bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The activated complement pathway in the fibrous process of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Hata Junya , Matsuoka Kanako , Akaihata Hidenori , Meguro Satoru , Honda‐Takinami Ruriko , Onagi Akifumi , Koguchi Tomoyuki , Sato Yuichi , Kataoka Masao , Uemura Motohide , Kojima Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo elucidate the changes in activated complement pathway in the fibrous process of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), we analyzed the correlation between complement component expression and histological types of fibrosis using human BPH tissue.MethodsFifty‐six histological BPH patients who underwent prostate needle biopsy at our institution (mean age 68.6 ± 6.5 years), divided into two histological groups, fibromuscular and fibrous, were compared. Inflammatory cell infiltration in BPH tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining using CD45, with complement expression analysis performed using C3, factor B, and C5b‐9 antibody, and the occupancy ratio of the stained region was calculated. Further, correlation between the histological types of fibrous components in BPH tissue and lower urinary tract symptoms questionnaires was analyzed.ResultsTwenty‐seven (48.2%) and 29 (51.8%) cases were classified in the fibromuscular and fibrous groups, respectively. The proportion of CD45‐positive cells in BPH tissue was significantly higher in the fibromuscular group. In complement component analysis, factor B did not significantly differ between groups, while C3 (fibromuscular group; 10.7 ± 8.2%, fibrous group; 16.4 ± 12.7%) and C5b‐9 (fibromuscular group; 15.9 ± 6.2%, fibrous group; 17.6 ± 9.2%) were significantly higher in the fibrous group (p = 0.04, p = 0.04, respectively). International Prostate Symptom Score Q5 subscore, indicating slow stream, was significantly higher in the fibrous group (p = 0.04).ConclusionsIn fibrous BPH with abundant fibrosis, the late complement pathway in addition to alternative pathway was activated compared to fibromuscular BPH. These results suggested that the alternative and late complement pathways were involved in the histological fibrous process of BPH.
Assessment of three‐dimensional RNA structure prediction in CASP15
Authors: Das Rhiju , Kretsch Rachael C. , Simpkin Adam J. , Mulvaney Thomas , Pham Phillip , Rangan Ramya , Bu Fan , Keegan Ronan M. , Topf Maya , Rigden Daniel J. , Miao Zhichao , Westhof Eric 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe prediction of RNA three‐dimensional structures remains an unsolved problem. Here, we report assessments of RNA structure predictions in CASP15, the first CASP exercise that involved RNA structure modeling. Forty‐two predictor groups submitted models for at least one of twelve RNA‐containing targets. These models were evaluated by the RNA‐Puzzles organizers and, separately, by a CASP‐recruited team using metrics (GDT, lDDT) and approaches (Z‐score rankings) initially developed for assessment of proteins and generalized here for RNA assessment. The two assessments independently ranked the same predictor groups as first (AIchemy_RNA2), second (Chen), and third (RNAPolis and GeneSilico, tied); predictions from deep learning approaches were significantly worse than these top ranked groups, which did not use deep learning. Further analyses based on direct comparison of predicted models to cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) maps and x‐ray diffraction data support these rankings. With the exception of two RNA‐protein complexes, models submitted by CASP15 groups correctly predicted the global fold of the RNA targets. Comparisons of CASP15 submissions to designed RNA nanostructures as well as molecular replacement trials highlight the potential utility of current RNA modeling approaches for RNA nanotechnology and structural biology, respectively. Nevertheless, challenges remain in modeling fine details such as noncanonical pairs, in ranking among submitted models, and in prediction of multiple structures resolved by cryo‐EM or crystallography.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Imidazolium Short‐Chain Fluorocarbon Surfactant as a Potential Agent for Aqueous Film Forming Foam
Authors: Wang Hao , Bai Shengshan , Zhu Xinhua , Gao Fangyu , Wang Peng , Zhang Yicheng , Liu Zhen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo explore novel hydrophilic groups of short‐chain fluorocarbon surfactants for aqueous film‐forming foam (AFFF), an original surfactant (S‐im) with a unique imidazolium structure was developed. The intermediate and S‐im were identified by FT‐IR and NMR, validating the mild synthesis route. MS spectrum correspondingly verified the molecular weight of S‐im (329.07). TGA analysis further revealed that S‐im showed satisfied thermal stability before 200 °C. Due to the synergism effect, equimolar S‐im/C6H13NaO3S (6.29 mmol/L) maintained a low surface tension of 17.81 mN/m. Likewise, the high surface activity of the equimolar mixture contributed to its spreading on different hydrocarbon fuels. We adjusted the mixture concentration to 20 mmol/L based on applicable standards to obtain a moderate foam expansion (9.7) and an opportune drained time (323 s). The mixture exerted a promising performance. All flames caused by investigated fuels were extinguished in 75 seconds, with burnback time exceeding 14 minutes, indicating a significant field application potential.
