bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation of commercially available urinary acidification diets in the management of idiopathic cystitis in cats
Authors: Markwell Peter J. , Buffington C. A. Tony , Chew Dennis J. , Kendall Michael S. , Harte John G. , DiBartola Stephen P. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To compare recurrence of signs of lower urinary tract disease (LUTD) in cats with idiopathic cystitis that were fed the dry or canned formulation of a commercial diet designed to result in production of an acidic urine.

Design
Prospective trial.

Animals
54 client-owned cats with idiopathic cystitis that was diagnosed on the basis of a history of abnormal micturition, abnormal results on urinalysis, radiography, or cystoscopy, and lack of an alternative diagnosis.

Procedure
Cats were assigned to be fed the canned or dry formulation of the diet. Reevaluations conducted at 2 and 16 weeks, and at 6 and 12 months included a physical examination, CBC and serum biochemical analysis (except week 2), blood gas analysis, and urinalysis. Regular telephone contacts were also made. The study was discontinued after 12 months or if signs of LUTD recurred.

Results
Signs of LUTD did not recur in 16 of 18 cats fed the canned diet, and 17 of 28 cats fed the dry diet (χ2, P < 0.05). Seven cats were reevaluated at recurrence. Owners of remaining cats in which signs of LUTD recurred declined to have their pets reexamined. A different problem (bacterial urinary tract infection) was identified in only 1 cat on reevaluation. Eight cats were lost to follow-up evaluation.

Clinical Implications
Feeding this commercial canned urinary acidifying diet may reduce the proportion of cats with idiopathic cystitis that will have recurrence of signs of LUTD within a 12-month period. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:361–365)
Fractures of the rostral portion of the mandible and maxilla in horses: 89 cases (1979-1997)
Authors: Henninger Rick W. , Beard Warren L. , Schneider Robert K. , Bramlage Lawrence R. , Burkhardt Heather A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To compare fracture locations, repair methods, complications, and outcomes of horses with fractures of the rostral portions of the mandible and maxilla.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
89 horses with fractures of the rostral portions of the mandible and maxilla.

Procedure
Medical records and radiographs were reviewed. Fractures were categorized by fracture location and stability. Postoperative complications and long-term outcome were determined by clinical examination and telephone interviews with horse owners.

Results
4 fracture types were recognized. Fractures involving just the alveolar plate (33%) and those involving the alveolar plate and the body of the bone (32%) were most common and were often repaired by interdental wiring. Unilateral fractures of the mandible (11 %) were managed without surgery if stable. Unstable fractures were repaired with wires, a U-shaped bar (U-bar), or a bone plate. Bilateral fractures (24%) were often repaired with orthopedic wires in foals or with a U-bar, acrylic splint, wires, or bone plate in adult horses. In 2 horses, bilateral fractures were managed conservatively. Short-term complications developed in 24 of 89 (27%) horses. Soft tissue infections and wire loosening or failure were the most common short-term and long-term complications. Wire replacement was not required in any horses after release from hospital. Persistent draining tracts were most often associated with bone sequestration. Long-term functional and cosmetic outcomes were favorable for all fracture types and repair methods.

Clinical Implications
Although complications in horses with fractures of the mandible and maxilla are common, long-term prognoses for functional and cosmetic outcome are favorable. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:1648-1652)
Efficacy of a commercial vaccine for preventing disease caused by influenza virus infection in horses
Authors: Morley Paul S. , Townsend Hugh G. G. , Bogdan Jaret R. , Haines Deborah M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate efficacy of a commercial vaccine for prevention of infectious upper respiratory tract disease (IURD) caused by equine influenza virus.

Design
Double-masked, randomized, controlled field trial.

Animals
462 horses stabled at a Thoroughbred racetrack.

