bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping, quality of life, and hope in adults with primary antibody deficiencies
Authors: Sigstad Hanne Marie Høybråten , Stray-Pedersen Asbjørg , Frøland Stig S 
Published: May 2005

Abstract

Background
Living with a chronic disease, such as primary antibody deficiency, will often have consequences for quality of life. Previous quality-of-life studies in primary antibody deficiency patients have been limited to different treatment methods. We wanted to study how adults with primary antibody deficiencies manage their conditions and to identify factors that are conducive to coping, good quality of life and hope.

Methods
Questionnaires were sent to all patients ≥20 years of age with primary antibody deficiencies who were served by Rikshospitalet University Hospital. The questionnaires consisted of several standardized scales: Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index (QLI), Short Form-36 (SF-36), Jalowiec Coping Scale (JCS), Nowotny Hope Scale (NHS), and one scale we devised with questions about resources and pressures in the past. Of a total of 91, 55 patients (aged 23–76 years) answered the questionnaires. The questionnaire study were supplemented with selected interviews of ten extreme cases, five with low and five with high quality of life scores.

Results
Among the 55 patients, low quality of life scores were related to unemployment, infections in more than four organs, more than two additional diseases, or more than two specific occurrences of stress in the last 2–3 months. Persons with selective IgA deficiency had significantly higher QLI scores than those with other antibody deficiencies. An optimistic coping style was most frequent used, and hope values were moderately high. Based on the interviews, the patients could be divided into three groups: 1) low QLI scores, low hope values, and reduced coping, 2) low QLI scores, moderate hope values, and good coping, and 3) high QLI scores, moderate to strong hope values, and good coping. Coping was related to the patients' sense of closeness and competence.

Conclusion
Low quality of life scores in adults with primary antibody deficiencies were linked to unemployment and disease-related strains. Closeness and competence were preconditions for coping, quality of life and hope. The results are valuable in planning care for this patient group.
Pediatric appendicitis rupture rate: a national indicator of disparities in healthcare access
Authors: Jablonski Kathleen A , Guagliardo Mark F 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe U.S. National Healthcare Disparities Report is a recent effort to measure and monitor racial and ethnic disparities in health and healthcare. The Report is a work in progress and includes few indicators specific to children. An indicator worthy of consideration is racial/ethnic differences in the rate of bad outcomes for pediatric acute appendicitis. Bad outcomes for this condition are indicative of poor access to healthcare, which is amenable to social and healthcare policy changes.MethodsWe analyzed the KID Inpatient Database, a nationally representative sample of pediatric hospitalization, to compare rates of appendicitis rupture between white, African American, Hispanic and Asian children. We ran weighted logistic regression models to obtain national estimates of relative odds of rupture rate for the four groups, adjusted for developmental, biological, socioeconomic, health services and hospital factors that might influence disease outcome.ResultsRupture was a much more burdensome outcome than timely surgery and rupture avoidance. Rupture cases had 97% higher hospital charges and 175% longer hospital stays than non-rupture cases on average. These burdens disproportionately affected minority children, who had 24% – 38% higher odds of appendicitis rupture than white children, adjusting for age and gender. These differences were reduced, but remained significant after adjusting for other factors.ConclusionThe racial/ethnic disparities in pediatric appendicitis outcome are large and are preventable with timely diagnosis and surgery for all children. Furthermore, estimating this disparity using the KID survey is a relatively straightforward process. Therefore pediatric appendicitis rupture rate is a good candidate for inclusion in the National Healthcare Disparities Report. As with most other health and healthcare disparities, efforts to reduce disparities in income, wealth and access to care will most likely improve the odds of favorable outcome for this condition as well.
The Open Microscopy Environment (OME) Data Model and XML file: open tools for informatics and quantitative analysis in biological imaging
Authors: Goldberg Ilya G , Allan Chris , Burel Jean-Marie , Creager Doug , Falconi Andrea , Hochheiser Harry , Johnston Josiah , Mellen Jeff , Sorger Peter K , Swedlow Jason R 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe Open Microscopy Environment (OME) defines a data model and a software implementation to serve as an informatics framework for imaging in biological microscopy experiments, including representation of acquisition parameters, annotations and image analysis results. OME is designed to support high-content cell-based screening as well as traditional image analysis applications. The OME Data Model, expressed in Extensible Markup Language (XML) and realized in a traditional database, is both extensible and self-describing, allowing it to meet emerging imaging and analysis needs.
Tramadol Exposures Reported to Statewide Poison Control System
Authors: Marquardt Kathy A , Alsop Judith A , Albertson Timothy E 
Published: May 2005

