bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipids and antioxidants in groats and hulls of Swedish oats (Avena sativa L)
Authors: Bryngelsson Susanne , Mannerstedt‐Fogelfors Birgitta , Kamal‐Eldin Afaf , Andersson Roger , Dimberg Lena H 
Published: October 2002

AbstractConcentrations and compositions of total lipids (TL), fatty acids, tocopherols and tocotrienols, avenanthramides and free hydroxycinnamic acids were determined in groats and hulls from single samples of seven Swedish oat cultivars. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured using the radical 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl as substrate. Results were evaluated by principal component analysis. Consistent differences in value of the variables analysed in groats and hulls were found, groats having higher concentrations of all compounds analysed except free cinnamic acids. Concentrations of E‐vitamers (especially tocotrienols) were high in both groat and hull samples with high TL. Avenanthramides were high in hull samples with high TL, but this was not found in groats. Free cinnamic acids did not follow TL in either groats or hulls. TAC was generally higher in groats than in hulls. The within‐group variation in TAC was less pronounced than that in chemical composition, especially in groats. The results did not suggest any strong relationship between TAC and individual antioxidants.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Dynamic rheology of wheat flour dough. I. Non‐linear viscoelastic behaviour
Authors: Khatkar Bhupendar S , Schofield J David 
Published: October 2002

