bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgery for Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreatic Head: Staging, Complications, and Survival after Regional versus Extended Lymphadenectomy
Authors: Henne‐Bruns Doris , Vogel Ilka , Lüttges Jutta , Klöppel Günter , Kremer Bernd 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of regional versus extended lymphadenectomy on survival after partial pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer. From October 1988 to December 1991 (Department of Surgery, University of Hamburg) and from January 1992 to March 1998 (Department of Surgery, University of Kiel) 72 patients with histologically proven ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head were treated. Partial pancreaticoduodenectomy with regional lymphadenectomy was performed in 26 patients. In 46 patients lymphadenectomy was expanded to include extended retroperitoneal lymphatic and connective tissue clearance. Comparing these two groups and including only patients with R0 resections (n= 58) no significant differences in long‐term survival could be shown. The following parameters were shown to have a significant or nearly significant influence on long‐term survival: (1) stage of the disease: The 5‐year survival of patients with stage I/II pancreatic head cancer was 63%, compared to 15% in patients with stage III/IV a + b of the disease (p= 0.0087). (2) Grading: The 1‐year survival of patients with well or moderately differentiated tumors was 55%, compared to 0% for patients with poorly differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma (p= 0.0022). (3) N stage: The 5‐year survival of patients in N0 stage was 46.9%, compared with 15% for N1 stage patients. The difference was not quite significant (p= 0.081). (4) Portal vein involvement: The 1‐year survival was 0% in patients with R0 resections and histologically proven tumor infiltration of the portal vein, compared to 63% for patients with curative resections without portal vein involvement (p= 0.0063). In conclusion our data indicate that extensive retroperitoneal tissue clearance during pancreaticoduodenectomy for ductal pancreatic cancer does not improve survival compared to regional lymphadenectomy restricted to the right side of the mesenteric artery.
Metabolic Management of Patients with Severe Burns
Authors: Demling Robert H. , Seigne Patrick 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.Burn injury results in profound metabolic abnormalities perpetuated by an exaggerated stress response to injury. Hypermetabolism and marked catabolism, with rapid erosion of lean body mass, becomes evident shortly after injury. Much of the morbidity and mortality of a major burn can be attributed to this process, which increases infection risks, decreases the healing rate, and alters cell function. Rapid removal of devitalized burn tissue combined with early aggressive nutritional support significantly attenuates this autodestructive process. The addition of anabolic agents decreases the degree of lean mass loss and increases the rate of restoration. Immediate attention to the metabolic response to a severe burn significantly decreases complications and improves outcome.
Metabolic Response to Severe Surgical Illness: Overview
Authors: Wilmore Douglas W. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.Severe surgical illness results in metabolic responses that mobilize substrate (amino acids and fatty acids) from body stores to support vital organs, enhance resistance to infection, and ensure wound healing. Central to this process is the redistribution of body protein, which moves from skeletal muscle to support the central viscera. If unsupported, this protein‐wasting state could result in prolonged convalescence, diminished immunity, and poor wound healing. Present evidence suggests that the central nervous system plays a major role in regulating this protein catabolic response. Infusing exceedingly small quantities of the proinflammatory cytokines into the brain can mimic injury responses, and central cytokine blockade may be one therapeutic approach to attenuating these responses safely in the future. Additional evidence also demonstrates that the function of the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary is dampened during the later stages of severe surgical illness, and the possibility of hormonal replacement therapy needs to be explored.
A host shift from wild blue cohosh to cultivated potato by the phytophagous ladybird beetle, Epilachna yasutomii (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae)
Authors: Shirai Y. , Morimoto Naotake 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLife history traits of the phytophagous ladybird beetle Epilachna yasutomii were compared between a nonpest population feeding on wild blue cohosh and a pest population feeding on cultivated solanaceous crops, mainly potato. Newly emerged adults of the nonpest population entered diapause early in midsummer when blue cohosh withered, while adults of the pest population were found in tomato and eggplant fields until late autumn. The pest population had larger females, a higher population growth rate, a shorter larval developmental period, and reduced longevity of overwintered females, compared with the nonpest population. ANOVA indicated that all these life history traits were influenced by the food plant, and that the number of eggs laid per female and the longevity of overwintered females were also affected by the population type. These findings suggest that the life history pattern of E. yasutomii changed to high fecundity with a short life span from low fecundity with a long life span as a result of the host shift from wild blue cohosh to cultivated solanaceous crops.
