bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors for chronic opioid use in patients with inflammatory bowel disease – a population based cohort study
Authors: Nørgård Bente Mertz , Thorarinsson Caroline Thingholm , Nielsen Jan , Dalal Rahul S. , Andersen Mette Louise , Lund Ken , Friedman Sonia , Knudsen Torben , Kjeldsen Jens 
Published: February 2025

Background:
A significant proportion of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) become opioid users, but data pertaining to predictors of chronic opioid use remain sparse.

Objective:
We examined predictors for chronic opioid use in CD/UC.

Design:
A nationwide cohort study based on Danish registries, comprising incident patients with CD/UC (≥ 18 years) from January 1, 1996-December 31, 2021. Chronic opioid use was defined as >1 prescriptions in at least two of three consecutive quarters. Cox regression models were used to estimate adjusted Hazard Ratios (aHRs) for predictors for chronic opioid use. Several variables and time-varying covariates (IBD surgery, IBD and psychotropic medications) were included.

Results:
In 15,092 CD patients, 4,141 (27.4%) became chronic opioid users (median follow up 7.35 years, 25%-75% percentiles (IQR) 3.40-13.66 years). The three most important predictors were surgery (4.20, 95% CI 3.72-4.75), hypnotics/sedatives (2.02, 95% CI 1.81-2.25), and age > 50 years (1.92, 95% CI 1.77-2.09). In 30,416 UC patients, 6,777 (22.3%) became chronic users (median follow up 8.80 years, IQR 4.20-15.22 years). The three most important predictors were surgery (4.81, 95% CI 4.20-5.52), age > 50 years (2.62 (95% CI 2.44-2.82), and hypnotics/sedatives (2.11, 95% CI 1.95-2.29).

Conclusion:
An alarming proportion of patients became chronic opioid users. These results are helpful to risk-stratify patients to prevent chronic opioid use. Clinicians should be particularly attentive in patients who have had surgery, who use hypnotics/sedatives, and who are elderly. We need evidence regarding pain management strategies, efficacy of non-opioid analgesics, and opioid cessation strategies.
Inequalities in developing cirrhosis complications over time: A cohort study
Authors: Cholankeril George , Taylor Thomas , Kramer Jennifer R. , Liu Yan , Hernaez Ruben , Patidar Kavish R. , Flores Avegail , Lee Tzu-Hao , Rana Abbas , Samuel Ronald , Asch Steven , Kanwal Fasiha 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Current knowledge of cirrhosis progression is derived from outdated data. We examined the progression patterns of cirrhosis in a contemporary cohort.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients diagnosed with compensated cirrhosis at 130 Veterans Affairs healthcare facilities from 10/1/2010 to 08/30/2015, with follow-up through 08/31/2023. A semi-Markov multistate model with 7 states and 15 transitions was used to evaluate progression from compensated cirrhosis to ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal bleeding, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), multiple complications, or death, considering age and etiology (cured/active HCV, alcohol, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease [MASLD]) as time-varying factors. Results: We identified 24,679 patients with compensated cirrhosis. Over a median follow-up of 5.3 years, 49.8% progressed to a single complication, with ascites (30.3%) being the most common, and 3.1% progressed to multiple complications. A total of 12.9% transitioned directly to death from non-liver-related causes, while 26% remained compensated. The two-year risk of transitioning to death was 13.5%, exceeding the risk of any complication state. Younger patients and those with alcohol-related cirrhosis had faster progression, while older patients and those with active HCV had a higher incidence of HCC. Transition rates were similar for patients with alcohol and MASLD.

