bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of plant productivity and species on soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration under seasonal grazing in a semi‐arid grassland of North China
Authors: Chen Lingling , Haobitai  , Baoyin Taogetao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeasonal grazing is a common alternative to the rest‐rotation grazing management regime. Although that research has been extensive on the impacts of grazing on soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) sequestration, there is limited understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of plant productivity and species on SOC and N sequestration under seasonal grazing. To address this problem, the response of plant properties was quantified in five different seasonal grazing regimes (no grazing control, continuous grazing, early summer and late summer grazing, mid summer and early autumn grazing, late summer and mid autumn grazing) in a semi‐arid grassland of North China between 2012 and 2018. The results indicated that early summer and late summer grazing had little damage to the plant communities but reduced the SOC and N sequestration in the 10–20 cm layer, while mid summer and early autumn grazing maintained a relatively high plant productivity but resulted in the losses of SOC and N sequestration in the 0–20 cm layer. The late summer and mid autumn grazing regime enhanced SOC and N sequestration in the 0–20 cm layer by producing higher yields of Stipa krylovii and root biomass. The improved biomass of S. krylovii and roots is an indicator of soil quality evolution in the context of grazing management. It is therefore proposed that the late summer and mid autumn grazing regime, including a two‐month rest period, is likely to be a beneficial strategy to conserve both plant communities and soil nutrients for sustainable management of the studied grassland.
A mathematical model for velocity‐selective arterial spin labeling
Authors: Liu Thomas T. , Wong Eric C. , Bolar Divya S. , Chen Conan , Barnes Ryan S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeTo present a theoretical framework that rigorously defines and analyzes key concepts and quantities for velocity selective arterial spin labeling (VSASL).Theory and MethodsAn expression for the VSASL arterial delivery function is derived based on (1) labeling and saturation profiles as a function of velocity and (2) physiologically plausible approximations of changes in acceleration and velocity across the vascular system. The dependence of labeling efficiency on the amplitude and effective bolus width of the arterial delivery function is defined. Factors that affect the effective bolus width are examined, and timing requirements to minimize quantitation errors are derived.ResultsThe model predicts that a flow‐dependent negative bias in the effective bolus width can occur when velocity selective inversion (VSI) is used for the labeling module and velocity selective saturation (VSS) is used for the vascular crushing module. The bias can be minimized by choosing a nominal labeling cutoff velocity that is lower than the nominal cutoff velocity of the vascular crushing module.ConclusionThe elements of the model are specified in a general fashion such that future advances can be readily integrated. The model can facilitate further efforts to understand and characterize the performance of VSASL and provide critical theoretical insights that can be used to design future experiments and develop novel VSASL approaches.
Joint MAPLE: Accelerated joint T1 and T2*$$ {{\mathrm{T}}_2}^{\ast } $$ mapping with scan‐specific self‐supervised networks
Authors: Heydari Amir , Ahmadi Abbas , Kim Tae Hyung , Bilgic Berkin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeQuantitative MRI finds important applications in clinical and research studies. However, it is encoding intensive and may suffer from prohibitively long scan times. Accelerated MR parameter mapping techniques have been developed to help address these challenges. Here, an accelerated joint T1, , frequency and proton density mapping technique with scan‐specific self‐supervised network reconstruction is proposed to synergistically combine parallel imaging, model‐based, and deep learning approaches to speed up parameter mapping.MethodsProposed framework, Joint MAPLE, includes parallel imaging, signal modeling, and data consistency blocks which are optimized jointly in a combined loss function. A scan‐specific self‐supervised reconstruction is embedded into the framework, which takes advantage of multi‐contrast data from a multi‐echo, multi‐flip angle, gradient echo acquisition.ResultsIn comparison with parallel reconstruction techniques powered by low‐rank methods, emerging scan specific networks, and model‐based estimation approaches, the proposed framework reduces the reconstruction error in parameter maps by approximately two‐fold on average at acceleration rates as high as R = 16 with uniform sampling. It can outperform evaluated parallel reconstruction techniques up to four‐fold on average in the presence of challenging sub‐sampling masks. It is observed that Joint MAPLE performs well at extreme acceleration rates of R = 25 and R = 36 with error values less than 20%.ConclusionJoint MAPLE enables higher fidelity parameter estimation at high acceleration rates by synergistically combining parallel imaging and model‐based parameter mapping and exploiting multi‐echo, multi‐flip angle datasets. Utilizing a scan‐specific self‐supervised reconstruction obviates the need for large data sets for training while improving the parameter estimation ability.
