bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Polymyxin B-Immobilized Fiber on Blood Metalloproteinase-9 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Levels in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients
Authors: Nakamura Tsukasa , Kawagoe Yasuhiro , Matsuda Takaharu , Shoji Hisataka , Ueda Yoshihiko , Tamura Naoaki , Ebihara Isao , Koide Hikaru 
Published: May 2004

<i>Background/Aims:</i> Metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 plays a role in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Polymyxin B-immobilized fiber (PMX-F) treatment improves circulatory disturbance and oxygenation in ARDS patients. We aimed to assess whether PMX-F treatment alters the blood MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1 levels in ARDS patients. <i>Methods:</i> Twelve ARDS patients who received PMX-F treatment and 20 healthy control volunteers were included in this study. PMX-F was carried out twice at a rate of 100 ml/min for 2 h with a time interval of 24 h. Blood MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were measured before and after PMX-F treatment. We monitored blood pressure and the PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> (PF) ratio before and after PMX-F treatment. <i>Results:</i> The mortality of ARDS patients after PMX-F treatment was 16.7%. Chest X-ray abnormalities were ameliorated in surviving patients after PMX-F treatment. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased significantly after PMX-F treatment (p < 0.01). The PF ratio also increased significantly after PMX-F treatment (p < 0.01). Blood MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels in ARDS patients (126.4 ± 36.4 and 326.5 ± 52.5 ng/ml) were significantly higher than in controls (34.5 ± 12.5 and 160.5 ± 24.5 ng/ml; p < 0.01). PMX-F treatment reduced these levels significantly (the first treatment: MMP-9 85.4 ± 28.6 ng/ml, p < 0.05, TIMP-1 265.8 ± 36.6 ng/ml, p < 0.05; the second treatment: MMP-9 56.5 ± 18.8 ng/ml, p < 0.01, TIMP-1 220.6 ± 30.5 ng/ml, p < 0.01). <i>Conclusion:</i> These data suggest that MMP-9 and TIMP-1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of ARDS and that PMX-F treatment ameliorated increased MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels in ARDS patients.
Shepherds, Merchants, and Credit: Some Observations on Lending Practices in Ur III Mesopotamia
Authors: Garfinkle Steven 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe numerous surviving loan documents from the Ur III period illustrate the vital role that credit played in the early Mesopotamian economy. The availability of credit was critical at every level of society. In this article, the form and function of credit in the Ur III period are described, along with lending practices and the activities of individual creditors. Despite the overwhelming scale of the institutional economies, there was significant room for non-institutional households to pursue economic gains through money-lending. This entrepreneurial activity took place in an economy that was familiar with a sophisticated range of possible credit transactions. Les nombreux documents de prêt qui survivent de l'époque de la Troisième Dynastie d'Ur illustrent le rôle essentiel que le crédit joue dans l'économie mésopotamienne archaïque. À chaque niveau de la société disposer de crédit était d'une importance essentielle. Cette contribution décrit les forme et fonction du crédit à la période d'Ur III, les pratiques de prêt et les activités des créanciers. En dépit de la grande taille des économies institutionnelles, il existait un secteur important où des maisons non-institutionelles pouvaient faire des gains en prêtant à intérêt. Cette activité d'entrepreneur s'exerçait dans une économie qui possédait une gamme sophistiquée de transactions de crédit.
The influence of N-acetyl-L-cystein infusion on cytokine levels and gastric intramucosal pH during severe sepsis
Authors: Emet Sayım , Memiş Dilek , Pamukçu Zafer 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Introduction
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of continuously infused N-acetyl-L-cystein (NAC) on serum cytokine levels and gastric intramucosal pH in humans suffering from severe sepsis.

Methods
Fifty-three patients were included in the study. In the NAC group (n = 27), after an initial intravenous bolus of NAC (150 mg/kg over 5 min), a continuous intravenous infusion of 12.5 mg/kg per hour was given for 6 hours. Patients in the control group (n = 26) were administered dextrose (5% solution) at the same dosage. We recorded the following: haemodynamic parameters, nasopharyngeal temperature, arterial blood gas changes, plasma cytokine levels, biochemical parameters, intramucosal pH, length of stay in the intensive care unit, duration of of mechanical ventilation and mortality. All measurements were taken at baseline (15 min before the start of the study) and were repeated immediately after the bolus infusion, and at 24 and 48 hours after initiation of the continuous NAC infusion.

