bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change of bilirubin photoisomers in the urine and serum before and after phototherapy compared with light source
Authors: Okada Hitoshi , Masuya Kumiko , Kurono Yuki , Nagano Keiko , Okubo Kensuke , Yasuda Saneyuki , Kawasaki Ayako , Kawada Kou , Kusaka Takashi , Namba Masanori , Nishida Tomoko , Imai Tadashi , Isobe Kenichi , Itoh Susumu 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background
: The clinical effect of phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is based on the production and elimination of cyclobilirubin. Generally, the clinical effect of light sources is estimated by the reduction in the total serum bilirubin level. One procedure with less invasiveness than blood collecting is urine collection. Whether the effectiveness of light sources used for phototherapy could be assessed using measurements of bilirubin photoisomers in urine was studied.
Methods
: This study was a retrospective analysis of 38 term infants with hyperbilirubinemia who underwent phototherapy. Bilirubin fractions in serum and urine before and 24 h after the phototherapy were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The light sources used for the phototherapy were blue‐white light (n = 11), Biliblanket plus high output (n = 13) or green light (n = 14). The relationships between serum and urine bilirubin photoisomers after phototherapy and whether the levels of urine bilirubin photoisomer are affected by the light sources with different wavelength characteristic were analyzed.
Results
: There was no correlation between serum (ZE)‐bilirubin and urine configurational isomers, but a weak positive correlation between serum (EZ)‐cyclobilirubin and urine structural isomers after phototherapy. Although serum (ZE)‐bilirubin levels depended on the wavelength characteristic of each light source during phototherapy, the urine configurational isomer levels did not depend on it. The increase in serum (EZ)‐cyclobilirubin levels and the urine structural isomer levels were mostly in agreement.
Conclusions
: The urine bilirubin structural isomers may be used to estimate the serum (EZ)‐cyclobilirubin levels and to evaluate the clinical effects of light sources.
Oral iron supplementation in preterm infants treated with erythropoietin
Authors: Fujiu Toru , Maruyama Kenichi , Koizumi Takenobu 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background
: It is not known whether a moderate dose of oral iron supplementation would further enhance erythropoiesis in recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO)‐treated very low‐birthweight (VLBW) infants.
Methods
: In total, 24 preterm infants with birthweights 750–1499 g were enrolled at the age of 14–28 days to receive 400 IU/kg per week EPO subcutaneously for 8 weeks. The infants were randomly allocated either to receive oral iron supplementation 4 mg/kg per day or to serve as controls.
Results
: Hemoglobin and the absolute reticulocyte count in the iron supplementation and the control groups remained identical throughout the study period, whereas serum ferritin was significantly lower in the control group at study exit and follow up. Rates of treatment success (no need for transfusion and hemoglobin never below 8 g/dL) also did not differ between the groups.
Conclusions
: In this study we did not find a clear advantage in a moderate dose of oral iron supplementation on erythropoiesis in EPO‐treated VLBW infants. Whether a higher dose would lead to enhanced erythropoiesis remains to be answered.
Long‐term expressed human α‐Galactosidase A in tissues of HαG transgenic mice
Authors: Hoshikawa Masahiro , Kase Ryoichi , Tadokoro Mamoru , Sakuraba Hitoshi , Sakiyama Takeshi 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background
: Human alpha‐galactosidase A (hαG) is an essential lysosomal enzyme in catalyzing the hydrolysis of ceramide trihexoside in humans. Effects have been directed to develop effective gene and replacement therapies for the deficiency of hαG, Fabry disease. In recent years, hαG transgenic mice (TGM) have been established, and the expression of hαG in their general organs has been reported. However, detailed distribution of the cells expressing hαG have not yet been defined.
Methods
: The distribution of hαG in organs of the hαG‐TGM was studied by means of immunohistochemistry and enzyme assay.
Results
: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a systematic hαG expression in the TGM, including endothelial cells of the bone marrow, liver, spleen, pancreas, lungs, uriniferous tubules in the kidneys, and choroids plexus in the brain. Enzyme assay demonstrated a persistent expression of hαG in the TGM during 14–20 months after birth.
