bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive oxygen species suppress phagocyte surveillance by oxidizing cytoskeletal regulators
Authors: Grinstein Sergio , Ferling Iuliia , Pfalzgraf Steffen , Moutounet Lea , Qiu Lanhui , Li Iris , Zhou Yuhuan , Freeman Spencer 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Despite their superficial similarities, the phagocytosis of pathogens differs from that of apoptotic cells in their recognition mechanisms and downstream signaling pathways. While the initial stages of these processes have been studied, the cytoskeletal reorganization that follows particle uptake is not well understood. By comparing the uptake of phosphatidylserine (PS)-coated targets versus IgG-opsonized targets of identical size, shape, and rigidity, we noted remarkable differences in the accompanying changes in cell morphology, adhesion and migration that persisted long after phagocytosis. While myeloid cells continued to survey their microenvironment after engulfing PS-coated targets, the uptake of IgG-opsonized targets caused phagocytes to round up, decreased their membrane ruffling, and led to the complete disassembly of podosomes. These changes were associated with increased activation of Rho and a concomitant decrease of Rac activity that collectively resulted in the thickening and compaction of the cortical F-actin cytoskeleton. Rho/formin-induced actin polymers were fastened to the membrane by their preferential interaction with Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin (ERM) proteins, which were necessary for cell compaction and podosome disassembly following ingestion of IgG-coated particles. The source of the distinct responses to PS- versus IgG-targets was the differential activation of the respiratory burst mediated by the NADPH oxidase: reactive oxygen species (ROS), emanating from phagosomes containing IgG-opsonized targets – but not those containing PS-coated ones – directly led to the activation of Rho. Similar findings were made with phagocytes that encountered pathogens or microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPS) that instigate the activation of the NADPH oxidase. These results implicate a connection between sensing of harmful particulates, the oxidation of cytoskeletal regulators, and the immune surveillance by myeloid cells that have potentially important consequences for the containment of pathogens.
Cloning and functional characterization of the peptide deformylase encoding gene EuPDF1B from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv
Authors: Wang Yumei , Zhao De-Gang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this study, we isolated the EuPDF1B from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. The full-length sequence of EuPDF1B is 1176 bp with a poly-A tail, and contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 831 bp that encodes a protein of 276 amino acids. EuPDF1B was localized to the chloroplast. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that this gene was expressed in almost all tissues tested, but mainly in mature leaves. Moreover, the expression of EuPDF1B was enhanced by ABA, MeJA and GA and inhibited by shading treatment. The expression pattern was further confirmed in EuPDF1Bp-1 transgenic tobacco lines. Among all the transgenic tobacco lines, EuPDF1Bp-3 showed the highest GUS histochemical staining and activity in different tissues. This difference may be related to the presence of enhancer elements in the region from − 891bp to -236bp of EuPDF1B promoter. In addition, the expression of the chloroplast gene psbA, the net photosynthetic rate and the growth rate of tobacco plants overexpressed with EuPDF1B were greater than those of the wild type, suggesting that EuPDF1B may promote the growth of transgenic tobacco plants. This is the first time that PDF and its promoter have been cloned from woody plants, laying a foundation for further analysis of the function of PDF and its expression regulation.
KRAS mutation-selective requirement for ACSS2 in colorectal adenoma formation.
