bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Fabric Drape Evaluation System Using Image Processing Technology (Part 1: Measurement System and Geometric Model)
Authors: Park CK , Kim S , Yu WR 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
A quantitative fabric drape evaluation system that uses image processing technology and simple instruments has been developed. The purpose of this research is to obtain detailed quantitative information on fabric drapability from digital images captured with a commercial digital camera (or a scanner). A two-dimensional geometric drape model transformed from a drape shadow image was defined with shape parameters such as the number of nodes, the position of the nodes, and their frequency and amplitude. Statistical information including maximum, average, and variance of drape shape parameters can be obtained by using frequency analysis, as well as drape coefficients. A three-dimensional drape shape can be regenerated from its captured two-dimensional drape images with a three-dimensional simulator. The hardware required to capture drape images consists of a digital USB camera, a frame cover, and a stand to attach the camera to a traditional Cusick type drape tester. All evaluation softwares are coded with Microsoft Visual C++ and operated under Microsoft Windows 9x or above.
Development of an Innovative Computer-Controlled Water Deairing System for Hydraulic Testing of Geosynthetics
Authors: Aydilek AH , Kutay ME 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Use of deaired water is essential in many hydraulic tests conducted on geosynthetics. This is because air bubbles present in tap water adversely affect the test results. Additionally, long-term flow should be maintained, which requires large quantities of deaired water. An innovative computer-controlled fully automated system was developed to provide this continuous supply of deaired water and the approach is presented in this paper. The system is composed of two water deairing tanks and a control unit (hardware and software). These units were constructed to take advantage of the most recent technology available in the area of instrumentation. The efficiency of the system was checked through gradient ratio tests conducted on various soil/geotextile combinations.
Endocannabinoid-Independent Retrograde Signaling at Inhibitory Synapses in Layer 2/3 of Neocortex: Involvement of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 3
Authors: Harkany Tibor , Holmgren Carl , Härtig Wolfgang , Qureshi Tayyaba , Chaudhry Farrukh A. , Storm-Mathisen Jon , Dobszay Marton B. , Berghuis Paul , Schulte Gunnar , Sousa Kyle M. , Fremeau Robert T. , Edwards Robert H. , Mackie Ken , Ernfors Patrik , Zilberter Yuri 
Published: May 2004

Recent studies implicate dendritic endocannabinoid release from subsynaptic dendrites and subsequent inhibition of neurotransmitter release from nerve terminals as a means of retrograde signaling in multiple brain regions. Here we show that type 1 cannabinoid receptor-mediated endocannabinoid signaling is not involved in the retrograde control of synaptic efficacy at inhibitory synapses between fast-spiking interneurons and pyramidal cells in layer 2/3 of the neocortex.Vesicular neurotransmitter transporters, such as vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) 1 and 2, are localized to presynaptic terminals and accumulate neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles. A third subtype of VGLUTs (VGLUT3) was recently identified and found localized to dendrites of various cell types. We demonstrate, using multiple immunofluorescence labeling and confocal laser-scanning microscopy, that VGLUT3-like immunoreactivity is present in dendrites of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the rat neocortex. Electron microscopy analysis confirmed that VGLUT3-like labeling is localized to vesicular structures, which show a tendency to accumulate in close proximity to postsynaptic specializations in dendritic shafts of pyramidal cells. Dual whole-cell recordings revealed that retrograde signaling between fast-spiking interneurons and pyramidal cells was enhanced under conditions of maximal efficacy of VGLUT3-mediated glutamate uptake, whereas it was reduced when glutamate uptake was inhibited by incrementing concentrations of the nonselective VGLUT inhibitor Evans blue (0.5-5.0 μm) or intracellular Cl-concentrations (4-145 mm). Our results present further evidence that dendritic vesicular glutamate release, controlled by novel VGLUT isoforms, provides fast negative feedback at inhibitory neocortical synapses, and demonstrate that glutamate can act as a retrograde messenger in the CNS.
