bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multispecies coexistence based on rewilding and degrowth for the sake of global health
Authors: Moyano-Fernández C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The climate emergency is closely linked to biodiversity loss, both in its (anthropogenic) causes (anthropogenic) and possible (nature-based) solutions. Both crises are a major threat to global health because zoonoses, global warming and other climate impacts make present and future generations vulnerable, and aggravate social inequalities. Indeed, this has led some authors to start talking about ecological determinants of health. However, based on a narrative review of recent academic literature, I will argue that trophic rewilding strategies, framed within conservation biology, can ensure global health by stopping the spread of zoonoses and animating the carbon cycle. A first aim of my contribution will be to defend this correlation. Then, my next purpose will be to address how rewilding could favor coexistence with protected or reintroduced keystone species. The recent UN Biodiversity Conference (COP15) in Montreal agreed to extend the care of wilderness areas and restore 30% of degraded ecosystems by 2030, but this is a political as well as a social challenge. The current development model in Europe, based on fossil-dependent economic growth, is a stumbling block for wildlife to flourish. I will therefore argue that degrowth could be a complementary development alternative to rewilding in order to make a more serious commitment to global health.

Key messages
• The ecological restoration of trophic rewilding can contribute to global health by mitigating climate change and zoonoses.
• The development of European societies is based on economic growth, and as this is a threat for wildlife flourishing, a shift towards degrowh could complement rewilding and strengthen global health.
CHH: Health community accessing environmental information from the Copernicus Programme
Authors: Letertre J , Ananasso C , Peuch V H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Copernicus is the Earth observation component of the European Union's Space programme, looking at our planet and its environment to benefit all European citizens. The Copernicus services transform wealth of satellite and ground-based measurements into value-added information by processing and analysing the products. All the information is provided with an open and free data policy to help public national and European authorities, policy makers, international organisations and service providers to improve European citizens’ quality of life. There are six operational Copernicus Services covering the whole Earth System including ocean, land, atmosphere and more horizontal domains such as climate change, emergency and security. To facilitate the use of these information by the different user communities, some Thematic Hubs have been created and are under development. One of the first hubs is the Copernicus Health Hub (CHH) and it is focusing on the health community. The CHH collects and provides all the Copernicus environmental information that are pertinent to Health, following WHO definition: Physical, Mental and Well-being. The health Hub is also supporting the users in better exploiting and uptake Copernicus data and products (via documentation, access to catalogues, inspirational use case stories, ...). In addition, the CHH should collect new requirements for the evolution of the Copernicus programme. In this presentation, the CHH will be introduced in more details, the different types of environmental information will be presented accompanied by some use cases to inspire further developments and new applications for the health community.

Key messages
• The Copernicus Health Hub is a facilitator between the Health community and the Earth Observation and environmental science community.
• The Copernicus Health Hub provide all environmental data at Globale and European scale.
Developing Population Health Management in Ireland-Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Hayes C , O'Reilly O 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Population Health Management (PHM) is the concept of aggregating population data with data from multiple care and service settings, the analysis of that data into a single, actionable patient record, and using the insights gained to identify that population's specific healthcare needs and develop a tailored response to them. This is achieved through the use of data analytics, artificial intelligence, and digital technologies, by stratifying populations according to the risk of deterioration in health. This stratification allows the development of early personalised interventions with an emphasis on prevention, which are key to better outcomes. The overall aims of PHM are to improve the health and well-being of the population, and the patient experience of care, to reduce healthcare costs, to improve workforce well-being and engagement, and to address inequalities in health and care. This discussion paper will cover the core building blocks for PHN, the tools required to carry out population health needs assessment; population segmentation, and risk stratification. The development of PHM and its use internationally will be discussed together with developments and opportunities provided in the context of the Irish healthcare system. It will discuss the current status of PHM development in Ireland using a population health maturity matrix. Evidence and examples of impact will be provided and recommendations to advance its progression within the Irish healthcare system. Challenges for the future advancement of PHM include a better definition of the content of the segmentation analysis and the intervention steps, demonstration of its added value, in particular its cost-effectiveness, and aligning the rationale for action that underpins current customization efforts. Regarding programme implementation, those programmes that are well-supported, funded, and given sufficient time to develop are most likely to demonstrate impact.

Key messages
• Future advancement of PHM requires a better definition of the content of the segmentation analysis and the intervention steps, and demonstration of its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.
• Programmes that are well-supported, funded, and given sufficient time to develop are most likely to demonstrate impact.
Evaluating preconception health and behaviour change following a digital intervention: OptimalMe
Authors: Brammall B R , Garad R M , Teede H J , Harrison C L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Reproductive-aged women are a high-risk group for accelerated weight gain and obesity development. The objective of the current study was to assess the impact of a digital healthy lifestyle intervention for women planning a pregnancy, in optimising preconception health and lifestyle behaviours.

