bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
France
Authors: Dupre* Catherine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The impact of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR, or the Convention) on French law has been slowly increasing since its ratification by the French government, but it has only become particularly significant over the last ten or fifteen years. France ratified the Convention in 1974, that is twenty-four years after signing it, and accepted the right of individual petition under Article 25 only in 1981.
Feminism and Histroy of Philosophy
Authors: Lloyd Genevieve 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This new collection of essays highlights the positive contributions that feminism can make to the history of philosophy. Drawn together within a chronological framework, pieces by leading feminist critics, such as Luce Irigaray and Martha Nussbaum, reveal the fresh perspectives that feminism can offer to the discussion of past philosophers, such as Plato, Spinoza, and Nietzsche. Rather than defining itself through opposition to a 'male' philosophical tradition, feminist philosophy emerges not only as an exciting new contribution to the history of philosophy, but also as a source of cultural self-understanding in the present.
Feminism and Aristotle’s Rational Ideal
Authors: Homiak* Marcia L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Several years ago, as part of a meeting of the Society for Women in Philosophy, I was asked, along with two other feminist philosophers working on canonical male figures in the history of philosophy, to participate in a panel entitled ‘What’s a Nice Girl like Me Doing in a Place like Thisf The title reflected the organizers’ view that there was something politically suspect about feminists working on established male figures-and something particularly suspect in this case, where the three philosophers in question (Aristotle, Hobbes, and Kant) were well-known for their benighted views on women.1 How could we reconcile our commitment to feminism with a scholarly life devoted to the study of philosophers who explicitly describe women as inferior to men, as unfit for the best life available to human beings, as incapable of being full moral agents?
Transforming Infrastructure in Eastern Europe
Authors: Kennedy David , Stern Nick 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One of the basic requirements of a properly functioning market economy is a modern, efficient, and user-oriented infrastructure. The infrastructure in eastern Europe inherited from the communist era was poorly suited to a market economy in terms of both physical and organizational makeup. This resulted from the special priorities of the old regime: a focus on heavy goods production; little concern for the consumer; excessive specialization across regions for purposes of political control; limited concern from economic costs; indifference towards the environment. Because of the importance of infrastructure in any economy, and also the heritage in the communist economies, infrastructure restructuring is a major challenge in the economic reform drive of central and eastern European countries.
Impersonal Mechanisms and Personal Networks in the Distribution of Grants
Authors: Reed Steven R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Why should democratizing and developing nations study Japan? First and foremost, Japan is the single most successful case of the ‘copying’ of Western models (Cole 1980; Rohlen 1992; Westney 1982, 1987). My reading of the literature leads me to the conclusion that the basic lesson to be learned from the Japanese experience is that success is based less on the original copying than on the effective adaptation of Western models to local realities that follows. Although the ideals of the free market, democracy, and rational bureaucracies may indeed be worthy of emulation, the Japanese model clearly indicates that a country can deviate from these ideals in systematic ways and still develop into a modern, market-based, industrial democracy. Free markets, unfettered by government intervention, democratic systems that accurately reflect the will of the people, and purely rational Weberian bureaucracies are Western ideals that the Western countries themselves do not entirely fulfil. Industrial democracies display a great range of variation along these dimensions, demonstrating that industrialization and democratization can be accomplished in many different ways.
Preventing Social Exclusion: Education’s Contribution
Authors: Sparkes Jo , Glennerster Howard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Several strands of CASE’s work have reinforced the conclusion that educational failure is strongly associated with the process of social exclusion (see for instance, John Hobcraft’s chapter in this volume, and Hobcraft 2000). Moreover, there is growing evidence that this is more than an association. The relationship is causal and can be reversed. But it is a long and difficult process to do so. And we still know too little about what works and what does not. Particularly disturbing is some evidence that the reforms of the 1990s in the UK did indeed boost the performance of average and above-average children and schools but did not work for the most deprived. More recent evidence is more encouraging. We are beginning to raise the achievements of the lowest performing schools and pupils in primary schools.
