bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of the Bone‐Anchored Hearing Aid in Unilateral Hearing Loss
Authors: Wazen Jack J. , Spitzer Jaclyn , Ghossaini Soha N. , Kacker Ashutrosh , Zschommler Anne 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjectives The advantages of binaural hearing are well established and universally accepted. However, a tendency remains to withhold the benefits of binaural hearing to adults and children with one normal ear. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the benefit of the bone‐anchored hearing aid (BAHA) in a group of patients with unilateral conductive or mixed hearing loss.Study Design This is a prospective study of nine patients (five males and four female patients) with conductive or mixed hearing loss who met the criteria for BAHA except for having normal hearing in the other ear. They had congenital aural atresia or mastoidectomies secondary to chronic ear infections with or without cholesteatoma or had a temporal bone tumor excisedMethods Patients had evaluations before and after implantation, including audiological testing and responses to a standardized hearing handicap questionnaire. Statistical analyses of the data were made using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and the paired Student t test for repeated measures.Results All patients had tonal and spondee threshold improvement with BAHA when compared with thresholds before treatment. Speech recognition performance in BAHA‐aided conditions was comparable to the patient's best score in unaided condition. Patients reported a significant improvement in their hearing handicap scores with the BAHA.Conclusions The use of BAHA has significantly improved the hearing handicap scores in patients with unilateral conductive or mixed hearing loss. The proven safety and efficacy of the device promote its use in unilateral cases that traditionally had been left unaided.
Endoscopic Extraction of an Intranasal Tooth: A Review of 13 Cases
Authors: Lee Fei‐Peng 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjective To present the clinical experience of a series of 13 consecutive cases of an intranasal tooth treated by endoscopic extraction during a 15‐year period.Study Design Retrospective review.Methods The records of 13 patients who underwent endoscopic extraction of an intranasal tooth at Taipei Medical University Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between 1986 and 2000 were reviewed.Results All the patients had an uneventful recovery and the presenting symptoms were completely relieved after surgery. The follow‐up period was 6 months to 14 years 5 months (average, 9 yr 2 mo). Examination of these extracted teeth showed that 11 were supernumerary teeth and two were ectopic permanent canine teeth.Conclusions Endoscopic extraction of the intranasal tooth has the advantages of good illumination, clear visualization, and precise dissection, and in our experience the result of endoscopic extraction of an intranasal tooth is satisfactory. We recommend the routine use of a rigid endoscope in the treatment of an intranasal tooth.
Significance of Retropharyngeal Node Dissection at Radical Surgery for Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx and Cervical Esophagus
Authors: Amatsu Mutsuo , Mohri Mitsuhiro , Kinishi Minoru 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjectives To clarify the efficacy of dissection of retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RPLNs) in the surgical treatment of carcinoma of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus.Study Design We started planned dissection of the RPLN during initial radical surgery in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx or the cervical esophagus in 1988. Until 1997, we performed this procedure as a standard operation in 82 consecutive patients.Methods Mortality resulting from RPLN metastasis was compared between 82 patients who underwent RPLN dissection and 69 patients who did not undergo the procedure.Results Of 82 patients, 16 patients (20%) had positive RPLNs. These patients were at high risk of recurrence unless the node(s) were dissected. Although RPLN dissection did not improve the cumulative 5‐year survival rate, it significantly decreased the number of patients who died of RPLN metastasis (χ2 = 3.68, P <.1). Four of the 16 patients who had positive RPLNs survived without any recurrence.Conclusion Bilateral dissection of the RPLN during initial surgery is highly recommended in every surgical case of carcinoma of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus.
