bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy of the Upper Miocene Deurne Sands (Diest Formation) of northern Belgium, southern North Sea Basin
Authors: Louwye Stephen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDiverse and well‐preserved palynomorph assemblages recovered from the Deurne Sands, a local member of the Upper Miocene Diest Formation near Antwerp, allow the recognition of dinoflagellate cyst biozones defined in the North Atlantic realm (East Coast, USA) and the North Sea region (Nieder Ochtenhausen well, northern Germany). Based on the dinoflagellate cyst assemblages and the calcareous microfossils, the deposition of the Deurne Sands took place at some time during middle to late Tortonian (Late Miocene). These sands can be correlated biostratigraphically with the Dessel Sands in the Campine area of northern Belgium. This correlation demonstrates the existence of two separate and contemporary depositional areas in northern Belgium during early Late Miocene times. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methodological limitations of economic evaluations of antenatal screening
Authors: Petrou Stavros 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA review of recent economic studies of antenatal screening reveals widespread violation of accepted economic evaluation methodology. In particular, the costs and benefits of antenatal screening are often misclassified and conflated, and the non‐resource effects of averted costs are often excluded from the evaluation process. The result is a widespread violation of the explicit and systematic approaches taken by economic analysts more generally, and conclusions that may be described as misleading. This letter calls for economic analysts to be consistent in their application of economic evaluation methodology to antenatal screening programmes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of thermal sensation based on simulation of temperature distribution in a vehicle cabin
Authors: Kataoka Takuya , Nakamura Yoshiaki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThermal comfort in an automobile is predicted with numerical simulation. The flow field and temperature distribution are solved with a grid system based on many small cubic elements which are generated automatically with cabin and passenger configuration. Simulation of temperature is combined with simulation of cooling cycle and calculation of heat transfer at the wall including solar radiation to treat transient and actual driving conditions of the vehicle. In order to evaluate thermal comfort, transitional effective temperature is calculated from simulated thermal conditions and physiologic values which are calculated by a simple model of a human thermal system. This system can well predict thermal sensation of passengers in a short period of time. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(3): 195–212, 2001
Experimental evaluation of electrode conversion efficiency of alkali metal thermal to electric converter
Authors: Tanaka Kotaro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe alkali metal thermal to electric converter (AMTEC) system which utilizes the sodium ion conductivity of a beta″‐alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) is expected to have high conversion efficiency above 30% including practical heat losses. However, the achieved experimental efficiencies have been around 15%. In this paper, current–voltage characteristics and heat and mass transfer processes on a single cell have been examined experimentally and thermal electrode conversion efficiency has been discussed. Measured electrode conversion efficiency without thermal losses showed that it was about 40% at a power density of 0.3 W/cm2. A theoretical analysis on the thermal losses has also been conducted and these losses are estimated to be 0.3 W/cm2 in a practical tube type cell, so that an actual cell system efficiency of 30% is expected. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(3): 234–244, 2001
Improving extreme hydrologic events forecasting using a new criterion for artificial neural network selection
Authors: Coulibaly Paulin , Bobée Bernard , Anctil François 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe issue of selecting appropriate model input parameters is addressed using a peak and low flow criterion (PLC). The optimal artificial neural network (ANN) models selected using the PLC significantly outperform those identified with the classical root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) or the conventional Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (NSC) statistics. The comparative forecast results indicate that the PLC can help to design an appropriate ANN model to improve extreme hydrologic events (peak and low flow) forecast accuracy. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of prolonged hydroxytamoxifen treatment of MCF‐7 cells on mitogen activated kinase cascade
