bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of the combining received differential encoding transmit diversity with imperfect carrier recovery over correlated Nakagami fading channels
Authors: Fan Guoping , Fan Pingyi , Cao Zhigang 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA differential detection scheme for transmit diversity was proposed by Tarokh, which can achieve full diversity order without the requirement to estimate the channel state at the receiver. This paper investigates the potential of using multiple receive antennas for differential space time coded MPSK signals over correlated Nakagami fading channels. We also investigate the effect of the carrier frequency offset (CFO) and channel correlation on its performance and present some results on its maximal tolerable frequency offsets for different MPSK signals. The results have shown that the differential encoding transmit diversity is very robust to the CFO and channel correlation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circular shifted transmit diversity
Authors: Wu Gang , Cheng Shixin 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThree design requirements of space‐time block code, full diversity order, full data rate and orthogonality, cannot be achieved simultaneously when the number of transmit antenna is more than two. In this paper, we propose a transmit diversity scheme—circular shifted transmit diversity (CSTD). CSTD can always achieve the full data rate and has very low decoding complexity. Through the performance analysis and simulation comparison in the case of same spectrum efficiency between CSTD and other well‐known proposed schemes, it can be proved that CSTD always significantly outperforms the other transmit diversity schemes with full data rate. Additionally, compared with the transmit diversity schemes with full diversity order, CSTD has lower complexity and approximately the same performance when channel coding is concatenated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nuclear export of RNA
Authors: Rodriguez Manuel S. , Dargemont Catherine , Stutz Françoise 
Published: August 2004

Abstract A defining feature of eukaryotic cells is the presence of a nuclear envelope separating transcription and DNA replication in the nucleus from the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. The regulation of gene expression relies in part on the controlled exchange of molecules between these two compartments. Factors implicated in transcription regulation and DNA replication have to be imported into the nucleus, whereas RNAs produced in the nucleus have to be exported, either to fulfill their function in protein synthesis or to mature into functional particles. This review summarizes studies performed over the last 15 years that led to the identification of cellular factors mediating nuclear export of the different classes of RNAs, including tRNAs, UsnRNAs, micro‐RNAs, ribosomal RNAs and mRNAs. We also discuss recent evidence indicating that the nuclear transport step is intimately linked to RNA synthesis, processing and mRNP assembly, thus ensuring that only properly matured ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes reach the cytoplasm.
Altered hetero‐ and homeometric autoregulation in the terminally failing human heart
Authors: Brixius Klara , Reuter Hannes , Bloch Wilhelm , Schwinger Robert H.G. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjective and methods:To further investigate length‐dependent force generation in human heart, nonfailing (donor hearts, NF) and terminally failing (heart transplants, dilated cardiomyopathy, DCM) left ventricular myocardium was studied under various preload (4–40 mN/mm2) or length conditions. In addition, morphological studies (van Giesson Trichrome staining, electron microscopy) were performed.Results:In NF, a biphasic increase in force of contraction (FOC) was observed after elevating the preload (4–40 mN/mm2): there was an immediate fast increase (FOCf,), followed by a slow increase over several minutes (FOCs), which was paralleled by an increase in the systolic fura‐2 transient. In DCM, FOCf, FOCs and the systolic fura‐2 transient were blunted and diastolic tension was increased at increasing muscle length. Only in NF, a stretched induced increase in diastolic fura‐2 ratio was observed. In DCM, no obvious interstitial fibrosis and no difference in basement membrane structure and attachment were observed.Conclusions:Since FOCf has been attributed to the Frank‐Starling mechanism, whereas FOCs represents a length‐dependent increase in the intracellular Ca2+‐transient, the impaired length‐dependent force generation in failing myocardium results from a dysregulation of both myofibrillar Ca2+‐sensitivity as well as the intracellular Ca2+‐homeostasis. Interstitial fibrosis may have only minor impact on force generation in human end‐stage heart failure.
