bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regeneration of skeletal muscle from transplanted immortalised myoblasts is oligoclonal
Authors: Cousins Joanne C. , Woodward Karen J. , Gross Jacqueline G. , Partridge Terence A. , Morgan Jennifer E. 
Published: June 2004

Myoblasts transplanted into muscles of recipient mice mostly die, only a minor stem cell-like subpopulation surviving and participating in muscle regeneration. To investigate this phenomenon further, we used a retrovirus expressing β-galactosidase to provide a unique marker for satellite-cell-derived muscle precursor cells, before transplanting them into myopathic mdx nu/nu mouse muscle. We employed inverse polymerase chain reaction to identify viral integrations, to follow the fate of clones present within the injected cells.Mass-infected cultures contained many marked clones, some of which contributed disproportionately to muscle regeneration. Although no particular clones showed overall predominance, some were present in more than one injected muscle, an eventuality unlikely to arise by chance. Conversely, in grafts of muscle precursor cells that had either been labelled as sparse satellite-cell derived cultures, or had been cloned, all clones were shown to be able to survive and form muscle in vivo. Moreover, all clones contributed to further generations of new-formed muscle fibres following a series of injuries administered to injected muscles, demonstrating that some cells of each clone had been retained as stem-cell-like muscle precursors. Furthermore, retrovirally marked satellite-cell-derived clones were derived from muscles that had been injected with marked muscle precursor cells. These cells formed muscle following their transplantation into a new host mouse, confirming their stem cell properties.
Preprocedural C-Reactive Protein Is Not Associated with Angiographic Restenosis or Target Lesion Revascularization after Coronary Artery Stent Placement
Authors: Rittersma Saskia Z H , de Winter Robbert J , Koch Karel T , Schotborgh Carl E , Bax Matthijs , Heyde Gerlind S , van Straalen Jan P , Mulder Karla J , Tijssen Jan G P , Sanders Gerard T , Piek Jan J 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
Background: We assessed the predictive value of preprocedural plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and statin therapy on 6 months angiographic and 1-year clinical outcome after nonurgent coronary stent placement.
Methods and Results: Baseline plasma high-sensitivity CRP concentrations were prospectively measured in 345 patients undergoing elective stent placement in a native coronary artery. The binary angiographic in-stent restenosis (ISR; stenosis ≥50% of vessel diameter) rate was 19% in patients with CRP values within the reference interval (≤3 mg/L) and 22% in patients with CRP &gt;3 mg/L [odds ratio (OR) = 1.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.73–2.09]. Statin therapy in a univariate analysis significantly reduced both angiographic and clinical ISR rates. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified unstable angina, smoking, and stent length, but neither CRP concentration nor statin therapy as independent predictors for angiographic ISR. Patients with an abnormal CRP value showed a trend toward a higher risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction (3.8% vs 0.5%; OR = 7.43; 95% CI, 0.87–61.65). Target lesion revascularization rates did not differ between the two groups (9.6% vs 10.6%; OR = 1.13; 95% CI, 0.56–2.28). In multivariate analysis, male sex (OR = 0.44, 95% CI, 0.19–0.97) and statin therapy (OR = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09–0.68) were independent predictors for the occurrence of target lesion revascularization.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated a lack of association between preprocedural plasma CRP concentrations and angiographic coronary ISR or clinically driven target lesion revascularization. Patients with an abnormal CRP concentration showed a trend toward higher risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction during 1 year of follow-up. Statin therapy was independently associated with decreased clinically driven target lesion revascularization, underlining the beneficial effects of statins on clinical outcome.
Variability in Activity of Hepatic CYP3A4 in Patients Infected with HIV
Authors: Slain Douglas , Pakyz Amy , Israel Debra S. , Monroe Sara , Polk Ron E. 
Published: June 2004

Study Objectives. To evaluate hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 activity in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using the erythromycin breath test (ERMBT), and to examine the relationship of the ERMBT to plasma concentrations of indinavir and nelfinavir.Design. Prospective observational study.Setting. University infectious diseases clinic.Subjects. Thirty‐nine HIV‐positive patients and 47 healthy controls.Intervention. After the ERMBT in patients and controls, 25 patients received indinavir or nelfinavir.Measurements and Main Results. Compared with controls, ERMBT variability was significantly greater in HIV‐positive patients, including a subset of 19 patients receiving no concurrent drugs reported to alter CYP3A4 activity. Correlation between the ERMBT and first‐dose plasma indinavir concentrations nearly reached statistical significance (p=0.07).Conclusion. Variability in hepatic activity of CYP3A4 in HIV‐positive patients may be greater than in controls and may explain some between‐subject variability in plasma concentrations of indinavir. However, clearance mechanisms for protease inhibitors are complex, and if it is important to assess systemic exposure, the ERMBT is not a substitute for direct measurement of plasma concentrations.
