bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spatial organization of sphingofungin biosynthesis in
Aspergillus fumigatus
and its cross-interaction with sphingolipid metabolism
Authors: Jojić Katarina , Gherlone Fabio , Cseresnyés Zoltán , Bissell Alexander U. , Hoefgen Sandra , Hoffmann Stefan , Huang Ying , Janevska Slavica , Figge Marc Thilo , Valiante Vito 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Sphingofungins are sphinganine analog mycotoxins acting as inhibitors of serine palmitoyl transferases, enzymes responsible for the first step in the sphingolipid biosynthesis. Eukaryotic cells are highly organized with various structures and organelles to facilitate cellular processes and chemical reactions, including the ones occurring as part of the secondary metabolism. We studied how sphingofungin biosynthesis is compartmentalized in the human-pathogenic fungus
Aspergillus fumigatus
, and we observed that it takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ER-derived vesicles, and the cytosol. This implies that sphingofungin and sphingolipid biosynthesis colocalize to some extent. Automated analysis of confocal microscopy images confirmed the colocalization of the fluorescent proteins. Moreover, we demonstrated that the cluster-associated aminotransferase (SphA) and 3-ketoreductase (SphF) play a bifunctional role, supporting sphingolipid biosynthesis, and thereby antagonizing the toxic effects caused by sphingofungin production.

IMPORTANCE
A balanced sphingolipid homeostasis is critical for the proper functioning of eukaryotic cells. To this end, sphingolipid inhibitors have therapeutic potential against diseases related to the deregulation of sphingolipid balance. In addition, some of them have significant antifungal activity, suggesting that sphingolipid inhibitors-producing fungi have evolved mechanisms to escape self-poisoning. Here, we propose a novel self-defense mechanism, with cluster-associated genes coding for enzymes that play a dual role, being involved in both sphingofungin and sphingolipid production.
Massively parallel mutant selection identifies genetic determinants of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
colonization of
Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Miles Jessica , Lozano Gabriel L. , Rajendhran Jeyaprakash , Stabb Eric V. , Handelsman Jo , Broderick Nichole A. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is recognized for its ability to colonize diverse habitats and cause disease in a variety of hosts, including plants, invertebrates, and mammals. Understanding how this bacterium is able to occupy wide-ranging niches is important for deciphering its ecology. We used transposon sequencing [Tn-Seq, also known as insertion sequencing (INSeq)] to identify genes in
P. aeruginosa
that contribute to fitness during the colonization of
Drosophila melanogaster
. Our results reveal a suite of critical factors, including those that contribute to polysaccharide production, DNA repair, metabolism, and respiration. Comparison of candidate genes with fitness determinants discovered in previous studies on
P. aeruginosa
identified several genes required for colonization and virulence determinants that are conserved across hosts and tissues. This analysis provides evidence for both the conservation of function of several genes across systems, as well as host-specific functions. These findings, which represent the first use of transposon sequencing of a gut pathogen in
Drosophila
, demonstrate the power of Tn-Seq in the fly model system and advance the existing knowledge of intestinal pathogenesis by
D. melanogaster,
revealing bacterial colonization determinants that contribute to a comprehensive portrait of
P. aeruginosa
lifestyles across habitats.

IMPORTANCE

Drosophila melanogaster
is a powerful model for understanding host–pathogen interactions. Research with this system has yielded notable insights into mechanisms of host immunity and defense, many of which emerged from the analysis of bacterial mutants defective for well-characterized virulence factors. These foundational studies—and advances in high-throughput sequencing of transposon mutants—support unbiased screens of bacterial mutants in the fly. To investigate mechanisms of host–pathogen interplay and exploit the tractability of this model host, we used a high-throughput, genome-wide mutant analysis to find genes that enable the pathogen
P. aeruginosa
to colonize the fly. Our analysis reveals critical mediators of
P. aeruginosa
establishment in its host, some of which are required across fly and mouse systems. These findings demonstrate the utility of massively parallel mutant analysis and provide a platform for aligning the fly toolkit with comprehensive bacterial genomics.
