bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le cas Ambrosio de Silva ou les investissements « hasardeux » d'un mulâtre à Zacatecas au milieu du XVIII e siècle
Authors: Croguennec Soizic 
Published: December 2023

Étudier les plèbes urbaines est une tâche ardue : en raison de leur grand silence dans les sources, il est bien difficile de les identifier et encore plus de dépasser le stade de la simple mention ponctuelle et unique. En ce sens, le cas du mulâtre Ambrosio de Silva est particulièrement intéressant. Non seulement il apparaît à plusieurs reprises dans des sources judiciaires et notariales au milieu du xviii e siècle mais les traces qu’il laisse permettent également de suivre pas à pas les investissements parfois hasardeux mais toujours audacieux d’un homme par essence exclu du jeu de l’économie des mines mais qui entend bien profiter d’un contexte difficile pour faire sien le rêve minier. À travers cet exemple fort bien documenté, ce sont les opportunités individuelles offertes aux plèbes urbaines par les conditions propres à la région de Zacatecas dans la première moitié du xviii e siècle qu’il est possible d’aborder. Le contexte de crise permet paradoxalement à certains aventuriers de rêver, même si bien souvent ce rêve aboutit à un échec.
‪Francisco Craywinkel, plagiario de Richard Cantillon (1760-1763)‪
Authors: Astigarraga Jesús , Zabalza Juan 
Published: December 2023

Pendant la deuxième moitié du xviii e siècle, l’Espagne a été témoin de l’émergence graduelle de l’économie politique. Des recherches récentes montrent l’importance de l’économie politique française dans ce phénomène. Celle-ci fut non seulement essentielle pour les auteurs les plus réputés au sein des philosophes éclairés espagnols, mais joua aussi un rôle d’intermédiaire dans l’arrivée en Espagne de textes dont l’origine n’était pas française. Ce fut le cas de l’ Essai sur la nature du commerce en général de Richard Cantillon. Ce traité est considéré comme l’un des chefs-d’œuvre économiques du xviii e siècle européen. Malgré cela, nous savons peu de choses sur sa circulation au niveau international, après sa publication en 1755 en France à initiative de Vincent de Gournay. Dans ce travail, nous étudions l’arrivée de ce texte en Espagne en 1760-1763, de la main de Francisco Craywinkel. Celui-ci fut très probablement le premier auteur à utiliser des idées de ce dernier dans ce pays. L’objectif principal de ses écrits était de persuader les élites politiques des premières années du règne de Charles III de l’opportunité d’entreprendre des réformes substantielles dans le domaine du commerce des grains et du système colonial.
Interférences entre phénomènes démographiques
Authors: Courgeau Daniel 
Published: December 2023

