bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological and genetic diversity in a South American forest‐dependent bat
Authors: Silva Sofia Marques , Pavan Ana Carolina , de Souza Samara Alves Barroso , Ferreira Gilmax Gonçalves , Silva José de Sousa e , Trevelin Leonardo C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Neotropical realm is vastly known for its richness, being the Amazon one of the main cradles of taxonomic diversity in the region. In the last decades, molecular analyses have been further increasing the number of Amazonian vertebrate species, hidden under traditional taxonomy due to morphological convergence. Bats represent an interesting example, as the number of recognized bat species is continuously expanding with the identification of numerous cryptic taxa. Studies combining different lines of evidence, such as morphometric and molecular approaches, have been playing an important role in addressing knowledge gaps on Neotropical bat diversity. Within the Phyllostomidae family, the dwarf little fruit bat Rhinophylla pumilio is a forest‐dependent species, with a disjunct distribution in the Amazonian and Atlantic forests. Moreover, different karyotypes have been recovered across the species distribution, suggesting this might be one more example of cryptic diversity. Here, we test this assumption by identifying geographic patterns of morphological and molecular variation within the species' entire range of distribution. Our results point to an overall morphological and morphometric homogeneity, except between Atlantic Forest and Amazonian specimens, with significant dissimilarity among some cranial characters. Furthermore, genetic data suggest a rapid and recent diversification, with these two lineages most likely corresponding to speciating taxa. Within the Amazonian forest, our molecular analyses also recovered four additional lineages, likely encompassing intraspecific diversity. Furthermore, studies are required to confirm the need for a taxonomic rearrangement.
Reliability-Based Design Optimization of Uncertain Linear Systems Subjected to Random Vibrations
Authors: Ballesteros Martínez Luis E. , Missoum Samy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) approach for uncertain linear systems subjected to random vibrations is presented. The computation of the first-passage failure probability with uncertain system parameters is computed as the total probability, which accounts for both the stochastic excitation and the randomness of the parameters. This quantity, which is dependent on the failure rate, is in general difficult to compute for complex problems involving finite element simulations. This difficulty becomes even more pronounced in the case of RBDO. To mitigate this problem, this work uses surrogate models and a dedicated adaptive sampling scheme to significantly reduce the number of simulations. Gaussian processes (GPs) are used as surrogates to approximate the failure rate over the extended space that includes design variables and random parameters. The adaptive sampling scheme leverages the availability of the prediction variance while accounting for the joint distribution of the system’s random parameters, enabling the scheme to focus on regions of the space with high probabilistic content. The RBDO algorithm is applied to two test problems modeled with finite elements: a cantilever beam with tip mass and a payload adapter.
Teachers’ Perspectives of Enacting Student Voice in Primary Physical Education
Authors: Iannucci Cassandra , van der Smee Cameron , Parker Melissa 
Published: December 2023

Purpose: Broadly speaking, student voice can be defined as initiatives that involve consultation of, feedback from, and engagement with students regarding their own education. This study’s aim was to explore teachers’ experiences and perceptions of enacting student voice in primary physical education. Method: Participants included six primary school health and physical education specialist teachers within Victoria, Australia. Data were collected via six rich and detailed one-on-one semistructured interviews. Results: Three main themes include: (a) “same-same but different” highlighting participants’ varying conceptualizations and enactment of student voice, (b) “language matters” emphasizing the importance of language used when discussing and implementing student voice, and (c) “barriers and challenges to implementation” capturing participants’ experience and limiting factors to the enactment of student voice practices. Discussion/Conclusion: Grounded in education for transformation and patterns of partnership theories, the discussion focuses on the disassociation between teachers’ perceived understanding and enactment and the implications for students resulting from the misalignment.
La prononciation du français au Burundi: influence du français de Belgique et du kirundi
Authors: Nimbona Gélase , Simon Anne Catherine 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
French in Burundi offers an interesting case of language contact: speakers have Kirundi as their first language and French imported during the colonial era was the variety spoken in Belgium, which does not share all the features of reference French. In this study, we analyze a corpus of 12 speakers (including 4 women; mean age 38.5) producing different speaking styles collected according to the methodology of the Phonologie du Français Contemporain project: word reading, text reading, and free narration. The results of the pronunciation analysis concern vowels, consonants and schwa. We identify eight pronunciation features that differ from reference French. In addition, we analyze for each one the possible interferences with Kirundi or with Belgian French. In conclusion, we discuss which of these features can be considered pan-African.
Politics versus Preparedness? How Electoral Incentives Affect the Provision of Local Disaster Public Goods in the Philippines
Authors: Manlangit Adrian Carlo C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
There is an expectation that elections create responsive policymakers that provide optimal public services. However, does this hold true when it comes to non- particularistic and non-immediate goods like disaster preparedness projects? In this exploratory study, I argue that electoral incentives can discourage the provision of local disaster public goods due to their non-particularistic and non-immediate nature. Using datasets containing electoral data and government ratings of local disaster public goods in Philippine cities and municipalities from 2017 to 2021, I find evidence that local disaster public goods provision is affected by (1) the intensity of local electoral competition and (2) the timing of the elections. Estimates suggest that local disaster public goods decline in quality one year before elections. Furthermore, in municipalities, more intense electoral competition is linked to lower quality provision of these collective goods. The findings illustrate how electoral incentives distort leaders’ policymaking against their constituencies’ long-term, common needs.
‘Mind the board!’: Board efficacy, managerial role dilemmas and performance in municipally owned corporations
Authors: Krause Tobias , Polzer Tobias , Sidki Marcus 
Published: December 2023

