bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcranial Irradiation Mitigates Paradoxical Sleep Deprivation Effect in an Age-Dependent Manner: Role of BDNF and GLP-1
Authors: Lutfy Radwa H. , Essawy Amina E. , Mohammed Haitham S. , Shakweer Marwa M. , Salam Sherine Abdel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe growing prevalence of aged sleep-deprived nations is turning into a pandemic state. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) accompanies aging, changing the hippocampal cellular pattern, neurogenesis pathway expression, and aggravating cognitive deterioration. The present study investigated the ability of Near Infra Red (NIR) light laser to ameliorate cognitive impairment induced by SD in young and senile rats. Wistar rats ≤ 2 months (young) and ≥ 14 months (senile) were sleep-deprived for 72 h with or without transcranial administration of NIR laser of 830 nm. Our results showed that NIR photobiomodulation (PBM) attenuated cognitive deterioration made by SD in young, but not senile rats, while both sleep-deprived young and senile rats exhibited decreased anxiety (mania)-like behavior in response to PBM. NIR PBM had an inhibitory effect on AChE, enhanced the production of ACh, attenuated ROS, and regulated cell apoptosis factors such as Bax and Bcl-2. NIR increased mRNA expression of BDNF and GLP-1 in senile rats, thus facilitating neuronal survival and differentiation. The present findings also revealed that age exerts an additive factor to the cellular assaults produced by SD where hippocampal damages made in 2-month rats were less severe than those of the aged one. In conclusion, NIR PBM seems to promote cellular longevity of senile hippocampal cells by combating ROS, elevating neurotrophic factors, thus improving cognitive performance. The present findings provide NIR as a possible candidate for hippocampal neuronal insults accompanying aging and SD.
“I do not want to stop teaching”: The impact of conflict and displacement on teachers in southern Mosul
Authors: Paradies Maria 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article explores the emotional and physical conditions experienced by Iraqi teachers after the fighting and displacement began in 2014 (IOM, 2018) in southern Mosul. It contributes to reducing the paucity of research on teacher well-being in conflict-affected contexts, showing that education can have a healing role for teachers, as well as for students. Teaching helps them to be resilient, to re-establish relationships, and to focus once again on their knowledge and skills. The paper draws on findings from hybrid research involving 35 teachers in 10 different primary and secondary schools in Ninewa governorate. The research explores their needs and challenges from multiple perspectives. While confronted with daily hardships and challenges, teachers do not want to abdicate their role as educators. Teaching helps them to have a sense of purpose. Their strong sense of vocation and motivation to continue teaching under such challenging circumstances add to the debate on teacher well-being and resilience.
Beyond the Ancient and the Modern: Thinking the Tragic with Williams and Kitto
Authors: Bento Sílvia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe philosophy of Bernard Williams, recognised as a prominent expression of ethical thought, presents an intense dialogue with ancient Greek tragic culture. Combining erudition and elegance, Williams evokes Greek tragedies to discuss modern ethical ideas and conceptions. Our article intends to consider Williams’ thought from a cultural point of view: we propose analysing Williams’ cultural methodology, which may be described as a way of thinking beyond the traditional dichotomies between the ancient and the modern, especially concerning the notion of the tragic. Accordingly, we shall examine the affinities between ancient and modern tragic cultures by identifying common narrative and poetical elements. To do so, we shall consider the interpretation of Hamlet, developed by the classicist scholar H.D.F. Kitto. In Form and Meaning in Drama: A Study of Six Greek Plays and of “Hamlet” (1956), Kitto proposes reading Hamlet in close alliance with Oedipus Tyrannus. Kitto maintains that both tragedies are poetical expressions of a shared tragic element: miasma, or “pollution”, a concept thoroughly treated by Williams in the third chapter of Shame and Necessity. Our article aims to combine Williams’ cultural methodology—we may call it the deconstruction of the repeated theoretical frameworks regarding the differences between the ancient and the modern—and Kitto’s reading of Hamlet in line with Oedipus Tyrannus, which may be understood as an illustration of the persistence of common tragic elements beyond time and the historical separation of cultural periods. Our perspective shall be both cultural and aesthetical.
