bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malignant transformation within benign adnexal skin tumours
Authors: Liegl B , Leibl S , Okcu M , Beham‐Schmid C , Regauer S 
Published: December 2004

Aims:  To report five malignant trichogenic tumours arising in longstanding, previously benign adnexal neoplasms through malignant transformation. Malignant trichogenic adnexal tumours are extremely rare neoplasms.Methods and results:  The patients were between 55 years and 79 years of age. Three of the tumours were located on the arms, two on the face. Three of our patients had a history of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, one patient had a history of colonic adenocarcinoma. The duration of the tumour nodules was reported as between 20 and 40 years before sudden changes occurred. These changes included rapid growth, pain, itching, ulceration and bleeding. Histologically, all tumours were well circumscribed and encapsulated. There was a residual benign tumour component and morphological signs such as bone formation, dystrophic calcification and sclerosis suggesting long duration of the lesions. All patients except for one, who refused further clinical investigation due to her advanced age of 79 years, had an underlying systemic malignancy.Conclusions:  The growth stimulus in these benign adnexal neoplasms resulting in malignant transformation may be attributed to the acquisition of additional genetic events or to immunosuppression due to an underlying neoplastic disease. Therefore, patients with systemic diseases or malignancy should be carefully examined and followed for sudden changes in pre‐existing benign cutaneous tumours.
Pleomorphic adenoma and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma: immunohistochemical demonstration of the association between tenascin expression and malignancy
Authors: Félix A , Rosa J C , Fonseca I , Cidadão A , Soares J 
Published: December 2004

Aims:  To investigate tenascin expression in salivary gland tumours. Tenascin is a matricellular protein that has been studied in several tumour types. Its expression has been correlated with tumour morphogenesis as well as with local invasiveness and tumour metastatic behaviour.Methods and results:  The distribution pattern of tenascin in a series of 63 pleomorphic adenomas (PA) and 20 carcinomas ex‐ pleomorphic adenoma (Ca ex PA) was studied immunohistochemically. Ten normal adult salivary glands were used as controls. Tenascin surrounded the excretory ducts of normal adult salivary gland tissue. It was absent in the basement membrane compartment of both benign and malignant mixed tumours. In the interstitial compartment of the extracellular matrix, the fibro‐hyaline type expressed tenascin in a statistically significantly (P < 0.001) lower number of PA cases (25%) in comparison with both malignant and benign areas of Ca ex PA (75% and 90%, respectively). In the Ca ex PA group, a statistically significantly difference (P < 0.001) was found in the frequency of tenascin deposits around aggregates of neoplastic cells between metastasizing (73%) and non‐metastasizing neoplasms (0%).Conclusions:  These findings strongly support the hypothesis that tenascin deposition is involved in the mechanisms of malignant transformation of pleomorphic adenomas into carcinomas as well as being associated with clinical disease progression.
Clinical utility of bone marrow flow cytometry in B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (B‐NHL)
Authors: Perea G , Altés A , Bellido M , Aventín A , Bordes R , Ayats R , Remacha A F , Espinosa I , Briones J , Sierra J , Nomdedéu J F 
Published: December 2004

Aim : To determine the efficacy of flow cytometry (FC) in the assessment of bone marrow (BM) in B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL). FC is a common practice, but is far from being validated.Methods and results : Morphological analysis and FC immunophenotyping were perfomed on 421 samples. T‐cell lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and hairy cell leukaemia were not included in the study. Clonality was assessed by the standard κ/λ/CD19 test. Aberrant immunophenotypes present in the B‐cell subpopulation were also investigated. A double‐step procedure was employed in all cases to increase the sensitivity of the FC procedure. Of 380 evaluable samples, 188 corresponded to follicular lymphoma (FL), 58 to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 57 to mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), seven to Burkitt's lymphoma and the remaining 70 samples to other low‐grade lymphomas. Morphological marrow infiltration was found in 148 cases, and flow immunophenotyping identified 138 cases with BM involvement. A concordance between the two methods was detected in 298 cases (79%). There was a discordance in 82 cases (21%): morphology positive/FC negative in 46 cases and morphology negative/FC positive in 36 (61% of all cases with discordance were from FL). There was no difference in outcome when patients with discordances were compared with patients without discordances.Conclusions : Most samples showed concordance between morphological and FC results. FC identified BM involvement in the absence of morphological infiltration. Morphology/FC discordance seems to have no influence on the outcome of FL patients.
The role of nuclear morphometry in prediction of prognosis for rhabdomyosarcoma in children
Authors: Kazanowska B , Jelen M , Reich A , Tarnawski W , Chybicka A 
Published: December 2004

