bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Simple Skull Radiographs in Orbital Correlations in Nigeria
Authors: Bello Abubakar , Danjuma Usman Jibrin 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Anthropometric measurements have been carried out in many studies to segregate people into races, ethnicity and various biological traits in the past. Such studies include cephalometry being deployed because of its significance in forensic and clinical evaluations of individuals. The objective of this study is to determine the correlation between the shape types of the orbit with different age groups and their prevalence using simple skull X-rays.
Materials and Methods: Plain X-rays of the skull with posteroanterior exposures were obtained for a retrospective period of 5-year period from 2004 to 2009. The selected radiographs were those based on clear recognition of their orbital margins assessed by 2 experienced Radiologist who determined the shapes of the orbits as being oval, circular or quadrangular. Out of total of five hundred (500) plain X-rays of the skull obtained, only 255 satisfied the inclusion criteria.
The data was analyzed statistically using INSTAT software to compare the mean values in relation to age distribution of the subjects with the Student’s T-Test. Chi-Square (with Yates correction) was used for the comparison of proportions.
Results: In the first 30 years of postnatal life, the oval shape orbit had been found to be more predominant with values of 22(64.7%), 17(30.9%), and 27(38.0%) respectively. As from the age of 30 to 70 years, the circular type had values of 16(34.0%), 8(33.3%), and 8(61.5%) respectively in each of the decades. Between the age of 60 to 70 years, the oval and circular types had equal prevalences.
Conclusions: In addition to the known oval and quadrangular (triangular) types of orbital shape, this study revealed a 3rd type of orbit which we described as circular in shaped. The oval type of orbit is found to be more common from birth to age of 30 years but from but from 40 to 70 years the circular type predominates.
Video Tutorials to Empower Caregivers of Ill Children and Reduce Health Care Utilization
Authors: Borch-Johnsen Liv , Gren Caroline , Lund Stine , Folke Fredrik , Schrøder Morten , Frederiksen Marianne Sjølin , Lippert Freddy , Ersbøll Annette Kjær , Greisen Gorm , Cortes Dina 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceYoung children often fall ill, leading to concern among their caregivers and urgent contact with health care services.ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness and safety of video tutorials to empower caregivers in caring for acutely ill children.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCaregivers calling the out-of-hours Medical Helpline 1813 (MH1813), Emergency Medical Services Capital Region, Denmark, and their children aged 0.5 to 11.9 years were randomized to video tutorials (intervention) or telephone triage by a nurse or physician (control) from October 2020 to December 2021 and followed up for 72 hours blinded to the intervention. Data were analyzed from March to July 2022.InterventionThe intervention group had the call disconnected before telephone triage and received video tutorials on managing common symptoms in acutely ill children and when to seek medical help. Caregivers could subsequently call MH1813 for telephone triage.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was caregivers’ self-efficacy, reported in an electronic survey the following day. Secondary outcomes were satisfaction, child status, assessment by a general practitioner or physician at the hospital, telephone triage, and adverse events during the 72-hour follow-up period.ResultsIn total, 4686 caregivers and children were randomized to intervention (2307 participants) or control (2379 participants), with a median (IQR) child age of 2.3 (1.3-5.1) years and 53% male distribution in both groups (2493 participants). Significantly more caregivers in the intervention group reported high self-efficacy (80% vs 76%; crude odds ratio [OR], 1.30; 95% CI, 1.01-1.67; P = .04). The intervention group received fewer telephone triages during follow-up (887 vs 2374 in the control group). Intention-to-treat analysis showed no difference in secondary outcomes, but per-protocol subanalysis showed fewer hospital assessments when caregivers watched video tutorials (27% vs 35%; adjusted OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.55-0.82). Randomization to video tutorials did not increase adverse outcomes.Conclusions and relevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, offering caregivers video tutorials significantly and safely increased self-efficacy and reduced use of telephone triage. Children had fewer hospital assessments when caregivers watched videos. This suggests a future potential of health care information to empower caregivers and reduce health care utilization.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04301206
Practical challenges in data‐driven interpolation: Dealing with noise, enforcing stability, and computing realizations
Authors: Aumann Quirin , Gosea Ion Victor 
Published: October 2023

SummaryIn this contribution, we propose a detailed study of interpolation‐based data‐driven methods that are of relevance in the model reduction and also in the systems and control communities. The data are given by samples of the transfer function of the underlying (unknown) model, that is, we analyze frequency‐response data. We also propose novel approaches that combine some of the main attributes of the established methods, for addressing particular issues. This includes placing poles and hence, enforcing stability of reduced‐order models, robustness to noisy or perturbed data, and switching from different rational function representations. We mention here the classical state‐space format and also various barycentric representations of the fitted rational interpolants. We show that the newly‐developed approaches yield, in some cases, superior numerical results, when comparing to the established methods. The numerical results include a thorough analysis of various aspects related to approximation errors, choice of interpolation points, or placing dominant poles, which are tested on some benchmark models and data‐sets.
