bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High field human imaging
Authors: Norris David G. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis review article examines the state of knowledge regarding human imaging using MRI at high main magnetic field strengths. The article starts with a summary of the technical issues associated with magnetic field strengths in the range of 3–8 T, including magnet characteristics and the properties of radiofrequency magnetic fields, with special reference to sensitivity, power deposition, and homogeneity. The published data on tissue‐water relaxation times in the brain is tabulated and the implications for contrast and pulse sequence implementation is elucidated. The behavior of the major fast imaging sequences, fast low angle shot (FLASH), rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE), and echo planar imaging (EPI), is examined in this context. A number of anatomical images from 3 T systems are presented as examples. Particular attention is given to various forms of vascular imaging, namely, time of flight angiography, venography, and arterial spin labeling. The most complex changes in contrast with main magnetic field strength are in activation studies utilizing the blood oxygen level dependent mechanism, which are examined in detail. Improvements in spatial specificity are emphasized, particularly in conjunction with spin‐echo imaging. The article concludes with a discussion of the current status and the potential impact of technical developments such as parallel imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:519–529. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic resonance image–guided proteomics of human glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Hobbs Susan K. , Shi Gongyi , Homer Ron , Harsh Griff , Atlas Scott W. , Bednarski Mark D. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the correlation between gadolinium contrast‐enhancement patterns on T1‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images and spatial changes in protein expression profiles in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and the use of imaging as a noninvasive technique to evaluate the heterogeneity of solid tumors prior to microarray analysis.Materials and MethodsFour patients with MR images and confirmed diagnosis of GBM were enrolled in the study. Intraoperative stereotaxy was used in conjunction with MR images to identify contrast‐enhanced (CE) and nonenhanced (NE) regions of the tumor during surgical resection. Total protein was extracted from resected tumor samples using standard techniques and subjected to proteomic analysis using surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI‐TOF‐MS).ResultsWe found that protein profiles from CE and NE regions within a given tumor have qualitative and semiquantitative proteomic pattern differences, suggesting an altered gene expression profile that correlates with detectable tissue imaging parameters. We also found that CE regions within the same tumor exhibited distinct differences in protein expression profiles, despite similar histological features. In addition, there were marked similarities in the proteomic patterns among the NE regions across all patients, while the CE regions were distinct, suggesting that the CE regions have complex protein profiles unique to individuals.ConclusionThe results demonstrate that major differences in protein expression patterns within a tumor can be correlated to radiographic findings. Image‐guided proteomics holds promise for characterizing tissue prior to microarray analysis designed to identify specific diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets within solid tumors. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:530–536. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automatic in‐plane rotation for doubly‐oblique cardiac imaging
Authors: Kellman Peter , Derbyshire J. Andrew , McVeigh Elliot R. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPurposeTo develop and test a method for automatically calculating the in‐plane rotation for doubly‐oblique slice geometry in order to minimize wrap artifacts for a given FOV.Materials and MethodsThe equations for in‐plane rotation were formulated for doubly‐oblique imaging of a cylindrical body with elliptical cross‐section. Based on this formulation, automatic in‐plane rotation was implemented and tested on a commercial scanner using nominal values for ellipticity of the body.ResultsShort axis, doubly oblique, cardiac imaging were acquired with and without in‐plane rotation. The desired in‐plane rotation proved to be relatively insensitive to the ellipticity of the body, permitting an automatic solution based on a nominal value.ConclusionIn‐plane rotation is desirable for doubly oblique imaging (e.g., cardiac applications), particularly for reduced‐FOV accelerated imaging such as SENSE. The proposed method, which provides an approximate solution for automatic, in‐plane rotation for doubly‐oblique imaging, was demonstrated. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:612–615. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determining and optimizing the precision of quantitative measurements of perfusion from dynamic contrast enhanced MRI
Authors: Dale Brian M. , Jesberger John A. , Lewin Jonathan S. , Hillenbrand Claudia M. , Duerk Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPurposeTo examine the sensitivity of quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) perfusion maps to errors in the various source images and to determine optimal imaging parameters for reducing this sensitivity.Materials and MethodsA detailed analysis of the precision of a DCE‐MRI protocol was performed using the “propagation of errors” technique to investigate the effect of errors in the source images on errors in Ktrans. Optimal parameter values and interactions between parameters were examined. The propagation of errors analysis was validated by Monte‐Carlo simulations.ResultsThe precision of Ktrans was found to be most sensitive to artifacts in the tissue portion of the baseline images and least sensitive to noise in the arterial portion of the dynamic images. The tip‐angle strongly affected the precision, with the optimum being a function of tissue T10.ConclusionProtocol optimization requires matching the tip‐angle to the anticipated T10 of the tissue of interest; however such optimization yields a relatively small improvement. Future developmental efforts would be most productively focused on minimizing the artifact level. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:575–584. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetization transfer imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy of normal‐appearing white matter in late‐life major depression
