bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteofibrous dysplasia: Two affected male sibs and an unrelated girl with bilateral involvement
Authors: Hunter Alasdair G.W. , Jarvis James 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOsteofibrous dysplasia (OFD) is a tumor‐like bone lesion that occurs most often in the tibia, presenting as a painless swelling or anterior bowing. Radiographs show a well‐circumscribed intracortical lucency, or multiple lucencies separated by sclerotic borders, associated with a diaphyseal expansion. The histogenesis of OFD and its possible relationships to fibrous dysplasia and to adamantinoma have been the subject of significant discussion and investigation. We have been unable to find any reports of familial OFD, and have found only two references to bilateral involvement. In this article, we report both bilateral and familial involvement, and suggest that more thorough investigation of patients and their families may uncover similar cases, and perhaps support a genetic component to the etiology of this condition. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A second patient with MCA/MR syndrome with multiple circumferential skin creases
Authors: Leonard N.J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSymmetrical congenital circumferential skin creases are a rare feature described in only a few conditions. We report a case of a 29‐month‐old boy with symmetrical circumferential skin creases on arms, legs, and digits, and other features reminiscent of the single case reported by Cohen et al. [1993: Clin Dysmorphol 2:39–46] and reviewed by Elliott et al. [1996: Am J Med Genet 62:23–25]. The key features also include epicanthic folds, microphthalmia, microcornea, microcephaly, small, low‐set posteriorly angulated ears with thick overfolded helices, cleft palate, and moderate–severe psychomotor developmental delay. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic substructure in South African Bantu‐speakers: Evidence from autosomal DNA and Y‐chromosome studies
Authors: Lane A.B. , Soodyall H. , Arndt S. , Ratshikhopha M.E. , Jonker E. , Freeman C. , Young L. , Morar B. , Toffie L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe extent of genetic differentiation between seven South African Bantu‐speaking groups (Zulu, Xhosa, Tsonga/Shangaan, Southern Sotho, Pedi, Tswana, and Venda) was assessed from coancestry coefficients (FST) estimated from autosomal serogenetic, DNA, and Y‐chromosome DNA haplotypes. The overall FST obtained from the autosomal data was 0.002, and that from the Y chromosome data was 0.014. The genetic relationships between groups examined were inferred from their cluster affinities in phylogenetic trees constructed from the genetic distances between them. Both autosomal and Y‐chromosome DNA studies reveal that 6 of the 7 South African Bantu‐speaking groups cluster according to their linguistic groupings, the exception being the Tsonga, who do not cluster with other Nguni language speakers, but rather with the Venda who live close to them. This suggests that the invading Shangaan‐speakers, whose Nguni language was adopted by the Tsonga, did not have a major effect on the Tsonga gene pool, and that gene flow from the Venda into the Tsonga may have been considerable. Genetic distances were found to correlate with geographic distances between the regions where each group's apparent population density is the highest. Linguistic distances were also found to correlate with genetic distances, but linguistic and geographic distances showed no correlation. Together, these results suggest that linguistic and some genetic differentiation took place before the groups (or their forerunners) reached their present‐day locations, and that further genetic change occurred after their arrival. Am J Phys Anthropol 119:175–185, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age estimation from the auricular surface of the ilium: A revised method
Authors: Buckberry J.L. , Chamberlain A.T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA revised method for estimating adult age at death using the auricular surface of the ilium has been developed. It is based on the existing auricular surface aging method of Lovejoy et al. ([1985] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 68:15–28), but the revised technique is easier to apply, and has low levels of inter‐ and intraobserver error. The new method records age‐related stages for different features of the auricular surface, which are then combined to provide a composite score from which an estimate of age at death is obtained. Blind tests of the method were carried out on a known‐age skeletal collection from Christ Church, Spitalfields, London. These tests showed that the dispersion of age at death for a given morphological stage was large, particularly after the first decade of adult life. Statistical analysis showed that the age‐related changes in auricular surface are not significantly different for males and females. The scores from the revised method have a slightly higher correlation with age than do the Suchey‐Brooks pubic symphysis stages. Considering the higher survival rates of the auricular surface compared with the pubic symphysis, this method promises to be useful for biological anthropology and forensic science. Am J Phys Anthropol 119:231–239, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A PLP splicing abnormality is associated with an unusual presentation of PMD
