bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro infection of bovine erythrocytes with Theileria annulata merozoites as a key step in completing the T. annulata life cycle in vitro
Authors: Elati Khawla , Tajeri Shahin , Mugo Robert M. , Obara Isaiah , Darghouth Mohamed Aziz , Zweygarth Erich , Nijhof Ard Menzo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTheileria annulata is a protozoan parasite with a complex life cycle involving a bovine host and a tick vector. It is transmitted by Hyalomma ticks and is the causative agent of tropical theileriosis, a debilitating and often fatal disease in southern Europe, northern Africa and large parts of Asia. Understanding the biology of different life cycle stages is critical for the control of tropical theileriosis and requires the use of experimental animals which poses an ethical concern. We present for the first time the in vitro infection of red blood cells (RBCs) with T. annulata differentiated schizonts. The Ankara cell line of T. annulata was cultured at 41 °C for nine days to induce merogony and subsequently incubated with purified RBCs for one to three days. Percentage of parasitized erythrocyte (PPE) over the short culture period was estimated by Giemsa staining (0.007–0.01%), Flow cytometry activated sorting (FACS) (0.02–1.1%) and observation of FACS sorted cells by confocal microscopy (0.05–0.4%). There was a significant difference in the PPE between FACS and the two other techniques (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test, P = 0.004) but no significant difference was observed between the confocal imaging and Giemsa staining methods (ANOVA one-way followed by Tukey test, P = 0.06). Importantly, all three complementary methods confirmed the invasion of RBCs by T. annulata merozoites in vitro. Although the experimental conditions will require further optimization to increase the PPE, the in vitro infection of RBCs by T. annulata merozoites is pivotal in paving the way for the eventual completion of the T. annulata life cycle in vitro when combined with artificial tick feeding.
Coral thermal stress and bleaching enrich and restructure reef microbial communities via altered organic matter exudation
Authors: Sparagon Wesley J. , Arts Milou G. I. , Quinlan Zachary A. , Wegley Kelly Linda , Koester Irina , Comstock Jacqueline , Bullington Jessica A. , Carlson Craig A. , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Aluwihare Lihini I. , Haas Andreas F. , Nelson Craig E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCoral bleaching is a well-documented and increasingly widespread phenomenon in reefs across the globe, yet there has been relatively little research on the implications for reef water column microbiology and biogeochemistry. A mesocosm heating experiment and bottle incubation compared how unbleached and bleached corals alter dissolved organic matter (DOM) exudation in response to thermal stress and subsequent effects on microbial growth and community structure in the water column. Thermal stress of healthy corals tripled DOM flux relative to ambient corals. DOM exudates from stressed corals (heated and/or previously bleached) were compositionally distinct from healthy corals and significantly increased growth of bacterioplankton, enriching copiotrophs and putative pathogens. Together these results demonstrate how the impacts of both short-term thermal stress and long-term bleaching may extend into the water column, with altered coral DOM exudation driving microbial feedbacks that influence how coral reefs respond to and recover from mass bleaching events.
Weak signal extraction enabled by deep neural network denoising of diffraction data
Authors: Oppliger Jens , Denner M. Michael , Küspert Julia , Frison Ruggero , Wang Qisi , Morawietz Alexander , Ivashko Oleh , Dippel Ann-Christin , Zimmermann Martin von , Biało Izabela , Martinelli Leonardo , Fauqué Benoît , Choi Jaewon , Garcia-Fernandez Mirian , Zhou Ke-Jin , Christensen Niels Bech , Kurosawa Tohru , Momono Naoki , Oda Migaku , Natterer Fabian D. , Fischer Mark H. , Neupert Titus , Chang Johan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe removal or cancellation of noise has wide-spread applications in imaging and acoustics. In applications in everyday life, such as image restoration, denoising may even include generative aspects, which are unfaithful to the ground truth. For scientific use, however, denoising must reproduce the ground truth accurately. Denoising scientific data is further challenged by unknown noise profiles. In fact, such data will often include noise from multiple distinct sources, which substantially reduces the applicability of simulation-based approaches. Here we show how scientific data can be denoised by using a deep convolutional neural network such that weak signals appear with quantitative accuracy. In particular, we study X-ray diffraction and resonant X-ray scattering data recorded on crystalline materials. We demonstrate that weak signals stemming from charge ordering, insignificant in the noisy data, become visible and accurate in the denoised data. This success is enabled by supervised training of a deep neural network with pairs of measured low- and high-noise data. We additionally show that using artificial noise does not yield such quantitatively accurate results. Our approach thus illustrates a practical strategy for noise filtering that can be applied to challenging acquisition problems.
