bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of the rehaemorrhage of bleeding peptic ulcers: effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication and acid suppression
Authors: Kikkawa A. , Iwakiri R. , Ootani H. , Ootani A. , Fujise T. , Sakata Y. , Amemori S. , Tsunada S. , Sakata H. , Koyama T. , Fujimoto K. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryAim : This study aimed to investigate the consequences of Helicobacter pylori eradication and acid suppression on rehaemorrhage caused by bleeding peptic ulcers.Methods : A total of 320 patients who had been diagnosed with bleeding peptic ulcers between January 1994 and December 2001 were included in the study. Cases between 1994 and 1997, prior to the introduction of eradication therapy, were assigned to group A, whereas those between 1998 and 2001, after the eradication therapy, were assigned to group B.Results : Of the 320 cases, 162 were designated as group A (113 gastric ulcers and 49 duodenal ulcers) and 158 as group B (116 and 42, respectively). Rehaemorrhage occurred in 24 cases (15%) and five cases (3%) in groups A and B, respectively, presenting a significantly decreased rate of rehaemorrhage in group B. Among those without eradication, rehaemorrhage was observed in 15 of 128 cases (12%) that received treatment with histamine2‐receptor antagonist (famotidine), and 14 of 142 cases (10%) treated with proton‐pump inhibitors, with no significant difference between the two.Conclusions : Helicobacter pylori eradication lowered the rates of rehaemorrhage. Treatment with histamine2‐receptor antagonist or proton‐pump inhibitors did not produce a difference in the rate of rehaemorrhage.
Histamine‐2 receptor expression in gastric mucosa before and afterHelicobacter pyloricure
Authors: Osawa H. , Kita H. , Ohnishi H. , Mutoh H. , Ishino Y. , Satoh K. , Sugano K. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryBackground: Helicobacter pyloriinfection prevents the occurrence of the tolerance phenomenon of Histamine‐2 (H2) receptor antagonists. Gastro‐esophageal reflux disease develops in some cases with the restoration of acid secretion afterH. pylorieradication therapy.Aim: To clarify the mechanisms of H2 receptor restoration after the eradication ofH. pylorion parietal cells.Methods: We enrolled 80 consecutive asymptomatic male patients withH. pyloriinfection, having chronic gastritis with or without the presence of peptic ulcers. Biopsy specimens from the greater curvatures at the mid‐corpus of the stomach were obtained endoscopically from all subjects before and 12 weeks after the eradication ofH. pylori. Degrees of gastric atrophy were evaluated by serum pepsinogen levels. The amounts of mRNA expression of H2 receptor were evaluated in each subject's gastric mucosa by real time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).Results: H2 receptor mRNA expression levels significantly correlated with serum pepsinogens I and II ratios. The expression level of H2 receptor mRNA was lower in subjects with hypergastrinemia. The median expression level of H2 receptor afterH. pylorieradication was threefold greater than prior to treatment. In addition, its restoration became more pronounced in subjects with severe gastric atrophy. However, a comparatively low restoration of H2 receptor mRNA was found in subjects with hypergastrinemia.Conclusions: H2 receptor mRNA levels decrease with the progression of gastric atrophy induced byH. pyloriinfection, and are restored afterH. pylorieradication. Such expression levels of H2 receptor may explain a part of the tolerance phenomenon to H2 receptor antagonists.
Effect of long‐term half‐dose famotidine therapy on corpus gastritis in peptic ulcer disease
Authors: Kamada T. , Hata J. , Kusunoki H. , Sugiu K. , Ito M. , Tanaka S. , Kawamura Y. , Chayama K. , Haruma K. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryBackground : Recent studies showed that acid‐suppressive therapy aggravates corpus gastritis in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection.Aim : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of famotidine, a histamine receptor antagonist on corpus gastritis in patients with peptic ulcer disease.Methods : We enrolled 287 patients, 173 with duodenal ulcer and 114 with gastric ulcer and 100 patients with H. pylori‐positive gastritis as control subjects. Patients with peptic ulcer were classified according to whether or not they received famotidine‐maintenance therapy (20 mg/day) after primary treatment. At the time of endoscopy, biopsy specimens were obtained from the antrum and the corpus. The degrees of neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration, atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were scored according to the updated Sydney System.Results : The degrees of neutrophil infiltration and atrophy in the corpus were significantly less in patients with gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer than in patients with H. pylori‐positive gastritis (P < 0.01). Differences in the degrees of neutrophil infiltration and atrophy in the corpus between the non‐maintenance group and the maintenance group were not significant.Conclusion : Long‐term therapy with famotidine does not appear to lead to an increase in the incidence of corpus gastritis or corpus atrophy in patients with peptic ulcer disease.
