bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitivism and the argument from evidence non-responsiveness*
Authors: Eriksson John , Tiozzo Marco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSeveral philosophers have recently challenged cognitivism, i.e., the view that moral judgments are beliefs, by arguing that moral judgments are evidence non-responsive in a way that beliefs are not. If you believe that P, but acquire (sufficiently strong) evidence against P, you will give up your belief that P. This does not seem true for moral judgments. Some subjects maintain their moral judgments despite believing that there is (sufficiently strong) evidence against the moral judgments. This suggests that there is a mismatch between moral judgments and beliefs. This is an interesting argument. In particular, it forces the cognitivist to be more explicit about the nature of belief and the sense in which moral judgments are responsive to evidence. This paper has two aims. First, it aims to systematically examine different versions of the argument from evidence non-responsiveness. Second, it aims to outline a more nuanced understanding of the sense in which beliefs are evidence responsive that explains why the extant versions of the argument do not constitute a challenge to cognitivism.
Contracting under asymmetric information and externalities: an experimental study
Authors: Nieken Petra , Schmitz Patrick W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe investigate contract negotiations in the presence of externalities and asymmetric information in a controlled laboratory experiment. In our setup, it is commonly known that it is always ex post efficient for player A to implement a project that has a positive external effect on player B. However, player A has private information about whether or not it is in player A’s self-interest to implement the project even when no agreement with player B is reached. Theoretically, an ex post efficient agreement can always be reached if the externality is large, whereas this is not the case if the externality is small. We vary the size of the externality and the bargaining process. The experimental results are broadly in line with the theoretical predictions. However, even when the externality is large, the players fail to achieve ex post efficiency in a substantial fraction of the observations. This finding holds in ultimatum-game bargaining as well as in unstructured bargaining with free-form communication.
Properties of the Gradient Squared of the Discrete Gaussian Free Field
Authors: Cipriani Alessandra , Hazra Rajat S. , Rapoport Alan , Ruszel Wioletta M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper we study the properties of the centered (norm of the) gradient squared of the discrete Gaussian free field in $$U_{\varepsilon }=U/\varepsilon \cap \mathbb {Z}^d$$

U
ε

=
U
/
ε
∩

Z

d

, $$U\subset \mathbb {R}^d$$

U
⊂

R

d

and $$d\ge 2$$

d
≥
2

. The covariance structure of the field is a function of the transfer current matrix and this relates the model to a class of systems (e.g. height-one field of the Abelian sandpile model or pattern fields in dimer models) that have a Gaussian limit due to the rapid decay of the transfer current. Indeed, we prove that the properly rescaled field converges to white noise in an appropriate local Besov-Hölder space. Moreover, under a different rescaling, we determine the k-point correlation function and joint cumulants on $$U_{\varepsilon }$$

U
ε

and in the continuum limit as $$\varepsilon \rightarrow 0$$

ε
→
0

. This result is related to the analogue limit for the height-one field of the Abelian sandpile (Dürre in Stoch Process Appl 119(9):2725–2743, 2009), with the same conformally covariant property in $$d=2$$

