bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural language processing for the automated detection of intra-operative elements in lumbar spine surgery
Authors: Biswas Sayan , McMenemy Lareyna , Sarkar Ved , MacArthur Joshua , Snowdon Ella , Tetlow Callum , George K. Joshi 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to develop natural language processing (NLP) algorithms to conduct automated identification of incidental durotomy, wound drains, and the use of sutures or skin clips for wound closure, in free text operative notes of patients following lumbar surgery.MethodsA single-centre retrospective case series analysis was conducted between January 2015 and June 2022, analysing operative notes of patients aged &gt;18 years who underwent a primary lumbar discectomy and/or decompression at any lumbar level. Extreme gradient-boosting NLP algorithms were developed and assessed on five performance metrics: accuracy, area under receiver-operating curve (AUC), positive predictive value (PPV), specificity, and Brier score.ResultsA total of 942 patients were used in the training set and 235 patients, in the testing set. The average age of the cohort was 53.900 ± 16.153 years, with a female predominance of 616 patients (52.3%). The models achieved an aggregate accuracy of &gt;91%, a specificity of &gt;91%, a PPV of &gt;84%, an AUC of &gt;0.933, and a Brier score loss of ≤0.082. The decision curve analysis also revealed that these NLP algorithms possessed great clinical net benefit at all possible threshold probabilities. Global and local model interpretation analyses further highlighted relevant clinically useful features (words) important in classifying the presence of each entity appropriately.ConclusionsThese NLP algorithms can help monitor surgical performance and complications in an automated fashion by identifying and classifying the presence of various intra-operative elements in lumbar spine surgery.
Dual Nucleosomal Double-Strand Breaks Are the Key Effectors of Curative Radiation Therapy
Authors: Brahme Anders , Lorat Yvonne 
Published: December 2023

Most ionizing radiation produces δ-rays of ≈1 keV that can impart MGy doses to 100 nm3 volumes of DNA. These events can produce severe dual double-strand breaks (DDSBs) on nucleosomes, particularly in dense heterochromatic DNA. This is the most common multiply damaged site, and their probabilities determine the biological effectiveness of different types of radiation. We discuss their frequency, effect on cell survival, DNA repair, and imaging by gold nanoparticle tracers and electron microscopy. This new and valuable nanometer resolution information can be used for determining the optimal tumor cure by maximizing therapeutic effects on tumors and minimizing therapeutic effects on normal tissues. The production of DDSBs makes it important to deliver a rather high dose and LET to the tumor (>2.5 Gy/Fr) and at the same time reach approximately 1.8–2.3 Gy of the lowest possible LET per fraction in TP53 intact normal tissues at risk. Therefore, their intrinsic low-dose hyper-sensitivity (LDHS)-related optimal daily fractionation window is utilized. Before full p53 activation of NHEJ and HR repair at ≈½ Gy, the low-dose apoptosis (LDA) and LDHS minimize normal tissue mutation probabilities. Ion therapy should thus ideally produce the lowest possible LET in normal tissues to avoid elevated DDSBs. Helium to boron ions can achieve this with higher-LET Bragg peaks, producing increased tumor DDSB densities. Interestingly, the highest probability of complication-free cure with boron or heavier ions requires a low LET round-up for the last 10–15 GyE, thereby steepening the dose response and further minimizing normal tissue damage. In conclusion, the new high-resolution DSB and DDSB diagnostic methods, and the new more accurate DNA-repair-based radiation biology, have been combined to increase our understanding of what is clinically important in curative radiation therapy. In fact, we must understand that we already passed the region of optimal LET and need to go back one step rather than forward, with oxygen being contemplated. As seen by the high overkill and severely high LET in the distal tumor and the increased LET to normal tissues (reminding of neutrons or neon ions), it is therefore preferable to use lithium–boron ions or combine carbon with an optimal 10–15 GyE photon, electron, or perhaps even a proton round-up, thus allowing optimized, fractionated, curative, almost complication-free treatments with photons, electrons, and light ions, introducing a real paradigm shift in curative radiation therapy with a potential 5 GyE tumor boost, 25% increase in complication-free cure and apoptotic–senescent Bragg Peak molecular light ion radiation therapy.
Soil Bacterial Diversity Responds to Long-Term Establishment of Perennial Legumes in Warm-Season Grassland at Two Soil Depths
Authors: Erhunmwunse Adesuwa Sylvia , Guerra Victor Alonso , Liu Jung-Chen , Mackowiak Cheryl L. , Blount Ann Rachel Soffes , Dubeux José Carlos Batista , Liao Hui-Ling 
Published: December 2023

