bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformation Mechanisms, Microstructures, and Seismic Anisotropy of Wadsleyite in the Earth's Transition Zone
Authors: Ledoux Estelle E. , Saki Morvarid , Gay Jeffrey P. , Krug Matthias , Castelnau Olivier , Zhou Wen‐Yi , Zhang Jin S. , Chantel Julien , Hilairet Nadège , Bykov Maxim , Bykova Elena , Aprilis Georgios , Svitlyk Volodymyr , Garbarino Gaston , Sanchez‐Valle Carmen , Thomas Christine , Speziale Sergio , Merkel Sébastien 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWadsleyite is the dominant mineral of the upper portion of the Earth's mantle transition zone (MTZ). As such, understanding plastic deformation of wadsleyite is relevant for the interpretation of observations of seismic signals from this region in terms of mantle flow. Despite its relevance, however, the deformation mechanisms of wadsleyite and their effects on microstructures and anisotropy are still poorly understood. Here, we present the results of new deformation experiments on polycrystalline wadsleyite at temperatures of 1400–1770 K and pressures between 12.3 and 20.3 GPa in the laser‐heated diamond anvil cell. We rely on multigrain X‐ray crystallography to follow the evolution of individual grain orientations and extract lattice preferred orientations at the sample scale at different steps of the experiments. A comparison of experimental results of our work and the literature with polycrystal plasticity simulations, indicates that 〈111〉{101} is the most active slip system of dislocations in wadsleyite at all investigated conditions. Secondary slip systems such as [001](010), [100](001), and [100]{0kl}, however, play a critical role in the resulting microstructures and their activity depends on both temperature and water content, from which we extract an updated deformation map of wadsleyite at MTZ conditions. Lastly, we propose several seismic anisotropy models of the upper part of the MTZ, depending on temperature, geophysical context, and levels of hydration that will be useful for the interpretation of seismic signals from the MTZ in terms of mantle flow and water content.
Lithospheric Structure Controls Sequentially Active Detachment Faulting at the Longqi Segment on the Southwest Indian Ridge
Authors: Chen Ming , Tao Chunhui , Rüpke Lars H. , Liu Yunlong , Wang Hanchuang , Liu Sibiao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOceanic detachment faulting, a major mode of seafloor accretion at slow and ultraslow spreading ridges, is thought to occur during magma‐poor phases and be abandoned when magmatism increases. In this framework, detachment faulting is the result of temporal variations in magma flux, which is inconsistent with recent geophysical observations at the Longqi segment on the Southwest Indian Ridge (49°42′E). In this paper, we focus on this sequentially active detachment faulting system that includes an old, inactive detachment fault and a younger, active detachment fault. We investigate the mechanisms controlling the temporal evolution of this tectonomagmatic system by using 2D mid‐ocean ridge spreading models that simulate faulting and magma intrusion into a visco‐elasto‐plastic continuum. Our models show that temporal variations in magma flux alone are insufficient to match the inferred temporal evolution of the sequentially active detachment system. Rather we find that sequentially active detachment faulting spontaneously occurs at the Longqi segment as a function of lithospheric thickness. This finding is in agreement with an analytical model, which shows that a thicker axial lithosphere results in a smaller fault heave and that a flatter angle in lithosphere thickening away from the accretion axis stabilizes the active fault. A thicker axial lithosphere and its flatter off‐axis angle combined have the potential to modulate sequentially active detachment faulting at the Longqi segment. Our results thus suggest that temporal changes of magmatism are not necessary for the development and abandonment of detachment faults at ultraslow spreading ridges.
