bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Density in Nulliparous Women Planning Pregnancy: Results from the ISIS Study
Authors: Fan Wenyi , Goldman Marlene B. , Fung June L. , Hsiao Pao Ying , Mitchell Diane C. , Hartman Terryl J. 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundDietary energy density (ED) is a novel measure of diet quality that estimates the amount of energy per unit of food (kcal/g) consumed. Consuming an energy dense diet has been positively associated with obesity and risk of chronic disease.ObjectiveWe evaluated the association between ED and conception and pregnancy outcomes among participants of the ISIS study, a prospective cohort study of healthy, nulliparous women (n = 132) planning their first pregnancy (mean age± SD = 29.79 ± 3.21 and BMI = 24.30 ± 5.37 kg/m2).MethodsDietary data were collected prior to conception using a series of three unannounced, telephone 24‐hour dietary recalls, and ED was calculated from food (without beverages). Outcomes of interest included confirmed clinical pregnancy (CCP; hCG ≥ 20mIU/mL) and time to pregnancy (TTP; months).ResultsMean ED was 1.50 ± 0.36 kcal/g. The majority of participants (n=80; 61%) achieved CCP and the median TTP for those who conceived was 4.64 months with an interquartile range of 4.37 months. Preliminary data analyses, using Cox proportional hazards regression models, revealed that after controlling for race, physical activity and male partner's ED, higher dietary ED (continuous) among females was associated with longer TTP which approached statistical significance (HR= 0.48; 95% CI: 0.21–1.14, p=0.09). When ED was categorized into tertiles to consider non‐linear associations, 60%, 73%, and 50% of the participants in the tertiles (from lowest ED to highest) achieved CCP. In multivariable analyses with the middle group as the referent (ED=1.37–1.60), membership in the highest ED group (ED>1.60) was associated with longer TTP (HR= 0.41; 95% CI: 0.21–0.82, p=0.01). The estimated TTP for women in the lowest ED group (ED=0.85–1.36) was longer; but not statistically significant (HR=0.77; 95% CI: 0.42–1.42, p=0.40).ConclusionsResults of this study suggest that ED may be associated with TTP.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers R01HD049762 and 3R01HD049762S1. Partial support provided by the CTSI (GCRC) at Penn State University NIH M01 107 32.
Developmental Evaluation of a Novel Food Security Strategy to Support Pregnant and Postpartum Newcomer Women in Edmonton
Authors: Quintanilha Maira , Mayan Maria , Ngo Sandra , Chiu Yvonne , Bell Rhonda 
Published: November 2023

In Canada, low socioeconomic status is more common among migrant families. Likewise, the prevalence of household food insecurity – defined as “inadequate or insecure access to food because of financial constraints” – is greater (19.6%) among families that recently immigrated to Canada (< 5 years) than the national Canadian average of 12.6%. A large proportion of migrants are women of childbearing age who might experience pregnancy and childbirth in Canada while being at an increased risk for food insecurity. This represents a significant life stressor that can negatively affect maternal and child health. In Edmonton, at‐risk migrant women may receive additional prenatal and postpartum support from a community‐based organization, the Multicultural Health Brokers (MCHB) Cooperative. MCHB is a collective of health brokers from diverse backgrounds who serve women and families in difficult life circumstances. In recent years, health brokers' holistic services have been overshadowed by food crisis situations where families lack immediate access to food. It is for this reason that a Community Resource Coordinator (CRC), who works within the MCHB Cooperative and liaises with the research team at the University of Alberta, is leading the development of a novel food security strategy. The strategy entails collecting donated foods (that would otherwise go to waste), and distributing them to an emergency food program for migrant pregnant and postpartum women and their families. The objectives of our project are to examine to what extent the food security strategy meets emergency food needs of women and families, and supports community capacity‐building. Guided by a Theory of Change that includes short‐ and long‐term goals, a Developmental Evaluation (DE) approach, with a mixed‐methods research design, has been used support the development of the strategy, and guide adaptation to MCHB context. Four months into the food security strategy, ~30 families are being served weekly, and ~2 tons of food has been distributed. DE preliminary results indicate that MCHB stewardship and adaptive leadership has been pivotal to the establishment of the strategy and early successes; whereas operational logistics and territorial issues among other organizations have been barriers to the strategy implementation. The strategy has the potential to address emergency food needs of migrant women and families, and with the DE approach, we expect to ignite social action and research towards an alternative food system that is participatory and led by migrant women at the MCHB in Edmonton.Support or Funding InformationThis project is funded by Alberta Innovates Health Solutions. MQ is funded by the Vanier Graduate Scholarship.
