bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model‐based dose optimization framework for bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid for the treatment of drug‐resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Mehta Krina , Guo Tingjie , van der Graaf Piet H. , van Hasselt J. G. Coen 
Published: October 2023

AimsBedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid (BPaL) combination treatment against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is promising, yet safety and adherence concerns exist that motivate exploration of alternative dosing regimens. We developed a mechanistic modelling framework to compare the efficacy of the current and alternative BPaL treatment strategies.MethodsPharmacodynamic models for each drug in the BPaL combination treatment were developed using in vitro time‐kill data. These models were combined with pharmacokinetic models, incorporating body weight, lesion volume, site‐of‐action distribution, bacterial susceptibility and pharmacodynamic interactions to assemble the framework. The model was qualified by comparing the simulations against the observed clinical data. Simulations were performed evaluating bedaquiline and linezolid approved (bedaquiline 400 mg once daily [QD] for 14 days followed by 200 mg three times a week, linezolid 1200 mg QD) and alternative dosing regimens (bedaquiline 200 mg QD, linezolid 600 mg QD).ResultsThe framework adequately described the observed antibacterial activity data in patients following monotherapy for each drug and approved BPaL dosing. The simulations suggested a minor difference in median time to colony forming unit (CFU)‐clearance state with the bedaquiline alternative compared to the approved dosing and the linezolid alternative compared to the approved dosing. Median time to non‐replicating‐clearance state was predicted to be 15 days from the CFU‐clearance state.ConclusionsThe model‐based simulations suggested that comparable efficacy can be achieved using alternative bedaquiline and linezolid dosing, which may improve safety and adherence in drug‐resistant tuberculosis patients. The framework can be utilized to evaluate treatment optimization approaches, including dosing regimen and duration of treatment predictions to eradicate both replicating‐ and non‐replicating bacteria from lung and lesions.
Making it happen: Development of an interprofessional deprescribing education programme
Authors: Kennie‐Kaulbach Natalie , Ramsay Emma , Gormley Hannah , Isenor Jennifer E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDeprescribing is the planned and supervised reduction or discontinuation of medications that may be causing harm or are no longer benefiting a patient. The need for deprescribing to be a routine part of patient care is essential with an aging population and the rising prevalence of polypharmacy, which has been associated with increased adverse outcomes such as falls, hospitalizations and mortality. Deprescribing is a complex intervention that requires collaboration between the patient, caregivers and healthcare providers to adequately support all involved, as well as to ensure medications are not restarted in error. The objective of this article is to describe the stepwise approach to planning and ongoing development of an online, interprofessional deprescribing education programme for healthcare providers and students with the goal of enhancing deprescribing practice. There were four main planning and development components: (1) a needs assessment to provide guidance on programme design, development and delivery; (2) a consultative programme planning process with an advisory group of stakeholders and patient partners to inform programme learning outcomes and content; (3) a core development team for the creation of programme content; and (4) planning for programme evaluation. Based on the stepwise and consultative process, programme outcomes were identified, and five modules were developed.
Real world evidence supports waking salivary cortisone as a screening test for adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Debono Miguel , Caunt Sharon , Elder Charlotte , Fearnside Jane , Lewis Jen , Keevil Brian , Dixon Simon , Ross Richard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveWorldwide, adults and children are at risk of adrenal insufficiency largely due to infectious diseases and adrenal suppression from use of anti‐inflammatory glucocorticoids. Home waking salivary cortisone is an accurate screening test for adrenal insufficiency, it has potential to reduce costs, and patients prefer it to the adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) (synacthen) stimulation test. We carried out a service evaluation of home waking salivary cortisone in clinical care to identify implementation barriers.Design, Patients and MeasurementsService evaluation in a centre where 212 patients referred for adrenal insufficiency had a waking salivary cortisone. Problems encountered during testing were recorded and patient feedback, via focus groups, collected.ResultsFrom all patients providing a waking salivary cortisone 55% had a normal test, 23% adrenal suppression, and 22% an equivocal result requiring a clinical centre ACTH stimulation test. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) for the time of the saliva sample was 07:40 (07:00–08:40). The median (IQR) days between collection and (i) delivery to local laboratory was 1 (0.25–2) day; (ii) reporting by local laboratory was 13 (11–18) days. Patients considered the test is “easy to do” and preferred it to the inpatient ACTH stimulation test. The principal challenge to clinical implementation was results reporting to clinicians due to delays at the local laboratory.ConclusionsThis service evaluation provides real‐world evidence that home waking salivary cortisone is an effective, practical screening test for adrenal insufficiency. It identified key barriers to testing implementation that need to be addressed when introducing the test to a health service.
