bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Case Definition for the Diagnosis of Acute Intussusception
Authors: Bines Julie E. , Ivanoff Bernard , Justice Frances , Mulholland Kim 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjective:Because of the reported association between intussusception and a rotavirus vaccine, future clinical trials of rotavirus vaccines will need to include intussusception surveillance in the evaluation of vaccine safety. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a clinical case definition for the diagnosis of acute intussusception.Methods:A clinical case definition for the diagnosis of acute intussusception was developed by analysis of an extensive literature review that defined the clinical presentation of intussusception in 70 developed and developing countries. The clinical case definition was then assessed for sensitivity and specificity using a retrospective chart review of hospital admissions. Sensitivity of the clinical case definition was assessed in children diagnosed with intussusception over a 6.5‐year period. Specificity was assessed in patients aged <2 years admitted with bowel obstruction and in patients aged <19 years presenting with symptoms that may occur in intussusception.Results:The clinical case definition accurately identified 185 of 191 assessable cases as “probable” intussusception and six cases as “possible” intussusception (sensitivity, 97%). No case of radiologic or surgically proven intussusception failed to be identified by the clinical case definition. The specificity of the definition in correctly identifying patients who did not have intussusception ranged from 87% to 91%.Conclusions:The clinical case definition for intussusception may assist in the prompt identification of patients with intussusception and may provide an important tool for the future trials of enteric vaccines.
Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Celiac Disease in Children: Recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition
Authors: Hill Ivor D. , Dirks Martha H. , Liptak Gregory S. , Colletti Richard B. , Fasano Alessio , Guandalini Stefano , Hoffenberg Edward J. , Horvath Karoly , Murray Joseph A. , Pivor Mitchell , Seidman Ernest G. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTCeliac disease is an immune‐mediated enteropathy caused by a permanent sensitivity to gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. It occurs in children and adolescents with gastrointestinal symptoms, dermatitis herpetiformis, dental enamel defects, osteoporosis, short stature, delayed puberty and persistent iron deficiency anemia and in asymptomatic individuals with type 1 diabetes, Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, Williams syndrome, selective immunoglobulin (Ig)A deficiency and first degree relatives of individuals with celiac disease. The Celiac Disease Guideline Committee of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition has formulated a clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric celiac disease based on an integration of a systematic review of the medical literature combined with expert opinion.The Committee examined the indications for testing, the value of serological tests, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing and histopathology and the treatment and monitoring of children with celiac disease. It is recommended that children and adolescents with symptoms of celiac disease or an increased risk for celiac disease have a blood test for antibody to tissue transglutaminase (TTG), that those with an elevated TTG be referred to a pediatric gastroenterologist for an intestinal biopsy and that those with the characteristics of celiac disease on intestinal histopathology be treated with a strict gluten‐free diet. This document represents the official recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition on the diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease in children and adolescents.
Carcinoid Tumor of the Appendix in Childhood: The Experience of Two Italian Institutions
Authors: Dall'Igna Patrizia , Ferrari Andrea , Luzzatto Claudia , Bisogno Gianni , Casanova Michela , Alaggio Rita , Terenziani Monica , Cecchetto Giovanni 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjectives:Although rare, carcinoid tumor of the appendix is the most common neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract in children and adolescents. It is usually an incidental finding after a laparotomy for appendectomy, with a frequency of 2 to 5 cases per 1000 appendectomies. The experience with 14 cases of carcinoid reported in the appendix is described.Methods and results:In six patients the tumor measured 1 cm or less; only in one patient did it measure 2 cm. In three patients the tumor measured between 1 and 2 cm and in four the size was not known. In five cases the lesion had invaded the mesoappendix and periappendiceal fat. All tumors were discovered by chance, and three patients underwent further surgery as a result of suspected involvement of the margins. All the patients were alive with no evidence of disease at 24 to 214 months from diagnosis.Conclusions:Traditionally, local invasiveness and size have been considered prognostic factors. In our experience, both patients with local invasiveness and the patient with a tumor larger than 2 cm had good outcomes. Ileocolectomy performed in the patient with a 2‐cm tumor and in another two patients with smaller tumors did not demonstrate residual disease. Although the need for right hemicolectomy still remains controversial for tumors measuring more than 2 cm, the approach may be nonaggressive in case of tumors invading the serosa and the periappendiceal fat. Nonaggressive treatment has been suggested by some authors in cases of tumors larger than 2 cm; however, larger series need to be evaluated.
