bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degenerative mucinotic mural folliculitis in cats
Authors: Gross Thelma Lee , Olivry Thierry , Vitale Carlo B. , Power Helen T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA novel form of mural folliculitis is described in seven cats. Clinically, all cats exhibited generalized alopecia with scaling or crusting that was more pronounced over the head, neck, and shoulders. The face and muzzle of all cats was unusually thickened. Six of seven cats were progressively lethargic but did not demonstrate any other consistent systemic abnormalities. Histologically, there was severe mixed inflammation of the wall of the follicular isthmus in all cats, accompanied by some follicular destruction in five cats. Sebaceous glands were not affected. All cats had variable, but often striking, follicular mucin deposition, as well as epidermal hyperkeratosis and crusting. The cause of the severe mural folliculitis was not identified, and all cats responded poorly to immunomodulating therapy. Follicular mucinosis may be a nonspecific finding, likely reflective of the follicular lymphocytic milieu, and does not always herald follicular lymphoma.
Evaluation of the palate dimensions of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis
Authors: De Freitas F. C. N. , Bastos E. P. , Primo L. S. G. , De Freitas V. L. N. 
Published: March 2003

Summary.Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare the transverse and vertical palate dimensions of two groups of children, one diagnosed as having perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) and the other without any respiratory pathology.Design. Case‐control study.Setting. Institute of Paediatrics and Child Care of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.Sample and Methods. The sample consisted of 101 children with the diagnoses of PAR (mean age 6·5) and 91 without any respiratory pathology (mean age 7·3). From 192 patients, 65% was in mixed dentition phase and 35% in primary dentition. Each subject underwent an intra‐oral clinical examination using three‐dimensional Korkhaus compass to measure the intermolar distance, intercanine distance and palate depth.Results. The allergic group showed greater averages of palate depth (P = 0·00), both in the primary dentition phase (11·53 mm × 10 mm) and in the mixed dentition (11·96 mm × 10·21 mm). There was no statistically significant difference for intermolar and intercanine distances, either in primary or mixed dentition (P > 0·05).Conclusion. The transverse dimension of the palate did not vary significantly between the groups, which seems to confirm that the main influence of alteration of the breathing pattern from nasal to mouth occurs on the vertical plane.
A movable gestational sac in association with a myometrial defect
Authors: Uemura H. , Unno N. , Osuga Y. , Momoeda M. , Ando K. , Marumo G. , Kikuchi A. , Fujii T. , Kozuma S. , Matsuoka R. , Taketani Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn ultrasound examination in a woman at 9 weeks' gestation demonstrated a gestational sac with a live fetus in the left uterine horn which was surrounded by an extremely thin outer lining. An interstitial pregnancy was suspected and laparoscopy was performed. During laparoscopy the purple bulge in the left horn gradually reduced in size and eventually disappeared following the external pressure by the tip of the forceps. We believe this pressure caused contraction of the superficial myometrial fibers resulting in a shift in the location of the gestational sac to the central area of the uterus. The pregnancy continued and on Cesarean section at 34 weeks' gestation, a membranous protrusion of the uterine wall in the left horn was noticed. A myometrial defect caused by an intrauterine intervention in the patient's previous pregnancy was suspected to be the cause of this ‘movable gestational sac’ phenomenon.Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Ultrasound diagnosis of postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis: case report
Authors: Lee E.‐H. , Im C. Y. , Kim J. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPostpartum ultrasound investigation of a woman with unremitting fever and right flank pain after Cesarean section revealed an extensive thrombosis of the right ovarian vein which extended into the inferior vena cava. Computed tomography was required to substantiate the diagnosis. Medical treatment with intravenous urokinase and heparin and antibiotics was successfully performed. During the postpartum period, the possibility of ovarian vein thrombosis should be considered in febrile patients with abdominal pain who are not responding to antibiotics, and imaging studies such as ultrasound and computed tomography should be performed early for prompt diagnosis and therapy. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The importance of quality management in fetal measurement
