bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of banked umbilical cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cells and lymphocyte subsets and correlation with ethnicity, birth weight, sex, and type of delivery: a Cord Blood Transplantation (COBLT) Study report
Authors: Cairo Mitchell S. , Wagner Elizabeth L. , Fraser John , Cohen Geoff , Van De Ven Carmella , Carter Shelly L. , Kernan Nancy A. , Kurtzberg Joanne 
Published: June 2005

BACKGROUND: The Cord Blood Transplantation (COBLT) Study banking program was initiated in 1996. The study goals were to develop standard operating procedures for cord blood (CB) donor recruitment and banking and to build an ethnically diverse unrelated CB bank to support a transplantation protocol.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) and lymphocyte subset (LS) content of approximately 8000 CB units were characterized, and these results were correlated with donor ethnicity, birth weight, gestational age, sex, and type of delivery.RESULTS: There was a significant correlation of CD34+ cell count with colony‐forming unit (CFU)–granulocyte‐macrophage (r = 0.68, p < 0.001), CFU–granulocyte‐erythroid‐macrophage‐megakaryocyte (r = 0.52, p < 0.001), burst‐forming unit–erythroid (BFU‐E; r = 0.61, p < 0.001), and total CFUs (r = 0.67, p < 0.001). Nucleated red blood cell count was significantly correlated with total CD34+ (r = 0.56, p < 0.001), total CFU (r = 0.50, p < 0.001), BFU‐E (r = 0.48, p < 0.001), and counts of CD34+ subsets (p < 0.001). Caucasian ethnicity was significantly correlated with higher CD3+/CD4+, CD19+, and CD16+/CD56+ LSs. Furthermore, CD34+/CD38– and CD34+/CD61+ CB units (HPC‐C) were significantly lower in African American and Asian persons compared to Caucasian and Hispanic persons. Male sex was associated with significantly fewer CD3+/CD4+, CD19+, and CD16+/CD56+ but increased CD3+/CD8+ LSs (p < 0.001). Finally, cesarean section was associated with significantly higher total CFU and CD16+/CD56+ but lower CD3+/CD4+, CD3+/CD8+, and CD19+ LSs.CONCLUSION: These results provide a standard and range for uniformly processed HPC‐C progenitor cells and LSs. CB progenitor cells and/or LSs may in the future predict for rapidity of engraftment, incidence of graft‐versus‐host disease, speed and quality of immunore‐ constitution, graft‐versus‐tumor effects, and/or success of gene transfection after CB transplantation.
Science and Technology for What?
Authors: Krone Robert M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn 1939 American scholar Robert S. Lynd first published his classic book Knowledge for What? (Lynd, 1948). It provided statements on the requirement for social science knowledge to serve policymaking. This paper addresses the requirement for science and technology education policy to undergo changes dictated by the 21st‐century environment. It also identifies the inseparable links between political governance and educational policymaking.Views of 50 global professionals were solicited for their answers to the fundamental question: Science and technology for what? Experience of the respondents was in science, technology, education, religion, defense, engineering, space, business, and government. This paper classifies and summarizes those responses, then provides the author's analysis and conclusion that humanity has reached the point in history where its long‐term future is doubtful if both policymaking and education fail to formally conclude that the answer to the question, Science and technology for what? . . . is determined to be: Global humanity.The paper, therefore, is more concerned with the strategic answers to the meta question of Science and technology for what? than the precise answers for individual science disciplines. The paper data‐reduces focus group responses into 18 categories (Figure 1), and provides only illustrative discrete uses of what education for science and technology within those categories should do. The reader will grasp the complexities of moving from strategic decisions to changes within the disciplines of science and the applications of technology.. What 50 Professionals Think about “Science & Technology for What?”: Challenges for Education Policyimageimage
Response of Danaus plexippus to pollen of two new Bt corn events via laboratory bioassay
