bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of intramammary treatment in unbred and primigravid dairy heifers
Authors: Trinidad P. , Nickerson S. C. , Alley T. K. , Adkinson R. W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A total of 73 breeding-age and primigravid Jersey heifers in 4 herds was randomly allotted to treatment and control groups according to expected calving date. Thirty-five heifers were injected intramammarily with a nonlactating cow product containing penicillin/streptomycin. Thirty-eight heifers served as untreated controls. Of the 35 treated heifers, 34 (97.1%) were infected at time of treatment. In the untreated control group, all 38 heifers (100%) were infected at treatment time. At parturition, prevalence of intramammary infection in treated heifers decreased to 40%, whereas in the control group, prevalence remained about the same (97.4% of heifers). Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in treated heifers was reduced from 17.1% to 2.9% after treatment. In the control group, prevalence of S aureus mastitis decreased from 26.3% to l5.8%. Heifers treated during the second trimester of pregnancy had the greatest reduction in prevalence of mastitis and in somatic cell count at parturition, compared with controls. Findings indicated that intramammary treatment during pregnancy in primigravid heifers was effective in reducing prevalence of mastitis and somatic cell counts at parturition.
Prekallikrein deficiency in a family of Belgian horses
Authors: Geor Raymond J. , Jackson Marion L. , Lewis Kim D. , Fretz Peter B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A 7-year-old Belgian stallion hemorrhaged excessively after castration; the hemostatic mechanism was investigated. The horse had normal one-stage prothrombin time and markedly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aptt). Results of intrinsic coagulation factor assays were all normal with the exception of prekallikrein activity, which was markedly reduced (< 1% activity; value for control population, 63 to 150%). Two of this horse's full siblings, a brother and sister, had markedly prolonged aptt and low prekallikrein values (2.5% and < 1%, respectively). The addition of plasma from a normal equine plasma pool corrected the prolonged aptt in the 3 Belgian siblings with low prekallikrein activity. Prekallikrein activity in 10 other closely related Belgian horses ranged between 12.5 and 64% (mean, 29.3%), compared with 63 to 150% (mean, 91%) in 10 mixed-breed horses. In the 3 Belgian siblings with low prekallikrein activity, the aptt approached normal after prolonged incubation (15 minutes) with the contact activator and in response to addition of an ellagic acid activator. The 3 Belgian siblings with low prekallikrein activity may be homozygous for prekallikrein deficiency, whereas the other close relatives may be heterozygous for the genetic defect.
Serosurvey of horses with evidence of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis
Authors: Rikihisa Yasuko , Reed Stephen M. , Sams Richard A. , Gordon John C. , Pretzman Charles I. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
In August 1986, an extensive serosurvey for prevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies against Ehrlichia risticii, the causative agent of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (eme), was performed at 2 Ohio racetracks, River Downs (rd) and Beulah Park (bp). Of 840 horses at rd and 574 at bp, 13 and 20%, respectively, were IgG antibody-positive (by indirect fluorescent antibody test results), with antibody titer ranging from 1:20 to 1:10,240. The titer observed at highest frequency at both racetracks was 1:80. A higher proportion of horses was ill at rd (operating during the summer months) than at bp (winter track). Of ill horses, 41% (24/58) at rd and 58% (11/19) at bp were seropositive. At rd, 70% (589/840) of all horses and 95% (102/107) of IgG seropositive horses had been stabled only at rd during the month prior to testing.
