bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of temperature on the reproductive life history of the black vine weevil,Otiorhynchus sulcatus
Authors: Son Youngsoo , Lewis Edwin E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractOtiorhynchus sulcatus(F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the most serious pests of horticultural crops but despite this, the effects of temperature on its reproduction are not fully understood. This study investigates the effects of temperature on the full set of reproductive traits ofO. sulcatusat nine temperatures between 11 and 36 °C and develops descriptive models for each trait. Cohorts of newly eclosed adults were subjected to these temperatures and fed onRhododendronspec. leaves. Adults oviposited at temperatures from 11 to 27 °C. Significant differences among treatments were found in the preoviposition period, oviposition period, longevity, per capita egg production, and egg viability. The preoviposition period was the shortest at 24 °C and the longest at 11 °C. With a non‐linear model fitted to the data across the full range of experimental temperatures, the lower and upper threshold temperatures and optimum temperature for reproductive maturation were estimated to be 6.8, 30.0, and 22.7 °C, respectively. The developmental threshold and calculated thermal constant were estimated to be 6.7 °C and 505.0 degree‐days, respectively, using a linear model at temperatures between 11 and 21 °C. Maximum per capita egg production (1094.1 eggs) and highest egg viability (90.1%) were both observed at 21 °C. The median longevity ofO. sulcatusadults in the 18–36 °C range decreased linearly as temperatures increased. At 27 °C or above, the reproductive success ofO. sulcatuswas substantially impaired, and the optimum temperature range was 21–22 °C. Production of viable eggs in relation to temperature and weevil age was simulated by incorporating four models of life history traits, including egg production, egg viability, cumulative pattern of egg production, and adult survival. Overall, the present study demonstrates that temperature is a key factor in determining the reproductive success ofO. sulcatusadults. We hypothesize that temperature may influence the phenology and geographic distribution ofO. sulcatuspopulations.
Expression of cell adhesion molecules, CD44s and E‐cadherin, and microvessel density in invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Gong Y , Sun X , Huo L , Wiley E L , Rao M S 
Published: January 2005

Aims : Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare variant of ductal carcinoma of the breast and is characterized by high metastatic potential and an aggressive clinical course. This tumour is hence ideal for studying the mechanism underlying tumour biological behaviour, especially metastasis. Cell adhesion molecules, such as CD44 and E‐cadherin (Ecad), and angiogenesis are considered important in the invasion and metastasis of tumours.Methods and results : We immunohistochemically analysed 23 IMPCs for expression of a standard form of CD44 (CD44s), Ecad, and CD34 to measure microvessel density (MVD). Results are compared with the changes observed in 23 tubular carcinomas (TCs), another variant of ductal carcinoma that rarely metastasizes. Evaluation of haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections showed a higher prevalence of lymph‐vascular invasion (19/23, 83%) and regional lymph node involvement (12/15, 80%) in IMPCs; whereas no lymph‐vascular invasion or lymph node metastasis was identified in TCs. Loss or reduction of CD44s immunoreactivity was significantly frequent in IMPC (39%) compared with TC (4%) (P = 0.0098), and was associated with positive axillary lymph nodes and lymph‐vascular invasion. All cases of IMPC and TC strongly expressed Ecad. MVD (in five 200× fields) was significantly higher in IMPC (88 ± 37) than in TC (57 ± 16) (P = 0.001). In the IMPC group, MDV was higher in cases with positive lymph node(s) (P = 0.048), and cases with loss or reduction of CD44s expression (P = 0.011). The same trend was also demonstrated in cases with lymph‐vascular invasion (P = 0.077). Moreover, the vessels in IMPC had much smaller calibres with thinner walls than those in TC.Conclusions : Loss of the CD44 adhesion molecule and high MVD may play a significant role in the high incidence of lymph‐vascular permeation and metastasis in IMPC.
Colonic angiodysplasia and true diverticula: is there an association?
Authors: Mudhar H S , Balsitis M 
Published: January 2005

