bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caustic recovery from caustic-containing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) washing wastewater generated during the recycling of plastic bottles
Authors: Alterkaoui Aya , Eskikaya Ozan , Keskinler Bulent , Dizge Nadir , Balakrishnan Deepanraj , Hiremath Pavan , Naik Nithesh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To prevent water scarcity, wastewater must be discharged to the surface or groundwater after being treated. Another method is to reuse wastewater in some areas after treatment and evaluate it as much as possible. In this study, it is aimed to recover and reuse the caustic (sodium hydroxide, NaOH) used in the recycling of plastic bottles from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) washing wastewater. Chemical substances used in the industry will be significantly reduced with chemical recovery from wastewater. Ultrafiltration (UP150) and nanofiltration (NP010 and NP030) membranes were used for this purpose in our study. Before using nanofiltration membranes, pre-treatment was performed with coagulation-flocculation process to reduce the pollutant accumulation on the membranes. Different coagulants and flocculants were used to find suitable coagulants and flocculants in pre-treatment. The pre-treated wastewater using aluminum oxide, which supplied the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (76.0%), was used in a dead-end filtration system to be filtered through NP010 and NP030 membranes at different pressures (10–30 bar). In the same filtration system, raw wastewater was filtered through a UP150 membrane. Among these treatment scenarios, the best method that could remove pollutants and provide NaOH recovery was selected. After each treatment, pH, conductivity, COD, and NaOH analyses were performed. The maximum NaOH recovery (98.6%) was obtained with the UP150 membrane at 5 bar.
Biocementation beyond the Petri dish, scaling up to 900 L batches and a meter-scale column
Authors: Terzis Dimitrios , Perego Camilla , Cappa Margherita , Pianta Elisa , Mauri Federica , Principi Pamela 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP), which leverages ureolytic microorganisms, has received significant attention during the past decade as a promising method for sustainable building and geoenvironmental applications. However, transitioning from lab-scale experimentation to volumes suitable for practical use poses challenges. This study addresses these obstacles by screening and analyzing over 50 strains sourced from (i) a natural environment in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland; (ii) microorganism banks; and (iii) an industry-scale bioreactor. Several ureolytic Sporosarcina species have been identified in the natural environment, and their ureolytic potential has been compared with that of other strains. A reference, banked microorganism yielded the highest ureolysis rate. When this latter strain was inoculated in 900 L batches and continuously cultivated at 5400 L, no contamination issues were observed, and the reference strain remained the dominant species. The produced culture, obtained under an optimized medium composition involving the circular valorization of NH4
+, was subsequently used to induce the biocementation of a 650 kg column of 0–1 mm sand. The results reveal the successful stabilization of the whole mass, with undrained Tresca strength values ranging from 90 to 140 kPa. This research lays the groundwork for scalable MICP production, which is capable of meeting the demands of real-world building and geoenvironmental projects.
Design of a novel robust adaptive backstepping controller optimized by snake algorithm for buck‐boost converter
Authors: Mohammadi Farshid , Kaffash Ali , Donyagozashteh Zahra , Marasi Minoo , Tavakoli Mojtaba 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA power DC‐DC Buck‐Boost converter is controlled using a Lyapunov‐based Adaptive Backstepping Control (ABSC) technique. It exhibits unfavorable behavior due to its non‐minimum structure, necessitating a well‐regulated controller to guarantee stability. This strategy is an enhanced iteration of the technique that uses the stability Lyapunov function to achieve greater stability and improved resistance to disturbances in real‐world scenarios. Furthermore, the Black‐box technique is employed to minimize the computing workload and facilitate implementation, under the assumption that there is no precise mathematical model available for the system. However, in real‐time settings, disruptions with broader scopes such as fluctuations in supply voltage, variations in parameters, and noise might have adverse effects on the functioning of this approach. There is a need to set the most suitable initial gains for the controller to enhance its flexibility in more challenging working conditions. Therefore, to meet this requirement and enhance the effectiveness of the controller, the control scheme integrates a computational method called the Snake optimization (SO) algorithm. The SO method is known for its disciplined and nature‐inspired approach, which results in faster decision‐making and greater accuracy compared to other optimization algorithms. In order to further explain the advantages of this method, classical Backstepping and SO‐based PID schemes are also developed and evaluated in various scenarios. The effectiveness of this approach is tested in both simulation and experimental environments, showing significant outcomes and lower sensitivity to error.