Subseasonal Clustering of Atmospheric Rivers Over the Western United States
Authors: Slinskey Emily A. , Hall Alex , Goldenson Naomi , Loikith Paul C. , Norris Jesse 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe serial occurrence of atmospheric rivers (ARs) along the US West Coast can lead to prolonged and exacerbated hydrologic impacts, threatening flood‐control and water‐supply infrastructure due to soil saturation and diminished recovery time between storms. Here a statistical approach for quantifying subseasonal temporal clustering among extreme events is applied to a 41‐year (1979–2019) wintertime AR catalog across the western United States (US). Observed AR occurrence, compared against a randomly distributed AR timeseries with the same average event density, reveals temporal clustering at a greater‐than‐random rate across the western US with a distinct geographical pattern. Compared to the Pacific Northwest, significant AR clusters over the northern Coastal Range of California and Sierra Nevada are more frequent and occur over longer time periods. Clusters along the California Coastal Range typically persist for 2 weeks, are composed of 4–5 ARs per cluster, and account for over 85% of total AR occurrence. Across the northwest Coast‐Cascade Ranges, clusters account for ∼50% of total AR occurrence, typically last 8–10 days, and contain 3–4 individual AR events. Based on precipitation data from a high‐resolution dynamical downscaling of reanalysis, the fractions of total and extreme hourly precipitation attributable to AR clusters are largest along the northern California coast and in the Sierra Nevada. Interannual variability among clusters highlights their importance for determining whether a particular water year is anomalously wet or dry. The mechanisms behind this unusual clustering are unclear and require further research.
High Resolution Mapping of Nitrate Loads of a Reservoir Using an Uncrewed Surface Vehicle: Potential Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Lee Kwang‐Hun , Ali Shahid , Kim Yena , Lee Kitack , Kwon Sae Yun , Kam Jonghun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractReliable nutrient load estimation of a reservoir is challenging due to inconsistent spatial extent and temporal frequency of water quality and quantity measurements. This study aims to collect consistent spatial extent and temporal frequency of water depths and nitrate concentrations of a reservoir in South Korea using uncrewed surface vehicle (USV). In this study, reservoir nitrate loads were estimated using four methods to examine how spatial variation in water depth and nitrate concentrations affected load estimates. Based on dual measurements of water depth and nitrate concentration, reservoir nitrate loads across 30 sampling dates (0.7 million tons of fresh water on average) ranged from one to four tons. Results showed that a point measurement of water depths and nitrate concentrations can cause up to −17% of underestimation of nitrate loads, particularly after intense rainfall events. This study highlights potential opportunities and challenges of the USV‐based dual monitoring systems for water quality and quantity.
The effects of experience of discrimination and acculturation during pregnancy on the developing offspring brain
Authors: Spann Marisa N. , Alleyne Kiarra , Holland Cristin M. , Davids Antonette , Pierre-Louis Arline , Bang Claire , Oyeneye Victoria , Kiflom Rebecca , Shea Eileen , Cheng Bin , Peterson Bradley S. , Monk Catherine , Scheinost Dustin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe experience of ethnic, racial, and structural inequalities is increasingly recognized as detrimental to health, and early studies suggest that its experience in pregnant mothers may affect the developing fetus. We characterized discrimination and acculturation experiences in a predominantly Hispanic sample of pregnant adolescent women and assessed their association with functional connectivity in their neonate’s brain. We collected self-report measures of acculturation, discrimination, maternal distress (i.e., perceived stress, childhood trauma, and depressive symptoms), and socioeconomic status in 165 women. Then, we performed a data-driven clustering of acculturation, discrimination, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, trauma, and socioeconomic status variables during pregnancy to determine whether discrimination or acculturation clustered into distinct factors. Discrimination and acculturation styles loaded onto different factors from perceived stress, depressive symptoms, trauma, and socioeconomic status, suggesting that they were distinct from other factors in our sample. We associated these data-driven maternal phenotypes (discrimination and acculturation styles) with measures of resting-state functional MRI connectivity of the infant amygdala (n = 38). Higher maternal report of assimilation was associated with weaker connectivity between their neonate’s amygdala and bilateral fusiform gyrus. Maternal experience of discrimination was associated with weaker connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex and stronger connectivity between the amygdala and fusiform of their neonate. Cautiously, the results may suggest a similarity to self-contained studies with adults, noting that the experience of discrimination and acculturation may influence amygdala circuitry across generations. Further prospective studies are essential that consider a more diverse population of minoritized individuals and with a comprehensive assessment of ethnic, racial, and structural factors.