Pregnancy in a healthy woman with untreated citrullinemia
Authors: Potter Murray A. , Zeesman Susan , Brennan Barbara , Kobayashi Keiko , Gao Hong‐Zhi , Tabata Ayako , Saheki Takeyori , Whelan Donald T. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe report the clinical and biochemical data on a second successful pregnancy in a woman with citrullinemia due to argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency (CTLN1). Despite very elevated plasma and urine citrulline and little or no measurable argininosuccinate synthetase enzyme activity on cultured skin fibroblasts, this 29‐year‐old woman, who was identified through newborn screening, has remained asymptomatic throughout her life. Mutation analysis has recently revealed that she is a compound heterozygote for a known and a novel mutation (IVS15‐1G > C and K310Q, respectively). Many newborn screening programs have recently been expanded to include citrullinemia and numerous asymptomatic hypercitrullinemic infants and children have been identified. It is now important to define prognostic indicators that will help with treatment decisions and genetic counseling for these patients. This patient, as the only citrullinemic adult who has been followed prospectively, contributes important information in this regard. In addition, her child was unaffected by the high citrulline levels demonstrated in amniotic fluid and breast milk suggesting that citrulline is not teratogenic. Although pregnancy is an important risk factor for women with CTLN1, it appears that females with citrullinemia can have normal pregnancy outcomes, as long as metabolic crisis is avoided. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene discovery in the auditory system using a tissue specific approach
Authors: Morton Cynthia C. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractMolecular methods applied to the study of hereditary hearing loss in the past decade have revealed a copious number of genes representing a great diversity of cellular functions. In some instances, identification of these genes involved in deafness disorders has provided the portal to investigations of pathways not previously envisioned to underlie human hearing. Sequence analysis of a human fetal cochlear cDNA library has been employed to generate thousands of ESTs (expressed sequence tags) that provide a transcript map of the human cochlea and are a resource of candidate genes for positional cloning endeavors. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Turner syndrome: Evaluation of prenatal diagnosis in 19 European registries
Authors: Baena Neus , De Vigan C. , Cariati E. , Clementi M. , Stoll C. , Caballín M.R. , Guitart M. ,   The Euroscan working group
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis study evaluated the prenatal diagnosis of Turner syndrome by ultrasound examination in an unselected population from all over Europe. Data from 19 congenital malformation registries from 11 European countries were analyzed. Turner syndrome was diagnosed in 125 cases (7.2%) in a total of 1,738 chromosome abnormalities. Sixty‐seven percent of cases were detected prenatally by ultrasound examination due to the presence of congenital defects. The most frequent anomalies were cystic hygroma (59.5%) and hydrops fetalis (19%). The most frequent karyotype was 45,X (81.6%) followed by different types of mosaicism (16.8%). Significant differences in congenital defects (P = 0.0003) were observed between 45,X karyotypes and 45,X mosaicism cases. Prenatal counseling for 45,X mosaicism should take into account the expectation of a milder phenotype. In 78.6% of cases diagnosed by ultrasound examination due to congenital anomalies, the pregnancy was terminated. Prenatal detection of Turner syndrome by ultrasound examination was high in this unselected population. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Germline mosaicism resulting in the transmission of severe hemophilia B from a grandfather with a mild deficiency
Authors: Cutler Jacqueline A. , Mitchell Michael J. , Smith Mark P. , Savidge Geoffrey F. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe report a family in which the normal pattern of X‐linked inheritance of hemophilia B (Factor IX deficiency) is complicated by mosaicism in the proband's maternal grandfather. The proband, an infant with severe Factor IX deficiency, was initially thought to be a sporadic case. Testing of other family members identified his mother as a carrier of the disorder, and his asymptomatic maternal grandfather as having very mild FIX deficiency. The causative familial mutation was identified as a two base pair deletion (AG within codons 134–135) in the Factor IX gene. The grandfather was shown to be “heterozygous” for the deletion. Karyotype analysis confirmed him to be 46XY thereby ruling out Klinefelter syndrome. The proband's aunt, who as the daughter of a man with hemophilia is theoretically an obligate carrier, was found not to carry this familial mutation, and thus not to be a carrier of hemophilia B. The grandfather must therefore be an X chromosome somatic and germline mosaic, with consequent segregation of the affected and non‐affected Factor IX genes. This observation underlines the importance of confirming carrier status even in those individuals assumed to be obligate carriers, and has implications for genetic counseling. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Family‐based and case‐control association studies of DRD4 and DAT1 polymorphisms in Chinese attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients suggest long repeats contribute to genetic risk for the disorder
