bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat‐based biodiversity responses to macroclimate and edaphic factors in European fen ecosystems
Authors: Jiménez‐Alfaro Borja , Aunina Liene , Carbognani Michele , Dítě Daniel , Fernández‐Pascual Eduardo , Garbolino Emmanuel , Hájek Ondřej , Hájková Petra , Ivchenko Tatiana G. , Jandt Ute , Jansen Florian , Kolari Tiina H. M. , Pawlikowski Paweł , Pérez‐Haase Aaron , Peterka Tomáš , Petraglia Alessandro , Plesková Zuzana , Tahvanainen Teemu , Tomaselli Marcello , Hájek Michal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding large‐scale drivers of biodiversity in palustrine wetlands is challenging due to the combined effects of macroclimate and local edaphic conditions. In boreal and temperate fen ecosystems, the influence of macroclimate on biodiversity is modulated by hydrological settings across habitats, making it difficult to assess their vulnerability to climate change. Here, we investigate the influence of macroclimate and edaphic factors on three Essential Biodiversity Variables across eight ecologically defined habitats that align with ecosystem classifications and red lists. We used 27,555 vegetation plot samples from European fens to assess the influence of macroclimate and groundwater pH predictors on the geographic distribution of each habitat type. Additionally, we modeled the relative influence of macroclimate, water pH, and water table depth on community species richness and composition, focusing on 309 plant specialists. Our models reveal strong effects of mean annual temperature, diurnal thermal range, and summer temperature on biodiversity variables, with contrasting differences among habitats. While macroclimatic factors primarily shape geographic distributions and species richness, edaphic factors emerge as the primary drivers of composition for vascular plants and bryophytes. Annual precipitation exhibits non‐linear effects on fen biodiversity, with varying impact across habitats with different hydrological characteristics, suggesting a minimum requirement of 600 mm of annual precipitation for the occurrence of fen ecosystems. Our results anticipate potential impacts of climate warming on European fens, with predictable changes among habitat types and geographic regions. Moreover, we provide evidence that the drivers of biodiversity in boreal and temperate fens are closely tied to the ecological characteristics of each habitat type and the dispersal abilities of bryophytes and vascular plants. Given that the influence of macroclimate and edaphic factors on fen ecosystems is habitat specific, climate change research and conservation actions should consider ecological differentiation within functional IUCN ecosystems at continental and regional scales.
Simulating carbon accumulation and loss in the central Congo peatlands
Authors: Young Dylan M. , Baird Andy J. , Morris Paul J. , Dargie Greta C. , Mampouya Wenina Y. Emmanuel , Mbemba Mackline , Boom Arnoud , Cook Peter , Betts Richard , Burke Eleanor , Bocko Yannick E. , Chadburn Sarah , Crabtree Dafydd E. , Crezee Bart , Ewango Corneille E. N. , Garcin Yannick , Georgiou Selena , Girkin Nicholas T. , Gulliver Pauline , Hawthorne Donna , Ifo Suspense A. , Lawson Ian T. , Page Susan E. , Jovani‐Sancho A. Jonay , Schefuß Enno , Sciumbata Matteo , Sjögersten Sofie , Lewis Simon L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPeatlands of the central Congo Basin have accumulated carbon over millennia. They currently store some 29 billion tonnes of carbon in peat. However, our understanding of the controls on peat carbon accumulation and loss and the vulnerability of this stored carbon to climate change is in its infancy. Here we present a new model of tropical peatland development, DigiBog_Congo, that we use to simulate peat carbon accumulation and loss in a rain‐fed interfluvial peatland that began forming ~20,000 calendar years Before Present (cal. yr BP, where ‘present’ is 1950 CE). Overall, the simulated age‐depth curve is in good agreement with palaeoenvironmental reconstructions derived from a peat core at the same location as our model simulation. We find two key controls on long‐term peat accumulation: water at the peat surface (surface wetness) and the very slow anoxic decay of recalcitrant material. Our main simulation shows that between the Late Glacial and early Holocene there were several multidecadal periods where net peat and carbon gain alternated with net loss. Later, a climatic dry phase beginning ~5200 cal. yr BP caused the peatland to become a long‐term carbon source from ~3975 to 900 cal. yr BP. Peat as old as ~7000 cal. yr BP was decomposed before the peatland's surface became wetter again, suggesting that changes in rainfall alone were sufficient to cause a catastrophic loss of peat carbon lasting thousands of years. During this time, 6.4 m of the column of peat was lost, resulting in 57% of the simulated carbon stock being released. Our study provides an approach to understanding the future impact of climate change and potential land‐use change on this vulnerable store of carbon.