Cost‐Minimization Analysis of Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin in the Emergency Department
Authors: Touchette Daniel R. , Rhoney Denise H. 
Published: June 2004

Study Objective. To determine the value of fosphenytoin compared with phenytoin for treating patients admitted to an emergency department following a seizure.Design. Cost‐minimization analysis performed from a hospital perspective.Setting. Hospital emergency department.Patients. Two hundred fifty‐six patients participating in a comparative clinical trial.Intervention. Estimation of adverse event rates and resource use.Measurements and Main Results. In our base case, phenytoin was the preferred option, with an expected total treatment cost of $5.39 compared with $110.14 for fosphenytoin. One‐way sensitivity analyses showed that the frequency and cost of treating purple glove syndrome (PGS) possibly could affect the decision. Monte Carlo simulation showed phenytoin to be the preferred option 97.3% of the time.Conclusion. When variable costs of care are used to calculate the value of phenytoin compared with fosphenytoin in the emergency department, phenytoin is preferred. The decision to administer phenytoin was very robust and changed only when both the frequency and cost of PGS was high.
A New Ciprofloxacin Stepdown Program in the Treatment of High‐Risk Febrile Neutropenia: A Clinical and Economic Analysis
Authors: Marra Carlo A. , Frighetto Luciana , Quaia Carlo B. , de Lemos Mario L. , Warkentin Dawn, I. , Marra Fawziah. , Jewesson Peter J. 
Published: June 2004

Study Objective. To determine treatment outcomes and economic impact of a ciprofloxacin stepdown program for high‐risk febrile neutropenic adults from the hospital's perspective.Design. Unblinded, two‐phase, single‐center study.Setting. Adult leukemia and stem cell transplant unit.Patients. High‐risk adults with febrile neutropenia.Intervention. Two conditions were analyzed: a multidisciplinary ciprofloxacin stepdown program involving a reduction in parenteral ciprofloxacin dose from 400 to 200 mg (i.v.‐i.v.) and conversion to oral ciprofloxacin (i.v.‐p.o.) when criteria were met; and no i.v.‐i.v. stepdown program.Measurements and Main Results. Forty‐six sequential treatment courses were compared with 42 treatment course from 6‐month periods in preintervention (P1) and postintervention (P2) phases. Assessed parameters were clinical and microbiologic outcomes, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and direct medical resource use and costs (1998 $Canadian) for the episode of febrile neutropenia. A decision analytic model was used to map probabilities and costs and to conduct sensitivity analyses. To supplement standard statistical testing, 1000 bootstrap samples were created, and the mean cost difference was calculated between phases for each sample. Patient demographics, percentage i.v.‐p.o. stepdown, and duration of therapy were similar between phases. Clinical success (83% P1, 81% P2), microbiologic eradication (15% P1, 24% P2), and possible ADRs (6% P1, 9% P2) did not differ. Intravenous‐to‐intravenous dose stepdown occurred in 33% of P2 and no P1 treatment courses (p<0.001). Resource use and costs were similar between phases, although a reduction was seen in the drug's mean total cost/day ($58 P1, $52 P2, p=0.04). There was also a trend toward a decrease in mean total treatment costs ($4843 P1, $3493 P2, p=0.08). In 1000 bootstrap samples, 99.8% showed a cost advantage for P2. The model was robust to sensitivity analyses.Conclusion. This intervention influenced administration of ciprofloxacin without apparent compromise of patient outcomes and resulted in a reduction in total costs of treating febrile neutropenia.
