bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiology of posterior, NaCl-absorbing gills ofChasmagnathus granulatus: rapid responses to osmotic variations
Authors: Tresguerres M. , Onken H. , Pérez A. F. , Luquet C. M. 
Published: January 2003

SUMMARYIn the present study, the influence of short-term osmotic variations on some electrophysiological properties related to NaCl absorption across posterior gills of Chasmagnathus granulatus was investigated. The transepithelial potential difference (Vte) of isolated and perfused gills increased significantly when hyposmotic saline (699 mosmol l-1) was used instead of isosmotic solution (1045 mosmol l-1). A reduction of the concentration of Na+ or Cl- at constant osmolarity did not produce any change in Vte. Transepithelial short-circuit current(Isc) and conductance (Gte), measured with split gill lamellae mounted in a modified Ussing chamber, also increased after changing to hyposmotic salines (Isc: from-89.0±40.8 μA cm-2 to -179.3±37.0 μA cm-2; Gte: from 40.5±16.9 mS cm-2 to 47.3±15.8 mS cm-2). The observed effects of reduced osmolarity were fast, reversible and gradually dependent on the magnitude of the osmotic variation. The activity of the Na+/K+-ATPase increased significantly after perfusion with hyposmotic saline, from 18.73±6.35 μmol Pih-1 mg-1 to 41.84±14.54 μmol Pih-1 mg-1. Theophylline maintained part of the elevated Vte induced by hyposmotic saline, suggesting that an increased cellular cyclic AMP level is involved in the response to reduced osmolarity. In summary, the results indicate that the hemolymph osmolarity regulates active transbranchial NaCl absorption by modulating the activity of the basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase and by changing a conductive pathway, probably at the apical membrane.
Lactate efflux from sarcolemmal vesicles isolated from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss white muscle is via simple diffusion
Authors: Sharpe Rainie L. , Milligan C. Louise 
Published: January 2003

SUMMARY
Lactic acid is produced as an end product of glycolysis in rainbow trout white muscle following exhaustive exercise. The metabolically produced lactic acid causes an intramuscular acidosis that must be cleared, either via net transport out of the muscle or by conversion to glycogen,thereby replenishing the muscle energy store. Trout muscle has been shown to retain lactate and utilise it as a substrate for in situ glycogen resynthesis. The giant sarcolemmal vesicle preparation was used to characterise the potential for lactate loss from white muscle of rainbow trout. Minimal lactate loss was expected due to the requirement within the intramuscular compartment of lactate for glycogen resynthesis. The sarcolemma was found to be highly resistant to lactate loss, with efflux rates approximately 500-fold lower than influx rates [0.049±0.006 nmol mg-1 min-1 (N=21) versus26.4±6.3 nmol mg-1 min-1 (N=5),respectively, at 25 mmol l-1 lactate concentration]. Lactate efflux was linear over the range 10-250 mmol l-1 lactate, and greatest under conditions when intravesicular pH was lower than extravesicular pH, but was unaffected by α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate, a known inhibitor of lactate transport. These results suggest that lactate is relatively impermeant to the trout white muscle membrane and any lactate loss occurs viapassive diffusion. This resistance to lactate diffusion can explain why trout muscle retains lactate post-exercise, despite transmembrane gradients that should favour net efflux.
