bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of 1‐methylcyclopropene on peach fruit (Prunus persica L. cv. Jiubao) ripening and disease resistance
Authors: Liu Hongxia , Jiang Weibo , Zhou Ligang , Wang Baogang , Luo Yunbo 
Published: January 2005

SummaryIn order to learn how 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) affects ripening and disease‐resistance of peach fruit (Prunus persica L. cv. Jiubao) after harvest, they were treated with 1‐MCP and some were inoculated with Penicillium expansum. Treating peach fruit with 0.2 μL L−1 of 1‐MCP at 22 °C for 24 h effectively slowed the decline in fruit firmness. The minimal concentration of 1‐MCP able to inhibit fruit softening was 0.6 μL L−1. Changes in other parameters related to peach ripening, such as content of soluble solids, total soluble sugar, titratable acidity, soluble pectin and ethylene production were also significantly reduced or delayed by 1‐MCP. Repeated treatment of peach with 1‐MCP resulted in more effective inhibition of ripening. Post‐harvest decay of peach fruit was reduced by treatment with 1‐MCP and disease progress in fruit inoculated with P. expansum was reduced. The activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase, polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase in the inoculated fruit were also enhanced by 1‐MCP.
An absorption model for the thickness effect in hydrophilic films
Authors: Yoshida Cristiana M. P. , Antunes Antonio C. B. , Alvear Celso , Antunes Aloísio J. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryThe permeability parameters for moisture transmission through hydrophilic films are well known to be thickness dependent, this effect appearing in permeability studies based on diffusion models. In our model we assume that, besides diffusion, some of the water vapour of the diffusion flux is removed by the hydrophilic components of the films. This water is immobilized and becomes hydration water of the hydrophilic molecules. This paper describes a diffusion–adsorption model, with thickness‐independent parameters, which explains this phenomenon.
The comparison of physico‐chemical and textural properties, as well as volatile compounds, from low‐fat and regular‐fat sausages
Authors: Yoo Seung S. , Kook Sung H. , Chin Koo B. , Shim Jae H. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryIn order to determine the optimum method for extraction of the entire flavour profile of sausages, three extraction techniques, solvent extraction (SE), purge and trap (PT), and simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE), were compared. Similarly, to effectively analyse the volatile compounds of low‐fat (<3%) and regular‐fat (approximately 15%) sausages, three isolation techniques were investigated and gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used for final identification of compounds. A total of thirty‐three volatile compounds were identified in the sausages by SDE, twelve by SE, and nine by PT. In the SE method, fats interfered in the extraction of some volatile components, resulting in lower recovery and longer isolation time when compared with the other two methods. The PT method might not be a good extraction method because of the loss of heterocyclic compounds. However, the SDE method showed greater yields and recognized more volatiles when compared with SE. Furfural, trans‐caryophyllene, and myristicine were the predominant volatile compounds extracted by SDE. These results suggest that the SDE method is the most efficient method in isolating volatile compounds in both regular‐ and low‐fat sausages. The amounts of volatile compounds, such as, 4‐acethyl‐3‐methyl pyrazole, 1,4‐dimethyl benzene, p‐ethylguaiacol and β‐caryophyllene were higher in regular‐fat sausages; however, the amounts of myristicine and hexadecanoic acid were higher in low‐fat sausages.
An integrated strategy to control post‐harvest decay of Embul banana by combining essential oils with modified atmosphere packaging
Authors: Ranasinghe Lakshmie , Jayawardena Bimali , Abeywickrama Krishanthi 
Published: January 2005

SummaryMature Embul (Musa, AAB) bananas were treated with emulsions of either cinnamon bark or leaf (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) or clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oils to control post‐harvest diseases, packed under modified atmosphere (MA) using low‐density polyethylene (0.075 mm, LDPE) bags, and stored in a cold room (14 ± 1 °C, 90% RH) or at ambient temperature (28 ± 2 °C). The effects of the essential oils on post‐harvest diseases; physico‐chemical properties and organoleptic properties were determined and compared with controls and bananas treated with benomyl. Treatments with cinnamon bark and leaf oils controlled crown rot, whereas clove oil treatment did not affect crown rot development. Treatment with emulsions of cinnamon oils combined with MA packaging can be recommended as a safe, cost‐effective method for extending the storage life of Embul bananas up to 21 days in a cold room and 14 days at 28 ± 2 °C without affecting the organoleptic and physico‐chemical properties.
