bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of brazed plate heat exchanger performance based on experimental and coupled heat-fluid-solid numerical simulation
Authors: Wang Yujie , Ding Shuhuan , Yan Aibin , Wang Fu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A physical and mathematical model of a complete brazed plate heat exchanger (BPHE) with three layers and two channels was presented. Experiments were conducted on the BPHE using water as the fluid, and the experimental results were compared with the simulation results in terms of heat transfer efficiency and pressure drop. An analysis of the relationship between the Nusselt number and drag factor of the BPHE at a specific Reynolds was also provided, with a focus on identifying any errors. Furthermore, the internal flow and heat transfer characteristics of the BPHE were analyzed. The thermal stress and lifetime of the BPHE at different operating temperatures were simulated by using the heat-flow-solid coupling method. The results reveal that the presence of stress concentration points and the thermal stress increases while the lifetime decreases with the rise in operating temperature. In summary, the study demonstrates that the BPHE experiences stress concentration points and their intensity varies with the working temperature, thereby affecting the overall lifetime of the BPHE.
Three-dimensional numerical simulation and structural optimization of large steam ejectors in exhaust gas heat recovery systems
Authors: Hu Linjing , Juan Daxin , Wang Jiachen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
By establishing a three-dimensional mathematical model based on the physical characteristics of the steam ejector and utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, this study conducted three-dimensional numerical simulations to investigate the effects of five key structural parameters, namely, the length of the nozzle diffuser section, the diameter of the nozzle outlet, the length of the contraction section in the mixing chamber, the diameter of the mixing chamber inlet, and the length of the mixing chamber throat, on the ejector performance under identical operating conditions. By fitting 50 sets of simulation data using the least squares method, analytical expressions for these structural parameters in terms of the ejection coefficient μ were obtained. Subsequently, an improved firefly algorithm was employed to identify the optimal combination of structural parameters, followed by simulation verification. The results showed that compared to the single-factor sensitivity analysis method, the improved firefly algorithm obtained a superior combination of structural parameters, resulting in a 2.03% enhancement in the ejection performance of the steam ejector.
Parallel active power filter based on single-phase independent control
Authors: Zhang Xun , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Wu Yuelin , Cao Bin , Yue Wenyan , Li Yao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
With the rapid development of high-voltage power grids and power electronics technology, the integration of numerous power electronic devices has led to a significant increase in harmonic pollution in power grids. Consequently, the demand for high-voltage and large-capacity active power filters has become increasingly urgent. This article introduces a novel approach using single-phase independent control and proposes a parallel active power filter based on magnetic flux compensation. This filter not only enhances power quality but also achieves three-phase decoupling control. It is specifically designed for medium and high-voltage three-phase three-wire power systems. Simulation experiments were conducted to validate the efficacy of the proposed active power filter, demonstrating its ability to effectively reduce the total harmonic distortion rate at the grid connection point and subsequently improve power quality.
Research on combustion process optimization of marine diesel engines based on dual-injector system
Authors: Liu Long , Wang Xinhao , Liu Dai , Mao Wure , Xiong Feng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Marine diesel engines are widely used with their strong power and mature technology. However, in recent years, the emphasis on environmental protection has made combustion pollutants the focus of attention, and the new regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and various countries have put forward new requirements and challenges for diesel engine combustion and emission performance. Due to the large size and large amount of circulating fuel injection, the incomplete mixing of fuel in the cylinder and the local violent combustion of high-power medium-speed marine diesel engines are important reasons for low thermal efficiency and high pollutant emissions. To achieve efficient and clean combustion of fuel in the cylinder, a dual-injector combustion system is designed on a dual-fuel engine basis, aiming to add a micro-injection before the central injection and provide positive in-cylinder flow and hot atmosphere for the atomized combustion of the central-injection fuel, so that the combustion in the cylinder is reasonably arranged, the thermal efficiency is improved and NOx emissions are reduced. The 3D simulation model was established by CFD software CONVERGE, and the physical model was calibrated according to the data of the pure diesel mode of the dual-fuel engine, and the influence of the small pilot-injection fuel volume on the development of spray and combustion in the cylinder at high and low load was analyzed. It was found that the small pilot-injection fuel volume at a high load had little effect on the atomization evaporation of the main-injection fuel and the hot atmosphere in the cylinder, so the improvement effect of combustion quality was not obvious, while the pilot-injection volume with the same pilot-injection capacity as high load relatively accounted for a large proportion at the low load with a small cycle injection volume. Without changing the injector specification settings of the original dual-fuel engine, the thermal efficiency was increased by 6.13% and the NOx generation was reduced by 22.42% by optimizing the injection timing, injection duration, and injection amount.
