bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicolor Afterglow Carbon Dots: Luminescence Regulation, Preparation, and Application
Authors: Zhang Yuqi , Chen Lin , Liu Bin , Yu Shiping , Yang Yongzhen , Liu Xuguang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAfterglow materials have attracted much attention owing to their long luminescence lifetimes, large Stokes shifts, and emission without real‐time excitation. Compared with traditional organic afterglow materials, carbon dots (CDs), as a new afterglow material, have superior properties such as easy preparation, low toxicity, and low cost. The emission color of afterglow CDs can be regulated by external factors such as excitation wavelength, temperature, and time, which is highly significant for expanding the diversified applications to make them available for biotechnology and information applications. This review summarizes the research progress of multicolor afterglow CDs in recent years, including luminescence regulation strategies, preparation methods, and applications. First, the multicolor afterglow CDs are classified into three strategies: multicolor room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), thermally activated delayed fluorescence converted to RTP, and delayed fluorescence based on Förster resonance energy transfer, and the strategies for regulating their luminescence properties are analyzed. Second, the preparation methods of achieving multicolor afterglow CDs are summarized in both matrix‐free and matrix‐confined aspects. Then, applications in anticounterfeiting and information encryption, sensing and bioimaging are introduced in detail. Finally, the future challenges and opportunities of multicolor afterglow CDs are prospected to provide ideas for their controlled design and wide application.
Gelatin‐Derived Hard Carbon Achieves Effective Control of Microstructure toward Fast and Durable Sodium Storage
Authors: Wei Yunhong , Ji Xiaohao , Lu Zhiyu , Jin Hongchang , Kong Xianghua , Jin Song , Ji Hengxing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHard carbon (HC) is the most promising anode material for commercial sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, the complex composition of biomass‐derived HC precursors often requires great efforts to impart controlled structures and desired performance. Effective control of the microstructure is still highly desirable for HC anodes. Herein, gelatin is employed as a precursor to regulating the HC structure, including defect concentration, average interlayer spacing, and the pore structure. This provides insights into systematic improvement strategies of sodium‐ion transfer kinetics toward fast and durable sodium storage. Gelatin, as a bio‐precursor, contains abundant ─COOH and ─NH2 groups that promote metal cross‐linking and facilitate the control of the structural evolution of HC. By reasonably controlling the defect content and pore structure, the electrochemical performance can be tailored with enhanced kinetics of sodium‐ion storage. The optimized HC shows a high reversible capacity of 400 mAh g−1, outstanding rate performance, and structural stability over 10 000 cycles with a capacity retention of 77.8%. This work leads to the development of high‐performance HC materials from biomass, which is essential for advancements in battery technology.
PD‐L1 Immune Checkpoint Targeted Photoactivable Liposomes (iTPALs) Prime the Stroma of Pancreatic Tumors and Promote Self‐Delivery
Authors: Bhandari Chanda , Moffat Azophi , Shah Nimit , Khan Adil , Quaye Maxwell , Fakhry John , Soma Siddharth , Nguyen Austin , Eroy Menitte , Malkoochi Ashritha , Brekken Rolf , Hasan Tayyaba , Ferruzzi Jacopo , Obaid Girgis 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDesmoplasia in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) limits the penetration and efficacy of therapies. It has been previously shown that photodynamic priming (PDP) using EGFR targeted photoactivable multi‐inhibitor liposomes remediates desmoplasia in PDAC and doubles overall survival. Here, bifunctional PD‐L1 immune checkpoint targeted photoactivable liposomes (iTPALs) that mediate both PDP and PD‐L1 blockade are presented. iTPALs also improve phototoxicity in PDAC cells and induce immunogenic cell death. PDP using iTPALs reduces collagen density, thereby promoting self‐delivery by 5.4‐fold in collagen hydrogels, and by 2.4‐fold in syngeneic CT1BA5 murine PDAC tumors. PDP also reduces tumor fibroblast content by 39.4%. Importantly, iTPALs also block the PD‐1/PD‐L1 immune checkpoint more efficiently than free α‐PD‐L1 antibodies. Only a single sub‐curative priming dose using iTPALs provides 54.1% tumor growth inhibition and prolongs overall survival in mice by 42.9%. Overall survival directly correlates with the extent of tumor iTPAL self‐delivery following PDP (Pearson's r = 0.670, p = 0.034), while no relationship is found for sham non‐specific IgG constructs activated with light. When applied over multiple cycles, as is typical for immune checkpoint therapy, PDP using iTPALs promises to offer durable tumor growth delay and significant survival benefit in PDAC patients, especially when used to promote self‐delivery of integrated chemo‐immunotherapy regimens.
