bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare professional views of a diabetes review postal box: A qualitative study
Authors: Colley Jack , Holt Sian , Smith Lucy , Simpson Glenn , Dambha‐Miller Hajira , Price Hermione 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundNon‐attendance at diabetes appointments is common, 1–4 and associated with higher HbA1c levels, reduced medication taking, and increased complications. 1–45 Barriers to attendance are multifactorial including both logistical and psychosocial factors. 6–11 A proposed solution is the implementation of a postal diabetes annual review box enabling self‐collection of blood and urine samples, and measurement of blood pressure and weight.AimTo explore the views of Healthcare Professionals (HCPs) who are involved in the organisation or delivery of diabetes care regarding the acceptability and implementation of a postal box as part of the diabetes annual review.MethodWe conducted a qualitative study recruiting HCPs into semi‐structured interviews and focus groups. Collected data were analysed using an inductive approach and following the principles of reflexive thematic analysis12.ResultsTwenty‐one HCPs participated in the study. HCPs felt that a postal box could overcome many individual and service factors contributing to non‐attendance. They felt the box could encourage self‐management behaviours and could be used as a tool for communication. HCPs recognised that the postal box could free up time in appointments to focus on holistic care delivery without further stretching limited resources. HCPs were concerned about the possible additional administrative burden a postal box might create, and the public perception of an intervention which could reduce face‐to‐face care.ConclusionHealthcare professionals seem receptive to the idea of a postal diabetes annual review box and feel it has the potential to offer people with diabetes an improved quality of care.
Integrating Generative AI in Dental Education: A Scoping Review of Current Practices and Recommendations
Authors: Uribe Sergio E. , Maldupa Ilze , Schwendicke Falk 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundGenerative AI (GenAI) tools like ChatGPT are increasingly relevant in dental education, offering potential enhancements in personalised learning and clinical reasoning. However, specific guidance from dental institutions remains unexplored.AimTo identify, analyse and summarise existing guidelines from universities and organisations on using GenAI in dental education, focusing on recommendations for academic staff.MethodsA scoping review (10.17605/OSF.IO/3XMP7) searched for GenAI guidance on university websites, search engines (Google Search, Scholar, Perplexity and PubMed) and through contacting relevant academics (January 2022 to June 2024). Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data, including implementation details, AI tools and permitted/prohibited uses. Thematic analysis revealed common applications, benefits, challenges and recommendations.ResultsThirty‐one unique documents were included from 21 universities in 15 countries and three international organisations. Thematic analysis identified common applications, benefits, challenges and recommendations for integrating GenAI, including facilitating teaching and learning, personalised learning, efficient content creation and encouraging critical thinking. However, challenges such as academic integrity, ethical use, bias and privacy issues were also identified. No dental education‐specific guidelines were found.ConclusionThis review identified and summarised existing GenAI guidelines from universities and organisations relevant to dental education. The guidelines emphasise ethical use, transparency, academic integrity, secure environments and AI misuse detection tools. However, the absence of dental specific guidance presents an opportunity to fill this gap, providing recommendations for academic staff to integrate GenAI effectively while promoting critical thinking and responsible AI use.
Cultural and Psychological Dynamics in School Leadership: The Moderating Role of Trust in the Relationship Between Teachers' Cultural Values and Their Expectations for Paternalistic Leadership
Authors: Polatcan Mahmut , Bellibaş Mehmet Şükrü , Apaydın Çiğdem 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough a growing body of theoretical work indicated that the cultural orientation of societies shapes their understanding of leadership, there is a lack of empirical research to explore how individual cultural value orientations shape teachers' expectations for school leadership. This empirical research addresses this gap by examining the relationship between teachers' cultural value tendencies and their expectations for principals' paternalistic leadership behaviours, considering the moderating role of trust in the principal. This study analysed data collected from 738 teachers in Türkiye, employing a moderated structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. The results indicate that teachers' cultural value orientations are significantly related to their paternalistic leadership expectations, meaning that teachers who indicate that they are more collectivist, feminine, short‐term orientated, avoidant of uncertainty, and open to power distance tend to expect their principals to exert stronger paternalistic leadership practices. Additionally, we found a significant moderating role of teachers' trust in the principal, suggesting that higher trust levels strengthen the relationship between cultural values and paternalistic leadership expectations. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of cultural and psychological dynamics in schools, especially concerning the role of individual cultural value dispositions and trust influencing the extent to which teachers desire their principals to demonstrate paternalist leadership behaviours.
