bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaping behavior of Pithecia pithecia and Chiropotes satanas in eastern Venezuela
Authors: Walker Suzanne E. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractI observed leaping behavior in the white‐faced saki (Pithecia pithecia) and the black‐bearded saki (Chiropotes satanas satanas) for 15 and 10 months, respectively, as part of a larger study of positional behavior in the tribe Pitheciini. I used focal animal instantaneous sampling to observe the two species on separate islands in their natural habitat at Guri Lake, Venezuela. Leaping behavior correlates with patterns of forest use and body size, and differences between the species relate more to habitat preferences than to habitat differences per se. Pithecia usually chose vertical or highly angled supports of lower tree portions for take‐off and landing, and took off from a stationary posture. Chiropotes took off from the main crown or terminal branches, gaining momentum from locomotor movement before performing a leaping take‐off. Pithecia's vertical body orientation and longer leap distance allowed it to assume a mid‐flight tuck to prepare for a hindlimb‐first landing onto a solid support, and to absorb landing forces with its relatively longer hindlimbs. Chiropotes remained more pronograde throughout its leaps, and minimized landing forces by landing on all four limbs onto numerous flexible supports in the terminal branches. The smaller‐bodied P. pithecia is specialized for vertical clinging and leaping, and exhibits behavioral and morphological parallels with other vertical clingers and leapers. The larger C. satanas is a generalized leaper that lacks morphological specializations for leaping. Pithecia's use of solid supports in the lower tree portions allows it to move quietly through the forest–one of a suite of behaviors related to predator avoidance. This example of variation within one behavioral category has implications for devising locomotor classifications and interpreting fossil remains. Am. J. Primatol. 66:369–387, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined chemotherapy and teratogenicity
Authors: Paskulin Giorgio Adriano , Gazzola Zen Paulo Ricardo , de Camargo Pinto Louise Lapagesse , Rosa Rafael , Graziadio Carla 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe concomitant occurrence of breast cancer and pregnancy is relatively uncommon. We report the case of a patient with syndactyly, cleft hands, and absence of distal finger phalanges associated with maternal exposure to chemotherapeutic agents during the first trimester of pregnancy. These associations have not been previously described.CASEThe patient was born by normal delivery after 38 weeks of pregnancy. His mother became pregnant while receiving chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, 5‐fluorouracil, and adriamycin) for breast cancer, and the fetus was exposed to these drugs from conception to the 16th week of pregnancy. At birth, anomalies were observed, including a high‐arched palate, microcephaly, a flat nasal bridge, bilateral syndactyly in the first and second fingers with a hand cleft between the second and third fingers and hypoplasia of the fifth fingers, and dystrophic nail of the fourth finger of the left hand. The patient's growth and development were deficient.CONCLUSIONSThe malformations associated with in utero exposure to these chemotherapeutic agents are highly variable, but growth deficiency and anomalies of the craniofacial region and limbs are the most common. The pattern of malformations in children who were congenitally exposed to chemotherapeutic agents appears to be directly related to the age at and duration of exposure, rather than to the specific drug itself. Effective contraception is essential for the safe use of a potential teratogen in nonpregnant women of reproductive age. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow injection chemiluminescence determination of isoniazid using the lucigenin–periodate system
Authors: Du Jianxiu , Lu Jiuru 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA weak chemiluminescence (CL) signal was observed during the mixing of isoniazid with lucigenin in alkaline aqueous solution. The CL signal was enhanced more than 100 times in the presence of potassium periodate. This CL system was developed for the determination of isoniazid using a flow injection mode. The CL intensity is proportional to the concentration of isoniazid in the range 0.005–1.0 mg/L. The limit of detection is 0.0034 mg/L and the relative standard deviation is 2.0% for 0.2 mg/L isoniazid solution in 11 repeated measurements. The method was applied to the determination of isoniazid in pharmaceutical preparations and satisfactory results were obtained. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow‐injection determination of streptomycin residues in milk using the luminol–periodate–Mn2+ chemiluminescence system
Authors: Wan Guo‐Hui , Cui Hua , Zheng Hai‐Song , Pang Yong‐Qiang , Liu Li‐Juan , Yu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA novel flow‐injection method with chemiluminescence detection was developed for the determination of streptomycin residues in milk, based on the enhancement by streptomycin of the luminol–potassium periodate–Mn2+ chemiluminescence system. The assay allowed analysis of streptomycin residues in whole milk samples (∼3.5% fat) after sample work‐up procedures. The limit of detection was 5.16 × 10−9 mol/L for milk, and was far below the regulations of maximum residue limits (MRLs). The relative standard deviation (RSD) for 8.66 × 10−8 mol/L streptomycin was 1.94% (n = 15) in milk. The results obtained for the assay of streptomycin residues in milk was comparable with those obtained by the official methods (ELISA) and demonstrated good accuracy and precision. The possible mechanism is briefly discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anion–π Interactions in Cyanuric Acids: A Combined Crystallographic and Computational Study
