bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an outreach programme for patients with COVID-19 in an integrated healthcare delivery system: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Myers Laura C , Lawson Brian L , Escobar Gabriel J , Daly Kathleen A , Chen Yi-fen Irene , Dlott Richard , Lee Catherine , Liu Vincent 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesIn the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, health systems implemented programmes to manage outpatients with COVID-19. The goal was to expedite patients’ referral to acute care and prevent overcrowding of medical centres. We sought to evaluate the impact of such a programme, the COVID-19 Home Care Team (CHCT) programme.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingKaiser Permanente Northern California.ParticipantsAdult members before COVID-19 vaccine availability (1 February 2020–31 January 2021) with positive SARS-CoV-2 tests.InterventionVirtual programme to track and treat patients with ‘CHCT programme’.OutcomesThe outcomes were (1) COVID-19-related emergency department visit, (2) COVID-19-related hospitalisation and (3) inpatient mortality or 30-day hospice referral.MeasuresWe estimated the average effect comparing patients who were and were not treated by CHCT. We estimated propensity scores using an ensemble super learner (random forest, XGBoost, generalised additive model and multivariate adaptive regression splines) and augmented inverse probability weighting.ResultsThere were 98 585 patients with COVID-19. The majority were followed by CHCT (n=80 067, 81.2%). Patients followed by CHCT were older (mean age 43.9 vs 41.6 years, p<0.001) and more comorbid with COmorbidity Point Score, V.2, score ≥65 (1.7% vs 1.1%, p<0.001). Unadjusted analyses showed more COVID-19-related emergency department visits (9.5% vs 8.5%, p<0.001) and hospitalisations (3.9% vs 3.2%, p<0.001) in patients followed by CHCT but lower inpatient death or 30-day hospice referral (0.3% vs 0.5%, p<0.001). After weighting, there were higher rates of COVID-19-related emergency department visits (estimated intervention effect −0.8%, 95% CI −1.4% to −0.3%) and hospitalisation (−0.5%, 95% CI −0.9% to −0.1%) but lower inpatient mortality or 30-day hospice referral (−0.5%, 95% CI −0.7% to −0.3%) in patients followed by CHCT.ConclusionsDespite CHCT following older patients with higher comorbidity burden, there appeared to be a protective effect. Patients followed by CHCT were more likely to present to acute care and less likely to die inpatient.
Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection: a test-negative case–control study with additional population controls in Norway
Authors: Sarjomaa Marjut , Zhang Chi , Tveten Yngvar , Kersten Hege , Reiso Harald , Eikeland Randi , Kongerud Johny , Berg Kristine Karlsrud , Thilesen Carina , Nordbø Svein Arne , Aaberge Ingeborg S , Vandenbroucke Jan , Pearce Neil , Fell Anne Kristin Moeller 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesThis study aims to assess risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection by combined design; first comparing positive cases to negative controls as determined by PCR testing and then comparing these two groups to an additional prepandemic population control group.Design and settingTest-negative design (TND), multicentre case–control study with additional population controls in South-Eastern Norway.ParticipantsAdults who underwent SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing between February and December 2020. PCR-positive cases, PCR-negative controls and additional age-matched population controls.Primary outcome measuresThe associations between various risk factors based on self- reported questionnaire and SARS-CoV-2 infection comparing PCR-positive cases and PCR-negative controls. Using subgroup analysis, the risk factors for both PCR-positive and PCR-negative participants were compared with a population control group.ResultsIn total, 400 PCR-positive cases, 719 PCR-negative controls and 14 509 population controls were included. Male sex was associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection only in the TND study (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.6), but not when PCR-positive cases were compared with population controls (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.9. to 1.5). Some factors were positively (asthma, wood heating) or negatively (hypertension) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection when PCR-positive cases were compared with population controls, but lacked convincing association in the TND study. Smoking was negatively associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in both analyses (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.8 and OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.8).ConclusionsMale sex was a possible risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection only in the TND study, whereas smoking was negatively associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in both the TND study and when using population controls. Several factors were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection when PCR-positive cases were compared with population controls, but not in the TND study, highlighting the strength of combining case–control study designs during the pandemic.
