bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of project reentry
Authors: Mann Philip A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis report describes a project designed to return to regular classrooms a group of rural poor elementary schoolchildren who were suspected of having been misplaced in special classes for the educable mentally retarded. At the end of the 3‐year project, more than half the children were returned to regular classrooms, with proportionately more boys than girls being returned. The total sample of Project students gained significantly in verbal IQ over the course of the project, compared with a sample of students who remained in special education classes. The implications of the project for research, intervention programs, and educational practices are discussed.
Individual differences and task structure in the performance of a behavior setting: An experimental evaluation of Barker's manning theory
Authors: PerkinS David V. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBarker's theory of “undermanning” has attracted interest for its potential applications to a variety of problems in community psychology, although to date little attention has been given to mediating factors such as individual differences and the organizational structure of the setting task. The present study crossed two levels each of manning, task structure, and manipulated “competence” over 56 independent replications of a laboratory‐based behavior setting. Direct observations of subject behavior confirmed that participants in undermanned settings worked harder, held more different positions, performed more difficult and more important jobs, and spent more time in the task‐related areas of the setting, than did subjects in overmanned groups. However, interactions with the task and competence factors attenuated several of the manning effects, and undermanning's hypothesized influences on the subjective experiences of setting occupants were not found.
Social support: Its structure and impact on marital disruption
Authors: Caldwell Robert A. , Bloom Bernard L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAvailability of social support has been hypothesized to play a role in influencing adjustment to marital disruption either directly or by moderating the debilitating effects of stress. Yet previous research has not adequately conceptualized or measured the nature and availability of social support. In an effort to learn more about the structure and impact of social support as it relates to marital disruption, 50 newly separated men and women were interviewed at 2 months and again at 8 months after their separations. The structure of social support was found to include (a) several important sources of support, including family, friends, and the larger community; (b) an index of social activity; and (c) a sense of satisfaction with present marital status. Although the stress associated with separation was positively related to poorer adjustment, certain aspects of social support were found to moderate this relationship.
Economic indicators of mental health service utilization in rural Appalachia
Authors: Banziger George , Smith Richard K. , Foos David 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis exploratory study examined the relative predictive strengths of selected economic factors (welfare cases, banking activity, unemployment, retail sales, motor vehicle sales) for utilization of mental health services (hotline calls, intake at community mental health centers and admissions at mental hospitals) over a 78‐month period in rural Appalachia. Monthly data were tested for autocorrelation and adjusted for seasonality and inflation. Regression analyses indicated that (a) economic factors did account for a considerable portion of variance in mental health factors; (b) these factors predicted mental hospital admissions and hotline calls; (c) strengths of these relationships were quite consistent across the areas sampled, but the directions sometimes were different; (d) welfare factors were the best predictors of utilization; (e) Aid to Families with Dependent Children was generally the best single predictor of utilization, especially when mental health factors were lagged by 3 months. A causative model describing the decision‐making process involved in the utilization of mental health services was presented.
Student perception of school environment and its relationship to mood, achievement, popularity, and adjustment
Authors: Wright Stephanie , Cowen Emory L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis study examined relationships between student perceptions of classroom environment and mood, achievement, popularity, and adjustment, both for students in general and for “problem” (i.e., acting‐out, anxious, and unpopular) children. Subjects included 511 fifth‐ and sixth‐grade students from 23 classes in four suburban schools. Class environment was assessed by responses to a short form of the Classroom Environment Scale (CES). Students also completed mood adjective checklists and peer sociometric ratings. Reading and arithmetic report card grades and achievement test scores were recorded for the school year, and teachers submitted adjustment ratings for all students. Classes, rather than students, were used as the main unit of analysis. For classes in general, high perceived Order and Organization and Affiliation related to greater student popularity. Relationships between perceptions of class environment and the dependent measures were stronger for problem students. For that group, high perceived Order and Organization, Affiliation, and Innovation related to positive mood, greater peer popularity, and teacher ratings indicating more positive adjustment.
Mental health status among Puerto Ricans, Mexican Americans, and Non‐Hispanic whites
Authors: Shrout Patrick E. , Canino Glorisa J. , Bird Hector R. , Rubio-Stipec Maritza , Bravo Milagros , Burnam M. Audrey 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCompared mental health characteristics of island Puerto Ricans to three groups from the Los Angeles Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study: Mexican American immigrants, U.S.‐born Mexican Americans, and Non‐Hispanic whites. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule was used to obtain both diagnostic and symptom scale information about affective disorders, alcohol abuse/dependence, somatization, phobic disorder, and psychotic disorder. Mexican American immigrants had the fewest mental health problems of all groups. Puerto Ricans had more somatization disorder, but less affective and alcohol disorders than U.S‐born Mexican Americans or non‐Hispanic whites. Results are considered in the light of selection factors, relative disadvantage of groups and methodological problems.