Discussion:
In a contemporary cirrhosis cohort, half of patients progressed, while others remain compensated, and a large fraction transitioned directly to death, with age and etiology significantly influencing outcomes. These data highlight the importance of interventions in the high-yield period before the first complication.
Positive pressure ventilation improves oxygen saturation at altitude during recreational aviation: A pilot study
Authors: Taylor Jenna L. , Downs Aidan K. , Danner Crystal L. , Downs J. Hunter , Donkor Josh , Johnston Jessica I. , Rozendaal Douglas , Larsen Peter L. , Johnson Bruce D. , Summerfield Douglas T. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimWe investigated whether a commercial bi‐level positive airway pressure (BPAP) device, would improve peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) during recreational aviation up to 12,500 feet without supplemental oxygen. Ten adults with recreational flight experience (age:47 ± 14; female = 5) completed a standardized flight profile in an unpressurised aircraft, involving randomized crossover design at 8,000 feet and 12,500 feet with BPAP or control. SpO2, middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and relative tidal volume (TV) index were measured continuously. Psychomotor vigilance test (3‐min) assessed reaction time halfway through taxi and altitude stages. Altitude significantly (p < 0.05) decreased mean SpO2, MCAv, and RR, and increased TV index and HR. There was no effect of altitude (p > 0.05) on reaction time. BPAP increased mean SpO2 at 8,000 feet [Control: 92 ± 1%; BPAP: 94 ± 2%; mean difference (MD) = 2 ± 2%; p = 0.002] and 12,500 feet [Control: 86 ± 4%; BPAP: 89 ± 4%; MD = 2 ± 3%; p = 0.013]. BPAP lowered MCAv at 8,000 feet [Control: 53 ± 10 cm/s; BPAP: 50 ± 9 cm/s; MD = ‐3 ± 2 cm/s; p = 0.001] and 12,500 feet [Control: 52 ± 10 cm/s; BPAP: 50 ± 8 cm/s; MD = ‐2 ± 3 cm/s; p = 0.041]. BPAP increased TV index at 8,000 feet (Control: 6.6 ± 1.3; BPAP:8.1 ± 1.8; MD = 1.9 ± 0.8; p < 0.001) but not 12,500 feet, without effect on RR or reaction time. This study provides preliminary results that BPAP may improve mean SpO2 for recreational aviators up to 12,500 feet without supplemental oxygen.
An allegory of Fama and Historia: rumor studies, collective memory, and semiotics
Authors: Song Hongjin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Compared with history, which is a compendium of statements of what happened in human past, rumors are a fleeting phenomenon that escapes scholarship from historiography. However, rumors, as the manifestation of local beliefs and the power relationships at the time, can expand the horizons of history by providing decentralized perspectives towards various events. The semiotic relationship between rumor and collective memory delves into respective cultures of social groups on both synchronic and diachronic planes. On the one hand, collective memory provides an integrated framework of rumor studies, which can be stratified by different layers, reaching different depths of the collective concern. On the other hand, it can contextualize rumors in the rich archive of cultural texts preceding rumor texts. In this regard, collective memory functions both as the corpus for rumor discourses to generate and as the context for such discourses to mesmerize the public by pre-selecting the audience as model readers, especially under a particular social concern. Moreover, these discourses can be sedimented for future recurrence of rumors of the same schema under certain social circumstances, which demonstrates the dynamics of culture as new rumor texts are generated out of the cultural context. Rumors, therefore, are framed in cultural history, which leads to further discussions on explosion as a cultural phenomenon.
Verbesserte luftakustische Diagnose von Druckluftleckage mithilfe merkmalsbasierter maschineller Lernverfahren
Authors: Diaz Ocampo Daniel , Lyashenko Mariya , von Dosky Stefan , Heizmann Michael 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Druckluftsysteme sind ein wichtiger Bestandteil der technischen Infrastruktur in einer industriellen Anlage. Ebenso ist Druckluft ein sehr teurer Energieträger in der Industrie. In jedem Drucklufterzeugungs- und -verteilsystem treten Leckagen auf, die den Energieverbrauch und somit die entstehenden Kosten unnötig erhöhen können. Die frühzeitige Erkennung von Leckagen und die Minimierung von Leckagemengen ist daher essenziell für den wirtschaftlichen Betrieb von Anlagen. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Methode zur Erkennung von Druckluftleckagen vorgestellt. Auf der Grundlage von Merkmalen, die aus luftakustischen Signalen gewonnen werden, findet die Klassifikation von Leckagen statt. Dabei kommt eine Vielzahl von Merkmalen, u. a. statistische Merkmale und Merkmale zur Beschreibung der spektralen Energieverteilung zum Einsatz. Die am besten geeignetsten Merkmale können mittels einer Varianzanalyse ausgewählt werden. Für die Klassifikation erweist sich ein naiver Bayes-Klassifikator als geeignet. Ergebnisse an Testdaten aus einer experimentellen Anlage zeigen die sehr gute Eignung der Vorgehensweise.
Effective medium theory of a concentric metamaterial bifunctional cloak
Authors: Rybin Oleg , Raza Muhammad , Shulga Sergey , Rehman Najma Abdul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates a bifunctional cloak composed of concentric metamaterials arranged in 4N thin layers, where N denotes the number of periodic layer pairs within the structure. The structure includes an inner circular domain, an outer domain, and alternating sequences of 2N layers between them. We explore two models: one using isotropic materials and another one using anisotropic materials. The anisotropic model demonstrates superior cloaking performance for both electrical and thermal fields. Analytical solutions based on the Effective Medium Theory and boundary-value problems reveal the structure’s response under quasi-static conditions. Numerical simulations using COMSOL validate these findings, highlighting the cloak’s and concentration’s ability to manipulate external thermal and electric fields efficiently.
Insight into in vitro thymidine phosphorylase and in silico molecular docking studies: identification of hybrid thiazole bearing Schiff base derivatives
Authors: Mumtaz Sundas , Rahim Fazal , Hussain Rafaqat , Khan Shoaib , Abid Obaid Ur Rahman , Sardar Asma , Iqbal Tayyiaba , Islam Mohammad Shahidul , Almutairi Tahani Mazyad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In pursuit of effective thymidine phosphorylase inhibitors, a series of hybrid analogs of thiazole-hydrazone derivatives (1–15) were synthesized and evaluated for their enzyme inhibitory potential using 7-deazaxanthine as a positive control. The goal was to determine these derivatives’ effectiveness in suppressing thymidine phosphorylase activity, a target relevant to antitumor strategies due to the enzyme’s role in angiogenesis and tumor growth. Biological evaluations indicated that all synthesized analogs displayed significant to moderate inhibitory activity, with IC50 values between 3.93 ± 0.90 and 25.75 ± 4.30 µM. Particularly, compounds 12, 9, and 28 exhibited superior potency, with IC50 values of 3.93 ± 0.90, 4.10 ± 1.10, and 4.50 ± 1.10 µM, respectively, surpassing the standard inhibitor 7-deazaxanthine (IC50 = 16.8 ± 2.20 µM). Additionally, molecular docking studies were performed to elucidate the binding interactions of the synthesized thiazole-hydrazone derivatives with the active site of thymidine phosphorylase. The docking results aligned well with experimental data, revealing favorable binding conformations and significant interactions that support the observed inhibitory activities, particularly in the most potent compounds. These findings underscore the promise of thiazole-hydrazone derivatives as effective thymidine phosphorylase inhibitors, suggesting that targeted structural modifications could further enhance their activity. Further investigations, including in vivo studies, are warranted to explore their potential applications in anticancer therapies. This study highlights the valuable role of molecular docking in understanding the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of thiazole-hydrazone derivatives, emphasizing the potential of these compounds in advancing thymidine phosphorylase inhibition strategies for therapeutic purposes.
Kölliker's Organ Functions as a Developmental Hub in Mouse Cochlea regulating spiral limbus and tectorial membrane development
Authors: Zhang Hongji , Papiernik Timothy , Tian Selena , Yaghmour Amal , Alzein Ahmad , Lennon James Benjamin , Maini Rahul , Tan Xiaodong , Niazi Ava , Park Joosang , Park Sungjin , Richter Claus-Peter , Ebeid Michael 
Published: February 2025

