bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lighting and Enlightening Cyberspace: Copyright and Privacy
Authors: Katsh M Ethan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cyberspace. A consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators, in every nation ... A graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system. Unthinkable complexity. Lines of light ranged in the onspace of the mind, clusters and constellations of data William Gibson And God said: “Let there be there light.” And there was light. And God saw the light, that it was good; and God divided the light from the darkness. And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night.-Genesis, Light. An elemental force. A metaphor for purity and truth, wisdom and vision. A symbol of power. A key to mysteries. A power to heal, warm, reveal, provoke. A link to the earliest moments of time and to the most distant future. At one time, only a force of nature and the divine. And, for our generation, the heart of cyberspace. Light and its manipulation are cyberspace. Messages moving at the speed of light.1 Relationships established by beams of light. Hundreds of thousands of lights flashing at us on computer screens.
Elizabeth I
Authors: Frye Susan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Elizabeth I is perhaps the most visible woman in early modern Europe, yet little attention has been paid to what she said about the difficulties of constructing her power in a patriarchal society. This revisionist study examines her struggle for authority through the representation of her female body. Based on a variety of extant historical and literary materials, Frye's interpretation focuses on three representational crises spaced fifteen years apart: the London coronation of 1559, the Kenilworth entertainments of 1575, and the publication of The Faerie Queene in 1590. In ways which varied with social class and historical circumstance, the London merchants, the members of the Protestant faction, courtly artists, and artful courtiers all sought to stabilize their own gendered identities by constructing the queen within the "natural" definitions of the feminine as passive and weak. Elizabeth fought back, acting as a discursive agent by crossing, and thus disrupting, these definitions. She and those closely identified with her interests evolved a number of strategies through which to express her political control in terms of the ownership of her body, including her elaborate iconography and a mythic biography upon which most accounts of Elizabeth's life have been based. The more authoritative her image became, the more vigorously it was contested in a process which this study examines and consciously perpetuates.
Chapter III
Authors: Williams Catharine , Caldwell Patricia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Although consigned to her grave, the image of the murdered maid (for murdered he now no longer doubted she was) continued to haunt the pillow of Mr. Durfee, and he arose on the following day determined to investigate the dark mystery which hung over her fate. A circumstance occurred on this morning to materially increase the evidence of the murder of the young woman. A man in the neighborhood, (Thomas Hart,) while walking near the scene of the sad catastrophe, found about thirty rods from the place, in the direction towards Fall River, a piece of a comb, which upon being shewn to the woman where the deceased boarded, was identified as hers. It was also known by the jeweller who had mended it for her a short time before, by the rivetting, which was peculiar. This piece of comb, evidently broken in a struggle, was carried by Mr. Hart to Mr. Durfee. That gentleman took it, and with that and the piece of paper found in the bandbox, waited on the coroner.*
Chapter VIII
Authors: Williams Catharine , Caldwell Patricia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The circumstances detailed in the life of Avery, need little comment; every one must see in the persecution of Miss Winsor, and the slander of Rev. Mr. Norris, that Avery was a man of wicked, and revengeful, and persecuting temper; and his frequent dosetings in the famous study with females, and the sad and grieved appearance of his wife, speak volumes. When apprehended for the slander against Mr. Norris, he was taken from the desk during a prayer meeting, by Mr. Kimball, a sheriff at Lowell, and was so much frightened as to faint, and several persons then made the remark, that he probably feared it was for some very different offence he was apprehended. But when put under arrest at Bristol for the alleged murder of Miss Cornell, it was said he exhibited great firmness, and during his trial discovered no signs of fear and but little agitation.
Diffuse Pulmonary Infiltrates and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Steinberg Kenneth P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The development of acute respiratory failure in the presence of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates represents one of the most difficult diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas in critical care medicine. Etiologies of this syndrome include a wide variety of diffuse pulmonary infections, direct physical or chemical lung injury, and noninfectious manifestations of extrapulmonary disease processes including severe sepsis.
Encephalitis
Authors: Frizzell R Tyler , Whitley Richard J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The term encephalitis refers to acute or subacute infection of brain tissue. This infection is frequently accompanied by altered mentation, fever, and neurological signs such as seizures. Whatever the etiologic agent, encephalitis can result in significant neurological morbidity and mortality and remains a major public health problem worldwide. The loss of life and productivity is especially tragic because its victims are often young and otherwise healthy individuals. Worldwide, measles and Japanese B encephalitis account for tens of thousands of cases of central nervous system (CNS) infection.
