bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bentuk Pertanggungjawaban Pelanggaran Ham Terhadap Tawanan Perang Menurut Hukum Dan Ham Internasional
Authors: Nirwan Figur Muhammad Ali Putra , Wattimena Josina Augustina Yvonne , Anwar Arman 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The Syrian conflict was motivated by the Arab Spring, which was related to demonstrations and popular resistance in the Middle East and North Africa which ended with the fall of the ruling regimes in these regional countries.Purposes of the Research: The research method uses a normative juridical method. This type of research is descriptive analytical using primary, secondary and tertiary sources of legal materials where the collection of legal materials is carried out using library research. Furthermore, the analysis technique uses qualitative analysis, by identifying facts, eliminating irrelevant things, determining the issue and then concluding the results of the analysis according to the problem being studied.Methods of the Research: The research method uses a normative juridical method. This type of research is descriptive analytical using primary, secondary and tertiary sources of legal materials where the collection of legal materials is carried out using library research. Furthermore, the analysis technique uses qualitative analysis, by identifying facts, eliminating irrelevant things, determining the issue and then concluding the results of the analysis according to the problem being studied.Results of the Research: Legal violations against prisoners of war based on international legal and human rights instruments according to the Geneva Convention III of 1949 (Geneva Convention (III) Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of Wat) and Additional Protocol I year 1977 (Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of international Armed Conflicts) have the right to be treated with dignity and humanity, such as not being forced to provide information unless they know their identity. Their torture and cruel treatment is seen as a war crime. prisoners of war must be moved from dangerous areas to safe places. Their living conditions must be equivalent to those of members of the armed forces of the host nation. Accountability for legal violations against prisoners for serious human rights violations against prisoners of war legally basically refers to the principle of exhaustion of local remedies through the mechanism of a national court forum. The unwillingness and inability of countries suspected of committing serious violations of human rights to resolve the problem of these violations at the national level can underlie the emergence of the judicial competence of the International Criminal Court (ICC). War crimes and crimes against humanity in accordance with the Rome Statute (Article 5 paragraph (1).
Análise de layout para melhoria de produtividade do processo de soldagem em uma fábrica de equipamentos agrícolas
Authors: Borges David da Silva , Resende André Alves de 
Published: October 2023

Avaliar e melhorar a produtividade no processo de soldagem em indústria de manufatura é um grande desafio para gestores e equipe de engenharia de fábrica. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo é reduzir movimentações dos soldadores durante a fabricação e soldagem de um chassi de máquinas agrícolas por meio de análise do layout e fluxograma de processo. O objeto deste estudo foi definido conforme estação de trabalho de menor índice de produtividade, a partir desta definição, foram criadas propostas de novo layout e fluxograma de processo aplicando a ferramenta diagrama de espaguete. A ferramenta possibilitou entender o cenário atual relacionado a movimentações, intersecções de percursos, distâncias percorridas e arranjo físico de todos os componentes que compõem uma estação de trabalho, requeridos durante o ciclo de trabalho. Estas análises e aplicações resultaram em uma nova definição do nível de qualificação de mão de obra para soldadores na estação de trabalho, bem como redução de 12% na área ocupada e 22% na distância percorrida. De forma simples, se mostrou uma ferramenta útil para estas análises.
PENDAMPINGAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN KELOMPOK BERMAIN MEKAR KELURAHAN SIDOWAYAH KECAMATAN REMBANG KABUPATEN REMBANG
Authors: Nurhidayati Anik , Tahwin Muhammad , Asrori Muhammad 
Published: October 2023

The Community Service Program that will be carried out is Assistance in Management and Development of the Mekar Play Group, Sidowayah Village, Rembang District. Identification of problems faced, management management is still very simple, marketing strategy is still limited, general administration management and financial administration are still limited. The concept of activities in this community service program is training and mentoring. The training provided includes: management management, marketing strategy, general administration and financial administration that have been implemented. The results of the mentoring and training include being registered at the Central Java sipendi, promotion through social media and media widely. The Mekar Play Group, Sidowayah Village, Rembang District, has been verified in the Central Java sipendi system for both teachers and students. Have online marketing media including Instagram, Facebook and brochures. Publication on several social media. Keywords: training, sipendi, marketing strategy
Role of Micro-Architectures on Insects' Elytra Affects the Nanomechanical and Optical Properties: Inspired for Designing the Lightweight Materials
Authors: Jyoti Jeevan , Tripathy Sangita 
Published: October 2023

