bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Bopp Philippe A. , Buhn Jörn B. , Hampe Manfred J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Fundamental Approximations3.Interaction Models3.1.Intramolecular Interactions3.2.Intermolecular Interactions3.2.1.Pair Potentials3.2.2.Three‐Body and Higher Order Intermolecular Potentials3.3.Example: Intermolecular Potentials for an Aqueous Salt Solution3.4.Data for Interaction Models4.Approximations for the Simulations5.Constructing the Ensemble5.1.Method5.2.Setting up a Simulation6.Obtaining Results6.1.Simple Averages6.2.Time‐Correlation Functions7.Examples8.Applications
Multisystem study of 20 older adults with Williams syndrome
Authors: Cherniske Elizabeth M. , Carpenter Thomas O. , Klaiman Cheryl , Young Eytan , Bregman Joel , Insogna Karl , Schultz Robert T. , Pober Barbara R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTo address the natural history of Williams syndrome (WS), we performed multisystem assessments on 20 adults with WS over 30 years of age and documented a high frequency of problems in multiple organ systems. The most striking and consistent findings were: abnormal body habitus; mild–moderate high frequency sensorineural hearing loss; cardiovascular disease and hypertension; gastrointestinal symptoms including diverticular disease; diabetes and abnormal glucose tolerance on standard oral glucose tolerance testing; subclinical hypothyroidism; decreased bone mineral density on DEXA scanning; and a high frequency of psychiatric symptoms, most notably anxiety, often requiring multimodal therapy. Review of brain MRI scans did not demonstrate consistent pathology. The adults in our cohort were not living independently and the vast majority were not competitively employed. Our preliminary findings raise concern about the occurrence of mild accelerated aging, which may additionally complicate the long‐term natural history of older adults with WS. We provide monitoring guidelines to assist in the comprehensive care of adults with WS. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retrieving meaning after temporal lobe infarction: The role of the basal language area
Authors: Sharp David J. , Scott Sophie K. , Wise Richard J. S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDuring speech comprehension the auditory association cortex in the superior temporal cortex is involved in perceptual analysis of the speech signal, whereas the basal language area in the inferior temporal cortex mediates access to word meaning. Disruption of the interaction between the superior and inferior temporal cortices is one factor that may determine recovery from aphasic stroke. We used positron emission tomography to investigate semantic processing within inferior temporal cortex in control subjects and after infarction involving the superior temporal cortex. In the control group, semantic decision making on clear speech activated both anterior fusiform gyri. Chronic aphasic patients were impaired at the task and demonstrated reduced activation within the left anterior fusiform gyrus. A similar pattern of impaired performance and reduced left anterior fusiform gyrus activation was observed when control subjects heard perceptually degraded speech. Performance in both groups predicted activity in the right anterior fusiform gyrus and the temporal poles, where accuracy linearly correlated with activity. These results demonstrate that the function of the basal language area is sensitive to changes in the quality of perceptual input. In addition, different profiles of response observed in each hemisphere suggest distinct contributions of both left and right inferior temporal cortices to the semantic processing of speech. Ann Neurol 2004
Structure formation and mechanical properties of thermoplastic elastomer and oil system having a microcellular porous structure
