bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tensile Strength of the End-Weave Flexor Tendon Repair
Authors: GABUZDA G. M. , LOVALLO J. L. , NOWAK M. D. 
Published: June 2005

A study was designed to investigate the tensile strength of the end-weave method of tendon repair. Flexor tendons were removed from 13 fresh-frozen human cadavers, transected and repaired with the end-weave technique varying from one to five weaves, with two suture techniques, the commonly used horizontal mattress suture and a new method we have termed the cross stitch. The repairs were then tested in tension to failure on a Materials Test System (MTS) biomechanical testing device. Comparisons were also made to tensile strengths of intact whole tendons, tendon-bone insertions, and distal reinsertion techniques. Tensile strength increased linearly with the number of weaves for both suture methods. The cross stitch was found to have significantly greater strength per weave compared to the horizontal mattress suture ( P < 0.05). Three out of five trials of five weaves done with the cross stitch actually failed at the tendon itself first, rather than through the repair, which was the failure mode for all other trials. The results from this in vitro model suggest that active rehabilitative exercises might safely be performed in the immediate post-operative period after procedures that involve tendon weaving.
Initial Treatment of Closed Metacarpal Fractures
Authors: McMAHON P. J. , WOODS D. A. , BURGE P. D. 
Published: June 2005

A prospective clinical trial compared two forms of initial management for closed stable fractures of the shaft of the finger metacarpals. Patients were randomized to treatment with a compression glove and early mobilization (21 patients) or to immobilization in a plaster splint (21 patients). The mean loss of total active flexion (MP+PIP+DIP) in the second week after injury was 56° in the glove group and 84° in the splint group ( P=0.0036). In the third week, the mean loss of flexion was 23° and 46° respectively ( P=0.0010). Hand volume and PIP joint circumference were significantly smaller in the glove group in the second week but not in the third and fourth weeks. Within each group, however, there was no correlation between range of motion and swelling, suggesting that these were independent variables in this study. The support of the glove helped to relieve pain. Use of a compression glove avoided the loss of function imposed by splintage and was associated with a greater range of movement during the second and third weeks.
The Rupture Rate of Acute Flexor Tendon Repairs Mobilized by the Controlled Active Motion Regimen
Authors: ELLIOT D. , MOIEMEN N. S. , FLEMMING A. F. S. , HARRIS S. B. , FOSTER A. J. 
Published: June 2005

A series of 233 patients with complete divisions of flexor tendons in zones 1 and 2 underwent operation following emergency admission over a period of 3.5 years. These included 203 patients with 317 divided tendons in 224 fingers injuries in zones 1 and 2 and 30 patients with 30 complete divisions of the flexor pollicis longus tendon in zones 1 and 2. All of these patients were mobilized post-operatively in a controlled active motion regimen. 13 (5.8%) fingers and five (16.6%) thumbs suffered tendon rupture during the post-operative period. Patients treated during the last year of the study were followed prospectively for a minimum period of 3 months; ten of the 16 (62.5%) fingers with zone 1 repairs, 50 of the 63 (79.4%) fingers with zone 2 repairs, all three (100%) FPL divisions in zone 1 and three of four (75%) FPL divisions in zone 2 had good and excellent results on assessment by the original Strickland criteria (Strickland and Glogovac, 1980). These results confirm the safety of this regimen as an alternative to other regimens of post-operative flexor tendon repair mobilization in zone 1 and 2 finger injuries. However, in the unmodified form used in this series, this regimen has too high a rupture rate for FPL mobilization.
An Approach to Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Hand and Upper Limb
Authors: FLEEGLER E. J. 
Published: June 2005

