bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aletheic Vengeance
Authors: Scharp Kevin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thinking about truth can be more dangerous than it looks. Of course, our concept of truth is the source of one of the most frustrating and impenetrable paradoxes humans have ever contemplated, the liar paradox, but that is just the beginning of its treachery. In an effort to understand why one of the most beloved and revered members of our conceptual repertoire could cause us so much trouble, philosophers have for centuries proposed ‘solutions’ to the liar paradox. However, it seems that our concept of truth takes offense to our efforts to understand it because it appears to retaliate against those who propose ‘solutions’ to the liar. It takes its revenge on us by creating new paradoxes from our own attempts to find resolution. That is, most proposed solutions to the liar paradox give rise to new, more insidious paradoxes— often called revenge paradoxes. For our attempts at understanding, truth rewards us with inconsistent theories, untenable logics, and a deep feeling of bewilderment.
A Note on Gibbard’s “Rational Credence and the Value of Truth”
Authors: Swanson Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gibbard observes that “With an epistemically rational person, it is as if, by her own lights, she were aiming at truth,” and argues that although aiming at guidance value is sufficient for this kind of “epistemic immodesty,” aiming at truth alone is not. His arguments trade on an analogy between a certain kind of idealized believer and ordinary believers like us: if it is (in certain respects) “as if” we are such idealized believers, then there is good reason to think that we have (certain of) their features. Here I try to undermine Gibbard’s case by showing that for another kind of idealized believer—a kind that is more like us than Gibbard’s believers are—in many cases having the aim of truth alone does suffice for epistemic immodesty. In particular, a believer who ‘aims at truth’ in part by being sensitive to new evidence in the way that is most conducive to the eventual accuracy of her beliefs most prefers her actual credences.
The Roots of Reason
Authors: Papineau David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
David Papineau presents a controversial view of human reason, portraying it as a normal part of the natural world, and drawing on the empirical sciences to illuminate its workings. In these six interconnected essays he offers a fresh approach to some long-standing problems. Papineau rejects the contemporary orthodoxy that genuine thought hinges on some species of non-natural normativity. He explores the evolutionary histories of theoretical and practical rationality, indicating ways in which capacities underlying human reasoning have been selected for their biological advantages. He then looks at the connection between decision and probability, explaining how good decisions need to be informed by causal as well as probabilistic facts. Finally he defends the radical view that a satisfactory understanding of decision-making is only possible within a specific interpretation of quantum mechanics. By placing the subject in its scientific context, Papineau shows how human rationality plays an explicable role in the functioning of the natural world.
Plato on Naming
Authors: Fine Gail 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Plato is sometimes criticized for having failed to distinguish names and sentences, and naming and stating, until the Sophist, and this failure is thought to underlie both his supposed perplexity about false belief in the Cratylus, Theaetetus, and elsewhere, and his claim, in the Cratylus, that names can be true and false. Interestingly enough, the charge has been pressed from two quite different directions.
Conflicting Appearances: Theaetetus 153 d-154 b
Authors: Fine Gail 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ancient and modern philosophers alike have been fascinated by the socalled problem of conflicting appearances. The problem is simply this. There are, or at least seem to be, conflicting appearances: the wind seems cold to me, but not to you; the honey seems sweet to me, but not to you; abortion seems right to me, but not to you. What should we infer? Numerous answers have been proposed. In this essay, I consider the answer Plato attributes to Protagoras in Theaetetus 153 d–154 b. The passage has been analysed in detail by Myles Burnyeat, in his fascinating and stimulating paper ‘Conflicting Appearances’1 and I shall accordingly spend some time exploring his account, as well as proposing my own.
Darwin and Human Nature
Authors: Dupré John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper is not about Darwin but about recent Darwinism. Though Darwin himself certainly had some ideas about my topic, human nature, here I shall be concerned not with these but with contemporary ideas deriving from Darwin, and the relevance of these for our understanding of human nature. I shall begin with some more recent history of science. The evolutionary basis of human nature, or anyhow human behaviour, is a currently topical issue. Although, as is well known, attempts to apply Darwinian ideas to the better understanding of our own species have been made since soon after the publication of Darwin’s theory, there has been a particularly active movement of this sort in the last three decades. The landmark event for this recent movement is, no doubt, the publication of E. 0. Wilson’s Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. in 1975.
