bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GPS data analysis and geodetic velocity field investigation in Greece, 2001–2016
Authors: Bitharis Stylianos , Pikridas Christos , Fotiou Aristeidis , Rossikopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, an updated crustal velocity field for the Greece area was estimated using a time series analysis that covers a duration of 16 years (2001–2016) from 227 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) permanent stations. The GPS processing was carried out using GNSS Analysis software at MIT (GAMIT) and the velocity field expressed with respect to Eurasian plate. For the time series analysis, we applied a robust Median Interannual Difference Adjusted for Skewness trend estimator to mitigate the effects of discontinuities due to geophysical phenomena on the estimation of geodetic velocities and their uncertainties. The main earthquake events that occurred in the GPS time series analysis in the study area are analyzed, providing the co-seismic displacements in the permanent GNSS stations. We also compare our geodetic velocities with five previous publications, where we found consistency at the mm/year level, leading to reliable results for the geodynamic behavior of the Greek area, providing a dense velocity field.
Religion and survival among European older adults
Authors: Christopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere are several pathways through which religion can affect longevity. Previous research, predominately from North America, has shown decreased mortality risk for participants that attended religious services. This study aims to examine the association between religion and all-cause mortality in a large sample of older European adults, comparing religious affiliations, and using prayer frequency as well as frequency of participation in a religious organisation as measures of religiousness. To this end, a total of 16,062 participants from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe were employed for a survival analysis (median follow-up 11.3 years; 3790 recorded deaths). Following a religion was negatively associated with mortality regardless of demographic and socioeconomic factors (HR = 0.81; 95% CI 0.74–0.89). Large differences in the median survival of participants from different religious affiliations can be mostly attributed to demographic and socioeconomic factors. Both frequency of prayer and religious participation exhibited a significant positive dose–response relationship with survival despite adjustments, although the results for religious participation were more profound. Changes on the religiosity levels of the European population will require additional research on the subject in the future.
Manure trial evaluation of Bacillus velezensis PHP1601 as a viable biocontrol candidate against nuisance fly species at an operational piggery
Authors: Ramesar Danvir Rajesh , Hunter Charles Haig 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFly infestations threaten farming and livestock operations, contributing to animal irritation and the spread of serious diseases. In this study, the application of Bacillus velezensis PHP1601 (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) treatments (105 and 1010 endospore g−1) to pig manure slurries was evaluated as a means of controlling fly reproductive cycles. Two cycles of fly emergence were evaluated over a 33 days period for each replicated trial. For both treatments, the first emergence event resulted in a significant reduction in the percentage of flies emerging compared to an un-treated control. Extended monitoring of the biocontrol containers revealed that fly emergence was completely eliminated by the time that a second round of fly emergence was observed for the control. A B. velezensis-specific real-time PCR method was developed and used to assess the population dynamics of the applied biocontrol agent over the course of the experiment. Strain PHP1601 remained viable in the manure and cell numbers increased by several orders of magnitude. REP-PCR fingerprinting was used to confirm the clonality of endospores recovered from the manure. Fly species recovered from the trials were identified by cytochrome oxidase gene barcode sequencing. Several species of veterinary and medically significant flies were identified. They were all deemed to be susceptible to treatments with PHP1601 and constituted part of the strain's host range. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of B. velezensis PHP1601 as a promising biocontrol agent for controlling fly infestations under conditions similar to its intended use.
Four’s a crowd: social preferences for larger groups in golden mantella (Mantella aurantiaca) tadpoles
Authors: Wright Daniel , Newton-Youens Jade , Frommen Joachim G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGroup living results in various benefits and costs, which often depend on group size and ontogenetic state of the individual. Therefore, certain group sizes are favourable over others, often depending on individual age or intrinsic state. Under natural conditions many amphibians can be found in aggregations, especially during the larval stage. Yet, whether these aggregations are the result of active social preferences or are driven by environmental factors has only been tested in a limited number of taxa. This study explores social preferences and group size discrimination in golden mantella (Mantella aurantiaca) tadpoles. We gave tadpoles the choice between different numbers of conspecifics using a two-choice design. To test for general social tendency, tadpoles could either join a group of three or remain solitary (3 vs. 0). To test for group size preferences, we tested tadpoles in two different ratios: 2 vs. 1 and 4 vs. 2 conspecifics. We repeated the trials weekly until metamorphosis to determine potential shifts in preference through ontogeny. Tadpoles preferred being with a group over being alone, and the strength of this preference declined with increasing age. Furthermore, tadpoles preferred to be close to the larger of two groups. This preference was stronger in the 2 vs. 1 treatment. Mantella aurantiaca tadpoles, therefore, show clear social tendencies and possess the ability to spontaneously discriminate between group sizes. The lower preference at higher group sizes might indicate cognitive limitations or lower benefits of choosing the larger of two groups when overall group size is high. These findings are one of the few showing social preferences depending on group size in tadpoles and contribute to our understanding of social behaviour in amphibians in general.