Methods
Australian women with the intention to conceive were invited to participate in OptimalMe. To be eligible women must be aged 18-44 years, not pregnant but wanting to conceive within 12 months of recruitment and have internet access. All participants receive the same digital lifestyle intervention, supported by health coaching and text messages during preconception. A parallel 2-arm design with sequential randomisation to compare telephone with videoconference delivery methods for health coaching was adopted.

Results
Overall, 298 women enrolled, with a mean ± (SD) age of 31.7 (4.6) years and BMI 25.5 (6.3) kg/m2. Suboptimal preconception behaviours were reported at baseline including alcohol consumption (57.0%), infrequent weighing (37.2%), and incomplete cervical cancer screening (15.8%) and prenatal supplementation (38.6%). The OptimalMe evaluation was completed by 217 women, 72.8% of the study population, an average of 4.5 months after commencing the intervention. At follow-up, a significant shift towards desired behaviours was reported for alcohol consumption (non-drinker) (z = 2.727, p = 0.00634), prenatal supplementation (taking supplement) (z=-11.082, p &lt; 0.00001) and weighing behaviour (frequent weigher) (z=-5.291, p &lt; 0.00001).

Conclusions
Results indicate that women who are actively planning a pregnancy require support to optimise health and lifestyle in preparation for pregnancy. Post intervention outcomes suggest that remotely delivered preconception interventions improve lifestyle behaviours and engagement with clinical preconception care objectives.

Key messages
• Digital health interventions show positive change to important lifestyle behaviours.
• Women planning a pregnancy demonstrate sub optional health and lifestyle behaviours therefore interventions are needed to improve this.
The impact of socioeconomic vulnerability on the incidence of COVID-19 in school students
Authors: Olivella-Cirici M , Forcadell-Díez L , Montemayor Cejas P , Sánchez-Valdivia N , Fernández Barres S , Pila Valero M , Reyes Segura A , Pasarín Rua M I , Pérez Albarracín G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Inequalities have been observed in the spread of COVID-19 due to higher incidence rates in environments with greater socioeconomic deprivation. The objective of this study was to analyse the relationship between socioeconomic level and the incidence of COVID-19 in students of schools in the city of Barcelona, in different epidemic waves. Cross-sectional ecological study on compulsory education students (N = 176,390). Unit of analysis: the 780 schools in the city. Study period: second (autumn 2020), third (winter 2020-21) and sixth epidemic waves (winter 2021-22). Dependent variable: Cumulative Incidence (CI) of COVID-19 among school students. Independent variables: complexity and ownership of the school, indexes in quartiles (being Q4 the most disadvantaged) of vulnerable students of the school and the Available Family Income (AFI) of the neighbourhood of the school. Stratified by sex and educational stage (Primary/Secondary). A bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson regression to calculate crude Relative Risks and adjusted (aRR). As an impact measure, the Population Attributable Risk was calculated. In the second wave, 41% of the CI in primary boys was attributed to the vulnerability of the school (Q4: aRR=1.96 [1.10-3.50]), and 36% to a lower AFI in the neighbourhood of the school in secondary boys (Q4: aRR=3.18 [1.25-8.13]). Instead, in the sixth wave, taking Q4 as a reference, 35% of the CI in primary girls was attributed to lower vulnerability indices of the school (Q1: aRR=1.82 [1.52-2.20]), and 38% higher AFI from the neighbourhood of the school in secondary girls (Q1: aRR=1.99 [1.33-2.98]). In the third wave, the results are mixed and less significant in the models. The results obtained show that there was an inversion of the impact of social inequalities in the CI of COVID-19 in the second wave compared to the sixth. This reflects the need to delve into the contextual factors that favour the spread of communicable diseases.

Key messages
• The socioeconomic vulnerability of school students has been associated with a higher Cumulative Incidence of COVID-19 in the second wave, but this pattern has been reversed in the sixth wave.
• Between 18 and 41% - depending on gender, educational level and epidemic wave- of the Cumulative Incidence of COVID-19 in Barcelona schools can be attributed to factors of socioeconomic deprivation.
Diet quality and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 disease: a systematic review
Authors: Sharma S , Di Castelnuovo A , Cerletti C , Donati M B , de Gaetano G , Iacoviello L , Bonaccio M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 disease pandemic highlighted the importance of healthy diets in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease. Evidence suggests the influence of the diet and dietary patterns during post-COVID-19 disease, and the impact of the COVID-19 disease pandemic on dietary habits and quality. However, limited evidence exists on the association between a healthy diet, and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.

