bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitigating iftar-related glycemic excursions in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes on MiniMed™ 780G advanced hybrid closed loop system: a randomized clinical trial for adjunctive oral vildagliptin therapy during Ramadan fasting
Authors: Elbarbary Nancy Samir , Ismail Eman Abdel Rahman 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Ramadan Iftar meal typically causes glucose excursions. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors increase glucagon-like peptide-1 and thus, decrease blood glucose levels with low risk of hypoglycemia.

Aim
To investigate the efficacy and safety of vildagliptin as an add-on therapy on glucose excursions of Iftar Ramadan meals among adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) using advanced hybrid closed-loop (AHCL) treatment.

Methods
Fifty T1DM patients on MiniMed™ 780G AHCL were randomly assigned either to receive vildagliptin (50 mg tablet) with iftar meal during Ramadan month or not. All participants received pre-meal insulin bolus based on insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio (ICR) for each meal constitution.

Results
Vildagliptin offered blunting of post-meal glucose surges (mean difference − 30.3 mg/dL [− 1.7 mmol/L] versus − 2.9 mg/dL [− 0.2 mmol/L] in control group; p < 0.001) together with concomitant exceptional euglycemia with time in range (TIR) significantly increased at end of Ramadan in intervention group from 77.8 ± 9.6% to 84.7 ± 8.3% (p = 0.016) and time above range (180–250 mg/dL) decreased from 13.6 ± 5.1% to 9.7 ± 3.6% (p = 0.003) without increasing hypoglycemia. A significant reduction was observed in automated daily correction boluses and total bolus dose by 23.9% and 16.3% (p = 0.015 and p < 0.023, respectively) with less aggressive ICR settings within intervention group at end of Ramadan. Coefficient of variation was improved from 37.0 ± 9.4% to 31.8 ± 7.1%; p = 0.035). No severe hypoglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis were reported.

Conclusion
Adjunctive vildagliptin treatment mitigated postprandial hyperglycemia compared with pre-meal bolus alone. Vildagliptin significantly increased TIR while reducing glycemic variability without compromising safety.
Trial registration This trial was registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT06021119.
Does lower extremity alignment during normal stance predict lower limb kinematics and kinetics during drop landings?
Authors: Sayers Mark G.L. , Buhmann Robert L. , Collings Tyler J. , Mellifont Daniel B. , Stuelcken Max C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Static lower extremity alignment (LEA) during normal stance has been used clinically as a tool to determine the presence of known anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) risk factors during dynamic tasks. Previous work investigating the relationship between static LEA during normal stance and risk factors for ACL injury is limited by the use of imprecise methods or because it focuses on knee valgus only and no other potentially important variables. The aim of this investigation was to determine the relationships between static LEA and the corresponding LEA during drop landings.

Methods
Forty-one female athletes were recruited for the study (age: 19.8 ± 2.5 years, height: 1.73 ± 0.06 m, mass: 64.03 ± 6.66 kg). Lower limb kinematic data were collected using a 10 camera infrared motion capture system (500 Hz) with retro-reflective markers placed over key anatomical landmarks. This system was linked to two force platforms (1000 Hz) with subsequent three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data developed using standard software (Visual3D). Following an appropriate warm-up, data collection involved participants standing with their arms partially abducted to record static LEA. This was following by a series of drop landings from a 0.4 m box onto the force platforms. Maximum LEA data during drop landings were then compared with static LEA.

Results
Analyses showed that in comparison to static stance, during landings the anterior tilt of the pelvis decreased while hip abduction and knee internal rotation increased. At best, static LEA variables were moderately correlated (r = -0.51 to 0.58) with peak values measured during drop landings. Additionally, regression analysis did not yield any significant predictors of any key peak hip or knee variables measured during drop landings (p = 0.15 to 0.89).

