bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Electrochemical Iodination of Electron‐Deficient Arenes
Authors: Torabi Sara , Jamshidi Mahdi , Hilt Gerhard 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe iodination of electron‐deficient arenes and heteroarenes is a long‐standing problem in organic synthesis. Herein we describe the electrochemical iodination in nitromethane with Bu4NI as iodine source and supporting electrolyte under Lewis acid‐free conditions in the presence of small amounts of chloride anions. The electrochemically generated reagent could be applied for the iodination of halogenated arenes, aromatic aldehydes, acids, esters, ketones, as well as nitroarenes to afford the products in good to excellent yields.
Logic‐Gated DNA Intelligent Nanorobots for Cellular Lysosome Interference and Enhanced Therapeutics
Authors: Wang Qiwei , Chang Ruixue , Li Xiuping , Zhang Ying , Fan Xiangshan , Shi Lili , Li Tao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEnvironment‐recognizing DNA nanodevices have proven promising for cellular manipulation and disease treatment, whereas how to sequentially respond to different cellular microenvironments remains a challenge. To this end, here we elaborate a logic‐gated intelligent DNA nanorobot (Gi‐DR) for the cascade response to inter‐ and intra‐cellular microenvironments, thereby achieving lysosome‐targeted cargo delivery for subcellular interference and tumor treatment with enhanced efficacy. Utilizing G‐quadruplexes to respond to high‐level K+ in cancer cell surrounding, this Gi‐DR nanorobot can activate an aptamer‐based transmembrane DNA machine that delivers molecular payloads to cellular lysosome. Accordingly, the nanoassembly of Gi‐DR is promoted by the folding of heterodimeric i‐motifs in the acidic microenvironment. Such a design allows the extra‐/intra‐cellular behaviors of the Gi‐DR nanorobot to be programmed by an YES‐AND logic circuit, with environmental K+ and H+ as two inputs. As a consequence, DNA nanostrips are controllably formed in living cells, interfering with lysosomal function and thereby preventing cellular proliferation. Further, a therapeutic agent (i.e. ligand‐drug conjugate) is delivered into target cancer cells for synergistic tumor treatment in vivo, exhibiting the super‐enhanced cancer cell lethality and anti‐tumor efficacy. It well illustrates that our designed logic‐gated DNA nanorobot has broad application prospects in modulating cellular function and precision disease treatment.
Towards the Stable Chelation of Radioantimony(V) for Targeted Auger Theranostics
Authors: Olson Aeli P. , Schrage Briana R. , Islam Md Faizul , Fletcher Lesta S. , Verich Francesca , Dierolf Morgan A. , Aluicio‐Sarduy Eduardo , Becker Kaelyn V. , Driscoll Darren M. , Girish Nidhi , Simms Megan E. , Kertesz Vilmos , White Frankie D. , Boros Eszter , Ivanov Alexander S. , Engle Jonathan W. , Thiele Nikki A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAntimony‐119 (119Sb) is one of the most attractive Auger‐electron emitters identified to date, but it remains practically unexplored for targeted radiotherapy because no chelators have been identified to stably bind this metalloid in vivo. In a departure from current studies focused on chelator development for Sb(III), we explore the chelation chemistry of Sb(V) using the tris‐catecholate ligand TREN‐CAM. Through a combination of radiolabeling, spectroscopic, solid‐state, and computational studies, the radiochemistry and structural chemistry of TREN‐CAM with 1XX/natSb(V) were established. The resulting [1XXSb]Sb–TREN‐CAM complex remained intact for several days in human serum, signifying high stability under biological conditions. Finally, the first in vivo single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography imaging studies were carried out using 117Sb, the diagnostic analogue of 119Sb. These studies revealed marked differences in the uptake and distribution of activity in mice administered unchelated [117Sb]Sb(OH)6– versus [117Sb]Sb–TREN‐CAM, suggesting that 117Sb is largely retained by TREN‐CAM over the time course of the study. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the most physiologically stable complex of no‐carrier‐added 1XXSb yet reported, offering new promise for the clinical implementation of radioantimony in nuclear medicine. Our results also establish the feasibility of 117Sb as an elementally matched partner to 119Sb for theranostic applications.
