bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rotary self-locking intramedullary nail for long tubular bone fractures
Authors: HUANG Zhong-lian , YANG Hai-long , XU Jian-kun , XIA Xue , WANG Xin-jia , SONG Jian-xin , HU Jun 
Published: January 2024

Background
Intramedullary nails had been widely used in the treatment of long-bone fractures because of less interference of fractures and center bearing biomechanical advantage. However, it had been also found many shortcomings such as broken nails, delayed healing and was modified in order to achieve better efficacy and reduce complications. The aim of the present study is to compare the efficacy of rotary self-locking intramedullary nails (RSIN) with that of interlocking intramedullary nails (IIN) in the treatment of long-bone fractures.

Methods
A retrospective study investigated 129 cases with long-bone fractures (36 with femoral fracture, 81 with tibial fracture, and 12 with humeral fracture). The fractures were fixed using either an RSIN or IIN. All patients underwent follow-up for 12-30 months.

Results
All patients in both groups achieved a clinical fracture healing standard and the postoperative affected limb muscle strength and joint function were well restored. The RSIN group required a shorter operative time and the fracture healed faster. There was no significant difference in the hospital stay, intraoperative blood loss or postoperative complications between the two groups.

Conclusions
RSIN is used to treat long-bone fractures. Its healing efficacy is equivalent to the IIN. Moreover, the RSIN method is simpler and causes less tissue damage than the IIN, therefore having the advantage of accelerated healing.
Morphometric measurement of the patella on 3D model reconstructed from CT scan images for the southern Chinese population
Authors: Shang Peng , Zhang Linan , Hou Zengtao , Bai Xueling , Ye Xin , Xu Zhaobin , Huang Xu 
Published: January 2024

Background
Due to racial differences in the morphology of the knee joint and due to most prostheses available in the market being designed using measurements from Caucasians, the objective of this study was to provide the morphometric data of the patella for the southern Chinese population for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), patellar resurfacing, and prostheses design.

Methods
The CT slices of the knee joint were obtained from both knees of 40 Chinese volunteers (20 females, 20 males, and age from 20–25 years) by performing a computer tomographic scan. A 3D model was reconstructed by Mimics software based on the computed tomography images. Six metrical characteristics were measured by digital ruler. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS statistical program.

Results
The mean, standard deviation and P values of measurements and ratios were calculated using SPSS. All dimensions showed a significant gender difference with P<0.05, but the six variables of the left and right knees had no statistical significance with P>0.05. In addition, we studied the relationship between six couples (H-W, H-T, H-HAF, W-T, W-HAF, T-HAF) of the four variables (H: height, W: width, T: thickness and HAF: height of articulating facet) that were measured, which showed a significant correlation.

Conclusions
Examination of the southern Chinese population revealed that males have larger patellae than women. In both genders, comparing data between left and right knees shows no statistically significant difference. Compared with Westerners in previous studies, the patella in our study was thin and small. There was a good linear regression correlation between measurements of the patella. The indirect measurement method on 3D models makes it easy to obtain anatomical data, and the results can provide a region and gender specific database for morphometric measurements of the patella, and can be helpful for designing implants suited for southern Chinese patients.
Anterior herniation of lumbar disc induces persistent visceral pain: discogenic visceral pain
Authors: TANG Yuan-zhang , Shannon Moore-Langston , LAI Guang-hui , LI Xuan-ying , LI Na , NI Jia-xiang 
Published: January 2024

Background
Visceral pain is a common cause for seeking medical attention. Afferent fibers innervating viscera project to the central nervous system via sympathetic nerves. The lumbar sympathetic nerve trunk lies in front of the lumbar spine. Thus, it is possible for patients to suffer visceral pain originating from sympathetic nerve irritation induced by anterior herniation of the lumbar disc. This study aimed to evaluate lumbar discogenic visceral pain and its treatment.