Kölliker's organ is a transient developmental structure in the mouse cochlea that undergoes significant remodeling postnatally. Utilizing an epithelial-specific conditional deletion mouse model ofPrdm16(marker and regulator of Kölliker's organ), we show thatPrdm16is required for interdental cell development, and thereby the development of the limbal domain of the tectorial membrane and its medial anchorage to the spiral limbus. Additionally, we show that Kölliker's organ is involved in normal tectorial membrane collagen fibril development and maturation. Interestingly, mesenchymal cells of the spiral limbus underneathPrdm16-deficient Kölliker's organ failed to produce interstitial matrix proteins, resulting in a hypoplastic and truncated spiral limbus, indicating a non-cell autonomous role ofPrdm16in regulating spiral mesenchymal matrix development. Single cell RNA sequencing identified differentially expressed genes inPrdm16-deficient Kölliker’s organ suggesting a role for connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) downstreamPrdm16in epithelial-mesenchymal signaling involved in spiral limbus matrix deposition.Prdm16-deficient mice showed a hearing deficit, as indicated by elevated auditory brain stem response thresholds at most frequencies, consistent with the cochlear structural defects. Both sexes were studied. This work establishesPrdm16as a deafness gene in mice through its role in regulating Kölliker’s organ development. Such understanding recognizes Kölliker’s organ as a developmental hub regulating multiple surrounding cochlear structures.Significance StatementIn this study, we show that the Kölliker’s organ functions as a developmental hub that orchestrates the development of tectorial membrane and spiral limbus during cochlear development. Utilizing a mouse model of conditional deletion ofPrdm16(marker and regulator of Kölliker’s organ), we establishPrdm16’snecessity for hearing in mice through its many roles during cochlear development including permitting interdental cell development and thereby the formation of the tectorial membrane limbal domain, secreting collagens essential for tectorial membrane matrix development, and signaling to the underlying mesenchyme to secrete extracellular matrix and develop the spiral limbus.
In Guaraní Lands: Paraguay as a Brazilian Tourist Destination in the Magazines and Newspapers of Brazil and Paraguay during the Stroessner Era
Authors: Chesterton Bridget M. 
Published: February 2025