Using particle-loaded inks to selectively change the material properties in binder-jetted WC–Co parts
Authors: Lehmann Maja , Kolb Cara G. , Gschloessl Josef , Zaeh Michael F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFunctionally graded hardmetals offer a superior combination of fracture toughness and wear resistance and alleviate the compromise that conventional hardmetals must face between these two material properties. In tooling applications, they exhibit superior cutting performance compared to the conventionally employed hardmetals. Traditionally, graded tools are enabled by a surface treatment with nitrogen or carbon. This enables a tungsten carbide–cobalt (WC–Co) tool with a surface layer containing less cobalt (Co) than the core of the part. With this Co gradation, the wear properties can be improved due to the harder surface. If different loads act at different points in a tool and the geometric complexity of a tool increases, the requirements for a targeted positioning of the Co gradients become higher. A simple surface treatment does not allow a flexible distribution of the desired gradients. Binder jetting provides a solution to produce location-independent graded structures. In this work, the process was evaluated for the generation of Co gradients in WC–Co structures. Inks loaded with graphite particle contents of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 m% were used to create differences in the carbon content in the green part. This induced a Co migration during the liquid phase sintering process. The sintering parameters were varied in time and temperature and studied regarding their effect on the microstructure and the porosity, the formation of the Co gradient, and the hardness. At low sintering times and temperatures, all carbon differences led to a Co gradient in the sintering part with a deviation of up to 10 m%. With an increase in sintering time and temperature, the Co distribution began to even out, and a deviation was observed only in the parts created with the inks containing 7.5 and 10 m% of particles. Hardness values of up to 1300 HV10 were obtained, which is comparable to conventionally produced WC–Co parts. The excess of carbon resulted in porosity in the parts leading to a reduced density. However, with inks containing 10 m% particles, densities of 94.26% were achieved at the longest sintering times and the highest temperature.
X-ray line profile analysis study on the evolution of the microstructure in additively manufactured 316L steel during severe plastic deformation
Authors: Gubicza Jenő , Kawasaki Megumi , Dankházi Zoltán , Windisch Márk , El-Tahawy Moustafa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract316L stainless steel was manufactured by additive manufacturing (AM), and then, the samples were severely deformed by the high-pressure torsion (HPT) technique. The evolution of the microstructure was monitored by X-ray line profile analysis. This method gives the crystallite size and the density of lattice defects, such as dislocations and twin faults. The AM-processing of the HPT disks was performed in two different modes: the laser beam was parallel or orthogonal to the normal direction of the disks. The subsequent HPT deformation was carried out for ½, 1, 5 and 10 turns. The microstructure and hardness evolution during HPT were similar regardless of the laser beam direction. For both sample series, the minimum achievable crystallite size was about 30 nm, while the dislocation density and the twin fault probability got saturated at the values of 300–350 × 1014 m−2 and 3.5–4%, respectively. The microstructure evolution during HPT of the AM-prepared 316L steel was compared with the HPT-induced changes in an as-cast counterpart. It was found that while the AM-prepared 316L steel remained a single-phase face-centered cubic γ-structure during HPT, in the as-cast samples a body-centered cubic (bcc) martensitic α-phase became the main phase with increasing the imposed strain of HPT due to the lower Ni content. In the saturation state achieved by HPT the initially as-cast 316L steel had a considerably higher hardness (about 6000 MPa) than that for the AM-prepared samples (~ 5000 MPa) due to the large fraction of the hard bcc phase formed during HPT.
Norwegian classroom teachers’ and specialized “resource” teachers’ dyslexia knowledge
Authors: Solheim Oddny Judith , Arntzen Julie , Foldnes Njål 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStudents with reading difficulties such as dyslexia receive most of their instruction in mainstream classrooms, but many teachers feel inadequately prepared to teach students with dyslexia and/or report that dyslexia was inadequately addressed in their training. However, depending on a school’s organization, it may be sufficient that classroom teachers know enough to realize when to ask for support with identification and accommodation from specialized teachers with greater knowledge. In the present study we first investigate dyslexia knowledge in a sample of Norwegian upper-elementary-school teachers (N = 269). Second, we examine whether specialized (“resource”) teachers are more knowledgeable about dyslexia than classroom teachers. Finally, we explore whether teaching experience and having encountered reading-related themes in formal training predict dyslexia knowledge. Overall, we find that only a small share of teachers holds misconceptions about dyslexia. However, a notable proportion of them are uncertain, especially regarding the role of visual deficits in dyslexia. Somewhat surprisingly, resource teachers have only marginally higher dyslexia knowledge than classroom teachers. Finally, neither experience nor reading-related course content in formal training are substantial predictors of dyslexia knowledge. The large extent of uncertainty concerning dyslexia suggests a need to reconsider teacher training curriculum and opportunities for teacher professional development.
