bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meditation
Authors: Carmody Denise Lardner , Carmody John Tully 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gautama became a monk, or the prototype for Buddhist monks and nuns, by trying to solve a spiritual problem. Certainly, both the way that he configured the problem and the way that he moved to solve it depended on his local, contemporary culture. He did not create the concepts of karma, samsara, or desire. Long before his day, Indian saints and sages had practiced meditation. It seems fair to say, however, that Gautama brought a certain ruthlessness to bear on both the analysis of the problem of human suffering and the practice of the solution that his analysis suggested.
Randall Jarrell’s Semifeminine Mind
Authors: Langenbach James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a boy, Randall Jarrell posed for the statue of Ganymede, loved by Zeus, adorning the replica of the Parthenon in Nashville’s Centennial Park. Jarrell’s adult friends were bemused by this anecdote, for it seemed almost too appropriate to their idea of Jarrell’s sensibility: over and over again their memoirs return, more or less uncomfortably, to Jarrell’s lack of manly virtues. Berryman remembered that Jarrell once had a hangover brought on by a poisoned canape: “He’s the only poet that I’ve ever known in the universe who simply did not drink.” Robert Watson (Jarrell’s colleague at Greensboro) remembered that neither did Jarrell smoke, use profanity, or enjoy jokes about sex. To Robert Lowell, consequently, Jarrell never quite seemed one of the boys: “one felt, beside him, too corrupt and companionable.
Richard Wilbur’s Small World
Authors: Langenbach James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Poem after poem is gracefully and competently done, there is good taste and intelligence throughout, there is variety of theme and an interesting, largely mythological, field of allusion But on the whole the poet’s many evident talents only add to one’s sense of frustration at the tameness and not-quiteness of his poetry; if this be the new decorum, I suggest we scoot back to modernism.1
John Ashbery’s Individual Talent
Authors: Langenbach James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After the accidental death of Frank O’Hara in 1966, John Ashbery wrote several commemorative essays about his friend. Ashbery was at the time the author of three relatively unknown books of poetry; he had recently returned to New York after a decade of living in Paris—a city Ashbery praised (in contrast to any American city) for providing a “neutral climate in which one can work pretty much as one chooses.”1 Although his poetry had been included in Donald Allen’s partisan anthology, The New American Poetry, Ashbery’s allegiances in the wartorn world of American poetry were not clear. O’Hara’s early death occurred at a precarious moment in Ashbery’s own life, and the loss inevitably became an occasion as much for self-examination as for commemoration.
Corpselessness
Authors: Booth Allyson 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The extremely restricted space within which trench warfare was fought simultaneously ensured that Great War soldiers would live with the corpses of their friends and that British civilians would not see dead soldiers. Soldiers buried their dead and then encountered them again (“Shells disinter the bodies, then reinter them ...” [Vansittart 95]), but British policy dictated that the civilian bereaved would never have anything to bury. Soldiers inhabited a world of corpses; British civilians experienced the death of their soldiers as corpselessness. In England, then, World War I created two markedly different categories of experience, a discrepancy that complicated the gap that always separates language from experience. While verbal descriptions of war can never wholly convey the physical experience of war, the discontinuity between the experience of soldiers and of civilians-between death experienced as corpses and death experienced as corpselessness-meant that civilians were in a position to speak about death and to speak about soldiers without ever seeing dead soldiers. Samuel Hynes has pointed out that the First World War marked a technological turning point in what it meant to be a civilian during war: “[F]or the first time in history non-combatants at home could seethe war. The invention of the half-tone block had made it possible to print photographs in newspapers, and so to bring realistic-looking images into every house in England” (120).
