bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion-resistant behavior and structural optimization of Ti/Cr, Ti/Cu, Cr/Cu, Ti/Cr/Cu multimetallic layer coatings in simulated seawater
Authors: Xu Jing , Cai Linxuan , Lian Jiadi , Liao Yihong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article is based on the sacrificial anode cathodic protection principle and the optimization method of multilayer structure. According to the standard electrode potential of metals, starting from the corrosion-resistant passive film formed by the metal itself, Ti/Cr, Ti/Cu, Cr/Cu, and Ti/Cr/Cu coatings were prepared on a 316L stainless steel substrate using magnetron sputtering technology. The corrosion performance of the coatings was studied to explore the interaction patterns between them. The results showed that in artificial seawater, the Cr/Cu, Ti/Cu, and Ti/Cr metal bilayer film coatings exhibited an increasing impedance arc radius and widening phase angle plateau in the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In the polarization curve, the self-corrosion current, the self-corrosion potential and polarization resistance are all better than the substrate. In the static immersion test, the weight loss rate of the metal multi-layer film gradually decreased, with all samples showing a lower weight loss rate in the second week compared to the first week, ranging from 27% to 52%. By further designing the microstructure of the coating to mitigate the contradiction between hardness and toughness, and reduce the generation of pores, the corrosion performance of the new Ti/Cr/Cu coating is significantly improved. The coating can repair surface defects of the material, fill in micro and nano gaps, and enhance the cathodic protection effect of sacrificial anodes.
Four-phonon scattering of so-As and improvement of the thermoelectric properties by increasing the buckling height
Authors: Sun Yong , Shen Hui-Xue , Duan Man-Yi , Zhang Tian , Mu Yi , Cheng Cai 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In recent years, more and more thermoelectric (TE) materials have been discovered as the research boom of TE materials advances. However, due to the low conversion efficiency, most of the current TE materials cannot meet the commercial demand. The low-dimensional nanomaterials are promising to break the current status quo of low conversion efficiency of TE materials. Here, we predicted a stable two-dimensional TE material, namely so-As, based on density functional theory. The so-As has an ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity, κl
= 1.829 W m−1 K−1 at 300 K, and when the temperature rises to 700 K the κl
is only 0.788 W m−1 K−1 . This might be caused by the strong anharmonic interaction among the so-As phonon and the out-of-plane vibration of the low-frequency acoustic modes. Moreover, the maximum ZT value of the p-type so-As is 0.18 at room temperature (0.45 at 700 K), while that of the n-type can even reach 0.75 at 700 K. In addition, we have also studied the difference between the four- and three-phonon scattering rates. The increase of scattering channels leads to the ultra-low κl
, which is only 3.33 × 10−4W m−1 K−1 at room temperature, showing an almost adiabatic property. Finally, we adjust the TE properties of so-As by changing the buckling height. With the buckling height is increased by 2%, the scattering rate of so-As is extremely high. When T is 700 K, the maximum ZT of the n-type is 0.94 (p-type can also reach 0.7), which is 25% higher than the pristine one. Our work reveals the impact of buckling height on the TE figure of merit, which provides a direction for future search and regulation of the high ZT TE materials.
Radiation exposure in augmented fluoroscopic bronchoscopy procedures: a comprehensive analysis for patients and physicians
Authors: Lian Meng-En , Yee Wong Guang , Yu Kai-Lun , Wu Guan-Yi , Yang Shun-Mao , Tsai Hui-Yu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Cancer is a major health challenge and causes millions of deaths worldwide each year, and the incidence of lung cancer has increased. Augmented fluoroscopic bronchoscopy (AFB) procedures, which combine bronchoscopy and fluoroscopy, are crucial for diagnosing and treating lung cancer. However, fluoroscopy exposes patients and physicians to radiation, and therefore, the procedure requires careful monitoring. The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement and the International Commission on Radiological Protection have emphasised the importance of monitoring patient doses and ensuring occupational radiation safety. The present study evaluated radiation doses during AFB procedures, focusing on patient skin doses, the effective dose, and the personal dose equivalent to the eye lens for physicians. Skin doses were measured using thermoluminescent dosimeters. Peak skin doses were observed on the sides of the patients’ arms, particularly on the side closest to the x-ray tube. Differences in the procedures and experience of physicians between the two hospitals involved in this study were investigated. AFB procedures were conducted more efficiently at Hospital A than at Hospital B, resulting in lower effective doses. Cone-beam computed tomography (CT) contributes significantly to patient effective doses because it has higher radiographic parameters. Despite their higher radiographic parameters, AFB procedures resulted in smaller skin doses than did image-guided interventional and CT fluoroscopy procedures. The effective doses differed between the two hospitals of this study due to workflow differences, with cone-beam CT playing a dominant role. No significant differences in left and right eye Hp
(3) values were observed between the hospitals. For both hospitals, the Hp
(3) values were below the recommended limits, indicating that radiation monitoring may not be required for AFB procedures. This study provides insights into radiation exposure during AFB procedures, concerning radiation dosimetry, and safety for patients and physicians.
