bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytotherapeutics in Cancer: From Potential Drug Candidates to Clinical
Translation
Authors: Grover Parul , Thakur Kulbhushan , Bhardwaj Monika , Mehta Lovekesh , Raina Soom Nath , Rajpal Vijay Rani 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Annually, a significant number of individuals succumb to cancer, an anomalous cellular
condition characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation and the emergence of highly perilous
tumors. Identifying underlying molecular mechanism(s) driving disease progression has led
to various inventive therapeutic approaches, many of which are presently under pre-clinical and/or
clinical trials. Over the recent years, numerous alternative strategies for addressing cancer have also
been proposed and put into practice. This article delineates the modern therapeutic drugs employed
in cancer treatment and their associated toxicity. Due to inherent drug toxicity associated
with most modern treatments, demand rises for alternative therapies and phytochemicals with minimal
side effects and proven efficacy against cancer. Analogs of taxol, Vinca alkaloids like vincristine
and vinblastine, and podophyllotoxin represent a few illustrative examples in this context.
The phytochemicals often work by modifying the activity of molecular pathways that are thought
to be involved in the onset and progression of cancer. The principal objective of this study is to
provide an overview of our current understanding regarding the pharmacologic effects and molecular
targets of the active compounds found in natural products for cancer treatment and collate information
about the recent advancements in this realm. The authors' interest in advancing the field of
phytochemical research stems from both the potential of these compounds for use as drugs as well
as their scientific validity. Accordingly, the significance of herbal formulations is underscored,
shedding light on anticancer phytochemicals that are sought after at both pre-clinical and clinical
levels, with discussion on the opportunities and challenges in pre-clinical and clinical cancer
studies.
Synthesis and Characterization of Baicalein-loaded Aquasomes: An In vitro
and In silico Perspective for Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Goyal Vinay , Kumar Bhavna , Kumar Lal Diwya , Varshney Poorvi , Singh Rana Vijay 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Millions of individuals worldwide suffer from metabolic abnormalities induced by diabetes. Baicalein, a flavonoid, has shown several properties in various treatments with
potential properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic properties. Practically, its application is hindered due to low solubility in aqueous media. Overcoming this challenge,
aquasomes can offer an effective approach for delivering drugs and bioactive molecules to target
various diseases.

Objective:
The study aimed to develop and evaluate baicalein-loaded aquasomes for improving solubility and comparing their antidiabetic properties to acarbose through in silico docking.
Method: Baicalein-loaded aquasomes were prepared through a three-step process: core preparation,
lactose coating, and drug loading. The evaluation included assessing particle size, drug-excipient
interactions, drug entrapment efficiency, loading capacity, in vitro drug release, and the kinetics of
drug release. In silico docking and in vitro α-amylase inhibition activity was evaluated to assess the
anti-diabetic potential of baicalein.

Results:
The baicalein-loaded aquasomes were spherical with sizes ranging from 300-400 nm. FTIR
analysis indicated no interaction between the components. The formulation exhibited drug entrapment efficiency of 94.04±0 4.01% and drug loading of 17.60 ± 01.03%. Drug release study showed
sustained and complete (97.30 ± 02.06 %) release, following first-order kinetics. Docking analysis
revealed comparable binding affinity to acarbose, while the α-amylase inhibition assay showed
greater inhibition potential of the aquasomes compared to the baicalein solution.

Conclusion:
Aquasomes offer an alternative approach to conventional delivery methods. The selfassembling characteristics of aquasomes greatly simplify their preparation process, adding to their
appeal as a drug delivery system.
Effect of Niosomal Encapsulation of Quercetin and Silymarin and their
Combination on Dimethylnitrosoamine-induced and Phenobarbital promoted
Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rat Model
Authors: Shirode Devendra S. , Raut Dinesh J. , Sarasawat Nikita 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a particularly dangerous and severe kind of liver
cancer. Many anticancer drugs fail to complete the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma without
any side effects. There should be appropriate and without side effective treatments for hepatocellular
carcinoma.

Objective:
The objective of the current study was to evaluate how quercetin and silymarin in a niosomal formulation affected hepatocyte carcinoma caused by diethylnitrosamine.
Methods: Five groups were created from the thirty male rats. Normal control (untreated group), tumor
group (administered dimethylnitrosoamine 200mg/kg), treatment group I (administered 50 mg/kg of
niosomal encapsulated quercetin), treatment group II (administered 50 mg/kg of niosomal encapsulated silymarin), and treatment group III (administered 50 mg/kg of niosomal encapsulated quercetin
+ silymarin). Then, biochemical estimation, serum analysis, and histopathological examination were
carried out.