The structural coloration of insects has received significant attention in the field of nanophotonic, which has related properties with biophotonic crystals. The main focus in this study is on structural and mechanical features of wasp and beetle elytra such as Chrysidinae (the specimen of parasitoid or kleptoparasitic wasp), Rhomborhina gigantea (RG is the specimen of bettle in the family of Cetoniidae), and Chrysolina coerulans (CC is a species of beetle in the family Chrysomelidae). The nanostructures present on the surface of elytra show the optical and deformable material properties. Surface morphology has been measured by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The depths of the hemispherical cavities present on the elytra have been analyzed using AFM. The optical and nanomechanical properties of the beetle elytra have also been studied. To measure the reflectivity in transverse electric and TM mode, UV-visible spectroscopy has been used. The value of the average index of refraction nav is observed as 1.8 in all three species and the half-pitch of elytra's varies from 0.139-0.136 μm in CC, 0.123-0.114 μm in Chrysidinae, and 0.154-0.161 μm in RG. Nanoindentation was used to measure the modulus and hardness of the different beetle's elytra. Higher value of elastic modulus (1.72 GPa) and hardness (0.89 GPa) in RG of elytra plays a significant role in resisting force. The photonic structure exhibits optical intrinsic color mixing properties, which are used in the anticounterfeiting fields (currency and passport identification codes). The structural properties of beetle elytra would help to design the lightweight, high strength, anti-coating sensor, color-changing micro air vehicles, and novel optical materials.

Received: 25 August 2023 | Revised: 12 October 2023 | Accepted: 13 October 2023

Conflicts of InterestThe authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
Study of Samuel Beckett with a New Perspective
Authors: Bhattacharjee Aparajita 
Published: October 2023

The term ’absurdity’ is very much attached with the playwright, Samuel Beckett of the 1950s. It is a state of mind where nothing is concrete; everything is hazy and fluid. That type of mental make-up is made mainly due to a vacuum created in the socio-political and cultural arena after the World War II and culminated into a concrete shape in the fifties. In the field of theatre Samuel Beckett for the first time exposed the absurd situation of human beings on the stage. Though apparently he is tagged as an absurd dramatist, a question always peeps in the mind of the readers. Should he rightly be called an absurdist? Does he really believe in the concept of absurdity? This article tries to find out a rational answer to these queries analysing his two plays and attaching him with other dramatists of the time. It appears the dramas –‘Waiting for Godot’ and ‘Endgame’ speak of the meaningless journey of human life and it is the destiny. But, perhaps, there is a scope to analyse his dramas from a new perspective which is related to his new dramatic technique and the ending of his plays. Perhaps it can be boldly said that Beckett has not finished the dramas in an absurd manner; a kind of positive outlook towards life is coming out at the end of the plays. Waiting for a meaningful life is very much explicit in ‘Waiting for Godot’ and in ‘Endgame’. His other contemporary dramatists have dealt with the absurd situation of human life of the time in their own ways. Hence, Beckett has not only presented the absurd human condition in vivid manners, but has also tried to hint a way out to overcome the issues.
TINDAKAN KOLEKTIF DAN KESATUAN SEKERJA: ANALISIS KAJIAN LEPAS
Authors: NASSIAH GAONG  , MAHADIRIN AHMAD  , KEE Y. SABARIAH KEE MOHD YUSSOF  
Published: October 2023