Long-Term Risk and Prediction of Progression in Primary Angle Closure Suspect
Authors: Yuan Yixiong , Xiong Ruilin , Wang Wei , Xu Benjamin Y. , Liao Chimei , Yang Shaopeng , Li Cong , Zhang Jian , Yin Qiuxia , Zheng Yingfeng , Friedman David S. , Foster Paul J. , He Mingguang 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceIdentifying primary angle closure suspect (PACS) eyes at risk of angle closure is crucial for its management. However, the risk of progression and its prediction are still understudied in long-term longitudinal studies about PACS.ObjectiveTo explore baseline predictors and develop prediction models for the 14-year risk of progression from PACS to primary angle closure (PAC).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study involved participants from the Zhongshan Angle Closure Prevention trial who had untreated eyes with PACS. Baseline examinations included tonometry, ultrasound A-scan biometry, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) under both light and dark conditions. Primary angle closure was defined as peripheral anterior synechiae in 1 or more clock hours, intraocular pressure (IOP) greater than 24 mm Hg, or acute angle closure. Based on baseline covariates, logistic regression models were built to predict the risk of progression from PACS to PAC during 14 years of follow-up.ResultsThe analysis included 377 eyes from 377 patients (mean [SD] patient age at baseline, 58.28 [4.71] years; 317 females [84%]). By the 14-year follow-up visit, 93 eyes (25%) had progressed from PACS to PAC. In multivariable models, higher IOP (odds ratio [OR], 1.14 [95% CI, 1.04-1.25] per 1-mm Hg increase), shallower central anterior chamber depth (ACD; OR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.67-0.97] per 0.1-mm increase), and shallower limbal ACD (OR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.93-0.99] per 0.01 increase in peripheral corneal thickness) at baseline were associated with an increased 14-year risk of progression from PACS to PAC. As for AS-OCT measurements, smaller light-room trabecular-iris space area (TISA) at 500 μm from the scleral spur (OR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.77-0.96] per 0.01-mm2 increase), smaller light-room angle recess area (ARA) at 750 μm from the scleral spur (OR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.88-0.98] per 0.01-mm2 increase), and smaller dark-room TISA at 500 μm (OR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.80-0.98] per 0.01-mm2 increase) at baseline were identified as predictors for the 14-year risk of progression. The prediction models based on IOP and central and limbal ACDs showed moderate performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.63-0.75) in predicting progression from PACS to PAC, and inclusion of AS-OCT metrics did not improve the model’s performance.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study suggests that higher IOP, shallower central and limbal ACDs, and smaller TISA at 500 μm and light-room ARA at 750 μm may serve as baseline predictors for progression to PAC in PACS eyes. Evaluating these factors can aid in customizing PACS management.
Four‐dimensional treatment planning strategies for dynamic tumor tracking
Authors: Carpentier Emilie E. , McDermott Ronan L. , Camborde Marie‐Laure A. , Karan Tania , Bergman Alanah M. , Mestrovic Ante 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionDynamic tumor tracking (DTT) is a motion management technique where the radiation beam follows a moving tumor in real time. Not modelling DTT beam motion in the treatment planning system leaves an organ at risk (OAR) vulnerable to exceeding its dose limit. This work investigates two planning strategies for DTT plans, the “Boolean OAR Method” and the “Aperture Sorting Method,” to determine if they can successfully spare an OAR while maintaining sufficient target coverage.Materials and methodsA step‐and‐shoot intensity modulated radiation therapy (sIMRT) treatment plan was re‐optimized for 10 previously treated liver stereotactic ablative radiotherapy patients who each had one OAR very close to the target. Two planning strategies were investigated to determine which is more effective at sparing an OAR while maintaining target coverage: (1) the “Boolean OAR Method” created a union of an OAR's contours from two breathing phases (exhale and inhale) on the exhale phase (the planning CT) and protected this combined OAR during plan optimization, (2) the “Aperture Sorting Method” assigned apertures to the breathing phase where they contributed the least to an OAR's maximum dose.ResultsAll 10 OARs exceeded their dose constraints on the original plan four‐dimensional (4D) dose distributions and average target coverage was V100% = 91.3% ± 2.9% (ranging from 85.1% to 94.8%). The “Boolean OAR Method” spared 7/10 OARs, and mean target coverage decreased to V100% = 87.1% ± 3.8% (ranging from 80.7% to 93.7%). The “Aperture Sorting Method” spared 9/10 OARs and the mean target coverage remained high at V100% = 91.7% ± 2.8% (ranging from 84.9% to 94.5%).Conclusions4D planning strategies are simple to implement and can improve OAR sparing during DTT treatments. The “Boolean OAR Method” improved sparing of OARs but target coverage was reduced. The “Aperture Sorting Method” further improved sparing of OARs and maintained target coverage.