Collusion or governance? Common ownership and corporate risk‐taking
Authors: Yao Shouyu , Guo Xinyu , Sensoy Ahmet , Goodell John W. , Cheng Feiyang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractResearch QuestionDisputes over the corporate governance impacts of common ownership continue. Differentiating from existing studies, we focus on the Chinese stock market, exploiting the Top 10 Shareholding File, which includes various investors besides institutional investors, to study the impact of common ownership built through blockholders on corporate risk‐taking behavior.Research FindingsWe find that firms with higher common ownership are less likely to engage in corporate risk‐taking, with concomitant decreases in future growth rates. Mechanism analysis shows that blockholders' common ownership exerts its influence through increasing market concentration, with concomitant lessening of market competition. Interestingly, further analyses indicate that, in contrast to blockholders, ownership connectedness built by mutual fund families significantly raises corporate risk‐taking along with growth. However, individual investors' common ownership does not show the significant statistical relationship with corporate risk‐taking.Theoretical ImplicationsWe add to the debate on common ownership on corporate governance. Consistent with the anti‐competition stream of literature, the risk‐taking‐reduction role we identify for blockholder common ownership supports the theory of anti‐competition. Our results highlight the need to consider the heterogeneity of common ownership.Policy ImplicationsWhile blockholder common ownership is evidenced to have a negative effect on corporate risk‐taking, with, by extension, a negative impact on economic development, our results also suggest that efficient monitoring mitigates these effects. We also document an interesting heterogeneity in investor types. Mutual fund common ownership, in contrast to blockholder common ownership, is associated with higher risk‐taking and more robust firm growth. This suggests the positive role of institutions in corporate governance and the necessity of considering the heterogeneity of common ownership.
Plurigenealogies: Marriage and address to women in Foucault's Confessions of the Flesh
Authors: Deutscher Penelope 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHow does the publication of Confessions of the Flesh impact feminist critique of Foucault's History of Sexuality project? The paper addresses this question in two ways: by asking how reflection on continuities and ruptures has, and can, be productive for feminist critique; and by revisiting the role of women in all four volumes. The terms of their inclusion have been considered an omission, particularly because the project omits same‐sex eros between women. Where women appear, they are framed as spouses, or as subordinated to some form of authority. And yet, insofar as the project contains more than one genealogical dimension, Foucault's “marriages” also belong to proximate plurigenealogies. In Confession's focus on the conditions for a juridical and divided self's subjectivation by will and desire, even the limited parameters within which women appear in the project incite the following question. What are the implications of Confessions of the Flesh's juridical self for genealogies of female subjectivation?
High‐resolution patterning on LTCC by transfer of photolithography‐based metallic microstructures
Authors: Supreeti Shraddha , Fischer Michael , Fritz Mathias , Müller Jens 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe growing applications and constant miniaturization of electronic devices and of low‐temperature co‐fired ceramics (LTCC) in various fields, such as aviation, telecommunications, automotive, satellite communications, and military, have led to an increase in the demand for LTCC. Such prospects arise due to the continuous scaling down of components and high‐density interconnection in electronics packaging. This paper reports a technique for the transfer of high‐resolution microstructures from silicon substrates to LTCC. In this method, gold and copper patterns were formed by photolithography, electrodeposition, and residual layer stripping on silicon substrate. Lithography provides the opportunity to create and transfer complex patterns for use in several different applications and electroplating enables the use of pure metal for excellent electrical properties. The developed structures were transferred onto a top layer of LTCC tape using hot embossing. Then, the subsequent layers were stacked, laminated, and sintered. A resolution of 1.5 μm after free sintering and 4.5 μm after pressure‐assisted sintering was achieved. This distinctive method can be useful for several applications requiring high‐resolution and superior electrical properties.