Referral letters and histories of patients seen for sarcomas involving their hands repeatedly describe a serious tumour found during or after shelling out a “lump”. Many times these apparently unexpected encounters are followed by an incomplete excision which is, in turn, followed by one or more local recurrences. Repeat operations are often amputations of increasing magnitude, and are not infrequently followed by the death of the patient. The hand is a site in which a patient usually presents for evaluation of a swelling when it is quite small. For the patient with a sarcoma, initial adequate surgery offers the best hope of cure. Why are these relatively uncommon tumours of such interest and importance? They frequently afflict young, productive patients. When treated late or inadequately, they can result in tremendous suffering. In recent years there has been considerable progress made in the treatment of sarcomas. Early and effective treatment often allows local control of the tumour without amputation. In order to accomplish this, the approach to these patients must be cautious and precise.
Silicone Synovitis
Authors: LANZETTA M. , HERBERT T. J. , CONOLLY W. B. 
Published: June 2005

Silicone implant arthroplasty is, arguably, the most effective treatment for the majority of patients with symptomatic arthritis in the hand and wrist. In 1985 the problem of silicone synovitis was first brought to our attention. Since that time there have been numerous reports on this condition leading to a worldwide trend against the use of silicone implants. However, the true incidence and effects of silicone synovitis have not been clearly defined. For this reason, we have undertaken a survey of all patients who have undergone silicone implant arthroplasty in the wrist and hand in our Unit between 1975 and 1990. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis and those undergoing MP or IP joint arthroplasty were excluded. Of the 289 implant arthroplasties remaining, we have been able to review personally 229 implants with a mean follow-up of 3.8 years (range 1–15). Although 40% of cases showed significant radiological changes, only 11 patients (4.8%) developed symptoms requiring treatment. Of these, two were managed conservatively whilst the rest underwent revision surgery, all with entirely satisfactory results. We conclude that silicone implant arthroplasty remains the treatment of choice for patients with painful joint disease in the hand and wrist.
Arthroscopic Diagnosis of Ligament Lesions of the Wrist
Authors: ADOLFSSON L. 
Published: June 2005

144 patients with post-traumatic wrist pain hut normal standard radiographs were examined by wrist arthroscopy. Ligamentous lesions were observed in 75 patients. TFCC lesions, classified according to the Palmer classification and including lunato-triquetral interosseous ligament lesions, were seen in 61, and scapho-lunate interosseous ligament lesions in 14 patients. Degenerative TFCC changes were equally common in patients younger than 40 years of age but significantly more common with more than 2 years duration of symptoms. Varying degrees of instability were noted in patients with scapho-lunate interosseous ligament lesions but no associated ligament lesions were observed. Because of the variety of pathological changes arthroscopy is recommended in the management of patients with post-traumatic wrist pain.
The Palmar Fascia after Treatment by the Continuous Extension Technique for Dupuytren’s Contracture
Authors: BRANDES G. , MESSINA A. , REALE E. 
Published: June 2005

After complete elongation using the continuous extension technique the palmar fascia of four patients with Dupuytren’s contracture was examined by light and electron microscopy and compared with non-elongated samples from 20 patients at the same clinical stage of the disease. Nodules and cords were no longer clinically recognizable after extension. The tissue contained collagen fibrils of uniform diameter (about 50 nm), densely packed in fibres parallel to the stretching force. Fine filaments (presumably proteoglycans) formed a network which was intermingled with and periodically bound to the collagen fibrils. Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts with an high biosynthetic activity and oxytalan-like microfibrils were aligned along the collagen fibres. The results show that in Dupuytren’s disease the contracted palmar fascia reacts to external forces with neoformation and reorientation of all tissue components by myofibroblasts.
Sensitivity of the Various Tests for the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: SEROR P. 
Published: June 2005

