bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Bearing Clearance in Sugar Centrifuge Using Dimension Theory and Support Vector Machine on Vibration Measurement
Authors: Salunkhe Vishal G. , Desavale R. G. , Khot S. M. , Yelve Nitesh P. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Bearing fatigue life is significantly influenced by bearing clearance. Vibration monitoring of bearing clearance deviations can efficiently reveal bearing wear and give sufficient lead time for maintenance. This study investigates the dynamics of roller bearings utilizing the dimension theory with the support vector machine (SVM) technique for diagnosing the bearing clearance faults of revolving machines. The generation of local defects in rotating machines is closely related to the clearance behavior of the rotor-bearing system. A dynamic model of bearing with dimension theory by matrix method with SVM is developed for characteristics of bearing clearance considering the influence of local defects on the inner and outer bearings races. The characteristics of bearing internal radial clearance considering the impact of the defect on the bearing are analyzed. An experimental study has been performed to capture the vibration signature of radial clearance for different speeds and radial loads of the rotor. The rotor-bearing system equations are numerically integrated, and the results are validated with experimental findings. The collective effects among the four parameters (radial load, speed, defect size, radial clearance) are investigated in detail for the rotor-bearing system. The noisy signal is subsequently eliminated using the modulation signal bispectrum (MSB), and the peaks of the MSB results are represented by the bearing clearance indicator. The efficiency and reliability of the stated approach are evaluated using a specialized bearing test and a run-to-failure sugar centrifuge test. The results suggest that the proposed approach can detect a change in bearing clearance up to 40 µm.
Infectious bursal disease virus VP5 triggers host shutoff in a transcription-dependent manner
Authors: Niu Xinxin , Han Jinze , Huang Mengmeng , Wang Guodong , Zhang Yulong , Zhang Wenying , Yu Hangbo , Xu Mengmeng , Li Kai , Gao Li , Wang Suyan , Chen Yuntong , Cui Hongyu , Zhang Yanping , Liu Changjun , Wang Xiaomei , Gao Yulong , Qi Xiaole 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Viruses have evolved intricate mechanisms to evade host antiviral responses and exploit cellular resources by manipulating the expression profile of host genes. During infection, viruses encode proteins with shutoff activity to globally inhibit host protein synthesis, which is an effective strategy for immune evasion. In this study, compelling evidence shows that infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection triggers the suppression of host protein synthesis. Furthermore, using both
in vitro
and
in vivo
viral infection models, we have identified that IBDV specifically impedes the transcription of host genes via the shutoff activity of viral VP5, simultaneously conferring advantages to IBDV infection in these circumstances. The proposed mechanism suggests that VP5 competitively binds to RanBP1, disrupting the RanGDP/GTP gradient. This disruption interferes with cellular nucleocytoplasmic transport, impairing the nuclear import of proteins bearing nuclear localization signals. The nuclear transport of pivotal transcriptional regulatory factors, such as p65 and IFN regulatory factor 7, is also compromised, leading to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferon expression. This newly discovered strategy employed by IBDV enables them to manipulate host gene expression, providing novel insights into how viruses evade host immune responses and establish infections.

IMPORTANCE
Viruses manipulate host processes at various levels to regulate or evade both innate and adaptive immune responses, promoting self-survival and efficient transmission. The “host shutoff,” a global suppression of host gene expression mediated by various viruses, is considered a critical mechanism for evading immunity. In this study, we have validated the presence of host shutoff during infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection and additionally uncovered that the viral protein VP5 plays a pivotal role in inhibiting the overall synthesis of host proteins, including cytokines, through a transcription-dependent pathway. VP5 competitively binds with RanBP1, leading to disruption of the Ran protein cycle and consequently interfering with nucleocytoplasmic transport, which ultimately results in the suppression of host gene transcription. These findings unveil a novel strategy employed by IBDV to evade host innate immunity and rapidly establish infection. This study also suggests a novel supplement to understanding the pathway through which viruses inhibit host protein synthesis.
