bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the distribution of the interstitial telomeric (TTAGGG)<sub>n</sub> sequences in eight species of Brazilian marsupials (Didelphidae) by FISH and the correlation with constitutive heterochromatin. Do ITS represent evidence for fusion events in American marsupials?
Authors: Pagnozzi J.M. , Ditchfield A.D. , Yonenaga-Yassuda Y. 
Published: June 2003

The C-band pattern and the distribution of the (TTAGGG)<sub>n</sub> sequence after fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), were studied in eight species of Didelphidae marsupials: four species with 2n = 14 <i>(Marmosops parvidens</i>, <i>Marmosops incanus</i>, <i>Marmosa murina</i> and <i>Metachirus nudicaudatus</i>), two species with 2n = 18 <i>(Monodelphis domestica</i> and <i>M. americana)</i>, and two with 2n = 22 (<i>Didelphis marsupialis</i> and <i>Lutreolina crassicaudata)</i>. The hybridization signals were observed at both termini telomeres of all chromosomes. In addition, interstitial sequences were detected in the pericentromeric region of all chromosomes of <i>Marmosops parvidens</i>, in five chromosome pairs of <i>M. incanus</i>, and in the first pair of <i>Monodelphis domestica</i>. These sites always occur in the region of constitutive heterochromatin, even though C-band positive regions do not always present interstitial telomeric sequences (ITS). We suggest that the interstitial (TTAGGG)<sub>n</sub> sequences are associated with satellite DNA and do not necessarily arise through chromosomal rearrangements.
(RE)DATING THE STORY OF SUSANNA: A PROPOSAL
Authors: Clanton Dan 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMany studies have examined the story of Susanna from various perspectives, yet there is still no widespread consensus on the narrative's date of composition. This paper argues for a specific date for the story, viz., the early 1st century B.C.E. This date is consistent with textual evidence, as well the internal evidence of the story, such as the themes of witnesses and gender relations. In connection with the latter theme, this paper discusses the connection(s) between Susanna, Gk. Esther, and Judith, building on the work of Tal Ilan, who argues that all three of these works might have been used as propaganda for the reign of Queen Salome Alexandra (76-67 B.C.E.).
THESEN ZUR TEXTLICHEN VIELFALT IM TOBITBUCH
Authors: Wagner Christian , Nicklas Tobias 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe article deals with some problems concerning the textual transmission of the book of Tobit. A few of its Greek manuscripts cannot surely be classified in the categories of GI, GII and GIII. The newly edited Qumran fragments should not be interpreted as witnesses of a single Urtext but point to a variety of different semitic Tobit 'texts'. The impossibility to reconstruct an Urtext of Tobit also raises methodological questions about the relations of textual, form, source, and redactional criticism. The authors plead for a synoptic approach which does justice to the value of this textual diversity.
APORIEN DER THEODIZEE. ZU EINEM SCHLÜSSELTHEMA FRÜHER RABBINISCHER MÄRTYRERERZÄHLUNGEN1
Authors: Avemarie Friedrich 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSome of the early rabbinic texts that deal with the martyrs of tannaitic times display an intense concern for the problem of theodicy. A common feature of these texts is that despite their ostensible attempts at a coherent interpretation of the martyr's fate they refuse to abandon any of their basic convictions which are at stake – God's omnipotent governing of the world, the impartiality of the divine judgement and the martyr's innocence. When R. Hanina and his family hear their sentence, the narrative permits them to confess God's justice but not to raise the question of their guilt. R. Shim'on and R. Yishma'el discover some guilt with themselves, but the pointed pettiness of this guilt renders the explanation of their violent death provocatively incredible. When Yose ben Yo'ezer dies, his enemy's hints at the disproportion between his righteousness and his punishment are drowned in a vision of bliss in the world to come. By the conspicuous inconsistency of their answers, these texts demonstrate both the ultimate unsolvability and the inescapable urgency of their problem.
Biosynthetic origin and functional significance of murine platelet factor V
Authors: Yang Tony L. , Pipe Steven W. , Yang Angela , Ginsburg David 
Published: June 2003