The electrophysiological results of a prospective study of 150 successive cases of carpal tunnel syndrome in 96 patients are reported to evaluate the sensitivity of nine different electrophysiological tests and thresholds for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. The distal motor latency was >5 ms in 35% of cases and ⩾4 ms in 55% of cases. The distal sensory latency from the PIP joint of the middle finger was up to 3.4 ms in 61% of cases. The middle finger orthodromic conduction velocity (14 cm) was ⩽45 m/s in 66% of cases and the orthodromic conduction velocity after palmar stimulation (8 cm) was ⩽45 m/s in 76%. The remaining 24% of cases were assessed by special tests such as specific median-ulnar latency difference (21%), and the centimetric test was altered in all. Highly sensitive tests are required to assess or exclude the diagnosis in one quarter of cases of carpal tunnel syndrome. Although the specific median-ulnar latency difference is the easiest test to perform, the centimetric test is the most valuable for the assessment of the mildest forms of carpal tunnel syndrome.
Absorption and Reflectivity Measurements on Some Rare Earth Iron Garnets and α-Fe2O3
Authors: Bailey P. C. 
Published: June 2005

Measurements of the absorption coefficient of (111) crystal sections of α-Fe2O3 were made in the visible and near infrared. Absorption peaks were observed centered at energies of about 12000 cm−1 and 16000cm1. Reflectivity measurements on the α-Fe2O3 crystals were carried out in the 30000 cm−1 to 400 cm−1range. Broad reflectivity peaks are found in the near ultraviolet at 24500 cm−1 and 26000 cm−1, respectively. Very strong reflection peaks resulting from the lattice vibrations are present at energies smaller than 700 cm−1.
Several quite sharp peaks are found in the absorption spectra of the rare-earth iron garnets of Dy, Ho,Er and Yb in the 10000 cm−1–13000 cm−1 energy range. The circular dichroism of ytterbium iron garnet is displayed by means of absorption curves for the two senses of circularly polarized light.
Exchange Anisotropy in Rock Magnetism
Authors: Meiklejohn W. H. , Carter R. E. 
Published: June 2005

Some igneous rocks are magnetized in a direction opposite to that expected, if they had been cooled in the earth's magnetic field. These rocks are said to have a reverse thermo-remanent magnetization (reverse TRM). Uyeda has shown that the reverse TRM of the Haruna deposit in Japan is due to an ilmenite-hematite solid solution and has synthesized a solid solution that has a reverse TRM when cooled in fields as high as 16000 oe. He has put forth a theory which contains a mechanism similar to that found in the cobalt-cobaltous oxide system.
Based upon Uyeda's explanation of the reverse TRM, we postulated that the material should have a shifted hysteresis loop and that it should be shifted in the opposite direction to that found in the Co-CoO system. We found that the solid solution—0.6 FeTiO3 0.4 Fe2O3—was shifted by 350 oe in the opposite direction to Co-CoO when cooled in a field. The loop was symmetrical when cooled in zero field. Moreover,we have shown that when the material is cooled in a magnetic field through the Morin transition the loop is shifted in the same direction as Co-CoO.
These results confirm the general features of Uyeda'a model, although the detailed mechanism is still being studied.
We believe that Uyeda's work definitely establishes the reverse TRM of the Haruna deposit as due to a magnetic phenomenon and not due to the reversal of the earth's magnetic field. We believe that the type of magnetic investigation reported in this paper may be applied to other deposits that have a reverse TRM to establish if they are also due to a magnetic phenomenon.
Magnetic Field Measurement Using Ultrasonics
Authors: Radus R. J. 
Published: June 2005

