bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating international policy standards in the implementation of postnatal care: a rapid review
Authors: Smith Helen , Wojcieszek Aleena M , Gupta Shuchita , Lavelanet Antonella , Nihlén Åsa , Portela Anayda , Schaaf Marta , Stahlhofer Marcus , Tunçalp Özge , Bonet Mercedes 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionInternational legal and political documents can assist policy-makers and programme managers in countries to create an enabling environment to promote maternal and newborn health. This review aimed to map and summarise international legal and political documents relevant to the implementation of the WHO recommendations on maternal and newborn care for a positive postnatal experience.MethodsRapid review of relevant international legal and political documents, including legal and political commitments (declarations, resolutions and treaties) and interpretations (general comments, recommendations from United Nations human rights treaty bodies, joint United Nations statements). Documents were mapped to the domains presented in the WHO postnatal care (PNC) recommendations; relating to maternal care, newborn care, and health systems and health promotion interventions, and by type of human right implied and/or stated in the documents.ResultsTwenty-nine documents describing international legal and political commitments and interpretations were mapped, out of 45 documents captured. These 29 documents, published or entered into force between 1944 and 2020, contained content relevant to most of the domains of the PNC recommendations, most prominently the domains of breastfeeding and health systems interventions and service delivery arrangements. The most frequently mapped human rights were the right to health and the right to social security.ConclusionExisting international legal and political documents can inform and encourage policy and programme development at the country level, to create an enabling environment during the postnatal period and thereby support the provision and uptake of PNC and improve health outcomes for women, newborns, children and families. Governments and civil society organisations should be aware of these documents to support efforts to protect and promote maternal and newborn health.
Is there a temporal relationship between atrial fibrillation and stroke? A review
Authors: Dlima Jessica , Kitisarn Rooj , Lim Han , Thijs Vincent 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceAtrial fibrillation (AF) is an established risk factor for ischaemic stroke. The introduction of continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring devices has enabled detection of brief and asymptomatic episodes of AF.ObservationsThe search yielded 727 studies, 11 of which met the inclusion criteria. Four studies suggested a strong temporal association between episodes of AF and stroke, while seven indicated a weak relationship. The conflicting nature of the studies may be attributed to inconsistencies in ischaemic stroke verification (n=5/11), event rate and power (n=6/11) and lack of controlling for anticoagulation (n=10/11), mitigating the relationship between AF episodes and stroke.Conclusions and relevanceThe temporal relationship between AF and stroke still remains unclear due to varying study methodology, lack of control for anticoagulation and inconsistent stroke subtyping. Our review identifies limitations to the current literature and makes recommendations for future studies assessing the temporal relationship between AF episodes and cardioembolic stroke.
Impacts of ambient air quality on acute asthma hospital admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Oxford City, UK: a time-series study
Authors: Singh Ajit , Morley Gabriella L , Coignet Cécile , Leach Felix , Pope Francis D , Neil Thomas Graham , Stacey Brian , Bush Tony , Cole Stuart , Economides George , Anderson Ruth , Abreu Pedro , Bartington Suzanne E 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesThe study aims to investigate the short-term associations between exposure to ambient air pollution (nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter pollution—particles with diameter<2.5 µm (PM2.5) and PM10) and incidence of asthma hospital admissions among adults, in Oxford, UK.DesignRetrospective time-series study.SettingOxford City (postcode areas OX1–OX4), UK.ParticipantsAdult population living within the postcode areas OX1–OX4 in Oxford, UK from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2021.Primary and secondary outcome measuresHourly NO2, PM2.5and PM10concentrations and meteorological data for the period 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2020 were analysed and used as exposures. We used Poisson linear regression analysis to identify independent associations between air pollutant concentrations and asthma admissions rate among the adult study population, using both single (NO2, PM2.5, PM10) and multipollutant (NO2and PM2.5, NO2and PM10) models, where they adjustment for temperature and relative humidity.ResultsThe overall 5-year average asthma admissions rate was 78 per 100 000 population during the study period. The annual average rate decreased to 46 per 100 000 population during 2020 (incidence rate ratio 0.58, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.81, p<0.001) compared to the prepandemic years (2015–2019). In single-pollutant analysis, we observed a significantly increased risk of asthma admission associated with each 1 μg/m3increase in monthly concentrations of NO24% (95% CI 1.009% to 1.072%), PM2.53% (95% CI 1.006% to 1.052%) and PM101.8% (95% CI 0.999% to 1.038%). However, in the multipollutant regression model, the effect of each individual pollutant was attenuated.ConclusionsAmbient NO2and PM2.5air pollution exposure increased the risk of asthma admissions in this urban setting. Improvements in air quality during COVID-19 lockdown periods may have contributed to a substantially reduced acute asthma disease burden. Large-scale measures to improve air quality have potential to protect vulnerable people living with chronic asthma in urban areas.
