bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cross-sectional Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding the use of Iron–Folic Acid Supplementation amongst Antenatal Women of Surendranagar District
Authors: Goswami Mital , Dadwani Roma , Koringa Hetal , Vekariya Dhruvil , Solanki Nikita 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
As per the National Family Health Survey-5, the prevalence of anaemia amongst pregnant women is 52.2% in India. Iron deficiency anaemia has a negative impact on maternal and child’s health in terms of morbidity as well as mortality. Iron–folic acid (IFA) supplementation is the recommended strategy to prevent its deficiency during pregnancy. Hence, knowledge regarding the use of IFA supplementation has a positive impact on its compliance.

Objectives:
The aim is to assess knowledge and attitude and to determine practice regarding the use of IFAS amongst antenatal women of Surendranagar district.

Materials and Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Surendranagar district. The sample size was 260, which was calculated based on the pregnancy registration rate. To achieve this sample size, 26 subcentres were selected randomly. Data were collected using predesigned, pretested and semi-structured questionnaires.

Results:
Out of the total study participants, more than half were between the age group of 22–24 years (57.7%) and the mean age was 26.94 ± 5.15. Almost all were aware of IFA supplementation (96.2%), and nearly three-fourths (75.5%) were taking it. Of pregnant women who were taking IFA tablets amongst them 88.2% were taking it regularly. They were aware that lemon increases its absorption (61%), but it should not be taken immediately after a meal (62%). Majority of women felt that it helps to improve their health during pregnancy and improve their child’s health (90%).

Conclusion:
Majority of women amongst study participants were aware of IFA supplementation and taking it regularly. However, knowledge regarding its absorption was observed to be low amongst them.
Synthesis of electronically tunable multifunction biquad filter using voltage differencing differential input buffered amplifiers
Authors: Bunrueangsak Sirigul , Jaikla Winai , Chaichana Amornchai , Supavarasuwat Piya , Siripongdee Surapong , Suwanjan Peerawut 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBiquad filters are commonly used in analog circuits for various purposes in signal processing and communication applications. We synthesize an analog active biquad filter with five types of voltage‐mode filtering functions. The filter is synthesized using a parallel passive resistor‐inductor‐capacitor (RLC) network and unity‐gain voltage differencing amplifier. A voltage differencing differential input buffered amplifier (VD‐DIBA) is the main active component, and the biquad filter has a three‐input single‐output (TISO) topology. By replacing the passive inductor and resistor with VD‐DIBA‐based inductance and resistance simulators with a subtractor, the TISO voltage‐mode versatile filter is obtained from two VD‐DIBAs, one resistor, and two capacitors connected to the ground. The proposed filter can provide five types of voltage‐mode filtering functions: inverting bandpass and lowpass responses as well as noninverting band‐stop, high‐pass, and all‐pass responses. The all‐pass filter requires no additional active components. The three input voltage nodes have high impedance, and a low‐impedance output voltage node facilitates cascade connections without using additional voltage buffers. In addition, the natural frequency and quality factor can be electronically tuned. The quality factor is controlled without disturbing the passband gain and natural frequency. The proposed filter is simulated and verified experimentally in the Personal Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (PSPICE) and through laboratory tests employing VD‐DIBAs implemented using commercially available components.
Extraction Characterization of Oils Extracted from different Parts of Red and Yellow Varieties of Anacardium occidentale (Lin)
Authors: Nwosu N. B. , Okoronko E. E. , Njoku D. K. , Emole P. O. 
Published: February 2024

