bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Generalized TransducingSalmonellaBacteriophage ES18: Complete Genome Sequence and DNA Packaging Strategy
Authors: Casjens Sherwood R. , Gilcrease Eddie B. , Winn-Stapley Danella A. , Schicklmaier Petra , Schmieger Horst , Pedulla Marisa L. , Ford Michael E. , Houtz Jennifer M. , Hatfull Graham F. , Hendrix Roger W. 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACTThe generalized transducing double-stranded DNA bacteriophage ES18 has an icosahedral head and a long noncontractile tail, and it infects both rough and smoothSalmonella entericastrains. We report here the complete 46,900-bp genome nucleotide sequence and provide an analysis of the sequence. Its 79 genes and their organization clearly show that ES18 is a member of the lambda-like (lambdoid) phage group; however, it contains a novel set of genes that program assembly of the virion head. Most of its integration-excision, immunity, Nin region, and lysis genes are nearly identical to those of the short-tailedSalmonellaphage P22, while other early genes are nearly identical toEscherichia coliphages λ and HK97,S. entericaphage ST64T, or aShigella flexneriprophage. Some of the ES18 late genes are novel, while others are most closely related to phages HK97, lambda, or N15. Thus, the ES18 genome is mosaically related to other lambdoid phages, as is typical for all group members. Analysis of virion DNA showed that it is circularly permuted and about 10% terminally redundant and that initiation of DNA packaging series occurs across an approximately 1-kbp region rather than at a precise location on the genome. This supports a model in which ES18 terminase can move substantial distances along the DNA between recognition and cleavage of DNA destined to be packaged. Bioinformatic analysis of large terminase subunits shows that the different functional classes of phage-encoded terminases can usually be predicted from their amino acid sequence.
Different Foreign Genes Incidentally Integrated into the Same Locus of the
Streptococcus suis
Genome
Authors: Sekizaki Tsutomu , Takamatsu Daisuke , Osaki Makoto , Shimoji Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACT

Some strains of
Streptococcus suis
possess a type II restriction-modification (RM) system, whose genes are thought to be inserted into the genome between
purH
and
purD
from a foreign source by illegitimate recombination. In this study, we characterized the
purHD
locus of the
S. suis
genomes of 28 serotype reference strains by DNA sequencing. Four strains contained the RM genes in the locus, as described before, whereas 11 strains possessed other genetic regions of seven classes. The genetic regions contained a single gene or multiple genes that were either unknown or similar to hypothetical genes of other bacteria. The mutually exclusive localization of the genetic regions with the atypical G+C contents indicated that these regions were also acquired from foreign sources. No transposable element or long-repeat sequence was found in the neighboring regions. An alignment of the nucleotide sequences, including the RM gene regions, suggested that the foreign regions were integrated by illegitimate recombination via short stretches of nucleotide identity. By using a thermosensitive suicide plasmid, the RM genes were experimentally introduced into an
S. suis
strain that did not contain any foreign genes in that locus. Integration of the plasmid into the
S. suis
genome did not occur in the
purHD
locus but occurred at various chromosomal loci, where there were 2 to 10 bp of nucleotide identity between the chromosome and the plasmid. These results suggest that various foreign genes described here were incidentally integrated into the same locus of the
S. suis
genome.
Conjugative Transfer of theLactococcus lactisChromosomal Sex Factor Promotes Dissemination of the Ll.LtrB Group II Intron
Authors: Belhocine Kamila , Yam Karen K. , Cousineau Benoit 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACTThe Ll.LtrB group II intron from the low-G+C gram-positive bacteriumLactococcus lactiswas the first bacterial group II intron shown to splice and mobilize in vivo. This retroelement interrupts the relaxase gene (ltrB) of threeL. lactisconjugative elements: plasmids pRS01 and pAH90 and the chromosomal sex factor. Conjugative transfer of a plasmid harboring a segment of the pRS01 conjugative plasmid including the Ll.LtrB intron allows dissemination of Ll.LtrB amongL. lactisstrains and lateral transfer of this retroelement fromL. lactistoEnterococcus faecalis. Here we report the dissemination of the Ll.LtrB group II intron amongL. lactisstrains following conjugative transfer of the native chromosomally embeddedL. lactissex factor. We demonstrated that Ll.LtrB dissemination is highly variable and often more efficient from this integrative and conjugative element than from an engineered conjugative plasmid. Cotransfer amongL. lactisstrains of both Ll.LtrB-containing elements, the conjugative plasmid and the sex factor, was detected and shown to be synergistic. Moreover, following their concurrent transfer, both mobilizable elements supported the spread of their respective copies of the Ll.LtrB intron. Our findings explain the unusually high efficiency of Ll.LtrB mobility observed following conjugation of intron-containing plasmids.