BACKGROUND: Tramadol is a unique analgesic that has been associated with seizures on overdose. OBJECTIVE: To determine the toxic effects associated with tramadol exposure. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of tramadol exposures reported to a multisite, state-wide poison control system over a 2.5-year period was performed. RESULTS: A total of 602 cases were retrieved; 190 had sufficient data for study evaluation. Cases with coingestants or unknown outcomes were eliminated. Of the 190 remaining cases, 55% were females. Acute ingestions represented 90.0%, chronic ingestions 7.9%, and acute on chronic 2.1% of the overdoses. Ages of the patients ranged from 9 months to 80 years. Suicide attempts represented the largest group of exposures. Main symptoms included central nervous system (CNS) depression (27.4%), nausea and vomiting (21.1%), tachycardia (17.4%), and seizures (13.7%). Dosage ranged from a taste amount to 5000 mg. The smallest amount of tramadol associated with seizure was 200 mg, and 84.6% of seizures occurred within 6 hours of time of ingestion. Logistic regression analysis showed an association between seizures and tramadol use in males, chronic use, suicide attempts, intentional abuse or misuse, and tachycardia (HR >100 beats/min). No effect was seen in 36.3% of patients, minor effects in 43.7%, moderate effects in 19.5%, and major effects in 0.5%. Symptoms resolved within 24 hours in 96.7% of the 121 patients who had symptoms. Naloxone improved CNS depression in 7 of 8 patients in whom a response was documented. CONCLUSIONS: Tramadol overdoses frequently cause CNS depression, nausea/vomiting, tachycardia, and seizures. Symptoms generally resolve within 24 hours. Accidental ingestions in children were well tolerated, primarily causing sedation.
An Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Voluntary and Stimulus-Driven Orienting of Attention
Authors: Kincade J. Michelle , Abrams Richard A. , Astafiev Serguei V. , Shulman Gordon L. , Corbetta Maurizio 
Published: May 2005

Attention can be voluntarily directed to a location or automatically summoned to a location by a salient stimulus. We compared the effects of voluntary and stimulus-driven shifts of spatial attention on the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal in humans, using a method that separated preparatory activity related to the initial shift of attention from the subsequent activity caused by target presentation. Voluntary shifts produced greater preparatory activity than stimulus-driven shifts in the frontal eye field (FEF) and intraparietal sulcus, core regions of the dorsal frontoparietal attention network, demonstrating their special role in the voluntary control of attention. Stimulus-driven attentional shifts to salient color singletons recruited occipitotemporal regions, sensitive to color information and part of the dorsal network, including the FEF, suggesting a partly overlapping circuit for endogenous and exogenous orienting.The right temporoparietal junction (TPJ), a core region of the ventral frontoparietal attention network, was strongly modulated by stimulus-driven attentional shifts to behaviorally relevant stimuli, such as targets at unattended locations. However, the TPJ did not respond to salient, task-irrelevant color singletons, indicating that behavioral relevance is critical for TPJ modulation during stimulus-driven orienting. Finally, both ventral and dorsal regions were modulated during reorienting but significantly only by reorienting after voluntary shifts, suggesting the importance of a mismatch between expectation and sensory input.
Maternal Deprivation Increases Vulnerability to Morphine Dependence and Disturbs the Enkephalinergic System in Adulthood
Authors: Vazquez Vincent , Penit-Soria Jacqueline , Durand Claudette , Besson Marie Jo , Giros Bruno , Daugé Valérie 
Published: May 2005