Analysis of these sera by use of an elisa to detect IgM antibody against E risticii antigen indicated that at rd, 42% (57/137) of the seropositive horses were IgM seropositive. At bp, 17% (20/120) of seropositive horses were IgM seropositive. The larger number of IgM seropositive horses at rd indicates that more horses were recently infected at rd than at bp (P = 0.0001). Therefore, at least half the seropositive horses at rd seemed to have acquired the infection at rd. These serosurvey data also indicate that at bp and rd, 78% (85/109) and 91% (111/122) of IgG seropositive horses, respectively, had subclinical infection. At ≤ 1:40 titer, there was no difference in seropositive rates between healthy and ill horses. However, the higher the titer, the greater the difference in seropositive rates between healthy and ill horses. Thus, the higher the titer, the more reliable the serodiagnosis of eme seems to be. In contrast, sera submitted from 285 horses in Ohio for serologic testing for E risticii had a higher (63%) positivity rate than sera from horses of the racetrack serosurvey. Of 120 horses with clinical signs compatible with eme, 69% were seropositive. Typical clinical signs of eme in seropositive horses were those of enteric disease (72%; 60/83), with laminitis being a secondary sign (12%; 10/83). Results indicate that seroprevalence is much greater than prevalence of clinical disease. Combination of IgG and IgM testing with horse movement history should help to identify the location of actual infection.
Antibody response of kittens after vaccination followed by exposure to feline leukemia virus-infected cats
Authors: Hawks Darren M. , Legendre Alfred M. , Rohrbach Barton W. , Sebring Randal , Chavez Lloyd , Chu Hsien-Jue , Acree William M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Protein (western) blot analysis and virus-neutralization assay were used to evaluate the antibody response of specific-pathogen-free kittens to FeLV vaccination and followed by natural exposure. Several kittens had barely detectable reactions to specific FeLV antigens prior to vaccination or exposure. Correlation was not found between protection against persistent viremia and antibody response after vaccination as measured by western blot analysis or virus neutralization assay. A statistically significant (P < 0.01) difference in the antibody response against p27 antigen after natural exposure to FeLV was observed between persistently viremic kittens and transiently viremic or aviremic kittens. Measurable (P < 0.05) virus neutralizing antibody titer after FeLV exposure was found only in a small number of kittens that were protected against persistent viremia. Lack of association between humoral response and vaccination-induced protection against persistent FeLV infection suggests an important role for cell-mediated immunity in such protection.
Profile of selected bacterial counts and Salmonella prevalence on raw poultry in a poultry slaughter establishment
Authors: James William O. , Williams W. Oliver , Prucha John C. , Johnston Ralph , Christensen Walter 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service determined populations of bacteria on poultry during processing at a slaughter plant in Puerto Rico in November and December 1987. The plant was selected because of its management's willingness to support important changes in equipment and processing procedures. The plant was representative of modern slaughter facilities. Eight-hundred samples were collected over 20 consecutive 8-hour days of operation from 5 sites in the processing plant. Results indicated that slaughter, dressing, and chilling practices significantly decreased the bacterial contamination on poultry carcasses, as determined by counts of aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia coli. Salmonella was not enumerated; rather, it was determined to be present or absent by culturing almost the entire rinse. The prevalence of Salmonella in the study decreased during evisceration, then increased during immersion chilling.
Use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of infection with pseudorabies virus on a herd basis
Authors: Duffy Sergio J. , Morrison Robert B. , Goyal Sagar M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The use of an elisa that can differentiate between swine infected with pseudorabies virus (prv) and swine vaccinated with a specific prv vaccine was evaluated on an individual and herd basis, and a system for interpreting elisa results on a herd basis was developed. In 17 herds, recently introduced replacement gilts, seronegative for prv, were vaccinated with a thymidine kinase- and glycoprotein X (gpX)-deleted vaccine. After vaccination, blood samples were collected from these gilts approximately every 1 to 2 months for up to 19 months. Serum samples were analyzed for antibodies to gpX antigen, using a commercially available elisa kit according to the manufacturer's protocol. Herd status was determined as positive, suspect, or negative, according to the serum sample:negative control (s:n) values of the samples collected from the herd. From the 17 herds, 130 evaluations were performed. On 49 (38%) of the 130 herd evaluations, 1 or more gilts had suspect test results. Additional testing was required in 19 (39%) of these 49 herd evaluations to determine the prv infection status of the herd. Status of herds having gilts with suspect results and no positive results was usually negative after retesting. Herds having gilts with positive results were unlikely to have negative status after retesting.