Methods:
Five groups were created from the thirty male rats. Normal control (untreated group), tumor
group (administered dimethylnitrosoamine 200mg/kg), treatment group I (administered 50 mg/kg of
niosomal encapsulated quercetin), treatment group II (administered 50 mg/kg of niosomal encapsulated silymarin), and treatment group III (administered 50 mg/kg of niosomal encapsulated quercetin
+ silymarin). Then, biochemical estimation, serum analysis, and histopathological examination were
carried out.

Results:
Treatment group III, treated with niosomal encapsulation of a combination of quercetin +
silymarin 50 mg/kg, demonstrated the significant restoration of alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen and also antioxidants like superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide. The histopathological
examination showed improved liver architecture in this group compared to other treatment groups

Conclusion:
Our findings revealed that a potent anticancer effect was observed in treatment group
III as niosomal formulation increased the bioavailability of the drug within the body. In order to
completely understand the underlying processes and evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of these
chemicals in the therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma, further investigation and clinical trials are required.
Immunomodulation Induced in BALB/c Mice after Subacute Exposure to
Hydroalcoholic Extract of Artimisia Dracunculus
Authors: Forouzanfar Fatemeh , Moshirian Farahi Seyed Mostafa , Rakhshandeh Hassan , Memar Bahram , Rashidi Roghayeh , Mahdipour Ramin , Riahi-Zanjani Bamdad 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Tarragon, with the scientific name of Artemisia dracunculus, is a perennial
herbaceous plant with a wide spectrum of pharmacologic properties. In the current investigation,
BALB/c mice were used to examine the immunomodulatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract of tarragon
(HET).

Methods:
Mice were treated with hydroalcoholic extract of Artimisia dracunculus (HET) at two doses
(250 and 500 mg/kg) for 14 days. The host hematological parameters, spleen cellularity histopathology,
hemagglutination titer assay (HA), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, IFN-γ and
IL-4 levels produced by spelenocytes, and the proliferation of lymphocytes were assayed.

Results:
HET at a high dose significantly could increase the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes
compared to the control group. The lymphocyte proliferation in exposure to PHA significantly
increased in the HET group at both doses compared to the control group, whilst this index in
the presence of LPS increased significantly for the 500 mg/kg-HET group only. Moreover, in the HA
and DTH tests, HET significantly increased the proliferation of lymphocytes as compared with the
control group. Furthermore, HET significantly increased the amount of IFN-γ parallel to a decrease
in the level of IL-4 in compared to the control group.

Conclusion:
Based on our findings, HET has potent immunostimulant characteristics. More investigation
into tarragon's potential to be used in the treatment of disorders caused by a weakened immune
response should be conducted.
Novel Amide Functionalized Trifluoromethyl thieno[2,3-b]pyridine
Derivatives: Anti-cancer Activity and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Betala Sailu , Puram Naveen , Bhanothu Udayasri 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Our primary research objective is to create and formulate small ring heterocycles with enhanced
biological efficacy. Amide functionalized trifluoromethyl thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives as
a series were prepared starting from reaction between 1,3 di-ketone and thiocyanoacetamide and obtained
pyridine 3. Compound 3 reacts with bromoethyl acetate and obtained compound 4, further
compound 4 on reaction with diverse substituted aromatic and aliphatic amines to get amide derivatives
5a-d, 6a-d and 7a-h. All the final compounds evaluated for anti cancer activity against four
human cancer cell lines such as ‘HeLa - Cervical cancer (CCL-2); COLO 205- Colon cancer (CCL-
222); HepG2 - Liver cancer (HB-8065); MCF7 - Breast cancer (HTB-22)’ and promising compounds
7d, 7e and 7f have been identified. For compounds 7d, 7e and 7f molecular docking interactions have
been identified.
Insight into the Various Approaches Undertaken for the Synthesis of
Quinoline Hybrids Imparting Diverse Therapeutic Activities
Authors: Sharma Ruchi , Majee Chandana , Mazumder Rupa , Mazumder Avijit , Padhi Swarupanjali , Kumar Akshay 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Quinoline is one of the promising and prominent biologically active N-based heterocyclic
compounds.

:
This review paper aims to discuss the synthetic approaches, summarized from various research articles
on the preparation of quinoline derivatives intended for different therapeutic activities like antifungal
activity, anticancer activity, anticonvulsant activity, antitubercular activity, antimalarial activity,
anti-Alzheimer activity and so on.

:
The comprehensive study complies with all related publications and trademark publications demonstrating
the synthesis and biological aspects of quinoline derivatives.

:
Various types of quinoline hybrids were synthesized and treated for therapeutic activity, including
anticancer, antitubercular, anti-Alzheimer, antioxidant, and antifungal activity, which have been
analyzed.