Biohybrid Magnetically Driven Microrobots for Sustainable Removal of Micro/Nanoplastics from the Aquatic Environment
Authors: Peng Xia , Urso Mario , Kolackova Martina , Huska Dalibor , Pumera Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe proliferation of micro/nanoplastics derived from the fragmentation of plastic waste released in the environment represents an increasingly alarming issue with adverse implications for aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Conventional approaches for mitigating such contamination are inadequate in removing plastic fragments with exceptionally tiny sizes. Therefore, it is highly urgent to develop efficient strategies to address the threats posed by micro/nanoplastics. Here, biohybrid microrobots, integrating the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, are investigated for the dynamic removal of micro/nanoplastics from various aquatic environments via high‐precision magnetic actuation and reliable electrostatic interactions. After the surface decoration with Fe3O4 nanoparticles, algae cells can achieve precise locomotion and wireless manipulation by regulating an external magnetic field. Taking advantage of this active movement, magnetic algae robots (MARs) display considerable capture and removal efficiencies for micro/nanoplastics in water with extensive application scenarios. The reusability of MARs is also investigated, proving great recyclable performance. The growth and cell viability experiments elucidate that the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles may result in hormesis stimulation of algae growth. Such recyclable microrobots with eco‐friendly and low‐cost characteristics offer an attractive strategy for sustainably tackling micro/nanoplastics pollution.
Deposition Mode Design of Li2S: Transmitted Orbital Overlap Strategy in Highly Stable Lithium‐Sulfur Battery
Authors: Tian Shuhao , Liu Guo , Xu Shengxin , Han Cong , Tao Kun , Huang Juanjuan , Peng Shanglong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSerious lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) shuttle effect and slow kinetic process lead to poor cycle performance and low working efficiency of lithium‐sulfur battery (Li‐S battery), which limits its commercialization. In this paper, a composite frame with transmitted orbital overlap is proposed as the functionalized separator of Li‐S battery (MX@WSSe/PP). It consists of WSSe nanosheets and MXenes nanosheets (MX). The experiments and theoretical calculations both show that MX@WSSe/PP can not only inhibit the LiPSs shuttle effect to realize the effective utilization of cathode materials, but also enhance the overall reversibility and reaction kinetics of the device by transforming the 2D deposition mode of Li2S into 3D mode. The transformation of Li2S deposition mode comes from the changed local charge density on MX@WSSe composite surface, which regulates the filling state of electron orbits and affects the orbital overlap between different atoms. This effect can even be transmitted to Li2S molecules far from the surface of MX@WSSe. The capacity decay per cycle of Li‐S battery with MX@WSSe/PP is only 0.016% in 1000 cycles at 2 C. Also, a high area capacity of 9.39 mAh cm−2 is achieved at high sulfur loading (10.2 mg cm−2) and low electrolyte/sulfur ratio (7.5 µL mg−1).
