bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists and Royal Australian College of General Practitioners National GP Eye Skills Workshops: Colleges and Divisions reskilling general practice
Authors: Jackson Claire , De Jong Inge , Glasson William 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT Purpose: Little formal eye skills training has historically been available to Australian general practitioners at undergraduate or postgraduate levels. The development of the National GP Eye Skills Workshop was a joint initiative of the Royal Australian Colleges of General Practice and Ophthalmology, to enhance the skills of Australian general practitioners in a range of important ocular examination and procedural areas. Methods: Workshops were run in eight Queensland Divisions of General Practice in 1998. Between two and 10 local ophthalmologists in each divisional area were involved either in the workshop programme or in the recruitment of patients for the patient assessment module. Workshops were run on weekends and included modules on vision testing and disease screening in children and adults, ophthalmoscopy, assessment for glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, incision of chalazions, removal of corneal foreign bodies, ocular first aid, implementing eye assessment in busy general practice, and a patient assessment clinic. A questionnaire was administered which was comprised of sections relating to the format of the workshop, new skills and concepts learnt, learning exceptions, and perception of future ability to treat/scan/assess for eye conditions in general practice. The questionnaire was completed by 91% of participants. Results: Participants strongly supported the impact of the workshop on their ability to detect and treat eye problems in their practices, and refer where appropriate to an ophthalmologist. They also rated highly all individual aspects of the programme in terms of impact on their delivery of general practitioner eye care. Conclusions: The results illustrate the comprehensive success of the workshop programme in format, content, relevance and delivery.
Indocyanine green anterior segment angiography for studying conjunctival vascular changes after trabeculectomy
Authors: Alsagoff Zainah , Chew Paul Tk , Chee Caroline Kl , Wong Jun‐Shyan , Aung Tin 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of indocyanine green (ICG) for angiography of the anterior segment to characterize conjunctival and episcleral vasculature changes after trabeculectomy. Methods: This was a prospective evaluation of anterior segment ICG angiography in 10 eyes of 10 patients undergoing trabeculectomy for the first time. Trabeculectomy was performed with intraoperative sponge application of 5‐ fluorouracil (5 cases) or mitomycin C (5 cases). Anterior segment ICG angiography was performed prior to surgery, then at 2 weeks and 2 months after surgery. Results: With ICG, the anterior segment vessels were well delineated, including deep episcleral veins, which have not been clearly shown in previous angiographic techniques. Late phases of the angiogram could also be studied. The vascular alterations after trabeculectomy noted included loss of vascularity over the bleb area and vascular anastomoses along the perimeter of the avascular bleb. Conclusions: Angiography using ICG has potential as an investigative tool to study the conjunctival and episcleral vasculature changes after trabeculectomy.
Diplopia as a complication of laser in situ keratomileusis surgery
Authors: Yap Eng‐Yiat , Kowal Lionel 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTA case is presented of a patient with high myopia who developed vertical binocular diplopia after decentred laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery with associated decompensation of pre‐existing exophoria into an exotropia. A 40‐year‐old man underwent LASIK surgery for high myopia in his right eye. Preoperatively, he was approximately –26.00/–2.00 × 35° with visual acuity of 6/12–2 in that eye. He also had an asymptomatic exophoria. After LASIK surgery, he achieved a refraction of –3.25/–0.50 × 80° with 6/21 best‐corrected visual acuity. He also developed binocular diplopia. The ablation zone had been decentred upwards and there was also an exo‐ and hypo‐deviation of his right eye. He was able to superimpose the two images in free space with vertical and horizontal prisms. A hard contact lens also resulted in superimposition of the two images. Vertical decentration of the ablation zone can induce a vertical prism effect after LASIK surgery and result in vertical diplopia. This together with abnormal optics also caused loss of best‐corrected vision and decompensation of his pre‐existing exophoria into an exotropia.