Artificial Intelligence‐Supported Student Engagement Research: Text Mining and Systematic Analysis
Authors: Chen Xieling , Xie Haoran , Qin S. Joe , Wang Fu Lee , Hou Yinan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTArtificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly exploited to promote student engagement. This study combined topic modelling, keyword analysis, trend test and systematic analysis methodologies to analyse AI‐supported student engagement (AIsE) studies regarding research keywords and topics, AI roles, AI systems and algorithms, methods and domains, samples and outcomes. Findings included the following: (1) frequent‐used and emerging keywords comprised ‘machine learning’, ‘artificial intelligence chatbot’ and ‘collaborative knowledge building’. (2) Frequently studied topics included ‘AI for MOOCs and self‐regulated learning’ and ‘affective computing and emotional engagement’. (3) Most studies adopted intelligent tutoring systems, traditional machine learning methods and natural language processing. (4) Emotional engagement regarding affective or psychological states among college students received the most attention. (5) Most studies adopted quantitative approaches and concerned computer science and language education. Accordingly, we highlighted AI's roles as tutors, advisors, partners, tutees and regulators for behavioural, cognitive and emotional engagement to inspire AI's effective integration into education.
Effectiveness of Social Practice Approach for Academic Achievement of Adult Learners in Basic Literacy: A Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Noreen Sidra , Iqbal Zafar 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study explores the effectiveness of social practice approach by integrating social practices along with modern teaching strategies, and teacher training to address the challenge of low academic achievement among adult learners in basic literacy programs. For a 4‐month experiment, two of a metropolitan city's fourteen adult literacy centres were chosen as intact groups. There were 35 adult learners in each group, which included a control group and an experimental group. A mixed‐methods study design was employed to experimentally ascertain the impact of social practices along with modern teaching strategies, and teacher training on learners' academic attainment and explore the underlying elements influencing this effect. While the control group got conventional teaching utilising a literacy book and a chalkboard, the experimental group's literacy activities were incorporated into their daily tasks as adult learners. For quantitative data, a pre‐test and post‐test based on worksheets with items pertaining to the social setting and daily chores were used to gather data from both groups. For qualitative data, 10 learners from the experimental group were interviewed to obtain a better understanding of how the social practice approach had improved their academic achievement. Thematic analysis was used to examine the qualitative data, while independent‐sample t tests were used to assess the quantitative data. According to the results, the experimental group outperformed the control group in terms of knowledge, comprehension, and application. The experimental group's learners credited their improved academic achievement to the regular practice of acquired skills in the classroom and in real‐world scenarios, as well as to interactive, engaging, and everyday reading exercises. This study emphasises the need for socially inclusive and contextually relevant adult literacy programs in by integrating real‐world issues and fostering collaboration among various stakeholders. It also highlights the importance of active community involvement in the design and implementation of literacy programs, as this approach can enhance educational opportunities, address disparities, and ensure that the programs are relevant to the needs of local populations.
Experience of AI‐Based Digital Intervention in Professional Education in Rural China: Digital Competencies and Academic Self‐Efficacy
Authors: Wang Hongming 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRural regions in China grapple with discernible disparities in the development of professional education compared with urban areas. This research aims to integrate a digital program based on artificial intelligence to enhance the professional education of rural youth under the influence of globalisation and digitization. The study involved 44 students from Yangjiagou High School in Henan province, China. Simultaneously, the DigComp 2.0 assessment scale was employed to measure the dynamics of digital competencies, and a scale of general academic self‐efficacy was used to examine respondents' self‐efficacy. The analysis results indicate a positive impact of the program on students' digital skills and academic self‐efficacy. Mean values significantly increased, and the results of the two‐sample F‐test for variance confirm significant differences between pre‐ and post‐program outcomes. This study holds significant practical implications, suggesting that the implementation of an artificial intelligence‐based digital program contributes to the improvement of students' digital skills and academic self‐efficacy.
Geopolitical risk, uncertainty, real options, and corporate social responsibility
Authors: Chowdhury Md Shahedur R. , Koussis Nicos , Makrominas Michalis , Trigeorgis Lenos 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMotivated by intensified interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and with the backdrop of rising geopolitical risk (GPR), we examine the impact of news‐based GPR on CSR activities among US public firms between 1995 and 2019. In line with real options theory, we confirm a negative relationship between GPR and CSR, that the effect is more pronounced for more irreversible investments, and it is channeled through lower profitability, reduced cash flow and asymmetric information. We further assess the differential impact across resource and financial constraints, political regimes, multinational operations, pre‐existing levels of CSR, industry membership, and over time.
