bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognizing the nexus between grid infrastructure, renewable energy, net interregional transmission and carbon emissions: Evidence from China
Authors: Liang Jia , Wang Yongpei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOver the past few decades, China has undergone an unprecedented structural transformation, stupendously transforming its energy and environmental systems and decarbonizing pathways. Nevertheless, around the share of clean and renewable energy generation with the goal of low‐carbon, it is still ambiguous how the dynamic relationship between the upgrading of grid infrastructure, interregional power trading and the investment and economic foundation that support their collaborative promotion forms. Thus, under the framework of panel vector autoregressive models, we study the bridge that links the key dominant factors in the pattern of electricity supply and demand such as grid infrastructure, power generation share of clean and renewable energy, net power input and carbon emissions. The results show that the governance framework dominated by power grid infrastructure upgrading, interregional power input dependence and carbon constraint mechanism to promote clean‐oriented energy mix is still flawed. In addition to improve the utilization rate of power grid infrastructure, relevant policy makers should devote more efforts to software conditions including interregional and interprovincial power trading and grid‐connecting mechanisms of clean and renewable energy.
Shedding light on dark taxa in sky‐island Appalachian leaf litter: Assessing patterns of endemicity using large‐scale, voucher‐based barcoding
Authors: Caterino Michael S. , Recuero Ernesto 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeveloping systematic conservation plans depends on a wealth of information on a region's biodiversity. For ‘dark taxa' such as arthropods, such data are usually very incomplete and in most cases left out from assessments.Sky islands are important and often fragile biodiversity hotspots. Southern Appalachian high‐elevation spruce–fir forests represent a particularly threatened sky‐island ecosystem, hosting numerous endemic and threatened species, but their arthropods remain understudied.Here we use voucher‐based megabarcoding to explore genetic differentiation among leaf‐litter arthropod communities of these highlands, and to examine the extent to which they represent dispersed communities of more or less coherent species, manageable as a distributed unit. We assembled a dataset comprising more than 6000 COI sequences representing diverse arthropod groups to assess species richness and sharing across peaks and ranges. Comparisons were standardised across taxa using automated species delimitation, measuring endemism levels by putative species.Species richness was high, with sites hosting from 86 to 199 litter arthropod species (not including mites or myriapods). Community profiles suggest that around one fourth of these species are unique to single sky islands and more than one third of all species are limited to a particular range. Across major taxa, endemicity was lowest in Araneae, and highest in neglected groups like Isopoda, Pseudoscorpionida, Protura and Diplura.Southern Appalachian sky islands of spruce–fir habitat host significantly distinct leaf‐litter arthropod communities, with high levels of local endemicity. This is the first work to provide such a clear picture of peak and range uniqueness for a taxonomically broad sample. Ensuring the protection of a sizeable fraction of high‐elevation litter species richness will therefore require attention at a relatively fine spatial scale.
Porosity dependence of sound velocities in partially sintered alumina, zirconia, ATZ, and mullite ceramics
Authors: Šimonová Petra , Pabst Willi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractYoung's modulus and sound velocities of partially sintered alumina, zirconia, ATZ, and mullite ceramics with a broad range of porosities determined via the impulse excitation technique (IET) and the ultrasonic wave propagation pulse‐echo technique (UPT) are found to be in good agreement and exhibit sigmoidal curves as a function of the sintering temperature. The porosity dependence of the relative values of Young's modulus and sound velocities is either close to or below (but never above) the prediction based on an exponential relation, and none of them is significantly below the prediction based on a percolation relation or a recently proposed numerical benchmark relation for overlapping monosized spheres. Values are lower when concave pores or irregular anisometric grains are dominating. The correlation of the normalized longitudinal wave velocities and relative transverse wave velocities, with VL/VT ratios ranging from 0.50 to 1.91, is well predicted by models for Poisson's ratios between 0.35 and 0.2.
Patient‐reported outcomes following dental implant rehabilitation according to reason for missing teeth: A survey from a Norwegian population 8 years following treatment
Authors: Mauland Erik Klepsland , Bull Vibeke Hervik , Melbye Elisabeth Lind , Verket Anders 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) 8 years after dental implant rehabilitation in a sample with tooth loss due to periodontitis (TLP) and a sample with missing teeth for other reasons (MTOR).Materials and MethodsThe Norwegian National Insurance Scheme registry of subsidized dental implant therapy was searched, and patients (n = 3083) rehabilitated with dental implants in 2014 were mailed a questionnaire. PROs were described by relative frequencies, and the TLP and MTOR subsamples were compared using chi‐square test. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate variables potentially predicting PROs.ResultsOf the respondents (n = 1299), more than 90% were partly or fully satisfied with the treatment outcome. Complications were reported by 44.2%. Patients who lost teeth due to periodontitis (n = 784) reported greater oral function improvement and better pre‐treatment information, and were more likely to experience complications when compared with patients who lost teeth for other reasons (n = 515). Age, level of education, self‐funded cost, pre‐treatment information, history of complications and the reason for missing teeth were found to predict PROs.ConclusionsIn a Norwegian population rehabilitated with dental implants in 2014, satisfaction with the treatment outcome and the aesthetic outcome was high, irrespective of the reason for missing teeth. Self‐report of complications and lack of pre‐treatment information were the strongest predictors of inferior patient satisfaction and also predicted inferior oral function.
