bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Bafilomycin A1: An inhibitor of vacuolar H (+)‐ATPases on endocytosis and apoptosis in RAW cells and RAW cell‐derived osteoclasts
Authors: Xu Jiake , Feng Hao Ting , Wang Cathy , Yip Kirk H. M. , Pavlos Nathan , Papadimitriou John M. , Wood David , Zheng Ming H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of V‐ATPases, is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption, but the underlying mechanisms of its action remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of Bafilomycin A1 on endocytosis and apoptosis in RAW cells and RAW cell‐derived osteoclasts. Quantitative analysis by flow cytometry showed that Bafilomycin A1 increased total transferrin levels when RAW cells were exposed to labeled transferrin and decreased the total uptake of Dextran‐rhodamine B, both in a dose‐ and time‐dependent fashion, indicating that Bafilomycin influences receptor‐mediated and fluid phase endocytosis in these cells. Furthermore, Bafilomycin A1 induced apoptosis of RAW cells in a dose dependent manner as evidenced by Annexin V flow cytometry. The action of Bafilomycin A1 on endocytotic events appeared to be more sensitive and occurred earlier than on its apoptosis inducing effects, suggesting that interrupting of endocytosis might be an early sign of Bafilomycin‐mediated osteoclast inhibition. Semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR analysis showed that the gene transcripts of putative Bafilomycin A1 binding subunit, V‐ATPase‐subunit a3, were expressed in the preosteoclastic RAW cell line, and up‐regulated during RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclasts treated with Bafilomycin A1 exhibited apoptosis as well as altered cellular localization of Transferrin Alexa 647. Given that endocytosis and apoptosis are important processes during osteoclastic bone resorption, the potent effect of Bafilomycin A1 on endocytosis and apoptosis of osteoclasts and their precursor cells may in part account for Bafilomycin A1 inhibited bone resorption. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 1256–1264, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Boronic acid compounds as potential pharmaceutical agents
Authors: Yang Wenqian , Gao Xingming , Wang Binghe 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBoronic acid compounds have been used, because of their unique structural features, for the development of potent enzyme inhibitors, boron neutron capture agents for cancer therapy, and as antibody mimics that recognize biologically important saccharides. Consequently, there has been a surge of interests in boronic acid compounds. This study reviews the recent development in this area during the last six years. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 23, No. 3, 346–368, 2003
Building contingency planning for closed‐loop supply chains with product recovery
Authors: Guide V.Daniel R , Jayaraman Vaidy , Linton Jonathan D 
Published: March 2003

AbstractContingency planning is the first stage in developing a formal set of production planning and control activities for the reuse of products obtained via return flows in a closed‐loop supply chain. The paper takes a contingency approach to explore the factors that impact production planning and control for closed‐loop supply chains that incorporate product recovery. A series of three cases are presented, and a framework developed that shows the common activities required for all remanufacturing operations. To build on the similarities and illustrate and integrate the differences in closed‐loop supply chains, Hayes and Wheelwright’s product–process matrix is used as a foundation to examine the three cases representing Remanufacture‐to‐Stock (RMTS), Reassemble‐to‐Order (RATO), and Remanufacture‐to‐Order (RMTO). These three cases offer end‐points and an intermediate point for closed‐loop supply operations. Since they represent different positions on the matrix, characteristics such as returns volume, timing, quality, product complexity, test and evaluation complexity, and remanufacturing complexity are explored. With a contingency theory for closed‐loop supply chains that incorporate product recovery in place, past cases can now be reexamined and the potential for generalizability of the approach to similar types of other problems and applications can be assessed and determined.
Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric newborn screening for propionic acidaemia by targeting methylcitrate in dried filter‐paper urine samples
Authors: Kuhara T. , Ohse M. , Inoue Y. , Yorifuji T. , Sakura N. , Mitsubuchi H. , Endo F. , Ishimatu J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPropionic acidaemia (PCCD) or deficiency of propionyl‐CoA carboxylase (PCC) is one of the most common organic acidaemias. Recent studies have suggested that this disease can cause somatic or cognitive deterioration even in patients without ketosis or metabolic acidosis, or in cases with unusually late onset. This suggests that for this disease a sensitive yet practical screening procedure'is required to achieve early treatment. We conducted a pilot study of gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric screening of 12 000 newborns for PCCD using eluates from dried filter‐paper urine collected at 4–7 days of age. Methylcitrate (MC) was targeted for PCCD. For bulk screening, 2‐hydroxyundecanoate was used as internal standard; for quantification, stable‐ isotope‐labelled MC was used. Urease pretreatment without fractionation allowed satisfactory recovery and reproducibility of the highly polar MC. We detected an asymptomatic male infant with distinctly elevated MC: the creatinine‐corrected level relative to 2‐hydroxyundecanoate was 4.8 SD above the normal mean. The MC concentration calculated using the stable‐isotope‐ labelled internal standard was 70.6 mmol/mol creatinine 14.7 SD above the normal mean of 3.70. Parallel analysis of the dried blood spot at 4 days of age by tandem MS showed only borderline elevation of propionylcarnitine. The activity of PCC in lymphocytes was 7% of control. Gene analysis revealed that a single missense mutation, TAT to TGT, resulting in Y435C in the β chain was present in a homozygous form. Dietary treatment including carnitine supplementation decreased this infant's MC level and to date (at 13 months of age), he shows no neurological or somatic abnormalities.
Congenital microcephaly and seizures due to 3‐phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency: Outcome of treatment with amino acids
Authors: De Koning T. J. , Duran M. , Maldergem L. Van , Pineda M. , Dorland L. , Gooskens R. , Jaeken J. , Poll‐The B. T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCongenital microcephaly, intractable seizures and severe psycho‐motor retardation characterize 3‐phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (3‐PGDH) deficiency, a disorder of L‐serine biosynthesis. The enzyme defect results in low concentrations of serine and to a variable degree of glycine in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Short‐term beneficial effects have been reported of oral treatment with the deficient amino acids. In this paper, we report the first follow‐up data of amino acid therapy in five patients treated for 3–7.5 years. Different treatment regimes were used, but a favourable response to amino acids was observed in all patients. A major reduction in seizure frequency occurred in all patients; two patients became free of seizures. Amino acids were well tolerated and no adverse effects were documented. A progress of psychomotor development was only observed in one patient, diagnosed early and treated with a high dosage of L‐serine. A favourable outcome of 3‐PGDH deficiency depends on early diagnosis and treatment.
Vitamin C therapy ameliorates vascular endothelial dysfunction in treated patients with homocystinuria
Authors: Pullin C. H. , Bonham J. R. , McDowell I. F. W. , Lee P. J. , Powers H. J. , Wilson J. F. , Lewis M. J. , Moat S. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: We sought to investigate the effects of short‐ and long‐term vitamin C therapy on endothelial dysfunction in patients with homocystinuria.Background: Untreated homocystinuria due to cystathionine β‐synthase deficiency is associated with premature atherothrombotic disease; 25% of untreated patients suffer a vascular event by the age of 16 years and 50% by 29 years. Treatment directed at reducing homocysteine accumulation significantly reduces this risk. However, despite ‘optimal’ treatment and compliance, hyperhomocysteinaemia usually persists and individuals exhibit endothelial dysfunction indicative of an adverse cardiovascular prognosis. Additional intervention is therefore required to further reduce cardiovascular risk.Methods: We investigated the endothelial effects of acute (2 g single dose) and chronic (1 g/day for 6 months) administration of oral vitamin C in 5 patients with homocystinuria (mean age 26 years, 1 male) and 5 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Brachial artery endothelium‐dependent flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) and endothelium‐independent responses to nitroglycerin (NTG) were measured using high‐resolution ultrasonic vessel wall‐tracking.Results:Baseline: Plasma total homocysteine was 100.8 ± 61.6 and 9.2 ± 1.9 μmol/L in the patient and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). FMD responses were impaired in the patient group (20 ± 40 μm) compared with the controls (116 ± 30 μm) (p < 0.001). Vitamin C administration: FMD responses in the patient group improved both acutely, 160 ± 65 μm at 4 h (p < 0.001), and chronically, 170 ± 70 μm at 2 weeks (p < 0.001) and 170 ± 40 μm at 6 months (p < 0.001). FMD responses in the control group were unaltered (p = 0.526). Within both groups, neither the vascular response to NTG nor plasma homocysteine was altered (p > 0.4).Conclusions: Vitamin C ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in patients with homocystinuria, independent of changes in homocysteine concentration and should therefore be considered as an additional adjunct to therapy to reduce the potential long‐term risk of atherothrombotic disease.