Improved loss minimisation control for interior permanent magnet synchronous motor based on loss angle optimisation
Authors: Chen Qihuai , Hu Jiaxing , Lin Tianliang , Fu Shengjie , Ren Haoling 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDue to their high power density and superior drive performance, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are extensively utilised in the mobile machine traction systems. Traditional id = 0 control produces relatively low torque per unit of current and is suitable for non‐flux‐weakening control. Traditional maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control can enhance the torque output capability per unit of current, and is mainly used for interior PMSMs (IPMSMs) with salient poles. However, neither id = 0 control nor MTPA control fully considers the impact of copper losses, iron losses, and variations in motor parameters, resulting in suboptimal control efficiency of the PMSM. In this paper, to further enhance the energy efficiency of IPMSMs, models for iron loss and copper loss in IPMSMs are constructed and analysed. Compared to existing minimum loss optimisation algorithms, a minimum loss angle vector control method based on the loss models is proposed. The particle swarm optimisation algorithm is employed to achieve globally optimal d‐q axis current distribution. In addition, considering the influence of parameter variations during the operation of IPMSMs on the efficiency improvement control, online parameter identification of the motor is investigated. Consider the impact of parameter variations on motor performance when using traditional proportional integral (PI) control, a neural network is employed for online tuning of the speed loop of IPMSMs. Experimental research is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed online tuning control algorithm exhibits superior control performance compared to the traditional PI control. Specifically, during the startup phase, the overshoot is reduced by 61.54%, and the adjust time is decreased by 33%. When load variations cause changes in rotational speed, the overshoot is red uced by 33%–60%, and the adjust time is shortened by 34%–50%. Furthermore, the minimum loss angle control can improve energy efficiency by more than 20% compared to id = 0 control, and by 6%–10% compared to MTPA control.
Development of a scaled‐down single‐viaduct model for comprehensive rail potential monitoring and stray current analysis
Authors: Chuchit Tawat , Ratniyomchai Tosaphol , Kulworawanichpong Thanatchai , Sumpavakup Chaiyut 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis research investigates the intricate relationship between load variations, environmental conditions, and the resultant stray current generation within DC railway systems. A scaled‐down single‐viaduct model was employed to establish a controlled experimental environment for real‐time monitoring of voltage differentials between the railway tracks and the grounding structure. This research developed a stray current monitoring system for a scaled‐down single‐viaduct model. The system comprises of a power supply, voltage and current measurement capabilities at the power supply, and two levels of stray current measurements at each point. Data such as ambient temperature and humidity, current and voltage at the power supply, and voltage differentials between the railway tracks and the grounding structure are recorded using an Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller. It is hypothesised that stray currents, quantified as voltage differentials between the tracks and the grounding structure, vary in response to changes in load and environmental conditions. Experiments were conducted under various scenarios: variable load, constant load with rain, and constant load across different seasons. The results indicated that with a variable load, the voltage between the tracks increased. During constant load with rain, the average voltage between the tracks rose due to decreased insulation between the tracks and the grounding structure. Lastly, under constant load across different seasons, the most significant voltage change was observed during the rainy season. The findings demonstrate a significant correlation between these variables, with a pronounced influence of environmental conditions, particularly precipitation, on voltage fluctuations. These results underscore the critical importance of effective stray current mitigation strategies for safeguarding the integrity of railway infrastructure and ensuring the safety of personnel. The study offers a valuable contribution to the understanding of stray current phenomena and provides essential insights for the development of advanced protection systems.
