bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of polygenic risk scores in the association between chronotype and health risk behaviors
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Shuqin , Xie Yang , Xiao Wan , Xu Huiqiong , Jin Zhengge , Li Ruoyu , Wan Yuhui , Tao Fangbiao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
This study explores the association between chronotypes and adolescent health risk behaviors (HRBs) by testing how genetic background moderates these associations and clarifies the influence of chronotypes and polygenic risk score (PRS) on adolescent HRBs.

Methods
Using VOS-viewer software to select the corresponding data, this study used knowledge domain mapping to identify and develop the research direction with respect to adolescent risk factor type. Next, DNA samples from 264 students were collected for low-depth whole-genome sequencing. The sequencing detected HRB risk loci, 49 single nucleotide polymorphisms based to significant SNP. Subsequently, PRSs were assessed and divided into low, moderate, and high genetic risk according to the tertiles and chronotypes and interaction models were constructed to evaluate the association of interaction effect and clustering of adolescent HRBs. The chronotypes and the association between CLOCK-PRS and HRBs were examined to explore the association between chronotypes and mental health and circadian CLOCK-PRS and HRBs.

Results
Four prominent areas were displayed by clustering information fields in network and density visualization modes in VOS-viewer. The total score of evening chronotypes correlated with high-level clustering of HRBs in adolescents, co-occurrence, and mental health, and the difference was statistically significant. After controlling covariates, the results remained consistent. Three-way interactions between chronotype, age, and mental health were observed, and the differences were statistically significant. CLOCK-PRS was constructed to identify genetic susceptibility to the clustering of HRBs. The interaction of evening chronotypes and high genetic risk CLOCK-PRS was positively correlated with high-level clustering of HRBs and HRB co-occurrence in adolescents, and the difference was statistically significant. The interaction between the sub-dimensions of evening chronotypes and the high genetic CLOCK-PRS risk correlated with the outcome of the clustering of HRBs and HRB co-occurrence.

Conclusions
The interaction of PRS and chronotype and the HRBs in adolescents appear to have an association, and the three-way interaction between the CLOCK-PRS, chronotype, and mental health plays important roles for HRBs in adolescents.
Use of nicotine replacement therapy to reduce children’s exposure to second-hand smoke in the home: a qualitative pilot study involving local community pharmacies
Authors: Howell Rebecca , McBurney Stephen , Di Tano Giovanna , Boags Aileen , Rowa-Dewar Neneh , Dobson Ruaraidh , O’Donnell Rachel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
In Scotland, and in several other countries, most second-hand smoke exposure now occurs in low-income households, where housing constraints and sole parenting often make it harder to create a smoke-free home. This pilot study provided people who smoke with a free 12-week supply of nicotine replacement therapy through local community pharmacies to reduce smoking indoors.

Methods
Twenty-five parents/caregivers who smoked in the home and cared for children at least weekly were recruited via Facebook during the COVID-19 pandemic. Air quality (PM2.5) was monitored in participant homes for seven days before their first pharmacy visit and 12 weeks later. Qualitative interviews (N = 14) were conducted with 13 participants who completed the study and one who withdrew part-way through. The interviews explored views/experiences of using nicotine replacement therapy to help create a smoke-free home. Another participant took part in a shorter telephone discussion at their request, with detailed notes taken by the interviewer, because of their speech disorder.

Results
Three participants reported smoking outdoors only, one of whom subsequently quit smoking. Six participants reported reduced cigarette consumption by 50% in the home, four reported no (sustained) reduction and one reported increased smoking indoors. Self-reported outcomes were not always consistent with PM2.5 readings. Participants’ experiences of accessing nicotine replacement therapy through community pharmacies varied. Some suggested ongoing support to use nicotine replacement products could better assist behavioural change, and that access could be streamlined by posting products to the home. Several suggested that focusing on changing home smoking behaviours using nicotine replacement therapy might facilitate a future quit attempt.

