. A smoothed bivariate spline was used to model the results and showed that virtually all combinations of moisture content and prechill duration significantly stimulated germination capacity, but that the optimal germination percentage (≥93%) was stimulated only by various combinations of between 30 and 35% mcfw and 25 and 48 weeks prechill. At optimal moisture contents (30 and 35%) , extending the prechill duration beyond 48 weeks led to a decrease in germination capacity. This was not due to dormancy reintroduction, but was caused largely by seed death. Regression models using a weighting function, to account for differences in standard deviations, demonstrated significant increases in the mean moisture content of individual seeds at higher moisture contents (≥25%) and longer prechill durations (≥64 weeks) that were concomitant with significant decreases in dry weight. The most likely explanation for this was seed respiration. The combined results suggest that dormancy breakage in Douglas fir seeds requires a hydration level sufficient for respiration to take place, and that, after maximal dormancy release, seeds at the highest mc (35–40%) exhaust their food reserves and begin to deteriorate.
Moderating Effect of Allocentrism on the Pay Referent Comparison–Pay Level Satisfaction Relationship
Authors: Bordia Prashant , Blau Gary 
Published: August 2003

Les comparaisons de rémunération tant à l’interne (comparaison entre sa rémunération et celle d’autres employés dans l’organisation) qu’à l’externe (comparaison entre sa rémunération et le marché), ainsi que le coût de la vie ont été reconnus comme ayant une influence sur la satisfaction face à la rémunération. À partir d’un échantillon d’employés du secteur public et privé en Inde, Bordia et Blau (1998) ont identifié la famille comme autre référant pouvant avoir un effet significatif sur cette satisfaction. Ce résultat fut alors interprété sous la perspective de l’importance de la famille dans des cultures dites “collectivistes”. Dans la présente étude, l’effet modérateur de la variable individuelle allocentrisme‐idiocentrisme (le niveau individuel de conceptualisation du collectivisme‐individualisme) sur la relation référant‐satisfaction a été examiné auprès de 146 employés travaillant dans trois organisations publiques en Inde. Les résultats ont révélé qu’après avoir contrôlé pour l’âge, l’ancienneté et le niveau de rémunération, la comparaison de rémunération explique plus de variance dans la satisfaction face à la rémunération pour les participants allocentriques que pour les idiocentriques. Les résultats ont aussi démontré que la famille et le niveau de rémunération étaient des variables explicatives plus fortes de la satisfaction respectivement pour les allocentriques et les idiocentriques, alors que le coût de la vie s’est révélé une variable significative pour les deux sous‐groupes.Pay referent comparisons (comparisons of one's salary to that of others) such as other‐inside (salary of other people in the organisation), other‐outside (the market rate), and cost‐of‐living, have been shown to influence pay level satisfaction. Bordia and Blau (1998) identified family as another referent that had a significant effect on pay level satisfaction in a sample of public and private sector employees in India. The finding was interpreted in view of the importance of family in collectivistic cultures. In the study reported here, the moderating influence of an individual differences variable, allocentrism–idiocentrism (the individual level conceptualisation of collectivism–individualism) on pay referent comparison–pay level satisfaction relationship was investigated. A sample of 146 employees from three public sector organisations in India participated in the study. In line with the predictions, results showed that after controlling for age, tenure, and pay level, pay referent comparisons explained more variance in pay level satisfaction for allocentrics than for idiocentrics. Family and pay level were stronger explanatory variables of pay level satisfaction for allocentrics and idiocentrics, respectively, while cost of living was a significant explanatory variable for both sub‐groups.
The Influence of Cultural Values on Antecedents of Organisational Commitment: An Individual‐Level Analysis
Authors: Arzu Wasti S. 
Published: August 2003

