bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interest in global surgery rotations among oral and maxillofacial surgical residents in the United States
Authors: Harris Jack A. , Guntaka Praveen Kumar , Niedziela Cassi J. , Aziz Shahid R. , Afshar Salim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study sought to assess interest in global surgery rotations among current United States (US)‐based oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) residents.MethodsAn anonymous 23‐question survey was distributed to 633 current OMS residents in the US to examine resident interest in global surgery rotations during residency. The primary outcome variable was resident interest in participating in global OMS rotations during residency training, whereas the primary predictor variable was the presence of residency faculty involved in global OMS work. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all study variables and univariate/multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of interest in global OMS rotations.ResultsA total of 120 residents with an average age of 30.4 ± 3.2 years responded to the survey. At present, 22 (18.5%) residents stated that their residency programs offer some sort of global OMS rotation and 21 (95.5%) of these claimed they were willing to participate in global OMS rotations at their residency program. Out of the residents who stated their program did not offer a global OMS rotation, 86 (87.8%) respondents stated they would be interested in adding a dedicated global OMS rotation to their residency curriculum. The presence of OMS residency faculty involved in global OMS work (p = 0.030) and a resident's willingness to dedicate vacation time to participate in a global surgery rotation (p = 0.005) were associated with increased interest in a global surgery rotation.ConclusionThe majority of respondents would welcome a dedicated global OMS rotation during their residency training.
Blebs and former blebs: From surface protrusions to extracellular vesicles in cancer signalling, anoikis resistance and beyond
Authors: Di Vizio Dolores , Schoppet Melanie , Weeraratna Ashani , Witwer Kenneth W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAssociations between plasma membrane blebbing and metastatic progression have been widely reported. There are also reports of increased extracellular vesicle (EV) release from cancer cells. Yet the ties between these closely related phenomena are incompletely understood. In this commentary, we remark on a recent finding on cellular membrane blebs in melanoma signalling. We discuss possible implications for cancer biology and draw parallels to knowns and unknowns in the relationships of EVs and cancer progression.
Self‐reported food intolerances in an Indian population: Need for individualization rather than a universal low‐FODMAP diet
Authors: Abraham Philip , Dhoble Pavan , Desai Devendra , Joshi Anand , Gupta Tarun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimLow‐fermentable oligo‐, di‐, and monosaccharides and polyol (FODMAP) diets have been recommended for individuals with food intolerance and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Individual food intolerances may, however, not correspond to the FODMAP content alone.MethodsWe conducted a survey on self‐reported intolerance to articles of food commonly identified as high FODMAP in 400 healthy Indian subjects (median age 40 years; 69% men) and 204 consecutive consenting patients with IBS (median age 36 years; 58% men).ResultsOne‐hundred seventy‐nine (44.8%) healthy subjects and 147 (72.1%) patients with IBS reported some food intolerance (P < 0.00001); the latter reported intolerance to all items (except nuts) more frequently than healthy subjects. The prevalence, however, varied from 2.5 to 32%. Milk intolerance was reported equally commonly by healthy subjects and patients (23% vs 29.9%). Twenty‐three (11.3%) patients and no healthy subjects reported wheat sensitivity. The IBS diarrhea subgroup reported intolerance to milk, pulses, capsicum, cauliflower, leafy vegetables, and dry fruits more frequently than the constipation subgroup.ConclusionFrom among a list of high‐FODMAP items, individuals' intolerance varied widely, suggesting that individuals should be the final judge in deciding their elimination diets rather than devise them based on the FODMAP content alone. As in the West, food intolerance was reported more commonly by patients with IBS, especially those with diarrhea, than by healthy individuals. Also noteworthy is the low prevalence of milk intolerance in a subcontinent labeled as high in lactose intolerance. Unlike in the West, wheat intolerance was not reported by any healthy individual.
