bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perilla frutescens var acuta inhibits differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes by downregulation of lipogenic pathway
Authors: Thomas Shalom Sara , Kim Mina , Ro Jai Youl , Cha Youn‐Soo 
Published: November 2023

Condiments are substances which are used to add flavors in foods and they have also been used in traditional medicines in various parts of the world. Perilla is one of the widely used condiments in Asian countries including China, Japan and South Korea. Previous studies reported that Perilla frutescens var britton (Green perilla) have antioxidant, antiallergic, antiobesity and neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Perilla frutescens var acuta (purple perilla) leaves on differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. The sample did not show any cytotoxicity. After inducing differentiation, with or without different concentrations of the sample for a period of eight days, the cells were extracted for quantification of triglycerides and mRNA expression of adipogenic transcription factors and enzymes. Treatment with perilla extract reduced the triglyceride accumulation dose dependently which was evident from the TG quantification as well as Oil Red O staining of lipid droplets. The mRNA expressions of transcription factors like PPARγ, C/EBPα and lipogenic enzymes like ACC, FAS, aP2 were significantly reduced in treated cells. GPDH activity assay also showed similar results. In conclusion, the results of this study elucidated that perilla leaf extract prevents accumulation of lipid and differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes by downregulation of lipogenic pathway. Further studies are to be conducted to find the potential antiobesity effect of purple perilla on rodents.Support or Funding Information[This research was financially supported by the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MOTIE), Korea, under the “Regional Specialized Industry Development Program” supervised by the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT)]
Low Manganese May Increase the Risk of Diabetes in Chinese Adults
Authors: Liu Liping , Du Shufa , Wang Huijun , Mendez Michelle A , Popkin Barry M 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundDiabetes has rapidly increased in past two decades in China. Recent studies reported that manganese may help regulate glucose metabolism, while little is known about the relationship between manganese concentrations and the risk of diabetes.MethodsWe used a subsample (n=5,587 adults aged 18 – 65 years) who provided blood and toenail samples in 2009 from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, a study covering 9 provinces varying in environment and urbanization in China. We measured manganese on toenail samples with inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP‐MS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) on fresh whole blood samples with high performance liquid chromatography, insulin on serum samples with radioimmunology method, and glucose on serum samples with Hitachi 7600 Auto‐analyzer. We estimated the association between manganese concentrations and diabetes by using logistic regression models in which we controlled for age, gender, body mass index, education, social‐economic status, residential region (urban/rural), and urbanization index.ResultsThe median manganese concentration was 3.86 mg/kg with a range of 0 – 60.58 mg/kg. The prevalence of diabetes defined as HbA1c ≥ 6.5% was 8.15%, 6.88%, 6.20%, and 4.36% from the 1st to 4th quartile of manganese concentration (p trend <0.001), respectively, and the average prevalence was 6.38%. Compared to the 1st quartile, the odds ratio of diabetes from 2nd to 4th quartile was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.59 – 1.11), 0.83 (95% CI: 0.60 – 1.17), and 0.58 (95% CI: 0.40 – 0.84), respectively. The average serum glucose was 95.87 mg/dL. Serum glucose decreased with increased manganese, but it was significantly lower in the 4th quartile only, compared to the 1st quartile (94.06 vs. 97.68 mg/dL, p trend =0.01).ConclusionManganese is an important element for human health. Our findings suggest that low manganese may increase the risk of diabetes. Manganese may play an important role in preventing the development diabetes.Support or Funding InformationThis study is supported by the NIH (R01‐HD30880) and the NIH Fogarty International Center (D43 TW009077)
Female Wistar Han® Outbred Rats as a Model of Obesity When Fed High Fat Diets
Authors: Flowers Jessica , Horn Mandy Jayne 
Published: November 2023