Personal legacy and treatment choices for serious illness: a scoping review
Authors: Figueroa Gray Marlaine , Randall Sarah , Banegas Mateo , Ryan Gery W , Henrikson Nora B 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundLegacy—how one hopes to be remembered after death—is an unexplored and important dimension of decision-making for people facing serious illness.ObjectivesWe conducted a scoping review to answer the following research questions: (1) How do people making treatment choices conceive of legacy? and (2) What treatment choices do people make with legacy in mind?Eligibility criteriaParticipants included people facing serious illness who discussed how they wanted to be remembered after their own death, or how they hoped to impact others, as they made treatment choices. Studies in English published between 1990 and 2022 were included.Sources of evidenceWe conducted searches in electronic databases including Medline/PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, SocialWork, AnthropologyPlus, Web of Science, ProQuest and EMBASE databases.Data synthesisWe used an electronic screening tool to screen abstracts and review full-text articles suitable for inclusion. We analysed included articles using Atlas.ti. We constructed tables and narratively synthesised the findings.ResultsWe identified three major intersecting legacy goals that influence choices people facing serious illness make about their treatment and health behaviours, and the types of choices people make with legacy in mind. The three legacy goals are: remembrance of the individual self, remembrance of the social self and impact on others’ well-being.ConclusionsWe identify the importance of legacy to patient treatment choices. Understanding for whom this construct is important, what types of legacy goals people hold and how those goals impact treatment choices is necessary to provide patient-centred whole-person care to people facing serious illness.
Thermodynamics of quark matter with multiquark clusters in an effective Beth-Uhlenbeck type approach
Authors: Blaschke D. , Cierniak M. , Ivanytskyi O. , Röpke G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe describe multiquark clusters in quark matter within a Beth-Uhlenbeck approach in a background gluon field coupled to the underlying chiral quark dynamics using the Polyakov gauge. An effective potential for the traced Polyakov loop is used to establish the center symmetry of the SU(3) color which suppresses colored states and its dynamical breaking as an aspect of the confinement/deconfinement transition. Quark confinement is modeled by a large quark mass in vacuum which is motivated by a confining density functional approach. A multiquark cluster containingnquarks and antiquarks is described as a binary composite of smaller subclusters$$n_1$$n1and$$n_2$$n2($$n_1+n_2=n$$n1+n2=n). It has a spectrum consisting of a bound state and a scattering state continuum. For the corresponding cluster-cluster phase shifts we use simple ansätze that capture the Mott dissociation of clusters as a function of temperature and chemical potential. We go beyond the simple “step-up-step-down” model that ignores continuum correlations and introduce an improved model that includes them in a generic form. In order to explain the model, we restrict ourselves here to the cases where the cluster size is$$1 \le n \le 6$$1≤n≤6. A striking result is the suppression of the abundance of colored multiquark clusters at low temperatures by the coupling to the Polyakov loop and their importance for a quantitative description of lattice QCD thermodynamics at non-vanishing baryochemical potentials. An important ingredient are Polyakov-loop generalized distribution functions ofn-quark clusters which are derived here for the first time. Within our approach we calculate thermodynamic properties such as baryon density and entropy. We demonstrate that the limits of a hadron resonance gas at low temperatures and$$\mathcal {O}(g^2)$$O(g2)perturbative QCD at high temperatures are correctly reproduced. A comparison with lattice calculations shows that our model is able to give a unified, systematic approach to describe properties of the quark-gluon-hadron system.
A study of dipolar signal in distant Quasars with various observables
Authors: Kothari Rahul , Panwar Mohit , Singh Gurmeet , Tiwari Prabhakar , Jain Pankaj 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe study the signal of anisotropy in AGNs/quasars of CatWISE2020 catalogue using different observables. It has been reported earlier that this data shows a strong signal of dipole anisotropy in the source number counts. We test this claim using two independent data analysis procedures and find our number count dipole consistent with the earlier results. In addition to number counts, we test for the anisotropy signal in two other observables – mean spectral index $$\bar{\alpha }$$