A prospective randomized trial of either famotidine or omeprazole for the prevention of bleeding after endoscopic mucosal resection and the healing of endoscopic mucosal resection‐induced ulceration
Authors: Yamaguchi Y. , Katsumi N. , Tauchi M. , Toki M. , Nakamura K. , Aoki K. , Morita Y. , Miura M. , Morozumi K. , Ishida H. , Takahashi S. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryBackground : It has been reported that inhibitors of gastric acid secretion prevent bleeding after endoscopic mucosal resection for mucosal gastric neoplasm. However, uncertain whether an histamine2‐receptor antagonist or proton‐pump inhibitor is more effective.Aim : To evaluate prospectively the effectiveness of famotidine or omeprazole for ulcer management after endoscopic mucosal resection.Methods : From July 2003 to October 2004, 57 patients were randomly assigned to famotidine or omeprazole for the management of endoscopic mucosal resection. Both drugs were given intravenously for the first 2 days, thereafter by mouth. The bleeding rates after endoscopic mucosal resection, the effects on the healing of endoscopic mucosal resection‐induced ulceration, and cost‐benefits were compared.Results : Twenty‐eight patients received famotidine and 29 received omeprazole. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in patient characteristics. The bleeding rates after endoscopic mucosal resection were not significantly different (18% vs. 14%) between the groups. Similarly, no differences were seen in the size of the endoscopic mucosal resection‐induced ulceration at 1, 30 and 60 days after resection between groups. The total costs of anti‐secretory agents demonstrated a significant cost‐benefit to those treated with famotidine (10 420 yen vs. 17 782 yen).Conclusions : Famotidine is suggested as a better alternative to omeprazole for the management of endoscopic mucosal resection, as it showed a clear cost‐benefit, and the healing results after endoscopic mucosal resection were similar for the two treatment strategies.
Regulation of the ferritin heavy‐chain homologue gene in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Pham D. Q.‐D. , Douglass P. L. , Chavez C. A. , Shaffer J. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, the ferritin heavy‐chain homologue (HCH) gene is induced by blood feeding. This suggests that ferritin may serve as a cytotoxic protector against the oxidative challenge of the blood meal and may be essential for the survival of the insect. In this study, various cis‐acting elements for the gene were identified and mapped. Transfection assays showed that the strength and activity of a subset of these elements are orientation‐dependent. The shift observed for the ferritin HCH cis‐acting elements is unique among known ferritin genes. DNase I footprinting data together with Transfac analyses identified a number of putative sites known for their involvement in developmental and cell proliferation processes.
The use of gene silencing to study the role of dopa decarboxylase in mosquito melanization reactions
Authors: Huang C.‐Y. , Chou S.‐Y. , Bartholomay L. C. , Christensen B. M. , Chen C.‐C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMosquito melanization involves hydroxylation of tyrosine to dopa, which then is oxidized to dopaquinone by phenoloxidase, or decarboxylated to dopamine by dopa decarboxlase (DDC). An Armigeres subalbatus cDNA encoding DDC was cloned and real‐time PCR analysis revealed increased transcripts in blood‐fed and microfilariae (mf)‐inoculated mosquitoes. A double subgenomic Sindbis virus was used to silence DDC and assess its role in melanization of mf. DDC transcription and activity were significantly decreased in silenced mosquitoes, as was the degree of mf melanization 48 h postinoculation; however, melanization increased after 72 and 96 h, demonstrating that DDC influences the rate of melanization. DDC‐silenced mosquitoes also exhibit high mortality, over‐feeding and abnormal movement, consistent with an involvement of DDC in neurotransmission.