Conversations with Apes: Reflections on the Scientific Study of Language
Authors: Dupré John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Contemporary attempts to teach a form of language to great apes date from the work of Beatrice and Allen Gardner. While a number of earlier attempts were made to teach spoken languages to domestically raised chimpanzees,1 these were uniformly unsuccessful. The insight pursued by the Gardners was that the failures might be due as much to the apes’ lack of suitable vocal mechanisms as to their lack of linguistic aptitude (Gardner and Gardner 1971). They therefore attempted instead to teach their charges-notably the chimpanzee Washoe, undoubtedly the best-known of the talking apes-American Sign Language, or Ameslan. The Gardners claimed considerable success for this project, Washoe acquiring a vocabulary of well over a hundred signs2 and significant conversational skills. Since then a number of other chimpanzees have been instructed in sign language (Fouts 1973: 978-80; Terrace 1987) as well as a pair of gorillas (Patterson and Linden 1981) and an orang-utan (Miles 1983).
Herbert Read
Authors: Harding Jason 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The contents of a literary magazine are heterogeneous and not every contribution has the same level of editorial approval. The chapters in this section concentrate on the individual biographies of leading contributors to the Criterion in an attempt to explore the internal dynamics that shaped the character of the periodical. The case of Herbert Read’s changing role on the Criterion is highly illustrative in this regard. Eliot chose his metaphor carefully when he described Read as a ‘rock’: the most frequent book reviewer in the files of the Criterion, a contributor of numerous essays, poems, published correspondence, and up to 1929 regular reviews of American periodicals.
Bonamy Dobrée
Authors: Harding Jason 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bonamy Dobrée was a close friend of Eliot and a frequent and prolific contributor to the Criterion. His style of reviewing was colloquial and familiar, notable for its geniality and touches of flippancy, balanced with the urbane tones of the cultivated dilettante. In some respects, he exemplifies the Criterion’s links to the world of the gentlemanly Edwardian ‘man of letters’; a figure at some remove from the academic professionalism and specialization that increasingly came to influence literary journalism in the 1930s.
A Religio-Political Organ
Authors: Harding Jason 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent critical commentary has too often assumed that the political ideas formulated and debated in the Criterion can be dismissed as predictably conservative, even proto-fascist. On the contrary, a sympathetic consideration of the journal’s treatment of political affairs unearths Eliot’s editorial determination not to oversimplify difficult and complex areas of politico-cultural exchange. It is true that the early volumes of the Criterion exhibited a somewhat dandyish reluctance to enter the political arena. In ‘The Idea of a Literary Review’ (January 1926), Eliot observed that a literary review ‘must protect its disinterestedness, must avoid the temptation ever to appeal to any social, political or theological prejudices’.
Indeterminacy and Entanglement: The Challenge of Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Bub Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I explore the nature of the problem generated by the transition from classical to quantum mechanics, and I survey some of the different responses to this problem. I show briefly how recent work on quantum information over the past ten years has led to a shift of focus, in which the puzzling features of quantum mechanics are seen as a resource to be developed rather than a problem to be solved.
What is so puzzling about quantum mechanics? Remarkably, there is no general consensus among physicists as to the nature of the problem, or even whether there is a genuine problem. As Feynman ([1982], p. 467) put it: ‘I cannot define the real problem, therefore I suspect there’s no real problem, but I’m not sure there’s no real problem.’
Introduction
Authors: Inwood Brad 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lucius Annaeus Seneca, known as Seneca the Younger because of the fame of his father, was a Roman senator, a man of letters, an influential political adviser to the last emperor of the Julio- Claudian dynasty, and a philosopher. His importance in literature, politics, and philosophy makes him an unusually interesting intellectual, but in this book only his work as a philosopher will be addressed. In philosophy Seneca adhered to Stoicism and it is as a Stoic philosopher that he has had the most powerful impact on later centuries. I was at first attracted by the problem of his relationship to earlier Stoic philosophy, but before long I found myself fascinated by his philosophical achievement for its own sake. The twelve essays collected here represent fifteen years of work on Seneca. The earliest, ‘Seneca and Psychological Dual- ism’, was first written in 1989, and the most recent, ‘Seneca and Self Assertion’, was revised for a seminar at the University of Paris in May 2004. With the exception of ‘Rules and Reasoning in Stoic Ethics’, all were composed originally for presentation at one conference or another and I have not made a concerted effort to erase the evidence of oral delivery; similarly, I have not updated various references to the currency of various pieces of secondary literature which are embedded in many of the essays.
Natural Law in Seneca
Authors: Inwood Brad 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The theme of natural law has often been controversial in the study of ancient philosophy, in part because its later history is intricately entangled with Christian theology and with seven- tenth-century notions of natural law, but also because of an occasional failure to define with sufficient clarity what is meant by the term. It was Plato who first juxtaposed ‘ law’ and ‘nature’ in the famous speech of Callicles in the Gorgias; since then the coupling of terms which had previously and almost inevitably been seen as polar opposites has raised a wide range of problems and puzzles. Many of these involve the fragmentary remains of early Stoicism, and I have made some effort to sort out a few of these issues in a discussion of moral rules and practical reasoning in Stoic thought. Cicero’s philosophical works have also provoked interest, especially the De Re Publicaand the De Legibus. But no matter how much sympathy Cicero had for Stoicism and despite his use of characters whose persona is Stoic, he is himself an Academic by inclination as well as by choice, and the synthesizing tendencies of Antiochus of Ascalon left their mark on him.