Intravenous Drug Abuse and Infection
Authors: Ruef Christian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A wide variety of infectious diseases have been associated with intravenous drug abuse and these infections are in most cases directly related to the circumstances in which drugs are injected intravenously. Intravenous drug use remains a socially stigmatizing habit and is illegal in most countries. Negative public opinion of intravenous drug users (IDUs), together with law enforcement efforts, contributes to the marginalization of these patients in society.
Ectoparasite-Related Diseases
Authors: Spach David H , Van De Velde Karen M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The term ectoparasite refers to an organism that infests the skin of another animal. These organisms derive sustenance from the host they infest, including those ectoparasites that take a brief blood meal and those that burrow into the skin and remain there for prolonged periods. Arthropods and helminths are the major organisms that act as ectoparasites. The major classes of arthropods associated with human ectoparasitic diseases include arachnids (ticks, mites, and spiders) and insects (lice, chiggers, and flies) (Table 96.1).
Recognition
Authors: White G Edward 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In 1909, six years into his tenure as a Supreme Court justice, Holmes wrote two letters about his work. In the first he said that “my friend and colleague White ... told me the other day that there was no man in the United States whose reputation so little corresponded to what he had done.”1 In the second he said that “I have not had as much recognition as I would like.”2 For Holmes, we have seen, the concept of recognition had been a complex and central one in his professional life. He had chosen to immerse himself in the law, and to forego literature and philosophy, in part because he had not wanted to be recognized as the son of a father who had combined professional and literary skills. He had shown a residual bitterness when the fruits of his early ambition had not been adequately recognized, alluding to the fact that The Common Law and his volume of speeches had largely been ignored and that newspapers had referred to him as a “literary feller” in commenting on his judicial career in Massachusetts.
The Seven Years War (1756-1763) and the Emergence of a New Economic Elite
Authors: Lowenstein Steven M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The seven years of war between Prussia and its French, Austrian, and Russian enemies (1756-1763) have long been recognized as playing an important role in the transformation of Berlin Jewry. Before the war began, the Berlin Jewish community had shown very few signs of being anything but a typical traditional Jewish community. By the end of the war, on the other hand, the conditions were clearly in place for the first phase of the modernization process of Berlin Jewry. The new Jewish elite that emerged during the war would have a double effect on making possible the important cultural transformations of that first phase. First, they would live in a cultural style that had not hitherto been common even for wealthy Berlin Jews. Second, they would become the chief supporters and protectors of a Jewish Enlightenment movement, which came to prominence in the third quarter of the eighteenth century in Berlin. Even though the official policies of Frederick II of Prussia changed little during the latter half of his reign, the emergence of a new acculturated elite induced the government to make increasing numbers of exceptions to its harsh policies. It was during the Seven Years War that the government and outside observers began to think in terms of a small number of “exceptional Jews.”
The Salons
Authors: Lowenstein Steven M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Together with the growing radicalism of the Jewish Enlightenment, there came into existence in Berlin a new informal “institution” based on Romantic principles quite different from those of the rationalist Enlightenment-the Jewish salon. The salons had a considerable intellectual and social influence, both by furthering the activities of the early Romantic movement in Germany and by bringing together social groups that had never before mixed together so intimately (nobles and commoners, Jews and Gentiles, men and women). Because of its combination of intellectual and social iconoclasm, the Jewish salon has been seen as a prototype of the general crisis of Berlin Jewish society of its time. The relationship between what occurred in the limited social group involved in the salons and the much broader circles affected by the crisis of Berlin Jewry is complex. Although the deeds of the talented and well-known women of the salon such as Rahel Varnhagen, Henriette Herz, and Dorothea Schlegel have found their place in German literary history, the salon’s relationship to the wider events in Berlin Jewry was more that of a reflection than a direct influence. The crossreligious love affairs, emotionally motivated conversions, and the unconventional ideas of the few dozen Jewish habitues of the salon did not cause other Berlin Jews to do likewise. But these social phenomena occurred in an intellectual and social atmosphere in which such happenings were by no means rare. Outside the salons, too, many Berlin Jews broke all previous conventions by seeking romance outside of marriage and outside the Jewish community and by abandoning their ancestral religion for the religion of the majority.