Social and clinical vulnerability in stroke and STEMI management during the COVID-19 pandemic: a registry-based study
Authors: Lesaine Emilie , Francis Florence , Domecq Sandrine , Miganeh-Hadi Sahal , Sevin Floriane , Sibon Igor , Rouanet François , Pradeau Catherine , Coste Pierre , Cetran Laura , Vandentorren Stephanie , Saillour Florence 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate whether the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a deterioration in the quality of care for socially and/or clinically vulnerable stroke and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.DesignTwo cohorts of STEMI and stroke patients in the Aquitaine neurocardiovascular registry.SettingSix emergency medical services, 30 emergency units, 14 hospitalisation units and 11 catheterisation laboratories in the Aquitaine region in France.ParticipantsThis study involved 9218 patients (6436 stroke and 2782 STEMI patients) in the neurocardiovascular registry from January 2019 to August 2020.Primary outcome measuresCare management times in both cohorts: first medical contact-to-procedure time for the STEMI cohort and emergency unit admission-to-imaging time for the stroke cohort. Associations between social (deprivation index) and clinical (age >65 years, neurocardiovascular history) vulnerabilities and care management times were analysed using multivariate linear mixed models, with an interaction on the time period (pre-wave, per-wave and post-first COVID-19 wave).ResultsThe first medical contact procedure time was longer for elderly (p<0.001) and ‘very socially disadvantaged’ (p=0.003) STEMI patients, with no interaction regarding the COVID-19 period (age, p=0.54; neurocardiovascular history, p=0.70; deprivation, p=0.64). We found no significant association between vulnerabilities and the admission imaging time for stroke patients, and no interaction with respect to the COVID-19 period (age, p=0.81; neurocardiovascular history, p=0.34; deprivation, p=0.95).ConclusionsThis study revealed pre-existing inequalities in care management times for vulnerable STEMI and stroke patients; however, these inequalities were neither accentuated nor reduced during the first COVID-19 wave. Measures implemented during the crisis did not alter the structured emergency pathway for these patients.Trial registration numberNCT04979208
Exercise therapy for knee osteoarthritis pain: how does it work? A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Beckwée David , Nijs Jo , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M A , Leemans Lynn , Leysen Laurence , Puts Sofie , Rice David , Schiphof Dieuwke , Bautmans Ivan 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionMuscle strengthening training (MST) and behavioural graded activity (BGA) show comparable effects on knee osteoarthritic (KOA) pain, but the mechanisms of action remain unclear. Both exercise-induced anti-inflammation and central sensitisation are promising pathways for pain relief in response to exercise therapy in patients with KOA: MST has the potential to decrease inflammation and BGA has the potential to decrease central sensitisation. Hence, this study aims to examine inflammation and central sensitisation as mediators for the effect of MST and/or BGA on pain in patients with KOA.Methods and analysisThe Knee OsteoArthritis PAIN trial started on 10 January 2020 (anticipated end: April 2024). The three-arm clinical trial aims to recruit 90 KOA patients who will be randomly allocated to 12 weeks of (1) MST, (2) BGA or (3) care as usual. Assessments will be performed at baseline, 13 and 52 weeks after finishing the intervention. Outcomes, including pain (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score), were chosen in line with the OARSI recommendations for clinical trials of rehabilitation interventions for OA and the IMMPACT/OMERACT recommendations for the assessment of physical function in chronic pain clinical trials. Inflammation as well as features of central sensitisation (including conditioned pain modulation, offset analgesia, temporal summation of pain and event-related potentials following electrical stimulation), will be considered as treatment mediators. A multiple mediators model will be estimated with a path-analysis using structural equation models. In July 2023, all 90 KOA patients have been included and 42 participants already finished the study.Ethics and disseminationThis study obtained ethics approval (B.U.N. 143201941843). Unravelling the mechanisms of action of exercise therapy in KOA will not only be extremely valuable for researchers, but also for exercise immunology and pain scientists and clinicians.Trial registration numberNCT04362618.
Efficacy of a physiotherapy, yoga and patient education programme for patients with breast cancer and hormone therapy-induced pain: a multicentre randomised study protocol (SKYPE 2)
Authors: Faravel Kerstin , Jarlier Marta , Meignant Laetitia , Thomaso Muriel , Del Rio Maguy , Jacot William , Stoebner Anne 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionOsteoarticular pain is experienced by approximately 50% of patients with breast cancer under hormone therapy and can increase the risk of therapy discontinuation. Among complementary therapies, yoga has shown efficacy regarding reduction of fatigue, anxiety, pain due to hormone therapy and inflammation. Personalised patient education programmes increase engagement and motivation, and induce effective behavioural changes. The SKYPE programme, an integrated intervention combining physiotherapy, yoga and patient education, showed promising efficacy on hormone therapy-induced pain in a previous pilot study. In this study, we hypothesised that using theory-based patient education favour learning and practising 15 min of at-home yoga every day to decrease hormone therapy-induced pain.Methods and analysisThis multicentre randomised study will assess the efficacy of the SKYPE programme on pain reduction compared with standard care in patients with breast cancer reporting osteoarticular pain due to hormone therapy. Main secondary objectives will describe pain evolution and characteristics, patient adhesion to yoga sessions and home practice, forward flexibility, quality of life, fatigue, anxiety and compliance to hormone therapy. Patients in the intervention group will participate in 1 weekly educational yoga session of 90 min for 6 weeks, supervised by physiotherapists (period 1). They will also perform daily at-home 15 min yoga sessions for 12 weeks, the total duration of the intervention (periods 1 and 2). Pain will be evaluated during physiotherapy check-ups at baseline (T0), at 6 weeks (T1) and at 12 weeks (T2).Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the ethics committee (CPP Ile de France 8 on 22 June 2020). The results will be disseminated to patients and healthcare professionals, and published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT04457895.
