bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron Energetics at Surfaces and Interfaces: Concepts and Experiments
Authors: Cahen D. , Kahn A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe present a concise, although admittedly non‐exhaustive, but hopefully didactic review and discussion of some of the central and basic concepts related to the energetics of surfaces and interfaces of solids. This is of particular importance for surfaces and interfaces that involve organic molecules and molecular films. It attempts to pull together different views and terminologies used in the solid state, electrochemistry, and electronic device communities, regarding key concepts of local and absolute vacuum level, surface dipole, work function, electron affinity, and ionization energy. Finally, it describes how standard techniques like photoemission spectroscopy can be used to measure such quantities.
Frequent and prolonged hospitalizations: A risk factor for early mortality in sickle cell disease patients
Authors: Houston‐Yu Patricia , Rana Sohail R. , Beyer Betsy , Castro Oswaldo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA subset of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) has frequent and prolonged hospitalizations. Clinical outcomes for this subset of patients are not known. We analyzed mortality data in 71 such patients enrolled in a case management study. Adult patients (mean age 32 years) with SCD and ≥50 hospitalization days/year or ≥6 admissions/year were enrolled. Clinical and psychosocial data were obtained. During a mean 24‐month follow up, 11 of 71 patients died (15.5%). Patients who died had a higher mean number of hospitalization days in the year before study entry (116 vs. 40, P < 0.000008) and were also more depressed than those who survived (mean score 17.8 vs. 11.9, P = 0.031). Frequent and prolonged hospitalizations are a risk factor for early mortality in patients with SCD. Am. J. Hematol. 72:201–203, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BMI in the Trois‐Rivières study: Child–adult and child–parent relationships
Authors: Trudeau François , Shephard Roy J. , Bouchard Stephane , Laurencelle Louis 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study evaluated intraindividual child–adult and interindividual child–parent relationships of body mass index (BMI) using data from the Trois‐Rivières semilongitudinal study of growth and development. Intraindividual correlations between age 12 and 35 years were substantial (r2 = 36% of variance in women, 30% of variance in men). Interindividual child–parent correlations for mothers and fathers age 36.6 ± 0.4 and 39.5 ± 0.4 years, respectively, were very low to low for daughters age 12 years (r = 0.09, NS and 0.34, P < 0.001 vs. father and mother, respectively) but all very low for sons age 12 years (r = 0.07, NS and 0.16, NS vs. father and mother, respectively). A multiple regression analysis predicted adult BMI from the individual's BMI at 10, 11, 12 years plus the maternal and paternal BMIs as calculated from self‐reported heights and weights. The BMI at age 12 years was a better predictor of adult BMI than the parental BMI in both men and women (P < 0.001) and multivariate analysis revealed that this index at age 12 years was the sole significant predictor of adult BMI for both men and women. The results from our study do not support the hypothesis that parental BMI is a stronger predictor of adult BMI than childhood BMI. However, useful information for the prediction and prevention of adult overweight can be obtained from the BMI at age 12 years. Our results suggest that environmental influences may be the major factor in the present obesity epidemic. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 15:187–191, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic structure and affinities of the corsican population (France): Classical genetic markers analysis
Authors: Vona G. , Moral P. , Memmì M. , Ghiani M.E. , Varesi L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe frequencies of 19 classical genetic markers for a total of 54 alleles were studied in a sample of 1,164 individuals born and residing in five different regions of Corsica. The results, which are also discussed in the context of the Mediterranean populations, show the existence within Corsica of a certain genetic differentiation between north and south which follows the linguistic subdivision differentiation. Compared to the other Mediterranean populations, Corsica also appears to be greatly differentiated from the populations of regions such as France and Tuscany, regions which have had great political and cultural influence. The Mediterranean population most comparable to Corsica is Sardinia. Despite their common origin, however, they do not prove to be absolutely identical. The genetic characteristics of Corsica and their relationship with the Mediterranean populations are interpreted in terms of demographic and matrimonial structure, isolation, and genetic drift. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 15:151–163, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mixed‐longitudinal analysis of growth data from malian adolescent girls: Evidence for compensatory gain?
