bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescence: general and dimension-specific effects of familial loadings and preadolescent temperament traits
Authors: ORMEL J. , OLDEHINKEL A. J. , FERDINAND R. F. , HARTMAN C. A. , De WINTER A. F. , VEENSTRA R. , VOLLEBERGH W. , MINDERAA R. B. , BUITELAAR J. K. , VERHULST F. C. 
Published: August 2005

Background. We investigated the links between familial loading, preadolescent temperament, and internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescence, hereby distinguishing effects on maladjustment in general versus dimension-specific effects on either internalizing or externalizing problems.Method. In a population-based sample of 2230 preadolescents (10–11 years) familial loading (parental lifetime psychopathology) and offspring temperament were assessed at baseline by parent report, and offspring psychopathology at 2·5-years follow-up by self-report, teacher report and parent report. We used purified measures of temperament and psychopathology and partialled out shared variance between internalizing and externalizing problems.Results. Familial loading of internalizing psychopathology predicted offspring internalizing but not externalizing problems, whereas familial loading of externalizing psychopathology predicted offspring externalizing but not internalizing problems. Both familial loadings were associated with Frustration, low Effortful Control, and Fear. Frustration acted as a general risk factor predicting severity of maladjustment; low Effortful Control and Fear acted as dimension-specific risk factors that predicted a particular type of psychopathology; whereas Shyness, High-Intensity Pleasure, and Affiliation acted as direction markers that steered the conditional probability of internalizing versus externalizing problems, in the event of maladjustment. Temperament traits mediated one-third of the association between familial loading and psychopathology. Findings were robust across different composite measures of psychopathology, and applied to girls as well as boys.Conclusions. With regard to familial loading and temperament, it is important to distinguish general risk factors (Frustration) from dimension-specific risk factors (familial loadings, Effortful Control, Fear), and direction markers that act as pathoplastic factors (Shyness, High-Intensity Pleasure, Affiliation) from both types of risk factors. About one-third of familial loading effects on psychopathology in early adolescence are mediated by temperament.
Neutrophils and the kallikrein–kinin system in proteinase‐activated receptor 4‐mediated inflammation in rodents
Authors: Houle Steeve , Papez Martin D , Ferazzini Mara , Hollenberg Morley D , Vergnolle Nathalie 
Published: August 2005

We evaluated a potential role for proteinase‐activated receptor 4 (PAR4) in a rodent paw inflammation model, with a focus on two main features of inflammation: (1) oedema and (2) granulocyte recruitment.
A PAR4 antagonist (Pepducin P4pal‐10; palmitoyl‐SGRRYGHALR‐NH2) reduced both the oedema and granulocyte recruitment induced by a localized administration of carrageenan in the rat hind paw, pointing to a key role for PAR4 in this inflammation model.
Further, intraplantar injection in the mouse hind paw of a PAR4 agonist (AYPGKF‐NH2), but not its standard PAR4‐inactive peptide control (YAPGKF‐NH2), caused an inflammatory reaction characterized by oedema (increased paw thickness) and granulocyte recruitment (increased paw myeloperoxidase activity). The PAR4 agonist‐induced effects were inhibited in mice pretreated with pepducin P4pal10.
These PAR4 agonist‐mediated effects were not affected by pretreatment with inhibitors of either NO production or prostaglandin release (L‐NAME and indomethacin, respectively).
However, selective immuno‐depletion of neutrophils significantly reduced PAR4 agonist‐induced oedema formation.
Moreover, AYPGKF‐NH2‐induced oedema was also reduced by pretreatment with either a kinin B2 receptor antagonist (icatibant) or a tissue or plasma kallikrein inhibitor (FE999024 and FE999026, respectively), but not with a kinin B1 receptor antagonist (SSR240612).