Family, Ideology, and Crisis: The Personal Connections Between the Enlightened and the Converts
Authors: Lowenstein Steven M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the sixty years between 1770 and 1830, Berlin Jewry went through some radical changes, which have been described in the earlier chapters of this book. When we attempt to analyze the connections between the seemingly disparate events of the period-the appearance of the Jewish Enlightenment, the movement for religious reform, the crisis of conversion and illegitimacy-we can use various categories of social analysis, including wealth and occupation. Such categories enable the researcher to make some very general and approximate judgments about the interconnections between the events. To arrive at more direct and more clearly provable connections between various types of behavior during the crisis, however, we turn to collective biography and the tracing of family connections. The use of family relationships as a category of analysis proves fruitful for a number of reasons. First, the nature of the surviving documentation as well as the remarkable genealogical studies of Jacob Jacobson make it possible to trace the behavior of hundreds of Berlin Jewish families over several generations. In addition, by following the actions of relatives, clear patterns emerge, demonstrating that family relationships were indeed significant in influencing decisions involving both ideological commitment and retention or rejection of Jewish identity. Finally, it stands to reason that the personal influence of the family would have an important effect on ideological and identity decisions that would touch the personal lives of the people making those decisions. The Jewish family has always been viewed as one of the chief instruments for the transmission and survival of the Jewish tradition. It is the family that is responsible for the early education and cultural milieu of its members, and these influences often continue well into adulthood.
The War of the Fists
Authors: Davis Robert C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Venetian workers and tradesmen would gather on a Sunday or holiday afternoon to battle with their fists or with sticks for possession of a bridge. Known as the “little battles on the bridges”, these encounters enjoyed enough popularity to generate their own literature of poems, prose and etchings and were superbly chronicled over forty years by an anonymous source fortuitously discovered by the author. From these materials, and in the fashion of cultural historians such as Robert Darnton and Carlo Ginsburg, Robert Davis offers an analysis of these battles as examples of “deep play” that reveal otherwise hidden cultural traits about individual and collective honor, and the social structure of seventeenth century Venetian plebeian society. He argues that workers devoted themselves to these bloody, near archic battles as a means of reacting to the centralization of civic power and civic ritual in the hands of the aristocracy. The author’s unique material enables him to offer startling evidence on a range of civic and cultural issues. He demonstrates why bridges were the obvious locations in aquatic Venice for the public display of youthful virility. He also looks at the organization of the fighting and argues that the bridge battles over time moved away from mass popular melees into organized versions of early-modern sport. The public celebrations that followed victory at the bridge also throw light on the nature and intensity of civic festival in seventeenth century Vencie. And, most interesting of all, Davis argues that the authorities’ inability to control a popular event that it declared illegal over fifty times in a period of two hundered years is evidence of the chronic practical limits of state power and of elites wtihdrawing from involvement with the popular world. This novel work will be of interest to scholars and students of early modern Europe, Renaissance history, popular culture, labor history, and urban studies.
Introduction: The Current State of Coleridge’s Poetic Texts
Authors: Stillinger Jack 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Coleridge’s reputation as a writer rests on The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Kubla Khan, Christabel, four meditative lyrics mostly in blank verse that have come to be known as his Conversation poems (The Eolian Harp, This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison, Frost at Midnight, and Dejection: An Ode),and a handful of richly suggestive and influential passages--chiefly about the nature of poetry, organic unity, and the creative imagination-from his most enduring work in prose, Bio graphia Literaria.
Coleridge as Reviser
Authors: Stillinger Jack 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2, though it does not strenuously avoid mentioning Coleridge as an active agent in the creation of his texts, was mostly written from an Old Critical and (as it were) New Textual point of view: these are the multiple versions that the modem textual scholar can identify-from the assembled array of manuscripts, early printings, annotated copies, and the like-and these are some of the effects that the modem critic or reader can perceive as resulting from the most interesting differences among the versions.
The Constitutional Revolution of 1937
Authors: Leuchtenburg William E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In common with many other nations during the Great Depression, the United States undertook a vast increase in the power of the State. Before Franklin D. Roosevelt’s inauguration in March ·1933, the national government, the political scientist V. 0. Key later noted, “had been a remote authority with a limited range of activity. It operated the postal system, improved rivers and harbors, maintained armed forces on a scale fearsome only to banana republics, and performed other functions of which the average citizen was hardly aware.”1 But in FDR’s First Hundred Days, the New Deal Congress enacted fifteen laws, including such precedent-shattering statutes as the National Industrial Recovery Act, which sanctioned the cartelization of industry; the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which subsidized staple farmers; the Tennessee Valley Authority law, which launched. an ambitious experiment in public power development and regional planning; and a series of measures establishing federal responsibility for relief of the unemployed.