Resolving signal drift in the wall‐mounted camera of the RGSC system
Authors: Park Jeonghoon , Gagneur Justin D. , Chungbin Suzanne J. , Rong Yi , Lim Seng Boh , Chan Maria F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeTo present a modified calibration method to reduce signal drift due to table sagging in Respiratory Gating for Scanner (RGSC) systems with a wall‐mounted camera.Materials and MethodsApproximately 70 kg of solid water phantoms were evenly distributed on the CT couch, mimicking the patient's weight. New calibration measurements were performed at 9 points at the combination of three lateral positions, the CT isocenter and ±10 cm laterally from the isocenter, and three longitudinal locations, the CT isocenter and ±30 cm or ±40 cm from the isocenter. The new calibration was tested in two hospitals.ResultsImplementing the new weighed calibration method at the extended distance yielded improved results during the DIBH scan, reducing the drift to within 1 from 3 mm. The extended calibration positions exhibited similarly reduced drift in both hospitals, reinforcing the method's robustness and its potential applicability across all centers.ConclusionThis proposed solution aims to minimize the systematic error in radiation delivery for patients undergoing motion management with wall‐mounted camera RGSC systems, especially in conjunction with a bariatric CT couchtop.
A novel score to predict progression in anterior circulation single subcortical infarction patients
Authors: Lin Jing , Ruan Shiying , Sun Weipeng , Dong Liangbin , Li Shumeng , Huang Qin , Mao Xiaocheng , Zhang Jinchong , Zou Keji , Zhang Hudie , Huang Pengcheng , Fang Pu , Li Xiaobing , Fan Yuhua , Hong Daojun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveProgressive infarction (PI) has a negative effect on functional prognosis. Our study aimed to develop and validate a risk score for predicting PI in patients with anterior circulation single subcortical infarction (ACSSI).MethodsBetween January 2020 and October 2022, we retrospectively enrolled 638 eligible patients with ACSSI. Two‐thirds of the eligible patients were randomly allocated to the training cohort (n = 425). Another resampling sample was formed through the bootstrap method and was used as the validation group (n = 425). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent factors associated with PI. Each factor was then point assigned based on β‐coefficient and a risk scoring system was developed. This scoring system was internally validated through 1000‐bootstrap resamplings. The C‐statistic and Hosmer‐Lemeshow test were used to assess model discrimination and calibration.ResultsPI occurred in 121 patients, accounting for 19.0% of the total patients. A 7‐point NTS score system based on the initial NIHSS score, triglyceride‐glucose index, and the number of infarct slices on axial diffusion‐weighted imaging was developed. The NTS score showed good discrimination and calibration in the training cohort (C‐statistic = 0.686; p value of Hosmer–Lemeshow test = 0.797) and validation cohort (C‐statistic = 0.681; p value of Hosmer–Lemeshow test = 0.451). The three risk levels for predicting PI in the training and validation cohorts based on NTS score were as follows: low (0–2, 9.6% vs. 9.3%), intermediate (3–5, 28.2% vs. 26.7%), and high risk (6–7, 60.2% vs. 57.4%).InterpretationThe NTS score is a valid and convenient risk score for predicting PI in ACSSI patients.
Electrostatically Shielded Transportation Enabling Accelerated Na+ Diffusivity in High‐Performance Fluorophosphate Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Jinjin , Jing Hongbo , Wang Xiaomei , Xue Yaqing , Liang Qinghua , Qi Weihong , Yu Hong , Du Cheng‐Feng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA typical polyanionic based material Na3V2(PO4)2O2F (Na3VPO2F) attracts much interest as a cathode for large‐scale sodium‐ion batteries in consideration of its stable structure and remarkable energy density. Nevertheless, the large coulombic attraction and repulsion suffered by the mobile Na+ from structural anions and surrounding Na+, respectively, result in a torpid reaction kinetics and inferior rate capability. Herein, Br−‐doped and Na+ vacancy preinstalled Na3−yVPO2−xBrxF is prepared to dilute the charges on and inside the Na+ transportation tunnel. In virtue of density functional theory analysis, Na3−yVPO2−xBrxF reveals a reduction in the bandgap and an increase in electronic conductivity. Meanwhile, the almost electrostatically shielded tunnel in Na3−yVPO2−xBrxF alleviates the coulombic hindrance imposed on Na+ during its (de)intercalation, which demonstrates a Na+ diffusivity about five times higher than that of Na3VPO2F. Consequently, the Na3−yVPO2−xBrxF cathode shows a superior rate capacity of 77.7 mAh g−1 under 50 C and great cycling property corresponding to a high capacity retention of 94.4% over 800 cycles at 10 C. The assembled Na3−yVPO2−xBrxF//hard‐carbon sodium‐ion full‐cell presents excellent specific energy/power (226 Wh kg−1@15424.2 W kg−1) as well as outstanding long‐term cyclic stability over 1000 cycles at 5 C.