Aims : To investigate the pathology of colectomy specimens, from patients presenting with lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage, who had undergone preoperative mesenteric angiography. The angiography diagnoses ranged from active bleeding of unknown aetiology to angiodysplasia.Methods and results : The macroscopic and microscopic pathology of 11 colectomy specimens was studied. All the specimens contained blood on receipt with no obvious macroscopic source of haemorrhage identified. In all cases the large bowel demonstrated diverticula with an unusual topography. These were wide‐mouthed, up to 20 mm across and exhibited a partly scattered distribution across the bowel; in two cases the diverticula contained blood clot. Histology demonstrated true diverticula invested by all muscle layers, exhibiting thick‐walled vessels, within the submucosa and within the muscularis propria fibres, resembling the vascular elements identified in congenital vascular malformations. The two cases that contained blood clot revealed the thick‐walled vessels to have ruptured into the diverticular lumen. Histology from the background colon between the diverticula demonstrated vascular lesions fulfilling the histological criteria for angiodysplasia; these features were also represented in the true‐type diverticula. Most cases showed right‐sided angiodysplasia and right‐sided true diverticula. However, left‐sided angiodysplastic lesions were also seen in association with left‐sided true‐type diverticula.Conclusions : We have identified the dual pathologies of angiodysplasia and multiple true‐type diverticula, and suggest a topographical relationship between these two lesions. Furthermore, we propose that the thick‐walled vessels within the true diverticula are congenitally abnormal, and raise the possibility that these vessels exert local haemodynamic effects, that effectively predispose the colon to acquired angiodysplastic phenomena.
Fat in the right ventricle of the normal heart
Authors: Tansey D K , Aly Z , Sheppard M N 
Published: January 2005

Aims : Fibrofatty replacement of the right ventricle wall, often with associated inflammation, is the hallmark of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), a rare but established cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults. Fatty infiltration of the right ventricle alone without fibrosis may also occur but its relation to sudden death is not well established. In this study we assessed the amount of epicardial and intramyocardial fat in the right ventricle of ‘normal’ hearts from subjects who had died of non‐cardiac causes.Methods and results : Hearts (n = 148) were examined from 81 males and 67 females, with an age range of 6 months to 68 years, who had died of non‐cardiac causes. The extent and distribution of right ventricular epicardial and intramyocardial fat was assessed macro‐ and microscopically, respectively. The majority of hearts (85%) contained at least some intramyocardial fat with significantly more fat replacement noted in the right ventricles of older subjects and in females than in males. There was no significant fibrosis or inflammation in any of the 148 cases.Conclusion : Variable amounts of intramyocardial fat may be seen in the right ventricle of subjects dying of non‐cardiac related causes. Care should be taken not to confuse this relatively common simple fatty infiltration with ARVC.
Present day risk of extinction may exacerbate the lower species richness of dioecious clades
Authors: Vamosi Jana C. , Vamosi Steven M. 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACTDioecious clades have been observed to have lower species richness than their non‐dioecious sister groups indicating that dioecious species experience higher extinction rates and (or) lower speciation rates. To determine whether current threats to biodiversity may exacerbate this pattern, we examined the threat to exclusively dioecious families of angiosperms among the 13,013 species of threatened plants included in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. When examined phylogenetically, dioecious families had proportionally more species listed than their sister groups. We then examined whether ecological traits correlated with dioecy, namely tropical distribution, woody growth form, and fleshy fruits, are associated with having higher proportions of threatened species. Ignoring breeding system, woody growth form was the only trait that was associated with a greater than expected proportion of threatened species per family. Red‐Listed dioecious families were more likely to have a woody growth form than non‐dioecious families. Woody growth habit is likely contributing to the higher incidence of dioecious species being at risk of extinction but is not solely responsible for the pattern because higher risk within dioecious groups was also apparent in a comparison of exclusively woody sister‐group pairs. Our results indicate that dioecious plants may warrant special attention in conservation practices.
Psychological therapies for bipolar disorder: the role of model‐driven approaches to therapy integration
Authors: Jones Steven H , Sellwood William , McGovern John 
Published: January 2005