Globally, the corporatisation of local public services has gained substantive momentum over the past decades. However, there is a research gap concerning the functioning of governance bodies, particularly boards, in municipally owned corporations as hybrid organisations. In this study, analysing German municipally owned corporations, we investigate the relationship between supervisory board efficacy, as attributed by chief executive officers, and perceived organisational performance. We do not find a direct relationship; instead, we find evidence for a ‘catalyser’ relationship: board efficacy alleviates managerial role dilemmas, thus removing obstacles to organisational performance. The results imply that particular attention needs to be paid to the enhancement of competencies of board members and their collaboration. Limitations are outlined. Points for practitioners • ‘Good governance’ of hybrid organisations requires effective boards, which – albeit indirectly – ultimately result in better corporate performance. • Board efficacy alleviates managerial role dilemmas, thus removing obstacles to performance. • The results imply that particular attention needs to be paid to the enhancement of competencies of board members and their collaboration.
Immediate Unprotected Weightbearing vs 2 Weeks Nonweightbearing After Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Ankle Fractures
Authors: Le Vu , Viskontas Darius , Lohre Ryan , Yan James , Stone Trevor , Perey Bertrand , Moola Farhad , Boyer Dory , Lemke H. Michael , Apostle Kelly 
Published: December 2023

Background: Postoperative care protocols for ankle fracture surgery remain controversial with variability among care providers. This prospective controlled trial compared 12-week postoperative outcomes for immediate unprotected weightbearing (IMWB) vs nonweightbearing (NWB) for 2 weeks in a splint followed by weightbearing as tolerated (WBAT) in a boot after surgical fixation of selected low-energy ankle fractures without superior articular involvement. Methods: Eighty-seven patients undergoing surgical fixation of ankle fractures at a single level 1 trauma center were recruited according to specific criteria and enrolled by presentation date. The first 43 eligible patients were allocated to the control group, with NWB in a splint for 2 weeks followed by WBAT in a walker boot. The next 44 patients recruited were allocated to the IMWB group. The primary outcome was the Olerud-Molander score (OMAS). Secondary outcome measures included the Euroquol-5D (EQ5D) score and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: Specific Health Problem (WPAI:SHP) scores, ankle range of motion (ROM), wound complications, time to return to work, radiograph measurements, and fracture reduction loss. In this perioperative-focused study, we collected data on patients until 12 weeks postoperation. Results: The IMWB group had 5 superficial wound complications vs 1 in the control group. At 12 weeks, we found no difference in OMAS, EQ5D, WPAI:SHP scores, ROM, time to return to work, or radiographic measurements. Conclusion: In this short-term and relatively small prospective trial, we found more wound complications among patients treated with immediate unprotected weightbearing compared with patients treated with 2 weeks of NWB followed by protected weightbearing. Given the low incidence and small sample size, we do not know if these observed findings are generalizable. However, we also found no difference in functional outcomes at 12 weeks postoperation between these 2 groups. In light of that, we do not recommend IMWB after open reduction internal fixation of low-energy ankle fractures with plate and/or screw fixation. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective controlled trial.
Preoperative Factors Associated With Worse PROMIS Pain Interference 2 Years After Hand and Wrist Surgery
Authors: Kevas Yanni , Kaveeshwar Samir , Pitsenbarger Luke , Hughes Meghan , Schneider Matheus B. , Hahn Alexander , Honig Evan L. , Pensy Raymond A. , Langhammer Christopher G. , Henn R. Frank 
Published: December 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify preoperative factors associated with worse postoperative Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) pain interference (PI) scores 2 years after hand and wrist surgery. We hypothesized that older age, more comorbidities, increased substance use, and lower socioeconomic status would correlate with worse 2-year PROMIS PI scores. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of prospectively acquired data on 253 patients. Surveys were administered within 1 week of surgery and 2 years postoperatively. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to identify significant predictors of worse 2-year PROMIS PI scores and change in PROMIS PI scores. Results: Older age, higher body mass index, more comorbidities, lower preoperative expectations, more prior surgeries, unemployment, smoking, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, and multiple other socio-demographic factors were correlated with worse 2-year PROMIS PI scores ( P ≤ .018). Similar factors were also correlated with less improvement in 2-year PROMIS PI scores ( P ≤ .048). Worse scores on all preoperative patient-reported outcome measures correlated with worse 2-year PROMIS PI scores ( P ≤ .007). Multivariable analysis identified smoking history, less frequent alcohol consumption, worse preoperative PROMIS social satisfaction and Numeric Pain Scale whole body scores, and higher ASA scores as independent predictors of worse 2-year PROMIS PI. The same factors in addition to better baseline PROMIS PI were predictive of less improvement in 2-year PROMIS PI. Conclusion: Numerous preoperative factors were predictive of worse postoperative 2-year PROMIS PI and less improvement in 2-year PROMIS PI for patients undergoing hand and wrist surgery.
Cannabis Use Differences Among Sexual Minority Versus Heterosexual Females and Males in Oklahoma: The Roles of Mental Health, Cannabis Perceptions, and Cannabis Marketing Exposure