Methods
Twelve consecutive patients with a median age of 56.4 years were enrolled for investigation between June 2012 and December 2012. These patients suffered from long-term abdominal pain unresponsive to current treatment options. Apart from obvious anterior herniation of the lumbar discs and high signal intensity anterior to the herniated disc on magnetic resonance imaging, no significant pathology was noted on gastroscopy, vascular ultrasound, or abdominal computed tomography (CT). To prove that their visceral pain originated from the anteriorly protruding disc, we evaluated whether pain was relieved by sympathetic block at the level of the anteriorly protruding disc. If the block was effective, CT-guided continuous lumbar sympathetic nerve block was finally performed.

Results
All patients were positive for pain relief by sympathetic block. Furthermore, the average Visual Analog Scale of visceral pain significantly improved after treatment in all patients (P <0.05). Up to 11/12 patients had satisfactory pain relief at 1 week after discharge, 8/12 at 4 weeks, 7/12 at 8 weeks, 6/12 at 12 weeks, and 5/12 at 24 weeks.

Conclusions
It is important to consider the possibility of discogenic visceral pain secondary to anterior herniation of the lumbar disc when forming a differential diagnosis for seemingly idiopathic abdominal pain. Continuous lumbar sympathetic nerve block is an effective and safe therapy for patients with discogenic visceral pain.
Characterization of hospital waste in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Munir Sobia , Batool Syeda Adila , Chaudhry Muhammad Nawaz 
Published: January 2024

Background
It is a common practice in developing countries that medical/infectious waste openly dumped with municipal solid waste. This paper presented a generation and characterization study of hospital waste. Determination of the waste composition is a basic step for selecting the most efficient treatment method of hospital waste.

Methods
Stratified random sampling was used to collect the samples of general as well as medical wastes for seven days. Medical waste was sorted into 10 categories whereas general waste was classified into 11 categories. Incineration was observed thoroughly for observing flaws in the incineration process. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software version 16.0.

Results
The studied hospital produced an average 297 kilograms of medical waste daily and it comprises plastics (71.0%), glass (13.9%), papers etc. (3.8%), cotton/dressings (5.7%), masks/gloves/sheets (0.3%) diapers (0.4%), wasted machines used in operation theaters (2.0%) and blades (0.1%). Laboratories, cancer ward, nursery ward, OPD and emergency ward are the largest infectious waste producing departments in the hospital. The hospital produced an average 3 511 kilograms of general waste daily in which organics constitute (44.3%), diapers etc. (42.8%), demolition materials (3.7%), plastic waste mixing medical plastic waste (2.5%), miscellaneous (2.14%), cloth/clothes (1.6%), cardboard (1.3%), papers (0.8%), cotton dressings (0.28%), glass (0.27%) and iron materials (0.18%). Other alarming facts are: medical waste is recycled in study area, after incineration of hospital waste, ash simply dumped in the premises of the hospital without any liner system.

Conclusions
The studied hospital produces 10% of infectious waste and 90% of general waste. The largest components of the infectious waste are plastic and glass. Organics and diapers are major components of the general waste coming from different sites of the hospital. Lack of training, inadequate knowledge regarding to the composition of the infectious waste and risks associated with the waste are the major issues which must be addressed and resolved.
The percentage of peripheral blood blasts on day 7 of induction chemotherapy predicts response to therapy and survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Gao Sujun , Tan Yehui , Liu Xiaoliang , Su Long , Yu Ping , Han Wei , Cui Jiuwei , Li Wei 
Published: January 2024

Background
Rapid clearance of peripheral blood blasts (PBBs) predicts complete remission (CR) and survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We aimed to explore the correlation between induction therapy response, outcome, and the PBB percentage.

Methods
Forty-six consecutive patients with de novo AML (excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia) were enrolled in this study. Flow cytometry was performed to identify cells with a leukemia-associated aberrant immunophenotype in the initial bone marrow aspirate and in peripheral blood on day 7 of induction therapy.

Results
The PBB percentage on day 7 (D7PBBP) was significantly lower in patients who achieved CR (0.03% (0.0%, 0.45%)) than in those who did not (10.85% (1.13%, 19.38%); u =-3.92, P <0.001). The CR rate was significantly higher among patients with a D7PBBP of <0.945% (84.62%, 22/26) than among those with a D7PBBP of ≥0.945% (25.0%, 5/20; χ
2
= 16.571, P <0.001). D7PBBP was significantly correlated with overall survival (OS; r=-0.437, P=0.003) and relapse-free survival (RFS; r=-0.388, P=0.007). OS and RFS were significantly higher in patients with a D7PBBP of <0.43% than in those with a D7PBBP of ≥0.43% (P <0.001 and P=0.039, respectively). D7PBBP was also found to be an independent prognostic indicator in multivariate analysis for both OS (P=0.036) and RFS (P=0.035).

