bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cumulative trauma, adversity, and loss among juvenile justice–involved girls: Implications for health disparities
Authors: Lansing Amy E. , Park Jane , Beck Audrey N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are social determinants of health that increase morbidity and mortality and are prevalent among juvenile justice–involved (JJI) youth. ACEs drive health‐risk behaviors (e.g., substance use) that reflect maladaptive coping, increase arrest risk, and overlap with posttraumatic risk‐seeking theoretically and reckless/self‐destructive behaviors diagnostically. However, little is known, especially among girls, about cumulative developmental adversity burden distress (i.e., total cumulative/lifespan stressor reactivity, grief‐specific and adversity‐related symptoms, and adversity‐driven maladaptive coping strategies by age 18) and associated health risk impacts. Therefore, we assessed (a) developmental adversity burden indicators capturing expanded ACEs (E‐ACEs; reflecting cumulative losses and traumatic events), cumulative distress, and risk characteristics; (b) potential racial/ethnic differences in developmental adversity burden; and (c) predictors of maladaptive coping among 223 JJI girls. Participants averaged 15 E‐ACEs, endorsing 61.0% of stressor reactivity reactions, 58.4% of cumulative grief‐specific symptoms, 55.7% (avoidance) to 73.2% (arousal) of adversity‐related symptoms, and 45.0% of adversity‐driven maladaptive coping strategies. White JJI girls endorsed significantly higher stressor reactivity and maladaptive coping than Latina girls (e.g., 38.8% vs. 14.6% suicide attempts), ds = 0.56–0.71. Adaptive LASSO analyses of maladaptive coping highlighted primary contributions from stressor reactivity, arousal alterations (excluding reckless/self‐destructive behaviors), and cognition/mood alterations but not E‐ACEs, grief, avoidance, or intrusions. Participants reported high levels of all cumulative developmental adversity burden indicators (e.g., 81.6% reported reckless/self‐destructive behaviors). Results support cumulative, adversity‐informed, universal precautions and assessments. Further, emotion regulation interventions targeting stressor reactivity, cognition/mood alterations, and/or arousal alterations may be useful for JJI youth with maladaptive coping.
Free Flap Outcomes for Head and Neck Surgery in Patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Domack Aaron , Sandelski Morgan M. , Ali Syed , Blackwell Keith E. , Buchakjian Marisa , Bur Andrés M. , Cannady Steven B. , Castellanos Carlos X. , Ducic Yadranko , Ghanem Tamer A. , Huang Andrew T. , Jackson Ryan S. , Kokot Niels , Li Shawn , Pipkorn Patrik , Puram Sidharth V. , Rezaee Rod , Rajasekaran Karthik , Shnayder Yelizaveta , Sinha Uttam K. , Sukato Daniel , Suresh Neeraj , Tamaki Akina , Thomas Carissa M. , Thorpe Eric J. , Wax Mark K. , Yang Sara , Ziegler Andrea , Pittman Amy L. 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) affects the vascular system, subjecting patients to a hypercoagulable state. This is of particular concern for the success of microvascular free flap reconstruction. This study aims to report head and neck free flap complications in patients with COVID‐19 during the perioperative period. We believe these patients are more likely to experience flap complications given the hypercoagulable state.MethodsThis is a multi‐institutional retrospective case series of patients infected with COVID‐19 during the perioperative period for head and neck free flap reconstruction from March 2020 to January 2022.ResultsData was collected on 40 patients from 14 institutions. Twenty‐one patients (52.5%) had a positive COVID‐19 test within 10 days before surgery and 7 days after surgery. The remaining patients had a positive test earlier than 10 days before surgery. A positive test caused a delay in surgery for 16 patients (40.0%) with an average delay of 44.7 days (9–198 days). Two free flap complications (5.0%) occurred with no free flap deaths. Four patients (10.0%) had surgical complications and 10 patients had medical complications (25.0%). Five patients (12.5%) suffered from postoperative COVID‐19 pneumonia. Three deaths were COVID‐19‐related and one from cancer recurrence during the study period.ConclusionDespite the heightened risk of coagulopathy in COVID‐19 patients, head and neck free flap reconstructions in patients with COVID‐19 are not at higher risk for free flap complications. However, these patients are at increased risk of medical complications.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:4521–4526, 2024