mTOR inhibition suppresses salinomycin-induced ferroptosis in breast cancer stem cells by ironing out mitochondrial dysfunctions
Authors: Cosialls Emma , Pacreau Emeline , Duruel Clémence , Ceccacci Sara , Elhage Rima , Desterke Christophe , Roger Kevin , Guerrera Chiara , Ducloux Romane , Souquere Sylvie , Pierron Gérard , Nemazanyy Ivan , Kelly Mairead , Dalmas Elise , Chang Yunhua , Goffin Vincent , Mehrpour Maryam , Hamaï Ahmed 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFerroptosis constitutes a promising therapeutic strategy against cancer by efficiently targeting the highly tumorigenic and treatment-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). We previously showed that the lysosomal iron-targeting drug Salinomycin (Sal) was able to eliminate CSCs by triggering ferroptosis. Here, in a well-established breast CSCs model (human mammary epithelial HMLER CD24low/CD44high), we identified that pharmacological inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), suppresses Sal-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, mTOR inhibition modulates iron cellular flux and thereby limits iron-mediated oxidative stress. Furthermore, integration of multi-omics data identified mitochondria as a key target of Sal action, leading to profound functional and structural alteration prevented by mTOR inhibition. On top of that, we found that Sal-induced metabolic plasticity is mainly dependent on the mTOR pathway. Overall, our findings provide experimental evidence for the mechanisms of mTOR as a crucial effector of Sal-induced ferroptosis pointing not only that metabolic reprogramming regulates ferroptosis, but also providing proof-of-concept that careful evaluation of such combination therapy (here mTOR and ferroptosis co-targeting) is required in the development of an effective treatment.
BRISC is required for optimal activation of NF-κB in Kupffer cells induced by LPS and contributes to acute liver injury
Authors: Zhang Wen , Liu Kai , Ren Guang-Ming , Wang Yu , Wang Ting , Liu Xian , Li Dong-Xu , Xiao Yang , Chen Xu , Li Ya-Ting , Zhan Yi-Qun , Xiang Shen-Si , Chen Hui , Gao Hui-Ying , Zhao Ke , Yu Miao , Ge Chang-Hui , Li Chang-Yan , Ge Zhi-Qiang , Yang Xiao-Ming , Yin Rong-Hua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBRISC (BRCC3 isopeptidase complex) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that has been linked with inflammatory processes, but its role in liver diseases and the underlying mechanism are unknown. Here, we investigated the pathophysiological role of BRISC in acute liver failure using a mice model induced by D-galactosamine (D-GalN) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that the expression of BRISC components was dramatically increased in kupffer cells (KCs) upon LPS treatment in vitro or by the injection of LPS in D-GalN-sensitized mice. D-GalN plus LPS-induced liver damage and mortality in global BRISC-null mice were markedly attenuated, which was accompanied by impaired hepatocyte death and hepatic inflammation response. Constantly, treatment with thiolutin, a potent BRISC inhibitor, remarkably alleviated D-GalN/LPS-induced liver injury in mice. By using bone marrow-reconstituted chimeric mice and cell-specific BRISC-deficient mice, we demonstrated that KCs are the key effector cells responsible for protection against D-GalN/LPS-induced liver injury in BRISC-deficient mice. Mechanistically, we found that hepatic and circulating levels of TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-1β, as well as TNF-α- and MCP-1-producing KCs, in BRISC-deleted mice were dramatically decreased as early as 1 h after D-GalN/LPS challenge, which occurred prior to the elevation of the liver injury markers. Moreover, LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines production in KCs was significantly diminished by BRISC deficiency in vitro, which was accompanied by potently attenuated NF-κB activation. Restoration of NF-κB activation by two small molecular activators of NF-κB p65 effectively reversed the suppression of cytokines production in ABRO1-deficient KCs by LPS. In conclusion, BRISC is required for optimal activation of NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory cytokines production in LPS-treated KCs and contributes to acute liver injury. This study opens the possibility to develop new strategies for the inhibition of KCs-driven inflammation in liver diseases.