Aims : To determine whether nuclear morphometry can be used in pretreatment diagnostic procedures to guide the therapy of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS).Materials and methods : Biopsy specimens obtained from 108 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma aged between 1 and 217 months treated in 12 paediatric oncology departments in Poland were evaluated. There were 65 (60.2%) specimens of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RME), 32 (29.6%) of alveolar RMS (RMA) and 11 (10.2%) cases of undifferentiated RMS (RMU). The clinical data from all analysed patients were evaluated. Nuclear morphometry was performed semiautomatically on haematoxylin–eosin‐stained sections using the MultiScan v.8.08 Computer Scanning System and an Olympus BX 50 microscope with a × 40 magnification lens.Results : In the RMA subtype cells with spindle‐shape nuclei were less common (P = 0.013) and cell nuclei were generally more round in comparison with RME (P = 0.033). The clinical outcome was better if the nuclei seen in biopsies of RMS were more spindle‐shaped (event‐free survival 0.51 and 0.23, respectively; P = 0.04) or more cells with spindle‐shaped nuclei were observed (event‐free survival 0.5 and 0.28, P =0.035). RME patients with small nuclei had a better outcome then patients with large nuclei (P = 0.014). In the RMA/RMU group, patients with small tumour cell nuclei had a worse prognosis than patients with larg tumour cell nuclei (P = 0.046).Conclusions : Nuclear morphometry is a useful tool in the assessment of children with RMS. Additionally, certain morphometric parameters could be easily applied in a selection of patients with good prognosis.
Neutrophilic phlebitis is characteristic of intestinal Behçet's disease and simple ulcer syndrome
Authors: Hayasaki N , Ito M , Suzuki T , Ina K , Ando T , Kusugami K , Goto H 
Published: December 2004

Aim : To characterize the histological features of intestinal Behçet's disease and simple ulcer syndrome and to clarify the possible mechanisms involved in their development by analysing the type of inflammatory infiltrates in the diseased intestine and the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells.Methods and results : Tissue samples from 10 patients diagnosed as having intestinal Behçet's disease or simple ulcer syndrome were studied. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on paraffin‐embedded tissue using a labelled streptavidin–biotin method. In all cases, phlebitis was remarkably seen in submucosal inflammatory lesions, but the adjacent arteries were not affected. Inflammatory infiltrates around the affected vessels consisted of neutrophils and mononuclear cells, and neutrophils predominated over CD68+ macrophages and lymphocytes. The majority of mononuclear cells were CD3+ T cells, and CD4+ cells were more frequent than CD8+ T cells. As for adhesion molecule expression, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, but not vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, was expressed in most endothelial cells of the vessels with phlebitis, some of which were also positive for HLA‐DR.Conclusion : Neutrophilic phlebitis may be involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal Behçet's disease and simple ulcer syndrome.
The diagnostic utility of MOC31, BerEP4, RCC marker and CD10 in the classification of renal cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma: an immunohistochemical analysis of 328 cases
Authors: Pan C‐C , Chen P C‐H , Ho D M‐T 
Published: December 2004

