bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sudden cardiac arrest prediction via deep learning electrocardiogram analysis
Authors: Oberdier Matt T , Neri Luca , Orro Alessandro , Carrick Richard T , Nobile Marco S , Jaipalli Sujai , Khan Mariam , Diciotti Stefano , Borghi Claudio , Halperin Henry R 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a commonly fatal event that often occurs without prior indications. To improve outcomes and enable preventative strategies, the electrocardiogram (ECG) in conjunction with deep learning was explored as a potential screening tool.

Methods and results
A publicly available data set containing 10 s of 12-lead ECGs from individuals who did and did not have an SCA, information about time from ECG to arrest, and age and sex was utilized for analysis to individually predict SCA or not using deep convolution neural network models. The base model that included age and sex, ECGs within 1 day prior to arrest, and data sampled from windows of 720 ms around the R-waves from 221 individuals with SCA and 1046 controls had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.77. With sensitivity set at 95%, base model specificity was 31%, which is not clinically applicable. Gradient-weighted class activation mapping showed that the model mostly relied on the QRS complex to make predictions. However, models with ECGs recorded between 1 day to 1 month and 1 month to 1 year prior to arrest demonstrated predictive capabilities.

Conclusion
Deep learning models processing ECG data are a promising means of screening for SCA, and this method explains differences in SCAs due to age and sex. Model performance improved when ECGs were nearer in time to SCAs, although ECG data up to a year prior had predictive value. Sudden cardiac arrest prediction was more dependent upon QRS complex data compared to other ECG segments.
Global Englishes teaching in secondary schools in Italy
Authors: Andreani Claudia , McKinley Jim 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
English Language Teaching (ELT) materials often assign prominence to British English and General American English to the detriment of other varieties, thus promoting native-like competence as a goal for English language learners. Scholars have called for a reconceptualisation of ELT by correlating English varieties with globalisation within the Global Englishes (GE) paradigm. The present mixed-methods study, which engaged ninety-six EFL senior secondary school students in Italy who prepared a presentation of a variety of English of their choice, examined how this task influenced their attitudes to the diversity of English. Data were collected through pre- and post-tests and solicited journals and showed the participants’ preference for a GE-oriented pedagogy, despite the persistence of a more conventional attitude towards British and American English, which may derive from their exam-oriented culture. Results indicate that a GE-oriented pedagogy is likely to foster learners’ critical understanding of language variation and challenge cultural stereotypes.
Receptor modeling, ecological risks, and human health impacts of mercury in some Ghanaian topsoils due to mining and commercial activities
Authors: Asamoah Benjamin Darko , Yevugah Lily Lisa , Borquaye Lawrence Sheringham , Dodd Matt , Darko Godfred 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Globally, elevated environmental mercury levels have been linked to artisanal and small-scale gold mining; however, investigations into mining communities often overlook other potential sources and their contributions to soil mercury accumulation. This study explored the positive matrix factorization receptor model to identify other possible sources of mercury contamination in two major mining communities (Kenyasi and Obuasi) and a commercial city (Sunyani) in Ghana. The mercury concentrations across the three study areas showed no significant differences (p = 0.257 at the 95% confidence level). The positive matrix factorization model identified mining as the major contributor to mercury accumulation in Obuasi and Kenyasi, with other activities, such as farming, also contributing substantially. The generation and burning of hazardous waste in the Sunyani municipality due to increased commercial activities have contributed significantly to mercury contamination. Although the hazard quotient indicated no adverse health effects in the study areas (HQ &lt; 1), the pollution and ecological risk indices showed that Obuasi was significantly enriched with mercury, with considerable levels found in Kenyasi and Sunyani. The results from this study will serve as a good database for environmental studies on mercury particularly in Kenyasi and Sunyani, where there has not been any extensive research on mercury contamination.
May Measurement Month 2022: an analsyis of blood pressure screening results from China
Authors: Wang Xin-Yu , Hu Zhe , Liu Chang-Yuan , Lei Cheng-Bao , Zheng Qi-Dong , Zheng Mei-Sheng , Chen Xiao-Rui , Ge Li-Bin , Beaney Thomas , Kerr Gabriele , Poulter Neil R , Li Yan , Chen Xin , Wang Ji-Guang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The May Measurement Month (MMM) campaign was carried out in China in 2022 with the aim of raising awareness of raised blood pressure (BP). Here, we report the findings of the campaign.
Adults aged ≥ 18 years were recruited opportunistically at 30 China provinces. Three seated BP readings were taken for each participant, along with completion of a questionnaire on demographics, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or being on antihypertensive medication. Controlled BP was defined as being on antihypertensive medication with a BP &lt;140/90 mmHg. Multiple imputation was used to estimate any missing BP readings. In total, 188 975 were screened, with a mean age of 46.0 years, and 49.6% of whom were female. Of all participants, 49 788 (26.3%) had hypertension, of whom 11 268 (22.6%) were aware, and 10 945 (22.0%) were on antihypertensive medication. Of those on antihypertensive medication, 6362 (58.1%) had controlled BP, and of all participants with hypertension, 12.8% had controlled BP. After adjustment for age, sex, and use of antihypertensive medication, both systolic and diastolic BP were significantly (p≤0.01) higher in those drinking alcohol 1-3 times per month (n=24322, +0.7/+0.4 mmHg) and higher still BPs in those drinking 1-6 times per week (n=10691, +2.9/+1.0 mmHg) compared to those who never or rarely drank alcohol. In total, 43 426 (23.0%) were found to have either untreated or inadequately treated hypertension.
The MMM campaign in China identified particularly high rates of untreated hypertension and also inadequately treated hypertension which should inform strategies to improve the detection and management of hypertension in China.
Comparison of Self-Reported Physical Activity between Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and Patients with Myocardial Infarction without cardiac arrest: a case-control study
Authors: Heimburg Katarina , Nordström Erik Blennow , Friberg Hans , Oestergaard Lisa G , Grejs Anders M , Keeble Thomas R , Kirkegaard Hans , Mion Marco , Nielsen Niklas , Rylander Christian , Segerström Magnus , Tornberg Åsa B , Ullén Susann , Undén Johan , Wise Matt P , Cronberg Tobias , Lilja Gisela 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims
To investigate whether out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors had lower levels of self-reported physical activity compared to a non-cardiac arrest control group with myocardial infarction (MI), and to explore if symptoms of anxiety, depression, kinesiophobia (fear of movement) and fatigue were associated with a low level of physical activity.

