bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A spatiotemporal evolution model of a short-circuit arc to a secondary arc based on the improved charge simulation method
Authors: CONG 丛 Haoxi 浩熹 , WANG 王 Yuxuan 宇轩 , QIAO 乔 Lipan 力盼 , SU 苏 Wenjing 文晶 , LI 李 Qingmin 庆民 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The initial shape of the secondary arc considerably influences its subsequent shape. To establish the model for the arcing time of the secondary arc and modify the single-phase reclosing sequence, theoretical and experimental analysis of the evolution process of the short-circuit arc to the secondary arc is critical. In this study, an improved charge simulation method was used to develop the internal-space electric-field model of the short-circuit arc. The intensity of the electric field was used as an independent variable to describe the initial shape of the secondary arc. A secondary arc evolution model was developed based on this model. Moreover, the accuracy of the model was evaluated by comparison with physical experimental results. When the secondary arc current increased, the arcing time and dispersion increased. There is an overall trend of increasing arc length with increasing arcing time. Nevertheless, there is a reduction in arc length during arc ignition due to short circuits between the arc columns. Furthermore, the arcing time decreased in the range of 0°–90° as the angle between the wind direction and the x-axis increased. This work investigated the method by which short-circuit arcs evolve into secondary arcs. The results can be used to develop the secondary arc evolution model and to provide both a technical and theoretical basis for secondary arc suppression.
Characteristics of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of liquid slag
Authors: DONG 董 Changyan 长言 , YU 于 Hongxia 洪霞 , SUN 孙 Lanxiang 兰香 , LI 李 Yang 洋 , LIU 刘 Xiuye 修业 , ZHOU 周 Ping 平 , HUANG 黄 Shaowen 少文 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rapid online analysis of liquid slag is essential for optimizing the quality and energy efficiency of steel production. To investigate the key factors that affect the online measurement of refined slag using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), this study examined the effects of slag composition and temperature on the intensity and stability of the LIBS spectra. The experimental temperature was controlled at three levels: 1350 °C, 1400 °C, and 1450 °C. The results showed that slag composition and temperature significantly affected the intensity and stability of the LIBS spectra. Increasing the Fe content and temperature in the slag reduces its viscosity, resulting in an enhanced intensity and stability of the LIBS spectra. Additionally, 42 refined slag samples were quantitatively analyzed for Fe, Si, Ca, Mg, Al, and Mn at 1350 °C, 1400 °C, and 1450 °C. The normalized full spectrum combined with partial least squares (PLS) quantification modeling was used, using the Ca II 317.91 nm spectral line as an internal standard. The results show that using the internal standard normalization method can significantly reduce the influence of spectral fluctuations. Meanwhile, a temperature of 1450 °C has been found to yield superior results compared to both 1350 °C and 1400 °C, and it is advantageous to conduct a quantitative analysis of the slag when it is in a “water-like” state with low viscosity.
Interannual variation in spring weather conditions as a driver of spring wildflower coverage: a 15-year perspective from an old-growth temperate forest
Authors: Jahn Lydia V , Carrino-Kyker Sarah R , Burke David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spring ephemerals are wildflowers found in temperate deciduous forests that typically display aboveground shoots for a period of 2 months or less. Early spring, before the canopy leaves out, marks the beginning of the aboveground growth period where ephemerals acquire nutrients and resources via aboveground tissues. Several studies have shown that spring ephemeral reproduction is affected by spring temperature, but few have looked at how weather conditions of the current and previous seasons, including precipitation and temperature, influence aboveground growth. Here, we examine the response of a spring ephemeral community in a temperate hardwood forest to weather conditions during their current and previous growing seasons. For 15 years we estimated percent cover of each species within our community. We highlighted five dominant spring ephemerals within this community: wild leek (Allium tricoccum), cutleaf toothwort (Cardamine concatenata), spring beauty (Claytonia virginica), squirrel corn (Dicentra canadensis) and trout lily (Erythronium americanum). We compared changes in cover on both a community and species level from 1 year to the next with average precipitation and temperature of the year of measurement as well as the year prior. We found precipitation and temperature influence a change in cover at the community and species level, but the strength of that influence varies by species. There were few significant correlations between plant cover in the current year and temperature and precipitation in the 30 days preceding measurement. However, we found significant correlations between plant cover and precipitation and temperature during the previous spring; precipitation and cover change were positively correlated, whereas temperature and cover change were negatively correlated. Overall, cooler, wetter springs lead to an increase in aboveground cover the next year. Learning how individual species within a forest plant community respond to weather conditions is a crucial part of understanding how plant communities will respond to climate change.
Effectiveness of icosapent ethyl on first and total cardiovascular events in patients with metabolic syndrome, but without diabetes: REDUCE-IT MetSyn
Authors: Miller Michael , Bhatt Deepak L , Brinton Eliot A , Jacobson Terry A , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Pineda Armando Lira , Ketchum Steven B , Doyle Ralph T , Tardif Jean-Claude , Ballantyne Christie M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is associated with high risk of cardiovascular (CV) events, irrespective of statin therapy. In the overall REDUCE-IT study of statin-treated patients, icosapent ethyl (IPE) reduced the risk of the primary composite endpoint (CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or unstable angina requiring hospitalization) and the key secondary composite endpoint (CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or non-fatal stroke).