Analytical models for electroosmotic consolidation of layered soil systems considering the boundary effects of horizontal electrodes
Authors: Li Jian‐Ping , Chen Zhang‐Long , Zhuang Jin‐Ping , Liu Jun , Wang Shun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe pore water can usually flow through the horizontal electrodes, resulting in the top sand layer and the bottom unelectroosmotic layer inevitably affecting the consolidation process of the electroosmotic layer. However, the traditional assumption of the fully drained or undrained electrode boundaries is unable to reflect these boundary effects. In this study, one‐dimensional analytical models for electroosmotic consolidation of the layered soil systems considering the boundary effects of horizontal electrodes are proposed. The solutions for the models are derived using the separate variable method and Laplace transform method. The rationality of the one‐dimensional model is also illustrated by comparing it with the results produced by the two‐dimensional model and the accuracies of the solutions are verified through a series of analytical and numerical validation examples. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate the effects of the sand layer and the unelectroosmotic layer on the consolidation process. Results show that both the sand layer and the unelectroosmotic layer may significantly delay the consolidation progress. The time factor corresponding to 90% average degree of consolidation (Tv_90%U*) can increase by over 1.5 times in comparison with the model without a sand layer when the permeability coefficient ratio of the subsoil to the upper layer reaches 10. The delayed effect is particularly pronounced when the thickness of the unelectroosmotic layer with higher compressibility is relatively larger, potentially resulting in a tenfold or even greater increase in Tv_90%U*.
Design of Promising Uranyl(VI) Complexes Thin Films with Potential Applications in Molecular Electronics
Authors: Monzón González César Raúl , Sánchez Vergara María Elena , Elías‐Espinosa Milton Carlos , Rodríguez‐Valencia Sergio Arturo , López‐Mayorga Byron José , Castillo‐Arroyave José León , Toscano Rubén Alfredo , Flores Octavio Lozada , Álvarez Toledano Cecilio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this work, it is proposed the development of organic semiconductors (OS) based on uranyl(VI) complexes. The above by means of the synthesis and the characterization of the complexes by Infrared spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X‐ray diffraction. Films of these complexes were deposited and subsequently, topographic and structural characterization was carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Atomic Force Microscopy. Additionally, the nanomechanical evaluation was performed to know the stiffness of uranyl films using their modulus of elasticity. Also, the optical characterization took place in the devices and their bandgap value ranges between 2.40 and 2.93 eV being the minor for the film of the uranyl complex with the N on pyridine in position 4 (2 c). Finally, the electrical behavior of the uranyl(VI) films was evaluated, and important differences were obtained: the uranyl complex with the N on pyridine in position 2 (2 a) film is not influenced by changes in lighting and its current density is in the order of 10−3 A/cm2. The film with uranyl complex with the N on pyridine in position 3 (2 b) and 2 c presents a greater current flow under lighting conditions and two orders of magnitude larger than in film 2 a. In these films 2 b and 2 c, ohmic behavior occurs at low voltages, while at high voltages the charge transport changes to space‐charge limited current behavior.