The introduction of rhizoma peanut (RP Arachis glabrata Benth) into bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) may require time to develop stable plant–soil microbe interactions as the microbial legacy of the previous plant community may be long-lasting. A previous study showed that <2 years of introducing rhizoma peanut into bahiagrass pastures minimally affected soil bacterial diversity and community composition. In this study, we compared the effects of the long-term inclusion of rhizoma peanut (>8 years) into bahiagrass on soil bacterial diversity and community composition against their monocultures at 0 to 15 and 15 to 30 cm soil depths using next-generation sequencing to target bacterial 16S V3–V4 regions. We observed that a well-established RP–bahiagrass mixed stand led to a 36% increase in bacterial alpha diversity compared to the bahiagrass monoculture. There was a shift from a soil bacterial community dominated by Proteobacteria (~26%) reported in other bahiagrass and rhizoma peanut studies to a soil bacterial community dominated by Firmicutes (39%) in our study. The relative abundance of the bacterial genus Crossiella, known for its antimicrobial traits, was enhanced in the presence of RP. Differences in soil bacterial diversity and community composition were substantial between 0 to 15 and 15 to 30 cm soil layers, with N2-fixing bacteria belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria concentrated in 0 to 15 cm. Introducing RP into bahiagrass pastures is a highly sustainable alternative to mineral N fertilizer inputs. Our results provide evidence that this system also promotes greater soil microbial diversity and is associated with unique taxa that require further study to better understand their contributions to healthy pastures.
A Brief Introduction to <em>Better Boards for a Better World</em>
Authors: Bohley, JR. John P. , Spears Larry C. 
Published: December 2023

This short essay includes the Introduction and Advance Praise from Better Boards for a Better World: An Integrated Practice of Policy Governance® and Servant-Leadership, by John P. Bohley, Jr. and Larry C. Spears (2023, BookBaby Publishing). 244 pages. $35. ISBN 978-1-66789-954-1. Better Boards for a Better World – a daunting challenge. In the pages that follow, we will describe an approach to board governance that we believe will enable boards to unleash their potential to become better boards and to make significant contributions to the creation of a better world through embracing Policy Governance and servant-leadership.
Our approach involves bringing together the comprehensive system of board governance called Policy Governance that was developed by John Carver and the constellation of core values embodied in the servant-leadership concept articulated by Robert K. Greenleaf. Policy Governance provides the logical governance framework promoting efficient, effective, accountable governance while servant-leadership provides the altruistic values that can drive the system. You might say that Policy Governance is the head while servant-leadership is the heart of the powerful synergistic approach to board governance that we are envisioning. While the “head and heart” analogy may be somewhat of an oversimplification, it is helpful in understanding what we see as the major contributions of Policy Governance and servant-leadership to the approach that we delineate in this book. Our hope is that you will be able to find in our book guidance that will assist your board and other boards to unleash their potential for governance excellence and to make significant contributions to the creation of a better world through an integrated practice of Policy Governance and servant-leadership.
DISCOURSE OF IDENTITY AND COMMUNITY: THE TALIBAN’S WOMEN EDUCATION BAN POLICY IN AFGHANISTAN
Authors: Lubis Nurbaity 
Published: December 2023

Online newspaper is one of the media in the present time that can convey modified information according to the ideology of the institution. It can create a public opinion amongst its readers depending on how the media represents the state of the world. In addition, Stuart Hall (1997) clarifies that no accurate representation exists because there are many different ways to represent them depending on the person. The news discourse within a media can represent a problem within a nation from the perspective of ordinary people in which it may portray more about its effect on their daily life, but can also represent the problem from a general point of view in which it may only portray the general scale of effects on the people. To understand the meaning or ideology behind the text, one would need to conduct a discourse analysis. It is noted that Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is one of the more appropriate perspectives that can be used in analysing discourse in a news item. According to van Dijk (2008), CDA is a discourse investigation that investigates social power, dominance, and imbalance. There are many frameworks within the category of CDA. However, this essay only uses the framework proposed by Theo van Leeuwen, which is social actor analysis..