SN2−Reaction− Bonding‐Heterointerface Strengthens Buried Adhesion and Orientation for Advanced Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Naimin , Duan Jialong , Zhang Chenlong , Zhang Jinyue , Bi Yueyang , Ma Linzheng , Xu Dongmei , Gao Jun , Duan Xingxing , Dou Jie , Guo Qiyao , He Benlin , Zhao Yuanyuan , Tang Qunwei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTraditionally weak buried interaction without customized chemical bonding always goes against the formation of high‐−quality perovskite film that highly determines the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. To address this issue, herein, we propose a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN2) driving strategy to idealize the robust buried interface by simultaneously decorating underlying substrate and functionalizing [PbX6]4− octahedral framework with iodoacetamide and thiol molecules, respectively. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that a strong SN2 reaction between exposed halogen and thiol group in two molecules occurs, which not only benefits the reinforcement of buried adhesion, but also triggers target‐point‐oriented crystallization, synergistically upgrading the upper perovskite film quality and accelerating interfacial charge extraction–transfer behavior. Benefiting from the suppressed nonradiative recombination, as a result, an all‐air‐processed carbon–based all‐inorganic CsPbI2Br device achieves an enhanced efficiency of 15.14 %, more importantly, with significantly prolonged long‐term stability under harsh conditions. This unique reaction–driven buried interface provides a new path for manipulating perovskite growth and obtaining advanced perovskite photovoltaics.
Implementation of Bundled Interventions to Reduce Surgical Site Infections in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Cardiothoracic Surgery: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Campbell Melissa M. , Turi Jennifer , Collier Sharah , English Cheyenne , Sistla Vani , Smith Michael J. , Moorthy Ganga , Seidelman Jessica , Smith Becky A. , Lewis Sarah S. , Kalu Ibukunoluwa C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPediatric patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery are at increased risk for health care–associated infections, especially surgical site infections (SSIs). Delayed sternal closures are associated with prolonged lengths of stay and contribute to infection risks and morbidities. At a single‐site academic pediatric center, we created an SSI‐prevention bundle targeting the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care periods. Using standard criteria, we determined the epidemiology of SSIs and measured SSI rates per 100 procedures from 2017 through 2023 before and after bundle implementation. Infections were predominantly caused by skin commensal bacteria. Despite an initial decrease in SSI rates for routine procedures and procedures with delayed sternal closures, there was no significant difference in SSI rates per 100 procedures during the preimplementation and postimplementation periods. However, compliance with bundle elements was preserved throughout the postimplementation period, including during the COVID‐19 pandemic, which suggests that the use of the bundle is sustainable at our facility.
Bifunctional Imidazole Cross‐Linked Anion Exchange Membrane Based on Quaternized Chitosan With High Performance
Authors: Cui Yuying , Wang Lulu , Zhang Yang , Li Shuang , Zhang Fan , Wang Jilin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDeveloping novel anion‐exchange membranes (AEMs) that feature superior hydroxide conductivity and excellent alkaline stability poses a major challenge. Among different kinds, cross‐linked AEMs enjoy the highest popularity, thanks to their uncomplicated fabrication procedures and outstanding stability. However, it is noteworthy that in the majority of instances, the employment of covalent cross‐linking methods often plunges AEMs into a conductivity‐stability conundrum. That is to say, when efforts are made to boost the conductivity, the stability tends to be compromised, and conversely, attempts to enhance stability might adversely affect conductivity. To tackle the conductivity‐stability issue faced by conventional covalent cross‐linked AEMs, within this research, innovative bifunctional imidazole cross‐linking agents that carry imidazole cations were synthesized using N‐(3‐aminopropyl)‐imidazole and 3‐chloropropylamine. Following that, these agents were then utilized to manufacture high‐performance cross‐linked quaternized chitosan (QCS) membranes. The bifunctional cross‐linker was able to furnish an ionic 3‐D network, further promoting the formation of microphase separation morphology and a densely cross‐linked structure, thereby bringing about both excellent conductivity and alkaline stability. The as‐prepared QCS‐MI0.3 AEM exhibited a relatively low swelling ratio of 29.7% at 80°C, along with outstanding conductivity reaching 128.83 mS cm−1 at the same temperature. Moreover, it demonstrated remarkable alkaline stability, with 92% of its conductivity retained after being immersed in 6 M KOH at 80°C for 168 h. Meanwhile, the single cell built upon the QCS‐MI0.3 AEM likewise showcased remarkable fuel cell performance, achieving a power output of 518.08 mW cm−2 at 80°C, and exhibited excellent durability as well. This research effort devised a novel approach for synthesizing high‐performance cross‐linked AEMs, which further augmented the application potential of QCS‐based AEMs in the realm of fuel cells.