Arctic marine heatwaves forced by greenhouse gases and triggered by abrupt sea-ice melt
Authors: Barkhordarian Armineh , Nielsen David M. , Olonscheck Dirk , Baehr Johanna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSince 2007, unprecedented marine heatwave events are occurring over the Arctic Ocean. Here we identify the fraction of the likelihood of Arctic marine heatwaves magnitude that is attributable to greenhouse gas forcing. Results reveal that Arctic marine heatwaves are primarily triggered by an abrupt sea-ice retreat, which coincides with the maximum downward radiative fluxes. Up to 82% of the sea surface temperature variability over the shallow Arctic marginal seas, where marine heatwaves are prone to occur, can be explained by net accumulation of seasonal surface heat flux in the ocean. Event attribution analysis demonstrates that the 103-day long 2020 event – the most intense (4 ∘C) recorded so far in the Arctic – would be exceptionally unlikely in the absence of greenhouse gas forcing in terms of both intensity and duration. Our further results imply that if greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, along with the expansion of first-year ice extent, moderate marine heatwaves in the Arctic will very likely persistently reoccur.
Comparative efficacy of combined CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade vs. PD-1 monotherapy in metastatic melanoma: a real-world study
Authors: Klein-Brill Avital , Amar-Farkash Shlomit , Rosenberg-Katz Keren , Brenner Ronen , Becker Jürgen C. , Aran Dvir 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
In light of the substantial toxicity associated with combined CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade (ipilimumab and nivolumab), we assessed its efficacy and safety against anti-PD-1 monotherapy (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) in patients with metastatic melanoma under real-world conditions.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study involving 962 patients with stage IV metastatic melanoma who initiated adjuvant treatment between January 2017 and December 2021 across outpatient clinics in the United States. We adjusted for variables such as age, sex, ECOG performance status, comorbidity index, social deprivation index, metastatic sites, BRAF mutation status, and year of treatment. Outcomes included overall survival (OS) and post-treatment hospitalizations, analyzed using propensity score adjustment and inverse probability of treatment weighted Kaplan–Meier estimators.

Results
After adjusting for all variables, no significant difference in OS was observed between treatment protocols in the overall cohort (P = 0.417). In patients with multi-organ metastasis (involvement of more than two organ systems), combined CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade was associated with improved OS (P = 0.033). Conversely, monotherapy yielded significantly better OS in patients with oligo-organ metastasis (involvement of two or fewer organ systems; P = 0.008). Patients with oligo-organ metastasis also experienced higher hospitalization rates due to immune-related adverse events when treated with combination therapy (31.2% vs. 8.5%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Our real-world data indicate that combined CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade is most beneficial for patients with multi-organ metastasis, while those with oligo-organ metastasis fare better with PD-1 monotherapy. The underlying reasons for these observations—whether they are due to differences in the characteristics of multi- and oligo-metastatic melanomas or the risk-benefit profile of the therapies—remain to be elucidated. These findings underscore the need for a nuanced approach to treatment regimens for stage IV melanoma patients.
Regulatory sites of CaM-sensitive adenylyl cyclase AC8 revealed by cryo-EM and structural proteomics
Authors: Khanppnavar Basavraj , Schuster Dina , Lavriha Pia , Uliana Federico , Özel Merve , Mehta Ved , Leitner Alexander , Picotti Paola , Korkhov Volodymyr M 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMembrane adenylyl cyclase AC8 is regulated by G proteins and calmodulin (CaM), mediating the crosstalk between the cAMP pathway and Ca2+ signalling. Despite the importance of AC8 in physiology, the structural basis of its regulation by G proteins and CaM is not well defined. Here, we report the 3.5 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of the bovine AC8 bound to the stimulatory Gαs protein in the presence of Ca2+/CaM. The structure reveals the architecture of the ordered AC8 domains bound to Gαs and the small molecule activator forskolin. The extracellular surface of AC8 features a negatively charged pocket, a potential site for unknown interactors. Despite the well-resolved forskolin density, the captured state of AC8 does not favour tight nucleotide binding. The structural proteomics approaches, limited proteolysis and crosslinking mass spectrometry (LiP-MS and XL-MS), allowed us to identify the contact sites between AC8 and its regulators, CaM, Gαs, and Gβγ, as well as to infer the conformational changes induced by these interactions. Our results provide a framework for understanding the role of flexible regions in the mechanism of AC regulation.
