bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular Myelopathies
Authors: Jadhav Ashutosh P. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Vascular injuries of the spinal cord are less common than those involving the brain; however, they can be equally devastating. This article discusses the diagnosis and management of ischemic and hemorrhagic vascular disorders of the spinal cord.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
Clinical suspicion remains the mainstay for recognizing vascular myelopathies, yet diagnoses are often delayed and challenging in part because of their rarity and atypical manifestations. Noninvasive imaging such as CT and MRI continues to improve in spatial resolution and diagnostic precision; however, catheter-based spinal angiography remains the gold standard for defining the spinal angioarchitecture. In addition to hemorrhagic and ischemic disease, the contribution of venous dysfunction is increasingly appreciated and informs treatment strategies in conditions such as intracranial hypotension.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
Vascular disorders of the spine manifest in variable and often atypical ways, which may lead to delayed diagnosis. Increased awareness of these conditions is critical for early recognition and treatment. The goal of treatment is to minimize long-term morbidity and mortality.
Symptomatic Treatment of Myelopathy
Authors: Chuang Kathy 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
This article discusses the effects of myelopathy on multiple organ systems and reviews the treatment and management of some of these effects.

Latest Developments
Recent advances in functional electrical stimulation, epidural spinal cord stimulation, robotics, and surgical techniques such as nerve transfer show promise in improving function in patients with myelopathy. Ongoing research in stem cell therapy and neurotherapeutic drugs may provide further therapeutic avenues in the future.

Essential Points
Treatment for symptoms of spinal cord injury should be targeted toward patient goals. If nerve transfer for upper extremity function is considered, the patient should be evaluated at around 6 months from injury to assess for lower motor neuron involvement and possible time limitations of surgery. A patient with injury at or above the T6 level is at risk for autonomic dysreflexia, a life-threatening condition that presents with elevated blood pressure and can lead to emergent hypertensive crisis. Baclofen withdrawal due to baclofen pump failure or programming errors may also be life-threatening. Proper management of symptoms may help avoid complications such as autonomic dysreflexia, renal failure, heterotopic ossification, and fractures.
Clinical Approach to Myelopathy Diagnosis
Authors: Pardo Carlos A. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
This article describes an integrative strategy to evaluate patients with suspected myelopathy, provides advice on diagnostic approach, and outlines the framework for the etiologic diagnosis of myelopathies.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
Advances in diagnostic neuroimaging techniques of the spinal cord and improved understanding of the immune pathogenic mechanisms associated with spinal cord disorders have expanded the knowledge of inflammatory and noninflammatory myelopathies. The discovery of biomarkers of disease, such as anti–aquaporin 4 and anti–myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies involved in myelitis and other immune-related mechanisms, the emergence and identification of infectious disorders that target the spinal cord, and better recognition of myelopathies associated with vascular pathologies have expanded our knowledge about the broad clinical spectrum of myelopathies.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
Myelopathies include a group of inflammatory and noninflammatory disorders of the spinal cord that exhibit a wide variety of motor, sensory, gait, and sensory disturbances and produce major neurologic disability. Both inflammatory and noninflammatory myelopathies comprise a broad spectrum of pathophysiologic mechanisms and etiologic factors that lead to specific clinical features and presentations. Knowledge of the clinical variety of myelopathies and understanding of strategies for the precise diagnosis, identification of etiologic factors, and implementation of therapies can help improve outcomes.
Minimally Invasive L4–5 Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion With Robot-Assisted Single-Position Posterior Fixation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Pham Martin H. , Hernandez Nicholas S. 
Published: February 2024

We present here a 58-year-old female patient with L4–5 spondylolisthesis, who underwent a minimally invasive L4–5 oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) with robot-assisted bilateral posterior instrumented fixation in a single lateral position (Mazor X Stealth Edition, Medtronic).
There has been interest in detailed video-based descriptions of single-position surgery with lateral approach interbody fusions, either in the prone or lateral decubitus position.
1-6
Particularly, the addition of robotics has been shown to help increase overall operating efficiency in the lateral position with reduced case times even with the increased up-front robot setup time.
7,8
The OLIF, also known as an anterior-to-psoas approach, allows for single-position posterior fixation and can be very effective at L4–5 where the anatomy of the iliac crest or lumbar plexus does not preclude this surgical corridor the way it could in the transpsoas lateral lumbar interbody fusion. Clinical outcomes between these 2 lateral approaches have been shown to be very good,
9
and OLIF has reduced blood loss while still restoring alignment parameters compared with anterior lumbar interbody fusion, with better fusion and reduced subsidence compared with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.
10,11