Relationship of Hepatic Steatosis to Adipose Tissue Distribution in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Fishbein Mark H , Mogren Chris , Gleason Theodore , Stevens W Ross 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjective:Central adiposity, a component of insulin resistance syndrome, is a risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adults. To determine whether a similar relationship occurs in children, hepatic fat content and adipose tissue distribution were assessed in obese children at risk for NAFLD.Methods:We reviewed the charts of obese children undergoing evaluation for NAFLD because of hepatomegaly or elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) without obvious etiology. Hepatic fat fraction and adipose tissue distribution were obtained by rapid magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Hepatic fat content was determined by a modification of the Dixon method that involves fast gradient echo. Body fat distribution was assessed by using heavily T1‐weighted fast gradient echo technique on a single slice at the level of the umbilicus, and regions of interest were demarcated based upon pixel intensity threshold value including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue content (SAT).Results:Ten children underwent hepatic MRI only. Twenty‐nine children underwent hepatic and adipose tissue distribution MRI. There was a correlation between hepatic fat fraction and VAT (r = 0.37, P < 0.05) but not body mass index or SAT. Elevated serum ALT was associated with a higher hepatic fat fraction (P < 0.001) and VAT (P = 0.06).Conclusion:Visceral adiposity is a risk factor for pediatric NAFLD.
Visual Loss and Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in Children With Alagille Syndrome
Authors: Narula Priya , Gifford Joanne , Steggall Margaret A. , Lloyd Carla , Van Mourik Indra D. M. , Mckiernan Patrick J. , Willshaw Harry E. , Kelly Deirdre 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Alagille syndrome (AGS) is an autosomal dominant, multisystem disorder defined by developmental abnormalities of the liver, heart, eye and skeleton. Although visual problems are recognised, the severity of visual loss and its link with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has not been reported.Aim:To review the incidence of visual loss and IIH in children with AGS managed at a National Paediatric Liver Unit between 1989 and 2004.Subjects and Methods:Retrospective case note review of children who fulfilled criteria for diagnosis of AGS and had an ophthalmic examination by a paediatric ophthalmologist.Results:Fifty‐five children with AGS were evaluated. Of these, 41 children fulfilled diagnostic criteria and had a documented ophthalmic examination. Six children had undergone liver transplantation. Three children had a definite diagnosis of IIH, 2 of whom developed postliver transplant. All 3 were treated medically, but 1 child with IIH required lumboperitoneal shunting. All 3 children with definite IIH have normal vision after treatment. Another child with probable undiagnosed IIH has bilateral optic atrophy and is registered blind. Two children with AGS are registered partially sighted, one with rod cone dystrophy and the other with pigmentary retinopathy and right disc atrophy.Summary:Although visual abnormalities are well described in children with AGS, a minority of children have significant progressive visual loss. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension has been identified as a potentially treatable precipitating factor.Conclusions:We recommend annual fundoscopy in the follow‐up of children with AGS to facilitate early detection and appropriate management of IIH to prevent visual loss.
