bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population genetics of queen conch, Aliger gigas (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda: Strombidae) at the Cuban island platform
Authors: Hernández Vázquez Ana María , Madrigal-Roca Luis Javier , Echenique Días Lázaro M , Álvarez Lemus José Alberto , Berovides Álvarez Vicente , Espinosa López Georgina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The queen conch, Aliger gigas is a large marine gastropod mollusc that inhabits shallow seagrass meadows and sandplain habitats throughout the Caribbean. Owing to overfishing and degradation of the environment, it has become an endangered species in most of its habitat. Research on Cuban populations of A. gigas is scarce and mostly focused on conch exploitation. The present study assesses, for the first time, the genetic diversity and population structure of A. gigas from six locations on the Cuban platform, using five microsatellite loci. At most of the sampled locations, the observed heterozygosity was lower than expected and the FIS value was significantly positive, both of which suggest inbreeding. Also, we found evidence of bottlenecks for two of the locations with a deficit of heterozygotes. Although statistically significant, only 1.66% of the total variance was explained by genetic differentiation among populations, and discriminant analysis of principal components showed different degrees of overlapping between all locations. Accordingly, the results showed that there is an extensive and symmetrical exchange of genetic information. Sparse non-negative matrix factorization analysis determined the existence of three ancestral populations admixed across the sampled locations. Thus, our results suggest that A. gigas from the Cuban island platform could be a unique population, which is relevant for management and conservation strategies.
Machine learning models to predict surgical case duration compared to current industry standards: scoping review
Authors: Spence Christopher , Shah Owais A , Cebula Anna , Tucker Keith , Sochart David , Kader Deiary , Asopa Vipin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Surgical waiting lists have risen dramatically across the UK as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The effective use of operating theatres by optimal scheduling could help mitigate this, but this requires accurate case duration predictions. Current standards for predicting the duration of surgery are inaccurate. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers the potential for greater accuracy in predicting surgical case duration. This study aimed to investigate whether there is evidence to support that AI is more accurate than current industry standards at predicting surgical case duration, with a secondary aim of analysing whether the implementation of the models used produced efficiency savings.

Method
PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE libraries were searched through to July 2023 to identify appropriate articles. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews and the Arksey and O’Malley framework were followed. Study quality was assessed using a modified version of the reporting guidelines for surgical AI papers by Farrow et al. Algorithm performance was reported using evaluation metrics.

Results
The search identified 2593 articles: 14 were suitable for inclusion and 13 reported on the accuracy of AI algorithms against industry standards, with seven demonstrating a statistically significant improvement in prediction accuracy (P &lt; 0.05). The larger studies demonstrated the superiority of neural networks over other machine learning techniques. Efficiency savings were identified in a RCT. Significant methodological limitations were identified across most studies.