Methods
Predefined case–control sub-study within the international Targeted Hypothermia versus Targeted Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM2) trial. OHCA survivors at 8 of 61 TTM2 sites in Sweden, Denmark and the United Kingdom were invited. Participants were matched 1:1 to MI controls. Both OHCA survivors and MI controls answered two questions on self-reported physical activity, categorized as a low, moderate, or high level of physical activity, and questionnaires on anxiety and depression symptoms, kinesiophobia, and fatigue 7 months after the cardiac event.

Results
Overall, 106 of 184 (58%) eligible OHCA survivors were included and matched to 91 MI controls. In total, 25% of OHCA survivors and 20% of MI controls reported a low level of physical activity, with no significant difference (p=0.13). Symptoms of kinesiophobia and fatigue were significantly associated with a low level of physical activity in both groups. OHCA survivors had significantly more kinesiophobia compared to MI controls (18% versus 9%, p=0.04), while levels of anxiety and depression symptoms and fatigue were similar.

Conclusion
OHCA survivors had similar levels of physical activity compared to matched MI controls. High level of kinesiophobia and fatigue were associated with a low level of physical activity in both groups.
Mental health status and quality-of-life after an acute myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries or takotsubo syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Leissner Philip , Olsson Erik M G , Rondung Elisabet , Sundelin Runa , Spaak Jonas , Ulvenstam Anders , Nordenskjöld Anna , Kövamees Lena , Lyngå Patrik , Held Claes , Tornvall Per , Humphries Sophia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) and takotsubo syndrome (TS) are both characterised by lack of significant coronary artery stenoses and a higher prevalence of mental health disorders preceding the event. Currently, little is known about their pathological aetiologies and subsequent treatment plans, giving cause for concern among those affected. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of mental health status and quality of life (QoL) in MINOCA- and TS-patients after the acute event, compared to both cardiac and non-cardiac populations, and over time.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted via Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PyschINFO, PubMed, ASSIA, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase from inception to May 2024. The review was registered in PROSPERO and methods, and results were reported in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Quality assessment and risk of bias were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional and cohort studies.