d
=
2

.
What do dividend changes reveal? Theory and evidence from a unique environment
Authors: AlGhazali Abdullah , Al-Yahyaee Khamis Hamed , Fairchild Richard , Guney Yilmaz 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe explore the reasons behind corporate dividend changes and factors driving those changes during 2001–2021 in Oman, as a unique environment. The implications of our paper contrast with the relevant existing literature which demonstrates a positive correlation between dividends and stock prices in Oman, in support of the signaling theory. Employing multiple methods and after controlling for the nonlinearity in the profitability process, we find virtually no evidence for the signaling theory of dividends for dividend reductions, in terms of future earnings. Furthermore, our analysis affirms the importance of current profitability in influencing the magnitude of and the propensity to change (increase or decrease) dividends in listed Omani firms. We also find that the catering theory of dividends does not have any explanatory power on dividend changes. Further, firms’ life-cycle status and real investments have been found to significantly affect the decision to change dividends. Our results, which depart from the findings in the conventional literature, can be attributed to the distinct institutional features in Oman. Our game-theoretic model of dividend signaling/dividend catering provides some explanations.
Scientific eminence and scientific hierarchy: bibliometric prediction of fellowship in the Australian Academy of Science
Authors: Haslam Nick , Baes Naomi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResearch metrics are known to predict many markers of scientific eminence, but fellowship in learned academies has not been examined in this context. The present research used Scopus-based citation indices, including a composite index developed by Ioannidis et al., (PLoS Biol 14:e1002501, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002501) that improves cross-field comparison, to predict fellowship in the Australian Academy of Sciences (AAS). Based on ideas of a hierarchy of the sciences, the study also examined whether researchers from natural science fields were advantaged in achieving AAS fellowship relative to researchers from fields toward the social science end of the hierarchy. In a comprehensive sample of top global researchers, the composite index and its components all strongly differentiated Australian researchers who were elected as AAS fellows from those who were not. As predicted, when composite index scores were statistically controlled, researchers in physical and mathematical sciences were more likely to achieve fellow status than biological scientists, who were much more likely to achieve it than psychological, cognitive, and social scientists. Researchers in basic science fields also had an election advantage over those in more applied and technological fields. These findings suggest that recognition by learned academies may be predicted by citation indices, but may also be influenced by the perceived hardness, prestige, and purity of research fields.
Ingestion of microplastics and microfibers by the invasive blue crab Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun 1896) in the Balearic Islands, Spain
Authors: Compa Montserrat , Perelló Esperança , Box Antoni , Colomar Victor , Pinya Samuel , Sureda Antoni 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 is native to the western coasts of the Atlantic Ocean and is currently considered an invasive species in the Mediterranean Sea. In this study, we examined the stomach contents of C. sapidus to determine the frequency of occurrence of microplastics (MPs) and microfibers (MFs) in the Balearic Islands archipelago in the western Mediterranean Sea. A total of 120 individuals were collected from six locations between 2017 and 2020. Overall, 65.8% of the individuals had MPs and/or MFs particles with an average of 1.4 ± 1.6 particles ind.−1 of which an average of 1.0 ± 1.3 items ind.−1 were MFs and an average of 0.4 ± 0.8 items ind.−1 were MPs. In terms of type, fragments were the dominant type of MPs and the most common size of items ranged from between 0.5 and 1 mm (40%) followed by 1–5 mm (31%). The most prevalent polymers were low-density polyethylene (39%) and high-density polyethylene (26%). In terms of links to human activities, MP ingestion was positively correlated with an increase in drain pipes, whereas MF ingestion was positively correlated with an increase in sewage pipelines, providing evidence of potential sources and the bioavailability of these particles in various environments. This study confirms the widespread presence of MP and MF particles, even in areas that are currently managed under different protection statuses, in the stomach contents of invasive blue crab species throughout coastal communities.
ATAC-clock: An aging clock based on chromatin accessibility