Authors: Mashita Naruhiko , Fukahori Yoshihide 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA novel microcellular porous structure, the product of a small proportion of a semicrystalline thermoplastic elastomer and a large proportion of low molecular weight oil, was examined. The system exhibited a unique three‐dimensional continuous polymer network, consisting of interconnected spherical cells of a few tens of micrometers in diameter. In this report, details of morphology and stress–strain relationship of the system, which is made from hydrogenated poly[butadiene‐b‐(styrene‐random‐butadiene)] (H‐SBR) as a semicrystalline thermoplastic elastomer and straight asphalt as an oil, were investigated and analyzed. The system exhibited inverse S‐shape type stress–strain curves, but was characterized by extension rate and polymer concentration dependency. It was demonstrated that the stress–strain curves of the system can be described by a simple combination of that of two phases: asphalt‐rich phase and H‐SBR–rich phase. Calculations of a simple parallel model quantitatively agreed with experimental data, especially in the case of higher polymer concentrations (about 12 to 20 vol %) where uniform polymer network is formed over the whole system. Disagreement between calculation and experimental data was, however, found in the cases of very small proportions of H‐SBR (< ∼ 8 vol %), where the polymer network structure in the system was imperfect. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 107–112, 2005
Effects of a 60 Hz magnetic field on photosynthetic CO2uptake and early growth of radish seedlings
Authors: Yano Akira , Ohashi Yoshiaki , Hirasaki Tomoyuki , Fujiwara Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPhotosynthetic CO2uptake rate and early growth parameters of radishRaphanus sativusL. seedlings exposed to an extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF MF) were investigated. Radish seedlings were exposed to a 60 Hz, 50 μTrms(root mean square) sinusoidal magnetic field (MF) and a parallel 48 μT static MF for 6 or 15 d immediately after germination. Control seedlings were exposed to the ambient MF but not the ELF MF. The CO2uptake rate of ELF MF exposed seedlings on day 5 and later was lower than that of the control seedlings. The dry weight and the cotyledon area of ELF MF exposed seedlings on day 6 and the fresh weight, the dry weight and the leaf area of ELF MF exposed seedlings on day 15 were significantly lower than those of the control seedlings, respectively. In another experiment, radish seedlings were grown without ELF MF exposure for 14 d immediately after germination, and then exposed to the ELF MF for about 2 h, and the photosynthetic CO2uptake rate was measured during the short term ELF MF exposure. The CO2uptake rate of the same seedlings was subsequently measured in the ambient MF (control) without the ELF MF. There was no difference in the CO2uptake rate of seedlings exposed to the ELF MF or the ambient MF. These results indicate that continuous exposure to 60 Hz, 50 μTrmssinusoidal MF with a parallel 48 μT static MF affects the early growth of radish seedlings, but the effect is not so severe that modification of photosynthetic CO2uptake can be observed during short term MF exposure. Bioelectromagnetics 25:572–581, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, Inhibition Properties, and Theoretical Study of the New Nanomolar Trehalase Inhibitor 1‐Thiatrehazolin: Towards a Structural Understanding of Trehazolin Inhibition
Authors: Chiara Jose Luis , Storch de Gracia Isabel , García Ángela , Bastida Ágatha , Bobo Sofía , Martín‐Ortega María D. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA new trehazolin analogue, 1‐thiatrehazolin, has been synthesized from carbohydrate precursors by a highly efficient route based on our previously developed ketone/oxime ether reductive carbocyclization reaction for the construction of the cyclitol ring and an intramolecular nucleophilic displacement reaction for the construction of the thiazoline ring. 1‐Thiatrehazolin is a very potent, slow, tight‐binding trehalase inhibitor. A structural model for trehalase inhibition by trehazolin and its analogues, based on the experimental results and supported by theoretical calculations, is proposed.