Results
Sample sizes ranged from 13 to 5,322 participants. The risk of bias was high in 18/28, medium in 7/28, and low in 3/28 studies. Across the symptoms assessed, MINOCA- and TS-patients reported worse mental health status or QoL than non-cardiac groups in 10/13 studies, and cardiac groups in 10/20 studies. Investigating change over time, 1/5 studies found deteriorating mental health status, 3/5 reported improved mental health status or QoL and 1/5 reported no change in MINOCA- and TS-patients.

Conclusions
Patients with MINOCA or TS seem to have worse mental health status and QoL after the acute event than non-cardiac individuals, but it is yet difficult to conclude whether mental distress and QoL are equal or worse compared to CHD-patients. There is no convincing evidence that mental health status or QoL of MINOCA- and TS- patients naturally improve over time after the acute event. Among the studies evaluated, risk of bias was high. More high-quality studies are needed, investigating mental health status and QoL among MINOCA- and TS-patients.
Rhizosphere Microbiome Influence on Tomato Growth under Low-Nutrient Settings
Authors: Mejia Gerardo , Jara-Servin Angélica , Hernández-Álvarez Cristóbal , Romero-Chora Luis , Peimbert Mariana , Cruz-Ortega Rocío , Alcaraz Luis D 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Studies have suggested that reduced nutrient availability enhances microbial diversity around plant roots, positively impacting plant productivity. However, the specific contributions of rhizosphere microbiomes in nutrient-poor environments still need to be better understood. This study investigates tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) root microbiome under low-nutrient conditions. Plants were grown in hydroponics with soil-derived microbial community inoculations. We hypothesised that nutrient limitation would increase the selection of beneficial bacterial communities, compensating for nutrient deficiencies. We identified 12 294 OTUs across treatments and controls using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Increased plant biomass was observed in treatments compared to controls, suggesting a role for the microbiome in mitigating nutrient limitations. The relative abundance of genera such as Luteolibacter and Sphingopyxis relative abundance correlated with plant phenotypic traits (p ≤ 0.05), and their presence was further validated using shotgun metagenomics. We annotated 722 677 protein families and calculated a core set of 48 116 protein families shared across all treatments and assigned them into Bacteria (93.7%) and Eukaryota (6.2%). Within the core bacterial metagenome, we identified protein families associated with pathways involved in positive plant interactions like the nitrogen fixation. Limited nutrient availability enhanced plant productivity under controlled conditions, offering a path to reduce fertiliser use in agriculture.
Developmental landscape and asymmetric gene expression in the leaf vasculature of Brassica rapa revealed by single-cell transcriptome
Authors: Guo Xinlei , Yuan Jingping , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wu Jian , Wang Xiaowu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Leaf vasculature not only acts as a channel for nutrients and signaling information but also influences leaf morphology. It consists of several distinct cell types with specialized functions. Cell type-specific characterizations based on single-cell RNA sequencing technology could aid in understanding the identities of vascular tissues and their roles in leaf morphogenesis in Brassica rapa. Here, we generated a single-cell transcriptome landscape of the Chinese cabbage leaf vasculature. A total of 12 cell clusters covering 7 known cell types were identified. Different vascular cell types were characterized by distinct identities. The xylem parenchyma and companion cells exhibited an active expression pattern of amino acid metabolism genes. Tracheary elements and sieve elements were enriched in many genes related to cell wall biosynthesis, and the phloem parenchyma was enriched in many sugar transporter-encoding genes. Pseudo-time analyses revealed the developmental trajectories of the xylem and phloem and the potential roles of auxin and ethylene in xylem development. Furthermore, we identified key candidate regulators along the differentiation trajectory of the sieve elements and companion cells. Most of the homoeologous genes in the syntenic triads from the three subgenomes showed asymmetric gene expression patterns in different vascular cell types. Collectively, our study revealed that Chinese cabbage leaf vasculature cells had highly heterogeneous transcriptomes, providing new insights into the complex processes of leaf vasculature development in B. rapa leafy vegetables and other Brasscia crops.
