bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lime microdosing: A new liming strategy for increased productivity in acid soils
Authors: Agyin‐Birikorang Sampson , Adu‐Gyamfi Raphael , Kadyampakeni Davie M. , Chambers Rachel A. , Tindjina Ignatius , Dauda Haruna W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite the effectiveness of the fertilizer microdosing technique, lime microdosing (LMD) to alleviate the negative impacts of soil acidity has not been comprehensively assessed. In a 3‐year study at four sites across three countries (one in the United States, two in Ghana, and one in Burkina Faso), we evaluated the effectiveness of the microdosing technique for lime application to alleviate the adverse effects of soil acidity in cropping systems, using corn (Zea maysL.) as the study crop. LMD was evaluated at four lime application rates, including 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% of the calculated lime‐requirement rate (LR), which was compared to the traditional lime broadcasting strategy using 75% and 100% LR. Averaged across all experimental sites for the duration of the study, LMD with 25% LR resulted in similar grain yield, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium recovery efficiency as those of the traditional lime broadcast techniques with 100% LR, but significantly greater than those of the lime broadcast techniques with 75% LR. Postharvest rhizosphere aluminum saturation percentage of the LMD with 25% LR was similar to that of the traditional lime broadcast techniques with 100% LR. However, LMD with lime application rates lower than 25% LR was not agronomically effective. The combined results suggest that LMD could be an efficient liming technique, and that with this technique, as little lime material as 25% LR could be used to mitigate the negative impacts of Al toxicity associated with soil acidity. Nevertheless, economic analyses are required to determine the profitability of utilizing the LMD technique to mitigate the negative impacts of soil acidity on crop production relative to the traditional lime‐broadcast approach.
Making Nanofiber Membrane Stand on End to Construct Vertically Interfacial Evaporators for Efficient Solar Evaporation, Omnidirectional Solar Absorption, and Ultrahigh‐Salinity Brine Desalination
Authors: Liu Huijie , He Mantang , Gu Jiatai , Liu Ye , Yang Lei , Li Ailin , Yu Jianyong , Wang Liming , Qin Xiaohong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSolar‐driven interfacial desalination is widely considered to be a promising technology to address the global water crisis. This study proposes a novel electrospun nanofiber‐based all‐in‐one vertically interfacial solar evaporator endowed with a high steam generation rate, steady omnidirectional evaporation, and enduring ultrahigh‐salinity brine desalination. In particular, the electrospun nanofiber is collected into the tubular structure, followed by spraying with a dense crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) film, which renders them sufficiently strong for the preparation of a vertically array evaporator. The integrated evaporator made an individual capillary as a unit to form multiple thermal localization interfaces and steam dissipation channels, realizing zone heating of water. Thus a high steam generation rate exceeding 4.0 kg m−2 h−1 in pure water is demonstrated even under omnidirectional sunlight, and outperforms existing evaporators. Moreover, salt ions in the photothermal layer can be effectively transported to the water in capillaries and subsequently exchanged with the bulk water due to the strong action of capillary force, which ensures an ultrahigh desalination rate (≈12.5 kg m−2 h−1 under 3 sun) in 25 wt% concentration brine over 300 min. As such, this work provides a meaningful roadmap for the development of state‐of‐the‐art solar‐driven interfacial desalination.