Pediatric cutaneous T‐cell neoplasm and mimics with gamma‐delta expression: Not always aggressive
Authors: Cheng Jinjun , Toner Keri , Habeshian Kaiane , Cardis Michael , Cowen Edward W. , Bollard Catherine M. , Wistinghausen Birte , Kirkorian A. Yasmine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPediatric cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma with γδ immunophenotype is extremely rare. Only a few cases of γδ T‐cell neoplasm have been reported in the literature, and therefore little is known whether γδ T‐cell neoplasms in children are distinct from their adult counterparts with respect to the clinicopathological presentation, behavior, and prognosis. In this study, we demonstrate three unique pediatric cutaneous T‐cell neoplasm and mimics with increased γδ T cells. All cases showed an indolent clinical course.
Effect of air, O2, Ar, and N2 plasma‐activated water on mildewing activity of moldy pathogen of Gannan navel oranges
Authors: Tan Menghao , Chen Wei , Li Mengchao , Luo Qianqian , Xiao Yujun , Liu Fang , Wang Xingquan , Gao Zhiqiang , Chang Xiaopeng , Gong Teng , Huang Jun , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, the physicochemical properties of plasma‐activated water (PAW) prepared from air, , , and plasma and the trend of the concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) with respect to time were investigated and related to the effect of PAW on navel orange mold. The results showed that PAW had a strong lethal effect on navel orange mold and could effectively inhibit the mildewing activity of pathogenic spores. In addition, PAW is effective in reducing weight loss and decay of navel oranges during storage. This study suggests the potential application of PAW to prevent fungal infections during storage of agricultural products.
Impact of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on lipid and fat‐soluble vitamin levels and association with body mass index
Authors: Patel Tanvi , McBennett Kimberly , Sankararaman Senthilkumar , Schindler Teresa , Sundaram Krithika , Minich Nori Mercuri , Malay Sindhoosha , Kutney Katherine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators improve gastrointestinal absorption of nutrients and may result in changes in body mass index (BMI), serum lipids, and fat‐soluble vitamin levels. We hypothesized that serum lipids and vitamin levels would increase with CFTR modulator therapy and that greater increase in lipids and vitamin levels would be related to greater increase in BMI.MethodsA retrospective study was performed to evaluate the impact of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) on nutritional parameters, serum lipids, and fat‐soluble vitamin levels. Pre‐ETI values (<2 years prior) and post‐ETI values (>1 month after) were compared. Linear regression was used to evaluate whether change in BMI is associated with the change in lipid and/or vitamin levels and whether modulator duration is associated with the degree of rise in lipid and/or vitamin levels.ResultsAdults and adolescents with CF (n = 137) were evaluated before and 31–300 days after starting ETI. Median BMI (adults 21.9 vs. 23.5 kg/m2; adolescents 48 vs. 63 percentile) increased after initiation of ETI. Total cholesterol (126 vs. 154 mg/dL), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (63 vs. 78 mg/dL), non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (84 vs. 102 mg/dL), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (43 vs. 49 mg/dL) increased after ETI, while triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein did not change. Median values for vitamin D (34.5 vs. 38.0 ng/mL) and vitamin A (40.1 vs. 47.9 µg/dL) increased, while vitamin E did not change significantly. There was no significant correlation between BMI change or duration of modulator therapy with vitamin levels or lipid changes.ConclusionAfter initiation of ETI therapy, serum lipids increased in our population, but most values remained within the normal range. Vitamins A and D levels increased post‐ETI and no changes were noted in vitamin E. No significant correlation between the degree of BMI change and the magnitude of increase in lipids or vitamin levels was found.