A Comparison of the Mechanical Strength of Two Stapled Anastomosis Techniques for Equine Small Intestine
Authors: Bickers R. Jay , Blackford James T. , Eiler Hugo , Rohrbach Bart 
Published: August 2002

Objective— To compare bursting strength, time of construction, and cost of a closed one‐stage, stapled functional end‐to‐end jejunojejunostomy (FEE) with a stapled side‐to‐side jejunojejunostomy (STS).Study design— Experimental, randomized block design.Animals— Seven adult horses without gastrointestinal disease.Methods— The jejunum was isolated, and three FEE, three STS, and three control segments were created in each horse using a randomized block design. Anastomosis time was recorded. The intraluminal pressure at failure and mode of failure were recorded. Length at failure was measured on digitized images. Bursting pressure (BP), bursting wall tension (BWT), anastomosis time, and cost were compared.Results— Control jejunal segments were stronger (P≤ .0001) in bursting strength and bursting wall tension (P≤ .0001) than either anastomosis type; no difference was found between anastomosis types for either variable. Functional end‐to‐end jejunojejunostomy was significantly quicker and less costly than STS (P≤ .0001).Conclusions— Mechanically there were no significant differences between the FEE and STS techniques. The FEE technique maintained the physiologic direction of peristalsis of the segments, required less tissue manipulation, and was faster and more economical to create.Clinical relevance— The FEE is a clinically viable technique.
Role of Substrates in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Function In Situ
Authors: Leverve Xavier M. , Fontaine Eric 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInvestigations of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation have been mainly carried out in isolated mitochondria, where the experimental conditions can be precisely set. However, in intact living systems oxidative phosphorylation takes place in a complex environment, whose experimental dissection is a major challenge. It has long been recognized that the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation depends on the nature of the respiratory substrates, which feed electrons to the respiratory chain at different levels. Yet, the role of substrates in determining mitochondrial function and their response to energetic stress has been largely overlooked. Here we review recent work showing that the nature of the energetic substrates profoundly affects the mitochondrial responses to manipulations of pathophysiological relevance, such as uncoupling and opening of the permeability transition pore (PTP). Uncoupling of intact hepatocytes caused very different metabolic effects depending on whether carbohydrates or lipids were the energy source. With dihydroxyacetone as the substrate dinitrophenol caused a collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and of the ATP/ADP ratio, while the respiratory rate was increased only transiently. With octanoate as the substrate, on the other hand, dinitrophenol caused a dramatic stimulation of the respiratory rate, while the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP/ADP ratio were affected only marginally. We then review results indicating that the activity of complex I directly regulates the PTP, a finding that emphasizes the importance of the respiratory substrates in PTP regulation.
Heavy Metal Detoxification in Plants: Phytochelatin Biosynthesis and Function
Authors: Cobbett Christopher S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPhytochelatins (PCs) are a family of peptides important in the detoxification of heavy metals such as cadmium in plants and some microorganisms. PCs are synthesised enzymatically from glutathione. Molecular genetic studies, particularly in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, have identified a number of genes important in the biosynthesis or function of PCs. PC‐deficient mutants of Arabidopsis have confirmed both the role of glutathione as the substrate for PC biosynthesis and the role of PCs themselves in heavy metal detoxification in plants. PC synthase genes have been identified in Arabidopsis and other plant species as well as in a number of animal species, suggesting PCs play a wider role in metal detoxification than previously anticipated. PC synthesis is regulated at a number of levels, most importantly through the activation of PC synthase by metal ions. This article reviews recent advances in our understanding of the biosynthesis and function of PCs in plants and other organisms.
Reactive Oxygen Species and Signal Transduction
Authors: Finkel Toren 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests a role for intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as mediators of normal and pathological signal transduction pathways. In particular, a growing list of recent reports have demonstrated a rapid and significant increases in intracellular ROS following growth factor or cytokine stimulation. These ROS appear essential for a host of downstream signaling events. Biochemical characterization of this ligand‐activated ROS production has revealed important information regarding the molecular composition of the cellular oxidases and the regulation of their activity by small GTPases. Work is proceeding on identifying strategies to identify how ROS might specifically regulate signaling pathways by altering the activity of direct target molecules. This review will focus on the progress in the rapid emerging area of oxidant or redox‐dependent signal transduction and speculate how these insights might alter our view and treatment of diseases thought to be caused by oxidative stress.