Procedure
Vaccine or saline solution placebo was administered 4 times in the population at 6-week intervals. The vaccine contained 3 strains of inactivated influenza virus, and inactivated equine herpesvirus type 4. Horses received 1 or 2 doses of vaccine or placebo prior to onset of a natural influenza epidemic, and were examined 5 d/wk to identify and monitor horses with IURD. Serum antibody concentrations were determined, and virus isolation was performed.

Results
Vaccination of horses prior to the influenza epidemic did not result in significant decrease in risk of developing respiratory tract disease. Severity of clinical disease was not different between affected vaccinated horses with IURD and controls with IURD, but median duration of clinical disease was 3 days shorter in vaccinated horses. Serum concentrations of antibodies to H3N8 influenza viruses were lower prior to initial vaccination in horses that were sick during the epidemic, and did not increase in these horses in response to vaccination. On arrival at the racetrack, young horses had lower antibody concentrations than older horses, and did not respond to vaccination as well.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Vaccination was of questionable benefit. A greater degree of protection must be obtained for influenza vaccines to be effective in protecting horses from IURD. Objective field evaluations of commercial vaccines are needed to adequately document their efficacy. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:61-66)
Comparison of autogenous cancellous bone grafts obtained from the sternum and proximal portion of the tibia of llamas
Authors: Kaneps Andris J. , Huber Michael J. , Snyder Stanley P. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To describe the anatomy of the sternum in llamas, define the surgical approach to the sternum for collection of cancellous bone graft tissue, and compare the histologic appearance of graft tissue obtained from the sternum with that obtained from the proximal portion of the tibia.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
12 llamas, 3 to 19 years old, that had been submitted for necropsy.

Procedure
Radiographs were taken of the sternum and left tibia of the llamas. Measurements of the sternum were determined from the radiographs and adjusted for magnification. Sternebrae volumes were estimated from these measurements. Anatomic dissections to the center of the fourth sternebra and the proximal portion of the tibia were made, and a surgical approach to the sternum was developed. Cancellous graft tissue was obtained from each site and submitted for histologic evaluation.

Results
Sternebrae 3, 4, and 5 were significantly larger in volume than the other sternebrae. The ventral aspect of the fourth sternebra was readily accessed for removal of graft tissue by making a 6-cm-long ventral midline incision centered 17 cm craniad to the xiphoid. Mean soft tissue thickness overlying the ventral aspect of the fourth sternebra was 3.1 cm. More tissue was obtained from the sternal (mean, 9.11 g) than from the tibial (mean, 5.16 g) sites. Sternal graft tissue consisted of trabecular bone spicules with predominantly hematopoietic marrow, whereas tibial tissue consisted of trabecular bone spicules with only fatty marrow.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
The fourth sternebra in llamas is readily accessible for obtaining autogenous cancellous bone graft tissue that consists of predominantly hematopoietic marrow. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:362–365)
Results of physical inspection before races and race-related characteristics and their association with musculoskeletal injuries in Thoroughbreds during races
Authors: Cohen Noah D. , Mundy George D. , Peloso John G. , Carey Vincent J. , Amend Norine K. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To estimate the relative risk of injury among horses deemed to be at increased risk of injury on the basis of prerace physical inspection findings and to examine the association of injury during races with race-related characteristics.

Design
Cohort study.

Animals
2,187 Thoroughbred horses that started 3,227 races in Kentucky.

Procedure
All race starts for which a horse was deemed to be at increased risk of injury on the basis of prerace physical inspection findings and a random sample of race starts for which horses were not deemed at increased risk of injury were included in the study. Findings of prerace physical inspection, racerelated characteristics, and outcome of the race (race results and whether the horse incurred an injury) were recorded for each race start. Race starts in which a horse incurred an injury during a race were compared with race starts in which injuries were not incurred to identify factors associated with injury during races.