The objective of this study was to extract and characterized the oils from different parts of red and yellow varieties of Anacardium occidentale after extractions using Soxhlet extractor and steam distillation techniques and characterization of the bioactive components using GC/MS analysis. Physicochemical parameters of the extracted oils were analyzed, and the bioactive compositions were also examined. The results showed that the oils extracted were within 0 and 0.5% moisture content and pH values ranged from 3.7 to 4.7. The average relative densities of the extracted oils by Soxhlet extraction and steam distillation at temperature 25oC were 0.887 and 0.8745 g/cm3 respectively, with average saponification value of 132.45 mgKOH/g for Soxhlet extraction and 127.98 mgKOH/g for steam distillation. The iodine values of all the oils were between 35 and 19.00 mg iodine/100g; while the refractive index was between 1.7 and 1.9. The acid values were within the range of 10.00 and 13.00 mgKOH/g, and peroxide value of 1.67 and 1.20 mmol/l. The oils had low viscosity which were within 28 and 32 mpa.s. The compounds identified from the GC-MS results showed that cashew nut shell oil contained cardol, anacardic acid, cardanol, 2-methyl cardol, triacconten and β-sitosterol. The main bioactive components of the extracted oil identified from the stem bark, root bark, and leaf were alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids, and saponins. This study, therefore, showed that Soxhlet extraction could be a better extraction method for extraction of oil from cashew nut shell which had higher relative density; while cashew stem bark, root bark and the leaf which had lower density were selective based on the target products.
Development of passenger’s waiting time model at Bus Public Transit Terminal
Authors: Ibrahim M.N. , Ede J.K. 
Published: February 2024

Passenger’s waiting time at terminal is a key constituent of travel time, as long waiting time increases the overall journey time. In Nigeria, urban-rural bus transit system is associated with long waiting time. This study evaluates bus transit users’ waiting times at terminal with perceived and actual waiting times (PWT and AWT) along with associated bus service frequency (BSF). Bus public transit operating from Enugu city (as origin) to 6 local government areas (Awgu, Isi-Uzo, Nkanu west, Nsukka, Oji River and Udenu) of the state as destinations was studied. Data were collected on AWT and PWT at Old Park, Enugu for 30 days from 8 am to 6 pm (5 days per route). Data on AWT and PWT were collected based on passenger’s observation and oral interview, respectively. The study discovered that transit users incurred long waiting times, with 80 – 90% of the users incurring AWT of 21 minutes to 1 hour and more, indicating a poor service quality. Also, 80 – 90% of the users overestimated their PWT by 25 – 60%. At 95% confidence level, PWT is significantly longer than AWT (P < 0.05) for all the routes. A passenger’s perceived waiting time model was developed for predicting PWT based on AWT. The model developed showed that PWT is strongly correlated with AWT, with an R2 = 0.9591 and F-significance < 0.05. This suggests that that AWT accounts for 96% variability in PWT. Consequently, the model developed exhibits a reasonable accuracy, hence, can be applied for prediction of passenger’s perceived waiting time. The mean BSF for Enugu – Nsukka and Enugu – Oji River routes were 30 and 21 buses per day, respectively. While, the other 4 routes recorded lower values of 7 – 9 buses per day, resulting in longer waiting times than the other 2 routes. The implication of long passengers’ waiting time suggests the need for shifting from unscheduled to scheduled operation and improved BSF by shortening bus headways to minimize waiting time.
An innovative simulation algorithm for optimising the cost of communal water supply systems using EPANET
Authors: Fashanu T.A. , Ndunaga C. , Ogundero M.A. , Oluwatusin O. 
Published: February 2024

In this work, the EPANET software is used to parametrize the design, simulate and optimise the overall cost of building and running a reliable, sustainable and efficient communal Water Supply System. Considering a model community of forty houses with an average of six occupants per home, the developed optimization algorithm using the simulated annealing heuristics approach minimizes the total cost of continuous water distribution to the community through a system of pipe network in a way that satisfies the critical hydraulic rules and constraints for efficient water distribution. Thus, the controlled variables of the simulated system include volumetric flow, velocity and head loss. To realize the desired goal, the prototyped communal water distribution system was first simulated by water free fall i.e., only gravity feed under a peak demand flow condition. This facilitated the identification and localization of head-loss zones. Subsequently, virtual pump stations of various capacities were optimally introduced as boosters at identified nodal points to overcome critical head losses. The response of the system to varying capacities of the booster pumps was then used to analyse and determine the optimum capacity of the pump. Simulation outcome showed that the optimum least cost design for a sixtyyear system’s life cycle is achieved by using a combination of gravity and 5 hp (3.73 kW) pump with optimum pipe diameter ranging from 60 - 150mm.
Evaluation of rainfall rates and rain-induced signal attenuation for satellite communication in the South-South Region of Nigeria
Authors: Ukommi U. , Ekanem K. , Ubom E. , Udofia K. 
Published: February 2024