Characterization of GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3 immunoreactivity in catecholaminergic nuclei of the mouse brain
Authors: Hawes Jessica J. , Picciotto Marina R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe distribution of immunoreactivity for the three identified neuropeptide galanin receptors, GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3, was determined in areas of the mouse brain involved in drug addiction, including the ventral tegmental area (VTA), substantia nigra (SN), nucleus accumbens (NA), and locus coeruleus (LC). All three galanin receptors are found in the VTA, SN, NA, and LC; however, GalR1 protein is most highly represented in the VTA, NA, and SN, suggesting that GalR1 may play a predominant role in galanin‐mediated regulation of dopamine neurotransmission. GalR1 and GalR3 protein levels are high in the LC, suggesting that these isoforms may be important for galanin‐mediated regulation of noradrenergic transmission during opiate withdrawal. Although the distribution of GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3 largely recapitulates the pattern of galanin binding throughout the brain, some discrepancies exist, suggesting that another galanin receptor(s) may be present in some brain areas. Overall, GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3 are distributed widely throughout the brain, correlate with widespread galanin binding, and colocalize with tyrosine hydroxylase in catecholaminergic brain areas. J. Comp. Neurol. 479:410–423, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transgenic mice expressing a fluorescent in vivo label in a distinct subpopulation of neocortical layer 5 pyramidal cells
Authors: Akemann Walther , Zhong Yong‐Mei , Ichinohe Noritaka , Rockland Kathleen S. , Knöpfel Thomas 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe neuronal components of cortical circuits have been characterized on the basis of their morphological and functional properties, and further refined by correlation of marker proteins with particular cell types. This latter approach has been very fruitful for GABA‐containing neurons, but comparable diagnostic markers for subpopulations of excitatory pyramidal cells have been more elusive. An emerging new approach consists of transgenic mice that express fluorescent proteins under the control of promoters that are active in specific cell types. Here, we analyzed a line of transgenic mice that carries a transgene consisting of regulatory sequences of the potassium channel Kv3.1 and enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP). In these mice, a set of neurons in neocortical layer 5 expresses high levels of the transgenic marker protein. EYFP‐expressing, and nonexpressing layer 5 cells were easily identified in living tissue under conditions suitable for patch‐clamp electrophysiology. By using immunolabeling, retrograde Fast Blue labeling and electrophysiological recordings with biocytin injections, we identified the fluorescent neurons as a population of pyramidal cells with distinct morphological and electrophysiological properties when compared with nonfluorescent neighboring layer 5 pyramidal cells. The most prominent morphological difference between these two populations was a much smaller number of apical oblique dendrites in EYFP‐positive as compared with the EYFP‐negative cells. The most prominent electrophysiological feature was a steady spike frequency adaptation in EYFP‐positive cells, whereas EYFP‐negative cells responded to a depolarizing current injection with a closely spaced spike doublet followed by constant frequency firing. The in vivo labeled transgenic mice provide an experimental tool for further functional differentiation of these populations of layer 5 pyramidal cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 480:72–88, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Odour and ﬂavour thresholds for key aroma components in an orange juice matrix: terpenes and aldehydes
Authors: Plotto Anne , Margaría Carlos A. , Goodner Kevin L. , Goodrich Renée , Baldwin Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThresholds for ﬂavour volatiles have been traditionally calculated in water or air, but they may vary widely in more complex matrices. Thresholds of key aroma compounds of orange juice (OJ) were determined in a deodorized OJ matrix. The three‐alternative‐forced‐choice (3‐AFC) method was used (ASTM: E‐679). Untrained panelists, 33–58 in number, were presented with deodorized orange juice samples arranged in ﬁve rows of three samples, corresponding to ﬁve spiking levels, each separated by a factor of 3, with a 3‐AFC presentation at each level. The test was repeated at least three times for experienced panelists. Odour thresholds in the orange juice matrix were 15 times (citral, hexanal) to over 200 times (β‐pinene, limonene) higher than published values in water. Retronasal odour thresholds were more consistent with published values, being higher only by 2–60‐fold, except for octanal which was higher by 187‐fold. These results will provide the industry with more realistic threshold guidelines for use in ﬂavouring citrus juices. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RNA binding motif (RBM) proteins: A novel family of apoptosis modulators?