Authors: Chernoff Jonathan , Budagyan Konstantin , Cannon Alexa , Chatoff Adam , Snyder Nathaniel , Kurimchak Alison , Duncan James 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Oncogenic KRAS mutations are prevalent in colorectal cancer (CRC) and are associated with poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. There is a substantial diversity of KRAS mutant alleles observed in CRC. Emerging clinical and experimental analysis of common KRAS mutations suggest that each mutation differently influences the clinical properties of a disease and response to therapy. Although there is some evidence to suggest biological differences between mutant KRAS alleles, these are yet to be fully elucidated. One approach to study allelic variation involves the use of isogenic cell lines that express different endogenous Kras mutants. Here, we generated Kras isogenic Apc-/- mouse colon epithelial cell lines using CRISPR-driven genome editing by altering the original G12D Kras allele to G12V, G12R, or G13D. We utilized these cell lines to perform transcriptomic and proteomic analysis to compare different signaling properties between these mutants. Both screens indicate significant differences in pathways relating to cholesterol and lipid regulation that we validated with targeted metabolomic measurements and isotope tracing. We found that these processes are upregulated in G12V lines through increased expression of nuclear SREBP1 and higher activation of mTORC1. G12V cells showed higher expression of ACSS2 and ACSS2 inhibition sensitized G12V cells to MEK inhibition. Finally, we found that ACSS2 plays a crucial role early in the development of G12V mutant tumors, in contrast to G12D mutant tumors. These observations highlight differences between KRAS mutant cell lines in their signaling properties. Further exploration of these pathways may prove to be valuable for understanding how specific KRAS mutants function, and identification of novel therapeutic opportunities in CRC.
Balancing Acts: A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Exploration of Psychological Factors in Marital Conflict and Intervention Strategies
Authors: Majumder Pratham , Dorai D. Ramya , Gopinathan B. , Pal Arkita , Mozumder Azhar Hussain , Mallik Saurav , Ahmad Naim , Badawy Ahmed Said , Changalasetty Suresh Babu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background: While long-lasting marriages are lauded for their positive impact on well-being, the reality is that 44% of couples globally face the challenge of divorce. This study addresses the crucial role of psycho-social interventions in alleviating severe depression arising from marital conflict.
Methods: Our comprehensive approach, combining subjective analysis, BDI-II, and Mental Status Examination, guides a structured intervention with rapport building, psycho-education, and tailored strategies.
Results: This led to significant improvements for our client: previously severely depressed, they now actively engage in professional activities, with depression levels, cognitive, somatic, and affective factors improving by 85.7%, 85.7%, 88.8%, and 80%, respectively. To further refine our approach, we employ Ordered Statistics and Pearson Correlation to identify critical vulnerable factors and Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis (MOORA) to objectively prioritize interventions.
Conclusion: This data-driven approach ensures the most effective interventions are chosen, maximizing the precision and efficacy of our study and paving the way for improved support for individuals struggling with marital conflict and depression.
Distance-depending transcriptome changes of pancreatic stellate cells in paracrine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma co-culture models
Authors: Zourelidis Anais , Trojanowicz Bogusz , Sunami Yoshiaki , Hause Gerd , Vieweg David , Kleeff Jörg 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) are one source of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and play, therefore, an essential role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Paracrine signalling between PDA cancer cells and CAF has been widely studied, yet external influences on paracrine crosstalk are poorly understood. This study aimed to gain a deeper insight into the communication of PSC and cancer cells under different co-culture conditions via analysis of PSC gene expression profiles. Two contactless co-culture models with tumor cells from the p48-Cre; lox-stop-lox-KrasG12D/+; lox-stop-lox-Trp53R172H/+ mouse model (KPC) and murine PSC separated through a microporous membrane and grown in different compartments (standard co-culture) or on different sides of the same membrane (inverse co-culture), were established. RNA-Sequencing analysis of PSC mRNA was performed 24 h and 72 h after co-culture with KPC cells. For selected genes, results were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Standard co-culture displayed 19 differentially expressed genes (DEG) at 24 h and 52 DEG at 72 h. In inverse co-culture, 800 DEG at 24 h and 2213 DEG at 72 h were enriched. PSC showed great heterogeneity in their gene expression profiles; however, mutually regulated genes of both co-cultures, such as VCAN and CHST11, could be identified. VCAN-protein-protein interaction-network analysis revealed several shared genes between co-culture models, such as SDC4 and FN1. In conclusion, PSC show a varying susceptibility to cancer cell signals depending on the co-culture method, with intensified transcriptome changes with closer proximity.