The relationship between social support and maternal behaviors and attitudes: A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Andresen Pamela A. , Telleen Sharon L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractUsed meta‐analysis to analyze 66 studies that evaluated the relationship between social support available to the mother and maternal behaviors and attitudes. Investigators sampled relatively homogeneous populations of white, middle‐class, married mothers of young children without physical or mental disabilities. A variety of instruments were used to assess key study variables. Significant correlations existed between both emotional and material support and maternal behaviors. Implications of these findings for funding of family support programs and for professionals working with mothers are discussed.
Secondary heat hyperalgesia induced by melittin in humans
Authors: Sumikura Hiroyuki , Andersen Ole K. , Drewes Asbjorn M. , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMelittin, which is a principal protein of honeybee venom, can induce mechanical hyperalgesia in humans. The characteristics of the melittin induced mechanical hyperalgesia are quantitatively and qualitatively different from those evoked by capsaicin. The aim of the present study was to investigate in detail secondary heat hyperalgesia induced by melittin in humans. In six healthy volunteers, 10 μg of melittin was injected intradermally on the volar forearm, and VAS score to radiant heat stimuli (focused light from a xenon lamp) was assessed around the injection site 5, 30, and 60 min after injection. For normalization purposes, a pain rating index was calculated as the individual heat evoked VAS scores obtained after melittin divided by the individual baseline VAS scores. A two‐way ANOVA revealed a significant increase of the pain rating index over time (F = 3.6; P = 0.03). The pain rating index at 60 min was significantly larger than at 5 min (P = 0.04) and at 30 min (P = 0.03). These results demonstrated slowly developing secondary heat hyperalgesia after injection of melittin. A possible contribution of peripheral inflammatory responses to the manifestation of secondary heat hyperalgesia is suggested, which in reality render the distinction between the primary and secondary area of heat hyperalgesia unnecessary.
Myomectomy during cesarean section
Authors: Kaymak O. , Ustunyurt E. , Okyay R.E. , Kalyoncu S. , Mollamahmutoglu L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the outcome of myomectomy during cesarean section and to compare it with a control group.Materials and methodsUsing a retrospective case‐control design; 40 patients who underwent myomectomy at time of cesarean delivery were compared with the control group consisted of 80 patients with myomas who underwent cesarean delivery alone.ResultsThe mean size of fibroids removed was 8.1±4.7 cm (range, 3–25 cm). In control group it was 5.7±2.7 cm (range, 2–14 cm). The incidence of hemorrhage in the study group was 12.5% as compared with 11.3% in the control group (p>0.05). There was also no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative fewer and frequency of blood transfusion between myomectomy and control groups (p>0.05).ConclusionMyomectomy during cesarean section is not always a hazardous procedure and it can be performed without significant complications by experienced obstetricians.
Advocating for cervical cancer prevention
Authors: Sherris J. , Agurto I. , Arrossi S. , Dzuba I. , Gaffikin L. , Herdman C. , Limpaphayom K. , Luciani S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCervical cancer is a significant health problem among women in developing countries. Contributing to the cervical cancer health burden in many countries is a lack of understanding and political will to address the problem. Broad‐based advocacy efforts that draw on research and program findings from developing‐country settings are key to gaining program and policy support, as are cost‐effectiveness analyses based on these findings. The Alliance for Cervical Cancer Prevention (ACCP) has undertaken advocacy efforts at the international, regional, national, and local levels to raise awareness and understanding of the problem (and workable solutions), galvanize funders and governments to take action, and engage local stakeholders in ensuring program success. ACCP experience demonstrates the role that evidence‐based advocacy efforts play in the ultimate success of cervical cancer prevention programs, particularly when new screening and treatment approaches—and, ultimately, radically new approaches such as a human papillomavirus vaccine—are available.
Preventing cervical cancer in low‐resource settings: How far have we come and what does the future hold?
Authors: Tsu V.D. , Pollack A.E. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe Alliance for Cervical Cancer Prevention (ACCP) came together in 1999 to answer key research questions and to advocate for greater global and national interest in reducing the heavy burden of morbidity and mortality caused by this preventable disease. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI), and human papillomavirus (HPV) tests have been shown to be viable alternatives to traditional cytology. ACCP experience confirmed that cryotherapy is a safe and effective method that is acceptable to women and can be delivered by a range of health providers, including nonphysicians. Programs can maximize coverage by accommodating local needs and involving community leaders and women in planning and implementation. Advocacy efforts have led to significant policy changes and galvanized support for cervical cancer prevention. Despite the prospect of new HPV vaccines, screening will be needed for at least the next 30–40 years. Our experience has shown that with creativity, flexibility, and well‐focused use of resources, the inequitable burden of cervical cancer borne by women in poor countries can be sharply reduced.
The Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 1955–2005: Its Historic Milestones and Evolutionary Changes
Authors: Shah Mary Ann 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTFrom its very inception, the Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health (JMWH) played a critical role in fostering and documenting major shifts in the professional landscape of midwifery through its editorial content. This article traces the history and evolution of JMWH, commemorates its rich heritage and monumental growth over the last half century, highlights issues that have transcended its 50‐year history, and acknowledges the contributions of its leadership … past and present.
Presidential Priorities: 50 Years of Wisdom as the Basis of an Action Agenda for the Next Half‐Century
Authors: Fullerton Judith , Schuiling Kerri Durnell , Sipe Theresa Ann 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTEach of the living presidents of the American College of Nurse‐Midwives (ACNM), past and current, was asked to select one or more issues that were of particular importance during her term(s) in office. Some of the issues identified by the presidents were amenable to review using existing quantitative data; this article presents those findings. The substantial increase in growth of ACNM membership in the 1980s and 1990s as well as the plateau that occurred at the beginning of the 21st century is documented. The relationship between ACNM and the professions of nursing, medicine, and other public health providers is illustrated. The increase in the number of Certified Nurse‐Midwife/Certified Midwife (CNM/CM) education programs and the evolution and current profile of curriculum models are discussed. Finally, expansion of the scope of midwifery practice and the growing number of opportunities for entrepreneurial practice are presented in terms of current practice profiles, practice sites and settings, various employer‐employee relationships, and the variety of financial reimbursement streams. This article is intended to complement the broader body of information about ACNM's history, and particularly, to supplement the richness of information derived from the qualitative and historical research inquiries conducted by others.
The Development of the Community‐Based Nurse‐Midwifery Education Program: An Innovation in Distance Learning
Authors: Osborne Kathryn , Stone Susan , Ernst Eunice (Kitty) 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTSince the inception of nurse‐midwifery education 80 years ago, educators have looked for ways in which to educate enough nurse‐midwives. The application of distance learning to nurse‐midwifery education expanded opportunities for a greater number of students to have access to an education in nurse midwifery. The story of the Community‐based Nurse‐midwifery Education Program is presented as an exemplar.
A new approach for the Martell 3‐D method of measuring polyethylene wear without requiring the cross‐table lateral films
Authors: Bragdon Charles R. , Martell John M. , Estok Daniel M. , Greene Meridith E. , Malchau Henrik , Harris William H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractDue to the uneven and often inadequate quality of cross‐table lateral hip radiographs, many radiographic studies of femoral head penetration into polyethylene in total hip arthroplasty are limited to the two‐dimensional measurement of femoral head penetration using the A/P film only. We postulated that the use of two oblique frontal projections at 90° to each other would improve the three‐dimensional evaluation. Using an established hip phantom, the idealized accuracy and precision of the three‐dimensional Martell method was evaluated, contrasting the standard A/P and cross‐table lateral projections versus a pair of oblique projections by four independent readers.Accuracy and precision resulting from the use of two oblique projections (average accuracy ±63 μm, precision ±26 μm) were similar to that obtained using the conventional A/P and cross‐table lateral views (accuracy ±54 μm, precision ±22 μm), though the results of the two oblique views were slightly more variable. These observations suggest that by using two oblique A/P projections, the major disadvantage of using the cross‐table lateral films, namely the variable quality of the images, is avoided. Perhaps, therefore, the utility and availability of three‐dimensional data in comparable clinical studies may be improved. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Rabbit knee joint biomechanics: Motion analysis and modeling of forces during hopping
Authors: Gushue David L. , Houck Jeff , Lerner Amy L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAlthough the rabbit hindlimb has been commonly used as an experimental animal model for studies of osteoarthritis, bone growth and fracture healing, the in vivo biomechanics of the rabbit knee joint have not been quantified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic and kinetic patterns during hopping of the adult rabbit, and to develop a model to estimate the joint contact force distribution between the tibial plateaus. Force platform data and three‐dimensional motion analysis using infrared markers mounted on intracortical bone pins were combined to calculate the knee and ankle joint intersegmental forces and moments. A statically determinate model was developed to predict muscle, ligament and tibiofemoral joint contact forces during the stance phase of hopping. Variations in hindlimb kinematics permitted the identification of two landing patterns, that could be distinguished by variations in the magnitude of the external knee abduction moment. During hopping, the prevalence of an external abduction moment led to the prediction of higher joint contact forces passing through the lateral compartment as compared to the medial compartment of the knee joint. These results represent critical data on the in vivo biomechanics of the rabbit knee joint, which allow for comparisons to both other experimental animal models and the human knee, and may provide further insight into the relationships between mechanical loading, osteoarthritis, bone growth, and fracture healing. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Open Reading Frame VI Product ofCauliflower mosaic virusIs a Nucleocytoplasmic Protein: Its N Terminus Mediates Its Nuclear Export and Formation of Electron-Dense Viroplasms
Authors: Haas Muriel , Geldreich Angèle , Bureau Marina , Dupuis Laurence , Leh Véronique , Vetter Guillaume , Kobayashi Kappei , Hohn Thomas , Ryabova Lyubov , Yot Pierre , Keller Mario 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) open reading frame VI product (P6) is essential for the viral infection cycle. It controls translation reinitiation of the viral polycistronic RNAs and forms cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (viroplasms) where virus replication and assembly occur. In this study, the mechanism involved in viroplasm formation was investigated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Far protein gel blot assays using a collection of P6 deletion mutants demonstrated that the N-terminal α-helix of P6 mediates interaction between P6 molecules. Transient expression in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) BY-2 cells of full-length P6 and P6 mutants fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein revealed that viroplasms are formed at the periphery of the nucleus and that the N-terminal domain of P6 is an important determinant in this process. Finally, this study led to the unexpected finding that P6 is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein and that its nuclear export is mediated by a Leu-rich sequence that is part of the α-helix domain implicated in viroplasm formation. The discovery that P6 can localize to the nucleus opens new prospects for understanding yet unknown roles of this viral protein in the course of the CaMV infection cycle.