Authors: Wyckoff Nathaniel , Kumar Anand , Gupta Rakesh C. , Alger Jeffry , Hwang Sun , Thomas M. Albert 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPurposeTo examine the relationships between the damaged macromolecular pool seen on magnetization transfer (MT) imaging and cerebral metabolic changes recorded by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), in frontal white and gray matter regions of late‐life MDD patients.Materials and MethodsMT imaging and MRS were performed on eight patients with late‐life MDD and eight age‐matched healthy controls. MT ratios were calculated using the on‐resonance and off‐resonance images. Correlations were computed between MT ratios and the ratios of several metabolites, including choline (Cho), myo‐inositol (mI), N‐acetylaspartate (NAA), and N‐acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), to creatine (Cr).ResultsStatistically significant correlations were found in white matter between the MT ratios and mI/Cr (r = −0.90, N = 7, P = 0.016), and between the MT ratios and (NAA + NAAG)/Cr (r = −0.89, N = 8, P = 0.007). No significant correlations were found in gray matter or between the MT ratios and NAA/Cr or Cho/Cr in white matter.ConclusionChanges in the white matter macromolecular protein pool, observed as reduced MT ratios, may be related to changes in the mI and the total NAA pools. These findings may have implications for the pathophysiology of late‐life major depression. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:537–543. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Giant adrenal myelolipoma with minimal fat content in a patient with homozygous beta‐thalassemia: Appearance on MRI
Authors: Kelekis Nikolaos L. , Alexopoulou Efthymia , Brountzos Elias N. , Ladis Vasilis , Boussiotou Angeliki , Kelekis Dimitrios A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractGiant adrenal myelolipoma is an uncommon entity. We present the atypical MR imaging findings of a giant adrenal myelolipoma in a patient with homozygous beta‐thalassemia with histopathology correlation. The tumor showed a drop in signal on the opposed‐phase images, with no evidence of macroscopic fat contents, and demonstrated very high signal intensity on T2‐weighted images. Giant adrenal myelolipoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tumors with the combination of the above MR imaging characteristics. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:608–611. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real‐time catheter tracking and adaptive imaging
Authors: Elgort Daniel R. , Wong Eddy Y. , Hillenbrand Claudia M. , Wacker Frank K. , Lewin Jonathan S. , Duerk Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the performance of a real‐time MR system for interventional procedures that adjusts specific image parameters in real time based on a catheter's speed of insertion.Materials and MethodsThe system was implemented using only the hardware provided with a standard short‐bore 1.5 T scanner (Siemens Magnetom Sonata) (with the exception of small tracking markers affixed to the catheter). The system tracks the position of an MR microcoil‐instrumented catheter and automatically updates the scan plane's position and orientation, as well as other features, including, but not limited to, field of view, resolution, tip angle, and TE. A real‐time feedback loop continuously localizes the tracking markers, updates the scan plane position and orientation, calculates the catheter's speed, adjusts the value of specific image parameters, then collects new image data, reconstructs an image, and provides it for immediate display. The system was evaluated in phantom and in vivo porcine experiments.ResultsThe system is able to accurately localize a moving catheter in the abdominal aorta, calculate the device speed, and respond by adjusting specified image parameters 98% of the time, with precision of approximately 2 mm and 1.5°.ConclusionSimply slowing the speed of the catheter allows the clinician to adjust predetermined image parameters. This work also has the potential to build a degree of intelligence into the scanner, enabling it to react to changes in the clinical environment and automatically optimize specific image parameters. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:621–626. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Berry anthocyanins: isolation, identification and antioxidant activities
Authors: Kähkönen Marja P , Heinämäki Johanna , Ollilainen Velimatti , Heinonen Marina 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAnthocyanins from bilberry, blackcurrant and cowberry were isolated for antioxidant evaluation. Individual compounds were identified and quantified using HPLC and HPLC/ESI–MS techniques. Antioxidant and radical‐scavenging capacities of the isolates were studied in emulsified methyl linoleate and human low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) in vitro and in the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test. The total anthocyanin contents in the phenolic extracts of bilberry, blackcurrant and cowberry were 6000, 2360 and 680 mg kg−1 fresh weight respectively. There were four dominant compounds in blackcurrant (glucosides and rutinosides of cyanidin and delphinidin), three in cowberry (monoglycosides of cyanidin) and 15 in bilberry (monoglycosides of cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin and petunidin). Quantification as cyanidin‐3‐glucoside equivalents gave markedly lower results regarding the total anthocyanin concentration and the content of individual delphinidin and malvidin compounds compared with quantification based on corresponding standard compounds. Berry anthocyanins were highly active radical scavengers in the DPPH test and effective antioxidants in emulsion and human LDL. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of different inorganic salts and organic nutrient components on the growth of Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) mycelium on solid medium