Cognitive Ethology at the End of Neuroscience
Authors: Jamieson Dale 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the beginning, humans were animals. Accounts of the belief systems of aboriginal peoples often emphasize the fact that these peoples viewed themselves as continuous with the rest of nature. Animals were worshipped, hunted, and respected. They were also agents with whom one made agreements, and in some cases even entered into conjugal relationships. Of course aboriginal peoples distinguished between those who were members of their own group and those who were outsiders. But, in many cases, some animals were considered insiders and other humans were treated as outsiders. Thus, for many aboriginal peoples, life was fully lived in inter-species communities.
Pain and the Evolution of Behaviour
Authors: Jamieson Dale 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While almost everyone would initially claim to subscribe to this truism, it appears to have sweeping implications that are quite at odds with most people’s behaviour or beliefs. We live in a world that is characterized by vast amounts of preventable human suffering caused by war, poverty, and persecution. The resources devoted to one night’s up-market dining in any major European or American city could reduce the suffering of vast numbers of people in Africa, Asia, or Latin America. Moreover, the production of food for one night’s upmarket dining directly entails vast amounts of animal suffering. Foie gras is expensive for the geese as well as for the humans. If we really subscribed to the truism, it appears that we would refrain from such excesses.
Impossible Words?
Authors: Fodor Jerry , Lepore Ernest 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE idea that quotidian, middle-level concepts typically have internal structure-definitional, statistical, or whatever-plays a central role in practically every current approach to cognition. Correspondingly, the idea that words that express quotidian, middle-level concepts have complex representations ‘at the semantic level’ is recurrent in linguistics; it is the defining thesis of what is often called ‘lexical semantics ‘, and it unites the generative and interpretive traditions of grammatical analysis. Hale and Keyser (1993) (HK) have endorsed a version of lexical decomposition according to which ‘denominal’ verbs are typically derived from phrases containing the corresponding nouns: ‘singvtr,; is supposed to come from something like DO A SONG; ‘saddlev1/ is supposed to come from something like PUT A SADDLE ON; ‘shelvev1/ is supposed to come from something like PUT ON A SHELF; and so forth. Their case for these claims revives a form of argument, the ‘impossible-word’ argument, which has for some time been in eclipse. In this article we will claim that, whatever the right account of lexical decomposition eventually turns out to be, impossible-word arguments are infirm and should be discounted. We will use HK ‘s paper as a text for this critique.
A Priori Concepts
Authors: Cassam Quassim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Are there any a priori concepts? On one reading, a concept is a priori if and only if it cannot be derived or acquired from experience. In Kant ‘s terminology, a priori concepts ‘must be in a position to show a certificate of birth quite other than that of descent from experiences ‘ (A 86-7/B II9 ). The contrast is with empirical concepts, which can be derived from experience. The concepts whose apriority Kant is most concerned to emphasize in the first Critique are the categories, but he also applies the label a priori ‘ to many other concepts, including those of space and time, mathematical concepts, moral concepts, and the transcendental ideas. When a concept is deemed to be a priori in virtue of the fact that it cannot be derived from experience I will say that it is derivationally a priori.
Functionalism and Broad Content
Authors: Jackson Frank , Pettiti Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The contents of certain intentional states are broad or context00ADbound. The contents of some beliefs (and desires and hopes ... ) depend on how things are outside the subject in addition to depending on how things are inside the subject.’ What implications does this have for the functionalist theory of mind? In this essay we defend the simplest reply to this question.
Human Rationality and the Unique Origin Constraint
Authors: Matthen Mohan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
More than one philosopher has hypothesized that the function of rationality is to lead us to true beliefs. In the context of evolution, this means that human rationality was selected for this capacity. If so, human rationality ought to approximate to the best systems of deductive and inductive logic, a consequence that many philosophers have accepted on independent grounds. However, there are two problems with the above hypothesis concerning function. First, empirical research indicates that human reasoning systematically falls short of ‘logic’. But, the hypothesis about function implies that all systems of rationality would converge upon logic.
The Diffusion of Verbal Categories
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Verbal categories in Tariana show strong evidence of indirect diffusion from East Tucanoan languages. Verbal categories across Arawak languages are much less uniform than nominal categories, and often reflect the structural influence of neigh-bouring languages—see Aikhenvald (2001b). This lack of uniformity in verbal morphology may have originated from the basic principles of syntactic organiza-tion of the clause. In most Arawak languages the verb is a minimal clause and arguments expressed with a full noun phrase are optional. Clausal categories appear to be more likely to diffuse than categories expressed at the word level. Diffusion at the clause level results primarily in the diffusion of categories of the verb.
