bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An E-band multi-channel Doppler backscattering system on EAST
Authors: Liu S. , Zhou C. , Liu A. D. , Zhuang G. , Feng X. , Zhang J. , Zhong X. M. , Ji J. X. , Zhang S. B. , Liu H. Q. , Wang S. X. , Fan H. R. , Wang S. F. , Gao L. T. , Shi W. X. , Chen X. Y. , Liu W. D. 
Published: December 2023

An E-band (60–90 GHz) multi-channel Doppler backscattering (DBS) system with X-mode polarization has been installed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), which can measure the turbulence at five different radial locations simultaneously. This system can launch 31 fixed microwave frequencies in the range of 60–90 GHz with a 1 GHz interval into the plasma, and five probing signals are selected by employing a reference signal and multiple filters. During experiments, the frequency of the reference signal is tunable in the E-band, and the selected probing signals can be changed as needed without any other adjustments, which can be performed in one shot or between shots. Furthermore, the incident angle can be adjusted from −10° to 20°, and the wavenumber range is 4–25 cm−1 with a wavenumber resolution of Δk/k ≤ 0.35. Ray tracing simulations are employed to calculate the scattering locations and the perpendicular wavenumber. In this article, the hardware design, ray tracing, and initial results obtained from the EAST plasma will be presented.
Experimental and numerical studies on the thermal nonequilibrium behaviors of CO with Ar, He, and H2
Authors: He Dong , Hong Qizhen , Li Fei , Sun Quanhua , Si Ting , Luo Xisheng 
Published: December 2023

The time-dependent rotational and vibrational temperatures were measured to study the shock-heated thermal nonequilibrium behaviors of CO with Ar, He, and H2 as collision partners. Three interference-free transition lines in the fundamental vibrational band of CO were applied to the fast, in situ, and state-specific measurements. Vibrational relaxation times of CO were summarized over a temperature range of 1110–2820 K behind reflected shocks. The measured rotational temperature instantaneously reached an equilibrium state behind shock waves. The measured vibrational temperature experienced a relaxation process before reaching the equilibrium state. The measured vibrational temperature time histories were compared with predictions based on the Landau–Teller model and the state-to-state approach. The state-to-state approach treats the vibrational energy levels of CO as pseudo-species and accurately describes the detailed thermal nonequilibrium processes behind shock waves. The datasets of state-specific inelastic rate coefficients of CO–Ar, CO–He, CO–CO, and CO–H2 collisions were calculated in this study using the mixed quantum-classical method and the semiclassical forced harmonic oscillator model. The predictions based on the state-to-state approach agreed well with the measured data and nonequilibrium (non-Boltzmann) vibrational distributions were found in the post-shock regions, while the Landau–Teller model predicted slower vibrational temperature time histories than the measured data. Modifications were applied to the Millikan–White vibrational relaxation data of the CO–Ar and CO–H2 systems to improve the performance of the Landau–Teller model. In addition, the thermal nonequilibrium processes behind incident shocks, the acceleration effects of H2O on the relaxation process of CO, and the characterization of vibrational temperature were highlighted.
Ab initio study of longitudinal and transverse dynamics, including fast sound, in molten UO2 and liquid Li–Pb alloys
Authors: del Rio Beatriz G. , González Luis E. 
Published: December 2023