On s’est demandé dans cette recherche si les valeurs culturelles que sont l’individualisme et le collectivisme évaluées au niveau individuel avaient un impact sur le poids des différents facteurs de l’implication organisationnelle. Il est apparu que la satisfaction due au travail et à l’avancement était le déterminant primaire de l’implication affective et normative des salariés qui adhèrent à l’individualisme. Pour ceux qui s’orientent ver des valeurs collectivistes, être satisfait du supérieur était le facteur essentiel de l’implication, devant la satisfaction relative au travail et à la promotion. Des résultats analogues ont été obtenus pour l’implication à long terme. Bien que certains des antécédents de l’implication organisationnelle soient commun aux deux groupes, l’orientation vers la tâche ou vers les relations varie avec les individus relevant d’orientations culturelles différentes.This study investigated whether cultural values of individualism and collectivism measured at the individual level influence the salience of different antecedents of organisational commitment. The findings indicated that satisfaction with work and promotion are the primary determinants of affective and normative commitment for employees who endorse individualist values. For employees with collectivist values, satisfaction with supervisor was found to be an important commitment antecedent over and above satisfaction with work and promotion. Similar results were obtained for continuance commitment. The results indicate that although some antecedents of organisational commitment are common across the two groups, the emphasis placed on task versus relationships differs across individuals with varying cultural orientations.
Ecological Behavior's Dependency on Different Forms of Knowledge
Authors: Kaiser Florian G. , Fuhrer Urs 
Published: August 2003

Cet article présente trois raisons pour lesquelles l’influence de la connaissance sur le comportement écologique est systématiquement sous‐estimé. Tout d’abord, ce n’est pas la simple masse de connaissances disponibles que détermine le comportement: différentes formes de connaissances doivent converger pour favoriser le comportement écologique. Ensuite, l’impact de la connaissance n’est pas détecté parce que certaines procédures statistiques ne contrôlent pas les erreurs de mesure ni ne révèlent avec précision les influences interférentes. Enfin, les facteurs psychologiques tels que la connaissance ont apparemment une influence limitée sur le comportement écologique en présence de fortes pressions relevant de la situation. Mais quand une évaluation du comportement écologique fait systématiquement appel aux contraintes des situations (application d’un test), on peut s’apercevoir que la connaissance a un impact significatif sur le comportement écologique.The present paper argues for three reasons why knowledge's influence on ecological behavior is underestimated systematically. First, it is not the mere amount of knowledge available that determines behavior. Different forms of knowledge must work together in a convergent manner if they are to foster ecological behavior. Second, knowledge's effect remains undetected also, because some statistical procedures neither correct for measurement error attenuation nor uncover mediated influences accurately. Third, psychological factors such as knowledge apparently have a limited influence on ecological behavior when strong situational constraints are effective. When an ecological behavior measure makes—as a performance test—systematic use of situational influences though, knowledge can be revealed as affecting ecological behavior significantly.
The Effects of Psychosocial Risk and Gender on School Attainment in Guatemala
Authors: Stith Adrienne Y. , Gorman Kathleen S. , Choudhury Naseem 
Published: August 2003

On appréhende dans cette recherche les effets due genre et des facteurs précoces de risque biologique, social et psychologique sur l’obtention d’un diplôme d’études secondaires chez des adolescents ruraux du Guatemala. L’échantillon était composé de 333 jeunes (156 filles et 177 garçons) avec des données sur leur développement et leur santé, des indices cognitifs et des informations familiales remontant à leur petite enfance et à leur période préscolaire. Les résultats montrent que les adolescents qui ont été exposés à un nombre croissant de facteurs de risques précoces avaient une moindre probabilité de dépasser le stade de l’enseignement primaire. De plus, alors que les garçons et les filles avaient subi des risques similaires pendant leur prime enfance, un nombre significativement plus faible de filles poursuivaient leurs études au‐delà de l’enseignement primaire, et un risque accru était en relation avec une moindre probabilité d’atteindre l’enseignement secondaire pour les filles, mais pas pour les garçons. Ces résultats sont rapportés à l’importance de l’éducation scolaire pour le bien‐être économique et social des femmes dans les pays en voie de développement, et pour la santé et le bonheur de leurs enfants.This study examines the effects of gender and early biological, social, and psychological risk factors on secondary school grade attainment in rural Guatemalan adolescents. The present sample comprised 333 adolescents (156 females and 177 males) with available data on growth, health, and cognitive indices as well as family histories measured during infancy and the preschool period. Results indicate that adolescents exposed to increasing numbers of early risk factors were less likely to seek education beyond primary school. Further, while males and females had experienced similar numbers of risks during early childhood, significantly fewer girls pursued education beyond the primary level, and increased risk was associated with decreased likelihood of secondary education for girls but not for boys. These findings are interpreted in light of the importance of formal education for the economic and social welfare of females in developing countries and for the health and well‐being of their children.
The Use of a Test for Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Rigidity for Dutch Immigrant Job‐applicants
Authors: Nijenhuis Jan te , Van Der Flier Henk , Van Leeuwen Liesbeth 
Published: August 2003