Reimagining learning provisions for asylum seekers in Italy: An exploration of asylum seekers’ experiences of recognition and misrecognition in adult learning centres
Authors: Oshodi Darasimi Powei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article employs narrative methodologies to present the stories of three asylum seekers enrolled in two adult learning centres in the Lombardy region of Italy. The author draws on Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition to provide an understanding of how these adult learners’ experiences might impact their self-identity. Based on the narratives the participants provided in the course of interviews the author conducted with them, this article highlights some shortcomings in the learning provision for asylum seekers in Italy. Using interpretative analysis, the participants’ experiences are discussed under three categories: (1) valorisation of certificates; (2) appropriateness of teaching methods; and (3) recognition of prior learning. The author concludes that greater efforts should be put into recognising the asylum seekers’ previous experiences, and training adult educators who work with asylum seekers in adult learning principles.
Cultural Intolerance, in Practice: Social Variation in Food and Drink Avoidances in Italy, 2003–2016
Authors: Oncini Filippo , Rödl Malte B. , Triventi Moris , Warde Alan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSociological literature on cultural practices seeking to understand the social differentiation of taste pays limited attention to what people avoid consuming, despite its potential as a strategic indicator of taste. Avoidance has special relevance for the understanding of eating and drinking practices which are often characterized by exclusion of items for health, hedonic, reputational, or spiritual reasons. Making use of rich data on twenty-three items commonly consumed by Italian adults, this paper investigates how avoidances—i.e. what people claim never to eat or drink—are clustered, socially patterned and have evolved over time. Methodologically, we propose the novel use and integration of two machine learning techniques—Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT)— to identify nine highly homogeneous avoidance clusters and examine the power of social variables in predicting the probability of individuals’ belonging to various clusters and to further characterize them. We conclude by discussing possible rationales behind avoidance.
Job Satisfaction and the ‘Great Resignation’: An Exploratory Machine Learning Analysis
Authors: Celbiş Mehmet Güney , Wong Pui-Hang , Kourtit Karima , Nijkamp Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLabor market dynamics is shaped by various social, psychological and economic drivers. Studies have suggested that job quit and labor market turnover are associated with job satisfaction. This study examines the determinants of job satisfaction using a large survey dataset, namely the LISS Work and Schooling module on an extensive sample of persons from the Netherlands. To handle these big data, machine learning models based on binary recursive partitioning algorithms are employed. Particularly, sequential and randomized tree-based techniques are used for prediction and clustering purposes. In order to interpret the results, the study calculates the sizes and directions of the effects of model features using computations based on the concept of Shapley value in cooperative game theory. The findings suggest that satisfaction with the social atmosphere among colleagues, wage satisfaction, and feeling of being appreciated are major determinants of job satisfaction.
Validating Corruption Risk Measures: A Key Step to Monitoring SDG Progress
Authors: Gnaldi Michela , Del Sarto Simone 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Agenda 2030 recognises corruption as a major obstacle to sustainable development and integrates its reduction among SDG targets, in view of developing peaceful, just and strong institutions. In this paper, we propose a method to assess the validity of corruption indicators within an Item Response Theory framework, which explicitly accounts for the latent and multidimensional facet of corruption. Towards this main aim, a set of fifteen red flag indicators of corruption risk in public procurement is computed on data included in the Italian National Database of Public Contracts. Results show a multidimensional structure composed of sub-groups of red flag indicators i. measuring distinct corruption risk categories, which differ in nature, type and entity, and are generally non-superimposable; ii. mirroring distinct dynamics related to specific SDG principles and targets.