Résumé Interférences entre phénomènes démographiques Daniel Courgeau L'interférence entre phénomènes démographiques, déjà analysée dans certains cas particuliers, est envisagée ici dans le cas plus général de deux événements renouvelables. On part des nombres annuels d'événements de chaque type et rang, classés par nombre antérieur d'événements de l'autre catégorie, ainsi que des populations initiales décomposées selon les nombres d'événements des deux types antérieurement connus. La formulation proposée vise à estimer les probabilités de type suivant : probabilité Ujj pour un individu qui a connu antérieurement (i — 1) événements U d'en connaître un ieme entre les âges x et (x + 1), sachant qu'il a connu antérieurement j événements V. On fait donc l'hypothèse que le comportement d'un individu est lié au nombre d'événements antérieurs qu'il a connus, mais est indépendant de la répartition, au cours du temps passé, de ces divers événements. Une autre hypothèse est encore nécessaire sur la répartition au cours du temps des événements : si seul joue le risque de connaître un ième événement U entre x et (x + 1), sachant que l'individu a connu j événements V, alors les événements considérés se répartissent de façon uniforme sur l'intervalle (x , x + 1). Sous ces conditions la résolution des deux systèmes d'équations (I) et (II) permettrait l'estimation des probabilités ??{? Cette formulation est en général simplifiée : ou bien on ne considère que des événements non renouvelables ou des événements renouvelables mais d'un rang donné (premiers événements en particulier), ou bien lorsqu'un des événements est renouvelable (V), l'autre pouvant l'être ou ne pas l'être, on ne distingue pas pour Vies divers états correspondant aux événements de divers rangs. Dans le premier cas, les formules (III) à (VI) donnent une valeur approchée des probabilités de type u; : ; dans le' second cas la formule (VII) donne une estimation du nombre moyen d'événements V qui surviendraient à un individu quia connu i événements U. Ces formules sont appliquées aux divers phénomènes démographiques et permettent de distinguer trois grands types d 'interférence. a)	L'un des phénomènes empêche l'autre de se produire. C'est le cas de la mortalité pour les autres phénomènes démographiques. b)	L'un des phénomènes permet à l'autre de se produire. C'est le cas de la nuptialité pour la fécondité légitime, des naissances ou des migrations de rang n pour les naissances ou les migrations de rang (n + 1). c)	Aucun des deux phénomènes ne permet ni n'empêche l'autre de se produire. C'est le cas des migrations pour la nuptialité ou la fécondité. Cette étude pourrait être prolongée à l'analyse de l'interférence entre plus de deux phénomènes démographiques. Il serait également nécessaire de faire intervenir les âges auxquels les événements antérieurs sont arrivés, et utile d'étendre cette étude aux populations d'effectif limité.
Sur l'estimation de la stérilité
Authors: Leridon Henri 
Published: December 2023