The disparity between the masses of the two components in a binary liquid system can lead to the appearance of a peculiar phenomenon named “fast sound,” which was identified for the first time in Li4Pb several decades ago and later observed in other Li based alloys. However, the exact characteristics and nature of this phenomenon and the reasons behind its appearance have not totally been identified yet. In this work, we analyze the longitudinal and transverse current correlation functions of UO2, Li4Pb, and Li0.17Pb0.83, as obtained from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. We find that fast sound appears to occur in the two former systems but not in the latter. Additionally, we discuss some of the properties of the liquid mixtures that may be related to the appearance (or absence) of the phenomenon, such as the composition, the polyhedral structure of the melt, and the type of bonding in the system.
Structural and performance enhancement focused review of substrate integrated waveguide cavity backed antennas: The perspective of wireless and satellite communication
Authors: Agrawal Meha , Yadav Ravi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The increasing demand for efficient data transmission and reception, coupled with high-speed data requirements, is set to drive the extensive global deployment of emerging satellite and terrestrial wireless networks in the next decade. This growth in satellite and terrestrial wireless networks also creates an increased need for reliable and seamless connectivity between ground-based users and satellite communication systems. Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antennas offer promising solutions that can serve both terrestrial wireless networks and satellite applications. This review paper presents a comprehensive examination of SIW antennas, exploring their potential applications in both wireless and satellite communication scenarios. An extensive evaluation of various approaches that can be utilized to decrease the size of SIW antennas while also improving their bandwidth and gain are discussed. Also, the design strategies for SIW-based multiband, circularly polarized, dual-polarized, and self-multiplexing antennas designed for satellite communication applications, without relying on rigorous optimization techniques are discussed. Furthermore, the potential future directions and applications of SIW antennas by identifying emerging trends and challenges in the field are also highlighted. Consequently, the review will potentially motivate new research initiatives and directions, while providing valuable guidance for future SIW antenna development and research endeavors.
Multi-condition tool wear prediction for milling CFRP base on a novel hybrid monitoring method
Authors: Li Shipeng , Huang Siming , Li Hao , Liu Wentao , Wu Weizhou , Liu Jian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the carbon fiber-reinforced plastic milling process, the high abrasive property of carbon fiber will lead to the rapid growth of tool wear, resulting in poor surface quality of parts. However, due to the signal data distribution discrepancy under different working conditions, addressing the problem of local degradation and low prediction accuracy in tool wear monitoring model is a significant challenge. This paper proposes an entropy criterion deep conditional domain adaptation network, which effectively exploits domain invariant features of the signals and enhances the stability of model training. Furthermore, a novel unsupervised optimization method based on tool wear distribution is proposed, which refines the monitoring results of data-driven models. This approach reduces misclassification of tool wear conditions resulting from defects in data-driven models and interference from the manufacturing process, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the monitoring model. The experimental results show that the hybrid method provides assurance for the accurate construction of tool wear monitoring model under different working conditions.
Stretchable, flexible fabric heater based on carbon nanotubes and water polyurethane nanocomposites by wet spinning process
Authors: Yang Ketong , Wu Yajin , Wang Wei , Chen Wei , Si Chuanliang , Yao Hai , Wang Zhengtao , Lv Luying , Yang Zhiyue , Yu Yangtao , Li Jing , Wu Xulei , Han Menghong , Wang Yingying , Wang Huatao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Wearable heaters are essential for people living in cold regions, but creating heaters that are low-cost, lightweight, and high air permeability poses challenges. In this study, we developed a wearable heater using carbon nanotube/water polyurethane (CNT/WPU) nanocomposite fibers that achieve high extension rate and conductivity. We produced low-cost and mass-produced fibers using the wet spinning. With heat treatment, we increased the elongation rate of the fibers to 1893.8% and decreased the resistivity to 0.07 Ω*m. then wove the fibers into a heating fabric using warp knitting, that resistance is 493 Ω. Achieved a uniform temperature of 58 °C at voltage of 36 V, with a thermal stability fluctuation of −5.0 °C to +6.3 °C when bent from 0° to 360°. Our results show that wearable heaters have excellent flexibility and stretchability, due to nanocomposite fibers and special braided structure, which offer a novel idea for wearable heaters.
Modeling photothermal effects in high power optical resonators used for coherent levitation
Authors: Gu Chenyue , Qin Jiayi , Guccione Giovanni , Ma Jinyong , Lecamwasam Ruvi , Lam Ping Koy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Radiation pressure can be used to enable optomechanical control and manipulation of the quantum state of a mechanical oscillator. Optomechanical interaction can also be mediated by photothermal effects which, although frequently overlooked, may compete with radiation pressure interaction. Understanding of how these phenomena affect the coherent exchange of information between optical and mechanical degrees of freedom is often underdeveloped, particularly in mesoscale high-power systems where photothermal effects can fully dominate the interaction. Here we report an effective theoretical model to predict and successfully reconstruct the dynamics of a unique optomechanical system: a cavity-enhanced setup for macroscopic optical levitation, where a free-standing mirror acts as the optomechanical oscillator. We decompose the photothermal interaction into two opposing light-induced effects, photothermal expansion, and thermo-optic effects. We then reconstruct a heuristic model that links the intracavity field to four types of cavity length changes caused by acoustic (

