bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between maternal dupilumab exposure and pregnancy outcomes in patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Avallone Gianluca , Cavallo Francesco , Tancredi Annalisa , Maronese Carlo A. , Bertello Martina , Fraghì Alessandro , Conforti Claudio , Calabrese Giulia , Di Nicola Matteo R. , Oddenino Giorgio A. , Gargiulo Luigi , Gori Niccolò , Loi Camilla , Romita Paolo , Piras Viviana , Bonzano Laura , Tolino Ersilia , Paolino Giovanni , Napolitano Maddalena , Patruno Cataldo , Nettis Eustachio , Ferreli Caterina , Roccuzzo Gabriele , Marozio Luca , Silvio Martina , Russo Filomena , Bettolini Luca , Gallo Rosella , Mercuri Santo R. , Mastorino Luca , Rossi Mariateresa , Zalaudek Iris , Argenziano Giuseppe , Trave Ilaria , Costanzo Antonio , Chiricozzi Andrea , Gurioli Carlotta , Foti Caterina , Potenza Concetta , Ferrucci Silvia M. , Balato Anna , Parodi Aurora , Marzano Angelo V. , Ortoncelli Michela , Ribero Simone , Quaglino Pietro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited epidemiological evidence on outcomes associated with dupilumab exposure during pregnancy; monitoring pregnancy outcomes in large populations is required.ObjectiveTo investigate the potential association between exposure to dupilumab in pregnant women with atopic dermatitis and any adverse pregnancy, neonatal, congenital and post‐partum outcomes.MethodsWe performed a multicentre retrospective cohort study across 19 Italian tertiary referral hospital. Childbearing women were eligible if aged 18–49 years and carried out the pregnancy between 1 October 2018 and 1 September 2022.ResultsWe retrospectively screened records of 5062 patients receiving dupilumab regardless of age and gender, identifying 951 female atopic dermatitis patients of childbearing age, 29 of whom had been exposed to the drug during pregnancy (3%). The median duration of dupilumab treatment prior to conception was 22.5 weeks (range: 3–118). The median time of exposure to the drug during pregnancy was 6 weeks (range: 2–24). All the documented pregnancies were unplanned, and the drug was discontinued in all cases once pregnancy status was reported. The comparison of the study cohort and the control group found no significant drug‐associated risk for adverse pregnancy, congenital, neonatal or post‐partum outcomes. The absence of a statistically significant effect of exposure on the event was confirmed by bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis adjusted for other confounding factors.ConclusionsThis cohort of pregnant patients exposed to dupilumab adds to the existing evidence concerning the safety of biologic agents in pregnancy. No safety issues were identified regarding the primary outcome assessed. In clinical practice, these data provide reassurance in case of dupilumab exposure during the first trimester. However, the continuous use of dupilumab throughout pregnancy warrants further research.
