bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appetite for information in the hobby of cooking
Authors: Hartel Jenna 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis project examines the role that information plays in the hobby of gourmet cooking in the United States. While still in the groundwork stages of what will be an extended investigation, the ultimate aim is to address the question: How does information play a role in cooking, and ultimately, in the everyday pleasures of life? As a first step, a pilot study will be conducted in summer 2002 to establish defining characteristics of hobbyist cooks in terms of general behaviors, with attention to their information use. This will be followed by interviews with 15‐20 cooks over the course of the next year. The inquiry is innovative due to its: (1) commitment to view information as it is submerged in an enjoyable aspect of day‐to‐day life; (2) consideration of text and non‐traditional information sources such as human relationships and hands‐on experiences; and (3) interdisciplinary approach that borrows models from other social sciences.
The digital divide: Who really benefits from the proposed solutions for closing the gap
Authors: Houston Roland D. , Erdelez Sanda 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe authors conducted an exploratory content analysis of 269 English language articles about the digital divide to identify potential connections between proposed solutions and the strategic interests of the proposers, or stakeholders. Articles were coded by type of suggested solution and by type of stakeholder offering the solution. Educators predominated in the study literature, stressing the need for a change in Internet connectivity, educational content, and a change in user education, socioeconomic status (SES), and culture. The digital industry provided the next largest number of articles, suggesting governmental policy changes to promote new equipment, increased Internet connectivity, the training of digital industry workers, and a change in content of the Internet. Articles from the nondigital business community suggested that no gap existed or that market dynamics (the status quo) would close it.
Using social network analysis to study the interaction patterns in an online knowledge community
Authors: Heath Angela 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTraditional group study methodologies focus on the study of individuals that comprise a group. Social Network Analysis (SNA) focuses on the relationships between members that make up a group. This research demonstrates the use of SNA and content analysis as a mixed methodology for studying interaction patterns of members in a Web‐based knowledge community. Since this project is an initial investigation, further questions and directions will be included.
A conceptual model for cataloging process
Authors: Taniguchi Shoichi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper proposes a general model for the cataloging process at the conceptual level or, to be precise, a method to develop such a conceptual model. A general model independent of any situation/system or cataloging code is developed in the four phases. Functional and non‐functional requirements are first specified by use of the concept ‘orientedness.’ Second, a core model is build, which consists of (a) cataloger tasks, (b) basic event patterns under each task, (c) action patterns applicable to each event, and (d) orientedness involved in an event‐action pair. Third, the core model is propagated to reflect the characteristics of an individual data element and also a certain class of materials. Finally, the propagated model is defined by choosing pairs of event and action patterns in the model while referring to orientedness indicated in each event‐action pair, in order to match a particular situation. As a result, a set of event‐action pairs reflecting specific requirements through categories of orientedness is obtained, and consistent conceptual design can therefore be attained.
The impact of the introduction of web information systems (WIS) on information policies: An analysis of the Canadian federal government policies related to WIS*
Authors: Dufour Christine , Bergeron Pierrette 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis communication presents the results of an analysis of the Canadian federal government information policies that govern its Web information systems (WIS). The goal of this study was to better understand how the Canadian federal government has adapted its information policies to the WIS. A side‐by‐side analysis of 53 policy instruments was done. The results indicate that the Canadian federal government has crafted new instruments to take into account the WIS context. These policies build upon generic information management and information technologies policy instruments. These policy instruments have a good coverage of the tasks underlying the WIS life‐cycle. Among the many players present in the policy instruments, one of the key player is the Treasury Board Secretariat that plays an important coordination and evaluation role.
Weighted Markov chains and graphic state nodes for information retrieval
Authors: Benoit G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDecision‐making in uncertain environments, such as data mining, involves a computer user navigating through multiple steps, from initial submission of a query through evaluating retrieval results, determining degrees of acceptability of the results, and advancing to a terminal state of evaluating where the interaction is successful or not. This paper describes iterative information seeking (IS) as a Markov process during which users advance through states of “nodes”. Nodes are graphic objects on a computer screen that represent both the state of the system and the group of users' or an individual user's degree of confidence in an individual node. After examining nodes to establish a confidence level, the system records the decision as weights affecting the probability of the transition paths between nodes. By training the system in this way, the model incorporates into the underlying Markov process users' decisions as a means to reduce uncertainty. The Markov chain becomes a weighted one whereby the IS makes justified suggestions.