Book reviews
Authors: Cleland John , Ford S. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractCase Studies in Interventional Cardiology Ed Martin Rothman Published Martin Dunitz (London 2004)Caring for the Heart Patient‐A textbook for the Health Care Professional Edited by: Simon Stewart, Debra K. Moser, David R. Thompson (2004) London, Martin Dunitz ISBN: 1‐4184‐041‐6
Breakthrough pain in malignant and non‐malignant diseases: a review of prevalence, characteristics and mechanisms
Authors: Svendsen Kristina B. , Andersen Steen , Arnason Sigurdur , Arnér Staffan , Breivik Harald , Heiskanen Tarja , Kalso Eija , Kongsgaard Ulf E. , Sjogren Per , Strang Peter , Bach Flemming W. , Jensen Troels S. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBreakthrough pain or transient worsening of pain in patients with an ongoing steady pain is a well known feature in cancer pain patients, but it is also seen in non‐malignant pain conditions with involvement of nerves, muscles, bones or viscera. Continuous and intermittent pain seems to be a general feature of these different pain conditions, and this raises the possibility of one or several common mechanisms underlying breakthrough pain in malignant and non‐malignant disorders. Although the mechanisms of spontaneous ongoing pain and intermittent flares of pain (BTP) may be difficult to separate, we suggest that peripheral and/or central sensitization (hyperexcitability) may play a major role in many causes of BTP. Mechanical stimuli (e.g. micro‐fractures) changes in chemical environments and release of tumour growth factors may initiate sensitization both peripherally and centrally. It is suggested that sensitization could be the common denominator of BTP in malignant and non‐malignant pain.
Comorbid psychiatric diagnoses in kleptomania and pathological gambling: a preliminary comparison study
Authors: Dannon Pinhas N. , Lowengrub Katherine , Sasson Marina , Shalgi Bosmat , Tuson Lali , Saphir Yafa , Kotler Moshe 
Published: August 2004

AbstractKleptomania and pathological gambling (PG) are currently classified in the DSM IV as impulse control disorders. Impulse control disorders are characterized by an overwhelming temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the person or others. The patient usually feels a sense of tension before committing the act and then experiences pleasure or relief while in the process of performing the act. Kleptomania and PG are often associated with other comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. Forty-four pathological gamblers and 19 kleptomanics were included in this study. All enrolled patients underwent a complete diagnostic psychiatric evaluation and were examined for symptoms of depression and anxiety using the Hamilton depression rating scale and the Hamilton anxiety rating scale, respectively. In addition, the patients completed self-report questionnaires about their demographic status and addictive behavior. The comorbid lifetime diagnoses found at a high prevalence among our kleptomanic patients included 47% with affective disorders (9/19) and 37% with anxiety disorders (7/19). The comorbid lifetime diagnoses found at a high prevalence in our sample of pathological gamblers included 27% with affective disorders (12/44), 21% with alcohol abuse (9/44), and 7% with a history of substance abuse (3/44). A larger study is needed to confirm these preliminary results.
Obsessive–compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder: a comparison of clinical features
Authors: Frare Franco , Perugi Giulio , Ruffolo Giuseppe , Toni Cristina 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is currently classified as a somatoform disorder in DSM-IV, but has been long noted to have some important similarities with obsessive—compulsive disorder (OCD). In addition, BDD and OCD have been often reported to be comorbid with each other. In the present study, we compared demographic characteristics, clinical features and psychiatric comorbidity in patients with OCD, BDD or comorbid BDD—OCD (34 subjects with BDD, 79 with OCD and 24 with BDD—OCD). We also compared the pattern of body dysmorphic concerns and associated behaviors in BDD patients with or without OCD comorbidity. In our sample, BDD and OCD groups showed similar sex ratio. Both groups with BDD and BDD—OCD were significantly younger, and experienced the onset of their disorder at a significantly younger age than subjects with OCD. The two BDD groups were also less likely to be married, and more likely to be unemployed and to have achieved lower level degree, than OCD subjects even when controlling for age. The three groups were significantly different in the presence of comorbid bulimia, alcohol-related and substance-use disorders, BDD—OCD patients showing the highest rate and OCD the lowest. BDD—OCD reported more comorbid bipolar II disorder and social phobia than in the other two groups, while generalized anxiety disorder was observed more frequently in OCD patients. Patients with BDD and BDD—OCD were similar as regards the presence of repetitive BDD-related behaviors, such as mirror-checking or camouflaging. Both groups also did show a similar pattern of distribution as regards the localization of the supposed physical defects in specific areas of the body. The only significant difference concerned the localization in the face, that was more frequent in the BDD group. Our results do not contradict the proposed possible conceptualization of BDD as an OCD spectrum disorder. However, BDD does not appear to be a simple clinical variant of OCD and it seems to be also related to social phobia, mood, eating and impulse control disorders. The co-presence of BDD and OCD features appears to possibly individuate a particularly severe form of the syndrome, with a greater load of psychopathology and functional impairment and a more frequent occurrence of other comorbid mental disorders.
