bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BSE Surveillance in Italy: Neuropathological Findings in Cattle in the Frame of the Passive Surveillance Programme
Authors: Bozzetta E. , Caramelli M. , Casalone C. , Acutis P. L. , Ru G. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe aim of the study was to review the neuropathological diagnoses obtained during 1999 in cattle meeting the criteria set by the 272/98/EC Decision, in the frame of the Italian Encefalopatia Spongiforme Bovina/Bovine Spongiform Encefalopathy (BSE) surveillance programme. Fifty‐two animals displaying clinical signs compatible with BSE were recruited: the Central nervous system (CNS) of each animal was examined by means of histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) or Western blot (WB) for PrPsc.None of the specimen was positive for BSE. Neuropathological findings were observed in 18 of the animals and the most frequent lesions were consistent with listeriosis, non‐suppurative encephalitis, toxic encephalopathy.Our results regarding the most important differential TSE diagnosis are close to the ones obtained in previous neuropathological surveys. Moreover, diagnosis of BSE in Italy in regularly slaughtered animals, achieved by means of active surveillance starting on 1 January 2001, shows that improvement in passive surveillance is needed.
Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against Bovine Leukaemia Virus using Various Crude Antigen Preparations: a Comparative Study
Authors: Llames L. , Gomez‐Lucia E. , Domenech A. , De Avila A. , Suarez G. , Goyache J. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA total of 59 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific against the bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) using different antigen preparations was produced. The five antigen preparations for immunizing BALB/c mice were: live cells (CEL), sonicated and ultracentrifuged cells (SOC), cell lysates (LYS), semi‐purified BLV (PV), and formalin‐treated cells (FOR) from two cell lines permanently infected with BLV (FLK‐BLV and BLV‐bat2). These viral component presentations were selected to obtain mAbs against specific BLV proteins: located on the cell surface (FOR and CEL), in free virus particles (PV) and intracellular viral proteins (SOC and LYS). Two antigen preparations (SOC and LYS) were lethal to the mice following the intravenous and intrasplenic routes. Six fusions were performed in this study that rendered specific antibodies against BLV. The highest number of hybridomas was produced with SOC; however, the majority of the hybridomas produced (> 90 %) were against cellular proteins. Even though immunization with PV gave the lowest number of hybridomas, the majority of them were specific against BLV. Based on the reactivity of the mAbs in Western blot (WB), we classified the mAbs into five groups, namely anti‐gp51SU (39 mAbs), anti‐gp30TM (six mAbs), anti‐Pr72env (nine mAbs), anti‐Pr66gag‐pro (one mAb) and anti‐Prgag (four mAbs). A very high percentage of the mAbs produced (48 of 59) reacted with gp51SU, suggesting that this is the most immunogenic and accessible BLV protein presented in the different antigen preparations. The majority of our mAbs recognized more than one band in WB, suggesting that, aside from reacting with mature proteins, the mAbs also recognized viral precursors.
Isolation of Candida rugosa from Turkeys
Authors: Moretti A. , Piergili Fioretti D. , Boncio L. , Pasquali P. , Del Rossi E. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe present study describes the isolation of Candida rugosa from young turkeys that died 10 days after the end of a therapeutic treatment for a recent outbreak of coccidiosis. Candida rugosa was isolated from the digestive tract of all the birds examined. This isolation is the first in turkeys and corroborates the fact that C. rugosa is an opportunistic yeast which circumvents host defences when other predisposing factors are present.
