bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Just Marriage
Authors: Shanley Mary Lyndon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the ground breaking legal decisions on gay marriage to the promotion of marriage for low-income families, the “sacred institution” of marriage has turned into a public battleground. Who should be allowed to marry and is marriage a public or private act? Should marriage be abandoned completely? Or should marriage be redefined as a civil institution that promotes sexual and racial equality? As the fierce national debate over same-sex marriage and civil unions continues, Mary Lyndon Shanley argues that while the state should continue to play a role in regulating personal relations, the law must be fundamentally reformed if marriage is to become a more just institution. Fourteen prominent writers and thinkers respond, including Nancy F. Cott, William N. Eskridge, Jr., Amitai Etzioni, Martha Albertson Fineman, and Cass R. Sunstein.
Just Marriage:On The Public Importance Of Private Unions
Authors: Shanley Mary Lyndon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
American conservatives pride themselves on moral clarity. And that clarity is nowhere greater than on the topic of marriage and family. The essentials of marriage are, they say, well defined: it unites a man and a woman; it provides the foundation for a family that may include biological or adopted children; it assigns different roles to men and women; and it is a union for life, indissoluble except for the most grievous offenses. These essentials are, according to conservatives, not a product of the vagaries of social convention or contingent cultural choices but are instead given by nature, scripture, or tradition. Moreover, preserving them is intrinsically good for individuals and has great public benefits: marriage is the foundation of society, and a strong foundation will protect against society’s ills, from crime to poverty.
Cardiac Development
Authors: Kirby Margaret Loewy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is the only in-depth, single author survey of heart development. It will provide a more systematic, up-to-date synthesis of the subject than any other volume, spanning the range from classical anatomical studies to recent findings in molecular biology. It also covers topics that are often omitted from discussions of heart development, such as myocardial function, cardiac innervation, and conduction development and clinical correlates will be discussed throughout. The book is beautifully illustrated by Karen Waldo, an artist who has collaborated with Dr. Kirby for many years.
Functional Developmental Biology of the Myocardium
Authors: Kirby Margaret Loewy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Much of the biochemistry and physiology as well as morphology of heart development has been studied most rigorously in avian species, particularly the chick embryo because, like mammals, they have four-chambered hearts. With the advent of new technologies, mouse and zebrafish embryos have become important models particularly for genetic studies of early morphogenesis. However, detailed physiological studies remain difficult in these species and much of what is known in development still relies on results from the chick embryo. In the chick, development of various systems in the heart and muscle appears to be somewhat accelerated compared with that in mammals. This is not surprising considering that the chick must emerge on its own from its shell and must be able to function autonomously very quickly to survive. Small mammalian species have been used particularly in studies of later development including rat, rabbit, and now the mouse. In these species, the neonates are quite helpless at birth and development of mechanisms involved in cardiac contractile function is much delayed compared with that in humans. The rate of development in humans appears to fall somewhere between the chick and these mammalian species. It is important to note that regardless of variations in the rate of development, the cellular mechanisms necessary for generating rhythmic contractile force in mature hearts are qualitatively the same for birds and mammals. The specific proteins involved are highly conserved among these species with a very high degree of amino acid sequence identity.
Development of the Poles of the Heart
Authors: Kirby Margaret Loewy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although it may seem odd to have a chapter devoted to the poles of the heart, the junction of the ends of the heart with the rest of the body during development is a dynamic relationship and one that has been under appreciated. Normal development of these junctions is critical for normally connected venous inflow and arterial outflow, and many heart defects are the result of incorrect connections at the venous or arterial pole. An important function of the poles is that they provide an entryway for new cells to be added to the heart including myocardial, endocardial, mesenchymal, and neural cells. They provide access to the endocardial and cardiac jelly layers located beneath the myocardium. This is especially important in the outflow tract, where little mesenchyme is available from any other source. The original mapping studies to identify the cardiogenic fields were done in embryo culture systems to allow access to gastrulation stage embryos. Embryos cultured in this manner have a limited lifespan that does not extend through the looping period, and it is just before and during the looping period that the final myocardial cells are added to the venous and arterial poles, respectively. New studies of both the inflow and outflow reveal a rich contribution of cells to each of the cardiac poles.
