bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunocytochemical evaluation of estrogen receptor on archival Papanicolaou‐stained fine‐needle aspirate smears
Authors: Krishnamurthy Savitri , Dimashkieh Haytham , Patel Shobha , Sneige Nour 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe availability of limited fine‐needle aspirate smears necessitates the selection of immunocytochemical (IC) methods that allow reuse of Pap‐stained smears to assess the estrogen receptor (ER) status of breast carcinoma. The objective of the current study was to compare IC evaluation of ER status on FNA smears by three methods: 1) ER‐ICA using H222 monoclonal antibody performed on slides fixed in formaldehyde–methanol–acetone; 2) destained Pap slides using 1D5 antibody; and 3) Pap‐stained slides without destaining using the same 1D5 antibody. Two representative Pap smears of breast carcinoma were selected from 48 cases of breast carcinoma in which ER was previously evaluated by ER‐ICA. One of these Pap smears was used as such and the other was destained prior to immunostaining by a modified ABC method using 1D5 monoclonal antibody. The number of cells with positive nuclear staining was expressed as a percentage and the intensity of staining was semiquantitatively scored on a scale of 1+ to 3+. The degree of agreement between the three methods was evaluated statistically by weighted kappa statistics. Thirty cases (63%) showed varying degrees of positive staining while 18 cases (38%) were entirely negative by all three methods. Significant discrepancies in the number of cells with positive staining and in the intensity of staining between the three methods occurred in 40% and 23% of the cases and was mainly due to a reduction in the number of cells with positive staining and the intensity of staining using Pap slides in comparison to ER‐ICA. Weighted kappa agreement of the percentage of cells with positive staining using Pap‐stained slides and destained Pap‐slides in comparison to ER‐ICA was 0.75 and 0.64, respectively, and that for the intensity of staining was 0.75 and 0.66, respectively. Therefore, IC evaluation of ER using Pap‐stained smears as such or destained Pap smears compared favorably with ER‐ICA. However, Pap‐stained smears used as such for ER immunostaining showed a slightly better agreement with ER‐ICA than destained Pap smears. Because significant differences in ER‐IC staining can occur with any of the immunocytochemical methods, a negative result is less reliable as an indicator of true ER status than a positive result. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:309–314. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative fine‐needle aspiration and pathologic study of malignant fibrous histiocytoma: Cytodiagnostic features of 95 tumors in 71 patients
Authors: Klijanienko Jerzy , Caillaud Jean‐Michel , Lagacé Réal , Vielh Philippe 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTo determine diagnostic cytomorphologic features of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) materials, we reviewed the cytologic material and corresponding histologic slides of 95 tumors in 71 patients. Forty‐four (46%) tumors were primary, 38 (40%) were recurrent, and 13 (14%) were metastatic. Histological variants of MFH were as follows: 52 (54.7%, 43 patients) were of the storiform/pleomorphic, seven (7.4%, five patients) were giant cells, four (4.2%, four patients) were inflammatory, and 31 (33.7%, 19 patients) were myxoid type. Review of original cytology reports showed that only 23 (24.2%) tumors were diagnosed as MFH and 68 (71.6%) as other types of malignancies. Four (4.2%) cases were reported as unsatisfactory/suspicious. Our findings showed that spindle‐shaped, round, giant cells, osteoclastic‐like giant, and inflammatory cells were the most consistent features that allow identification of the storiform/pleomorphic, giant cell, and inflammatory variants of MFH. The myxoid tumors had marked myxoid background matrix with spindle‐shaped cells and, less frequently, round and giant cells. Pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of stroriphorm/pleomorphic, giant cells, and inflammatory variants of MFH. However, myxoid MFH may resemble their leiomyosarcoma and liposarcoma counterparts. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:320–326. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Statistical analysis of cytologic features useful in separation of metastatic urothelial carcinoma from other metastatic epithelial malignancies