Fabrication of Er3+:YAlO3 fibers by electrospinning method for upconversion luminescence applications
Authors: Gan Xinzhu , Tian Bin , Wang Zhigang , Xu Yong , Li Ling , Wang Lin , Xu Chonghe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to prepare YAlO3 fibers doped with 2 mol% Er3+ using electrospinning and a carbon‐free sol system as the precursor. X‐ray diffraction, thermal gravimetry and differential thermal analysis, and Fourier transform infrared were employed to characterize the thermal behavior and crystallization process of the precursor fibers. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed that the Er3+:YAlO3 fibers had a uniform diameter of 1 μm, a dense and crack‐free surface, and a non‐porous cross‐section. Upon excitation at 450 and 488 nm, upconverted luminescence spectra were obtained from the Er3+:YAlO3 fibers. This observation indicates their potential as upconversion luminescent agents capable of converting visible light into ultraviolet light. These properties make the Er3+:YAlO3 fibers promising candidates for various upconversion luminescence applications.
Preparation and ablation resistance of carbon fiber with yttrium silicate coating
Authors: Wang Shuang , Huang Haiming , Yao Jun , Zhou Changling , Jiang Kai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn order to solve the shortcoming of fiber oxidation in a high‐temperature environment and improve the antiablative performance, yttrium silicate is coated on the carbon fibers’ surface by the sol‐gel process. In the present work, investigations of the ablation resistance of carbon fiber composites with yttrium silicate coatings (YS‐CFs) prepared by different sol contents and sintering temperatures are reported. The results show that YS‐CFs exhibit excellent ablation resistance in the oxyacetylene test with a heat flow of 1.5 MW/m2. The surface coating of carbon fiber is composed of a mixture of cristobalite, yttrium monosilicate, and yttrium disilicate. The best ceramic coating could be obtained by dipping 20% silica sol and 14% yttrium sol in turn and sintering at 1300°C. In this case, the linear and mass ablation rates reach the minimum values of .667 μm/s and 2.975 mg/s, respectively. YS‐CFs could be used as reinforcements for thermal protection materials in high‐temperature environments.
Comparative analysis of three immunochromatographic test strips for rapid detection of cadmium ion in Asparagus
Authors: Zhu Zhanwang , Jia Jingze , Xu Naifeng , Zhu Jiangxiong , Wang Jue , Wang Yuanfeng 
Published: October 2023

SummaryCurrently, there is increasing concern regarding the presence of cadmium ion (Cd2+) residues in Asparagus, necessitating the development of a rapid, sensitive and effective detection method. Immunochromatographic detection techniques offer a swift and efficient primary screening approach, significantly reducing labour and material resources compared to traditional detection methods. In this study, we aimed to construct and optimise an immunochromatographic test strip method for precise determination of Cd2+ content in Asparagus. To achieve this, monoclonal cadmium antibody (4A9) was prepared and conjugated with colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), latex microspheres (LM) and polydopamine (PDA) to create immunoprobes for test strip construction. We optimised key factors, such as probe parameters, strip assembly conditions and sample pretreatment methods. The sensitivity and detection capabilities of the three test strips were evaluated using actual Asparagus samples. The results demonstrated that all three immunochromatographic test strips exhibited high sensitivity, efficiency and rapidity in detecting Cd2+ levels in Asparagus. Notably, the LM‐based and PDA‐based test strips showed outstanding performance, with a visual limit of detection (vLOD) of 0.1 ng mL−1 and an elimination value of 2.0 ng mL−1. These findings underscore the promising potential of these test strips for practical cadmium detection in Asparagus samples.