AbstractControlled stress rheometry was used to investigate the effects of starch and gluten fractions on the non‐linearity of wheat flour dough. Flour–water dough showed non‐linear viscoelastic behaviour over all stress values in a cyclic stress sweep. The amplitude‐dependent behaviour of the starch and amplitude‐independent nature of the gluten revealed that starch is responsible for the non‐linearity of the flour–water dough system. Adding starch to gluten caused a substantial narrowing of its linear viscoelastic range.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of applying sodium and sulphur fertilisers on the concentrations of elements in water leached from permanent pasture
Authors: Phillips Clive J C , Chiy Paul C 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe element composition of water leached from a perennial ryegrass pasture to which isonitrogenous quantities of sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulphate fertilisers had been applied in an experiment lasting 2 years is described. The experimental design also allowed a comparison of the immediate effects of sodium nitrate in the grazing season in which the fertiliser was applied with the residual effects of applying it in the previous year. Applying sodium fertiliser in either 1992 or 1993, but not both years, increased the concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and cobalt and reduced those of phosphorus and molybdenum in leachate. The application of sulphur fertiliser reduced the concentrations of zinc, copper, iron and molybdenum in leachate. It also reduced the concentrations of sodium, potassium and magnesium, but only when sodium fertiliser was applied in 1992, and not when it was applied in 1993. It is concluded that sulphur fertiliser reduces the leaching of trace elements from the soil and that, in the long term, sodium fertiliser can amplify the effect of applying sulphur fertiliser. Sodium fertiliser in moderate quantities increased the leaching of the major divalent cations but reduced the phosphorus and molybdenum concentrations in leachate.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of oxygen exclusion during cooling of cooked turkey breast on the development of lipid oxidation in the stored product
Authors: Brunton Nigel P , Cronin Denis A , Monahan Frank J 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this study it was shown that cooling of freshly cooked turkey breast out of contact with air was highly effective in reducing the subsequent progress of lipid oxidation in the stored chilled (4 °C) product. Compared with cooling in contact with air, lipid oxidation in aerobically stored samples, as measured by muscle concentrations of hexanal and 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances, was much lower for breast portions which were either cooled in a nitrogen atmosphere or subjected to hot vacuum packaging. Tissue hexanal concentrations of around 1.4 µg g−1 muscle, which have previously been shown to be associated with the initial stages of sensory detection of oxidised off‐flavours, were reached after 5 and 3 days of storage respectively in nitrogen‐cooled/air‐stored and vacuum‐packed/air‐stored samples compared to only 1 day in breast portions which were cooled and stored in air. Cooling and storing under nitrogen had the effect of almost completely inhibiting lipid oxidation in samples stored for 7 days. An acceptable flavour shelf‐life of approximately 7 days with respect to lipid oxidation was achieved when vacuum‐packed breast portions cooked to an internal temperature of 85 °C were packaged before the core temperature fell below about 60 °C.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Post mortem changes in porcine longissimus muscle incubated with 0.1 M calcium lactate
Authors: Chou Rong‐Ghi R 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effects of calcium lactate incubation at 5 °C on post mortem changes in porcine longissimus muscle were studied. Myofibrils were purified from control (CON) and calcium lactate‐incubated (CL) muscles. Samples were taken at 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days post mortem. SDS‐PAGE results showed that the disappearance of titin, nebulin, tropomyosin and troponin‐T and the appearance of a ∼30 kDa component were more pronounced in CL samples than in CON samples. Western blots labelled with a monoclonal antibody to desmin also demonstrated that desmin degraded more quickly in CL samples. Our data suggested that calcium lactate incubation might accelerate the post mortem changes in porcine longissimus muscle via activation of calpains.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimal dietary concentrations of vitamin C and chromium for alleviating the effect of low ambient temperature on serum insulin, corticosterone, and some blood metabolites in laying hens
Authors: Şahin K. , Önderci M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin C (L‐ascorbic acid) and chromium (chromium picolinate, CrPic) on serum insulin, corticosterone, and some metabolites in laying hens (Hy‐Line) reared under a low ambient temperature (6.2°C). One hundred eighty laying hens (32 weeks old) were divided into six groups, with 30 hens per group. The experiment was designed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement using two levels of vitamin C (125 and 250 mg/kg of diet) and three levels of CrPic (200, 400, or 800 μg/kg of diet). The highest values for insulin, total protein, and albumin (P = 0.001) and the lowest values for corticosterone, glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol (P = 0.001) were obtained when 250 mg of vitamin C was included with either 400 or 800 μg Cr per kg of diet. Interaction between vitamin C and chromium was detected for only insulin (P = 0.03). Serum activities of SGOT and SGPT were not influenced by dietary vitamin C or chromium (P > 0.45); however, serum activity of AP increased (P = 0.001). Increasing both dietary vitamin C and chromium caused an increase in serum concentrations of Ca, P, and K (P = 0.001) but a decrease in serum concentrations of Na (P = 0.001). The results of the present study suggest that dietary supplements of vitamin C and chromium alter serum hormone and metabolite status of laying hens and that supplementing a combination of vitamin C (250 mg/kg of diet) and chromium (400 or 800 μg Cr/kg of diet) can positively influence the performance of laying hens reared under low ambient temperature. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 15:153–161, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxidative behavior and relative reactivities of some unsaturated compounds towards hexachloroiridate(IV) in perchloric acid medium
Authors: Sen Gupta Kalyan K. , Bhattacharjee Nandini 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe kinetics of the oxidation of styrene, cinnamic acid, and some of their substituted derivatives by hexachloroiridate(IV) in dimethyl formamide–water mixtures and in the presence of perchloric acid have been investigated. The reactions appear to proceed via the formation of an unstable intermediate 1:1 complex between iridium(IV) and the substrate, followed by the decomposition of the complex in the rate‐determining step. Correlation with σ yielded ρ values of −4.0 and −3.5 which suggests the formation of a cationic intermediate in the rate‐determining step of the reaction. Subsequent cleavage of the carbon–carbon bond yielded the product aldehydes. Thermodynamic and activation parameters associated with the equilibrium and the rate‐determining steps were also evaluated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 411–417, 2002
Synthesis and kinetics of oxidation of some dipeptides with anodically generated manganese(III) sulphate: Mechanistic study
Authors: Kumara M. N. , Gowda D. Channe , Rangappa K. S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDipeptides (DP) namely phenylalanyl–proline (Phe–Pro), isoleucyl–proline (Ile–Pro), and leucyl–proline (Leu–Pro) were synthesized by classical solution method and characterized. The kinetics of oxidation of these DP by Mn(III) have been studied in the presence of sulphate ions in acidic medium at 26°C. The reaction was followed spectrophotometrically at λmax = 500 nm. A first‐order dependence of rate on both [Mn(III)]0 and [DP]0 was observed. The rate is independent of the concentration of reduction product, Mn(II), and hydrogen ions. The effects of varying dielectric constant of the medium and addition of anions such as sulphate, chloride, and perchlorate were studied. The activation parameters have been evaluated using Arrhenius and Eyring plots. The oxidation products were isolated and characterized. A mechanism involving the reaction of DP with Mn(III) in the rate‐limiting step is suggested. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 438–444, 2002
Several types of oscillations in Belousov–Zhabotinskii reactions with amino acids as organic substrates
Authors: Li Hexing , Xu Yeping , Wang Minghui 
Published: October 2002