Effect of 3M™ Coban™ Self-Adherent Wraps on Edema and Function of the Burned Hand: A Case Study
Authors: Lowell M. , Pirc P. , Ward R. S. , Lundy C. , Wilhelm D. A. , Reddy R. , Held B. , Bernard J. 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Edema and limited function are common acute problems associated with hand burns. This case study examined the effects of 3M™ Coban™ Self-Adherent Wraps on edema and function in a 59-year-old male (46% TBSA flame injury) with newly skin grafted dorsally burned hands. At the time of each dressing change, circumferential measurements were taken of both hands and weekly active range of motion and grip strength measurements were recorded. The nine-hole peg test was used to appraise dexterity. During the 4-week study period, there was less edema, greater active range of motion and grip strength, and greater dexterity in the hand with 3M™ Coban™ Self-Adherent Wraps as compared with the control hand. This case study suggests that 3M™ Coban™ Self-Adherent Wraps were effective in reducing edema in the skin-grafted hand after skin grafting. It further appeared that the reduced edema may have contributed to improved hand function and that 3M™ Coban™ Self-Adherent Wraps as a compressive dressing do not impede hand function.
Use of Speech Pathology Services in the Burn Unit
Authors: Snyder C. , Ubben P. 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) provide intervention for communication challenges and swallowing disorders (dysphagia) that are common in cases of severe burns because of ventilator use, prolonged or multiple intubations, and tracheostomy tubes. To identify current inclusion of SLP services in burn care management, a survey was sent to 139 burn units across the United States. Results revealed limited inclusion of SLPs in burn care despite pertinent areas of SLP expertise. Education of burn care teams on the benefits of SLP inclusion is needed. Potential benefits in pain and medical management reducing length of hospitalization and increasing cost-effective care by inclusion of SLPs in burn care management warrants further research.
An Unusual Cause of Burn Injury: Fig Leaf Decoction Used as a Remedy for a Dermatitis of Unknown Etiology
Authors: Özdamar Erkut , Özbek Serhat , Akin Selçuk 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Medicinal plant extracts are commonly used worldwide. Their use relies mostly on historical and anecdotal evidence and might be so hazardous. Phytophotodermatitis is a well-known entity that is caused by the sequential exposure to certain species of plants containing furocoumarins and then to sunlight. In this article, superficial burn lesions caused by fig leaf decoction that was applied to a patient's both upper extremity as a remedy for a dermatitis of unknown etiology is reported. Direct sun exposure is an essential component of phytophotodermatitis. All reported cases to date have in common that patients are exposed to direct sunlight or to artificial UVA lights (like solarium) of varying durations. In our case neither direct sun exposure, other than inevitable indoor UVA influence, nor blister formation was present. The etiologic factors, symptoms, signs, course, and treatment alternatives for phytophotodermatitis are also reviewed briefly.
Serial Measurements Increase the Accuracy of Laser Doppler Assessment of Burn Wounds
Authors: Mileski W. J. , Atiles L. , Purdue G. , Kagan R. , Saffle J. R. , Herndon D. N. , Heimbach D. , Luterman A. , Yurt R. , Goodwin C. , Hunt J. L. 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Traditional methods of judging burn depth by clinical evaluation of the wound based on appearance and sensation remain in wide use but are subject to individual variation by examiner. In addition to the clinical difficulties with burn wound management, observer dependency of wound assessment complicates clinical trials of burn wound therapy. A laser Doppler flowmeter with a multichannel probe was used to measure burn wound perfusion as a tool to predict wound outcome. Serial measurement with laser Doppler flowmetry had an 88% specificity and a positive predictive value of 81% for identifying nonhealing wounds. These results suggest that laser Doppler flowmetry is a potentially useful tool for burn wound assessment.
Occupational Lesion of the Suprascapular Nerve Leading to Marked Atrophy of the Supra- and Infraspinatus Muscles
Authors: Araujo Mauro Gomes , Fragoso Yara Dadalti 
Published: September 2004

Abstract

Suprascapular neuropathy is a relatively uncommon cause of shoulder pain and it is usually related to nerve entrapment. Marked atrophy of the supra- and infraspinatus muscles is not often observed, because the pain and limitation of movements could require medical attention at early stages of the disease. We report on a case of suprascapular neuropathy in a young male resulting from occupational compression of the nerve. A picture of the patient is included.