Unraveling Alström syndrome: Homozygous mutation c.2729C>G in ALMS1 gene across an extended family
Authors: Abosabie Salma A. S. , Abosabie Sara A. , Alfaifi Jaber , Alqahtani Youssef A. , Shati Ayed A. , Alotaibi Najmah A. , Alghamdi Ohoud A. , Alotaibi Ghadi N. , Baabdullah Abdulrahman A. , Kabrah Lama K. , Kamal Naglaa M. , Oshi Mohammed A. M. , Abdallah Enas A. A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlström syndrome (AS) represents an exceptionally rare genetic disorder characterized by a constellation of features including cardiomyopathy, progressive hearing and vision impairment, as well as obesity. This study seeks to elucidate the genetic underpinnings of this syndrome within the Saudi Arabian population.MethodsEmploying an extended family cohort, we conducted an exhaustive molecular genetic assessment to delineate the presence of Alström syndrome. Additionally, we conducted an extensive review of existing literature from Saudi population to contextualize our findings within the broader understanding of the disorder in our country.ResultsWithin our studied extended family, we identified two individuals harboring the homozygous pathogenic mutation (c.2729C>G) in the ALMS1 gene [NM_015120.4:c.2729C>G (p.Ser910*)]. Notably, carrier status was observed in the parents, whereas some siblings exhibited typical alleles while others were carriers of the mutation. Intriguingly, a review of the literature unveiled six distinct reports documenting a total of 20 Alström syndrome patients within the Saudi Arabian population, each presenting with distinct novel mutations.ConclusionsIn cases featuring cardiomyopathy, obesity, and progressive hearing and vision loss, Alström syndrome merits inclusion within the differential diagnosis. To confirm the diagnosis, molecular genetic assessment of the ALMS1 gene is imperative, offering definitive clarity amidst the complex clinical presentation. This investigation reinforces the importance of genetic scrutiny for precise diagnosis and highlights the unique genetic landscape of Alström syndrome within the Saudi Arabian population.
Testing the effectiveness of a Fatigue and Activity Management Education for Work (FAME‐W) intervention for individuals with inflammatory arthritis: Study protocol for a randomized control trial
Authors: Karkon Shalaleh , Bennett Kathleen E. , O’Shea Finbarr , Doran Michelle , Connolly Deirdre 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundA work‐focused fatigue management intervention, Fatigue and Activity Management Education for Work (FAME‐W) programme was developed for individuals with inflammatory arthritis (IA) to manage fatigue in order to maintain demands of their work activities and tasks. This paper presents the protocol for a randomized control trial that will test the effectiveness and acceptability of FAME‐W in improving work performance.MethodsThis protocol presents a multisite randomized control trial and mixed methods process evaluation. Eligible participants will be aged 18–65 years with a diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis and will be in paid employment. The primary outcome of the study will be Work Role Functioning (WRF) questionnaire, and the secondary outcomes will be fatigue, mood, health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and pain. Data will be collected immediately pre‐ and post‐intervention and at 3 months of follow‐up. The process evaluation will consist of focus groups and individual interviews to explore participants' experiences of FAME‐W. Occupational therapists delivering the programme will complete a facilitator log to assess the fidelity and quality of intervention implementations. Facilitators will participate in individual interviews to explore intervention delivery and acceptability.ResultsResults will be expected to show that FAME‐W will improve work performance by helping participants gain self‐management strategies around managing fatigue and other symptoms related to fatigue.ConclusionIt is hoped that FAME‐W will be an effective and acceptable intervention for individuals with IA in improving work performance by helping them manage their symptoms.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05138445, Registered on 30 November 2021.
