bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-sample Properties of Parameter Estimates for Strongly Dependent Stationary Gaussian Time Series
Authors: fox Robert , Taqqu Murad S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Two examples, fractional Gaussian noise and fractional ARMA’s, are desqi.bed at the end of this section. We will estimate simultaneously all the unknown parameters symbolized by the vector 0, and not just the exponent a(0) in isolation. This work was previously published as Fox, R. and Taqqu, M. S. (1986), ‘Large-sample properties of parameter estimates for strongly dependent stationary Gaussian time series,’ Annals of Statistics 14, 517-32. Reproduced here by kind permission of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics.
The Estimation and Application of Long-memory Time Series Models
Authors: Geweke John , Porter-Hudak Susan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the most widely applied models for stationary time series the spectral density function is bounded at the frequency A = 0 and the autocorrelation function decays exponentially. This is true in stable autoregressive moving average models, and it is characteristic of estimates obtained by nonparametric spectral methods, for example.
Consciousness of Change
Authors: Woolf Daniel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Anxiety About the accelerating pace of change has been a defining mark of modern culture for over a century. Long before the post-atomic doomsday scenarios of the 1950s and 1960s, and the current frenetic developments in information technology, Henry Adams, attempting to measure the ‘velocity’ of his tory according to the laws of thermodynamics, expressed the view that the world would ‘break its neck’ from over-acceleration by 1950. As a modern historian commented a few years before the computer revolution of the 1980s, ‘nothing defines our age more than the furious and relentless increase in the rate of change’.’ This chapter will deal with the experience of change between the sixteenth and early eighteenth centuries, when the pace was far slower than in Henry Adams’s time, but also more noticeable than it had been in the past.
Varieties of Antiquarianism
Authors: Woolf Daniel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There is a crucial difference between an all-encompassing veneration of things in general because they are old-and therefore safe and familiar, unlike new things-and the love of specific objects whose oldness makes them rare and exotic. The first, as we have seen, is a general characteristic of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, shared in broad terms by all levels of society. The second, however, is a much more historically specific attitude, and one which is unlikely to develop in a society that is both marginally literate and geographically insular. A society that has little exposure to things that are very new need not devise any special mental shelf or ‘closet’, nor any corresponding discursive space, in which to store the very old; it can keep or throw out past traditions as present needs demand. But what happens when that same society undergoes a period of rapid cultural, technological, or economic change? Beset by newness, the initial reaction of most people will be exactly that outlined in Chapter 2: a reflexive appeal to the old ways as the standard and a counter-offensive against novelty.
Biology
Authors: Crawford Robert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The day I received Robert Crawford’s poem, my initial impression of ‘Biology’ was that it lacked logic, the essence of science. The lack of logic made it alien to me as a written communication. It would never get past peer review by a picky scientist. Alienation came too from the use of words out of context, ‘lost in translation ‘ from science to poetry. Words such as ‘carnitine’, a specific recognition molecule in the cell, jump out from amongst the non-specific terms around them; abstruse nomenclature and central themes of molecular biology are mixed at random. Scientist and poet in this project were given the impossible task of sharing, over one lunch, the sense of mystery and challenge of science and the sense of music and ideas in poetry, each in their own particular style. The time was much too short and our conversation could easily have stretched over several meetings when the opportunity to focus on issues and clarify connections would have been possible. I had expected the language of science to be a hurdle, as it is to students new to biology, but Robert took the dialect in his stride.
Testament and Confessions of an Informationist
Authors: Herbert W N 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I am one of those unfortunate souls who hear voices, usually indistinct, opinionated ones, which assail me when I wake up. My radio alarm afficts me with a particular kind of information: the incessant voices of Middle Britain, for some years well exemplified by the writer and broadcaster Melvyn Bragg on his BBC Radio programme Start the Week. Not so long ago I heard him yet again setting scientist against religious commentator whilst reserving writer (in this case Will Self) to throw in the cultural kedgeree. It was the usual scientist’s argument that science is based on facts whereas religion is based on ideas, while Will Self claimed that his fiction occupied a parallel realm entirely. Listening dejectedly, I concluded that science appeared to be a bleak and doctrinaire dimension, populated by those so sure of their own rightness that they feel no need to pause and consider whether a fact is in fact all that different from an idea in the first place.
Circadian
Authors: Glenday John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Joining John Glenday for lunch was a real privilege, which was much more a meeting of minds than a clash of cultures. I described what it is like for me to go about making scientific discoveries, and he did the same for constructing poems. It was amazing to find how close the two activities are. John seemed to have a keen awareness of and care for the world around him and a desire to understand what is going on in depth and then to wrestle with ways of communicating his insights in new and pithy ways. For me as a theoretical solar physicist there is a strong desire to understand the enormous complexity and subtlety of the many processes going on in the Sun.