Physical Borders
Authors: Booth Allyson 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have previously argued that both official British discourse and British popular sentiment articulated Germany’s invasion of Belgium and its air raids on England as a violation of the proper spatial organization of war: civilians, according to this English view, were supposed to occupy safe havens, soldiers were supposed to occupy war zones, and the two kinds of space were not supposed to intersect. Thus Germany’s invasion of a neutral country and its shelling of British civilian targets were both condemned as transgressions of this spatial organization, but it was the “rape of Belgium” (both figurative and literal) that became for England the most powerful symbol of German transgression. In this chapter, I examine ways in which charges of rape, along with the British attempt to substantiate those charges, raised the issue of factuality in a way similar to the way in which the same issue reverberates through modernism. The “rape of Belgium” provides a historical context in which the modernist mistrust of factuality may be more clearly understood. Elaine Scarry has analyzed the disputes that lead to war in a way that reveals their imaginative underpinnings: In the dispute that leads to war, a belief on each side that has “cultural reality” for that side’s population is exposed as a “cultural fiction”: that is, by being continually called into question, it begins to become recognizable to its own population as an “invented structure” rather than existing as it did in peacetime as one that (though on reflection invented) could be unselfconsciously entered into as though it were a naturally occurring “given” of the world. . . . Whatever the particular descriptions that have collided, what has always collided is each population’s
War Calendar
Authors: Booth Allyson 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If a reliance on maps displayed Great War loyalty to linear organizations of space, the notion of progress epitomized nineteenth-century loyalty to linear conceptions of time-time that moves steadily forward and morally upward. “In the world view of the nineteenth-century middle class, progress ... constituted the essence of history” (Eksteins 176); the idea of progress was “one of the most potent that the nineteenth century was to produce” (Keegan 59). “The keys words of the times were ‘thought,’ ‘work,’ and ‘progress’ . . . and both clear thinking and hard work were deemed essential to continued national progress” (Briggs 1).The idea of progress plotted experience onto a calendar where time was an arrow and narratives were reliably chronological.John Keegan has described how nineteenth-century historians conceptualized war in a way that allowed it to be consistent with this ideal of progress. In his chapter “The History of Military History,’’ Keegan describes how, for generations, war represented a threat to the notion of historical progress because it was thought to deviate from Christian formulations of justice. “Western historians ... had always ... tended to depict war as a calamity, a scourge, or a foolishness, unless it could be represented as a crusade . . . or be used to exemplify the life and exploits of great men” (59).
Glass Objects
Authors: Booth Allyson 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Throughout this book, I have argued that the content of war sometimes prevents us from recognizing profound overlaps between civilian and combatant modernism. In this final chapter, I link literary modernism and expressionist architecture not by arguing that civilians’ attention to glass corresponds to soldiers’ attention to glass but rather by arguing that the material of glass provides an opportunity for civilian modernists to meditate on the single most important way in which their experience differs from combatants. The difference is at once humbling and invigorating for civilians, because it consists, on the one hand, in the obvious but crucial acknowledgment that the physical experience of war must always remain inaccessible to civilians and, on the other hand, in the obvious but crucial imperative that it is imaginative experience that must be altered if war is going to be avoided in the future-for only in imaginative, representational form can modernism teach the lessons of war without perpetuating it.I argue in this chapter that modernist self-consciousness about the nature of representation frequently prompts civilian modernist writers to prefer opaque to transparent language and to portray internal realities at least as vividly as external ones and that these preferences often emerge in connection with meditations on glass. I suggest that a similar selfconsciousness about the nature of representation informs expressionist architecture-a primarily postwar phenomenon frequently understood as springing directly from the war.
Examination of Motion
Authors: Garfield Jay L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The target of Nāgārjuna’s arguments in this chapter is any view of motion according to which motion is an entity, or a property with an existence independent of that of moving things, or according to which motion is part of the nature of moving things. These are versions of what it would be to think of motion as nonempty. It might be quite natural for a reificationist to reply to the arguments in Chapter I by proposing that such a view must be the case. For in Chapter l Nāgārjuna’ does presuppose, in developing the view that conventionally things do arise dependent upon conditions, that there is motion, or change. For if there were not, there would be no arising. And as we have seen, this would indeed be an absurd consequence for Nāgārjuna’. So, one might think, even if the links between conditions and their consequences are empty, the change represented by the arising of these consequences must be real.
Examination of Time
Authors: Garfield Jay L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Another response to the attack on the reality of action and its consequences might to be argue that, nonetheless, the time in which action and its consequences are realized must be real. Nāgārjuna’ in this chapter argues that time cannot be conceived of as an entity existing independently of temporal phenomena, but must itself be regarded as a set of relations among them. His arguments are closely akin to those of Zeno, Sextus, and McTaggart. If the present and the future Depend on the past, Then the present and the future Would have existed in the past. Nāgārjuna’method is to divide time into the past, the present, and the future and then to argue that none of these can be said to inherently exist.
Designing visual aids
Authors: Bailey Edward P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bottom line
This chapter deals with the fine points of designing visual aids that look good and help you and your audience. I’ll concentrate on the overhead transparency, because it’s the most common visual aid and because the fundamentals for it apply to other visual aids, too. And, as you’ll see when you get to Chapter 24, the fundamentals here apply fully to designing computer presentations, too.