Bidirectional Confined Redox Catalysis Manipulated Quasi‐Solid Iodine Conversion for Shuttle‐Free Solid‐State Zn‐I2 Battery
Authors: Wang Mingli , Ma Jingkang , Zhang Hong , Fu Lin , Li Xinliang , Lu Ke 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectrochemically reversible conversion of I2/I− redox couple in a controllable iodine speciation manner is the eternal target for practical metal‐iodine batteries. This contribution demonstrates an advanced polyiodide‐free Zn‐I2 battery achieved by the bidirectional confined redox catalysis‐directed quasi‐solid iodine conversion. A core‐shell structured iodine cathode is fabricated by integrating multiporous Prussian blue nanocubes as a catalytic mediator, and the polypyrrole sheath afforded a confinement environment that favored the iodine redox. The zincate Znx+1FeIII/II[Fe(CN)6]y has substantially faster zinc‐ion intercalation kinetics and overlapping kinetic voltage profiles compared with the I2/ZnI2 redox, and behave as a redox mediator that catalyze reduction of polyiodides via chemical redox reactions during battery discharging and an exemplary reaction is Zn(I3)2+2Znx+1FeII[Fe(CN)6]y=3ZnI2+2ZnxFeIII[Fe(CN)6]y,ΔG=−19.3 kJ mol−1). During the following recharging process, the electrodeposited ZnI2 can be facially activated by iron redox hotspots, and the ZnxFe[FeIII/II(CN)6]y served as a cation‐transfer mediator and spontaneously catalyze polyiodides oxidation (Zn(I3)2+2ZnxFe[FeIII(CN)6]y=3I2+2Znx+1Fe[FeII(CN)6]y,ΔG = −7.72 kJ mol−1), manipulating the reversible one‐step conversion of ZnI2 back to I2. Accordingly, a flexible solid‐state battery employing the designed cathode can deliver an energy density of 215 Wh kgiodine−1.
Largely Improving the Output Performance of Stretchable Triboelectric Nanogenerators via Thermo‐Compressive Technology
Authors: Chen Qianqian , Wang Aochen , Yang Dan , Wei Xuelian , Zhang Li'ang , Wu Zhiyi , Wang Longfei , Qin Yong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStretchable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are widely applied in wearable and implantable electronics, smart medical devices, and soft robots. However, it is still a challenge to produce stretchable TENGs with both exceptional elasticity and output performance, which limits their application scope. In this work, high‐performance stretchable TENGs are developed through a thermo‐compression (TC) fabrication process. In particular, a poly(vinylidene fluoride) film is compactly bound to the elastic thermoplastic polyurethane substrate, which inherits excellent stretchability with a strain of up to 815%. Furthermore, owing to the large surface area, tight contact, and effective vertical transport of tribo‐induced charges between the coupled fibrous tribo‐layer and soft substrate, the TC composite film‐based TENGs exhibit a greater output (2‐4 times) than unlaminated film‐based TENGs. Additionally, the broad universality of this method is proven using various tribo‐ and substrate materials. The proposed technology provides a novel and effective approach to conjointly boost the output and stretchability of TENGs, showing encouraging application prospects in self‐powered wearable and flexible electronics.
Unraveling the Role of Metal Vacancy Sites and Doped Nitrogen in Enhancing Pseudocapacitance Performance of Defective MXene
Authors: Chen Guanglei , Xie Yangyang , Tang Yi , Wang Tianshuai , Wang Zhenyu , Yang Chenhui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNitrogen‐doped titanium carbides (MXene) films exhibit extraordinary volumetric capacitance when high‐concentration sulfuric acid electrolyte is utilized owing to the enhancement of pseudocapacitance. However, the energy storage mechanism of nitrogen‐doped MXene is unclear due to the complex electrode structure and electrolyte ions’ behavior. Here, based on pristine MXene (Ti3C2O2), three different MXene structures are constructed by introducing metal vacancy sites and doped nitrogen atoms, namely, defective MXene (Ti2.9C2O2), nitrogen‐doped MXene (Ti3C2O1.9N0.1), and nitrogen‐doped MXene with metal vacancy sites (Ti2.9C2O1.9N0.1). Then, the density functional theory (DFT)‐based calculations coupled with the effective screening medium reference interaction site method (ESM‐RISM) are applied to reveal the electrochemical behavior at the electrode/electrolyte interfacial area. Through analyzing the electronic structure, electrical double‐layer capacitance (EDLC), and equilibrium potential of the pseudocapacitance reaction, the specific effect of structural changes on their performance can be clarified: metal vacancy sites can reduce the potential difference of gap layer (Outer Helmholtz plane) at charged state and increase the electronic capacity of Ti, which can be used to explain the high pseudocapacitance, low charge transfer resistance and high‐rate capacity properties of nitrogen‐doped MXene observed in experiments.
