bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Future Skills for the Digital Transformation in the Steel Industry: An Ecosystem Analysis in the German Rhein/Ruhr Area
Authors: Götting Adrian , Behrend Clara , Kohlgrüber Michael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe digitalisation of the world of work is accompanied by far-reaching processes of change. This also affects jobs and skills of employees and managers. This chapter presents the results of an empirical BEYOND 4.0 study on transversal future skill demands and takes a closer look at the steel industry in the Rhine/Ruhr region in Germany. The focus thereby lies on skills that are gaining in importance across all occupations and at all qualification levels. At that, an important orientation is provided by a category system for future skills, which was developed in the BEYOND 4.0 project. Based on a comprehensive literature research, the category system shows that it is not only digital skills that are crucial for the digital transformation, as non-digital skills, such as social, personal and methodological skills, are also gaining in importance across all jobs and sectors. The category system was then applied in the research in the steel industry in the Rhine/Ruhr region. Research was mainly based on qualitative interviews that were conducted with steel experts from a number of stakeholder groups. The empirical results underline the importance of non-digital skills, often summarised as “soft skills”, in combination with digital skills. Digital skills thereby plays a role at all levels of qualification. However, the experts of the regional steel sector emphasise that it is above all the requirements for lifelong learning that are strongly increasing due to digitalisation. Personal skills such as adaptability and willingness to change play an important role in this regard. The findings also show that especially in large steel producing companies, topics that are specifically related to the development of digital solutions are often dealt with in projects, in which experts from different disciplines work closely together. In this respect, the requirements for social skills such as communication and teamwork are also increasing in the context of digitalisation.
The History of the Steel Industry: A Trade Union Perspective from the UK
Authors: Mowbray Anna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe UK was the birthplace of industrial-scale steelmaking, but the industry has faced significant challenges throughout its history. As the industry continues to advance, workers and their communities must be supported through that change to deliver a just transition. This chapter tells the story of the UK steel industry from the point of view of Community, the largest and leading trade union representing steelworkers in the UK. Beginning from the earliest history, and continuing to the present day, this chapter demonstrates the historic and continued importance of steel to communities in the UK. The chapter aims to provide a broad overview of the relationship between trade unions and steel industry. It highlights case studies where failure to act has led to the loss of steel making and discusses the importance of tripartite dialogue to protect and preserve communities and jobs, particularly during periods of social and technological transformation such as those discussed in this volume.
The Cold Rolling Industry: Demographic Changes and Further Challenges—Impacts on the Workforce and Current Status of the KaWaGi Project
Authors: Kunkel Martin , Rudolf Nicole 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe focus of this chapter is on how digitisation and Industry 4.0 technologies are changing work forms and loads, as well as competitive strategies within the cold rolling industry. The chapter will present the effects of digitisation coupled with demographic changes within the workforce by presenting the KaWaGi project conducted in association with the German Association of Cold Rolling Mills. The project is intended to secure employability and the innovative potential of the workforce against the background of the current challenges the branch is facing by personnel development measures. In this chapter, some exemplary project results are described from the analyses of the age structure and skills requirements as well as from stress assessment.
AdS Higgs mechanism from double trace deformed CFT
Authors: Karch Andreas , Wang Mianqi , Youssef Merna 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Explicit breaking of a global symmetry in a conformal field theory is holographically dual to giving mass to a gauge field living in AdS via the Higgs mechanism. We show that if this breaking is induced via a double trace deformation the Higgs mechanism is induced via a scalar loop diagram. The mass can be calculated analytically in both bulk and field theory and we find perfect agreement. While representing familiar physics, the mechanism is identical to how the graviton picks up a mass in the holographic dual of a conformal field theory coupled to a bath.
Effect of steam explosion pretreatment on chosen saccharides yield and cellulose structure from fast-growing poplar (Populus deltoides × maximowiczii) wood
Authors: Krutul Donata , Szadkowski Jan , Výbohová Eva , Kučerová Viera , Čabalová Iveta , Antczak Andrzej , Szadkowska Dominika , Drożdżek Michał , Zawadzki Janusz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the changes occurring in the wood cellulose of the fast-growing poplar (Populus deltoides × maximowiczii) under the influence of steam explosion (SE) pretreatment. Cellulose from native wood and after pretreatment at 160 and 205 °C was isolated. Cellulose polymerization degree by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and cellulose crystallinity index by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) were determined. The profiles of sugars in the native wood and in the solid fraction after pretreatment (using the acid hydrolysis method) were also determined. In addition, the profile of monosaccharides in the liquid fraction obtained after steam explosion and in the liquid fraction after acid hydrolysis of the oligosaccharides were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This allowed to determine the change in the yield of hexoses and pentoses in the studied material.The behavior of cellulose in wood subjected to steam explosion at 160 and 205 °C and isolated by the Kürschner–Hoffer method was studied by determining the absorption bands of FTIR-ATR spectra. The lateral order index (LOI) of cellulose was calculated from the ratio of the intensity of the corresponding absorption bands A1422/A896 cm−1. Total crystallinity index (TCI) of cellulose was calculated from the ratio of the intensity of absorption bands A1372/A2900 cm−1. TCI of Kürschner-Hoffer cellulose isolated from wood subjected to steam explosion at 160 and 205 °C decreased by 5.6 and 5.0%, respectively, with regard to the applied temperature. LOI increased in cellulose isolated from wood subjected to steam explosion at 160 °C (by 0.7%) and at 205 °C (by 19.2%) in relation to the index of cellulose isolated from native wood. Kürschner–Hoffer cellulose isolated from wood subjected to steam explosion at 160 and 205 °C exhibited, respectively, a reduced degree of polymerization of about 11% and about 8%. Polydispersity index in Kürschner–Hoffer cellulose was 1% lower after both pretreatments than native sample.
Endothelial cells and macrophages as allies in the healthy and diseased brain
Authors: Denes Adam , Hansen Cathrin E. , Oezorhan Uemit , Figuerola Sara , de Vries Helga E. , Sorokin Lydia , Planas Anna M. , Engelhardt Britta , Schwaninger Markus 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDiseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are often associated with vascular disturbances or inflammation and frequently both. Consequently, endothelial cells and macrophages are key cellular players that mediate pathology in many CNS diseases. Macrophages in the brain consist of the CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs) [also referred to as border-associated macrophages (BAMs)] and microglia, both of which are close neighbours or even form direct contacts with endothelial cells in microvessels. Recent progress has revealed that different macrophage populations in the CNS and a subset of brain endothelial cells are derived from the same erythromyeloid progenitor cells. Macrophages and endothelial cells share several common features in their life cycle—from invasion into the CNS early during embryonic development and proliferation in the CNS, to their demise. In adults, microglia and CAMs have been implicated in regulating the patency and diameter of vessels, blood flow, the tightness of the blood–brain barrier, the removal of vascular calcification, and the life-time of brain endothelial cells. Conversely, CNS endothelial cells may affect the polarization and activation state of myeloid populations. The molecular mechanisms governing thepas de deuxof brain macrophages and endothelial cells are beginning to be deciphered and will be reviewed here.
Is there a correlation between prepartum anaemia and an increased likelihood of developing postpartum depression? A prospective observational study
Authors: La Verde Marco , Luciano Mario , Fordellone Mario , Brandi Carlotta , Carbone Marco , Di Vincenzo Matteo , Lettieri Davide , Palma Marica , Marrapodi Maria Maddalena , Scalzone Gaetano , Torella Marco 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Postpartum depression (PPD) represents a significant challenge to maternal and child health. Early screening for PPD is essential to ensure appropriate treatment and support. The present study aimed to assess whether maternal prepartum anaemia influences the likelihood of developing PPD within 3 days after delivery.