Prevalence of occupational moral injury and post-traumatic embitterment disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Brennan Chloe J , Roberts Carl , Cole Jon C 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesOccupational moral injury and post-traumatic embitterment disorder (PTED) describe the psychological distress caused by exposure to injustice at work. This meta-analysis aims to determine the prevalence of occupational moral injury and PTED and establish whether prevalence estimates differ depending on occupation.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesGoogle Scholar, PubMed, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Sage Journals Online were searched in June 2020 and updated in November 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesObservational studies that measured prevalence or average scores of moral injury, or PTED in any occupational group and any geographical location.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers screened and coded eligible studies. Study design, participant demographics, sampling method, location, measurement tool and prevalence or average scores were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment Checklist for Prevalence Studies tool. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models. Results that could not be combined were summarised qualitatively in a narrative synthesis using the Guidance for Systematic Reviews.ResultsIn total, 88 studies across armed forces and veterans, healthcare, first responders, educators, journalists, child protection service employees, the unemployed, public-sector employees and mixed occupations were included. Studies included in each separate meta-analysis based on the measure used ranged from 2 to 30. The pooled prevalence of clinically relevant moral injury in healthcare professionals was 45%, and exposure to any potentially morally injurious event (PMIE) across occupations was 67%. Exposure to transgressions by others and betrayal was significantly lower in the armed forces than civilian occupations. Pooled prevalence of PTED across occupations was 26%.ConclusionExposure to PMIEs, moral injury symptoms and PTED are prevalent at work and exposure to transgressions by others and betrayal are more likely in civilian occupations than the armed forces.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020191766.
Patient-report and caregiver-report measures of rehabilitation service use following acquired brain injury: a systematic review
Authors: McCormick Sophie , Jarvis Jessica M , Terhorst Lauren , Richardson Amanda , Kaseman Lauren , Kesbhat Aboli , Yepuri Yamini , Beyene Elizabeth , VonVille Helena , Bendixen Roxanna , Treble-Barna Amery 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo review patient-report/caregiver-report measures of rehabilitation service use following acquired brain injury (ABI).Data sourcesMedline, APA PsycINFO, Embase and CINAHL were searched on November 2021 and November 2022. Authors were contacted if measures were not included in manuscripts/appendices.Study selectionIncluded articles were empirical research or a research protocol, available in English and described measures of patient report/caregiver report of rehabilitation service use post-ABI via quantitative or qualitative methods. Two reviewers independently screened 5290 records using DistillerSR. Discrepancies were resolved by team adjudication.Data extractionData extraction was piloted with high levels of agreement (k=.94). Data were extracted by a single member with team meetings to seek guidance as needed. Data included administration characteristics (reporter, mode of administration, recall period), psychometric evidence and dimensions assessed (types of services, setting, frequency, duration, intensity, qualitative aspects).Data synthesisOne hundred and fifty-two measures were identified from 85 quantitative, 56 qualitative and 3 psychometric studies. Psychometric properties were reported for four measures, all of which focused on satisfaction. Most measures inquired about the type of rehabilitation services used, with more than half assessing functional (eg, physical therapy) and behavioural health rehabilitation services, but fewer than half assessing community and academic reintegration (eg, special education, vocational rehabilitation) or cognitive (eg, neuropsychology) services. Fewer than half assessed qualitative aspects (eg, satisfaction). Recall periods ranged from 1 month to ‘since the ABI event’ or focused on current use. Of measures that could be accessed (n=71), many included a limited checklist of types of services used. Very few measures assessed setting, frequency, intensity or duration.ConclusionsDespite widespread interest, the vast majority of measures have not been validated and are limited in scope. Use of gold-standard psychometric methods to develop and validate a comprehensive patient-report/caregiver-report measure of rehabilitation service use would have wide-ranging implications for improving rehabilitation research in ABI.
Operation-specific risk of postoperative nausea: a cross-sectional study comparing 72 procedures
Authors: Komann Marcus , Rabe Yvonne , Lehmann Thomas , Dreiling Johannes , Weinmann Claudia , Kranke Peter , Meißner Winfried 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesDetermination of the procedure-specific, risk-adjusted probability of nausea.DesignCross-sectional analysis of clinical and patient-reported outcome data. We used a logistic regression model with type of operation, age, sex, preoperative opioids, antiemetic prophylaxis, regional anaesthesia, and perioperative opioids as predictors of postoperative nausea.SettingData from 152 German and Austrian hospitals collected in the Quality Improvement in Postoperative Pain Treatment (QUIPS) registry from 2013 to 2022. Participants completed a validated outcome questionnaire on the first postoperative day. Operations were categorised into groups of at least 100 cases.ParticipantsWe included 78 231 of the 293 947 participants from the QUIPS registry. They were 18 years or older, willing and able to participate and could be assigned to exactly one operation group.Main outcome measuresAdjusted absolute risk of nausea on the first postoperative day for 72 types of operation.ResultsThe adjusted absolute risk of nausea ranged from 6.2% to 36.2% depending on the type of operation. The highest risks were found for laparoscopic bariatric operations (36.2%), open hysterectomy (30.4%), enterostoma relocation (29.8%), open radical prostatectomy (28.8%), laparoscopic colon resection (28.6%) and open sigmoidectomy (28%). In a logistic regression model, male sex (OR: 0.39, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.41, p<0.0001), perioperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis (0.73, 0.7 to 0.76, p<0.0001), intraoperative regional anaesthesia (0.88, 0.83 to 0.93, p<0.0001) and preoperative opioids for chronic pain (0.74, 0.68 to 0.81, p<0.0001) reduced the risk of nausea. Perioperative opioid use increased the OR up to 2.38 (2.17 to 2.61, p<0.0001).ConclusionsThe risk of postoperative nausea varies considerably between surgical procedures. Patients undergoing certain types of operation should receive special attention and targeted prevention strategies. Adding these findings to known predictive tools may raise awareness of the still unacceptably high incidence of nausea in certain patient groups. This may help to further reduce the prevalence of nausea.Trial registration numberDRKS00006153; German Clinical Trials Register;https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00006153