:
Quinoline is a planner hetero-aromatic compound with the chemical formula C9H7N. Several wellknown
synthetic routes to the quinoline skeleton include Friedlander synthesis, Knorr quinoline synthesis,
and Skraup reaction. Researchers may use other techniques or alter current strategies to reach
their objectives, depending on what exact structure and therapeutic action they are investigating. The
availability of starting materials, reaction conditions, scalability, desired regioselectivity, and functionalization
of the quinoline core all have a role in the choice of synthetic method. This review covers
the latest literature and knowledge on the synthetic procedures for numerous quinoline and its
derivatives and their biological and pharmacological application.
Synthesis of New Glucose-containing 5-Arylisoxazoles and their Enzyme
Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Hariri Roshanak , Iraji Aida , Mojtabavi Somayeh , Saeedi Mina , Faramarzi Mohammad Ali , Amini Mohsen , Akbarzadeh Tahmineh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Carbohydrates are an important group of biomolecules that have received special attention
due to their significant role in the design and synthesis of new bioactive compounds. In this study, a
new class of 5-arylisoxazole-glucose hybrids was designed and synthesized for evaluation of their
inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase. The target compounds depicted selective
α-glucosidase inhibitory activity over α-amylase, which is an important factor in reducing probable
gastrointestinal problems in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this respect, compound 9a, possessing
the phenylisoxazole group, was found to be the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitor (IC50 =
292.2 ± 0.1 μM) compared to acarbose (IC50 = 750.2 ± 0.1 μM) as the positive control. All
compounds were also evaluated for their anti-tyrosinase effect, and among them, compound 9j,
containing a fluoroaryl moiety, showed potent activity (IC50 = 50.1 ± 6.3 μM) in comparison to kojic
acid (IC50 = 23.6 ± 2.6 μM). Also, docking studies were performed to investigate the probable mode
of action, which indicated the construction of important H-bonding interactions between the sugar
moiety and the enzyme’s active sites. According to the results, hybrids containing heterocycles
attached to glucose can be used to inhibit α-glucosidase.
Lichen Striatus: An Updated Review
Authors: Leung Alexander K.C. , Lam Joseph M. , Barankin Benjamin , Leong Kin Fon 
Published: January 2024

Background::
Lichen striatus is a benign dermatosis that affects mainly children. This
condition mimics many other dermatoses.

Objective::
The purpose of this article is to familiarize pediatricians with the clinical manifestations
of lichen striatus to avoid misdiagnosis, unnecessary investigations, unnecessary referrals,
and mismanagement of lichen striatus.

Methods::
A search was conducted in June 2023 in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key term
“Lichen striatus”. The search strategy included all observational studies, clinical trials, and reviews
published within the past ten years. Only papers published in the English literature were included
in this review. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation
of this article.

Results::
Lichen striatus is a benign self-limited T-cell mediated dermatosis characterized by a linear
inflammatory papular eruption seen primarily in children. The onset is usually sudden with
minimal or absent symptomatology. The eruption in typical lichen striatus consists of discrete, skin-
colored, pink, erythematous, or violaceous, flat-topped, slightly elevated, smooth or scaly papules
that coalesce to form a dull red, potentially scaly, interrupted or continuous band over days
to weeks. Although any part of the body may be involved, the extremities are the sites of predilection.
Typically, the rash is solitary, unilateral, and follows Blaschko lines. In dark-skinned individuals,
the skin lesions may be hypopigmented at onset. Nails may be affected alone or, more commonly,
along with the skin lesions of lichen striatus. The differential diagnoses of lichen striatus
are many and the salient features of other conditions are highlighted in the text.

Conclusion::
Lichen striatus is a self-limited condition that often resolves within one year without
residual scarring but may have transient post-inflammatory hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation.
As such, treatment may not be necessary. For patients who desire treatment for cosmesis or
for the symptomatic treatment of pruritus, a low- to mid-potency topical corticosteroid or a topical
immunomodulator can be used. A fading cream can be used for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Nanotechnology Utilizing Ferroptosis Inducers in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Farzipour Soghra , Jalali Zefrei Fatemeh , Bahadorikhalili Saeed , Alvandi Maryam , Salari Arsalan , Shaghaghi Zahra 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Current cancer treatment options have presented numerous challenges in terms of reaching high efficacy.
As a result, an immediate step must be taken to create novel therapies that can achieve more than satisfying
outcomes in the fight against tumors. Ferroptosis, an emerging form of regulated cell death (RCD) that is reliant
on iron and reactive oxygen species, has garnered significant attention in the field of cancer therapy. Ferroptosis
has been reported to be induced by a variety of small molecule compounds known as ferroptosis inducers (FINs),
as well as several licensed chemotherapy medicines. These compounds' low solubility, systemic toxicity, and
limited capacity to target tumors are some of the significant limitations that have hindered their clinical effectiveness.
A novel cancer therapy paradigm has been created by the hypothesis that ferroptosis induced by nanoparticles
has superior preclinical properties to that induced by small drugs and can overcome apoptosis resistance.
Knowing the different ideas behind the preparation of nanomaterials that target ferroptosis can be very helpful in
generating new ideas. Simultaneously, more improvement in nanomaterial design is needed to make them appropriate
for therapeutic treatment. This paper first discusses the fundamentals of nanomedicine-based ferroptosis to
highlight the potential and characteristics of ferroptosis in the context of cancer treatment. The latest study on
nanomedicine applications for ferroptosis-based anticancer therapy is then highlighted.
Salivary Biomarkers for Oral Cancer Detection: Insights from Human DNA and RNA Analysis
Authors: Navale Archana , Deshpande Atharva 
Published: January 2024

