bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight Predicts ETV Success in Pediatric Hydrocephalus Patients
Authors: Black Hannah , Succop Ben , Stuebe Caren , Torres Andrea , Caddell Drew , Quinsey Carolyn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective: The use of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus has higher failure rates in younger patients, notably less than 2.5 months of age. Here we investigated the impact of select perioperative variables, specifically gestational age, chronological age, birth weight, and surgical weight, on ETV failure rates.
Methods: A retrospective review was performed on patients treated with ETV/CPC from 2010 to 2021 at a large academic center. Analyses included Cox regression for independent predictors and Kaplan-Meier survival curves for time to-event outcomes.
Results: 47 patients underwent ETV/CPC at our institution. Overall, 65.6% of the cohort experienced ETV failure with a median failure onset of 36 days postoperatively until failure occurred. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed weight at the time of ETV surgery was significantly inversely associated with ETV failure with a hazard ratio of 0.92 (95% CI 0.82, 0.99). Multivariate analysis redemonstrated the inverse association of weight at time of surgery with ETV failure with hazard ratio of 0.76 (95% CI 0.60, 0.92) The associated ROC had an area under the curve of 0.7490 (95% CI 0.61, 0.89, p=0.02) demonstrating moderate validity in the value of surgery weight as a predictor for ETV failure. The weight cutoff with highest AUC was 4.9 kg (sensitivity: 74% specificity: 69%).
Conclusions: Low weight at time of surgery can be an independent predictor of ETV/CPC failure. Previous studies assessing the relationship between ETV/CPC failure and age may have been confounded by not accounting for surgical weight.
Analysis of amino acids in Meconopsis quintuplinervia by HPLC-MS and exploration of geographical distribution pattern
Authors: Feng Dan , Sun Jing , Long Ruolan , Luo Xi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The amino acids in Tibetan medicine herb Meconopsis quintuplinervia from sixteen different populations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) with derivative reagent 10-ethyl acridine-2-sulfonyl chloride (EASC). Among all the amino acids, phenylalanine was the most abundant, followed by glycine, tryptophan, and lysine. These results suggest that the use of EASC provided a fast and sensitive method for amino acid detection and that the concentrations of essential amino acids were relatively high. Mass spectrometry results verified the accuracy of the HPLC results. To reveal the influence of the ecological environment on the contents and type of amino acids, we analyzed the HPLC determination results in combination with environmental factors. Specifically, cluster analysis was used to classify groups, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation analysis methods were used to quantify and analyse the influence of environmental factors on the types and contents of amino acids. The results show that the sixteen populations were divided into 4 groups, with the distribution of amino acid components in M. quintuplinervia affected by the content of total N (A-N), available K (S-K). Pearson correlation analysis shows that soil organic matter (OR), A-N, available P (S-P) and available N (S-N) in soil positive correlation between most amino acids, and negative correlation between A-K and most amino acids. The derivatization method established in this study can be used for rapid determination of various amino acids, and the influence of environmental factors on amino acid content in M. quintuplinervia was revealed. The research results can provide basic data for the protection, development, and utilization of M. quintuplinervia.
Decoding breast cancer Histopathology: Machine Learning-Enhanced Advanced Mathematical Models in Multi-B-Value MR Diffusion Imaging
Authors: Amini Behnam , Ghasemi Moein , Farazandeh Dorreh , Farzaneh Hana , Torabi Sarah , Sedaghat Mona , Jafarimehrabady Niloofar , Hajiabbasi Mobasher , Aziz Ashkan , Gorjestani OmidReza , Naviafar Anahita , Alaei Maryam , Hosseini Mohammad M. , Karimi Nastaran , Parsaei Amirhossein , Doshmanziari Reza , Vajihinejad Maryam , Dehnavi Ali Zare , Rikhtehgar Masih , Nokiani Alireza Almasi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study aims to advance breast cancer (BC) subtype classification by employing machine learning algorithms to identify key diffusion parameters from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC0-800) histogram, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). A total of 148 newly diagnosed BC patients were enrolled, confirmed through core needle biopsy, and subjected to histopathological analyses to assess key molecular markers such as estrogen and progesterone receptors (collectively termed hormone receptors), HER2, and ki67. These markers were then used to classify BC subtypes. Utilizing advanced post-processing techniques on multi-b-value MR Images, the study employed a diverse set of machine learning (ML) algorithms (supervised, unsupervised, and deep learning techniques) to quantitatively assess their diagnostic utility and subsequently identify algorithmically refined diffusion signatures. Machine learning algorithms demonstrated varying efficacies in the classification of BC subtypes. Key diffusion parameters were prioritized based on feature importance values from the ML models with the highest mean AUC and were further validated using group comparison tests and univariate logistic regression. In conclusion, our findings underscore the importance of tailored ML algorithms in classifying BC subtypes and advocate for a synergistic approach in personalized oncology and precision medicine.
