bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amorphous/Crystalline Rh(OH)3/CoP Heterostructure with Hydrophilicity/ Aerophobicity Feature for All‐pH Hydrogen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Xing Minghui , Zhu Shaoke , Zeng Xiaofei , Wang Shitao , Liu Zhiping , Cao Dapeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInterface engineering shows distinct advantages in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to the unique structures that can be realized. The interfaces formed by amorphous materials often exhibit special properties that are beneficial for the HER. Herein, an amorphous/crystalline Rh(OH)3/CoP heterostructure is constructed, which exhibits outstanding HER performance in the all‐pH range. It only needs the overpotentials of 13, 12, and 25 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline, acidic, and neutral media, respectively, which ranks as one of the best HER electrocatalysts reported recently. The outstanding HER activities in the all‐pH range are attributed to the unique amorphous/crystalline heterostructure of Rh(OH)3/CoP, which possesses special hydrophilic/aerophobic features thataccelerate mass transfer, and provide abundant exposed active sites and appropriate defects. Importantly, the performance attenuation mechanism of the catalyst is also revealed, i.e., the formation of Rh aggregations leads to poor contact and efficacy loss of the amorphous/crystalline interface for HER. In short, this work provides a new idea for using amorphous/crystalline heterostructure to design electrocatalysts, not only for the HER, but also for the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions.
ACBD5‐related retinal dystrophy with leukodystrophy due to novel mutations in ACBD5 and with additional features including ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Rudaks Laura Ivete , Triplett James , Morris Katrina , Reddel Stephen , Worgan Lisa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAcyl‐CoA‐binding domain‐containing protein 5‐related retinal dystrophy with leukodystrophy (ACBD5) is a peroxisomal disorder due to deficiency of ACBD5. Presenting features include retinal dystrophy, progressive leukodystrophy, and ataxia. Only seven cases of ACBD5‐related retinal dystrophy have been reported in the literature to date, including one other case diagnosed in adulthood. Here we report a case with novel compound heterozygous ACBD5 mutations, presenting with the common features of rod monochromatism and progressive leukodystrophy with spasticity and ataxia. Additional novel clinical features included head and neck tremor and ovarian insufficiency. The patient's symptoms were present since infancy, but a diagnosis was only reached in adulthood when whole exome sequencing was performed. This case, which reports two novel mutations and additional clinical manifestations, contributes to the emerging phenotype of ACBD5‐related retinal dystrophy with leukodystrophy, and delineation of the natural history and disease progression.
Advanced Lithium Extraction Membranes Derived from Tagged‐Modification of Polyamide Networks
Authors: Peng Huawen , Liu Xufei , Su Yafei , Li Jiapeng , Zhao Qiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEfficient Mg2+/Li+ separation is crucial to combating the lithium shortage worldwide, yet current nanofiltration membranes suffer from low efficacy and/or poor scalability, because desirable properties of membranes are entangled and there is a trade‐off. This work reports a “tagged‐modification” approach to tackle the challenge. A mixture of 3‐bromo‐trimethylpropan‐1‐aminium bromide (E1) and 3‐aminopropyltrimethylazanium (E2) was designed to modify polyethylenimine – trimesoyl chloride (PEI‐TMC) membranes. E1 and E2 reacted with the PEI and TMC, respectively, and thus, the membrane properties (hydrophilicity, pore sizes, charge) were untangled and intensified simultaneously. The permeance (34.3 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) and Mg2+/Li+ selectivity (23.2) of the modified membranes are about 4 times and 2 times higher than the pristine membrane, and they remain stable in a 30‐days test. The permeance is the highest among all analogous nanofiltration membranes. The tagged‐modification method enables the preparation of large‐area membranes and modules that produce high‐purity lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) from simulated brine.