Authors: Morandini Francesco , Rechsteiner Cheyenne , Perez Kevin , Praz Viviane , Lopez Garcia Guillermo , Hinte Laura C. , von Meyenn Ferdinand , Ocampo Alejandro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe establishment of aging clocks highlighted the strong link between changes in DNA methylation and aging. Yet, it is not known if other epigenetic features could be used to predict age accurately. Furthermore, previous studies have observed a lack of effect of age-related changes in DNA methylation on gene expression, putting the interpretability of DNA methylation-based aging clocks into question. In this study, we explore the use of chromatin accessibility to construct aging clocks. We collected blood from 159 human donors and generated chromatin accessibility, transcriptomic, and cell composition data. We investigated how chromatin accessibility changes during aging and constructed a novel aging clock with a median absolute error of 5.27 years. The changes in chromatin accessibility used by the clock were strongly related to transcriptomic alterations, aiding clock interpretation. We additionally show that our chromatin accessibility clock performs significantly better than a transcriptomic clock trained on matched samples. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the clock relies on cell-intrinsic chromatin accessibility alterations rather than changes in cell composition. Further, we present a new approach to construct epigenetic aging clocks based on chromatin accessibility, which bear a direct link to age-related transcriptional alterations, but which allow for more accurate age predictions than transcriptomic clocks.
Field and Management Factors Can Reduce Potato Early Blight Severity: an Observational Study on Farms Combined with Field Trials in Southern Sweden
Authors: Stridh Linnea J. , Malm Gabriella , Lankinen Åsa , Liljeroth Erland 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlternaria solani is causing early blight and thereby yield reduction in the potato production. The pathogen is today mainly controlled by fungicide applications. The severity of early blight can vary largely among fields. The aim of this study was to gain understanding of what field and management parameters are the most important for early blight severity to create more farm-specific fungicide treatment recommendations. Over three seasons, 2019–2021, 52 field plots were observed at farms in southern Sweden. In each field a 24 m × 24 m plot was left untreated against early blight. However, late blight fungicides were applied. The disease severity was scored twice in the untreated plot and information about various soil/plant parameters and farmer’s management was collected from each field. In addition to the observational study, field trials were performed in 2021 and 2022, evaluating the effect of potassium fertiliser levels on severeness of infection. We found that the soil composition was of significant importance for the severity of infection, in particular the sand, clay, and potassium content. The early blight severity was directly positively correlating with a high sand content. Low levels of leaf potassium increased the severity of early blight infection, and this observation was confirmed in field trials where different levels of potassium fertiliser were applied. Further no reduction in disease severity was observed with a four-year crop rotation. With knowledge about field and management factors that influence disease, field-specific recommendations can be developed supporting an integrated pest management strategy for early blight to reduce and optimise the fungicide usage.
On the dynamics of a Leslie–Gower predator–prey ternary model with intraguild
Authors: Accarino C. , Capone F. , De Luca R. , Massa G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a predator–prey model with intraguild predation describing the evolution between three interacting species—namely prey, mesopredator and top predator—is investigated, with the aim to model a complete food web. In particular, the longtime behaviour of the solutions is analysed, proving the existence of an absorbing set, and the linear and nonlinear stability analyses of the coexistence equilibrium are performed.
Did Liberal Lockdown Policies Change Spatial Behaviour in Sweden? Mapping Daily Mobilities in Stockholm Using Mobile Phone Data During COVID-19
Authors: Shuttleworth Ian , Toger Marina , Türk Umut , Östh John 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSweden had the most liberal lockdown policies in Europe during the Covid-19 pandemic. Relying on individual responsibility and behavioural nudges, their effectiveness was questioned from the perspective of others who responded with legal restrictions on behaviour. In this study, using mobile phone data, we therefore examine daily spatial mobilities in Stockholm to understand how they changed during the pandemic from their pre-pandemic baseline given this background. The analysis demonstrates: that mobilities did indeed change but with some variations according to (a) the residential social composition of places and (b) their locations within the city; that the changes were long lasting; and that the average fall in spatial mobility across the whole was not caused by everybody moving less but instead by more people joining the group of those who stayed close to home. It showed, furthermore, that there were seasonal differences in spatial behaviour as well as those associated with major religious or national festivals. The analysis indicates the value of mobile phone data for spatially fine-grained mobility research but also shows its weaknesses, namely the lack of personal information on important covariates such as age, gender, and education.
Solidarity with Displaced People from Ukraine in Hungary: Attitudes and Practices