The detection and measurement of magnetic field intensity for purposes of field plotting and uniformity studies is a most important consideration in the field of magnetics. Field plotting and uniformity studies have been conducted on certain sizes of magnetic geometries with rotating coil instruments and Hall generators and quartz crystal magnetometer. The obvious limit of such devices is their minimum resolving power which can be defined in terms of sampling area and mimimum air gap. For the rotating coil instruments, the minimum air gap is 14 in. and the sampling area is roughly 1.2 × 10−2 sq in. Commercially available Hall generators which can be fitted into air gaps of approximately 0.011 in. have sampling areas in the order of 3.2 × 10−3 sq in. Hall generators with sampling areas in the order of 10−7 sq in. have been reported in the literature. Minimum thickness of this type device is presumably less than 0.01 in. The more recent work with the vibrating quartz crystal magnetometer has been used to measure flux density normal to the surface of permanent magnets. The sampling area of this type of equipment is 0.56 × 10−6 sq in. The minimum thickness of this equipment has not yet been reported in the literature.
The flux-measuring equipment being described in this paper has a sampling area of approximately 6.25 × 10−6 sq in. and a senstivity of approximately 0.01 × 10−3 v/gauss. The probe consists of a single turn inductor of length 116 in. which vibrates ±0.00005 in. The inductor is fastened to a probe of 0.01 in. thickness and the 0.0001 in. motion is perpendicular to this 0.01 in. probe thickness. The physical geometry and size of this probe permits measurements in a variety of positions relative to the magnetic circuit. This type of probe is applicable for measuring flux density in air gaps as small as 0.017 in.
The driving device for this equipment is a 60 Kcps magnetostrictive transducer. The complete probe consists of the transducer reactor, a coupling bar of nonmagnetic stainless steel and the thin strip of the nonmagnetic stainless to which the inductoris fastened. The geometry and size of this thin strip can be changed to accommodate variations in both inductor length and displacement.
Permanent Magnet Leakage Permeance Evaluation Based on Polar Radiation Analogy
Authors: Foy J. E. , Parker R. J. 
Published: June 2005

This paper is based on the premise that the permanent magnetcan be considered as an equipotential body and hence electrostatic analogies can be used to advantage in evaluating permanent magnet leakage. The spherical pole formula, which is based on the substitution of a sphere having dimensions, which will make it the equivalent of the actual magnet limb in leakage effect, is described and its application to permanent magnet limb geometry is discussed. Evershed used this approach extensively with his work on the early steel permanent magnet. The authors review this work and explore the conditions affecting the use of this technique in modern permanent magnet materials.
Reversible permeability and limb magnet area to cross section area ratios are found to be influential in the location of the center of the effective polar regions. Today's high coercive force permanent magnet with shorter limb lengths is found to be particularly well-suited to this polar radiation analogy, since the departure from the spherical shape is less extreme than was the case with the earliest low coercive steel magnets. Calculation of demagnetization factors for rods, rings, “U” and “C” shaped magnets are convenient and accurate arrived at by this approach. A geometric criterion is developed which allows magnet configurations to be considered either (a) open circuit (permeance due to limb radiation),or (b) closed circuit magnets where the proximity of the polar regions is such as to increase the free polar radiation. In closed circuit magnet arrangements, the free polar radiation occurs for at least half the magnet limb area so that the spherical pole formula represents a very useful technique in the evaluation of any permanent magnet configuration.
To demonstrate the breadth of usage possible with the spherical pole formula a tubular-shaped magnet used as a magnetron field supply is analyzed to show the utility of this approach in estimating the shape of the axial field characteristic and its relationship to geometry and permanent magnet unit properties.
Saturation Effects in Ferrimagnetic Resonance
Authors: Seiden P. E. , Shaw H. J. 
Published: June 2005

Saturation curves of susceptibility as a function of rf magnetic field have been measured for a number of samples of polycrystalline yttrium iron garnet of varying linewidth. The curves exhibit a region of susceptibility linear in 1/hrf at high rf powers. The region of the initial decline in susceptibility is linear in hrf2,which is predicted both by a small signal relation derived from Callen's ferromagnetic dynamical equation and by a calculation of Schlömann which includes inhomogeneity interactions.
A new method of determining the critical field for spinwave build-up is discussed. This method takes account of the fact that the initial decline in susceptibility is not simply due to the Suhl mechanism for saturation in ferrites.
Rigorous Solution of Eddy Current Losses in Rectangular Bar for Single Plane Domain Wall Model
Authors: Agarwal Paul D. , Rabins L. 
Published: June 2005

