bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Respiratory Infections, Asthma, and Allergy: 10-Year Follow-up of the Oslo Birth Cohort
Authors: Nafstad Per , Brunekreef Bert , Skrondal Anders , Nystad Wenche 
Published: August 2005

Objective. It has been hypothesized that early infections protect against the development of atopic disease, but there have been few long-term follow-up studies. We estimated the associations between early respiratory infections and doctor-diagnosed asthma, allergic rhinitis, and skin-prick sensitization in children at 10 years of age in the Oslo Birth Cohort, established in 1992–1993. We also considered birth order and attendance at a child care center as proxy measures of increased exposure to infections early in life.
Methods. A total of 2540 children were followed from birth to the age of 10 years. Experiences of respiratory infections were recorded in follow-up surveys at 6 and 12 months. At age 10, questions were asked about current symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinitis and about having ever received a doctor diagnosis for these diseases. A subsample (n = 1740) of the cohort was tested for skin-prick test reactivity.
Results. Current asthma was related to lower respiratory tract infection (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.3–3.0) and croup (adjusted OR: 2.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.3–4.2) in the first year. ORs for allergic rhinitis and skin-prick sensitization were smaller but mainly positive. Birth order and child care attendance at age 1 year were not significantly associated with any of the studied outcomes.
Conclusions. Early respiratory infections did not protect against the development of asthma, allergic rhinitis, or sensitization to common allergens during the first 10 years of life but increased the risk for asthma symptoms at age 10 in this population.
Poor Predictive Validity of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development for Cognitive Function of Extremely Low Birth Weight Children at School Age
Authors: Hack Maureen , Taylor H. Gerry , Drotar Dennis , Schluchter Mark , Cartar Lydia , Wilson-Costello Deanne , Klein Nancy , Friedman Harriet , Mercuri-Minich Nori , Morrow Mary 
Published: August 2005

Objective. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition (BSID II) are commonly used to assess outcomes of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. We sought to assess the predictive validity of the BSID II Mental Developmental Index (MDI) for cognitive function at school age.Design/Methods. Of 330 ELBW infants admitted in 1992–1995, 238 (72%) survived to the age of 8 years, of whom 200 (84%) were tested at both 20 months’ corrected age (CA) and 8 years. Mean birth weight was 811 g, mean gestational age was 26.4 weeks, 41% were boys, and 60% were black. Measures included the BSID II at 20 months’ CA and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC) Mental Processing Composite (MPC) at 8 years’ postnatal age. BSID II MDI and MPC scores were compared and the predictive validity calculated for all 200 ELBW children and for the 154 ELBW neurosensory-intact subgroup. Predictors of stability or change in cognitive scores were examined via logistic regression adjusting for gender and sociodemographic status.Results. For all ELBW children, the mean MDI was 75.6 ± 16 versus a mean KABC of 87.8 ± 19. For the neurosensory-intact subgroup, the mean MDI was 79.3 ± 16 and the mean KABC was 92.3 ± 15. Rates of cognitive impairment, defined as an MDI or KABC of &lt;70, dropped from 39% at 20 months’ CA to 16% at 8 years for the total ELBW population and from 29% to 7% for the neurosensory-intact subgroup. The positive predictive value of having an MPC of &lt;70 given an MDI of &lt;70 was 0.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27, 0.49) for all ELBW infants, 0.20 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.35) for the neurosensory-intact subgroup, and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.77) for the neurosensory-impaired subgroup. The negative predictive values were 0.98, 0.99, and 0.85 for the 3 groups, respectively. Neurosensory impairment at 20 months’ CA predicted lack of improvement of cognitive function (odds ratio: 6.9; 95% CI: 2.4, 20.2). Children whose cognitive scores improved between 20 months and 8 years had significantly better school performance than those whose scores stayed at &lt;70, but they did less well than those whose scores were persistently &gt;70.Conclusions. The predictive validity of a subnormal MDI for cognitive function at school age is poor but better for ELBW children who have neurosensory impairments. We are concerned that decisions to provide intensive care for ELBW infants in the delivery room might be biased by reported high rates of cognitive impairments based on the use and presumptive validity of the BSID II MDI.
