bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supramaximal Testing to Confirm the Achievement of V̇O2max in Acute Hypoxia
Authors: Thompson Benjamin P. , Doherty Connor J. , Mann Leah M. , Chang Jou-Chung , Angus Sarah A. , Foster Glen E. , Au Jason S. , Dominelli Paolo B. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
To confirm maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), a bout of supramaximal exercise can be performed after maximal exercise. Supramaximal exercise verifies V̇O2max if the V̇O2max is similar to the incremental test. Acute hypoxia decreases V̇O2max due to decreases in arterial oxygenation which results in different determinants of V̇O2max.

Purpose
We sought to determine if supramaximal exercise testing confirms the achievement of V̇O2max in acute hypoxia. We hypothesized that the incremental and supramaximal V̇O2 will be sufficiently similar in acute hypoxia.

Methods
Twenty-one healthy adults (males n = 13, females n = 8) completed incremental and supramaximal exercise tests in normoxia and acute hypoxia (fraction inspired oxygen = 0.14) separated by at least 48 hours. Incremental exercise started at 80 and 60 W in normoxia and 40 and 20 W in hypoxia for males and females, respectively, with all increasing by 20 W each minute until volitional exhaustion. Following a 20 minute post-exercise rest period, a supramaximal test at 110% peak power until volitional exhaustion was completed.

Results
Supramaximal exercise testing yielded a lower V̇O2 than incremental testing in hypoxia (3.11 ± 0.78 vs. 3.21 ± 0.83 L min-1, p = 0.001) and normoxia (3.71 ± 0.91 vs. 3.80 ± 1.02 L min-1, p = 0.01). Incremental and supramaximal V̇O2 were statistically similar, using investigator-determined equivalence bounds ±150 mL min-1, in hypoxia (p = 0.02, 90% CI = [0.05 , 0.14]) and normoxia (p = 0.03, 90% CI = [0.01 , 0.14]. Likewise, using ±2.1 mL kg-1 min-1 bounds, incremental and supramaximal V̇O2 was statistically similar in hypoxia (p = 0.04, 90% CI = [0.70 , 2.0]) and normoxia (p = 0.04, 90% CI = [0.30 , 2.0]).

Conclusions
Despite differences in the oxygen cascade, the incremental and supramaximal V̇O2 were statistically similar in both hypoxia and normoxia, demonstrating the utility of supramaximal verification of V̇O2max in the setting of acute hypoxia.
The Effects of a 10-day Military Field Exercise on Body Composition, Physical Performance, and Muscle Cells in Men and Women
Authors: Vikmoen Olav , Teien Hilde Kristin , Tansø Rita , Aandstad Anders , Lander Elise , Cumming Kristoffer T. , Ellefsen Stian , Helkala Kirsi , Raastad Truls 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To investigate the effects of a demanding military field exercise on physical performance, body composition and muscle cellular outcomes in men and women.

Methods
Ten men (20.5 ± 0.5 years) and 8 women (21.4 ± 1.4 years) completed a 10-day field exercise consisting of extensive physical activity with food and sleep restriction. Acquisition of body composition, physical performance, blood and muscle biopsies samples were done before and 1,7 and 14 days after the exercise.

Results
There were no sex differences in the response to the exercise. Body mass was decreased with 5.6 ± 1.8% and fat mass with 31 ± 11% during the exercise. Both were still reduced after 14 days (2.5 ± 2.3%, p˂0.001 and 12.5 ± 7.7%, p˂0.001 respectively). Isometric leg strength did not change. Peak leg extension torque at 240 °·s-1 and counter movement jump height were reduced with 4.6 ± 4.8% (p = 0.012) and 6.7 ± 6.2% (p˂0.001) respectively and was still reduced after 14 days (4.3 ± 4.2%, p = 0.002, and 4.1 ± 4.7%, p = 0.030). No changes occurred in fiber CSA, fiber types, proteins involved in calcium handling or HSP70. During the exercise, αB-crystallin levels decreased by 14 ± 19% (p = 0.024) in the cytosolic fraction and staining intensity on muscle sections tended to increase (17 ± 25%, p = 0.076). MuRF1 levels in the cytosolic fraction tended to decrease (19 ± 35%) and increased with 85 ± 105% (p = 0.003) in the cytoskeletal fraction 1 week after the exercise.