Diffusional Phenomena in Syntax and in Discourse
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Intensive contact with East Tucanoan languages affected Tariana clause types, clause-linking techniques, constituent order, and discourse organization. Most— though not all—of these changes are completed. The diffusion in syntax and in discourse is exclusively indirect—there are no borrowed discourse markers or connectors (see §7.2, for two borrowings from Portuguese). East Tucanoan-like clause types in Tariana are considered in §6.1. Clause linking techniques—including switch-reference—alongside relativization and complementation strategies are looked at in §6.2. In §6.3, I discuss the East Tucanoan impact on Tariana word order and constituent order, and in §6.4 I discuss how East Tucanoan languages influenced the way Tariana discourse is organized; e.g. classifiers as a reference maintenance device, alongside other ways in which participants are introduced and referred to throughout the discourse, and other discourse devices—such as a ‘summarizing’ phrase ‘so he/she/they did’, at the beginning of a new paragraph. The final section, §6.5, contains a brief summary.
How to Keep Languages Apart: Code-Switching and Code-Mixing
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter I look at the use of different languages in varied circumstances among the Tariana. The main way of maintaining multilingualism in the Vaup,es is via the existence of a strong inhibition against ‘language-mixing’, mostly viewed in terms of foreign morphemes and unlawful ‘insertion’ of words from a differ-ent language into one’s speech (‘code-mixing’). Those who violate the principle of ‘keeping languages strictly apart’ and commit the ‘crime’ of mixing their lan-guages by introducing lexical and grammatical loans (Tariana na-ñamura na-sape ‘they mix they speak’) are ridiculed as incompetent and sloppy. This is only partly in agreement with Silverstein’s (1979) idea of cognitive ‘limits of awareness’, whereby ‘relatively presupposing’ (more referential and ‘continuously segmentable’) linguistic items are more likely to be the object of close scrutiny and conscious monitoring than, for instance, syntactic patterns or prosodic phenomena. Lexical, phonological, and other mechanisms employed to control the possible influx of loans into Tariana are discussed in Chapter 9.
Language Obsolescence and Language Change in Tariana
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Tariana dialect of Santa Rosa is not being learnt by children, and many younger and even some older people have little opportunity to use the language in everyday interaction. They are using mainly Tucano; some also use other East Tucanoan languages (Piratapuya and Wanano). Portuguese is the predominant language of education. As a result, there are unmistakable signs of language attrition, especially among younger people.
Tocharian B past and its Vocalism
Authors: Penney J H W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Tocharian B, there is an adverb päst , functioning also as a quasi-preverb in combination with certain verbs, with a basic meaning ‘away’. There are various contextual nuances, so that, for instance, in combination with the verb ‘give’ päst can also mean ‘back’. There is no attested cognate in Tocharian A, where the corresponding adverb is lo, clearly unrelated.The meaning of pästpresents no major problems, but the form of the adverb is troublesome since there is a variant pest, and some explanation is required for the different vocalisms, which will then have implications for the etymology of the word. A third variant päs, with a simplification of the final cluster that is characteristic of texts that seem to show features of everyday language (see Stumpf 1990), will not be treated separately from päst in what follows here, where vocalism is the main concern.
Denominative Verbs in Avestan: Derivatives from Thematic Stems
Authors: Tucker Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Denominative verbs are not plentifully attested in Avestan, but there is a small amount of evidence from all periods of the corpus. The accounts found in the standard reference works, such as Bartholomae (1895) and Kellens (1984), describe all the formations from a diachronic viewpoint, establishing comparisons with Vedic wherever possible. However, this has obscured some features that are peculiar to Avestan, and may reflect significant di•erences even from early Vedic.
Sagehood And The Stoics
Authors: Brouwer Rene 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dr D the Stoics profess themselves to be sages? In the literature two main answers have been given, usually in the form of a simple assertion. The first is that they did not.1 But it was the second answer, formulated by Rudolf Hirzel, that generated the only elaborate treatment of the question to date. Hirzel claimed that the earliest Stoics, such as Zeno and his immediate pupils Persaeus and Sphaerus, did consider themselves to be sages, but that Chrysippus came to the conclusion that neither Zeno nor his immediate followers could have lived up to the requirements needed to be a sage,
Vegetti’s Callipolis: A Discussion of Mario Vegetti et al., Platone: La Repubblica
Authors: Ferrari G R F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The multi-volume Italian translation and commentary on Plato’s Republic being produced by Mario Vegetti and his team-no, his community of scholars-has reached its fourth instalment, bringing us to the end of book 5. It is now possible to give an interim assessment of the direction of the whole enterprise, the more so since the fourth volume draws on material from books 6 and 7 in its overview of the philosopher-kings.