Tindakan kolektif merupakan sebarang jenis tindakan yang dilakukan secara bersama oleh kesatuan sekerja bagi mencapai matlamat serta memperbaiki terma dan kondisi pekerjaan di tempat kerja. Tindakan kolektif yang berjaya akan dapat menghasilkan insentif bagi kepentingan para pekerja khususnya dari aspek ekonomi dan sosial pekerja. Sehubungan dengan itu, objektif artikel ini adalah bertujuan untuk menghuraikan konsep dan kepentingan tindakan kolektif melalui perspektif para sarjana terhadap kesatuan sekerja pada masa ini. Selain itu, berdasarkan analisis kajian lepas, perjuangan terhadap upah dan kebajikan pekerja merupakan antara isu yang kerap dibincangkan dalam perundingan bersama dengan pihak majikan. Walau bagaimanapun, perubahan ekonomi dan struktur pekerjaan pada hari ini telah menyebabkan berlakunya perubahan tindakan kolektif pekerja. Keadaan ini menyebabkan kesatuan sekerja berada pada tahap “labour quiescence”. Berdasarkan analisis tersebut, kajian ini menegaskan bahawa kebajikan para pekerja akan lebih terpelihara jika mereka bersatu padu dan bergerak secara kolektif. Dengan itu, kajian lanjut perlu dilakukan bagi mengenal pasti aspek tindakan kolektif dan kepelbagaiannya pada masa kini.

Collective action is an action done by a company and it’s carried out together with a trade unions to achieve goals and to improve the terms and conditions of employment in a workplace. A successful collective action will be able to generate/produce incentives for the benefit of employees, especially from the economic and social aspects of employees. Thus the objective of this article is to elaborate on the concept and importance of collective action through the perspective of scholars on current/nowadays trade unions. Not to forget, this paper will also be based on the analysis of previous studies/research, in which this paper will touch about the struggle for wages and employee welfare whom was one of the issues that are often discussed in consultation/negotiation with the employers. However, the changes in today’s/nowadays economy and employment structure have led to changes in the collective actions of workers. This situation have caused trade unions to be at the level of “labor quiescence”. Based on the analysis, this study asserts that, the welfare of employees will be better protected if they are united and move collectively. Therefore, further research needs to be done to identify the aspects of the current collective action and its diversity
KESEDARAN KOMUNITI TERHADAP PENYALAHGUNAAN DADAH DI SABAH: PEMBERDAYAAN KOMUNITI
Authors: PUTERI HAYATI MEGAT AHMAD  , NURUL HUDANI MD NAWI  , HABIBIE IBRAHIM  , NORZIHAN AYUB  , AZREEL AZIM ABDUL ALIM  
Published: October 2023

Community Empowerment adalah salah satu strategi utama Kempen Perangi Dadah Habis-Habisan oleh Agensi Antidadah Kebangsaan (AADK). Ia adalah satu agenda untuk merekayasa komuniti bertujuan memberi kesedaran tentang tanggungjawab komuniti dalam membanteras penyalahgunaan dadah. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka kesedaran komuniti terhadap bahaya penyalahgunaan dadah di negeri Sabah. Pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan temu-bual semi berstruktur dan kajian kes telah digunakan sebagai kaedah kajian. Seramai 35 peserta dari komuniti Sabah (N=35) telah terlibat. Dalam kajian ini. kesedaran komuniti diukur melalui empat dimensi, iaitu pengetahuan komuniti, suasana komuniti, kepimpinan dan penilaian keberkesanan program. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan ahli komuniti mempunyai kesedaran tinggi mengenai bahaya penyalahgunaan dadah, kesedaran tinggi tentang peranan komuniti dalam pencegahan dan kesedaran tinggi untuk terlibat secara aktif dalam membanteras penyalahgunaan dadah dalam komuniti mereka. Kajian ini selanjutnya menyarankan agar penambahbaikan secara berterusan terhadap pelbagai bentuk program pencegahan penyalahgunaan dadah sedia ada dijalankan dalam komuniti di Malaysia terutamanya di Sabah.

Community Empowerment is one of the main strategies of Agensi Antidadah Kebangsaan (AADK)’s Perangi Dadah Habis-Habisan Campaign. It is an agenda to empower communities to create awareness about community responsibilities in combating drug abuse. The study aims to explore the community awareness pertaining to the dangers of drug abuse in Sabah. Qualitative approaches using semi-structured interviews and case study have been used as method of the study. A total of 35 from Sabah (N=35) participants were involved. In this study, community awareness is measured through four dimensions; community knowledge, community atmosphere, leadership and evaluation of program effectiveness. The findings showed that community members have high awareness about the dangers of drug abuse, awareness of community’s roles in the prevention and active involvement in preventing the drug abuse in their community. This study further endorses that improving existing community for drug abuse highly recommended in Malaysia.
PENGARUH PERSEPSI SOKONGAN ORGANISASI TERHADAP EMOTIONAL LABOR: KAJIAN KE ATAS PEMIMPIN KESATUAN SEKERJA DI SABAH
Authors: AG MOHD RUSLAIMIE BIN MASLI  , KEE Y. SABARIAH BTE KEE MOHD YUSSOF  
Published: October 2023

