bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison study on measurement of rail weld joint between inertial reference method and multi-point chord reference method
Authors: Shi Yifan , Wang Yuan , Liu Xiaozhou , Wang Ping 
Published: January 2024

PurposeStraightness measurement of rail weld joint is of essential importance to railway maintenance. Due to the lack of efficient measurement equipment, there has been limited in-depth research on rail weld joint with a 5-m wavelength range, leaving a significant knowledge gap in this field.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the authors used the well-established inertial reference method (IR-method), and the state-of-the-art multi-point chord reference method (MCR-method). Two methods have been applied in different types of rail straightness measurement trollies, respectively. These instruments were tested in a high-speed rail section within a certain region of China. The test results were ultimately validated through using traditional straightedge and feeler gauge methods as reference data to evaluate the rail weld joint straightness within the 5-m wavelength range.FindingsThe research reveals that IR-method and MCR-method produce reasonably similar measurement results for wavelengths below 1 m. However, MCR-method outperforms IR-method in terms of accuracy for wavelengths exceeding 3 m. Furthermore, it was observed that IR-method, while operating at a slower speed, carries the risk of derailing and is incapable of detecting rail weld joints and low joints within the track.Originality/valueThe research compare two methods’ measurement effects in a longer wavelength range and demonstrate the superiority of MCR-method.
Tech-driven transformation: management of culturally diverse and physically dispersed tech teams
Authors: Pogosyan Armine 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
This paper delves into the complexities of daily dispersed tech team dynamics and aims to understand the underlying reasons for the challenges that such teams face. Through personal observations and analysis, this paper aims to identify communication barriers and propose actionable insights and strategies for improvement.

Design/methodology/approach
By leveraging personal insights and observations from the IT HR field from three different countries, information and data was collected. Such personalized approach allowed for a deeper exploration of real-world scenarios, how physically dispersed teams work and what challenges they struggle with. A comprehensive examination of the issues faced by tech teams operating globally also allowed to observe the noteworthy outcomes that could bring the best benefit for such teams.

Findings
As geographically dispersed tech teams continue to gain popularity, understanding the challenges that the teams might face and the potential ways of solving them become As HR as well as team managers roles now evolve, flexibility becomes paramount for navigating global team dynamics.

Originality/value
This paper is a contemporary call for action to stimulate management, enlightening them on the requisites for establishing and cultivating high-performing teams that work across geographical boundaries. There is a lack of understanding of what challenges physically dispersed teams face and to what degree those challenges impact the teams. This paper addresses this deficiency.
Aedes aegypti gut transcriptomes respond differently to microbiome transplants from field‐caught or laboratory‐reared mosquitoes
Authors: Hegde Shivanand , Brettell Laura E. , Quek Shannon , Etebari Kayvan , Saldaña Miguel A. , Asgari Sassan , Coon Kerri L. , Heinz Eva , Hughes Grant L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe mosquito microbiome is critical for host development and plays a major role in many aspects of mosquito biology. While the microbiome is commonly dominated by a small number of genera, there is considerable variation in composition among mosquito species, life stages, and geography. How the host controls and is affected by this variation is unclear. Using microbiome transplant experiments, we asked whether there were differences in transcriptional responses when mosquitoes of different species were used as microbiome donors. We used microbiomes from four different donor species spanning the phylogenetic breadth of the Culicidae, collected either from the laboratory or the field. We found that when recipients received a microbiome from a donor reared in the laboratory, the response was remarkably similar regardless of donor species. However, when the donor had been collected from the field, many more genes were differentially expressed. We also found that while the transplant procedure did have some effect on the host transcriptome, this is likely to have had a limited effect on mosquito fitness. Overall, our results highlight the possibility that variation in mosquito microbiome communities is associated with variability in host–microbiome interactions and further demonstrate the utility of the microbiome transplantation technique for investigating host–microbe interactions in mosquitoes.
Mental health and diet quality after primary treatment for ovarian cancer
Authors: Johnston Elizabeth A. , Veenhuizen Stefanie G. A. , Ibiebele Torukiri I. , Webb Penelope M. , van der Pols Jolieke C. ,   the OPAL Study Group
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimsTo investigate anxiety and depression after primary treatment for ovarian cancer in relation to diet quality and intake.MethodsIn a cohort of women with ovarian cancer in Australia, levels of anxiety and depression (normal, subclinical, and clinical) were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at 9 months post‐diagnosis. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire at 12 months post‐diagnosis and scored using the Healthy Eating Index 2015. Multinomial logistic regression and bivariate analyses were used to investigate relationships between levels of anxiety and depression and subsequent diet quality and intake of food groups.ResultsOf 595 women, anxiety and depression were identified among 128 (21%) and 80 (13%) women, respectively. Compared to women without anxiety or depression, women with subclinical anxiety (odds ratio = 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.25–0.98) and those with clinical depression (odds ratio = 0.25, 95% confidence interval: 0.07–0.93) were less likely to score in the highest quartile for diet quality. Separate adjustment for age, education, employment, disease stage, body mass index, and smoking status did not attenuate these associations. In bivariate analyses, women with subclinical anxiety were more likely to report higher intakes of sweet foods. Those with clinical depression were more likely to report lower intakes of orange vegetables and wholegrains, higher intakes of sweetened beverages, and not consume alcohol or soya foods.ConclusionsAnxiety or depression after primary treatment for ovarian cancer may be associated with poorer diet quality. Efforts to improve diet quality post‐treatment should consider support for mental health.
