bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-Course Versus Prolonged-Course Antimicrobial Therapy in Adults With Catheter-Related Septic Thrombosis: A Propensity-Weighted Retrospective Study
Authors: Stoldick Marine , Vannier Margot , Verdalle-Cazes Mikael , Etienne Manuel , Alexandre Kévin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Optimal duration of antimicrobial therapy (AT) for catheter-related septic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is unknown. We aimed to compare the outcomes of patients receiving short-course AT (≤21 days) versus prolonged-course AT (&gt;21 days).

Methods
This was a monocentric retrospective study comparing adults with catheter-related septic DVT from 2015 to 2020 treated with short- or prolonged-course AT. A propensity score–weighted analysis was used to mitigate potential bias. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality or recurrent bloodstream infection 30 days after AT discontinuation.

Results
Of 172 patients with catheter-related septic DVT, 104 were treated with prolonged-course AT and 68 with short-course AT. In the propensity score analysis, we found no significant difference in 30-day all-cause mortality or relapse between the 2 groups (inverse probability of treatment weighted hazard ratio [wHR], 2.16 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .68–6.88]; P = .192). No differences in 90-day all-cause mortality and 90-day relapse were observed between the treatment groups (wHR, 1.01 [95% CI, .49–2.05], P = .987 and 1.13 [95% CI, .08–15.62], P = .928, respectively).

Conclusions
A 21-day AT could be an effective and safe option to treat catheter-related septic DVT. Further randomized studies are needed to establish the optimal duration of AT for patients with catheter-related septic DVT.
Listening to Muslim Women’s Lived Expertise Concerning Surviving Family Violence and Seeking Islamic Community Divorce in the Australian Context: A Qualitative Analysis of Muslim Women's, Community/religious Leader’s, and professional Responder’s Perspectives
Authors: Krayem Ghena , Funston Leticia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Many Muslim women in Australia seek religious divorce through various community processes, as religious divorce is often perceived to be more personally and spiritually significant than a civil divorce. Many Muslim women seek religious divorce because their current or former husbands have used domestic and family violence and coercive control against them and their children. The article is based on an Australian Research Council-funded qualitative research project exploring Muslim women’s experiences of Sharia community divorce processes in Australia. This multi-site research project took place across two major Australian cities between 2016 and 2020 and involved in-depth semi-structured interviews with 63 participants including, Muslim women, community/religious leaders and professional responders (for example lawyers, psychologists, community support and domestic and family violence workers) who have experience of supporting women through community divorce processes. This article explores Muslim women’s lived expertise to guide helpful and transformative responses to domestic and family violence in the context of religious divorce in Australia.
Innovative Enterprise, Industrial Leadership, and Sustainable Prosperity
Authors: Lazonick William 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a retrospective account of nearly five decades of historical and comparative research aimed at developing an economic theory that explains the shifts across nations in industrial leadership and addresses the policy challenges of developing and sustaining a successful and equitable economy. The initial research focused on the dynamics of the British cotton-textile industry, the global 19th-century leader that lost international competitiveness in the 20th century. The focus expanded to the social conditions that supported innovation across industries in Britain, the United States, and Japan in global competition in the 20th century, providing empirical foundations for the Social Conditions of Innovative Enterprise (SCIE) framework. In turn, this framework has permitted systematic research into the transition of many United States corporations from innovation to financialization, with implications for extreme economic inequality in the United States and the loss of US industrial leadership to China.
Analysis of conformational stability of interacting residues in protein binding interfaces
Authors: Chauhan Varun M , Pantazes Robert J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
After approximately 60 years of work, the protein folding problem has recently seen rapid advancement thanks to the inventions of AlphaFold and RoseTTAFold, which are machine-learning algorithms capable of reliably predicting protein structures from their sequences. A key component in their success was the inclusion of pairwise interaction information between residues. As research focus shifts towards developing algorithms to design and engineer binding proteins, it is likely that knowledge of interaction features at protein interfaces can improve predictions. Here, 574 protein complexes were analyzed to identify the stability features of their pairwise interactions, revealing that interactions between pre-stabilized residues are a selected feature in protein binding interfaces. In a retrospective analysis of 475 de novo designed binding proteins with an experimental success rate of 19%, inclusion of pairwise interaction pre-stabilization parameters increased the frequency of identifying experimentally successful binders to 40%.
Comprehensive validation of early diagnostic algorithms for myocardial infarction in the emergency department
Authors: Tada M , Matano H , Azuma H , Kano K -I , Maeda S , Fujino S , Yamada N , Uzui H , Tada H , Maeno K , Shimada Y , Yoshida H , Ando M , Ichihashi T , Murakami Y , Homma Y , Funakoshi H , Obunai K , Matsushima A , Ohte N , Takeuchi A , Takada Y , Matsukubo S , Ando H , Furukawa Y , Kuriyama A , Fujisawa T , Chapman A R , Mills N L , Hayashi H , Watanabe N , Furukawa T A 
Published: October 2023

