bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In silico study of the electronic portal imaging devices sensitivity to parotid glands shrinkage during radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cases
Authors: Alzahrani Hanan Mohammed 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis computational investigation examines the capability of electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) in detecting anatomical changes during radiation therapy. A photon beam for 6 MV was simulated using compliant phase-space files via BEAMnrc (an EGSnrc user code). Initially, the dose calculation was carried out using DOSXYZnrc, an EGSnrc user code, on a water-based calibration phantom made of water. Phantoms, constructed utilizing patient computed tomography data, were subsequently used to simulate clinically relevant parotid gland (PG) shrinkage through image deformation using ImSimQA software. Two EPID geometries were implemented; a simple water slab, and a comprehensive multi-layer representation of the EPID (referred to as the 17-slab model). Using a 1%/1 mm gamma index the 17-slab geometry was sensitive to volume reductions in the PG ≥ − 26% from its original volume, while the water slab detected volume reduction of ≥ − 28.5%. In a clinical setting, replanning of head and neck patients is initiated when a reduction of 24–30% in PG volume is detected through cone-beam computed tomography. The sensitivity index, indicative of the signal to error ratio between the reference and evaluated images, showed an increase as the gland volume decreased for both models. Notably, the 17-slab model consistently more sensitive than the water slab. This computational study highlights the prospective use of EPIDs in monitoring and detecting clinically significant volume changes in the PG during radiation treatment. Advances in knowledge: While EPIDs are frequently employed for patient setup and alignment, this computational work constructed a virtual EPID to assess its detection abilities for the anatomical changes in the PG due to radiation exposure in head and neck cancer cases.
Economic Performance of Rainfed Wheat-Double Crop Systems under Weed Competition
Authors: Maples Chellie H. , Lambert Dayton M. , Manuchehri Misha R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study examines the economic performance of rainfed cropping systems endemic to the Southern Great Plains under weed competition. Cropping systems include tilled and no-till wheat-fallow, wheat-soybean, and wheat-sorghum rotations. Net returns from systems are compared under different levels of weed pressure. Producers operating over longer planning horizons would choose to double-crop regardless of the tillage method used and weed pressure level. Producers operating under shorter planning horizons would implement wheat-fallow systems when weed pressure is high and double crop when weed pressure is low.
Identification of carbapenem-resistant organism (CRO) contamination of in-room sinks in intensive care units in a new hospital bed tower
Authors: Warren Bobby G. , Smith Becky A. , Barrett Aaron , Graves Amanda M. , Nelson Alicia , Gettler Erin , Lewis Sarah S. , Anderson Deverick J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground:The origins and timing of inpatient room sink contamination with carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs) are poorly understood.Methods:We performed a prospective observational study to describe the timing, rate, and frequency of CRO contamination of in-room handwashing sinks in 2 intensive care units (ICU) in a newly constructed hospital bed tower. Study units, A and B, were opened to patient care in succession. The patients in unit A were moved to a new unit in the same bed tower, unit B. Each unit was similarly designed with 26 rooms and in-room sinks. Microbiological samples were taken every 4 weeks from 3 locations from each study sink: the top of the bowl, the drain cover, and the p-trap. The primary outcome was sink conversion events (SCEs), defined as CRO contamination of a sink in which CRO had not previously been detected.Results:Sink samples were obtained 22 times from September 2020 to June 2022, giving 1,638 total environmental cultures. In total, 2,814 patients were admitted to study units while sink sampling occurred. We observed 35 SCEs (73%) overall; 9 sinks (41%) in unit A became contaminated with CRO by month 10, and all 26 sinks became contaminated in unit B by month 7. Overall, 299 CRO isolates were recovered; the most common species were Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Conclusion:CRO contamination of sinks in 2 newly constructed ICUs was rapid and cumulative. Our findings support in-room sinks as reservoirs of CRO and emphasize the need for prevention strategies to mitigate contamination of hands and surfaces from CRO-colonized sinks.