Does value chain inclusiveness increase smallholder resilience during pandemics? Lessons from the Zambia's sugar‐belt
Authors: Manda Simon , Miti Caroline 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper asks whether value chain integration increases smallholder resilience during shocks. Using a qualitative research study design and the test case of the ‘sugar‐belt’ in Zambia, the paper draws on interviews with participants from different stakeholder groups, including household case studies and group discussions. Results show sugarcane value chain integration enhances smallholder livelihood resilience during pandemics through its coordination arrangement, but more could be done. Indirect involvement in, and joint procurement processes of inputs between smallholders and the management company, existing ready and stable access to markets and access to Fairtrade relief funds that point to direct livelihood support proved crucial for strengthening smallholder livelihood resilience during the pandemic. There were COVID‐19‐related adjustments by the management company, which further increased smallholder support. However, in as much as coordination arrangements seemed to have worked well during COVID‐19, smallholder livelihoods remained narrow and risky, raising the need for diversification that could strengthen sustainable resilience. This paper sheds light on how value chains could be organised to enhance pandemic recovery and build livelihood resilience. It helps us to reflect on the ‘(in)effectiveness’ of value chain institutions and the role and importance of smallholder coordination arrangements during pandemics. Ultimately, the result is a contribution to livelihood resilience thinking in value chains—one we hope is appropriate to our conjuncture.
Assessment of Lymphovascular Invasion in Breast Cancer Using a Combined MRI Morphological Features, Radiomics, and Deep Learning Approach Based on Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced MRI
Authors: Yang Xiuqi , Fan Xiaohong , Lin Shanyue , Zhou Yingjun , Liu Haibo , Wang Xuefei , Zuo Zhichao , Zeng Ying 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundAssessment of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in breast cancer (BC) primarily relies on preoperative needle biopsy. There is an urgent need to develop a non‐invasive assessment method.PurposeTo develop an effective model to assess the LVI status in patients with BC using magnetic resonance imaging morphological features (MRI‐MF), Radiomics, and deep learning (DL) approaches based on dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI).Study TypeCross‐sectional retrospective cohort study.PopulationThe study included 206 BC patients, with 136 in the training set [97 LVI(−) and 39 LVI(+) cases; median age: 51.5 years] and 70 in the test set [52 LVI(−) and 18 LVI(+) cases; median age: 48 years].Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T/T1‐weighted images, fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted images, diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and DCE‐MRI.AssessmentThe MRI‐MF model was developed with conventional MR features using logistic analyses. The Radiomic feature extraction process involved collecting data from categorized DCE‐MRI datasets, specifically the first and second post‐contrast images (A1 and A2). Next, a DL model was implemented to determine LVI. Finally, we established a joint diagnosis model by combining the MRI‐MF, Radiomics, and DL approaches.Statistical TestsDiagnostic performance was compared using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, confusion matrix, and decision curve analysis.ResultsRim sign and peritumoral edema features were used to develop the MRI‐MF model, while six Radiomics signature from the A1 and A2 images were used for the Radiomics model. The joint model (MRI‐MF + Radiomics + DL models) achieved the highest accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.857), being significantly superior to the MRI‐MF (AUC = 0.724), Radiomics (AUC = 0.736), or DL (AUC = 0.740) model. Furthermore, it also outperformed the pairwise combination models: Radiomics + MRI‐MF (AUC = 0.796), DL + MRI‐MF (AUC = 0.796), or DL + Radiomics (AUC = 0.826).Data ConclusionThe joint model incorporating MRI‐MF, Radiomics, and DL approaches can effectively determine the LVI status in patients with BC before surgery.Level of Evidence4Technical EfficacyStage 2
Reference Values for Fetal Cardiac Dimensions, Volumes, Ventricular Function and Left Ventricular Longitudinal Strain Using Doppler Ultrasound Gated Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Healthy Third Trimester Fetuses