Assessment of quality of life for frail, elderly patients post-ICU discharge: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Kjaergaard-Andersen Gunhild , Bauer Eithne Hayes , Bhavsar Rajesh Prabhakar , Jensen Hanne Irene , Ahrenfeldt Linda Juel , Hvidt Niels Christian , Stroem Thomas 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionRises in average life expectancy, increased comorbidities and frailty among older patients lead to higher admission rates to intensive care units (ICU). During an ICU stay, loss of physical and cognitive functions may occur, causing prolonged rehabilitation. Some functions may be lost permanently, affecting quality of life (QoL). There is a lack of understanding regarding how many variables are relevant to health-related outcomes and which outcomes are significant for the QoL of frail, elderly patients following discharge from the ICU. Therefore, this scoping review aims to identify reported variables for health-related outcomes and explore perspectives regarding QoL for this patient group.Methods and analysisThe Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews will be employed and original, peer-reviewed studies in English and Scandinavian languages published from 2013 to 2023 will be included. The search will be conducted from July 2023 to December 2023, according to the inclusion criteria in Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL. References to identified studies will be hand-searched, along with backward and forward citation searching for systematic reviews. A librarian will support and qualify the search strategy. Two reviewers will independently screen eligible studies and perform data extraction according to predefined headings. In the event of disagreements, a third reviewer will adjudicate until consensus is achieved. Results will be presented narratively and in table form and discussed in relation to relevant literature.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is unnecessary, as the review synthesises existing research. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication in a scientific journal.
Lipid-focused dietary education intervention in pregnant women: study protocol for an open-label, parallel, randomised, intervention study addressing adverse pregnancy outcomes in China
Authors: Zhang Yadi , Gao Xiaoge , Zhu Haiyan , Sun Shengzhi , Contento Isobel R , Koch Pamela Ann , Yu Huanling 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionThe incidence of infants who are large-for-gestational-age (LGA) is on the rise in China, and its detrimental effects on health have received increasing attention. Diet-based interventions have the potential to reduce adverse birth outcomes, particularly in decreasing the occurrence of LGA infants. We aim to evaluate the effect of lipid-focused diet education based on the theories of behaviour change in pregnant women on maternal and offspring outcomes through a randomised controlled trial.Methods and analysisWe have designed an open-label, parallel, multicentre randomised controlled trial in collaboration with three hospitals in Beijing, China.Pregnant women will be recruited before reaching 12 weeks of gestation and will be randomised in a 1:1:1 ratio into three arms: (1) online education arm, (2) pregnancy nutrition checklist and ‘one-page flyer’ arm and (3) routine antenatal education. The primary outcome LGA will be recorded at birth. Demographic information, physical activity, sleep and medical history will be collected through questionnaires and case cards prior to enrolment. Questionnaires will also be used to collect dietary behaviours and psychosocial factors of pregnant women at enrolment, at 24–28 weeks and 34–36 weeks of gestation. Additionally, information on breastfeeding and complementary food supplementation for infants and young children will be obtained through questionnaires. Physical development indicators of children and taste tests will be assessed 3 years after delivery.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethical approval from the Capital Medical University Ethics Committee and other collaborating study centres. Informed consent will be introduced to pregnant women, and their consent will be obtained. The findings will be reported in relevant national and international academic conferences and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberChiCTR2300071126.
Diabetes-related distress and its associated factors among people with type 2 diabetes in Southeast Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Adugnew Mulugeta , Fetene Deriba , Assefa Tesfaye , Kedir Sana'a , Asmamaw Kidist , Feleke Zegeye , Gomora Degefa , Mamo Hailye 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundDiabetes-related distress lowers the motivation for self-care, often leading to lowered physical and emotional well-being, poor diabetes control, poor medication adherence and increased mortality among individuals with diabetes.ObjectiveTo assess factors associated with diabetes-related distress among people living with type 2 diabetes in Southeast Ethiopia.DesignInstitution-based cross-sectional study was conducted.SettingSix diabetic follow-up care units at public hospitals in Southeast Ethiopia.ParticipantsAll adult people living with type 2 diabetes from the diabetic follow-up clinic.The main outcome measuresDiabetes Distress Scale-17 questionnaire was used to assess diabetes-related distress.ResultsOut of the total 871 study participants intended, 856 participated in the study with a response rate of 98.3%. The findings showed that about 53.9% (95% CI 50.4% to 57.2%) of the patients have diabetes-related distress. Physical activity (adjusted OR, AOR 2.22; 95% CI 1.36 to 3.63), social support (AOR 4.41; 95% CI 1.62 to 12.03), glycaemic control (AOR 2.36; 95% CI 1.35 to 4.12) and other comorbidities (AOR 3.94; 95% CI 2.01 to 7.73) were factors that significantly associated with diabetes-related distress at p<0.05.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that more than half of the participants had diabetes-related distress. Therefore, the identified factors of diabetes-related distress need to be a concern for health institutions and clinicians in the management of people living with type 2 diabetes.
