bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connections of the nucleus incertus
Authors: Goto Marina , Swanson Larry W. , Canteras Newton S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe nucleus incertus (NI) is a distinct cell group in caudoventral regions of the pontine periventricular gray, adjacent to the ventromedial border of the caudal dorsal tegmental nucleus. Recent interest in the NI stems from evidence that it represents one of the periventricular sites with the highest expression levels of mRNA encoding the type 1 corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) receptor, which has a high affinity for naturally occurring CRH, perhaps accounting for some of the extrapituitary actions of the peptide on autonomic and behavioral components of the stress response. However, almost nothing is known about NI function and hodological relationships. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic analysis of NI inputs and outputs using cholera toxin B subunit as a retrograde tracer and Phaseolus vulgaris‐leucoagglutinin as an anterograde tracer. Our retrograde tracer experiments indicate that the NI is in a strategic position to integrate information related to behavioral planning (from the prefrontal cortex), lateral habenular processing, hippocampal function, and oculomotor control. Based on its efferent connections, the NI is in a position to exert significant modulating influences on prefrontal and hippocampal cortical activity, and the nucleus is also in a position to influence brain sites known to control locomotor behavior, attentive states, and learning processes. Overall, the present results support the idea that the NI is a distinct region of the pontine periventricular gray, and together with the superior central (median raphé) and interpeduncular nuclei the NI appears to form a midline behavior control network of the brainstem. J. Comp. Neurol. 438:86–122, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tutorial on the importance of color in language and culture
Authors: Schirillo James A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis tutorial examines how people of various cultures classify different colors as belonging together under common color names. This is addressed by examining Berlin and Kay's (1969) hierarchical classification scheme. Special attention is paid to the additional five (derived) color terms (i.e., brown, purple, pink, orange, and gray) that must be added to Herings' six primaries (i.e., white, black, red, green, yellow, blue) to constitute Berlin and Kay's basic color terms. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, 179–192, 2001
The development of the CIE 2000 colour‐difference formula: CIEDE2000
Authors: Luo M. R. , Cui G. , Rigg B. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA colour‐difference equation based on CIELAB is developed. It includes not only lightness, chroma, and hue weighting functions, but also an interactive term between chroma and hue differences for improving the performance for blue colours and a scaling factor for CIELAB a* scale for improving the performance for gray colours. Four reliable colour discrimination datasets based upon object colours were accumulated and combined. The equation was tested together with the other advanced CIELAB based equations using the combined dataset and each individual dataset. It outperformed CMC and CIE94 by a large margin, and predicted better than BFD and LCD. The equation has been officially adopted as the new CIE colour‐difference equation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, 340–350, 2001
Adaptive ABR congestion control with active buffer control
Authors: Yuan X. J. , Soong B. H. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractATM Forum has defined that the ABR service is designed mainly for data traffic. The design of a simple and efficient congestion control scheme is a problem that network managers have to face. In this paper, we propose a control scheme for ABR service for better scalability and response. The scheme uses both the load level and an increase in queue length to detect the presence of congestion. Continuous control functions are designed for the bandwidth allocation. A better buffer control is achieved by incorporating the percentage of buffer occupancy into the control function. All of the control functions are designed in such a way that they are sensitive to the change of the system states when they are far from the optimal level to get a fast response, but insensitive and change slowly when the states are close to the optimal level to keep the system around the steady state. Our simulation results show that the algorithm is fair to all the connections and it converges fast when the network's condition changes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atypical squamous epithelium in cytologic specimens from the pancreas: Cytological differential diagnosis and clinical implications