AbstractFactor V (FV), a central regulatory protein in hemostasis, is distributed into distinct plasma and platelet compartments. Although platelet FV is highly concentrated within the platelet α-granule, previous analysis of human bone marrow and liver transplant recipients has demonstrated that platelet FV in these individuals originates entirely from the uptake of plasma FV. In order to examine further the biosynthetic origins of the platelet and plasma FV pools, we performed bone marrow transplantations of Fv-null (Fv–/–) fetal liver cells (FLCs) into wild-type mice. Fractionation of whole blood from control mice demonstrated that approximately 14% of total blood FV activity is platelet-associated. Mice that received transplants of Fv-null FLCs displayed a high degree of engraftment and appeared grossly normal, with no evidence for spontaneous hemorrhage. Although total FV levels in Fv-null FLC recipients were only mildly decreased, the FV activity within the platelet compartment was reduced to less than 1% of that in normal mice. We conclude that the murine platelet FV compartment is derived exclusively from primary biosynthesis within cells of marrow origin, presumably megakaryocytes, and that an intact platelet FV pool is not required for protection from spontaneous hemorrhage or bleeding following minor trauma.
Material and presentation condition effects on sentence interpretation task performance: methodological examinations of the competition experiment
Authors: Sasaki Yoshinori 
Published: June 2003

Ten native English learners of Japanese, ten intermediate native English learners of Japanese and ten native Japanese speakers of English each were requested to report what they thought was the subject or actor of a series of English NVN word strings, in which case marking and lexical-semantics cues were systematically manipulated. These NVN strings were aurally presented first alone, and subsequently the same strings were presented for the second time together with noncanonical NNV and VNN strings. Similarly, their counterpart Japanese NNV strings were first presented alone, and secondly with noncanonical VNN and NVN strings. The results revealed that 1) a greater animacy effect (‘animacy noun as a subject’ bias) was detected when the sentence verb was see rather than eat(or each of their Japanese counterparts); 2) English accusative pronouns generally created greater case biases than nominative ones; and 3) native English speakers interpreting Japanese word strings responded differently under the two presentation conditions.
Monocyte activation markers during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Fink R , Al-Obaidi M , Grewal S , Winter M , Pepper J 
Published: June 2003

Extracorporeal support during cardiac surgery initiates an inflammatory response, causing damage to cardiac, pulmonary and renal tissue [Post Pump Syndrome (PPS)]. This is accompanied by a neutrophil leucocytosis and lymphopenia, but less is known about the role of monocytes and markers of monocyte activity. We studied 19 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, obtaining blood samples from the aortic root (AR) and from the coronary sinus (< s) before the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), 1 min after release of the aortic crossclamp and 10 min after weaning from CPB (periods 1, 2 and 3). Leucocyte count, monocyte count and HLADR, CD15, CD11b and CD62L activation markers were measured. In samples obtained from the coronary sinus (CS), HLA-DR, expressed as a percentage of the monocyte count, decreased between periods 1, 2 and 3 by 78%, 66% and 43%, respectively. A similar change was observed in samples from the AR. Conversely, CD62L increased in the CS samples (55%, 68% and 73%), but revealed a lesser increase in the AR samples (51%, 68% and 63%). The other markers showed little change throughout the procedure. Reduced immunological competence could result from the decrease in HLA-DR counts. Increases in CD62L sensitizes monocytes to the tethering effects of endothelial integrins and might contribute to the atherosclerotic process.
Processing and transfusion of residual cardiopulmonary bypass volume: effects on haemostasis, complement activation, postoperative blood loss and transfusion volume
Authors: Daane C R , Golab H D , Meeder J HJ , Wijers M J , Bogers A JJC 
Published: June 2003

