bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Anodic Response for DMSO at Ruthenium Oxide Film Electrodes as a Result of Doping with Iron(III)
Authors: Simpson Brett K. , Johnson Dennis C. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe oxidation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) is representative of numerous anodic oxygen‐transfer reactions of organosulfur compounds that suffer from slow kinetics at noble metal electrodes. Anodic voltammetric data for DMSO are examined at various RuO2‐film electrodes prepared by thermal deposition on titanium substrates. The response for DMSO is slightly larger at RuO2 films prepared in a flame as compared with films prepared in a furnace; however, temperature is more easily controlled in the furnace. Doping of the RuO2 films with Fe(III) further improves the sensitivity of anodic response for DMSO. Optimal response is obtained at an Fe(III)‐doped RuO2‐film electrode prepared using a deposition solution of 50 mM RuCl3 and 10 mM FeCl3 in a 1 : 1 mixture of isopropanol and 12 M HCl at an annealing temperature of 450 °C. The Levich plot (i vs. ω1/2) and Koutecky‐Levich plot (1/i vs. 1/ω1/2) of amperometric data for the oxidation of DMSO at an Fe(III)‐doped RuO2‐film electrode configured as a rotated disk are consistent with an anodic response controlled by mass‐transport processes at low rotational velocities. Flow injection data demonstrate that Fe(III)‐doped RuO2‐film electrodes exhibit detection capability for methionine and cysteine in addition to DMSO. Detection limits for 100‐μL injections of the three compounds are ca. 3.2×10−4 mM, i.e., ca. 32 pmol.
On some nonself mappings
Authors: Ćirić LJ. B. , Ume J. S. , Khan M. S. , Pathak H. K. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractLet X be a Banach space, let K be a non–empty closed subset of X and let T : K → X be a non–self mapping. The main result of this paper is that if T satisfies the contractive–type condition (1.1) below and maps ∂K (∂K the boundary of K) into K then T has a unique fixed point in K.
A monotone iterative scheme for a nonlinear second order equation based on a generalized anti–maximum principle
Authors: Torres Pedro J. , Zhang Meirong 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this paper, a generalized anti–maximum principle for the second order differential operator with potentials is proved. As an application, we will give a monotone iterative scheme for periodic solutions of nonlinear second order equations. Such a scheme involves the Lp norms of the growth, 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞, while the usual one is just the case p = ∞.
The performance of research partnerships
Authors: Caloghirou Yannis , Hondroyiannis George , Vonortas Nicholas S. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis paper investigates partnership performance as perceived by individual partners. It taps into one of the most extensive sources of pertinent empirical information recently constructed in Europe. Partnership success is shown to depend significantly on the closeness of the cooperative research to the in‐house R&D effort of the firm, on the firm's effort to learn from the partnership and its partners, and on the absence of problems of knowledge appropriation between partners. Firms use partnerships as vehicles of risk and uncertainty reduction by collaborating with competitors as well as with suppliers and buyers (but not with universities and public research institutes) when the research is far apart from their in‐house R&D and when the expected outcome is not easily appropriable. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global existence for the Vlasov–Darwin system in ℝ3 for small initial data
Authors: Benachour Saïd , Filbet Francis , Laurençot Philippe , Sonnendrücker Eric 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWe prove the global existence of weak solutions to the Vlasov–Darwin system in R3 for small initial data. The Vlasov–Darwin system is an approximation of the Vlasov–Maxwell model which is valid when the characteristic speed of the particles is smaller than the light velocity, but not too small. In contrast to the Vlasov–Maxwell system, the total energy conservation does not provide an L2‐bound on the transverse part of the electric field. This difficulty may be overcome by exploiting the underlying elliptic structure of the Darwin equations under a smallness assumption on the initial data. We finally investigate the convergence of the Vlasov–Darwin system towards the Vlasov–Poisson system. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minimal regularity of the solutions of some transmission problems