This study describes the development of a new rodent model of diet induced obesity utilizing non‐ovariectomized, virgin female Wistar Han® rats. At 3 wk of age, rats were allowed ad libitum access to either high fat (HF‐1; 60% kcal from fat) or control (CON; 13% kcal from fat) diet for a period of 30 wk. A third cohort was started on the same high fat diet (HF‐2) at 8 wk of age for a period of 22 wk. Body weight was measured weekly. At 33 wk of age, food intake was recorded and body composition and energy expenditure were measured. Clinical chemistry parameters were assessed and plasma hormone levels were analyzed. At 33 weeks of age body weight was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in HF compared to CON but not between HF groups (HF‐1, 335 g, HF‐2, 315 g, CON, 260 g). Percent body fat was also significantly greater in rats maintained on high fat compared to control diets but did not differ due to age at high fat diet initiation (HF‐1, 27%, HF‐2, 25%, CON, 13%). Leptin levels were significantly elevated in obese rats consistent with the increased proportion of body fat; all other clinical chemistry and hormone levels measured were within normal range for rats. Total energy intake during the monitoring period was approximately 11% higher in HF rats compared to CON (HF‐1, 47.4 ± 3.1, HF‐2, 45.1 ± 2.6, CON, 41.6 ± 2.8 total kcal). During the dark cycle, HF rats were approximately 20% less active than CON (HF‐1, 15,667 ± 607, HF‐2, 15,662 ± 1095, CON, 18,535 ± 1023 total beam breaks). In conclusion, these female rats became obese with increased energy intake and reduced activity in the absence of surgical or genetic modification, suggesting a potential model for further evaluation of the interplay between leptin and estrogen on energy regulating pathways. Additionally, the rats are non‐diabetic despite a significant degree of obesity. This diet‐induced obesity model may have utility for testing novel anti‐obesity compounds to assess how gender specific hormonal differences may influence weight loss/gain outcomes.Support or Funding InformationThis research was privately funded by Envigo.
Can Bone Regulating Hormones and Nutrients Characterize the Metabolically Healthy Obese Phenotype?
Authors: Cheung May , Becker Kendra , Samantha Diamond , Rita Duszak , Lisa McNamee , Wojciechowicz Christine , Aditi Suresh , Abeer Aljahdali , Margaret‐Claire Chenuit , Sukumar Deeptha 
Published: November 2023

The term Metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype has been used to describe those who present with a benign metabolic profile despite excess adiposity. These individuals are obese but are either completely free of metabolic abnormalities or have less than three components of metabolic syndrome. Previous studies suggest that bone regulating hormones and nutrients, such as parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), estrogen, osteocalcin, vitamin D, calcium and magnesium (Mg) influence overall energy metabolism. In this study, we aim to determine whether bone regulating hormones and nutrients can help characterize the MHO phenotype. We hypothesize that adequate Mg status, higher serum 25OHD and lower serum PTH concentrations are variable that could be included in the characterization of the MHP phenotype. A total of 27 overweight or obese adults (BMI 25–40 kg/m2) were recruited. Measurements were obtained for ionized Mg, serum 25OHD, serum PTH, body fat percentage, trunk fat percentage, total fat mass, blood pressure, glycemic indices, lipid profile, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in order to determine the metabolic factors differentiating MHO vs metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) in this sample. Based on the presence of metabolic abnormalities, participants were classified as MHO (n=13) or MUO (n=14). Results showed no significant difference in mean age between the MHO group and MUO group (Mean age : 32.6 ± 9.2 yr). As expected, serum insulin concentrations and diastolic BP were lower in the MHO group compared to the MUO group (p < 0.04). In addition, triglyceride and c‐reactive protein concentrations did not differ between groups. Dietary Mg intake tended to be higher in the MHO group (270.4 ± 181.7 mg/day) than the MUO group (195.4 ± 88.9 mg/day). Ionized Mg concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.04) in the MHO group than in the MUO group. Serum 25OHD concentrations did not differ between groups, while serum PTH concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.02) in the MUO group (61.8 ± 25.9 pg/mL) than the MHO group (40.2 ± 11.5 pg/mL). Serum osteocalcin and serum c‐telopeptide collagen concentrations also tended to be higher in the MHO compared to the MUO group. In summary the MHO phenotype had a better magnesium status, lower serum PTH levels and higher serum levels of bone turnover markers, some of which have shown to regulate energy metabolism. Early recognition of the alterations in these bone regulating hormones and nutrients can be a potential target for intervention or prevention of metabolic abnormalities in the obese population.Support or Funding InformationAmerican Heart Association‐ Scientist Development Grant‐ 16SDG27050002 to Deeptha Sukumar