With an infrared camera in an amusement park: heating and cooling of magnetic brakes
Authors: Pendrill Ann-Marie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A handheld infrared camera was used to visualize heating and cooling of magnetic brakes in drop towers and roller coasters. The images also display the cooling effect of trees and the warming effect of clouds. This paper discusses what can be discerned from the photos with connections to data from data sheets, as well as from accelerometer and barometer sensors. The heating and cooling processes were also studied using the hot point feature of the FLIR One Pro LT camera attached to a smartphone.
A three-year comparative study of dominant misconceptions among first-year physics students at a South African university
Authors: Chrysostomou Anna , Cornell Alan S , Naylor Wade 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article discusses a three-year study (2020–2022) of dominant misconceptions (DMs) for a large cohort of first-year physics course students at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. Our study considered pre-test scores on the force concept inventory using a graphical method, where we found statistical differences between the mean DM scores for the 2020 cohort, as compared to the 2021 and 2022 cohort; possibly due to the onset of COVID lockdowns. We also compared our data from South Africa with cohorts based in Spain and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, where the method of DMs was also applied. From this comparison, we found some differences in the preconception knowledge of the cohorts. Furthermore, we included an analysis of DMs through the ‘gender lens’ for the South African cohort, finding no statistically significant difference between the means for DM scores of students who identify as male or female. Finally, given the diverse language backgrounds and levels of matriculation preparation foruniversity level physics courses, we have also shown how quickly responding to student misconceptions can be efficiently addressed using the method of DMs.
Using a machine vision sensor for wavelength estimation by measuring an Airy disk, with didactic purposes
Authors: Rivera-Ortega Uriel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this manuscript, it is presented a simple and automated educational resource with the aim of determining the wavelength of a laser source that uses the Airy disk generated by a circular aperture. It is known that there is a relationship between the diameter of the central disk and the distance between the circular aperture and the image plane. These two parameters are automatically measured by using a machine vision sensor and an ultrasonic distance sensor, respectively. This resource can be applied in graduate or undergraduate Physics and Engineering laboratories and classrooms for educational, demonstrative, or measuring purposes.
Thermal-vibration correlation study for high-temperature superconducting maglev intelligent monitoring based on back propagation neural network analysis
Authors: Pang Peng , Zheng Jun , Zhao Yonghai , Xu Le , Xian Chenling 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The internal temperature rise inside the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) superconductor (SC) resulting from irregular magnetic field (MF) above the permanent magnet guideway is a major factor contributing to the decline of levitation performance. Real-time monitoring of the temperature rise inside YBCO SC is an important issue for the safe operation of the maglev train systems. However, the existing temperature rise testing method involves destructive intrusion less or more, easily affected by strong MF, occupying limited space and sensors prone to detachment. This paper innovatively proposes a non-contact internal temperature rise testing method combining artificial intelligence (AI) methods. Vibration is common signal of a maglev train system, which inspires to establish a fundamental thermal-dynamic levitation force synchronous testing device for YBCO SC. Then, a set of temperature rise-vibration dataset exposed to different alternating MF frequencies is created. The wavelet transform is chosen to extract the frequency band energy of vibration, and the backpropagation neural network is used to identify the corresponding temperature rise. The recognition accuracy can reach over 99.9%, which firstly proves the effectiveness of AI algorithms in the thermal-vibration correlation analysis for the HTS maglev system. The results can provide the foundation reference for the intelligent monitoring and fault diagnosis of thermal-dynamics stabilities of HTS maglev train in the future.
Silica Gel Supported Chlorosulfonic Acid Catalyzed Beckmann Rearrangement of Cyclohexanone Oxime in Liquid Phase
Authors: Tian Cheng , Zheng Yanchun , Wu Shihua , Chen Hanming , Xie Dong , Zhu Mingqiao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime in the liquid phase using fuming sulfuric acid as a catalyst is a traditional method, which brings many problems, such as environmental pollution, corrosion of equipment, and difficulty in treating the by-product ammonium sulfate. This paper designs and prepares a silica gel-supported chlorosulfonic acid solid acid catalyst for the liquid-phase Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime to caprolactam. The factors affecting the preparation of the catalyst and the optimal reaction conditions for Beckmann rearrangement were investigated. It was found that the best catalyst preparation conditions were as follows: mass ratio of silica gel: chlorosulfonic acid of 1:0.2, room temperature, stirring time of 3 hours, solvent dichloromethane, and silica gel mesh size of 100-200 mesh, and best Beckmann rearrangement conditions were as follows: mass ratio of cyclohexanone oxime: catalyst of 1:1, temperature of 140°C, solvent benzonitrile volume of 40 mL/g cyclohexanone oxime, reaction time of 5 hours. Under the above conditions, the conversion of cyclohexanone oxime is 74%, and the selectivity of caprolactam is 40%.