We conclude: (1) that PAR4 plays an important role in the inflammatory response as it mediates some of the hallmarks of inflammation and (2) that PAR4‐mediated oedema is dependent on the recruitment of neutrophils and components of the kallikrein–kinin system.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 670–678. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706371
The inhibitory effect of alendronate, a nitrogen‐containing bisphosphonate on the PI3K–Akt–NFκB pathway in osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Inoue Ryosuke , Matsuki Nori‐aki , Jing Gao , Kanematsu Takashi , Abe Kihachiro , Hirata Masato 
Published: August 2005

Bisphosphonates are inhibitors of tumor cell growth as well as of bone resorption by inducing cell apoptosis. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms by which the drug induces cell apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of alendronate, one of the nitrogen‐containing bisphosphonates on the phoshoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)–Akt–NFκB pathway, the major cell survival pathway.The PI3K–Akt–NFκB pathway was activated in the osteosarcoma cell line MG‐63 treated with tumor necrosis factor‐αor insulin. Saos‐2 was also used in some experiments. This was assessed by the production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5‐trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3), increased PI3K activity, phosphorylation of Akt at serine 473 and threonine 308, increase in activity of the inhibitor of nuclear factorκB (IκB) kinase (IKK) and finally phosphorylation of IκB and its subsequent degradation.Pretreatment with alendronate at 100 μMfor 24 h prior to the stimulation with tumor necrosis factor‐αor insulin partially inhibited the IκB phosphorylation and degradation. These events were more clearly observed in the presence of inhibitors of proteasomes, which are responsible for the degradation of IκB. The drug also partially inhibited the activity of IKK, but almost fully inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and the production of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3.The inhibitory effect of alendronate on IκB phosphorylation and degradation was not attenuated by the exogenous addition of geranylgeraniol to replenish the cytosolic isoprenyl lipid substrate.The present findings demonstrate that alendronate inhibited the PI3K–Akt–NFκB cell survival pathway at the point of PI3K activation, thus indicating the presence of new targets of alendronate.British Journal of Pharmacology(2005)146, 633–641. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706373
Cyclic AMP and calcium interplay as second messengers in melatonin-dependent regulation of Plasmodium falciparum cell cycle
Authors: Beraldo Flávio H. , Almeida Fabiana M. , da Silva Aline M. , Garcia Célia R.S. 
Published: August 2005

The host hormone melatonin increases cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration and synchronizes Plasmodium cell cycle (Hotta, C.T., M.L. Gazarini, F.H. Beraldo, F.P. Varotti, C. Lopes, R.P. Markus, T. Pozzan, and C.R. Garcia. 2000. Nat. Cell Biol. 2:466–468). Here we show that in Plasmodium falciparum melatonin induces an increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity (40 and 50%, respectively).
When red blood cells infected with P. falciparum are treated with cAMP analogue adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate N6-benzoyl/PKA activator (6-Bz-cAMP) there is an alteration of the parasite cell cycle. This effect appears to depend on activation of PKA (abolished by the PKA inhibitors adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphorothioate/8 Bromo Rp isomer, PKI [cell permeable peptide], and H89). An unexpected cross talk was found to exist between the cAMP and the Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways. The increases in cAMP by melatonin are inhibited by blocker of phospholipase C U73122, and addition of 6-Bz-cAMP increases cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, through PKA activation.
These findings suggest that in Plasmodium a highly complex interplay exists between the Ca2+ and cAMP signaling pathways, but also that the control of the parasite cell cycle by melatonin requires the activation of both second messenger controlled pathways.
Library advocacy starts at home
Authors: Borges Michael 
Published: August 2005

PurposeTo give a quick and easy approach to library advocacy, with regard to the ongoing needs of keeping in touch with stakeholders due to poor or reducing government funding for public libraries, librarians are in the situation of having to advocate in new and different ways.Design/methodology/approachGiven the state of New York and federal funding, this approach explores the best practices that anyone can apply to approach stakeholders and policy makers for more funding.FindingsFunding for libraries in the USA is often tied to “who” the library knows and this article gives a direct “how to” approach that can be used throughout the local, state or federal lobbying process. Especially in meeting the sophisticated demands of library users, this approach ties funding to patron activities, such as reading, electronic resources and programming.Originality/valueThis snapshot on advocacy can give those in the front lines or new to the advocacy process a way to start thinking in new ways to getting an advocacy action plan in place. A web resource of state activities in the State of New York offers resources on advocacy, specifically targeted to library advocates. Other benefits include developing messages and building coalitions.