POLISH SPACE PARTITION PRINCIPLES AND THE HALPERN–LÄUCHLI THEOREM
Authors: LAMBIE-HANSON CHRIS , ZUCKER ANDY 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Halpern–Läuchli theorem, a combinatorial result about trees, admits an elegant proof due to Harrington using ideas from forcing. In an attempt to distill the combinatorial essence of this proof, we isolate various partition principles about products of perfect Polish spaces. These principles yield straightforward proofs of the Halpern–Läuchli theorem, and the same forcing from Harrington’s proof can force their consistency. We also show that these principles are not ZFC theorems by showing that they put lower bounds on the size of the continuum.
Mushroom intake and risk of incident disabling dementia: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS)
Authors: Aoki Shoko , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Maruyama Kotatsu , Ikeda Ai , Nagao Masanori , Noda Hiroyuki , Umesawa Mitsumasa , Hayama-Terada Mina , Muraki Isao , Okada Chika , Tanaka Mari , Kishida Rie , Kihara Tomomi , Takada Midori , Shimizu Yuji , Ohira Tetsuya , Imano Hironori , Sankai Tomoko , Okada Takeo , Tanigawa Takeshi , Kitamura Akihiko , Kiyama Masahiko , Iso Hiroyasu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIt is uncertain whether dietary intake of mushrooms rich in dietary fibre and several antioxidants is associated with a lower risk of dementia. We sought to examine prospectively the association between mushroom intake and the risk of disabling dementia. We performed a prospective study involving 3750 people aged 40 to 64 years residing in three communities who participated in an annual cardiovascular risk survey from 1985 to 1999. Cases of incident disabling dementia were surveyed from 1999 to 2020. We calculated the hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI for incident total dementia according to mushroom intake among participants with or without a history of stroke. During a mean 16·0 years’ follow-up in 3739 eligible participants, 670 people developed disabling dementia. For women, mushroom intake was inversely associated with the risk of total dementia and the association was confined to dementia without a history of stroke. The multivariable HR (95 % CI) for total dementia in women were 0·81 (0·62, 1·06) for mushroom intake of 0·1–14·9 g/d and 0·56 (0·42, 0·75) for mushroom intake above 15·0 g/d (Pfor trend = 0·003) compared with no intake. The corresponding HR (95 % CI) for dementia without a history of stroke were 0·66 (0·47, 0·93) and 0·55 (0·38, 0·79) (Pfor trend = 0·01). In men, no associations were observed between mushroom intake and the risk of disabling dementia. Among Japanese women, dietary mushroom intake was associated with a lower risk of disabling dementia.
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on multilingual families in the Netherlands
Authors: UNSWORTH Sharon , VAN DEN AKKER Marieke , VAN DIJK Caya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, public life in many countries ground to a halt in early 2020. The aims of this study were (i) to uncover the language practices of multilingual families during the pandemic, in general and especially regarding homeschooling; and (ii) to determine to what extent the changes in circumstance caused by the pandemic impacted children’s language use and proficiency, and family well-being. Parents from 587 families completed an online survey for 1051 children. Data were analysed using ordinal logistic regression. Our results showed that for most children, there were no changes in language use, proficiency or well-being. When there were changes, these were more likely for (families with) preschool children. Using the heritage language for homeschooling (some or all of the time) did not have a negative impact on Dutch language proficiency, but it did have a positive impact on the heritage language proficiency.
Heterogeneous Basal Thermal Conditions Underpinning the Adélie‐George V Coast, East Antarctica
Authors: Dawson Eliza J. , Schroeder Dustin M. , Chu Winnie , Mantelli Elisa , Seroussi Helene 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdélie‐George V Land in East Antarctica, encompassing the vast Wilkes Subglacial Basin, has a configuration that could be prone to ice sheet instability: the basin's retrograde bed slope could make its marine terminating glaciers vulnerable to warm seawater intrusion and irreversible retreat under predicted climate forcing. However, future projections are uncertain, due in part to limited subglacial observations near the grounding zone. Here, we develop a novel statistical approach to characterize subglacial conditions from radar sounding observations. Our method reveals intermixed frozen and thawed bed within 100 km of the grounding‐zone near the Wilkes Subglacial Basin outflow, and enables comparisons to ice sheet model‐inferred thermal states. The signs of intermixed or near thawed conditions raises the possibility that changes in basal thermal state could impact the stability of Adélie‐George V Land, adding to the region's potentially vulnerable topographic configuration and sensitivity to ocean forcing driven grounding line retreat.