Dating Violence and Sexually Transmitted Disease/HIV Testing and Diagnosis Among Adolescent Females
Authors: Decker Michele R. , Silverman Jay G. , Raj Anita 
Published: August 2005

Objective.Previous studies demonstrate significant associations between dating-violence victimization and sexual risk behaviors among adolescent girls; however, a relationship between dating violence and actual sexually transmitted disease (STD)/HIV testing and diagnosis has yet to be investigated among a representative sample. The present study assesses associations between dating violence and STD/HIV testing and diagnosis among a representative sample of sexually active adolescent girls.
Methods.Data from 9th- to 12th-grade female students completing the 1999 and 2001 Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Surveys and reporting having ever had sexual intercourse (N = 1641) were examined. Odds ratios for STD/HIV testing and diagnosis that were based on experiences of dating violence and adjusted for STD/HIV risk behaviors and demographics were calculated.
Results.More than one third (38.8%) of adolescent girls tested for STD or HIV and more than half (51.6%) of girls diagnosed with STD/HIV reported experiencing dating violence. Compared with nonabused girls, girls who experienced both physical and sexual dating violence were 3.0 times more likely to have been tested for STD and HIV, and 2.6 times more likely to report an STD diagnosis.
Conclusions.After adjusting for STD/HIV risk behaviors, dating violence remains significantly associated with STD/HIV testing and diagnosis among sexually active adolescent girls.
Novel RAG1 Mutation in a Case of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Authors: Zhang Junyan , Quintal Linda , Atkinson Adelle , Williams Brent , Grunebaum Eyal , Roifman Chaim M. 
Published: August 2005

Objective. The recombination activating enzymes RAG1 and RAG2 are essential to the process of V(D)J rearrangement in B and T cells and thus to the development of normal immune function. Mutations in RAG1 or RAG2 can lead to a spectrum of disorders, ranging from typical B−T− severe combined immunodeficiency to Omenn's syndrome. We present a unique presentation of RAG1 deficiency.Patient. We report on a 6-month-old girl who presented with severe respiratory distress, which continued to progress despite antibiotic therapy but seemed to respond to treatment with corticosteroids. The patient exhibited no erythroderma or eosinophilia, and her lymphoid organs were not enlarged.Results. Investigation of the immune system showed normal numbers of CD3+ T cells, which expressed either CD4 or CD8. Subsequent analysis of the T-cell receptor demonstrated that nearly all CD3+ T cells were clonal; one clone expressed CD4, whereas the other expressed CD8. The extremely restricted T-cell repertoire and the lack of circulating B cells prompted analysis of the RAG1 gene, which revealed a novel homozygous thymine to cytosine substitution at nucleotide position 2686.Conclusions. This case underscores the importance of more extensive evaluation of the immune system even when widely available, standard, flow cytometric analysis shows normal numbers of T cells that express CD4 or CD8, especially in the absence of circulating B cells.
Synthesis and Properties of 7‐Substituted 7‐Deazapurine (Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine) 2′‐Deoxyribonucleosides
Authors: Seela Frank , Peng Xiaohua 
Published: August 2005

Abstract7‐Substituted 7‐deazapurine (pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine) 2′‐deoxyribonucleosides are synthesized by stereoselective nucleobase anion glycosylation. The introduction of a halogen at C7 is performed regioselectively either on the nucleobase or on the nucleoside. The pKa values of a series of 7‐deazapurine 2′‐deoxyribonucleosides are provided, and fluorescence properties are also discussed.