The Way She Does It
Authors: Watts Jill 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A round 1909, Mae West finally got a chance to return to the professional stage. Her break came when William Hogan, smalltime vaudevillian and friend of the family, invited her to join his act. He needed a partner to play his girlfriend in a Huckleberry Finn routine. It was not a particularly original or creative act; for years, vaudeville bits based on rural, Twain-like characters had been common. With it, Mae found herself in a position similar to her experience in stock companies, playing a Becky Thatcher-type character a white male fantasy of white femininity. Not surprisingly, the act soon underwent revision, and Huckleberry Finn was discarded in exchange for a Bowery skit. Another popular format, Bowery skits centered on the antics of a Bowery boy and his “tough girl” counterpart. Now Mae’s character would become a poor but spunky, assertive, and optimistic street-smart urbanite. In other words, this was no Becky Thatcher.
The Subject of the Dream
Authors: Watts Jill 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tillie’s passing devastated her older daughter. Mae claimed she cried out for her own life to end; it took her father and another man to subdue her. Then she, the woman who was evolving into a linguistic legend, plunged into silence. For three days, as Tillie’s body lay at a local mortuary, Mae West was unable to speak. Diamond Lil’s Monday and Tuesday night performances were canceled. Finally, Wednesday, the West family, joined by Owney Madden, followed the funeral hearse to Cypress Hills Cemetery, where Tillie was laid to rest. She would have been proud of her daughter, for that night Mae returned to the theater and resumed Diamond Lil. Finishing this run of Diamond Lil was painful. Each night after her performance, Mae broke down and cried in her dressing room. She was inconsolable: “I turned my face to the wall. Nothing mattered.” Mae closed the Woodhaven house; she could not bear to see any of Tillie’s photographs or possessions. And rather than seeking solace in spiritualism, she retreated from the mystical. Journalist Bernard Sobel, who had joined her at an earlier seance, dropped by for a visit and noted her total indifference toward the occult. Mae concluded that the afterlife was a lie; she maintained no hope of ever seeing her beloved mother again.
A Glitterin9 Facsimile
Authors: Watts Jill 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Even though the Cold War had dethroned Catherine Was Great, it was not long before Mae West was drawn back to the stage. In January 1946, Jim Timony negotiated for the Shuberts to back West’s newest play, a spy story called Come On Up. It was a simple, lowbudget piece, confined to a single set. The action took place over a span of a few hours and required no costume changes for supporting characters, although West’s wardrobe would, of course, be extravagant. For the cast, she looked to unknown actors and actresses, paying them, on average, eighty dollars a week. It was not a huge salary, but working with Mae West was a great opportunity for a young player trying to break into the big time.
I Had Them All
Authors: Watts Jill 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
West’s initial experiences with television left her dissatisfied. “I’m not too crazy about the TV scene because it places too many restrictions on my type of material,” she wrote. “I don’t like being censored, I don’t think I deserve it.” She had invitations to return to motion pictures, but her insistence on complete control shut down those possibilities. After being idle for almost a year, in the spring of 1961, West prepared for another comeback in the theater. While she was no longer a motion picture star, she could still play one onstage. She dug out Sextette and reworked it for a national summer tour.
The New Jurisprudence
Authors: Vasoli Robert H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
America’s annulment output does not spring solely from the “spirit of Vatican II,” the “new pastoralism,” suppositions about the essence of marriage, and its return to covenant status. Additional justification derives from the body of appellate court decisions referred to as Rotal jurisprudence. The term juris prudence has more than one meaning. It may refer to the science (or art) or philosophy of law, the study of the structure and principles of legal systems, or the study of the development of judicial decisions and rationales undergirding them.
Promoting the Blueprint
Authors: Vasoli Robert H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thus far our primary emphasis has been on the conceptual basis for America’s rise to the pinnacle of the annulment heap. The American experience shows, in thoroughly convincing fashion, the truth of the hoary cliché that ideas have consequences. The ruminations of revisionist theologians and canonists, augmented by what passes for behavioral science, led to alleged changes in the essence of marriage, in the role of Rotal jurisprudence, and to broader psychologization of the annulment process. The new vision of Christian marriage provided a conceptual blueprint for reorienting the American tribunal system, a grand scheme for softening if not melting its traditional hard line on nullity.
Creolization, Double Voicing, Double Vision
Authors: Gundaker Grey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The writer Henry Dumas imagined an exegetical devil pronouncing on the “wisdom of the Book.” Presumably, this Book numbers among texts that, according to anthropologist Jack Goody, place an unchanging record of the word of God and fixed rules for living at the center of religions like Christianity and Islam. Goody argues that this textual basis distinguishes “religions of conversion” from nonliterate or preliterate religions that acquire followers by birth and location (1968, 1977, 1987). Yet, as Dumas’s Devil implies, one can’t rely on the Book for fixity and closure. The search for the wisdom of the Book can consume a lifetime; indeed, its promise of worth while ness amounts to a devilish temptation because the rules in the text and the situations in life do not mesh.