Multimodal Soft Robotic Actuation and Locomotion
Authors: Yao Dickson R. , Kim Inho , Yin Shukun , Gao Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDiverse and adaptable modes of complex motion observed at different scales in living creatures are challenging to reproduce in robotic systems. Achieving dexterous movement in conventional robots can be difficult due to the many limitations of applying rigid materials. Robots based on soft materials are inherently deformable, compliant, adaptable, and adjustable, making soft robotics conducive to creating machines with complicated actuation and motion gaits. This review examines the mechanisms and modalities of actuation deformation in materials that respond to various stimuli. Then, strategies based on composite materials are considered to build toward actuators that combine multiple actuation modes for sophisticated movements. Examples across literature illustrate the development of soft actuators as free‐moving, entirely soft‐bodied robots with multiple locomotion gaits via careful manipulation of external stimuli. The review further highlights how the application of soft functional materials into robots with rigid components further enhances their locomotive abilities. Finally, taking advantage of the shape‐morphing properties of soft materials, reconfigurable soft robots have shown the capacity for adaptive gaits that enable transition across environments with different locomotive modes for optimal efficiency. Overall, soft materials enable varied multimodal motion in actuators and robots, positioning soft robotics to make real‐world applications for intricate and challenging tasks.
Feeding tube use and complications in Prader‐Willi syndrome: Data from the Global Prader‐Willi Syndrome Registry
Authors: Roy Sani M. , Rafferty Deborah , Trejo Amy , Hamilton Luke , Bohonowych Jessica E. , Strong Theresa V. , Ambartsumyan Lusine , Cantu Samson , Scheimann Ann , Duis Jessica 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGuidance on indications for, and types of, feeding tubes recommended in Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) is needed. A Global PWS Registry survey was developed to investigate nasogastric (NG) and gastrostomy (G) tube use and associated complications. Of 346 participants, 242 (69.9%) had NG‐tubes, 17 (4.9%) had G‐tubes, and 87 (25.1%) had both NG‐ and G‐tubes. Primary indication for placement was “feeding difficulties and/or poor weight gain” for both NG‐ (90.2%) and G‐tubes (71.2%), while “aspiration/breathing difficulties” was the procedural indication for 6.4% of NG‐tubes and 23.1% of G‐tubes. NG‐tubes were generally removed by age 6 months (NG Only: 82.9%; NG/G: 98.8%), while G‐tubes were often removed by age 2 years (G Only: 85.7%; NG/G: 70.5%). The severe complication rate from G‐tubes was 31.7% and from NG‐tubes was 1.2%. Overall, caregivers indicated the presence of an NG‐ or G‐tube had a positive effect on quality of life. Feeding difficulties in PWS are largely managed by NG‐tube alone. The severe complication rate from G‐tubes was about 25 times higher than from NG‐tubes; yet, G‐tube placement rates have generally increased. G‐tube placement puts individuals with PWS at risk for anesthesia and surgery‐related complications and should be considered judiciously by a multidisciplinary team.
Development of Synthetic Route for 3‐Amino‐5‐halo‐2‐iodobenzoates: Versatile Starting Materials in Pharmaceuticals Synthesis
Authors: Park Jinjae , Seo Ju‐Ahn , Cheon Cheol‐Hong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA novel synthetic route to 3‐amino‐5‐halo‐2‐iodobenzoates, which are used as versatile starting materials in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, was developed using commercially available 2‐aminobenzoates bearing a suitable halogen atom at the C5 position as the starting material. Synthesis was initiated with the introduction of a nitro group at the C3 position of the appropriate 2‐aminobenzoates, forming 2‐amino‐3‐nitrobenzoates with a C5‐halogen atom. The subsequent conversion of the C2‐amino group to an iodide yielded 5‐halo‐2‐iodo‐3‐nitrobenzoates, which were further converted into the desired 3‐amino‐5‐halo‐2‐iodobenzoates by reducing the C3‐nitro group to an amino group. It is worth noting that this transformation can be conducted on a 50 mmol scale, and the desired benzoate compounds were obtained in good yield, demonstrating the practical applicability of this protocol.
