bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron status of suckling rats as influenced by maternal diet during gestation and lactation
Authors: Kochanowski Barbara A. , Sherman Adria R. 
Published: February 2005

1. Two experiments are reported. In Expt 1, pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats (200–220 g) were given purified diets containing 35, 75, 150 or 300 mg Fe/kg throughout gestation and lactation. In Expt 2, the levels of Fe given were 250 and 300 mg/kg diet.2. Litters were standardized at birth to contain seven pups. On day 20 of lactation blood, milk, spleen and liver were collected for Fe analysis.3. A dietary Fe concentration of 35 mg/kg maintained maximum weight gain, food intake, liver and spleen weight, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume in the growing maternal rat through 20 d of lactation. Dam liver and spleen Fe concentrations were maximized between 75 and 250 mg Fe/kg diet.4. Pups (20-d-old) nursed by dams given 35 mg Fe/kg tended to have lower body and organ weights compared to other groups. Liver and spleen Fe concentrations increased with increasing maternal dietary Fe and were significantly increased between 150 and 250 mg Fe/kg.
Dietary protein and the growth of rats infected with the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta
Authors: Hall Andrew 
Published: February 2005

1. Weanling rats fed on a relatively low protein diet were infected with several intestinal tapeworms. The weight gain and daily food intake of the rats were measured for 3 weeks before the animals were killed and the adult tapeworms recovered. The tissues of the rats and worms were then analysed for protein. Controls were provided by uninfected rats either pair fed or fed ad lib. For comparison, a similar experiment was conducted on rats fed on a relatively high protein diet.2. The effect of the infection on the protein-malnourished rats and of the low level of protein on the worms were apparently not significant. The amount of protein contained in the worm burdens was less than 1·5% of the average total intake of the protein-malnourished rats.
The origin of urinary aromatic compounds excreted by ruminants
Authors: Martin A. K. , Milne J. A. , Moberly P. 
Published: February 2005

1. Studies were made of the extent to which p-cresol, catechol, quinol and orcinol infused through rumen or abomasal cannulas to sheep were recovered in their urine.2. Rumen fermentation of dietary phenolic compounds caused the excretion of simple phenols in the urine. In decreasing order of magnitude these were: p-cresol, catechol, phenol and 4-methylcatechol with only traces of quinol and orcinol.3. The percentages of rumen-infused p-cresol or orcinol recovered as increments in the urinary phenol outputs of sheep (94 and 99% respectively) following infusion showed that rumen degradation of these phenols was negligible.4. After rumen infusion of catechol and quinol, mean recoveries of these phenols in urine were only 55 and 77% respectively. Possible reasons for these incomplete recoveries are discussed.5. Studies were also made of the use of the urinary phenol output of phenols characteristic of particular forages as indices of their voluntary intake by sheep. Calluna vulgaris L. (Hull) (heather) may contain 1300–3600 mg/kg dry matter (DM) of orcinol and 200–800 mg/kg DM of quinol as β-glycosides. When heather was offered ad lib. to sheep given one of five levels of grass, linear relationships were found between heather intake and urinary quinol and orcinol outputs.6. The urinary output of aromatic acids was also determined when sheep ate grass and heather. Urinary phenylacetic acid output was linearly related to grass but not to heather intake. The relationship between urinary phenylacetic acid output and grass intake could vary with different forages but that between orcinol output and heather intake was considered a useful index of heather intake.7. Methods for the assay of urine phenols are discussed.
Estimation of flows of organic matter and nitrogen components in postruminal digesta and effects of level of dietary intake and physical form of protein supplement on such estimates
Authors: Mcallan A. B. , Smith R. H. 
Published: February 2005