Rain fade causes signal attenuation which can relatively results in signal quality performance degradation, increased pathloss and coverage area reduction in satellite communication networks, most especially in the tropics and at higher operational frequencies above 10GHz. Analysis of rain attenuation provides useful insight for satellite communication engineers for efficient network planning and design within the region of study. Hence this paper presents threeyear analysis of signal-induced attenuation in the South-South States of Nigeria for the cities of Port-Harcourt, Uyo, Calabar and Eket, whose terrain characteristics could be generalized to represent urban, sub-urban and rural terrains in Nigeria. The International Telecommunications Union Radio-wave propagation (ITU-R P618-13) model was used to estimate the long-term rain attenuation at 10GHz, 20GHz and 30GHz for satellite communication applications. Results obtained at 10GHz, 20GHz and 30GHz operational frequencies show that at high frequency, rain fade can cause signal attenuation levels in the south-south region of Nigeria. In all, Calabar recorded the highest rain rate and corresponding highest attenuation level of 96.13dB at 30GHz compared to 50.29dB at 20GHz for the period under review.
Assessment of the feasibility of Aku small hydropower project using RETscreen Energy Model Software
Authors: Chinyere O. , Sanusi Y. , Kulla D. 
Published: February 2024

The RETScreen 4 software was used in this study to conduct the analysis to determine the viability of the river Aku hydropower plant in Uturu, Abia State. The study was carried out using data from Ivo river dam authority, previous studies and literatures. The result of the study showed that the Aku river could generate an annual energy of 6,434,000kWh and will be able to payback its project cost at 6.3 years. The estimated annual GHG reduction of the project stood at 4,310.7tCo2 an equivalent of 1,852,317 litres of gasoline not used. The sensitivity/risk analysis indicated that electricity export rate (electricity sales price), initial cost and debt interest rate impacted the project profitability the most in that order. The project NPV is sensitive to both the debt interest rate and the initial cost of the project as variation in cost above 30% will throw the project into a negative NPV. In the light of the available information, the project is feasible if implemented.
Obesity and hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients on insulin therapy in Nigeria–data from the multicentre evaluation of type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients patients on insulin therapy (METOIN) study
Authors: Nkpozi M.O. , Mbah I.O. , Bozimo G.E. , Akhidue K. , Ezeude C.M. , Ogbonna S.U. , Owolabi F.A. 
Published: February 2024

Background and Objective: Despite the obvious benefits of early insulin use in achieving good glycaemic control, insulin linked overweight/obesity and hypoglycaemia are sources of concern and worry. Burden of these side effects among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) outpatients on insulin therapy in Nigeria is unknown.
Subjects and Methods: This was a prospective, cross sectional and observational study in which consenting T2DM outpatients that meet the inclusion criteria for the study in five tertiary health facilities were simultaneously recruited and relevant data obtained via investigator-administered questionnaire. Data obtained which included gender, arthropometric measures, hypoglycaemia and where it was treated were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 software.
Results: A total of 245 T2DM outpatients were recruited into the study, made up of 107 (43.7%) male and 138 (56.3%) female. Of this, 121 (49.8%) patients were overweight while 70 (28.7%) were obese. Among the patients, 104 (42.4%) T2DM outpatients on insulin therapy reported hypoglycaemia which was mild in 83 (79.8%) of the patients
Conclusion: A significant number of the type 2 DM outpatients on insulin therapy were overweight/obese with mild hypoglycaemia in a majority of them.
Exploring the Investment Behaviour of Petty Traders in Sunyani Municipality
Authors: Kubi Ebenezer , Nagriwum Timothy Masuni 
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The primary goals of the study are to assess the level of awareness among small merchants in Sunyani Municipality regarding investment prospects, the sources of investment information, and the impact of demographic characteristics.
Methodology: Questionnaires were employed in gathering data for the study, which was based on the quantitative research approach. Using Slovin's sample size computation, a sample size of 396 respondents was selected for the investigation.
Findings: The results revealed that the majority of small traders were aware of prospective investment alternatives such as real estate, government bonds, bank deposits, life insurance, mutual funds, and stocks and shares. It was discovered that the traders had access to two information sources: the formal and informal sectors. The survey discovered that friends and family serve as the key informal sources of information. Regarding the formal sector, it is disclosed that radio and television served as their sources of investment-related information. Also, the degree of awareness regarding investment opportunities was influenced by gender, age, and household size. The findings indicate that among the investment avenues available to traders, gold and other minerals are not well-known by traders.
Unique contributor to theory, policy and practice: Therefore, it is recommended that programs and talk shows are organized for people to be aware of these avenues. Policymakers should prioritize programs focused on enhancing the financial inclusion of petty traders by improving the accessibility of formal financial services such as savings accounts, credit facilities, and insurance products. The research findings could potentially aid in improving financial inclusion for small-scale traders, informing local government policies that support them, providing valuable market intelligence for businesses targeting this demographic, and contributing to academic knowledge in the fields of economics, finance, and development studies.
Horizons West
Authors: Kitses Jim 
Published: February 2024

