bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To be a transit link: Similarity in the structure of colonial system of integration and communication pores in autozooids and avicularia of Terminoflustra membranaceotruncata (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata)
Authors: Shunatova Natalia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBryozoan colonies consist of zooids, which can differ in structure and function. Most heteromorphic zooids are unable to feed and autozooids supply them with nutrients. The structure of the tissues providing nutrient transfer is poorly investigated. Here, I present a detailed description of the colonial system of integration (CSI) and communication pores in autozooids and avicularia of the cheilosome bryozoan Terminoflustra membranaceotruncata. The CSI is the nutrient transport and distribution system in the colony. In both autozooids and avicularia it consists of a single cell type, that is, elongated cells, and has a variable branching pattern, except for the presence of a peripheral cord. The general similarity in the CSI structure in avicularia and autozooids is probably due to the interzooidal type of the avicularium. Interzooidal avicularia are likely to consume only a part of the nutrients delivered to them by the CSI, and they transit the rest of the nutrients further. The variability and irregularity of branching pattern of the CSI may be explained by the presence of single communication pores and their varying number. The structure of communication pores is similar regardless of their location (in the transverse or lateral wall) and the type of zooid in contact. Rosette complexes include a cincture cell, a few special cells, and a few limiting cells. Along each zooidal wall, there are communication pores with both unidirectional and bidirectional polarity of special cells. However, the total number of nucleus‐containing lobes of special cells is approximately the same on each side of any zooidal wall. Supposing the polarity of special cells reflects the direction of nutrient transport, the pattern of special cells polarity is probably related to the need for bidirectional transport through each zooidal wall. The possibility for such transport is important in large perennial colonies with wide zones of autozooids undergoing polypide degeneration.
Influence of sidewall retention and interference fit in total ankle replacement on implant‐bone micromotion: A finite element study
Authors: Johnson Joshua E. , Clarke Gabriel A. , de Cesar Netto Cesar , Anderson Donald D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe success of uncemented total ankle replacement (TAR) is linked to initial stability because bony ingrowth depends upon limited early micromotion. Tibial implant design fixation features resist micromotion aided by bony sidewall retention and interference fit. Our goal was to investigate factors influencing implant‐bone micromotion in TAR. Two TAR tibial components were virtually inserted into CT‐derived computer models of two distal tibias from patients with end‐stage ankle arthritis. Density‐based inhomogeneous material assignment was used to model bone compaction during press‐fit. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to simulate three fixation cases: (1) no sidewalls + line‐to‐line fit, (2) sidewalls + line‐to‐line fit, and (3) sidewalls + 50, 100, or 200 µm interference fit. Kinetic profiles from the stance phase of gait were simulated and micromotions computed from FEA output. Without sidewalls or interference fit, micromotions were largest in early and late stance, with largest micromotions (averaging ~150–250 µm) observed near heel strike. Micromotions decreased 39%–62% when sidewalls were retained. When interference fit was also modeled, micromotions decreased another 37%–61% to ~10 µm. Micromotion differences between patients persisted with sidewall retention but largely disappeared with interference fit. This study presents new insights into the effects of TAR fixation features on implant‐bone micromotion. Stability appeared to be influenced by surrounding bone quality, but this influence was greatly diminished when interference fit was introduced. More complete understanding of TAR implant features and performance is needed, but our results show the importance of bone quality and interference fit in the stability of uncemented TAR.
From oligotrophy to dystrophy: the ontogeny of a humic lake in an extrazonal boreal taiga in Central Europe
Authors: Bitušík Peter , Chamutiová Tímea , Vidhya Marina , Horáčková Šárka , Pipík Radovan , Starek Dušan , Milovský Rastislav , Žatková Lucia , Hamerlík Ladislav 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTWhile humic lakes are common in northern Europe, in central Europe they are rare and our understanding of their ontogeny is insufficient. Here, we present the reconstruction of the development of a humic lake in the Tatra Mountains (Slovakia) over the last 8000 years using chironomids along with diatoms, pollen and non‐pollen palynomorphs. The compositional changes in aquatic proxies suggest three developmental stages. Since its formation the lake has been oligotrophic (phase 1), and its chemistry was controlled by subsurface waters rich in base cations buffering the effect of acid humic substances from forest and peat that were already present in the catchment. The beginning of the transition to phase 2 (~4400 cal a bp) is marked by simultaneous alterations in all proxies. Climate change combined with the local geochemistry was able to alter the limnological conditions supporting unique chironomid assemblages that have no analogues in recent Carpathian lakes. At ~3400 cal a
bp the lake shifted to a phase when acidophilic/acidotolerant taxa indicate characteristic humic lake conditions (phase 3). Some chironomid taxa appearing ~2000 years ago for the first time indicate a dystrophic state in which the lake has remained until now. Human activities have been detected in the area since the Aeneolithic but had no direct influence on the lake.