Results
No differences were found between groups in levels of the major cytokines, duration of ventilation and intensive care unit stay, gastric intramucosal pH and arterial oxygen tension/inspired fractional oxygen ratio (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
We found that NAC infusion at the doses given did not affect cytokine levels, outcomes, or gastric intramucosal pH in patients with severe sepsis. Because of the limited number of patients included in the study and the short period of observation, our findings need confirmation in larger clinical trials of NAC infused in a dose-titrated manner. However, our results do not support the use of NAC in patients with severe sepsis.
Preventing falls and stump injuries in lower limb amputees during inpatient rehabilitation: completion of the audit cycle
Authors: Gooday Helen MK , Hunter John 
Published: May 2004

Objectives: To study the factors contributing to falls among recent lower limb amputees, and to reduce the number of falls during inpatient rehabilitation and resulting injuries. Design: Retrospective, followed by prospective, cohort study, then a follow-up study conducted after interventions. Setting: Twenty-bedded inpatient rehabilitation unit for amputees. Subjects: Lower limb amputees. Interventions: Patient education, environmental modifications and application of a bivalve plaster of Paris stump protector to patients who were aged 70 or over, or cognitively impaired. Main outcome measures: Numbers of falls and other accidents, and resulting injuries. Results: In phase 1 of the study, a retrospective audit of incident forms that had been completed on lower limb amputees who had an accident during their inpatient rehabilitation, between 1 April 1996 and 31 Ocotber 1998, was carried out. This showed that approximately a third of admissions (32%) were complicated by an accident. Most accidents were falls. In phase 2, a prospective study of 113 patients admitted to the unit was undertaken. Patients who fell were significantly older than those who did not. In phase 3, 62 consecutive patients were studied. There were 37 accidents in total, of which 35 were falls. Compared with the phase 2 study, there was no reduction in the proportion of patients who had a fall or other accident in phase 3, but significantly fewer falls resulted in any injury (p/0.05). Conclusions: Although the interventions employed did not reduce the proportion of patients who had falls or other accidents, significantly fewer falls resulted in injuries.
Effectiveness of provision of outdoor mobility services and devices in the Netherlands
Authors: Wessels R D , de Witte L P , Jedeloo S , van den Heuvel W PM , van den Heuvel W JA 
Published: May 2004

Objective: To answer the following questions: What are the problems encountered by people with outdoor mobility disabilities? What solutions are being offered to them in the Netherlands? How effective are these solutions? How responsive is the IPPA instrument (Individually Prioritized Problem Assessment)? Design: Analysing the results of a follow-up study using the IPPA instrument. Setting: The Dutch Service for the Disabled Act (SDA, in Dutch: WVG) provision system. This act is responsible for the provision of mobility aids and home adaptations. Subjects: Fifty-nine people with outdoor mobility disabilities. Interventions: The provision of outdoor mobility service and devices. Main outcome measures: Effectiveness of provisions as measured using IPPA (i.e., the degree to which activities have become less difficult to perform), effect size of IPPA with this intervention. Results: Problems identified by clients are very diverse and specific but can be classified fairly well on the basis of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF); in the main, the solutions they are provided with are very similar and generic. Effectiveness is excellent at a group level, but insufficient for some at an individual level. The IPPA instrument is highly responsive in this setting. Most mobility problems respondents identified, although very individual and specific, were related to shopping, social visits or leisure activities. These specific sets of problems were solved using ‘standard’, generic solutions. Conclusions: The Dutch provision system should be more ‘demand oriented’ and less ‘supply oriented’. IPPA turns out to be a useful, structured and individualoriented method to evaluate service delivery.
The effect of preoperative physiotherapy and education on the outcome of total hip replacement: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gocen Zeliha , Sen Ayse , Unver Bayram , Karatosun Vasfi , Gunal Izge 
Published: May 2004