A Putative Polyketide Synthase/Peptide Synthetase fromMagnaporthe griseaSignals Pathogen Attack to Resistant Rice[W]
Authors: Böhnert Heidi U. , Fudal Isabelle , Dioh Waly , Tharreau Didier , Notteghem Jean-Loup , Lebrun Marc-Henri 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIsolates of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea that carry the gene encoding Avirulence Conferring Enzyme1 (ACE1) are specifically recognized by rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars carrying the resistance gene Pi33. This recognition enables resistant plants to activate a defense response. ACE1 was isolated by map-based cloning and encodes a putative hybrid between a polyketide synthase and a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, enzymes involved in microbial secondary metabolism. ACE1 is expressed exclusively during fungal penetration of host leaves, the time point at which plant defense reactions are triggered. Ace1 appears to be localized in the cytoplasm of the appressorium. Mutation of the putative catalytic site of the β-ketoacyl synthase domain of Ace1 abolishes recognition of the fungus by resistant rice. This suggests that Ace1 biosynthetic activity is required for avirulence. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the fungal signal recognized by resistant rice plants is the secondary metabolite whose synthesis depends on Ace1.
An in‐vitro investigation of the antibacterial effect of nisin in root canals and canal wall radicular dentine
Authors: Turner S. R. , Love R. M. , Lyons K. M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAim  To determine whether nisin, a bacteriocin, would be effective at killing Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus gordonii cells in solution and within the root canal system.Methodology  Bacterial isolates of E. faecalis and S. gordonii were grown from glycerol stocks in closed tubes containing BHY broth at 37 °C. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of nisin for both bacterial species was determined by a microdilution method. Extracted human teeth were decoronated to produce roots of equal length with a single canal and divided into six groups of 10 roots. The canals were prepared to a master apical size 30 file using 0.04 taper Ni‐Ti rotary instruments. Bacterial samples of each species were inoculated into three groups of prepared roots and incubated in closed tubes at 37 °C for 21 days. The root canals in each group were then medicated with water (control), calcium hydroxide powder mixed with sterile water [Ca(OH)2], or nisin and incubated for a further 7 days. Rotary Ni‐Ti files were used to take radicular dentine samples from the walls of each canal which were then incubated in BHY broth for 24 h. Optical density (OD600) readings were taken as a measure of bacterial growth.Results  The MBC of nisin for E. faecalis and S. gordonii was 70 and 20 mg mL−1 respectively. Calcium hydroxide and nisin medication eradicated infection within the root canal while cells remained viable in the control group. Mean optical density (OD600) readings from canal wall dentine shavings infected with E. faecalis were 1.32 ± 0.98, 0.73 ± 0.27 and 0.69 ± 0.38 for the control, Ca(OH)2 and nisin samples respectively. Corresponding mean readings for S. gordonii were 1.19 ± 0.18, 0.73 ± 0.15 and 0.60 ± 0.29. The Ca(OH)2 and nisin group readings were significantly (P < 0.01) lower than the control for each species as tested by Student's t‐test and Mann–Whitney U statistical analysis. Values for Ca(OH)2 and nisin were not significantly (P > 0.01) different.Conclusion  Nisin was effective at eradicating E. faecalis and S. gordonii cells in pure culture and was comparable with Ca(OH)2 in the elimination of these species from within the root canal system.