Authors: Minocha Prashant K. , Englund Erin K. , Friesen Richard M. , Fujiwara Takashi , Smith Sarah A. , Meyers Mariana L. , Browne Lorna P. , Barker Alex J. 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundRecent advances in hardware and software permit the use of cardiac MRI of late gestation fetuses, however there is a paucity of MRI‐based reference values.PurposeTo provide initial data on fetal cardiac MRI‐derived cardiac dimensions, volumes, ventricular function, and left ventricular longitudinal strain in healthy developing fetuses >30 weeks gestational age.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTwenty‐five third trimester (34 ± 1 weeks, range of 32–37 weeks gestation) women with healthy developing fetuses.Field Strength/SequenceStudies were performed at 1.5 T and 3 T. Cardiac synchronization was achieved with a Doppler ultrasound device. The protocol included T2 single shot turbo spin echo stacks for fetal weight and ultrasound probe positioning, and multiplanar multi‐slice cine balanced steady state free precession gradient echo sequences.AssessmentPrimary analyses were performed by a single observer. Weight indexed right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) volumes and function were calculated from short axis (SAX) stacks. Cardiac dimensions were calculated from the four‐chamber and SAX stacks. Single plane LV longitudinal strain was calculated from the four‐chamber stack. Interobserver variability was assessed in 10 participants. Cardiac MRI values were compared against available published normative fetal echocardiogram data using z‐scores.Statistical TestsMean and SDs were calculated for baseline maternal/fetal demographics, cardiac dimensions, volumes, ventricular function, and left ventricular longitudinal strain. Bland–Altman and intraclass correlation coefficient analysis was performed to test interobserver variability.ResultsThe mean gestational age was 34 ± 1.4 weeks. The mean RV and LV end diastolic volumes were 3.1 ± 0.6 mL/kg and 2.4 ± 0.5 mL/kg respectively. The mean RV cardiac output was 198 ± 49 mL/min/kg while the mean LV cardiac output was 173 ± 43 mL/min/kg.Data ConclusionThis paper reports initial reference values obtained by cardiac MRI in healthy developing third trimester fetuses. MRI generally resulted in slightly larger indexed values (by z‐score) compared to reports in literature using fetal echocardiography.Evidence level1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Prevalence and Impact of Workplace Sexual Harassment Experienced by Medical Sonographers
Authors: Yi Sue Y. , Ali Naiim S. , Lee Kenneth S. , Ross Andrew B. 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and impact of sexual harassment among a nationwide sample of medical sonographers.MethodsA survey was distributed anonymously to a convenience sample of medical sonographers via email contacts and sonographer‐specific social media pages. Data were analyzed to determine respondent demographics, the prevalence of sexual harassment in the last 2 years, the type and severity of harassment experienced, demographics of perpetrators, personal and institutional responses to such experiences, and the impact of sexual harassment on sonographer physical and mental health and job satisfaction.ResultsOf the 220 sonographers (83% female) most (45%) were between 18 and 34 years and identified as white (81%). A total of 192 (87%) reported experiencing at least 1 incident of harassment within the last 2 years. Female respondents experienced higher harassment rates (76%) compared to males (50%, P = .02). The most common forms of harassment were verbal, including suggestive or sexist jokes (69%) and offensive sexist remarks (61%). Perpetrators were predominantly male (78%) and most commonly patients (89%) or their friends/family members (46%). The majority of respondents either ignored the harassing behavior (70%) or treated it like a joke (50%), with only a minority (12%) officially reporting incidents. Of those who reported, 44% were unsatisfied with their institution's response. Among respondents, 34% reported negative impacts of workplace sexual harassment, such as anxiety, depression, sleep loss, or adverse workplace consequences.DiscussionWorkplace sexual harassment is a common occurrence for sonographers and often leads to negative health and career outcomes. Further institutional policies to prevent harassment and mitigate its effects are needed.
