bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell type-dependent release of nitric oxide and/or reactive nitrogenoxide species from intracellular SIN-1: effects on cellular NAD(P)H
Authors: Swintek A.U. , Christoph S. , Petrat F. , Groot H. de , Kirsch M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSIN-1 is frequently used in cell culture studies as an extracellularly operating generator of peroxynitrite. However, little is known about the nature of the reactive species produced intracellulary from SIN-1. SIN-1 can easily penetrate cells as exemplified for both L-929 mouse fibroblasts and bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) by utilizing capillary zone electrophoresis. In L-929 cells, SIN-1 produced nitric oxide (NO) as monitored by the fluorescent NO scavenger FNOCT-1 and by means of a NO electrode, as well as reactive nitrogenoxide species (RNOS, e.g. peroxynitrite, nitrogen dioxide, dinitrogen trioxide), as detected with the fluorescent indicator DAF-2. Laser scanning microscopy revealed that in L-929 cells SIN-1-derived species initially oxidized the major fraction of the NAD(P)H within the cytosol and the nuclei, whereas the mitochondrial NAD(P)H level was somewhat increased. In marked contrast to this, in BAECs no evidence for NO formation was found although the intracellular amount of SIN-1 was fourfold higher than in L-929 cells. In BAECs, the level of NAD(P)H was slightly decreased within the first 10 min after administration of SIN-1 in both the cytosol/nuclei and mitochondria. These observations reflect the capability of SIN-1 to generate intracellularly either almost exclusively RNOS as in BAECs, or RNOS and freely diffusing NO as in L-929 cells. Nitric oxide as well as RNOS may decisively affect cellular metabolism as indicated by the alterations in the NAD(P)H level. Hence, care should be taken when applying SIN-1 as an exclusively peroxynitrite-generating compound in cell culture systems.
Cathepsin L is involved in cathepsin D processing and regulation of apoptosis in A549 human lung epithelial cells
Authors: Wille A. , Gerber A. , Heimburg A. , Reisenauer A. , Peters C. , Saftig P. , Reinheckel T. , Welte T. , Bühling F. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractCathepsins are implicated in a multitude of physiological and pathophysiological processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the function of cathepsin L (catL) in the proteolytic network of human lung epithelial cells and its role in the regulation of apoptosis. We found that catL-deficient A549 cells as well as lung tissue extracts of catL[-/-] mice express increased amounts of single-chain cathepsin D (catD). Degradation experiments indicate that catL specifically degrades the singlechain isoform of catD. Furthermore, we found that catLdeficient cells showed increased sensitivity to apoptosis. Finally, we demonstrate that the inhibition of catD activity by pepstatin A decreased the number of apoptotic cells in catLdeficient A549 cells after anti-Fas treatment. In conclusion, catL is involved in catD processing and the accumulation of catD isoforms in catL-deficient cells is associated with increased rates of spontaneous and anti-Fas-induced apoptosis.
Current concepts in standardization of cardiac marker immunoassays
Authors: Panteghini Mauro 
Published: August 2004

AbstractCardiac markers are measured by a number of different immunoassays using specific antibodies directed to the respective antigens. Lacking assay standardization, different results from different assays measuring the same marker may be obtained and this problem may cloud interpretations of reported data. Presently, there are no reference procedures for cardiac markers; certified reference materials should still be established and, at least for cardiac troponins, the analyte in the patients' blood is significantly different from newly synthesized protein. It is therefore clear that the problems of cardiac marker standardization will not be quickly solved. A number of projects are, however, underway under the auspices of the IFCC and other organizations. The aim of this opinion is to reflect on some concepts related to the implementation of a metrologically correct measurement system, giving practical examples on how these concepts can be applied to immunoassays measuring cardiac markers.
High prevalence of non-HFE gene-associated haemochromatosis in patients from southern Italy
Authors: Marco F. De , Liguori R. , Giardina M. G. , D'Armiento M. , Angelucci E. , Lucariello A. , Morante R. , Cimino L. , Galeota-Lanza A. , Tarantino G. , Ascione A. , Budillon G. , Vecchione R. , Martinelli R. , Matarazzo M. , Simone V. De 
Published: August 2004

AbstractHereditary haemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder of iron regulation that results in abnormal intestinal iron absorption with progressive iron overloading of parenchymal cells. Two specific, single point mutations of the
Blood alcohol testing: comparison of the performance obtained with the different methods used in the Belgian external quality assessment schemes
Authors: Devleeschouwer Nicole , Libeer Jean Claude , Martens Frank K. , Neels Hugo , Damme Marc Van , Verstraete Alain , Deveaux Marc , Wallemacq Pierre E. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis study describes the performance of the different methods used for blood alcohol analysis by the Belgian laboratories participating in the external quality assessment scheme. The best performance was achieved by the gas chromatography (GC) and the enzymatic methods. The enzymatic methods are easier to use but more apparatus-dependent, whereas GC methods display higher precision, especially at concentrations near the critical legal limit of 0.5 g/l. The study highlights the need to introduce a methodology other than the chemical oxidation-based method of Casier, the sole legal method for forensic analyses in drinking-driving cases in Belgium. This method with poor intra-laboratory, inter-laboratory and linearity performances has definitely become obsolete. Even though GC clearly appears as the method of choice, mainly due to its higher specificity, the present study also shows the need for practical guidelines to improve the quality of GC alcohol analyses used in Belgium.