Methods and results
REDUCE-IT was an international, double-blind trial that randomized 8179 high CV risk statin-treated patients with controlled LDL cholesterol and elevated triglycerides to IPE 4 g/day or placebo. The current study evaluated the pre-specified patient subgroup with a history of MetSyn, but without diabetes at baseline. Among patients with MetSyn but without diabetes at baseline (n = 2866), the majority (99.8%) of this subgroup was secondary prevention patients. Icosapent ethyl use was associated with a 29% relative risk reduction for the first occurrence of the primary composite endpoint [hazard ratio: 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59–0.84; P &lt; 0.0001, absolute risk reduction (ARR) = 5.9%; number needed to treat = 17] and a 41% reduction in total (first plus subsequent) events [rate ratio: 0.59; (95% CI: 0.48–0.72); P &lt; 0.0001] compared with placebo. The risk for the key secondary composite endpoint was reduced by 20% (P = 0.05) and a 27% reduction in fatal/non-fatal MI (P = 0.03), 47% reduction in urgent/emergent revascularization (P &lt; 0.0001), and 58% reduction in hospitalization for unstable angina (P &lt; 0.0001). Non-statistically significant reductions were observed in cardiac arrest (44%) and sudden cardiac death (34%).

Conclusion
In statin-treated patients with a history of MetSyn, IPE significantly reduced the risk of first and total CV events in REDUCE-IT. The large relative and ARRs observed supports IPE as a potential therapeutic consideration for patients with MetSyn at high CV risk.
Registration REDUCE-IT ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01492361
The Impact of COVID-19 on Health Anxiety and Perceived Stress Among Persons with IBD: A Population-representative Study
Authors: Shaffer Seth R , Jackson Gia L , Chochinov Sydney , Dolovich Casandra , Graff Lesley A , El-Gabalawy Renée , Yuh-Nan Shaw Souradet , Singh Harminder , Bernstein Charles N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
The Corona Virus Immune Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has broadly impacted the mental health of individuals worldwide, especially with restrictions including social distancing and quarantining. Persons with IBD are at increased risk of mental health disorders. The aim was to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic affected adults with a chronic health issue, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), using a population-based sample.

Methods
A survey study in Manitoba was conducted during the second COVID-19 wave in autumn 2020. We assessed proportions of health anxiety and perceived stress using validated measures, as well as stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess predictors of perceived stress and health anxiety.