Hydroxy‐terminated polybutadiene toughened epoxy resin: Chemical modification, microstructure, and impact strength
Authors: Soares Vera L. Pereira , Ramos Valeria D. , Rangel George W. M. , Nascimento Regina Sandra V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe toughening of the epoxy resin diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with hydroxy‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) was investigated. A chemical link between the elastomer and the epoxy resin was promoted employing tolylene diisocyanate (TDI). In the first step, HTPB and TDI (in excess) reacted forming urethane links, and after increasing the temperature and adding a catalyst, TDI–HTPB reacted with epoxy resin forming oxazolidone links. The reactions were followed by FTIR and chemical analysis. The final cured materials contained up to 10 phr of elastomer. Impact resistance increased with elastomer concentration up to 5 phr of HTPB, which was present as rubber particles with average diameter ranging from 1 to 4 μm. Higher concentrations of HTPB resulted in larger particles and gave lower impact values. The overall results have shown that it is possible to obtain, with
the process employed, an impact resistance increase of 100% with the use of HTPB as a toughening agent for the epoxy resin. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 21: 25–32, 2002; DOI 10.1002/adv.10012
Polyester of dimethyl 7‐(N‐pyrrolidinyl)‐2,7‐cycloheptadiene‐1,2‐dicarboxylate and its lithium triflate complex
Authors: Kavuklu Özen , Güner Ali̇ , Tunoğlu Nazan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new polyester, poly[ethylene 7‐(N‐pyrrolidinyl)‐2,7‐cycloheptadiene‐1,2‐dicarboxylate] and its lithium triflate complex have been successfully synthesized and characterized in detail. Solution studies (viscosity and electronic spectroscopy) were realized in two different solvent mixtures, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)/dimethyl formamide (DMF) (1:1 v/v) and DMSO/p‐chlorophenol (p‐CP) (1:1 v/v). DMSO/p‐CP was a better solvent mixture to obtain Li+ ion‐doped polyester. FTIR spectra supported the complex formation. According to viscosimetric measurements the polymer was a low molecular weight polyester. In DTG analysis, the polymer decomposed by a multi‐step process whereas two‐step decomposition was observed for polymer–Li+ ion complex. The glass transition temperature of the polyester and its Li+complex were determined as 345°C and 360°C respectively by means of DSC analysis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 21: 125–131, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.10013
Food consumption in the European Union: Main determinants and country differences
Authors: Gracia A. , Albisu L.M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractConsumers in the European Union are involved in integration processes that head towards homogenization of food consumption patterns. Several factors are encouraging these homogenization trends based on consumers' similarities and corporate activities. In this article a review of the food consumption structure, across European Union countries, is undertaken. First, food consumption trends in different countries are described and, second, factors, which determine consumer choices, are presented. Despite the fact that European consumers face more homogeneous food market conditions, food consumption differences exist because preferences and food habits are still different among European consumers, and the market is fragmented (EconLit: L660). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lactate dehydrogenase production and release in a newly established human myeloma cell line
Authors: Hatakeyama Nobuo , Daibata Masanori , Nemoto Yuiko , Ohtsuki Yuji , Taguchi Hirokuni 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAggressive multiple myeloma with high serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) often has unusual clinical features and is considered to be a distinct clinical entity of multiple myeloma. A myeloma cell line, designated Maska‐98, was established from the bone marrow of a patient with aggressive myeloma with extremely high serum LDH that was resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Maska‐98 cells had morphological features of immature plasma cells, and immunophenotypic analysis showed that the cells expressed the plasma cell‐associated surface antigens including CD38, 49d, and 56, but no T‐ or B‐cell antigens, such as CD2, 3, 4, 8, 19, and 20. Maska‐98 cells contained cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (IgG λ). By utilizing this cell line we demonstrated that the myeloma cells produce and release a large amount of LDH, since (i) abundant LDH was found in the culture supernatant of Maska‐98, (ii) immunocytochemical analysis showed that cytoplasm of the cells was strongly stained with anti‐LDH monoclonal antibody, and (iii) Maska‐98 cells expressed a greater amount of LDH mRNA than the T‐cell line TALL‐1, as shown by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. As far as we know, there is no report of a myeloma cell line producing excess LDH. Therefore, Maska‐98 would provide a novel source for further studies of the pathogenesis of aggressive multiple myeloma with high serum LDH. Am. J. Hematol. 66:267–273, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early onset Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Saito Takeshi , Seo Sachiko , Kanda Yoshinobu , Shoji Nahoko , Ogasawara Toshie , Murakami Jun , Tanosaki Ryuji , Tobinai Kensei , Takaue Yoichi , Mineishi Shin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPneumocystis carinii (P. carinii) is one of the major opportunistic pathogens responsible for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)‐related pneumonias. Although trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazol (TMP/SMX) prophylaxis has been shown to prevent almost all P. carinii infections, 1%–2% of patients may still experience this complication. P. carinii pneumonia (PCP) is usually a late complication in patients receiving TMP/SMX prophylaxis, with most cases occurring later than 2 months post‐transplant. We report a patient who developed early onset PCP after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from an HLA‐identical sibling donor. On day 12, the patient complained of dyspnea and cough. A chest X ray showed infiltrates in right upper lobe with bilateral pleural effusion. By the findings of Grocott stain on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained on day 14, he was diagnosed as having PCP. Intravenous TMP/SMX failed to improve the lesion. This is the earliest onset PCP in the literature after HSCT despite the prophylactic administration of TMP/SMX before transplant. Am. J. Hematol. 67:206–209, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow cytometric analysis of cell‐surface and intracellular antigens in the diagnosis of acute leukemia
