bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interimplant Papilla Reconstruction: Assessment of Soft Tissue Changes and Results of 12 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Grossberg David E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Loss of soft tissue between adjacent implants is a frequent occurrence. Reconstruction of the papilla between adjacent implants is often necessary where there are esthetic demands. The purpose of this article is to describe a fixed and reproducible reference line which can be used to measure changes in the height of the interimplant papillae. A surgical technique carried out at the time of the abutment connection surgery is also described to show the changes that may occur over a 12‐month period. Assessment of changes in the soft tissue dimension is shown following a modified flap technique at the time of abutment connection.Methods: With the aid of clinical photographs taken preoperatively, a reference line can be drawn between the highest point of the gingival margins on teeth distal to the intended site of soft tissue surgery. This reference line can be reproduced on clinical photographs postoperatively. Using this reference line, the changes in soft tissue height using a modified flap technique in 12 consecutive patients are presented. Assessment of the vertical height of the interimplant papillae before and after treatment is described.Results: Four patients showed an increase in the height of the papillae when reviewed 12 months following abutment connection. One patient showed no change in the height of the papillae, and 7 patients showed a loss in papillary height. There was an average loss of 0.5 mm in height of the interimplant soft tissue.Conclusions: Use of a fixed reference line to assess the outcome of treatment is necessary when evaluating vertical changes in soft tissue. This reference line is used to assess a soft tissue flap technique carried out at the time of implant exposure. J Periodontol 2001;72:958‐962.
Short‐Chain Carboxylic Acids Produced by Gram‐Negative Anaerobic Bacteria Can Accelerate or Delay Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Apoptosis in Vitro
Authors: Stehle Horst W. , Leblebicioglu Binnaz , Walters John D. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Short‐chain carboxylic acids (SCCA) are metabolic byproducts of anaerobic subgingival bacteria associated with human periodontal disease. We examined the effect of 4 SCCA (butyric, propionic, succinic, and lactic acids) on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) apoptosis over the range of concentrations (1 to 30 mM) found in the diseased periodontium.Methods: PMN suspensions were incubated at 37°C with medium alone (control) or one of the 4 SCCA at concentrations of 1, 5, or 30 mM. Aliquots were withdrawn hourly to assess apoptosis and viability by fluorescence microscopy.Results: Relative to untreated controls, PMN incubated for at least 5 hours with 1 mM butyric or propionic acids exhibited significant delays in apoptosis (P <0.05), while those incubated with succinic or lactic acids exhibited no significant differences from controls (P >0.05). At a concentration of 5 mM, propionic, succinic, and lactic acids had little effect on apoptosis (P >0.05), but butyric acid significantly accelerated apoptotic changes (P <0.05). At 30 mM, all SCCA except lactic acid significantly accelerated apoptosis (P <0.05). Incubation with SCCA did not adversely affect cell viability (typically >98%). Lysates from PMN incubated 6 hours with 30 mM butyric or propionic acids contained significantly more caspase‐3 activity than lysates from untreated control PMN (P <0.05). Moreover, pretreatment with a specific inhibitor of caspase‐3 blocked acceleration of PMN apoptosis by butyric or propionic acids (P <0.05).Conclusion: Low concentrations of butyric or propionic acids delay PMN apoptosis and extend their functional lifespan, while higher concentrations accelerate apoptosis through a mechanism that appears to involve caspase‐3. J Periodontol 2001;72:1059‐1063.
A Combination of a Chemically Modified Doxycycline and a Bisphosphonate Synergistically Inhibits Endotoxin‐Induced Periodontal Breakdown in Rats
Authors: Llavaneras Analeyda , Ramamurthy Nungavaram S. , Heikkilä Pia , Teronen Olli , Salo Tuula , Rifkin Barry R. , Ryan Maria E. , Golub Lorne M. , Sorsa Timo 
Published: February 2005

Background: Chemically modified non‐antimicrobial tetracyclines (CMTs) have been shown to inhibit pathologically elevated collagenase (and other matrix metalloproteinase, MMP) activity and bone resorption in vivo and in vitro.Methods: In the current study, suboptimal doses of CMT‐8 (a non‐antimicrobial chemically modified doxycycline) and a bisphosphonate (clodronate, an anti‐bone resorption compound) were administered daily, either as a single agent or as a combination therapy, to rats with experimental periodontitis induced by repeated injection of bacterial endotoxin (LPS) into the gingiva. At the end of the l‐week protocol, the gingival tissues were dissected, extracted, and the extracts analyzed for MMPs (collagenases and gelatinases) and for elastase, and the defleshed jaws were morphometrically analyzed for alveolar bone loss.Results: LPS injection significantly (P <0.00l) increased alveolar bone loss and increased collagenase (MMP‐8), gelatinase (MMP‐9), and elastase activities. Treatment of the LPS‐injected rats with suboptimal CMT‐8 alone or suboptimal clodronate alone produced slight reductions in the tissue‐destructive proteinases and no significant reductions in alveolar bone loss. However, a combination of suboptimal CMT‐8 and clodronate “normalized” the pathologically elevated levels of MMPs, elastase, and alveolar bone loss, indicating synergistic inhibition of tissue breakdown in this animal model of periodontitis.Conclusions: Combination of a CMT and a bisphosphonate may be a useful treatment to optimally suppress periodontal destruction and tooth loss and in other tissue‐destructive inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. J Periodontol 2001;72:1069‐1077.
Subperiosteal Connective Tissue Grafts for Pocket Reduction and Preservation of Gingival Esthetics: A Case Report
Authors: Nelson Stephen W. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Clinical studies and recent histological evidence following mucogingival surgery for the treatment of gingival recession have documented that when closely adapted to a previously exposed root surface, connective tissue is capable of forming a new attachment. Despite these findings, no clinical tests have been conducted to examine the ability of connective tissue to reduce probing depth (PD) and increase clinical attachment levels (CAL) when it is implanted into periodontal osseous defects. The purpose of this paper is to report the clinical results on a patient following 2 subperiosteal connective tissue grafts.Methods: Subperiosteal connective tissue grafts were placed in 2 sites of periodontal bone loss and deep pocketing in one patient. Following flap reflection and root preparation, a connective tissue graft 1.5 to 2.0 mm in thickness was draped and sutured over each osseous defect and then completely covered by the external flap.Results: Ten months following subperiosteal connective tissue grafting, tooth #7 had 4 mm of CAL gain. Tooth #10 had 3 mm of CAL gain 8 months postoperatively. Both teeth had 1 mm gain in gingival recession. Both teeth probed 3 mm postoperatively.Conclusions: When connective tissue was grafted into 2 periodontal osseous defects, there were significant reductions in probing depth and gains in CAL. There was minimal postoperative gingival recession. The new clinical attachment gain remained stable for 8 to 10 months following subperiosteal connective tissue grafting. J Periodontol 2001;72:1092‐1099.
Root Coverage of a Palatal Recession Defect: A Case Report
Authors: Harris Randall J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Obtaining predictable root coverage has become an important part of periodontal therapy. However, little has been reported concerning the treatment of palatal recession defects. This is a case report which demonstrates a technique to obtain root coverage of a palatal recession defect.Methods: The technique involved elevating a partial‐thickness palatal flap and placing a connective tissue graft beneath the flap and over the recession defect (subepithelial graft). The portion of the connective tissue graft placed over the recession defect was not covered by the flap.Results: Clinically significant amounts of root coverage were obtained (84.6%), although the connective tissue graft was not covered by the flap.Conclusion: Root coverage of a palatal recession defect can be obtained with a subepithelial graft. J Periodontol 2001;72:1103‐1107.