The quality of orange juice processed by coupling crossflow microfiltration and osmotic evaporation
Authors: Cisse Mady , Vaillant Fabrice , Perez Ana , Dornier Manuel , Reynes Max 
Published: January 2005

SummaryCrossflow microfiltration (CFM) and osmotic evaporation (OE) were implemented on a semi‐industrial pilot scale to obtain clarified orange juice concentrates at 450 and 620 g kg−1 of total soluble solids. The characteristics of the juice were then assessed and compared with fresh juice and commercial concentrates. With CFM, most aroma compounds and vitamin C remained in the permeate while the more apolar compounds such as terpenic hydrocarbons and carotenoids were strongly retained by the membrane. With OE, significant losses of vitamin C and aroma compounds occurred at first, with losses progressively decreasing during treatment. Pre‐conditioning the membrane and cold regeneration of the brine reduced losses drastically, with the aroma composition tending towards that of the initial juice. The quality of pulp, a blend of the CFM retentate and OE concentrate, was high and much closer to that of the initial fresh juice than to the commercial thermal concentrate.
Fracture resistance of class II packable composite restorations with and without flowable liners
Authors: ÖZGÜNALTAY G. , GÖRÜCÜ J. 
Published: January 2005

summary  This study evaluated fracture resistance in class II slot packable composite restorations with and without the use of a flowable composite liner. A conventional microhybrid composite was used as a control.Thirty‐six sound, caries‐free human mandibulary molar teeth were used. Separate mesio‐occlusal and disto‐occlusal class II slot cavity preparations were made in each tooth. The prepared teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 12 teeth. Two packable composites (Surefil, Filtek P60) and one microhybrid composite (Filtek Z250) with their respective manufacturer's bonding agents were used to restore the cavities. One side of each tooth was restored with composite alone, while the other side was restored with the composite lined with that manufacturer's flowable liner. The marginal ridges of the restorations were loaded at an angle of 13·5° to the long‐axis of the tooth in an Instron Testing Machine until failure. The data were analysed using a one‐way anova. There was no significant difference in fracture resistance between composite restorations with and without flowable liners.
Combining ability analysis and correlation between breeding values in true potato seed
Authors: Ortiz R. , Golmirzaie A. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTrue potato seed (TPS) requires the selection of appropriate parents for developing hybrid offspring. Parents for routine crossing schemes need to be selected according to their combining ability. Hierarchical and factorial mating designs provide a mean values to assess the general combining ability (GCA) of clones included in crossing schemes. Furthermore, specific combining ability (SCA) may be investigated using the factorial mating design. The aim of this research was to determine the combining ability of clones included in early and intermediate TPS breeding populations developed by the Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP). Likewise, correlations between breeding values (or additive genetic correlation, pA) were calculated. Two hierarchical mating designs (in both the early and intermediate populations) and one factorial mating design (in the intermediate population) were evaluated in two contrasting Peruvian locations (La Molina ‐ coastal desert, and San Ramon, warm humid tropics). Plant and tuber characteristics were recorded in these experiments. Significant GCA was observed for tuber yield in all experiments. The male's pA between plant vigour after transplanting and tuber yield was significant, thereby suggesting that offspring with early vigorous growth are high yielding. Plant vigour was also correlated with tuber set, but only among the breeding value of female parents, which suggests that high tuber yield could be achieved because offspring with early, vigorous growth have many tubers. High tuber yielding hybrids can be obtained by choosing parents with significant GCA, whose tuber yield can also be further enhanced if the crosses have a significant SCA.
