bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Events In The Life Of Abraham
Authors: Brichto Herbert Chanan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Biblical discourse is discursive (and it is so to a remarkable degree). What keeps the first clause of this sentence from constituting a tautology is the odd difference in the nuances of the noun and adjective. Whereas the running to and fro (of the original and literal Latin) conveys in the noun the sense of logical and consecutive speech or thought, in the adjective there is a strong sense of discontinuity or di-gression. One exemplary aspect of the discursiveness of biblical discourse is reflected in the “stories and structures” in this volume’s subtitle. There are many other aspects of this (literary) phenomenon in addition to alternation of forms and genres, such as perspectival shifts in consecutive narratives hingeing on changes in identities of implied author, more-or-less reliable or omniscient narrator, and variably sophisticated implied audience.
Premodern American Legal Thought
Authors: Feldman Stephen M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Faith in the existence of natural law principles stood as one definitive feature of premodern American legal thought.1 At the very birth of the nation, the Declaration of Independence immediately invoked “the Laws of Nature” and “Nature’s God”; then, echoing John Locke, it continued with this now-familiar passage: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” Through this natural law reasoning, Thomas Jefferson and the other signers of the Declaration attempted to establish, first and foremost, a universal right to rebel against an unjust ruler. Only then did the Americans delineate their specific grievances against Britain so as to explain why they should rebel at that particular time.2
The Risks of Property Rhetoric
Authors: Regan Milton C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The conceptual underpinning of property rhetoric is of course the concept of property itself. In recent years, property has lost some of its ostensible rigor and unity as an analytical concept.’ Furthermore, property rhetoric is comprised of diverse strands that co-exist in some tension, rather than forming a unified and harmonious whole. Nonetheless, certain strands have had particularly powerful influence on the cultural imagination, and together constitute what we might describe as the “mythology of property.” Seen in this way, property constitutes a gestalt, a pattern of closely associated elements rather than a set of logically entailed propositions.
Introduction
Authors: Wuthnow Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Difficult as it may be to believe, America’s churches have fallen on hard times. A few years ago, new congregations were being established in record numbers, new facilities were being built in every new suburban development, and more clergy were being trained and hired than at any time in our nation’s history. But the economic prosperity that once characterized American religious institutions is now a thing of the past. Financial woes are the order of the day. Many smaller congregations are struggling to avoid having to close their doors. Many of the larger churches have had to scale back programs and put plans for expansion on indefinite hold. Older churches are saddled with historical landmarks-their buildings which they are having trouble keeping in good repair, while newer churches are discovering the cost of having thrown up buildings too hastily a decade or two ago. To the casual observer, the signs of crisis may not be evident. Visitors in most cities can find well-groomed religious structures in nearly every neighborhood. Driving by these buildings, we might not suspect that their congregations were having trouble finding the cash to keep going.
D
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dada An artistic and literary movement that flour-ished in Europe during and just after World War I. Its proponents severed the ,•clationship between idea and statement and dedicated themselves to subverting causal logic and conventional aesthetics. Dada was founded in Zurich in 1916 by artists from around Europe-notably the Romanian poet Tristan ‘fzara and the French painter Jean (Hans) Arp-as a reaction against the inability of conventional civilized, rational art and aesthetics to prevent the madness of the Great War. Although ‘fzara’s time in Zurich coincided with Joyce’s, there is no evidence that they knew one another. (This did not prevent playwright Tom Stoppard from writing a comedy, Travesties, based upon the postulated friendship of Joyce, Tzara and Lenin in Zurich in 1916.) (Sec SURREALISM.) Daedalus, Isabel A younger sister of Stephen DAEDALUS, called simply Isabel, who appears only in Stephen Hero. Because of poor health, she is asked to leave her convent and return home to live, much against her father’s wishes. Not long after her return, she dies. The end of chapter XXII and chapter XXIII of the novel narrate her death and its effect on Stephen and the Daedalus family. Joyce based the character Isabel on his brother George, who died in 1902.
I
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ibsen, Henrik (1828-1906) Norwegian dramatist, widely acknowledged as the first great modern playwright. Ibsen’s emphasis on psychological drama in his plays from Brand (1866) through When We Dead Awaken (1899) radically reconstituted contemporary expectations about dramatic form.
As early as his student days at BELVEDERE COLLEGE, Joyce demonstrated an outspoken enthusiasm for Ibsen’s plays and for the reconsideration of artistic premises that they demanded. Despite the intellectual conservatism of the school, Joyce sustained this ardor throughout his years at UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN. On 20 January 1900, Joyce read before the LITERARY AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY of University College an essay entitled “DRAMA AND LIFE,” which showed the impact upon him of Ibsen and of advanced continental artistic thinking generally.