Objectives:  The psychological and social aspects of bipolar disorder are receiving increasing recognition. Recently, there have been promising developments in psychological interventions, but there is scope for further improvement of therapeutic outcomes. This paper argues for the use of more detailed psychological models of bipolar disorder to inform the further development of therapeutic approaches.Method:  Evidence for psychological, family and social factors in bipolar disorder is reviewed. The efficacy of current individual and family interventions are discussed. A model, which has potential to synthesize group and individual approaches, is outlined.Results:  Psychological, social and family factors have important influences on the onset, course and outcome of bipolar disorder. Interventions based on vulnerability stress models have proved effective. However, to enhance efficacy future developments need to be based on models that integrate current understandings of the multiple levels at which mood fluctuations occur. A particular recent model is discussed which leads to specific proposals for future intervention research.Conclusions:  Psychological and family approaches to BD have much potential. They clearly have a role in conjunction with appropriate pharmacological treatment. If this potential is to be fully realized future developments need to be based on psychological models that can accommodate the complexity of this illness.
Comparative analysis of the effects of four mood stabilizers in SH‐SY5Y cells and in primary neurons
Authors: Daniel Elena Di , Mudge Anne W , Maycox Peter R 
Published: January 2005

Objectives: The mood‐stabilizing drug valproic acid (VPA) exerts a neurotrophic effect on the human neuroblastoma cell line, SH‐SY5Y. We aimed to establish whether other mood‐stabilizing drugs have a similar action and which signalling pathways mediate this process.Methods: We analysed the effects of the mood stabilizers VPA, lithium, carbamazepine and lamotrigine on proliferation, survival, neurite outgrowth and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation using the SH‐SY5Y cell line. We also compared their effects in primary neurons.Results: We found that VPA promotes neurite outgrowth and prevents cell death in SH‐SY5Y cells, but has no effect on cell proliferation. This neurotrophic effect does not involve inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase‐3, histone deacetylase or prolyl oligopeptidase; the effect also does not seem to involve protein kinase C. In contrast, VPA activates ERK/MAPK and the survival effect of VPA is blocked by inhibition of the ERK/MAPK signalling pathway. Moreover, other activators of ERK/MAPK, such as epidermal growth factor and phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate, mimic the neurotrophic effects of VPA. Other mood stabilizers do not activate ERK/MAPK and do not promote neurite outgrowth or survival of SH‐SY5Y cells. In contrast, both lithium and VPA activate ERK/MAPK in rat primary cortical neurons.Conclusions: We investigated four mood stabilizers that are effective in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Our results suggest that, while some mood stabilizers may have additional neuroprotective effects, activation of ERK/MAPK does not appear to be a mechanism common to all mood‐stabilizing drugs.
Content‐specificity of dysfunctional cognitions for patients with bipolar mania versus unipolar depression: a preliminary study
Authors: Goldberg Joseph F , Wenze Susan J , Welker Tara M , Steer Robert A , Beck Aaron T 
Published: January 2005

Objective:  Dysfunctional beliefs or cognitions are considered to be fundamental to both the phenomenology and pathogenesis of depression. However, the cognitive aspects of mania have not been as thoroughly investigated. We sought to compare the maladaptive beliefs and cognitions of 23 bipolar manic or hypomanic patients, 28 patients with unipolar major depression, and 24 normal adults.Method:  The Cognition Checklist for Mania (CCL‐M) was used to assess the beliefs. This 61‐item self‐report instrument is scored for seven subscales measuring (a) self‐importance, (b) interpersonal grandiosity, (c) inappropriate spending, (d) excitement and risk‐taking, (e) interpersonal frustrations, (f) goal‐driven activity, and (g) past or future outlooks on life, and also yields a total score.Results:  The mean CCL‐M total score of the bipolar‐manic patients was significantly higher than the mean CCL‐M total score of the unipolar‐depressed patients, and the patients’ mean CCL‐M total score was also higher than that of the normal adults. The mean scores of the subscales measuring excitement and past and future memories and expectations were also significantly higher for the bipolar‐manic than unipolar‐depressed patients.Conclusions:  Bipolar‐manic patients endorse with maladaptive beliefs and cognitions that are associated with mania more than do unipolar‐depressed patients and normal adults. The implications for the early identification of cognitions associated with prodromal states of mania, and for psychotherapeutic interventions, are discussed.
Dark therapy for mania: a pilot study
Authors: Barbini Barbara , Benedetti Francesco , Colombo Cristina , Dotoli Danilo , Bernasconi Alessandro , Cigala‐Fulgosi Mara , Florita Marcello , Smeraldi Enrico 
Published: January 2005

