bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Unit Physicians and Challenges Encountered in the Follow-up of Military Personnel with Cancer
Authors: Lalande Manon , Vanderperre Guillaume , Périsse Anne , Patient Matthieu , Roméo Emilie , Bladé Jean Sébastien , Boudin Laurys 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
General practitioners (GPs) play a central role in the management and coordination of care of patients with malignant tumors and blood diseases. Civilian GPs encounter certain difficulties during the care of such patients. The practice of unit medicine in a military environment differs from that in a civilian context through expertise in fitness to serve and to deployment and the target population. We identified the difficulties encountered by “unit” physicians during and after cancer treatment.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional descriptive study from July 2, 2021, to September 30, 2022, targeting all military GPs belonging to the French Armed Forces Health Service. We sent a questionnaire consisting of 1 open- and 16 closed multiple-choice questions describing the population of unit physicians and their patients (questions 1–5), the difficulties encountered by physicians in the follow-up of military personnel with cancer (Questions 6, 7, 11, 12, and 13), and the potential information networks accessible to physicians (questions 8–10, 14, and 17).

Results
Three hundred and ninety physicians completed the questionnaires. Among the 700 military GPs, 390 physicians responded to the questionnaire and 327 completed it exhaustively. The questionnaire response rate was 55%. Of the responding physicians, 49% and 70% reported following patients with an “active” malignant tumor and a malignant tumor pathology in remission, respectively. Thirty-one percent of the physicians encountered difficulties with these patients as follows: 26% concerning fitness for duty, 17% in medical follow-up, 14% in addressing the psychological aspect, 11% concerning specialist accessibility for advice, 10% in managing deconditioning to effort, 9% in addressing the social aspect, 7% in medical management, and 6% concerning other issues.

Conclusions
Difficulties in the follow-up of patients with cancer affect military doctors. They mainly concern fitness for duty and medical follow-up.
Department of Defense Medical Examination Review Board Audiogram Screening Comparative Analysis
Authors: Kilgore Katelyn M , Beer Emma N , Adams Jason K , Scalo Julieta F , Kilgore Aaron J , Marinelli John P , Erbele Isaac D , Dowling Glenn A , Esquivel Carlos R , Spear Samuel A 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The Department of Defense Medical Examination Review Board (DoDMERB) plays a pivotal role in the assessment of medical fitness for aspiring military officers. A crucial component of this process is the screening audiogram, designed to evaluate hearing capabilities. However, recent observations of high disqualification rates following screening audiograms led to concerns about their accuracy.

Materials and Methods
This quality improvement project, conducted between 2017 and 2019, aimed to assess the concordance between screening audiograms and reference-standard audiometry, as well as to investigate the relationship between disqualification status and hearing thresholds at different frequencies. A sample of 134 candidates, drawn from various locations across the United States, was analyzed.

Results
Results revealed that the screening audiogram mean thresholds were twice that of the reference-standard audiogram, particularly in the lower frequencies. Additionally, we found that 84% of candidates were incorrectly disqualified by the screening exam when followed up by the reference-standard. Overall, Bland-Altman analysis revealed significant disagreement between these two tests. This discrepancy prompted a fundamental policy shift in 2020, where candidates who fail screening audiograms now automatically undergo reference-standard audiometry before any disqualification decision. This policy change reflects the commitment of DoDMERB to refining the medical screening process. It reduces the burden on candidates, provides a more comprehensive assessment, and ensures that qualified individuals are not erroneously disqualified.
In addition to policy changes, this quality improvement project explored potential courses of action to enhance the screening audiogram process. Among these, improving contract specifications for testing facilities to minimize ambient noise emerged as the most practical and cost-effective approach.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the project underscores the importance of refining medical screening processes to accurately assess candidates’ qualifications while retaining the utility of screening audiograms. These efforts not only benefit aspiring military officers but also contribute to maintaining the high standards required for military service.
The relationship between locomotive syndrome and depression in young Chinese college students
Authors: Ma Yixuan , Wu Xinze , Hong Weihao , Ning Yuxiang , Zhou Xiao , Shen Shaoshuai , Zhang Bing 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
This study investigates the relationship between locomotive syndrome (LS) and mental disorder (depression) in young Chinese college students.

Methods
Our study population (n = 165; mean age of 19.82 ±1.90 years) comprises college student residents at Tsinghua University in Beijing, China. Three screening methods were used to evaluate LS: 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25), a two-step test, and a stand-up test. Depression was screened by the Chinese version of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS).

Results
The prevalence of LS and depression was 20.1% and 30.9%, respectively. The LS group had lower grip strength and higher ZSDS scores than the non-LS group.