Keywords: newspaper, CDA
Kur’an Tilavetinde Ses Ve Mana İlişkisi
Authors: KELEŞ Mehmet 
Published: December 2023

Kur’an Tilavetinde Ses Ve Mana İlişkisi

The Relatıonshıp Of Sound And Meanıng In The Quran

Mehmet KELEŞ

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi. Ağrı Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi, Temel İslam Bilimleri, Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat İlmi Anabilim Dalı,
Assist. Prof., Ağrı University Faculty of Islamic Sciences, Basic Islamic Sciences, Department of Reading and Recitation of the Holy Quran,
Ağrı, Türkiye

ORCİD: 0000-0003-0984-3875 e-posta mkeles@agri.edu.tr

Öz

Kur’an-ı Kerim Hz. Peygamberden günümüze dek dünya ve ahiret dengesini korumak için ihtiva ettiği hususlar çerçevesinde merak edilen bir hayat rehberi olmuştur. Evrensel mesajlarına başvuran herkesin kendi anlayış dünyasına göre anlam bulduğu bir hakikattir. Kur’an’da verilmek istenilen mesajların anlamları kadar tilaveti de son derece önemli bir husustur. Zira anlamın bozulmaması ve mesajının yerine ulaşması adına tecvid kurallarına riayet edilerek, her bir harfin doğru telaffuz ve ses tonlamalarıyla birlikte tilavetinin yapılması gerekir. Bu araştırmanın konusu Kur’an tilaveti esnasında sesin mana ile olan ilişkisini ortaya koymaktır. Kur’an’da okuma anlamında kullanılan tabirlerden biri olan “tilavet/تِلَاوَة” kelimesi: “te-le-ve/تَلَوَ” kök fiilinden türetilen bir mastar olarak, “Kur’an’ın lafzını tahriften koruyup anlamlarını tedebbür ederek, manası anlaşılamayan kısımları bilenine havale ederek, yanlış bir te’vilde bulunmadan, tecvidli olarak huşu halinde okumak, hükümlerine uymak ve samimi olarak onunla amel etmek” demektir. Araştırmada tilavet esnasında ses-anlam ilişkisini gösteren durumlarla ilgili örnekler tetkik edilmiş, kıraat ve tefsir kaynaklarında meselenin doğru bilinmesine yönelik bilgi ve bulgular incelenmiştir. Öncelikle Kur’an okumayla ilgili bulunan tilavet, kıraat ve tertîl ile birlikte tilavet çeşitleri (tahkik, tedvir, hadr) ayrı başlıklar halinde ele alınarak ses olgusuna da yer verilmiştir. Azdan çoğa doğru sırasıyla harf, kelime, âyet, sûre, kıraat farklılıkları ve tecvid usulleri bağlamında ele alınan örneklerle birlikte Kur’an’da ses-anlam ilişkisinin doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak gerçekleştiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bağlamı içinde değerlendirildiğinde Kur’an tilavetinin, tecvid usullerine göre icra edilmemesi, kulağa hoş gelmeyen bir armoni oluşturup dinleyenlerde bıkkınlık meydana getireceği; tilavetin usulünce yapılması halinde ise ses ve anlam ilişkisindeki insicamı göstermesi yönünden okuyan ve dinleyenlerde gönlü teskin eden, huzur veren etkiler bırakacağı, bunun bir sonucu olarak da manayı araştırmaya ve anlamaya yönelik çabaların artabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kur’an, Kıraat, Tilavet, Ses, Mana.
Le Roi Lear de Thomas Ostermeier entre à la Comédie-Française en trompette
Authors: Edy Delphine 
Published: December 2023

Le retour à la Comédie-Française en 2022 de Thomas Ostermeier, directeur de la Schaubühne berlinoise, marque l’entrée au Répertoire du Roi Lear dans une nouvelle traduction d’Olivier Cadiot et souligne l’intérêt décidément marqué de Thomas Ostermeier pour la question de la folie chez Shakespeare, qu’il choisit de démultiplier de manière kaléidoscopique sur le plateau.Cette pièce magistrale du Barde, et plus largement le théâtre de Shakespeare, se prêtent particulièrement à l’approche inter- et plurimédiale, qu’il s’agisse du texte shakespearien lui‑même ou de son passage au plateau. L’épaisseur plurimédiale qui se crée dans l’actualisation scénique (en combinant nouvelle traduction, adaptation, ajout de la vidéo, et musique live) ne fait en effet que souligner l’intermédialité initiale à l’œuvre.Il s’agit ici d’analyser à la fois les enjeux de cette nouvelle traduction et les choix dramaturgiques et scéniques de Thomas Ostermeier qui sont au service d’un projet esthétique fort que je propose de cartographier et d’interroger afin de lui donner la place qui lui revient dans une histoire interculturelle des mises en scène contemporaines du Roi Lear.
À la croisée des arts scéniques et cinématographiques : le compromis esthétique du film-théâtre
Authors: Siméon Sandrine 
Published: December 2023