Run Length Limited Error Control Codes Derived from Reed Solomon Codes
Authors: Farkaš Peter , Rakús Martin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractReed Solomon codes were standardized for numerous wireless communication systems. Most practical Reed Solomon codes belong to non-binary linear block codes defined over finite fields with characteristic two. Each linear block code contains one codeword composed of all zeros. The concatenation of this and also other codewords can lead to long, theoretically even infinite, runs of equal symbols. Such long runs do not support synchronization in wireless receivers and therefore are unwanted. In this paper it is shown that extended and some appropriately shortened Reed Solomon codes constructed over finite fields with characteristic two can be transformed into Run Length Limited Reed Solomon codes. The presented method, if applicable, allows for doing it without inserting additional redundancy. Another advantage is that after the transformation, if some round conditions are fulfilled, the decoding does not have to be rebuilt.
Bewegungsförderung im Team
Authors: Schoser Daria Sophia , Füllgraebe Freya , Trapp Lisa-Marie , Schüller Fiona , Ringreb Fiona , Froböse Ingo , Wilke Christiane 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Aktuelle Studien zeigen, dass ein Großteil der Kinder und Jugendlichen die empfohlene Bewegungszeit von mindestens 60 min körperlicher Aktivität am Tag nicht erreicht. Schulen stellen über die große Erreichbarkeit der Zielgruppe ein geeignetes Setting zur Bewegungsförderung dar, das besonders an weiterführenden Schulen bislang kaum berücksichtigt worden ist. Daher braucht es Strategien für Bewegungsförderung in diesem Setting. Das Peer-Mentoring stellt einen vielversprechenden Ansatz dar, der im Sportbuddy-Projekt an weiterführenden Schulen erprobt wird. Ist das Sportbuddy-Projekt eine Möglichkeit der Bewegungsförderung, die umsetzbar ist und subjektiv wahrgenommen die Bewegungsmotivation und das Bewegungsverhalten beeinflusst?

Studiendesign und Untersuchungsmethoden
Über einen Zeitraum von neun Wochen fand das Sportbuddy-Projekt statt, was über ein Eins-zu-eins-Mentoring von Sporthelfer*innen sowie eine AG und ein Bewegungsbuch Fünftklässler*innen zu mehr Bewegung anregen sollte. Am Ende der Projektdurchführung wurden alle Beteiligten, Fünftklässler*innen, Sporthelfer*innen und Lehrkräfte mittels leitfadengestützten Interviews befragt. Die Auswertung der 15 Interviews erfolgte anhand der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse.

Ergebnisse
Alle Beteiligten äußerten Zuspruch für das Projekt. Besonders von den Fünftklässler*innen wurde Spaß am Projekt und ein Zugehörigkeitsgefühl zur Projektgruppe betont sowie eine längere Projektdauer gewünscht. Eigenorganisierte Treffen zwischen den Sportbuddys haben vereinzelt stattgefunden. Einige Aussagen berichteten von einer selbst wahrgenommen positiven Änderung des Bewegungsverhaltens. Kleine Hindernisse zeigten sich in der Initiierung des Projekts, da es an allen Schulen zu Verzögerungen und dadurch kürzerer Projektlaufzeit gekommen ist.

Schlussfolgerung
Aus den Interviews wird deutlich, dass das Sportbuddy-Projekt das Potenzial einer niederschwelligen Bewegungsförderung besitzt, um Fünftklässler*innen zu mehr Bewegung zu motivieren. Anpassungen bezüglich der Initiierung und der Verzahnung der einzelnen Komponenten sollten allerdings noch getroffen werden.
Academic success is in the eye of the beholder: understanding scholars’ implicit appointment preferences through adaptive choice-based conjoint analysis
Authors: Graf Laura , Rimbeck Marlen , Stumpf-Wollersheim Jutta , Welpe Isabell M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBecause scholarly performance is multidimensional, many different criteria may influence appointment decisions. Previous studies on appointment preferences do not reveal the underlying process on how appointment committee members consider and weigh up different criteria when they evaluate candidates. To identify scholars’ implicit appointment preferences, we used adaptive choice-based conjoint analysis (ACBC), which is able to capture the non-compensatory process of complex decisions like personnel selection. Junior and senior scholars (N = 681) from different countries and types of higher education institutions took part in a hypothetical appointment procedure. A two-step segmentation analysis based on unsupervised and supervised learning revealed three distinct patterns of appointment preferences. More specifically, scholars differ in the appointment criteria they prefer to use, that is, they make different trade-offs when they evaluate candidates who fulfill some but not all of their expectations. The most important variable for predicting scholars’ preferences is the country in which he or she is currently living. Other important predictors of appointment preferences were, for example, scholars’ self-reported research performance and whether they work at a doctorate-granting or not-doctorate-granting higher education institution. A comparison of scholars’ implicit and explicit preferences yielded considerable discrepancies. Through the lens of cognitive bias theory, we contribute to the extension of the literature on professorial appointments by an implicit process perspective and provide insights for scholars and higher education institutions.