Objective: To investigate the effects of preoperative physical therapy for patients undergoing total hip replacement. Design: Prospective randomized controlled study. Setting: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology in a university hospital. Subjects: Sixty patients with osteoarthritis of the hip scheduled to receive total hip replacement were randomly assigned into two groups. Interventions: Subjects in the study group received preoperative physiotherapy designed to strengthen the muscles of the upper and lower limbs and to improve range of motion of the hip, beginning from eight weeks before the operation. These patients also received an educational programme about living with a prosthesis. The control group received no preoperative physiotherapy or educational programme. Main outcome measures: Patients were evaluated at baseline (study group only, eight weeks prior to operation), before surgery, at discharge, three months and two years postoperatively using Harris Hip Score, visual analogue scale and range at hip abduction. Results: Although patients in the study group performed transfer activities earlier than the control group, there were no significant differences between the groups at discharge with regard to the improvement in Harris Hip Score ( p < 0.48) and hip adduction ( p < 0.97) and visual analogue scale at rest ( p < 0.54) and activity ( p < 0.89). At the latest follow-up (two years postoperatively) both groups had improved in Harris Hip Score, but rate of improvement between the groups was similar ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: We conclude that the routine use of preoperative physiotherapy and education programme is not useful in total hip replacement surgery.
Percutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (P-NMES) for treating shoulder pain in chronic hemiplegia. Effects on shoulder pain and quality of life
Authors: Renzenbrink Gerbert J , Ijzerman Maarten J 
Published: May 2004

Objective: To evaluate the effect of percutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (P-NMES) of the shoulder muscles on shoulder pain intensity and health-related quality of life in chronic hemiplegia. Design: Prospective, open label design. Setting: The outpatient services of a large teaching rehabilitation hospital in the Netherlands. Subjects: Fifteen stroke survivors with chronic (> six months) hemiplegia and a therapy-resistant painful shoulder with subluxation. All patients suffered from clinically relevant shoulder pain, as assessed by a score of at least 4 out of 10 on a numerical rating scale. Shoulder subluxation was indicated by at least 1/2 fingerbreadth of glenohumeral separation on palpation. Intervention: Six hours of P-NMES per day for a total of six weeks. Main outcome measures: Shoulder pain (Brief Pain Inventory), shoulder subluxation (clinical and radiographic), shoulder pain-free external rotation (hand-held goniometer), motor impairment (Fugl-Meyer Motor test) and quality of life (SF-36) were assessed before treatment, after six weeks of intramuscular stimulation, at three months and six months follow-up. Results: A significant reduction in pain was found on the Brief Pain Inventory. Pain reduction was still present at six months follow-up. All domains, in particular bodily pain, of the SF-36 showed improvement in the short term. After six months of follow-up, bodily pain was still strongly and significantly reduced, whereas social functioning and role physical demonstrated a nonsignificant improvement of more than 10% compared with baseline. Conclusion: This pilot suggests that P-NMES potentially reduces shoulder pain in chronic hemiplegia. To establish the clinical value of P-NMES in treating hemiplegic shoulder pain a randomized controlled trial is needed.
Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Inhibit GABA Release at Interneuron-Purkinje Cell Synapses through Endocannabinoid Production
Authors: Galante Micaela , Diana Marco A. 
Published: May 2004

Actions of endocannabinoids in the cerebellum can be demonstrated following distinct stimulation protocols in Purkinje cells. First, depolarization-induced elevations of intracellular Ca2+ lead to the suppression of neurotransmitter release from both inhibitory and excitatory afferents. In another case, postsynaptic group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) trigger a strong inhibition of the glutamatergic inputs from parallel and climbing fibers. Both pathways involve endocannabinoids retrogradely acting on type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs) at presynaptic terminals. Here, we show that group I mGluR activation also depresses GABAergic transmission at the synapses between molecular layer interneurons and Purkinje cells. Using paired recordings, we found that application of the group I mGluR agonist (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine reduced the evoked IPSCs in Purkinje cells. This effect was independent of postsynaptic Ca2+ increases and was completely blocked by a CB1R antagonist.Experiments performed with the GTP-analogues GDP-βS and GTP-γS provided evidence that endocannabinoids released after G-protein activation can also inhibit GABAergic inputs onto nearby, unstimulated Purkinje cells. Block of the enzymes DAG lipase or phospholipase C reduced the group I mGluR-dependent inhibition, suggesting that 2-arachidonyl glycerol could act as retrograde messenger. Finally, group I mGluR activation by brief bursts of activity of the parallel fibers induced a short-lived depression of spontaneous IPSCs via presynaptic CB1Rs. Our results reveal a mechanism with potential physiological importance, by which glutamatergic synapses induce an endocannabinoid-mediated inhibition of the GABAergic inputs onto Purkinje cells.
Rapid Maxillary Expansion after Secondary Alveolar Bone Graft in a Patient with Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: de Oliveira Cavassan Arlete , de Albuquerque Marcelo D'Albuquerque , Capelozza Filho Leopoldino 
Published: May 2004

