bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Azo dyes containing a hydrazide-hydrazone moiety for dyeing polyester fabric
Authors: Ali Ali A. , Ismail Mostafa A. , Elgammal Walid E. , Belal Amany , Obaidullah Ahmed J. , Khalil Ali Kh. , Elhagali Gameel A. M. , El-Gaby Mohamed S. A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Novel azo dyes containing a hydrazide-hydrazone moiety linked to the benzothiazole nucleus are synthesized effectively in this study. The primary purpose of the study was to identify the best dyeing parameters, such as shade, temperature, pH, and time, in order to better understand the behaviour of dispersed dyes during polyester dyeing. To achieve excellent colour strength in value (K/S = 26), the ideal dyeing conditions for disperse dye 4 were 30 min, pH of 8, and 110 °C at shade 3%. While the ideal dyeing conditions for disperse dyes dye 10 and dye 11 were 30 min, pH of 2, and 130 °C at a shade of 3%. Depending on the coupler moieties, the coloured polyester samples ranged in hue from beige to dark brown. Furthermore, the impact of substituent’s was examined in relation to colour strength (K/S) measures and colourimetric coordinates (CIEL*a*b*) of dyed polyester fabrics. The synthesized dispersed dyes are good options for giving polyester textiles a variety of stable hues and very good colour strength as well as exceptional fastness to light, washing, and crocking.
ECG heartbeat classification using progressive moving average transform
Authors: Mokhtari Rabah , Brahim Belhouari Samir , Kassoul Khelil , Hocini Abderraouf 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper presents the Progressive Moving Average Transform (PMAT), a novel signal transformation method for converting time-domain signals into 2D representations by progressively computing Moving Averages (MAs) with varying window sizes. The approach aims to enhance signal analysis and classification, particularly in the context of heartbeat classification. Our approach integrates PMAT with a 2D-Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model for the classification of ECG heartbeat signals. The 2D-CNN model is employed to extract meaningful features from the transformed 2D representations and classify them efficiently. To assess the effectiveness of our approach, we conducted extensive simulations utilizing three widely-used databases: the MIT-BIH database and the INCART database, chosen to cover a wide range of heartbeats. Our experiments involved classifying more than 6 heartbeat types grouped into three main classes. Results indicate high accuracy and F1-scores, with 99.09% accuracy and 92.13% F1-score for MIT-BIH, and 98.37% accuracy and 79.37% F1-score for INCART. Notably, the method demonstrates robustness when trained on one database and tested on another, achieving accuracy rates exceeding 95% in both cases. Specifically, the method achieves 96% accuracy when trained on MIT-BIH and tested on the ST-T European database. These findings underscore the effectiveness and stability of the proposed approach in accurately classifying heartbeats across different datasets, suggesting its potential for practical implementation in medical diagnostics and healthcare systems.
Effectiveness of aspirin in preventing deep vein thrombosis following proximal femoral fracture surgery in Japan
Authors: Ohmori Takao , Toda Kazukiyo , Taoka Takuya , Ishihara Takeshi , Ito Yasuo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that aspirin is effective as a prophylactic agent against venous thromboembolism (VTE) following proximal femoral fractures (PFF). In Japan, there is a lack of evidence regarding its efficacy and safety in this context. Consequently, aspirin is not covered by insurance for the prevention of venous thrombosis. This study aimed to investigate whether continued aspirin use in patients with PFF, who were already taking aspirin for cerebrovascular disease prevention before injury is effective as a prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). We retrospectively analyzed PFF patients (≥ 65 years) who underwent postoperative duplex ultrasonography from January 2010 to December 2023.The study compared patients taking aspirin alone (aspirin group) and those not taking antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants (control group), matched by propensity scores. We enrolled 1064 patients while 161 (15%) were in the aspirin group. After matching, 128 patients were analyzed. DVT incidence was not statistically significant between the aspirin (54) and control groups (60) (OR: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.49- 1.36; p = 0.44). Proximal DVT incidence was also similar (OR: 2; 95%CI: 0.50–7.00; p = 0.33). Additionally, since use of other postoperative antithrombotic prophylaxis (78%) is thought to have a significant impact on the incidence of DVT, a subgroup analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of aspirin in patients who did not receive postoperative antithrombotic prophylaxis. Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference in either DVT (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 0.55–3.42; p = 0.49) or proximal DVT (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 0.37–10.92; p = 0.42). This study demonstrates that aspirin is not effective for preventing VTE in patients with PFF in Japan.