Conclusions
The field exercise resulted in reduced body mass and physical performance in both sexes. The ability to produce force at high contraction velocities and explosive strength was more affected than isometric strength, but this was not related to any changes in fiber type composition, fiber area, Ca2+ handling or fiber type specific muscle damage.
Association of vitamin A and zinc with the development of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Yeasmin Farjana , Rahman Md Asikur , Chowdhury Nafisa Marzan , Khadija Sheikh , Joarder Taufique , Mishu Farzana Akonjee 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Diabetic Retinopathy is a common microvascular disorder in people with diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by a variety of lesions within the retina and is the leading cause of blindness in adults. Hyperglycemia promotes the formation of reactive oxygen species and increased concentrations locally and throughout the body, even to the point of exceeding antioxidant capacity, a condition known as oxidative stress affecting retinal integrity. Antioxidants and trace elements are responsible for reducing oxidative damage. Vitamin A and Zinc have antioxidant properties. Objective: To evaluate vitamin A and Zinc levels in diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. Methods: Cross-sectional study was done in BIRDEM General Hospital and the CARS, University of Dhaka, from January 2021 to December 2021. Study parameters Fasting Blood Glucose, HbA1c, Vitamin A, and Zinc were estimated by standard laboratory methods. According to the inclusion criteria, 100 subjects over 30 years were included. They were divided into two groups; 50 were patients with diabetic retinopathy, and 50 were without diabetic retinopathy. After taking informed written consent, a structured questionnaire was filled up for each subject to collect data. Data were analyzed by independent student t-test, Chi-square test, and Pearson’s correlation test. Results: The study showed that vitamin A was significantly lower in patients with diabetic retinopathy (8.95±8.12) than in patients without diabetic retinopathy (22.39±11.56). Zinc level was also decreased in cases of group I (1.17±0.31) than in group II (1.43±3.60). Vitamin A had a significant negative correlation between FBG and HbA1c. But Zinc did not show a significant correlation with FBG and HbA1c. This study also found a significant positive correlation between vitamin A with Zinc. Conclusion: In this study, we found that vitamin A and zinc were significantly lower in patients with retinopathy than in patients without retinopathy.
Efficiency of using individual biogas digesters for processing biowaste of rural households in Ukraine
Authors: Pryshliak Natalia , Shynkovych Andrii , Tokarchuk Dina , Korpaniuk Tatiana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Biogas production is a promising area for the development of alternative energy sources in Ukraine and in the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibilities of implementing individual biogas digesters in rural households in Ukraine and to determine the energy, economic and environmental benefits of biogas production from organic waste. As part of the study, an analysis of the main characteristics of households in Ukraine was carried out and the prerequisites for organising biogas production by households were determined. Household incomes were analysed, and it was determined that the costs of housing and communal services tend to grow. It was determined that the price of natural gas for the population over the past years has increased by almost 10 times, and thus replacing natural gas with biogas becomes especially relevant. The positive economic and environmental factors of using individual biogas plants in rural areas were characterised, and the theoretically possible potential of biogas production from household waste in Ukraine was calculated. Following this, a number of government measures to promote the proliferation of individual biogas plants were proposed. The economic benefits from the use of biogas were determined, including energy autonomy, the possibility of using organic fertilisers, and additional profit from the sale of surplus products. The ecological effect of using individual biogas plants will include the possibility of recycling organic waste and waste water, thus improving the hygiene situation for individual users.
Individual biogas digesters constitute a promising direction in Ukraine in terms of energy (production of biogas) and ecological areas (household waste management and production of organic fertilisers). At present, the sector of individual biogas production from biowaste is not widely spread in Ukraine, due to the lack of state support and insufficient awareness among rural residents about the benefits of biogas technology. In this research we determined the economic efficiency of the construction and operation of an individual biogas plant. Considering the average price of natural gas in Ukraine (229.9 USD per 1000 m3), the use of a biogas plant would save 144.1 USD annually on the purchase of natural gas. Given that the cost of building an individual biogas digester is 825.6 USD, its payback period would be 4.7 years.
In search of inspiration: Pioneers and promoters of rural sociology
Authors: Piszczek Elwira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article refers to Gerd Vonderach’s publications showing the relevance of discovering and (re)using the existing output of the social sciences. With reference to the terms Pioniere and Ideengeber, this paper introduces selected classic figures of the social sciences in German-speaking countries and the discussions and controversies that have arisen in the course of analysing their work.
Molecular alignment-assisted spectral broadening and shifting in the near-infrared with a recycled depleted pump from an optical parametric amplifier
Authors: Rodnova Zhanna , Saule Tobias , Gibson George , Trallero-Herrero Carlos A. 
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate how the depleted pump of an optical parametric amplifier can be recycled for impulsive alignment of a molecular gas inside a hollow-core fiber and use such alignment for the broadening and frequency shift of the signal pulse at a center wavelength of ∼1300 nm. Our results combine non-adiabatic molecular alignment, self-phase modulation, and Raman non-linearities. We demonstrate spectral shifts of up to 204 nm and a spectral broadening of more than one octave. We also report on the time delays at which broadening occurs, which do not coincide with any of the molecular rotational constants. Further, we encounter that maximum frequency shifts occur when the signal and pump have perpendicular polarization instead of parallel.
Ultracompact silicon on-chip polarization controller
Authors: Zhao Weike , Peng Yingying , Zhu Mingyu , Liu Ruoran , Hu Xiaolong , Shi Yaocheng , Dai Daoxin 
Published: November 2023

