bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrathecal delivery of BDNF to the lumbar spinal cord modulates lumbar interneurons activity in a feline model of spinal cord injury
Authors: Paz Amaya J , Marchionne F , Krupka A J , Duong T , Lemay M A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. In the present study, we examined the correlations between the recovery of stepping obtained with intrathecal brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) delivery to the lumbar spinal cord and the firing of the lumbar spinal interneurons in a feline model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Approach. In-vivo extracellular recordings of spinal neurons were conducted using two 64-channel microelectrode arrays inserted in the intermediate zone of the L3–L7 segments of cats spinalized at the T11–T12 level that received either saline or BDNF delivered intrathecally to the lumbar cisterna via an implanted minipump. Interneuronal activity was explored in terms of averaged neuronal firing properties and in terms of spike train interactions. Main results. With respect to averaged neuronal firing properties, we observed a significant increase in firing frequency in BNDF-treated animals and a similar distribution of the units’ preferred phase of firing relative to the step cycle between the groups. With respect to spike train interactions, we observed higher synchrony of firing in BDNF-treated animals as well as less dependency on the unit’s past firing. Significance. Studies conducted in feline models of complete SCI show a gradual recovery of hindlimb stepping after intensive treadmill training. Similarly, delivery of neurotrophins such as BDNF or neurotrophin-3 to the injury site via cellular transplant or via implantable mini-pump to the lumbar cisterna has been shown to promote recovery of locomotor behavior in the absence of locomotor training. The results from this study suggest that BDNF treatment sets the overall population in a state of high excitability, which along with higher synchrony and ensemble-dependent behavior, allows for the proper integration of cutaneous and proprioceptive input resulting in treadmill locomotor recovery after SCI.
Hydrodynamics and operating force characteristics of sector gate during dynamic water closure
Authors: Zhang Shouyuan , Wang Xin , Ma Haitao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The design of sector gates is contingent upon the operating capacity, which represents a critical focus in gate design. Analyzing the characteristics of the operating force during operation is essential for evaluating the operating capacity of the gate. The study focuses on the hydrodynamic characteristics and operating force of sector gates during the dynamic water closure process. Through a comparative analysis of a 1:20 scale physical model and a three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction numerical model, the development and dissipation of vortices during gate closure are revealed. The results show that the operating force is closely related to the hydraulic characteristics of the gate recess, reaching the maximum at small relative gate openings. The chamber flow velocity significantly affects the operating force, while the effect of submergence depth is minimal. This research provides hydrodynamic data support for the design and operation of sector gates.
Analysis of the hydrodynamic performance and influencing factors of pod propellers
Authors: Luo Yongfu , Hu Yi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As one of the main forms of propulsion for electric propulsion ships, the pod thruster has both propulsion and maneuvering functions, can achieve 360° full rotation in the horizontal plane, and has become the mainstream thruster for cruise ships, oceanographic research ships, icebreakers, and other ships. To explore the changes in the hydrodynamic performance of pod propellers under different structural parameters, numerical simulations were conducted using the RANS method and the standard κ-ε turbulence model in Fluent software. The findings show that the numerical simulation method used in this study can effectively predict the hydrodynamic performance of pod propellers, with the error between simulation and experimental results within an acceptable range. Without changing the model’s structural parameters, the thrust and torque coefficients of the pod propeller gradually decrease as the advance coefficient increases, while the open water efficiency first increases and then decreases, peaking at J = 0.8. When the model’s structural parameters are modified, the pitch ratio has a significant effect on the hydrodynamics of the pod propeller, whereas the rake angle and aft taper angle have lesser impacts.
Efficient synthesis of ultra-high molecular weight poly-α-olefins and its drag reduction performance
Authors: Ma Xiaoliang , Deng Yufa , Huang Jiong , Yang Zhijun , Li Wei , Xu Xinyue , Lu Weidong , Liang Shijia , Zhang Shuxin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Drag reducers have been widely used in crude oil pipeline transportation to increase oil throughput, save energy, and reduce costs. How to increase the drag reduction rate is a research hotspot currently. Using 1-octene and 1-decene as raw materials and employing a homemade titanium-based metal catalyst, triethylaluminum, and methylcyclohexyl dimethoxysilane as the catalytic system, this study explored the optimal preparation conditions for poly-α-olefins. The experimental results demonstrated that as reaction time increased, both the monomer conversion efficiency and the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the product also increased However, with increasing reaction temperature, both the monomer conversion efficiency and the product’s weight-average molecular weight gradually decreased. At a reaction temperature of -10°C, a reaction time of 12 h, and a molar ratio of 1-octene to 1-decene of 1:1, the monomer conversion efficiency reached 98.9%, and the weight-average molecular weight of the product was 5.97 × 106. Characterization methods such as FT-IR, GPC, XRD, DSC, and TGA demonstrated that the synthesized poly-α-olefin had an ultra-high molecular weight, was amorphous, and had a high thermal decomposition temperature. Loop flow tests indicated that the drag reduction efficiency of poly-α-olefins progressively increased with molecular weight. Compared to commercial drag reducers, the poly-α-olefins synthesized in this study achieved the highest drag reduction rate (50.32%), with the product exhibiting superior drag reduction performance.