PCB assembly line assignment: a genetic algorithm approach
Authors: Ho W. , Ji P. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThis paper sets out to study a production‐planning problem for printed circuit board (PCB) assembly. A PCB assembly company may have a number of assembly lines for production of several product types in large volume.Design/methodology/approachPure integer linear programming models are formulated for assigning the product types to assembly lines, which is the line assignment problem, with the objective of minimizing the total production cost. In this approach, unrealistic assignment, which was suffered by previous researchers, is avoided by incorporating several constraints into the model. In this paper, a genetic algorithm is developed to solve the line assignment problem.FindingsThe procedure of the genetic algorithm to the problem and a numerical example for illustrating the models are provided. It is also proved that the algorithm is effective and efficient in dealing with the problem.Originality/valueThis paper studies the line assignment problem arising in a PCB manufacturing company in which the production volume is high.
A cluster‐based decision support system for estimating earthquake damage and casualties
Authors: Aleskerov Fuad , Say Arzu Iseri , Toker Aysegül , Akin H. Levent , Altay Gülay 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper describes a Decision Support System for Disaster Management (DSS‐DM) to aid operational and strategic planning and policymaking for disaster mitigation and preparedness in a less‐developed infrastructural context. Such contexts require a more flexible and robust system for fast prediction of damage and losses. The proposed system is specifically designed for earthquake scenarios, estimating the extent of human losses and injuries, as well as the need for temporary shelters. The DSS‐DM uses a scenario approach to calculate the aforementioned parameters at the district and sub‐district level at different earthquake intensities. The following system modules have been created: clusters (buildings) with respect to use; buildings with respect to construction typology; and estimations of damage to clusters, human losses and injuries, and the need for shelters. The paper not only examines the components of the DSS‐DM, but also looks at its application in Besiktas municipality in the city of Istanbul, Turkey.
Education for outreach: development of an inter‐professional MSc in critical care
Authors: Fulbrook Paul , Cockerell Janet 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis article describes the development of a new multi‐professional Master's degree programme, which is aimed at supporting the education of practitioners in meeting the needs of Level 1 critically ill patients. The main drivers that influenced its development were Comprehensive Critical Care (Department of Health, 2000a) and the National Health Service Modernisation Agency for Critical Care. The programme was aimed primarily at junior doctors, senior ward nurses, senior physiotherapists and members of Outreach teams. The programme was designed to maximize work‐based learning and is framed around two clinically focused units. The programme is informed by principles of quality improvement and aims to prepare practitioners to meet the needs of Level 1 patients ‘at the point of need’.
Nurse‐led elective cardioversion: an evidence‐based practice review
Authors: Smallwood Andrew 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBy posing a clinical practice question, this article aims to document and explore the published evidence base supporting nurse‐led cardioversion. A literature review was undertaken to determine the best evidence for practice. Five articles and two conference abstracts describing practice were found to be pertinent to the question. Description of the methodology used was a weakness of all the articles studied, with only one article purported to be framed as a research study. The remainder describe a planned change in nursing practice to encompass the delivery of a service previously, organizationally viewed as, physician led. Evaluations of practice were descriptive and supported by audit data in most articles, however, appropriate evidential comparisons were not offered. These articles were critically appraised in relation to safety and efficacy. Whilst the evidence may be seen to be limited and weak, it does add credence to the notion that a nurse with a suitable experiential background and knowledge base can make a significant contribution to the care of this group of patients. It is clearly evident that further developments in practice should be framed within a research context to support and strengthen the evidence base. Four prominent themes emerged from the review, ‘change milieu’, ‘reshaping boundaries’, ‘nurse‐led’, ‘efficacy of practice’, which are modelled into a conceptual framework. Nursing roles are expanding within the cardiological setting, affording practitioners unprecedented practice opportunities within a supportive organizational framework, however, these roles must be subject to appropriate evaluation in order to continue informing a robust evidence base.