Enzyme-polymer conjugates with photocleavable linkers for control over protein activity
Authors: Tan Mikayla F. , Hosier Brock M. , Forsythe Neil L. , Maynard Heather D. 
Published: February 2024

Polymer-lysozyme conjugates with ortho-nitrobenzyl linkages were synthesized by grafting-to and grafting-from approaches. Polymer cleavage with light resulted in recovery of enzyme activity.
Transient stability analysis of virtual synchronous generator with current saturation by multiple Lyapunov functions method
Authors: Li Yujun , Liu Jingrui , Liu Yonghui , Yang Songhao , Du Zhengchun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper demonstrates that the switching of one grid‐connected virtual synchronous generator (VSG) between two control modes, namely constant voltage control (CVC) and current limiting control (CLC) happens at the derived two switching lines. Based on the current limiting inequality, the traditional current‐switched model is transferred to the angle‐switched model proposed here, and the system can be studied as one switched dynamic system. Based on this model, the transient stability of VSG with controller limits is investigated. This is achieved by constructing Lyapunov functions for each subsystem and deriving the relationship between the values of Lyapunov functions constructed under different conditions at the switching moment. The stability of the system is ensured when the Lyapunov function of each subsystem presents a decreasing trend in two consecutive switching intervals. On this basis, the stability boundary of the switching system is derived. Further analysis shows that optimal adjustment of the saturation current angle can make the system reach the maximum stability boundary. Finally, the numerical simulations and experimental tests verify the correctness of the proposed analysis.
Nachwirkungen der Corona-Pandemie und Corona-Schutzmaßnahmen
auf die Angebote und Leistungen der Suchthilfe – Update
2023
Authors: Raiser Peter 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag erfolgt eine Situationsbeschreibung der Leistungserbringung in
Einrichtungen und Verbänden der Suchthilfe nach Beendigung der
Corona-Schutzmaßnahmen. Während der Pandemie hatten zahlreiche
Sonderbestimmungen und Verordnungen große verändernde
Auswirkungen auf die Leistungserbringung in niedrigschwelligen Hilfen,
Suchtberatung, Prävention, Rehabilitation und Sucht-Selbsthilfe. Nach
der Rücknahme der Sonderbestimmungen bestehen einige der
Veränderungen bzw. Auswirkungen der Veränderungen auf die
Leistungserbringung fort. Die Beobachtungen und Beschreibungen der
Veränderungen und beruhen auf Schilderungen und Berichten von
Vertreterinnen und Vertretern der Verbände und Einrichtungen der
Suchthilfe.
In-silico, Synthesis, Characterization, and In-vitro
Studies on Benzylidene-based 2-chloroquinolin Derivatives as Free Radical
Scavengers in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Subramanian Gomathy , Prasad Kaveri , Chand Jagdish , Amarjith Thiyyar K. , Shanish Antony A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractParkinson’s disease is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the
substantial nigra part of the brain leading to neurodegeneration. Whereas,
reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial impairment are considered to be the
major pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. The benzylidene-based
2-chloroquinolin derivatives were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, NMR,
and MS spectrometry which were screened using various in-silico
approaches. The designed compounds were further assessed using in-vitro
cytotoxicity assay by the MTT method, DPPH assay, and Glutathione measurements
in the SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines. The compounds JD-7 and JD-4 were found
to have a binding affinity of − 7.941 and
− 7.633 kcal/mol with an MMGBSA score of
− 64.614 and − 62.817 kcal/mol.
