bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of cutaneous heat‐sensitive Ca2+‐permeable transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 channels alleviates UVB‐induced skin lesions in mice
Authors: Qu Yaxuan , Sun Xiaoying , Wei Ningning , Wang KeWei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUltraviolet B (UVB) radiation causes skin injury by trigging excessive calcium influx and signaling cascades in the skin keratinocytes. The heat‐sensitive Ca2+‐permeable transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) channels robustly expressed in the keratinocytes play an important role in skin barrier formation and wound healing. Here, we report that inhibition of cutaneous TRPV3 alleviates UVB radiation‐induced skin lesions. In mouse models of ear swelling and dorsal skin injury induced by a single exposure of weak UVB radiation, TRPV3 genes and proteins were upregulated in quantitative real‐time PCR and Western blot assays. In accompany with TRPV3 upregulations, the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were also increased. Knockout of the TRPV3 gene alleviates UVB‐induced ear swelling and dorsal skin inflammation. Furthermore, topical applications of two selective TRPV3 inhibitors, osthole and verbascoside, resulted in a dose‐dependent attenuation of skin inflammation and lesions. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the causative role of overactive TRPV3 channel function in the development of UVB‐induced skin injury. Therefore, topical inhibition of TRPV3 may hold potential therapy or prevention of UVB radiation‐induced skin injury.
Quantitative Impact of Coil Misalignment and Misplacement in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: Koehler Max , Kammer Thomas , Goetz Stefan M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionTargeting in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) involves the accurate placement and positioning of the stimulation coil on the head of a subject or patient. In clinical and research applications, this placement is even done manually and/or with fixed coil holders that do not compensate for motion and drift of the head. The placement involves six degrees of freedom (DOF; three position DOF: 1× contact and 2× head location; three rotational DOF: 2× alignment and 1× electric field direction/orientation), which challenge operators. This procedure is—even with an experienced user—prone to positioning errors, which can result in low treatment efficacy or high stimulation strength due to overestimating the resting motor threshold (RMT). Whereas the position and field orientation are at least widely appreciated, the coil–head alignment and its impact are often not even known. Errors involve constant errors, drift (both leading to bias and inter-individual variability), and particularly fluctuations (causing intra-individual variability).ObjectiveWe demonstrate the impact of positioning error on cortical field strength to get a better understanding of the importance of accurate positioning and compare as well as quantify the impact of position vs. alignment errors.MethodsWe simulated the impact in a realistic head anatomy to quantify various levels of position errors and misalignment, rolling-off the coil from the target.ResultsPosition and alignment errors shift the focus of the electric field and reduce the electric field in the actual target. A misalignment of 10° can exceed the loss of stimulation strength in the target associated with a shift of 10 mm, corresponding to threshold stimulation leading to no detectable electromyographic response anymore. Misalignment in the direction of the handle (pitch), with which many operators appear to struggle most, reduces the field in the actual target faster than left–right roll.ConclusionThis work highlights the importance of the coil–head alignment for intra- and interindividual variability.
Omics-assisted systematic exploration of the intricate regulatory network of guvermectin biosynthesis centered by the cluster-situated regulator GvmR inStreptomyces
Authors: Shi Haoran , Wang Jiabin , Li Shanshan , Liu Chongxi , Dong Zhuoxu , Wang Xiangjing , Zhang Yanyan , Xiang Wensheng 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTGuvermectin, produced byStreptomycesbacteria, is a purine nucleoside natural product recently registered as a new biopesticide to boost rice yield. Despite its importance, the regulatory network governing guvermectin biosynthesis remains largely unknown, severely impeding industrial-scale production and widespread application in rice production. Here, we investigated the diverse regulatory mechanisms employed by the cluster-situated regulatory gene,gvmR, in controlling guvermectin production from the perspective of widespread disturbance of gene expression at genome scale. GvmR activates the expression of guvermectin cluster by binding to thegvmR,gvmAandO1promoters. Additionally, GvmR binds to the promoter ofscnR1, a previously unidentified and highly conserved regulator inStreptomyces.scnR1overexpression significantly suppressed guvermectin production by regulating the guvermectin cluster through binding to the same promoters as GvmR. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that GvmR extensively influences the expression of numerous genes located outside the guvermectin cluster, including the precursor supply (purine biosynthesis) and energy synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation) pathway genes, as well as 252 transcriptional regulatory genes. By genetic screening from 48 of these 252 regulatory genes, we identified additional five highly conserved genes that impact guvermectin production, suggesting a functional interplay between GvmR and highly conserved regulators in coordinating guvermectin production. These findings enrich our knowledge of the regulatory network governing guvermectin biosynthesis and offer a broadly applicable approach for investigating the molecular regulation of natural product biosynthesis and their high-titer production.
