bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
10
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If we attack a people’s depraved customs without first having laid the basis of an education grounded in belief in a Higher Being, we shall encounter an impenetrable wall of selfish resistance and find yesterday’s peaceful lambs turned into raging wolves. If we tell the Canibus and the Huachipairis not to eat the flesh of their prisoners but do not previously impart to them the notions of humanity, brotherly love, and respect for the dignity and rights of others, then we, too, shall soon become food for those cannibals, whose tribes are scattered through the wild mountains of Ucayali and Madre de Dios. We believe that what happens in as in every small town of the Peruvian hinterland, is only another form of that savagery. The lack of schools, the lack of good faith on the part of the clergy, and the obvious depravity of those few who exploit the ignorance and consequent docility of the many, drive these towns ever farther away from true civilization, which, were it ever solidly established, would enrich our country with large areas capable of making it great.
15
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
She sun of bliss was shedding its purest rays on Dona Petronila’s house. Dona Petronila was a happy mother, because, after a long absence, her arms had held her beloved Manuel, the darling son who filled her dreams at night and was the joy of her gloomy days. He had left Killac a boy and had returned a fine upstanding man, not having wasted a single day of his schooling. Now he was sitting by his mother, holding her hands in his, gazing on her in rapture, and chatting about family matters. Don Fernando and Lucia appeared in the doorway; and on seeing them, Dona Petronila and Manuel stood up and Dona Petronila introduced her son in that special language that good mothers have invented, saying, “Senora Lucia, Senor Marin, this is Manuelito, my boy, who was such a little fellow when he left.”
20
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The arrival of Marcela, carried on a rough wooden stretcher, wounded, widowed, and followed by the two orphans, at the same house she had left the day before cheerful and happy, had such a powerful effect on Lucia, who was alone at the time, that she could not restrain her tears as she went to receive her. She had the stretcher placed in a tidy room, put her arms around Rosalia, caressed Margarita, and spoke to both of them, calling them “my dears, poor little ones, my pretties.” Then she sat down by Marcela and said to her, “Oh my dear, how much resignation you need now! I beg you to be calm, to have patience.” “Nifiay, haven’t you learned better than to protect us?” the Indian said in a weak voice and with a listless look; but Lucia, without answering her question, remarked, “How weak she is!” and turning to two servants who were near the door, she ordered them, “Get her a little chicken broth with a few slices of toast and a soft-boiled egg.
5
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The news of the subprefect’s arrival in Killac spread as quickly as Don Sebastian had anticipated, and with the same speed the citizens of the town gathered in the governor’s house. As they arrived, they addressed the subprefect, who solemnly awaited them in Don Se bastian’s parlor, in these terms: “We were delighted to hear your excellency was coming, Colonel,” said one. “Yes, your excellency. Now things will be run properly,” added another. “All the gentry of the town congratulate your excellency,” yet another explained. And they all made their comments on events, repeating the “excel lency,” which they seemed to consider an appropriate title, and speaking, as usual, in chorus.
9
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In view of Don Sebastian’s weakness of character it was to be expected that his situation would grow more difficult after his meeting with the subprefect and after what passed between him and Dona Petronila. Manuel felt that the scene that had taken place in Don Sebastian’s bedroom, when he had dragged him away by force to save his mother from abuse by a drunkard, was humiliating; yet Manuel also knew that there are domestic scenes that entail no humiliation if they take place within the family home, and so he met the insults of his mother’s husband with manly composure, until sleep closed Don Sebastian’s eyes and restored peace between father and son. Once Pancorbo was sound asleep, Manuel went to look for his mother and found her weeping. He kissed her on the forehead, wiped away her tears, and said, “Courage, Mother; save your tears for when I am no longer by your side.” “Oh Manuel, I’m so unhappy!” Dona Petronila answered, sobbing.
