bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review of the Diverse Spectrum Activity of 1,2,3‐Triazole‐linked Isatin Hybrids
Authors: Rohila Yajat , Sebastian Sharol , Ansari Azaj , Kumar Deepak , Mishra D. K. , Gupta Manoj K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHeterocyclic compounds containing 1,2,3‐triazole and isatin as core structures have emerged as promising drug candidates due to their diverse biological activities such as anti‐cancer, antifungal, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti‐epileptic, antiviral, and more. The presence of 1,2,3‐triazoles and isatin heterocycles in these hybrids, both individually known for their medicinal significance, has increasingly piqued the interest of drug discovery researchers, as they seek to delve deeper into their extensive pharmacological potential for enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, these hybrid compounds are synthetically accessible using readily available materials. Therefore, there is a pressing need to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge in this field, offering valuable insights to readers and paving the way for the discovery of novel 1,2,3‐triazole‐linked isatin hybrids with therapeutic potential.
Treatment of hypoglycemia due to a rare pathogenic variant in AKT2 with waxy maize heat‐modified starch
Authors: Parker Madeline , Yau Daphne 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageThe gain‐of‐function AKT2 c.49G>A variant causes hypoketotic hypoglycemia with variable associated features. Due to lack of effective medications, treatment is primarily supportive. This report suggests waxy maize heat is a viable treatment option.AbstractThe serine–threonine kinase AKT2 is a critical mediator of insulin's anabolic effects, particularly cellular glucose uptake. The gain‐of‐function c.49G>A, p.(Glu17Lys) AKT2 variant results in hypoketotic hypoglycemia with suppressed insulin and free fatty acid levels due to constitutive activation of the insulin signaling cascade. Although biochemical similarities exist among the eight individuals identified to date, the associated phenotype varies considerably. Treatment of these patients remains challenging, consisting primarily of frequent feeds with uncooked cornstarch. We describe a female with hemihypertrophy, developmental delay, and dysmorphic features who presented to our center with hypoglycemic seizures at age 6 months. Critical sample revealed hypoketotic hypoglycemia, undetectable insulin, and suppressed free fatty acids. Molecular testing confirmed a pathogenic c.49G>A, p.(Glu17Lys) AKT2 mutation. Glycemic control was initially difficult to establish, with recurrent hypoglycemia despite high glucose infusion rates. Following in‐hospital administration of waxy maize heat‐modified starch at age 4‐years, she remained euglycemic overnight, despite a previous report showing no benefit compared to uncooked cornstarch in an infant with the same mutation. Our report suggests waxy maize heat‐modified starch is a viable treatment option for patients with activating c.49G>A AKT2 mutations and provides further evidence of a broad phenotypic spectrum.
Choledochal cyst as an incidental finding during acute cholecystitis: A case report
Authors: Wern Ryan Isaac Sia Zu , Venna Pravallika , Sarkar Akash , Abdul‐Haque Marwa , Bhattessa Saachi 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageThis case demonstrates an atypical presentation of choledochal cysts (CDCs) and elaborates on the diagnostic challenges encountered when presented with CDCs in adulthood, as it principally presents in children.AbstractA choledochal cyst is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by cystic dilations in the extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary trees. These cysts are classified according to their location and characteristics. This case study aims to demonstrate how nonspecific clinical features can pose a diagnostic dilemma when presented in adults. Additionally, the case report provides an overview of diagnostic methods and treatment options. In this case, we discuss a 50‐year‐old female who presented with a 2‐ to 3‐day history of severe colicky pain in the right upper quadrant of her abdomen without any other symptoms or abnormal laboratory tests. In addition to ultrasonography evidence of CBD dilation and cholelithiasis, MRCP results confirmed the diagnosis. She underwent surgical intervention involving cyst excision, a Roux‐en‐Y hepatojejunostomy, and a cholecystectomy. The postoperative period was without significant complications. The case presented here illustrates the potential outcomes for individuals who present with choledochal cysts during adulthood. Often, these cases present with vague symptoms or as the underlying cause of a more severe condition. This case contributes to the existing knowledge of choledochal cysts by providing insight into the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment options.