Authors: Mattila Heather R. , Sears Mark K. , Duan Jian J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLaboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the response of first instar larvae of the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Danaidae), a non‐target species, to pollen from corn, Zea mays L. (Commelinales: Poaceae), from two new corn hybrids genetically modified to express different types of insecticidal proteins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) (Bt). One hybrid expresses both Cry1Ab and Cry2Ab2 proteins (MON 810 × MON 84006), active against lepidopteran pests, and the other expresses Cry3Bb1 protein (MON 863), targeted against coleopteran pests. First instar larvae were placed on milkweed leaves (Asclepias syriaca L.) (Gentianales: Asclepiadaceae) dusted with doses of either Bt pollen or its nonexpressing (isoline) pollen counterpart ranging from 50 to 3200 grains cm−2 of milkweed leaves, or no pollen at all. Larvae were exposed to pollen for 4 days, then moved to pollen‐free leaves and observed for another 6 days. Survival was observed after 2, 4, and 10 days. Weight gain was estimated after 4 and 10 days, leaf consumption after 2 and 4 days, and larval development after 10 days. Exposure to pollen of the Cry1Ab/Cry2Ab2‐Bt expressing hybrid reduced larval survival approximately 7.5–23.5% at the dose ranges tested relative to a no pollen control. Larval weight gain and consumption were reduced for larvae exposed to pollen of this hybrid and a small minority of larvae (3.1%) never developed past the third instar after 10 days of observation. Exposure to pollen of the Cry3Bb1‐Bt expressing hybrid had no negative effects on larval mortality, weight gain, consumption, or development relative to the consumption of Bt‐free corn pollen. The relevance of these findings to the risk that these Bt corn hybrids pose to monarch populations is discussed.
Variability in response specificity of apple, hawthorn, and flowering dogwood‐infesting Rhagoletis flies to host fruit volatile blends: implications for sympatric host shifts
Authors: E. Linn Charles , Dambroski Hattie , Nojima Satoshi , Feder Jeffrey L. , Berlocher Stewart H. , Roelofs Wendell L. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh (Diptera: Tephritidae) originating from domesticated apple (Malus pumila), hawthorn (Crataegus mollis) (Rosaceae), and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) (Cornaceae) were tested sequentially in flight‐tunnel assays to volatile blends previously identified from the three fruit types. The majority of flies flew to odor sources containing their natal blend (68–83%). Some flies from each fruit type also flew to non‐natal fruit blends (11–39%), but of these non‐natal responders the vast majority were flies that responded to their natal blend as well. The results indicate that individual flies within R. pomonella populations infesting different host types have different degrees of specificity with respect to discriminating among fruit volatile blends, and that a moderate proportion of apple, hawthorn, and dogwood flies (10–30%) are broad responders, with the capacity to recognize and orient to more than one blend. The observed variability in response specificity could facilitate sympatric shifts to new host plants.
Clinical attachment loss produced by curettes and ultrasonic scalers
Authors: Alves Renato Vasconcelos , Machion Luciana , Casati Màrcio Zaffalon , Nociti Francisco Humberto , Sallum Enilson Antonio , Sallum Antonio Wilson 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to clinically detect the immediate effect of root instrumentation with curettes and ultrasonic scalers on clinical attachment level.Material and Methods: Twelve subjects with moderate chronic periodontitis, presenting probing depths of 3.5–6.5 mm on anterior teeth, upper and/or lower, were selected. Teeth were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: US group – scaled with an ultrasonic scaler; and CC group – scaled and planed with 5–6 Gracey curettes. The selected teeth were probed with a computerized electronic probe, guided by an occlusal stent and subjected to scaling and root planing. Immediately following instrumentation, teeth were probed again. The difference between relative attachment level (RAL) immediately before and after instrumentation was considered trauma from instrumentation.Results: Intra‐group analysis revealed statistically significant differences between RAL immediately before and after instrumentation in both groups (0.77±0.51 for US group; and 0.73±0.41 for CC group, p<0.0001). However, inter‐group analysis did not show statistically significant difference in trauma from instrumentation caused by the two different instruments (p=0.816).Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it was concluded that root instrumentation causes a mean immediate attachment loss of 0.75 mm, and that instrumentation with either curettes or ultrasonic scalers do not seem to reduce significantly the trauma from of instrumentation produced.