Atomic Engineering of Single‐Atom Nanozymes for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Shen Ji , Chen Jian , Qian Yuping , Wang Xinqiang , Wang Dingsheng , Pan Hongge , Wang Yuguang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSingle‐atom nanozymes (SAzymes) showcase not only uniformly dispersed active sites but also meticulously engineered coordination structures. These intricate architectures bestow upon them an exceptional catalytic prowess, thereby captivating numerous minds and heralding a new era of possibilities in the biomedical landscape. Tuning the microstructure of SAzymes on the atomic scale is a key factor in designing targeted SAzymes with desirable functions. This review first discusses and summarizes three strategies for designing SAzymes and their impact on reactivity in biocatalysis. The effects of choices of carrier, different synthesis methods, coordination modulation of first/second shell, and the type and number of metal active centers on the enzyme‐like catalytic activity are unraveled. Next, a first attempt is made to summarize the biological applications of SAzymes in tumor therapy, biosensing, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and other biological applications from different mechanisms. Finally, how SAzymes are designed and regulated for further realization of diverse biological applications is reviewed and prospected. It is envisaged that the comprehensive review presented within this exegesis will furnish novel perspectives and profound revelations regarding the biomedical applications of SAzymes.
A High‐Energy Tellurium Redox‐Amphoteric Conversion Cathode Chemistry for Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Du Jingwei , Zhao Yirong , Chu Xingyuan , Wang Gang , Neumann Christof , Xu Hao , Li Xiaodong , Löffler Markus , Lu Qiongqiong , Zhang Jiaxu , Li Dongqi , Zou Jianxin , Mikhailova Daria , Turchanin Andrey , Feng Xinliang , Yu Minghao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc batteries are potential candidates for sustainable energy storage systems at a grid scale, owing to their high safety and low cost. However, the existing cathode chemistries exhibit restricted energy density, which hinders their extensive applications. Here, a tellurium redox‐amphoteric conversion cathode chemistry is presented for aqueous zinc batteries, which delivers a specific capacity of 1223.9 mAh gTe−1 and a high energy density of 1028.0 Wh kgTe−1. A highly concentrated electrolyte (30 mol kg−1 ZnCl2) is revealed crucial for initiating the Te redox‐amphoteric conversion as it suppresses the H2O reactivity and inhibits undesirable hydrolysis of the Te4+ product. By carrying out multiple operando/ex situ characterizations, the reversible six‐electron Te2−/Te0/Te4+ conversion with TeCl4 is identified as the fully charged product and ZnTe as the fully discharged product. This finding not only enriches the conversion‐type battery chemistries but also establishes a critical step in exploring redox‐amphoteric materials for aqueous zinc batteries and beyond.
Machine Learning‐Enhanced Triboelectric Sensing Application
Authors: Shang Ruzhi , Chen Huamin , Cai Xu , Shi Xin , Yang Yanhui , Wei Xuan , Wang Jun , Xu Yun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has become a promising candidate for wearable energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing systems. However, processing large amounts of data imposes a computing power barrier for practical application. Machine learning‐assisted self‐powered sensors based on TENG have been widely used in data‐driven applications due to their excellent characteristics such as no additional power supply, high sensing accuracy, low cost, and good biocompatibility. This work comprehensively reviews the latest progress in machine learning (ML)‐assisted TENG‐based sensors. The future challenges and opportunities are discussed. First, the fundamental principles including the working mode of ML‐assisted TENG‐based sensor and common algorithms are systematically and comprehensively illustrated, which emphasizes the algorithm definition and principle. Subsequently, the progress of ML methods in the field of TENG‐based sensors is further reviewed, summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of various algorithms in practical examples, and providing guidance and suggestions on how to choose the appropriate methods. Finally, the prospects and challenges of ML‐assisted TENG‐based sensors is summarized. Directions and important insights for the future development of TENG and AI integration is provided.