Authors: Hatvani Nóra , Kesserû Péter , Mécs Imre 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe influence of 11 inorganic salts and various organic nutrients on the mycelial growth of Lentinula edodes (Berk) Pegler (Shiitake) on solid medium was studied. All of these inorganic salts exerted concentration‐dependent inhibitory effects. Nitrite caused the strongest inhibition: 8 mM nitrite inhibited the growth completely. The inhibitory effect of nitrite could be reduced by the addition of ascorbic acid or a black tea extract. The effects of the addition of the different organic nutrients were investigated in order to optimize the composition of the culture medium. The medium containing malt extract (15 g l−1), starch (3 g l−1) and oak wood chips (20 g l−1) proved best for mycelial growth. Growth was not promoted by components with a high organic nitrogen content. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
The pasting behaviour of lactic‐fermented and dried uji (an East African sour porridge)
Authors: Onyango Calvin , Okoth Michael W , Mbugua Samuel K 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe effects of sun‐, cabinet‐, and drum‐drying on the behaviour of submerged culture lactic‐fermented pure cassava, maize and finger millet and composites of maize–finger millet and cassava–finger millet were investigated in a Brabender amylograph. The cereal flours and maize–finger millet composite had higher onset and peak gelatinization temperatures but lower peak viscosities than cassava or cassava–finger millet composites. Fermentation alone or in combination with drying increased the viscosity of the flours, except for the fermented and drum‐dried cassava–finger millet composite flour. This increased viscosity of uji on fermentation and drying makes it more difficult to cook. Fermented and drum‐dried flours recorded high initial viscosities, at 30 °C, when the amylograph was switched on. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Oak‐matured wines: influence of the characteristics of the barrel on wine colour and sensory characteristics
Authors: Perez‐Prieto Luis Javier , De la Hera‐Orts Maria Luisa , López‐Roca Jose María , Fernández‐Fernández Jose Ignacio , Gómez‐Plaza Encarna 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe influence of oak origin (French or American oak), volume (220, 500 and 1000 l barrels) and age of the barrel (new or used) on the colour and sensory characteristics of a red wine, after 6 months of maturation, was studied. The colour of the wines is characterized by the red, yellow and blue percentages, total polyphenols index, free anthocyanins, polymeric anthocyanins, colour density, hue, tannin content and HCl index. The results of a multivariate analysis of variance showed that colour evolution is faster in small, new American barrels than in large, used barrels or in French barrels. This evolution towards a more stable colour is manifested by a higher content of polymeric anthocyanins, hue and HCl index and lower percentage of red colour. The sensory analysis also reflects these results: the samples obtaining higher scores, at this stage of maturation, are those aged in small, new American barrels. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Fruit calcium concentration and chilling injury during low temperature storage of pineapple
Authors: Hewajulige IGN , Wilson Wijeratnam RS , Wijesundera RLC , Abeysekere M 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe concentration of calcium and its distribution in different parts of the fruit were determined in Queen‐type Mauritius and Cayenne‐type Kew pineapple varieties. Calcium content was measured before and after storage for 17 days at 10 °C followed by 2 days at 28 °C. Total calcium concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Kew than in Mauritius pineapple. This difference corresponded to a significantly (p < 0.05) lower incidence of chilling injury in the former. The calcium content in fruits at harvest was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the shell region for both varieties. Browning symptoms associated with chilling injury were observed in the core and in the flesh adjacent to the core, where lower concentrations of calcium were recorded. Chilling injury was minimal in the flesh near the shell, where calcium concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) higher. Following storage, calcium concentrations in the core and flesh regions decreased, while a significant (p < 0.05) increase in concentration was recorded in the shell region of the susceptible Mauritius variety. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Functionality of emulsifiers in sponge cake production
Authors: Sahi Sarabjit S , Alava Juan M 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe effects of emulsifiers (glyceryl monostearate and polyglycerol ester) and air inclusion on the structure of sponge batters were studied. Batter samples, immediately after mixing in a continuous mixer, were imaged for bubbles using an optical microscope and a CCD video camera. The bulk rheology of the batters was also determined to characterise their physical properties. The aqueous phases of the batters were separated by centrifugation and their surface tension was measured. The crumb structure of the finished sponge cakes was studied using a commercial texture analyser. The results showed that addition of an emulsifier helped in binding water and decreased the fluidity of the batter as well as the tension of the air/aqueous phase interface. Increasing the concentration of the emulsifier affected the distribution and size of the air bubbles trapped in the batter during mixing as well as the texture and volume of the baked sponge. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Nutritional and physiological effects of rapeseed meal sinapine in broiler chickens and its metabolism in the digestive tract