Williams, Shockley, and Kittel, and other authors have presented a simple domain model in which magnetization takes place by the movement of a single plane domain wall. The net flux is zero when the domain wall is in the middle of the cross section and the material is magnetized fully when the wall moves to the surface.
Maxwell's equations for the case of a rectangular bar are rigorously solved for any position of the wall and expressions are derived for the current stream function in both regions I and II. The stream function was calculated using an IBM 705 computer and is shown for various positions of the wall and for several ratios of the sides of the rectangle. The power loss for sinusoidal applied induction is calculated. The results show that the loss in the material increases as the distance traversed by the wall, i.e., the dimension of the rectangle at right angles to the domain wall increases.
This solution with some modification also applies to thin laminations; where the domain model, proposed by several authors, consists of domains of equal width alternately magnetized in opposite directions to give the unmagnetized state. The domain walls are perpendicular to the plane of the sheet and magnetization in the sheet plane takes place by lateral movement of these domain walls. For any given thickness of the laminations, a domain wall spacing can be determined to correlate the power loss with experimental values.
Some Physical Properties of Thin Magnetic Films
Authors: Moore A. C. , Young A. S. 
Published: June 2005

In films of nickel iron evaporated under suitable conditions, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy is averaged out by the random array of small crystallites. The stress in the films cannot be eliminated but its effect is made insignificant by using alloys whose mean magnetostriction is zero. In these particular films, no evidence is found of angle of incidence effect but it is shown that they may contain traces of oxide.
It is easier to obtain uniformity in magnetic properties of a number of elements in a plane if the magnetic film is made continuous and edge effects are excluded. No interaction takes place between adjacent areas when spaced 12 cm apart. This spacing can probably be reduced by a factor of at least two without interaction trouble.
Domain Walls in Thin Magnetic Ni-Fe Films
Authors: Methfessel S. , Middelhoek S. , Thomas H. 
Published: June 2005

Néel proposed a transition from the normal type of domain wall (i.e., rotation of the magnetization vector in the plane of the domain wall) to the Néel type (i.e., rotation of the magnetization vector in the plane of the film) at a certain film thickness, which is due to the thickness dependence of the magnetostatic energy. It is suggested that the cross-tie walls observed in thin Ni-Fe films with uniaxial anisotropy correspond to such a transition, in which the cross ties serve to decrease the magnetostatic energy.
According to this explanation, such a structure should occur in a certain thickness range only. Experimental observations on Ni-Fe wedge-shaped films show the occurrence of the cross-tie structure in the thickness range 400–900 A, which is approximately that predicted by theory. The coercive force shows an anomaly in the same range.
The energy reducing function of cross ties is also shown by the Bitter patterns near scratches in the easy-direction in negative magnetostrictive material. In a region along the scratch, the magnetization in the plane of the film is perpendicular to the original easy direction due to the local stresses and again a cross-tie structure is observed.
The predictive power of the CluSTr database
Authors: Petryszak Robert , Kretschmann Ernst , Wieser Daniela , Apweiler Rolf 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: The CluSTr database employs a fully automatic single-linkage hierarchical clustering method based on a similarity matrix. In order to compute the matrix, first all-against-all pair-wise comparisons between protein sequences are computed using the Smith–Waterman algorithm. The statistical significance of the similarity scores is then assessed using a Monte Carlo analysis, yielding Z-values, which are used to populate the matrix. This paper describes automated annotation experiments that quantify the predictive power and hence the biological relevance of the CluSTr data. The experiments utilized the UniProt data-mining framework to derive annotation predictions using combinations of InterPro and CluSTr. We show that this combination of data sources greatly increases the precision of predictions made by the data-mining framework, compared with the use of InterPro data alone. We conclude that the CluSTr approach to clustering proteins makes a valuable contribution to traditional protein classifications.Availability: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/clustr/Contact: rolf.apweiler@ebi.ac.uk