Summary

Objective
To comprehensively evaluate diagnostic algorithms for myocardial infarction using a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) assay.

Patients and methods
We prospectively enrolled patients with suspected myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation from nine emergency departments in Japan. The diagnostic algorithms evaluated: (i) based on hs-cTnI alone, such as the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 0/1-h or 0/2-h and High-STEACS pathways; or (ii) used medical history and physical findings, such as the ADAPT, EDACS, HEART, and GRACE pathways. We evaluated the negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity as safety measures, and proportion of patients classified as low or high-risk as an efficiency measure for a primary outcome of type 1 myocardial infarction or cardiac death within 30 days.

Results
We included 437 patients, and the hs-cTnI was collected at 0 and 1 hours in 407 patients and at 0 and 2 hours in 394. The primary outcome occurred in 8.1% (33/407) and 6.9% (27/394) of patients, respectively. All the algorithms classified low-risk patients without missing those with the primary outcome, except for the GRACE pathway. The hs-cTnI-based algorithms classified more patients as low-risk: the ESC 0/1-h 45.7%; the ESC 0/2-h 50.5%; the High-STEACS pathway 68.5%, than those using history and physical findings (15–30%). The High-STEACS pathway ruled out more patients (20.5%) by hs-cTnI measurement at 0 hours than the ESC 0/1-h and 0/2-h algorithms (7.4%).

Conclusions
The hs-cTnI algorithms, especially the High-STEACS pathway, had excellent safety performance for the early diagnosis of myocardial infarction and offered the greatest improvement in efficiency.
Prognostic value of Controlling Nutritional Status score for postoperative complications and biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Xiong Tianyu , Ye Xiaobo , Zhu Guangyi , Cao Fang , Cui Yun , Song Liming , Wang Mingshuai , Wasilijiang Wahafu , Xing Nianzeng , Niu Yinong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundControlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score was used for screening the preoperative nutritional status. The correlation between the CONUT score and the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) has yet to be elucidated. Herein, we analyzed the prognostic value of CONUT scores in patients with PCa who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.Materials and methodsData of 244 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Perioperative variables and follow-up data were analyzed. The patients were categorized into 2 groups according to their preoperative CONUT scores. Postoperative complication and incontinence rates were also compared. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the median biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCRFS) between the 2 groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the potential prognostic factors for BCRFS.ResultsPatients were categorized into the low-CONUT group (CONUT score <3,n= 207) and high-CONUT group (CONUT score ≥3,n= 37). The high-CONUT group had a higher overall complication rate (40.5% vs.19.3%,p= 0.004), a higher major complication rate (10.8% vs. 3.9%,p= 0.013), and longer postoperative length of stay (8 days vs. 7 days,p= 0.017). More fever, urinary infection, abdominal infection, scrotal edema, rash, and hemorrhagic events (allpvalues < 0.05) were observed in the high-CONUT group. A higher rate of urinary incontinence was observed in the high-CONUT group at 1 (34.4% vs. 13.2%,p= 0.030) and 3 months (24.1% vs. 8.2%,p= 0.023) postoperatively. The high-CONUT group had shorter medium BCRFS (23.8 months vs. 54.6 months,p= 0.029), and a CONUT score ≥3 was an independent risk factor for a shorter BCRFS (hazards ratio, 1.842;p= 0.026).ConclusionsThe CONUT score is a useful predictive tool for higher postoperative complication rates and shorter BCRFS in patients with PCa who undergo laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
Impact of Integrated Pharmacology Instruction by Principal Faculty Pharmacists in Two Physician Assistant Programs: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Draper Andrew , Schwartz Michael , Coombs Jennifer Myers , Gindoff Alan , Spackman Jared , Pedersen Donald M. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
In recent years, there has been a growing trend toward integrating pharmacology instruction into physician assistant (PA) programs by dedicated PA faculty pharmacists. Pharmacists train to become medication experts. Incorporating pharmacist instruction in a PA program during the didactic year provides PA students with an early opportunity to experience interprofessional education and interdisciplinary synergy through clinical application.