Proteomic signatures of physical, cognitive, and imaging outcomes in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Jalaleddini Kian , Jakimovski Dejan , Keshavan Anisha , McCurdy Shannon , Leyden Kelly , Qureshi Ferhan , Ghoreyshi Atiyeh , Bergsland Niels , Dwyer Michael G. , Ramanathan Murali , Weinstock‐Guttman Bianca , Benedict Ralph HB , Zivadinov Robert 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundA quantitative measurement of serum proteome biomarkers that would associate with disease progression endpoints can provide risk stratification for persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and supplement the clinical decision‐making process.Materials and MethodsIn total, 202 PwMS were enrolled in a longitudinal study with measurements at two time points with an average follow‐up time of 5.4 years. Clinical measures included the Expanded Disability Status Scale, Timed 25‐foot Walk, 9‐Hole Peg, and Symbol Digit Modalities Tests. Subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging to determine the volumetric measures of the whole brain, gray matter, deep gray matter, and lateral ventricles. Serum samples were analyzed using a custom immunoassay panel on the Olink™ platform, and concentrations of 18 protein biomarkers were measured. Linear mixed‐effects models and adjustment for multiple comparisons were performed.ResultsSubjects had a significant 55.6% increase in chemokine ligand 20 (9.7 pg/mL vs. 15.1 pg/mL, p < 0.001) and neurofilament light polypeptide (10.5 pg/mL vs. 11.5 pg/mL, p = 0.003) at the follow‐up time point. Additional changes in CUB domain‐containing protein 1, Contactin 2, Glial fibrillary acidic protein, Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, and Osteopontin were noted but did not survive multiple comparison correction. Worse clinical performance in the 9‐HPT was associated with neurofilament light polypeptide (p = 0.001). Increases in several biomarker candidates were correlated with greater neurodegenerative changes as measured by different brain volumes.ConclusionMultiple proteins, selected from a disease activity test that represent diverse biological pathways, are associated with physical, cognitive, and radiographic outcomes. Future studies should determine the utility of multiple protein assays in routine clinical care.
Amide‐Engineered Metal–Organic Porous Liquids Toward Enhanced CO2 Photoreduction Performance
Authors: Xu Yangrui , Ren Yewei , Zhou Guosheng , Feng Sheng , Yang Zhenzhen , Dai Sheng , Lu Ziyang , Zhou Tianhua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe development of alternative catalytic systems toward high‐performance CO2 photoreduction is considered to be a promising approach to address the future energy demand and reduce the CO2 emissions. However, CO2 molecules are thermodynamically stable in nature, and thus the adsorption and activation of CO2 on the surface of catalysts are the key factors to determine the conversion efficiency. Herein, a porous liquid (NH2‐UIO‐66 PL) is demonstrated for efficiently facilitating the adsorption and activation of CO2 by modification of metal–organic framework (NH2‐UIO‐66) with ionic liquid via amide bonds. CdS/NH2‐UIO‐66 PL exhibits high‐performance CO2‐to‐CO photoreduction with CO yield of 71.37 µmol g−1 h−1 and selectivity of 100%. Experiments and theoretical calculations show that the introduced amide moieties not only enriched the electron density at Zr4+ active sites but also stabilize *COOH intermediate. The achievements provide an effective strategy for the development of metal–organic frameworks for energy catalysis.
Half‐Full Filled Aerogels with a 348% Increment in Energy Absorption and a Retained High Electromagnetic Shielding Performance
Authors: Kong Ying , Lv Zhengqiang , Li Changwei , Men Chuanling , Wu Xianqian , Wang Jin , Hu Dongmei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAerogels, as kinetic energy absorbing materials, can find crucial applications for safeguarding in transportation, sports, buildings, construction, and aerospace. However, the highly porous structure makes it extremely fragile for endurance usage. In this study, a half‐full filled structure has been proposed, and the concept has been demonstrated based on shear thickening fluid (STF) and chemically vapor deposited carbon nanotube aerogels (CNTAs), in which the outer part of CNTA is filled with STF while the inner core keeping unfilled. Chemical vapor deposition significantly enhances the elasticity and electromagnetic shielding performance of the native CNTA. The half‐full filled aerogels (HFFA) show a 348% increase in energy absorption compared to the CNTA. At the same time, the density, electronic conductivity, and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of the HFFAs are 0.117 g cm−3, 1213 S m−1, and 69.52 dB (which is a neglectable reduction of 0.63% compared to native CNTA), respectively. The HFFA strategy provides an alternative route to fabricate robust aerogels with a remarkable increase of target properties while maintaining other properties, such as low density, high pore volume, and conductivity, with limited changes.