The aim of this prospective randomized study was to compare the effects of the transfusion of unprocessed and cell saver-processed residual cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) volume on haemostasis, complement activation, postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements after elective cardiac surgery. Blood samples were taken at eight points in time, perioperatively. Haematological data, including haemoglobin, haematocrit and platelet counts as well as coagulation parameters, including activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen and the fibrinolytic parameter D-dimers, were measured from each blood sample. For the assessment of complement activation, the total complement CH50 was analysed. In addition, postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements were measured during the first 24 hours, postoperatively. The results of the study showed impaired haemostasis after the transfusion of both unprocessed and processed CPB volume. No significant differences were found between the groups in the measured coagulation parameters. Nor was a significant difference found in the complement concentration. However, in patients trans-fused with unprocessed CPB volume, a significantly (p = 0.019) higher amount of blood loss was found, postoperatively. In the same group of patients, the number of units of allogeneic erythrocyte concentrate suspension transfused was also significantly (p = 0.023) higher during the first 24 hours, postoperatively, compared to the patients transfused with processed CPB blood. The number of units of fresh frozen plasma and platelet suspension transfused was not significantly different between the groups. In conclusion, processing CPB volume in combination with processing peroperative blood loss may result in reducing the volume of transfusion needed of allogeneic blood products.
Leucocyte depletion in cardiopulmonary bypass: a comparison of four strategies
Authors: Samankatiwat Piya , Samartzis Ioannis , Lertsithichai Panuwat , Stefanou Demetrios , Punjabi Prakash P , Taylor Kenneth M , Gourlay Terence 
Published: June 2003

Leucocytes have been shown to play a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of inflammation. This prospective, randomized, controlled study was designed to identify the most advantageous leucocyte depletion technique in terms of reduction in systemic inflammatory response syndrome and myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Forty consecutive patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were randomly allocated to one of four groups. The four groups consisted of a control group, a systemic leucocyte depletion (SLD) group, a cardioplegic leucocyte depletion (CLD) group and a total leucocyte depletion (TLD) group. There were 10 patients in each group. Lactoferrin (marker of neutrophil activation) and troponin-I (marker of myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury) were measured at six time points: post induction, 5 min on CPB, 5 min before releasing the aortic crossclamp, 15 min after releasing the clamp and 1 and 24 hours after the discontinuation of CPB. Plasma lactoferrin levels increased rapidly in every group after the commencement of CPB, subsequently reached a peak after releasing the aortic crossclamp and gradually declined after the discontinuation of CPB. The lowest lactoferrin concentration was observed in the TLD (range 2.15-141.9 ng/mL) and CLD groups (7.469-114.6 ng/mL). Regarding myocardial injury, plasma cardiac troponin-I levels did not differ significantly between groups; but troponin-I concentrations rose dramatically after releasing the aortic crossclamp in all groups. Nevertheless, the CLD group had the lowest troponin-I level (1.37-5.55 ng/mL). In conclusion, it is believed that myocardial ischaemia is probably a major contributor to the inflammatory response. Although there is no clear statistical significance shown in this pilot study, the data tend to support the cardioplegic leucocyte depletion strategy as the optimal method for attenuating neutrophil activation and myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury.
Cardiopulmonary support during electrophysiological procedures for ventricular tachycardias not haemodynamically tolerated
Authors: Zanobini M , Rossi Fabiana , Bertera Antonella , Sandano Stefania , Costa Cristina , Fabrizi Rita , Viola Simone , Annoni Andrea , Alamanni Francesco , Biglioli Paolo 
Published: June 2003

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (CPS) for circulatory assistance during electrophysiological endocavitary procedures for ventricular tachycardia (VT) in high-risk patients. From January to June 1999, eight patients with VT not haemodynamically tolerated, underwent an electrophysiological mapping and ablation while supported with percutaneous CPS in the cardiac surgery service of the University of Milan. The CPS system allowed for the maintenance of an arterial pressure of 60-70 mmHg during the tachycardia episodes. CPS was used for 10-20 min periods to restore haemodynamic stability. With the haemodynamic support of CPS, it was possible to target and induce 21 VTs, with a mean cycle of 325 ms. The mean support time was 140 min (120 - 160 min). Stabilization of the arterial pressure at a mean value of 65 mmHg (55 - 85 mHg) was achieved over a mean period of 26 seconds. Oxygen saturation remained over 90% throughout the support for all patients, with no blood gas or electrolyte abnormalities. No CPB-related complications were observed. In conclusion, percutaneous CPS guarantees effective haemodynamic support during mapping and ablation of VTs not haemodynamically tolerated, with no complications related to the extracorporeal circulation or the cannulation.
Lowest core body temperature and adverse outcomes associated with coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: DeFoe Gordon R , Krumholz Charles F , DioDato Christian P , Ross Cathy S , Olmstead Elaine M , Groom Robert C , Pieroni John W , Forest Richard J , O’Connor Brian R , Bogosian Mary E , Warren Craig S , O’Connor Gerald T ,   For The Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group
Published: June 2003

