bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Turnpike Result for Boundary Control Problems with the Transport Equation under Uncertainty
Authors: Schuster Michael , Sakamoto Noboru 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Turnpike results hold a central position in the area of applied mathematics, offering profound insights into the long-term behavior of optimal control systems. They play an important role in guiding decision-making processes in dynamic systems. Often dynamic systems depend on uncertain data and/or parameters.
In this paper, optimal boundary control problems for the transport equation with random initial data and random source term are considered. The paper commences with a presentation of a novel direct proof for a integral turnpike result for the optimal control and the corresponding optimal state in the deterministic setting, that does not require any restrictions on the source term of the transport equation.
Further the analysis is extended to the stochastic setting, where the initial data is perturbed by a Wiener process and the source term is multiplied with a random variable. Integral turnpike results for the optimal controls and the corresponding expected optimal states are presented for this setting as well and the turnpike constant is further specified for Gaussian and uniformly distributed random variables.
Research Proposal for the Retrospective Cohort Study Evaluating the Impact of School-based Influenza Vaccination Programme on Absenteeism and Outbreaks at Schools in Hong Kong
Authors: Miao Chuhan , Lu Qingyang , Wang Yingli , Bo Yan , He Jianxun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Seasonal influenza causes annual school breaks and student absenteeism in Hong Kong schools and kindergartens. This proposal aims to conduct a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of a school-based influenza vaccination (SIV) programme on absenteeism and outbreaks at schools in Hong Kong.
Methods: The study will compare schools that implemented the SIV programme with schools that did not. The data will be sourced from school records, encompassing absenteeism records, outbreak reports, and vaccination rates. We will recruit students from schools in 18 districts of Hong Kong starting June 2024.
The primary outcome measures will include absenteeism rates due to influenza and school influenza outbreaks. Secondary outcomes will consist of vaccination coverage rates and the impact of the SIV programme on hospitalisations due to influenza-like illness. We will conduct a t-test to compare the outcomes between schools with and without the SIV programme.
Discussion: Evidence gathered from this proposed study will provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of SIV programmes in reducing absenteeism and preventing school outbreaks. The results will inform Hong Kong’s public health influenza prevention and control strategies. Furthermore, this proposed study is expected to contribute to the existing knowledge on the impact of SIV programs and provide evidence to support the implementation and expansion of such programs in Hong Kong and other similar places.
Sustainable Resource Practices: a Study of Non-timber Forest Product Dependency in the Bijagoi Community, Bau District, Sarawak
Authors: NOWEG TONGA , KELEMAN ALFRED , NELSON JULIA 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are important components of ecosystem services offered by the forest and one of the resources that have a comparative advantage and are in direct contact with communities living around the forest. The study was conducted in Bau District, Sarawak to determine the BiJagoi community’s utilization and dependency on the NTFPs. Preliminary investigation and consultation were conducted with the presence of community leaders, followed by community group discussion and household interviews. The results show that BiJagoi depends on the NTFPs as secondary sources of medicine, firewood, food, and materials for handicrafts. They mostly use NTFPs for personal use. They also mostly collected the NTFPs from outside of JHF and collected the NTFPs only when needed. It was also found that only the frequency of firewood collection is influenced by age. The study concluded that although the BiJagoi depends on NTFPs in their daily life, the pattern utilization is influenced by the age factor. Hence, there is a need for traditional knowledge documentation to preserve the NTFPs' utilization knowledge, thus helping in managing the natural resources.
Mechanical properties of polyurethane foam reinforced with natural henequen fibre
Authors: Pech-Can G. E. , Flores-Johnson E. A. , Carrillo J. G. , Bele E. , Valadez-Gonzalez A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Fibre-reinforced polyurethane (FRPU) foams with natural henequen fibres were investigated. Pull-out tests were performed with 10-mm fibres and various foam densities to identify the optimal density of 100 kg/m3. Thus, FRPU foams with this density and fibre contents of 1, 2 and 3 wt% were manufactured for mechanical testing. Compression tests showed an increase in the elastic modulus of the FRPU foam specimens compared to the unreinforced PU foam. The FRPU foams also exhibited higher yield stress attributed to the reinforcing effect of the fibres on the cell walls. A maximum increase of 71% in the compressive yield stress was observed for the FRPU foam specimens with a fibre content of 2%. In addition, FRPU foam specimens absorbed more energy for any given strain than the unreinforced PU foam. Flexural tests showed the FRPU foams exhibited increased flexural strength compared to the unreinforced PU foam. A maximum increase of 40% in the flexural strength was observed for the FRPU foam with a fibre content of 1%. The flexural strain to failure was lower for the FRPU foams than for the unreinforced PU foam, attributed to the increased fibre agglomeration with increased fibre content. These results suggest that FRPU foams incorporating natural henequen fibre exhibit promising potential as sustainable materials with enhanced mechanical properties.