Self-Determination: A Foundational Principle
Authors: Anaya S James 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
No discussion of indigenous peoples’ rights under international law is complete without a discussion of self-determination, a principle of the highest order within the contemporary international system. Indigenous peoples have repeatedly articulated their demands in terms of self-determination, and, in turn, self-determination precepts have fuelled the international movement in favor of those demands. Affirmed in the United Nations Charter1 and other major international legal instruments,2 self-determination is widely acknowledged to be a principle of customary international law and even jus cogens, a peremptory norm. Mention of self determination within contemporary political discourse has at times raised the spectre of destabilization and even violent turmoil. And indeed, as many have observed, self-determination rhetoric has been invoked in the world of late in association with extremist political posturing and ethnic chauvinism. Furthermore, a number of states have resisted express usage of the term self-determination in articulating indigenous · peoples’ rights.5 But notwithstanding rhetorical extremism or aversion to express invocation of the term self-determination, the concept underlying the term entails a certain nexus of widely shared values. These values and related processes of decision can be seen as a stabilizing force in the international system and as foundational to international law’s contemporary treatment of indigenous peoples.
Slaveholders’ “Hellish Principles”: A Seventeenth-Century Critique
Authors: Vaughan Alden T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Although British colonists generally interacted with the native population in each Nwth American colony many decades before they began to import African labor, in England s island colonies African slavery usually preceded Indian-white contact and was always more prominent. That was especially true of Barbados, where the natives had succumbed to disease and warfare before the English launched a major colonizing effect in the late z620s. A few Indians were subsequently brought to the island as workers, but the principal labor force consisted (initially) of white indentured servants and then (very quickly) of African slaves. Dominating the political, economic, and religious life of the island were the plantation owners, who resented any suggestion that their way of life was contrary to the sound principles of God and England. Not surprisingly, a few bold critics challenged that position, most notably an Anglican clergyman who spent about a decade on Barbados and who wrote several highly condemnatory tracts after his return to England.
Speaking before All Others: Interpretation as the Suppression of Disagreement
Authors: Nagel Robert F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The outraged criticisms of Attorney General Meese’s speech described in the preceding chapter have their judicial analogue in the Supreme Court’s reaction to state laws challenging Roe v. Wade. In 1992, twenty years after Roe was decided, the Court emphatically reaffirmed the holding that abortion is a constitutionally protected right in Planned Parenthood v. Casey. Noting the sustained public resistance to its initial abortion decision, the Court said that to overrule Roe while ‘under fire’ would threaten ‘the character of a Nation of people who aspire to live according to the rule of law.
Pursuing Visions: Interpretation as Moral Evasion
Authors: Nagel Robert F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
as Moral Evasion
The constitutional decisions of the Supreme Court are political not merely in the sense that they are based on considerations that go beyond the traditionally legalistic but also in the more specific sense that they take account of political reactions to judicial interpretations. This is, I have suggested, simultaneously widely known and widely denied. It is both a commonplace and a heresy. It is desirable and intolerable. As the abortion cases demonstrate, it happens most dramatically while being denied most emphatically. It is not surprising, then, that the Court’s constitutional opinions, both liberal and conservative, are often written in a way that masks significant considerations. These opinions tend to be long, detailed, and professional. Consequently, the cases indicate a direction and a sense of urgency without revealing any animating vision or underlying judgment. The stream of words is insistent but fundamentally ineffective, baffling. Sentences, paragraphs, pages are massed to distinguish, say, ‘core political speech’ from ‘commercial speech’ or ‘symbolic speech,’ yet the doctrinal consequences of these categories often appear to be (despite the sound and fury) inconsequential or nonexistent.1 Moreover, even where some doctrinal difference can be identified, the outcomes of the cases often cannot be traced to those differences.
Hillary Clinton as Rorschach Test
Authors: Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hat is sauce for the gander has until recently been poison for the goose. We see this in press treatment of and citizen reaction to Hillary Clinton, which manifest the binds that tie women in the public sphere. “Coverage of Hillary Clinton is a massive Rorschach test of the evolution of women in our society,” observed Betty Friedan. The mirror that segments of society hold up reflects some dark and ugly sentiments as well as some nobler ones. “What do you call a cross between a draft-dodger and a dyke?” asks a caller on Kevin McCarthy’s call-in radio show in Dallas on March 25, 1994. “Chelsea.” “What do you call the meanest woman in the world?” “Tonya Rodham Bobbitt.” At issue in public and private discussions of Hillary Clinton first in the campaign and then in the White House were fundamental and to some extent unresolved relationships between concepts taken as antithetical for women by those of our grandmothers’ generation: women versus power, work versus marriage, childrearing versus career.