Authors: Pawloski Lisa R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCross‐sectional data have previously indicated poor growth and development among adolescent girls in Mali. These data have shown that Malian girls are shorter and lighter than their United States female counterparts. Many studies suggest that this evidence of poor growth and development is due to a combination of poor nutrient intake, high‐energy expenditure, and poor access to health care. At adolescence, individuals rarely follow a standard pattern of growth due to different biological timetables and expressions of pubertal growth. By examining velocity of growth, researchers can recognize developmental patterns such as compensatory gain. This study examines the growth rates of Malian girls over a 6‐month period. Anthropometric data were collected from a total of 1,045 adolescent girls ages 10–17 years. Height and weights were collected twice from the Segou Coura community in the town of Segou and from the Dioro Arrondissement in 1997. From these data, mixed longitudinal analyses were conducted. Both the height and weight velocity data showed patterns of delayed growth rates when compared with American girls. Although Malian girls are similar to American girls in that they tend to reach their peak height velocity at age 12, the Malian girls demonstrate a longer growth spurt than the American girls. This evidence of greater height velocity may be an indication of compensatory growth, or compensatory gain, and is partially supported from cross‐sectional data. While these Malian data do not show much evidence that certain stressors are relieved during adolescence, only more extensive longitudinal data can more fairly examine the issue. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 15:178–186, 2003.©2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Personality profiles of children and adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Prinzie P. , Descheemaeker M.J. , Vogels A. , Cleymans T. , Haselager G.J.T. , Curfs L.M.G. , Hellinckx W. , Onghena P. , Legius E. , van Lieshout C.F.M. , Fryns J.‐P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe personality profile of 44 youngsters (24 males, 20 females; mean age 11 years, 3 months) with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) was compared with a group of 220 non‐NF1 control youngsters (matched on age and gender). Personality characteristics of each youngster were rated by both parents, using the California Child Q‐set (CCQ); [Block and Block, 1980]. The scores on eight personality dimensions were compared, i.e., Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, Openness, Motor Activity, Irritability, and Dependency. Moreover, personality of NF1 youngsters was related to IQ level, severity of medical problems, the presence or absence of visible cosmetic disfigurements, and de novo versus familial origin of NF1. The personality profile of NF1 youngsters was markedly different from the non‐NF1 youngsters. Compared to the 220 control children, they were equally agreeable, but less conscientious, less emotionally stable, less open for new experience, with less motor activity, and more extravert, more dependent, and more irritable. Personality characteristics were similar for children with maternally or paternally inherited NF1, or for children with a new mutation. There was no association with gender, the severity of medical and cosmetic problems, and IQ. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Child with De Novo t(1;6)(p22.1;p22.1) translocation and features of ectodermal dysplasia with hypodontia and developmental delay
Authors: Asamoah Alexander , Decker Amy B. , Wiktor Anne , Van Dyke Daniel L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report on a 6.5‐year‐old girl with a balanced translocation between the short arms of chromosomes 1 and 6. She was referred for genetics evaluation because of developmental speech delay and congenital absence of several deciduous and permanent teeth. She was very sensitive to noise (hyperacusis), had poor hair and nail growth, decreased sweating, and turned very red with high fever. She had microcephaly (head circumference at the second centile; weight and height were at 25th centile), short palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, sparse eyelashes, large ears, partial anodontia, short finger and toenails, and dry skin. She had mild developmental delay. Family history was significant for learning problems in two paternal uncles, one paternal aunt, and several paternal cousins. Thyroid studies, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels were normal. Her karyotype was 46,XX,t(1;6)(p22.1;p22.2), and parental karyotypes were normal. This apparently balanced translocation may have resulted in either a submicroscopic loss or disruption of a gene or genes involved in ectodermal dysplasia. There are no reported cases of ectodermal dysplasia associated with this chromosome rearrangement. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytogenetic analysis of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD): Identification of a FRAXE fragile site