17
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After sacrificing four heifers to her friend Escobedo’s greed, Mar tina, the wife oflsidro Champi, ran home, frightened by the news that her husband’s imprisonment was due to his having rung the bells at the time of the riot; and once home, she collected Isidro’s ponchos and went to the jail. The jailer let her come in, and when she saw her husband she burst into uncontrollable tears. “Isidro, Isidrocha, what have they done to you? Ay! Your hands and mine are clean, we haven’t stolen anything or killed anyone. Ay!” the poor woman said. “Patience, Martica; save your tears and pray to Our Blessed Mother,” Isidro answered, trying to calm his wife, who dried her eyes with the edge of one of the ponchos and replied, “You know, Isidro, I’ve gone to see our friend Escobedo and he says he’ll have you out in no time.”
19
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The change in the governing authorities of the province took place peacefully. The new subprefect sent the usual circulars to the local officials, invoking Law, Justice, and Equity. Once the festivities at Teodora’s house had ended, Don Gaspar came to Killac to give his virtuous daughter a personal account of all that had happened in Saucedo after her flight, to thank his friend Dofia Petronila for her hospitality, and to return with Teodora to their peaceful country life until the time should come for her to marry honest Mariano. No one could account for the whereabouts of Colonel Don Bruno de Paredes, because after a few miles’ ride he had dismissed his escort and gone off by himself to look for a safe hiding place. In subsequent days it did transpire that the property tax fund was notably depleted and that the Indian population held a sizable number of receipts for payment of a mandatory individual tax specially invented by his excellency and titled Public Education Fee.
24
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For the inhabitants of a small town, seeing someone taken to jail is an event comparable to a fire in a larger place. When Don Sebastian, Estefano, and the rest were led out of Don Fernando’s house surrounded by soldiers, the citizens all watched from their doors, an amazing number of boys gathered, and all over town you could hear Manuel, employing all his manly fortitude to master the torment in his soul, said to Dona Petronila, “Be brave, Mother. Put your trust in God and don’t be frightened.” He offered her his arm and led her home through streets as far removed as possible from all the turmoil. Dona Petronila, thoughtful and calm by temperament, shed a few tears and followed her son silently and with a firm step. Once at home, she told him, “Leave me now, Manuel, and go do your duty.” Manuel, who already had some general knowledge of the law, immediately drew up a petition challenging the jurisdiction of the court, arguing his father’s innocence, and offering to produce supporting witnesses, a list of whom he attached on a separate sheet, along with the questions they were to answer within the time required by law. Then he went to the office of the judge who was to handle the case and spoke with several persons. He spent that whole night studying the criminal code, marking certain articles with a pencil, and writing lengthy drafts on large sheets of paper. He opened his desk drawer, took out some papers, and began to go through them.
28
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Manuel’s efforts had increased a hundredfold in the course of the day. He came home and told his mother, “Everything’s going well, Mother; it seems as though God is watching over my hopes. Don Sebastian and Champi are getting out of jail. The order’s just been sent to the warden, and when the time comes I’ll go for Don Sebastian myself” “So the judge has agreed... And what conditions did he impose?” asked Dona Petronila. ‘‘Just that he keep himself available and not leave town.” ‘‘And so we won’t be able to go away?” “You two won’t, but I’m leaving tomorrow so I can take the Thursday train and catch up with Don Fernando and my Margarita.” “But the case is still going on, son, and your father won’t know how to deal with it.” “I’ve taken care of everything for the few days I’ll be gone; and be sides that, when I come back I’ll bring Don Fernando’s written with drawal of the charges, so it wouldn’t matter if I hadn’t,” Manuel replied, walking about the room.