Conclusion
: A long‐term expression of hαG in organs may indicate hαG‐TGM as a useful tool in the research of gene and replacement therapies for Fabry disease.
Unreliable residual volume measurement after increased water load diuresis
Authors: ALIVIZATOS GERASIMOS , SKOLARIKOS ANDREAS , ALBANIS STEPHANOS , FERAKIS NIKOS , MITROPOULOS DIONYSIOS 
Published: December 2004

Abstract  Background  The aim of the present study was to examine whether increased water load intake prior to ultrasound examination of the lower urinary tract, affects the measurement of postvoid residual urine volume.Patients and methods  Ninety four male patients with postvoid residual volumes after increased water load diuresis of more than 100 mL (PVR1) were included in the present study. All patients underwent a second PVR measurement by an urologist with a portable transabdominal bladder ultrasound scan without having received an increased water load (PVR2). A comparison of the measurements was performed and the PVR values were also correlated with other parameters, such as age, International Prostate Symptom Score, prostate volume and serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) values.Results:  Postvoid residual urine volume after increased water load diuresis (PVR1) differed from that recorded after normal bladder filling and voiding at first desire (PVR2), with the former being larger than the later in every patient (P < 0.001). The PVR values, PVR1 and PVR2, were independent to patient age, symptom score prostate volume and PSA value.Conclusions  Measurement of postvoid residual volume in a relaxed patient, who voids at first desire, represents everyday life and should be the correct method of testing.
Radio‐frequency ablation of renal cell carcinoma in patients who were at significant risk
Authors: UKIMURA OSAMU , KAWAUCHI AKIHIRO , FUJITO AKIRA , MIZUTANI YOICHI , OKIHARA KOJI , MIKAMI KAZUYA , SOH JINTETSU , NAKAMURA TERUKAZU , NAKANISHI HIROYUKI , USHIJIMA SO , MIKI TSUNEHARU 
Published: December 2004

Abstract  Objective:  Although radio‐frequency ablation (RFA) has been recently applied as a minimally invasive treatment option for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), indication of this modality remains a critical issue due to the lack of complete tumor destruction as well as the uncertainty of its long‐term efficacy. We report the efficacy of RFA for nine carefully selected patients with RCC who had significant reason to avoid invasive surgical treatment under general anesthesia.Methods:  Radio‐frequency ablation was performed under epidural or local anesthesia by ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) guidance in nine patients with biopsy proven RCC (mean diameter, 38 mm; range, 20–53 mm), who were at significant operative or anesthetic risk for invasive surgery. Follow‐up enhanced CT scans or magnetic resonance images were evaluated every 3–6 months and an evaluation of metastasis was performed every 6 months.Results:  At a mean follow‐up of 17 months, seven (78%) of the nine patients with renal tumor showed no tumor enhancement. The renal function of all patients was well preserved. All patients were able to continue undergoing their respective treatments for active diseases in other organs in parallel to the RFA treatment. No distant metastasis, urine leakage were reported and one case of temporary hematuria and one case of peri‐renal hemorrhage not requiring blood transfusion were encountered. Intra‐operative ultrasonography was useful in the real‐time monitoring of the minimally excessive extension of ablation into the normal parenchyma.Conclusion:  Radio‐frequency ablation appears to be an effective and safe minimally invasive therapeutic option for selected patients with RCC who have reason to avoid invasive surgery under general anesthesia.
A national retinal screening programme for diabetes in Scotland
Authors: Leese G. P. , Morris A. D. , Olson J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe Health Technology Board Scotland (HTBS) have issued recommendations for eye screening in patients with diabetes. These are based on evidence‐based clinical studies. Evidence‐based studies do not answer all the practical issues, and some conclusions have thus been extrapolated from the known evidence base. Other factors such as patient issues, organizational issues and cost effectiveness have also been incorporated into the recommendations. HTBS recommend single‐field digital retinal photography. Retinal photography best addresses the issues of adequate sensitivity and accountable quality assurance. Non‐mydriatic photography is recommended, followed by immediate use of dilating eye drops if it is unsuccessful, followed by slit‐lamp examination if both of these approaches fail. An independent grading scheme has been established, which is similar to the ‘Global’, and compatible with the National Screening Committee (NSC) grading scheme. The rationale for these recommendations, and debate behind some of the decisions, is laid out in this article.
