bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Fungi-mediated Biodegradation Pathway of Polymers in Environmental Systems(Dump Sites)
Authors: Olaide Z.  , Patricia O. N.  , Esther C. A.  , Obiefoka S. O.  , Temitope S.  , Mustapha S.  , Adeyemi A. K.  , Yahaya R. A.  
Published: October 2023

Context: The growing presence of environmental plastic has garnered escalating attention and worry in recent decades. While ease of production, durability, cost-effectiveness, and resistance to corrosion are valued attributes for consumer goods, they contribute to the persistent environmental presence, leading to a widespread surge in plastic pollution.
Aim: To find out various microbial- mediated biodegradation pathway of polymers (black nylon and white nylon).
Settings and Design: The research was carried out by obtaining dump soil from a mechanic dump site and a hospital dump site in Ibadan, Oyo state.
Materials and Methodology: Dump soil were obtained, diluted(serial) and Cultered and morphological and microscopic observation were carried out while polythene bags which are black nylon and white nylon were also degraded at Day 5, 10 ,15 and 20.
Results: Biodegradation of polymers is influenced by both polymer characteristics and the presence of specific microorganisms in the environment. Fungi, with species like A. niger, A. flavus, and C. fungus were identified in a dump site. Weight analysis of polythene bags (black nylon and white nylon) over days revealed slight changes, indicating some degradation. PCR analysis confirmed genetic material from fungal isolates, highlighting the specificity and sensitivity of the chosen primers.
Conclusion: The presence of Aspergillus species in the dump site suggests their potential for bioremediation efforts in challenging environments
Follow-Up Timing After Discharge and Suicide Risk Among Patients Hospitalized With Psychiatric Illness
Authors: Che Song Ee , Gwon Yeong Geun , Kim Kyoung-Hoon 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceAlthough early outpatient follow-up after psychiatric inpatient discharge may prevent suicide, the association between early follow-up care and a reduced risk of suicide after discharge has not been fully explored.ObjectivesTo investigate outpatient follow-up care after psychiatric inpatient discharge and determine whether the timing of the first outpatient follow-up is associated with a reduced risk of suicide.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based, retrospective cohort study used the National Health Claim Database from 2017 to 2018 in Korea. Patients were observed until December 31, 2021, to confirm the occurrence of suicide. The study population included all patients aged 18 years or older who were newly admitted to hospitals with psychiatric illness except for dementia from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018. Statistical analysis was performed from January to May 2023.ExposureThe timing of the first mental health outpatient care follow-up within 30 days after discharge.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcome of interest was suicide after hospital discharge. The timing of the first follow-up visit was observed within 30 days after discharge. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to explore the association between the risk of suicide and the timing of outpatient follow-up.ResultsOf the 76 462 patients admitted to hospitals from 2017 to 2018, 225 (52.6%) were male; 21 313 (27.9%) had a primary diagnosis of substance use disorder, 17 608 (23.0%) had schizophrenia, and 15 018 (19.6) had depression; mean (SD) age was 46.4 (16.3) years. A total of 49 319 patients (64.5%) received follow-up outpatient care within 30 days of discharge. The mean (SD) follow-up period was 30.8 (20.2) months, and 1536 patients died of suicide during the study period. The hazard ratio for suicide risk in patients who received outpatient care within 7 days compared with those who did not receive any care within 30 days after discharge was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.80–0.83). The earlier the time of outpatient follow-up care, the lower the risk of suicide for those with substance use disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients with psychiatric illness, early follow-up outpatient care after discharge was associated with a lower risk of suicide. These results suggest that those at high risk of suicide during hospitalization need intensive follow-up immediately after discharge.