31
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Manuel’s journey was a happy one. It seemed as though the winged gods of Love and Marriage had allowed their balsam breath to fall on the snowy peaks and the prairies that he crossed on the train, unaware of the dangers that only days before had threatened the Marin family and with it his Margarita, that hymn of tenderness rising from the most delicate cords of his heart as from the Aeolian harp played by the angels of Happiness as they beat their ethereal wings over the immense plain. He, too, glimpsed the longed-for city in the Andean valley, which for him was the empress of the world because it sheltered the queen of his heart. He arrived; he took a room in the Casino Rosado, hurried through the necessary grooming, changed his clothes, and dashed off to the Imperial, saying to himself, “Thank you, Lord! I’m going to see her! How true it is that at the age of twenty our blood is hot and can bear no delay! Not one more day can I put off turning my dreams of happiness into reality... but... should I speak to Don Fernando right away? Ah, this need for prudence that holds back the impulses of our soul! During these days of her absence jealousy has already stung me with its poisoned barb.
32
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hanging in a cloudless sky, the moon, no longer quite full, was shedding its silvery light, which, though it neither heats nor strikes the eye like the rays of the sun, envelops nature in a sweet and serene melancholy and sheds a warm and perfumed air on those December nights made for lovers’ meetings. Manuel kept looking at his gold watch, restless and lost in thought. Finally the hands showed the appointed time, and he took his hat and rushed out. In the blue parlor of the Imperial, brilliantly lit by elegant crystal chandeliers, the door stood wide open. Margarita, leaning back in one of the chairs next to the table with the flowers, was playing with the hem of a white handkerchief, her mind off among the clouds of her dreams. All around her was deepest silence.
Waterfowl
Authors: Johnsgard Paul A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The only known obligate brood parasite among the waterfowl, and indeed among all species of birds having precocial young, is the South American black-headed duck. Now generally accepted to be a member of the stiff-tailed duck assemblage Oohnsgard and Carbonell, 1996), the black-headed duck is fairly widespread but relatively uncommon throughout much of temperate South America, especially Argentina. In this same general region, there are two other species of stiff-tailed ducks, as well as several other marsh-breeding ducks, coots, and other marshland birds that represent potential host species.
Porcelain Monkeys and Family Identities
Authors: Todd R Larry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The clarion call of the Enlightenment for religious tolerance found, per- haps, no more illuminating metaphor than the friendship of the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn—the composer’s grandfather—and the critic- playwright G. E. Lessing. Before their meeting in 1754 the young Lessing broached the issue in the comedy Die Juden (1749). A traveler foils two bandits, disguised as Jews, from assaulting a baron, who, offering his daughter’s hand in reward, discovers his rescuer is a Jew. The mores of the time thwart the wedding, yet the baron concedes, “How admirable the Jews would be if they were all like you!” To which the traveler rejoins: “And how amiable the Christians if they all had your qualities.”
In the Public Eye1827–1829
Authors: Todd R Larry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The old, antiquated phoenix is only waiting for his funeral pile, and will not be long finding it, for the time is at hand, and we shall live to see great things. —Fanny to Klingemann, April 14, 1828 Early on June 30, 1825, Zelter and the young builder C. T. Ottmer, escorted by bricklayers, carpenters, and the Singakademie management, assembled off Unter den Linden to lay the cornerstone of a new musical temple. Wielding a hammer, Zelter consecrated the first stone in the name of old Fasch. Designed by K. F. Schinkel, architect of Berlin neoclassicism, the new Singakademie became a living musical museum, its con- struction linked to Zelter, master mason and guardian of the Prussian musical heritage: on July 11 he secreted official documents inside the cornerstone and on December 11, his birthday, observed the capping-off ceremony. Work continued for about a year before Zelter held his first rehearsal in the new building; the public dedication followed on April 8, 1827, with a performance, appropriately, of Fasch’s monumental sixteen- voice Mass. Felix’s response was to compose his festive Te Deum for the new hall, which could accommodate 250 singers and an orchestra of 50, arranged in an amphitheatric arch within an oblong hall 84 by 42 feet. Zelter no doubt approved of the historicist composition, with its baroque, polychoral formations and ornate counterpoint, all furthering his agendum of glorifying past musical monuments. But by 1827, as Abraham realized, Felix had matured to the point that “his genius was now self-existent, and that further teaching would only fetter him.”