One-year surveillance for hypervirulent
Klebsiella pneumoniae
detected carbapenem-resistant superbugs
Authors: Merla C. , Kuka A. , Mileto I. , Petazzoni G. , Gaiarsa S. , De Vitis D. , Ardizzone M. , Corbella M. , Baldanti F. , Cambieri P. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Hypervirulent
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(hvKp) can cause infections in clinically healthy people, such as young and immunocompetent patients. Genes involved in the capsule synthesis or those encoding the siderophores have been adopted as predictors of hvKp. Certain sequence types, such as ST23 and ST86, have been associated with hvKp strains, too. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of hvKp among 354
K. pneumoniae
strains isolated from clinical samples of patients admitted to an Italian 900-bed hospital between 21 May 2021 and April 2022. All the isolates were screened by PCR for the amplification of virulence loci. Whole genome sequencing was performed in strains tested positive for at least one target gene. Thirteen out of 354 (3.7%) were hvKp. Five were wild type and belonged to the hypervirulent clones ST23, ST86, ST5, and ST375 and to the new clone ST6310. Six strains carried the
blaKPC
gene: three belonged to ST101, two to ST512, and one to ST395. Two isolates were ST147 and carried the
blaNDM
gene. Although hvKp isolation is not frequent, their presence should be systematically investigated to avoid the spreading of both virulent strains and strains with combined increase in virulence and resistance to antibiotics. PCR-based protocols are essential for surveillance of these strains, which do not always show a recognizable phenotype. Moreover, hvKp strains were isolated also from patients without history of recent foreign travels, indicating an increased spreading of these strains as well as an underestimated of their circulation so far.

IMPORTANCE

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is a healthcare-associated pathogen frequently resistant to antibiotics. Hypervirulent strains of pneumoniae (hvKp) can spread from the primary site of infection to multiple sites causing life-threatening infections also in young otherwise healthy individuals. This study described the isolation of 13 isolates of
K. pneumoniae
with increased virulence in a large tertiary hospital over a 1-year period. Among them, eight strains were multidrug resistant and hypervirulent. Although these hypervirulent strains are still rare in Italy, their presence is particularly concerning since they can cause difficult-to-treat life-threatening infections. Moreover, not all the hypervirulent isolates were positive by the string test, so hvKp isolates were not always phenotypically detectable. Molecular biology techniques such as PCR amplification and next generation sequencing are therefore necessary for the detection of hvKp isolates, and surveillance programs exploiting molecular techniques are highly desirable.
Protocol for fever control using external cooling in mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock: SEPSISCOOL II randomised controlled trial
Authors: Guénégou-Arnoux Armelle , Murris Juliette , Bechet Stéphane , Jung Camille , Auchabie Johann , Dupeyrat Julien , Anguel Nadia , Asfar Pierre , Badie Julio , Carpentier Dorothée , Chousterman Benjamin , Bourenne Jeremy , Delbove Agathe , Devaquet Jérôme , Deye Nicolas , Dumas Guillaume , Dureau Anne-Florence , Lascarrou Jean-Baptiste , Legriel Stephane , Guitton Christophe , Jannière-Nartey Caroline , Quenot Jean-Pierre , Lacherade Jean-Claude , Maizel Julien , Mekontso Dessap Armand , Mourvillier Bruno , Petua Philippe , Plantefeve Gaetan , Richard Jean-Christophe , Robert Alexandre , Saccheri Clément , Vong Ly Van Phach , Katsahian Sandrine , Schortgen Frédérique 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionFever treatment is commonly applied in patients with sepsis but its impact on survival remains undetermined. Patients with respiratory and haemodynamic failure are at the highest risk for not tolerating the metabolic cost of fever. However, fever can help to control infection. Treating fever with paracetamol has been shown to be less effective than cooling. In the SEPSISCOOL pilot study, active fever control by external cooling improved organ failure recovery and early survival. The main objective of this confirmatory trial is to assess whether fever control at normothermia can improve the evolution of organ failure and mortality at day 60 of febrile patients with septic shock. This study will compare two strategies within the first 48 hours of septic shock: treatment of fever with cooling or no treatment of fever.Methods and analysisSEPSISCOOL II is a pragmatic, investigator-initiated, adaptive, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled, superiority trial in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with febrile septic shock. After stratification based on the acute respiratory distress syndrome status, patients will be randomised between two arms: (1) cooling and (2) no cooling. The primary endpoint is mortality at day 60 after randomisation. The secondary endpoints include the evolution of organ failure, early mortality and tolerance. The target sample size is 820 patients.Ethics and disseminationThe study is funded by the French health ministry and was approved by the ethics committee CPP Nord Ouest II (Amiens, France). The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04494074.