Therapeutic role of curcumin on Beta Amyloid Protein, Biochemical and Oxidative changes in rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes
Authors: Ermiş Mustafa , Ciftci Gülay 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine metabolic diseases. It was aimed to investigate the therapeutic role of curcumin on Beta Amyloid Protein (TBAP), Biochemical and Oxidative changes in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.The study consisted of five groups (n = 8 rats per group): control, diabetic, curcumin, curcumin in diabetes induction, and curcumin after diabetes induction.In order to induce diabetes, a single dose of 45 mg/kg Streptozotocin was administered to the 2nd and 4th groups on the 1st day of the experiment and to the 5th group on the 28th day. Curcumin was administered to groups 3, 4 and 5 via oral gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 35 days. It was observed that blood sugar levels were close to each other in group 1 and group 3, but were high in the diabetic groups (P < 0.05). Streptozotocin and curcumin application to diabetic rats reduced the level of beta amyloid protein in the brain. It was determined that the effect of curcumin application on hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and kidney function activity tests was not significant. It was determined that curcumin had an effect on reducing oxidative stress caused by diabetes and increasing antioxidant activity.
Some Coefficient of Inequility for Subclass Of holomorphic Functions
Authors: Al-shbeil Isra , RATH BISWAJIT , ALHEFTHI REEM K. , KRISHNA D. VAMSHEE , KUMAR K. SANJAY , ALI MAHAMANE SAMINOU 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Since the early twentieth century, the investigation of bound fordeterminant of Hankel matrices in analytic univalent functions has been a focalpoint for mathematical research, providing a rich avenue for the exploration ofgeometric properties. Over the years, numerous researchers have striven to establishupper bounds for determinant of the third order Hankel matrix withinvarious subclasses of analytic univalent functions. While these efforts haveyielded valuable insights, the attainment of sharp bounds remained a challengeuntil Know et al. (2018) achieved an exact estimation of the fourth coefficientin the Carath´eodory class. In more recent developments, investigators haveleveraged this precise estimation of the fourth coefficient, alongside the welldefinedvalues of the second and third coefficients within the Carath´eodoryclass. This breakthrough has empowered them to delineate sharp bounds forthe third Hankel determinant in diverse subclasses of analytic univalent functions.This present study embarks on an exploration of upper bounds for thesecond-order Hankel determinant within the realm of analytic functions, subjectto the normalized conditions of f(0) = 0 and f′(0) = 1. We further extendour investigation to specific sub-classes of holomorphic functions, culminatingin the derivation of sharp bounds for a parameter of particular interest.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification. 30C45, 30C50.
Site settlement patterns during MIS 3 in the Southeast of France. The lithic assemblages of two phases of occupation (levels 4.1 and 4.2) at the Abri du Maras
Authors: Moncel Marie-Hélène , Guillemot Pierre , Chacón M. Gema , Abrunhosa Ana , Richard Mailys , Fernandes Paul , Hardy Bruce , Allué Ethel , Pois Veronique 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
New excavations at the Abri du Maras have revealed a thick sequence over 250 ka old with evidence of recurrent human occupations, first in a vast cavity, then in a collapsed shelter. The upper part, with a high density of material, is dated to MIS 3 with two distinct phases of occupation under a shelter. The lithic component is composed mainly of flint cores, flakes and flake-tools, associated with local material in quartz, quartzite and basalt. Lithic refits and the faunal corpus indicate short-term occupations under a largely collapsed shelter. The comparison of the two occupation phases indicates common features in term of core technologies, with partial reduction sequences and a tool kit composed of large products brought to the site from a 30 km perimeter. Slight differences emerge from a statistic viewpoint, but also in terms of site activities, raw material collection and the spatial distribution of activities and material in the shelter. These include: (1) the predominance of reindeer in level 4.1 whereas there is a more diversified corpus of hunted herbivores in level 4.2, (2) the spatial distribution of the material indicates that the shelter was used in different ways, (3) the ratio of the use of Levallois core technology, of elongated products and flake-tools differs between the two levels, as does the average size of flint products. Finally, we discuss possible biases in order to define the actual status of the site.