Maternal deprivation can trigger long-lasting molecular and cellular modifications in brain functions and might facilitate the appearance of pathogenic behaviors. This study focuses on the vulnerability to develop morphine dependence in adult rats that were separated from their mother and littermates for 3 h per day for 14 d after birth and examines the adaptive changes in the enkephalinergic pathways. Place-preference conditioning was observed with 2 mg/kg morphine in deprived rats, whereas 5 mg/kg morphine was necessary to induce conditioning in nondeprived animals. A prolonged morphine conditioning was shown in deprived rats. A strong increase in oral morphine self-administration behavior and preference was observed in deprived rats. Only a very slight increase in preference for sucrose solution, a more ethological reinforcer known to interact with the opioid system, was shown in deprived rats. These results indicate that this postnatal environment change leads to a hypersensitivity to the reinforcing properties of morphine and to the development of morphine dependence. A significant decrease in preproenkephalin mRNA expression was observed in the nucleus accumbens and the caudate-putamen nucleus of deprived rats. The basal extracellular levels of the Met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens were significantly lower in deprived rats when compared with nondeprived animals, whereas no change in μ-opioid receptor binding occurred. These results strongly support that maternal deprivation leads to a basal hypoactivity of the enkephalinergic system and hypersensitivity to morphine effects.Together, our results suggest that maternal deprivation in pups likely represents a risk factor for morphine dependence in adult rats.
Postcardiotomy Delirium: An Overview
Authors: Vasquez Ernesto , Chitwood W. Randolph 
Published: May 2005

Any one of a number of psychologic patterns may appear after cardiotomy: (1) Some patients may be elated and confident after awakening from anesthesia and have no severe changes of affect or neurologic deficit. Denial seems to be for them an adequate defense against anxiety. (2) Others are disoriented and manifest neurologic disturbance immediately after awakening, without a lucid interval. The sensorium begins to clear five days after surgery. (3) Some patients go into delirium after being lucid for as long as a week and have hallucinations, illusions, and motor excitation for a few days—or over several weeks. Pathologic brain changes that are apparently anatomical correlates of neurologic deficits in delirium include anoxic lesions of the hippocampus, and infarcted foci. Physiologic factors that contribute to this reaction include: long periods of extracorporeal circulation, arterial hypotension during surgery, emboli, and low postoperative cardiac output. Age, and the type and severity of heart impairment are also factors. Psychologic factors to be taken into account include preexisting psychopathology and the failure of denial under the stress of physical symptoms or hospitalization. Delirium is fostered by sensory overload (or deprivation) in the recovery room and intensive care unit, and by staff tension. Modification of the intensive care unit environment, the administration of antipsychotic drugs, and metabolic correctives are recommended. Preoperative psychologic evaluation, with therapy as needed, preliminary familiarization with perioperative procedures, as well as collaboration between psychiatrist and surgeon, can do much to prevent postcardiotomy delirium.
Depressed Mood and Subjective Health Symptoms as Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure: A Two-Years Follow-up Study
Authors: Murberg Terje A. , Bru Edvin , Svebak Sven , Tveterås Ragnar , Aarsland Torbjørn 
Published: May 2005

Objective: The present study was undertaken in order to evaluate the relationship between depressed mood (depression, emotional distress) and disease-specific subjective health symptoms upon mortality risk among patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods and Results: Proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the effects of selected biomedical, subjective health and psychological variables on mortality among 119 clinically stable patients (71.4% men; mean age 65.7 years +/− 9.6) with symptomatic heart failure, recruited from an outpatient cardiology practice. Twenty deaths were registered during the twenty-four-month period of data collection, all from cardiac causes. Results indicated that depressed mood was a significant predictor of mortality with a hazard ratio of 1.9, p .002. In contrast, subjective health was not a significant predictor of mortality in a Cox regression model that included depressed mood. The hazard ratio for a 1-point increase in Zung Depression Scale score was equal to 1.08 based on the multivariate model. Conclusions: Results indicate that depressed mood is significantly related to increased mortality risk among heart failure patients. This finding is of concern to clinicians and should have implications for treatment of patients with congestive heart failure.
The Effects of Major Depression and Phobia on Stage at Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
Authors: Desai Mayur M. , Bruce Martha Livingston , Kasl Stanislav V. 
Published: May 2005