Résumé Sur l'estimation de la stérilité Henri LERIDON Diverses méthodes d'estimation de la stérilité, et leurs résultats numériques, sont revues et analysées ici. On suppose que "l'état stérile" advient à un certain moment de la vie d'un couple, et demeure ensuite permanent ; qu'il n'y a pas de sélection, au regard du risque d'acquisition de la stérilité, par le mariage ou le décès ; et enfin, que le risque d'acquisition se décompose en deux : -	un pur effet d'âge ; —	un risque additionnel lié à la maternité. Le premier risque est traditionnellement estimé à partir de la proposition des couples, nouvellement mariés à l'âge x, restant sans enfant (a (x)). On en déduit la proportion S (x) des couples stériles à l'âge x du seul fait de l'âge (formule III). Le second risque peut être estimé à partir des probabilités d'agrandissement des divers ordres, a^x), si l'on connaît déjà les proportions S (x) : le risque R,(jc) de devenir stérile à l'occasion de la i*me naissance à l'âge x peut se calculer au moyen de la formule IV. La proportion ST(jc) de couples mariés stériles à un âge donné, quelle que soit l'origine de la stérilité, peut être estimée directement en comparant le taux de fécondité entre x et x + a de l'ensemble des femmes (afx) à celui des seules femmes ultérieurement fécondes ( f ) : cf. Formule V. Ces formules font apparaître des délais divers (fi , m , k) dont nous avons calculé des valeurs numériques. Pour cela, il nous fallait définir l'évolution avec l'âge de la fécondabilité, de la mortalité intra-utérine, et de la durée de stérilité post-partum. Ces données figurent dans le tableau 1 (quatre hypothèses pour la fécondabilité, une pour la mortalité intra-utérine, trois pour la stérilité post-partum). Il en résulte (tableau 2) les valeurs de ?(?) —délai moyen de conception, pour un enfant à naître vivant—, m(x)— délai moyen entre une naissance vivante et la conception suivant d'un enfant à naître vivant—, et k(x) —intervalle "ouvert" entre un âge donné et la naissance précédente. A l'aide de ces données numériques, nous avons alors recalculé des estimations de la stérilité selon l'âge dans diverses populations déjà étudiées par Vincent ou Henry (tableau 3). En ce qui concerne la stérilité des nouveaux mariés, cela ne fait que confirmer les séries antérieures. Par contre, les proportions de couples stériles selon l'âge (toutes causes) sont supérieures -à âge égal— aux estimations antérieures, qui surestimaient, à notre avis, l'âge auquel il fallait appliquer les valeurs obtenues par la méthode des taux de fécondité des femmes ultérieurement fécondes. Les données utilisées pour ces calculs figurent dans le tableau 4. Enfin, le tableau 5 donne des estimations du risque R(x) d'acquisition de la stérilité à l'occasion d'une maternité.
Egr2 Deletion in Autoimmune-Prone C57BL6/lpr Mice Suppresses the Expression of Methylation-Sensitive Dlk1-Dio3 Cluster MicroRNAs
Authors: Wang Zhuang , Heid Bettina , He Jianlin , Xie Hehuang , Reilly Christopher M , Dai Rujuan , Ahmed S Ansar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the upregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) at the genomic imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 locus in murine lupus is correlated with global DNA hypomethylation. We now report that the Dlk1-Dio3 genomic region in CD4+ T cells of MRL/lpr mice is hypomethylated, linking it to increased Dlk1-Dio3 miRNA expression. We evaluated the gene expression of methylating enzymes, DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and demethylating ten-eleven translocation proteins (TETs) to elucidate the molecular basis of DNA hypomethylation in lupus CD4+ T cells. There was a significantly elevated expression of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3b, as well as Tet1 and Tet2, in CD4+ T cells of three different lupus-prone mouse strains compared to controls. These findings suggest that the hypomethylation of murine lupus CD4+ T cells is likely attributed to a TET-mediated active demethylation pathway. Moreover, we found that deletion of early growth response 2 (Egr2), a transcription factor gene in B6/lpr mice markedly reduced maternally expressed miRNA genes but not paternally expressed protein-coding genes at the Dlk1-Dio3 locus in CD4+ T cells. EGR2 has been shown to induce DNA demethylation by recruiting TETs. Surprisingly, we found that deleting Egr2 in B6/lpr mice induced more hypomethylated differentially methylated regions at either the whole-genome level or the Dlk1-Dio3 locus in CD4+ T cells. Although the role of methylation in EGR2-mediated regulation of Dlk1-Dio3 miRNAs is not readily apparent, these are the first data to show that in lupus, Egr2 regulates Dlk1-Dio3 miRNAs, which target major signaling pathways in autoimmunity. These data provide a new perspective on the role of upregulated EGR2 in lupus pathogenesis.
Evaluation of parasitemia by qPCR in patients with chronic Chagas disease treated with benznidazole
Authors: Pavan Tycha Bianca Sabaini , Almeida Eros Antônio de , Lima Rodrigo Gonçalves de , Wanderley Jamiro da Silva , Martins Luiz Cláudio , Costa Sandra Cecília Botelho , Marcon Gláucia Elisete Barbosa 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
To evaluate parasitemia by qPCR in patients undergoing etiological treatment and followed in a Brazilian reference center.

Methods:
Parasite load was quantified by qPCR in 32 participants with chronic Chagas disease who were treated with benznidazole. Serological analyses were performed before and after the treatment and parasite loads were compared prior and 12/18 months post the treatment.

Results:
Thirty-two participants were recruited and treated with benznidazole, and 20 were followed-up. Adverse events (AE) were observed in 22 out of 29 participants that had safety data (76%), and dermatological alterations were the most frequently observed AE. Of the 20 participants analyzed, 13 and 7 completed 12 and 18 months follow-up after the treatment, respectively. 12 Months after the final treatment, Trypanosoma cruzi was detectable in 3 patients by qPCR; 18 months after the final treatment, Trypanosoma cruzi was detectable per qPCR in 4 of the 7 participants. Thus, between 12 and 18 months, 7 participants of the 20 initial follow-up cases showed positive qPCR, indicating treatment failures.