α

¯

and mean flux density $$\bar{S}$$

S

¯

. We find a strong dipole signal both in the mean spectral index and the mean flux density. The dipole in mean flux density points towards the galactic center and becomes very weak after imposing a flux cut to remove sources with flux greater than 1 mJy. This can be attributed to the presence of some ($$\sim $$
∼
26,600) bright sources. The signal in the mean spectral index, however, is relatively stable as a function of both flux and galactic cuts. The dipole in this observable points roughly opposite to the galactic center and hence most likely arises due to galactic bias. We consider a simple model of galactic extinction which nicely explains the dipole both in mean spectral index and mean flux density for a wide range of flux and galactic cuts. Hence, the signal in both these parameters does not appear to be of cosmological origin.
Explicit near-symplectic integrators for post-Newtonian Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Mei Lijie , Huang Li 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExplicit symplectic integrators are powerful and widely used for Hamiltonian systems. However, once the post-Newtonian (PN) effect is considered to provide more precise modeling for the N-body problem, explicit symplectic methods cannot be constructed due to the nonseparability of the Hamiltonian. Thus, the available symplectic method is either fully implicit or semi-implicit, which decreases the efficiency because of the implicit iteration used during the evolution. In this paper, we aim to explore efficient explicit methods whose performance is mostly like symplectic methods for PN Hamiltonian systems. Taking the small parameter $$\varepsilon $$
ε
appearing in PN terms into consideration, we replace the implicit symplectic solver with explicit solvers in the mixed symplectic method to solve the PN term and then derive three explicit methods. It is theoretically shown that the proposed methods are respectively second-order, fourth-order, and pseudo-fourth-order, and that their closeness to the corresponding symplectic methods are $${\mathscr {O}}(\varepsilon ^{3}h^{3}),$$

O
(

ε
3

h
3

)
,

$${\mathscr {O}}(\varepsilon ^{5}h^{5}),$$

O
(

ε
5

h
5

)
,

and $${\mathscr {O}}(\varepsilon ^{3}h^{3}).$$

O
(

ε
3

h
3

)
.

That is, they are explicit near-symplectic methods with the presence of the small parameter $$\varepsilon .$$

ε
.