Extreme and compound ocean events are key drivers of projected low pelagic fish biomass
Authors: Le Grix Natacha , Cheung William L. , Reygondeau Gabriel , Zscheischler Jakob , Frölicher Thomas L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOcean extreme events, such as marine heatwaves, can have harmful impacts on marine ecosystems. Understanding the risks posed by such extreme events is key to develop strategies to predict and mitigate their effects. However, the underlying ocean conditions driving severe impacts on marine ecosystems are complex and often unknown as risks to marine ecosystems arise not only from hazards but also from the interactions between hazards, exposure and vulnerability. Marine ecosystems may not be impacted by extreme events in single drivers but rather by the compounding effects of moderate ocean anomalies. Here, we employ an ensemble climate‐impact modeling approach that combines a global marine fish model with output from a large ensemble simulation of an Earth system model, to identify the key ocean ecosystem drivers associated with the most severe impacts on the total biomass of 326 pelagic fish species. We show that low net primary productivity is the most influential driver of extremely low fish biomass over 68% of the ocean area considered by the model, especially in the subtropics and the mid‐latitudes, followed by high temperature and low oxygen in the eastern equatorial Pacific and the high latitudes. Severe biomass loss is generally driven by extreme anomalies in at least one ocean ecosystem driver, except in the tropics, where a combination of moderate ocean anomalies is sufficient to drive extreme impacts. Single moderate anomalies never drive extremely low fish biomass. Compound events with either moderate or extreme ocean conditions are a necessary condition for extremely low fish biomass over 78% of the global ocean, and compound events with at least one extreme variable are a necessary condition over 61% of the global ocean. Overall, our model results highlight the crucial role of extreme and compound events in driving severe impacts on pelagic marine ecosystems.
Combining remote sensing and tracking data to quantify species' cumulative exposure to anthropogenic change
Authors: Buchan Claire , Gilroy James J. , Catry Inês , Hewson Chris M. , Atkinson Philip W. , Franco Aldina M. A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIdentifying when and where organisms are exposed to anthropogenic change is crucial for diagnosing the drivers of biodiversity declines and implementing effective conservation measures. Accurately measuring individual‐scale exposure to anthropogenic impacts across the annual cycle as they move across continents requires an approach that is both spatially and temporally explicit—now achievable through recent parallel advances in remote‐sensing and individual tracking technologies. We combined 10 years of tracking data for a long‐distance migrant, (common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus), with multi‐dimensional remote‐sensed spatial datasets encompassing thirteen relevant anthropogenic impacts (including infrastructure, hunting, habitat change, and climate change), to quantify mean hourly and total accumulated exposure of tracked individuals to anthropogenic change across each stage of the annual cycle. Although mean hourly exposure to anthropogenic change was greatest in the breeding stage, accumulated exposure to changes associated with direct mortality risks (e.g., built infrastructure) and with climate were greatest during the wintering stage, which comprised 63% of the annual cycle on average for tracked individuals. Exposure to anthropogenic change varied considerably within and between migratory flyways, but there were no clear between‐flyway differences in overall exposure during migration stages. However, more easterly autumn migratory routes were significantly associated with lower subsequent exposure to anthropogenic impacts in the winter stage. Cumulative change exposure was not significantly associated with recent local‐scale population trends in the breeding range, possibly because cuckoos from shared breeding areas may follow divergent migration routes and therefore encounter very different risk landscapes. Our study highlights the potential for the integration of tracking data and high‐resolution remote sensing to generate valuable and detailed new insights into the impacts of environmental change on wild species.