The regime of Alfredo Stroessner (1954-1989) hoped to attract Brazilian tourists to Paraguay. This was a dramatic change from attracting Argentine tourists in the early twentieth century. This article argues that while the government desired Brazilian tourists, there was limited information for potential Brazilian tourists to access in Brazil and in Portuguese. Nevertheless, it is possible to reconstruct some tourist destinations and activities for Brazilian tourists from Brazilian newspaper and magazine articles, a few surviving copies of a Portuguese-language tourist guide to Paraguay, Carta del Paraguay, and technical reports. This article argues that while Brazilians had little interest in travel to Paraguay, some did make the journey to their neighboring nation and most likely enjoyed the attractions and destinations suggested by the press.
Postmortem Analysis of Ethyl Alcohol Concentration in Blood, Urine, Muscle and Bile
Authors: Okulevičiūtė Agnė , Chmieliauskas Sigitas , Laubner-Sakalauskienė Gabija , Badaras Robertas , Laima Sigitas , Vasiljevaitė Diana , Stasiūnienė Jurgita 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The determination of ethyl alcohol concentration in body fluids is an important investigation in forensic practice. To avoid postmortem changes in blood alcohol concentration, the test substance must be transported in special media enriched with sodium fluoride or potassium oxalate. When interpreting changes in concentrations in the body, it is important to assess not only the blood but also other body fluids or tissues.Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted from 2016 to 2023, evaluating data from nonconsecutive 378 autopsies from the State Forensic Medical Service of Lithuania. The study analyzed ethyl alcohol concentrations in blood, urine, muscle and bile. Toxicological data were processed using R commander statistical software. The study aimed to assess the changes, patterns, and correlations of ethyl alcohol concentrations in different body fluids after death.Results: When the ethyl alcohol concentrations of the different body fluids from the autopsies were evaluated, the urine ethyl alcohol concentration was in 86% cases higher than the blood ethyl alcohol concentration, with a mean difference of 0.51‰. There is a strong correlation between blood and urine ethyl alcohol concentrations, r = 0.93, p < 0.05. The ethyl alcohol concentration in muscle was 75% higher than in blood with a mean difference of 0.06‰. Ethyl alcohol concentration in bile was 90% higher than in blood with a mean difference of 0.14‰. The difference between ethyl alcohol concentrations in bile and muscle was not significant, with a mean difference of 0.07‰.Conclusions: In addition to blood and urine, muscle and bile samples may be taken at autopsy to detect ethyl alcohol. The results of the study show that there may be differences in the levels of ethyl alcohol in different body fluids after death. These data are therefore important for the assessment of ethyl alcohol concentrations in both clinical and forensic practice.
STUDYING ZINC OXIDE/COPPER OXIDE/CADMIUM SELENIDE NANOSTRUCTURES FOR LIGHT EMITTING DIODES
Authors: Abdul-Ameer Zehraa N. 
Published: February 2025