Conclusion
When combined, the poor relationships observed between kinematics during static LEA and LEA during drop landings calls into question the practice of using static measures to predict LEA during even simple landing tasks. These findings suggest static assessments of LEA may have minimal value as an ACL injury screening tool.
Impact of biochar and compost amendment on corn yield and greenhouse gas emissions under waterlogged conditions
Authors: Cho Han-Na , Shin Minji , Lee Ikhyeong , Ryoo Haeun , Acharya Bharat Sharma , Park Jae-Hyuk , Cheong Yong Hwa , Cho Ju-Sik , Kang Se-Won 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBiochar, widely recognized for its capacity to counteract climate change impacts, has demonstrated substantial benefits in agricultural ecosystems. Nevertheless, empirical studies exploring its efficacy during climatic aberrations such as heavy rainfall are limited. This study investigated the effects of compost and biochar addition on corn growth attributes, yield, and soil CO2 and N2O fluxes under heavy rain (exceeding 5-yr average) and waterlogging conditions. Here, treatments included compost (CP, 7.6 t ha−1); rice husk biochar (RB, 7.6 t ha−1); wood biochar (WB, 7.6 t ha−1); and control (Cn). Under high rainfall and waterlogging, the CP treatment manifested a pronounced enhancement in corn biomass and productivity, exceeding biomass and productivity of Cn treatment by 12.6 and 32.2%, RB treatment by 120 and 195%, and WB treatment by 86.1 and 111%, respectively. Corn yield increased in the order: CP > Cn > WB > RB. Intriguingly, negligible disparity occurred between the RB and WB treatments in straw yield, grain yield, grain index, and corn productivity but both treatments recorded distinctively lower values than CP treatment. Also, the CO2 and N2O fluxes remained largely similar for two biochar treatments but lower than CP treatment. Overall, CP increased corn yield, straw, and grain yield whereas biochars reduced N2O flux during waterlogging. Although derived from a short-term experimental window, these pivotal findings furnish invaluable insights for devising soil amendments for yield and environmental benefits in contexts of extreme climatic perturbations. Our findings offer a robust foundation for refining nutrient management strategies confronted with waterlogging challenges, but long-term studies are necessary for definitive conclusions.
Dolutegravir-induced growth and lifespan effects in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Kuo Shin-Huei , Hsu Wen-Li , Wu Ching-Ying , Lai Yu-Chang , Chen Tun-Chieh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTIs)-based combination antiretroviral treatment in people living with HIV (PLWH) has been reportedly correlated with several adverse effects, such as weight gain, fetal defects or psychiatric disorders.

Methods
To comprehensively understand the adverse effect of INSTIs, our study utilized Caenorhabditis Elegans (C. elegans) as a model to investigate how dolutegravir (DTG) affected its life cycle, growth, reproduction and lifespan.

Results
Our results indicated that DTG enhanced body growth at the early stage of treatment, but no change was detected for long-term treatment. The treatment also influenced the reproductive system, decreased egg-hatching but had no effect on egg-laying. Besides, DTG resulted in lifespan reduction, which is dependent on increased levels of reactive oxidative species (ROS) accumulation. Treatment with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) in worms restrained intracellular ROS accumulation and improved DTG-induced lifespan reduction.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates for the first time the effect of DTG treatment on life cycle. DTG-induced adverse effects are potentially associated with intracellular ROS accumulation. Quenching ROS accumulation might provide a novel strategy for dealing with the adverse effects of INSTIs.
Algorithm for generating neutrosophic data using accept-reject method
Authors: Aslam Muhammad , Alamri Faten S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel and innovative approach to simulating random variates from two distinct probability distributions, namely the neutrosophic uniform distribution and the neutrosophic Weibull distribution. The primary objective of this research is to present a cutting-edge methodology for generating random variates by leveraging the accept-reject simulation method, particularly in the context of managing and addressing uncertainty. In addition to introducing the simulation methodology, this work will also provide comprehensive algorithms tailored to these proposed methods. These algorithms are essential for implementing the simulation techniques and will be instrumental in their practical applications. Furthermore, this study aims to explore the relationship between the level of indeterminacy and the resulting random variates. By investigating how varying degrees of indeterminacy impact random variates, we gain valuable insights into the dynamics of these distributions under different uncertainty conditions. Preliminary results suggest that random variates exhibit a trend of decreasing as indeterminacy levels increase, shedding light on the intriguing interplay between indeterminacy and random variate generation.
The novel roles of YULINK in the migration, proliferation and glycolysis of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells: implications for pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Wu Yi-Chia , Wang Wei-Ting , Yang Ming-Chun , Su Yu-Tsun , Yeh Jwu-Lai , Hsu Jong-Hau , Wu Jiunn-Ren 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Abnormal remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature, characterized by the proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) along with dysregulated glycolysis, is a pathognomonic feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). YULINK (MIOS, Entrez Gene: 54468), a newly identified gene, has been recently shown to possess pleiotropic physiologic functions. This study aims to determine novel roles of YULINK in the regulation of PAH-related pathogenesis, including PASMC migration, proliferation and glycolysis.