Chemical kinetic model of cross-reactions between toluene reference fuel and tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Lu Heng , Zhang Qingfeng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A chemical kinetic model was developed for a multicomponent gasoline surrogate consisting of Tetrahydrofuran (THF), iso-octane, n-heptane, and toluene, covering some cross-reactions. The mechanism included 1954 species and 7908 reactions. It was verified that the outcomes agreed with the experimental observations of each pure component and its diverse mixtures. The surrogates perform better in forecasting experimental values due to the THF. The impact of cross-reactions was discussed about the ignition delays. The research found two cross-reactions, one between alkyl peroxyl radicals and pure components and one between benzyl peroxyl radicals and pure components (Types 2 and 3, respectively). Of these, Type 2 affected deceleration, and Type 3 on acceleration. Cross-reactions could increase the sensitivity coefficient for OH sensitivity analysis, promoting CH3 and O2 to produce HCHO. Combined with PSR species profiles, olefins, CO, and HCHO were the main products of oxidation. However, SENKIN and PREMIX simulations did not find the effect of cross-reactions within the intermediates.
Research on the application technology of lead acid batteries for mining electric vehicles
Authors: Zhang Zhiyao , Zhou Dehua , Wang Zhiwei , Zhao Yuan , Guo Zhijun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
As a power source, ordinary explosion-proof large-capacity lead-acid batteries have been widely used in underground explosion-proof lead-acid battery scrapers and support trucks, but there are some problems, such as too long charging time, the need to manually add distilled water regularly, and the inability to realize intelligent management. In this paper, the mine special valve-regulated lead-carbon lead-acid battery with capacitance characteristics is applied to the explosion-proof heavy-duty electric drive car, which can shorten the charging time to about 1/5 of that of the ordinary lead-acid battery and reduce the labor maintenance cost. Through multi-sensor fusion technology, an online monitoring and intelligent expert management system for the explosion-proof battery is constructed, which can remotely monitor the real-time state of the battery. It can find out the causes of battery failure, give an alarm in advance, and prolong the service life of the battery pack, which is conducive to the further popularization and use of underground electric-driven trackless rubber tires.
Line fault location of flexible DC distribution network based on adaptive noise empirical mode decomposition
Authors: Chen Shengbin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A fault location method for flexible DC distribution network lines is proposed to address the issues of insufficient decomposition in fault signal extraction and the complexity of traveling wave head detection. The method combines adaptive noise empirical mode decomposition (CEEMDAN) and Teager energy operator (TEO). Firstly, CEEMDAN is used to adaptively denoise the line mode signal and obtain the optimal modal component to overcome modal aliasing and insufficient decomposition in signal separation. Then, the reach time of the fault traveling wave is determined by using TEO. Ultimately, the fault location is accurately determined by employing both ends of the traveling wave ranging technique. Through the combination of software PSCAD and MATLAB, the simulation experiment of the line fault is carried out. This means that the method can quickly and precisely identify the location of faults in a system.
Application of separate layer water injection in high differential pressure wells
Authors: Zheng Yong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
With the development of a heavy fine-RRB-layering system and dynamic adjustment, the number of large differential pressure wells increases gradually. The effect of high-pressure difference wells on water injection development is that it is difficult to separate water injection allocation, low pass rate of layers and short effective period of separate sealing, which affects the development effect of water flooding. For this reason, the research on stratified water injection technology with large pressure differences is carried out using step-by-step throttling. The throttling pressure difference borne by the water nozzle is reduced. The large throttling pressure difference produced by the water nozzle is realized. The qualified rate of the layer section is increased to improve the anti-creep performance of the expansion Packer and the sealing effect of large pressure difference injection wells and to extend the service life of the Packer. The field application results of 216 wells in the Shengli Oil Field show that the technique can effectively improve the pass rate of the layers and the sealing effect of the layers and prolong the life of the string.
Study on the direct current properties of ultraviolet crosslinked epdm rubber
Authors: Yang Hongda , Chen Shiyu , Xu Minhu , Liu Heqian , Zhang Peng , Li Zhongyuan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) is widely used as an insulation material in power equipment due to its excellent insulation performance. This article studies the method of preparing EPDM rubber composites by UV cross-linking. It analyzes three traditional functional auxiliary cross-linking agents, namely allyl isocyanurate (TAIC), trimethylolpropane trimethyl Effects of methyl acrylate (TMPTMA), and N, N′-m-phenylene bismaleimide (N, N′) on the DC properties of EPDM rubber. Experimental results show that all three auxiliary cross-linking agents can effectively improve the DC conductivity of EPDM, and (N, N′) are the most effective. Thermal stimulation current (TSC) results show that the addition of N, N′ makes the traps of EPDM shallower. Based on density functional theory (DFT), the electrostatic potential of N, N’ molecules is calculated. The increase in DC conductivity of EPDM is because the N, N′ molecules have larger conjugated electron areas, forming a larger conductive area within the molecules, which is conducive to charge carrier transport.