Evaluation of the suitability of ex vivo handled ovarian tissues for optical diagnosis by Raman microspectroscopy
Authors: Krishna C. Murali , Sockalingum G. D. , Venteo L. , Bhat Rani A. , Kushtagi Pralhad , Pluot M. , Manfait M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA pilot Raman microspectroscopy study of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded, and deparaffinized sections from the same ovarian normal and malignant tissues was carried out. This approach was considered in order to evaluate the suitability of these ex vivo tissue handling procedures in discrimination as well as biochemical characterization. The spectra of formalin‐fixed normal and malignant tissues exhibited no contamination due to formalin, which is indicated by the absence of strong formalin peaks; spectral features also show significant differences for normal and malignant tissues. The differences between spectral profiles of deparaffinized normal and malignant tissues are subtle and spectra show few residual sharp peaks of paraffin. Complete dominance of paraffin swamping signals from tissues was observed in the spectra of paraffin‐embedded tissues. Principal components analysis (PCA), which was employed for discrimination of tissue type, provided good discrimination for formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissue spectra. PCA of deparaffinized tissues resulted in a poor classification with significant overlap among the clusters. Thus, this study indicates that formalin fixation is the most suitable among the three procedures employed in the study. Significant differences between spectral profiles of normal and malignant formalin‐fixed tissues can not only be exploited for discrimination but can also provide information on biochemical characteristics of the tissues. Deparaffinized tissues provide poor discrimination and information on tissue biochemistry is lost. Paraffin‐embedded tissues may provide good discrimination, but predominance of paraffin in the spectra could jeopardize biochemical characterization. Prospectively, as a result of the better availability of paraffin‐embedded tissues and problems associated with frozen sectioning of formalin‐fixed tissues, the results of this study using paraffin‐embedded tissues are very encouraging. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 79: 269‐276, 2005This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Synthetic Applications of β‐Fluoroalkylated α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Billard Thierry 
Published: August 2005

Abstractβ‐Fluoroalkylated α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds constitute efficient building blocks for the synthesis of complex fluorinated compounds. As the fluorinated moiety generally increases their reactivity, it also brings important modifications which can change the chemical behavior and selectivity. Their use has been already largely demonstrated. Nevertheless, the synthetic potential has not yet been fully explored and, consequently should play an important role in the design of new sophisticated fluorinated molecules. Nevertheless, it shall be important to develop new synthetic methods to enlarge their availability and their diversity.
A Microwave‐Accelerated Esterification of α,β‐Unsaturated Acids with Alkyl or Aryl Carbonochloridate and Triethylamine in Acetonitrile as a Novel Esterifying Reagent Mixture.
Authors: Pathania Vinod , Sharma Anuj , Sinha Arun K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chiral Oxime Ethers in Asymmetric Synthesis. Part 7. O‐(1‐Phenylbutyl)benzyloxyacetaldoxime, a Versatile Reagent for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Protected 1,2‐Aminoalcohols, α‐Amino Acid Derivatives, and 2‐Hydroxymethyl Nitrogen Heterocycles Including Iminosugars.
Authors: Cooper Tracey S. , Larigo Alexander S. , Laurent Pierre , Moody Christopher J. , Takle Andrew K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidation Without CCl4 of Oleic Acid, Other Monoenic Fatty Acids and Alkenes.
Authors: Zimmermann Francois , Meux Eric , Mieloszynski Jean‐Luc , Lecuire Jean‐Marie , Oget Nicolas 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Fluorinated Compounds by Reaction of Lithium Dianions of Carboxylic Acids with Perfluoroketene Dithioacetals.
Authors: Sotoca Enrique , Bouillon Jean‐Philippe , Gil Salvador , Parra Margarita , Portella Charles 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
SO2‐Extrusion of an 8‐Thiabicyclo[3.2.1]octa‐2,6‐diene 8,8‐Dioxide and Rearrangement of the Resulting Cycloheptatriene.
Authors: Takayama Jun , Sugihara Yoshiaki , Nakayama Juzo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nitroaldol‐Reaction of Aldehydes in the Presence of Non‐Activated Mg:Al 2:1 Hydrotalcite: A Possible New Mechanism for the Formation of 2‐Aryl‐1,3‐dinitropropanes.
Authors: Cwik Agnieszka , Fuchs Aliz , Hell Zoltan , Clacens Jean‐Marc 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Chiral Hydroxythiolanes as Potential Catalysts for Asymmetric Organozinc Additions to Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Kielbasinski Piotr , Albrycht Malgorzata , Mikolajczyk Marian , Wieczorek Michal W. , Majzner Wieslaw R. , Filipczak Agnieszka , Ciolkiewicz Piotr 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Manganese(III) Acetate Mediated Synthesis of 3‐Trifluoroacetyl‐4,5‐dihydrofurans and 3‐(Dihydrofuran‐2(3H)‐ylidene)‐1,1,1‐trifluoroacetones by Free Radical Cyclization. Part 1.
Authors: Yilmaz Mehmet , Pekel A. Tarik 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Deprotonation of Thiophenes Using Lithium Magnesates.
Authors: Bayh Omar , Awad Hacan , Mongin Florence , Hoarau Christophe , Trecourt Francois , Queguiner Guy , Marsais Francis , Blanco Fernando , Abarca Belen , Ballesteros Rafael 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Synthesis of 4‐Dialkylamino‐1,5‐dihydropyrrol‐2‐ones by Pd‐Catalyzed Oxidative Aminocarbonylation of 2‐Ynylamines.