Conclusions:
qPCR can be used as an alternative method for evaluating the effectiveness of the etiological treatment of CD, and can be applied to analyze early therapeutic failures. The study showed that benznidazole therapy had limited effectiveness in treating chronic CD patients, thus emphasizing the importance of conducting continued research for developing more effective therapies and diagnosis for CD.
Does the medical accident prevention and dispute resolution act respond to physicians’ fear? Examining the nature of fear of medical malpractice disputes among hospital-employed physicians in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Yi-Lun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Although medical malpractice and the problems associated with it remain an important concern in the medical community, only a few studies have investigated the nature of the fear of medical malpractice disputes of physicians.

Objectives:
The aim of this study is to investigate the nature of hospital-employed physicians’ fear of medical malpractice disputes in Taiwan.

Methods:
In-depth interviews were conducted to analyze the physicians’ personal experiences and observations of medical malpractice disputes. Thirty hospital-employed physicians varying in age, subspecialties, gender, institution, length of time in practice, and affiliation participated in this study.

Results:
The physicians’ fear of medical malpractice disputes could be classified into two major categories, namely, perceived negative consequences and perceived risk factors. The perceived negative consequences are (1) litigation, (2) adversarial confrontation, (3) reputation damage, and (4) psychological stress. Contrarily, the perceived risk factors are (1) medical uncertainty, (2) work overload, (3) influence of the National Health Insurance (NHI), and (4) weakened physician–patient relationship.

Conclusion:
Physicians’ fear of medical malpractice disputes is about not just litigation but also other aspects. As tort reforms are not sufficient, other strategies, such as adequate protection and psychological support of physicians, are needed if a medical malpractice dispute has taken place to reduce the physicians’ fear. Moreover, physicians’ workloads and quality of medical care delivered should be ensured under the Budget Planning of NHI, as well as restoring a collaborative physician–patient relationship.
Butamirate citrate associated methemoglobinemia
Authors: Kao Chung-Chih , Hu Shu-Wei , Fan Hueng-Chuen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Methemoglobinemia is a potentially life-threatening disease resulting from high blood levels of methemoglobin resulting in failure of binding and delivery of oxygen to tissues. The most common causes of methemoglobinemia are oxidizing toxins, such as butamirate citrate, which is a commonly used liquid antitussive, especially in pediatric patients. Herein, we present the case of a 3-year-old girl who accidentally ingested excessive amounts of butamirate citrate. She presented with mild lip cyanosis with high methemoglobin levels (6.5%) and normal oxygen saturation (98%), and was managed by prompt gut decontamination with activated charcoal, followed by monitoring and intravenous glucose administration. Therefore, methemoglobinemia should be considered a differential diagnosis in a patient presenting with cyanosis without any underlying lung or heart disease.
Minimally Invasive Approaches for Cholecystectomy
Authors: Shinde Pranil S. , Gharde Pankaj , Shukla Rushikesh , Sabnis Janhavi , Morey Kanchan H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Surgical removal of the gallbladder is cholecystectomy. In Western countries, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is widely used procedure. Single-incision LC (SILC), mini LC (MLC) these surgeries developed by doctors, also natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery to lessen the invasiveness of the treatment. The goal of this study was to see how effective these novel less invasive techniques for LC are in treating gallstone disease. The current literature is inadequate for a proper management of new LC procedures. None of these methods have shown to be superior to traditional LC. SILC is now not recommended since it is linked to the predominance of bile duct damage also incisional hernia. Even though hybrid transvaginal cholecystectomy is becoming more popular in objective practice, cholecystectomies are still experimental. As a result of the fact that it is standardized, because MLC is standardized and nearly identical to traditional laparoscopic surgery, it may provide limited benefits without increasing postoperative problems, making it suitable for routine elective cholecystectomy. The technological issues could be addressed by modifying new surgical equipment that needs to grow with the nuances of SILC and cholecystectomy. Regardless of where these treatments may be used in the upcoming days, robotization may be required to make them the standard of care.
Association between Serum Gamma-glutamyl Transferase and Metabolic Syndrome: A Case–control Study
Authors: Shelar Akshay , Humaney Nalini , Chhajed Akshay , Domki Krunal , Narwade Ajay 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
When gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) enzyme levels are measured using a GGT assay, a high result is indicative of liver disease and bile duct damage. The relation of GGT with metabolic syndrome (MetS) was specifically examined through the present study, where MetS comprises a group of metabolic illnesses, such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which can cause cardiovascular morbidity and death. Consequently, a better prognosis would arise from the use of the GGT test for MetS patients.