Authors: Mercier D. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWe consider some transmission problems for the Laplace operator in two‐dimensional domains. Our goal is to give minimal regularity of the solutions, better than H1, with or without conditions on the (positive) material constants. Under a monotonicity or quasi‐monotonicity condition on the constants (or on the inverses according to the boundary conditions), we study the behaviour of the solution near vertex and near interior nodes and show in each case that the given regularity is sharp. Without condition we prove that the regularity near a corner is of the form H1+ρ, where ρ is a given bound depending on the material constants. Numerical examples are presented which confirm the sharpness of our lower bounds. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tracing migration events in man and cattle by stable strontium isotope analysis of appositionally grown mineralized tissue
Authors: Schweissing M. M. , Grupe G. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWhile geologically significant differences of strontium (Sr) isotopic ratios in dental enamel and compact bone from adult human skeletal finds will be basically indicative of an individual residence change between early childhood and adulthood, hardly any information will be available with regard to the approximate individual age at migration. Due to several problems still associated with microsampling techniques, bulk analyses of appositionally grown mineralized tissues were analysed for 87Sr/86Sr ratios in an attempt to mathematically define the ontogenetic stage at individual residence change in historical times. This pilot study presents the results obtained from serial analyses of whole enamel from human permanent dentitions from a Roman fortress site in Germany, and serial sampling of a horn core from a long‐horned ox from an early modern horn core site in Austria. In the first case, more detailed information was expected with regard to population admixture in the Roman provinces, while the horn core analysis was performed in an attempt to shed light on mode and velocity of long distance trade of domestic animals. A mathematical approximation served for the definition of the most likely individual age when Sr with a new isotopic composition first shows up in the course of tissue precipitation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Training general practitioners in the identification and management of adolescent depression within the consultation: a feasibility study
Authors: Gledhill Julia , Kramer Tami , Iliffe Steven , Garralda M Elena 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACTBackgroundDepressive disorders are common in adolescent general practice attenders.MethodAdolescent attenders were screened/interviewed for depressive disorders, general practitioners (GPs) completed a checklist indicating recognition of psychopathology prior to and following GP training in the identification/management of adolescent depression.ResultsOne hundred and thirty consecutive adolescent attenders were screened before and 184 after training. Ten GPs completed the training. Psychiatric interviews with 38 adolescents with high depressive scores prior to and 44 following training identified 10 (26%) and 21 (48%), respectively, as clinically depressed. Sensitivity of GP identification improved from 2/10 (20%) to 9/21 (43%) without loss of specificity; predictive validity from 2/6 (33%) to 9/12 (75%). Adolescents interviewed appreciated the intervention.ConclusionsTraining GPs is feasible and may improve recognition of adolescent depression.
Primary Mental Health Workers within Youth Offending Teams: a new service model
Authors: Callaghan Jane , Pace Francis , Young Bridget , Vostanis Panos 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACTPrimary Mental Health Workers (PMHWs) have been deployed to address the mental health needs of young offenders referred to Youth Offending Teams (YOTs) in two UK areas. The mental health characteristics of 60 young people consecutively referred to these PMHWs, the assessment outcome and interventions offered, are described. In addition to the anticipated concerns about oppositional/aggressive behaviour, young people were referred for a range of mental health problems. There were high levels of emotional problems, self‐harm, peer and family relationships difficulties, and school non‐attendance. PMHWs offered a range of direct interventions, as well as consultation to YOT staff. The service findings indicate the usefulness of such an inter‐agency model in strengthening the links between specialist CAMHS and YOTs, and providing an accessible, responsive and effective service to a needy group of young people.