Exploring the morphology of adult tibia and fibula from Sima de los Huesos site in sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain
Authors: Rodríguez Laura , García‐González Rebeca , Arsuaga Juan Luis , Carretero José‐Miguel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe analysis of the locomotor anatomy of Late PleistoceneHomohas largely focused on changes in proximal femur and pelvic morphologies, with much attention centered on the emergence of modern humans. Although much of the focus has been on changes in the proximal femur, some research has also been conducted on tibiae and, to a lesser extent, fibulae. With this in mind, we present one of the largest samples of the same population of human tibiae and fibulae from the Middle Pleistocene to determine their main characteristic traits and establish similarities and differences, primarily with those of Neanderthals and modern humans, but also with other Middle Pleistocene specimens in the fossil record. Through this study, we established that the Middle Pleistocene population from the Sima de los Huesos (Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain) had lower leg long bones similar to those of Neanderthals, although there were some important differences, such as bone length, which this fossil individuals resembled those of modern humans and not to Neanderthals. This fact is related to the crural index and leg length, even though we do not have any true association between femora and tibiae yet, it has implications for establishing locomotor efficiency and climate adaptation.
Synthesis of novel nicotinic acid derivatives of potential antioxidant and anticancer activity
Authors: El‐Dash Yara , Khalil Nadia A. , Ahmed Eman M. , Hassanin Soha O. , Gowifel Ayah M. H. , Hassan Marwa S. A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study comprises the design and synthesis of novel nicotinic acid‐based cytotoxic agents with selective inhibitory efficacy against the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2). Screening of novel compounds for cytotoxicity was assessed against 60 human cancer cell lines. The two most active compounds, 5b and 5c, and the reference drugs sorafenib and doxorubicin were investigated against HCT‐15, PC‐3, and CF‐295 cancer cell lines. Compound 5c exhibited the highest cytotoxic potential compared to doxorubicin against the HCT‐15 and PC‐3 tumor cell lines. Moreover, it exhibited higher cytotoxic potential and selectivity toward the HCT‐15 cell panel compared with sorafenib. Compound 5c demonstrated promising VEGFR‐2 inhibition (concentration needed to inhibit cell viability by 50%, IC50 = 0.068 μM) and superior VEGFR‐2 selectivity over the epidermal growth factor receptor and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐β enzymes. It also reduced the total and phosphorylated VEGFR‐2 and induced apoptosis, as evidenced by a 4.3‐fold rise in caspase‐3 levels. The antioxidant potential of the new compounds was determined via measuring the superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, among which compound 5c exhibited an SOD level almost comparable to ascorbic acid. These results suggested that compound 5c exhibited dual cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Docking of 5c into the VEGFR‐2 pocket showed a similar binding mode to sorafenib. Moreover, the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) profile of 5c outlined drug‐likeness. Finally, The density functional theory calculations displayed an increased binding affinity of 5c to the target enzyme.
Bumetanide oral solution for the treatment of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Results from two randomized phase III studies
Authors: Fuentes Joaquin , Parellada Mara , Georgoula Christina , Oliveira Guiomar , Marret Stéphane , Crutel Véronique , Albarran Cristina , Lambert Estelle , Pénélaud Pierre‐François , Ravel Denis , Ben Ari Yehezkel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe efficacy and safety of bumetanide oral solution for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children and adolescents was evaluated in two international, multi‐center, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase III trials; one enrolled patients aged 7–17 years (SIGN 1 trial) and the other enrolled younger patients aged 2–6 years (SIGN 2). In both studies, patients were randomized to receive bumetanide oral solution twice daily (BID) or placebo BID during a 6‐month double‐blind treatment period. The primary endpoint was change in Childhood Autism Rating Scale 2 (CARS2) total raw score from baseline to Week 26. Key secondary endpoints included changes in Social Responsiveness Scale‐2, Clinical Global Impression Scale, and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale. Each study enrolled 211 patients (bumetanide, n = 107; placebo, n = 104). Both studies were terminated early due to absence of any significant difference between bumetanide and placebo in the overall studied populations. In both studies, CARS2 total raw score decreased from baseline to Week 26 in the bumetanide and placebo groups, with no statistically significant difference between groups. No differences were observed between treatment groups for any of the secondary efficacy endpoints in either study. In both studies, treatment‐emergent adverse events that occurred more frequently with bumetanide than placebo included thirst, polyuria, hypokalemia, and dry mouth. These large phase III trials failed to demonstrate a benefit of bumetanide for the treatment of pediatric ASD compared with placebo. Consequently, the sponsor has discontinued the development of bumetanide for the treatment of this condition.Trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov: SIGN 1: NCT03715166; SIGN 2: NCT03715153.