Draining the Swamp? Populist leadership and corruption
Authors: Zhang Dong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe resurgence of populism has presented a grave threat to democratic governance across the globe. Drawing on a cross‐national dataset of 155 countries from 1960 to 2020, we leverage the leadership turnovers within countries and use fixed effects models to estimate the effect of populist leadership on corruption. We find that populist leadership is associated with a substantial increase in executive corruption, but not other types of corruption. We also provide evidence that populist leaders are more likely to undermine judicial and legislative constraints, which in turn opens the door for massive executive corruption. We further show that whereas affluent resources exacerbate populist leaders' corruption, high‐quality bureaucracies, strong opposition parties, vigorous civil society organizations, and critical media work to mitigate the effect of populist leadership on corruption. This study contributes to the understanding of the nexus between populism and corruption and, more broadly, coping strategies for democratic backsliding.
Antimicrobial‐resistant Helicobacter pylori in Japan: Report of nationwide surveillance for 2018–2020
Authors: Okimoto Tadayoshi , Ando Takashi , Sasaki Makoto , Ono Shoko , Kobayashi Intetsu , Shibayama Keigo , Chinda Daisuke , Tokunaga Kengo , Nakajima Shigemi , Osaki Takako , Sugiyama Toshiro , Kato Mototsugu , Murakami Kazunari 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial therapy is necessary to eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection. The emergence of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria poses a threat to continued treatment with antimicrobial agents. For those who prescribe antimicrobial therapy, it is necessary to constantly monitor the emergence of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria.MethodH. pylori clinical isolates were collected in Japan from August 2018 to December 2020 for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The agar dilution method was used for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of clarithromycin (CLR), amoxicillin (AMX), metronidazole (MNZ), and sitafloxacin (STX).ResultsMICs for 938 H. pylori isolates were examined. The primary resistance rates of H. pylori clinical isolates for CLR, AMX, MNZ, and STX in Japan were 35.5%, 2.7%, 4.2%, and 27.6%, respectively. The primary resistance rates for CLR, AMX, and MNZ were significantly higher than those of the 2002–2005 isolates. The resistance rate for CLR was significantly higher in females (males: 30.7%, females: 41.5%, p < 0.001) and higher in the ≤29 years age group (54.8%) than in the other age groups, although there were no significant differences (p = 0.104). The MNZ resistance rate was significantly higher in the ≤29 years age group than in the other age groups (p = 0.004). The resistance rate for STX increased with age, but a significant difference was only seen between the 30–49 years age group and the ≥70 years age group (p < 0.001), and the resistance rate was significantly higher in strains isolated in the Kyushu region than in the other regions (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe primary resistance rates for CLR, AMX, and MNZ of H. pylori clinical isolates in Japan were higher than those of the 2002–2005 isolates. Continuous surveillance is needed to monitor the trends in antimicrobial‐resistant H. pylori.