Electrically Reconfigurable Metasurfaces for Frequency Selective Transmission via IPMC Kirigami
Authors: Zhu Zicai , Cheng Suijun , Han Jiachuan , Yan Sen , Fan Peng , Hu Qiao , Tang Zhen‐Hua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetasurface with programmable configurations has attracted tremendous attention due to their exotic abilities to manipulate electromagnetic waves. Herein, an electrically reconfigurable metasurface for frequency selective transmission is developed based on ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) kirigami. First, low‐voltage driven IPMC actuators with stable actuation performance are realized, and then a thermomechanical equivalent model and a numerical electromagnetic analysis model are proposed for evaluating the deformation of the IPMC actuators and predicting the electromagnetic tunable properties of the IPMC kirigami metasurfaces, respectively. Subsequently, large‐area IPMC kirigami metasurfaces are proposed and produced by using programmable nanosecond laser micro‐processing technique that endows the uniformity of the kirigami units. Finally, the electromagnetic functionalities of these IPMC kirigami metasurfaces are researched and validated by experiments and numerical simulations. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the electromagnetic transmission frequency of the fabricated IPMC kirigami metasurface with 10 × 10 units can be tuned from 19.3 to 20.8 GHz by the application of a low voltage of 3 V. Compared with the existing reconfigurable metasurfaces, the proposed IPMC kirigami metasurface demonstrates clear advantages in its compact structure, lower driving‐voltage, low‐acoustic noise, and wide working frequency range.
Polarization‐Sensitive and Self‐Driven Pyro‐Phototronic Photodetectors Based on MoS2‐Water Heterojunctions
Authors: Abnavi Amin , Ahmadi Ribwar , Ghanbari Hamidreza , Fawzy Mirette , Mohammadzadeh Mohammad Reza , Kabir Fahmid , Adachi Michael M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPolarization‐sensitive and self‐driven pyroelectric‐based photodetectors have recently gained interest due to their potential application in artificial electronic eyes, biomedical imaging, and optical switches. Here, a photodetector based on light modulation‐induced polarization and depolarization of water molecules on the surface of a 2D MoS2 crystal is reported. The MoS2‐water heterostructure photodetector serves as a self‐driven pyro‐phototronic device that converts light‐induced thermal energy to electrical signals, leading to a transient photoresponsivity as high as 24.6 mA W−1 and a specific detectivity of 2.85 × 108 Jones under 470 nm wavelength at zero bias. Due to the formation of a built‐in electric field at the MoS2‐water interface, this structure also has a high steady–state responsivity of 3.62 A W−1 and detectivity of 9.18 × 108 Jones at 3 V bias, along with a fast response time of ≈0.74 ms. Moreover, due to the rearrangement of the hydrogen bond network in the liquid water upon visible light illumination, the MoS2‐water photodetector is light polarization‐sensitive. The simple fabrication process, low cost, polarization sensitivity, and high performance of the MoS2‐water structure make it an excellent candidate for liquid‐compatible photodetectors.
Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering in BIC‐Driven Semiconductor Metasurfaces
Authors: Hu Haiyang , Pal Anil Kumar , Berestennikov Alexander , Weber Thomas , Stefancu Andrei , Cortés Emiliano , Maier Stefan A. , Tittl Andreas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSemiconductor‐based surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates, as a new frontier in the field of SERS, are hindered by their poor electromagnetic field confinement and weak light‐matter interaction. Metasurfaces, a class of 2D artificial materials based on the electromagnetic design of nanophotonic resonators, enable strong electromagnetic field enhancement and optical absorption engineering for a wide range of semiconductors. However, the engineering of semiconductor substrates into metasurfaces for improving SERS activity remains underexplored. Here, an improved SERS metasurface platform is developed that leverages the combination of titanium oxide (TiO2) and the emerging physical concept of optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) to boost the Raman emission. Moreover, fine‐tuning of BIC‐assisted resonant absorption offers a pathway for maximizing the photoinduced charge transfer effect (PICT) in SERS. High values of BIC‐assisted electric field enhancement (|E/E0|2 ≈103) are achieved, challenging the preconception of weak electromagnetic (EM) field enhancement on semiconductor SERS substrates. The BIC‐assisted TiO2 metasurface platform offers a new dimension in spectrally‐tunable SERS with earth‐abundant and bio‐compatible semiconductor materials, beyond the traditional plasmonic ones.