Factors related to utilization of dental services during pregnancy
Authors: Al Habashneh Rola , Guthmiller Janet M. , Levy Steven , Johnson Georgia K. , Squier Christopher , Dawson Deborah V. , Fang Qian 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectives: The purposes of this study were to investigate factors related to utilization of dental services during pregnancy and to assess the extent of mothers' knowledge regarding oral health during pregnancy and its effect on pregnancy outcomes.Materials and Methods: Cross‐sectional data were collected from 625 women using a structured questionnaire mailed to mothers who had given birth in Johnson County, Iowa from August 2001 to March 2002. The survey assessed knowledge, behaviours, attitudes toward dental care during pregnancy, and personal, demographic and pregnancy‐related factors. Variables which showed associations in bivariate analysis (p0.1) were considered as candidates for building logistic regression models separately by domain (demographics, dental health care behaviours, lifestyle, financial variables, pregnancy‐related variables, and knowledge of the possible association between oral health and pregnancy). Significant domain‐specific regression results (p0.05) were used to develop a final model using forward stepwise logistic regression analyses.Results: The overall response rate was 69%. Dental visits during pregnancy were reported by 49% of respondents. Forty‐three percent were aware of the possible connection between oral health and pregnancy outcomes. In the final logistic regression analysis, factors significantly associated with reporting dental visits during pregnancy were: (1) personal factors (being married, greater frequency of visiting the dentist when not pregnant and use of inter‐proximal cleaning aids); (2) financial factors (dental insurance); and (3) knowledge of the possible connection between oral health and pregnancy outcomes.Conclusions: There was limited knowledge of the possible relationships between oral health and pregnancy outcomes in a fairly homogeneous population of women who were of relatively high socioeconomic standing. This study suggests that better education of the importance of dental care before and during pregnancy is needed.
Reducing variability and choosing ideal subjects for experimental gingivitis studies
Authors: Shearer Barbara , Hall Peter , Clarke Peter , Marshall Graeme , Kinane Denis F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIntroduction: This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that male, non‐smokers, aged 25–50 years, with a proven track record of developing gingivitis would provide suitable subjects for experimental gingivitis studies because the inter‐subject variation would be greatly reduced.Materials and Methods: Subjects were required to be men aged between 25 and 50 years, in good general health with at least four sound teeth in one posterior quadrant of the mandible. Subjects who were smokers, taking antibiotics, anti‐inflammatory drugs or had any other medical, surgical or social condition making participation in the study inadvisable, were excluded. Subjects had previously participated in a 21‐day experimental gingivitis study. Subjects with the most gingivitis at the end of the previous study were invited to participate first, moving down the list until the required number of subjects had been achieved. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three toothpastes: Crest Gum Care, Mentadent P or a placebo (UK Signal). Subjects were asked to brush their teeth twice daily for 1 min., with the tooth‐shield in place and containing 1 ml of their assigned toothpaste.Results: Thirty‐five subjects completed the study using the placebo, 36 used Mentadent P and 39 completed the study using Crest Gum Care. Both toothpastes containing active gum health ingredients (Triclosan and Zinc Citrate in Mentadent P and Stannous Fluoride in Crest Gum Care) resulted in statistically significant reductions in gingival bleeding and inflammation. Although a directional reduction, there was no statistically significant reduction in plaque scores. No significant differences between the two active groups were established.Conclusion: The factors that were controlled or measured and analyzed in these studies were: gender, smoking status, age and chronic gingivitis level. The results add support to the hypothesis that male subjects show less variation, however there is limited evidence linking the female menstrual cycles to variations in gingivitis status. Further research in this area is required before definitive conclusions can be made. Selecting a subject population in order to decrease variation must be undertaken with caution. A subject population selected for particular attributes can be extremely valuable when assessing the anti‐gingivitis potential of new agents, but this population would be as biased if used for large efficacy clinical trials. The data obtained will not necessarily be able to be generalized, that is, applicable to the whole population. However there is sufficient evidence to justify balancing for (or excluding) smokers from subject populations in experimental gingivitis studies.