A Porous Skeleton‐Supported Organic/Inorganic Composite Membrane for High‐Efficiency Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Authors: Liao Yiwen , Deng Guoxiong , Wu Haoyu , Ding Li , Wang Haihui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHydrogen energy is a truly renewable and clean energy source. Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) is the most promising technology for green hydrogen production currently. In the AWE process, the critical part of an alkaline electrolyzer is the membrane, which acts to conduct hydroxide ions and block gases. However, developing low area resistance, high bubble point pressure and highly stable membrane for high‐performance AWE is still a challenge. Herein, porous skeleton‐supported composite membranes via the blade‐coating method for advanced AWE are prepared. The porous composite membranes, besides having hydrophilic surface, also show ultra‐low area resistance (≈0.15 Ω cm2), ultra‐high bubble point pressure (≈27 bar) and excellent mechanical properties (tensile stress, ≈14 MPa). By using commercial catalysts, the composite membranes exhibit a current density of up to 1.9 A cm−2 at the voltage of 2 V in 30 wt% KOH solution at 80 °C and achieve ultra‐high H2 purity (up to 99.996%) when applied in AWE. Notably, the composite membrane can operate for more than 1600 h without performance attenuation, demonstrating excellent stability. This study opens up the feasibility of preparing high‐performance AWE membranes for large‐scale hydrogen production.
Industrial Kraft Lignin Based Binary Cathode Interface Layer Enables Enhanced Stability in High Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Qilun , Liu Tiefeng , Wilken Sebastian , Xiong Shaobing , Zhang Huotian , Ribca Iuliana , Liao Mingna , Liu Xianjie , Kroon Renee , Fabiano Simone , Gao Feng , Lawoko Martin , Bao Qinye , Österbacka Ronald , Johansson Mats , Fahlman Mats 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHerein, a binary cathode interface layer (CIL) strategy based on the industrial solvent fractionated LignoBoost kraft lignin (KL) is adopted for fabrication of organic solar cells (OSCs). The uniformly distributed phenol moieties in KL enable it to easily form hydrogen bonds with commonly used CIL materials, i.e., bathocuproine (BCP) and PFN‐Br, resulting in binary CILs with tunable work function (WF). This work shows that the binary CILs work well in OSCs with large KL ratio compatibility, exhibiting equivalent or even higher efficiency to the traditional CILs in state of art OSCs. In addition, the combination of KL and BCP significantly enhanced OSC stability, owing to KL blocking the reaction between BCP and nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs). This work provides a simple and effective way to achieve high‐efficient OSCs with better stability and sustainability by using wood‐based materials.
Nonvolatile Memory Organic Light‐Emitting Transistors
Authors: Xu Meili , Zhao Changbin , Meng Zhimin , Yan Hao , Chen Hongming , Jiang Zhixiang , Jiang Zhuonan , Chen Hong , Meng Lingqiang , Hui Wei , Su Zhenhuang , Wang Yueyue , Wang Zhenhui , Wang Jianing , Gao Yuanhong , He Yaowu , Meng Hong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the field of active‐matrix organic light emitting display (AMOLED), large‐size and ultra‐high‐definition AMOLED applications have escalated the demand for the integration density of driver chips. However, as Moore's Law approaches the limit, the traditional technology of improving integration density that relies on scaling down device dimension is facing a huge challenge. Thus, developing a multifunctional and highly integrated device is a promising route for improving the integration density of pixel circuits. Here, a novel nonvolatile memory ferroelectric organic light‐emitting transistor (Fe‐OLET) device which integrates the switching capability, light‐emitting capability and nonvolatile memory function into a single device is reported. The nonvolatile memory function of Fe‐OLET is achieved through the remnant polarization property of ferroelectric polymer, enabling the device to maintain light emission at zero gate bias. The reliable nonvolatile memory operations are also demonstrated. The proof‐of‐concept device optimized through interfacial modification approach exhibits 20 times improved field‐effect mobility and five times increased luminance. The integration of nonvolatile memory, switching and light‐emitting capabilities within Fe‐OLET provides a promising internal‐storage‐driving paradigm, thus creating a new pathway for deploying storage capacitor‐free circuitry to improve the pixel aperture ratio and the integration density of circuits toward the on‐chip advanced display applications.