The synthesis of zinc oxide, copper oxide, and cadmium selenide as a heterostructure was conducted using a simple co-precipitation method. Structural, optical, and electrical properties were investigated. XRD patterns show hexagonal form for ZnO, cubic for CuO, and wurtzite for CdSe, with an average particle size of 18.5, 22.3, and 38.2 nm for ZnO, CuO, and CdSe, respectively. SEM images show ZnO crystals with a nanorod shape and CuO and CdSe nanoparticles with nano-branch agglomerations in all directions. Optical properties exhibit a redshift in absorbance (460 nm) with photoluminescence peaks at 500 nm for the heterostructure and a broadened band gap (2.5 eV). In light, the heterostructure shows increased light absorption, leading to enhanced electron-hole production and an exponential increase in forward current. These results enhance the success of fabrication of high-amplification light-emitting diodes.
Liposomal and free essential oil of rosemary as antifungal and antibacterial agent in salad dressing
Authors: Chitsaz Esfahani Z. , Ebrahimipour Gh. , Khoshtinat Kh. , Khosravi-Darani K. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNatural preservatives are a suitable alternative to chemical preservatives in the food industry. To overcome its hydrophobic nature, insolubility in water, and degradation of free essential oils, liposomal encapsulation can be applied. In this study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of free as well as liposomal rosemary essential oils (REO) were measured using disk diffusion and serial dilution method for Escherichia (E.) coli, Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, Salmonella (S.) enterica, Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum, Aspergillus (A.) niger, and Saccharomyces (S.) cerevisiae. The antimicrobial properties of free and encapsulated essential oils were compared with sodium benzoate during thirty days of storage. Also, the release pattern of REO from liposomes was studied using dialysis membranes during the 30 days of storage. The results showed that the MIC of free and encapsulated REO is in the range of 3.5–5% and 5–6.5%, respectively. Gram+ Staphylococcus aureus was identified as the most sensitive, while Escherichia coli was the most resistant among the tested microorganisms to the essential oils. During refrigerated storage, free REO and sodium benzoate did not show any significant difference in antimicrobial properties (P > 0.05), while encapsulated REO significantly reduced the number of microorganisms in stored salad dressing (P ≤ 0.05).
Efecto de un programa de descansos activos en el bienestar físico, cognitivo y mental de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Cifo-Izquierdo María Isabel , García-Marín Pablo , Arcas-Navarro Francisco Javier , Ureña-Ortín Nuria 
Published: February 2025

This study addresses the problem of a sedentary lifestyle among university students, a public health concern that contradicts the recommendations of the World Health Organization and the 2030 Agenda. The objective was to analyze the impact of active breaks in a sample of university students on their physical, cognitive and mental well-being. The sample consisted of 89 students enrolled in the Early Childhood Education Degree. The program was conducted over a period of 8 weeks, had a duration of 10 minutes and was performed after 20-30 minutes of a sedentary academic class. The active breaks were structured in 3 phases (initial, main and final) and 3 types: 1) focused exclusively on physical exercise, 2) combining physical exercise with academic content specific to the degree and 3) focused on relaxation and attention. A subjective perception questionnaire was used to evaluate the physical, cognitive, and mental condition of the students, which was complemented by teacher observation. The results revealed improvements in the physical well-being of the legs, back, neck, and shoulders, and increased concentration, receptivity, and memory. In addition, greater mental stability and motivation were observed, although without a significant increase in alertness. The teacher positively valued the reduction in sedentary time and the increase in physical activity, highlighting the use of active breaks with academic content. It was concluded that active breaks are an effective strategy to reduce sedentary time and improve the physical and mental health of students, suggesting their adoption by other educational institutions. The integration of academic content in active breaks offers a dual pedagogical and health function, promoting healthy habits and contributing to the health and education goals of the 2030 Agenda.
Requisitos metodológicos para o desenvolvimento de modelagem modificável, multifuncional ou reversível para o vestuário adulto
Authors: Silva Marcelo 
Published: February 2025

O presente trabalho tem o intuito de desenvolver pré-requisitos metodológicos para a construção da modelagem de peças de vestuário considerando o conceito de modularidade. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa e análise de métodos, metodologias e pré-requisitos de modelagem, estudos sobre o conceito modular e suas formas de aplicação ao vestuário e por fim, com o resultado, foi elaborado requisitos metodológicos para o desenvolvimento de modelagem modificável e reversível, tendo como estudo de caso o processo de construção de uma jaqueta bomber, modificável, multifuncional ou reversível, apresentando, assim, um exemplo prático de aplicação dos requisitos propostos. Metodologicamente foi contemplada a pesquisa bibliográfica, exploratória e empírica. Como resultado, destaca-se um quadro de pré-requisitos estabelecidos para a construção de modelagem com o conceito modular e os mesmo foram aplicados de forma prática no desenvolvimento de uma jaqueta bomber transformável.