Authors: Wang Qing , Gu Yanghong , Ferguson James M. , Chen Qiuyun , Boatwright Scott , Gardiner James , Below Cheryl , Espinosa Janna , Nelson David L. , Shaffer Lisa G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric disease characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both. The prevalence rate of OCD is 2.1% in the general population. Here we report cytogenetic analysis of 26 patients affected with OCD. In one male patient (OCD‐K33), we identified a fragile X chromosome by cytogenetic analysis with 21% of cells demonstrating a fragile site at Xq27‐q28. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analysis demonstrated that the molecular basis of the OCD‐K33 fragile X chromosome was expansion of the CCG repeat at FRAXE. The number of the expanded repeats was estimated to be more than 300 copies, qualifying it as a full FRAXE mutation. Further analysis of the family members of OCD‐K33 revealed another member with a full FRAXE mutation (630–1,200 copies of the CCG repeat), who had the clinical phenotype of speech impairment, and two other members with normal phenotypes and no FRAXE expansion. The two FRAXE expansions lead to complete methylation at the CCG repeat. The co‐segregation of the full FRAXE mutation with apparent neurologic disorders in the same family provides further support to the notion that FRAXE is a genetic neurologic condition. Our findings expand the spectrum of clinical phenotypes associated with FRAXE mutations. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continuing the search for dyslexia genes on 6p
Authors: Grigorenko Elena L. , Wood Frank B. , Golovyan Lina , Meyer Marianne , Romano Christina , Pauls David 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study is a continuation and extension of the work with Orton Developmental Dyslexia (DD) pedigrees [Grigorenko et al., 1997; 2000, Grigorenko et al., 2001]. This study utilized an extended sample (N = 176) and a well‐saturated map of chromosome 6p (30 markers). Six phenotypes were constructed to span a range of dyslexia‐related cognitive processes. These phenotypes were: (1) Phonemic Awareness (of spoken words); (2) Phonological Decoding (of printed nonwords); (3) Rapid Automatized Naming (of colored squares or object drawings); (4) Single Word Reading (orally, of printed real words); (5) Phonemic Awareness/Decoding/Single‐Word Reading pathway; and (6) Phonemic Awareness/Rapid Naming/Single‐Word Reading pathway. The study resulted in two major findings. First, considering the distributions of the genetic linkage indicators across all phenotypes examined, there appear to be three regions of interest (around markers D6S109, D6S1261, and in the D6S105–D6S265 region). Any of these regions could serve as a starting point in the search for specific gene candidates contributing to the manifestation of DD, yet they all might be echo peaks of a single peak, the boundary of which is difficult to establish due to the limited power of this sample. Second, the DD‐related linkage in 6p21.3 appears to be most closely related to the manifestations of DD through phonemic awareness and single‐word reading deficits. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcriptional activities of cholecystokinin promoter haplotypes and their relevance to panic disorder susceptibility
Authors: Ebihara Mitsuru , Ohba Hisako , Hattori Eiji , Yamada Kazuo , Yoshikawa Takeo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe previously identified a polymorphic compound short tandem repeat (STR) in the 5′‐regulatory region of the cholecystokinin (CCK) gene, and showed that when the STRs were classified into three groups based on length and linkage disequilibrium behavior with neighboring variants, the medium class allele was significantly associated with panic disorder. The present study examined the transcriptional activity of the CCK promoter construct containing the STR and downstream −188A/G variation. The STRs acted as transcriptional repressors with a similar potency among the three classes, but the long (L) class STR exhibited a synergistic effect on decreasing promoter activity when combined with −188G. The haplotype composed of the L class of STR and −188G was significantly less frequent in panic disorder (P = 0.0032; odds ratio, 95% confidence interval = 0.06, 0.01–0.69). These results suggest that the L‐(−188G) haplotype may act as a protective factor against panic by reducing the expression of anxiogenic CCK. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Demography, female life history, and reproductive profiles among the chimpanzees of Mahale