On-chip polarization controllers are extremely important for various optical systems. In this paper, a compact and robust silicon-based on-chip polarization controller is proposed and demonstrated by integrating a special polarization converter and phase shifters. The special polarization converter consists of a 1×1 Mach–Zehnder interferometer with two polarization-dependent mode converters at the input/output ends. When light with an arbitrary state of polarization (SOP) is launched into the chip, the TE0 and TM0 modes are simultaneously excited. The polarization extinction ratio (PER) and the phase difference for the TE0/TM0 modes are tuned by controlling the first phase shifter, the polarization converter, and the second phase shifter. As a result, one can reconstruct the light SOP at the output port. The fabricated polarization controller, as compact as ∼150  μm×700  μm, exhibits an excess loss of less than 1 dB and a record PER range of >54  dB for arbitrary input light beams in the wavelength range of 1530–1620 nm.
Generating a nanoscale blade-like optical field in a coupled nanofiber pair
Authors: Yang Yuxin , Gao Jiaxin , Wu Hao , Zhou Zhanke , Yang Liu , Guo Xin , Wang Pan , Tong Limin 
Published: November 2023

An optical field with sub-nm confinement is essential for exploring atomic- or molecular-level light-matter interaction. While such fields demonstrated so far have typically point-like cross-sections, an optical field having a higher-dimensional cross-section may offer higher flexibility and/or efficiency in applications. Here, we propose generating a nanoscale blade-like optical field in a coupled nanofiber pair (CNP) with a 1-nm-width central slit. Based on a strong mode coupling-enabled slit waveguide mode, a sub-nm-thickness blade-like optical field can be generated with a cross-section down to ∼0.28  nm×38  nm at 1550 nm wavelength (i.e., a thickness of ∼λ0/5000) and a peak-to-background intensity ratio (PBR) higher than 20 dB. The slit waveguide mode of the CNP can be launched from one of the two nanofibers that are connected to a standard optical fiber via an adiabatical fiber taper, in which a fundamental waveguide mode of the fiber can be converted into a high-purity slit mode with high efficiency (>98%) within a CNP length of less than 10 μm at 1550 nm wavelength. The wavelength-dependent behaviors and group velocity dispersion in mode converting processes are also investigated, showing that such a CNP-based design is also suitable for broadband and ultrafast pulsed operation. Our results may open up new opportunities for studying light-matter interaction down to the sub-nm scale, as well as for exploring ultra-high-resolution optical technology ranging from super-resolution nanoscopy to chemical bond manipulation.
Spinal mobilization force-time characteristics: A scoping literature review
Authors: Gorrell MChiroprac Lindsay M. , Nyirö Luana , Pasquier Mégane , Pagé Isabelle , Heneghan Nicola R. , Schweinhardt Petra , Descarreaux Martin 
Published: November 2023

Background
Spinal mobilization (SMob) is often included in the conservative management of spinal pain conditions as a recommended and effective treatment. While some studies quantify the biomechanical (kinetic) parameters of SMob, interpretation of findings is difficult due to poor reporting of methodological details. The aim of this study was to synthesise the literature describing force-time characteristics of manually applied SMob.

