bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic identification of phosphopeptides using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography enrichment, subsequent partial β‐elimination/chemical tagging and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis
Authors: Ahn Yeong Hee , Park Eun Jung , Cho Kun , Kim Jin Young , Ha Sang Hoon , Ryu Sung Ho , Yoo Jong Shin 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe enrichment of phosphopeptides using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis is a powerful protocol for detecting phosphopeptides and analyzing their phosphorylation state. However, nonspecific binding peptides, such as acidic, nonphosphorylated peptides, often coelute and make analyses of mass spectra difficult. This study used a partial chemical tagging reaction of a phosphopeptide mixture, enriched by IMAC and contaminated with nonspecific binding peptides, following a modified β‐elimination/Michael addition method, and dynamic mass analysis of the resulting peptide pool. Mercaptoethanol was used as a chemical tag and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) immobilized on Sepharose beads was used for IMAC enrichment. The time‐dependent dynamic mass analysis of the partially tagged reaction mixture detected intact phosphopeptides and their mercaptoethanol‐tagged derivatives simultaneously by their mass difference (–20 Da for each phosphorylation site). The number of new peaks appearing with the mass shift gave the number of multiply phosphorylated sites in a phosphopeptide. Therefore, this partial chemical tagging/dynamic mass analysis method can be a powerful tool for rapid and efficient phosphopeptide identification and analysis of the phosphorylation state concurrently using only MS analysis data. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remedial options for chlorinated volatile organics in a partially anaerobic aquifer
Authors: Qiu Xiujin , Stock Melinda K. , Davis John W. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA laboratory study was conducted for the selection of appropriate remedial technologies for a partially anaerobic aquifer contaminated with chlorinated volatile organics (VOCs). Evaluation of in situ bioremediation demonstrated that the addition of electron donors to anaerobic microcosms enhanced biological reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE), and 1,1,1‐trichloroethane (1,1,1‐TCA) with half‐lives of 20, 22, and 41 days, respectively. Nearly complete reductions of PCE, TCE, 1,1,1‐TCA, and the derivative cis‐dichloroethene were accompanied by a corresponding increase in chloride concentrations. Accumulation of vinyl chloride, ethene, and ethane was not observed; however, elevated levels of 14CO2 (from 14C‐TCE spiked) were recovered, indicating the occurrence of anaerobic oxidation. In contrast, very little degradation of 1,2‐dichloropropane (1,2‐DCP) and 1,1‐dichlorethane (1,1‐DCA) was observed in the anaerobic microcosms, but nutrient addition enhanced their degradation in the aerobic biotic microcosms. The aerobic degradation half‐lives for 1,2‐DCP and 1,1‐DCA were 63 and 56 days, respectively. Evaluation of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) demonstrated that chelate‐modified Fenton's reagent was effective in degrading aqueous‐phase PCE, TCE, 1,1,1‐TCA, 1,2‐DCP, etc.; however, this approach had minimal effects on solid‐phase contaminants. The observed oxidant demand was 16 g‐H2O2/L‐groundwater. The oxidation reaction rates were not highly sensitive to the molar ratio of H2O2:Fe2+:citrate. A ratio of 60:1:1 resulted in slightly faster removal of chemicals of concern (COCs) than those of 12:1:1 and 300:1:1. This treatment resulted in increases in dissolved metals (Ca, Cr, Mg, K, and Mn) and a minor increase of vinyl chloride. Treatment with zero‐valent iron (ZVI) resulted in complete dechlorination of PCE, and TCE to ethene and ethane. ZVI treatment reduced 1,1,1‐TCA only to 1,1‐DCA and chloroethane (CA) but had little effect on reducing the levels of 1,2‐DCP, 1,1‐DCA, and CA. The longevity test showed that one gram of 325‐mesh iron powder was exhausted in reaction with > 22 mL of groundwater. The short life of ZVI may be a barrier to implementation. The ZVI surface reaction rates (ksa) were 1.2 × 10−2 Lm−2h−1, 2 × 10−3 Lm−2h−1, and 1.2 × 10−3 Lm−2h−1 for 1,1,1‐TCA, TCE, and PCE, respectively. Based upon the results of this study, in situ bioremediation appeared to be more suitable than ISCO and ZVI for effectively treating the groundwater contamination at the site. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using wind to power a groundwater circulation well—preliminary results
Authors: Elmore Andrew Curtis , Gallagher Ron , Drake K. David 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn areas of the country where the U.S. Department of Energy has classified the available wind resources as Class 3 or greater, the use of wind turbines to provide power to relatively small remediation systems such as groundwater circulation wells may be technically and economically feasible. Groundwater circulation wells are a good candidate technology to couple with renewable energy, because the remediation system removes contamination from the subject aquifer with no net loss of the groundwater resource, while the wind turbine does not create potentially harmful air emissions. Wind data collected in the vicinity of the former Nebraska Ordnance Plant Superfund site were used to select a wind turbine system to provide a portion of the energy necessary to power a groundwater circulation well located in an area of high trichloroethylene groundwater contamination. Because utility power was already installed at the remediation system, a 10 kW grid inter‐tie wind turbine system supplements the utility system without requiring batteries for energy storage. The historical data from the site indicate that the quantity of energy purchased correlates poorly with the quantity of groundwater treated. Preliminary data from the wind turbine system indicate that the wind turbine provides more energy than the remediation system treatment components and the well submersible pump require on a monthly average. The preliminary results indicate that the coupling of wind turbines and groundwater circulation wells may be an attractive alternative in terms of the system operation time, cost savings, and contaminant mass removal. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetic study of permanganate oxidation of tetrachloroethylene at a high pH under acidic conditions
