bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aversive tension in patients with borderline personality disorder: a computer‐based controlled field study
Authors: Stiglmayr C. E. , Grathwol T. , Linehan M. M. , Ihorst G. , Fahrenberg J. , Bohus M. 
Published: April 2005

Objective:  This study was designed to examine the subjective appraisal of aversive tension under conditions of daily life in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD).Method:  A sample of 63 female subjects with BPD and 40 mentally healthy controls were each given a hand‐held computer. For two consecutive days, participants were prompted at hourly intervals to record their current state of aversive tension and prompting events.Results:  Compared with controls, states of aversive tension occurred significantly more frequently in BPD patients. The average levels of aversive tension were significantly higher, and the rate of increase in tension was markedly more rapid. Furthermore, states of aversive tension persisted for a longer period. Among BPD subjects three events (rejection, being alone, and failure) account for 39% of all events preceding states of tension.Conclusion:  The study provides support for the theory that patients with BPD experience more frequent, stronger, and longer‐lasting states of aversive tension.
Suicide in classical mythology: cues for prevention
Authors: Preti A , Miotto P 
Published: April 2005

Objective:  To compare well established antecedents and correlates of completed suicide with the motives and the mechanics reported in Greek mythology.Method:  A well‐known collection of Greek myths, the Book of fables by Hyginus, was explored to investigate the mechanics driving an individual to imagine, design and carry out a suicide attempt.Results:  Females outnumber males in the mythographer's list, their favourite methods to die being drowning, hanging, self‐burning and throwing themselves down from on high. Some kind of familial recurrence of suicide was accounted for, and a large percentage of these suicides was connected to incest. Shame, sense of guilt and grief for the death of a loved one are the most frequently reported psychological correlates of the act, whereas defeat, failure or a catastrophic change in living conditions and, among females, an unfortunate love affair figure as the main antecedents of suicide.Conclusion:  Negative life events and emotional reactions to the severing of social ties frequently occur as antecedents of suicide in Greek mythology.
Mental health needs, service use and costs among Somali refugees in the UK
Authors: McCrone P. , Bhui K. , Craig T. , Mohamud S. , Warfa N. , Stansfeld S. A. , Thornicroft G. , Curtis S. 
Published: April 2005

Objective:  To assess the mental health needs and service use of Somali refugees living in London.Method:  Subjects (n = 143) were sampled from conventional and non‐conventional sites. Needs and service use were measured using the Camberwell Assessment of Need and the Client Service Receipt Inventory, respectively. Comparisons between sites were made and cost predictors identified.Results:  Basic needs occurred frequently but were often not fully addressed. The mean number of needs was around four out of a possible 22. The most used services were GPs, other clinicians and refugee services. Higher non‐inpatient costs were associated with length of stay in the UK and lower costs with being at risk of suicide and having panic disorder or agoraphobia.Conclusion:  Somali refugees living in London have a relatively high level of need but a low level of service use. Refugee characteristics could only account for a limited amount of cost variation.
Lamotrigine and antiepileptic drugs as mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder
Authors: Muzina D. J. , Elhaj O. , Gajwani P. , Gao K. , Calabrese J. R. 
Published: April 2005

Objective:  To review the clinical trials literature on the use of antiepileptic drugs (AED) as mood stabilizers and to suggest an evidence‐based approach when utilizing these agents in bipolar disorder.Method:  The literature is reviewed and subdivided into the following sections: carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine, valproate, lamotrigine, gabapentin and other AED, and discussion.Results:  Data exist to support the use of carbamazepine and valproate – and to a lesser extent, oxcarbazepine – in the management of acute manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. Lamotrigine, gabapentin, and other AED have not demonstrated consistent anti‐manic effects. Clinical trials data favor lamotrigine over all other AED in the treatment of acute bipolar I depression and in rapid cycling bipolar disorder (particularly type II), although the absence of an active comparator in these lamotrigine trials must be noted. Lamotrigine, carbamazepine, and valproate all have evidence supporting their roles as potential long‐term mood stabilizers to prevent bipolar relapse, with lamotrigine having a stronger effect in the prevention of depression.Conclusion:  The AED are a heterogeneous group of medications with differential spectrum of efficacy in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
Assaultive trauma and illness course in psychotic bipolar disorder: findings from the suffolk county mental health project
Authors: Neria Y. , Bromet E. J. , Carlson G. A. , Naz B. 
Published: April 2005