Analysis of Food Shopping Practices of South Asian men and women in the U.S.
Authors: Qamar Zubaida , McIntosh William Alex 
Published: November 2023

South Asians are one of the fastest growing groups in the U.S. and are at an increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Dietary habits are strongly related to these conditions and improvements in dietary habits may aid in preventing or delaying the onset of these diseases. Nutrition interventions that target specific fruit and vegetable related dietary and shopping behaviors can help improve the dietary habits. It is important to understand the food shopping practices of South Asians in the U.S. in order to create targeted interventions to increase fruit and vegetable consumption of South Asians. The objective of this study was to determine the fruit and vegetable shopping practices of South Asians in the U.S. and determine any gender differences for these practices. This was a part of a larger research project and the data for this particular study was collected using questions from the validated fruit and vegetable shopping practices scale developed by Baranowski and colleagues (2006). These questions comprised of a 5‐point frequency scale range from never to all of the time. A total of 103 South Asians (men=49 and women=54) completed the fruit and vegetable shopping practices survey which identified the frequency for 7 practices. Descriptive statistics were conducted on the demographics and shopping practices. Independent t‐tests were performed to determine the behavioral differences between males and females. Results showed that the most undertaken shopping practice by the participants was to look in refrigerator/pantry before going for shopping to see what is needed (mean=3.78). The shopping practice that was the least undertaken (mean=2.15) was use coupons for food purchasing. In regards to gender, there were significant differences (p<0.05) that existed for two of the food shopping practices. In particular, women were significantly more likely than men to read labels for nutrients and use a grocery list when shopping for food. There were no other significant differences between men and women in regards to food shopping practices though behaviors such as looking in fridge/pantry before going shopping (p=0.057) and checking for vegetables/fruits or 100% juice on sale for food shopping (p=0.06) approached significance where women were more inclined to engage in these behaviors than men. In conclusion, these results can provide insight into developing specific retail nutrition program towards the improvement of dietary behaviors of South Asians. Such programs can be employed by South Asian grocery stores and other grocery outlets which are frequented by a predominant South Asian clientele in efforts to improve the food environment for South Asians.Support or Funding InformationNone
An Evaluation of US RDNs Knowledge of Islamic Dietary Guidelines
Authors: Isberg Kathleen A. , Kloubec June , Thall Michelle , Savery Patrice , Kazaks Alexandra 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesThe goal of this study is to identify United States registered dietitian nutritionists (RDN) knowledge and attitudes with regard to Islamic dietary practices. A person who follows the religion of Islam is referred to as Muslim. The global population of Muslims is just over 2 billion people, or about 25% of the world population. Muslims are the fastest growing religious group in the United States (US) therefore it is relevant and important for RDNs to understand and address possible food and nutrition barriers Muslims may encounter in the US healthcare system in order to provide quality care for this population.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was created de novo after a preliminary literature review. The study population is RDNs who are currently registered and practicing in the US. All the included RDNs belong to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) and may also belong to a dietetic practice group or member interest group. The voluntary questionnaire is an ongoing survey that is currently being disseminated to a list 5,000 RDNs provided by the AND. Data will be collected through REDCap™. For the cross‐sectional descriptive part of the study, percentages, frequencies, ranges, means and standard deviations are applied.ResultsCurrently, 169 responses have been collected. 95% of the RDNs surveyed are non‐Hispanic; 30% in the 30–35 age range; 96% female; and 27% have been a RDN for 6–10 years. Results show that 66% of RDNs have had a Muslim patient/client previously; 57% report being “Not at all” or “A little” confident in providing culturally sensitive nutrition education to Muslims 55% reported they were “Not at all” or “A little” knowledgeable of the term Halal and 71% were “Not at all” knowledgeable of the term Haram. 42% reported having “A little” understanding of the religion of Islam and 47% of the RDNs reported having “Not at all” or “A little” understanding of Ramadan; 60% of the RDNs reported being “Not at all” or “A little” understanding of Islamic dietary laws. 99% of the RDNs correctly answered “What is Ramadan” and 65% of the RDNs correctly answered the question, “Which of the following foods is commonly eaten to break the Ramadan fast?” 62% of the RDNs correctly answered the question, “What is Suhoor?” 63% of the RDNs correctly answered the question, “What is Iftar?” and 78% of the RDNs correctly answered “What does Allah mean?”Conclusions/ImplicationsOverall, the current participants report having relatively low skill and knowledge in regard to Islamic dietary laws and basic terminology. Contrarily, the majority of the RDNs appear knowledgeable in regard to basic Islamic dietary law terminology. This study will address the gap in literature regarding RDN experience in consulting with Muslim patients and may describe RDN awareness of culturally appropriate nutrition care for Muslim individuals.