Effects of 60 Hz Non‐ Uniform Electromagnetic Fields on Tomato (cv L‐05) Seed Germination, Photosynthesis and Seedling Growth Under Salt Stress Conditions
Authors: Alemán Elizabeth Isaac , Díaz Rangel Sierra , Dubois Albys Ferrer , Boix Yilan Fung , Aguilera Jorge González , Zuffo Alan Mario , Steiner Fábio 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEffects of 60 Hz non‐uniform electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on the tomato (cv. L‐05) seed germination, photosynthesis, and seedling growth under salt stress and laboratory conditions were investigated. A previous trial investigated the impact of salt stress levels (0, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mM NaCl) on tomato seeds, and the 100 mM NaCl level was selected to study the effects of EMFs in attenuating salinity stress on germination, physiology, and growth of tomato seedlings. In the second experiment, untreated seeds and seeds treated with nonuniform EMFs of 2, 4 and 6 mT for 9 min were exposed to a 100 mM NaCl saline solution (SS). The results of the first bioassay showed that the addition of SS drastically reduced the germination percentage (67%), mean germination time (54%), mean germination speed (69%), germination rate index (39%), and germination vigor (78%) of tomato seeds when compared to the control treatment. In the second experimental trial, the effect of pretreatment of tomato seeds with EMFs of 2 or 4 mT for 9 min exposed to SS stress revealed a significant increase in the germination percentage (224%–226%) and germination rate (128%–151%). Salinity stress drastically reduced the tomato seed germination while 60 Hz nonuniform EMFs induced a mitigating response of tomato seeds under salinity stress to improve the germination, photosynthesis, and seedling growth. The 60 Hz nonuniform EMFs of 4mT for 9 min showed the best biological responses under salinity stress. Applied EMFs to tomato seeds protect tomato plants under salinity stress. Bioelectromagnetics. 00:00–00, 2024. © 2024 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Prognostic Factors for Survival in Adults With Burkitt Lymphoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: de Armas‐Castellano Aythami , Infante‐Ventura Diego , del Pino‐Sedeño Tasmania , Hernández Yadira González , Quiros Raul , León‐Salas Beatriz , Ribrag Vincent , Trujillo‐Martín María M. ,   ERN EuroBlood Working Group
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionBurkitt lymphoma (BL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Several studies have identified prognostic factors (PFs) for disease progression and mortality among adults with BL. However, there is no consensus on risk stratification based on PFs. This study aims to identify, critically assess, and synthesize the available evidence on PFs for survival in adults with BL.MethodsA systematic review was conducted. Medline, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched from inception to February 22, 2022. Randomized or non‐randomized clinical trials and longitudinal observational studies were eligible for inclusion. Reference screening, data extraction, and risk‐of‐bias assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate. Publication bias was examined by visual inspection of funnel plots. Meta‐analyses were conducted when appropriate using Review Manager 5. The certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE.ResultsThe search identified 1119 references. Of these, 76 papers were selected for full‐text assessment and 36 studies (N = 10,882) reported in 39 articles were eligible for inclusion. Older age, higher performance status, and central nervous system involvement were associated with poorer overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). Black patients exhibited significantly lower OS and relative survival. Bone marrow involvement and higher albumin levels were associated with poorer OS. Treatment with rituximab, and with methotrexate were associated with better OS and PFS.ConclusionThis study provides a comprehensive and methodologically rigorous evidence review on PFs in adults with BL. Several significant associations of PFs and survival estimates were observed, therefore, providing data to inform treatment decisions and to improve patient care.