Development of an Epilepsy Comprehensive Care Center: A Japanese Model
Authors: Yagi Kazuichi 
Published: March 2005

Summary:  Purpose: To review the requirements of a comprehensive care center for people with epilepsy. Methods: Twenty‐seven years have passed since the foundation of the Japanese Epilepsy Center in Shizuoka. The development of this center is presented as a model of an epilepsy comprehensive care center. Results: Between 1926 and 1947, the Shizuoka Higashi Hospital (the former name of SMIND) served as a tuberculosis hospital. In 1975, a proposal for a special center for the care of people with epilepsy was submitted to the Japanese government. An epilepsy center (the Center) was soon built, and the tuberculosis sanatorium ended its 50‐year history. The facilities of the Center include an outpatient clinic, four inpatient wards with 200 beds, a day‐care center for medical rehabilitation, and classrooms for elementary and junior high school children. The Center has modern diagnostic tools such as electroencephalography (EEG), closed‐circuit TV‐EEG (CCTVEEG), computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single‐photon emission CT (SPECT), and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Neurosurgery for intractable seizures has been conducted at the Center since 1983. Approximately 25,000 patients with epilepsy from all over Japan have been registered since 1975. Annually, ∼5,000 outpatients and 600 inpatients attend the Center. As of March 2002, 500 patients had received resective surgery for epilepsy. Other activities in the Center include research and specialized training of professionals, including foreign nationals, in the treatment of epilepsy. Conclusions: The experience in Shizuoka suggests that management of epilepsy should be oriented toward psychological well‐being, social rehabilitation, and seizure control.
A blinded in‐vitro study to compare the efficacy of five topical ear drops in clearing grommets blocked with thick middle ear effusion fluid1
Authors: Uppal S. , Sharma R. , Nadig S.K. , Back G. , England R.J.A. , Coatesworth A.P. 
Published: March 2005

Objective:  To compare the efficacy of 5% NaHCO3, 3% H2O2, Sofradex (dexamethasone sodium metasulphobenzoate 0.05%, framycetin sulphate 0.5%, gramicidin 0.005%), 0.33% acetic acid and 0.9% NaCl eardrops in clearing grommets blocked with harvested thick middle ear effusion fluid.Study design:  A blinded in‐vitro study.Setting:  District general hospital.Participants:  A total of 473 grommets were blocked with freshly harvested unpooled thick middle ear effusion fluid obtained from 68 patients.Main outcome measures:  Patency of the grommets before and 7 days after intervention was ascertained by tympanometry and close visual inspection.Results:  Instillation of eardrops leads to a statistically significant increase in the clearance of grommets as compared with not using any drops (χ2 = 14.3, d.f. = 5, P = 0.006). The numbers needed to treat were 2.8 for NaHCO3, 3.2 for 0.9% NaCl, 3.9 for 0.33% acetic Acid, 4.4 for Sofradex and 9.5 for H2O2 eardrops. Pair‐wise comparison was only significant for comparison between 5% NaHCO3 and 3% H2O2 eardrops (Bonferroni corrected P = 0.01, odds ratio = 4.3, CI = 1.9–9.9).Conclusions:  Use of eardrops leads to a clinically and statistically significant increase in the clearance of blocked grommets. Of the five drops used, 5% NaHCO3 was the most efficacious and 3% H2O2 the least efficacious. Limitations of this in‐vitro study are recognized and a prospective in‐vivo double blind randomized controlled trial is planned.