In vitro studies of a degradable device for controlled‐release of meloxicam
Authors: Çetin Emel Ö. , Buduneli Nurcan , Atlıhan Evren , Kırılmaz Levent 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackground: Plaque biofilm and associated host responses are the primary factors in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Delivery of medications directly into the periodontal pockets to suppress or eradicate the pathogenic microbiota or modulate the inflammatory response has attracted significant interest to limit periodontal tissue destruction. The aim of the present study was twofold: (1) to describe the development of a biodegradable controlled‐release device containing meloxicam as the therapeutic agent and (2) to evaluate the in vitro release of meloxicam from this device into different release media.Methods: Films of cross‐linked gelatin matrix containing meloxicam were prepared, hardened for various time periods and cut in a form to fit to the periodontal pocket anatomy. The release of active agents was studied separately in 10 ml distilled water, artificial saliva and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer at 37°C. Apparatus Vibrax was used at 120 r.p.m. Determinations were carried out spectrophotometrically, and the release profiles were plotted as a function of time. The results were evaluated by the similarity test.Results: The release rates of meloxicam from the hardened (1h, 4h, 8 h) formulations were slower than the unhardened formulation in all the three release media. Increasing the hardening time decreased the release rates. The overall release rates were similar in artificial saliva and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer, while it was lower in distilled water.Conclusions: As a conclusion, cross‐linked gelatin matrix films may be considered as a suitable inert material for obtaining a prolonged local release of meloxicam as an adjunct to the mechanical periodontal treatment. As required, further in vitro and in vivo studies will be performed before starting clinical applications of this controlled‐release formulation of the anti‐inflammatory agent.
Thickness of gingiva in association with age, gender and dental arch location
Authors: Vandana K. L. , Savitha B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackground: It has been long known that the clinical appearance of healthy marginal periodontium differs from subject to subject and even among different tooth types. Many features are genetically determined; others seem to be influenced by tooth size, shape and position and biological phenomena such as gender, growth and age.Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the thickness of facial gingiva among Indians and its association with age, gender and dental arch.Methods: The study group included 16 males and 16 females with an age range of 16–38 years. Gingival thickness was assessed in the maxillary and mandibular anteriors by transgingival probing.Results: It was observed that the younger age group had significantly thicker gingiva than that of the older age group. The gingiva was found to be thinner in females than males and, in the mandibular arch than the maxilla.Conclusion: In the present study, it was concluded that gingival thickness varies according to age, gender and dental arch.
Healing of intra‐bony defects following treatment with a composite bovine‐derived xenograft (Bio‐Oss Collagen) in combination with a collagen membrane (Bio‐Gide PERIO)
Authors: Sculean Anton , Chiantella Giovanni C. , Windisch Péter , Arweiler Nicole B. , Brecx Michel , Gera István 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAim: The purpose of the present study was to compare clinically the treatment of deep intra‐bony defects with a combination of a composite bovine‐derived xenograft (BDX Coll) and a bioresorbable collagen membrane [guided tissue regeneration (GTR)] to access flap surgery only.Methods: Thirty‐two patients, each of whom displayed one intra‐bony defect, were treated either with BDX Coll+GTR (test) or with access flap surgery (control). The results were evaluated at 1 year following therapy.Results: No differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed at baseline between the two groups. Healing was uneventful in all patients. At 1 year after therapy, the test group showed a reduction in the mean probing depth (PD) from 8.3±1.5 to 2.9±1.3 mm (p<0.001) and a change in the mean clinical attachment level (CAL) from 9.4±1.3 to 5.3±1.5 mm (p<0.0001). In the control group, the mean PD was reduced from 8.0±1.2 to 4.4±1.7 mm (p<0.001) and the mean CAL changed from 9.6±1.3 to 7.9±1.6 mm (p<0.01). The test treatment resulted in statistically higher PD reductions (p0.05) and CAL gains (p<0.001) than the control one. In the test group, all sites (100%) gained at least 3 mm of CAL. In this group, a CAL gain of 3 or 4 mm was measured at 10 sites (62%), whereas at six sites (38%), the CAL gain was 5 or 6 mm. In the control group, no CAL gain occurred at three sites (19%), whereas at 10 sites (62%), the CAL gain was only 1 or 2 mm. A CAL gain of 3 mm was measured in three defects (19%).Conclusions: Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that the combination of BDX Coll+GTR resulted in significantly higher CAL gains than treatment with access flap surgery alone, and thus appears to be a suitable alternative for treating intra‐bony periodontal defects.