Authors: Romm Katelyn F. , Ehlke Sarah J. , Smith Michael A. , Vogel Erin A. , McQuoid Julia , Kendzor Darla E. , Cohn Amy M. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Despite the high cannabis use rates among sexual minority (SM) individuals, less research has examined factors related to cannabis use among SM (vs. heterosexual) individuals, especially in places with legal medical cannabis retail markets and high structural stigma, like Oklahoma. Methods: Data were from a survey of Oklahoma adults, including 3020 females (18.6% SM) and 2279 males (10.1% SM). Bivariate analyses examined associations of sexual identity with cannabis-related factors (i.e., perceived harm, positive attitudes, marketing exposure, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms) and cannabis use and use severity (i.e., past 30-day use, daily/near-daily use, cannabis use disorder [CUD] symptoms). Logistic regression examined associations of sexual identity and cannabis-related factors with cannabis use and use severity among females and males, separately. Results: SM (vs. heterosexual) females reported greater odds of past 30-day cannabis use and daily/near-daily use, lower harm perceptions, greater marketing exposure, and higher rates of depressive/anxiety symptoms. Lower harm perceptions and greater marketing exposure were associated with greater odds of past 30-day use, whereas marketing exposure was associated with greater odds of daily/near-daily use. SM (vs. heterosexual) males reported greater odds of daily/near-daily use and higher rates of depressive/anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: SM (vs. heterosexual) females reported higher rates of cannabis use, whereas SM (vs. heterosexual) females and males reported higher rates of daily/near-daily cannabis use. Potential targets for cannabis-related health campaigns aimed at reducing use differences include correcting misinterpretations of harm that may emanate from cannabis marketing efforts among females and addressing depressive symptoms among males.
An Assessment of the One-Month Effectiveness of Telehealth Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder Using the Brief Addiction Monitor
Authors: Burke Barbara , Clear Brian , Rollston Rebekah L. , Miller Emily N. , Weiner Scott G. 
Published: December 2023

Objectives: Telehealth treatment with medication for opioid use disorder (teleMOUD) was made possible with regulations following the COVID-19 pandemic that permitted prescribing buprenorphine without an in-person visit. This study evaluates the self-reported outcomes of patients treated by teleMOUD using the Brief Addiction Monitor (BAM), a 17-question tool that assesses drug use, cravings, physical and psychological health, and psychosocial factors to produce 3 subset scores: substance use, risk factors, and protective factors. Methods: Patients treated by a teleMOUD provider group operating in >30 states were asked to complete an app-based version of BAM at enrollment and at 1 month. Patients who completed both assessments between June 2022 and March 2023 were included. Results: A total of 2556 patients completed an enrollment BAM and 1447 completed both assessments. Mean number of days from baseline BAM to follow-up was 26.7 days. Changes were significantly different across most questions. The substance use subscale decreased from mean 2.6 to 0.8 ( P < .001), the risk factors subscale decreased from mean 10.3 to 7.5 ( P < .001), and the protective factors subscale increased from mean 14.3 to 15.0. ( P < .001). Substance use and risk factor subscale changes were significant across all sex and age groups, while protective factors subscale did not improve for those <25 and >54 years. Patient reports of at least 1 day of illegal use or misuse decreased, including marijuana (28.1% vs 9.0%), cocaine/crack (3.9% vs 2.6%), and opioids (49.8% vs 10.5%). Conclusions: Among patients treated by teleMOUD who completed assessments at enrollment and 1 month, there was improvement in drug use, risk factor, and protective factor scores.
The influence of parents non-self-realization on the children addiction to gadgets
Authors: Levickaya N. , Konoshenko K. , Belikova T. , Kotova M. , Gul'tyaeva A. , Fahrieva O. 
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the research of the reasons for the formation of teenagers aged from 11 to 14 years old addiction to gadgets and describes the mechanism of this formation.
Approximately 9% of children and young people all over the world who play computer games or go online are officially diagnosed with addiction.
The research methods and sampling were held as part of the educational activities of the Family, Women, and Children Affairs Committee and he Committee on Education and Science of the public organization “The sovereign course” with participation of teachers and psychologists: Levitskaya N.V., Frolova O.S., Fakhrieva O.N., Konoshenko K.N., speech therapist Belikova T. N., teacher off technology and entrepreneurship Kotova M.S., Gultyaeva A. V.
As part of the research surveys and interviews were conducted with 30 groups:
students of a general education school aged from 12 to 14 and their families (parents, siblings and immediate family members). In a secondary school, an observation was made among 5th and 8th grades for 3 months in order to identify adolescents' dependence on the phones. Based on the results of all types of research, the problem of addiction to gadgets and its reasons were identified, and steps to overcome this addiction were developed.
It was revealed that the lack of quality relationships between parents and children has led children escaping into the virtual world of the gadgets, compensating the lack of love and attention
The surveys and observations data of the teenagers aged 11-14 years old and their parents are analyzed in detail in the article.
The recommendations on how to overcome teenagers' addiction to gadgets are given based on the observation, analysis and practical experience of teachers and psychologists.
Patriotic education of youth as an element of the ight against falsi ications of the history of the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Perevoznova A. 
Published: December 2023

