bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ganoderma lucidum spore oil synergistically enhances the function of cyclophosphamide in the prevention of breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Lian Shu , Li Wulin , Zhong Chunlian , Li Ye , Wu Changhui , Zhang Kun , Lin Jiangfei , Wang Weiyu , Katanaev Vladimir , Xie Xiaodong , Jia Lee 
Published: December 2023

Background:Ganoderma lucidum(G.lucidum) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has shown potential as an alternative adjuvant therapy for cancer patients. However, the mechanisms and adjuvant therapeutic effects ofG.lucidumin cancer treatment remain unclear.Methods:In this work,G.lucidumspore oil (GanoOil), a newly developed oilyG.lucidumspore extract was used to investigate the mechanisms and adjuvant therapeutic effects of GanoOil in conjunction with the chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide (CTX) for preventing breast cancer metastasis.Results:In the model of lung metastasis, orally administered GanoOil increased the population of CD8+T cells and interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine levels in mouse blood, whereas also enhancing the activity of natural killer cells in the spleen. Furthermore, the combination of GanoOil and CTX effectively suppressed the lung metastasis of circulating breast cancer cells, alleviated CTX-induced weight loss, and reduced the ratio of lung and spleen weight to body weight in mice. Moreover, high concentrations of GanoOil exhibited no significant toxicity or side effects in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.Conclusion:In conclusion, GanoOil is a safe drug that can enhance immune activity in mice to achieve therapeutic effects on cancer, and can also synergistically inhibit tumor metastasis with CTX.
Comparison of Physical Therapy and Orthosis on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Medial Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Jiryaei Zahra , Daryabor Aliyeh , Koutenaei Forouzan Rastgar , Khosravi Mobina 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION
Orthosis and physical therapy are two conservative managements for knee osteoarthritis (OA), but the question is which is better for alleviating pain and improving function? The aim of this study was to compare two interventions of orthosis and physical therapy on pain and function in patients with knee OA.

METHODS
In this quasi-experimental study, 31 individuals with medial knee OA were recruited into two groups including orthosis group (combination of insole and brace [n = 14]) and physical therapy group (n = 17). Pain severity was measured by visual analog scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire. Also, daily activity was measured by the WOMAC questionnaire at baseline and after 6-week follow-up. Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to determine significant difference for intragroup and intergroup comparisons, respectively.

RESULTS
The orthosis group (using both knee brace and LWLs) had a better result for pain score related to VAS than the physical therapy group immediately after and 6 weeks of using the intervention, with a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.006). Regarding the WOMAC items including pain and daily activity, both groups had significant differences after the 6-week period of using the intervention, with no significant difference between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on the findings, pain and daily activity related to the WOMAC questionnaire were improved in both orthosis and physical therapy groups, with no differences between the two interventions. The orthosis group had better results in pain related to VAS.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The aim of this study was to find whether physical therapy or orthosis best improves pain and function of knee OA patients.
Hospital Encounters Within 1 Year Postpartum Across Insurance Types, Oregon 2012–2017
Authors: Kaufman Menolly , McConnell K. John , Rodriguez Maria I. , Stratton Kalera , Richardson Dawn , Snowden Jonathan M. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Little is known about the timing and frequency of postpartum hospital encounters and postpartum visit attendance and how they may be associated with insurance types. Research on health insurance and its association with postpartum care utilization is often limited to the first 6 weeks.

Objective:
To assess whether postpartum utilization (hospital encounters within 1 year postpartum and postpartum visit attendance within 12 weeks) differs by insurance type at birth (Medicaid, high deductible health plans, and other commercial plans) and whether rates of hospital encounters differ by postpartum visit attendance and insurance status.

Methods:
Time-to-event analysis of Oregon hospital births from 2012 to 2017 using All Payer All Claims data. We conducted weighted Cox Proportional Hazard regressions and accounted for differences in insurance type at birth using multinomial propensity scores.

Results:
Among 202,167 hospital births, 24.9% of births had at least 1 hospital encounter within 1 year postpartum. Births funded by Medicaid had a higher risk of a postpartum emergency department (ED) visit (hazard ratio: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.99, 2.12) and lower postpartum visit attendance (hazard ratio: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.72) compared with commercial plans. Among Medicaid beneficiaries, missing the postpartum visit in the first 6 weeks was associated with a lower risk of subsequent readmissions (adjusted hazard ratio 0.77, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.87) and ED visits (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.87 (0.85, 0.88).