Determination of lipase catalytic activity in two reference materials: BCR 693 and BCR 694 by titrimetry at constant pH
Authors: Lessinger Jean-Marc , Parashou Stella , Arzoglou Panteleimon , Ramos Paul , Chapus Catherine , Dufaux Jeanine , Junge Wolfgang , Profilis Christos , Férard Georges 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBecause routine assays for pancreatic lipase catalytic activity are not yet standardized, between-method comparability is very poor. This is mainly due to the lack of reference materials (RMs). The aim of this study was to assign values of catalytic concentration to two human pancreatic lipase RMs, one prepared from human pancreatic juice (BCR 693), the other obtained by recombinant technology (BCR 694). Lipase catalytic activity was assayed in five experienced laboratories, using aliquots from the same lot of triolein emulsion and a standardized titrimetric procedure, optimized with regard to substrate, cofactors and pH. The accepted sets of data (n=4) gave a mean ± the corresponding uncertainty expressed as the 0.95 confidence interval of 1732±72 U/l and 1043±60 U/l for BCR 693 and 694, respectively. Transferability of the whole operating procedure proved to be quite satisfactory. The authors conclude that both RMs can be used to verify the correct implementation of the standardized measurement procedure and to assign values to secondary lipase materials (commercial calibrators, control products) which, in turn, ensures traceability to the standardized procedure in this study, and contributes to the harmonization of laboratory results according to the Directive for in vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices.
Evaluation of a new generation of plastic evacuated blood-collection tubes in clinical chemistry, therapeutic drug monitoring, hormone and trace metal analysis
Authors: Boeynaems Jean-Marie , Leener Anne De , Dessars Barbara , Villa-Lobos Hector Rodriguez , Aubry Jean-Claude , Cotton Frédéric , Thiry Philippe 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) tubes have several advantages over glass tubes: they are unbreakable, lighter and more easily disposed of. Despite a steady increase in their use and an expansion of the range of available tubes, few studies validating their use have been published in the literature. This paper describes the various studies that have been performed to compare VENOJECT glass, VENOSAFE PET and VENOSAFE PET/heparin tubes for the assay of a panel of analytes in routine clinical chemistry, immunochemistry, hormone and tumor marker analysis and trace metal determination. These studies demonstrate that VENOSAFE PET tubes are a suitable alternative to glass tubes.
Effects of Stress on Largemouth Bass Reproduction
Authors: Ostrand Kenneth G. , Cooke Steven J. , Wahl David H. 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Although largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides are frequently subjected to sublethal stressors (e.g., angling), the associated effects on their reproductive success have not been assessed. We examined the reproduction of largemouth bass that were subjected to the stress of exhaustive exercise, air exposure, culling, live-well conditions, and weigh-in procedures. Age-0 largemouth bass produced from parents subjected to stress were smaller (total length, 31 ± 0.4 mm (mean ± SE)) and weighed less (0.59 ± 0.04 g) than controls that were not stressed (35 ± 0.4 mm; 0.76 ± 0.03 g). Adults that were stressed had offspring with later swim-up dates than did controls. Our results provide evidence that stress before spawning has the potential to negatively affect largemouth bass reproductive success.
Decline of Yellow Perch in Southwestern Lake Michigan, 1987–1997
Authors: Marsden J. Ellen , Robillard Steven R. 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
The abundance of yellow perch Perca flavescens in southwestern Lake Michigan declined severely in the 1990s, after state and federal agencies noted a lakewide paucity of age-0 yellow perch in 1989. Regulations were changed in 1995 to reduce recreational and commercial fishing harvests, and commercial fisheries were closed lakewide in 1997. To document changes in the yellow perch population and to evaluate possible causes of the decline, we examined data collected annually in the Illinois waters of Lake Michigan during 1987–1997. Larval yellow perch were collected with plankton nets, age-0 yellow perch were collected with bottom trawls, and adult yellow perch were collected with fyke nets and gill nets. Age-0 yellow perch were rare or absent after 1988; however, larval abundance did not decline severely until after 1993. The presence of larvae and the almost complete absence of age-0 yellow perch in 1989–1993 suggest that overfishing was not initially responsible for the decline. The length at age and mean age of adult yellow perch increased steadily during the study period. The percentage of males in our samples increased to 99%. The reduction in larval catches since 1994 and the highly skewed sex ratio indicate that the number of reproducing female yellow perch was reduced below a critical level. The causes for the decline are unclear, but the demographics of the decline suggest that neither commercial fishing nor predation by alewives Alosa pseudoharengus on larvae were responsible, whereas alterations in the Lake Michigan ecosystem subsequent to the invasion by zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha may have influenced the decline.