Specifying features in terms of domain models: MuDForM method definition and case study
Authors: Deckers Robert , Lago Patricia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo enable the people involved in a software development process to communicate and reason close to their area of knowledge, we are investigating and engineering a method that formalizes and integrates knowledge of multiple domains into domain models and into specifications in terms of those domain models. We follow an action research approach, starting with a diagnosis phase, in which we have previously defined a set of method objectives, and performed a systematic literature review. During action planning, we defined how we are going to develop the method—called Multi‐Domain Formalization Method (MuDForM). This paper reports on the methodical support for using a domain model as the terminology for feature specifications. During action taking, we defined an initial version of the method and set up case studies. During the evaluation phase, we performed a case study to validate how well the method helps in the specification of processes and to realize the case‐specific objectives of the customer. The case study pertains to the formalization of the ISO26262 standard for functional safety in the automotive domain. The created models are explained to the involved experts to ensure their consistency with the original text. We found that MuDForM is suitable to systematically formalize processes described in natural language, such that the resulting process models are fully expressed in terms of domain concepts and concepts from outside the domains and processes of interest. Further, during the specifying learning phase, we have extended our method with concepts, steps, and guidelines for grammatical analysis, for formalization of constraints, and for the specification of processes.
Influence of talc particle size on the optical transparency, flame retardancy, and smoke release suppression of waterborne transparent fireproof coatings applied on wood surface
Authors: Yan Long , Huang Danrong , Xu Zhisheng , Xie Xiaojiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTalc with particle sizes of 1250 mesh (Talc‐1250), 3000 mesh (Talc‐3000), and 5000 mesh (Talc‐5000), used as synergist, was added into transparent fireproof coatings applied in wood substrates, and the influence of talc particle size on the comprehensive properties of the coatings was analyzed carefully. The results show that adding talc exerts super synergistic effect on enhancing the flame retardancy and smoke release suppression properties in the resulting coatings, and the synergistic efficiency of talc is varied with the talc particle size. Fire resistance analysis shows that the MTPPE2 coating containing Talc‐3000 exhibits better synergistic effects, accompanying a minimum back temperature of 106.3°C at 900°C and a maximum intumescent factor of 116.3. SEM‐EDS and FTIR analyses show that adding Talc‐3000 in the MTPPE2 coating contributes to the formation of a more intumescent and compact char against fire concomitant with the highest P/C mass ratio of 0.36 in char. Transparency analysis shows that the transparency of the coatings gradually decreases with the decrease of talc particle size, and the Talc‐1250 with exfoliated morphology imparts less loss of transparency to the coating while the Talc‐3000 and Talc‐5000 with intercalated morphologies induce more obvious light scattering in the coatings.Highlights
Talc was used to enhance the comprehensive properties of transparent fireproof coatings.
Synergistic efficiency of talc on the fire safety of coatings varies with its particle size.
Talc with a particle size of 3000 mesh exerts an optimum synergism in the coatings.
Transparency of the coatings gradually decreases as talc particle size decreases.
“Reservoirs of the Subconscious of a People”: The Local, National, and Global Resonances of a Lost Hinterland
Authors: Woodward Kate 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe flooding of Capel Celyn village in 1965—arguably the most dramatic hydropolitical event in the history of the United Kingdom—continues to hold a central place in the Welsh consciousness, leading to powerful collective cultural and political memories of loss. This chapter will explore the prominent role given to this act of flooding in contemporary film and television, from images of inundation inPen Talar(2010) to a saturated, sodden mise-en-scène in the horror filmYr Ymadawiad(2015) which explores what lies beneath the visible. The Welsh / Argentine feature filmPatagonia(2010) suggests how we might perceive articulations of global processes in the act of flooding a localized space, and a rippling out of resonances with other hinterlands across the globe.
