bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen isotope ratios of phosphates in the soil‐plant system: Limitations and future developments
Authors: von Sperber Christian , Pistocchi Chiara , Weiler Markus , Tamburini Federica 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe oxygen isotope ratio of phosphates is a powerful tool to study phosphorus in the soil‐plant system. In the past two decades, the scientific community has made substantial progress in characterizing biogeochemical processes that lead to an alteration of oxygen isotope ratios in phosphates and in evaluating oxygen isotope ratios of phosphates in plants and soils under various environmental conditions around the globe. However, there are still uncertainties with respect to their interpretation in environmental systems. These uncertainties include the comprehensive analysis of isotope endmembers, artifacts during the chemical extractions and the phosphate purification protocols, overlapping isotope values from various processes and sources, gaps of knowledge about isotope effects of metabolic pathways, and the possibly erroneous assumption that insights from experiments under controlled laboratory conditions can be directly translated into the complex soil‐plant system. This paper provides a critical discussion of these uncertainties addressing recommendations and needs for future research and gives an outlook on recent technological advances, such as triple oxygen isotope analysis or the use of high‐resolution mass spectrometry. We conclude by suggesting that a concerted and systematic effort by scientists from a wide range of disciplines will be necessary to remove the uncertainties in the interpretation of oxygen isotope ratios in phosphates as an environmental tracer.
Incidence and risk factors for complications associated with equine general anaesthesia for elective magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Morgan Jessica M. , Aceto Helen , Manzi Timothy , Davidson Elizabeth J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundComplications are a practical consideration for elective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies performed under general anaesthesia but relatively little is known about their distribution and risk factors.ObjectivesTo describe the incidence of complications associated with MRI performed under general anaesthesia at a large referral facility and evaluate potential risk factors for these complications.Study designRetrospective case–control study.MethodsPatient information and details of the MRI procedure were collected retrospectively from medical records of all horses that had undergone an MRI under general anaesthesia at the University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, between September 2005 and April 2012. Complications and categorical variables were examined by chi‐squared or Fisher's exact tests as appropriate. A mixed‐effects logistic regression approach was used to evaluate associations between explanatory variables and the outcome variable (complications or pyrexia). A univariable screen was used to select variables (likelihood ratio test p < 0.2) for inclusion in the multivariable analysis. Statistical significance was inferred when p ≤ 0.05.ResultsComplications were noted after MRI in 51 (17.4%) of 293 events eligible for inclusion. Complications included pyrexia (n = 35), pneumonia (n = 14), colic (n = 10), facial/nerve paralysis (n = 6), diarrhoea (n = 4), and other (n = 3). The odds of developing a post‐anaesthetic complication were significantly decreased in horses that received peri‐anaesthetic antimicrobials (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.14–0.63, p = 0.002). Increased age (OR 0.87, 95% CI, 0.76–0.99, p = 0.03) and peri‐anaesthetic antimicrobial administration (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.08–0.65, p = 0.005) were associated with a decreased odds of developing pyrexia.Main limitationsSingle centre retrospective design.ConclusionsPotential complications including pyrexia, pneumonia and colic should be recognised when pursuing MRI under general anaesthesia. The administration of peri‐anaesthetic antimicrobials decreased the odds of a complication and warrants consideration, particularly in horses that might be classified as high risk.