Authors: Qiao Hongyu , Classen Henry L 
Published: October 2003

AbstractResearch was completed to investigate the impact of dietary rapeseed meal (RSM) sinapine (SNP) on broiler chickens. The control treatment was based on a corn/soybean meal diet, as were six additional treatments which contained three levels of SNP bisulphate or semi‐purified SNP in the form of an ethanol extract concentrate. The last three treatments were corn‐based but soybean meal was replaced by graded levels of RSM at 15, 22.5 and 30% of the diet and thereby added SNP in its native form. SNP bisulphate and SNP ethanol extract did not affect feed intake and performance of broiler chickens. SNP bisulphate increased diet AME (apparent metabolisable energy) (P < 0.01) while SNP ethanol extract increased diet AME and faecal protein digestibility (P < 0.01 and 0.05 respectively) in comparison with the control diet. Dietary treatment caused minor effects on tissue measurements. All the diets containing SNP reduced the empty weight of caeca (P < 0.05 or 0.01), suggesting that the hind gut might be an important metabolic site for SNP. The ileal digestibility of SNP was 35–42, 27–38 and 30–46% for SNP bisulphate, SNP ethanol extract and RSM SNP respectively, while faecal digestibility values were 68–72, 65–75 and 54–63% for the same treatment groups. A major metabolic pathway of SNP via hydrolysis into sinapic acid and choline in the digestive tract was identified. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of volatile flavour compounds from cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L) juice by the Osme gas chromatography/olfactometry technique
Authors: Garruti Deborah S , Franco Maria Regina B , da Silva Maria Aparecida A P , Janzantti Natália S , Alves Gisele L 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe headspace volatile components of the juice of cashew apples from a commercial Brazilian dwarf genotype were separated by high‐resolution gas chromatography and identified by GC/MS. Five judges evaluated the GC effluents using the Osme technique in order to determine the importance of each compound to the characteristic cashew aroma. Esters methyl 3‐methyl butanoate, ethyl 3‐methyl butanoate, methyl butanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl trans‐2‐butenoate and methyl 3‐methyl pentanoate were important to the sweet, fruity and cashew‐like aroma. Cis‐3‐hexenol, hexanal and 2‐methyl‐2‐pentenal presented different green notes. In spite of the flame ionisation detector being unable to detect sulphur compounds, the olfactometric analysis revealed chromatographic regions where sulphur‐like odours were perceived by the Osme sensory panel. The most intense unpleasant odour was due to 2‐methyl butanoic acid, which was described as very stinky. The sensory panel showed good olfactory sensitivity and reproducibility. Sensory and instrumental data correlation allowed a greater understanding of the role of several volatile compounds in the sensory quality of the juice. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
1H HR‐MAS NMR and isotopic investigation of bread and flour samples produced in southern Italy
Authors: Brescia Maria A , Sgaramella Angela , Ghelli Stefano , Sacco Antonio 
Published: October 2003

AbstractRecent successful applications of proton high resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (1H HR‐MAS NMR) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) in food science have prompted the authors to use these new techniques to analyse bread and flour samples produced in southern Italy. The aim of this work was to find qualitative and quantitative information that could be exploited to characterise bread and flour samples. The analysis was carried out on tender and durum wheat flours and the breads obtained from them. Compositional differences among the samples were observed. Isotopic parameters revealed differences between the flour types. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Experimental investigation of drying behaviour and conditions of pumpkin slices via a cyclone‐type dryer
Authors: Akpinar EK , Midilli A , Bicer Y 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis paper describes an experimental investigation of the drying behaviour and conditions of pumpkin slices via a convective cyclone‐type dryer. Drying experiments were conducted at air inlet temperatures of 60, 70 and 80 °C and air velocities of 1 and 1.5 m s−1. Samples of 200 g of cylindrical pumpkin slices (thickness 5 mm × diameter 35 mm) were arranged in a single layer on each of two trays. The least squares method was applied to derive the drying curve equation of samples. During the experiments the following parameters were measured: weight loss, temperature, relative moisture and velocity. From these parameters, dimensionless mass loss, moisture content, mass shrinkage and drying rate of samples were calculated and are discussed in detail. Additionally, the transport of water during dehydration was described by the diffusion mechanism, and Fick's equation was used for evaluation of the experimental data. The linear sections of drying curves were analysed by linear regression to obtain the moisture diffusivities. It was found that pumpkin slices would dry perfectly within 340–720 min under these drying conditions. The convective cyclone dryer could also be used to dry other products. Thus it is expected that this new dryer will help farmers and producers to reduce the cost of drying. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry