bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinspirierte Lunge–auf–Chip als Alternative zu Tierversuchen
Authors: Doryab Ali 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChronic respiratory diseases are one of the most common causes of death globally. Biomimetic lung-on-chip (Lung Chip) technologies, as powerful preclinical in vitro models, have been developed to mimic the physiological conditions of human lungs. Lung Chips are rapidly emerging as the most promising and feasible alternative to animal experimentation in pharmaceutical research. Herein, I briefly present the latest advancements in Lung Chips, as well as our contributions to this field of research.
Investigator and participant expectations for returning non-genetic results: insights from the Rare and Atypical Diabetes Network (RADIANT) study
Authors: Noohi Forough , Sundaresan Manu S. , Naylor Rochelle N. , Ross Lainie Friedman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives/Goals:
The Rare and Atypical DIAbetes NeTwork (RADIANT) aims to discover the underlying pathoetiology of atypical diabetes by conducting both genotyping and non-genetic deep phenotyping. While the return of genetic test results in research settings has been investigated, the return of non-genetic results (RoR-NG) has received less attention. We explore the RoR-NG with RADIANT investigators and participants.

Methods/Study Population:
We conducted one-on-one interviews with 10 adult RADIANT participants and 10 RADIANT investigators. Participants also completed two health literacy screening tools and a survey on perspectives regarding return of results (RoR). Investigators completed one survey on experience and confidence in explaining clinical tests utilized in the RADIANT study and another survey on perspectives regarding RoR.

Results:
Most participants were non-Hispanic White. All participants had high scores on health literacy screens. Both RADIANT participants and investigators expressed strong support for RoR-NG. RADIANT participants and investigators acknowledged the different roles and responsibilities between research and clinical care for interpreting and acting on non-genetic results. However, the lines between clinical care and research in returning and acting on results were often blurred by both participants and investigators.

Discussion/Significance:
Our study provides important insight into how both investigators and participants simultaneously distinguish and blur clinical and research roles and responsibilities when discussing non-genetic research results and the return of these results. Further study should engage individuals from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds and with varying levels of health literacy to understand how best to support all participants when returning research results.
Disaster, Heaven, and Political Responsibility: Mencius and Dong Zhongshu on Humane Government
Authors: Kim Sungmoon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the Confucian conception of political responsibility as a political virtue essential for an ordinary non-Confucian ruler's actualization of humane government by paying close attention to the early Confucian discourses of Heaven and disaster. After briefly discussing Confucius's seminal idea of responsibility, this paper shows how Mencius developed the political conception of responsibility, as a noncausal responsibility shared by the ruler and the virtuous ministers for a humane government, especially under the condition of natural disasters. It then discusses how the Han Confucian philosopher Dong Zhongshu reformulated the Mencian theory of responsibility and humane government under radically altered political circumstances by advancing a new version of Confucianism, central to which is the causal conception of political responsibility. This paper concludes by discussing how the evolution of Confucian political theory from Mencius to Dong Zhongshu should be understood with a view to the question of political legitimacy.
Childhood maltreatment and mental health problems in a 10-year follow-up study of adolescents in youth residential care: A latent transition analysis
Authors: Bürgin David , Witt Andreas , Seker Süheyla , d’Huart Delfine , Meier Maria , Jenkel Nils , Boonmann Cyril , Schmeck Klaus , Fegert Jörg M. , Schmid Marc 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChildhood maltreatment and mental health problems are common among young people placed out-of-home. However, evidence on the impact of maltreatment on the course of mental health problems in at-risk populations is sparse. The aim of this longitudinal study is twofold: (a) describe the course of mental health problems and the shift in symptom patterns among adolescents in youth residential care into young adulthood and (b) assess how childhood maltreatment is related to the course of mental health problems. One hundred and sixty-six adolescents in Swiss youth residential care were followed up into young adulthood (36.1% women; MAge-Baseline = 16.1 years; MAge-Follow-Up = 26.4 years). Latent transition analysis was employed to analyze transitions of symptom patterns and their association with maltreatment exposure. We found three latent classes of mental health problems: a “multiproblem”-class (51.8% baseline; 33.7% follow-up), a “low symptom”-class (39.2% baseline; 60.2% follow-up), and an “externalizing”-class (9.0% baseline; 6.0% follow-up). Individuals in the “multiproblem”-class were likely to transition towards less-complex symptom patterns. Higher severity of self-reported childhood maltreatment was associated with more complex and persistent mental health problems. Our study underlines the need for collaboration between residential and psychiatric care systems within and after care placements, with a specialized focus on trauma-informed interventions and care.
Paediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy secondary to Danon disease
Authors: Tang Kai , Wu Jiayi , Liu Xiaoxi , Wang Shuiyun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDanon disease is a rare X-linked disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosome-associated membrane protein-2. We report a case of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy secondary to a novel mutation in the lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 gene in a 10-year-old male adolescent. We performed a modified extended Morrow procedure to minimise the risk of death and improve the patient’s quality of life. The patient did not have exertional dyspnoea, and auscultation did not reveal a cardiac murmur at 1-year follow-up.
A comparison of WPPSI-IV performance between Finland-Swedish minority children and the Scandinavian test norms: Findings from The FinSwed Study
Authors: Salonen Jannika , Slama Susanna , Haavisto Anu , Rosenqvist Johanna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective:The Swedish Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV) is commonly used for assessing young children belonging to the Swedish-speaking minority in Finland (Finland-Swedes), but there is no information about the generalizability of this test and its norms to this minority. Cross-cultural comparisons of WPPSI-IV are also scarce. We compared the performance of Finland-Swedish children to the Scandinavian norms of the Swedish WPPSI-IV and explored the relationship between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, parental education level, bilingualism) and the performance.Method:The Swedish WPPSI-IV was administered to 79 typically developing 5–6-year-old Finland-Swedish children assessed for The FinSwed Study. Their performance was compared to the Scandinavian norms using MANOVA, t-test, and confidence interval comparisons. Associations with sociodemographic variables were explored using regression analyses.Results:Finland-Swedish children performed, on average, 1/3 SD higher than the Scandinavian norms, a difference which was statistically significant with medium-sized effects. However, individual subtests and indexes did not differ significantly from the norms. Significant associations with sociodemographic factors were found for some but not all index scores.Conclusions:This study provides clinically important information for using the Swedish WPPSI-IV with the Finland-Swedish minority and demonstrates aspects that clinicians working with this minority should take into account. The results are presumably partly explained by characteristics of the present sample, and partly by cultural and linguistic differences between the Finland-Swedish population and the Scandinavian countries. The findings also illustrate that cross-cultural differences in cognitive performance may be present even between similar cultures with the same language.
Luminescence Chronology of Reticulated Laterites in the Humid Subtropical Mountains of South China
Authors: Jin Jianhui , Qiu Junjie , Ling Zhiyong , Wei Junjie , Zuo Xinxin , Li Zhizhong , Hou Chenyang , Xu Daiyu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLaterite is a red weathering crust developed with various rocks and Quaternary loose sediments as its parent material in the tropics and subtropics regions of the world. Since the 1930s, researchers have believed that the fluvial reticulated laterite in southern China was influenced by the warm and humid climate of the Middle Pleistocene. In recent years, the remains of Paleolithic human activities are often found in the reticulated laterite of southern China. However, the study of laterite chronology is sporadic or there is no critical chronological analysis, which causes uncertainty in the identification and discussion of the ages of reticulated laterite and Paleolithic sites. In this study, a Paleolithic site found in fluvial reticulated laterite in South China was systematically tested by quartz optical luminescence dating and geomorphic process analysis. The results show that, (a) The T3 terrace, an archive of hominin activity in the study area, primarily formed between 56 and 11 ka. (b) Reticulated laterite cannot be used simply to determine the ages of the Paleolithic sites found in this stratum, and typical reticulated laterite cannot be used as a marker for climatic stratigraphy and chronostratigraphy. The fluvial reticulated laterite in the southern tropics, under suitable hydrothermal conditions, can form within tens of thousands of years or even within 10 ka. (c) Human activities can affect the burial age of reticulated laterite, and the stratigraphic diachronism of riverine terraces can also lead to an inversion in the age of reticulated laterite.
A tumor-associated heparan sulfate-related glycosaminoglycan promotes the generation of functional regulatory T cells
Authors: Martín-Cruz Leticia , Viñuela Marcos , Kalograiaki Ioanna , Angelina Alba , Oquist-Phillips Paola , Real-Arévalo Irene , Cañada Francisco Javier , Tudela José Ignacio , Moltó Luis , Moreno-Sierra Jesús , Subiza José Luis , Palomares Oscar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFunctional Tregs play a key role in tumor development and progression, representing a major barrier to anticancer immunity. The mechanisms by which Tregs are generated in cancer and the influence of the tumor microenvironment on these processes remain incompletely understood. Herein, by using NMR, chemoenzymatic structural assays and a plethora of in vitro and in vivo functional analyses, we demonstrate that the tumoral carbohydrate A10 (Ca10), a cell-surface carbohydrate derived from Ehrlich’s tumor (ET) cells, is a heparan sulfate-related proteoglycan that enhances glycolysis and promotes the development of tolerogenic features in human DCs. Ca10-stimulated human DCs generate highly suppressive Tregs by mechanisms partially dependent on metabolic reprogramming, PD-L1, IL-10, and IDO. Ca10 also reprograms the differentiation of human monocytes into DCs with tolerogenic features. In solid ET-bearing mice, we found positive correlations between Ca10 serum levels, tumor size and splenic Treg numbers. Administration of isolated Ca10 also increases the proportion of splenic Tregs in tumor-free mice. Remarkably, we provide evidence supporting the presence of a circulating human Ca10 counterpart (Ca10H) and show, for the first time, that serum levels of Ca10H are increased in patients suffering from different cancer types compared to healthy individuals. Of note, these levels are higher in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases than in prostate cancer patients without metastases. Collectively, we reveal novel molecular mechanisms by which heparan sulfate-related structures associated with tumor cells promote the generation of functional Tregs in cancer. The discovery of this novel structural-functional relationship may open new avenues of research with important clinical implications in cancer treatment.