Numerical experiments with the Hamiltonian problem of spinning compact binaries show that the energy errors and orbital errors of the proposed explicit near-symplectic methods are indistinguishable from the corresponding mixed semi-implicit symplectic methods. The very small magnitude of the difference between the proposed explicit near-symplectic methods and the mixed symplectic methods confirms our theoretical analysis of their closeness to symplecticity. Finally, the much less CPU time consumed by the proposed methods highlights their most important advantage of high efficiency over the mixed symplectic methods.
The magma plumbing system of the Northern Carnarvon Basin, offshore Australia: multiscale controls on basin-wide magma emplacement, and implications for petroleum exploration
Authors: Curtis Michael S. , Holford Simon P. , Bunch Mark A. , Schofield Nick J. , Karvelas Alex 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The Northern Carnarvon Basin (NCB) located on Australia's North West Shelf hosts an extensive (∼40 000 km
2
) intrusive igneous complex related to Mesozoic rifting and break-up. Using an extensive suite of modern 3D seismic reflection surveys, we have mapped this intrusive system across the NCB. We identify three predominant intrusion morphologies: stacked sheets of large interconnected sill intrusions (up to ∼170 km long) and smaller (8–30 km long) isolated, strata concordant intrusions, which often interact with normal faults emplaced into deltaic sedimentary rocks, and variably sized (10–40 km long) saucer-shaped intrusions emplaced into marine shales, spread across seven zones (geographically constrained groups of intrusions of a specific morphology). We consider the zones’ margin-parallel orientation, suggesting control by subcrustal extensional processes during rifting, and the variation in intrusion morphology between these zones, suggesting a dominant control by host rock mechanical properties. We integrate previous work with our observations, constraining emplacement to between the Kimmeridgian and Valanginian, coinciding with key phases of margin evolution. Finally, we assess the impact of this intrusive complex on local petroleum systems. There is likely little to no adverse impact on source rock maturation or reservoir contamination by CO
2
, but there is a spatial dissociation between the location of groups of intrusions and the gas fields, particularly in the Exmouth Plateau. This suggests that migrating hydrocarbons may be blocked, baffled and/or redirected by emplaced igneous rocks.
FDG PET/CT Imaging 1 Week after a Single Dose of Pembrolizumab Predicts Treatment Response in Patients with Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Anderson Thomas M. , Chang Bryan H. , Huang Alexander C. , Xu Xiaowei , Yoon Daniel , Shang Catherine G. , Mick Rosemarie , Schubert Erin , McGettigan Suzanne , Kreider Kristin , Xu Wei , Wherry E. John , Schuchter Lynn M. , Amaravadi Ravi K. , Mitchell Tara C. , Farwell Michael D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Immunologic response to anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy can occur rapidly with T-cell responses detectable in as little as one week. Given that activated immune cells are FDG avid, we hypothesized that an early FDG PET/CT obtained approximately 1 week after starting pembrolizumab could be used to visualize a metabolic flare (MF), with increased tumor FDG activity due to infiltration by activated immune cells, or a metabolic response (MR), due to tumor cell death, that would predict response.

Patients and Methods:
Nineteen patients with advanced melanoma scheduled to receive pembrolizumab were prospectively enrolled. FDG PET/CT imaging was performed at baseline and approximately 1 week after starting treatment. FDG PET/CT scans were evaluated for changes in maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and thresholds were identified by ROC analysis; MF was defined as &gt;70% increase in tumor SUVmax, and MR as &gt;30% decrease in tumor SUVmax.

Results:
An MF or MR was identified in 6 of 11 (55%) responders and 0 of 8 (0%) nonresponders, with an objective response rate (ORR) of 100% in the MF-MR group and an ORR of 38% in the stable metabolism (SM) group. An MF or MR was associated with T-cell reinvigoration in the peripheral blood and immune infiltration in the tumor. Overall survival at 3 years was 83% in the MF-MR group and 62% in the SM group. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was &gt;38 months (median not reached) in the MF-MR group and 2.8 months (95% confidence interval, 0.3–5.2) in the SM group (P = 0.017).