Conclusion
Access to free nicotine replacement therapy for temporary use indoors may support some people who smoke to reduce children’s exposure to second-hand smoke. Our findings confirm the need to modify the intervention before undertaking a definitive trial to assess the effectiveness of this approach. This work is now underway.
Increasing access to palliative care for patients with advanced cancer of African and Latin American descent: a patient-oriented community-based study protocol
Authors: Santos Salas Anna , Watanabe Sharon M. , Sinnarajah Aynharan , Bassah Nahyeni , Huang Fleur , Turner Jill , Alcalde Castro Jacqueline , O’Rourke Hannah M. , Camargo-Plazas Pilar , Salami Bukola , Santana María , Campbell Katy , Abdel-Rahman Omar , Wildeman Tracy , Vaughn Lisa , Judge Harkeert , Ahmed Sadia , Adewale Bisi , Iyiola Iqmat ,   the Patient Advisory Council, Russon Nazret , Godlu Atobrhan , Pardo María Castrellon , Mendez Mendez German , Ramirez Edna , Weldehanna Tibebe , Asfaha Foto , Seyoum Meron , Cameron Brenda , Oladele Bayo , Oladele Yinka 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Cancer disparities are a major public health concern in Canada, affecting racialized communities of Latin American and African descent, among others. This is evident in lower screening rates, lower access to curative, and palliative-intent treatments, higher rates of late cancer diagnoses and lower survival rates than the general Canadian population. We will develop an Access to Palliative Care Strategy informed by health equity and patient-oriented research principles to accelerate care improvements for patients with advanced cancer of African and Latin American descent.

Methods
This is a community-based participatory research study that will take place in two Canadian provinces. Patients and community members representatives have been engaged as partners in the planning and design of the study. We have formed a patient advisory council (PAC) with patient partners to guide the development of the Access to Palliative Care Strategy for people of African and Latin American descent. We will engage100 participants consisting of advanced cancer patients, families, and community members of African and Latin American descent, and health care providers. We will conduct in-depth interviews to delineate participants’ experiences of access to palliative care. We will explore the intersections of race, gender, socioeconomic status, language barriers, and other social categorizations to elucidate their role in diverse access experiences. These findings will inform the development of an action plan to increase access to palliative care that is tailored to our study population. We will then organize conversation series to examine together with community partners and healthcare providers the appropriateness, effectiveness, risks, requirements, and convenience of the strategy. At the end of the study, we will hold knowledge exchange gatherings to share findings with the community.

Discussion
This study will improve our understanding of how patients with advanced cancer from racialized communities in Canada access palliative care. Elements to address gaps in access to palliative care and reduce inequities in these communities will be identified. Based on the study findings a strategy to increase access to palliative care for this population will be developed. This study will inform ways to improve access to palliative care for racialized communities in other parts of Canada and globally.
Post-COVID-19 condition risk in patients with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a retrospective cohort study involving 36,308 patients
Authors: Liu Ting-Hui , Huang Po-Yu , Wu Jheng-Yan , Chuang Min-Hsiang , Hsu Wan-Hsuan , Tsai Ya-Wen , Kao Pei-Hsin , Lai Chih-Cheng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
To date, no studies have investigated the prevalence of post-COVID-19 conditions in patients with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD). Addressing this research gap is crucial, as understanding post-COVID-19 conditions in IDD patients can improve care planning, and it is essential not to overlook this vulnerable population in COVID-19 studies. This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of post-COVID-19 conditions in patients with IDD and compare their risk with that of the general population.