A comprehensive characterization of blood group antigen variants in the Middle Eastern population genomes - Insights into genetic epidemiology
Authors: Rophina Mercy , Pandhare Kavita , Scaria Vinod 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Middle Eastern population is characterized by increased prevalence of various Mendelian disorders owing to increased rates of consanguinity. Especially in disease conditions which require chronic transfusion support, it becomes important to know the blood group characteristics of potential donors to increase the likelihood of transfusion success. As there prevails a gap in knowledge about the population specific overall blood antigen profiles, this study seeks to utilize next generation sequencing datasets to unravel the comprehensive landscape of clinically significant minor blood group alleles in the middle eastern population.MethodsThis study utilizes the genetic variation data from a range of public datasets including the Greater Middle East Variome, the Qatar genome and exomes and the Iranome datasets to estimate the genotypic and phenotypic frequencies of blood group alleles in the Middle Easterners. The estimated frequencies were duly compared with major global populations to identify significant similarities or differences if any.ResultsA total of 77 unique ISBT approved blood group alleles were found commonly in all datasets. 8 variants (rs8176058, rs1058396, rs565898944, rs28362692, rs2071699, rs34783571, rs60322991 and rs57467915) belonging to KELL, KIDD, COLTON, H, JUNIOR and LANGEREIS blood groups were found clinically significant with previously reported evidence on transfusion complications. 730 variants were found to span exonic or splicing regions out of which 70 were predicted to be potentially deleterious by at least four computational tools.ConclusionsThis study serves first of its kind to extensively characterize the known and novel blood alleles in the Middle Easterners. A comprehensive user-friendly online resource namedalnasab -Alleles and antigens in Arab and Persian populations associated with blood groupswas also developed as a dependable reference for future transfusion research. The resource is accessible athttps://clingen.igib.res.in/alnasab/Key pointsLarge scale Middle Eastern population sequencing datasets includingThe Greater Middle Eastern Variome, Genomes and exomes from Qatar and the Iranomedatasets were used in the study.A total of2828exomes and88genomes were analyzed accounting for a total of18717unique human blood group related variants.2443exonic variants were extracted which systematically included1505non-synonymous variants,766synonymous variants,50stopgain variants and3stop loss variants.Blood group associated variants identified in the study are provided as a comprehensive online repository -alnasab,Alleles and antigens in Arab and Persian populations associated with blood groups.The resource is accessible athttps://clingen.igib.res.in/alnasab/Visual abstract
Two-dose “extended priming” immunization amplifies humoral immune responses by synchronizing vaccine delivery with the germinal center response
Authors: Bhagchandani Sachin H. , Yang Leerang , Maiorino Laura , Ben-Akiva Elana , Rodrigues Kristen A. , Romanov Anna , Suh Heikyung , Aung Aereas , Wu Shengwei , Wadhera Anika , Chakraborty Arup K. , Irvine Darrell J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract“Extended priming” immunization regimens that prolong exposure of the immune system to vaccines during the primary immune response have shown promise in enhancing humoral immune responses to a variety of subunit vaccines in preclinical models. We previously showed that escalating-dosing immunization (EDI), where a vaccine is dosed every other day in an increasing pattern over 2 weeks dramatically amplifies humoral immune responses. But such a dosing regimen is impractical for prophylactic vaccines. We hypothesized that simpler dosing regimens might replicate key elements of the immune response triggered by EDI. Here we explored “reduced ED” immunization regimens, assessing the impact of varying the number of injections, dose levels, and dosing intervals during EDI. Using a stabilized HIV Env trimer as a model antigen combined with a potent saponin adjuvant, we found that a two-shot extended-prime regimen consisting of immunization with 20% of a given vaccine dose followed by a second shot with the remaining 80% of the dose 7 days later resulted in increased total GC B cells, 5-10-fold increased frequencies of antigen-specific GC B cells, and 10-fold increases in serum antibody titers compared to single bolus immunization. Computational modeling of the GC response suggested that this enhanced response is mediated by antigen delivered in the second dose being captured more efficiently as immune complexes in follicles, predictions we verified experimentally. Our computational and experimental results also highlight how properly designed reduced ED protocols enhance activation and antigen loading of dendritic cells and activation of T helper cells to amplify humoral responses. These results suggest that a two-shot priming approach can be used to substantially enhance responses to subunit vaccines.