Single cell dynamics of tumor specificity vs bystander activity in CD8+ T cells define the diverse immune landscapes in colorectal cancer
Authors: Borràs Daniel Morales , Verbandt Sara , Ausserhofer Markus , Sturm Gregor , Lim Jinyeong , Verge Gil Arasa , Vanmeerbeek Isaure , Laureano Raquel S. , Govaerts Jannes , Sprooten Jenny , Hong Yourae , Wall Rebecca , De Hertogh Gert , Sagaert Xavier , Bislenghi Gabriele , D’Hoore André , Wolthuis Albert , Finotello Francesca , Park Woong-Yang , Naulaerts Stefan , Tejpar Sabine , Garg Abhishek D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCD8+ T cell activation via immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is successful in microsatellite instable (MSI) colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. By comparison, the success of immunotherapy against microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC is limited. Little is known about the most critical features of CRC CD8+ T cells that together determine the diverse immune landscapes and contrasting ICB responses. Hence, we pursued a deep single cell mapping of CRC CD8+ T cells on transcriptomic and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire levels in a diverse patient cohort, with additional surface proteome validation. This revealed that CRC CD8+ T cell dynamics are underscored by complex interactions between interferon-γ signaling, tumor reactivity, TCR repertoire, (predicted) TCR antigen-specificities, and environmental cues like gut microbiome or colon tissue-specific ‘self-like’ features. MSI CRC CD8+ T cells showed tumor-specific activation reminiscent of canonical ‘T cell hot’ tumors, whereas the MSS CRC CD8+ T cells exhibited tumor unspecific or bystander-like features. This was accompanied by inflammation reminiscent of ‘pseudo-T cell hot’ tumors. Consequently, MSI and MSS CRC CD8+ T cells showed overlapping phenotypic features that differed dramatically in their TCR antigen-specificities. Given their high discriminating potential for CD8+ T cell features/specificities, we used the single cell tumor-reactive signaling modules in CD8+ T cells to build a bulk tumor transcriptome classification for CRC patients. This “Immune Subtype Classification” (ISC) successfully distinguished various tumoral immune landscapes that showed prognostic value and predicted immunotherapy responses in CRC patients. Thus, we deliver a unique map of CRC CD8+ T cells that drives a novel tumor immune landscape classification, with relevance for immunotherapy decision-making.
Hippocampal firing fields anchored to a moving object predict homing direction during path-integration-based behavior
Authors: Najafian Jazi Maryam , Tymorek Adrian , Yen Ting-Yun , Jose Kavarayil Felix , Stingl Moritz , Chau Sherman Richard , Baskurt Benay , García Vilela Celia , Allen Kevin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHoming based on path integration (H-PI) is a form of navigation in which an animal uses self-motion cues to keep track of its position and return to a starting point. Despite evidence for a role of the hippocampus in homing behavior, the hippocampal spatial representations associated with H-PI are largely unknown. Here we developed a homing task (AutoPI task) that required a mouse to find a randomly placed lever on an arena before returning to its home base. Recordings from the CA1 area in male mice showed that hippocampal neurons remap between random foraging and AutoPI task, between trials in light and dark conditions, and between search and homing behavior. During the AutoPI task, approximately 25% of the firing fields were anchored to the lever position. The activity of 24% of the cells with a lever-anchored field predicted the homing direction of the animal on each trial. Our results demonstrate that the activity of hippocampal neurons with object-anchored firing fields predicts homing behavior.
Altered corollary discharge signaling in the auditory cortex of a mouse model of schizophrenia predisposition
Authors: Rummell Brian P. , Bikas Solmaz , Babl Susanne S. , Gogos Joseph A. , Sigurdsson Torfi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe ability to distinguish sensations that are self-generated from those caused by external events is disrupted in schizophrenia patients. However, the neural circuit abnormalities underlying this sensory impairment and its relationship to the risk factors for the disease is not well understood. To address this, we examined the processing of self-generated sounds in male Df(16)A+/− mice, which model one of the largest genetic risk factors for schizophrenia, the 22q11.2 microdeletion. We find that auditory cortical neurons in Df(16)A+/− mice fail to attenuate their responses to self-generated sounds, recapitulating deficits seen in schizophrenia patients. Notably, the auditory cortex of Df(16)A+/− mice displayed weaker motor-related signals and received fewer inputs from the motor cortex, suggesting an anatomical basis underlying the sensory deficit. These results provide insights into the mechanisms by which a major genetic risk factor for schizophrenia disrupts the top-down processing of sensory information.