A Simple and New Chromone Congeners Promote Anticancer Activity: Synthesis, Bioactivity Assessment and molecular docking study with ADME profile
Authors: Abo-Salem Heba M. , Souda Sahar S.M. El , Shafey Heba I. , Zoheir Khairy , Ahmed Khadiga M. , Mahmoud K. , Mahrous Karima F. , Fawzy Nagwa M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In consideration of the chromones' therapeutic potential and anticancer activity, a new series of chromanone derivatives have been synthesized through a straightforward reaction between 6-formyl-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methylchromone (2) and various organic active compounds. The cytotoxic activity of the newly synthesized congeners was investigated against MCF-7 (human breast cancer), HCT-116 (colon cancer), HepG2 (liver cancer), and normal skin fibroblast cells (BJ1). The obtained data indicated that compounds 14b, 17, and 19 induce cytotoxic activity in the breast MCF7, while compounds 6a, 6b, 11 and 14c showed highly potent activity in the colon cancer cell lines. Overall, the results demonstrate that the potential cytotoxic effects of the studied compounds may base on their ability to induce DNA fragmentation in cancer cell lines, down-regulate the expression level of CDK4 as well as the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and up-regulate the expression of the pro-apoptotic genes p53 and Bax. Furthermore, compounds 14b and 14c showed a dual mechanism of action via apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induction. The docking studies were found to be consistent with the experimental results owing to the stronger binding affinity of the most active cytotoxic compounds within the active pocket of the CDK4 enzyme through hydrophobic and H-bonding interactions.
Protective effect of puerarin esters against oxygen and glucose deprivation-reoxygenation- induced microglial cells damage
Authors: Mo Lan , Zhao Guang-lei , Li Xiao-feng , He Ning , Xiao xing-long , Xu Hai-xia , Yu Yi-gang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Puerarin esters (PAES) modified by puerarin (PU) are a novel isoflavone. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that PAES with medium-long chain lengths may exert a neuroprotective effect against ischemic stroke through NF-κB signaling, TNF signaling, and other apoptosis-related signaling pathways. To clarify the protective effect of PAES on ischemic stroke, this present study was carried out by using a typical cell model-oxygen and glucose deprivation-reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced microglial cells model. Results showed that pretreatment with PAES (25 µM) remarkably increased oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cell viability and promoted the polarization of these cells to the M2 phenotype. In addition, PAES (25 µM) decreased OGD/R-induced cell death via suppressing cleaved-caspase 3 expression and decreasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. We further demonstrated that PAES, by activating the Nrf2/Akt pathway, up-regulated SOD1 expression and inhibited the oxidative stress response. A further analysis revealed that PAES significantly decreased OGD/R-induced TNF-α and IL-1β levels and downregulated MMP2 and MMP9 expression, which was related with NF-κB translocation and P38-JNK signaling pathway. In conclusion, this study reports that PAES effectively antagonize OGD/R-caused inflammation damage and oxidative stress in microglia cells, thereby offering a new direction for ischemic stroke-induced cell damage.
Transcriptome analysis of antioxidant system response in Styrax tonkinensis seedlings under flood- drought abrupt alternation
Authors: Chen Hong , Han Chao , Cui Luomin , Liu Zemao , Yu Fangyuan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Styrax tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hartwich is a promising oil species with excellent fatty acid composition, making it a potential candidate for biofuel production. However, its expansion in the south provinces of Yangtze River region has been hindered by climate extremes such as flood-drought abrupt alternation (FDAA), which is caused by global warming. This species has low tolerance to waterlogging and drought, further restricting its growth in this region. To investigate the antioxidant system and the molecular response related to peroxisome pathway of S. tonkinensis under FDAA, we conducted FDAA and drought (DT) experiments on two-years old seedlings. We measured various growth indexes, reactive oxygen species content, the activity of two antioxidant enzymes and analyzed transcriptome of its seedlings under FDAA and DT conditions.
Results
The results displayed that the reduction in fresh weight was mainly observed in the leaves under FDAA condition. Through transcriptome analysis, we assembled a total of 1,111,088 unigenes (1,111,628,179 bp). We analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant system. Generally, SOD1 and SOD2 genes in S. tonkinensis seedlings were upregulated to combat abiotic stresses. Our findings revealed that ROS accumulation was predominantly observed in leaves rather than roots under FDAA. Under FDAA circumstance, Protein Mpv17 (MPV17) showed the opposite reaction in leaves and roots with upregulation and downregulation, respectively.
Conclusions
The ROS generation triggered by MPV17 genes was not the main reason for the eventual mortality of the plant. Instead, plant mortality may be attributed to water loss during the waterlogging phase, decreased root water uptake capacity, and continued water loss during the subsequent drought period. This study establishes a scientific foundation for comprehending the morphological, physiological, and molecular facts of S. tonkinensis under FDAA conditions.