Bootstrapping vision–language transformer for monocular 3D visual grounding
Authors: Lei Qi , Sun Shijie , Song Xiangyu , Song Huansheng , Feng Mingtao , Wu Chengzhong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn the task of 3D visual grounding using monocular RGB images, it is a challenging problem to perceive visual features and accurately predict the localization of 3D objects based on given geometric and appearances descriptions. Traditional text‐guided attention‐based methods have achieved better results than baselines, but it is argued that there is still potential for improvement in the area of multi‐modal fusion. Thus, Mono3DVG‐TRv2, an end‐to‐end transformer‐based architecture that employs a visual‐text multi‐modal encoder for the alignment and fusion of multi‐modal features, incorporating an enhanced transformer module proven in 2D detection, is introduced. The depth features predicted by the multi‐modal features and the visual‐text features are associated with the learnable queries in the decoder, facilitating more efficient and effective acquisition of geometric information in intricate scenes. Following a comprehensive comparison and ablation study on the Mono3DRefer dataset, this method achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance, markedly surpassing the prior approach. The code will be released at https://github.com/Jade-Ray/Mono3DVGv2.
Multimode resonant microstrip antennas with electrically small patch and frequency scannable circularly polarised angle
Authors: Ji Fei‐Yan , Lu Wen‐Jun , Mao Xiao‐Hui , Zhu Lei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSemi‐analytical design approach to electrically small, dual‐mode resonant, wideband circularly polarised (CP) microstrip annular sector patch antenna (MASPA) with variable polarization is proposed for satellite‐assisted Internet‐of‐vehicle (IoV). At first, the upper bound of electrically small patch is theoretically laid down by advancing an interpolated algorithm to the eigen‐roots of the characteristic equation, so that the radius of patch can be rapidly determined in the initial design step. In this way, MASPA with electrically small patch, multimode resonant, and frequency scannable CP angle can be yielded. Dual‐mode resonant MASPAs with flare angles of 330° on air substrate, and 270° on suspended microstrip air/F4B substrates having a profile less than 0.05‐wavelength are then numerically studied and experimentally validated. In the suspended microstrip case, MASPA with maximum patch radius of 0.159‐wavelength (electrically small), equal impedance and tilted CP bandwidths up to 26.6%, and tilted CP angle of θt = −10°–35°, has been successfully implemented. Therefore, the proposed approach should be highly effective for low‐profile, electrically small, wideband CP antenna designs.
Priority‐based resource optimisation and user association in integrated networks
Authors: Sharif Sana , Manzoor Shahid , Ejaz Waleed 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe future sixth‐generation (6G) networks are envisioned to integrate satellites, aerial, ground, and sea networks to provide seamless connectivity. However, some challenges are associated with integrated networks, including optimal resource utilisation, energy efficiency, delay, higher data rates, heterogeneity, and on‐demand connectivity. This paper focuses on optimising energy efficiency, resource utilisation, and task priority‐based user association. To achieve this, a mathematical framework is formulated to maximise energy efficiency, resource utilisation, and user connectivity in integrated networks while satisfying constraints related to transmit power, data rate, and computation resources. The formulated problem is a binary linear programming problem, as the decision variable is binary and the constraints are linear. The authors solve this optimisation problem using three methods: the branch and bound algorithm (BBA), the interior point method (IPM), and the barrier simplex algorithm (BSA). The authors use the results obtained from BBA as a benchmark to evaluate the performance of IPM and BSA. Simulation results show that the performance of IPM and BSA is comparable to the BBA but with lower complexity.
Characterising WASP-43b’s interior structure: Unveiling tidal decay and apsidal motion
Authors: Bernabò L. M. , Csizmadia Sz. , Smith A. M. S. , Harre J.-V. , Kálmán Sz. , Cabrera J. , Rauer H. , Gandolfi D. , Pino L. , Ehrenreich D. , Hatzes A. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Recent developments in exoplanetary research highlight the importance of Love numbers in understanding the internal dynamics, formation, migration history, and potential habitability of exoplanets. Love numbers represent crucial parameters that gauge how exoplanets respond to external forces such as tidal interactions and rotational effects. By measuring these responses, insights into the internal structure, composition, and density distribution of exoplanets can be gained. The rate of apsidal precession of a planetary orbit is directly linked to the second-order fluid Love numbers. Thus, Love numbers can also offer valuable insights into the mass distribution of a planet.