Authors: Qian Qiujin , Wang Yufeng , Zhou Rulun , Yang Li , Faraone Stephen V. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractMolecular genetic studies of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have implicated the variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms of two candidate genes, the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) and the dopamine transporter (DAT1). We sought to determine if these genes were relevant to the etiology of ADHD in China by using both family‐based (N = 202 nuclear ADHD families) and case‐control (N = 340 ADHD cases, and 226 controls) association study designs. Diagnoses and subtypes were ascertained according to Clinical Diagnostic Interview Scales (CDIS) using DSM‐IV criteria. The repeat numbers at the DRD4 VNTR ranged from 2 to 6 repeats in the Han Chinese controls, with the most common being the 4‐repeat (77%) and 2‐repeat (19.4%) alleles. Neither the 7‐repeat allele nor longer repeats were found. For the DAT1 VNTR, the repeat numbers ranged from 6 to 7 repeats and 9 to 11 repeats. The 10‐repeat allele was the most frequent (90.7%). The long‐repeat alleles of DRD4 (ranging from 4 to 6 repeats) and DAT1 (ranging from 11 to 12 repeats), were present more frequently in ADHD probands than controls (P < 0.05), although there was no significant allelic association when the alleles were analyzed separately from each other and there findings were not supported by within family tests of association. An exploratory stratification by gender suggests that long‐repeat alleles of DRD4 and DAT1 may increase the risk for ADHD in Han Chinese children. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A score‐driven approach to music information retrieval
Authors: Haus Goffredo , Longari Maurizio , Pollastri Emanuele 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAs the dimension and number of digital music archives grow, the problem of storing and accessing multimedia data is no longer confined to the database area. Specific approaches for music information retrieval are necessary to establish a connection between textual and content‐based metadata. This article addresses such issues with the intent of surveying our perspective on music information retrieval. In particular, we stress the use of symbolic information as a central element in a complex musical environment. Musical themes, harmonies, and styles are automatically extracted from electronic music scores and employed as access keys to data. The database schema is extended to handle audio recordings. A score/audio matching module provides a temporal relationship between a music performance and the score played. Besides standard free‐text search capabilities, three levels of retrieval strategies are employed. Moreover, the introduction of a hierarchy of input modalities assures meeting the needs and matching the expertise of a wide group of users. Singing, playing, and notating melodic excerpts is combined with more advanced musicological queries, such as querying by a sequence of chords. Finally, we present some experimental results and our future research directions.
Recognition and analysis of audio for copyright protection: The RAA project
Authors: Batlle Eloi , Neuschmied Helmut , Uray Peter , Ackermann Gerd 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAutomatic generation of play lists for commercial broadcast radio stations has become a major research topic. Audio identification systems have been around for a while, and they show good performance for clean audio files. However, songs transmitted by commercial radio stations are highly distorted to cause greater impact on the casual listener. This impact helps increase the probability that the listener will stay tuned in, but the price we have to pay is a severe modification in the audio itself. This causes the failure oftraditionalidentification systems. Another problem is the fact that songs are never played from the beginning to the end. Actually, they are put on the air several seconds after their real beginning and almost always under the voice of a speaker. The same thing happens at the end. In this article, we present the RAA project, which was conceived to deal with real broadcast audio problems. The idea behind this project is to extract automatically an audio fingerprint (the so‐called AudioDNA) that identifies the fragment of audio. This AudioDNA has to be robust enough to appear almost the same under several degrees of distortion. Once this AudioDNA is extracted from the broadcast audio, a matching algorithm is able to find its fragments inside a database. With this approach, the system can find not only a whole song but also small fragments of it, even with high distortion caused by broadcast (and DJ) manipulations.
Modellierung des nichtlinearen Kriechens von Beton
Authors: Bockhold Jörg , Stangenberg Friedhelm 
Published: May 2004

AbstractDie genaue Analyse des Tragverhaltens von Beton unter hohen Dauerlasten verlangt neben einem Modell für die Beschreibung des Materialverhaltens unter momentaner Belastung eine exakte Vorhersage der zeitabhängigen Kriechverformungen und deren Einfluß auf den Schädigungszustand des Tragwerks. Der Beitrag stellt die Grundzüge eines Materialmodells zur Berechnung des gekoppelten Kriechschädigungsverhaltens von Beton bei verhindertem Feuchteaustausch vor.