Pseudomonas-SaccharomycesInteractions: Influence of Fungal Metabolism on Bacterial Physiology and Survival
Authors: Romano Julia D. , Kolter Roberto 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACTFungal-bacterial interactions are ubiquitous, yet their molecular basis is only poorly understood. In this study, a novel beneficial interaction between a strain ofPseudomonas putidaand the fungusSaccharomyces cerevisiaewas identified. When the bacteria were incubated alone in grape juice or in synthetic medium containing various concentrations of glucose, they lost viability rapidly during stationary phase. However, when the bacteria were incubated in these media in the presence of the fungus, their stationary phase survival improved dramatically. On agar plates containing glucose, the beneficial effects of the fungus were manifested in robust bacterial growth and exopolysaccharide production that led to visible mucoidy. In contrast, bacteria grew poorly and were nonmucoid in such media in the absence of the fungus. By using the availableS. cerevisiaedeletion library, yeast mutants that were unable to mediate this beneficial interaction were identified. These mutants revealed that the beneficial effect on bacterial physiology and survival was mediated by the ability of the fungus to metabolize the available glucose and consequent effects on the medium's pH. In natural environments where the concentration of glucose is high, it is likely that the presence of fungi has had profound beneficial effects on the physiology and survival of certainP. putidastrains throughout their natural history.
PML mediates IFN-α–induced apoptosis in myeloma by regulating TRAIL induction
Authors: Crowder Chun , Dahle Øyvind , Davis R. Eric , Gabrielsen Odd S. , Rudikoff Stuart 
Published: January 2005

AbstractInterferon (IFN) induces expression of proapoptotic genes and has been used in the clinical treatment of multiple myeloma. The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene is an IFN-induced target that encodes a tumor suppressor protein. PML protein is typically localized within discrete speckled nuclear structures termed PML nuclear bodies (NBs). Multiple myeloma cells demonstrate differential responses to IFN treatment, the mechanism of which is largely unknown. Herein, we show that growth inhibition effects of IFN-α in myeloma cells correlate with PML NBs and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induction, whereas known IFN targets including signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1), STAT3, p38, and Daxx cannot account for these differential responses. RNAi silencing of PML blocks IFN-α–induced apoptosis in myeloma cells and correspondingly down-regulates TRAIL expression. Similarly, stable expression of a dominant negative TRAIL receptor DR5 partially blocks IFN-induced cell death. These results demonstrate that PML and TRAIL play important roles in IFN-induced apoptosis and identify TRAIL as a novel downstream transcriptional target of PML. Identification of PML and PML NBs as effectors of IFN responses provides insights into mechanisms by which tumor cells exhibit resistance to this class of agents and may prove useful in assessing treatment regimens.