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Jones Claudia , Hirschowitz Sharon 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe identification of a site of origin and direction of differentiation for metastatic neoplasms is clinically important, but is often difficult purely by cytologic analysis of aspirated material. Cytologic separation of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) from other moderate or poorly differentiated epithelial malignancies is difficult, with few cytologic criteria identified in the literature as valuable for this distinction. Several investigators have suggested that “cercariform cells” (CCs) are highly correlated with the presence of metastatic UC. We statistically analyzed the utility of 37 cytomorphologic features for the recognition of urothelial differentiation in a series of 26 metastatic UCs, 10 metastatic squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and 15 metastatic adenocarcinomas (ADCs). All specimens had been obtained from metastatic deposits in the lung, liver, lymph nodes, or soft tissues. Stepwise discriminate function analysis with all three diagnoses showed that the strongest discrimination could be made using the findings of waxy metaplastic cytoplasm, with significant increments in prediction added by analysis for (CCs) followed by spindle cells, multiple nucleoli, and columnar‐shaped cells. The combination of these five variables accurately predicted 90% of all diagnoses, including 26 accurate diagnoses of UC, 9 accurate diagnoses of SCC, and 11 accurate diagnoses of ADC. CCs were present in highest numbers in UCs and present least frequently in cases of poorly differentiated ADC. While CCs were useful in the identification of UC, CCs occurred in a significant number of SCCs, limiting their diagnostic value as a single variable. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:334–338. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy in the soft tissues of the arm: Fine needle aspiration biopsy and histologic correlation–a case report
Authors: Al‐Marzooq Yusef M. , Al‐Bagshi Muneer H. , Chopra Rajan , Hashish Hany 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA case of melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) presenting as a soft tissue mass in the right arm of a 6‐mo female child is discussed. The mass was diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and confirmed by histological examination. This communication emphasizes the characteristic cytology of MNTI and discusses its significance in the context of this tumor occurring in the soft tissues. The cytology smears were distinctive in showing a dual population of small, rounded, undifferentiated cells and larger melanin‐containing epithelial‐like cells. It is the identification of the latter cells in the smears which differentiates this tumor from other round cell tumors of infancy and helps in the correct diagnosis by FNAB. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:352–355. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deterministic and stochastic processes in children's isometric force variability
Authors: Deutsch Katherine M. , Newell Karl M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis study examined the influence of deterministic and stochastic processes (including white Gaussian noise) on reductions in the amount of force output variability through childhood. The structure of the force signal produced during a constant isometric pinch grip task was examined as a function of age (6, 8, and 10 years, and young adults), availability of feedback information (with and without vision), digit (thumb and index finger), and force level (5, 15, 25, and 35% of maximal voluntary contraction). The amount of white Gaussian noise in the force signals was negligible and not age related. The availability of vision led increasingly over the older age groups to lower long‐range correlations with more than a single scaling range in a 1/f‐like decay process. The reductions in the amount of force variability from childhood to adulthood were related in large part to deterministic organization that increased the adaptive use of higher frequency components, due to the more flexible use of information feedback and feedforward processes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 43: 335–345, 2003.
Infant hand‐use preferences for grasping objects contributes to the development of a hand‐use preference for manipulating objects
Authors: Hinojosa Trisha , Sheu Ching‐Fan , Michel George F. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTwenty‐five infants, divided into three approximately equal groups according to their hand‐use preference for reaching for and grasping objects (right, left, or no‐preference), were videotaped at 7 and 11 months while involved in a semiplay activity in which they were presented with 26 toys (20–40 s for each presentation). Unimanual manipulation activity was coded, and the increase or decrease in preferred hand use across the two ages was analyzed. Infants with a right preference for reaching showed an increase in right‐hand use for unimanual manipulatory actions from 7 to 11 months. Infants with a left preference for reaching showed an increase in left‐hand use whereas infants with no preference for reaching showed a modest increase in the use of the right hand. These results support a modified progressive lateralization theory, which posits that a hand‐use preference for reaching for and grasping objects will concatenate during development into a hand‐use preference for manipulating objects. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 43: 328–334, 2003.