An evaluation of the impact of the ventilator care bundle
Authors: Crunden Eddie , Boyce Carolyn , Woodman Helen , Bray Barbara 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA number of interventions have been shown to improve the outcomes of patients who are invasively ventilated in intensive care units (ICUs). However, significant problems still exist in implementing research findings into clinical practice. The aim of this study was to assess whether the systematic and methodical implementation of evidence‐based interventions encapsulated in a care bundle influenced length of ventilation and ICU length of stay (LOS). A ventilator care bundle was introduced within a general ICU and evaluated 1 year later. The care bundle was composed of four protocols that consisted of prophylaxis against peptic ulceration, prophylaxis against deep vein thrombosis, daily cessation of sedation and elevation of the patient's head and chest to at least 30 degrees to the horizontal. Compliance with the bundle was assessed, as was ICU LOS, ICU mortality and ICU/high‐dependency unit patient throughput. Mean ICU LOS was reduced from 13·75 [standard deviation (SD) 19·11] days to 8·36 (SD 10·21) days (p < 0·05). Mean ventilator days were reduced from 10·8 (SD 15·58) days to 6·1 (SD 8·88) days. Unit patient throughput increased by 30·1% and the number of invasively ventilated patients increased by 39·5%. Care bundles encourage the consistent and systematic application of evidence‐based protocols used in particular treatment regimes. Since the introduction of the ventilator care bundle, length of ventilation and ICU LOS have reduced significantly.
Impact of the European Working Time Directive on the training of paediatric anaesthetists*
Authors: White M. L. , Walker I. A. , Jackson E. , Thomas M. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe European Working Time Directive and the New Deal have decreased the number of hours worked by anaesthetic trainees. We implemented the Working Time Directive in May 2004 and evaluated the effect of its implementation on training. During two 6‐month periods, one before and one after the change, we determined the number of operating lists undertaken by each Specialist Registrar in Anaesthesia. After implementation of the Working Time Directive, the mean number of lists performed by Specialist Registrars decreased from 24 to 21 lists per registrar per month, a 13% decrease. Exposure to subspecialty lists was the same in both periods, but this was at the expense of general lists and those in remote locations. We conclude that the Working Time Directive has had a measurable impact on the training of paediatric anaesthetists, but that the significance of this change for clinical practice has not yet been measured.
AIDS‐related lymphomas: from pathogenesis to pathology
Authors: Carbone Antonino , Gloghini Annunziata 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐associated lymphomas include: (1) lymphomas also occurring, although sporadically, in the absence of HIV infection. The vast majority of these lymphomas are high‐grade B‐cell lymphomas: Burkitt lymphoma (BL), diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with centroblastic (CB) features and DLBCL with immunoblastic (IBL) features; (2) unusual lymphomas occurring more specifically in HIV‐positive patients and include two rare entities, namely ‘primary effusion lymphoma’ (PEL) and ‘plasmablastic lymphoma’ of the oral cavity. The pathological heterogeneity of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome‐associated non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (AIDS‐NHL) reflects the heterogeneity of their associated molecular lesions. In AIDS‐BL, the molecular lesions involve activation of cMYC, inactivation of P53, and infection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). AIDS‐IBL infected with EBV are characterised by frequent expression of latent membrane protein 1 – an EBV oncoprotein. The biological heterogeneity of AIDS‐NHL is highlighted by their histogenetic differences. Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV/HHV8)‐associated lymphomas, which often develop in persons with advanced AIDS, present predominantly as PEL. KSHV/HHV8 has also been recently detected in solid extracavitary‐based lymphomas. The KSHV/HHV8‐associated solid lymphomas are (1) unusual lymphomas that occur more specifically in HIV‐positive patients; (2) extracavitary and arise in nodal and/or extranodal sites; and (3) histologically, they usually display a PEL‐like morphology and plasma cell‐related phenotype.