Active Site Tailoring of Ni‐Based Coordination Polymers for High‐Efficiency Dual‐Functional HER and UOR Catalysis
Authors: Liu Mengying , Zou Wenhong , Qiu Silong , Su Nan , Cong Jing , Hou Linxi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNi‐based electrocatalysts are regarded as highly promising ones for urea‐assisted electrolytic water hydrogen production technology. However, during the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) process, their activity is significantly constrained by the unavoidable Ni species self‐oxidation reaction, and the harmful liquid‐phase products (NOx−) generated from over‐oxidize urea are also often neglected. Herein, A self‐supported W‐doped Ni‐C3S3N3‐based coordination polymer electrode (W‐NT@NF) with tailored Ni3+ active sites using ligand anchoring and high‐valence metal doping strategies is synthesized, which is certified that this pyrolysis‐free catalyst achieves dual‐functional hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and UOR performance comparable to reported noble metal/non‐noble metal catalysts, both achieving high current densities approaching 1000 mA cm−2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, combined with spectroscopic characterizations that record the dynamic evolution of the catalyst during UOR and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) processes, reveal that the novel and energetically favorable UOR pathway is proposed, which initiates directly by the Ni3+ sites without self‐oxidation and involve the participation of the reconstructed NiOOH species resulting from OER. A combination of in‐line gas chromatography, and ion chromatography analysis indicates that the Faradaic efficiency (FE) of N2 is higher (34%) at lower current densities (<100 mA cm−2), and the FE of NOx− remains below 20% in long‐term electrolysis.
Light Sheet‐Based Laser Patterning Bioprinting Produces Long‐Term Viable Full‐Thickness Skin Constructs
Authors: Hafa Levin , Breideband Louise , Ramirez Posada Lucas , Torras Núria , Martinez Elena , Stelzer Ernst H.K. , Pampaloni Francesco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTissue engineering holds great promise for biomedical research and healthcare, offering alternatives to animal models and enabling tissue regeneration and organ transplantation. 3D bioprinting stands out for its design flexibility and reproducibility. Here, an integrated fluorescent light sheet bioprinting and imaging system is presented that combines high printing speed (0.66 mm3/s) and resolution (9 µm) with light sheet‐based imaging. This approach employs direct laser patterning and a static light sheet for confined voxel crosslinking in photocrosslinkable materials. The developed bioprinter enables real‐time monitoring of hydrogel crosslinking using fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and brightfield imaging as well as in situ light sheet imaging of cells. Human fibroblasts encapsulated in a thiol‐ene click chemistry‐based hydrogel exhibited high viability (83% ± 4.34%) and functionality. Furthermore, full‐thickness skin constructs displayed characteristics of both epidermal and dermal layers and remained viable for 41 days. The integrated approach demonstrates the capabilities of light sheet bioprinting, offering high speed, resolution, and real‐time characterization. Future enhancements involving solid‐state laser scanning devices such as acousto‐optic deflectors and modulators will further enhance resolution and speed, opening new opportunities in light‐based bioprinting and advancing tissue engineering.
Unlocking the Power of Multicatalytic Synergistic Transformation: toward Environmentally Adaptable Organohydrogel
Authors: Afewerki Samson , Edlund Ulrica 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA sustainable and efficient multicatalytic chemical transformation approach is devised for the development of all‐biobased environmentally adaptable polymers and gels with multifunctional properties. The catalytic system, utilizing Lignin aluminum nanoparticles (AlNPs)‐aluminum ions (Al3+), synergistically combines multiple catalytic cycles to create robust, mechanically stable, and versatile organohydrogels. Single catalytic cycles alone fail to achieve desired results, highlighting the importance of cooperatively combining different cycles for successful outcomes. The transformation involves free radical crosslinking, reversible quinone‐catechol reactions, and an autocatalytic mechanism, resulting in a dual crosslinking strategy that incorporates both covalent and ionic crosslinking. This approach creates a dynamic gel system with combined energy dissipation and storage mechanisms. The engineered organohydrogels demonstrate vital multifunctionalities such as good thermal stability, self‐healing, and adhesive properties, flame‐retardancy, mechanical resilience and durability, conductivity, viscoelastic properties, environmental adaptability, and resistance to extreme conditions such as freezing and drying. The developed catalytic technology and resulting gels hold significant potential for applications in flexible electronics, energy storage, actuators, and sensors.