Comparing contemporary models to traditional indices to estimate abundance of desert bighorn sheep
Authors: Blum Marcus E. , Buderman Frances E. , Bennett Joe R. , Stewart Kelley M. , Cox Mike , Williams Perry J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAerial surveys for large ungulates produce count data that often underrepresent the number of animals. Errors in count data can lead to erroneous estimates of abundance if they are not addressed. Our objective was to address imperfect detection probability by developing a framework that produces realistic and defensible estimates of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) abundance. We applied our framework to a population of desert bighorn sheep (O. c. nelsoni) in the Great Basin, Nevada, USA. We captured and marked 24 desert bighorn sheep with global positioning system (GPS)‐collars and then conducted helicopter surveys naïve to the locations of collared animals. We developed a Bayesian integrated data model to leverage information from telemetry data, helicopter survey counts, and habitat characteristics to estimate abundance while accounting for availability and perception probability (i.e., detection given availability). Distance to ridgeline, terrain ruggedness, tree cover, and slope influenced perception probability of sheep given they were viewable from the helicopter. There was also annual variation in perception probability (2018: median = 0.64, credible interval [CrI] = 0.37–0.87; 2019: median = 0.81, CrI = 0.49–0.97). The abundance estimates from the integrated data model decreased from 2018 (594; 95% CrI = 537–656) to 2019 (487; 95% CrI = 436–551). In addition, accounting for availability and imperfect perception resulted in greater estimates of abundance compared to traditional directed search methods, which were 340 for 2018 and 320 for 2019. Our modeling framework can be used to generate more defensible population estimates of bighorn sheep and other large mammals that have been surveyed in a similar manner.
On group actions of p‐groups on p′$p^{\prime }$‐groups
Authors: Yang Yong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLet A be a finite group that acts coprimely on another finite group G, and in this setting we study the orbit structure of the group A on the irreducible characters or conjugacy classes of the group G. We prove that if a p‐group A acts coprimely on a finite group G, then A has a “large” orbit in its corresponding action on the set of ordinary complex irreducible characters of G. This answers a conjecture of Moretó affirmatively.
Interleaved x‐ray imaging: A method for simultaneous acquisition of quantitative and diagnostic digital subtraction angiography
Authors: Whitehead Joseph F. , Hoffman Carson A. , Wagner Martin G. , Minesinger Grace M. , Nikolau Ethan P. , Laeseke Paul F. , Speidel Michael A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundFlow altering angiographic procedures suffer from ill‐defined, qualitative endpoints. Quantitative digital subtraction angiography (qDSA) is an emerging technology that aims to address this issue by providing intra‐procedural blood velocity measurements from time‐resolved, 2D angiograms. To date, qDSA has used 30 frame/s DSA imaging, which is associated with high radiation dose rate compared to clinical diagnostic DSA (up to 4 frame/s).PurposeThe purpose of this study is to demonstrate an interleaved x‐ray imaging method which decreases the radiation dose rate associated with high frame rate qDSA while simultaneously providing low frame rate diagnostic DSA images, enabling the acquisition of both datasets in a single image sequence with a single injection of contrast agent.MethodsInterleaved x‐ray imaging combines low radiation dose image frames acquired at a high rate with high radiation dose image frames acquired at a low rate. The feasibility of this approach was evaluated on an x‐ray system equipped with research prototype software for x‐ray tube control. qDSA blood velocity quantification was evaluated in a flow phantom study for two lower dose interleaving protocols (LD1: and LD2: ) and one conventional (full dose) protocol (. Dose was measured at the interventional reference point. Fluid velocities ranging from 24 to 45 cm/s were investigated. Gold standard velocities were measured using an ultrasound flow probe. Linear regression and Bland‐Altman analysis were used to compare ultrasound and qDSA.ResultsThe LD1 and LD2 interleaved protocols resulted in dose rate reductions of −67.7% and −85.5%, compared to the full dose qDSA scan. For the full dose protocol, the Bland‐Altman limits of agreement (LOA) between qDSA and ultrasound velocities were [0.7, 6.7] cm/s with a mean difference of 3.7 cm/s. The LD1 interleaved protocol results were similar (LOA: [0.3, 6.9] cm/s, bias: 3.6 cm/s). The LD2 interleaved protocol resulted in slightly larger LOA: [−2.5, 5.5] cm/s with a decrease in the bias: 1.5 cm/s. Linear regression analysis showed a strong correlation between ultrasound and qDSA derived velocities using the LD1 protocol, with a of , a slope of and an offset of cm/s. Similar values were also found for the LD2 protocol, with a of , a slope of and an offset of cm/s.ConclusionsThe interleaved method enables simultaneous acquisition of low‐dose high‐rate images for intra‐procedural blood velocity quantification (qDSA) and high‐dose low‐rate images for vessel morphology evaluation (diagnostic DSA).