Methods
This article presents a retrospective study that aims to evaluate the impact of integrated pharmacology instruction by principal PA faculty pharmacists on student satisfaction and standardized assessment metrics. Student satisfaction was measured by course evaluations and exit/alumni surveys. Standardized metrics included Physician Assistant Clinical Knowledge Rating and Assessment Tool and Physician Assistant National Certifying Exam assessments.

Results
The findings indicate that having a principal faculty member with specialized expertise in pharmacology has improved the overall course satisfaction, knowledge, and competence of PA students and perceptions of the relevance and effectiveness of pharmacology instruction in their clinical practice.

Conclusion
The results of this study support the value of using pharmacist faculty members in PA programs to enhance the quality of pharmacology instruction and ultimately contribute to the success of PA students in their professional careers.
Academic Rank Disparities in Minoritized and Racialized Physician Assistant Educators
Authors: Ryujin Darin , Coombs Jennifer , Sturges Daytheon , Najmabadi Shahpar , Rodríguez José E. , Maldonado Maria , Loder Rayne , Yole-Lobe Menerva , Bradley-Guidry Carolyn 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the disparities in career progression and the need for inclusive mentorship in the physician assistant (PA) profession, specifically focusing on racial/ethnic minority faculty.

Methods
Pooled data from the Physician Assistant Education Association Program Survey in 2015, 2017, and 2019 were analyzed to examine the effect of PA faculty race/ethnicity on academic rank promotion. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between faculty race/ethnicity and the likelihood of being in a middle/late-career (associate/professor) or early-career status (instructor/assistant), adjusting for confounding factors.

Results
The analysis revealed significant disparities in career progression, particularly for Black/African American and Hispanic faculty members, who were 44% less likely to be in late-career positions compared with White faculty. These disparities persisted even after accounting for gender, highest degree, region, and years in rank. The slower career progression experienced by minoritized faculty can have negative impacts, such as lower salaries, impostorism, reduced social capital, isolation, marginalization, burnout, and attrition.