Effects of removing phytic acid on the bioaccessibility of Ca/Fe/Zn and protein digestion in soymilk
Authors: Lv Wenwen , Chen Wei , Tan Shengjie , Ba Genna , Sun Chao , Feng Fanqing , Sun Qian , Xu Duoxia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSoymilk is a high‐quality source of protein and minerals, such as calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). However, phytic acid in soymilk restricts mineral and protein availability. We here investigated the effects of removing phytic acid on the physicochemical properties, mineral (Ca, Fe, and Zn) bioaccessibility, and protein digestibility of soymilk.RESULTSPhysicochemical property analysis revealed that the removal of phytic acid reduced protein accumulation at the gastric stage, thereby facilitating soymilk matrix digestion. The removal of phytic acid significantly increased Zn bioaccessibility by 18.19% in low‐protein soymilk and Ca and Fe bioaccessibility by 31.20% and 30.03%, respectively, in high‐protein soymilk.CONCLUSIONRemoving phytic acid was beneficial for the hydrolysis of high‐molecular‐weight proteins and increased the soluble protein content in soymilk, which was conducive to protein digestion. This study offers a feasible guide for developing plant‐based milk with high nutrient bioaccessibility. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Neuromuscular ultrasound findings in gunshot wounds
Authors: Fagan Patrick , Geiger Christopher D. , Chenji Gaurav , Preston David C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsA spectrum of peripheral nerve injuries is associated with gunshot wounds (GSWs). Due to Wallerian degeneration, distal nerve lesions may go undetected on electrodiagnostic (EDX) testing. In patients with GSW undergoing high‐resolution ultrasound (HRUS) for evaluation of neurological deficits, we have observed distal nerve morphological changes, but these have not been systematically studied. The aim of this study was to characterize changes on HRUS in nerves at and distal to gunshot injuries and to identify the frequency with which these changes occur.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed on patients referred for HRUS with peripheral nerve injuries from GSW. The primary injured nerve(s) were assessed along with distal segments of the same nerve and those of adjacent nerves. Findings were also compared to EDX studies.ResultsTwenty‐two of the 28 nerves injured proximally by GSW were evaluated distally and of these, 68% showed abnormal ultrasound findings, including enlarged cross sectional area (59%), fascicular enlargement (50%), and decreased nerve echogenicity (59%). In 17 patients, adjacent nerves were evaluated and 8 of the patients (47%) showed abnormalities in at least one distal adjacent nerve, including enlarged cross sectional area (41%), fascicular enlargement (41%), and decreased nerve echogenicity (35%).DiscussionThis study demonstrated morphological changes at the site of the GSW but also in distal nerve segments including nerve enlargement, fascicular enlargement, and changes in nerve echogenicity. The complementary use of HRUS with EDX was highlighted in evaluation of GSW victims to assess the extent of peripheral nerve injury.
Disordered eating behaviors in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease in remission or mild‐moderate disease activity
Authors: Vickers Maggie , Whitworth John , Alvarez Lybil Mendoza , Bowden Michelle 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, autoimmune disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract. Disordered eating describes irregular eating behaviors that may be a precursor to an eating disorder diagnosis. Higher rates of disordered eating have been described in chronic diseases. Screening for disordered eating is not performed in pediatric patients with IBD. The goal of this longitudinal study was to use the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT‐26) to screen pediatric patients with IBD for disordered eating, estimate our population's prevalence, identify potential risk factors, and correlate positive EAT‐26 screen results with evaluation in adolescent medicine clinic.MethodsEighty patients with IBD between 10 and 21 years completed the EAT‐26 questionnaire during gastroenterology clinic visit. Disease activity was measured using Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) and Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI). Patients also rated their own disease activity on a numerical scale.ResultsFive patients had a positive EAT‐26 screen and were evaluated in the adolescent medicine clinic. One hundred percent of those who screened positive were diagnosed with a concomitant eating disorder once evaluated. Only 20% of those who screened positive had active IBD. Higher weight, body mass index, and patient perception of disease activity were associated with increased EAT‐26 score.ConclusionPediatric patients with IBD are at risk for disordered eating, with a prevalence of 6% in our population, which is twice the prevalence of disordered eating in the general population. The EAT‐26 questionnaire is a feasible tool to screen pediatric IBD patients for disordered eating.