Electrocatalysts Design Guided by Active Intermediates of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Jiachen , Ma Caini , Jia Shuyu , Gu Yanan , Sun Dongmei , Tang Yawen , Sun Hanjun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHydrogen production from water electrolysis plays an important role for the development of hydrogen‐based energy sources. Developing efficient electrocatalysts is crucial for accelerating the reaction kinetics and achieving large‐scale water electrolysis. Despite the significant advancements in electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) achieved over the past few decades, there remains a lack of comprehensive discussion on the in‐depth mechanism for the enhanced activity, particularly with regard to the active intermediates. Recently, with the development of state‐of‐the‐art characterization methods and theoretical computation, optimizing interaction between reaction intermediates and corresponding active sites has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to enhance the intrinsic catalytic activity. Herein, the recent advances in the electrocatalysts design guided by active intermediates of HER are presented. Emphasis is focused on the discussion of key intermediates that determine HER activity and the strategies to tune the interaction between active sites and reaction intermediates. Finally, an outlook on future challenges and perspectives on the development of electrocatalysts based on the active intermediates is given.
Proteomic Indicators of Health Predict Alzheimer's Disease Biomarker Levels and Dementia Risk
Authors: Dark Heather E. , Paterson Clare , Daya Gulzar N. , Peng Zhongsheng , Duggan Michael R. , Bilgel Murat , An Yang , Moghekar Abhay , Davatzikos Christos , Resnick Susan M. , Loupy Kelsey , Simpson Missy , Candia Julián , Mosley Thomas , Coresh Josef , Palta Priya , Ferrucci Luigi , Shapiro Allison , Williams Stephen A. , Walker Keenan A. 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveFew studies have comprehensively examined how health and disease risk influence Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. The present study examined the association of 14 protein‐based health indicators with plasma and neuroimaging biomarkers of AD and neurodegeneration.MethodsIn 706 cognitively normal adults, we examined whether 14 protein‐based health indices (ie, SomaSignal® tests) were associated with concurrently measured plasma‐based biomarkers of AD pathology (amyloid‐β [Aβ]42/40, tau phosphorylated at threonine‐181 [pTau‐181]), neuronal injury (neurofilament light chain [NfL]), and reactive astrogliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]), brain volume, and cortical Aβ and tau. In a separate cohort (n = 11,285), we examined whether protein‐based health indicators associated with neurodegeneration also predict 25‐year dementia risk.ResultsGreater protein‐based risk for cardiovascular disease, heart failure mortality, and kidney disease was associated with lower Aβ42/40 and higher pTau‐181, NfL, and GFAP levels, even in individuals without cardiovascular or kidney disease. Proteomic indicators of body fat percentage, lean body mass, and visceral fat were associated with pTau‐181, NfL, and GFAP, whereas resting energy rate was negatively associated with NfL and GFAP. Together, these health indicators predicted 12, 31, 50, and 33% of plasma Aβ42/40, pTau‐181, NfL, and GFAP levels, respectively. Only protein‐based measures of cardiovascular risk were associated with reduced regional brain volumes; these measures predicted 25‐year dementia risk, even among those without clinically defined cardiovascular disease.InterpretationSubclinical peripheral health may influence AD and neurodegenerative disease processes and relevant biomarker levels, particularly NfL. Cardiovascular health, even in the absence of clinically defined disease, plays a central role in brain aging and dementia. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:260–273
pH‐Responsive Protein Conformation Transistor
Authors: Tao Fei , Han Qian , Deng Miaoran , Miao Shuting , Yang Peng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAnalogous to electronic transistors, transistor‐like responsive materials undergo sharp structural transitions in response to a very narrow range of microenvironment signals. This kind of material is typically limited to synthetic polymer‐derived nanoscale assembly or disassembly and has profound implications for modern high‐tech applications. Herein, we evolve this system from synthetic polymers to biopolymers and extend the corresponding assembly scale from the nanoscale to meso/macro‐scale. We develop unique protein nanocrystals with core–shell structures through a two‐step nucleation process. The protein nanocrystals exhibit exceptional transistor‐like pH‐responsive mesoscale assembly through the formation of inter‐particle β‐sheet linkers. This allows ultrasensitive cross‐linking behavior, such as self‐coacervation at a water/water interface, ultrafast gelation in seconds, and ultrasensitive swelling for detection of basic vapors at extremely low concentrations. This breakthrough has great promise for broader applications such as drug encapsulation and delivery, biosensing, cytomimetic materials, and microfluidic chemistry.