Decision Making on Caries Management in Children and Adolescents Among Thai Dentists
Authors: Ramayasinpong Kanyanan , Nakornchai Siriruk , Jirarattanasopha Varangkanar 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS) advocates for nonsurgical approaches in early carious lesions and minimally invasive restorations in advanced cases.AimThis study investigated Thai dentists' adherence to ICCMS guidelines for managing caries in children and adolescents and explored factors influencing their decisions.DesignA web‐based questionnaire collected demographic information and routine treatment preferences for various stages of carious lesions from participants. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were employed to examine relationships between management strategies and demographics.ResultsA total of 442 dentists participated. Their agreement with ICCMS guidelines for occlusal caries ICDAS 2, 3, and 4 in primary dentition was 39.6%, 53.9%, and 42.5%, respectively, and in permanent dentition was 34.4%, 46.8%, and 39.6%, respectively. The agreement rate with ICCMS guidelines for approximal caries RA1, RA2, RA3, and RB4 in primary dentition was 69.6%, 78.0%, 12.4%, and 99.5%, respectively, and in permanent dentition was 70.8%, 68.3%, 19.0%, and 97.7%, respectively. Factors associated with restorative treatment decisions included years since graduation, postgraduate education, and practice type.ConclusionsParticipants did not comply well with ICCMS recommendations for occlusal caries, some employed destructive techniques instead of noninvasive approaches. However, most participants followed ICCMS guidelines for approximal caries, except for RA3 stage.
Insights from the fructose‐derived product glucoselysine: Revisiting the polyol pathway in diabetic complications
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroko , Nagai Ryoji 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAdvanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) have been extensively studied because of their close association with the onset and progression of diabetic complications. However, owing to their formation through diverse metabolic pathways, AGEs often reflect a wide range of pathological conditions rather than being specific to diabetic complications. Consequently, identifying an AGE that directly correlates only with diabetic complications remains a challenge. Chronic hyperglycemia not only saturates the glycolytic pathway but also upregulates the polyol pathway, leading to the excessive production of fructose, a highly reactive reducing sugar. Although it has long been understood that fructose‐derived AGEs contribute to diabetic complications, their chemical structures remain unidentified. Recent breakthroughs have revealed that glucoselysine (GL) is a primary fructose‐specific AGE. Unlike other AGEs, GL is exclusively formed from fructose and not from other reducing sugars, such as glucose or galactose. This specificity provides GL with a distinct advantage in that its production pathway can be traced, making it a reliable indicator of polyol pathway activity. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that GL levels correlate with the progression of diabetic complications, including both micro‐ and macrovascular complications, making it a promising biomarker. GL's potential extends beyond diagnostics, as it may serve as a therapeutic target for managing complications associated with prolonged hyperglycemia and enhanced of polyol pathway. This review focuses on the enhanced polyol pathway and the formation of GL and discusses its biochemical characteristics, clinical significance, and potential as a novel diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in diabetic care.
The costs and healing rates of minor injuries in neonatal reef sharks
Authors: Debaere Shamil F. , Weideli Ornella C. , Daly Ryan , Milanesi Elena M. C. , Trujillo José E. , Bouyoucos Ian A. , Mourier Johann , Chin Andrew , Planes Serge , De Boeck Gudrun , Rummer Jodie L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractElasmobranch fishes (i.e., sharks, skates, and rays) exhibit remarkable wound‐healing capabilities and consistently maintain a high capacity for tissue regeneration throughout their lives. This high capacity for wound healing may be particularly important for neonatal elasmobranchs that are still developing their immune system. However, little is known about the costs associated with wound healing and the potential influence of environmental variables or life history. In this study, we explore (1) the impact of minor, external injuries on the growth and body condition of neonatal blacktip reef (Carcharhinus melanopterus) and sicklefin lemon (Negaprion acutidens) sharks using a long‐term fisheries‐independent dataset from Moorea, French Polynesia, (2) the influence of ambient temperature on healing rates in neonatal blacktip reef sharks at two experimental temperatures (25°C and 29°C), and (3) variations in umbilical wound‐healing rates between blacktip reef and sicklefin lemon sharks using an additional long‐term dataset from St. Joseph Atoll, Seychelles. We found no impact of minor, external injuries on growth and body condition in neonatal blacktip reef and sicklefin lemon sharks, accelerated umbilical wound healing in neonatal blacktip reef sharks exposed to elevated ambient temperatures, and distinct umbilical wound‐healing rates between neonatal blacktip reef and sicklefin lemon sharks. Enhancing our understanding of sharks' healing capabilities and the influence of environmental factors on this process is crucial for informing handling practices aimed at improving post‐release survival rates of captured sharks under current and future oceanic conditions.