Endocardium, Cardiac Cushions, and Valve Development
Authors: Kirby Margaret Loewy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The endocardium develops from endothelial cells that form bilaterally paired tubes by the process of vasculogenesis. These bilateral tubes fuse in the midline to form a single tubular cardiac intravascular compartment. The midline endothelial tube lies beneath the foregut endoderm and is covered ventrally by the splanchnic mesoderm that is open toward the ventral pharynx in a W or U shape until the two sides fuse dorsally to become a complete myocardial layer of the tubular heart (Fig. 9.1). An important feature of the endocardium is that it gives rise to all of the cushion mesenchyme in the atrioventricular canal and proximal outflow tract by a process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation. This cushion tissue functions as a one-way valve during contraction of the tubular heart and is critical for formation of the atrioventricular valves. The mesenchyme that gives rise to the semilunar valves in the outflow tract is from a mixture of cushion mesenchyme derived from endocardial epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, neural crest, and pharyngeal mesenchyme. Because of the mixing of cell types in the semilunar valves, their development is covered more completely in Chapter 11.
Overview
Authors: May George Cheney Juliet Roper,And Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) risks the same practical and linguistic fate as other trends in business and popular culture. “Green marketing” is but one fairly recent example. By being applied to a host of situations, the term “cor- porate social responsibility” can lose its cutting edge. When it is used in disingenuous ways, it suffers cooptation. Through sheer overuse, the term becomes analogous to worthless currency. We are fully aware of these possibilities, just as we are of critiques from the Left and the Right. From the perspective of neoliberal economics, CSR is wrong-headed: a violation of the principles of free enterprise and a confusion of roles of the private, governmental, and nonprofit sectors. From the Left, CSR is viewed as at best a public relations strategy for complacency and control; at worst, an illusion arising from an oxymoron—a misunderstanding of the social potential of the corporate form (Doane, 2005; Frankental, 2001). From either perspective, as well as from several between them, CSR has enough of a history of debate and discussion be- hind it to merit a wide-ranging and nuanced treatment. That is what this book is about.
Progressing from Corporate Social Responsibility to Brand Integrity
Authors: McIntosh Malcolm 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The decade from 1995 to 2005 was significant for corporate social responsibility (CSR). The year 2005 was 10 years since Shell’s annus horribilis and their debacle over the disposal of the Brent Spar oil rig in the North Sea and 10 years since they were implicated in the death of Ken Saro-Wiwa, a Nigerian human rights activist who was murdered by his government for protesting about the distribution of revenues from what was perceived to be Shell’s damaging extrication of oil from the Ogoni region of Nigeria.
Activism, Risk, and Communicational Politics
Authors: Knight Graham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the late 1990s, Nike, the global sportswear giant, had acquired a reputation not only for marketing success based on creative advertising and celebrity athletic endorsements but also for producing its merchandise in third-world sweatshops. This second half of Nike’s reputation was due in no small measure to the efforts of a growing, transnational social movement mobilized against sweatshop labor practices, particularly in the global apparel and footwear industries.
Corporate Social Responsibility/Corporate Moral Responsibility
Authors: Werhane Patricia H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I am honored to be included in this collection of challenging chapters on corporate social responsibility (CSR). Each offers insights that are important in this new century of corporate corruption and moral challenges, and I cannot do justice to any these worthwhile chapters by responding to each in detail. Rather, I shall take up the gauntlet in another way by asking a few questions. First, just what do we mean by CSR? Is it sometimes a fig leaf to distract us from investigating corporate misconduct? Does the term serve as an umbrella term to cover a number of related corporate relationships and alliances? Or is, in fact, the term referring to what I take to be the greatest challenge for companies today: the moral responsibility to create economic, environmental, social, and moral added value in an age of distrust and disillusionment about business.
Depression, War, and Cold War
Authors: Higgs Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Other books exist that warn of the dangers of empire and war. However, few, if any, of these books do so from a scholarly, informed economic standpoint. In Depression, War, and Cold War , Robert Higgs, a highly regarded economic historian, makes pointed, fresh economic arguments against war, showing links between government policies and the economy in a clear, accessible way. He boldly questions, for instance, the widely accepted idea that World War II was the chief reason the Depression-era economy recovered. The book as a whole covers American economic history from the Great Depression through the Cold War. Part I centers on the Depression and World War II. It addresses the impact of government policies on the private sector, the effects of wartime procurement policies on the economy, and the economic consequences of the transition to a peacetime economy after the victorious end of the war. Part II focuses on the Cold War, particularly on the links between Congress and defense procurement, the level of profits made by defense contractors, and the role of public opinion andnt ideological rhetoric in the maintenance of defense expenditures over time. This new book extends and refines ideas of the earlier book with new interpretations, evidence, and statistical analysis. This book will reach a similar audience of students, researchers, and educated lay people in political economy and economic history in particular, and in the social sciences in general.