AbstractUnder batch‐reactor conditions, 7 amino acids were employed as organic substrates in Belousov–Zhabotinskii (BZ) oscillations. These amino acids displayed different types of oscillations. Aspartic acid exhibited the classical BZ oscillations owing to the formation of oxalacetic acid (an intermediate of Aspartic acid oxidation) which is easily brominated. Tyrosine exhibited the uncatalyzed BZ oscillations where the metal ion catalyst is not necessary. Cystine, alanine, glycine, and glutamic acid could give rise to sustained oscillations only in the presence of acetone as a coupled organic substrate to remove bromine via bromination, known as the mixed‐substrate BZ oscillations. Serine showed oscillations even in the absence of acetone though serine is not subjected to bromination. Obviously, this is a new kind of BZ type oscillations since no bromination occurred at all. The excess bromine is possibly removed through the reduction by serine and/or its intermediates. Addition of acetone induces the dual‐frequency oscillations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 405–410, 2002
CH bond dissociation enthalpies of fluorinated formates and estimation of their rate constants for the reactions with OH radicals: A DFT study
Authors: Urata Shingo , Uchimaru Tadafumi , Chandra Asit K. , Takada Akira , Sekiya Akira 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDensity functional theory was used to estimate the lifetime of fluorinated formates, which are primary products from the oxidation of hydrofluoroethers. First, the CH bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) of 10 fluorinated formates, CnF2n + 1OC(O)H (n = 1–4) and CnHF2nOC(O)H (n = 1–3) have been calculated by using the density functional theory with (RO)B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p). Secondly, from these computed BDEs, the rate constants kOH of the hydrogen abstraction reaction between the fluorinated formates and OH radicals have been estimated using the formulation proposed by Heicklen (Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 13, 651, 1981). We modified the formulation proposed by Heicklen in order to relate BDEs to kOH for formates based on the results of the ab initio studies using standard transition state theory with the G2(MP2) level. Consequently, the kOH of all the formates considered here are estimated to be around 1.5–4.7 × 10−14 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 298 K. Their lifetimes concerning with the decomposition by OH radicals (τOH) in atmosphere have been evaluated as 0.4–4.5 years from the estimated kOH. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 524–530, 2002
Comparison of the bond strength of composite resin to Er:YAG laser irradiated human enamel pre‐treated with various methods In Vitro
Authors: Otsuki Masahito , Eguro Toru , Maeda Toru , Tanaka Hisayoshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveWe have reported that the application of ultrasonic scalers on the Er:YAG laser‐irradiated enamel surface achieved bond strengths of approximately 16 MPa. However, it is reported that a bond strength of 20 MPa is needed to prevent the maginal gaps, so the tensile bond strength (TBS) of composite resin to the Er:YAG laser‐irradiated enamel is still insufficient.Study Design/Materials and MethodsVarious methods (phosphoric acid etching, air scaling, ultrasonic scaling, air powder polishing, combination with phosphoric acid etching, and prior mechanical removal methods) were tested as a technique to increase TBS of composite resins to the Er:YAG irradiated enamel.ResultsBoth the methods of mechanical removal following Er:YAG laser irradiation and the phosphoric acid etching following irradiation and mechanical removal had significant effects on TBS. TBS in the group with acid etching following air powder polishing showed highest value, 22.0 MPa.ConclusionThe application of phosphoric acid etching following mechanical removal of Er:YAG laser irradiation was effective to achieve high bond strength. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:351–359, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Therapeutic low energy laser improves the mechanical strength of repairing medial collateral ligament
Authors: Fung Dicky T.C. , Ng Gabriel Y.F. , Leung Mason C.P. , Tay David K.C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLow energy laser therapy has been shown to enhance collagen production but its effect on tissue strength is not well reported. We tested the effects of therapeutic laser on the strength of healing medial collateral ligaments (MCLs) in rats.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four rats received surgical transection to their right MCL and eight received sham operation. After surgery, 16 received a single dose of gallium aluminum arsenide laser to their transected MCL for 7.5 minutes (n = 8) or 15 minutes (n = 8) and eight served as control with placebo laser, while the sham group didn't receive any treatment. The MCLs were biomechanically tested at either 3 or 6 weeks post‐operation.ResultsThe normalized ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and stiffness of laser and sham groups were larger than control (P < 0.001). The UTS of laser and sham groups were comparable. Laser and sham groups had improved in stiffness from 3 to 6 weeks (P < 0.001).ConclusionsA single dose of low energy laser therapy improves the UTS and stiffness of repairing MCL at 3 and 6 weeks after injury. Lasers Surg. Med. 31:91–96, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Threshold photoionization in time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Braun Julian Erik , Neusser Hans Jürgen 
Published: October 2002