To examine the effect of lowest core body temperature on adverse outcomes associated with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, data were collected on 7134 isolated CABG procedures carried out in New England from 1997 to 2000. Excluded from the analysis were patients with pump times <60 and >120 min and those operated upon using continuous warm cardioplegia. Data for lowest core temperature were divided into quartiles for analysis (≤31.4°C, 31.5-33.1°C, 33.2-34.3°C, and ≥34.4°C). Patients with lower core body temperature on cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) had higher in-hospital mortality rates. Crude mortality rates were 2.9% in the ≤31.4°C group, 2.1% in the 31.5 - 33.1°C group, 1.3% in the 33.2 - 34.3°C group and 1.2% in the ≥34.4°C group. The trend toward higher mortality as core temperature decreased was statistically significant (ptrend<0.001). Adjustment for differences in patient and disease characteristics did not significantly change the results and the test of trend remained significant ( p<0.001). Rates of perioperative stroke were somewhat lower in the colder groups. Rates in the two colder groups were0.9% compared with 1.6% and 1.4% in the warmer groups (ptrend = 0.082). This remained a marginal but significant trend after adjustment for possible confounding factors (p=0.044). Low core body temperatures on CPB are associated with higher rates of in-hospital mortality among isolated CABG patients. Rates of intra- or postoperative use of an intra-aortic balloon pump are also higher with lower core temperatures. We concluded that temperature management strategy during CABG surgery has an important effect on patient outcomes.
Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in the last decade: treatment options and implications for perfusion in the 21st century
Authors: Sistino Joseph J 
Published: June 2003

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates determine, to a large extent, the adult patient population that undergoes heart surgery. Many new treatment options have surfaced over the last decade which delay surgical intervention. The purpose of this study is to review the epidemiology of CVD in the USA over the past decade and project treatment patterns for the future. This information is important for the perfusion profession because it will influence the numbers of perfusionists required to staff open-heart centers in this country. Discharge data from hospitals in the USA were reviewed to determine numbers and rates of patients treated for CVD referenced to age and specific types of CVD. Operative procedure codes were reviewed to determine the volume and rates of cardiac surgical procedures, including catheterization and angioplasty, in the USA between 1990 and 2000. The results of this epidemiological review demonstrate that the surgical treatment rates for ischemic heart disease have not increased significantly over the past 10 years, except in the over-65 population. The large increase in the number of patients admitted for congestive heart failure (CHF) (39.4%) during this time period due to an aging population afford the perfusion profession an opportunity to become more involved in treatment options, such as cardiac assist devices. Cardiac surgeons are facing many of the same challenges that we face as perfusionists due to interventional cardiology, and should focus more attention on improving treatment for the heart failure population in the next decade. The continuation of perfusion education programs at their current rate of output seems justified, based on population projections and the increased incidence of CVD in the elderly population.
Spontaneous Dispersion of PdO onto Acid Sites of Zeolites Studied by in situ DXAFS
Authors: Okumura Kazu , Kusakabe Tetsuji , Yokota Shigeru , Kato Kazuo , Tanida Hajime , Uruga Tomoya , Niwa Miki 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
The generation of highly dispersed PdO over zeolite supports was studied using in situ energy-dispersive XAFS (DXAFS) technique. From the comparison with the Na-ZSM-5, it was found that the oxidation as well as the spontaneous dispersion of Pd was promoted through the interaction between PdO and acid sites of H-form zeolites.
The discourse of globalisation and the logic of no alternative: rendering the contingent necessary in the political economy of New Labour
Authors: Watson Matthew , Hay Colin 
Published: June 2003