Dramatically Enhanced Light‐Emitting/Detecting Bifunction of CH3NH3PbBr3 Single‐Crystal Thin‐Film via Electrical Doping‐Induced Defects Passivation
Authors: Xing Jun , Sun Yue , Huang Xiaorui , He Shengrong , Huang Ziyuan , Li Ying , Li Wei , Yu Weili 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance light‐emitting/detecting bifunctional optoelectronic devices based on halide perovskites are hindered by the less efficient carrier transport and radiative recombination processes. The density of defects (i.e., surface and bulk defects) is the main factor affecting carrier transport, radiation recombination, and determining performance in perovskites. Therefore, techniques to effectively regulate defects are highly needed. Here, a convenient and effective strategy, electrical doping, is proposed to flexibly regulate defect density, resulting in dramatically enhanced light‐emitting (i.e., fluorescence and carrier lifetime) and light‐detecting performance (i.e., hole mobility, photo‐responsivity, and photo‐detectivity) simultaneously. An improved carrier transport model in CH3NH3PbBr3 (MPB) single‐crystal thin‐film (SCTF) is proposed to elucidate the regulation mechanism of defects and carrier transport under electrical doping. These results show that the surface defect density can be effectively reduced by 47.49% under optimal electrical poling intensity (0.168 V µm−1), and photoluminescence intensity and carrier lifetime can be increased by 259% and 89.98%, respectively. Furthermore, planar MPB SCTF photodetector exhibits hole mobility increased by 14.97%, photo‐responsivity increased by 82.78%, and photo‐detectivity increased by 868% at 0.168 V µm−1. Particularly, a record photo‐detectivity of 3.53 × 1013 Jones is achieved under electrical doping. This study provides guidance for flexibly adjusting defect density and optimizing perovskite SCTFs light‐emitting/detecting bifunctional devices.
I2‐Promoted [3+2] Cyclization of Thiocarbamates with Enaminones: a Protocol for the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Thiazol‐2(3H)‐ones
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Hu , Weng Jia‐Hao , Chen Yi , Dong Zhi‐Bing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn I2‐promoted [3+2] cyclization reaction between thiocarbamates with enaminones has been developed for the synthesis of thiazol‐2(3H)‐one derivatives. This protocol involves C−S and C−N bond formation and exhibits good functional group tolerance. The reaction proceeded well at room temperature and provided up to 98% yield of the desired products.
Exploring the Potential of Perennial Nectar‐Producing Wild Plants for Pellet Combustion
Authors: von Cossel Moritz , Heinzel Kathleen , Patiño Lordello Gabriela , Aron Winkler Andreas , Lauria Maria Virginia , Gandamalla Gawasker , Jablonowski Nicolai David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPerennial nectar‐producing wild plant species (WPS) cultivation for biogas production helps improve ecosystem services such as habitat functioning, erosion mitigation, groundwater protection, and carbon sequestration. These ecosystem services could be improved when WPS are harvested in late winter to produce pellets and briquettes as solid energy carriers for heat production. This study aims for gaining first insights into the use of WPS biomass as resource for pellet and briquette combustion with focus on two perennial WPS common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) and mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.), and two biennial WPS yellow melilot (Melilotus officinalis L.) and wild teasel (Dipsacus fullonum L.). All WPS are found economically viable for pellet combustion. The main drivers are i) low cultivation costs, ii) subsidies, and iii) low pellet production costs due to low moisture contents. However, high ash contents in WPS biomass justify the need of i) blending with woody‐biomass or ii) supplementing with additives to attain international standards for household stoves. This approach appears technically feasible providing a research field with significant potential impacts. As 70% of the pellet market is demanded as household level, public concern about the legal framework of alternative plant biomass pellets must be overcome to develop this market.