Methods
Using the TriNetX network, we identified patients with and without an IDD who had COVID-19. Subsequently, we compared the risk of developing any post-COVID-19 condition between these two groups, during the 90–180-day follow-up after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Results
During the follow-up, patients with an IDD exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of post-COVID-19 conditions compared to the general population (hazard ratio [HR], 1.120; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.053–1.191). Specifically, COVID-19 survivors with IDD had a significantly increased risk of experiencing abnormal breathing (HR, 1.216; 95% CI: 1.077–1.373), abdominal symptoms (HR, 1.259; 95% CI: 1.128–1.406), fatigue (HR, 1.397; 95% CI: 1.216–1.606), anxiety/depression (HR, 1.157; 95% CI: 1.050–1.274), cognitive symptoms (HR, 1.828; 95% CI: 1.529–2.186), myalgia (HR, 1.325; 95% CI: 1.077–1.631), sleep disturbances (HR, 1.481; 95% CI: 1.148–1.910), and cough (HR, 1.315; 95% CI: 1.146–1.508) compared to the non-IDD group.

Conclusions
Patients with IDD might be associated with a higher risk of post-COVID-19 conditions following SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to the general population.
Socioeconomic representativeness of Australian, Canadian and British cohorts from the paediatric diabetes AdDIT study: comparisons to regional and national data
Authors: Mahmud Farid H. , Clarke Antoine B. M. , Elia Yesmino , Curtis Jacqueline , Benitez-Aguirre Paul , Cameron Fergus J. , Chiesa Scott T. , Clarson Cheril , Couper Jennifer J. , Craig Maria E. , Dalton R. Neil , Daneman Denis , Davis Elizabeth A. , Deanfield John E. , Donaghue Kim C. , Jones Timothy W. , Marshall Sally M. , Neil Andrew , Marcovecchio M. Loredana 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Given limited data regarding the involvement of disadvantaged groups in paediatric diabetes clinical trials, this study aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic representativeness of participants recruited into a multinational clinical trial in relation to regional and national type 1 diabetes reference populations.

Methods
Retrospective, cross-sectional evaluation of a subset of adolescent type 1 diabetes cardiorenal intervention trial (AdDIT) participants from Australia (n = 144), Canada (n = 312) and the UK (n = 173). Validated national measures of deprivation were used: the Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage (IRSD) 2016 (Australia), the Material Resources (MR) dimension of the Canadian Marginalisation index 2016 (Canada) and the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2015 (UK). Representativeness was assessed by comparing the AdDIT cohort’s distribution of deprivation quintiles with that of the local paediatric type 1 diabetes population (regional), and the broader type 1 diabetes population for which the trial’s intervention was targeted (national).

Results
Recruited study cohorts from each country had higher proportions of participants with higher SES, and significant underrepresentation of lower SES, in relation to their national references. The socioeconomic make-up in Australia mirrored that of the regional population (p = 0.99). For Canada, the 2nd least deprived (p = 0.001) and the most deprived quintiles (p < 0.001) were over- and under-represented relative to the regional reference, while the UK featured higher regional and national SES bias with over-representation and under-representation from the least-deprived and most-deprived quintiles (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Significant national differences in trial participation of low SES participants were observed, highlighting limitations in access to clinical research and the importance of reporting sociodemographic representation in diabetes clinical trials.

Trial registration
NCT01581476. Registered on 20 April 2012.
Combined effect of adiposity and elevated inflammation on incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Dan , Lan Yulong , Chen Shuohua , Ding Xiong , Chen Guanzhi , Wu Chutao , Balmer Lois , Xu Wencan , Wu Shouling , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Adiposity and elevated inflammation are two hallmarks of hyperglycemia. However, it is unknown whether clustering of elevated inflammation and adiposity interact act on diabetogenesis and lead to a greater risk for incident type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods
Adiposity was indicated by body mass index, waist circumference and ultrasonography-measured fatty liver degrees. Elevated inflammation was indicated as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels ≥ 2 mg/L. Time-to-event survival analyses were conducted to investigate the joint effect of adiposity and inflammation on incident T2D on both multiplicative and additive scales.