Lending and risk controls for BHCs after the Dodd–Frank act
Authors: Degl'Innocenti Marta , Zhou Si , Zhou Yue 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe investigate the impact of the Dodd–Frank Act (DFA) on the credit risk behavior of complex bank holding companies (BHCs). Specifically, we assess the effectiveness of the DFA in reducing the credit riskiness of complex banks. Consistent with the moral hazard hypothesis, we find that complex BHCs affected by the DFA increase their credit risk. We argue that possible explanations are that BHCs decreased their lending portfolio quality, loan monitoring, and strength and independence of the risk management function after the DFA. The results are robust to endogeneity concerns, different sample selection criteria, various model and treatment specifications, and placebo tests.
Interstate migration networks and stock return comovement
Authors: Lee Suin , Pantzalis Christos , Park Jung Chul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe document sizable and robust excess return comovement between migration‐flow receiving and sending states at the state‐portfolio level. Migration comovement is not fully explained by economic fundamentals and strengthens with the size of the migration network. Consistent with the view that it is partially driven by correlated trading of a common investor base within migration networks, migration comovement a) increases substantially when there is an exogenous positive shock to migration flows, b) is greater with old firms in migration‐sending states, and c) strengthens when retail investors display “old home” bias in addition to local bias.
Time in target range of systolic blood pressure and cognitive outcomes in patients with hypertension
Authors: Huang Xinghe , Deng Sicheng , Xie Wuxiang , Zheng Fanfan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundBlood pressure (BP) is a dynamic measure that fluctuates over time. However, conventional BP control indicators may not adequately reflect the variability of BP during a period of time.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT), which compared systolic blood pressure (SBP) targets of <120 mmHg (intensive) and <140 mmHg (standard) among patients with hypertension and high cardiac risks. The target ranges were defined as 110 to 130 mmHg in intensive treatment arm and 120 to 140 mmHg in standard treatment arm, respectively. Time in target range (TTR) was calculated based on SBP measurements recorded during the first 3‐month follow‐up using linear interpolation method. The Fine‐Gray competing risk regression models were used to evaluate the association between TTR and cognitive outcomes.ResultsA total of 7965 patients with the mean (SD) age of 68.0 (9.2) years were included, and 35% were female. Patients with higher TTR were younger, more likely to be male and take <3 BP‐lowering agents. Compared to the last quartile, the first quartile of TTR was significantly associated with a higher risk of probable dementia (HR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.22–2.46; p = 0.002) and the composite of probable dementia or mild cognitive impairment (HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.03–1.55; p = 0.025). The risk of probable dementia and the composite outcome increased with per quartile decrease of TTR (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.06–1.30; p = 0.002 and HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.00–1.14; p = 0.036). Sensitivity analyses showed similar results after adjusting mean SBP during the first 3‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsIn this secondary analysis of SPRINT data, TTR was independently associated with probable dementia among patients with hypertension, suggesting that TTR could be used as a practical metric of BP control to evaluate the risk of dementia in older adults.RegistrationURL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Identifier: NCT01206062.
Sensitivity of tomato leaf mould–causing Fulvia fulva to seven succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides in Nara Prefecture, Japan and high efficacy of isofetamid in controlling SDHI‐resistant isolates
Authors: Asano Shunsuke , Yoshida Kandai , Hirayama Yoshihiko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLeaf mould caused by Fulvia fulva is a major disease of tomato in Japan. Resistance to several types of fungicides, including succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs), has been reported in isolates from Japan. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity of F. fulva to SDHI fungicides, SDHI fungicide efficacy in controlling sensitive and resistant isolates, and the presence of mutations in the Sdh B gene, the target site of SDHI fungicides. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of six SDHI fungicides, excluding isofetamid, ranged from 0.1 to >100 μg/mL against mycelial growth of 45 F. fulva isolates collected in Nara prefecture, Japan, whereas that of isofetamid ranged from 0.1 to only 10 μg/mL. The peak MIC distribution of fluopyram and isofetamid was 10 μg/mL, that of inpyrfluxam was 100 μg/mL and was >100 μg/mL for the remaining SDHI fungicides. In a greenhouse inoculation experiment, only isofetamid controlled the highly resistant isolates with an MIC of 10 μg/mL and the remaining fungicides had MIC >100 μg/mL. In addition, moderately and highly resistant isolates were controlled by the application of isofetamid 6 h or 7 days before inoculation or 3 days after inoculation. Mutations in the Sdh B gene were not observed among sensitive, moderately resistant and highly resistant isolates, suggesting that mutations in other Sdh genes and/or changes in efflux pump expression were involved. Our results indicate the presence of cross‐resistance and different levels of sensitivity reduction among SDHI fungicides. Isofetamid showed the lowest resistance development among the tested SDHI fungicides and is considered effective in controlling tomato leaf mould.