Conclusion
D7PBBP may be an important risk factor for the achievement of complete remission, for overall survival, and for relapse-free survival.
Clinical experience of surgical intervention for severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Xu Yuan , Shao Qinshu , Yang Jin , Yu Xiaojun , Xu Ji 
Published: January 2024

Background
The controversy on the treatment strategy for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) has never stopped for the past century. Even now surgical procedures play a decisive role in the treatment of SAP, especially in managing the related complications, but the rational indications, timing, and approaches of surgical intervention for SAP are still inconclusive.

Methods
Clinical data of 308 SAP patients recruited during January 2000-January 2013, including 96 conservatively treated cases plus 212 surgically intervened cases, were comparatively analyzed. Based on the initial surgical intervention time, the surgical intervention group was split into two: early intervention group (within 2 weeks) 103 cases, and late intervention group (after 2 weeks) 109 cases.

Results
In the conservative treatment group, the cure rate was 82.29% (79/96), the death rate was 13.54% (13/96), and 4 cases self-discharged, while in the surgical intervention group, the cure rate was 84.43% (179/212) and the death rate was 10.85% (23/212) with 10 cases self-discharged. The difference was of no statistical significance between these two groups (P >0.05). In surgical intervention group, the death rate 15.53% (16/103) in the early surgical intervention group was higher than that of late surgical intervention group 6.42% (7/109), and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).

Conclusions
Both conservative treatment and surgical intervention play important roles in the treatment of SAP, and the indication, timing, and procedure should be strictly followed. Surgery earlier than 2 weeks after onset of the disease is not recommended in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis only when there are specific indications, such as multiple organ failure, which does not improve despite active treatment, and in those who develop abdominal compartment syndrome.
Diabetic bladder dysfunction
Authors: Guiming Liu , Firouz Daneshgari 
Published: January 2024

Objective
To review studies on diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD), a common and bothersome complication of diabetes mellitus.

Data sources
We performed a search of the English literature through PubMed. The key words used were “diabetes” and “bladder dysfunction” or “cystopathy”. Our own data and perspective are included in the discussion.

Study selection
Studies containing data relevant to DBD were selected. Because of the limited length of this article, we also referenced reviews that contain comprehensive amalgamations of relevant literature.

Results
The classic symptoms of DBD are decreased bladder sensation, increased bladder capacity, and impaired bladder emptying with resultant elevated post-void residual urine. However, recent clinical and experimental evidence indicate a strong presence of storage problems such as urge incontinence in diabetes. Recent studies of DBD in animal models of type 1 diabetes have revealed temporal effects of diabetes, causing an early phase of compensatory bladder function and a later phase of decompensated bladder function. The pathophysiology of DBD is multifactorial, including disturbances of the detrusor, urothelium, autonomic nerves, and urethra. Polyuria and hyperglycemia play important but distinctive roles in induction of bladder dysfunction in type 1 diabetes. Polyuria causes significant bladder hypertrophy in the early stage of diabetes, whereas oxidative stress in the bladder caused by chronic hyperglycemia may play an important role in the late stage failure of bladder function.

Conclusions
DBD includes time-dependent and mixed manifestations. The pathological alterations include muscle, nerve, and urothelium. Polyuria and hyperglycemia independently contribute to the pathogenesis of DBD. Treatments for DBD are limited. Future clinical studies on DBD in type 1 and type 2 diabetes should be investigated separately. Animal studies of DBD in type 2 diabetes are needed, from the natural history to mechanisms. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of DBD will provide multiple potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Deaths of obstructive lung disease in the Yangpu district of Shanghai from 2003 through 2011: a multiple cause analysis
Authors: Cheng Yi , Han Xue , Luo Yong , Xu Weiguo 
Published: January 2024

Background
Obstructive lung disease (OLD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma) is an important cause of death in older people. There has been no exhaustive population-based mortality study of this subject in Shanghai. The objective of this study was to use a multiple cause of death methodology in the analysis of OLD mortality trends in the Yangpu district of Shanghai, from 2003 through 2011.

