bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cluster Headache: Oxygen Saturation and End‐Tidal CO2 During and Without Attack
Authors: Shao J‐M , Sand T , Sjaastad O 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISTwenty‐eight cluster headache patients were examined either in emission (n=10), in the interparoxysmal period (“cluster phase”) (n=12), or during spontaneously occurring (n=7), or nitroglycerin provoked (n=7) attacks. Fourteen healthy controls participated in the study. Oxygen saturation (SaO2), end‐tidal CO2 (PCO2), and respiratory rate (R.R.) were recorded for the controls and the patients during the different phases of cluster headache. Both PCO2 and SaO2 tended to be lower during the interparoxysmal period of the cluster phase when compared to the control group or to the remission. During both nitroglycerin‐provoked and spontaneous attacks, PCO2 and SaO2 tended to respectively decease and increase, both when compared with the “cluster phase” and with the period immediately prior to attack (“pre‐attack”). Hence the “pre‐attack” state may, on an average, be characterized by a slight hypoxia and a slight hyperventilation. Marked, clinically observable hyperventilation was present only in the occasional cluster headache patient.There was no SaO2 decrease from the “cluster phase” (inter‐paroxysmal period) to the period immediately preceding the attack (“pre‐attack”), and SaO2“dips” preceding an attack were only observed in one cluster headache patient. As demonstrated previouslyby our group, a considerable lowering of SaO2 (i.e. partly to £83%) does only exceptionally lead to attack (Zhao et al, 1990). This observation combined with the evidence presented herein may seemto indicate that the slight pre‐attack oxygen desaturation probably is too small to be a symptom‐producing factor in cluster headache ‐ be it in the spontaneously occurring or in the induced attack. Slight O2 desaturation and hyperventilation may, however, be subtle reflections of an underlying dysfunction in autonomic control systems.
Serum and Salivary Magnesium Levels in Migraine. Results in a Group of Juvenile Patients
Authors: Gallai Virgilio , Sarchielli Paola , Coata Giuliana , Firenze Caterina , Morucci Piero , Abbritti Giuseppe 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISIn the last few years a fundamental role for magnesium in establishing the threshold for migraine attacks and involvement in the pathophysiologic mechanisms related to its onset has become evident. We measured serum and salivary magnesium levels in juvenile migraine patients (with and without aura) and in a group of healthy young individuals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Migraineurs were studied in migraine‐free (interictal) periods and during attacks. In comparison with normal subjects, migraine patients had lower levels of serum and salivary magnesium interictally. Serum magnesium levels tended to be further reduced during attacks. With respect to the values of interictal periods we observed a reduction, not statistically significant, of salivary magnesium levels for both migraine groups. Serum, and to a lesser extent salivary magnesium level reduction, could be an expression, at the peripheral level, of reduced cerebral magnesium levels which would contribute, at least in part, to defining the threshold for migraine attacks.
Transcranial Doppler: Technique and Application to Headache
Authors: Young William B. , Silberstein Stephen D. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThis article reviews the technique and physics relevant to a functional understanding of transcranial doppler. The frequently contradictory findings in migraine are reviewed. Several studies suggest increased flow velocities are common in the interictal period. There are disparate findings between studies of the ictal period. In cluster headache, there appear to be more easily reproduced changes between and during cluster attacks.
Abortive Headache Therapy in the Office With Intravenous Dihydroergotamine Plus Prochlorperazine
Authors: Saadah Hanna A. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISOver two years, 92 patients were treated in the office for 146 severe headache episodes. Headaches were aborted using four different intravenous regimens containing 0.5 or 1 mg. of dihydroergotamine and 3.5, 5, or 10 mg. of prochlorperazine. The speed and rate of response were directly proportional to the prochlorperazine dose used. High prochlorperazine doses (10 mg.) aborted the most headaches (95%) in the shortest time, but caused more sedation and akathesia. Low doses (3.5 mg.) aborted less headaches (89%) and responses were delayed; but, on the other hand, sedation was minimal and akathesia mild and uncommon. Dihydroergotamine given alone caused intolerable side effects; but, when it was given with prochlorperazine, efficacy was enhanced and side effects were greatly reduced. Aborting headaches in the office can be reliably achieved with minimal side effects by administering an intravenous mixture containing 1 mg. of dihydroergotamine and 3.5 mg. of prochlorperazine.