Authors: Sutherland Leslie C. , Rintala‐Maki Nina D. , White Ryan D. , Morin Cory D. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractRBM5 is a known modulator of apoptosis, an RNA binding protein, and a putative tumor suppressor. Originally identified as LUCA‐15, and subsequently as H37, it was designated “RBM” (for RNA Binding Motif) due to the presence of two RRM (RNA Recognition Motif) domains within the protein coding sequence. Recently, a number of proteins have been attributed with this same RBM designation, based on the presence of one or more RRM consensus sequences. One such protein, RBM3, was also recently found to have apoptotic modulatory capabilities. The high sequence homology at the amino acid level between RBM5, RBM6, and particularly, RBM10 suggests that they, too, may play an important role in regulating apoptosis. It is the intent of this article to ammalgamate the data on the ten originally identified RBM proteins in order to question the existence of a novel family of RNA binding apoptosis regulators. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Group construction of covering arrays
Authors: Meagher Karen , Stevens Brett 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA covering arrayt‐CA(n,k,g) is ak × narray on a set ofgsymbols with the property that in eacht × nsubarray, everyt × 1 column appears at least once. This paper improves many of the best known upper bounds onnfor covering arrays, 2‐CA(n,k,g) withg + 1 ≤ k ≤ 2g, forg = 3 · · · 12 by a construction which in many of these cases produces a 2‐CA(n,k,g) withn = k(g − 1) + 1. The construction is an extension of an algebraic method used by Chateauneuf, Colbourn, and Kreher which uses an array and a group action on the array. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 13: 70–77, 2005.
HIV/AIDS policy in Africa: what has worked in Uganda and what has failed in Botswana?
Authors: Allen Tim , Heald Suzette 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA comparison of HIV/AIDS policies in Botswana and Uganda is revealing. It helps to highlight the kinds of policies that are necessary to come to terms with the pandemic in Africa, where it is already a public health disaster. It is argued that the promotion of condoms at an early stage proved to be counter‐productive in Botswana, whereas the lack of condom promotion during the 1980s and early 1990s contributed to the relative success of behaviour change strategies in Uganda. Other important factors included national and local‐level leadership, the engagement (or alienation) of religious groups and local healers and, most controversially, procedures of social compliance. We end with a call for more draconian measures than are currently envisaged. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of a reporter gene after microinjection of mammalian artificial chromosomes into pronuclei of bovine zygotes
Authors: Wang Bin , Lazaris A. , Lindenbaum M. , Stewart S. , Co D. , Perez C. , Drayer J. , Karatzas C.N. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe introduction of mammalian artificial chromosomes (ACs) into zygotes represents an alternative, more predictive technology for the production of recombinant proteins in transgenic animals. The aim of these experiments was to examine the effects of artificial chromosome microinjection into bovine pronuclei on embryo development and reporter gene expression. Bovine oocytes aspirated from 2–5 mm size follicles were matured in vitro for 22 hr. Mature oocytes were fertilized in vitro with frozen‐ thawed bull spermatozoa. Artificial chromosome carrying either β‐galactosidase (Lac‐Z) gene or green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene were isolated by flow cytometry. A single chromosome was microinjected into one of the two pronuclei of bovine zygotes. Sham injected zygotes served as controls. Injected zygotes were cultured in G 1.2 medium for 7 days. Hatched blastocysts were cultured on blocked STO cell feeder layer for attachment and outgrowth of ICM and trophectoderm cells. The results showed a high zygote survival rate following LacZ‐ACs microinjection (74%). However, the blastocyst development rate after 7 days of culture was significantly lower than that of sham injected zygotes (7.5 vs. 22%). Embryonic cells positive for Lac‐Z gene were detected by PCR in three of nine outgrowth colonies. In addition, GFP gene expression was observed in 15 out of 85 (18%) embryos at the arrested 2‐cell stage to blastocyst stage. Six blastocysts successfully outgrew, three outgrowths were GFP positive for up to 3 weeks in culture. We conclude that the methodology for artificial chromosome delivery into bovine zygotes could lead to viable blastocyst development, and reporter gene expression could be sustained during pre‐implantation development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 60: 433–438, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Audio‐visual relaxation training for anxiety, sleep, and relaxation among Chinese adults with cardiac disease