Differences in psychosocial and behavioral profiles between heart failure patients admitted to cardiology and geriatric wards
Authors: De Geest Sabina , Scheurweghs Lieve , Reynders Isabelle , Pelemans Walter , Droogné Walter , Van Cleemput Johan , Leventhal Marcia , Vanhaecke Johan 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBackground:Heart failure represents a growing epidemic, primarily in the elderly. Development and implementation of management programs designed for use in daily clinical practice remains a major challenge.Aims:This study aimed at profiling a hospitalized heart failure population in view of medical, behavioral, educational, psychosocial and health resources utilization parameters stratified by admission to cardiology and geriatric wards.Methods and results:Using a descriptive comparative design, 109 European heart failure patients admitted to cardiology (42%) and geriatric wards (58%) were included. Significant differences (all P<0.0001) were identified between the two groups. Patients admitted to cardiology had a mean age of 68.5, 33% were women, and the mean ejection fraction was 38%. Patients admitted to geriatrics had a mean age of 85, 68% were women, and the mean ejection fraction was 56%. Sixty‐six percent were admitted for cardiac reasons. Medical, educational, behavioral, psychosocial and health resources utilization data were retrieved from medical files as well as by patient and family interviews. Results showed significant differences between groups. Patients admitted to geriatric wards received significantly less ACE inhibition and β‐blockers. Moreover, these patients were significantly less knowledgeable, showed poorer self‐management, poorer hearing, more cognitive impairment, a higher degree of depressive symptomatology, more problems with ADL and IADL, and used significantly more home health care services compared to patients admitted to cardiology wards.Conclusion:The characteristics of the heart failure population at large are quite different from those of populations included in large‐scale therapeutic trials. Findings from this study provide options for tailored management strategies for both profiled subgroups.
Presence of Replicating Virus in Recombinant Hepadnavirus Stocks Results from Recombination and Can Be Eliminated by the Use of a Packaging Cell Line
Authors: Klöcker Uta , Oberwinkler Heike , Kürschner Timo , Protzer Ulrike 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACT
Mutant hepatitis B viruses are useful tools to study the viral life cycle and viral pathogenesis. Furthermore, recombinant hepatitis B viruses are candidate vectors for liver-directed gene therapy. Because wild-type viruses present in recombinant or mutant virus stocks may falsify experimental results and are detrimental for a viral vector, we investigated whether and to what extent wild-type virus is present in recombinant virus stocks and where it originates from. We took advantage of the duck model of hepatitis B virus infection which allows very sensitive detection of replication-competent viruses by infection of primary duck hepatocytes or of ducklings in vivo. Recombinant hepatitis B virus stocks contained significant amounts of wild-type viruses, which were most probably generated by homologous recombination between plasmids containing homologous viral sequences. In addition, replication-competent viral genomes were reconstituted from plasmids which contained replication-deficient but redundant viral sequences. Using a stable cell line for packaging of deficient viral genomes, no wild-type virus was detected, neither by infection of primary hepatocytes nor in vivo.
Jak1 deficiency leads to enhanced Abelson-induced B-cell tumor formation
Authors: Sexl Veronika , Kovacic Boris , Piekorz Roland , Moriggl Richard , Stoiber Dagmar , Hoffmeyer Angelika , Liebminger Rita , Kudlacek Oliver , Weisz Eva , Rothammer Kristen , Ihle James N. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe Janus kinase Jak1 has been implicated in tumor formation by the Abelson oncogene. In this study we show that loss of Jak1 does not affect in vitro transformation by v-abl as defined by the ability to induce cytokine-independent B-cell colony formation or establishment of B-cell lines. However, Jak1-deficient, v-abl–transformed cell lines were more tumorgenic than wild-type cells when transplanted subcutaneously into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice or injected intravenously into nude mice. Jak1 deficiency was associated with a loss in the ability of interferon-γ (IFN-γ)to induce growth arrest and/or apoptosis of v-abl–transformed pre-B cells or tumor growth in SCID mice. Moreover, IFN-γ mRNA could be detected in growing tumors, and tumor cells explanted from SCID mice had lost the ability to respond to IFN-γ in 9 of 20 cases, whereas the response to interferon-α (IFN-α) remained intact. Importantly, a similar increase in tumorgenicity was observed when IFN-γ–deficient cells were injected into SCID mice, identifying the tumor cell itself as the main source of IFN-γ. These findings demonstrate that Jak1, rather than promoting tumorgenesis as previously proposed, is critical in mediating an intrinsic IFN-γ–dependent tumor surveillance.
