bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic production of aviation jet biofuels from biomass: a review
Authors: Mansy Ahmed E. , Daniel Samuel , Fonzeu Monguen Cedric Karel , Wang Hao , Osman Ahmed I. , Tian Zhen-Yu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The aviation sector is a major emitter of fossil fuel-derived carbon dioxide contributing to global warming. For instance, jet fuel consumed by the aviation industry is 1.5–1.7 billion barrels per year, resulting in 705 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions. Aircraft manufacturers have set ambitious goals, aiming for carbon-free growth post-2020 and a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. This issue can be solved by replacing fossil fuels with biofuels produced from modern biomass, thus meeting the carbon neutral objective. Here, we review the technologies to convert biomass into jet biofuel with focus on reactants, catalysts, and the chemistry of combustion. Reactants include alcohols, oil, esters, fatty acids, gas and sugars. Catalysts include Fischer–Tropsch catalysts, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, nickel, and molybdenum. The utilization of jet biofuels could potentially reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 80%. We also discuss economic implications.
Hindrances to Tighter Interprofessional Collaboration in Singapore: A Qualitative Study on Primary and Secondary School Counsellors
Authors: Chin Ryan Wei Xiong , Low Poi Kee 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is defined as the process by which professionals from different roles coordinate their efforts to provide a smooth, coherent delivery of services. In this study the current literature on the Singapore context through the perspectives of school counsellors was highlighted. This study aims to enhance understanding of the nature of IPC and identify factors that hinder and facilitate IPC. A qualitative study design was employed, conducting face-to-face and online semi-structured interviews with 10 school counsellors who are working/had worked in mainstream primary and secondary schools in Singapore. Reflective thematic analysis was utilised for data analysis. Three main themes relating to the nature of IPC emerged: (1) School Counsellors Recognised the Essentiality of IPC, (2) Evolving Relationships, and (3) Adapting to Multifaceted and Dynamic Situations. Subthemes related to factors influencing IPC. The three main themes contributed to the overarching theme, Struggles of Engaging in IPC, that school counsellors faced, whereby their strong desire to collaborate was hindered by barriers faced. Implications to research and practise are discussed.
Stochastic event-based probabilistic earthquake risk assessment framework for Uganda: towards informing the National Policy for Disaster preparedness and management
Authors: Oleng Morris , Ozdemir Zuhal , Pilakoutas Kypros 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Catastrophic earthquakes in Uganda have the potential for detrimental consequences on the socio-economic welfare and resilience of communities. Despite considerable efforts in predicting earthquake risk across Africa, a national comprehensive seismic risk study for Uganda does not exist. With increasing population, urbanisation and rapid construction, seismic risk is escalating fast and is compounded by the high vulnerability of buildings and scanty disaster prevention and mitigation strategies. This study uses the probabilistic event-based risk calculator of the OpenQuake-engine to assess potential risks resulting from future earthquakes. Although the building exposure model is largely inferred and projected from the national population and housing census of 2014, total replacement costs are obtained by performing series of interviews with local engineering practitioners. Analytical vulnerability curves are selected from Global Earthquake Model (GEM) database. Seismic hazard studies confirm that western Uganda is exposed to the highest level of seismicity where peak ground accelerations on rock ground can reach up to 0.27 g over a 475-year return period. Relative to Uganda’s gross domestic product, the associated seismic risk estimates indicate mean economic loss ratios of 0.36%, 2.72% and 4.94% over 10, 50 and 100-year return periods respectively; with mean annual economic loss of US$ 74.7 million (0.34% relative to the total replacement value) and annual deaths averaging 71 persons across the whole country. It is envisaged that the findings will inform strategic land use planning patterns, earthquake insurance pricing and foster the continuous improvement of Uganda’s National Policy for Disaster Preparedness and Management.
Gene expression profiling tests to guide adjuvant chemotherapy decisions in lymph node-positive early breast cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Cooper Katy , Nalbant Gamze , Essat Munira , Harnan Sue , Wong Ruth , Hamilton Jean , Asghar Uzma S. , Battisti Nicolò M. L. , Wyld Lynda , Tappenden Paul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To systematically review the effectiveness of gene expression profiling tests to inform adjuvant chemotherapy decisions in people with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), lymph node-positive (LN+) breast cancer.