Authors: Tsai Sing‐Ling 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe long‐term effect of an audio‐visual relaxation training (RT) treatment involving deep breathing, exercise, muscle relaxation, guided imagery, and meditation was compared with routine nursing care for reducing anxiety, improving sleep, and promoting relaxation in Chinese adults with cardiac disease. This research was a quasi‐experimental, two‐group, pretest–posttest study. A convenience sample of 100 cardiology patients (41 treatment, 59 control) admitted to one large medical center hospital in the Republic of China (ROC) was studied for 1 year. The hypothesized relationships were supported. RT significantly (p < .05) improved anxiety, sleep, and relaxation in the treatment group as compared to the control group. It appears audio‐visual RT might be a beneficial adjunctive therapy for adult cardiac patients. However, considerable further work using stronger research designs is needed to determine the most appropriate instructional methods and the factors that contribute to long‐term consistent practice of RT with Chinese populations. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:458–468, 2004
Coordination in nurses' listening activities and communication about patient–nurse relationships
Authors: Gilbert Dorothy Ann 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this analysis was to examine whether nurses' listening behavior, especially the coordination of their nonverbal involvement activities with those of their patients, communicates information about patient–nurse relationships. Participants were 126 college women who responded to a 30‐item instrument measuring relational information that was communicated to them by nurses' behavior in videotaped segments of interactions between a patient/actress and 12 nurses. Participants' responses to two consecutive interaction segments were selected for this analysis. The research team coded the patient's and nurses' listening activities, and they calculated coordination and activity rates for all interaction segments. Multiple regression analysis revealed that nurses' verbal listening activities, such as reflection, their nonverbal involvement activities, and their simultaneous coordination of nonverbal involvement activities with those of the patient predicted relational information dimensions of trust/receptivity, depth/similarity/affection, composure, and non‐formality. Thus, nurses' listening behavior, including coordination, may contribute to communication about patient–nurse relationships. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:447–457, 2004
New perylene polyimides containing p‐n diblocks for sensitization in TiO2solar cells
Authors: Niu Haijun , Wang Cheng , Bai Xuduo , Huang Yudong 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThree novel perylene polyimides (PPIs) containing p‐n diblock units were designed and synthesized for use in dye‐sensitized mesoporous TiO2solar cells. They all dissolve inm‐cresol andN‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP). Their visible light absorption, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical properties were systematically studied. The polyimides have band gap energies of 2.16, 2.19 and 2.25 eV deduced from ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra, and electron affinity (Ea) and ionization potential (IP) of −3.93 and 6.10 eV for PPI1, −3.94 and 6.13 eV for PPI2, −3.93 and 6.59 eV for PPI3, respectively, deduced from cyclic voltammogram. Experimental data show that introduction of 4,4′‐bisaminetriphenylamine cannot only greatly enhance optic‐electro conversion efficiency, but also enhance the dissolubility which in favorable for making the devices. The relationship of structure and properties of PPI is discussed and the mechanism of photocurrent generation is explained. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of grass fiber filler on curing characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber
Authors: De Debasish , De Debapriya , Adhikari Basudam 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNatural rubber is reinforced with a novel type of grass fiber (Cyperus Tegetum Rox b). The effects of fiber loading of different mesh sizes on curing characteristics and mechanical properties of grass fiber filled natural rubber composite are studied. Since 400 mesh grass fiber loaded natural rubber composite shows superior mechanical properties, therefore the effect of silane coupling agent was studied for this particular composite. Here composites were prepared by using water leached grass fiber. Optimum cure time increases with the increase in fiber loading but the change in scorch time is less. The same trend of increase in optimum cure time is observed in the presence of Si69. But the value is higher compared to that of rubber composite without Si69. With increase in the fiber loading, modulus and hardness of the composite increases but tensile strength decreases. The mechanical properties of the composite, namely moduli at 200 and 300% elongation and hardness increase in the presence of Si69 but tensile strength is less compared to that of the composite without Si69. Elongation at break is not much affected due to the presence of Si69. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.