Conclusion
Young Chinese college students have a relatively high prevalence of LS, and LS and GLFS-25 scores were significantly related to depression. The present results suggest that management strategies for LS should consider depressive symptoms among young adults.
An archaeal virus-encoded anti-CRISPR protein inhibits type III-B immunity by inhibiting Cas RNP complex turnover
Authors: Liu Jilin , Li Qian , Wang Xiaojie , Liu Zhenzhen , Ye Qing , Liu Tao , Pan Saifu , Peng Nan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
CRISPR–Cas systems are widespread in prokaryotes and provide adaptive immune against viral infection. Viruses encode a type of proteins called anti-CRISPR to evade the immunity. Here, we identify an archaeal virus-encoded anti-CRISPR protein, AcrIIIB2, that inhibits Type III-B immunity. We find that AcrIIIB2 inhibits Type III-B CRISPR–Cas immunity in vivo regardless of viral early or middle-/late-expressed genes to be targeted. We also demonstrate that AcrIIIB2 interacts with Cmr4α subunit, forming a complex with target RNA and Cmr-α ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). Furtherly, we discover that AcrIIIB2 inhibits the RNase activity, ssDNase activity and cOA synthesis activity of Cmr-α RNP in vitro under a higher target RNA-to-Cmr-α RNP ratio and has no effect on Cmr-α activities at the target RNA-to-Cmr-α RNP ratio of 1. Our results suggest that once the target RNA is cleaved by Cmr-α RNP, AcrIIIB2 probably inhibits the disassociation of cleaved target RNA, therefore blocking the access of other target RNA substrates. Together, our findings highlight the multiple functions of a novel anti-CRISPR protein on inhibition of the most complicated CRISPR–Cas system targeting the genes involved in the whole life cycle of viruses.
The N-terminus of Spt16 anchors FACT to MCM2–7 for parental histone recycling
Authors: Wang Xuezheng , Tang Yuantao , Xu Jiawei , Leng He , Shi Guojun , Hu Zaifeng , Wu Jiale , Xiu Yuwen , Feng Jianxun , Li Qing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Parental histone recycling is vital for maintaining chromatin-based epigenetic information during replication, yet its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we uncover an unexpected role of histone chaperone FACT and its N-terminus of the Spt16 subunit during parental histone recycling and transfer in budding yeast. Depletion of Spt16 and mutations at its middle domain that impair histone binding compromise parental histone recycling on both the leading and lagging strands of DNA replication forks. Intriguingly, deletion of the Spt16-N domain impairs parental histone recycling, with a more pronounced defect observed on the lagging strand. Mechanistically, the Spt16-N domain interacts with the replicative helicase MCM2–7 and facilitates the formation of a ternary complex involving FACT, histone H3/H4 and Mcm2 histone binding domain, critical for the recycling and transfer of parental histones to lagging strands. Lack of the Spt16-N domain weakens the FACT-MCM interaction and reduces parental histone recycling. We propose that the Spt16-N domain acts as a protein-protein interaction module, enabling FACT to function as a shuttle chaperone in collaboration with Mcm2 and potentially other replisome components for efficient local parental histone recycling and inheritance.
The SAP domain of Ku facilitates its efficient loading onto DNA ends
Authors: Fulneček Jaroslav , Klimentová Eva , Cairo Albert , Bukovcakova Sona Valuchova , Alexiou Panagiotis , Prokop Zbynek , Riha Karel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved DNA repair complex Ku serves as the primary sensor of free DNA ends in eukaryotic cells. Its rapid association with DNA ends is crucial for several cellular processes, including non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair and telomere protection. In this study, we conducted a transient kinetic analysis to investigate the impact of the SAP domain on individual phases of the Ku–DNA interaction. Specifically, we examined the initial binding, the subsequent docking of Ku onto DNA, and sliding of Ku along DNA. Our findings revealed that the C-terminal SAP domain of Ku70 facilitates the initial phases of the Ku–DNA interaction but does not affect the sliding process. This suggests that the SAP domain may either establish the first interactions with DNA, or stabilize these initial interactions during loading. To assess the biological role of the SAP domain, we generated Arabidopsis plants expressing Ku lacking the SAP domain. Intriguingly, despite the decreased efficiency of the ΔSAP Ku complex in loading onto DNA, the mutant plants exhibited full proficiency in classical NHEJ and telomere maintenance. This indicates that the speed with which Ku loads onto telomeres or DNA double-strand breaks is not the decisive factor in stabilizing these DNA structures.
Dynamic ParB–DNA interactions initiate and maintain a partition condensate for bacterial chromosome segregation
Authors: Tišma Miloš , Janissen Richard , Antar Hammam , Martin-Gonzalez Alejandro , Barth Roman , Beekman Twan , van der Torre Jaco , Michieletto Davide , Gruber Stephan , Dekker Cees 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In most bacteria, chromosome segregation is driven by the ParABS system where the CTPase protein ParB loads at the parS site to trigger the formation of a large partition complex. Here, we present in vitro studies of the partition complex for Bacillus subtilis ParB, using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy and AFM imaging to show that transient ParB–ParB bridges are essential for forming DNA condensates. Molecular Dynamics simulations confirm that condensation occurs abruptly at a critical concentration of ParB and show that multimerization is a prerequisite for forming the partition complex. Magnetic tweezer force spectroscopy on mutant ParB proteins demonstrates that CTP hydrolysis at the N-terminal domain is essential for DNA condensation. Finally, we show that transcribing RNA polymerases can steadily traverse the ParB–DNA partition complex. These findings uncover how ParB forms a stable yet dynamic partition complex for chromosome segregation that induces DNA condensation and segregation while enabling replication and transcription.