Methods
In collaboration with the Department of Psychiatry, a prospective observational study was carried out at the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department of the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” in Naples. A total of 211 full-term pregnant women were enrolled, and their predelivery haemoglobin value was recorded. Women with gestational diabetes, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, intellectual disability, or pre-existing diagnosis of psychotic spectrum disorder were excluded. Participants provided written informed consent to fill out the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) 3 days after delivery. EPDS cut-off score of ≥ 10 was used to identify women at risk of developing PPD. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t test, the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, and linear regression.

Results
The participants were categorized into 2 groups based on EPDS scores: EPDS < 10 (176 patients) or EPDS ≥ 10 (35 patients). The two groups showed homogeneity in terms of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. The mean haemoglobin values of anaemic pregnant women in the EPDS ≤ 10 group (11.78 ± 1.39 g/dl) and the EPDS > 10 group (11.62 ± 1.27 g/dl) were not significantly different (p = 0.52). There was no significant correlation between the predelivery haemoglobin value and the EPDS postpartum score of < 10 or ≥ 10. The Wilcoxon Rank Sum test and the estimated coefficients of the linear regression model did not show any statistical relationship between continuous and binary haemoglobin values.

Conclusions
Our study found that maternal prepartum anaemia did not negatively impact the likelihood of developing postpartum depressive symptoms, in the first 3 days after delivery.
Guanylate binding protein 4 shapes an inflamed tumor microenvironment and identifies immuno-hot tumors
Authors: Zhou Weijian , Yeerkenbieke Gaoshaer , Zhang Yumei , Zhou Mingwang , Li Jin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Guanylate binding protein 4 (GBP4) is induced by interferons and various cytokines and has been recognized as functionally relevant in numerous types of human cancers. While the role of GBP4 in cancer has been preliminarily summarized, its correlation with antitumor immunity remains unclear and requires further research.