J
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Jacobsen, Jens Peter (1847-1885) Danish poet and novelist who introduced the techniques of NATURALISM to Danish literature. He subsequently gained prominence as the movement’s best known exponent in Denmark. Jacobsen exemplifies the type of writer whom the young Joyce admired and sought to emulate, and Joyce refers to him in his early essay “The DAY OF THE RABBLEMENT” (1901), in which Joyce illustrates the limitations of contemporary Irish literature by contrasting the innovative prose of Jacobsen’s style with the more pedestrian efforts of George MOORE. After he left Ireland Joyce continued to read Jacobsen, and he had a copy of an English translation of Jacobsen’s second novel, Siren Voices (Niels Ly/me), in his Trieste library. Evidence from his correspondence indicates that he first read the book early in 1905. (See Letters II.83.) “James Clarence Mangan” An essay written by Joyce as a university student and first delivered as a lecture at the 1 February 1902 meeting of the Literary and Historical Society of UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN. It was subsequently published in the unofficial university magazine, St Stephen’s, in May of the same year.
N
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nannetti, Joseph Patrick (1851-1915) A turn-ofthe-century Dublin politician whom Joyce incorporates into Ulysses. An Irishman of Italian descent, Nannetti served as a member of Parliament from 1900 to 1906, and he was Lord Mayor of Dublin from 1906 to 1907. Nannetti appears as the print shop foreman of the FREEMAN’S JOURNAL in the AEOLIJS episode (chapter 7) of Ulysses, and he is subsequently referred to at several other points in the narrative. For Leopold BLOOM, Nannetti’s life and accomplishments represent both a consolation and a rebuke. Nannetti’s foreign heritage, like Bloom’s, makes him stand out among the homogeneous Dubliners.
O
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Oblong, May A well-known prostitute in turn-of the-century DUBLIN, whom Joyce may have known. According to Adaline GLASHEEN, a variation on her name occurs in Finnegan.1 Wake, where Dublin suggestively becomes d’Oblong. O’Callaghan, Miss A character in the Dubliners story “The DEAD.” A guest at the Christmas party given by the MORKAN sisters, she unsuccessfully urges the tenor Bartell D’ARCY to sing. occult, the In general, any theories and practices relating to esoteric knowledge of the supernatural world. Aspects of the occult include alchemy, divination, magic and witchcraft. A range of references to occult practices occur throughout Joyce’s works, especially in the narrative of the SCYLLA AND CHARYBDIS episode (chapter 9) of Ulysses, which touches with biting sarcasm on fundamental elements of theosophical belief and ritual, particularly in relation to prominent characters such as George RUSSELL (AE). In Finnegan.1• Wake there are a number of broad allusions to alchemy throughout the narrative, generally in analogies to artistic creation. An intense and sardonic exploration of the mysteries inherent in both alchemy and the Roman Catholic sacrament of the Holy Eucharist appears in the Latin passage on FW 185. This depicts SHEM as the artist creating his work first by making ink from his own feces and urine, and, then, reverting to English, speaks of him as “the first till last alshemist [who] wrote over every square inch of the only foolscap available, his own body” (FW 185.14--36).
Q
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Queen’s College, Cork One of three Queen’s colleges in Ireland (the other two were in Belfast and Galway), established in 1845 as a response to popular demand for institutions of higher education open to Catholics. It opened in l 849, and after the passage of the University Education Act of J 879 its curriculum came under the jurisdiction of the Royal University. The university is still in existence, now called University College, Cork. Joyce’s father, John JOYCE, attended Queen’s from 1867 to 1870, but more attentive to his social life than to his academics, he left the university without a degree. Joyce drew on his connection with Queen’s College by making Simon DEDALUS, Stephen’s father, an alumnus as well. In chapter II of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Simon returns to Queen’s, bringing a reluctant Stephen with him.
Z
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Zola, Emile (1840-1902) The best-known of a group of nineteenth-century French “naturalist” writers. Literary NATURALISM took as its subject the workings of broad social forces and their effects on the individual lives of ordinary people. Many naturalist works, and Zola’s in particular, were quite popular. Zola provided an artistic model for Joyce early on as the latter strove to develop his own style. There is evidence of Zola’s impact on Joyce as early as 1903 in his review of T. Baron Russell’s BORLASE AND SON (reprinted in The Critical Writings of James Joyce), and in letters written in 1906 and 1907. Textual evidence in Dubliners, Stephen Hero and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man strongly suggests that Joyce used Zola’s writing (among others) as a guide for developing the technique of FREE INDIRECT DISCOURSE within his own narratives. See Letters 11.137, 202 and 211.