Neuroanatomical profile of BMI implicates impulsive delay discounting and general cognitive ability
Authors: Xu Hui , Owens Max M. , MacKillop James 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveObesity is a disorder of excessive adiposity, typically assessed via the anthropometric density measure of BMI. Numerous studies have implicated BMI with differences in brain structure, but with highly inconsistent findings.MethodsMachine learning elastic net regression models with cross‐validation were conducted to characterize a neuroanatomical morphometry profile associated with BMI in 1100 participants (22% BMI > 30, n = 242) from the Human Connectome Project Young Adult project.ResultsUsing five‐fold cross‐validation, the multiregion neuroanatomical profile substantively predicted BMI (R2 = 10.05%), and this was robust in a held‐out test set (R2 = 8.87%). In terms of specific regions, the neuroanatomical profile was enriched for nodes in the default mode, executive control, and salience networks. The relationship between the morphometry profile and BMI itself was partially mediated by impulsive delay discounting and general cognitive ability.ConclusionsTaken together, these findings reveal a robust machine learning‐derived neuroanatomical profile of BMI, one that comprises nodes in motivational brain networks and suggests the functional links to obesity are via self‐regulatory capacity and cognitive function.image
A practicable approach for stability analysis in soft robotics: A workspace analysis for a real soft robot
Authors: Seis Robin , de Payrebrune Kristin Miriam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSoft robotics is a novel field that has gained importance in recent years. The idea in soft robotics is to use materials with a softness comparable to human tissue. With these materials, soft robots are capable to adapt to their environment without extensive use of a sensor system. This makes them interesting, for example, in rehabilitation or as a surgery tool. Due to their softness, soft robots are typically underactuated, which means that they have a lower number of actuators than degrees of freedom. This softness leads to significant deformation of the initial soft robot configuration when external loads are applied, for example, when carrying a weight. Hence, for practical applications, it is important to determine the workspace of a soft robot especially when the robot carrying an object. For this setup, the deformation of a pneumatically actuated self‐developed soft robot, which carries a weight, was simulated. The workspace was analyzed for different air pressures in the chambers of the soft robot as well as for different applied weights. Analytical equations for the description of the workspace were developed from the results of the simulations. From these equations, the effects of air pressure and weight on the workspace can be efficiently determined. In addition, the influences on different robot configurations (e.g., robots with different lengths) can be directly compared with each other.
An optimal design problem for an anisotropic elastic plate in a dynamic contact with an obstacle
Authors: Bock Igor 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe deal with an optimal design problem governed by an initial‐boundary value problem for a hyperbolic variational inequality describing the perpendicular vibrations of a simply supported anisotropic elastic plate against a rigid obstacle. A variable thickness of a plate plays the role of a control variable. The admissible set of states for the design problem contains solutions of a state problem gained as limits of the sequences of functions solving penalized problems. We verify the existence of the optimal thickness function using the optimal controls achieved as solutions of optimal design problems connected with penalized state problems.
Hysteresis manifestation of graded rubber
Authors: Do Quoc‐Viet , Yamaguchi Masayuki , Washizu Kensuke , Mabuchi Takahiro , Tada Toshio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the present study, hysteresis loss in the cyclic stress–strain curves of graded styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) was compared with that of homogenously crosslinked SBR. The graded SBR was prepared by vulcanization in a temperature gradient, which provided a gradient of crosslink density in the thickness direction of the sheet. The graded SBR had a higher hysteresis loss ratio than the homogenously crosslinked SBR, even though they had similar Young's moduli. The large energy loss must be attributed to the viscous response of the low‐crosslink‐density side of the rubber sheet. After the unloading process, the graded rubber exhibited a large instantaneous residual strain. However, its actual residual strain was small after waiting for a long time, indicating good rubber elasticity, which was attributed to the elastic response of the high‐crosslink‐density side of the rubber.