Klasse gegen Klima? Transformationskonflikte in der Autoindustrie
Authors: Dörre Klaus , Liebig Steffen , Lucht Kim , Sittel Johanna 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungÖkologische Großgefahren wie der Klimawandel betreffen alle, sie ebnen soziale Ungleichheiten aber keineswegs ein. Die Klassenvergessenheit ökologischer Aufklärung trägt dazu bei, dass Maßnahmen gegen die Erderhitzung auf soziale Barrieren treffen. Deshalb ist die sozial-ökologische Transformation konfliktträchtig. Anhand empirischer Tiefenbohrungen bei zwei deutschen Autoherstellern zeigt der Beitrag, wie Management und Arbeiterschaft einer Karbonbranche mit den Veränderungen umgehen. Mit Hilfe klassentheoretischer Überlegungen werden die untersuchten Werke als Klassengesellschaften in Miniatur beschrieben. Sie konstituieren soziale Felder, in denen die Transformation nicht nur das Spiel, sondern auch die Spielregeln ändert, nach denen die betrieblichen Akteure handeln. Klassenachse und ökologische Achse müssen in ihrer jeweiligen Besonderheit betrachtet werden, um ihre Wechselwirkungen in Transformationskonflikten zu verstehen. Nur so lässt sich erklären, warum Konflikte transformativ oder konservierend verlaufen können. Die Haltung betrieblicher Interessenvertretungen und gewerkschaftlicher Strukturen, aber auch der Einfluss externer Vetospieler (Klimabewegungen, radikale Rechte) beeinflussen die Konfliktdynamiken erheblich. Fallübergreifend zeigt sich, dass institutionell eingehegte Klassenauseinandersetzungen in mitbestimmten Unternehmen mehr und mehr zu sozial-ökologischen Transformationskonflikten werden. Es handelt sich um Mehrebenenkonflikte, in denen eigentumsbasierte Entscheidungsmacht eine zentrale Rolle spielt. Weder entsteht eine ökologische Klasse jenseits der Produktion, noch bildet sich ein ökologisches Proletariat heraus. Stattdessen setzt sich ein Transformationskorporatismus durch, der am Entscheidungsmonopol über Geschäftsmodelle, über das Eigentümer und strategiefähiges Management verfügen, an klassenspezifische Grenzen stößt.
Reflexive use of methods: a framework for navigating different types of knowledge and power in transformative research
Authors: Minna Kaljonen , Jacobi Johanna , Korhonen-Kurki Kaisa , Lukkarinen Jani P. , Ott Anna , Peltomaa Juha , Schneider Flurina , Tribaldos Theresa , Zaehringer Julie G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn transformative sustainability science, reflexivity is considered critical for ethically sound and socially relevant research. In practice, many transdisciplinary knowledge co-production processes have faced problems in mitigating power hierarchies among the participating actors and the different types of knowledge. In this paper, we develop and test a reflexive framework that enables transdisciplinary researchers to convey more explicitly how their methodological choices play a role in im/balancing power relations in knowledge co-production. The reflexive framework allows researchers to distinguish the different types of knowledge co-produced by the methods, as well as tracking the movements between them. We utilize the framework to reflect upon the methodological choices made through the application of three different transformative methods, namely the Transition Arena, Theory of Change, and Participatory Food Sustainability Assessment and Transformation Framework in different contexts. The results illuminate how the agility between the knowledge types is critical for navigating tensions in power imbalances, as well as producing transformative knowledge. Moreover, the results call further attention to the co-production of critical knowledge in sustainability science.