Dimensions of mania: differences between mixed and pure episodes
Authors: González-Pinto Ana , Aldama Ana , González Pinto Asunción , Mosquera Fernando , de Heredia José Luis Pérez , Ballesteros Javier , Gutiérrez Miguel 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectiveThe presence of at least five dimensions in mania has recently been established. This study extends previous findings by comparing the dimensions of pure vs. mixed mania.Materials and methodOne hundred and three inpatients with bipolar I disorder, manic or mixed (DSM IV), were assessed with SCID-I, YMRS and HDRS-21. The five-factor solution found after applying factorial analysis with Varimax rotation was compared between manic and mixed patients.ResultsThere were differences between pure mania and mixed states on factor 1 (depression) and factor 3 (hedonism). There was a tendency to present higher values on factor 5 (activation) in the pure manic group. No differences were found in factor 2 (dysphoria) and factor 4 (psychosis).DiscussionHedonism and activation dimensions are present to a lesser degree in mixed states. Although the principal difference between mixed and pure bipolar disorder is the existence of depressive symptoms, the depressive dimension is strongly present in patients with pure mania.ConclusionsThere is need to search for core depressive symptoms in all patients suffering from mania and to evaluate their outcome in clinical trials.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a 19th century children’s book
Authors: Thome Johannes , Jacobs Kerrin A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a major mental disorder in children. Presently, its pathogenesis and treatment as well as its role in adult psychiatry are subjects of heated debate. As early as 1846, the typical symptoms of ADHD were described by Heinrich Hoffmann, a physician who later founded the first mental hospital in Frankfurt. Interestingly, his description was published in a children's book entitled “Struwwelpeter” which he had designed for his 3-year-old son Carl Philipp. The symptomatology is impressively depicted in the colourfully illustrated story of “Zappel-Philipp” (“Fidgety Philip”), probably the first written mention of ADHD by a medical professional. This clearly shows that the diagnosis of ADHD is not an “invention” of modern times.
Rapid tranquilization: new approaches in the emergency treatment of behavioral disturbances
Authors: De Fruyt Jürgen , Demyttenaere Koen 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPsychiatric emergencies are often accompanied by behavioral disturbances that interfere with normal assessment and call for immediate intervention. Different pharmacological treatment regimens have been used for this purpose. Most of these regimens are based upon common clinical practice and have limited evidence base. Recently, a major publication by experts in the field of emergency psychiatry has covered this topic and the therapeutic armamentarium has been extended with the atypical antipsychotics. However, research is still hampered by different methodological limitations: unclear definition of the agitated state and therapeutic goal, idiosyncratic measurement, small sample sizes. The perspective of the patient and the interaction between the emergency care setting and treatment regimen also need further attention. All these important, but often neglected issues are covered in a selective review of the literature.