English
Although convincingly discredited academically, a crude ‘business school’ globalisation thesis of a single world market, with its attendant political ‘logic of no alternative’, continues to dominate the discourse of globalisation adopted by the British Labour Party. Here, we identify three separate, albeit reinforcing, articulations of the policy ‘necessities’ associated with global economic change. Labour’s leaders are shown to have utilised a flexible synthesis of potentially contradictory ideas in constructing their chosen discourse of globalisation to guide the conduct of British economic policy following the Party’s election victory in 1997. We conclude that Labour appealed to the image of globalisation as a non-negotiable external economic constraint in order to render contingent policy choices ‘necessary’ in the interests of electoral rejuvenation.
Privileged or exploited council tenants? The discursive change in Conservative housing policy from 1972 to 1980
Authors: Jacobs Keith , Kemeny Jim , Manzi Tony 
Published: June 2003

English
The process of social construction in which competing and sometimes contradictory definitions contend with one another plays a decisive part in policy making. Justifications for policy intervention often require a narrative identifying villains or victims to delineate creatively a ‘social problem’ that needs to be addressed by appropriate measures. This article shows how contrasting political and media representations of council tenants in the 1960s and 1970s provided the emotive justifications for two distinct policies: ‘Fair Rents’ and the ‘Right to Buy’. The article concludes that more attention should be paid to the way that the successful mobilisation of bias legitimises policy interventions.
In search of social capital
Authors: Johnston Gordon , Percy-Smith Janie 
Published: June 2003

English
Social capital is increasingly regarded by politicians, policy makers and theoreticians as an antidote to a range of social ills and its absence as a cause of those same ills. Originating in Bourdieu and popularised by Putnam, much is claimed for social capital. However, there is little agreement on what social capital is, where it comes from, how it can be measured and, if it is a ‘good thing’, how we can get more of it. This article reviews the main schools of thought relating to social capital, summarises what is being claimed for it and then sketches out a research agenda to address the unresolved issues surrounding this attractive but elusive concept.
Reterritorialising health: inclusive partnerships, joined-up governance and common accountability platforms in Third Way New Zealand
Authors: Craig David 
Published: June 2003

English
Recent health policy changes in New Zealand have included substantive reterritorialisation of governance and provision, as well as the emergence of well-being initiatives targeting specific places. At the same time, a range of place- and population-related community provider organisations has emerged as partners to government and each other. Documenting these changes in the wider contexts of social determinants of health, third way ‘social inclusion’, urban geographies of poverty, place positioning and decentralisation, this article discusses emerging difficulties and challenges in achieving policy coherence, spatial equity and consistent local collaboration. It concludes by discussing the potential role and scope of place-based ‘common accountability platforms’.
New forms of local accountability: coming to terms with ‘many hands’?
Authors: Sullivan Helen 
Published: June 2003

English
The transformation of many western liberal democracies in the late 20th century has had important implications for the practice of public accountability, compounding the problem of ‘many hands’. This article considers developments in academic debate and discusses how traditional modes of vertical accountability can be augmented by new horizontal mechanisms. New Labour’s approach to local ‘modernisation’ in England is examined, including, but going beyond, local government, to consider new institutions that seek to ‘join up’ local action. The article concludes that to manage the problem of ‘many hands’ requires specific intervention from local government in its community leadership role.
Controlling the PFI process in schools: a case study of the Pimlico project
Authors: Edwards Pamela , Shaoul Jean 
Published: June 2003

English
This article explores how the control procedures designed to ensure value for money in the context of the Private Finance Initiative (PFI), operate in the context of schools, using the case of the Pimlico redevelopment project. The evidence casts doubt on the strict regulatory control of this project, particularly in terms of meeting the identified needs of the school, ensuring value for money and affordability. The article considers the suitability of the PFI methodology and the process to appraise PFI schools projects, where the interests and different responsibilities of the local education authority and school governors may conflict.