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Cramer Harvey , Madden John , Gopez Evelyn V. , Liu Katharine 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAtypical squamous epithelium is an uncommon finding in cytologic specimens obtained from pancreatic lesions. A variety of pathologic conditions can result in the presence of these cells, including primary or metastatic carcinomas, chronic pancreatitis, and squamous metaplasia related to pancreatic or biliary duct stent placement. Primary adenosquamous and squamous‐cell carcinomas of the pancreas are rare, representing 3.4% and 1.4 % of pancreatic carcinomas, respectively. Cytologic separation of these malignancies from less ominous metaplasias has immense clinical importance. We reviewed Indiana University Hospital's and Duke University's experiences with atypical squamous epithelium occurring within pancreatic aspirates. Study cases were identified using a computer to search the cytology records of these two institutions. Nine cases with a diagnosis of squamous‐cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, or atypical squamous epithelium were retrieved from the two institutions' Department of Pathology files. One case of pure squamous‐cell carcinoma occurred in a patient with a known pulmonary primary; a single case of adenosquamous carcinoma was diagnosed in a patient with a coexistent endometrial primary; a single sample of adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation was diagnosed in a patient without other known disease; and four primary squamous‐cell carcinomas of the pancreas were detected. In addition, a single case of atypical squamous metaplasia associated with a stent was identified, and one case of atypical squamous epithelium associated with chronic pancreatitis was diagnosed. Despite the reactive atypia present in the examples of metaplastic squamous epithelium, separation of these cases from true squamous‐cell carcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma was achievable by cytologic evaluation. No cytologic criteria aided in separating primary pancreatic carcinomas with squamous differentiation from metastatic lesions. In this study, we report our findings in a series of nine cases where cytology disclosed atypical squamous epithelium in the aspirates derived from pancreatic lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:38–42, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary pleural effusion posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder: Distinction from secondary involvement and effusion lymphoma
Authors: Ohori N. Paul , Whisnant Richard E. , Nalesnik Michael A. , Swerdlow Steven H. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPleural effusion presentation of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is relatively uncommon. Most examples of effusion‐based PTLD have been secondary to widespread solid organ involvement, and are associated with an aggressive clinical course. We report on a case of primary effusion PTLD in a 70‐yr‐old male liver transplant recipient with a history of hepatitis B infection. Cytomorphologically, the pleural fluid specimen showed a monomorphous population of intermediate to large‐sized transformed lymphoid cells, with irregular multilobated nuclear contours and readily identifiable mitotic figures. Flow cytometric immunophenotypic studies revealed a CD5‐negative, CD10‐negative, lambda immunoglobulin light chain‐positive, monoclonal B‐lymphocyte (CD19‐positive/CD20‐positive) population. The immunocytochemical stain for CD30 antigen was negative. In situ hybridization study for Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) early RNA (EBER) and Southern blot analysis for EBV terminal repeat sequences were both positive. Southern blot analysis for human herpes virus‐8 (HHV‐8) was negative. No solid‐organ PTLD was identified, and the cytologic results supported the diagnosis of primary effusion PTLD. Immunosuppression was decreased, and 8 mo following the diagnosis of pleural fluid PTLD, the patient was stable and his pleural effusion had markedly diminished. Recognition of primary effusion PTLD and its distinction from PTLD secondarily involving the body fluids and from other lymphomas is important, since the behavior and prognosis appear different. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:50–53, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
P2 nucleotide receptors in peripheral nerve trunk
Authors: Irnich Dominik , Burgstahler Ralf , Grafe Peter 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThere is considerable interest in the possibility that ATP may function as a peripheral pain mediator. Most of the studies underlying this idea are electrophysiological recordings from sensory cell bodies, as nociceptive axons with diameters of 1 to 3 μm are not accessible by intracellular electrophysiological methods. However, the most important region for conduction of nociceptive information is thin axons in the peripheral nerve trunk. These nociceptive axons are in close contact with ensheathing Schwann cells, which also cannot easily be studied in situ by conventional recording techniques. In this review, we describe new methods that have been used to study the effects of ATP on unmyelinated axons and Schwann cells in intact peripheral nerve preparations. Threshold tracking of compound C fibre potentials and confocal calcium imaging revealed that extracellular ATP has rapid excitatory effects on both axons and Schwann cells in peripheral nerve trunk. Thereby, at least four different ionotropic and metabotropic P2 receptors were separated by pharmacological profiles. These receptors (P2X2/3 on unmyelinated axons; P2Y1, P2Y2, and P2X7 on Schwann cells) would allow for rapid interactions between axons and Schwann cells. It is suggested that purinergic signalling in peripheral nerve trunk contributes not only to pain transduction but might be involved in mechanosensitivity, inflammation, proliferation, and demyelination. Drug Dev. Res. 52:83–88, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Negative chronotropic effect of CVT‐510 in anesthetized and awake rats