Evaluation of an allergy screening test for use in atopic dogs
Authors: Miller William H. , Scott Danny W. , Scarlett Janet M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
An in-office allergy screening kit was evaluated for its repeatability, sensitivity, and specificity in 21 atopic dogs. Results of this testing were compared with results of a full regionalized allergy test offered by the same manufacturer. Results of the screening kit were repeatable and had high specificity but poor sensitivity. The kit as presently marketed is of questionable value as a diagnostic aid for use in dogs with atopy.
Follow-up study of owner attitudes toward home care of paraplegic dogs
Authors: Bauer Michael , Glickman Nita , Glickman Larry , Toombs James , Golden Scott , Skowronek Cindy 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A questionnaire was mailed to 30 owners of paraplegic dogs who had been caring for their dogs at home for 3 to 72 months. It was designed to collect information on demographic variables, duration of ownership and paralysis, age of the pet, pet/owner relationship, owner expectations and perceptions of the pet's quality of life, problems the pet experienced, effect that maintaining a paralyzed pet had on the owners' quality of life, and whether use of a cart was beneficial.
Significant correlation was found between prior expectations that the pet would lead a high-quality life and perception that the pet, in fact, had a high quality of life during paralysis (r2 = 0.61, P = 0.01). Owners who had anticipated that extra work would be necessary to care for their paraplegic dog had a more positive attitude toward home care (r2 = 0.55, P = 0.03).
Overall, owners involved in the study were satisfied with all aspects of maintaining paraplegic dogs at home. Our findings support the feasibility of dedicated owners successfully maintaining small (average body weight, 9 kg) paraplegic dogs at home for extended periods.
Fistulous withers in horses: 24 cases (1984-1990)
Authors: Cohen Noah D. , Carter G. Kent , McMullan William C. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Between Jan 1, 1984 and Aug 1, 1990, 27 horses were admitted to the veterinary medical center for evaluation of fistulous withers. Nine (37.5%) of 24 horses tested for antibody to Brucella abortus were seropositive. Horses that tested seropositive were significantly (P = 0.046) more likely to have been pastured with cattle that were seropositive for B abortus, and were significantly (P = 0.010) more likely to have had radiographic evidence of vertebral osteomyelitis than were horses that tested seronegative. Five horses that were seropositive for B abortus were administered strain 19 brucella vaccine sc (n = 1) or iv (n = 4). The horse treated by sc injection of vaccine improved during hospitalization, but was lost to follow-up evaluation. Three (75%) of 4 horses treated by iv injection died, but 1 horse recovered within 4 weeks of treatment.
Use of etretinate for treatment of primary keratinization disorders (idiopathic seborrhea) in Cocker Spaniels, West Highland White Terriers, and Basset Hounds
Authors: Power Helen T. , Ihrke Peter J. , Stannard Anthony A. , Backus Kathleen Q. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
An open clinical trial was used to evaluate the synthetic retinoid, etretinate, for treatment of idiopathic seborrhea in Cocker Spaniels, West Highland White Terriers, and Basset Hounds. Clinical and histologic improvement was seen in the Cocker Spaniels. Etretinate had no beneficial effect on the skin disease of the West Highland White Terriers or the Basset Hounds. Etretinate treatment did not alter the type or degree of otitis externa. Clinical side effects were minimal. Relevant laboratory abnormalities were not detected.
Coccidioidomycosis in llamas in the United States: 19 cases (1981-1989)
Authors: Fowler Murray E. , Pappagianis Demosthenes , Ingram Irvin 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Coccidioidomycosis was diagnosed in 19 llamas (California, 9; Arizona, 10). All but 1 had a disseminated form, with pyogranulomas principally in the lungs, thoracic lymph nodes, liver, and kidneys. However, lesions were found in tissue specimens from most organ systems. Antemortem diagnosis was based on radiographic evaluation of the lungs, serologic testing, or presence of spherules of Coccidioides immitis in pyogranuloma aspirates, skin scrapings, or biopsy specimens.
Animals residing in endemic areas of southwestern United States are at risk, and llamas appear to be highly susceptible to developing disseminated forms of coccidioidomycosis.