Once I Looked into Your Eyes
Authors: Muldoon Paul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I won’t pretend I can write like Paul Muldoon. But I might be able to make more interesting pictures. Many of the spectacular achievements of twentieth-century science followed a simple paradigm. As new directions in basic atomic or molecular physics matured, they were adopted by chemists and applied physicists. This work in turn enabled applications in biological, clinical, and environmental science. The centres I direct at Princeton (including POEM, the centre for Photonics and Electronic Materials) support this process by bridging the gaps between innovation, technology, and application. Imaging technologies provide many of the best-known illustrations of this evolution. Fifty years ago, measurements of the magnetism created when atomic nuclei ‘spin’ were at the forefront of esoteric physics research, with no conceivable application. Gradually the applications became clear, and by the 1960s every modern chemistry department had ‘nuclear magnetic resonance’ spectrometers. By the 1980s most hospitals had ‘magnetic resonance imagers’ ( ‘nuclear’ was dropped to avoid scaring patients) which give beautifully detailed images of soft tissue.
The Art of Wit and the Cambridge Science Park
Authors: Milne Drew 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
C. P. Snow’s The Two Cultures suggests that ‘Cambridge is a university where scientists and non-scientists meet every night at dinner.’ Dining at ‘High Table’ provides a forlorn example of the shared life-world in which natural scientists and literary intellectuals resist dialogue. Cambridge is also a town in England, and many poets who live and work there, such as Tom Raworth, John James, and Peter Riley, do so without reference to Cambridge University as much more than a local irritation.
On Sharing NATO Defence Burdens in the 1990s and Beyond
Authors: Sandler Todd , Murdoch James C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In little more than four months, the Communist regimes in Europe, which had posed the greatest threat to European security for 40 years, unravelled as the Berlin Wall tumbled on 9-10 November 1989, a democratic coalition government formed in Czechoslovakia on 7 December 1989, Ceausecu’s regime collapsed on 22 December 1989 and the first free elections in a generation took place in East Germany on 18 March 1990. These events were followed by a unified Germany joining NATO (3 October 1990), the official disbandment of the Warsaw Pact (1 July 1991) and the demise of the Soviet Union (20 December 1991).
Revenue sources
Authors: Pestieau Pierre 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this chapter we look at the alternative sources of financing social protection in the European Union. The main source is payroll taxation. Two issues are often raised: that of the regressivity of payroll taxation and that of enlarging a tax base that is increasingly restricted to salaried work. presents the structure and the evolution of social protection financing EU12. Together, employer and employee social insurance contributions form the largest source of finance in European countries. In 2000, employers’ and employees’ contributions accounted for more than 70 per cent of total receipts of social protection in the majority of countries. Notable exceptions
Welfare state and economic efficiency
Authors: Pestieau Pierre 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
European countries have experienced considerable improvements in well-being and standards of living over the past 50 years. This evolution includes widespread access to social protection benefits, a high degree of income redistribution, a reduction in absolute poverty and an increase in economic security for everyone. Such achievement can be attributed to the development of modern welfare states and to several decades of unprecedented economic growth. Yet, over the last decade, most EU economies have experienced declining growth and increasing unemployment. Economists, like most people have a short memory. They quickly forget the positive benefits brought about by the welfare state in terms of providing security and alleviating poverty and they blame its current state for slower growth. A number of economists now believe a retrenchment in social spending is necessary to revive economic efficiency and economic growth.
Efficiency of the welfare state
Authors: Pestieau Pierre 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In general, when one considers the concept of efficiency coupled with the welfare state, one immediately thinks of the effects on the efficiency of the economy of the welfare state, notably the taxes implied and the benefits generated. This question has been widely discussed in recent works.É One of the main charges addressed to modern welfare states is that they impair economic performance and international competitiveness. It was the topic of Chapter 7. Another charge, just as widespread, is their inefficiency in providing social services, and their responsibility for the proliferation of costly transfer programs that miss their target populations. This second charge is thus different from the first one, although not totally unrelated. It concerns the economic efficiency of the welfare state per se, and it is the topic of this chapter.
Two-Date Models: Complete Markets
Authors: Milne Frank 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the early 1950s Arrow and Debreu introduced a simple extension to the existing theory of a competitive equilibrium. Consider two dates: today there is certainty and tomorrow there is uncertainty, with ω= I, ... , Ω states of the world. To make life simple, assume there is only one physical commodity, at each date/state (Figure 2.1).