Authors: Gao Zhenhai , Rosete Jose , Kohler Gail , Huang Bee‐Lian , Blackburn Brent , Belardinelli Luiz 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCVT‐510 (N‐(3(R)‐tetrahydrofuranyl)‐6‐aminopurine riboside), a selective A1 adenosine receptor (AdoR) agonist, is being developed as an “AV nodal blocking” agent for acute control of ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation and flutter and management of AV nodal reentrant tachycardias. A1 AdoR agonists are also known to cause sinus bradycardia. In the present study, we characterized the bradycardic effect of CVT‐510 in anesthetized and awake rats. In anesthetized rats, intravenous infusions of CVT‐510 slowed heart rate in a dose‐dependent manner. At doses of 0.5–1.0 μg/kg (1.5–3.0 nmol/kg) and >1.5 μg/kg (4.5 nmol/kg), CVT‐510 slowed heart rate by 30–40% and >50% of baseline, respectively. The sinus bradycardia caused by CVT‐510 was reversible upon termination of infusion. The decreases in heart rate caused by CVT‐510 were accompanied by stepwise increases in plasma levels of CVT‐510. The relationship between plasma levels of CVT‐510 and slowing of heart rate yielded a correlation coefficient (R value) of 0.9. In awake rats CVT‐510 given by repeated (n = 7) intraperitoneal (ip) injections or by chronic (4 days) subcutaneous (sc) administration caused reproducible, dose‐dependent, and persistent bradycardia. Injections ip of 50 μg/kg (148 nmol/kg) CVT‐510 caused sinus bradycardias of >100 bpm. Continuous sc administration of CVT‐510 (e.g., 100 nmol/kg/h) slowed heart rate by 80–60 bpm throughout the duration of infusion, i.e., 4 days. Thus, in rats the sinus bradycardia caused by CVT‐510 does not undergo desensitization due to repeated injections and is persistent, with minimal attenuation during chronic administration. Drug Dev. Res. 52:424–430, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term reliability evaluation of power semiconductor devices used in power station rectifiers and substation rectifiers
Authors: Horiuchi Toshikazu , Sugawara Yoshitaka 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn power stations and substations of electric power companies, power semiconductor devices such as diodes and thyristors have been used in control power supplies and emergency power supplies since the 1970s. Such equipment is designed on the assumption that power semiconductor devices are semipermanent, since their service life is much longer than that of capacitors and resistors. Therefore, it is hard to find studies that have systematically examined the long‐term reliability of semiconductor devices.Such studies are very important from the viewpoint of ensuring reliability and improving the renewal period by proper equipment maintenance. This paper discusses the long‐term reliability of power semiconductor devices used in power station rectifiers and substation rectifiers. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 136(3): 67–75, 2001
Application of wavelet theory to identify yielding in seismic response of bi‐linear structures
Authors: Pan Tso‐Chien , Lee Chin Long 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe time–frequency and the time‐scale analysis methods are used in this paper to identify the dynamic characteristics of non‐linear seismic response of structural systems with single degree of freedom (SDOF) and multiple degrees of freedom (MDOF). Based on the floor acceleration response time histories of bi‐linear SDOF and MDOF structures, the current study compares the results of system identification using the short‐time Fourier transform (STFT), continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) methods. The aim is to identify the frequency variations and the time at on‐set of yielding and unloading of a bi‐linear structural system during seismic response. The results demonstrate that the CWT method is better than the STFT method in both time and frequency resolutions, and that the DWT method is the best at detecting the time at on‐set of yielding and unloading. Combining the results of CWT and DWT methods therefore provides accurate information of both frequency variations and yielding time in non‐linear seismic response. To alleviate the problems associated with noise‐contaminated signals, e.g. seismic response data recorded on site, the study suggests that low‐pass filtering be carried out before applying the DWT method to decompose the signals into multiple levels of details. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical damping of structures with elastically supported visco‐elastic dampers
Authors: Lee Yujin , Takewaki Izuru , Uetani Koji , Inoue Kazuo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a new formulation for critical damping of structures with elastically supported visco‐elastic dampers.Owing to the great dependence of damper performance on the support stiffness, this model is inevitable for reliable modelling of structures with visco‐elastic dampers. It is shown that the governing equation of free vibration of this model is reduced to a third‐order differential equation and the conventional method for defining the critical damping for second‐order differential equations cannot be applied to the present model. It is demonstrated that the region of overdamped vibration is finite in contrast to that (semi‐infinite) for second‐order differential equations and multiple critical damping coefficients exist. However, it turns out that the smaller one is practically meaningful. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eating disorders in Italy: a historical review
Authors: Ruggiero Giovanni Maria , Prandin Marcello , Mantero Mario 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper reviews the history of medical knowledge of eating disorders in Italy. It starts with the first examples of the medical interpretation of starvation during the Middle and Renaissance Ages, continues with the seminal figure of Brugnoli in the late XIX century, describes the neurological interpretations of the 1930s, the return to psychiatry in the 1940s and 1950s, the rise to international prominence of Mara Selvini Palazzoli in the 1960s and 1970s and ends with a description of the present state of the art. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A re‐examination of the excess smoothness puzzle when consumers estimate the income process