A high fiber cookie made with VERSAFIBE&[trade] 1490 dietary fiber reduces post‐prandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults
Authors: Stewart Maria L , Zimmer J. Paul 
Published: November 2023

VERSAFIBE™ 1490 dietary fiber is a resistant starch type 4 derived from potato, containing 90% total dietary fiber (TDF, AOAC 991.43 method). This low‐viscosity fiber ingredient has many food applications, including snacks, bread, pasta, and cookies. In this double‐blind, randomized, cross‐over study, we compared the glycemic response to two cookies in 28 healthy adults. The test cookie was formulated with VERSAFIBE 1490 dietary fiber and refined wheat flour (24.1 g TDF) and the control cookie was formulated with maltodextrin and refined wheat flour (0.5 g TDF, control). The cookies were matched for total weight, total carbohydrate, sugars, protein, and fat. Subjects were randomly assigned the treatment order. The primary outcome was the two‐hour (baseline to 120 min) intravenous blood glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC0‐120min). During each 24‐hour study period, subjects consumed a standard evening meal, fasted for 12 hours, and arrived at the study clinic the following morning. Serum glucose, serum insulin, and capillary glucose were measured at 0 min, 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min, 180 min and 240 min after cookie consumption. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB Services, Aurora, Ontario). All subjects provided informed consent prior to enrolling in the study. Product perception (sensory evaluation and overall liking) was similar between the two treatments. The VERSAFIBE 1490 dietary fiber cookie reduced the post‐prandial serum glucose iAUC0‐120min by 44% (p = 0.004) and reduced the maximum glucose concentration (Cmax0‐120min) by 8% (p = 0.001) versus the control cookie. Consumption of the VERSAFIBE 1490 dietary fiber cookie resulted in a significant 46% reduction of the post‐prandial serum insulin iAUC0‐120min (p < 0.001) and a 23% reduction in Cmax0‐120min (p = 0.007) versus the control cookie. There was a 48% reduction in the elevation of post‐prandial capillary glucose iAUC0‐120min (p < 0.001) and a 9% decrease in Cmax 0‐120min (p = 0.005) when participants consumed the VERSAFIBE 1490 dietary fiber cookie versus the control cookie. Serum glucose, serum insulin, and capillary glucose values were significantly lower at individual time points when the VERSAFIBE 1490 dietary fiber cookie was consumed versus the control cookie. This study shows that VERSAFIBE 1490 can be incorporated into a cookie and significantly reduce post‐prandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults. The consumer perception of the high‐fiber VERSAFIBE 1490 dietary fiber cookie was similar to the low‐fiber control cookie, which demonstrates a practical approach to formulating baked goods with high dietary fiber content.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by Ingredion Incorporated, Bridgewater, NJ, USA. Copyright 2016 by Ingredion Incorporated
Effect of Ganjang (Korean fermented Soy sauce) on renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system in Sprague‐Dawley rats
Authors: Kim Misun , Mun Eun‐Gyung , Cha Youn‐Soo 
Published: November 2023

This study investigated the effect of Ganjang (Fermented soy sauce) on renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system(RAAS) in Sprague‐Dawley rats. Animals were divided into 5 groups; Control(CT), NaCl(NC), Soy bean(SB), Meju(MJ), Ganjang(GJ). The order of Systolic blood pressure(SBP) among the groups were NC>>MJ>CT>GJ>SB. Na+ concentration in the groups were as follows CT<GJ<NC=SB<MJ in urine. In feces, Na+ was not significantly different. Ion excretion indirectly show activation of RAAS which was higher in CT compared to NC, SB, MJ and GJ. Plasma Renin level were as follows CT=NC>GJ>MJ=SB. However, plasma Angiotensin II level and aldosterone level were not significantly different. RAAS is activated by low salt concentration in blood or decreased blood flow. Plasma renin level of NC group was higher and SBP of NC group was increased; SBP of SB, MJ and GJ were decreased. Plasma Angiotensin II and aldosterone levels were not significantly different, although SBP in SB, MJ and GJ groups were decreased. However, mRNA expression of Renin expression was CT>NC=SB=MJ>GJ and Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) expression order was MJ>SB>NC=GJ=CT. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) expression was significantly low in GJ compared to other groups. Na+ transporters expression showed similar results. And SB was lower in Na+/K+ ATPaseα1(NKAα1) and Na+/H+exchanger3 (NHE3). MJ showed lower expression of Na+/HCO3− (Bicarbonate) coexchanger (NBC) and Carbonic anhydrases II (CAII) and NHE3. MR is aldosterone receptor and its activation causes in reabsorption of sodium. Therefore, the decreased SBP in SB, MJ and GJ could be a result of low of Na transporters expression. In conclusion, this study showed that the probability of hypertension is lower in Soy sauce including diet compared to the high salt, evident by low level of SBP and sodium transporters in SB, MJ and GJ group compare to NC group.Support or Funding Information[This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education(2015R1D1A3A01015869)]
An updated approach for extraction and detection of human plasma tocopherols and tocotrienols
Authors: Khan Md Shahjalal Hossain , Hao Lei , Shen Chwan‐Li , Wang Shu 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionTocopherols and tocotrienols are two subgroups of Vitamin E with a saturated or unsaturated side chain, respectively. Each subgroup has four isomers (α, β, γ and δ). Among four tocopherols and four tocotrienols, α‐ and γ‐tocopherol are the main form of vitamin E found in daily food. Tocotrienols are not abundant in foods, but some studies have demonstrated that they have beneficial effects on health via their anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative properties. A 12‐week randomized, double‐blinded, and placebo‐controlled clinical trial has been conducted to evaluate the effects of γ‐ and δ‐tocotrienols on bone health and their underlying mechanisms. Accurate and reliable extraction and detection methods are critically needed for measuring blood concentrations of tocopherols and tocotrienols in this study.MethodsPlasma was saponified by KOH followed by extraction with hexane. Rac‐tocol was used as an internal standard. The extracted lipids were dried under nitrogen gas. The dried lipids was resuspended into methanol and transferred into a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) vial. Tocopherols and tocotrienols were detected using a Waters HPLC system with a PFP column (4 μm, 4.6×150mm) and a florescence detector, excitation wavelength was 296 nm, and emission wavelength was 325 nm. The mobile phase was composed of methanol and water (35:9, v:v), the flow rate was 0.8 mL/min.ResultsRac‐tocol, α‐, β‐, γ‐, δ‐tocopherols and α‐, β‐, γ‐, δ‐tocotrienols were separated very well using this HPLC detection method. Compared to the baseline levels, 12‐week supplementation of γ‐ and δ‐tocotrienols increased their blood concentrations.ConclusionsThe extraction method with saponification can effectively extract plasma tocopherols and tocotrienols. The HPLC detection method can simultaneously measure internal standard and all tocopherols and tocotrienols.
Bioavailability of Carotenoids and Specific Vitamins of a Commercially Available Fruit‐, Berry‐ and Vegetable‐Juice Concentrate
Authors: Dams Sebastian , Lamprecht Manfred , Holasek Sandra Johanna , Meier‐Allard Nathalie , Poncza Brigitte , Jansenberger Yvonne , Malliga Daniela Eugenia 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionSeveral clinical trials have documented that supplementations with a whole food based encapsulated fruit/berry/vegetable juice powder supplement (Juice Plus+®) improved markers of redox biology, low‐grade inflammation and circulation. The aim of this study was whether this product provides bioavailable carotinoides and vitamins A, E and C to support mechanistic explanations for the beneficial outcomes observed in the past.MethodsIn this one‐arm clinical trial 18 healthy subjects (m/f, 20 – 50 yrs), non‐smokers, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria received the product over 8 weeks. 