Objective:  Little is known about the relationship of assaultive trauma to clinical and functional outcome in patients with bipolar disorder.Method:  We assessed trauma histories in a cohort of 109 first‐admission bipolar patients with psychosis using structured interviews and medical records. Assaultive trauma included rape, physical attacks, and physical threats. Outcome was assessed using standardized ratings.Results:  Forty percent reported a history of assaultive trauma, mostly in childhood (≤16 years). Exposed patients were more symptomatic at each follow‐up than unexposed. Sixteen percent of exposed patients remitted after one episode compared with 38.5% of the non‐exposed. Patients exposed as adults were the most symptomatic at 6 months, while patients exposed in childhood were the most symptomatic at 24 months.Conclusion:  Our findings supported the salient role of trauma history as a risk factor for poor course in severe bipolar disorder. Given the high prevalence of such exposure, clinical awareness in first‐admission psychotic bipolar patients is critical.
Separation, settling and flow phenomena in electric matte smelting of Cu–Ni concentrates
Authors: Eric R. Hurman 
Published: April 2005

The flow of slag and settling of matte in slag resistance electric furnaces are discussed in conjunction with furnace geometries, stirring action of the electrodes, buoyancy and electromagnetic effects, all of which obviously affect matte–slag separation and metal losses to the slag. The effect of change in slag composition upon such losses and the relationship between slag composition and slag–matte separation are also discussed on the basis of the laboratory tests conducted at 1400°C. The relationship between slag composition and matte–slag separation was found to depend primarily on the basicity ratio and the FeO content of the slag.The rectangular electric furnace was regarded as a channel reactor. The flow is affected both by buoyancy and by electromagnetic forces, however, the effect of the latter is minimal. The flow velocity is made up of two components; (i) that developed by the action of the electrodes, and (ii) the bulk velocity determined by the smelting rate and the volume of the reactor. Slag samples were taken from various depths of the molten bath and were analyzed microscopically to determine the size and distribution of matte prills which would lead to the better understanding of the separation and settling behavior. The rectangular 6‐in‐line electrode furnace was also considered as made up of 6 separate reactors all of which are acting as continuously stirred settling/separation reactors connected in series. This attempt has led to the conclusion that, under the conditions of the electric furnace, the most effective length of the settler would be between about 13 and 86% of its total length.
Age-Related Changes in Phosphorylation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Rat Penis
Authors: Musicki Biljana , Kramer Melissa F. , Becker Robyn E. , Burnett Arthur L. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT

Aim
Aging is associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) attributed to reduced nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and nitric oxide bioavailability. However, the mechanism for this effect has not been fully investigated. We evaluated (i) whether age-related ED involves dysregulation of endothelial NOS (eNOS) phosphorylation; and (ii) whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) exerts erectile effects and operates via eNOS phosphorylation in aged rats.

Methods
Male Fischer 344 “young” (4-month-old) and “aged” (19-month-old) rats were used. Electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve (CNS) was performed to generate penile erection. Erectile response in the presence of rhVEGF165 was evaluated by intracavernosal pressure monitoring 25 minutes after intracavernosal injection of VEGF. Penes were excised at baseline, with or without rhVEGF treatment, and after CNS for Western immunoblot of phospho-eNOS (Ser-1177 and Thr-495), phospho-Akt, and eNOS.

Results
Erectile response was significantly reduced in aged rats compared with young rats. Phospho-eNOS (Ser-1177) and phospho-Akt were significantly reduced, while phospho-eNOS (Thr-495) was significantly increased, in the aged penis at baseline and after CNS. rhVEGF significantly improved erection and reversed downregulated Ser-1177, but not upregulated Thr-495 phosphorylation, on eNOS in aged penes. eNOS protein was significantly increased in aged penes.