Conclusions:
Medicaid beneficiaries received more care in the ED within 1 year postpartum compared with those enrolled in other commercial plans. This highlights potential issues in postpartum care access.
Culture-negative endocarditis with multifocal spread and flail mitral valve leaflet: a case report
Authors: Lamichhane Bikal , Lamichhane Saral , Paudel Kusum , Pokhrel Nishan B. , Dhital Sandhya , Acharya Surya Kiran 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Blood culture-negative infective endocarditis is the condition in which a causative organism cannot be identified after inoculation of at least three samples using standard blood-culture systems for 7 days. It has a low reported incidence of about 2.5–31%. Causes may be infectious or non-infectious; use of prior antibiotic therapy is usually the leading factor.

Case presentation:
The authors present a case of true culture-negative endocarditis involving the mitral valve, with multiple foci of spread including brain, spleen, liver, and Intervertebral disc, which remained persistent despite treatment with intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics on an inpatient and outpatient basis but eventually improved after upgrading alternative broad-spectrum antibiotic for an extended duration. The patient had complications in the form of a flail mitral valve with persistent mitral regurgitation, requiring mitra-clip placement.

Discussion:
Positive blood culture is one of the major diagnostic criteria to establish infective endocarditis. Patients may have persistent negative cultures due to previous antibiotic use, the presence of fastidious organisms, or the use of inappropriate techniques or media. Involvement of a multidisciplinary team, use of multimodal investigations, and appropriate antibiotic stewardship are crucial. Extended duration of treatment and upgrading antibiotics can be helpful next steps in highly suspicious cases. With multifocal spread as in our case, it further becomes challenging to control and treat the infection as it is frequently connected with higher morbidity and mortality.

Conclusion:
Blood culture-negative endocarditis is an entity that can present with early complications. It is diagnostically and therapeutically challenging to treat such patients. Multimodal approaches for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial owing to its high morbidity and mortality.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Immune Checkpoints; CTLA-4, LAG3, and TIM-3 in Cancer Cells and Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) in Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Abdelrahman Doaa I. , Elhasadi Ibtesam , Anbaig Amal , Bakry Adel , Mandour Doaa , Wasefy Tamer , Yehia Ahmed M. , Alorini Mohammed , Shalaby Amany M. , Yahia Amar Ibrahim Omer , Alabiad Mohamed A. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Colorectal cancer is considered the third most prevalent cancer in both sexes. Immune checkpoint receptors that regulate T-cell response, stimulation, and development include lymphocyte activating gene 3 (LAG-3), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3). In addition, they are crucial for the advancement of cancer and tumor immune escape.

Objective:
This work’s aim was to assess the immunohistochemistry expression of Tim-3, CTLA-4, and LAG-3 in cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the correlation between these markers and clinicopathological variables and survival data.

Methods:
This study involved 206 CRC specimens processed for CTLA-4, LAG3, and TIM-3 immunohistochemistry and correlated with the clinicopathological and survival parameters of the patients.

Results:
High CTLA-4 epithelial expression was highly related to the old age group, large tumor size, low tumor-stroma ratio (TSR), high grade, advanced stage, the presence of distant metastasis (DM), perineural invasion (PNI), necrosis, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), relapse, mortality, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS), while negative CTLA-4 TILs expression was highly linked with the presence of gross perforation, low TSR, high tumor budding (TB) score, high grade, advanced stage, the existence of lymph node (LN) metastasis, DM, necrosis, LVI, PNI, DFS, mortality, and OS. Positive LAG-3 TILs expression was highly correlated with large tumor size, gross perforation, low TSR, high TB score, high grade, advanced phase, the presence of LN, necrosis, LVI, PNI, relapse DFS, mortality, and OS. High Tim-3 epithelial expression was extremely linked with low TSR, advanced phase, the presence of LN, LVI, PNI, relapse, DFS, mortality, and OS, while positive Tim-3 TILs expression was related to gross perforation, low TSR, high TB score, advanced stage, the presence of LN, DM, necrosis, relapse, DFS, mortality, and OS.

Conclusions:
The patients’ poor prognosis may be related to the immunohistochemistry expression of LAG-3, Tim-3, and CTLA-4 in CRC cancer tissue and TILs. Poor patient consequences can result from the CTLA-4, Tim-3, and LAG-3 co-expression, but CTLA-4 TILs’ expression of these proteins may inhibit the growth of tumors.
Rehabilitation medicine professionals’ views on climate change and health
Authors: Campbell Eryn , Alexander Marcalee , Kotcher John , Maibach Edward 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Climate change is already harming human health, both directly and indirectly. Physical and rehabilitation medicine professionals are at the frontlines of addressing climate change and health, as their patients are particularly vulnerable to these health harms. It is, therefore, important to understand how these health professionals understand the connection between climate and health and what resources they need to engage with the issue.