Putative Peripheral Neuropathy in Suckling Piglets
Authors: Sályi G. , Glávits R. , Molnár T. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryOver a period of almost 2 years, a progressive motor disturbance was found to occur in 20–50 % of the litters of both primiparous and multiparous sows in a large pig herd of 1000 sows. The motor disturbance sometimes affected the entire litter; however, in most cases only a few piglets per litter were affected. The clinical signs appeared at 3–5 days of age and consisted of difficult movement followed by anteflexion or retroflexion of the tarsal joints or ‘rabbit‐like posture’. Subsequently, primarily after weaning, inflammatory and necrotic lesions developed on the paralysed limbs as a result of secondary infections of injuries. The tibial nerve and the common fibular nerve of recently affected (5‐ to 6‐day‐old) piglets showed degeneration, demyelination and necrosis of some of the nerve fibres, accompanied by restorative changes in more chronic cases. The central nervous system, bones, skeletal muscles, tendons and joints showed no lesions that could have accounted for the symptoms of motor disturbance. Aetiological investigations excluded the possibility of lead, copper and cadmium toxicity. Vitamin B2administered orally at 1 day old proved to be ineffective. The disease did not develop in piglets of sows kept at another farm under the same management and fed a diet prepared according to an identical formula from the same ingredients as those used on the affected farm, but with no milk whey added. This raised the suspicion of triaryl phosphate (TAP) poisoning, but this was found not to be the cause of the disease. New boars had not been brought to the farm in the year preceding the onset of disease, and the disease could not be linked to a specific boar or boar line. The aetiology of the disease has remained unclear.
Humoral Immune Response and Assessment of Vaccine Virus Shedding in Calves Receiving Modified Live Virus Vaccines Containing Bovine Herpesvirus‐1 and Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus 1a
Authors: Fulton R. W. , Saliki J. T. , Burge L. J. , Payton M. E. 
Published: March 2003

SummarySusceptible calves were administered modified live virus (MLV) vaccines containing bovine herpesvirus‐1 (BHV1) and bovine viral diarrhoea type 1 (BVDV1a) strains intramuscularly, with one vaccine containing both MLV and inactivated BHV‐1 and inactivated BVDV1a. There was no evidence of transmission of vaccine (BHV‐1 and BVDV1a) strains to susceptible non‐vaccinated controls commingled with vaccinates. No vaccinates had detectable BHV‐1 in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) after vaccination. Each of three vaccines containing an MLV BVDV1a strain caused a transient BVDV vaccine induced viremia in PBL after vaccination, which was cleared as the calves developed serum BVDV1 antibodies. The vaccine containing both MLV and inactivated BHV‐1 induced serum BHV‐1 antibodies more rapid than MLV BHV‐1 vaccine. Two doses of MLV BHV‐1 (days 0 and 28) in some cases induced serum BHV‐1 antibodies to higher levels and greater duration than one dose.
Indirect Effects of Epibiosis on Host Mortality: Seastar Predation on Differently Fouled Mussels
Authors: Laudien Jürgen , Wahl Martin 
Published: March 2003

In situ experiments were run with the seastar Asterias rubens to investigate the influence of epibiosis on predation preferences. Mussels (Mytilus edulis) monospecifically fouled by different epibiont species (the barnacle Balanus improvisus, the red filamentous alga Ceramium strictum, the sponge Halichondria panicea and the hydrozoan Laomedea flexuosa) and macroscopically clean mussels were exposed and seastar predation was monitored by SCUBA. Asterias rubens preferred macroscopical unfouled mussels as prey. Fouling generally reduced predation pressure on the mussel hosts (associational resistance). Barnacles protected mussels less efficiently than hydrozoans or algae.We hypothesize that in top‐down controlled communities this influence of epibiosis on predation pressure should affect mussel community patterns. A survey of natural mussel‐epibiont distribution in the presence or absence of A. rubens showed that the prevalence of differently fouled mussels differed between predation‐exposed and predation‐protected habitats. Natural mussel‐epibiont associations reflected the preferential predation of the major local predators. Additionally, higher epibiotic diversity and evenness could be observed at locations accessible to benthic predators as compared with habitats protected from predation.As blue mussels and seastars are important structuring and controlling elements in the shallow water community of Kiel Fjord, major consequences of epibiosis on the entire system are discussed.
The Burrows of Callianassa tyrrhena (Petagna 1792) (Decapoda: Thalassinidea)
Authors: Dworschak Peter C. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. Burrows of the thalassinidean shrimp Callianassa tyrrhena were investigated by in situ resin casting on two tidal flats in the Adriatic Sea.The burrow openings are characterised on the surface by simple holes or funnels. The number of openings per burrow ranges from 2 to 4. Burrows consist of a single or multiple shallow U with thin shafts (2 – 11 mm diameter) leading to the surface and a main central spiral shaft consisting of a series of enlarged chambers (with an elliptical cross‐section of up to 10 × 20 mm) linked by other segments (with a circular cross‐section of 5 to 13 mm in diameter). Several chambers filled with seagrass debris branch off. Burrows reach a depth of down to 62 cm and have a volume of up to 300 cm3.Additional information is provided on the redox properties of the burrow wall, and on bacterial numbers and biomass along the burrow wall and in the debris chambers. The morphology of the burrows and the impact of the imported organic matter on the deeper sediment layers is discussed.