When first published in 1969, Horizons West was immediately recognised as the definitive critical account of the Western film and some of its key directors. This greatly expanded new edition is, like the original, written in a graceful, penetrating and absorbingly readable style. It provides definitive critical analysis of the six greatest film-makers of the Western genre: John Ford, Anthony Mann, Budd Boetticher, Sam Peckinpah, Sergio Leone and Clint Eastwood. And it offers illuminating accounts of such classic Westerns as The Searchers, Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid, Once Upon a Time in the West, Shane and many more.
Among the completely new material in this edition is Kitses's magisterial account of the work of the greatest of Western directors, John Ford. Kitses also assesses how the Western has been challenged by revisionist historical accounts of the West and the Western, and by movement such as feminism, postmodernism, multiculturalism and psychoanalysis.
The product of a lifetime's labour and love, Horizons West is a landmark of scholarship and interpretation devoted to, what is for many, Hollywood's signature genre. It provides a compelling account of the powerful mythology of America's past as forged by Western films and the men who made them.
The Exorcist
Authors: Kermode Mark 
Published: February 2024

Inspired by an alleged real case of demonic possession in 1949, The Exorcist became an international phenomenon on its release in 1973. A blockbusting adaptation of a best-selling novel, it was praised as ‘deeply spiritual’ by some sections of the Catholic Church while being picketed by the Festival of Light and branded ‘Satanic’ by the evangelist Billy Graham. Banned on video in the UK for nearly fifteen years, the film still retains an extraordinary power to shock and startle.
Mark Kermode’s compelling study of this horror classic was originally published in 1997, and then extensively updated and expanded in 2003 to incorporate the discovery of new material. This revised edition documents the deletion and reinstatement of key scenes that have now been integrated into the film to create The Exorcist: The Version You’ve Never Seen. Candid interviews with director William Friedkin and writer/producer William Peter Blatty reveal the behind the-scenes battles which took place during the production. In addition, exclusive stills reveal the truth about the legendary ‘subliminal images’ allegedly lurking within the celluloid.
PHỔ BỆNH VIÊM TỦY THỊ THẦN KINH: BÁO CÁO CA LÂM SÀNG CÓ HẠ NATRI MÁU DO TỔN THƯƠNG VÙNG GIAN NÃO
Authors: Nguyễn Văn Tuận , Nguyễn Công Tấn , Nguyễn Thị Mai Hương 
Published: February 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Phổ bệnh viêm tủy thị thần kinh (NMOSD) là bệnh viêm tự miễn của hệ thần kinh trung ương, thường xảy ra ở người trẻ tuổi, do kháng thể kháng aquaporin 4 gây tổn thương ở dây thị giác, tủy sống và não. Chẩn đoán sớm những ca bệnh không điển hình khi chỉ tổn thương não đơn thuần vẫn là những thách thức lớn. Báo cáo ca bệnh: bệnh nhân nữ 16 tuổi, được điều trị tại khoa Hồi sức tích cực Bệnh viện Bạch Mai từ ngày 15/6/2021 đến ngày 7/7/2021 ra viện, bị bệnh lần đầu cách vào viện 1 tuần. Bệnh khởi phát cấp tính với nôn, rối loạn ý thức, ngủ rũ, rối loạn tâm thần, hạ natri máu (lần đầu 105mmol/l), cộng hưởng từ não có tổn thương vùng gian não, dịch tủy tăng tế bào 40 bạch cầu/mm3 chủ yếu lympho bào và IgG- AQP4(+). Sau khi được chẩn đoán và điều trị bệnh nhân hồi phục tốt. Kết luận: Bệnh NMOSD là rối loạn hiếm gặp, lâm sàng không điển hình nhưng cộng hưởng từ có hình ảnh tổn thương đặc trưng của NMOSD, cần xét nghiệm IgG- NMO và điều trị sớm để hạn chế di chứng cho người bệnh
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ VIÊM PHỔI TẬP TRUNG Ở TRẺ EM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI HẢI DƯƠNG NĂM 2023
Authors: Phạm Văn Hưng , Ngô Thị Minh , Nguyễn Thị Hương 
Published: February 2024