Motor Vehicle Accidents, Headaches and Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder: Assessment Findings in a Consecutive Series
Authors: Hickling Edward J. , Blanchard Edward B. , Silverman Daniel J. , Schwarz Shirley R 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISResults of 20 consecutive cases referred for post‐traumatic headache (PT‐HA) to a psychological practice were assessed for both psychiatric and neurological diagnoses. Nineteen of the 20 cases (95%) had a diagnosable psychiatric disorder, with 15 presenting with a post‐traumatic stress disorder. Prior headache history was reported for only 25% of the referred patients, while a prior psychiatric disorder was found for 7 (35%) of the cases. Findings suggest that consideration of a psychiatric disorder should be made for PT‐HA patients.
Long‐term Follow‐up of Relaxation Training for Pediatric Headache Disorders
Authors: Engel Joyce M. , Rapoff Michael A. , Pressman Alice Rogot 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe long‐term effects of relaxation training for pediatric headache disorders was determined for 17 of 20 original participants from a prospective control‐group experimental design study with random assignment to antogenic relaxation, progressive relaxation, autogenic plus progressive relaxation, or waiting list control groups. Long‐term follow‐up data were obtained at an average of 51 months post‐treatment.All participants reported some increases in headache activity. Participants in the three relaxation treatment groups, however, had significantly more headache‐free days and less severe headache compared to the control group. There were no significant effects of treatment for headache duration, medication intake and rest time due to headache.Twelve of the 13 treated participants indicated relaxation training was effective in relieving headaches, with 7 reporting they practiced relaxation exercises within the past month. The results generally support the long‐term benefits of relaxation in reducing headaches originating in childhood.
Propranolol in the Prophylaxis of Migraine ‐ Evaluation by Spectral Analysis of Beat‐to‐Beat Heart Rate Fluctuations
Authors: Zigelman Michel , Kuritzky Arieh , Appel Shlomo , Davidovitch Simha , Zahavi Izhar , Hering Rachel , Akselrod Solange 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISMigraine patients seem to suffer from a continuous autonomic imbalance. Sympathetic instability, expressed by enhancedlow frequency fluctuations, which exists during the headache free intervals, was observed in our previous study by spectral analysis of heart rate (HR) fluctuations. Propranolol ‐ a beta adrenoceptor antagonist, is widely used in migraine prophylaxis.In order to specify and quantitate propranolol efficacy in migraine, spectral analysis of heart rate fluctuations was performedon 10 migraine patients before and during the treatment with propranolol. They were compared to 10 healthy control patientsand 6 migraine patients who Were treated for several months with propranolol and then discontinued the medication. The analysis was carried out on a 24h Holter ECG recording, which was performed for each subject during a headache freeinterval. Short 256 sec subtraces, taken every 30 min from the 24h ECG signal, were submitted to A/D conversion, R wavedetection and computation of heart rate power spectrum.Propranolol achieved a marked effect, when comparing the power spectra of HR fluctuations in treated versus untreatedmigraine patients. A strong reduction (to normal level) in the low frequency HR fluctuations in the range below 0.1 Hz., wasapparent in patients treated with propranolol. Subjects who had received propranolol in the past and discontinued the drug,displayed a carry‐over effect of reduced fluctuations even 2‐3 months after its discontinuation. it seems that the propranololefficacy in migraine is associated with the mechanism of stabilizing the fluctuations within the frequency band related to sympathetic activity, hereby moderating the vascular instability in migraine.