Authors: Hobson Grace M. , Huang Zhong , Sperle Karen , Stabley Deborah L. , Marks Harold G. , Cambi Franca 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report that a deletion of 19 base pairs (bp) in intron 3 of the proteolipid protein (PLP/DM20) gene causes a neurological disease characterized by mild developmental delay, followed by progressive decline of acquired motor and cognitive milestones. The clinical features are associated with mild delay in myelination demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging studies and with ongoing demyelination and axonal loss demonstrated by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We demonstrate that the purine‐rich 19bp element regulates PLP‐specific splice site selection in transient transfections of chimeric constructs into cultured oligodendrocytes. Runs of 4 and 5 Gs centered in the 19bp element are critical for efficient PLP‐specific splicing. The intronic element is sequence specific in oligodendrocytes and is not a repressor of PLP‐specific splicing in nonglial cells. These data support the conclusion that deletion of the 19bp purine‐rich region in PLP intron 3 causes a reduction in PLP message and protein, which affects myelin stability and axonal integrity.
Crystallization behavior of PA‐6 clay nanocomposite hybrid
Authors: Devaux Eric , Bourbigot Serge , Achari Ahmida El 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPolyamide‐6 (PA‐6)/clay (modified montmorillonite) hybrid was synthesized by melt blending at high shear stress. 27Al‐NMR of solid state shows that the clay is not modified after melt blending. Using wide‐line 1H‐NMR and TEM, it is demonstrated that the nanocomposite exhibits mainly an exfoliated structure. It is shown that the modified montmorillonite induces the crystallization of PA‐6 predominantly in γ‐form. The presence of clay in PA‐6 increases the polymer crystallization temperature, and decreases its melting point. These phenomena show that a certain number of interactions develop near the reinforcing material, and that the latter plays a particular role of nucleating agent. However, the crystallization is not spherulitic and the assumption of macromolecular orientation in the vicinity of the clay is demonstrated by the observations carried out in DSC and AFM. These particular properties of orientation will have a particular importance on the mechanical behavior of the nanocomposite material. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2416–2423, 2002
Ecological issue of polymer flame retardancy
Authors: Zaikov G. E. , Lomakin S. M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe use of polymer flame retardants has an important role in saving lives. The main flame retardant systems for polymers currently in use are based on halogenated, phosphorous, nitrogen, and inorganic compounds. All of these flame retardant systems basically inhibit or even suppress the combustion process by chemical or physical action in the gas or condensed phase. Conventional flame retardants, such as halogenated, phosphorous, or metallic additives, have a number of negative attributes. An ecological issue of the application of conventional flame retardants demands the search of new polymer flame retardant systems. Among the new trends of flame retardancy are intumescent systems, polymer nanocomposites, preceramic additives, low‐melting glasses, different types of char formers, and polymer morphology modification processing. The brief explanations on the three major types of flame retardant systems (intumescent systems, polymer nanocomposites, and polymer organic char formers) are the subject of this overview. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2449–2462, 2002
Studies on the blends of CO2 copolymer. IV. Natural rubber/poly(propylene carbonate) systems
Authors: Pang Hao , Liao Bing , Huang Yuhui , Cong Guangmin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe blends of a carbon dioxide copolymer, poly(propylene carbonate)(PPC) with natural rubber (NR), were prepared and their mechanical properties and morphology were studied. The optimum formulation blend was obtained by orthogonal experiments. The tensile strength of the blend containing 30 phr PPC was 18.9 MPa, with an elongation at break of 755%. The factors such as PPC and dicumyl peroxide content, PPC molecular weight, sulfur content, curing time, and curing temperature responsible for controlling the mechanical properties were discussed. Transverse electron micrographs showed a two‐phase structure for this blend. Gel content data revealed that PPC was crosslinked. The phase stability of PPC in the blend improved because of the interpenetrating new work structure. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2140–2144, 2002