Methods
This study is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) statement. Databases were searched from inception to October 2022: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, CINAHL, ICL, PEDro and Cochrane Library. Data were extracted and reported descriptively for the following domains: general study characteristics, number of and characteristics of individuals who delivered/received SMob, region treated, equipment used and force-time characteristics of SMob.

Results
There were 7,607 records identified and of these, 36 (0.5%) were included in the analysis. SMob was delivered to the cervical spine in 13 (36.1%), the thoracic spine in 3 (8.3%) and the lumbopelvic spine in 18 (50.0%) studies. In 2 (5.6%) studies, spinal region was not specified. For SMob applied to all spinal regions, force-time characteristics were: peak force (0-128N); duration (10-120s); frequency (0.1–4.5Hz); and force amplitude (1-102N).

Conclusions
This study reports considerable variability of the force-time characteristics of SMob. In studies reporting force-time characteristics, SMob was most frequently delivered to the lumbar and cervical spine of humans and most commonly peak force was reported. Future studies should focus on the detailed reporting of force-time characteristics to facilitate the investigation of clinical dose-response effects.
Clinical features, diagnostics and treatment of FGF23 secreting tumors: series of 40 clinical cases
Authors: Gronskaia S. A. , Belaya Zh. E. , Rozhinskaya L. Ya. , Melnichenko G. A. , Dubovitskaya T. A. , Mamedova E. O. , Rodionova S. S. , Buklemishev Yu. V. , Pigarova E. A. , Degtyarev M. V. , Babaeva D. M. , Vladimirova V. P. , Tarbaeva N. V. , Serzhenko S. S. , Grigoriev A. Yu. , Dzeranova L. K. , Karpenko V. Yu. , Karasev A. L. , Fedotov R. N. , Uliyanova I. N. , Toroptsova N. V. , Lesnyak O. M. , Mokrysheva N. G. , Dedov I. I. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Tumor-induced osteomalacia is an acquired rare disease manifested by hypophosphatemic osteomalacia due to excessive secretion of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). FGF 23 is a non-classical hormone secreted by bone tissue (osteocytes) and regulates phosphorus metabolism.The aim of this work is to present clinical experience in the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with tumor-induced osteomalacia.Materials and methods: 40 patients with clinically-confirmed tumor-induced osteomalacia were included in the study, 34 of whom had the tumor localized, 27 underwent surgical treatment and 21 achieved stable remission.Results: The median age was 48 [41; 63] years, 43% were men, the time left from the the onset of the disease was 8 [4; 10] years. Biochemical findings were hypophosphatemia 0.47 [0.4; 0.53] mmol/l, a decrease in the tubular reabsorption phosphate 62 [52; 67]%, and an increase in alkaline phosphatase of 183 [112; 294] units/l. At the time of diagnosis, 100% had multiple pathological fractures, only 10% could move independently, and 77.5% classified the pain as unbearable (8–10 points according to the 10-point pain syndrome scale ). Among the methods used to detect tumors, the most sensitive were scintigraphy with tectrotide with SPECT/CT 71.4% (20/28) and MRI 90% (18/20). In 35% of cases, the tumor was localized in soft tissues and in 65% in bone tissue; The tumor was most often detected in the lower extremities, followed by the head in frequency of localization. 18 patients currently have no remission and they receive conservative treatment (phosphorus and alfacalcidol n=15 and burosumab n=3). In case of achieving remission (n=21), regression of clinical symptoms and restoration of bone and muscle mass was observed. Extensive excision of the tumor without prior biopsy resulted in the best percentage of remission — 87%.Conclusion: Tumor-induced osteomalacia is characterized by severe damage to bone and muscle tissue with the development of multiple fractures, muscle weakness and severe pain syndrome. In laboratory diagnostics, attention should be paid to hypophosphatemia, a decrease in the tubular reabsorption phosphate index and increased alkaline phosphatase. The use of functional diagnostic methods with a labeled somatostatin analogue to the subtype 2 receptor and MRI with contrast enhancement are the most accurate methods of topical diagnostics. In case of localization of the tumor, a wide excision without a preliminary biopsy is recommended.
Clinical features and complication rates in type 2 diabetes mellitus clusters on five variables: glycated hemoglobin, age at diagnosis, body mass index, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B
Authors: Bondar I. A. , Shabelnikova O. Y. 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious medical and social problem. Now they are studying the possibility of a new stratification of diabetes. The possibility of cluster analysis for different durations of diabetes, in different cohorts to identify phenotypic clusters of T2DM and validation by reproducing clusters is relevant.AIM: Identify clusters of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with different disease duration based on five variables: HbA1c, age at diagnosis, BMI, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B and study the clinical features and complication rates in each cluster in the Novosibirsk region.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cluster analysis of K-means was performed in 2131 patients with T2DM, aged 44 to 70 years, with a duration of diabetes of 6.42±5.66 years, living in the Novosibirsk region based on 5 variables — HbA1c, age at ­diagnosis, BMI, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B. All patients a complete clinical and laboratory examination. The insulin resistance index in the HOMA (HOMA-IR, u) and the β-cell function assessment index (HOMA-B) were calculated using the calculator ­version 2.2.3 at www.dtu.ox.ac.uk.RESULTS: Cluster analysis revealed: Cluster 1 included 455 patients with preserved β-cell function (HOMA-B 82.97±23.28%), moderate insulin resistance (HOMA-IR 5.57±4.72) and higher diastolic BP; Cluster 2 in 1658 patients with reduced function of β-cells (HOMA-B 21.71±12.51%), the lowest indices of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR 3.50±2.48) and was characterized by a longer duration of diabetes, high fasting glycemia , HbA1c, higher eGFR and MAU, men compared with women had a 31% higher risk of developing diabetic neuropathy and 28% more diabetic nephropathy; Cluster 3 in 18 patients with high function of β-cells (HOMA-B 228.53±63.32%), severe insulin resistance (HOMA-IR 6.92±4.77), features were high incidence of men, shorter duration of diabetes, lower fasting glycemia and HbA1c, lower diastolic BP and eGFR, high incidence of early development of diabetic retinopathy after 4.00±3.6 years.CONCLUSION: Cluster analysis in patients with different durations of diabetes mellitus confirmed the possibility of using cluster analysis to identify T2DM phenotypes in the Russian population. The clusters differed in the clinical characteristics of patients, the frequency and risk of diabetic complications. These results have potential value for early stratification of therapy.
Pewarnaan Fraksional Fuzzy pada Graf Fuzzy Beserta Aplikasinya dalam Penjadwalan Ujian
Authors: Prakasta Muhammad Lutfi , Munandar Arif 
Published: November 2023