Methods
5072 research articles from Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed and MEDLINE databases were identified for eligibility. Only studies that had prospective and cross-sectional study designs were included. Eight studies were extracted and were included in the current systematic review that explored Mediterranean diet and dietary components as dietary exposures, and SARS-CoV2 infection and COVID-19 disease as study outcomes.

Results
Amongst cross-sectional studies, a higher adherence to Mediterranean diet lowered the odds of COVID-19 disease between 12% (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.81-0.97) and 84% (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.08-0.32). Amongst prospective studies, a higher diet quality and adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with lower hazard ratio of 9% (HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.88-0.94), and the odds of COVID-19 diseases by 36% (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42-0.98) to 50% (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.34-0.73), respectively.

Conclusions
Overall findings of the studies in this review support the concept that Mediterranean diet and other nutritious diets might lower the risk of COVID-19 disease. Awareness could be created by promoting nutrition education programmes. Finally, this review highlights the limited evidence, and requirement of further studies to explore the longitudinal associations between diet, and SARS-CoV2 infection and COVID-19 disease in order to make the findings more generalisable.

Key messages
• A nutritious diet is associated with lower risk of COVID-19 disease.
• Longitudinal studies and nutritional awareness is required to promote the importance of diet quality to cautiously prevent the risk of SARS-CoV2 infection and COVID-19 disease.
Long-term study using of short stems with ceramic-on-metal bearing in hip replacement
Authors: Saracco M , Logroscino G , Maccauro G , Fidanza A , Goderecci R , Falez F , Nasi G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Osteoarthritis is a disease that affects about 300 million people in the world. Surgery is indicated in cases where all other treatments have failed, in economic terms expenses are between 1 and 2.5% of the GDP of the most industrialized countries in the world. Hip prosthetic replacement surgery is the gold standard for patients affected by symptomatic osteoarthritis. The ceramic-on-metal (C-M) hybrid hard-on-hard bearing was initially launched on the market with the purpose of reducing adhesive and corrosion wear, loss of metal debris and ions and risk of fracture and squeaking. However, this bearing was withdrawn from the market, in the apprehension of local and systemic toxicity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability and safety of ceramic-on-metal bearing at long term follow-up.

Methods
From 2 cohorts of patients suffering of hip osteoarthritis who underwent total hip arthroplasty using ceramic-on-metal bearing with two different short stems, 19 of the GROUP A and 25 of the GROUP B were suitable for this study. All compared clinically using the Harris Hip Score (HHS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), visual analogue scale (VAS), 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF12P/M), and radiographically. The two groups were compared in terms of metal ions blood levels (chromium and cobalt), and finally all the implanted prostheses were compared with a healthy control group.

Results
All the implanted stems were well osseointegrated at a mean follow-up of 114 months. Radiographical and clinical scores performed well. Chromium and cobalt ion analysis revealed values below the safety threshold except for 3. No revision occurred.

Conclusions
Ceramic-on-metal bearing is safe and reliable at long term follow-up in association to short stems arthroplasty, if the implant is correctly positioned. Chromium and cobalt metal ions blood levels evaluation should be performed annually.

Key messages
• Metal ions evaluations is mandatory in patients with ceramic-on-metal bearing.
• Ceramic-on-metal bearing is safe and reliable at long term follow-up, if the implant is correctly positioned.
Prior morbidity and sickness absence with Covid-19 among wholesale and retail blue-collar workers
Authors: Farrants K , Alexanderson K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Cancer, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disorders, chronic lung disorders, neurological disorders, obesity, immunocompromisation, and schizophrenia or bipolar disorders were found to be risk factors for severe Covid-19. The aim was to determine associations between having such diagnoses and future sickness absence (SA) due to Covid-19 or related diagnoses in 2020.

Methods
A prospective population-based cohort study of all 299,268 blue-collar workers (48% women) in Sweden in 2018, using linked microdata from four nationwide registers covering 2018-2020. People with any of the above diagnoses in 2018 or 2019 were identified using microdata from specialised in- and outpatient healthcare and prescribed drugs. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of a new SA spell &gt;14 days due to diagnosed Covid-19 or one of the diagnoses used by the Social Insurance Agency for suspected Covid-19 in 2020, separately for each diagnosis group and a global estimate for all risk factors together, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics.