Aims:  To demonstrate the diagnostic utility of MOC31, BerEP4, renal cell carcinoma marker (RCC Ma) and CD10 in the classification of RCC and renal oncocytoma, based upon a comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis.Methods and results:  Immunohistochemistry was performed on 328 samples consisting of 256 clear cell/conventional, 27 papillary, 28 chromophobe, five collecting duct, five unclassified RCCs and seven renal oncocytomas using antibodies MOC31, BerEP4 and antibodies against cytokeratins (KL‐1, CAM5.2, 34βE12, cytokeratin 7), RCC Ma, epithelial membrane antigen, E‐cadherin, CD10, CD15 and vimentin. Multivariate analysis showed that MOC31, BerEP4, RCC Ma and CD10 have discriminatory value. MOC31 and BerEP4 chiefly labelled distal tubules of normal kidney while RCC Ma and CD10 labelled the proximal tubules. Twenty‐three chromophobe RCCs (82%) were reactive for MOC31, while only four clear cell RCCs and three papillary RCCs were positive for this marker. Clear cell RCCs were characterized by a high positive rate for CD10 (82%) and a low positive rate for BerEP4 (27%). Papillary RCCs frequently coexpressed RCC Ma and BerEP4 (51%). All renal oncocytomas were negative for MOC31 and CD10.Conclusions:  MOC31 has diagnostic merit in discerning chromophobe RCC. The CD10+/BerEP4– profile and RCC Ma+/BerEP4+ profile achieve moderate sensitivity and good specificity for clear cell RCC and papillary RCC, respectively. The non‐reactivity for both MOC31 and CD10 is helpful in distinguishing renal oncocytoma from RCC. When properly selected, antibodies have immunohistochemical diagnostic utility for the classification of renal cortical epithelial tumours.
Prevalence of CD99 protein expression in pancreatic endocrine tumours (PETs)
Authors: Goto A , Niki T , Terado Y , Fukushima J , Fukayama M 
Published: December 2004

Aims : To determine the prevalence of CD99 expression in pancreatic endocrine tumours (PETs). We evaluated CD99 expression and analysed Ki67 labelling by immunohistochemistry in PETs.Methods and results : Thirty‐eight PETs from 33 patients were analysed. CD99 immunoreactivity was consistently observed in normal islets of the pancreas, regardless of the cell type. Tumours comprising more than 30% CD99+ cells were defined as positively immunoreactive for CD99. CD99 expression was observed in 20 of the 38 PETs examined, but not in any of the pancreatic tumours of other histological subtypes (10 ductal adenocarcinomas, five intraductal papillary‐mucinous tumours, and two acinar cell tumours). Loss of CD99 expression was related to markers of worse prognosis for PET, including gross local invasion, metastasis to the lymph nodes or other organs, lymphatic or blood vessel invasion, and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). Thus, CD99 expression may have an efficiency comparable to that of high Ki67 labelling index (5% or more) for prognostication.Conslusions : CD99 expression was observed frequently and exclusively in PETs, and loss of CD99 expression in PETs was found to be associated with ominous prognostic indicators.
CD10 is a diagnostic and prognostic marker in renal malignancies
Authors: Langner C , Ratschek M , Rehak P , Schips L , Zigeuner R 
Published: December 2004

Aims:  To determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of CD10 immunoreactivity in renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs).Methods and results:  CD10 expression was investigated in primary (n = 180) and metastatic (n = 58) RCCs and upper urinary tract TCCs (n = 53) using a tissue microarray technique. One hundred and fifty‐four of 172 (90%) evaluable primary and 48/56 (86%) evaluable metastatic RCCs expressed CD10. Extensive immunoreactivity (positivity of >50% cancer cells) decreased with rising tumour grade in conventional RCCs [G1/G2 72/81 (89%), G3/G4 33/48 (69%); P = 0.009]. Chromophobe RCCs showed a significantly lower overall and extensive immunoreactivity compared with conventional tumours (P < 0.001). In papillary RCCs immunoreactivity of more than 10% of cancer cells for CD10 was seen more often in type 2 (7/8, 88%) compared with type 1 (5/12, 42%; P =0.054) tumours. In conventional RCCs, pure apical membranous staining was associated with low tumour stage (P = 0.003), low grade (P = 0.004) and improved prognosis on univariate analysis (P = 0.031). TCCs were less frequently stained (51%). Extensive staining, however, was associated with high‐stage tumours (P = 0.024), high‐grade (P = 0.073) tumours, and was associated with shorter disease‐free survival in univariate analysis (P = 0.003).Conclusions:  CD10 proved to be an additional marker for renal malignancies with predominantly diagnostic potential.
Gastric medullary carcinoma, a distinct entity associated with microsatellite instability‐H, prominent intraepithelial lymphocytes and improved prognosis
Authors: Lü B‐J , Lai M , Cheng L , Xu J‐Y , Huang Q 
Published: December 2004

