bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanded, compressed, or equal? Interactions between spawning window and stream thermal regime generate three responses in modeled juvenile emergence for Pacific salmon
Authors: Adelfio Luca A. , Wondzell Steven M. , Mantua Nathan J. , Reeves Gordon H. 
Published: February 2024

Climate warming poses challenges to native fish, particularly at high latitudes. We used incubation models to explore how interactions between spawning timing and daily varying water temperature affected emergence timing for five species of Pacific salmon in 33 thermally diverse streams in south-central Alaska. Interactions between spawning timing and stream thermal regime led to three different emergence timing responses: (1) “expanded” by typically 2–3 times the duration of the spawning window for summer spawning salmon at streams with a large annual water temperature range; (2) “equal” in duration to the spawning window, regardless of spawning timing, at streams with upwelling groundwater; and (3) “compressed” for late-spawning salmon where water temperature was cooler at spawning than at emergence. Across all sites, a ±15-day range in spawning timing had influence similar to anomalously warm winters (+2 °C to +3 °C) on the emergence timing window. Differences among species, spawning timing, and thermal regimes suggest that a range of adaptations in spawning behavior will likely enable Pacific salmon populations to accommodate shifting thermal regimes during their early life history.
Macroscopic dynamics of the ferroelectric smectic $$A_F$$ phase with $$C_{\infty v} $$ symmetry
Authors: Brand Helmut R. , Pleiner Harald 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present the macroscopic dynamics of ferroelectric smectic A, smectic $$A_F$$

A
F

, liquid crystals reported recently experimentally by three groups. In this fluid and orthogonal smectic phase, the macroscopic polarization, $${\textbf{P}}$$
P
, is parallel to the layer normal thus giving rise to $$C_{\infty v}$$

C

∞
v

overall symmetry for this phase in the spatially homogeneous limit. A combination of linear irreversible thermodynamics and symmetry arguments is used to derive the resulting dynamic equations applicable at sufficiently low frequencies and sufficiently long wavelengths. Compared to non-polar smectic A phases, we find a static cross-coupling between compression of the layering and bending of the layers, which does not lead to elastic forces, but to elastic stresses. In addition, it turns out that a reversible cross-coupling between flow and the magnitude of the polarization modifies the velocities of both, first and second sound. At the same time, the relaxation of the polarization gives rise to dissipative effects for second sound at the same order of the wavevector as for the sound velocity. We also analyze reversible cross-coupling terms between elongational flow and electric fields as well as temperature and concentration gradients, which lend themselves to experimental detection. Apparently this type of terms has never been considered before for smectic phases. The question how the linear $${{\textbf{P}} \cdot \textbf{E}}$$

P
·
E

coupling in the energy alters the macroscopic response behavior when compared to usual non-polar smectic A phases is also addressed.

Graphical abstract
Mapping EU Externalisation Devices through a Critical Eye
Authors: Xanthopoulou Ermioni 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to scope, map and critique EU externalisation devices in asylum law. The article first evaluates the internal dimension of externalisation in EU asylum law, with the Dublin system being an internal device of externalisation supported by the securitisation of asylum law. The article then maps EU border externalisation manifested in border violence and critically discusses judicial responses to it. Finally, the article scrutinises EU externalisation beyond its borders, as realised by the outsourcing of asylum responsibilities or border controls to non-European countries. EU externalisation is here studied in a multi-faceted way, taking stock of devices from across the spectrum of EU asylum law. It is argued that EU externalisation is wholly underpinned by a neo-colonial narrative of emergency and repulsion that is harmful to refugees as it does not sit comfortably with principles of refugee law or EU and international human rights law.
Curves, Coriolis, and Cross-Channel Circulation in the Hudson River Estuary
Authors: Conley Margaret M. , Lerczak James A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Despite its relatively small magnitude, cross-channel circulation in estuaries can influence the along-channel momentum balance, dispersion, and transport. We investigate spatial and temporal variation in cross-channel circulation at two contrasting sites in the Hudson River estuary. The two sites differ in the relative strength and direction of Coriolis and curvature forcing. We contrast the patterns and magnitudes of flow at the two sites during varying conditions in stratification driven by tidal amplitude and river discharge. We found well-defined flows during flood tides at both sites, characterized by mainly two-layer structures when the water column was more homogeneous and structures with three or more layers when the water column was more stratified. Ebb tides had generally weaker and less definite flows, except at one site where curvature and Coriolis reinforced each other during spring tide ebbs. Cross-channel currents had similar patterns, but were oppositely directed at the two sites, demonstrating the importance of curvature even in channels with relatively gradual curves. Coriolis and curvature dominated the measured terms in the cross-channel momentum balance. Their combination was generally consistent with driving the observed patterns and directions of flow, but local acceleration and cross-channel advection made some notable contributions. A large residual in the momentum balance indicates that some combination of vertical stress divergence, baroclinic pressure gradients, and along-channel and vertical advection must play an essential role, but data limitations prevented an accurate estimation of these terms. Cross-channel advection affected the along-channel momentum balance at times, with implications for the exchange flow’s strength.