Adaptability evaluation of anti-corrosion oil pipe materials for water injection wells
Authors: Sun Xinning , Qu Huimin , Wang Cong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The study considers the characteristics of complex working conditions of water injection wells in Shengli Oil Field, high salinity and hardness of water injection, corrosive gases, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and other corrosion and scaling factors. By comparing N80, the corrosion performance of four commonly used anti-corrosion tubing in Shengli Oil Field, namely, nitriding, tungsten plating, titanium nano, and titanium molybdenum, was systematically evaluated. Key factors affecting oil pipe corrosion were summarized through the grey correlation statistical analysis method. Corrosive gas is the key factor affecting N80, tungsten plating, and nitriding test pieces. Mineralization is the key factor affecting titanium nano and titanium molybdenum-coated oil pipes. Using N80 as a comparison, the scale formation on the surface of four types of anti-corrosion test pieces was evaluated. The surface of the four types of anti-corrosion test pieces was mainly composed of calcium carbonate scale. Among these, the scale crystal density of nitrided and titanium molybdenum test pieces was high, and the scale adhesion was relatively tight. The density of scale crystals on the surface of titanium nano and tungsten-plated specimens is sparse, and the adhesion is weak. On the surface of N80, there are both calcium carbonate and many corrosion products.
Ce-doped MgO films on AZ31 alloy substrate for biomedical applications: preparation, characterization and testing
Authors: Hattab Marwa , Ben Hassen Samia , Spriano Silvia , Ferraris Sara , Cernea Marin , Ben Amor Yasser 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Magnesium ions, MgO nanoparticles and thin films, magnesium alloys and cerium compounds are materials intensively studied due to their corrosion protection, antibacterial and pharmacological properties. In this work, we have designed, prepared and investigated, novel thin films of MgO doped with cerium, deposited on Mg alloy (AZ31) for temporary implants, in order to enhance their life time. More precisely, we report on microstructure and corrosion behavior of MgO pure and doped with 0.1 at % Ce films, fabricated by sol–gel route coupled with spin-coating technique, on AZ31 alloy substrate. A modified sol–gel method that start from magnesium acetylacetonate, cerium nitrate and 2–methoxyethanol (as a stabilizer for the sol) was been used successfully for cerium doped MgO sol precursor preparation. The structure and morphology of the surface of the coatings, before and after immersion for 7–30 d in Hank’s solution at 37 °C, were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier infrared transmittance spectrum (FT–IR). A comparison between the corrosion protection of undoped MgO and MgO doped with 0.1 at % Ce coatings on the AZ31 alloy substrate is performed by electrochemical tests and immersion tests using open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in Hank’s solution, at 37 °C. The electrochemical results showed that the protection of the AZ31 alloy substrate against corrosion was better with the doped with 0.1 at % Ce MgO film deposited than with pure MgO coting. The investigations of the films after immersion in Hank’s solution, at 37 °C, for 7, 21 and 30 d indicated that the grown layer on the film is bone like apatite that suggests a good bioactivity of 0.1 at % Ce–doped MgO coating. Our work demonstrates that the performance corrosion protection of the biodegradable magnesium alloys used for orthopedic applications, in simulated physiological environments (Hank and Ringer) can be enhanced through coating with Ce3+ doped MgO sol–gel thin film.
Cropland abandonment in the context of drought, economic restructuring, and migration in northeast Syria
Authors: Eklund Lina , Mohr Berit , Dinc Pinar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Farmland abandonment is often associated with biophysical, political, or socio-economic changes, like droughts, economic reforms, rural-urban migration, or armed conflicts. Syria has seen several such changes in the period between 2000–2011, however, few assessments of how these factors have interacted with land abandonment have been carried out. In this study we investigate land abandonment patterns in northeast Syria, using a land use classification based on satellite data to indicate agricultural drought impacts and land abandonment. We combine these data with information on land use and migration patterns collected through a unique fieldwork, including surveys and interviews with Syrian farmers who had migrated to Turkey. Our analysis shows that drought coincided with a strong drop in cultivated croplands in 2008 and 2009. We also found a comparatively high cropland abandonment between 2001 and 2013, however no strong increases during or after drought years. Local insights indicate that migration took place during both normal years and drought years, and that most migrants had abandoned their lands after leaving Syria. We suggest that long-term mismanagement of water resources along with changes in the political economy, drove land abandonment in northeast Syria between 2001 and 2010. After 2011, armed conflict likely drove abandonment, but rates remained similar to the pre-conflict period. We discuss the potential of land abandonment as an indicator of rural migration in areas where migration data is sparse and conclude that more research is needed to understand the migration-land abandonment nexus, particularly in the Middle East.