Cure kinetics for the ultraviolet cationic polymerization of cycloliphatic and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA) epoxy systems with sulfonium salt using an auto catalytic model
Authors: Abadie M. J. M. , Chia N. K. , Boey F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper investigates the cure kinetics for the ultraviolet (UV) cationic polymerization for both a cycloaliphatic and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA) epoxy system, using the photoinitiator triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salt. Using an autocatalytic kinetic cure model, the reaction rate values for both cycloaliphatic and DGEBA epoxy systems were determined for different photoinitiator amount (wt %) added, and at different UV exposure temperatures. The value for the cycloaliphatic epoxy increased significantly with addition of the sulfonium salt, reaching a limiting maximum after 2%. The value for the DGEBA epoxy system also increased, to a limiting maximum after 3%. Addition of the sulfonium salt significantly lowered the activation energy for the cycloaliphatic epoxy at all levels of addition, with the reduction proportional to the amount of salt added. In contrast, the sulfonium salt did not have a major effect on the DEGBA until the addition of at least 3% of the salt. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1587–1591, 2002
Dehydration of light oil by pervaporation using poly(vinyl alcohol)–poly(acrylic acid‐co‐maleic acid) membranes
Authors: Vauclair C. , Schaetzel P. , Nobrega R. , Habert C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new blended membrane was prepared and tested by pervaporation of light oil, a mixture of five alcohols plus water. The blended membrane was synthesized by blending poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid‐co‐maleic acid) sodium salt in the presence of sulfuric acid to dope the reaction. We tested several membranes in order to choose the adequate composition to have the best permselectivity. The PVA(60)–PAA‐co‐maleic acid(40) membrane was selected as it was found to be highly selective. Sorption experiments were performed using binary and ternary water–alcohol solutions. The influence of temperature and feed composition on the selectivity and flux in pervaporation was investigated for two different binary mixtures (water/ethanol, water/isobutanol) and one ternary system (water/ethanol/isobutanol). This membrane presents good permselective properties, high water flux, and good selectivity and can even be used for high‐water activities The performances of this new membrane were compared to those obtained with the PVA(90)–PAA(10) membrane synthesized recently: The fluxes observed for the water–ethanol separation were of the same order of magnitude but the selectivity was found to be much higher. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1709–1716, 2002
Moisture retention and antibacterial activity of modified chitosan by hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Qin Caiqin , Du Yumin , Xiao Ling , Liu Yi , Yu Huaguang 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA series of chitosans with various molecular weights from 1.2 × 103 to 30.0 × 104 were prepared by oxidative degradation with H2O2 and characterized by IR, 13C‐NMR, and gel permeation chromatography. Their carboxylic contents increased with a decrease in molecular weight (Mw). The moisture‐absorption and moisture‐retention capacities of resulting chitosans were dependent on both the molecular weight and the degree of deacetylation (DD). Microcalorimetry was first used to study the kinetics of action of the chitosans on a strain of Staphylococcus aureus at pH 7. The antibacterial activity of the water‐soluble chitosan against S. aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi was evaluated by the conventional agar plate method at pH 7. The water‐soluble product with Mw of 0.45 × 104 from initial chitosan of DD of 90% showed high moisture‐absorption and moisture‐retention capacities, and <2% concentration can completely inhibit the growth of these bacteria. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1724–1730, 2002
Cellulose acetate and sulfonated polysulfone blend ultrafiltration membranes. I. Preparation and characterization
Authors: Malaisamy R. , Mahendran R. , Mohan D. , Rajendran M. , Mohan V. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractModification of polymeric membrane materials by incorporation of hydrophilicity results in membranes with low fouling behavior and high flux. Hence, Polysulfone was functionalized by sulfonation and ultrafiltration membranes were prepared based on sulfonated polysulfone and cellulose acetate in various blend compositions. Polyethyleneglycol 600 was employed as a nonsolvent additive in various concentrations to the casting solution to improve the ultrafiltration performance of the resulting membranes. The total polymer concentration, cellulose acetate, and sulfonated polysulfone polymer blend composition, additive concentration, and its compatibility with polymer blends were optimized. The membranes prepared were characterized in terms of compaction, pure water flux, membrane resistance, and water content. The compaction takes place within 3–4 h for all the membranes. The pure water flux is determined largely by the composition of sulfonated polysulfone and concentration of additive. Membrane resistance is inversely proportional to pure water flux, and water content is proportional to pure water flux for all the membranes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1749–1761, 2002