Neurolysis of the Greater Occipital Nerve in Cervicogenic Headache. A Follow Up Study
Authors: Bovim Gunnar , Fredriksen Torbjørn A. , Stolt‐Nielsen Andreas , Sjaastad Ottar 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISEntrapment of the greater occipital nerve (GON) in its peripheral course has been thought to be of possible pathogenic significance in cervicogenic headache. We have performed a “liberation” operation (“neurolysis”) of the nerve in the nuchalmusculature, with special attention to the trapezius insertion, and the follow‐up results in 50 patients are presented. Theimmediate effect of the operation was quite good, but the pain gradually recurred in the majority (46/50) of the patients.Eventually, all operated patients will probably have recurrence of pain episodes. Nevertheless, most patients claim that theoverall disability is less after the operation, and 40% actually want to undergo a new, identical procedure. The justification for doing a second “liberation” operation is clearly less than for a first operation. In our opinion, this operation should not be performed in patients with cervicogenic headache in general. The present study shows that other therapeutic approache sshould be searched for in cervicogenic headache.
Efficacy of an Individualized Outpatient Program in the Treatment of Chronic Post‐Traumatic Headache
Authors: Medina Jose L. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISTwenty patients disabled for work because of chronic post‐traumatic headaches were treated: 13 men, and seven women.Their ages ranged between 26 and 69 years (mean = 40.3). Their accidents occurred three months to eight years prior to theinitial visit (mean = 1.5 yrs.). Thirteen patients had concurrent spinal injuries.They were assigned to an individualized program with emphasis on doctor‐patient relationship.All patients received medications, biofeedback, and educational sessions. Thirteen patients with concurrent spinal injuriesreceived additionally therapeutic exercises and transcutaneous nerve stimulation. Five patients needed neuromuscularre‐education, and three, stress management. All sessions were individualized.Patients attended the Center one to three times a week for three to 12 weeks (average = 9 weeks). The number oftreatment days ranged from six to 37 (average = 18.8 days). The average cost of the program for patients with headachealone was $3849.00; and for those with additional spinal injuries, $7030.00.All patients improved: markedly, 14; moderately, four; end slightly, two patients. The improvement occurred within sevento 150 days (average = 48.7 days). Seventeen out of the 20 patients, (85%) returned to work within 21ndash;224 days (average = 111days).An individualized outpatient program is very successful in the treatment of post‐traumatic headache.
Episodic Cluster Headache II: High Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption in Males1
Authors: Levi Richard , Edman Gunnar V. , Ekbom Karl , Waldenlind Elisabet 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISForty‐nine out of 51 consecutive male patients with episodic cluster headache were studied with regard to their smoking and drinking habits in general and in relation to cluster headache periods. Questionnaires were constructed for data regarding tobacco intake. Situation‐related smoking behavior was registered according toFrith (1971). Screening for alcohol over‐consumption was made using the Malmö modification of the brief Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (Mm‐MAST).Eighty‐three percent of the patients used tobacco on a regular basis at the time of the study, with an average consumption of 20 cigarettes per day. Only 3% had never used tobacco regularly. The smoking‐related desire to smoke in different situations was consistent with what is found in a general population of smokers.Sixty‐seven percent of the patients had scores on the Mm‐MAST indicative of alcohol over‐consumption (i.e.heavy social drinking or alcoholism). During active headache periods 79% decreased their alcohol intake, whereas no consistent change in tobacco consumption was reported for the group as a whole. These findings were furthercorroborated by the fact that alcohol, but not tobacco intake, was reported by the majority of patients to elicit headache attacks during periods.Thus, our study showed high alcohol and tobacco consumption to be prominent feature in male patients with episodic cluster headache. Since neither alcohol nor tobacco appear to have properties of ameliorating headache periods or attacks, the addictive behavior in our patients more likely reflects certain personality characteristics.