Male war‐zone veterans' perceived relationships with their children: The importance of emotional numbing
Authors: Ruscio Ayelet Meron , Weathers Frank W. , King Lynda A. , King Daniel W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDespite growing recognition of substantial interpersonal impairment among many war‐zone veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), little is known about the association between PTSD symptomatology and veterans' relationships with their children. This study examined the differential pattern of associations between the symptom clusters of PTSD and the perceived father–child relationships of 66 male Vietnam veterans. Analyses revealed that only the emotional numbing cluster was significantly related to perceived quality of all relationship domains. The association between emotional numbing and perceived relationship quality remained significant in regression analyses even after controlling for fathers' family‐of‐origin stressors, combat exposure, depression, and substance abuse. Findings suggest that emotional numbing may be the component of PTSD most closely linked to interpersonal impairment in war‐zone veterans.
The relative contribution of war experiences and exile‐related stressors to levels of psychological distress among Bosnian refugees
Authors: Miller Kenneth E. , Weine Stevan M. , Ramic Alma , Brkic Nenad , Bjedic Zvezdana Djuric , Smajkic Amer , Boskailo Esad , Worthington Greg 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study examined the relative contribution of 2 exile‐related variables—social isolation and daily activity level—and war experiences of violence and loss, to levels of PTSD and depressive symptomatology in 2 groups of Bosnian refugees, 1 clinical group (N = 59) and the other a nonclinical community (N = 40) group. As hypothesized, exposure to war‐related violence was highly predictive of PTSD symptoms in both groups: in addition, social isolation was significantly related to PTSD symptomatology in the community group. In contrast, depressive symptomatology was accounted tor primarily by the exile‐related stressors. For the clinical group, depressive symptoms were also accounted for by experiences of war‐related loss. The implications of these findings for mental health interventions with refugees are considered.
Secondary traumatic stress and vicarious trauma: A validational study
Authors: Jenkins Sharon Rae , Baird Stephanie 
Published: March 2003

AbstractVicarious trauma (VT) and secondary traumatic stress (STS) or compassion fatigue both describe effects of working with traumatized persons on therapists. Despite conceptual similarities, their emphases differ: cognitive schemas vs. posttraumatic symptoms and burnout, respectively. The TSI Belief Scale (TSI‐BSL) measures VT; the Compassion Fatigue Self‐Test (CFST) for Psychotherapists measures STS. Neither has substantial psychometric evidence yet, nor has their association been studied. Results for 99 sexual assault and domestic violence counselors show concurrent validity between TSI‐BSL, and CFST, moderate convergence with burnout but useful discrimination, and strong convergence with general distress, but adequate independent shared variance. Counselors with interpersonal trauma histories scored higher on CFST, but not TSI‐BSL or burnout, consistent with the CFST's emphasis on trauma symptomatology.
Promoting Political Empowerment: Evaluation of an Intervention with University Students
Authors: Angelique Holly Lizotte , Reischl Thomas M. , Davidson William S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of this research is to examine the effects of an intervention, focusing on the development of political empowerment, with university students. Undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of two conditions (intervention/control) and were surveyed at two time points: before implementation of the intervention and upon completion of the intervention (or the equivalent two semester period). ANCOVA analyses reveal that individuals who participated in the empowering intervention had increased feelings of political commitment and a decreased sense of political efficacy compared to individuals who were randomly assigned to a waiting list/control group. Finally, limitations of this study are discussed and suggestions for future research are presented.