Authors: Dudley N. J. , Chapman E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of this study were to evaluate factors contributing to inaccuracy in fetal measurements and to assess the clinical importance of measurement quality.MethodsOne hundred images of biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC) and abdominal circumference (AC) measurements were collected from six centers (1800 measurements); the proportion meeting quality criteria was assessed. Four hundred images of AC were collected from one center, each image measured by ellipse fitting and tracing methods; clinical agreement between the methods was assessed. Fetal weight estimation (EFW) errors were compared between quality controlled and non‐quality controlled studies. Images of three ACs on each of 400 fetuses were collected; where one measurement failed to meet quality criteria, it was compared with an optimal measurement on the same fetus.ResultsEighty‐nine percent, 87% and 60% of BPD, HC and AC, respectively, met all quality criteria. Limits of agreement between ellipse and traced AC were –4.7 mm to 12.5 mm; 22% of sections were non‐elliptical. EFW errors were significantly different but were confounded by differences in time to delivery. Limits of agreement between optimal and suboptimal AC measurements were –15.1 mm to 7.7 mm.ConclusionsAC quality criteria are less easily recognized and obtained than those for head measurements; training, adherence to protocols and audit are important. Differences between ellipse and traced AC may not justify the use of separate charts; the number of non‐elliptical sections suggests that ellipse fitting is not appropriate. Comparison between EFW errors is not a suitable tool for audit. Failure to meet quality criteria results in clinically significant errors. Copyright © 2002 ISUOG
Preinduction sonographic measurement of cervical length in the prediction of successful induction of labor
Authors: Pandis G. K. , Papageorghiou A. T. , Ramanathan V. G. , Thompson M. O. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundInduction of labor is carried out in approximately 20% of pregnancies. However, approximately 20% of women having induction of labor end up having a Cesarean delivery. The traditional method of predicting whether an induced labor will result in successful vaginal delivery is based on the preinduction ‘favorability’ of the cervix as assessed by the Bishop score. However, this assessment is subjective and several studies have shown a poor predictive value for the outcome of induction.ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between preinduction sonographically measured cervical length and the Bishop score and to compare the two measurements in the prediction of successful vaginal delivery within 24 h of induction.MethodsIn this multicenter study, preinduction cervical assessment was undertaken in 240 women with singleton pregnancies at 37–42 weeks of gestation. The Bishop score was assessed by digital examination and the cervical length was measured by transvaginal sonography.ResultsMultiple regression analysis demonstrated that cervical length, Bishop score and parity provided independent contribution in the prediction of the likelihood of delivering vaginally within 24 h. Further examination of the different components of the Bishop score showed that only cervical length provided a significant contribution in the prediction of the likelihood of vaginal delivery within 24 h. In the receiver operating characteristic curves, the best cut‐off point for the prediction of successful induction was 28 mm for cervical length and 3 for the Bishop score. However, cervical length appears to be a better predictor than the Bishop score, with a sensitivity of 0.87 and a specificity of 0.71 compared to 0.58 and 0.77, respectively. Similarly, the Kaplan–Meier survival curves indicate that better discriminatory results in the prediction of vaginal delivery within 24 h are achieved using cervical length rather than the Bishop score.ConclusionTransvaginal sonographic measurement of cervical length provides a useful prediction of the likelihood of vaginal delivery within 24 h of induction.Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Randomized study of vaginal misoprostol (PGE1) and dinoprostone gel (PGE2) for induction of labor at term
Authors: Pandis G. K. , Papageorghiou A. T. , Otigbah C. M. , Howard R. J. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy and safety of misoprostol in the induction of labor at term by comparing this agent with the commonly used dinoprostone gel.Patients and methodsA randomized clinical trial of vaginal misoprostol, 50 µg 6‐hourly, and dinoprostone gel, 1–2 mg 6‐hourly, in 435 women undergoing induction of labor at term. The women, 210 in the misoprostol group and 225 in the dinoprostone group, were compared to determine whether there was a significant difference in achieving vaginal delivery within 24 h, the incidence of hyperstimulation syndrome, Cesarean section rate and adverse neonatal outcome. They were also offered the option of preinduction sonographic cervical assessment.ResultsMisoprostol, compared to dinoprostone gel, was associated with a significantly shorter median induction‐to‐delivery interval (14.6 h vs. 19.0 h; P = 0.0014), a higher incidence of vaginal delivery within 24 h of induction (65.7% vs. 54.2%; P = 0.019) and a reduced need for oxytocin augmentation during labor (20.5% vs. 29.8%; P = 0.034). The groups did not differ significantly in the rates of Cesarean section (18.1% vs. 19.1%; P = 0.88) and hyperstimulation syndrome (2.4% vs. 0.9%; P = 0.27). None of the cases of hyperstimulation required treatment with tocolysis. All nine cases of excessive uterine contractility occurred after the first dose of the drug. There were no significant differences in maternal and neonatal morbidity between the two groups. There was a significant association between preinduction cervical length and the induction‐to‐delivery interval in both those receiving misoprostol and those treated with dinoprostone.ConclusionsThe use of misoprostol is associated with a shorter duration of labor and a higher rate of vaginal delivery within 24 h from induction without an increase in maternal and neonatal morbidity. Transvaginal sonographic measurement of cervical length is useful in the prediction of the likelihood of vaginal delivery within 24 h of induction and of the induction‐to‐delivery interval and may be useful in the stratification of patients participating in randomized studies that examine the effectiveness of inducing agents.Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of sacrococcygeal teratomas by two‐ and three‐dimensional ultrasound