Prenatal diagnosis of autosomal recessive Noonan syndrome associated with biallelic LZTR1 variants presented with thick nuchal translucency and cardiac abnormalities
Authors: Yu Qiu‐Xia , Zhen Li , Lin Xiao‐Mei , Wen Yun‐Jing , Li Dong‐Zhi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNoonan syndrome (NS) is a common clinical variable disease characterized by a number of features, mainly including congenital heart defects, short stature, and a variable degree of developmental delay. This disorder is transmitted mostly in an autosomal dominant manner and is genetically heterogeneous. We report three prenatal cases of LZTR1‐related recessive NS. One case had a recurrent cystic hygroma at 13 weeks gestation and the pregnancy was terminated. Two cases had an increased nuchal translucency at 12 weeks' gestation, but a normal second trimester ultrasound; both presented with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the third trimester. The two infants were diagnosed with NS after birth. All of the three cases had invasive genetic investigations during pregnancy, and trio exome sequencing revealed biallelic likely pathogenic or pathogenic LZTR1 variants in the fetuses. All parents were LZTR1 variant carriers. Our report further strengthens the association of LZTR1 with an autosomal recessive form of NS. The affected fetuses are more likely to have cardiac anomalies. Clarification of molecular diagnosis has important implications in these families because they carry a 25% recurrence risk.
Adherence and persistence of HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis use in the United States
Authors: McCormick Carter D. , Sullivan Patrick S. , Qato Dima M. , Crawford Stephanie Y. , Schumock Glen T. , Lee Todd A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeTo describe medication adherence and persistence of HIV PrEP overall and compare between sex and age groups of commercially insured individuals in the United States.MethodsWe conducted a national retrospective cohort study of the Merative MarketScan Claims Database from 2011 to 2019 to describe adherence and persistence of PrEP overall and compared between sex and age groups. High adherence was defined as ≥80% of proportion of days covered and persistence was measured in days from initiation to the first day of a 60‐day treatment gap.ResultsA total of 29 689 new PrEP users identified. Overall adherence was high (81.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 81.5%–82.3%). Females were more adherent than males (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.87; 95% CI: 1.50–2.34), while those ≥45‐years were less adherent than individuals <45‐years (aOR 0.87: 95% CI: 0.81–0.93). More than half of individuals discontinued therapy within the first year (median 238.0 days; interquartile range 99.0–507.0 days). Females were less persistent than males (hazard ratio [HR] 1.49; 95% CI: 1.34–1.65), and people ≥45‐years old were more persistent (i.e., lower risk of discontinuation) than those <45‐years (HR 0.43; 95% CI: 0.33–0.55).ConclusionsThese findings show adherence to daily PrEP is high among commercially insured individuals but the majority still discontinue in the first year. Future research should investigate what factors influence PrEP discontinuation among this population and ways to reduce barriers to therapy maintenance to ensure the population‐level benefits of PrEP treatment.
The effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on PICU admissions for severe asthma exacerbations: A single‐center experience
Authors: Bazdar Somayeh , van den Berg Sarah , Rutjes Niels W. , Bloemsma Lizan D. , Downward George S. , De Weger Letty A. , Terheggen‐Lagro Suzanne W. J. , van Wijck Yolanda , Maitland van der Zee Anke H. , Kapitein Berber 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of severe asthma exacerbations (SAE) requiring a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic (and its association with public restrictions) is largely unknown. We examined the trend of SAE requiring PICU admission before, during, and after COVID‐19 restrictions in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and its relationship with features such as environmental triggers and changes in COVID‐19 restriction measures.MethodsIn this single‐center, retrospective cohort study, all PICU admissions of children aged ≥2 years for severe asthma at the Amsterdam UMC between 2018 and 2022 were included. The concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and pollen were obtained from official monitoring stations.ResultsBetween January 2018 and December 2022, 228 children were admitted to the PICU of the Amsterdam UMC for SAE. While we observed a decrease in admissions during periods of more stringent restriction, there was an increase in the PICU admission rate for SAE in some periods following the lifting of restrictions. In particular, following the COVID‐19 restrictions in 2021, we observed a peak incidence of admissions from August to November, which was higher than any other peak during the indicated years. No association with air pollution or pollen was observed.ConclusionWe hypothesize that an increase in clinically diagnosed viral infections after lockdown periods was the reason for the altered incidence of SAE at the PICU in late 2021, rather than air pollution and pollen concentrations.