1. Steers fitted with simple rumen, abomasal and sometimes duodenal cannulas were given isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets consisting of pellets containing equal amounts of rolled barley and chopped straw together with tapioca alone (B), or with some tapioca replaced by coarse soya-bean meal (M) or finely ground soya-bean flour (F). Diet B had an estimated rumen degradable nitrogen (RDN): metabolizable energy (ME) value of approximately 0·8 g/MJ. The corresponding value for each of the supplemented diets was 1·3–1·4. Diets were given at two levels of intake designed respectively to provide ME intakes to support weight gains of 0·5 kg/d (L) and 1·0 kg/d (H). Chromic oxide and polyethylene glycol were given as indigestible markers. Values were calculated for flows (g/24 h) at the abomasum of organic matter (OM), non-ammonia-N (NAN) and microbial (bacterial)-N (MN). Estimates of MN were based on RNA and α-ε;-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) measurements. The steers had low rumen protozoal counts throughout the whole experiment with fewer than 8000 ciliate protozoa/ml of rumen fluid.2. Proportions of OM apparently digested between the mouth and abomasum were significantly lower for H than for L intakes but showed no other significant differences. Mean estimated efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was approximately 17 g N/kg OM apparently digested in the rumen for the LB diet, but was significantly greater at approximately 26 g N/kg OM apparently digested for the HB diet. The protein-supplemented diets gave values of 31–32 which were significantly greater than the value for the LB but not the HB diet.3. Amounts of feed nitrogenous constituents surviving between the mouth and the abomasum were estimated from NAN minus MN corrected for endogenous N. Values for the proportions of feed N degraded, derived from these estimates, were 0·71, 0·66, 0·72, 0·69, 0·67 and 0·70 for diets LB, HB, LM, HM, LF and HF respectively. There were no significant differences due to level of feeding, supplementary protein or the physical form of that protein.4. Estimates of MN flows at the abomasum based on RNA determinations in fresh samples did not differ significantly from estimates based on DAP determinations. However, storage of aqueous suspensions of mixed rumen bacteria by deep-freezing or freeze-drying resulted in significant losses of RNA. No such losses were observed for abomasal digesta. This meant that if samples were stored by these means before analysis, the use of RNA as a microbial marker was vitiated.5. In some experiments digesta samples were taken from the duodenum as well as the abomasum. Estimates of total N flows did not differ significantly between these sites.
Adaptive increase in phytate digestibility by phosphorus-deprived rats and the relationship of intestinal phytase (EC 3.1.3.8) and alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) to phytate utilization
Authors: Moore Robert J. , Veum Trygve L. 
Published: February 2005

1. The effects of phosphorus deprivation on phytate digestibility, phosphorus utilization and intestinal phytase (EC3.1.3.8) and alkaline phosphatase (EC3.1.3.1) in rats were investigated.2. P deprivation was achieved by giving rats a diet containing 3 g P/kg and resulted in hypophosphataemia, hypercalcaemia, hypercalciuria, and lower levels of P absorbed and retained, and calcium retained.3. Rats adapted to P deprivation by increasing the digestion of total dietary-P and phytate-P.4. Levels of intestinal alkaline phosphatase and alkaline phytase were not different between the two treatment groups.5. P deprivation in the rats given the marginal-P diet may be a result of a lower absorption of total dietary-P or increased absorption of inositol phosphates formed during the enzymic hydrolysis of phytate which are not readily utilized by the rat.6. These results suggest that intestinal phytase and alkaline phosphatase do not play a role in the adaptive increase in phytate digestibility by rats given marginal-P diets. The adaptation may result from enhanced phytase or alkaline phosphatase synthesis by the gastrointestinal microflora stimulated by a lower level of P in the digesta.
Saturation kinetics of magnesium efflux across the rumen wall in heifers
Authors: Martens H. 
Published: February 2005

