bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extension of discrete simple adaptive control with asymptotically perfect tracking
Authors: Shibata H. , Sun Y. , Fujinaka T. , Chen G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA discrete‐time algorithm for simple adaptive control, proposed by one of authors, circumvents some drawbacks of the algorithm derived directly from continuous‐time one. However, it leaves steady‐state output error between a controlled plant and a reference model. This paper proposes a modified algorithm, which removes the steady‐state output error. The stability of the algorithm is proved based on asymptotic output tracker theory, instead of command generator tracker theory. Finally, simulation results illustrate satisfactory control performance, that verifies the usefulness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Size, cost, and productivity in the meat processing industries
Authors: Xia Yin , Buccola Steven 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTechnology and technical change in the meat processing industries are examined in a cost function framework. Consistent with other studies, we find productivity growth rates to have declined in the past several decades. Nevertheless, growth has consistently been positive and has responded only modestly to the business cycle and to capital prices. Productivity‐induced downshifts in unit cost curves have boosted cost elasticities, enhancing incentives for firm and plant‐size growth. Rising capital shadow prices suggest the quality of capital has grown relative to that of labor and materials. Technical change appears to be capital‐using and material‐saving, counteracting the generally capital‐saving and material‐using effects of output expansion. [EconLit Citations: D24, L66, O30]. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bone marrow necrosis: Clinicopathologic analysis of 20 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Paydas Semra , Ergin Melek , Baslamisli Fikri , Yavuz Sinan , Zorludemir Suzan , Sahin Berksoy , Bolat Filiz A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBone marrow necrosis (BMN) is a relatively uncommon clinicopathologic entity. The etiology is diverse, and malignancy, especially hematopoietic in origin, is the most common underlying disease of BMN. In this retrospective analysis, cases with BMN were re‐evaluated for etiology, histopathologic details, and clinical manifestations. In the last 8 years, 23 cases of BMN were detected among the 1,083 bone marrow (BM) biopsies, and the prevalence was found to be 2.2%. Three of these 23 cases with BMN were children, and 20 cases were in adults. Sixteen of these cases (80%) had underlying malignant disease, and four (20%) had nonmalignant disease. Among the malignant cases, three cases had acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), four had relapsed Hodgkin's disease (R‐HD), one had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), two had chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), two had non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), three had disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) associated with metastatic solid tumor, and one had myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative syndrome (MDS/MPS). Among the nonmalignant cases, two had tuberculosis infection, one had anti‐phospholipid syndrome (APS), and one had a history of drug ingestion. The most common symptoms were bone pain, fever, fatigue, and jaundice. The most common laboratory findings were variable and associated with underlying disease, but anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and high LDH and alkaline phosphatase levels were detected in the majority of the cases, as was also seen in other series. BMN was graded according to the extent of necrosis in the BM biopsy, and necrosis was extensive in 12 cases, moderate in five cases, and mild in three cases. Increased reticulin was found in 16 cases; four cases had severe, eight had moderate, and four had mild fibrosis, and this was found to be an interesting accompanying finding in BMN. In conclusion malignancy is the most common cause of BMN but some nonmalignant conditions such as tuberculosis and APS may be the underlying cause of BMN. Am. J. Hematol. 70:300–305, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Turner syndrome associated with acquired von Willebrand disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Sokol Lubomir , Stueben Eugen T. , Jaikishen Jay P. , Lamarche Maximo B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report a unique case of Turner syndrome associated with acquired von Willebrand disease (AvWD), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). During 7 years of close follow‐up, the patient presented with multiple major episodes of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding caused by different pathogenic mechanisms, such as IBD, AvWD, gastric varices, and thrombocytopenia. AvWD mimicking familial vWD type III on laboratory testing was most probably triggered by autoimmune mechanism associated with PBC. Therapy of PBC with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) resulted in significant decrease of liver enzymes followed by normalization of vWF and FVIII levels. Portosystemic shunt placement with ligation of gastric varices improved hypersplenism and severe thrombocytopenia and led to clinical stability for more than 24 months. The clinicopathological features of these disorders and of the recurrent bleeding episodes are discussed in the text along with a review of the literature. Am. J. Hematol. 70:257–259, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spontaneous reports of thrombocytopenia in association with quinine: Clinical attributes and timing related to regulatory action
Authors: Brinker Allen D. , Beitz Julie 
Published: October 2002