To our knowledge, this is the first video demonstrating a view of the OLIF approach through a high-definition retractor-based camera (MaxView Camera, Viseon Inc).
There is no identifying patient information in this video. The participants and any identifiable individuals consented to publication of his/her image, and the patient consented to the procedure.
Πολυπολιτισμικότητα, Εθνο-Πολιτισμική Ετερότητα και Μετανάστευση: Θεωρητικές Προκείμενες, Εξελίξεις και Προκλήσεις για τη Σύγχρονη Ευρωπαϊκή Μεταναστευτική Πολιτική
Authors: Παπαδάκης Νίκος , Δημάρη Γεωργία , Κοσμαδάκης Νικόλαος 
Published: February 2024

Η παρούσα μελέτη επισκοπεί κριτικά τη σύγχρονη θεωρητική συζήτηση για τη διαχείριση της πολυπολιτισμικότητας και της πολιτισμικής ποικιλότητας, με ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στη θεωρητική διαμάχη ταυλοριανού κοινοτισμού και ηθικού φιλελευθερισμού. Στη συνέχεια και λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τις θεωρητικές προκείμενες και τα ζέοντα διακυβεύματα, εξετάζει ευσύνοπτα την εξέλιξη της ευρωπαϊκής μεταναστευτικής πολιτικής μετά το ξέσπασμα της Προσφυγικής κρίσης του 2015, αλλά και τις πολιτικές επιπτώσεις στις ευρωπαϊκές κοινωνίες, με έμφαση στην άνοδο ευρωσκεπτιστικών- αντιμεταναστευτικών- ακροδεξιών πολιτικών σχηματισμών, στη βάση και της εργαλειοποίησης στερεοτύπων και φόβων. Tούτων δοθέντων, εστιάζει επίσης στις αναδυομένες προκλήσεις για την ευρωπαϊκή μεταναστευτική πολιτική.
Alternating and Parallel Proximal Gradient Methods for Nonsmooth, Nonconvex Minimax: A Unified Convergence Analysis
Authors: Cohen Eyal , Teboulle Marc 
Published: February 2024

There is growing interest in nonconvex minimax problems that is driven by an abundance of applications. Our focus is on nonsmooth, nonconvex-strongly concave minimax, thus departing from the more common weakly convex and smooth models assumed in the recent literature. We present proximal gradient schemes with either parallel or alternating steps. We show that both methods can be analyzed through a single scheme within a unified analysis that relies on expanding a general convergence mechanism used for analyzing nonconvex, nonsmooth optimization problems. In contrast to the current literature, which focuses on the complexity of obtaining nearly approximate stationary solutions, we prove subsequence convergence to a critical point of the primal objective and global convergence when the latter is semialgebraic. Furthermore, the complexity results we provide are with respect to approximate stationary solutions. Lastly, we expand the scope of problems that can be addressed by generalizing one of the steps with a Bregman proximal gradient update, and together with a few adjustments to the analysis, this allows us to extend the convergence and complexity results to this broader setting. Funding: The research of E. Cohen was partially supported by a doctoral fellowship from the Israel Science Foundation [Grant 2619-20] and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Grant 800240]. The research of M. Teboulle was partially supported by the Israel Science Foundation [Grant 2619-20] and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Grant 800240].
Nutrire il pianeta, alimentare la speranza
Authors: Anelli Franco 
Published: February 2024

The long-lasting crisis has produced a new inequality: in the advanced societies, the numbers of people below the poverty threshold are on the increase and in the world one person in eight does not have enough food to have a healthy, active life; every year, deaths due to starvation are in the millions. This situation is even more shocking if we set it against the issue of “waste”: every year the industrialised countries throw around 1.3 billion tons of food, equal to one third of the world’s production and more than half the planet’s cereal crops, into the rubbish bin.
The theme of Expo 2015, “Feeding the Planet. Energy for Life”, fits into the context of this reality and will be remembered to the extent to which it is able to provide ideas, favour agreements, launch projects to create sustainable economies and useful collaborations in order to emancipate the poorest countries from the slavery of hunger at least a little. In this perspective, globalisation does not diminish the role of cooperation and in many situations it may indeed favour it, increasing its weight and value. It is necessary, however, to identify new and more structured approaches, alongside the traditional methods.
The Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore is operating in various nations of the world with international solidarity projects and experience confirms that it is unthinkable to act in isolation in providing responses to each situation of need. Cooperation, furthermore, must be able to avail itself of leaner legislation and institutions and governments that are quicker and more secure in sustaining it. The quality of the political response in fact facilitates and increases the private initiative that is indispensable to the spirit and action of cooperation.
Tales of two cities: political capitals and economic centres in the world city network.
Authors: Derudder Ben , J. Taylor Peter 
Published: February 2024