Cet essai explore les interactions entre la mise en scène d’André Engel du Roi Lear de William Shakespeare (dans la traduction de Jean‑Michel Déprats) et la version filmée réalisée par Don Kent dans le contexte du film-théâtre. Il met en évidence les manières dont les techniques cinématographiques façonnent la mise en scène d’Engel et comment, à son tour, l’esthétique scénique conditionne les choix de filmage de Don Kent. Une courte analyse de la réalisation de Corentin Leconte du Roi Lear de Thomas Ostermeier à la Comédie-Française, filmé pour Pathé Live, permet de mettre ces films en regard afin de déterminer s’ils correspondent à la catégorie de film-théâtre tel que je la conçois. Cet essai décrit alors l’échange intermédial à l’œuvre lors du passage d’un mode de présentation à un autre, d’où émerge l’esthétique distinctive du film-théâtre, à la croisée des arts scéniques et cinématographiques.
Lyric Lear
Authors: Issert Patrick 
Published: December 2023

William Shakespeare’s plays are one of the main sources of inspiration for the international opera scene. Over the centuries, some 350 opera composers have adapted one of his plays. Yet few of these works have been successful enough to enter the world repertoire of the most performed scores. King Lear is one of Shakespeare’s longest and most complex plays. Significantly, Aribert Reimann’s version, created in 1978, is the only one, out of the twenty other operas adapted from King Lear and composed between 1817 and 2000, to have entered the aforementioned world repertoire. The aim of this article is to find out how Reimann and his librettist Claus H. Henneberg managed to do it and, more generally, what this opera says about operatic adaptations of Shakespeare’s plays. We will thus pay particular attention to the way Reimann and Henneberg tackled four major structuring issues. The first concerns the total length of the work and the cuts to be made in the original text. Then, we will look at the way the German pair dealt with the complex and polymorphous nature of Shakespeare’s characters, before tackling the question of enunciation on the operatic stage and its specificities in terms of action. Last, since opera is a global art form, we will wonder whether a libretto is a drama set to music or a drama written for music, and see how Reimann and Henneberg answered this question.
Stylistically Marked Names of Office Workers in German Language
Authors: Basyrov Shamil 
Published: December 2023