Authors: Rabenoelina Fanjaniriana , Semlali Abdelhabib , Duchesne Marie‐Josèphe , Freiss Gilles , Pons Michel , Badia Eric 
Published: August 2002

AbstractResistance to the antiestrogen tamoxifen is the main stumbling block for the success of breast cancer therapy. We focused our study on cellular alterations induced by a prolonged treatment with the active tamoxifen metabolite hydroxytamoxifen (OHT). We show that a prolonged OHT treatment (for up to 7 days) led to a progressive increase in the level of phosphorylated p44/42 mitogen activated kinase (MAP kinase) induced by 10−7 M TPA stimulation, without any significant change in the protein level. This effect was also observed in MCF‐7 cells grown first in medium containing dextran‐coated charcoal‐treated FCS (DCC medium) for 20 days prior to OHT treatment, indicating a specific effect of the antiestrogen and not an effect of estrogen deprivation. It was prevented by cotreatment with estradiol and not observed in the estrogen receptor negative HeLa cell line, suggesting that it was mediated by the estrogen receptor. TPA induced phosphorylation of MEK1/2 was also raised by OHT treatment, without any change in their protein level or Raf‐1 and H‐Ras levels. When the MCF‐7R OHT resistant cell line was grown in antiestrogen containing medium, the level of phosphorylated p44/42 MAP kinase was also high but reversed when the antiestrogen was removed. The 2 other MAP kinase, JNK and P38 pathways were not affected in the same way by OHT treatment. In conclusion, our data reveal that a prolonged OHT treatment, by increasing p44/42 MAPK activity, affects a key step in the growth control of MCF‐7 cells, although not sufficiently to overcome the growth inhibitory effect of the drug. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local photodynamic therapy (PDT) of rat C6 glioma xenografts with Pd‐bacteriopheophorbide leads to decreased metastases and increase of animal cure compared with surgery
Authors: Schreiber Smadar , Gross Shimon , Brandis Alex , Harmelin Alon , Rosenbach‐Belkin Varda , Scherz Avigdor , Salomon Yoram 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT), locally applied to solid C6 rat glioma tumors in the foot of CD1 nude mice, eradicated the primary tumor and also decreased the rate of groin and lung metastases. Pd‐Bacteriopheophorbide (Pd‐Bpheid), a novel photosensitizer synthesized in our laboratory, was used in our study. The primary lesion in the hind leg was treated by an i.v. injection of 5 mg/kg of Pd‐Bpheid and immediate illumination (650–800 nm, 360 J/cm2). This protocol and the surgical amputation of the leg were compared for local and metastasis responses. Following PDT, hemorrhage, inflammation with tumor necrosis and flattening were observed and histologically verified in the photodynamically treated tumor. Whereas local tumor control rates were up to 64% following PDT, in surgically treated animals, local tumor control was absolute. The rates of metastases in the groin and the lungs were at least 12‐fold lower in the photodynamically treated animals compared with untreated or surgery‐treated groups. The overall cure rates after PDT or surgery were 36% and 6%, respectively, at 8 weeks. These findings suggest that local PDT with Pd‐Bpheid, which acts primarily on the tumor vasculature, efficiently eradicates the solid C6 tumors. In addition, the local PDT of the primary lesion has beneficial therapeutic effects on remote C6 metastasis, which is not obtained with surgery. It is therefore suggested, that although surgery is highly efficient for the immediate removal of the primary tumor, it lacks such systemic, therapeutic effects on distant metastases. Pd‐Bpheid‐PDT may thus offer a potentially superior curative therapy for C6 glioma tumors in the limb by eradicating the target tumor and by reducing the rate of metastasis in the groin and lung, possibly due to innate immunity. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anticachectic effects of the natural herb Coptidis rhizoma and berberine on mice bearing colon 26/clone 20 adenocarcinoma
Authors: Iizuka Norio , Hazama Shoichi , Yoshimura Kiyoshi , Yoshino Shigefumi , Tangoku Akira , Miyamoto Koji , Okita Kiwamu , Oka Masaaki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe previously showed that the natural herb Coptidis rhizoma has an anticachectic effect in nude mice bearing human esophageal cancer cells. We further investigated this phenomenon by examining the anticachectic effect of C. rhizoma in syngeneic mice bearing colon 26/clone 20 carcinoma cells, which cause IL‐6–related cachexia after cell injection. We evaluated nutritional parameters such as serum glucose level and wasting of adipose tissue and muscle in tumor‐bearing and non‐tumor‐bearing mice treated with C. rhizoma (CR) supplement or a normal diet. IL‐6 levels in those mice were quantified by ELISA and