Liver Transplantation and Chemotherapy in Children With Unresectable Primary Hepatic Malignancies
Authors: Chen Li Ern , Shepherd Ross W. , Nadler Michelle L. , Chapman William C. , Kotru Anil , Lowell Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjectives:Total surgical excision and adjunctive chemotherapy are cornerstones of treatment of primary hepatic malignancies in children. Recent studies suggest that transplantation is a viable option for unresectable tumors, but there are questions concerning decision making regarding resectability and timing of transplantation in relation to chemotherapy. We developed a management algorithm based on our experience, with reference to recently published multicenter transplantation outcomes.Results:Nine patients underwent transplantation (median age, 38 months; 7 hepatoblastoma, 2 undifferentiated mesenchymal sarcoma). All were assessed unresectable at presentation. After chemotherapy, 7 remained unresectable and had primary transplantation, 1 developed chemotherapy‐related liver failure, necessitating emergent transplantation, and 1 was deemed resectable, requiring rescue transplantation after local recurrence. Using a timely living/cadaver donor graft acquisition strategy relative to chemotherapy, median waiting time from listing was 8 days. After transplantation, 3 of 9 had chemotherapy, with side effects dictating discontinuation in 2; 6 of 9 had no chemotherapy, with 2 developing distant metastases, 1 of whom died 12 months posttransplantation. Median follow‐up was 3.08 years. Overall survival was 89%.Conclusions:Primary transplantation can be highly successful in children with hepatic tumors. These outcomes compare favorably with multicenter studies, where waiting‐list deaths are reported and survival after rescue transplantation is poor. We encourage timely transplantation in the setting of questionably resectable tumors or evidence of chemotherapy resistance. The necessity of posttransplantation chemotherapy is questioned. Consultation with a transplantation program before chemotherapy should avoid inappropriate attempts at resection and allow appropriate planning of transplantation in relation to chemotherapy.
Safety and Tolerability of Esomeprazole in Children With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Gilger Mark A , Tolia Vasundhara , Vandenplas Yvan , Youssef Nader N , Traxler Barry , Illueca Marta 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjectives:To evaluate safety, tolerability, and symptom improvement with once‐daily esomeprazole in children with endoscopically proven gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Patients and Methods:In this 8‐week, multicenter, randomized, uncontrolled, double‐blind study, children ages 1 to 11 years were stratified by weight to receive esomeprazole 5 or 10 mg (children <20 kg) or 10 or 20 mg (children ≥20 kg) once daily. Safety and tolerability was assessed by evaluating adverse events (AEs; both treatment‐ and non–treatment‐related AEs) and changes from baseline in medical history, physical examinations, and clinical laboratory tests. Investigators scored symptom severity every 2 weeks using the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA). Patients' parents rated GERD symptoms of heartburn, acid regurgitation, and epigastric pain (none to severe, 0–3) at baseline (based on past 72 hours) and daily (from past 24 hours).Results:Of 109 patients randomized, 108 had safety data. AEs were experienced by 68.0% and 65.2% of children <20 kg receiving esomeprazole 5 and 10 mg, respectively, and 83.9% and 82.8% of children ≥20 kg receiving esomeprazole 10 and 20 mg, respectively, regardless of causality. Overall, only 9.3% of patients reported 13 treatment‐related AEs; the most common were diarrhea (2.8% [3/108]), headache (1.9% [2/108]), and somnolence (1.9% [2/108]). Vomiting, a serious AE in 2 patients, was not judged by the investigator to be related to treatment. At the final visit, PGA scores improved significantly from baseline (P < 0.001). Of 58 patients with moderate to severe baseline PGA symptom scores, 91.4% had lower scores by the final visit. GERD symptom scores were significantly improved from baseline to the final week of the study in all of the treatment groups (P < 0.01)Conclusions:In children ages 1 to 11 years with endoscopically proven GERD, esomeprazole (at daily doses of 5, 10, or 20 mg) was generally well tolerated. The frequency and severity of GERD‐related symptoms were significantly reduced during the active treatment period.