Methods:
We surveyed the members of 2 medical societies—the Association of Academic Physiatrists and the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine—to assess their climate beliefs and attitudes, understanding of climate change’s present and future health harms, the barriers they perceive to engagement with the issue, and the types of resources they would find helpful.

Results:
We found that health professionals in the field of rehabilitation medicine understand that climate change impacts human health and think actions should be taken; however, they also perceive barriers to their own involvement in educating the public and policymakers about climate and health and believe there are more urgent health issues in the region where they practice.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that health professionals in the field of rehabilitation medicine are convinced of the realities of climate change and its relationship to their profession. Further, although many in this field do perceive other health issues to be more urgent in their regions of practice, there are opportunities to provide resources and support to those who are ready to engage directly with climate change and health.
Premier Highland dancer sports injuries
Authors: Tan Michelle C. , Cortez Angela N. , Chiou-Tan Faye Y. 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
The objective of this paper is to document sports injuries in premier Highland dancers. Highland dance originated in Scotland and is a relatively unknown sport to physiatrists and sports physicians. It is not the same as Irish dance performed in tap shoes but has some similarities to ballet with regard to the turnout of the leg in the first position.

Methods:
An Institutional Review Board approved, prospective, telephone survey was conducted to document demographics, area, type, and age of injury in premier Highland dancers.

Results:
A total of 22 premier Highland dancers met the inclusion criteria for the study. In the hip region, injuries included apophysitis at the anterior superior iliac spine. In the knee region, knee effusions, shin splints, and hairline stress fractures of the tibia were reported. In addition, less common injuries in sports, such as tibialis anterior strain and plantaris tendon partial rupture, were noted. In the ankle/foot region, sprains and tears of anterior tibiofibular, calcaneofibular, posterior talofibular ankle ligaments, and plantar fasciitis were observed, as well as fractured metatarsals in the foot and degenerative arthritis.

Conclusion:
Injuries resulting from improper alignment in “turnout” (external rotation at the hip) and overuse syndromes from intense and long hours of training to reach national and international competitive premier level were observed. Uncommon injuries, such as tibialis anterior strain and plantaris tendon partial rupture, were also noted that were unique to the jumping and heel/toe maneuvers performed in this sport.
Support needs of familiar caregivers caring for persons who are minimally responsive: an ecological system approach
Authors: Kuyler Ariné , Johnson Ensa , Bornman Juan 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
The main aim of this study was to identify the multidimensional support needs of familiar caregivers and to identify the lessons they had learned throughout the caregiving process.

Background:
Persons who are minimally responsive require continuous medical care—either at home or at a care facility. The home context is often preferred as it facilitates the care process in a familiar environment and reduces adverse health outcomes, such as mortality. Home care of the person who is minimally responsive is often managed by familiar caregivers who support these individuals in all aspects of daily living. This caregiving experience may be burdensome for the familiar caregiver as increased physical, psychological, emotional, social, and financial requirements, and responsibilities could cause multidimensional stressors.

Methods:
A qualitative descriptive design using 7 semistructured in-depth interviews was used with 7 familiar caregivers of persons who were/are minimally responsive. These participants were obtained from a private care facility and thematic analysis was used to analyze the in-depth interviews.

Results:
The ecological systems theory was used to identify and link 11 themes with subthemes to the support needs reported by the caregivers. In addition, the results included the lessons learned by these caregivers from their caregiving journey.

Conclusions:
From the findings of this study, it is clear that caregivers mostly experience challenges within the microsystem and mesosystem with limited challenges in other systems. These systems are, however, integrated and can impact the individual caregiver substantially. Health care practitioners, in particular, should be aware of caregivers’ support needs and give them adequate support at home.
Patlak Reconstruction Using Dynamic 18F-FDG PET Imaging for Evaluation of Malignant Liver Tumors
Authors: Kaneko Koichiro , Nagao Michinobu , Yamamoto Atsushi , Yano Kyoko , Honda Goro , Tokushige Katsutoshi , Sakai Shuji 
Published: December 2023

Purpose of the Report
The aim of this study was to explore the different patterns of dynamic whole-body (D-WB) FDG PET/CT parameters among liver malignancy types as potential diagnostic clues and investigate the association between static and dynamic PET/CT parameters for each tumor histology.

Patients and Methods
Seventy-one patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), metastatic liver tumor (MLT), or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent D-WB and static dual-time-point FDG PET/CT were enrolled. We obtained Pearson correlation coefficients between the metabolic rate of FDG (MRFDG; mg/min/ 100ml) or distribution volume of free FDG (DVFDG, %) and static PET/CT parameters. We compared MRFDG and DVFDG values by tumor type and performed receiver operating characteristic analyses for MRFDG and static images.