Polymer properties of softwood organosolv lignins produced in two different reactor systems
Authors: Joseph Prajin , Tanase‐Opedal Mihaela , Moe Størker T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLignin, the second most abundant biopolymer on earth and with a predominantly aromatic structure, has the potential to be a raw material for valuable chemicals and other bio‐based chemicals. In industry, lignin is underutilized by being used mostly as a fuel for producing thermal energy. Valorization of lignin requires knowledge of the structure and different linkages in the isolated lignin, making the study of structure of lignin important. In this article, lignin samples isolated from two types of reactors (autoclave reactor and displacement reactor) were analyzed by FT‐IR, size exclusion chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Py‐GC‐MS. The average molecular mass of the organosolv lignins isolated from the autoclave reactor decreased at higher severities, and FT‐IR showed an increase in free phenolic content with increasing severity. Except for molecular mass and molecular mass dispersity, there were only minor differences between lignins isolated from the autoclave reactor and lignins isolated from the displacement reactor. Carbohydrate analysis, Py‐GC–MS and TGA showed that the lignin isolated using either of the reactor systems is of high purity, suggesting that organosolv lignin is a good candidate for valorization.
Macro‐ and micro‐scale culture environment differentially regulate the effects of crowding on macrophage function
Authors: Hsu Ssu‐Chieh J. , Luu Thuy U. , Smith Tim D. , Liu Wendy F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMacrophages hold vital roles in immune defense, wound healing, and tissue homeostasis, and have the exquisite ability to sense and respond to dynamically changing cues in their microenvironment. Much of our understanding of their behavior has been derived from studies performed using in vitro culture systems, in which the cell environment can be precisely controlled. Recent advances in miniaturized culture platforms also offer the ability to recapitulate some features of the in vivo environment and analyze cellular responses at the single‐cell level. Since macrophages are sensitive to their surrounding environments, the specific conditions in both macro‐ and micro‐scale cultures likely contribute to observed responses. In this study, we investigate how the presence of neighboring cells influence macrophage activation following proinflammatory stimulation in both bulk and micro‐scale culture. We found that in bulk cultures, higher seeding density negatively regulated the average TNF‐α secretion from individual macrophages in response to inflammatory agonists, and this effect was partially caused by the reduced cell‐to‐media volume ratio. In contrast, studies conducted using microwells to isolate single cells and groups of cells revealed that increasing numbers of cells positively influences their inflammatory activation, suggesting that the absolute cell numbers in the system may be important. In addition, a single inflammatory cell enhanced the inflammatory state of a small group of cells. Overall, this work helps to better understand how variations of macroscopic and microscopic culture environments influence studies in macrophage biology and provides insight into how the presence of neighboring cells and the soluble environment influences macrophage activation.
A histological study of the adult ligamentum arteriosum: Novel findings with application to a patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Iwanaga Joe , Chaudhry Humza , Yu Aaron , Matsuo Katsuhisa , Kawai Hotaka , Han Aya , Tabira Yoko , Saga Tsuyoshi , Watanabe Koichi , Loukas Marios , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe ligamentum arteriosum (LA) is the vestigial fibrous remnant of the ductus arteriosus (DA), a fetal vessel arising from the left dorsal segment of the sixth aortic arch that connects the left pulmonary artery to the aortic arch. Incomplete obliteration of the DA results in a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), causing the shunting of oxygen‐rich blood to recirculate to the lungs, which can lead to pulmonary hypertension. The current study aims to further elucidate the structural characteristics of the LA via histological analysis with data gathered from adult cadaveric specimens. The LA was harvested and histologically observed with Hematoxylin and Eosin, van Gieson, and Masson's trichrome staining. Fibrous and muscle tissues were observed in all 25 specimens. The LA was categorized into three types based on the morphological features of the LA. Type I (vessel‐like structure), type II (fibrotic tissue with duct‐like structure), and type III (no duct‐like structure) were found in 4.0%, 80.0%, and 16.0%, respectively. Finally, the remnant of a valve in the LA was also observed at the junction between the AA and LA. We suggest that this valve be called the “pulmonary‐aortic valve.” In the majority of the adult LAs, a duct‐like structure was still present. These data could better elucidate our understanding of the pathology and etiology of a PDA.
