bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resurfacing of the nasopharynx after nasopharyngectomy using a free radial forearm flap
Authors: Khoo Mark L. C. , Soo Khee‐Chee , Gullane Patrick J , Neligan Peter C , Hong Soo‐Wan , Lee Julian C. Y. , Siow Jin‐Keat 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundNasopharyngectomy is emerging as an important treatment option for salvaging locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). After nasopharyngectomy, resurfacing the nasopharynx and covering the internal carotid artery is important to minimize the risk of infection, osteoradionecrosis, and carotid rupture. Previous authors have advocated the use of free grafts of skin and mucosa for this purpose but have also described significant rates of partial and total graft failure.MethodsWe believe that the best and most reliable way to resurface the nasopharynx is with vascularized tissue, and our preference is for the use of a free radial forearm flap. To illustrate our approach, we present two patients who underwent nasopharyngectomy by means of a maxillary swing approach and who had resurfacing of the surgical defect with a free radial forearm flap.ResultsBoth patients had complete en bloc resection of tumor followed by the insetting of a free radial forearm flap to reline the surgical defect. Both flaps remained completely viable, and both patients achieved successful resurfacing of the entire nasopharynx. The morbidity of surgery was minimal, and there were no perioperative complications. On assessment 1 year later, the free radial forearm flap continues to reline the entire neonasopharynx, and the long‐term functional recovery after surgery is excellent.ConclusionResurfacing the nasopharynx after nasopharyngectomy with a free radial forearm flap aids healing and minimizes the risk of complications. The morbidity of surgery is minimal and the functional recovery is excellent.23: © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 916–922, 2001.
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs inhibit telomerase activity in head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Thurnher Dietmar , Bakroeva Maia , Formanek Michael , Knerer Birgit , Kornfehl Johannes 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundAntiproliferative effects in neoplastic cells of different origin have been attributed to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) during the past few decades.MethodsWe tested the influence of NSAIDs and hydrocor‐tisone on cell lines derived from head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) and on normal oral mucosal keratinocytes. Cell numbers were assayed by cell counting, proliferation, telomerase activity with a colorimetric assay, and cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry.ResultsIn the neoplastic cell lines indomethacin and ibuprofen caused a dose‐dependent reduction of cell numbers and telomerase activity without altering cell viability and increased the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase. In normal oral mucosal keratinocytes, only minor effects could be detected in response to NSAIDs and hydrocortisone.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that NSAIDs have activity against HNSCC cells in vitro and may have clinical applications in combination with other therapeutic regimens. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 1049–1055, 2001.
Effects of virtual lighting on visual performance and eye fatigue
Authors: Duffy Vincent G. , Chan Alan H.S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study is designed to determine whether differences in eye fatigue and visual performance can be shown under varying virtual industrial lighting conditions. It is based on the results of studies of more traditional video display terminal (VDT) tasks reported in the literature. One experiment was designed to determine if the effects of virtual lighting on eye fatigue and visual performance in a simulated virtual industrial environment are similar to some other VDT tasks with varying luminance contrast. Results of a test of 20 participants in a vigilance task show that there is a significant difference in performance and eye fatigue in the virtual environment with varying virtual light conditions. These results may help designers see that performance in some virtual “lighting” conditions, for some tasks, is consistent with that in the real. However, due to the difficulties of determining the appropriate virtual objects to be considered for the luminance measures, additional research is needed to be able to generalize the results to other industrial training scenarios. A second experiment was intended to test for the luminance decrement in a VDT that was shown in recent literature. The results would have potential implications for the experiment that included a vigilance task. However, the results showed that the luminance decrement demonstrated in recent literature did not occur. These results suggest that the equipment used in the present experiments should not cause difficulty in interpreting the results of the vigilance task. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ergonomics and quality in paced assembly lines