Large Igneous Province Emplacement Triggered an Oxygenation Event at ∼1.4 Ga: Evidence From Mercury and Paleo‐Productivity Proxies
Authors: Xu Lei , Lechte Maxwell , Shi Xiaoying , Zheng Wang , Zhou Limin , Huang Kangjun , Zhou Xiqiang , Tang Dongjie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe mid‐Proterozoic (∼1.8–0.8 Ga) ocean‐atmosphere system is hypothesized to have experienced fluctuations in redox conditions with transient oxygenation events. One of these happened at ∼1.4 Ga, and it is speculated that this event may link to the emplacement of large igneous province (LIP) at this time. However, direct evidence for this relationship remains to be proved. Here, we report Hg/TOC, P, and trace element concentrations across the ∼1.4 Ga oxygenation event in the Xiamaling Formation of North China. A prominent increase in Hg/TOC is slightly earlier than that of nutrient contents (especially P), pyrite and TOC abundances, suggesting that this distinct oxygenation event was likely the result of LIP activity at ∼1.4 Ga, which increased nutrient and sulfate supply from continental weathering to the ocean, sustaining elevated primary productivity, organic carbon and pyrite burial. This study indicates that LIP weathering could trigger transient oxygenation events during the mid‐Proterozoic.
Parameter Regimes of Hemispherical Dynamo Waves in a Spherical Shell From 3D MHD Simulations
Authors: Wu Yifan , Dietrich Wieland , Tao Xin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe MHD dynamo process, which generates a magnetic field through turbulent motion inside an electrically conducting fluid layer, is of fundamental importance to earth and planetary science. Numerical simulations have been employed to investigate the MHD dynamo process for several decades and can reproduce various observed magnetic field properties, including dipolar and multipolar magnetic fields with different field strengths. In this work, we focus on a particular type of dynamo solution where the magnetic fields are concentrated in either the northern or the southern hemisphere and show wave‐like regular reversals and propagations. We surveyed an extensive parameter range and found that these dynamo waves are the predominant solution when the thermal drive is sufficient to maintain a magnetic field but insufficient to drive a chaotic multipolar dynamo. These waves seem to require moderate convection forcing, characterized by a local Rossby number between 0.04 and 0.1. Further investigation shows that the waves likely are αΩ Parker dynamo waves, based on the consistency of the simulated wave frequency with the mean‐field dynamo theory. Our results have implications for the observed dichotomy of planetary magnetic fields as well as the possibility of the absence of paleomagnetic records while the dynamos were still operating.
Sema3A secreted by sensory nerve induces bone formation under mechanical loads
Authors: Mei Hongxiang , Li Zhengzheng , Lv Qinyi , Li Xingjian , Wu Yumeng , Feng Qingchen , Jiang Zhishen , Zhou Yimei , Zheng Yule , Gao Ziqi , Zhou Jiawei , Jiang Chen , Huang Shishu , Li Juan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBone formation and deposition are initiated by sensory nerve infiltration in adaptive bone remodeling. Here, we focused on the role of Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), expressed by sensory nerves, in mechanical loads-induced bone formation and nerve withdrawal using orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model. Firstly, bone formation was activated after the 3rd day of OTM, coinciding with a decrease in sensory nerves and an increase in pain threshold. Sema3A, rather than nerve growth factor (NGF), highly expressed in both trigeminal ganglion and the axons of periodontal ligament following the 3rd day of OTM. Moreover, in vitro mechanical loads upregulated Sema3A in neurons instead of in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) within 24 hours. Furthermore, exogenous Sema3A restored the suppressed alveolar bone formation and the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs induced by mechanical overload. Mechanistically, Sema3A prevented overstretching of F-actin induced by mechanical overload through ROCK2 pathway, maintaining mitochondrial dynamics as mitochondrial fusion. Therefore, Sema3A exhibits dual therapeutic effects in mechanical loads-induced bone formation, both as a pain-sensitive analgesic and a positive regulator for bone formation.