Vitamin E protects against alcohol‐induced cell loss and oxidative stress in the neonatal rat hippocampus
Authors: Marino Melissa D. , Aksenov Michael Y. , Kelly Sandra J. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractOxidative stress has been proposed as a possible mechanism underlying nervous system deficits associated with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Current research suggests that antioxidant therapy may afford some level of protection against the teratogenic effects of alcohol. This study examined the effectiveness of antioxidant treatment in alleviating biochemical, neuroanatomical, and behavioral effects of neonatal alcohol exposure. Neonatal rats were administered alcohol (5.25 g/kg) by intragastric intubation on postnatal days 7, 8, and 9. A subset of alcohol‐exposed pups were co‐administered a high dose of Vitamin E (2 g/kg, or 71.9 IU/g). Controls consisted of a non‐treated group, a group given the administration procedure only, and a group given the administration procedure plus the Vitamin E dose. Ethanol‐exposed animals showed impaired spatial navigation in the Morris water maze, a decreased number of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells, and higher protein carbonyl formation in the hippocampus than controls. Vitamin E treatment alleviated the increase in protein carbonyls and the reduction in CA1 pyramidal cells seen in the ethanol‐exposed group. However, the treatment did not improve spatial learning in the ethanol‐exposed animals. These results suggest that while oxidative stress‐related neurodegeneration may be a contributing factor in FAS, the antioxidant protection against alcohol‐induced oxidative stress and neuronal cell loss in the rat hippocampus does not appear to be sufficient to prevent the behavioral impairments associated with FAS. Our findings underscore the complexity of the pathogenesis of behavioral deficits in FAS and suggest that additional mechanisms beyond oxidative damage of hippocampal neurons also contribute to the disorder.
Distraction osteogenesis in the Cbfa‐1+/− mouse
Authors: Isefuku S. , Joyner C. J. , Reed A. A. C. , Simpson A. H. R. W. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractDistraction osteogenesis involves division of a bone and gradually pulling the bone ends apart. This delivers mechanical stimulation to mesenchymal cells in the distraction gap, where new bone is regenerated predominantly by intramembranous ossification. The transcription factor Cbfal has been reported to be essential for the differentiation of mesenchymal cells to osteoblasts. In homozygous Cbfal knockout mice, both intramembranous and endochondral ossification mechanisms are blocked and no bone formation occurs. In heterozygous Cbfal knockout mice, only the cranial bones and the clavicles, which form through intramembranous ossification, fail to develop properly as in the human condition of cleidocranialdysostosis. It has been suggested, therefore, that intramembranous ossification is affected by the absence of one of the paired Cbfal genes. We have assessed the potential for intramembranous ossification following distraction osteogenesis in heterozygous Cbfal knockout mice. Fourteen skeletally mature male heterozygous mice were used, together with 10 wild‐type controls. The tibia was distracted by 0.25 mm twice a day (0.5 mm/day) for 10 days using the half‐ring type fixator. Nine mice were kept for a further 28 days to observe the consolidation phase. In four out of five mice of the heterozygous group and in all three wild‐type mice, bony fusion within the distraction gap was observed on radiographs. Histological findings were almost the same in the two groups at various stages of the procedure and intramembranous ossification was predominant in both the groups. Despite the inhibition of intramembranous ossification during the foetal development of Cbfal+/− mice, distraction osteogenesis was as successful as in control mice. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Transduction of rabbit saphenous artery: A comparison of naked DNA, liposome complexes, and adenovirus vectors
Authors: Katsube Kousuke , Bishop Allen T. , Friedrich Patricia F. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe methods and efficiency of gene transfer into rabbit saphenous artery were examined in this study. The purpose was to develop an animal model capable of evaluating the use of angiogenic gene therapy to revascularize necrotic bone more rapidly and completely than by surgical implantation of blood vessels alone. The success of transduction using adenovirus vectors, liposome/DNA complexes, and naked DNA was evaluated with delivery to both intra‐luminal and adventitial sites. Intra‐luminal and adventitial (extra‐luminal) application was used for the viral and liposome methods. Naked DNA was evaluated only in the intraluminal site, based upon previous reports. Relative transduction success was expressed as the percentage of total cells with β‐galactosidase activity. A 20‐mm length of saphenous artery exposed surgically