:
Oral cancer is a significant global health concern, with a high mortality rate mainly
due to late-stage diagnosis. Early detection plays a critical role in improving patient outcomes,
highlighting the need for non-invasive and accessible screening methods. Salivary biomarkers
have emerged as a promising avenue for oral cancer detection, leveraging advancements in human
DNA and RNA analysis. Several DNA-based biomarkers, such as genetic mutations, chromosomal
aberrations, and epigenetic alterations, have shown promise in detecting oral cancer at
various stages. Likewise, RNA-based biomarkers, including microRNAs, long non-coding
RNAs, and messenger RNAs, have demonstrated potential for diagnosing oral cancer and predicting
treatment outcomes. The integration of high-throughput sequencing technologies, such as
next-generation sequencing and transcriptomic profiling, has enabled the identification of novel
biomarkers and provided deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying oral cancer
development and progression. Despite the promising results, challenges remain in standardizing
sample collection, establishing robust biomarker panels, and validating their clinical utility.
Nevertheless, salivary biomarkers hold great promise as a non-invasive, cost-effective, and accessible
approach for oral cancer detection, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes
through early diagnosis and intervention. The analysis of genetic material obtained from saliva
offers several advantages, including ease of collection, non-invasiveness, and the potential for
repeated sampling. Furthermore, saliva reflects the physiological and pathological status of the
oral cavity, making it an ideal source for biomarker discovery and validation. This article presents
a comprehensive review of the current research on salivary biomarkers for oral cancer detection,
focusing on insights gained from human DNA and RNA analysis.
The Role of Gut Microbiota and Associated Compounds in Cardiovascular Health and its Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Liu Lu , Kaur Guneet Inderjeet , Kumar Avinash , Kanwal Abhinav , Singh Shailendra Pratap 
Published: January 2024

:
It is possible that gut bacteria may have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular health in
humans. It may play a major role in the progression of a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including
Heart Failure (HF), Atherosclerosis, Coronary Arterial Disease (CAD), Ischemic Heart
Disease (IHD), and Others. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, along with its direct and indirect
impact on gut health, may induce cardiovascular disorders. Although advanced studies have
demonstrated the relationship of various metabolites to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in animals,
translating their functional capacity to humans remains a significant area of research. This
paper simplifies the demonstration of some compounds, pathways, and components like Trimethylamine
N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and butyrate production. It
demonstrates how a change in eating habits causes TMAO and how the impact of different drugs
on gut microbiota species and high consumption of Westernized food causes several heartrelated
problems, such as atherosclerosis and inflammation that can even become the cause of
heart failure. Modulation of the gut microbiome, on the other hand, is a novel therapeutic measure
because it can be easily altered through diet and other lifestyle changes. It could then be used
to lower the risk of several CVDs.
Potential Neuroprotective Role of Neurotrophin in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Yap Rei Shian , Kumar Jaya , Teoh Seong Lin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health issue that affects millions of people
every year. It is caused by any form of external force, resulting in temporary or permanent impairments
in the brain. The pathophysiological process following TBI usually involves excitotoxicity,
mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, ischemia, and apoptotic cell death. It is
challenging to find treatment for TBI due to its heterogeneous nature, and no therapeutic interventions
have been approved thus far. Neurotrophins may represent an alternative approach for TBI
treatment because they influence various functional activities in the brain. The present review highlights
recent studies on neurotrophins shown to possess neuroprotective roles in TBI. Neurotrophins,
specifically brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) have demonstrated
reduced neuronal death, alleviated neuroinflammatory responses and improved neurological
functions following TBI via their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Further studies are required to ensure the efficacy and safety of neurotrophins to be used as TBI
treatment in clinical settings.