real‐time RT‐PCR. CR supplementation significantly attenuated weight loss in tumor‐bearing mice without changing food intake or tumor growth. Furthermore, these mice maintained good nutritional status. IL‐6 mRNA levels in tumors and spleens and IL‐6 protein levels in tumors and sera were significantly lower in tumor‐bearing mice treated with CR supplement than in those treated with a normal diet. CR supplementation did not affect food intake, body weight, nutritional parameters and IL‐6 levels in non‐tumor‐bearing mice. An in vitro study showed that C. rhizoma and its major component, berberine, inhibited IL‐1–induced IL‐6 mRNA expression in a dose‐dependent manner in colon 26/clone 20 cells. Our results showed that C. rhizoma exerts an anticachectic effect on colon 26/clone 20–transplanted mice and that its effect is associated with tumor IL‐6 production. We also suggest that its effect might be due to berberine. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of cyclin D1 and D2 promoters by human T‐cell leukemia virus type I tax protein is associated with IL‐2–independent growth of T cells
Authors: Mori Naoki , Fujii Masahiro , Hinz Michael , Nakayama Katsushi , Yamada Yasuaki , Ikeda Shuichi , Yamasaki Yoshihiro , Kashanchi Fatah , Tanaka Yuetsu , Tomonaga Masao , Yamamoto Naoki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOur aim was to examine the involvement of G1 cell‐cycle regulators in cell growth dysregulation induced by HTLV‐I. Compared to uninfected cells, higher expression levels of cyclin D1 and D2 mRNA were detected in HTLV‐I–infected T‐cell lines, which were at least in part mediated by the viral transforming protein Tax since Tax activated both cyclin D1 and D2 promoters in the human T‐cell line Jurkat. A Tax mutant that did not activate NF‐κB failed to activate cyclin D1 and D2 promoters. Inhibitors of NF‐κB (dominant negative IκBs mutants) suppressed Tax‐dependent activation of cyclin D1 and D2 promoters, indicating that Tax‐induced activation was mediated by NF‐κB. Wild‐type and mutant Tax capable of activating NF‐κB, but not Tax mutant incapable of activating NF‐κB, converted cell growth of a T‐cell line from being IL‐2–dependent to being IL‐2–independent; and this conversion was associated with IL‐2–independent induction of cyclins D1 and D2. Our data suggest that induction of cyclins D1 and D2 by Tax is involved in IL‐2–independent cell‐cycle progression as well as IL‐2–independent transformation of primary human T cells by HTLV‐I. High expression levels of cyclin D1 and D2 mRNAs were also detected in some patients with ATL. Our findings link HTLV‐I infection to changes in cellular D‐type cyclin gene expression, transformation of T cells and subsequent development of T‐cell leukemia. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and modification by environmental factors of stomach cancer risk in Chinese
Authors: Takezaki Toshiro , Gao Chang‐ming , Wu Jian‐zhong , Li Zhong‐you , Wang Jian‐dong , Ding Jian‐hua , Liu Yan‐ting , Hu Xu , Xu Tian‐liang , Tajima Kazuo , Sugimura Haruhiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOxidative stress is involved in many types of DNA damage, e.g., resulting in 8‐hydroxyguanine adducts. Since a human counterpart exists for the yeast gene OGG1 (hOGG1) encoding an enzyme that repairs 8‐hydroxyguanine, its polymorphism, Ser326Cys, might have potential as a genetic marker for cancer susceptibility. To investigate its association with stomach cancer risk and possible interactions with environmental factors, we conducted a case‐control study of 101 stomach cancer cases and 198 controls using PCR‐single‐strand conformation polymorphism and a questionnaire approach. The proportional distribution of the Cys/Cys alleles did not differ between stomach cancer cases and controls, but subgroup analyses revealed that a frequent drinking habit elevated the odds ratio (OR) for stomach cancer in Cys/Cys compared to Ser/Ser and Ser/Cys carriers. The ORs with frequent consumption of pickled vegetables and meat tended to be higher in Cys/Cys than in Ser/Ser and Ser/Cys carriers, these interactions being on the borderline of statistical significance. Our findings suggest that the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism may alter the impact of some environmental factors on stomach cancer development. For confirmation, an additional study with a larger number of subjects is now required. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
European Union electoral rights and the political participation of migrants in host polities