Background:  Recent findings suggest that extended bed rest and darkness could stabilize mood swings in rapid cycling bipolar patients.Method:  We exposed 16 bipolar inpatients affected by a manic episode to a regimen of 14 h of enforced darkness from 6 p.m. to 8 a.m. each night for three consecutive days [dark therapy (DT)]. Pattern of mood changes were recorded with the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and compared with a control group of 16 inpatients matched for age, sex, age at onset, number of previous illness episodes and duration of current episode, and were treated with therapy as usual (TAU).Results:  Adding DT to TAU resulted in a significantly faster decrease of YMRS scores when patients were treated within 2 weeks from the onset of the current manic episode. When duration of current episode was longer, DT had no effect. Follow‐up confirmed that good responders needed a lower dose of antimanic drugs and were discharged earlier from the hospital.Conclusions:  Chronobiological interventions and control of environmental stimuli can be a useful add‐on for the treatment of acute mania in a hospital setting.
Recovery and functional outcomes following olanzapine treatment for bipolar I mania
Authors: Roy Chengappa KN , Hennen John , Baldessarini Ross J , Kupfer David J , Yatham Lakshmi N , Gershon Samuel , Baker Robert W , Tohen Mauricio 
Published: January 2005

Background:  Typical experimental categorizations of treatment responses in bipolar disorder (BPD) patients may have limited relationship to clinical recovery or functional status, and there is inadequate research on such clinically important outcomes.Methods:  We analyzed data from a study of open continuation of olanzapine treatment following a 3‐week placebo‐controlled trial involving initially hospitalized adult subjects with DSM‐IV BP‐I mania to estimate rates and times to symptomatic remission (low scores on standardized symptomatic assessments) and clinical recovery (remission sustained ≥8 weeks), associated clinical factors, and functional outcomes.Results:  During treatment with olanzapine for 27.9 ± 20.1 weeks, symptomatic remission was attained by 70% of subjects, half by 8 weeks (95% CI 6–10) weeks, and later lost by 82% of remitted subjects; remitted (versus non‐remitted) subjects had slightly lower baseline clinical global impression scores and greater trial‐completion. Sustained clinical recovery was attained by only 40 of 113 (35%) of subjects, half by 36 (95% CI 20–40) weeks, and later lost by 45%. Subjects with above‐median (>12) initial Hamilton‐Depression rating scale depression scores were half as likely to recover (p = 0.016) and did so much later (36 versus 12 weeks) than those with lower scores. At final assessment, self‐rated well being (SF‐36 psychosocial functioning scores) improved substantially more among recovered versus non‐recovered subjects (mean changes: 87% versus 23%), and two‐thirds of recovered subjects remained unemployed‐for‐pay while half received disability‐compensation.Conclusions:  Clinically meaningful symptomatic remission and recovery in relatively severely ill adult bipolar I manic patients were achieved slowly and sustained by only some patients within an average of 7 months of continuous treatment. These clinically relevant outcomes were worse with relatively high initial dysphoria ratings. Well‐being was rated higher by recovered subjects, but their ability to work and live independently were markedly impaired. These findings underscore the emerging view that BPD can often be severe, slow to remit, and disabling, particularly in association with prominent depression‐dysphoria symptoms. Improved treatments for BPD are needed, guided by longitudinal assessments of clinically meaningful measures of symptomatic recovery and functional outcome.
Increased risk for pulmonary embolism in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Strudsholm Ulla , Johannessen Line , Foldager Leslie , Munk‐Jørgensen Povl 
Published: January 2005