Diaspora of Signs
Authors: Gundaker Grey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The illustrations in the chapter come mainly from my fieldwork, often from sites that I visited and photo graphed before I realized what I was seeing. Later I returned to test my conclusions. But testing conclusions about the meaning of particular signs is not a straightforward business. Often African Americans themselves do not notice or translate the signs, even when neighbors they know well use them. And the signs themselves are deeply implicated in ambiguity and indirection. Those who use the signs consider interpretation self-evident. Persons whose business it is to read the signs already know them; for those who don’t already know, it is rude, even dangerous, to ask too many questions because drawing attention haphazardly to certain signs may bring negative aspects of powers they represent down on oneself.
A Wife To Be Lett: A Comedy (1724)
Authors: Haywood Eliza 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
COURTLY. I little thought when I went out to take the Air this Morning, to be so agreeably surpriz’d with the sight of my old Companion, and Friend-but I hope no Misfortune of yours has occasion’d me this Happiness, which I confess would be much more compleat, but for that Doubt.
The City Jilt; or,The Alderman Turn’d Beau: A Secret History (1726)
Authors: Haywood Eliza 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Glicera was the Daughter of an eminent Tradesman; the Reputation of whose Riches drew a greater Number of Admirers to his House, than the Beauty of his fair Daughter’s Person; tho’ she was really one of the most lovely and accomplished Women of the Age. The most favour’d of all who made Pretensions to her, was young Mel/adore, the Son of a near Neighbour; he was handsome, witty, well made, and seem’d to have an infinity of Affection for her. With all these Endowments therefore, join’d to an Equality of Birth and Fortune, ‘tis not to be wondered at that he was well received by the Father of Glicera, as well as by herself.
Awareness
Authors: Carter John Ross , Palihawadana Mahinda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Awareness” illumines a massive meaning, spans a massive content; for the entire Word of the Buddha included in the three piJakas taken up and given articulation, boils down to the word “awareness” only. Therefore has it been said: “It is,0 Monks, like the case of the many kinds of footstep of moving creatures-all of them gain inclusion in the elephant’s footstep: by its massiveness, the elephant’s step occupies the foremost place among them. In the same way, 0 Monks, whatever wholesome mental states (dhammas)’ there are, they are all awareness-based, 2 they all converge in awareness: awareness occupies the foremost place among those mental states.”
The World
Authors: Carter John Ross , Palihawadana Mahinda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Here the “lowly quality” means the five strands of sensuality:’ it is the lowly quality that is liable to be resorted to by C) [beings unrefined such as] even camels and bullocks. It is called lowly because it causes one to be born in lowly stations [of existence] such as the states of woe. Let one not resort to it.
The Names Of God : The Problem: A Preliminary Review
Authors: Brichto Herbert Chanan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The problem of the names of God in the Hebrew Scriptures is so complex that movements toward the solution may be impeded, distorted, or even blocked by its formulation in the singular. It would seem advisable then to begin this review of the problem by breaking it down into the separate and sometimes separable constituents of which the problem is compounded.
Eden And Eden’s Aftermath
Authors: Brichto Herbert Chanan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The characterization of the story that begins with Genesis 2:4b as a second creation narrative is almost never challenged, questioned, or even examined in modern scholarship; not even by scholars who, disenchanted with the Documentary Hypothesis(/es), do not keep company with those who ascribe authorship of the first narrative to P and the second to J. That this second narrative involves creational themes is undeniable; whether that warrants the genre-label “creation story” is not.
From Noah To Abram
Authors: Brichto Herbert Chanan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two stories complete the narratives of chapters 1- I 1, which in modern scholarship is often labeled the Primeval History. Chapter 12, beginning the story of the patriarch Abram, first ancestor of the people of Israel, begins the History of Israel; and the setting for this history is thus provided by the Primeval History. This setting consists then of the genealogies, which we treat under chapter 7, “Structures;’ and five narratives. The first three (Creation, Eden, Flood) have each required a separate chapter. The last two are treated in this one. The first, 9:18-27, features Noah, three sons, and one grandson in a story somehow portentous for later his tory, but strangely murky as to plot and character motivation, and ambiguous as to the very identities of the personae.
Introduction Double Identity
Authors: Regan Milton C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Modern American attitudes toward marriage reflect two competing commitments: that spouses are separate individuals with their own distinct interests, and that they are members of a community who have special obligations to promote its welfare. I describe these perspectives as the external and internal stances toward marriage, respectively. This analytical framework, I will argue, offers useful insights into what is at stake in debates over how law should conceptualize and regulate marriage. More generally, it also suggests that these debates represent but one instance in which we address the question of how to accommodate individuality within community.