CellCommuNet: an atlas of cell–cell communication networks from single-cell RNA sequencing of human and mouse tissues in normal and disease states
Authors: Ma Qinfeng , Li Qiang , Zheng Xiao , Pan Jianbo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cell−cell communication, as a basic feature of multicellular organisms, is crucial for maintaining the biological functions and microenvironmental homeostasis of cells, organs, and whole organisms. Alterations in cell−cell communication contribute to many diseases, including cancers. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides a powerful method for studying cell−cell communication by enabling the analysis of ligand−receptor interactions. Here, we introduce CellCommuNet (http://www.inbirg.com/cellcommunet/), a comprehensive data resource for exploring cell−cell communication networks in scRNA-seq data from human and mouse tissues in normal and disease states. CellCommuNet currently includes 376 single datasets from multiple sources, and 118 comparison datasets between disease and normal samples originating from the same study. CellCommuNet provides information on the strength of communication between cells and related signalling pathways and facilitates the exploration of differences in cell−cell communication between healthy and disease states. Users can also search for specific signalling pathways, ligand−receptor pairs, and cell types of interest. CellCommuNet provides interactive graphics illustrating cell−cell communication in different states, enabling differential analysis of communication strength between disease and control samples. This comprehensive database aims to be a valuable resource for biologists studying cell−cell communication networks.
Carnap’s λ-System: One Family
Authors: Lewis David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This is the sixth chapter of Confirmation Theory. Confirmation Theory is a book manuscript that Lewis wrote in 1969 on the basis of a course he’d given at UCLA. He submitted the manuscript to Harvard University Press who expressed an interest. It consists of seven chapters covering intensional semantics, probability measures, rational belief, principles of indifference and Carnap and Hintikka’s inductive systems. The work was intended to be accessible to students with, as Lewis put it, ‘hairy high-school algebra’. He described the manuscript to Richard Jeffrey as ‘Mathematically self-contained, with proofs for the major theorems’. Lewis originally envisaged that Carnap’s The Continuum of Inductive Methods (1952) be used as an accompanying text. Lewis focused on Carnap and Hintikka in particular because he believed that their work constituted the attractive core of what competing theories of confirmation had in common.
Particular and General Causal Claims (c.1965–66)
Authors: Lewis David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This is the earliest among Lewis’s posthumously published papers, dating from 1965-66 when Lewis was still a graduate student. Lewis used it as a writing sample during his job search. It contains an early version of Lewis’s counterfactual theory of causation, where Lewis describes what he takes to be the ‘logic’ (in an informal sense) of singular and general causal claims.
Exclusion (1991)
Authors: Lewis David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This short paper, dating from 1991, is a section originally intended for Lewis’s review of Armstrong’s Combinatorial Theory of Possibility. Lewis presents a problem for Armstrong, namely the apparent existence of simple (non-structural) universals which exclude each other, which is difficult to square with Armstrong’s claims that laws and universals do not exclude one another. Lewis suggests that Armstrong might solve the problem by appeal to his totality facts.
Advocacy and Change in International Organizations
Authors: Oksamytna Kseniya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHow do international organizations change? Many organizations expand into new areas or abandon programmes of work. This book argues that they do so not only at the collective direction of member states. Advocacy is a crucial but overlooked source of change in international organizations. Different actors can advocate for change: national diplomats, international bureaucrats, external experts, or civil society activists. They can use one of three advocacy strategies: social pressure, persuasion, and ‘authority talk’. The success of each strategy depends on the presence of favourable conditions related to characteristics of advocates, targets, issues, and context. Institutionalization of new issues in international organizations is a multistage process, often accompanied by contestation. This book demonstrates how the advocacy-focused framework explains the origins of three workstreams of contemporary UN peacekeeping operations: communication, protection, and reconstruction. The issue of strategic communications was promoted by UN officials through the strategy of persuasion. Protection of civilians emerged due to a partially successful social influence campaign by a coalition of elected Security Council members and a subsequent persuasion effort by Canada. Quick impact projects entered peacekeepers’ practice as the result of ‘authority talk’ by an expert panel. The three issues illustrate the diversity of pathways to change in international organizations, representing the top-down, bottom-up, and outside-in pathways. The three issues have achieved different degrees of institutionalization in the UN’s policies, structures, and frameworks: protection of civilians is the most institutionalized, as evidenced by measures to hold peacekeepers accountable for non-implementation, while quick impact projects are the least institutionalized.