Regional pulmonary oxygen saturations in late preterm and term infants with respiratory distress at birth
Authors: Yasa Beril , Kersin Sinem Gülcan , Cetinkaya Merih , Ozek Eren , Bilgen Hulya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundMeasurement of regional pulmonary oxygen saturation by near‐infrared spectroscopy is a novel monitorization method. This study aimed to determine the early regional pulmonary oxygen saturations in neonates with respiratory distress.MethodsThis observational study was conducted at the delivery room in infants above 35 weeks of gestation who developed respiratory distress immediately after birth. Preductal oxygen saturation (Covidien Nellcor®) and regional oxygen saturations of both apical (raSO2) and basal regions (rbSO2) of right lung were measured (Covidien INVOS®) within the first 15 min of life and compared to those of healthy neonates.ResultsOf the 165 infants included to the study, 15 were late preterm and 55 developed respiratory distress. Infants with respiratory distress had significantly lower gestational age and birth weight. Regional pulmonary oxygenations at both apex and basal lung areas were positively correlated with SpO2 in all infants. The rbSO2 was significantly lower than raSO2 until 10th minute of life regardless of respiratory distress. The fractionized tissue oxygen extraction of both apical and basal lung areas was significantly higher in infants with respiratory distress until 5th minute of life.ConclusionThis study is one of the pioneer studies evaluating the early pulmonary oxygenation values of infants with respiratory distress. Oxygenation of apical lung regions are better than basal areas. Higher fractionized tissue oxygen extraction showed the impaired pulmonary perfusion in infants with respiratory distress.
Hypoventilation in patients with Prader‐Willi syndrome across the pediatric age
Authors: Chen Catherine , Ioan Iulia , Thieux Marine , Nicolino Marc , Franco Patricia , Coutier Laurianne 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesFew data on alveolar hypoventilation in Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) are available and the respiratory follow‐up of these patients is not standardized. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of alveolar hypoventilation in children with PWS and identify potential risk factors.Study DesignThis retrospective study included children with PWS recorded by polysomnography (PSG) with transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure (PtcCO2) or end‐tidal CO2 (ETCO2) measurements, between 2007 and 2021, in a tertiary hospital center. The primary outcome was the presence of alveolar hypoventilation defined as partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) ≥ 50 mmHg during ≥2% of total sleep time (TST) or more than five consecutive minutes.ResultsAmong the 57 included children (38 boys, median age 4.8 years, range 0.1–15.6, 60% treated with growth hormone [GH], 37% obese), 19 (33%) had moderate‐to‐severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (defined as obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index ≥5/h) and 20 (35%) had hypoventilation. The median (range) pCO2 max was 49 mmHg (38–69). Among the children with hypoventilation, 25% were asymptomatic. Median age and GH treatment were significantly higher in children with hypoventilation compared to those without. There was no significant difference in terms of sex, BMI, obstructive or central apnea‐hypopnea index between both groups.ConclusionThe frequency of alveolar hypoventilation in children and adolescents with PWS is of concern and may increase with age and GH treatment. A regular screening by oximetry‐capnography appears to be indicated whatever the sex, BMI, and rate of obstructive or central apneas.
Nanocurcumin supplementation improves pulmonary function in severe COPD patients: A randomized, double blind, and placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Zare'i Mahdieh , Rabieepour Masoumeh , Ghareaghaji Rasoul , Zarrin Rasoul , Faghfouri Amir Hossein 
Published: January 2024

AbstractConsidering the anti‐inflammatory properties of curcumin, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of nano‐curcumin on respiratory indices and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients as a common pulmonary disease causing restricted airflow and breathing problems. In the current double‐blind placebo‐controlled randomized clinical trial study, 60 patients with stages 3 and 4 COPD were randomly assigned into 80 mg nano‐curcumin (n = 30) and placebo groups (n = 30) for 3 months. The effect of nano‐curcumin on pulmonary function was evaluated by the first second of forced expiration (FEV1) to the full, forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio. IL‐6 serum level, blood pressure, and anthropometric indices were also measured. Nano‐curcumin supplementation led to a significant decrease in IL‐6 level (p < 0.001) and an increase in FEV1 (p < 0.001), FVC (p = 0.003), and FEV1/FVC (p < 0.001) compared to placebo at the endpoint. Nano‐curcumin had a significantly increasing effect on weight and body mass index compared to the placebo group (PANCOVA adjusted for baseline values = 0.042). There was a meaningful improvement in systolic blood pressure in the nano‐curcumin group compared to the placebo group (PANCOVA adjusted for baseline values = 0.026). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio, and diastolic blood pressure (PANCOVA adjusted for baseline values >0.05). Nano‐curcumin supplement seems to have favorable effects on inflammation status and respiratory indices of patients with severe COPD.