Messung der Betondeckung — Auswertung und Abnahme
Authors: Brameshuber Wolfgang , Schmidt Hubert , Schröder Petra , Fingerloos Frank 
Published: May 2004

AbstractEine Möglichkeit an fertigen Betonbauteilen die Zuverlässigkeit der Ausführungsergebnisse zu beurteilen, ist die Messung der Betondeckung. Aufgrund der bauseitig nicht zu vermeidenden Streuungen ist die Betondeckung keine feste geometrische Größe, sondern unterliegt einer statistischen Verteilung. Es wird ein Näherungsverfahren zur Auswertung der Betondeckungsmessung vorgestellt, das mit einfachster Rechnerausstattung genutzt werden kann. Anwendung findet dieses Näherungsverfahren als quantitativer Nachweis im DBV‐Merkblatt „Betondeckung und Bewehrung”︁, Fassung Juli 2002.
Hydration of proteins: SAXS study of native and methoxy polyethyleneglycol (mPEG)‐modified L‐asparaginase and bovine serum albumin in mPEG solutions
Authors: Murthy N. S. , Knox J. R. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractTwo mPEG‐modified globular proteins [mPEG: methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)], and their native unmodified forms, were examined by small‐angle x‐ray scattering to evaluate the extent of their surface hydration. The effects of free and protein‐bound mPEG on the hydration shell were modeled with discrete electron density profiles. We show that an mPEG‐depleted layer can account for the decrease in the measured radius of gyration Rg from 34.1 to 31.1 Å in native L‐asparaginase, and from 32.4 to 31.0 Å in native bovine serum albumin (BSA) in mPEG‐containing solvents. For mPEG‐modified proteins in mPEG‐free solvents, we attribute the observed increase in the Rg over that of the native proteins (∼3% in L‐asparaginase, and 10% in BSA) to the presence of mPEG on the protein surface. The Rg of the mPEG‐modified proteins in mPEG solutions generally decrease with mPEG concentration. Relative to the corresponding unmodified protein, this decrease in Rg is much larger in BSA (from 35.6 to 31.2 Å) but much smaller (from 34.9 to 34.3 Å) in L‐asparaginase. From these studies, the thickness of the hydration layer around L‐asparaginase and BSA is estimated to be ∼15 Å. Exclusion of polyols from the protein domain could be related to the presence of the hydration shell around the protein. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
Bacteria Displaying Interleukin‐4 Mutants Stimulate Mammalian Cells and Reflect the Biological Activities of Variant Soluble Cytokines
Authors: Krause Sebastian , Würdemann Dieco , Wentzel Alexander , Christmann Andreas , Fehr Holger , Kolmar Harald , Friedrich Karlheinz 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe describe a novel procedure that allows the rapid determination of cytokine activity on cells that express their cognate receptor. The four‐helix bundle cytokine interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) was inducibly expressed as a fusion with the E. coli outer‐membrane protein intimin, such that IL‐4 was presented on the surfaces of the bacteria. Expression and accessibility of the cytokine on the cell exteriors were monitored by Western blotting and fluorescence microscopy, making use of two epitopes flanking the IL‐4 component of the fusion protein. To demonstrate the biological activity of the immobilized cytokine, a Ba/F3‐derived cell line stably transfected with both the bipartite human IL‐4 receptor and an IL‐4‐specific luciferase reporter gene construct was employed. Bacterial cells displaying interleukin‐4 elicited a specific, dose‐dependent response in the reporter cells. Two variants of IL‐4 with previously characterized (partial) antagonistic properties were also expressed as membrane‐bound fusion proteins and were tested for their activity in the immobilized state. In comparison with bacteria displaying wild‐type IL‐4, E. coli clones presenting variants IL‐4 Y124G and Y124D showed diminished or abolished activity, respectively, on murine reporter cells. The relative signaling potencies of the immobilized IL‐4 variants thus closely mirror the agonistic properties of the corresponding soluble cytokines. This approach should be generally applicable for the mutational analysis of numerous signal mediators that trigger cellular responses through dimerization of transmembrane receptors.