Results
A total of 1,384 (47.1%) persons responded, with a mean age of 58.0, and 46.9% had Crohn’s disease. Almost three quarters (73.7%) had increased stress, with 37.7% having increased stress about their IBD, and 33.6% worried about their IBD worsening. 46.0% felt increased stress about accessing their doctor or nurse, and 56.5% felt they had good access to their gastroenterologist. Elevated stress and health anxiety were seen in 63.5% and 17.2% of respondents, respectively. Younger age and being on immune-modifying therapy (IMT) was predictive of increased health anxiety and stress. Longer IBD duration was associated with decreased stress, including those on IMT.

Conclusion
Persons with IBD reported high rates of stress and health anxiety early in the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among those on IMT. It will be important to determine how this evolved over time and to what extent this impacted on disease course.
Vitamin C derivative/AA2P promotes erythroid differentiation by upregulating CA1
Authors: Tan Xiaoyu , Li Meng , Liang Yue , Ruan Xiuyan , Zhang Zhaojun , Fang Xiangdong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Vitamin C is used to treat anaemia; however, the mechanism through which vitamin C promotes erythroid differentiation is not comprehensively understood. The in vitro erythroid differentiation induction system can reveal the differentiation mechanism and provide erythrocytes for clinical transfusion and anaemia treatment. This process can be promoted by adding small-molecule compounds. In this study, we added l-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate sesquimagnesium salt hydrate (AA2P), a derivative of vitamin C, to an erythroid differentiation system induced from umbilical cord blood haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in vitro and detected its effect on erythroid differentiation using single-cell transcription sequencing technology combined with non-targeted metabolism detection. AA2P increased the proportion of late basophilic erythroblasts, upregulating the expression of erythroid-related regulatory molecules GATA1, KLF1, ALAS2, and the globins HBG and HBB. CA1 is a target gene of AA2P, and CA1 knockdown affected the expression of globin-related genes. AA2P also increased glycolysis and decreased oxidative phosphorylation to facilitate terminal erythroid differentiation and enhanced the proliferation of early erythroid progenitors by altering the cell cycle. These results provide a reliable basis for using vitamin C to improve the efficiency of erythropoiesis in vitro and for the clinical treatment of anaemia.
Preliminary investigation of organ-protective effects of fullerenol in vivo in acute toxicity during doxorubicin therapy in healthy pigs
Authors: Injac Rade , Djordjevic Aleksandar , Strukelj Borut 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The potential protective effect of fullerenol [C60(OH)24, Frl], a strong antioxidant, was investigated at a single dose of 25 mg/kg, administered orally (per os; p.o.) and intraperitoneally (i.p.), in the liver, lung, kidney, heart and spleen of healthy pigs, prior to doxorubicin (Dox)-induced toxicity at a single i.p. dose of 10 mg/kg.

Methods
We used the F1 generation of an in-vivo pig model (whose parents were Swedish Landrace and Large Yorkshire) to explore whether Frl, administered 6 h for p.o. and 30 min for i.p. prior to Dox treatment, could protect organs against damage caused by oxidative stress.

Key findings
According to the macroscopic, haematological, biochemical and physiological results, Frl exerted a potential protective effect on all investigated organs (heart, liver, lung, spleen and kidney) in pigs after i.p. administration. However, the results from Frl p.o. administration were inconclusive, therefore warranting further investigation.

Conclusions
Frl at a low dose of 25 mg/kg demonstrated satisfactory organ protection against Dox-induced toxicity in healthy pigs after i.p. injection, However, additional follow-up studies in pig models of cancer and with longer Dox and Frl treatment periods would be required to further delineate the optimal and clinically relevant conditions for Frl administration.
Case Report of Gas Gangrene after Reconstructive Surgery with Anterolateral Thigh Flap for Resection of Oral Cancer
Authors: Escandón Lauren , Matsui Chihiro , Tanaka Takakuni , Nishimura Takayoshi , Imai Takumi , Mizuno Hiroshi 
Published: November 2023