1. Absorption of magnesium from the temporarily-isolated, emptied and washed rumen of four 10–12-month-old heifers was measured at five different Mg concentrations (2·5, 5·0, 7·5, 12·5 and 20 mmol/l).2. Net absorption of Mg was observed at all concentrations. Saturation occurred at a concentration of 12·5 mmol Mg/l.3. Using an Eadie–Hofstee plot, the Michaelis–Menten constant (Km; 11·43 mmol/l) and maximal efflux (Vmax; 120·3 μmol/min) were estimated.4. The phenomenon of saturation supports the assumption that Mg transport across the rumen wall of heifers is an active process.
Report on the 2nd International Conference on Repository Libraries
Authors: Di Tillio Corrado 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo introduce the papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on Repository Libraries, organised by the Finnish National Repository Library and sponsored by IFLA, with many leading institutions participating in programme planning.Design/methodology/approachProvides a brief outline of each paper, discussing the state of health of repository libraries of any kind: national, academic, shared, etc.FindingsParticipating librarians presented a feasible future model, which has been called “URL” (“Universal Repository Library”), which encompassed the following characteristics: digital delivery 24/7 to end‐users; information for free (or support of minimal charges); performance and retention of public agreements; focus on existing strengths with multilingual approaches; virtual union catalogue linking repository catalogues; strong local support of regional repositories; international focal points; and the development of local support to bridge into URL.Originality/valueThe creation of a model of repository libraries for today, the near future and the distant future.
Depositories and repositories: changing models of library storage in the USA
Authors: Payne Lizanne 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo identify the issues faced by shared library storage facilities involving collection ownership, services, and governance.Design/methodology/approachLiterature‐based review describing the operations of shared library storage facilities in the USA.FindingsThere are 50 or more library storage facilities in the USA (including separate compact shelving buildings or wings), with others in various stages of planning and construction. Most of the existing facilities are operated by individual academic libraries for their own collections, but increasing numbers of shared facilities are being planned and built. As more and more US academic libraries operate or share storage facilities, they face issues involving collection ownership, services, and governance within their own constituencies. These shared facilities can form the infrastructure for the evolving international network of print repositories.Originality/valueProvides models for operating shared library storage facilities and outlines next steps to develop an international repository network.
From printed world to a digital environment
Authors: Saarti Jarmo 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo determine and define the role of repository libraries in Finland for a medium‐sized university library in the digital environment.Design/methodology/approachLiterature and strategy‐based conceptual analysis and a case study of the role of different types of scientific library and information service actors in Finland.FindingsThe Finnish University Libraries and Ministry of Education have made strategic solutions in order to ensure an effective national collection policy. Digital materials are acquired mainly via the University Libraries' consortium, FinELib. The older and less used printed materials are collected in the National Repository Library. Modern technologies and logistic solutions are used in ensuring the effective end‐user services. Thus each library can make its own strategic collection policy decisions based on these national services.Research limitations/implicationsBased on conditions in Finland.Practical implicationsGives an example of a national collection policy and co‐operation.Originality/valueProvides a model to be tested and developed for collection policy decisions.
Access to print materials – role of print repositories
Authors: Vattulainen Pentti 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo highlight the role of print repositories in accessing print materials.Design/methodology/approachHighlights the repository library in the professional literature. Provides an overview of the National Repository Library (NRL) in Finland and the Kuopio conferences. Offers some calculations on the economics of access to print materials, with particular focus on Finland.FindingsThe role of the repository library creates savings in total storage costs on a national level. The NRL is a vital link in the Finland library network and acts as a bright signpost of cooperation on a national level. Libraries continue to function on local level in universities, polytechnics, research institutions and in communities while the NRL creates savings in space costs. By transferring material to the Repository Library libraries can free space for IT‐services, new acquisitions and active collections. As libraries get access to a growing number of de‐duplicated materials each library has a potential to become a zero growth library.Originality/valueOne of the important consequences of the success of the NRL is that the zero growth library has to rely more on resource sharing and must develop its ILL systems for better services for its patrons.
Distributed collections and central repository in France
Authors: Sanz Pascal 
Published: February 2005

PurposeAims to assess and identify the main trends of shared conservation of library collections in France.Design/methodology/approachPresents two co‐existing approaches to the subject: first, an approach based on the principle of distributed conservation, spread around a certain number of establishments; and second, a centralised approach in which a given network of libraries shares pooled conservation. Compares drawbacks and advantages of these two approaches.FindingsThe drawbacks of the “distributed” system are as follows. Sometimes the participating libraries' lack of experience causes problems for the physical transfer of documents from one library to another. There is the risk of the scheme slowing down or stopping altogether. The advantages of this approach are that it can be launched without major initial investment. The “centralised” shared conservation system also has drawbacks. It requires an initial investment in terms of a building, capital equipment and job creation. However, this system has numerous advantages. The CTLes is seen as a real participant in the inter‐library cooperation network.Originality/valueA new project in France will probably provide an opportunity to combine the two approaches. This is the shared conservation scheme for medical periodicals among university libraries in the Paris region (Ile de France). If it succeeds, the methodology used could be adopted or adapted to other disciplines and other regions.
Newspapers at the National Library of Norway
Authors: Clausen Søren 
Published: February 2005

PurposeAims to describe the development of the Newspaper Collection at the National Library of Norway.Design/methodology/approachDescribes the historical and organizational development of the collection, analysis of registration systems and the role of newspapers in historical research.FindingsProvides possible solutions for organization and cataloguing.Originality/valueProvides a first description of the use of MAVIS (Merged Audio Visual Information System) as a cataloguing solution for a newspaper collection.
The print block and the digital cylinder
Authors: McCarthy J.P. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo consider the economic and physical impact of electronic journals on remotely stored print stock.Design/methodology/approachA collection of print journals was used as an object for consideration. Physical and heritage aspects of the collection are examined and questions are posed regarding the wisdom of future retention in response to increased demand for electronic alternatives.FindingsEmerging trends predict a predominance of periodical literature in electronic form. The future of local remote storage for low demand printed journal collections needs to be evaluated in economic as well as cultural terms.Research limitations/implicationsBased on a collection at the Boole Library, University College Cork, Ireland.Practical implicationsSimilar consideration should be given to collections in other regional libraries.Originality/valueContributes to discussions on the long‐term value of retaining print journal holdings.
From traditional stacks to an automated storage and retrieval system
Authors: Mathisen Kari 
Published: February 2005