Hounsfield unit values are useful for predicting early outcomes after acetabular fractures: A retrospective study
Authors: Ukai Taku , Tamaki Miyu , Sato Masato , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Acetabular fractures are among the most challenging orthopedic fractures, and a high total hip arthroplasty (THA) conversion rate has been reported in older patients with acetabular fractures. Bone quality is a poor prognostic factor after acetabular fractures and has been assessed using computed tomography (CT). However, the relation between Hounsfield unit (HU) values measured using CT and early acetabular fracture outcomes remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of Hounsfield units (HU) on early acetabular fracture outcomes.
Methods
Consecutive 50 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for acetabular fractures were included. The mean follow-up duration was 24 months. The HU values of the fifth vertebral body and unaffected side of the femoral head were measured. The fracture type, radiological hip arthropathy, conversion to THA, and postoperative displacement were recorded.
Results
All the surgeries were performed by a single orthopedic surgeon. Forty patients were males and 10 were females. The mean patient age was 49.3 years. Twenty-seven hips had elementary fractures and 23 had associated fractures. The reduction quality using CT was as follows: anatomical, 13 hips; imperfect, 10 hips; and poor, 27 hips. Hip arthropathy was observed in 10 patients (10%), and one patient (2%) converted to THA. The unaffected femoral head HU values in elementary fractures (250.5 ± 50.5) was significantly higher than those in associated fractures (221.5 ± 48) (p < 0.047). Both the HU values of the fifth vertebral body and unaffected femoral head were significantly correlated with postoperative residual displacement gap and these values in patients with arthropathy were significantly lower than those without arthropathy. The cut-off value for predicting early arthropathy after an acetabular fracture was approximately 180.
Conclusion
The HU values were correlated with the fracture type, postoperative displacement gap, and early arthropathy after acetabular fractures and are clinically useful prognostic factors for early acetabular fracture outcomes.
Cross pollination and inflorescence branching in the presence of Mycoacterium canetti in Floral microbiome of Syzygium aromaticum (L) Merr. and Perry
Authors: Santhakumari Sreekala Gangappan , Sarojini Santhosh Ramachandran 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Plant associated microorganisms have role in growth and development of plant, prevent infestation by plant pathogens. Purticularly, floral biome influence nectar taste and scent chemistry, by which insects are attracted to visit flowers. Methyl p-anisate and methyl phenylacetate (jasmine-like odour) produced by mycobacteria present in floral parts of several plants moreover honeybees are able to sense the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Genetic variants exists in highly self-pollinated Syzygium aromaticum which may occur only by cross pollination.
Results
A less nectar producing clove flower buds may be cross pollinated by the help of microbiome which has a Mycoacterium canetti as an abundant member. In the selected cultivars branching of inflorescence were observed may be due to as a consequence plant hormone elicited by the mycobacterium.
Conclusions
Mycoacterium canetti may help in cross pollination of plant and therby hereby helping genome diversity Keywords Syzygium aromaticum, Mycobacterium canetti, Floral biome, Pollination, genetic diversity
Using Large Language Models for Automated Grading of Student Writing about Science
Authors: Impey Chris , Wenger Matthew , Garuda Nikhil , Golchin Shahriar , Stamer Sarah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

A challenge in teaching large classes for formal or informal learners is assessing writing. As a result, most large classes, especially in science, use objective assessment tools like multiple choice quizzes. The rapid maturation of AI has created the possibility of using large language models (LLMs) to assess student writing. An experiment was carried out using GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 to see if machine learning methods based on LLMs can rival peer grading for reliability and automation in evaluating short writing assignments on topics in astronomy. The audience was lifelong learners in three massive open online courses (MOOCs) offered through Coursera. However, the results should also be applicable to non-science majors in university settings. The data was answers from 120 students on 12 questions across the three courses. The LLM was fed with total grades, model answers, and rubrics from an instructor for all three questions. In addition to seeing how reliably the LLMs reproduced instructor grades, the LLMs were asked to generate their own rubrics. Overall, the LLMs were more reliable than peer grading, both in the aggregate and by individual student, and they came much closer to the instructor grades for all three of the online courses. GPT-4 generally outperformed GPT-3.5. The implication is that LLMs can be used for automated, reliable, and scalable grading of student science writing.