Anomalous hydrodynamics effective actions from holography
Authors: Rangamani Mukund , Virrueta Julio , Zhou Shuyan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We derive an effective action for charged plasmas with an anomalous (abelian) global current charge current using holography. The holographic description is captured by the dynamics of an Einstein-Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory in an asymptotically AdS spacetime. The ’t Hooft anomaly contribution, which is encoded in the Chern-Simons term, contributes at the Gaussian order in the effective action only in the momentum diffusion sector, where it leads to chiral shear waves. However, as we demonstrate, beyond the Gaussian order, there is non-trivial imprint of the parity-violating anomaly term in sound and charge diffusion dynamics as well.
A Lagrangian relaxation approach to an electricity system investment model with a high temporal resolution
Authors: Granfeldt Caroline , Strömberg Ann-Brith , Göransson Lisa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe global production of electricity contributes significantly to the release of carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, a transformation of the electricity system is of vital importance in order to restrict global warming. This paper proposes a modelling methodology for electricity systems with a large share of variable renewable electricity generation, such as wind and solar power. The model developed addresses the capacity expansion problem, i.e. identifying optimal long-term investments in the electricity system. Optimal investments are defined by minimum investment and production costs under electricity production constraints—having different spatial resolutions and technical detail—while meeting the electricity demand. Our model is able to capture a range of strategies to manage variations and to facilitate the integration of variable renewable electricity; it is very large due to the high temporal resolution required to capture the variations in wind and solar power production and the chronological time representation needed to model energy storage. Moreover, the model can be further extended—making it even larger—to capture a large geographical scope, accounting for the trade of electricity between regions with different conditions for wind and solar power. Models of this nature thus typically need to be solved using some decomposition method to reduce solution times. In this paper, we develop a decomposition method using so-called variable splitting and Lagrangian relaxation; the dual problem is solved by a deflected subgradient algorithm. Our decomposition regards the temporal resolution by defining 2-week periods throughout the year and relaxing the overlapping constraints. The method is tested and evaluated on some real-world cases containing regions with different energy mixes and conditions for wind power. Numerical results show shorter computation times as compared with the non-decomposed model and capacity investment options similar to the optimal solution provided by the latter model.
The use of an educational video on forensic autopsy in curricular teaching for medical students—is it worth the effort?
Authors: Schwarz Clara-Sophie , Kramer Stefan , Germerott Tanja , Walz Cleo , Elsner Katrin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this work is to share our experience with an educational video on forensic autopsy. Using questionnaires, we attempted to answer the following questions: Does watching the video trigger emotions in students? Does the autopsy meet the expectations that they had before? Does the video help to prepare them for their subsequent autopsy participation?

Methods
A total of 365 medical students who attended their classes during the COVID-19 pandemic measures were provided with the video on an online platform. Links leading to questionnaires were positioned before and after the video. One hundred seventy-six students returned to face-to-face teaching during their course in forensic medicine. Those among them who chose to participate in an autopsy at our institute were given the link to a third questionnaire after their autopsy participation. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS 27.0 and Microsoft Excel.

Results
One hundred seventy-two students completed a questionnaire before watching the educational video, 85 also completed one afterwards, and 28 completed the third questionnaire. The most intense feelings while watching the video were “curiosity” and “surprise”. Out of twelve students (14.1%) who had imagined the autopsy differently in advance, five perceived the autopsy shown in the video as rougher or more brutal than expected. All autopsy participants who had previously viewed the video felt adequately prepared.

Conclusion
Teaching should include an introduction to the handling of the corpse and the general procedures in the dissecting room. Although a video cannot substitute for personal interaction, it is useful to prepare students for their autopsy participation.