Ultrahigh‐Rate Na/Cl2 Batteries Through Improved Electron and Ion Transport by Heteroatom‐Doped Bicontinuous‐Structured Carbon
Authors: Xiang Luoxing , Xu Qiuchen , Zhang Han , Geng Shitao , Cui Rui , Xiao Tianyu , Chen Peining , Wu Liang , Yu Wei , Peng Huisheng , Mai Yiyong , Sun Hao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRechargeable sodium/chlorine (Na/Cl2) batteries are emerging candidates for sustainable energy storage owing to their superior energy densities and the high abundance of Na and Cl elements. However, their practical applications have been plagued by the poor rate performance (e.g., a maximum discharge current density of 150 mA g−1), as the widely used carbon nanosphere cathodes show both sluggish electron‐ion transport and reaction kinetics. Here, by mimicking the sufficient mass and energy transport in a sponge, we report a bicontinuous‐structured carbon cubosome with heteroatomic doping, which allows efficient Na+ and electron transport and promotes Cl2 adsorption and conversion, thus unlocking ultrahigh‐rate Na/Cl2 batteries, e.g., a maximum discharge current density of 16,000 mA g−1 that is more than two orders of magnitude higher than previous reports. The optimized solid–liquid–gas (carbon–electrolyte–Cl2) triple interfaces further contribute to a maximum reversible capacity and cycle life of 2,000 mAh g−1 and 250 cycles, respectively. This study establishes a universal approach for improving the sluggish kinetics of conversion‐type battery reactions, and provides a new paradigm to resolve the long‐standing dilemma between high energy and power densities in energy storage devices.
Resistance of poly(lactic acid)/starch composites to weathering effects
Authors: Goetjes Victoria , Zarges Jan‐Christoph , Heim Hans‐Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn order to produce a completely bio‐based and cost‐effective filled polymer, PLA and native potato starch as a filler were compounded by twin screw extrusion. Subsequently injection molded test specimens were manufactured and subjected to artificial weathering as well as different storages (high temperature, high humidity, freeze, water) for 504 h with a view to long‐term resistance. Depending on the starch content a significant reduction of up to 100% in tensile strength can be seen, as the starch accelerates or inhibits the triggered aging effects. As a result of the influence of humidity and water as well as artificial weathering, stress cracks are formed in starch‐containing samples. Storage at an elevated temperature (70°C, 50% RH) leads to polymer degradation of the PLA. This degradation can be inhibited by the addition of starch. Freezing storage has no significant influence on the mechanical and structural properties of the PLA starch composites.
Über den Organischen Aufbau Der Stassfurter Salzablagerungen
Authors: Rózsa Michael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEs wurden weitere Beweise über die Unhaltbarkeit der Barrentheorie aufgeführt.Zuflüsse und größere Temperaturveränderungen der oberen Seeschichten haben Rezidiv‐ und Temperaturschichten zustande gebracht, die vielfach gemeinschaftlich vorkommen.Das Hartsalz scheint ein Umwandlungsprodukt zu sein.