Demonstrator system testing and performance for the ATLAS ITk pixel detector for HL-LHC
Authors: Khwaira Y. ,   the ATLAS ITK Pixel group
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A demonstrator for each slice of the ATLAS pixel detector was built to replicate the real detector and provide early solutions for operating and maintaining its components. This system-level testing of the all-silicon Inner Tracker (ITk) pixel detector for the ATLAS experiment at CERN's HL-LHC encompasses a wide array of system components, which is essential for managing the increased luminosity and radiation levels expected at HL-LHC, thereby enhancing tracking performance. Utilizing advanced silicon sensor technologies, serial powering, and lightweight carbon fiber structures, the demonstrator and assembled components on the support structure will undergo several studies for verification and commissioning. Extensive tests on serial powering, monitoring, and data acquisition were conducted, ensuring the system's robustness and reliability for future high-energy physics experiments. Additionally, three different sub-components will be introduced for the novel ITk pixel detector, specifically designed for the outer barrel (OB), outer end caps (OEC), and inner system (IS) sections.
Observational evidence for arrival and development of Karenia spp. in the Pacific waters off southeast Hokkaido, Japan in 2021
Authors: Taniuchi Yukiko , Kuroda Hiroshi , Kuwata Akira , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Ohnishi Takuya , Kasai Hiromi , Azumaya Tomonori , Nakanowatari Takuya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In September 2021, unprecedented large-scale harmful algal blooms (HABs), primarily composed of Karenia spp., occurred in the southeastern coastal area of Hokkaido (Japan), and had drastic impacts on both the coastal ecosystem and the local fishery industry. So far, the possible sources of causal species and the trigger of the HABs occurrence have been proposed, but there is no direct observational evidence for the arrival and initial development of Karenia spp. before the blooms. In this study, we examined the arrival time and inferred the origin of Karenia spp. in terms of water mass properties by analyzing the in situ monitoring data over the past several years. Microscope analysis to estimate phytoplankton abundances revealed that Karenia spp. emerges in the offshore region of southeastern coastal area of Hokkaido in May, and the substantial amount distributes in early July, and then the HABs occurred in October. In July, Karenia spp. was detected primarily in surface layer of Oyashio water, and that the largest abundance tended to be around 15 °C seawater temperature. We also found that the abundances of major diatom taxa were at quite low level in early July 2021 just before the intensive and extensive marine heatwaves occurred and the decline was maintained to the blooms during October in the continental shelf area which is the hotspot of the HABs 2021. These results suggest that the decline of major diatom taxa cannot be explained solely by marine heatwaves that occurred from mid-July to early August 2021 and raise the possibility of transfer of Karenia spp. from Oyashio water to modified Soya Warm Current water between early July and October.
The Racial or Color Identity Determinants of Japanese Brazilians and Jewish Brazilians
Authors: Ju Angela 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter engages statistical analysis of government survey data to evaluate how Jewish- and Japanese-heritage Brazilians identify racially and the determinants of racial identity. In addition to findings that the majority of Jewish Brazilians identify as “White” and the majority of Japanese Brazilians identify as “Yellow,” the chapter evaluates the nuances of the determinants of racial identity. This chapter sheds some light onto what factors influence how Japanese Brazilians and Jewish Brazilians choose to identify. These factors include education, age, and income. Brazilians of Japanese origin who were more educated, had higher incomes, and were older were more likely to identify as “non-White” as opposed to “White.” In contrast, Brazilians of Jewish origin who were older and who had higher incomes were more likely to identify as “White” as opposed to “non-White.”
Leveraging Identities in Brazil
Authors: Ju Angela 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter argues that experiences of racial or ethnic discrimination activate the identity that experiences discrimination and, based on this relevant identity, members of this group engage politically in a way that emphasizes this identity. A central paradox presented in this chapter is that while the majority of Jews in Brazil identify as “White” and have a higher racial status than Japanese Brazilians, the majority of whom identify as “Yellow,” Japanese Brazilians have a higher post-abolition immigrant group status than Jewish Brazilians on public opinion polls. This paradox is consistent with social identity theory, and it explains the higher propensity for ethnic voting among Jewish Brazilian interviewees when compared to Japanese Brazilian interviewees and the greater support for racial quota programs among Japanese Brazilian interviewees when compared to Jewish Brazilian interviewees.