Probiotics and Prebiotics for Prevention of Food Allergy
Authors: Koletzko Sibylle 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTProbiotics are defined as “live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host”. Unfortunately, misuse of the term probiotic is very common. According to the regulation of the European food safety authority (EFSA) health claims on pre‐ and probiotics are not judged as favorable. Scientific societies should give guidance to the consumers and health care professionals on the use of probiotics and prebiotics for prevention and disease management. There is currently no positive recommendation from international scientific medical societies to use prebiotics or probiotics for treatment of food allergy or other allergic manifestations and for prevention of food allergy, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Discrepant recommendations exist for probiotics for prevention of eczema in high risk infants.
Ultrasmall polyvinylpyrrolidone‐modified iridium nanoparticles with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity for acute pancreatitis alleviation
Authors: Jin Wenzhang , Xie Xueting , Shen Shuqi , Zhou Xingjian , Wang Shunfu , Zhang Lijiang , Su Xiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAcute pancreatitis (AP) is a common and serious acute inflammatory disease with high severity rate and mortality. Inflammation and oxidative stress play an extremely important role in the development of AP disease. Polyvinylpyrrolidone‐modified iridium nanoparticles (IrNP‐PVP) have multienzyme mimetic activity, and the aim of this article is to discuss the therapeutic alleviative effects of the ultrasmall nanozymes IrNP‐PVP on AP through their antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects. IrNP‐PVP were proved to inhibit inflammation and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the cellular level. The synthetic IrNP‐PVP exhibit remarkable antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities in the prevention and treatment of AP mice by establishing murine AP model, which can reduce the oxidative stress and inflammatory response. The results of this article indicated that the ultrasmall nanozymes IrNP‐PVP effectively alleviate AP via scavenging ROS as well as suppressing inflammation both in vivo and in vitro, which might provide enormous promise for the AP management.
NDC1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis by targeting BCAP31 to activate PI3K/AKT signaling
Authors: Liu Ya‐ping , Guo Gang , Ren Mudan , Li Ya‐rui , Guo Dan , She Jun‐jun , He Shui‐xiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the world's worst malignancies. Nuclear division cycle 1 (NDC1) is an essential membrane‐integral nucleoporin, found in this study to be significantly increased in primary HCC. A multivariate analysis revealed that higher NDC1 expression was linked to worse outcome in HCC patients. Mouse xenograft tumors overexpressing NDC1 grew rapidly, and HCC cells overexpressing NDC1 showed enhanced proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro. In contrast, knocking down NDC1 had the opposite effects in vitro. Furthermore, co‐immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer analyses revealed that NDC1 activated PI3K/AKT signaling by interacting with BCAP31. In summary, NDC1 and BCAP31 cooperate to promote the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is essential for HCC carcinogenesis. This suggests that NDC1 is predictive of prognosis in HCC.
Identification of potent BRD4‐BD1 inhibitors using classical and steered molecular dynamics based free energy analysis
Authors: Gupta Ashish , Purohit Rituraj 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the present work a combination of traditional and steered molecular dynamics based techniques were employed to identify potential inhibitors against the human BRD4 protein (BRD4‐ BD1); an established drug target for multiple illnesses including various malignancies. Quinoline derivatives that were synthesized in‐house were tested for their potential as new BRD4‐BD1 inhibitors. Initially molecular docking experiments were performed to determine the binding poses of BRD4‐BD1 inhibitors. To learn more about the thermodynamics of inhibitor binding to the BRD4‐BD1 active site, the Molecular Mechanics Poisson‐Boltzmann Surface Area (MM‐PBSA) free energy calculations were conducted afterwards. The findings of the MM‐PBSA analysis were further reinforced by performing steered umbrella sampling simulations which revealed crucial details about the binding/unbinding process of the most potent quinoline derivatives at the BRD4‐BD1 active site. We report a novel quinoline derivative which can be developed into a fully functional BRD4‐BD1 inhibitor after experimental validation. The identified compound (4 g) shows better properties than the standard BRD4‐BD1 inhibitors considered in the study. The study also highlights the crucial role of Gln78, Phe79, Trp81, Pro82, Phe83, Gln84, Gln85, Val87, Leu92, Leu94, Tyr97, Met105, Cys136, Asn140, Ile146 and Met149 in inhibitor binding. The study provides a possible lead candidate and key amino acids involved in inhibitor recognition and binding at the active site of BRD4‐BD1 protein. The findings might be of significance to medicinal chemists involved in the development of potent BRD4‐BD1 inhibitors.