Results
Among 82,172 non-diabetic participants from a prospective cohort in China, 14,278 T2D occurred over a median follow-up of 11 years. In the multivariable-adjusted model, elevated inflammation [1.12 (1.08‒1.16)] and adiposity [1.76 (1.69‒1.83) for overweight/obesity, 1.49 (1.44‒1.55) for central obesity, and 2.02 (1.95‒2.09) for fatty liver] were significantly associated with incident diabetes. Higher adiposity-associated risks and incidence rates of diabetes were observed with elevated inflammation. When studying the joint effect, the adjusted HRs were 1.77 (1.69‒1.85) for overweight/obesity, 1.14 (1.06‒1.23) for elevated inflammation, and 2.08 (1.97‒2.19) for their joint effect, with a relative excess risk due to interaction of 0.17 (0.05‒0.28). The attributable proportions were 71.30% for overweight/obesity, 12.96% for elevated inflammation, and 15.74% for their interaction. Similar results were observed when adiposity was assessed as waist circumference or fatty liver.

Conclusions
Adiposity and elevated inflammation synergically lead to greater risks of incident diabetes than addition of each individual exposure. Strategies simultaneously targeting both risks should produce more benefits for diabetes prevention than through initiatives directed at each separate risk.
Using geographic rescue time contours, point-of-care strategies, and spatial care paths to prepare island communities for global warming, rising oceans, and weather disasters
Authors: Kost Gerald J. , Füzéry Anna K. , Caratao Louie Kim R. , Tinsay Samantha , Zadran Amanullah , Ybañez Adrian P. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To perform geographic contour analysis of sea and land ambulance rescue times in an archipelago subject to super typhoons; to design point-of-care testing strategies for medical emergencies and weather disasters made more intense by global warming and rising oceans; and to assess needs for prehospital testing on spatial care paths that accelerate decision making, increase efficiency, improve outcomes, and enhance standards of care in island nations.

Methods
We performed needs assessments, inspected healthcare facilities, and collected ambulance rescue times from professionals in the Bantayan Archipelago, Philippines. We mapped sea/land ambulance rescue routes and time contours. To reveal gaps, we statistically compared the fastest and slowest patient rescue times from islands/islets and barangays to the District Hospital on Bantayan Island. We developed spatial care paths (the fastest routes to care) for acute myocardial infarction, community care, and infectious diseases. We generated a compendium of prehospital diagnostic testing and integrated outcomes evidence, diagnostic needs, and public health goals to recommend point-of-care strategies that build geographic health resilience.

Results
We observed limited access to COVID-19 assays, absence of blood gas/pH testing for critical care support, and spatial gaps in land and airborne rescues that worsened during inclement weather and sea swells. Mean paired differences (slowest-fastest) in ambulance rescue times to the District Hospital for both islands and barangays were significant (P < 0.0001). Spatial care path analysis showed where point-of-care cardiac troponin testing should be implemented for expedited care of acute myocardial infarction. Geospatial strengths comprised distributed primary care that can be facilitated by point-of-care testing, logical interisland transfers for which decision making and triage could be accelerated with onboard diagnostics, and healthcare networks amenable to medical advances in prehospital testing that accelerate treatment.

Conclusions
Point-of-care testing should be positioned upstream close to homes and island populations that have prolonged rescue time contours. Geospatially optimized point-of-need diagnostics and distributed prehospital testing have high potential to improve outcomes. These improvements will potentially decrease disparities in mortality among archipelago versus urban dwellers, help improve island public health, and enhance resilience for increasingly adverse and frequent climate change weather disasters that impact vulnerable coastal areas. [350 words].
Antibiotic resistance profiles and associated factors of Pseudomonas Infections among patients admitted to large tertiary care hospital from a developing country
Authors: Shbaita Sara , Abatli Safaa , Sweileh Mamoun W. , Aiesh Banan M , Sabateen Ali , Salameh Husam T. , AbuTaha Adham , Zyoud Sa’ed H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Pseudomonas infections are among the most common infections encountered in hospitalized patients, especially those with chronic illnesses or an immunocompromised state. Management of these infections has become challenging due to increased antibiotic resistance. Therefore, this study examines the antibiotic resistance profiles of Pseudomonas spp. and the associated factors among patients admitted to a large tertiary hospital in a developing country.