Acetylated tau exacerbates apoptosis by disturbing mitochondrial dynamics in HEK293 cells
Authors: Zhang Jun‐Fei , Fang Zhi‐Ting , Zhao Jun‐Ning , Liu Gong‐Ping , Shen Xin , Jiang Gao‐Feng , Liu Qian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn increase in tau acetylation at K274 and K281 and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics have been observed in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Here, we constructed three types of tau plasmids, TauKQ (acetylated tau mutant, by mutating its K274/K281 into glutamine to mimic disease‐associated lysine acetylation), TauKR (non‐acetylated tau mutant, by mutating its K274/K281 into arginine), and TauWT (wild‐type human full‐length tau). By transfecting these tau plasmids in HEK293 cells, we found that TauWT and TauKR induced mitochondrial fusion by increasing the level of mitochondrial fusion proteins. Conversely, TauKQ induced mitochondrial fission by reducing mitochondrial fusion proteins, exacerbating mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. BGP‐15 ameliorated TauKQ‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis by improving mitochondrial dynamics. Our findings suggest that acetylation of K274/281 represents an important post‐translational modification site regulating mitochondrial dynamics, and that BGP‐15 holds potential as a therapeutic agent for mitochondria‐associated diseases such as AD.image
Temporal involvement of phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate 5‐kinase γ in differentiation of Z‐bands and myofilament bundles as well as intercalated discs in mouse heart at mid‐gestation
Authors: Ratchatasunthorn A. , Sakagami H. , Kondo H. , Hipkaeo W. , Chomphoo S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractConsidering the occurrence of serious heart failure in a gene knockout mouse of PIP5Kγ and in congenital abnormal cases in humans in which the gene was defective as reported by others, the present study attempted to localize PIP5Kγ in the heart during prenatal stages. It was done on the basis of the supposition that phenotypes caused by gene mutation of a given molecule are owed to the functional deterioration of selective cellular sites normally expressing it at significantly higher levels in wild mice. PIP5Kγ‐immunoreactivity was the highest in the heart at E10 in contrast to almost non‐significant levels of the immunoreactivity in surrounding organs and tissues such as liver. The immunoreactivity gradually weakened in the heart with the prenatal age, and it was at non‐significant levels at newborn and postnatal stages. Six patterns in localization of distinct immunoreactivity for PIP5Kγ were recognized in cardiomyocytes: (1) its localization on the plasma membranes and subjacent cytoplasm without association with short myofibrils and (2) its localization on them as well as short myofibrils in association with them in cardiomyocytes of early differentiation at E10; (3) its spot‐like localization along long myofibrils in cardiomyocytes of advanced differentiation at E10; (4) rare occurrences of such spot‐like localization along long myofibrils in cardiomyocytes of advanced differentiation at E14; (5) its localization at Z‐bands of long myofibrils; and (6) its localization at intercellular junctions including the intercalated discs in cardiomyocytes of advanced differentiation at E10 and E14, especially dominant at the latter stage. No distinct localization of PIP5Kγ‐immunoreactivity of any patterns was seen in the heart at E18 and P1D. The present finding suggests that sites of PIP5Kγ‐appearance and probably of its high activity in cardiomyocytes are shifted from the plasma membranes through short myofibrils subjacent to the plasma membranes and long myofibrils, to Z‐bands as well as to the intercalated discs during the mid‐term gestation. It is further suggested that PIP5Kγ is involved in the differentiation of myofibrils as well as intercellular junctions including the intercalated discs at later stages of the mid‐term gestation. Failures in its involvement in the differentiation of these structural components are thus likely to cause the mid‐term gestation lethality of the mutant mice for PIP5Kγ.
Quantifying shrub–shrub competition in drylands using aerial imagery and a novel landscape competition index
Authors: Wojcikiewicz Robert , Ji Wenjie , Hanan Niall P. 
Published: January 2024

Summary

The Jornada Basin Long‐Term Ecological Research Site (JRN‐LTER, or JRN) is a semiarid grassland–shrubland in southern New Mexico, USA. The role of intraspecific competition in constraining shrub growth and establishment at the JRN and in arid systems, in general, is an important question in dryland studies.

Using information on shrub distributions and growth habits at the JRN, we present a novel landscape‐scale (c. 1 ha) metric (the ‘competition index’, CI), which quantifies the potential intensity of competitive interactions. We map and compare the intensity of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa, Torr.) competition spatially and temporally across the JRN‐LTER, investigating associations of CI with shrub distribution, density, and soil types.

The CI metric shows strong correlation with values of percent cover. Mapping CI across the Jornada Basin shows that high‐intensity intraspecific competition is not prevalent, with few locations where intense competition is likely to be limiting further honey mesquite expansion.

Comparison of CI among physiographic provinces shows differences in average CI values associated with geomorphology, topography, and soil type, suggesting that edaphic conditions may impose important constraints on honey mesquite and growth. However, declining and negative growth rates with increasing CI suggest that intraspecific competition constrains growth rates when CI increases above c. 0.5.