Exceptional points enhance sensing in silicon micromechanical resonators
Authors: Zhang Man-Na , Dong Lei , Wang Li-Feng , Huang Qing-An 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExceptional points (EPs) have recently emerged as a new method for engineering the response of open physical systems, that is, systems that interact with the environment. The systems at the EPs exhibit a strong response to a small perturbation. Here, we show a method by which the sensitivity of silicon resonant sensors can be enhanced when operated at EPs. In our experiments, we use a pair of mechanically coupled silicon micromechanical resonators constituting a parity–time (PT)-symmetric dimer. Small perturbations introduced on the mechanically coupled spring cause the frequency to split from the EPs into the PT-symmetric regime without broadening the two spectrum linewidths, and this frequency splitting scales with the square root of the perturbation strength. The overall signal-to-noise ratio is still greatly enhanced, although the measured noise spectral density of the EP sensing scheme has a slight increase comparable to the traditional counterpart. Our results pave the way for resonant sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity.
The role of wearable home blood pressure monitoring in detecting out-of-office control status
Authors: Pan Heng-Yu , Lee Chih-Kuo , Liu Tzu-Yao , Lee Guan-Wei , Chen Chiao-Wei , Wang Tzung-Dau 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAmbulatory blood pressure (ABP) and home blood pressure (HBP) monitoring is currently recommended for management of hypertension. Nonetheless, traditional HBP protocols could overlook diurnal fluctuations, which could also be linked with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. In this observational study, we studied among a group of treated hypertensive patients (N = 62, age: 52.4 ± 10.4 years) by using out-of-office ABP and wearable HBP. They received one session of 24-h ABP measurement with an oscillometric upper-arm monitor, and totally three sessions of 7-day/6-time-daily wearable HBP measurement separated in each month with HeartGuide. Controlled hypertension is defined as an average BP <130/80 mmHg for both daytime ABP and HBP. There was substantial reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC 0.883–0.911) and good reproducibility (Cohen’s kappa = 0.600) for wearable HBP measurement, especially before breakfast and after dinner. Among all patients, 27.4% had both uncontrolled HBP and ABP, 30.6% had uncontrolled HBP only, while 6.5% had uncontrolled ABP only. Female gender and increased numbers of anti-hypertensive agents are correlated with controlled hypertension. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension had a significantly higher maximal daytime blood pressure, which was previously signified as an imperial marker for cardiovascular risk. In conclusion, wearable HBP monitoring in accordance with a dedicated daily-living schedule results in good reliability and reproducibility. Patients with an uncontrolled wearable HBP should benefit from repeated HBP or ABP measurement for risk stratification.
Bispecific BCMA/CD24 CAR-T cells control multiple myeloma growth
Authors: Sun Fumou , Cheng Yan , Wanchai Visanu , Guo Wancheng , Mery David , Xu Hongwei , Gai Dongzheng , Siegel Eric , Bailey Clyde , Ashby Cody , Al Hadidi Samer , Schinke Carolina , Thanendrarajan Sharmilan , Ma Yupo , Yi Qing , Orlowski Robert Z. , Zangari Maurizio , van Rhee Frits , Janz Siegfried , Bishop Gail , Tricot Guido , Shaughnessy John D. , Zhan Fenghuang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAnti-multiple myeloma B cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies represent a promising treatment strategy with high response rates in myeloma. However, durable cures following anti-BCMA CAR-T cell treatment of myeloma are rare. One potential reason is that a small subset of minimal residual myeloma cells seeds relapse. Residual myeloma cells following BCMA-CAR-T-mediated treatment show less-differentiated features and express stem-like genes, including CD24. CD24-positive myeloma cells represent a large fraction of residual myeloma cells after BCMA-CAR-T therapy. In this work, we develop CD24-CAR-T cells and test their ability to eliminate myeloma cells. We find that CD24-CAR-T cells block the CD24-Siglec-10 pathway, thereby enhancing macrophage phagocytic clearance of myeloma cells. Additionally, CD24-CAR-T cells polarize macrophages to a M1-like phenotype. A dual-targeted BCMA-CD24-CAR-T exhibits improved efficacy compared to monospecific BCMA-CAR-T-cell therapy. This work presents an immunotherapeutic approach that targets myeloma cells and promotes tumor cell clearance by macrophages.