Emerging Roles for MFG‐E8 in Synapse Elimination
Authors: Aviani Marisa G. , Menard Fred 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSynapse elimination is an essential process in the healthy nervous system and is dysregulated in many neuropathologies. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms and under what conditions they occur remain unclear. MFG‐E8 is a secreted glycoprotein well known to act as an opsonin, tagging stressed and dying cells for engulfment by phagocytes. Opsonization of cells and debris by MFG‐E8 for microglial phagocytosis in the CNS is well established, and its role in astrocytic phagocytosis, and trogocytosis‐like engulfment of synapses is beginning to be explored. However, MFG‐E8's function in other tissues is highly diverse, and evidence suggests that its role in the nervous system and on synapse elimination in particular may be more complex and varied than opsonization. In this review, we outline the documented direct and indirect effects of MFG‐E8 on synapse elimination, while also proposing potential roles to be explored further, in particular, cytoskeletal reorganization of neurites and glia leading to synapse elimination by various mechanisms. Finally, we demonstrate the need for several open questions to be answered—chiefly, under what conditions might MFG‐E8‐mediated synapse elimination occur in favor of other mechanisms, and when might its activity be dysregulated, increasing unwanted synapse elimination and neurotoxicity?image
Maternal cardiovascular dynamics in twin pregnancies complicated by twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Kotaki Hikari , Tachihara Mayu , Kamiya Mio , Shimabukuro Makiko , Sakuma Junya , Takano Mayumi , Nagasaki Sumito , Ohara Hiroshi , Nakata Masahiko 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimTwin pregnancies affect maternal circulation by increasing the circulating blood volume and enlarging the uterus due to excess amniotic fluid. Nevertheless, how twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) affects maternal circulation remains unclear. Our aim was to examine maternal circulation changes at TTTS onset.MethodsThis cohort study was conducted at the Toho University Omori Medical Center from October 2022 to September 2023. Patients were divided into three groups, singleton pregnancy (singleton), uncomplicated monochorionic diamniotic (MD) twin pregnancy (nMD), and TTTS groups. We prospectively collected echocardiographic data to evaluate the left ventricular function, left ventricular contractility, diastolic performance, and inferior vena cava diameter.ResultsThirty‐one, 17, and 18 patients were assigned to the singleton, nMD, and TTTS groups, respectively. The left ventricular end‐systolic volume (ESV) was significantly lower in the TTTS group than in the nMD group [ESV: 23.9 ± 9.2 mL vs. 13.3 ± 8.4 mL]. The left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (EDV) was no significant difference, but a decreasing trend in the TTTS group than in the nMD group. The left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower in the nMD group than in the TTTS group [72.2 ± 6.4% vs. 80.1 ± 5.9%]. The heart rate was significantly higher in the TTTS group than in the other two groups. Cardiac output was similar among the groups.ConclusionsMD twin pregnancy with TTTS may decrease circulating blood volumes. Maternal cardiac function may be adapted to compensate for cardiac output in patients with TTTS.
Embodied Cognition and the Structure of Personality: An Exploratory Study of Longitudinal Pathways From Early Psychomotor Function
Authors: Tsomokos Dimitris I. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo explore the developmental pathways linking infant psychomotor function with personality in late adolescence through cognitive, social, and self‐regulation skills. The broader research question, seen through the lens of embodied cognition, is whether cognition and personality in youth develop from basic sensorimotor and communicative systems in infancy.MethodThe sample included 9202 participants from a representative UK birth cohort. A structural equation model examined the prospective associations between motor and communicative functions at age 9 months, cognition, self‐regulation, and prosociality at 5 years, and the five‐factor model of personality at 17 years. The associations between psychomotor function and the meta‐traits of stability and plasticity were also explored.ResultsEven after controlling for confounders and correcting for multiple paths, there was robust evidence that psychomotor development significantly predicts personality structure, with indirect pathways mediated by self‐regulation skills and general or social cognitive skills in middle childhood. While infant communicative function was significantly associated with both meta‐traits, gross motor function was significantly associated with plasticity but not stability.ConclusionsEarly psychomotor function may have long‐term effects on personality, mediated by cognitive, social, and self‐regulation skills. This finding can inform the development of socio‐educational interventions and tailored curricula in early childhood education.