Cerebral glucose hypometabolism and hypoperfusion of cingulate gyrus: an imaging biomarker of autoimmune encephalitis with psychiatric symptoms
Authors: Sun Yueqian , Li Gongfei , Liu Xiao , Zhao Xiaobin , Ren Jiechuan , Ren Guoping , Liu Yaou , Ai Lin , Wang Qun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAbout 60% of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) patients present psychiatric symptoms, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. This study examined the role of the cingulate cortex in such patients to identify predictive poor psychiatric factors.MethodsIn this study, 49 AE patients and 39 healthy controls were enrolled. AE patients were further divided into two groups based on the presence/absence of psychiatric symptoms. The ratio of the standardized uptake value (SUVR) and relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in different regions of the cingulate cortex were calculated through positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI, and the results were compared among the three groups. In addition, we followed-up on the psychiatric outcomes and identified the risk factors for poor psychiatric prognosis, focusing on the cingulate cortex.ResultsMore than half of the AE patients (27/49) exhibited psychiatric symptoms. Agitation and thought blocking were typical psychiatric phenotypes, except for anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) encephalitis, which mainly presented with catatonia and a depressed mood. AE patients with psychiatric symptoms experienced reduced metabolism and perfusion of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), midcingulate cortex (MCC), and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). The SUVR of ACC can be used as an independent risk factor of poor psychiatric outcomes, which had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.865.ConclusionImpaired cingulate cortex function in AE may be the potential mechanism of psychiatric symptoms. Hypometabolism of ACC is an independent prognostic factor predicting an unfavorable psychiatric prognosis in AE.
Facilitating cooperation of smallholders in developing countries: design principles for a cooperative-oriented decentralized autonomous organization
Authors: Amend Julia , Troglauer Patrick , Guggenberger Tobias , Urbach Nils , Weibelzahl Martin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractClimate change and an increasing food demand due to a growing world population pose significant challenges for agriculture. Smallholders play a decisive role in establishing a sustainable and efficient future agricultural system since they already provide up to 80% of food in developing countries. However, they often face severe obstacles, especially in developing countries, hampering effective and efficient cooperation and productivity. Even though organizations in the form of cooperatives could help overcome some of the challenges of facilitating smallholders’ cooperation, they still suffer from structural problems. Further, in many countries, a lack of formal mechanisms to enforce contractual agreements exists. Given such challenges, decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) have already proven to provide alternative forms of governance independent of formal contracts or intermediaries. Therefore, this study follows the design science research paradigm to design, develop, and evaluate a decentralized autonomous organization in the agricultural sector that makes use of cooperative principles. This cooperative-oriented DAO is governed by smart contracts and technically enabled by blockchain technology as the underlying infrastructure. Through our developed and evaluated artifact, the AgriDAO, we guide researchers and practitioners on how such a cooperative-oriented DAO could look to solve existing problems related to smallholders and cooperatives. Additionally, we present eight design principles that will guide the development of cooperative-oriented DAOs. Finally, our research shall initiate lively discussion and extensive exploration of this new form of organization.
Durvalumab: A Review in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Fung Simon , Syed Yahiya Y. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDurvalumab (Imfinzi®), a therapeutic human monoclonal antibody which binds to and blocks the activity of the immunosuppressive programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein, is approved in the USA, EU, Japan and other countries in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin for adults with advanced biliary tract cancer. In the pivotal phase 3 TOPAZ-1 trial, durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin significantly prolonged overall survival and progression-free survival compared with placebo plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in adults with advanced biliary tract cancer. Benefit from durvalumab was seen irrespective of primary tumour location, disease status at diagnosis (unresectable or recurrent), or initial levels of PD-L1 expression. The tolerability of durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin was manageable. Overall, the addition of durvalumab to gemcitabine and cisplatin is a valuable new treatment option for adults with advanced biliary tract cancer.