Authors: Day Stephen , Shaw Jo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn 1993 the introduction of the legal framework of European Union citizenship through the Treaty of Maastricht heralded the institution of a range of limited electoral rights for EU citizens resident in other Member States. The origins of these rights lie in impulses towards the democratisation of the EU and its institutions, as well as in the search to enhance the legitimacy of the Union through the development of a concept of citizenship. This paper investigates further the implications of treating this group of EU law rights as a species of migrants' rights, and questions how far they introduce a principle of alien suffrage positing that host politiesoughtwherever possible to afford political participation rights to (long‐term) resident non‐nationals, in the interests of promoting democracy and human rights. It questions the consistency and normative effects of these rights, which specifically exclude from participation third‐country nationals, who cannot enjoy Union citizenship rights since they lack the nationality of a Member State. The paper concludes by suggesting changes to the framework of EU electoral rights which might be considered in the context of the ongoing process of constitutional and governance reform in the EU. Copyright ­© 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel current‐conducting composite substrates for exposing osteoblasts to alternating current stimulation
Authors: Supronowicz P. R. , Ajayan P. M. , Ullmann K. R. , Arulanandam B. P. , Metzger D. W. , Bizios R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe present study demonstrates that novel nanocomposites consisting of blends of polylactic acid and carbon nanotubes effectively can be used to expose cells to electrical stimulation. When osteoblasts cultured on the surfaces of these nanocomposites were exposed to electric stimulation (10 μA at 10 Hz) for 6 h/day for various periods of time, there was a 46% increase in cell proliferation after 2 days, a 307% increase in the concentration of extracellular calcium after 21 consecutive days, and upregulation of mRNA expression for collagen type‐I after both 1 and 21 consecutive days. These results provide evidence that electrical stimulation delivered through novel, current‐conducting polymer/nanophase composites promotes osteoblast functions that are responsible for the chemical composition of the organic and inorganic phases of bone. Furthermore, this evidence elucidates aspects of the cellular/molecular‐level mechanisms involved in new bone formation under electrical stimulation. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 499–506, 2002
Enron's Lesson: Rebuild Internal Auditing Now!
Authors: Smith Gordon 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Enron debacle proves that outsourcing the internal audit department is a bad idea. Now is the time to get
rid of the outsourcers and strengthen your own internal auditing. The author gives some valuable tips on making it
stronger, smarter, and flexible. © Canaudit Inc.: The Canaudit Perspective, February
2002
Information Technology Is Out—Knowledge Sharing Is In
Authors: Douglas Priscilla H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractKnowledge in action drives business success. Real value—as measured by growth, market share, and customer
loyalty—results only when organizations can learn from and apply information. Successful enterprises will
adopt a business strategy that fully exploits the potential of knowledge sharing to achieve a sustainable market
advantage. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PKC‐MEK‐MAPK‐dependent signal transduction pathway mediates the stimulation of lysyl oxidase expression by serum and PDGF in rat aortic smooth muscle cells
Authors: Smith‐Mungo Lynda , Kagan Herbert M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLysyl oxidase (LO) plays a critical role in the stabilization and insolubilization of fibrous structural proteins of the extracellular matrix and has been implicated in the suppression of Ras‐induced tumorigenesis. Several prior reports demonstrate that the expression of this catalyst is strongly influenced by a variety of effectors of cell function and is responsive to the growth state of fibrogenic cells. Using specific inhibitors of components of signal transduction pathways, the present study reveals that a PKC‐MEK‐MAPK‐dependent pathway is critical to the enhanced expression of the LO gene in response to variations in the levels of the serum component of the growth medium and in response to platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF). PDGF is shown to be the major component of fetal bovine serum, which stimulates the activity of a LO promoter construct. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 775–784, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in the expression of annexin A5 gene during in vitro chondrocyte differentiation: Influence of cell attachment