Oral yeasts and coliforms in HIV‐infected individuals in Hong Kong
Authors: Tsang C. S. P. , Samaranayake L. P. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe objective was to determine the oral carriage patterns of yeasts and coliforms and their relationships, if any, with age, risk group, CDC classification, CD4+ count and medications in a predominantly Chinese, HIV‐infected cohort in Hong Kong. A prospective longitudinal study was carried out over a 12‐month period, of 32 predominantly Chinese male HIV‐infected cohort in a hospital setting in Hong Kong. Oral carriage rates were determined by the concentrated rinse culture method and correlated with other clinical parameters using regression analysis. A total of 73 oral rinse samples were collected and the weighted mean carriage rates of oral yeasts and coliforms were 54.8% and 28.8%, respectively. The most common yeast and the Enterobacteriaceae isolated were Candida albicans and Enterobacter cloacae, respectively. An increased carriage rate of yeasts was associated with zidovudine usage and Centres for Disease Control (CDC) stage IV of the HIV infection whereas the opposite was associated with the usage of antiparasitics and multivitamins. Although the oral carriage rate of coliforms was significantly lower in individuals taking antibacterials and multivitamins, it was not significantly influenced by age, CD4+ lymphocyte count and the intake of antivirals, antifungals or folates. These data imply that oral yeast carriage in HIV infection is related to the severity of the disease as opposed to oral coliform carriage which appears to be unusually transient in the study cohort.
Total quality management in dermato‐mycology in Germany
Authors: Korting H. C. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryMycoses of the skin are extremely frequent. The clinical presentation often resembles the one of other frequent inflammatory skin diseases not caused by fungi. Adequate diagnostics are critical for the establishment of proper treatment. A total quality management system has been devised in Germany during the last 5 years. There are several guidelines addressing various aspects of the management of various types of disease as well as structure quality of laboratory diagnostics. Continuous medical education and so‐called ring trials are major aspects of implementation.
Variation in outcrossing rate and genetic structure on six cultivars of Vicia faba L. as affected by geographic location and year
Authors: Suso M. J. , Moreno M. T. , Melchinger A. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe present study was conducted to evaluate the importance of two environmental factors, year and geographic location, on the cultivar outcrossing rate and genetic structure of Vicia faba L. Under natural field conditions. Outcrossing rates were estimated for six cultivars using isozyme markers, the mixed mating model and the multilocus method. The genetic structure was described by Wright's fixation index and the inbreeding equilibrium coefficient. Faba bean outcrossing rate, as measured by multilocus estimates was relatively invariable among cultivars within locations. Our results suggest substantial variation in outcrossing rate associated with geographic location (Mediterranean subtropical and temperate climates enhancing the cross‐pollination). Year variation was far less important than geographic variation.
New sources for high resistance of tomato to the tomato spotted wilt virus from Lycopersicon peruvianum
Authors: Roselló S. , Soler S. , Díez M. J. , Rambla J. L. , Richarte C. , Nuez F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMechanical inoculation and transmission by thrips in a growth chamber were used in order to screen Lycopersicon peruvianumand Lycopersicon chilense germplasm for tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) resistance. Two highly aggressive Spanish TSWV isolates (HA‐931100 and T‐941117), having different restrictotypes were used. L. peruvianum accessions PI‐126935, PI‐126944, CIAPAN 16, PE‐18 and CIAPAN 17 showed high resistance to both isolates in mechanical and thrips transmission. Their resistance appears useful in breeding programmes.