Authors: Dai Qunli , Reitsma Stanley 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSince carbon compounds are the main component of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), the end products of all in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) will include carbon dioxide. If the production rate of carbon dioxide exceeds the capacity of water to remove the carbon dioxide, degassing will occur. The uncontrolled carbon dioxide gas may change the flow patterns, remobilize the pooled DNAPL, transport DNAPL vapor, and reduce the relative permeability to the aqueous phase. Under high pH buffered conditions, most of the carbon dioxide will be dissolved in water. In this study, potassium permanganate oxidation of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) was conducted using a sodium carbonate buffered solution (1 g/L, pH = 10.6 ± 0.1) at three different temperatures (5, 10, and 20°C) and three potassium permanganate concentrations (0.2, 1, and 5 g/L). Extensive kinetic studies suggest that the overall oxidation is a second‐order reaction and pseudo‐first‐order with respect to PCE and potassium permanganate, respectively. The second‐order rate constant and the activation energy were 0.028 ± 0.001 M−1s−1 at 20°C and 43.9 ± 2.85 kJ/M, respectively. This study provides a base for further experimental and field studies on potassium permanganate oxidation of PCE under natural or artificial high pH buffered conditions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study of the future land use of a contaminated site: Preferences versus potential use
Authors: Burger Joanna 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWorldwide, agencies with high levels of contamination are faced with decisions about remediation and restoration. These decisions should be informed by future land use and long‐term stewardship goals. In the United States, the Department of Energy has lands in some 34 states that require cleanup. They are involved in massive remediation and restoration efforts on lands from the Cold War legacy and wish to reduce their overall footprint. Understanding future land use preferences is essential for determining the nature and degree of remediation and restoration. The objective of this study was to examine future land use preferences for the Department of Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory as a function of ethnicity for attendees at the Los Alamos Gun Show in New Mexico (1999), and to determine whether their own activity influences future land use preferences. The highest preferred future land uses for Los Alamos National Laboratory were hiking, camping, National Environmental Research Park, and birdwatching, followed by hunting and fishing. Increased nuclear waste storage and building homes and factories were rated the lowest. Further, hiking and camping were rated higher than at two other DOE sites. There were few ethnic differences, although American Indians rated camping, hiking, building houses, and returning the land to American Indians higher than did others, and Hispanics rated using it for a preserve as a higher preferred land use than all others. The differences, however, were not great. Relative ratings for using the land for hunting and fishing were directly related to individual frequency of hunting and fishing for both whites and Hispanics, indicating that people perceive the importance of land use by how they want to use it. Ratings for hiking and camping were not related to the number of days people hiked and camped, suggesting these are general preferences overall. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The potential of foliar treatments for enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals from contaminated soil
Authors: Meers Erik , Tack Filip 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPhytoextraction is the plant‐based removal of inorganic contaminants from the soil by root absorption and subsequent translocation to harvestable plant parts. The efficiency of this technique is limited by the phytoavailability of these contaminants in the soil and the root‐to‐shoot transport. To enhance the phytoextraction efficiency, the use of soil amendments has been widely investigated. Potential risks such as increased ecotoxicological effects and leaching of mobilized contaminants caution against the use of persistent mobilizing agents. The potential use of foliar amendments to enhance mineral absorption and/or translocation offers prospects for complementing or substituting soil amendments for enhanced phytoextraction purposes. This study presents an explorative screening to evaluate the feasibility of this approach. Helianthus annuus giganteus plants were grown in moderately contaminated dredged sediment for ten weeks, with daily foliar treatments from week six onward: (1) distilled water (control), (2) magnesium‐ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Mg‐EDTA), (3) diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), (4) nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), (5) citric acid, (6) oxalic acid, (7) calcium acetate, (8) ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN), and (9) cystein. Applied doses varied between treatments based on plant tolerance: 15 μmol per plant for cystein, 60 μmol per plant for DTPA and NH4SCN, 180 μmol per plant for Mg‐EDTA and NTA and 400 μmol per plant for the organic acids. At the end of the experiment, shoot accumulation of cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc was evaluated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A resource‐based analysis of peer‐to‐peer technology
Authors: Pavlov Oleg V. , Saeed Khalid 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPeer‐to‐peer technology allowed massive free music ﬁle sharing, which led to much controversy, legal debate, and a great deal of speculation about the technology's business viability. Operation of a peer‐to‐peer (P2P) network depends on the content and bandwidth contributions from its users. Many users free ride by contributing fewer resources than they use. Research found that free riding intensiﬁes with crowding. These salient features suggest that the underlying template describing a P2P system may be the limits to growth archetype. We expand on this idea by building a system dynamics model, which captures complex causal interactions between private provision of common resources, free riding, network performance, and membership dynamics. Base runs conﬁrm that the model reproduces historically observed behavior. We use the calibrated model to test effectiveness of certain modiﬁcations that have been proposed for real P2P networks. Simulation results are explained by reviewing the interplay of reinforcing and limiting feedbacks that drive the system. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A preliminary study of stress symptoms and nutritional state in children
Authors: Stefanello Rosina 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe aim of this work was to examine the occurrence of stressful events in the lives of children, using the ‘Scale of Infantile Social Readjustment’ (SISR), and the ‘Inventory of Symptoms of Infantile Stress’ (ISIS) to identify the presence of stress symptoms. The results of these evaluations were then used to examine the relationship between the levels of stress and the nutritional state of the children, by correlation. Forty 7–10‐year‐old children were included in the evaluation. From the analysed sample 49 per cent of them were eutrophic (weight/height normal to age), 50 per cent were above weight and 1 per cent was undernourished. Whereas 70 per cent of the girls were eutrophic and 30 per cent were above weight, only 35 per cent of the boys were eutrophic, 60 per cent were above weight and 5 per cent were undernourished. The results obtained in this first study indicated that 45 per cent of eutrophic girls demonstrated symptoms of stress, while 20 per cent of them were asymptomatic (with no symptoms of stress). Of the overweight boys, 30 per cent of them showed symptoms of stress and 35 per cent did not. This study indicated a possible relationship between weight and the symptoms of stress. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health related quality of life of patients with refractory angina before and one year after enrolment onto a refractory angina program