The majority of major cities in the world city network are capital cities. Between primacy and political specialization there are examples of countries where the capital city and a second city remain as major rival cities in contemporary globalization. In this paper we focus upon situations where the capital city is less important in global economic capacity: Rome and Milan, Berlin and Frankfurt, Abu Dhabi and Dubai, Delhi and Mumbai, Islamabad and Karachi.
This is an exercise in double comparisons: between cities in each pairing and between the pairings. Despite the massive differences – economic, cultural and political – amongst our chosen pairs of cities we have found communalities relating to the specific circumstance we are investigating. First, there is some evidence that economic centres are more global and less local than their capital cities. Second, more particularly, we have shown that in terms of global economic connections there is a very consistent pattern: economic centres have a much more coherent and telling integration into the world city network.
Supermodernity, distraction, schizophrenia: walking in Tokyo & Hong Kong.
Authors: -Yin Fong Ian Ho 
Published: February 2024

The architecture in a supermodern city has no sense of the place where it is located. This paper discusses how schizophrenia and distraction, through walking, respond to supermodernity by referring to how three dislocated subjects, Fumiya Takemura, Aiichiro Fukuhara and Fai in Tokyo and Hong Kong, are respectively depicted in the novel, Adrift in Tokyo written by Fujita Yoshinaga in 1999, with a film adaptation by Satoshi Miki (2007), and the film To Live and Die in Mongkok directed by Wong Jing in 2009. It suggests that Hong Kong is more supermodern than Tokyo. After his release from prison, Fai in To Live and Die in Mongkok finds that Mongkok is a completely different place from the one in which he used to live. The living conditions are no better than those in the prison. He hallucinates about the past. Adrift in Tokyo can be read as a story about walking. Fukuhara, a debt collector, killed his wife; before surrendering to the police, he orders his debtor, Takemura, to walk with him in Tokyo in order to re-experience the walks he enjoyed with his wife. If Takemura agrees, the debt can be paid off. This paper discusses how the repressed heterogeneous time and place can be approached by walking in a way that the rhythm of life can be (re-)experienced; in other words, when the body moves forward physically, the past appears as specter haunting the walker. This paper discusses how Adrift in Tokyo and To Live and Die in Mongkok read cities in distractive and schizophrenic ways. In the film version of Adrift in Tokyo, Takemura’s failed relationship with his father may unconsciously drive him to walk with Fukuhara. The novel may imply that the lost relationship with his mother drives him to walk. The film and the novel both address a kind of locality which should be inseparable from the birth parents. To Live and Die in Mongkok suggests that supermodernity kills mother and father. The Father-son relationship disappears at the very beginning of the film; the mother-son relationship has been segregated by prison (Fai’s mother, who has been “imprisoned” in Mongkok, a supermodern “prison”, is disconnected from her son who is imprisoned in Stanley, a real prison) and, in the end, by life and death. To Fai, walking is not possible, and, hence, a father-son relationship cannot be “cosplayed”, as Takemura and Fukuhara do. They can “play” as father and son in the ordinary Tokyo. A supermodern Mongkok suggests that an unwalkable city is a prison, a brothel and a madhouse; Adrift in Tokyo suggests that a walkable city is a cosplay arena for wandering, for approaching a lost relationship nurtured in locality since birth.
Social Media and Political Change in the 21st Century the African Experience
Authors: Chidi A. M. , Chimee I. N. 
Published: February 2024

Technology no doubt is the engine that drives the modern world, both for destruction and good; and one of the wonders of modern technology is the computer and the allied internet. Modern communication network now relies on the internet using the computer and mobile telephones. In fact, there is no place to hide with the internet and the handy smart phones with which calls are made and pictures and videos recorded and transmitted across boundaries and continents.
The advancements in the computer and internet systems in the last decade of the 20th century produced radical changes in both internet connectivity and features available to users through which people are linked across the globe. The three most basic of these internet features that have radically shaped modern communication are, Facebook, Twitters, and the U-Tube, among others. The three are the most popular and core elements of the social media compartment of our modern internet system. Computer technology has broken the boundaries of closed societies and systems, making actions and activities in such systems open and available to the wider world. Through the internet and its core elements, repressive regimes have been exposed and activities going on in liberal societies are shared. Interestingly, Africa became the starting point for the agitation for political change, which was bolstered by the social media.
The so-called “Arab Spring”, which first started in Africa through expositions of social media, saw the dismantling of three despotic and ruthless regimes in Arab North Africa, thus giving vent to agitations for an end to dictatorship and illiberality in other Arab states. The paper will examine the role of the social media in political transformation and change of dictatorial regimes in Africa and the consequences such would have on the overall political template of Africa.
Knowledge, Access and Practice Understanding the Affordable Care Act from the Voices of Somali Immigrant Women in the United States
Authors: McClinton Griffith Fareeda 
Published: February 2024