Incomplete Markets with Production
Authors: Milne Frank 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Our first modification towards reality is to realize that we do not see a complete set of markets. There are several reasons why we do not see markets for some states of the world. One example is the existence of transaction costs in operating markets. For the moment we will not model these costs explicitly, but just assume that certain asset markets exist, and some do not. (A more complete theory would incorporate transaction costs and deduce market activity endogenously.)
The General Model and Asset-Price Characterization
Authors: Milne Frank 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this part, we extend the basic multiperiod model in a number of dimensions. The model allows for multiple physical commodities; the basic asset space is reoriented to a stochastic factor structure to allow a rewriting of our results more in conformity with a continuous-time model and we discuss stochastic interest rate models. In Part 4 we introduce money and multiple currencies to deal with basic monetary and international financial results; we show how transactions costs and other trading restrictions can be introduced into the model; and finally, we discuss real options and the basic elements of American options.
Introduction
Authors: García Brígida , Anker Richard , Pinnelli Antonella 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Women’s increased participation and changing position in the workforce is one of the most significant transformations the world has experienced in recent decades. This is occurring in the context of major economic and labour market changes such as globalization, flexibilization, and in formalization of production, high unemployment and underemployment in many countries, high rates of part-time and intermittent employment, economic insecurity, and the restructuring of economic systems. These new labour market conditions affect women’s and men’s demographic behaviour in complex, new ways that have not been adequately analysed or understood to date.
Divorce and Professional Careers in Russia During the Transition Towards Market Economy
Authors: Festy Patrick , Kortchagina Irina , Mouratcheva Olga , Prokofieva Lidia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Russian society has for decades shown a blend of archaism and modernism which contrasts with the industrialized countries of the West. The modern features include women’s very high educational achievements and their systematic participation in the labour force, as well as an exceptionally high divorce level which was reached long before Sweden, Great Britain, or other countries followed suit. These elements are brought together in the present study, in which men’s and women’s career patterns during married life, then after a divorce, are compared, and the implications of the economic and political upheavals of the 1990s are investigated.
Economic Opportunities and the Transition to Marriage among Young Women in the United States
Authors: Cox Amy g. , Hermsen Joan M , klerman Jacob Alex 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
During the last few decades, women’s participation in the paid labour force has increased, and their position in the labour market, relative to men’s, has risen as well. These trends are unlikely to reverse as the female-dominated service sector continues to grow. The dramatic changes have occurred within systems of gender that, although varied, tend to emphasize family caregiving as women’s responsibility and income generation as men’s responsibility. In this context, the growing presence of women in the marketplace suggests important consequences for marriage, childbearing, and other demographic processes associated with women. Indeed, one of the most pronounced demographic changes over the past few decades has been substantial delays and declines in marriage rates in many developed countries (Cherlin 1992; Espenshade 1985).
Water, Irrigation, and the State, 1880–1930
Authors: Beinart William 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Water powerfully influenced patterns of rural settlement and agriculture in the Cape (Chapter 2). Small towns and farms depended on fountains, streams, and earth dams up to the 1870s. Dams facilitated denser settlement, as well as the intensification and commercialization of stock farming, in many Cape districts. In the late nineteenth century progressive farmers and officials saw dam construction and irrigation as a highway towards development both for pastoral and arable farming. The two branches of agriculture were often linked, in that fodder production was one major purpose of irrigation. They believed that large-scale water conservation, as it was then called, would be a weapon against drought, enhance pastures, constrain trans-humance, expand exports, and ensure that meat markets were fully supplied. In their minds, wise usage of water was closely linked to the conservation of watersheds, of vegetation, and afforestation.
Drought, Conservation, and Nationalism: The Career of H. S. du Toit, 1890–1930
Authors: Beinart William 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the early decades of the twentieth century the term drought implied more than a periodic lack of rain. Drought was associated with the perception, frequently articulated, that the country was ‘drying up’, in the sense that rainfall was declining overall. This in turn became bound up with the idea that surface water was declining, and that denudation was causing rainfall to run off rather than sink into the ground. Drought in this broader sense was manifested in gulleying (dongas) and soil erosion.