Electrospun Composite PLLA‐PPSB Nanofiber Nerve Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Defects Repair and Regeneration
Authors: Dai Yuan , Lu Tingwei , Li Linli , Zhang Fan , Xu Haocheng , Li Hailong , Wang Weizhong , Shao Minghao , Lyu Feizhou 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common clinical problem and regenerating peripheral nerve defects remain a significant challenge. Poly(polyol sebacate) (PPS) polymers are developed as promising materials for biomedical applications due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, elastomeric properties, and ease of production. However, the application of PPS‐based biomaterials in nerve tissue engineering, especially in PNI repair, is limited. In this study, PPS‐based composite nanofibers poly(l‐lactic acid)‐poly(polycaprolactone triol‐co‐sebacic acid‐co‐N,N‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐2‐aminoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt) (PLLA‐PPSB) are aimed to construct through electrospinning and assess their in vitro biocompatibility with Schwann cells (SCs) and in vivo repair capabilities for peripheral nerve defects. For the first time, the biocompatibility and bioactivity of PPS‐based nanomaterial are examined at the molecular, cellular, and animal levels for PNI repair. Electrospun PLLA‐PPSB nanofibers display favorable physicochemical properties and biocompatibility, providing an effective interface for the proliferation, glial expression, and adhesion of SCs in vitro. In vivo experiments using a 10‐mm rat sciatic nerve defect model show that PLLA‐PPSB nanofiber nerve conduits enhance myelin formation, axonal regeneration, angiogenesis, and functional recovery. Transcriptome analysis and biological validation indicate that PLLA‐PPSB nanofibers may promote SC proliferation by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This suggests the promising potential of PLLA‐PPSB nanomaterial for PNI repair.
220 V/50 Hz Compatible Bipolar Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhang Heng , Wang Jiming , Chen Shuming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlternating current (AC)‐driven quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) are superior to direct current‐driven QLEDs because they can be directly integrated into household AC electricity and have high stability. However, achieving high‐performance AC‐driven QLEDs remains challenging. In this work, a bipolar QLED with coplanar electrodes is realized by horizontally connecting a regular QLED and an inverted QLED in series using an Al bridging layer. The bipolar QLED can be turned on with either a positive or a negative bias voltage, with a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 22.9%. By replacing the Al with Ag, the resistances of the electron transport layers are effectively reduced, and thus the bipolar QLED shows an enhanced brightness of 16370 cd m−2 at 15 V. By connecting multiple bipolar QLEDs in series, the resulting light source can be directly driven by a 220 V/50 Hz household power supply without the need for back‐end electronics. The bipolar QLED can also be realized by vertically stacking a regular QLED and an inverted QLED with a metallic intermediate connection layer. It is demonstrated that the coplanar or vertical bipolar QLEDs could find potential applications in household AC electricity play‐and‐plug solid‐state lighting and single‐ or double‐sided displays.
Polymer Donor with a Simple Skeleton and Minor Siloxane Decoration Enables 19% Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Xing , Chen Mingqing , Liang Jiahao , Liu Haizhen , Xie Xianglun , Zhang Lianjie , Ma Dongge , Chen Junwu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDevelopment of polymer donors with simple chemical structure and low cost is of great importance for commercial application of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, side‐chain random copolymer PMQ‐Si605 with a simply 6,7‐difluoro‐3‐methylquinoxaline‐thiophene backbone and 5% siloxane decoration of side chain is synthesized in comparison with its alternating copolymer PTQ11. Relative to molecular weight (Mn) of 28.3 kg mol−1 for PTQ11, the random copolymer PMQ‐Si605 with minor siloxane decoration is beneficial for achieving higher Mn up to 51.1 kg mol−1. In addition, PMQ‐Si605 can show stronger aggregation ability and faster charge mobility as well as more efficient exciton dissociation in active layer as revealed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. With L8‐BO‐F as acceptor, its PMQ‐Si605 based OSCs display power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.08%, much higher than 16.21% for PTQ11 based devices. With another acceptor BTP‐H2 to optimize the photovoltaic performance of PMQ‐Si605, further elevated PCEs of 18.50% and 19.15% can be achieved with the binary and ternary OSCs, respectively. Furthermore, PMQ‐Si605 based active layers are suitable for processing in high humidity air, an important factor for massive production of OSCs. Therefore, the siloxane decoration on polymer donors is promising, affording PMQ‐Si605 as a high‐performing and low cost candidate.