Authors: Nishida Toshisada , Corp Nadia , Hamai Miya , Hasegawa Toshikazu , Hiraiwa‐Hasegawa Mariko , Hosaka Kazuhiko , Hunt Kevin D. , Itoh Noriko , Kawanaka Kenji , Matsumoto‐Oda Akiko , Mitani John C. , Nakamura Michio , Norikoshi Koshi , Sakamaki Tetsuya , Turner Linda , Uehara Shigeo , Zamma Koichiro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDemography provides critical data to increase our understanding of the evolution, ecology, and conservation of primate populations. The chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania, have been studied for more than 34 yr on the basis of individual identification and standardized attendance records. From this long‐term study, we derived the following demographic data: The major cause of death was disease (48%), followed by senescence (24%) and within‐species aggression (16%). Fifty percent of Mahale chimpanzees died before weaning. The median ages of female life history variables were: first maximal swelling, 10.0 yr (n=5); emigration, 11.0 yr (n=11); and first birth, 13.1 yr (n=5). The median period of adolescent infertility was 2.8 yr (n=4) when calculated from the age at immigration to that at first birth. Female fecundity was highest between 20 and 35 yr of age, with an annual birth rate of 0.2. Twenty‐six females that were observed from a young age (10–13 yr) to death at various ages (15–40 yr) gave birth to an average of 3.9 and weaned an average of 1.4 offspring. Twenty‐five females that were observed from middle age (18–33 yr) to death in older age (31–48) gave birth to an average of 2.7 and weaned an average of 2.0 offspring. The post‐reproductive lifespan for female chimpanzees was defined as the number of years that passed from the year when the last offspring was born to the year when the female died, minus 5. Twenty‐five percent of old females had a post‐reproductive lifespan. The interbirth interval after the birth of a son (x̄ = 72 mo) tended to be longer than that after the birth of a daughter (x̄ = 66 mo). The extent of female transfer, which is a rule in chimpanzees, is influenced by the size and composition of the unit group and size of the overall local community. Am. J. Primatol. 59:99–121, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth‐related shape changes in the fetal craniofacial complex of humans (Homo sapiens) and pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina): A 3D‐CT comparative analysis
Authors: Zumpano Michael P. , Richtsmeier Joan T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study investigates whether macaques and humans possess a common pattern of relative growth during the fetal period. The fetal samples consist of 16 male pigtailed macaques (mean age, 20.5 gestational weeks) and 17 humans (9 males and 8 females; mean age, 29.5 gestational weeks). For each individual, three‐dimensional coordinates of 18 landmarks on the skull were collected from three‐dimensional computed tomographic (CT) reconstructed images and two‐dimensional CT axial slices. Early and late groups were created from the human (early mean age, 24 weeks, N = 8; late mean age, 34 weeks, N = 9) and macaque samples (early mean age, 17.7 weeks, N = 7; late mean age, 23 weeks, N = 9). Inter‐ and intraspecific comparisons were made between the early and late groups. To determine if macaques and humans share a common fetal pattern of relative growth, human change in shape estimated from a comparison of early and late groups was compared to the pattern estimated between early and late macaque groups. Euclidean distance matrix analysis was used in all comparisons. Intraspecific comparisons indicate that the growing fetal skull displays the greatest amount of change along mediolateral dimensions. Changes during human growth are primarily localized to the basicranium and palate, while macaques experience localized change in the midface. Interspecific comparisons indicate that the two primate species do not share a common pattern of relative growth, and the macaque pattern is characterized by increased midfacial growth relative to humans. Our results suggest that morphological differences in the craniofacial skeleton of these species are in part established by differences in fetal growth patterns. Am J Phys Anthropol 120:339–351, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential phenotypic variability among the Apalachee mission populations of La Florida: A diachronic perspective
