bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐course radiation with consolidation chemotherapy does not increase operative morbidity compared to long‐course chemoradiation: A retrospective study of the US rectal cancer consortium
Authors: Bauer Philip S. , Gamboa Adriana C. , Otegbeye Ebunoluwa E. , Chapman William C. , Rivard Samantha , Regenbogen Scott , Mohammed Maryam , Holder‐Murray Jennifer , Wiseman Jason T. , Ejaz Aslam , Edwards‐Hollingsworth Kamren , Hawkins Alexander T. , Hunt Steven R. , Balch Glen , Silviera Matthew L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesNeoadjuvant short‐course radiation and consolidation chemotherapy (SC TNT) remains less widely used for rectal cancer in the United States than long‐course chemoradiation (LCRT). SC TNT may improve compliance and downstaging; however, a longer radiation‐to‐surgery interval may worsen pelvic fibrosis and morbidity with total mesorectal excision (TME). A single, US‐center retrospective analysis has shown comparable risk of morbidity after neoadjuvant short‐course radiation with consolidation chemotherapy (SC TNT) and long‐course chemoradiation (LCRT). Validation by a multi‐institutional study is needed.MethodsThe US Rectal Cancer Consortium database (2010–2018) was retrospectively reviewed for patients with nonmetastatic, rectal adenocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant LCRT or SC TNT before TME. The primary endpoint was severe postoperative morbidity. Cohorts were compared by univariate analysis. Multivariable logistic regression modeled the odds of severe complication.ResultsOf 788 included patients, 151 (19%) received SC TNT and 637 (81%) LCRT. The SC TNT group had fewer distal tumors (33.8% vs. 50.2%, p < 0.0001) and more clinical node‐positive disease (74.2% vs. 47.6%, p < 0.0001). The intraoperative complication rate was similar (SC TNT 5.3% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.65). There was no difference in overall postoperative morbidity (38.4% vs. 46.3%, p = 0.08). Severe morbidity was similar with low anterior resection (9.1% vs. 15.3%, p = 0.10) and abdominoperineal resection (24.4% vs. 29.7%, p = 0.49). SC TNT did not increase the odds of severe morbidity relative to LCRT on multivariable analysis (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.37–1.10).ConclusionsSC TNT does not increase morbidity after TME for rectal cancer relative to LCRT. Concern for surgical complications should not discourage the use of SC TNT when aiming to increase the likelihood of complete clinical response.
The relationship between prebiotic intake and allergic rhinitis
Authors: Chang Chao , Wang Qiuyang , Li Xiaodan , Tan Huazhang , Huang Guoxin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesExploring the relationship between intake of probiotics and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis.MethodsBased on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, dietary supplement labels were examined to identify products containing probiotics and prebiotics. Statistical methods were used to analyze the factors influencing the prevalence of allergic rhinitis, and further stratified analysis was conducted to control for confounding factors.ResultsThe proportion of individuals not consuming probiotics was significantly higher in the allergic rhinitis (AR) group than in those consuming them, suggesting a correlation between probiotics and AR. In the male subgroup with probiotic intake, the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.28 (0.10–0.75), p = .02, indicating that probiotic intake was a protective factor for AR in the male population. In the probiotic‐intake group, the odds ratio for age < 65 was 0.26 (0.07–0.94), p = .04, and for age ≥ 80 was less than 1 with p < .0001, suggesting that probiotic intake was a protective factor for AR in age < 65 and age ≥ 80 populations, both with statistical significance.ConclusionIntake of probiotics is associated with a reduced prevalence of allergic rhinitis, particularly in the male population and individuals aged <65 years and ≥ 80 years.Level of EvidenceLevel 4.