Effects of a home-based exercise combined yoga and resistance training in enthesitis-related arthritis in China: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Mei , Li Jiaoyu , Su Yue , Guo Guimei , Chen Nan 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionEnthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) is a category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The complications of JIA include pain, muscle weakness, limited movement and worsening quality of life. Yoga is an effective exercise therapy for rheumatoid arthritis and may have similar benefits for JIA. Considering the limitation of yoga for strengthening muscles, combined yoga and resistance training (CYRT) may compensate for the shortcomings and provide more benefits for JIA patients. Despite this, there is currently a lack of studies investigating the effectiveness of CYRT for JIA patients. Due to the inaccessibility of traditional exercise therapy, home-based exercise is needed. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of home-based CYRT on JIA.Methods and analysisThis is a 12-week randomised single-blind controlled trial study. 60 patients with ERA will be randomised into two groups: the home-based exercise group (HBE) and the health education (HE) group. The HBE group (n=30) will perform the CYRT programme 3 times a week at home for 12 weeks and receive HE. The HE group (n=30) will only receive HE. The outcomes include primary outcome (pain levels) and secondary outcomes (lower limb muscle strength, motion range of joint, aerobic fitness, function ability, fatigue levels, mental health, quality of life and blood biomarkers). The assessments will be conducted at baseline, postintervention (12 weeks) and follow-up (24 weeks). Data will be analysed by intention to treat.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine in December 2023 (approval no. XHEC-C-2023-059-3). This study will require informed consent from all subjects and guardians of children under 18 years of age. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and international conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR2300073446.
Towards integrated mental health services in low-income and middle-income countries: organisation of primary healthcare providers – a scoping review protocol
Authors: Ward Kim , Marimwe Chipiwa , Parker Mariam B , Dube Lorraine Tanyaradzwa 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionMental health conditions constitute a significant percentage of the global burden of disease. A shortfall of mental health specialists and a lack of integration of services in primary care in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) contribute towards a mental health treatment gap in excess of 70%. Organising and equipping non-specialist healthcare workers is, therefore, an important strategy for improving access to mental health services in LMICs. This scoping review aims to map literature that addresses the organisation of and support provided to health teams in primary care settings within the context of integrated mental healthcare and as it relates to detection, treatment and referral of mental health conditions. The review will be guided by the ‘Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions’ framework.Methods and analysisThis review protocol will employ the methodological framework first developed by Arksey and O’Malley and later advanced by others and will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines. This process will entail identifying the research questions, locating relevant literature, choosing eligible reports and studies, extracting the data and summarising the results in English-language studies and reports from 2008 to 2023 will be sourced from PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycARTICLES, Scopus, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete and the WHO website. A two-stage screening of titles and abstracts, followed by full-text literature will be done in duplicate with blinded authors. Data extraction will be based on predefined fields.Ethics and disseminationAll literature accessed for this scoping review is in the public domain and thus, no approval from an ethics review board is required. The findings of the scoping review report will inform future mental health research in LMIC and will be disseminated to relevant stakeholders and published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Association between sarcopenia grade and fall history among older adults in West China: A retrospective study
Authors: Wen Quan , Chen Xiaoyan , Luo Shuyue , Hou Lisha , Yue Jirong , Liu Xiaolei , Xia Xin , Liu Fang , Dong Birong , Ge Ning 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesThe association between sarcopenia severity and fall history remains under-researched at present. Accordingly, this study was developed to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenic status and prior fall events in a multiethnic group of older community-dwelling adults in Western China.DesignA retrospective survey study, the data comes from the West China Health and Aging Trend study.SettingThe study was based in Western China.ParticipantsIn total, this retrospective analysis incorporated data from 2719 older adults (59.2% women).Primary and secondary outcome measuresGrip strength, gait speed and skeletal muscle mass index values were analysed for all participants, and the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2014 and 2019 consensus criteria were leveraged to assess sarcopenia status in these individuals. Prior fall history was defined by any incidents in which an individual unintentionally came to rest on the floor within the past year. The association between sarcopenia status and fall history was examined through a binary logistic regression approach, with p<0.05 as the threshold for significance.ResultsUsing the AWGS2014 and AWGS2019 diagnostic criteria, of the individuals included in this study cohort 1851 (68.1%) were free of sarcopenia, 160 (5.9%) and 56 (2.1%) showed only muscle-mass loss, 322 (11.8%) and 267 (9.8%) exhibited non-severe sarcopenia and the remaining 386 (14.2%) and 545 (20.0%) exhibited severe sarcopenia, respectively. Previous fall events were reported for 14.8% of study cohort members. After full adjustment for potential confounders, a significant link between severe sarcopenia diagnosed by the AWGS2014 diagnostic criteria and fall history was observed (OR 1.397, 95% CI 1.029 to 1.896, p=0.032), while the AWGS2019 diagnostic criteria did not (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.982 to 1.694, p=0.068).ConclusionsSevere sarcopenia, as defined per the AWGS2014 criteria, was associated with a significantly higher risk of falls in this multiethnic cohort of older adults from Western China, while the AWGS2019 diagnostic criteria did not. However, this relationship was not observed for individuals who experienced muscle mass loss or had non-severe sarcopenia, according to both the AWGS2014 and AWGS2019 diagnostic criteria.