Aims. In this context, we aim to re-determine the orbital parameters of WASP-43b – in particular, the orbital period, eccentricity, and argument of the periastron – and its orbital evolution. We study the outcomes of the tidal interaction with the host star in order to identify whether tidal decay and periastron precession occur in the system.
Methods. We observed WASP-43b with HARPS, whose data we present for the first time, and we also analysed the newly acquired JWST full-phase light curve. We jointly fit new and archival radial velocity and transit and occultation mid-times, including tidal decay, periastron precession, and long-term acceleration in the system.
Results. We detected a tidal decay rate of Ṗa = (−l.99±0.50) ms yr−1 and a periastron precession rate of ω = 0.1727−0.0089+0.0083)° d−1 = (621.72−32.04+29.88)″ d−1). This is the first time that both periastron precession and tidal decay are simultaneously detected in an exoplanetary system. The observed tidal interactions can neither be explained by the tidal contribution to apsidal motion of a non-aligned stellar or planetary rotation axis nor by assuming a non-synchronous rotation for the planet, and a value for the planetary Love number cannot be derived. Moreover, we excluded the presence of a second body (e.g. a distant companion star or a yet undiscovered planet) down to a planetary mass of ≳0.3 MJ and up to an orbital period of ≲3700 days. We leave the question of the cause of the observed apsidal motion open.
Stellar magnetic activity in Earth 2.0 candidates based on LAMOST DR10
Authors: Su Tianhao , Zhang Liyun , Han Xianming L. , Misra Prabhakar , Zhu Zhongzhong , Pi Qingfeng 
Published: January 2025

Aims. Stellar chromospheric activity can impact the search for exoplanets. Earth 2.0 (ET 2.0) is a space telescope designed for exoplanet detection. In this work, we survey the stellar chromospheric activity in the ET 2.0 target regions to enhance the detection rate of exoplanets.
Methods. This work uses Hα and Ca II H&K lines as indicators of chromospheric activity and conducts a survey of stellar chromospheric activity in the ET 2.0 target regions using LAMOST low- and medium-resolution spectra. After cross-referencing with the ET 2.0 input catalog, we obtained over 349 000 low-resolution spectra and over 30 000 medium-resolution spectra from LAMOST. We quantified the chromospheric activity intensity for all spectra and selected the results for those with a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) above 10 for further studies of the chromospheric activity. The quantification standards include equivalent width (EW) and the ratio of bolometric luminosity to the corresponding spectral line luminosity (LHα/Lbol, LCaH/Lbol, LCaK/Lbol, LHK/Lbol).
Results. Utilizing Hα and Ca II H&K lines, we evaluated the chromospheric activity for over 320 000 and 110 000 spectra based on LAMOST low-resolution spectra, respectively. In addition, we evaluated chromospheric activity for 34000 spectra using Hα lines based on medium-resolution spectra. We selected samples that are suitable for exoplanet studies, based on Hα and Ca II H&K lines. Additionally, we explored the relationship between stellar activity observed by LAMOST and rotation periods obtained from Kepler and TESS surveys. Our findings confirm the presence of two distinct regions in terms of their relationship between stellar activity and Rossby number (Ro), namely: saturated and unsaturated. We determined a critical Ro in the range of 0.09–0.12 using the r-band spectra of 11 921 stars and u-band spectra of 6120 stars. Moreover, we observe that Ca II H&K lines exhibit greater sensitivity to Ro in the unsaturated region, compared to Ha line measurements. Lastly, we have established positive correlations between various activity indicators, including R′CaK, R′CaH, R′HK, and R′Hα.