x

ac

), centre of mass (

x

lev

), photothermal (

x

ex

) and thermo-optic (

x

re

) displacements. This offers refined predictions with a higher degree of agreement with experimental results. Our work provides a means to precisely model the photothermal effect of high power optomechanical systems, as well as for developing more precise photothermal modeling of photonics systems for precision sensing and quantum measurements.
Enhancing gradient force over scattering force for nano-trapping through compensating for aberration
Authors: Wang Dongyong , Li Xiao , Ng Jack 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
One challenge of optical trapping of nanoparticles is the weak trapping force compared to the destabilizing pushing force. Here we enhance the optical gradient force (GF), which is responsible for trapping, to achieve stable nanoparticle trapping through aberration compensation. The optical forces are calculated using multipole expansion theory and the focused fields are determined using Debye focusing theory accounting for interface aberrations between oil, glass, and water. With typical oil immersion objectives, the glass-water interface aberration reduces the GF relative to the scattering force (SF), leading to unstable trapping. By optimizing the refractive index of the immersion oil, the interface aberrations can be compensated. This significantly enhances the GF while moderately improves the SF, enabling stable nanoparticle trapping. The enhancements are particularly notable for large probe depths. Further improvement can be achieved with a thicker oil layer. With optimized conditions, the GF exceeds the SF by over two-fold. And the minimum axial force and axial stiffness increased approximately three-fold. Our study provides theoretical guidance to improve nanoparticle trapping efficiency through aberration compensation and force optimization.
Evolution of structural phase transition from hexagonal wurtzite ZnO to cubic rocksalt NiO in Ni doped ZnO thin films and their electronic structures
Authors: Das Arkaprava , Zajac Marcin , Huang Wei-Hsiang , Chen Chi-Liang , Kandasami Asokan , Delaunois Fabienne , Noirfalise Xavier , Bittencourt Carla 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study thoroughly examines the collective influence of compositional variation and annealing temperature on the electronic structure of sol–gel derived NixZn1−xO (x = 0 to 1) thin films annealed at different temperatures (700