Dark carbon fixation in stream carbon cycling
Authors: Machado‐Silva Fausto , Bastviken David , Miranda Marcio , Peixoto Roberta Bittencourt , Marotta Humberto , Enrich‐Prast Alex 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHeadwater streams are often characterized by turbulence, organic matter inputs from terrestrial systems, net heterotrophy, and the microbial loop supplying carbon and energy for consumers. However, ecological models overlook dark carbon fixation (DCF), the light‐independent inorganic carbon uptake, mainly based on chemosynthesis, using energy yields from redox reactions. The quantification of microbial biomass production, including DCF, heterotrophic production (HP), gross primary production (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (ER) in lotic aquatic systems, has long yet to be addressed. Here, we investigate HP and DCF in water, sediment, and litter in addition to GPP and ER from streams in pristine rainforests in three distinct sub‐basins of the Amazon River, assessing the variety of turbid, black, and clear waters. We observed mean (min–max) values of microbial biomass production of about 0.1 (0.02–1.2), 3.2 (0.8–14.1), and 0.1 (0.02–0.5) mg C m−2 h−1 in water, sediment, and litter samples, in which DCF : HP showed mean (min–max) values of 0.5 (0.2–2), 0.02 (0.001–0.07), and 0.2 (0.001–0.5). Hence, measurements yielded DCF of similar magnitude as HP in water and litter but significantly lower in sediment, indicating that DCF supplied more carbon to planktonic and litter microbes than in top sediments of streams. Literature comparisons show similar DCF and GPP, both being lower than ER in streams. Finally, we found stream DCF higher than in lentic systems, suggesting that flow and turbulence may accelerate chemosynthesis.
Clustering‐Triggered Emission Liquid Crystalline Polymer Bearing Cholesterol: Tunable Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Zhou Mengdie , Zhang Jiafan , Chen Yueyue , Chen Zhong , Yuan Yongjie , Gong Yongyang , Zhang Hailiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCircularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials with clustering‐triggered emission (CTE) characteristic have gradually attracted attention for their unique photophysical properties. However, the majority of reported clusteroluminogens lack chirality and exhibit heterogeneity, making it challenging to achieve a well‐defined helical structure necessary for efficient CPL with high dissymmetry factor (glum). In this paper, chiral liquid crystals are constructed to obtain CTE‐based CPL materials with high glum values. Side chain liquid crystal polymer PM6Chol bearing cholesterol clusteroluminogens are designed and synthesized. PM6Chol‐coated film and PM6Chol thermal‐treated film are also successfully prepared by different film‐forming methods. Both the films inherit the CTE characteristic of cholesterol and show excitation wavelength‐dependent luminescent behavior. However, the two polymer films exhibit different liquid crystal phase structures, with PM6Chol‐coated film being a chiral bilayer smectic C phase and PM6Chol thermal‐treated film being an achiral bilayer smectic A phase. Attributed to helical arrangement of cholesterol, PM6Chol‐coated film emits efficient CPL with glum values up to 1.0 × 10−1. For PM6Chol thermal‐treated film, no CPL signal is detected due to the absence of helical structure. However, it shows obvious room‐temperature phosphorescence with 2.0 s afterglow and 23.9 ms lifetime.
Dynamic interactions between Candida albicans and different streptococcal species in a multispecies oral biofilm
Authors: Lueyar Tenzin Kunchok , Karygianni Lamprini , Attin Thomas , Thurnheer Thomas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe oral cavity is colonized by a plethora of bacteria, fungi, and archaea, including streptococci of the mitis group (MSG) and the yeast Candida albicans. This study aims to investigate the role of streptococcal species in the development of oral biofilm and the cross‐kingdom interactions between some of the members of the commensal MSG and the pathogen yeast C. albicans using a multispecies supragingival biofilm model. A total of nine different in vitro biofilms were grown, quantified with culture analyses, and visually examined with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). A four‐species biofilm without any streptococcal species was used as a basic biofilm. In each subsequent inoculum, one species of MSG was added and afterward combined with Streptococcus mutans. The eight‐species biofilm contained all eight strains used in this study. Culture analyses showed that the presence of S. mutans in a four‐species biofilm with Streptococcus oralis or S. oralis subsp. tigurinus did not differ significantly in C. albicans colony‐forming unit (CFU) counts compared to biofilms without S. mutans. However, compared to other mitis species, Streptococcus gordonii combined with S. mutans resulted in the lowest CFUs of C. albicans. Visual observation by CLSM showed that biofilms containing both S. mutans and one species of MSG seemed to induce the formation of filamentous form of C. albicans. However, when several species of MSG were combined with S. mutans, C. albicans was again found in its yeast form.