Exploration of a geometric model of data fusion
Authors: Ibraev Ulukbek , Ng Kwong Bor , Kantor Paul B. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSome aspects of Data Fusion (DF) for Information Retrieval (IR) are explored using a set of data from the Fifth International Conference on Text Retrieval, TREC5. It has been observed from time to time that DF applied to a pair of systems or schemes for IR may yield results that are better than those of either participating scheme. It has been conjectured that this occurs only rarely, or occurs only when poor schemes are being combined, or occurs only for problems in which there are so few relevant documents that the results are probably due to statistical fluctuation. Based on a geometrical model of DF, we derive an equation for effective DF. This equation shows that in the ideal case the performance of a pair of IR schemes may be aproximated by a quadratic polynomial. We statistically test this assumption for TREC5 Routing data. Results of the regression analysis shows that our equation for the effect of DF is generally valid.
Global vs. localized search: A comparison of database selection methods in a hierarchical environment
Authors: Conrad Jack G. , Claussen Joanne Smestad , Yang Changwen 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this work, we compare standard global IR searching with more localized techniques to address the database selection problem. We conduct a series of experiments to compare the retrieval effectiveness of three separate search modes using a hierarchically structured data environment of textual databse representations. The data environment is represented as a tree‐like structure containing over 15,000 unique databases and approximately 100,000 total leaf nodes. The search modes consist of varying degrees of browse and search, from a global search at the root node to a refined search at a sub‐node using dynamically‐calculated inverse document frequencies (idfs) to score the candidate databases for probable relevance. Our findings indicate that a browse plus search approach that relies upon localized searching from sub‐nodes in this environment produces the most effective results.
Semantic markup for literary scholars: How descriptive markup affects the study and teaching of literature
Authors: Campbell D. Grant 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper describes a qualitative study, which investigated the attitudes of literary scholars towards the features of semantic markup for primary texts. The scholars were shown seven variations of the same text in XML format, each varying according to the two main features of semantic markup: the separation of structure from layout, and the ability to add interpretive markup to enhance searchability. The responses suggest that, contrary to many popular assumptions, layout is a vital part of the reading process, which implies that the standardization of DTDs begun with the Text Encoding Initiative should extend to styling as well. Second, interpretive markup achieves problematic results: while searchability is improved, the markup threatens to inhibit the reader's experience of the text.
An application practice of the IFLA FRBR model a metadata case study for the National Palace Museum in Taipei
Authors: Chen Ya‐ning , Lin Simon C. , Chen Shu‐jiun 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn 1998, the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) model which is composed of four entities (work, expression, manifestation and item) and their associative relationships (primary, responsibility and subject), was proposed by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA). The FRBR model can be deployed as a logical framework for proceeding content‐based analysis and developing metadata format. This paper presents a case study of the National Palace Museum (NPM) in Taipei to examine the feasibility of the FRBR model. Based on the examination of case study at the NPM, the FRBR model is proven to be a useful and fundamental framework for content‐based analysis and metadata implementation. We find that the FRBR model is helpful in identifying proper metadata elements organization and their distribution over the FRBR entities. Basically, this model is more suitable for media‐centric and association‐rich contents. However, in order to refine the FRBR model as a common framework for metadata, it would also require supportive mechanisms for management responsibility relationships for the workflow consideration and functionality elements for preservation purpose.
Separating the knowledge layers: Cognitive analysis of search knowledge through hierarchical goal decompositions
Authors: Bhavnani Suresh K. , Bates Marcia J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHierarchical goal decompositions have proved to be a useful method to make explicit the knowledge required by users to perform tasks in a wide range of applications such as computer‐aided drafting (CAD) systems. This analysis method progressively decomposes a given task starting from the task layer on the top of the decomposition, to the keystroke layer at the bottom. The analysis enables a close inspection of the knowledge required to perform the task at each layer of the decomposition. In this paper we show how the method of hierarchical goal decomposition can be used to understand more precisely the knowledge that is required to perform information search tasks. The analysis pinpoints: (1) the critical strategies in the intermediate layers of knowledge that are known by experts searchers; (2) why such knowledge is difficult to acquire by novice searchers; (3) how the analysis provides testable predictions of behavior based on the acquisition of different types of knowledge. We conclude by discussing the advantages provided by hierarchical goal decompositions, and how such an approach can lead to the design of systems and training.