Air travel and thrombosis
Authors: Chee Y.‐L. , Watson H. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe current literature suggests a weak association between long‐distance travel and the development of asymptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE). Most of the data available relate to air travel and suggest that the risk is largely confined to asymptomatic calf vein thrombosis in passengers with additional risk factors for VTE, travelling for more than 8 h. The risk of both symptomatic and fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) is very small. The causal role of travel‐related factors (e.g. stasis, dehydration, cramped seats and hypobaric hypoxia) is not yet proved but, given the plausible risk‐free benefit, all passengers should be advised to maintain adequate hydration and exercise. There is currently no evidence for ‘routine’ thromboprophylaxis using stockings or drugs. In passengers with additional risk factors for VTE, thromboprophylaxis in the form of below‐knee graduated compression stockings (providing 15–30 mmHg at the ankle) and/or prophylactic dose low‐molecular‐weight heparin may be considered. The evidence does not support the use of aspirin, which is associated with a significant rate of adverse gastrointestinal effects.
Identification of ID‐1 as a potential target gene of MMSET in multiple myeloma
Authors: Hudlebusch Heidi Rye , Theilgaard‐Mönch Kim , Lodahl Marianne , Johnsen Hans Erik , Rasmussen Thomas 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe frequently detected t(4;14)(p16·3;q32) translocation in multiple myeloma (MM) results in a dysregulation of two potential oncogenes: multiple myeloma SET domain (MMSET) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). As the expression of FGFR3 is undetectable in 30% of the t(4;14)+ MM patients, MMSET has been suggested to play an important role in the malignant transformation associated with the t(4;14) translocation. Screening with a real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) found complex expression patterns of the MMSET transcripts in fluorescence‐activated cell sorted (FACS)‐purified plasma cells (PCs) from 15 t(4;14)+ MM patients. In addition, potential target genes of MMSET type I and II were identified, using microarray analyses of MMSET transfected cell lines. Subsequently, the expression of potential target genes was verified by real‐time PCR in FACS‐purified PCs from 15 t(4;14)+ and 22 t(4;14)− MM patients. We suggest that the inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID‐1) is a target gene of MMSET, based on its upregulation in MMSET transfected cell lines and a significant association between the t(4;14) translocation and ID‐1 expression in MM patients (P = 0·002). As high levels of ID‐1 are associated with cancer, our findings indicate that MMSET promotes oncogenic transformation in t(4;14)+ MM patients by transcriptional activation of ID‐1 expression.
Acute myeloid leukaemia with FLT3 gene mutations of both internal tandem duplication and point mutation type
Authors: Chen Weina , Jones Dan , Jeffrey Medeiros L. , Luthra Rajyalashmi , Lin Pei 
Published: August 2005

Summary FLT3 gene mutations, either internal tandem duplication or point mutation type, are common in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We describe 21 AML cases with both types of gene mutations, so‐called dual mutations, representing approximately 1% of all cases. Most newly diagnosed AML with FLT3 dual mutations had monocytic differentiation and a normal karyotype. Over the disease course, changes in FLT3 mutation status were seen in 89% of cases, and were associated with cytogenetic changes. We conclude that FLT3 dual mutations occur rarely in AML, and appear to be related to clonal evolution.
Cyclophosphamide and antithymocyte globulin as a conditioning regimen for allogeneic marrow transplantation in patients with aplastic anaemia: a long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Kahl Christoph , Leisenring Wendy , Joachim Deeg H. , Chauncey Thomas R. , Flowers Mary E. D. , Martin Paul J. , Sanders Jean E. , Storb Rainer 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA total of 81 severe aplastic anaemia patients, aged 2–63 years, received human leucocyte antigen‐matched related marrow grafts after cyclophosphamide + antithymocyte globulin followed by postgrafting methotrexate + ciclosporin. Median follow‐up was 9·2 years. Ninety‐six per cent of patients had sustained engraftment, 24% developed acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), grade II in all but two patients, and 26% developed chronic GVHD; all surviving patients eventually responded to immunosuppressive therapy. Six patients developed cancer: one fatal lymphoma and five carcinomas (all five patients are now free of cancer). Survival was 88%. The regimen appeared well tolerated and effective in heavily pretreated patients with aplastic anaemia.