Open-Eye Visualizations
Authors: Shanon Benny 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
While all the effects of Ayahuasca are extraordinary and all may leave a deep mark on those that experience them, in many respects the visual effects are the most salient. This, Jet me emphasize, by no means implies that a session in which a drinker has not experienced such effects cannot be a meaningful and/or powerful one. Yet, I would say that the primary language in which Ayahuasca expresses itself is the visual one. Undoubtedly, of all the effects of this brew, the visualizations are those that exhibit the richest phenomenology and they are also those that most readily lend themselves to phenomenological description and analysis. This is also reflected in the literature: of all effects in question, the visual ones are those that have been mostly reported on and discussed.
Meaning and Semantics
Authors: Shanon Benny 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As summarized at the end of the previous chapter, in our discussion of temporality, meaning featured centrally. Meaning is also associated with other facets of the Ayahuasca experience that we have discussed. At the very outset of the phenomenological survey presented in this book, the overall enhanced meaningfulness induced by Ayahuasca was highlighted. As noted in Ch. 4, the general ambience that Ayahuasca generates is that things are richly invested with meaning. Further more, the inebriation makes people feel that things, even the most banal, do not just happen to be: they are there because they are the manifestations of ultimate truths and essences. Similar observations are also common with LSD and mescaline (see Ludwig, 1966; Huxley, 1971; Watts, 1962; and Michaux, 1972).
Consciousness II
Authors: Shanon Benny 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The prophets Isaiah and Ezekiel dined with me, and I asked them how they dared so roundly to assert that God spoke to them; and whether they did not think at the time that they would be misunderstood, and so be the cause of imposition. Isaiah answer’d: ‘I saw no God, nor heard any, in a finite organical perception; but my sense discoverd the infinite in everything, and as I was then persuaded and remained confirm’d, that the voice of honest indignation is the voice of God, I cared not for consequences, but wrote.’
Light
Authors: Shanon Benny 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In practically all the accounts found in the anthropological literature, visualizations of light are described as characterizing the first stage of the Ayahuasca inebriation. This is, I think, a very misleading portrayal. While it is indeed true that typically the first visual effects of Ayahuasca generate internal stimuli of light and colour, it is by no means the case that light is confined to the beginnings of sessions or to the stages in which the force of the intoxication is at its weakest. Actually, quite the contrary is the case. Not infrequently, the most powerful moments in an Ayahuasca session involve light.
Intellectual Property Rights, External Effects And Anti-Trust Law
Authors: Rahnasto Ilkka 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The interplay between intellectual property protection and antitrust rules in the communications industry is examined in this timely book, with particular focus upon the role of externalities in that interplay. There is substantial discussion of the innovation process and of how companies leverage their intellectual property rights in order to obtain market leadership. Particular emphasis is also placed upon how legal doctrines have developed to cope with these issues, and related economic analysis is also discussed.
Immigration and the EU
Authors: Boeri Tito , Hanson Gordon , McCormick Barry 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The UN estimates that 2.5 per cent of the world’s population—about 150 million people—live outside their country of nationality. The falling cost of information associated with both the rapid growth of third world urban populations and the expansion of the internet, appear likely to further enhance the world demand for overseas work. The net legal immigration rate for the EU, 1990–98, was 2.2 per 1000, compared with 3 for the US and almost nil for Japan. After peaking at over 1 million per year in the early 1990s, net migration to the EU declined over the past decade but is now rising again, and was over 700000 in 1999.
Individual Motivation, Its Nature, Determinants, And Consequences For Within–Group Behaviour
Authors: Alkire Sabina , Deneulin Sé Verine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Early in the history of modern physics objection was raised to use of the concept of force, on the double ground that it is never open to direct observation and that it is not objective but animistic or anthropomorphic. It was (and is) pointed out that we observe or measure only the effects of forces and contended that it would be simpler and more candid to talk only about effects, i.e., equations of motion … The place of motive in economic choice presents a closely parallel problem.
Group Behaviour and Development: A Comparison of Farmers’ Organizations in South Korea and Taiwan
Authors: Burmeister Larry , Ranis Gustav , Wang Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In response to prevailing agro-ecological and agrarian structural conditions, a variety of rural organizations has arisen throughout East Asia to link small producers to broad national development objectives. Farmers’ organizations (FOs) have been critical components of this organizational infrastructure, providing marketing, input supply, technical information, and credit services to farmer-members. In some countries, such FOs have played quite a significant role as institutional vehicles for promoting agricultural development, while in others they have been less effective (see Jones 1971; Lele 1981; Illy 1983). In this paper, we examine two FOs, the Farmers’ Association (FA) in Taiwan and the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation (NACF) in South Korea (hereafter Korea), in order to assess the extent to which such organizations permit us to understand better the role of group behaviour in affecting development outcomes.
Sex Workers in Calcutta and the Dynamics of Collective Action: Political Activism, Community Identity, and Group Behaviour
Authors: Gooptu Nandini 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines how vulnerable and marginalized sections of society come to form groups and engage in collective action, despite the fact that there is often little social cohesion or cooperation among them and they are weighed down by multiple forms of exploitation. The key questions posed in this chapter are:
Why and how is it possible to form an organization, and to forge a common identity, in the face of social constraints and internal fragmentation among members of the group?
Thinking about Attention in Games: Backward and Forward Induction
Authors: Johnson Colin F Camerer ,Eric J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The crucial leap in behavioral economics is taking the details of thinking seriously, rather than settling for the conventional apology that models are only “as if”representations of the output of a neural “black box.”Thinking seriously about cognitive detail, and formalizing those ideas, has become more fashionable in economics recently. Models of intertemporal choice seek to understand precisely how people think about the future (see Frederick, Loewenstein, and O”Donoghue 2002). Theories of social preference formalize how people feel about allocations of payoffs to themselves and others (Fehr and Gachter 2000; Camerer 2003: ch. 2). Another major innovation in economics is the observation that people think differently about gains and losses, which implies that the way outcomes are described or “framed”can affect which choices are made (Tversk:y and Kahneman 1991; Rabin 2000).
Mood Regulation and Decision-making: Is Irrational Exuberance Really a Problem?
Authors: Erber Ralph , Erber Maureen Wang , Poe Jennifer 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As much as we would like to think that our decision, particularly those of some importance, are purely based on rational choice and solely influenced by cold, hard cognition, the truth is that affect and decision-making are inextricably linked in a variety of ways (Schwarz 2000). Most decisions have affective consequences determined by their outcomes. Desired outcomes generally elicit feelings of satisfaction and happiness; undesired outcomes are often accompanied by disappointment and occasionally lead to feelings of regret (e.g. McConnell et al. 2000). Some decision tasks are inherently enjoyable (choosing from the menu of one”s favorite restaurant) whereas others may be accompanied by negative affect such as fear (deciding on an appropriate medical procedure). In many cases, people may anticipate how they will feel about the outcome of a decision and use the corresponding predictions for their choice (e.g. Mellers, Schwartz, and Ritov 1997). And of course, people”s decisions may often be influenced by the transient moods and emotions they experience at the time they make a decision. The extent to which people may be able to divorce their affect from their cognitions when making decisions is the focus of this chapter.
Semiparametric Frequency Domain Analysis of Fractional Cointegration
Authors: Robinson P M , Marinucci D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cointegration analysis has developed as a major theme of time series econometrics since the article of Engle and Granger (1987), much applied interest prompting considerable methodological and theoretical development during the past decade. Numerous empirical studies have investigated the possibility of cointegration in areas of economics in which a long-run relationship can be conjectured between nonstationary variables, including stock prices and dividends, consumption and income, wages and prices, short- and long-run interest rates, monetary aggregates and nominal GNP, exchange rates and prices, GNP and public debt, and many others.