Yohimbine/flumazenil antagonism of hemodynamic alterations induced by a combination of midazolam, xylazine, and butorphanol in dogs
Authors: Gross M. E. , Tranquilli W. J. , Thurmon J. C. , Benson G. J. , Olson W. A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Reversal of hemodynamic alterations induced by midazolam maleate (1.0 mg/kg of body weight), xylazine hydrochloride (0.44 mg/kg), and butorphanol tartrate (0.1 mg/kg) with yohimbine (0.1 mg/kg) and flumazenil (0.25 mg/kg) was evaluated in 5 dogs. The dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane for instrumentation. With return to consciousness, baseline values were recorded, and the midazolam/xylazine/butorphanol mixture with glycopyrrolate was administered IV. Hemodynamic data were recorded for 60 minutes, and then a reversal mixture of yohimbine and flumazenil was administered IV. All variables were measured 1 minute from beginning of the reversal injection. Mean arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and right ventricular stroke work index increased significantly (P < 0.05) above baseline at 60 minutes. Cardiac index and central venous pressure significantly decreased below baseline at 60 minutes. After reversal, mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure significantly decreased from baseline, whereas cardiac index, pulmonary arterial pressure, and right ventricular stroke work index increased significantly above baseline. Heart rate, cardiac index, and right ventricular stroke work index increased significantly above the 60-minute value after reversal. Mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance decreased significantly (P < 0.05) below the 60-minute value after reversal. The hemodynamic alterations accompanying midazolam/xylazine/butorphanol sedation-anesthesia may be rapidly reversed with a combination of yohimbine and flumazenil.
Impact of expenditures for veterinary services and medical supplies on dairy farm productivity and profitability
Authors: Miller G. Y. , McSweeny W. T. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
The value of the marginal product (vmp) for veterinary services and medical supplies (vetmed), and the profit maximizing level of vetmed were estimated for dairy producers. Data from the Pennsylvania Farmers Association-Dairy Farm Business Analysis system during the years of 1986 to 1990 were used to evaluate the functional relationship between production and expenditures for vetmed. Other input variables examined were man-year equivalents of labor, asset values, value of feed fed, and culling rate. Data were screened to reflect economically viable dairy farms in Pennsylvania, and 173 such farms participated for each of the 5 years analyzed. The vmp was estimated for 1990. Profit maximizing levels for vetmed were estimated for 1990 holding other input variables at their mean values.
Mean expenditures for vetmed were $2,606/farm, or $43/cow in 1990. The vmp for vetmed was estimated to be $3.22 or $4.98, depending on the method of calculation. In other words, the marginal dollar spent on vetmed generated $3.22 ($4.98) in additional revenue from milk production. The profit maximizing level of expenditures for vetmed was $138/cow, substantially more than the mean, indicating the potential for farms in this data set to improve profitability through additional expenditures on vetmed.
Congenital abnormalities in immature dogs from a pet store: 253 cases (1987-1988)
Authors: Ruble Randall P. , Hird David W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
In a pet store, 6- to 18-week-old dogs were examined for congenital abnormalities. Of those pups offered for sale over a 2-year period (1987 and 1988), 15% (253/1,679) had at least 1 congenital defect, and 1.5% (26/1,679) had multiple congenital abnormalities. Defects observed and their respective rates were patellar luxation, 7.2% (121/1,679); cardiac abnormalities characterized by murmurs, 0.7% (11/1,679); palpebral abnormalities, 3.0% (50/1,679); inguinal hernia, 1.3% (22/1,679); umbilical hernia, 0.6% (10/1,679); faciodental malformations, 1.3% (21/1,679); and cryptorchidism, 2.6% (44/1,679). Rates of congenital abnormalities in pups from this study were higher than published rates in adult dogs.
Within-herd and between-herd variation in diagnosis of clinical mastitis in cattle
Authors: Lam T. J. G. M. , Schukken Y. H. , Grommers F.J. , Smit J. A. H. , Brand A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
In a set of data on farmer-observed clinical mastitis in cattle, all milk samples were scored with regard to milk color and milk texture (presence of flakes and viscosity). During a 1-year period, 1,106 milk samples were collected from 125 farms with a bulk milk somatic cell count < 150,000 cells/ml. The overall variation, the between-herd variation, and the within-herd variation of the scores were evaluated and compared with each other.