Evaluation of air impingement for dry‐cleaning nonfat dry milk residues on a stainless‐steel surface
Authors: Karuppuchamy Veeramani , Heldman Dennis R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe use of air jet impingement to remove residues from surfaces in food manufacturing operations offers an alternative to the use of water and liquid cleaning agents. During this investigation, air impingement was used to remove nonfat dry milk (NFDM) residues from a stainless‐steel surface. The influence of the water activity (aw) of the residue, the time after the residue reached an equilibrium water activity, and the thickness of residue at the time of removal from the surface have been investigated. All three factors had a significant effect on the time for removal. An increase in the water activity, the time at equilibrium, the sample thickness, or a combination of all three resulted in an increase in the time required to remove the deposits. Visible changes in the structure of deposits were observed as NFDM samples equilibrated to water activities above 0.43. NFDM residues with water activities less than 0.33 were removed within 1 s of using air impingement regardless of wall shear stress. When the water activities were greater than 0.50, the thickness of deposit was greater than 1 mm, and the time after reaching an equilibrium water activity was over 7 days, more than 5 min of air impingement with wall shear stress over 9.48 Pa was required to remove the residue. The results from these experiments indicated that air impingement has the potential to provide effective cleaning in manufacturing facilities for low‐moisture foods.Practical ApplicationThe introduction of water in low‐moisture food environments is often undesirable due to the possibility of pathogenic microorganism growth. The normal cleaning operations in the food industry use water as a cleaning agent. This study evaluates the application of air impingement technology as a dry‐cleaning method.
Predicted metabolic roles and stress responses provide insights into candidate phyla Hydrogenedentota and Sumerlaeota as members of the rare biosphere in biofilms from various environments
Authors: Skoog Emilie J. , Bosak Tanja 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPustular mats from Shark Bay, Western Australia, host complex microbial communities bound within an organic matrix. These mats harbour many poorly characterized organisms with low relative abundances (<1%), such as candidate phyla Hydrogenedentota and Sumerlaeota. Here, we aim to constrain the metabolism and physiology of these candidate phyla by analyzing two representative metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs) from a pustular mat. Metabolic reconstructions of these MAGs suggest facultatively anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic lifestyles of both organisms and predict that both MAGs can metabolize a diversity of carbohydrate substrates. Ca. Sumerlaeota possesses genes involved in degrading chitin, cellulose and other polysaccharides, while Ca. Hydrogenedentota can metabolize cellulose derivatives in addition to glycerol, fatty acids and phosphonates. Both Ca. phyla can respond to nitrosative stress and participate in nitrogen metabolism. Metabolic comparisons of MAGs from Shark Bay and those from various polyextreme environments (i.e., hot springs, hydrothermal vents, subsurface waters, anaerobic digesters, etc.) reveal similar metabolic capabilities and adaptations to hypersalinity, oxidative stress, antibiotics, UV radiation, nitrosative stress, heavy metal toxicity and life in surface‐attached communities. These adaptations and capabilities may account for the widespread nature of these organisms and their contributions to biofilm communities in a range of extreme surface and subsurface environments.