Focal central neurological disorder in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease without encephalopathy
Authors: Sharifi Parisa , Paybast Sepideh , Naser Moghadasi Abdorreza 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageThe report underscores the necessity for a comprehensive evaluation in patients with suggestive laboratory findings or AITD history. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are imperative in averting long‐term complications.
The bending technique of a scoring balloon Aperta NSE leading to successful crossing into stents
Authors: Funayama Naohiro , Kayanuma Keigo , Sunaga Daisuke , Furugen Makoto 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA new scoring balloon Aperta NSE has 3 longitudinal nylon elements mounted on the non‐compliant balloon surface. Although a high‐pressure balloon is usually used as a post‐dilation balloon in an implanted stent, it is difficult to pass into the stents because a balloon gets caught in stents in some cases. Aperta NSE has some grooves at elements; therefore, this balloon is bendable and shaped in an arc. The bent scoring balloon could eliminate interference between the balloon and the stents or lesions. Moreover, the point where the tip of the balloon contacts could change. As a result, it helps to improve crossability of this balloon. The bending technique of a scoring balloon Aperta NSE could lead to successful crossing into stents or complex lesions.
Effects of Solvent and Monomer on the Kinetics of Radical Generation in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Fantin Marco , Tognella Enrico , Antonello Andrea , Lorandi Francesca , Calore Elia , Macior Angelika , Durante Christian , Isse Abdirisak A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnlike classical radical polymerization, the kinetics of atom transfer radical polymerization show significant solvent dependence, possibly arising from solvent effects on the activation step. A kinetic study on the activation of the initiator ethyl α‐bromoisobutyrate by [CuITPMA]+ (TPMA=tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine), an initiator/catalyst combination frequently used in ATRP, was carried out in DMSO, DMF, MeCN, anisole, ethyl acetate, and their 50 vol % mixtures with styrene (STY) and methyl methacrylate (MMA). kact values varying about 3 orders of magnitude from 3.14×105 mol−1 dm3 s−1 in DMSO to 9.41×102 mol−1 dm3 s−1 in ethyl acetate were found. These values showed excellent correlation with the solvent polarity/polarizability parameter π*. The effect of MMA or STY depended on polarity compatibility between the monomer and the solvent: After monomer addition, kact decreased considerably in polar solvents, whereas it was almost unaffected in nonpolar solvents.
Oxidation of Alcohols in Continuous Flow with a Solid Phase Hypervalent Iodine Catalyst
Authors: Bensberg Kathrin , Savvidis Athanasios , Ballaschk Frederic , Gómez‐Suárez Adrián , Kirsch Stefan F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOne of the most useful transformations in the synthetic chemist arsenal is the oxidation of alcohols to their corresponding carbonyl congeners. Despite its seemingly straightforward nature, this transformative reaction predominantly relies on the use of metals or hazardous reagents, making these processes highly unsustainable. To address this challenge, we have developed a sustainable metal‐free method for the oxidation of alcohols in continuous flow. Using a solid phase hypervalent iodine catalyst and nBu4HSO5 as a phase transfer catalyst and co‐oxidant, primary and secondary alcohols were selectively oxidized to the corresponding carbonyl motifs. This operationally simple continuous‐flow set‐up is highly robust (15 cycles run without significant catalyst leaching or loss of reaction efficiency), uses green solvents, such as acetonitrile or acetic acid, and is readily scalable.