Driving midgut‐specific expression and secretion of a foreign protein in transgenic mosquitoes with AgAper1 regulatory elements
Authors: Abraham E. G. , Donnelly‐Doman M. , Fujioka H. , Ghosh A. , Moreira L. , Jacobs‐Lorena M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe Anopheles gambiae adult peritrophic matrix protein 1 (AgAper1) regulatory elements were used to drive the expression of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), a protein known to disrupt malaria parasite development in mosquitoes. These AgAper1 regulatory elements were sufficient to promote the accumulation of PLA2 in midgut epithelial cells before a blood meal and its release into the lumen upon blood ingestion. Plasmodium berghei oocyst formation was reduced by ∼80% (74–91% range) in transgenic mosquitoes. Blood‐seeking behaviour and survival of AgAper1‐PLA2 transgenic mosquitoes were comparable to sibling wild‐type mosquitoes, while fertility was substantially lower. Ultrastructural studies suggest that decreased fitness is a consequence of internal damage to midgut epithelial cells.
Differential expression of a Bombyx mori AHA1 homologue during spermatogenesis
Authors: Miyagawa Y. , Lee J. M. , Maeda T. , Koga K. , Kawaguchi Y. , Kusakabe T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe AHA1 (activator of Hsp90 ATPase) family of proteins were exclusively conserved from yeast to humans, but little is known about their tissue distribution or biological function. In this study, a cDNA for a Bombyx mori AHA1 homologue, BmAHA1, was isolated from the testes of larvae on day 3 of the fifth instar using an mRNA differential display method. This cDNA encodes a protein with 341 amino acid residues. Gene expression studies revealed that BmAHA1 mRNA occurred prominently in the testes. In situ hybridization and immunostaining showed that the BmAHA1 mRNA signals were strongly detected in spermatogonial cells and primary spermatocytes at the fifth larval instar stage, whereas the BmAha1 protein was abundant in round and elongated spermatids at the pupal stage. The localization pattern of the accumulated protein in the elongated spermatids was reminiscent of that reported previously for microtubules, but the BmAha1 protein showed a decrease in apparent concentration during maturation process. The stage‐ and cell‐specific expression indicated that BmAha1 might play a role in silkworm spermatogenesis, especially in postmeiotic differentiation.
A chromosome end satellite of Rhynchosciara americana (Diptera: Sciaridae) resembling nematoceran telomeric repeats
Authors: Madalena C. R. G. , Gorab E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe characterization of chromosome end sequences of Rhynchosciara americana was initiated with the screening of a plasmid microlibrary made from a microdissected polytene chromosome tip. A 268 bp insert chosen for analysis hybridized specifically to non‐telocentric chromosome ends in which reverse transcriptase had been previously identified. Southern‐blot hybridization of R. americana genomic DNA cut with XbaI, the only restriction site identified in the 268 bp probe, showed a ladder composed of multimers of a band in the range of 400 bp indicating a tandem array of the repeat partially represented in the cloned fragment. The complete repeat unit obtained by inverse PCR is 414 bp long, 67% AT‐rich, characterized by the restriction sites XbaI and SalI and displays features typical of a nematoceran telomeric satellite. The telomere‐like repeat is apparently absent from the chromosomes of two other Rhynchosciara species, R. baschanti and R. milleri. Double staining for satellite hybridization and reverse transcriptase in R. americana suggests that the arrays composed of the telomeric‐like satellite do not reach the chromosome ends. This may indicate that telomeric‐like features of some nematoceran terminal satellites do not warrant their telomeric position.
Functional analysis of AeSCP‐2 using gene expression knockdown in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Blitzer E. J. , Vyazunova I. , Lan Q. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effect of gene expression knockdown was used to study the function of the sterol carrier protein‐2 (AeSCP‐2) in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Injection of small double stranded AeSCP‐2 RNAs into mosquito larvae resulted in the knockdown of gene products. The lack of AeSCP‐2 in larvae coincided with a reduction in accumulated cholesterol in pupae, supporting the hypothesis that AeSCP‐2 may be involved in cholesterol uptake in mosquito larvae. Knockdown of AeSCP‐2 caused a high mortality rate in developing adult and reduced egg viability. Results from this study indicate that AeSCP‐2 is important for adult development and for the viability of the eggs.