Authors: Frontera Antonio , Saczewski Franciszek , Gdaniec Maria , Dziemidowicz‐Borys Ewa , Kurland Aleksandra , Deyà Pere M. , Quiñonero David , Garau Carolina 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSeveral structures of π complexes of isocyanuric acid and of several thio derivatives with anions have been computed by using high level ab initio calculations. The nature of the complexes has been studied by means of the method of molecular interaction potential with polarization (MIPp) and Bader's theory of atoms‐in‐molecules. These molecules form favorable complexes with anions and can be used as binding units for building receptors for the molecular recognition of anions. In several cases, the anion–π interaction has been demonstrated experimentally by means of X‐ray crystallography.
Chiral aminonaphthol‐catalyzed enantioselective carbonyl addition of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes high‐throughput screened by CD‐HPLC analysis
Authors: Xu Ling , Shen Xiumin , Zhang Cong , Mikami Koichi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractOptically active aminonaphthols derivatives 1a–d are obtained by condensation of 2‐naphthol, substituted benzaldehyde, and (S)‐methylbenzylamine under mild conditions, without side products. Their absolute configurations are determined by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. The addition of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes is considerably accelerated by the presence of a catalytic amount of crystalline 1a–d to give, after hydrolysis, the corresponding 1‐phenylpropanol in good enantiomeric purity, as determined by CD‐HPLC analysis as HTPS (high‐throughput screening). © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality 17:476–480, 2005.
Consumption of vegetables and fruits and risk of ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Mommers Monique , Schouten Leo J. , Goldbohm R. Alexandra , van den Brandt Piet A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, only a few prospective studies to date have investigated the correlation between vegetable and fruit consumption and the risk of ovarian carcinoma and their results have been inconclusive.METHODSVegetable and fruit intake was assessed in relation to ovarian carcinoma, among 62,573 postmenopausal women participating in The Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer. Women reported on dietary habits and on other risk factors for cancer in a self‐administered questionnaire in 1986. Follow‐up of cancer was implemented by annual record linkage with The Netherlands Cancer Registry and a pathology register. After 11.3 years of follow‐up, data regarding 252 incident invasive epithelial ovarian carcinoma cases and of 2216 subcohort members were available for case–cohort analyses.RESULTSMultivariable‐adjusted rate ratios (RR) of ovarian carcinoma for women in the highest compared with the lowest quintile of intake (RRQ5 vs. Q1) were 0.98 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.61–1.58) for total vegetables and 1.11 (95% CI, 0.70–1.78) for total fruit. The RRQ5 vs. Q1values of ovarian carcinoma with intake of cooked vegetables, raw vegetables, brassicas, legumes, cooked leafy vegetables, and raw leafy vegetables were 1.35 (95% CI, 0.83–2.21), 0.75 (95% CI, 0.48–1.18), 1.42 (95% CI, 0.88–2.29), 0.93 (95% CI, 0.60–1.44), 1.05 (95% CI, 0.66–1.67), and 1.23 (95% CI, 0.75–2.02), respectively. With the exception of raw endive (multivariable‐adjusted RR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07–0.78), none of the individual vegetable or fruit items showed a statistically significant association with ovarian carcinoma.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study did not support a significant association between vegetable or fruit consumption and ovarian carcinoma risk in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Incidence and risk factors for the occurrence of non‐AIDS‐defining cancers among human immunodeficiency virus‐infected individuals
Authors: Burgi Alina , Brodine Stephanie , Wegner Scott , Milazzo Mark , Wallace Mark R. , Spooner Katherine , Blazes David L. , Agan Brian K. , Armstrong Adam , Fraser Susan , Crum Nancy F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to determine the rates and predictors of non‐AIDS‐defining cancers (NADCs) among a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected individuals.METHODSThe authors conducted a retrospective study of 4144 HIV‐infected individuals who had 26,916 person‐years of follow‐up and who had open access to medical care at 1 of the United States military HIV clinics during the years 1988–2003. Cancer incidence rates were race specific and were adjusted for age; these were compared with national rates using logistic regression to assess predictors of NADC development.RESULTSOne hundred thirty‐three NADCs were diagnosed with a rate of 980 diagnoses per 100,000 person‐years. The most frequent NADCs were skin carcinomas (basal cell and squamous cell), Hodgkin disease, and anal carcinoma. The results showed that there were higher rates of melanoma, basal and squamous cell skin carcinomas, anal carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and Hodgkin disease among the HIV‐infected cohort compared with age‐adjusted rates for the general United States population. Predictors of NADCs included age older than 40 years (odds ratio [OR], 12.2; P < 0.001), Caucasian/non‐Hispanic race (OR, 2.1; P < 0.001), longer duration of HIV infection (OR, 1.2; P < 0.001), and a history of opportunistic infection (OR, 2.5; P < 0.001). The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was associated with lower rates of NADCs (OR, 0.21; P < 0.001). A low CD4 nadir or CD4 count at diagnosis (< 200 cells/mL) was not predictive of NADCs.CONCLUSIONSThe most frequent NADCs were primary skin malignancies. Melanoma, basal and squamous cell skin carcinomas, anal carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and Hodgkin disease occurred at higher rates among HIV‐infected individuals. The implementation of screening programs for these malignancies should be considered. Most risk factors for the development of NADCs are nonmodifiable; however, the use of HAART appeared to be beneficial in protecting against the development of malignant disease. Cancer 2005. Published 2005 by the American Cancer Society.
Time to stationarity for general Markov fluid models
Authors: Nabli Hédi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse the buffer content behaviour for general Markov fluid models. Departing from a uniformization‐based solution in transient regime, we deduce the steady‐state buffer content distribution and we give a simple expression measuring a time to stationarity. Moreover, for a fixed period of time, an upper bound for the absolute difference between the transient solution and the asymptotic one is proposed. As an application example, a heterogeneous fluid‐flow model is considered and analysed with our proposed method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of multilevel‐turbo codes with blind/non‐blind equalization over WSSUS multipath channels
Authors: N. Ucan Osman , Buyukatak Kenan , Gose Ersin , Osman Onur , Odabasioglu Niyazi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this paper, in order to improve error performance, we introduce a new type of turbo codes, called ‘multilevel‐turbo codes (ML‐TC)’ and we evaluate their performance over wide‐sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (WSSUS) multipath channels. The basic idea of ML‐TC scheme is to partition a signal set into several levels and to encode each level separately by a proper component of the turbo encoder. In the considered structure, the parallel input data sequences are encoded by our multilevel scheme and mapped to any modulation type such as MPSK, MQAM, etc. Since WSSUS channels are very severe fading environments, it is needed to pass the received noisy signals through non‐blind or blind equalizers before turbo decoders. In ML‐TC schemes, noisy WSSUS corrupted signal sequence is first processed in equalizer block, then fed into the first level of turbo decoder and the first sequence is estimated from this first Turbo decoder. Subsequently, the other following input sequences of the frame are computed by using the estimated input bit streams of previous levels. Here, as a ML‐TC example, 4PSK 2 level‐turbo codes (2L‐TC) is chosen and its error performance is evaluated in WSSUS channel modelled by COST 207 (Cooperation in the field of Science & Technology, Project #207). It is shown that 2L‐TC signals with equalizer blocks exhibit considerable performance gains even at lower SNR values compared to 8PSK‐turbo trellis coded modulation (TTCM). The simulation results of the proposed scheme have up to 5.5 dB coding gain compared to 8PSK‐TTCM for all cases. It is interesting that after a constant SNR value, 2L‐TC with blind equalizer has better error performance than non‐blind filtered schemes. We conclude that our proposed scheme has promising results compared to classical schemes for all SNR values in WSSUS channels. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Familial clustering of β‐cell autoimmunity in initially non‐diabetic children
Authors: Kukko Marika , Toivonen Anna , Kupila Antti , Korhonen Sari , Keskinen Päivi , Veijola Riitta , Virtanen Suvi M. , Ilonen Jorma , Simell Olli , Knip Mikael 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundType 1 diabetes is characterised by familial aggregation. We set out to explore whether β‐cell autoimmunity, which is considered to precede clinical disease, also shows familial clustering.MethodsTests for HLA DQB1 alleles (*02, *0301, *0302, *0602) and islet cell autoantibodies (ICA) were performed on 5836 children from 2283 families. When a child tested positive for ICA, all his/her previous or subsequent samples that were available were also tested for insulin autoantibodies (IAA), antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and antibodies to the IA‐2 protein (IA‐2A).ResultsForty‐four families were observed to have two or more children positive for at least ICA. This proportion (1.9%) was almost five times higher than expected (0.4%; p < 0.001). The frequency of multiple (≥2) autoantibodies also showed familial aggregation, the observed proportion (0.39%) being three times that expected (0.13%; p < 0.001). In 72.7% of the families with at least two ICA‐positive siblings, the children with autoantibodies had the same HLA DQB1 genotype. The median age difference between the ICA‐positive children within the same family was 3.3 years (range 0.0‐10.5 years), and the median time interval in the appearance of ICA within the family was 1.6 years (range 0.0‐3.2).Conclusionsβ‐cell autoimmunity, as defined by the appearance of ICA, demonstrates familial aggregation, although the antibodies do not appear in close temporal proximity or at an identical age within the same family. The HLA‐DQB1 genotypes are more often identical in siblings with autoantibodies than in other siblings. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Assembling of Semiconductor Nanocrystals
Authors: Shavel Alexey , Gaponik Nikolai , Eychmüller Alexander 
Published: August 2005

