Real World Results of Brexucabtagene Autoleucel for Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma - First German/Swiss Analysis
Authors: Hess Georg , Vucinic Vladan , Rejeski Kai , Aydilek Enver , Simon Linda , Penack Olaf , Koenecke Christian , von Bonin Malte , von Tresckow Bastian , Fehr Martin , Pott Christiane , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Leng Corinna , Schroers Roland , Duell Johannes , Marks Reinhard , Mueller Fabian , Brunnberg Uta , Kerkhoff Andrea , Ohler Anke , Wagner Drouet Eva-Maria , Schmidtmann Irene , Theobald Matthias , Dreyling Martin , Dreger Peter 
Published: December 2023

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells have revolutionized treatment in many B-cell neoplasias. In MCL, brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel) has been the first product approved based on results of the ZUMA-2 trial for patients failing prior chemoimmunotherapy and BTK-inhibitor. However, in ZUMA-2, strict criteria have been used for patient selection, e.g. no use of intensive bridging/holding treatment was allowed, excluding patients with high treatment needs. In contrast to this, in the real-world scenario patient selection is much more diverse questioning whether the results of controlled trials can be reproduced in the regular treatment landscape. In this intent, we have analyzed the results obtained with brexu-cel as standard-of-care treatment (SOC) of r/r MCL in Germany and Switzerland.
Patients/methods: Eligible for this first analysis of an ongoing registry study were all German and Swiss patients with r/r MCL who have been treated with SOC brexu-cel since 09/2020 and were registered with the German Stem Cell Registry (DRST) and the Registry of the European Mantle Cell lymphoma (EMCL), respectively. Of note, some patients have received more than one CAR-T-treatment. Data were analyzed for patient and disease characteristics, prior treatment history, response to treatment, and complications as well as post treatment outcomes. Due to the character of this analysis based on real world data, with heterogeneous surveillance strategies we have used primarily time to next treatment (TTNT) instead of progression-free survival, due to the potential biases for the latter. While still adding patients to the analysis, an additional follow-up data cut is planned 10/2023.
Results: 111 patients have been identified: median age at diagnosis was 64.3 years (range 42.3-79.5; 19/99 patients ≥ 70), 18% female (not known (nk) 2.7%); ethnicity 66.7% Caucasian (nk 30.6%). Disease characteristics: 80/88 had stage 3/4 (91%), histology was classical in 34/57 cases (60%) and blastoid in 19/57 (33%), respectively. MIPI score was low 14/53 (26%), intermediate 17 (32%), high 21 (40%). TP53 alteration was present in 13/58 (22%), Ki67-expression was ≤ 30% in 18/50 (36%). TTNT for last treatment preceding CAR-T-treatment was 7.7 months. Overall survival (OS) for the entire patient population from diagnosis was 12.8 years.
Preceding CAR-T, median number of treatments was 3 (range 1-9), all patients had prior Rituximab and Ibrutinib, 62 patients (56%) had received autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) and 11 patients had received an allogeneic SCT. Median age at this time point was 68.1 years (range 49-82y). 50/110 patients were &gt;70 years. Bridging treatment had been used in 88/112 (79%) preceding CAR.
Based on investigator evaluation ORR was 86%, best response to CAR-T was CR in 47/76 patients (62%) and PR in 18/76 (24%). Time to death or new treatment after CAR-T was 8 months (mo) for patients ≤ 70y and 12 mo for patients &gt; 70y. There was no difference for the number of prior lines (≤ 3 vs. &gt; 3). The estimated median OS was 1.9 years. 26 patients have received at least 1 additional line of treatment after progression.
Safety: Post-CAR CRS was seen in 95/114 (83%), Grade 1/2 77/95 (81%), Grade 3/4 (18%), Grade 5 (1%); ICANS was noted in 57/111 (51%), Grade 1/2 43/57 (75%), all other Grade 3/4. The rate of ICU admissions was 25/106 (24%). However, within 28 days after CAR-T-cell treatment 9/98 (9%) patients have died. Overall, in the post CAR-T-period 20 patients died of reasons other than progression: 4 CAR-related, 11 infections, 5 other/unknown.
Discussion: In this real-world analysis, we could demonstrate, despite a more heterogeneous pre-treated patient population, a high overall and complete response rate. Median post CAR-T-cell survival was promising with 1.9 years. While CRS and ICANS risks seem to be comparable to trial data, the high non-relapse mortality (NRM) observed after SOC brexu-cel for r/r MCL is a concern and warrants refinement of anti-infectious surveillance and prophylaxis. Further work focusses on the identification of potential risk factors, e.g. using risk scores such as CAR-HAEMATOTOX, EASIX, and Severe4.