The Effects of Catch-and-Release Angling on the Growth and Survival of Juvenile White Seabass Captured on Offset Circle and J-Type Hooks
Authors: Aalbers Scott A. , Stutzer Greg M. , Drawbridge Mark A. 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Despite the growing number of recreational anglers targeting white seabass Atractoscion nobilis in California, no information is available on the mortality rates of juveniles following catch and release. We captured juvenile white seabass (430–577 mm total length) with 4/0 offset circle hooks (n = 113) or 4/0 J-type hooks (n = 108) or with a net (control, n = 30) to investigate the effect of hook type on anatomical hook location. We also examined how hook location affected growth and survival for 90 d following release. Offset circle hooks penetrated the lip region significantly more frequently (73%) than did J-type hooks (41%). Hook location was directly correlated with mortality; all mortalities involved hook damage to the visceral region. A 10% postrelease mortality rate was observed for fish caught on both offset circle and J-type hooks. All mortalities occurred within 5 d postrelease. Survival was enhanced when deeply embedded hooks were left in place rather than removed from the visceral tissue. Hook-caught fish showed no reduction in growth when compared with control fish, but deeply hooked fish grew at a significantly lower rate than did fish hooked in the mouth. Angler success rates did not differ significantly between hook types. We recommend that catch-and-release mortality be incorporated into the management plan for white seabass.
Accuracy of Angler-Reported Harvest in Roving Creel Surveys
Authors: Mallison Craig T. , Cichra Charles E. 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Harvest data obtained during roving creel surveys are often based on angler-reported information without validation. Angler creels were inspected following interviews during roving creel surveys on three Florida lakes. Comparisons between reported and counted harvest revealed significant differences for anglers targeting sunfish Lepomis spp. (22% error) and black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus (7% error). Differences were negligible for anglers targeting sunshine bass (female white bass Morone chrysops × male striped bass M. saxatilis), palmetto bass (male white bass × female striped bass), and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. Accuracy among species was inversely related to bag limit size; this was attributed to a combination of factors, including species, number and size of fish harvested, limit-conscious behavior of anglers, and differences among angler groups. Accuracy within species was not significantly influenced by the reported number of fish harvested or trip duration, nor was the interaction of the two significant. Daily total harvest estimates based on reported data were biased for sunfish (19% error) and black crappies (5% error), but correction factors were effective in reducing total errors to 2% for both species. Inspection of creels is recommended for all roving creel survey interviews when accuracy is critical to meeting study objectives. When moderate accuracy is sufficient, angler-reported harvest may be used if validated or adjusted with a correction factor if found to be inaccurate.
A Pipeline Model for Estimating Fishing Mortality in Salmon Mark-Selective Fisheries
Authors: Zhou Shijie 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
A model was developed to estimate fishing-induced mortality and exploitation rates for unmarked salmon Oncorhynchus spp. in mark-selective fisheries. This model is analogous to a pipeline, and the basic idea is similar to that of the change-in-ratio method used for estimating animal abundance. During spawning migration, a unidirectional movement occurs from the ocean to near shore and into freshwater. A series of nonselective and selective fisheries consequently catch these fish on their migration path. The model functions as follows: First, a cohort analysis is completed for the coded-wire-tagged fish to obtain their initial abundance and fishery-specific exploitation rate. Second, fishery-specific exploitation rates of unmarked fish are derived. Third, the initial abundance of unmarked fish is obtained from the total exploitation rate and escapement and then the ratio between the abundances of unmarked and marked fish is estimated for each fishery. Finally, the fishery-specific mortality of unmarked fish is estimated. The method assumes that the release mortality rates in selective fisheries are known. Methods for correcting potential bias are suggested. Sensitivity analyses show that the estimated exploitation rates of unmarked fish are less sensitive to bias in the release mortality rate than to bias in the estimated cohort size of marked fish. Bias in release mortality rates results in a diminishing bias of exploitation rates in sequential selective fisheries, but bias in the estimated cohort size results in an increasing bias. An example is given for Sandy River coho salmon O. kisutch in the lower Columbia River. This method does not require double index tagging and can presumably be applied to most fisheries. Some caveats in applying this model to salmon fishery management are given.