Differences between farmers were found for the scores on the visual characteristics per sample. However, these differences were not related to the reported number of cases of clinical mastitis per year. It was concluded that the diagnostic capability of farmers whose herds had low somatic cell counts did not have a negative influence on the validity of farmer-observed clinical mastitis incidence. However, care should be taken in herds with a low frequency of cases.
Immunocytochemical and dye distribution studies of nerves potentially desensitized by injections into the distal interphalangeal joint or the navicular bursa of horses
Authors: Bowker Robert M. , Rockershouser Sara J. , Vex Kelly B. , Sonea Ioana M. , Caron John P. , Kotyk Rebecca 
Published: December 2023

Summary
To determine whether the distal interphalangeal (dip) joint directly or indirectly communicates with the navicular bursa (bursa podotrochlearis) and to identify sensory nerves in these synovial structures that might be desensitized by intra-articular injections of anesthetics, Evans blue dye in physiologic saline solution, Luxol fast blue dye with mepivicaine, or commercial latex was injected into the dip joint (5 ml) or the navicular bursa (3 ml) of 152 digits obtained from horses or ponies at necropsy. The digits were frozen, cut with a band saw, and examined for distribution of dye or latex.
Of 122 digits that had injections into the dip joint, 120 did not have evidence of a communication between the dip joint and either the navicular bursa or digital flexor tendon sheath. Of 16 digits that had injections into the navicular bursa, 14 did not have evidence of a direct communication with the dip joint.
Injection of dye into the dip joint resulted in diffusion of dye and staining of other structures, including the synovial linings of the collateral sesamoidean ligaments and of the distal sesamoidean impar ligament and the medullary cavity of the navicular bone. In addition, a blue tinge was observed in the navicular bursa after dye was injected into the dip joint, suggesting an indirect, and potentially functional, communication between the dip joint and the navicular bursa. Injection of dye into the navicular bursa resulted in staining only of the bursa's synovial lining.
Immunocytochemical analysis revealed nerves immunoreactive for the peptidergic neurotransmitters substance P, and calcitonin gene-related peptide located in structures that were stained after dye was injected into the dip joint. Our results suggest that sensory nerves innervating the synovial membranes along the dorsal aspect of the collateral sesamoidean ligaments, sensory nerves of the distal sesamoidean impar ligament, and sensory nerves that directly innervate parts of the navicular bone would, in all likelihood, be desensitized by injections of anesthetics into the dip joint. Therefore, the issue of a communication between the dip joint and the navicular bursa becomes less important during clinical evaluation of syndromes associated with pathologic changes in these 2 synovial cavities (eg, navicular syndrome).
Effect of oxytetracycline on metacarpophalangeal and distal interphalangeal joint angles in newborn foals
Authors: Madison John B. , Garber Jenifer L. , Rice Brett , Stumf Annette J. , Zimmer Allison E. , Ott Edgar A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Thirty-five newborn foals were assigned to 1 of 3 groups and treated with 0.9% NaCl solution (saline; group 1; n = 12), oxytetracycline (44 mg/kg of body weight; group 2; n = 12), or 2-pyrrolidone (oxytetracycline vehicle; group 3; n = 11) in saline solution during the first 36 hours after birth. Serum biochemical analyses were performed on samples obtained from group-1 and group-2 foals before treatment and 24 and 96 hours after treatment. Lateral to medial radiographic views of the forelimbs were obtained before treatment and 24 and 96 hours after treatment in all foals. Metacarpophalangeal and distal interphalangeal joint angles were measured from the radiographic images. Significant changes in blood chemistry values, other than those typically observed in newborn foals, were not detected. A significant decrease in mean metacarpophalangeal joint angle was observed in foals 24 hours after treatment with oxytetracycline, compared with that in foals of groups 1 and 3. The mean metacarpophalangeal joint angle returned to pretreatment values by 96 hours. Oxytetracycline appears to be an effective method for obtaining a short-term moderate decrease in metacarpophalangeal joint angle in newborn foals.