Conclusions
Age-related ED is associated with eNOS inactivation through a decrease in phosphorylation of its positive regulatory site (Ser-1177) and an increase in phosphorylation of its negative regulatory site (Thr-495) in the penis. Altered phosphorylation/constitutive activation of eNOS by fluid shear stress may be a major determinant of compromised vascular homeostasis of the aged penis. The finding that VEGF rapidly induces erection and partly corrects alterations in eNOS phosphorylation in the aged rat penis suggests impaired eNOS activation by deficient endogenous VEGF and supports the potential for growth factor therapy in the treatment of age-related ED.
Premature Ejaculation: An Observational Study of Men and Their Partners
Authors: Patrick Donald L. , Althof Stanley E. , Pryor Jon L. , Rosen Raymond , Rowland David L. , Ho Kai Fai , McNulty Pauline , Rothman Margaret , Jamieson Carol 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common male sexual dysfunction affecting men and their partners. Lack of community-based data describing this condition limits understanding of PE and its outcomes.

Aim
To characterize PE in a large population of men with and without PE using patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures elicited from men and their partners.

Methods
4-week, multicenter, observational study of males (≥18 years) and their female partners in monogamous relationships (≥6 months). Screening, baseline, and follow-up visits scheduled at 2-week intervals. Clinicians diagnosed PE utilizing DSM-IV-TR criteria. Intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), measured by a stopwatch held by the partner, was recorded for each sexual intercourse experience. Subject and partner independently assessed PROs: control over ejaculationand satisfaction with sexual intercourse(0 = very poor to 4 = very good), personal distressand interpersonal difficulty(0 = not at all to 4 = extremely), and severity of PE(0 = none to 3 = severe).

Results
Of the total study population (N = 1,587), 207 subjects were diagnosed with PE and 1,380 were assigned to the non-PE group. Median IELT (min) was 1.8 (range, 0–41) for PE and 7.3 (range, 0–53) for non-PE subjects (P &lt; 0.0001). More PE vs. non-PE subjects gave ratings of “very poor” or “poor” for control over ejaculation(72% vs. 5%; P &lt; 0.0001) and satisfaction with sexual intercourse(31% vs. 1%; P &lt; 0.0001). More subjects in the PE vs. non-PE group gave ratings of “quite a bit” or “extremely” for personal distress(64% vs. 4%; P &lt; 0.0001) and interpersonal difficulty(31% vs. 1%; P &lt; 0.0001). Subject and partner assessments showed similar patterns and correlated moderately (0.36–0.57).

Conclusions
PE subjects reported significantly shorter IELT. Overlap in IELT distributions was observed between the PE and non-PE groups, indicating the need for additional PRO measures to characterize PE. Shorter IELT was significantly associated with reduced ejaculatory control and sexual satisfaction and increased distress and interpersonal difficulty.
Relationships Between Erectile Dysfunction, Depression, and Anxiety in Japanese Subjects
Authors: Sugimori Hiroki , Yoshida Katsumi , Tanaka Toshiaki , Baba Katsuyuki , Nishida Takayasu , Nakazawa Ryuto , Iwamoto Teruaki 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT

Aims
This study aimed to elucidate the relationships between erectile dysfunction (ED) and depression or anxiety.

Methods
Subjects were 1,419 Japanese men aged 40–64 years. ED was assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5) score (Japanese version), and depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). In this study ED cases were defined as those whose IIEF-5 value was less than 12, and a score of 8 or higher was used to classify a subject as suffering from depression or anxiety, respectively. The prevalence odds ratio (OR) of ED was calculated with confidence interval (CI) estimated by the Woolf's method by five age groups (40–44, 45–49, 50–54, 55–59, 60–64 years). To control for age, body mass index, smoking, and alcohol drinking factors, we conducted the multivariate logistic regression analysis for calculating adjusted ORs and 99% CIs.

Results
ED was significantly associated with depression in age groups 45–49 (OR 3.42, 99% CI 1.51–7.76) and 50–54 years (OR 2.43, 99% CI 1.11–5.35). After using multivariate analysis, adjusted OR also showed statistical significance. (OR 2.02, 99% CI 1.32–3.08). ED was significantly associated with anxiety in the 50–55-year-old age group (OR 2.48, 99% CI 1.12–5.47). After using multivariate analysis, adjusted OR also showed statistical significance (OR 1.77, 99% CI 1.15–2.72). The concomitant depression and anxiety group (A+D+) had significantly higher prevalence of ED than the control group (A–D–) in both the 45–49 and 50–54 age groups. (P &lt; 0.01)