°

C, 800

°

C, and 900

°

C) using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. A gradual structural phase transition from hexagonal wurtzite ZnO to cubic rocksalt NiO with increasing Ni concentration was revealed by x-ray diffraction (XRD). Grain growth was observed from scanning electron microscopy with increasing annealing temperature. Photoluminescence measurements indicate the presence of interstitial oxygen when Ni atoms are incorporated in the film. The Ni L
3,2 absorption edge shows an intensity enhancement in the white-line feature with increasing Ni concentration, evidencing the presence of higher oxidation states. Concurring results were observed by XPS where both Ni2+ and Ni3+ free ion multiplets are present in the Ni 2p core level spectrum for 20% and higher Ni concentration. O K and Zn L
3,2 XAS spectra demonstrated the e
g-t
2g sub-band splitting at higher Ni concentration, triggered by band anti-crossing interaction and crystal field splitting. The extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) simulation for the Zn K edge revealed a Zn–Zn/Ni bond length change for 60% Ni concentration. The thermal disorder factor increased up to 40% Ni concentration, and beyond that, it decreased due to stable NiO phase dominance in the alloy composite. Ni K edge EXAFS fitting indicated an insignificant change in the Ni-O and Ni–Ni/Zn bond lengths throughout the range of varying Ni concentrations. The thermal disorder factor increases with increasing annealing temperature, indicating a more disordered lattice. Such investigation is essential where the electronic properties of nanometer-sized materials determine the performance of functional devices. The present work critically elucidates the combined impact of compositional variations and annealing temperatures on electronic structures.
Lump waves, bright-dark solitons and some novel interaction solutions in (3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation
Authors: Lei Ruoyang , Tian Lin , Ma Zhimin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The (3+1)-dimensional Geng equation is an extended version of the KdV model that describes the wave dynamics behavior of shallow water waves in complex applications. In this study, we discuss the (3+1)-dimensional Geng equation using the bilinear neural network method. By incorporating specific activation functions into the neural network model, new test functions are constructed. Using symbolic computational techniques and selecting appropriate parameters, we systematically obtain new meaningful exact solutions of some (3+1)-dimensional Geng equations, including dark lump solutions, three kinds of interaction solutions, and bright and dark soliton solutions. Furthermore, the results are visualized through diagrams of different categories, which intuitively demonstrate the evolution process and physical characteristics of the waves.
DFT based atomic modeling and temperature analysis on the RF and VTC curve of high-k dielectric layer-assisted NCFET
Authors: Mann Rashi , Chaujar Rishu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this report, Density Functional Theory (DFT) based calculation using a Quantum Atomistic Tool Kit (ATK) simulator is done for the hafnia-based ferroelectric material. The band structure, projected density of states (PDOS), and Hartree potential (VH) are taken into account for hafnium oxide (HfO2) and silicon-doped hafnium oxide (Si-doped HfO2). Further, we analyze the temperature variation impact on analog parameters and voltage transfer characteristic (VTC) curve of inverter application of Modified Negative Capacitance Field-Effect-Transistor (NCFET) using the Visual Technology-Computer-Aided-Design (TCAD) simulator. The Modified NCFET structure enhances the DC parameters like leakage current (IOFF) and Subthreshold Swing (SS) compared to the conventional NCFET structure. With the temperature impact, the variation in the parameters of Modified NCFET is discussed at 250 K, 275 K, 300 K, 325 K, and 350 K like transconductance (gm), output conductance (gd), early voltage (VEA) shows the increment as we move from 250 K to 350 K. The short channel effects (SCEs) like Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL) and Subthreshold Swing (SS) decrease with the temperature fall at 32.98% and 34.74%, respectively. Further, the VTC curve, Noise Margin (NM), and propagation delay of Modified NCFET-based inverter are discussed with the impact of temperature. The propagation delay for the circuit decreased by 67.94% with the rise in the temperature. These factors show that the Modified NCFET-based inverter gives a fast switching performance at high temperatures.
Inertia, gravity and the meaning of mass
Authors: Melia Fulvio 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Our concept of mass has evolved considerably over the centuries, most notably from Newton to Einstein, and then even more vigorously with the establishment of the standard model and the subsequent discovery of the Higgs boson. Mass is now invoked in various guises depending on the circumstance: it is used to represent inertia, or as a coupling constant in Newton’s law of universal gravitation, and even as a repository of a mysterious form of energy associated with a particle at rest. But recent developments in cosmology have demonstrated that rest-mass energy is most likely the gravitational binding energy of a particle in causal contact with that portion of the Universe within our gravitational horizon. In this paper, we examine how all these variations on the concept of mass are actually interrelated via this new development and the recognition that the source of gravity in general relativity is ultimately the total energy in the system.
Time-resolved Spectral Properties of Fermi-GBM Bright Long Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Wang Wan-Kai , Xie Wei , Gao Zhi-Fu , Xiao Shuo , Dong Ai-Jun , Zhang Bin , Zhi Qi-Jun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The prompt emission mechanism of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is still unclear, and the time-resolved spectral analysis of GRBs is a powerful tool for studying their underlying physical processes. We performed a detailed time-resolved spectral analysis of 78 bright long GRB samples detected by Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor. A total of 1490 spectra were obtained and their properties were studied using a typical Band-shape model. First, the parameter distributions of the time-resolved spectrum are given as follows: the low-energy spectral index α ∼ − 0.72, high-energy spectral index β ∼ − 2.42, the peak energy E
p ∼ 221.69 keV, and the energy flux F ∼ 7.49 × 10−6 erg cm−2 s−1. More than 80% of the bursts exhibit the hardest low-energy spectral index