Lipoic Acid Ligase A‐Mediated Ligation: Mechanism, Applications, and Emerging Innovations in Bioconjugation
Authors: Yamazaki Shunsuke , Matsuda Yutaka 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis review outlines the latest findings on bioconjugation using lipoic acid ligase A (LplA), a key enzyme that allows the introduction of new functional groups into biomolecules. LplA functions via a characteristic mechanism of covalently binding orthologous lipoic acid derivatives in vivo to a specific 13 amino acid sequence called the LplA acceptor peptide (LAP). This unique functionality has enabled a wide range of applications, including cell‐surface modification, protein immobilization, fluorescent labeling of antibodies. Recently, the modification of proteins without LAP sequences has been demonstrated, suggesting their potential for future biopharmaceutical production. Although several review articles on enzyme ligation have been published, research on LplA remains limited. This review attempts to fill this gap by introducing LplA based on its mechanism, applications, and recent research reports.
Facile Synthesis of Hollow Starch Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Piroxicam, a Poorly Water‐Soluble Drug
Authors: Belmahdi Lila , Oukacha‐Hikem Djamila , Makhloufi‐Chebli Malika 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper focuses on the development of hollow starch nanoparticles (HSNPs) as promising carriers for poorly soluble drugs. A new and efficient method is presented, based on an in situ gas‐foaming/salt‐leaching process within individual starch nanoparticles prepared by a solvent displacement technique. Characterization using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis confirmed the successful preparation of HSNPs. Solid dispersion systems with piroxicam (PRX) as a model drug were formulated to evaluate HSNPs’ potential as poorly water‐soluble drug carriers. Solid‐state properties, dissolution behavior and stability of PRX‐HSNPs solid dispersions were investigated. In vitro dissolution studies revealed that using hydrophilic HSNPs as carriers significantly improved the release of PRX. Solid‐state characterization showed that the main reason for the improved dissolution was the adsorption of PRX on the outer and inner surfaces of the HSNPs in an amorphous state. Stability studies demonstrated that the amorphous nature of loaded PRX remained unaffected even after 12 weeks of storage at 75 % relative humidity. Accordingly, the proposed HSNPs offer a promising alternative for the delivery of poorly water‐soluble drugs. In addition, the synthesis strategy demonstrated for HSNPs is easy, efficient and could be extended to the preparation of other hollow polymeric nanoparticles.
Employment and emotional well‐being in veterans with mental illness
Authors: Umucu Emre , Lee Beatrice 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine group differences between employed and unemployed Veterans with mental illnesses utilizing the National Institutes of Health (NIH) emotion toolbox factors including negative affect, psychological well‐being, stress, and social relationships. Data was collected from three samples from 2018 to 2020. The first sample (Sample 1) is 156 Veterans with mental illness from Amazon MTurk; the second sample (Sample 2), recruited from a higher education institution, is 232 veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms; and the final sample (Sample 3), recruited from a higher education institution, is 129 Veterans with disabilities, including psychiatric disabilities. Independent‐samples t‐tests were carried out to test our objectives. Sample 1 results revealed that employed Veterans with mental illnesses had lower levels of depression and stress and higher levels of positive emotion, life satisfaction, meaning in life, and social relationships compared to unemployed Veterans. Sample 2 results revealed that employed Veterans with PTDS symptoms had lower levels of stress and higher levels of positive emotion and lower levels of stress compared to unemployed Veterans with PTSD symptoms. Sample 3 results revealed that employed Veterans with disabilities including psychiatric disabilities had lower levels of depression and higher levels of positive emotion and social relationships. Our findings are consistent with the previous research documenting that employment plays a central role in optimal psychological and physical health in both civilians and veterans.