Induction of maternal behavior in adult female rats following chronic morphine exposure during puberty
Authors: Byrnes Elizabeth M. , Rigero Beth A. , Bridges Robert S. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe peripubertal period in the female rat is the time when the stimulatory effects of opioids on prolactin (PRL) secretion develop. In the adult rat, the administration of chronic high‐dose morphine has been shown to attenuate the ability of opiates to stimulate PRL secretion. One function of PRL in adult virgin rats is the induction of maternal behavior. The present study examined whether chronic high‐dose morphine exposure during the peripubertal period alters PRL‐mediated induction of maternal behavior in adult female rats. Two groups of juvenile female rats were administered increasing doses of morphine or vehicle (sc) from age 30 to 50 days. As adults, these females either remained intact or were ovariectomized and treated with a PRL‐dependent, steroid hormone regimen that stimulates a rapid onset of maternal behavior. All females were then exposed daily to rat foster pups to determine whether peripubertal morphine exposure affected their latencies to induce maternal behavior. Morphine treatment resulted in a delay in vaginal opening and a temporary reduction in the rate of weight gain; however, the rate of onset of maternal behavior was unaffected by peripubertal morphine treatment. Thus, chronic morphine exposure in the pubertal female did not impact the expression of pup‐induced maternal care. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 43: 367–372, 2003.
Neurochemical correlates of sparing from motor deficits in rats depleted of striatal dopamine as weanlings
Authors: Sandstrom Michael I. , Nelson Christopher L. , Bruno John P. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe behavioral and neurochemical effects of striatal DA depletions were investigated in rats lesioned as weanlings (Day 27) or as adults (250–300 g). Administration of 6‐OHDA into the medial forebrain bundle resulted in comparably large (≥95%) depletions of tissue levels of DA in both age groups. As expected, rats depleted of DA as adults exhibited marked deficits in motoric behavior and body weight regulation that persisted for the 8 days of postsurgical observation. In contrast, rats depleted of DA as weanlings were spared from such deficits, and their behavior closely resembled that of age‐matched controls. Microdialysis studies revealed dialysate levels of striatal DA that paralleled these age‐dependent behavioral differences. At a time when age‐related behavioral differences were still quite pronounced (5–6 days postsurgery), basal DA levels were reduced by 80% of control values in rats lesioned as adults whereas basal DA levels in rats lesioned as weanlings were unchanged relative to their controls. Finally, adults depleted of striatal DA as weanlings were no more sensitive to the movement‐impairing effects of intrastriatal sulpiride (3.0 or 10.0 μg/hemisphere) infusions than were control rats. These data suggest that weanlings compensate for large, but incomplete, denervation of striatal DA with markedly enhanced release and turnover from residual terminals. This developmental plasticity may prevent the occurrence of behavioral deficits soon after the lesion and also the supersensitivity to the challenging effects of DA antagonists as animals grow into adulthood. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 43: 373–383, 2003.