Prevention of lethal acute GVHD with an agonistic CD28 antibody and rapamycin
Authors: Albert Michael H. , Yu Xue-Zhong , Martin Paul J. , Anasetti Claudio 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSuccessful hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) from an allogeneic donor ideally should produce tolerance to recipient alloantigens while preserving anti-infectious and antitumor immunity. Rapamycin together with costimulation blockade can induce tolerance in organ allograft models by inhibiting G1 → S-phase progression and promoting T-cell apoptosis. In contrast to blocking costimulation through CD28, administration of agonistic CD28-specific antibody 37.51 partially prevents lethal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) by selective depletion of alloreactive T cells in mice. We hypothesized that combining rapamycin with agonistic CD28 treatment would improve GVHD control by tolerizing a small subset of alloreactive T cells that might escape effects of the CD28-specific antibody. A short course of rapamycin plus agonistic CD28 treatment showed synergism at suboptimal doses, was highly effective in preventing lethal GVHD, and was superior to rapamycin plus CD28 blockade in a major histocompatibility complex class I– and II–mismatched HCT model. The combination treatment reduced the number of proliferating, alloreactive cells in the recipient, promoted donor B- and T-cell reconstitution, and reduced inflammatory cytokine levels. Administration of rapamycin plus agonistic CD28 antibodies offers a promising new therapeutic approach to facilitate tolerance after HCT.
Rivastigmine: an open-label, observational study of safety and effectiveness in treating patients with Alzheimer's disease for up to 5 years
Authors: Farlow Martin R , Lilly Mary L ,   for the ENA713 B352 Study Group
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Background
Rivastigmine, a butyl- and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, is approved for symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Data supporting the safety and efficacy of second-generation cholinesterase inhibitors, such as rivastigmine, are available for treatment up to 1 year, with limited data up to 2 1/2 years. The purpose of this report is to present safety and effectiveness data for rivastigmine therapy in patients with mild to moderately severe AD receiving treatment for up to 5 years.

Methods
An observational approach was used to study 37 patients with originally mild to moderate AD receiving rivastigmine as a therapy for AD in an open-label extension (ENA713, B352 Study Group, 1998).

Results
The initial trial demonstrated rivastigmine was well-tolerated and effective in terms of cognition, global functioning and activities of daily living. In this open label extension, high-dose rivastigmine therapy was safe and well tolerated over a 5-year period. Two thirds of the participants still enrolled at week 234 were in the original high-dose rivastigmine group during the double-blind phase, suggesting that early therapy may confer some benefit in delaying long-term progression of symptoms.

Conclusions
Long-term cholinesterase inhibition therapy with rivastigmine was well tolerated, with no dropouts due to adverse effects past the initial titration period. Early initiation of treatment, with titration to high-dose therapy, may have an advantage in delaying progression of the illness.
Ein Modellgestützter Prädiktiver Ansatz zur Regelung von Ladedruck und AGR-Rate beim Nutzfahrzeug-Dieselmotor (A Model based Attempt to Control Boost Pressure and EGR-Rate for a Heavy Duty Engine)
Authors: Rückert Joachim , Richert Felix , Abel Dirk , Herrmann Olaf E. , Pfeifer Andreas , Schloßer Axel , Pischinger Stefan 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Entwicklung einer simultanen Regelung von Ladedruck und Abgasrückführrate für Nutzfahrzeug-Dieselmotoren [9]. Für die Regelung wird ein modellgestütztes prädiktives Verfahren eingesetzt. Im Rahmen des von der Europäischen Gemeinschaft geförderten Projektes “ATECS” (Advanced Truck Engine Control System) wurden als Entwicklungsumgebung nichtlineare Simulationsmodelle eines 12 Liter und eines 6 Liter Motors unter Matlab/Simulink® erstellt [7;13]. Diese Arbeiten wurden am Institut für Regelungstechnik (IRT) der RWTH Aachen in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Lehrstuhl für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen (VKA) der RWTH Aachen durchgeführt. Nach der Entwicklung und Erprobung in der Simulation wurde die Regelung in Zusammenarbeit mit dem VKA und der FEV Motorentechnik dort an einem 6 Liter Nutzfahrzeugmotor umgesetzt [4]. Die mit der Regelung erzielten transienten Emissionen wurden in zulassungsrelevanten Testzyklen ermittelt.