Basaltic quasi-mini-moon: Characterizing 2024 PT5 with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias and the Two-meter Twin Telescope
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos R. , de León J. , Serra-Ricart M. , de la Fuente Marcos C. , Alarcon M. R. , Licandro J. , Geier S. , Tejero A. , Perez Romero A. , Perez-Toledo F. , Cabrera-Lavers A. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Small bodies in Earth-like orbits, the Arjunas, are good targets for scientific exploration, and space mining or in situ resource utilization (ISRU) trials as they enable low-cost missions. The subset of these objects that experience recurrent temporarily captured flyby or orbiter episodes are among the best ranked in terms of accessibility. Only a handful of objects are known to have engaged in such a dynamical behavior. Finding and characterizing more of them may help to expand scientific and commercial research activities in space over the next few decades. Asteroid 2024 PT5 is a recent finding that shows dynamical traits in common with this group.
Aims. Here we investigate the orbital context of 2024 PT5 and its spectral and rotational properties.
Method. We studied the short-term orbital evolution of 2024 PT5 using direct N-body simulations. We identified its spectral class from the visible reflectance spectrum and used photometric observations to derive its rotational properties. Observational data were obtained with the OSIRIS camera spectrograph at the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias and the Two-meter Twin Telescope.
Results. Asteroid 2024 PT5 experiences recurrent co-orbital engagements and episodes in which it has negative geocentric orbital energy while inside a geocentric distance under three Hill radii, which we call quasi-mini-moon events. Its visible spectrum is consistent with that of lunar-like silicates. Photometric data suggest a rotation period ≲1 h.
Conclusions. The discovery of 2024 PT5 confirms that events resembling temporary captures are relatively frequent and involve objects larger than a few meters, suitable as accessible targets for scientific research activities and demonstrating ISRU technologies.
JE et ON dans le discours de soignants
Authors: Chatar-Moumni Nizha , Lachet Caroline , Roig Audrey 
Published: January 2025

Résumé
Les structures agentives en JE et ON relevées dans le corpus AS2-HP (corpus de
paroles de soignants) font référence à des groupes de personnes de tailles variées, allant de l’unité (principalement représentée
par JE) à la pluralité interne (spécifique à ON), voire à la totalité dans le cas des emplois
génériques. Par le questionnement des notions d’indéfinitude, d’agentivité collective et de
perception massive, cet article met au jour un continuum organisant le rapport « agent — action », variable selon
le pronom utilisé dans la structure agentive : celles en ON seul rendent le prédicat d’événement plus saillant
que l’énonciateur. Ce dernier, qui renvoie toujours à un collectif de soignants dans ce corpus, entend mettre en évidence l’action
et non tant les personnes qui l’ont réalisée. À l’inverse, l’agentivité en NOUS ON met en valeur l’énonciateur :
le sujet se présente alors sous la forme d’une classe, qui prime sur le prédicat d’événement. À mi-chemin entre
ces deux extrémités du gradient, se trouvent les structures agentives en JE, où agent et
action sont parfaitement égaux : l’agent assume totalement son action et cela, à titre individuel.
Bilingual effects in foreign language learning
Authors: Tribushinina Elena , Radić Angela , Hržica Gordana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study tests the hypothesis that bilingualism is associated with advantages in learning foreign languages. We compare oral (narrative) English skills of 15 Dutch monolinguals (aged 10–12) and 15 age-matched bilinguals acquiring Dutch and Serbian/Croatian. We also test the hypothesis that bilinguals speaking an aspectual home language have an advantage over Dutch monolinguals in learning the English progressive aspect. Narratives produced by adult L1 English speakers were used to establish a baseline of aspectual choices. The results demonstrate that bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on narrative length, lexical diversity and grammatical accuracy, but not on syntactic complexity. Regarding grammatical aspect, monolinguals overused simple forms and underused progressive verb forms, whereas bilinguals used progressives at native-like rates. However, bilinguals slightly overused simple (non-progressive) forms. Bilingual children with higher proficiency in English and Serbian/Croatian and those producing more imperfectives in Serbian/Croatian narratives were less likely to use non-progressive verb forms in English.