The presentation, aetiology, management and outcome of optic neuritis in an Asian population
Authors: Wang Jenn‐Chyuan , Tow Sharon , Aung Tin , Lim Su‐Ann , Cullen James F 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyse the presentation, aetiology, management and outcome of patients with optic neuritis (ON) in Singapore. Methods: This was a retrospective study involving consecutive patients with ON presenting at the Singapore National Eye Centre between January 1997 and May 1999. The presenting features, investigations, treatment and visual outcome after 6 months were studied. Results: A total of 31 patients (39 eyes) presented with ON during this period, 17 of whom had anterior ON. No aetiology was found in 26 patients (83.9%), two patients (6.5%) had multiple sclerosis, one had active syphilis, one had rheumatoid arthritis and another had pan‐sinusitis. Seventeen patients (54.8%) were treated with intravenous methyl‐prednisolone followed by oral prednisolone. Within the follow‐up period 26 of 31 eyes (83.9%) with idiopathic ON attained visual acuity of 6/12 or better, with 12 (38.7%) recovering to 6/6 or better and only one eye ending with less than 6/60 visual acuity. The one patient with syphilis recovered 6/6 visual acuity bilaterally. Both patients with multiple sclerosis also had good visual recovery at 6 months. The visual outcome in those cases of ON associated with rheumatoid arthritis and pan‐sinusitis was poor with visual acuity of less than 6/60 at 6 months follow up in each instance. Conclusion: The majority of the cases of ON in this study were idiopathic. There was a low association with multiple sclerosis. Most patients had good visual recovery within 6 months.
Four‐year review of open eye injuries at the Royal Adelaide Hospital
Authors: Casson Robert J , Walker James C , Newland Henry S 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Purpose: To review the epidemiology of penetrating eye injuries and ruptured globes presenting to the Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia. Methods: A retrospective case review over a 4‐year period. Results: There were 109 penetrated or ruptured globes in 105 patients. The average age was 41 years and 80.2% were men. Over half were from rural areas. The commonest cause of injury was hammering metal followed by motor vehicle accidents. Falls in the elderly were the commenest cause of globe ruptures. A final visual acuity of 6/12 or better was found in 40% of eyes and no perception of light in 27%. Conclusions: At the Royal Adelaide Hospital, the predominant referral centre for serious ocular injury in South Australia, approximately 25 open globe injuries are encountered a year. Although the epidemiology of these injuries was found to be similar to those previously reported in Victoria and rural New South Wales, differences were thought to reflect to the ageing population of South Australia. Rupture of an old, healed large‐incision cataract extraction wound was the commonest cause of ruptured globe. An effective preventive strategy to reduce the incidence of severe ocular trauma has yet to be implemented. The concept of a national population‐based severe ocular trauma database is considered.
Intraepidermal carcinoma of the eyelid
Authors: Sullivan Timothy J , Boulton Jonathan E , Whitehead Kevin J 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPurpose: To examine the clinical and pathological features and treatment outcomes of cutaneous squamous intra­epidermal carcinoma of the eyelid in order to determine its behaviour, its relationship to squamous cell carcinoma and appropriate management.Methods: All patients from the practice of one of the authors with a histological diagnosis of squamous intra‐epidermal carcinoma were included. Retrospective chart review was performed, and pathology re‐examined. All patients were recalled for examination. Histological diagnosis of periocular intraepidermal carcinoma, lesion characteristics, outcome of surgical excision, local recurrence, and occurrence of metastasis were assessed as main outcome measures.Results:  Thirty‐one white, usually fair‐haired patients had a total of 37 lesions. Most had a history of occupational or recreational sun exposure. Other predisposing factors included exposure to arsenic, petroleum by‐products and epidermodysplasia verruciformis. All except one had other solar keratoses and non‐melanoma skin cancers. All had surgical excision. Six cases (16%) had evidence of progression to squamous cell carcinoma. Seven cases (18%) had local recurrence successfully treated by further local excision. No patient had perineural spread or distant metastasis.Conclusions:  This lesion, which serves as a marker for severe actinic damage, may masquerade as chronic blepharitis. Early diagnosis prior to dermal invasion is important. Complete excision is the recommended treatment. Adjunctive treatment with topical 5‐fluorouracil may be appropriate in some circumstances. Long‐term follow up is mandatory.