The Development of a Support Group Organization for Headache Sufferers
Authors: Klapper J. , Stanton J. , Seawell M. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISPeople with a wide variety of problems use support groups. We describe the development, structure and current functioning of a support group organization for headache sufferers, which has grown from ten members to 300 in four years. About one‐half of the members participate in ten currently functioning support groups. In addition to these support groups, the organizationplays an active role in the community by sponsoring public awareness seminars, publishing a quarterly newsletter, providing emergency treatment cards, and making knowledgeable speakers available to local business groups.The membership has been described by means of a questionnaire. Information regarding medical history, impact of headaches on everyday functioning, and involvement with the organization is presented. Future directions of the organization are discussed.
Two Studies of the Non‐Pharmacological Treatment of Menstrually‐Related Migraine Headaches
Authors: Kim Mirihae , Blanchard Edward B. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISIn order to evaluate the effect of non‐pharmacological treatment on menstrual and non‐menstrual migraine headache (HA), 2 studies have been conducted. In Study I which was a retrospective examination of between group reactions to non‐drug treatments, 37 self‐defined menstrual migraineurs and 62 non‐menstrual migraineurs showed comparable overall Improvement (reduction in HA activity) after treatment, but menstrual migraineurs maintained larger usage of medication across time than non‐menstrual migraineurs. In Study 2 which was aprospective examination of within subject reactions to non‐drug treatments, 15 carefully documented menstrual migraineurs again showed comparable levels of overall improvement but also showed that level of menstrual headache activity remained higher across time then non‐menstrual migraine HA. Because there were no interactions of time and type of migraine in either study, these results raise some questions about the existence of differential effectiveness of non‐pharmacological treatment of menstrual vs non‐menstrual migraine.
Headache Responses Following m‐Chlorophenylpiperazine in Bulimics and Controls
Authors: Brewerton Timothy D. , Murphy Dennis L. , Lesem Michael D. , Brandt Harry A. , Jimerson David C. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISWe have previously reported that the serotonin (5‐HT) agonist meta‐chlorophenylpiperazine (m‐CPP) induced late occurring migraine‐like headaches in a group of patients with eating disorders and controls (n=52).1 In this report, we extend our analyses of these data and describe results indicating that headache responses following m‐CPP are greater in patients with bulimia nervosa than controls, regardless of the presence of anorexia nervosa or major depression. Although patients with severe migraine‐like headaches had higher peak m‐CPP levels than patients without severe headaches, these levels are not higher than other groups studied who did not get headaches. These findings suggest that post‐synaptic 5‐HT receptor sensitivity is altered in the vascular tissues of bulimic patients. Additional disturbances in 5‐HT function, perhaps presynaptic ones, may be associated with anorexia nervosa and major depression. Similar alterations in other 5‐HT pathways at or above the level of the hypothalamus may contribute to binge eating and other behavioral symptoms of bulimia nervosa. Further studies exploring the functional integrity of 5‐HT receptors and their subtypes are warranted in bulimic patients, as well as in patients with nonbulimic anorexia nervosa, minor and major depression without an eating disorder, and migraine and other headache patients.
Platelet Gamma‐Aminobutyric Acid Levels in Migraine and Tension‐Type Headache
Authors: Kowa Hisanori , Shimomura Tokio , Takahashi Kazuro 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISGamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in platelets were measured in 19 patients with migraine (7 males and 12 females, average age: 36.5 years) and 27 patients with chronic tension‐type headache (TH; 9 males and 18 females, average age: 48.9 years). Twenty‐one normal healthy volunteers composed the control group (11 males and 10 females, average age 34.9 years). The GABA levels in platelets were determined using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection (HPLC‐FC). The GABA levels in platelets were 30.8 $plusmn; 11.7 pmol/109 platelets (mean ± S.D.) in the patients with migraine, 43.1 ± 11.8 pmol/109 platelets in the patients with TH and 34.7 ± 8.1 pmol/109 platelets in the healthy controls. The platelet GABA levels in the patients with TH were significantly higher than in the migraine patients end the healthy controls (p<0.05).The possible role of GABA in headache is discussed. We consider that TH may be a state of neuronal hyperexcitability similar to migraine and that GABA in the platelets of patients during TH attacks may be elevated to counterbalance it. Alternatively, we suggest that the rise of GABA levels in platelets is related to emotional factors, such as depression, in the TH patients. Further studies must be undertaken concerning the relationship between platelet GABA levels and headache.