Results
Abnormality of the suspensory ligament of the forelimbs detected during prerace physical inspection, racetrack, class of race (claiming race ≤ $25,000 vs other classes), and distance of race (< 7 furlongs vs other distances) were significantly associated with increased risk of injury.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Prerace physical inspection findings, particularly abnormalities of the suspensory ligament, may be used to identify horses at increased risk of injury during races. Rate of injury differed among racetracks, and horses in certain types of races (lower-priced claiming races and races of shorter distance) may be at increased risk of injury during races. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:654–661)
Evaluation of point-of-care tests for diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation in dogs admitted to an intensive care unit
Authors: Bateman Shane W. , Mathews Karol A. , Abrams-Ogg Anthony C. G. , Lumsden John H. , Johnstone Ian B. , Hillers Thomas K. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate the accuracy of point-of-care tests for the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in dogs and assess the correlation and agreement of results between point-of-care and laboratory tests in the evaluation of hemostatic function.

Design
Prospective case series.

Animals
59 critically ill dogs (affected dogs) with clinical signs of diseases known to predispose to DIC and 52 clinically normal dogs.

Procedures
Accuracy of the point-of-care tests (activated clotting time [ACT], estimated platelet count and number of schizocytes from a blood smear, plasma total solids [TS] concentration, and the protamine sulfate test) was evaluated, using receiver operating characteristic curves and likelihood ratios. A strategy, using likelihood ratios to calculate a post-test probability of DIC, was tested with 65% used as a threshold for initiation of treatment. Results of laboratory tests (coagulogram and plasma antithrombin III activity) were used as the standard for comparison in each dog.

Results
ACT and estimated platelet count provided the best accuracy for detection of DIC. The plasma TS concentration, schizocyte number, and protamine sulfate test had poor accuracy. The strategy using post-test probability of DIC identified 12 of 16 affected dogs that had DIC. Estimated platelet count was correlated and had acceptable clinical agreement with automated platelet count (r = 0.70). The plasma TS (r = 0.28) concentration and serum albumin (r = 0.63) concentration were not accurate predictors of plasma antithrombin III activity. The ACT did not correlate with activated partial thromboplastin time (r = 0.28).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Strategic use of likelihood ratios from point-of-care tests can assist clinicians in making treatment decisions for dogs suspected to have DIC when immediate laboratory support is unavailable. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:805–810)
Results of bone scintigraphy in racing Standardbred horses: 64 cases (1992–1994)
Authors: Ehrlich Paula J. , Dohoo Ian R. , O'Callaghan Michael W. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To document anatomic patterns of scintigraphic uptake and related orthopedic disease associated with racing activity in Standardbred horses.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
64 Standardbred horses evaluated for lameness.

Procedure
Medical records at the time of discharge were reviewed, and information regarding signalment; history; results of lameness examination, scintigraphy, and radiography; diagnosis; and treatment were obtained.

Results
274 areas of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake were identified. Scintigrams of 218 limbs (106 forelimbs, 112 hind limbs) were available for review. Seventy-three (33%) scintigrams had increased radiopharmaceutical uptake associated with the proximal sesamoids, 46 of 106 (43%) forelimb scintigrams had increased uptake associated with the third carpal bone, and 33 of 112 (33%) hind limb scintigrams had radiopharmaceutical uptake associated with the small tarsal bones. Forty-three of 218 (20%) scintigrams had increased uptake associated with the distal aspect of the third metacarpal and metatarsal bones. Abnormal scintigraphic uptake was bilateral in 91 of 139 (65%) forelimb locations and 99 of 134 (74%) hind limb locations with increased radiopharmaceutical uptake. The primary scintigraphically identified classifications of disease were exercise-induced bone remodeling, synovitis or arthritis, and soft-tissue avulsion from bone (66, 17, and 6% of areas with increased radiopharmaceutical uptake, respectively). Of 274 areas with increased radiopharmaceutical uptake, 244 (89%) were believed to be clinically important.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Distinctive patterns of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake were identified that suggested Standardbred horses used for racing may have a predilection to develop orthopedic disease at specific sites that are distinct from those in Thoroughbreds used for racing and horses used for jumping activities. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:982–991)
Serum total and ionized magnesium concentrations and urinary fractional excretion of magnesium in cats with diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Norris Carol R. , Nelson Richard W. , Christopher Mary M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine magnesium (Mg) status in cats with naturally acquired diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), evaluate changes in Mg status after treatment for DKA, and correlate Mg status with systemic blood pressure and degree of glycemic control.