Lead-free Zr-doped ceria ceramics with low permittivity displaying giant electrostriction
Authors: Varenik Maxim , Xu Boyuan , Li Junying , Gaver Elad , Wachtel Ellen , Ehre David , Routh Prahlad K. , Khodorov Sergey , Frenkel Anatoly I. , Qi Yue , Lubomirsky Igor 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectrostrictors, materials developing mechanical strain proportional to the square of the applied electric field, present many advantages for mechanical actuation as they convert electrical energy into mechanical, but not vice versa. Both high relative permittivity and reliance on Pb as the key component in commercial electrostrictors pose serious practical and health problems. Here we describe a low relative permittivity (<250) ceramic, ZrxCe1-xO2 (x < 0.2), that displays electromechanical properties rivaling those of the best performing electrostrictors: longitudinal electrostriction strain coefficient ~10−16 m2/V2; relaxation frequency ≈ a few kHz; and strain ≥0.02%. Combining X-ray absorption spectroscopy, atomic-level modeling and electromechanical measurements, here we show that electrostriction in ZrxCe1-xO2 is enabled by elastic dipoles produced by anharmonic motion of the smaller isovalent dopant (Zr). Unlike the elastic dipoles in aliovalent doped ceria, which are present even in the absence of an applied elastic or electric field, the elastic dipoles in ZrxCe1-xO2 are formed only under applied anisotropic field. The local descriptors of electrostrictive strain, namely, the cation size mismatch and dynamic anharmonicity, are sufficiently versatile to guide future searches in other polycrystalline solids.
PAX3-FOXO1 dictates myogenic reprogramming and rhabdomyosarcoma identity in endothelial progenitors
Authors: Searcy Madeline B. , Larsen Randolph K. , Stevens Bradley T. , Zhang Yang , Jin Hongjian , Drummond Catherine J. , Langdon Casey G. , Gadek Katherine E. , Vuong Kyna , Reed Kristin B. , Garcia Matthew R. , Xu Beisi , Kimbrough Darden W. , Adkins Grace E. , Djekidel Nadhir , Porter Shaina N. , Schreiner Patrick A. , Pruett-Miller Shondra M. , Abraham Brian J. , Rehg Jerold E. , Hatley Mark E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma (FP-RMS) driven by the expression of the PAX3-FOXO1 (P3F) fusion oncoprotein is an aggressive subtype of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma. FP-RMS histologically resembles developing muscle yet occurs throughout the body in areas devoid of skeletal muscle highlighting that FP-RMS is not derived from an exclusively myogenic cell of origin. Here we demonstrate that P3F reprograms mouse and human endothelial progenitors to FP-RMS. We show that P3F expression in aP2-Cre expressing cells reprograms endothelial progenitors to functional myogenic stem cells capable of regenerating injured muscle fibers. Further, we describe a FP-RMS mouse model driven by P3F expression and Cdkn2a loss in endothelial cells. Additionally, we show that P3F expression in TP53-null human iPSCs blocks endothelial-directed differentiation and guides cells to become myogenic cells that form FP-RMS tumors in immunocompromised mice. Together these findings demonstrate that FP-RMS can originate from aberrant development of non-myogenic cells driven by P3F.
Interferon stimulated immune profile changes in a humanized mouse model of HBV infection
Authors: Wang Yaping , Guo Liliangzi , Shi Jingrong , Li Jingyun , Wen Yanling , Gu Guoming , Cui Jianping , Feng Chengqian , Jiang Mengling , Fan Qinghong , Tang Jingyan , Chen Sisi , Zhang Jun , Zheng Xiaowen , Pan Meifang , Li Xinnian , Sun Yanxia , Zhang Zheng , Li Xian , Hu Fengyu , Zhang Liguo , Tang Xiaoping , Li Feng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe underlying mechanism of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) functional cure by interferon (IFN), especially in patients with low HBsAg and/or young ages, is still unresolved due to the lack of surrogate models. Here, we generate a type I interferon receptor humanized mouse (huIFNAR mouse) through a CRISPR/Cas9-based knock-in strategy. Then, we demonstrate that human IFN stimulates gene expression profiles in huIFNAR peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are similar to those in human PBMCs, supporting the representativeness of this mouse model for functionally analyzing human IFN in vivo. Next, we reveal the tissue-specific gene expression atlas across multiple organs in response to human IFN treatment; this pattern has not been reported in healthy humans in vivo. Finally, by using the AAV-HBV model, we test the antiviral effects of human interferon. Fifteen weeks of human PEG-IFNα2 treatment significantly reduces HBsAg and HBeAg and even achieves HBsAg seroconversion. We observe that activation of intrahepatic monocytes and effector memory CD8 T cells by human interferon may be critical for HBsAg suppression. Our huIFNAR mouse can authentically respond to human interferon stimulation, providing a platform to study interferon function in vivo. PEG-IFNα2 treatment successfully suppresses intrahepatic HBV replication and achieves HBsAg seroconversion.