Markets in Vice Markets in Virtue
Authors: Braithwaite John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This sweeping, comparative study of taxation in the United States and Australia shows that even as governments in the Western world have become increasingly sophisticated tax collectors, a competitive and ruthless market in advice on tax avoidance has developed. The same competitive forces in the late twentieth century which have driven down prices and sparked efficiencies in the production of fast food or computer parts have helped stimulate the markets for “bads” like tax shelters and problem gambling. Braithwaite draws the surprising conclusion that effective regulation could actually flip markets in vice to markets of virtue. Essential reading for anyone involved in policy, governance, and regulation, Markets in Vice, Markets in Virtue provides a blueprint for restoring the equity of Western tax systems and a breakthrough theory of how regulators can support markets in virtue and curtail markets in vice.
Methadone Pharmacology in Pain and Addiction
Authors: Smith Howard S , Kreek Mary Jeanne , Johnson Carrie L , Kirsh Kenneth L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Methadone, a synthetic opioid available in the United States as a racemate, was first synthesized by German chemists at I. G. Farben near the end of World War II while researching ‘‘spasmolytics.’’ In 1942 clinical trials began under the name ‘‘Amidone.’’ After the war the analgesic effects of methadone became apparent, although this was unexpected because its chemical structure was significantly different from other known opioids. Methadone has been available as an FDA-approved product for almost half a century. It has been used (as a component) for heroin addiction for over 40 years and is currently prescribed daily to probably over 215,000 people in the United States for this purpose (Dole et al., 1966; McCaffrey, 2001). Additionally, methadone has been used for many years as an opioid analgesic for the treatment of chronic cancer and noncancer pain (Hays & Woodrotte, 1999).
Out of Range
Authors: Tushnet Mark V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Few constitutional disputes maintain as powerful a grip on the public mind as the battle over the Second Amendment. The National Rifle Association and gun-control groups struggle unceasingly over a piece of the political landscape that no candidate for the presidency--and few for Congress--can afford to ignore. But who's right? Will it ever be possible to settle the argument? In Out of Range, one of the nation's leading legal scholars takes a calm, objective look at this bitter debate. Mark V. Tushnet brings to this book a deep expertise in the Constitution, the Supreme Court, and the role of the law in American life. He breaks down the different positions on the Second Amendment, showing that it is a mistake to stereotype them. Tushnet's exploration is honest and nuanced; he finds the constitutional arguments finely balanced, which is one reason the debate has raged for so long. Along the way, he examines various experiments in public policy, from both sides, and finds little clear evidence for the practical effectiveness of any approach to gun safety and prosecution. Of course, he notes, most advocates of the right to keep and bear arms agree that it should be subject to reasonable regulation. Ultimately, Tushnet argues, our view of the Second Amendment reflects our sense of ourselves as a people. The answer to the debate will not be found in any holy writ, but in our values and our vision of the nation. This compact, incisive examination offers an honest and thoughtful guide to both sides of the argument, pointing the way to solutions that could calm, if not settle, this bitter dispute.
Slavery and the Making of America
Authors: Horton James Oliver , Horton Lois E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The history of slavery is central to understanding the history of the United States. Slavery and the Making of America offers a richly illustrated, vividly written history that illuminates the human side of this inhumane institution, presenting it largely through stories of the slaves themselves. Readers will discover a wide ranging and sharply nuanced look at American slavery, from the first Africans brought to British colonies in the early seventeenth century to the end of Reconstruction. The authors document the horrors of slavery, particularly in the deep South, and describe the slaves’ valiant struggles to free themselves from bondage. There are dramatic tales of escape by slaves such as William and Ellen Craft and Dred Scott’s doomed attempt to win his freedom through the Supreme Court. We see how slavery engendered violence in our nation, from bloody confrontations that broke out in American cities over fugitive slaves, to the cataclysm of the Civil War. The book is also filled with stories of remarkable African Americans like Sergeant William H. Carney, who won the Congressional Medal of Honor for his bravery at the crucial assault on Fort Wagner during the Civil War, and Benjamin “Pap” Singleton, a former slave who led freed African Americans to a new life on the American frontier. Filled with absorbing and inspirational accounts highlighted by more than one hundred pictures and illustrations, Slavery and the Making of America is a gripping account of the struggles of African Americans against the iniquity of slavery.
RMRP and Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia
Authors: Hermanns Pia , Zabel, Bernhard , Lee Brendan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cartilage hair hypoplasia (CHH) or McKusick type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (MCD) (OMIM 250250) is an autosomal recessive inherited osteochondrodysplasia. Its skeletal manifestations are often associated with deficient hair growth and, in a minority of patients, with multisystemic disease characterized by increased frequency of infantile or childhood infection, defective cellular immunity and/or erythropoiesis, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. The probability of malignancy, even during childhood, is also increased. CHH is caused by mutations in the nuclear encoded and ubiquitously expressed noncoding RNA gene, RMRP. Mutations in both the transcript and the promoter of RMRP have been identified. RMRP is the RNA component of the ribonucleoprotein complex ribonuclease mitochondrial RNA processing (RNase MRP). Studies in yeast indicate that the RNase MRP complex contributes to diverse cellular functions. It is involved in mitochondrial DNA replication by cleaving the RNA that primes mitochondrial DNA replication and in cell cycle progression at the end of mitosis. Its most recognized function involves pre-ribosomal RNA processing where it promotes cleavage at the A3 site to produce the short form of the 5.8S rRNA. Studies with mutant yeast strains show an alteration of the 5.8S rRNA processing and transcription profiling of CHH patients reveal an up-regulation of several cytokines and cell cycle regulatory genes.