Parameters Influencing the Photochemical Cyclodehydrochlorination (CDHC) Reaction
Authors: Jolly Anthony , Fecteau Charles‐Émile , Johnson Paul Andrew , Morin Jean‐François 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe photochemical cyclodehydrochlorination (CDHC) reaction has recently been used to prepare a wide variety of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). However, the parameters affecting the efficiency of this reaction have been scarcely studied. In this work, we investigated how the reaction conditions influence the outcome of the reaction. The effect of functional groups on the different phenyl rings of the o‐terphenyl scaffold was also studied. The reaction kinetics follow the same trend as Hammett's constant when electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups are present on the ring bearing the chlorine. The CDHC reaction can be successfully performed using less energetic 365 nm light in the presence of a triplet sensitizer. Computational results provide insight on the reaction mechanism, notably by identifying its three intermediate structures as well as its limiting step.
Furfural to Cyclopentanone – a Search for Putative Oligomeric By‐products
Authors: Baldenhofer Rick , Lange Jean‐Paul , Kersten Sascha R. A. , Ruiz M. Pilar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe report here on the reductive rearrangement of biomass‐derived furfural to cyclopentanone, a promising non‐fossil feedstock for fuels and chemicals. An underreported aspect of this reaction is the inevitable formation of heavy byproducts. To mitigate its formation, process condition such as, solvent, catalyst, temperature, acidity, and feed concentration were varied to unravel the chemistry and improve the reaction performance. Water medium was confirmed to play a crucial role, as organic solvents were unable to deliver cyclopentanone or heavy by products. Copper‐based catalyst showed the highest selectivity for ring‐rearrangement, reaching 50 mol % under the conditions investigated. The main factor influencing the yields of cyclopentanone (CPO), and promote oligomer formation, are the feed concentration and the pH, as high feed concentrations and high acidity facilitate the self‐polymerization of furfuryl alcohol (FALC). This was confirmed by dedicated experiments using FALC and the hydroxypentenone intermediate as feed. The concentration challenge could be mitigated by slowly dosing the feed, which increased the desired product yields by 4–12 mol %. Nevertheless, most oligomers appeared to fall in the range of common liquid fuels and could be converted to diesel by hydrodeoxygenation.
Image‐guided metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal tumour heterogeneity in luminal A and B human breast cancer beyond glucose tracer uptake
Authors: Yang Qianlu , Deng Sisi , Preibsch Heike , Schade Tim‐Colin , Koch André , Berezhnoy Georgy , Zizmare Laimdota , Fischer Anna , Gückel Brigitte , Staebler Annette , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Pichler Bernd J. , la Fougère Christian , Hahn Markus , Bonzheim Irina , Nikolaou Konstantin , Trautwein Christoph 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is a metabolically heterogeneous disease, and although the concept of heterogeneous cancer metabolism is known, its precise role in human breast cancer is yet to be fully elucidated.MethodsWe investigated in an explorative approach a cohort of 42 primary mamma carcinoma patients with positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR) prior to surgery, followed by histopathology and molecular diagnosis. From a subset of patients, which showed high metabolic heterogeneity based on tracer uptake and pathology classification, tumour centre and periphery specimen tissue samples were further investigated by a targeted breast cancer gene expression panel and quantitative metabolomics by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. All data were analysed in a combinatory approach.Results[18F]FDG (2‐deoxy‐2‐[fluorine‐18]fluoro‐d‐glucose) tracer uptake confirmed dominance of glucose metabolism in the breast tumour centre, with lower levels in the periphery. Additionally, we observed differences in lipid and proliferation related genes between luminal A and B subtypes in the centre and periphery. Tumour periphery showed elevated acetate levels and enrichment in lipid metabolic pathways genes especially in luminal B. Furthermore, serine was increased in the periphery and higher expression of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) indicated one‐carbon metabolism increased in tumour periphery. The overall metabolic activity based on [18F]FDG uptake of luminal B subtype was higher than that of luminal A and the difference between the periphery and centre increased with tumour grade.ConclusionOur analysis indicates variations in metabolism among different breast cancer subtypes and sampling locations which details the heterogeneity of the breast tumours. Correlation analysis of [18F]FDG tracer uptake, transcriptome and tumour metabolites like acetate and serine facilitate the search for new candidates for metabolic tracers and permit distinguishing luminal A and B. This knowledge may help to differentiate subtypes preclinically or to provide patients guide for neoadjuvant therapy and optimised surgical protocols based on individual tumour metabolism.