Improved nitrate-to-ammonia electrocatalysis through hydrogen poisoning effects
Authors: Li Jiayuan , Li Yuefei , Tan Yuan , zhang Mingkai , Hu Jun , Chen Zhong , Ma Yuanyuan , Qu Yongquan , Su Laisuo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Electrochemical nitrate-to-ammonia conversion affords an efficient approach for carbon-free ammonia production and nitrate pollutant removal. However, it suffers from low productive efficiency or high energy consumption due to lack of desired electrocatalysts. Here we report cobalt-doped nickel phosphides supported on carbon cloth for nitrate-to-ammonia electrocatalysis that display a record-high ammonia production rate of 88.4 g gcat−1 h− 1 and Faraday efficiency of ~ 100% at low energy consumption of 22.7 kWh kgammonia−1. In situ experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that these catalysts benefit from hydrogen poisoning effects on catalyst surface under low overpotentials, which leave behind the catalytically inert poisoned hydrogen atoms and in turn enable ideally reactive ones around them. The former blocks their nearby hydrogen-hydrogen dimerization for hydrogen evolution while the latter drives nitrate hydrogenation timely. With these catalysts, a profitable technology for continuous ammonia production and formaldehyde capture is further shown in an improved flow cell.
Practical Investigations of Wireless Multiple-Power Charging Unit for Electron Quench Detection Device in the Super High Field Superconducting Magnet
Authors: Chung Yoon Do , Chu Yong , Kim Jiseong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

A rapid and reliable quench detection is vital for high current superconducting magnet system to prevent irreversible damage to a magnet by the quench phenomenon. The method for detecting the occurrence of a resistive transition has been widely adopted in the superconducting magnet. In the case of the voltage monitoring by means of dedicated taps, the electron quench detection device (EQDD) conversion unit, which converts detected high voltages into voltage-drop signal, should be required in the superconducting high field magnet. The power source of traditional quench detecting system (QDS), which can monitor for superconducting magnet with middle power operation, is supplied through the power transformer since the transformer can provide galvanic isolation between circuits. On the other hand, in the case of the super high magnet systems such as Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) and International Thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER), since the maximum operation current and voltage of the super high field magnet keep over 60 kA and 50 kV DC, a passive component, which has strong an isolation device and high dielectric resistor qualities, has been required in the super high field magnet. If the power transformer is adopted in the super high field magnet, it can cause high cost for volume capacity since it needs for higher dielectric resistance value over 500MΩ. Authors proposed the wireless resonance antenna and multi-receiver coils which can keep high level of dielectric resistance value with stability. As well as, the wireless power charging unit can reduce system volume due to multi-charging receivers for one antenna. In this study, authors investigate the electric field (EF) and magnetic field (MF) among the resonance coils under 300 W 370kHz RF power generator since the strong electromagnetic fields by the resonance coils can affect the electron devices inside of the EQDD module.
Diagnostic and prognostic efficiency of calculated complex prostate-specific antigen percentage (cPSA%) for prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia
Authors: Omer Sara Abdelmahmoud , Ismail Amar Mohamed , Altayb Hisham N. , Abdrabo AbdElkarim A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Serum cPSA% provides evidence for prostate cancer (PCa) staging and differential diagnosis from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This study examined the effectiveness of the calculated cPSA% as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for PCa and to differentiate between PCa and BPH.