The Limits of Dialogue
Authors: Burgees John P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the mid-1980s, it was apparent that East German Marxist-Leninist thinkers saw religion as a problem that they could not easily explain away. Maintaining consistency with earlier Marxist-Leninist thinking, they asserted that religion was a distorted way of interpreting reality and that it would eventually disappear from socialist society. Yet they had reason to feel chastened. No longer could they foresee the quick eradication of religion; rather, it appeared that religion was surviving and even thriving in socialist soil.
Finding Them in Nature (and Bringing Them Home)
Authors: Howland John L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Getting to know microorganisms well requires studying them under controlled conditions, generally in a laboratory setting. Therefore, they must be plucked from their usual habitat (nature) and somehow induced to grow in culture, preferably without competing species. This procedure, called isolation, can require considerable strategy—for example, in developing isolation media based on a reasonable judgments about the metabolic capabilities of target organisms. (In this fashion, isolation procedures link metabolic biochemistry and ecology.) Indeed, it sometimes appears quite difficult; recall that some microorganisms known to exist in nature have resisted all attempts at isolation and, as a consequence, we don’t know very much about them. And when we (somehow) do learn more, for example, about their metabolism, then it often becomes much easier to obtain them in culture.
Looking Forward
Authors: Howland John L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have known about the Archaea for roughly two decades, a period of rapid discovery and not a few surprises. During this time, archaeal biology has stimulated us to think a great deal about early evolutionary history, which began roughly 3.8 billion years ago. Somehow, our minds can accommodate such expanses of time with relative ease; looking back—even a long way back—seems to come naturally.
South Sulawesi on Parade
Authors: Sutton R Anderson 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Boarding the Garuda Airlines airbus for the final international portion of my journey on 17 July 1993, I was startled out of my jet lag by a small item in the events calendar of the inflight magazine: South Sulawesi’s fourth annual Culture Week (Ind. Pekan Budaya) festival, scheduled to begin that very day in Ujung Pandang, the provincial capital where I was about to begin new research. When I arrived at Hasanuddin Airport three days later and boarded a cab for the twenty-seven-kilometer ride to downtown Ujung Pandang, my inquiries to the cab driver concerning the big cultural festival were met with a polite and dispassionate remark that, as far as he knew, there was no festival going on at the moment, and none planned, though there had been several in previous years. At the hotel where I stayed for my first few days, I encountered the same response. What a remarkable contrast to Yogyakarta and Bali, for example, where almost everyone is aware for months in advance of the big festivals in June and July, each of which in recent years has lasted for several weeks and been heavily promoted through the tourist infrastructure (hotels, airlines, ground transport, etc.).
From Ritual Enactment to Stage Entertainment
Authors: Sutton R Anderson 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The creation of secular entertainment from the performative aspects of ritual enactment has been widespread in Indonesia–indeed, in many parts of the world–resulting in enormous changes that often delegitimize practices and beliefs that may have held sway for generations. It is tempting to view all instances as part of a grand narrative of secularization and commodification, but the circumstances and motivations vary markedly. Certainly what has taken place in South Sulawesi has, in part, been a response to the global march to modernity. But other important conditions underlie the particular contours of performance history in South Sulawesi. Not least among these has been the subordinate position of local peoples under Dutch colonial rule and, subsequently, as Indonesians living under the hegemonic shadow of Javanese-dominated official culture.