Room‐Temperature Liquid Metals for Flexible Electronic Devices
Authors: Lu Guixuan , Ni Erli , Jiang Yanyan , Wu Weikang , Li Hui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRoom‐temperature gallium‐based liquid metals (RT‐GaLMs) have garnered significant interest recently owing to their extraordinary combination of fluidity, conductivity, stretchability, self‐healing performance, and biocompatibility. They are ideal materials for the manufacture of flexible electronics. By changing the composition and oxidation of RT‐GaLMs, physicochemical characteristics of the liquid metal can be adjusted, especially the regulation of rheological, wetting, and adhesion properties. This review highlights the advancements in the liquid metals used in flexible electronics. Meanwhile related characteristics of RT‐GaLMs and underlying principles governing their processing and applications for flexible electronics are elucidated. Finally, the diverse applications of RT‐GaLMs in self‐healing circuits, flexible sensors, energy harvesting devices, and epidermal electronics, are explored. Additionally, the challenges hindering the progress of RT‐GaLMs are discussed, while proposing future research directions and potential applications in this emerging field. By presenting a concise and critical analysis, this paper contributes to the advancement of RT‐GaLMs as an advanced material applicable for the new generation of flexible electronics.
Photostimulated Covalent Linkage Transformation Isomerizing Covalent Organic Frameworks for Improved Photocatalytic Performances
Authors: Lin Zheng , Liu Shujing , Weng Weijun , Wang Changchun , Guo Jia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer a desirable platform to explore multichoromophoric arrays for photocatalytic conversion. Symmetric arrangement of choromophoric modules over π‐extended frameworks enhances exciton delocalization while impairing excitation density and accordingly photochemical reactivity. Herein, a photoisomerization‐driven strategy is proposed to break the excited‐state symmetry of ketoenamine‐linked COFs with multichoromophoric arrays. Incorporating electron‐withdrawing benzothiadiazole facilitates the ultrafast excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) from enamine to keto within 140 fs, resulting in partially enolized COF isomers. The hybrid linkages containing imine and enamine bonds at the node of framework alter the symmetry of electronic structure and enforce the photoinduced charge separation. Increasing the imine‐to‐enamine ratio further promotes the electron transferred number in a long range, thereby affording the optimum photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate. This work put forward an ESIPT‐induced photoisomerization to build a symmetry‐breaking COF with weakened exciton effect and enhanced photochemical reactivity.
Advances in Immunomodulatory MOFs for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zhang Binjing , Chen Junyu , Zhu Zhou , Zhang Xin , Wang Jian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGiven the crucial role of immune system in the occurrence and progression of various diseases such as cancer, wound healing, bone defect, and inflammation‐related diseases, immunomodulation is recognized as a potential solution for treatment of these diseases. Immunomodulation includes both immunosuppression in hyperactive immune conditions and immune activation in hypoactive conditions. For these purposes, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are investigated to modulate immune responses either by their own bioactivities or by delivering immunomodulatory agents due to their excellent biodegradability and high delivery capacity. This review starts with an overview of the synthesis strategies of immunomodulatory MOFs, followed by a summarization on the latest applications of immunomodulatory MOFs in cancer immunomodulatory, wound healing, inflammatory disease, and bone tissue engineering. A variety of design considerations, in order to optimize immunomodulatory properties and efficacy of MOFs, is also involved. Last, the challenges and perspectives of future research, which are expected to provide researchers with new insight into the design and application of immunomodulatory MOFs, are discussed.