Probing the process of information source selection using Palm Pilots: A pilot study
Authors: Shim Wonsik 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe paper describes a pilot study that used PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants or Palm Pilots) to collect data on the information seeking habits of eight undergraduate students. Each student carried a PDA and recorded their information tasks, reasons for those tasks, and an evaluation of the information sources they used. In addition to their own information seeking behaviors in natural settings, the students also performed a set of assigned information seeking tasks. Each information task was treated as a discrete incident. A total of 287 incidents were collected. The data shows that for the majority of the tasks, the students used Internet search engines quite heavily. The data also shows that most information searches do not extend beyond the use of the first information source chosen. This paper describes the methodologies used and discusses how PDAs can be utilized to gather the information seeking behaviors of users.
Locally controlled scholarly publishing via the internet: The guild model
Authors: Kling Rob , Spector Lisa , McKim Geoff 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMany librarians and scholars believe that the Internet can be used to dramatically improve scholarly communication. During the last decade there has been substantial discussion of five major publishing models where readers could access articles without a fee: electronic journals, hybrid paper‐electronic journals, authors' self‐posting on web sites, free online access to all peer reviewed literature, and disciplinary repositories where authors post their own unrefereed articles. There have been numerous projects within each of these models, as well as extensive discussions about their strengths and limitations. While some of these projects have become important scholarly resources in specific disciplines; none of them has become commonplace across numerous disciplines. There is a sixth model that has been quietly adopted and developed in a number of disciplines – the research publication series called working papers or technical reports that are sponsored by academic departments or research institutes. Many of these manuscript series are available to readers, online, and free of charge. This model – which we call Guild Publishing – has a distinct set of advantages and limitations when compared with the other five publishing models. This article explains the Guild Publishing Model, provides some examples, and discusses its strengths and limitations.
Information failures and catastrophes: What can we learn by linking information studies and disaster research?
Authors: Macintosh‐Murray Anu , Choo Chun Wei 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe genesis and context of disasters and mishaps raise a set of topics that are of interest for Information Studies; namely, the contributions of information failures as precursors to, as opposed to outcomes of, disasters. There is much to be learned by relating the research in three key areas: disasters, information use environments and behaviours, and culture (i.e., cultural knowledge, and information, safety, and organizational cultures). Patient safety failures in hospitals provide both a timely context and practical examples to illustrate these connections. This paper highlights the linkages and raises questions for information professionals and for future research.
Towards effective evaluation of digital community information systems
Authors: Unruh Kenton T. , Pettigrew Karen E. , Durrance Joan C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDigital Community Information Systems (CIS) are increasing in both size and scale. These systems help people obtain community information (CI) for the myriad situations that arise in everyday life. As these systems migrate to the online environment, increasing complexities and scale provide the impetus for improvements in system design. System re‐design, however, relies on the effective evaluation of digital CIS. Despite the plethora of evaluation frameworks from the systems, organizational, and information retrieval fields, minimal research has directly addressed the issue of digital CIS evaluation. Following a selective review of digital CIS and evaluation approaches, a layered evaluation framework is proposed to guide the evaluation of digital CIS.
Multimodal bivariate thematic maps: Auditory and haptic display
Authors: Jeong Wooseob , Gluck Myke 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of multimodal bivariate thematic maps by utilizing auditory and haptic displays. With four different modes of display, the completion time of tasks and the recall (retention) rate were measured in two separate experiments. In terms of the completion time, haptic displays seem to interfere with other modalities. However, Color‐Auditory displays performed similarly to Color‐Color displays. For the recall rate, multimodal displays have higher recall rate, with users performing the best on Auditory‐Haptic displays. These findings confirmed the possibility of using auditory and haptic displays in visually dominant geographic information systems (GIS). We speculate that the natural quantitative hierarchies in auditory and haptic displays provide an advantage in the use of multimodal displays.