Patriotism and Performance
Authors: Sutton R Anderson 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Indonesia’s Independence day, 17 August, is marked and celebrated annually in myriad ways around the archipelago. Official ceremonies in the nation’s capital, provincial capitals, and many districts combine flag raising and militaristic pomp with speeches and Islamic prayers. Yet many events surrounding this holiday each year feature performances of local music and dance, often centering on local and ethnic communities rather than the larger nation-state. In this chapter I wish to consider three events connected with Indonesia’s Independence Day in South Sulawesi: one in Tanete, Bulukumba, a village far from the provincial capital (1993); the second in Fort Ujung Pandang (= Fort Rotterdam), in downtown Ujung Pandang (1994); and the third a traveling performance presented in various sites in and around Ujung Pandang (1995).
Sound and Power
Authors: Sutton R Anderson 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As six women slowly entered the open stage in the warm evening air, their dance unfolded with subtle gestures, a steady calm upon each of their faces. To the right, a small group of musicians played fast and furious music, oboe squealing, two drums pulsating at superhuman tempos, and a small gong punctuating, but barely audible through the dense onslaught of drums and oboe. The drummers’ eyes stood wide open, staring forward as the tops of their heads bobbed rapidly back and forth, left to right; they shook their heads horizontally, seemingly as fast as their two hands alternated between the left and right heads of the drums.And at moments, to everone’s delight, they also rapidly raised and lowered their shoulders (ammikkik; unless otherwise noted, all foreign terms in this chapter are Makassarese) and occasionally came to an abrupt halt in their drumming as they placed their elbows on top of their drums. This was a staged performance of Makassarese pakarena, presented as part of the Culture Week festival I attended only three days after arriving in South Sulawesi for the first time, in July 1993 (see chapter 2). This utter contrast between exuberant music and restrained dance is widely recognized by Makassarese and other South Sulawesians themselves as an aesthetic puzzle, some interpretations of which will be elaborated below.
A Calling: Being True to Certain Ideals
Authors: Bryan Charles S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
William Osler’s triumphant journey through life can be understood in at least two complementary ways. On the one hand, he exemplifies the universal hero-myth as elucidated by mythologist Joseph Campbell (Figure 2.1). Summoned by a strange personage, the would-be hero leaves his hut or castle for an unknown realm, encounters a series of tests and helpers under the watchful eye of a shadow presence, and prevailing, brings back to society an elixir that restores something that it had lost. Sir Thomas Browne was Osler’s shadow presence, medicine his adventure, and the single-handed writing of a textbook his supreme ordeal. The textbook completed, he gave society a reconciliation of the old humanities with the emerging new medical science.
Minds and Bodies
Authors: Mcginn Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Minds and Bodies, one of philosophy’s most dynamic and versatile thinkers gathers nearly forty review essays written over the past twenty years for non-specialized publications. They cover biography, particularly of Russell and Wittgenstein; philosophy of mind, especially consciousness; and ethics, with an emphasis on applied ethics. Taken together these essays form a vivid picture of contemporary philosophy for the general reader, and will be welcomed by those within the philosophical community for their crisp critical insights and rigorous assessments.
Humphrey: Getting the Wiggle into the Act
Authors: Mcginn Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Consciousness is not sempiternal, it has a history, a natural genesis. Once upon a time the universe contained no consciousness; then it sprang up here and there; and now the planet is flooded with the stuff. This is not to make the trivial observation that what people think and feel changes over time and generations, sometimes quite radically; it is a point about the deep biological roots of consciousness. Just as animal bodies are products of a long evolutionary process, in which chance variation is rigorously winnowed by natural selection, so animal minds must have a remote genesis in the mechanisms of differential survival as they worked on the available materials. Eyes gradually emerged as engines for exploiting the information contained in light, relying on the given chemical and optical properties of matter; and consciousness likewise must have emerged for some good biological reason, building on the prior properties of organisms. The question is how and why this happened: how did mentality arise from cell tissue? Answering this question would tell us,inot merely about the etiology of consciousness; it would also help us to uriderstand the nature of consciousness-particularly its relation to its physical substrate. If we knew the history of mind, then we would have effectively solved the mind-body problem, since we would understand how consciousness arises from matter.