Variation for aphid resistance and insecticidal acyl sugar expression among and within Lycopersicon pennellii‐derived inbred backcross lines of tomato and their F1 progeny
Authors: Hartman J. B. , St Clair D. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFive inbred backcross lines (IBL) were selected for higher relative expression of insecticidal acyl sugars (rank average) from an inbred backcross population derived from the cross Lycopersicon esculentum cultivar ‘Peto 84’×Lycopersicon pennellii accession LA716. These five BC2S5 IBLs were crossed in a partial diallel design (Method II), and their self and F1 progeny and three control cultivars were tested at two California field locations in 1996. Counts of potato aphids, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, on leaves, as a measure of plant infestation, revealed significant general combining ability (GCA) for lower aphid numbers with IBL44 and IBL59; the F1 hybrid IBL44 × IBL59 had significantly fewer aphids per leaflet than the susceptible cultivar ‘Alta’. GCA for acyl sugars was associated with IBL59 only. Of all the IBL and IBL × IBL F1 hybrids, only IBL59 produced significant levels of acyl sugars. Significant within IBL59 variation for acyl sugars was observed, but not for aphid resistance. Our results suggest that factors other than acyl sugars contributed to L. pennellii‐derived aphid resistance in IBL × IBL F1 hybrids and IBL that do not produce significant amounts of acyl sugars. IBL59 and IBL44 may be useful for breeding for aphid resistance in cultivated tomato.
Combining ability for beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, resistance and horticultural traits of selected Lycopersicon pennellii‐derived inbred backcross lines of tomato
Authors: Hartman J. B. , Clair D. A. St 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTen selected inbred backcross lines (IBL), from a Lycopersicon esculentum cv.‘Peto 84’×Lycopersicon pennellii IBL population, with resistance to beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua, higher fruit mass and fruit yield, were crossed with eight elite cultivated L. esculentum inbred lines in a Design II mating design. Three elite inbreds were also crossed to ‘Peto 84′, the IBL recurrent parent, as a control for combining ability. Field plots of all resulting F1 progenies and control cultivars were inoculated with BAW eggs and evaluated for resistance to BAW, fruit mass, fruit yield, vine size and maturity at three field locations. Reductions in fruit damage by BAW were found in four of the 10 IBL F1 progenies. Significant male and female general combining ability (GCA) estimates for BAW resistance were observed, but significant specific combining ability for BAW resistance was not detected. The fruit mass of F1 hybrids was significantly lower than large‐fruited controls, but was not significantly different from elite inbred by ‘Peto 95’F1 hybrids. Selection based on inbred performance identified IBL with positive GCA for BAW resistance and yields in Design II hybrids. BAW resistance in the 09 selected IBL and IBL‐ derived F1 progeny was associated with two undesirable traits, later maturity and larger vine size. Index selection of IBL was more effective at identifying IBL with positive GCA for fruit mass and fruit yield than GCA for BAW resistance.
Inheritance of morphological traits of periwinkle mutants with modified contents and yields of leaf and root alkaloids
Authors: Kulkarni R. N. , Baskaran K. , Chandrashekara R. S. , Kumar S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPeriwinkle Catharanthus roseus is a medicinally important plant producing anticancer and antihypertension alkaloids. Two mutants, one dwarf and one semidwarf and both, with a high alkaloid content in the roots and one mutant with a wavy leaf margin and a high alkaloid content in its leaves were obtained after induced chemical mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulphonate and N‐nitroso‐N‐ethylurea in the variety ‘Nirmal’, which is resistant to dieback disease. These mutants were evaluated in the M3 and M4 generations. The dwarf and semidwarf mutants differed from the parental variety for many morphological characters, while the mutant with the wavy leaf margin differed mainly in leaf size and leaf thickness. Although both dwarf and semidwarf mutants showed a significantly higher alkaloid content in their roots in both generations, only the semidwarf mutant gave a significantly higher (23%) root alkaloid yield than the parental variety. The mutant with the wavy leaf margin showed a significantly higher alkaloid content in the leaves in both the M3 and M4 generations and also had a significantly higher (21%) leaf alkaloid yield than the parental variety. All three mutants were found to be controlled by monogenic recessive genes; the genes for ‘dwarfness’ and ‘semidwarfness’ were allelic to each other, with the allele for semidwarfness being dominant over the allele for dwarfness. The gene for the wavy leaf margin was inherited independently of the genes for dwarfness and semidwarfness.
