bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P‐35  Nonlethal junctional epidermolysis bullosa in a dog
Authors: Sakurai K. , Sekiguchi M. , Momoi Y. , Shimizu A. , Ishiko A. , Iwasaki T. 
Published: August 2004

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is a rare hereditary or autoimmune bullous skin disease of humans, horses and dogs. It has been reported that JEB patients have blisters, erosions or ulcers affecting the face, digits and tail predominantly. Histopathologically, separation of the epidermis and dermis occurs within the lamina lucida of the basement membrane zone (BMZ) and, biochemically, there is a deficiency of laminin 5, integrin α6β4, or BPAG2. Mutations in the alpha‐chain of laminin 5 in nonlethal JEB in dogs has been reported. Our patient was an 8‐month‐old female mixed‐breed dog that presented with hair loss, blisters and scar formation on the face, trunk and feet that were present since 2 months of age. Histopathology of the skin revealed atrophy of the hair follicles and liquefactive degeneration of the dermo‐epidermal junction with minimal cell infiltration. Electron microscopy revealed that blister formation was located within the lamina lucida. These findings corresponded with canine JEB. The immunofluorescence test (IIF) revealed that the expression of BMZ proteins, including laminin 5, BPAG2, integrin α6β4 and type XVII collagen, were not decreased compared with normal skin. The IIF using the patient's serum showed a negative reaction. Although the disease has progressed, the patient is still alive one year after the onset of lesions. Moreover, although we could not determine the genetic background or the causative proteins, this is likely a case of hereditary JEB because of the young age at onset and autoantibodies against the BMZ were not detected. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐36  Juvenile idiopathic nasal scaling in three Bengal cats
Authors: Auxilia S. T. , Abramo F. , Ficker C. , Mcnabb S. 
Published: August 2004

Affected cats were three Bengals, one male and two females, whose age at onset of lesions ranged from 13‐ to 20‐weeks old. Nasal planum scaling progressed to thick crusting, consequent exfoliation and exposure of underlying erosions. No signs of pruritus or pain were present but mild respiratory signs were noticed. In all cats, haematology and biochemistry were normal, they were FIV and FeLV negative, PCR for herpesvirus, calicivirus and Chlamydia were negative, and viral isolation for calicivirus and herpesvirus was negative. Wood's lamp examination was negative, as were bacterial and fungal cultures. Cytology showed exfoliating keratinocytes. A skin biopsy taken from one case showed no significant changes. Biopsies from the nasal planum of four dead cats with nondermatological conditions (controls) were collected for comparative studies. Morphometry to record the percentage of the granular layer (GL) and stratum corneum (SC) on the total thickness of the epidermis of the nasal planum was performed. The GL and SC accounted for 10.2 and 21.7% of the epidermal thickness in the affected cat, compared to 18.3 and 20.2%, respectively, in the controls. A significant reduction (P < 0.02) of the SC thickness was detected in the affected cat compared to controls. No treatment was instituted as all cats underwent complete (two cats) or nearly complete (one cat) resolution. The reported cases share the same breed, age at onset, type of lesions and a similar outcome. A reduction of the SC thickness in one of the affected cats was recorded. Therefore, an underlying congenital condition is suspected that manifests with high epidermal cell turnover and normal keratinization. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐37  Dermoid sinus in Rhodesian ridgeback dogs
Authors: Salmon Hillbertz N. H. C. , Andersson G. 
Published: August 2004

Dermoid sinus (DS) is a congenital defect occurring with increased frequency in the Rhodesian ridgeback. The Swedish Rhodesian ridgeback population constitutes approximately 2000 dogs (1990–2000) and 8–10% of these dogs are suspected to be DS‐positive. The aim of this study was to further understand the aetiology of DS. Importantly, DS has been documented in several other dog breeds and our studies may have general impact for the health of domestic dogs. From seven litters (74 dogs), a total of 10 Rhodesian ridgeback dogs diagnosed as DS‐positive were subjected to necropsy. Six of the dogs were female. The dogs were between 11 and 42 days old. Six dogs had DS located at the cervical vertebra, and four had DS located at the lumbar vertebra. The DS lesions extended between 1.0 and 6.5 cm, and all identified DS lesions were associated with a skin opening. Five dogs were diagnosed with type I (attachment to/ending at the supraspinous ligament), one dog had a DS identified as type II (DS connected to the supraspinous ligament via a fibrous strand), and the remaining four dogs were diagnosed with type IV (DS penetration of the spinal cord). In six cases the DS lesion was fully pigmented, partially pigmented in two cases, and nonpigmented in two dogs, both of which were brown‐nosed. Five dogs were from two separate litters. DS locations in the siblings were approximately identical; however, differences in extension and pigmentation were apparent. Funding: Swedish Kennel Club, Swedish Rhodesian Ridgeback Club.
P‐38  Sebaceous adenitis in three related Hovawart dogs
Authors: Vercelli A. , Cornegliani L. , Tronca L. 
Published: August 2004