Tale of two churches: differential impact of a church‐based diabetes control programme among Pacific Islands people in New Zealand
Authors: Simmons D. , Voyle J. A. , Fou F. , Feo S. , Leakehe L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAims  To compare the impact on weight and exercise of a 2‐year church‐based diabetes risk reduction programme in four churches in South Auckland, New Zealand.Methods  A prospective non‐randomized controlled study of a modular lifestyle and diabetes awareness intervention programme applying community development principles. The study involved four complete church congregations, two Samoan and two Tongan, with 516 participants at commencement. Risk of Type 2 diabetes is high among both ethnic groups.Results  Overall, 285 subjects were available for their second assessment. In one intervention church, weight gain was controlled (vs. control 0 ± 4.8 vs. +3.1 ± 9.8 kg, respectively; P = 0.05), diabetes knowledge (+46 ± 26% vs. +4 ± 17%; P < 0.001) and regular exercise (at least 3 days per week: +22% vs. −8%; P = 0.032) increased and readiness to change weight (P = 0.007) shifted towards maintenance (e.g. maintenance +41% vs. +8%, respectively). The other intervention church increased diabetes knowledge (+19 ± 24 vs. +8 ± 25; P < 0.024), but no other significant personal changes occurred. Attendance and perceived utility of the programme were greater in the first intervention church.Conclusions  A moderate intensity, community‐based, structured diabetes awareness and lifestyle programme can reduce diabetes risk, but increasing diabetes knowledge alone is not necessarily associated with healthier lifestyle choices. Continuous and detailed monitoring of penetration of interventions may be essential to help guide the timing of interventions and identify the need for additional strategies to increase participation and motivation.Diabet. Med. 21, 122–128 (2004)
The New Zealand Diabetes Passport Study: a randomized controlled trial of the impact of a diabetes passport on risk factors for diabetes‐related complications
Authors: Simmons D. , Gamble G. D. , Foote S. , Cole D. R. , Coster G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAims  To assess the efficacy (change in HbA1c) of a patient‐held communication, self‐empowerment and educational device for people with diabetes (the New Zealand Diabetes Passport) in patients with poor glycaemic control.Research design and methods  A 12‐month, multicentre, general practice‐based randomized controlled trial in urban, provincial and rural New Zealand involving 398 people with poorly controlled Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. The intervention included a specifically designed and piloted New Zealand Diabetes Passport including information relating to diabetes knowledge, self‐assessments, and guidance concerning how to engage with diabetes health professionals. The primary end point was change in HbA1c. Assessments were made at 0, 6 and 12 months.Results  Two hundred and twenty‐two patients received the Passport, 176 the control booklet, coming from 69 and 66 general practitioners, respectively. Use of the Passport was associated with a relative reduction in HbA1c of 0.4% (P = 0.017) and a relative increase in weight of 1.0 kg/m2 (P = 0.028), but no changes in diabetes knowledge, attitudes to diabetes or risk factors for diabetic tissue damage.Conclusions  The dissemination of the New Zealand Diabetes Passport, in isolation, was not associated with improvements in either diabetes knowledge or self‐empowerment. While a small improvement in glycaemic control occurred, this was probably due to changes in insulin therapy in the intervention group. It is possible that linking the use of the Passport with other behavioural and educational interventions may make the Passport more useful. Further study is required to confirm the effect of such multifaceted interventions.