Ritual Symbols, Syntax, and Praxis
Authors: Bell Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Theorists who began to go beyond the framework of functional structuralism have been called symbolists, culturalists, and, more awkwardly, symbolic-culturalists. In contrast to how functionalism closely links symbols to social organization, culturalists tend to see these links as weak and indirect and emphasize instead the autonomy and languagelike nature of a cultural system of symbols. In other words, culturalists interpret the symbols and symbolic action so important to ritual less in terms of their connection to the structures of social organization and more in terms of an indepen dent system organized like a language for the primary purpose of communication. This has shifted interpretation from a focus on what social reality may be represented (and maintained) by a symbol to a focus on whatthe symbol means (communicates) within the context of the whole system of symbols in which it is embedded. This new focus, it is argued, illuminates something other than the social organization of hu man groups; it illuminates “culture” as a more primary level of meanings, values and attitudes that effectively acts to shape social organization. In this view, culture can not be reduced to being the mere projection of social organization, and social orga nization is, theoretically, not primary but secondary. Defined as a primary system, culture has been deemed to have sufficient autonomy to be analyzed independently of social structure, although it is generally recognized that in actual fact cultural systems interact constantly with social organization in complex ways. Social and cultural systems clearly comprise a holism, and a fresh variety of methods have been proposed to analyze that holism without reducing the cultural to the social or the social to the cultural. Indeed, many cultural theories of ritual implicitly or explicitly describe ritual as the means by which the cultural system and the social system are able to interact and harmonize with each other.
American Lethal Violence: A Profile
Authors: Zimring Franklin E , Hawkins Gordon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a detailed profile of lethal violence in the United States. The first part provides an analysis of homicide rates in a variety of contexts including comparisons with other nations, comparisons with other forms of traumatic and nontraumatic death, trends over time, and demographic patterns. The second part explores the link between non lethal violent crimes and the risk of death.
On Causes and Prevention
Authors: Zimring Franklin E , Hawkins Gordon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among serious students of violence there is an ambivalence about the discussion of causation that is of more than passing significance. On the one hand, nothing could be more logical and natural than to address questions about violence in causal terms. To seek to understand violence is inevitably to try to determine its causes; so that almost all discussions of violence quickly become discussions of causes. On the other hand, so many discussions of the causes of violence have fallen victim to logical and empirical problems that many scholars avoid causal discourse as though the available literature had given the enter prisea bad name.
History, Entanglement, and Negotiated Change
Authors: Ling Jinqi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The hegemonic subject cannot have a terrain of constitution different from the structure to which it belongs. [This structure} is inhabited by an original lack, by a radical undecidability that needs to be constantly superseded by acts of decision. These acts are, precisely, what constitute the subject, who can only exist as a will transcending the structure. Because this will has no place of constitution external to the structure but is the result of the failure of the structure to constitute itself, it can be formed only through acts of identification. To keep alive a sense of alternative ways of life and of struggle requires memory of those who prefigured such life and struggle in the past. In this sense, tradition is to be associated not solely with ignorance and intolerance, prejudice and parochialism, dogmatism and docility. Rather, tradition is also to be identified with insight and intelligence, rationality and resistance, critique and contestation.
Writing the Novel, Narrating Discontents: Race and Cultural Politics in John Okada ‘s No-No Boy
Authors: Ling Jinqi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The lieutenant believed him this time. “Hell ‘s bells,” he exclaimed. “If they ‘d done that to me, I wouldn’t ‘t be sitting in the belly of a broken-down B-24 going back ro Guam from a reconnaissance mission to Japan.” “I got reasons,” said the Japanese-American soldier soberly.
Realist Intervention and the Return of the Repressed: Reading Class, Gender, and Culture in Louis Chu ‘s Eat a Bowl of Tea
Authors: Ling Jinqi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If the removal of difference is the origin of representation, it follows that the origin will always be present in the product. The problems of meaning and representation that beset the “Third World” are very different from the slippage of meaning and of the “real” which currently confronts academic discourses of Europe and America. To say this is not to claim the possibility of arriving at some essential indigenous truth by a more tortuous route, but to insist that the epistemological problem is itself a historical one. Both meaning and the need for locating meaning are conjunctural; and it is useful to maintain a distinction between the realized difficulty of knowing and the preasserted or a priori difficulty of knowing.
Performing the Margins: Ethics and the Poetics of Frank Chin ‘s Theatrical Discourse
Authors: Ling Jinqi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What I value most I guess is what I ‘m doing, trying to legitimize the Chinese-American sensibility. Call it my accident in time and space and that all the talent, everything I have is good only for this. Nothing else is any good until I get this done or started. And if I can ‘t legitimize it, or if Chinese American sensibility isn ‘t legitimized, then my writing is no good.