Pseudomorphic Synthesis of Monodisperse Afterglow Carbon Dot‐Doped SiO2 Microparticles for Photonic Crystals
Authors: Chen Xue , Wang Yu , Peng Chenxi , Hu Wenbo , Wu Zhongbin , Xu Weidong , Wu Suli , Luo Zhi , Suh Yung Doug , Atabaev Timur Sh. , Li Xiyan , Liu Xiaowang , Huang Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSynthesizing monodisperse afterglow microparticles (MPs) is crucial for creating photonic crystal (PC) platforms with multiple optical states for optoelectronics. However, achieving high uniformity in both size and morphology is challenging for inorganic afterglow MPs using conventional methods. In this contribution, a novel approach for the synthesis of carbon dot (CD)‐doped SiO2 MPs with tunable afterglow properties and size distributions is reported. These mechanism studies suggest that the pseudomorphic transformation of SiO2 MPs enables CD doping, providing a hydrogen bond‐enriched environment for triplet state stabilization, which generates green afterglow while retaining the uniformity in size and morphology of the parent SiO2 MPs. Furthermore, the utility of CD‐doped SiO2 MPs in the fabrication of rationally designed PC patterns is shown using a combined consecutive dip‐coating and laser‐assisted etching strategy. The pattern displays multiple optical responses under different lighting conditions, including angle‐dependent structural colors and blue luminescence under daylight and upon 365‐nm irradiation, respectively, as well as time‐dependent green afterglow after ceasing UV excitation. The findings pave the way for further controlling the dynamics of spontaneous emissions by PCs to enable complicated optical states for advanced photonics.
Crystallization Control Based on the Regulation of Solvent–Perovskite Coordination for High‐Performance Ambient Printable FAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Du Yachao , Tian Qingwen , Wang Shiqiang , Yin Lei , Ma Chuang , Wang Zhiteng , Lang Lei , Yang Yingguo , Zhao Kui , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe critical requirement for ambient‐printed formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) lies in the control of nucleation–growth kinetics and defect formation behavior, which are extensively influenced by interactions between the solvent and perovskite. Here, a strategy is developed that combines a cosolvent and an additive to efficiently tailor the coordination between the solvent and perovskite. Through in situ characterizations, the direct crystallization from the sol–gel phase to α‐FAPbI3 is illustrated. When the solvent exhibits strong interactions with the perovskite, the sol–gel phases cannot effectively transform into α‐FAPbI3, resulting in a lower nucleation rate and confined crystal growth directions. Consequently, it becomes challenging to fabricate high‐quality void‐free perovskite films. Conversely, weaker solvent–perovskite coordination promotes direct crystallization from sol–gel phases to α‐FAPbI3. This process exhibits more balanced nucleation–growth kinetics and restrains the formation of defects and microstrains in situ. This strategy leads to improved structural and optoelectronic properties within the FAPbI3 films, characterized by more compact grain stacking, smoother surface morphology, released lattice strain, and fewer defects. The ambient‐printed FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells fabricated using this strategy exhibit a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 24%, with significantly reduced efficiency deviation and negligible decreases in the stabilized output.
Visible Light‐Sensitive Artificial Photonic Synapse
Authors: Jeong Bum Ho , Park Jaehee , Kim Dohyung , Lee Jongmin , Jung In Hwan , Park Hui Joon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractComputing based on artificial neuron networks holds great promise in overcoming the von Neumann bottleneck and significantly enhancing computing efficiency. It offers a wide range of possibilities for artificial visual system applications. Photonic synapses, as essential components, can contribute to improved efficiency in visual information processing by leveraging their low latency, high propagation speed, and broad bandwidth capabilities. Herein, a photonic transistor capable of detecting visible light and exhibiting synaptic characteristics under various visible stimuli is presented. This is achieved by integrating a photo‐sensitive polymer as a floating gate charge trapping medium. The synaptic device successfully emulates fundamental synaptic behaviors such as excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), pair‐pulse facilitation, the transition of short‐term memory to long‐term memory, and learning and forgetting processes. Furthermore, leveraging the ESPC responses, the informative synaptic outputs modulated by light signals enable a non‐contact writing method, paving the way for advancements in optical wireless communication. It is believed that this work serves as a promising building block to complete the bio‐inspired photonic computing paradigm.