Data and Trends in Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia, and Some Related Demographic Issues
Authors: Colombo Asher D. , Dalla‐Zuanna Gianpiero 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough considerable gains in survival have been observed in developed countries, particularly in the last stretch of life, part of these additional years of life are lived in bad health. In this context, a number of actions/inactions that limit or may limit life span are becoming increasingly common. Demography and quantitative sociology are well‐positioned to make a significant contribution to the measurement of the consistency of different end‐of‐life interventions, to the examination of differences over time, space and among different social groups, and to the analysis of the behaviors and attitudes of different stakeholders (the sufferers, their relatives, health care personnel, public opinion). We focus here on euthanasia and assisted suicide (EAS). First, we discuss changes in public opinion on EAS in developed countries. Second, we analyze the diffusion and temporal trends of EAS, with a particular focus on Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Belgium; three countries for which it is also possible to consider the connections between the diffusion of EAS and palliative care. Third, we consider several differential aspects of the spread of EAS (mainly by sex, age, and cause of death).
Confidence Across Cleavage: The Swiss Rural–Urban Divide, Place‐Based Identity and Political Trust
Authors: Zumbrunn Alina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSince political trust is crucial to the survival of political systems, securing its high levels is essential. While Switzerland exhibits a large rural–urban divide in direct democratic votes, it has not yet been researched whether such a divide also exists with regard to political trust. In my investigation of the Swiss rural–urban divide in political trust, I bring in place as a social identity and evaluate whether the rural–urban divide is contingent upon place‐based identity. I employ OLS regression models using original survey data from 2022 with about 4,000 respondents. Results reveal a significant but irrelevantly small rural–urban difference in political trust. However, when interacting place‐based identity with place of living, I find that identity inverts the rural–urban divide. When place‐based identity is low, rural residents exhibit higher levels of political trust than urban residents, but when place‐based identity is high, trust is higher in urban than in rural places.
A virtual simulation‐based clinical skills course
Authors: Kassutto Stacey , Clancy Caitlin , Harbison Sean , Tsao Suzana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdvancements in technology continue to transform the landscape of medical education. Virtual reality (VR) and remote simulation represent unique approaches to teaching students clinical skills through experiential learning.ApproachWe developed, implemented and evaluated a virtual simulation‐based course modelled on Kolb's Learning Cycle. A 5‐day, 15‐h virtual clerkship clinical skills curriculum designed to help students recognise a patient requiring urgent or emergent care was piloted in May 2020. VR and remote simulations facilitated concrete experiences, reflective observation, concept formation, and active experimentation. Curricular evaluation included analysis of usage, performance, self‐assessment, and perceptions of educational value.EvaluationOne hundred and fifty‐six students completed 436 VR sessions (median 3 per student). Students repeated virtual cases, on average, 75% of the time, demonstrating improvement in average performance scores from 59% (attempt 1) to 72% (attempt 2). Post‐course evaluations, completed by 109 (69.9%) students, demonstrated significant improvements in mean scores in all domains of a self‐assessment based on emergent care skills.ImplicationsWe developed and implemented a virtual clinical skills course that allowed students to progress through all four stages of Kolb's Learning Cycle. VR and remote simulations represent an opportunity for educators to reimagine and expand opportunities for experiential learning. The number of students accommodated, total virtual simulations completed, and positive student feedback suggests that this may be a feasible, acceptable, and scalable method for increasing opportunities for progression through Kolb's Learning Cycle. Further investigation into impact on educational outcomes is needed.