Conclusion
ED associated significantly with depression and anxiety status only in late 40s to early 50s (45–55 years) in male Japanese. Furthermore, comorbidities of depression and anxiety strengthen this association. Our results might be useful in furthering understanding of ED etiology and determining a target population for prevention in ED subjects.
Association Between the Bothersomeness of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and the Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Shiri Rahman , Häkkinen Jukka , Koskimäki Juha , Huhtala Heini , Auvinen Anssi , Hakama Matti , Tammela Teuvo L.J. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT

Objective
To assess the association between the bothersomeness of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED).

Methods
The target population comprised all men born in 1924, 1934, or 1944 and residing in Tampere or 11 surrounding municipalities in Finland in 1999. A questionnaire was sent in May 1999 to 2,864 men, and 2,133 (75%) responded. Of them, 417 were excluded because of missing data on erectile function, or because they had prostate cancer or radical prostatectomy, leaving a total of 1,716 (60%) qualified respondents. LUTS was assessed by the Danish Prostatic Symptom Score, and ED by a short form of the International Index of Erectile Function. Logistic regression model was used in the multivariate analysis.

Results
Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of ED were 2.6 (95% CI 1.3–5.2) for men with LUTS total scores of 11–19 compared with men without LUTS and were not bothered by them, and 4.4 (2.1–8.9) for those with scores 20 or more. Bother scores 1–3 and 4–6 were significantly associated with ED (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.6 and 2.1, 1.4–3.4, respectively), while similar symptoms scores were not. Adjusted ORs of ED was 4.1 (2.0–8.2) for men with a symptoms score of 10 or more compared with those free from symptoms, and same (OR 4.2, 95% CI 2.7–6.7) for men with similar bother score. Among symptoms, nocturia (adjusted OR 1.5), weak stream (OR 1.5), stress incontinence (OR 2.1), and overflow incontinence (OR 1.8) were significantly associated with ED, whereas among bother, only overflow incontinence (OR 2.2) was significantly correlated with ED.

Conclusions
ED is a common problem in men with LUTS and is strongly associated with both the severity of symptoms and their bothersomeness. However, bother of mild LUTS affects ED more than the mild symptoms, emphasizing the potential of psychological mechanisms of ED.
LACTOBACILLUS CURVATUS PRODUCES A BACTERIOCIN‐LIKE AGENT ACTIVE AGAINST GRAM‐NEGATIVE PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Authors: CHUNG H.‐J. , YOUSEF A.E. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT Isolates from fermented foods were screened for antimicrobial activity against gram‐negative bacteria. The most active isolate was identified as a Lactobacillus curvatus by biochemical analysis and ribotyping, and the isolate was designated as OSY‐HJC6. Lactobacillus curvatus OSY‐HJC6 was further tested for intracellular and extracellular production of antimicrobial agents. A reduction of > 8 log10 cfu/mL was observed when cell suspensions of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were treated with equal volumes of Lb. curvatus culture supernatant. Gram‐positive bacteria were not sensitive to the culture supernatant, but antimicrobial activity was detected when the cell extract was tested against several gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. Culture supernatant and cell extract retained the antimicrobial activity after heating at 60–100C for 10 min but not after protease treatment. The cell extract of Lb. curvatus retarded the growth of E. coli p220 in broth medium and food extracts (i.e., bacteriostatic action) but showed bactericidal activity against the bacterium in phosphate buffer.
STUDIES ON OCCURRENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS FROM SELECT MEATS
Authors: SINGH R.V. , BHILEGAONKAR K.N. , AGARWAL R.K. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT A study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of Clostridium perfringens in meat and to characterize the isolates obtained in the study for virulence factors. A total of 211 meat samples of different animals (70 each of buffalo and goat and 71 of poultry) were screened and the highest occurrence of C. perfringens was observed in goat (91.4%) followed by poultry (70.4%) and buffalo (65.7%). Among the 116 isolates (buffalo‐32, goat‐37 and poultry‐45) of C. perfringens screened for the presence of enterotoxin gene by PCR, 9.3, 32.4 and 15.5% isolates of buffalo, goat and poultry, respectively, were found to possess enterotoxin gene. Screening of 15 enterotoxin gene possessing isolates for verocytotoxicity revealed that 12 isolates exhibited cytopathic effect while 3 isolates did not show any cytopathic effect in spite of the presence of enterotoxin gene. A total of 115 C. perfringens isolates were screened for other virulence markers, i.e., lecithinase and hemolysin. The results revealed that the majority of the isolates expressed these activities. Antibiogram studies of C. perfringens isolates using 16 antibiotics displayed multidrug resistance. The isolates showed resistance to streptomycin, ceftazidime, colistin sulfate, cephalothin, ampicillin and gentamicin. Whereas 100% sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and nitrofurantoin was seen, moderate sensitivity was observed with tetracycline and sulfatriad.
MODELING THE EFFECT OF INITIAL CONCENTRATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI SUSPENSIONS ON THEIR INACTIVATION BY CHLORINE
Authors: VIRTO R. , SANZ D. , ÁLVAREZ I. , CONDON S. , RASO J. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT The objective of this investigation was to model the influence of the initial microbial concentration on the Escherichia coli resistance to chlorine. A suspension test was used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of chlorine. Chlorine doses ranged from 0.6 to 0.9 mL /L, from 0.3 to 0.7 m L /L, from 0.15 to 0.3 mL/L and from 0.1 to 0.2 mL /L when the initial microbial concentration was 1.2 × 108, 6 × 107, 6 × 106and 6 × 105 CFU/mL, respectively. In order to describe the survival curves of E. coli, a mathematical model based on a biphasic inactivation was used. Initial microbial concentration had a significant influence on the kinetics of inactivation and on the resistance of E. coli to chlorine. In order to obtain a good repeatability and reproducibility of the bacterial suspension test, the initial concentration of bacterial suspensions should be evaluated and standardized.
HOW INVESTORS INTERPRET CHANGES IN CORPORATE FINANCIAL POLICY
Authors: Healy Paul M. , Palepu Krishna G. 
Published: April 2005