How effective and cost‐effective is water fluoridation for adults and adolescents? The LOTUS 10‐year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Moore Deborah , Nyakutsikwa Blessing , Allen Thomas , Lam Emily , Birch Stephen , Tickle Martin , Pretty Iain A. , Walsh Tanya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo pragmatically assess the clinical and cost‐effectiveness of water fluoridation for preventing dental treatment and improving oral health in a contemporary population of adults and adolescents, using a natural experiment design.MethodsA 10‐year retrospective cohort study (2010–2020) using routinely collected NHS dental treatment claims data. Participants were patients aged 12 years and over, attending NHS primary dental care services in England (17.8 million patients). Using recorded residential locations, individuals exposed to drinking water with an optimal fluoride concentration (≥0.7 mg F/L) were matched to non‐exposed individuals using propensity scores. Number of NHS invasive dental treatments, DMFT and missing teeth were compared between groups using negative binomial regression. Total NHS dental treatment costs and cost per invasive dental treatment avoided were calculated.ResultsMatching resulted in an analytical sample of 6.4 million patients. Predicted mean number of invasive NHS dental treatments (restorations ‘fillings’/extractions) was 3% lower in the optimally fluoridated group (5.4) than the non‐optimally fluoridated group (5.6) (IRR 0.969, 95% CI 0.967, 0.971). Predicted mean DMFT was 2% lower in the optimally fluoridated group (IRR 0.984, 95% CI 0.983, 0.985). There was no difference in the predicted mean number of missing teeth per person (IRR 1.001, 95% CI 0.999, 1.003) and no compelling evidence that water fluoridation reduced social inequalities in dental health. Optimal water fluoridation in England 2010–2020 was estimated to cost £10.30 per person (excludes initial set‐up costs). NHS dental treatment costs for optimally fluoridated patients 2010–2020 were 5.5% lower, by £22.26 per person (95% CI ‐£21.43, −£23.09).ConclusionsReceipt of optimal water fluoridation 2010–2020 resulted in very small positive health effects which may not be meaningful for individuals. Existing fluoridation programmes in England produced a positive return on investment between 2010 and 2020 due to slightly lower NHS dental care utilization. This return should be evaluated against the projected costs and lifespan of any proposed capital investment in water fluoridation, including new programmes.
‘Am I supposed to be in a prison or a mental hospital?’ The nature and purpose of secure children's homes
Authors: Andow Caroline 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSecure children's homes are locked institutions that deprive children of their liberty. The government are investing significantly in these homes, yet there remains a lack of clarity about their nature and purpose. Drawing on data generated through a substantial ethnography in one secure children's home in England, this paper uses Goffman's (1961) theorising as a conceptual lens to view the institution. It concludes that ambiguity and confusion about what these institutions are, and what they seek to achieve, impacts negatively on the experience of everyday life within. Clarity is needed urgently to improve experiences and to enable the assessment of outcomes.
Does membership of the EMU matter for economic and financial outcomes?
Authors: Ardakani Omid M. , Kishor N. Kundan , Song Suyong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study examines the effects of joining the European Monetary Union (EMU) using propensity score matching to address self‐selection bias. Findings indicate that EMU membership leads to reduced volatility in inflation, output growth, and bond yields. However, it also reveals fiscal deterioration in member states during the pre‐financial crisis period, even excluding Greece, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain. These countries experienced favorable bond market conditions pre‐crisis. The study underscores varying EMU effectiveness across different periods and countries, emphasizing the importance for policymakers to consider these variations when adopting EMU strategies.
Independent mesenchymal progenitor pools respectively produce and maintain osteogenic and chondrogenic cells in zebrafish
Authors: Komiya Hiroaki , Sato Yuko , Kimura Hiroshi , Kawakami Atsushi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSkeletal tissues including cartilage and bones are characteristic features of vertebrates that are crucial for supporting body morphology and locomotion. Studies mainly in mice have shown that osteoblasts and chondroblasts are supplied from several progenitors like the sclerotome cells in the embryonic stage, osteo‐chondroprogenitors in growing long bones, and skeletal stem cells of bone marrow in the postnatal period. However, the exact origins of progenitor cells, their lineage relationships, and their potential to differentiate into osteoblasts and chondroblasts from embryos to adult tissues are not well understood. In this study, we conducted clonal cell tracking in zebrafish and showed that sox9a+ cells are already committed to either chondrogenic or osteogenic fates during embryonic stages and that respective progenies are independently maintained as mesenchymal progenitor pools. Once committed, they never change their lineage identities throughout animal life, even through regeneration. In addition, we further revealed that only osteogenic mesenchymal cells replenish the osteoblast progenitor cells (OPCs), a population of reserved tissue stem cells found to be involved in the de novo production of osteoblasts during regeneration and homeostasis in zebrafish. Thus, our clonal cell tracking study in zebrafish firstly revealed that the mesenchymal progenitor cells that are fated to develop into either chondroblasts or osteoblasts serve as respective tissue stem cells to maintain skeletal tissue homeostasis. Such mesenchymal progenitors dedicated to producing either chondroblasts or osteoblasts would be important targets for skeletal tissue regeneration.
Reciprocal inhibition and competitive hierarchy cause negative biodiversity‐ecosystem function relationships
Authors: D'Andrea Rafael , Khattar Gabriel , Koffel Thomas , Frans Veronica F. , Bittleston Leonora S. , Cuellar‐Gempeler Catalina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF) captivates ecologists, but the factors responsible for the direction of this relationship remain unclear. While higher ecosystem functioning at higher biodiversity levels (‘positive BEF’) is not universal in nature, negative BEF relationships seem puzzlingly rare. Here, we develop a dynamical consumer‐resource model inspired by microbial decomposer communities in pitcher plant leaves to investigate BEF. We manipulate microbial diversity via controlled colonization and measure their function as total ammonia production. We test how niche partitioning among bacteria and other ecological processes influence BEF in the leaves. We find that a negative BEF can emerge from reciprocal interspecific inhibition in ammonia production causing a negative complementarity effect, or from competitive hierarchies causing a negative selection effect. Absent these factors, a positive BEF was the typical outcome. Our findings provide a potential explanation for the rarity of negative BEF in empirical data.