Authors: Lin L. , Drury C.G. , Kim S.‐W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this industrial study was to measure relationships between workstation ergonomics and product quality. Quality on two paced manual assembly lines for disposable cameras was measured by the number of defects per week at each workstation. Two ergonomic variables, the time required for the task and the postural deficiencies, were together able to predict over 50% of the quality variance on each assembly line. This study shows the direct effect of ergonomics variables on quality results. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An analysis of chemical loads and forms in overland flow from dairy pasture in South Australia
Authors: Fleming N. K. , Cox J. W. , Chittleborough D. J. , Dyson C. B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo adjacent subcatchments on soils with very strong texture contrast between the A soil horizons (sandy loam texture) and B soil horizons (clay texture) in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia were instrumented to collect overland and subsurface flow from dairy pasture. Subcatchments were defined by exclusion drains in the upper reaches and stainless steel barriers at the lower boundary. Water samples were analysed for 20 different chemical fractions. Chemical loads were examined in order to determine relationships among simple empirical event and site characteristics, and between chemical fractions. All but five of the chemical fractions could be separated into one of two clear groups using a statistical technique based on the magnitude of simple correlation coefficients. The two groups consisted of either dissolved or particulate fractions. The clear separation into these groups is consistent with the majority of chemical fractions moving from pasture by one of only two processes. Simple empirical variables in a multiple regression explained a high proportion of variation in chemical loads in runoff water. These findings may have major implications in the modelling and prediction of chemical loads in runoff from agricultural catchments and the setting of environmental limits, in simplifying chemical loss predictions by adding a nutrient loss module to runoff volume predictions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The dynamics of unattached benthic macroalgal accumulations in the Swan–Canning Estuary
Authors: Astill Helen , Lavery Paul S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt has been suggested that macroalgal accumulations may impact on benthic nutrient cycling by promoting remineralization of sedimentary nutrients, otherwise inaccessible, and act as sinks/sources for dissolved nutrients in the water column. However, little consideration has been given to the time taken for these impacts to occur, and if accumulations persist long enough in a region for impacts to occur. In this study, accumulations were characterized seasonally, according to biomass, height relative to water depth, and organic content of the underlying sediment, from November 1996 to August 1997, in the Swan–Canning Estuary. Persistence of accumulations was measured from late summer to mid‐winter in 1997, by tagging individual plants and recording the time tagged plants persisted at 10 sites. In summer 1998, physicochemical profiles of accumulations were measured over 24 h, at two locations: one with relatively low sediment organic content (SOCn) (1·5% LOI) and one with relatively high SOC (6% LOI).Accumulations rarely exceeded 25 cm in height, regardless of water column depth, and ranged between 100 and 500 g dwt m−2. Macroalgae persisted between one week, in relatively well‐flushed regions, to one month in areas with poor flushing. Over the entire diurnal period, almost 100% of incident light was attenuated at the bottom of all accumulations. Dissolved oxygen levels at the bottom of accumulations were generally depressed, particularly at night, with hypoxia (1 mg l−1) recorded at the high SOC site at 03 : 00 h. No significant differences in FRP concentrations (approximately 30–60 µg l−1) were recorded between sites, or within accumulation profiles. Ammonium levels were greatly raised inside accumulations at the high SOC site by 03 : 00 h (10 and 300 µg l−1, inside and outside, respectively). The results show that, where SOC is high, conditions within accumulations are affected. Impacts occurred within 24 h; well within the period for which accumulations persist. These results also indicate that regulation of hydrological regimes in estuarine systems may result in increased persistence of macroalgal accumulations, and associated water quality problems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nutrient transport to the Swan–Canning Estuary, Western Australia