Authors: Turnay Javier , Olmo Nieves , Lizarbe M. Antonia , Mark Klaus von der 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence indicate that annexin A5, a membrane‐associated protein with calcium‐channel activity, plays a key role in cartilage calcification during endochondral ossification. As a major constituent of cartilage matrix vesicles, which are released from microvilli of hypertrophic chondrocytes, it is involved in calcium uptake necessary for the initial stages of cartilage calcification. Little is known, however, concerning transcriptional regulation of the annexin A5 gene during chondrocyte differentiation. Here, we report on changes in annexin A5 expression by measuring mRNA and protein levels during in vitro differentiation of chick sternal chondrocytes to the hypertrophic phenotype. Terminal differentiation of mature sternal chondrocytes was achieved in the presence of sodium ascorbate in high‐density cultures growing either in monolayer or over agarose as cell aggregates. Differentiation of chondrocytes to hypertrophic cells was followed by morphological analysis and by the onset of type X collagen expression. High expression levels of annexin A5 mRNA were detected in chondrocytes freshly isolated from the sterna by enzymatic digestion and subsequently in cells growing in monolayer, but annexin A5 gene transcription was rapidly downregulated when cells were grown in suspension as aggregates over agarose. However, protein levels did not decrease probably due to its low turnover rate. In suspension culture, annexin A5 mRNA reappeared after 3 weeks concomitantly with segregation of the aggregates into single cells and onset of chondrocyte hypertrophy. The downregulation of annexin A5 expression in cells growing as matrix‐rich aggregates was reverted when extracellular matrix components were removed and cells were reseeded onto tissue culture plastic, suggesting that cell spreading, formation of focal contacts and stress fibers stimulated annexin A5 expression in proliferating as well as in hypertrophic chondrocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 132–142, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of signal transduction pathways and promoter sequences that mediate parathyroid hormone 1–38 inhibition of osteoprotegerin gene expression
Authors: Halladay David L. , Miles Rebecca R. , Thirunavukkarasu Kannan , Chandrasekhar Srinivasan , Martin T. J. , Onyia Jude E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOsteoprotegerin (OPG), a secreted member of the tumor necrosis receptor superfamily, is a potent inhibitor of osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), a potent inducer of osteoclast formation, suppresses OPG mRNA expression in vitro and in vivo. To determine the molecular basis of this inhibition, we analyzed the effects of PTH on the human OPG promoter (−5917 to +19) fused with β‐galactosidase reporter gene in stable and transient transfections into rat osteoblast‐like UMR106 cells. The effect of PTH on OPG promoter expression was biphasic and concentration‐dependent. PTH (1–100 nM) induced the transcriptional activity of the OPG promoter (1.7‐fold) at 8 h followed by a gradual decrease with maximal inhibition (6.6‐fold) at 24–48 h. To ascertain the signal transduction pathways mediating PTH (1–38) effects on OPG gene expression, we compared the effects of PTH with PTH analogs, parathyroid hormone‐related protein 1–34 (PTHrP 1–34), forskolin, 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine (IBMX), dibutyryl cAMP, phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA), thapsigargin and calcium ionophore A23187. PTH 1–31 and PTHrP 1–34, which stimulate the cAMP/PKA pathway, and other activators of cAMP/PKA, forskolin, IBMX, N6, O2′‐dibityryl adenosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate (dibutyryl cAMP), all elicited a similar biphasic response on OPG promoter expression. PTH analogs PTH 3–34 and PTH 7–34, that do not stimulate cAMP production, had no effect on OPG expression. In contrast, phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA), an activator of PKC, stimulated OPG promoter expression, while thapsigargin and calcium ionophore A23187, which increase intracellular Ca2+, showed a dose‐dependent inhibition of OPG promoter expression. To delineate the promoter sequences that mediate the inhibitory effects of PTH on OPG transcription, we analyzed systematic deletions of the OPG promoter for responsiveness in transient transfection assays. The major inhibitory effects of PTH were localized to 391 bp (−372 to +19) of the proximal promoter. Deletions of the promoter region led to a complete loss of responsiveness. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the inhibitory effects of PTH on OPG are mediated at the transcriptional level through cis elements in the proximal promoter. The similar biphasic response of OPG to PTH, PTH 1–31, PTHrP 1–34, forskolin, IBMX and dibutyryl cAMP suggests that PTH regulates OPG transcription via activation of the cAMP/PKA signal transduction pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 1–11, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.