Authors: Zakariás Ildikó , Feischmidt Margit , Gerő Márton , Morauszki András , Zentai Violetta , Zsigmond Csilla 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe paper explores the attitudes of Hungarian civil society in the context of the war against Ukraine, the active agents of solidarity, and the general social atmosphere associated with welcoming displaced people. Based on a population survey from the summer of 2022, the paper draws an ambivalent picture. First, it highlights the exceptional momentum and mobilising power of civil solidarity both in terms of practical involvement and expressed attitudes. At the same time, the results also reveal the limits and vulnerabilities of civil solidarity—namely, its exposure to populist political discourses which cherish or condemn moral economies of assistance according to vested interests, as well as its embeddedness in a neoliberal reliance on citizens’ individual resources (disposable time and material means), and the salient inequalities in sharing the burdens of humanitarian support. All this reflects that the consensus and relative evenness of solidarity attitudes at the time of our survey were unevenly translated into practical help, burdening those already heavily charged with care responsibilities. With this finding, we underline the importance of exploring solidarity as a complex relationship of attitudes and practices; also, we highlight the need to include the perspectives of care in inquiries of the population’s attitude towards immigrant groups and categories. Our results are drawn from the application of multi-dimensional logistic regression models based on data from a statistical survey involving 1000 respondents representative of Hungary’s adult population.
Cultural integration, subjective identity, and well-being: global migrants in the UK
Authors: Wang Zhi , Giovanis Eleftherios 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent waves of immigration in Western societies have drawn attention to social transformational challenges and their repercussions for migrant physical and mental wellbeing. Research into migration has tended to focus on Cultural Integration (CI) with Western country cultures and social norm. We fill a research gap in which the social transformation repercussions and the evolutionary function of human psychology remain underexplored. We theorize how the Evolutionary Fitness and Subjective Significance of Identity can emerge from CI, thus, positively impacting Subjective Well-Being (SWB) of migrants. To legitimize the model we propose, sets of rigorous empirical analyses were developed, drawing on panel data of 5,558 respondents from 7 waves of global migrant surveys within the UK during 2009–2018. Our results supported our hypotheses by suggesting that a tightly defined CI was negatively related to SWB, but a relatively fluid orientation towards CI was positively related to SWB, and the positive relationship became more compelling when the Subjective Significance of Identity (SSI) emerged from the integration process, such that the indirect effect of CI through SSI on SWB was strongest when the degree of SSI was high. Our study offers implications for how policymaking and management strategies can integrate cultural characteristics, increasing migrants’ cultural confidence, self-esteem, and economic creativity in the country of residence.
Utilization of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) sawdust as an alternative pelletization raw material
Authors: Paczkowski Sebastian , Sauer Christian , Anetzberger Anja , Jaeger Dirk , Pelz Stefan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEuropean pellet production will be a future challenge due to two effects: (1) the share of hardwood species in Europe will increase and (2) the pellet market will face raw material shortages. Therefore, we investigated the blending of conifer sawdust with black locust sawdust. Twenty-one physical and chemical pellet quality parameters were recorded, including combustion emissions. Our statistical evaluation showed a strong linear correlation (p>0.8 or p<−0.8) of the share of black locust with nine quality parameters. Fifty-three percent of the overall variation in the data was explained by the major principal component, which included the share of black locust. The cause of the decreasing pellet quality with increasing share of black locust sawdust was attributed to the heat conductance in the dye, which was affected by the hydrophobicity and rigidity of the black locust saw dust. A share of 25% black locust in blends with conifer sawdust is proposed as the limit to meet the A2 standard criteria in the European DIN EN ISO 17255-2. This would allow a black locust sawdust consumption of app. 6 mio t per year in Europe, which is far above the estimated abundance and indicates a high potential for hardwood sawdust as an alternative feedstock for pellet production in general.
Blood T cell phenotypes correlate with fatigue severity in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19
Authors: Pink Isabell , Hennigs Jan K. , Ruhl Louisa , Sauer Andrea , Boblitz Lennart , Huwe Marie , Fuge Jan , Falk Christine S. , Pietschmann Thomas , de Zwaan Martina , Prasse Antje , Kluge Stefan , Klose Hans , Hoeper Marius M. , Welte Tobias 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) affect approximately 10% of convalescent patients. The spectrum of symptoms is broad and heterogeneous with fatigue being the most often reported sequela. Easily accessible blood biomarkers to determine PASC severity are lacking. Thus, our study aimed to correlate immune phenotypes with PASC across the severity spectrum of COVID-19.