Significance Statement
Currents that flow across the channel in an estuary move slower than those flowing along the channel, but they can transport materials and change water properties in important ways, affecting human uses of estuaries such as shipping, aquaculture, and recreation. We wanted to better understand cross-channel currents in the Hudson River estuary. We found that larger tides produced the strongest cross-channel currents with a two-layer pattern, compared to weaker currents with three layers during smaller tides. Higher or lower river flow also affected current strength. Comparing two locations, we saw cross-channel currents moving in opposite directions because of differences in the curvature of the river channel. Our results show how channel curvature and Earth’s rotation combine to produce cross-channel currents.
A Feasibility and Acceptability Study Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Evaluate Drug Use Patterns Among Midwestern People Who Use Drugs
Authors: Tyler Kimberly A. , Eisenbraun Anika R. , Habecker Patrick , Khan Bilal 
Published: February 2024

We use a unique platform called the Open Dynamic Interaction Network (ODIN) app, to collect fine grained, daily data from participants. Our results graphically depict the feasibility of using the ODIN app with people who use drugs (PWUD) in the Great Plains. During fall 2022-spring 2023, 100 participants (53% female), using an Android smartphone with the ODIN app installed, were asked up to 22 questions per day on substance use, stress, and social support over 30 days. The mean overall daily response rates to the ecological momentary assessment questions using the ODIN app was 82%. Overall, 82% of participants reported that the ODIN app was “somewhat” or “very easy” to use. Our graphical depictions highlight, for example, that response rates do not typically drop off until the third block of questions. These findings have methodological significance for those who work with PWUD and other hard to reach populations.
A new approach to smoke control systems in complex atria
Authors: Brzezińska Dorota , Brzezińska Maria 
Published: February 2024

Large occupied spaces such as the atria can have additional internal elements like balconies, stairs, or decorations. Unfortunately, detailed design rules for smoke management systems are lacking in these large contemporary spaces. A series of smoke tests and CFD simulations were conducted to address this shortfall. The project’s first step was realised with full-scale hot smoke tests in Smoke Laboratory, which allowed the observation of a significant influence of the suspended balconies on smoke mass production. CFD simulations confirmed the preliminary observations and were used to evaluate this phenomenon quantitatively. This proved that the wider the balcony, the greater the mass increase. The same fire scenarios were examined with theoretical NFPA 92 correlations dedicated to axisymmetric and balcony spill plumes. They showed that using the standard axisymmetric plume correlation in a complex atrium could lead to a strong underprediction of the required smoke control system parameters. A proposed adapted balcony spill plume correlation can improve the smoke mase calculations. Practical application This study demonstrates that existing standards like NFPA 92 NFPA 204, or BS 7346-4. Do not cover the need for smoke control systems in complex and irregular atria solutions, which often appear in modern buildings. It has been proven that the obstructions in the atrium space significantly influence the smoke mass production. As a consequence, using the original axisymmetric plume correlation in a complex atrium could lead to a strong underprediction of smoke control system requirements. The authors proposed a new correlation for the approach to smoke control systems parameters approach at the design process.
Detecting Gene-Gene Interaction among DNA Repair Genes in Chinese non-Syndromic Cleft lip with or Without Palate Trios
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhou Zhibo , Li Yixin , Wang Siyue , Xue Enci , Wang Xueheng , Peng Hexiang , Fan Meng , Wang Mengying , Qin Xueying , Wu Yiqun , Li Jing , Zhu Hongping , Chen Dafang , Hu Yonghua , Beaty Terri H. , Wu Tao 
Published: February 2024

Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the gene-gene interactions associated with NSCL/P among DNA repair genes. Design This study included 806 NSCL/P case-parent trios from China. Quality control process was conducted for genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in six DNA repair genes ( ATR, ERCC4, RFC1, TYMS, XRCC1 and XRCC3). We tested gene-gene interactions with Cordell's method using statistical package TRIO in R software. Bonferroni corrected significance level was set as P = 4.24 × 10–4. We also test the robustness of the interactions by permutation tests. Setting Not applicable. Patients/Participants A total of 806 NSCL/P case-parent trios (complete trios: 682, incomplete trios: 124) with Chinese ancestry. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure(s) Not applicable. Results A total of 118 SNPs were extracted for the interaction tests. Fourteen pairs of significant interactions were identified after Bonferroni correction, which were confirmed in permutation tests. Twelve pairs were between ATR and ERCC4 or XRCC3. The most significant interaction occurred between rs2244500 in TYMS and rs3213403 in XRCC1( P = 8.16 × 10–15). Conclusions The current study identified gene-gene interactions among DNA repair genes in 806 Chinese NSCL/P trios, providing additional evidence for the complicated genetic structure underlying NSCL/P. ATR, ERCC4, XRCC3, TYMS and RFC1 were suggested to be possible candidate genes for NSCL/P.
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index Combined with Calf Circumference Can be a Good Predictor of Prognosis in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Gastric or Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zheng Xin , Shi Jin-Yu , Wang Zi-Wen , Ruan Guo-Tian , Ge Yi-Zhong , Lin Shi-Qi , Liu Chen-An , Chen Yue , Xie Hai-Lun , Song Meng-Meng , Liu Tong , Yang Ming , Liu Xiao-Yue , Deng Li , Cong Ming-Hua , Shi Han-Ping 
Published: February 2024

Objectives To explore the effect of combined hematological and physical measurement indicators on the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for gastric or colorectal cancer and to screen for the best prognostic indicators. Introduction Gastric and colorectal cancer is a widespread health concern worldwide and one of the major contributors to cancer-related death. The hematological and physical measurement indicators have been shown to associate with the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for gastric or colorectal cancer, respectively, but it is still unclear whether the combination of the two can reflect the prognosis more effectively. Methods Thirteen hematological indicators and 5 physical measurement indicators were selected in this study, and the most promising ones were screened using LASSO regression. Then, the best prognostic indicators were selected by time-ROC curves. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the effects of hematological and physical measurement indicators on the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for gastric or colorectal cancers were evaluated by Cox proportional risk regression analysis. In addition, the relationship between hematological and physical measurement indicators on secondary outcomes, including length of stay, hospitalization costs, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and patients’ subjective global assessment scores (PGSGA), was explored. Results After initial screening, among the hematological indicators, the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) showed the highest mean area under the curve (AUC) values. Among body measures, calf circumference (CC) showed the highest mean AUC value. Further analyses showed that the combination of combined nutritional prognostic index (GNRI) and calf circumference (CC) (GNRI-CC) had the best performance in predicting the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for gastric or colorectal cancers. Low GNRI, low CC, and low GNRI-low CC increased the risk of death by 44%, 48%, and 104%, respectively. Sensitivity analyses showed the same trend. In addition, low GNRI-low CC increased the risk of malnutrition by 17%. Conclusion This study emphasizes that a combination of blood measures and body measures is essential to accurately assess the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for gastric or colorectal cancers. The GNRI-CC is a good prognostic indicator and can also assess the risk of possible malnutrition.
Z-suture scleral fixation intraocular lenses: A refractive and safety report
Authors: Barbosa Renato Correia , Carvalho Rui 
Published: February 2024

Purpose Scleral fixation of intraocular lenses constitutes a surgical option in cases where there is inadequate capsular support or zonular insufficiency. Knotless techniques, such as the z-suture technique, avoid suture-related complications, such as conjunctival erosion or exposure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the visual outcomes and postoperative complications of patients who underwent scleral z-suture fixation of the Akreos AO® intraocular lenses. Methods A retrospective, observational study was conducted, including 22 eyes of 20 patients who underwent Akreos AO® intraocular lenses using the z- suture scleral fixation technique. Results The mean age of the patients was 55,64 ± 28,47 years old, and the mean follow-up time was 25,64 months. The most common indication for surgery was previous complicated cataract surgey. The mean postoperative spherical equivalent was +0,058D ± 0,79D, with values ranging from - 1,50D to +1,00D. Mean best-corrected visual acuity was 0,178 ± 0,15 logMAR. Intraocular pressure was 15,07 ± 2,56 mmHg on the day after surgery, and 16 ± 2,15 mmHg 1 month after. No suture-related complications were observed in any patient postoperatively. One patient had a slight inferonasal lens dislocation and another patient had a severe case of herpetic keratitis posoperatively. Discussion The knotless z-suture technique appears to be a reliable and safe way to fix an intraocular lens in the sclera, regardless of the patient's age. Our results show good visual results and predictable refractive outcomes. Decades of follow-up may be necessary to assess the long-term risk of lens dislocation.
Unusual Cause of Acute Stroke in a Young Woman with Patent Foramen Ovale – Duplicated Inferior Vena Cava and May-Thurner Syndrome
Authors: Longoria Summer , Romito Jia W. , Shah Samir H. , Ray Bappaditya 
Published: February 2024