Antiedematogenic and Analgesic Activities of Abietic Acid in Mice
Authors: de Lima Silva Maria Gabriely , Santos da Silva Lucas Yure , Torres Pessoa Renata , de Oliveira Maria Rayane Correia , Batista Francisco Lucas Alves , Alcântara Isabel Sousa , Bezerra Martins Anita Oliveira Brito Pereira , Ribeiro‐Filho Jaime , Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo , de Menezes Irwin Rose Alencar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExacerbated inflammatory responses to harmful stimuli can lead to significant pain, edema, and other complications that require pharmacological intervention. Abietic acid (AA) is a diterpene found as a significant constituent in pine species, and evidence has identified its biological potential. The present study aimed to evaluate abietic acid‘s antiedematogenic and anti‐inflammatory activity in mice. Swiss mice (Mus musculus) weighing 20–30 g were treated with AA at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. The central nervous system (CNS) effects were evaluated using open‐field and rotarod assays. The antinociceptive and anti‐inflammatory screening was assessed by the acetic acid and formalin tests. The antiedematogenic activity was investigated by measuring paw edema induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine, arachidonic acid, and prostaglandin, in addition to using a granuloma model. The oral administration of abietic acid (200 mg/Kg) showed no evidence of CNS effects. The compound also exhibited significant antiedematogenic and anti‐inflammatory activities in the carrageenan and dextran models, mostly related to the inhibition of myeloperoxidase (MOP) activity and histamine action and, to a lesser extent, the inhibition of eicosanoid‐dependent pathways. In the granuloma model, abietic acid‘s effect was less expressive than in the acute models investigated in this study. In conclusion, abietic acid has analgesic and antiedematogenic activities related to anti‐inflammatory mechanisms.
CO2 Capture and Direct Air CO2 Capture Followed by Integrated Conversion to Methane Assisted by Metal Hydroxides and a Ru/Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Koch Christopher J. , Suhail Zohaib , Goeppert Alain , Prakash G. K. Surya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRising CO2 levels are leading to an increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas effect. Hydroxide salts have previously been shown to be promising reagents for capturing CO2. Utilizing a 5 %Ru/Al2O3 catalyst, the carbonates obtained through CO2 capture can then be hydrogenated to methane. This conversion occurs at relatively mild temperatures from 200 °C to 250 °C under 40 to 70 bar H2 with yields of up to 100 %. Natural sources of calcium carbonate, like eggshells and seashells, can also be partially converted to methane. The direct air CO2 capture and conversion of CO2 to methane was achieved as well in quantitative yields.
Organic matter and nutrients removal from landfill leachate by airlift aerobic three‐phase fluidized bed reactor
Authors: Pantoja‐Quiroz Amanda Isabel , Burbano‐Moreno José Hugo , Sánchez Ortiz Iván Andrés 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe treatment of leachate from the Antanas Landfill in the municipality of Pasto, Colombia, was evaluated by means of aerobic three‐phase airlift fluidized bed reactors with internal circulation (ATPAFBRWIC) with an external and internal diameter ratio of 2 and an individual effective volume of 53 L. Silica sand was used as a carrier at a concentration of 104 g L−1, and the reactors were operated with hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 1, 2 and 4 h. For a period of 45 days, the following parameters were monitored at the influent and effluent of the reactors: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), total Kjeldahl nitrogen, nitrites and nitrates, where the respective average concentrations recorded in the influent were 4225.9, 7115.2, 14.1, 1664.1, 1591.1, 0.41, and 31.8 mg L−1. The best performance in the removal of organic matter and nutrients was recorded for a 2‐h HRT, with average removal efficiency of 52.9% for BOD and 26.8% for COD, and 52.5, 5.6, and 56.2% for TP, TAN, and nitrates, respectively. The low volumes required for ATPAFBRWIC suggest their potential use as compact leachate treatment units.