Geopolitics
Authors: Bremmer Ian , Keat Preston 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The above quote may sound like the musings of a Bond villain bent on world domination. But it comes from one of the founding fathers of geopolitics, Halford John Mackinder (1861–1947). A British academic and sometimes politician, Mackinder developed the influential strategic theory that control of Central and Eastern Europe could provide control of the entire Eurasian landmass—”the World-Island”—and therefore of the world.
Fool’s gold?
Authors: Shane Scott A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The stereotype of the “angel investor” is a retired wealthy entrepreneur who sees potential, asks tough questions, takes a large stake, and in a few years makes a massive return in an IPO. This outsider fills the gap between the venture capitalist and the professional investor, swooping in with cash and expertise to bring dreams to fruition. Unfortunately, Shane observes, this figure bears no relationship to reality. In Fool’s Gold, he draws on hard data from the Federal Reserve and other sources to paint the first reliable group portrait of the lionized angel investors. Surprisingly, he finds that they are fewer, contribute less, and involve themselves in fewer start-ups than the conventional wisdom suggests. Most angels typically still have their day jobs, make investments of $10,000 or less, and take little or no role in assisting entrepreneurs build their companies. Few of the companies they put money into arrive at IPOs, let alone massive returns. But angels can play a critical role, he writes, if the fantasy is abandoned by all concerned. Drawing on his rich store of data, Shane offers recommendations to entrepreneurs and angels alike for the most productive use of angel investing, and suggests how policymakers can encourage it. Particularly promising are angel groups, which pool knowledge and money for wiser and more productive investments. In groups, angels can rely on each other’s expertise, share the labor of performing due diligence, and generally insure that their money is being placed--and used--wisely. Fostering the formation of such groups may be the single most important thing that government can do to boost angel investing. Massively researched and briskly written, Fools’ Gold offers the first real resource on this misunderstood aspect of our entrepreneurial system.
Six-Legged Soldiers
Authors: Lockwood Jeffrey A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The emir of Bukhara used assassin bugs to eat away the flesh of his prisoners. General Ishii Shiro during World War II released hundreds of millions of infected insects across China, ultimately causing more deaths than the atomic bombs dropped on Japan. These are just two of many startling examples found in Six-legged Soldiers, a brilliant portrait of the many weirdly creative, truly frightening, and ultimately powerful ways in which insects have been used as weapons of war, terror, and torture. Beginning in prehistoric times and building toward a near and disturbing future, the reader is taken on a journey of innovation and depravity. Award-winning science writer Jeffrey A. Lockwood begins with the development of “bee bombs” in the ancient world and explores the role of insect-borne disease in changing the course of major battles, ranging from Napoleon’s military campaigns to the trenches of World War I. He explores the horrific programs of insect warfare during World War II: airplanes dropping plague-infested fleas, facilities rearing tens of millions of hungry beetles to destroy crops, and prison camps staffed by doctors testing disease-carrying lice on inmates. The Cold War saw secret government operations involving the mass release of specially developed strains of mosquitoes on an unsuspecting American public—along with the alleged use of disease-carrying and crop-eating pests against North Korea and Cuba. Lockwood reveals how easy it would be to use insects in warfare and terrorism today: In 1989, domestic ecoterrorists extorted government officials and wreaked economic and political havoc by threatening to release the notorious Medfly into California’s crops. A remarkable story of human ingenuity—and brutality—Six-Legged Soldiers is the first comprehensive look at the use of insects as weapons of war, from ancient times to the present day.
The Rise of the Uncorporation
Authors: Ribstein Larry E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Rise of the Uncorporation covers the history, law, and finance of unincorporated firms. These "uncorporations" including general and limited partnerships and limited liability companies, are now the dominant business form of non-publicly-traded firms. Through private equity and publicly traded partnerships, uncorporations have emerged as a significant force in the governance of a wide range of the biggest firms. This is the first general theoretical and practical overview of alternatives to incorporation, including ancillary concepts connected with the evolution of these firms, and analysis of likely future trends in business organization. The Rise of the Uncorporation provides a clear and easily understandable theoretical and practical background to this important subject.