Methods
This systematic review assessed the effectiveness of Oncotype DX, Prosigna, EndoPredict and MammaPrint for guiding adjuvant chemotherapy decisions in HR+ early breast cancer with 1–3 positive nodes, in terms of prognostic ability, prediction of chemotherapy benefit, impact on chemotherapy decisions, quality of life and anxiety. Searches covered MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases in April 2023.

Results
Fifty-five articles were included. All four tests were prognostic for distant recurrence in LN+ patients. The RxPONDER trial reported no chemotherapy benefit in post-menopausal LN+ patients with low Oncotype DX (RS 0–25), whilst pre-menopausal patients had statistically significant chemotherapy benefit. An RCT reanalysis of Oncotype DX (SWOG-8814) suggested greater chemotherapy benefit with higher RS in post-menopausal LN+ patients. The MINDACT trial reported that LN+ patients with high clinical risk and low MammaPrint risk had a non-statistically significant chemotherapy benefit, but was not designed assess differential chemotherapy benefit per risk group. Decisions to undergo chemotherapy reduced by 12–75% following Oncotype DX testing in LN+ patients in the UK and Europe. No studies in LN+ populations were identified for prediction of chemotherapy benefit by Prosigna or EndoPredict; or for chemotherapy decisions for Prosigna, EndoPredict or MammaPrint; or for anxiety or quality of life impact for any test.

Conclusions
All four tests have prognostic ability in LN+ patients. Evidence on predictive benefit is weaker, with equivocal evidence that Oncotype DX may predict chemotherapy benefit in LN+ post-menopausal patients. Use of Oncotype DX leads to fewer patients being recommended chemotherapy.
Patient-reported outcomes after immediate and delayed DIEP-flap breast reconstruction in the setting of post-mastectomy radiation therapy—results of the multicenter UMBRELLA breast cancer cohort
Authors: Jansen Britt A. M. , Bargon Claudia A. , Bouman Maria A. , van der Molen Dieuwke R. Mink , Postma Emily. L. , van der Leij Femke , Zonnevylle Erik , Ruhe Quinten , Bruekers Sven E. , Maarse Wiesje , Siesling Sabine , Young-Afat Danny A. , Doeksen Annemiek , Verkooijen Helena M. ,   UMBRELLA study group
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Timing of Deep Inferior Epigastric artery Perforator (DIEP)-flap breast reconstruction in the context of post-mastectomy radiotherapy for breast cancer patients is topic of debate. We compared the impact of immediate (before radiotherapy) versus delayed (after radiotherapy) DIEP-flap breast reconstruction (IBR versus DBR) on short- and long-term patient-reported outcomes (PROs).

Methods
Within the prospective, multicenter breast cancer cohort (UMBRELLA), we identified 88 women who underwent immediate or delayed DIEP-flap breast reconstruction and received PMRT. At 6 and 12 months post-mastectomy, as well as on long-term (≥ 12 months post-reconstruction) body image, breast symptoms, physical functioning, and pain were measured by EORTC-QLQ-30/BR23. Additionally, long-term evaluation included satisfaction with breast(s), physical well-being and self-reported adverse effects of radiation as measured by BREAST-Q, and late treatment toxicity. PROs were compared between groups using independent sample T-test.

Results
IBR was performed in 56 patients (64%) and DBR in 32 patients (36%), with 15 months of median time to reconstruction. At 6 and 12 months post-mastectomy, better body image and physical functioning were observed after IBR. No statistically nor clinically relevant differences were observed in long-term EORTC and BREAST-Q outcomes (median follow-up 37–41 months for IBR vs. 42–46 months for DBR). Patients with IBR reported more fibrosis and movement restriction (median follow-up 29 vs. 61 months, resp.).