Design
Case series and cohort study.

Animals
12 healthy cats (controls), 21 cats with DM, and 7 cats with DKA.

Procedure
Serum total magnesium (tMg) and ionized magnesium (iMg) concentrations and spot urinary fractional excretion of magnesium (FEmg) were determined, using serum and urine samples obtained from all cats when they were entered in the study and from cats with DKA 12, 24, and 48 hours after initiating treatment. Indirect blood pressure and degree of glycemic control were determined in 10 and 21 cats with DM, respectively.

Results
Initially, 2 and 13 cats with DM and 1 and 4 cats with DKA had serum tMg and iMg concentrations, respectively, less than the low reference limit (mean — 2 SD) determined for controls. In cats with DKA, serum tMg concentration decreased significantly over time after initiating treatment. Urinary FEmg was significantly higher in cats with DM or DKA, compared with controls. Systemic hypertension was not detected nor was there a correlation between Mg status and degree of glycemic control in cats with DM.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Hypomagnesemia was a common finding in cats with DM and DKA and was more readily identified by measuring serum iMg concentration than tMg concentration. The clinical ramifications of hypomagnesemia in such cats remain to be determined. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1455–1459)
Persistence of dengue genome in a remotely infected patient
Authors: Thaivanich Soraya , Visuthranukul Jirayu , Arunyingmongkol Kesinee , Bunworasate Udomsak , Siriyasatien Padet , Kulwichit Wanla 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Dengue virus infection is an intriguing illness. It is traditionally thought of as a self-limited and nonpersistent disease.

Objectives
We report a case with persistent dengue virus genome detectable in hematopoietic cells of a person with remote infection.

Methods
A patient with multiple myeloma in remission was prepared for peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation. Plasma and G-CSF-stimulated, mobilized PBSCs were collected. Dengue-specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed in both pre- and post-stimulated blood specimens. Anti-dengue antibodies by ELISA and by neutralization assay were measured before and after the stem cell mobilization.

Results
The viral genome was detected only in the PBSC of the post-G-CSF-stimulated specimens. Anti-dengue antibodies were negative and positive, by ELISA and neutralization assays, respectively, both before and after stem cell mobilization.

Conclusion
Our findings reveal a persistent infection. Whether and how this strain may interact with subsequent serotype(s) remains to be elucidated.
How many is good enough? An analysis of serological follow-up after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Stępień Monika , Zalewska Małgorzata , Kuźniarski Amadeusz , Jankowska-Polańska Beata , Piwowar Agnieszka , Świątoniowska-Lonc Natalia , Knysz Brygida 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Despite vaccinations available worldwide, patients and healthcare workers still struggle with COVID-19. Previously we observed in some convalescents surprisingly lower antibody levels after a second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine compared to the first dose. Six months after full vaccination we obtained follow-up results of 87 patients divided into 3 groups: (A) convalescents with higher antibody levels after second dose of vaccine compared to first dose, (B) naïve patients, (C) convalescents with decreasing antibody level after second dose compared to first dose.

Materials and Methods
Patients’ anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were checked by the anti-SARS-CoV-2 QuantiVac ELISA (IgG) (EUROIMMUN MedicinischeLabordiagnostica AG, Luebeck, Germany) test, as before, and prior to the blood sampling patients completed a questionnaire regarding, inter alia, general condition, smoking, flu vaccination.

Results
Thanks to this follow-up we concluded that none of the patients suffered from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection within 6 months after vaccination. Decline of antibody levels 6 months after vaccination was observed in all groups. Convalescent group A lost more antibodies in the mentioned period of time than group B or C. Group C presented still high results, higher than in group B (p = 0.007), but lower than in group A (p = 0.048).