Conclusion
The studies suggest that machine learning and deep learning models are more accurate at predicting the duration of surgery; however, further research is required to determine the best way to implement this technology.
Hippocampal subfield associations with memory depend on stimulus modality and retrieval mode
Authors: Aumont Etienne , Bussy Aurélie , Bedard Marc-André , Bezgin Gleb , Therriault Joseph , Savard Melissa , Fernandez Arias Jaime , Sziklas Viviane , Vitali Paolo , Poltronetti Nina Margherita , Pallen Vanessa , Thomas Emilie , Gauthier Serge , Kobayashi Eliane , Rahmouni Nesrine , Stevenson Jenna , Tissot Cecile , Chakravarty Mallar M , Rosa-Neto Pedro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHippocampal atrophy is a well-known feature of age-related memory decline, and hippocampal subfields may contribute differently to this decline. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the associations between hippocampal subfield volumes and performance in free recall and recognition memory tasks in both verbal and visual modalities in older adults without dementia.We collected MRIs from 97 (41 males) right-handed participants aged over 60. We segmented the right and left hippocampi into (i) dentate gyrus and cornu ammonis 4 (DG/CA4); (ii) CA2 and CA3 (CA2/CA3); (iii) CA1; (iv) strata radiatum, lacunosum and moleculare; and (v) subiculum. Memory was assessed with verbal free recall and recognition tasks, as well as visual free recall and recognition tasks. Amyloid-β and hippocampal tau positivity were assessed using [18F]AZD4694 and [18F]MK6240 PET tracers, respectively.The verbal free recall and verbal recognition performances were positively associated with CA1 and strata radiatum, lacunosum and moleculare volumes. The verbal free recall and visual free recall were positively correlated with the right DG/CA4. The visual free recall, but not verbal free recall, was also associated with the right CA2/CA3. The visual recognition was not significantly associated with any subfield volume. Hippocampal tau positivity, but not amyloid-β positivity, was associated with reduced DG/CA4, CA2/CA3 and strata radiatum, lacunosum and moleculare volumes.Our results suggest that memory performances are linked to specific subfields. CA1 appears to contribute to the verbal modality, irrespective of the free recall or recognition mode of retrieval. In contrast, DG/CA4 seems to be involved in the free recall mode, irrespective of verbal or visual modalities. These results are concordant with the view that DG/CA4 plays a primary role in encoding a stimulus’ distinctive attributes, and that CA2/CA3 could be instrumental in recollecting a visual memory from one of its fragments. Overall, we show that hippocampal subfield segmentation can be useful for detecting early volume changes and improve our understanding of the hippocampal subfields’ roles in memory.
The journalist in the story. Conceptualizing ethos as integral framework to study news production, news texts and news audiences
Authors: Smeenk Kim , Harbers Frank , Broersma Marcel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This theoretical article presents ethos as a conceptual framework to understand journalism’s authority and shifting epistemologies. We argue that ethos, the strategic self-image of the journalist in the text, is an essential part of the performative potential of journalism, even in detached “objective” journalism where journalists are seemingly absent in their articles. Analyzing journalism from an ethos perspective, elucidates how journalists build on and rework epistemological frameworks while ensuring the performativity of their text. Drawing on narratological theory, we show that ethos is ambiguous and that the possible disparate evaluations of the journalist’s reliability by audiences impact the possibility of news stories to enact their performative potential. Ethos offers an integrated framework for studying relationships between news texts and news production, contexts and audiences, highlighting how values such as reliability, authenticity or objectivity are projected, circulated and attributed in the journalistic field and the information ecology at large.
Temporal changes in coronary plaque as assessed by an artificial intelligence–based optical coherence tomography: from the first-in-human trial on DREAMS 3G scaffold
Authors: Garcia-Garcia Hector M , Waksman Ron , Melaku Gebremedhin D , Garg Mohil , Beyene Solomon , Wlodarczak Adrian , Kerai Ajay , Levine Molly B , van der Schaaf René J , Torzewski Jan , Ferdinande Bert , Escaned Javier , Iglesias Juan F , Bennett Johan , Toth Gabor G , Joner Michael , Toelg Ralph , Wiemer Marcus , Olivecrona Göran , Vermeersch Paul , Haude Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
The aim of the study is to assess the impact of the baseline plaque composition on the DREAMS 3G luminal late loss and to compare the serial plaque changes between baseline and 6 and 12 months (M) follow-up.

Methods and results
A total of 116 patients were enrolled in the BIOMAG-I trial. Patients were imaged with optical coherence tomography (OCT) pre- and post-DREAMS 3G implantation and at 6 and 12 M. OCTPlus software uses artificial intelligence to assess composition (i.e. lipid, calcium, and fibrous tissue) of the plaque. The differences between the OCT-derived minimum lumen area (MLA) post-percutaneous coronary intervention and 12 M were grouped into three terciles. Patients with larger MLA differences at 12 M (P = 0.0003) had significantly larger content of fibrous tissue at baseline. There was a reduction of 24.8% and 20.9% in lipid area, both P &lt; 0.001, between the pre-DREAMS 3G OCT and the 6 and 12 M follow-up. Conversely, the fibrous tissue increased by 48.4% and 36.0% at 6 and 12 M follow-up, both P &lt; 0.001.

Conclusion
The larger the fibrous tissue in the lesion at baseline, the larger the luminal loss seen at 6 and 12 M. Following the implantation of DREAMS 3G, favourable healing of the vessel coronary wall occurs as shown by a decrease in the lipid area and an increase in fibrous tissue.
Effects of intraoral aging on mechanical properties of directly printed aligners vs. thermoformed aligners: an in vivo prospective investigation
Authors: Sayahpour Babak , Zinelis Spiros , Polychronis Georgios , Eliades Theodore , Goteni Malcolm , Kopp Stefan , Eslami Sara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to examine the impact of intraoral aging on the mechanical properties of directly printed aligners (DPA) compared to thermoformed aligners (TA).

Materials and methods
This prospective in vivo experiment included three types of aligners: DPAs (group DP) fabricated from Tera Harz TC-85 DAC resin (Graphy, Korea), TA (group INV) made from a polyurethane-based polymer (Align Technology, Inc., CA, USA), and TA (group DUR) made from polyethylene glycol terephthalate based polymer (Scheu-Dental, Germany). Each group was categorized into retrieved (Clin) and unused aligners (Ctr). Thirty patients (10 per group) wore the aligners for 7 days, thereby generating the retrieved samples. Thirty unused aligners were employed as control samples. The following mechanical properties were determined: Martens Hardness (HM), indentation modulus (EIT), elastic index (ηIT), and indentation relaxation (RIT). Intergroup comparisons were conducted using ANOVA/Kruskal–Wallis test. Comparisons between retrieved and control samples were done using Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney-U/Student’s t-test/Welch’s test.