Objective: To examine the longitudinal effects of major depression and phobia on stage at diagnosis of subsequent breast cancer. Method: Data from the New Haven Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study were linked to the Connecticut Tumor Registry (CTR). The sample comprised of seventy-two women with a first primary breast cancer diagnosed sometime after their baseline ECA study interview. In the ECA study, lifetime psychiatric history was assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule based on DSM-III criteria. Stage at diagnosis of breast cancer was taken from CTR records and dichotomized into early stage (in situ and localized tumors) versus late stage (regional and distant tumors). Results: A positive history of major depression was associated with an increased likelihood of late-stage diagnosis of breast cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 9.81, p = 0.039), whereas a positive history of phobic disorders was associated with a decreased likelihood of late-stage diagnosis (OR = 0.01, p = 0.021), controlling for sociodemographic characteristics of the sample. Conclusions: These analyses revealed a longitudinal association between reported lifetime psychiatric history and stage at diagnosis of subsequent breast cancer. Phobia may motivate women to adhere to breast cancer screening recommendations and to report suspicious symptoms to a physician without delay. Major depression, on the other hand, was identified as an important predictor of late-stage diagnosis; proper recognition and management of depression in the primary care setting may have important implications for breast cancer detection and survival.
Life and Death Attitudes of Parents of Children with Problems: Interview Data
Authors: Leviton Dan 
Published: May 2005

The research problem was concerned with (1) describing differences regardling life and death meanings between parents of so-called “children with problems” (n = 11) and of parents of children without such problems (n = 6), and (2) gaining some understanding and indication of the effect of a remedial, therapeutic program on the meaning of life and death of parents of children enrolled in such a program, The Children's Health & Developmental Clinic (CHDC). By means of an interview schedule, qualitative differences and commonalities in the meanings given to life and death between the groups were reported. The CHDC was seen to affect the meaning given to life moreso than to death although the two concepts seem to interact with one another. The research suggested implications for parent education, the education of children, and the behaviors of child abuse, parricide and suicide, and murder of their children by parents.
Problem-Solving Treatment: Evidence for Effectiveness and Feasibility in Primary Care
Authors: Mynors-Wallis L. 
Published: May 2005

Objective: There is a need for psychological treatments for psychiatric disorders in primary care. The purpose of this article is to review studies of problem-solving treatment (PST). PST is a brief psychological treatment for emotional symptoms in primary care patients. Method: A series of different studies of primary care patients in Oxford are reviewed. Results: In primary care, PST is effective for patients with major depression and for patients with more broadly defined emotional disorders. PST can be effectively delivered in primary care settings by psychiatrists, general practitioners, or nurses. PST may be more expensive than primary care practitioners' usual treatment in terms of direct costs. However, PST might result in greater savings if indirect costs are also considered. Conclusions: PST is a feasible, brief, effective treatment for mental disorders of mild to moderate severity in primary care. Replication studies and further research on combination treatments, long-term outcomes, and indirect costs are indicated.
Religion and Mental Health among Women Veterans with Sexual Assault Experience
Authors: Chang Bei-Hung , Skinner Katherine M. , Boehmer Ulrike 
Published: May 2005