Nasal high frequency oscillatory highflow therapy in preterm infants: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Thomann Janine , Gaertner Vincent D. , Waldmann Andreas D. , Plastina Leonie , Bassler Dirk , Rüegger Christoph M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the clinical efficacy, safety, and potential physiological mechanisms of highflow therapy with superimposed high frequency oscillations (“osciflow”).Study DesignIn this prospective, randomized, single center crossover trial, 30 preterm infants were randomized to receive osciflow or highflow therapy first, each for 180 min. During osciflow, an oscillatory amplitude of 20 mbar and a frequency of 6 Hz were set. The flow rate was 4 L/min during both interventions. Primary outcome was the paired difference in the combined number of desaturations (SpO2 < 80%) and bradycardia (heart rate <80 beats per min) between interventions. Safety outcomes included nasal trauma, pneumothorax and treatment failure, and a pain score was assessed. In 20 infants, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) recordings were performed to evaluate oscillatory (VOsc) and tidal volumes (VT) at the lung level.ResultsInfants with a mean (SD) postnatal age of 33.1 ± 1.2 weeks were included. The median (IQR) number of episodes of desaturation and bradycardia was 19.5 (6−49) during osciflow and 26 (6−44) during highflow therapy (paired difference −2; IQR −10 to 9; p = .37). There were no differences in safety outcomes and pain scores. During osciflow, EIT recordings showed a signal at 6 Hz, which was not detectable during highflow. Corresponding mean (SD) VOsc/VT ratio was 9% (±5%).ConclusionsIn preterm infants, osciflow did not reduce the number of desaturations and bradycardia compared with highflow therapy. Although VOsc were transmitted to the lung during osciflow, their magnitude was small. Osciflow was safe and well tolerated.
The number of descendants in a random directed acyclic graph
Authors: Janson Svante 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe consider a well‐known model of random directed acyclic graphs of order , obtained by recursively adding vertices, where each new vertex has a fixed outdegree and the endpoints of the edges from it are chosen uniformly at random among previously existing vertices. Our main results concern the number
of vertices that are descendants of . We show that converges in distribution; the limit distribution is, up to a constant factor, given by the th root of a Gamma distributed variable with distribution . When , the limit distribution can also be described as a chi distribution . We also show convergence of moments, and find thus the asymptotics of the mean and higher moments.
Exploration of Cloxacillin Sodium interaction with Aggregates of Benzimidazolium Gemini Surfactants: Spectroscopic and Biophysical Analysis
Authors: Wani Farooq Ahmad , Kumar Yogesh , Anand Aashima , Bhat Ab Raouf , Alzahrani Khalid Ahmed , Malik Maqsood Ahmad , Patel Rajan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe interaction of benzimidazolium gemini surfactants viz. 1,3‐bis‐(1‐octylbenzimidazolium) propane bromide, simply represented as BG8, and 1,3‐bis‐(1‐decylbenzimidazolium) propane bromide (BG10) with an antibiotic drug cloxacillin sodium (CLX) was explored by surface tension measurements. Numerous interfacial parameters viz. minimum surface area per molecule (
), maximum surface excess concentration (
), packing parameter (P) and thermodynamic parameters like Gibbs free energy of micellization (
), enthalpy of micellization (
) and entropy of micellization (
at different temperatures were observed. Steady‐state fluorescence has been done for comprehension of micro‐environment of the aggregates as well as to calculate the binding constants (
) and Gibbs free energy change (ΔG). Dynamic light scattering results gave evidence regarding the size of aggregates of CLX‐BG complexes. Also, comparative studies by UV‐ visible, FTIR, 1HNMR, and viscometry have been done to further investigate the interaction of CLX with BG8/BG10 surfactants.