AbstractQuinine has been marketed in the United States (U.S.) both over‐the‐counter (OTC) and by prescription for numerous purposes, including malaria and muscle spasms. In 1994 and 1995, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acted to limit the marketing of quinine based on the conclusion that no data supported its safe and efficacious use in these settings. This report includes clinical attributes from the largest case series to date of apparently isolated thrombocytopenia in association with quinine and trends in the receipt of spontaneous adverse event reports to FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) for this drug–event combination in relation to regulatory action. In this study, we reviewed reports of spontaneous adverse drug events received by CDER. From 1974 through December 2000, CDER received 397 adverse event reports for quinine. Based on crude, unreviewed counts, 141 (35.5%) of these reports described apparently isolated thrombocytopenia. Reporting for this event peaked in 1995, coincident with regulatory action, and has subsequently declined. After elimination of cases confounded by acute or chronic disease or concomitant drug therapy, 64 reports of quinine‐associated thrombocytopenia were used to form a case series. This case series, including 11 cases since January 1996, supports the potential for rapid time‐to‐onset (median 7 days) and clinical severity (hospitalization reported in 55 of the 64 cases). Although the number of reports since regulatory action is limited, CDER continues to receive reports of thrombocytopenia in association with quinine in use for nocturnal leg cramps. Extrapolation of spontaneous adverse event reports for a product with substantial OTC use precludes estimates of rates/incidence. Therefore, the effect of regulatory actions in 1994/1995 is difficult to measure using this approach. Although reports have decreased since regulatory actions on quinine, quinine remains available in the U.S. by prescription and in food products/dietary supplements. This case series confirms previous smaller series that suggest quinine‐associated thrombocytopenia may present rapidly with symptoms of profound thrombocytopenia. Clinicians evaluating patients with new‐onset and apparently idiopathic thrombocytopenia should maintain clinical vigilance for ingestion of quinine and elicit a detailed food/dietary supplement history from the patient. Am. J. Hematol. 70:313–317, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dissimilarities in the process of formation of curiaú, a semi‐isolated Afro‐Brazilian population of the Amazon region
Authors: Ribeiro‐Dos‐Santos Ândrea Kely Campos , Pereira Jaciléa Maria , Lobato Mario Roberto F. , Carvalho Bruno Maia , Guerreiro João Farias , Batista Dos Santos Sidney Emanuel 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe genetic consequences of the social policy of the past in relation to the formation of Afro‐Brazilian societies are interesting and have been studied at various biological levels (classical polymorphisms and the mitochondrial and nuclear levels. These allow the estimation of the contribution of African genes and the participation of other ethnic groups in the formation of these communities. With this objective, uniparental systems of exclusively maternal (mtDNA) or paternal (Y‐DNA) inheritance in the Curiaú community were analyzed. The results demonstrate a differential contribution of the maternal and paternal genetic systems. Thirty‐three sequences were identified by mtDNA analysis; 53% showing an African and 47% an Amerindian origin. For the paternal system, 57% were of African, 37% of European, and 6% of Amerindian origin. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:440–447, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of health information in youth on adult physical activity: 20‐Year study results from the Amsterdam growth and health longitudinal study
Authors: Kemper Han C.G. , Verhagen E.A.L.M. , Milo D. , Post G.B. , Van Lenthe F. , van Mechelen W , Twisk J.W.R. , W  , de Vente W 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study (AGAHLS), a group of apparently healthy males and females (n = 200) were interviewed about their physical activities on eight separate occasions over a period of 20 years between 13 and 33 years of age (multi‐measured group: MM). Information about their health was given based on their personally measured lifestyle (activity, diet, smoking) and biological risk characteristics for chronic diseases (medical check‐ups). A comparable group of boys and girls (n = 200) was only measured on two occasions (bi‐measured group: BM): at 13 and 33 years. Physical activity was estimated with a structured interview. Total physical activity and sports activity were estimated in three intensity levels (light, moderate, and heavy). It was hypothesized that the eight repeated medical check‐ups with health information in the MM group would result in a healthier lifestyle with respect to the determinants and levels of habitual physical activity compared to the BM group. Contrary to the hypothesis, males and females in the BM group showed a significantly higher increase or a lower decrease in physical activities compared to the MM group. This negative effect on the physical activity pattern at 33 years in the MM group may have been caused by more underreporting of physical activities than in the BM group. In conclusion, there does not appear to be a significant effect of long‐term (multi‐measured) health information with medical check‐ups during adolescence and young adulthood on level of physical activity in males and females at 33 years of age. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:448–456, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Somatic comparisons of South Korean children and youths born and reared in a rural area with the descendants of rural to urban migrants