Green remediation of lead (pb) from Pb-toxic soil by combined use of silicon nanomaterials and leguminous Lens culinaris L. plants
Authors: Naz Tayyaba , Iqbal Muhammad Mazhar , Raza Bilal , Mubeen Muhammad Asad , Nadeem Muhammad Ather , Al-Ghamdi Abdullah Ahmed , Elshikh Mohamed S , Rizwan Muhammad , Iqbal Rashid 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Lead (Pb) toxicity is a major issue due to anthropogenic activities that is faced by farmers nowadays which inhibits plant growth and decreases crop yields. From contaminated soils, Pb absorbed by the plants and then ultimately enters into the food chain. Silicon (Si) can reduce Pb availability to plants and can be helpful in Pb immobilization in the soils. Moreover, Si in its nano-form, is expected to augment the beneficial attributes of applied Si. However, very little is known regarding the prospects of nano-Si application and leguminous lentil for alleviating the effects of Pb stress. To assess the effectiveness of bulk Si and nano-Si for reducing Pb toxicity and improving the yield of lentils, a pot study was conducted. Lentil variety Punjab Masoor 2020 was examined under normal and Pb toxic conditions as affected by applied Si and nano-Si. There were eight treatments comprised of different combinations of Si at 100 and 200 mg Si kg− 1 soil, and nano-Si at 125 mg kg− 1 soil, which were tested against Pb at 500 mg kg− 1 soil. A completely randomized design with factorial arrangements was applied along with three replications each. The result showed that Pb toxicity reduced the plant growth, yield, total chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, relative water content, shoot fresh weight and dry weights of lentil. Whereas Si and nano-Si lessened the negative effect of Pb toxicity by significantly reducing its concentration in plant roots and shoot, and improved agro-physiological traits of lentil in normal and Pb-toxic soil conditions. In soil spiked with 500 mg kg− 1 Pb, the application of 100 and 200 mg bulk Si per kg of soil and 125 mg kg− 1 nano-Si reduced the Pb concentration in shoot by 31, 62 and 84% respectively over controls. In squat, the application of nano-Si most significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced the root and shoot Pb concentration in lentil.
Assessment of different genotyping markers and algorithms for distinguishing Plasmodium falciparum recrudescence from reinfection in Uganda
Authors: Mwesigwa Alex , Golumbeanu Monica , Jones Sam , Cantoreggi Sara L. , Musinguzi Benson , Nankabirwa Joaniter I. , Bikaitwoha Everd Maniple , Kalyango Joan N , Karamagi Charles , Plucinski Mateusz , Nsobya Samuel L. , Nsanzabana Christian , Byakika-Kibwika Pauline 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Antimalarial therapeutic efficacy studies are vital for monitoring drug efficacy in malaria-endemic regions. The WHO recommends genotyping polymorphic markers including msp-1, msp-2, and glurp for distinguishing recrudescences from reinfections. Recently, WHO proposed replacing glurp with microsatellites (Poly-α, PfPK2, TA1). However, suitable combinations with msp-1 and msp-2, as well as the performance of different algorithms for classifying recrudescence, have not been systematically assessed. This study investigated various microsatellites alongside msp-1 and msp-2 for molecular correction and compared different genotyping algorithms across three sites in Uganda. Microsatellites 313, Poly-α, and 383 exhibited the highest diversity, while PfPK2 and Poly-α revealed elevated multiplicity of infection (MOI) across all sites. The 3/3 match-counting algorithm classified significantly fewer recrudescences than both the ≥ 2/3 and Bayesian algorithms at probability cutoffs of ≥ 0.7 and ≥ 0.8 (P < 0.05). The msp-1/msp-2/2490 combination identified more recrudescences using the ≥ 2/3 and 3/3 algorithms in the artemether-lumefantrine (AL) treatment arm, while msp-1/msp-2/glurp combination classified more cases of recrudescence using the ≥ 2/3 in the dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) arm. Microsatellites PfPK2 and Poly-α, potentially sensitive to detecting minority clones, are promising replacements for glurp. Discrepancies in recrudescence classification between match-counting and Bayesian algorithms highlight the need for standardized PCR correction practices.
5G‐coded fluid antenna multiple access over block fading channels
Authors: Hong Hanjiang , Wong Kai‐Kit , Tong Kin‐Fai , Xu Hao , Li Haoyang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFluid antenna multiple access (FAMA) is a concept capable of massive connectivity on the same physical channel without the need of precoding or interference cancellation, by exploiting a super‐high dimensional received signal in the spatial domain from fluid antenna system (FAS). This letter investigates the use of 5G New Radio (NR) Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS) for FAMA systems to improve its connectivity over block fading channels. In particular, an iterative decoding receiver with iterative interference covariance estimation is proposed, designed explicitly for slow fading channels. Extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart is used to analyze the performance of the proposed iterative receiver. Both EXIT chart analysis and numerical results indicate that the proposed receiver outperforms the existing approach that uses fixed covariance in block fading channels. Also, the results indicate that coded FAMA can serve 100 user terminals (UTs) at the rate of 0.5 bit/s/Hz under rich scattering.
High importance feature selection and DV‐OSR‐QSED strategy for open‐set recognition
Authors: Xu Tong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA significant challenge in the domain of anti‐drone warfare is the identification of enemies or own aircraft through the analysis of data broadcast by drones (e.g. ADS‐B). This issue can be conceptualized as an open set recognition (OSR) problem. This paper proposes a DV‐OSR‐QSED framework for the purpose of data visualization‐based OSR (DV‐OSR). Phase‐based 2D high‐importance features are extracted, the DV‐OSR framework is designed and mapped to 2D, and the 5th and 95th quantile selection‐Euclidean distance (QSED) strategy is proposed. Experiments show that by using the proposed framework, the correct classification rate for known and unknown samples is 96.04% and 95.79%, the recall rate and F1 value are 89.00% and 92.27%, and the AUC is 0.9630.
Analysis of broadband oscillation mechanisms in grid‐forming and grid‐following converters based on virtual synchronous generator
Authors: Wang Weiming , Liu Zhijian , Lou Jun , Cheng Cheng , Song Qi , Shi Yaoting 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAiming at the problem of increased complexity in broadband oscillations caused by the introduction of virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control to grid‐forming and grid‐following grid‐connected converters interacting with inductive weak grids, positive and negative sequence impedance of such converters is established under small perturbations in phase angle and voltage using harmonic linearization. The impact of various control links on the broadband impedance characteristics associated with different control strategies is then analysed. It is observed that the grid‐forming converter equipped with VSG demonstrates lower impedance magnitude and inductive behaviour in the medium‐to‐high frequency range, thus emulating the external behaviour of a synchronous generator more accurately. Furthermore, the analysis based on the maximum peak Nyquist stability criterion reveals that voltage control and current‐type VSG lack phase margin, leading to potential oscillation risks within their respective dominant frequency bands. Finally, the validity of the broadband oscillation mechanism analysis is confirmed through hardware‐in‐loop experiments and impedance sweep analyses.
Nanoparticle‐enhanced dielectric oils for improved electrical insulation: Comparison of MgO, Al2O3, and SiO2‐based dielectric nanofluids
Authors: Karataş Mehmet , Biçen Yunus 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study provides comprehensive and quantitative assessments of the electrical insulation, viscosity, thermal conductivity, flash point, acidity, and stability of dielectric nanofluids. In the experiment, naphthenic mineral oil was chosen as the base fluid. MgO, Al2O3, and SiO2 were preferred as nanoparticles. In the dielectric breakdown voltage (BDV) tests performed, increased values were observed at certain concentrations for each nanofluid, with the highest value in the SiO2‐based nanofluid being 83.47 kV at a concentration rate of 0.05 g/L. Adding nanoparticles to the base oil increased the viscosity of all suspensions. Except for MgO‐based dielectric nanofluid, the flash points of other nanofluids increased as compared to pure oil. Total acid number (TAN) values, on the other hand, increased for SiO2‐ and Al2O3‐based nanofluids but decreased for MgO‐based nanofluids. However, all values are quite below the standard limit of 0.25 mgKOH/g. The percentage transmittance values calculated from the ultraviolet and visible light (UV–vis) spectrophotometry results differed for each nanofluid. However, they were all lower than the base oil. In general, the results indicate that the use of dielectric nanofluids in electrical systems will be beneficial, provided that the problem of long‐term stabilisation is solved.