was targeted for lacZ gene transfer. Two days after transduction, the arteries were harvested and stained with X‐gal for β‐galactosidase activity. The percentage of endothelial, media and adventitial cells with β‐galactosidase activity was determined. Intra‐arterial injection of adenovirus vector transduced the largest amount of cells in all three areas of the vessel (endothelium, media and adventitia). The adenovirus vectors when applied to the adventitia only transduced adventitial cells. Following intra‐arterial injection of liposome/DNA complexes transduction was detected only in endothelium. Extra‐luminal liposome and intra‐arterial naked DNA delivery resulted in no detectable gene transfer. Intra‐arterial delivery of an adenovirus vector would likely provide optimal gene transfer for possible angiogenic gene therapy. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published y Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A layered agarose approach to fabricate depth‐dependent inhomogeneity in chondrocyte‐seeded constructs
Authors: Ng Kenneth W. , Wang Christopher C.‐B. , Mauck Robert L. , Kelly Terri‐Ann N. , Chahine Nadeen O. , Costa Kevin D. , Ateshian Gerard A. , Hung Clark T. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractInspired by the depth‐dependent inhomogeneity of articular cartilage, it was hypothesized that a novel layered agarose technique, using a 2% (wt/vol) top and a 3% (wt/vol) bottom layer, would create an inhomogenous tissue construct with distinct material properties in conjoined regions. The biochemical and mechanical development of these constructs was observed alongside uniform 2% and 3% constructs. Initially, uniform 3% agarose disks had the highest bulk Young's modulus (EY ∼ 28 kPa) of all groups. After 28 days of culture in 20% FBS‐containing media, however, uniform 2% chondrocyte‐seeded constructs achieved the highest Young's modulus compared to bilayered and 3% agarose disks. Though all three groups contained similar GAG content (∼ 1.5% ww), uniform 2% agarose disks on day 28 possessed the highest collagen content (∼ 1% ww). Unlike in either homogeneous construct type, microscopic analysis of axial strain fields in bilayered constructs in response to applied static compression revealed two mechanically disparate regions on day 0: a softer 2% layer and a stiffer 3% layer. With time in culture, this inhomogeneity became less distinct, as indicated by increased continuity in both the local displacement field and local EY, and depended on the level of FBS supplementation of the feed media, with lower FBS concentrations (10%) more closely maintaining the original distinction of material properties. These results shed positive light on a layered agarose technique for the production of inhomogeneous bilayered chondrocyte‐seeded agarose constructs with applications for investigations of chondrocyte mechanotransduction and for possible use in the tissue engineering of inhomogeneous articular cartilage constructs. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Metabolism and composition of the canine anterior cruciate ligament relate to differences in knee joint mechanics and predisposition to ligament rupture
Authors: Comerford Eithne J. , Tarlton John F. , Innes John F. , Johnson Kenneth A. , Amis Andrew A. , Bailey Allen J. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPurpose: The objective of this study was to determine whether differences in the composition and metabolism of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in canine anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLs) might relate to mechanical properties of the canine knee. Variations in ACL biochemistry and knee mechanics could account for divergent predispositions to ligament rupture.Methods: Eleven knee joints were obtained from both cadaveric Labrador Retrievers (rupture predisposed) and ex‐racing Greyhounds (non‐rupture predisposed). Anterioposterior laxity and tensile testing determined mechanical properties of the knee joints and ACL samples respectively. The thermal properties of the collagenous matrix were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the biochemical properties by measuring collagen content, collagen cross‐links, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels, matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP).Results: The anterioposterior laxity was significantly greater (p= 0.04) in the Labrador Retriever knee joints, and their ACLs tended to be weaker (p= 0.06). Greater collagen turnover was demonstrated by significantly higher (p= 0.02) concentrations of pro‐MMP‐2, and lower enthalpy of denaturation (p= 0.05) in Labrador Retriever ACLs.Conclusions: The different metabolism of the collagenous matrix in the ACLs of dogs predisposed to rupture was related to greater knee joint laxity and lower ligament material properties (ultimate tensile stress). This may be suggestive of a link between ligament rupture and eventual knee osteoarthritis in both dogs and humans. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.