PKMYT1 induced by YAP/TEAD1 gives rise to the progression and worse prognosis of bladder cancer
Authors: Wang Maoyu , Zhang Chen , Ying Yidie , Hua Meimian , Meng Fang , Wang Ziwei , Liu Anwei , Zeng Shuxiong , Zhang Zhensheng , Xu Chuanliang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProtein kinase, membrane‐associated tyrosine/threonine 1 (PKMYT1), which is associated with progression of tumor, is upregulated in a variety of cancers. However, its expression and the underlying molecular mechanisms in the context of bladder cancer (BLCA) remain elusive. Here we found that PKMYT1 expression was markedly higher expression in BLCA, which was correlated with poorer prognosis compared with low expression. Knockdown of PKMYT1 significantly inhibited the BLCA cells proliferation in vivo and in vitro, and migration and invasion, reduced G2/M phase in cell cycle and induced apoptosis. Mechanically, YAP and TEAD1 knockdown suppressed PKMYT1 expression in BLCA cells, whereas overexpression of YAP upregulated PKMYT1 expression and YAP prompted PKMYT1 transcriptional expression via TEAD1‐mediated direct binding to PKMYT1 promotor. Collectively, these findings suggest that PKMYT1, functioning as a direct gene target regulated by YAP/TEAD1, could serve as a potential indicator of progression and prognosis in BLCA. Further, PKMYT1 could serve as a novel therapeutic target for BLCA.
IAEA/WHO postal dosimetry audit methodology for electron beams using radio photoluminescent dosimeters
Authors: Dimitriadis Alexis , Kazantsev Pavel , Chelminski Krzysztof , Titovich Egor , Naida Ekaterina , Magnus Talent , Meghzifene Ahmed , Azangwe Godfrey , Carrara Mauro , Swamidas Jamema 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndependent dosimetry audits are an important intervention in radiotherapy for quality assurance. Electron beams, used for superficial radiotherapy treatments, must also be tested in dosimetry audits as part of a good quality assurance program to help prevent clinical errors.PurposeTo establish a new service for IAEA/WHO postal dosimetry audits in electron beams using RPL dosimeters.MethodsA novel postal audit methodology employing a PMMA holder system for RPLDs was developed. The associated correction factors including holder dependence, energy dependence, dose response non‐linearity, and fading were obtained and tested in a multi‐center (n = 12) pilot study. A measurement uncertainty budget was estimated and employed in analyzing the irradiated dosimeters.ResultsHolder and energy correction factors ranged from 1.004 to 1.010 and 1.019 to 1.059 respectively across the energy range. The non‐linearity and fading correction models used for photon beams were tested in electron beams and did not significantly increase measurement uncertainty. The mean dose ratio ± SD of the multi‐center study was 1.001 ± 0.011. The overall uncertainty budget was estimated as ± 1.42% (k = 1).ConclusionsA methodology for IAEA/WHO postal dosimetry audits in electron beams was developed and validated in a multi‐center study and is now made available to radiotherapy centers as a routine service.
Do we really know if they are in pain? A cross‐sectional study in hospitalised adult patients in Spain
Authors: Lorenzo Allegue Laura , Laredo Velasco Leonor , Recio Vivas Ana María , Mansilla Domínguez José Miguel , Moñino Ruiz Pedro , Rey Luz Bueno , Font‐Jiménez Isabel , Vargas Castrillón Emilio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsTo describe the prevalence and characteristics of pain in adult hospitalised patients, as well as to analyse the concordance between patient‐reported and recorded pain and its impact on analgesic management.DesignA cross sectional study.MethodsThe study was performed on a sample of 611 patients, from October to December 2017. Data were obtained from patient interviews, review of medical and nursing records and review of electronic prescribing.ResultsThe prevalence of pain at the time of the interview was 36.7%. The median VAS score was 4. 90% of the patients had their pain assessed within the last 24 h; however, concordance between patient‐reported pain and recorded pain in the nursing record was slight.ConclusionPain is still often documented inadequately. Despite the wide use of analgesics, half of the patients with moderate to severe pain do not have adequate pain management. A systematic assessment and recording of pain promotes appropriate analgesic prescription.Implications for the profession and patient careThe findings of our study provide insight into the main gaps in the correct management of pain in hospitalised patients. A systematic assessment and recording of the pain suffered by the patient facilitates its control and allows a better management of the analgesic prescription by the physician. This information could help hospital managers to develop training programmes on pain assessment and on the importance of doctor–nurse collaboration to improve pain management, increasing the quality of care and reducing hospital costs.Reporting methodThe study has adhered to the relevant EQUATOR guidelines, according to The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies.