Authors: Banerjee Anurag N. , Basu Parantap 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe excess smoothness puzzle is explored using a simple version of the permanent income hypothesis. The new feature is that consumers do not know the observed data‐generating process for income. Instead they estimate the income process every period using the past income data and update their income forecasts as new data arrive. Two scenarios are examined: first, where the income has a linear deterministic trend and second, where the income has a constant trend. There is a misspecification bias in the estimate of the marginal propensity to consume (MPC). This bias is of second‐order importance in the first scenario while it is of first‐order importance in the second. We conclude that the second scenario, which may be relevant for less developed countries, may offer a potential solution to the excess smoothness puzzle. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting output growth rates and median output growth rates: a hierarchical Bayesian approach
Authors: Tobias Justin L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper describes procedures for forecasting countries' output growth rates and medians of a set of output growth rates using Hierarchical Bayesian (HB) models. The purpose of this paper is to show how the γ‐shrinkage forecast of Zellner and Hong (1989) emerges from a hierarchical Bayesian model and to describe how the Gibbs sampler can be used to fit this model to yield possibly improved output growth rate and median output growth rate forecasts. The procedures described in this paper offer two primary methodological contributions to previous work on this topic: (1) the weights associated with widely‐used shrinkage forecasts are determined endogenously, and (2) the posterior predictive density of the future median output growth rate is obtained numerically from which optimal point and interval forecasts are calculated. Using IMF data, we find that the HB median output growth rate forecasts outperform forecasts obtained from variety of benchmark models. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An analysis of the relationship between electricity and natural‐gas futures prices
Authors: Emery Gary W. , Liu Qingfeng (Wilson) 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis article analyzes the relationship between electricity futures prices and natural‐gas futures prices. We find that the daily settlement prices of New York Mercantile Exchange's (NYMEX's) California–Oregon Border (COB) and Palo Verde (PV) electricity futures contracts are cointegrated with the prices of its natural‐gas futures contract. The coefficient of natural‐gas futures prices in our model of COB electricity futures prices is not significantly different from the coefficient of gas prices in our model of PV electricity although there are differences in the production of electricity in these two service areas. The coefficients in our model do reflect differences in the consumption of electricity in the COB and PV service areas, however. Our trading‐rule simulations indicate that the statistically significant mean reversion found in the relationship between electricity and natural‐gas futures prices also is economically significant in both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample tests. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 22:95–122, 2002
The Binomial Black–Scholes model and the Greeks
Authors: Chung San‐Lin , Shackleton Mark 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis article returns to the choice of method for calculating option hedge ratios discussed by Pelsser and Vorst (1994). Where they demonstrated that numerical differentiation of a binomial model compared poorly to their design of an extended tree, this study shows that the Binomial Black–Scholes method advocated by Broadie and Detemple (1996) does not suffer from the same problem; therefore, it is very effective in the calculation of the Greeks. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 22:143–153, 2002
Neuronal signals regulate neurotrophin expression in oligodendrocytes of the basal forebrain
Authors: Dai Xudong , Qu Peimei , Dreyfus Cheryl F. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that oligodendrocytes express trophic molecules, including neurotrophins. These molecules have been shown to influence nearby neurons. To determine whether neuronal signals may, in turn, affect oligodendrocyte‐derived trophins, we examined regulation of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3) mRNA expression in cultured oligodendrocytes of the basal forebrain. Neuronal signals had distinct effects on individual neurotrophins. KCl elicited increases in BDNF mRNA, but did not affect expression of NGF or NT‐3. The cholinergic agonist, carbachol, increased expression of NGF, but did not affect expression of BDNF or NT‐3. Glutamate elicited a decrease in BDNF, but did not affect expression of NGF or NT‐3. This glutamate effect is not due to toxicity, since the number of total cells was unchanged, while the number of mature myelin basic protein positive (MBP+) cells increased. Our observations suggest that individual neuronal signals distinctly influence the trophic function of oligodendrocytes. GLIA 34:234–239, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.