The use of mixed reality technology within the donor collection experience
Authors: Pandey Suchitra , Goel Ruchika , Kapral Jennifer , Kieffer Theodore , Kang Jason , Shaffer Hunter , Hermelin Daniela , Hartwell Beth 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundMixed reality (MR), a form of virtual reality (VR), provides an immersive and interactive experience for the user. Given VR's benefits in patients undergoing needle insertion procedures, MR's usability, impact on anxiety, and safety were evaluated in the blood donation setting.Study Design and MethodsWhole blood donors ≥18 years old (yo) were enrolled at two blood centers and provided a MR headset with independently developed software to wear during blood donation. Pre‐ and post‐donation questionnaires were conducted, and reaction data were reviewed. A post‐study questionnaire was also completed by staff who assisted donors with MR. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multinomial logistic regression were performed, and p values determined statistical significance between variables.ResultsA total of 282 donors completed the study. 84% wanted to try MR because it seemed fun/different/cool/interesting, and most staff (69%) and donors (68%) found MR easy to use. Baseline subjective anxiety, reported by 50.3% (more often in females, first‐time donors, and donors <20 yo), was reduced by MR in 68.4% of donors, and there was a 3.6 times higher odds of anxiety reduction with MR. 54% of donors with baseline anxiety would use MR again with the highest future interest in young donors. Donor reactions while using MR were mild and included pre‐faint reactions and hematomas.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the potential of MR in reducing donor anxiety, its feasibility during blood donation, and its safety in blood donors. MR is an innovative technology that holds promise to increase donor engagement, satisfaction, and retention.
Spatial Grid Resolution Effects on Dynamics of Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Imani Hasan , Karimirad Madjid 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Modelling a proper stochastic inflow wind field for dynamic analysis of an offshore wind turbine (OWT) is affected by turbine specifications and wind characteristics. These considerations and assumptions could potentially have a significant effect on the motions and structural loads and dynamic responses of the system. Previous studies have investigated the impact of various parameters — such as yaw misalignment, aerodynamic properties, blade mass imbalance, turbulence spectra, shear, veer, spatial coherence, component correlation, ant etc. — which could vary at different offshore sites and under different atmospheric conditions. Among different influencing factors in modelling the turbulence field, the importance and potential sensitivity of the system’s dynamics to the spatial grid resolution have not yet been fully explored. The present study, therefore, seeks to assess the influence of this variable on the dynamics of bottom-fixed and floating supported OWTs; and provide a basis for an acceptable grid spacing resolution for inflow turbulence generation to preserve a certain level of accuracy in estimating the response statistics. To this aim, a series of stochastic inflow wind fields with different degrees of coarseness from the typically recommended resolution, i.e., maximum chordlength, up to twelve times of this value have been simulated; and the dynamic behaviour of two bottom-fixed and floating supported OWTs during normal operational conditions were analyzed. Response statistics for different spatial grid resolutions were compared with the “base inflow” case. The results demonstrated that the extent of impact that spatial grid resolution has on the dynamics of an OWT is greatly sensitive to not only the controlling strategy but also can the type of supporting structure and design-deriving response variable. By understanding the extent of spatial grid resolution influence on various response variable for two bottom-fixed and floating supported models, insights into potential modification required in regards to this parameter for establishing efficient and physically consistent stochastic inflow wind fields are provided.
Aero-Hydrodynamic Studies of a 15 MW Semi-Submersible FOWT to Assess the Suitability of the Inclusion of a Damper System
Authors: Gao Yu , Zhao Chenyu , Johanning Lars , Pillai Ajit C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Floating offshore wind turbines can exploit the high energy density experienced in offshore environments, with turbines now reaching up to 15 MW in size. However, given the larger size of these turbines and the severe offshore environment, there remains significant challenges in motion stabilization. To overcome these challenges, the inclusion of a damper system could be considered to reduce motions. This paper conducts a numerical dynamic analysis of a 15 MW semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine under a range of environmental conditions, informing the design criteria for such a damper system. The study presents the findings under different environmental loading conditions. In the first instance, the time-domain results of hydrodynamic study were used to determine the dominant characteristics. The initial study identified the pitch motion of main concern. The simulations were carried out under wave-only and wind-wave loading. In the wave-only conditions study, excitation modes were observed at both the eigenfrequency and excitation frequency, dependent on wave conditions. When the wind loads were introduced, a large mean pitch offset and amplitude relative to the mean offset were observed. Within the discussion, a dual damper system is suggested to increase the stability of the platform.