Sebaceous adenitis (SA) is characterized by a cutaneous inflammatory process targeting the sebaceous glands. It has been described in several species and breeds. A developmental, possibly inherited, disorder of the sebaceous glands or an immune‐mediated disease, triggered by unknown stimuli, is currently suspected. The authors describe clinical data, histopathological and therapeutic aspects of SA in three related Hovawart dogs (a dam, and a male and female off‐spring of this dam from different sires). In all three dogs, the skin lesions developed around the fifth year of age and they were characterized by a generalized hypothricosis, hyperpigmentation, scaling and rat‐tail. Trichography revealed blocks of keratin within the hair shafts. Superficial and deep skin scraping and fungal culture were negative. On histopathological evaluation of skin biopsy specimens, there was an advanced pattern of SA, with marked follicular keratosis and mixed perifollicular inflammatory infiltrate targeting and destroying sebaceous glands. Complete blood count, biochemical investigation, T4, fT4 and TSH were within the normal range. A leishmania test (IFAT) was negative. Treatment was started with weekly keratolytic shampoos, 50% propylene glycol dips and baby oil applications. Oral administration of 1 mg/kg once daily of prednisone acetate and 1 mg/kg once daily of etretinate for 3 months gave partial amelioration of the skin lesions. The diagnosis of SA in three related Hovawart dogs suggests a genetic basis in this breed, and we suggest that breeding of affected and related dogs should be avoided. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐39  Canine and feline vitiligo in São Paulo (Brazil): clinical and epidemiological features
Authors: Otsuka M. , Sonoda M. C. , Larsson Jr C. E. , Michalany N. S. , Larsson C. E. 
Published: August 2004

Melanodermas and leukodermas are conditions involving skin pigment changes. Vitiligo, an acquired leukoderma, is an uncommon canine and feline skin disorder, with a likely autoimmune pathogenesis. It is seen more frequently in young adult purebred animals and has no apparent sex predisposition. In Brazil the first report of vitiligo was in 1986. In a 16‐year period, 12 cases of vitiligo, including 11 dogs (six Rottweilers, two Doberman pinschers, one great dane, one boxer, and one mongrel dog) and one cat (Siamese), were diagnosed at our hospital. Diagnosis was based on history, physical examination, Wood´s lamp examination, and histopathologic evaluation (H&E and Masson‐Fontana stains). Among the dogs, seven were male with a mean age of 34.5 months. The clinical evolution was known in five patients. Skin lesions included leukotrichia (100%) and leukoderma of the nose (100%), buccal mucosa (66.5%), lips (85.7%), and footpads (8.5%). Leukonychia was rarely seen. The only lesion in the cat was depigmented footpads. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐4  Canine recurrent pyoderma: a multicenter prospective study
Authors: Bensignor E. , Germain P. A. 
Published: August 2004