The study of electronic and optical properties of ZnO/MoS2 and its vacancy heterostructures by first principles
Authors: Wang Xiao , Zhang Hongyu , Yu Wen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBased on the first principles calculation, the effects of vacancies on the structural, electronic and optical properties of ZnO/MoS2 heterostructure are investigated in this work. The results show that vacancies could exist stably in the heterojunctions and cause a significant decrease in bandgap. ZnO/MoS2 with an O vacancy maintains semiconductor property with a bandgap of 0.119 eV, while heterostructure with a Zn vacancy exhibits metallic characteristic. Furthermore, the absorption capability of defective heterojunctions has been extended to infrared light region with obvious redshift. To sum up, vacancy engineering effectively changes the electronic and optical properties of ZnO/MoS2 heterostructure, which provides a feasible approach for adjusting the optoelectronic properties of two‐dimensional heterostructures and broadening their application in functional nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices.
An unexpected case of broncholithiasis secondary to pulmonary nocardiosis
Authors: Chhor Louis , Tumali Reditta Soraya , Östberg Caroline , Macdonald Andrew , Wade Christine 
Published: January 2024

Key messagePersistent productive cough despite appropriate treatment warrants consideration of flexible bronchoscopy to obtain bronchial specimens for culture. Endobronchial examination of airways may reveal signs of infection in the form of purulent secretions, sputum plugs or in this case, an unexpected finding of a calcified broncholithiasis secondary to Nocardia infection.
Virus‐induced host cell metabolic alteration
Authors: Bappy Syed Shahariar , Haque Asim Md. Muzammal , Ahasan Mohammad Mainul , Ahsan Asif , Sultana Sorna , Khanam Roksana , Shibly Abu Zaffar , Kabir Yearul 
Published: January 2024

AbstractViruses change the host cell metabolism to produce infectious particles and create optimal conditions for replication and reproduction. Numerous host cell pathways have been modified to ensure available biomolecules and sufficient energy. Metabolomics studies conducted over the past decade have revealed that eukaryotic viruses alter the metabolism of their host cells on a large scale. Modifying pathways like glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis and glutaminolysis could provide potential energy for virus multiplication. Thus, almost every virus has a unique metabolic signature and a different relationship between the viral life cycle and the individual metabolic processes. There are enormous research in virus induced metabolic reprogramming of host cells that is being conducted through numerous approaches using different vaccine candidates and antiviral drug substances. This review provides an overview of viral interference to different metabolic pathways and improved monitoring in this area will open up new ways for more effective antiviral therapies and combating virus induced oncogenesis.
The impact of trained immunity in respiratory viral infections
Authors: Piret Jocelyne , Boivin Guy 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEpidemic peaks of respiratory viruses that co‐circulate during the winter‐spring seasons can be synchronous or asynchronous. The occurrence of temporal patterns in epidemics caused by some respiratory viruses suggests that they could negatively interact with each other. These negative interactions may result from a programme of innate immune memory, known as trained immunity, which may confer broad protective effects against respiratory viruses. It is suggested that stimulation of innate immune cells by a vaccine or a pathogen could induce their long‐term functional reprogramming through an interplay between metabolic and epigenetic changes, which influence the transcriptional response to a secondary challenge. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the circulation of most respiratory viruses was prevented by non‐pharmacological interventions and then resumed at unusual periods once sanitary measures were lifted. With time, respiratory viruses should find again their own ecological niches. This transition period provides an opportunity to study the interactions between respiratory viruses at the population level.