PurposeAims to illustrate how the Repository Library at the National Library in Norway met the need for a considerable increase in capacity with the introduction of an automated store.Design/methodology/approachDescribes the project planning and the financial survey for the DEPOT II project. Provides details of the automated storage and retrieval system and discusses storage boxes and folders, media, the retrieval centre and orders.FindingsCost savings have been considerable. The automated store eases collection development and gives better control with the flow of documents.Originality/valueThe Repository Library has transformed into a mixture of industrial and cultural traditions, helping to improve services to the library community in Norway as well as abroad. The collection development has been optimised and there is better control over document flow. It is now much easier to obtain and to verify the material.
Preserving American Print Resources
Authors: Reilly Bernard F. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeAims to provide a background to the Center for Research Libraries (CRL)'s Preserving America's Print Resources (PAPR) initiative.Design/methodology/approachDescribes the CRL conference and planning event, entitled “Preserving America's print resources: toward a national strategic effort”, held in Chicago, July 2003 and highlights some of the programs on which the CRL are working.FindingsAffirms the CRL's role of “convening” and facilitating strategic action by the major North American research libraries and libraries of last resort to enable the community to move deliberatively and safely away from excessive redundancy in its print holdings. The goal is to enable North American libraries to act in concert, to make the best use of scarce resources, and to provide for scholars of the future the most rich and diverse pool of knowledge possible.Originality/valuePromoting the worthy goal of enabling North American libraries to act in concert, to make the best use of scarce resources, and to provide for scholars of the future the most rich and diverse pool of knowledge possible is central to the Center's mission. The PAPR conference reaffirmed the importance of this role for the years ahead.
β‐Catenin mutations in a mouse model of inflammation‐related colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine and dextran sodium sulfate
Authors: Kohno Hiroyuki , Suzuki Rikako , Sugie Shigeyuki , Tanaka Takuji 
Published: February 2005

In a previous study, we developed a novel mouse model for colitis‐related carcinogenesis, utilizing a single dose of azoxymethane (AOM) followed by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water. In the present study, we investigated whether colonic neoplasms can be developed in mice initiated with a single injection of another genotoxic colonic carcinogen 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH), instead of AOM and followed by exposure of DSS in drinking water. Male crj: CD‐1 (ICR) mice were given a single intraperitoneal administration (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg body weight) of DMH and 1‐week oral exposure (2% in drinking water) of a non‐genotoxic carcinogen, DSS. All animals were killed at week 20, histological alterations and immunohistochemical expression of β‐catenin, cyclooxygenase (COX‐2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were examined in induced colonic epithelial lesions (colonic dysplasias and neoplasms). Also, the β‐catenin gene mutations in paraffin‐embedded colonic adenocarcinomas were analyzed by the single strand conformation polymorphism method, restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing. The incidences of colonic neoplasms with dysplastic lesions developed were 100% with 2.29 ± 0.95 multiplicity, and 100% with 10.38 ± 4.00 multiplicity in mice given DMH at doses of 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg and 2%DSS, respectively. Although approximately half of the mice given DMH at a dose of 40 mg/kg bodyweight were dead after 2–3 days after the injection, mice who received DMH 40 mg/kg and 2%DSS had 100% incidence of colonic neoplasms with 9.75 ± 6.29 multiplicity. Immunohistochemical investigation revealed that adnocarcinomas, induced by DMH at all doses and 2%DSS, showed positive reactivities against β‐catenin, COX‐2 and iNOS. In DMH/DSS‐induced adenocarcinomas, 10 of 11 (90.9%) adenocacrcinomas had β‐catenin gene mutations. Half of the mutations were detected at codon 37 or 41, encoding serine and threonine that are direct targets for phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase‐3β. The present results suggests that, as in the previously reported model (AOM/DSS) our experimental protocol, DMH initiation followed by DSS, may provide a novel and useful mouse model for investigating inflammation‐related colon carcinogenesis and for identifying xenobiotics with modifying effects. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 69–76)
Low molecular weight heparin in pregnancy: current issues
Authors: Greer Ian , Hunt Beverley J. 
Published: February 2005

SummaryLow molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is now the most commonly used anticoagulant for prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and the puerperium in the UK. The reliable pharmacokinetics of LMWHs and their long half‐life, resulting in the need for less frequent injections than unfractionated heparin (UFH), makes them attractive for practical use in the 9 months of pregnancy. Widespread use over the last 10 years has shown that LMWHs are safer than UFH in pregnancy. There is, however, poor consensus and wide disparity of views among experts with regard to the appropriate dose for the varying indications, the duration of treatment, and whether and how LMWH should be monitored because of the lack of an evidence base. These areas of uncertainty reflect the fact that clinical practice has grown largely through the publication of small trials, observational studies, personal experience and anecdote. Good clinical trials are urgently required.