Evaluation of road performance and micro-mechanism analysis of bentonite plastic concrete subgrade
Authors: Guoming Zhang , Xiaolin Liang , Zenghui Zhang , Xincong Zhu , Min Lv , Guiyong Bao , Jiacai Yang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study evaluated the performance of bentonite plasticized concrete with good deformation coordination as a road base material, to address the poor deformation coordination of rigid base layers in roads. Through tests such as slump, strength, permeability, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD), the study analyzed the variations in workability, mechanical properties, and durability of plastic concrete as a base material under different bentonite and cement contents, as well as the underlying micro-mechanisms. The results showed that plastic concrete exhibited good workability, which improved with increased bentonite and cement content. The 28-day mechanical properties of the plastic concrete met the design criteria for road base layers and had features of higher load-bearing capacity, good toughness, slow strength attenuation, and overall integrity. In durability, the increase of bentonite content enhanced the concrete’s permeability, but decreased abrasivenes and shrinkage. From economic, performance, and engineering perspectives, the optimal bentonite and cement contents for the plastic concrete base were in the ranges of 90 kg m−3 to 120 kg m−3 and 110 kg m−3 to 150 kg m−3, respectively.
Influence of Mg/Si ratio on the microstructure and formability of 6061 cast-rolled sheets
Authors: Sun Yu-Chong , Jin Yao-Hui , Xu Zhen , Zhao Tan , Wang Ning , Zhu Long-Hao , Geng Jie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Three kinds of 6061 aluminum alloy cast-rolled plates with Mg/Si mass ratios of 1.23, 1.45, and 1.7 are prepared using NF6–300 vertical twin-roll casting and rolling mill. Metallurgical microscope (OM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), room temperature tensile test, and other analysis methods studied the influence law and mechanism of Mg/Si ratio on the microstructure and texture of 6061 cast-rolled sheet. The best Mg/Si ratio cast-rolled sheet is then analyzed for formability. Research indicates that with increasing Mg/Si ratio, the grain size shows first decreasing and then increasing trend. Morphology of precipitated phases at the edge and the central of the sheet are different, however, the texture type has no obvious change, and a strong {112} 〈110〉 texture and weaker rotating cube {001} 〈110〉 texture is always observed. When the Mg/Si ratio is 1.45, the average grain size is the smallest, the edge size is 39.78 μm, the central size is 31.31 μm, and the precipitated phase is evenly distributed at the edge and central of the cast-rolled sheet. In addition, the elongation reaches 8.9%, the n-value is 0.072, and the r-value is 1.161 when the cast-rolled sheet reaches 90° along the cast-rolled direction under T6 state heat treatment.
Effects of yttrium doping on high-temperature oxidation, friction, and wear properties of CrAlN films
Authors: Wang Yuxing , Wang Dong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the deposition of CrAlYN nanomultilayer films with different yttrium (Y) contents on M2 tool steel and single-crystal Si wafer using unbalanced magnetron-sputtering ion-plating technology. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic and scanning morphologies, x-ray diffraction pattern, energy dispersive spectra, nanoindentation, high-temperature oxidation, and high-temperature tribological analyses show that CrAlYN nanomultilayer films have a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure with a modulation period of CrN/YN+AlN/CrN/AlN. CrAlYN films exhibit optimal mechanical performance when Y content is 1.13at%. However, a substantial drop occurs when Y content increases to 2.67at%. As Y content increases, the high-temperature oxidation resistance, friction, and wear of CrAlYN films first increase and then decrease. Notably, films with the Y content of 1.13at% have optimal resistance to high-temperature oxidation, friction, and wear.
Integrating subsystem embedding subalgebras and coupled cluster Green’s function: a theoretical foundation for quantum embedding in excitation manifold
Authors: Peng Bo , Kowalski Karol 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, we introduce a novel approach to coupled-cluster Green’s function (CCGF) embedding by seamlessly integrating conventional CCGF theory with the state-of-the-art sub-system embedding sub-algebras coupled cluster (SES-CC) formalism. This integration focuses primarily on delineating the characteristics of the sub-system and the corresponding segments of the Green’s function, defined explicitly by active orbitals. Crucially, our work involves the adaptation of the SES-CC paradigm, addressing the left eigenvalue problem through a distinct form of Hamiltonian similarity transformation. This advancement not only facilitates a comprehensive representation of the interaction between the embedded sub-system and its surrounding environment but also paves the way for the quantum mechanical description of multiple embedded domains, particularly by employing the emergent quantum flow algorithms. Our theoretical underpinnings further set the stage for a generalization to multiple embedded sub-systems. This expansion holds significant promise for the exploration and application of non-equilibrium quantum systems, enhancing the understanding of system–environment interactions. In doing so, the research underscores the potential of SES-CC embedding within the realm of quantum computations and multi-scale simulations, promising a good balance between accuracy and computational efficiency.