The Religious Support Scale: Construction, Validation, and Cross‐Validation
Authors: Fiala William E. , Bjorck Jeffrey P. , Gorsuch Richard 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCutrona and Russell's social support model was used to develop a religious support measure (C. E. Cutrona & D. W. Russell, 1987), including 3 distinct but related subscales respectively measuring support from God, the congregation, and church leadership. Factor analyses with the main sample's data (249 Protestants) and cross‐validation (93 additional Protestants) supported the scales' reliability and validity. All 3 types of religious support were related to lower depression and greater life satisfaction. Moreover, several relationships between the 3 subscales and psychological functioning variables remained significant after controlling for variance because of church attendance and social support. Results suggest that religious attendance does not automatically imply religious support, and that religious support can provide unique resources for religious persons, above and beyond those furnished by social support. Findings are discussed regarding relevance to community psychology.
Mouse Macrophage Paraoxonase 2 Activity Is Increased Whereas Cellular Paraoxonase 3 Activity Is Decreased Under Oxidative Stress
Authors: Rosenblat Mira , Draganov Dragomir , Watson Catherine E. , Bisgaier Charles L. , La Du Bert N. , Aviram Michael 
Published: March 2003

Objective—To determine whether paraoxonases (PONs) are expressed in macrophages and to analyze the oxidative stress effect on their expression and activities.Methods and Results—We demonstrated the presence (mRNA, protein, activity) of PON2 and PON3 but not PON1 in murine macrophages, whereas in human macrophages, only PON2 was expressed. Under oxidative stress as present in mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) from apoE-deficient (E0) mice as well as in C57BL6 mice, MPMs that were incubated with buthionine sulfoximine, with angiotensin II, with 7-ketocholesterol, or with oxidized phosphatidylcholine, PON2 mRNA levels and lactonase activity toward dihydrocoumarin significantly increased (by 50% to 130%). In contrast, PON3 lactonase activity toward lovastatin was markedly reduced (by 29% to 57%) compared with control cells. The supplementation of E0mice with dietary antioxidants (vitamin E, pomegranate juice) significantly increased macrophage PON3 activity (by 23% to 40%), suggesting that oxidative stress was the cause for the reduced macrophage PON3 activity. Incubation of purified PON2 or PON3 with E0mice MPMs resulted in reduced cellular lipid peroxides content by 14% to 19% and inhibition of cell-mediated LDL oxidation by 32% to 39%.Conclusions—Increased macrophage PON2 expression under oxidative stress could represent a selective cellular response to reduce oxidative burden, which may lead to attenuation of macrophage foam cell formation.
Tape‐assisted reciprocal teaching: Cognitive bootstrapping for poor decoders
Authors: Le Fevre Deidre M. , Moore Dennis W. , Wilkinson Ian A. G. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Students who have limited skills in decoding and comprehension and who lack motivation to read present difficulties for practitioners. Difficulties may be compounded when these students lack access to age‐appropriate and interesting text and have lost the notion of reading as a process of obtaining meaning from print.Aims: This research examined the effects of a modified reciprocal teaching intervention for readers with poor decoding skills and poor comprehension. Tapeassisted reciprocal teaching was used to help students with poor decoding skills develop cognitive and metacognitive strategies and improve their comprehension of high interest expository texts.Methods: Two single‐subject research design studies involving four groups of students were conducted. Study I involved one experimental group and Study II was a multiple baseline design involving three experimental groups.Sample: Each experimental group comprised a heterogeneous mix of six students, three with poor decoding skills and three with adequate decoding skills, all of whom showed poor comprehension.Results: As a result of the tape‐assisted reciprocal teaching, the poor decoders demonstrated improved application of cognitive and metacognitive strategies and improved comprehension. These improvements were shown on both researcherdeveloped and standardised tests as well as on maintenance and transfer measures. The students with adequate decoding skills also showed improvements in comprehension.Conclusions: The success of the intervention for poor decoders suggests that tape assisted reciprocal teaching may be seen as a form of ‘cognitive bootstrapping’ to enable poor readers to escape the cycle of reading failure and engage more meaningfully in the process of reading.