A regimen of systematic periodontal care after removal of impacted mandibular third molars manages periodontal pockets associated with the mandibular second molars
Authors: Leung W. Keung , Corbet Esmonde F. , Kan Kwok Wing , Lo Edward C. M. , Liu Jerry K. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAim: This randomized, single‐blinded control trial investigated the local effects of periodontal care on the mandibular second molar delivered during and after impacted third molar surgical extraction.Method: Thirty subjects (50% male, 32.1±7.8 years) out of 35 enrolled, with a mesio‐angular impacted mandibular third molar, having probing pocket depth (PPD) >5 mm at adjacent second molar distal, and crestal radio‐lucency between the two teeth, completed the study. Oral hygiene instruction, scaling and caries stabilization were performed before surgery. Controls (n=16) had their third molar extracted followed by standard socket debridement. Test group subjects (n=14) received the same treatment, except that before wound closure the operator was informed of the group allocation and ultrasonic root debridement on the second molar was performed, followed by a three‐visit plaque control programme.Results: Six months post‐extraction, statistically significantly (p<0.007) better plaque control and shallower probing depths were observed at test second molars' distal (%plaque=21; PPD=3.2±1.2 mm) than at control second molars (%plaque=88; PPD=5.2±0.7 mm).Conclusions: The periodontal interventions investigated prevented residual pockets on periodontally involved second molars 6 months after ipsilateral impacted mandibular third molar removal.
Chemical sympathectomy inhibits periodontal disease in Fischer 344 rats
Authors: Breivik Torbjørn , Gundersen Yngvar , Opstad Per Kristian , Fonnum Frode 
Published: June 2005

Objective:  The responsiveness of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis plays a major role in immune regulation and for the outcome of infections and inflammatory disorders. This study was designed to investigate whether chemical SNS denervation with the noradrenaline‐selective neurotoxic drug 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA), which destroys peripheral noradrenaline terminals, would influence immune responses to Gram‐negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, and the progression of ligature‐induced periodontal disease in Fischer 344 rats.Material and methods:  6‐OHDA (40–60 µg/kg) or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) on days 1, 3 and 5, 10 days before application of the ligatures, and thereafter weekly in doses of 80 µg/kg. Periodontal disease was assessed when the ligatures had been in place for 49 days. At 24 and 2 h before decapitation, all rats received LPS (150 µg/kg i.p.) to induce a robust immune and HPA axis response.Results:  The 6‐OHDA‐treated rats showed significantly reduced bone loss as measured by digital X‐rays (p < 0.01), and enhanced levels of the cytokines transforming growth factor‐β (p = 0.05) and interleukin‐6 (p = 0.05), as well as the HPA axis derived hormone corticosterone (p = 0.01), induced by LPS stimulation.Conclusions:  6‐OHDA‐induced chemical sympathectomy inhibits ligature‐induced periodontal disease in this model. This effect may be attributable to the well‐documented ability of the SNS to regulate immune system function primarily via the adrenergic neurotransmitter noradrenaline released at sympathetic nerve terminals. The enhanced HPA axis activation may be a compensatory response that reduces the T helper (Th)2 to Th1 skewing effect of treatment with 6‐OHDA.