Association of Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) and Homeostatic Model Assessment Indexes of Insulin Resistance (HOMA1‐IR and HOMA2‐IR) Among Three Ethnic Groups.
Authors: Ajabshir Sahar , Exebio Joel C. , Zarini Gustavo G. , Huffman Fatma G. 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association between insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] among African‐Americans (AA), Haitian‐Americans (HA) and Cuban‐Americans (CA) living in South Florida.BackgroundInsulin sensitivity and its opposite, insulin resistance, reflect the efficacy of body in using insulin in response to elevated blood glucose. Insulin resistance/sensitivity is recognized as the major risk factor in development of type 2 diabetes. Vitamin D directly affects insulin sensitivity, Beta cell function, insulin secretion and hence mediates glucose homeostasis. Several studies reported an association between lower serum vitamin D levels and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. There are currently no studies investigating the relationship between serum vitamin D and insulin sensitivity/resistance among ethnic minorities.MethodsThis randomized cross‐sectional study included 316 participants; AA (n= 115), HA (n= 116) and CA (n= 85). Insulin sensitivity was calculated by QUICKI formula [1 / (log(fasting insulin) + log (fasting glucose)], insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA1‐IR [fasting insulin (μU/ml) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)] /22.5] and HOMA2‐IR (values were determined by an online calculator). Serum 25(OH)D and C‐reactive protein levels were measured by ELISA method. Multiple linear regression models were run, adjusting for age, gender, and C‐reactive protein. QUICKI, HOMA1‐IR and HOMA2‐IR were the dependent variables.Data analysis and resultsThe mean age for AA, HA and CA was 50.7±8.6, 53.9±10.9 and 60.36±10.6 years respectively. The mean serum 25(OH)D for AA, HA and CA was 24.4±9.8, 21.9±6.8 and 43.2±18.8 ng/ml, respectively. In AA, Serum 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with HOMA1‐IR (r=−.179, P=.056) and HOMA2‐IR (r=−.201, P=.032). This correlation was positive and not statistically significant for 25(OH)D and QUICKI (r=.167, P=.075). Multi‐linear regression analyses controlling for the covariates indicated a significant negative association between serum 25(OH)D and HOMA1‐IR (B=−.191, P=0.042), HOMA2‐IR (B=−.213, P=0.021) but only marginally significant with QUICKI (B=.179, P=0.06) in AA.ConclusionInsulin resistance and insulin sensitivity are associated with serum vitamin D levels among AA; this association is negative for insulin resistance and positive for insulin sensitivity. HOMA2‐IR has the strongest correlation with 25(OH)D level, compared to HOMA1‐IR and QUICKI, among all 3 ethnic groups. The results of this study suggest that HOMA2‐IR may be a good predictor of vitamin D status among AA.Support or Funding InformationFunding source: Funding for this research was provided through a grant from NIH/NIDDK (SC1DK083060).