The research of the linguistic image of an office worker, their behavior and character is an understudied area of linguistic science. The importance of the corporate, business and professional culture of corporate employees is increasing
due to the ongoing processes of globalization in world economy and the increase in the number of joint ventures with foreign companies, as well as the importance of optimizing intercultural communication in the business sphere.
The norms of behavior, ethical code, priorities and ideas of the national and social experience of native speakers of certain languages are recorded in the vocabulary of the language under study. Knowledge of the norms and values of another culture plays an important role in demonstrating adequate behavior and achieving successful communication when speaking a foreign language. Such cultural values, norms and rules are
often identified through the analysis of their violation, including the process of collective labour activity. When faced with various kinds of violations, the employee expresses their
attitude towards these negative occurrences. Thus, the anthropological picture of the world and its priorities are actually reflected through the prism of violations of norms
and rules of etiquette surrounding the employee at their workplace.
The article deals with the semantics and structure of stylistically marked lexemes that negatively nominate various office workers (a boss, a secretary, an employee) and their intercommunication. Most of the analyzed lexemes occur as a result of metaphorical reinterpretation, have a negative assessment and are composites.
The research of the problem under study in a comparative aspect is proposed as a direction for future research.
Food Supply of Captured Non-Commissioned Officers and Enlisted Men in Russia and Western Countries in the XVIIIth Century
Authors: Poznakhirev Vitaliy 
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the study is to reconstruct the procedure for providing food to
military personnel of various nationalities captured in the wars of the XVIII century.
The object of the article is prisoners interned in Russia, Austria, England, France,
Prussia, Spain, Sweden and Turkey. The absence of such works in both domestic and
foreign historiography indicates the novelty of the work, and its relevance is due to
the fact that it allows us to expand and clarify our ideas about the place of Russia in
the world in the early modern period. In the process of investigation, mainly historical-typological and historical-comparative method were used. The source base of the
article consists of works published mainly abroad, and documents from six archives
of the former USSR. In the course of the study, three key Western European models
of food supply for prisoners were identified. The genesis and evolution of the corresponding Russian model are studied step by step. The article shows that the basis of
the Russian model was based on the principle of equality of food provision for prisoners of war and Russian soldiers of the garrison troops. The article emphasizes that
the Russian model was a synthesis of domestic and foreign experience and retained
the best features from the practice of the Moscow state of the XVI–XVII centuries.
The article proves that in terms of the quantity and assortment of food products released to prisoners (36 kg of bread and 2–3 kg of cereals per month), Russia surpassed any other European country until the middle of the XVIII century and only with the beginning of the Seven Years' War of 1756–1763 was inferior to the leadership of Great Britain and France (and even then only in terms of the assortment). According to the author, the Russian model of prisoners' nutrition was highly effective and could be easily adapted to any situation, including the ethnic and confessional characteristics of individual groups of prisoners of war.
Belarusization in the Smolensk Region from the Pages of the Newspaper «Rabochiy Put’», 1920–1930s
Authors: Kobets Olga , Kodin Evgeniy 
Published: December 2023

The article presents the practice of Belarusization in the Smolensk region in the 1920s – the first half of the 1930s in the format of its reflection on the pages of the newspaper «Rabochiy Put’», as the press organ of the Smolensk Gubernatorial Committee of the RCP (b) – the CPSU (b) and the Gubernatorial Executive Committee, and since 1929 – the main printing body of the Western region with the administrative center in Smolensk.
The materials of the «Rabochiy Put’» do not form the reader's holistic perception of the policy of Belarusization in the Smolensk region, as in one of the Russian regions with a compact Belarusian population. There were no Belarusian collective farms or Belarusian village councils in the province, as was the case, for example, among Latvians and Jews. Therefore, the main direction of Belarusization has become the education system, i.e. the introduction of the Belarusian language and the course of Belarusian studies in individual schools, as well as attempts to transmit a number of schools into the Belarusian language.
At the same time, even fragmentary data from newspaper materials of different genres and volumes indicate that neither the provincial authorities (virtually at all levels up to village councils), nor the titular and even the Belarusian
population itself have become active supporters of the policy of Belarusization, only formally participating in this process, as in one of the many socio-political campaigns of thаt period.
To the Question of Correlation between the Categories of Evidentiality and Epistemological Modality
Authors: Vorontsova Anna , Vorontsova Tatiana 
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the problem of interconnection and interaction of such linguistic phenomena as the categories of evidentiality and epistemic modality. In the article descriptive and comparative methods of the analysis are used. The categories of evidentiality and epistemic modality are intensively studied by
Russian and foreign scientists. One of the first definitions of evidentiality belongs to a famous scientist R. Jakobson. Many Russian and foreign scientists study peculiarities of functioning of these categories in different languages, the forms of their presentation. There are many strategies of investigating the problem of correlation of the categories of evidentiality and epistemic modality and we came to the conclusion that these categories are so closely connected with each other that
they shouldn’t be studied as separate linguistic phenomena.
Realization of MoTe2 CMOS inverter by contact doping and channel encapsulation
Authors: Xie Tianshun , Ke Mengnan , Ueno Keiji , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Aoki Nobuyuki 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Fermi level pinning effect significantly limits the application of electrical devices based on two-dimensional materials like transition metal dichalcogenide. Here, a CMOS inverter, which is comprised of an n- and a p-MoTe2 FET with optimized properties, has been successfully fabricated by using contact doping and channel encapsulation methods. Contact doping is to control the polarity of MoTe2-FET and improve contact properties, which is achieved by laser irradiation in different environmental conditions. The channel of two MoTe2-FETs was encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) to enhance carrier mobility and device stability. The fabricated CMOS inverter showed a very high gain value of 31 at V
dd = 4 V at RT.