Molecular cloning and characterization of two digestive serine proteases from the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor
Authors: Mittapalli O. , Stuart J. J. , Shukle R. H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFull‐length cDNA and genomic sequences for two genes (designated mdesprot‐I and mdesprot‐II) encoding digestive serine proteases in Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor, have been cloned and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequences revealed similarity with trypsin‐like digestive serine proteases from other Dipterans. Both mdesprot‐I and mdesprot‐II encoded proteins with secretion signal peptides at the N‐terminals, indicating the proteins are secreted proteases that should function as midgut digestive proteases. A cytological analysis with fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed the cytological localization of mdesprot‐I and mdesprot‐II on the long arm of Autosome 2. Results are discussed in the context of the efficacy of potential protease inhibitors to develop Hessian fly resistant wheat through genetic engineering approaches.
Analysis of antifreeze proteins within spruce budworm sister species
Authors: Tyshenko M. G. , Doucet D. , Walker V. K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSpruce budworm (Choristoneura) species survive sub‐zero winter temperatures by producing antifreeze proteins (AFPs) encoded by a multigene family of short and long isoforms. We report in this study the first analysis of antifreeze proteins from related Choristoneura sister species. The additional thirty amino acid insert found in the longer AFP isoforms maintains the proteins beta‐helix and original fifteen amino acid (Thr‐X‐Thr) repeat motif. Analysis of the beta‐helix region shows more divergent residues surround the conserved Thr residues. Maintaining the beta‐helix structure and conserved Thr residues appear to be paramount for AFP function and surviving sub‐zero winter temperatures. Two other species within the same lepidopteran clade, Ditrysia, do not appear to contain any AFP‐like sequences.
Novel genetic basis of field‐evolved resistance to Bt toxins in Plutella xylostella
Authors: Baxter S. W. , Zhao J.‐Z. , Gahan L. J. , Shelton A. M. , Tabashnik B. E. , Heckel D. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractInsecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are widely used to control pest insects, but evolution of resistance threatens their continued efficacy. The most common type of Bt resistance (‘Mode 1’) is characterized by recessive inheritance, > 500‐fold resistance to at least one Cry1A toxin, negligible cross‐resistance to Cry1C, and reduced binding of Bt toxins to midgut membrane target sites. Mutations affecting a Cry1A‐binding midgut cadherin protein are linked to laboratory‐selected Mode 1 resistance in Heliothis virescens and Pectinophora gossypiella. Here we show that field‐evolved Mode 1 resistance in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, has a different genetic basis, indicating that screening for resistance in the field should not be restricted to a previously proposed DNA‐based search for cadherin mutations.
A few design perspectives on one‐on‐one digital classroom environment
Authors: Liang J.‐K. , Liu T.‐C. , Wang H.‐Y. , Chang B. , Deng Y.‐C. , Yang J.‐C. , Chou C.‐Y. , Ko H.‐W. , Yang S. , Chan T.‐W. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract1 : 1 educational computing refers to a scenario where every student in a group or class uses a computing device equipped with wireless communication capability to conduct a learning task. This paper, drawing from design experiences with our digital classroom environment series and other studies, attempts to describe a few valuable 1 : 1 design perspectives for educational computing inside the classroom. We try to describe the major components of the 1 : 1 digital classroom environment and classify the most important component, student devices, according to a set of features. Furthermore, based on the notion of computing affordance, a set of communication affordances are described. This set underpins three basic educational activities, namely: teacher‐directed instruction, small group learning and individual learning. Finally, scenarios are exemplified for a few typical educational computing devices. This study concludes with a discussion of short‐ and long‐term research possibilities.