Conclusions
Temporary decrease of antibody levels in convalescents after the second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination did not imply further consequences in the form of important antibody level differences 6 months after vaccination. Patients’ overweight could have an impact on antibody production but only after natural infection. It did not affect obtained results after vaccinations.
Marcus Gunn jaw-winking syndrome: A case report
Authors: Sathish Sivan , Subramani Manonmani , Patel Pranay , Hirani Nidhi , Arjunan Priyadharshini 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Marcus Gunn jaw wink phenomenon or Trigeminal oculomotor synkinesis, is a congenital disorder in which the upper lid moves synkinetically in response to jaw movement during chewing. The term synkinesis describes the simultaneous movement or a coordinated sequence of movements of muscles, which are supplied by different nerves or by separate peripheral branches of the same nerve. Although it rarely manifests bilaterally, it is typically unilateral. In 1883, Dr Robert Marcus Gunn, a Scottish Ophthalmologist described a 15-year-old girl with a peculiar type of congenital ptosis that included an associated winking motion of the affected eyelid on the movement of the jaw. It is known to affect both men and women equally. This phenomenon has been reported to be a similar phenomenon affecting 2-13% of all cases of congenital ptosis. It can be congenital or acquired, for example through trauma. The Congenital Marcus Gunn jaw wink phenomenon is thought to arise from the connection between the branch of the trigeminal nerve (responsible for chewing) supplying the middle or lateral pterygoid muscle and the branch of the oculomotor nerve supplying the upper superior levator ocular defect. Here we present a case report of Marcus Gunn’s Jaw-Winking Synkinesis in congenital ptosis.
Psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and their combination in the treatment of major depressive disorder: How well are we making use of available therapies?
Authors: Nădășan Ingrid Karina , Hancu Gabriel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Major depressive disorder stands as a profound challenge in the realm of psychiatric illnesses disrupting the well-being and daily existence of affected individuals. This heterogeneous condition continues to baffle researchers due to the elusive nature of its full neurological mechanisms. This review delves into the complex landscape of major depressive disorder, exploring the diverse therapeutic avenues available, from the nuanced realms of psychotherapy to the pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches that have been the focus of extensive research. In the relentless pursuit of relief for those afflicted, substantial efforts and resources are tirelessly channeled into the exploration of novel antidepressants and the refinement of existing therapeutic protocols. This review juxtaposes the efficiencies of existing treatments, unraveling their comparative effectiveness, and shedding light on their respective strengths and limitations. Even so, the question remains, how well are we managing the treatment of major depressive disorder, and which is the best option not only to treat this condition but also to reach full remission. Consequently, we have compiled findings on treatment selections and how efficient they are in relation to each other. The more we understand how to treat depression effectively the more we can improve the quality of life of individuals affected by this disorder. By comprehensively evaluating the diverse modalities, this review aims to guide clinicians and researchers toward evidence-based decisions, facilitating the formulation of individualized and targeted treatment protocols.
Determination of isohydrafural and methyluracil in ear drops by high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Uncu Livia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of current study was the development and validation of a reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RPHPLC) method for the quantitative determination of two active ingredients, isohydrafural (IHF) and methyluracil (MU) in fixed dose combination ear drops.

Methods:
An efficient separation of the two compounds was achieved on a Teknokroma C1 5μm (150*4,6mm) column, with a methanol: water 60:40 (V: V) mobile phase, at 300C temperature and 0.6 mL/min flow-rate. The total analysis time was 5.5 min.

Result:
The verified validation parameters were: linearity, selectivity, specificity, precision (repeatability and reproducibility), robustness, limit of detection and quantification.

Conclusions:
Good separation and lack of interference from other chromatographic peaks, rapidanalysis times were obtained. The newly developed chromatographic method can be applied for the analysis of fixed dose combination ear drops with isohydrafural and methyluracil.