Preparation of Carbon Quantum Dots Based on Willow Leaves as Raw Materials and Their Use as Fluorescent Probes for High-Sensitivity Detection of Pyrophosphatase
Authors: He Wen , Wu Shukai , Cui Renjie , Zhang Jiaduo , Lim Soh Fong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with fluorescent properties were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method using willow leaves as raw materials, and based on the ability of Cu2+ to form complexes with CQDs and pyrophosphate (PPi), an “off-on-on” fluorescent probe was constructed to realize the selective and highly sensitive detection of pyrophosphatase (PPase). The substance that has been quantified can serve as an indicator for the timely detection of rheumatoid arthritis. The optimal conditions for the preparation of CQDs were investigated, and the optimal reaction temperature was 200°C, the reaction pH was 7.4, and the reaction time was 12h. The FL intensity of different concentrations of pyrophosphatase was measured by using the prepared CQDs as a fluorescent probe and a standard curve was made. It was concluded that PPase had a good linear relationship in the range of 0-0.8 U/mL with the linear equation of Y=-656.83X+710.43, linear correlation coefficient R
2=0.9968, and the recoveries ranged from 98.67% to 102.7%.
Study on the Strength, Permeability, and Drying Shrinkage of Mortar with Portland Cement and Sulphoaluminate Cement
Authors: Nong Xinzhong , Yuan Yanmei , He Juan , Liang Yuehua , Wang Dian , Liu Qi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Adding sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) to Portland cement (PC) can affect the growth of hydration products and further affect the properties of the matrix. In this paper, the influence of SAC content on the impermeability, drying shrinkage and strength of mortar was studied by replacing PC with no more than 20% SAC. The results show that with the increase of SAC content, acicular ettringite (AFt) in cement stone gradually decreases, the compressive and flexural strength of mortar decreased first and then increased, and the strength was lowest when the content of SAC was 10%. The addition of SAC intensified the drying shrinkage of mortar. The greater the amount of SAC added, the higher the dry shrinkage value and the worse the impermeability of mortar.
Electric Current-Assisted TLP: Bonding of Ultrathin-Walled Inconel 718 Capillaries Temperature Field Simulation and Microstructural Analysis
Authors: Song Yueshuai , Zhao Rui , Wan Min 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study achieved the effective bonding of Inconel 718 ultra-thin-walled capillaries by employing a self-designed apparatus and a novel approach involving current-assisted transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding using BNI-2 brazing material in a vacuum environment. During the bonding process, rapid heating and a subsequent period of maintenance were achieved using Joule heating, followed by rapid cooling in the furnace. Compared to the traditional furnace-based TLP bonding, this method significantly improved the bonding efficiency, reduced energy consumption, and minimized the thermal impact on the base material. A temperature field simulation of the ultra-thin-walled capillary bonding was conducted using COMSOL multiphysics simulation software, allowing for the visualization of temperature distribution through temperature contour plots. Microstructural observations of specimens under various process parameters revealed the existence of the Diffusion Affected Zone (DAZ) and Isothermally Solidified Zone (ISZ) in the vertical brazed area of the capillary. Inadequate control of process parameters can lead to defects such as weld seam voids and channel blockage. Given the limited heat resistance of the thin-walled capillaries, excessive current and prolonged bonding time can result in elevated temperatures, which, in turn, may compromise the mechanical properties of the thin-walled capillary.
Extraction of Polysaccharides from Shiitake Mushroom Based on Pineapple Enzymatic Technology
Authors: He Wen , Liu Jie , Shen Jiajun , Du Fei , Yu Anping 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The pineapple enzymatic technique was used to extract polysaccharides from shiitake mushrooms, with glucose serving as the standard for calculating the yield of the polysaccharides. The effects of acidity, alkalinity, extraction time, extraction temperature, enzyme dosage, and number of extractions on the extraction rate of mushroom polysaccharides were investigated under the control of a single factor. Orthogonal tests showed that the optimal process combination for the extraction of mushroom polysaccharides under the influence of multiple factors was pH 5, an extraction time of 1.5 hours, extraction temperature of 45°C, enzyme dosage of 0.8/100 g, and the number of extraction times of 3. The yield of mushroom polysaccharides under optimal processing conditions could reach 6.47%. The method is easy to operate, accurate, highly efficient, and it is a non-polluting and cost-effective process for extracting shiitake polysaccharides.