Ethylene Modulates the Phenylpropanoid Pathway by Enhancing VvMYB14 Expression via the ERF5-Melatonin-ERF104 Pathway in Grape Seeds
Authors: Gao Shiwei , Wang Fei , Wang Shengnan , Diao Jiapeng , Lan Shuxia , Xu Yujiao , Lyu Xinning , Kang Hui , Yao Yuxin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The interaction between ethylene and melatonin in the regulation of polyphenol metabolism and the underlying mechanism remain largely unclear. This work demonstrated that ethylene treatment increased melatonin biosynthesis by inducing the VvASMT expression in grape seeds. Ethylene-induced VvERF5 transactivated VvASMT via binding to the ERE element in its promoter. VvERF5 overexpression led to an increase in melatonin biosynthesis while its suppression generated the opposite results in grape seeds, calli and/or Arabidopsis seeds. A melatonin responsive element (MTRE) was identified, and melatonin-induced VvERF104 was found to bind to the MTRE of the VvMYB14 promoter and activate its expression. VvMYB14 overexpression widely modified the expression of genes in phenylpropanoid pathway and phenolic compound content in grape seeds. DAP-seq revealed that the MEME-1 motif was the most likely binding sites of VvMYB14. VvPAL, VvC4H and VvCHS were verified to be the target genes of VvMYB14. Additionally, the overexpression of VvERF5 or VvERF104 increased the expression of VvPAL, VvC4H and VvCHS, as well as the levels of the corresponding metabolites. Moreover, the roles of VvERF5, VvASMT and VvERF104 in mediating ethylene-induced changes in phenylpropanoid pathway were elucidated using their suppressing seeds. Collectively, ethylene increased the VvMYB14 expression via the pathway of ERF5-melatonin-ERF104 and thereby modified phenylpropanoid pathway.
Stable isotope labelling and gene expression analysis reveal dynamic nitrogen-supply mechanisms for rapid growth of Moso bamboo
Authors: Zhang Junbo , Shi Man , Zhu Chenglei , Yang Kebin , Li Quan , Song Xiaoming , Gao Zhimin , Cao Tingting , Zhu Dezheng , Song Xinzhang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Rapid growth of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) shoots (offspring ramet) is primarily fuelled by nitrogen (N) derived from parent ramet and absorbed by rhizome roots. However, the extent to which each N source supports the growth of offspring ramet and the underlying molecular mechanisms of N transport remain unclear. Here, clonal fragments consisting of a parent ramet, an offspring ramet, and an interconnected rhizome were established in a Moso bamboo forest. Additionally, 15N isotope tracing and transcriptome profiling were conducted concurrently to quantify the N contribution from the parent ramet and rhizome roots to the offspring ramet, and to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying N transport during rapid growth (i.e., early, peak, branching, and leafing stages). The N acquisition strategy of offspring ramet shifted from being primarily provided by the parent ramet (72.53%) during early stage to being predominantly absorbed by rhizome roots (69.85%) during the leafing stage. Approximately equal N contributions (45.82–54.18%) from the parent ramet and rhizome roots were observed during peak and branching stages. PeAAP29123 was identified as a key gene for N transport, being most closely correlated with 15N content. Biomolecular assays demonstrated that PeHDZ23987 could activate the expression of PeAAP29123 via two types of HD-motifs. Overexpression of PeHDZ23987 and PeAAP29123 significantly enhanced N starvation tolerance in transgenic rice with significantly improved N uptake efficiency. Our findings clarify the pattern and mechanisms of N supply for the rapid growth of Moso bamboo offspring ramet and provide transcriptomic evidence for long-distance N transport between clonal ramets.
The ethical considerations of integrating Artificial Intelligence into surgery: a review
Authors: Arjomandi Rad Arian , Vardanyan Robert , Athanasiou Thanos , Maessen Jos , Nia Peyman Sardari 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The integration of AI into surgery raises significant ethical concerns, including the impact on autonomy, human authority, and the patient-doctor relationship. This study underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach to navigate these ethical dilemmas, involving stakeholders from various fields.