Why don't dental teams routinely discuss dentine hypersensitivity during consultations? A qualitative study informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Asimakopoulou Koula , West Nicola , Davies Maria , Gupta Anisha , Parkinson Charlie , Scambler Sasha 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimAlthough dentine hypersensitivity is widespread, can cause substantial pain and impact quality of life, it is not routinely discussed during dental consultations. This qualitative study aimed to develop an understanding of the barriers and facilitators to these discussions.Materials and MethodsUsing the Theoretical Domains Framework to shape the topic guide, N = 7 online focus groups were organized with a total N = 40 participants comprising experienced dentists, dental foundation trainees and dental care professionals. Inductive and deductive thematic analyses of the anonymized, transcribed focus group conversations were undertaken.ResultsAn attitude–behaviour gap was observed in dental teams' accounts. Although they saw it as part of their professional role to routinely discuss sensitivity, and believed that such conversations were ‘an easy win’, in practice they experienced several behavioural barriers that hindered these conversations from taking place. These included competing priorities, a perceived lack of seriousness and assessment of dentine hypersensitivity and practical issues such as time.ConclusionsSystemic (e.g., lack of time and training, professional culture) and behavioural (e.g., dental teams' belief that conversations should take place only with patients likely to be adherent) barriers to dentine hypersensitivity conversations explain why these conversations do not routinely take place.
The inclusion of adults with intellectual disabilities in health research – challenges, barriers and opportunities: a mixed‐method study among stakeholders in England
Authors: Bishop R. , Laugharne R. , Shaw N. , Russell A. M. , Goodley D. , Banerjee S. , Clack E. ,   SpeakUp,   CHAMPS, Shankar R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe study aims to understand system barriers to research participation for people with intellectual disabilities.MethodsA mixed‐methods approach examined the inclusivity of people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) in a random sample of National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) studies conducted in 2019–2020. An online questionnaire (stage 1) was sent to the selected studies lead investigators. An expert by experience panel of 25 people with intellectual disabilities (IDs, stage 2), discussed the stage 1 feedback. Descriptive statistics for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data was conducted.ResultsOf 180 studies reviewed, 131 studies (78%) excluded people with IDs. Of these, 45 (34.3%) study researchers provided feedback. Seven (20%) of the 34 studies which included people with IDs gave feedback. Of all respondents over half felt their study had some relevance to people with IDs. A minority (7.6%) stated their study had no relevance. For a quarter of respondents (23.5%), resource issues were a challenge. Qualitative analysis of both stages produced four overarching themes of Research design and delivery, Informed consent, Resource allocation, and Knowledge and skills.ConclusionHealth research continues to exclude people with IDs. Researchers and experts by experience identified non‐accessible research design, lack of confidence with capacity and consent processes, limited resources such as time and a need for training as barriers. Ethics committees appear reluctant to include people with cognitive deficits to ‘protect’ them. People with IDs want to be included in research, not only as participants but also through coproduction.