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và nhận xét kết quả điều trị viêm phổi tập trung ở trẻ em điều trị tại khoa Hô hấp Bệnh viện Nhi Hải Dương năm 2023. Phương pháp: nghiên cứu tiến cứu, mô tả cắt ngang. Kết quả: Nghiên cứu được thực hiện từ 01/04/ 2023 – 30/09/ 2023 chúng tôi thu thập được 146 bệnh nhân đủ tiêu chuẩn. Tuổi trung bình của nhóm nghiên cứu là 34,8 ± 30,9 tháng tuổi, nam nhiều hơn nữ. Triệu chứng cơ năng thường gặp nhất là ho (93,1%) và sốt (85,6%), đau ngực chiếm 10,9%. Triệu chứng thực thể thường gặp là thở nhanh (81,5%), ran ở phổi (47,9%), rút lõm lồng ngực (31,5%), hội chứng đông đặc với tỷ lệ thấp 6,8%. Trên phim chụp x quang ngực thẳng có 74,6% trẻ có hình ảnh đám mờ tập trung không điển hình, 25,4% trẻ có hình ảnh đám mờ hình tam giác điển hình và chủ yếu tổn thương ở thùy trên phổi phải. Số lượng bạch cầu trung bình trong máu ngoại vi của nhóm nghiên cứu là 15,2 ± 6,6 G/l. Nồng độ CRP trung bình là 68,2 ± 38,9 mg/l, CRP tăng chiếm 80,1% các trường hợp. Có 61,6% số trẻ tìm được nguyên nhân gây bệnh. Trong đó, nguyên nhân gặp nhiều nhất là Mycoplasma pneumonia (41,8%), vi khuẩn Gram dương (19,9%) và vi khuẩn Gram âm (5,5%). Kết quả điều trị khỏi chiếm 97,9%, có 2,1% trẻ xin ra viện ngay sau khi nhập viện. Thời gian nằm viện trung bình là 9,6 ± 5,3 ngày. Kết luận: Viêm phổi tập trung là bệnh lý khá phổ biến ở trẻ em, rất khó để chẩn đoán viêm phổi tập trung nếu chỉ dựa vào triệu chứng lâm sàng. Nên chụp x quang ngực thẳng với tất cả những trường hợp nghi ngờ để tránh bỏ sót, nguyên nhân chủ yếu là Mycoplasma Pneumonia, Haemophilus Influenzae, Streptococcus Pneumoniae.
Ruling the Dutch Tax Haven: How the United States Drove the Rise and Fall of the Ruling Practice of the Netherlands
Authors: Stadig Diederik 
Published: February 2024

Ruling the Dutch Tax Haven: How the United States Drove the Rise and Fall of the Ruling Practice of the Netherlands
Until recently, the Netherlands was one of the world’s largest tax havens. A key factor in the country’s fiscal appeal was its ruling practice, which was created as a result of the Marshall aid in 1945. The ruling practice has remained mostly stable since its foundation: it underwent incremental reforms in the 1990s and 2000s, but radical reforms in the 2010s. This article seeks to explain this stability and radical change. To do so, it turns to theories on the role of ideas and institutional path dependence. It finds that the tolerance of the US for aggressive tax policies by small states was an important precondition for the stability of the Dutch ruling practice. When this tolerance disappeared in the 2010s, the Netherlands was forced to reform its ruling practice. Thus, the agency of political actors may be overestimated and the structuring role of institutions and the international context downplayed.