Nerve conduction velocity and evoked potential latencies in streptozotocin‐diabetic rats: effects of treatment with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
Authors: Manschot Sanne M. , Gispen Willem Hendrik , Kappelle L. Jaap , Biessels Geert Jan 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus is associated with deficits in cerebral function. Vascular disorders may play a role in the pathogenesis and provide a potential target for treatment. The present study examined if prevention and intervention treatment with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril could improve peripheral and central neurophysiological deficits in streptozotocin‐diabetic rats.MethodsSciatic nerve conduction velocities were measured prior to diabetes induction and again every three weeks. In the prevention study, the final nerve conduction measurements were performed at 15 weeks and in the intervention study at 24 weeks. Brain stem auditory and visual evoked potential latencies were measured every 3 weeks from 10 weeks after diabetes induction. In the prevention study, the final evoked potential measurements were performed at 16 weeks and in the intervention study at 25 weeks. Treatment with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril was started directly after diabetes induction (prevention treatment) and after 15 weeks of diabetes (intervention treatment).ResultsNerve conduction velocity, brain stem auditory and visual evoked potential latencies were impaired in diabetic rats. Enalapril prevented deficits in nerve conduction velocity (p < 0.001), brain stem auditory evoked potential latencies (p < 0.01) and visual evoked potential latencies (p < 0.005). Enalapril intervention treatment had no effect on nerve conduction velocity and on visual evoked potential latencies, but improved brain stem auditory evoked potential latencies (p < 0.05) after 10 weeks of treatment.ConclusionEnalapril partially prevents the development of neurophysiological alterations in the peripheral and central nervous system and partially reverses deficits in brain stem auditory evoked potential latencies in STZ‐diabetic rats. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enteroviruses and type 1 diabetes
Authors: Varela‐Calvino Ruben , Peakman Mark 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been linked to exposure to environmental triggers, with Enteroviruses (EV) historically considered the prime suspects. Early serological studies suggested a link between EV infections and the development of T1DM and, though controversial, have been bolstered by more recent studies using more sensitive techniques such as direct detection of the EV genome by RT‐PCR in peripheral blood. In this review, we consider the weight of evidence that EV can be considered a candidate trigger of T1DM, using three major criteria: (1) is EV infection associated with clinical T1DM, (2) can EV trigger the development of autoimmunity and (3) what would explain the putative association? Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tetraploid development in the mouse
Authors: Eakin Guy S. , Behringer Richard R. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSpontaneous duplication of the mammalian genome occurs in approximately 1% of fertilizations. Although one or more whole genome duplications are believed to have influenced vertebrate evolution, polyploidy of contemporary mammals is generally incompatible with normal development and function of all but a few tissues. The production of tetraploid (4n) embryos has become a common experimental manipulation in the mouse. Although development of tetraploid mice has generally not been observed beyond midgestation, tetraploid:diploid (4n:2n) chimeras are widely used as a method for rescuing extraembryonic defects. The tolerance of tissues to polyploidy appears to be dependent on genetic background. Indeed, the recent discovery of a naturally tetraploid rodent species suggests that, in rare genetic backgrounds, mammalian genome duplications may be compatible with the development of viable and fertile adults. Thus, the range of developmental potentials of tetraploid embryos remains in large part unexplored. Here, we review the biological consequences and experimental utility of tetraploid mammals, in particular the mouse. Developmental Dynamics 228:751–766, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mouse muscle identity: The position‐dependent and fast fiber‐specific expression of a transgene in limb muscles is methylation‐independent and cell‐autonomous
Authors: Ngô‐Muller Valerie , Bertrand Anne , Concordet Jean‐Paul , Daegelen Dominique 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe previously characterised transgenic mice in which fast‐muscle‐specific regulatory sequences from the human aldolase A pM promoter drive the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene expression. Mutation of a NF1/MEF2 binding site (M2 motif) in this promoter does not affect fibre‐type specificity of the transgene but modifies its expression in a subset of fast‐twitch fibres at the limb level, preferentially affecting distal limb muscles. We investigated the molecular and cellular bases of this peculiar expression pattern that provided an adequate model to characterise the mechanisms responsible for muscle positional information. By direct electrotransfer of mutated M2 construct in adult muscle, we demonstrate