Authors: Kim Ki‐Hack , Spurgeon John H. , French Karen E. , Kim Ki‐Bong 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDuring April–May 2000 somatic data were collected on 236 males and 191 females ages 6, 9, 13, and 15 years residing in rural areas around the communities of Ankye, Euisung, and Kunwi in Kyungsang Puk Do province, South Korea, and 237 males and 219 female of the same ages born and reared at Taegu in families of “rural to urban migrants.” Comparisons were made between urban and rural groups for measures of body size and form, skinfold thickness, the body mass index (BMI), and estimated arm muscle area (ARM). Age at menarche was obtained from school records for the 13‐ and 15‐year‐olds. The data were analyzed in separate 2 (urban–rural) × 4 (age) analyses of variance with an alpha level of P < 0.01. Age differences were significant for all dimensions. There was a significant main effect for urban–rural differences in arm girth, upper limb index, and ARM. Rural males were larger in these variables. Among females, only arm girth was significantly different. Age at menarche was significantly earlier in the urban sample (12.6 years) than in the rural sample (13.0 years). Compared with both recent and earlier data for South Korea, present‐day 6‐, 9‐, 13‐, and 15‐year‐old males and females are taller and heavier at every age, indicating secular gains. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:476–485, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occupation and risk of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma
Authors: Engel Lawrence S. , Vaughan Thomas L. , Gammon Marilie D. , Chow Wong‐Ho , Risch Harvey A. , Dubrow Robert , Mayne Susan T. , Rotterdam Heidrun , Schoenberg Janet B. , Stanford Janet L. , West A. Brian , Blot William J. , Fraumeni Joseph F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundAdenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia have risen dramatically in incidence over the past few decades, however, little research has been conducted on the occupational risk factors for these cancers.MethodsIn this population‐based case‐control study, lifetime job histories were compared between cases of esophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 283), gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (n = 259), and population controls (n = 689). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ever employment and by duration in various occupational and industrial categories were calculated using unconditional logistic regression.ResultsThe risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma was elevated for persons ever employed in administrative support (OR = 1.5; 95%CI = 1.0–2.1); financial, insurance, and real estate (OR = 1.6; 95%CI = 1.0–2.4); and health services (OR = 2.2; 95%CI = 1.2–3.9). The risk of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma was increased among transportation workers (OR = 1.7; 95%CI = 1.1–2.6), as well as among carpenters (OR = 1.8; 95%CI = 0.9–3.9) and workers in the furniture manufacturing industry (OR = 2.4; 95%CI = 0.9–6.3). However, we observed few duration–response relations between length of employment in any category and cancer risk.ConclusionsThis study revealed associations of esophageal adenocarcinoma with employment in administrative support, health services, and a category of financial, insurance, and real estate industries, and of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma with transportation and certain woodworking occupations. Some of these findings may be due to the play of chance associated with the multiple comparisons made in this study. Our results suggest that, overall, workplace exposures play a minor role in the etiology and upward trend of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinomas. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:11–22, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of personal protective equipment use among Midwestern farmers
Authors: Carpenter W. Scott , Lee Barbara C. , Gunderson Paul D. , Stueland Dean T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundPersonal protective equipment (PPE) is readily available and widely recommended, yet usage among agricultural workers is largely unknown.MethodsA mail survey of 2,483 farmers in six Midwestern states with telephone follow‐up addressed PPE usage related to sun exposure, noise abatement, chain saw usage, welding and metal work, handling of large animals in and out of confinement facilities, feed handling, manure storage facilities, and mixing and applying chemicals. Summary statistics of survey responses were compiled.ResultsWith the exception of welding masks, PPE usage was low. Farmers were satisfied with availability of PPE through local hardware and farm cooperatives, but the decision to use PPE was personal and influenced little by outside parties.ConclusionPPE usage rates by farmers on Midwestern farms need to be increased. The desire of the individual farmer to reduce risk of personal injury or exposure should be targeted. The most effective venue will be local agricultural extension services. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:236–247, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of genetic risk for type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ilonen Jorma , Sjöroos Minna , Knip Mikael , Veijola Riitta , Simell Olli , Åkerblom Hans K. , Paschou Peri , Bozas Evangelos , Havarani Beatrice , Malamitsi‐Puchner Ariadne , Thymelli Joanna , Vazeou Andriani , Bartsocas Christos S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe most important gene loci defining risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are located within the HLA gene region. HLA‐DQ molecules are of primary importance but HLA‐DR gene products modify the risk conferred by HLA‐DQ. The risk associated with an HLA genotype is defined by the particular combination of susceptible and protective alleles. The highest risk is associated with a combination of two different risk haplotypes (7% risk to develop T1DM in Finland) whereas protective genotypes covering 69% of population have a risk of less than 0.2%). The complicated analysis of HLA genotypes is simplified by strong linkage disequilibrium between HLA‐DRB1, ‐DQA1 and ‐DQB1 loci. In many cases one can deduce the alleles of other loci based on determination of the alleles in one locus. Differences between various populations in the frequency of marker alleles and in the linkages between them has to be taken into account. We have developed PCR based typing methods that utilize blood spot samples, microtiter plate format and lanthanide labeled oligonucleotide probes to define HLA‐DQ and ‐DR alleles relevant for T1DM risk. Typing is run stepwise so that after initial HLA‐DQB1 typing only those samples will be further analyzed in which ‐DQA1 or ‐DRB1 typing is informative and expected to contribute to the risk estimation. This method has been used to screen more than 50,000 newborn infants in Finland over a time period of 6 years, and it has been able to identify most children who have developed T1D during the follow‐up period. The efficiency of the procedure has also been tested in Finnish and Greek populations. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“Apple‐peel” intestinal atresia, ocular anomalies, and microcephaly syndrome: Brain magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Bellini Carlo , Mazzella Massimo , Arioni Cesare , Fondelli Maria Paola , Serra Giovanni 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report on a male child with “apple‐peel” atresia associated with microcephaly and ocular anomalies. To date, no magnetic resonance imagings have been published. We report on the fourth reported case with this phenotype, but the first to be studied by brain magnetic resonance imaging. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testing for genetic associations in a spina bifida population: Analysis of the HOX gene family and human candidate gene regions implicated by mouse models of neural tube defects
Authors: Volcik K.A. , Blanton S.H. , Kruzel M.C. , Townsend I.T. , Tyerman G.H. , Mier R.J. , Northrup H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNeural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common severely disabling birth defects in the United States, affecting approximately 1–2 of every 1,000 live births. The etiology of NTDs is multifactorial, involving the combined action of both genetic and environmental factors. HOX genes play a central role in establishing the initial body plan by providing positional information along the anterior–posterior body and limb axis and have been implicated in neural tube closure. There are many mouse models that exhibit both naturally occurring NTDs in various mouse strains as well as NTDs that have been created by “knocking out” various genes. A nonparametric linkage method, the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), was utilized to test the HOX gene family and human equivalents of genes (when known) or the syntenic region in humans to those in mouse models which could play a role in the formation of NTDs. DNA from 459 spina bifida (SB) affected individuals and their parents was tested for linkage and association utilizing polymorphic markers from within or very close to the HOXA, HOXB, HOXC, and HOXD genes as well as from within the genes/gene regions of eight mouse models that exhibit NTDs. No significant findings were obtained for the tested markers. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Familial interstitial 570 kbp deletion of the UBE3A gene region causing Angelman syndrome but not Prader‐Willi syndrome
Authors: Bürger Joachim , Horn Denise , Tönnies Holger , Neitzel Heidemarie , Reis André 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAngelman syndrome (AS) is a disorder of psychomotor development caused by loss of function of the imprinted UBE3A gene. Since the paternal UBE3A copy is regularly silent, only mutations inactivating the maternal copy cause AS. Among 1,272 patients suspected of AS, we found one with an isolated deletion of the UBE3A gene on the maternally inherited chromosome. Initial DNA methylation testing at the SNURF‐SNRPN locus in the patient revealed a normal pattern. The deletion was only detected through allelic loss at microsatellite loci D15S1506, D15S122, and D15S210, and confirmed with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) probes derived from the loci. It extends approximately 570 kilobase pairs (kbp), encompassing the UBE3A locus, and is flanked by loci PAR/SN and D15S986. The deletion is familial, and haplotype studies suggest that a great grandfather of the index patient already carried this deletion, and that it causes AS when inherited through the female germline but not Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) when paternally inherited. Our findings support the hypothesis that the functional loss of maternal UBE3A gene activity is sufficient to cause AS and that the deleted region does not contain genes or other structures that are involved in PWS. Finally, this case highlights that methylation tests can fail to detect some familial AS cases with a recurrence risk of 50%. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A risk‐factor model of epistatic interaction, focusing on autism
Authors: Jones Marshall B. , Szatmari Peter 
Published: October 2002

AbstractResearch to date on the genetics of autism has not uncovered a major susceptibility locus and indications are that a number of genes, perhaps as many as 15–20, may play detectable but minor roles in the etiology of the condition. To cope with this situation, a risk‐factor model based on standard epidemiologic designs is proposed. The model supposes that adding a factor to a fixed set of existing factors always increases the total risk. Thus, according to the model genetic contributions cumulate but are not necessarily additive. A threshold, hence, epistasis is required. The model is applied to several conditions in which the risk of autism is elevated, some genetic (fragile X, tuberous sclerosis) and some exogenous (rubella and thalidomide embryopathies). Male gender is discussed as a risk factor. This approach is contrasted primarily with Gillberg and Coleman's view of autism as “a syndrome or series of syndromes caused by many different separate individual diseases.” The principal point of difference is whether the effects of different causes cumulate or do not cumulate. In the present approach they do, in Gillberg and Coleman's they do not. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.