Authors: Stojanowski Christopher M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPhenotypic variability is evaluated in a series of skeletal samples from the Apalachee region of Florida. Based on ethnohistoric evidence, several predictive models for changes in variability are generated. If variability decreases through time, this likely represents the effect of genetic drift in populations experiencing epidemic disease and population loss. If variability increases through time, this suggests that population aggregation or genetic admixture were primary factors shaping the Apalachee population during the mission period. Dental dimensions were collected from a series of precontact (pre‐1500), early mission (AD 1633–1650) (San Pedro y San Pablo de Patale), and late mission (post‐1657) (San Luis) samples from the Apalachee region and were subjected to univariate and multivariate variability analyses. The results indicate that the late mission San Luis sample was significantly more variable than the Patale or precontact samples; however, the Patale sample exhibited no significant variability change in comparison to the precontact population. This suggests that the missions initially effected limited change in genetic variability in the mission populations. However, San Luis was affected by either admixture or population aggregation to such a degree that the observed variation had increased beyond earlier levels. Given the limited historic evidence for population aggregation at this mission, and the comparatively large resident Spanish population, the increased variability may be indicative of admixture at this mission, and potentially at this mission only. Based on a limited data set, however, it appears that the mission period cannot be typified by a single evolutionary or historic process. Am J Phys Anthropol 120:352–363, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial DNA affinities at the Atlantic fringe of Europe
Authors: González Ana M. , Brehm Antonio , Pérez José A. , Maca‐Meyer Nicole , Flores Carlos , Cabrera Vicente M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMitochondrial DNA analysis of Atlantic European samples has detected significant latitudinal clines for several clusters with Paleolithic (H) and Neolithic (J, U4, U5a1, and U5a1a) coalescence ages in Europe. These gradients may be explained as the result of Neolithic influence on a rather homogeneous Paleolithic background. There is also evidence that some Neolithic clusters reached this border by a continental route (J, J1, J1a, U5a1, and U5a1a), whereas others (J2) did so through the Mediterranean coast. An important gene flow from Africa was detected in the Atlantic Iberia. Specific sub‐Saharan lineages appeared mainly restricted to southern Portugal, and could be attributed to historic Black slave trade in the area and to a probable Saharan Neolithic influence. In fact, U6 haplotypes of specific North African origin have only been detected in the Iberian peninsula northwards from central Portugal. Based on this peculiar distribution and the high diversity π value (0.014 ± 0.001) in this area compared to North Africa (0.006 ± 0.001), we reject the proposal that only historic events such as the Moslem occupation are the main cause of this gene flow, and instead propose a pre‐Neolithic origin for it. Am J Phys Anthropol 120:391–404, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human life histories and the demographic transition: A case study from Finland, 1870–1949
Authors: Korpelainen Helena 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe life histories of humans who were engaged in reproduction during the demographic transition were investigated. It was discovered that these life histories were subject to great changes during the period involving the birth cohorts from the years 1870–1949. Although the number of all and surviving children decreased during this period, the individual fitness values (λ) of females remained quite even. The λ values are sensitive not only to reproductive quantity but also to the timing of reproduction. Therefore, the effective change in female fitness during the demographic transition may not be as dramatic as previously thought. When studying the level of selection (or rather the opportunity for selection), it was found that mortality selection steadily decreased to a very low level. However, fertility selection and total selection, which were relatively low for the cohorts 1870–1889, increased before the steep decrease that was detected for the cohorts 1930–1949. The situation reflects the presence of considerable variance in fertility for the cohorts 1890–1929, when the mean fertility was decreasing. A previously found trade‐off between female longevity and reproductive success appeared less significant, apparently due to the presence of more plentiful resources and voluntary limitation of reproduction. The deviation from the potential fitness maximization and the presence of subfertility have become prevalent in human populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 120:384–390, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.