Cucumber seed polypeptides regulate RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through OPG/RANKL/RANK and NF-κB
Authors: Yu Tao , Liu Xiao , Jiang Meng , Li Yuanyue , Su Heng , Niu Ben 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPostmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a common disease that endangers the health of elderly women. Cucumber seeds have shown excellent therapeutic effects on PMOP, but the mechanism of cucumber seed peptide (CSP) remains unclear. The expression levels of NF-κB and osteoclast-related genes were detected by RT-qPCR. The levels of apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blotting. Nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and osteoclast formation were detected by immunofluorescence and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, respectively. ELISA was used to detect the expression levels of OPG, M-CSF, and RANKL. Hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) and TRAP staining were used to observe the effects of CSP on bone formation. In RAW264.7 cells, CSP (0.4 mg/L, 4 mg/L, and 40 mg/L) effectively inhibited the expression of osteoclast-related genes (Cathepsin-K, MT1-MMP, MMP-9, and TRAP). TRAP-positive multinucleated giant cells gradually decreased. Furthermore, NF-κB pathway activation downstream of RANK was inhibited. In bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), the expression levels of M-CSF and RANKL gradually decreased, and OPG gradually increased with increasing CSP concentrations. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-κB) prevented the formation of osteoclasts. Treatment with different concentrations of CSP effectively decreased the levels of RANKL and M-CSF in rat serum and increased the expression of OPG in the oophorectomy (OVX) rat model. Furthermore, different concentrations of CSP could ameliorate the loss of bone structure and inhibit the formation of osteoclasts in rats. CSP inhibits osteoclastogenesis by regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK pathway and inhibiting the NF-kB pathway.
Climate-change habitat shifts for the vulnerable endemic oak species (Quercus arkansana Sarg.)
Authors: Subedi Suresh Chandra , Drake Seth , Adhikari Binaya , Coggeshall Mark V. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractQuercus arkansana (Arkansas oak) is at risk of becoming endangered, as the total known population size is represented by a few isolated populations. The potential impact of climate change on this species in the near future is high, yet knowledge of its predicted effects is limited. Our study utilized the biomod2 R package to develop habitat suitability ensemble models based on bioclimatic and topographic environmental variables and the known locations of current distribution of Q. arkansana. We predicted suitable habitats across three climate change scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) for 2050, 2070, and 2090. Our findings reveal that the current suitable habitat for Q. arkansana is approximately 127,881 km2 across seven states (Texas, Arkansas, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia, and Florida); approximately 9.5% is encompassed within state and federally managed protected areas. Our models predict that all current suitable habitats will disappear by 2050 due to climate change, resulting in a northward shift into new regions such as Tennessee and Kentucky. The large extent of suitable habitat outside protected areas suggests that a species-specific action plan incorporating protected areas and other areas may be crucial for its conservation. Moreover, protection of Q. arkansana habitat against climate change may require locally and regionally focused conservation policies, adaptive management strategies, and educational outreach among local people.
Effect of urgency level on prehospital emergency transport times: a natural experiment
Authors: Valentin Jan Brink , Hansen Nanna Høgh , Behrndtz Anne Brink , Væggemose Ulla , Gude Martin Faurholdt 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAccurate estimation of ambulance transport time from the scene of incident to arrival at the emergency department (ED) is important for effective resource management and emergency care system planning. Further, differences in transport times between different urgency levels highlight the benefits of ambulance transports with highest urgency level in a setting where ambulances are allowed to not follow standard traffic rules. The objective of the study is to compare ambulance urgency level on the differences in estimates of ambulance transport times generated by Google Maps and the observed transport times in a prehospital setting where emergency vehicles have their own traffic laws. The study was designed as a natural experiment and register study. Ambulance transports dispatched with different levels of urgency (Level A and B) were included in the Central Denmark Region (a mixed urban and rural area) from March 10 to June 11, 2021. Ambulance transports for highest urgency level were compared to lowest urgency level with Google Maps estimated transport times as reference. We analyzed 1981 highest urgency level and 8.958 lowest urgency level ambulance transports. Google Maps significantly overestimated the duration of transports operating at highest level of urgency (Level A) by 1.9 min/10 km (95% CI 1.8; 2.0) in average and 4.8 min/10 km (95% CI 3.9; 5.6) for the first driven 10 km. Contrary, Google Maps significantly underestimated the duration of transports operating at lowest level of urgency (Level B) by −1.8 min/10 km (95% CI −2.1; −1.5) in average and −4.4 min/10 km (95% CI −5.4; −3.5) for the first driven 10 km. Google Maps systematically overestimates transport times of ambulance transports driven with Level A, the highest level of urgency in a setting where ambulances are allowed to not follow standard traffic rules. The results highlight the benefit of using urgency Level A and provide valuable information for emergency care management.