The compound JD-7 showed the highest % Cell viability of 87.64%
at a minimal dose of 125 µg/mL by the MTT method. The
neurotoxicity effects were observed at increasing concentrations from 0 to 125,
250, and 500 µg/mL. Further, free radical scavenging
activity for the JD-7 was found to be 36.55 at lowest
125 µg/mL concentrations. At
125 µg/mL, GSH % and GSSG % were found
to be increasing in rotenone treatment, whereas JD-7 and JD-4 were found in the
downregulation of glutathione level in the pre-treated rotenone SHSY5Y
neuroblastoma cell lines. The benzylidene-based chloroquinolin derivatives were
synthesized, and among the compounds JD-1 to JD-13, the compounds JD-7, and JD-4
were found to have having highest % cell viability, free radical
scavenging molecules, and glutathione levels in the SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cell
lines and could be used as free radical scavengers in Parkinson’s
disease.
The Evolution of the Bone Turnover Marker in Patients Following
Recovery from Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Wen Song , Xu Chenglin , Yuan Yue , Li Yanyan , Xu Dongxiang , Gong Min , Zhou Mingyue , Zhou Ligang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate whether the biomarkers for bone turnover
could rapidly recover during the period of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Bone
turnover biomarkers, including 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, N-terminal middle molecular
fragment of osteocalcin (NMID), and β-C terminal cross-linking
telopeptide of type 1 collagen were evaluated using in-patient data
(n=627) from Shanghai Pudong Hospital from 2018–2022. The
comparison was performed between type 2 diabetes (T2D only) (n=602) and
DKA (n=25), in which we checked the bone turnover markers at
pre-treatment and recovery. After matching by body mass index (BMI), we found
that except for 25-OH-VitD3, the age difference, indices of glucose metabolism,
and bone turnover were significant between the 2 groups (p<0.05). We
found only a significant restoration of NMID (p<0.001). NMID and
β-CTX, when compared with T2D, showed overt distinction between recovery
and T2D (p<0.05). In addition, the investigations demonstrated a
substantial difference between 25-OH-VitD3 in males and NMID in females,
regardless of age (p<0.05). Multilinear regression analysis revealed
that 2 hours postprandial plasma C-peptide was an independent predictor
of the NMID in both pre-treatment (β=0.58, p=0.003) and
recovery (β=0.447, p=0.025), although sex was
significant in pre-treatment (β=–0.444,
p=0.020). Finally, we found that only age variation affected
DKA’s fasting plasma glucose level (p<0.05). The study revealed
that the bone turnover of DKA is significantly different in pre-treatment and
recovery; however, NMID might recover quickly if the patients received
appropriate treatment. Importantly, pancreatic function plays a critical role in
changing bone turnover biomarkers.
Do Uro-Oncology Day Care Procedures Need to Be Differed during COVID-19 Pandemic?—An Experience from Tertiary Cancer Care Center
Authors: Srivastava Nishit , Pal Mahnedra , Prakash Gagan , Arora Amandeep , Murthy Vedang , Joshi Amit , Bakshi Ganesh , Baskaran Dhanapal , Chandkhede Uday 
Published: February 2024

Background The SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic has affected millions all over the world in very short span and changed the way how health care system work across the globe. It is essential to continue cancer treatment in spite of such pandemics. Various recommendations were proposed for cancer management based on risk stratification, however, in urological malignancies, day care procedures (DCPs) are a part of complete spectrum of cancer care and standard operating procedures (SOPs) for day care procedures (DCPs)in oncology is lacking at present.
Materials and Methods This is an institutional review board approved retrospective observational analytical study performed in tertiary cancer care center, with aim to assess the impact of COVID-19 on Uro-oncology day care procedures (U-DCPs)in terms of changes in appointments and actual U-DCPs performed, demographic changes such as sex ratio and age wise attendance in pre and post lockdown period and to provide a SOPs to accomplishU-DCPsefficiently in pandemics.
Results There was 67.89% and 68.16% reduction in total numbers of appointment and performed U-DCPs. A statistically significant difference was found in cystoscopy, intravesicalinstallation and miscellaneous UDCPs. Overall, 4.45% reduction and 4.52% increase in male and female patients underwent UDCPs respectively, M:F ratio reduced from 3.58:1 to 2.79:1 and 30% to 50% reduction in overall patient statistics in post lockdown compare to pre lockdown procedures.For various age groups there was a statistically significant change in the number for males underwent cystoscopy in (p<0.001), Intravesical therapies (p<0.001) and miscellaneous procedures(p< 0.004).