Materials and Methods:
For this study, around 166 participants were enrolled equally in the two groups denoted as case and control groups. This study was performed by the inclusion of participants with and without MetS. All the laboratory tests were undertaken after approval from the Ethical Committee, and data were analyzed by the application of statistics.

Results:
According to statistics, most patients in the present study had a mean age of 40–60 years. According to the body mass index, while 51 people in the control group were within the normal range, 32 were determined to be obese. Compared to controls who had no comorbidities, the majority of patients had comorbidities. Statistically significant (P = 0.001) levels of serum GGT enzyme of over 40 U/L were found in 45 cases.

Conclusion:
There is an interdependence between the GGT levels and MetS as was drawn from the findings of this study. Making this test readily available will educate doctors about prescribing these tests at an early stage to morbid people and improving their lives with better outcomes, which will lower the likelihood of future health concerns.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Diagnosing a New Coronavirus Infection during the Period of Seasonal Incidence Using the “Hypercube” Mathematical Model
Authors: Avakyan Natalya Alexandrovna , Gusyakova Oksana Anatolyevna , Medvedeva Anastasiya Sergeevna , Izmalkov Nicolay Sergeevich , Ereshchenko Alena Anatolyevna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
With the emergence of new strains of coronavirus and the easing of previously imposed anti-COVID restrictions, it is important to respond quickly and ensure sufficient coverage of laboratory tests for people who come into contact with patients with coronavirus infection. Diagnostics by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) remain the most common and accessible method of laboratory confirmation of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. The method has a huge number of positive aspects, but it is time-consuming. During an epidemiological outbreak, the speed at which a diagnosis is made is often crucial. In addition, the task of reducing material costs for reagents and consumables used in the analysis by PCR method is also relevant.

Objective:
The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of the hypercube mathematical model application for diagnosing a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 by the PCR method.

Materials and Methods:
In the course of the work, 108 respiratory swabs were examined using the reverse transcription-PCR method; the swabs were tested by the classical method and using the hypercube mathematical algorithm.

Results:
By applying the group mixing method using the ’Hypercube’ mathematical model, when performing molecular genetic analyzes, we were convinced that it is inexpedient to use sample pooling during the seasonal peak incidence of coronavirus infection. Applying the method, the cost of reagents, consumables, and time increases by at least 1.5–2 times since all our studies required conducting additional clarifying tests. At the same time, our results show that the hypercube pooling technique does not affect the analytical sensitivity.

Conclusion:
The use of the Hypercube mathematical algorithm for SARS-CoV-2 virus testing during an increase in seasonal incidence is a mostly unpromising strategy since it increases the time of PCR analysis and the cost of reagents and consumables, as well as slows down the validation of the result.
Assessment of Correlation between Parents’ Well-Being and the Fear of COVID-19 they Have for their Child: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Agarwal Ishita , Juneja Akanksha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective:
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between parents’ well-being and their level of fear regarding their child’s susceptibility to COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
The study recruited 30 parents with children aged 0–12 years to participate in an offline survey. Parents’ fear and well-being levels were assessed as they were responsible for their children’s health and well-being during the pandemic. Fear and well-being levels were evaluated, highlighting the need for psychological support for parents and children to better manage COVID-19-related fear.

Results:
The findings suggest a significant association between parents’ well-being and their level of fear regarding their child’s susceptibility to COVID-19. Parents experienced high levels of stress and anxiety during these uncertain times, making psychological support crucial for both parents and children.

Conclusion:
This study highlights the need for psychological health support for parents and children to help them cope with the fear of COVID-19. This support can facilitate better management of the pandemic-related stress and anxiety experienced by parents, ultimately improving their overall well-being.