Hospital outcome of acute myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes mellitus
Authors: Otter W. , Kleybrink S. , Doering W. , Standl E. , Schnell O. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAims  To assess hospital mortality and morbidity in diabetic and non‐diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction and to compare the results between the two groups.Methods  All patients admitted in 1999 to the intensive care unit of the Schwabing City Hospital with diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction were assessed for hospital mortality and co‐morbidity.Results  Three hundred and thirty patients with acute myocardial infarction were admitted. Of those, 126 (38%) were diabetic and 204 (62%) were non‐diabetic patients. Mortality within 24 h after admission was 13.5% in diabetic patients and 5.4% in non‐diabetic patients (P < 0.01). Mortality during entire hospitalization was higher in diabetic than in non‐diabetic patients (29.4% vs. 16.2%; P = 0.004). Diabetic patients were resuscitated more frequently than non‐diabetic patients (24% vs. 11%, P < 0.01). In diabetic patients, heart rate at admission was increased (91 ± 27 vs. 82 ± 23/min; P < 0.01) and presence of angina pectoris was reported less frequently (59% (n = 72) vs. 82% (n = 167); P < 0.001). Preceding myocardial infarction, microalbuminuria, peripheral artery disease and arterial hypertension were more frequent in diabetic than in non‐diabetic patients. Diabetic patients demonstrated higher C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels than non‐diabetic patients (91.4 ± 78.2 mg/l vs. 45.2 ± 62.4 mg/l; P < 0.001).Conclusions  In diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction, early hospital mortality is increased and signs of cardiac autonomic dysfunction and microangiopathy are detected more frequently than in non‐diabetic patients. The need for advanced treatment strategies early in the course of diabetic patients with myocardial infarction is emphasized.Diabet. Med. 21, 183–187 (2004)
Coronary heart disease risk assessment in diabetes mellitus: comparison of UKPDS risk engine with Framingham risk assessment function and its clinical implications
Authors: Song S. H. , Brown P. M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAims  To assess differences between absolute coronary heart disease (CHD) risks calculated by Joint British Societies (JBS) risk calculator and UKPDS risk engine and its impact on CHD primary prevention management in diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods  Seven hundred Type 2 DM patients without arterial complications were identified from nine general practices in the Scarborough area. Their absolute 10‐year CHD risks were calculated. The differences in the proportion of patients identified for aspirin and statin under JBS and National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines by these two methods were determined. The proportion of additional patients identified for statin in the Scarborough population as a consequence of CHD risk threshold reduction from 30 to 15% (as recommended by NICE) was also determined.Results  UKPDS risk engine calculated significantly higher mean 10‐year CHD risk (UKPDS vs. JBS, 21.5 vs. 18.3%, P < 0.0001). Both methods identified approximately 65% of patients to be eligible for aspirin and statin if NICE recommendations were followed. At a risk threshold of 30%, the UKPDS risk engine identified more patients for statin. Reducing the CHD risk threshold from 30 to 15% for statin initiation will identify an additional 0.5% of the total population for this treatment.Conclusions  Both methods are comparable in identifying at‐risk patients under NICE recommendations. A high proportion has risk levels that merits primary CHD prevention. Lowering the risk threshold for statin treatment has a small numerical impact on the whole population.
The effects of smoking and its cessation on 8‐epi‐PGF2α and transforming growth factor‐beta 1 in Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Flores L. , Vidal M. , Abian J. , Cases A. , Campistol J. Ma. , Clària J. , Lario S. , Esmatjes E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground  Oxidative stress and transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) are associated with diabetic complications, and smoking is a risk factor.Aims  This study aimed (i) to compare urinary 8‐epi‐PGF2α and plasma and urinary TGF‐β1 levels obtained in heavy smokers with Type 1 diabetes with those observed in age‐matched non‐smoker patients with Type 1 diabetes and controls, and (ii) to investigate the effects of smoking cessation (SC) on the above‐mentioned parameters in patients with Type 1 diabetes.Methods and results  Compared with control subjects (n = 12), non‐smoker diabetic patients (n = 12) presented higher values of urinary 8‐epi‐PGF2α (74.2 ± 29.6 vs. 29.6 ± 11.1 pg/mg urinary creatinine, P = 0.01), plasma TGF‐β1 (7.7 ± 4.7 vs. 3.6 ± 1.7 ng/ml, P = 0.001) and urinary TGF‐β1 (15.3 ± 6.3 vs. 8.1 ± 4.4 ng/mg urinary creatinine, P = 0.02). Compared with non‐smoker diabetic patients, smoker diabetic patients (n = 16) showed higher levels of urinary 8‐epi‐PGF2α (107.8 ± 40.2 vs. 74.2 ± 29.6 pg/mg urinary creatinine, P = 0.0001), plasma TGF‐β1 (12.6 ± 4.9 vs. 7.7 ± 4.7 ng/ml, P = 0.001) and urinary TGF‐β1 (27.5 ± 16.0 vs. 15.3 ± 6.3 ng/mg urinary creatinine, P = 0.01). Smoker patients were included in a smoking cessation programme. In the 10 patients that gave up smoking there was a reduction of urinary 8‐epi‐PGF2α (basal: 110.47 ± 47.0 vs. week 12: 73.2 ± 25.6; P < 0.001), plasma TGF‐β1 (basal: 11.2 ± 5.9 vs. week 12: 4.89 ± 2.25; P < 0.01) and urinary TGF‐β1 (basal: 18.12 ± 9.27 vs. week 12: 10.32 ± 2.0; P < 0.01) levels.Conclusions  In patients with Type 1 diabetes, smoking increased oxidative stress, evaluated by lipid peroxidation, and TGF‐β1 production. Smoking cessation decreased these parameters, providing additional support to encourage diabetic patients to give up smoking.