Peut‐on extrapoler les dimensions Névrotisme, Extraversion et Rigidité aux groupes d’immigrés aux Pays‐Bas ? Et est‐il pertinent d’utiliser les scores de l’IRT dans l’évaluation des candidats à un emploie relevant de ces populations (L’IRT est le test de Rigidité de l’Institut de Psychologie clinique et industrielle de l’Université d’Utrecht aux Pays‐Bas) ? On a exploité les données issues de tests d’autochtones (N= 796) et d’immigrants de la première genération (N= 1,302) postulant en vue de postes ouvriers dans les Chemins de Fer néerlandais. Il est apparu que les échelles mesuraient les mêmes concepts dans les différents groupes et que la majorité des items avaient la même signification. La typologie peut par suite être transposée aux populations migrantes et le questionnaire peut être valablement utilisé pour effectuer des comparaisons dans des groupes culturellement homogénes de migrants candidats à un emploi nés à l’étranger et dont le néerlandais n’est pas la langue maternelle. Des travaux complémentaires sont indispenables pour s’assurer qu‐un même positionnement sur les échelles de personnalité pour des individus issus de différents groupes détermine bien un même comportement professionnel.The questions addressed are whether a taxonomy with the basic dimensions Neuroticism and Extraversion and the dimension Rigidity can be generalised to immigrant groups in the Netherlands, and whether scores on the IRT (ICIP [Institute for Clinical and Industrial Psychology, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands] Rigidity Test) can be used for assessment of job applicants within these groups. Use was made of test data on first‐generation immigrants (N= 1,302) and majority group members (N= 796) applying for blue‐collar jobs at Dutch Railways. The scales appear to measure the same constructs in the various groups and the majority of the items do not show differential item functioning. Therefore the taxonomy can be generalised to immigrant populations and the questionnaire can be put to good use for comparisons within culturally homogeneous groups of non‐native born, non‐native language immigrant job applicants. More research is needed to determine whether the same position on the personality scales for persons from different groups leads to the same job‐related social behavior.
The Transparent Assessment Centre: The Effects of Revealing Dimensions to Candidates
Authors: Kolk Nanja J. , Born Marise Ph. , Der Flier Henk van 
Published: August 2003

Quelles retombées peut avoir le fait de dévoiler aux participants les dimensions mesurées dans un centre d’évaluation ? Cette question est abordée dans deux études indépendantes qui font appel à des exercices individuels. Les résultats de la première étude n’indiquent aucune différence dans la validité de construction entre un groupe d’étudiants universitaires “transparent” (N= 99) et un autre “non transparent” (N= 50) ; ceci est contraire à ce qu’avaient trouvéKleinmann & al. (1996) et Kleinmann (1997) avec des exercices de groupe. Les évaluations moyennes ne changent pas à l’exception de la “sensibilité” qui augmente légèrement avec la transparence. Par contre, les résultats de la deuxième étude, qui faisait appel à un échantillon de candidats à un poste réel, débouchèrent sur une amélioration significative de la validité de construction chez le groupe “transparent” (N= 297) pa rapport au group “non transparent” (N= 393). La encore, les évaluation moyennes des deux groupes n’ont pas différé. Les apports de ces résultats pour la pratique et des suggestions pour de futures recherches sont présentés dans cet article.What are the effects of revealing dimensions to candidates in an assessment centre? This question is addressed in two independent studies, using individual exercises. Results in Study 1 showed no difference in construct‐related validity between a transparent (N= 99) and a non‐transparent group of university students (N= 50), contrary to previous findings by Kleinmann, Kuptsch, and Köller (1996) and Kleinmann (1997), who used group exercises. Also, mean ratings did not alter, the exception being the dimension “Sensitivity”, which increased slightly after the transparency treatment. Conversely, results in Study 2, which contained a sample of actual job applicants, showed a significant improvement in construct‐related validity for the transparent group (N= 297) compared with the non‐transparent group (N= 393). Again, mean ratings did not differ between these two groups. Implications of these findings for practice and suggestions for future research are discussed in this paper.
Ökonomie der Grundlagenforschung und Wissenschaftspolitik
Authors: Hoppe Heidrun C. , Pfähler Wilhelm 
Published: August 2003