The Putative Collagen Binding Peptide Hastens Periodontal Ligament Cell Attachment to Bone Replacement Graft Materials
Authors: Lallier Thomas E. , Yukna Raymond , Marie Stacy St. , Moses Randy 
Published: February 2005

Background: Bone replacement graft (BRG) materials are often used to treat periodontal defects, to promote cellular invasion, and to encourage bone regrowth. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) incorporate these materials and form the basis of the renewed connection between the existing and newly formed alveolar bone and the tooth surface. A peptide (P‐15) that mimics the putative cell‐binding domain of collagen has been reported to promote dermal fibroblast attachment and proliferation.Methods: PDLF were quantitatively examined for their ability to adhere to a variety of BRG materials fluorometrically. In addition, scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the changes in morphology exhibited by these cells as they attached and spread on several BRG materials. Finally, BRG materials containing the P‐15 peptide were quantitatively examined for their ability to promote PDLF attachment and proliferation.Results: Freeze‐dried allograft bone supports greater PDLF attachment than does several xenograft and alloplastic anorganic bone replacement materials. An anorganic BRG material containing the P‐15 peptide promoted more rapid cell attachment and spreading than a similar anorganic BRG material lacking this peptide. Finally, none of the BRG materials examined promoted PDLF proliferation.Conclusions: Our data indicate that the addition of the P‐15 peptide increases the rapidity of PDLF attachment to xenogeneic bone replacement materials. This increase in the rate of attachment may have clinical significance in the context of the dynamic regulation of cell attachment during periodontal regeneration. However, this peptide does not promote an increase in stable cell attachment or proliferation in vitro. J Periodontol 2001;72:990‐997.
Sinus Floor Augmentation on at the Time of Maxillary Molar Extraction: Success and Failure Rates of 137 Implants in Function for Up to 3 Years
Authors: Fugazzotto Paul A. , De Paoli Sergio 
Published: February 2005

Background: Implant restoration of the posterior maxilla poses significant challenges to the clinician. In an effort to increase the apical occlusal dimension of available bone for implant placement, a number of sinus augmentation approaches have been suggested. This paper describes a simplified technique for predictable sinus augmentation at the time of maxillary molar extraction.Methods: A modified trephine and osteotome technique was utilized to implode the interradicular bone following maxillary molar extraction. Particulate material and a membrane were then placed to maximize regeneration of alveolar bone.Results: One hundred sixty‐seven (1 67) implants were subsequently placed in regenerated bone following the above technique. One hundred thirty‐seven (137) of these implants were restored and in function for up to 3 years at the time of statistical compilation, and 136 of the 137 implants were functioning successfully by the Albrekteson criteria for a cumulative success rate of 97.8%.Conclusions: The technique presented for simultaneous sinus augmentation at the. time of molar extraction, followed by subsequent implant placement after maturation of regenerating tissues, demonstrates a high success rate for up to 3 years in function. Long‐term studies may be useful in evaluating the continual efficacy of such an approach. J Periodontol 2002; 73:3944.
Evaluation of Matrix Metalloproteinase‐1 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase‐1 Levels in Gingival Fibroblasts of Cyclosporin A‐Treated Patients
Authors: Tüter Gülay , Serdar Muhittin A. , Yalim Mehmet , Gürhan Ismet S. , Baloş Köksal 
Published: February 2005

Background: Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressant used to prevent organ transplant rejection and to treat various autoimmune diseases. CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth (CsA GO) is the most widely seen side effect of this drug; its pathogenesis is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to identify and compare matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1) levels in gingival fibroblast cultures of tissues derived from renal transplant patients receiving CsA and exhibiting gingival overgrowth and from periodontally healthy control subjects.Methods: Gingival overgrowth samples were obtained from patients undergoing therapy with CsA, and control tissues were obtained from systemically healthy donors. Gingival fibroblasts were grown using explant cultures. Three different study groups were identified: 1) CsA GO fibroblast culture; 2) CsA‐treated healthy gingival fibroblast culture (H+CsA); and 3) healthy gingival fibroblast culture (H). The levels of MMP‐1 and TIMP‐1 in these groups of gingival fibroblasts were analyzed by enzymelinked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA).Results: The levels of TIMP‐1 were significantly lower in CsA GO than H (P <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the levels of MMP‐1 between H and CsA GO (P ‐0.505). The ratio of MMP‐1 to TIMP‐1 was significantly higher in CsA GO than H (P <0.05).Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that CsA therapy does not have a significant effect on MMP‐1 levels. However, low TIMP‐1 levels can be an important factor in the pathogenesis of CsA GO, since the balance between MMP‐1 and TIMP‐1 levels was changed by CsA. J Periodontol 2002;73:1273‐1278.