Oxidized phospholipids in oxidized low-density lipoprotein down-regulate thrombomodulin transcription in vascular endothelial cells through a decrease in the binding of RARβ-RXRα heterodimers and Sp1 and Sp3 to their binding sequences in the TM promoter
Authors: Ishii Hidemi , Tezuka Tsuyoshi , Ishikawa Hiroyuki , Takada Kimihiko , Oida Koji , Horie Shuichi 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe present work investigated the mechanism for down-regulation of thrombomodulin (TM), an anticoagulant glycoprotein, on cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to lipid extracts from oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). HUVECs exposed to phospholipid extracts, but not to free cholesterol, triglyceride, or cholesterol ester, isolated from ox-LDL reduced TM mRNA levels to nearly the same extent as native ox-LDL. Oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ox-PAPC), but not native PAPC or a reduced form of ox-PAPC, markedly decreased TM mRNA levels. The apparent half-life (t 1/2 = 2.7 hours) of TM mRNA in control cells was not significantly different from that in cells exposed to ox-LDL or ox-PAPC. TM mRNA levels were regulated by transcriptional activation via a retinoid receptor β (RARβ). The binding activities of nuclear proteins from HUVECs treated with ox-LDL or ox-PAPC to the DR4 or stimulatory protein 1 (Sp1) sequence in the TM promoter were significantly reduced with decreased expression of RARβ, retinoid X receptor α (RXRα), Sp1, and Sp3 in the nuclei. The promoter activity in HUVECs transfected with a reporter plasmid expressing the TM promoter with targeted deletions in the DR4 and Sp1 binding elements was decreased to about 20% of that with the wild-type construct. Treatment of the cells with ox-PAPC had no additional effect on the promoter activity. These results suggest that oxidized phospholipids in ox-LDL inhibit transcription of the TM gene in HUVECs by inhibiting the binding of RARβ-RXRα heterodimer and Sp, including Sp1 and Sp3, to the DR4 element and Sp1 binding element, respectively, in the TM promoter with reduced expression of RARβ, RXRα, and Sp1 and Sp3 in the nuclei.
Synthesis and analysis of aminochromes by HPLC‐photodiode array. Adrenochrome evaluation in rat blood
Authors: Remião Fernando , Milhazes Nuno , Borges Fernanda , Carvalho Félix , Bastos Maria L. , Lemos‐Amado Francisco , Domingues Pedro , Ferrer‐Correia A. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe catecholamine oxidation process induces cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Catecholamines can oxidize to aminochromes through autoxidation or by enzymatic or non‐enzymatic catalysis. Although some toxic effects seem to be related to the formation of aminochromes there is still scarce information concerning the identification and evaluation of these compounds in in vivo models. In this study five catecholamines were oxidized to their respective aminochromes: adrenaline/adrenochrome; noradrenaline/noradrenochrome; dopa/dopachrome; dopamine/dopaminochrome; and isoproterenol/isoprenochrome. The evaluation of the catecholamines oxidation profile was performed by HPLC with photodiode array detection and using either enzymatic (tyrosinase) or non‐enzymatic [Ag2O, CuSO4, NaIO4 and K3Fe(CN)6] catalytic systems. The NaIO4 was found to be the most efficient oxidant of catecholamines. An isocratic reverse‐phase HPLC method was developed to analyse each pair of catecholamine–aminochrome. The analytical system was then applied to the detection of adrenochrome in rat blood at 490 nm. Thus, adrenochrome was administered i.p. to rats and its concentration in whole blood was monitored after 5, 15 and 25 min. Blood treatment for adrenochrome evaluation consists of an acidification for protein precipitation followed by a rapid neutralization. The results showed a rapid decrease of adrenochrome concentration in blood after its administration. The adrenochrome present in blood was characterized by UV and tandem mass spectrometry. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Nonlinear Optical Absorption of Novel Porphyrin–Osmium‐Cluster Complexes
Authors: Yang Guo Ying , Ang Siau Gek , Chng Leng Leng , Lee Yiew Wang , Lau Ernest Wei‐Pin , Lai Kin Seng , Ang How Ghee 
Published: February 2003

AbstractReaction of azido(tetra‐p‐tolylporphyrinato)indium(III) [TTPInN3] and [Os3(μ‐H)2(CO)10] in toluene at 80 °C overnight gave two major products, complexes 1 and 2. Complex 1 had an axial bridge of “NH”, while 2 had an axial bridge of “N” between the porphyrin and osmium cluster moieties. Complex 1 could be converted to 2 when refluxed in toluene. These two novel porphyrin–osmium clusters are the first axially linked porphyrin–metal cluster complexes. UV/Vis spectroscopy revealed the significant ground state electronic perturbation in the capped complex 2, demonstrating that the remarkable electronic interaction of the moieties within the molecule was achieved by this special structural arrangement. In addition, the electrochemistry of 1 and 2 were investigated and their oxidation current voltage curves are similar to those of indium(III)–porphyrins with a metal–metal σ bond such as [TPPInRe(CO)5] (TPP=tetraphenylporphyrin). The two new molecules also exhibit large nonlinear optical absorption at 532 nm with a ns pulse laser and are potential optical limiting materials for sensor protection in the visible region.