Methods
First, a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis was conducted, focusing on GBP4’s expression patterns and immunological functions. Subsequently, we explored the correlations between GBP4 and immunological features within the tumor microenvironment (TME) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Additionally, we examined the relationships between GBP4 and emerging immunobiomarkers, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A) genes. Moreover, we assessed the utility of GBP4 in predicting the clinical characteristics and treatment responses of patients with NSCLC.

Results
Pan-cancer analysis revealed that GBP4 plays a positive role in most cancer types via the majority of immunomodulators. Furthermore, GBP4 demonstrated positive associations with immunomodulatory factors, tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and inhibitory immune checkpoints. Remarkably, the expression of GBP4 was found to be a predictor of significantly enhanced responsiveness to anti-EGFR therapy and immunotherapy.

Conclusions
GBP4 expression profiles offer a promising avenue for identifying highly immunogenic tumors across a wide spectrum of cancers. GBP4 holds potential as a robust pan-cancer biomarker for assessing the immunological characteristics of tumors, with particular relevance to its ability to predict therapeutic responses, notably in the context of anti-EGFR therapy and immunotherapy.
Clinical characteristics of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: CS-Lung-003 prospective observational registry study
Authors: Kuribayashi Tadahiro , Ohashi Kadoaki , Nishii Kazuya , Ninomiya Kiichiro , Tsubata Yukari , Ishikawa Nobuhisa , Kodani Masahiro , Kanaji Nobuhiro , Yamasaki Masahiro , Fujitaka Kazunori , Kuyama Shoichi , Takigawa Nagio , Fujimoto Nobukazu , Kubota Tetsuya , Inoue Masaaki , Fujiwara Keiichi , Harita Shingo , Takata Ichiro , Takada Kenji , Okawa Sachi , Kiura Katsuyuki , Hotta Katsuyuki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are ineffective against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients who were treated or not treated with ICIs, and of those who benefit from immunotherapy in EGFR-mutant NSCLC.

Methods
We analyzed patients with unresectable stage III/IV or recurrent NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations using a prospective umbrella-type lung cancer registry (CS-Lung-003).

Results
A total of 303 patients who met the eligibility criteria were analyzed. The median age was 69 years; 116 patients were male, 289 had adenocarcinoma, 273 had major mutations, and 67 were treated with ICIs. The duration of EGFR-TKI treatment was longer in the Non-ICI group than in the ICI group (17.1 vs. 12.7 months, p < 0.001). Patients who received ICIs for more than 6 months were categorized into the durable clinical benefit (DCB) group (24 patients), and those who received ICIs for less than 6 months into the Non-DCB group (43 patients). The overall survival in the DCB group exhibited longer than the Non-DCB group (69.3 vs. 47.1 months), and an equivalent compared to that in the Non-ICI group (69.3 vs. 68.9 months). Multivariate analysis for time to next treatment (TTNT) of ICIs showed that a poor PS was associated with a shorter TTNT [hazard ratio (HR) 3.309; p < 0.001]. Patients who were treated with ICIs and chemotherapy combination were associated with a longer TTNT (HR 0.389; p = 0.003). In addition, minor EGFR mutation was associated with a long TTNT (HR 0.450; p = 0.046).