Incidence trends of pediatric psoriasis in 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Jin Ling , Yang Jingyi , Wan Pengjie , Cheng Ying 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Pediatric psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that poses unique challenges in diagnosis and management. While studies from high-income countries have reported rising incidence trends, global data on the incidence of pediatric psoriasis remain scarce.

Objective
To provide a comprehensive description of pediatric psoriasis incidence at the global, regional, and national levels.

Method
We analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to evaluate the incidence trends of pediatric psoriasis from 1990 to 2021. Incidence rates were stratified by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to quantify the temporal trends.

Results
In 2021, there were 664,100 cases of pediatric psoriasis globally, with an incidence rate of 33.0 per 100,000 children. Over the study period, the global incidence increased by 0.21% (95% CI 0.18–0.25%) per year, with more pronounced rises observed in low- and middle-SDI regions. The highest incidence rates were recorded in high-SDI regions, such as High-income North America (70.5 per 100,000) and Western Europe (67.5 per 100,000). Notably, the largest increases in incidence occurred in regions like Sub-Saharan Africa. At the national level, 189 countries/territories experienced significant increases in pediatric psoriasis incidence, while only five countries saw a decline. Incidence was higher in girls across all age groups, with the most pronounced rise in children under 5 years old.

Conclusions
The incidence of pediatric psoriasis has significantly increased, particularly in low- and middle-SDI regions, underscoring the need for improved diagnosis, early intervention, and targeted public health strategies.
Long-COVID incidence proportion in adults and children between 2020 and 2024
Authors: Mandel Hannah , Yoo Yun J , Allen Andrea J , Abedian Sajjad , Verzani Zoe , Karlson Elizabeth W , Kleinman Lawrence C , Mudumbi Praveen C , Oliveira Carlos R , Muszynski Jennifer A , Gross Rachel S , Carton Thomas W , Kim C , Taylor Emily , Park Heekyong , Divers Jasmin , Kelly J Daniel , Arnold Jonathan , Geary Carol Reynolds , Zang Chengxi , Tantisira Kelan G , Rhee Kyung E , Koropsak Michael , Mohandas Sindhu , Vasey Andrew , Mohammad Mosa Abu Saleh , Haendel Melissa , Chute Christopher G , Murphy Shawn N , O'Brien Lisa , Szmuszkovicz Jacqueline , Guthe Nicholas , Santana Jorge L , De Aliva , Bogie Amanda L , Halabi Katia C , Mohanraj Lathika , Kinser Patricia A , Packard Samuel E , Tuttle Katherine R , Hirabayashi Kathryn , Kaushal Rainu , Pfaff Emily , Weiner Mark G , Thorpe Lorna E , Moffitt Richard A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Incidence estimates of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, also known as long-COVID, have varied across studies and changed over time. We estimated long-COVID incidence among adult and pediatric populations in three nationwide research networks of electronic health records (EHR) participating in the RECOVER Initiative using different classification algorithms (computable phenotypes).

Methods
This EHR-based retrospective cohort study included adult and pediatric patients with documented acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and two control groups-- contemporary COVID-19 negative and historical patients (2019). We examined the proportion of individuals identified as having symptoms or conditions consistent with probable long-COVID within 30-180 days after COVID-19 infection (incidence proportion). Each network (the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet), and PEDSnet) implemented its own long-COVID definition. We introduced a harmonized definition for adults in a supplementary analysis.

Results
Overall, 4% of children and 10-26% of adults developed long-COVID, depending on computable phenotype used. Excess incidence among SARS-CoV-2 patients was 1.5% in children and ranged from 5-6% among adults, representing a lower-bound incidence estimation based on our control groups. Temporal patterns were consistent across networks, with peaks associated with introduction of new viral variants.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that preventing and mitigating long-COVID remains a public health priority. Examining temporal patterns and risk factors of long-COVID incidence informs our understanding of etiology and can improve prevention and management.