Chronic kidney disease and value‐based care: Lessons from innovation, iteration, and ideation in primary care
Authors: Berman Matthew E. , Lowentritt Joshua E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractValue‐based primary care has reduced health care costs, improved the quality of rendered care, and enhanced the patient experience. Value‐based care emphasizes prevention, outreach, follow‐up, patient engagement, and comprehensive, whole‐person health. Primary care Accountable Care Organizations have leveraged technology‐enabled workflows, practice transformation, and cutting‐edge data and analytics to achieve success. These efforts are increasingly aided by predictive modeling used in the context of patient identification and prioritization algorithms. Value‐based kidney care programs can glean salient takeaways from successful value‐based primary care methods and models. The kidney care community is experiencing unprecedented transformation as novel payer programs and financial models burgeon. The authors contend these efforts can be accelerated by the adoption of techniques honed in value‐based primary care. To optimize value‐based kidney care, though, nephrology thought leaders must transcend the archetype of value‐based primary care. To do so, the nephrology community must: (1) impel behavioral change among fee‐for‐service adherents; (2) harness emerging policy, guidelines, and quality measures; (3) adopt innovative tools, technologies, and therapies. In aggregating lessons from value‐based primary care—and leveraging novel methodologies and approaches—the kidney care community will be better equipped to achieve the quadruple aim for kidney care.
The evasive responses of learners of Chinese as a foreign language in daily interaction: A speech act point of view
Authors: Liu Shiyu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I explore the interactional phenomenon of evasion by using Edmondson and House's (1981) typology, which divides speech act categories into ‘Substantive’ and ‘Ritual’ speech acts. First, I examined which speech acts are used by native Chinese speakers and learners of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) to realise evasive interactional responses in the Chinese linguaculture. Second, I compared the ways in which native speakers of Chinese and CFL learners realise evasions. Data were collected from 20 CFL learners and 20 native Chinese speakers, who completed a Discourse Completion Test featuring conflict scenarios such as a choice between lying and hurting someone's feelings. The results showed that the most frequented speech in evasive responses are Opine and Tell. Native Chinese speakers tend to use internal modification in the form of downgraders and honorifics, while CFL learners tend to use external mitigators.
Nurses' mental workload and public health emergency response capacity in COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: He Hong , Wang Jialin , Yuan Zhongqing , Teng Mei , Wang Shuping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to assess the level of mental workload of Chinese nurses through a latent profile analysis and to explore its relationship with public health emergency response capacity.DesignA cross‐sectional design with a convenience sample.MethodsA convenience sample of nurses from five tertiary hospitals in Chengdu between May and December 2022. Demographic, work‐related information, Nurse's version of NASA's Task Load Index Scale and Nurse's Public Health Emergency Response Capacity Scale were used in this study.ResultsThe mean scores for mental workload and emergency response capacity for nurses were (57.19 ± 15.67) and (3.58 ± 0.77) respectively. We found that the mental workload of nurses fell into three potential categories. In addition, there were differences in psychological training and supply of epidemic prevention materials in the department among nurses with different mental workload subtypes. There was a moderate negative correlation between nurses' mental workload and public health emergency response capacity.ConclusionOur results show that there is still a strong mental workload on a proportion of nurses, and enhanced psychological training and material supply support are beneficial in relieving nurses' mental workload. The better the nurses' capacity to cope with public health emergencies, the lower their mental workload.ImpactNursing managers should pay ongoing attention to the mental workload status of nurses in the latter stages of a pandemic and individual differences in nurses' mental workload. In addition, nursing managers should be aware of the impact of public health emergency response capacity on nurses' mental workload. They can intervene in nurses mental workload from a new perspective.Patient or Public Contribution560 registered nurses participated in this study.
Parents' perspectives on provided health care for adults with Down syndrome: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Verstraten‐Oudshoorn Lisette M. , Coppus Antonia M. , de Klein Mieke , Bakker‐van Gijssel Esther J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundA comprehensive multidisciplinary medical guideline for adults with Down syndrome is lacking in the Netherlands. In this study, we aim to explore parents' views on multidisciplinary care and identify which aspects of health care they find most important in the context of developing such a guideline.MethodThis qualitative study used semi‐structured interviews. Nineteen interviews were conducted with parents of adults with Down syndrome. The main themes and subthemes were identified from the transcripts by using the framework method.ResultsFour main themes were identified which should be addressed in the guideline according to the parents: parents' support in medical care, patient‐centred care, important medical topics and the organisation of medical care.ConclusionsThis study provides insights into parents' opinions about medical care for adults with Down syndrome. These insights are used in the construction of a guideline to improve medical care for adults with Down syndrome.