Defining International Critical Care Pharmacist Contributions to Sepsis and Exploring Variability
Authors: Oakley Robert , Al-Mahdi Sarraa , Guntschnig Sonja , Trinh Ha , Custodio Marco , Korshid Sarah , Gous Andries , Lonsdale Dagan O. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To define international clinical pharmacist contributions to managing sepsis in critically unwell patients and explore variation.

Recent Findings
Clinical pharmacists improve clinical outcomes and cost efficiencies. They provide pharmaceutical advice on selection, administration, plus monitoring of antimicrobials and supportive therapies. Logistical activities reduce drug administration times. Guideline production, patient/clinician education, prescribing error identification, plus therapeutic optimisation activities are also reported.

Summary
A survey incorporating semi-structured interviews identified further antimicrobial stewardship, prescribing and digital contributions to optimise sepsis management. However, disparities associated with multidisciplinary team integration and intensive care unit service provision were found. Variability was attributed to multifaceted physical, social, financial, training and education themes. Findings empower collaborations between pharmacists and stakeholders to identify and overcome contribution barriers. Strategies to mitigate barriers and enhance sepsis contributions were envisaged by reported aspirations. These emphasised the importance of professional advocacy, interprofessional education and impactful implementation research.
Transient dynamics mask the resilience of coral reefs
Authors: Hock Karlo , Hastings Alan , Doropoulos Christopher , Babcock Russell C. , Ortiz Juan C. , Thompson Angus , Mumby Peter J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCoral reefs are model systems for studies of ecological resilience, with communities generally exhibiting multiple stable states and more resilient regions trending towards a single, coral-dominated, regime. We expand the theory of ecological resilience beyond the concepts of distinct stable states to integrate emerging ideas from transient dynamics as long-term intermediate states with no pronounced trend towards equilibria. We show that low coral abundance, together with stochastic larval supply and disturbance, can trap otherwise resilient reefs in a persistent intermediate state whose long-term outcome is difficult to predict. Common metrics, such as the ecosystem slowing down before crossing tipping points and using historical coral cover trends, may become unreliable predictors of future behaviour. Helping reefs out of transient states requires agile management that allows for short-term, targeted interventions after which natural ecological feedbacks can take over.
Concept of operations for the Neptune system mission Arcanum
Authors: McKevitt J.E. , Beegadhur S. , Ayin-Walsh L. , Dixon T. , Criscola F. , Patadia D. , Bulla S. , Galinzoga J. , Wadsworth B. , Bornberg C. , Sharma R. , Moore O. , Kent J. , Zaripova A. , Parkinson-Swift J. , Laad A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Arcanum mission is a proposed L-class mother-daughter spacecraft configuration for the Neptunian system, the mass and volume of which have been maximised to highlight the wide-ranging science the next generation of launch vehicles will enable. The spacecraft is designed to address a long-neglected but high-value region of the outer Solar System, showing that current advances make such a mission more feasible than ever before. This paper adds to a series on Arcanum and specifically provides progress on the study of areas identified as critical weaknesses by the 2013–2022 decadal survey and areas relevant to the recently published Voyage 2050 recommendations to the European Space Agency (ESA).
Slices of the Takagi function
Authors: ANTTILA ROOPE , BÁRÁNY BALÁZS , KÄENMÄKI ANTTI 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe show that the Hausdorff dimension of any slice of the graph of the Takagi function is bounded above by the Assouad dimension of the graph minus one, and that the bound is sharp. The result is deduced from a statement on more general self-affine sets, which is of independent interest. We also prove that Marstrand’s slicing theorem on the graph of the Takagi function extends to all slices if and only if the upper pointwise dimension of every projection of the length measure on the x-axis lifted to the graph is at least one.