A Comparison of Injectable Fluorescent Marks in Two Genera of Darters: Effects on Survival and Retention Rates
Authors: Roberts James H. , Angermeier Paul L. 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Visible implant elastomer (VIE) and injectable photonic dye (IPD), two types of injectable fluorescent marks, have shown promise in previous applications in a variety of fishes but have not been extensively tested on darters. We marked a species from each of two genera of darters, Percina and Etheostoma, in a laboratory experiment to determine the influence of VIE and IPD marks on survival and the influences of mark type, location, and color on mark retention. Short-term (≤80-d) survival was similar between marked and control specimens for both marks in both species. Over the long term (200–240 d), however, the survival rate for IPD-marked Roanoke darters P. roanoka was significantly lower than that for controls (50% versus 80%), whereas VIE-marked Roanoke darters had a survival rate (88%) similar to that of controls. Long-term survival of riverweed darters E. podostemone did not differ among groups. In Roanoke darters, the mark retention rate for IPD was significantly lower than that for VIE by day 80 of the experiment (80% versus 94%), and ventral IPD marks were retained with greater frequency than were dorsal IPD marks. In riverweed darters, retention was similar for VIE and IPD (79% versus 83%) in all body locations through day 240. In both species, yellow IPD marks exhibited higher retention rates than did green IPD marks, whereas the reverse was true for yellow and green VIE marks. Overall, VIE was a superior mark in the Percina representative but performed similarly to IPD in Etheostoma. Because of interspecific and intraspecific variability in mark performance, we recommend a pilot study before initiating field use of injectable marks in untested species.
Geographic Patterns of Genetic Differentiation among Collections of Green Sturgeon
Authors: Israel Joshua A. , Cordes Jan F. , Blumberg Marc A. , May Bernie 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
The population structure of green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris has not previously been evaluated, although commercial and bycatch harvests may be impacting multiple populations of this species. Molecular markers were used to distinguish between green and white sturgeon A. transmontanus and to examine the genetic variation among green sturgeon collected from four locations along the West Coast of the United States between San Pablo Bay, California, and the Columbia River, Washington. Verification that putative green sturgeon samples were not white sturgeon was accomplished with a diagnostic restriction fragment length polymorphism in the mitochondrial cytochrome b locus. Genetic variation in green sturgeon was investigated using six microsatellite loci developed from published primers. Allele frequencies, the fixation index FST, and observed heterozygosities were determined at three disomic and three tetrasomic loci amplified from fin tissue samples. Pairwise FST values of 0.005 and −0.002 indicated no genetic differentiation between the Klamath and Rogue River collections or the Columbia River and San Pablo Bay collections. All other FST values among pairs of collections ranged between 0.06 and 0.08 and indicated a significant difference between collections from the Rogue and Klamath rivers and those from San Pablo Bay and the Columbia River. These results and highly significant G-tests of genotypic differences between these pairs of collections support the existence of genetic structuring in this species along the Pacific coast. These data suggest that not all spawning populations have been identified and that additional genetic research will be necessary to adequately describe the population structure of green sturgeon before effective management plans can be developed.
Relationship between Lake-Record Weights of Fishes and Reservoir Area and Growing Season
Authors: Wilde Gene R. , Pope Kevin L. 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
We used information from an angler recognition program to assess the relationship between lake-record weights of freshwater fishes captured by Texas anglers and two predictors of fish production and growth: reservoir surface area and growing-season length. The lake-record weights of two species, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris, were directly related to the logarithm of surface area. The record weights of all species studied were unrelated to growing-season length. Regardless of the statistical significance of individual correlations, there was a significant excess of positive correlations across all species between lake-record weights of fish and log surface area. This indicates the presence of a general relationship between the record weights of fish and reservoir area. Our results suggest that record weights of fish may be constrained by reservoir surface area.
Effectiveness of Habitat Manipulation for Wild Salmonids in Wyoming Streams
Authors: Binns N. Allen 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Habitat manipulation is commonly used to enhance habitat and stocks of fluvial trout of the genera Oncorhynchus, Salmo, and Salvelinus, but questions have been raised about the effectiveness of such work. Consequently, I analyzed wild trout abundance, biomass, and habitat before and after habitat manipulations among 30 projects done by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department. Abundance and biomass of trout increased following habitat manipulation among most of the projects. Excessive angler harvest prevented an increase at three projects, and drought hindered fish response in a fourth stream. At a fifth project, the trout population decreased after intense cattle grazing degraded project structures. Instream structures proved durable. Only one project, which featured wire trash catchers in a fourth-order mountain stream, suffered failure of habitat manipulation devices. Cover for trout and residual pool depth significantly increased following projects, whereas eroding banks significantly decreased. Both timber and log check dams consistently produced good pools, but rock check dams did not. Mean per project cost statewide was US$39,230/mi. These results demonstrate that well-built, properly located, and properly maintained instream structures can provide better habitat and increase stocks of trout in carefully selected reaches, thus satisfying public and agency expectations for fishery improvement and gaining time to correct watershed problems.