Conclusion
Long-term PROs were comparable for patients with IBR and DBR, despite more patient-reported fibrosis and movement restriction after IBR. Therefore, both treatment pathways can be considered when opting for autologous breast reconstruction in the setting of PMRT.
Determinants of first-line clinical trial enrollment among Black and White
gynecologic cancer patients
Authors: Carey Autumn B. , Meade Caitlin E. , Trabert Britton , Cosgrove Casey M. , Felix Ashley S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Disparities in gynecologic cancer clinical trial enrollment exist between Black and White patients; however, few examine racial differences in clinical trial enrollment predictors. We examined whether first-line clinical trial enrollment determinants differed between Black and White gynecologic cancer patients.

Methods
We used the National Cancer Database to identify Black and White gynecologic cancer (cervix, ovarian, uterine) patients diagnosed in 2014–2020. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between clinical trial enrollment (yes vs no) and sociodemographic, facility, tumor, and treatment characteristics stratified by race. We included a multiplicative interaction term between each assessed predictor and race to test whether associations differed by race.

Results
We included 703,022 gynecologic cancer patients (mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 60.9 [13.1] years). Clinical trial enrollment was lower among Black (49/86,058, 0.06%) vs. White patients (710/616,964, 0.11%). Only cancer site differed by race: among Black patients, a cervical vs. uterine cancer diagnosis (OR = 4.63, 95% CI = 1.67–12.88) was associated with higher clinical trial enrollment odds, while among White patients, both cervical (OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.48–3.29) and ovarian (OR = 3.40, 95% CI = 2.58–4.47) cancer diagnoses (vs. uterine cancer) were associated with higher enrollment odds. Most predictors were associated with clinical trial enrollment odds among White but not Black patients.