Conclusion
The findings highlight the urgent need for increased efforts to promote diversity and inclusion in the PA profession. Creating a more equitable academic environment requires addressing systemic biases, implementing inclusive mentorship initiatives, and promoting diversity in hiring and promotion decisions. By prioritizing equity, diversity, and inclusion, the PA profession can foster a more diverse, innovative, and satisfied workforce while reducing turnover. Continued research and evidence-based strategies are essential to effectively address these disparities and create a more inclusive and equitable environment in the PA profession.
The accuracy ofApis melliferareference genomes: from version Amel 3.0 to Amel 4.5
Authors: Conlon Benjamin H. , Oertelt Eike , Routtu Jarkko 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe availabilty of reference genomes is accelerating rapidly, making their use in a wide variety of biological research programmes more feasible than ever. However, current Next-Generation Sequencing platforms are limited in the length of reads they are able to produce; requiring the correct order to be determined algorithmically. While there is a potential for errors in assembly algorithims, genetic pedigree data can be used to identify recombination events and, as recombination events are rare locally, test the order of sequences within a genome assembly. We use high-resolution population genomic data to test and compare the assembly quality of the three most recent reference genome assemblies for the western honey bee (Apis mellifera). As a model organism, there are several reference genomes available forA. melliferawith estimated recombination rates ranging from 19 cM/Mb to 37 cM/Mb. We identify a large degree of variation between assemblies and find that at least 20% of the most recentA. melliferareference genome is mis-assembled. Providing an explanation for the degree of variation in estimated recombination rates and potentially influencing results downstream.
Classification and management strategy of spontaneous carotid artery dissection
Authors: Zhou Baoning , Li Chong , Jiao Zhouyang , Cao Hui , Xu Peng , Liu Shirui , Li Zhen , Hua Zhaohui 
Published: October 2023