Aims:  To determine the clinicopathological and molecular features of gastric medullary cancer.Methods and results:  Clinicopathological review and microsatellite instability (MSI) analysis were carried out on 17 gastric medullary and 64 non‐medullary cancers. In addition to characteristic histopathology, gastric medullary cancers had certain prominent features: (i) the average survival time was longer in medullary and low‐grade non‐medullary cancers than in high‐grade (P = 0.004); (ii) serosal involvement was less common in medullary cancers (29.4%, 5/17) than in non‐medullary cancers (9.4%, 6/64) (P < 0.05) while pushing borders were more common in medullary cancers (70.6%, 12/17 versus 17.2%, 11/64, P = 0); (iii) the presence of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in medullary and non‐medullary cancers was 2380/10 high‐power field (HPF) and 147/10 HPF (P = 0), respectively. Both peritumoural infiltrating lymphocytes (pTIL) and a Crohn's‐like reaction were more common in medullary cancers than in non‐medullary (pTIL 35.3%, 6/17 versus 3.1%, 2/64; a Crohn's‐like reaction 70.6%, 12/17 versus 32.8%, 21/64; P < 0.05); (iv) medullary and high‐grade non‐medullary cancers were more associated with reduced ECD expression in comparison with low‐grade cancers (P < 0.05); (v) higher MSI‐H (Bat26+) rate was observed in medullary cancers (41.2%, 7/17) than in non‐medullary (1.6%, 1/64) (P = 0).Conclusions:  Gastric medullary cancer has distinct clinicopathological features and genetic alterations. Two subtypes of gastric medullary cancers, Bat26+ and Bat26–, might have prognostic implications, thus analysis of Bat26 may be of clinical value.
Use of a molar clamp to isolate two adjacent single‐rooted teeth: a clinical aid
Authors: Chen K. L. , Wu Y. H. , Chen Y.‐H. M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAim  To emphasize the importance of rubber dam isolation in root canal treatment and to present a technique to simultaneously isolate two single‐rooted teeth using a molar clamp.Summary  Isolation of two adjacent teeth with inadequate tooth structure is a challenge. The split‐dam technique or using two clamps have drawbacks. This report presents a technique to simultaneously isolate two adjacent single‐rooted teeth that are difficult to isolate by conventional methods. Its advantages are efficiency, reduction of radiation exposure, better access, good visibility and isolation.Key learning points  • The basis of this technique is to isolate two teeth as two roots of a molar tooth.• The indications for this technique are two adjacent prepared crowns and crownless roots.• The appropriate molar clamp can be selected on the basis of the mesial–distal clamp jaw distance being equal to the mesial–distal spacing of the two roots. The buccal–lingual jaw distance of the clamp should be smaller than the dimension of the roots to provide adequate retention.
Efficacy, cleaning ability and safety of different rotary NiTi instruments in root canal retreatment
Authors: Hülsmann M. , Bluhm V. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAim  To evaluate the efficacy, cleaning ability and safety of three different rotary nickel‐titanium instruments with and without a solvent (eucalyptol) versus hand files in the removal of gutta‐percha root fillings.Methodology  Eighty extracted single‐rooted anterior teeth were enlarged to size 35 and obturated with laterally condensed gutta‐percha using AHPlus as the sealer. Removal of gutta‐percha was performed with the following devices and techniques: FlexMaster, GT Rotary, ProTaper and Hedström files. All techniques were used with and without the solvent eucalyptol. The following data were recorded: time taken to reach the calculated working length and time required for the removal of gutta‐percha. The teeth were split longitudinally and photographed. Cleanliness of the root canal walls was scored using the projected slides with a total magnification of approximately 70×. Statistical analysis was performed using the two‐way anova (P < 0.001) for the analysis of working time.Results  The technique that reached the working length most rapidly was that using ProTaper instruments and eucalyptol (+E), followed by FlexMaster + E, ProTaper, FlexMaster, Hedström files + E, GT Rotary + E, Hedström files, and GT Rotary. No significant differences were found for retreatment with or without a solvent in all groups. ProTaper and FlexMaster worked significantly more rapidly than Hedström files and GT Rotary (anova, P < 0.001). Time for complete removal of gutta‐percha was again shortest with ProTaper + E, followed by FlexMaster + E, ProTaper, FlexMaster, GT Rotary + E, Hedström files + E, Hedström files, and GT Rotary. ProTaper and FlexMaster again worked significantly faster than the other techniques (anova, P < 0.001). There was no visible filling material extruded apically. Root canal cleanliness proved best following the use of FlexMaster + E, and Hedström files + E, followed by ProTaper + E, and GT Rotary + E.Conclusion  Under the experimental conditions, FlexMaster and ProTaper NiTi instruments proved to be efficient and time‐saving devices for the removal of gutta‐percha. The use of eucalyptol as a solvent shortened the time to reach the working length and to remove the gutta‐percha, but this was not significant.
Investigation of the root canal configurations of mandibular permanent teeth in the Turkish population
Authors: Sert S. , Aslanalp V. , Tanalp J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAim  To investigate the root and canal morphology of mandibular permanent teeth collected from an indigenous Turkish population.Methodology  A total of 1400 extracted mandibular permanent teeth were evaluated. The teeth were divided into seven groups as central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, first premolars, second premolars, first molars and second molars in order to evaluate their root canal configurations. Access cavities were prepared and pulp tissue removed using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution. The teeth were stored in 5% nitric acid solution for 5 days, then rinsed under running water for 4 h and placed in increasing concentrations of ethyl alcohol. The teeth were rendered transparent by immersion in xylene solution for 3 days until complete transparency was achieved. Following this procedure, India ink was injected in the root canal systems and their configurations were examined and compared with the classification of Vertucci. The following observations were made: (i) root canal classification of mandibular teeth; (ii) morphology of the mandibular permanent teeth. The classification of Vertucci was taken as a reference during the evaluation; however additional canal morphological types were evaluated as separate groups.Results  The presence of a second canal was detected in 68% of mandibular central incisors and 63% of lateral incisors. Lateral canals were found in 6.5% of mandibular central incisors and in 13% of lateral incisors. Overall, 62% of mandibular first premolar teeth had a single canal whereas 71% of second premolars had a single canal. The mandibular first and second molar teeth exhibited similar root canal configurations except for a group of second molar teeth that had a single root and canal.Conclusions  The morphological characteristics of teeth in this Turkish population were consistent with those of other studies performed on different populations using similar methodology.
Family life in grocery stores – a study of interaction between adults and children
Authors: Pettersson Anette , Olsson Ulf , Fjellström Christina 
Published: December 2004