Authors: Moore R.K. , Groves D. , Bateson S. , Barlow P. , Hammond C. , Leach A.A. , Chester M.R. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjective: This study was designed to assess the impact of a refractory angina programme on the health related quality of life for patients with chronic refractory angina (CRA) one year following enrolment.Design: A one year prospective audit.Setting: Specialist refractory angina clinic at a tertiary cardiac referral centre.Patients: 69 consecutive refractory angina patients referred to a regional refractory angina centre from 1/03/2001 to 1/09/2002.Interventions: Pain treatment algorithm in accordance with the recommendations of the national refractory angina guideline committee.Main outcome measures: Improvements in quality of life indices were assessed using Seattle angina questionnaire (SAQ), and short form‐12 (SF‐12) with changes in mood determined using the hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) questionnaire.Results: All dimensions of the SF‐12 and SAQ were superior at one year with significant improvement seen with the mental component of SF‐12 (p = 0.023), and four of the five SAQ domains, angina stability (p = 0.028), angina frequency (p = 0.02), treatment satisfaction (p = 0.001) and quality of life (p < 0.001). All the significant changes within the SAQ domains were large enough to be considered clinically relevant. At one year the anxiety and depression domains were significantly improved from baseline (p = 0.015, 0.018) with clinical anxiety levels falling significantly from 55% to 40%, a relative reduction of 28% (p = 0.008).Conclusions: Implementation of the national refractory angina guidelines in a prospective study of 69 consecutive CRA patients significantly improved health related quality of life status at one year.
Medical treatment of missed abortion using misoprostol
Authors: Ngoc N.T.N. , Blum J. , Westheimer E. , Quan T.T.V. , Winikoff B. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjective: To compare the efficacy of two routes of misoprostol administration (oral and vaginal) for treatment of missed abortion. Methods:Two hundred women with confirmed missed abortion received 800 mcg misoprostol either orally or vaginally. All women returned for follow‐up care 2 days later. If the pregnancy was not completely evacuated at this time, women could wait an additional 5 days or undergo immediate surgical completion. Efficacy was defined as the percent of women discharged from the study without need for surgical intervention. Results:Efficacy was high in both groups and not statistically different (oral=89.0%, vaginal=92.9%). While the groups did not differ in terms of the completion rate by day 2 (oral=41.6%, vaginal=52.7%), the mean time to expulsion was longer (21.04 h) in the oral group than the vaginal group (13.47 h), p=0.041. Women in both groups were highly satisfied with the method. Conclusions:Medical management of missed abortion with either oral or vaginal misoprostol is highly effective and highly acceptable.
Ankle eversion torque response to sudden ankle inversion Torque response in unbraced, braced, and pre‐activated situations
Authors: Konradsen Lars , Peura Glenn , Beynnon Bruce , Renström Per 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn 13 young ankle stable subjects, ankle eversion torque and peroneal EMG were simultaneously recorded in response to sudden ankle inversion. The eversion torque response was bi‐phasic. The initial development of torque, which was responsible for 30% of the maximal eversion torque response, was observed 135ms after the start of platform rotation and correlated well with the onset of the automatic postural peroneal EMG response. The remaining eversion torque response commenced after 305 ms, strongly correlating with the onset of the peroneal long latency voluntary EMG activity.With the ankle unbraced, 66% of the maximal torque level was reached in 326ms. While braced, the same torque magnitude was reached using 230ms (p < 0.02), and pre‐activation of the peroneal muscles allowed the subjects to reach the same level of torque in 89ms (p < 0.0005).Prior to the study, a common reaction pattern to sudden inversion was expected in an ankle stable population, but review of the eversion torque and EMG data from the 13 subjects revealed three different voluntary reaction patterns: 10 subjects showed an efficient activation of evertor muscles; two subjects stiffened their ankles with activation of both in‐ and evertor muscles; and one subject showed a marginal voluntary activation of the ankle evertors.The results of the study indicate that the reaction to sudden ankle inversion is not solely automatic. The main part of the torque response is voluntarily mediated and inter‐individual differences in strategy seem to exist in healthy subjects. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Age‐related changes in electromyographic quadriceps activity during stair descent
Authors: Hinman Rana S. , Cowan Sallie M. , Crossley Kay M. , Bennell Kim L. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPurpose: To determine the effects of age on (i) the onset of vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) activity relative to that of vastus lateralis (VL) and (ii) the onset of quadriceps activity in terminal swing relative to heel‐strike, during stair descent.Methods: Sixty‐six healthy men and women with no known knee pathology were recruited from the community and the University of Melbourne. Thirty‐three older people aged over 50 (mean (SD) 68 (8) years) and 33 younger people aged under 40 (mean (SD) 25 (4) years) participated. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to record muscle activity during stair descent. Muscle onset was identified from individual EMG traces with a computer algorithm and validated visually.Results: Both younger and older participants demonstrated a relatively synchronous onset of VMO and VL (i.e. within 10ms of each other) with no differences between the age groups evident (P = 0.262). However older participants activated their quadriceps significantly earlier than the younger group (P < 0.001) even when differences in body mass and speed of stair descent were accounted for.Conclusion: Age‐related changes in quadriceps activity are apparent. The clinical implications of such changes are unknown, but increases in joint loading are possible. Earlier quadriceps activation may compensate for balance and strength impairments in older people during challenging activities. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The effect of bone microstructure on the initiation and growth of microcracks
Authors: O'Brien Fergal J. , Taylor David , Lee T. Clive 
Published: September 2004