Stationäre und dynamische Motorvermessung zur Auslegung von Steuerkennfeldern – Eine kurze Übersicht (Static and Dynamic Measurements of Combustion Engines for Optimization of Control Mappings – A Brief Survey)
Authors: Zimmerschied Ralf , Weber Matthias , Isermann Rolf 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
In Form einer Übersicht werden unterschiedliche Vermessungsstrategien (Identifikationsmethoden) von Verbrennungsmotoren vorgestellt, die gegenüber den klassischen Rastermethoden eine wesentliche Verkürzung der Messzeit erzielen. Das Ziel der Vermessung ist die Modellbildung für die Offline-Optimierung von Steuerkennfeldern des stark nichtlinearen Systems Verbrennungsmotor mit mehreren Ein- und Ausgangsgrößen. Es werden stationäre und dynamische Vermessungs- sowie Modellbildungsmethoden vorgestellt.
Density of the System LiF–NaF–K2NbF7
Authors: Chrenková M. , Cibulková Jarmila , Šimko František , Daněk Vladimír 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
The density of the melts in the system LiF–NaF–K2NbF7 has been measured using an Archimedean method. Based on the measured density values, the molar volumes, partial molar volumes and excess molar volumes of the melts were calculated. The measurement of density in the investigated system has shown that a significant ternary interaction exists in the melts, which can be ascribed to the formation of different complex anions.
Achondroplasia
Authors: Pauli Richard M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAchondroplasia is the most common of the skeletal dysplasias, arising in approximately 1 in 26,000 individuals. Most individuals with achondroplasia can be expected to have a normal life expectancy. However, they are at increased risk for a variety of medical sequelae, most of which are explicable on the basis of abnormalities of growth of cartilaginous bone or disproportionate growth of cartilaginous bone when compared with other contiguous tissues. Issues of concern include growth, motoric development, adaptive needs, hydrocephalus, cervicomedullary junction constriction, restrictive and obstructive pulmonary disease, middle ear dysfunction, kyphosis, lumbosacral spinal stenosis, bowing of the legs, and anesthetic risks. The natural history of achondroplasia can be beneficially modified by timely anticipatory medical care.
Fetal Anticonvulsant Syndrome
Authors: Gallagher Renata C. , Kingham Kerry , Hoyme H. Eugene 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFetal anticonvulsant syndrome refers to the increased birth prevalence of major malformations and the characteristic pattern of minor anomalies identified in some children born to women who have taken antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy. The major malformations described most frequently are those common in the general population: congenital heart defects, cleft lip and/or cleft palate, and genitourinary abnormalities. There is an even greater birth prevalence of major malformations in children born to women taking two antiepileptic drugs, and the prevalence of major malformations continues to increase with each additional antiepileptic drug taken during pregnancy. Microcephaly or growth retardation may be observed, particularly when there has been exposure to multiple antiepileptic drugs. A characteristic pattern of minor anomalies may be observed, including midface and digital hypoplasia, and there is an increased incidence of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn in children exposed to phenytoin, carbamazepine, and phenobarbital., We discuss the evaluation and management of children exposed to antiepileptic drugsin utero.
Gorlin Syndrome (Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome)
Authors: Farndon Peter 
Published: January 2005

AbstractGorlin syndrome (nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome) is a multisystem disorder associated with mutations in the patched gene (PTCH). Two of the main features are recurrent odontogenic keratocysts and basal cell carcinomas. Thus, surveillance and long‐term support are of great clinical importance for people with Gorlin syndrome. The basal cell nevus that gives this condition its name is a unique type of basal cell carcinoma capable of aggressive behavior in adults. This condition is also associated with developmental anomalies, a recognizable facial appearance with macrocephaly and frontal bossing, ovarian fibroma, medulloblastoma, and cardiac fibroma. Some individuals have a particular sensitivity to therapeutic radiation. The prevalence of this autosomal dominant condition is said to be 1 in 40,000.
Klinefelter Syndrome
Authors: Simpson Joe Leigh , Graham John M. , Samango‐sprouse Carole , Swerdloff Ronald 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn 1942, Klinefelter and colleagues delineated a syndrome in which postpubertal males showed normal external genitalia, gynecomastia and lack of pubertal virilization; small firm testes with tubular hyalinization with a decreased number of Leydig cells; azoospermia; elevated gonadotropin levels; and decreased 17‐ketosteroid levels. It was not until 1959 that the 47,XXY chromosome constitution was demonstrated. The incidence of Klinefelter syndrome is 1.2 per 1000 live‐born males. Minimal diagnostic criteria are now accepted to be the presence of at least one Y chromosome and two X chromosomes. Variants with three or four X chromosomes are less common. Klinefelter syndrome accounts for perhaps 5–15% of infertility in males, in particular, the group with oligospermia or azoospermia.
Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1
Authors: De Die‐smulders Christine E. M. , Jennekens Frans G. I. , Höweler Chris J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMyotonic dystrophy type 1 is characterized by muscle weakness, myotonia, and multiple organ complications. Age of onset is very variable and is an important factor determining the clinical picture. The management is difficult due to the chronic course, the variability of symptoms, and the personality traits of myotonic dystrophy type 1 individuals. Annual follow‐up is recommended, using a standardized protocol such as the Cardiff Myotonic Dystrophy Muscle Clinic Record. Furthermore, education of affected individuals and their relatives and active dissemination of management protocols are important.
N
oonan Syndrome
Authors: Allanson Judith E. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract

Noonan syndrome is characterized by short stature, congenital heart defects, broad or webbed neck, unusual chest shape with superior pectus carinatum and inferior pectus excavatum, developmental delay of variable degree, cryptorchidism, and typical facies. Facial appearance changes considerably over time. Variable coagulation defects and lymphatic dysplasias are often found. It is a common autosomal dominant disorder that is frequently undiagnosed in the mildly affected individual. One gene responsible for Noonan syndrome,
PTPN11
, has been identified. The gene product SHP‐2 plays a role in development of the semilunar valves.
V
on
H
ippel–
L
indau Syndrome
Authors: Neil Schimke R. , Collins Debra L. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Von Hippel–Lindau syndrome is a multisystem disorder inherited as an incompletely penetrant autosomal dominant trait. The chief features of the syndrome are tumors, both benign and malignant. Multiple visceral cysts are common as well. The von Hippel–Lindau gene, located on chromosome 3p25‐26 is a recessive tumor‐suppressor gene. Its function is complex. Some genotype‐phenotype correlation exists. Effective treatment can be accomplished by early clinical and molecular identification of gene carriers. Anticipatory guidance is the key.
Multiple surface structures in polyolefins formed by modification methods
Authors: Nazarov V. G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNew methods for the formation of multiple surface structures in polyolefins were developed both at the molecular and macromolecular levels, which produced a high local nonuniformity of surface properties. In particular, I obtained varied molecular structures at the surface as a result of consecutive heterophase fluorination and sulfonation reactions of the polymers. Nonuniform macroscopic surface structures were formed with dosed thermal and deformation treatments of prefluorinated polymeric materials with the partial destruction of the formed modified layer and the subsequent predominant sulfonation of the disclosed macroscopic regions of the initial nonfluorinated polymer. The kinetics of the multiplet structure formation were studied. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95:1198–1208, 2005
Structure and processability of iodinated poly(vinyl alcohol). II. Drawability of iodinated films
Authors: Shin Eun Joo , Lee Yang Hun , Choi Suk Chul 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe drawability of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films iodinated with 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mol/L I2/KI aqueous solutions was examined with a tensile tester and a hand‐operated drawer at 30–150°C. The structure of the films drawn to a maximum draw ratio (MDR) and deiodinated was determined by X‐ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and birefringence. Generally, the improvement of the drawability for the PVA film via iodination was ascertained by the increased breaking strain and decreased yield stress on the stress–strain curves when increasing the I2/KI concentration of the aqueous solutions used in the iodination. The MDR was generally increased with the concentration of I2/KI and the draw temperature. However, it diminished instead when close to the highest temperature and concentration of I2/KI, which was likely due to molecular degradation by the action of iodine as an oxidizer. The variation of the structure of the films drawn and deiodinated seems to be dependent mainly upon the MDR rather than the concentration of I2/KI. The greater the MDR was, the higher the degree of crystallinity, birefringence, and initial modulus were but the lower the melting temperature. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95:1209–1214, 2005