How to Achieve Excellent Luminescence Properties of Cr Ion‐Doped Near‐Infrared Phosphors
Authors: Wei Guohui , Li Panlai , Li Rui , Wang Ye , He Shaoxuan , Li Jiehong , Shi Yawei , Suo Hao , Yang Yuanbo , Wang Zhijun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTransition metal chromium (Cr) ion‐doped inorganic materials exhibit distinct tunable broadband near‐infrared luminescence, and they have promising applications including nondestructive composition analysis, night vision, biomedicine, plant illumination, and afterglow anticounterfeiting. Currently, the most critical issue is to optimize their full width at half maxima, thermal stability, and internal/external quantum efficiency. This review systematically summarizes strategies to effectively improve the photoluminescence performance of near‐infrared‐emitting materials with transition metal chromium ions. Key examples of the design and preparation of Cr ion‐doped luminescence with different transition modes, a detailed discussion of strategies to effectively improve the photoluminescence properties of near‐infrared luminescent materials, and a summary of generic strategies to help explore novel and efficient Cr‐doped phosphor materials are provided. Next, the latest developments and trends in these Cr ion‐doped phosphor materials are presented for a variety of application scenarios. Finally, future research directions and new challenges faced are also discussed.
A HER2‐targeted Antibody‐Drug Conjugate, RC48‐ADC, Exerted Promising Antitumor Efficacy and Safety with Intravesical Instillation in Preclinical Models of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Hong Xuwei , Chen Xu , Wang Hongjin , Xu Qingchun , Xiao Kanghua , Zhang Yuanfeng , Chi Zepai , Liu Yeqing , Liu Guangyao , Li Hong , Fang Jianmin , Lin Tianxin , Zhang Yonghai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMore than half of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients eventually relapse even if treated with surgery and BCG without optional bladder‐preserving therapy. This study aims to investigate the antitumor activity and safety of a HER2‐targeted antibody‐drug conjugate, RC48‐ADC, intravesical instillation for NMIBC treatment. In this preclinical study, it is revealed that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression scores of 1+, 2+, and 3+ are recorded for 16.7%, 56.2%, and 14.6% of NMIBC cases. The antitumor effect of RC48‐ADC is positively correlated with HER2 expression in bladder cancer (BCa) cell lines and organoid models. Furthermore, RC48‐ADC is revealed to exert its antitumor effect by inducing G2/M arrest and caspase‐dependent apoptosis. In an orthotopic BCa model, tumor growth is significantly inhibited by intravesical instillation of RC48‐ADC versus disitamab, monomethyl auristatin E, epirubicin, or phosphate‐buffered saline control. The potential toxicity of intravesical RC48‐ADC is also assessed by dose escalation in normal nude mice and revealed that administration of RC48‐ADC by intravesical instillation is safe within the range of effective therapeutic doses. Taken together, RC48‐ADC demonstrates promising antitumor effects and safety with intravesical administration in multiple preclinical models. These findings provide a rational for clinical trials of intravesical RC48‐ADC in NMIBC patients.
cGAS‐STING Pathway Activation and Systemic Anti‐Tumor Immunity Induction via Photodynamic Nanoparticles with Potent Toxic Platinum DNA Intercalator Against Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Tao Hui , Tan Jia , Zhang Hanchen , Ren Hong , Cai Ziyi , Liu Hanhan , Wen Bingyu , Du Jiaqi , Li Gaoyang , Chen Shijie , Xiao Haihua , Deng Zhihong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe cGAS‐STING pathway, as a vital innate immune signaling pathway, has attracted considerable attention in tumor immunotherapy research. However, STING agonists are generally incapable of targeting tumors, thus limiting their clinical applications. Here, a photodynamic polymer (P1) is designed to electrostatically couple with 56MESS–a cationic platinum (II) agent–to form NPPDT‐56MESS. The accumulation of NPPDT‐56MESS in the tumors increases the efficacy and decreases the systemic toxicity of the drugs. Moreover, NPPDT‐56MESS generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) under the excitation with an 808 nm laser, which then results in the disintegration of NPPDT‐56MESS. Indeed, the ROS and 56MESS act synergistically to damage DNA and mitochondria, leading to a surge of cytoplasmic double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA). This way, the cGAS‐STING pathway is activated to induce anti‐tumor immune responses and ultimately enhance anti‐cancer activity. Additionally, the administration of NPPDT‐56MESS to mice induces an immune memory effect, thus improving the survival rate of mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that NPPDT‐56MESS functions as a chemotherapeutic agent and cGAS‐STING pathway agonist, representing a combination chemotherapy and immunotherapy strategy that provides novel modalities for the treatment of uveal melanoma.