Authors: Gabriele Bartolo , Plastina Pierluigi , Salerno Giuseppe , Costa Mirco 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N‐Iodosuccinimide — An Effective Reagent for Regioselective Heterocyclization of o‐Cyclohex‐2′‐enylanilines for the Synthesis of Hexahydrocarbazoles.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Kundu U. K. , Das U. , Jana N. K. , Roy B. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 6,6‐Difluorocyclopropa[b]furo[2,3‐c]pyrrole and 7‐Fluorofuro[3,2‐c]pyridine Derivatives via 1,5‐Electrocyclization of Carbene‐Derived Azomethine Ylides.
Authors: Voznyi Igor V. , Novikov Mikhail S. , Khlebnikov Alexander F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Derivatives of 3‐Aminoindole. Synthesis of 2‐Aryl(hetaryl)‐3‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrazolyl)indoles.
Authors: Przheval'skii N. M. , Skvortsova N. S. , Magedov I. V. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 3,9,9,9a‐Tetramethyl‐1,2,3,9a‐tetrahydro‐9H‐imidazo[1,2‐a]indol‐2‐ones by Reaction of 2,3,3‐Trimethyl‐3H‐indole with 2‐Bromopropionamides.
Authors: Valaityte E. , Martynaitis V. , Sackus A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 3‐ and 5‐Amino‐5‐(3)‐(pyrrol‐2‐yl)isoxazoles.
Authors: Sobenina Lyubov' N. , Drichkov Vladislav N. , Mikhaleva Al'bina I. , Petrova Olga V. , Ushakov Igor A. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile Synthesis of 12‐Ketoquino [2,1‐b]Quinazolines via the Vilsmeier—Haack Reaction of 6‐Nitro‐2‐methyl‐3‐aryl‐4(3H)quinazolones.
Authors: Bhatti Harjinder S. , Seshadri S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Spirothiazolo[4′,2]‐ and Thiazolo[3,4‐a]quinoxalines Based on 3‐(α‐Bromoethyl)quinoxalin‐2‐ones and Thiourea.
Authors: Kalinin A. A. , Isaikina O. G. , Mamedov V. A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Reactions of tert‐Butyl Glycinate—Benzophenone Schiff Base Catalyzed by Chiral Phase‐Transfer Catalyst in Aqueous Media Without Any Organic Solvent.
Authors: Mase Nobuyuki , Ohno Takahiro , Morimoto Hironao , Nitta Fumito , Yoda Hidemi , Takabe Kunihiko 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Resonant Soft X‐ray Scattering — A New Probe of Charge, Spin and Orbital Ordering in the Manganites
Authors: Hatton P. D. , Wilkins S. B. , Beale T. A. W. , Johal T. K. , Prabhakaran D. , Boothroyd A. T. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Materials Strategy for Advanced Lithium‐Ion (Shuttlecock) Batteries: Lithium Nickel Manganese Oxides with or Without Cobalt
Authors: Ohzuku Tsutomu , Ariyoshi Kingo , Makimura Yoshinari , Yabuuchi Naoaki , Sawai Keijiro Sawai Keijiro 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Application of Cross‐Coupling and Metalation Chemistry of 3(2H)‐Pyridazinones to Fungicide and Herbicide Discovery
Authors: Stevenson Thomas M. , Crouse Brett A. , Thieu Tho V. , Gebreysus Cristina , Finkelstein Bruce L. , Sethuraman Maya R. , Dubas‐Cordery Christina M. , Piotrowski Donna L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Virtue of Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Reactions — Diverse Oligocyclizations of Acyclic 2‐Bromoenynes and 2‐Bromoenediynes.