Infrarotspektroskopische Methoden zur quantitativen Analyse von Mehrstoff‐systemen am Beispiel der Isomeren des Hexachlorcyclohexans
Authors: Mecke R. , Mutter R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEs werden am Beispiel der Hexachlorcyclohexane zwei neue Analysenauswertverfahren beschrieben, die beim Zweistoffsystem (α‐, γ‐C6H6Cl6) und beim Mehrstoffsystem (technisches Rohprodukt) die Vorteile moderner, registrierender Spektrometer ausnutzen. Beim technischen Rohprodukt läßt sich selbst bei Anwesenheit größerer Mengen störender Verunreinigungen für den Gehalt an analysierten Komponenten noch eine Analysensicherheit von 2% erreichen.
Neues Verfahren zur Herstellung von blendenstreuungsfreien Röntgen‐Kleinwinkelaufnahmen
Authors: Kratky O. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEine der größten Schwierigkeiten, die der Entwicklung des Röntgen‐Kleinwinkelverfahrens zu einer Präzisionsmethode auch für die Untersuchung der diffusen Streuung entgegensteht, ist die unerwünschte Blendenstreuung. Sie tritt bei allen bisher bekannten Verfahren auf. Es wird ein neuer Weg angegeben, durch den die Blendenstreuung auch bei Verwendung polychromatischer Strahlung vollkommen beseitigt wird. Die neue Kleinwinkelkamera ist von besonderer Einfachheit in Bau und Handhabung. Schon mit einer sehr primitiven Ausführung (Bauzeit ein Tag) konnte der Bereich bis 1000 Å völlig störungsfrei erhalten werden.
Über analoge Grundbegriffe der Elektrochemie und der Elektroinduktion
Authors: Lange Erich 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn weitgehender Analogie gelten folgende Beziehungen: Für eine offene galvanische Zelle 1/2/3/4/1′: U1,1′ = ‐E = ‐𝔎/(n · 𝔉). Dabei ist U1,1′ = 1ϕ ‐ 1′ϕ die meßbare reversible Zellspannung, eine elektrische Wirkungsgröße; als Ursache wirkt die chemische Affinität 𝔎 der Zellreaktion, mit der Zellreaktions‐Ladungszahl n, bzw. die eingeprägte elektromotorische Kraft E = + 𝔎/(n · 𝔉).In einer offenen Leiterschleife gilt U1,1 = ‐Eind = dΦ/dt, als Ursache wirkt die Zunahme dΦ/dt des magnetischen Flusses bzw. die induzierte elektromotorische Kraft Eind = ‐dΦ/dt, die elektrische Wirkung hiervon ist die meßbare induzierte Spannung U1,2.
Polarisationstitration Teil I: Prinzip, Durchführung und Anwendbarkeit des Verfahrens
Authors: Franck U. F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEs wird ein mit niederfrequentem Wechselstrom durchzuführendes Titrationsverfahren beschrieben, bei dem der Äquivalenzpunkt am Polarisationswiderstand einer geeigneten Indikatorelektrode erkannt wird. Dies ist immer dann möglich, wenn mindestens eine Ionenart der Titrationsreaktion zugleich auch geschwindigkeitsbestimmend ist für die elektrochemische Reaktion der verwendeten Elektrode. Die im Äquivalenzpunkt stattfindenden sprungartigen Konzentrationsänderungen führen in diesem Fall zu entsprechend starken Änderungen des Polarisationswiderstandes. Dieses Verfahren, für das die Bezeichnung „Polarisationstitration”︁ vorgeschlagen wird, ist auf die meisten gebräuchlichen Titrationsreaktionen anwendbar. Die Äquivalenzpunktanzeige ist wegen der hohen Konzentrationsempfindlichkeit des Polarisationswiderstandes außerordentlich scharf, so daß Titrationen noch in sehr verdünnten Lösungen möglich sind.