The etiology of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) may often remain uncertain despite diligent work-up, especially in young people. Although patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a frequent association during such work-up, the actual source of thromboembolism, like deep vein thrombosis (DVT), may not be found. Such associative pathology makes it challenging to prescribe anticoagulation for secondary stroke prevention. We describe a young woman with a known history of PFO who presented with AIS and underwent endovascular reperfusion therapy. Post-thrombectomy, she developed hypoxic respiratory failure due to pulmonary embolism. Initiation of therapeutic anticoagulation was complicated by a retroperitoneal bleed necessitating imaging studies for etiological work-up. Computed tomographic angiography and venogram showed no active contrast extravasation but demonstrated duplication of the inferior vena cava with DVT in the right iliofemoral vein (RIFV). The proximity of the right common iliac artery compressing RIFV against the pelvic inlet is described as May-Thurner syndrome (MTS). Afterward, the patient was successfully treated with anticoagulation and PFO closure. MTS is a rare and underdiagnosed cause of iliofemoral DVT. In patients with known PFO, MTS is a possible cause that needs consideration. Hence, appropriate diagnostic tests are necessary to initiate appropriate management and to prevent AIS recurrence.
Feasibility of implementing a screening tool for risk of opioid misuse in a trauma surgical population
Authors: Baltes Amelia , Horton David , Trevino Colleen , Quanbeck Andrew , Deyo Brienna , Nicholas Christopher , Brown Randall 
Published: February 2024

Background As the opioid crisis continues to affect communities across the United States, new interventions for screening and prevention are needed to mitigate its impact. Mental health diagnoses have been identified as a risk factor for opioid misuse, and surgical populations and injury survivors are at high risk for prolonged opioid use and misuse. This study investigated the implementation of a novel opioid risk screening tool that incorporated putative risk factors from a recent study in four trauma units across Wisconsin. Method The screening tool was implemented across a 6-month period at four sites. Data was collected via monthly meeting notes and “Plan, Do, Study, Act” (PDSA) forms. Following implementation, focus groups reflected on the facilitators and barriers to implementation. Meeting notes, PDSA forms, and focus group data were analyzed using the consolidated framework for implementation research, followed by thematic analyses, to generate themes surrounding the facilitators and barriers to implementing an opioid misuse screener. Results Implementation facilitators included ensuring patient understanding of the screener, minimizing staff burden from screening, and educating staff to encourage engagement. Barriers included infrastructure limitations that prevented seamless administration of the screener within current workflows, overlap of the screener with existing measures, and lack of guidance surrounding treatment options corresponding to risk. Recommended solutions to address barriers include careful timing of screener administration, accommodating workflows, integration of the screening tool within the electronic health record, and evidence-based interventions guided by screener results. Conclusion Four trauma centers across Wisconsin successfully implemented a pilot opioid misuse screening tool. Trauma providers and unit staff members believe that this tool would be a beneficial addition to their repertoire if their recommendations were adopted. Future research should refine opioid misuse risk factors and ensure screening items are well-validated with psychometric research supporting treatment responses to screener-indicated risk categories.
How I reduce and treat posttransplant relapse of MDS
Authors: Mina Alain , Greenberg Peter L. , Deeg H. Joachim 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only potentially curative option for patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Advances in conditioning regimens and supportive measures have reduced treatment-related mortality and increased the role of transplantation, leading to more patients undergoing HSCT. However, posttransplant relapse of MDS remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for this procedure, necessitating expert management and ongoing results analysis. In this article, we review treatment options and our institutional approaches to managing MDS relapse after HSCT, using illustrative clinical cases that exemplify different clinical manifestations and management of relapse. We address areas of controversy relating to conditioning regimen intensity, chemotherapeutic bridging, and donor selection. In addition, we discuss future directions for advancing the field, including (1) the need for prospective clinical trials separating MDS from acute myeloid leukemia and focusing on posttransplant relapse, as well as (2) the validation of measurable residual disease methodologies to guide timely interventions.