Central retinal vein occlusion in pseudoexfoliation of the lens capsule
Authors: Gillies William E , Brooks Anne MV 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn surveying an extensive group of patients with unilateral pseudoexfoliation of the lens capsule certain interesting points emerged, particularly on the incidence of central retinal vein occlusion in this condition, and perhaps in glaucoma also. A total of 284 patients with unilateral pseudo­exfoliation of the lens capsule were examined clinically after an ophthalmic and general history were taken. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 30.9 mmHg in the affected eye and 18.1 mmHg in the unaffected eye. Central retinal vein occlusion occurred in 10 affected eyes but no unaffected eyes and always in affected eyes with a rise in IOP. Average IOP in the affected eye with central retinal vein occlusion was 37.5 mmHg (range 26−54 mmHg); in the unaffected fellow eye it was 18.0 mmHg (range 11−28 mmHg). Although the process involved in producing pseudo­exfoliation of the lens capsule may contribute to the precipitation of central retinal vein occlusion, these findings suggest the rise in IOP is the more important cause. This may also be so in other forms of glaucoma.
Reliability of computer‐assisted retinal vessel measurement in a population
Authors: Sherry Lauren M , Wang Jie Jin , Rochtchina Elena , Wong Tien Y , Klein Ronald , Hubbard Larry D , Mitchell Paul 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to assess the intergrader and intragrader reliability of computer‐assisted retinal vessel dia­meter measurement in a defined, community‐based population. Retinal photographs from participants in the Blue Mountains Eye Study were digitized using standard techniques. A grader identified all retinal vessels located 0.5−1.0 disc diameter from the optic disc margin, and a computer program measured the width of these vessels. Intergrader and intragrader reliability was assessed on a random sub­sample of 184 and 97 images, respectively, using quadratic weighted kappa (κ) and correlation analysis (R2). Intergrader reliability
was high for summary indices of retinal arteriolar (κ = 0.85, R2 = 0.88)
and venular (κ = 0.90, R2 = 0.90)
diameters, and their ratio, the arteriole‐to‐venule ratio (κ = 0.75, R2 = 0.79). Intragrader reliability was also high, with kappa values ranging from 0.80 to 0.93 and from 0.80 to 0.92 for graders 1 and 2, respectively. It is concluded that the retinal vessel diameters could be reliably measured using computer‐assisted software and may be used for population‐based research.
Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy presenting with rubeotic glaucoma
Authors: Dunlop Anthony AS , Graham Stuart L 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA 78‐year‐old man with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy type I (Met30), presented with rubeotic glaucoma 9 months following an uncomplicated vitrectomy for vitreous amyloidosis. There was retinal neovascularization and extensive retinal vascular closure. In the preceding 9 months, episodes of ‘uveitis’ and high intraocular pressure are thought to be due to amyloid protein released into the aqueous leading to trabecular meshwork obstruction and high intraocular pressures, thus compounding the ocular ischaemia created by amyloid vascular closure. The patient underwent pan‐retinal photocoagulation and Molteno implant surgery. The rubeosis regressed and pressure control was gained but sight was lost.