TumorAgDB1.0: tumor neoantigen database platform
Authors: Shao Yan , Gao Yang , Wu Ling-Yu , Ge Shu-Guang , Wen Peng-Bo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With the continuous advancements in cancer immunotherapy, neoantigen-based therapies have demonstrated remarkable clinical efficacy. However, accurately predicting the immunogenicity of neoantigens remains a significant challenge. This is mainly due to two core factors: the scarcity of high-quality neoantigen datasets and the limited prediction accuracy of existing immunogenicity prediction tools. This study addressed these issues through several key steps. First, it collected and organized immunogenic neoantigen peptide data from publicly available literature and neoantigen databases. Second, it analyzed the data to identify key features influencing neoantigen immunogenicity prediction. Finally, it integrated existing prediction tools to create TumorAgDB1.0, a comprehensive tumor neoantigen database. TumorAgDB1.0 offers a user-friendly platform. Users can efficiently search for neoantigen data using parameters like amino acid sequence and peptide length. The platform also offers detailed information on the characteristics of neoantigens and tools for predicting tumor neoantigen immunogenicity. Additionally, the database includes a data download function, allowing researchers to easily access high-quality data to support the development and improvement of neoantigen immunogenicity prediction tools. In summary, TumorAgDB1.0 is a powerful tool for neoantigen screening and validation in tumor immunotherapy. It offers strong support to researchers.
Database URL: https://tumoragdb.com.cn
Waning immunity drives respiratory virus evolution and reinfection
Authors: Bull James J , Koelle Katia , Antia Rustom 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Viruses differ in the number and types of host tissues in which they replicate. For example,systemically replicating viruses such as measles infect cells and tissues throughout the body, whereas respiratory viruses such as influenza viruses and coronaviruses replicate only in the respiratory tract. Reinfections with respiratory viruses are thought to be driven by ongoing antigenic immune escape in the viral population. However, this does not explain why antigenic variation is frequently observed in respiratory viruses and not systemically replicating viruses. Here, we argue that the rapid rate of waning immunity in the respiratory tract is a key driver of antigenic evolution in respiratory viruses. Waning immunity results in hosts with immunity levels that protect against homologous reinfection but are insufficient to protect against infection with an antigenically different (heterologous) strain. Thus, when partially immune hosts are present at a high enough density, an immune escape variant can invade the viral population even though that variant cannot infect solidly immune hosts. Invasion can occur even when the variant’s immune escape mutation incurs a fitness cost, although any such cost is likely to be short-lived from compensatory evolution. Thus the mutant lineage may replace the wild-type, and as immunity to it builds, the process will repeat. Our model provides a new explanation for the pattern of successive emergence and replacement of antigenic variants that has been observed in many respiratory viruses. We discuss our model relative to others for understanding the drivers of antigenic evolution in respiratory viruses.
Critical analysis of the 2023 ESC guidelines on cardiomyopathy management
Authors: Perotto Maria , Pio Loco detto Gava Carola , Rossi Maddalena , Rizzi Jacopo Giulio , Lalario Andrea , Dal Ferro Matteo , Paldino Alessia , Merlo Marco , De Luca Antonio , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The first European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on the management of cardiomyopathies (CMPs), published 1 year ago, remain highly relevant. These guidelines provide a comprehensive framework to manage the complexity of CMPs, consolidating previous approaches. All CMPs are now addressed systematically in one document. The ESC recommends a ‘CMP-oriented’ approach, emphasizing thorough clinical assessments and phenotype-first categorization into hypertrophic, dilated, arrhythmogenic, restrictive, and non-dilated left ventricular CMP. Despite the utility of this method, certain classifications, such as arrhythmogenic right ventricular CMP and the novel non-dilated left ventricular CMP, raise controversies. Key advances in the guidelines include the use of genetic testing and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to refine diagnoses and inform treatment, especially for high-risk genotypes. These guidelines advocate for personalized, multidisciplinary care. Overall, they represent a significant step forward but highlight the evolving nature of CMP management as scientific understanding progresses.
5-aza-2-deoxycytidine improves skeletal muscle function in a mouse model for recessive RYR1-related congenital myopathy
Authors: Ruiz Alexis , Noreen Faiza , Meier Hervé , Buczak Katarzyna , Zorzato Francesco , Treves Susan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
RYR1-related congenital myopathies are rare disorders that severely impair muscle function and the quality of life of patients and their families. To date no pharmacological therapies are available to treat the severe muscle weakness of affected patients. The most severe forms of RYR1-related congenital myopathies are caused by compound heterozygous mutations (nonsense/frameshift in one allele and a missense mutation in the other), leading to reduced RyR1 protein levels and altered biochemical composition of muscles. In this pre-clinical study, we treated a mouse model carrying the RyR1 p.Q1970fsX16 + p.A4329D compound heterozygous pathogenic variants (dHT mice) for 15 weeks with 0.05 mg/kg 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, an FDA-approved drug targeting DNA methyltransferases. We evaluated muscle strength, calcium homeostasis and muscle proteome and report that drug treatment improves all investigated parameters in dHT mice. Importantly, the beneficial effects were particularly significant in fast twitch muscles which are the first muscles to be impaired in patients. In conclusion, this study provides proof of concept for the pharmacological treatment of patients with recessive RYR1-related congenital myopathies with the FDA approved 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, supporting its use in a phase 1/2 clinical trial.