Authors: Bonilia‐Musoles F. , Machado L. E. , Raga F. , Osborne N. G. , Bonilla F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe suspected two fetuses of having sacrococcygeal teratomas following initial two‐dimensional ultrasound scanning at 18 and 22 weeks' gestation. The fetuses were then scanned with three‐dimensional multiplanar surface and three‐dimensional orthogonal planar ultrasound to establish a definitive diagnosis. Although we made a presumptive diagnosis in both cases after initial two‐dimensional scanning, with three‐dimensional ultrasound we were better able to define the degree of involvement of the sacrum and other pelvic structures of prognostic importance. Copyright © 2002 ISUOG
The fetal mandible: a 2D and 3D sonographic approach to the diagnosis of retrognathia and micrognathia
Authors: Rotten D. , Levaillant J. M. , Martinez H. , Le pointe H. Ducoule , Vicaut É. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo define parameters that enable the objective diagnosis of anomalies of the position and/or size of the fetal mandible in utero.DesignFetuses at 18–28 gestational weeks were examined by two‐ and three‐dimensional ultrasound. The study included normal fetuses and fetuses with syndromes associated with known mandible pathology: Pierre Robin sequence or complex (n = 8); hemifacial microsomia (Treacher–Collins syndrome, n = 3); postaxial acrofacial dysostosis (n = 1). Fetuses with Down syndrome (n = 8) and cleft lip and palate without Pierre Robin sequence or complex (n = 18) were also studied. Retrognathia was assessed through the measurement of the inferior facial angle, defined on a mid‐sagittal view, by the crossing of: 1) the line orthogonal to the vertical part of the forehead at the level of the synostosis of the nasal bones (reference line); 2) the line joining the tip of the mentum and the anterior border of the more protruding lip (profile line). Micrognathia was assessed through the calculation of the mandible width/maxilla width ratio on axial views obtained at the alveolar level. Mandible and maxilla widths were measured 10 mm posteriorly to the anterior osteous border.ResultsIn normal fetuses, the inferior facial angle was constant over the time span studied. The mean (standard deviation) value of the inferior facial angle was 65.5 (8.13)°. Consequently, an inferior facial angle value below 49.2° (mean—2 standard deviations) defined retrognathism. All the fetuses with syndromes associated with mandible pathology had inferior facial angle values below the cut‐off value. Using 49.2° or the rounded‐up value of 50° as a cut‐off point, the inferior facial angle had a sensitivity of 1.0, a specificity of 0.989, a positive predictive value of 0.750 and a negative predictive value of 1.0 to predict retrognathia. In normal fetuses, the mandible width/maxilla width ratio was constant over the time interval studied. The mean (standard deviation) value was 1.017 (0.116). Consequently, a mandible width/maxilla width ratio <0.785 defined micrognathism. Mandible width/maxilla width ratio values were below this cut‐off point in eight and in the normal range in four fetuses with syndromes associated with mandible pathology.ConclusionsRetrognathia and micrognathia are conditions that can be separately assessed. The use of inferior facial angle and mandible width/maxilla width ratio should help sonographic recognition and characterization of fetal retrognathic and micrognathic mandibles in utero. Copyright © 2002 ISUOG
Islands on the plains: metapopulation dynamics and female biased dispersal in hyraxes (Hyracoidea) in the Serengeti National Park
Authors: Gerlach G. , Hoeck H. N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwo species of hyrax,Heterohyrax bruceiandProcavia johnstoni,inhabit rock outcrops, or kopjes, in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Such distinct ‘island’ habitats provide an excellent model to investigate natural metapopulation dynamics with distinct small populations with extinction and colonization events, as well as migration between populations. Allele frequencies, genetic variability and genetic distances between populations were calculated based on DNA microsatellite markers. The genetic diversity in both species of hyrax, especiallyP. johnstoni, was surprisingly low: allelic diversity ranged from 2 to 7 alleles per locus. This may have been induced by colonization by a small number of individuals from single source populations.F‐statistics, assignment tests and calculations of pairwise relatedness all indicated female‐biased dispersal inH. bruceibut notP. johnstoni. Values ofFISinP. johnstonishowed an excess of homozygotes indicative of high rates of inbreeding; evidence for inbreeding could not be detected inH. brucei. Although female dispersal patterns inH. bruceiseem to prevent inbreeding and consequently reduce risk of local extinction, this seems not to be the case inP. johnstoni.