The roles of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Yinzhi Deng , Jianhua He , Hesheng Luo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLiver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major complication after partial hepatectomy and liver transplantation and during hypovolemic shock and hypoxia‐related diseases. Liver IRI is a current research hotspot. The early stage of liver IRI is characterized by injury and dysfunction of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), which, along with hepatocytes, are the major cells involved in liver injury. In this review, we elaborate on the roles played by LSECs in liver IRI, including the pathological features of LSECs, LSECs exacerbation of the sterile inflammatory response, LSECs interactions with platelets and the promotion of liver regeneration, and the activation of LSECs autophagy. In addition, we discuss the study of LSECs as therapeutic targets for the treatment of liver IRI and the existing problems when applying LSECs in liver IRI research.
Malocclusion or laterorhinia: Which one impacts aesthetic facial perception the most?
Authors: Ghiu Iris Trindade de Paiva , Bittencourt Rafael Cunha , Seixas Joana Figueiredo , Machado Ricardo Martins , Motta Alexandre Trindade , Mattos Claudia Trindade 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate the perception of facial attractiveness when nose and teeth, together or isolated, present different degrees of disharmony. The secondary objective was to compare the perception of laypersons with that of dentists.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional observational study included 112 individuals (58 laypersons and 54 dentists) that evaluated 6 manipulated images of the face of the same model, scoring their attractiveness using 10 cm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS), with least and most attractive at the left and right anchors, respectively. The images contained manipulations performed only on the nose (laterorhinia) and mouth (misaligned teeth), as follows: (1) standard photograph, with symmetrical nose + aligned teeth; (2) 2 mm nasal deviation + aligned teeth; (3) 4 mm nasal deviation + aligned teeth; (4) symmetrical nose + misaligned teeth; (5) 2 mm nasal deviation + misaligned teeth and (6) 4 mm nasal deviation + misaligned teeth. We used the repeated measures ANOVA test and Tukey's post‐test for intra‐group comparison of the images. The independent t‐test was used for inter‐group comparison of each image.ResultsIn the laypersons' group, the highest grades were given to images with aligned teeth and the lowest to misaligned teeth (smallest mean difference = 2.88 cm). For this group, there was no statistically significant difference (P‐values ranged from .988 to 1.000) between scores of the three images in which teeth were aligned (range of 7.70–7.78 cm). In the group of dentists, highest grades were given to images with aligned teeth and the lowest to misaligned teeth. Difference between images 3 and 4 was not statistically significant (P = .204). All other differences between any image of straight teeth and any image with misaligned teeth were significant and the smallest mean difference between the two groups of images was 1.87 (P = .039). However, in the images with aligned teeth, there was also a statistically significant difference with higher scores to the images with symmetrical nose in contrast with those with significant laterorhinia (mean difference = 1.03 cm).ConclusionTeeth disharmonies had a more negative impact on the aesthetic perception of the face than did nose deviations, for both dentists and laypersons.
Identification of sources of resistance to Striga gesnerioides Willd. Vatke among cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) germplasm from Togo
Authors: Kondi Yorikoume , Mawuli Aziadekey , Timko Michael P. , Modom Banla E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStriga gesnerioides is one of the major biotic constraints to cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) production throughout West Africa. The best way to control and limit the spread of this weed remains genetic control, but recent works have shown that all cowpea varieties commonly grown in Togo are susceptible to S. gesnerioides. This study aims to investigate the resistance response of cowpea germplasm from Togo to S. gesnerioides. A field test was performed under natural infestation followed by a pots test under artificial infestation. Genotyping was carried out with three molecular markers SSR1, 61RM2 and C42‐2B, known for their linkage to S. gesnerioides resistance genes. The results have revealed three cowpea accessions, TG20_66, TG20_82 and TG20_108, phenotypically resistant to S. gesnerioides. All three resistant accessions have shown the RSG3‐301 resistance gene presence. Potential resistance gene sources to S. gesnerioides exist among cowpea accessions from Togo.