The impact of exclusive human milk diet on short-term growth of very preterm infants
Authors: Chou Fu-Sheng , Zhang Jing , Nguyen Cammie , Faison Giulia , Thompson Lindsey , Villosis Maria Fe , Barseghyan Karine , Lakshmanan Ashwini 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives: The impact of EHMD on postnatal growth remains controversial. This study aims to investigate the association between EHMD and short-term growth.
Methods: This multicenter retrospective study aims to compare growth between the EHMD and non-EHMD groups among infants <32 weeks of gestation. Primary outcomes include weight, length, and head circumference growth trajectories between birth and 34 weeks postmenstrual age. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed.
Results: An EHMD was independently associated with poorer length growth, especially in infants born at ≥28 weeks’ gestation or those exposed to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. While initiating fortification at <26 kcal/oz on an EHMD showed inferior growth, initiating fortification at ≥26 kcal/oz was associated with improved weight growth, and similar length and head circumference growth, when compared to the non-EHMD group.
Conclusions: An EHMD with initial fortification at ≥26 kcal/oz may be implemented to avoid bovine milk exposure while sustaining comparable growth.
Characterisations and Molecular Docking of Cathepsin B Cysteine Proteinase a novel drug target for Parasitic Nematode Trichinella spiralis.
Authors: Waghmare Somnath Balbhim , Kumar Anil , Balde Govind 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Trichinella spiralis is a nematode parasite, the common cause of human disease Trichinellosis, the infection occurs after the consumption of raw or undercooked pork meat. In many parasitic helminths Cysteine proteases are the principal source of amino acids. In Trichinella spiralis, cathepsin B cysteine proteases may contribute to the parasite penetration into the host’s gut wall, feeding, degradation of haemoglobin etc. The aim of this study is to characterise and inhibit the synthesis of cathepsin B cysteine proteases by using natural product as inhibitors of protein to control the population of nematode parasite in human host. The EXPASY server ProtParam performed the cysteine protease cathepsin B physicochemical analysis. In secondary structure analysis amino acid composition of cathepsin B protein were predicted by PredictProtein. Based on ADMET properties analysis and binding affinities of all the studied phytochemicals originated molecules Panduratin A, Nicolaioidesin C, Guttiferone A, Garciniaphenone, shows drugability. The AutoDock automated docking tools were used for molecular docking analysis and predicting the optimal protein-ligand interactions between the cathepsin B and Panduratin A, Nicolaioidesin C, Guttiferone A, Garciniaphenone.
Insilico analysis of Cathepsin B (329 amino acids) shows that it is quite stable protein with Aliphatic index 65.84 and composed of helix is 15.81%, strand 17.02% and other part is 67.17%. The molecular docking analysis results revealed that amongst the studies ligands Panduratin A and Nicolaioidesin C, shows the similar affinity towards protein i.e. (-7.5 Kcl/mol) with formation of 2 and 3 hydrogen bond interactions respectively, While Guttiferone A (-7.4 Kcl/mol) 4 hydrogen bond interactions and Garciniaphenone (-7.2 Kcl/mol) 3 hydrogen bond interactions.
The small molecule as inhibitors and understanding their utility as vaccine candidate against nematodes is recent active area of research. These results indicates that the cathepsin B which is the key contributors to the digestion of host proteins of the Trichinella spiralis parasite may be a good candidate to design the synthetic drug against the nematode infections.