Previous literature acknowledges a lack of insurance as a deterrent in seeking healthcare, thus impacting the overall health status of Somali immigrant women (Francis, Griffith, and Leser 2014). This paper builds on the previous literature and addresses the following:a) understand the link between the social determinants of health framework and the Affordable Care Act; b) explore Somali women’s attitudes about the feasibility of access and knowledge of the Affordable Care Act, specifically the Medicaid expansion and health insurance marketplace; c) address Somali women’s encounters with doctors and practitioners post-enactment of the Affordable Care Act. Using interview data from twenty Somali women, common themes elicited were the following: miscommunication among Somali immigrant women and their healthcare providers, feelings of social anxiety and other mental health issues, as well as poor patient and doctor relationships. The project is a community-engaged research study that collects data on individuals’ knowledge with the Affordable Care Act by working with members of several Somali led organizations to identify additional key issues within the community. Furthermore, this project challenges the complexity of adapting and integrating into an unfamiliar culture due to language barriers and approach to medical practices, i.e. views about medical practices may be due to cultural values and beliefs about health. In conclusion, this paper provides demographic data about the impact of health disparities on Somali refugees and immigrants by including how they view access to healthcare, identify barriers to information and care provided by health practitioners, and examine their needs in terms of preventive care.
Macerie il fantasma della natura nell’era dell’Antropocene
Authors: Carrieri Alessandro 
Published: February 2024

The blind faith in progress, as a submission to a nomosimbued with mythical elements, is declined today through concepts and slogans which participate in the umpteenth ideological mystification of the technocratic society of consumption, aimed at legitimizing and justifying the unconditional domination and exploitation of Nature, even through the (wholly fraudulent) promotion of its protection. The present paper intends to show how even such escamotages, far from breaking the logic of “growth for growth”, move rather in the direction of what Löwith called a total denaturalization of the world and man, that is to say the triumph of the Apparatenweltof Günther Anders. If Man interacts with the natural environment solely through the mediation of a variegated set of techniques, in fact, Nature itself disappears from its subjective horizon and he does nothing but interact with these techniques and with the techno-nature which they originate.
Credere nel mondo l’umano e la fine
Authors: Missiroli Paolo 
Published: February 2024

In this essay I try to underline the relation between different ways to think about the end of the world and different philosophical anthropologies, which are always presupposed in those thoughts. The article begins with an analysis of some scenes of the film Melancholia of Lars Von Trier. The explanation of those scenes is supposed to clarify my intentions and some thesis I will demonstrate in the rest of the article. I approach the problem of the relation between the end of the world and the philosophical anthropology using De Castro and Danowski’s book Is there any world to come?,and I develop their investigation by analyzing the work of Gunther Anders. I conclude the article trying to demonstrate that the problem of the Anthropocene is not the end of Life but the end of the world, and in this sense is important to conceive in a different way the man and is relation to the world.
Adoption and Adaptation of Communication Audit in Corporate Communications
Authors: Gupta Mona 
Published: February 2024

Communication is the lifeline of every organization. A communication audit is an idea, a concept, tool or instrument used to diagnose strengths and weaknesses of the communication system of the organization. Corporate communications are the communication functions of an organization, actively involved in the decision-making process, and forming a strategy for handling internal and external communications. The following paper studies three objectives, first to understand the relevance of adoption of communication audit, second to analyze the reasons for adoption and rejection of communication audit, and lastly, to find out the adaptation of communication audit in corporate communications. Corporate communication managers were interviewed and the data was analyzed based on the adoption theory of Everett Rogers’s Theory of Diffusion of Innovation. By analyzing the persuasive and decision making factors for adopting a communication audit, and finding out a list of adapted tools used in the department, there is a clear indication of the need for adoption of communication audit in the corporate communication department. Also, looking at the other ways used for analyzing communication, an adaptation of communication audits in some form has also been seen in the corporate communications of organizations.
Diagnosing and managing psoriasis in primary care
Authors: Perry Margaret 
Published: February 2024

This common chronic skin condition is distressing for patients affecting their well being and quality of life. Margaret Perry provides an overview of this condition, its symptoms and management. Psoriasis is a long-term chronic condition, which often follows a relapsing and remitting course, requiring treatment throughout the affected person's life. It can be distressing for patients affecting their well being and quality of life. This article aims to give nurses and non-medical prescribers an overview of this condition, its symptoms and management with the hope that they may feel more confident in recognising and treating this distressing disease.