The proposed article deals with controversial problems such as the falsification of the Great Patriotic War, the preservation of modern youth historical memory and resistance with attempts to falsify the history of the war.
The article presents the results of a study among modern young people about the knowledge of the history of the Great Patriotic War and the main directions of history falsification of the war. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the historical memory of modern youth about the Great Patriotic War. The study was carried out among students in grades 5-11 and students of the Faculty of History. As a consequence, we came to the conclusion that young people know the history of the Great Patriotic War at a low level, and the most susceptible to the influence of falsifiers of the history of the war.
The main result of the study is methodological recommendations developed for lessons, ex-tracurricular activities, and optional courses for history teachers in order to increase the level of knowledge of the history of the Great Patriotic War and directions of falsification. The work also contains recommendations for the patriotic education of youth.
Simple Monotonic Readjustment Policies with Applications to Markdown Pricing and Pricing in the Presence of Strategic Customers
Authors: Chen Yiwei , Jasin Stefanus 
Published: December 2023

A Simple Monotonic Dynamic Pricing Policy We consider a canonical revenue management setting in which a monopolist seeks to maximize expected total revenues by selling a fixed inventory of product to customers who arrive sequentially over time. It is known in the literature that a simple dynamic pricing policy can perform reasonably well in such setting. However, the literature typically assumes that price can move freely over time (i.e., it can either go up or down). In practice, firms often impose certain restrictions on price movement. In this paper, we consider the setting in which price can only move monotonically over time (either only decreasing or only increasing). We devise a simple provably near-optimal dynamic pricing policy. Aside from markdown applications, our policy can also be applied to the setting with strategic customers.
Comparison of open anterior component and open transversus abdominus release in repair of large subcostal hernias
Authors: Espinosa-de-los-Monteros Antonio , Fernandez-Alva Daniela , Solis-Reyna Rodrigo Alejandro , de-la-Garza-Elizondo Cesar Alberto , Vazquez-Guadalupe Joseph , Posadas-Trujillo Oscar Emmanuel , Diaz-Trueba Flavio Enrique 
Published: December 2023

Background
Large subcostal incisional hernias are considered as complex defects, and a few different approaches have been described for repair. The purpose of this comparative cross-sectional study is to evaluate the outcomes of patients with large subcostal incisional hernias treated with either the open anterior components separation technique (ACS) or with the open transversus abdominis release technique (TAR).

Methods
From the database of patients with large complex incisional hernias who underwent abdominal wall reconstruction with open techniques between April 2007 and October 2022 at our institution, on May 25th, 2023 we identified those whose hernias were located in the subcostal areas and who underwent reconstruction with a components separation technique and mesh. Perioperative variables and outcomes were compared between the patients with large subcostal hernias who underwent abdominal wall reconstruction with either the ACS or the TAR techniques.

Results
Thirty-one patients with large subcostal hernias were included in the study. ACS and intra-abdominal mesh was used in 11 patients; TAR and retro-muscular mesh was performed in 20 patients. More postoperative local abdominal wall complications were seen in patients who had ACS as opposed to TAR (55% vs 15%, p = 0.02). Hernia recurrence was more common in patients who had ACS as opposed to TAR (55% vs 5%, p = 0.008).

Conclusions
More post-operative complications and recurrences were seen in patients who had ACS as opposed to TAR.