Study on deformation and structural characteristics of the M w 7.4 earthquake fault zone in Maduo, Qinghai Province by combining optical, InSAR and seismic data
Authors: yu shuyuan , Zhang Shubi , 赵 德政 , 骆 佳骥 , Yang Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

By means of D-InSAR and weighted least square method, the coseismic deformation field of the Mw7.4 earthquake in Maduo, Qinghai Province on May 22, 2021 was solved by using Sentinel-1A data of ESA. The horizontal deformation field of earthquake was extracted from Sentinel-2 optical data, and the vorticity field, divergence field, and shear strain field were introduced as operators to obtain the special surface deformation mode associated with surface rupture geometry. On this basis, the singular value decomposition algorithm was used to fit the point cloud data of the aftershocks so as to obtain the geometric structure parameters of the seismogenic faults. The fine structure characteristics of coseismic slip distribution were inverted with the constraint of InSAR deformation field in ascending orbit. The results show that the length of surface rupture trajectory of the Maduo earthquake reaches 166 km, and branch ruptures occur at both the head and the end. The movement of seismogenic faults is mainly left-lateral strike-slip; the main rupture occurs in the depth range of 0 ~ 10 km. There are 8 ruptured concave-convex bodies along the fault strike, with the maximum slip amount reaching 5 m, and the moment magnitude being Mw7.42. The area where static Coulomb stress increases on the seismogenic fault is consistent with the distribution of aftershocks, indicating that aftershocks are triggered by static Coulomb stress loading. Combined with field investigation, geological data and geodetic data, it is concluded that the seismogenic fault is a fault in its early evolution process, and the rupture of the main fault F3 may excite the immature F2 fault.
Validation of parameters selection of aluminium busducts welding with micro-jet cooling by using Method of Fundamental Solutions
Authors: Szczucka-Lasota Bożena , Uściłowska Anita , Węgrzyn Tomasz , Węgrzyn-Wolska Katarzyna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aluminum alloys are lightweight and resistant to corrosion in the natural environment, which is why they are a proper material for responsible structures (in the civil engineering structures, automotive industry, electric conductors). Purpose of the paper was coupling MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding process with parameters of micro-jet cooling just after aluminium busducts welding. There are given the main information about parameters of aluminum welding with the micro-jet cooling process. There were also put down information about the influence of various micro-jet parameters on the metallographic structure. After that, there were tested metallographic and some physical properties of welding structures (mechanical resistance, electrical conductivity). Welding with micro-jet cooling could be treated as a very promising process with high industrial applications. In addition, using Method of Fundamental Solutions, the influence of the heat flow process in WMD (weld metal deposit) after welding with micro-jet cooling was checked. The effect of micro-jet cooling on the grain refinement of weld metal deposit was carefully investigated. Controlled influence of the heat flow process in the welded joint will allow for proper selection of micro-jet cooling parameters. The article focuses on the mechanical and especially electrical properties of busducts welds made with innovative micro-jet cooling.
The influence of a new operative channel on water dynamics and its related factors in unilateral biportal endoscopic spine surgery: An in vivo human study
Authors: Wang Qian-liang , Chen Jian-peng , Peng Yu-jian , Dai Jun , Liu Xiao-feng , Yan Jun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background In recent years, unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) surgery has become one of the most popular minimally invasive spine surgeries. Unlike traditional open surgery, UBE surgery is performed in isotonic saline solution. Therefore, comprehending the water dynamics involved in UBE surgery is crucial.Methods This prospective study involved 29 patients with single-level lumbar instability or degenerative disk disease who underwent UBE surgery between April 2021 and March 2022. Water flow pressure was measured using a disposable pressure transducer. Multifidus muscle MRI images were analyzed by ImageJ software at intervertebral disc levels. Perioperative blood loss was estimated by the Gross formula. The obtained data were then analyzed with independent t tests, chi-squared tests, and Pearson’s correlation.Results Height and weight were risk factors for increased water flow pressure during UBE surgery (r = 0.424, P = 0.022, r = 0.384, P = 0.040). The phenomenon of low water flow pressure led to escalations in perioperative total blood loss, hematocrit loss and hemoglobin loss (r=-0.369, P = 0.049, r=-0.424, P = 0.022, r=-0.405, P = 0.029). An excessive water flow pressure can worsen postoperative multifidus swelling and elevate the patient's leg pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score at 1 week (r = 0.442, P = 0.016, r = 0.394, P = 0.034).Conclusion Both low and high water flow pressures can have deleterious effects. The water flow pressure should be controlled within a reasonable range during UBE surgery.
Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models versus allometric scaling for prediction of tyrosine-kinase inhibitor exposure from adults to children
Authors: Centanni Maddalena , Elhad David , Zaher Omar , Karlsson Mats O. , Friberg Lena E. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Model-based methods can predict pediatric exposure and support initial dose selection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of allometric scaling of population pharmacokinetic (popPK) versus physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models in predicting the exposure of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for pediatric patients (≥ 2 years), based on adult data. The drugs imatinib, sunitinib and pazopanib were selected as case studies due to their complex PK profiles including high inter-patient variability, active metabolites, time-varying clearances and non-linear absorption.
Methods
Pediatric concentration measurements and adult popPK models were derived from the literature. Adult PBPK models were generated in PK-Sim® using available physicochemical properties, calibrated to adult data when needed. PBPK and popPK models for the pediatric populations were scaled from the models for adults and were used to simulate concentration-time profiles that were compared to the observed values.
Results
Ten pediatric datasets were collected from the literature. While both types of models captured the concentration-time profiles of imatinib, its active metabolite, sunitinib and pazopanib, the PBPK models underestimated sunitinib metabolite concentrations. In contrast, allometrically scaled popPK simulations accurately predicted all concentration-time profiles. Trough concentration (Ctrough) predictions from the popPK model fell within a 2-fold range for all compounds, while 3 out of 5 PBPK predictions exceeded this range for the imatinib and sunitinib metabolite concentrations.
Conclusion
Based on the identified case studies it appears that allometric scaling of popPK models is better suited to predict exposure of TKIs in pediatric patients ≥ 2 years, likely due to the capacity of the modeling method to account for complex PK characteristics. In some instances, both methods performed comparably. Understanding where discrepancies between the model methods arise, can further inform model development and ultimately support pediatric dose selection.
Fibroblast activation protein and disease severity, progression, and survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Prior Thomas Skovhus , Hoyer Nils , Davidsen Jesper Rømhild , Shaker Saher Burhan , Hundahl Malthe Pallesgaard , Lomholt Søren , Deleuran Bent Winding , Bendstrup Elisabeth , Kragstrup Tue Wenzel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by progressive fibrosis in the lungs. Activated fibroblasts play a central role in fibrogenesis and express fibroblast activation protein α. A truncated, soluble form (sFAP) can be measured in blood and is a potential novel biomarker of disease activity.
Objectives
The aim was to study the association between sFAP and clinical, radiological, and histopathologic measures of disease severity, progression and survival in a prospective, multicenter, real-world cohort of patients with IPF.
Methods
Patients with IPF were recruited from the tertiary interstitial lung disease centers in Denmark and followed for up to three years. Baseline serum levels of sFAP were measured by ELISA in patients with IPF and compared to healthy controls. Pulmonary function tests, 6-minute walk test and quality of life measures were performed at baseline and during follow-up.
Results
The study comprised 149 patients with IPF. Median sFAP in IPF was 49.6 ng/mL (IQR: 43.1–61.6 ng/mL) and in healthy controls 73.8 ng/mL (IQR: 62.1–92.0 ng/mL). Continuous sFAP was not associated with disease severity, progression or survival (p > 0.05). After dichotomization of sFAP below or above mean sFAP + 2 SD for healthy controls, higher levels of sFAP were associated with lower FVC % predicted during follow-up (p < 0.01).
Conclusions
Higher than normal serum levels of sFAP were associated with longitudinal changes in FVC % predicted, but sFAP did not show clear associations with other baseline or longitudinal parameters. sFAP may be used to identify patients with IPF having a progressive disease course.
Causal role of metabolites in Non-small cell lung cancer: Mendelian randomization (MR) study
Authors: Li Qian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
On a global scale, lung cancer(LC) is the most commonly occurring form of cancer. Nonetheless, the process of screening and detecting it in its early stages presents significant challenges. Earlier research endeavors have recognized metabolites as potentially reliable biomarkers for LC. However, the majority of these studies have been limited in scope, featuring inconsistencies in terms of the relationships and levels of association observed.Moreover, there has been a lack of consistency in the types of biological samples utilized in previous studies. Therefore, the main objective of our research was to explore the correlation between metabolites and Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Thorough two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, we investigated potential cause-and-effect relationships between 1400 metabolites and the risk of NSCLC.The analysis of Two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) revealed a significant causal impact of 61 metabolites on NSCLC.To ensure the reliability and validity of our findings, we perform FDR correction for P-values by Benjaminiand Hochberg(BH) method, Our results indicate that Oleate/vaccenate (18:1) levels and Caffeine to paraxanthine ratio may be causally associated with an increased risk of NSCLC [Oleate/vaccenate(18:1)levels: OR = 1.171,95%CI: 1.085–1.265, FDR = 0.036; Caffeine to paraxanthine ratio: OR = 1.386, 95%CI:1.191–1.612,FDR = 0.032].