The role of photorespiration in preventing feedback regulation via ATP synthase in Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Smith Kaila , Strand Deserah D. , Kramer David M. , Walker Berkley J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhotorespiration consumes substantial amounts of energy in the forms of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reductant making the pathway an important component in leaf energetics. Because of this high reductant demand, photorespiration is proposed to act as a photoprotective electron sink. However, photorespiration consumes more ATP relative to reductant than the C3 cycle meaning increased flux disproportionally increases ATP demand relative to reductant. Here we explore how energetic consumption from photorespiration impacts the flexibility of the light reactions in nicotiana tabacum. Specifically, we demonstrate that decreased photosynthetic efficiency (ϕII) at low photorespiratory flux was related to feedback regulation at the chloroplast ATP synthase. Additionally, decreased ϕII at high photorespiratory flux resulted in the accumulation of photoinhibition at photosystem II centers. These results are contrary to the proposed role of photorespiration as a photoprotective electron sink. Instead, our results suggest a novel role of ATP consumption from photorespiration in maintaining ATP synthase activity, with implications for maintaining energy balance and preventing photodamage that will be critical for plant engineering strategies.
Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with a sequential scheme of pentamidine and tamoxifen in an area with a predominance of Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis: A randomised, non‐inferiority clinical trial
Authors: Pennini Silmara Navarro , de Oliveira Guerra Jorge Augusto , Rebello Paula Frassinetti Bessa , Abtibol‐Bernardino Marília Rosa , de Castro Luigui Lima , da Silva Balieiro Antonio Alcirley , de Oliveira Ferreira Cynthia , Noronha Ariani Batista , dos Santos da Silva Camila Gurgel , Leturiondo André Luiz , Vital de Jesus Denison , de Araújo Santos Felipe Jules , Chrusciak‐Talhari Anette , Guerra Maria Das Graças Vale Barbosa , Talhari Sinésio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether a combination of a single intramuscular (IM) dose of pentamidine (7 mg/kg) followed by oral tamoxifen 40 mg/day for 20 days is non‐inferior to three IM doses of pentamidine 7 mg/kg in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with a margin of 15%.MethodsPhase II, randomised, controlled, open‐label, non‐inferiority clinical trial. Primary outcome was the complete healing of the lesions 6 months after starting treatment. Secondary outcomes were healing 3 months after starting treatment and determining the presence and severity of adverse effects (AE).ResultsThe research was concluded with 49 patients; Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis was the most frequent species isolated. In the primary outcome, 18 (72%) (95% CI: 52.4%–85.7%) of the 25 patients allocated to the intervention group and 24 (100%) (95% CI: 86.2%–100%) of the control group (p = 0.015) met the established criteria of cure. There was no AE with tamoxifen.ConclusionAlthough a 72% cure rate presented by the combination of tamoxifen and pentamidine was lower than in the control group that achieved a 100% cure, it is still a safe and is a clinically relevant result. It indicates that the therapeutic scheme evaluated may be a promising option for populations in remote areas, however it should be further studied, in order to include a larger number of patients.