Results
Statistically significant differences between the groups were found for both control and used samples (P &lt; .001). Pairwise comparisons also revealed significant differences between the samples. The mechanical properties did not differ significantly between unused and retrieved INV- and DUR-aligners, whereas for DP-aligners significant differences for ηIT and RIT were found following intraoral service (P-values .012 and .002, respectively).

Conclusions
Group DUR showed generally more favorable mechanical properties compared to DP and INV. The much higher RIT and EIT in DP aligners suggest their higher rigidity and force decay, which could compromise their clinical efficacy.
The role of the behavioural immune system on covid-19 lockdown attitudes: The relationship with authoritarianism and collectivism
Authors: van Diepenbeek Femke , Kessler Sharon E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and objectives
The behavioural immune system (BIS) is a motivational system that facilitates the avoidance of pathogens and is thought to have evolved as a less costly mechanism to combat infectious diseases compared to the physiological immune system. The Parasite Stress Theory of Social Values predicts that authoritarianism and collectivist attitudes may impact the BIS by predisposing people to support disease control measures, including severe restrictions like lockdowns or stay-at-home orders. This study investigates the relationship between authoritarianism, collectivism and Covid-19 worry on support for lockdown measures during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Methodology
A total of 187 UK participants were recruited to complete an online survey, which was administered between 22 June and 7 July 2020. The survey included measures of authoritarianism, collectivism, Covid-19 worry and support for lockdown measures. The data were analysed using moderated parallel mediation analysis.

Results
Covid-19 worry had a direct effect on support for and enforcement of lockdown measures, but not on the idea that adherence to lockdown rules should be an individual choice. The relationship between Covid Worry and Support for and Enforcement of lockdown measures was not mediated by authoritarianism, nor was it moderated by Collectivism. Collectivism and Authoritarianism were related to increased levels of support for lockdown independently from Covid Worry but were not related to enforcement.