Bacterial pyoderma is one of the most frequent skin diseases in dogs. Recurrent pyoderma is often secondary to an underlying skin disease, but no epidemiological study has been published on the subject to the authors’ knowledge. This study was designed to prospectively evaluate the causes responsible for recurrent pyoderma in dogs. Dogs presenting with a history of more than three episodes of skin infection in the last year were included in the study. For each case, epidemiological and clinical data were collected. Pyoderma was confirmed by the clinical signs, the demonstration of bacteria on microscopic examination of cytological smears and a positive culture. Each animal was treated with an appropriate course of antibiotics until resolution of signs of pyoderma. Depending upon the presence of pruritus, appropriate diagnostic tests were performed: skin scrapings, acaricidal trial, flea treatment, elimination diet, intradermal testing, biopsies, endocrinological tests, leishmaniasis and ehrlichiosis serology, antinuclear antibody testing. Thirty dogs (14 males and 16 females) of 19 different breeds, aged from 1 to 12 years (mean 4.9 years) were included. Diagnosis was folliculitis (44%), folliculitis and furunculosis (20%), furunculosis (20%), cellulitis (10%). Staphylococcus intermedius was isolated in 97% of cases. The following underlying diseases were identified: atopic dermatitis (60%), food allergy (7%), flea allergy (7%), hypothyroidism (7%), hyperestrogenism (4%), demodicosis (4%), and zinc‐responsive dermatosis (4%). In two dogs, no underlying cause could be identified. Atopic dermatitis is the most common disease associated with recurrent pyoderma in dogs. Funding: Pfizer Animal Health.
P‐40  Black hair follicular dysplasia in a dog: an ultrastructural study using transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Shimizu A. , Ishiko A. , Murayama N. , Nagata M. 
Published: August 2004

Black hair follicular dysplasia (BHFD) is a rare disorder in which dogs with bicolour or tricolour coats lose hair only in the black areas at an early age. Large melanin granule deposits within the hair shafts and follicles are the hallmark of this disorder, but the pathogenesis remains uncertain. A study using scanning electron microscopy has suggested that an abnormality of pigment transfer may play a role in the pathogenesis. Here, we present a BHFD dog in which the lesions were examined by transmission electron microscopy. A 3‐year‐old male mixed‐breed dog with black‐and‐white hair coat presented with a 2‐year history of alopecia in the black‐haired areas. Physical examination revealed no abnormalities other than alopecia. Skin scrapings, fungal culture, CBC, serum chemistry analysis, and endocrine tests were unremarkable. Histopathologically, no abnormality was observed in the white‐haired areas, whereas black‐haired areas showed numerous large melanin granules in hair shafts and follicles. Based on these findings, the dog was diagnosed as having BHFD. Transmission electron microscopy revealed numerous melanin clumps consisting of atypical (both in shape and size) melanosomes in the lower part of telogen hair follicles. Some melanin clumps were surrounded by a cell membrane‐like structure, in which degenerative nuclei were recognized. It is speculated that melanin clumps originate from melanin blockade. Further investigation is needed for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of BHFD. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐41  Psychogenic alopecia by fur‐plucking in a family of seal‐point Siamese cats: three cases
Authors: Loft K. E. , Shearer D. 
Published: August 2004

Three seal‐point Siamese cats (phenotype = SIA n), from the same line of breeding, displayed fur‐plucking of the dorsum. Feline psychogenic alopecia is an anxiety neurosis. In these cats, fur‐plucking is an excessive grooming behaviour leading to fur hyperpigmentation. The first case was a 3‐year‐old intact female that had been fur‐plucking from 6 months of age. She was the offspring of the mating of a lilac‐point male (SIA a) and a SIA n female. The cat was treated with depomedrol and Viacutan® without effect. The second case was a 3‐year‐old castrated male that had been fur‐plucking from 9 months of age. He was treated with megestrol acetate with moderate effect. The third case was a 1‐year‐old intact female that had been fur‐plucking from 6 months of age and was the offspring of the first case and a male chocolate point (SIA b). She was treated with depomedrol and Viacutan® without effect. None of the littermates with other phenotypes (4 SIA a) had dermatological complaints. All affected cats underwent a full evaluation including dermatophyte testing (negative), ectoparasite tests (negative) and intradermal tests (negative). An 8‐week food elimination trial followed by a 3‐week challenge had no effect. Histopathology revealed a mild mononuclear superficial perivascular dermatitis and perifolliculitis. There were no morphological hair or hair follicle abnormalities. A diagnosis of feline psychogenic alopecia was made on the basis of exclusion. The finding of feline psychogenic alopecia in three closely related cats suggests that the disorder may be hereditary or have an inherited component. Funding: Kruuse A/S Denmark.
P‐42  Pollen allergies in atopic dogs in Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Authors: Manigot G. A. 
Published: August 2004