Conclusion
ICIs were administered to only 22% of patients with EGFR-mutated lung cancer, and they had shorter TTNT of EGFR-TKI compared to other patients. ICI treatment should be avoided in EGFR mutated lung cancer with poor PS but can be considered for lung cancer with EGFR minor mutations. Pathological biomarker to predict long-term responders to ICI are needed.
Contact rheological DEM model for visco-elastic powders during laser sintering
Authors: Alvarez J. E. , Nijkamp A. H. , Cheng H. , Luding S. , Weinhart T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLaser sintering is a widely used process for producing complex shapes from particulate materials. However, understanding the complex interaction between the laser and particles is a challenge. This investigation provides new insights into the sintering process by simulating the laser source and the neck growth of particle pairs. First, a multi-physics discrete element method (DEM) framework is developed to incorporate temperature-dependent contact rheological and thermal properties, incorporating heat transfer and neck formation between the particles. Next, energy transport by ray tracing is added to allow for computing the amount of laser energy absorbed during sintering. The DEM model is calibrated and validated using experimental data on neck growth and temperature evolution of particle pairs made of polystyrene and Polyamide 12. The findings show that the proposed DEM model is capable of accurately simulate the neck growth during the laser sintering paving the way for better controlling and optimizing the process.
Graphical Abstract
Semiglobal exponential stability of the discrete-time Arrow-Hurwicz-Uzawa primal-dual algorithm for constrained optimization
Authors: Bin Michelangelo , Notarnicola Ivano , Parisini Thomas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe consider the discrete-time Arrow-Hurwicz-Uzawa primal-dual algorithm, also known as the first-order Lagrangian method, for constrained optimization problems involving a smooth strongly convex cost and smooth convex constraints. We prove that, for every given compact set of initial conditions, there always exists a sufficiently small stepsize guaranteeing exponential stability of the optimal primal-dual solution of the problem with a domain of attraction including the initialization set. Inspired by the analysis of nonlinear oscillators, the stability proof is based on a non-quadratic Lyapunov function including a nonlinear cross term.
Histopathological effects of the fruit extract of Citrullus colocynthis on the ovary of the tick Hyalomma dromedarii
Authors: Ali Asmaa Ali Baioumy , Montasser Ashraf Ahmed , Mohamed Salma Nabil Ahmed 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHyalomma dromedarii is the predominant tick species parasitizing camels in Egypt which leads to mortalities in young animals that result in economic losses. It can transmit a lot of pathogens to animals and humans, such as the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, the Dhori virus, Kadam virus, Theileria annulata and spotted fever rickettsia. The continuous use of chemical acaricides has negative impact on the environment and almost led to acaricidal resistance, and hence the plant extracts represent alternative methods for controlling ticks. The present study was carried out to assess the histopathological effects on the ovary of fed female Hyalomma dromedarii following immersion in the ethanolic extract of fruits of Citrullus colocynthis (100 mg/mL). Light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy observations provided evidence that Citrullus colocynthis caused extensive damage to oocytes. Destruction of the internal organelles of oocytes, along with delay and/or inhibition of vitellogenesis were demonstrated. This is the first histological study that points to damage in H. dromedarii ovaries following treatment with the ethanolic extract of fruits of C. colocynthis. The data presented suggest that the plant extract affects the ovary either directly by entering the oocytes and/or indirectly by damaging the gut cells and digestion of blood that interfere with the development of oocytes, so it can be used as a promising agent for tick control.
Agents preserving privacy on intelligent transportation systems according to EU law
Authors: Carbo Javier , Pedraza Juanita , Molina Jose M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntelligent Transportation Systems are expected to automate how parking slots are booked by trucks. The intrinsic dynamic nature of this problem, the need of explanations and the inclusion of private data justify an agent-based solution. Agents solving this problem act with a Believe Desire Intentions reasoning, and are implemented with JASON. Privacy of trucks becomes protected sharing a list of parkings ordered by preference. Furthermore, the process of assigning parking slots takes into account legal requirements on breaks and driving time limits. Finally, the agent simulations use the distances, the number of trucks and parkings corresponding to the proportions of the current European Union data. The performance of the proposed solution is tested in these simulations with three different distances against an alternative with complete knowledge. The difference in efficiency, the number of illegal breaks and the traveled distances are measured in them. Comparing the results, we can conclude that the nonprivate alternative is slightly better in performance while both alternatives do not produce illegal breaks. In this way the simulations show that the proposed privacy protection does not impose a relevant handicap in efficiency.
Disease-Associated Neurotoxic Astrocyte Markers in Alzheimer Disease Based on Integrative Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing
Authors: Yu Wuhan , Li Yin , Zhong Fuxin , Deng Zhangjing , Wu Jiani , Yu Weihua , Lü Yang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlzheimer disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease, and astrocytes play a key role in its onset and progression. The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of neurotoxic astrocytes and identify novel molecular targets for slowing down the progression of AD. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) data were analyzed from various AD cohorts comprising about 210,654 cells from 53 brain tissue. By integrating snRNA-seq data with bulk RNA-seq data, crucial astrocyte types and genes associated with the prognosis of patients with AD were identified. The expression of neurotoxic astrocyte markers was validated using 5 × FAD and wild-type (WT) mouse models, combined with experiments such as western blot, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence. A group of neurotoxic astrocytes closely related to AD pathology was identified, which were involved in inflammatory responses and pathways related to neuron survival. Combining snRNA and bulk tissue data, ZEP36L, AEBP1, WWTR1, PHYHD1, DST and RASL12 were identified as toxic astrocyte markers closely related to disease severity, significantly elevated in brain tissues of 5 × FAD mice and primary astrocytes treated with Aβ. Among them, WWTR1 was significantly increased in astrocytes of 5 × FAD mice, driving astrocyte inflammatory responses, and has been identified as an important marker of neurotoxic astrocytes. snRNA-seq analysis reveals the biological functions of neurotoxic astrocytes. Six genes related to AD pathology were identified and validated, among which WWTR1 may be a novel marker of neurotoxic astrocytes.