Could hybridization increase the establishment success of the biological control agent Aphalara itadori (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) against invasive knotweeds?
Authors: Yoshimoto Andrew , Szűcs Marianna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntraspecific hybridization between distinct populations could increase the fitness and adaptive potential of biological control agents that often have low genetic diversity and can be inbred due to long‐term laboratory rearing often at small population sizes. Hybridization can also alter host preference and performance when the parental insect populations are adapted to different host plants. We investigated the effects of hybridization between two populations (Northern and Southern) of the psyllid, Aphalara itadori, that have different fitness on three invasive knotweed species (Japanese, giant, and Bohemian). Fecundity, host choice, and developmental success of second‐generation reciprocal hybrids and the parental psyllid populations were compared on the three knotweed species in multiple‐choice tests. Hybridization did not increase fecundity. All three knotweed species were accepted for oviposition without preference by the Southern and the two hybrid psyllid populations. The northern psyllid population laid the most eggs on Bohemian knotweeds but those were maladaptive choices since almost all eggs failed to develop. The developmental success of the parental psyllid populations was highest on the knotweed species they were originally collected from, on Japanese knotweed of the Southern psyllids and giant knotweed of the Northern psyllids. Hybrids had intermediate or higher survival on given knotweed hosts compared to their parents. These results can inform release tactics of A. itadori in different regions especially where there appear to be climatic and/or host mismatches such as in Michigan. In southern Michigan, based on climate the Northern psyllid population should be released. However, the most common knotweed species in the region are Bohemian and Japanese knotweeds that do not support the development of the Northern psyllids. In this case, hybrids that may carry cold adaptations of the Northern psyllids but have better developmental success on the prevailing knotweed species may be considered for release to increase establishment success.
Decatungstate‐Catalyzed Carbon‐Carbon Bond Formation Between Furfural and Electron‐Deficient Olefins
Authors: Nielsen Emil Krogh , El‐Chami Kassem , de Lichtenberg Clara Mondrup , Madsen Robert 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFurfural is produced on a large commercial scale from lignocellulose and can be used for the preparation of several industrial chemicals with four to five carbon atoms. Further functionalization of furfural by C−H activation, however, is less widely developed. In the present work, tetrabutylammonium decatungstate is investigated as an inexpensive photocatalyst for activating the aldehyde C−H bond and mediate a coupling between furfural and electron‐deficient olefins. The results show that furfural can be successfully added to benzylidene malononitriles, acrylates, itaconic anhydride, maleic anhydride, 2‐vinylpyridine and phenyl vinyl sulfone to generate the corresponding furanyl ketones in moderate‐to‐good yields. The electronic properties of the electron‐deficient olefins are instrumental for achieving a favorable reaction with furfural. The findings show how photocatalysis can be used to form new carbon‐carbon bonds from a platform molecule, which in this way can be converted into a number of more advanced structures.
An efficient method for detecting membrane protein oligomerization and complex using 05SAR‐PAGE
Authors: Huang Liqun , Tong Qiong , Chen Lang , Zhao Weijing , Zhang Zeting , Chai Zhaofei , Yang Jun , Li Conggang , Liu Maili , Jiang Ling 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOligomerization is an important feature of proteins, which gives a defined quaternary structure to complete the biological functions. Although frequently observed in membrane proteins, characterizing the oligomerization state remains complicated and time‐consuming. In this study, 0.05% (w/v) sarkosyl‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (05SAR‐PAGE) was used to identify the oligomer states of the membrane proteins CpxA, EnvZ, and Ma‐Mscl with high sensitivity. Furthermore, two‐dimensional electrophoresis (05SAR/sodium dodecyl sulfate–PAGE) combined with western blotting and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was successfully applied to study the complex of CpxA/OmpA in cell lysate. The results indicated that 05SAR‐PAGE is an efficient, economical, and practical gel method that can be widely used for the identification of membrane protein oligomerization and the analysis of weak protein interactions.