TR(acking) individuals down: exploring the effect of temporal resolution in resting-state functional MRI fingerprinting
Authors: Cassone Barbara , Saviola Francesca , Tambalo Stefano , Amico Enrico , Sarubbo Silvio , Van De Ville Dimitri , Jovicich Jorge 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFunctional brain fingerprinting has emerged as an influential tool to quantify reliability in neuroimaging studies and to identify cognitive biomarkers in both healthy and clinical populations. Recent studies have revealed that brain fingerprints reside in the timescale-specific functional connectivity of particular brain regions. However, the impact of the acquisition’s temporal resolution on fingerprinting remains unclear. In this study, we examine for the first time the reliability of functional fingerprinting derived from resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) with different whole-brain temporal resolutions (TR = 0.5, 0.7, 1, 2, and 3 s) in a cohort of 20 healthy volunteers. Our findings indicate that subject identifiability within a fixed TR is successful across different temporal resolutions, with the highest identifiability observed at TR 0.5 and 3 s. We discuss this observation in terms of protocol-specific effects of physiological noise aliasing. We further show that, irrespective of TR, associative brain areas make substantial contributions to subject identifiability, whereas sensory-motor regions become influential only when integrating data from different TRs. We conclude that functional connectivity fingerprinting derived from rs-fMRI holds significant potential for multicentric studies also employing protocols with different temporal resolutions. However, it remains crucial to consider fMRI signal’s sampling rate differences in subject identifiability between data samples, in order to improve reliability and generalizability of both whole-brain and specific functional networks’ results. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the practical application of functional connectivity fingerprinting, and its implications for future neuroimaging research.
Certain spatial prediction decreases the rhythm of attentional sampling
Authors: Huang Yih-Ning , Liang Wei-Kuang , Juan Chi-Hung 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent studies demonstrate that behavioral performance during visual spatial attention fluctuates at theta (4-8 Hz) and alpha (8-16 Hz) frequencies, linked to phase amplitude coupling (PAC) of neural oscillations within the visual and attentional system. Moreover, previous research suggests that attentional sampling rhythms are task-dependent, evidenced by varying behavioral performance at different frequencies. To investigate the role of prior spatial prediction, we employed an adaptive discrimination task with variable cue-target onset asynchronies ranging from 300 ms to 1300 ms in steps of 20 ms, while manipulating spatial prediction via cue validity (100% & 50%), with concurrent Electroencephalography (EEG) recording. We applied adaptive data analytical methods, namely Holo-Hilbert Spectral Analysis (HHSA) and Holo-Hilbert Cross-frequency Phase Clustering (HHCFPC). Our findings indicate that response precision for near-threshold Landolt rings fluctuates at the theta- band (4 Hz) under certain predictions and at alpha & beta bands (15 & 19 Hz) with uncertain predictions. Furthermore, spatial prediction strengthens theta-alpha modulations at parietal- occipital areas, frontal theta phase and parietal-occipital alpha amplitude coupling, and within frontal theta phase/ alpha amplitude coupling. Notably, during the pre-target period, beta- modulated gamma oscillations in parietal-occipital areas predict response precision in spatially uncertain conditions, while frontal theta phase and parietal-occipital alpha amplitude coupling predict response precision in spatially certain conditions. In conclusion, our study not only strengthens the notion that the speed of periodic sampling in perception depends on the task at hand but also highlights the critical role of spatial prediction in attentional sampling rhythms.Significance StatementThis study investigates the temporal dynamics of sustained spatial attention under varying certainty levels, employing behavioral and electrophysiological measures in an adaptive discrimination task. Unveiling the rhythmic nature of sustained attention, our findings showcase substantial effects of spatial certainty on attentional rhythms, witnessing an increased certainty that shifts these rhythms from beta to theta frequencies. Neural oscillations offer insights into the underlying mechanisms, revealing theta-alpha coupling and beta-gamma coupling within the visual system and frontal-parietal network. Significantly, our results challenge conventional notions of attentional rhythms, emphasizing the dynamic complexity of these processes. In a broader context, our study contributes to bridging the gap between task demands and periodic sampling rhythms, offering novel insights into attention allocation during complex tasks.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Extends to Peripheral Nerves
Authors: Ligocki Alexander P. , Vinson Augustine V. , Yachnis Anthony T. , Dunn William A. , Smith Douglas E. , Scott Elizabeth A. , Alvarez-Castanon Jimena V. , Montalvo Daniel E. Baez , Frisone Olivia G. , Brown Gary A.J. , Pessa Joel E. , Scott Edward W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an aqueous solution responsible for nutrient delivery and waste removal for the central nervous system (CNS). The three-layer meningeal coverings of the CNS support CSF flow. Peripheral nerves have an analogous three-layer covering consisting of the epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium. Peripheral axons, located in the inner endoneurium, are bathed in “endoneurial fluid” similar to CSF but of undefined origin. CSF flow in the peripheral nervous system has not been demonstrated. Here we show CSF flow extends beyond the CNS to peripheral nerves in a contiguous flowing system. Utilizing gold nanoparticles, we identified that CSF is continuous with the endoneurial fluid and reveal the endoneurial space as the likely site of CSF flow in the periphery. Nanogold distribution along entire peripheral nerves and within their axoplasm suggests CSF plays a role in nutrient delivery and waste clearance, fundamental aspects of peripheral nerve health and disease.One Sentence SummaryCerebrospinal fluid unites the nervous system by extending beyond the central nervous system into peripheral nerves.