Anwendung physikalisch‐chemischer Methoden zur Charakterisierung der Plasmaproteine
Authors: Schultze H. E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhysikalisch‐chemische Methoden haben die erst im Anfang einer Entwicklung stehende Aufgliederung des Plasmaeiweißes in zahlreiche Proteinindividuen bereits wesentlich gefördert. Von ihnen sind Ultrazentrifugier‐ und Elektrophoreseuntersuchungen auch heute noch wichtige Methoden zur Bestimmung von Molekelkonstanten. Der derzeitige Forschungsstand erfordert jedoch den Einsatz dieser Methoden zur Charakterisierung des Reinheitsgrades, so daß Diskussionen über den Verlauf der Sedimentations‐ und Elektrophoresekurven, insbesondere die verschiedenen Ursachen etwaiger Abweichungen von idealen Gaußschen Kurven in den Vordergrund des Interesses rücken.Es werden derartige Gradientenkurven bei sieben selbstgewonnenen hochgereinigten Plasaproteinen, die markante chemische und biologische Unterschiede aufweisen, aufgenommen und besprochen. Bei Sedimentationsanalysen ist der Einfluß der Aggregatbildung, bei der Abwärts‐Elektrophorese im Tiseliusapparat das Auftreten von Brechungsanomalien und die pH‐abhängige, bei allen Plasmaproteinen mit Ausnahme des γ‐Globulins beobachtete Aufteilung in 2–3 Komponenten zu berücksichtigen. Die Aufwärts‐Elektrophorese bei hohen Proteinkonzentrationen und bei pH 8,6 ist für die Entdeckung von Verunreinigungen bei Plasmaproteinen mit Ausnahme des γ‐Globulins geeignet, auf Kontrolluntersuchungen in der Ultrazentrifuge kann aber nicht verzichtet werden.Beide Methoden erfahren eine wertvolle Ergänzung durch die immunchemische Reinheitsprüfung, vor allem durch den hier angewandten, quantitativ auswertbaren Gel‐Diffusionstest von Ouchterlony. Dieser erweist sich unentbehrlich zur Aufklärung und Bestimmung geringer Verunreinigungen in der Größenordnung von 0,01%, die auf andere Weise nicht zu erfassen sind.Die Streulichtmethode hat sich wegen ihrer schnellen Durchführbarkeit als Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Molekelgewicht und ‐form bei den Plasmaproteinen bewährt.Für eine sorgfältige Charakterisierung der Eigenschaften und des Reinheitsgrades auch anderer Eiweißkörper dürfte die gemeinsame Anwendung der hier beschriebenen vier Methoden eine Mindestforderung darstellen.
Sensitometrische Studien in weiten Belichtungsbereichen. V [Reziprozitätsfehler und Gradationen bei langen Entwicklungszeiten. — Die Emulsion (R + H)]
Authors: Eggert J. , Okamoto Y. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWir haben in einer früheren Arbeit die sensitometrischen Eigenschaften photographischer Schichten untersucht, die nach einer bestimmten Fällvorschrift mit drei verschiedenartigen Gelatinen hergestellt und mit vier verschiedenen Entwicklungsarten behandelt worden waren1). Ergänzend wird nachfolgend an einigen Fällen gezeigt, daß sich die beobachteten Reziprozitätsfehler beträchtlich verringern, namentlich für Kurzzeitbelichtungen, wenn die Entwicklung lange genug fortgesetzt wird. — Während bisher nur drei typische Gelatinen verwendet wurden, eine inerte (P), eine mit Schwefel‐Reifstoff versehene (R) und eine Hemmkörper enthaltende (H), wird nunmehr untersucht, welche Eigenschaften die photographische Schicht aufweist, wenn Reif‐ un Hemmsubstanzen gleichzeitig und in den gleichen Konzentrationen wie bisher anwesend sind. Die Kurven der Reziprozitätsfehler und das kinetische Verhalten dieser (R + H)‐Schichten während der Entwicklung weisen einerseits darauf him, daß sich die Wirkungen der beiden Zusätze gegenseitig kompensieren können, andererseits gibt es auch Kriterien, an denen sich die Zusätze getrennt erkennen lassen. — Anschließend an die Überlegungen in der früheren Arbeit wird versucht, die kinetischen Beobachtungen mit Hilfe verschiedener Keimgrößenverteilungen zu deuten.