‘There's too much power in this number. It's freaking the whole response out’: The views of key informants on evidence and targets to achieve hepatitis C elimination goals in Australia
Authors: Treloar Carla , Rance Jake , Bryant Joanne , Lafferty Lise 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEnumeration of disease is a key management tool. Setting of targets, like for hepatitis C elimination, have deep meaning and effect. We use the case of elimination in New South Wales (NSW), Australia to examine key informants' understandings of the use of targets, and the evidence that informs them, to drive action in elimination. Twenty‐eight key informants working in NSW, elsewhere in Australia and internationally in high‐income countries participated in a semi‐structured qualitative interview in 2022. Analysis was informed by scholarship calling for examination of the ways in which science constructs what is thought possible in action. Participants pointed to the power of quantified evidence and targets and their complex effects, and questioned the usefulness and certainty derived from these at the “pointy end” of elimination. Although a range of targets exist in global and local strategies, reaching testing targets was the assumed solution to achieving elimination. Achieving elimination was thought to require “off piste” and experimental approaches that went beyond available evidence. The different types of work that participants felt necessary for late‐stage elimination may require additional metrics to explain return on investment ratios. What threshold would be used to reduce efforts in elimination was a major concern. These data indicate that understandings of the evidence underpinning elimination targets and how to achieve them are far from settled. At this point, elimination efforts may need to rely on locally produced and community‐driven evidence and shift from evidence‐based to evidence‐making paradigm.
Impact of hepatitis D reflex testing on the future disease burden: A modelling analysis
Authors: Buti Maria , Domínguez‐Hernández Raquel , Palom Adriana , Esteban Rafael , Casado Miguel Ángel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChronic hepatitis D (CHD) is a severe form of viral hepatitis that leads to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. CHD is underdiagnosed, and this study aimed to assess the impact of hepatitis D reflex testing in HBsAg‐positive individuals in Spain over the next 8 years. Two scenarios were compared: the current situation (7.6% of HBsAg‐positive patients tested for anti‐HDV) and reflex testing for all positive samples. A decision tree model was designed to simulate the CHD care cascade. Implementing reflex testing would increase anti‐HDV detection to 5498 cases and HDV‐RNA to 3225 cases. Additionally, 2128 more patients would receive treatment, with 213 achieving undetectable HDV‐RNA levels. The cost per anti‐HDV case detected would be €132. In the median time of the analysis, liver complications (decompensated cirrhosis, HCC and liver‐related deaths) would be reduced by 35%–38%, implying an estimated cost savings of 36 million euros associated with the management of such complications. By 2030, implementing anti‐HDV reflex testing would reduce the clinical and economic burden of CHD by 35%–38%.
Genomic divergence and introgression between cryptic species of a widespread North American songbird
Authors: Askelson Kenneth K. , Spellman Garth M. , Irwin Darren 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAnalysis of genomic variation among related populations can sometimes reveal distinct species that were previously undescribed due to similar morphological appearances, and close examination of such cases can provide much insight regarding speciation. Genomic data can also reveal the role of reticulate evolution in differentiation and speciation. White‐breasted nuthatches (Sitta carolinensis) are widely distributed North American songbirds that are currently classified as a single species but have been suspected to represent a case of cryptic speciation. Previous genetic analyses suggested four divergent groups, but it was unclear whether these represented multiple reproductively isolated species. Using extensive genomic sampling of over 350 white‐breasted nuthatches from across North America and a new chromosome‐level reference genome, we asked if white‐breasted nuthatches are comprised of multiple species and whether introgression has occurred between divergent populations. Genomic variation of over 300,000 loci revealed four highly differentiated populations (Pacific, n = 45; Eastern, n = 23; Rocky Mountains North, n = 138; and Rocky Mountains South, n = 150) with geographic ranges that are adjacent. We observed a moderate degree of admixture between Rocky Mountain populations but only a small number of hybrids between the Rockies and the Eastern population. The rarity of hybrids together with high levels of differentiation between populations is supportive of populations having some level of reproductive isolation. Between populations, we show evidence for introgression from a divergent ghost lineage of white‐breasted nuthatches into the Rocky Mountains South population, which is otherwise closely related to Rocky Mountains North. We conclude that white‐breasted nuthatches are best considered at least three species and that ghost lineage introgression has contributed to differentiation between the two Rocky Mountain populations. White‐breasted nuthatches provide a dramatic case of morphological similarity despite high genomic differentiation, and the varying levels of reproductive isolation among the four groups provide an example of the speciation continuum.