Authors: Paredes‐Aguilera Rogelio , Romero‐Guzman Lina , Lopez‐Santiago Norma , Burbano‐Ceron Lenny , Camacho‐Del Monte Ofelia , Nieto‐Martinez Sandra 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo evaluate the usefulness of flow cytometric detection of intracellular antigens (Ags) in establishing proper lineage affiliation and its contribution to the diagnosis of acute leukemia, we studied 100 consecutive patients in whom acute leukemia was diagnosed between January 1997 and July 1998. Immunological classification was assessed using a three‐line panel of monoclonal antibodies for phenotypic characterization of leukemic blast cells as proposed at the First Latin American Consensus Conference for Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping of Leukemia.We found 74 cases of B‐cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), seven cases of T‐cell ALL, and 19 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study cytoplasmic (cy) CD79a, cyCD22, cyCD3, and cyMPO were highly sensitive, specific B, T, and myeloid markers that were expressed in virtually all cases of B and T cell ALL and in all subtypes of AML. Applied in combination with immunophenotyping this knowledge led to improvement in diagnostic precision and refinement of immunological classification, ensuring the selection of the most appropriate therapy for the patients studied. In conclusion, intracellular Ags detection was of utmost importance in establishing correct lineage affiliation in cases lacking expression of B, T, or myeloid surface Ags or disclosing equivocal or ambiguous immunophenotypic features and in identifying biphenotypic acute leukemia. In combination with FAB morphology and immunophenotyping, we were able to reliably classify all patients with acute leukemia in this study. Am. J. Hematol. 68:69–74, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Working with low back pain: Workplace and individual psychosocial determinants of limited duty and lost time¶*
Authors: Feuerstein Michael , Berkowitz Steven M. , Haufler Amy J. , Lopez Mary S. , Huang Grant D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have identified the risk factors associated with lost time in employees working with occupational low back pain (OLBP) despite the presence of pain. Such data could assist in the development of evidenced‐based secondary prevention programs.MethodsThe present investigation was a case‐control study (n = 421) of demographic, health behavior, ergonomic, workplace and individual psychosocial factors hypothesized to be associated with lost time in young, full‐time employees (i.e., soldiers) with OLBP. Analyses of the burden of OLBP in terms of the number of days on limited duty and lost time status were also computed.ResultsLogistic regression analysis indicated that female gender, education beyond HS/GED, longer time working in military, higher levels of daily life worries, no support from others, higher levels of ergonomic exposure, stressful work, increased peer cohesion, and greater perceived effort at work placed a worker at a greater likelihood for OLBP‐related lost work time. Lower levels of innovation, involvement, and supervisor support were also associated with lost time. Linear regression indicated that the number of days of lost time and limited duty was associated with lower levels of physical health and higher levels of symptom severity.ConclusionsThe results support the potential utility of interventions targeting ergonomic, workplace and individual psychosocial risk factors in secondary prevention. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:627–638, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc
All in the family: Evaluation of the process and content of sisters' communication about BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic test results
Authors: Hughes Chanita , Lerman Caryn , Schwartz Marc , Peshkin Beth N. , Wenzel Lari , Narod Steven , Corio Camille , Tercyak Kenneth P. , Hanna Danielle , Isaacs Claudine , Main David 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDespite the potential importance of family communication, little is known about the process and content of communicating BRCA1/2 test results to relatives. The objectives of this observational study were to describe the process and content of communicating BRCA1/2 test results to sisters, and to evaluate whether the proband's carrier status influenced communication outcomes. Participants were 43 women who were the first family member to have genetic testing (probands). Probands reported on communication outcomes for 81 sisters. Process and content variables were evaluated 1‐month after receipt of BRCA1/2 test results using the Family Communication Questionnaire (FCQ). Overall, BRCA1/2 test results were communicated to 85% of sisters, and carriers communicated their results to significantly more sisters compared to uninformative (96% vs. 76%, FET = 0.02). The most important reason for communicating results was to provide genetic risk information; however, compared to uninformatives, carriers communicated their results to significantly more sisters to obtain emotional support (74%) and to get advice about medical decisions (42%) (FET = 0.001). Carriers also discussed the possibility of discrimination and recommendations for cancer management with significantly more sisters. Among sisters to whom BRCA1/2 test results were not communicated, the most important reason for not sharing test results was because of emotionally distant relationships. The results of this study suggest that probands are likely to quickly communicate their BRCA1/2 test results to relatives and that although needs for social support may motivate family communication, emotionally distant relationships may be a barrier to communication with relatives. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.