Moving target detection based on improved Gaussian mixture model in dynamic and complex environments
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Duan Fajie , Fu Xiao , Niu Guangyue , Wang Rui , Zheng Hao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRecently, background modeling has garnered significant attention for motion target detection in vision and image applications. However, most methods do not achieve satisfactory results because of the influence of background dynamics and other factors. The Gaussian mixture model (GMM) background modeling method is a popular and powerful motion background modeling technology owing to its ability to balance robustness and real‐time constraints in various practical environments. However, when the background is complex and the target moves slowly, the traditional GMM cannot accurately detect the target and is prone to misjudging the moving background as a moving target. To address the interference from complex backgrounds, this study proposes a target detection method that combines an adaptive GMM with an improved three‐frame difference method, along with an algorithm that combines grayscale statistics with an improved Phong illumination model for illumination compensation and shadow removal. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved method has better robustness, improves target detection accuracy, and reduces noise and background interference.
A pointer scheduling algorithm for radar device‐to‐device opportunistic communication based on Tabu strategy
Authors: Tian Gang , Pan Zhiwen , Xing Wenge 
Published: February 2025

AbstractExisting integration of radar detection and communication (IDAC) systems are in general based on multi‐input multi‐output multi‐stations or single‐base transceiver splitting. However, these methods are challenging to realise IDAC for integrated receive‐transmit half‐duplex (IRTHD) pulse radars, which are detection‐centric and are based on self‐transmission and self‐reception systems. The majority of recent studies in the field of IDAC for IRTHD pulse radars have focused on utilising time‐division approaches to avoid conflicts, thereby also creating competition for radar time resources. In this paper, a pointer scheduling algorithm based on Tabu search (PS‐TS) is proposed for IRTHD pulse radars, which solves the challenge of simultaneous efficient detection and communication. Firstly, the study presents a model for radar device‐to‐device (D2D) opportunistic communication and proposes a framework for pulse interleaving based on pointer scheduling to realise IDAC. Secondly, the PS‐TS algorithm employs a Tabu search strategy to maintain high‐quality solutions to avoid local optima and introduces a tolerance factor to maximise the communication success rate (CSR) with the minimal time expenditure. Simulation results indicate that the PS‐TS algorithm outperforms the genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimisation in terms of robustness, CSR, and computational efficiency, providing real‐time scheduling for IDAC systems.
Efficacy and safety of H-APC in Barrett's esophagus: Italian prospective multicenter study
Authors: Massimi Davide , Maselli Roberta , Pecere Silvia , Spada Cristiano , Andrisani Gianluca , Di Matteo Francesco Maria , La Terra Antonella , Coppola Franco , Capogreco Antonio , De Sire Roberto , Alfarone Ludovico , Menini Maddalena , Spadaccini Marco , Hassan Cesare , Repici Alessandro 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHybrid argon plasma coagulation (H-APC) is a novel technique for ablation of neoplastic Barrett's esophagus (BE), consisting in submucosal fluid injection and subsequent APC of visible BE. The aim of this study was to assess H-APC efficacy, safety, and tolerability.We prospectively included patients undergoing H-APC ablation at four Italian Hospitals from September 2022 to March 2024. Patients with BE C3M5 maximum extent, low- or high-grade dysplasia (LGD, HGD) or residual BE after endoscopic resection (ER) of visible lesions were included. Patients who had undergone previous ablative treatments were excluded. The primary endpoints were complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia (CE-IM) and dysplasia (CE-D). Secondary endpoints were safety in terms of major and minor adverse events (AEs) and tolerability, assessed using pain (0–10) and dysphagia (0–5) scores within 7 days post-ablation (NCT05645679).Among the 51 enrolled patients (mean circumferential 0.43 cm; standard deviation [SD] 0.72, mean maximum longitudinal 2.20 cm; SD 1.09) who completed treatment (80 H-APC sessions), 45.1% (23/51) had prior ER of visible lesions. All patients achieved both CE-IM and CE-D (51/51), requiring a mean of 1.51 sessions (SD 0.83). Only one case of fever and absolute dysphagia was observed (1/51; 1.96% AEs). Regarding tolerability, mean pain score was 1.3 (SD 1.99) whereas mean dysphagia score was 1.28 (SD 0.56).The H-APC technique showed promising results in terms of effectiveness and safety with good tolerability in achieving initial CE-IM and CE-D in a selected population of BE patients.