Summary:
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) type I is an acute subcutaneous tissue infection that can promptly disseminate generating crepitus. If not accurately diagnosed and expeditiously treated, it becomes a life-threatening infection. In this report, we present a 65-year-old man who developed a case of NF after a hemiglossectomy resecting a tumor in the dorsal surface of the tongue. A biopsy was performed, and he was pathologically diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (T2N1M0). The patient underwent preoperative oral cleaning. Right hemiglossectomy was performed by cervical dissection, pull-through style, with tooth removal on the right mandible and a left anterolateral femoral flap reconstruction. Routine intraoperative lavage was performed with 2000 mL of saline solution. Cefazolin 1gr was administered two times per day postoperatively. Four days after primary surgery, the flap circulation was inadequate; therefore, a computed tomography scan was taken, which indicated gas in the ventral neck area. Tooth extraction was the suspected etiology. Debridement was performed; the abscess was drained and cultured, indicating the presence of Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Escherichia coli. It seems that the abscess was not formed by NF, but rather by leachate reservoir associated with the head and neck tumor. After debridement, re-reconstruction was performed with a deltopectoral flap and pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. When NF is present after a neck dissection, there is a risk of disruption due to the direct invasion and inflammation into the carotid artery. Therefore, it is important to provide adequate oral cleaning care before the surgery and early suspicion of the diagnosis.
Characteristic processes of human evolution caused the Anthropocene and may obstruct its global solutions
Authors: Waring Timothy M. , Wood Zachary T. , Szathmáry Eörs 
Published: November 2023

We propose that the global environmental crises of the Anthropocene are the outcome of a ratcheting process in long-term human evolution which has favoured groups of increased size and greater environmental exploitation. To explore this hypothesis, we review the changes in the human ecological niche. Evidence indicates the growth of the human niche has been facilitated by group-level cultural traits for environmental control. Following this logic, sustaining the biosphere under intense human use will probably require global cultural traits, including legal and technical systems. We investigate the conditions for the evolution of global cultural traits. We estimate that our species does not exhibit adequate population structure to evolve these traits. Our analysis suggests that characteristic patterns of human group-level cultural evolution created the Anthropocene and will work against global collective solutions to the environmental challenges it poses. We illustrate the implications of this theory with alternative evolutionary paths for humanity. We conclude that our species must alter longstanding patterns of cultural evolution to avoid environmental disaster and escalating between-group competition. We propose an applied research and policy programme with the goal of avoiding these outcomes.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolution and sustainability: gathering the strands for an Anthropocene synthesis’.
A content-based metric for social media influencer marketing
Authors: Chang Sue-Ting , Wu Jia-Jhou 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe study aims to propose an instrument for measuring product-centeredness (i.e. the extent to which comment content is related to a product) using word embedding techniques as well as explore its determinants.Design/methodology/approachThe study collected branded posts from 205 Instagram influencers and empirically examined how four factors (i.e. authenticity, vividness, coolness and influencer–product congruence) influence the content of the comments on branded posts.FindingsPost authenticity and congruence are shown to have positive effects on product-centeredness. The interaction between coolness and authenticity is also significant. The number of comments or likes on branded posts is not correlated with product-centeredness.Originality/valueIn social media influencer marketing, volume-based metrics such as the numbers of likes and comments have been researched and applied extensively. However, content-based metrics are urgently needed, as fans may ignore brands and focus on influencers. The proposed instrument for assessing comment content enables marketers to construct content-based metrics. Additionally, the authors' findings enhance the understanding of social media users' engagement behaviors.
Modeling the enablers of AACSB implementation in business schools: ISM-Fuzzy MICMAC analysis
Authors: Kundu Goutam Kumar , Moovendhan M.V. , Wankhade Nilesh G. 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe study aims to explore and classify the key enablers of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) implementation in business schools.Design/methodology/approachBy applying the Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) approach, it builds a hierarchical model of the identified enablers of AACSB implementation. Additionally, the Fuzzy Matriced Impacts Croises-Multiplication Applique and Classement (FMICMAC) technique is used to classify and determine the influence of these enablers on the implementation of AACSB accreditation.FindingsThe paper presents an ISM model of the identified enablers and draws managerial insight from it. Categorization of the key enablers into four groups helps in understanding the relative influence of each group of enablers on the AACSB implementation in business schools.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed model of the key enablers will help business schools that are pursuing AACSB accreditation prioritize the enablers. As the study has considered experts' opinions to establish the model, some amount of bias cannot be discounted.Originality/valueThe development of the ISM model of the key enablers of AACSB implementation in business schools is a unique attempt. The findings will help business schools focus on the key enablers that influence implementation of AACSB standards.
The strategic role of R&D outsourcing practices and partners in the relationship between product modularization and new product development efficiency
Authors: Wang Xiaozhen , Lee Hanna , Park Kihyun , Lee Gukseong 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe study aims to explore the conditional relationships between product modularization and new product development (NPD) efficiency. It is postulated that R&D outsourcing plays an important mediating role. Furthermore, the level of competency trust is considered an essential factor in moderating the indirect effect of product modularization on NPD efficiency via R&D outsourcing practices.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on transaction cost economics theory, this study suggests a moderated mediation model that addresses how product modularization effectively promotes NPD efficiency via outsourcing practices. The hierarchical regression and PROCESS macro model were conducted to test the hypotheses based on survey data from 273 manufacturing firms in China.FindingsProduct modularization enhances NPD efficiency directly and indirectly through the external collaboration of R&D outsourcing. Furthermore, the role of product modularization in R&D outsourcing practices is more effective when the competency trust in R&D outsourcing partners is high.Originality/valueBy showing the critical role of external collaboration, this study provides valuable insights into how manufacturing firms utilize product modularization to achieve desired NPD performance more effectively.
The effect of customer-base concentration on the relationship between patents and financial performance
Authors: Kunieda Yosuke , Takashima Katsuyoshi 
Published: November 2023