The importance of pollen allergies in dogs with atopic dermatitis in South America has not been determined. Local allergists and pallinologists have performed a few studies evaluating pollen counts in Buenos Aires throughout the year. Those studies helped the author in choosing a pollen allergen panel for intradermal testing based on local allergens. One‐hundred‐sixty dogs with atopic dermatitis were tested intradermally during a 3‐year period, using 30 individual allergens including house dust mites, moulds, trees, weeds and grasses. The most important pollen allergens in terms of positive reactions were Platanus acerifolia (32 dogs), FraxinusAmericana (11 dogs), Cynodon dactylon (13 dogs), Ambrosia tenuifolia (26 dogs), Artemisia spp. (16 dogs), Plantago lanceolata (21 dogs), Chenopodium spp. (16 dogs) and grass pollen (29 dogs). Other pollens on the panel were less important. A correlation between pollination season and atopic dermatitis symptoms was determined. A few dogs were only positive for pollen and not for house dust mites. The incidence of pollen allergies in canine atopic dermatitis in South America must be determined in order to select an adequate panel for the area and for its main cities, and to exclude those allergens that are irrelevant locally. Special individual cases might be further tested, if necessary, with other allergens upon plant identification in the patient's environment. The findings encourage more investigation in this area, and suggest that allergen‐specific immunotherapy with tree, weed and grass pollen should be considered. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐43  IgG antibodies against sarcoptic mite antigens in dogs cross‐reacting with house dust and storage mite antigens
Authors: Bigler B. , Virchow F. 
Published: August 2004

Sera from dogs suffering from scabies were used to evaluate possible antigenic cross‐reactivity with proteins from house dust or storage mites. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on gradient gels was used to create size‐dependent protein bands of Sarcoptes scabiei ssp. vulpis, Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, Acarus siro, Lepidoglyphus destructor and Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Anti‐canine IgG antibodies conjugated with alkaline phosphatase were used for immunostaining. Different patterns for Sarcoptes could be seen with strong bands repetitively observed of approximately 22, 112, 116, 132 and 200 kD in size. The band at approximately 22 kD seems likely to have cross‐reactivity with a protein of the same size in A. siro. The one at approximately 200 kD might share antigenic activity with bands of D. farinae and, to a lesser extent, D. pteronyssinus. Funding: Laupeneck AG.
P‐45  Treatment of allergic feline asthma with allergen avoidance and specific immunotherapy: 20 cats
Authors: Prost C. 
Published: August 2004

Twenty cats presented with respiratory signs identified as asthma lasting for several months or years. The episodes of acute coughing and dyspnea were severe, requiring frequent glucocorticoid therapy. An allergic diagnosis was proposed in order to identify the putative allergens involved and to try specific therapy. Three cats developed diabetes mellitus secondary to glucocorticoid treatments. Two of them could not be tested and were given inhalant therapy with bronchodilators and glucocorticoids several times during the day and night. Intradermal tests were performed in 18 cats using 42 aeroallergens. Three tests were negative, even after a second test. Inhalant therapy was prescribed for three cats. Fifteen cats showed positive intradermal test reactions to house dust mites, storage mites and less frequently, pollens. When intradermal test results were positive for storage mites or cockroach, elimination of dried food was first recommended. This was sufficient for remission of the respiratory signs in three cats. Specific immunotherapy was prescribed for the other 12 cats. At the initiation of immunotherapy, all cats were treated with inhaled medications. After 6–9 months, immunotherapy was effective in controlling clinical signs of asthma without any other symptomatic treatment in eight cats. Four cats still required inhaled salbutamol and beclometasone two to three times weekly, instead of two to three times daily. This study demonstrates the role of allergenic stimuli in feline asthma and the advantage of specific immunotherapy as a long‐term treatment. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐46  A placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded study of recombinant IFNγ in dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Hasegawa A. , Sakurai T. , Iwasaki T. 
Published: August 2004

A placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded clinical study of canine recombinant IFNγ (KT‐100) was conducted in dogs with atopic dermatitis at 31 animal hospitals in Japan that met the Good Clinical Practices standard. Based on the results of a preceding dose‐finding study, KT‐100 was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 10 000 units/kg body weight three times a week for 2 weeks. Efficacy analysis was performed using data obtained from 100 dogs (50 in the KT‐100 group and 50 in the placebo group). The veterinarian's evaluation, the dog owner's evaluation, and the clinical skin score (total score for erythema, pigmentation and alopecia) showed marked improvement with a significant reduction in the area of the lesions in the KT‐100 group compared with the placebo group. Animals in both groups were subjected to an additional 2‐week treatment with KT‐100 using the same dosage; the therapeutic effects lasted at least 2 weeks after the termination of treatment. For safety evaluation, 134 dogs (65 in the KT‐100 group and 69 in the placebo group) were observed for 2 weeks after additional treatment with KT‐100 for a total of 42 days, but none of them presented with any adverse events except one dog with soft stools. These results suggest that KT‐100 is efficacious and safe for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in dogs. Funding: Toray Industries, Inc.
P‐47  Successful management of canine atopic dermatitis with a plant extract: safety profile
Authors: Nuttall T. J. , Ferguson E. A. , Littlewood J. D. , Kelly A. 
Published: August 2004

This study reports safety data for PhytopicaTM, a proprietary blend of standardized plant extracts, from a double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial for canine atopic dermatitis (AD). One hundred and twenty dogs with perennial AD were recruited on the basis of history and clinical signs, and a positive intradermal test or rFcεRIα serology to perennial allergens. Other pruritic dermatoses were eliminated by antimicrobial treatment, skin scrapes, Sarcoptes serology, flea control and a 6‐week food trial. Exclusion criteria included antimicrobial therapy within 7 days, antihistamines within 14 days, oral/topical glucocorticoids or cyclosporin within 28 days and parenteral glucocorticoids, essential fatty acids or immunotherapy within 56 days. Dogs were randomly allocated to receive placebo, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg PhytopicaTM daily for 12 weeks. A full history and physical examination was performed every 4 weeks. Investigators recorded any adverse events that either they observed and/or were reported by the owners. There were no serious adverse events attributable to PhytopicaTM or the placebo. At least one adverse event considered possibly attributable to trial therapy was suffered by 10% (100 mg/kg), 24% (200 mg/kg), 42% (400 mg/kg) and 10% (placebo) of cases. These were mostly intermittent gastrointestinal disorders that required cessation of treatment in only four dogs (one each that received placebo and 200 mg/kg, and two that received 400 mg/kg). Only one dog in each of the 100 and 200 mg/kg dose groups refused the medicated food. In conclusion, PhytopicaTM is palatable, well tolerated and has a good overall safety profile. Funding: Phytopharm plc.
P‐48  Treatment of localized lesions of canine atopic dermatitis with tacrolimus ointment: a blinded, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Bensignor E. , Olivry T. 
Published: August 2004

The purpose of this study was to determine whether tacrolimus ointment (Protopic) decreased the severity of localized lesions of canine atopic dermatitis (AD). Twenty dogs with AD were enrolled if they exhibited skin lesions localized to both front metacarpi. Each foot was randomized to be treated either with 0.1% tacrolimus or placebo (vaseline) ointment twice daily for 6 weeks. The nature of treatment for each foot lesion was concealed from the clinician. Before, and every 2 weeks during the study, erythema, lichenification, oozing and excoriations each were graded on a 10‐point scale (maximal total score: 40). The primary outcome measures consisted of the percentage reduction from baseline of lesional scores, and the number of subjects whose scores had decreased by 50% or greater by the end of the study. Intent‐to‐treat analyses were used. At the beginning of the study, lesional scores were not significantly different between treatment groups. After 6 weeks, the percentage reduction from baseline scores was higher for tacrolimus‐treated sites [median: 63% (95% CI: 39–67)] than for placebo‐treated feet [3% (‐2‐13)] (paired t‐test; P < 0.0001). When tacrolimus was applied, lesions decreased by 50% or greater in 15 dogs (75%), while this benchmark was not reached for any placebo‐treated feet (Fisher's exact test; P < 0.0001). Adverse drug events consisted of minor irritation in some dogs treated with tacrolimus. Results of this randomized, controlled trial suggest that the daily application of 0.1% tacrolimus ointment is useful for reducing the severity of localized skin lesions of canine AD. Funding: Self‐funded.