Population structure, history and gene flow in a group of closely related land snails: genetic variation in Partula from the Society Islands of the Pacific
Authors: Goodacre Sara L 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPrevious studies of Partula land snails from the Society Islands, French Polynesia, have shown that populations within species are highly differentiated in terms of their morphology, behaviour, ecology and molecular genetic variation. Despite this level of variability, differences between species are sometimes small, possibly reflecting the fact that reproductive isolation is not always complete and there exists the opportunity for genetic exchange between taxa through hybridization. The present study uses sequence data from a mitochondrial gene to further investigate genetic variation in Society Island Partula. Most populations are found in this study to be highly differentiated, but within individual species there seems to be no simple relationship either between genetic distance and geographical proximity, or between variation in mitochondria and that in allozymes or morphological characteristics. Among species there appears to be no simple correlation between degrees of reproductive isolation and genetic relatedness according to mitochondrial DNA. The results suggest that past events as well as ongoing drift and selection may have been important in affecting patterns of variation. Similarities among species at specific localities suggest that there must have been some genetic exchange in the past, although this may not necessarily reflect ongoing rates of hybridization. The discrepancy between results for different markers probably reflects the differential effects of drift and selection on mitochondrial and nuclear genes.
The usefulness of amplified fragment length polymorphism markers for taxon discrimination across graduated fine evolutionary levels in CaribbeanAnolislizards
Authors: Ogden R. , Thorpe R. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFine‐level taxon discrimination is important in biodiversity assessment and ecogeographical research. Genomic markers are often required for studies on closely related taxa, however, most existing mitochondrial and nuclear markers require prior knowledge of the genome and are impractical for use in small conservation projects. This study describes the application of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) to discriminate at four progressively finer evolutionary levels of CaribbeanAnolislizards from the central Lesser Antilles. AFLP is shown to be a rapid and effective method for discriminating between species. Separation increases with primer pair number and choice of primer combination appears to be noncritical. Initial population‐level results show markedly less discriminatory power. A screening technique for the identification of population informative markers combining principal component and principal coordinate analyses is presented and assessed. Subsequent results show selected conspecific AFLP data to be remarkably congruent with those of mitochondrial DNA, microsatellite and morphological markers. The use of AFLP as a low‐cost nuclear marker in species‐level taxon discrimination is supported, whereas population level application demands further consideration.
Fine‐level mycorrhizal specificity in the Monotropoideae (Ericaceae): specificity for fungal species groups
Authors: Bidartondo M. I. , Bruns T. D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Monotropoideae (Ericaceae) are nonphotosynthetic angiosperms that obtain fixed carbon from basidiomycete ectomycorrhizal fungi. In previous work, we showed that each plant species is associated with a single genus or a set of closely related genera of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Here we show that the level of specificity is much higher. We used a molecular phylogenetic approach to contrast specificity patterns among eight plant lineages and three fungal genera. We relied on fungal nuclear internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) sequence data obtained from 161 basidiocarps and 85 monotropoid roots representing 286 sampled plants screened using restriction length polymorphisms. From the phylogenetic placement of fungal symbionts in fungal phylograms, we found that three basal (Sarcodes, Pterospora, Pleuricospora) and one derived lineage (Allotropa) of plants target narrow clades of closely related species groups of fungi, and four derived lineages (Monotropa hypopithys species group, Pityopus) target more distant species groups. Within most plant lineages, geography and photobiont association constrain specificity. Specificity extended further in Pterospora andromedea, in which sequence haplotypes at the plastid trn L–F region of 73 plants were significantly associated with different fungal species groups even in sympatry. These results indicate that both the macro‐ and microevolution of the Monotropoideae are tightly coupled to their mycorrhizal symbionts.
Retinal neurodevelopmental assessment with electroretinogram in patients with biliary atresia
Authors: Igarashi Jun , Shimizu Toshiaki , Oguchi Satoshi , Yamashiro Yuichiro , Miyano Tekeshi , Hayakawa MUtsUko 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: To evaluate the effect of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) deficiency on the development of retinal function in children with biliary atresia (BA), we examined serum fatty acid levels and performed electororetinogram (ERG) in patients with BA.
Methods
: The study group was composed of one male and four female BA patients (8−14 years) with serum bilirubin levels ranging from 0.40 to 1.48 mg/dL. All of the subjects were born as full‐term infants. The fatty acid composition of total lipids in serum was analyzed by gas chromatography before the Kasai operation, approximately 10 months after the Kasai operation, and at the time of the ERG study. The ERG was recorded using corneal contact lens electrodes.
Results
: Two of the five patients showed decreased levels of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) before and after the operation, but no abnormal findings on ERG were detected in these patients. The other three patients had decreased levels of α‐linolenic acid or DHA after the operation, but again, no abnormalities were found on ERG.
Conclusion
: These results suggest that insufficiencies of DHA and other n‐3 PUFA in full‐term infants might not have an influence on later ERG results.