Ethical Dilemmas in Testing for Late Onset Conditions: Reactions to Testing and Perceived Impact on Other Family Members
Authors: Chapman Elizabeth 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper examines some of the ethical dilemmas that arise when testing for the late onset, untreatable condition of Huntington disease (HD) specifically now that technology allows us to test younger generations of the family for the mutant gene. Drawing on interview data from families with Huntington disease, the reactions to testing and perceived impact on other family members are considered. These are discussed in the light of the possible lowering of the age of test applicants. This potentially raises problems for a younger generation as they are confronted with reproductive decisions that the older generation did not have to face. It also means that individuals have the prospect of living with knowledge of a future illness for much longer.
Mental health status of human rights workers, Kosovo, June 2000
Authors: Holtz Timothy H. , Salama Peter , Cardozo Barbara Lopes , Gotway Carol A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHuman righls workers in humanitarian relief settings may be exposed to traumatic events that put them at risk for psychiatric morbidity. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey in June 2000 to study the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among 70 expatriate and Kosovar Albanian staff collecting human rights data in Kosovo. Among those surveyed, elevated levels of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms were found in 17.1, 8.6, and 7.1% respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed that human rights workers at risk for elevated anxiety symptoms were those who had worked with their organization longer than 6 months, those who had experienced an armed attack, and those who experienced local hostility. Our study indicates that human rights organizations should consider mental health assessment, care, and prevention programs for their staff.
Neurological, cognitive and attributional predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Williams W. Huw , Evans Jonathan J. , Needham Paul , Wilson Barbara A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between the reporting of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a community sample of 66 survivors of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and measures of injury severity, memory, insight, and index‐event attributions. Correlational analyses revealed that report ing of PTSD symptoms was related to level of insight and not associated with the severity of survivors' injury, educational background, premorbid or current IQ, or memory impairment. The severity of PTSD symptoms was also associated with external attributions to others of causality for the event.
Suppression Subtractive Hybridization Identifies Distinctive Expression Markers for Coronary and Internal Mammary Arteries
Authors: Qin Minghui , Zeng Zhaohui , Zheng Jie , Shah Prediman K. , Schwartz Stephen M. , Adams Lawrence D. , Sharifi Behrooz G. 
Published: March 2003

Objective—We sought to identify differentially expressed genes in the athero-prone coronary artery and athero-resistant internal mammary arteries.Methods and Results—Using suppressive subtraction hybridization, we generated reciprocal cDNA collections of representative mRNAs specific to porcine coronary arteries versus porcine mammary arteries. We screened 1000 suppressive subtraction hybridization cDNA clones by dot blot array and sequenced 600 of those showing the most marked expression differences. Northern blot, in situ hybridization, and immunostaining confirmed the differential gene expression patterns identified by the dot blot arrays. Genes associated with mammary arteries included claudin-10 and h-cadherin, which are genes associated with tight junctions and intermediate junctions. In contrast, genes associated with proatherosclerotic processes, such as lipid retention and metabolism, inflammation, and cell growth, were preferentially expressed in coronary arteries.Conclusions—Normal coronary arteries have gene expression program that is significantly different than internal mammary arteries. These differences may partly explain the resistance of coronary arteries and internal mammary arteries to atherosclerosis.
Failure of resting echocardiography and cardiac catheterization to identify pulmonary hypertension in two patients with type I Gaucher disease
Authors: Sirrs S. , Irving J. , McCauley G. , Gin K. , Munt B. , Pastores G. , Mistry P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PHT) is a complication of Gaucher disease. Screening with echocardiography is recommended for Gaucher patients. Two patients naive to enzyme replacement therapy are presented in whom resting echocardiography revealed no evidence of PHT. One of the patients also had normal pulmonary artery pressures at cardiac catheterization. The diagnosis of PHT was made with open lung biopsy in one patient and dobutamine echocardiography in the other. In both cases, diagnosis of PHT altered patient management. Resting echocardiographic assessment may fail to identify PHT in patients with Gaucher disease.