In May 1987, Apple Computer announced that it would pay $5 million in cash dividends on its common stock your cents per share) for the first time in its history. On the day of the announcement, the market value of Apple's equity rose by $219 million.In May 1986, Emhart announced that it intended to issue 2.75 million shares to raise $102 million in new equity. Following the announcement, the market value of its existing equity fell by $23 million.In February 1939, General Motors declared a 2‐for‐1 stock split for the first time since 1955, and increased its dividends. The announcement led the market value of GM's equity to increase by $1.3 billion.
BANC ONE CORPORATION: ASSET AND LIABILITY MANAGEMENT
Authors: Esty Ben , Tufano Peter , Headley Jonathan 
Published: April 2005

[Derivatives are] simply another Wall Street‐developed house of cards.—Representative Joseph Kennedy 1You can call it [the use of derivatives] whatever you want, but in my book it's gambling.—Representative Henry Gonzalez, Chairman, House Banking Committee 2Our use of derivatives is just one more step in the evolution of banking.—John B. McCoy, Chairman and CEO, Banc One Corporation
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN AN EMERGING MARKET: THE CASE OF ISRAEL
Authors: Blass Asher , Yafeh Yishay , Yosha Oved 
Published: April 2005

Despite significant capital‐market reforms in the mid‐1980s, the Israeli government and banks continue to play an unusually dominant role in Israeli financial markets. Israeli banks operate as merchant banks and, through pyramid structures of ownership, control large segments of manufacturing, construction, insurance, and services. In addition, the banks dominate all facets of the capital market, including underwriting, brokerage, investment advice, and the management of mutual and provident funds.Because of this dominance by the banks, several important mechanisms of corporate governance are missing. There is no effective market for corporate control; institutional investors have little incentive to monitor corporate managers; and those managers in turn have little incentive to improve firm performance and increase shareholder value.To be sure, there has been an impressive wave of IPOs on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE) in the 1990s. But those firms' stocks have substantially underperformed the market since going public, and many “higher‐quality” Israeli firms have chosen in recent years to list their securities on the NASDAQ and not at home. The main reason the most promising Israeli firms go public in the U.S. is because that is where U.S. and other foreign investors want to buy them; such investors want the assurances that come with the U.S. corporate governance system.