Spectral, Structural, and Electrochemical Properties of Ruthenium Porphyrin Diaryl and Aryl(alkoxycarbonyl) Carbene Complexes: Influence of Carbene Substituents, Porphyrin Substituents, and trans‐Axial Ligands
Authors: Li Yan , Huang Jie‐Sheng , Xu Guo‐Bao , Zhu Nianyong , Zhou Zhong‐Yuan , Che Chi‐Ming , Wong Kwok‐Yin 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA wide variety of ruthenium porphyrin carbene complexes, including [Ru(tpfpp)(CR1R2)] (CR1R2 = C(p‐C6H4Cl)2 1 b, C(p‐C6H4Me)2 1 c, C(p‐C6H4OMe)2 1 d, C(CO2Me)2 1 e, C(p‐C6H4NO2)CO2Me 1 f, C(p‐C6H4OMe)CO2Me 1 g, C(CHCHPh)CO2CH2(CHCH)2CH3 1 h), [Ru(por)(CPh2)] (por=tdcpp 2 a, 4‐Br‐tpp 2 b, 4‐Cl‐tpp 2 c, 4‐F‐tpp 2 d, tpp 2 e, ttp 2 f, 4‐MeO‐tpp 2 g, tmp 2 h, 3,4,5‐MeO‐tpp 2 i), [Ru(por){C(Ph)CO2Et}] (por=tdcpp 2 j, tmp 2 k), [Ru(tpfpp)(CPh2)(L)] (L = MeOH 3 a, EtSH 3 b, Et2S 3 c, MeIm 3 d, OPPh3 3 e, py 3 f), and [Ru(tpfpp){C(Ph)CO2R}(MeOH)] (R = CH2CHCH2 4 a, Me 4 b, Et 4 c), were prepared from the reactions of [Ru(por)(CO)] with diazo compounds N2CR1R2 in dichloromethane and, for 3 and 4, by further treatment with reagents L. A similar reaction of [Os(tpfpp)(CO)] with N2CPh2 in dichloromethane followed by treatment with MeIm gave [Os(tpfpp)(CPh2)(MeIm)] (3 d‐Os). All these complexes were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analyses. X‐ray crystal structure determinations of 1 d, 2 a,i, 3 a, b, d, e, 4 a–c, and 3 d‐Os revealed RuC distances of 1.806(3)–1.876(3) Å and an OsC distance of 1.902(3) Å. The structure of 1 d in the solid state features a unique “bridging” carbene ligand, which results in the formation of a one‐dimensional coordination polymer. Cyclic voltammograms of 1 a–c, g, 2 a–d, g–k, 3 b–d, 4 a, b, and 3 d‐Os show a reversible oxidation couple with E1/2 values in the range of 0.06–0.65 V (vs Cp2Fe+/0) that is attributable to a metal‐centered oxidation. The influence of carbene substituents, porphyrin substituents, and trans‐ligands on the RuC bond was examined through comparison of the chemical shifts of the pyrrolic protons in the porphyrin macrocycles (1H NMR) and the MC carbon atoms (13C NMR), the potentials of the metal‐centered oxidation couples, and the RuC distances among the various ruthenium porphyrin carbene complexes. A direct comparison among iron, ruthenium, and osmium porphyrin carbene complexes is made.
Ionic Liquids with Symmetrical Dialkoxymethyl‐Substituted Imidazolium Cations
Authors: Pernak Juliusz , Sobaszkiewicz Kinga , Foksowicz‐Flaczyk Joanna 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA new one‐step procedure is described for the synthesis of disubstituted imidazolium chlorides. 1,3‐Dialkoxymethylimidazolium chlorides thus obtained can be employed as synthetic precursors of symmetrical ILs. The salts have been found to exhibit antimicrobial activity and an antielectrostatic effect. Their densities and viscosities have been determined and are reported herein. It has also been demonstrated that the ILs can be decomposed using an aqueous solution of KMnO4. For each IL, the permanganate index (IMn) has been estimated, which varies with the structure of cation. The only limitation of IMn is the degree to which the IL dissolves in water.
Supramolecular Porphyrin Assemblies through Amidinium–Carboxylate Salt Bridges and Fast Intra‐Ensemble Excited Energy Transfer
Authors: Otsuki Joe , Iwasaki Kosyo , Nakano Yosuke , Itou Mitsunari , Araki Yasuyuki , Ito Osamu 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWell‐defined supramolecular assemblies of Zn and free‐base porphyrins are constructed through the formation of amidinium–carboxylate salt bridges. A one‐to‐one donor–acceptor pair and a four‐to‐one antenna‐type assembly are investigated. The steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence measurements unequivocally showed that efficient singlet–singlet excited energy transfer from the Zn–porphyrin complex to the free‐base porphyrin takes place in these assemblies. Indeed, the observed energy‐transfer rates in both types of assemblies are much faster than those the Förster mechanism would suggest, implying the involvement of an intermolecular through‐bond mechanism.