Nonlinear Temperature Control of Additive Friction Stir Deposition Evaluated on an Echo State Network
Authors: Merritt Glen R. , Cousin Christian A. , Yoon Hwan-Sik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Additive friction stir deposition is a recent innovation in additive manufacturing allowing the deposition of metallic alloys onto a metallic deposit bed, creating a purely mechanical metallic bond. The deposition can be done in a layer-by-layer manner, and the purely mechanical process eliminates the need for high energy consumption and can be deposited at a much higher rate than beam-based welding. The mechanical nature of the process allows the bonding of dissimilar alloys and a reduction in size of the heat-affected zone. The additive friction stir deposition process is difficult to model and existing literature has focused on numerical analysis, which is not amenable to online closed-loop control. In this work, a form of reservoir computing called an echo state network is used to model the additive friction stir deposition process from online process data, and validation is performed on a reserved dataset. Subsequently, a model-free controller using Lyapunov-derived combination of the robust integral of the sign error, and a single hidden layer neural network design is developed to control the additive friction stir deposition process. Control efficacy is given by way of a Lyapunov analysis which shows the system is globally exponentially stable, and simulation results with the echo state networks. Stability proof shows that under one assumption, the controller can be extrapolated to the real system. The mean squared error of the tracking result using the controller and echo state network simulation is 2.05 °C.
Closed-Loop Control and Plant Co-Design of a Hybrid Electric Unmanned Air Vehicle
Authors: Aksland Christopher T. , Clark Daniel L. , Lupp Christopher A. , Alleyne Andrew G. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Novel conceptual aircraft designs have been enabled by more electrified aircraft components providing enhanced capability and versatility. Through the advancement of multidisciplinary design optimization, control co-design methods have become a popular approach for system design conceptualization wherein the plant and control actions are designed simultaneously to account for the coupling between vehicle subsystems and power management systems. Many prior efforts have focused on open-loop control co-design that can later be adapted for a more realistic operating case. This work focuses on the development and scalability of closed-loop control co-design that would result in a physically realizable plant and closed-loop control law. The theoretical approach is demonstrated practically through the design of a hybrid electric unmanned air vehicle and two feedback controllers that operate the hybrid power split and propulsion system. The system is designed to complete a dynamic seven phase mission consisting of multiple cruise, dash, engage, dive, and climb segments as quickly as possible. Given the scale of the dynamic design problem, a convergence study is introduced that facilitates accurate and computationally tractable design optimization studies. The study is conducted for independent, sequential, and simultaneous design approaches. The results indicate high-speed motors, high voltage batteries, and responsive control gains result in a fast vehicle with high thrust-to-weight ratio. The simultaneous design solution had the best closed-loop performance, outclassing a baseline system design by over 30%.
Effect of Microstructure on the Machinability of Natural Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composites: A Novel Explainable Machine Learning (XML) Approach
Authors: Ma Qiyang , Zhong Yuhao , Wang Zimo , Bukkapatnam Satish 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Natural fiber-reinforced plastic (NFRP) composites are ecofriendly and biodegradable materials that offer tremendous ecological advantages while preserving unique structures and properties. Studies on using these natural fibers as alternatives to conventional synthetic fibers in fiber-reinforced materials have opened up possibilities for industrial applications, especially for sustainable manufacturing. However, critical issues reside in the machinability of such materials because of their multiscale structure and the randomness of the reinforcing elements distributed within the matrix basis. This paper reports a comprehensive investigation of the effect of microstructure heterogeneity on the resultant behaviors of cutting forces for NFRP machining. A convolutional neural network (CNN) links the microstructural reinforcing fibers and their impacts on changing the cutting forces (with an estimated R-squared value over 90%). Next, a model-agnostic explainable machine learning approach is implemented to decipher this CNN black-box model by discovering the underlying mechanisms of relating the reinforcing elements/fibers’ microstructures. The presented xml approach extracts physical descriptors from the in-process monitoring microscopic images and finds the causality of the fibrous structures’ heterogeneity to the resultant machining forces. The results suggest that, for the heterogeneous fibers, the tightly and evenly bounded fiber elements (i.e., with lower aspect ratio, lower eccentricity, and higher compactness) strengthen the material and thereafter play a significant role in increasing the cutting forces during NFRP machining. Therefore, the presented framework of the explainable machine learning approach opens an opportunity to discover the causality of material microstructures on the resultant process dynamics and accurately predict the cutting behaviors during material removal processes.