Outcomes of single-procedure radiofrequency catheter ablation for idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias: a single-centre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jiang Zhi , Guo Chuxian , Liu Qifang , Tian Ye , Tian Longhai , Yang Ying , Wang Junxian , Chen Chunyan , Zheng Yaxi , Li Yu , Ou Qiaoqiao , Yang Long 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesRadiofrequency catheter ablation is the first-line treatment for idiopathic premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) and ventricular tachycardias (VTs). However, the outcomes were less compared among the categories. The study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of catheter ablation for idiopathic PVC/VTs in a single high-volume centre, using the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) as a reference.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingPatient data were collected from a tertiary hospital in Guizhou, China.ParticipantsBetween September 2013 and September 2022, 1028 patients (male: 41.3%; age: 46.5±15.6 years) who underwent the first catheter ablation for idiopathic monomorphic PVC/VTs were enrolled.Outcome measuresAcute success, procedure-related complications, and long-term recurrence were assessed. Antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) were not administrated after procedures unless recurrence was identified.ResultsThe overall acute success rate was 90.3%, with 368 patients (35.8%) experiencing left ventricular PVC/VTs. No cases of third-degree atrioventricular block or death were reported. Complications were more common in patients with left ventricular PVC/VTs than those with right-sided ones (4.6% vs 0.1%, p<0.001). A total of 926 patients (90.1%) were followed up for an average of 9.7±3.7 months, and only the PVC/VTs category was found to be associated with long-term success rates. The RVOT, endocardial left ventricular outflow tract (endoLVOT), tricuspid annulus (TA) free wall, posterior septum and fascicular VT had long-term success rates exceeding 85%. Other types of PVC/VTs showed significantly higher risks of recurrence.ConclusionsBesides RVOT and fascicular VT, single-procedure catheter ablation without AADs is highly effective for endoLVOT, TA-free wall and posterior septum. Patients with left ventricular PVC/VTs have higher complication risks compared with right ones.
Development of an overarching framework for anticipating and assessing adverse and other unintended consequences of public health interventions (CONSEQUENT): a best-fit framework synthesis
Authors: Stratil Jan M , Biallas Renke L , Movsisyan Ani , Oliver Kathryn , Rehfuess Eva A 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionDespite the best intentions and intended beneficial outcomes, public health (PH) interventions can have adverse effects and other unintended consequences (AUCs). AUCs are rarely systematically examined when developing, evaluating or implementing PH interventions. We, therefore, used a multipronged, evidence-based approach to develop a framework to support researchers and decision-makers in anticipating and assessing AUCs of PH interventions.MethodsWe employed the ‘best-fit’ synthesis approach, starting with an a priori framework and iteratively revising this based on systematically identified evidence. The a priori framework was designed using key elements of the WHO-INTEGRATE framework and the Behaviour Change Wheel, to root it in global health norms and values, established mechanisms of PH interventions and a complexity perspective. The a priori framework was advanced based on theoretical and conceptual publications and systematic reviews on the topic of AUCs in PH. Thematic analysis was used to revise the framework and identify new themes. To test the framework, it was coded against four systematic reviews of AUCs of PH interventions.ResultsThe Cosequences of Public Health Interventions (CONSEQUENT) framework includes two components: the first focuses on AUCs and serves to categorise them; the second (supplementary) component highlights the mechanisms through which AUCs may arise. The first component comprises eight domains of consequences: health, health system, human rights, acceptability and adherence, equality, and equity, social and institutional, economic and resources, and the environment.ConclusionThe CONSEQUENT framework is intended to facilitate classification and conceptualisation of AUCs of PH interventions during their development or evaluation to support evidence-informed decision-making.