“The constant worry”: Urinary incontinence self‐management in rural women: A qualitative study
Authors: Klein Abbey Jo , Eisenhauer Christine , Mollard Elizabeth , Alappattu Meryl , Shade Marcia Y. , Struwe Leeza , Berger Ann M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUrinary incontinence (UI) is experienced by approximately 60% of women in the United States and has a negative impact on self‐esteem, sexual function, social participation, and quality of life. Rural women, who are underrepresented in the UI literature, face many health disparities and unique barriers to accessing care. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore UI self‐management behaviors in rural women with UI, including the contextual factors that influence their approach to self‐management. This study recruited rural women, ages 30−60 years, using purposive sampling via social media. Demographic information was collected. A semi‐structured interview guide was used to conduct individual, in‐depth interviews via Zoom. Interview data were analyzed using qualitative description. Sections of interview text were coded using a priori and emergent codes, grouped into categories, and distilled into themes. A total of 31 participants (mean age = 47.2 years) met inclusion/exclusion criteria, enrolled, and completed the study. Qualitative analysis revealed rural as a cross‐cutting theme and five major themes: self‐management behaviors, familial influence, medical encounters, talking about UI, and resource scarcity. Participants described the rural environment as having a substantial impact on their approach to UI self‐management. Specifically, rural social enmeshment made seeking care for UI in rural communities challenging. Findings shed light on how the rural environment influences various aspects of UI self‐management in midlife women. Diverse perspectives in UI self‐management are needed to advance knowledge in this field.
A volumetric heat source model for the approximation of the melting pool in laser beam welding
Authors: Hartwig Philipp , Scheunemann Lisa , Schröder Jörg 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLaser beam welding is a metal fusion technique that, with its high advance speed and low thermal distortion, is used more frequently nowadays in industry. During welding, the solidification front is located in the so‐called mushy zone, which forms the transition region between the completely solidified and mixture zone of solid and fluid material behind the laser beam. In this zone, various process parameters can lead to the formation of included melt areas that may cause cracking when they solidify and shrink. The properties of the solidification region are influenced by several parameters. Factors such as welding speed, temperature gradient, and chemical composition affect the likelihood of solidification cracking. To study the heat affected zone more accurately, different models describing the melting pool in finite element approaches using a heat source are discussed. The goal is to develop a volumetric heat source model based on the conical model, which closely represents the temperature distribution illustrated by the Lamé curves. Boundary value problems are presented to showcase the results.
Economic fatigue damage monitoring for vehicle fleets using the scattering transform
Authors: Heindel Leonhard , Wendrock Fabian , Hantschke Peter , Kästner Markus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVehicle monitoring is an important prequisite for predictive maintenance applications. Virtual sensors can be deployed to establish relationships between fatigue related quantities of interest and readily available measurement data, which reduces the costs of monitoring for vehicle fleets. This work describes a data‐driven virtual sensing approach using the scattering transform and principal component analysis. These data transformations are used to obtain a reduced representation of acceleration data, which is suitable for the identification of fatigue critical events during vehicle operation. Results of a previous study using an eBike demonstrator are summarized and the methodology is applied to experimental data of a sensor equipped light rail vehicle. In both applications, fictitious fatigue damage contributions are estimated accurately and physical interpretations of the reduced representation are found.