Role of daunorubicin in inhibiting proliferative vitreoretinopathy after retinal detachment surgery
Authors: Kumar Atul , Nainiwal Sanjeev , Choudhary Indranil , Tewari Hem K , Verma Lalit K 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Purpose: To study the role of daunorubicin in inhibiting pro­liferative vitreoretinopathy after retinal detachment surgery. Method: Thirty eyes of 30 patients with a primary rhegmato­genous retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretin­opathy of stage D1 or more advanced were included in the study. The eyes were randomly assigned to either the experimental or the control group. The eyes in the experimental group received an intravitreal injection of dauno­rubicin (5 µg) before conclusion of the vitrectomy. The main outcome measures evaluated were: retinal attachment, vitreous activity and visual acuity at 3 months after surgery. Results: Complete retinal attachment was achieved in 13 eyes (86.6%) in the daunorubicin group and 10 eyes (66.6%) in the control group, at 3 months. Nine patients (60%) in the daunorubicin group and five patients (33.3%) in the control group had a best‐corrected visual acuity of ≥3/60 at 3 months of follow up. There was a statistically significant reduction in vitreous reaction at all times during the postoperative period in the daunorubicin group. Conclusion: Daunorubicin may be a useful drug in inhibiting proliferative vitreoretinopathy after surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Effect of peripapillary chorioretinal atrophy on GDx parameters in patients with degenerative myopia
Authors: Bozkurt Banu , Irkeç Murat , Gedik Sansal , Orhan Mehmet , Erdener Ugur , Tatlipinar Sinan , Karaagaoglu Ergun 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Purpose: To determine the effect of peripapillary chorio­retinal atrophy in degenerative myopia on the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness measurements performed by scanning laser polarimetry. Methods: Polarimetric RNFL analysis was done in 41 degenerative myopic eyes of 25 patients with spherical refractive errors between −7.50 and −22.00 D (mean −12.50 D; SD 3.5). Analysis was also performed on 46 eyes of 24 age‐matched healthy subjects with spherical refractive errors between −1.00 and +1.00 D (mean −0.25 D; SD 0.50) with GDx Nerve Fiber Analyzer (Version 1.0.12). All of the myopic patients had clinically evident peripapillary chorio­retinal atrophy in their fundus examination. Results: In myopic patients most of the GDx parameters were statistically different from the control group (P < 0.05). Although average thickness, ellipse average, number, inferior maximum and inferior average were found to be higher than the healthy subjects, the modu­lation parameters and the ratio‐based parameters were significantly decreased in degenerative myopic patients (P < 0.05). The TSNIT (temporal, superior, nasal, inferior, temporal) graph showed irregular high spikes with loss of the regular double hump pattern, especially in quadrants with large chorioretinal atrophy and visible sclera. Conclusion: Peripapillary chorioretinal atrophy increased retardation values, which might be explained by the high reflectivity of the bare sclera in these areas.
Helicobacter Pylori and Precancerous Gastric Lesions
Authors: Cu Pham Quang , Huyen Nguyen Xuan , Luan Trinh Thi , Hung Nguyen Quang , Hop Tran Van 
Published: March 2003

Background:
To determine the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and the precancerous gastric lesions: atrophic gastritis (AG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) and dysplasia.Methods:
A total of 347 dyspeptic patients, including 141 H. pylori‐positive patients and 206 H. pylori‐negative patients, were studied alongside age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The patients underwent gastroscopy and endoscopic biopsy for detection of H. pylori, and histological examinations. Helicobacter pylori was detected by a urease test (CLO; Delta West; Bentley, Australia), by histology (H&E stain, Giemsa) and by serology (BioSig; BioMeditech, NJ, USA). Atrophic gastritis, IM and dysplasia were detected by histological examination (Giemsa, H&E stain).Results:
There is a higher rate of atrophic gastritis in H. pylori‐positive than in H. pylori‐negative patients (46 vs 13.5%, odds ratio (OR) = 5.4; P < 0.01). Gastritis in H. pylori‐positive patients also has a higher rate of activity than in H. pylori‐negative patients. The rate of IM is higher in H. pylori‐positive patients than in H. pylori‐negative patients (35 vs 11%; OR = 4.3; P < 0.01). Metaplasia is more often diffuse in H. pylori‐positive than in H. pylori‐negative patients. Dysplasia is more common in H. pylori‐positive than in H. pylori‐negative patients (12 and 3.8%; OR = 3.3; P < 0.01).Conclusions:
This study supports the suggestion of a relationship between H. pylori infection and precancerous gastric lesions. Wherever H. pylori is present, the precancerous lesions are more common and more severe.