A one step procedure for luting glass fibre posts: an SEM evaluation
Authors: Grandini S. , Sapio S. , Goracci C. , Monticelli F. , Ferrari M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAim  To evaluate the ability of two luting procedures for bonding translucent fibre posts to form resin tags, adhesive lateral branches, and resin dentine interdiffusion zones (RDIZ).Methodology  Forty root filled teeth, extracted for periodontal reasons, were selected for the study. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 10 each. Group 1: One Step, light‐cured (LC) 20 s + dual link resin cement (LC 20 s); group 2: One Step, not light‐cured (NLC) + dual link resin cement (LC 30 s); group 3: One Step (NLC) + dual link resin cement (LC 60 s); group 4: One Step (NLC) + dual link resin cement (LC 90 sec). Forty translucent fibre posts (DT posts, RTD) were inserted. Then, root specimens were processed for scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations to assess the continuity of the RDIZ, the presence or absence of gaps and the density and morphology of resin tags using a four‐step scale method.Results  With all luting procedures the formation of a RDIZ occurred. However, the microscopic examination of adhesive interfaces revealed that the percentage of RDIZ was significantly higher in group 1 than in the other three groups (P < 0.05). Group 4 had a higher percentage of RDIZ than group 3, which in turn exhibited a greater percentage than group 2, but these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Resin tag formation was evident in all the groups. The characteristic reverse cone shape of resin tags was always noted in the coronal and middle third of all groups, and in the apical third of group 1. In the apical third a shorter length and a less uniform appearance of resin tags were noted in groups 2, 3 and 4.Conclusions  In this laboratory study, when bonding a translucent fibre post into a root canal, the luting procedure including light curing of the adhesive solution before the placement of the cement was more satisfactory, from a SEM standpoint, than the procedure involving the simultaneous curing of adhesive and cement (one step procedure).
Comparison of long‐term papilla healing following sulcular full thickness flap and papilla base flap in endodontic surgery
Authors: Velvart P. , Ebner‐Zimmermann U. , Ebner J. P. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAim  To compare long‐term loss of papilla height when using either the papilla base incision (PBI) or the standard papilla mobilization incision in marginal full thickness flap procedures in cases with no evidence of marginal periodontitis.Methodology  Twelve healthy patients, free of periodontal disease, who had intact interdental papillae were referred for surgical treatment of persisting apical periodontitis and included in the study. The flap design consisted of two releasing incisions connected by a horizontal incision. The marginal incision involved the complete mobilization of the entire papilla in one interproximal space but in the other interproximal space the PBI was performed. Further apically a full thickness flap was raised. Following flap retraction, standard apical root‐end resection and root‐end filling was performed. Flap closure was achieved with microsurgical sutures. The PBI was sutured with two to three interrupted sutures (size 7/0), the elevated papilla was reapproximated with vertical mattress sutures (size 7/0), which were removed 3–5 days after the surgery. The height of the interdental papilla was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively after 1‐, 3‐ and 12‐month recall using plaster replicas. The loss of papilla height was measured using a laser scanner. Papilla paired sites were evaluated and statistically analysed.Results  Most papilla recession took place within the first month after the surgery in the complete elevation of the papilla. Further small increase in loss of papilla height resulted at 3 months. After 1 year the loss of height diminished to 0.98 ± 0.75 mm, but there was no statistical difference between the various recall intervals. In contrast, after PBI only minor changes could be detected at all times. There was a highly significant difference between the two incision techniques for all recall appointments (P < 0.001).Conclusions  In the short as well as long‐term the PBI allows predictable recession‐free healing of the interdental papilla. In contrast, complete mobilization of the papilla displayed a marked loss of the papilla height in the initial healing phase although this was less evident 1 year postoperatively. In aesthetically relevant areas the use of the PBI is recommended, to avoid opening of the interproximal space, when periradicular surgical treatment is necessary.
Endodontic treatment of an invaginated maxillary lateral incisor with a periradicular lesion and a healthy pulp
Authors: Tsurumachi T. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAim  To report the healing of a periradicular lesion following nonsurgical root canal treatment of a dental invagination.Summary  A case of dens invaginatus type 3 with a periradicular lesion and a healthy pulp is reported. Nonsurgical root canal treatment of the invagination was performed successfully and resolved an associated periradicular lesion. Despite the complex anatomy and a diagnosis of apical periodontitis, pulp health was retained after endodontic treatment of the invaginated canal. Clinical considerations and treatment are discussed and reported.Key learning points

Dens invaginatus can present in a variety of forms, knowledge of which can usefully inform endodontic diagnosis and treatment.
In certain cases, success can be achieved by treating the invagination alone.