A distinct topology of BTN3A IgV and B30.2 domains controlled by juxtamembrane regions favors optimal human γδ T cell phosphoantigen sensing
Authors: Karunakaran Mohindar M. , Subramanian Hariharan , Jin Yiming , Mohammed Fiyaz , Kimmel Brigitte , Juraske Claudia , Starick Lisa , Nöhren Anna , Länder Nora , Willcox Carrie R. , Singh Rohit , Schamel Wolfgang W. , Nikolaev Viacheslav O. , Kunzmann Volker , Wiemer Andrew J. , Willcox Benjamin E. , Herrmann Thomas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractButyrophilin (BTN)–3A and BTN2A1 molecules control the activation of human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells during T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated sensing of phosphoantigens (PAg) derived from microbes and tumors. However, the molecular rules governing PAg sensing remain largely unknown. Here, we establish three mechanistic principles of PAg-mediated γδ T cell activation. First, in humans, following PAg binding to the intracellular BTN3A1-B30.2 domain, Vγ9Vδ2 TCR triggering involves the extracellular V-domain of BTN3A2/BTN3A3. Moreover, the localization of both protein domains on different chains of the BTN3A homo-or heteromers is essential for efficient PAg-mediated activation. Second, the formation of BTN3A homo-or heteromers, which differ in intracellular trafficking and conformation, is controlled by molecular interactions between the juxtamembrane regions of the BTN3A chains. Finally, the ability of PAg not simply to bind BTN3A-B30.2, but to promote its subsequent interaction with the BTN2A1-B30.2 domain, is essential for T-cell activation. Defining these determinants of cooperation and the division of labor in BTN proteins improves our understanding of PAg sensing and elucidates a mode of action that may apply to other BTN family members.
Multifaceted immune dysregulation characterizes individuals at-risk for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: James Eddie A. , Holers V. Michael , Iyer Radhika , Prideaux E. Barton , Rao Navin L. , Rims Cliff , Muir Virginia S. , Posso Sylvia E. , Bloom Michelle S. , Zia Amin , Elliott Serra E. , Adamska Julia Z. , Ai Rizi , Brewer R. Camille , Seifert Jennifer A. , Moss LauraKay , Barzideh Saman , Demoruelle M. Kristen , Striebich Christopher C. , Okamoto Yuko , Sainbayar Enkhtsogt , Crook Alexandra A. , Peterson Ryan A. , Vanderlinden Lauren A. , Wang Wei , Boyle David L. , Robinson William H. , Buckner Jane H. , Firestein Gary S. , Deane Kevin D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMolecular markers of autoimmunity, such as antibodies to citrullinated protein antigens (ACPA), are detectable prior to inflammatory arthritis (IA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and may define a state that is ‘at-risk’ for future RA. Here we present a cross-sectional comparative analysis among three groups that include ACPA positive individuals without IA (At-Risk), ACPA negative individuals and individuals with early, ACPA positive clinical RA (Early RA). Differential methylation analysis among the groups identifies non-specific dysregulation in peripheral B, memory and naïve T cells in At-Risk participants, with more specific immunological pathway abnormalities in Early RA. Tetramer studies show increased abundance of T cells recognizing citrullinated (cit) epitopes in At-Risk participants, including expansion of T cells reactive to citrullinated cartilage intermediate layer protein I (cit-CILP); these T cells have Th1, Th17, and T stem cell memory-like phenotypes. Antibody-antigen array analyses show that antibodies targeting cit-clusterin, cit-fibrinogen and cit-histone H4 are elevated in At-Risk and Early RA participants, with the highest levels of antibodies detected in those with Early RA. These findings indicate that an ACPA positive at-risk state is associated with multifaceted immune dysregulation that may represent a potential opportunity for targeted intervention.