Change through Advocacy in International Organizations
Authors: Oksamytna Kseniya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe three advocacy strategies for promoting change in international organizations are social pressure, persuasion, and ‘authority talk’. Advocacy success depends on the presence of strategy-specific favourable conditions related to characteristics of advocates, targets, issues, and context. For example, social pressure needs a public forum—or a credible threat of exposure—to be effective, yet persuasion works best in an insulated and private setting. Social pressure succeeds if a large coalition applies it, while ‘authority talk’ is more effective when the advocate is a single source of information. Social vulnerability makes targets susceptible to social pressure but not ‘authority talk’. Issue salience can be an impediment to ‘authority talk’ but not persuasion. As issues move gradually from emergence to full institutionalization—a process that requires continued campaigning by the original advocates or support from new champions—they become embedded in intergovernmental bodies’ debates and documents, budgets, policy and guidance, training, structures, evaluation metrics, and accountability frameworks. Contestation can either aid or hinder institutionalization. The advocacy-focused framework has advantages over its analytical rivals. It has no preconceptions about the behaviour of member states, international bureaucrats, or experts. It does not assume that new challenges or crises automatically lead to transformations. It maintains that a precedent is not enough to set an organization on a new path. It does not equate the presence of advocates with advocacy success. Instead, it explains how advocacy strategies succeed or fail depending on constellations of strategy-specific conditions.
Strategic Communications
Authors: Oksamytna Kseniya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUN peacekeeping operations run radio stations, print newsletters, produce TV programmes, and maintain social media accounts. By contrast, Cold War missions rarely communicated with the local population. With the deployment of the multidimensional mission to Namibia in the late 1980s, UN officials successfully persuaded key counterparts that peacekeepers should communicate with the people. Three years later, UN information staff overcame opposition to the establishment of a radio station by the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia. In both cases, many factors were favourable for the advocates’ strategy of persuasion. UN officials who supported the innovation were intellectually attractive. The debate was largely internal to the UN bureaucracy, so the setting was private and informal. The targets got exposed to counter-attitudinal information repeatedly and sometimes first hand. The targets were relatively autonomous from member states. The end of the Cold War was a major shift that stimulated analysis of new information. The idea of communications in peacekeeping had multiple interpretations. However, there was a weak cultural match between the norms of diplomatic confidentiality, on the one hand, and the idea of transparency, on the other hand. Institutionalization was slow. References to information in peacekeeping mandates became consistent only in the mid-2000s. The development of informal guidance began in the mid-1990s, yet the formal policy was finalized in 2006. The peacekeeping department got a unit on information the following year. Some member states still contested the idea of peacekeepers’ communications with the population, stressing that the host state was the UN’s primary interlocutor.
Protection of Civilians
Authors: Oksamytna Kseniya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany analyses look at protection of civilians in UN peacekeeping from 1999 onwards. However, the issue has a longer genealogy. There have been four advocacy episodes: an unsuccessful persuasion attempt by the Secretary-General during the 1960s mission in the Congo, incoherent advocacy by proponents of the ‘safe areas’ policy in Bosnia, a partially successful campaign by elected Security Council members during the Rwandan genocide, and successful persuasion by Canada during its 1999–2000 Council term. Focusing on the (partially) successful episodes, a coalition of elected Council members used a threat of shame to extract concessions from the permanent members to adopt a presidential statement critical of the Rwandan government. They faced a mix of advantageous conditions, including advocates’ reputation, post–Cold War unity, credibility of the private threat, and a cultural match, as well as inauspicious circumstances, such as high issue salience and targets’ counter-narratives. In 1999, Canada used persuasion to place protection of civilians on the Council’s agenda. Favourable circumstances included advocates’ skill, targets’ first-hand exposure to civilian suffering, a cultural match, repeated interactions, a crisis of peacekeeping, and a private setting. In 2010, the Secretariat produced a concept of protection of civilians, followed by policy and guidance. Missions nowadays have units or coordination forums on the issue, and the Protection of Civilians Team exists at headquarters. In the late 2010s, protection became a priority in several missions, yet contestation by traditional sceptics, such as Russia, as well as major troop contributors and UN officials, also intensified.