Maxine Hong Kingston ‘s Remapping of Asian American Historical Imagination in China Men
Authors: Ling Jinqi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To name it now so as not to repeat history in oblivion. To extract each fragment by each fragment from the word from the image another word another image the reply that will not re peat history in oblivion. The reason why the issue of ‘female emancipation ‘ seems to disappear from all the public agenda of nationalist agitation . . . is not because it was overtaken by the more emotive is sue concerning political power.
Critical Negotiations: Issues in Asian American Cultural Studies
Authors: Ling Jinqi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It seems to me that this is the gravest menace to theory today: its professionalized simulacrum, well ensconced in the system of knowledge, usurping the voice of the Other while silencing it and the practice of resistance that is genuine theory. The appearance of a professionalized conception of theory would mark the advent of a total culture of literacy, in which theory, far from challenging the system of the posthistorical state, would be content to flourish in the sphere that was assigned The purpose of theorizing is not to enhance one ‘s intellectual or academic reputation but to enable us to grasp, understand, and explain-to produce a more adequate knowledge of-the historical world and its processes; and thereby to inform our practice so that we may transform it.
Country Preachers
Authors: Schweiger Beth Barton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Noah Carlton Baldwin took up a pen in 1850 to begin his diary, he turned to the first page and wrote an account of his conversion twelve years earlier. Although twenty-one years old at the time, Baldwin considered it the day that his life began. “At length, my sleepy soul was awakened in a most powerful manner to its sense of danger,” he wrote.
Reading, Writing, and Religion
Authors: Schweiger Beth Barton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The majority of pastors in antebellum Virginia were the sons of pastors, yeomen, and artisans, and many were poor. These young men could not hope for careers that would bring them the power and honor of slaveholders. However, they could aspire to greater things than their fathers had. The poor yet ambitious among them had to forgo the traditional basis of Southern gentility-control over slaves and property. Determined to become “gentlemen pastors,” they found in education an important means of social mobility. And in their embrace of education for themselves, pastors shaped churches that placed literacy and education at the heart of their work.
Pastors and Soldiers
Authors: Schweiger Beth Barton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In late January 1861, John Cowper Granbery posted a letter to his fiancee, “Miss Ella” Winston. The thirty-two-year-old pastor wrote from the University of Virginia, where he had served as chaplain for two years. He devoted the first few lines to the issue that weighed most heavily on his mind: war preparations at the university and in Charlottesville. “But I will check myself abruptly and violently,” he interjected after several sentences, “so as not to pursue the path of political discussion which everybody travels these days.
The Ministerial Profession
Authors: Schweiger Beth Barton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1870, Rev. Daniel Witt wrote to a friend about two congregations that he had pastored for forty years. Aging and in poor health, Witt had recently retired from full-time work and had passed his churches over to the care of his correspondent, Thomas Sydnor. Baptist prospects in his county were good, he reported, because “almost every body has been brought into the church.” “But,” he added, “we are mighty poor!” Witt’s practiced eye found his congregations wanting. “There are many things to discourage in the desertion of the church of their fathers by the young & fashionable religionists of the day,” he wrote.
Evidence for the Text of 6 Ezra
Authors: Bergren Theodore A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the case of the Latin version of 4 Ezra, the reason for limiting the number of complete significant manuscripts to these eight is well known. They are the only Latin manuscripts that contain (or contained, in the case of S) the celebrated “missing fragment” of 4 Ezra 7:36-105. Accounts of the unpublished discovery of this lost section in manuscript C by J. Palmer, the independent deduction of its existence by J. Gild Meister, and finally its discovery in manuscript A and publication by R. L. Benzyl are readily available1 and need not be repeated here.
Reconstructing the Two Recensions
Authors: Bergren Theodore A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In what follows, an attempt is made to establish each link in this stemma, up to the level of the Hyarchetypes t and u, through established principles of textual criticism. Since it is widely recognized that these Hyarchetypes represent two distinct textual recensions, and since the relationship between these recensions will require special attention, discussion of this relationship and reconstruction of the archetype x are reserved for chapter 4.
Vocabulary
Authors: Bergren Theodore A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although the Latin version of 6 Ezra was almost certainly translated from Greek, and thus represents a secondary witness to the text, there are several reasons for studying the Latin vocabulary of the book.1 First, since the vocabulary of 6 Ezra is extremely idiosyncratic, the subject is of substantial interest in itself. Second, study of the Latin text may give some indication as to the date and provenance of the translation. Third, study of the Latin vocabulary could shed light on the question whether the Greek version is itself a translation from some other language. Finally, lexical study can give additional insight into the book’s recessional situation.