Conclusions:
Early FDG PET/CT can identify metabolic changes in melanoma metastases that are potentially predictive of response to pembrolizumab and significantly correlated with PFS.
Staring Back: Hacking Intersectional Oppression through Eco-Crip: Cybotanical Futures
Authors: Virdee Aminder 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The author discusses their transmedia art installation, Eco-Crip: Cybotanical Futures (2021), as a site that critically explores and re-worlds the intersectional oppressions faced by disabled BIPOC individuals—centering on their own identity and complex lived experiences. Through a re-worlding lens, the artwork harnesses autoethnography, disability justice, and critical theory to confront and reclaim lifelong systemic oppression and medical surveillance, integrating computational art and digital painting to reconstruct medically quantified bioimaging and South Asian botanical archives into alternative “Cybotanical” futures. The author traces this work back to their earlier piece, Keep This Leaflet. You May Need to Read It Again (2014), a seminal creation in their criptech journey. Eco-Crip: Cybotanical Futures embraces a DIY ethos to hack and decolonize archives and technologies, navigating multifaceted meaning-making where beauty and pain converge—mapping new frontiers of crip technoscience art that challenges various systems of power and their associated gazes.
Sarcopenia is a Poor Predictor of Outcomes in Elective Colectomy for Diverticulitis
Authors: Krebs Jonathan R. , Mazirka Pavel , Fazzone Brian , Ault Taylor , Read Thomas E. , Terracina Krista P. 
Published: January 2024

Background Sarcopenia is associated with adverse perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing operations for malignancy, but its influence on patients undergoing elective colectomy for diverticulitis is unknown. We hypothesized that sarcopenia is associated with adverse perioperative events in patients undergoing elective colectomy for diverticulitis. Methods Comorbidities, operative characteristics, and postoperative complications were extrapolated from our institutional EMR in patients undergoing elective colectomy for diverticulitis from 2016 to 2020. Sarcopenia was calculated using perioperative imaging and defined by standard skeletal muscle index (SMI) and psoas muscle index (PMI) thresholds. Univariate analysis was used to compare sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients. Results 148 patients met inclusion criteria. Using SMI thresholds, 95 patients (64%) were sarcopenic. With SMI criteria, sarcopenic patients were older (67 vs 52 years old; P < .01) and had lower BMIs (26.2 vs 34.0, respectively; P < .001) than non-sarcopenic patients. There were no differences in baseline characteristics, postoperative complications, and non-home discharge between groups ( P > .05 for all). Postoperative length of stay was greater in sarcopenic patients (3 IQR 2-5 vs 2 IQR 2-3 days; P < .01). Using PMI thresholds, 68 (46%) met criteria for sarcopenia. Using PMI thresholds, sarcopenic patients were older (68 vs 57.5 years old; P < .01) and had lower BMIs (25.8 vs 32.8; P < .01). There were no differences in comorbidities or measured operative outcomes between groups ( P > .05 for all), other than postoperative length of stay which was longer in the sarcopenic group (3.5 IQR 3-5 vs 2 IQR 2-3; P < .01). Conclusions Incidence of sarcopenia was high in patients undergoing elective colectomy for diverticulitis in our practice, but sarcopenia was not associated with adverse perioperative outcomes. In select patients, elective colectomy for diverticulitis can be safely performed in the presence of sarcopenia.
Longitudinal associations between childhood maltreatment and sexual motivations in couples: The role of basic psychological needs
Authors: Kotiuga Judith , Bőthe Beáta , Bergeron Sophie , Girouard Alice , Bigras Noémie , Vaillancourt-Morel Marie-Pier 
Published: January 2024

Childhood maltreatment (CM) has been consistently associated with negative sexual outcomes in couples. Yet, its link with sexual motivation, which plays a key role in relational and sexual well-being, remains elusive. Based on self-determination theory, sexual motivations encompass intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation (i.e., integrated, identified, introjected, and external), and amotivation. This study examined the dyadic longitudinal associations between CM and these six sexual motivations, while considering the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness) as potential mediators. Data from 309 cohabitating couples (50.8% cisgender women, M = 32.64 years, SD = 9.59), collected at three time points over 1 year, were analyzed using actor-partner interdependence mediation models. CM was not significantly related to intrinsic motivation. However, overall, a person’s CM was indirectly associated with their own and their partner’s extrinsic motivation (i.e., integrated, identified, introjected, and external) via their own satisfaction of basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the romantic relationship. A person’s CM was also indirectly associated with their own amotivation via their own and their partner’s satisfaction for autonomy and relatedness. Findings suggest that catering to basic psychological needs of couples with a CM history may facilitate healthier sexual dynamics through their associations with sexual motivation.