Is Internalised Homonegativity associated with HIV testing and HIV risk behaviours of men who have sex with men: a multilevel cross-sectional study of sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Kalu Ngozi , Ross Michael W , Taegtmeyer Miriam , Spicer Neil , Adebajo Sylvia , Owolabi Rotimi , Lamontagne Erik , Howell Sean , Neuman Melissa 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesThis study assessed the associations of Internalised Homonegativity (IH) with HIV testing and risk behaviours of adult men who have sex with men (MSM) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and effect modification by the legal climate.DesignWe used data from the cross-sectional 2019 Global Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex (LGBTI+) Internet survey study.Setting and participantsOverall, the 2019 Global LGBTI Internet Survey collected data from 46 SSA countries. In this secondary analysis, we included data from 3191 MSM in 44 SSA countries as there were no eligible MSM responses in the 2 countries excluded.Outcome measuresOur response variables were self-reported binary indicators of ever tested for HIV, recently tested in the past 6 months (from those who reported ever testing), transactional sex (paying for and being paid for sex in the past 12 months), and unprotected anal sex (that is without a condom or pre-exposure prohylaxis (PrEP)) with a non-steady partner (in the past 3 months).ResultsOur findings showed high levels of IH (range 1–7) in MSM across SSA (mean (SD)=5.3 (1.36)). We found that MSM with higher IH levels were more likely to have ever (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.18, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.35) and recently tested (aOR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.32) but no evidence of an association with paying for sex (aOR 1.00, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.12), selling sex (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.20) and unprotected sex (aOR 0.99, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.09). However, we observed that a favourable legal climate modifies the associations of IH and paying for sex (aOR 0.75, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.94). Increasing levels of IH had a negative association with paying for sex in countries where same-sex relationships are legal. We found no associations of IH with unprotected anal sex in the population surveyed.ConclusionsWe confirm that IH is widespread across SSA but in countries that legalise same-sex relationships, MSM were less likely to engage in transactional sex compared with those in countries where homosexuality is criminalised.
Mortality in patients with adrenal insufficiency: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Allosso Francesca , Dalakas Konstantinos , Bergthorsdottir Ragnhildur , Chantzichristos Dimitrios , Hessman Eva , Nwaru Bright I , Bobbio Emanuele , Pasquali Daniela , Johannsson Gudmundur , Esposito Daniela 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionAdrenal insufficiency (AI) is a rare disorder characterised by an impaired secretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal glands. Treatment strategies for AI have developed over time with reduced glucocorticoid replacement doses and improved circadian exposure regimens, but whether this has resulted in better survival is unknown. The main purpose of this systematic review is to gather and synthesise available evidence on long-term mortality in patients with AI. The secondary aim is to study causes of death, with focus on cardiovascular and infectious diseases, in AI patients.Methods and analysisStudies published from the inception of respective databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science) until the end of May 2023 will be systematically synthetised. Observational studies with a reference population will be included, and their quality will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data collected will be narratively integrated and a meta-analysis will be performed to pool data from studies considered homogeneous. The systematic review will be reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. This will be the first systematic review assessing mortality and causes of death in AI patients. The findings of this systematic review will be of value for both patients and healthcare providers.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review does not require ethical approval or informed consent because it will be based on previously published data only and does not implicate any direct contact with individual patients. The research results will be presented at scientific conferences and submitted for publication in an internationally recognised peer-reviewed scientific journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023416253.
Protocol for a comparative cross-sectional study on characterisation of auditory impairment in sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait and its impact on health-related quality of life in Nigeria
Authors: Ibekwe Titus S , Rogers Christine , Nnodu Obiageli , Ramma Lebogang 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionSickle cell disease (SCD) and sickle cell traits (SCT) are genetically inherited red blood cell disorders common among people of African descent. Nigeria has a high prevalence of SCD, with a prevalence of 2.28%–3% and SCT, 25%–30%. Poorly managed SCD and SCT can lead to sensorineural hearing loss and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) issues. This research aims to assess these possible complications of SCD and SCT in Nigeria.Methods and analysisThe study will use a comparative cross-sectional design at study power 80% to investigate the association between SCD/SCT, hearing impairment and HRQoL. Participants will be divided into two groups: a cohort and a control group. Hearing levels will be assessed through audiometric assessments and categorised by type and severity of hearing impairments using WHO classifications. HRQoL will also be assessed using WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Statistical analyses will be performed using the SAS V.9.4, with parametric or non-parametric analysis depending on the distribution. Relationship between key variables will be determined via correlational tests, χ2, Fisher’s exact test and multivariable logistic regression analyses.Ethics and disseminationThe proposal has been fully reviewed and registered by the University of Cape Town’s Faculty of Health Sciences Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC REF 228/2022) and the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/PR/2020/08/007). Information dissemination will be through conferences, peer-review publication and personal communications. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement will be followed in writing the manuscript.