Characterization of air plasma‐treated polymer surfaces by ESCA and contact angle measurements for optimization of surface stability and cell growth
Authors: Johansson Bo‐Lennart , Larsson Anders , Ocklind Anette , Öhrlund Åke 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA radiofrequency air plasma has been used to incorporate new functionalities at the surface of cycloolefin polymers (Zeonex® and Topas®), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), and polystyrene (PS). The main goals with the plasma treatment of the different plastics were to hydrophilize the surfaces and to provide good cell culture properties. Surfaces treated at high RF power/gas flow ratios (50 to 100 W/sccm) became highly hydrophilic (water contact angles of about 5 degrees) and stable towards washing in 70% (v/v) ethanol. Those treated at lower power/gas flow ratios (3 to 10 W/sccm) were less hydrophilic and not wash‐stable. Cell growth properties of HeLa cervix carcinoma cells as good as on commercial tissue‐culture polystyrene could be obtained for Zeonex, SAN, and PS, treated at relatively low RF power/gas flow ratios. However, no untreated plastics were suitable for culturing these cells. XPS spectra features show that ester, ether/alcohol, and ester/carboxyl groups are formed during the plasma treatments of the different plastics. Measurable amounts of carboxylic acid carbon after plasma treatment were only observed for PS and Topas. Furthermore, at high RF power/gas flow ratios fluorine, aluminium and silicon were incorporated in all investigated plastics surfaces due to ablation–deposition processes in the reaction chamber. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2618–2625, 2002
Eu3+complex/polyimide nanocomposites: Improvement in mechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Bian Li‐Juan , Qian Xue‐Feng , Yin Jie , Zhu Zi‐Kang , Lu Qing‐Hua 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA series of Eu3+‐doped polyimide nanocomposites were successfully prepared via the solution process. X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetric analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopic analysis, universal testing, and ellipsometry were used to characterize the nanocomposites. TEM results indicated that rare earth particles were homogeneously dispersed in the polyimide matrix with a size of about 20 nm. The introduction of the rare earth complex led to an increase in the glass transition temperature, thermal stability, size stability, and a marked increase in the tensile strength and storage modulus. The addition of the rare earth complex also increased the refractive index of the nanocomposites. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2707–2712, 2002
Long‐term outcome in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Minden Kirsten , Niewerth Martina , Listing Joachim , Biedermann Thomas , Bollow Matthias , Schöntube, Monika , Zink Angela 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the long‐term outcome of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsAll patients with JIA referred to a pediatric rheumatology center between 1978 and 1988 were identified and invited to undergo an assessment. Patients with JIA from a population‐based cohort from East Berlin were included. The outcome assessment considered changes in body function and structure (e.g., mortality, joint abnormalities, disease activity), activities at the individual level (Health Assessment Questionnaire), and participation in society (e.g., mobility, educational and vocational background).ResultsOf 260 eligible patients, 215 (83%) were evaluated. Subtypes of JIA at disease onset included oligoarthritis (40%), polyarthritis (14%), systemic arthritis (14%), psoriatic arthritis (1%), enthesitis‐related arthritis (15%), and other arthritis (16%). Followup was conducted after a median of 16.5 years. No deaths occurred in this cohort. At followup, approximately half of the patients had active disease and/or changes in body structures to a variable extent. Approximately one‐third of patients rated themselves as being functionally limited. Patients demonstrated good social integration: few mobility problems were reported, and the educational achievements of patients were higher and their rate of unemployment was lower compared with the age‐matched population. No significant differences in outcome were found between the population‐based and the referral‐based cohorts.ConclusionEven though approximately half of the JIA patients had more or less distinctive changes in body function and/or structure after a disease duration of >15 years, fewer than 10% were severely disabled or handicapped. Because JIA often persists into adulthood, long‐term followup and care are necessary.