Using mobile phones in English education in Japan
Authors: Thornton Patricia , Houser Chris 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe present three studies in mobile learning.First, we polled 333 Japanese university students regarding their use of mobile devices. One hundred percent reported owning a mobile phone. Ninety‐nine percent send e‐mail on their mobile phones, exchanging some 200 e‐mail messages each week. Sixty‐six percent e‐mail peers about classes; 44% e‐mail for studying. In contrast, only 43% e‐mail on PCs, exchanging an average of only two messages per week. Only 20% had used a personal digital assistant.Second, we e‐mailed 100‐word English vocabulary lessons at timed intervals to the mobile phones of 44 Japanese university students, hoping to promote regular study. Compared with students urged to regularly study identical materials on paper or Web, students receiving mobile e‐mail learned more (P<0.05). Seventy‐one percent of the subjects preferred receiving these lessons on mobile phones rather than PCs. Ninety‐three percent felt this a valuable teaching method.Third, we created a Web site explaining English idioms. Student‐produced animation shows each idiom's literal meaning; a video shows the idiomatic meaning. Textual materials include an explanation, script, and quiz. Thirty‐one Japanese college sophomores evaluated the site using video‐capable mobile phones, finding few technical difficulties, and rating highly its educational effectiveness.
Are house dust mite allergen levels influenced by cold winter weather?
Authors: Gehring U. , Brunekreef B. , Fahlbusch B. , Wichmann H.‐E. , Heinrich J. ,   the INGA study group
Published: June 2005

Background:  Moisture is vitally important for house dust mites and they cannot survive in cold or hot‐dry climates.Aims of the study:  To investigate the influence of two extraordinarily cold and dry winters in 1995/1996 and 1996/1997 on house dust mite levels in German homes.Methods:  Dust samples were collected between June 1995 and December 2001 on the mattresses of 655 adults and 454 schoolchildren living in five different areas of Germany. We compared house dust mite allergen Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p 1) levels before and during the winters of 1995/1996 and 1996/1997 with levels after these winters.Results:  D. pteronyssinus (Der p 1) levels in samples taken after the cold winters of 1995/1996 and 1996/1997 were approximately two times lower than Der p 1 levels in dust samples collected before or during these respective winters (Geometric means: Erfurt 89 vs 33 ng/g; Hamburg 333 vs 219 ng/g; Bitterfeld, Hettstedt, and Zerbst 296 vs 180 ng/g). Except for Hamburg, the decrease in Der p 1 levels was statistically significant. D. pteronyssinus levels measured in dust samples collected in 2001 (i.e. 3 years after the two cold winters) show a statistically non‐significant increase (Geometric means: Erfurt 33 vs 39 ng/g; Hamburg 219 vs 317 ng/g), suggesting that it may take a long time for mite allergen levels to increase again after a sudden decrease.Conclusion:  We conclude that Der p 1 levels in German mattress dust samples have been approximately reduced by a factor of three to four by the two consecutive cold winters of 1995/1996 and 1996/1997.
Morphometric and Quantitative Evaluation of the NADH‐Diaphorase Positive Myenteric Neurons of the Jejunum of Streptozotocin‐Diabetic Rats Supplemented with Acetyl‐L‐Carnitine
Authors: de Miranda Neto M. H. , Defani M. A. , Fregonesi C. E. P. T. , Natali M. R. M. , Pereira A. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryIn this study we investigated the effect of the acetyl‐L‐carnitine (ALC) supplementation on the myenteric neurons of the jejunum of rats made diabetic at the age of 105 days by streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body weight). Four groups were used: non‐diabetic (C), non‐diabetic supplemented with ALC (CC), diabetic (D), diabetic supplemented with ALC (DC). After 15 weeks of diabetes induction the blood was collected by cardiac puncture to evaluate glycaemia and glycated haemoglobin. Next the animals were killed and the jejunum was collected and subjected to whole‐mount preparation to evidence the myenteric neurons through the histochemical technique of the NADH‐diaphorase. The neuronal counts were made in 80 microscopic fields, in tissue samples of five animals of each group. The profiles of the cell bodies of 1000 neurons per group were analysed. Diabetes induced a significant increase in the area of the cell body and decrease in the number of NADH‐diaphorase positive myoenteric neurons. ALC suplementation to the diabetic group promoted smaller hypertrophic effects and less neuronal loss than in the myoenteric neurons of the diabetic rats, and in addition diminished the body weight decrease and reduced the fasting glycaemia.