Transfer of powdery mildew resistance from Brassica carinata to Brassica oleracea through embryo rescue
Authors: Tonguç M. , Griffiths P. D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractInterspecific hybrid plants and backcross 1 (BC1) progeny were produced through sexual crosses and embryo rescue between Brassica carinata accession PI 360883 and B. oleracea cvs Titleist’and‘Cecile’to transfer resistance to powdery mildew to B. oleracea. Four interspecific hybrids were obtained through application of embryo rescue from crosses with B. carinata as the maternal parent, and their interspecific nature confirmed through plant morphology and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Twenty‐one BC1 plants were obtained through sexual crosses and embryo rescue although embryo rescue was not necessary to produce first backcross generation plants between interspecific hybrids and B. oleracea. All interspecific hybrids and eight of the BC1 plants were resistant to powdery mildew.
Helminthosporium leaf blight resistance and agronomic performance of wheat genotypes across warm regions of South Asia
Authors: Sharma R. C. , Duveiller E. , Ahmed F. , Arun B. , Bhandari D. , Bhatta M. R. , Chand R. , Chaurasiya P. C. P. , Gharti D. B. , Hossain M. H. , Joshi A. K. , Mahto B. N. , Malaker P. K. , Reza M. A. , Rahman M. , Samad M. A. , Shaheed M. A. , Siddique A. B. , Singh A. K. , Singh K. P. , Singh R. N. , Singh S. P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHelminthosporium leaf blight (HLB) is the most important disease constraint to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation in the eastern Gangetic Plains of South Asia. A Helminthosporium Monitoring Nursery (HMN) including potential adapted and exotic sources of HLB resistance was developed in Bangladesh, India and Nepal to assess the stability of genetic resistance across locations. The 8th, 9th and 10th HMN assessed the HLB resistance and agronomic traits of 17 wheat genotypes across 20 environments of Bangladesh, India and Nepal in the 1999‐2000, 2000‐2001 and 2001‐2002 cropping seasons, respectively. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for HLB, grain yield, thousand‐kernel weight (TKW), days to heading, days to maturity, and plant height were examined. The 17 genotypes showed a range of variability for disease and agronomic characters. Disease severity (AUDPC) differed in the 3 years and showed the highest values in 2002. The increase in AUDPC in 2002 caused the lowest grain yield, with an average 18% reduction due to HLB. A few genotypes (SW 89‐5422, Yangmai‐6 and Ning 8201) appeared to have stable HLB resistance across environments. However, most of the higher‐yielding genotypes, except BL 1883, were unstable. The results suggest that careful selection of HLB resistance with acceptable grain yield, TKW and plant height may be possible using the wheat genotypes included in the HMN.
Estimates of additive and dominance effects for Fusarium head blight resistance of winter triticale
Authors: Oettler G. , Heinrich N. , Miedaner T. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe most effective strategy to control Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease of small‐grain cereals, is breeding resistant cultivars. This resistance study of F1 crosses, F2 and backcross generations of triticale estimates heterosis, general and specific combining ability (GCA, SCA), additive and dominance effects and compares parents with segregating generations. The genetic material consisted of 10 parents with their 45 F1 crosses and of six parents with their 15 F2 progeny and backcrosses to each parent. Genotypes were grown in various environments and artificially inoculated with an aggressive isolate of F. culmorum. FHB was assessed, by visual rating, as the mean of four to five individual ratings of disease development. Heterosis for FHB was of little importance. The correlation between the FHB rating of F1 crosses and their mid‐parent performance was close. GCA was the predominant source of variation, although the significance of the SCA variance also implied non‐additive allelic interaction. The preponderance of additive gene effects is encouraging for increasing resistance by a recurrent selection programme. The relationship between the GCA effect of a parent and its per se performance was close, which gives the possibility of predicting FHB resistance in F1 crosses. Additive effects were predominant in the F2 progeny and also in the backcrosses. Transgressive segregants could not be detected. Searching for them should be postponed to the F3 or later generations.