Methods
We analyzed death data from the Shanghai Yangpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention for Medical Cause of Death database, selecting all death certificates for individuals 40 years or older on which OLD was listed as a cause of death.

Results
From 2003 to 2011, there were 8 775 deaths with OLD listed, of which 6 005 (68%) were identified as the underlying cause of death. For the entire period, a significantly decreasing trend of age standardized rates of death from OLD was observed in men (-6.2% per year) and in women (-5.7% per year), similar trends were observed in deaths with OLD. The mean annual rates of deaths from OLD per 100 000 were 161.2 for men and 80.8 for women from 2003 to 2011. While, as the underlying cause of death, the main associated causes of death were as follows: cardiovascular diseases (70.7%), cerebrovascular diseases (13.3%), diabetes (8.6%), and cancer (4.3%). The associated causes and the principal overall underlying causes of death were cardiovascular diseases (37.0%), cancer (30.3%), and cerebrovascular disease (15.3%). A significant seasonal variation, with the highest frequency in winter, occurred in deaths identified with underlying causes of chronic bronchitis, other obstructive pulmonary diseases, and asthma.

Conclusions
Multiple cause mortality analysis provides a more accurate picture than underlying cause of total mortality attributed on death certificates to OLD. The major comorbidities associated with OLD were cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cerebrovascular disease. From 2003 to 2011, the mortality rate from OLD decreased substantially in the Yangpu district of Shanghai.
Mixed phenotype acute leukemia
Authors: Zixing Ye , Shujie Wang 
Published: January 2024

Objective
To highlight the current understanding of mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL).

Data sources
We collected the relevant articles in PubMed (from 1985 to present), using the terms “mixed phenotype acute leukemia”, “hybrid acute leukemia”, “biphenotypic acute leukemia”, and “mixed lineage leukemia”. We also collected the relevant studies in WanFang Data base (from 2000 to present), using the terms “mixed phenotype acute leukemia” and “hybrid acute leukemia”.

Study selection
We included all relevant studies concerning mixed phenotype acute leukemia in English and Chinese version, with no limitation of research design. The duplicated articles are excluded.

Results
MPAL is a rare subgroup of acute leukemia which expresses the myeloid and lymphoid markers simultaneously. The clinical manifestations of MPAL are similar to other acute leukemias. The World Health Organization classification and the European Group for Immunological classification of Leukaemias 1998 criteria are most widely used. MPAL does not have a standard therapy regimen. Its treatment depends mostly on the patient's unique immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features, and also the experience of individual physician. The lack of effective treatment contributes to an undesirable prognosis.

Conclusion
Our understanding about MPAL is still limited. The diagnostic criteria have not been unified. The treatment of MPAL remains to be investigated. The prognostic factor is largely unclear yet. A better diagnostic criteria and targeted therapeutics will improve the therapy effect and a subsequently better prognosis.
Total knee arthroplasty for severe valgus knee deformity
Authors: Zhou Xinhua , Wang Min , Liu Chao , Zhang Liang , Zhou Yixin 
Published: January 2024

Background
Primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in severe valgus knees may prove challenging, and choice of implant depends on the severity of the valgus deformity and the extent of soft-tissue release. The purpose of this study was to review 8 to 11 years (mean, 10 years) follow-up results of primary TKA for varient-III valgus knee deformity with use of different type implants.

Methods
Between January 2002 and January 2005, 20 women and 12 men, aged 47 to 63 (mean, 57.19±6.08) years old, with varient-III valgus knees underwent primary TKA. Of the 32 patients, 37 knees had varient-III deformities. Pie crusting was carefully performed with small, multiple inside-out incisions, bone resection balanced the knee in lieu of soft tissue releases that were not used in the series. Cruciate-retaining knees (Gemini MKII, Link Company, Germany) were used in 13 knees, Genesis II (Simth & Nephew Company, USA) in 14 knees, and hinged knee (Endo-Model Company, Germany) in 10 knees. In five patients with bilateral variant-III TKAs, three patients underwent 1-stage bilateral procedures, and two underwent 2-stage procedures. All implants were cemented and the patella was not resurfaced. The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score was assessed. Patients were followed up from 8 to 11 years.