Virtual network function reconfiguration in 5G networks: An optimization perspective
Authors: Biallach Hanane , Bouhtou Mustapha , Kumbria Kristina , Nace Dritan , Tomaszewski Artur 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOne of the major challenges in managing 5G networks is the reconfiguration of network slices. The task covers in particular reconfiguration and relocation of virtual network functions (VNFs) so as to match the service requirements of the slices and the availability of resources of the data centers. In this article, we study in deep the problem of optimal VNFs reconfiguration analyzing a number of its variants. We define two exact, compact integer linear programming formulations of the VNFs reconfiguration problem, and derive two approximate solution algorithms, one of them based on the column generation method. Numerical tests and comparisons illustrate the performance of the algorithms and the quality of the provided solutions.
Areas of work‐life, psychological capital and emotional intelligence on compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Maillet Stéphanie , Read Emily A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo examine the impact of six areas of work‐life, emotional intelligence and psychological capital on compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among Canadian Registered Nurses and licensed practical nurses.DesignA cross‐sectional survey study.MethodsA convenience sample of 296 Registered Nurses and 110 licensed practical nurses answered a self‐administered questionnaire measuring areas of work‐life, psychological capital, emotional intelligence, compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue in September 2019. The association between variables were analysed with descriptive and correlational analyses, while the hypothesized models were tested using multiple regression analyses.ResultsThis study identified several areas of work‐life and intrapersonal resources that impacted compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue. Among Registered Nurses, compassion satisfaction was predicted by psychological capital, rewards, values and workload. Compassion fatigue was predicted by psychological capital, workload, control and community. Among licensed practical nurses, compassion satisfaction was predicted by psychological capital and emotional intelligence. Compassion fatigue was predicted by workload and psychological capital. Study results also revealed significant differences in Registered Nurses' and licensed practical nurses' perceptions of workload, rewards and fairness at work, and both compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue. Registered Nurses perceived their workload to be more manageable and perceived greater rewards and greater fairness at work than licensed practical nurses. Compassion fatigue was higher for Registered Nurses than licensed practical nurses, while compassion satisfaction was higher for licensed practical nurses than Registered Nurses. Future studies should investigate the nature and span of these differences to suggest relevant strategies to mitigate compassion fatigue and promote compassion satisfaction for each of these nursing roles.ConclusionThe results of this study underscore the need to create nursing work environments that foster a manageable workload and positive social relationships, where nurses have professional autonomy, decision‐making capacities and access to adequate resources to do their job effectively. The nursing work environment should also provide recognition of nurses' contributions and an alignment between personal and organizational values. Investments in the development and improvement of nurses' psychological capital and emotional intelligence should be prioritized since they are malleable and impactful intrapersonal resources on compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue.Reporting methodThis study adhered to the STROBE guidelines.Public contributionA total of 406 nurses were involved in this study by answering a self‐administered study survey.
Associations Between Risk Perception and HPV Knowledge and Vaccine Uptake: Highlighting the LGBTQ+ Population
Authors: Ayo‐Ajibola Oluwatobiloba , Davis Ryan J. , Lin Matthew E. , West Jonathan D. , Kokot Niels C. , Chambers Tamara 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionGay and bisexual males and other LGBTQ+ communities are more frequently exposed to factors associated with an increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) acquisition. Vaccination is critical to protect against HPV+ head and neck cancer (HNC). We characterized the association of perceived level of risk of contraction with HPV knowledge, and vaccine decision‐making.Study DesignCross‐sectional cohort.SettingLGBTQ and general survey Reddit forums (control).MethodsA survey was shared amongst the online forums. Descriptive statistics characterized the data. Multivariable logistic regression was used to understand factors associated with vaccination, self‐perceived high risk, and knowledge of HPV + HNC.ResultsOf 718 respondents, most were female (41.09%), Caucasian (59.89%), college‐educated (33.01%), and insured (77.15%) with a mean age of 30.75 years. Half were vaccinated (49.16%), with most unvaccinated endorsing interest (60.58%). Few dependents were vaccinated (25.91%), with interest in vaccination among parents of unvaccinated children (38.58%). Knowledge of HIV's association with HPV (62.95%), HPV causing HNC (55.57%), and the vaccine's efficacy against HNC (55.57%) was also moderate. Identifying female (P = .042), a self‐perceived high‐risk (P < .001), and having vaccinated children (P < .001) increased vaccination likelihood; transgender (P = .021), or lesbian or gay sexual identity (P < .001) decreased likelihood. Personal HNC diagnosis (P < .001), self‐vaccination (P < .001), having vaccinated children (P < .001), having anal sex (P = .001) or no knowledge of past HPV status (P < .001) increased likelihood of high self‐perceived risk.ConclusionEfforts to improve public education regarding the association between HPV and HNC and vaccination efficacy are required to better inform vaccine decision‐making among individuals at risk for HPV infection.