Results
A total of 12 ICC, 116 MLT, and 36 HCC lesions were analyzed. MRFDG and DVFDG showed excellent correlation with early (SUVe) and delayed SUVmax (SUVd) (r = 0.71~0.97), but DVFDG in the HCC lesions did not (r = 0.62 and 0.69 for SUVe and SUVd, respectively) (P < 0.001 for all). HCC lesions showed significantly lower MRFDG (2.43 ± 1.98) and DVFDG (139.95 ± 62.58) than ICC (5.02 ± 3.56, 207.06 ± 97.13) and MLT lesions (4.51 ± 2.47, 180.13 ± 75.58) (P < 0.01 for all). The optimal MRFDG could differentiate HCC from ICC and MLT with areas under the curve of 0.84 and 0.80, respectively. Metastatic liver tumor lesions showed the widest distribution of MRFDG and DVFDG values but with no significant difference among most primary sites.

Conclusions
MRFDG was strongly correlated with SUVmax in the 3 malignancies and showed utility for differentiating HCC from ICC and MLT. Each tumor type has a different glucose metabolism, and D-WB FDG PET/CT imaging has the potential to visualize those differences.
Gastric Schwannoma Demonstrated on 18F FDG PET/CT With Pathological Correlation
Authors: Chen Jeffrey , Bui Chuong , Loh Han , Mansberg Robert 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A 66-year-old man with background hypertension and type 2 diabetes presented with 1 month history of epigastric pain for investigation. Abdominal CT and MRI identified round homogeneously enhancing mass arising from the lesser curvature of the stomach. On 18F-FDG PET/CT, the gastric mass demonstrated intense FDG uptake (SUVmax, 9.6). The patient subsequently underwent partial gastrectomy, with pathological features and immunohistochemical patterns consistent with gastric schwannoma.
Detection of Cognitive Impairment From eSAGE Metadata Using Machine Learning
Authors: Kawakami Ryoma , Wright Kathy D. , Scharre Douglas W. , Ning Xia 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
Using the metadata collected in the digital version of the Self-Administered Gerocognitive Examination (eSAGE), we aim to improve the prediction of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia (DM) by applying machine learning methods.

Patients and Methods:
A total of 66 patients had a diagnosis of normal cognition (NC), MCI, or DM, and eSAGE scores and metadata were used. eSAGE scores and metadata were obtained. Each eSAGE question was scored and behavioral features (metadata) such as the time spent on each test page, drawing speed, and average stroke length were extracted for each patient. Logistic regression (LR) and gradient boosting models were trained using these features to detect cognitive impairment (CI). Performance was evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation, with accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) score as evaluation metrics.

Results:
LR with feature selection achieved an AUC of 89.51%, a recall of 87.56%, and an F1 of 85.07% using both behavioral and scoring. LR using scores and metadata also achieved an AUC of 84.00% in detecting MCI from NC, and an AUC of 98.12% in detecting DM from NC. Average stroke length was particularly useful for prediction and when combined with 4 other scoring features, LR achieved an even better AUC of 92.06% in detecting CI. The study shows that eSAGE scores and metadata are predictive of CI.

Conclusions:
eSAGE scores and metadata are predictive of CI. With machine learning methods, the metadata could be combined with scores to enable more accurate detection of CI.
Assessing the impact of post-mortem damage and contamination on imputation performance in ancient DNA
Authors: Garrido Marques Antonio , Rubinacci Simone , Malaspinas Anna-Sapfo , Delaneau Olivier , Sousa da Mota Bárbara 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLow-coverage imputation is becoming ever more present in ancient DNA (aDNA) studies. Imputation pipelines commonly used for present-day genomes have been shown to yield accurate results when applied to ancient genomes. However,post-mortemdamage (PMD), in the form of C-to-T substitutions at the reads termini, and contamination with DNA from closely related species can potentially affect imputation performance in aDNA. In this study, we evaluated imputation performance i) when using a genotype caller designed for aDNA, ATLAS, compared to bcftools, and ii) when contamination is present. We evaluated imputation performance with principal component analyses (PCA) and by calculating imputation error rates. With a particular focus on differently imputed sites, we found that using ATLAS prior to imputation substantially improved imputed genotypes for a very damaged ancient genome (42% PMD). For the remaining genomes, ATLAS brought limited gains. Finally, to examine the effect of contamination on imputation, we added various amounts of reads from two present-day genomes to a previously downsampled high-coverage ancient genome. We observed that imputation accuracy drastically decreased for contamination rates above 5%. In conclusion, we recommend i) accounting for PMD by using a genotype caller such as ATLAS before imputing highly damaged genomes and ii) only imputing genomes containing up to 5% of contamination.