Molecular mechanisms of saliva secretion and hyposecretion
Authors: Song Eun‐Ah Christine , Chung Sul‐Hee , Kim Jeong Hee 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe exocrine salivary gland secretes saliva, a fundamental body component to maintain oral homeostasis. Saliva is composed of water, ions, and proteins such as amylase, mucins, and immunoglobulins that play essential roles in the digestion of food, lubrication, and prevention of dental caries and periodontitis. An increasing number of people experience saliva hyposecretion due to aging, medications, Sjögren's syndrome, and radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. However, current treatments are mostly limited to temporary symptomatic relief. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying saliva secretion and hyposecretion to provide insight into putative therapeutic targets for treatment. Proteins implicated in saliva secretion pathways, including Ca2+‐signaling proteins, aquaporins, soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptors, and tight junctions, are aberrantly expressed and localized in patients with saliva hyposecretion, such as Sjögren's syndrome. Analysis of studies on the mechanisms of saliva secretion and hyposecretion suggests that crosstalk between fluid and protein secretory pathways via Ca2+/protein kinase C and cAMP/protein kinase A regulates saliva secretion. Impaired crosstalk between the two secretory pathways may contribute to saliva hyposecretion. Future research into the detailed regulatory mechanisms of saliva secretion and hyposecretion may provide information to define novel targets and generate therapeutic strategies for saliva hyposecretion.
Accelerated prediction of shear fatigue life of soft adhesive based on the time–temperature superposition principle
Authors: Xia Yan , Yao Chengbin , Zhu Zhongmeng , Yang Zhuoran , Jiang Han 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLong‐term service lifetime estimation of soft adhesives is critical for their reliability and durability but is often expensive and time‐consuming. The applicability of the time–temperature superposition principle (TTSP) to predict the shear fatigue life of the soft adhesive was investigated by systematic experiments. Through the analysis of energy dissipation mechanism, it was found that the viscoelastic dissipation stage played a dominant role in the shear fatigue process of the soft adhesive in the lap shear configuration. The master curve of the shear fatigue life at reference temperature could be successfully constructed by using the shift factor obtained from the rheological test. The shear fatigue life at low temperatures could be equivalently predicted based on short‐term testing at relatively high temperatures. The TTSP method is effective in predicting the shear fatigue life of the soft adhesive under wide lifetime ranges and temperatures, which could save testing time and cost greatly.
Ontogenetic growth responses to the environmental changes of the swordtip squid (Uroteuthis edulis) spring stock in the East China Sea
Authors: Li Nan , Han Peiwu , Chen Xinjun , Fang Zhou 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSwordtip squid (Uroteuthis edulis) is characterized by a complex population structure and rapid generation renewal and sensitive to habitat changes. Its population growth response to environmental variations implies its flexible life history traits. In this study, with the samples collected in the north‐central waters of the East China Sea from 2017 to 2021, the daily growth of the spring stock was analyzed based on the age and increment width of statolith. The gradient forest method (GFM) and generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) were used to explore the changes in the weights of environmental variables and the relationships between daily growth and environmental variables in various growth stages. The age of the samples collected from 2017 to 2021 mainly ranged from 180 to 240 days, and the spring stock was the dominant stock. According to the distance from daily increment to core in the statolith, the life history of the spring stock was divided into four growth stages (S1 embryo–larval stage, S2 juvenile stage, S3 subadult stage, and S4 adult stage). For the spring stock, the cumulative weight of temperature and salinity in the population growth was the largest in S1 stage; the cumulative weight of temperature and velocity was the largest in S2 stage; the cumulative weight of temperature was the largest in S3 stage; and the cumulative weight of mixed layer depth (MLD), temperature, and salinity was the largest in S4 stage. The relationship between temperature at the depth of 25 m (T25) and daily growth of the spring stock was first positively correlated (S1–S2), then negatively correlated (S3), and finally positively correlated (S4). The relationship between environment variable and growth of the spring stock gradually decreased with the increase in MLD (30 to 50 m) and SSS (S3–S4, 32.2‰ to 33.2‰) and gradually increased with the increase in the velocity of currents (S1, .1 to .2 m/s). The differences in the responses of the spring stock to environmental variations in different growth stages may lead to the changes in the growth traits for the spring stock. This study provides a scientific basis for a comprehensive understanding of the life history traits of U. edulis.