Stochastic Spin‐Orbit‐Torque Synapse and its Application in Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Wang Cen , Zeng Guang , Wen Xinyu , He Yuhui , Luo Wei , Chen Shiwei , Yang Xiaofei , Liang Shiheng , Zhang Yue 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStochasticity plays a significant role in the low‐power operation of a biological neural network. In an artificial neural network, stochasticity also contributes to critical functions such as the uncertainty quantification (UQ) for estimating the probability for the correctness of prediction. This UQ is vital for cutting‐edge applications, including medical diagnostics, autopilots, and large language models. Thanks to nonlinear variation of analogous Hall resistance with high computing velocity and low dissipation, a stochastic spin‐orbit‐torque (SOT) device exhibits significant potential for implementing the UQ. However, up until now, the application of UQ for stochastic SOT devices remains unexplored. In this study, based on SOT‐induced stochastic magnetic domain wall (DW) motion with varying velocity, a SOT synapse is fabricated that can emulate stochastic weight update following the Spike‐Timing‐Dependent‐Plasticity (STDP) rule. Furthermore, a stochastic SNN is set up, which, when compared to its deterministic counterpart, demonstrates a clear advantage in quantifying uncertainty for diagnosing the type of breast tumor (benign or malignant).
Multiscale Micro‐Nano Hierarchical Porous Germanium with Self‐Adaptive Stress Dispersion for Highly Robust Lithium‐Ion Batteries Anode
Authors: Guo Siguang , Sun Zhefei , Liu Yu , Guo Xinbo , Feng Haoqin , Luo Shi , Wei Changhao , Zheng Yang , Zhang Xuming , Kim Kangwoon , Liu Haodong , Chu Paul K , Gao Biao , Zhang Qiaobao , Huo Kaifu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe manipulation of stress in high‐capacity microscale alloying anode materials, which undergo significant volumetric variation during cycling, is crucial prerequisite for improved their cycling capability. In this work, an innovative structural design strategy is proposed for scalable fabrication of a unique 3D highly porous micro structured germanium (Ge) featuring micro‐nano hierarchical architecture as viable anode for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The resultant micro‐sized Ge, consisting of interconnected nanoligaments and bicontinuous nanopores, is endowed with high activity, decreased Li+ diffusion distance and alleviated volume variation, appealing as an ideal platform for in‐depth understanding the relationship between structural design and stress evolution. Such a micro‐sized Ge being highly porous delivers a record high initial Coulombic efficiency of 92.5%, large volumetric capacity of 2,421 mAh cm−3 at 1.2 mA cm−2, exceptional rate capability (805.6 mAh g−1 at 10 Ag−1) and cycling stability (over 90% capacity retention after 1000 cycles even at 5 A g−1), largely outperforming the reported Ge‐based anodes for LIBs. Furthermore, its underlying Li storage mechanism and stress dispersion behavior are explicitly revealed by combined substantial in situ/ex situ experimental characterizations and theoretical computation. This work provides novel insights into the rational design of high‐performance and durable alloying anodes toward high‐energy LIBs.
Tracking Sodium Cluster Dynamics in Hard Carbon with a Low Specific Surface Area for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Aniskevich Yauhen , Yu Jun Ho , Kim Ji‐Young , Komaba Shinichi , Myung Seung‐Taek 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHere, the sodium storage mechanism in commercial grade hard carbon with a low surface area is comprehensively investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, and in situ Raman spectroscopy for fresh and cycled electrodes. The reversible shift of the carbon G‐band peak on Raman spectra and substantial change of the charge‐transfer resistance in the sloping region of the voltage profile indicates the intercalation of sodium ions into hard carbon, whereas the low‐voltage plateau is associated with the pore‐filling process. In situ Raman analysis at low frequencies reveals that the pore filling is progressed via formation of small sodium clusters in closed pores. Prolonged cycling demonstrates that intercalation is stable and consistent throughout multiple charge–discharge cycles. The transition from intercalation to pore filling strongly affects the diffusion behavior, leading to considerably slower diffusivity at low voltage. The EIS effectively differentiates the contribution of adsorption to charge storage. The gradual growth of the solid‐electrolyte interphase layer affects the rise of the interfacial resistance as cycling progresses. In combination with the slower diffusivity, the low‐voltage plateau region strictly impedes fast de/sodiation and eventually causes capacity fade.