Authors: Peters Norman E. , Donohue Robert 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCatchment nutrient availability in Western Australia is primarily controlled by the disposal of animal waste and the type and rate of fertilizer application, particularly on the relatively narrow (∼25 km wide), sandy coastal plain. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and fluxes during the wet season of 15 tributaries, including four urban drains to the Swan–Canning Estuary, were evaluated from 1986 to 1992 and additionally concentrations only were evaluated throughout the year from 1993 to 1996. Concentrations of filtered reactive P (FRP) and total P (TP) were generally low, with the volume‐weighted means for all sites being 0·06 mg l−1 and 0·12 mg l−1 respectively. The urban drains had higher TP concentrations (volume‐weighted mean of 0·21 mg l−1) than the streams (0·12 mg l−1), with the high concentrations associated with particulate matter. Total inorganic N (TIN, NH4N plus NO3N) and total N (TN), which is of interest to eutrophic status of the N‐limited estuary, were likewise low, compared with other developed areas having a similar climate. Both TIN and TN were higher in the urban drains (0·76 mg l−1 and 1·5 mg l−1 respectively) than the streams (0·31 mg l−1 and 1·2 mg l−1 respectively). The Avon River, which drains 98·5% of the 121 000 km2 catchment area, contributes most of the N (0·03 kg ha−1 year−1 or 65%) and a high percentage of the P (<0·01 kg ha−1 year−1 or 32%) to the estuaries. The Avon River nutrient fluxes are much less than other tributaries closer to the estuary. The coastal plain receives significantly higher rainfall (1,200 mm year−1) and has more intense horticulture and animal production than inland areas (<300 mm year−1). Annual rainfall is seasonal, occurring primarily from May through December. The surficial aquifers on the coastal plain generally are sandy with a low nutrient retention capacity, and rapidly transmit soluble and colloidal material in subsurface flow. Ellen Brook, on the coastal plain, drains pastures treated with superphosphate and has the highest FRP (0·51 mg l−1), TP (0·7 mg l−1) and TN (2·1 mg l−1) of any tributary to the estuary. The coastal plain is also undergoing urbanization, particularly in areas adjacent to the estuary. Nutrients are subsequently available for transport during the onset of seasonal wet weather. Perennial baseflow from urban areas is an important source of nutrients. Water yield from the urban areas was high, being as much as 50% of annual rainfall. The timing of the nutrients delivered by the tributaries may be an important control on estuarine ecology. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of alternating different water qualities on accumulation and leaching of solutes in a Mediterranean cracking soil
Authors: Crescimanno G. , Provenzano G. , Booltink H. W. G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe relevance of bypass flow on water flow, solute or pesticide transport is becoming increasingly recognized. Recent investigations proved that soil salinization may be influenced by bypass flow, i.e. the rapid transport of water and solutes via macropores and/or shrinkage cracks to subsoil and groundwater. This paper explores the role of bypass flow in the process of accumulation and leaching of solutes, as well as of sodium, in a Mediterranean cracking soil irrigated with saline/sodic waters. The results of bypass flow experiments performed on undisturbed soil cores showed that leaching of solutes occurred in concomitance with bypass fluxes when a low salinity solution was alternated with a high salinity solution. Exchange of solutes between the incoming solution and the soil matrix occurred during the bypass flow events at the contact surfaces (cracks walls) between the solution and the soil matrix and where cracks terminated in the soil samples. Concomitant exchanges of sodium were indicated by measurements performed in the effluent solution during the bypass flow measurements. The amount of Sodium released from the soil during the bypass flow events, as well as that of the soluble salts leached from the soil, were found to depend on the degree of soil cracking. These results indicated that:

in management of irrigation in cracking soils, under the occurrence of bypass fluxes, alternating a low salinity/sodicity water with a high salinity/sodicity solution can be effective for preventing salinization and sodification:
greater efficiency of removal of sodium/soluble salts can be obtained if application of the leaching solution is performed when the soil is at a considerable degree of cracking.
Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting floodplain boundary changes following the Cerro Grande wildfire
Authors: McLin Stephen G. , Springer Everett P. , Lane Leonard J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA combined ArcView GIS–HEC modelling application for floodplain analysis of pre‐ and post‐burned watersheds is described. The burned study area is located on Pajarito Plateau near Los Alamos National Laboratory (the Laboratory), where the Cerro Grande Wildfire burned 42 878 acres (17 352 ha) in May 2000. This area is dominated by rugged mountains that are dissected by numerous steep canyons having both ephemeral and perennial channel reaches. Vegetation consists of pinon–juniper woodlands located between 6000 and 7000 ft (1829–2134 m) above mean sea level (MSL), and Ponderosa pine stands between 7000 and 10000 ft MSL (2134–3048 m). Approximately 17% of the burned area is located within the Laboratory, and the remainder is located in upstream or adjacent watersheds. Pre‐burn floodplains were previously mapped in 1990–91 using early HEC models as part of the hazardous waste site permitting process. Precipitation and stream gauge data provide essential information characterizing rainfall–runoff relationships before and after the fire. They also provide a means of monitoring spatial and temporal changes as forest recovery progresses. The 2000 summer monsoon began in late June and provided several significant runoff events for model calibration. HEC–HMS modelled responses were sequentially refined so that observed and predicted hydrograph peaks were matched at numerous channel locations. The 100 year, 6 h design storm was eventually used to predict peak hydrographs at critical sites. These results were compared with pre‐fire simulations so that new flood‐prone areas could be systematically identified. Stream channel cross‐sectional geometries were extracted from a gridded 1 ft (0·3 m) digital elevation model (DEM) using ArcView GIS. Then floodpool topwidths, depths, and flow velocities were remapped using the HEC–RAS model. Finally, numerous surveyed channel sections were selectively made at crucial sites for DEM verification. These evaluations provided timely guidance that influenced the decision to construct several flood detention structures that were completed in September 2000. Published in 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Status of c‐erbB‐2 in gastric adenocarcinoma: A comparative study of immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization and enzyme‐linked immuno‐sorbent assay
Authors: Takehana Takuo , Kunitomo Kazuyoshi , Kono Koji , Kitahara Fumiaki , Iizuka Hidehiko , Matsumoto Yoshiro , Fujino Masayuki A. , Ooi Akishi 
Published: August 2002

Abstractc‐erb‐2 amplification and overexpression are currently attracting a great deal of attention because a new adjuvant therapy using an antibody against the c‐erbB‐2 gene product, trastuzumab (Herceptin; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA), has proved effective in treating breast cancer with amplification and/or overexpression of c‐erbB‐2. Aberrations of c‐erbB‐2 have also been detected in ovarian, endometrial and gastric carcinomas at varied frequencies. Amplification of the c‐erbB‐2 locus (17q12‐q21.32), overexpression of c‐erbB‐2 protein (p185) and serum levels of soluble c‐erbB‐2 protein fragments (p105) were examined in gastric cancer patients using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunohistochemistry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Overexpression of c‐erbB‐2 protein was found in 29 (8.2%) of the 352 gastric carcinomas analyzed. In FISH analysis, all tumors with 3+ immunostaining and 1 of 5 tumors with 2+ staining showed high‐level amplification of c‐erbB‐2. Pre‐operative serum p105 was quantified in serum specimens from 129 patients with gastric cancer and 28 patients with benign diseases. There were no significant differences in the serum p105 levels among 11 patients with c‐erbB‐2‐overexpressing carcinomas, 118 patients with c‐erbB‐2 non‐overexpressing carcinomas and 28 controls, although a single case of gastric carcinoma overexpressing c‐erbB‐2 with extensive liver metastasis had a higher level than the cut‐off value. The mechanisms of overexpression of p185 and high‐level amplification of c‐erbB‐2 in gastric adenocarcinomas seem similar to those well‐established in breast cancers. Patients having gastric adenocarcinoma with c‐erbB‐2 amplification are potential candidates for a new adjuvant therapy using humanized monoclonal antibody. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phage display particles expressing tumor‐specific antigens induce preventive and therapeutic anti‐tumor immunity in murine p815 model