Rampage, or Science in Poetry
Authors: Holub Miroslav 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When asked what is the difference between a poet and a scientist-poet, I usually reply that for the scientist-poet ten minutes is exactly ten minutes. This definition comes, of course, from long experience with poetry readings by thoroughbred poets, and from scientific workshops where the chairperson would turn of the microphone after the allotted ten minutes even if you were just presenting a new Theory of Everything. But my ten minutes denfinition also has a broader meaning. In science one very soon makes an important personal developmental step: self-restraint. One learns that the individual is unique more because of his molecular structures, like the major histocompatibility complex, than because of his psyche, so deeply affected and shaped by social atmosphere, culture, market-place, friends, foes, and editors. One learns too that revelations are the function of hard everyday work and discipline; that tuition comes in most cases before intuition and that intuition is a very plastic word.
Astronomy and Poetry
Authors: Burnell Jocelyn Bell 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In spite of a good education I came to appreciate music late in life, and to appreciate poetry even later. The turning point can be idenitified: I had done a talk on astronomy for a group of women, showing slides, explaining the size and scale of the universe, and how long it took light to travel the huge distances. Afterwards, Jennifer, a friend in the audience, gave me a copy of Elizabeth Jennings’s poem ‘Delay’, and its power and its appropriateness immediately hit me. I have given many talks on astronomy to lay audiences; I believe I make the subject accessible, explain things clearly, and hold the audience’s interest. In such talks it is easy to play the wow, gee-whiz element of astronomy, it is easy to raise the hairs on the back of the neck talking about our place in the universe and the origin and future evolution of the universe. And there are photos of many wonderfully beautiful galaxies, nebulae, and groups of stars to give visual impact.
Thomas More
Authors: Miola Robert S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Humanist and martyr, Thomas More (c.1477–1535), Lord Chancellor of England, stands as a towering Wgure in early modern Catholicism. He wrote polemical works, Latin poetry, the brilliantly satirical Utopia, and deep spiritual works composed in the Tower (see Consolations, instructions and devotions). More defended Erasmus’s biblical scholarship and vernacular translation of the Bible. He suppressed Protestant writing and executed Protestants for heresy. Opposing King Henry VIII’s divorce, remarriage, and break with Rome, he suVered imprisonment and public execution (see lives and deaths).
Edmund Campion
Authors: Miola Robert S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Silver-tongued Oxford scholar, Edmund Campion (1540–81) left his university and Church of England deaconate for Ireland and the Catholic faith. He went to the seminary at Douai and then to Rome to enter the Society of Jesus in 1573. After teaching at Prague and writing Latin dramas, he returned home for the English Mission, the attempt to support oppressed Catholics and reclaim the country to the faith. Campion wrote Rationes decem (1581), ‘Ten Reasons’ to accept Roman Catholicism over Protestantism. He suVered capture, torture, and eventually execution at Tyburn in 1581 (see lives and deaths; Fig. 8).
William Allen
Authors: Miola Robert S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cardinal William Allen (1532–94), helped found the English Colleges at Douai, Rome, and Valladolid and emerged as a leader of English Catholics during Elizabeth’s reign. In A True, Sincere, and Modest Defence of English Catholics (1584) Allen argues that the English torture and murder Catholics for religious not political reasons; he describes the Catholic plight in vivid detail, including the use of ‘bloody questions’ designed to trap defendants into declaring loyalty to the pope or the crown. Outraged by the continued oppression of Catholics, Allen later joined Robert Persons to plot Elizabeth’s overthrow and the invasion of the Spanish Armada in 1588. He wrote An Admonition to the Nobility and People of England (1588), which appeared, condensed, as a broadside, A Declaration of the Sentence and Deposition of Elizabeth (1588), to be distributed after the Spanish victory. Here Allen recapitulates the case against Elizabeth, reviews the suVering of English Catholics, and outlines some chilling procedures for the country’s reconversion. This resort to force, seasoned with the promise of a plenary indulgence for actions that almost everyone regarded as treasonous, conWrmed Protestant fears and drew condemnation from both sides of the aisle. William Watson (1559?–1603), for example, a seminary priest who spent much time in and out of prison, strongly protested his loyalty and viliWed Allen and Persons in A Decacordon of Ten Quodlibetical Questions (1602). Though Allen persuasively criticized government policy and championed Catholic rights, he seriously underestimated Catholic popular loyalty to the government and country.