Results
The mean HSS knee score were improved from 50.33±11.60 to 90.06±3.07 (P <0.001). The mean tibiofemoral alignment were improved from valgus 32.72°±9.68° pre-operation to 4.89°±0.90° post-operation (P <0.001). The mean range of motion were improved from 93.72°±23.69° pre-operation to 116.61±16.29° post-operation (P <0.001). No patients underwent revision. One patient underwent open reduction and internal fixation using femoral condylar plates for supracondylar femoral fractures secondary to a fall at three years. Three patients developed transient peroneal nerve palsies, which resolved within nine months. Two patients developed symptomatic deep vein thrombosis that was managed with rivaroxaban and thrombo-embolic deterrent stockings. There was no incidence of pulmonary embolism. Postoperative patient satisfaction was 80.7±10.4 points in the groups. Prosthetic survival rate was 100% at mean 10 years postoperative.

Conclusions
Not only hinged implants can be successfully used in variant-III valgus knees. As our results show, if proper ligament balancing techniques are used and proper ligament balance is attained, the knee may not require the use of a more constrained components. Our results also present alternative implant choices for severe knee deformities.
Increasing trend of prevalence of infertility in Beijing
Authors: Zhang Hongxia , Wang Shuyu , Zhang Songwen , Wang Tao , Deng Xiaohong 
Published: January 2024

Background
Infertility is one of the most important and underappreciated reproductive health problems in developing countries. However, epidemiological data in the Chinese population are still sparse. The aim of the present study was to determine the current prevalence and prevalence trend of infertility in Beijing, and to identify the risk factors associated with infertility.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Beijing in 2012. A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 12 448 couples of whom the female partners were born between 1955 and 1985. All subjects were interviewed face to face. Infertility was defined as the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.

Results
Of the 12 448 couples, 12 342 (99.1%) answered the questions appropriately. The prevalence of infertility was 4.2% (3.1% as primary and 1.1% as secondary infertility). An increase in the prevalence of infertility according to the age of the female partner was found: 1.3% infertility for married females born in the 1950s and 11.4% for married females born in the 1980s. The increase was found in both urban and suburban areas. In addition, a Logistic regression showed that for the female partner, higher education levels, an older age at first marriage, adverse occupational conditions, mental labor and pre-pregnancy contraception after marriage were all significantly associated with a higher risk of infertility.

Conclusion
The prevalence of infertility has increased significantly among couples in Beijing, possibly because of an interaction among multiple factors.
Targeting gallbladder carcinoma: bone marrow-derived stem cells as therapeutic delivery vehicles of myxoma virus
Authors: Weng Mingzhe , Zhang Mingdi , Qin Yiyu , Gong Wei , Tang Zhaohui , Quan Zhiwei , Wu Kejin 
Published: January 2024

Background
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) has a high mortality rate, requiring synergistic anti-tumor management for effective treatment. The myxoma virus (MYXV) exhibits a modest clinical value through its oncolytic potential and narrow host tropism.

Methods
We performed viral replication assays, cell viability assays, migration assays, and xenograft tumor models to demonstrate that bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) may enhance efficiency of intravenous MYXV delivery.

Results
We examined the permissiveness of various GBC cell lines towards MYXV infection and found two supported single and multiple rounds of MYXV replication, leading to an oncolytic effect. Furthermore, we found that BMSCs exhibited tropism for GBC cells within a Matrigel migration system. BMSCs failed to affect the growth of GBC cells, in terms of tumor volume and survival time. Finally, we demonstrated in vivo that intravenous injection of MYXV-infected BMSCs significantly improves the oncolytic effect of MYXV alone, almost to the same extent as intratumoral injection of MYXV.

Conclusion
This study indicates that BMSCs are a promising novel vehicle for MYXV to clinically address gallbladder tumors.