Conclusion
Few differences in first-line clinical trial enrollment predictors exist between Black and White gynecologic cancer patients. Although small numbers of Black patients and low clinical trial prevalence are limitations, this descriptive analysis is important in understanding racially disparate clinical trial enrollment.
Cryo-social dynamics: the interplay of glacial dynamics and socioeconomic conditions in the Shigar Valley, Karakoram, Pakistan
Authors: Haq Fazlul , Shutkin Tal , Afreen Munazza , Mark Bryan G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mountain communities globally are experiencing increasing challenges as climate-induced glacier changes disrupt water resources and agricultural systems. The Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalayan region of Pakistan has been witnessing environmental changes over the last few decades with widespread impacts on different sectors of life. In the Shigar Valley of the Karakoram region, communities face socio-economic challenges partly attributed to changes in glacier dynamics, which directly affect water availability and agricultural productivity. This study investigates the impacts of glacial changes on community livelihoods by integrating glacier modeling with a comprehensive socioeconomic survey. Glaciological change was analyzed from 1970 to 2020 using the Open Global Glacier Model, with projections under SSP-126, SSP-370, and SSP-585 scenarios for 2020–2100. Glacier mass balance simulations driven by historical climatological data from 1970 to 2020 reveal an overall negative trend, despite shorter periods of glacier growth driven by regional hydroclimatic anomalies. Future projections indicate glacier volume could decline by over 60% under SSP-585 by 2100, compared to approximately 30% under SSP-126. A questionnaire survey was conducted across 20 villages, engaging 375 respondents to understand the extent of dependence on glacier-fed resources, migration dynamics, and adaptive strategies to socioenvironmental conditions. The findings reveal that while 42% of respondents reported high dependence on glacier-fed and snow melt, 46% are facing challenges due to irregular water supplies. These challenges have been affecting the socio-economic fabric of the community as 71% of respondents reported that migrations were driven by declining local productivity, with 66% of migration destinations being international. The communities are aware of the challenges, and they have been adopting various strategies to cope with it. These include rainfed farming (32%), adoption of drought-resistant crops (19%), and expansion into proglacial (recently deglaciated areas and areas closer to glaciers’ termini) lands (52%).
Prediction of the Risk of Adverse Clinical Outcomes with Machine Learning Techniques in Patients with Noncommunicable Diseases
Authors: Hernández-Arango Alejandro , Arias María Isabel , Pérez Viviana , Chavarría Luis Daniel , Jaimes Fabian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Decision-making in chronic diseases guided by clinical decision support systems that use models including multiple variables based on artificial intelligence requires scientific validation in different populations to optimize the use of limited human, financial, and clinical resources in healthcare systems worldwide. This cohort study evaluated three machine learning algorithms—XGBoost, Elastic Net logistic regression, and an Artificial Neural Network—to develop a prediction model for three outcomes: mortality, hospitalization, and emergency department visits. The objective was to build a clinical decision support system for patients with noncommunicable diseases treated at the Alma Mater Hospital complex in Medellín, Colombia. We collected 4845 electronic medical record entries from 5000 patients included in the study. The median age was 71.83 years, with 63.8% women and 29.7% receiving home care. The most prevalent medical conditions were diabetes (52.9%), hypertension (67.2%), dyslipidemia (57.3%), and COPD (19.4%). For mortality prediction, the Elastic Net logistic regression model achieved an AUCROC of 0.883 (95% CI: 0.848–0.917), the XGBoost model reached an AUCROC of 0.896 (95% CI: 0.865–0.927), and the Neural Network achieved 0.886 (95% CI: 0.853–0.916). For hospitalization, the Elastic Net model had an AUCROC of 0.952 (95% CI: 0.937–0.965), the XGBoost model achieved 0.963 (95% CI: 0.952–0.974), and the Neural Network scored 0.932 (95% CI: 0.915–0.948). For emergency department visits, the AUCROC values were 0.980 (95% CI: 0.971–0.987) for Elastic Net, 0.977 (95% CI: 0.967–0.986) for XGBoost, and 0.976 (95% CI: 0.968–0.982) for the neural network. A dashboard was developed to interact with an ensemble risk categorization segmenting patient risk in the cohort to aid in clinical decision-making. A clinical decision support system based on artificial intelligence using electronic medical records possibly can help segmenting the risk in populations with Noncommunicable Diseases for effective decision-making.
Possible detection of the onset of flash flooding in Thessaly Greece by measurements of the Earth’s surface electric field
Authors: Skordas Efthimios S. , Sarlis Nicholas V. , Varotsos Panayiotis A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Since the beginning of 1980s a telemetric network comprising 18 stations in Greece started to measure remotely the transient electric field changes at the Earth’s surface. This article investigates the observed variations of Earth’s electric field on 5 September 2023 when the flash flood event occurred at Thessaly Greece as result of storm Daniel. The analyses show that, during the runoffs, the geoelectric field changes abruptly. Such observations could possibly be used as a criterion to estimate the flash flood onset. Upon employing detrended fluctuation analysis at various time scales, we identify three stages corresponding to light (or no) rain, heavy rain, and flood. The distinctive behaviour during the first two stages of the phenomenon under investigation may be used as an early warning. We also show that all stages are governed by fractality.
Combined effect of wind and sea excitations on the internal resonance response of floating offshore wind turbines
Authors: Settimi Valeria , Lenci Stefano , Rega Giuseppe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The sea excitation is added into a reduced nonlinear model of floating offshore wind turbine, in order to assess its effect on the system dynamics. To this aim, the sea wave motion is modelled as heave displacement of the turbine tower, which results in a parametric excitation to the along-wind displacement. The occurrence of the 1:1 internal resonance between along-wind and cross-wind oscillations is investigated by means of an asymptotic approach based on the multiple scale method. It is shown that the coupled solutions arising as a result of the wind forcing undergo a significant modification in terms of stability and quality of the response precisely because of the additional presence of the excitation due to the sea waves. A behavior chart is obtained to describe the model response as a function of the forcing parameters. The analytical results are verified by comparison with numerical simulations in terms of bifurcation diagrams and reconstructed solutions.
Nanoparticle innovations: impact of biogenic CaP nanoparticles in mitigating the adverse effects of excessive nitrate application
Authors: El-Esawy Mai A. , Elkhateeb Eman A. , Hassan Amira M. , Elsherif Doaa E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims
The overuse nitrogen fertilizer has resulted in significant environmental pollution and may also affect the ability of plants to withstand stress and productivity. The goal of this study was to create a nanofertilizer that may improve the resistance of lupine (Lupinus termis L) nitrate stress while simultaneously releasing a micronutrient that supports plant growth.