Root Coverage of Advanced Gingival Recession: A Comparative Study Between Acellular Dermal Matrix Allograft and Subepithelial Connective Tissue Grafts
Authors: Tal Haim , Moses Ofer , Zohar Ron , Meir Haya , Nemcovsky Carlos 
Published: February 2005

Background: Acellular dermal matrix allograft (ADMA) has successfully been applied as a substitute for free connective tissue grafts (CTG) in various periodontal procedures, including root coverage. The purpose of this study was to clinically compare the efficiency of ADMA and CTG in the treatment of gingival recessions ≥4 mm.Methods: Seven patients with bilateral recession lesions participated. Fourteen teeth presenting gingival recessions ≥4 mm were randomly treated with ADMA or CTG covered by coronally advanced flaps. Recession, probing depth, and width of keratinized tissue were measured preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively. Changes in these clinical parameters were calculated within and compared between groups and analyzed statistically.Results: Baseline recession, probing depth, and keratinized tissue width were similar for both groups. At 12 months, root coverage gain was 4.57 mm (89.1%) versus 4.29 mm (88.7%) (P = NS), and keratinized tissue gain was 0.86 mm (36%) versus 2.14 mm (107%) (P <0.05) for ADMA and CTG, respectively. Probing depth remained unchanged (0.22 mm/0 mm), with no difference between the groups.Conclusions: Recession defects may be covered using ADMA or CTG, with no practical difference. However, CTG results in significantly greater gain of keratinized gingiva. J Periodontol 2002;73:1405‐1411.
Coverage of Previously Carious Roots Is as Predictable a Procedure as Coverage of Intact Roots
Authors: Goldstein M. , Nasatzky E. , Goultschin J. , Boyan B.D. , Schwartz Z. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Coverage of roots exposed by gingival recession is one of the main objectives of periodontal reconstructive surgery. A variety of highly predictable and esthetically acceptable mucogingival grafting procedures are available for treating intact root surfaces. One of the indications for root coverage procedures is prevention of root caries. However, little is known about the ability to treat previously carious roots by mucogingival grafting, and even less is known about the outcome of such treatment.Methods: Sixty patients with gingival recession were treated with subepithelial connective tissue grafts. During initial examination, 33 intact teeth with longstanding gingival recessions of 4.09 ± 0.16 mm (mean ± SEM) and 27 teeth with carious roots restored and unrestored) and longstanding gingival recessions 3.44 ± 0.22 mm (mean ± SEM) were found. Prior to grafting, any carious dentin and plastic restorations were removed. The exposed roots were thoroughly planed and covered by a subepithelial connective tissue graft without any further root treatment or conditioning. Patients were evaluated periodically between 1 and 6 years. Residual recession, defect coverage, and caries incidence were assessed.Results: Recession was reduced to a similar extent on all teeth whether root caries was present (0.31 ± 0.11 mm) or not (0.15 ± 0.04 mm). This resulted in comparable defect coverages of 92.41 ± 2.38% for previously carious roots and 97.46 ± 0.79% for intact roots. In 44 cases, complete coverage of the recession was achieved. The results were stable, and no further recessions or recurrent caries were found during the periodic evaluations.Conclusions: These results indicate that coverage of previously carious roots with subepithelial connective tissue grafts is a very predictable procedure with results similar to those found on intact roots. This procedure may provide a definitive biological alternative for conventional restorative treatment modalities for root caries. Moreover, the results are more esthetic, biologically acceptable, and maintainable. J Periodontol 2002;73: 1419‐1426.