Psychosocial Stressors Are Associated with Worsened Severity of Metabolic Syndrome Independent of Lifestyle Factors among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Cardel Michelle I. , DeBoer Mark D. , Sims Mario , Musani Solomon , Dulin‐Keita Akilah , Gurka Matthew J. 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveUsing Jackson Heart Study (JHS) data, we examined whether perceived psychosocial stressors were associated with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) severity in African American adults.MethodsOur sample included 3,870 African American JHS participants aged 21 to 84 years. The following psychosocial stressors were assessed: Major Life Events (MLEs); Global Perceived Stress; and Weekly Stress Inventory. Each stress measure was stratified into tertiles (low, medium, and high stress). We investigated associations of psychosocial stressors with a sex‐ and race/ethnic‐specific MetS severity Z‐score, after adjustment for demographics and risk factors (i.e., nutrition, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption).ResultsThe mean age of participants was 53.8 (± 13.0) and 63.1% were female. Women reported significantly higher MLEs and global stress (p<0.0001) and participants 21–44 years old reported significantly more global stress and weekly stress relative to adults ages 45 years and older (p<0.0001). Relative to those with low perceived stress, individuals with high global stress and MLE stress had significantly greater MetS severity (p=0.0207 and p=0.0105, respectively). Weekly stress was not predictive of MetS severity.ConclusionsHigher global and MLE stress are associated with increased risk of MetS severity, while weekly stress is not. These data may have implications for targeting stress‐related factors in interventions to improve cardiometabolic health in African American adults.Support or Funding InformationJackson Heart Study is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) of the National Institutes of Health under award number HHSN268201300046C.
Adequacy and sources of total daily water and liquid drinks by non‐pregnant/non‐lactating (NPNL) women across the socio‐geographic spectrum of Guatemala
Authors: Campos Raquel , Diaz‐Jereda Liza Alejandra , Vossenaar Marieke , Solomons Noel W. 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPhysiological indications from urinary osmolality in Guatemala show a mixed picture of hydration adequacy, with professional women and daycare‐attending preschool children having superior hydration status, whereas lactating women showing lower hydration status including instances of hypohydration. Estimation of daily acquisition of total water in women in reproductive states and urban schoolchildren in Guatemala consistently showed deficits. Data on NPNL women are largely unavailable.ObjectivesTo determine, compare and contrast the consumption of total daily water and liquid drinks among NPNL women from various socio‐geographic groups in Guatemala.MethodsA single previous‐day intake recall was obtained in 240 NPNL women, in groups of 40 each, from 6 different socio‐geographic settings: western highlands, rural peasantry (WHRP); urban low‐income (WHUL); urban middle‐class (WHUM); pacific coastal urban middle‐class (PCUM); and urban central highlands: low‐income (CHUL) and middle‐class (CHUM). Data were summed to provide total daily water acquisition (TDWA) estimates, expressed in mL, and then reduced to the 4 components: liquid drinks (LD); added to dishes (AW); intrinsic water of foods (IW) and metabolic water (MW), and finally compared and contrast by subgroups. The Adequate Intakes (AI) for NPNL women are TDWA (2700 mL) and LD (2200 mL).ResultsThe respective median TDWA [and %AI] were, in descending order: 2408 mL [89.1%] (WHRP); 2274 mL [84.2%] (PCUM); 2008 mL [74.3%] (WHUM);1902 mL [70.4%] (WHUL); 1890 mL [70.0%] (CHUM) and 1530 mL [56.7%] (CHUL) (p=0.001). The respective median LD in descending order were: 1274 mL [57.9%](WHRP); 946 mL [43.0%] (WHUL); 830 mL [37.7%] (WHUM); 650 mL [29.5%] (CHUM); 563 mL [25.6%] (PCUM) and 467 mL [21.2%] (CHUL)(p=0.001). The first and the last position in the rank‐order are conserved with both TDWA and LD, but overall rank correspondence was only modest in magnitude with a Spearman correlation coefficient (rho) of 0.588 (p<0.001). Moreover, relative adequacy for TDWA, although low, far exceeds that for LD. Median AW varied from 373 mL to 17 mL of daily contribution, with the 3 low‐income groups in the first 3 places. In fact, the IW exceeded LD in its contribution to TWDA in 4 subgroups. MW contributed from 15.1% to 8.8%.ConclusionEstimated median TWDA and LD intakes of NPNL women varied across the socio‐geographic sites of Guatemala, with over a liter of difference from high to low in TWDA and with almost a 3‐fold differential in LD. At the extreme low ends of the distribution, deficits of over a liter with respect to the respective AIs are seen. Not achieving proper and healthful hydration may be an unrecognized public health problem in Guatemala even among NPNL women.