Methods
This retrospective observational chart review study assessed patients admitted to a large tertiary hospital in a developing country with a positive culture growth of Pseudomonas from anybody site. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated Pseudomonas and patient characteristics were studied from the start of 2021 to the end of 2022. The study ground consisted of 185 patients.

Results
The study included 185 patients with positive Pseudomonas isolates. Males constituted 54.6% of the sample, while 45.4% were females. The median age of the patients was 53 years. Patient comorbidities and risk factors for Pseudomonas infection and multidrug resistance were assessed. Antibiotic resistance to the Pseudomonas regimens showed the highest resistance to meropenem and ciprofloxacin (23.4%, similarly) among isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was found in 108 (58.4%) isolates. The most commonly used antibiotic for treatment was piperacillin-tazobactam, accounting for 33.3% of cases, followed by aminoglycosides at 26.6%.

Conclusions
Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were resistant to meropenem and ciprofloxacin. Over half of the isolates were multidrug-resistant, which was worrying. Piperacillin-tazobactam and aminoglycosides were the most often utilized antibiotics, highlighting the significance of susceptibility testing. Implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs and infection control measures can help reduce drug resistance and improve outcomes in Pseudomonas infections.
Classification and treatment strategy for Moyamoya disease-related aneurysms
Authors: Hu Yangchun , Wang Xiaojian , Li Chao , Zhao Liang , Luo Jing , Ye Lei , Cheng Baochun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a cerebrovascular disorder characterized by progressive unilateral or bilateral stenosis of the distal internal carotid artery. As hemodynamic features in MMD patients alter, the comorbidity of intracranial aneurysm (IA) is sometimes observed clinically. We aim to investigate clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies for the comorbidity of Moyamoya disease with intracranial aneurysms (MMD-IA).

Methods
A total of 13 MMD-IA patients were recruited in this study and were manifested to be intracranial hemorrhage. We reviewed the surgical technique notes for all patients.

Results
According to the locations of an aneurysm, MMD-IA could be divided into several categories: (1) MMD-IA at a circle of Willis—aneurysms usually located at the trunk of Willis circle; (2) MMD-IA at collateral anastomosis—aneurysms located at the distal end of collateral anastomosis; and (3) MMA-IA at basal ganglia region. In this report, aneurysms in 10 patients located at Willis circle, 2 at the pericallosal artery, and 1 at the basal ganglia region. Among them, endovascular embolism was performed among 5 patients. Aneurysm clipping was conducted among 7 patients. A patient with an aneurysm at the basal ganglia region just accepted revascularization treatment. All the treatments were successful. Follow-up studies, ranging from 6 to 24 months, demonstrated all patients received satisfactory curative effects.

Conclusion
Diverse clinical presentations could be observed among MMD-IA patients. Individualized neurosurgical treatments should be chosen according to the locations of the aneurysm.
Harmonic control method for multiple driving cycles of EMU based on improved C-type filter
Authors: Zhang Haigang , Zhou Haoqiang , Zhao Decheng , Zeng Song , Wang Zizhuo , Zhu Jianpeng , Wang Bulai , Zou Jinbai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor traction substation (TS), the harmonic current spectrum distribution of the left and right power supply sections has a large difference under different EMU operating conditions. This phenomenon will further affect the harmonic distribution of the entire traction power supply system and has the risk of harmonic distortion. At the same time, it may also cause interference to the communication line. In this paper, the transient direct current control technology is used to realize the converter of EMU, and then the TS side harmonic model under regenerative braking condition is realized. The harmonic problem, control process, and negative sequence problem caused by locomotive traction braking on the TS side under various working conditions are analyzed in detail. After connecting the C-type filter to the traction network side of the system, the THD (total harmonic distortion) is within the standard range, while the negative sequence problem of the system has worsened. Therefore, the parameters of the filter were optimized to improve both harmonics and negative sequence problems by combining the negative sequence characteristics under various operating conditions. The results show that the improved treatment can effectively control the harmonic problem.