Results
Our results utilized two PAH-related cell models: PASMCs treated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PASMCs harvested from monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats (PAH-PASMCs). YULINK modulation, either by knockdown or overexpression, was found to influence PASMC migration and proliferation in both models. Additionally, YULINK was implicated in glycolytic processes, impacting glucose uptake, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression, hexokinase II (HK-2) expression, and pyruvate production in PASMCs. Notably, YULINK and GLUT1 were observed to colocalize on PASMC membranes under PAH-related pathogenic conditions. Indeed, increased YULINK expression was also detected in the pulmonary artery of human PAH specimen. Furthermore, YULINK inhibition led to the suppression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (AKT) in both cell models. These findings suggest that the effects of YULINK are potentially mediated through the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that YULINK appears to play a crucial role in the migration, proliferation, and glycolysis in PASMCs and therefore positioning it as a novel promising therapeutic target for PAH.
Predicting adverse outcomes in adults with a community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection: a protocol for the development and validation of two prediction models for (i) all-cause hospitalisation and mortality and (ii) cardiovascular outcomes
Authors: Rijk Merijn H. , Platteel Tamara N. , Geersing Geert-Jan , Hollander Monika , Dalmolen Bert L. G. P. , Little Paul , Rutten Frans H. , van Smeden Maarten , Venekamp Roderick P. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are common in primary care and patients at particular risk of adverse outcomes, e.g., hospitalisation and mortality, are challenging to identify. LRTIs are also linked to an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) following the initial infection, whereas concurrent CVD might negatively impact overall prognosis in LRTI patients. Accurate risk prediction of adverse outcomes in LRTI patients, while considering the interplay with CVD, can aid general practitioners (GP) in the clinical decision-making process, and may allow for early detection of deterioration. This paper therefore presents the design of the development and external validation of two models for predicting individual risk of all-cause hospitalisation or mortality (model 1) and short-term incidence of CVD (model 2) in adults presenting to primary care with LRTI.

Methods
Both models will be developed using linked routine electronic health records (EHR) data from Dutch primary and secondary care, and the mortality registry. Adults aged ≥ 40 years with a GP-diagnosis of LRTI between 2016 and 2019 are eligible for inclusion. Relevant patient demographics, medical history, medication use, presenting signs and symptoms, and vital and laboratory measurements will be considered as candidate predictors. Outcomes of interest include 30-day all-cause hospitalisation or mortality (model 1) and 90-day CVD (model 2). Multivariable elastic net regression techniques will be used for model development. During the modelling process, the incremental predictive value of CVD for hospitalisation or all-cause mortality (model 1) will also be assessed. The models will be validated through internal-external cross-validation and external validation in an equivalent cohort of primary care LRTI patients.

Discussion
Implementation of currently available prediction models for primary care LRTI patients is hampered by limited assessment of model performance. While considering the role of CVD in LRTI prognosis, we aim to develop and externally validate two models that predict clinically relevant outcomes to aid GPs in clinical decision-making. Challenges that we anticipate include the possibility of low event rates and common problems related to the use of EHR data, such as candidate predictor measurement and missingness, how best to retrieve information from free text fields, and potential misclassification of outcome events.
Daily COVID-19 symptom assessment over 28 days – findings from a daily direct-to-patient registry of COVID-19 positive patients
Authors: Brinkley Emma , Knuth Kendall , Kwon Tom , Mack Christina , Leister-Tebbe Heidi , Bao Weihand , Reynolds Matthew W , Dreyer Nancy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn January 2021, 999 COVID-19 positive adults in the US enrolled in an online, direct-to-patient registry to describe daily symptom severity and progression over 28 days. The most commonly reported and persistent symptoms were fatigue, headache, decreased sense of taste, decreased sense of smell, and cough. Fast resolving symptoms included gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) and those related to fever and chills. While more than half (56%) of patients reported overall symptom improvement during the 28-day study period, 60% of patients were still reporting at least 1 COVID-19 symptom at the end of 28 days. Risk factors for experiencing symptoms for longer duration included at least one of the following: older age (> 60 years), higher BMI, lung disease, and receiving medication for hypertension. The study demonstrates the value of patient-reported data to provide important and timely insights to COVID-19 disease and symptom progression and the potential of using real-world data to inform clinical trial design and endpoints.
Diffusion-weighted imaging compared to dynamic MRI in early response assessment of locoregional therapy (by trans-arterial chemoembolization & microwave ablation) of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Elboghdady Aya Ahmed , Shawky Sarah Ahmed , Zaky Mona Mahmoud 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Purpose of this study is to compare between dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MRI imaging techniques in early response assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transcatheter chemoembolization and microwave ablation.

Methods
Retrospective study was done over a period of 36 months (June 2015–June 2018). The study was conducted on 69 cases; 61 patients were males and 8 were females patients age ranged from 45 to 72 years (median 60). All patients suffered from liver cirrhosis secondary to chronic viral hepatitis. They underwent diffusion-weighted MR imaging and subtraction dynamic MR imaging techniques after trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and microwave ablation (MWA). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and overall agreement were calculated for both the dynamic and the DWI images. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were calculated searching for a cutoff value using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).