Abstract This paper has four major objectives. The first is to emphasize the fundamental but mostly overlooked role of instrumentation and experimental technique in linking basic and applied research. The second is to provide an overview of the major economic effects of basic research investments. The third is to discuss reasons for public provision and support of basic research. And the fourth aim is to argue in favour of a reorientation of science policy towards the support of instrumentation and education in experimental laboratories.
Intrinsische Motivation und umweltpolitische Instrumente
Authors: Gawel Erik 
Published: August 2003

Abstract In the discussion on the rational choice model of individual behavior, a growing emphasis has recently been placed on the importance of intrinsic motivation. Contrary to assumptions made in the standard economic literature, it is suggested that an individual's motivation to act may not be exclusively determined by external influences (incentives, restrictions) and (given) personal preferences, but, in addition, depends on intrinsically anchored ethical preferences. Intrinsic motivation may diminish if parallel external incentives, such as rewards or orders, come into play: Insofar as external intervention weakens the corresponding intrinsic motivation to act, the (normal) effect of relative prices is opposed by a (countervailing) crowding-out effect of intrinsic motivation. The effect of (over-) crowding-out has been thematized especially in the context of environmental policy. It was suggested that subsidies may support intrinsic incentives whereas taxes and licences (especially though command-and-control measures) tend to undermine them. This paper critically analyzes the impact of intrinsic behavior considerations on the evaluation of environmental policy instruments. It is argued that, if at all, economists' standard recommendations for policy design with respect to subsidies need not be revised even if intrinsic motivation plays any role for the agents' environmental bevavior. Furthermore, command-and-control policy might rather support than weaken intrinsic motivation.
Der deutsche Telekommunikationsmarkt zwei Jahre nach der vollständigen Marktöffnung: Eine Bestandsaufnahme aus Sicht der Verbraucher
Authors: Götz Georg 
Published: August 2003

Abstract This paper describes the development of the German telecommunications sector in the aftermath of complete liberalization. The paper focuses on the effects on the consumers. I present data showing the speed with which new firms entered the market. As a result of entry, rates for long distance and international calls fell drastically. In the local loop, however, competition hardly exists and the rates for local calls are unchanged. The paper also discusses questions concerning consumer rights. A particular concern is that it is still difficult for many consumers to get sufficient information on rates.
Was Ökonomen lesen und schätzen: Ergebnisse einer Umfrage
Authors: Bräuninger Michael , Haucap Justus 
Published: August 2003

Abstract This paper summarizes the main results of a survey, which we conducted in May 2000 among German-speaking economists about their views on economics publications. Our results indicate that the world market for economics publications is not fully integrated across countries, but it appears to be at least partially segmented. Economics journals published in German-speaking countries appear to be relatively important for the work of German-speaking economists even though other journals have a better reputation among them. And although internationally reputed journals enjoy the highest reputation among Germanspeaking economists, domestic economic journals enjoy a higher reputation than would be justified according to international citation-based rankings. Especially older German-speaking economists tend to attach relatively high importance and reputation to domestic journals, while younger economists tend to favour international journals that focus on certain subfields of economics.
Wege zur Sicherung der Qualität im Gesundheitswesen: Theorie und Praxis
Authors: Sauerland Dirk 
Published: August 2003

Abstract In order to keep premium rates for Statutory Health Insurance (SHI) stable, German health policy designed several cost-containment acts since 1989. Within these reform acts budgets for SHI-expenditures were introduced in 1997, and reimbursement schemes were changed from fee-for-service-payments to capitation and flat rates per case. This article discusses the possible effects of these institutional changes on the quality of health care. It then demonstrates the weaknesses of the regulatory strategy for quality assurance pursued by German health policy. Finally, it outlines a two-tier strategy based on regulatory and competitive elements to ensure a high quality of care.
Schattenwirtschaft und Schwarzarbeit – Eine wirtschafts- und gesellschaftspolitische Herausforderung
Authors: Enste Dominik H. 
Published: August 2003

Abstract The growing shadow economy in Germany is a challenge to the welfare state and economic policy. The burden of taxation and social security contributions combined with rising state regulatory activities are the main causes for the increase in the shadow economy. The consequences are ambivalent, since illicit work can increase welfare and boost institutional change but can also lead to a crisis of the welfare state. A substantial reform of the social security system and the tax system can reduce the incentives to use the `exit option’. In addition, the use of the `voiceoption’ must become more attractive.