New constructions for disjoint partial difference families and external partial difference families
Authors: Huczynska Sophie , Johnson Laura 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently, new combinatorial structures called disjoint partial difference families (DPDFs) and external partial difference families (EPDFs) were introduced, which simultaneously generalize partial difference sets, disjoint difference families and external difference families, and have applications in information security. So far, all known construction methods have used cyclotomy in finite fields. We present the first noncyclotomic infinite families of DPDFs which are also EPDFs, in structures other than finite fields (in particular cyclic groups and nonabelian groups). As well as direct constructions, we present an approach to constructing DPDFs/EPDFs using relative difference sets (RDSs); as part of this, we demonstrate how the well‐known RDS result of Bose extends to a very natural construction for DPDFs and EPDFs.
The equivalence of psychodynamic therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for depressive disorders in adults: A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Smith Martin M. , Hewitt Paul L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMeta‐analyses on the relative efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy (PDT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depressive disorders are limited by heterogeneity in diagnostic samples and comparators and a lack of equivalence testing.ObjectiveWe addressed this through a meta‐analytic test of the equivalence of manualized PDT and CBT in treating adults with depressive disorders as determined by diagnostic interviews. Sensitivity analyses evaluated the impact of pretreatment differences, mixed diagnostic samples, author allegiance, study quality, year of publication and outliers on findings.MethodA comprehensive literature search across multiple databases using reliable screening methods identified nine randomized controlled trials directly comparing manualized PDT and CBT for diagnosed depressive disorders in adults. Following pre‐registration, we employed random effect models for our meta‐analyses and two one‐sided test procedures for equivalence testing.ResultsIndependent raters determined that all studies were of adequate quality. Immediately posttreatment, depressive symptoms were statistically equivalent across PDT and CBT (k = 9;g = −0.11, 90% confidence interval [90% CI]: −0.24 to 0.02,pequivalence = .048,pNHST = .212,I2 = 32.7). At follow‐up, the longest time point within a year, depressive symptoms were neither statistically equivalent nor statistically different (k = 6;g = −0.16, 90% CI: −0.31 to −0.02,pequivalence = .184,pNHST = .126,I2 = 0.00).ConclusionThe efficacy of manualized PDT is equal to manualized CBT immediately at posttreatment for depressive disorders in the adult general population. Nevertheless, insufficient data exists to reach a conclusion regarding equivalence at follow‐up.
Time to put aside the false dichotomy between personality disorders and psychotic symptoms
Authors: Leclerc Philippe , Gamache Dominick , Cailhol Lionel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnlike internalizing and externalizing symptoms, psychotic symptoms (e.g., hallucinations, delusions) are manifestations of personality disorders (PDs) that are more controversial and poorly understood. This leaves clinicians with very little guidance for clinical practice, especially for diagnosis. What is more, most reviews have focused strictly on the links between psychotic symptoms and the categorically defined borderline PD, which contrasts with the growing movement that emphasizes a dimensional perspective (especially in psychology). Thus, the objectives of this critical review will be to (a) expose typical cases where PDs and psychotic symptoms might cooccur; (b) assess the state of scientific knowledge surrounding PD and psychotic symptoms; and (c) provide clinicians and researchers with recommendations to keep the field moving forward. We conclude that researchers and clinicians should move past the false “PD or psychosis” dichotomy since they often cooccur, avoid (as far as possible) making psychotic symptoms an exclusion criterion in PD research to enhance ecological validity, and consider dimensional PD diagnosis as a potential unifying solution to the dilemma posed by this cooccurrence.