Effect of age and sex on hematological and biochemical parameters in Chinese rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) anesthetized with ketamine
Authors: Zhu Gaohong , Liu Xuedan , Feng Jiaojiao , Deng Yun , Li Yijiang , Ma Qionglin , Chen Lilin , Su Yulin , Ping An , Xie Fei , Wang Tinghua , Lv Longbao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveRhesus monkeys are increasingly used in biomedical research, which makes their hematological and biochemical parameters increasingly important in preclinical research. Since age and sex can influence blood parameters, establishing reference intervals for such parameters based on age and sex becomes along with identifying the effect of age and sex on those parameters.MethodsA total of 1385 healthy Chinese rhesus monkeys (548 males and 837 females) anesthetized with ketamine were selected and segregated by age (six groups) and sex. A total of 21 hematological and 26 biochemical parameters were measured, and the effects of age and sex were analyzed.ResultsWe established baseline indices for hematological and biochemical parameters based on age and sex, separately, and observed significant impacts of age, sex, and age‐sex interactions on blood parameters. Among different age groups, significant differences were found in WBC, NEUT%, LYM%, EO%, LYM#, EO#, MCV, RDW‐CV, PLT, MPV, PDW, PCT, TP, Alb, GLB, A/G, ALT, AST, ALP, TBIL, GGT, BUN, Cre, GLU, CK, TRIG, LDL, HCY, IL‐6 FOL, Vit B12, VIT D‐T, PTH, and AMH. Additionally, significant differences were observed in RBC, HGB, HCT, MPV, Alb, BUN, Cre, GLU, CHOL, TRIG, HDL, LDL, HCY, and VIT D‐T between the two sexes. An age‐sex interaction exerted a significant effect on WBC, NEUT#, MCV, MCHC, PDW, GLB, ALP, Cre, CHOL, TRIG, HDL, LDL, HCY, IL‐6, Vit B12, VIT D‐T. However, neither age, sex, and age‐sex interactions exerted significant effects on MO%, MOMO#, MCH, RDW‐SD, CRP, and CT.ConclusionOur study investigated the blood parameters of rhesus monkeys to provide a reference basis for rhesus monkey‐related scientific experimental research.
Enhancing subsidiary innovation capability through customer involvement in new product development: A contingent knowledge source perspective
Authors: Zhang Tracy Junfeng , Wang Danny T. , Tse Caleb H. , Tse Sin Yan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, multinational enterprises (MNEs) have increasingly harnessed local knowledge through various customer involvement practices implemented by their foreign subsidiaries. Our study, using a multi‐informant survey of 230 MNE subsidiaries in China, explores how these subsidiaries manage customer involvement in new product development (NPD). We specifically focus on two practices: using customers as an information source (CIS) or as a co‐developer (CIC). We posit that the two types of customer involvement have distinct effects on a subsidiary's innovation capability, which in turn impacts two critical NPD outcomes: innovativeness and speed to market. Moreover, we suggest that the roles that customers play in CIS and CIC, as well as their contribution to the subsidiary's innovation capability, depend on whether the specific knowledge is derived from the parent headquarters or local partners. Our findings reveal that technological knowledge transfer from the parent headquarters enhances CIS's effect on innovation capability, yet diminishes that of CIC. In contrast, knowledge sharing from local partners exerts the opposite effects. By elucidating the underlying mechanisms and contingencies, our study fosters a deeper understanding of customer involvement in NPD and provides insightful guidance for MNEs seeking to leverage local knowledge for successful innovations in foreign markets.
An analytical complete model of root pressure generation: Theoretical bases for studying hydraulics of bamboo
Authors: Yang Dongmei , Zhou Wei , Wang Xiaolin , Zhao Mei , Zhang Yong‐Jiang , Tyree Melvin T. , Peng Guoquan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo better understand the dynamics and functional roles of root pressure, we represent a novel and the first complete analytical model for root pressure, which can be applied to complex roots/shoots. The osmotic volume of a single root is equal to that of the vessel lumen in fine roots and adjacent apoplastic spaces. Water uptake occurs via passive osmosis and active solute uptake (, osmol s−1), resulting in the osmolyte concentration Cr (mol·kg−1 of water) at a fixed osmotic volume. Solute loss occurs via two passive processes: radial diffusion of solute Km (Cr− Csoil) from fine roots to soil, where Km is the diffusional constant and Csoil is the soil–solute concentration, and the mass flow of solute and water into the plant from the fine roots. The proposed model predicts the quadratic function of root pressure (Pr), , where b and c are the functions of plant hydraulic resistance, soil water potential, solute flux and gravitational potential. The model demonstrates the root pressure‐mediated distribution of water through the hydraulic architecture of a 6.8‐m‐tall bamboo shoot. This model provides a theoretical basis to test the functional roles of root pressure in shaping the hydraulic architecture and refilling potential xylem embolisms.