Results
Our study results revealed moderate accuracy of diffusion MRI in the diagnosis of complete ablation (no residue) less than that of dynamic and subtraction sequences with 71.43% sensitivity, 88.52% specificity, 83.3% PPV and 79.4% NPV. This is attributed to that diffusion MR study is not able to detect small enhancing tumor foci that appears clearly on dynamic and subtraction MR studies. Also, these results are attributed to false positive results on diffusion study corresponding to liquefactive necrosis with hemorrhagic component post-ablation.

Conclusions
Our study concluded that subtraction and dynamic MRI had more accuracy than diffusion compared to our follow-up results. So combined subtraction dynamic MR study and diffusion is the main technique of early evaluation of post-interventional therapy of HCC to avoid pitfalls of diffusion study.
Interobserver agreement for the Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) in differentiating non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive urinary bladder tumors
Authors: Taha Noha M. , Taha Shohenda M. , Hussein Rasha S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Bladder cancer is the most common tumor of the genitourinary tract. Transitional cell carcinoma is divided into two categories: non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). In spite of the high recurrence rate, NMIBC has good prognosis, while MIBC has poor prognosis due to local organ invasion and metastases. Mp-MRI shows better tumor detection and staging. The aim of this study is to validate VI-RADS in detecting MIBC and assessing interobserver agreement and impact of reader's experience.

Results
At cutoff value of VI-RADS score ≥ 3, the VI-RADS showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of 96.8%,83.3%, 93.8%, 90.9%, and 93%, respectively, for reader 1, 93.5%, 91.7%, 84.6%, and 93% for reader 2, and 96.8%,83.3%, 93.8%, 90.9%, and 93% for reader 3. The interobserver agreement between individual readers was excellent among the three readers.

Conclusions
Vesical imaging-reporting and data system (VI-RADS) is a good method showing satisfactory sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic value for detecting detrusor muscle invasion.
MVA titration by plaque assay using crystal violet staining in DF-1 cells
Authors: Navarro-Forero Santiago , Dsouza Lara , Yang Zhilong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractModified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) is a highly promising vector for generating safe vaccine candidates against many pathogens, such as HIV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza viruses. The gold standard method to titrate MVA involves visualizing MVA plaques in chicken embryo fibroblasts after immunostaining. However, this method is time-consuming and costly. In this study, we evaluated the visualization of MVA plaques formed in continuous chicken embryo fibroblasts DF-1 cells using crystal violet staining. We found that MVA titration by plaque assay using crystal violet staining in DF-1 cells yielded similar results to immunostaining, with substantially reduced time and costs. The MVA plaque assay by crystal violet staining in DF-1 cells is a reliable method with accurate results and low time and financial costs.
Liquid Biopsies for Early Response Evaluation of Radium-223 in Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: de Jong Anouk C. , Isebia Khrystany T. , Ling Sui Wai , de Weerd Vanja , Van Ngoc M. , Kraan Jaco , Martens John W.M. , Mehra Niven , Hamberg Paul , Lolkema Martijn P. , de Wit Ronald , van der Veldt Astrid A.M. , Wilting Saskia M. 
Published: December 2023

PURPOSE Reliable biomarkers for response monitoring during radium-223 treatment in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) are lacking. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), obtained from liquid biopsies, are shown to have prognostic value in mCRPC. The aim of this study was to determine the value of CTCs and ctDNA for response evaluation of radium-223. METHODS In this prospective multicenter study, longitudinal blood draws and imaging were performed in 28 patients with mCRPC and predominantly bone disease, who were treated with radium-223. CTCs were counted (CELLSEARCH CTC test), while fraction of ctDNA was estimated by measuring aneuploidy of cell-free DNA (cfDNA; modified Fast Aneuploidy Screening Test-Sequencing System). CTC counts and aneuploidy score (AS) were categorized as low (<5) and high (≥5). Primary and secondary clinical end points were failure-free survival (FFS), and overall survival (OS) and development of extraosseous metastases, respectively. Additionally, CTC count and AS were related to alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total tumor volume in bone (TTVbone) on positron emission tomography-computed tomography with 68gallium prostate-specific membrane antigen. RESULTS FFS was longer in patients with a low CTC count or AS either at baseline or after 12 weeks, whereas for OS, only a significant association with CTC count was observed. Liquid biopsy results correlated well with ALP and TTVbone at baseline, but not with change in both parameters after three cycles of radium-223. AS and CTC count were significantly correlated. CONCLUSION CTC count and AS of cfDNA at baseline and during treatment predict clinical response to radium-223 in patients with mCRPC, warranting future evaluation of their value in treatment guidance.