Olfaction in Migraineurs
Authors: Hirsch Alan R. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISMany investigators have described olfactory dysfunction among migraineurs. Olfactory stimuli can precipitate migraine, and olfactory hallucinations can occur as auras of migraines or as part of the symptom complex. Despite many reports linking olfactory phenomena and migraine, no evaluations of the olfactory abilities of migraineurs have been documented. To begin such assessments, sixty‐seven consecutive migraine patients were given Pyridine odor threshold tests. Twelve of them (18%) scored as hyposmic or anosmic. In comparison, 1% of the general population of the U.S. is hyposmic or anosmic. Aside from possible diagnostic or methodological error, several possibilities may account for our result: migraine may induce olfactory pathology; olfactory pathology may induce migraine, or; a common pathogen may induce both olfactory dysfunction and migraine. The association of migraine with the emotional component of the limbic system has long been recognized, and our results strengthen its association with the olfactory component as well. Headache patients should be tested for olfactory loss and warned of such risks as inability to detect gas leaks and spoiled food.
Hemicrania Continua: Attacks May Alternate Sides
Authors: Newman Lawrence C. , Lipton Richard B. , Russell Marjorie , Solomon Seymour 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISHemicrania continua (HC) is characterized by a continuous unilateral headache of moderate severity, occurring in 2 patterns; a continuous form in which headaches persist continuously without remission for years, and a remitting form, consisting of headache phases separated by periods of pain‐free remission. The remitting form of HC must be distinguished from other cyclical headache disorders such as episodic paroxysmal hemicrania and episodic cluster headache. Characteristically, the headache of HC is unilateral and without sideshift. We now report a case of HC in which headaches alternate sides.
Psychometric Characteristics of the Headache‐Specific Locus of Control Scale
Authors: VandeCreek Larry , Min D. , O'Donnell Francis 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISMartin and colleagues have described their development of a Headache‐Specific Locus of Control scale (HSLC) which contains 11 items for each of its three subscales: internal, health care professional, and chance orientations. In this replication study, we gathered data from patients who came to a Headache Clinic in a medical center (n = 151) and from a comparison sample (n = 192). Factor analysis and alpha coefficients were similar to those reported by Martin. Only small correlations were found between the subscale scores although some of them were statistically significant. This suggests that the HSLC is a psychometrically competent instrument. Additionally, mean scores of its three subscales differentiated the patient population from those whose headaches were less severe and thus did not seek help
Childhood Onset Cluster Headaches
Authors: Maytal Joseph , Lipton Richard B. , Solomon Seymour , Shinnar Solomo 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISCluster headaches are rare in childhood. We identified 35 patients with cluster headaches starting at or before 18 years of age, including 7 patients with onset prior to age 10. All patients met the criteria of the International Headache Society for episodic or chronic cluster headaches. Patients experienced cluster headaches for as long as 20 years before seeking medical attention and required many medical contacts to establish the correct diagnosis. The clinical features f cluster headaches during childhood were similar to those which typically occur in adult life. Cluster headache patterns changed over 18 years of follow up.The frequency and duration of cluster periods increased in 14 subjects. The frequency of single headache attacks during cluster periods also increased in a similar number of subjects.We conclude that cluster headaches starting in childhood or adolescence closely resemble the adult form of the disease. In many patients, the frequency and duration of cluster periods and the frequency of the individual headache episodes increased over time. Cluster headache represent a treatable under‐recognized cause of severe headache in childhood and adolescence.