α

max

exceeding the synchrotron limit (−2/3). Second, the evolution patterns of α and E
p were statistically analyzed. The results show that for multi-pulse GRBs the intensity-tracking pattern is more common than the hard-to-soft pattern in the evolution of both E
p and α. The hard-to-soft pattern is generally shown in single-pulse GRBs or in the initial pulse of multi-pulse GRBs. Finally, we found a significant positive correlation between F and E
p, with half of the samples exhibiting a positive correlation between F and α. We discussed the spectral evolution of different radiation models. The diversity of spectral evolution patterns indicates that there may be more than one radiation mechanism occurring in the GRB radiation process, including photospheric radiation and synchrotron radiation. However, it may also involve only one radiation mechanism, but more complicated physical details need to be considered.
Trade And Decarbonization: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Priyono FX Joko 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Trade and decarbonization are two inseparable things. Both primary legal issues are the gap between environmental protection and its implementation as a covert protection instrument. The relevant rules are Article XX GATT, and the Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement which have multiple interpretations. This research used a normative approach that focuses on legal materials. The results showed that decarbonization and trade still require strong policies from WTO countries. Implementation of Article XX GATT and TBT Agreement related to decarbonization is determined through decisions in Appellate Body. WTO policy reformulation relating to the application of the principles of sustainable development requires a special agreement while taking into account the principle of special treatment for developing countries. This effort is to create justice and legal certainty. Opportunities for multilateral negotiation are still open, while the challenge is a gap between developed and developing countries.
Implementation of Administrative Sanctions in Abuse Law Enforcement Utilization of Green Open Space In Bekasi City
Authors: Arifudin  , Saraswati Retno , Hoesein Zainal Arifin , Rahayu Susi Dian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Bekasi City is a buffer area for the capital city of Jakarta which has significant role in efforts to preserve the environment. Therefore, various problems such as the development and growth cities accompanied by rapid land use change, have caused environmental damage that can reduce the carrying capacity of land in supporting lives of Bekasi citizen. Using normative juridical research methods, concluded that Bekasi City already has regulations in the form of Bekasi City Regional Regulation No. 13 of 2011 which contains rules on a sanctions of administrative against misuse of GSO in Bekasi. However, the effectiveness of sanctions of administrative sanctions in law enforcement misuse ofGSO utilization in Bekasi is just “lip service” in law enforcement of misuse of GSO utilization in Bekasi City.
Renewable Energy Regulatory Urgency in Global Energy Security
Authors: Setiyono Joko , Nabela Nadia , Syafiqurrohman  , NafiAlrasyid  
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Global energy transformation fundamentally impacts the energy system, leading to broader political, economic, and societal changes. This study proposes to reveal the urgency of renewable energy regulation to maintain global energy security. It applied a normative legal approach to understanding geopolitics constellations and reality due to energy transformation, specifically related to its potential impacts, challenges, and opportunities in Indonesia—which is still dominated by non-renewable energy from fossils. Limited non-renewable energy emphasizes that it is time for the state to change to renewable energy. However, Indonesia has not yet had laws and policies on renewable energy comprehensively. This condition will potentially affect Indonesia’s geopolitical future if contestation with other countries happens.