Association Between Modified Frailty Index and Postoperative Outcomes of Tracheostomies
Authors: Chinta Sree , Haleem Afash , Sibala Dhiraj R. , Kumar Keshav D. , Pendyala Navya , Aftab Owais M. , Choudhry Hannaan S. , Hegazin Michael , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe 5‐item modified frailty index (mFI‐5) has been used to stratify patients based on the risk of postoperative complications in several surgical procedures but has not yet been done in tracheostomies. This study investigates the association between the mFI‐5 score and tracheostomy complications.Study DesignRetrospective database review.SettingUnited States hospitals.MethodsThe National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for tracheostomy patients between 2005 and 2018. The mFI‐5 was calculated for each patient by assigning 1 point for each of the following comorbidities: diabetes mellitus, hypertension, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and functionally dependent health status. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to determine associations between the mFI‐5 score and postoperative complications.ResultsA total of 4438 patients undergoing tracheostomies were queried and stratified into the following groups: mFI = 0 (N = 1741 [39.2%], mFI = 1 (N = 1720 [38.8%]), mFI = 2 (N = 726 [16.4%]), and mFI of 3 or higher (N = 251 [5.7%]). Univariate analysis showed that patients with higher mFI‐5 scores had a greater proportion of smoking, dyspnea, obesity, steroid use, emergency cases, complications, reoperations, and mortality (P < .001). Multivariable analyses found associations between mFI‐5 score and any complication (odds ratio [OR]: 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03‐2.16, P = .035), mortality (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.15‐4.68, P = .019), and any medical complication (OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.88‐4.02, P < .001).ConclusionThis study suggests an association between the mFI‐5 score and postoperative complications in tracheostomies. mFI‐5 score can be used to stratify tracheostomy patients by operative risk.
Motivations behind wild animal consumption in social media in Mexico: A case study
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Ibarra Marielise , Jiménez Lara José Miguel , Amador‐Cruz Francisco , Camargo‐Rivera Evangelina , Ramírez‐Bravo O. Eric 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Wildlife trade is a worldwide threat to biodiversity. It is a complex problem, and to deal with it, one must analyse its constituting factors, some of which are specific to certain geographic areas. Although Mexican laws have prohibited selling wild products, Mexico is still both a source and consumer of exotic wildlife; however, there is limited data on why people participate in this type of trade.

This paper aims to understand people's motivations for participating in the wildlife trade. 192 surveys on a population segment unrelated to it and 30 in‐depth interviews were performed to determine the patterns of wildlife trade in Mexico. Finally, we performed two in‐person interviews with collectors of large‐scale animals.

The outcomes demonstrated that Facebook was the social media showing more wildlife content. Most participants were aware of the diverse impacts of the animal trade, as well as, that offering, buying and having certain animals was a crime but were assuaged due to common knowledge that authorities do not investigate social media. Finally, based on the findings from the in‐person interviews, it was observed that the individuals engaged in heavy trafficking believed that their actions were altruistic in nature.

We concluded that the primary motivations for wildlife trade in Mexico were economic status and prestige within their social groups. In that order, our study is a pioneering attempt to determine motivations in Mexico, which could be a basis for future regional studies.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Synthesis and characterization of poly (acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid)/chitosan (derived from fish scales) for controlled release of amoxicillin drug
Authors: Sahoo Deepti Rekha , Biswal Trinath 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChitosan (CS) can be extracted from waste fish scales through a series of chemical processes, including demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation. The biomaterial poly (acrylamide [AM]‐co‐acrylic acid [AA])/CS is a unique superabsorbent material synthesized through the free radical graft copolymerization method by using AM, AA, and CS powder. During synthesis, ammonium persulfate is used as an initiator, and N, N′‐methylene bisacrylamide is used as a cross‐linker. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy have been studied to know about the morphology and structure of the synthesized superabsorbent materials. The water absorbency of the material continuously increases from day 1 to day 30. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) of the superabsorbent material show adequate thermal stability. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the synthesized biomaterial is virtually amorphous in nature. The percentage of biodegradability increases with time. The encapsulation efficiency of amoxicillin drugs is around 70%, which indicates that the biomaterial is highly efficient for drug release applications. The synthesized novel biomaterial is a low‐cost, eco‐friendly, and thermally stable hydrogel that can be effectively used in drug release applications.Highlights
Chitosan (CS)‐based hydrogels are highly pH‐sensitive towards drug release.
The biodegradability and swelling behavior of the synthesized biomaterial were studied by adopting a suitable methodology.
The novel material formed was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, TGA, and Scanning electron microscopy. The encapsulation efficiency, kinetic study, and controlled drug release behavior of the amoxicillin drug were studied in solutions of simulated gastric fluid and phosphate‐buffered saline.
The material developed in this study shows good performance in controlled drug delivery, and is therefore suitable for manufacturing medical devices used in drug delivery.