METHODS
A comprehensive literature review up to March 2024 was conducted to assess the ethical implications of AI applications in surgery. This included an examination of data privacy, informed consent, algorithmic bias, the role of advanced robotics, and the impact on surgeons’ decision-making. The study also considered the development of autonomous surgical robots and their ethical implications.

RESULTS
The review highlights that while AI can enhance surgical precision and improve clinical decision-making, it also poses several ethical challenges. AI's ability to support decision-making risks undermining surgeons' autonomy and judgement, raising concerns about over-reliance on technology. Issues such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and equitable access to AI-driven tools were identified as key ethical concerns. Autonomous surgical robots, while promising, introduce complex questions about accountability and liability, particularly when unexpected outcomes occur.

CONCLUSIONS
Effective integration of AI into surgical practices demands the development of ethical frameworks that respect both the capabilities of AI and the irreplaceable value of human judgement. Balancing technological advancement with ethical integrity is essential to safeguard patient-centered care and ensure equitable access to AI benefits in healthcare.
Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery for mitral valve prolapse: A comparison between fibro-elastic deficiency and barlow’s disease
Authors: Huyghe Simon , Colpaert Bodine , Czapla Jens , Philipsen Tine , Timmermans Frank , Bové Thierry 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Within the spectrum of degenerative mitral valve(MV) prolapse, Barlow disease remains a risk factor for suboptimal long-term outcome after MV repair. This study reports on the results of MV repair(MVr) through minimally invasive surgery(MICS) benchmarking patients with Barlow disease to Fibro-Elastic Deficiency(FED).

METHODS
Between July 2008 and December 2021, 246 patients underwent MVr for degenerative MV prolapse via MICS, including 180 FED and 66 Barlow patients. Study end-points focused on 10-year survival, MV reoperation and recurrence of MV regurgitation ≥ grade 2.

RESULTS
Barlow patients were significantly younger(Barlow: 58 y(IQR 47–67) – FED: 68 y(IQR 60–76), p &lt; 0.001), showing more complex MV prolapse than FED patients. The overall 30 day-mortality was 0.4%. Survival at 10 years was 78.8 ± 11.3% and 64.5 ± 7.4%(p = 0.161) in Barlow and FED patients respectively. The cumulative incidence of MV reoperation at 10 years was comparable between Barlow and FED patients(FED: 9.7 ± 3.1% – Barlow: 8.0 ± 4.7%, p = 0.645). The cumulative incidence of MR recurrence ≥ grade 2 was 3.0 ± 1.4% and 6.8 ± 3.1% at 5 and 10 years overall. MR recurrence rate at 10 years was higher in Barlow patients, but the difference was not significant(FED: 3.3 ± 1.7% at 10 y—Barlow: 11.1 ± 8.7% at 10 y, p = 0.765)

CONCLUSIONS
Despite more extensive MV prolapse in Barlow patients, MVr through minimally surgical access can be achieved with a mid-term outcome comparable to patients with fibro-elastic deficiency. Concentrating the expertise to increase the individual surgeon’s experience for surgical approach as the mitral valve procedure itself, allowed to achieve outcome results concurrent with those reported by high volume centers.
Transforming appeal decisions: machine learning triage for hospital admission denials
Authors: Owolabi Timothy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
To develop and validate a machine learning model that helps physician advisors efficiently identify hospital admission denials likely to be overturned on appeal.

Materials
Analysis of 2473 appealed hospital admission denials with known outcomes, split 90:10 for training and testing.

Methods
Six binary classifier models were trained and evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score metrics.

Results
An elastic net logistic regression model was selected based on computational efficiency and optimal performance with 84% accuracy, 84% precision, 98% recall, and an F1 score of 0.9.

Discussion
The predictive model addresses the risk of physician advisors accepting inappropriate denials due to biased perceptions of appeal success. Model implementation improved denial screening efficiency and was a key feature of a more successful appeal strategy.

Conclusions
By addressing data quality problems inherent to electronic health data, and expanding the feature space, machine learning can be an effective tool in the healthcare provider space.