Methods
In a case-control study, serum total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) and free prostate-specific antigen (fPSA) were measured in newly diagnosed PCa and BPH patients. The cPSA% and fPSA% were calculated. The sensitivity and specificity of the tPSA-faction isoforms were analyzed and evaluated in the study groups.
Results
In PCa, the average cPSA% was significantly higher and fPSA% was lower (86.0 ± 30.4% and 14.0 ± 3.50%, p < 0.001). In the all levels of tPSA, cPSA showed the highest sensitivity and fPSA higher specificity (69%, AUC: 0.723, and 72%, AUC: 0.253). In the tPSA range of 4–10 ng/ml, cPSA% and fPSA% have similar efficiency, whereas, at 10–50 ng/ml, cPSA noticed higher efficiency than fPSA (92%, AUC: 0.549 and 51%, AUC: 0.369).
Conclusion
The cPSA achieves the requirements of PCa biomarkers and has greater efficiency for the diagnosis of PCa and differentiating it from BPH in gray-zone and late stages.
Compartmental models with underlying renewal process: survival analysis and applications to SVIS epidemic models
Authors: Wanduku Divine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Compartmental models assuming exponentially distributed lifetime stages are limited because of a constant hazard rate. Here, a theoretical compartmental model for a system with general lifetime distributions is studied. The model represents the transition rates between jumps of a renewal process in the system. Applications are given for the SVIS disease epidemic model, to investigate the impacts of the hazard rate functions (HRFs) on disease control. The new SVIS model is a non-autonomous nonlinear system (NANLS) of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), with coefficients that are HRFs. Moreover, for a class of lifetime distributions, the NANLS of ODEs is asymptotically autonomous. Four asymptotic behaviors of the HRFs: a monotonic, a bathtub, a reverse bathtub and a constant shape are explored to determine the asymptotic population for disease eradication. Also, analysis is conducted to determine the sensitivity of the epidemic system to the hazard rate behaviors over time. Numerical simulation results are given for different lifetime models representing hazard behaviors for vaccine efficacy and immunity.
2000 MSC: 92B15, 62N05, 60E05, 92D25
Uncovering physical activity tradeoffs in transportation policy: A spatial agent-based model of Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Stankov Ivana , Meisel Jose D. , Sarmiento Olga Lucia , Delclòs-Alió Xavier , Hidalgo Dario , Guzman Luis A. , Rodriguez Daniel A. , Hammond Ross A. , Roux Ana V. Diez 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Transportation policies can impact health outcomes while simultaneously promoting social equity and environmental sustainability. We developed an agent-based model (ABM) to simulate the impacts of fare subsidies and congestion taxes on commuter decision-making and travel patterns.
We report effects on mode share, travel time and transport-related physical activity (PA), including the variability of effects by socioeconomic strata (SES), and the tradeoffs that may need to be considered in the implementation of these policies in a context with high levels of necessity-based physical activity.
Methods: The ABM design was informed by local stakeholder engagement. The demographic and spatial characteristics of the in-silico city, and its residents, were informed by local surveys and empirical studies. We used ridership and travel time data from the 2019 Bogota Household Travel Survey to calibrate and validate the model by SES. We then explored the impacts of fare subsidy and congestion tax policy scenarios.
Results: Our baseline model reproduced commuting patterns observed in Bogotá. Its outputs were also robust to sensitivity analyses. At the city-level, congestion taxes fractionally reduced car use, including among mid-to-high SES groups but not among low SES commuters. Neither travel times, or physical activity levels were impacted at the city-level or by SES. Comparatively, fare subsidies promoted city-level public transit (PT) ridership, particularly under a ‘free-fare’ scenario, largely through reductions in walking trips. ‘Free fare’ policies also led to a large reduction in very long walking times, and an overall reduction in the commuting-based attainment of physical activity guidelines. Differential effects were observed by SES, with free fares promoting PT ridership primarily among low-and-middle SES groups. These shifts to PT reduced median walking times among all SES groups, particularly low-SES groups. Moreover, the proportion of low-to-mid SES commuters meeting weekly physical activity recommendations decreased under the free fare policy, with no change observed among high-SES groups.