Background and PurposeSpontaneous carotid artery dissections (sCAD) are the main cause of stroke in middle-aged and young people. There is still a lack of clinical classification to guide the management of sCAD. We reviewed our experience with 179 sCAD patients and proposed a new classification for sCAD with prognostic and therapeutic significance.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data from June 2018 to June 2023 of sCAD patients treated at a large tertiary academic institution in an urban city in China. Depending on the degree of luminal narrowing and pseudoaneurysm formation on imaging, sCAD was classified into four types. Type IV dissections were divided into type IVA and type IVB dissections according to the presence of intracranial occlusion.ResultsA total of 179 patients and 197 dissected arteries met the inclusion criteria. More than two-thirds of type I dissections are completely recanalized after antithrombotic therapy, and only one case (1.8%) had recurrent ischemic stroke. A total of 38 % of type II dissections and 73% of type III dissections received endovascular treatment (EVT) for persistent flow-limited dissections, enlargement of pseudoaneurysm, or aggravation of clinical symptoms despite antithrombotic therapy. Type IV dissections are more likely to lead to the occurrence of ischemic stroke, and presented with more severe symptoms. About 33% of type IVB dissections received emergent intervention due to intracranial occlusion or aggravation of symptoms after medical treatment.ConclusionsThis study proposes a novel and more comprehensive classification method and management strategy for sCAD. Antithrombotic therapy is beneficial to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke for stable sCAD like type I. Non-emergent EVT can be an alternative therapeutic approach for patients who meet indications as in type II to IVA. Urgent procedure with neurovascular intervention might be needed in those with type IVB SCAD. The short-term results of EVT for sCAD are encouraging, and long-term device-related and functional outcome should be elucidated.
Drug classes affecting intracranial aneurysm risk: genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization
Authors: Ruigrok Ynte M. , Veldink Jan H. , Bakker Mark K. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract and key wordsBackgroundThere is no non-invasive treatment option to prevent aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (ASAH) caused by intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture. We aimed to identify drug classes that may affect liability to IA using a genetic approach.MethodsWe obtained genome-wide association summary statistics for unruptured IA (N=2,140 cases), ASAH (N=5,140 cases), and the combined group (N=7,495 cases; N=71,934 controls in all groups), and drug usage from 23 drug classes (N up to 320,000) based on European-ancestry cohorts. We calculated genetic correlation between IA and ASAH, and liability to drug usage independent of the risk factor high blood pressure. Next, we evaluated the causality and therapeutic potential of independent correlated drug classes using three different Mendelian randomization frameworks.ResultsBlood pressure-independent correlations with IA were found for antidepressants, paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, opioids, beta-blockers, and peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease drugs. MR showed that the genetically predicted usage of none of these drug classes were causally related to IA. Genetically predicted high responders to antidepressant drugs were at higher risk of IA (odds ratio [OR]=1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.09-2.39, P=0.018) and ASAH (OR=1.68, 95%CI=1.07-2.65, P=0.024) if they used antidepressant drugs. This effect was absent in non-users. For beta-blockers, additional analyses showed that this effect was not independent of blood pressure after all. Genetic liability to chronic multisite pain, an indication for pain medication (paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, and opioids), was associated with increased IA risk (OR=1.63, 95%CI=1.24-2.14), but not consistently across sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsWe did not find drugs decreasing liability to IA and ASAH but did find that antidepressant drugs may increase liability. In addition, we observed pleiotropy between IA, chronic pain, and pain medication usage, but the driving factor for this pleiotropy remains to be determined. Our results help to better understanding pathogenic mechanisms underlying IA.
A method for sampling parasitizedDrosophila suzukiipuparia from soil
Authors: Capko Clarissa , Thiessen Jason , Harach Lana , Fraser Jessica L. , Franklin Michelle T. , Abram Paul K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMethods to measure the diversity and biological control impact of parasitoids for the control of spotted-wing drosophila,Drosophila suzukii(Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) are being developed in support of biological control programs around the world. Existing methods to determine parasitism levels and parasitoid species composition focus on samplingD. suzukiiwithin fresh and rotting fruit. However, manyD. suzukiipupate in the soil or in dropped fruit, where additional parasitism could occur and where their parasitoids are thought to overwinter. Here we introduce a method for extracting parasitizedD. suzukiipuparia from the soil through a sieve and flotation system, allowing for effective collection of puparia, from which parasitoids can then be reared. Although the method considerably underestimates the absolute number of puparia in soil samples, it nonetheless yields a high number of puparia relative to sampling effort and provides a robust estimate of the relative abundance of puparia among samples. Using this method, we confirmed that at least five species of parasitoids, including some that have rarely been detected in past studies, overwinter in their immature stages insideD. suzukiipuparia in south coastal British Columbia, Canada. The ability to sample puparia from the soil will lead to a more comprehensive view of bothD. suzukiiand parasitoid abundance throughout the season, help confirm parasitoid establishment following intentional releases, and provide a way to measure the diversity of parasitoid species and potential interactions among parasitoids (e.g., hyper- or klepto-parasitism) that can often occur on the soil surface.
Patient Screening for Self-Expanding Percutaneous Pulmonary Valves using Virtual Reality
Authors: Zablah Jenny E. , Than Jeannie , Brownen Lorna P. , Rodriguez Salvador , Morgan Gareth J. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn recent years, self-expanding technology to treat pulmonary regurgitation in the native RVOT became FDA approved in the U.S. and is now routinely used. The current practice for selection of patients who are candidates for these devices includes screening for “anatomic fit”, performed by each of the manufacturing companies. Our study aims to validate the use of virtual reality as a tool for local physician-led screening of patients.MethodsThis retrospective study from Children’s Hospital Colorado included patients who underwent pulmonary valve replacement and had screening for a Harmony TPV or Alterra Pre Stent performed between September 2020 and January 2022. The data from the commercial companies dedicated analysis for self-expanding TPVR evaluation with perimeter analysis was collected. Virtual Reality simulation was performed blinded by two congenital interventional cardiologists using Elucis virtual reality software and an Oculus Quest 2 headset.ResultsAmong the 27 evaluated cases, the use of a self-expandable valve was recommended by companies dedicated analysis in 23 cases (85.2%), by VR assessment in 26 cases (96.3) and finally implanted in 25 cases (92.6%). Regarding the level of agreement, both modalities (Manufacturer and VR) were good at screeninginpatients who received a self-expanding valve (100% vs. 96.1%). When it came to screening the patientsout, VR presented good capacity to accurately classify non-suitable patients (50% vs. 100%).ConclusionOur institutional experience with virtual reality TPVR planning, accurately predicted clinical outcomes. This paves the way for routine use of VR in patient selection for self-expanding valve technologies.