Dual electrical stimulation at spinal-muscular interface reconstructs spinal sensorimotor circuits after spinal cord injury
Authors: Zhou Kai , Wei Wei , Yang Dan , Zhang Hui , Yang Wei , Zhang Yunpeng , Nie Yingnan , Hao Mingming , Wang Pengcheng , Ruan Hang , Zhang Ting , Wang Shouyan , Liu Yaobo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe neural signals produced by varying electrical stimulation parameters lead to characteristic neural circuit responses. However, the characteristics of neural circuits reconstructed by electrical signals remain poorly understood, which greatly limits the application of such electrical neuromodulation techniques for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Here, we develop a dual electrical stimulation system that combines epidural electrical and muscle stimulation to mimic feedforward and feedback electrical signals in spinal sensorimotor circuits. We demonstrate that a stimulus frequency of 10−20 Hz under dual stimulation conditions is required for structural and functional reconstruction of spinal sensorimotor circuits, which not only activates genes associated with axonal regeneration of motoneurons, but also improves the excitability of spinal neurons. Overall, the results provide insights into neural signal decoding during spinal sensorimotor circuit reconstruction, suggesting that the combination of epidural electrical and muscle stimulation is a promising method for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
In vivo real-time positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) and single particle PET
Authors: Pellico Juan , Vass Laurence , Carrascal-Miniño Amaia , Man Francis , Kim Jana , Sunassee Kavitha , Parker David , Blower Philip J. , Marsden Paul K. , T. M. de Rosales Rafael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPositron emission particle tracking (PEPT) enables 3D localization and tracking of single positron-emitting radiolabelled particles with high spatiotemporal resolution. The translation of PEPT to the biomedical imaging field has been limited due to the lack of methods to radiolabel biocompatible particles with sufficient specific activity and protocols to isolate a single particle in the sub-micrometre size range, below the threshold for capillary embolization. Here we report two key developments: the synthesis and 68Ga-radiolabelling of homogeneous silica particles of 950 nm diameter with unprecedented specific activities (2.1 ± 1.4 kBq per particle), and the isolation and manipulation of a single particle. We have combined these developments to perform in vivo PEPT and dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of a single radiolabelled sub-micrometre size particle using a pre-clinical positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanner. This work opens possibilities for quantitative assessment of haemodynamics in vivo in real time, at the whole-body level using minimal amounts of injected radioactive dose and material.
Inverse design of high-dimensional quantum optical circuits in a complex medium
Authors: Goel Suraj , Leedumrongwatthanakun Saroch , Valencia Natalia Herrera , McCutcheon Will , Tavakoli Armin , Conti Claudio , Pinkse Pepijn W. H. , Malik Mehul 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProgrammable optical circuits are an important tool in developing quantum technologies such as transceivers for quantum communication and integrated photonic chips for quantum information processing. Maintaining precise control over every individual component becomes challenging at large scales, leading to a reduction in the quality of operations performed. In parallel, minor imperfections in circuit fabrication are amplified in this regime, dramatically inhibiting their performance. Here we use inverse design techniques to embed optical circuits in the higher-dimensional space of a large, ambient mode mixer such as a commercial multimode fibre. This approach allows us to forgo control over each individual circuit element, and retain a high degree of programmability. We use our circuits as quantum gates to manipulate high-dimensional spatial-mode entanglement in up to seven dimensions. Their programmability allows us to turn a multimode fibre into a generalized multioutcome measurement device, allowing us to both transport and certify entanglement within the transmission channel. With the support of numerical simulations, we show that our method is a scalable approach to obtaining high circuit fidelity with a low circuit depth by harnessing the resource of a high-dimensional mode mixer.