Efficient Modeling of Floating Wind Arrays Including Current Loads and Seabed Bathymetry
Authors: Hall Matthew , West William , Housner Stein , Lozon Ericka 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Capabilities for modeling the effects of seabed bathymetry and current drag loads on a floating wind farm are now available in an open-source model for quasi-static analysis. In this model, mooring lines and dynamic cables are represented by a quasi-static solver that can quickly represent complex mooring/cabling arrangements and arrays of floating bodies. To account for seabed bathymetry, we expand the model to include a surface mesh that captures changes in water depth over a rectangular grid. We formulate modifications to the catenary equations that capture a mooring line’s profile and tensions when contacting a slope seabed. To account for current drag loads on mooring lines and dynamic cables, we formulate a novel technique that rotates the reference frame so that the vector sum of the the weight and the current force are used in the catenary equations, while accounting for the seabed orientation. To complete the system, current drag loads on floating substructures are handled by inclusion of strip-theory drag calculations.
These new capabilities are verified by comparing with results from the established offshore dynamics models MoorDyn and OrcaFlex in equivalent steady-state scenarios. The results show very good agreement for both sloped seabeds and current loads. With computation times of the quasi-static model typically under one second, the model additions are a useful capability toward rapidly evaluating a floating wind array’s response to environmental loads under realistic site conditions.
Sequentially Coupled Analysis for a Semi-Submersible Floating Offshore Wind Turbine
Authors: Hussein Karim Raed , Duncan Dylan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Given the UK’s target of achieving 5 GW of floating wind power by 2030, it is crucial to have reliable approaches to optimize the floating foundations to support new generation wind turbines that will fulfil this target. This paper presents a sequentially coupled analysis for the 15MW VolturnUS-S reference floating wind turbine using Ansys AQWA, a software that does not possess the capability for a fully coupled analysis like OpenFAST or Bladed software. The main reason for using Ansys AQWA in this study is its ability to transfer hydrodynamic loads and cable forces to Ansys Mechanical smoothly. This capability ensures that these loads and forces are accurately incorporated into the floater’s finite element analysis (FEA). This paper uses OpenFAST to estimate the tower-based forces and moments for the 15MW VolturnUS-S reference floating wind turbine, which are subsequently imported into Ansys AQWA. OpenFast simulations are conducted for six wind speeds for each wind speed in the design load case matrix. The simulations are performed in no-wave and wind conditions to prevent double-counting hydrodynamic loads. In addition, the effects of enabling and disabling the platform’s degrees of freedom on the aerodynamic loads are examined. Afterwards, these loads are imported into Ansys AQWA, and simulations are conducted for three design load cases. The results are validated against published literature that employs a fully coupled approach, revealing certain discrepancies in the floater response. The results tend to slightly overestimate cable tension, suggesting that this approach yields a conservative estimate of the tension in the mooring cables.
Coupled Numerical Simulation of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Platforms: Investigating the Effects of Wave and Wind Loading Using a High-Fidelity SPH-Based Model
Authors: Tagliafierro Bonaventura , Karimirad Madjid , Capasso Salvatore , Göteman Malin , Matínez-Estévez Iván , Domínguez José M. , Altomare Corrado , Viccione Giacomo , Crespo Alejandro J. C. , Negrut Dan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In order to enhance the overall comprehension of floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) performance, a detailed investigation into the dynamic response of a commonly used floater type, namely the tension-leg platform tension-leg platform (TLP), has been undertaken. The objective is to utilize high-fidelity numerical tools to analyze and characterize the expected forces in the anchoring systems resulting from combined actions of sea waves and wind. To capture the coupled effects of waves and wind, a reliable dataset is generated through a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics tool. This tool is essential to capturing the nonlinearities inherent in the interaction between waves and low surge-stiffness platforms, such as the TLP being studied here. The outcomes of this study, presented as a survivor analysis, aim to provide insight into the characteristic values that arise from various load combinations in the mooring system, considering the specific environmental conditions at the site. Given the challenging nature faced by FOWTs, the analysis will primarily focus on extreme loading cases, accounting for the global motions induced by wind thrust when the turbine is in survival mode (i.e., parked conditions).