Conclusions and implications
Support for lockdown restrictions and enforcement was mainly associated with covid worry. Our findings do not support the parasite stress theory of social values and indicate that the BIS manifested in a more direct way, and not through social values.
Arrhythmic risk stratification in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gasperetti Alessio , James Cynthia A , Carrick Richard T , Protonotarios Alexandros , te Riele Anneline S J M , Cadrin-Tourigny Julia , Compagnucci Paolo , Duru Firat , van Tintelen Peter , Elliot Perry M , Calkins Hugh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a heritable cardiomyopathy characterized by a predominantly arrhythmic presentation. It represents the leading cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among athletes and poses a significant morbidity threat in the general population. As a causative treatment for ARVC is still not available, the placement of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator represents the current cornerstone for SCD prevention in this setting. Thanks to international ARVC-dedicated efforts, significant steps have been achieved in recent years towards an individualized, patient-centred risk stratification approach. A novel risk calculator algorithm estimating the 5-year risk of arrhythmias of patients with ARVC has been introduced in clinical practice and subsequently validated. The purpose of this article is to summarize the body of evidence that has allowed the development of this tool and to discuss the best way to implement its use in the care of an individual patient.
Tracking hybrid viability across life stages in a natural avian contact zone
Authors: Ålund Murielle , Marzal J Carolina Segami , Zhu Yishu , Menon P Navaneeth Krishna , Jones William , Qvarnström Anna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hybrid inviability is an important post-zygotic reproductive barrier between species, but emerging signs of reduced viability can be difficult to study across the lifespan of natural hybrids. We use a combination of long-term monitoring, extra-pair paternity, and mitochondrial DNA identification in a natural hybrid zone of Ficedula flycatchers to detect emerging signs of intrinsic hybrid inviability across their entire lifespan. We evaluate possible evidence of Darwin’s corollary to Haldane’s rule, predicting asymmetries in inviability between hybrids resulting from reciprocal crosses, due to incompatible genetic factors with sex-specific inheritance patterns. We found higher hatching failure among mixed-species pairs, possibly indicating early developmental impairments associated with specific parental genetic combinations. Adult hybrids had a higher basal mortality rate than both parental species and different age-specific mortality trajectories. There were signs of differences in age-independent mortality rates between the reciprocal hybrid crosses: hybrids with a pied flycatcher mother experienced slightly increased mortality later in life. Using an exceptional dataset with many natural hybrids tracked across life stages, we provide evidence for several emerging signs of reduced hybrid viability. Incompatibilities between alleles located on autosomes and uniparentally inherited factors such as Z-linked and/or mitochondrial genes are strong candidates underlying intrinsic hybrid dysfunction in this system.
Effect of long-term oral glutathione supplementation on gut microbiome of type 2 diabetic individuals
Authors: Gaike Akshay H , Kalamkar Saurabh D , Gajjar Vijay , Divate Uma , Karandikar-Iyer Sucheta , Goel Pranay , Shouche Yogesh S , Ghaskadbi Saroj S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to check the effect of long-term oral glutathione (GSH) supplementation on alteration in gut microbiome of Indian diabetic individuals. Early morning fresh stool sample of diabetic individuals recruited in a randomized clinical trial wherein they were given 500 mg GSH supplementation orally once a day for a period of 6 months was collected and gut microbiome was analysed using high throughput 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing. Long-term GSH supplementation as reported in our earlier work showed significant increase in body stores of GSH and stabilized decreased glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Analysis of gut microbiome revealed that abundance of phylum Proteobacteria significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) in individuals with GSH supplementation after 6 months compared to those without it. Beneficial dominant genera such as Megasphaera, Bacteroides, and Megamonas were found to be significantly enriched (P &lt; 0.05), while pathogenic Escherichia/Shigella was found to be depleted (P &lt; 0.05) after supplementation. Data clearly demonstrate that GSH supplementation along with antidiabetic treatment helps restore the gut microbiome by enriching beneficial bacteria of healthy gut and reducing significantly the load of pathogenic bacteria of diabetic gut.
Discounting constituent attitudes: motivated reasoning, ambiguity, and policymaker perceptions of constituent characteristics
Authors: Bergan Daniel E , Shulman Hillary C , Carnahan Dustin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In experimental work, researchers have found that policymakers discount the opinions of constituents with whom they disagree. We build on these results with a national sample of local policymakers in the United States, exploring whether communicators can prevent policymakers from discounting their opinions by providing evidence of their own knowledge about a topic. We find that policymakers discount the opinions of hypothetical constituents with whom they disagree, but there is evidence that providing unambiguous evidence about a letter-writer’s positive traits can reduce this discounting. We conclude with a discussion of implications for theory as well as practical implications for communicating with policymakers.
Multipolar or multiplex? Interaction capacity, global cooperation and world order
Authors: Acharya Amitav , Estevadeordal Antoni , Goodman Louis W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article uses a new concept—multiplexity, rather than multipolarity or liberal hegemony—to describe and analyse the changing world order. Instead of conventional measures like economic or military power, it uses ‘interaction capacity’ among states, or the relative ability of nations to exercise leadership and organize cooperation as the key world order measure. Using a new dataset composed of post-Second World War treaties to measure interaction capacity, it finds the world order changing from United States leadership, toward a more de-centered, pluralistically led (multiplex) world—a decline in the relative importance of great powers, an increase in the interaction capacity of middle and small powers, and the significance of clusters of cooperation among nations that are not necessarily geographically close to each other. We conclude that, while leadership in global cooperation is increasingly pluralized along actors and issue areas, it is not collapsing or becoming overly transactional. These findings should guide debates on the future of world order and reform of international institutions. While policy makers must prepare for a transition from the unipolar moment and the rise of non-western nations, they should not succumb to undue pessimism about the collapse of global cooperation, which is underpinned by long-term dynamics of interaction capacity among nations.
Implications of methodologies for integrating empirical kinships into ex situ population management using PMx: A case study of Baer’s Pochard (Aythya baeri) in North America
Authors: Chaille Asako Y , Lacy Robert C , Putnam Andrea S , Toste Jamie L , Wilder Aryn P , Ivy Jamie A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The application of molecular tools to population management can improve the long-term genetic viability of ex situ populations. In this study, we aimed to understand the implications of integrating empirical kinships into the genetic management of an ex situ population of the endangered waterfowl, Baer’s pochard (Aythya baeri), in North America. Single nucleotide polymorphism data were generated for 141 Baer’s pochard using double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and empirical kinships were derived and integrated into the population management software PMx. Analyses suggested 37.7% of pairwise relationships previously assumed to be unrelated were first, second, or third-order relatives. We determined that most genetic summary statistics were impacted through the calculation of the population’s mean kinship, which increased from MK¯=0.0772 to MK¯=0.2074 after empirical kinships were integrated into our analyses. Our results also revealed the importance of understanding how molecular kinships derived from a particular estimator are scaled, if the scale differs significantly from pedigree-based kinships. We describe the theory behind the genetic metrics impacted and provide general guidance on incorporating empirical kinships into ex situ population management as well as provide suggestions for sampling strategies to minimize the biases inherent in merging two types of kinship estimators.