Pulp health may be preserved during and after treatment of an infected invagination.
Protocolized weaning from mechanical ventilation: ICU physicians’ views
Authors: Blackwood Bronagh , Wilson‐Barnett Jenifer , Trinder John 
Published: September 2004

Background.  The use of protocols during weaning from mechanical ventilation is uncommon in the UK, despite research pointing to their potential benefits. This may be because the research evidence is considered not to apply in different settings. Intensive care unit consultant physicians are the major decision‐makers in weaning in the UK and any attempt to introduce protocolized weaning will require consideration of their views.Aim.  The aim of this paper is to report a study exploring intensive care physicians’ views on (i) weaning from mechanical ventilation, (ii) the utility of weaning protocols and (iii) nurses’ roles in the weaning process. A specific goal was to identify potential aids and barriers to developing weaning protocols and their introduction into clinical practice.Methods.  Qualitative interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 10 consultant physicians in two intensive care units in Northern Ireland and subjected to content analysis.Findings.  The primary themes identified were (i) information required for weaning decisions and clinical judgement, (ii) professional boundaries, (iii) protocol issues and (iv) timing of weaning. Three types of information were deemed to be required for weaning decisions – empirical objective, empirical subjective and abstract – and interviewees considered that it would be challenging to incorporate all into a protocol. They were divided on whether protocols were useful when nursing experience was limited. Some groups of patients were thought more suitable than others for protocolized weaning.Conclusions.  Although local physicians were supportive in theory, introduction of protocolized weaning is likely to be difficult because of the breadth of information required for successful decision‐making. Consultant views in this study were not consistent with American findings that physicians’ caution may unnecessarily prolong weaning.
Meeting the needs of minority ethnic patients
Authors: Cortis Joseph D. 
Published: September 2004

Background.  Certain aspects of nursing care related to minority ethnic patients are being highlighted in the literature, but there is little exploration of nurses’ experiences of caring for people from specific minority ethnic groups.Aim.  This paper reports an investigation into the experiences of Registered Nurses caring for hospitalized Pakistani patients in the United Kingdom.Method.  A qualitative study, with a sample of 30 Registered Nurses using semi‐structured interviews. The sample was self‐selecting from a large health care organization in the north of England, covering adult acute, critical and rehabilitation care settings.Results.  Interviewees had difficulty in explaining the meaning of culture and spirituality and their relationship to nursing practice. They also had limited understanding of the Pakistani community, and deficits were identified in meeting the challenges offered by this community. Inadequate implementation of ‘holism’, poor preparation to meet the needs of an ethnically diverse society and the presence of racism in practice settings emerged as explanations for the deficits participants identified between their expectations and the reality in care settings.Conclusion.  Although ‘holism’ is a relevant concept for enhancing nursing practice, its meaning needs to be further debated in order to avoid a tokenistic approach to its implementation in the care of patients from minority ethnic communities.
Emergency care and narrative knowledge
Authors: Nairn Stuart 
Published: September 2004

Background.  Nursing knowledge is a composite of many influences. In an attempt to strengthen nursing knowledge and practice, there have been significant developments in the codification of nursing knowledge as part of the evidence‐based practice movement. Using established research techniques; this has the capacity to enhance clinical practice. However, not all knowledge can be incorporated into this type of academic discourse, and there is growing interest in narrative knowledge. This paper contributes to this sometimes implicit and sometimes explicit critique of dominant paradigms.Aim.  The aim of this paper is to examine the usefulness of narrative as a means of exploring the world of emergency nursing practice and its contribution to the emotional lifeworld of clinicians.Method.  A discourse analysis of nursing narratives in their natural settings was carried out. This involved exploration of stories that were not produced for the purposes of research.Findings.  Narratives can open up social worlds, which escape or be deliberately erased by more formal methods. Contingent and subversive knowledge can contribute to understanding the emotional impact of emergency care.Conclusion.  These narratives have their own ‘truth’, which should be incorporated into an understanding of what constitutes the lifeworld of emergency nurses.