Objective To verify the effects of rapid maxillary expansion performed after secondary alveolar bone graft in one patient. Setting Department of Orthodontics of the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of Sao Paulo. Patient(s) The patient had bilateral cleft lip and palate, had already had a bone graft, and showed a relapsing maxillary constriction in need of correction. Intervention A fixed dental-mucous-bone-supported expander corrected the maxillary constriction. Main Outcome Measure(s) Measurements were obtained from dental casts, including transverse dimensions (intercanine distance [IC], interfirst premolar distance [IP], and interfirst molar distance [IM]) and measurements of the grafted area (interfirst premolar/central incisors [IPI] and interfirst premolar/canine [IPC]) to observe the changes. Clinical and radiographic analyses were done through direct view. Results The occlusal radiograph of the maxilla after expansion showed opening of the intermaxillary suture in the premaxillary area, which was clinically confirmed by the diastema between the maxillary central incisors. No radiographic alteration was observed in the grafted area. The transverse measurements of the dental casts (IC, IP, and IM) showed a significant increase. The measurements of the teeth adjacent to the grafted area, IPI and IPC, increased. Conclusions The orthopedic effect of rapid maxillary expansion after bone graft was verified. Nevertheless, additional studies are necessary to define any side effects in patients submitted to bone graft.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Maxillary and Mandibular Growth Increments
Authors: Lux Christopher J. , Conradt Christian , Burden Donald , Komposch Gerda 
Published: May 2004