Spatial transferability of the physically based model TRIGRS using parameter ensembles
Authors: de Vugt Lotte , Zieher Thomas , Schneider‐Muntau Barbara , Moreno Mateo , Steger Stefan , Rutzinger Martin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe development of better, more reliable and more efficient susceptibility assessments for shallow landslides is becoming increasingly important. Physically based models are well‐suited for this, due to their high predictive capability. However, their demands for large, high‐resolution and detailed input datasets make them very time‐consuming and costly methods. This study investigates if a spatially transferable model calibration can be created with the use of parameter ensembles and with this alleviate the time‐consuming calibration process of these methods. To investigate this, the study compares the calibration of the model TRIGRS in two different study areas. The first study area was taken from a previous study where the dynamic physically based model TRIGRS was calibrated for the Laternser valley in Vorarlberg, Austria. The calibrated parameter ensemble and its performance from this previous study are compared with a calibrated parameter ensemble of the model TRIGRS for the Passeier valley in South Tyrol, Italy. The comparison showed very similar model performance and large similarities in the calibrated geotechnical parameter values of the best model runs in both study areas. There is a subset of calibrated geotechnical parameter values that can be used successfully in both study areas and potentially other study areas with similar lithological characteristics. For the hydraulic parameters, the study did not find a transferable parameter subset. These parameters seem to be more sensitive to different soil types. Additionally, the results of the study also showed the importance of the inclusion of detailed information on the timing of landslide initiation in the calibration of the model.
High‐order gas kinetic flux solver for viscous compressible flow simulations
Authors: Jiang Lan , Wu Jie , Yang Liming , Dong Hao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough the gas kinetic schemes (GKS) have emerged as one of the powerful tools for simulating compressible flows, they exhibit several shortcomings. Since the local solution of continuous Boltzmann equation with the Maxwellian distribution function is used to calculate the numerical fluxes at the cell interface, the flux expression in GKS is usually more complicated. In this paper, a high‐order simplified gas kinetic flux solver (GKFS) is presented for simulating two‐dimensional compressible flows. Circular function‐based GKFS (C‐GKFS), which simplifies the Maxwellian distribution function into the circular function, combined with an improved weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO‐Z) scheme is applied to capture more details of the flow fields with fewer grids. As a result, a simple high‐order accurate C‐GKFS is obtained, which improves the computing efficiency and reduce its complexity to facilitate the practical application of engineering. A series of benchmark‐test problems are simulated and good agreement can be obtained compared with the references, which demonstrate that the high‐order C‐GKFS can achieve the desired accuracy.
Intraoperative hybrid technique for excision of temporal bone paraganglioma: A case report
Authors: Noy Roee , Livneh Ido , Zohar Yaniv , Abergel Eitan , Vaisbuch Yona 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundTemporal bone paragangliomas are vascularized neoplasms. Although preoperative angioembolization serves as a valuable approach to reduce intraoperative blood loss, it comes with an elevated risk of cranial neuropathies, offers no assurance of complete hemostasis, and precludes real‐time adjustments during surgery.MethodsA 74‐year‐old patient presented with recurrent episodes of ear bleeding. On examination, a vascular lesion obstructed her external auditory canal. It had the clinical and radiological characteristics of a paraganglioma. Angiography revealed that it had three feeding vessels.ResultsThe patient was successfully scheduled for hybrid, intraoperative angiography and temporary balloon occlusion of the feeding vessels supplying the lesion instead of preoperative angioembolization.ConclusionsUtilizing hybrid intraoperative angiography with temporary balloon occlusion during the surgical removal of temporal bone paragangliomas represents an innovative technique that reduces the risk of permanent cranial neuropathies while providing the capacity for real‐time adjustments and improved hemostasis.