Kajian ini menilai pengaruh persepsi sokongan organisasi terhadap emotional labor dalam kalangan pemimpin kesatuan sekerja di Sabah. Persepsi sokongan organisasi berperanan menilai tahap persepsi pemimpin kesatuan agar berasa dihargai oleh organisasi atas komitmen yang disumbangkan bagi tujuan menjaga hak pekerja menerusi kesatuan sekerja. Emotional labor pula adalah peraturan yang diekspresikan oleh pemimpin melalui bentuk emosi dan tingkah laku dalam memimpin ahli kesatuan sekerja yang dibahagikan kepada dimensi surface acting, deep acting dan genuine emotion. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan menilai pengaruh persepsi sokongan organisasi terhadap emotional labor dalam konteks kepimpinan kesatuan sekerja. Kajian ini melibatkan 162 orang pemimpin atau ahli jawatankuasa tertinggi daripada 23 kesatuan sekerja di Sabah. Analisis regresi mudah digunakan untuk menganalisis data bagi tujuan menilai pengaruh persepsi sokongan organisasi terhadap emotional labor. Hasil kajian mendapati persepsi sokongan organisasi hanya mempengaruhi emotional labor melalui genuine emotion. Oleh itu, wujud faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi emotional labor melalui surface acting dan deep acting dalam kalangan pemimpin kesatuan. Sehubungan dengan itu, kepimpinan kesatuan sekerja yang berusaha menjaga “hak pekerja” ahli kesatuan seharusnya selari dengan matlamat organisasi.

This study evaluates the influence of perceived of organizational support on emotional labor among trade union leaders in Sabah. Theperceived of organizational support plays a role in assessing the level of perceived union leaders in feeling valued by the organization for their commitment that they have contributed for the purpose of safeguarding the employee's/workers’ rights through trade unions. While emotional labor is a rule expressed by leaders through the form of emotions and behaviors in leading their union members which are divided into the dimensions that consist of surface acting, deep acting, and genuine emotion. Therefore, this study/research aimed to evaluate the influence of perceived of organizational support on emotional labor in the context of trade union leadership. This study involved 162 leaders or members of the highest committee from 23 trade unions in Sabah. Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data for the purpose of assessing the influence of perceived organizational support on labor emotional. The results of the study found that perceived organizational support only affects emotional labor through genuine emotion. Thus, there are other factors that influence emotional labor through surface acting and deep acting among union leaders. Therefore, trade union leadership that strives to safeguard the “employee rights” of union members should be in line with the goals of the organization.
PENGGUNAAN E-PEMBELAJARAN DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP NIAT MENGGUNAKAN E-PEMBELAJARAN DALAM KALANGAN KAKITANGAN AKADEMIK DI INSTITUSI PENGAJIAN TINGGI DI SABAH
Authors: NOR SHAHZANANI SUDIRMAN  , KEE Y. SABARIAH KEE MOHD YUSSOF  
Published: October 2023

Sejajar dengan transformasi menuju Revolusi Industri 4.0, institusi pengajian tinggi (IPT) masa kini dilihat berlumba-lumba untuk mewujudkan sistem pembelajaran yang lebih efektif dan sistematik. Perkembangan teknologi dan sistem menjadi penghubung utama kepada keberhasilan transformasi ini dan salah satu buktinya adalah melalui penggunaan e-learning (e-pembelajaran) dalam sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP). Medium e-pembelajaran ini melibatkan dua pengguna utama iaitu kakitangan akademik dan pelajar dari mana-mana IPT awam atau swasta. Pemindahan pengetahuan, aktiviti pembelajaran, kuliah dan tutorial tidak terhad kepada pertemuan fizikal atau secara tradisional sahaja tetapi boleh dilakukan melalui blended learning (BL) atau pembelajaran teradun. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji tahap penerimaan teknologi melalui model UTAUT dalam kalangan kakitangan akademik dan pengaruhnya terhadap niat menggunakan e-pembelajaran. Kajian ini merupakan satu kajian rintis yang melibatkan 30 orang kakitangan akademik yang terdiri daripada pensyarah IPT awam dan swasta di Sabah. Analisis regresi mudah digunakan untuk melihat tahap penerimaan teknologi dan pengaruhnya terhadap niat menggunakan e-pembelajaran. Hasil kajian ini mendapati peramal kondisi kemudahan dalam model UTAUT signifikan terhadap penerimaan e-pembelajaran dan niat menggunakannya.