Objective: Religion has been shown to have a positive impact on well-being and to play an important role in coping with stressful life events. However, the buffering effect of religiosity on mental health, after a particularly stressful life event such as sexual assault, has not been studied. In this study we examined the buffering effect of religion on mental health and depression for women who report experiencing sexual assault while in the military. Method: The sample includes a nationally representative sample of 3,543 women veterans who use VA ambulatory care. Two dimensions of religiosity were used: organizational (frequency of religious service attendance) and subjective (the extent religious beliefs are a source of strength/comfort). Mental health was measured by the mental component summary (MCS) from the SF36 and depressive symptoms were measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Results: Women veterans who reported experiencing sexual assault while in the military had lower mental health scores and higher levels of depression. Linear regression analysis indicated that these negative impacts diminished with increased frequency of religious service attendance, supporting the buffering effect of organizational religiosity on mental health and depression. Although the buffering effect of subjective religiosity was not evident, subjective religiosity was shown to be positively associated with better mental health in both groups of women with and without sexual assault experience in the military. Conclusions: Frequent religious service attendance buffers the negative impacts of sexual assault on mental health and depression of women veterans. The potential of integrating religiosity in designing interventions is discussed.
Understanding the Biopsychosocial Model
Authors: Molina Julio A. 
Published: May 2005

The biopsychosocial model has emerged from the need of a better understanding of the human being as a unit, with his biological, psychological and sociological perspectives as well as from recent research findings suggesting the difficulties of working with one of these areas without dealing with the others. Even when the need of such a model has been extensively described, the model itself and its practical applications had been poorly defined, lacking specially theoretical explanations of the interaction of biological, psychological and social factors in producing medical and psychiatric illness. The author attempts in this paper to give a theoretical explanation of the interaction of these factors by applying the concept of multicausality of illness and the concept of vulnerability of systems. The practical application of this framework is also shown in a case example.
A Comparison of Self-Concept and Personality Disorders in Women with Pain Accounted for by Psychological Factors, Women with Major Depression, and Healthy Controls
Authors: Zlot Stefan I. , Herrmann Marianne , Hofer-Mayer Theres , Adler Michèle , Adler Rolf H. 
Published: May 2005

Objective: Do patients with pain accounted for by psychological factors (P) differ in their self-concept and personality disorders from patients with major depression (D) and healthy controls (C)? Method: Thirty hospitalized P-patients (DSM-IV, 307.80) and 30 hospitalized D-Patients (DSM-III-R) were given the Beck Depression Inventory on admission (BDI-1) and at discharge (BDI-2). Together with BDI-2, patients filled out the Personality Disorder Questionnaire for DSM-III-R (PDQR) and the Frankfurt Self-Concept Scales (FSKN). Thirty-two healthy comparisons (C) completed the same questionnaires. Results: BDI-2 showed no significant differences between groups P and D, a prerequisite for the comparison of psychological traits. PDQR differed in the three groups. D showed more dependent, obsessive-compulsive, and histrionic personality features than group P. The three groups differed in FSKN total score and all 10 subscales (C (healthiest self-concept) > P > D). Groups P and D were different (P > D) in total score and subscales: performance, problem coping, confidence in behavior and decision taking, and self-esteem. Ten P-patients with pathological BDI-2 (PD) had significantly more disturbed PDQR and FSKN scores than the non-depressed (PND), and closely resembled the D-patients. Conclusions: Personality disorders and self-concept are not homogenous in female patients with P. Subgroup PND differs from patients with depression (fewer personality disorders, better self-concept), whereas subgroup PD closely resembles them.
Socio-Educational Influences on Nepali Women and Their Association with Innovative Values and Behaviors
Authors: Law R. W. Car , Pande B. R. , Vaidya K. 
Published: May 2005

The introduction of health and family planning services in developing countries often requires extensive changes in the values and behaviors of the women of those countries. A better understanding of the factors influencing change in rural women would provide a stronger scientific base for the introduction of health services. The authors gathered data from 1,417 rural women in Nepal. Indicators of social change were contraceptive use, desired family size and scientific treatment of sick children. Major influences associated with change were regionality, having children in school, ownership of money and access to media. However, the strength of association with the indices of change varied, suggesting that change in values and behaviors is meaning specific and not a general phenomenon.