Evaluating genetic relationships in seed impatiens, Impatiens walleriana, using AFLP profiling
Authors: Carr J. , Korban S. S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAlthough seed impatiens is the leading bedding plant in the US, little work has been conducted on evaluating the genetic variability present in this crop. In this study, amplified fragment length polymorphism technology was utilized to determine the level of polymorphism present across 20 commercial cultivars of seed impatiens, to assess their genetic variability, and to investigate their genetic relatedness. A total of eight EcoRI and MseI primer combinations were used for polymerase chain reaction amplification. Fluorescence‐labelled amplification products were subjected to electrophoresis and then analysed using an automated sequencer. High levels of polymorphism were detected among all 20 cultivars for all primer combinations tested. Gower's Genetic Dissimilarity estimates for the entire set of cultivars ranged from 1.000 to 0.316. The dendogram generated from these dissimilarity data revealed a number of groupings, including one major division which placed all of the cultivars into one of two groups. The implications of these results on genetic variability, genotypic relationships and genetic diversity in seed impatiens is discussed.
An AFLP‐based linkage map of Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica)
Authors: Cai H. , Inoue M. , Yuyama N. , Nakayama S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTo construct an amplified‐fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)‐based molecular linkage map of zoysiagrass, the selfed progenies of a clone consisting of 78 individuals were analysed using 471 AFLP markers derived from 126 PstI/MseI primer combinations. Of these markers, 364 were grouped into 26 linkage groups. The maps covered a total length of 932.5 cM, with an average spacing of 2.6 cM between markers. This information proves useful for gene targeting, quantitative trait loci mapping, and marker‐assisted selection in zoysiagrass.
Late heading of perennial ryegrass caused by introducing an Arabidopsis homeobox gene
Authors: van der Valk P. , Proveniers M. C. G. , Pertijs J. H. , Lamers J. T. W. H. , van Dun C. M. P. , Smeekens J. C. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPerennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is the most important temperate forage grass species. Unfortunately, the nutritional value of perennial ryegrass declines as maturity progresses, mainly because of a high concentration of poorly digestible compounds in inflorescences. Therefore, the development of forage‐type ryegrass varieties with extended vegetative growth is of interest for agriculture. To delay floral transition in perennial ryegrass the Arabidopsis ATH1 gene driven by the maize ubiquitin promoter, the rice actin promoter or the rice OSH1 promoter, respectively was introduced. In ATH1‐expressing plants heading was delayed, and in a number of cases the plants never flowered at all. Such non‐ or late‐heading was accompanied by the outgrowth of normally quiescent lateral meristems into extra leaves, resulting in a leafy growth habit. When eventually heading, these plants generally produced a reduced number of inflorescences. These observations suggest that ATH1‐mediated delay of heading may be useful to improve fodder quality of perennial ryegrass.
A simple method to control the seed purity of japonica hybrid rice varieties using PCR‐based markers
Authors: Komori T. , Nitta N. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) by the cms‐bo cytoplasm and its restoration by the nuclear restorer gene, Rf‐1, are used for seed production of japonica hybrid rice varieties. To produce pure hybrid seeds, a prerequisite is to properly manage the seed purity of parental lines, especially CMS lines. In this study, three dominant polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based markers (M1, M2 and M3) were developed to detect mutual contamination in seed batches of CMS lines, maintainer lines, restorer lines and hybrids. M1 detected the mitochondrial sequence that was present in the cytoplasm of common japonica varieties and absent in the cms‐bo cytoplasm. M2 and M3 detected the chromosomal sequence related to the Rf‐1 allele in restorer lines and the rf‐1 allele in common japonica varieties, respectively. By the strategic use of these markers, japonica hybrids and their parental lines could be efficiently distinguished from each other. Furthermore, sensitivity tests for the three markers with a series of crude DNA samples prepared from polished grains demonstrated that these markers could detect one contaminating grain among 500 or 1000 grains. Therefore, the bulk PCR analyses with the markers developed here probably make it possible to control the seed purity of japonica hybrids properly by selecting appropriate seed batches of their parental lines quickly and efficiently.