PurposePrior research has produced conflicting results on the relationship between firm-level patenting activity and financial performance. To identify a factor that impacts the results, this study tests whether the level of customer-base concentration (defined as focusing on a small number of major customer sales transactions) changes the relationship between firm-level patenting activity and financial performance (return on assets: ROA).Design/methodology/approachUsing a longitudinal secondary dataset from Japanese manufacturers from 1991 to 2016, this study investigates the interaction effect between firm-level patenting activity and customer-base concentration. With additional analysis using multiple profitability measures, this study provides robust evidence that customer-base concentration is an important factor in changing the relationship between firm-level patenting activity and financial performance.FindingsThe analysis results show that there is a positive relationship between firm-level patenting activity and ROA. In addition, this relationship is positively moderated by the customer-base concentration. This means that suppliers can improve the performance of the patenting activity by concentrating on their customer base.Originality/valueBy identifying a moderating factor between patenting activity and financial performance, this study advances the interpretation of conflicting results in patent research. Moreover, this study reveals a situation where customer-base concentration, which has a direct negative impact on financial performance, leads to better financial performance. This also indicates that firm-level patenting activities may compensate for the negative aspects of customer-base concentration.
Early Patent Disclosure and R&D Investment in Family Firms
Authors: Hussinger Katrin , Issah Wunnam Basit 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper shows that the American Inventor's Protection Act, which introduced the disclosure of patent applications after 18 months, that is, before a grant decision is taken and, hence, before it is known whether the respective technology will receive legal protection, is associated with a reduction of family firms’ research and development (R&D) investment. This suggests that early disclosure of patent applications is perceived as a threat to family firms’ innovation activity and discourages their R&D investment. This finding deserves our attention because family firms account for a large share of the US economy, and a reduction in their R&D investment can have long‐term consequences.