Beyond the Model Law: The Quest for International Standards and Principles
Authors: Fletcher Ian F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The preceding chapters of this book have explored a range of different responses to the problems of international insolvency, at levels extending from the national, to the regional, to the global. At each level, the balance of forces progressively changes. At the national level –– here represented principally by English law and practice –– the aspiration to address a multi-jurisdictional insolvency in an holistic and integrated way may be frustrated on account of the diversity and (not infrequently) the incompatibility of the rules and practices of the various systems of law which happen to be implicated in the instant case. For as long as it remains a fact of life that national systems of insolvency law differ from one another in material respects, rules of private international law will be needed for the purpose of resolving the fundamental issues of jurisdiction, choice of law, and international recognition and assistance that ultimately determine the outcome of the insolvency process, and the extent to which interested parties will receive any degree of benefit from it.
Life in Motion: Daughters of the Dance
Authors: James Wendy , Lambek Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There has recently been a flowering of the anthropological study of the forms of sensual expression: of the visual, of art, of aesthetics; of ‘performance’, of body language; and of the aural —the interpretation of sound, of music and song. It is becoming clear that set pieces of patterned rhythmic sound and movement, quintessentially the phenomenon of the dance, can be traced through history. Something arguably similar is even reported from the world of the other primates —Vernon Reynolds discusses ‘chimp carnivals’. The technical and methodological difficulty of analysing the dance as such means that it has frequently been left aside for serious study by specialist students, just as music and language are nearly always set aside for the ethnomusicologists and the linguists or linguisticians.
James I of Scotland, The Kingis Quair
Authors: Boffey Julia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Tke Kingis Quair, or ‘King’s Book’, receives its title from a note in the single manuscript in which the text survives: ‘Herefter followis the quair maid be King James of Scotland the first callit the kingis quair and maid quhen his majeste wes in Ingland’ (Bodleian Library, MS Arch. Selden. B. 24, fo. 191v; the spelling in this transcription has been slightly modernized). A note in Latin in the scribe’s hand at the end of the text, ‘Quod Jacobus primus scotorum rex i1lustrissimus’ (fo. 211r), corroborates some of these details.
John Skelton, The Bouge of Court
Authors: Boffey Julia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
John Skelton’s writings, which bridge the periods conventionally classified as ‘medieval’ and ‘Renaissance’, demonstrate the continued life of the poetic dream vision well over a century after Chaucer’s influential experiments with the form. Skelton had read Chaucer carefully, but also draws into his own writing the fruits of the wide scholarly reading which qualified him in the last years of the fifteenth century for a post as tutor to the future Henry VIII.
Women in the Street: Prostitutes and Market Vendors
Authors: Mccreery Cindy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I would ask a man of feeling to survey the lobby at the theatres or look at the courtesans in the streets of London. Then let him say what stronger proof can be required of the wretched debasement of society … Sin is artificial is the monstrous offspring of government and property. Of the several thousand satirical prints of women published in England during the late eighteenth century, prints of women as men’ s sexual partners form by far the largest category. While this includes wives and courtesans, most of the women depicted are prostitutes. Although prints of prostitutes vary consider- ably in tone, execution, and price, and depict a wide range of women, two main themes dominate. The first theme views prostitutes as part of a broader
Introduction
Authors: Hoock Holger 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
On Tuesday, 2 January 1769, some thirty artists from England, Wales, Ireland, North America, and several continental European countries, all but two then resident in London, met in a former print warehouse at 125 Pall Mall. One of their number, Joshua Reynolds, rose to address his colleagues and a small group of art patrons: Gentlemen, An Academy, in which the Polite Arts may be regularly cultivated, is at last opened among us by Royal Munificence. This must appear an event in the highest degree interesting, not only to the Artists, but to the whole nation. It is indeed difficult to give any other reason, why an empire like that of BRITAIN, should so long have wanted an ornament so suitable to its greatness, than that slow progression of things, which naturally makes elegance and refinement the last effect of opulence and power.
Modelling Academies for the British School
Authors: Hoock Holger 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Royal Academy was undoubtedly London’s and Britain’s leading professional fine arts school and exhibition society. However, the confinement of its operations to the Strand, London, clearly limited its direct impact on the nation’s artists and the public for art. With respect to exhibitions, William Carey, a figure at the margins of London’s art world and witness to the foundation of many provincial art institutions, estimated in 18m that ‘almost ninety five out of every hundred persons in the Empire, are cut off from any means of direct acquaintance with the British School’: Nearly the whole of the Academicians, the great Body of the Artists, and their annual exhibitions are confined, by circumstance, to the Capital; with little, if any, power, of ever influencing the taste of the distant parts of the Country. The Royal Academy may be compared to a genial fire, placed in too wide a circle to communicate warmth to its extremities … The French felt a similar deficiency, at a distance from Paris; and, to remedy it, founded their provincial Academies.