Conclusion We are now coming up to the fact that effective management of healthcare system during pandemics require establishment and effective implementation of standard protocols. Routine major urological surgical care is continued using a tiered standard of protocols (SOPs) and adequate precautions. This study may provide an insight into impact of COVID-19 on UDCPs and what precautions and strategies can be institutionalized so that the patients and the health care workers remain protected from contracting infection while in performing DCPs during pandemic or similar circumstances.
Syndactylism of Fingers: A Clinical Study
Authors: Ghosh Dipak Kumar , Mukherjee Murari Mohan 
Published: February 2024

SummaryDifferent aspects of 44 cases of Syndaetylism secen and treated at Department of Plastic Surgery, S. S. K. M. Hospital and IPGMER 1958 and 1966, followed up for varying periods from 1 to 8 years are described. The probable aetiological factors, the clinical variations, and the treatment are discussed.
A Transposed Scrotal Flap in Hypospadias Repair
Authors: Dhawan Dr. I. K. , Agarwal Dr. S. B. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryA scrotal flap has been described to provide cover in penoscrotal hypospadias, and posi-operative fistulae near the root of the penis Scrotura is a store house of lax skin. Transposition of the flap is easy and closure of the scrotal defect presents no problems.
Furacin Ointment for Local Treatment of Burns
Authors: Nadkarni S. V. , Nayak M. N. , Malik T. K. , Parashar S. K. , Varma R. A. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryFuracin Ointment is one of the drugs used for the local wounds of burns but has not been clinically assessed in India, so far. This is a review of the clinical trial of the drug conducted in the general hospital setup. 71 cases were ftreated with Furacin Ointment applied locally twice a week. 32 were superficial burns and 39 were deep burns. The data of incidence, causes, the percentage of body surface burnt etc. are presented, as also the results of the treatment, as judged by the average hospital stay, and skin-graft take. The hospital stay was markedly less as compared with those who were treated on other lines of local treatment. Considering 809 take of the graft as successful 70% had good results, after skin-grafting. Detailed bacteriological study was also carried out, and the relevant data is presented.The review indicates that Furacin is very useful, and improves the clinical results, it is cheap and easily applicable method under any set-up, it is effective against organisms that commonly infect the burns wounds but not effective against Ps. Pyocyaneus and proteus group.
DPDS Demystified: Imaging Insights and Minimally Invasive Management
Authors: Rathi Kartik , Koteshwar Prakashini 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Aim This article retrospectively evaluates the radiological imaging features in establishing the diagnosis of pancreatic duct disconnection along with outlining the effective management protocols.
Materials and Methods Sixty-three patients with radiological or clinical suspicion of pancreatic duct disconnection were identified. Their computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) images, clinical data, and laboratory parameters from medical records were retrieved and analyzed. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) findings or raised amylase values in the necrotic collection higher than three times the reference range were considered as proven cases of disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome (DPDS) for the study. Multiple parameters were assessed on imaging to establish the diagnosis of DPDS. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis and radiological imaging features of pancreatic duct disconnection were evaluated. Laboratory parameters of serum amylase/lipase and amylase/lipase values from the collection were also studied along with the mode of clinical management and outcome on follow-up.
Results The radiological imaging features of pancreatic duct disconnection were assessed in 63 patients in which it was seen that magnetic resonance imaging had a significantly higher accuracy rate in diagnosing DPDS as opposed to CT. Minimally invasive procedures such as endoscopic cystogastrostomy was the preferred management in most cases with ERCP stenting being the next favored management of choice. Resolution or reduction of symptoms was mostly seen on follow-up with 12.69% of patients developing complications.
Conclusion This study highlighted the imaging features of DPDS apart from ascertaining the parameters that could be assessed to aid in early diagnosis of DPDS. MRCP has a higher accuracy rate compared with CT in diagnosing DPDS. A combination of two or more parameters on MRCP was more accurate in the identification of DPDS rather than a single parameter. Minimally invasive treatment options such as endoscopic transluminal drainage with or without stenting are currently preferred in the treatment of DPDS over surgical management. Early diagnosis and prompt management of DPDS is essential to reduce the onset of serious complications apart from improving the quality of life of these patients posttreatment.