Axial–Equatorial Halide Ordering in Layered Hybrid Perovskites from Isotropic–Anisotropic 207Pb NMR
Authors: Hope Michael A. , Cordova Manuel , Mishra Aditya , Gunes Ummugulsum , Caiazzo Alessandro , Datta Kunal , Janssen René A. J. , Emsley Lyndon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBandgap‐tuneable mixed‐halide 3D perovskites are of interest for multi‐junction solar cells, but suffer from photoinduced spatial halide segregation. Mixed‐halide 2D perovskites are more resistant to halide segregation and are promising coatings for 3D perovskite solar cells. The properties of mixed‐halide compositions depend on the local halide distribution, which is challenging to study at the level of single octahedra. In particular, it has been suggested that there is a preference for occupation of the distinct axial and equatorial halide sites in mixed‐halide 2D perovskites. 207Pb NMR can be used to probe the atomic‐scale structure of lead‐halide materials, but although the isotropic 207Pb shift is sensitive to halide stoichiometry, it cannot distinguish configurational isomers. Here, we use 2D isotropic–anisotropic correlation 207Pb NMR and relativistic DFT calculations to distinguish the [PbX6] configurations in mixed iodide–bromide 3D FAPb(Br1−xIx)3 perovskites and 2D BA2Pb(Br1−xIx)4 perovskites based on formamidinium (FA+) and butylammonium (BA+), respectively. We find that iodide preferentially occupies the axial site in BA‐based 2D perovskites, which may explain the suppressed halide mobility.
Conditional Cooperativity in RAS Assembly Pathways on Nanodiscs and Altered GTPase Cycling
Authors: Lee Soo‐Yeon , Lee Ki‐Young 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSelf‐assemblies (i.e., nanoclusters) of the RAS GTPase on the membrane act as scaffolds that activate downstream RAF kinases and drive MAPK signaling for cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanistic details of nanoclustering remain largely unknown. Here, size‐tunable nanodisc platforms and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) analyses revealed the structural basis of the cooperative assembly processes of fully processed KRAS, mutated in a quarter of human cancers. The cooperativity is modulated by the mutation and nucleotide states of KRAS and the lipid composition of the membrane. Notably, the oncogenic mutants assemble in nonsequential pathways with two mutually cooperative ‘α/α’ and ‘α/β’ interfaces, while α/α dimerization of wild‐type KRAS promotes the secondary α/β interaction sequentially. Mutation‐based interface engineering was used to selectively trap the oligomeric intermediates of KRAS and probe their favorable interface interactions. Transiently exposed interfaces were available for the assembly. Real‐time NMR demonstrated that higher‐order oligomers retain higher numbers of active GTP‐bound protomers in KRAS GTPase cycling. These data provide a deeper understanding of the nanocluster‐enhanced signaling in response to the environment. Furthermore, our methodology is applicable to assemblies of many other membrane GTPases and lipid nanoparticle‐based formulations of stable protein oligomers with enhanced cooperativity.
Concentrated Formic Acid from CO2 Electrolysis for Directly Driving Fuel Cell
Authors: Zhang Chao , Hao Xiaobin , Wang Jiatang , Ding Xiayu , Zhong Yuan , Jiang Yawen , Wu Ming‐Chung , Long Ran , Gong Wanbing , Liang Changhao , Cai Weiwei , Low Jingxiang , Xiong Yujie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe production of formic acid via electrochemical CO2 reduction may serve as a key link for the carbon cycle in the formic acid economy, yet its practical feasibility is largely limited by the quantity and concentration of the product. Here we demonstrate continuous electrochemical CO2 reduction for formic acid production at 2 M at an industrial‐level current densities (i.e., 200 mA cm−2) for 300 h on membrane electrode assembly using scalable lattice‐distorted bismuth catalysts. The optimized catalysts also enable a Faradaic efficiency for formate of 94.2 % and a highest partial formate current density of 1.16 A cm−2, reaching a production rate of 21.7 mmol cm−2 h−1. To assess the practicality of this system, we perform a comprehensive techno‐economic analysis and life cycle assessment, showing that our approach can potentially substitute conventional methyl formate hydrolysis for industrial formic acid production. Furthermore, the resultant formic acid serves as direct fuel for air‐breathing formic acid fuel cells, boasting a power density of 55 mW cm−2 and an exceptional thermal efficiency of 20.1 %.