Mixed-methods randomised study exploring the feasibility and acceptability of eye-movement desensitisation and reprocessing for improving the mental health of traumatised survivors of intensive care following hospital discharge: protocol
Authors: Bates Andrew , Golding Hannah , Rushbrook Sophie , Highfield Julie , Pattison Natalie , Baldwin David , Grocott Michael P W , Cusack Rebecca 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionPost-traumatic symptoms are common among patients discharged from intensive care units (ICUs), adversely affecting well-being, increasing healthcare utilisation and delaying return to work. Non-pharmacological approaches (eg, music, therapeutic touch and patient diaries) have been suggested as candidate interventions and trauma-focused psychological interventions have been endorsed by international bodies. Neither category of intervention is supported by definitive evidence of long-term clinical effectiveness in patients who have been critically ill. This study assesses the feasibility and acceptability of using eye-movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) to improve the mental health of ICU survivors.Methods and analysisEMERALD is a multicentre, two-part consent, pilot feasibility study, recruiting discharged ICU survivors from three hospitals in the UK. We are gathering demographics and measuring post-traumatic symptoms, anxiety, depression and quality of life at baseline. Two months after discharge, participants are screened for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R). Patients with IES-R scores<22 continue in an observation arm for 12 month follow-up. IES-R scores≥22 indicate above-threshold PTSD symptoms and trigger invitation to consent for part B: a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of EMDR versus usual care, with 1:1 randomisation. The study assesses feasibility (recruitment, retention and intervention fidelity) and acceptability (through semistructured interviews), using a theoretical acceptability framework. Clinical outcomes (PTSD, anxiety, depression and quality of life) are collected at baseline, 2 and 12 months, informing power calculations for a definitive RCT, with quantitative and qualitative data convergence guiding RCT refinements.Ethics and disseminationThis study has undergone external expert peer review and is funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (grant number: NIHR302160). Ethical approval has been granted by South Central-Hampshire A Research Ethics Committee (IRAS number: 317291). Results will be disseminated through the lay media, social media, peer-reviewed publication and conference presentation.Trial registration numberNCT05591625.
Challenges of using body bags for COVID-19 deaths from the healthcare provider perspective – a qualitative study
Authors: Toyama Mayumi , Mori Hiroko , Kuriyama Akira , Sano Makiko , Imura Haruki , Nishimura Mayumi , Nakayama Takeo 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous issues regarding end-of-life care for COVID-19 patients have been discussed. Among these issues, challenges related to the use of body bags following the death of COVID-19 patients have been suggested. This study aimed to identify the challenges faced by healthcare professionals (HCPs) when using body bags after the death of patients infected with COVID-19 in medical settings.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative descriptive study with semistructured in-depth interviews using inductive thematic analysis. From August to December 2021, we interviewed nurses and doctors who provided end-of-life care to COVID-19 patients focusing on their experiences with the use of body bags for the deceased.ResultsOf the 25 interviewees who mentioned body bag use, 14 were nurses (56%) and 13 were women (52%). The mean interview length was 52.0 min (SD 9.6 min). Challenges associated with body bag use were classified into four themes with eight categories: preserving the dignity of the deceased, consideration for the bereaved saying a final goodbye to a loved one in a body bag, the physical and emotional impact on HCPs, and diverse opinions on body bag use.ConclusionOur findings include ethical concerns about the dignity of the deceased, empathy for the grief of bereaved families, and the emotional and physical distress experienced by HCPs struggling with the recommendation to use body bags based on limited evidence. The diverse perspectives of HCPs in this study highlight potential issues that developers should consider when formulating more appropriate and acceptable guidelines/guidance and policies.
Personal goals of young survivors of violent injury: implications for practice
Authors: Miller Zoe Maya , Chapman-Kramer Kateri , Cooper Benjamin P. , Coffey Melik , Page Keyria , Meyers Jessica E. , Vogel Matt , Mancini Michael , Mueller Kristen 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionFirearm injuries are the leading cause of death among young people in the USA and disproportionately impact communities of colour and those experiencing socioeconomic distress. Understanding the personal goals of violently injured patients is essential to identifying protective factors and developing interventions that promote them. However, limited research characterising these personal goals exists.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to use qualitative thematic analysis to analyse and describe the personal goals of young people who enrolled in a region-wide hospital-based violence intervention programme after surviving a violent injury.MethodsA qualitative coding framework was developed, evaluated, and implemented using data from Life Outside of Violence, the St. Louis Area Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programme. Chart abstraction procedures were used to compile qualitative data on Life Outside of Violence participants’ personal goals documented by clinical case managers during individual treatment planning sessions with participants (n=168). Descriptive analyses are reported and implications for practice are discussed.ResultsKey findings reveal that (1) violent injury survivors have unmet therapeutic and resource needs, indicating the importance of having service providers with both clinical and case management skills, (2) anger management is a common clinical goal, and (3) employment opportunities are a common resource need.ConclusionsFindings from this study inform the implementation of the Life Outside of Violence programme and offer a roadmap to other hospital-based violence intervention programmes operating nation-wide. Our results provide insight into participants’ needs, desires, and motivations, allowing unique opportunities for improved participant engagement and service delivery.