Cross-Scale Processes of Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Hwang K.-J. , Nakamura R. , Eastwood J. P. , Fuselier S. A. , Hasegawa H. , Nakamura T. , Lavraud B. , Dokgo K. , Turner D. L. , Ergun R. E. , Reiff P. H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVarious physical processes in association with magnetic reconnection occur over multiple scales from the microscopic to macroscopic scale lengths. This paper reviews multi-scale and cross-scale aspects of magnetic reconnection revealed in the near-Earth space beyond the general global-scale features and magnetospheric circulation organized by the Dungey Cycle. Significant and novel advancements recently reported, in particular, since the launch of the Magnetospheric Multi-scale mission (MMS), are highlighted being categorized into different locations with different magnetic topologies. These potentially paradigm-shifting findings include shock and foreshock transient driven reconnection, magnetosheath turbulent reconnection, flow shear driven reconnection, multiple X-line structures generated in the dayside/flankside/nightside magnetospheric current sheets, development and evolution of reconnection-driven structures such as flux transfer events, flux ropes, and dipolarization fronts, and their interactions with ambient plasmas. The paper emphasizes key aspects of kinetic processes leading to multi-scale structures and bringing large-scale impacts of magnetic reconnection as discovered in the geospace environment. These key features can be relevant and applicable to understanding other heliospheric and astrophysical systems.
Performing legitimate choice narratives in physics: possibilities for under-represented physics students
Authors: Johansson Anders , Nyström Anne-Sofie , Gonsalves Allison J. , Danielsson Anna T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHigher education physics has long been a field with a disproportionately skewed representation in terms of gender, class, and ethnicity. Responding to this challenge, this study explores the trajectories of “unexpected” (i.e., demographically under-represented) students into higher education physics. Based on timeline-guided life-history interviews with 21 students enrolled in university physics programs across Sweden, the students’ accounts of their trajectories into physics are analyzed aschoice narratives. The analysis explores what ingredients are used to tell a legitimate story of physics participation, in relation to dominant discourses in physics culture, and wider social and political discourses. Results indicate that students narrate their choice as based on motivations of physics being a prestigious and challenging subject, of a deep interest in and a natural ability for physics, as well as a wish to use physics for contributing to the world. While most of these affiliations to physics has been documented in earlier research, the study shows how they are negotiated in relation to social locations such as gender, class and migration history, and used to perform an authentic and legitimate choice narrative in the interview situation. Furthermore, the study reports and discusses the possibility of conceiving the role of physics in students’ lives as something beyond a “pure”, intellectually challenging, and “prestigious” subject. In contrast, and with implications for widening participation, the stories of “unexpected” physics students indicate that physics can be reconceived as socially and altruistically oriented.
Women at Altitude: Sex-Related Physiological Responses to Exercise in Hypoxia
Authors: Raberin Antoine , Burtscher Johannes , Citherlet Tom , Manferdelli Giorgio , Krumm Bastien , Bourdillon Nicolas , Antero Juliana , Rasica Letizia , Malatesta Davide , Brocherie Franck , Burtscher Martin , Millet Grégoire P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSex differences in physiological responses to various stressors, including exercise, have been well documented. However, the specific impact of these differences on exposure to hypoxia, both at rest and during exercise, has remained underexplored. Many studies on the physiological responses to hypoxia have either excluded women or included only a limited number without analyzing sex-related differences. To address this gap, this comprehensive review conducted an extensive literature search to examine changes in physiological functions related to oxygen transport and consumption in hypoxic conditions. The review encompasses various aspects, including ventilatory responses, cardiovascular adjustments, hematological alterations, muscle metabolism shifts, and autonomic function modifications. Furthermore, it delves into the influence of sex hormones, which evolve throughout life, encompassing considerations related to the menstrual cycle and menopause. Among these physiological functions, the ventilatory response to exercise emerges as one of the most sex-sensitive factors that may modify reactions to hypoxia. While no significant sex-based differences were observed in cardiac hemodynamic changes during hypoxia, there is evidence of greater vascular reactivity in women, particularly at rest or when combined with exercise. Consequently, a diffusive mechanism appears to be implicated in sex-related variations in responses to hypoxia. Despite well-established sex disparities in hematological parameters, both acute and chronic hematological responses to hypoxia do not seem to differ significantly between sexes. However, it is important to note that these responses are sensitive to fluctuations in sex hormones, and further investigation is needed to elucidate the impact of the menstrual cycle and menopause on physiological responses to hypoxia.
Test diagnostici per il diabete insipido: un aggiornamento
Authors: Berton Alessandro Maria , Prencipe Nunzia , Varaldo Emanuele , Settanni Fabio , Zenga Francesco , Gasco Valentina , Grottoli Silvia 
Published: October 2023

SommarioIl corretto riconoscimento dei casi di diabete insipido, in particolar modo parziale, rimane tutt’oggi una sfida per l’endocrinologo. Nuovi test di stimolo, osmotici e non, che prevedono la determinazione plasmatica di copeptina, sono stati proposti negli ultimi anni, modificando irreversibilmente le flow-chart diagnostiche. In questa rassegna sono riportate le principali evidenze in merito a tali procedure, con attenzione particolare all’accuratezza e ai limiti intrinseci di ciascuna di esse.