The first baleen whale marine protected area proposed for Bryde's whales in the Beibu Gulf, China
Authors: Zhang Yaoyao , Sun Xiaodong , Nong Zhiwen , Chen Mo , Hao Yujiang , Wang Jianghua , Wang Kexiong , Wang Ding , Mei Zhigang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) for cetaceans is an important strategy to mitigate human disturbance and protect biodiversity. Despite abundant cetacean species, there are only a few MPAs dedicated to cetacean conservation in China, all of which are for inshore dolphins. Bryde's whales, the only nearshore baleen whale population in mainland China, are conflicting with intensive human activities, yet an effective conservation strategy is lacking. This study used species distribution models to analyze distribution patterns and suitable habitats of Bryde's whales in the Beibu Gulf and proposes the first baleen whale MPA in China. Our results showed Bryde's whales have a seasonal distribution pattern in the Beibu Gulf, and that the waters around Weizhou Island and the southeastern coast of Vietnam were their core habitats. The seasonal nighttime light data indicated a negative relationship between the number of ship lights and Bryde's whale sightings and suggest that Bryde's whales might be threatened by fisheries. We proposed an MPA based on the results, suggesting that the waters within 20 km around Weizhou Island should be declared a protected area. Furthermore, we recommend that anthropogenic activities in the waters around Weizhou Island are better managed to reduce negative impacts on marine life.
Computer vision‐assisted photogrammetry and one‐image 3D modeling in marine mammals
Authors: Zhang Changqun , Zhou Haojie , Shah Sheel , Davis Randall W , Hao Yujiang , Yung Kaung‐Ti , Wang Kexiong , Wang Ding 
Published: November 2023

AbstractImage processing using traditional photogrammetric methods is a labor‐intensive process. The collection of photogrammetry images during aerial surveys is expanding rapidly, creating new challenges to analyze images promptly and efficiently, while reducing human error during processing. Computer vision‐assisted photogrammetry, a field of artificial intelligence (AI), can automate image processing, greatly enhancing the efficiency of photogrammetry. Here, we present a practical and efficient program capable of automatically extracting the fine‐scale photogrammetry of East Asian finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri). Our results indicated that computer vision‐assisted photogrammetry could achieve the same accuracy as traditional photogrammetry, and the results of the comparisons were validated against the direct measurements. Three‐dimensional (3D) models using computer vision‐assisted photogrammetric morphometrics generated trustworthy body volume estimates. We also explored the one image‐based 3D modeling technique, which is less accurate, but still useful when only one image of the animal is available. Although several limitations exist in the current program, improvements could be made to narrow the virtual‐reality gap when more images are available for machine learning and training. We recommend this program for analyzing images of marine mammals possessing a similar morphological contour.
Nodule‐specific Cu+‐chaperone NCC1 is required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Medicago truncatula root nodules
Authors: Navarro‐Gómez Cristina , León‐Mediavilla Javier , Küpper Hendrik , Rodríguez‐Simón Mario , Paganelli‐López Alba , Wen Jiangqi , Burén Stefan , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Bokhari Syed Nadeem Hussain , Imperial Juan , Escudero Viviana , González‐Guerrero Manuel 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Cu+‐chaperones are a diverse group of proteins that allocate Cu+ ions to specific copper proteins, creating different copper pools targeted to specific physiological processes.
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation carried out in legume root nodules indirectly requires relatively large amounts of copper, for example for energy delivery via respiration, for which targeted copper deliver systems would be required.
MtNCC1 is a nodule‐specific Cu+‐chaperone encoded in the Medicago truncatula genome, with a N‐terminus Atx1‐like domain that can bind Cu+ with picomolar affinities. MtNCC1 is able to interact with nodule‐specific Cu+‐importer MtCOPT1. MtNCC1 is expressed primarily from the late infection zone to the early fixation zone and is located in the cytosol, associated with plasma and symbiosome membranes, and within nuclei. Consistent with its key role in nitrogen fixation, ncc1 mutants have a severe reduction in nitrogenase activity and a 50% reduction in copper‐dependent cytochrome c oxidase activity.
A subset of the copper proteome is also affected in the ncc1 mutant nodules. Many of these proteins can be pulled down when using a Cu+‐loaded N‐terminal MtNCC1 moiety as a bait, indicating a role in nodule copper homeostasis and in copper‐dependent physiological processes. Overall, these data suggest a pleiotropic role of MtNCC1 in copper delivery for symbiotic nitrogen fixation.