AbstractRecent accomplishments in arranging semiconductor nanoparticles in a desired manner are reviewed. Coupling mechanisms utilized for this purpose include electrostatic and covalent interactions, methods like layer‐by‐layer assembly, solvent‐controlled precipitation and surface amination for covalent attachment of nanoparticles are employed. Dipole–dipole interactions are operative in nanocrystal solids and fast Förster energy transfer is observed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A Highly Efficient Procedure for Ruthenium Tetroxide Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclizations of 1,5‐Dienes
Authors: Roth Stefanie , Göhler Sabrina , Cheng Huan , Stark Christian B. W. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe report a highly efficient procedure for the oxidative cyclization of 1,5‐dienes, which generally allows for high yields and selectivities. A solid‐supported terminal oxidant and a finely tuned solvent mixture have both been identified as critical factors for this high efficiency. As little as 0.2 mol‐% ruthenium(III) chloride as a pre‐catalyst for the ruthenium tetroxide generated in situ is required to accomplish oxidative cyclization. This exceptionally low catalyst loading, high diastereoselectivity, mild reaction conditions, and a simple workup procedure are key features of this process. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis of Substituted Diazoniapentaphene Salts by an Unexpected Rearrangement‐Cyclodehydration Sequence
Authors: Granzhan Anton , Ihmels Heiko , Mikhlina Katya , Deiseroth Hans‐Jörg , Mikus Holger 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe cyclodehydration of bis(pyridiniummethyl)methylbenzenes 3a–b in polyphosphoric acid leads to methyl‐substituted diazoniapentaphene salts 4a–b instead of linear diazoniapentacene derivatives, while the 1,3‐bis(pyridiniummethyl)bromobenzene 3d forms a semi‐betaine 4a,12a‐diazoniapentaphen‐14‐olate 4d under these conditions. The mechanistic details of this rearrangement–cyclodehydration sequence may be explained by an intramolecular ipso‐addition to the substituted benzene moiety, followed by an [1,2]‐methyl shift in case of 4a–b or HBr elimination in case of 4d. The proposed mechanism was confirmed by the isolation of the intermediate hydroxy derivative 10b from the cyclization of 3a in refluxing HBr and conversion of 10b to the final product 4a by dehydration in polyphosphoric acid. Electronic absorption and fluorescence properties of the previously unknown diazoniapentaphene salts have been studied. Photophysical properties of 4a–b resemble the ones of the parent diazoniapentaphene salts, while semi‐betaine 4d possesses a red‐shifted absorption and fluorescence maxima, along with significant solvatochromism with respect to the absorption properties. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Value of Two Noninvasive Methods to Detect Progression of Fibrosis Among HCV Carriers With Normal Aminotransferases *
Authors: Colletta Cosimo , Smirne Carlo , Fabris Carlo , Toniutto Pierluigi , Rapetti Rachele , Minisini Rosalba , Pirisi Mario 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