Identification of obstructive sleep apnea in children with obesity: A cluster analysis approach
Authors: Gatt Dvir , Ahmadiankalati Mojtaba , Voutsas Giorge , Katz Sherri , Lu Zihang , Narang Indra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a heterogeneous disorder with a prevalence of 25%–60% in children with obesity. There is a lack of diagnostic tools to identify those at high risk for OSA.MethodChildren with obesity, aged 8–19 years old, were enrolled into an ongoing multicenter, prospective cohort study related to OSA. We performed k‐means cluster analysis to identify clinical variables which could help identify obesity related OSA.ResultsIn this study, 118 participants were included in the analysis; 40.7% were diagnosed with OSA, 46.6% were female and the mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) and age were 39.7 (9.6) Kg/m², and 14.4 (2.6) years, respectively. The mean (SD) obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index (OAHI) was 11.0 (21.1) events/h. We identified two distinct clusters based on three clustering variables (age, BMI z‐score, and neck‐height ratio [NHR]). The prevalence of OSA in clusters 1 and 2, were 22.4% and 58.3% (p = 0.001), respectively. Children in cluster 2, in comparison to cluster 1, had higher BMI z‐score (4.7 (1.1) versus 3.2 (0.7), p < 0.001), higher NHR (0.3 (0.02) versus 0.2 (0.01), p < 0.001) and were older (15.0 (2.2) versus 13.7 (2.9) years, p = 0.09), respectively. However, there were no significant differences in sex and OSA symptoms between the clusters. The results from hierarchical clustering were similar to k‐means analysis suggesting that the resulting OSA clusters were stable to different analysis approaches.InterpretationBMI, NHR, and age are easily obtained in a clinical setting and can be utilized to identify children at high risk for OSA.
Maternal high intake of vitamin B12 and folate reduces the risk of adverse birth outcomes among HIV negative pregnant women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Lweno Omar N. , Kalinjuma Aneth V. , Hertzmark Ellen , Noor Ramadhani A. , Urassa Willy , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPoor dietary intake of vitamin B12 and folate before and during pregnancy has been associated with adverse birth outcomes. This relationship has not been rigorously evaluated in Tanzania. We performed secondary analyses of data collected during the perinatal study, a double‐blind trial that investigated the effect of vitamin supplements on perinatal outcomes in Tanzania between 2001 and 2004. In this analysis, we used log‐binomial models to investigate the adequacy of vitamin B12 and folate intake among 7633 mothers and the association of vitamin B12 and folate intake during pregnancy with low birth weight, preterm birth (PTB), small for gestational age and foetal death. Sixty‐seven percent of women had vitamin B12 intake below the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) of 2.6 mcg for pregnant women, and 98% of women had folate intake below the RDA of 600 mcg for pregnant women. Compared with women in the lowest tertile of vitamin B12 intake women in the highest tertile were 26% less likely to have PTB (relative risk [RR] = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65, 0.84) and 36% less likely to have severe PTB (RR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.83). Compared with women in the lowest tertile of folate intake women in the highest tertile were 21% less likely to have PTB (RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.89) and 21% less likely to have severe PTB (RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.89). The provision of an adequate supply of these nutrients before and during pregnancy would improve pregnancy outcomes in Tanzania.
Adaptive boundary observer network design for the consensus on the estimation of a class of parabolic partial differential equation systems
Authors: Cai Mingxing , Yuan Yuan , Luo Biao , Xu Xiaodong , Dubljevic Stevan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis work develops a network of adaptive boundary observers and studies the agreement between state and parameter estimates for a single target parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) system in the presence of structured and unstructured uncertainties. It is assumed that the unknown parameters take the form of either a structured uncertainty with unknown constant parameters or an unstructured uncertainty that can be neutralized by a radial basis function neural networks with unknown weights. The proposed adaptive observers consisting of agents in the network follow the structure of adaptive identifiers for the considered target PDE systems with the insertion of a penalty term in both the state and parameter estimates. Different from earlier efforts, the proposed adaptive laws include a penalty term of the mismatch between the parameter and state estimates generated by the other adjacent agents, which helps to accelerate the estimation of uncertainties. Additionally, the effects of these modifications on the agreement amongst the state and parameter estimates are investigated. Theoretical proofs are provided to show that the proposed approach guarantees the exponential convergence of estimation errors in the case of structured uncertainties and the ultimate boundedness of estimation errors in the case of unstructured uncertainties. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the design methods.