Young children with autism show atypical brain responses to fearful versus neutral facial expressions of emotion
Authors: Dawson Geraldine , Webb Sara J. , Carver Leslie , Panagiotides Heracles , McPartland James 
Published: December 2004

AbstractEvidence suggests that autism is associated with impaired emotion perception, but it is unknown how early such impairments are evident. Furthermore, most studies that have assessed emotion perception in children with autism have required verbal responses, making results difficult to interpret. This study utilized high‐density event‐related potentials (ERPs) to investigate whether 3–4‐year‐old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show differential brain activity to fear versus neutral facial expressions. It has been shown that normal infants as young as 7 months of age show differential brain responses to faces expressing different emotions. ERPs were recorded while children passively viewed photos of an unfamiliar woman posing a neutral and a prototypic fear expression. The sample consisted of 29 3–4‐year‐old children with ASD and 22 chronological age‐matched children with typical development. Typically developing children exhibited a larger early negative component (N300) to the fear than to the neutral face. In contrast, children with ASD did not show the difference in amplitude of this early ERP component to the fear versus neutral face. For a later component, typically developing children exhibited a larger negative slow wave (NSW) to the fear than to the neutral face, whereas children with autism did not show a differential NSW to the two stimuli. In children with ASD, faster speed of early processing (i.e. N300 latency) of the fear face was associated with better performance on tasks assessing social attention (social orienting, joint attention and attention to distress). These data suggest that children with ASD, as young as 3 years of age, show a disordered pattern of neural responses to emotional stimuli.
The development of complex sentence interpretation in typically developing children compared with children with specific language impairments or early unilateral focal lesions
Authors: Dick Frederic , Wulfeck Beverly , Krupa‐Kwiatkowski Magda , Bates Elizabeth 
Published: December 2004

Abstract This study compared sentence comprehension skills in typically developing children 5–17 years of age, children with language impairment (LI) and children with focal brain injuries (FL) acquired in the pre/perinatal period. Participants were asked to process sentences ‘on‐line’, choosing the agent in sentences that varied in syntactic complexity (actives, passives, subject clefts and object clefts), and in the presence or absence of a subject‐verb agreement contrast. Results revealed that accuracy and processing speeds vary with syntactic complexity in all groups, reflecting the frequency and regularity of sentence types. Developmental changes continued throughout childhood, as children became faster and more accurate at processing more complex sentence structures. Children with LI and children with FL were quite profoundly delayed, displaying profiles similar to, or more impaired than those of younger children, but there was no evidence in the FL group for a disadvantage in left‐ vs. right‐hemisphere‐damaged children. Children with LI showed one unique pattern: higher than normal costs (reflected in reaction times) in using converging information from subject‐verb agreement, in line with studies suggesting special vulnerabilities in grammatical morphology in this group. Results are discussed in terms of the Competition Model, a theory of language processing designed to account for the statistical changes in performance that are observed during development, and the probabilistic deficits in children with language impairments.