Wasser als Lösungsmittel: Koordinationskatalyse
Authors: Fuhrmann Hans , Dwars Torsten , Oehme Günther 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWasser galt bisher als bevorzugtes Lösungsmittel in anorganisch‐analytischen Reaktionen und in der Biokatalyse. Mit der Entwicklung der homogenen Koordinationskatalyse und deren Übertragung in Multiphasensysteme wurde Wasser als polare Phase interessant. Voraussetzung war die Synthese wasserlöslicher, katalytisch wirksamer Komplexe, die durch einfache Abtrennung der wässrigen Phase in den Prozess zurückgeführt werden können. Für eine Reihe organischer Synthesen wurden in Wasser Vorteile bezüglich Aktivität und Selektivität beobachtet. Außerdem bietet Wasser besondere Möglichkeiten im supramolekularen Bereich, und es ist als Medium für trägerfixierte Katalysatoren geeignet. Wasser im superkritischen Zustand zeigt ein völlig neuartiges Verhalten als Lösungsmittel und als Reaktionspartner. Ein Vorteil des Wassers für die industrielle Nutzung liegt in der leichten Zugänglichkeit und der Umweltverträglichkeit.
Der natürliche Chlor‐Zyklus zwischen Boden und Atmosphäre
Authors: Jaenicke Lothar 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWir kennen die Kreisläufe von Kohlenstoff, Stickstoff und auch Schwefel in der Natur, durch die gebundene Elemente wieder zu neuer Nutzung zurückgeführt werden. Ihr Prinzip ist, Unlösliches zu lösen, Unflüchtiges zu verflüchtigen, zu zerlegen und durch Oxidation oder Reduktion in geo‐ oder biochemischen Prozessen umzuwandeln, so dass es über die Biosphäre wieder verfügbar wird:
Neuartige Metaboliten aus dem Schönfuß‐Röhrling und verwandten Bitterpilzen
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: February 2003

AbstractUnter den Röhrenpilzen heben sich einige Arten der Gattung Boletus durch ihren bitteren Geschmack hervor. Allein schon ein Gallenröhrling, Tylopilus felleus, macht eine Pilzmahlzeit ungenießbar.
Cover Picture: A Microscopic, Continous, Optical Monitor for Interstitial Electrolytes and Glucose (ChemPhysChem 2/2003)
Authors: Tohda Koji , Gratzl Miklós 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe cover picture shows one possible path of evolution of glucose sensing from a potentiometric glucose electrode through an analogous optical detector to a microscopic in vivo glucose monitor. An optical multisensing bar (called the “sliver sensor”) is being developed in Prof. Miklos Gratzl's laboratory at Case Western Reserve University, to support NASA's Space program. The tiny sliver contains color‐changing compartments that respond to pH, K+, and glucose levels in the interstitial fluid under the skin surface. The sliver, once inserted into the skin parallel to the surface, will be interrogated by a watchlike device placed on top of the skin. Reference compartments (only one being shown on the cover) will be used to subtract color changes due to skin absorption and scattering, so that the real color of the actual sensing pads can be reconstructed. The approach is an example of very simple telemetry across the skin. Since no wires or optical fibers cross the skin, no risk of track infection exists.