Conclusions: Transport policies can differentially impact SES-level disparities in necessity-based walking and travel times. Understanding these impacts is critical in shaping transportation policies that balance the dual aims of reducing SES-level disparities in travel time (and time poverty) and the promotion of choice-based physical activity.
Lapatinib-induced ErbB1 Inhibition Modulates Caco-2 Intestinal Permeability Through Tight Junction Alteration
Authors: Zain Wan Nor I'zzah Wan Mohamad , Sharin Raja Nur Firzanah Syaza Raja , Khan Jesmine , Ibahim Mohammad Johari , Bowen Joanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lapatinib (LAP), a dual ErbB1 and ErbB2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is effective in ErbB2-positive breast cancer treatment but is associated with diarrhoea. ErbB1 is expressed in the intestine; thus, it is hypothesised that lapatinib inhibits normal ErbB1 function, causing diarrhoea. This study investigated the possible involvement of ErbB1 inhibition in the underlying mechanism of lapatinib-induced diarrhoea. Caco-2 intestinal monolayers were treated with LAP and LAP in combination with recombinant epidermal growth factor (LAP+rEGF). Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of the Caco-2 monolayer and paracellular transport of Lucifer yellow were measured, while the expression of the tight junction proteins (TJPs) claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 and the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were determined using qPCR and immunofluorescence staining. LAP significantly decreased TEER compared to the control untreated monolayer (p < 0.05) at 96 hours. Higher Lucifer yellow permeability was observed in the LAP group but was not significantly different from that in the control group. LAP suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of TJPs, whereas cotreatment with rEGF counteracted LAP inhibition (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the LAP group. Surprisingly, rEGF treatment increased IL-6 mRNA expression (p < 0.01). However, it is suggested that IL-6 is involved in intestinal epithelial proliferation induced by rEGF rather than inflammation. Lapatinib increased Caco-2 intestinal monolayer permeability and reduced tight junction expression by inhibiting ErbB1 expression, suggesting a mechanism of lapatinib-induced diarrhoea.
Implantable Trilayer Microneedle Transdermal Delivery System to Enhance Bioavailability and Brain Delivery of Rivastigmine for Alzheimer Treatment: a Proof-of-concept Study
Authors: Aulia Nur Rezky , Putri Aprilia Paramitha Dwi , Pratama Febriansyah Anandha , Abdullah Dian Arnita Putri , Azzahra Kanaya Shafi , Permana Andi Dian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rivastigmine (RV), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, is commonly used to treat Alzheimer's disease (ALZ). Regrettably, RV is available in the capsule form, associated with reduced drug bioavailability, and in patch form, which may cause skin irritation after repeated use. A controlled RV release implantable trilayer dissolving microneedle (TDMN) was developed in this study to address the issue of RV administration. RV encapsulated in slow-biodegrading polycaprolactone (PCL) that is used for needle implantation in the first layer. After selecting the best formulation, it was tested for in vitro release, ex vivo permeation, and in vivo pharmacokinetics to ensure its dependability. The mechanical strength and penetration of TDMN allow for cutaneous administration of RV. TDMN penetrated up to 4 layers of parafilm® and needle reduced < 10%, indicating strong mechanical strength. In in vitro and ex vivo drug release, TDMN distributes RV more continuously than the dissolving microneedle (DMN) as a control. After 168 hours, TDMN released 91.34 ± 11.39% RV, while control was 99.40 ± 0.47%. In ex vivo permeation, TDMN provides 2.606 ± 58.9 µg/cm2 RV, while control provides 32.111 ± 782.54 µg/cm2. TDMN sustained RV values of 0.54 ± 0.09 µg/mL and 1.23 ± 0.26 µg/g in plasma and brain throughout 168 hours of in vivo pharmacokinetic testing. Transdermal delivery using TDMN resulted in a 2-fold increase in brain concentration compared to oral administration in pharmacokinetic study, TDMN treatment showed significantly greater area under curve (AUC) and mean residence time (MRT) values than DMN, patch, and oral administration (p < 0.05).