6 capsules a day, 2 of the fruit blend + 2 of the berry blend + 2 of the vegetable blend, were taken with meals. After wash‐out of all food supplements and dietetic foodstuff the bioavailability of several carotenoids and vitamins C, A, E was determined at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention with the nutraceutical.ResultsAfter 8 weeks of supplementation the plasma carotenoids α‐carotene, β‐cryptoxanthine, and lycopene increased significantly (p<0.05). β‐carotene increase almost reached significance (p=0.053). Also plasma concentrations of vitamins C, A (all‐trans retinol), and α‐tocopherol increased significantly after eight weeks of supplementation. We observed no differences between genders. For those micronutrients with known reference ranges like α‐carotene, β‐carotene, and vitamins C, E and A, all observed increases leveled off around the upper limit of the individual reference range.ConclusionThe data demonstrate that the investigated fruit‐, berry‐ and vegetable‐juice concentrate is able to increase plasma carotenoids and vitamin concentrations of healthy subjects within 8 weeks. Our observations let us assume that carotenoid‐ and vitamin‐malnourished subjects could benefit from supplementation with this whole food based nutraceutical.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by Green Beat, Graz, Austria
GENE EXPRESSION AND COORDINATION OF CELLULAR ZINC TRANSPORTERS AND METALLOTHIONEINS ARE ALTERED IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Samman Samir , Chu Anna , Foster Meika , Hancock Dale P , Petocz Peter 
Published: November 2023

Background/AimsThe involvement of zinc in multiple physiological systems requires tight control of cellular zinc concentration. The current study aims to explore the relationships among cellular zinc transporters (ZnT and ZIP) and metallothioneins (MT) in a healthy population and a cohort with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsBaseline data from three trials forming two cohorts, healthy (n = 70) and T2DM (n = 42), were used for combined statistical analyses. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to identify groupings within 10 zinc transporter and MT gene expressions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, stratified by health status. Multiple regression models were used to explore relationships among zinc transporter/MT groupings, dietary zinc and plasma zinc.ResultsGene expression of most cellular zinc transporters and MT were lower in the T2DM cohort (P < 0.01). Cluster analysis identified similar groupings of zinc transporters and MT between the cohorts, with the exception of the placement of 2 transporters: ZnT1 and ZIP7. In the T2DM group, ZnT1 was associated with ZnT6 and ZIP3, while ZIP7 was associated with ZnT5, ZnT7, ZIP1 and ZIP10. When grouped by the components identified, zinc transporters and MT were significant determinants of plasma zinc (r2 = 0.48, P = 0.001) in the healthy cohort, but not in T2DM.ConclusionsThe current study suggests altered cellular zinc homeostasis in T2DM; the dissociation of ZnT1 and ZIP7 from their groupings as identified in the AH cohort, highlights potential defects in zinc transport system associated with T2DM.Support or Funding InformationN/A
Regulation Of Selenogenome, Selenoproteome, And Selenocystenine Biosynthesis And Degradation‐Related Genes By A Novel Organic Se Compound In Avian Tissues
Authors: Sun Lv‐hui , Zhao Ling , Briens Mickael , Xu Shi‐wen , Lei Xin Gen 
Published: November 2023

A new organic Se compound, 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methylselenobutanoic acid (SeO), was shown to be more bioavailable than Na2SeO3 or seleno‐yeast (SeY) to chicks, hens, and pigs. This study was to determine regulations of 26 selenoprotein genes, 5 selenoproteins (GPX1, GPX4, SEPP1, SEPW1, and SELU), and 5 selenocystenine biosynthesis and degradation‐related genes (Pstk, SeciSbp2, Sephs1, SepSecS, and Scly) by the three sources of Se in liver, breast, thigh, and/or plasma of chicks. Day‐old male broilers (n = 6 cages/diet, 6 chicks/cage) were fed a Se deficient, corn/soy‐based diet (BD, 0.05 mg Se/kg) or the BD supplemented with Na2SeO3, SeY, or SeO at 0.2 mg Se/kg for 6 weeks. While the three sources of Se enhanced (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of Gpx1, Gpx3, Sepp1, Pstk, and SepSecS in all three tissues over the BD group, only SeO upregulated (P < 0.05) the expression of Sels and Sepx1 in the liver and thigh. Compared with Na2SeO3, SeO caused greater increases (P < 0.05) in expression of Gpx3 mRNA and GPX4, SELU, and SEPP1 proteins in the three tissues and/or plasma. A greater (P < 0.05) expression of GPX4 and SEPP1 protein in the three tissues and/or plasma and Sepp1 and SepSecS mRNA in the two muscles was produced by SeO than SeY. In conclusion, SeO exhibited a unique ability to induce the expression of Sels and Sepx1 mRNA and to enhance the production of GPX4 and SEPP1 proteins in the chick tissues.Support or Funding InformationSupported in part by NSFC 31501987 and 31320103920, NSTSPC‐2013BAD20B04, and Adisseo.