Study on moss biomonitoring of atmospheric deposition of minor and trace elements in the region of Polog, North Macedonia
Authors: Stafilov Trajče , Šajn Robert , Ćulumoska‐Gjorgjievska Angja 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA study was conducted to investigate air deposition and to explore the natural or anthropogenic sources of contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the region of Polog, North Macedonia, using moss samples as biomonitors of air pollution. The distribution of 22 elements was detected in 43 moss samples collected in the region. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to the available data. Factor analysis identified five association factors, of which four factors, F1 (Cr, Li, V, Co, Fe, Al, Ni, and As), F2 (K, P, and Mg), F4 (Ag and Cu), and F5 (Ba, Sr, and Mn) were related to lithogenic sources and one factor F3 (Hg, Pb, Cd, and Zn) was related to mixed lithogenic and anthropogenic sources. The content of the elements of F1 is higher in the areas on Mount Šar (area without industrial and urban activities), where Precambrian and Paleozoic shales and Paleozoic sandstones predominate, indicating that their origin is mainly a natural phenomenon. The high contents of the elements from F2, F4, and F5 are also related to the lithology of the studied region. Thus, the high contents of elements from F2 are distributed in the western part of the area, where Precambrian and Paleozoic shists and Paleozoic sandstones dominate, and their contents correlate well with the contents of lithogenic elements in the soil samples from the same region. Elements of Factor 4 have higher contents in the southern part of the region, in areas with Paleozoic‐Mesozoic carbonates and Precambrian‐Paleozoic shales, while elements of Factor 5 occur in the regions with shales, Quaternary sedimentary rocks, and Precambrian‐Paleozoic shales, also indicating the lithogenic character of this factor. In addition to the lithogenic origin of the distribution of elements contained in F3 (Hg, Pb, Cd, and Zn), anthropogenic activities also have an influence on the increased content in the northeastern part of the region. This is due to dust emissions from the Silmak ferrosilicon smelter, as well as emissions from industry (steel smelters) and urban activities of the nearby capital Skopje.
An experimental investigation of textile dyeing wastewater using modified electro Fenton process with optimization by response surface methodology
Authors: Latha A. , Ganesan R. , Sai Bharadwaj A. V. S. L. , Barmavatu Praveen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElectro‐Fenton oxidation may improve wastewater biocompatibility. In this investigation, steel flakes were used as a novel catalyst in the Enhanced Electro Fenton procedure, in place of the traditional Electro Fenton Process. A degradation study of textile dyeing effluent has been conducted using the Modified Electro Fenton process. In 60 min of reaction time in the Electro‐Fenton process, 98.57%, 95.38%, and 94.93% of color removal was achieved for reactive blue, reactive yellow, and reactive black dyes respectively. From the Laboratory‐scale feasibility studies on the Electro‐Fenton process, the utmost color and COD elimination efficiency of 93% and 70% correspondingly observed at a catalyst dosage of 1 g/L, H2O2 dosage of 132 mM at pH 3. In this study, the average coefficient of correlation was 0.9978, indicating that the framework could describe 99.78% of the variability in response. The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the quadratic regression analysis shows that the model is incredibly substantial, as displayed by the Fisher F‐test (F model = 347.52) with the lowest probability value (p model > F = 0.0001). The predicted results from Response Surface Methodology (RSM) closely agreed with the experimental results obtained during the optimization studies and hence confirmed the results obtained.
Nutrition quality response of orange‐fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea Batatas L. Lam) varieties to deficit irrigation in Tanzania
Authors: Arnold Makama , Winfred Mbungu , Nganga Kihupi , Henry Mahoo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMalnutrition in all its forms is a global problem, with the worst effects felt in developing countries. The importance of producing food to improve nutrition security is self‐evidently a promising approach to combating malnutrition. The present study assessed the nutritional quality response of orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) varieties to deficit irrigation (DI). The study's specific objectives were to (i) evaluate yield and root quality and (ii) assess the nutritional root yield and nutritional water productivity of selected OFSP varieties under full and DI. Beta‐carotene, iron, and zinc were the root quality parameters studied. A factorial arrangement of treatments was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The irrigation rates used for scheduling were 100% (full irrigation), 60% (60 [DI]), and 30% (30 [DI]) of total available water (TAW). The test varieties were Naspot‐13 and Jewel of the OFSP crop. The beta‐carotene content of the Jewel cultivar was 27% higher than that of the Naspot‐13 cultivar. However, neither cultivar's root quality changed under DI. The results show that serving 125 g of boiled OFSP varieties provides more than 100% of vitamin A, sufficient iron, and minimal zinc dietary requirements for 4‐ to 8‐year‐old children and 10‐ to 50‐year‐old pregnant women. In general, the nutritional water productivity of root quality parameters increased with a decrease in water application. In conclusion, a positive water‐food‐nutrition nexus was established under the Naspot‐13 variety, suggesting a capacity for alleviating vitamin A, iron, and zinc deficiency health‐related problems, particularly in children and pregnant women in regions with limited water resources. Therefore, adoption of DI strategies for underutilized crops using smart pressurized irrigation systems could be significant in undertaking water management reforms.