Effect of Alloy Elements on the Performance of Al Sacrificial Anode
Authors: Liu Xin , Lin Yufeng , Liu Nian , Yuan Huiwu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Al-Bi-Ga alloy is a good sacrificial anode material, but research on its electrochemical performance in seawater, freshwater, and soil is limited. This article focuses on Al-Bi-Ga-Pb-In and Al-Bi-Ga-Sn-In alloys. The working potential, current efficiency, and corrosion morphology of aluminum alloys under constant current conditions were studied through electrochemical performance testing, microstructure observation, and composition detection. The influence of alloy elements (Bi, Ga, Pb) on the electrochemical performance of aluminum alloys was analyzed. The results indicate that the dissolution morphology of Al-Bi-Ga-Sn-In is better than that of Al-Bi-Ga-Pb-In, and the distribution of Bi element in Al-Bi-Ga-Sn-In is more extensive. The destruction of the oxide film on the surface of aluminum alloy is more uniform, exhibiting better dissolution morphology; As the Bi content increases, the corrosion rate shows a trend of first increasing, then decreasing, and then increasing. The current efficiency first decreases and then increases, usually stopping and rebounding around 4.5%; Ga can increase the corrosion rate and reduce the surface impedance value; When the Ga content is greater than 0.10%, the corrosion rate significantly increases; As the Ga content increases, the current efficiency first decreases and then increases, then stops decreasing and rebounds around 0.2%.
Research on the Anti-corrosion Performance of Corrosion Inhibitor under Salt Freeze-Thaw Cycles
Authors: Wu Xiazhi , Jiang Minghui , Xiong Lin , Xin Qiaoling , Liu Jun , Qiao Xiongwei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, a multifunctional corrosion inhibitor (referred to as CI) was incorporated into C30 concrete. The effect of CI on the free chloride content, Tafel curves of reinforcement, and quality loss rate (QLR) were investigated under salt freeze-thaw cycles (SFTCs). Additionally, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to examine the corrosion of the reinforcement surface. The results indicated that CI was beneficial in reducing the internal free chloride content within the concrete. It could also form an adsorption film on the reinforcement surface, effectively lowering the corrosion rate and minimizing QLR, and providing excellent protection for the steel reinforcement.
A Material Spectral Feature Degradation Characterization Model Based on Weighted Joint Regression Network
Authors: Wu Hulin , Deng Xianming , Zhang Yixiang , Zhu Fan , Zhang Tiancai , Liu Jun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A characterization model of material spectral feature degradation based on weighted joint regression network was proposed. This model fully combines the advantages of several classical regression networks and takes full account of L1 and L2 regularization. It overcomes the phenomenon that the model parameters obtained by Lasso regression are approaching 1 or 0, which leads to too many features being sparse to 0, and Ridge regression has insufficient regularization degree and the regression coefficient decays too slowly. It not only ensures the correctness of the calculation of training data, but also ensures the generalization ability of test data, and takes into account the fitting ability and prediction ability of the model. The test results show that, based on the verified weighted joint regression network, the degradation law of the spectral image fusion degree between the material sample and the desert natural environment is modeled, and the correlation coefficient is better than 0.99.
Degradation of Low Concentration Chloroquine Phosphate by Ozone Oxidation
Authors: Han Qi , Huang Yi , Wang Xiaojiang , Liu Yang , Lin Wu , Zhang Fan , Chen Xiaodan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, the degradation of low-concentration chloroquine phosphate (CQP, 0.1 mg/L) by ozone oxidation technology was studied systematically by investigating the effects of different factors, including pH (3.0-11.0), temperature (10-40°C) and ozone dosage (0.048-0.384 mg/L). In addition, the toxicity was also investigated about its variation and controlling effect. The experimental results showed that as the solution pH was 7.0, the temperature was 30°C, and the ozone dosage was 0.192 mg/L, CQP could be completely degraded. The toxicity of the water sample rapidly increased at the initial stage of the reactions. As CQP was deeply degraded, the toxicity was effectively controlled. In addition, the toxicity was controlled faster and more significantly by increasing the ozone dosage. When the dosage of ozone was 0.384 mg/L, the toxicity could be fully controlled within 40 min, which could meet the emission standards.
Evaluation of Regional Carbon Neutrality Efficiency in China
Authors: Suo Yuanlu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the context of “3060 Carbon Neutrality”, there will be both theoretical and practical significance to finding out the status quo, laws and key factors about efficiency of carbon neutrality in various regions of China. This paper considers carbon neutrality system as a black-box combining “carbon absorption” with “carbon fixation”. According to these two major functions, we aim to measure efficiency of carbon neutrality among 30 provinces in China by constructing the three-stage DEA model. The results point that there exists obvious regional differentiation of efficiency distribution patterns; Key factors that determine the level of carbon neutralization efficiency mainly include spatial effects, industrial modernization, technological and innovative levels, and natural resources, etc. In summary, this paper provides suggestions and counter measures to promote carbon neutralization efficiency within various regions from two perspectives of regional low-carbon economy and regional linkage development.