AbstractToday the family is seen as a unit for food choice and consumption. The influence of family members on food choice comprises several stages that can be carried out both in the private home and in the public sphere, such as the grocery store. This makes the grocery store a context in which ordinary family life can be observed. The aim was to study families and the interaction between children and adults in the grocery store, focusing on young people's involvement in food shopping. Hidden observation and family interview methods were used. A total of 338 people were observed in seven different grocery stores in Stockholm during the summer and autumn of 2003. Seven family interviews, involving a total of 29 persons, were conducted in Uppsala in the spring of 2003. In the interviews, parents reported avoiding shopping for food together with children as they experienced it as stressful and exhausting. The observations showed that family life in the grocery store comprises not only the food purchase, but also bringing up children and consumer education. Young people's involvement in the food purchase varied depending on their age and the specific product. The different behaviour observed may be interpreted as reflecting the variation in ways of bringing up children at home. Another conclusion is that a public place such the grocery store facilitates pedagogical situations and can work as a tool for informal education.
The dietary and health behaviour of young people aged 18–25 years living independently or in the family home in Liverpool, UK
Authors: Beasley Lucy J. , Hackett Allan F. , Maxwell Sheila M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAn individual's dietary habits are largely developed during childhood and adolescence, and are likely to be determined by both nature (the development of sensory perceptions) and nurture (parental influence, and later on the influence of peers). However, diet is likely to evolve throughout the life cycle as circumstances change and new influences are introduced to an individual's lifestyle. An example of this is the changes in diet that occur as a result of the transition young people make away from the family home into independent living. Leaving behind the meals provided and cooked by parents/guardians and learning how to shop on a budget and prepare and cook for themselves may result in the adoption of poor eating habits, which is likely to have a detrimental effect on health. Leaving behind the restrictions of parental control may also result in the adoption of unhealthy lifestyle practices such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. This study therefore seeks to investigate the effect of leaving home on a young person's diet and lifestyle. Health behaviour and food intake was assessed by questionnaire. Findings suggest that a young person's diet may change after leaving home, but these changes are not necessarily negative. More negative health behaviour was observed in young people living independently.