A model for personal assistance in complex information spaces
Authors: Pereira Javier , Englmeier Kurt , Rojas Claudio 
Published: January 2005

AbstractQualitatively enhanced access to data collections requires a more meaningful interface which endows the users with personal agents that are easily adaptable to the users' individual retrieval preferences. Tracking individual needs of users leads to personal digital assistance that appears in the system's interaction mode as the user's personal software agent. The main objective of personal assistance as envisaged here is enabling the system to give the users recommendations that are derived from best practive in information search processes. Best practice reflects the knowledge about how users perform successful retrieval activities and attempt to define the best ways of searching large document collections. Best practices are developed on an individual as well as on a community base.The model presented here was developed for the information system IRAIA, a portal for economic information from huge data collections of Economic Research Institutes (ERI) and National Statistical Institutions (NSI). The personal agent draws on IRAIA's model of context‐oriented retrieval and observe, record and analye the users' search and navigation by applying concepts of the respective taxonomies.
Examining the relationships among user involvement, profile quality, and information filtering performance
Authors: Zhange Junliang , Mostafa Javed 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThree major types of user profile acquisition modes employed in diverse filtering systems were identified: a rule‐based user driven mode, an explicit‐learning mode, and an explicit‐learning mode. The main goal of this study was to clarify the influence of different levels of user involvement in these three profile acquisition modes and their impact on profile accuracy and filtering performance. Three versions of a filtering system utilizing the different acquisition modes and a baseline version without a profile acquisition mode were developed. Thirty‐five students were recruited from the Indiana University and were randomly assigned to the four different types of systems (i.e., four experimental groups were formed). Results obtained from the four groups showed that different profile acquisition modes had varying impact on profile accuracy and filtering performance.
Evaluating interest profiles based on users' judgment, interest change, and class specificity in the context of filtering medical documents
Authors: Quiroga Luz M. , Mostafa Javed 
Published: January 2005

AbstractQuality of profiles is critical for the performance of information filtering systems. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate factors that can impact the profile acquisition process. Profiles in MedSIFTER, the system used in the study, are represented as degrees of interests over a set of fixed classes and for this research were based on established MeSH categories. We collected data from 12 subjects, who used the system in a mode where profile acquisition is exclusively based on feedback provision. User‐provided profiles, machine‐built profiles, transaction log records and written statements of subjects were the main empirical data. Profile similarities and consistency of feedback with explicit preferences for classes were measured. Results suggested that the system captured user preferences better when these preferences involved specific classes and when the user preferences didn't change significantly. Feedback assessments were more conducive to the representation of user preferences when these preferences involved specific classes. Discrepancies between what the subjects stated, when explicitly expressing their preferences, and what they actually did, when providing feedback, pointed to key factors related to the representation and modeling of the documents and profiles.
Influences of demographic characteristics of community network users on their perceptions and use of the network
Authors: Kwon Nahyun 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis study attempted to identify the generally unknown demographic profiles of current community network users. The study also attempted to examine how an individual's demographic characteristics affect use when perceptions and attitudes are taken into account. Data were collected from 417 randomly selected current and former users of a community network in a Midwestern U.S. community, using both mail and Web survey questionnaires. The study findings showed that community network services seem to have reached a broad range of the population, in contrast to the earlier perception of typical Internet or community network users as highly educated young males with high incomes. The study also showed that demographic variables were not effective predictors of use. These findings would help to assess the degree to which a community network's primary goal, providing equal access to the Internet for local residents, is being achieved. The study findings would also help community network providers to redesign their services according to the changing demographic characteristics of their targeted users.
The U.S. Library Program: Analysis of the Impact on Staff in Louisiana Public Libraries
Authors: Robins David , King Monica , Landry David O. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe U.S. Library Program is in the process of donating computers to public library buildings across the country. This paper reports the results of a survey conducted shortly after the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, through its U.S. Library Program, awarded a statewide grant of computers and software to public libraries in the state of Louisiana. The aim of the survey was to gather data about the grant's impact on, staff in these libraries, many of which had no prior implementation of computing technology.