Development of magnifying video endoscopes with high resolution
Authors: Udagawa Tetsuo , Amano Minami , Okada Fujio 
Published: March 2003

Background: The diagnostic capability of a video‐endoscope has been remarkably enhanced by using a high pixel count charge‐coupled device (CCD) and is getting closer to that of the stereomicroscope as its image quality is improved. From this standpoint, the authors have been developing high‐resolution magnifying video‐endoscopes.Methods: There are two methods available to increase the resolution of a video‐endoscope: (i) use a CCD with large pixel number and (ii) optically magnify the image impinging on the CCD. Since the video‐endoscope using a 410 Kilo (K) pixel count CCD was introduced in 1993, the authors have been developing a video‐endoscope using a large pixel count number CCD in pursuit of obtaining better image quality and resolution. Also, the technological innovations in CCD manufacturing have allowed CCDs to become much smaller in size with higher pixel numbers. As the CCD size decreases, the distal part of a video‐endoscope can be made thinner. With respect to optical magnification, two methods are available, the fixed close‐focusing system and variable focus.Results: With combined use of the variable focus magnification and the electronic magnification, a magnification more than × 100 can be achieved on a 14″ television monitor with higher resolution power and wider depth of field.Conclusions: The images captured by the latest magnifying video‐endoscope prove that the image quality of video‐endoscopy is improving and is approaching the diagnostic capability of the stereomicroscope.
Endosonographic criteria for assessment of the depth of duodenal invasion in carcinoma of the papilla of Vater
Authors: Morozumi Atsuro , Fujino Masayuki A. , Sato Tadashi , Kojima Yuichiro , Nakamura Toshiya , Kubo Katsuhiro , Kitahara Fumiaki , Ikeda Masahiro 
Published: March 2003

Background: Imaging criteria by endosonography for assessment of the depth of duodenal invasion of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater (papilla carcinoma) have not been established.Methods: Twelve patients with papilla carcinoma were studied. The endosonographic findings were described in each case and depths were evaluated based on endosonographic images of the normal papilla and by comparison with endosonographic images of gastric carcinoma. The information was compared with the histopathological findings of the resected specimens.Results: Imaging criteria were proposed as follows: In d0 or T1, the papilla swelled preserving the basic structure; in d1 or T2, the papilla presented as a tumor but the non‐thickened duodenal fourth (proper muscle) layer was traceable behind the tumor; in d2 or T2, the papilla presented as a tumor fused with the thickened duodenal fourth layer; in d3 or T3–4, the papilla presented as a tumor and the duodenal fourth layer was partially or entirely untraceable behind the tumor. Accuracy of endosonography was 75% by the Japanese classification and 83.3% by the TNM system.Conclusions: Proposed endosonographic criteria are suitable for clinical application for assessing the depth of duodenal invasion of papilla carcinoma.
Antral Red Streaking is a Negative Endoscopic Sign for Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Authors: Kawabe Takao , Maeda Shin , Ogura Keiji , Yamaji Yutaka , Okamoto Makoto , Yoshida Haruhiko , Shiratori Yasushi , Omata Masao 
Published: March 2003

Background:  One of the most important endoscopic findings for the diagnosis of chronic gastritis is erythema. Erythema is classified into two groups: spotted or scattered erythema and linear erythema. We feel that red streaking has a tendency to be found on the apparently normal gastric mucosa without inflammation.Methods:  To evaluate this association prospectively, we conducted the present study in 1513 consecutive patients undergoing endoscopy. Helicobacter pylori infection was assessed by rapid urease test, culture, pathological test, serological test and urea breath test using 13C.Results:  Of these patients, red streaking was recognized in 94 patients (6.2%). All of the tests showed very low prevalence (0–3.5%) of H. pylori infection in patients with red streaking whereas positive results were obtained recognized in 42–49% of 94 age‐sex‐matched patients without red streaking. Additionally, no peptic‐ulcer diseases, such as gastric ulcer/ulcer scar and duodenal ulcer/ulcer scar, were found in the patients with red streaks. In conclusion, red streaking is a negative sign for H. pylori infection and peptic‐ulcer diseases.Conclusions:  The understanding of these results might also improve the effort and cost‐effectiveness of endoscopic examinations by avoiding unnecessary further testing.