Himpunan fuzzy dari waktu ke waktu terus berkembang. Himpunan fuzzy dikembangkan bersamaan dengan teori graf menghasilkan teori baru dinamakan graf fuzzy. Sebagaimana dalam teori graf terdapat pewarnaan, pada graf fuzzy juga terdapat pewarnaan. Inti pembahasan dari penelitian ini adalah pewarnaan fraksional fuzzy pada graf fuzzy. Pembahasan diawali dengan konsep dasar graf fuzzy dan pewarnaan graf fuzzy. Kemudian diakhiri dengan aplikasi penerapan pada penjadwalan ujian mahasiswa matematika.

Fuzzy sets will continue to develop from year to year. The development of fuzzy sets and graph theory resulted a new theory called fuzzy graphs. Similar to graph theory, fuzzy graphs also have coloring techniques. The main discussion of this research is fuzzy fractional coloring on fuzzy graphs. The discussion begins with the basic concepts of fuzzy graphs and fuzzy graph coloring. Then, at the end of the discussion also includes the application on scheduling student math exams.
Erschließung handschriftlicher Dokumente zwischen Fachwissen, Citizen Science und KI
Authors: Rehbein Malte , Ernst Marlene 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag erörtert Spannungsfelder, die sich aus der fortwährenden digitalen Transformation der Gesellschaft und dem „ChatGPT-Schock“ derzeit neu formieren. Anhand des Beispiels der Erschließung handschriftlicher Dokumente werden diese Felder analysiert und es wird versucht, die verschiedenen sich ändernden Rollen und Verständnisse auszuloten. Dies umfasst die Anteilseigner aus Bibliothek als traditionellem Informationsdienstleister, Plattformbetreiber als Mediatoren, Wissenschaft wie auch Gesellschaft, wobei sich die Technik zunehmend vom passiven Werkzeug zum handelnden Akteur wandelt. Aus diesen Überlegungen heraus wird eine Zukunftsperspektive einer prozess-orientierten Wissensschaffung abgeleitet, zu der alle genannten Akteure als „Co-Produzenten“ beitragen.