Creating an Anthropomorphic Folktale Animal: A Pilot Study on Character Design Creativity Derived From Autonomous Behavior Generation Powered by Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Yang Hongju , Hong Seung Wan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPopular in fantasy films, games, and extended reality, anthropomorphic animals often rely on animator creativity and real animal observation for behavior visualization. This artistic approach captures emotional traits but lacks uncovering diverse, unanticipated behaviors beyond creators' concepts. To enrich character design, this study employs reinforcement learning (RL) agent simulation to explore the autonomous behavior and unexpected responses of the nine‐tailed Fox Sister from Korean folklore. As a method, the agent, with a physics‐based controller and skeletal joints, uses hybrid action control to transition between bipedal and quadrupedal actions based on the environment. In result, RL character frequently exhibits behavioral shifts, including unexpected actions in response to training steps and terrain complexities like slopes and hurdles, distinguishing them from animation‐based finite‐state machines. Additionally, this study validates impacts of RL character on character design creativity. To investigate such unknown impacts, this study conducts a comparative pilot study that recruits five character designers under use and nonuse scenario of RL character. Analysis indicates that RL character promotes creativity of character design, conceptualization, and development of scenario and character's attribute. This study highlights RL's potential for visualizing diverse inspirational behaviors of folkloric creatures by simulating interactions between body structure, motion, and environment.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Novel Pongamia pinnata Derived Herbal Mouth‐Dissolving Film for Treating Oral Disorders and Evaluating Its Anticancer Properties
Authors: Prajapati Devang , Hakim Masuma , Patel Margi , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Alfarraj Saleh , Chauhan Sanjay , Bhatt Vaibhav , Yadav Virendra Kumar , Sahoo Dipak Kumar , Thummar Kashyap , Patel Ashish 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to optimize a mouth‐dissolving film (MDF) made from Pongamia pinnata stem bark extract to increase patient compliance and accelerate oral disease therapy. Several stem bark extracts were prepared, and karanjin was used as an herbal marker for the extracts. The ethanolic extract showed the maximum yield (12.10% ± 0.09%) and cytotoxic activity against human oral cancer (KB 3‐1) and embryonic kidney cell lines. The MDF formulation was focused on incorporating a fixed amount of the extract and varying concentrations of HPMC E5 polymer, along with evaluating the performance of plasticizers like PEG 400 and propylene glycol (PG). An optimized formulation was determined based on disintegration time, wetting time, and folding endurance. The formulation consisted of HPMC E5 as a film‐forming polymer, PG as a superior plasticizer, ascorbic acid as an antioxidant, and other ingredients contributing to solubility, dispersion, sweetening, and appearance. High‐performance thin‐layer chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis confirmed higher levels of karanjin in the optimized formulation, ensuring its successful incorporation and stability. Taste masking evaluations indicate a favorable taste profile and a high potential for patient compliance. The stability study displayed no significant changes in the physical characteristics of the film, affirming its stability and quality. In conclusion, the developed herbal‐based optimized MDF presents a promising drug delivery system, offering enhanced patient compliance, taste masking, and stability. The MDF holds great potential for effective treatment and management of oral diseases, providing convenience and improved therapeutic outcomes.
The Impact of Permanent Pacemaker Implantation After TAVI on Mortality and Quality of Life: A POPular TAVI Substudy
Authors: van Nuland P. J. A. , Halim J. , van Ginkel D. J. , Overduin D. C. , Brouwer J. , Nijenhuis V. J. , van't Hof A. W. J. , Tonino P. A. L. , ten Berg J. M. , Vriesendorp P. A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundConduction disturbances are common after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and frequently require permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI). Data regarding its impact on mortality and morbidity are conflicting. This study aims to assess the impact of PPI before or within 30 days after TAVI on mortality and health‐related Quality of Life (QoL) during the first year after TAVI.MethodsIn this POPular TAVI substudy, 978 patients were included and categorized into three groups: Neither PPI before or within 30 days after TAVI (no PPI, n = 779), PPI before TAVI (PPI pre‐TAVI, n = 102), PPI within 30 days after TAVI (PPI post‐TAVI, n = 97). All‐cause death and cardiac death were evaluated at 1 year. QoL was assessed using the SF‐12 and EQ‐5D‐5L questionnaires at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months.ResultsAt 1‐year, all‐cause death was seen in 6.9% (PPI pre‐TAVI, p = 0.53) and 10.3% (PPI post‐TAVI, p = 0.66) of the patients compared to 8.7% of the patients (no PPI). Cardiac death was observed in 4.9% (PPI pre‐TAVI, p = 0.58) and 6.2% (PPI post‐TAVI, p = 0.94) of the patients compared to 6.2% of patients (no PPI). Regarding QoL, the PPI pre‐TAVI group showed lower PCS‐12 over time compared to the no PPI group (p = 0.04), while MCS‐12, EQ‐5D Index and EQ‐5D VAS scores were equal. No significant differences in QoL were seen between the PPI post‐TAVI group and the no PPI group.ConclusionPPI before or within 30 days after TAVI was not associated with increased mortality within 1 year. PPI pre‐TAVI was associated with lower physical QoL.