Design of All‐Oxide Multilayers with High‐Temperature Stability Toward Future Thermophotovoltaic Applications
Authors: Song Jiawei , He Zihao , Shen Chao , Zhu Jie , Qi Zhimin , Sun Xing , Zhang Yizhi , Liu Juncheng , Zhang Xinghang , Ruan Xiulin , Bermel Peter , Wang Haiyan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThermophotovoltaic (TPV) technology converts heat into electricity using thermal radiation. Increasing operating temperature is a highly effective approach to improving the efficiency of TPV systems. However, most reported TPV selective emitters degrade rapidly via. oxidation as operating temperatures increase. To address this issue, replacing nanostructured oxide‐metal films with oxide–oxide films is a promising way to greatly limit oxidation, even under high‐temperature conditions. This study introduces new all‐oxide photonic crystal designs for high‐temperature stable TPV systems, overcoming limitations of metal phases and offering promising material choices. The designs utilize both yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/MgO and CeO2/MgO combinations with a multilayer structure and stable high‐quality growth. Both designsexhibit positive optical dielectric constants with tunable reflectivity, measured via optical characterization. Thermal stability testing using in situ heating X‐ray diffraction (XRD) suggests high‐temperature stability (up to 1000 °C) of both YSZ/MgO and CeO2/MgO systems. The results demonstrate a new and promising approach to improve the high‐temperature stability of TPV systems, which can be extended to a wide range of material selection and potential designs.
3D Printable Hydrogel Bioelectronic Interfaces for Healthcare Monitoring and Disease Diagnosis: Materials, Design Strategies, and Applications
Authors: Dutta Sayan Deb , Ganguly Keya , Randhawa Aayushi , Patil Tejal V. , Kim Hojin , Acharya Rumi , Lim Ki‐Taek 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years, additive manufacturing tools, such as 3D printing, has gained enormous attention in biomedical engineering for developing ionotropic devices, flexible electronics, skin‐electronic interfaces, and wearable sensors with extremely high precision and sensing accuracy. Such printed bioelectronics are innovative and can be used as multi‐stimuli response platforms for human health monitoring and disease diagnosis. This review systematically discusses the past, present, and future of the various printable and stretchable soft bioelectronics for precision medicine. The potential of various naturally and chemically derived conductive biopolymer inks and their nanocomposites with tunable physico‐chemical properties is also highlighted, which is crucial for bioelectronics fabrication. Then, the design strategies of various printable sensors for human body sensing are summarized. In conclusion, the perspectives on the future advanced bioelectronics are described, which will be helpful, particularly in the field of nano/biomedicine. An in‐depth knowledge of materials design to functional aspects of printable bioelectronics is demonstrated, with an aim to accelerate the development of next‐generation wearables.
Recent Progresses of Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries and Their Prospects in the Field of Smart City
Authors: Lu Pengyi , Fan Zhanxi , Guo Cong , Liang Ji 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDue to their excellent reliability, low cost, and environmental friendliness, aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) present a promising prospect for both mobile and stationary energy storage for smart devices and cities. However, current challenges, such as anode dendrite growth, cathode dissolution, and parasitic side reactions, hinder the practical application of AZIBs. This review first provides an in‐depth explanation of the energy storage mechanisms of anodes and cathodes. A comprehensive discussion of typical issues with the anode, cathode, and electrolyte of AZIBs is then presented. Furthermore, the practical considerations and potential applications in the development of smart flexible electronics are illustrated. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for the future development of practical AZIBs are highlighted. This review is expected to serve as a guidepost for the practical applications of AZIBs for clean, sustainable, and efficient energy storage and management in new urban forms.