Anther and isolated microspore culture response of wheat lines from northwestern and eastern Europe
Authors: Holme I. B. , Olesen A. , Hansen N. J. P. , Andersen S. B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHexaploid wheat genotypes from north‐western Europe show low responses to current anther culture techniques. This phenomenon was investigated on 145 north‐western European wheat lines. Twenty‐seven lines from eastern Europe were included to observe the response pattern of wheat from an area, where the technique has been used successfully. On average, eastern European wheat lines produced 3.6 green plants per 111 anthers, while only 1.4 green plants per 111 anthers were obtained in north‐western European lines. This difference was due to the high capacity for embryo formation among the eastern European lines, while the ability to regenerate green plants was widespread in both germplasm groups. Isolated wheat microspore culture performed on 85 of these wheat lines gave an average 3.7‐fold increase in green plants per anther compared with the anther culture response. The increased recovery of green plants was due to improved plant regeneration and increased green plant percentage from embryos derived from isolated microspore culture.
Male sterility in populations of Daucus and the development of alloplasmic male‐sterile lines of carrot
Authors: Nothnagell T. , Straka P. , Linke B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA collection of Daucus species and subspecies, as well as alloplasmic carrot lines were evaluated for expression of male sterility. More than 100 male‐sterile plants were identified and their phenotypes and partial genetic background were characterized. Three potentially new cytoplasmic male‐sterile systems based on the cytoplasm of Daucus carota (D. c.) gummifer, D. c. maritimus and D. c. gadecaei were selected. Genetic analyses suggested that a nuclear‐cytoplasmic interaction determined the male sterility of the three sources. A clear differentiation between the new sources and carrot cultivars was possible based on the phenotypic and molecular genetic relationships.
Evaluation of amplified fragment length polymorphism markers in tef, Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter, and related species
Authors: Ayele M. , Nguyen H. T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTef is an important cereal crop in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to investigate (1) genetic diversity within and among three Eragrostis species (E. tef, E. pilosa and E. curvula), and (2) the relationship between E. tef, E. pilosa and E. curvula. A total of 529 AFLP markers were obtained, out of which 58% (368) were polymorphic, using 10 primer, combinations. The three species were separated distinctly using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), However, diversity revealed at the morphological trait level was not commensurate with that observed for AFLP. This was due to the small number of morphological traits available and their interaction with the environment. Within tef, ‘Rubicunda’ and DZ‐01‐1093 were found to be distantly related to the rest of the tef accessions. The diversity within species was such that E. pilosa was the most diverse followed by E. curvula and E. tef. Moreover, E. pilosa was more closely related to E. tef than E. curvula. Therefore, further study is needed of E. pilosa accessions and of ‘Rubicunda’ and DZ‐01‐1093 in a crossing programme to generate a population for selection and/or genetic mapping. A total of 19 cultivars or accessions had one or more unique fragments using one or more AFLP primers, indicating the potential of the technology in fingerprinting tef in a breeding or seed multiplication programme.
Genetic analysis of resistance in barley to barley yellow dwarf virus
Authors: Ovesná J. , Vacke J. , Kucera L. , Chrpová J. , Nováková I. , Jahoor A. , Š Ip V. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe inheritance of resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) was studied in the selected 24 spring and winter barley cultivars that showed a high or intermediate resistance level in 1994‐97 field infection tests. The polymerase chain reaction diagnostic markers YLM and Ylp were used to identify the resistance gene Yd2. The presence of the Yd2 gene was detected with both markers in all the resistant spring barley cultivars and lines from the CIMMYT/ICARDA BYDV nurseries. The results of field tests and genetic analyses in winter barley corresponded with marker analyses only when the Ylp marker was used. Genes non‐allelic with Yd2 were detected by genetic analyses and the Ylp marker in moderately resistant spring barley cultivars ‘Malvaz’, ‘Atribut’ and ‘Madras’, and in the winter barley cultivars ‘Perry’ and ‘Sigra’. Significant levels of resistance to BYDV were obtained by combining the resistance gene Yd2 with genes detected in moderately resistant cultivars. The utilization of analysed resistance sources in barley breeding is discussed.