Cooperative Vinylogous Enamine and Metal Catalysis
Authors: Brenner‐Moyer Stacey E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSince the first report of a dienamine‐catalyzed transformation in 2006, vinylogous enamine catalysis has been employed in conjunction with select transition metal (Cu, Ru, Pd, Ir) and lanthanide (Dy, Yb) catalysts to harness new reactivity. Collectively, these transformations have enabled alkylation and allylation at the α, γ, and ε‐positions of unsaturated aldehydes and ketones, γ‐oxyamination of enals, as well as dimerization and the formation of cyclic products via cascade reactions. In addition to their synthetic utility, these functionalization's have demonstrated the broad compatibility of vinylogous enamine intermediates with metal‐catalyzed processes spanning single electron transfer (SET), photoredox catalysis, and alkene activation. Reviewed herein are examples that have emerged since that first report in 2006.
Mechanistic Insights into the Apoptosis of Cancer Cells Induced by a Kinase‐Responsive Peptide Amphiphile
Authors: Shimizu Natsumi , Kanemitsu Sayuki , Umemura Riku , Yashiro Tomoko , Kawabata Ryoko , Nishimura Kanon , Kawasaki Shinya , Morita Kenta , Aoi Takashi , Maruyama Tatsuo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOrganelle targeting is a useful approach in drug development for cancer therapy. Peptide amphiphiles are good candidates for targeting specific organelles because they can be engineered into a wide range of molecular structures, enabling customization for specific functional needs. We have developed a peptide amphiphile, C16‐(EY)3, that can respond to tyrosine kinase activity and undergo phosphorylation inside cancer cells. C16‐(EY)3 selectively induced apoptosis in cancer cells that overexpressed tyrosine kinase. The self‐assembly of peptide amphiphiles on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane reduced the ER membrane fluidity and triggered ER stress. The mechanism of the cancer cell death induced by C16‐(EY)3 was shown to involve phosphorylation by tyrosine kinase, ER stress induction, and the subsequent activation of caspase‐4, −12, and −9, which ultimately triggered apoptosis through the activation of caspase‐3 and −7. In vivo studies further validated the antitumor efficacy of C16‐(EY)3, as transcutaneous administration of the peptide amphiphile inhibited tumor growth in mice. This study elucidated the mechanism of apoptosis induced by the peptide amphiphile, indicating the potential of peptide amphiphiles as organelle‐targeting cancer therapeutics and providing a novel strategy for the development of selective and potent anticancer drugs.
Exploring Single Atom Substitution In Phenanthro[9,10‐d]Imidazole ‐Based D–π–A Architectures with Fluorene and its Heteroanalogs for Non‐Volatile Resistive WORM Memory Device Applications
Authors: Akshaya Madanan , Gayathri Ramesh , Mohamed Imran Predhanekar , Nagarajan Samuthira 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA series of D–π–A compounds, with fluorene and its heteroanalogs (carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene) as the donor units and phenanthroimidazole as the acceptor, were designed and synthesized for non‐volatile memory device applications. The effect of single‐atom substitution on memory behavior was examined through optical, electrochemical, and computational studies. The photophysical studies confirm a significant intramolecular charge transfer from the donor to the acceptor unit, and the electrochemical analysis shows an irreversible anodic peak (0.99–1.21 V) with an optimal band gap ranging from 2.80 to 2.88 eV. All the compounds exhibited non‐volatile binary WORM memory behaviour with an ON/OFF current ratio of 105 and 103. The devices also showed excellent stability over 100 cycles and maintained a retention time of 4000 s. Notably, the compound with carbazole substitution displayed a lower threshold voltage and a higher ON/OFF current ratio of 105. Density functional theory calculations confirmed that the combined effects of charge transfer and charge trapping mechanisms are crucial to the resistive switching mechanisms observed. This work highlights the potential of single atom substitution in D–π–A systems, providing valuable insights for designing high‐performance data storage devices.