AbstractOsteonal bone is often compared to a composite material and to metals as discontinuities within the material may provide sites of stress concentration for crack initiation and serve as barriers to crack growth. However, little experimental data exist to back up these hypotheses. Fluorescent chelating agents were applied at specific intervals to bone specimens fatigue tested in cyclic compression at a stress range of 80 MPa. The failed specimens were sectioned and labelled microcracks identified using UV epifluorescence microscopy. Microcrack lengths were measured and their relationship to cement lines surrounding secondary osteons recorded. Microcrack length at the time of encountering a cement line was also measured. Microcracks of less than 100 μm stopped growing when they encountered a cement line. Microcracks of greater than 100 μm in length continued to grow after encountering a cement line surrounding an osteon. Only microcracks greater than 300 μm in length were capable of penetrating osteons and these microcracks were the only ones which were observed to cause failure in the specimen. These experimental data support the hypothesis that secondary osteons act as barriers to crack propagation in compact bone. However, it shows that this microstructural barrier effect is dependent on the crack length at the time of encountering an osteon. For the vast majority of cracks, osteons act as barriers to growth but for the minority of cracks that are long enough and do break through the cement line, an osteon may actually act as a weakness in the bone and facilitate crack propagation. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Hermite-Biehler functions with zeros close to the imaginary axis
Authors: Kaltenbäck Michael , Woracek Harald 
Published: September 2004

A Hermite-Biehler function

E
E

gives rise to a de Branges Hilbert space

H

(
E
)

\mathcal {H}(E)

consisting of entire functions. We are going to show that for Hermite-Biehler functions of sufficiently small growth and a certain distribution of zeros every proper de Branges subspace of

H

(
E
)

\mathcal {H}(E)

coincides for some

n
∈

N

n\in \mathbb {N}

with the

(
n
+
1
)

(n+1)

-dimensional linear space of all polynomials of degree at most

n
n

.