What should inpatient psychological therapies be for? Qualitative views of service users on outcomes
Authors: Morgan Ceri , Clarkson Lucy , Hiscocks Rebecca , Hopkins India , Berry Katherine , Tyler Natasha , Wood Lisa , Jacobsen Pamela 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited research on what, when and how outcomes should be measured in psychological therapy trials in acute mental health inpatient wards.ObjectivesThis study aimed to consider what outcomes service users think are important to measure.MethodsThis qualitative study explored the views of 14 participants, who had an inpatient admission within the last year, on outcomes of psychological therapies using semistructured interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis from a critical realist perspective with both inductive and deductive coding.ResultsThe 126 outcomes that were important to participants were mapped onto an established taxonomy of outcomes across different health areas and the socioecological framework to consider the wider context and help summarise the outcomes. Most of the outcomes were mapped to the intrapersonal and interpersonal level. In addition to the outcome mapping, three themes were constructed from the qualitative data: (1) I am not a problem I am a person, (2) Feeling cared for and loved, (3) What does getting better look like.ConclusionsOur results highlight the need for patient‐reported outcomes which are cocreated with service users, disseminating research and training on preventing dehumanising experiences, enhancing psychological safety and therapeutic relationships and improving access to psychological therapy.Patient or Public ContributionThe wider People with Personal Experience Involvement Committee at the University of Bath were consulted which included a focus group during the early planning stages. We also collaborated with a person with personal experience, at every stage of the research. This included developing our research question and aims, protocol, participant documents (e.g., information and debrief forms), advertisement and recruitment strategy, interview topic guide, the codes, the final themes and quotes and reviewing the manuscript. People with lived experience of being admitted to an acute mental health inpatient ward participated in our study.
Moving subjects: Directions and methodological challenges in the historical study of migrant children and youth
Authors: Fratantuono Ella , Martin Alyssa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOver the last decade and a half, scholars have demonstrated increased interest in studying the history of young people, as signalled by an expanding presence of relevant societies and journals. Though children and young people comprise a significant number of the world's current migrant population, young migrants in the past are not often the central focus of historical research. This article aims to encourage historians of migration and forced migration to increase their engagement with the histories of children, youth, and childhood. Young migrants are moving subjects: they traverse space and time, and their portrayal often encourages compassion. Since the 18th century, they have frequently inhabited social ‘categories of exception,’ and as such have lent meaning to the category of ‘adult’ and ‘citizen’ and to normative expectations of families, communities, and society at large. With this in mind, we suggest that integrating histories of child and youth migration and mobility offers opportunities to reassess historiographical, methodological, and conceptual questions in the field of migration studies, including the relationship of policy to research, the creation of typologies, and the temporality of labels.
Implication of cytoplasmic p53 expression in pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma using next‐generation sequencing analysis
Authors: Jimbo Naoe , Ohbayashi Chiho , Fujii Tomomi , Takeda Maiko , Mitsui Suguru , Tsukamoto Ryuko , Tanaka Yugo , Itoh Tomoo , Maniwa Yoshimasa 
Published: October 2023

AimsCytoplasmic p53 expression indicates a high frequency of TP53 abnormalities in gynaecological carcinoma. However, the implication of this expression in pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) remains unclear. Thus, our study aimed to fill this research gap.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemistry (IHC) of p53 was performed on 146 cases of resected small‐cell lung carcinoma and large‐cell NEC, and next‐generation sequencing was conducted on cases showing cytoplasmic and wild‐type p53 expression. IHC revealed overexpression in 57% of the cases (n = 83), complete absence in 31% (n = 45), cytoplasmic expression in 8% (n = 12) and wild‐type expression in 4% (n = 6) of the cases. TP53 mutations were identified in nine of the 13 cases with available genetic analysis. The TP53 mutation rates in cases with cytoplasmic and wild‐type p53 expression were 88% (seven of eight) and 40% (two of five), respectively. All seven cases showing cytoplasmic expression with TP53 mutations harboured loss‐of‐function type mutations: four had mutations in the DNA‐binding domain, two in the nuclear localisation domain and one in the tetramerisation domain. Clinically, cases with cytoplasmic p53 expression had a poor prognosis similar to that in cases with p53 overexpression or complete absence.ConclusionsCytoplasmic p53 expression in patients with pulmonary NEC suggests a high TP53 mutation rate, which is associated with a poor prognosis similar to that in patients with p53 overexpression or complete absence. This cytoplasmic expression should not be misidentified as a wild‐type expression. This is the first report, to our knowledge, that demonstrates the implication of cytoplasmic p53 expression in pulmonary NEC.
HIV cure: Are we going to make history?