Mutation screening of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene: Positive association of a functional polymorphism of macrophage migration inhibitory factor with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Donn Rachelle , Alourfi Zaynab , De Benedetti Fabrizio , Meazza Cristina , Zeggini Eleftheria , Lunt Mark , Stevens Adam , Shelley Emma , Lamb Rebecca ,   the British Paediatric Rheumatology Study Group, Ollier William E. R. , Thomson Wendy , Ray David 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if polymorphisms of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene are associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsDenaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography was used to screen the MIF gene in 32 UK Caucasian controls and 88 UK Caucasian JIA patients. Ninety‐two healthy UK Caucasian controls were then genotyped for each of the polymorphic positions identified. A panel of 526 UK Caucasian JIA patients and 259 UK Caucasian controls were subsequently genotyped for a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identified in the 5′‐flanking region of the gene, using SNaPshot ddNTP primer extension and capillary electrophoresis. The functional significance of this polymorphism was also studied using luciferase‐based reporter gene assays in human T lymphoblast and epithelial cell lines.ResultsA tetranucleotide repeat CATT(5–7) beginning at nucleotide position −794 and 3 SNPs at positions −173 (G to C), +254 (T to C), and +656 (C to G) of the MIF gene were identified. No JIA‐specific mutations were found. Allele and genotype frequencies differed significantly between the controls and the JIA patients for the MIF‐173 polymorphism. Individuals possessing a MIF‐173*C allele had an increased risk of JIA (34.8% versus 21.6%) (odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.4–2.7; P = 0.0002). Furthermore, the MIF‐173* G and C variants resulted in altered expression of MIF in a cell type–specific manner. Serum levels of MIF were also significantly higher in individuals who carried a MIF‐173*C allele (P = 0.04).ConclusionThe −173‐MIF*C allele confers increased risk of susceptibility to JIA. Our data suggest a cell type–specific regulation of MIF, which may be central to understanding its role in inflammation.
Effect of oral glucosamine on cartilage and meniscus in normal and chymopapain‐injected knees of young rabbits
Authors: Oegema Theodore R. , Deloria Laurel B. , Sandy John D. , Hart David A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if oral glucosamine (GlcN) improves joint biology after acute damage by a protease.MethodsThe effect of 8 weeks of dietary GlcN (20 or 100 mg/kg/day) on knee joint cartilage was evaluated in 2.2‐kg male NZW rabbits with and without damage introduced by intraarticular injection of chymopapain (CP). Cartilage was evaluated histologically and scored according to the Mankin scale. Analyses of total hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis of selected genes were performed.ResultsAfter 8 weeks, there was no effect of GlcN on the GAG content of normal cartilage. Both levels of GlcN treatment significantly increased the sulfated GAG content in the cartilage of the medial femoral condyle in damaged and contralateral knees, but did not change the collagen content. In CP‐injected knees, there was still some loss of surface proteoglycan (PG) that was not completely corrected by dietary GlcN. Even after 8 weeks, levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) detected by RT‐PCR showed changes indicative of damage and repair, such as elevated type II collagen mRNA, and these levels were not influenced by GlcN treatment. Meniscal GAG content was increased in the contralateral knee of rabbits receiving high‐dose GlcN, but was decreased in those receiving no GlcN or low‐dose GlcN. Neither diet nor treatment affected the meniscal collagen content.ConclusionThese results suggest that oral GlcN treatment might be useful in a situation where GlcN is limiting, such as where there is a rapid replacement of cartilage PG.