A user‐friendly guide to using distance measures to compare time series in ecology
Authors: Dove Shawn , Böhm Monika , Freeman Robin , Jellesmark Sean , Murrell David J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTime series are a critical component of ecological analysis, used to track changes in biotic and abiotic variables. Information can be extracted from the properties of time series for tasks such as classification (e.g., assigning species to individual bird calls); clustering (e.g., clustering similar responses in population dynamics to abrupt changes in the environment or management interventions); prediction (e.g., accuracy of model predictions to original time series data); and anomaly detection (e.g., detecting possible catastrophic events from population time series). These common tasks in ecological research all rely on the notion of (dis‐) similarity, which can be determined using distance measures. A plethora of distance measures have been described, predominantly in the computer and information sciences, but many have not been introduced to ecologists. Furthermore, little is known about how to select appropriate distance measures for time‐series‐related tasks. Therefore, many potential applications remain unexplored. Here, we describe 16 properties of distance measures that are likely to be of importance to a variety of ecological questions involving time series. We then test 42 distance measures for each property and use the results to develop an objective method to select appropriate distance measures for any task and ecological dataset. We demonstrate our selection method by applying it to a set of real‐world data on breeding bird populations in the UK and discuss other potential applications for distance measures, along with associated technical issues common in ecology. Our real‐world population trends exhibit a common challenge for time series comparisons: a high level of stochasticity. We demonstrate two different ways of overcoming this challenge, first by selecting distance measures with properties that make them well suited to comparing noisy time series and second by applying a smoothing algorithm before selecting appropriate distance measures. In both cases, the distance measures chosen through our selection method are not only fit‐for‐purpose but are consistent in their rankings of the population trends. The results of our study should lead to an improved understanding of, and greater scope for, the use of distance measures for comparing ecological time series and help us answer new ecological questions.
The Size Induced Phase Transition in the Rb0.95NbxMo2−xO6.475–0.5x (x=1.31–1.663) Solid Solution with β‐Pyrochlore Structure
Authors: Fukina Diana G. , Koryagin Andrey V. , Boryakov Aleksey V. , Titaev Dmitry N. , Suleimanov Evgeny V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe size induced phase transition for non‐cubic β‐pyrochlore compounds Rb0.95NbxMo2−xO6.475–0.5x (x=1.31–1.663) has been studied in detail. The Rb0.95NbxMo2−xO6.475–0.5x (x=1.31–1.663) powders with different size particles have been prepared and investigated by X‐ray powder diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy with X‐ray microanalysis. The Rb0.95Nb1.5Mo0.5O5.73 and Rb0.95Nb1.375Mo0.625O5.79 powders consisted of ~20 μm crystals possess orthorhombic Pnma symmetry, whereas the same powders with particle size less 1 μm have cubic Fd‐3m and characterized by decreasing Rb content – Rb0.7Nb1.5Mo0.5O5.58 and Rb0.9Nb1.625Mo0.375O5.62. The crystal structure of Rb0.7Nb1.5Mo0.5O5.58 cubic phase refinement has been performed using the Rietveld method; and crystallographic reasons of structure reconstruction have been discussed. The electronic structure and band gap of Rb0.95NbxMo2−xO6.475–0.5x (x=1.31–1.663) compounds have been studied. Moreover the comparison of electronic structure for cubic and orthorhombic phases has been performed.
Calibration in the “real world” of a partially specified stochastic volatility model
Authors: Fatone Lorella , Mariani Francesca , Zirilli Francesco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe study the “real world” calibration of a partially specified stochastic volatility model, where the analytic expressions of the asset price drift rate and of the stochastic variance drift are not specified. The model is calibrated matching the observed asset log returns and the priors assigned by the investor. No option price data are used in the calibration. The priors chosen for the asset price drift rate and for the stochastic variance drift are those suggested by the Heston model. For this reason, the model presented can be considered as an “enhanced” Heston model. The calibration problem is formulated as a stochastic optimal control problem and solved using the dynamic programming principle. The model presented and the Heston model are calibrated using synthetic and Standard & Poor 500 (S&P500) data. The calibrated models are used to produce 6, 12, and 24 months in the future synthetic and S&P500 forecasts.