Objectives:  The purpose of this study was to investigate the increased risk for pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with manic‐depressive psychosis/bipolar disorder (BD). Affective patients show increased mortality compared with the background population.Methods:  A register study was carried out in which somatic and psychiatric information in 25,834 BD patients and 117,815 controls was extracted from The Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register, The National Register of Patients, The Danish Central Person Register and The Danish Register of Causes of Death, with similar information about patients with schizophrenia and anxiety for comparison.Results:  Patients with BD had a significantly increased occurrence of PE [increased incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.61; 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.38, 1.88)]. An association was also found in schizophrenic patients [IRR = 1.78; 95% CI (1.27, 2.51)] and in anxiety patients [IRR = 1.49; 95% CI (1.10, 2.02)].Conclusions:  Increased occurrence of PE in patients with BD is one of the explanations of increased mortality in the affective patient group. A similar finding in females with schizophrenia and females with anxiety suggests ‘mental disorder’ as the risk factor for PE. The causes for the increased occurrence of PE in BD patients (and other diagnostic groups) need further investigation.
Antigens of Goat Spermatozoa that Recognize Homologous Zona Pellucida
Authors: Kaul G , Gandhi KK , Sharma GS , Singh B 
Published: January 2005

ContentsGoat sperm surface proteins obtained from purified plasma membrane (PPM) vesicles (purity of membrane checked by marker enzymes and transmission electron microscopy) were size fractionated on an fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) gel filtration column. All the seven surface proteins (129, 100, 46, 28, 27, 18 and 10 kDa) obtained were further fractionated and purified on high‐efficiency gel filtration (GFC‐HPLC) as well as ion exchange (DEAE‐HPLC) columns. Antibodies were generated against the PPM and the protein fractions. Such resolved and purified surface antigens were tested by Dot Blot Immunoassay and homologous in vitro sperm–zona binding assays. It was revealed that the binding of goat spermatozoa to homologous zona pellucida was inhibited by antisera raised against the five lower molecular weight surface antigens. Further, the components of FPLC‐AIII (46 kDa; A represents antigenic protein) and IV (28 kDa) were most promising as the antibodies against these fractions inhibited sperm binding to zona pellucida even at a dilution of 1 : 1000 as tested by the sperm–zona binding assays.
Cyclic Related and Pathological Changes in the Lectin‐binding Sites on the Swine Oviduct
Authors: Sant'Ana FJF , Nascimento EF , Gimeno EJ , Barbeito CG 
Published: January 2005

ContentsThis study was carried out to compare the lectin‐binding pattern in the normal and pathological oviduct of sows during the ovarian cycle. Lectin‐binding patterns showed differences between segments, phases of ovarian cycle and presence of morphologic lesions. In the infundibulum, it was observed that the cysts, in the follicular phase, reducedRicinus communis‐I (RCA‐I) andUlex europaeus‐I (UEA‐I) binding. Furthermore, in the pathological oviducts of the luteal‐phase group, there is a reduction ofConcanavalia ensiformis(Con‐A) reactivity in this segment of the tube having wall cysts, adenomyosis and diverticulus. TheArachis hypogaea(PNA) binding in the infundibulum, during the luteal phase, decreased in the tube having adenomyosis. In animals with wall cysts, the Con‐A,Triticum vulgaris(WGA) and RCA‐I reactivity was minor in the glycocalyx of the isthmus epithelium during follicular phase. Con‐A andDolichos biflorus(DBA) binding pattern was minor in the luteal‐phase isthmus of the tube having wall cysts, adenomyosis and diverticulus. In the ampulla, the wall cysts impaired the Con‐A reaction only in the basal region of the epithelium, in the follicular phase. Binding with Con‐A was decreased in the ampulla of animals in the luteal phase in the tube lesions with cysts and diverticulus. In addition, the diverticulus observed in the ampulla, during the luteal phase, reduced the PNA tubaric binding. The results of this study showed that the morphologic alterations modify the sugar pattern in the oviduct of sows. These modifications in glycoconjugates may be one of the reasons for the failure of fertility in sows.