In line with the transformation towards Industrial Revolutions 4.0, higher learning institutions (IPT) nowadays are seen racing to create a more effective and systematic learning system. The development of technology and systems is the main link to the success of this transformation and one of the evidence is through utilizing e-learning (e-pembelajaran) in teaching and learning sessions (PdP). This e-learning medium involves two main users, namely academic staff and students from any public or private IPT. Knowledge transfer, learning activities, lectures and tutorials are not limited to physical or traditional meeting ways only but could be done through blended learning (BL). Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the level of technology acceptance through the UTAUT model among academic staff and its influence on the intention of utilizing the e-learning system. This study/research is a pilot study involving 30 academic staff consisting of lecturers from public and private higher learning institutions in Sabah. An easy regression analysis isused to (look at)/(examine) the level of technology acceptance and its influence on the intention to utilise e-learning. The results of this study found that the predictors of facility conditions in the UTAUT model were significant on the acceptance of e-learning and the intention of utilizing it.
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERKEMBANGAN KESATUAN SEKERJA SELEPAS PENSWASTAAN: ANALISIS KE ATAS KESATUAN SEKERJA TERPILIH DI SABAH
Authors: ASRON PILIM  , DZURIZAH IBRAHIM  
Published: October 2023

Kewujudan amalan penswastaan di Malaysia sememangnya menjadi kerisauan kepada kesatuan sekerja yang melalui proses berkenaan. Ini kerana ia akan memberi kesan kepada perkembangan pergerakan mereka terutama berlakunya penurunan densiti kesatuan sekerja apabila penstrukturan semula dilakukan. Sehubungan dengan itu, kesatuan perlu memikirkan strategi memperkembangkan pergerakan kesatuan mereka. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan pergerakan Kesatuan Pekerja-pekerja Sabah Ports Sdn. Bhd (KPPSP). Berdasarkan temu bual mendalam menerusi pendekatan kajian kes kualitatif, kajian mendapati bahawa faktor penyebaran tertutup, bantuan pakar, dan sumbangsaran sebagai strategi KPPSP selepas fasa penswastaan merupakan faktor utama yang menyumbang kepada perkembangan KPPSP selepas fasa penswastaan. Ketiga-tiga faktor berkenaan menjadi pemangkin kepada perkembangan pergerakan KPPSP selepas fasa penswastaan dan usaha yang dilakukan oleh KPPSP ini boleh menjadi rujukan atau contoh kepada kesatuan yang ada di Malaysia terutamanya di negeri Sabah. Dengan mengambil dan menjadikan rujukan usaha yang dilakukan oleh KPPSP, ia dapat membantu kesatuan lain untuk berkembang dan keadaan ini dapat membantu meningkatkan densiti kesatuan sekerja di negeri Sabah dalam memelihara kelestarian hubungan industri di Malaysia khususnya negeri Sabah.

The existence of privatization practices in Malaysia is indeed a concern to trade unions that are going through the process. This is because it will affect the development of their movement especially the occurrence of a decrease in the density of trade unions when the restructuring is done. Accordingly, unions need to think of strategies to expand their union movements. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors that influence the development of the Kesatuan Pekerja-Pekerja Sabah Ports Sdn. Bhd (KPPSP). Based on indepth interviews through qualitative case study approach, the study found that closed dissemination factors, expert assistance, and brainstorming as KPPSP strategy after privatization phase are the main factors contributing to KPPSP development after privatization phase. These three factors are the catalyst for the development of the KPPSP movement after the privatization phase and the efforts made by KPPSP can be a reference or example to the existing unions in Malaysia, especially in the state of Sabah. By taking and making reference to the efforts made by KPPSP, it can help other unions to grow and this situation can help increase the density of trade unions in the state of Sabah in maintaining the sustainability of industrial relations in Malaysia, especially the state of Sabah.