Authors: Wu Yuzhang , Wan Ying , Bian Jiang , Zhao Jianping , Jia ZhengCai , Zhou Liyun , Zhou Wei , Tan Yang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe efficacy of phage display particles expressing tumor antigen P1A35‐43 in inducing protective and therapeutic anti‐tumor immune responses were studied. A protective immune response against a lethal progressive P815 mastocytoma tumor cell challenge was established after subcutaneous injection of phage display particles. Furthermore, the vaccine suppressed growth of pre‐existing tumors. Immunization with the hybrid phage particles elicited P1A35–43 specific CTL responses and a Th1‐dominated immune response with phage particle‐specific secretion of IFN‐γ but not IL‐4. Our results indicate that phage display particles might be a useful vaccine form for tumor‐associated antigen epitopes in tumor immunotherapy. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accumulating populations: bodies, institutions and space
Authors: Philo Chris 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper makes a contribution to the conceptual basis of population geography by introducing ideas from the French thinker, Michel Foucault, concerning the spatial strategies integral to how populations are managed at the micro‐scale of institutions such as prisons. These ideas derive from Foucault's writing in Discipline and Punish (1977), and they are the antecedents of his later ideas about ‘biopolitics’, ‘biopower’ and ‘governmentality’ which are already beginning to interest a few population geographers. The relevant passages from Discipline and Punish are explored, and attention is also paid to what Foucault argued here about broader demographic and economic trends framing the late‐eighteenth century origins of both modern prisons and, seen here as their close relation, the factories of industrial capitalism. A route into Foucault's ideas is piloted through a review of a book by the sociologist Nathan Kantrowitz, Close Control, which, while never referencing Foucault, clearly demonstrates how one particular Illinois prison entailed a definite exercise in ‘applied micro‐population geography’ through which discipline was imposed on its institutionalised population. By moving between Close Control and Discipline and Punish, the paper sketches out materials which complement the long‐standing concern of population geographers for the techniques whereby states and other authorities (e.g. churches) seek to manage the dynamics of national, regional and local human populations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In catheter infections by Staphylococcus epidermidis the intercellular adhesion (ica) locus is a molecular marker of the virulent slime‐producing strains
Authors: Arciola Carla Renata , Baldassarri Lucilla , Montanaro Lucio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecently, it has been shown that S. epidermidis includes the ica operon responsible for slime production. In the operon, coexpression of icaA and icaD genes is required for full slime synthesis. In this study, the presence of icaA and icaD genes was searched for in a collection of 100 Staphylococcus epidermidis strains from catheter‐associated infections by an original PCR method. Another 51 strains of S. epidermidis isolated from the skin or mucosa of healthy volunteers (26 of which derived from the hospital staff) were also investigated. Slime‐forming ability was phenotypically tested on Congo red agar plates. Sixty‐one percent of the strains isolated from catheters were icaA‐ icaD‐positive and produced slime. The results indicate that detection of ica genes by a PCR method is a useful tool for prompt identification of S. epidermidis slime‐forming strains isolated from catheter‐related infections. Also, three saprophytic strains from the hospital staff were positive for slime synthesis and presence of ica genes, suggesting a potential diffusion of slime‐forming strains in hospital personnel. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 557–562, 2002
Control of surface mineralization using collagen fibrils
Authors: Tong Weidong , Eppell Steven J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSurface structure in the form of roughness and organized patterning can affect osteoblastic adhesion and proliferation. This study investigates the effect of reconstituted collagen fibrils on the deposition pattern of a homogeneous inorganic mineral (sodium chloride). The patterns were monitored from nanometer to millimeter scales using atomic force and light microscopies. Initially, mineral deposits formed blocks following the contour of the collagen fibrils. At later times, dendritic structures formed. This demonstrates that collagen fibrils can affect the surface deposition pattern of saline minerals. It is also shown that collagen fibril diameter and the stoichiometry of the inorganic and organic phases effect the surface distribution of minerals. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 61: 346–353, 2002