Objective To analyze changes in the facial, maxillary, and mandibular skeleton in the vertical, sagittal, and transverse dimensions during an orthodontically relevant period of dentofacial development (i.e., between 7 and 15 years of age). Subjects and Method This longitudinal study comprised posteroanterior (PA) and lateral cephalograms at 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 years of 18 untreated Class I subjects with good occlusion. Transverse growth (width) was analyzed on the basis of PA cephalograms and sagittal (depth) and vertical (height) growth by means of lateral cephalograms. For each linear measurement, mean percentage increases were calculated relative to the size at 7 years of age. Results and Conclusions Between 7 and 15 years of age, in the whole facial skeleton and the maxilla, percentage increases were most pronounced in the vertical dimension when compared with the sagittal and transverse dimensions. In the mandible, the largest percentage increases were found in both sexes for vertical growth of the ramus, followed by sagittal growth (body length) and then mandibular width. In the sagittal dimension, development was more pronounced in the mandible (at pogonion more than at B point) than in the maxilla (A point). With respect to vertical growth, percentage increases in posterior face height exceeded the increases in anterior face height. When facial shape changes were analyzed between 7 and 15 years of age in both sexes, the ratio facial height/facial width increased and the ratio facial depth/ facial height decreased, which points toward an age-related increasing influence of vertical development.
Dendrimers in Solution: Insight from Theory and Simulation
Authors: Ballauff Matthias , Likos Christos N. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA variety of experimental and theoretical approaches show that, akin to linear polymers, dendrimers in good solvent conditions are best described as flexible macromolecular aggregates with a dense core and fluctuating monomer groups. We present theoretical and simulational evidence of how the shape and inner structure of dendrimers depends on the generation number as well as the effective interactions that exist between dendrimers in solution. These approaches based on simplified dendritic structures show there is a tunable and ultrasoft interaction between the centers of the solublized dendrimers. Results from small‐angle neutron scattering data confirm the theory and indicate that dendrimers are model systems of ultrasoft colloids that bridge the gap between polymers and hard spheres. Dendrimers can form a class of materials analogous to the related systems of star polymers and block copolymer micelles which exhibit special properties.
Ternary System Tm—Cu—Ge: Isothermal Section of the Phase Diagram at 870 K and Crystal Structures of the Compounds.
Authors: Fedyna L. O. , Bodak O. I. , Tokaychuk Ya. O. , Fedyna M. F. , Mokra I. R. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Gd5Si2B8: A Ternary Rare‐Earth‐Metal Silicide Boride Compound.
Authors: Babizhetskyy Volodymyr , Roger Jerome , Deputier Stephanie , Guerin Roland , Jardin Regis , Bauer Josef , Hiebl Kurt , Jardin Christophe , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Halet Jean‐Francois 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
First Isolated Active Titanium Peroxo Complex: Characterization and Theoretical Study.
Authors: Kholdeeva Oxana A. , Trubitsina Tatiana A. , Maksimovskaya Raisa I. , Golovin Anatolii V. , Neiwert Wade A. , Kolesov Boris A. , Lopez Xavier , Poblet Josep M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Boc‐L‐proline as a New Chiral Ligand for Enantioselective Phenylacetylene Addition to Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Zhou Yu‐feng , Wang Rui , Xu Zhao‐qing , Yan Wen‐jin , Liu Lei , Gao Yan‐feng , Da Chao‐shan 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclizations of N‐Stannylaminyl Radicals onto Nitriles.
Authors: Benati Luisa , Bencivenni Giorgio , Leardini Rino , Minozzi Matteo , Nanni Daniele , Scialpi Rosanna , Spagnolo Piero , Zanardi Giuseppe , Rizzoli Corrado 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Unusually Robust Triple Bond: Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of 3‐Alkynylcyclopropenes.
Authors: Gilbertson Robert D. , Wu He‐Ping , Gorman‐Lewis Drew , Weakley Timothy J. R. , Weiss Hans‐Christoph , Boese Roland , Haley Michael M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic [2 + 2]‐Cycloaddition Reactions of Silyl Enol Ethers. A Convenient and Stereoselective Method for Cyclobutane Ring Formation.
Authors: Takasu Kiyosei , Ueno Megumi , Inanaga Kazato , Ihara Masataka 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New S,O‐Acetals from (1R)‐(‐)‐Myrtenal as Chiral Auxiliaries in Nucleophilic Additions.
Authors: Chacon‐Garcia Luis , Lagunas‐Rivera Selene , Perez‐Estrada Salvador , Vargas‐Diaz M. Elena , Joseph‐Nathan Pedro , Tamariz Joaquin , Zepeda L. Gerardo 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of a Novel C2‐Symmetric Thiourea and Its Application in the Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions with Arenediazonium Salts under Aerobic Conditions.
Authors: Dai Mingji , Liang Bo , Wang Cuihua , Chen Jiahua , Yang Zhen 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Heterosubstituted Aziridines and Their Functionalization.
Authors: De Vitis Luisella , Florio Saverio , Granito Catia , Ronzini Ludovico , Troisi Luigino , Capriati Vito , Luisi Renzo , Pilati Tullio 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of Novel 1,2,3‐Triazoles and a Comparative Study Involving Two Recent Methods for 1,2,3‐Triazole Synthesis.
Authors: Melo Julio Onesio Ferreira , Ratton Patricia Melo , Augusti Rodinei , Donnici Claudio Luis 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bromination and Azidation Reactions of 2‐Styrylchromones. New Syntheses of 4(5)‐Aryl‐5(4)‐(2‐chromonyl)‐1,2,3‐triazoles.
Authors: Silva Artur M. S. , Vieira Judite S. , Brito Cristela M. , Cavaleiro Jose A. S. , Patonay Tamas , Levai Albert , Elguero Jose 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Cascade Reaction of Aryl Aldoxime with Dimedone under Microwave Irradiation: The Synthesis of N‐Hydroxylacridine.
Authors: Tu Shujiang , Miao Chunbao , Gao Yuan , Fang Fang , Zhuang Qiya , Feng Youjian , Shi Daqing 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of 1‐[Benzoyl(2‐hetaroyl)]‐2,2‐dimethylhydrazines with 1,3‐Dibromopropyne, 2‐Propynyl Bromide, and Allyl Bromide.
Authors: Nakhmanovich A. S. , Karnaukhova R. V. , Larina L. I. , Ushakov P. E. , Lopyrev V. A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.