Sustainable Cow Hair Biocarbon‐Sulfur Cathodes with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Bracamonte M. Victoria , Luque Guillermina L. , Calderón C. Andrea , Cometto Fernando , Raviolo Sofía , Cozzarin Melina , Leiva Ezequiel P. M. , Barraco Daniel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA sustainable cow hair‐based biocarbon/sulfur composite was prepared via a melt‐diffusion process and used as cathode for lithium–sulfur (Li−S) batteries, exhibiting high capacity, good rate capability, and excellent cyclability. The effect of the activation process during the formation of the biocarbon was deeply analyzed by thermogravimetry, N2 adsorption, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microcopy, among others. A correlation between the composition and the surface area with the electrochemical performance was found. The best results were obtained using an activated sample and composite electrode containing 73 wt % sulfur, which present an initial discharge capacity of around 1200 mAh/g and 799 mAh/g after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A/g. Moreover, a specific capacity of ~701 mAh/g was measured at 1 C. The great electrochemical performance of this electrode in Li−S batteries is attributed to the porous carbon structure. Taking into account that hair is one of the major waste produced in the leather sector, this work presents a promising approach to reuse this material by giving it added value through the preparation of carbon/sulfur composites for high‐performance Li−S batteries.
In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Amylase, Tyrosinase, and Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitions of Novel Benzothiazole‐Sulfonate Derivatives
Authors: Korkmaz Adem , Bursal Ercan , Kurtay Gülbin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper provides a comprehensive account of the synthesis and assessment of newly developed aryl sulfonate derivatives based on benzothiazole as enzyme inhibitors, specifically focusing on their ability to target tyrosinase, amylase, and pancreatic lipase. The assessments were performed utilizing experimental (in vitro) and computational (in silico) methodologies. For this aim, nine different aryl sulfonate derivatives were synthesized. The synthesized compounds were subjected to structural characterizations by utilizing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR) and High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) studies, which provided confirmation of their structural properties. The inhibitory efficiency of the compounds was determined by measuring their 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) values and comparing them with the standard inhibitory compounds. According to the in vitro amylase activity, benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl 4‐methylbenzenesulfonate showed the best inhibition with the lowest IC50 value (43.31±4.3 μM) which was calculated to be at a close level to the IC50 value of standard acarbose (38.50±3.8 μM). Also, benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl 4‐bromobenzenesulfonate (22.73±4.15 μM) and benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl 4‐chlorobenzenesulfonate (25.28±1.95 μM) were calculated to have the lowest IC50 values and the most effective inhibition capacities against pancreatic lipase. Benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl 4‐fluorobenzenesulfonate and benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl 4‐methylbenzenesulfonate significantly exhibited superior tyrosinase inhibition compared to other derivatives and conventional kojic acid. In silico molecular docking affirmed that benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl naphthalene‐2‐sulfonate presented the highest binding affinities to the studied enzymes, with values of −7.8 kcal/mol for tyrosinase, −10.7 kcal/mol for pancreatic lipase, and −9.4 kcal/mol for α‐amylase. The pharmacokinetic characteristics and drug‐likeness of the synthesized sulfonate derivatives were also evaluated using absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) prediction. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were employed at the DFT/B3LYP/6‐311 g(d,p) level of theory to investigate the electronic characteristics of the compounds, therefore facilitating the comprehension of the reported enzyme inhibitory actions. In summary, our research highlights the potential of benzothiazole aryl sulfonate derivatives as effective enzyme inhibitors that hold promise for therapeutic applications.
Multifunctional Chiral Chemically‐Powered Micropropellers for Cargo Transport and Manipulation
Authors: McGovern Ashlee D. , Huang Mu‐Jie , Wang Jiyuan , Kapral Raymond , Aranson Igor S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPractical applications of synthetic self‐propelled nano and microparticles for microrobotics, targeted drug delivery, and manipulation at the nanoscale are rapidly expanding. However, fabrication limitations often hinder progress, resulting in relatively simple shapes and limited functionality. Here, taking advantage of 3D nanoscale printing, chiral micropropellers powered by the hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction are fabricated. Due to their chirality, the propellers exhibit multifunctional behavior controlled by an applied magnetic field: spinning in place (loitering), directed migration in the prescribed direction, capture, and transport of polymer cargo particles. Design parameters of the propellers are optimized by computation modeling based on mesoscale molecular dynamics. It is predicted by computer simulations, and confirmed experimentally, that clockwise rotating propellers attract each other and counterclockwise repel. These results shed light on how chirality and shape optimization enhance the functionality of synthetic autonomous micromachines.