Liver Transplant Anatomy: Basics for Interventional Radiologists
Authors: Patel Indravadan J. , Crawford Daniel A. , Naidu Sailendra G. , Wallace Alex , Knuttinen Grace , Oklu Rahmi , Alzubaidi Sadeer , Ozen Merve 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLiver transplantation is becoming increasingly common in the United States, with very favorable 1- and 5-year survival rates. With increasing long-term survival rates, postprocedural vascular complications can occur with increased frequency. Familiarity with posttransplant vascular anatomy is essential for interventional radiologists dealing with this patient population. This article discusses the posttransplant venous, arterial, and biliary anatomy and the implications for minimally invasive interventions.
1.5 Radical Trifluoromethylation
Authors: Chen P. , Liu G. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe development of methods for the introduction of a trifluoromethyl group into organic molecules has been quite prominent over the last three decades. Among these methods, radical trifluoromethylation has gained renewed interest, and exhibits mild conditions together with good substrate compatibility and selectivity with the involvement of photo-, electro-, and metal-catalysis. In this review, a summary of these efforts is presented in two types of reaction pathways. The first is the addition of a trifluoromethyl radical to unsaturated moieties such as alkenes, alkynes, and (het)arenes. The second is the trifluoromethylation of ordinary carbon-centered radicals, including alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl radicals.
Final report, onoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with UBA, July 2023
Authors: Viallon Joële , Idrees Faraz , Moussay Philippe , Wielgosz Robert , Travnicek Wilma , Meyer Caroline , Norris Jim , Trask Peter 
Published: February 2025

Main text
As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone standard of Germany maintained by the Umweltbundesamt (UBA) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount fraction range of 0 nmol mol-1 to 500 nmol mol-1.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Origin of the recirculation flow pattern induced by nanosecond discharges and criterion for its development
Authors: Roger Edouard , Mariotto Pierre , Laux Christophe O 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Non-equilibrium plasmas generated by spark discharges induce chemical, thermal, and flow dynamic effects that are beneficial in many applications such as plasmalysis, plasma-assisted combustion, and plasma flow control. Among the flow dynamic effects generated by these discharges, vorticity is of particular interest because it enhances the mixing of the discharge products with the surrounding environment and accelerates the cooling of the kernel. This article provides a comprehensive examination of the vorticity produced by nanosecond discharges in air. Using computational fluid dynamic simulations of the blast wave resulting from energy deposition in the interelectrode volume during the nanosecond pulse, we analyze the various sources of vorticity during the post-discharge period. The non-uniform strength of the leading shock of the blast wave is found to be the primary promoter of vorticity. Other sources, such as the barocline torque, play a secondary role in explaining the overall recirculation pattern. In addition, the discharge cooling mechanisms are also investigated. The cooling regimes and their efficiencies are classified according to the discharge parameters, such as the inter-electrode gap, the initial kernel temperature, or the frequency of repetitive pulses. Finally, a physics-based, non-dimensional number Π*, equal to the ratio of the initial kernel temperature to the ambient temperature, is introduced. A numerical analysis shows that the transition between the recirculating and non-recirculating flow regimes occurs for Π* on the order of 10. This criterion is validated against experimental and numerical results from the literature.