100. material pertinent.
William Weston
Authors: Miola Robert S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
‘If I spoke with the tongue of Father Campion ‘, declared a popular saying recorded in a Valladolid archive, ‘and wrote with the pen of Father Persons, and led the austere life of Father Weston, and yet had not charity, it would avail me nothing ‘ (P. Caraman, ed., Autobiography from the Jesuit Underground, 1955: p. xvi). Called to the English Mission from Seville, the Jesuit William Weston (1550–1615) sold the horse he was given for the journey, donated the money to the poor, and walked to Paris. In 1584 he began his extraordinary activities of the next two decades, converting souls, ministering the sacraments, and enduring long periods of imprisonment.
William Alabaster
Authors: Miola Robert S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Educated at Cambridge University, William Alabaster (1567–1640) started life as a literate anti-Catholic. His Elisaeis, a Latin panegyric to Queen Elizabeth, modelled on the Aeneid, features Satan persuading the pope to promote the Catholic cause in England. In 1597, however, Alabaster converted to Catholicism through the oYces of a Catholic priest, Thomas Wright, and the reading of William Rainoldes’s defence of the Rheims New Testament, A Refutation of Sundry Apprehensions (1583), as he recalls in a memoir. Subsequently, Alabaster gave evidence against pro-Spanish Catholics abroad, revolted from the Catholic faith, recanted, and wavered back and forth several times before his death. As a new Catholic in 1597–8, Alabaster prepared himself for martyrdom and wrote religious verse in what was to become the new metaphysical style of Donne and his followers.
Robert, Prior of Shrewsbury
Authors: Miola Robert S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hagiography, or the writing of saints ‘ lives, constitutes a popular form of early modern instruction and devotion. Compiled in the twelfth century by Robert of Shrewsbury, The Life of St Winifred tells the story of the seventh-century patroness of Wales, beheaded for refusing the advances of the pagan Prince Cradocus. Winifred miraculously regains her life (and her head) through the intercession of her uncle, St Beuno. A sacred fountain springs up at the place of the miracle. Winifred devotes the rest of her days to prayer, contemplation, and good works.
Thomas a` Kempis
Authors: Miola Robert S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Thomas a` Kempis (1380–1471) joined the Devotio moderna (new devotion) movement, which created radical Christian communities of poverty, chastity, and obedience. After ordination in 1413, Thomas spent most of his life as a monk at Mount St Agnes, where he wrote some three dozen religious works. Of these The Imitation of Christ (composed 1420–7) stands as the most widely read devotional work ever written (excepting the Bible), admired by Thomas More, Ignatius of Loyola, John Wesley, Thomas Merton, and many others. It achieved several early translations from Latin to English, including that of William Atkinson and Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry VII (1504), and that of Richard Whitford (1530, excerpted below), remarkable for its freshness and easy grace.
William Byrd
Authors: Miola Robert S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A devout Catholic his whole life, William Byrd (1543–1623) was the most accomplished and proliWc musician of his time. Writing for the Church of England and for Catholic services, he revolutionized the use of keyboard, popularized the madrigal, and excelled in Latin sacred music. Byrd wrote Cantiones Sacrae (1575), Psalms, Sonnets, & Songs of Sadness & Piety (1588), contributed to The Fitzwilliam Virginal Book (1612–19), and composed motets as well as voice and consort music.