that positional differences in mutated M2 transgene expression are not observed when the transgene is not integrated into chromatin. Also, this transgene expression pattern does not seem to be correlated with the extent of CpG methylation in its promoter sequence. Finally, we show that positional values reflected by CAT levels are maintained in primary cultures established from different adult limb muscles, as well as in heterotopically transplanted muscles. Our results suggest that mutation of the M2 site contributes to reveal a molecular memory of fibre fate that would be set up on pM promoter during development and persist into adulthood possibly through a chromatin imprint maintained in satellite cells associated with various limb muscles. Developmental Dynamics 228:594–605, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurotrophin‐3 signaling in mammalian Merkel cell development
Authors: Szeder Viktor , Grim Miloš , Kucera Jan , Sieber‐Blum Maya 
Published: December 2003

AbstractMerkel cells are sensory cells of neural crest origin. Because little is known about the mechanisms that direct their differentiation, we have investigated the potential role of a candidate regulatory factor, neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3). At embryonic day 16.5 (E 16.5), neither NT‐3 nor its primary receptors, TrkC and p75NTR are expressed by Merkel cells in the murine whisker. At the time of birth, however, Merkel cells are immunoreactive for NT‐3, TrkC and p75NTR. In TrkC null and NT‐3 null mice, Merkel cells differentiate initially, but undergo apoptosis perinatally. These results show that NT‐3 signaling is not required for the differentiation of Merkel cells, but that it is essential for their postnatal survival. Developmental Dynamics 228:623–629, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells in tooth root development
Authors: Zeichner‐David Margarita , Oishi Keiji , Su Zhengyan , Zakartchenko Vassili , Chen Li‐Sha , Arzate Higinio , Bringas Pablo 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDuring tooth development, after the completion of crown formation, the apical mesenchyme forms the developing periodontium while the inner and outer enamel epithelia fuse below the level of the crown cervical margin to produce a bilayered epithelial sheath termed Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS). The role of HERS cells in root formation is widely accepted; however, the precise function of these cells remains controversial. Functions suggested have ranged from structural (subdivide the dental ectomesenchymal tissues into dental papilla and dental follicle), regulators of timing of root development, inducers of mesenchymal cell differentiation into odontoblasts and cementoblasts, to cementoblast cell precursors. The characterization of the HERS phenotype has been hindered by the small amount of tissue present at a given time during root formation. In this study, we report the establishment of an immortal HERS‐derived cell line that can be maintained in culture and then induced to differentiate in vitro. Characterization of the HERS phenotype using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot immunostaining suggests that HERS cells initially synthesize and secrete some enamel‐related proteins such as ameloblastin, and then these cells appear to change their morphology and produce a mineralized extracellular matrix resembling acellular cementum. These studies suggest that the acellular and cellular cementum are synthesized by two different types of cells, the first one by HERS‐derived cementoblasts and the later by neural crest‐derived cementoblasts. Developmental Dynamics 228:651–663, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Skin‐specific expression of ictacalcin, a homolog of the S100 genes, during zebrafish embryogenesis
Authors: Hsiao Chung‐Der , Ekker Marc , Tsai Huai‐Jen 
Published: December 2003

AbstractFull‐length cDNA coding for the ictacalcin gene, a homolog of the S100 genes, was isolated in zebrafish and mapped on linkage group 16 using the LN54 radiation hybrid panel. The homology and phylogenetic analyses, based on the deduced amino acid sequences, showed the orthologous relationship of ictacalcin genes between zebrafish and other fish species. However, ictacalcin genes constitute an out‐group with respect to other members of the S100 gene family. This result supports the findings that fish ictacalcin genes are new members of the S100 gene family and may have evolved after the divergence of teleosts and tetrapods. The zebrafish ictacalcin gene was zygotically transcribed from 12 hours postfertilization onward and was stably expressed throughout adulthood. During zebrafish embryogenesis, the ictacalcin gene was specifically expressed in striated epidermal cells covering the entire embryo. The ictacalcin staining in keratinocytes of striated epithelia was absent in the cytoplasm surrounding the nuclei, but it was highly concentrated in the peripheral margin. Tissues enriched with epithelia folds, such as olfactory epithelium, hatching gland, pectoral fin buds, urogenital opening, and pharynx, showed a robust ictacalcin expression. The strikingly heavy staining of ictacalcin in the pharyngeal region provides us with an early marker to follow the pharynx formation in zebrafish embryos. Developmental Dynamics 228:751–766, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.