Authors: de Meijere Armin , von Zezschwitz Paultheo , Braese Stefan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Research in Pulsed Magnetic Fields Up to 70 Tesla
Authors: Herlach F. , Bogaerts R. , Harrison N. , Hayne M. , Lagutin A. , Mashkautsan V. , Rosseel K. , Vanacken J. , van Bockstal L. , Moshchalkov V. V. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Desymmetrizing Hydroformylation of Dialkenylcarbinols with the Aid of a Planar‐Chiral, Catalyst‐Directing Group
Authors: Breit Bernhard , Breuninger Daniel 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe desymmetrizing hydroformylation of dialkenylcarbinolshas been achieved with the aid of a planar‐chiral, substrate‐bound catalyst‐directing group — the ortho‐(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocencylcarbonyl group (o‐DPPF). This methodallows the simultaneous construction of two new, vicinal stereogenic centers with high levels of stereocontrol. Optimization of the hydroformylation conditions, determination of the relative and absolute configuration of the product aldehydes (chemical derivatization and X‐ray crystallographic studies), as well as conditions for removal and recovery of the catalyst‐directing o‐DPPF group are described. Furthermore, a model is presented that rationalizes the experimentally observed stereochemical result, and a new esterification protocol, which allows the formation of the sterically very hindered dialkenylcarbinol o‐DPPF esters, is described. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The Electrochemical Detection of Arsenic(III) at a Silver Electrode
Authors: Simm Andrew O. , Banks Craig E. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA study of three electrode substrates namely gold, platinum and silver, for arsenic detection via anodic stripping voltammetry is reported. Hitherto it has been accepted that gold is the most suitable metallic surface for use in this context, as suggested by Forsberg and co‐workers (Forsberg, G.; O'Laughlin, J. W.; Megargle, R. G. Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 1586.). We revisit these experiments and find that by switching from hydrochloric acid to nitric acid the oxidation of silver that had previously masked the arsenic stripping signal at this surface is shifted considerably enough to allow a clear, analytically reliable As(III) stripping signal to be detected. In contrast to silver and gold platinum is found to have poor performance as an electrode substrate for arsenic detection. Using ASV a LOD of 6.3×10−7 M is found for As(III) detection at a silver electrode, similar to that which we have previously reported at a gold electrode (A. O. Simm, C. E. Banks and R. G. Compton. Electroanalysis, 2005, 17, 335.) The use of ultrasound was then investigated to further reduce the LOD, which was found to be 1.4×10−8 M. Apart from reduced cost of silver it also has an added advantage over gold in that it has a higher hydrogen reduction overvoltage enabling a 100 mV more negative deposition potential to be used before the onset of hydrogen evolution when compared to a gold electrode.
Preparation of a Selective Receptor for Ephedrine for the Rapid Electrochemical Detection of Ephedrine in Human Urine Using Stabilized in Air Lipid Films with Incorporated Ephedrine Receptor
Authors: Nikolelis Dimitrios P. , Raftopoulou Garyfallia , Siontorou Christina G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe present technique describes the preparation of a selective receptor for ephedrine and a technique for the rapid electrochemical detection of ephedrine in human urine using lipid films with incorporated receptor that are synthesized by a chemical reaction with a methacrylate polymer on a glass fiber filter. The selective receptor was synthesized using a resorcin[4]arene receptor and by transforming all the OH groups into methoxy groups. Injections of ephedrine were made into flowing streams of a carrier electrolyte solution and a transient current signal, with duration of seconds, appeared in less than two minutes after exposure of the lipid membranes to the compound. The magnitude of this signal was linearly related to the concentration of this stimulant, which could be determined at micromolar levels. The effect of potent interferences including a wide range of compounds usually found in human urine (i.e., ascorbic aid, glucose, leucine, glycine, tartrate, citrate, bicarbonate and caffeine) was examined. Also, the effect of proteins and lipids was investigated. The results showed that there were no interferences from all these constituents in concentration levels usually found in human urine samples. Dopamine was also investigated as a potent interferent. The results have shown that the transformation of the hydroxy to methoxy groups has increased the selectivity of the receptor towards ephedrine and decreased it towards dopamine which does not cause and interference at concentration levels lower than of 10−3 M. Urine samples provided similar results and allowed the development of a technique for the rapid electrochemical detection of this stimulant in human urine at the levels of 10−6 M concentrations. The reproducibility of the method was checked in about 100 samples.
Identifying the time‐effect factors of multiple time series
Authors: Hu Yu‐pin 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe Peña–Box model is considered for finding the time‐effect factors of a multiple time series. This paper first establishes the connection between the Peña–Box model and the vector ARMA model. According to the Peña–Box model, some series can be ignored while modelling the vector ARMA model. A consistent estimator is then proposed to identify the model for nonlinear and nonstationary time series. Finally, the finite‐sample behaviour of the estimator is illustrated via simulations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.