Interfacial alloying between lead halide perovskite crystals and hybrid glasses
Authors: Li Xuemei , Huang Wengang , Krajnc Andraž , Yang Yuwei , Shukla Atul , Lee Jaeho , Ghasemi Mehri , Martens Isaac , Chan Bun , Appadoo Dominique , Chen Peng , Wen Xiaoming , Steele Julian A. , Hackbarth Haira G. , Sun Qiang , Mali Gregor , Lin Rijia , Bedford Nicholas M. , Chen Vicki , Cheetham Anthony K. , Tizei Luiz H. G. , Collins Sean M. , Wang Lianzhou , Hou Jingwei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe stellar optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites provide enormous promise for next-generation optical devices with excellent conversion efficiencies and lower manufacturing costs. However, there is a long-standing ambiguity as to whether the perovskite surface/interface (e.g. structure, charge transfer or source of off-target recombination) or bulk properties are the more determining factor in device performance. Here we fabricate an array of CsPbI3 crystal and hybrid glass composites by sintering and globally visualise the property-performance landscape. Our findings reveal that the interface is the primary determinant of the crystal phases, optoelectronic quality, and stability of CsPbI3. In particular, the presence of a diffusion “alloying” layer is discovered to be critical for passivating surface traps, and beneficially altering the energy landscape of crystal phases. However, high-temperature sintering results in the promotion of a non-stoichiometric perovskite and excess traps at the interface, despite the short-range structure of halide is retained within the alloying layer. By shedding light on functional hetero-interfaces, our research offers the key factors for engineering high-performance perovskite devices.
Motion direction is represented as a bimodal probability distribution in the human visual cortex
Authors: Chetverikov Andrey , Jehee Janneke F. M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHumans infer motion direction from noisy sensory signals. We hypothesize that to make these inferences more precise, the visual system computes motion direction not only from velocity but also spatial orientation signals – a ‘streak’ created by moving objects. We implement this hypothesis in a Bayesian model, which quantifies knowledge with probability distributions, and test its predictions using psychophysics and fMRI. Using a probabilistic pattern-based analysis, we decode probability distributions of motion direction from trial-by-trial activity in the human visual cortex. Corroborating the predictions, the decoded distributions have a bimodal shape, with peaks that predict the direction and magnitude of behavioral errors. Interestingly, we observe similar bimodality in the distribution of the observers’ behavioral responses across trials. Together, these results suggest that observers use spatial orientation signals when estimating motion direction. More broadly, our findings indicate that the cortical representation of low-level visual features, such as motion direction, can reflect a combination of several qualitatively distinct signals.
Experimental characterization of Spherical Bragg Resonators for electromagnetic emission engineering at microwave frequencies
Authors: García-Puente Yalina , Laurin Jean-Jacques , Kashyap Raman 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis work reports experimental investigation and numerical validation of millimeter-sized Spherical Bragg Resonators (SBRs) fabricated using 3D printing technology. The frequency dependencies of the reflection and transmission coefficients were analyzed, and eigenfrequency values were calculated to examine the density of photonic states in air/PLA-polylactide SBRs, showing the appearance of an eigenmode and an increase in the local density of states in the core of a defect cavity. A decay rate enhancement of $${\sim 10}^{2}$$

∼
10

2

was obtained for a dipole placed in the core of the defect SBR. The study also investigated the influence of the source position on the resonator's electromagnetic wave energy. Scattering efficiencies up to order twelve of the multipole electric and magnetic contribution in a 10-layer SBR were calculated to validate the presence of the resonant modes observed in the scattering measurements performed for parallel and perpendicular polarizations. The results demonstrate that SBRs can act as omnidirectional cavities to enhance or inhibit spontaneous emission processes by modifying the density of electromagnetic states compared to free space. This finding highlights the potential of SBRs engineering spontaneous electromagnetic emission processes in various applications, including dielectric nanoantennas, optoelectronics devices, and quantum information across the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
Internet addiction, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms are associated with the risk of eating disorders among university students in Bangladesh
Authors: Banna Md. Hasan Al , Akter Shammy , Kabir Humayun , Brazendale Keith , Sultana Mst. Sadia , Alshahrani Najim Z. , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Salihu Tarif , Azhar Bably Sabina , Hassan Md. Nazmul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe risk of developing an eating disorder among university students is higher than the general population in Bangladesh. Since psychiatric disorders (such as depression and anxiety) and addictive behaviors (e.g., internet addiction) predominantly exist among university students in the country, these may increase their vulnerability to developing an eating disorder. The association of internet addiction, depression, and anxiety with the risk of eating disorders among Bangladeshi university students is relatively unknown; therefore, this study investigates the association. This study was a cross-sectional design. Students (N = 700) from two public universities in Bangladesh completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) tool, and Orman's Internet Addiction Survey (OIAS) to measure exposure variables. Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) assessed the outcome variable. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that internet addiction [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for moderate addiction = 2.15 and severe addiction = 3.95], depressive (aOR 3.04), and anxiety (aOR 2.06) symptoms were associated with an increased risk of eating disorder among study participants. Future longitudinal studies on university students are recommended to gain a better understanding about the causal factors of eating disorder to support intervention initiatives and strategies by public health practitioners and policy experts.