Results
In total, 38,422 individuals had at least one of the diagnoses that was a risk factor for severe Covid-19. Of them, 284 individuals had SA due to Covid-19 or related diagnoses (0.7%) in 2020, while 1210 of those with no such risk factor for Covid-19 had SA due to Covid-19 or related diagnoses (0.5%). The adjusted OR of SA due to Covid-19 or related diagnoses was 1.37 (95% CI 1.20-1.56) for those who had any risk factors for severe Covid-19. The group of diagnoses with the highest adjusted OR for SA in Covid-19-related diagnoses was lung disease (2.23; 95% CI 1.93-2.56).

Conclusions
While only a few of those with prior morbidity that was a risk factor for severe Covid-19 had SA due to Covid-19 or related diagnoses in 2020, they had a higher risk than those without such prior morbidity.

Key messages
• Having prior morbidity with a diagnosis identified as a risk factor for severe Covid-19 was associated with a higher risk of having SA due to Covid-19 or related diagnoses in 2020.
• Prior lung disease was the diagnosis group with the highest risk of SA due to Covid-19 or related diagnoses.
Regional public health staff workplace psychosocial risk assessment and health promotion initiative
Authors: Ryan L , Edwards D , Lee J , Connor D O , Kane G O , Smith L , Cooney F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Psychosocial work conditions can be detrimental to worker wellbeing with 70% of healthcare workers reporting work related stress, which may lead to burnout. Despite European health and safety legislation, managers rarely assess and manage workplace psychosocial risks. The Public Health workforce in Ireland, already impacted by the pandemic, is currently experiencing major organisational change as a result of the ongoing Public Health Reform Process. This paper describes the structures, processes and outcomes involved in a Public Health staff (n = 56) workplace psychosocial risk assessment, guided by the European Framework for Psychosocial risk Management: PRIMA-EF, using the HSE Work Positive CI psychosocial risk assessment survey. The establishment of a multidisciplinary Health & Wellbeing (H&W) group, under the governance of the Area Senior Management Team, was key to guide the process, including a workplace health promotion initiative, influenced by Positive Psychology framework (PERMA). The response rate to the survey was 70% (n = 40), with half of staff reporting psychological distress. Work stressors included role clarity, demand, change and control, scoring below average compared to Irish organisational norms. Relationships and manager support scored highly. The H&W group shared results promptly with all staff and formulated iterative mitigation measures, including HSE Change Management and HSE Health & Wellbeing consultants, based on the survey action plan and staff feedback. Five months later a repeat survey revealed continuing issues around role clarity and demands, with change and control showing an improvement. Further exploration of these results, and an evaluation, informed by staff feedback is ongoing and iterative. Lessons learnt include the importance of embedding a dedicated H&W multidisciplinary group to lead the continuous process; senior management support; employee involvement and effective utilisation of existing organisational tools and supports.

Key messages
• It is a public health imperative to promote risk assessment and mitigation of healthcare workplace stressors to safeguard employee wellbeing and ensure health service resilience and patient safety.
• Effective workplace psychosocial risk assessment and implementation of targeted mitigation measures requires management support and a continuous iterative collaborative quality improvement process.
The scope of psychosocial factors among resident physicians and their links to occupational burnout
Authors: Kaliniene G , Žutautienė R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
High work demand, low authority and decision-making latitude and constantly changing situations put residents’ physicians under increased pressure, causing burnout resulting in reduced workability and wellness. The awareness of the most critical factors is crucial for the development of preventive occupational interventions to reduce burnout and stress.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected with the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) from 233 hospital resident physicians.

Results
The descriptive analysis showed that the psychosocial work environment was negative in the resident physicians’ population - about a third (35.5%) of respondents had low job skill discretion and 40% complained about weak decision-making authority therefore 45% were classified as having low job control. More than one-third (39.1%) of respondents had high job demands and about a quarter had weak co-worker and supervisor support (24.9% and 24.5% respectively) and 37% felt insecure at work. The statistical analysis showed a high frequency of personal (PB), work-related (WB) and client-related burnout (CB) - 53.6%, 62.2%, and 33% respectively. The multiple stepwise regression models for each burnout dimension revealed that job skill discretion was found to have a buffering effect and reduced personal and work-related burnout odds by an average of 12% and 16% respectively. Each one-unit increase in job demands score increased the probability of all burnout dimensions by an average of 9% (PB), 13% (WB) and 18% (CB). The increase in scores of insecurity at work increased the probability of PB (B = 1.2) and CB (B = 1.3). The co-workers’ support reduced the probability of CB by 20%.

Conclusions
The result of this study indicated that promoting job skills discretion and co-workers’ support and reducing job demands and insecurity at work could be the most effective way to reduce occupational burnout among young physicians.

Key messages
• Physicians residents are particularly vulnerable to occupational burnout.
• In solving the issue of professional burnout among young doctors, the focus must be directed to ensuring work control and optimizing workload.