Methods
Calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP-NPs) were created via Jania rubens extract and sprayed on lupine plants as a foliar spray at various dosages (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L) to mitigate the harmful effects of high nitrate stress (200 mM nitrate) on the seedling stage of lupine plants.

Results
The biogensis CaP-NPs were characterised to have a spherical form with a size of 29 ± 3.2 nm. The findings demonstrated that, in contrast to the control, nitrate stress negatively affected the growth metrics of lupines; however, foliar spraying with CaP-NPs increased these parameters during nitrate stress. Moreover, treatment with CaP-NPs greatly reduced the increased levels of indicators of oxidative stress (MDA, H2O2, proline, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3
−−N), and ammonium-nitrogen (NH4
+-N)). Additionally, the administration of CaP-NPs under conditions of elevated nitrate stress induced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine (PAL)) as well as non-enzymatic markers such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, ascorbic acid, and glutathione. The administration of CaP-NPs resulted in an increase in the expression of antioxidant genes, including ferritin (FER1), phenylalanine (PAL), catalase2 (CAT2), superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1), chalcone synthase (CHS), and flavonol synthase (FLS). The highest level of upregulation was observed at 100 mg/L CaP-NPs.

Conclusion
Foliar CaP-NPs nanofertilizer application in agriculture may increase yield while reducing the harmful effects of nitrate stress on plants. Thus, our work provides a solid basis for further investigations aimed at assessing the substitution of CaP nanofertilizers for traditional Ca2+ or P fertilizers to mitigate the deleterious effects of nitrate stress and improve lupine output.
Li-Yau Inequality and Related Properties on Metric Star Graphs
Authors: Camilli Fabio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We prove a Li-Yau gradient estimate for positive solutions to the heat equation defined on a metric star graph

$$\mathcal {G}$$

G

given by the heat kernel formula. As consequence, we derive a Harnack estimate and a Liouville property for bounded harmonic functions. The argument exploits an explicit representation formula for the heat kernel on

$$\mathcal {G}$$

G

.
The oversight of implicature and implicational injustice in doctor-patient communication
Authors: Sakakibara Eisuke 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The concept of epistemic injustice provides a theoretical framework for considering the ethical issues arising in interpersonal communication. This article proposes the concept of implicational injustice as a novel type of epistemic injustice. An implicature is a message that a speaker does not explicitly state, but that is implicitly communicated by an utterance. Since the speaker does not explicitly state the implicature, it may be overlooked by the hearer. This oversight of implicature is likely to occur when the hearer prematurely terminates the search for relevance or when there is informational inequality between speaker and hearer. If premature termination or information inequality is caused by the hearer’s prejudice against the speaker or by the undue ignorance of the speaker, the oversight of implicature is deemed an implicational injustice. This article offers several examples of the oversight of implicature and implicational injustice in doctor-patient communication in which patients’ attempts to convey psychosocial messages to their physicians are often overlooked. Implicational injustice can be considered as a novel subtype of epistemic injustice that differs from other subtypes, such as silencing, testimonial injustice, and interpretative injustice. Implicational injustice prevents the sufferer’s full participation in epistemic collaboration and can inflict secondary harm, such as negative effects on clinical decision making.