Methods
A total of 176 originally immunonaïve, convalescent COVID-19 patients from a prospective cohort during the first pandemic phase were stratified by initial disease severity and underwent clinical, psychosocial, and immune phenotyping around 10 weeks after first COVID-19 symptoms. COVID-19-associated fatigue dynamics were assessed and related to clinical and immune phenotypes.

Results
Fatigue and severe fatigue were commonly reported irrespective of initial COVID-19 severity or organ-specific PASC. A clinically relevant increase in fatigue severity after COVID-19 was detected in all groups. Neutralizing antibody titers were higher in patients with severe acute disease, but no association was found between antibody titers and PASC. While absolute peripheral blood immune cell counts in originally immunonaïve PASC patients did not differ from unexposed controls, peripheral CD3+CD4+ T cell counts were independently correlated with fatigue severity across all strata in multivariable analysis.

Conclusions
Patients were at similar risk of self-reported PASC irrespective of initial disease severity. The independent correlation between fatigue severity and blood T cell phenotypes indicates a possible role of CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of post-COVID-19 fatigue, which might serve as a blood biomarker.
Psychosocial Well-being, Problematic Social Media Use, and Cyberbullying Involvement Among Mongolian Adolescents
Authors: Badrakh Altantsetseg , Larkin Rebecca F. , Betts Lucy R. , Buglass Sarah L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCyberbullying among adolescents has been increasingly studied throughout the world as it has become a significant public health concern. However, there is a dearth of research on cyberbullying in Mongolia. This study investigated cyber-perpetration and cyber-victimization experiences among Mongolian adolescents aged 14 to 18 (n = 676) and the relationship between psychosocial well-being, social media use, and cyber-perpetration and victimization. The data were analyzed with SPSS 25 (IBM Corp, 2017; Hayes, 2013). Results showed that 30.2% of participants experienced pure cyber-victimization, 19.0% experienced both perpetration and victimization, and 6.7% experienced pure cyber-perpetration often or occasionally in the past 12 months. Being male significantly predicted cyber-perpetration, and no such gender difference was observed for victimization. Age was not related to either cyber-perpetration or victimization. As hypothesized, the results showed that psychosocial well-being directly predicted cyber-perpetration and victimization and indirectly predicted them through problematic social media use (PSMU). The recommendations, implications, and limitations are discussed regarding these findings.
Tree Blow‐Down by Snow Avalanche Air‐Blasts: Dynamic Magnification Effects and Turbulence
Authors: Zhuang Yu , Piazza Natalie , Xing Aiguo , Christen Marc , Bebi Peter , Bottero Alessandra , Stoffel Lukas , Glaus Julia , Bartelt Perry 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSnow avalanche‐induced air‐blasts are capable of breaking trees, damaging buildings and causing fatalities. Predicting their destructive properties is an essential part of snow avalanche hazard mitigation. Here, we propose a depth‐averaged model that involves turbulent fluctuations to simulate the air‐blast dynamics. The turbulent energy of the air‐blast arises from that of dust‐mixed air transferred from the avalanche core, shearing work in the cloud and entrained air, and is exploited to improve the air entrainment and drag relationships. We further present a unique data set of air blast‐induced tree breakage, providing type, status, diameter and falling direction of the measured trees. Through case studies of two artificially released avalanches with measured powder heights and three natural avalanches with tree‐breakage information, we test the model and investigate the turbulence effect on air‐blast dynamics. The proposed model and tree‐breakage data set quantify the air‐blast destructiveness and can be applied for avalanche hazard assessment.