Weight‐Related Behaviors and Cognitions: Differences between Latino and White Families with Young Children
Authors: Delaney Colleen , Quick Virginia , Byrd‐Bredbenner Carol 
Published: November 2023

Latinos face disproportionate health disparities regarding weight‐related health outcomes compared to non‐Hispanic Whites which could be in part to differences in weight‐related behaviors and cognitions. Latino (n=137) and white (n=391) parents completing an online survey did not differ by age (30.53±6.36 SD vs. 33.35±5.54 SD years), sex (93% female), or weight status (BMI 29.30±6.98 SD vs. 27.71±6.61 SD). All measures were 5‐point scales unless otherwise indicated. Independent t‐tests (p<.05) revealed that Latinos had significantly less access to supermarkets (3.80±1.16 SD vs. 4.06±1.4 SD) and ate fast food more days/week (1.22±1.25 SD vs. 0.76±1.18 SD) compared to whites. Latinos were less confident in their ability to prepare meals (3.66±0.95 SD vs. 3.96±0.90 SD), serve breakfast daily (3.92±1.02 SD vs. 4.12±1.08 SD), and buy healthy foods (3.29±1.05 SD vs. 3.56±1.01 SD). Latinos were less likely to report modeling healthy eating (3.47±0.77 SD vs. 3.66±0.76) and let children self‐regulate intake at meals (3.32±0.92 SD vs. 3.51±0.97 SD). However, parents exhibited similar restraint (2.33±0.676 SD vs. 2.45±0.70 SD), disinhibited (2.09±0.77 SD vs. 2.12±0.79 SD), emotional (2.19±0.94 SD vs. 2.27±0.93 SD), and adventurous (3.04±0.79 SD vs. 3.15±0.69 SD) eating scores. Latino parents engaged less in PA (13.10±8.65 SD vs. 15.07±9.84 SD, 42‐point scale) and were less likely to model PA (2.92±1.34 SD vs. 3.33±1.20 SD). Latino families had more minutes of screentime/day (parents: 417.26±342.91 SD vs. 352.94±288.95 SD; kids: 746.61±1150.66 SD vs. 532.83±860.12 SD) and let kids spend more minutes/day playing sedentary (244.05±432.89 SD vs. 162.28±328.70 SD) and active video games (182.08±415.31 SD vs. 100.01±293.04 SD). Latino parents also were less likely to limit children's exposure to TV ads (2.97±1.15 vs. 3.42±1.24 SD). This comparison highlights weight‐related nutrition education concepts that could inform obesity prevention programs tailored to Latino families.Support or Funding InformationUSDA NIFA #2011‐68001‐30170
Association of individual and neighborhood factors with home food availability: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Authors: Chai Weiwen , Fan Jessie X , Wen Ming 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo examine the association of the availability of home healthy and unhealthy foods and drinks (fruits, dark green vegetables, soft drink, salty snack and fat‐free/low‐fat milk) with individual and neighborhood factors using a nationally representative sample from 2001–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsData from the 2001–2006 waves of the continuous NHANES was merged with the 2000 census and other neighborhood data sources constructed using geographic information system (GIS). Associations of individual and neighborhood factors and home food availabilities were assessed using multilevel random‐intercept logistic regression models taking study design, weights, and covariates into account.ResultsThe analysis included 4353 adult participants aged 19–65 years who had home food availability data. Both family income‐to‐needs ratio and neighborhood tract socioeconomic status (SES) scores were positively associated with home fruit, dark green vegetable and fat‐free/low‐fat milk availabilities (Ps<0.05). Participants having a college degree or above were more likely to have home fruits (P=0.0007) and fat‐free/low‐fat milk (P<0.0001) available and less likely to have home salty snack (P=0.017) and soft drinks (P<0.0001) available relative to those without a college degree. Soft drink availability was not associated with family income‐to‐needs ratio and neighborhood tract SES scores. BMI was positively associated with fat‐free/low‐fat milk availability in the home (P=0.005) but was not associated with the availabilities of other examined foods or drinks.ConclusionsThe availabilities of home healthy and unhealthy foods and drinks are mainly associated with SES at individual and neighborhood level.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant R01CA140319– 01A1