Effects of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Human Gingival Epithelial Cells
Authors: Takayama Shin‐ichi , Yoshida Joji , Hirano Hiroyuki , Okada Hiroshi , Murakami Shinya 
Published: February 2005

Background: Our previous reports found that basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2; bFGF) influences the proliferation and extracellular matrix production of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. In this study, we examined FGF‐2 expression in gingival epithelium and the effect of FGF‐2 on proliferative responses by gingival epithelial (GE) cells.Methods: Human GE cells were isolated from healthy gingival epithelium, and the mRNA expression of FGF‐2 and FGF receptors (FGFRs) was examined by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The distribution of FGF‐2 in gingival tissues was detected by immunohistological analysis using the monoclonal antibody for human recombinant FGF‐2, which was newly established and designated as BF‐2. Further, the proliferative responses of GE cells to FGF‐2 were investigated by measuring [3H]‐thymidine uptake.Results: RT‐PCR revealed that GE cells express FGFR‐1, FGFR‐2, FGFR‐3, and FGFR‐4 mRNA; however, not that of FGF‐2. Employing immunohistochemical staining with BF‐2, FGF‐2 was observed localized in the intercellular spaces of gingival epithelium, though not in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. Interestingly, staining by BF‐2 in the intercellular spaces was diminished after treatment of the tissue sections with heparitinase. Further, an in vitro analysis revealed that FGF‐2 enhanced the proliferative responses of human GE cells. However, costimulation with fetal calf serum inhibited the FGF‐2‐induced proliferation of GE cells, whereas the same costimulation synergistically enhanced FGF‐2‐induced PDL cell proliferation.Conclusions: FGF‐2 is anchored in the intercellular spaces of gingival epithelium via heparansulfate and may regulate the growth and cytodifferentiation of GE cells via cell‐type specific receptors. J Periodontol 2002;73:1467‐1473.
Effect of Surgical Implantation of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 in a Bioabsorbable Collagen Sponge or Calcium Phosphate Putty Carrier in Intrabony Periodontal Defects in the Baboon
Authors: Blumenthal Neil M. , Koh‐Kunst Grace , Alves Mario E.A.F. , Miranda Dario , Sorensen Rachel G. , Wozney John M. , Wikesjö Ulf M.E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) in a proper carrier has been shown to induce clinically relevant bone formation for several oral/maxillofacial and periodontal indications and to stimulate regeneration of the periodontal attachment. The objective of this study is to evaluate regeneration of alveolar bone, cementum, periodontal ligament, and associated root resorption and ankylosis following surgical implantation of rhBMP‐2 in an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) or a calcium phosphate putty (αBSM) carrier in 3‐wall intrabony periodontal defects in the baboon.Methods: rhBMP‐2/ACS and rhBMP‐2/αBSM were implanted in surgically produced, maxillary and mandibular, large size, 3‐wall intrabony defects in 4 baboons. Contralateral jaw quadrants were implanted with buffer/ACS, buffer/ αBSM, or served as sham‐operated surgical controls. Treatments were allocated to left and right, maxillary and mandibular, jaw quadrants following a randomization schedule. Four months following implantation, block biopsies of defect sites were obtained, processed, and subjected to histologic and histometric analysis.Results: Defect sites receiving rhBMP‐2/ACS and rhBMP‐2/αBSM demonstrated significantly greater regeneration than controls. No significant differences were observed between defect sites receiving rhBMP‐2/ACS or rhBMP‐2/αBSM regarding epithelial migration and connective tissue attachment and new bone formation. However, rhBMP‐2/ACS supported signifi‐cantly greater new cementum formation. Ankylosis or root resorption were not observed.Conclusions: The results of this study support the use of rhBMP‐2 to enhance periodontal regeneration of intrabony periodontal defects. While this novel technology holds promise, refinement in carrier systems may provide the key to enhancement of the regenerative potential. J Periodontol 2002;73:1494‐1506.