Abstract

I.
Introduction
17

II.
Techniques and Methods
18

A. Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometer
18

1. Linear TOF‐MS
18

2. Reflectron
18

B. Resonance Enhanced Multi‐Photon Ionization (REMPI)
18

C. Threshold Ionization
20

1. PIPECO
20

2. Pulsed‐Field Threshold Ionization
20

3. Mass‐Analyzed Threshold Ionization (MATI)
21

D. Threshold Ion Separation by Kinetic Energy Differences
21

1. In a Reflecting Potential
22

2. In a Double‐Stage Acceleration Setup
22

3. In an Ion Trap
22

III.
Application of Threshold Ionization Techniques
24

A. Ion Spectroscopy
24

1. Molecules
24

2. Clusters
25

3. Cluster Ion Dissociation Thresholds and Binding Energies
25

4. Excited Electronic States of Molecular Cations
29

B. Intermediate‐State Dynamics
29

C. Rydberg State Dynamics
31

1. Resolving the MATI Peak
31

2. Field‐Induced Rydberg‐Core Coupling
32

D. State‐Selected Ion‐Molecule Reactions
32

IV.
Summary and Outlook
32

Acknowledgments
33

References
33

Multi‐photon excitation in a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (TOF‐MS) is shown to lead to threshold ions with defined internal energy. A powerful technique for the production of threshold ions is based on the excitation of high long‐lived Rydberg states embedded in the ionization continuum. The Rydberg molecules are separated with suitable separation techniques from ions produced by a direct multi‐photon ionization process. Finally, the ionization of the Rydberg molecules in a delayed pulsed electric field leads to threshold ions. This work reviews several separation techniques, and reports on applications of threshold ionization for investigation of the structure, energetics, and dynamics of neutral molecules, molecular cations, and cluster cations. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 21:16–36, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mas.10014
Altruism, agency, and the competitiveness of family firms
Authors: Schulze William S. , Lubatkin Michael H. , Dino Richard N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe core belief among agency theorists is that when a firm is both owned and managed by family members, its governance structure is efficient. We argue that this belief over‐simplifies the complexity of exchanges that occur among the family firm's decision agents, and does not conform to reality. We develop an alternative agency view of family firm governance that accounts for agency problems that are understated in extant agency models. These problems are rooted in the firm's ownership structure, as well as the altruistic relationships that exist between the firm's decision agents. We conclude with four propositions that address the competitive implications of this alternative view. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of performance distress on aggressive competitive behavior: a reconciliation of conflicting views
Authors: Ferrier Walter J. , Fhionnlaoich Cormac Mac , Smith Ken G. , Grimm Curtis M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPrior research on how ex ante performance impacts competitive behavior has led to conflicting conclusions. Prospect theory, for example, suggests that poor performance promotes aggressive behavior, whereas threat–rigidity theory predicts the opposite. We attempt to reconcile these conflicting views by incorporating a contingency perspective that empirically tests, specifically, how top management team heterogeneity and a favorable industry context moderate the relationship between poor performance and competitive aggressiveness. Our findings suggest that performance‐distressed firms managed by heterogeneous top management teams are less likely to compete aggressively. However, contrary to predictions, performance‐distressed firms competing in competition‐buffered industries are more likely to compete aggressively. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of sway in Parkinson's disease using a new inclinometry‐based method
Authors: Viitasalo Maria K. , Kampman Ville , Sotaniemi Kyösti A. , Leppävuori Seppo , Myllylä Vilho V. , Korpelainen Juha T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn order to analyze balance control, we developed a new inclinometry‐based method to provide direct information about body sway in the side‐to‐side and forward–backward directions. We tested the clinical utility of this method for analyzing balance in Parkinson's disease (PD), and studied the clinical correlates of the balance measures in PD. Postural sway was measured during quiet stance with eyes open and eyes closed in 28 PD patients and in 32 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects. Postural sway was modeled using side‐to‐side and forward–backward directional sway movements, sway velocity, and sway area. The amount of postural sway in the PD patients was greater than in the control subjects, the higher level being most marked in patients with severe or long‐duration PD. All the side‐to‐side directional sway parameters were abnormal in the PD patients compared with the control subjects (P < 0.05), whereas the forward–backward directional parameters did not differentiate the two groups. The most sensitive measures of sway were path length, velocity, and area. The duration and severity of PD seem to be particularly associated with the amount of side‐to‐side directional postural sway. This new inclinometric method appears to be useful in quantifying postural sway and evaluating balance impairment in PD. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Myoclonic dystonia as unique presentation of isolated vitamin E deficiency in a young patient
Authors: Angelini Lucia , Erba Anna , Mariotti Caterina , Gellera Cinzia , Ciano Claudia , Nardocci Nardo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe describe a young patient affected by vitamin E deficiency with mutation in the tocopherol tranfer protein alleles and the unique presentation as myoclonic dystonia, which was practically the only symptom for 6 years before ataxia became evident. Vitamin E supplementation markedly improved both symptoms. This unusual clinical phenotype must be considered, because isolated vitamin E deficiency is eminently treatable. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.
Effect of treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin on quality of life in patients with stiff‐person syndrome
Authors: Gerschlager Willibald , Brown Peter 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe therapeutic effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on the stiff‐person syndrome (SPS) have been described exclusively in case reports or open‐label studies in terms of clinical outcomes. We investigate whether IVIG improves quality of life (QoL) in the SPS. Six patients with the classic form of SPS completed a generic QoL instrument, the SF‐36, and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before treatment as well as 2 weeks after completion of a course of IVIG. There was significant improvement in the SF‐36 subscores for pain, social functioning, general mental health, and energy–vitality with treatment. The VAS also improved significantly. We conclude that treatment with IVIG improves QoL in the SPS. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.