Syntheses, Structures, Structural Transformation, and Properties of Neodymium Sulfate Based Inorganic Networks
Authors: Jiajaroen Suwadee , Chanthee Songwuit , Dungkaew Winya , Kielar Filip , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol , Hayami Shinya , Chainok Kittipong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwo neodymium sulfate based purely inorganic networks, [NH4][Nd(SO4)2(H2O)3] ⋅ H2O (1) and [Nd2(SO4)3(H2O)4] ⋅ H2O (2) have been synthesized at different reaction temperatures and pH values. The structure of 1 features a two‐dimensional (2D) anionic corrugated sheet with an sql topological net built up by linking NdO8 units and μ2‐SO42− anions, in which the NH4+ charge‐compensating/templating cations occupy the intersheet layers. While 2 possesses a 3D neutral framework with an unprecedented (3,42,7‐c) net constructed by NdO9 units and μ4‐ and μ6‐SO42− linkers. They exhibit thermally induced irreversible structural transformation associated with the dehydration and the changes in coordination geometry and dimensionality. Both compound 1 and 2 display typical antiferromagnetic interactions between the Nd3+ centres. In addition, the CO2 adsorption isotherms of the desolvated samples 1 and 2 were also investigated.
Einleitung
Authors: Landscheidt Dr. jur. Fabian 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDaten sind digitale Güter. Der rechtliche Schutz von Daten ist jedoch bisher weder in der deutschen noch in der europäischen Rechtsordnung einheitlich geregelt. Die rechtliche Teilabdeckung des Schutzes von Daten ist insbesondere im Patentrecht mit einem gewissen Maß an Rechtsunsicherheit verbunden. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit soll es daher sein, die Grundsätze der Patentierbarkeit zur Erfindung nach § 1 PatG / Art. 52 EPÜ und zur erfinderischen Tätigkeit nach § 4 PatG / Art. 56 EPÜ auf Daten und Informationen anzuwenden. Anhand eines patentrechtlichen Datenbegriffes sollen insbesondere die Konzepte der Technizität von Erfindungen sowie der Körperlichkeit von Verfahrens- und Sacherzeugnissen kritisch durchleuchtet werden. Das Ergebnis der Arbeit sollen praxistaugliche und verfassungskonforme Fallgruppen zur Datenpatentierbarkeit darstellen, die mit der aktuellen Entscheidungspraxis der deutschen und europäischen Spruchkörper in Einklang stehen.
Schlussteil
Authors: Landscheidt Dr. jur. Fabian 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDaten im patentrechtlichen Sinne sind dem Verfahrenserzeugnisschutz nach § 9 S. 2 Nr. 3 PatG / Art. 64 Abs. 2 EPÜ zugänglich, sofern (1) sie im Rahmen eines Verfahrens neu oder abweichend von einer bisherigen Datenstruktur codiert werden, (2) ihr Zweck nicht ausschließlich darin besteht, erfasst, analysiert oder übertragen zu werden, und (3) sie ihre wesentlichen Eigenschaften, namentlich ihre mittelbar-potentielle Wahrnehmbarkeit in üblicher Form, ihre wiederholbare Nutzbarkeit sowie ihre sachlich-technische Prägung nach der Verkehrsauffassung nicht einbüßen. Daten sind dem Erzeugnisschutz gemäß § 9 S. 2 Nr. 1 PatG mangels Körperlichkeit nicht zugänglich. Das Erfordernis der Körperlichkeit erscheint dabei die letzte Bastion der physischen, anfassbaren und materialisierten Natur der Erfindung zu sein.