Pose optimization for mobile manipulator grasping based on hybrid manipulability
Authors: Xie Yangmin , Liu Jiajia , Yang Yusheng 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
Proper platform pose is important for the mobile manipulator to accomplish dexterous manipulation tasks efficiently and safely, and the evaluation criterion to qualify manipulation performance is critical to support the pose decision process. This paper aims to present a comprehensive index to evaluate the manipulator’s operation performance from various aspects.

Design/methodology/approach
In this research, a criterion called hybrid manipulability (HM) is proposed to assess the performance of the manipulator’s operation, considering crucial factors such as joint limits, obstacle avoidance and stability. The determination of the optimal platform pose is achieved by selecting the pose that maximizes the HM within the feasible inverse reachability map associated with the target object.

Findings
A self-built mobile manipulator is adopted as the experimental platform, and the feasibility of the proposed method is experimentally verified in the context of object-grasping tasks both in simulation and practice.

Originality/value
The proposed HM extends upon the conventional notion of manipulability by incorporating additional factors, including the manipulator’s joint limits, the obstacle avoidance situation during the operation and the manipulation stability when grasping the target object. The manipulator can achieve enhanced stability during grasping when positioned in the pose determined by the HM.
Two‐dimensional anisotropic acoustic wave modelling using the support operator method
Authors: Chauhan Iktesh , Swaminadhan Sujith , Dehiya Rahul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe developed an algorithm to simulate two‐dimensional frequency domain acoustic‐wave response in a transversely isotropic medium with a tilted symmetry axis. The algorithm employs a support operator finite‐difference method for modelling. This method constructs a nine‐point stencil finite‐difference scheme for second‐order elliptic equations for generalized anisotropic physical properties. The medium's properties are described as P‐wave velocity on the symmetric axis, density, Thomsen's anisotropic parameters (epsilon and delta) and the tilt angle. The benchmarking analysis of the modelled amplitude is illustrated using an isotropic whole‐space model. Several synthetic experiments are conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the scheme for anisotropic models. The results suggest that the developed algorithm simulates the P‐wave solution and the fictitious S‐wave mode as reported in the literature. Simulation for a heterogeneous model with a spatially varying tilt angle of the medium symmetry axis is performed to ascertain the algorithm's robustness. The outcomes of the numerical experiments demonstrate that the developed algorithm can accurately simulate the frequency domain response of acoustic waves in the tilted anisotropic media.
Staying Power: The Resilience of the Scottish Independence Movement
Authors: Riddoch Lesley 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article challenges the narrative that the SNP was mortally wounded by its ‘seismic’ by‐election defeat in Rutherglen and that the victor—Scottish Labour—will inevitably recapture its lost status as Scotland's largest political party in the next general election. There is no question the Rutherglen result was a shock—the first ever by‐election loss for the SNP in the wake of Nicola Sturgeon's surprise resignation, a fractious leadership contest to select her successor, the weariness and policy failures that beset any ruling party after sixteen years in government and the 2022 Supreme Court ruling that effectively banned the Scottish Parliament from holding a lawful referendum. But just as the SNP's earlier invincibility was exaggerated, so too are predictions of its imminent demise. Much depends on whether the party can devise an independence strategy that generates enough belief and excitement to motivate Yes voters, who still constitute roughly half the electorate and two‐thirds of Scots aged 30 and under.
The Ancient Greek Datives in ‐essi: Contact or Independent Innovations?1
Authors: Capano Marta , Bianconi Michele 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Ancient Greek datives in ‐essi have posed a longstanding challenge in Greek linguistics, with their traditional categorisation as ‘Aeolic’ but their widespread presence across Aeolic and non‐Aeolic regions. This article investigates the origin and diffusion of this trait, examining both the early Greek evidence (in particular the Lesbian poets, Homer, and Mycenaean Greek) and that from specific areas, namely Sicily and Pamphylia, which are often overlooked despite their history of language contact. We argue that it is not necessary to have a single explanation for the origin and spread of ‐essi and that independent innovations in Greek dialects better account for the material. Despite the lack of a unitary account, we suggest that something comparable to the concept of ‘drift’ could underlie such a development. By analysing the epigraphic evidence from Sicily and Pamphylia, we conclude that the presence of ‐essi cannot be solely attributed to contact in all the areas in which it is attested. This perspective challenges the notion of ‐essi as a strong dialectal isogloss useful for diachronic dialectal taxonomy. More generally, this case study confirms the importance of considering diachronic typology and language contact to gain a more comprehensive understanding of language change.