The course of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection carriers with normal/near-normal aminotransferases (NALT) is usually mild; however, in a few, fibrosis progression occurs. We aimed to verify whether monitoring by liver biopsy might be replaced by noninvasive methods and to identify factors associated with fibrosis progression in patients with persistently normal alanine aminotransferases. We studied 40 untreated HCV-RNA–positive subjects (22 male; median age, 44 years), who underwent two liver biopsies, with a median interval of 78.5 months, during which alanine aminotransferase concentrations (median number of determinations: 12) never exceeded 1.2 times the upper normal limit. Within 9 months from the second biopsy, they were tested by the shear elasticity probe (Fibroscan) and the artificial intelligence algorithm FibroTest. METAVIR fibrosis scores were analyzed in relationship to demographic, clinical, and viral parameters. Weighted kappa analysis was used to verify whether the results of noninvasive methods agreed with histology. Significant fibrosis (≥F2), present at the first biopsy in only one patient (2.5%), was observed at the second biopsy in 14 patients (35%). At multivariate analysis, excess alcohol consumption in the past (>20 g/d;

P

= .017) and viral load (>8.0 × 106 copies/mL;

P

= .021) were independent predictors of progression. In identifying patients with significant fibrosis, inter-rater agreement was excellent for Fibroscan (weighted kappa = 1.0), and poor for FibroTest (weighted kappa = −0.041).
In conclusion
, among HCV carriers with NALT, Fibroscan is superior to the FibroTest in the noninvasive identification of fibrosis, for which excess alcohol consumption in the past and high viral load represent risk factors. (Hepatology 2005.)
Recapitulation of In Vivo Gene Expression During Hepatic Differentiation From Murine Embryonic Stem Cells *
Authors: Yamamoto Yusuke , Teratani Takumi , Yamamoto Hanako , Quinn Gary , Murata Sigenori , Ikeda Rieko , Kinoshita Kenji , Matsubara Kenichi , Kato Takashi , Ochiya Takahiro 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Hepatic differentiation at the molecular level is poorly understood, mainly because of the lack of a suitable model. Recently, using adherent monoculture conditions, we demonstrated the direct differentiation of hepatocytes from embryonic stem (ES) cells. In this study, we exploited the direct differentiation model to compare the gene expression profiles of ES cell–derived hepatocytes with adult mouse liver using DNA microarray technology. The results showed that the ES cell–derived hepatocyte gene expression pattern is very similar to adult mouse liver. Through further analysis of gene ontology categories for the 232 most radically altered genes, we found that the significant categories related to hepatic function. Furthermore, through the use of small interfering RNA technology

in vitro

, hepatocyte nuclear factor 3β/FoxA2 was identified as having an essential role in hepatic differentiation. These results demonstrate that ES cell–derived hepatocytes recapitulate the gene expression profile of adult mouse liver to a significant degree and indicate that our direct induction system progresses via endoderm differentiation.
In conclusion
, our system closely mimics

in vivo

hepatic differentiation at the transcriptional level and could, therefore, be useful for studying the molecular basis of hepatocyte differentiation

per se.

(Hepatology 2005.)