Authors: Payra Shuvasree , Manjhi Pramod Kumar , Singh Shruti , Kumar Rajesh , Singh Sunil Kumar , Kumar Alok , Maharshi Vikas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAt present, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is the mainstay for the treatment of people living with HIV/AIDS. cART can suppress the viral load to a minimal level; however, the possibility of the emergence of full‐blown AIDS is always there. In the latter part of the first decade of the 21st century, an HIV‐positive person received stem cell transplantation (SCT) for treatment of his haematological malignancy. The patient was able to achieve remission of the haematological condition as well as of HIV following SCT. Thorough investigations of various samples including blood and biopsy could not detect the virus in the person's body. The person was declared to be the first cured case of HIV.Literature searchOver the next decade, a few more similar cases were observed and have recently been declared cured of the infection. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane library and Google Scholar. Four such additional cases were found in literature.Description & DiscussionThese cases all share a common proposed mechanism for the HIV cure, that is, transplantation of stem cells from donors carrying a homozygous mutation in a gene encoding for CCR5 (receptor utilized by HIV for entry into the host cell), denoted as CCR5△32. This mutation makes the host immune cells devoid of CCR5, causing the host to acquire resistance against HIV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to look at relevant and updated information of all cured cases of HIV as well as the related landmarks in history and discusses the underlying mechanism(s).
The dynamics of value co‐creation behavior: A systematic review and future research agenda
Authors: Jain Shanu , Sharma Kavita , Devi Sarita 
Published: October 2023

AbstractValue co‐creation (VCC) continues to gain traction as a marketing concept in several service contexts. Given the limited understanding of how the VCC process translates into customers' actual behavior, VCC behavior (VCCB) describes the involvement of customers in the VCC process and includes active behavior during physical, virtual, and mental processes. Extant research on co‐creation unveils the antecedents and consequences of VCCB; however, no single study has assimilated the various factors that interplay in the actual co‐creation process. This systematic literature review of 136 research papers published from 2004 to June 2023, obtained from the Web of Science database, provides an overview of the existing empirical studies on VCCB. We used the established integrated theories, contexts, and methods‐antecedents, decisions, and outcomes (TCM‐ADO) framework and identified the important TCM used in the VCCB research. This review further identified 88 distinct antecedents classified into seven broad categories, decisions, and outcomes of VCCB. Additionally, we synthesized the mediators, moderators, and control variables used in extant studies. The review‐based research findings demonstrate future research directions for each dimension of the TCM‐ADO framework. The research questions presented in this study are set as a future research agenda to further comprehend the nuances of the VCCB that will help service firms implement the VCC process to its full potential.
An OBP gene highly expressed in non‐chemosensory tissues affects the phototaxis and reproduction of Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Han Wei‐Kang , Tang Feng‐Xian , Yan Yang‐Yang , Wang Yan , Zhang Yi‐Xi , Yu Na , Wang Kan , Liu Ze‐Wen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInsect odorant binding proteins (OBPs) were initially regarded as carriers of the odorants involved in chemosensation. However, it had been observed that a growing number of OBP genes exhibited broad expression patterns beyond chemosensory tissues. Here, an OBP gene (OBP31) was found to be highly expressed in the larval ventral nerve cord, adult brain and male reproductive organ of Spodoptera frugiperda. An OBP31 knockout strain (OBP31−/−) was generated by CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis. For OBP31−/−, the larvae needed longer time to pupate, but there was no difference in the pupal weight between OBP31−/− and wild type (WT). OBP31−/− larvae showed stronger phototaxis than the WT larvae, indicating the importance of OBP31 in light perception. For mating rhythm of adults, OBP31−/− moths displayed an earlier second mating peak. In the cross‐pairing of OBP31−/− and WT moths, the mating duration was longer, and hatchability was lower in OBP31−/− group and OBP31+/−♂ group than that in the WT group. These results suggested that OBP31 played a vital role in larval light perception and male reproductive process and could provide valuable insights into understanding the biological functions of OBPs that were not specific in chemosensory tissues.