Determining the impact of an artificial intelligence tool on the management of pulmonary nodules detected incidentally on CT (DOLCE) study protocol: a prospective, non-interventional multicentre UK study
Authors: O'Dowd Emma , Berovic Marko , Callister Matthew , Chalitsios Christos V , Chopra Disha , Das Indrajeet , Draper Adrian , Garner Justin L , Gleeson Fergus , Janes Sam , Kennedy Martyn , Lee Richard , Mauri Fabrizio , McKeever Tricia M , McNulty William , Murray James , Nair Arjun , Park John , Rawlinson Janette , Sagoo Gurdeep Singh , Scarsbrook Andrew , Shah Pallav , Sudhir Rajini , Talwar Ambika , Thakrar Ricky , Watkins Johnathan , Baldwin David R 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionIn a small percentage of patients, pulmonary nodules found on CT scans are early lung cancers. Lung cancer detected at an early stage has a much better prognosis. The British Thoracic Society guideline on managing pulmonary nodules recommends using multivariable malignancy risk prediction models to assist in management. While these guidelines seem to be effective in clinical practice, recent data suggest that artificial intelligence (AI)-based malignant-nodule prediction solutions might outperform existing models.Methods and analysisThis study is a prospective, observational multicentre study to assess the clinical utility of an AI-assisted CT-based lung cancer prediction tool (LCP) for managing incidental solid and part solid pulmonary nodule patients vs standard care. Two thousand patients will be recruited from 12 different UK hospitals. The primary outcome is the difference between standard care and LCP-guided care in terms of the rate of benign nodules and patients with cancer discharged straight after the assessment of the baseline CT scan. Secondary outcomes investigate adherence to clinical guidelines, other measures of changes to clinical management, patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been reviewed and given a favourable opinion by the South Central—Oxford C Research Ethics Committee in UK (REC reference number: 22/SC/0142).Study results will be available publicly following peer-reviewed publication in open-access journals. A patient and public involvement group workshop is planned before the study results are available to discuss best methods to disseminate the results. Study results will also be fed back to participating organisations to inform training and procurement activities.Trial registration numberNCT05389774.
Adverse outcomes of cannabis use in Canada, before and after legalisation of non-medical cannabis: cross-sectional analysis of the International Cannabis Policy Study
Authors: Marquette Anastasia , Iraniparast Maryam , Hammond David 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesTo date, there is little evidence on the extent to which cannabis legalisation affects the prevalence of adverse events from cannabis at the population level. The current study examined trends in the prevalence of adverse events among people who consumed cannabis before and after Canada’s legalisation of recreational cannabis.DesignData come from the first four survey waves of the International Cannabis Policy Study, which were conducted online annually immediately prior to non-medical cannabis legalisation in Canada in October 2018, and in the three following years (2019–2021).ParticipantsThe current analysis included 18 285 Canadian respondents aged 16–65 who reported cannabis use in the past 12 months.Outcome measuresPrimary outcomes included types of adverse events experienced from cannabis use, medical help-seeking and the types of products used. Weighted logistic regression models examined differences in help-seeking, emergency room usage and the experience of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome across survey years.ResultsApproximately one-third of people who consume cannabis reported experiencing at least one adverse event within the past 12 months, including 5% of consumers who sought medical help for an adverse event, most commonly for panic attacks, feeling faint/dizzy/passing out, heart/blood pressure problems and nausea/vomiting. The prevalence of seeking help and the types of adverse events were similar before (2018) and after legalisation (2019–2021); however, the proportion of consumers seeking help from emergency rooms increased postlegalisation (F=2.77, p=0.041). Adverse events were associated with various product types, with dried flower and oral oils accounting for the largest proportion of events. Help-seeking associated with cannabis edibles significantly decreased after legalisation (p=0.001).ConclusionsSubstantial proportions of people who consume cannabis report adverse events, suggesting widespread difficulty in ‘dosing’. Few changes were observed in the prevalence of adverse events reported by consumers since legalisation; however, the location of medical help-seeking and associated products used have changed postlegalisation.