Efficient low‐cost DNA extraction and multiplex fluorescent PCR method for marker‐assisted selection in breeding
Authors: Frey J. E. , Frey B. , Sauer C. , Kellerhals M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMarker‐assisted selection (MAS) is an increasingly important tool in current breeding efforts for improved crop plants and animal breeds. It enables detection of favourable alleles in early developmental stages and thus may result in substantial cost savings. Until now, however, the high costs of the required chemicals and materials, together with the still very labour‐intensive methods, have been an obstacle to widespread application of MAS. A new multiplex‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based method has been developed for reliable low‐cost, high‐throughput screening. By its use 3366 apple seedlings were screened with an average hands‐on time from DNA extraction to data ready for analysis of < 4 h per 96 plants, and at a cost below US$ 0.5 per marker per plant. Factors that have a strong effect on segregation ratios such as elevated levels of outcrossing are easily detected, as a significant correlation was observed between deviation from expected segregation ratios in some affected markers and the level of outcrossing in a cross. The new method is suitable for many crop species and, provided that suitable buffers are used for DNA extraction, for animals too.
Molecular evaluation of genetic variability in wild populations of mulberry (Morus serrata Roxb.)
Authors: Vijayan K. , Kar P. K. , Tikader A. , Srivastava P. P. , Awasthi A. K. , Thangavelu K. , Saratchandra B. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSixteen populations of the wild mulberry, Morus serrata Roxb., were analysed for their genetic diversity with the aim of using them in introgressive breeding programmes with cultivated relatives. Five genets from each population were collected from different natural populations of M. serrata present in Uttaranchal and Himachal Pradesh in India, and diversity of morpho‐anatomical traits and inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were studied. Significant amounts of genetic diversity were observed among these populations for morpho‐anatomical as well as DNA markers. The 17 ISSR primers generated a total of 95 DNA markers, 51 of which were polymorphic, revealing 67% polymorphism among the populations. The pair‐wise genetic distance, estimated from these DNA markers varied from 0.091 between Urgam‐3 and Kathpuria to 0.258 between Dakrakao‐1 and Dunda with an average genetic distance of 0.165. Clustering analysis grouped these 16 populations into three broad groups. The grouping showed a moderate correlation with the geographical distances. Based on the morphological traits and molecular genetic variability, plants of Urgam‐1, Bhowali farm, Nainitikar, Dunda or Korwa‐2 can be selected for breeding and conservation programmes.
Introgression of disease resistance genes from Arachis kempff‐mercadoi into cultivated groundnut
Authors: Mallikarjuna N. , Pande S. , Jadhav D. R. , Sastri D. C. , Rao J. N. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract Arachis kempff‐mercadoi is a wild species from the section Arachis. All kempff‐mercadoi accessions originate from the Santa Cruz province of Bolivia and they represent Arachis species with the A genome. From molecular analysis it was found that although cultivated A. hypogaea is made up of A and B genomes, A. kempff‐mercadoi may not be as closely related to it as are some of the other A genome species. Arachis kempff‐mercadoi is of interest because it has multiple disease resistance. It was crossed with a Spanish A. hypogaea cultivar which is susceptible to foliar diseases and to the insect pest Spodoptera litura. The success rate of the cross A. hypogaea (2n = 40) ×A. kempff‐mercadoi (2n = 20) was very low, but it could be increased by culturing immature seeds in vitro. Although the hybrids were triploids, a few fertile pollen grains were obtained due to the formation of restitution nuclei in the F1 plants. Interspecific derivatives at the BC2F2 generation were scored for early leaf spot, late leaf spot and to Spodoptera damage. Screening results showed that 29% of the derivatives had both early and late leaf spot resistance and that less than 5% of the derivatives had resistance to both the foliar diseases and to Spodoptera.