Discovery of a novel DYRK1A Inhibitor with neuroprotective activity by virtual screening and in vitro biological evaluation
Authors: Si Xinxin , Qian Chenliang , Qiu Nianzhuang , Wang Yaling , Yao Mingli , Wang Hao , Zhang Xuehui , Xia Jie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is implicated in accumulation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ), phosphorylation of Tau proteins, and may eventually cause neurodegenerative diseases. Though many DYRK1A inhibitors have been discovered, there is still no marketed drug targeting DYRK1A. This is partly due to the lack of effective and safe chemotypes; therefore, it is still necessary to identify new classes of DYRK1A inhibitors. By the design of a virtual screening workflow composed of pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking and the following practical application, we identified compound L9, ((Z)-1-(((5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) methylene)-amino)-1H-tetrazol-5-amine), as a moderately active DYRK1A inhibitor (IC50: 1.67 μM). This compound was structurally diverse compared with the known DYRK1A inhibitors, showed a unique binding mode to DYRK1A, and was not toxic to either SH-SY5Y cells or HL-7702 hepatocytes (IC50＞100 μM). Furthermore, compound L9 showed neuroprotective activity by regulating the expression of Aβ and phosphorylation of Tau protein. In conclusion, we have identified a novel DYRK1A inhibitor through virtual screening and in vitro biological evaluation, which holds the promise for further study.
Multivariate statistical analysis to assess the surface water quality of a snow and glacier-fed river: A case from Alaknanda River basin
Authors: Rautela Kuldeep Singh , Kumar Dilip , Khati Bhishm Singh , Rawat Amit , Dubey Amit Kumar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The water quality of Himalayan rivers has declined due to human activities, untreated effluent discharge, and poor sewage and drainage systems. The current study aimed to assess the water quality of these rivers using multivariate statistical analysis throughout four seasons. The analyses of 44 surface water samples taken during the monsoon, winter, spring, and summer seasons are well within the ranges acceptable for drinking and domestic use after the sedimentation. The suspended soils and turbidity are highly correlated and affect the water quality index (WQI). The WQI of headwater streams is good during low water flow seasons and poor during high water flow seasons. This is due to the number of melting glaciers and suspended solids/turbidity. Principal component analysis shows that in all the seasons, human activities such as road-cutting projects across the river and natural causes such as intense rainfall and melting of moraine-filled glaciers both impact the WQI. The findings of this study provide important information for future research and policy decisions aimed at improving the water quality of the Himalayan rivers.
Antibacterial Behavior of Silver Diamine Fluoride, Sodium Hypochlorite and Ozone Gel on Enterococcus faecalis in Root Canal of Deciduous Teeth
Authors: Teimoory Naimeh , Yegane-Sefidan Fatemeh , Nouri Roghayeh , Erfanparast Leila , Rezai Yashar , Vatandoost Masoomeh 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:

Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) has been reported as one of the most important causes of failed endodontic treatments. Various antibacterial agents have been suggested to remove E. faecalis from the root canal. We aimed to investigate and compare the antibacterial efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF), Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ozone gel on E. faecalis in the root canal.

Materials and Methods:
This study involved 60 extracted roots of molar teeth with a single root canal to generate a 6-week-old biofilm for evaluating antibacterial effects. After teeth decorating and removing the smear layer using sodium hypochlorite (2.5%) and EDTA (17%), roots were sterilized by autoclave. Under sterile conditions, 1 ml of the suspension containing E. faecalis bacteria was transferred to each of the microtubes containing teeth. The samples were divided into four groups: exposed to NaOCl (2.5%) as a positive control, exposed to liquid ozone (25 ppm), exposed to SDF (3.8%), and exposed to normal saline as a negative control group. Then, the colony forming unit (CFU) was counted in the studied groups. Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn-Bonferroni post-hoc analysis were carried out for comparison of CFU in the studied groups.

Results:
The mean of CFU were 17846, 920, 234, and 336 for saline, ozone, NaOCl, and SDF, respectively. There were significant differences in CFU in the comparison of (NaOCl-Ozone), (NaOCl-saline), (SDF-saline), and (ozone-saline) (P< 0.05). However, there was no significant difference for CFU in the comparison of NaOCl-SDF (P= 0.570).

Conclusion:
The study findings showed that NaOCl (2.5%) and SDF (3.8%) were more effective against the 6-week-old E. faecalis biofilms than ozone and saline.